gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary vasospasm in humans: the role of atherosclerosis and of impaired endothelial vasodilator function (1991)

The traditional view that coronary stenoses cause myocardial ischemia by limiting increases in blood flow is now thought to be incomplete. Convincing evidence has accumulated that coronary narrowings play an active role in causing ischemia by intermittently interfering with coronary blood flow, not only among patients with the rare Prinzmetal’s variant angina, but also in nearly all patients with unstable and stable forms of angina pectoris (1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 13, 31). Studies of Chierchia and colleagues (2) in patients with unstable angina demonstrated a fall in coronary sinus oxygen saturation which could not be explained by a simultaneous increase in myocardial oxygen demand. Selwyn (1981) used radionuclides to monitor myocardial perfusion in patients with stable angina during rapid atrial pacing and found a net fall in myocardial blood flow in regions distal to coronary stenosis. More recently, positron emission tomography was used to assess changes in regional myocardial perfusion in patients with stable angina using rubidium-82. These studies also demonstrated decreases in regional blood flow which accompanied ischemia triggered by exercise, cold pressor stimulation or mental stress (6, 7). Ganz and colleagues (13) in patients with unstable angina directly measured coronary stenosis resistance by simultaneously determing pressure gradients and blood flow across moderately severe coronary narrowings, and they demonstrated increases in stenosis resistance both preceding and at the onset of episodes of ischemia.
A comparison of the efficiency and crosstalk of quaternary and binary phase-only holograms based on ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) (1998)

Abstract The benefits of employing a quaternary phase-only hologram, programmed onto a silicon backplane Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) are evaluated with respect to insertion loss and crosstalk isolation between two single-mode fibre ports. It is shown that insertion loss for a binary phase hologram with current FLCs, is comparable to that of quaternary phase holograms utilising deformed-helix (DH) FLCs. Its worst-case crosstalk performance is no worse than that of a quaternary phase hologram for a typical regular fibre array design. Key Words: binary quaternary hologramsfibre coupling efficiency
Hydrogen induced roughening and smoothing in surface morphology during synchrotron-radiation-excited GeH4-source homoepitaxy on Ge(001) (2006)

The kinetics of roughening and smoothing in Ge(001) surface morphology during synchrotron-radiation-excited GeH4-source homoepitaxy has been investigated. At high GeH4 pressures and low substrate temperatures, two-dimensionally flat surface morphology is maintained while passivating the epitaxially growing surface with a Ge hydride layer. After exceeding the critical temperature (330°C), the delivery of GeHx species to the partially dangling bond terminated surface and the accelerated migration of Ge atoms result in roughening from the initial stage of growth, the onset of which can be detected in terms of a small loop in real-time ψ-Δ trajectories of ellipsometric monitoring. The roughening tendency is enhanced with increasing synchroton radiation beam intensity and substrate temperature and with decreasing GeH4 pressure. Submicrometer tall islands consisting of a (001) top surface surrounded by (113) sidewalls are produced. Roughening is terminated when all dangling bonds are tied up with H atoms, i.e., when the surface free energy is minimized. Then, preferential embedding into valleys between islands yields sinusoidal-like ripple morphology, which is eventually converted into a flat Ge epilayer with no inner defects.
Prediction of EMI behaviour in terms of passive component placement (2007)

The performance of EMI filters is severely influenced by the placement of passive components. This paper introduces a method to predict these effects and demonstrates its potential on a DC/DC-Converter for automotive applications. Design rules are derived for favourable placement of several types of passive components.
Eigenmode analysis of plasmonic scatterers by volumetric integral equation technique (2013)

A Volumetric Method of Moments (V-MoM) based full wave eigenmode analysis technique is introduced to the nanoscale and applied to analyze plasmonic structures (monomer, dimer, and the associated composite dolmen structure). It is shown that the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes determine the resonant frequencies and quality factors of the plasmonic response. Further, the physical origin of the Fano resonance in the dolmen structure is revealed from both individual component and complete structural behavior.
Micromachined high-frequency ultrasound 2-dimensional array transducer (2013)

Micromachining techniques have been developed and applied in fabricating high frequency piezoelectric composite 2-dimensional ultrasound array transducers. The array has 256 elements with the size of 105 μm by 105 μm. The kerf between elements is 5 μm. The center frequency is 52 MHz with the -6 dB bandwidth of 58%. As many as 98% elements are working. The pulse-echo responses have been measured with the testing system.
Estimating the parameters of spectra in problems of remote radio sounding of near-Earth plasmas (2002)

