gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lectins demarcate the barrel subfield in the somatosensory cortex of the early postnatal mouse (1986)

Plant lectins were used to examine the disposition of glycosylated molecules in vibratome sections through the barrel subfield of mouse somatosensory cortex at selected times during postnatal development. The peroxidase conjugates of peanut agglutinin (PNA, specific for N-acetylgalactosamine), concanavalin A (specific for mannose), and wheat germ agglutinin (specific for N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid) were used to study lectin binding in aldehyde-fixed tissue sections of cortex. Following peroxidase cytochemistry and light microscopy, it was found that all three lectins bound in the region of the barrel subfield as early as postnatal day 3 (day of birth = postnatal day 1). The lectins bound to the prospective sides and/or septae of individual barrels in preference to the prospective hollows. This lectin demarcation of the barrel field occurred prior to the detection of this region with cresyl violet staining and was still demonstrable on postnatal day 6, when the individual barrels became discernible with cresyl violet. This suggests that the lectin binding material is present before the barrel field becomes a fully formed and organized region. A decrease in lectin affinity for binding sites in these tissue sections occurs during postnatal development (Cooper and Steindler: Soc. Neurosci. (Abstr.) 10: 43a, '84) and this study demonstrates that lectins do not delineate the barrel field of more mature animals (2-3 months old), whereas barrels can be detected with cresyl violet at this time. A preliminary electron microscope analysis of the postnatal day 6 somatosensory cortex demonstrates that the lectin PNA binds to elements of the forming neuropil and also to Golgi apparatus intermediate saccules in neuronal cells. The prospective barrel field can be detected with lectins during a critical period in development in which alterations can occur in the barrel field in response to peripheral deprivation (Jeanmonod et al: Neuroscience 6:1503-35, '81) and therefore we suggest that the glycans visualized with lectin-peroxidase conjugates denote possible candidates for molecules involved in shaping barrel structure.
Comparing Measurements of CT Angiography, TEE, and Fluoroscopy of the Left Atrial Appendage for Percutaneous Closure (2016)

All 3 imaging modalities correlated with ACP landing zone and WATCHMAN ostium measurements, with CCTA providing the largest measurements, followed by TEE and fluoroscopy.
Memory network plasticity after temporal lobe resection: a longitudinal functional imaging study (2016)

Anterior temporal lobe resection can control seizures in up to 80% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Memory decrements are the main neurocognitive complication. Preoperative functional reorganization has been described in memory networks, but less is known of postoperative reorganization. We investigated reorganization of memory-encoding networks preoperatively and 3 and 12 months after surgery. We studied 36 patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (19 right) before and 3 and 12 months after anterior temporal lobe resection. Fifteen healthy control subjects were studied at three equivalent time points. All subjects had neuropsychological testing at each of the three time points. A functional magnetic resonance imaging memory-encoding paradigm of words and faces was performed with subsequent out-of-scanner recognition assessments. Changes in activations across the time points in each patient group were compared to changes in the control group in a single flexible factorial analysis. Postoperative change in memory across the time points was correlated with postoperative activations to investigate the efficiency of reorganized networks. Left temporal lobe epilepsy patients showed increased right anterior hippocampal and frontal activation at both 3 and 12 months after surgery relative to preoperatively, for word and face encoding, with a concomitant reduction in left frontal activation 12 months postoperatively. Right anterior hippocampal activation 12 months postoperatively correlated significantly with improved verbal learning in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy from preoperatively to 12 months postoperatively. Preoperatively, there was significant left posterior hippocampal activation that was sustained 3 months postoperatively at word encoding, and increased at face encoding. For both word and face encoding this was significantly reduced from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy showed increased left anterior hippocampal activation on word encoding from 3 to 12 months postoperatively compared to preoperatively. On face encoding, left anterior hippocampal activations were present preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Left anterior hippocampal and orbitofrontal cortex activations correlated with improvements in both design and verbal learning 12 months postoperatively. On face encoding, there were significantly increased left posterior hippocampal activations that reduced significantly from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative changes occur in the memory-encoding network in both left and right temporal lobe epilepsy patients across both verbal and visual domains. Three months after surgery, compensatory posterior hippocampal reorganization that occurs is transient and inefficient. Engagement of the contralateral hippocampus 12 months after surgery represented efficient reorganization in both patient groups, suggesting that the contralateral hippocampus contributes to memory outcome 12 months after surgery.
Single pass eikonal solver in tilted transversely anisotropic media (2022)

