gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin Improves Survival After Cardiac Arrest in Hypovolemic Shock (2000)

Survival after hypovolemic shock and cardiac arrest is dismal with current therapies. We evaluated the potential benefits of vasopressin versus large-dose epinephrine in hemorrhagic shock and cardiac arrest on vital organ perfusion, and the likelihood of resuscitation. In 18 pigs, 35% of the estimated blood volume was withdrawn over 15 min and ventricular fibrillation was induced 5 min later. After 4 min of cardiac arrest and 4 min of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a bolus dose of either 200 μg/kg epinephrine (n = 7), 0.8 unit/kg vasopressin (n = 7), or saline placebo (n = 4) was administered in a blinded, randomized manner. Defibrillation was attempted 2.5 min after drug administration, and all animals were subsequently observed for 1 h without further intervention. Spontaneous circulation was restored in 7 of 7 vasopressin animals, in 6 of 7 epinephrine pigs, and in 0 of 4 placebo swine. At 5 and 30 min after return of spontaneous circulation, median (minimum and maximum) renal blood flow after epinephrine was 2 (0–31), and 2 (0–48) mL · 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively; and after vasopressin 96 (12–161), and 44 (16–105) mL · 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively (P < .01 between groups). Epinephrine animals developed a profound metabolic acidosis by 15 min after return of spontaneous circulation (mean arterial pH, 7.11 ± 0.01), and by 60 min all epinephrine-treated animals had died. The vasopressin pigs had (P = 0.015) less acidosis (pH = 7.26±0.04) at corresponding time points, and all survived ≥55 min (P < 0.01). In conclusion, treatment of hypovolemic cardiac arrest with vasopressin, but not with large-dose epinephrine or saline placebo, resulted in sustained vital organ perfusion, less metabolic acidosis, and prolonged survival. Based on these findings, clinical evaluation of vasopressin during hypovolemic cardiac arrest may be warranted. Implications The chances of surviving cardiac arrest in hemorrhagic shock are considered dismal without adequate fluid replacement. However, treatment of hypovolemic cardiac arrest with vasopressin, but not with large-dose epinephrine or saline placebo, resulted in sustained vital organ perfusion and prolonged survival in an animal model of suspended infusion therapy.
[Implantation of the artificial retina]. (1999)

In some degenerative retinal diseases, e.g., retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, the photoreceptors are destroyed to cause serious visual defects. Recent studies on blind human subjects revealed that a large number of ganglion cells remains intact and is capable of transmitting signals to the brain to evoke partial visual perception. This provided hope to compensate for the visual defects with retinal prostheses. The recent progress of microfabrication technique made it possible to implement the Vary Large Scale Integrated circuit, the artificial retina, which emulates a part of retinal function. The idea of implanting the artificial retina to the patients was proposed recently and experiments using animals have been put into practice. This article surveys the front line of the artificial retina implantation.
Robust Identification And Prediction Using Wilcoxon Norm And Particle Swarm Optimization (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
Results of preoperative radiation therapy in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy for local recurrence of the rectal cancer. (1991)

直腸癌局所再発14症例の再手術(術前照射群7例,非照射群7例)を対象に臨床的・病理組織学的に検討した.再手術後の合併症は,照射群で腹膜炎,イレウスなど多くのものが認められたが,手術死亡例はみられなかった.前方切除後再発例の組織学的所見では,照射群で癌胞巣の減少や限局化傾向がみられ,癌浸潤先進部には変性・壊死・崩壊像が認められた.またMiles術後の再発では,照射群で前立腺・精のう周囲の線維組織内に散在するperineural invasionや,リンパ管内の癌胞巣に種々の退行性変化が認められた.予後の比較では,非照射群の局所再々発が3例認められたのに対し,照射群ではみられなかった.3年生存率は照射群68.6%,非照射群42.9%であった.直腸癌局所再発に対する抗癌剤・術前照射併用療法により,局所再々発の減少や生存率の向上が認められたが,合併症を予防するための照射方法や照射線量など改善の必要性が示唆された.
Construction of All Multilayer Monolithic Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Trees on the 3D Hanan Grid for Monolithic 3D IC Routing (2019)

