gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La aplicación de competencias de subtitulación en asignaturas de traducción no audiovisuales de los estudios de grado en Traducción e Interpretación (2020)

Esta tesis se enmarca en el campo de la formacion de traductores y se centra en el empleo de la subtitulacion interlinguistica activa como una herramienta didactica en asignaturas de traduccion del grado en Traduccion e Interpretacion. Diversos estudios han demostrado la validez pedagogica de este recurso en el campo de la ensenanza de lenguas extranjeras. Sin embargo, aunque la subtitulacion es una modalidad de TAV que ya se ensena en las universidades con la finalidad de formar subtituladores profesionales, aun son pocas las investigaciones que abordan su empleo como una herramienta didactica en el ambito de la formacion de traductores. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio es comprobar la validez de la subtitulacion interlinguistica activa y analizar su nivel de implantacion en asignaturas de traduccion no audiovisuales como un recurso didactico que permite desarrollar la competencia traductora de los estudiantes. En esta tesis se lleva a cabo un estudio empirico basado en la realizacion de cuestionarios, entrevistas y actividades de subtitulacion cuyos resultados demuestran que, a pesar de que la aplicacion de competencias de subtitulacion en asignaturas de traduccion no audiovisuales aun es baja, la subtitulacion es una herramienta pedagogica valida que permite trabajar distintas competencias generales y especificas dentro del aula de traduccion.
Self trapping of optical beams in photorefractive materials (1992)

We explore the recently discovered spatial solitons in photorefractive materials, 1 where the shape of a light beam modulates the refractive index via the photorefractive effect, and results in an exact compensation for the effects of diffraction, causing the light beam to be self trapped. We study the spectrum of the possible soliton solutions and their characteristics. We derive the material properties and the magnitude of the externally applied electric field, required for experimental demonstrations. Finally, we discuss the unique properties of these photorefractive solitons, such as their independence of the absolute light intensity and their ability to afford gain (or loss).
The IL-13 receptor structure differs on various cell types and may share more than one component with IL-4 receptor (1997)

We have reported on the expression and characteristics of IL-13R and have demonstrated that IL-13 competes for IL-4 binding while IL-4 did not compete for the IL-13 binding on some cell types. Based on these observations, and the size of IL-13 and IL-4 cross-linked proteins, we concluded that the receptor for IL-13 is complex and shares a subunit with the receptor for IL-4. To explore the complexity of the IL-13R, a wide variety of cell types was examined for IL-13 and IL-4 binding. We report in this work that IL-4 does not always bind well to cells that bind IL-13, but the reverse is also true. We also found that IL-4 can compete more effectively for IL-13 binding than IL-13 itself. Cross-linking studies support these observations and demonstrate that 125I-labeled IL-13 bound exclusively to a single 65- to 70-kDa protein in MA-RCC and U251 cells, while in TF-1 cells it cross-linked to two membrane proteins of 65 to 70 kDa and 140 kDa. Furthermore, by using a chimeric protein composed of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin A, we observed that IL-4 neutralized the cytotoxicity of the IL-13 toxin on COS-7 cells by blocking a common form of the two cytokine receptors. We propose that the 65- to 70-kDa form of the IL-13R is the predominant common component shared between IL-13 and IL-4R. However, the primary IL-4 binding (p140) protein also participates in the formation of the IL-13R complex in some cell types. In addition, the gamma(c) or another interactive subunit may influence IL-13 binding to its receptor complex. Thus, we propose that there are at least four forms of IL-13R.
Testing predictions of the programmed and stochastic theories of aging: Comparison of variation in age at death, menopause, and sexual maturation (2012)

One of the arguments against aging being programmed is the assumption that variation in the timing of aging-related outcomes is much higher compared to variation in timing of the events programmed by ontogenesis. The main objective of this study was to test the validity of this argument. To this aim, we compared absolute variability (standard deviation) and relative variability (coefficient of variation) for parameters that are known to be determined by the developmental program (age at sexual maturity) with variability of characteristics related to aging (ages at menopause and death). We used information on the ages at sexual maturation (menarche) and menopause from the nationally representative survey of the adult population of the United States (MIDUS) as well as published data for 14 countries. We found that coefficients of variation are in the range of 8-13% for age at menarche, 7-11% for age at menopause, and 16-21% for age at death. Thus, the relative variability for the age at death is only twice higher than for the age at menarche, while the relative variability for the age at menopause is almost the same as for the age at menarche.
Tympanic Membrane Perforation After Combat Blast Exposure in Iraq: A Poor Biomarker of Primary Blast Injury (2009)

