gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Cloud Type from Pyranometer Observations (1999)

In this paper the authors evaluate an inexpensive and automatable method to estimate cloud type at a given location during daylight hours using the time series of irradiance from a pyranometer. The motivation for this investigation is to provide ground-based estimates of cloud type at locations where there are no human observations of sky condition. A pyranometer naturally measures the effect of intervening clouds along the solar beam path to the sensor. Because a daily time series of irradiance is nonstationary, it is appropriately scaled to yield a stationary time series. From the latter, the standard deviation and ratio of observed irradiance to clear-sky irradiance derived from a 21-min moving window are related to one of the following cloud types or conditions: cirrus, cumulus, cirrus and cumulus, stratus, precipitation or fog, no clouds, and other clouds. Comparisons with human observations at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Calibration and Radiation Testbed site in northern Oklahoma show that the pyranometer method and human observations are in agreement about 45% of the time. Many of the differences can be attributed to two factors: 1) the pyranometer method is weighted toward clouds crossing the sun's path, while the human observer can view clouds over the entire sky, and 2) the presence of aerosols causes the pyranometer to overestimate the occurrence of cirrus and cirrus plus cumulus. When attenuation of the solar beam by aerosols is negligible or can be accounted for, the pyranometer method should be especially useful for cloud-type assessment where no other sky observations are available.
Determination of vitamin D status by radioimmunoassay with an 125I-labeled tracer (1993)

We report here the first radioimmunoassay for a vitamin D metabolite utilizing a radioiodinated tracer. Antibodies were generated in a goat immunized with the vitamin D analog 23, 24, 25, 26, 27-pentanor-C(22)-carboxylic acid of vitamin D, coupled directly with bovine serum albumin. The 125I-labeled tracer was prepared by reacting a 3-amino-propyl derivative of vitamin D-C(22)-amide with Bolton-Hunter reagent. The primary antiserum, used at a 15,000-fold final dilution, cross-reacted equally with all cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol metabolites tested except 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol metabolites and the parent calciferols; the antiserum did not cross-react with dihydrotachysterol. Calibrators were prepared in vitamin D-stripped human serum. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol was quantitatively extracted from serum or plasma (50 microL) with acetonitrile. The assay consists of a 90-min incubation at room temperature with primary antiserum, followed by a 20-min incubation with a second antiserum and separation of bound from free fractions by centrifugation. The detection limit of the assay was 2.8 micrograms/L for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Results with the present assay compared well with those from a liquid-chromatographic procedure involving specific ultraviolet detection of 25-hydroxycalciferol in plasma.
Formation of polymer‐bonded nitroxyl radicals in the UV stabilization of polypropylene by a bifunctional hindered amine light stabilizer (1981)

Abstract The formation of polymer‐bonded stabilizer derivatives during photooxidation of isotactic polypropylene, which contains the hindered amine light stabilizer bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl) sebacate and the corresponding bisnitroxyl radical, was investigated. The photooxidized polypropylene films that contain these additives were studied by ESR, IR, and nitrogen analysis before and after exhaustive solvent extraction of the photooxidized films. ESR showed that under the conditions in use a maximum of 20% of the nitroxyl radicals formed from the hindered amine was bonded to the polymer chain. Regeneration of nitroxyl radicals from the polymer‐bonded stabilizer derivatives under photooxidative conditions indicated that the stabilizer was bonded to the polymer chain by O‐alkyl‐substituted hydroxylamine linkages &gt;NOPP.
Syntheses of Polyxylylidenes from Sulfonium Ylide and Some Related Reactions (1968)

高分子反応により核にCH2+SMe2X-基をもっポリスチレンを合成し,その塩基およびベンズァルデヒドとの反応によりスチレンオキシドを合成することを試みたが成功しなかった。低分子モデル化合物の反応を検討することによりその原因を考察した。その途中で,p-キシリレン-ビス(ジメチルスルホニウム)テトラフロロボレートを水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液で加熱すると好収率でポリ(p-キシリリデン)を主成することを見出した。またo-キシリレン-ビス(ジメチルスルホニウム)塩の場合は,対応するポリ(o-キシリリデン)を生成すること,また中間にo-キノンジメタン構造を経ることをアクリロニトリルとの反応生成物から推定した。
Toxicokinetics of Methyl Parathion in Lactating Goats (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToxicokinetics of Methyl Parathion in Lactating GoatsRonald E. Baynes and John M. BowenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 6, 1598–1604Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00054a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prolonging the delayed phase of myocardial protection: Repetitive adenosine A(1) receptor activation maintains rabbit myocardium in a preconditioned state (1997)

