gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A neutron recoil-spectrometer for measuring yield and determining liner areal densities at the Z facility (2020)

A proof-of-principle CR-39 based neutron-recoil-spectrometer was built and fielded on the Z facility. Data from this experiment match indium activation yields within a factor of 2 using simplified instrument response function models. The data also demonstrate the need for neutron shielding in order to infer liner areal densities. A new shielded design has been developed. The spectrometer is expected to achieve signal-to-background greater than 2 for the down-scattered neutron signal and greater than 30 for the primary signal.
Providing delay bounds for real-time traffic over EPONs (2007)

Since the emergence of the Ethernet-based PON technology, an increasing interest is observed regarding the issue of Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation. Several mechanisms have been proposed aiming to enhance the multiplexing techniques and the Medium Access Control protocols that have been accepted in the recent IEEE standard. In this paper we propose a new mechanism which targets strict delay bounds for real time traffic, while efficiently multiplexing multiple classes of traffic and achieving high utilization of the EPON upstream channel.
Random Trip Models (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Class of Random Trip Models Stationarity of Random Trip Models Examples of Random Trip Models References
Generation of isogenic and homozygous MEN1 mutant cell lines from patient-derived iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 (2023)

MEN1, an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1, manifests with co-occurrence of multiple endocrine/neuroendocrine neoplasms. An iPSC line derived from an index patient carrying the mutation c.1273C>T (p.Arg465*) was edited using a single multiplex CRISPR/Cas approach to create an isogenic control non-mutated line and a homozygous double mutant line. These cell lines will be useful for elucidating subcellular MEN1 pathophysiology and for screening to identify potential MEN1 therapeutic targets.
Stereoselective synthesis of alcohols, XIX. The sense of asymmetric induction on addition to α‐chiral aldehydes (1985)

Abstract On addition of ( E )‐crotylboronates to aldehydes with an α‐methyl branch the expected Cram‐products are formed predominantly. On addition of the ( Z )‐crotylboronates to the same aldehydes the anti‐Cram‐products are formed in preference. Hence, the sense of 1,2‐asymmetric induction depends also on the nature of the achiral reagent. The reasons for and the conditions leading to such a phenomenon are discussed.
Evaluation of Several TV Display System Configurations for Visual Simulation of the Landing Approach (1970)

A study has been conducted to determine the effects of several variations of two types of visual display systems on subjective pilot evaluations and objective measures of performance in the landing approach. Two types of flight approaches were made with either a projector or collimatmoed nitor visual display: 1) the instrument approach, and 2) the visual approach without the nonmal cockpit instrumentation assistance. The variables examined were color, differences between displays due to collimation, and reduced resolution. The use of color had two main effects on pilot performance in the landing approach. The touchdown distance and standard deviations increased more for the monitor displays, and the touchdown rates of descent were slightly lower. With collimation, the standard deviations of touchdown distance increased, and the rate-of-descent standard deviations decreased in a direction more favorable with the actual flight data. The time outside the glide-slope error limits was less with the monitor display, and the lateral localizer error was smaller for the projector display, because the pilots intercepted the runway center line at a greater distance from the threshold. With reduced resolution, there was a slight change in the touchdown distance and the standard deviation; for the flights made without color, the landings were predominantly to the right of the runway center line with twice the standard deviation. The pilots were more critical of the black and white variation for either display, and favored more use of a color system.
Characterization of 6α- and 6β-N-Heterocyclic Substituted Naltrexamine Derivatives as Novel Leads to Development of Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Antagonists (2011)

As important pharmacological probes, highly selective opioid receptor antagonists are essential in opioid receptor structural characterization and opioid agonist functional studies. At present, a nonpeptidyl, highly selective, and reversible mu opioid receptor antagonist is still not available. Among a series of novel naltrexamine derivatives that have been designed and synthesized following molecular modeling studies, two compounds, NAP and NAQ, were identified as leads based on the results of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological assays. Both of them displayed high binding affinity and selectivity to the mu opioid receptor. Further pharmacokinetic and functional characterization revealed that NAP seems to be a peripheral nervous system agent while NAQ seems to be a central one. Such characteristics provide two distinguished potential application routes for these two agents and their derivatives. These results also supported our hypothesis that they may serve as leads to develop more potent and selective antagonists for the mu opioid receptor.
Reprogramming by nuclear transfer in the mouse: developmental features of the embryos and stem cell derivation (2010)

National audience
Co-occurrence Filter (2017)

