gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization to polycrystalline silicon films by underwater laser annealing and its application to thin film transistors (2012)

We performed crystallization of an amorphous silicon by laser irradiation in flowing deionized-water where Nd: YAG THG laser (wave length = 355 nm) was used for annealing. As the results, we demonstrated that the underwater laser annealing (WLA) leads to giant- and uniform-grain growth as compared to laser annealing in air (LA). It is thought that the homogenization of the temperature distribution within the Si films enhances grain growth. In addition, we successfully fabricated the poly-Si TFTs with the use of WLA poly-Si as the channel layer. The output and the transfer characteristics were clearly obtained, and thus we succeeded in the TFT operation.
Synthesis of Highly Active Ruthenium Indenylidene Complexes for Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization and Ring‐Opening‐Metathesis Polymerization (2003)

Two catalysts for the price of one: Air-stable ruthenium complexes 1 and 2 (L=PCy, 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) are catalyst precursors for the atom-transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. The catalytic activity is increased when the analogous cationic 14-electron complexes are used. Unusually, these complexes also show a very high activity for the ring-opening-metathesis polymerization of low-strain cyclic olefins.
Application of the Sliding-Mode Controller to Optical Disk Drives (2004)

The Blu-ray Disc system is considered to be the next-generation optical disk system following the digital versatile disc system. The system has a high numerical aperture and a narrow track, so improved performance is needed for the servo system. A conventional pickup control based on a linear servo system is limited in the improvement of the servo performance. We have investigated a new approach to realizing high accuracy, high speed, and high robustness. One of the new servo systems is the sliding mode controller. We applied the sliding mode controller to the optical disk drive, and we proposed an effective utilization of it. We experimentally confirmed that the sliding mode controller had sufficient playability, which means trace accuracy, accessability, and defect resistance. The sliding mode controller is a promising system for realizing further playability of the high-density optical disk system.
Stable transmission and expression of the hepatitis B virus total genome in hybrid transgenic mice until F10 generation (2006)

The aim of the present study was the generation of transgenic mice carrying the complete Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) genome and investigation of the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression through successive generations. Transgenic mice were generated by microinjecting HBV genome into fertilized eggs. Integration and expression of HBsAg in transgenic mice were analyzed by genomic DNA PCR, Southern and slot blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression was also confirmed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Histological changes in liver tissue of transgenic mice were examined by HE staining. The HBV genome was transmitted to the F10 generation and the presence of HBV X gene transcripts was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis using liver cDNAs from the F10 generation mice. During an observation period of 2.5 years, mice were sacrificed and their organs subjected to histopathological examination. In the liver, slight histopathologic alterations were observed but none of these lineages had any hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV DNA can be stably transmitted and expressed in the transgenic mice until F10 generation. However, although we showed the presence of X gene transcripts in liver tissues of F10 generation mice by RT-PCR in these animals, long-term expression of the HBV complete genome and expression of X protein in hepatocytes did not cause neoplasia during the life span and HCC. These transgenic mice should be useful for detailed studies of the replication and expression of HBV and for physiological studies of HBV genome.
Curing mechanism, heat resistance, and anticorrosion properties of a furan/methyl phenyl silicone coating (2018)

A coating composed by methyl phenyl silicone resin (PSi) and furan resin (FR) was prepared, and its curing mechanism, heat resistance, and anticorrosion properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, electrochemical test, and chemical resistance test. Aldol condensation reaction between FR and PSi occurred at below 200°C, and PSi underwent self‐multidehydrogenation at above 200°C. These curing reactions gave excellent thermal stability and anticorrosion properties. Compared with pure PSi, the blended containing lower than 20 wt% FR had better thermal properties, manifested as over 390°C of 5 wt% weight loss temperature and over 40% of char yield at 800°C. The adhesion property of cured blended system on the metal surface reached the first level which exceeded that of pure PSi coating (the third level). Furthermore, the corrosion resistances of coating in acid, alkali, and salt environments were all improved compared with those of monomeric polymer coating. The impedance of blended coating in 3.5% NaCl solution decreased with increasing FR content, which was 1.8 × 10 6 Ω cm 2 when the FR content was 40%, being higher than that of pure PSi coating (7.12 × 10 5 Ω cm 2 ). This was mainly due to the formation of a cross‐linked network structure based on Si―O―C bond and the enhanced adhesion of cured blended coating. In addition, the surface roughness of cured blended coating was below 2.0 μm, which may have a positive effect on drag reduction in real applications.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Secondary and α‐Tertiary Piperazin‐2‐ones and Piperazines by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation (2014)

