gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimization of phase errors in long fiber Bragg grating phase masks made using electron beam lithography (1996)

Centimeter-long fiber Bragg grating phase masks having several thousand periods are fabricated using electron beam lithography and require the stitching together of many electron beam writing fields. Two techniques are used to minimize the effect of phase errors arising from the stitching process. Fiber Bragg gratings with more than 99.9% reflectivity are photoimprinted using the phase masks and near perfect spectral response is obtained in spite of stitching errors.
Calculation of Multicomponent Mass Transfer between Dispersed and Continuous Phases (2001)

In many industrially important unit operations, mass transfer between dispersed and continuous phases takes place. The accurate and fast solution of the mass transfer model equations is essential in order to design these unit operations accurately.\n\nThe mass transfer rate between phases is calculated in two parts. The first part is to solve the interphasial mass transfer fluxes. With multicomponent systems, this is best done with the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion model along with a mass transfer model. The other part is to calculate the mass transfer area between the phases. This can be done with population balance models, preferably with a flow model that discriminates various regions of the modeled system. The flow model is needed if the phenomena affecting the development of the mass transfer area are not homogeneous in separate parts of the considered region. The mass transfer rate needed in the material balances is then a product of the mass transfer fluxes and the mass transfer area.\n\nThe mass transfer calculations with the Maxwell-Stefan model leads to complicated matrix function calculations. This is very time consuming because these models need to be solved many times during the solution of a unit operation or reactor model. Two simplifications to these complicated functions are presented in this work. The first is a method to calculate general matrix functions related to the multicomponent mass transfer models approximately. It is based on the fact that the diffusion coefficient matrices have larger diagonal than off-diagonal elements. The other approximation is a linearization of the high flux correction. The applicability of these two approximations, along with other modeling aspects, is considered with a distillation tray model. An approximation was also presented in this work for calculating diffusion, and further the mass transfer coefficients, within spherical particles.\n\nA population balance approach is used with a stirred tank flow model to calculate drop size distributions in liquid-liquid dispersions. In order to test the applicability of the flow model with population balances, drop size distributions are measured and the drop breakage and coalescence function parameter values are estimated. The inhomogeneous character of the dispersion in a stirred tank can be used in the parameter estimation process.
Isolation ofCandida famatafrom a Patient with Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (2005)

The etiology of a number of retinopathies, such as acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), remains undetermined. Candida famata was isolated from conjunctival exudates of a patient diagnosed with AZOOR. This yeast was very abundant, particularly in the more affected eye, while no other pathogens or fungal species were in evidence. Immunological tests revealed the presence of antigen-specific T lymphocytes by using C. famata as a challenge. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed the presence of specific antibodies against this yeast in the patient's blood. Delayed hypersensitivity by use of a skin test was also positive. Finally, antifungal treatments led to improvements in several clinical symptoms, including funduscopic analysis. However, despite prolonged treatment with fluconazole and itraconazole, C. famata still appeared in the conjunctival exudates. The new antifungal voriconazole may represent a better choice for treatment.
Investigation of a 1D GaAs-GaAIAs Multiple Quantum Wells Spatial Light Modulator (1988)

Semiconductors multiple quantum wells (MQW’s) are promising optical materials for their fast response speed, their tailorable optical properties and their technological compatibility with electronic circuits.
Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Rabies (2008)

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains an important public health problem worldwide and causes more than 70,000 human deaths each year. The causative agent of rabies is rabies virus (RV), a negative-stranded RNA virus of the rhabdovirus family. Neuroinvasiveness and neurotropism are the main features that define the pathogenesis of rabies. Although RV pathogenicity is a multigenic trait involving several elements of the RV genome, the RV glycoprotein plays a major role in RV pathogenesis by controlling the rate of virus uptake and trans-synaptic virus spread, and by regulating the rate of virus replication. Pathogenic street RV strains differ significantly from tissue culture-adapted RV strains in their neuroinvasiveness. Whereas street RV strains are highly neuroinvasive, most tissue culture-adapted RV strains have either no or only limited ability to invade the CNS from a peripheral site. The high neuroinvasiveness of pathogenic street RVs is, at least in part, due to their ability to evade immune responses and to conserve the structures of neurons. The finding that tissue culture-adapted RV strains replicate very fast and induce strong innate and adaptive immune responses opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention against rabies.
[Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA in amniotic fluid of gravida infected by hepatitis C virus]. (2002)

HCV RNA was rarely detected in amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid is not the main route of HCV mother-to-infant transmission.
Similarity Learning for Authorship Verification in Social Media (2019)

