gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A human pluripotent stem cell platform for assessing developmental neural toxicity screening (2013)

A lack of affordable and effective testing and screening procedures mean surprisingly little is known about the health hazards of many of the tens of thousands of chemicals in use in the world today. The recent rise in the number of children affected by neurological disorders such as autism has stirred valuable debate about the role chemicals play in our daily life, highlighting the need for improved methods of assessing chemicals for developmental neural toxicity.
Ionophoric properties of a tetra-tetrazole functionalised calix[4]arene (2015)

The synthesis and characterisation of p-t-butylcalix[4]arene functionalised at the lower rim with four tetrazole moieties is reported. The macrocycle is found to be a poorer ionophore for lanthanoid cations than the bis-tetrazole–substituted analogue. Solution-phase photophysical studies strongly suggested that the cations interacted only weakly with the calixarene ligand. A mixed sodium/triethylammonium salt of the calixarene ligand was crystallised in the presence of lanthanoid cations and structurally characterised. Strong intramolecular interactions are hypothesised to be the cause of the observed behaviour.
Trust Practice: WHY TRUSTEES NEED TO BE ABLE TO TRACE OR DISPLACE BENEFICIARIES (2000)

Trust Practice: WHY TRUSTEES NEED TO BE ABLE TO TRACE OR DISPLACE BENEFICIARIES Get access Roger Hooper Roger Hooper Hoopers15 Clerkenwell Close, London, ECIR 0AA, Tel: +020 7490 3908, Fax: +020 7490 3909, E-mail: hoopers@hoopers.co.uk Internet: www.hoopers.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trusts & Trustees, Volume 6, Issue 5, April 2000, Pages 14–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/6.5.14 Published: 01 April 2000
Diagenesis of Metals Chemically Complexed to Bacteria: Laboratory Formation of Metal Phosphates, Sulfides, and Organic Condensates in Artificial Sediments (1983)

Cells of Bacillus subtilis, when suspended in a 5mM metal solution, bind metals tenaciously to their cell walls. These metal-loaded cells, when mixed with a synthetic sediment and put under laboratory conditions to simulate low-temperature sediment diagenesis, nucleate the formation of a mixed assemblage of crystalline metal phosphates, metal sulfides, and polymeric, metal-complexed, organic residues. The sequential series of diagenetic events leading to the formation of authigenic mineral phases was followed by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The minerals quartz (SiO(2)) and calcite (CaCO(3)) were employed in the synthetic sediment. Crystalline magnetite (Fe(2)O(3)) and elemental sulfur were added as redox buffering agents to ensure anoxic conditions. Quartz and magnetite appeared unreactive throughout the experimental conditions. Elemental sulfur interacted with the metal-loaded cells, affected both the eventual chemistry and crystal habit of the metal phosphates, and formed a variety of crystalline metal sulfides. Calcite raised the pH of the fluid phase of the sediment, which influenced phosphate mineralization and inhibited metal sulfide genesis.
Enrichment of deuterium using vibrationally sensitized reaction of methane (1980)

V V energy transfer from cw-CO2-laser-pumped CO2 molecules preferentially excites deuterated methane (CH2D2 or CH3D) in mixtures with CH4. This isotopically selective energy transfer in combination with competing deactivation processes results in a steady state in which the deuterated species remain more highly excited than the nondeuterated species. Subsequent endothermic reactions of the methanes with bromine atoms preferentially form the deuterium-containing stable products, various methyl bromides, and hydrogen bromide. For the CH2D2 mixture, deuterium enrichment of up to 300% (i.e., an enrichment factor of 4.0) has been obtained, whereas for the CH3D-CH4 mixture, under less favorable conditions, an 83% enrichment has been observed. The advantages of the selective energy transfer technique and the endothermic reaction system will be discussed.
Hyperpolarized 13C NMR studies of glucose metabolism in living breast cancer cell cultures (2013)