The asymmetric palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of differentially N-protected piperazin-2-ones allows the synthesis of a variety of highly enantioenriched tertiary piperazine-2-ones. Deprotection and reduction affords the corresponding tertiary piperazines, which can be employed for the synthesis of medicinally important analogues. The introduction of these chiral tertiary piperazines resulted in imatinib analogues which exhibited comparable antiproliferative activity to that of their corresponding imatinib counterparts.
Bistable Black Electrochromic Windows Based on the Reversible Metal Electrodeposition of Bi and Cu (2017)

Optically tunable windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition are an exciting alternative to static lighting control methods such as blinds and shades. In this Letter, we study reversible Bi/Cu electrodeposition on Pt-modified transparent conducting electrodes for electrochromic applications. Spectroelectrochemical measurements combined with scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the electrolytic Bi:Cu ratio drastically affects the electrode switching speed and electrodeposit morphology, which we propose is due to the galvanic displacement of Bi by Cu+. These findings allow us to construct 25 cm2 black dynamic windows with reversibly tunable transmission at fast switching speeds. This rapid cycling can be maintained over 1000 cycles without degradation in contrast or uniformity. Finally, the Bi–Cu windows consume no power to maintain either their transparency or opacity, making them promising candidates for energy-efficient devices. Their combination of fast switching, color neutrality, durable cycling, and dual-state resting stability make dynamic windows based on Bi–Cu reversible electrodeposition promising and competitive alternatives to traditional electrochromic materials.
Data from Functional TLR5 Genetic Variants Affect Human Colorectal Cancer Survival (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Toll-like receptors (TLR) are overexpressed on many types of cancer cells, including colorectal cancer cells, but little is known about the functional relevance of these immune regulatory molecules in malignant settings. Here, we report frequent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the flagellin receptor TLR5 and the TLR downstream effector molecules MyD88 and TIRAP that are associated with altered survival in a large cohort of Caucasian patients with colorectal cancer (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 613). &lt;i&gt;MYD88&lt;/i&gt; rs4988453, a SNP that maps to a promoter region shared with the acetyl coenzyme-A acyl-transferase-1 (&lt;i&gt;ACAA1&lt;/i&gt;), was associated with decreased survival of patients with colorectal cancer and altered transcriptional activity of the proximal genes. In the &lt;i&gt;TLR5&lt;/i&gt; gene, rs5744174/F616L was associated with increased survival, whereas rs2072493/N592S was associated with decreased survival. Both rs2072493/N592S and rs5744174/F616L modulated TLR5 signaling in response to flagellin or to different commensal and pathogenic intestinal bacteria. Notably, we observed a reduction in flagellin-induced p38 phosphorylation, CD62L shedding, and elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β mRNA in human primary immune cells from TLR5 616LL homozygote carriers, as compared with 616FF carriers. This finding suggested that the well-documented effect of cytokines like IL-6 on colorectal cancer progression might be mediated by &lt;i&gt;TLR5&lt;/i&gt; genotype-dependent flagellin sensing. Our results establish an important link between TLR signaling and human colorectal cancer with relevance for biomarker and therapy development. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 73(24); 7232–42. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Circuitry Rewiring Directly Couples Competence to Predation in the Gut Dweller Streptococcus salivarius (2018)

Small distortions in transcriptional networks might lead to drastic phenotypical changes, especially in cellular developmental programs such as competence for natural transformation. Here, we report a pervasive circuitry rewiring for competence and predation interplay in commensal streptococci. Canonically, in streptococci paradigms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans, the pheromone-based two-component system BlpRH is a central node that orchestrates the production of antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins) and incorporates signal from the competence activation cascade. However, the human commensal Streptococcus salivarius does not contain a functional BlpRH pair, while the competence signaling system ComRS directly couples bacteriocin production and competence commitment. This network shortcut might underlie an optimal adaptation against microbial competitors and explain the high prevalence of S. salivarius in the human digestive tract. Moreover, the broad spectrum of bacteriocin activity against pathogenic bacteria showcases the commensal and genetically tractable S. salivarius species as a user-friendly model for competence and bacterial predation.
Local Co structure in epitaxialCoxTi1−xO2−xanatase (2003)

We have used Co K-shell near-edge and extended x-ray absorption fine structure to investigate the charge state and local structure surrounding Co in epitaxial Co-doped ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ anatase grown on ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}(001).$ Co is in the +2 formal oxidation state throughout the film, and substitutes for Ti in the lattice, creating a nearby oxygen vacancy in the process. There is no evidence for either elemental Co or CoO in the films.
PbSe Quantum Dot Field-Effect Transistors with Air-Stable Electron Mobilities above 7 cm2 V–1 s–1 (2013)