Authorship verification tries to answer the question if two documents with unknown authors were written by the same author or not. A range of successful technical approaches has been proposed for this task, many of which are based on traditional linguistic features such as n-grams. These algorithms achieve good results for certain types of written documents like books and novels. Forensic authorship verification for social media, however, is a much more challenging task since messages tend to be relatively short, with a large variety of different genres and topics. At this point, traditional methods based on features like n-grams have had limited success. In this work, we propose a new neural network topology for similarity learning that significantly improves the performance on the author verification task with such challenging data sets.
Dynamics of the Ternary Complex Formed by c-Myc Interactor JPO2, Transcriptional Co-activator LEDGF/p75, and Chromatin (2014)

Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a transcriptional co-activator involved in targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integration and the development of MLL fusion-mediated acute leukemia. A previous study revealed that LEDGF/p75 dynamically scans the chromatin, and upon interaction with HIV-1 integrase, their complex is locked on chromatin. At present, it is not known whether LEDGF/p75-mediated chromatin locking is typical for interacting proteins. Here, we employed continuous photobleaching and fluorescence correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy to investigate in vivo chromatin binding of JPO2, a LEDGF/p75- and c-Myc-interacting protein involved in transcriptional regulation. In the absence of LEDGF/p75, JPO2 performs chromatin scanning inherent to transcription factors. However, whereas the dynamics of JPO2 chromatin binding are decelerated upon interaction with LEDGF/p75, very strong locking of their complex onto chromatin is absent. Similar results were obtained with the domesticated transposase PogZ, another cellular interaction partner of LEDGF/p75. We furthermore show that diffusive JPO2 can oligomerize; that JPO2 and LEDGF/p75 interact directly and specifically in vivo through the specific interaction domain of JPO2 and the C-terminal domain of LEDGF/p75, comprising the integrase-binding domain; and that modulation of JPO2 dynamics requires a functional PWWP domain in LEDGF/p75. Our results suggest that the dynamics of the LEDGF/p75-chromatin interaction depend on the specific partner and that strong chromatin locking is not a property of all LEDGF/p75-binding proteins.
Enhancing Spin Transfer Torque in Magnetic Tunnel Junction Devices: Exploring the Influence of Capping Layer Materials and Thickness on Device Characteristics (2023)

We have developed and optimized two categories of spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs) that exhibit a high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio, low critical current, high outputpower in the micro watt range, and auto-oscillation behavior. These characteristics demonstrate the potential of STT-MTJs for low-power, high-speed, and reliable spintronic applications, including magnetic memory, logic, and signal processing. The only distinguishing factor between the two categories, denoted as A-MTJs and B-MTJs, is the composition of their free layers, 2 CoFeB/0.21 Ta/6 CoFeSiB for A-MTJs and 2 CoFeB/0.21 Ta/7 NiFe for B-MTJs. Our study reveals that B-MTJs exhibit lower critical currents for auto-oscillation than A-MTJs. We found that both stacks have comparable saturation magnetization and anisotropy field, suggesting that the difference in auto-oscillation behavior is due to the higher damping of A-MTJs compared to B-MTJs. To verify this hypothesis, we employed the all-optical time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE) technique, which confirmed that STT-MTJs with lower damping exhibited auto-oscillation at lower critical current values. Additionally, our study aimed to optimize the STT-MTJ performance by investigating the impact of the capping layer on the device's response to electronic and optical stimuli.
Generation of Structured Light via Nano Structures and Applications (2020)

The generation of structured light by means of metasurfaces is presented and the applications in the characterizations of polarization rotation and Pancharatnam-Berry phase are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Parallel Synthesis of Combinatorial Libraries of Substituted 3‐Thio‐1,2,4‐triazoles and 2‐Thioimidazoles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultrathin high-efficiency X-band reflective polarization converter using sunken double arrowhead metasurface (2016)

In this paper, an ultrathin and high efficiency linear reflective polarization converter is proposed for X-band using dual resonant metasurface. It offers 42% (8 GHz-12.2 GHz) fractional bandwidth with over 80% polarization conversion efficiency, while it is only λ/18.75 thick at the mid operating frequency. The polarization converter is insensitive to variation of incident angle for both the TE and TM polarized waves. Furthermore, exact expressions are given to calculate co- and cross-polarized reflections using decomposed u- and v-polarized incidence method of analysis. The measurement results show good agreement with numerically simulated and theoretically calculated results.
FEIBA safety and tolerability profile (2006)

Summary. The activated prothrombin complex concentrate, FEIBA, has been used for more than 30 years to treat or prevent bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients with high‐titre alloantibodies or individuals with autoantibodies to factor VIII. Rigorous plasma screening combined with robust viral inactivation and removal have enhanced the viral safety of the current commercially available FEIBA vapour‐heated formulation and minimized the risk of pathogen transmission associated with plasma‐derived therapeutics. Furthermore, when FEIBA is used according to the recommended dosing guidelines, clinical data show it is safe and well tolerated and has a very low risk of thrombotic adverse events.
The VT1 Shape Memory Alloy Heat Engine Design (2001)

