gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast heating of fuel assembled in a spherical deuterated polystyrene shell target by counter-irradiating tailored laser pulses delivered by a HAMA 1 Hz ICF driver (2017)

Fast heating is a method of heating an assembled high-density plasma into a hot state by irradiating it with short-duration (sub-picosecond), high-intensity ($>$ $10^{18}$ W ${\rm cm}^{-2}$ ) laser pulses before the plasma expands and dissolves hydrodynamically. In this paper, we present detailed experimental results of fast heating fuel assembled in a spherical deuterated polystyrene shell target of 500 ${\mu}$ m diameter and 7 μm thickness with counterbeam illumination by using a HAMA 1 Hz, 5.9 J inertial confinement fusion laser driver with pulse tailoring. These tailored pulses contain three pulses in sequence: a 'foot' pulse of 2.4 J/25 ns, a 'spike' pulse of 0.5 J/300 ps and a 'heater' pulse of 0.4 J/110 fs; these pulses are designed to assemble the fuel and heat it. By varying the energy of the foot pulse, we find that fast heating the fuel is achieved only if the fuel is weakly ablated by the foot pulse and then shock-assembled by the spike pulse into the target centre so that the heater pulse can access the fuel with a focal intensity greater than $10^{18}$ W ${\rm cm}^{-2}$ . Without a foot pulse, the heater pulse contributes to assembling the fuel. For higher foot-pulse energies, the heater pulse drives a hydrodynamic motion with speeds of the order 107 cm ${\rm s}^{-1}$ with intensities of the order $10^{17}$ W ${\rm cm}^{-2}$ , resulting in re-assembling and additional heating of the pre-assembled fuel. Once a shock-assembled core is achieved at the target centre, we succeed qualitatively in fast heating the core for shots in sequence with variations of laser energy within 18%. The coupling efficiency from the heating laser to the core is inferred to be $(10 \pm 2)$ % in total: $(8 \pm 1.6)$ % for the ionized bulk electrons and $(2 \pm 0.4)$ % for the bulk ions. The fusion neutron spectrum detected on the laser axis exhibits peaks at 1.0 MeV, 1.7 MeV and 3.8 MeV. These peaks are attributed to the $C(d, n){\hspace{0pt}}^{13}$ N and $d(d, n){\hspace{0pt}}^3$ He reactions induced by counterpropagating fast deuterons accelerated by the photon pressure of the heating pulses.
Gene profiling of liver diseases. (2007)

Background: Little is known at the molecular level concerning the differences and/or similarities between alcohol and hepatitis C virus induced liver disease. Global transcriptional profiling using oligonucleotide microarrays was therefore performed on liver biopsies from patients with cirrhosis caused by either chronic alcohol consumption or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Results: Global gene expression patterns varied significantly depending upon etiology of liver disease, with a greater number of differentially regulated genes seen in HCV-infected patients. Many of the gene expression changes specifically observed in HCV-infected cirrhotic livers were expectedly associated with activation of the innate antiviral immune response. We also compared severity (CTP class) of cirrhosis for each etiology and identified gene expression patterns that differentiated ethanol-induced cirrhosis by class. CTP class A ethanol-cirrhotic livers showed unique expression patterns for genes implicated in the inflammatory response, including those related to macrophage activation and migration, as well as lipid metabolism and oxidative stress genes. Conclusion: Stages of liver cirrhosis could be differentiated based on gene expression patterns in ethanol-induced, but not HCV-induced, disease. In addition to genes specifically regulating the innate antiviral immune response, mechanisms responsible for differentiating chronic liver damage due to HCV or ethanol may be closely related to regulation of lipid metabolism and to effects of macrophage activation on deposition of extracellular matrix components.
Novel Roles of cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP) in Regulation of Transport and Metabolism of Carbon Sources (2011)

