gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non‐linear switched model for accurate voltage estimation and power flow analysis of DC railway systems (2020)

Simulation tools are crucial to efficiently design the infrastructures and operations of DC electrical railway systems, including potential innovative technologies such as reversible traction power substations and energy storage systems. For this purpose, it is essential to accurately estimate the evolution of the voltage and power flows within the DC traction network, with fast computation time. This study, therefore, proposes a new simulation approach for fast and accurate voltage estimation and power flow analysis of DC railway systems. It is based on the use of non‐linear switched models for traction power substations and trains. The modified nodal analysis is extended to consider such models, including the voltage drop control of the different subsystems, avoiding the necessity to use complex numerical iterative solvers. This new approach is validated and compared to an existing dynamical model and a conventional static model. The comparisons prove the relevance of the new approach, which provides validated and accurate results (&lt;2% error compared to the validated dynamical model) with fast computation time (speed up of 500 compared to the dynamical model). It can, therefore, be used to study, design, size, and optimise DC traction systems with new technologies aimed at saving braking energy.
The Human Sympathetic Nervous System Response to Spaceflight (2003)

The sympathetic nervous system is an important part of the autonomic (or automatic) nervous system. When an individual stands up, the sympathetic nervous system speeds the heart and constricts blood vessels to prevent a drop in blood pressure. A significant number of astronauts experience a drop in blood pressure when standing for prolonged periods after they return from spaceflight. Difficulty maintaining blood pressure with standing is also a daily problem for many patients. Indirect evidence available before the Neurolab mission suggested the problem in astronauts while in space might be due partially to reduced sympathetic nervous system activity. The purpose of this experiment was to identify whether sympathetic activity was reduced during spaceflight. Sympathetic nervous system activity can be determined in part by measuring heart rate, nerve activity going to blood vessels, and the release of the hormone norepinephrine into the blood. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter discharged from active sympathetic nerve terminals, so its rate of release can serve as a marker of sympathetic nervous system action. In addition to standard cardiovascular measurements (heart rate, blood pressure), we determined sympathetic nerve activity as well as norepinephrine release and clearance on four crewmembers on the Neurolab mission. Contrary to our expectation, the results demonstrated that the astronauts had mildly elevated resting sympathetic nervous system activity in space. Sympathetic nervous system responses to stresses that simulated the cardiovascular effects of standing (lower body negative pressure) were brisk both during and after spaceflight. We concluded that, in the astronauts tested, the activity and response of the sympathetic nervous system to cardiovascular stresses appeared intact and mildly elevated both during and after spaceflight. These changes returned to normal within a few days.
Anti-obesity effect of SR141716, a CB1 receptor antagonist, in diet-induced obese mice (2003)

Because the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 was previously reported to modulate food intake in rodents, we studied its efficacy in reducing obesity in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model widely used for research on the human obesity syndrome. During a 5-wk treatment, SR141716 (10 mg. kg(-1). day(-1) orally) induced a transient reduction of food intake (-48% on week 1) and a marked but sustained reduction of body weight (-20%) and adiposity (-50%) of DIO mice. Furthermore, SR141716 corrected the insulin resistance and lowered plasma leptin, insulin, and free fatty acid levels. Most of these effects were present, but less pronounced at 3 mg. kg(-1). day(-1). In addition to its hypophagic action, SR141716 may influence metabolic processes as the body weight loss of SR141716-treated mice was significantly higher during 24-h fasting compared with vehicle-treated animals, and when a 3-day treatment was compared with a pair feeding. SR141716 had no effect in CB1 receptor knockout mice, which confirmed the implication of CB1 receptors in the activity of the compound. These findings suggest that SR141716 has a potential as a novel anti-obesity treatment.
[Transplantable osteosarcomas in rats. I. The growth behavior of spontaneous and 4-HAQO induced osteosarcomas in rats]. (1989)

