gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction Kinetics of CO2 in Aqueous 1-Amino-2-Propanol, 3-Amino-1-Propanol, and Dimethylmonoethanolamine Solutions in the Temperature Range of 298−313 K Using the Stopped-Flow Technique (2008)

The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (ko) for the reactions between CO2 and 1-amino-2-propanol (1-AP), 3-amino-1-propanol (3-AP), and dimethylmonoethanolamine (DMMEA) have been measured using the stopped-flow technique in aqueous solutions at 298, 303, 308, and 313 K. The alkanolamine concentrations ranged from 25.3 to 82.0 mol·m-3 for 1-AP, 27.0 to 60.7 mol·m-3 for 3-AP, and 304.0 to 984.8 mol·m-3 for DMMEA. The zwitterion mechanism was used to correlate the experimentally obtained rate constants. Both the zwitterion formation step and the proton-removal step played a significant role for 1-AP and 3-AP. The reaction rate of CO2 in the aqueous-3-AP solution was found to be faster than that in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA). The absorption rate of CO2 in the latter was faster than that in aqueous 1-AP solution under the conditions studied. The reaction rate of CO2 in DMMEA was higher than that in methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) but not in diethyl-monoethanolamine (DEMEA). The base catalysis of the CO2 hydration mechanism could explain the reaction between CO2 and DMMEA, a tertiary amine.
Ion Current, Combustion and Emission Characteristics in an Automotive Common Rail Diesel Engine (2012)

Advanced electronically controlled diesel engines require a feedback signal to the ECU to adjust different operating parameters and meet demands for power, better fuel economy and low emissions. Different types of in-cylinder combustion sensors are being considered to produce this signal. This paper presents results of an experimental investigation on the characteristics of the ion current in an automotive diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system. The engine is a 1.9 L, 4-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. Experiments covered different engine loads and injection pressures. The relationships between the ion current, combustion parameters and engine out NO emissions and opacity are presented. The analysis of the experimental data identified possible sources of the ion current produced in diesel engines.
The Human Tap Nuclear RNA Export Factor Contains a Novel Transportin-dependent Nuclear Localization Signal That Lacks Nuclear Export Signal Function (1999)

The human Tap protein mediates the sequence-specific nuclear export of RNAs containing the constitutive transport element and is likely also critical for general mRNA export. Here, we demonstrate that a previously defined arginine-rich nuclear localization signal (NLS) present in Tap acts exclusively via the transportin import factor. Previously, transportin has been shown to mediate the nuclear import of several heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1, by binding to a sequence element termed M9. Although the Tap NLS and the hnRNP A1 M9 element are shown to compete for transportin binding, they show no sequence homology, and the Tap NLS does not conform to the recently defined M9 consensus. The Tap NLS also differs from M9 in that only the latter is able to act as a nuclear export signal. The Tap NLS is therefore the first member of a novel class of transportin-specific NLSs that lack nuclear export signal function.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Mutations Promote Apoptosis but Do Not Alter Chondrocyte Proliferation in Thanatophoric Dysplasia (1998)

Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a lethal skeletal disorder caused by recurrent mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR 3) gene. The mitogenic response of fetal TD I chondrocytes in primary cultures upon stimulation by either FGF 2 or FGF 9 did not significantly differ from controls. Although the levels of FGFR 3 mRNAs in cultured TD chondrocytes were similar to controls, an abundant immunoreactive material was observed at the perinuclear level using an anti-FGFR 3 antibody in TD cells. Transduction signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was assessed by measuring extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity (ERK 1 and ERK 2). Early ERKs activation following FGF 9 supplementation was observed in TD chondrocytes (2 min) as compared with controls (5 min) but no signal was detected in the absence of ligand. By contrast ligand-independent activation of the STAT signaling pathway was demonstrated in cultured TD cells and confirmed by immunodetection of Stat 1 in the nuclei of hypertrophic TD chondrocytes. Moreover, the presence of an increased number of apoptotic chondrocytes in TD fetuses was associated with a higher expression of Bax and the simultaneous decrease of Bcl-2 levels. Taken together, these results indicate that FGFR 3 mutations in TD I fetuses do not hamper chondrocyte proliferation but rather alter their differentiation by triggering premature apoptosis through activation of the STAT signaling pathway.
Molecular Diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and Other Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Human Intestine as Determined by Specific Amplification of 16S Ribosomal DNA (2002)

