gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Brain Shift Compensation: Accounting for Dural Septa (2010)

Biomechanical models that describe soft tissue deformation provide a relatively inexpensive way to correct registration errors in image-guided neurosurgical systems caused by nonrigid brain shift. Quantifying the factors that cause this deformation to sufficient precision is a challenging task. To circumvent this difficulty, atlas-based methods have been developed recently that allow for uncertainty, yet still capture the first-order effects associated with deformation. The inverse solution is driven by sparse intraoperative surface measurements, which could bias the reconstruction and affect the subsurface accuracy of the model prediction. Studies using intraoperative MR have shown that the deformation in the midline, tentorium, and contralateral hemisphere is relatively small. The dural septa act as rigid membranes supporting the brain parenchyma and compartmentalizing the brain. Accounting for these structures in models may be an important key to improving subsurface shift accuracy. A novel method to segment the tentorium cerebelli will be described, along with the procedure for modeling the dural septa. Results in seven clinical cases show a qualitative improvement in subsurface shift accuracy making the predicted deformation more congruous with previous observations in the literature. The results also suggest a considerably more important role for hyperosmotic drug modeling for the intraoperative shift correction environment.
Fast and Robust Eyelid Outline and Aperture Detection in Real-World Scenarios (2017)

The correct identification of the eyelids and its aperture provide essential data to infer a subject's mental state (e.g., vigilance, fatigue, and drowsiness) and to validate or reduce the search space of other eye features (e.g., pupil, and iris). This knowledge can be used not only to improve many applications, such as eye tracking and iris recognition, but also to derive information about the user (such as, the take-over readiness of the driver in the automated driving context). In this paper, we propose a computervision-based approach to eyelids identification and aperture estimation. Evaluation was performed on an existing data set from the literature as well as on a new data set introduced in this work. The new data set contains 4000 hand-labeled eye images from 11 subjects driving in a city, these contain several challenges such as reflections, makeup, wrinkles, blinks, and changing illumination. The proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art methods by up to 16.11 percentage points in terms of average similarity to the hand-labeled eyelid outline (from 34px to 12px) and 21.7 pixels (or 7.53% of the eye image height) in terms of average eyelid aperture estimation error. The proposed method implementation runs in real time even on a single core (7ms) and is available, together with the new data set, at http://www.ti.uni-tuebingen.de/Eyelid-detection.2007.0.html.
SOLVENT NETWORKS IN NUCLEOTIDE CRYSTAL HYDRATES (1984)

Solvent is known to play a role in stability and transitions of nucleic acid helices. We are using computer simulation techniques to study the structure and energetics of water at nucleic acid interfaces in crystals, which enables a detailed comparison of the predicted solvent molecules to be compared with well characterised experimental data from crystallographic studies. In an effort to improve the predictive power of computer simulation we have been studying the explicit use of both experimentally derived and calculated hydrogen atomic positions on either all solute atoms or on polar solute atoms alone using two different force fields for the solute atoms.
An integration of complementary strategies for gene-expression analysis to reveal novel therapeutic opportunities for breast cancer (2019)

Abstract Introduction Perhaps the major challenge in developing more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer patients is confronting the heterogeneity of the disease, recognizing that breast cancer is not one disease but multiple disorders with distinct underlying mechanisms. Gene-expression profiling studies have been used to dissect this complexity, and our previous studies identified a series of intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer that define distinct populations of patients with respect to survival. Additional work has also used signatures of oncogenic pathway deregulation to dissect breast cancer heterogeneity as well as to suggest therapeutic opportunities linked to pathway activation. Methods We used genomic analyses to identify relations between breast cancer subtypes, pathway deregulation, and drug sensitivity. For these studies, we use three independent breast cancer gene-expression data sets to measure an individual tumor phenotype. Correlation between pathway status and subtype are examined and linked to predictions for response to conventional chemotherapies. Results We reveal patterns of pathway activation characteristic of each molecular breast cancer subtype, including within the more aggressive subtypes in which novel therapeutic opportunities are critically needed. Whereas some oncogenic pathways have high correlations to breast cancer subtype (RAS, CTNNB1, p53, HER1), others have high variability of activity within a specific subtype (MYC, E2F3, SRC), reflecting biology independent of common clinical factors. Additionally, we combined these analyses with predictions of sensitivity to commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapies to provide additional opportunities for therapeutics specific to the intrinsic subtype that might be better aligned with the characteristics of the individual patient. Conclusions Genomic analyses can be used to dissect the heterogeneity of breast cancer. We use an integrated analysis of breast cancer that combines independent methods of genomic analyses to highlight the complexity of signaling pathways underlying different breast cancer phenotypes and to identify optimal therapeutic opportunities.
Case 93: Progressive Hypoglycemia Due to Insulinoma in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes: Treatment with Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Pancreas-Sparing Surgery (2015)

