gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EEG-Based Asynchronous BCI Controls Functional Electrical Stimulation in a Tetraplegic Patient (2005)

The present study reports on the use of an EEG-based asynchronous (uncued, user-driven) brain-computer interface (BCI) for the control of functional electrical stimulation (FES). By the application of FES, noninvasive restoration of hand grasp function in a tetraplegic patient was achieved. The patient was able to induce bursts of beta oscillations by imagination of foot movement. These beta oscillations were recorded in a one EEG-channel configuration, bandpass filtered and squared. When this beta activity exceeded a predefined threshold, a trigger for the FES was generated. Whenever the trigger was detected, a subsequent switching of a grasp sequence composed of 4 phases occurred. The patient was able to grasp a glass with the paralyzed hand completely on his own without additional help or other technical aids.
Syngas production from CH4 and CO2 over Ni/CeO2 catalysts (2015)

International audience
Kelvin Notation for Stabilizing Elastic-Constant Inversion (1998)

Inverting a set of core-sample traveltime measurements for a complete set of 21 elastic constants is a difficult problem. If the 21 elastic constants are directly used as the inversion parameters, a few bad measurements or an unfortunate starting guess may result in the inversion converging to a physically impossible solution . Even given perfect data, multiple solutions may exist that predict the observed traveltimes equally well. We desire the inversion algorithm to converge not just to a physically possible solution, but to the best(i. e. most physically likely) solution of all those allowed. We present a new parameterization that attempts to solve these difficulties. The search space is limited to physically realizable media by making use of the Kelvin eigenstiffness-eigentensor representation of the 6 x 6 elastic stiffness matrix. Instead of 21 stiffnesses, there are 6 eigenstiffness parametersand 15 rotational parameters . The rotational parameters are defined using a Lie-algebra representation that avoids the artificial degeneracies and coordinate-system bias that can occur with standard polar representations. For any choice of these 21 real parameters, the corresponding stiffness matrix is guaranteed to be physically realizable. Furthermore, all physically realizable matrices can be represented in this way. This new parameterization still leaves considerable latitude as to which linear combinations of the Kelvin parameters to use, and how they should be ordered. We demonstrate that by careful choice and ordering of the parameters, the inversion can be relaxedfrom higher to lower symmetry simply by adding a few more parameters at a time. By starting from isotropy and relaxing to the general result in stages (isotropy, transverse isotropy, orthorhombic, general), we expect that the method should find the solution that is closest to isotropy of all those that fit the data.
Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray Reflectivity Studies of Albumin Adsorbed onto Self-Assembled Monolayers of Hexadecyltrichlorosilane (1998)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray reflectivity (XR) have been used together to provide a detailed and direct look at the structure of human serum albumin protein adsorbed onto well-characterized self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces at several protein concentrations. The duration of SAM deposition was also varied to investigate the influence of the density of hydrocarbon chains in the SAM on protein binding tenacity. Concurrent study of adsorption to bare silicon wafers with native oxide surfaces provided a comparison with a hydrophilic surface similar to widely studied glass and quartz surfaces. Both AFM and XR measurements showed that after adsorption, rinsing, and drying, the surfaces of all substrates were covered with no more than a single layer of adsorbed protein. Thin dense protein layers were seen for the substrates exposed to protein concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL. Partial surface coverage by protein aggregates having larger thicknesses was seen for substrates exposed to lower concentrations. The tenacity of the protein adsorption on different substrates was tested by eluting the adsorbed protein with a 1% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant. This treatment removed almost all protein from the bare silicon surface and from the fully formed, dense SAMs. A significant amount of adsorbed protein remained on the surface of the less dense, “incomplete” monolayers, suggesting that protein adsorbed more tenaciously on that surface.
Power modulation to stabilize laser welding of copper (2015)

Due to its high electric and thermal conductivity, copper has a wide range of applications. Many of those require an efficient and reliable welding process most preferably performed with laser beams. The low absorptivity of copper at a wavelength of 1 μm together with its high heat conductivity however make remote laser welding of copper a challenging task. With the currently commercially available lasers, welds with penetration depths of several millimeters in copper can only be achieved at comparatively low welding speeds (v &amp;lt; 10 m/min), which, however, leads to numerous defects such as melt ejections and pores. In this paper, we discuss the approach of laser power modulation to stabilize the welding of copper. It is demonstrated that the modulation of the laser power with the appropriate parameters significantly improves the weld quality. The influence of the average power, the modulation amplitude, welding speed, focal diameter, and modulation frequency on the welding quality is discussed.
PETROCHEMICAL PROMOTERS IN CATALYTIC CRACKING (2009)

