gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Particle analysis for the evaluation of masticatory efficiency (2014)

咀嚼に関する研究の中心となってきた歯科医学に多くの知識が存在するにもかかわらず，現在の高齢者の食に関する決定に対する歯科医師の関与はわずか3.1%にすぎず非常に少ないことが報告されている．摂食には多くの要因が関与するため例えば義歯装着等によって食形態を変更できるかどうかの総合的かつ客観的判断も現時点では困難とされており歯学領域でこれまで蓄積されてきた知識は活用されているとは言い難い．この観点から考えると，日常的に摂取している自然食品の咀嚼評価を，食レベル決定のための臨床判断基準として用いることには重要なニーズがあると考えられる．多種多様な日常食品を咀嚼・嚥下する実際の高齢者の食生活を考慮すれば，咀嚼能率の評価は単純化・普遍化から離れて，個々の患者の嗜好なども含めたオーダーメイド化された評価を目指すことが望まれる．本稿ではこれまでに報告された種々の食品の粒度解析関連の研究を紹介するとともに食レベル決定への関与の可能性という観点からまとめたものである．
Human muscle glycogen synthase cDNA sequence: a negatively charged protein with an asymmetric charge distribution. (1989)

The cDNA for human muscle glycogen synthase encodes a protein of 737 amino acids. The primary structure of glycogen synthase is not related either to bacterial glycogen synthase or to any glycogen phosphorylase. All nine of the serines that are phosphorylated in the rabbit muscle enzyme in vivo are conserved in the human muscle sequence. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments, which contain all the phosphorylation sites, are very negatively charged. Overall the unphosphorylated protein has a charge of -13, while the fully phosphorylated inactive protein has a net charge of -31. The importance of the asymmetrical charge distribution is discussed.
Magnetization reversal in sputtered Co-Cr films (1982)

The magnetic characteristics of a set of r.f. sputtered Co-Cr films of various composition and thickness are examined in order to evaluate their performance for perpendicular recording. The mechanism of the magnetization reversal is discussed on the bases of: i) the shape of the rotational hysteresis loss as a function of the internal rotating field, ii) the value of the rotational hysteresis integral, iii) the dependence of the coercivity H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , and the remanence coercivity H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> , on the angle between the easy direction and the field direction. In particular the measurements of rotational hysteresis were performed by monitoring the rate of change of the angular velocity of a top containing the specimen spinning in a magnetic field perpendicular to its axis. The deviation of the experimental behaviour from the ideal models are related to the amount of anomalies in the columnar structure of the film.
PI3KC2α-dependent and VPS34-independent generation of PI3P controls primary cilium-mediated autophagy in response to shear stress (2020)

Cells subjected to stress situations mobilize specific membranes and proteins to initiate autophagy. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a crucial lipid in membrane dynamics, is known to be essential in this context. In addition to nutriments deprivation, autophagy is also triggered by fluid-flow induced shear stress in epithelial cells, and this specific autophagic response depends on primary cilium (PC) signaling and leads to cell size regulation. Here we report that PI3KC2α, required for ciliogenesis and PC functions, promotes the synthesis of a local pool of PI3P upon shear stress. We show that PI3KC2α depletion in cells subjected to shear stress abolishes ciliogenesis as well as the autophagy and related cell size regulation. We finally show that PI3KC2α and VPS34, the two main enzymes responsible for PI3P synthesis, have different roles during autophagy, depending on the type of cellular stress: while VPS34 is clearly required for starvation-induced autophagy, PI3KC2α participates only in shear stress-dependent autophagy.
Embodied Conversational Agents (2000)

This book describes research in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of embodied conversational agents as well as details of specific working systems. Embodied conversational agents are computer-generated cartoonlike characters that demonstrate many of the same properties as humans in face-to-face conversation, including the ability to produce and respond to verbal and nonverbal communication. They constitute a type of (a) multimodal interface where the modalities are those natural to human conversation: speech, facial displays, hand gestures, and body stance; (b) software agent, insofar as they represent the computer in an interaction with a human or represent their human users in a computational environment (as avatars, for example); and (c) dialogue system where both verbal and nonverbal devices advance and regulate the dialogue between the user and the computer. With an embodied conversational agent, the visual dimension of interacting with an animated character on a screen plays an intrinsic role. Not just pretty pictures, the graphics display visual features of conversation in the same way that the face and hands do in face-to-face conversation among humans. This book describes research in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of embodied conversational agents as well as details of specific working systems. Many of the chapters are written by multidisciplinary teams of psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, artists, and researchers in interface design. The authors include Elisabeth Andre, Norm Badler, Gene Ball, Justine Cassell, Elizabeth Churchill, James Lester, Dominic Massaro, Cliff Nass, Sharon Oviatt, Isabella Poggi, Jeff Rickel, and Greg Sanders.
Irreversible fatal contrast-induced encephalopathy: a case report (2019)