A 54-year-old man with type 2 diabetes (T2D) presented for evaluation of hypoglycemia. T2D was diagnosed at age 35 years, when the patient presented with recurrent urinary tract infections. Treatment with diet, metformin, and pioglitazone/rosiglitazone led to normalization of glucose, with hemoglobin A1c of 6%. He remained stable until age 54 years, when he developed an inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI). Postinfarction pericarditis required initiation of higher dose aspirin (650 mg t.i.d.). Patient markedly improved diet and increased exercise in the post-MI setting, achieving a rapid 24-lb weight loss. Metformin and rosiglitazone were discontinued.
Key Factor Managing the Horizontal Emitting Dipole Orientation of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter in a Mixed Host (2022)

Horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules in a mixed host was studied by altering the host materials and host composition of the mixed host to gain insight into the important parameter of the host governing the EDO of TADF emitters. Five different host materials were combined with 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), demonstrating that the host-dopant interaction is crucial to the absolute value of the horizontal EDO of the TADF emitters, whereas the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) is the important parameter determining the EDO dependence upon host composition. The mixed host of mCP with a high <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> host maintained high horizontal EDO in the mCP poor host composition, while that of mCP with a low <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> host showed average horizontal EDO of two hosts. Therefore, the combination of a high <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> n-type host enabling a strong host-dopant interaction with the p-type host with the usage of the n-type-host-rich composition is effective to achieve high horizontal EDO in the mixed-host-based TADF emitting layer.
Acid Catalyzed Ring Opening Reactions of 6-Deoxy-9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A 6,9-Cyclic Imino Ether. (1998)

In recent years, there has been growing interest in ring The numbering system of the C-10-C-15 fragment after the inversion in seco amides 6-9 is the same as that in 1.
Zero-base budgeting in the federal government: a case study. (1979)

The implementation of a zero-base budgeting system in Federal government agencies, instituted by President Carter in 1977, yielded quite different results, not only among the agencies but within specific departments as well. The experience of the Public Health Service with this budgeting process is documented and analyzed in this article. Though the individual PHS agencies generally felt that ZBB is a poor budgetary tool, the author's principal claims are that the technique was misused and that its application may well be inappropriate for the entire budget of a large political system. The result, according to Professor Herzlinger, was that those individuals who should have been the prime beneficiaries of the ZBB process were most disappointed by it.
Cutting Edge: ASC Mediates the Induction of Multiple Cytokines by Porphyromonas gingivalis via Caspase-1-Dependent and -Independent Pathways (2006)

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a major etiologic agent for chronic periodontitis. Tissue destruction by Pg results partly from induction of host inflammatory responses through TLR2 signaling. This work examines the role of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), an adaptor molecule important for TLR-mediated caspase-1 activation. Results demonstrate that ASC levels are stable upon infection of human THP1 monocytic cells with Pg but decrease after cytokine induction. Using short hairpin RNA, we demonstrate an essential role for ASC in induction of IL-1beta by TLR2, 4, and 5 agonists, live Escherichia coli, and Pg. Induction of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF also requires ASC, but this induction is not inhibited by IL-1 receptor antagonist or caspase-1 inhibitor. Similar results in U937 indicate broad applicability of these findings. Pg-infected ASC knockdown THP1 cells exhibit reduced transcript levels and NF-kappaB activation. These results suggest a role for ASC in cytokine induction by Pg involving both caspase-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Reactions of the 1,8-diphenylanthracene system (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of the 1,8-diphenylanthracene systemHerbert O. House, Nabih I. Ghali, John L. Haack, and Don VanDerveerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 10, 1807–1817Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01298a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01298a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3141Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
WIKI’2022: 9th Annual Wiki Workshop (2022)

No abstract available.
Sperm equatorial segment protein 1, SPESP1, is required for fully fertile sperm in mouse (2010)

