gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power and energy scaling of rod-type cryogenic Yb:YLF regenerativeamplifiers (2020)

We numerically investigate the power and energy scaling potential of cryogenic Yb:YLF regenerative amplifiers in rod geometry. Our approach is based on solving the coupled set of equations describing thermal behavior of the material and its effect on spectroscopic properties, gain, and overall amplification. The approach is first benchmarked with earlier experimental data. By carefully analyzing the sensitivity of the system to operation parameters, we see that the relatively low gain nature of the Yb:YLF and the onset of thermal effects are the main factors that limited the performance in earlier experimental work. We show that usage of dual-rod geometry promises much improved performance. Specifically, we demonstrate that sub-250 fs pulses with an average power of up to 270 W and a peak power above 500 GW can be extracted directly from a single-stage Yb:YLF regenerative amplifier employing dual Yb:YLF rods. We further show that by adjusting the spot size in the regenerative amplifier, one can operate the amplifier in either high-energy mode ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at 1 kHz) or high-average-power mode ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>25</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at 10 kHz, with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>250</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">W</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). We also discuss pros and cons of Yb:YLF with respect to Yb:YAG, and underline the need for measurement of population and photo-elastic-effect-induced lensing in Yb:YLF to obtain a better understanding of Yb:YLF systems. The findings presented in this work can be used for the design and development of next-generation high-average and peak-power Yb:YLF amplifier systems.
Dealing With Speckle Effects in Self-Mixing Interferometry Measurements (2013)

An analysis of speckle effects and the techniques to overcome them in self-mixing interferometry signals is presented. We characterize the effect of surface roughness and laser spot size on the speckle modulation of the signal, and then propose two simple experimental approaches to overcome the amplitude fading induced by the speckle effect. Unlike the techniques proposed until now, our first approach uses an adaptive optical element in the form of a voltage-programmable liquid lens, which adaptively changes its focal length to modify the speckle pattern. Our second approach combines two laser signals which present different performance parameters. By using any of these simple methods, the introduction of inaccuracies in the measurement process due to speckle is avoided.
Assembly of Microsized Colloidal Particles on Electrostatic Regions Patterned through Ion Beam Irradiation (2002)

The fabrication of microstructures with micrometer and submicrometer scale patterns is of importance in wide fields of applications, such as electronics, photonics, magnetics, microactuators, and biochemical devices. In this paper, a novel assembly method of particles based on electrostatic force is proposed and subjected to examination. A positively electrified and stable pattern was formed on an insulating substrate by drawing with a focused ion beam. The substrate was immersed in a suspension in which microsized particles were dispersed in a nonpolar solvent. The particles were selectively deposited on the electrified pattern and were fixed on the substrate by heating. The developed method based on an electrophotographic technique enables fabricating microstructures assembled with micrometer particles.
A Hybrid Geometric Modeling Method for Large Scale Conformal Cellular Structures (2005)

This paper presents a hybrid geometric modeling method to create CAD models of large-scale conformal cellular structures effectively and efficiently. Cellular material structures can be engineered at the mesoscopic scale for high performance and multi-functional capabilities. One type of cellular structure is conformal lightweight truss. A simple method of constructing models of uniform trusses is to pattern unit cells linearly within a CAD system. However, by orienting strut directions and adjusting strut sizes, such trusses can be optimized to achieve superior strength, stiffness, and weight characteristics. For large truss structures, computational and storage complexities cause difficulties in CAD system modeling. In this paper, a new hybrid geometric modeling approach of directly creating tessellated models is developed to automate the geometric modeling process of conformal truss structures efficiently. This modeling approach is intended to support the design, analysis, optimization, and manufacture of conformal truss structures. Examples are presented and the computational efficiency of the hybrid method is compared with the approach of creating the complete solid model of cellular structures.
Voiding Pattern Analysis as a Surrogate for Cystometric Evaluation in Uroplakin II Knockout Mice (2008)

Ultraviolet visualization of urinary voiding patterns of mice correlated well with certain measures of standard cystometric evaluations. As such, this method provides a simple, noninvasive method of evaluating mouse bladder function. Implementation of this methodology, which can potentially be automated for high throughput analysis, can accelerate the development of novel therapy for certain important aspects of bladder disease/dysfunction.
Toward a Molecular Theory of Homogeneous Bubble Nucleation: II. Calculation of the Number Density of Critical Nuclei and the Rate of Nucleation B (2013)

