gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A threat modeling approach for cloud storage brokerage and file sharing systems (2018)

Cloud storage brokerage systems abstract cloud storage complexities by mediating technical and business relationships between cloud stakeholders, while providing value-added services. This however raises security challenges pertaining to the integration of disparate components with sometimes conflicting security policies and architectural complexities. Assessing the security risks of these challenges is therefore important for Cloud Storage Brokers (CSBs). In this paper, we present a threat modeling schema to analyze and identify threats and risks in cloud brokerage brokerage systems. Our threat modeling schema works by generating attack trees, attack graphs, and data flow diagrams that represent the interconnections between identified security risks. Our proof-of-concept implementation employs the Common Configuration Scoring System (CCSS) to support the threat modeling schema, since current schemes lack sufficient security metrics which are imperatives for comprehensive risk assessments. We demonstrate the efficiency of our proposal by devising CCSS base scores for two attacks commonly launched against cloud storage systems: Cloud sStorage Enumeration Attack and Cloud Storage Exploitation Attack. These metrics are then combined with CVSS based metrics to assign probabilities in an Attack Tree. Thus, we show the possibility combining CVSS and CCSS for comprehensive threat modeling, and also show that our schemas can be used to improve cloud security.
Renal double negative T cells: increasing importance in health and disease (2020)

We thank the authors for the in-depth commentary on our recently published manuscript “Activation and Proliferation of PD-1+ Kidney Double-Negative T Cells Is Dependent on Nonclassical MHC Proteins and IL-2” (1). The authors have very nicely reviewed the historic aspects, key publications and challenges in studying kidney TCRαβ double negative (DN) T cells.
Technique to separate lidar signal and sunlight (2016)

Sunlight contamination dominates the backscatter noise in space-based lidar measurements during daytime. The background scattered sunlight is highly variable and dependent upon the surface and atmospheric albedo. The scattered sunlight contribution to noise increases over land and snow surfaces where surface albedos are high and thus overwhelm lidar backscatter from optically thin atmospheric constituents like aerosols and thin clouds. In this work, we developed a novel lidar remote sensing concept that potentially can eliminate sunlight induced noise. The new lidar concept requires: (1) a transmitted laser light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM); and (2) a photon sieve (PS) diffractive filter that separates scattered sunlight from laser light backscattered from the atmosphere, ocean and solid surfaces. The method is based on numerical modeling of the focusing of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser beam and plane-wave light by a PS. The model results show that after passing through a PS, laser light that carries the OAM is focused on a ring (called "focal ring" here) on the focal plane of the PS filter, very little energy arrives at the center of the focal plane. However, scattered sunlight, as a plane wave without the OAM, focuses at the center of the focal plane and thus can be effectively blocked or ducted out. We also find that the radius of the "focal ring" increases with the increase of azimuthal mode (L) of LG laser light, thus increasing L can more effectively separate the lidar signal away from the sunlight noise.
State and Location of Water Adsorbed on Clay Minerals: Consequences of the Hydration and Swelling-Shrinkage Phenomena (1998)

Abstract The application of the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) formalism to the water desorption isotherms obtained for the whole range of the activity of water with the pressure membrane device (0.98 &lt; a w &lt; 1) and with the desiccator (0 &lt; a w &lt; 0.98) gives information concerning the nature and the relative importance of the 2 mechanisms involved in the dehydration—hydration processes: adsorption and capillary condensation. The state and location of water are described in each domain. An equation that gives the thickness t of the film of water adsorbed on the walls of pores versus the activity of water is developed. This t -curve is used to get, from the desorption isotherm, the pore size distribution curve of the studied hydrated materials. Then concepts of surface and fabric of clay pastes are discussed as a function of hydration and a mechanism is proposed to explain swelling and shrinkage of finely divided materials. Three kinds of surfaces, related to the aggregate fabric, are defined as a function of their capacity to adsorb water. Each kind of surface is determined by a specific technique: the total surface area ( S t ) by ethylene glycol adsorption, the external surface area of particles ( S s ) by nitrogen adsorption and the external surface area of aggregates ( S e ) by hydraulic conductivity measurements. As a consequence it is only with completely dispersed clays that swelling is a function of S t . With unwell-dispersed clays, water adsorption, which induces swelling, successively occurs on S t , S s and S e surfaces.
Temporal Focusing Microscopy (2015)

