gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric and magnetic properties of Ba-, La- and Pb-doped Bi0.8Gd0.1M0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 perovskite ceramics (2014)

The multiferroic Bi 0.8 Gd 0.1 M 0.1 Fe 0.9 Ti 0.1 O 3 , (where M = Ba (DB), La (DL) and Pb (DP)) has been synthesized by using solid-state reaction technique. Effects of Ba , La and Pb substitution on the structure, electrical and ferroelectric properties of Bi 0.8 Gd 0.1 M 0.1 Fe 0.9 Ti 0.1 O 3 samples have been studied by performing X-ray diffraction, dielectric and magnetic measurements. The crystal structures of the ceramic samples have a tetragonal phase. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement shows a significant change in the magnetic properties of Ba -doped Bi 0.8 Gd 0.1 M 0.1 Fe 0.9 Ti 0.1 O 3 as compared to La - and Pb -doped ceramics. It is seen that coercive field (H C ) and remanent magnetization (M R ) increases with Ba -doped ceramics but decreases for La - and Pb -doped ceramics.
Reliability of intrauterine pressure measurements. (1991)

The reliability of intrauterine pressure measurements was studied by placing two catheters in the same uterus in women in labor. Nineteen parturients were studied, five with two Intran I catheters in different pockets of amniotic fluid, five with two Intran II catheters in different pockets, and nine with two Intran II catheters in the same pocket of amniotic fluid. Among 1429 contractions studied, the catheters showed differences of pressure of less than 5 mmHg in 86% of contractions and of less than 10 mmHg in 94%. When cumulative uterine activity was calculated for each labor, the difference in the total active pressures shown by the two catheters was less than 5% in 17 cases and 5% or more in two cases. These differences are unlikely to be of any importance in the management of labor.
Probabilistically shaped PDM 4096-QAM transmission over up to 200 km of fiber using standard intradyne detection (2018)

We demonstrate transmission of a probabilistically shaped polarization-division multiplexed 3-GBd 4096-QAM signal over up to 200 km of backward Raman amplified Corning® Vascade® EX2000 fiber. The 3-GBd signal with a root-raised-cosine roll-off of 0.01 has the potential to generate a spectral efficiency of 19.77 bit/s/Hz over 50 km of fiber.
SELECTIVE PREPARATION OF α,α-DICHLOROKETONES WITH COPPER(II) CHLORIDE (2002)

ABSTRACT Aryl and enolizable alkyl ketones react with copper(II) chloride in dimethylformamide to produce the corresponding α,α-dichloroketone in high yields. Remarkable qualities of the process are high selectivity towards these substrates, undetected polychlorinated by-products, easy work-up, commercially available reagents and HCl as the only waste stream.
Applications of Three-Dimensional Topography Simulation in the Design of Interconnect Lines (2005)

We present an analysis of deposition of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide layers into three-dimensional interconnect structures. The investigations have been performed using our general purpose topography simulator ELSA (Enhanced Level Set Applications). We predict void formation and its characteristics, which play an important role for the formation of cracks which are observed during the passivation of layers covering IC chips.
Induction of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2 (1994)

Sporozoite surface protein 2 has been identified as a target of malaria vaccines designed to produce protective CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) because mice immunized with mastocytoma cells expressing a fragment of Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein 2 (PySSP2) are protected against malaria by an immune response that requires CD8+ CTL. To define CTL epitopes in the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2 (PfSSP2), spleen cells (SC) from mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites (irr spz) were stimulated with synthetic peptides, and these effectors were tested for cytolytic activity against peptide-pulsed, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched targets. Two peptides containing CTL epitopes, A6 (Pf SSP2 3D7 214-233) and BH1 (Pf SSP2 3D7 3-11) were identified in bulk cultures of SC from immune C57BL/6 mice, and by production of CTL lines. Immunization with recombinant vaccinia expressing the full length PfSSP2 induced antigen specific, MHC-restricted, CD8+ T cell-dependent cytolytic activity against these two peptides. Finally, CTL were induced by immunization with a bacteria-derived recombinant fragment of PfSSP2 (rPfSSP2) mixed with a liposomal formulation containing a cationic lipid (Lipofectin Reagent, LPF). Induced CTL lysed target cells pulsed with peptide A6 or with LPF/rPfSSP2, but not targets pulsed with only rPfSSP2. These studies demonstrate that CTL specific to PfSSP2 are present in C57BL/6 mice and that immunization with purified rPfSSP2 delivered with LPF induces a cytotoxic T cell response.
Modeling Methods for Treatment Planning in Overlapping Electroporation Treatments (2021)

