gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video capsule endoscopy as a tool for evaluation of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit (2018)

This observational retrospective study demonstrates that VCE may be a safe, feasible, and effective diagnostic tool in evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding in the ICU population with few complications. VCE may be a safe diagnostic prelude and be a guide to the correct therapeutic procedure if needed, in the context of patients who are seriously ill.
MODELING VECTOR TIME SERIES DATA (2013)

In this dissertation, firstly, I study spatial quantile regression estimation of mul- tivariate threshold time series models. Asymptotic normality of the proposed spatial quantile regression estimator is established. Simulations and a real example are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator. Secondly, I study the multi- variate time-varying coefficient models for time series data. An explicit solution of the coefficient estimators is given in the paper. Furthermore, I propose generalized likelihood ratio test for the multivariate time-varying coefficient models, my aim is to construct some test statistics to test whether the coefficients are constants or of some specific parametric functional for the time-varying coefficient model. The asymptotic null distribution of the proposed test statistics is presented and shown to be independent of the nuisance parameters. Simulation results for the power of the test and a real example are reported at the end of this dissertation.
Autoreactivity developing spontaneously in cultured mouse spleen cells. III. Inhibition of anti-embryo cytotoxicity in male T lymphocytes by female non-T cells. (1976)

Cultured female spleen cells develop less cytotoxicity to embryo-associated antigens than do cultured male spleen cells. This difference is less pronounced if the cells are treated before culture with a specific hetero-anti-B cell antiserum. Female non-T cells (especially from primiparous animals) can decrease the spontaneously developing T-cell cytotoxicity in male splenic T lymphocytes upon culture. By artificially manipulating the T cell: non-T cell ratio in the spleen population prior to culture, it seems one can alter the type of cytotoxic mechanism (to embryo-associated antigens) which develops in the cultures.
An accelerated algorithm for discrete stochastic simulation of reaction–diffusion systems using gradient-based diffusion and tau-leaping (2011)

Stochastic simulation of reaction-diffusion systems enables the investigation of stochastic events arising from the small numbers and heterogeneous distribution of molecular species in biological cells. Stochastic variations in intracellular microdomains and in diffusional gradients play a significant part in the spatiotemporal activity and behavior of cells. Although an exact stochastic simulation that simulates every individual reaction and diffusion event gives a most accurate trajectory of the system's state over time, it can be too slow for many practical applications. We present an accelerated algorithm for discrete stochastic simulation of reaction-diffusion systems designed to improve the speed of simulation by reducing the number of time-steps required to complete a simulation run. This method is unique in that it employs two strategies that have not been incorporated in existing spatial stochastic simulation algorithms. First, diffusive transfers between neighboring subvolumes are based on concentration gradients. This treatment necessitates sampling of only the net or observed diffusion events from higher to lower concentration gradients rather than sampling all diffusion events regardless of local concentration gradients. Second, we extend the non-negative Poisson tau-leaping method that was originally developed for speeding up nonspatial or homogeneous stochastic simulation algorithms. This method calculates each leap time in a unified step for both reaction and diffusion processes while satisfying the leap condition that the propensities do not change appreciably during the leap and ensuring that leaping does not cause molecular populations to become negative. Numerical results are presented that illustrate the improvement in simulation speed achieved by incorporating these two new strategies.
Advanced schemes for all-optical computing, optical error correction, and optical signal processing (2015)

