gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Level Statistical Investigation of Equilibrium Solubility in Simulated Fasted and Fed Intestinal Fluid (2017)

The oral route is the preferred option for drug administration but contains the inherent issue of drug absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) in order to elicit systemic activity. A prerequisite for absorption is drug dissolution, which is dependent upon drug solubility in the variable milieu of GIT fluid, with poorly soluble drugs presenting a formulation and biopharmaceutical challenge. Multiple factors within GIT fluid influence solubility ranging from pH to the concentration and ratio of amphiphilic substances, such as phospholipid, bile salt, monoglyceride, and cholesterol. To aid in vitro investigation simulated intestinal fluids (SIF) covering the fasted and fed state have been developed. SIF media is complex and statistical design of experiment (DoE) investigations have revealed the range of solubility values possible within each state due to physiological variability along with the media factors and factor interactions which influence solubility. However, these studies require large numbers of experiments (>60) and are not feasible or sensible within a drug development setting. In the current study a smaller dual level, reduced experimental number (20) DoE providing three arms covering the fasted and fed states along with a combined analysis has been investigated. The results indicate that this small scale investigation is feasible and provides solubility ranges that encompass published data in human and simulated fasted and fed fluids. The measured fasted and fed solubility ranges are in agreement with published large scale DoE results in around half of the cases, with the differences due to changes in media composition between studies. Indicating that drug specific behaviors are being determined and that careful media factor and concentration level selection is required in order to determine a physiologically relevant solubility range. The study also correctly identifies the major single factor or factors which influence solubility but it is evident that lower significance factors (for example bile salt) are not picked up due to the lower sample number employed. A similar issue is present with factor interactions with only a limited number available for study and generally not determined to have a significant solubility impact due to the lower statistical power of the study. The study indicates that a reduced experimental number DoE is feasible, will provide solubility range results with identification of major solubility factors however statistical limitations restrict the analysis. The approach therefore represents a useful initial screening tool that can guide further in depth analysis of a drug's behavior in gastrointestinal fluids.
Statistical Meta-Analysis of Presentation Attacks for Secure Multibiometric Systems (2016)

Prior work has shown that multibiometric systems are vulnerable to presentation attacks, assuming that their matching score distribution is identical to that of genuine users, without fabricating any fake trait. We have recently shown that this assumption is not representative of current fingerprint and face presentation attacks, leading one to overestimate the vulnerability of multibiometric systems, and to design less effective fusion rules. In this paper, we overcome these limitations by proposing a statistical meta-model of face and fingerprint presentation attacks that characterizes a wider family of fake score distributions, including distributions of known and, potentially, unknown attacks. This allows us to perform a thorough security evaluation of multibiometric systems against presentation attacks, quantifying how their vulnerability may vary also under attacks that are different from those considered during design, through an uncertainty analysis. We empirically show that our approach can reliably predict the performance of multibiometric systems even under never-before-seen face and fingerprint presentation attacks, and that the secure fusion rules designed using our approach can exhibit an improved trade-off between the performance in the absence and in the presence of attack. We finally argue that our method can be extended to other biometrics besides faces and fingerprints.
1‐Phosphino‐2‐sulfenylferrocenes as Planar Chiral Ligands in Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved mechanical properties of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyimide composites by hot stretching (2018)

High heat resistance composites based on thermoplastic polyimide resin and aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube sheets have been developed using hot-melt processing method with a vacuum-assisted system. The horizontally aligned carbon nanotube sheets were produced from vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays using drawing and press-winding techniques. Effects of processing conditions, carbon nanotube contents, and hot stretching on the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. The aligned carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyimide composites were fabricated successfully at a temperature of 410℃ under 2 MPa pressure. The surface morphologies of the composites showed high alignment and dense packing of carbon nanotubes, and a good impregnation of the thermoplastic polyimide matrix into the aligned carbon nanotube sheets. The best mechanical properties of the aligned carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyimide composites were achieved at the carbon nanotube volume fraction of about 50% in this study. Hot stretching of the aligned carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyimide composites at the temperatures above the glass transition temperature and below the melting temperature improved the mechanical properties of the composites considerably.
Teaching Health Literacy and Digital Literacy Together at University Level: The FLOURISH Module (2023)

