gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new generation of retinoid drugs for the treatment of dermatological diseases (1997)

Dermatological diseases such as acne, psoriasis, and various skin cancers affect approximately 24 million people in the US (17 million acne, 6.4 million psoriasis and 0.7 million skin cancer). In many cases, particularly for acne and psoriasis, these diseases have exhibited favourable responses to single agent or adjuvant retinoid therapy. When administered as both chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents, they offer a viable alternative to classical cancer chemotherapy. Although retinoid treatment has shown considerable promise, certain side-effects have limited their utility for chronic administration. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in developing novel retinoids that exhibit improvements in the side-effect profile, particularly for diseases that require chronic administration. Retinoids are potent biological modulators that exert their effects through intracellular receptors (retinoic acid receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]) where they regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. Currently, using a combination of molecular biology and synthetic chemistry, efforts are underway to fully characterise the biological role of individual retinoid receptor subtypes. Using receptor-selective retinoids, recent discoveries have assisted in clarifying the mechanism and biological function of retinoids and their receptors. It now appears that the RARs are implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, whereas the RXRs function as modulators of programmed cell death or apoptosis. This suggests that diseases that are associated with abnormal proliferation and/or differentiation may be treatable with RAR active compounds. In fact, the data are supported by successful treatment of psoriasis, epithelial cancer and leukaemia with retinoids that preferentially activate the RARs. In contrast, retinoids that preferentially activate RXRs may be desirable for treatment of diseases for which enhancement of apoptosis is required. For example, they are potentially useful for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and as chemopreventive agents [1]. The mechanisms of action of these RXR mediated effects are under investigation. Finally, certain receptor subtypes are implicated in retinoid side-effects. For example, it has become increasingly evident that side-effects such as triglyceridaemia [2] and teratogenesis [3,4] can be correlated to activation of the RARs and not the RXR. These findings offer opportunities for developing a new generation of retinoids which exhibit improved therapeutic indices. Recently, novel treatment strategies have evolved including the application of receptor-selective synthetic retinoids, combination therapies with other hormones or chemotherapeutic agents, and novel formulations. This has resulted in a new generation of retinoids and retinoid treatments which are in clinical development and which exhibit improvements in the therapeutic index.
Sensitive Detection of Silver Ions Based on Chiroplasmonic Assemblies of Nanoparticles (2013)

The formation of an optically active plasmonic assembly through DNA recognition mediated by silver ions is reported, and a sensitive and selective chiroptical detection system is fabricated with a detection limit of approximately 2 pM for silver ions. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fluorometric Measurement of Yessotoxins in Shellfish by High-pressure Liquid Chroraatography (1997)

A rapid HPLC method with fluorescence detection of yessotoxin (YTX) and its two analogs (45-OHYTX and norYTX) in mussels and scallops is presented. A dienophile reagent, DMEQ-TAD, was used for fluorescence labeling. YTX was measured in the range 1-100 ng. The method confirmed the occurrence of YTX and 45-OHYTX for the first time in mussels from Chile and New Zealand.
Perfusion measured by laser speckle contrast imaging as a predictor for expansion of psoriasis lesions (2021)

Visualization of increased perilesional perfusion and perfusion inhomogeneity by noninvasive whole field LSCI holds potential for prediction of psoriatic lesion expansion. Furthermore, the HAPI is a feasible and patient-friendly tool.
Trends in the Reactivity of Molecular O2 with Copper Clusters: Influence of Size and Shape (2015)

The adsorption and dissociation of molecular O-2 on copper clusters of varying size and morphology (Cur with n = 3-8, 13, and 38 atoms) has been systematically investigated using several DFT approaches. Different modes of adsorption of molecular O-2 are found for each atomicity of the copper clusters, with their relative stability depending on the cluster morphology: bridge conformations are stabilized on planar clusters, while hollow h-100 and h-111 modes are preferentially formed on 3D clusters. O-2 adsorption energies correlate with the HOMO energy of the isolated copper clusters but not with their atomicity. On the other hand, the degree of activation of the O-O bond, and therefore the activation energy barrier necessary to break it, depends on the charge transferred to the lc* MO of O-2, which in turn is determined by the mode of adsorption of O-2 on the metal. Cluster morphology appears then as the key factor determining the catalytic activity of copper, since the most activating h-111 and h-100 adsorption modes leading to lower barriers are preferentially stabilized on 3D clusters, no matter their size. All computational levels considered, including periodic and molecular calculations, lead to similar trends and conclusions.
Enterovirus Infection and Progression From Islet Autoimmunity to Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