While there are a number of experimental animal models for osteosarcoma development, the available rat systems are limited both in number and applicability. The present report concerns our attempts to establish an appropriate rat model to allow development of new experimental approaches to human osteosarcoma. A spontaneously occurring osteosarcoma (J. H. 1-OS) was found in a 35 week old male rat. The tumor could be transplanted and grew well and although the bone forming activity decreased after the 18th generation, the growth potential remained high.
Crystal structure of (η 3-syn-crotyl)-(η 4-cycloocta-1,5-diene)-nickel(II) hexafluorophosphate, Ni(C8H12)(C4H7)PF6 (1992)

Article Crystal structure of (η3-syn-crotyl)-(η4-cycloocta-1,5-diene)-nickel(II) hexafluorophosphate, Ni(C8H12)(C4H7)PF6 was published on February 1, 1992 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 201, issue 3-4).
On the capacity of the partially coherent additive white gaussian noise channel (2003)

We prove that the capacity-achieving PDF for the average-power-constrained AWGN chan- nel with Tikhonov phase error is discrete in amplitude and uniform in phase (DAUP). Numerical capacity lower-bound computations show significant gains over the best previously published lower bound. Simple (but non-equiprobable) AM-PM constellations can closely approach our new lower bound on capacity.
Activation of the Alternative NFκB Pathway Improves Disease Symptoms in a Model of Sjogren's Syndrome (2011)

The purpose of our study was to understand if Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation could contribute to the control of inflammation in Sjogren's syndrome. To this end, we manipulated TLR9 signaling in non-obese diabetic (NOD) and TLR9(-/-) mice using agonistic CpG oligonucleotide aptamers, TLR9 inhibitors, and the in-house oligonucleotide BL-7040. We then measured salivation, inflammatory response markers, and expression of proteins downstream to NF-κB activation pathways. Finally, we labeled proteins of interest in salivary gland biopsies from Sjogren's syndrome patients, compared to Sicca syndrome controls. We show that in NOD mice BL-7040 activates TLR9 to induce an alternative NF-κB activation mode resulting in increased salivation, elevated anti-inflammatory response in salivary glands, and reduced peripheral AChE activity. These effects were more prominent and also suppressible by TLR9 inhibitors in NOD mice, but TLR9(-/-) mice were resistant to the salivation-promoting effects of CpG oligonucleotides and BL-7040. Last, salivary glands from Sjogren's disease patients showed increased inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory biomarkers, in addition to decreased levels of alternative NF-κB pathway proteins. In summary, we have demonstrated that activation of TLR9 by BL-7040 leads to non-canonical activation of NF-κB, promoting salivary functioning and down-regulating inflammation. We propose that BL-7040 could be beneficial in treating Sjogren's syndrome and may be applicable to additional autoimmune syndromes.
Introduction to the New Copolymer of Chloroprene and Acrylonitrile with Differentiated Properties (2021)

The random copolymer of chloroprene and acrylonitrile is a newly developed rubber whose features and value propositions are not scientifically explored yet. This article focuses on the basic characterizations and properties of acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber. Qualitative analyses through infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra confirm the presence of both the -Cl and -CN groups in the new rubber. As evidenced through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), the single glass transition temperature of acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber reflects its monophasic random microstructure. While compared against commercial grades of chloroprene rubber (CR) and nitrile rubber (NBR), the new rubber provides a distinctive combination of properties that are not available with either of the elastomer alone. Acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber demonstrates slightly lower specific gravity, an improved low-temperature compression set, higher flex-fatigue resistance, and lower volume swelling in IRM 903 and Fuel C to chloroprene rubber. As compared to nitrile rubber, the new copolymer shows appreciably better heat aging and ozone resistance. Good abrasion resistance, low heat buildup, and remarkably high flex-fatigue resistance indicate excellent durability of the acrylonitrile-chloroprene rubber under dynamic loading. Based on the preliminary results, it is apparent that the new copolymer can be a candidate elastomer for various industrial applications which demand good fluid resistance, high heat and low-temperature tolerances, good weatherability, and durability under static and dynamic conditions.
A Game-Theoretic Model for ADN Hierarchical Planning Considering Multi-interests Coordination of “Source-Network-Load” (2019)