We present a numerical scheme to solve the eikonal equation in a Tilted Transversely Isotropic (TTI) medium. The solution to this equation corresponds to the first arrival time of seismic pressure waves in the high frequency asymptotic regime, whose propagation speed is neither isotropic nor elliptic. Instead, the speed profile is characterized by a fourth degree polynomial equation in a rotated frame, defined in terms of the Thomsen or Hooke elasticity coefficients of the geophysical medium. We show that TTI eikonal equations can be expressed as the maximum or minimum of a family of Riemannian eikonal equations, for which efficient discretizations are known. Based on this observation, we propose an original scheme that is causal, thus solvable in a single pass over the domain, and Eulerian, hence also mapping well to massively parallel architectures. Numerical experiments illustrate the method's accuracy, speed and robustness, on both a problem with analytical solution and a realistic synthetic instance, and compare a CPU with a GPU implementation, with the GPU being fifty times faster than the CPU implementation.
A Model for the Electronic Representation of Bank Checks (2006)

The substitution of physical bank check exchange by electronic check image transfer brings agility, security and cost reduction to the clearing system. In this paper, we propose a model for the electronic representation of bank checks based on the mixed raster content (MRC) model for compression of color and gray-scale images. The binary image is sent first and only if necessary the other MRC image planes are sent to reconstruct the color image of the check. Careful subjective evaluation helped us indicate the best binarization technique and studies led us to use JPEG 2000 to compress the MRC image planes. Furthermore, we propose a new watermarking technique to embed a digital signature into the check image for protection.
System R (1976)

System R is a database management system which provides a high level relational data interface. The systems provides a high level of data independence by isolating the end user as much as possible from underlying storage structures. The system permits definition of a variety of relational views on common underlying data. Data control features are provided, including authorization, integrity assertions, triggered transactions, a logging and recovery subsystem, and facilities for maintaining data consistency in a shared-update environment. This paper contains a description of the overall architecture and design of the system. At the present time the system is being implemented and the design evaluated. We emphasize that System R is a vehicle for research in database architecture, and is not planned as a product.
Controlling active cabin suspensions in commercial vehicles (2009)

The field of automotive suspensions is changing. Semi-active and active suspensions are starting to become viable options for vehicle designers. Suspension design for commercial vehicles is especially interesting given its potential. An active cabin suspension for a heavy-duty truck is considered, consisting of four ideal actuators with parallel springs, one acting on each corner of the cabin. The main question is how to control this suspension such that it gives optimal comfort when driving in a straight line, but still follows a specified compensation strategy when cornering, braking or accelerating. The proposed controller uses modal input-output-decoupling. Each of the modes has a separate controller including: a skyhook part for enhanced comfort; and an event part for attitude control. The proposed control strategy is tested in simulation using a validated tractor semi-trailer model with idealized actuators. It is shown that driver comfort can be greatly enhanced, without impairing the attitude behavior of the cabin. Furthermore, in contrast to what is known from quarter car analysis, it is shown that adding passive damping is highly desirable.
Current Perspective on Antithrombin Drugs (2002)

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease, which is involved in blood coagulation and thrombosis, inflammation and wound repair in tissue injury. Its role in the amelioration of inflammatory tissue injury has been investigated. Protease-activated cell surface receptors (PARs) when activated by thrombin result in the production of proinflammatory mediators. In the kidney, these PARs are expressed on the glomerular epithelium and the vascular endothelium. The significant impact of thrombin inhibition on the development of crescentic glomerular nephritis is discussed.
The Role of Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Modern Versus Traditional Chinese Medicine (2019)

The purpose of this review is to elaborate the role of Periplaneta (P.) americana L. in modern and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and compare the use of the species in these two forms of medical treatments. From searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, studies were identified involving TCMs with P. americana, which have a history of use over several thousand years, and demonstrate how extracts from this insect play a role in the treatment of diseases through antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor activity, and enhancement of immune function. Extracts from P. americana have not been fully developed for clinical use because the active components have not been completely purified or their molecular mechanisms thoroughly understood. The development of extraction technology in modern Chinese medicine has revealed that many extracts from P. americana are able to play an important role in the control of diseases such as cancer. Drugs such as 'Kangfuxin Solution' and 'Xinmailong Injection' are now widely used for gastrointestinal ulcers and chronic heart failure, having achieved beneficial curative effects in clinical studies. Based on this, the information from studies of P. americana in TCM and modern medicine should be combined and their respective advantages applied. This review provides an overview of the role of P. americana in modern and TCM and thus contributes to identification of further applications and area requiring drug development.
Self-Assembly of Spherical Colloids into Helical Chains with Well-Controlled Handedness (2003)