The accuracy and resolution of remote sensing instruments employing radio-wave techniques can be increased by applying methods of estimation of the model parameters. On the basis of a priori information on the structure of signals, effective computing algorithms for the construction of models of the investigated process are used. The data model is assumed to consist of a limited number of plane waves (oscillations) embedded in noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio q>1. Methods of spectral estimation based on Levinson's, Berg's, Cholesky's and least squares algorithms with the solution of the system of linear equations by Gauss' method are used in the simulations. Applying different methods of autoregressive parameter estimation, computer simulations are conducted at various values of q and for a number of waves (oscillations). The effects of the order of autoregressive models on the results of the evaluation are investigated, as well as the effects of the length of the time series.
Bisphenol‐A polycarbonate–poly(butylene terephthalate) transesterification. III. Study of model reactions (1982)

Abstract Exchange reactions in molten bisphenol‐A polycarbonate–poly(butylene terephthalate) mixtures are investigated by means of model reactions. Transesterification can result either from direct ester‐ester interchange or via alcoholysis or acidolysis. Among the various reactions investigated, only the PBTP alcoholysis by phenol is not found to occur. Taking into account that bisphenol‐A terephthalate units (A 2 B 1 ) and butylene carbonate units (A 1 B 2 ) are formed in equimolecular amounts, it is concluded that direct ester‐ester interchange is the most likely mechanism for PC‐PBTP transesterification.
Distributed sensing of a slowly time-varying sparse spectrum using matrix completion (2011)

In this paper, we consider the problem of sensing a frequency spectrum in a distributed manner using as few measurements as possible while still guaranteeing a low detection error. To achieve this goal we use the newly developed technique of matrix completion which enables to recover a low rank matrix from a small subset of its entries. We model the sensed bandwidth at different cognitive radios as a spectrum matrix. It has been shown that in many cases the spectrum used by a primary user is underutilized. Therefore the spectrum matrix often has a low rank structure. By taking few measurements at several cognitive radios and reconstructing the matrix at a fusion center, we can dramatically reduce the required number of samples to reconstruct the utilization of the bandwidth. This is a key enabler for efficient and reliable spectrum reuse.
Role of chemical reactions of arylamine hole transport materials in operational degradation of organic light-emitting diodes (2008)

We report that the representative arylamine hole transport materials undergo chemical transformations in operating organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. Although the underlying chemical mechanisms are too complex to be completely elucidated, structures of several identified degradation products point at dissociations of relatively weak carbon-nitrogen and carbon-carbon bonds in arylamine molecules as the initiating step. Considering the photochemical reactivities, the bond dissociation reactions of arylamines occur by the homolysis of the lowest singlet excited states formed by recombining charge carriers in the operating OLED device. The subsequent chemical reactions are likely to yield long-lived, stabilized free radicals capable of acting as deep traps—nonradiative recombination centers and fluorescence quenchers. Their presence in the hole transport layer results in irreversible hole trapping and manifests as a positive fixed charge. The extent and localization of chemical transformations in several exemplary devices suggest that the free radical reactions of hole transporting materials, arylamines, can be sufficient to account for the observed luminance efficiency loss and voltage rise in operating OLEDs. The relative bond strengths and excited state energies of OLED materials appear to have a determining effect on the operational stability of OLED devices.
AN EXTRACT OF THE MUSHROOM AGARICUS BLAZEI MURILL PROTECTS AGAINST LETHAL SEPTICEMIA IN A MOUSE MODEL OF FECAL PERITONITIS (2006)

Bacterial septicemia is frequently occurring during gastroenterological surgery. Because of increasing problems in hospitals with bacteria developing multiresistance against antibiotics, prophylactic treatment using immunomodulators is interesting. We have examined the putatively anti-infective immunomodulatory action of the edible mushroom, Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), in an experimental peritonitis model in BALB/c mice. The mice were orally given an extract of AbM or phosphate-buffered saline 1 day before the induction of peritonitis with various concentrations of feces from the mice. The state of septicemia, as measured by the number of colony-forming units of bacteria in blood, and the survival rate of the animals were compared between the groups. Mice that were orally treated with AbM extract before bacterial challenge showed significantly lower levels of septicemia and improved survival rates. Our findings suggest that the AbM extract, when given prophylactically, may improve health. Further studies are needed on humans when considering whether AbM could be used as an alternative treatment modality for patients at risk of contracting serious bacterial peritonitis.
Collagen Surfaces Modified with Photo-Cleavable Polyethylene Glycol-Lipid Support Versatile Single-Cell Arrays of Both Non-adherent and Adherent Cells (2014)