Objectives. This study was designed to examine whether the myocardium can be maintained in a protected state by extending the delayed phase of cardioprotection with chronic, intermittent adenosine A(1) receptor activation.Background. Several recent studies hare explored the temporal characteristics of the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning. Two distinct phases of myocardial protection have been described: the short-lived immediate phase, or "classic" preconditioning, and the delayed phase, or "second window of protection" (SWOP). Previous studies have examined the potential for extending the duration of classic preconditioning by repeated application of the preconditioning stimulus. Pretreatment with either multiple episodes of ischemia or continuous infusion of a selective adenosine A(1) receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N-6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), resulted in attenuation of the protective effects of preconditioning, implying downregulation of the receptors involved in triggering classic preconditioning.Methods. Male New Zealand White rabbits were treated with repeated intravenous boluses of CCPA, 100 mu g/kg body weight, or 0.9% saline at 18-h intervals. Forty-eight hours after the fifth dose (day 10), the animals were anesthetized and subjected to 30 min of coronary occlusion, followed by 120 min of reperfusion, Infarct size was determined as a percentage of myocardial risk volume using tetrazolium staining. To further explore whether the rabbits had developed tolerance to the effects of adenosine Al receptor activation, a subgroup of animals were treated with a further bolus of CCPA 100 mu g/kg, at the end of the reperfusion period, and the hemodynamic response was monitored for 10 min before excision of the heart.Results. Pretreatment with intermittent doses of CCPA resulted in a 42% reduction in the infarct to risk ratio compared with vehicle pretreatment (26.6 +/- 3.7% vs. 45.9 +/- 5.5%, p &lt; 0.01) Furthermore, CCPA treatment at the end of reperfusion resulted in identical hypotension and bradycardia in both groups. a Conclusions. We conclude that rabbits can be maintained in a protected state against myocardial infarction by repeated activation of adenosine A(1) receptors, with no evidence of tachyphylaxis to the infarct-limiting or hemodynamic effects of CCPA, This finding suggests that adenosine A(1) receptor activation may hold promise as a new approach to long-term cardioprotection. (C)1998 by the American College of Cardiology.
Bioengineering a humanized acne microenvironment model: Proteomics analysis of host responses to Propionibacterium acnes infection in vivo (2008)

Acne is a human disease of the sebaceous hair follicle. Unlike humans, most animals produce little or no triglycerides in hair follicles to harbor Propionibacterium acnes a fact that has encumbered the development of novel treatments for acne lesions. Although genetic mutant mice with acne-like skins have been used for screening anti-acne drugs, the mice generally have deficits in immune system that turns out to be inappropriate to generate antibodies for developing acne vaccines. Here, we employed a bioengineering approach using a tissue chamber integrated with a dermis-based cell-trapped system (DBCTS) to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of acne lesions. Human sebocyte cell lines were grown in DBCTS as a scaffold and inserted into a perforated tissue chamber. After implantation of a tissue chamber bearing human sebocytes into ICR mice, P. acnes or PBS was injected into a tissue chamber to induce host immune response. Infiltrated cells such as neutrophils and macrophages were detectable in tissue chamber fluids. In addition, a proinflammatory cytokine macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) was elevated after P. acnes injection. In tissue chamber fluids, 13 proteins including secreted proteins and cell matrix derived from mouse, human cells or P. acnes were identified by proteomics using isotope-coded protein label (ICPL) coupled to nano-LC-MS analysis. After P. acnes infection, four proteins including fibrinogen, alpha polypeptide, fibrinogen beta chain, S100A9, and serine protease inhibitor A3K showed altered concentrations in the mimicked acne microenvironment. The bioengineered acne model thus provides an in vivo microenvironment to study the interaction of host with P. acnes and offers a unique set-up for screening novel anti-acne drugs and vaccines.
Whole transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulated oncogenic lncRNAs in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and establishes MIR155HG as a target of PRDM1 (2017)

