gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Behavioral Models Using Utility Theory and Prospect Theory (2022)

Several examples of Cyber-physical human systems (CPHS) include real-time decisions from humans as a necessary building block for the successful performance of the overall system. Many of these decision-making problems necessitate an appropriate model of human behavior. Tools from Utility Theory have been used successfully in several problems in transportation for resource allocation and balance of supply and demand \citep{ben1985discrete}. More recently, Prospect Theory has been demonstrated as a useful tool in behavioral economics and cognitive psychology for deriving human behavioral models that characterize their subjective decision-making in the presence of stochastic uncertainties and risks, as an alternative to conventional Utility Theory \citep{kahneman_prospect_2012}. These models will be described in this article. Theoretical implications of Prospect Theory are also discussed. Examples will be drawn from transportation use cases such as shared mobility to illustrate these models as well as the distinctions between Utility Theory and Prospect Theory.
Anonymous Geo-Forwarding in MANETs through Location Cloaking (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of destination anonymity for applications in mobile ad hoc networks where geographic information is ready for use in both ad hoc routing and Internet services. Geographic forwarding becomes a lightweight routing protocol in favor of the scenarios. Traditionally the anonymity of an entity of interest can be achieved by hiding it among a group of other entities with similar characteristics, i.e., an anonymity set. In mobile ad hoc networks, generating and maintaining an anonymity set for any ad hoc node is challenging because of the node mobility, consequently the dynamic network topology. We propose protocols that use the destination position to generate a geographic area called an anonymity zone (AZ). A packet for a destination is delivered to all the nodes in the AZ, which make up the anonymity set. The size of the anonymity set may decrease because nodes are mobile, yet the corresponding anonymity set management is simple. We design techniques to further improve node anonymity and reduce communication overhead. We use analysis and extensive simulation to study the node anonymity and routing performance, and to determine the parameters that most impact the anonymity level that can be achieved by our protocol.
Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Activity Expands Multipotent Myeloid Progenitor Cells with Vascular Regenerative Function (2018)

Blood-derived progenitor cell transplantation holds potential for the treatment of severe vascular diseases. Human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells purified using high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH<sup>hi</sup> ) activity demonstrate pro-angiogenic functions following intramuscular (i.m.) transplantation into immunodeficient mice with hind-limb ischemia. Unfortunately, UCB ALDH<sup>hi</sup> cells are rare and prolonged ex vivo expansion leads to loss of high ALDH-activity and diminished vascular regenerative function. ALDH-activity generates retinoic acid, a potent driver of hematopoietic differentiation, creating a paradoxical challenge to expand UCB ALDH<sup>hi</sup> cells while limiting differentiation and retaining pro-angiogenic functions. We investigated whether inhibition of ALDH-activity during ex vivo expansion of UCB ALDH<sup>hi</sup> cells would prevent differentiation and expand progeny that retained pro-angiogenic functions after transplantation into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice with femoral artery ligation-induced unilateral hind-limb ischemia. Human UCB ALDH<sup>hi</sup> cells were cultured under serum-free conditions for 9 days, with or without the reversible ALDH-inhibitor, diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB). Although total cell numbers were increased >70-fold, the frequency of cells that retained ALDH<sup>hi</sup> /CD34+ phenotype was significantly diminished under basal conditions. In contrast, DEAB-inhibition increased total ALDH<sup>hi</sup> /CD34+ cell number by ≥10-fold, reduced differentiation marker (CD38) expression, and enhanced the retention of multipotent colony-forming cells in vitro. Proteomic analysis revealed that DEAB-treated cells upregulated anti-apoptotic protein expression and diminished production of proteins implicated with megakaryocyte differentiation. The i.m. transplantation of DEAB-treated cells into mice with hind-limb ischemia stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and augmented recovery of hind-limb perfusion. DEAB-inhibition of ALDH-activity delayed hematopoietic differentiation and expanded multipotent myeloid cells that accelerated vascular regeneration following i.m. transplantation in vivo. Stem Cells 2018;36:723-736.
The cerebral microvasculature of the rat: structure and luminal surface properties during early development. (1988)