Many universities have wellness programs to promote overall health and well-being. Using students' own personal data as part of improving their own wellness would seem to be a natural fit given that most university students are already data and information literate. In this work, we aim to show how the interplay between health literacy and data literacy can be used and taught together. The method we use is the development and delivery of the FLOURISH module, an accredited, online-only but extra-curricular course that delivers practical tips in the areas that impact students' everyday wellness including sleep, nutrition, work habits, procrastination, relationships with others, physical activity, positive psychology, critical thinking, and more. For most of these topics, students gather personal data related to the topic and submit an analysis of their data for assessment thus demonstrating how students can use their personal data for their benefit. More than 350 students have taken the module and an analysis of the use of online resources, as well as feedback on the module experience, are presented. The contributions of this article are to further endorse the need for health literacy and digital literacy for students, and we demonstrate that these can be taught together making each literacy more appealing to the digital natives of Generation Z who make up the majority of students. The implications for public health research and practice are that two student literacies, health and digital, are not independent and for our students, they should be taught together.
Fast and Accurate Tensor Completion With Total Variation Regularized Tensor Trains (2020)

We propose a new tensor completion method based on tensor trains. The to-be-completed tensor is modeled as a low-rank tensor train, where we use the known tensor entries and their coordinates to update the tensor train. A novel tensor train initialization procedure is proposed specifically for image and video completion, which is demonstrated to ensure fast convergence of the completion algorithm. The tensor train framework is also shown to easily accommodate Total Variation and Tikhonov regularization due to their low-rank tensor train representations. Image and video inpainting experiments verify the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of both speed and scalability, where a speedup of up to 155× is observed compared to state-of-the-art tensor completion methods at a similar accuracy. Moreover, we demonstrate the proposed scheme is especially advantageous over existing algorithms when only tiny portions (say, 1%) of the to-be-completed images/videos are known.
REDE URBANA E EDUCAÇÃO EM RORAIMA (2010)

O trabalho analisa o estado atual da organizacao espacial do sistema educacional do Estado de Roraima relacionando-o com a sua rede urbana e discutindo questoes de centralizacao e descentralizacao. A capital, Boa Vista, concentra a maioria das instituicoes de educacao por dependencia administrativa. Entretanto, existem em todos os municipios a pre-escola municipal, o ensino fundamental municipal e estadual e o ensino medio estadual. No ensino superior, Boa Vista concentra 108 dos 164 cursos superiores do Estado. Observa-se, desde 2001, o surgimento e expansao do ensino superior privado em Boa Vista e, desde 2005, do ensino superior estadual na capital e em mais 11 municipios do Estado, nas sedes municipais e, surpreendentemente, em tres muito pequenas localidades. O artigo conclui apontando a necessidade do planejamento integrado da educacao em Roraima, valorizando sua perspectiva espacial para a otimizacao dos recursos.
Fast Outage Analysis of Large-Scale Production Clouds with Service Correlation Mining (2021)

Cloud-based services are surging into popularity in recent years. However, outages, i.e., severe incidents that always impact multiple services, can dramatically affect user experience and incur severe economic losses. Locating the root-cause service, i.e., the service that contains the root cause of the outage, is a crucial step to mitigate the impact of the outage. In current industrial practice, this is generally performed in a bootstrap manner and largely depends on human efforts: the service that directly causes the outage is identified first, and the suspected root cause is traced back manually from service to service during diagnosis until the actual root cause is found. Unfortunately, production cloud systems typically contain a large number of interdependent services. Such a manual root cause analysis is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we propose COT, the first outage triage approach that considers the global view of service correlations. COT mines the correlations among services from outage diagnosis data. After learning from historical outages, COT can infer the root cause of emerging ones accurately. We implement COT and evaluate it on a real-world dataset containing one year of data collected from Microsoft Azure, one of the representative cloud computing platforms in the world. Our experimental results show that COT can reach a triage accuracy of 82.1%-83.5%, which outperforms the state-of-the-art triage approach by 28.0%-29.7%.
Artificial photosynthesis – concluding remarks (2019)

This paper follows on from the Concluding Remarks presentation of the 3rd Faraday Discussion Meeting on Artificial Photosynthesis, Cambridge, UK, 25-27th March 2019. It aims to discuss the context for the research discussed at this meeting, starting with an overview of the motivation for research on artificial photosynthesis. It then goes onto analysing the composition and trends in the field of artificial photosynthesis, and its scale relative to other related research areas, primarily using the results of searches of publication databases. As such, we hope it provides helpful insights to researchers in the field.
Structural Fixation of Spontaneous Vesicles in Aqueous Mixtures of Polymerizable Anionic and Cationic Surfactants (2003)

Two polymerizable surfactants, cationic methacryloyloxyundecyl trimethylammonium bromide and anionic sodium 4-(ω-methacryloyloxyundecyl)oxy benzene sulfonate, have been synthesized. The microstructures formed by mixtures of these surfactants in aqueous solution include stable vesicles, the structure of which can be fixed by polymerization. Both native and polymerized vesicles are characterized using quasi-elastic and static light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Polymerization captures the bilayer structure without creating appreciable intervesicle cross-linking.
Clinical Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of the Psychotropic Natural Product Kratom (2023)

