gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic Interindividual Differences in Neurobehavioral Impairment from Sleep Loss: Evidence of Trait-Like Differential Vulnerability (2004)

Neurobehavioral deficits from sleep loss varied significantly among individuals and were stable within individuals. Interindividual differences in neurobehavioral responses to sleep deprivation were not merely a consequence of variations in sleep history. Rather, they involved trait-like differential vulnerability to impairment from sleep loss, for which neurobiologic correlates have yet to be discovered.
Non-interactive and reusable non-malleable commitment schemes (2003)

We consider non-malleable (NM) and universally composable (UC) commitment schemes in the common reference string (CRS) model. We show how to construct non-interactive NM commitments that remain non-malleable even if the adversary has access to an arbitrary number of commitments from honest players - rather than one, as in several previous schemes. We show this is a strictly stronger security notion. Our construction is the first non-interactive scheme achieving this that can be based on the minimal assumption of existence of one-way functions. But it can also be instantiated in a very efficient version based on the strong RSA assumption. For UC commitments, we show that existence of a UC commitment scheme in the CRS model (interactive or not) implies key exchange and - for a uniform reference string - even implies oblivious transfer. This indicates that UC commitment is a strictly stronger primitive than NM. Finally, we show that our strong RSA based construction can be used to improve the most efficient known UC commitment scheme so it can work with a CRS of size independent of the number of players, without loss of efficiency.
A fast and efficient preparative method for separation and purification of main bioactive xanthones from the waste of Garcinia mangostana L. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (2021)

In this work, we present a preparative elution method by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (Prep-HSCCC) for the separation and isolation of the main bioactive xanthones present in the alcoholic extract of Garcinia mangostana L. agro-industrial waste. The method proved to be quite efficient, operating with a two-phase solvent system consisting of Methanol/water/Ethanol/Hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether (6:3:1:6:4v/v), tail-head elution mode, with mobile phase flow of 5 mL/min and rotation speed of 800 rpm. The method demonstrated repeatability (RSD = 3.8–6.5%) and allowed the isolation of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin xanthones, both with purities above 93%, in a single step, performed in a time of 35 min. Isolated substances were identified by HPLC-PDA-MS and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Both xanthones were efficient scavengers of DPPH· and ABTS+ radicals in a concentration-dependent manner with EC50 at 8.43 and 3.31 µg/mL, respectively, for γ-mangostin, and 71.10 and 29.33 µg/mL, respectively, for α-mangostin.
Compensator-Free Mixed-Ripple Adaptive On-Time Controlled Boost Converter (2017)

A mixed-ripple adaptive on-time controlled boost converter is proposed. With the proposed control method, the compensator network is no longer required. Hence, the chip area and cost can be reduced, and a satisfied load regulation still can be achieved. Besides, a novel on-time generator is proposed to fix the switching frequency in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Moreover, a differential difference comparator is proposed to simplify the circuits and further reduce chip area. Furthermore, with the proposed control, the converter is capable of smoothly switching between discontinuous conduction mode and CCM, depending on the loading condition. The proposed boost converter was implemented by using a 0.18-μm 1P6M mixed-signal process, and the chip area is 0.88 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The input voltage may range from 0.8 to 1.4 V, the output voltage is set to 1.8 V, and the measured peak efficiency is 92.4%.
BLADDER VOLUME MEASUREMENT WITH ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS IN SPINAL CORD-INJURED PATIENTS1 (1998)

The purpose of the study contained herein was to determine the usefulness of electrical impedance for measurement of bladder volume in spinal cord-injured patients, with an assessment of the relationship between electrical impedance and bladder volume exclusively. The study was performed during urodynamic studies to match the exact bladder volume. Thirteen patients with complete spinal cord injuries were recruited. We used silver-silver chloride compound electrodes composed of one pair of current and amplitude electrodes to minimize the influence of superficial skin impedance. Each compound electrode was attached on the lower abdomen bilaterally after skin cleansing. Constant current (60 kHz-1.0 mA), converted from 9 V of direct current, was applied, and corresponding electrical impedance (omega) was measured at "pre" (before urodynamic empty bladder), "full" (with a urodynamic filled bladder), and "post" (after urodynamic empty bladder) status. Electrical impedance at the full status was definitely lower than that at the pre and post statuses in all subjects, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0. 001). The correlation between electrical impedance and bladder volume was negative (r = -0.7988), and the fact of how much the variation in electrical impedance could be explained by variation in bladder volume was estimated (r2 = 0.6381). From these findings, we have determined that the electrical impedance analysis technique can be an alternative measure of bladder volume indirectly.
Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance (2006)