Co-occurrence Filter (CoF) is a boundary preserving filter. It is based on the Bilateral Filter (BF) but instead of using a Gaussian on the range values to preserve edges it relies on a co-occurrence matrix. Pixel values that co-occur frequently in the image (i.e., inside textured regions) will have a high weight in the co-occurrence matrix. This, in turn, means that such pixel pairs will be averaged and hence smoothed, regardless of their intensity differences. On the other hand, pixel values that rarely co-occur (i.e., across texture boundaries) will have a low weight in the co-occurrence matrix. As a result, they will not be averaged and the boundary between them will be preserved. The CoF therefore extends the BF to deal with boundaries, not just edges. It learns co-occurrences directly from the image. We can achieve various filtering results by directing it to learn the co-occurrence matrix from a part of the image, or a different image. We give the definition of the filter, discuss how to use it with color images and show several use cases.
Oil solubilization studies. Final report (1983)

This report covers two studies of microemulsions pursued during a two-year starter grant from DOE. The first study was concerned with the thermodynamic activity of oil solubilized into swollen micelles in the presence of oil-soluble co-surfactants. Microemulsions using acidic cosurfactants were discovered and analytical methods were developed for the determination of cosurfactant concentrations in oil with the aim of determining the partition of cosurfactants into the oily core of swollen micelles. However, it was found that the oil-soluble indicator dyes were solubilized into the interfacial film of surfactant where they sensed the acidity or basicity of the aqueous phase rather than that of micellar core. This study will be continued with FTNMR, using carbon-13 NMR shifts to determine the proportion of co-surfactants solubilized into the core of oil-swollen micelles. In the second study the flocculation of certain soap-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions in the presence of salt up to 0.5 M was found to involve the development of a middle phase (M) which spread over oil droplets and displaced the aqueous phase (W) between oil (O) droplets, since ..gamma../sub MO//sup +/..gamma../sub MW/<..gamma../sub OW/. The contact angles between adjacent oil drop interfaces with the aqueous phase theta/sub W/), discovered by Princen and Aronsonmore » can be used to measure ..gamma../sub MO/ and ..gamma../sub MW/: cos theta/sub W/ = ..gamma../sub MO//(..gamma../sub MO//sup +/..gamma../sub MW/) where the apparent O/W interface has become an O/M/W interface with the middle phase present and the apparent ..gamma../sub OW/ interfacial tension has become ..gamma../sub MO//sup +/..gamma../sub MW/. The onset, midpoint, and disappearance of the middle phase with increase in salinity is found at cos theta/sub W/=1,0, and -1. Proof of this mechanism involved small angle x-ray scattering studies of the lamella thickness between oil droplets; the 1000 A thickness refuted the previous explanation for the contact angles. 36 references, 17 figures, 5 tables.« less
Effect of Interferon Upon the Primary and Secondary Transcription of Vesicular Stomatitis and Influenza Viruses (1974)

The synthesis of viral complementary RNA by vesicular stomatitis virus in permissive cells can be distinguished operationally into two phases, primary transcription, which can be observed in cycloheximide treated cells, and secondary transcription, which represents the further synthesis of viral complementary RNA obtained in untreated cells. Pretreatment of mouse L cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts with the homologous interferon and, for chicken embryo fibroblast cells, poly(rI):poly(rC), inhibits the production of infectious virus and reduces the synthesis of viral complementary RNA to levels comparable to that obtained during primary transcription. Treatment of mouse L cells with interferon plus cycloheximide also gives levels of vesicular stomatitis viral complementary RNA synthesis comparable to that observed with the cycloheximide treatment alone. Similar results have been obtained for interferontreated cells subsequently infected with influenza virus (strain WSN). The results are interpreted as indicating that inhibition of virus development by interferon does not act at the level of primary transcription but rather at an intermediate step between primary and secondary transcription, such as viral protein synthesis.
Bidirectional-Convolutional LSTM Based Spectral-Spatial Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification (2017)

This paper proposes a novel deep learning framework named bidirectional-convolutional long short term memory (Bi-CLSTM) network to automatically learn the spectral-spatial feature from hyperspectral images (HSIs). In the network, the issue of spectral feature extraction is considered as a sequence learning problem, and a recurrent connection operator across the spectral domain is used to address it. Meanwhile, inspired from the widely used convolutional neural network (CNN), a convolution operator across the spatial domain is incorporated into the network to extract the spatial feature. Besides, to sufficiently capture the spectral information, a bidirectional recurrent connection is proposed. In the classification phase, the learned features are concatenated into a vector and fed to a softmax classifier via a fully-connected operator. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed Bi-CLSTM framework, we compare it with several state-of-the-art methods, including the CNN framework, on three widely used HSIs. The obtained results show that Bi-CLSTM can improve the classification performance as compared to other methods.
Protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract against bromobenzene-induced liver injury in mice (2010)