Physical constraint and capillary force have been combined to provide a generic approach to assemble achiral building blocks such as monodisperse spherical colloids into helical mesostructures. The key component of this process is an array of V-shaped grooves anisotropically etched in the surface of a Si(100) wafer. The structural arrangement among the spherical colloids is determined by the ratio between the width of the V-grooves and the diameter of the colloids. Double-layered structures with a helical morphology will be formed when this ratio falls between 2.70 and 2.85. The exact handedness of these helical structures could be controlled by varying the relative orientation of capillary force with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spirals. The processing of an achiral material into helical mesostructures having well-controlled handedness should allow us to explore new properties that this material otherwise does not exhibit. The self-assembly process may also provide valuable insights to improve our understanding on the mechanism(s) by which pure enantiomers with a particular sense of rotation evolved in nature.
High incidence of human brucellosis in a rural Pastoralist community in Kenya, 2015 (2021)

We report a high incidence of brucellosis in humans among members of this pastoralist community. Brucellosis was the most common cause of febrile illness in this community.
A new quantitative method for simplifying complex fuzzy cognitive maps (2020)

Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is a qualitative soft computing approach addresses uncertain human perceptions of diverse real-world problems. The map depicts the problem in the form of problem nodes and cause-effect relationships among them. Complex problems often produce complex maps that may be difficult to understand or predict, and therefore, maps need to be simplified. Previous studies used subjectively simplification/condensation processes by grouping similar variables into one variable in a qualitative manner. This paper proposes a quantitative method for simplifying FCM. It uses the spectral clustering quantitative technique to classify/group related variables into new clusters without human intervention. Initially, improvements were added to this clustering technique to properly handle FCM matrix data. Then, the proposed method was examined by an application dataset to validate its appropriateness in FCM simplification. The results showed that the method successfully classified the dataset into meaningful clusters.
Diagnostic Distinction of Malignant Melanoma and Benign Nevi by a Gene Expression Signature and Correlation to Clinical Outcomes (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Histopathologic examination alone can be inadequate for diagnosis of certain melanocytic neoplasms. Recently, a 23-gene expression signature was clinically validated as an ancillary diagnostic test to differentiate benign nevi from melanoma. The current study assessed the performance of this test in an independent cohort of melanocytic lesions against clinically proven outcomes.<b>Methods:</b> Archival tissue from primary cutaneous melanomas and melanocytic nevi was obtained from four independent institutions and tested with the gene signature. Cases were selected according to pre-defined clinical outcome measures. Malignant lesions were defined as stage I-III primary cutaneous melanomas that produced distant metastases (metastatic to sites other than proximal sentinel lymph node(s)) following diagnosis of the primary lesion. Melanomas that were metastatic at the time of diagnosis, all re-excisions, and lesions with <10% tumor volume were excluded. Benign lesions were defined as cutaneous melanocytic lesions with no adverse long-term events reported.<b>Results:</b> Of 239 submitted samples, 182 met inclusion criteria and produced a valid gene expression result. This included 99 primary cutaneous melanomas with proven distant metastases and 83 melanocytic nevi. Median time to melanoma metastasis was 18 months. Median follow-up time for nevi was 74.9 months. The gene expression score differentiated melanoma from nevi with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 96.2%.<b>Conclusions:</b> The results of gene expression testing closely correlate with long-term clinical outcomes of patients with melanocytic neoplasms.<b>Impact:</b> Collectively, this provides strong evidence that the gene signature adds valuable adjunctive information to aid in the accurate diagnosis of melanoma. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 1107-13. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Identification of an endothelial cell binding site on kininogen domain D3 (1995)