Physical training was associated with a near normalization of adiponectin and CRP plasma concentrations in subjects with IGT and T2D. Increased insulin sensitivity after training was most strongly related to changes in adiponectin plasma concentrations, in fasting plasma glucose and percentage body fat, whereas changes in IL-6, IL-10 and CRP plasma concentrations did not significantly contribute to improved insulin sensitivity.
Protein Modification at Tyrosine with Iminoxyl Radicals (2021)

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are a biological mechanism for reversibly controlling protein function. Synthetic protein modifications (SPMs) at specific canonical amino acids can mimic PTMs. However, reversible SPMs at hydrophobic amino acid residues in proteins are especially limited. Here, we report a tyrosine (Tyr)-selective SPM utilizing persistent iminoxyl radicals, which are readily generated from sterically hindered oximes via single-electron oxidation. The reactivity of iminoxyl radicals with Tyr was dependent on the steric and electronic demands of oximes; isopropyl methyl piperidinium oxime <b>1f</b> formed stable adducts, whereas the reaction of <i>tert</i>-butyl methyl piperidinium oxime <b>1o</b> was reversible. The difference in reversibility between <b>1f</b> and <b>1o</b>, differentiated only by one methyl group, is due to the stability of iminoxyl radicals, which is partly dictated by the bond dissociation energy of oxime O-H groups. The Tyr-selective modifications with <b>1f</b> and <b>1o</b> proceeded under physiologically relevant, mild conditions. Specifically, the stable Tyr-modification with <b>1f</b> introduced functional small molecules, including an azobenzene photoswitch, to proteins. Moreover, masking critical Tyr residues by SPM with <b>1o</b>, and subsequent deconjugation triggered by the treatment with a thiol, enabled on-demand control of protein functions. We applied this reversible Tyr modification with <b>1o</b> to alter an enzymatic activity and the binding affinity of a monoclonal antibody with an antigen upon modification/deconjugation. The on-demand ON/OFF switch of protein functions through Tyr-selective and reversible covalent-bond formation will provide unique opportunities in biological research and therapeutics.
Spontaneous Production of a C‐Type RNA Virus in a Cell Line Derived from Rat Glioma (1979)

The spontaneous production of a rat C-type RNA virus (ACV) in a cultured cell line (AC cells) established from a chemically induced rat glioma was studied. The characteristics of ACV were: morphology typical of C-type RNA virus; buoyant density of 1.15 g/ml in a sucrose density gradient; RNA directed DNA polymerase activity; viral core with a density of 1.28 to 1.30 g/ml; 70S RNA with dimer structure; and structural protein composed of mainly four polypeptides. Kinetical analysis of DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that DNA sequences homologous to DNA transcripts of RNA of ACV were present in rat cells. RNA directed DNA polymerase of ACV partially cross-reacted with antiserum to the polymerase of Rauscher murine leukemia virus. These data suggest that ACV is an endogenous C-type RNA virus of rat origin.
Determinants of the Effectiveness of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