Abstract Background: Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a well known complication of iodinated contrast agents during angiography and vascular interventions. It can be manifested as hemiparesis, cortical blindness, speech changes, parkinsonism, confusion, seizure, and coma etc. Most of the reported CIE cases were transient and reversible. Irreversible fatal CIE cases were rarely reported. All the fatal CIE cases reported before used the ionic high osmolar contrast agents. Here we document a heretofore unreported fatal CIE after digital subtraction angiography（DSA）using iopamidol, which is a type of non-ionic monomer low osmolar contrast agent. Case presentation : A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our neurology department for paroxysmal buzzing of the brain. The cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) indicated arteriosclerosis of cerebral arteries and stenosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries. Then she took DSA for further diagnosis. Total amount of iopamidol used during the procedure was 110 ml. The patient manifested headache during the procedure, and then had dizziness with nausea and vomiting. Although the patient was treated with anti-edema drugs, the deterioration was continuous, she gradually became coma state, and suffered irreversible fatal cerebral edema, which had been confirmed by cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans. At last, the patient died 56 days after the procedure due to irreversible fatal cerebral edema. Conclusions: This report indicates that iopamidol induced encephalopathy may not always have a benign outcome and can cause irreversible fatal cerebral edema. Keywords: Digital subtraction angiography; iodinated contrast agents; complications; contrast-induced encephalopathy
Electrodeposition of Platinum from Chloroplatinic Acid (1959)

SYNOPSISThe electrodeposition of platinum from aqueous solutions containing chloroplatinic acid (15 to 25 g/l) and hydrochloric acid (10–390 g/l HCl) has been investigated at rates of deposition from about 0·1 to 1·1 × 10−3 in./hr and at temperatures from 45° to 75°C in a successful attempt to define the conditions for the production of ductile plates. The quality of the plates was assessed by microexamination, by their hardness and by a simple rolling test. The process was operated with platinum anodes, which behaved as soluble anodes in all electrolytes which were acid enough to yield ductile deposits. The plating cell was operated both with and without a diaphragm; the non-diaphragm cell was preferred because it was simpler to operate. The amount of stirring was critical; best results were obtained without any stirring except that provided by the thermal convection currents when the bath was at 60–70°C. Plating conditions could not be defined in terms of current density because the plating rate was aff...
Deposition in supercritical fluids: from silver to semiconductors (2009)

There is great interest in developing new routes to novel functional materials, particularly for heterogeneous nanocomposites of metals or semiconductors with polymeric hosts. Supercritical fluids have become important media for the synthesis of such nanocomposites largely because of their unique properties, but also through their perceived environmental benefits over conventional routes. In this feature article, we focus on the deposition of silver and semiconductor nanoparticles into polymer substrates by use of supercritical fluids. These processes develop nanocomposites with distinct characteristics for optical and biomedical applications. The preparation and characterisation of silver and semiconductor nanoparticles is described and a brief discussion is also extended to some other novel deposition systems in supercritical fluids.
Is There a Role for Corneal Refractive Therapy (2004)

O.A.M., Ph.D., D.Sc.Myopia is the leading cause of vision loss worldwide, effecting atleast 1.6 million people—and these numbers will continue to grow.It is estimated that by 2020, myopia will effect 2.5 billion people,making the global impact of visual impairment enormous. Morethan half of ethnic Chinese children 11–12 years old in Singapore,Hong Kong, and Taiwan are myopic, and by the time thesechildren reach 17 to 18 years of age, the rate of myopia will beclose to 90% (Fig. 1).Myopia is a serious health problem because it is irreversible,often bilateral, and affects individuals in their most productiveyears. High myopia ( 6.00 D) can lead to a decrease in quality oflife and an increased risk of complications, including cataract,glaucoma, and retinal detachment. In addition, the duration ofblindness caused by complications associated with myopia can lastfor many years, with blindness caused by myopic retinopathylasting for up to 17 years, diabetes and age-related maculopathylasting up to 5 years, and glaucoma lasting 10 years.In children, the statistics are particularly worrying. Not only isthere a high percentage of blindness caused by refractive error, butdata from the Refractive Error Studies in Children show that thereis a very high degree of uncorrected refractive error in childrenfrom Chile, Nepal, India, and China (Table 1). The burden ofuncorrected refractive error is also high in adults from developedcountries, with uncorrected refractive error being responsible for25% of functional blindness ( 6/60) and 56% of visual impair-ment in a population of Australian adults.
Lesser-Known Plants of Potential Use in Agriculture and Forestry (1986)

