gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A divergent Pseudomonas aeruginosa palmitoyltransferase essential for cystic fibrosis‐specific lipid A (2013)

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients constitutively add palmitate to lipid A, the membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide. The PhoPQ regulated enzyme PagP is responsible for the transfer of palmitate from outer membrane phospholipids to lipid A. This enzyme had previously been identified in many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, but in PA had remained elusive, despite abundant evidence that its lipid A contains palmitate. Using a combined genetic and biochemical approach, we identified PA1343 as the PA gene encoding PagP. Although PA1343 lacks obvious primary structural similarity with known PagP enzymes, the β-barrel tertiary structure with an interior hydrocarbon ruler appears to be conserved. PA PagP transfers palmitate to the 3' position of lipid A, in contrast to the 2 position seen with the enterobacterial PagP. Palmitoylated PA lipid A alters host innate immune responses, including increased resistance to some antimicrobial peptides and an elevated pro-inflammatory response, consistent with the synthesis of a hexa-acylated structure preferentially recognized by the TLR4/MD2 complex. Palmitoylation commonly confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides, however, increased cytokine production resulting in inflammation is not seen with other palmitoylated lipid A, indicating a unique role for this modification in PA pathogenesis.
Brewster and Pseudo-Brewster Angle Technique for Determination of Optical Constants (1992)

The analytic solution of the pseudo-Brewster angle, for the case of electromagnetic waves incident from a transparent optical material onto an absorbing material, has been obtained. We have developed a unique measurement method, called the pseudo-Brewster angle method, for obtaining the optical constants of thin films. By this method, the reflected intensity is measured at any angle of incidence. The optical constants are calculated from the pseudo-Brewster angle at the minimum value of the reflection coefficient. As a result, the pseudo-Brewster angle method is very useful for measuring the optical constants of a thin film.
Impacts of Lease and Tenure Arrangements on Landlords and Farm Operators (1987)

Least squares analysis of variance is applied to cross-sectional and time-series farm data to provide insight on the impacts of different lease and tenure arrangements on earnings of operators and landlords. Tenure and lease arrangements significantly affected gross farm returns and margins of operators. Lease arrangements were significant for landlord margins in the late 1970's.
Erhöhung der Frühgeborenenrate durch Rauchen in der Schwangerschaft und daraus resultierende Kosten für die Perinatalmedizin in Deutschland (2007)

We present a rough estimate of the additional health care costs for neonates because of smoking. Costs were estimated only with regard to premature deliveries. Other effects of smoking during pregnancy on neonatal health were not considered. More detailed cost analyses will likely reveal even higher costs.
A high-calcium diet failed to rescue an osteopenia phenotype in claudin-18 knockout mice (2014)

We have recently demonstrated that mice with disruption of claudin-18 (Cldn-18) gene exhibited osteopenia due to increased bone resorption (BR). In this study, we found that gastric pH was significantly higher in Cldn-18 knockout (KO) mice compared to heterozygous control mice at 10 weeks of age. To test the possibility that the increased BR in the Cldn-18 KO mice fed a normal-Ca diet is a consequence of decreased Ca absorption caused by increased stomach pH, we subjected KO and control mice to a normal-Ca and high-Ca diet at birth. Serum Ca levels were significantly lower in Cldn-18 KO mice compared to control mice at a normal-Ca diet but not at high-Ca diet. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed that a high-Ca diet significantly increased lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), but had no effect on femur/tibia BMD in both Cldn-18 KO and control mice compared to a normal-Ca diet. While a high-Ca diet did not affect volumetric BMD, trabecular, and cortical parameters of the lumbar vertebra (LV) as measured by μCT, the size of the LV did increase, in both genotypes due to reduced BR. Comparison of the skeletal phenotype of high-Ca Cldn-18 KO and control mice revealed that an osteopenia phenotype seen at a normal-Ca diet was still maintained at different skeletal sites in the KO mice till 10 weeks of age. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased BR is likely caused by direct effects of a lack of Cldn-18 on osteoclasts rather than gastric pH changes.
Overcoming Stromal Barriers to Immuno-Oncological Responses via Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Therapy (2020)

The tumor microenvironment contributes to disease progression through multiple mechanisms, including immune suppression mediated in part by fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-expressing cells. Herein, a review of FAP biology is presented, supplemented with primary data. This includes FAP expression in prostate cancer and activation of latent reservoirs of TGF-β and VEGF to produce a positive feedback loop. This collectively suggests a normal wound repair process subverted during cancer pathophysiology. There has been immense interest in targeting FAP for diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic purposes. Until recently, this development has outpaced an understanding of the biology; impeding optimal translation into the clinic. A summary of these applications is provided with an emphasis on eliminating tumor-infiltrating FAP-positive cells to overcome stromal barriers to immuno-oncological responses.
Immunoglobulin light chain mRNA is processed from large nuclear RNA. (1978)