GLP-1 lowers blood glucose in fasting type 2 diabetic patients. To clarify the relation of the effect of GLP-1 to obesity, blood glucose, β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity, GLP-1 (1.2 pmol/kg·min) was infused iv for 4–6 h into 50 fasting type 2 diabetic patients with a wide range of age, body mass index, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose. The effectiveness of GLP-1 was evaluated by calculation of a glucose disappearance constant for each individual (Kg, linear slope of log-transformed plasma glucose), and by the lowest stable glucose level (Nadir plasma glucose) obtained during the infusion. Grouped according to fasting plasma glucose (<10, 10–15, >15 mmol/liter), Kg values were 0.45 ± 0.03, 0.38± 0.04, and 0.28 ± 0.04%/min (P = 0.005), and Nadir plasma glucose values were 4.7 ± 0.1 (3.9–5.9), 5.8 ± 0.4 (4.3–8.4), and 8.7 ± 1.4 (6.2–18.7) mmol/liter (P = 0.0003). Nonresponders were not identified. Multiple regression analysis with Kg or Nadir plasma glucose as the dependent parameter and body mass index, age, gender, diabetes duration, and significantly correlated parameters (in multiple regression for Kg: fasting plasma glucose, fasting nonesterified fatty acid, dipeptidyl peptidase activity, peak insulin, and the logarithm of β-cell function; and for Nadir plasma glucose: fasting plasma glucose, fasting nonesterified fatty acid, dipeptidyl peptidase activity, δ glucagon decrement, F-GLP-1 total, logarithm of β-cell function, and Kg) as independent parameters resulted in fasting plasma glucose as the only significant predictor of Kg, and fasting plasma glucose and Kg as predictors of Nadir plasma glucose. Kg and Nadir plasma glucose were neither influenced by treatment nor by neuropathy per se. In conclusion, GLP-1 lowers plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes regardless of severity, but glucose elimination is faster and obtained glycemic level lower in patients with the lower fasting plasma glucose. Not all patients can be expected to reach normoglycemia.
Blue, Green, and Red Light Emission of 1,8-Carbazole-based Conjugated Polymers (2010)

Abstract Blue, green, and red light emitting conjugated copolymers based on the 1,8-linked carbazole unit were synthesized by the Sonogashira polycondensation between the 1,8-diethynylcarbazole derivative and arylene dibromide comonomers. The mixture of three polycarbazoles at a suitable molar ratio provided the white light emission in solutions.
Pattern of gene expression following rat tibial marrow ablation (1993)

Following injury to bone marrow there is a phase of osteogenesis in which bone trabeculae replace the initial blood clot and fill the marrow cavity. The newly formed bone is subsequently fully resorbed by osteoclasts and normal bone marrow is restored. In this study we correlated the morphologic events with the pattern of gene expression that defines this sequence. Following marrow ablation, the trabecular bone volume in the affected section of the marrow cavity increased from control to 27% at day 6, declined to 18% at day 8, and eventually returned to control levels at day 14. Osteoblast number increased up to day 6 and declined substantially by day 8, but the number of osteoclasts peaked between days 8 and 10. Histologic analysis of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity correlated with the observed cellular changes. Northern blot analysis of the levels of AP, osteocalcin (OC), and osteopontin (OP) mRNA shows a specific pattern of regulated gene expression, with AP mRNA maximal at day 6, OC mRNA very low until days 6-8, and OP mRNA expressed at very high levels throughout. In addition, procollagen alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) mRNAs show a regulated pattern of expression, with procollagen alpha 1(I) maximally expressed between days 4 and 10 and procollagen alpha 1(III) expressed at lower levels between days 4 and 6. The mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was found to be highly expressed between days 5 and 12; however, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and TGF-beta 3 mRNA were only weakly expressed between days 4 and 10. These data demonstrate a temporal pattern of gene expression consistent with the observed morphologic profile, identify changes in growth factor mRNA that may be related to this repair process, and suggest that this is a suitable model for studying in vivo a synchronized sequence of bone formation and resorption at a well-defined anatomic site.
P-118 A new pacing lead — Results from the European isoflex S registry (2003)

LV function evaluation was performed during drug loading and weekly thereafter.
Thermal Vacuum Test of Ice as a Phase Change Material Integrated with a Radiator (2010)