PbSe quantum dot (QD) field effect transistors (FETs) with air-stable electron mobilities above 7 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) are made by infilling sulfide-capped QD films with amorphous alumina using low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD). This high mobility is achieved by combining strong electronic coupling (from the ultrasmall sulfide ligands) with passivation of surface states by the ALD coating. A series of control experiments rule out alternative explanations. Partial infilling tunes the electrical characteristics of the FETs.
A Clinical and Histopathologic Study of Jugular Bulb Abnormalities (2012)

Jugular bulb abnormalities can erode into the vestibular aqueduct, facial nerve, and the posterior semicircular canal. While symptoms may include pulsatile tinnitus, vertigo, or conductive hearing loss, in contrast to earlier reports, half of the patients were asymptomatic. Dehiscence of vestibular aqueduct rarely leads to clinical or histologic hydrops. The VEMP testing was useful in confirming the presence of inner ear dehiscence due to JBAs. Because the natural history of JBAs is unknown, these patients should be followed closely to evaluate for progression of the JBA or development of symptoms.
Comparative metabolite profiling of the phloem saps of maize, tomato and Arabidopsis plants (2015)

In higher plants, two vascular tissues, phloem and xylem, are responsible for the transport of water, minerals and nutrients between organs. The xylem transports water and minerals absorbed by the roots and the phloem transports from source to sink organs photoassimilates synthesized in the photosynthetic leaves. The phloem is essential for higher plants in many developmental and physiological processes. It not only provides the route for the distribution of assimilates but also redistribute mineral nutrients. Additionally, the phloem is essential for sending information between distant plant organs and steering developmental and defence processes. For example, flowering and tuberization time are controlled by phloem-mobile signals and important defence reactions on the whole plant level, like systemic acquired resistance or systemic gene silencing, are spread through the phloem. In addition, recent results demonstrate that also the allocation of mineral nutrients is coordinated by phloem mobile signaling molecules. However, in many studies the important analysis of phloem sap is neglected, probably because the content of sieve tubes is not easy to access. We used the EDTA-facilitated exudation method to collect the phloem sap from three plant species, Maize, Tomato and Arabidopsis. The metabolites present in the samples were analysed by GC-MS or GC-TOF to determine the range of metabolites present in the phloem sap. We detected more than 50 metabolites, including sugars, amino acids and organic acids. Because of an intrinsic biological variability in the efficiency of exudation depending on the plant samples, we developed a method for the normalisation and the statistical analysis of the phloem sap metabolite profiles. This study showed that for each species, there is a significant conservation of the phloem sap content, revealing the strong physical and physiological constraints on phloem transport. However we observed important differences in the phloem sap metabolic profiles between plant species, showing different strategies for the allocation of sugars and amino acids between organs.
Crystallization of Prussian Blue Analogs beneath Langmuir Films (2002)

A positively charged monolayer spread at the gas−water interface was used to induce the crystallization of Prussian Blue derivatives. The interfacial crystal nucleation and growth lead to nanocubes oriented parallel to the interface. Such processes appear at much lower concentrations of the precursor ions than in bulk. These experiments open new opportunities for selecting the crystalline phases of various molecular materials.
Thiol agents separate nitric oxide formation from vasodilation induced by glyceryl trinitrate. (1998)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) and thiol-containing compounds in glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)-induced vasodilation was investigated using the thiol-alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Bovine pulmonary artery (BPA) rings were submaximally contracted with K+ and exposed to increasing concentrations of GTN after a 30-min incubation with 50 microM NEM. NEM decreased maximal relaxation (10 microM GTN) by 20%, compared with controls. Treatment with 5 mM L-cysteine for 30 min before incubation with 50 microM NEM (protection protocol) prevented this decrease in GTN-induced relaxation, but 5 mM D-cysteine did not. Treatment of BPA rings with 5 mM L-cysteine after NEM treatment (reversal protocol) did not reverse the effect of NEM to decrease relaxation inducible by GTN. NO production from 30 microM GTN (chemiluminescence-headspace gas method) in the presence of BPA strips was 46.7 +/- 19.4 pmol NO/g tissue after 10 min of incubation and 76.4 +/- 10.4 pmol NO/g tissue after 20 min. After a 30-min incubation with 50 microM NEM, NO was not detected at either time point. NO production from GTN by BPA strips, with either the protection or reversal protocol, was elevated approximately 2-fold at both time points, compared with controls. No increase in NO production from GTN was observed at either time point for tissues treated with 5 mM D-cysteine using the same protocols. These results are consistent with the concept that thiol compounds play a role in the mechanism of GTN-induced vasodilation, but they indicate that the mechanism of action of GTN and other organic nitrates is more complex than their acting as immediate prodrugs of NO.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of cell nuclei, internalized quantum dots and sites of lipid peroxidation. (2006)

