gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alloy Design Strategies through Computational Thermodynamics and Kinetics Approaches (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Design Challenges and the Basic Principles of TRIP Steels Making the Alloy/Processing - Microstructure - Property Connections Putting Everything Together: A Computer-Based Optimization of Alloy and Heat Treatments for TRIP Steels Conclusions Acknowledgements
Radiation Use Efficiency and Biomass Production in Soybean at Different Plant Population Densities (2002)

As population density (POP) increases in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop, maximum light interception (LI) occurs earlier in the season. Earlier canopy closure would be expected to increase the cumulative radiation intercepted. We hypothesized that if radiation use efficiency (RUE) was constant across a range of population densities in a nonstressful environment, then increasing POP would increase biomass at the end of the season. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the response of total biomass produced during the season to cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in field experiments at Fayetteville, AR, with soybean cultivars selected from Maturity Groups (MGs) 00 to IV. Additionally, from field experiments at Keiser, AR, with MG IV soybean cultivars, we assessed the response of RUE to POP. At both locations with MG IV cultivars, a late sowing date shortened the life cycle of the crop by 13 to 25 d compared with an early sowing date, resulting in less PAR accumulated. Similarly, early maturing cultivars had less time for PAR and biomass accumulation relative to later maturing cultivars. At Keiser, in three of the four environments, RUE decreased linearly by 26 to 30% as the POP increased from 7 to 135 plants m(-2). Final biomass at the end of the season, as a function of PAR accumulated from emergence to the full-seed-size stage of development, responded linearly to intercepted PAR up to approximately 400 MJ m(-2). Above 400 MJ m(-2), the response was curvilinear with little increases in biomass >700 MJ m(-2). Our data clearly indicate that RUE decreased as POP increased and that maximum biomass production in these environments was not limited by intercepted PAR.
Anaerobic digestion of secondary residuals from an anaerobic bioreactor at a brewery to enhance bioenergy generation (2008)

Many beer breweries use high-rate anaerobic digestion (AD) systems to treat their soluble high-strength wastewater. Biogas from these AD systems is used to offset nonrenewable energy utilization in the brewery. With increasing nonrenewable energy costs, interest has mounted to also digest secondary residuals from the high-rate digester effluent, which consists of yeast cells, bacteria, methanogens, and small (hemi)cellulosic particles. Mesophilic (37 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) lab-scale, low-rate continuously-stirred anaerobic digestion (CSAD) bioreactors were operated for 258 days by feeding secondary residuals at a volatile solids (VS) concentration of approximately 40 g l(-1). At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days and a VS loading rate of 2.7 g VS l(-1) day(-1), the mesophilic bioreactor showed an average specific volumetric biogas production rate of 0.88 l CH4 l(-1) day(-1) and an effluent VS concentration of 22.2 g VS l(-1) (43.0% VS removal efficiency) while the thermophilic bioreactor displayed similar performances. The overall methane yield for both systems was 0.21 l CH4 g(-1) VS fed and 0.47-0.48 l CH4 g(-1) VS removed. A primary limitation of thermophilic digestion of this protein-rich waste is the inhibition of methanogens due to higher nondissociated (free) ammonia (NH3) concentrations under similar total ammonium (NH4+) concentrations at equilibrium. Since thermophilic AD did not result in advantageous methane production rates or yields, mesophilic AD was, therefore, superior in treating secondary residuals from high-rate AD effluent. An additional digester to convert secondary residuals to methane may increase the total biogas generation at the brewery by 8% compared to just conventional high-rate digestion of brewery wastewater alone.
A global method based on thin-plate splines for correction of geometric distortion: An application to fluoroscopic images (2003)

Quantitative analysis of biomedical images needs a careful correction of geometric distortion. To avoid the discontinuities of the local correction techniques and achieve good accuracy in the presence of global and local distortion, a novel global correction technique based on thin-plate splines is proposed. The technique approximates the grid points by a thin plate minimizing the weighted sum of the bending energy and the mean squared residual errors. The method proposed is compared with three traditional correction techniques: two local and one global. One local technique is linear and takes into account translation, rotation, and scaling, the other is nonlinear and includes skewing. The global technique is based on a two-dimensional polynomial model. Computer-based simulations and experimental tests on fluoroscopic images were carried out. The local techniques were sensitive to both sigmoidal and radial distortion. The polynomial and thin-plate splines global techniques were found sensitive only to sigmoidal distortion and to radial distortion, respectively. The two global techniques showed better performances with respect to any local on synthetic and real images. Where the distortion is predominantly radial or high computational efficiency is required, the polynomial global correction technique should be preferred. Where the distortion has a local nature or is predominantly sigmoidal, the thin-plate splines global correction technique should be chosen.
Evidence of Mott physics in iron pnictides from x-ray spectroscopy (2017)