This novel observation suggests that progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes may increase after an enterovirus infection characterized by the presence of viral RNA in blood.
Post-stimulus fMRI and EEG responses: Evidence for a neuronal origin hypothesised to be inhibitory (2017)

Post-stimulus undershoots, negative responses following cessation of stimulation, are widely observed in functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data. However, the debate surrounding whether the origin of this response phase is neuronal or vascular, and whether it provides functionally relevant information, that is additional to what is contained in the primary response, means that undershoots are widely overlooked. We simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG), BOLD and cerebral blood-flow (CBF) [obtained from arterial spin labelled (ASL) fMRI] fMRI responses to hemifield checkerboard stimulation to test the potential neural origin of the fMRI post-stimulus undershoot. The post-stimulus BOLD and CBF signal amplitudes in both contralateral and ipsilateral visual cortex depended on the post-stimulus power of the occipital 8-13Hz (alpha) EEG neuronal activity, such that trials with highest EEG power showed largest fMRI undershoots in contralateral visual cortex. This correlation in post-stimulus EEG-fMRI responses was not predicted by the primary response amplitude. In the contralateral visual cortex we observed a decrease in both cerebral rate of oxygen metabolism (CMRO<sub>2</sub>) and CBF during the post-stimulus phase. In addition, the coupling ratio (n) between CMRO<sub>2</sub> and CBF was significantly lower during the positive contralateral primary response phase compared with the post-stimulus phase and we propose that this reflects an altered balance of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. Together our data provide strong evidence that the post-stimulus phase of the BOLD response has a neural origin which reflects, at least partially, an uncoupling of the neuronal responses driving the primary and post-stimulus responses, explaining the uncoupling of the signals measured in the two response phases. We suggest our results are consistent with inhibitory processes driving the post-stimulus EEG and fMRI responses. We therefore propose that new methods are required to model the post-stimulus and primary responses independently, enabling separate investigation of response phases in cognitive function and neurological disease.
Automatic multi-mode Lamb wave arrival time extraction for improved tomographic reconstruction (2004)

An ultrasonic signal processing technique is applied to multi-mode arrival time estimation from Lamb waveforms. The basic tool is a simplified timescale projection called a dynamic wavelet fingerprint (DWFP) which enables direct observation of the variation of features of interest in non-stationary ultrasonic signals. The DWFP technique was used to automatically detect and evaluate each candidate through-transmitted Lamb mode. The area of the DWFP was then used as a feature to distinguish false modes caused by noise and other interference from the true modes of interest. The set of estimated arrival times were then used as inputs for tomographic reconstruction. The Lamb wave tomography images generated with these estimated arrival times were able to indicate different defects in aluminium plates.
Video-Based Stress Level Measurement Using Imaging Photoplethysmography (2019)

In this paper, we propose a method for measuring stress levels using pulse rate variability features without any contact devices. Mental stress can be considered as a crucial factor which triggers mental diseases such as depression. In order to deal with the mental stress, many researchers tried to quantize the mental stress making full use of vital signs. However, contact sensors provides discomfort to people and the person who have skin irritation or damage are not able to attach the sensors. Instead of contact sensors, imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) is growing field of interest. Despite some papers are demonstrated the effectiveness of pulse rate variability (PRV), almost papers did not investigate the effectiveness of PRV analysis. Moreover, PRV analysis provides only binary classes which are relaxed or stress conditions. Therefore, the contribution of our paper are follows. First, we investigate the effectiveness of PRV measurement in each iPPG method and proposed method from 78 videos for benchmark. Second, we extracted multiple features from PRV parameters for measuring the stress levels, not binary classes. Third, the combination method of optical-based and spatial subspace rotation methods indicates the best accuracy in all previous iPPG methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of 1‐Phenyl‐1‐propyne with N‐ and O‐Pronucleophiles Using Polymer Supported Triphenylphosphine Palladium Complex as a Heterogeneous and Recyclable Catalyst. (2011)

Abstract Optimized conditions including the highly active catalyst system allow the allylation of amines and alcohols and even of less nucleophilic carboxylic acids.
An open trial of venlafaxine in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (1995)

Stimulant medications are the most widely accepted treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in spite of controversy over their use. Stimulants have consistently been shown to potentiate noradrenergic brain transmission, a property also characteristic of the recently marketed antidepressant venlafaxine. Eighteen adults who met the Utah Criteria for ADHD in adults were enrolled in an open trial of venlafaxine. Progress was monitored with a recently refined rating scale designed to measure change in adult patients with ADHD. Among the 11 patients who could tolerate the medication, 8 showed a good response that was well maintained. They responded to dosages of 50 to 150 mg/day, with an average dose of 96 mg. Seven of the 18 had difficulty tolerating venlafaxine's side effects. These data suggest that controlled trials should be conducted with venlafaxine for ADHD.
Contention-based reservation protocol in fibre optic local area network with passive star topology (1990)