CRP (cAMP receptor protein), the global regulator of genes for carbon source utilization in the absence of glucose, is the best-studied prokaryotic transcription factor. A total of 195 target promoters on the Escherichia coli genome have been proposed to be under the control of cAMP-bound CRP. Using the newly developed Genomic SELEX screening system of transcription factor-binding sequences, however, we have identified a total of at least 254 CRP-binding sites. Based on their location on the E. coli genome, we predict a total of at least 183 novel regulation target operons, altogether with the 195 hitherto known targets, reaching to the minimum of 378 promoters as the regulation targets of cAMP-CRP. All the promoters selected from the newly identified targets and examined by using the lacZ reporter assay were found to be under the control of CRP, indicating that the Genomic SELEX screening allowed to identify the CRP targets with high accuracy. Based on the functions of novel target genes, we conclude that CRP plays a key regulatory role in the whole processes from the selective transport of carbon sources, the glycolysis-gluconeogenesis switching to the metabolisms downstream of glycolysis, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) pathway and aerobic respiration. One unique regulation mode is that a single and the same CRP molecule bound within intergenic regions often regulates both of divergently transcribed operons.
4-(4-Biphenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine, a new material for application in light-emitting diodes (1999)

Thin films of the title compound, C&lt;sub&gt;I7&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;N, are used as electron-transport layers in organic light-emitting diodes. The molecules crystallize in a layered structure, with the aromatic planes of neighbouring molecules approximately parallel to each other. The conformation of the molecule is expressed by tilting of the pyridyl and phenyl planes by 46.8(1) and 40.3(1) °, respectively, relative to the central benzene ring.
POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY AND REGIONAL BRAIN VOLUMES: THE WHIMS-MRI STUDY (2009)

We read the article by Resnick et al.1 regarding findings from the Women's Health Initiative Memory (WHIMS)–MRI Study on hormone therapy (HT) and brain volumes on MRI.

The investigators found slightly lower hippocampal volumes on MRI after a 3-year follow-up in women assigned to HT compared to placebo. This confirms our previous observation in the Rotterdam Scan Study, a population-based MRI study in nondemented elderly where we found no beneficial effect of high endogenous plasma estradiol levels on manually measured hippocampal volumes on MRI in 210 randomly selected women.2 If anything, we found that higher estradiol levels were associated with lower hippocampal volumes.

For a portion of this cohort (n = 94), follow-up MRIs are now available and were made an …
“Newstrusting” or “newsbusting?” heuristic and systematic information processing and trust in media (2021)

How much trust the public places in the media to provide accurate news is essential to the health of both the media and democracy. Trust in news media is especially important during a presidential ...
Chaos in an active interferometer (1992)

Self-induced chaos in a laser diode Twyman–Green interferometer with an optoelectronic delayed feedback is studied. We have experimentally observed the chaotic behavior of the laser output power, which involves period-doubling bifurcation schemes. A linearized stability analysis is performed, which predicts the stability condition. The numerical simulations of the difference equation of the system qualitatively reproduce the results of the experiment. We also discuss the evolution’s route to chaos based on the change of the trajectories in the phase space.
IL-10 Negatively Controls the Primary T Cell Response of Tilapia by Triggering the JAK1/STAT3/SOCS3 Axis That Suppresses NF-κB and MAPK/ERK Signaling (2023)

The braking mechanisms to protect the host from tissue damage and inflammatory disease caused by an overexuberant immune response are common in many T cell subsets. However, the negative regulation of T cell responses and detailed mechanisms are not well understood in early vertebrates. In the current study, using a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) model, we investigated the suppression of T cell immunity by IL-10. Tilapia encodes an evolutionarily conserved IL-10, whose expression in lymphocytes is markedly induced during the primary adaptive immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Activated T cells of tilapia produce IL-10, which in turn inhibits proinflammatory cytokine expression and suppresses PHA-induced T cell activation. Moreover, administration of IL-10 impairs the proliferation of tilapia T cells, reduces their potential to differentiate into Th subsets, and cripples the cytotoxic function, rendering the animals more vulnerable to pathogen attack. After binding to its receptor IL-10Ra, IL-10 activates the JAK1/STAT3 axis by phosphorylation and enhances the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which in turn attenuates the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, thus suppressing the T cell response of tilapia. Our findings elucidate a negative regulatory mechanism of T cell immunity in a fish species and support the notion that the braking mechanism of T cells executed through IL-10 existed prior to the divergence of the tetrapod lineage from teleosts. Therefore, this study, to our knowledge, provides a novel perspective on the evolution of the adaptive immune system.
Segmented coding of digital image sequences (1992)