Cell patterning on photo-responsive materials are a promising tool for preparing unique single-cell arrays. However, most conventional single-cell arrays on such smart materials can be applied only to adherent cells and limit cellular functions such as extension and migration within the patterned adhesive surfaces. In this study, a versatile single cell array that works with both non-adherent and adherent cells was constructed using a photo-cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid/collagen surface. On this single-cell array, cells behaved similar to their native functions without limitation from the patterned surface. Furthermore, quantitative imaging analyses of cellular motility and morphological changes were performed in a high-throughput manner.
Morphologic Instability and Cancer Invasion (2005)

We conclude that therapeutic strategies focused solely on reduction of vascular density may paradoxically increase invasive behavior. This theoretical model accounts for the highly variable outcome of antiangiogenic therapy in multiple clinical trials. We propose that antiangiogenic strategies will be more consistently successful when aimed at "normalizing" the vasculature and when combined with therapies that increase cell adhesion so that morphologic instability is suppressed and compact, noninvasive tumor morphologies are enforced.
Prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum isolated from eggs produced in conventional or organic farms in South Korea (2013)

To determine the prevalence of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis in eggs in South Korea, we conducted a microbiological survey of commercially available eggs produced in conventional or organic farms during the period from 2010 to 2012. The contents of 7,000 raw shell eggs (6,000 of conventional and 1,000 of organic origin) were examined to evaluate the extent and type of Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. A total of 26 salmonellae (7.4% of all pooled samples) were isolated from 350 homogenized pools, each containing the contents from 20 eggs. An unexpected and particularly surprising finding was that all the Salmonella isolates were serotyped as Salmonella Gallinarum. Salmonella Gallinarum was more common in eggs from organic farms: 10 of 50 egg pools (20.0%) from organic and 16 of 300 egg pools (5.3%) from conventional farms tested positive for Salmonella Gallinarum. However, organic and conventional isolates showed similar antimicrobial susceptibilities. All the isolates and a vaccine strain, SG 9R, which has been widely used in South Korea, were further characterized using the automated repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system, DiversiLab, to ascertain the molecular subtypes and to identify differences from the vaccine strain. The rep-PCR identified 2 distinct clusters among the 26 Salmonella Gallinarum isolates with a greater than 96% similarity index. These were clearly differentiated from the vaccine strain, SG 9R, with which there was a less than 86% similarity index. We found there was low genetic heterogeneity among isolates within each cluster and were able to distinguish wild type strains from the live vaccine strain (SG 9R) using the DiversiLab system.
Silicon Photonics: Are Smaller Devices Always Better? (2006)

There is a worldwide trend towards miniaturising silicon photonic waveguides for both performance and cost reasons. It is clear than in many circumstances the shrinking of the device dimensions provides advantages in terms of cost and packing density, modulation bandwidth, improved performance in resonant structures, and an increase in optical power density within the devices. However, the size reduction comes at some costs in increased difficulty in maintaining single mode operation of the waveguides whilst controlling the polarisation properties of the device. Furthermore, the difficulty of coupling into and out of these devices is increased due to the mismatch in size and refractive index with an optical fibre.
Damping subsynchronous resonance by phase shifters (1989)

A method is presented to damp subsynchronous resonance (SSR) using a thyristor-controlled phase shifter to modulate the generator real power. A control approach is proposed in which generator speed and/or modal speed deviations are used as the control signals for the phase shifter. Location of the phase shifter in the network to damp subsynchronous oscillations effectively is also investigated. An eigenvalue analysis method is used to study the effectiveness of this approach. It is shown that all torsional modes of system-1 of the second IEEE benchmark can be successfully suppressed by the use of the phase shifter with proper control signals and location. To verify the analytical results, a digital computer study on the second IEEE benchmark for SSR studies was conducted using a detailed nonlinear generator model. Results of the study are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chinese document indexing based on a new partitioned signature file: Model and evaluation (2001)