This study provides evidence that the modeling method used in most pre-clinical and clinical studies seems adequate.
Sky view factor analysis of street canyons and its implications for daytime intra‐urban air temperature differentials in high‐rise, high‐density urban areas of Hong Kong: a GIS‐based simulation approach (2010)

Abstract Hong Kong is a high‐density sub‐tropical city with 7 million people living in an urban area of just over 260 km 2 . Tall and closely packed buildings are the common urban morphology. How the urban geometry influences the microclimate in summer daytime is a primary planning concern. The sky view factor (SVF) has been commonly used to indicate the impact of urban geometry on air temperature differences in cities. However, only limited discussions in this aspect have been addressed for daytime course in high‐rise and high‐density urban environment such as Hong Kong. This paper firstly provides a comprehensive review of SVF analysis in urban climatology studies and then presents a simulation approach to investigate the role of SVF in determining summer daytime intra‐urban air temperature differences in urban Hong Kong. An ArcGIS‐embedded computer program is developed for calculating continuous SVF values for an entire urban environment and an SVF map is generated. The result is evaluated against meteorological data observed in field measurements. The regression analysis shows that the spatial average of SVF values has a close negative relationship with daytime intra‐urban temperature differences. The study indicates that SVF is a significant factor for understanding the microthermal climate in Hong Kong's street canyons. The paper further raises discussions on the application of SVF analysis to urban planning. The study demonstrates that the SVF analysis is a useful and effective tool for planners and urban climatologists conducting studies on high‐rise and high‐density sub‐tropical cities. The understanding can provide support for the development of planning standards and good practice. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Conformational Properties, Chiroptical Spectra, and Molecular Self-Assembly of 2,3-Piperazinodiones and Their Dithiono Analogues (2008)

A family of chiral cyclic oxamides was prepared by the condensation of optically active 1,2-diamines with diethyl oxalate. Thionation of the products with Lawesson's reagent afforded a series of chiral 2,3-piperazinedithiones. Molecular geometries of the title compounds were studied with the use of quantum mechanical DFT calculations and were compared to the X-ray crystallographic results. The heterocyclic six-membered ring adopted a half-chair conformation with the C-5 substituent preferably at the equatorial position, whereas a substitution at the nitrogen atoms resulted in domination of the axial form in the conformational equilibrium. The opposite helicity of the twisted oxamide chromophore in the axial and equatorial conformers led to the opposite signs of the Cotton effects corresponding to two pi-pi* electronic transitions. The CD signs can be predicted by a simple helicity rule. The same rule is valid for 2,3-piperazinodithiones, where a substitution of sulfur for oxygen in the carbonyl groups results in bathochromic shifts of the absorption and CD bands. The crystal packing analysis of several 2,3-piperazinodiones revealed that strong NH...O=C intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions generating the chain motif resulted in the formation of 3-D networks as well as with the use of the cyclic hydrogen-bond motif tape structures.
An unexpected role for tomato threonine deaminase 2 in host defense against bacterial infection (2022)