This study is based on the current scheme followed by a refinery with available Catalytic Cracking capacity to process new feedstocks such as Straight Run Naphtha and Naphthas from FCC. These feedstocks are of petrochemical interest to produce Ethane, Ethylene, Propylene, i-Butane, Toluene and Xylene. To evaluate the potential of these new streams versus the Cracking-charged Residues, it was performed a detailed chemical analysis on the structural groups in carbons [C1-C12] at the reactor product obtained in pilot plant. A catalyst with and without Propylene - Promoter Additive was used. This study analyzes the differences in the chemical composition of the feedstocks, relating them to the yield of each petrochemical product. Straight Run Naphthas with a high content of Naphthenes, and Paraffines n[C5-C12] and i[C7-C12] are selective to the production of i-Butane and Propane, while Naphthas from FCC with a high content of n[C5-C12]Olefins, i-Olefins, and Aromatics are more selective to Propylene, Toluene, and Xylene. Concerning Catalytic Cracking of Naphthas, the Additive has similar selectivity for all the petrochemical products, their yields increase by about one point with 4%wt of Additive, while in cracking of Residues, the Additive increases in three points Propylene yield, corresponding to a selectivity of 50% (ΔC3= / ΔLPG).
Breaking the Human-Robot Deadlock: Surpassing Shared Control Performance Limits with Sparse Human-Robot Interaction (2017)

Human machine teaming has, for decades, been conceptualized as a function allocation (FA) or levels of autonomy (LOA) process: the human is suited for some tasks, while the machine is suitable for others, and as machines improve they take over duties previously assigned to humans. A wide variety of methods-including adaptive, adjustable, blended, supervisory and mixed initiative control, implemented discretely or continuously, as potential fields, as virtual fixture interfaces, or haptic interfaces-are derivatives of FA/LOA. We formalize FA/LOA (and all their derivatives) under a single mathematical formulation called classical shared control (CSC). Despite the widespread adoption of CSC, we prove that it fails to optimize human and robot agreement and intent if either the human or robot model displays "intention ambiguity" (e.g., the human's intended goal is unclear or the robot finds multiple viable solutions). Practically, this suboptimality can manifest as unnecessary and unresolvable disagreement (an unnecessary deadlock). For instance, if the robot chooses to go left around an obstacle and the human chooses to go right, CSC only provides two solutions: freeze in place or collide with the obstacle (we provide a wide variety of failure examples in [52], https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09490). We find that CSC suboptimality stems from arbitrating over model samples, rather than over models. Our key insight is thus to arbitrate over human and robot distributions; we prove this method optimizes human and robot agreement and intent and resolves deadlocking. Our key contribution is computationally efficient distribution arbitration: if the human and robot carry N h t and N R t "intentions," the joint (naively) has N h t N R t intentions. In our approach, deadlock solutions have vanishingly small coefficients and only N min = arg min{N h t , N R t } non-zero coefficients remain: our joint has fewer modes than the individual agent models. We call our approach N min -sparse generalized shared control.
Hyperthermia Reduces Irradiation‐Induced Tumor Repopulation in an In Vivo Pancreatic Carcinoma Model (2023)

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and ability to metastasize at an early stage. Currently, its management is still a challenge because this neoplasm is resistant to conventional treatment approaches, among which is chemo-radiotherapy (CRT), due to the abundant stromal compartment involved in the mechanism of hypoxia. Hyperthermia, among other effects, counteracts hypoxia by promoting blood perfusion and thereby can enhance the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT). Therefore, the establishment of integrated treatments would be a promising strategy for the management of pancreatic carcinoma. Here, the effects of joint radiotherapy/hyperthermia (RT/HT) on optimized chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) pancreatic tumor models are investigated. This model enables a thorough assessment of the tumor-arresting effect of the combined approach as well as the quantitative evaluation of hypoxia and cell cycle-associated mechanisms by both gene expression analysis and histology. The analysis of the lower CAM allows to investigate the variation of the metastatic behaviors of the cancer cells associated with the treatments. Overall, this study provides a potentially effective combined strategy for the non-invasive management of pancreatic carcinoma.
Identification and Functional Characterization of a new Sunflower Germacrene A Synthase (HaGAS3) (2010)

Sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones are major natural compounds found in linear and capitate glandular trichomes of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. In addition to two recently identified germacrene A synthases HaGAS1 and HaGAS2, found in capitate trichome gland cells, reverse transcription-PCR experiments have now allowed identification of a third enzyme of this type, HaGAS3. Its cDNA sequence was established and its functional characterization as a germacrene A synthase was achieved through in vitro expression in engineered yeast, and by GC-MS experiments. PCR and RT-PCR experiments with cDNA from different plant organs revealed that the new enzyme is expressed independently from the other two. While these latter two were expressed in plant organs bearing capitate glandular trichomes and in roots, the new enzyme occurred in plant tissues not linked to the presence of specific trichomes (for example, cotyledons), and was absent in roots. The experiments show that independently regulated pathways for the first cyclic sesquiterpene, germacrene A, are present in sunflower.
Determination of collagen fiber orientation in human tissue by use of polarization measurement of molecular second-harmonic-generation light (2004)

Based on the reflection-type polarization measurement of second-harmonic-generation (SHG) light induced by collagen molecules, we are able to determine the collagen fiber orientation in human tissues taken from a cadaver. The resulting SHG radar graph shows the direction of the absolute orientation and the degree of organization of collagen fibers. To evaluate the probing sensitivity to the collagen orientation, we compared the proposed method with other polarimetric methods. Use of the proposed method revealed characteristic orientation differences among collagen fibers and demonstrated significant inhomogeneity with respect to the distribution of collagen orientation in human dentin. The proposed method provides a powerful research and diagnostic tool for examining the collagen orientation in human tissues.
Cost-based optimization in DB2 XML (2006)

DB2 XML is a hybrid database system that combines the relational capabilities of DB2 Universal Database™ (UDB) with comprehensive native XML support. DB2 XML augments DB2® UDB with a native XML store, XML indexes, and query processing capabilities for both XQuery and SQL/XML that are integrated with those of SQL. This paper presents the extensions made to the DB2 UDB compiler, and especially its cost-based query optimizer, to support XQuery and SQL/XML queries, using much of the same infrastructure developed for relational data queried by SQL. It describes the challenges to the relational infrastructure that supporting XQuery and SQL/XML poses and provides the rationale for the extensions that were made to the three main parts of the optimizer: the plan operators, the cardinality and cost model, and statistics collection.
Electronically tunable monopole antenna (2008)

In conclusion, wider operating bandwidths can be realized with 3λ/8 monopole antenna elements and a switch-able capacitive load circuit. This paper recognizes that a single monopole antenna has a bandwidth limitation and provides an electronic method to address the limitation. Typical applications that can benefit from this proposed configuration are portable radio whip antennas, fixed and mobile radio antennas particularly at the VHF and UHF public safety bands.
Unsubstituted 1- and 2-phosphabutadienes: preparation and spectroscopic characterization (1993)

International audience
Tabanid (Diptera) Populations Associated with an Equine Infectious Anemia Outbreak in an Inapparently Infected Herd of Horses (1984)

Seven horses positive for antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus in the agar gel immunodiffusion test were maintained together with 8 test-negative horses in an isolated pasture in south Louisiana for 1 year. Although the test-positive horses were inapparently infected (exhibiting no clinical signs of equine infectious anemia), 6 of the 8 test-negative horses became test-positive during 1 vector season. Canopy trap surveillance revealed Hybomitra lasiophthalma as the only tabanid species present during 2 equine infectious anemia virus transmissions in March. A high population of Tabanus lineola was present during the remaining 4 virus transmissions in July, September, and October.
Engineering Leadership Development using an Interdisciplinary Competition-based Approach (2018)

Use of experiential learning has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for engineering leadership development. However, experiential learning involving the integration of disciplines outside of engineering, specifically leadership development experiences including business majors, seems to be an untapped area. This educational gap could be problematic, as an abundance of anecdotal evidence, documented by Rogers and Freuler, and calls by professional engineering organizations, including ASEE and NAE, suggesting that engineers must learn to work with accounting, marketing, communications, and other functional groups within the business structure to attain project success in the "real world."
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase in ischemia: evidence for sulfhydryl modification (1987)