The existence of large instantaneous local magnetic moments in paramagnetic phases is a direct signature of Mott localization. In order to track the doping evolution of fluctuating local moments in iron-based superconductors, we jointly use two fast probes, x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopies. Exploring K- and Cr-hole-doped $\mathrm{BaF}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{s}}_{2}$, we find a systematic increase in the local moment with hole-doping, in contrast with inelastic neutron scattering measurements, which suggest an opposite trend. Our results support the theoretical scenario in which a Mott insulating state that would be realized for half-filled conduction bands has an influence throughout the phase diagram of these iron pnictides.
Bilateral mandibular pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis and pulmonary nodules in a dog with Bartonella henselae bacteremia. (2014)

This report describes a 2-year-old collie dog with pulmonary nodules, visualized by computed tomographic (CT) scan, with evidence of Bartonella henselae bacteremia and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. Clinical signs resolved with antimicrobial therapy.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (2007)

The Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope1(STEM) is one of the most useful tools in many areas of atomic-scale materials science and nanocharacterisation. A STEM has the ability to generate local maps of the chemical composition and electronic structure at atomic resolution, even in complex or u...
A Game Theoretic Framework for Green HetNets Using D2D Traffic Offload and Renewable Energy Powered Base Stations (2015)

This chapter investigates the interplay between cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications and green communications in LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Two game theoretic concepts are studied and analyzed in order to perform dynamic HetNet base station (BS) on/off switching. The first approach is a coalition-based method whereas the second is based on the Nash bargaining solution. Afterwards, a method for coupling the BS on/off switching approach with D2D collaborative communications is presented and shown to lead to increased energy efficiency. The savings are additionally increased when a portion of the small cell BSs in a HetNet are powered by renewable energy sources. Different utility functions, modeling the game theoretic framework governing the energy consumption balance between the cellular network and the mobile terminals (MTs), are proposed and compared, and their impact on MT quality of service (QoS) is analyzed.
Objective Measurement of Binocular Fixation Misalignment (1986)

The amount of deviation from central fixation during binocular fusion of a vertical border was compared with conventional fixation disparity measured at the same time, forced convergence serving as the independent variable. Fixation eccentricity was measured objectively by monitoring a scleral blood vessel with a video camera and by analyzing the movement, greatly magnified, on a video screen. Fixation disparity was measured conventionally by interocular nonius alignment of vertically dissociated line segments. The results agree well with previous comparisons of these responses, in which the fixation eccentricity was measured by using a technique based on the effect of retinal stimulus location on border enhancement. As in the previous experiment, the fixation misalignment was found to be many times larger than the corresponding disparity for most forced convergence values. The large discrepancy between actual fixation misalignment and fixation disparity has thus been documented objectively as well as subjectively.
Oxidation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate to beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate in vivo (1992)

The oxidation of alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) to beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) by the enzyme KIC dioxygenase has been previously described in rat and human liver; however, the importance of this pathway in normal leucine metabolism has not yet been assessed. A series of experiments was conducted in young lambs and pigs to determine whether HMB is produced from KIC in vivo and to estimate the importance of this pathway in leucine metabolism. In the first study, lambs were fed a bolus of KIC, and the change in plasma HMB concentration was monitored over a 24-h period. Administration of KIC increased plasma HMB from basal concentrations of 2 to approximately 7 microM 4 h after the supplementation. In the second experiment, lambs were infused with [6,6,6-2H3]KIC into the duodenum, and the appearance of labeled [2H3]HMB was measured. Under basal conditions, a minimum of 18% of the HMB was derived from KIC, but when unlabeled KIC was infused into the duodenum at a rate of 1.6 mumol.kg-1.min-1, plasma HMB concentration doubled, and essentially 100% of the HMB present was derived from KIC. In a third experiment, young pigs were infused with [6,6,6-2H3]leucine. At steady state, [2H3]-leucine and HMB enrichments were nearly identical, indicating that plasma HMB is derived solely from leucine. In a fourth experiment, both lambs and pigs were injected intravenously with 600 mg of HMB daily, and urinary HMB excretion was quantitated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proteomics in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry: a look to the next decade (2021)

Proteomics will likely remain a key technology in the coming decade, but will have to evolve with respect to type and granularity of data, cost and throughput of data generation as well as integration with other technologies to fulfill its promise in drug discovery.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric α‐Bromination of Aldehydes and Ketones. (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Television News Applications of HMI Lamps (1975)