The invention of shape memory alloys spurred a period of intense interest in the area of heat engines in the late 70&amp;apos;s and early 80&amp;apos;s. It was believed that these engines could use heat from low temperature sources such as solar heated water, geothermal hot water and rejected heat from conventional engines as a significant source of power. The interest has since dwindled, largely because small prototype devices developed in the laboratory could not be scaled up to produce significant power. It is believed that the scaled-up designs failed because they were dependent on friction as the driving mechanism, which led to large energy losses and slip. This thesis proposes a new chain and sprocket driving mechanism that is independent of friction and should therefore allow for large-scale power generation. This thesis begins by presenting properties and applications of shape memory alloys. The proposed design is then described in detail, followed by a review of the evolution that led to the final design. A brief chapter on thermodynamic modeling and a summary chapter suggesting improvements on the current design follow.
Antimicrobial effects of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in vivo and in vitro (1996)

We investigated the antimicrobial effects of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in vivo and in vitro. First, Staphylococcus aureus samples were obtained using stamp agar medium from inflammatory lesions of 29 adult patients with atopic dermatitis before and after a single photochemotherapy. Therapy was oral PUVA (30 mg 8-methoxypsoralen, 8MOP plus 5J/cm2 UVA), topical PUVA (0.3% 8MOP plus 200 mJ/cm2 UVA) or UVB (80 mJ/cm2) irradiation. The number of S. aureus on the lesions was significantly reduced, even after a single treatment with all therapies. Reductions (mean +/- SD) were 69.3 +/- 26.9%, 76.3 +/- 31.3% and 83.8 +/- 18.5%, respectively. Secondly, we investigated the effect of PUVA (0.001% 8MOP plus 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mJ/cm2 UVA) and UVB (10, 30, 50, or 100 mJ/cm2) irradiation on the proliferation of S. aureus in vitro. PUVA and UVB treatment markedly inhibited the proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. These results seem to indicate the possibility that the antimicrobial effect of UV radiation contributes to successful photochemotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis.
HydroGEN: Low-Temperature Electrolysis (LTE) and LTE/Hybrid Supernode (2021)

Overview of the HydroGEN Advanced Water Splitting Materials consortium's low-temperature electrolysis activities and accomplishments in fiscal year 2020.
Horn clauses and database dependencies (1982)

Certain first-order sentences, called "dependencies," about relations in a database are defined and studied. These dependencies seem to include all prewously defined dependencies as special cases A new concept is mtroduced, called "faithfulness (with respect to direct product)," which enables powerful results to be proved about the existence of "Armstrong relations" in the presence of these new dependencies. (An Armstrong relaUon is a relation that obeys precisely those dependencies that are the logical consequences of a given set of dependencies.) Results are also obtained about characterizing the class of projections of those relations that obey a given set of dependencies.
Comparison of water influx and sieving coefficient in rat jejunal, rectal and nasal absorptions of antipyrine. (1985)

Permeability characteristics in rat jejunal, rectal and nasal absorption of antipyrine (AP) are discussed in terms of water influx and sieving coefficients. The sieving coefficient in nasal absorption was less than half of those in jejunal and rectal absorptions, which were not significantly different from each other. Apparent water influx in the jejunum was twice that in the rectum, and that in the nose was approximately three times larger than that in the jejunum. The pore size of the water channels in each site was calculated from the sieving coefficient and molecular radius of AP by using the modified Levitt equation. It was concluded that : (1) the nasal membrane is composed of smaller-sized pores but is richer in water channel distribution than the jejunal membrane ; (2) the rectal membrane has similar-sized pores to the jejunal membrane but the water channel distribution is poorer.
Effects of Paper on Color Reproduction Quality in Ink-Jet Printing (2013)

In digital printing process, the color reproduction quality is no longer determined by printing sequence, trapping, solid density and etc., since the technique is different from traditional printing technology. In order to analyze the effects of paper on color reproduction quality in digital ink-jet printing, three kinds of commercial paper were selected and a set of experiments were carried out by using color management technique to simulate the digital proofing. The density and chromaticity of both primary color and composite color in each printed were measured. The effects of paper’s characters on shadow, mid-tone and highlight were analyzed and discussed. Finally the influence on color reproduction quality principle, including chromaticity and absorbing characteristics of paper, was revealed. The conclusion has certain significance in directive function in ink-jet printing.
Vanishing twin syndrome is associated with first-trimester intrauterine hematoma in twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (2023)