Recombinant DNA probes, produced by the molecular cloning of immunoglobulin kappa light chain mRNA, have been used to analyze heterogenous nuclear RNA for presumptive precursors to cytoplasmic kappa light chain mRNA, Three discrete classes of nuclear RNA containing kappa mRNA sequences were detected after pulse-labeling of immunoglobulin-producing P3 myeloma cells. Two of these were substantially larger than kappa mRNA (approximately 10 and 4 times larger); the third was similar in size to kappa mRNA. Beginning with the largest, the sequential appearance of these three classes of nuclear RNA preceded the first appearance of newly synthesized kappa light chain mRNA in the cytoplasm. The results presented here suggest that immunoglobulin kappa light chain mRNA is generated by the stepwise cleavage and processing of a large nuclear RNA transcript.
Effect of the Supporting Electrolyte Anion on the Thickness of PSS/PAH Multilayer Films and on Their Permeability to an Electroactive Probe (2009)

Quartz crystal microbalance and cyclic voltammetry are used to investigate the influence of the supporting salt of polyelectrolyte solutions on the buildup and the structure of PSS/PAH polyelectrolyte multilayers (PSS: poly(4-styrene sulfonate); PAH: poly(allylamine hydrochloride)). This film constitutes a model polyelectrolyte multilayer system. The supporting electrolytes were sodium salts where the nature of the anion was changed by following the Hofmeister series from cosmotropic to chaotropic anions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, ClO4-). For all the investigated anions, the film thickness increases linearly with the number of deposition steps.Wefind that chaotropic anions lead to larger thickness increments per bilayer during the film buildup than cosmotropic ones, confirming results found on PSS/PDADMA multilayers (PDADMA:poly(diallyldimethylammonium)). Films constituted by more than nine PSS/PAH bilayers are still permeable to hexacyanoferrate(II) ions, Fe(CN)(6)4-, whatever the nature of the supporting salt anion. On the other hand, these films are impermeable to ruthenium(II) hexamine ions, Ru(NH3)(6)2+, after the third PAH layer in the presence of NaF, NaCl, or NaNO3. These results are explained by the presence of an excess of positive charges in the film, which leads to a positive Donnan potential. We find that this potential is more positive when more chaotropic anions are used during the film buildup. We also find that a film constructed in the presence of chaotropic anions swells and becomes more permeable to Fe(CN)(6)4- ions when the film is brought into contact with a solution containing more cosmotropic anions. All our experimental findings can be explained by a strong interaction between chaotropic anions with the NH3+groups of PAH that is equivalent, as far as the multilayer buildup and electrochemical response is concerned, to a deprotonation of PAH as it is observed when the film is constructed at a higher pH. We thus arrive to a coherent explanation of the effect of the nature of the anions of the supporting electrolyte on the polyelectrolyte multilayer. We also find that great care must be taken when investigating polyelectrolyte multilayer films by electrochemical probing because electrochemical reactions involving the probes can appreciably modify the multilayer structure.
Probabilistic Signal Shaping for Bit-Metric Decoding (2014)

A scheme is proposed that combines probabilistic signal shaping with bit-metric decoding. The transmitter generates symbols according to a distribution on the channel input alphabet. The symbols are labeled by bit strings. At the receiver, the channel output is decoded with respect to a bit-metric. An achievable rate is derived using random coding arguments. For the 8-ASK AWGN channel, numerical results show that at a spectral efficiency of 2 bits/s/Hz, the new scheme outperforms bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) without shaping and BICM with bit shaping (i Fabregas and Martinez, 2010) by 0.87 dB and 0.15 dB, respectively, and is within 0.0094 dB of the coded modulation capacity. The new scheme is implemented by combining a distribution matcher with a systematic binary low-density parity-check code. The measured finite-length gains are very close to the gains predicted by the asymptotic theory.
[Effect of a new hypoglycemic drug on the blood sugar in rats]. (1976)

A sesquiterpenic lactone has been isolated from an extract of Artemisia cannariensis Lee by Clark's method and column chromatography. The hypoglycemic effects of the drug have been assayed in rats, as compared to different doses of insulin and a known sulphonylures drug. The subatance, which has been identified as vulgarine by professor Gonzalez, has highly significant hypoglycemic effects when administered orally or intravenously in relation to glycemia curves of rats previously injected with saline.
The Use of Elevators for Evacuation in Fire Emergencies in International Buildings (2014)