To help feed, clothe, and house an increasing population, to make marginal lands more productive, to meet challenging resource needs, and to reforest the devastated tropics, we need a revitalized worldwide investigation of little-known plant species. Such an effort would expand our agricultural resource base and ease our dangerous dependence on a relative handful of crops. It would build a more stable food supply for drought-stricken Africa and other parts of the Third World, and it would reclothe many of the barren lands where erosion now threatens disaster. Some plants that are now virtually unknown are likely to become mainstays of international agriculture and industry.
Synthesis of Compounds Related to Thymine. I. 5-Mercaptouracil and Some S-Substituted Derivatives (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Compounds Related to Thymine. I. 5-Mercaptouracil and Some S-Substituted DerivativesThomas J. Bardos, Ross R. Herr, and Takashi EnkojiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 4, 960–963Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01609a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01609a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Api88 Is a Novel Antibacterial Designer Peptide To Treat Systemic Infections with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens (2012)

The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens in hospitals (nosocomial infections) presents a global threat of growing importance, especially for Gram-negative bacteria with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or the novel New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) resistance. Starting from the antibacterial peptide apidaecin 1b, we have optimized the sequence to treat systemic infections with the most threatening human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The lead compound Api88 enters bacteria without lytic effects at the membrane and inhibits chaperone DnaK at the substrate binding domain with a K(D) of 5 μmol/L. The Api88-DnaK crystal structure revealed that Api88 binds with a seven residue long sequence (PVYIPRP), in two different modes. Mice did not show any sign of toxicity when Api88 was injected four times intraperitoneally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) within 24 h, whereas three injections of 1.25 mg/kg BW and 5 mg/kg BW were sufficient to rescue all animals in lethal sepsis models using pathogenic E. coli strains ATCC 25922 and Neumann, respectively. Radioactive labeling showed that Api88 enters all organs investigated including the brain and is cleared through both the liver and kidneys at similar rates. In conclusion, Api88 is a novel, highly promising, 18-residue peptide lead compound with favorable in vitro and in vivo properties including a promising safety margin.
Preservation of Endothelial Function by Ramipril in Rabbits on a Long-Term Atherogenic Diet (1991)

Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia predispose to atherosclerosis. Ramipril, known to lower blood pressure, was used to study the effect of converting-enzyme inhibition on impairment of endothelium-derived relaxation and changes in basal cGMP content in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet (0.25% cholesterol). The generation of cGMP in the presence of bradykinin and ramiprilat was studied in vitro in aortic segments from normal untreated rabbits as well as in bovine endothelial cells. The ability to relax in response to acetylcholine was almost abolished in aortic segments from the vehicle-treated rabbits fed the atherogenic diet for 4 months. The basal cGMP content was substantially reduced. Aortic segments from rabbits concomitantly treated with ramipril (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg/day) for 3 months showed well-preserved relaxation and matching basal cGMP content compared to normal controls. The relaxation was not significantly greater in aortic segments from ramipril-treated rabbits fed the standard diet, but the cGMP content was more than doubled. In vitro studies in aortic segments and in endothelial cells showed that both the ramiprilat and bradykinin concentrations dependently stimulated cGMP formation, which serves as a biochemical marker of nitric oxide or EDRF release. Thus, the observed endothelial protection against hypercholesterolemia by ramipril may be the result of continuously increased cGMP formation due to preserved EDRF release. This is presumably produced by enhanced bradykinin activity through inhibition of degradation by converting-enzyme inhibition with ramipril.
Addenda to processes defined on a finite Markov chain (1967)

Introduction . Two previous papers (1,2) have dealt with additive processes defined on finite Markov chains. Such a process in discrete time may be treated as a bivariate Markov process { R ( k ), X ( k )}. The process R ( k ) is an irreducible Markov chain on states r = 1, 2, …, R governed by a stochastic transition matrix B 0 with components b rs . The marginal process X( k ) ‘defined’ on the chain R ( k ) is a sum of random increments ξ( i ) dependent on the chain, i.e. if the i th transition takes the chain from state r to state s , ξ,( i ) is chosen from a distribution function D rs ( x ) indexed by r and s . The distribution of the bivariate process may be represented by a vector F ( x, k ) with components These are generated recursively by the relation where the increment matrix distribution B ( x ) has components b rs D rs ( x ). We denote the nth moment of B ( x ) by B n = ∫ x n d B ( x ), so that B 0 = B (∞).
Electronic textiles: a platform for pervasive computing (2003)