The recent development of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) gives NMR the sensitivity to follow metabolic processes in living systems with high temporal resolution. In this article, we apply dissolution DNP to study the metabolism of hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose in living, perfused human breast cancer cells. Spectrally selective pulses were used to maximize the signal of the main product, lactate, whilst preserving the glucose polarization; in this way, both C1-lactate and C3-lactate could be observed with high temporal resolution. The production of lactate by T47D breast cancer cells can be characterized by Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, with K(m) = 3.5 ± 1.5 mM and V(max) = 34 ± 4 fmol/cell/min. The high sensitivity of this method also allowed us to observe and quantify the glycolytic intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. Even with the enhanced DNP signal, many other glycolytic intermediates could not be detected directly. Nevertheless, by applying saturation transfer methods, the glycolytic intermediates glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate could be observed indirectly. This method shows great promise for the elucidation of the distinctive metabolism and metabolic control of cancer cells, suggesting multiple ways whereby hyperpolarized U-(13)C,(2)H7-glucose NMR could aid in the diagnosis and characterization of cancer in vivo.
Key Integration Aspects of Crystalline Process Models and Testing. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Germinal center‐derived lymphomas: The darkest side of humoral immunity (2019)

Summary One of the unusual features of germinal center ( GC ) B cells is that they manifest many hallmarks of cancer cells. Accordingly, most B‐cell neoplasms originate from the GC reaction, and characteristically display abundant point mutations, structural genomic lesions, and clonal diversity from the genetic and epigenetic standpoints. The dominant biological theme of GC ‐derived lymphomas is mutation of genes involved in epigenetic regulation and immune receptor signaling, which come into play at critical transitional stages of the GC reaction. Hence, mechanistic studies of these mutations reveal fundamental insight into the biology of the normal and malignant GC B cell. The BCL 6 transcription factor plays a central role in establishing the GC phenotype in B cells, and most lymphomas are dependent on BCL 6 to maintain survival, proliferation, and perhaps immune evasion. Many lymphoma mutations have the commonality of enhancing the oncogenic functions of BCL 6, or overcoming some of its tumor suppressive effects. Herein, we discuss how unique features of the GC reaction create vulnerabilities that select for particular lymphoma mutations. We examine the interplay between epigenetic programming, metabolism, signaling, and immune regulatory mechanisms in lymphoma, and discuss how these are leading to novel precision therapy strategies to treat lymphoma patients.
Mutational analysis of theBRCA1-interacting genesZNF350/ZBRK1andBRIP1/BACH1amongBRCA1andBRCA2-negative probands from breast-ovarian cancer families and among early-onset breast cancer cases and reference individuals (2003)

Two potential breast cancer susceptibility genes, encoding the BRCA1-interacting proteins ZNF350 (or ZBRK1) and BRIP1 (or BACH1), have been identified in yeast two-hybrid screens. We sequenced these genes in probands from 21 families with potentially inherited breast/ovarian cancer, all of which were negative for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Families had at least one case of male breast cancer, two cases of ovarian cancer, or three or more cases of breast and ovarian cancer. In addition, 58 early-onset (before age 35) breast cancer cases and 30 reference individuals were analyzed. Of 17 variants detected in ZBRK1, a missense mutation Val524Ile was identified in the proband of one high-risk family, but no other family members were available for testing. Of 25 variants identified in BRIP1, in addition to four common silent or missense mutations, we identified Gln540Leu, a non-conservative amino acid change, in a single familial proband with inflammatory breast cancer, but this mutation was not present in her three relatives with breast cancer. Haplotype analysis suggests that all ZBRK1 SNPs fall within a single block with two SNPs capturing 92% of the haplotype diversity, while the BRIP1 SNPs fall in two blocks, with five SNPs capturing 89% of the haplotype diversity. Based on sequencing of ZBRK1 and BRIP1 in 21 BRCA1/2-negative probands from inherited breast/ovarian cancer families, it appears unlikely that mutations in these genes account for a significant fraction of inherited breast cancer. Further analysis in unselected cases will be required to know whether the identified variants play a role in genetic predisposition to breast cancer in the general population. Hum Mutat 22:121-128, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identification of two initiator elements in the bidirectional promoter of the human dihydrofolate reductase and mismatch repair protein 1 genes (1994)

The human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and mismatch repair protein 1 (MRP1) genes are organized in a head-to-head configuration separated by an 90 base pair sequence. We have previously shown that as small as a 114 bp promoter sequences is sufficient for accurate and efficient initiation of divergent transcription. In this study, the mechanism of accurate transcription initiation in vivo from this short bidirectional promoter was analyzed by a newly developed highly sensitive primer extension assay. The GC boxes in the middle of this sequence were essential for bidirectional promoter activity, but not sufficient for accurate initiation. The sequences overlapping the transcription initiation sites of the DHFR and MRP1 genes were shown to function as the initiator, which directs transcription from an internal site. These initiators were strictly position dependent and were active only when located from 40 to 50 base pairs downstream from the GC box. Although there is no apparent sequence homology between two initiators, a common nuclear factor bound to these elements. Existence of two initiators located on both sides of the middle GC box seems to be the molecular basis of bidirectional activity of this short DNA sequence.
Super-resolution Snapshot Chemical Imaging with Plasmonic Nanoholes (2016)