The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often act antagonistically in controlling plant defense pathways in response to hemibiotrophs/biotrophs (hemi/biotroph) and herbivores/necrotrophs, respectively. Threonine deaminase (TD) converts threonine to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia as the committed step in isoleucine (Ile) biosynthesis and contributes to JA responses by producing the Ile needed to make the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants have two TD genes: TD1 and TD2. A defensive role for TD2 against herbivores has been characterized in relation to JA-Ile production. However, it remains unknown whether TD2 is also involved in host defense against bacterial hemi/biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Here, we show that in response to the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin flg22 peptide, an activator of SA-based defense responses, TD2 activity is compromised, possibly through carboxy-terminal cleavage. TD2 knockdown (KD) plants showed increased resistance to the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae but were more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, suggesting TD2 plays opposite roles in response to hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. This TD2 KD plant differential response to different pathogens is consistent with SA- and JA-regulated defense gene expression. flg22-treated TD2 KD plants showed high expression levels of SA-responsive genes, whereas TD2 KD plants treated with the fungal PAMP chitin showed low expression levels of JA-responsive genes. This study indicates TD2 acts negatively in defense against hemibiotrophs and positively against necrotrophs and provides insight into a new TD2 function in the elaborate crosstalk between SA and JA signaling induced by pathogen infection.
Modeling of geochemical interactions between acidic and neutral fluids in the Onikobe Geothermal Reservoir (2003)

Two types of fluids are encountered in the Onikobe geothermal reservoir, one is neutral and the other is acidic (pH=3). It is hypothesized that acidic fluid might be upwelling along a fault zone and that an impermeable barrier might be present between the acidic and neutral fluid zones. We carried out reactive geothermal transport simulations using TOUGHREACT (Xu and Pruess, 1998 and 2001) to test such a conceptual model. One-dimensional models were used to study the geochemical behavior due to mixing of the two fluids. Mn-rich smectite precipitates near the mixing front and is likely to form an impermeable barrier between regions with acidic and neutral fluids.
Multi-center validation of the transferability of the magnetic resonance T2* technique for the quantification of tissue iron. (2006)

The transferability of the T2* technique for measurement of tissue iron between magnetic resonance (MR) scanners is unknown. Heart and liver multi-breath-hold T2* sequences were installed on MR scanners at six different sites. T2* was assessed locally in five or more patients with thalassemia major (n=39), and subjects were re-scanned at the standardization center in London. Inter-center reproducibility of T2* in heart and liver was 5.0% and 7.1%, with mean absolute differences in T2* of 1.3 ms and 0.45 ms, respectively. The MR multi-breath-hold T2* technique for tissue iron quantification is transferable between scanners with good reproducibility.
A furnace with rotating load frame for in situ high temperature deformation and creep experiments in a neutron diffraction beam line (2012)

A resistive furnace combined with a load frame was built that allows for in situ neutron diffraction studies of high temperature deformation, in particular, creep. A maximum force of 2700 N can be applied at temperatures up to 1000 °C. A load control mode permits studies of, e.g., creep or phase transformations under applied uni-axial stress. In position control, a range of high temperature deformation experiments can be achieved. The examined specimen can be rotated up to 80° around the vertical compression axis allowing texture measurements in the neutron time-of-flight diffractometer HIPPO (High Pressure - Preferred Orientation). We present results from the successful commissioning, deforming a Zr-2.5 wt.% Nb cylinder at 975 °C. The device is now available for the user program of the HIPPO diffractometer at the LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center) user facility.
Human Leptin Receptor (1998)

The leptin receptor (OB-R) is a member of the class I cytokine receptor family and mediates the weight regulatory effects of its ligand through interaction with cytoplasmic kinases. The extracellular domain of this receptor is comprised of two immunoglobulin-like and cytokine-receptor homology domains each and type III fibronectin domains. The extracellular domain of human leptin receptor was expressed in and purified from Chinese hamster ovary cells and was found to contain extensive N-glycosylation (approximately 36% of the total protein). The purified protein had a molecular weight of approximately 145,000 and exhibited ligand binding ability as evidenced by formation of ligand-receptor complex, followed by chemical cross-linking. The determined disulfide motif of the soluble leptin receptor contained several distinct cystine knots as well as 10 free cysteines. The N-glycosylation analysis revealed that Asn624 of the WSXWS motif (residues 622-626) within the C-terminal cytokine receptor homology domain was glycosylated, indicating that this region is solvent-exposed. On the other hand, the N-terminal WSXWS motif was not glycosylated.
Proceeding of the 23rd ACM Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (2013)