Mammalian fertilization is a multistep process that culminates in the fusion of the sperm and egg plasma membrane. It is widely accepted that the equatorial segment of the acrosome-reacted sperm is important in initiating fusion with the egg plasma membrane during fertilization. There are various proteins known to be distributed only in the equatorial segment of sperm. The role of these proteins must be clarified to understand the membrane fusion process. We produced a mouse line that lacked SPESP1 (sperm equatorial segment protein 1) and analyzed the fertilizing ability of the sperm. The average number of pups that were fathered by Spesp1(+/-) and Spesp1(-/-) males was significantly lower than that of wild-type fathers. In these mouse lines, fewer sperm were found to migrate into oviducts and fewer eggs were fertilized. The Spesp1(+/-) and Spesp1(-/-) sperm showed a lower fusing ability compared with the wild-type sperm. The disruption of Spesp1 was shown to cause an aberrant distribution of various sperm proteins. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the membrane in the equatorial segment area, which usually forms an acrosomal sheath, disappears after acrosome reaction in Spesp1-deficient mice. It was demonstrated that SPESP1 is necessary to produce the fully 'fusion competent' sperm.
Flexion-Relaxation Ratio Asymmetry and Its Relation With Trunk Lateral ROM in Individuals With and Without Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain (2019)

3.
The induced synthesis and transport of yolk proteins and their accumulation by the oocyte inXenopus laevis (1968)

The process of vitellogenesis in oviparous vertebrates embraces a number of integrated physiological and developmental phenomena. Since this process is readily subjected to experimental control in Xenopus laevis, we have been able to undertake a preliminary survey of the pertinent mechanisms operating in this animal. The information at hand is discussed as it relates to (a) the hormonal (estrogen) induction of yolk protein synthesis by the liver, (b) the characterization of the yolk protein produced and its relationship to the proteins of the mature egg, (c) the transport of the yolk protein to the ovary and its specific uptake by the developing oocyte, and (d) the transformation of the accumulated protein into crystalline yolk platelets.
Model Elastomeric Networks (1981)

Abstract Tetrafunctional and trifunctional model polymer networks of known crosslink density were prepared by end-linking a variety of hydroxyl terminated chains both in the undiluted state and in solution. The polymers employed were poly(dimethylsiloxane), atactic poly(propylene oxide), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(tetramethylene oxide), and poly( e -caprolactone), and the end-linking agents were alkoxy silanes and an aromatic triisocyanate. The resulting networks were studied (i) in elongation at 25°C, both in the unswollen state and swollen with a nonvolatile diluent, and (ii) in equilibrium swelling in benzene. The values of the elongation modulus in the limits at large and small deformations were found to be in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions for nonaffine and affine deformations, respectively (the latter corresponding to the case in which the displacements of the network chain vectors are a simple linear function of the macroscopic strain). Comparisons between the tetrafunctional and trifunctional siloxane networks showed that both of these moduli have very nearly the expected dependence on network functionality. The swelling equilibrium results were found to be in very good agreement with a recent theory of network swelling in which the closeness of the approach to the affine limit depends on both the network structure and the degree of swelling. None of the results provided evidence for very significant contributions from interchain entanglements. Several of the polymers, however, have large values of the "plateau modulus" in the uncrosslinked state, and are therefore generally considered to have high densities of entanglements of this type. The present results thus contradict the widely held notion that interchain entanglements should contribute to equilibrium elastomeric properties to nearly the same extent as they do to the dynamic, visco-elastic properties.
Role of intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species in microbubble-mediated alterations of endothelial layer permeability (2013)

Drugs will be delivered to diseased tissue more efficiently if the vascular endothelial permeability is increased. Ultrasound in combination with an ultrasound contrast agent is known to increase the permeability of the endothelial layer, but the mechanism is not known. The goal of this study was to elucidate whether intracellular calcium ions, [Ca(2+)]i, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are part of the mechanism that leads to an increased endothelial layer permeability following ultrasound and microbubble treatment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated for 2 min with ultrasound-activated microbubbles (1 MHz, 210 kPa, 10 000 cycles, 20 Hz repetition rate) had an increased permeability that lasted up to 12 h. Recovery of permeability after 2 h was only found when HUVECs were preincubated with the [Ca(2+)]i chelator BAPTA-AM or the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). This suggests that both [Ca(2+)]i and ROS play an important role in the mechanism of increased permeability following ultrasound in combination with microbubble treatment.
Genetic Characterization of Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Styrene in Pseudomonas putida CA-3 (2005)