The operation of a TV News department raises a number of unique requirements for the equipment used by film crews. The requirements which this places on lighting equipment includes high performance, efficiency, light weight, compact size, and ruggedness. The HMI [Hydrargyrum (Mercury), M — Medium arc length, I — iodide] lamp was developed to meet the needs of TV news applications. Their application, however, has been limited by problems encountered due to “dark frames” when ac arc fluctuation and film speed are not synchronized. With the introduction of the 200 W HMI lamp and ballasts which eliminate flicker problems, the HMI lamp is gaining wide acceptance for TV news applications.
Driving the Last Mile: Characterizing and Understanding Distracted Driving Posts on Social Networks (2020)

In 2015, 391,000 people were injured due to distracted driving in the US. One of the major reasons behind distracted driving is the use of cell-phones, accounting for 14% of fatal crashes. Social media applications have enabled users to stay connected, however, the use of such applications while driving could have serious repercussions - often leading the user to be distracted from the road and ending up in an accident. In the context of impression management, it has been discovered that individuals often take a risk (such as teens smoking cigarettes, indulging in narcotics, and participating in unsafe sex) to improve their social standing. Therefore, viewing the phenomena of posting distracted driving posts under the lens of self-presentation, it can be hypothesized that users often indulge in risk-taking behavior on social media to improve their impression among their peers. In this paper, we first try to understand the severity of such social-media-based distractions by analyzing the content posted on a popular social media site where the user is driving and is also simultaneously creating content. To this end, we build a deep learning classifier to identify publicly posted content on social media that involves the user driving. Furthermore, a framework proposed to understand factors behind voluntary risk-taking activity observes that younger individuals are more willing to perform such activities, and men (as opposed to women) are more inclined to take risks. Grounding our observations in this framework, we test these hypotheses on 173 cities across the world. We conduct spatial and temporal analysis on a city-level and understand how distracted driving content posting behavior changes due to varied demographics. We discover that the factors put forth by the framework are significant in estimating the extent of such behavior.
Comparative Study of Ligand Binding during the Postsynthetic Stabilization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (2012)

In the absence of stabilizers in the reaction medium, the nonaqueous synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles usually results in agglomerated products. Stabilization is however often possible in a postsynthetic treatment, involving the addition of organic ligands that coordinate to the nanoparticle surface. The ligands are commonly expected to chemisorb via functional groups; however, we have recently shown that also weakly and unspecifically interacting ligands can lead to stabilization. Here, we present detailed investigations on the stabilization, comparing the binding of weakly coordinating ligands to a system with strongly and selectively binding stabilizers and additionally exploring the effect of ligand chain length. Although in all cases stabilization and disintegration of agglomerates to the primary particle level are achieved, strong differences are observed with respect to the processes at the particle surface. Moreover, these processes are shown to be more complex than simple ligand adsorption and need to be understood for proper design and choice of stabilizers.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Building Blocks of 2′‐Deoxyguanosine Bearing a C8‐Arylamine Modification (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bivalent BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Confer Increased Potency and Selectivity for BRDT via Protein Conformational Plasticity (2022)

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are important regulators of gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. BET family members BRD4 and BRDT are validated targets for cancer and male contraceptive drug development, respectively. Due to the high structural similarity of the acetyl-lysine binding sites, most reported inhibitors lack intra-BET selectivity. We surmised that protein-protein interactions induced by bivalent inhibitors may differ between BRD4 and BRDT, conferring an altered selectivity profile. Starting from nonselective monovalent inhibitors, we developed cell-active bivalent BET inhibitors with increased activity and selectivity for BRDT. X-ray crystallographic and solution studies revealed unique structural states of BRDT and BRD4 upon interaction with bivalent inhibitors. Varying spacer lengths and symmetric vs unsymmetric connections resulted in the same dimeric states, whereas different chemotypes induced different dimers. The findings indicate that the increased intra-BET selectivity of bivalent inhibitors is due to the differential plasticity of BET bromodomains upon inhibitor-induced dimerization.
Damage Induced by Excavation and Heat Release of a Radioactive Waste Repository. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Multimodal Reactivity of N–H Bonds in Triazanes and Isolation of a Triazinyl Radical (2022)

The employment of nitrogen Lewis acids based on nitrenium cations has been increasingly featured in the fields of main group chemistry and catalysis. A formally reduced form of nitrenium <b>D</b>─cyclic triazanes <b>E</b>─are intriguing chemical compounds, the chemistry of which is completely unexplored. In this work, we reveal that N-H-triazanes exhibit unusual N-H bond properties; namely, they can serve as protons, hydrides, or hydrogen atom donors. This unique multimodal reactivity provides an N-cation, N-anion, or N-radical from the same species. It allowed us to isolate, for the first time, a stable naphto[1,2,3]triazinyl radical, which was fully characterized both computationally and experimentally, including its monomeric X-ray structure. Moreover, this radical can be prepared directly from the nitrenium cation by a single electron reduction (<i>E</i> = -0.46 V), and this process is reversible. We envision versatile uses of this radical in synthetic and materials chemistry.
Assessment of serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in early pregnancy failure (2009)