Water may be used as radiation shielding for Solar Particle Events (SPE) to protect crewmembers in the Lunar Electric Rover (LER). Because the water is already present for radiation protection, it could also provide a mass efficient solution to the vehicle's thermal control system. This water can be frozen by heat rejection from a radiator and used as a Phase Change Material (PC1V1) for thermal storage. Use of this water as a PCM can eliminate the need for a pumped fluid loop thermal control system as well as reduce the required size of the radiator. This paper describes the testing and analysis performed for the Rover Engineering Development Unit (REDU), a scaled-down version of a water PCM heat sink for the LER. The REDU was tested in a thermal-vacuum chamber at environmental temperatures similar to those of a horizontal radiator panel on the lunar surface. Testing included complete freeze and melt cycles along with scaled transient heat load profiles simulating a 24-hour day for the rover.
Probing the physiological state of phytoplankton at the single-cell level (2000)

Probing the physiological state of phytoplankton at the single-cell level provides valuable insight in ecological studies as well as in environmental monitoring of pollution or UV impacts. This paper reviews the recent progress in assessing the physiological state of phytoplankton with flow cytometry by inherent cell properties such as cell size and chlorophyll autofluorescence, specific fluorescent dyes, and newly developed molecular probes and enzyme substrates. It is reported how nitrogen and iron limitation as well as the effect of copper pollution could be derived from changes in cell inherent properties. Effects of Cu were also recorded by monitoring cell membrane potentials and esterase activity. Photosynthetic capacity of algae was assessed by changes in chlorophyll fluorescence with the electron transport inhibitor DCMU, by a cytometric adaptation of the pump-and-probe approach, and molecular probes for Rubisco. Antibodies were also applied to mark non-terminal stages in the cell DNA replication cycle, to detect non-proliferating cells, to assess DNA damage caused by UV-B radiation and to quantify diatom stickiness. Fluorescein diacetate proved useful to discriminate metabolically active from inactive cells and to reveal strategies of dark survival in algae. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was recorded by a new fluorigenic substrate ELF, and polyclonal antibodies against nitrate reductase (NR) provided measurements of the NR abundance. An outlook will show how recent developments in molecular probes might affect the future analysis of marine ecosystems and their communities.
GPS time transfer (1991)

The authors describe the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) for time coordination. When GPS first became available, it provided a quantum leap in time coordination with little or no effort on the part of the user. However, workers realized that with more sophisticated analysis techniques even greater accuracy could be wrung from GPS. The authors describe the level of time coordination these more sophisticated techniques have affected. The principles of GPS time transfer are described with emphasis on the so-called common view method. The sources of error during GPS time transfer are discussed and the various possibilities of reducing them are investigated. Some possibilities for overcoming SA (selective availability of GPS) are also discussed. GPS is additionally shown to be an outstanding tool for the dissemination of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Meta-Analyses of Externalizing Disorders: Genetics or Prenatal Alcohol Exposure? (2017)

Background
Externalizing disorders are heritable precursors to alcohol dependence, common in children of alcoholics (COA), and in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Pregnancies involving alcohol exposure sufficient to affect the fetus may involve women with genetic risk for alcohol dependence (AD). We hypothesized that known PAE will increase the odds of having an externalizing disorder compared to COA.

Methods
The odds ratios of three externalizing disorders [attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)] were obtained for two domains: (1) PAE and (2) COA, by estimating the logged odds ratios (LOR) for each study. Permutation tests were implemented to compare LORs for PAE vs COA studies within each disorder, including PAE vs an AD mother and PAE vs an AD father.

Results
In PAE studies, the odds of ADHD and CD were elevated. Rates of all three disorders were elevated in COA studies. Permutation tests revealed that the mean LOR for ADHD was significantly higher in PAE studies compared to: COA (p=0.01), AD mother (p<0.05) and AD father (p=0.03). No differences were found for ODD (p=0.09) or CD (p=0.21).

Conclusion
These results provide compelling evidence of an increased risk of ADHD in those with PAE beyond that due to parental alcohol dependence or a genetic liability, consistent with a unique etiology most likely due to direct alcohol exposure during prenatal development.