First-trimester intrauterine hematoma (IUH) following double embryo transfer is associated with a higher incidence of vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) and elevated subsequent risk of threatened abortion, preterm birth, and postpartum hemorrhage in the surviving singleton. Other perinatal outcomes were not associated with the diagnosis of first-trimester IUH. The absence of fetal cardiac activities at the diagnosis of IUH was of predictive value toward VTS, while an IUH with an increasing size was associated with threatened abortion without elevating the risk of VTS. Incomplete fetal cardiac activities and earlier detection of an IUH might also predict miscarriage at smaller gestational age.
Halo-free quantitative phase imaging with partially coherent light (2015)

We provide a quantitative model for image formation in common-path QPI systems under partially coherent illumination. Our model is capable of explaining the phase reduction phenomenon and halo effect in phase measurements. We further show how to fix these phenomena with a novel iterative post-processing algorithm. Halo-free and correct phase images of nanopillars and live cells are used to demonstrate the validity of our method.
Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed Compacts Made by Alumina Particle Dispersion Magnesium Powders (2012)

To enhance the mechanical properties of Mg alloys, powders of pure Mg (Al 2 O 3 /Mg) dispersed with over 10 vol% Al 2 O 3 particles were formed by ball milling powder mixtures of pure Mg and Al 2 O 3 particles with particle sizes of 0.3 and 1 μm. The effect of the Al 2 O 3 content of hot-pressed discs of Al 2 O 3 /Mg powders on the mechanical properties was investigated. The hardness increased sharply at certain Al 2 O 3 content. This is considered to be because of the development of Al 2 O 3 particle strengthening due to the excellent interfacial bonding between Mg and Al 2 O 3 particles when the Al 2 O 3 /Mg discs contain a sufficient amount of Al 2 O 3 particles and have a sufficient interparticle distance. The maximum hardness was 220 HV. The tensile strength increased as Al 2 O 3 content was increased. The Al 2 O 3 /Mg plate with Al 2 O 3 particles sizes of 0.3 and 1 μm indicated maximum values of the bending strength at 10 and 14vol%Al 2 O 3 content, respectively.
Handbook of Optical Sensors (2014)

Preface Editors Contributors Section I: Optical Sensing and Measurement Overview of Optical Sensing Jose Luis Santos and Faramarz Farahi Principles of Optical Metrology Angela Davies Section II: Optical Measurement Principles and Techniques Optical Waveguide Sensors Bishnu P. Pal Intensity Measurements: Principles and Techniques Carmen Vazquez Interferometric Measurement: Principles and Techniques Mehrdad Abolbashari, Faramarz Farahi, and Jose Luis Santos Fluorescence Measurement: Principles and Techniques Pedro Alberto da Silva Jorge Surface Plasmon Measurement: Principles and Techniques Banshi D. Gupta and Rajan Jha Adaptive Optics and Wavefront Sensing Robert K. Tyson Multiphoton Microscopy Kert Edward Imaging Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Shahab Chitchian and Nathaniel M. Fried Section III: Fiber-Optic Sensors Fiber Sensing: A Historic Overview Orlando Frazao Optical Fibers Marco N. Petrovich Point Sensors: Intensity Sensors Jose Manuel Baptista Point Sensors: Interferometric Sensors William N. MacPherson Fiber-Optic Sensor Multiplexing Principles Geoffrey A. Cranch Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Light Scattering in Optical Fibers Xiaoyi Bao, Wenhai Li, and Liang Chen Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors David Webb Optical Fiber Chemical Sensor Principles and Applications Tong Sun, T.H. Nguyen, and Kenneth T.V. Grattan Industrial Fiber Strain Gauge Sensors Francisco Araujo and Luis Ferreira Standardization and Its Impact on Measurement Reliability Wolfgang R. Habel Section IV: The Dynamic Field of Optical Sensing Optical Sensors: Final Thoughts Jose Luis Santos and Faramarz Farahi Index
[Preparation of the scrotal skin for urethroplasty: depilation technique]. (1997)

The scrotal skin depilated provides excellent flaps for reconstructive surgery of complex urethral strictures, specially those extending beyond the penoscrotal angle up to the membranous and prostatic inframontanum portion.
Carbon source dependent promoters in yeasts (2014)

Budding yeasts are important expression hosts for the production of recombinant proteins.The choice of the right promoter is a crucial point for efficient gene expression, as most regulations take place at the transcriptional level. A wide and constantly increasing range of inducible, derepressed and constitutive promoters have been applied for gene expression in yeasts in the past; their different behaviours were a reflection of the different needs of individual processes.Within this review we summarize the majority of the large available set of carbon source dependent promoters for protein expression in yeasts, either induced or derepressed by the particular carbon source provided. We examined the most common derepressed promoters for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts, and described carbon source inducible promoters and promoters induced by non-sugar carbon sources. A special focus is given to promoters that are activated as soon as glucose is depleted, since such promoters can be very effective and offer an uncomplicated and scalable cultivation procedure.