Monolithic three-dimensional~(3D) integration enables stacking multiple ultra-thin silicon tiers in a single package, thereby providing smaller footprint area, shorter wirelength, higher performance, and lower power consumption than conventional planar fabrication technologies. Physical design of monolithic 3D integrated circuits~(ICs) requires several design steps such as 3D placement, 3D clock-tree synthesis, 3D routing, and 3D optimization. Among the steps, 3D routing is very time-consuming due to numerous routing blockages. Thus, 3D routing is typically performed in two sub-steps, monolithic inter-layer via~(MIV) insertion and tier-by-tier routing. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to build a routing topology database that can be used to construct all multilayer monolithic rectilinear Steiner minimum trees on the 3D Hanan grid. The database will help 3D routers reduce the runtime of the MIV insertion step and improve the quality of the 3D routing.
A model study of the greenhouse effects due to increasing atmospheric CH4, N2O, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3 (1985)

Study of the greenhouse effects of increasing atmospheric trace gases has so far relied mainly on the use of one‐dimensional models, especially the radiative‐convective models (cf. World Meteorological Organization, 1982; National Research Council, 1983). Here we use the two‐dimensional (altitude‐latitude) radiative‐dynamical model of Wang et al. (1984) to investigate the effects on vertical and meridional temperatures of increases of atmospheric methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. The model, consisting of a high‐latitude zone and a low‐latitude zone, couples the meridional and vertical temperature structure through energy balance between radiative flux and vertical and meridional heat transports. First, we show that the thermal radiation flux perturbations, i.e., the driving force for the subsequent climate change, caused by increases of these trace gases and carbon dioxide, are different in nature. Next, a comparison of model‐calculated present climate and climate change between the one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional models is performed. The results indicate that the two‐dimensional model simulates much more realistic temperature and humidity distributions. For a doubling of the atmospheric CO 2 concentration of 330 parts per million by volume, the two‐dimensional model computes a global surface warming of 3.7 K with larger high‐latitude amplification, which is in good agreement with results obtained from general circulation models. For the study of the surface warming due to increases of trace gases, it is found that the one‐dimensional model using a 6.5 K km −1 critical lapse rate for convective adjustment appears to calculate a much larger surface warming than the two‐dimensional model. On the other hand, the one‐dimensional model using the moist adiabatic critical lapse rate, although it can not simulate adequately the present tropospheric temperature structure, calculates surface warming effects in close agreement with those of two‐dimensional model results. We have used the two‐dimensional model to estimate on the time scale of decades the potential greenhouse effects due to increases of these gases. Although the calculations depend largely on the adopted scenarios for future increases, the results nevertheless reveal that the trace gases could potentially augment the surface warming due to carbon dioxide increase by more than 60%.
Stable adaptive fuzzy control of nonlinear systems (2005)

The author develops a direct adaptive fuzzy controller which does not require an accurate mathematical model of the system under control, is capable of incorporating fuzzy control rules directly into the controllers, and guarantees the global stability of the resulting closed-loop system in the sense that all signals involved are uniformly bounded. The specific formula of the bounds is provided so that controller designers can determine the bounds based on their requirements. The direct adaptive fuzzy controller is used to regulate an unstable system to the origin. Simulation results show that the direct adaptive fuzzy controller can perform successful control without using any fuzzy control rules. After incorporating some fuzzy control rules into the controllers the adaptation speed became much faster. The author also showed explicitly how the supervisory control forced the state to be within the constraint set and how the adaptive fuzzy controller learned to regain control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synchronization for multiple coupled chaotic systems with unknown parameters (2017)

This paper studies the transmission synchronization (TS) problem among multiple coupled chaotic systems by considering unknown parameters. In the solving process, we firstly select a special integral sliding surfaces, and then we develop an effective controller with the compensation terms to guarantee the asymptotical stability of all TS error systems. Simultaneously, we design the proper adaptive laws to estimate all unknown parameters. Finally, numerical example is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of nitropolycyclic fluoranthenes (1993)

