gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Transport in the base of a resonant tunneling light-emitting transistor</title> (1994)

We model the electron transport in the base of the resonant tunneling light emitting transistor, which is a crucial parameter for this device since it determines the spatial distribution of the light output. It is shown that this transport is ruled by diffusion of electrons. Carrier diffusion profiles are determined in the case that the Einstein approximation is valid (a constant diffusion coefficient). In this case, the electron transport under the emitter can be exactly calculated yielding a confluent hypergeometric function as spatial distribution. Better solutions using a charge-dependent diffusion coefficient are indicated (the Stern approach both with and without a magnetic field). This charge-dependent diffusion coefficient is calculated using the quantum capacitance concept. This makes only a numerical solution for the transport equation possible.
NATURAL DISPERSION OF OIL IN A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM: DESAGUADERO PIPELINE SPILL, BOLIVIA (2001)

ABSTRACT During a flood event in January 2000, approximately 29,000 barrels of mixed crude oil and condensate was accidentally released from a fracture in the OSSA II pipeline at a crossing point on the Rio Desaguadero, Bolivia. The resultant downstream impact zone included over 400 km of river banks and 500 km2 of flooded lowlands within the Bolivian Altiplano. Analysis of stranded oil samples recovered from the riverbanks suggested that significant oil loss occurred by evaporation (&amp;gt;40%). With additional data on the amount of surface oil remaining (&amp;lt;0.2%) and oil recovered (3–13%) at the end of cleanup operations, it became apparent that a large fraction of the spilled oil remained unaccountable (27–37%). Laboratory tests were undertaken to assess if oil-mineral aggregate (OMA) formation—a natural process believed to promote rapid oil dispersion—may provide part of the explanation for this unaccounted loss. OMA were generated from local oil, sediment and water samples under simulated field conditions. Epi-fluorescence microscopy analysis verified the presence of flake aggregates that would be formed typically by the interaction of oil with smectite minerals (e.g. montmorillonite). On the basis of these microscopy observations and of mineral analysis of suspended material in water from the spill site, which revealed abundant smectite, it is hypothesized that OMA formation occurred, and that this process facilitated significant removal of residual oil from the ecosystem by enhancing biodegradation rates.
Titelbild: N6‐Methyladenosine‐Sensitive RNA‐Cleaving Deoxyribozymes (Angew. Chem. 46/2018) (2018)

Die Adenosin-Methylierung in RNA wird in der Zuschrift auf S. 15337 von C. Höbartner und Mitarbeitern mithilfe von Deoxyribozymen untersucht. Sie stellen neue RNA-spaltende DNA-Enzyme vor, die spezifische Adenosine in RNA auf das Vorliegen einer Methylgruppe an der exocyclischen N6-Aminogruppe hin prüfen. Die DNA-Enzyme erkennen m6A, eine der häufigsten natürlichen RNA-Modifikationen; zusätzlich führen sie einen präzisen Schnitt in der RNA aus, und sie können genutzt werden, um den Methylierungszustand der RNA zu bestimmen. Die Adenosin-Methylierung in RNA wird in der Zuschrift auf S. 15337 von C. Höbartner und Mitarbeitern mithilfe von Deoxyribozymen untersucht. Sie stellen neue RNA-spaltende DNA-Enzyme vor, die spezifische Adenosine in RNA auf das Vorliegen einer Methylgruppe an der exocyclischen N6-Aminogruppe hin prüfen. Die DNA-Enzyme erkennen m6A, eine der häufigsten natürlichen RNA-Modifikationen; zusätzlich führen sie einen präzisen Schnitt in der RNA aus, und sie können genutzt werden, um den Methylierungszustand der RNA zu bestimmen. Lithiumanoden Molekulare Schalter Enzymstrukturen
Performance Characterization of NVMe-over-Fabrics Storage Disaggregation (2018)

Storage disaggregation separates compute and storage to different nodes to allow for independent resource scaling and, thus, better hardware resource utilization. While disaggregation of hard-drives storage is a common practice, NVMe-SSD (i.e., PCIe-based SSD) disaggregation is considered more challenging. This is because SSDs are significantly faster than hard drives, so the latency overheads (due to both network and CPU processing) as well as the extra compute cycles needed for the offloading stack become much more pronounced. In this work, we characterize the overheads of NVMe-SSD disaggregation. We show that NVMe-over-Fabrics (NVMe-oF)—a recently released remote storage protocol specification—reduces the overheads of remote access to a bare minimum, thus greatly increasing the cost-efficiency of Flash disaggregation. Specifically, while recent work showed that SSD storage disaggregation via iSCSI degrades application-level throughput by 20%, we report on negligible performance degradation with NVMe-oF—both when using stress-tests as well as with a more-realistic KV-store workload.
IL-4-Dependent Th2 Collateral Priming to Inhaled Antigens Independent of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (2004)