A Lactobacillus group-specific PCR primer, S-G-Lab-0677-a-A-17, was developed to selectively amplify 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from lactobacilli and related lactic acid bacteria, including members of the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and WEISSELLA: Amplicons generated by PCR from a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) tract samples, including those originating from feces and cecum, resulted predominantly in Lactobacillus-like sequences, of which ca. 28% were most similar to the 16S rDNA of Lactobacillus ruminis. Moreover, four sequences of Leuconostoc species were retrieved that, so far, have only been detected in environments other than the GI tract, such as fermented food products. The validity of the primer was further demonstrated by using Lactobacillus-specific PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the 16S rDNA amplicons of fecal and cecal origin from different age groups. The stability of the GI-tract bacterial community in different age groups over various time periods was studied. The Lactobacillus community in three adults over a 2-year period showed variation in composition and stability depending on the individual, while successional change of the Lactobacillus community was observed during the first 5 months of an infant's life. Furthermore, the specific PCR and DGGE approach was tested to study the retention in fecal samples of a Lactobacillus strain administered during a clinical trial. In conclusion, the combination of specific PCR and DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA amplicons allows the diversity of important groups of bacteria that are present in low numbers in specific ecosystems to be characterized, such as the lactobacilli in the human GI tract.
On the role of scales in contact mechanics and friction between elastomers and randomly rough self-affine surfaces (2015)

The paper is devoted to a qualitative analysis of friction of elastomers from the point of view of scales contributing to the force of friction. We argue that--contrary to widespread opinion--friction between a randomly rough self-affine fractal surface and an elastomer is not a multiscale phenomenon, but is governed mostly by the interplay of only two scales--as a rule the largest and the smallest scales of roughness of the contacting bodies. The hypothesis of two-scale character of elastomer friction is illustrated by computer simulations in the framework of the paradigm of Greenwood, Tabor and Grosch using a simplified one-dimensional model.
Analysis and Design of Reconfigurable Spiral Antenna for RF Interference Mitigation (2013)

Pattern reconfigurable antennas represent an antenna design class that differs from classical fixed-form, fixed-function antennas in that they can reconfigure and adapt their radiation pattern to fit the requirements of a time varying system. The explosion of the variety of satellite applications in the last two decades demands novel, compact antenna designs that allow the capture of ultra-week signals in the presence of RF interference and multipath. Advances in electromagnetic simulation tools and RF/microwave processing technologies have enabled the design of new compact antennas that can be integrated with high quality RF and microwave active and passive components. This dissertation introduces the concept of pattern reconfigurable antenna in a small form factor using novel reactively loaded spiral antennas. The proposed design allows mitigation of reception of intentional or unintentional RF interference sources in the receivers designed for weak (i.e. satellite signal) reception. Two new antennas capable of reconfigurable pattern control are introduced: a dual polarized spiral antenna and x-spiral (cross-spiral) antenna. The novel approach to the creation of sharp nulls in the antenna radiation pattern is presented. The new antenna designs solved various problems associated with classical approach to spiral antenna design and lead to improvements such as lower overall Axial Ratio and higher efficiency/gain at lower end of operating frequency bandwidth. The relevant background work is described and then the design details, computer simulations and measured experimental results are given.
Learning preferences of new users in recommender systems (2008)