This paper presents an hierarchical planning model for Active Distribution Network (ADN) based on game theory, considering the coordination multi-agent interest in “source-network-load”. The upper layer of the model considers the decisions of each agents of “Source-Network-Load” (S-N-L), aiming at achieving the equilibrium in the game mode for each interest body. The lower layer considers the active management strategies such as the adjustment of Distributed generation (DG) reduction and On-load Tap Changer (OLTC), aiming at minimizing the expected value of annual load cutting of DG. The iterative search algorithm is used to search the multi-agent equilibrium solution in the upper layer, and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied in all the decision optimization process of the model. The simulation analysis of the improved IEEE 33-node example showed the feasibility of the model and that the difference of the action order of the game at has an impact on the game process and results which can give suggestions for the ADN planning problem of multi-interests coordination in the open environment of electricity market.
Structure of Melaminium Dihydrogenpyrophosphate and Its Formation from Melaminium Dihydrogenphosphate Studied with Powder Diffraction Data, Solid-State NMR, and Theoretical Calculations (2004)

Melaminium dihydrogenpyrophosphate (bis(2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazinium dihydrogenpyrophosphate, MPy), obtained as a crystalline powder by thermal treatment of melaminium dihydrogenphosphate (MP), is the first intermediate in the synthesis of polymerized melamine phosphates that are used as environmental-friendly flame retardants. The crystal structure of MPy was determined by X-ray powder diffraction and the proposed hydrogen-bonding model was corroborated by solid-state NMR and periodic DFT calculations. A mechanism is proposed for the endothermic dehydration process that takes place in the reaction from MP to MPy, in accordance with energy calculations based on the optimized crystal structures of MPy and MP. A packing analysis of MPy and other melamine-containing compounds revealed some typical melamine packing motifs.
Cough‐induced leak‐point pressure ‐ a valid measure for assessing treatment in women with stress incontinence (1998)

Cough-induced leak-point pressure is a valid, quantitative, dynamic measure of urethral closure function which can be used to study the effects of treatment in patients with stress incontinence. The vaginal device is effective for treatment of stress incontinence in the short-term, without reducing urinary flow.
ZWEISTOFFBETRIEB GASOEL-METHANOL FUER DIESELSTRASSENFAHRZEUGE - METHANOLZUMISCHUNG UEBER SAUGROHREINSPRITZUNG (1978)

AUFGRUND DER IM VORLIEGENDEN BERICHT DARGESTELLTEN ERSTEN VERSUCHSERGEBNISSE KANN FESTGESTELLT WERDEN, DASS DIE METHANOLZUGABE BEI HOHER LAST EINE DEUTLICHE VERBESSERUNG DER RUSS- UND VERBRAUCHSWERTE BEWIRKT. BEI ENTSPRECHENDER ABSTIMMUNG DES EINSPRITZBEGINNS FUER DAS GASOEL KOENNEN ERHOEHTE DRUCKGRADIENTEN WAEHREND DER VERBRENNUNG VERMIEDEN WERDEN. UNTER BEIBEHALTUNG VON RUSS- UND VERBRAUCHSVORTEILEN ERGEBEN SICH DABEI ZUSAETZLICH VORTEILE FUER DIE NO(X)-EMISSION. ES SEI DARAUF HINGEWIESEN, DASS DIESE ERGEBNISSE ERZIELT WURDEN OHNE OPTIMIERUNG DER GEMISCHBILDUNGSANLAGE UND OHNE VARIATION WEITERER MOEGLICHER EINFLUSSGROESSEN. AUSSERDEM STEHT DIE UNTERSUCHUNG IM GESAMTEN LAST- UND DREHZAHLBEREICH NOCH AUS. AUFGRUND EINES STICHVERSUCHES BEI HOHER LAST UND DREHZAHL IST BEREITS JETZT ERKENNBAR, DASS AUCH IN DIESEM BEREICH DIE ERWAEHNTEN VORTEILE DER METHANOLZUFUEHRUNG GEGEBEN SIND. (A)
Durable Remission After Aggressive Chemotherapy for Very Late Post–Kidney Transplant Lymphoproliferation: A Report of 16 Cases Observed in a Single Center (2000)