Oral formulations prepared from the leaves of the kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) plant are increasingly used for their opioid-like effects to self-manage opioid withdrawal and pain. Calls to US poison centers involving kratom exposures increased >50-fold from 2011-2017, one-third of which reported concomitant use of kratom with drugs of abuse. Many of these drugs are eliminated primarily via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and CYP2D6, raising concerns for potential adverse pharmacokinetic kratom-drug interactions. The impact of a single low dose of kratom tea (2 g) on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A probe midazolam (2.5 mg) and CYP2D6 probe dextromethorphan (30 mg) were assessed in 12 healthy adult participants after oral administration. Kratom showed no effect on dextromethorphan area under the plasma concentration time-curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub> ; geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) 0.99 (0.83-1.19) and 0.96 (0.78-1.19), respectively) but a modest increase in midazolam AUC and C<sub>max</sub> (1.39 (1.23-1.57) and 1.50 (1.32-1.70), respectively). Lack of change in midazolam half-life (1.07 (0.98-1.17)) suggested that kratom primarily inhibited intestinal CYP3A. This inference was further supported by a physiologically based pharmacokinetic drug interaction model using the abundant alkaloid mitragynine, a relatively potent CYP3A time-dependent inhibitor in vitro (K<sub>I</sub> , ~4 μM; k<sub>inact</sub> , ~0.07 min<sup>-1</sup> ). This work is the first to clinically evaluate the pharmacokinetic drug interaction potential of kratom. Co-consuming kratom with certain drugs extensively metabolized by CYP3A may precipitate serious interactions. These data fill critical knowledge gaps about the safe use of this increasingly popular natural product, thereby addressing ongoing public health concerns.
k-Abelian pattern matching: Revisited, corrected, and extended (2019)

Two strings of equal length are called k-Abelian equivalent, if they share the same multi-set of factors of length at most k. Ehlers et al. [JDA, 2015] considered the k-Abelian pattern matching problem, where the task is to find all factors in a text T that are k-Abelian equivalent to a pattern P. They claimed a number of algorithmic results for the off-line and on-line versions of the k-Abelian pattern matching problem. In this paper, we first argue that some of the claimed results by Ehlers et al. [JDA, 2015] contain major errors, and then we present a new algorithm that correctly solves the offline version of the problem within the same bounds claimed by Ehlers et al., in O(n+m) time and O(m) space, where n = |T| and m = |P|. We also show how to correct errors in their online algorithm, and errors in their real-time algorithms for a slightly different problem called the extended k-Abelian pattern matching problem.
Buckling strength of coated and uncoated silicon microelectrodes (2004)

A penetrating microelectrode must be sufficiently strong to withstand the forces associated with inserting it into the brain without buckling or fracturing. If the insertion force exceeds the microprobe's buckling strength, the probe will buckle along its shank. The objective of this study was to investigate the buckling strength of thin-film silicon microprobes that include a hollow microchannel along the penetrating shank. The experiments included uncoated, polymer filled, and polymer coated devices. The polymer-coated probes showed a 16% increase in buckling strength, while the polymer filled probes showed a 4% increase over control puffer probes. In both cases, the buckling strengths were 250 times greater than that required for probe implantation in human brains. Filling the microchannel with silicone resulted in a probe that was shatter resistant even under extreme loads. These results indicate that thin-film silicon microprobes can be designed to be suitable for diverse neurophysiological and neurosurgical applications.
Computing rectifying homographies for stereo vision (2003)

Image rectification is the process of applying a pair of 2D projective transforms, or homographies, to a pair of images whose epipolar geometry is known so that epipolar lines in the original images map to horizontally aligned lines in the transformed images. We propose a novel technique for image rectification based on geometrically well defined criteria such that image distortion due to rectification is minimized. This is achieved by decomposing each homography into a specialized projective transform, a similarity transform, followed by a shearing transform. The effect of image distortion at each stage is carefully considered.
Self-Incompatibility: A Self-Recognition System in Plants (1990)

Self-incompatibility (SI), a genetically controlled mechanism to prevent inbreeding in plants, offers a relatively simple model system for studying the interactions between plant cells or between a plant cell and the secreted product or products of another cell. Examples of two major types of SI, gametophytic and sporophytic, have been studied by cloning cDNAs corresponding to glycoproteins of the female tissues that segregate with particular variants encoded by the putative S locus. These secreted glycoproteins are envisaged to interact with the currently undescribed pollen component to cause arrest of pollen tube growth.
A Method of 3D Building Boundary Extraction from Airborne LIDAR Points Cloud (2010)