The recent progress in optical communications and signal processing outlines the fact that the parallel computing falls well behind the optical transmission systems' capabilities. Even though that photonic networks-on-chips (NOCs) can be employed to enable future computing and signal processing functions, there is a number of limitations (such as frequent O-E-O conversions, temperature sensitivity, and reliability issues) to be overcome before such schemes become widely adopted. All this strengthens the need for novel optical computing paradigms to be introduced. In this paper, we discuss novel optical processing schemes to overcome the computing limitations of photonic NOCs. We describe both continuous-time (CT) and discrete-time (DT) implementations of photonic integrated circuits (PIC)-based basic building blocks for all-optical computing. In addition, we need to use all-optical error correction schemes to deal with the accumulated errors due to the impact of noise. To perform all-optical linear block encoding and decoding we discuss and propose the use of SOA based XOR gates, while for CT implementation, the employment of Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based multiplier to perform probabilities multiplication, is considered. Also, the use of Y-junctions and phase modulators for all-optical FFT is discussed. Finally, we will describe and propose our approach of how to perform all-optical multiplication and addition in Galois field (GF), which represent the basic operations required in nonbinary LDPC coding and byte-based computing functions.
DBU-CH3I, a Potential Substitute for CH2N2 in the Preparation of Methyl Esters and Methyl Aryl Ethers: Studies with Assorted Acids (2008)

Abstract DBU-CH3I has been poised to be a substitute for diazomethane in the preparation of methyl esters from carboxylic acids. The reactions can be carried out in commercial untreated acetone and acetonitrile, which have been exemplified with several methyl esters, otherwise it is difficult to prepare. Bis-esterification using diiodomethane can also be achieved in a similar fashion. Sufficiently acidic phenols are also conveniently O-methylated by the method.
Globin synthesis in hybrid cells constructed by transplantation of dormant avian erythrocyte nuclei into enucleated fibroblasts. (1981)

The polypeptides synthesized by mature embryonic erythrocytes prepared from the peripheral blood of 14- to 15-day-old chicken embryos were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Fewer than 200 species of polypeptides were detected; the major polypeptides made at this time were identified as the alpha A-, alpha D-, and beta-globin chains. The dormant erythrocyte nuclei were next reactivated to transcriptional competence by transplantation into enucleated mouse or chicken embryo fibroblasts, with frequencies of cytoplast renucleation of about 50 and 90%, respectively. Since large numbers of hybrid cells could be constructed, a biochemical analysis was possible. Electrophoretic analysis of the [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides made in the hybrid cell types showed that polypeptides having the mobilities of only two (alpha A and alpha D) of the three major adult globin chains were made as major constituents of the hybrid cells. However, analysis of 14C-amino acid-labeled polypeptides revealed that a beta-like polypeptide that lacked methionine was also synthesized in large amounts. This polypeptide was tentatively identified as the early embryonic globin species rho. Globin synthesis was detected as early as 3 h after nuclear transplantation and as late as 18 h, the last time measured in these experiments. It appeared that globin polypeptides made at very early times were translated at least partially from chicken messenger ribonucleic acid introduced into the hybrid cells during fusion, whereas those made at later times were translated primarily from newly synthesized globin messenger ribonucleic acid. The potential usefulness of this hybrid cell system in analyzing mechanisms regulating globin gene expression is discussed.
Minimal TCB Code Execution (2007)

We propose an architecture that allows code to execute in complete isolation from other software while trusting only a tiny software base that is orders of magnitude smaller than even minimalist virtual machine monitors. Our technique also enables more meaningful attestation than previous proposals, since only measurements of the security-sensitive portions of an application need to be included. We achieve these guarantees by leveraging hardware support provided by commodity processors from AMD and Intel that are shipping today.
Improved HARQ based on network coding and its application in LTE (2012)

In this paper, a novel HARQ transmission scheme based on network coding is proposed for wireless unicast scenarios. Instead of retransmitting erroneous packets individually, a network coded packet constructed by the XOR of two erroneous packets is transmitted similar to network coding. In order to fully exploit the network coded packet in combination with the previously received erroneous packets, soft combining methods with respect to Chase Combing (CC) and Incremental Redundancy (IR) are developed. The expected throughput gain of 33% for one retransmission for the proposed solution compared to common HARQ transmission is confirmed by LTE link-level simulations.
Effect of l-Glutamine on Pulmonary Hypertension in the Perfused Rabbit Lung (1994)