We show super-resolution chemical imaging with plasmonic nanoholes, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy. Spectral and spatial content are obtained simultaneously by imaging through filters or gratings.
Subspace-based fundamental frequency estimation (2004)

In this paper, we present a subspace-based fundamental frequency estimator based on an extension of the MUSIC spectral estimator. A noise subspace is obtained from the eigenvalue decomposition of the estimated sample covariance matrix and fundamental frequency candidates are selected as the frequencies where the harmonic signal subspace is closest to being orthogonal to the noise subspace. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared to that of the non-linear least-squares (NLS) estimator and the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound; it is concluded that the proposed method has good statistical performance at a lower computational cost than the statistically efficient NLS estimator.
The Drosophila DHR96 nuclear receptor binds cholesterol and regulates cholesterol homeostasis (2009)

Cholesterol homeostasis is required to maintain normal cellular function and avoid the deleterious effects of hypercholesterolemia. Here we show that the Drosophila DHR96 nuclear receptor binds cholesterol and is required for the coordinate transcriptional response of genes that are regulated by cholesterol and involved in cholesterol uptake, trafficking, and storage. DHR96 mutants die when grown on low levels of cholesterol and accumulate excess cholesterol when maintained on a high-cholesterol diet. The cholesterol accumulation phenotype can be attributed to misregulation of npc1b, an ortholog of the mammalian Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 gene NPC1L1, which is essential for dietary cholesterol uptake. These studies define DHR96 as a central regulator of cholesterol homeostasis.
MO1037: Insulin Sensitivity in Children with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder. Defective glucose metabolism was identified as a key feature in ADPKD, and several ‘metabolic’ approaches are currently under evaluation in adults with ADPKD. Whether this defective glucose metabolism could be an early primary event and a potential therapeutic option in the early disease stages is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the insulin sensitivity profile in genotyped children with ADPKD. METHOD We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the insulin sensitivity profile in a genotyped cohort of ADPKD children (&amp;lt;19 years) with preserved renal function [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2]. Overweight/obese children were respectively defined as body mass index (BMI) 25–30 and &amp;gt; 30 kg/m2. The Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (HOMA-IR) was calculated: fasting insulin (μIU mL− 1) x fasting glucose (mmol L − 1)/22.5. The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was calculated: 1/[log (fasting insulin μU/mL) + log (fasting glucose mg/dL)]. RESULTS A total of 37 ADPKD patients (22 boys) were included with a mean ($ \pm $ SD) age at diagnosis was 10.3 $ \pm $ 4.2 years. A total of 36 patients had PKD1 mutation (one GANAB mutation). Median BMI was 16.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2. Median serum fasting glucose: 86.0 ± 9.3 mg/dL, median fasting insulin: 6.1 ± 7.2 μU/mL and median serum C-peptide: 0.4 ± 0.3 nmol/L. Median HOMA-IR was 1.4 ± 1.7 and median QUICKI was 0.4 ± 0.1. A total of 16 patients presented a HOMA-IR &amp;gt; 1.6 and 6 normal-weight children had a HOMA-IR &amp;gt; 2.3. No patient displayed glucosuria. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on five overweight patients, four of them showed insulin resistance and were treated with metformin. CONCLUSION Even with normal BMI, ADPKD children displayed a high index of insulin resistance. Further clinical studies are needed to determine whether ADPKD could be an additional risk factor for insulin resistance.
Singular integral operators on 𝐶¹ manifolds (1993)

We show that the kernel of a singular integral operator is real analytic in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="bold upper R Superscript n Baseline minus StartSet 0 EndSet"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">∖<!-- ∖ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{{\mathbf {R}}^n}\backslash \{ 0\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> iff the symbol [Fourier transform] is real analytic in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="bold upper R Superscript n Baseline minus StartSet 0 EndSet"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">∖<!-- ∖ --></mml:mi> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{{\mathbf {R}}^n}\backslash \{ 0\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. The singular integral operators with continuous coefficients and real analytic kernels (symbols) form an operator algebra with the usual symbolic calculus. The symbol is invariantly defined under <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{C^1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> changes of coordinates.
Towards Interfacing Dissimilar Quantum Systems (2010)