In this article we investigate the use of signature files in Chinese information retrieval system and propose a new partitioning method for Chinese signature file based on the characteristic of Chinese words. Our partitioning method, called Partitioned Signature File for Chinese (PSFC), offers faster search efficiency than the traditional single signature file approach. We devise a general scheme for controlling the trade-off between the false drop and storage overhead while maintaining the search space reduction in PSFC. An analytical study is presented to support the claims of our method. We also propose two new hashing methods for Chinese signature files so that the signature file will be more suitable for dynamic environment while the retrieval performance is maintained. Furthermore, we have implemented PSFC and the new hashing methods, and we evaluated them using a large-scale real-world Chinese document corpus, namely, the TREC-5 (Text REtrieval Conference) Chinese collection. The experimental results confirm the features of PSFC and demonstrate its superiority over the traditional single signature file method.
Detection of Projectiles by Electric Field Measurements (1980)

A number of various physical mechanisms cause aircraft, missiles, and projectiles to he electrically charged during free flight. The electric charge is in the 10-6 C range for aircraft and in the 10-10 C range for projectiles. The electric field thus transported provides information by which measuring the position and velocity of a projectile is possible. A measuring device is described to determine the position of a projectile in free flight while it is passing a target plane. The electric field distribution is measured by means of three electrodes in the manner of metal plates which are positioned in the proximity of the trajectory of the projectile. A mathematical formula can be derived to describe the coherence between the values measured of the electric field strength and the coordinates of the projectile. This measuring device consists of the target plane, 1 × 1 m2 in size, and the electric device controlled by a microprocessor. The measuring system has been tested with projectiles of the 4-30 mm caliber range and at velocities within the 50-1100 m/s range. The accuracy of the coordinates measured was found to be ± 7.5 mm.
Selectivity enhancement of a tissue-based adenosine-sensing membrane electrode (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivity enhancement of a tissue-based adenosine-sensing membrane electrodeM. A. Arnold and G. A. RechnitzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 3, 515–518Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00226a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00226a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multigrain indexing of unknown multiphase materials (2016)

A multigrain indexing algorithm for use with samples comprising an arbitrary number of known or unknown phases is presented. No <i>a priori</i> crystallographic knowledge is required. The algorithm applies to data acquired with a monochromatic beam and a conventional two-dimensional detector for diffraction. Initially, candidate grains are found by searching for crystallographic planes, using a Dirac comb convoluted with a box function as a filter. Next, candidate grains are validated and the unit cell is optimized. The algorithm is validated by simulations. Simulations of 500 cementite grains and ∼100 reflections per grain resulted in 99.2% of all grains being indexed correctly and 99.5% of the reflections becoming associated with the right grain. Simulations with 200 grains associated with four mineral phases and 50-700 reflections per grain resulted in 99.9% of all grains being indexed correctly and 99.9% of the reflections becoming associated with the right grain. The main limitation is in terms of overlap of diffraction spots and computing time. Potential areas of use include three-dimensional grain mapping, structural solution and refinement studies of complex samples, and studies of dilute phases.
An equivalent reduced system for coupled vibration analysis. (1988)

Coupled vibration problems in large scale mechanical or rotor systems are often encountered; for instance, a shaft-blade coupled vibration of a turbine and generator set. Instead of FEM modelling for a global system consisting of main system A and sub system B, an equivalent reduced system is presented. According to the reduction technique, the eigenvalue problem of the vibrating system B is first solved; then, equivalent masses and springs are determined for each corresponding eigenmode of system B. Therefore, the original global system is reduced to system A plus the additional masses representing system B. It is concluded that the reduced model is physically reasonable and numerically accurate enough, even though a simpler program is used for the system A than for the global system A+ B.
The Effects of Oxygen‐Argon Mixing on Properties of Sputtered Silicon Dioxide Films (1987)

The effects of oxygen mixing into argon sputtering gas on the properties of silicon oxide films are presented. The silicon oxide films were deposited from an target at low temperature (200°C). The oxygen mixing confirms that the film properties of sputter‐deposited films can be considerably improved to the same level as those of thermal oxide film. Moreover, the oxygen mixing improves the electrical characteristics of sputter‐deposited films resulting in a high resistivity of >1015 Ω · cm and a high breakdown field of >7.5 MV/cm. In addition, measurements of MOS capacitors featuring sputter‐deposited films as gate oxide films indicate that an excellent surface‐state density can be achieved. Oxygen‐argon sputter deposition is thus proved very useful for low temperature silicon dioxide film formation in MOSFET fabrication.
Gender Parity in Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. These documents inform and shape patient care around the world. In this Perspective we discuss the importance of diversity on guideline panels, the disproportionately low representation of women on critical care guideline panels, and existing initiatives to increase the representation of women in corporations, universities, and government. We propose five strategies to ensure gender parity within critical care medicine.