The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the use of elevators for occupant evacuation from high-rise buildings with a focus on the safety of mobility impaired occupants. It addresses the specifics of evacuation via elevators, relevant building codes, and its technical challenges. Information was collected on how selected buildings around the world incorporate elevators into their emergency evacuation procedures. Six building complexes around the world were identified and reviewed in this report. A section of this report is devoted to each building, providing general building information (height, number of floors etc.) and the building's evacuation procedures during fire emergencies, with a special focus on mobility impaired occupants. After discussing the limitations of the review process, the report gives an overview of the scientific background of the human factors of evacuation via elevators and identifies research gaps. Furthermore, methodological aspects of empirical evacuation research as well as potential beneficial measures for evacuation via elevators are discussed.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Subvirion Monovalent Unadjuvanted Inactivated Influenza A(H3N2) Variant Vaccine in Healthy Persons ≥18 Years Old (2015)

NCT01746082.
Urban Pilot: a dynamic mapping tool for personalizing the city through collective memory (2002)

Investigates the use of hand-held mobile devices as exploratory personalized tools for dynamic navigation of the cityscape that go beyond cartographic limitations and directory-type services. Unfortunately, existing devices and their applications do not fully address the impelling potential of real-time, interactive tools. Moreover, the volatile, unpredictable randomness of the city life and its ever-changing patterns are rarely captured by static navigational means. This study proposes a tool which encourages personalized experiences of cities by providing a dynamic information space that overlaps the city with individual users, both spatially and temporally.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on the analysis of recursive PCA projections (2018)

This paper presents an automated classification scheme for bearing fault detection in permanent magnet synchronous machines. This original method is based on the use of principal components analysis which is recursively updated every time a new class is detected. The main advantage of the proposed method is that only data in healthy condition are needed to train the algorithm. These healthy data are used as a reference to normalize the different features. The new classes are defined from their distance to the healthy class. This method was tested on a 5 kVA machine for 4 different speeds. It obtains very good results with an overall 88.7 % correct classifications rate. The analysis of the components obtained shows that the features that contribute the most are coherent with the literature of bearing fault detection. Moreover, the results have proven to be reproducible whatever the speed.
Glutamate as a Neurotransmitter (2005)

Abstract Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. Glutamate receptors are involved in plastic changes in the nervous system and in excitotoxicity.
Development of a method for chlorophyll removal from canola oil using mineral acids (2005)

Abstract Because of the high level of chlorophyll‐type compounds found in canola oil, bleaching is an important and critical step in the canola oil refining process. In this study, a new method for reducing the chlorophyll‐type impurities prior to the bleaching step was developed. This method is based on precipitating the chlorophyll compounds with mineral acids. Concentrations of chlorophyll‐type compounds of up to 30 ppm could be reduced to amounts of less than 0.01 ppm by mixing the crude canola oil with a 0.4 wt% mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acids (2:0.75, vol/vol) for 5 min at 50°C. Centrifugation and filtration also were examined as two main methods for separating the chlorophyll precipitates. The results showed that filtration by a precoated textural filter with filter‐aid clay could separate the precipitates as well as the centrifugation method.
Is a Positive Bladder Neck Margin Truly a T4 Lesion in the Prostate Specific Antigen Era? Results From the SEARCH Database (2007)

In the current study a positive bladder neck margin was frequently associated with other adverse features. When it was concomitant with other positive margins, a positive bladder neck margin was associated with a progression risk similar to that of seminal vesicle invasion (T3b disease). Although men with an isolated positive bladder neck margin had a more favorable pathological profile, there were too few of them to assess outcome reliably. However, the limited data suggest that they may best be categorized as having pT3a disease.
SIRT1 Disruption in Human Fetal Hepatocytes Leads to Increased Accumulation of Glucose and Lipids (2016)

There are unprecedented epidemics of obesity, such as type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in developed countries. A concerning percentage of American children are being affected by obesity and NAFLD. Studies have suggested that the maternal environment in utero might play a role in the development of these diseases later in life. In this study, we documented that inhibiting SIRT1 signaling in human fetal hepatocytes rapidly led to an increase in intracellular glucose and lipids levels. More importantly, both de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis related genes were upregulated upon SIRT1 inhibition. The AKT/FOXO1 pathway, a major negative regulator of gluconeogenesis, was decreased in the human fetal hepatocytes inhibited for SIRT1, consistent with the higher level of gluconeogenesis. These results indicate that SIRT1 is an important regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms within human fetal hepatocytes, acting as an adaptive transcriptional response to environmental changes.
Preliminary Design of the OWEL Wave Energy Converter Commercial Demonstrator (2011)