Nitroarenes are ubiquitous environmental pollutants some of which exhibit mutagenic and tumorigenic activities. The first systematic investigation of the nitration reactions of the polycyclic fluoranthenes, a major class of nonalternant polyarenes, is described. The specific hydrocarbons studied were benz[e]acephenanthrylene (1), benz[a]aceanthrylene (2), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (3), indeno[1,2,3-hi]chrysene (4), dibenz[a,e]aceanthrylene (5), dibenz[a,j]aceanthrylene (6), and dibenz[e,k]acephenanthrylene (7). The nitration of all hydrocarbons, except 1, proceeded with remarkable regioselectivity to provide a single mononitro product. In the case of 1, 17% of a second mononitro isomer was isolated. The structures of the resulting mononitrofluoranthenes (8–15) were fully characterized by analysis of their high-resolution COSY, long-range COSY, and NOESY NMR spectra and by comparison with the spectra of the parent hydrocarbons. The observed nitration sites of the polycyclic fluoranthenes were in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions made by the DE WAR-PI method based on the relative energies of the Wheland intermediates for substitutions at various ring positions. The availability of the complete 1H chemical shift assignments of the nitropolycyclic fluoranthenes (8–15), together with those of the parent hydrocarbons (1–7) and their UV-visible spectral data, enabled the molecular conformations of the nitro groups to be probed. © 1993, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Zero-Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Analysis (2012)

We review the optical properties, fabrication, and applications of zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) for single-molecule studies. These simple nano-structures allow individual molecules to be isolated for optical analysis at high concentrations. Fluorescent species are observed in a sufficiently small volume that the average number of fluorescent molecules is less than one, even at concentrations high enough for biochemical reactions to proceed at normal rates. Arrays of such structures can also be engineered into systems for real-time analysis of large numbers of single-molecule reactions or binding events. We also review the integration of ZMWs in different optical configurations and microfluidic systems.
N myristoylation of the spleen necrosis virus matrix protein is required for correct association of the Gag polyprotein with intracellular membranes and for particle formation (1990)

To determine whether myristoylation is required for spleen necrosis virus replication, we constructed a substitution mutation in the gag gene that alters the putative myristate acceptor glycine residue. This single amino acid change was lethal for virus replication, resulted in aberrant proteolytic processing, and interrupted virion assembly and the release of virus from cells. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the amount of Gag polyprotein at the cell periphery and in Golgi-associated vesicles is severely reduced in the myristoylation mutant, indicating that correct intracellular targeting is affected by a lack of myristoylation. Coexpression of wild-type Gag polyprotein did not complement and rescue the replication-defective phenotype of the myristoylation mutant. Thus, it appears that the nonmyristoylated polyproteins are incapable of interacting with their myristoylated counterparts to form biologically active particles.
Sim-to-(Multi)-Real: Transfer of Low-Level Robust Control Policies to Multiple Quadrotors (2019)

Quadrotor stabilizing controllers often require careful, model-specific tuning for safe operation. We use reinforcement learning to train policies in simulation that transfer remarkably well to multiple different physical quadrotors. Our policies are low-level, i.e., we map the rotorcrafts' state directly to the motor outputs. The trained control policies are very robust to external disturbances and can withstand harsh initial conditions such as throws. We show how different training methodologies (change of the cost function, modeling of noise, use of domain randomization) might affect flight performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates that a simple neural network can learn a robust stabilizing low-level quadrotor controller (without the use of a stabilizing PD controller) that is shown to generalize to multiple quadrotors. The video of our experiments can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/sim-to-multi-quad.
Look Closer to Supervise Better: One-Shot Font Generation via Component-Based Discriminator (2022)