Recommender systems are an effective tool to help find items of interest from an overwhelming number of available items. Collaborative Filtering (CF), the best known technology for recommender systems, is based on the idea that a set of like-minded users can help each other find useful information. A new user poses a challenge to CF recommenders, since the system has no knowledge about the preferences of the new user, and therefore cannot provide personalized recommendations. A new user preference elicitation strategy needs to ensure that the user does not a) abandon a lengthy signup process, and b) lose interest in returning to the site due to the low quality of initial recommendations. We extend the work of [23] in this paper by incrementally developing a set of information theoretic strategies for the new user problem. We propose an offline simulation framework, and evaluate the strategies through extensive offline simulations and an online experiment with real users of a live recommender system.
Neue Ergebnisse über freie Kohlenstoff‐Radikale (1957)

Abstract Die Messung der magnetischen Susceptibilität ermöglicht — entgegen amerikanischen Veröffentlichungen — eine ausreichende quantitative Bestimmung von Kohlenstoff‐Radikalen. Die Bedeutung des sterischen Effektes geht aus der fast vollständigen Radikaldissoziation entsprechend o‐substituierter Hexaaryläthane hervor. Auch Tetraaryläthane mit o,o′‐ständigen tert.‐Butyl‐Resten bilden Radikale. Biradikale im Gleichgewicht mit Chinomethan lassen sich beim Tschitschibabinschen Kohlenwasserstoff stoff nicht sicher nachweisen, wohl aber beim 2,2′‐Difluor‐Derivat. 2,5,2′,5′‐Tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bis‐(di‐o‐tolylmethylyl)‐biphenyl liegt als 100 proz. Biradikal vor; dagegen ist das dem Tschitschibabinschen Kohlenwasserstoff analoge farblose Fluoren‐Derivat als polymerisiertes Biradikal aufzufassen.
ARALEN (Chloroquine Phosphate and Hydroxychloroquine) (2017)

This chapter provides the basic characteristics, side effects/toxicity, drug interactions, and dosage information of the ARALEN (Chloroquine Phosphate and Hydroxychloroquine). Aralen forms toxic complexes with heme molecules, depriving the parasite of hemoglobin. Antacids and kaolin can reduce the absorption of chloroquine; separate by 4 hours. Concomitant use of cimetidine should be avoided. An interval of at least two hours between intake of ampicillin and chloroquine should be observed. May increase cyclosporine levels; close monitoring of the serum cyclosporine level is recommended. Chloroquine phosphate is calculated as the base. Each 250 mg tablet of chloroquine phosphate is equivalent to the 150 mg base and each 500 mg tablet of chloroquine phosphate is equivalent to the 300 mg base. The weekly prophylactic dosage is 5 mg calculated as base, per kg of body weight, but should not exceed the adult dose regardless of weight.
Time-to-Contact from Photometric Information (2014)

It is known that time-to-contact toward objects can be estimated just from changes in the object size in camera images, and we do not need any additional information, such as distance toward objects, camera speed and camera parameters. However, the existing methods cannot compute time-to-contact, if there are no geometric features in the images. In this paper, we propose a new method for computing time-to-contact by using photometric information. When a light source moves in the scene, an observed intensity changes according to the motion of the light source. In this paper, we analyze the change in intensity in camera images, and show that the time-to-contact can be estimated just from the change in intensity in images. Our method does not need any additional information, such as radiance of light source, reflectance of object and orientation of object surface. The proposed method can be used in various applications, such as vehicle driver assistance.
Propolin G, a Prenylflavanone, Isolated from Taiwanese Propolis, Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Brain Cancer Cells (2007)