The development of the cerebral microvasculature of the rat was studied during three successive postnatal periods, namely: 1) neonatal period, i.e., 1 to 9 days after birth (capillary sprouting period); 2) myelinization period, i.e., 10 to 20 days; and 3) young adult period, i.e., 2 to 3 months. The survey covered structural aspects and distribution of binding sites for anionic or cationic probes and for albumin-gold complexes on the luminal surface of the microvascular endothelium. The salient results are: a) an extensive development of the endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells during the first period (presumably in relation with the production of basement membrane components); b) the high surface density of coated pits and coated vesicles that peaks during the myelinization period; c) the paucity of plasmalemmal vesicle and their differential distribution (their volume density is higher in the endothelium of arterioles than in that of capillaries and venules); d) the existence of an extensive smooth surface tubular system in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, whose structural connections and functional significance remains to be established; and e) the presence of pericytes with elaborate interactions with endothelia in the early developmental periods. Labeling by perfused tracers indicates an uneven patchy distribution of binding sites for cationic ferritin (generally limited to the plasmalemma proper) and a more even distribution of binding sites for cationic and anionic hemeundecapeptides. Binding patterns did not change during the developmental periods studied. No binding sites were detected for albumin-gold complexes.
187 RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF AN EXTINCT STRAIN OF SHEEP FROM A LIMITED SUPPLY OF FROZEN SEMEN (2005)

The objective of this study was to restore a line of sheep that exhibits spontaneous X-linked factor VIII deficiency closely mimicking human hemophilia A. Six straws of frozen semen from an affected Alpine White male were obtained from Switzerland. In the first experiment the straw of semen thawed was of poor quality. Two ewes were synchronized for use as embryo donors (MOET) by means of CIDRs for 14 days and superovulated with declining doses of FSH (184 mg) twice daily for 3 days. PMSG (200 IU) was given with the final dose of FSH and 1000 IU of hCG 12 h post-CIDR removal. The ewes were surgically inseminated 24 h later. Oviducts were flushed 48 h post-insemination producing 13 unfertilized ova (UFO). Spermatozoa were used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) utilizing oocytes collected from superstimulated ewes by laporatomy. These ewes were synchronized with CIDRs (15 days) and superovulated with a declining dose of FSH (204 mg) twice daily for 3.5 days. Utilizing 236 oocytes, ICSI produced 189 embryos, an 80% embryo/oocyte rate. Embryos were transferred surgically to the oviducts of 17 synchronized recipients. Recipients were synchronized using sponges (Ovakron; Heriot Agvet, Rowville, Victoria, Australia) containing 30 mg of flugestone acetate (14 days) and given PMSG (400 IU) at sponge removal, followed by 1000 IU of hCG 12 h post-sponge removal. Eleven recipients produced 17 lambs for a lamb/embryo rate of 8.9%. The straw of semen utilized for the second experiment was of higher quality. Three ewes were superstimulated for use as MOET donors, as above, with increased doses of FSH (228 mg) and PMSG (500 IU). Donors were surgically inseminated and oviductal flushes were performed 40 h post-insemination, yielding 19 UFO and 12 embryos for an embryo/oocyte rate of 38.7%. Embryos were transferred to four recipients, synchronized as above with an increased dose of PMSG (600 IU). These MOET recipients produced nine lambs for a lamb/embryo rate of 75%. Semen was used to produce embryos via in vitro fertilization (IVF) using oocytes collected from superstimulated ewes (as above with an increase of FSH to 252 mg). IVF produced 91 embryos from 247 oocytes for an embryo/oocyte rate of 36.8%. Embryos were transferred to 20 recipients 24 to 48 h post-fertilization. Seven recipients maintained pregnancy and produced 10 lambs with a lamb/embryo rate of 11%. ICSI was also utilized, producing 54 embryos from 98 oocytes, an embryo/oocyte rate of 55.1%. Embryos were transferred to eight recipients; none maintained pregnancy. Through the use of multiple reproductive technologies, 36 lambs (22 carriers) were produced from two straws of semen. Carriers will be bred back to their sire in a similar program to produce affected lambs. The authors would like to acknowledge J. Liu and M. Ridha for their contributions. This work was supported by NIH Grant HL073737-12.
Inhibition of Leukotriene Biosynthesis by Secondary Plant Metabolites (2008)

Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of biologically highly potent mediators of inflammation, synthesised in the first metabolic step by 5-lipoxygenase from 20 carbon fatty acids, predominantly arachidonic acid. They include the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, which cause bronchoconstriction, chemotaxis and enhanced blood vessel-permeability, and therefore play a major role in asthma, and the dihydroxyeicosatetraenoate LTB4, an important mediator for acute and chronic inflammatory ailments. Inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis therefore is a promising target for combating a number of diseases. Plant secondary metabolites offer a structurally very diverse potential source of new therapeutic leads. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge of plant compounds with inhibitory effects on leukotriene metabolism, by presenting results published in the last seven years. Substances are presented with their IC50 values together with the activities of the positive controls to enable better comparability. Inhibitory effects of extracts are not discussed. Keywords: Kniphofia foliosa, Clerodane Type Diterpenes, FLAP inhibitors, Atractylodes lancea, Polyprenylated Hydroquinones, Maesanin
Capacity and Information Rates of MIMO Channels (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Capacity and Information Rates of Noisy Channels Capacity and Information Rates of AWGN and Fading Channels Capacity of MIMO Channels Constrained Signaling for MIMO Communications Discussion: Why Use MIMO Systems? Chapter Summary and Further Reading Problems
A quadratic programming approach to simultaneous buffer insertion/sizing and wire sizing (1999)