Axial localization of multiphoton excitation to a single plane is achieved by temporal focusing of an ultrafast pulsed excitation. We take advantage of geometrical dispersion in an extremely simple experimental setup, where an ultrashort pulse is temporally stretched and hence its peak intensity is lowered outside the focal plane of the microscope. Using this strategy, out-of-focus multiphoton excitation is dramatically reduced, and the achieved axial resolution is comparable to line-scanning multiphoton microscopy for wide-field excitation and to point-scanning multiphoton microscopy for line excitation. In this introduction, we provide a detailed description of the considerations in choosing the experimental parameters, as well as the alignment of a temporal focusing add-on to a multiphoton microscope. We also review current advances and applications for this technique.
Application of Pressure-Sensitive Paint on an Oscillating 2D profile in Transonic Flow (2007)

Measurements of aerodynamic effects on a 2D-wing-profile model were conducted using an optical pressure measurement system, based on the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique. The PSP technique has been used here for investigations of periodic and unsteady flows: In a wind tunnel campaign in the DNW-TWG in collaboration with the DLR Institute of Aeroelasticity, a 2D-wing-profile model, which is pitch oscillating at up to 30 Hz, was investigated. For these experiments pressure measurements were carried out in one wind tunnel entry by means of both phase-locked unsteady as well as unsteady PSP techniques.
Attributes And Attitudes Of Students Enrolled In Agriculture Off-Campus Videotaped Courses (1993)

No abstract available
Shoulder Arthroscopy Simulator Training Improves Shoulder Arthroscopy Performance in a Cadaver Model (SS‐60) (2013)

The benefits of simulator training on actual performance of shoulder arthroscopy are unknown. The goal of this study was to quantify the benefits of shoulder arthroscopy simulator training with a cadaver model of shoulder arthroscopy. We hypothesized that simulator training would improve shoulder arthroscopy performance.
6-Gingerol Ameliorates Sepsis Induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulating Nuclear Factor-κB and Nuclear-Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Signaling Pathways (2020)

Acute lung injury initiated systemic inflammation leads to sepsis. Septic mice show a series of degenerative changes in lungs as demonstrated by pulmonary congestion, alveolar collapse, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased wet-todry weight in lungs. 6-Gingerol ameliorates histopathological changes and clinical outcome of the sepsis. The increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-18 in septic mice were reduced by administration with 6-Gingerol. Also, 6-Gingerol attenuates sepsis-induced increase of malonaldehyde and decrease of catalase, superoxide, and glutathione. Enhanced phospho-p65, reduced nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase 1 in septic mice were reversed by administration with 6-Gingerol. In conclusion, 6-Gingerol demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against sepsis associated acute lung injury through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B and activation of nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways.
Beam shaping optics to enhance performance of interferometry techniques in grating manufacture (2018)

Improving of industrial holographic and interferometry techniques is of great importance in interference lithography, computer-generated holography, holographic data storage, interferometry recording of Bragg gratings as well as gratings of various types in semiconductor industry. Performance of mentioned techniques is essentially enhanced by providing a light beam with flat phase front and flat-top irradiance distribution. Therefore, transformation of Gaussian distribution of a TEM<sub>00</sub> laser to flat-top (top hat, uniform) distribution is an important optical task. There are different refractive and diffractive beam shaping approaches used in laser industrial and scientific applications, but only few of them are capable to fulfil the optimum conditions for beam quality demanding holography and interferometry. As a solution it is suggested to apply refractive field mapping beam shaping optics &pi;Shaper, which operational principle presumes almost lossless transformation of Gaussian to flat-top beam with flatness of output wavefront, conserving of beam consistency, providing collimated low divergent output beam, high transmittance, extended depth of field, negligible wave aberration, and achromatic design provides capability to work with several lasers with different wavelengths simultaneously. High optical quality of resulting flat-top beam allows applying additional optical components to build various imaging optical systems for variation of beam size and shape to fulfil requirements of a particular application. This paper will describe design basics of refractive beam shapers and optical layouts of their applying in holography and laser interference lithography. Examples of real implementations and experimental results will be presented as well.
Review of World Bank lending for science and technology 1980-2004 (2006)

This analysis measures the amount of World Bank lending to support scientific and technological (S&T) research and S&T capacity building. It devises a taxonomy and methodology for identifying such S&T projects, and differentiates these from other World Bank lending that may be more loosely related to science and technology. The analysis also identifies trends in operational support for science and technology.
Photonic Crystal Enhanced Absorption of Amorphous Silicon for Solar Cells (2009)

Absorption enhancement of ultra-thin amorphous silicon (aSi) layers is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, through photonic crystal patterning of the absorbing layer. We show through simulation that an increase of the absorption by a factor of 1.5 is expected for a demonstrator of 100nm of aSi. The proposal is then validated by an experimental demonstration, showing a 50% relative increase of the absorption of 100nm of aSi deposited on glass, holographically lithographed and dry-etched in order to fabricate a one-dimensional photonic crystal. This shows new possibilities of increasing the efficiency of thin film photovoltaic cells. Photonic crystal based architecture of thin film cells are proposed and discussed.
Self-organization of in vitro neuronal assemblies drives to complex network topology (2022)