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2A1-N09 Test model of the small search robot consisting of plural driving wheels connected by flexible shafts(Search and Rescue Robot and Mechatronics(1)) (2012)

A small mobile search robot driven with the pair of flexible shafts has been proposed. It is capable of being effectively utilized for a search inside of rubble to quickly search for victims when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs. Since it does not have to mount any power unit on the body, it is possible to construct the body of relatively light weight. But, it is likely to be unable to move forward when flexible shafts contact with obstacles. In this study, a new small search robot consisting of plural driving wheels connected by flexible shafts is proposed. We consider that the new small search robot can tug flexible shafts easily by connecting plural driving wheels by flexible shafts. To construct the proposed movement mechanism, we have to devise its structure in order to connect plural driving wheels by flexible shafts. In this report, we investigate the roadability and turning performance of the new small search robot.
Increasing influence of ENSO and decreasing influence of AO/NAO in the recent decades over northwest India winter precipitation (2009)

The interannual variability of northwest India winter precipitation (NWIWP) is examined in association with the variability of surface temperature, mean sea level pressure, tropospheric geopotential height, and wind patterns over the globe to study the changes in the large‐scale circulation features associated with NWIWP. The data for the study have been considered from 1950 to 2008 (for a period of 59 years). The analysis is based on correlations and composites performed using India Meteorological Department records based on station data. We find that the interannual variability of NWIWP is influenced by Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. Above‐normal NWIWP is associated with the positive phase of AO/NAO and the warm phase of ENSO, but showing strong secular variations. During the recent decades, the influence of ENSO over NWIWP has increased while the influence of AO/NAO has decreased. This conclusion is supported by a consistency across the different observation data sets employed in the study. A physical mechanism for such effect is proposed, by which western disturbances are intensified over NW India by the intensification of Asian westerly jet stream over Middle East during positive phase of AO/NAO and shift and intensification of Asian jet to the lower latitudes during the warm phase of ENSO.
EXTH-58. EFFECTS OF TORC1/2 INHIBITOR MLN0128 ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH MEK INHIBITION IN BRAF MUTATED GLIOMA MODELS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO (2017)

MLN0128, a second-generation ATP-competitive pan-mTOR kinase inhibitor, acts on both mTORC1 and mTORC2. We investigated the effects of MLN0128 monotherapy and in combination with MEK and BRAFV600E inhibition in models of pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG). We used human glioma cell lines expressing BRAFV600E (AM38), wild-type BRAF (LN229, TN98, SF188) and isogenic systems of KIAA1549:BRAF-expressing NIH3T3 cells. Signaling inhibitors included MLN0128, everolimus, BRAFV600E specific inhibitor PLX4720, and MEK specific inhibitors AZD6244 and GSK1120212. Cell proliferation was determined using an ATP-based assay. Biochemical effects were assessed using western blot analysis. The DBTRG (BRAFV600E) xenograft mouse model was used to assess in vivo efficacy. MLN0128 monotherapy demonstrates more potent anti-proliferative effects compared to everolimus in all tested PLGG lines independent of BRAF status. As expected, treatment with MLN0128 leads to down-regulation of p-AKT, p-S6 and p-4EBP1, whereas treatment with everolimus only reduces expression of p-S6. MEK inhibition with AZD6244 effectively decreases p-ERK expression in all lines; however, the addition of MLN0128 to AZD6244 causes a rebound in p-ERK expression in BRAFWT gliomas but not in gliomas expression BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF alterations. In cells carrying either the BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF alteration, combined treatment with MLN0128 and GSK1120212 or AZD6244 leads to synergistic anti-proliferative effects but such synergy is not evident in BRAFWT gliomas. In vivo studies show superior efficacy of combinations of PLX4720 and MLN0128 compared to monotherapies (p<0.02) or combination of PLX4720 + everolimus (p=0.03). MLN0128 displays synergistic anti-neoplastic effects with MEK inhibition in gliomas bearing BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF. In BRAF wild-type cells, such synergy is not present, potentially due to rebound in p-ERK when MLN0128 is combined with AZD6244. Combination therapy with MLN0128 + PLX4720 prolongs survival in a BRAFV600E mutant glioma model and is superior to monotherapy or everolimus + PLX4720 combination.