In the present paper, we develop a method to calculate the rate of homogeneous bubble nucleation within a superheated L-J liquid based on the (n,v) equilibrium embryo free energy surface introduced in the first paper (DOI: 10.1021/jp404149n). We express the nucleation rate as the product of the concentration of critical nuclei within the metastable liquid phase and the relevant forward rate coefficient. We calculate the forward rate coefficient of the critical nuclei from their average lifetime as determined from MD simulations of a large number of embryo trajectories initiated from the transitional region of the metastable liquid configuration space. Therefore, the proposed rate coefficient does not rely on any predefined reaction coordinate. In our model, the critical nuclei belong to the region of the configuration space where the committor probability is about one-half, guaranteeing the dynamical relevance of the proposed embryos. One novel characteristic of our approach is that we define a limit for the configuration space of the equilibrium metastable phase and do not include the configurations that have zero committor probability in the nucleation free energy surface. Furthermore, in order to take into account the transitional degrees of freedom of the critical nuclei, we develop a simulation-based approach for rigorously mapping the free energy of the (n,v) equilibrium embryos to the concentration of the critical nuclei within the bulk metastable liquid phase.
A numerical investigation on the track distortion at the Micromegas based LPTPC endplate (2020)

Abstract The R&amp;D activities for the Linear Collider TPC (LCTPC) are currently focused on the adoption of the Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs). Different MPGD modules which are commissioned on the endplate of a Large Prototype TPC (LPTPC) at DESY, were tested with a 5 GeV electron beam, under a 1 T magnetic field. During the tests, reduced signal sensitivity as well as distortion in the reconstructed track, were observed at the boundary of these modules. We have numerically investigated the origin of the track distortions observed close to the edges of the Micromegas modules. The study clearly shows that the electric field non-uniformity near the inter-modular gaps is responsible for such track distortion. We have been able to simulate the observed patterns and magnitudes of distortion successfully. The obtained agreements with 2015 beam test data encourage us to continue with the study and, to propose module design modifications that can alleviate the problem of electrostatic field distortion at the module boundaries.
Image protection via watermarking on perceptually significant wavelet coefficients (2002)

A new scheme to search perceptually significant wavelet coefficients for effective digital watermark casting is proposed in this research. Unlike other watermark casting algorithms, which select a fixed set of DCT or wavelet coefficients in the frequency domain, we use an adaptive method to find significant subbands and a number of coefficients in these subbands. The resulting method is image dependent. Furthermore, the threshold of the selected subband is used as one of the energy weighting factors in the generation of a broadband watermark so that it cannot be easily damaged by frequency-selective filtering, DCT or wavelet based compression attack.
Subaperture image segmentation for lossless compression (2017)

The paper proposes an image segmentation method for lossless compression of plenoptic images. Each light-field image captured by the plenoptic camera is processed to obtain a stack of subaperture images. Each subaperture image is encoded by using a gradient-base detector which classifies the image edges and designs refined contexts for an improved prediction and segmentation. The paper's main contribution is a new segmentation method which generates a preliminary segmentation, either by scaling the intensity differences or by using a quantum cut based algorithm, and merges it with an edge ranking-based segmentation. The results show around 2% improved performance compared to the state-of-the-art for a dataset of 118 plenoptic images.
All oral fixed-dose combination Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir with or without Ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks in treatment-naive genotype 1 HCV-infected patients: the phase 3 ION-1 study (2014)

Background and aims: The Phase 3 ION-1 study is evaluating whether the fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir 400 mg/ledipasvir 90 mg (SOF/LDV) can effectively treat a population of treatment-naïve patients with genotype 1 HCV-infection and to determine if ribavirin (RBV) or longer treatment duration is required to achieve a high SVR rate.
Exenteration as palliation for patients with advanced pelvic malignancy (1995)

Our results confirm that with careful selection and appropriate multi-specialty care, aggressive pelvic surgery is of value in the palliation of some tumours.
PALSAR Calibration Results from Sweden (2008)

As part of a worldwide calibration and validation campaign for the Japanese Advanced LandObserving Satellite a calibration analysis of the Phased Array type Polarimetric SAR (PALSAR)was performed. Four 5 m large trihedral corner reflectors were deployed in southern Swedenand were imaged by PALSAR on numerous occasions. The results show that the pre launchspecifications are more than met, both for the radiometric and polarimetric performance. Inparticular, the absolute radiometric accuracy in this data set was found to be better than 0.5 dB,and the cross talk was estimated to be below -35 dB.
Cell wall and phospholipid composition and their contribution to the salt tolerance of Halomonas elongata (1984)