Both TM perforation and PBI are rare with improvised explosive devices and other explosive devices in the current Iraqi-US conflict. Contrary to previous belief and management guidelines, TM perforation had low sensitivity for serious or occult PBI and was not a good biomarker. On the basis of the findings of this study, the absence of TM perforation does not appear to exclude other serious PBI.
A Practical and Economical High-Yielding, Six-Step Sequence Synthesis of a Flavone: Application to the Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Ladanein (2014)

Herein we report a short and economic synthesis of the antiviral flavonoid lead ladanein (1). Ladanein is obtained from 2,6-dimethoxyquinone (11) in six steps with 51% overall yield. After a high-yielding reductive acetylation and Fries rearrangement, the flavone skeleton is built by means of a Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement. Throughout the synthetic pathway no chromatographic columns were used, and the reaction products were isolated and purified by optimized work-up and crystallization processes. This new process has been tested on a multigram-scale with an improved overall yield from 16 to 51% through six steps, and three chromatographic purifications used in the earlier synthesis were eliminated.
Neighboring boron in a concerted electrophilic displacement (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeighboring boron in a concerted electrophilic displacementDonald S. Matteson and Peter G. AlliesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 6, 1801–1803Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00709a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00709a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature Sensor in a Flexible Substrate (2011)

This paper presents the fabrication and measured performance of temperature sensors embedded in flexible polyimide substrates. The sensing material used for the temperature sensor was undoped amorphous silicon which was fabricated on a 35-m-thick layer of polyimide that serves as the flexible substrate. Another flexible polyimide superstrate layer of 35-40 m was spin-coated on top of the sensors to make sure the temperature sensors lie on a zero stress plane. The temperature coefficient of resistance was measured over the temperature range of 200- 360 K. The maximum temperature coefficient of resistance at 30 C was measured to be 0.0288 K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The effect of the flicker noise and voltage dependence of the voltage noise power spectral density exhibited by the sensor was evaluated. The normalized flicker noise coefficient was found to be 1.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> .
Data from An Improved Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Strategy for Imaging Intracellular Events in Single Cells and Living Subjects (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is currently used for monitoring various intracellular events, including protein-protein interactions, in normal and aberrant signal transduction pathways. However, the BRET vectors currently used lack adequate sensitivity for imaging events of interest from both single living cells and small living subjects. Taking advantage of the critical relationship of BRET efficiency and donor quantum efficiency, we report generation of a novel BRET vector by fusing a GFP&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; acceptor protein with a novel mutant &lt;i&gt;Renilla&lt;/i&gt; luciferase donor selected for higher quantum yield. This new BRET vector shows an overall 5.5-fold improvement in the BRET ratio, thereby greatly enhancing the dynamic range of the BRET signal. This new BRET strategy provides a unique platform to assay protein functions from both single live cells and cells located deep within small living subjects. The imaging utility of the new BRET vector is shown by constructing a sensor using two mammalian target of rapamycin pathway proteins (FKBP12 and FRB) that dimerize only in the presence of rapamycin. This new BRET vector should facilitate high-throughput sensitive BRET assays, including studies in single live cells and small living subjects. Applications will include anticancer therapy screening in cell culture and in small living animals. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7175–83]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections involved in the neoplastic process of the uterine cervix as established by prospective follow-up of 513 women for two years. (1987)

A total of 513 women with cervical HPV infections have been followed-up since 1981 (mean 25.6 months) to establish the biological potential of HPV in cervical carcinogenesis. On each attendance, the patients were subjected to colposcopy accompanied by Papanicolaou (PAP) smears and/or punch biopsies. The latter were analysed for HPV particles on TEM, for the cytopathic changes of HPV, as well as for HPV structural proteins. The local immunocompetent cell (ICC) infiltrates are enumerated using ANAE-technique to define B-, MPS- and T cells, and monoclonal antibodies for T cell subsets, NK and K cells and Langerhans cells. HPV DNA typing was accomplished by Southern blot and spot hybridization using the DNA probes for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18. Antibody titres for HSV were measured, and Chlamydia trachomatis isolations completed in cervical swabs. No correlation with the clinical course, e.g. regression (RE), persistence (PE), progression (PR) or recurrence (RC) of the HPV lesions could be established for the following factors; expression of HPV antigens, presence of HPV particles on TEM, Chlamydia in cervical swabs, the levels of HSV antibodies, and the levels of the ICCs. The OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio, however, was inversely correlated with PR, being most markedly reduced in recurrent lesions. Of the 513 lesions, 24.8% regressed, 59.8% remained persistent, and 14.1% progressed, 11.9% having been coned due to progression into CIS. So far, 1.1% of lesions have recurred after such a treatment. The progression rate was highest (45.5%) in HPV 16 lesions, followed by that (27.3%) in HPV 18 lesions, as contrasted to 0% and 13.3% for HPV 6 and 11, respectively. The results clearly confirm that cervical HPV infections are capable of progressing into CIS and thus show a natural history equivalent to that of classical CIN. The inherent potential of HPV 16 and HPV 18 lesions for clinical progression was clearly established, supporting the concept on HPV 16 and HPV 18 as the high risk HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis.
Synthesis of and Fluorescent Imaging with a Polymer Having t-BOC-Protected Quinizarin Moieties (1999)