Allergic asthma is an inflammatory lung disease thought to be initiated and directed by type 2 helper T cells responding to environmental Ags. The mechanisms by which allergens induce Th2-adaptive immune responses are not well understood, although it is now clear that innate immune signals are required to promote DC activation and Th2 sensitization to inhaled proteins. However, the effect of ongoing Th2 inflammation, as seen in chronic asthma, on naive lymphocyte activation has not been explored. It has been noted that patients with atopic disorders demonstrate an increased risk of developing sensitivities to new allergens. This suggests that signals from an adaptive immune response may facilitate sensitization to new Ags. We used a Th2-adoptive transfer murine model of asthma to identify a novel mechanism, termed "collateral priming," in which naive CD4(+) T cells are activated by adaptive rather than innate immune signals. Th2 priming to newly encountered Ags was dependent on the production of IL-4 by the transferred Th2 population but was independent of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. These results identify a novel mechanism of T cell priming in which an Ag-specific adaptive immune response initiates distinct Ag-specific T cell responses in the absence of classical innate immune system triggering signals.
Chemistry in Nonaqueous Ionizing Solvents. Volume IV. Chemistry in Lower Fatty Acids and Derivates. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry in Nonaqueous Ionizing Solvents. Volume IV. Chemistry in Lower Fatty Acids and Derivates.Stanley. BruckensteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 24, 5703–5704Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01078a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01078a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive rate conversion filter (2005)

Achieving an appropriate rate conversion is a key factor in digital signal processing. In ordinary applications, a conversion ratio is expressed by a simple fraction. Therefore, the rate conversion can be performed by simple hardware. However, if this conversion ratio is time-variant or if it cannot be expressed by a fraction, very complicated and sophisticated hardware is required, using the present techniques. This paper discloses, a new rate conversion algorithm for those conversion ratio conditions. This algorithm reduces the hardware requirement drastically, compared with conventional methods. Validity and usefullness are proven by applying this algorithm to a parallel transmission digital radio demodulator attached to the output from an FFT digital filter bank.
Bacterial bifunctional chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase PheA increases flux into the yeast phenylalanine pathway and improves mandelic acid production (2018)

Mandelic acid is an important aromatic fine chemical and is currently mainly produced via chemical synthesis. Recently, mandelic acid production was achieved by microbial fermentations using engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> expressing heterologous hydroxymandelate synthases (<i>hmaS</i>). The best-performing strains carried a deletion of the gene encoding the first enzyme of the tyrosine biosynthetic pathway and therefore were auxotrophic for tyrosine. This was necessary to avoid formation of the competing intermediate hydroxyphenylpyruvate, the preferred substrate for HmaS, which would have resulted in the predominant production of hydroxymandelic acid. However, feeding tyrosine to the medium would increase fermentation costs. In order to engineer a tyrosine prototrophic mandelic acid-producing <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strain, we tested three strategies: (1) rational engineering of the HmaS active site for reduced binding of hydroxyphenylpyruvate, (2) compartmentalization of the mandelic acid biosynthesis pathway by relocating HmaS together with the two upstream enzymes chorismate mutase Aro7 and prephenate dehydratase Pha2 into mitochondria or peroxisomes, and (3) utilizing a feedback-resistant version of the bifunctional <i>E. coli</i> enzyme PheA (PheA<sup>fbr</sup>) in an <i>aro7</i> deletion strain. PheA has both chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase activity. Whereas the enzyme engineering approaches were only successful in respect to reducing the preference of HmaS for hydroxyphenylpyruvate but not in increasing mandelic acid titers, we could show that strategies (2) and (3) significantly reduced hydroxymandelic acid production in favor of increased mandelic acid production, without causing tyrosine auxotrophy. Using the bifunctional enzyme PheA<sup>fbr</sup> turned out to be the most promising strategy, and mandelic acid production could be increased 12-fold, yielding titers up to 120 mg/L. Moreover, our results indicate that utilizing PheA<sup>fbr</sup> also shows promise for other industrial applications with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> that depend on a strong flux into the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway.
A microarray‐based analysis of transcriptional compartmentalization in the alimentary canal of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae (2008)

The alimentary canal of the larval mosquito displays a considerable degree of physiological compartmentalization among its different anatomical sub-divisions (gastric caeca, anterior midgut, posterior midgut and hindgut). We performed a comparative microarray analysis in order to identify transcripts which are particularly enriched in each gut section. Based on the available annotation of the selected transcripts, we suggest that the metabolism and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates takes place mainly in the gastric caeca and posterior midgut, whereas the anterior midgut specializes in the metabolism and absorption of lipids. Transcripts encoding antimicrobial peptides were found to be enriched in the gastric caeca, and a high enrichment of transcripts associated with enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification was found in the anterior midgut. Furthermore, our data support the notion that the region encompassing the hindgut and Malpighian tubes plays important roles in avoiding the excretion of nutrients, as well as in xenobiotic detoxification.
Transmembrane orientation of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor in isolated clathrin-coated vesicles. (1985)

The mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor is an integral membrane glycoprotein which mediates intracellular transport and receptor-mediated endocytosis of lysosomal proteins. Clathrin-coated vesicles, which have been shown to be significantly involved in these processes, have also been shown to be a major subcellular site of the receptor. In order to define the orientation of the Man-6-P receptor within the coated vesicle membrane, highly purified preparations of coated vesicles were prepared from bovine brain employing D2O/sucrose gradient centrifugation and Sephacryl S-1000 column chromatography. Using [35S]methionine-labeled lysosomal enzymes secreted by Chinese hamster ovary cells as receptor ligand, significant binding activity was detected only upon permeabilization of the coated vesicle membranes with detergent. Prior treatment of intact vesicles with proteinase K resulted in similar binding activity upon permeabilization. However, examination of the receptor by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with rabbit anti-receptor serum revealed that proteinase K treatment of intact vesicles reduced the size of the receptor by 12,000 daltons. A similar decrease in size was obtained when the vesicles were treated with carboxypeptidase Y. These results suggest that the Man-6-P receptor is a transmembrane protein with its lysosomal enzyme binding site oriented toward the lumen of the coated vesicle and its C-terminal end exposed to the exterior or cytoplasmic portion of the vesicle membrane.
UBE1L causes lung cancer growth suppression by targeting cyclin D1 (2008)

UBE1L is the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme for the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein (ISG15). The UBE1L-ISG15 pathway was proposed previously to target lung carcinogenesis by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression. This study extends prior work by reporting that UBE1L promotes a complex between ISG15 and cyclin D1 and inhibited cyclin D1 but not other G1 cyclins. Transfection of the UBE1L-ISG15 deconjugase, ubiquitin-specific protein 18 (UBP43), antagonized UBE1L-dependent inhibition of cyclin D1 and ISG15-cyclin D1 conjugation. A lysine-less cyclin D1 species was resistant to these effects. UBE1L transfection reduced cyclin D1 protein but not mRNA expression. Cycloheximide treatment augmented this cyclin D1 protein instability. UBE1L knockdown increased cyclin D1 protein. UBE1L was independently retrovirally transduced into human bronchial epithelial and lung cancer cells. This reduced cyclin D1 expression and clonal cell growth. Treatment with the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene induced UBE1L and reduced cyclin D1 immunoblot expression. A proof-of-principle bexarotene clinical trial was independently examined for UBE1L, ISG15, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression profiles in pretreatment versus post-treatment tumor biopsies. Increased UBE1L with reduced cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression occurred in human lung cancer when a therapeutic bexarotene intratumoral level was achieved. Thus, a mechanism for UBE1L-mediated growth suppression was found by UBE1L-ISG15 preferentially inhibiting cyclin D1. Molecular therapeutic implications are discussed.
Toxicity Methods for CPPs (2010)

CPPs have for numerous years been utilized as delivery vectors of various pharmaceutically interesting cargoes, both in vitro and in vivo. As CPPs are gradually approaching the bedsides, investigating toxicity associated with these highly interesting peptides becomes increasingly important and thorough initial assessment of cytotoxicity in vitro is a first step towards advancing these delivery vehicles in to the clinics. The present chapter describes protocols for four cytotoxicity assays in order to provide a toolbox for toxicity assessment of CPPs. The foci lie on membrane integrity (deoxyglucose leakage and propidium iodide assays) and cell viability (the MTT assay), but the chapter also provides a protocol for assessing an important parameter for future clinical applications, namely the hemolytic properties of CPPs.
Prognostic value of blood and lymphatic vessel markers in tongue cancer: A systematic review (2019)

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has a poor prognosis due to its early metastasis through blood and lymphatic vessels. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the prognostic significance of blood microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in TSCC patients. We carried out a systematic search in Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries. All studies that evaluated the prognostic significance of MVD/LVD markers in TSCC were systematically retrieved. Our results showed that MVD/LVD markers, CD31, CD34, CD105, factor VIII, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1, and D2-40 were evaluated in TSCC patients until 28 June 2018. Six out of 13 studies reported markers that were associated with poor prognosis in TSCC. Two out of three studies suggested that a high number of D2-40<sup>+</sup> vessels predicated low overall survival (OS); the third study reported that the ratio of D2-40<sup>+</sup> over factor VIII<sup>+</sup> vessels is associated with low OS. Most of the other markers had controversial results for prognostication. We found higher expression of MVD/LVD markers were commonly, but not always, associated with shorter survival in TSCC patients. It is therefore not currently possible to recommend implementation of these markers as reliable prognosticators in clinical practice. More studies (especially for D2-40) with larger patient cohorts are needed.
[Application of Postoperative Chemotherapy on Thymomas and Its Prognostic Effect]. (2016)