The salt-tolerant bacterium Halomonas elongata makes a variety of physiological adaptations in response to increases in the salt concentration of its growth medium. The cell walls become more compact and internally coherent. The overall lipid pattern shows an increased amount of negatively charged lipids. In addition, the peptidoglycan composition of H. elongata, although not changing in response to increased NaCl, contains the hydrophobic amino acid leucine which is unique among bacterial species. The results suggest that H. elongata is able to live in a wide variety of salt concentrations because it alters its cell physiology in ways which increase both structural integrity and the amount of less-mobile, "structured" cell water, making the cells less susceptible to NaCl-induced dehydration.
Novel Approaches to Reduce Restenosis (2004)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the major technique of revascularization and is replacing cardiac bypass surgery. PCI is typically performed today with a combination of balloon dilatation and stents, with some 80% of the procedures followed by stent implantation. After balloon dilatation, an acute recoil response can be responsible for some 30% immediate loss of the vessel lumen at the end of the procedure. Restenosis is the late loss (within 6-9 months) of the lumen of the artery due to vessel shrinkage (negative remodeling) and an intense proliferative response to the local injury. Stents reduce restenosis by 30% by preventing acute recoil and reducing long-term negative arterial remodeling. Yet, long-term pressure of the stent struts against the vessel wall stimulates an increased arterial proliferative response, which is the major cause for stent restenosis. Limiting the proliferative response by local radiation (brachytherapy) have reduced restenosis, at a cost of increased late thrombogenicity and delayed vessel healing. Drug-eluting stents have shown extremely promising results in limiting restenosis. Rapamycin and paclitaxel are the major drugs in eluting stents in clinical use today, having reduced restenosis to less than 10%. Local cellular and genetic therapy approaches are currently at preclinical phases. The future of percutaneous revascularization remains bright and will enhance the effectiveness of PCI as the primary revascularization therapy for coronary artery disease.
An Evaluation of Organic Vapor Passive Dosimeters Under Field Use Conditions (1981)

The advent of diffusion-type organic vapor sampling devices has made available to the industrial hygienist a tool which appears to have several significant advantages over the commonly employed charcoal tube/personal sampling pump technique. Diffusion samplers are small and light weight (providing improved wearer acceptance), require no maintenance or calibration, and do not depend upon batteries which need regular recharging. The diffusion samplers potentially offer particular benefits to the industrial hygienist who travels to a number of remote locations, or who wants relatively untrained persons at a remote location to assume responsibility for sample collection. Despite their potential advantages, diffusion samplers have received a cautious reception in the industrial hygiene community. The sampling technique that diffusion devices would supersede (charcoal tube/personal sampling pump) is widely accepted as a norm and, while it is well known that the tube/pump method does not offer ideal precision or accuracy, the sources and magnitudes of
Pleural Resident Macrophages and Pleural IRA B Cells Promote Efficient Immunity Against Pneumonia by Inducing Early Pleural Space Inflammation (2022)

Airway infection is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The identification of new mechanisms aiding in effective host immune response is therefore required. Here, we show that the specific depletion of the pleural immune cell compartment during bacterial pneumonia resulted in a reduced pulmonary immune response and increased mortality in mice. Bacterial airway infection provoked early pleural space (PS) inflammation characterized by innate response activator (IRA) B cell development and pleural large resident macrophage (LRM) necroptosis, the repopulation of LRMs being driven by cellular proliferation <i>in situ</i>. Necroptotic LRMs amplified PS inflammation by stimulating pleural Mincle-expressing macrophages whereas IRA B cells contributed partially to GM-CSF-induced PS inflammation. Upon pulmonary infection, the induction of PS inflammation resulted in reduced bacterial burden whereas the specific depletion of pleural resident macrophages led to increased mortality and bacterial burden and reduced pulmonary immunity. Moreover, mice in which B cells were unable to produce GM-CSF exhibited reduced CD103<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells and reduced CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell numbers in the draining lymph node. Altogether, our results describe a previously unrecognized mechanism of pleural space inflammation necessary for effective protection against bacterial airway infection.
Asymmetric Synthesis Using Sulfinimines (N-Sulfinyl Imines) (2005)

Abstract Sulfinimine-derived polyfunctionalized chiral building blocks, often prepared in one pot, provide efficient access, with a minimum of chemical manipulation, to enantiopure, multifunctional amine derivatives including piperidines and pyrrolidines. keywords: Alkaloids;amines;asymmetric synthesis; N-sulfinylimines;piperidine;pyrrolidine Acknowledgments This work was supported through grants from the National Institutes of General Medicinal Sciences (GM 57870 and 51982).
Insulin receptor substrate‐2 gene variants in subjects with metabolic syndrome: Association with plasma monounsaturated and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and insulin resistance (2011)

The rs2289046 polymorphism at the IRS2 gene locus may influence insulin sensitivity by interacting with certain plasma fatty acids in MetS subjects.
Regulation of the Action of Hydrocortisone in Airway Epithelial Cells by 11 β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (1999)