A contention-based reservation protocol using a separate control channel for a fibre optic local area network (LAN) with a passive star topology and WDM technology is proposed. Its delay-throughput characteristic is investigated.
Erbium-doped all-fiber laser at 294 μm (2009)

We report what we believe is the first demonstration of laser emission at 2.94 microm in an erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser. The low-loss all-fiber Fabry-Perot laser cavity was formed by two fiber Bragg gratings of 90% and 15% reflectivities in a 6.6 m, 7 mol.% Er-doped double-clad fiber. A maximum cw output power of 5.2 W was measured, which is to our knowledge the highest reported to date for a diode-pumped laser at this wavelength. A coreless endcap was fused at the output fiber end to prevent its deterioration at high output powers. Our results, including the slope efficiency of 26.6% with respect to launched pump power, suggest that erbium could be a better alternative than holmium in the search for a replacement for the flashlamp-pumped Er:YAG at 2.94 microm.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Resistant Hypertension (2011)

ABPM constitutes a valuable tool in the diagnosis of RH. The identification of white coat RH and masked hypertension (which may fulfill or not the definition of RH) is of great importance in the clinical management of such patients. Moreover, the various ABPM components such as average BP values, circadian BP variability patterns, and ambulatory BP-derived indices, such as ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), add significantly to the risk stratification of RH. Lastly, ABPM may indicate the need for implementation of specific therapeutic strategies, such as chronotherapy, that is, administration-time dependent therapy, and the evaluation of their efficacy.
Disorders of Pigmentation (2012)

The disorders of skin pigmentation discussed in this chapter fall into two categories: disorders of hyperpigmentation (melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced hyperpigmentation, erythema dyschromicum perstans, lentigines, confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud, and Dowling-Degos disease) and disorders of hypopigmentation (vitiligo, albinism, piebaldism, and idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis). The definition, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment are discussed for each condition. Figures show examples of melasma, hyperpigmentation secondary to acne, vitiligo and its response to treatment with tacrolimus and with narrow-band ultraviolet B (UVB) light, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and piebaldism. A table lists therapeutic approaches to vitiligo. This chapter contains 182 references.
Digital processing of Seasat SAR data (2005)

The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), on board the Seasat-A satellite, provides an all-weather imaging capability which should prove useful in a number of remote sensing applications. Unlike optical (Landsat) data, the SAR data requires extensive two-dimensional, space variant signal processing before an image is formed. This paper describes the signal processing operations in a digital processor which has been built to produce images from the Seasat-A SAR data. It describes the operations of real-to-complex data conversion, range compression via fast convolution, matrix transformation of 40 MB disk arrays, range cell migration correction, look extraction via bandpass filtering, azimuth compression via fast convolution, interpolation and detection.
Adrenocorticotropin Induces Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 in Y1 Mouse Adrenocortical Tumor Cells (2003)

ACTH signaling pathway includes the action of both protein kinases, mainly cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A, PKA), and serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatases. MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a dual activity protein phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation of MAPK. To determine whether MKP-1 is a component of ACTH cascade, here we investigate the expression levels of MKP-1 gene in Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells under ACTH stimulation. ACTH transiently increased MKP-1 mRNA and protein levels. MKP-1 mRNA increase occurred at 30 min, peaked at 1 h (6-fold), and returned to basal levels thereafter. The ACTH-mediated mRNA increase was blunted by actinomycin D and enhanced by cycloheximide. A cell permeable cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, also transiently induced MKP-1 mRNA (4-fold) and the PKA inhibitor N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamid abolished this effect. In contrast, N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamid only partially reduced the effect of ACTH, suggesting the participation of PKA-independent mechanisms in the hormone-induced MKP-1 expression. In addition, we show that the rise in intracellular Ca(2+) and protein kinase C activation had a potent synergic effect on ACTH- and 8-bromo-cAMP-mediated MKP-1 induction. In summary, our findings demonstrate that MKP-1 is another component of ACTH signaling cascade and indicate that this hormone may potentially down-regulate MAPKs.
Ferroelectric/multiferroic self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposites: Current and future status (2021)