In the present study, hepatoprotective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract was investigated in mice. Animals were divided into six groups receiving normal saline (1), bromobenzene (460 mg/kg) alone (2) and together with increasing doses (200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg) of a crude hydro-alcoholic extract of Cassia fistula fruit (3-6, respectively). All administrations were carried out orally, daily, for 10 days. On the 11th day, animals were sacrificed. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) were determined; serum levels of direct and total bilirubin were measured; furthermore, livers were prepared for histological examination. Our results showed that bromobenzene treatment alone elicited a significant increase in activities of AST, ALT, ALP (but not γGT), and it significantly elevated the levels of direct and total bilirubin. Co-treatment with Cassia fistula fruit extract, however, significantly and dose-dependently decreased the above-mentioned enzyme activities (with exception of γGT) and bilirubin levels, producing a recovery to the naive state. The protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract against liver injury evoked by bromobenzene was confirmed by histological examination as well. In conclusion, the Cassia fistula fruit extract has significant hepatoprotective effect in our murine model.
Simple 3D validation experiments for PRESAGETM/optical-CT dosimetry (2006)

Detailed studies of the basic dosimetric properties of small volumes of PRESAGETM have confirmed its promise as a new material with enhanced properties for 3D dosimetry. PRESAGETM is a transparent polyurethane material containing a radiochromic leucodye. Principle advantages include a relative insensitivity of the dose response to atmospheric exposure, and a radiochromic optical contrast which is light absorbing rather than light-scattering (peak optical density change is at ~633 nm). The absorptive nature of the contrast is more amenable to accurate dose read-out by optical-computed-tomography. This work represents our first feasibility tests of large volumes of PRESAGETM for dosimetric validation of radiation treatments.
A self-organizing neural network for hierarchical range image segmentation (2002)

Range image segmentation is the process of partitioning a range image represented by a two-dimensional pixel array into geometric primitives so that all the image pixels are grouped into clusters with a common geometric representation or property that could be used by higher-level cognitive processes. A self-organizing neural network for range image segmentation is proposed and described. The multi-layer Kohonen's self-organizing feature map (MLKSFM) which is an extension of the traditional single-layer Kohonen's self-organizing feature map (KSFM) is seen to alleviate the shortcomings of the latter in the context of range image segmentation. The problem of range image segmentation is formulated as one of vector quantization and is mapped onto MLKSFM. The MLKSFM is currently implemented on the Connection Machine CM-2 which is a fine-grained single instruction multiple data computer. Experimental results using both synthetic and real range images are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preferential, enhanced breast cancer cell migration on biomimetic electrospun nanofiber ‘cell highways’ (2014)

This model could create clinical impact as an in vitro diagnostic tool for rapid assessment of tumor needle biopsies to confirm metastatic tumors, their invasiveness, and allow high-throughput drug screening providing rapid development of personalized therapies.
Improved Statistical Sampling and Accuracy with Accelerated Molecular Dynamics on Rotatable Torsions (2012)

In enhanced sampling techniques, the precision of the reweighted ensemble properties is often decreased due to large variation in statistical weights and reduction in the effective sampling size. To abate this reweighting problem, here, we propose a general accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) approach in which only the rotatable dihedrals are subjected to aMD (RaMD), unlike the typical implementation wherein all dihedrals are boosted (all-aMD). Nonrotatable and improper dihedrals are marginally important to conformational changes or the different rotameric states. Not accelerating them avoids the sharp increases in the potential energies due to small deviations from their minimum energy conformations and leads to improvement in the precision of RaMD. We present benchmark studies on two model dipeptides, Ace-Ala-Nme and Ace-Trp-Nme, simulated with normal MD, all-aMD, and RaMD. We carry out a systematic comparison between the performances of both forms of aMD using a theory that allows quantitative estimation of the effective number of sampled points and the associated uncertainty. Our results indicate that, for the same level of acceleration and simulation length, as used in all-aMD, RaMD results in significantly less loss in the effective sample size and, hence, increased accuracy in the sampling of φ-ψ space. RaMD yields an accuracy comparable to that of all-aMD, from simulation lengths 5 to 1000 times shorter, depending on the peptide and the acceleration level. Such improvement in speed and accuracy over all-aMD is highly remarkable, suggesting RaMD as a promising method for sampling larger biomolecules.
Low Pressure Plasma Spraying of Sol-Gel Al2O3/SiC Nanocomposite Coatings (2001)