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma is a rare but aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis. Despite previous reports that showed potential tumor suppressors, such as PRDM1 or oncogenes associated with the etiology of this malignancy, the role of long non-coding RNAs in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma pathobiology has not been addressed to date. Here, we aim to identify cancer-associated dysregulated long non-coding RNAs and signaling pathways or biological processes associated with these long non-coding RNAs in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cases and to identify the long non-coding RNAs transcriptionally regulated by PRDM1. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 166 and 66 long non-coding RNAs to be significantly overexpressed or underexpressed, respectively, in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cases compared with resting or activated normal natural killer cells. Novel long non-coding RNAs as well as the cancer-associated ones such as SNHG5, ZFAS1, or MIR155HG were dysregulated. Interestingly, antisense transcripts of many growth-regulating genes appeared to be transcriptionally deregulated. Expression of ZFAS1, which is upregulated in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cases, showed association with growth-regulating pathways such as stabilization of P53, regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, or nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in normal and neoplastic natural killer cell samples. Consistent with the tumor suppressive role of PRDM1, we identified MIR155HG and TERC to be transcriptionally downregulated by PRDM1 in two PRDM1-null NK-cell lines when it is ectopically expressed. In conclusion, this is the first study that identified long non-coding RNAs whose expression is dysregulated in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma cases. These findings suggest that ZFAS1 and other dysregulated long non-coding RNAs may be involved in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma pathobiology through regulation of cancer-related genes, and loss-of-PRDM1 expression in natural killer/T-cell lymphomas may contribute to overexpression of MIR155HG; thereby promoting tumorigenesis.
Interferon-&#947;-Induced Conversion of Tryptophan: Immunologic and Neuropsychiatric Aspects (2003)

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and the least abundant constituent of proteins. In parallel it represents a source for two important biochemical pathways: the generation of neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) by the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent tryptophan 5-hydroxylase, and the formation of kynurenine derivatives and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides initiated by the enzymes tryptophan pyrrolase (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Whereas TDO is located in the liver cells, IDO is expressed in a large variety of cells and is inducible by the cytokine interferon-gamma. Therefore, accelerated tryptophan degradation is observed in diseases and disorders concomitant with cellular immune activation, e. g. infectious, autoimmune, and malignant diseases, as well as during pregnancy. According to the cytostatic and antiproliferative properties of tryptophan-depletion on T lymphocytes, activated T-helper type 1 (Th-1) cells may down-regulate immune response via degradation of tryptophan. Especially in states of persistent immune activation availability of free serum tryptophan is diminished and as a consequence of reduced serotonin production, serotonergic functions may as well be affected. Accumulation of neuroactive kynurenine metabolites such as quinolinic acid may contribute to the development of neurologic/psychiatric disorders. Thus, IDO seems to represent a link between the immunological network and neuroendocrine functions with far reaching consequences in regard to the psychological status of patients. These observations provide a basis for the better understanding of mood disorder and related symptoms in chronic diseases.
Ultrasonic In-Flight Wing Ice Detection (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Discussions and sample results are presented for an in-flight wing ice accretion detector based on newly developed ultrasonic guided wave sensors and measurements. Detection over a fairly large area can be accomplished with these sensors. Physical principles, hardware, and computational methods are outlined along with a description of two flight demonstration programs. Excellent results are obtained, pointing to the potential for immediate field use of this new ice detection technology.&lt;/div&gt;
On the general scaling theory for electrospraying (2004)

A systematic dimensional rationale is proposed here to analyse the electrohydro-dynamic equations governing liquid electrospraying phenomena in the well-known steady cone-jet mode with no ambient discharges. As a result, a general, unified description of the complete parametrical space for the emitted current and droplet size is given. Four main distinct subspaces, their relevant boundaries and corresponding scaling laws are identified. Laws already proposed fit in their appropriate region, and previously unknown laws are found. A closed solution for the electric current I when inertia and polarization forces dominate is obtained, in agreement with published experimental results.
Organic synthesis by electrolysis. V. Anodic alkoxylation of aliphatic saturated ethers (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic synthesis by electrolysis. V. Anodic alkoxylation of aliphatic saturated ethersTatsuya Shono and Yoshihiro MatsumuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 10, 2803–2804Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01038a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01038a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Space-time trellis codes with two, three and four transmit antennas in quasi-static flat fading channels (2003)