After coronary occlusion and reflow, carbohydrate catabolism is enhanced, whereas fatty acid utilization is delayed. To test the hypothesis that "stunning" of fatty acid use by ischemic heart reflects reduced fatty acid transport into the mitochondria, two activities involved in the transport were examined: carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II). The maximal velocity for carnitine exchange of the translocase is reduced 55% in mitochondria isolated from ischemic canine heart (60-min left circumflex occlusion). Mitochondria from ischemic heart show 50% depletion in total matrix glutathione, a 200% increase in glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and an 80% decrease in the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to GSSG, suggesting that the loss of translocase activity may be a consequence of protein sulfhydryl modifications. In support of this, treatment of these mitochondria with the sulfhydryl-reducing agents, GSH or dithiothreitol, restores carnitine exchange to control. Partial return of mitochondrial GSH and a decrease in GSSG are observed with a 20-min reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium. Continued depression in carnitine exchange with reperfusion suggests that other mechanisms may prevent restoration of activity. Import of palmitoylcarnitine on the translocase is coupled to palmitoyl-CoA production by CPT II. Mitochondria from ischemic heart with decreased coupling activity also have the lowest palmitoylcarnitine-supported respiratory rates, suggesting that in severely ischemic tissue the translocation-transesterification sequence may become rate limiting to fatty acid oxidation.
Measured Performance of a 35 Kilowatt Roof Top Photovoltaic System (2003)

A 35 kW roof top photovoltaic (PV) system has been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The system, located on the flat roof that connects NIST’s Administration Building to its adjoining conference and cafeteria facilities, produced NIST’s first site-generated renewable energy on September 14, 2001. In addition to providing electrical energy and reducing monthly peak electrical loads, the rear surface of each module is laminated to 51 mm of extruded polystyrene enhancing the thermal performance of the roof. A unique ballast system secures the photovoltaic system, eliminating the need for roof penetrations. An instrumentation and data acquisition package was installed to record the ambient temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and the electrical energy delivered to the grid. Additional solar radiation instruments were installed after determining that the original solar radiation sensor was influenced by reflections from the south-facing wall of the Administration Building’s tower. NIST’s electric utility billing schedule includes energy and peak demand charges. The generation charges vary significantly depending upon the time interval — off-peak, intermediate, and on-peak — during which the energy is consumed. The schedule is divided into summer billing months (June-October) and winter billing months (November-May). During the winter billing months, the distribution, transmission, and generation peak demand charges are based on the greatest power demand imposed by the site on the grid. During the summer billing months an additional demand charge is imposed to capture electrical demand during the onpeak time interval. This paper summarizes the monthly and annual measured performance of the photovoltaic system. The monthly energy produced by the system is tabulated. Conversion efficiencies — computed using solar radiation measurements from a single photovoltaic cell radiation sensor, four thermopile-based radiation sensors located around the perimeter of the photovoltaic array, and a remotely located thermopile-based radiation sensor, are presented. Using the electric utility’s rate schedule, the monetary savings credited to the photovoltaic system is determined by combining the cost of the displaced energy with the reduction in peak demand charges attributable to the photovoltaic system. Finally, using utility provided data and the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Benefits Calculator, estimates are made of the avoided emissions of the photovoltaic system over its projected life span.
Phosphogypsum purification for plaster production: A process optimization using full factorial design (2017)

The phosphogypsum (PG) is a byproduct of the phosphate fertilizers manufacture. The world production estimated to 200 million tons per year induces environmental threats and storage problems, which requires strict policies to limit pollution and encourage its valorization. This paper presents a purification process of the crude PG including treatment with a diluted sulfuric acid, floatation, filtration and washing. The purified PG is used to produce plaster. The process optimization was conducted using a full factorial design. The significant factors considered in the experimental study are temperature (X1), volume of sulfuric acid solution (X2) and PG quantity (X3). The main effects and interaction effects of these factors on the responses of the % P2O5, % F, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (mg.kg -1 ) and pH were analyzed. The optimum conditions for X1, X2 and X3 were found to be 60C, 3 L and 1 kg, respectively and the optimized pH values was found to be 6.2. Under these conditions, 60% of P2O5, 95% of Fluorine and 98% of TOC were removed from PG. The predicted values were found approximately the same as the experimental ones. The plaster produced with purified PG was found to have similar properties to that produced from natural gypsum.
Improving 3D U-Net for Brain Tumor Segmentation by Utilizing Lesion Prior (2019)

We propose a novel, simple and effective method to integrate lesion prior and a 3D U-Net for improving brain tumor segmentation. First, we utilize the ground-truth brain tumor lesions from a group of patients to generate the heatmaps of different types of lesions. These heatmaps are used to create the volume-of-interest (VOI) map which contains prior information about brain tumor lesions. The VOI map is then integrated with the multimodal MR images and input to a 3D U-Net for segmentation. The proposed method is evaluated on a public benchmark dataset, and the experimental results show that the proposed feature fusion method achieves an improvement over the baseline methods. In addition, our proposed method also achieves a competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.