Activity-dependent self-organization plays an important role in the formation of specific and stereotyped connectivity patterns in neural circuits. By combining neuronal cultures, and tools with approaches from network neuroscience and information theory, we can study how complex network topology emerges from local neuronal interactions. We constructed effective connectivity networks using a transfer entropy analysis of spike trains recorded from rat embryo dissociated hippocampal neuron cultures between 6 and 35 days in vitro to investigate how the topology evolves during maturation. The methodology for constructing the networks considered the synapse delay and addressed the influence of firing rate and population bursts as well as spurious effects on the inference of connections. We found that the number of links in the networks grew over the course of development, shifting from a segregated to a more integrated architecture. As part of this progression, three significant aspects of complex network topology emerged. In agreement with previous in silico and in vitro studies, a small-world architecture was detected, largely due to strong clustering among neurons. Additionally, the networks developed in a modular topology, with most modules comprising nearby neurons. Finally, highly active neurons acquired topological characteristics that made them important nodes to the network and integrators of modules. These findings leverage new insights into how neuronal effective network topology relates to neuronal assembly self-organization mechanisms.
Blood-Brain Barrier Opening by Individualized Closed-Loop Feedback Control of Focused Ultrasound (2022)

<i>Objective and Impact Statement</i>. To develop an approach for individualized closed-loop feedback control of microbubble cavitation to achieve safe and effective focused ultrasound in combination with microbubble-induced blood-brain barrier opening (FUS-BBBO). <i>Introduction</i>. FUS-BBBO is a promising strategy for noninvasive and localized brain drug delivery with a growing number of clinical studies currently ongoing. Real-time cavitation monitoring and feedback control are critical to achieving safe and effective FUS-BBBO. However, feedback control algorithms used in the past were either open-loop or without consideration of baseline cavitation level difference among subjects. <i>Methods</i>. This study performed feedback-controlled FUS-BBBO by defining the target cavitation level based on the baseline stable cavitation level of an individual subject with "dummy" FUS sonication. The dummy FUS sonication applied FUS with a low acoustic pressure for a short duration in the presence of microbubbles to define the baseline stable cavitation level that took into consideration of individual differences in the detected cavitation emissions. FUS-BBBO was then achieved through two sonication phases: ramping-up phase to reach the target cavitation level and maintaining phase to control the stable cavitation level at the target cavitation level. <i>Results</i>. Evaluations performed in wild-type mice demonstrated that this approach achieved effective and safe trans-BBB delivery of a model drug. The drug delivery efficiency increased as the target cavitation level increased from 0.5 dB to 2 dB without causing vascular damage. Increasing the target cavitation level to 3 dB and 4 dB increased the probability of tissue damage. <i>Conclusions</i>. Safe and effective brain drug delivery was achieved using the individualized closed-loop feedback-controlled FUS-BBBO.
Reduction of Offset Field in Top-Pinned MTJ With Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Free Layer (2014)

We found that the offset field (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ) of a top-pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with a CoPd/Ru/Ta/CoFeB-synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer can be reduced by controlling the exchange coupling energy (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ex</sub> ) value. A micromagnetic simulation was used to derive the direct relation between the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ex</sub> ) of a CoPd/Ru/Ta/CoFeB-SAF free layer and the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ) of a top-pinned MTJ with the SAF free layer. In addition, we found that the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ex</sub> ) value can be controlled by changing the thickness of the Ta spacer between the CoPd and CoFeB layers. As a result, we fabricated a top-pinned MTJ with a SAF free layer that eliminated the offset field and made it possible to improve the thermal stability.
Effects of cyclopiazonic acid on rhythmic contractions in uterine smooth muscle bundles of the rat (1994)