Finely resolved fluorescent images can be generated from a non-fluorescent precursor polymer film via photolithography. The synthesis of the precursor polymer from methyl methacrylate and the t-BOC-protected quinizarin monomer shown in the Figure is reported as is the method for subsequent deprotection of the polymer and the generation of patterned color and fluorescent images.
Neural Substrates of Spontaneous Musical Performance: An fMRI Study of Jazz Improvisation (2008)

To investigate the neural substrates that underlie spontaneous musical performance, we examined improvisation in professional jazz pianists using functional MRI. By employing two paradigms that differed widely in musical complexity, we found that improvisation (compared to production of over-learned musical sequences) was consistently characterized by a dissociated pattern of activity in the prefrontal cortex: extensive deactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral orbital regions with focal activation of the medial prefrontal (frontal polar) cortex. Such a pattern may reflect a combination of psychological processes required for spontaneous improvisation, in which internally motivated, stimulus-independent behaviors unfold in the absence of central processes that typically mediate self-monitoring and conscious volitional control of ongoing performance. Changes in prefrontal activity during improvisation were accompanied by widespread activation of neocortical sensorimotor areas (that mediate the organization and execution of musical performance) as well as deactivation of limbic structures (that regulate motivation and emotional tone). This distributed neural pattern may provide a cognitive context that enables the emergence of spontaneous creative activity.
Series-Parallel Bounds for the Two-Terminal Reliability Problem (1989)

The two-terminal reliability problem for communication networks with unreliable links is a computationally difficult problem. Upper and lower bounds can be efficiently computed using graph-theoretical techniques based on edge-packing. We present a new technique for improving these bounds via approximation by series-parallel graphs. We also present some computational results for comparison with the known edge-packing bounds. INFORMS Journal on Computing, ISSN 1091-9856, was published as ORSA Journal on Computing from 1989 to 1995 under ISSN 0899-1499.
Progress on norovirus vaccine research: public health considerations and future directions (2018)

A norovirus vaccine should target high-risk populations, including the young and the elderly, and protect them against the most common circulating norovirus strains. A norovirus vaccine would be a powerful tool in the prevention and control of norovirus while lessening the burden of AGE worldwide. However, more robust burden and cost estimates are needed to justify investments in and guide norovirus vaccine development.
In Situ Treatment of Cyanide‐Contaminated Groundwater by Iron Cyanide Precipitation (1999)

Groundwater contamination with cyanide is common at many former or active industrial sites. Metal–cyanide complexes typically dominate aqueous speciation of cyanide in groundwater systems, with iron–cyanide complexes often most abundant. Typically, metal–cyanide complexes behave as nonadsorbing solutes In sand–gravel aquifer systems in the neutral pH range, rendering cyanide relatively mobile in groundwater systems. Groundwater pump–and–treat systems have often been used to manage cyanide contamination in groundwater. This study examined the feasibility of using in situ precipitation of iron cyanide in a reactive barrier to attenuate the movement of cyanide in groundwater. Laboratory column experiments were performed in which cyanide solutions were passed through mixtures of sand and elemental iron filings. Removal of dissolved cyanide was evaluated in a variety of cyanide–containing influents under various flow rates and sand‐to‐iron weight ratios. Long‐term column tests performed with various cyanide–containing influents under both oxic and anoxic conditions, at neutral pH and at flow rates typical of sand–gravel porous media, yielded effluent concentrations of total cyanide as low as 0.5 mg/L. Effluent cyanide concentrations achieved were close to the solubilities of Turnbull's blue–hydrous ferric oxide solid solutions, indicating co‐precipitation of the two solids. Maximum cyanide removal efficiency was achieved with approximately 10% by weight of iron in the sand‐iron mixtures; higher iron contents did not increase removal efficiency significantly. Results obtained indicate that in situ precipitation is a promising passive treatment approach for cyanide in groundwater.
Beiträge zur Chemie von 1.2.4‐Oxadiazolen mit C‐5‐Heteroatom‐Bindung, I. Herstellung N‐monosubstituierter Amidoxime (1970)