We report on an experimental implementation of an interface between quantum dots (QD) and parametric downconversion (PDC). We present a PDC source compatible with QD emission and our efforts to demonstrate such compatibility.
The molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (2010)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are frequently associated with clonally restricted cytogenetic abnormalities, but until recently, the molecular pathobiology underlying this diverse group of neoplastic bone marrow disorders has been largely obscure. During the last 10 years, many investigative groups have applied the formidable power of new molecular biology techniques to hunt for recurrent genetic alterations in MDS primary cells. Several genetic abnormalities, including mutations in RUNX1 (AML1), TET2, ASXL1 and TP53, have been discovered in a substantial fraction of MDS cases; genes rearranged or mutated less commonly in MDS include IER3, ATRX, RAS and FLT3. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency and expression changes in RPS14, miR-145 and miR-146a, CDC25c, PP2A and SPARC in the absence of point mutations have also been implicated in MDS pathobiology. A major challenge will be to determine which of these mutations are causative "drivers" either in the development or progression of MDS, which might be therapeutically important because they predict response to treatment, and which are merely "passengers" along for the ride that alter phenotype but have no effect on the natural history of the disease. While the altered cellular biology of MDS is also increasingly well-understood, many mysteries remain. Abnormalities in iron regulation, microenvironment interactions, regulation of apoptosis and oxidative damage/DNA repair may all play an important pathobiological role. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of these complex and heterogeneous diseases, we will hopefully improve our ability to treat our patients with MDS beyond the therapies with limited effectiveness that are available at present.
A hands-on-robot for accurate placement of pedicle screws (2006)

This paper presents a novel system for accurate placement of pedicle screws. The system consists of a new light-weight (<10 kg), kinematically redundant, and fully torque controlled robot. Additionally, the pose of the robot tool-center point is tracked by an optical navigation system, serving as an external reference source. Therefore, it is possible to measure and to compensate deviations between the intraoperative and the preoperatively planned pose. The robotic arm itself is impedance controlled. This allows for a new intuitive man-machine-interface as the joint units are equipped with torque sensors: the robot can be moved just by pulling/pushing its structure. The surgeon has full control of the robot at every step of the intervention. The hand-eye-coordination problems known from manual pedicle screw placement can be omitted
Dynamic characteristics of high speed p-substrate GaInAsP buried crescent lasers (1989)

The dynamic behavior of 1.3-/mu/m GaInAsP p-substrate buried crescent (PBC) lasers emitting maximum output powers of more than 30 mW/facet was characterized in detail. A 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 11.5 GHz, and relative intensity noise level of -- - 145 db/Hz were observed at 5I/sub th/. The two-tone intermodulation distortion was more than 30 dB below the 9-GHz subcarriers for a current modulation index of -- 40 percent.
The Deoxycytidylate Deaminase Found in Bacillus subtilis Infected with Phage SP8* (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Deoxycytidylate Deaminase Found in Bacillus subtilis Infected with Phage SP8*Mutsuko Nishihara, Andreas Chrambach, and H. Vasken AposhianCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 7, 1877–1886Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00859a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00859a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effects of Lycii Radicis Cortex on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activation in RAW 264.7 cells (2016)

Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a serious age-related disease. After the menopause, estrogen deficiency is common, and excessive osteoclast activity causes osteoporosis. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells generated from the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage precursor cells such as RAW 264.7 cells. The water extract of Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC) is made from the dried root bark of Lycium chinense Mill. and is termed 'Jigolpi' in Korea. Its effects on osteoclastogenesis and post‑menopausal osteoporosis had not previously been tested. In the present study, the effect of LRC on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation was demonstrated using a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay and pit formation assay. Moreover, in order to analyze molecular mechanisms, we studied osteoclastogenesis-related markers such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), TRAP, cathepsin K (CTK), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), calcitonin receptor (CTR) and carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ (CAII) using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Additionally, we also determined the effect of LRC on an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. We noted that LRC inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via suppressing osteoclastogenesis-related markers. It also inhibited osteoporosis in the OVX rat model by decreasing loss of bone density and trabecular area. These results suggest that LRC exerts a positive effect on menopausal osteoporosis.
Bio-inspired optimization techniques for wireless energy transfer (2010)

This paper provides a novel approach to the design of wireless energy transfer devices, by means of an hybrid evolutionary optimization method, the recently developed Genetical Swarm Optimization. This approach is well suited in order to increase the transfer efficiency and the robustness of the coupling, with the aim of minimizing the average power loss.