The effects of l-glutamine on pulmonary hypertension in the isolated perfused rabbit lung were investigated. Pulmonary hypertension was produced by the thromboxane-A2 mimetic U46619. l-Glutamine at a dose of 0.04 mM produced a sustained increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and subsequent administration of an equimolar dose of l-arginine did not affect PAP. l-Glutamine at a dose of 0.5 mM transiently increased PAP, which then decreased to baseline (pre-glutamine) values. When endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited with NG-nitro-l-arginine methylester, l-glutamine at a dose of 0.04 mM decreased PAP. These results demonstrate that the effect of l-glutamine on PAP during pulmonary hypertension depends upon dose, time and the presence of endogenous NO synthesis. We believe that the results can be explained by two different effects of l-glutamine, namely a direct inhibition of NO release by glutamine and the donation of nitrogen atoms by glutamine for additional NO or other vasodilator synthesis. Since plasma glutamine levels are 0.4-0.7 mM, endogenous l-glutamine may play a modulatory role during pulmonary hypertension.
Empirical Evidence from Neuroimaging Data for a Standard Model of the Mind. (2018)

In a recent paper, Laird, Lebiere, and Rosenbloom (2017)highlight how 40 years of research on cognitive architectureshas begun to yield a dramatic convergence of different ap-proaches towards a set of basic assumptions that they calledthe “Standard Model of the Mind” (SMM), in analogy to theStandard Model of particle physics. The SMM was designedto capture a consensus view of “human-like minds”, whetherfrom AI or cognitive science, which if valid must also be trueof the human brain. Here, we provide a preliminary test ofthis hypothesis based on a re-analysis of fMRI data from fourtasks that span a wide range of cognitive functions and cog-nitive complexity, and are representative of the specific formof intelligence and flexibility that is associated with higher-level human cognition. Using an established method (DynamicCausal Modeling) to examine functional connectivity betweenbrain regions, the SMM was compared against two alternativemodels that violate either functional or structural assumptionsof the SMM. The results show that, in every dataset, the SMMsignificantly outperforms the other models, suggesting that theSMM best captures the functional requirements of brain dy-namics in fMRI data among these alternatives.
Minimization of activated sludge production by chemically stimulated energy spilling (2000)

Minimization of excess sludge production in activated sludge processes has been pursued around the world in order to meet stringent environmental regulations on sludge treatment and disposal. To achieve this goal, physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been proposed. In this paper, a chemical compound, 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) was tested for enhancing microbial energy spilling of the sludgeso as to minimize its growth. In order to examine this, an exploratory study was conducted using both batch and continuous activated sludge cultures. Batch experiments with these two cultures were carried out at different initial concentrations of TCS. It has been confirmed that an addition of TCS is effective in reducing the production of both the sludge cultures, particularly the continuous culture where the observed growth yield was reduced by around 70%, when the initial TCS concentration was 0.8 ppm. Meanwhile, the substrate removal activity of this culture was found not to be affected at this TCS concentration. To further evaluate the TCS effect, a pure microbial culture of E. coli was employed. Batch experiment results with this culture implied that TCS might be able to reduce the cell density of E. coli drastically when an initial TCS concentration was greater than 0.12 ppm. It was also found that TCS was not toxic to this type of bacteria. Microscopic examinations with a 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining technique revealed that TCS neither affected the cell division nor altered the cell size of E. coli. However, both the cell ATP content and the cell dry weight were reduced significantly with the addition of TCS.
Quality by design approach for early understanding of active pharmaceutical ingredient recovery process through dead-end filtration (2019)