Pseudomonas putida CA-3 is capable of accumulating medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs) when growing on the toxic pollutant styrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. In this study, we report on the molecular characterization of the metabolic pathways involved in this novel bioconversion. With a mini-Tn5 random mutagenesis approach, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) was identified as the end product of styrene metabolism in P. putida CA-3. Amplified flanking-region PCR was used to clone functionally expressed phenylacetyl-CoA catabolon genes upstream from the sty operon in P. putida CA-3, previously reported to generate acetyl-CoA moieties from the styrene catabolic intermediate, phenylacetyl-CoA. However, the essential involvement of a (non-phenylacetyl-CoA) catabolon-encoded 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is also reported. The link between de novo fatty acid synthesis and PHA monomer accumulation was investigated, and a functionally expressed 3-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein-CoA transacylase (phaG) gene in P. putida CA-3 was identified. The deduced PhaG amino acid sequence shared >99% identity with a transacylase from P. putida KT2440, involved in 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA MCL-PHA monomer sequestration from de novo fatty acid synthesis under inorganic nutrient-limited conditions. Similarly, with P. putida CA-3, maximal phaG expression was observed only under nitrogen limitation, with concomitant PHA accumulation. Thus, beta-oxidation and fatty acid de novo synthesis appear to converge in the generation of MCL-PHA monomers from styrene in P. putida CA-3. Cloning and functional characterization of the pha locus, responsible for PHA polymerization/depolymerization is also reported and the significance and future prospects of this novel bioconversion are discussed.
External Genital Warts: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention (2002)

External genital warts (EGWs) are visible warts that occur in the perigenital and perianal regions. They are due primarily to non-oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types, usually types 6 and 11. Physical examination assisted by bright light and magnification is the recommended approach for primary diagnosis. Biopsy is indicated when EGWs are fixed to underlying structures or discolored or when standard therapies are not effective. Recurrences are common, and there is no single treatment that is superior to others. Among women with atypical squamous cells, molecular HPV testing may be useful in determining who should be referred for colposcopy. Condoms may provide some protection against HPV-related diseases and thus are recommended in new sexual relationships and when partnerships are not mutually monogamous. Because the efficacy of cesarean section in preventing vertical transmission of HPV infection from women with EGWs to their progeny has not been proved, it is not recommended.
Substrate Requirements for Angiotensin I Conversion In Vivo and In Vitro (1973)

The substrate requirements for angiotensin I-converting enzyme were studied in vivo in the dog lung and in vitro in plasma, using angiotensin I (AI), 5- D -Ile-AI, 7- D -Pro-AI, and 8-D-Phe-AI which had been synthesized by the solid-phase technique. All peptides were inactive in the rabbit aortic strip preparation. None of the D-amino acid-substituted peptides gave a pressor response in the anesthetized dog; none showed significant immunologic cross-reactivity with anti-AI serum or antiangiotensin II serum. Each peptide was labeled with 125 I, and the monoiodinated species was isolated. The iodinated peptides were incubated with diluted dog plasma or injected into the right ventricle of intact anesthetized dogs. In vitro, 125 I-AI, 125 I-5-D-IIe-AI, and 125 I-7-D-Pro-AI were converted to angiotensin II (AII). 8-D-Phe-AI was not converted. In vivo, 15 seconds after injecting 125 I-AI, 125 I-5-D-IIe-AI, or 125 I-7-D-Pro-AI into the right ventricle, 125 I-AJI accounted for 70, 60, and 45%, respectively, of the radioactive material in aortic blood. These results and our previous observations on the importance of the C-terminal sequence of AI for conversion indicate that the enzymatic binding sites for AI-converting enzyme in vivo and in vitro extend from position 10 to position 8 but not to position 7. D-amino acid substitution at positions 7 and 5 abolishes biologic and immunologic activity without interfering with conversion.
Zero temperature coefficient of frequency in extensional-mode highly doped silicon microresonators (2012)

For the first time we demonstrate the existence of a turnover temperature in extensional-mode silicon microresonators, fabricated on highly n-type doped substrates and aligned to the [100] crystalline orientation. This behavior is commonly observed in quartz resonators and is a key to achieving exceptional temperature stability in oven-controlled crystal oscillators. In order to show the effect of doping concentration and resonator alignment to different crystalline orientations, the thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) platform is utilized. It is shown through both theoretical analysis and finite element simulation that the turnover temperature is a function of doping concentration and orientation. In order to experimentally validate this result, similar resonators are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates and the temperature variation of frequency is measured. The trends are shown to agree with theory. An overall temperature-induced frequency variation of less than 150ppm is measured over the range of -40 to 85°C for a ~25MHz TPoS resonator aligned to the [100] plane; this shows more than 24 fold reduction with respect to the uncompensated conventional silicon resonators reported before. Our work is a significant step toward strengthening silicon's position as an alternative resonator technology in the quartz-dominated stable oscillator market.