gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased calmodulin affects cell morphology and mRNA levels of cytoskeletal protein genes (1992)

We have previously described stable mouse C127 cell lines in which a CaM mini-gene has been expressed in a bovine papilloma virus-based expression vector (Rasmussen and Means: EMBO J. 6:3961-3968, 1987). Elevation of CaM to levels five-fold higher than in control cells caused an acceleration in cell cycle progression by reducing the length of the G1 period. When these cell lines were originally isolated it was observed that cells in which CaM levels were increased had a flattened morphology. In this study we have examined the localization of actin, vimentin, and tubulin in these cells as compared to the BPV-transformed control cell line in order to determine if changes in shape were accompanied by differences in the cytoskeletal organization. Cell-cycle-dependent changes in the levels of mRNAs for histone H4, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-actin, vimentin, and beta-tubulin have also been examined. Our results indicate that increased CaM causes differences in the organization of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules and that these changes are accompanied by selective differences in the cell-cycle-dependent expression of some mRNAs. Elevated CaM was also correlated with a reduced stability of beta-tubulin mRNA. These studies indicate that CaM has pleiotropic effects on cell function and suggest that stable cell lines with altered CaM levels may provide a useful model system for understanding the molecular basis of CaM-dependent regulation of cellular processes.
The red bayberry genome and genetic basis of sex determination (2018)

Morella rubra, red bayberry, is an economically important fruit tree in south China. Here, we assembled the first high-quality genome for both a female and a male individual of red bayberry. The genome size was 313-Mb, and 90% sequences were assembled into eight pseudo chromosome molecules, with 32 493 predicted genes. By whole-genome comparison between the female and male and association analysis with sequences of bulked and individual DNA samples from female and male, a 59-Kb region determining female was identified and located on distal end of pseudochromosome 8, which contains abundant transposable element and seven putative genes, four of them are related to sex floral development. This 59-Kb female-specific region was likely to be derived from duplication and rearrangement of paralogous genes and retained non-recombinant in the female-specific region. Sex-specific molecular markers developed from candidate genes co-segregated with sex in a genetically diverse female and male germplasm. We propose sex determination follow the ZW model of female heterogamety. The genome sequence of red bayberry provides a valuable resource for plant sex chromosome evolution and also provides important insights for molecular biology, genetics and modern breeding in Myricaceae family.
Raman and CARS microspectroscopy of cells and tissues (2009)

Raman spectroscopy has been recognized to be a powerful tool to study cells and tissues because the method provides molecular information without external markers such as stains or radioactive labels. To overcome the disadvantage of low signal intensities from most biomolecules, enhancement effects are utilized. A non-linear variant of Raman spectroscopy called coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) belongs to the most promising techniques because it combines signal enhancement due to the coherent nature of the process with further advantages such as directional emission, narrow spectral bandwidth and no disturbing interference with autofluorescence. This review describes briefly the principles of the methods and summarizes applications to cells and tissues that are expected to gain significance in the future such as the combination with imaging approaches, microscopy, optical traps and fiber-optic probes.
<title>Extra-high luminance backlight for helmet-mounted display sighting system for advanced rotorcraft</title> (2002)

Helmet-Mounted Display Sighting System (HMDSS) for advanced rotorcraft requires an extra high luminance backlight to provide the needed display contrast ratio under high ambient lighting conditions. Light Emitting Diode (LED) is selected as the source of illumination because of its high efficiency, compactness, high reliability, and high luminous intensity. This paper describes typical designs of high efficiency and high luminance LED backlight that meets these requirements. Design issues such as light collection efficiency, spatial and angular uniformity, power consumption, color shift, and other optical performance of the backlight will be addressed. With proper selection of LED and adequate optical design, more than 30,000 fl. using only 1.5 watts electrical power is achieved.
Nitric oxide decreases in vitro phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments by bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (1994)

The presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the retina, the constitutive isoform in photoreceptor outer segments and the inducible form in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, has been demonstrated, but the role of the free radical NO produced, remains unknown. We have investigated the effect of NO on the process of rod outer segment (ROS) phagocytosis. Using an in vitro assay for phagocytosis in primary cultures of bovine RPE cells, we demonstrate that NO released by SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine) in the culture medium inhibits the phagocytosis of ROS. Furthermore, endogenous NO, produced by RPE cells cotreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), is also able to decrease RPE cell phagocytic activity. This effect depends upon the continuous presence of NO during the assay and is abolished by the scavenging of NO by hemoglobin or by the inhibition of NO synthase activity by L-arginine analog, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Pretreatment of ROS with SIN-1 failed to impair subsequent phagocytosis, demonstrating that NO directly affects the RPE cells ability to phagocytose ROS. The inhibitory effect of NO is cGMP independent, since 8-bromo-cGMP does not modify this process. This decrease of ROS phagocytosis by RPE cells caused by NO may occur as a result of retinal inflammation, and could lead to photoreceptor degeneration.
Self-indexing inverted files for fast text retrieval (1996)