This study provides an approach to 3-D organelle and nanoparticle visualization in the context of cell death; however, this approach is also applicable more generally to investigating changes in organelle morphology in response to therapeutic interventions, stressful stimuli and internalized nanoparticles. Moreover, the approach provides quantitative data for such changes, which will help us to better integrate compartmentalization of subcellular events and to link morphological and biochemical changes with physiological outcomes.
Uniport of Monoanionic L‐malate in Membrane Vesicles from Leuconostoc Oenos (1994)

L-malate transport was studied in membrane vesicles from Leuconostoc oenos MLE(-) (mutant lacking malolactic enzyme) which were fused with liposomes containing beef heart cytochrome c oxidase as a proton-motive-force-generating system. In these hybrid membranes, accumulation of L-malate was observed in response to a pH gradient (delta pH), with the inside alkaline, but was strongly inhibited by a membrane potential (delta psi) of normal polarity (inside negative). Imposition of a delta psi, with the inside positive, by means of valinomycin-mediated potassium influx, resulted in a rapid accumulation of L-malate, indicating that L-malate was taken up in an anionic form. The results are consistent with a uniport mechanism facilitating the uptake of monoanionic L-malate, the dominant species at the low pH of the experiments. Kinetic analysis of delta pH-driven L-malate uptake in the pH range 3.0-5.8, yielded apparent affinity constants that varied less than twofold when calculated on the basis of the concentrations of monoanionic L-malate, whereas the values differed 2-3 orders of magnitude for the other species. At L-malate concentrations above 1 mM, a non-saturable transport component became apparent which may reflect passive influx of L-malic acid. Substrate specificity studies indicated that citrate and L-malate (and possibly D-lactate and L-lactate) compete for a single general carboxylate transport system. The carboxylate transport system catalysed homologous L-malate and heterologous L-malate/citrate exchange with rates similar to the rate of L-malate efflux. Since metabolic energy is conserved during malolactic fermentation in L. oenos, the underlying mechanism most likely involves electrogenic monoanionic L-malate uptake, in combination with H+ consumption in the cytoplasm, followed by diffusion outwards of lactic acid plus carbon dioxide.
Effects of chidamide and its combination with decitabine on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cell lines. (2018)

Chidamide, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), shows anticancer ability against leukemia and solid tumors. Decitabine (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC), an anti-leukemic drug, is effective in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In our study, we investigated the anti-leukemic ability of chidamide, as well as its combination with decitabine in leukemia cells (HL60 and NB4). The results showed that the inhibitive effect of chidamide was dose- and time-dependent at concentration of 0.25-8 μM. The proliferation of HL60 and NB4 cells were significantly inhibited by chidamide or its combination with decitabine. The combination had a remarkable synergistic anti-leukemic effect. Chidamide increased the levels of acetylated histone H3 in both HL60 and NB4 cells by effectively inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC) enzymatic activities. The cells were blocked in G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase by chidamide, but when chidamide was combined with decitabine, the cell cycle was mainly blocked in G<sub>2</sub>/M phase, accompanied by the induction of p21 expression. In both cases (chidamide or chidamide combined with decitabine), apoptosis of tumor cells was induced through up-regulation of Bax and Caspase-3, and down-regulation of Bcl-2, showing a synergistic cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results suggested that chidamide in combination with decitabine might be an effective therapy for AML.
The samarium Grignard reaction. In situ formation and reactions of primary and secondary alkylsamarium(III) reagents (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe samarium Grignard reaction. In situ formation and reactions of primary and secondary alkylsamarium(III) reagentsDennis P. Curran and Michael J. TotlebenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 15, 6050–6058Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00041a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00041a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2429Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Medium Voltage DC Testbed: A Hardware Based Tool to Integrate DC Microgrids/Nanogrids to the Utility Infrastructure (2018)

the futuristic distribution system which is one of the basic smart grid concepts can be viewed as a cluster of microgrids/nanogrids composed of a cluster of distributed energy resources (DER). In addition to, the exponential development of solid state transformers technology which makes it possible to directly integrate the microgrids/nanogrids to the medium voltage (MV) part of the power grid. The MVDC network facilitates the integration of DC microgrids/nanogrids clusters to the AC grid. However, this necessitates the research institutions to develop laboratory equipment to validate the hardware developed to work on the MV levels. This paper presents a design of a scaled-down MV DC laboratory testbed. The proposed system is based on Power Electronic Transformers (PETs) to provide the high step-up ratio of voltage without occupying much space. This MV DC testbed is a laboratory setup that provides a power source and a power sink for any DC hardware to be tested in the MV range. The proposed system is evaluated through Matlab Simulink simulations.