Building boundary is of great significance for building reconstruction and digital mapping. The emergence of airborne LIDAR technology makes rapid extraction of buildings possible. Based on the analysis of existing buildings extraction method, the article proposes an automatic method for extracting 3D building boundaries directly from airborne LIDAR points cloud, which consists of three steps: firstly, building points are segmented by a multi-resolution directional prediction filter method and roof points are then recognized by a series of refinement procedure; Secondly, TIN mode is built by roof points and initial boundaries are extracted by analysis of height differences among vertices and relationships between vertex and edge of TIN facets. Lastly, initial boundaries are regularized by a modified method for roofs with different shapes. Datasets with different roof types are selected to test the proposed approach and results show that it can correctly extract 3D buildings boundaries from discrete LIDAR points cloud.
Mechanosynthesis of a Coamorphous Formulation of Creatine with Citric Acid and Humidity–Mediated Transformation into a Cocrystal (2020)

We report a simple, efficient, and scalable mechanochemical method of preparation of new creatine fitness supplement with increased solubility (compared to the creatine monohydrate) and decreased acidity (compared to creatine hydrochloride).
Minutiae extraction by adaptive tracing the gray level ridge of the fingerprint image (1999)

This paper presents an improved approach of minutiae detection that adaptively traces the gray level ridge of the originals fingerprint image with piecewise linear lines of different length. While tracing the ridges, the fingerprint image is smoothed with an oriented smoothing filter only at selected pixels where smoothing is necessary. After tracing all the ridges, a piece-wise linear skeleton image is obtained. Each ridge in the skeleton is labeled with a number so that each minutiae is associated with one or two ridge numbers. The post-processing is based not only on the location relationship of the minutiae, but also the associated ridge relationship and the certainty level of the minutiae. The performance of this approach is objectively assessed by using two large fingerprint databases.
Activity-driven, event-based vision sensors (2010)

The four chips presented in the special session on "Activity-driven, event-based vision sensors" quickly output compressed digital data in the form of events. These sensors reduce redundancy and latency and increase dynamic range compared with conventional imagers. The digital sensor output is easily interfaced to conventional digital post processing, where it reduces the latency and cost of post processing compared to imagers. The asynchronous data could spawn a new area of DSP that breaks from conventional Nyquist rate signal processing. This paper reviews the rationale and history of this event-based approach, introduces sensor functionalities, and gives an overview of the papers in this session. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on open questions.
THE ACT OF DISCOVERY (2006)

The active participation in the learning process by the child might result in the following hypothesized benefits: an increase in intellectual potency so as to make the acquired information more readily viable in problem solving, the enaction of the learning activities in terms of the intrinsic reward of discovery itself (as contrasted with the drive-reduction model of learning), learning the heuristics of discovery, and making material more readily accessible in memory. From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:1FD21B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1962-00777-001)
Aromatic-Turmerone Analogs Protect Dopaminergic Neurons in Midbrain Slice Cultures through Their Neuroprotective Activities (2021)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The inflammatory activation of microglia participates in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD. Therefore, chemicals that inhibit microglial activation are considered to have therapeutic potential for PD. Aromatic (ar)-turmerone is a main component of turmeric oil extracted from <i>Curcuma longa</i> and has anti-inflammatory activity in cultured microglia. The aims of the present study are (1) to investigate whether naturally occurring <i>S</i>-enantiomer of ar-turmerone (S-Tur) protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain slice cultures and (2) to examine ar-turmerone analogs that have higher activities than S-Tur in inhibiting microglial activation and protecting dopaminergic neurons. <i>R</i>-enantiomer (R-Tur) and two analogs showed slightly higher anti-inflammatory effects in microglial BV2 cells. S- and R-Tur and these two analogs reversed dopaminergic neurodegeneration triggered by microglial activation in midbrain slice cultures. Unexpectedly, this neuroprotection was independent of the inhibition of microglial activation. Additionally, two analogs more potently inhibited dopaminergic neurodegeneration triggered by a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, than S-Tur. Taken together, we identified two ar-turmerone analogs that directly and potently protected dopaminergic neurons. An investigation using dopaminergic neuronal precursor cells suggested the possible involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in this neuroprotection.
Electrical Switching in Evaporated Lead Phthalocyanine Films (1989)

The switching characteristics of a sandwich cell having a Au-lead phthalocyanine-Au structure were studied. Switching was observed in a film which was evaporated at a rate of 10 Å/s and consisted of a mixture of grains of monoclinic structure and amorphous fraction. The presence of moisture was necessary for switching.