High and low molecular mass kininogen, two multidomain plasma proteins, bind to endothelial cells, platelets, and neutrophils in the intravascular compartment. The specific cell attachment site on their common heavy chain is mediated by domain-3, a cystatin-like structure with inhibitory capacity for papain-like proteinases (Jiang, Y., Müller-Esterl, W., and Schmaier, A. H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 3712-3717). In this report, the domain-3 cell binding site is determined by an antibody-directed strategy. The epitope of monoclonal antibody HKH15, which binds to domain-3 and blocks the binding of kininogens to platelets and endothelial cells, was mapped using seven synthetic peptides, which span the entire domain-3 sequence. One peptide, LDC27, specifically bound to HKH15. Fine mapping of the epitope of HKH15 revealed that a minimal 13-residue segment in LDC27, named CNA13, is the antibody binding site. LDC27 and CNA13 inhibited biotinylated high molecular mass kininogen binding to endothelial cells with apparent IC50 values of 60.3 +/- 12 and 113.3 +/- 63.7 microM, respectively. Carboxymethylated papain and affinity-purified anti-LDC27 polyclonal antibodies also inhibited the binding of biotinylated high molecular mass kininogen to endothelial cells with an apparent IC50 of 1.04 microM and 59 nM, respectively. Biotinylated LDC27 itself directly bound to endothelial cells, and domain-3 inhibited biotinylated LDC27 binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50 of 41 nM. Using the crystalline structure of cystatin to computer model domain-3, LDC27 and CNA13 were located in the second hairpin loop of the reactive site of cystatin-like proteins (Bode, W., Engh, R., Musil, D., Thiele, U. Huber, R., Karshikov, A., Brzin, J., Kos, J., and Turk, V. (1988) EMBO J. 7, 2593-2599). These results indicate that the major endothelial cell attachment site on kininogen domain-3 is located on its carboxyl-terminal portion and that it overlaps its cysteine protease inhibitory region.
Spatiotemporal emission dynamics of ridge waveguide laser diodes: picosecond pulsing and switching (1999)

We report on the observation of spatiotemporal dynamics on picosecond time scales for an antireflection-coated ridge waveguide laser diode that is only 5 µm wide. Depending on the applied current, three dynamic regimes can be distinguished, showing the transition from regular to irregular spatiotemporal emission. We discuss the underlying mechanisms and develop a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic behavior. First, for moderate pumping, we find a typical relaxation oscillation behavior of the fundamental lateral mode. Second, at intermediate current levels, we observe lateral high-frequency switching of the output intensity between the left-hand and the right-hand parts of the active region. The switching frequency increases linearly with the excitation current and is of the order of 10 GHz. We give evidence that this switching behavior results from the coexistence and interaction of fundamental and first-order lateral modes that belong to different longitudinal mode families. The observed dependence of the switching frequency on the bias current can be attributed to a change in the width of the emission profile. Third, at high pumping levels, irregular spatiotemporal dynamics with the coexistence of low- and high-frequency spatial switching and temporal pulsations can be found. Finally, the influence of waveguide design and consequences for applications are considered and discussed.
Dissociation of Adult Mouse Liver by Sodium Tetraphenylboron, A Potassium Gomplexing Agent. (1966)

1. Sodium tetraphenylboron (TPB), a specific agent for complexing K+ has been found to dissociate adult mouse liver in vitro into a suspension of single cells. 2. Evidence is presented that this is the result of the removal of K+, which is the major cation involved in aggregation of cells in this tissue. 3. A coordination mechanism for aggregation is proposed in which the negatively charged surfaces in cell-cell aggregates or in cell-matrix-cell aggregates are neutralized by monovalent cations. 4. Two variables of coordination mechanisms, i.e., cation coordinated and the coordination number are used in a model advanced to explain ordered movement and aggregation of cells in tissues.
Neural Abstractive Text Summarization with Sequence-to-Sequence Models (2021)

In the past few years, neural abstractive text summarization with sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models have gained a lot of popularity. Many interesting techniques have been proposed to improve seq2seq models, making them capable of handling different challenges, such as saliency, fluency and human readability, and generate high-quality summaries. Generally speaking, most of these techniques differ in one of these three categories: network structure, parameter inference, and decoding/generation. There are also other concerns, such as efficiency and parallelism for training a model. In this article, we provide a comprehensive literature survey on different seq2seq models for abstractive text summarization from the viewpoint of network structures, training strategies, and summary generation algorithms. Several models were first proposed for language modeling and generation tasks, such as machine translation, and later applied to abstractive text summarization. Hence, we also provide a brief review of these models. As part of this survey, we also develop an open source library, namely, Neural Abstractive Text Summarizer (NATS) toolkit, for the abstractive text summarization. An extensive set of experiments have been conducted on the widely used CNN/Daily Mail dataset to examine the effectiveness of several different neural network components. Finally, we benchmark two models implemented in NATS on the two recently released datasets, namely, Newsroom and Bytecup.
Toward understanding genotype × environment interactions in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalisL.) (2016)

ISHS XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): II International Berry Fruit Symposium: Interactions! Local and Global Berry Research and Innovation Toward understanding genotype Ã environment interactions in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.)