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) reversibly converts hydrocortisone, the predominant active endogenous glucocorticoid in humans, to its inactive metabolite cortisone by oxidizing the 11-hydroxy group to an 11-keto group. Because this enzyme is highly expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells, we hypothesized that it regulates epithelial responses to glucocorticoids by reducing levels of hydrocortisone available to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were isolated from seven autopsy specimens and cultured in F12/Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 5% fetal bovine serum until approximately 80% confluent. Cells were preincubated with 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M hydrocortisone for 24 h in the presence or absence of 10(-6) M of the 11betaHSD inhibitor glycyrrhetinic acid, after which the cells were stimulated with 5 ng/ml interleukin-1beta for 24 h. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels were quantitated in the resulting supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hydrocortisone inhibited GM-CSF release in stimulated PBEC with a concentration that produces 50% inhibition of maximum effect (IC(1/2)max) of 5.0 x 10(-8) M. In the presence of glycyrrhetinic acid, the potency of hydrocortisone was increased approximately 33-fold (IC(1/2)max with glycyrrhetinic acid, 1.5 x 10(-9) M). Hydrocortisone activity was maximally enhanced at concentrations between 10(-9) M and 10(-8) M, levels that are comparable to plasma levels of hydrocortisone not bound to plasma proteins. Glycyrrhetinic acid had no effect on the suppression of GM-CSF release by hydrocortisone in the transformed cell line BEAS-2B, which does not express the 11betaHSD enzyme. Glycyrrhetinic acid also had no effect on the inhibition of GM-CSF release in PBECs by the synthetic glucocorticoids budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, and triamcinolone acetonide, steroids not metabolized by 11betaHSD. Together, these findings suggest that metabolism of hydrocortisone by 11betaHSD may regulate glucocorticoid activity in human airway epithelial cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Thio‐Substituted 4‐Oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acids with Antibacterial Activity. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rate-distortion optimal tree algorithms for piecewise polynomials (2003)

In this paper, we are interested in a coding scheme, which achieves oracle like asymptotic rate-distortion (R-D) behavior with polynomial complexity for 1-D as well as 2-D signals. In particular, for the 1-D case we present a coding scheme which utilizes binary tree segmentation with optimal bit allocation among different segments. Investigation of the algorithm reveals the inherent weakness in the initial coding scheme, leading to a suboptimal performance. The optimal binary tree scheme in the 1-D case can be easily extended to the 2-D case as an optimal quadtree scheme with the similar computational complexity. The proposed optimal quadtree scheme also achieves the oracle like R-D performance for some simple classes of images whereas for the 2-D case there is no known algorithm achieving the right R-D behavior at reasonable computational cost.
Mobile Health Access and Utilisation in Uganda: Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Health and Veterinary Workers (2023)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite its strong growth in many parts of the world, mobile health access is still limited in low- and middle-income countries. Among the many factors restricting implementation are the lack of information security, insufficient evidence base, low sensitization, and user acceptance. Limited evidence has been obtained on current practices, perceptions, and user acceptability in such settings. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions on mobile health use among health workers and veterinary officers in Uganda. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A cross-section study was carried out, targeting health practitioners in both hospitals and veterinary laboratories/clinics. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the Central, Eastern, Northern, and Western representative regions. Interviews with selected health workers were also conducted as well as a focused group discussion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 120 health practitioners that were targeted, a total of 80 health workers and 7 veterinary practitioners participated in the study of which 46% were men and 54% women. Majority of the health workers had encountered m-health but had never used it, whereas the 15 practitioners who had used it before the survey did not use it for disease diagnosis in hospitals but used it for ordering medicine online, for patient consultations with the doctors, result interpretation, tracking women menstrual cycles, tuberculosis assessment. <b><i>Discussion and Conclusion:</i></b> Participants expressed significant interest in mobile health as it addresses key challenges including challenges with management of patient data, and long patient queues, which would ultimately improve service delivery. However, there is some skepticism about access as many rural facilities lack access to smartphones and stable internet.
A Study of 22 Anti‐HLA‐Aw33 Sera (1977)

Sera were donated by J. Dausset, C. P. Engelfriet, G. B. Ferrara, A. Govaerts, S. Hunter, V. C. Joysey, H. A. Perkins, P. Reekers, J. Vives and R. L. Walford.
Supplementary Figure 4 from TRX-E-002-1 Induces c-Jun–Dependent Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells and Prevents Recurrence <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TRX-E-002-1 given daily at 100 mg/kg is tolerated. Mice were treated i.p. daily with 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg TRX-E-002-1 . (A) change in animal weight by the end of study, * p = 0.0147; (B) WBC count, p &gt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;