Pathologically higher grade histology, incomplete resection, and postoperative radiotherapy were found to be associated with worse outcomes in advanced stage thymic tumors. At present, there is no evidence to show that postoperative chemotherapy may help improve prognosis in patients with Masaoka-Koga-Koga stage III and IV thymic tumors.
Arsenic(III) and Arsenic(V) Reactions with Zerovalent Iron Corrosion Products (2002)

Zerovalent iron (Fe0) has tremendous potential as a remediation material for removal of arsenic from groundwater and drinking water. This study investigates the speciation of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) after reaction with two Fe0 materials, their iron oxide corrosion products, and several model iron oxides. A variety of analytical techniques were used to study the reaction products including HPLC-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The products of corrosion of Fe0 include lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4), and/or maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3), all of which indicate Fe(II) oxidation as an intermediate step in the Fe0 corrosion process. The in-situ Fe0 corrosion reaction caused a high As(III) and As(V) uptake with both Fe0 materials studied. Under aerobic conditions, the Fe0 corrosion reaction did not cause As(V) reduction to As(III) but did cause As(III) oxidation to As(V). Oxidation of As(III) was also caused by maghemite and hematite minerals indicating that the formation of certain iron oxides during Fe0 corrosion favors the As(V) species. Water reduction and the release of OH- to solution on the surface of corroding Fe0 may also promote As(III) oxidation. Analysis of As(III) and As(V) adsorption complexes in the Fe0 corrosion products and synthetic iron oxides by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) gave predominant As-Fe interatomic distances of 3.30-3.36 A. This was attributed to inner-sphere, bidentate As(III) and As(V) complexes. The results of this study suggest that Fe0 can be used as a versatile and economical sorbent for in-situ treatment of groundwater containing As(III) and As(V).
Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Correlations with Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Derived from Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Hemodynamics (2013)

The echocardiographic parameters IVA and RVETD/LVETD can reflect RVEF independently regardless of hemodynamics in patients with PAH. In addition, TAPSE, S', RVFAC and RVETD/LVETD can also reflect PVR in PAH patients.
Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory System (2019)

In many healthcare systems electrical stimulation of the human auditory system, using cochlear implants, is a common treatment for severe to profound deafness. This chapter will describe how electrical stimulation manages to compensate for sensory-neural hearing loss by bypassing the damaged cochlea. The challenges involved in the design and application of cochlear implants will be outlined, including the programming of clinical systems to suit the needs of implanted patients. Today’s variety of patient will be reviewed: unilaterally and bilaterally implanted, bimodal users of a cochlear implant as well as a contralateral hearing aid, CROS device users having either asymmetrical hearing loss or single-sided deafness. Alternative devices such as auditory brainstem implants will be described, and additionally the more experimental auditory mid-brain implants and intraneural stimulation approaches. Research that is likely to bring medium term benefits to the clinical application of cochlear implants will also be described.
Stacking of Negative Refractive Index Cut-Wire Pair Configuration in a Waveguide Environment (2007)

Cut-wire pairs and continuous metal wires are used to achieve a negative refractive index within a waveguide environment. Using a waveguide environment allows the investigation of these elements at oblique incidence of the electromagnetic wave. Stacking of multiple unit cells is used within the waveguide to investigate the "bulk" behavior of the metamaterial. The characterization of multiple layer structures is a prerequisite for the design of lenses.
Characterization of Titanium−Silicon Binary Oxide Catalysts Prepared by the Sol−Gel Method and Their Photocatalytic Reactivity for the Liquid-Phase Oxidation of 1-Octanol (1998)

Titanium−silicon (Ti/Si) binary oxides having different Ti contents were prepared by the sol−gel method and used as photocatalysts. The photocatalytic reactivity of these catalysts was investigated as a function of the Ti content for the liquid-phase oxidation of 1-octanol to 1-octanal, and it was found to be dramatically enhanced in regions of lower Ti content. In situ photoluminescence, UV−vis reflectance, FT-IR, ESR, XAFS, XRD, and XPS spectroscopic investigations of these Ti/Si binary oxides indicated that the titanium oxide species are highly dispersed in the SiO2 matrixes and exist in a tetrahedral coordination exhibiting a characteristic photoluminescence spectrum due to the radiative decay from the charge-transfer excited state of the tetrahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species. The good parallel relationship between the yield of the photoluminescence and the specific photocatalytic reactivity of the Ti/Si binary oxides as a function of the Ti content clearly indicates that the high photocatalytic reactivity of the Ti/Si binary oxides having a low Ti content is associated with the high reactivity of the charge-transfer excited state of the isolated titanium oxide species in tetrahedral coordination, [Ti3+−O-]*.