In this paper, we present a completely new approach to the problem of delay minimization by simultaneous buffer insertion and wire sizing for a wire. We show that the problem can be formulated as a convex quadratic program, which is known to be solvable in polynomial time. Nevertheless, we explore some special properties of our problem and derive an optimal and very efficient algorithm, modified active set method (MASM), to solve the resulting program. Given m buffers and a set of m discrete choices of wire width, the running time of our algorithm is O(mn/sup 2/) and is independent of the wire length in practice. For example, an instance of 100 buffers and 100 choices of wire width can be solved in 0.92 s. In addition, we extend MASM to consider simultaneous buffer insertion, buffer sizing, and wire sizing. The resulting algorithm MASM-BS is again optimal and very efficient. For example, with six choices of buffer size and 10 choices of wire width, the optimal solution for a 15000 /spl mu/m long wire can be found in 0.05 s. Besides, our formulation is so versatile that it is easy to consider other objectives like wire area or power dissipation, or to add constraints to the solution. Also, wire capacitance lookup tables, or very general wire capacitance models which can capture area capacitance, fringing capacitance, coupling capacitance, etc. can be used.
Dyspermia and testicular artery peak systolic velocity. (2002)

RI and PSV proved to be a reliable tool to be routinely used in the clinical study of infertile/dyspermic males, whereas EDV, FSH and testicle volume did not.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF VINYLBORONIC ACIDS WITH VINYLMERCURIC ACETATES; A NEW SYNTHESIS OF DIVINYLMERCURIALS (1985)

Abstract Die Darstellung der symmetrischen Di‐vinyl‐quecksilber‐Verbindungen (IV) aus den entsprechenden Boronsäuren (I) und Quecksilberacetat (II) wird beschrieben.
Virtual speed sensors using transit vehicles as traffic probes (2003)

In this paper, we present algorithms that use transit vehicles as probes for determining traffic speeds along freeways and other primary arterials. We describe a system of "virtual" probe sensors that measure transit vehicle speeds using automatic vehicle location system (AVL) tracking data. Examples showing the correlation between probe data and inductance loop spend trap data are presented. In addition, virtual sensor data, produced using transit vehicles as probes, is compared with inductance loop speeds during incidents identified in the DOT incident log. These comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of virtual sensors based on using transit vehicles as traffic probes.
Sensitivity analysis in passive vibration control (2014)

The achievable dynamic performance in high-precision systems by applying light and stiff design principles is reaching its limits. To further increase performance, better insight is needed in the cause and effect of the systems modeshapes and forced vibrations. In this way, transfer functions between actuator/excitation sources and sensor locations/point of interest can be optimized specifically, instead of just pushing for the highest first resonance frequency on system level. The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of the dynamic behavior of a structure and to provide methods for improving the dynamic response by applying sensitivity analysis. This is realized by first investigating the existing methods to derive the sensitivity values of structural response functions that characterize the dynamic behavior. With this knowledge on computational methods, the investigation proceeds with a focus on design variables. It is shown that the element-wise design variables can be assembled into a vector. This vector then describes a global design change. By doing so, the number of design variables is effectively decreased without loosing the ability to reach an optimal solution. Reducing both the design space and the solution space has led to the development of an estimation procedure for 1D structures. With this method the required structural change that leads to an intended modeshape modification can be estimated. In three case studies sensitivity analysis was employed in the evaluation of a conceptual design of a mechatronic system. The application of sensitivity analysis in the first case study resulted in a significant improvement for the rejection of floor vibrations. However, it was also shown that such an improvement could not be obtained for a coordinate direction in which a controller is present. In the second and third case study, a method for connecting two components was developed. The method uses the nodal points of one component as connection locations. Combining both the static and dynamic nodal points led to a minimization of the energy transfer between the two. The development of a demonstrator must validate the concept. By studying the sensitivity of the nodal points two tuning parameters were identified, namely force distributions and addition of lumped masses. They created the possibility to show the effect of the optimization that uses the nodal points. Furthermore, the method of tuning for optimal dynamic response could be the next step in mastering dynamic behavior.
Three-dimensional structure of the anthrax toxin pore inserted into lipid nanodiscs and lipid vesicles (2010)