Query-processing costs on large text databases are dominated by the need to retrieve and scan the inverted list of each query term. Retrieval time for inverted lists can be greatly reduced by the use of compression, but this adds to the CPU time required. Here we show that the CPU component of query response time for conjunctive Boolean queries and for informal ranked queries can be similarly reduced, at little cost in terms of storage, by the inclusion of an internal index in each compressed inverted list. This method has been applied in a retrieval system for a collection of nearly two million short documents. Our experimental results show that the self-indexing strategy adds less than 20% to the size of the compressed inverted file, which itself occupies less than 10% of the indexed text, yet can reduce processing time for Boolean queries of 5-10 terms to under one fifth of the previous cost. Similarly, ranked queries of 40-50 terms can be evaluated in as little as 25% of the previous time, with little or no loss of retrieval effectiveness.
Swarm robotics reviewed (2012)

SUMMARY We present a review of recent activities in swarm robotic research, and analyse existing literature in the field to determine how to get closer to a practical swarm robotic system for real world applications. We begin with a discussion of the importance of swarm robotics by illustrating the wide applicability of robot swarms in various tasks. Then a brief overview of various robotic devices that can be incorporated into swarm robotic systems is presented. We identify and describe the challenges that should be resolved when designing swarm robotic systems for real world applications. Finally, we provide a summary of a series of issues that should be addressed to overcome these challenges, and propose directions for future swarm robotic research based on our extensive analysis of the reviewed literature.
Mixed Logic Dynamical Model of a Hydroelectric Power Plant (2000)

In this work we present the model of a hydroelectric power plant in the framework of Mixed Logic Dynamical (MLD) systems. Each outflow unit exhibits a hybrid behavior since flaps, gates and turbines are controlled with logical inputs and the outflow dynamics depend on the logical state of the unit. We show how to derive detailed models of each unit considering not only standard operating conditions, but also emergencies and startup and shut-down procedures.
Expression of EBV Encoded Nuclear Small Non-Polyadenylated RNA (EBER) Molecules in 32 Cases of Childhood Burkitt's Lymphoma from Israel (2001)

We have analyzed paraffin sections from 32 children with histologically confirmed Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) for the presence of EBV using in situ hybridization to detect expression of the EBV-encoded early RNAs (EBERs). EBV was present in the tumors of 11 patients (34%). Sixty nine percent of the children presented with abdominal disease, 19% had bone marrow infiltration and only one child had jaw involvement. There was no statistically significant difference between EBV positive and EBV negative children with regard to age, gender, origin, primary site at presentation, or clinical stage of disease. However, there was a trend for younger age in the children with EBV positive BL with a median age of 4, compared to 7 years in children with EBV negative BL. None of the 7 children of Ashkenazi Jewish origin had EBER positive disease. There was no difference in the treatment outcome between the EBV positive patients (estimated survival at 24 months of 82%) and EBV negative children (estimated survival rate of 71% (p=0.58)). In conclusion, although this is only a small series it seems that childhood BL in Israel has the clinical characteristics of sporadic, non-African type with 34% EBV association and a low incidence of jaw tumors. Our data suggest that Ashkenazi Jewish children with BL are less likely to have EBV positive tumors than other ethnic groups. However, more patients will need to be studied in order to assess the validity of this observation.
Geometrical Analysis of Diffuser-Nozzle Elements for Valveless Micropumps (2019)

This paper reports a geometrical analysis and tuning-approach for diffuser-nozzle elements for valveless micropumps. Finite element analysis studies are performed in order to investigate the impact of the angle, curvature ratio, and length of the diffuser on the pumping efficiency. Parametric sweep studies are implemented at Reynolds number (Re) values ranging from 10 to 100 while observing the pressure coefficients in the nozzle and diffuser directions, as well as the flow separation and the resultant efficiency of the diffuser. The results suggest that a diffuser with an angle of 10° and a curvature ratio of 0.4 possesses the highest efficiency among the other diffusers within the Re range of this study. In addition, it is observed that the length of the diffuser has a positive effect on the efficiency, where the length is usually restricted by the overall size of the device. The results provide comprehensive designing guidelines for diffusers elements that can be used in microfluidic devices for various biomedical applications.
Dynamics and Energetics of Impacts in Crutch Walking (2010)