The invention of the Jacquard weaving machine led to the concept of a stored "program" and "mechanized" binary information processing. This development served as the inspiration for C. Babbage's analytical engine-the precursor to the modern-day computer. Today, more than 200 years later, the link between textiles and computing is more realistic than ever. In this paper, we look at the synergistic relationship between textiles and computing and identify the need for their "integration" using tools provided by an emerging new field of research that combines the strengths and capabilities of electronics and textiles into one: electronic textiles, or e-textiles. E-textiles, also called smart fabrics, have not only "wearable" capabilities like any other garment, but also have local monitoring and computation, as well as wireless communication capabilities. Sensors and simple computational elements are embedded in e-textiles, as well as built into yarns, with the goal of gathering sensitive information, monitoring vital statistics, and sending them remotely (possibly over a wireless channel) for further processing. The paper provides an overview of existing efforts and associated challenges in this area, while describing possible venues and opportunities for future research.
Postnatal development of hippocampal CA2 structure and function during the emergence of social recognition of peers (2022)

It is now well-established that the hippocampal CA2 region plays an important role in social recognition memory in adult mice. The CA2 is also important for the earliest social memories, including those that mice have for their mothers and littermates, which manifest themselves as a social preference for familiarity over novelty. The role of the CA2 in the development of social memory for recently encountered same-age conspecifics, that is, peers, has not been previously reported. Here, we used a direct social interaction test to characterize the emergence of novelty preference for peers during development and found that at the end of the second postnatal week, pups begin to significantly prefer novel over familiar peers. Using chemogenetic inhibition at this time, we showed that CA2 activity is necessary for the emergence of novelty preference and for the ability to distinguish never encountered from recently encountered peers. In adulthood, the CA2 region is known to integrate a large number of inputs from various sources, many of which participate in social recognition memory, but previous studies have not determined whether these afferents are present at adult levels by the end of the second postnatal week. To explore the development of CA2 inputs, we used immunolabeling and retrograde adenovirus circuit tracing and found that, by the end of the second postnatal week, the CA2 is innervated by many regions, including the dentate gyrus, supramammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, the lateral entorhinal cortex, and the median raphe nucleus. Using retroviral labeling of postnatally generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus, we found that mossy fiber projections to the CA2 mature faster during development than those generated in adulthood. Together, our findings indicate that the CA2 is partially mature in afferent connectivity by the end of the second postnatal week, connections that likely facilitate the emergence of social recognition memory and preference for novel peers.
Phototactic Movement of Battery-Powered and Self-Charging Robot Swarms (2020)

In biology, phototaxing is one of the many forms of directed motions that organisms can exhibit. If stimulated by light, these organisms can move towards or away from the source. In this paper we present an algorithm that is reliably capable of moving a swarm of virtual robots away from a light source, all while the individual virtual robots are incapable of determining the direction and origin of the light source. The individual agents cannot generate phototactic behavior by themselves, instead this is realized through the overall, emergent behavior of the swarm. This paper explores an algorithm to produce phototactic movement in swarms of virtual robots. The algorithm is developed so that robots in a swarm of any size can execute it in a decentralized fashion, without the need for any globalized control or communication between them. We explore two different sets of virtual robots, one with self-charging and one with battery-powered characteristics. In a rigorous testing and evaluation we find that the swarms behavior and performance with regards to moving away from a light source varies strongly.
Lateralization of low-frequency tones and narrow bands of noise (1985)

It is well known and universally accepted that people's ability to use ongoing interaural temporal disparities conveyed via pure tones is limited to frequencies below 1600 Hz. We wished to determine if this limitation is the result of the constant amplitude and periodic axis crossings which characterize pure tones. To this end, we employed an acoustic pointing task in which listeners varied the interaural intensitive difference of a 500-Hz narrow-band noise (the pointer) so that it matched the intracranial position of a second, experimenter-controlled, stimulus (the target). Targets were either pure tones or narrow bands of noise (50 or 100 Hz wide). The narrow bands of noise were delayed interaurally in two distinct manners. We delayed either the entire waveform or only the carrier. In the latter case, the envelopes and phase functions were identical. This resulted in a noise which resembles the pure tone case in that the interaural delay is manifested as a constant phase shift and resembles the ordinary noise in that the envelope and phase are random functions of time. Surprisingly, it appears that all three targets were lateralized virtually identically regardless of frequency or bandwidth. Apparently, the dynamically changing envelopes and phases did not effect the listeners' use of interaural temporal disparities in any discernable fashion.