gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Ants - Development of the Learner-Oriented Digital Tool ID-Logics (2020)

Ants are fascinating creatures and they have an enormous impact on most terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their importance, relatively few people are able to securely identify the various ant species. In addition, simultaneously to the worldwide extinction of species (especially of insects), the number of species experts is decreasing, not only in Germany. The aim of our project is to improve the possibilities of determination of species and get students back in touch with nature. Based on experiential realism, the learner-orientated and interactive species identification tool âID-Logicsâ for ants was developed. Using the design-based-research approach and the model of educational reconstruction, studentsâ conceptions were collected in an interview study (n=7). According to the interview analyses, three essential learning barriers were identified. To overcome these learning barriers, data-based solutions were developed. Therefore, digital components were evaluated in three teaching experiments (n=6). On the one hand, the results showed that students were able to describe basic characteristics of ants. On the other hand, learning obstacles occurred with certain characteristics where students needed assistance. For this, interventions such as abstract graphics or short videos can support them in the process of identification. Moreover, a fault tolerant programmatic logic was implemented to combine these components in the identification tool âID-Logicsâ. Based on our results, guidelines to develop further interactive identification tools are formulated.
Phase Equilibria and Manganese-Activated Luminescence in Portions of the System Zn(PO[sub 3])[sub 2]-Cd(PO[sub 3])[sub 2]-Mg(PO[sub 3])[sub 2] (1964)

The equilibrium relationships in the system were established by quenching and solid state experiments. At 810°C inverted to , which melted congruently at 896°C. Small regions of solid solution exist at the extremities of the system, involving the low and high temperature forms of and . The most noteworthy feature of the system is the large region of intermediate solid solution which ranges from and has a distorted structure.
An Eco-inspired control strategy for DC microgrids (2018)

This paper presents a novel control strategy for DC microgrids inspired by robust formations observed in ecological systems. Classic control approaches such as pole placement and LQR have been extensively used in the literature and in practical systems. Each technique has specific strengths, but there are also drawbacks. The new approach proposed in this paper combines the strengths of both techniques while avoiding their disadvantages to obtain highly robust systems. A simple DC microgrid is used as a test case to verify the proposed robust control strategy for power systems.
Understanding Gender Equity in Author Order Assignment (2018)

Women remain underrepresented in many fields in computer science, particularly at higher levels. In academia, success and promotion are influenced by a researcher's publication record. In many fields, including computer science, multi-author papers are the norm. Evidence from other fields shows that author order norms can influence the assignment of credit. We conduct interviews of students and faculty in human-computer interaction (HCI) and machine learning (ML) to determine factors related to assignment of author order in collaborative publication. The outcomes of these interviews then informed metrics of interest for a bibliometric analysis of gender and collaboration in research papers published from 1996 to 2016 in three top HCI and ML conferences. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for assignment of credit in multi-author papers and interpretation of author order, particularly in regard to how this area affects women.
Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet Action (2012)

Abstract The evidence for a KD as a successful epilepsy treatment is clear. Multiple retrospective, multi-center, and randomized prospective studies document consistent and significant clinical benefits. The true efficacy of dietary treatments for epilepsy may be underestimated, as the KD is rarely used as a first-line therapy. Certainly, by the time the KD is initiated to thwart medically refractory epilepsy, in some instances the severity of the epileptic condition may be too difficult to overcome. But remarkably, the KD works in the majority of patients who failed to respond to numerous antiepileptic drugs. A detailed understanding of key KD mechanisms could offer a meaningful adjuvant or ultimately the development of a “diet in a pill.”3 But while clinical applications of metabolism-based therapy appear to be growing rapidly, there is a continuing need to develop modified diet formulations with improved efficacy and tolerability (as well as palatability) and to identify new pharmacological targets for drug discovery.
Relationship between classic histological pattern and sperm findings on fine needle aspiration map in infertile men (2000)