Abstract This paper describes the manufacture of a new ceramic coating system based on Al2O3/SiC nanocomposite powder prepared by sol-gel processing followed by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) onto stainless steel substrates. In order to produce nanocomposite coatings of good adhesion and low porosity, the substrates were water-cooled to minimise thermal stresses associated with coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was used. The sol-gel powder feedstock and the as-sprayed coatings have been characterised by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The coating characteristics were compared with a reference Al2O3 coating prepared from commercial feedstock powder. The thermal exposure of the sol-gel powder during spraying caused phase-changes and phase-decomposition. Examination of the sprayed coatings showed that it was possible to maintain the 20-200 nm SiC particles in the final Al2O3/SiC nanocomposite coating. The coatings also contained both stable α-Al2O3 and metastable γ-Al2O3. Some minority phases such as silica and aluminosilicate formed in the sol-gel feedstock powder were fully decomposed during LPPS. This preliminary study indicates that sol-gel and LPPS processing is a potential route for the manufacture of nanocomposite coatings, which may offer significant improvements in some aspects of coating properties.
Prion Protein Conformation in a Patient with Sporadic Fatal Insomnia (1999)

The human prion diseases include Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker disease, fatal familial insomnia, and the recently described new variant of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Much evidence argues that a post-translational, noncovalent modification of prion protein is the fundamental event in the mechanism underlying these diseases.1 The normal cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC) is predominantly α-helical, is detergent soluble, and is readily digested by proteases. In contrast, the pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) has a substantially β-sheet structure, is insoluble in nondenaturing detergents, and shows relative resistance to proteolytic digestion.2–4 The protease-resistant core of PrPSc, designated PrP27–30, is usually detectable . . .
Internet-based Neuro-oncology Patient Recruitment (2006)

THE PRIVACY RULE, as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, was implemented in 2003 as a response to public concern over potential abuses of private health information. Although the Privacy Rule was not intended to place limits on clinical research, its complexity has caused much confusion throughout the academic medicine and research communities. Many clinical and translational researchers have created clinical databases or human tissue banks to facilitate future research. Maintenance of such databases is considered a research activity under the Privacy Rule, and researchers are, therefore, subject to its regulations. We present a novel Internet-based method to generate and maintain a neurooncology patient registry and human tissue bank. Through our web site, we secure both Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act research authorization and informed consent, enabling us to contact the treating physician for clinical data and pathological specimens. Considering the importance of continued use of clinical databases and tissue banks in the genetic era of medicine, our method offers one way for researchers to adapt to the changing world of clinical research.
Sampling for Snapshot Compressive Imaging (2023)

In this study, we compare interlaced and multiscale sampling of smooth manifolds for snapshot compressive imaging. With a particular focus on spectral, spatial, and temporal focal photographic imaging systems, we show that structured transformer networks enable the efficient integration of multiscale manifolds. In the applications considered here, transformer networks enable simpler and more target-specific sampling strategies for compressive tomography.
Estimating Blood Glucose Levels Using Machine Learning Models with Non-Invasive Wearable Device Data (2023)

In 2019 alone, Diabetes Mellitus impacted 463 million individuals worldwide. Blood glucose levels (BGL) are often monitored via invasive techniques as part of routine protocols. Recently, AI-based approaches have shown the ability to predict BGL using data acquired by non-invasive Wearable Devices (WDs), therefore improving diabetes monitoring and treatment. It is crucial to study the relationships between non-invasive WD features and markers of glycemic health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate accuracy of linear and non-linear models in estimating BGL. A dataset containing digital metrics as well as diabetic status collected using traditional means was used. Data consisted of 13 participants data collected from WDs, these participants were divided in two groups young, and Adult Our experimental design included Data Collection, Feature Engineering, ML model selection/development, and reporting evaluation of metrics. The study showed that linear and non-linear models both have high accuracy in estimating BGL using WD data (RMSE range: 0.181 to 0.271, MAE range: 0.093 to 0.142). We provide further evidence of the feasibility of using commercially available WDs for the purpose of BGL estimation amongst diabetics when using Machine learning approaches.