Automatic font generation remains a challenging research issue due to the large amounts of characters with complicated structures. Typically, only a few samples can serve as the style/content reference (termed few-shot learning), which further increases the difficulty to preserve local style patterns or detailed glyph structures. We investigate the drawbacks of previous studies and find that a coarsegrained discriminator is insufficient for supervising a font generator. To this end, we propose a novel Component-Aware Module (CAM), which supervises the generator to decouple content and style at a more fine-grained level, i.e., the component level. Different from previous studies struggling to increase the complexity of generators, we aim to perform more effective supervision for a relatively simple generator to achieve its full potential, which is a brand new perspective for font generation. The whole framework achieves remarkable results by coupling component-level supervision with adversarial learning, hence we call it Component-Guided GAN, shortly CG-GAN. Extensive experiments show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art one-shot font generation methods. Furthermore, it can be applied to handwritten word synthesis and scene text image editing, suggesting the generalization of our approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficiency of Proton Transfer Catalysis in Models and Enzymes (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Raman Spectra of the Organic Conductor, (TTM–TTF)I2.47 (1987)

Abstract The Raman spectra of a highly conductive molecular complex of the title were measured. The I3− symmetric stretching band and its well-known overtones were observed, indicating that the formula for this complex should be written as (TTM–TTF)(I3)0.823. A brief discussion is given comparing the spectra of the present complex with those of TMA–I–TCNQ and (BEDT–TTF)2I3 complexes.
Non‐Oxidative Conversion of 1,2‐Dichloroethane in a Non‐Thermal Plasma and Characterisation of the Polymer Formed (2012)

Abstract This paper focuses on the conversion of 1,2‐dichloroethane (EDC) using non‐thermal plasma under reaction conditions that can decompose EDC and yield a value‐added product. A cylindrical double dielectric barrier discharge system has been used to generate non‐thermal plasma and quartz has been used as a dielectric. Our findings show that under non‐oxidative reaction conditions employed in this study, vinyl chloride, a commercially important compound, is the major gas phase product produced. This paper also encompasses a preliminary characterisation of polymer during the reaction. Possible mechanisms for gaseous product formation and polymerisation are presented. magnified image
Identification and characterisation of two high-affinity glucose transporters from the spoilage yeastBrettanomyces bruxellensis (2019)

The yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis (syn. Dekkera bruxellensis) is an emerging and undesirable contaminant in industrial low-sugar ethanol fermentations that employ the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. High-affinity glucose import in B. bruxellensis has been proposed to be the mechanism by which this yeast can outcompete S. cerevisiae. The present study describes the characterization of two B. bruxellensis genes (BHT1 and BHT3) believed to encode putative high-affinity glucose transporters. In vitro-generated transcripts of both genes as well as the S. cerevisiae HXT7 high-affinity glucose transporter were injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes and subsequent glucose uptake rates were assayed using 14C-labelled glucose. At 0.1 mM glucose, Bht1p was shown to transport glucose five times faster than Hxt7p. pH affected the rate of glucose transport by Bht1p and Bht3p, indicating an active glucose transport mechanism that involves proton symport. These results suggest a possible role for BHT1 and BHT3 in the competitive ability of B. bruxellensis.
Psychologism and Behaviorism (1981)

I et psychologism be the doctrine that whether behavior is intelligent behavior depends on the character of the internal information processing that produces it. More specifically, I mean psychologism to involve the doctrine that two systems could have actual and potential behavior typical of familiar intelligent beings, that the two systems could be exactly alike in their actual and potential behavior, and in their behavioral dispositions and capacities and counterfactual behavioral properties (i.e., what behaviors, behavioral dispositions, and behavioral capacities they would have exhibited had their stimuli differed)-the two systems could be alike in all these ways, yet there could be a difference in the information processing that mediates their stimuli and responses that determines that one is not at all intelligent while the other is fully intelligent. This paper makes two claims: first, psychologism is true, and thus a natural behaviorist analysis of intelligence that is incompatible with psychologism is false. Second, the standard arguments against behaviorism are inadequate to defeat this natural behaviorist analysis of intelligence or to establish psychologism. While psychologism is of course anathema to behaviorists,1 it also seems wrong-headed to many philosophers who would not classify themselves as behaviorists. For example, Michael Dummett says:
Power Balance Performance on the National Ignition Facility (2009)