It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 23rd ACM Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV) in Oslo, Norway. For years, NOSSDAV has been recognized as a unique venue that attracts researchers and practitioners working on operating systems and networking support for emerging multimedia applications and services. This year's workshop tries to continue the long tradition and aims at accommodating timely exchange of research results and fostering lively, constructive discussions on potentially controversial concepts and solutions in the area of systems support for multimedia.
Friction Model of a Robot Joint Considering Torque and Moment Loads (2021)

로봇 관절에서 발생하는 마찰은 제어시스템에 외란으로 작용하여 제어성능을 악화시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 대부분의 로봇에서는 마찰 모델을 기반으로 추정한 마찰토크를 제어입력에 반영하여 마찰을 보상하며, 마찰 모델이 정확할수록 로봇의 제어성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 로봇링크의 하중에 의해서 발생하는 토크부하와 모멘트부하의 영향으로 다르게 발생하는 마찰 거동을 파악한다. 이를 통해 기존의 쿨롱마찰과 점성마찰로 구성된 마찰 모델에 토크부하와 모멘트부하의 영향을 고려한 항을 추가하여 보다 정확한 마찰 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 마찰 모델은 7자유도 협동로봇에 적용하여 실험을 통해 성능을 검증하였다.
National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Power Sector Technology Roadmap 2021 (2021)

The National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) is a research consortium formed to accelerate transformative research in desalination and treatment to lower the cost and energy required to produce clean water from nontraditional water sources and realize a circular water economy. NAWI’s goal is to enable the manufacturing of energy-efficient desalination technologies in the United States at a lower cost with the same (or higher) quality and reduced environmental impact for 90 percent of nontraditional water sources within the next 10 years. The nontraditional source waters of interest include brackish water; seawater; produced and extracted water; power, mining, industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste waters. When these desalination and treatment technologies are fully developed and utilized, they will be able to contribute to the water needs for many existing end-use sectors. NAWI has identified five end-use sectors that are critical to the U.S. economy for further exploration: Power, Resource Extraction, Industry, Municipal, and Agriculture (PRIMA). This Power Sector roadmap aims to advance desalination and treatment of nontraditional source waters for beneficial use in public water supplies by identifying research and development (R&D) opportunities that help overcome existing treatment challenges. Under NAWI’s vision, the transition from a linear to a circular water economy with nontraditional source waters will be achieved by advancing desalination and reuse technologies in six key areas: Autonomous operations, Precision separations, Resilient treatment and transport, Intensified brine management, Modular membrane systems, and Electrified treatment systems, collectively known as the A-PRIME areas. Technological advances in these different areas will enable nontraditional source waters to achieve pipe parity with traditional supplies.
High sensitivity, low noise front-end for long range capacitive sensors for tagless indoor human localization (2017)

Capacitive sensors are used in many applications due to their multiple advantages, but typically up to distances comparable to sensor dimensions. We present the design and the experimental results of a self-contained long range capacitive sensor front-end that is based on phase modulation and is suitable for indoor human localization. The changes in reactance due to the changes in the sensor capacitance modulate the phase of a carrier frequency, which is then demodulated using a XOR gate as quadrature detector. A phase modulated carrier is both less susceptible to noise and easier to filter. The experimental results show a very good sensor sensitivity up to 150 cm for a 16 cm square sensor plate, very low noise and good measurement stability.
A Qualitative Look at Black Female Social Work Educators (1982)