We have previously shown that six propolins, A-F, could be isolated from Taiwanese propolis (TP) and that they exerted a broad spectrum of biological activities. Recently, we isolated a seventh compound, propolin G. Its chemical structure has been identified by NMR and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry spectra and was found to be identical to a known compound, nymphaeol C. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the relative contents of propolins C, D, F, and G in TP collected in various seasons and regions and found them to be relatively higher in TPs collected from May to July than from September to October. In our present study, we were interested in the various biological activities of TP extract as well as in propolin G as a pure compound. We found that propolin G could efficiently induce apoptosis in brain cancer cell lines (glioma and glioblastoma). The apoptosis might have been through a mitochondrial- and caspase-dependent pathway. This result demonstrated that the TP collection season was more an important factor than the geographical region. Propolis has been suggested to possess a potent antioxidant activity. We further evaluated the antioxidant property of propolin G using DPPH (1,2-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl). Our results indicate that propolin G does possess free radical scavenging activity. We also evaluated the neuroprotective action of propolin G, TP, and BP (Brazilian propolis) extracts against oxidative stress in rat primary cortical neurons. Our data demonstrate that propolin G and TP extracts have a marked neuroprotective effect that is greater than BP extract. In conclusion, the isolation and characterization of propolin G from TP have demonstrated for the first time that this compound is a potent inducer of apoptosis in brain cancer cells and that this compound and TP extract exhibit a protective effect against oxidative stress in rat cortical neurons.
Evidence for a Symmetrical Requirement for Rab5-GTP in in Vitro Endosome-Endosome Fusion (1998)

Early endosome fusion, which has been extensively characterized using an in vitro reconstitution assay, is Rab5-dependent. To examine the requirement for Rab5 on both fusion partners, we prepared cytosol and endosomes depleted of Rab5. Unlike control cytosol, Rab5-depleted cytosol was only marginally active in the in vitro endosome fusion. However, fusion could be restored by the addition of wild-type Rab5 or Rab5 D136N, a mutant whose nucleotide specificity favors xanthine over guanine. The addition of Rab5 D136N restored fusion only in the presence of XTP. In the absence of XTP or in the presence of XDP, Rab5 D136N failed to restore fusion. When fusion was carried out with endosomal vesicles depleted of Rab GTPases (by preincubation of vesicles with GDP dissociation inhibitor), together with cytosol immunodepleted of Rab5, fusion was virtually absent. We then used immunodepleted cytosol and GDP dissociation inhibitor-treated vesicles to determine whether Rab5 is required by both fusion partners. Using separate sets of endosomal vesicles, we found that priming both sets of Rab5-depleted vesicles with Rab5 Q79L, a GTPase-defective mutant, substantially stimulated endosome fusion. Priming one set of vesicles with Rab5 Q79L and a second set of vesicles with Rab5 S34N failed to activate fusion. When both sets of Rab5-depleted vesicles were primed with Rab5 D136N supplemented with XTP, endosome fusion was stimulated, similar to that observed with Rab5 Q79L. However, when one set of vesicles was preincubated with Rab5 D136N plus XTP and the second set with Rab5 D136N and XDP, no stimulation of fusion was observed. We conclude that Rab5-GTP is required on both fusion partners for docking and fusion of early endosomes. To confirm the fusion of Rab5-GTP-positive vesicles in vivo, we expressed GFP-Rab5 Q79L in fibroblasts and observed fusion of Rab5-positive vesicles. We failed to record fusion of Rab5-positive vesicles with Rab5-negative vesicles. We conclude that Rab5-GTP is required on both sets of endosomes for fusion in vitro and in living cells.
ネコの細網内皮症における腫瘍細胞の酵素化学的ならびに免疫学的性状(短報)〔英文〕 (1991)

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare cancer accounting for 40% of thyroid cancer-specific deaths. In the last 5 years, improved insights into molecular pathways led the Food and Drug Administration to license BRAF/MEK inhibitors (B/Mi) in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-mutant ATC, and pembrolizumab in solid cancer with high tumour mutational burden (TMB-H) (≥10 mutations/megabase) (mut/Mb). In Europe, clinicians face challenges in prescribing novel treatments, as the European Medical Association (EMA) has not licensed B/Mi nor immunotherapy (IO) for ATC so far. Some patients manage to receive these drugs through alternative ways. We investigated the extent of this phenomenon launching an online survey from March 12th to 19th 2021 open to 239 Institutions in the EORTC Endocrine and Head & Neck Cancer Groups. Questions enquired about the number of ATC patients evaluated/year, feasibility of BRAF assessment, accessibility to B/Mi-IO, availability of clinical trials and interest in new studies. Colleagues from 94 Institutions (20 Countries) joined: 30 centres evaluated ≥5 ATC patients/year, with an overall incidence >200 patients/year. 80.8% tested BRAF status, 43.6% by next-generation sequencing. 62.7% and 70% of responders reported limitations in prescribing B/Mi and IO, respectively: either the impossibility of offering them, or drugs accessibility exclusively under certain conditions (e.g. health insurance, clinical trials, compassionate use, off-label). Only 13.8% had clinical trials ongoing while 91.5% of sites claimed ATC-dedicated trials. Disparities in access to novel treatments are diffuse. Access to cutting-edge therapies is an urgent issue in this setting, and clinical trials seem feasible within an appropriate network.
Silent Myocardial Ischemia (1988)