New algorithms, based on region-contour segmentation of images, are reported for application to low bit rate coding of monochrome and colour videotelephone image sequences. The prime importance of image edges in visual perception emphasises the need for their accurate representation in image compression. A centroid linkage region growing technique is employed to partition an image into homogeneous regions with distinct contours which are then coded and transmitted. Using a priori knowledge about ‘head and shoulders’ images, a method is developed which determines the location of the face for more accurate coding of this region. To achieve the low bit rates required for transmission of videotelephone images over the ISDN, motion compensation techniques have been included and good quality results are obtained at rates in the region of 64 kbit/s.
The outcome at 15 years of endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft for ‘isolated’ anterior cruciate ligament rupture (2012)

The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of 'isolated' anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures treated with anatomical endoscopic reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft at a mean of 15 years (14.25 to 16.9). A total of 100 consecutive men and 100 consecutive women with 'isolated' ACL rupture underwent four-strand hamstring tendon reconstruction with anteromedial portal femoral tunnel drilling and interference screw fixation by a single surgeon. Details were recorded pre-operatively and at one, two, seven and 15 years post-operatively. Outcomes included clinical examination, subjective and objective scoring systems, and radiological assessment. At 15 years only eight of 118 patients (7%) had moderate or severe osteo-arthritic changes (International Knee Documentation Committee Grades C and D), and 79 of 152 patients (52%) still performed very strenuous activities. Overall graft survival at 15 years was 83% (1.1% failure per year). Patients aged < 18 years at the time of surgery and patients with > 2 mm of laxity at one year had a threefold increase in the risk of suffering a rupture of the graft (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). There was no increase in laxity of the graft over time. ACL reconstructive surgery in patients with an 'isolated' rupture using this technique shows good results 15 years post-operatively with respect to ligamentous stability, objective and subjective outcomes, and does not appear to cause osteoarthritis.
Block copolymer micelle nanolithography (2003)

Au-nanoclusters between 2 and 8 nm in diameter were deposited onto solid substrates in different pattern geometries. The basis of this approach is the self-assembly of polystyrene-b-poly[2-vinylpyridine (HAuCl4)] diblock copolymer micelles into uniform monomicellar films on solid supports such as Si-wafers or glass cover slips. HAuCl4 as metallic precursor or a single solid Au-nanoparticle caused by reduction of the precursor are embedded in the centre of diblock copolymer micelles. Subsequent hydrogen, oxygen or argon gas plasma treatment of the dry film causes deposition of Au-nanoparticles onto the substrate by entire removal of the polymer. The Au-dot patterns resemble the micellar patterns before the plasma treatment. Separation distances between the dots is controlled by the molecular weight of the diblock copolymers. The limitation of the separation distance between individual dots or the pattern geometry is overcome by combining self-assembly of diblock copolymer micelles with pre-structures formed by photo or e-beam lithography. Capillary forces of a retracting liquid film due to solvent evaporation on the pre-structured substrate push micelles in the corners of these defined topographies. A more direct process is demonstrated by applying monomicellar films as negative e-beam resist. Micelles that are irradiated by electrons are chemically modified and can hardly be dissolved from the substrate while non-exposed micelles can be lifted-off by suitable solvents. This process is also feasible on electrical isolating substrates such as glass cover slips if the monomicellar film is coated in addition with a 5 nm thick conductive layer of carbon before e-beam treatment. The application of cylindrical block copolymer micelles also allows for the formation of 4 nm wide lines which can be 1–50 µm long and also be organized in defined aperiodic structures.
Role of amino acid residues in left‐handed helical conformation for the conformational stability of a protein (2001)