Systematic testis fine needle aspiration (FNA) mapping has been proposed as an adjunctive or alternative diagnostic procedure to biopsy to determine the presence of spermatozoa within infertile testes. This study related testis histology to the global presence or absence of spermatozoa in the same testes determined by FNA cytology. Testis biopsies and FNA mapping were performed in 87 infertile, azoospermic men. A mean of 1.3 biopsies and 14 FNA sites were taken per patient. Biopsies were assessed by recognized histological patterns of normal, Sertoli cell-only, hypospermatogenesis, early and late maturation arrest, sclerosis as well as mixed patterns that included at least two of these histologies. FNA cytological specimens were assessed for sperm presence by an experienced cytologist. Overall, spermatozoa were found by FNA mapping in 52% of patients. A comparison of histology and FNA findings revealed that pure patterns of Sertoli cell-only and early maturation were associated with a very poor likelihood of sperm detection (4-8%). In contrast, patients with other pure pattern histologies or mixed patterns had high rates of FNA sperm detection (77-100%). Similar to reported testicular sperm extraction (TESE) findings, sperm detection with FNA shows wide variation depending on testis histology. Unlike most TESE reports, however, some histological patterns generally reflect a more global testicular dysfunction and poorer likelihood of sperm identification, suggesting the possibility that these phenotypes have a genetic origin. Systematic testis sampling with FNA offers additional geographical information about spermatogenesis that routine biopsies lack and can further guide couple decision-making in severe male factor infertility.
A Synthesis of 1,5-DI-O-Acetyl-3-Azido-2,3-Dideoxy-D-Ribofuranose (1988)

Abstract The renewed interest in azido-nucleosides, particularly when the aziodo group is present at position 3, has been intensified1 since the approval of 3′-azido-thymidine (1) for the treatment of AIDS. Moreover, 3′-amino-2,3-dideoxy-nucleosides are also important due to various biological activities associated 3-5 with them. In dealing with the synthesis of such molecules, 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-pentoses have been realised as valuable synthons.
Low fertility and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women (2011)

Generally, measures of low fertility were not independently associated with a risk of T2D in a cohort of 17 357 Dutch women.
Microcorrosion of Al–Cu and Al–Cu–Si alloys: Interaction of the metallization with subsequent aqueous photolithographic processing (1990)

The objective of this work was to systematically study the localized corrosion which can occur when Al–Cu and Al–Cu–Si metallizations are exposed to conventional photolithographic processing. The study includes electrical evaluations of a standard 1.6-m interdigitated serpentine and comb test pattern which was reactive ion etched to quantify the effect of surface corrosion on serpentine yield. Al–Cu and Al–Cu–Si (0.5%–1.5% Cu and Si by weight) films were sputter deposited at temperatures ranging from 305–465 °C and patterned using batch photolithographic processing. Localized surface corrosion was found on all metallizations, to varying degrees, after a standard 90-s batch development on both patterened and unpatterened metal substrates. Al–0.5%Cu–0.5%Si was found to have the least surface corrosion while Al–1.5%Cu had the most. Electrical shorting was observed in those cases where the corrosion site diameter was greater than the space between adjacent metal lines after RIE. The corrosion is correlated with theta phase precipitates which are known to induce corrosion on Al–Cu alloys by galvanic action in the appropriate electrolyte. The corrosion occurred when the wafer was exposed to the rinse water after the develop step. Postdeposition baking in the range 200–450 °C dramatically affects the concentrations of theta phase precipitates and as a result, the corrosion and yield. The addition of silicon to the Al–Cu alloy was found to improve its corrosion resistance.
Differential effects and glucocorticoid potentiation of bone morphogenetic protein action during rat osteoblast differentiation in vitro. (1996)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce cartilage and bone differentiation in vivo and promote osteoblast differentiation from calvarial and marrow stromal cell preparations. Functional differences between BMP-2, -4, and -6 are not well understood. Recent investigations find that these three closely related osteoinductive proteins may exert different effects in primary rat calvarial cell cultures, suggesting the possibility of unique functions in vivo. In this study, we use a fetal rat secondary calvarial cell culture system to examine the differential effects of BMP-2, -4, and -6 on early osteoblast differentiation. These cells do not spontaneously differentiate into osteoblasts, as do cells in primary calvarial cultures, but rather require exposure to a differentiation initiator such as glucocorticoid or BMP. We determined that BMP-6 is a 2- to 2.5-fold more potent inducer of osteoblast differentiation than BMP-2 or -4. BMP-6 induced the formation of more and larger bone nodules as well as increased osteocalcin secretion. The effects of all three of these BMPs were potentiated up to 10-fold by cotreatment or pretreatment with the glucocorticoid triamcinolone (Trm). The Trm effects were synergistic with those of BMP-2 or -4, suggesting that this glucocorticoid may increase the cell responsiveness to these BMPs. Finally, BMP-6 did not require either cotreatment or pretreatment with Trm to achieve greater amounts of osteoblast differentiation than seen with BMP-2 or BMP-4 treatment, suggesting that BMP-6 may act at an earlier stage of cell differentiation.
Vehicle-Driver Communication Using Off-the-Shelf Transceivers (2010)