This study applied some concepts of quality-by-design (QbD) approach for an early understanding of crystal recovery through filtration. A bespoke laboratory scale dead-end filtration platform (modified Biotage vacuum master (BVM) ≈ 50 mL working volume) was used to investigate the recovery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of different size distributions using acetaminophen crystals (micronised, medium-sized Bioxtra and coarse) as a case study. The method involved: (1) identification of critical process parameters (CPPs) with significant impact on process stability (a process risk evaluation step based on one factor at a time); (2) design of experiment to screen the influence of design factors (such as filter pore size, pressure difference, crystal loading and particle size distribution (PSD)) contributing to process instability based on process responses (volumetric flux and specific cake resistance); and (3) investigate the optimal process window for reduced probability of failure and process predictability. The filtration process responses were characterised by assessing the filtrate flow rate by the application of Darcy’s law. Initial assessments of process steadiness for acetaminophen crystals recovery shows that the filter pore size and API crystal sizes are critical. A non-linear process dependency was observed between the applied pressure difference, pore size, and crystal size. Screening crystal recovery conditions based on the design of experiment (DoE) approach indicated a steady filtration process for all crystal sizes tested except for coarse crystals which shows non-valid (negative) specific cake resistance at conditions of 5 µm pore size filter and 100 mbar pressure difference. However, pressure difference and pore size had a notable impact on the process responses. As a result, 10 µm pore size filter was used for investigating the optimal process window. Process predictability was demonstrated by data clustering and refinement based on partial least square model. The results showed good predictability with >98% regression between the predicted and experimental data. Verification of optimal operating window with less than 5% probability failure resulted in conditions of 300 – 450 mbar pressure difference and PSD of 45 – 110 µm. The approach studied using the small-scale BVM provided an early data gathering and systematic approach to understanding process interactions affecting crystal recovery through dead-end filtration.
Organic electronic crystals and electronic and optic properties (1997)

Abstract The significance of two new types organic electronic crystals based on substituted phenylthiourea and N-phenylphthalic imidine have been illustrated in this paper. Five crystal materials: p-methylphenylthiourea (I, C8H10 N2S), p-chlorophenylthiourea (I, C7H7ClN2S), 2, 4, 6-tribromophenylthiourea (I, C7H5Br3N2S), N-(phenyl) phthalic imidine (IV, C14 H9NO2) and N-(p-methylphenyl) phthalic imidine (V, C15H11NO2) were prepared and confirmed by IR,NMR,MS and elementary analysis. The crystal and molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. The relative dielectric constants εr, piezoelectric parameters d33 and refractive index n were measured respectively. The synthesis preparation, molecular structure, dielectric and piezoelectric and optic properties were discussed.
Role of Microvascular Tone and Extracellular Matrix Contraction in the Regulation of Interstitial Fluid (2016)

The pathophysiology of aortic dissection is poorly understood, and its risk is resistant to medical treatment. Most studies have focused on a proposed pathogenic role of transforming growth factor-β in Marfan disease and related thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections. However, clinical testing of this concept using angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists to block transforming growth factor-β signaling fell short of promise. Genetic mutations that predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections affect components of the extracellular matrix and proteins involved in cellular force generation. Thus, a role for dysfunctional mechanosensing in abnormal aortic wall remodeling is emerging. However, how abnormal mechanosensing leads to aortic dissection remains a mystery. Here, we review current knowledge about the regulation of interstitial fluid dynamics and myogenic tone and propose that alteration in contractile force reduces vascular tone in the microcirculation (here, aortic vasa vasorum) and leads to elevations of blood flow, transmural pressure, and fluid flux into the surrounding aortic media. Furthermore, reduced contractile force in medial smooth muscle cells coupled with alteration of structural components of the extracellular matrix limits extracellular matrix contraction, further promoting the formation of intramural edema, a critical step in the initiation of aortic dissection. The concept is supported by several pathophysiological and clinical observations. A direct implication of this concept is that drugs that lower blood pressure and limit interstitial fluid accumulation while preserving or increasing microvascular tone would limit the risk of dissection. In contrast, drugs that substantially lower microvascular tone would be ineffective or may accelerate the disease and precipitate aortic dissection.
Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion in Normal Controls and Chronic Calcifying Pancreatitis Patients from Burundi: Possible Dietary Influences (1993)