A major goal in understanding the pathogenesis of the anthrax bacillus is to determine how the protective antigen (PA) pore mediates translocation of the enzymatic components of anthrax toxin across membranes. To obtain structural insights into this mechanism, we constructed PA-pore membrane complexes and visualized them by using negative-stain electron microscopy. Two populations of PA pores were visualized in membranes, vesicle-inserted and nanodisc-inserted, allowing us to reconstruct two virtually identical PA-pore structures at 22-A resolution. Reconstruction of a domain 4-truncated PA pore inserted into nanodiscs showed that this domain does not significantly influence pore structure. Normal mode flexible fitting of the x-ray crystallographic coordinates of the PA prepore indicated that a prominent flange observed within the pore lumen is formed by the convergence of mobile loops carrying Phe427, a residue known to catalyze protein translocation. Our results have identified the location of a crucial functional element of the PA pore and documented the value of combining nanodisc technology with electron microscopy to examine the structures of membrane-interactive proteins.
Domain Adaptation for Enhancing Speech-Based Depression Detection in Natural Environmental Conditions Using Dilated CNNs (2020)

Depression disorders are a major growing concern worldwide, especially given the unmet need for widely deployable depression screening for use in real-world environments. Speech-based depression screening technologies have shown promising results, but primarily in systems that are trained using laboratory-based recorded speech. They do not generalize well on data from more naturalistic settings. This paper addresses the generalizability issue by proposing multiple adaptation strategies that update pre-trained models based on a dilated convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, which improve depression detection performance in both clean and naturalistic environments. Experimental results on two depression corpora show that feature representations in CNN layers need to be adapted to accommodate environmental changes, and that increases in data quantity and quality are helpful for pre-training models for adaptation. The cross-corpus adapted systems produce relative improvements of 29.4% and 17.2% in unweighted average recall over non-adapted systems for both clean and naturalistic corpora, respectively.
WLC37-5: On Partial Transmit Sequences to Reduce PAR in OFDM Systems (2006)

This paper takes a fresh look at peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) using partial transmit sequences (PTS). In particular, the two major drawbacks of PTS, its high complexity when searching for a "good" solution and the need to transfer side information (SI) to the receiver are addressed. Reformulating PTS as a combinatorial optimization (CO) problem enables us to apply various efficient search strategies from the CO literature to PTS. We also incorporate an approximation of the PTS objective function to further reduce the overall complexity. Finally, we propose an implicit SI embedding scheme. This low-complexity scheme requires minimal redundancy and has minimal effect on the overall performance of the OFDM system.
Synthesis and Properties of Highly Hindered Aliphatic Acids (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Properties of Highly Hindered Aliphatic AcidsMelvin S. Newman and Tadamichi. FukunagaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 8, 1176–1178Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00891a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00891a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Khazana: A Flexible Wide Area Data Store (2003)

Objective To determine and discuss cancer mortality rates in southern Brazil between 1988 and 2012. Methods This was a critical review of literature based on analysis of data concerning incidence and mortality of prostate cancer, breast cancer, bronchial and lung cancer, and uterine and ovarian cancer. Data were collected from the online database of the Brazil Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Results The southern Brazil is the leading region of cancer incidence and mortality. Data on the cancer profile of this population are scarce especially in the States of Santa Catarina and Paraná. We observed inconsistency between data from hospital registers and death recorded. Conclusion Both cancer incidence and the mortality are high in Brazil. In addition, Brazil has great numbers of registers and deaths for cancer compared to worldwide rates. Regional risk factors might explain the high cancer rates.
Review Articles: Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Significance of Nuclear Grooves in Thyroid and Other Sites (2008)

Nuclear grooves are longitudinal invaginations of the nuclear envelope bilayer, which constitute a characteristic feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Their pathogenesis is not yet clear, but there is evidence for the involvement of a signaling pathway downstream of the protooncogene RET. The presence of nuclear grooves is not specific for papillary thyroid carcinoma because it has been documented in other types of thyroid neoplasms, in nonneoplastic thyroid lesions, in ovarian neoplasms (Brenner, adult granulosa cell, and transitional cell tumors), in breast carcinomas, in cervicovaginal and endometrial smears, in papillary neoplasms of several organs (such as papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, papillary renal cell carcinoma, papillary endometrioid carcinoma of the prostate), in thymic carcinomas, and in nonepithelial tumors.