Even a century after the discovery of ferroelectricity, the quest for the novel multifunctionalities in ferroelectric and multiferroics continues unbounded. Vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs) offer a new avenue toward improved (multi)functionality, both for fundamental understanding and for real-world applications. In these systems, vertical strain effects, interfaces, and defects serve as key driving forces to tune properties in very positive ways. In this Perspective, the twists and turns in the development of ferroelectric/multiferroics oxide–oxide and unconventional metal–oxide VANs are highlighted. In addition, the future trends and challenges to improve classic ferroelectric/multiferroic VANs are presented, with emphasis on the enhanced functionalities offered by existing VANs, as well as those in emerging systems.
Donor selection for AML: do the KIR (2010)

How to select the donor when there is a choice of several HLA-matched donors? In this issue of Blood , Cooley and colleagues describe that matched donors with a favorable KIR gene content confer a significantly reduced risk of posttransplantation relapse in patients with AML.[1][1]

Allogeneic
Does Nitrogen Doping Enhance the Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes? (2022)

Single-entity electrochemistry measurements were used to compare the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by means of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2). All of the evidence showed that an electroactive surface oxygen functionality played the most important role in the catalysis process, not the nitrogen content.
Shoreline data analysis (2013)

In this dissertation, shoreline response to a storm is investigated, and two new empirical models for shoreline position change, over timescales of decades to centuries, are developed and compared with earlier empirical models. The new B-spline method and regularized-ST method avoid over-fitting of data, as predictions of future shoreline position can be wildly inaccurate if based on models that over-fit. They utilize a nondiagonal data covariance matrix, with correlations estimated from the data residuals, in order to carefully estimate the uncertainty of predictions, because uncertainty is as important to shoreline managers as the predictions themselves. The first part of the dissertation investigates storm behavior at Assateague Island, MD. Earlier work showed that inclusion of a transient storm function improved statistical modeling of historical shoreline data. Here, it is found that the shoreline response to a storm has not only a transient component, as in our earlier work, but also a persistent component, and that both are required to fit the data. The B-spline and regularized-ST methods focus on reducing model parameters in the alongshore direction. The traditional single transect (ST) method uses far more parameters than necessary because it assumes that long-term erosion/accretion varies independently at each alongshore location. The new models give shoreline change rates that vary more smoothly alongshore than ST rates do, but are generally consistent with rates from prior studies. Both new models successfully address problems with earlier models, notably Gibbs effect with polynomial basis functions and noise contamination with principal component basis functions.
Current-mode approaches to implementing hybrid analogue/digital Viterbi decoders (2002)

The add-compare-select (ACS) unit plays a key role in the complexity and speed of a Viterbi decoder. When this unit is realised using analogue circuit design techniques there is a substantial reduction in the number of transistors required compared to digital realisations. In addition, the use of analogue circuit design techniques can result in faster and less power dissipative Viterbi realisations. This paper describes a CMOS high-speed current-mode ACS circuit for use in R=1/n hybrid analogue/digital Viterbi decoders. Unlike previous analogue ACS designs, our proposed approach uses switched current techniques, and since no MOS capacitors are required, the decoder can be realised using an economical single-poly CMOS process.
Targeting the nuclear antigen 1 of Epstein-Barr virus to the human endocytic receptor DEC-205 stimulates protective T-cell responses (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) express many endocytic receptors that deliver antigens for major histocompatibility class (MHC) I and II presentation to CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, respectively. Here, we show that targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) to one of them, the human multilectin DEC-205 receptor, in the presence of the DC maturation stimulus poly(I:C), expanded EBNA1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells, and these lymphocytes could control the outgrowth of autologous EBV-infected B cells in vitro. In addition, using a novel mouse model with reconstituted human immune system components, we demonstrated that vaccination with alphaDEC-205-EBNA1 antibodies primed EBNA1-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells and also induced anti-EBNA1 antibodies in a subset of immunized mice. Because EBNA1 is the one EBV antigen that is expressed in all proliferating cells infected with this virus, our data suggest that DEC-205 targeting should be explored as a vaccination approach against symptomatic primary EBV infection and against EBV-associated malignancies.
Telomere Terminal G/C Strand Synthesis: Measuring Telomerase Action and C-Rich Fill-In (2011)

Telomerase is present in most human cancers, and proliferative stem cells including germline cells. Telomerase plays an essential role in tumorigenesis by maintaining/elongating telomeric DNA, and thus preventing the telomere shortening that results in replicative senescence. Understanding telomerase action in vivo has important implication for both cancer and aging, but there are not robust methods for monitoring telomerase action. By combining a series of cell biological and biochemical approaches, and taking advantage of the enzyme DSN that specifically cuts double-stranded DNA and releases the telomeric overhangs, we have developed a method to monitor telomerase action during one cell cycle. Here, we describe this method using HeLa carcinoma cells as an example.