Pure pancreatic juice composition was studied, after secretin and cerulein stimulation in 29 people from Burundi (Central Africa): 17 controls and 12 alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients. Results were compared to similar data in France. African controls had a similar pancreatic response to hormones apart from a much lower lipase secretion than French controls. In the early non-calcified stage of African CP water and bicarbonate secretion were markedly diminished while protein and lipase concentrations were enhanced. In the late stage, secretion was exhausted except that of calcium. Nutritional data were obtained under the same conditions in 40 African controls and in 34 CP patients (including all patients tested for secretion). African controls had a very low fat intake (35.2 +/- 2.6 g/day), and patients had a higher protein and fat intake (144.7 +/- 5.9 and 66.2 +/- 4.8 g/day, respectively) than local controls: as in other countries, CP was associated with a diet enriched in alcohol, fat and protein.
A phase Ib/IIa study of NEO-102: A therapeutic antibody to treat pancreatic and colorectal cancers. (2014)

243 Background: We have developed a chimeric monoclonal antibody (ab) that targets a variant of MUC5AC that is expressed specifically by human pancreatic (P) and colorectal (C) tumors with minimal reactivity to normal GI mucosa. In the phase (ph) I trial of the initial formulation NEO-101, 5/19 patients (pts) had stable disease (SD) after completing their 1st course of treatment (tx) (4 doses) and overall survival (OS) of &gt;12 months (mos) observed in 3 C and 2 P pts despite disease progression on standard (std) of care tx regimens. The current study utilizes NEO-102, a glycoengineered form of NEO-101 with improved stability and decreased RBC agglutination. Methods: A Ph Ib/IIa open label, multi-center dose-escalation clinical trial with NEO-102 is enrolling pts with advanced P and C cancer refractory to std therapy. Primary objective: measure efficacy by analysis of CT scans pre- and post-therapy using RECIST criteria, OS, clinical laboratory tests, and physical examinations. Secondary objectives: a.determine safety and tolerability of escalating doses of NEO-102; b. assess pharmacokinetics (PK) and select immune responses to the ab at each dose level. Analyses of pt PBMCs for ADCC and immune cytokine profiling utilizing the Milliplex MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Panel are planned to assess for immunologic outcome, and for correlation with clinical benefit. Results: Safety analysis has been performed on 3 pts enrolled in the first cohort at the dose level of 1.5 mg/kg IV q2weeks. There were no dose limiting toxicities (DLT) observed. In this cohort, one of the pts is evaluable for SD at 4 mos. The other 2 pts are scheduled for restaging scans. Pts are currently being accrued at the 2 mg/kg dose level. Conclusions: Preliminary results with NEO-102 ab have demonstrated signs of clinical activity based on stabilization of disease in heavily pretreated pts with P and C cancer. Safety has been established at the 1.5 mg/kg dose level and patients are currently being accrued to the 2 mg/kg dose level. If no DLT is observed at the current dose level, we plan to escalate to 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively. Immune biomarker analyses are underway to correlate PBMC ADCC and cytokine profile with tx response. Clinical trial information: NCT01040000.
Formation of Trinuclear Rhodium‐Hydride Complexes [{Rh(PP*)H}3‐ (μ2‐H)3(μ3‐H)][anion]2—During Asymmetric Hydrogenation? (2013)

Recently described and fully characterized trinuclear rhodium-hydride complexes [{Rh(PP*)H}3(μ2-H)3(μ3-H)][anion]2 have been investigated with respect to their formation and role under the conditions of asymmetric hydrogenation. Catalyst-substrate complexes with mac (methyl (Z)-N-acetylaminocinnamate) ([Rh(tBu-BisP*)(mac)]BF4, [Rh(Tangphos)(mac)]BF4, [Rh(Me-BPE)(mac)]BF4, [Rh(DCPE)(mac)]BF4, [Rh(DCPB)(mac)]BF4), as well as rhodium-hydride species, both mono-([Rh(Tangphos)-H2(MeOH)2]BF4, [Rh(Me-BPE)H2(MeOH)2]BF4), and dinuclear ([{Rh(DCPE)H}2(μ2-H)3]BF4, [{Rh(DCPB)H}2(μ2-H)3]BF4), are described. A plausible reaction sequence for the formation of the trinuclear rhodium-hydride complexes is discussed. Evidence is provided that the presence of multinuclear rhodium-hydride complexes should be taken into account when discussing the mechanism of rhodium-promoted asymmetric hydrogenation.