Recent experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have demonstrated the facility's power balance capability. Power balance is a measure of the temporal uniformity among multiple beams or beam groups in a multi-beamline laser. Users of the NIF facility will need precise control of the laser for a wide range of experiments. For example, in indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments, the NIF laser beams will be delivered onto the interior surface of a hohlraum, generating x-rays. In order for the x-rays emitted to be sufficiently uniform to symmetrically compress the spherical ignition capsule at the center of the hohlraum, each beamline needs to precisely deliver the requested temporal power profile to its intended target. The achieved power balance precision is determined by both the accuracy of the pulse shaping hardware and the repeatability of the energetics of the laser. The precision that is required for ICF targets is a function of time and power level during the pulse. We have developed a model that predicts the time-dependent power balance performance of an arbitrary pulse shape. In this model, performance is determined by a handful of dominant terms, whose magnitude we have characterized. The model and the power balancemore » requirements for the current National Ignition Campaign (NIC) as well as the most recent demonstrated performance on 96-beam and full 192-beam NIF shots will be discussed.« less
Bacterial chitinase with phytopathogen control capacity from suppressive soil revealed by functional metagenomics (2013)

Plant disease caused by fungal pathogens results in vast crop damage globally. Microbial communities of soil that is suppressive to fungal crop disease provide a source for the identification of novel enzymes functioning as bioshields against plant pathogens. In this study, we targeted chitin-degrading enzymes of the uncultured bacterial community through a functional metagenomics approach, using a fosmid library of a suppressive soil metagenome. We identified a novel bacterial chitinase, Chi18H8, with antifungal activity against several important crop pathogens. Sequence analyses show that the chi18H8 gene encodes a 425-amino acid protein of 46 kDa with an N-terminal signal peptide, a catalytic domain with the conserved active site F175DGIDIDWE183, and a chitinase insertion domain. Chi18H8 was expressed (pGEX-6P-3 vector) in Escherichia coli and purified. Enzyme characterization shows that Chi18H8 has a prevalent chitobiosidase activity with a maximum activity at 35 °C at pH lower than 6, suggesting a role as exochitinase on native chitin. To our knowledge, Chi18H8 is the first chitinase isolated from a metagenome library obtained in pure form and which has the potential to be used as a candidate agent for controlling fungal crop diseases. Furthermore, Chi18H8 may also answer to the demand for novel chitin-degrading enzymes for a broad range of other industrial processes and medical purposes.
Friedrich Georg Josef Meggendorfer (07.06.1880–12.02.1953) (2015)

The DGPPN, as a German psychiatric professional society, demands a new, systematic viewing of the biographies, motivations, participations and defense patterns of important representatives of the discipline during the National Socialistic period. A current evaluation of previously untapped sources makes it possible to assign an appropriate critical-historical position to Friedrich Meggendorfer’s role as NS-academic psychiatrist. Relevant archive materials as well as primary and secondary literature have been reviewed. Clinically and scientifically, Friedrich Meggendorfer worked under Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), Max Nonne (1861-1959) and Ernst Rüdin (1874-1952). Meggendorfer earned a good reputation in genetic research during his activity as psychiatrist in Hamburg under Wilhelm Weygandt (1870-1939). This was the decisive reason why he was called to the Chair in Psychiatry in Erlangen in 1934. At the same time, Meggendorfer was appointed Director of the Erlangen Psychiatric and Neurological Hospital as an adnexe to the Erlangen asylum for the mentally ill. Because he had joined the NSDAP on 01.05.1933, he was suspended from office on 19.11.1945 by the military government. Meggendorfer was rated as a 'hanger-on' by the denazification court on 20.09.1946. In the post-war period, Friedrich Meggendorfer was confronted with comparatively strict restrictions. His removal from the faculty of the Friedrich-Alexander University can primarily be considered due to the post-war Director of the Erlangen asylum, Werner Leibbrand (1896-1974) and his reorganization of the psychiatric clinics. Meggendorfer‘s role as an NS-academic psychiatrist is most likely trapped in the professional understanding of his time.