Despite characteristics of aggressive lymphoma, very late-onset PTLDs after renal transplantation may respond to conventional chemotherapy. However, because a high rate of infectious complications occurred, new therapeutic strategies, such as combinations of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and lower doses of chemotherapy, are warranted.
Facsimile today (1991)

Over the past few years, facsimile has become the most popular form of business text communication. The paper gives a brief outline of the way in which a facsimile terminal operates and explains the various scanning and printing technologies in use today. The use of facsimile on the integrated services digital network (ISDN) is considered also.
A review on wireless home network technologies (2003)

Connecting residences to broadband access networks offers an unprecedented opportunity to extend the networking customer base beyond the satiated corporate environment. Yet despite this promising prospect, the market is evolving very tenuously: on one hand, there are numerous industrial consortia and standardization bodies that continue their work on independent and often non-interoperable specifications for residential networks; on the other hand, while there are multiple home PCs and multimedia network-enabled appliances, the majority of the houses can not support sophisticated interconnection, while most consumers are unwilling or cannot afford a large scale home rewiring. Among many competing technologies, wireless networks can resolve the rewiring issue capturing a major percentage of the Home Network market. In this paper, we review the available technologies in the home network area, and provide a comparison of the wireless broadband in-home technologies
Conformational Changes in Simian Virus 40 Rearranged Regulatory Regions: Effects of the 21-Base-Pair Promoters and Their Location (1999)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) is an excellent model system for investigating the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in eukaryotic DNA replication because it uses host enzymes, with the exception of the virus-encoded T-antigen (T-ag), to replicate its genome. Although its origin of replication (ori) is essential for DNA replication, there are transcriptional promoters and enhancers that affect DNA replication efficiency. T-ag binds to sites I to III within and around ori with different affinities and induces structural changes. We were interested in determining if the position of the promoters relative to ori influences the binding of T-ag to these regions. Furthermore, we characterized the DNA structural changes that occur as a result of protein binding when the promoters are absent and also when the promoters are moved from their wild-type position upstream of ori to a position downstream of ori. Using sequence- and conformation-specific chemical probes, our data indicate that (i) the conformation of site I is influenced by T-ag binding and by flanking sequences, (ii) the conformation of the promoters after T-ag binding is dependent on their location, and (iii) unwinding of ori is influenced by the location of the promoters and their presence or absence. These differences in DNA conformation may help explain decreases in relative DNA replication efficiency that occur when the promoters are absent or located downstream of ori.
Genetic Control of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis: an Interactive Database (2015)

The transition to flowering is an essential step of the plant life cycle that is tightly controlled by both endogenous and environmental cues. Its regulation is extremely complex and involves hundreds of genes that are part of highly interconnected pathways. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing the floral induction of Arabidopsis thaliana increases quickly and a significant number of reviews are published every year on this topic. However, most of them focus on a single pathway without highlighting the interconnections existing between them. Furthermore, those reviews become rapidly outdated, since our comprehension of the genetic control of flowering time evolves continuously. Hence, we believe that the current landscape of flowering time research in Arabidopsis misses an exhaustive repository of the genes involved in the control of flowering and their regulatory pathways. Here, we present a new interactive resource built around a curated database of the flowering time genes that brings together multiple pieces of information such as their function, the flowering time phenotype of mutants and overexpressing lines, the related key publications, etc. Our website thus gives access to a curated and exhaustive list of the genes involved in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis as well as the regulatory pathways controlling their expression. Because of its flexibility, the database is highly dynamic and will be periodically updated with the future breakthroughs in this domain.
An ultrahigh-speed microfilm facsimile system (1963)

Current facsimile techniques for the direct recording of graphic material at a remote point are in widespread use in specific areas. These systems, however, are relatively slow with a scan rate of perhaps 15 and 20 lines per second as a useful upper limit. A need exists for more rapid generation and recording of facsimile information with the possibility of pushing transmission speeds, instead of a page a minute, to a page a second.
The therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly in the treatment of rat liver fibrosis (2009)