It has been established that the appropriate design parameters for space-time trellis code (STTC) in quasi-static flat Rayleigh fading channels are the rank and determinant criteria or the Euclidean distance criterion, depending on the value of the overall diversity gain. We propose two groups of new 4- and 8-PSK STTCs with two to four transmit antennas based on these two design criteria, respectively. Simulation results show that increasing the number of transmit antennas in general provide large performance improvement.
Test Results and Modeling of the Honda Insight using ADVISOR (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has conducted a series of chassis dynamometer and road tests on the 2000 model-year Honda Insight. This paper will focus on results from the testing, how the results have been applied to NREL's Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR), and how test results compare to the model predictions and published data. The chassis dynamometer testing included the FTP-75 emissions certification test procedure, highway fuel economy test, US06 aggressive driving cycle conducted at 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C, and the SC03 test performed at 35°C with the air conditioning on and with the air conditioning off. Data collection included bag and continuously sampled emissions (for the chassis tests), engine and vehicle operating parameters, battery cell temperatures and voltages, motor and auxiliary currents, and cabin temperatures. Test results are being used in three NREL program areas including: correlation and enhancement of the ADVISOR model; understanding battery performance under various conditions and the development of a temperature dependent battery pack model; and to determine the effect of air conditioning on fuel economy and emissions from highly efficient vehicles. Results from the testing have shown good agreement with predicted behavior and published data. Detailed test data have also yielded important insights into the vehicle control strategies and component performance that have been incorporated into ADVISOR.&lt;/div&gt;
Figure S9 from Disease Monitoring Using Post-induction Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis Following First-Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure&lt;/p&gt;
Statistical thermodynamics of r-MERS and r-MER solutions (1953)

NOTXT
Development of Evaluation Indicators for Integrated Home Care (2014)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop integrated evaluation indicators of home care services in the hope that the increasing group of long-term home care patients could receive quality care services. Methods: The development involves a methodological study on a development phase and a verification phase. The main survey at a verification stage was conducted by the staffs at 146 institutions who agreed to participate on this study. Results: The evaluation index for the integrated home visit care consisted of five categories and 57 indicators including Managing Institution (12), Environment and Safety (3), Right and Responsibility (7), Process of Care (31) and Results of Care (4). The criterion-related validity was verified in regard to the participation in the 2010 evaluation of long-term home-care institutions by the National Health Insurance Corporation. Conclusion: The evaluation index of the integrated home visiting care developed in this study is considered suitable to utilize as evaluating indicators in managing and evaluating the way of how institutions integrate and provide home visit care services as well as home nursing care services.
Effect of Substituents in Directing the Formation of Benzochlorins and Isobacteriochlorins in Porphyrin and Chlorin Systems (1999)

[formula: see text] A first synthesis of free-base fluorinated benzochlorins by acid-catalyzed cyclization of 20-(2-trisiloxy-trifluoromethylvinyl)octaethylporphyrin++ + is achieved. Under similar reaction conditions, the purpurin-18-N-hexylimide analogues produced the corresponding fluorinated and nonfluorinated ethylidene-substituted isobacteriochlorins and fluorinated chlorin, respectively. The structure of the porphyrin based fluorinated benzochlorin was also confirmed by X-ray analysis.
Perpendicular spin valve behavior in a microstructured Co/Cu-Cu oxide/Co trilayer (1996)

In this article we report a perpendicular spin valve behavior in a microstructured noncoupling magnetic trilayer system of Co/Cu-Cu oxide/Co. The Co thin films having markedly different coercivity Hc were prepared with a vacuum evaporation with electron beam (Hc= 20–30 Oe) and rf sputtering (Hc= 90–260 Oe), which enables the selective switching of the magnetization in the base and counter Co layers. The film surface of the Cu was oxidized by the rf sputter etching, which results in the increase of the resistance for the perpendicular current and enables measurements of the perpendicular spin valve behavior at room temperature. The additional spacer layer of sputtered SiO2 with a contact hole of 5 μm diameter was fabricated with photolithographic method between the bottom Co and the intermediate Cu layer, which defined the current path perpendicular to the film plane. The measured magnetoresistance ratio was 0.85% (dR=7.6 mΩ, R=0.89 Ω) at room temperature.