Our study showed that decreased paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and increased LOOH levels may play a role in ethiopathogenesis through increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in women with EPF.
Electron Diffraction of Graphene-covered Catalase Crystals (2021)

The state-of-the-art method to investigate protein structures in a near-native state with electrons is to freeze them rapidly in a layer of amorphous ice and conduct imaging/diffraction at cryogenic temperatures, which is termed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). There are two major limitations to the cryo-EM. 1) High energy electrons (200-300 keV) cause radiation damage in proteins that limits the maximal dose that can be used for a single protein or protein crystal. 2) A frozen medium at cryogenic temperatures is far from ideal for dynamical observations [1-3].
Synthesis of Roundabout Implementation Practices (2014)

Roundabouts are a relatively new type of intersection control in Canada, and as such there is growing interest in how they compare relative to established types of control using stop signs and traffic signals. Roundabouts have a clear set of advantages and disadvantages compared to these traditional intersections, which are set out in Section 2 of this paper. Intersections play an critical role in the operation of a road network. Therefore it is important to make sound defensible decisions about type of intersection control, both when implementing a new intersection and when modifying an existing intersection (or road section) due to motor vehicle capacity or user safety issues. When stop and traffic signal control were the only alternatives this process was straightforward and accomplished using traffic signal warrants based on side street delay and historic safety performance. Now that roundabouts are a possible alternative the process is potentially much more complicated. A number of road agencies in Canada and the United States have developed practices to aid in making a decision about type of control. A selected range of these practices is described in Section 3 of this paper as well as practices in Australia, which is a country with similar density and road network characteristics as Canada and the US but a much longer history of roundabout implementation. Section 4 of this paper synthesizes the various roundabout implementation practices descried in Section 3 as being either basic intersection-level, “enhanced” intersection-level, or network-level.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Phenolic Constituents from the Seeds of Pharbitis nil. (2012)

Abstract Pharsyringaresinol (I), pharbilignoside (II) and the new phenylethanoid glycoside pharbiniloside (III) are isolated along with 22 known compounds.
Cloning, Mapping and Identification of the Aeromonas salmonicida fstA, fepA and irpA Genes, Encoding the 86, 82 and 74 kDa Iron-regulated Outer Membrane Proteins, Respectively. (1998)

Three iromps (iron-regulated outer membrane proteins) of Aeromonas salmonicida were identified by the use of specific antibodies together with Southern hybridization analysis and limited nucleotide sequencing of their genes. The results of these experiments together with a search of the international database for homologous sequences led to their identification as follows : 86 kDa iromp (FstA) as a Vibrio anguillarum Fat A homologue82 kDa iromp (FepA) as an Escherichia coli FepA homologue74 kDa iromp (IrpA) as an Escherichia coli Cir homologue
Insights of sex determination and differentiation from medaka as a teleost model. (2017)

The mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fish are highly divergent with a broad range of gonadal differentiation types from hermaphroditism to gonochorism. Multiple triggers regulate the process of sexual differentiation including genetic or environmental factors (temperature, light, hormones and/or pH value, etc.). In recent years, with the advances of molecular technologies and genetic engineering approaches, there are significant breakthroughs in identifying the master genes of vertebrate sex determination and differentiation. In this review, we explore the fundamental and molecular mechanisms underlying the sexual differentiation in teleost fish, using medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model. We focus on the male pathways and factors, particularly on dmrt1, gsdf and amh genes involved in testicular differentiation, sexual reversal and plasticity. It is anticipated that new techniques will likely be developed in the field of sex manipulations and monosex breeding for fish aquaculture in the future.
Diagnosis of Inadvertent Cannulation of the Azygos Vein During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2010)

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass demands diligence and attention to detail to prevent neurologic injury. Arterial and venous cannulae are used to facilitate cardiopulmonary bypass. The assessment of adequate decompression of the venous circulation is an essential duty of the cardiac surgical team. Modalities for the assessment of adequate regional venous drainage are limited, however communication between the team and increased awareness of certain pathologic states can be useful. These modalities include cerebral oximetry and superior vena caval pressure monitoring, which were employed during a case with bicaval venous cannulation. Malposition of the superior vena cava cannula was detected after a series of events alerted the team that superior vena cava drainage may be compromised.