Almost all modern cars can be controlled remotely using a personal communicator (keyfob). However, the degree of interaction between currently available personal communicators and cars is very limited. The communication link is unidirectional and the communication range is limited to a few dozen meters. However, there are many interesting applications that could be supported if a keyfob would be able to support energy efficient bidirectional longer range communication. In this paper we investigate off-the-shelf transceivers in terms of their usability for bidirectional longer range communication. Our evaluation results show that existing transceivers can generally support the required communication ranges but that links tend to be very unreliable. This high unreliability must be handled in an energy efficient way by the keyfob to car communication protocol in order to make off-the-shelf transceivers a viable solution.
Seasonal affective disorders. (1998)

Seasonal affective disorder is a pattern of major depressive episodes that occur and remit with changes in seasons. It may be seen in major depressive or bipolar disorders, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical. Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The most recognized form of seasonal affective disorder, "winter depression," is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression, hypersomnia, augmented appetite with carbohydrate craving, and weight gain that begin in the autumn and continue through the winter months. Physicians have many options for treating seasonal affective disorder. While questions regarding the validity of seasonal affective disorder as a syndrome and the mechanism of action of light therapy continue to be investigated, the established effectiveness of light therapy in patients with winter depression supports the usefulness of assessment for this seasonal pattern and consideration of light therapy as an option in addition to existing treatment choices.
Lanthanide porphyrin complexes. Potential new class of nuclear magnetic resonance dipolar probe (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanide porphyrin complexes. Potential new class of nuclear magnetic resonance dipolar probeChing-Ping Wong, Robert F. Venteicher, and William DeW. Horrocks Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 22, 7149–7150Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00829a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00829a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mitral valve opening in the ovine heart (1998)

To study the three-dimensional size, shape, and motion of the mitral leaflets and annulus, we surgically attached radiopaque markers to sites on the mitral annulus and leaflets in seven sheep. After 8 days of recovery, the animals were sedated, and three-dimensional marker positions were measured by computer analysis of biplane videofluorograms (60/s). We found that the oval mitral annulus became most elliptical in middiastole. Both leaflets began to descend into the left ventricle (LV) during the rapid fall of LV pressure (LVP), before leaflet edge separation. The anterior leaflet exhibited a compound curvature in systole and maintained this shape during opening. The central cusp of the posterior leaflet was curved slightly concave to the LV during opening. Markers at the border of the "rough zone" were separated by 10 mm during systole. We conclude that coaptation occurs very near the leaflet edges, that the annulus and leaflets move toward their open positions during the rapid fall of LVP, and that leaflet edge separation, the last event in the opening sequence, occurs near the time of minimum LVP.
Plug-in scripts for EFTEM automation (1996)

Post-column energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is inherently challenging as it requires the researcher to setup, align, and control both the microscope and the energy-filter. The software behind an EFTEM system is therefore critical to efficient, day-to-day application of this technique. This is particularly the case in a multiple-user environment such as at the Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here, visiting researchers, who may oe unfamiliar with the details of EFTEM, need to accomplish as much as possible in a relatively short period of time. We describe here our work in extending the base software of a commercially available EFTEM system in order to automate and streamline particular EFTEM tasks. The EFTEM system used is a Philips CM30 fitted with a Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF). The base software supplied with this system consists primarily of two Macintosh programs and a collection of add-ons (plug-ins) which provide instrument control, imaging, and data analysis facilities needed to perform EFTEM.
Halogenated Cyclic Peptides Isolated from the Sponge Corticium sp. (2007)

Fractionation of two Fijian specimens of the sponge Corticium sp. led to the isolation of the known active alkaloid steroid plakinamine A and two new halogenated cyclic peptides, corticiamide A (1) and cyclocinamide B (2). Structural elucidation of 1 and 2 was achieved by an extensive combination of high-field NMR and HRFT MS/MS experiments, and the absolute stereochemistry of 2 was determined by acid hydrolysis and Marfey's analysis. Corticiamide A (1) and cyclocinamide B (2) represent the first peptides to be described from the genus Corticium.
Conversion to Refugees (2009)