1. We studied the effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on rhythmic contractions and on Ca2+ uptake by the intracellular stores in longitudinal muscle strips of the rat uterus at 30 degrees C. 2. Oxytocin (1 microM) in Ca(2+)-free solution induced a transient rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and contraction after Ca2+ loading of the stores in high-K(+)- and Ca(2+)-containing solution. CPA inhibited oxytocin-induced Ca2+ release and contraction, the half and full inhibitory concentrations of CPA being 0.3 and 10 microM, respectively. In contrast, addition of CPA after Ca2+ loading exerted no significant inhibitory effects. 3. Oxytocin (10 nM) applied in Ca(2+)-containing solution induced rhythmic increases in both force and [Ca2+]i. CPA (10 microM) had no effect on oxytocin-induced rhythmic contractions. 4. At a high concentration (300 microM), CPA inhibited the rhythmic contractions induced by 10 nM oxytocin; the frequency and the peak height were decreased, and in many bundles contractions were completely abolished. These inhibitory effects were reversed after CPA washout. 5. CPA (300 microM) inhibited the rate of rise of [Ca2+]i due to depolarization induced by high-K(+)-containing solution. 6. These results suggest that low concentrations of CPA inhibit the loading of Ca2+ into intracellular stores in intact tissue strips, and that the Ca2+ stores are not directly involved in the uterine rhythmic contractions. It is also suggested that a high concentration of CPA inhibits the mechanism that is responsible for the generation of rhythmic contractions as well as voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.
Effect of baking temperature and air exposure on the outgassing rate of type 316L stainless steel (1987)

The outgassing rates of a vacuum remelted type 316L stainless steel were measured as a function of baking temperatures, baking durations, and air exposure/baking cycles. Long-time baking, as was expected, reduced the outgassing rate of the stainless steel. A subsequent air exposure and short-time baking in vacuum was found to reduce the outgassing rate much more than the preceding long-time baking. The outgassing rate after baking qAB was reduced with the repeated air exposure/baking cycles at a constant baking temperature. After a few air exposure/baking cycles, qAB was not reduced and remained constant with a further air exposure/baking cycle. This indicates that the surface of the stainless steel reached the steady state with respect to the outgassing as a result of the repeated air exposure/baking cycles. For this thoroughly degassed state, the effect of baking temperature was evaluated in the range of 150 to 450 °C. Six-hour baking at 150 °C was sufficient to attain the outgassing rate of 1.3×10−10 Pa m3/s m2. The relation between the outgassing rate after baking q*AB and the maximum baking temperature TBmax was approximately expressed by the equation log q*AB =−1.87 log TBmax−4.51. The Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis showed that the Cr enrichment at the surface became more evident as the maximum baking temperature increased. Further for a given baking temperature, little significant difference in AES spectra was observed between the thoroughly degassed state and the intermediately degassed state.
Clinical course of more than 10 years in a patient with extensive skin burns who received cultured epidermal autograft transplantation (2022)

Cultured epidermal autografts (CEAs) are used to treat extensive burns, giant congenital melanocytic nevi, and epidermolysis bullosa, but information about the long-term clinical course after CEA transplantation is scarce. Here we report 10 years' progress of a 7-year-old Japanese girl who suffered from a scald burn injury affecting 80% of her total body surface area and was treated with CEA transplantation. The skin of a child with extensive burns treated with CEAs appeared soft and of a good texture, even after 10 years, and recovery of skin pigmentation and scar condition were better at sites with a combination of CEAs and autologous skin grafts than those with CEAs alone.
Activin A maintains pluripotency markers and proliferative potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (2011)

To investigate the role of Activin A in the embryoid bodies (EBs) of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, EBs were transferred onto dishes coated with Matrigel after 4 days of incubation with Activin A and observed under a microscope. Alkaline phosphatase staining and immunostaining were performed to analyze the pluripotency of the cells, and the MTS assay was performed to analyze their proliferative potential. Fourteen days after EB formation, cells cultured with Activin A (100 ng/ml) showed no morphological alterations. Cells cultured with 10-100 ng/ml of Activin A were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining, while cells cultured with 0-3 ng/ml showed negative staining. Cells cultured with 10 ng/ml of Activin A were positive for Oct3/4, Nanog, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-60, while cells cultured with 0 ng/ml Activin A were negative. Cells cultured with 3-30 ng/ml of Activin A maintained their proliferative potential, while loss of proliferative potential was observed in cells cultured with 100 ng/ml Activin A. In conclusion, Activin A maintained pluripotency markers in human iPS cells cultured as EBs with Activin A.
Current Treatment Strategies for Bicolumnar Distal Humerus Fractures (2010)

Management of distal humerus fractures continues to challenge orthopaedic surgeons. The unique and complex anatomy of the distal humerus, involving the ulnohumeral and radiocapitellar joints, makes anatomic reduction difficult and hardware placement challenging. However, long-term results of well-performed open reduction and internal fixation demonstrate satisfactory outcomes in most patients. Osteoporosis in the elderly population often leads to severe comminution, which may render open reduction and internal fixation impossible. Total elbow arthroplasty in the elderly has become a viable option, with excellent results in the properly selected patient who understands the lifetime limitations of this option. Distal humeral replacement is a new and potentially exciting option but it is currently not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and has no long-term follow-up to support its use.