Abstract Die alkalische Hydrolyse von N 4 ‐Alkyl‐Δ 2‐ 1. 2. 4‐oxadiazolinonen‐(5) (4) , die durch Alkylierung der Δ 2‐ 1. 2. 4 ‐Oxadiazolinone‐(5) (2) zu erhalten sind, führt‐mit guten Ausbeuten zu N ‐monosubstituierten Amidoximen (3) .
Synthesis, electrical conductivity and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of polymers derived from NOPF6-doped XYZ-triheterocycles based on pyrrole, furan and thiophene (1993)

A series of triheterocycles; [graphic omitted] for X, Y, Z = OOO, SSS, SOS, SSO, OSO, SOO, O(N-Me)O, S(N-Me)O and S(N-Me)S have been synthesised; of these O(N-Me)O, SOO and S(N-Me)O are new. The triheterocycles were chemically polymerised and oxidised with NOPF6. Only the polymers derived from SSS, SOS and SSO show appreciable conductivities. EPR studies indicate the presence of polarons in SSS, SOS, SSO and, at lower concentrations, in OOO. All the samples appear to show an easily saturable EPR signal assigned to localised radicals. In OSO, SOO, O(N-Me)O, S(N-Me)O and S(N-Me)S this signal displays considerable asymmetry, and g-values significantly above the free electron value. S(N-Me)S shows a higher g-value consistent with a loss of planarity.
[Pathogenesis and prevention strategies of indirect injured cataract formation after vitrectomy]. (2007)

Vitrectomy has been widely used in medical practice, especially in treatment of diseases such as vitreous body diseases, retinal diseases and ocular injury. Epidemiological studies have indicated that under the circumstance of injuring the lens indirectly after vitrectomy, the incidence of nuclear cataract is obviously increasing, the mechanism and the prevention as well as cure of which is still the live topic in this field. Many studies had manifested that the main mechanism of the high incidence of cataract after vitrectomy included the physical and chemical changes of vitreous body, time of operation, age of patients, diseases of the eye, and uveitis after vitrectomy, etc. The most important factor is that vitrectomy increased oxygen exposure to the lens. Therefore, the measure of decreasing oxygen concentration and the treatment of Zinc-desferrioxamine may reduce the incidence of cataract, which provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of cataract after vitrectomy.
Symbiotic implications of type III protein secretion machinery in Rhizobium (1998)

The symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium sp. NGR234 carries a cluster of genes that encodes components of a bacterial type III secretion system (TTSS). In both animal and plant pathogens, the TTSS is an essential component of pathogenicity. Here, we show that secretion of at least two proteins (y4xL and NolX) is controlled by the TTSS of NGR234 and occurs after the induction with flavonoids. Polar mutations in two TTSS genes, rhcN and the nod-box controlled regulator of transcription y4xl, block the secretion of both proteins and strongly affect the ability of NGR234 to nodulate a variety of tropical legumes including Pachyrhizus tuberosus and Tephrosia vogelii.
ChemInform Abstract: Mononitration of Aromatic Compounds via Their Nitric Acid Salts. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
During negative selection, Nur77 family proteins translocate to mitochondria where they associate with Bcl-2 and expose its proapoptotic BH3 domain (2008)

Apoptosis accompanying negative selection is a central but poorly understood event in T cell development. The Nur77 nuclear steroid receptor and Bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family, are two molecules implicated in this process. However, how they relate to each other and how Nur77 induces apoptosis remain unclear. In thymocytes, Nur77 has been shown to induce cell death through a transcriptional-dependent pathway, but in cancer cell lines, Nur77 was reported to induce apoptosis through conversion of Bcl-2 into a killer protein at the mitochondria. Whether this Nur77 transcriptional-independent pathway actually occurs in vivo remains controversial. Using an optimized fractionation protocol for thymocytes, here we report that stimulation of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes results in translocation of Nur77 and its family member Nor-1 to the mitochondria, leading to their association with Bcl-2 and exposure of the Bcl-2 proapoptotic BH3 domain. In two T cell receptor transgenic models of negative selection, F5 and HY, a conformational change of the Bcl-2 molecule in the negatively selected T cell population was similarly observed. Thus, the Nur77 family and Bim pathways converge at mitochondria to mediate negative selection.
Search for neutral Higgs bosons in events with multiple bottom quarks at the Tevatron (2012)

The combination of searches performed by the CDF and D0 collaborations at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider for neutral Higgs bosons produced in association with $b$ quarks is reported. The data, corresponding to $2.6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity at CDF and $5.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at D0, have been collected in final states containing three or more $b$ jets. Upper limits are set on the cross section multiplied by the branching ratio varying between 44 pb and 0.7 pb in the Higgs boson mass range 90 to 300 GeV, assuming production of a narrow scalar boson. Significant enhancements to the production of Higgs bosons can be found in theories beyond the standard model, for example, in supersymmetry. The results are interpreted as upper limits in the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in a benchmark scenario favoring this decay mode.