The impulsive dynamics associated with the impact of the crutch with the ground is an important topic of research, since this is known to be the main cause of energy loss during crutch gait. In this article, a four-segmental 2D model based on anthropometric body segment parameters is used to analyze various dynamics aspects of such impact. For this purpose, a novel formulation based on the decomposition of the tangent space of the biomechanical system to two subspaces associated with the constrained and admissible motions is developed. Detailed numerical analysis is presented to discuss the effects of body configuration and crutch length on the kinetic energy redistribution, velocity change and impulsive contact forces generated. The conclusions reached via this analysis give guidelines for optimal crutch selection or crutch-use teaching that can be applied to injured subjects. For instance, to reduce energy consumption which leads to a reduction of muscular fatigue.
Cardiovascular Changes During Maturation and Ageing in Male and Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2011)

Ageing male SHRs in contrast to the female SHRs, better mimic the chronic heart failure in humans produced by chronic hypertension. Ageing male SHRs could then be used to investigate proposed therapeutic interventions for chronic congestive heart failure in humans.
Coupling Fluid Flow and Rock Mechanics: Formulations of the Partial Coupling Between Reservoir and Geomechanical Simulators (2002)

During high porosity reservoir production, the rock compaction is a complex phenomenon that depends on the rock constitutive behavior, the reservoir stress path, etc. Reservoir compaction can hardly be analyzed with conventional reservoir simulators as the pore compressibility factor, the only mechanical parameter used in such simulators, is not sufficient to represent the complex phenomena involved. In order to solve correctly this problem, the full thermohydro- mechanical equations must be addressed. The corresponding set of equations can be either solved simultaneously (fully coupled scheme) or using a conventional reservoir simulator in conjunction with a geomechanical simulator and information exchanges between the two simulators (partial coupling). The paper presents three formulations of the partial coupling, which are obtained in the framework of single-phase flow and a linear elastic isotropic rock behavior. This simple framework makes possible an easy and rigorous derivation of the porosity correction to be appended to the reservoir Lagrange's porosity used in the reservoir simulator. The porosity correction depends on the pore compressibility factor and a mechanical contribution that can be expressed either in terms of volumetric strain, pore volume change, or the mean total stress change. One formulation is tested on a numerical test that depicts the water flood through a laboratory core sample initially saturated with oil and constrained to uniaxial strain. The numerical test illustrates the importance of the mechanical effects on the fluid flow problem and validates the partial coupling proposed. The example also highlights the role of the pore compressibility factor in the partially coupled reservoir simulation. Actually, in the partially (iteratively) coupled approach, the pore compressibility factor can be interpreted as a relaxation parameter controlling the convergence speed of the iterative process between reservoir simulation and geomechanical simulation.
The nomenclature, definition and classification of discordant atrioventricular connections (2006)

During the process of creation of a bidirectional crossmap between the system emerging, on the one hand, from the initiative sponsored by the Congenital Heart Committees of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and on the other hand, from that formulated by the Coding Committee of the European Association for Pediatric Cardiology, the Nomenclature Working Group has successfully created the International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code. As would be expected, during the process of crossmapping it became clear that, for most lesions, the European Pediatric Cardiac Code was more complete in its description of the diagnoses, while the International Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project was more complete in its description of the procedures. This process of crossmapping exemplifies the efforts of the Nomenclature Working Group to create a comprehensive and all-inclusive international system for the naming of paediatric and congenital cardiac disease, the International Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code. Although names and classification for paediatric and congenital cardiac disease will continue to evolve over time, we are now closer than ever to reaching uniform international agreement and standardization. The International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code can be downloaded from the Internet, free of charge, at www.ipccc. net.
Electromyographical and Perceptual Responses to Different Resistance Intensities in a Squat Protocol (2015)

This investigation examined peak motor unit activity during sets that differed in resistance (50, 70, or 90% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]). Ten resistance-trained men (age, 23 ± 3 years; height, 187 ± 7 cm; body mass, 91.5 ± 6.9 kg; squat 1RM, 141 ± 28 kg) were assessed by electromyography (EMG) on the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles in a randomized within-subject experiment consisting of 2 test visits: a drop-set day and a single-set day using only the 50% of 1RM intensity performed to failure. At the start of each day, subjects performed 2 submaximal repetition sets (50% 1RM × 10 repetitions and 70% 1RM × 7 repetitions). On the drop-set day, subjects performed 3 consecutive maximal repetition sets at 90%, 70%, and 50% 1RM to failure with no rest periods in between. On the single-set day, subjects performed a maximal repetition set at 50% 1RM to failure. Overall, the maximal repetition sets to failure at 50% and 70% 1RM resulted in higher peak EMG amplitude than during submaximal repetition sets with the same resistance. However, peak EMG amplitude was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater in the maximal 90% 1RM set than all other sets performed. When sets were performed to failure, ratings of perceived exertion (CR-10) did not differ over the intensity range of loads and suggests that perception is not capable of accurately detecting the actual amount of motor unit activation. The results of this investigation indicate that using higher external resistance is a more effective means of increasing motor unit activity than increasing the number of repetitions performed with lighter weights even when the end point is muscular failure. Accordingly, previous recommendations for the use of heavier loads during resistance training programs to stimulate the maximal development of strength and hypertrophy are further supported.
Space-Time Multi-Resolution Banded Graph-Cut for Fast Segmentation. (Technical Report) (2008)