Our previous study of six non-Gly to Gly/Ala mutant human lysozymes in a left-handed helical region showed that only one non-Gly residue at a rigid site had unfavorable strain energy as compared with Gly at the same position (Takano et al., Proteins 2001; 44:233-243). To further examine the role of left-handed residues in the conformational stability of a protein, we constructed ten Gly to Ala mutant human lysozymes. Most Gly residues in human lysozyme are located in the left-handed helix region. The thermodynamic parameters for denaturation and crystal structures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray analysis, respectively. The difference in denaturation Gibbs energy (DeltaDeltaG) for the ten Gly to Ala mutants ranged from + 1.9 to -7.5 kJ/mol, indicating that the effect of the mutation depends on the environment of the residue. We confirm that Gly in a left-handed region is more favorable at rigid sites than non-Gly, but there is little difference in energetic cost between Gly and non-Gly at flexible sites. The present results indicate that dihedral angles in the backbone conformation and also the flexibility at the position should be considered for analyses of protein stability, and protein structural determination, prediction, and design.
Construction of the Community Health Management and Service System Based on Spatial Information Grid (2007)

This paper has discussed the community health management and service from its informatization aspect to its grid aspect, and has designed the overall structure of the grid-based community health management and service system. We have already achieved the specific functions of it. In this paper, the functions of the community health management and service system such as real time supervision, service flow and sophisticated management by using real example have been developed, which have validated the foundational service function of spatial information grid, and have proved the spatial information grid is a practical way for medical professional service.
ACID-BASE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES IN THE GAS PHASE: PERMANENT ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENTS OF A PHOTOACIDIC SUBSTRATE. (2009)

A. Weller. \textit{Prog. React. Kinet.D. F. Plusquellic, X. -Q. Tan, and D. W. Pratt. \textit{J. Chem. Phys.Work supported by NSF (CHE-0615755).
The occurrence of anti-3-fucosyllactosamine antibodies and their cross-reactive idiotopes in preimmune and immune mouse sera. (1986)

The carbohydrate determinant 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-FL), Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc-R, which is also known as SSEA-1 or as the X determinant, is very immunogenic in BALB/c mice. Many monoclonal antibodies directed against this structure have been obtained by immunization of mice with murine teratocarcinomas and human carcinomas and myeloid cells. We have undertaken an analysis of the regulation of these antibodies and of their idiotypic, structural, and genetic diversity. We have described previously the preparation of syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (6C4 and 6B1) that reacted with 50% of a panel of monoclonal anti-3-FL antibodies. In this study, we have examined the occurrence of anti-3-FL antibodies and their cross-reactive idiotopes in the sera of unimmunized and immunized mice. All BALB/c sera examined had more naturally occurring antibodies against 3-FL than against four other glycolipid antigens, and the 6C4 and 6B1 idiotopes were also detected in these sera. Approximately 25% of the anti-3-FL antibodies could be removed from a pool of BALB/c sera by a 6C4 affinity column, and the eluate from this column exhibited strong binding to 3-FL antigens. After a single i.v. injection of a 3-FL-positive glycolipid coated on Salmonella minnesota, anti-3-FL titers rose in BALB/c mice. The level of 6B1 idiotope rose in most mice, but the idiotope level showed no correlation with anti-3-FL titers. Naturally occurring antibodies against 3-FL were also noted in the sera of AKR, C3H/He, DBA/2, BALB/c-nu/nu, and CBA/CaHN mice but not in C57BL/6, SM, or CBA/N mice. A single i.v. injection of antigen elicited an antibody response in C3H/He mice but not in C57BL/6, SM, or DBA/2 mice. These data indicate that several strains of mice have more naturally occurring IgM antibodies against the 3-FL structure than against other glycolipids, and that this response may be genetically regulated. The 6C4 and 6B1 cross-reactive idiotopes that we have identified previously on monoclonal antibodies are also present in preimmune and immune sera. The existence of a population of B lymphocytes that are primed against the 3-FL determinant accounts in part for the immunogenicity of this structure.
Concept mining for distributed alliance in multi-agent based virtual enterprises (2004)