This article reports the finding of a research effort which attempted to assess the qualitative experience of black female faculty in schools of social work. The data reported is part of a larger data set collected on social work faculty as a whole. The authors report some basic demographics on black females, but focus mainly on the roles that these women perform in schools of social work and how satisfied they are in these positions. It appears that significant numbers of black female faculty members are on "soft money" with fewer teaching Social Policy and Administration courses than might be expected. As a group these females are less satisfied with their academic positions than are their black male counterparts. However, when "degree held" is controlled for, it is black females without the doctorate who are significantly less satisfied than men. No such relationship was found to exist for males. Finally, the authors attempted, via a regression model, to assess which group of relevant others, faculty, administrators or students, as a function of their interactions, contributed most significantly to the satisfaction levels of black female faculty. Results from these analyses suggest that with respect to interpersonal interactions, white faculty have the greatest affect on the reported job satisfaction levels of black females.
Metal Nanoparticle Aerogels and Their Applications (2013)

Gels and aerogels manufactured from a variety of metal nanoparticles available in colloidal solutions have recently proven to provide an opportunity to marry the nanoscale world with that of materials of macro dimensions which can be easily manipulated and processed, whilst maintaining most of the nanoscale properties. The materials carry an enormous potential for applications. This is largely related to their extremely low density and high porosity providing access to the capacious inner surface of the interconnected nanoobjects they consist of. In addition we prove the electrocatalytical activity of freestanding cyclodextrin modified palladium nanoparticle aerogels towards the oxidation of ethanol with extremely high electrocatalytic current density and good durability.
Description and Performance of a Fiber-Optic Confocal Fluorescence Spectrometer (1994)

We describe a fiber-optic-based confocal fluorescence spectrometer for obtaining depth-resolved, attenuated fluorescence emission spectra with lateral resolution of several microns and depth resolution of tens of microns. The confocal optics of the spectrometer are small, inexpensive, and easy to construct and to interface to existing spectrometers. We compare the performance of this system to that of conventional fluorescence spectrometers for nonscattering homogeneous and inhomogeneous samples. We demonstrate that the confocal measurements readily provide information about the sample geometry and optical properties not available from nonconfocal measurements. Potential applications of the technique are discussed.
Bipolar Photothermoelectric Effect Across Energy Filters in Single Nanowires (2017)

The photothermoelectric (PTE) effect uses nonuniform absorption of light to produce a voltage via the Seebeck effect and is of interest for optical sensing and solar-to-electric energy conversion. However, the utility of PTE devices reported to date has been limited by the need to use a tightly focused laser spot to achieve the required, nonuniform illumination and by their dependence upon the Seebeck coefficients of the constituent materials, which exhibit limited tunability and, generally, low values. Here, we use InAs/InP heterostructure nanowires to overcome these limitations: first, we use naturally occurring absorption "hot spots" at wave mode maxima within the nanowire to achieve sharp boundaries between heated and unheated subwavelength regions of high and low absorption, allowing us to use global illumination; second, we employ carrier energy-filtering heterostructures to achieve a high Seebeck coefficient that is tunable by heterostructure design. Using these methods, we demonstrate PTE voltages of hundreds of millivolts at room temperature from a globally illuminated nanowire device. Furthermore, we find PTE currents and voltages that change polarity as a function of the wavelength of illumination due to spatial shifting of subwavelength absorption hot spots. These results indicate the feasibility of designing new types of PTE-based photodetectors, photothermoelectrics, and hot-carrier solar cells using nanowires.
A Model for T-Way Fault Profile Evolution during Testing (2017)

Empirical studies have shown that most software interaction faults involve one or two variables interacting, with progressively fewer triggered by three to six variables interacting. This paper introduces a model for the origin of this distribution. We start with two empirically reasonable assumptions regarding the distribution of branch conditions in code and the proportion of t-way combinations seen in testing, and show that the model closely reproduces empirical data on t-way fault distributions. Although the model was developed to explain the distribution of faults by t-way interaction strength, it is shown to reproduce the basic exponential reliability model as a special case at each level of interaction, t. The paper evaluates model predictions against empirical data, and discusses implications for detection and removal of interaction faults.
A clinical trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (Whole Virion) IP (Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine; VaxiFlu-STM) in healthy Indian adult population (2011)

Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine produces excellent immunogenic response with a good tolerability profile in adult Indian population.