The consortium responsible for the next stage of development of the OWEL wave energy converter will construct and test a large scale, pre-commercial demonstrator. It is expected that this will be installed at Wave Hub during 2013 and grid connected for a testing period lasting around 12 months. This paper reports on the preliminary design work being undertaken in the development of the marine demonstration device. This concentrates primarily on producing a fully costed design by detailing the hydraulic design and aspects of stability as well as providing insight into various design features such as the power take-off, naval architecture, moorings and control. The design is being largely informed by the results of a 12 month research project funded by the South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) in which a detailed techno-economic model for a large scale OWEL device was generated.
Optodynamic characterization of shock waves after laser induced breakdown in water (2006)

In this paper, an optodynamic method for measurement of the shock wave front is presented. Two dimensional scanning was performed to determine the time-of-flight for each particular position of the probe beam. The interferometer part of the setup was used to accurately pinpoint the location of the laser induced breakdown. From the time-of-flight data we calculated the velocity field and found two regions of propagation of acoustic waves in water: a supersonic velocity region and a sonic velocity region. From the velocity the pressure amplitudes were calculated
Low-Temperature Fabrication of Germanium Nanostructures by Ion Irradiation: Effect of Supplied Particle Species (2012)

Germanium (Ge) surfaces were irradiated by argon (Ar+) ions at 600 eV with a simultaneous Ge, Al, or Au supply at room temperature. The surfaces thus ion-irradiated were characterized by densely distributed nanowalls, nanobelts (narrower than the nanowalls in width), and cones tipped with nanoribbons (narrower than the nanobelts in width), depending on the supplied particle species and the supply rate. The higher the melting points of the supplied materials, the narrower the width of the top of the nanostructures. Thus the melting point and the supply rate of the supplied material are the key parameters for controlling the shape and size in the fabrication of ion-induced Ge nanostructures. It was also demonstrated that for nanowalls and nanobelts, a higher particle supply rate yielded wider nanostructures. For many nanoribbon-tipped cones, the width of the nanoribbon increased with distance from the cone top, and hence resulted in a bottleneck structure.
Factors Controlling the Removal of Organic Pollutants in Ozone Reactors (1985)

According to a model developed during this study, the efficiency of removing organic contaminants in ozone reactors is determined mainly by the reactivity and volatility of the contaminants. The chemical composition of the water, the mass transfer characteristics of the reactor, and certain operational conditions (flow rates of the gas and water, concentration of ozone in the applied gas stream, and detention time) were identified as the process parameters that control the performance of ozone reactors. Once the methodology has been developed to measure all key parameters, the model can be used to evaluate different operational alternatives for optimum performance of ozone reactors and to make performance and cost comparisons between ozonation and other processes, such as activated carbon adsorption and air stripping.
<title>Monitoring physiological function by detection of exogenous fluorescent contrast agents</title> (1999)

An invasive in vivo fluorescence detection scheme was employed to continuously monitor exogenous dye clearance from the vasculature. This invasive physiological monitoring technique was successfully demonstrated in a rabbit model. A commercially available catheter with embedded fiber optics was employed to transmit the excitation light and detect the emitted fluorescence. The clearance of indocyanine green, known to be exclusively cleared from the blood stream by the liver, was determined invasively. The clearance curves determined by this novel invasive method replicated the clearance curves in the same animals employing the non- invasive method established previously. Thus, the feasibility of a new invasive method for physiological function assessment was established.
Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy (2023)

Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers simultaneously on the same chip, or by featuring integrated and combined target separation techniques. In this review, the major advances in the field of portable and semi-portable micro, nano, and multiplexed platforms for CB detection for the early diagnosis of cancer are highlighted. A comparative discussion is also provided, noting merits and drawbacks of the platforms, especially in terms of portability. Finally, key challenges toward device portability and possible solutions, as well as discussing the future direction of the field are highlighted.
Enkephalins and endorphins as modifiers of the immune system: present and future. (1985)

This paper summarizes the data related to the relations between enkephalins and endorphins and the immune system. It is shown that lymphocytes have surface receptors for endorphins and enkephalins. Furthermore, endorphins and enkephalins can influence several immune functions such as antibody synthesis, lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer cytotoxicity. It is thus possible that the receptors play a functional role. In view of these observations, several hypotheses are proposed. Endorphins and enkephalins are physiological regulators of the immune response (two-hit opioid peptide lymphocyte receptor hypothesis) and they are humoral mediators between the central nervous system and the immune system. They may play a pathogenic role in a variety of diseases with primary or secondary immunological defects. Finally, enkephalins and endorphins can be considered as immunomodulators and modifiers of the biological response and as such may become a tool in the field of immunotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Hydroxybufuralol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.