You are granted permission for the non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display, and performance of this technical report in any format, BUT this permission is only for a period of 45 (forty-five) days from the most recent time that you verified that this technical report is still available from the original MI_tech website http://www.mi.auckland.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=91&Itemid=76 . All other rights are reserved by the author(s).
Historical heterogeneity predicts smiling (2017)

Facial behavior is a valuable source of information about an individual's feelings and intentions. However, many factors combine to influence and moderate facial behavior including personality, gender, context, and culture. Due to the high cost of traditional observational methods, the relationship between culture and facial behavior is not well-understood. In the current study, we explored the sociocultural factors that influence facial behavior using large-scale observational analyses. We developed and implemented an algorithm to automatically analyze the smiling of 866,726 participants across 31 different countries. We found that participants smiled more when from a country that is higher in individualism, has a lower population density, and has a long history of immigration diversity (i.e., historical heterogeneity). Our findings provide the first evidence that historical heterogeneity predicts actual smiling behavior. Furthermore, they converge with previous findings using selfreport methods. Taken together, these findings support the theory that historical heterogeneity explains, and may even contribute to the development of, permissive cultural display rules that encourage the open expression of emotion.
Antibacterial Activity of Silver-nanoparticles Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (2011)

The antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were studied with respect to Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli by observing the bacterial cells treated or not with Ag-NPs by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) as well as measuring the growth curves, formation of bactericidal reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein leakage, and lactate dehydrogenase activity involved in the respiratory chain. Bacterial cells were treated with Ag-NPs powder, and the growth rates were investigated under varying concentrations of Ag-NPs, incubation times, incubation temperatures, and pHs. As a result, S. aureus and E. coli were shown to be substantially inhibited by Ag-NPs, and the antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs did not fluctuate with temperature or pH. These results suggest that Ag-NPs could be used as an effective antibacterial material.
NH-HAZE: An Image Dehazing Benchmark with Non-Homogeneous Hazy and Haze-Free Images (2020)

Image dehazing is an ill-posed problem that has been extensively studied in the recent years. The objective performance evaluation of the dehazing methods is one of the major obstacles due to the lacking of a reference dataset. While the synthetic datasets have shown important limitations, the few realistic datasets introduced recently assume homogeneous haze over the entire scene. Since in many real cases haze is not uniformly distributed we introduce NH-HAZE, a non-homogeneous realistic dataset with pairs of real hazy and corresponding haze-free images. This is the first nonhomogeneous image dehazing dataset and contains 55 outdoor scenes. The non-homogeneous haze has been introduced in the scene using a professional haze generator that imitates the real conditions of hazy scenes. Additionally, this work presents an objective assessment of several state- of-the-art single image dehazing methods that were evaluated using NH-HAZE dataset.
Contraction in cardiac endothelial cells contributes to changes in capillary dimensions following ischaemia and reperfusion (2000)

(1) The endothelial contractile apparatus is involved in the reduction in cross-sectional dimensions. (2) This implies that the capillary bed may have a greater role in the local control of flow than was previously thought and that modulation of the actomyosin contractile system in cardiac capillary endothelial cells may be useful in reducing 'no reflow' injury which results from reperfusion.
Macro and Microstructural Engineering of Piezoelectric Ceramics (2013)

Dimension, shape and materials’ properties are the most basic characteristics of a piezoelectric ceramic transducer determining the device performance. In our studies better electromechanical performance was obtained from piezoelectric ceramic itself by creating designs based on built-in amplification mechanisms obtained through the shape and geometry of the transducer, i.e. the macroscale engineering. Piezoceramics in thin hollow shell and fiber forms were fabricated by slip casting and alginate gelation. Additionally, improving materials properties along preferred directions can be achieved through the fabrication of crystallographically textured piezoceramics, i.e. Microscale Engineering. Alginate gelation and templated grain growth was used to produce them.