Complex system manufacturing, such as that which takes place in the aerospace and automotive industries, is becoming increasingly dependent on distributed product development and is increasingly being conducted within the context of globally hosted virtual enterprises. These involve dynamic alliances and are characterized by a particular lifecycle: from partnership seeking, partnership cooperation to partnership dissolution. One of the basic problems in a distributed alliance is how to get an agent to find the best competent individual as a partner for a given task. The semantic Web and its associated new standards appear very promising as candidates to support a new generation of virtual enterprises based on heterogeneous systems integration and distributed alliances. Whilst knowledge can be represented in a machine interpretable way using the semantic Web, an agent can support automatic partner searching and documents processing in the Web. This paper proposes a matchmaking scheme for allocating tasks among agents based on the announcements of tasks and the capability of agents in DAML, where agents advertise their skills and local knowledge in a community and a task initiator seeks out the best-matched partners to form a dynamic alliance. Due to the autonomy of agents, the announcements are often from the agent's local perspective and the semantics of the announcements must be taken into account. To address this issue, a concept-mining scheme is then presented to reveal the actual meaning behind the announcements based on the ontology definition of a community. Consequently, distributed alliances in a virtual enterprise can take place in an automated/semi-automated way
Reverse Engineering of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (2009)

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is an intracellular mechanism that ensures proper chromosome segregation. By inhibiting Cdc20, a co-factor of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), the checkpoint arrests the cell cycle until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. Inhibition of Cdc20 is mediated by a conserved network of interacting proteins. The individual functions of these proteins are well characterized, but understanding of their integrated function is still rudimentary. We here describe our attempts to reverse-engineer the SAC network based on gene deletion phenotypes. We begun by formulating a general model of the SAC which enables us to predict the rate of chromosomal missegregation for any putative set of interactions between the SAC proteins. Next the missegregation rates of seven yeast strains are measured in response to the deletion of one or two checkpoint proteins. Finally, we searched for the set of interactions that correctly predicted the observed missegregation rates of all deletion mutants. Remarkably, although based on only seven phenotypes, the consistent network we obtained successfully reproduces many of the known properties of the SAC. Further insights provided by our analysis are discussed.
Meander-line polarizer for arbitrary rotation of linear polarization (1994)

A versatile meander-line polarizer is described and demonstrated for arbitrary rotation of linear polarization. This polarizer consists of eight-layer meander-line grids with rigid foam spacers between any two layers. It is shown that the field polarization rotation angle through this meander-line polarizer is twice the angle between the incident polarization and the polarizer grating lines. Hence, any polarization rotation can be accomplished by a simple mechanical rotation of this low-mass polarizer instead of rotating or modifying the much heavier antenna and its complex feed components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application of ant colony optimization to optimal design of open channels (2009)

Artificial open channels are expensive infrastructure in terms of material, construction and maintenance and application of optimization models has a great role in minimizing their cost. Two optimization approaches for the cross-sectional design are compared. In the first stage, an equivalent roughness coefficient is considered without any sectional division according to the Manning equation. Then, in the second stage, the horizontal velocity variation over the cross-section is taken into account by dividing the channel into three segments. Both, ant colony optimization, as a new heuristic approach, and the genetic algorithm method have been used to solve the non-linear optimization problem. Considering the obtained results for different design variables, the optimal and appropriate cross-section is proposed for composite trapezoidal open channels by the second model by considering horizontal velocity variation. Furthermore, the efficiency and capability of the ant colony optimization are examined to solve and analyze the optimal design models.