We investigated the effect of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) from Wharton's jelly on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Rats were treated with CCl4 for 4 weeks, and this was followed by a direct injection of HUMSCs into their livers. After 4 more weeks of CCl4 treatment (8 weeks in all), rats with HUMSC transplants [CCl4 (8W)+HUMSC liver] exhibited a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Sirius red staining and a collagen content assay, in comparison with rats treated with CCl4 for 8 weeks without HUMSC transplants [CCl4 (8W)]. Moreover, rats in the CCl4 (8W)+HUMSC (liver) group had significantly lower levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-beta1 in the liver, whereas the expression of hepatic mesenchymal epithelial transition factor-phosphorylated type (Met-P) and hepatocyte growth factor was up-regulated, in comparison with the CCl4 (8W) group. Notably, engrafted HUMSCs scattered mostly in the hepatic connective tissue but did not differentiate into hepatocytes expressing human albumin or alpha-fetoprotein. Instead, these engrafted, undifferentiated HUMSCs secreted a variety of bioactive cytokines that may restore liver function and promote regeneration. Human cytokine assay revealed that the amounts of human cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine, leukemia inhibitory factor, and prolactin were substantially greater in the livers of the CCl4 (8W)+HUMSC (liver) group, with considerably reduced hepatic inflammation manifested by a micro positron emission tomography scan. Our findings suggest that xenogeneic transplantation of HUMSCs is a novel approach for treating liver fibrosis and may be a promising therapeutic intervention in the future.
Backside E-Beam Probing on Nano scale devices (2007)

IC debug with E-beam probing is presented in an innovative application accessing the active device directly from chip backside after FIB preparation. The potential of this approach in nanoscale and gigahertz dimensions is evaluated.
Pando: Efficient Byzantine-Tolerant Distributed Sensor Fusion using Forest Ensembles (2020)

Ad hoc communication networks provide a robust and low-power method for sensors to return their observations to an authority. However, ensuring that the returned values accurately represent the environment being sensed poses challenges. In particular, malicious sensors controlled by an adversary may collude to return systematically misleading or falsified results. Previous work examines this challenge for weak adversaries and under strong assumptions, limiting practical applicability. In this work, we propose Pando, a novel approach for mitigating the Byzantine distributed sensor fusion problem. We introduce an approach for the decentralized creation of a forest ensemble, made up of overlapping, hierarchical message passing routes that provide robust and efficient delivery while also mitigating adversarial interference. We then leverage a modified, homomorphic Merkle tree structure to create a novel Byzantine-tolerant message passing protocol. Finally, we propose a classification-informed data fusion algorithm based on these methods. We evaluate the correctness and efficiency of our approach under several attack models, and discuss functionality improvements over the state of the art.
Natural killer cells adhere to bone marrow fibroblasts and inhibit adhesion of acute myeloid leukemia cells. (1995)

In this study we have demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells adhere to elements of the bone marrow stroma (BMS) including fibroblasts, fibronectin and laminin but not to collagen type I, vitronectin and hyaluronic acid. NK cells bind to fibronectin and laminin using the beta 1 integrins VLA-4 and VLA-5, and VLA-6 respectively. The mechanism of adhesion to bone marrow fibroblasts is more complicated with beta 1 and beta 2 integrins being partially responsible but the majority of adhesion remaining unexplained. IL-2 stimulation of NK cells resulted in an increase in the expression of adhesion molecules involved in binding of NK cells to bone marrow fibroblasts (BMF) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including the beta 1 chain CD29, alpha chains of VLA-4 and 5, beta 2 chain CD18 and alpha L chain CD11a. A marked increase in expression of beta 7 was also observed. There was a significant increase in the adhesion of NK cells to fibronectin in response to IL-2 treatment. NK cells also bound more strongly to BMF following IL-2 treatment although the development of cytotoxicity appeared to interfere with the adhesion assay. NK cells competitively inhibit the binding of AML blasts but not ALL blasts to BMF. Mechanisms underlying the inhibition of leukemic growth by NK and LAK cells may include direct and cytokine mediated cytotoxicity and perturbation of the interaction of leukemic blasts with the bone marrow stroma which is essential for blast cell survival.