Silent myocardial ischemia has emerged from a subject of mainly research interest to one with important clinical implications for practicing physicians. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the absence of pain are still not clear, it is apparent that episodes of silent myocardial ischemia are frequent and occur in many patients with coronary artery disease; episodes occur both in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients; episodes are detectable by various noninvasive and invasive techniques; and episodes appear to have important prognostic implications when combined with the extent of anatomic disease and degree of left ventricular dysfunction. It is expected the rapidly accumulating prognostic data, especially in patients after infarctions and patients with unstable angina, will have a profound effect on the way physicians treat their patients with coronary artery disease.
Non‐clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys (2015)

Combination of tumor antigens with immunostimulants is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. We assessed animal model toxicity of AS15 combined with various tumor antigens: WT1 (rabbits), or p501, dHER2 and recPRAME (cynomolgus monkeys), administered in seven or 20 dose regimens versus a saline control. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations, followed by extensive post-mortem pathological examinations, were performed on all animals. Blood hematology and biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Antigen-specific antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional assessments in monkeys included electrocardiography and immunohistochemical evaluations of the p501 expression pattern. Transient increases in body temperature were observed 4 h or 24 h after injections of recPRAME + AS15 and dHER2 + AS15. Edema and erythema were observed up to 1 week after most injections of recPRAME + AS15 and all injections of dHER2 + AS15. No treatment-related effects were observed for electrocardiography parameters. Mean fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to controls, but no differences could be observed at the end of the treatment-free period. Transient but significant differences in biochemistry parameters were observed post-injection: lower albumin/globulin ratios (p501 + AS15), and higher bilirubin, urea and creatinine (dHER2 + AS15). Pathology examinations revealed significant increases in axillary lymph node mean weights (recPRAME + AS15) compared to controls. A 100% seroconversion rate was observed in all treated groups, but not in controls. p501 protein expression was observed in prostates of all monkeys from studies assessing p501 + AS15. These results suggest a favorable safety profile of the AS15-containing candidate vaccines, supporting the use of AS15 for clinical development of potential anticancer vaccines.
XBP-1, a Novel Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax Binding Protein, Activates HTLV-1 Basal and Tax-Activated Transcription (2008)

X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, plays a key role in the cellular unfolded protein response (UPR). There are two XBP-1 isoforms in cells, spliced XBP-1S and unspliced XBP-1U. XBP-1U has been shown to bind to the 21-bp Tax-responsive element of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) in vitro and transactivate HTLV-1 transcription. Here we identify XBP-1S as a transcription activator of HTLV-1. Compared to XBP-1U, XBP-1S demonstrates stronger activating effects on both basal and Tax-activated HTLV-1 transcription in cells. Our results show that both XBP-1S and XBP-1U interact with Tax and bind to the HTLV-1 LTR in vivo. In addition, elevated mRNA levels of the gene for XBP-1 and several UPR genes were detected in the HTLV-1-infected C10/MJ and MT2 T-cell lines, suggesting that HTLV-1 infection may trigger the UPR in host cells. We also identify Tax as a positive regulator of the expression of the gene for XBP-1. Activation of the UPR by tunicamycin showed no effect on the HTLV-1 LTR, suggesting that HTLV-1 transcription is specifically regulated by XBP-1. Collectively, our study demonstrates a novel host-virus interaction between a cellular factor XBP-1 and transcriptional regulation of HTLV-1.