In 1986, when the first Dega refugees arrived in North Carolina, the New York Times provided this succinct account: The montagnards, fierce fighters who call themselves Dega people, fought the French and the Vietnamese before aligning themselves in the early 1960's with the Americans. When South Vietnam fell to the Communists in 1975, the montagnards continued to fight. Most are still there, but some montagnards fled into Cambodian jungles, seeking asylum in the West. Many were captured and imprisoned by the Khmer Rouge. A few escaped to a refugee camp on the Thai border, where they were found by old American friends who convinced the State Department to accept them as immigrants.1 KeywordsRefugee CampSocial Service AgencyRefugee StatusKhmer RougePassive VoiceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
An All-MOS Analog-to-Digital converter using a constant slope approach (1976)

A novel circuit configuration for indirect or slope-type analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) is described. Due to the simplicity of the analog requirements, this technique lends itself to implementation in a single low-cost single-polarity MOS chip. A breadboard version has been operated with 11 bit accuracy at a sample rate of 20/s.
The economic impact of chronic fatigue syndrome (2004)

BACKGROUND: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a chronic incapacitating illness that affects between 400,000 and 800,000 Americans. Despite the disabling nature of this illness, scant research has addressed the economic impact of CFS either on those affected or on the national economy. METHODS: We used microsimulation methods to analyze data from a surveillance study of CFS in Wichita, Kansas, and derive estimates of productivity losses due to CFS. RESULTS: We estimated a 37% decline in household productivity and a 54% reduction in labor force productivity among people with CFS. The annual total value of lost productivity in the United States was $9.1 billion, which represents about $20,000 per person with CFS or approximately one-half of the household and labor force productivity of the average person with this syndrome. CONCLUSION: Lost productivity due to CFS was substantial both on an individual basis and relative to national estimates for other major illnesses. CFS resulted in a national productivity loss comparable to such losses from diseases of the digestive, immune and nervous systems, and from skin disorders. The extent of the burden indicates that continued research to determine the cause and potential therapies for CFS could provide substantial benefit both for individual patients and for the nation.
Evaluation of Hydrophobic Proppant Transport by Aqueous Energized Fluids, Impact of Gas Volume Fraction and Proppant Size: A Holistic Approach (2019)

Abstract Hydrophobically coated sand, when combined with gas injection into an appropriate fluid, provides a significant improvement in proppant transport compared to uncoated sand. This supports the expectation that gas bubbles adhering to sand particles improve transport properties. In addition, the increase of nitrogen gas volume fraction within the fracturing fluid significantly enhances proppant suspension, particularly for smaller size proppant. Proppant transport occurs by two mechanisms, suspended transport and bed transport. This study aims at determining the optimum conditions and composition for a fracturing fluid, comprised of a gas dispersed into an aqueous liquid (but not as a foam), to transport hydrophobically coated proppant. The aqueous phase is comprised of water with a friction reducer, to enhance suspension performance. The impacts of the gas volume fraction of the fluid and of the proppant particle size are studied. The experimental setup is designed to compare the proppant transport efficiency of different gaseous and/or liquid fracturing fluids. In the present case, high pressure nitrogen (13.8 MPa - 2000 psi) is dispersed within an aqueous fluid. Proppant is then injected at the entrance of a straight pipe section. This central section is equipped with several collectors where the sand can accumulate. After a specific time, the system is shut down and depressurized. Sand collection along the section provides a quantitative measurement of the proppant transport efficiency. Additionally, direct observation through sight glasses allows qualitative assessment of the transport method. The main impact of increasing the volume fraction of gas is to increase suspended transport, but we also observed a moderate improvement in bed transport. Thus, overall we observed a significant improvement in proppant transport as the gas volume fraction was increased from 10% to 30%. This effect was greatest at the smallest particle size tested, i.e. 40/70 U.S. mesh sand, but was also observed with 30/50 and 20/40 U.S. mesh sands. The upper limit on gas volume fraction was imposed by the nature of the aqueous fluid, which is not designed to operate as a foam. Phase separation effects become dominant at high gas volume fractions. The effect of particle size is attributed to the increasing number of particles present at constant loading by mass. Here we present data to support the selection of gas volume fraction for use with hydrophobically coated proppant, in order to optimize proppant transport in practical fracturing operations. These data are based directly on proppant transport measurement under high pressure conditions, which enable proper consideration of elasticity and proppant suspension effects of added gas.