gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estudo da multiplicidade de partículas carregadas em colisões centrais Pb+Pb a SNN = 2.76 TeV no experimento ATLAS (2012)

Tem sido demonstrado que os nucleons (prtons e nutrons), os principais componentes da matria existente na natureza, tm uma estrutura interna composta de quarks e glons. Ao contrrio dos eltrons e ftons cujas interaes so regidas pela fora eletromagntica descrita pela Eletrodinmica Quntica (QED), a fora predominante nos quarks e glons a fora nuclear forte, cuja teoria descrita pela Cromodinmica Quntica (QCD). De acordo com a QCD os hdrons, que incluem os nucleons, so compostos de arranjos de dois ou trs quarks, chamados de quarks de valncia os quais se encontram ligados por glons. Alm disso, os quarks no podem ser encontrados livres na natureza, um fenmeno conhecido como conf inamento [1]. Mas a QCD tambm prev que, se existerem condies sucientemente altas de temperatura e densidade de energia, a matria nuclear poderia ser desconf inada a uma fase de estados de quarks e glons assintoticamente livres, conhecido como o Plasma de Quarks e Glons (QGP) [2]. Acredita-se que o QGP o estado da matria que existiu por alguns pequenos segundos aps o "Big Bang". A QCD prope que a temperatura (T c ) e densidade crtica ( c ) para criar o QGP devem ser da ordem de: T c (150 -200)M eV ((1, 7 -2, 3) 10 12 K) 1 [3, 4, 5] e c (1 -2)GeV /f m 3 [3, 5] respectivamente. Pode-se dizer que T c deveria, 1 1K = 8, 621738 10 -5 eV 1
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Structures of the Tungstoborate Anions. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Follow-Up - Is it Time to Abandon Ultrasound? (2019)

Ultrasound is inferior to CT for detecting recurrent RCC. CT should be recognized as the standard diagnostic modality during post-operative surveillance, in contradiction to what is recommended in many guidelines.
The effects of thermal stimulation on clinical and experimental itch (1986)

In order to substantiate accidental observations on the influence of skin temperature on itch, and to elucidate a possible involvement of thermoreceptors in itch generation, the effects of thermostimulation on clinical and experimental itch were studied. Eighteen patients with atopic dermatitis rated the intensity of spontaneous itch on one of their forearms before, during, and after its immersion in a waterbath of either 10 degrees C or 45 degrees C. In 40 normal subjects itch was elicited by histamine topically applied to a 7 cm2 skin area of the volar forearm. Before and after histamine application thermal thresholds were recorded. Then the skin area was heated or cooled at a rate of 0.5 degrees C/sec and itch intensity was continuously rated. Cooling abolished itch in all patients and in most of the normal subjects. Heating produced less clear effects: in two-thirds of both patients and normal subjects itch disappeared or was reduced whereas in the others itch was aggravated. Usually after the end of thermostimulation the opposite changes in itch intensity occurred. In the normal subjects thermal thresholds were not significantly influenced by histamine. Over a certain temperature range itch and thermal sensations could coexist as separate modalities. The results indicate that changes in skin temperature have a marked influence on itch intensity. Whereas cooling seems to act directly on the sensory receptors mediating itch, warm stimuli could have a central inhibitory effect. A direct role of thermoreceptors in the generation of itch is improbable.
Improving the Generation of Decision Objectives (2010)

Real decision makers exhibit significant shortcomings in the generation of objectives for decisions that they face. Prior research has illustrated the magnitude of this shortcoming but not its causes. In this paper, we identify two distinct impediments to the generation of decision objectives: not thinking broadly enough about the range of relevant objectives, and not thinking deeply enough to articulate every objective within the range that is considered. To test these explanations and explore ways of stimulating a more comprehensive set of objectives, we present three experiments involving a variety of interventions: the provision of sample objectives, organization of objectives by category, and direct challenges to do better, with or without a warning that important objectives are missing. The use of category names and direct challenges with a warning both led to improvements in the quantity of objectives generated without impacting their quality; other interventions yielded less improvement. We conclude by discussing the relevance of our findings to decision analysis and offering prescriptive implications for the elicitation of decision objectives. In this version of the paper, “Improving the Generation of Decision Objectives” by Samuel D. Bond, Kurt A. Carlson, and Ralph L. Keeney, originally published online ahead of print March 10, 2010, the first panel heading of Figure 2 was corrected to read “Study 1 (Choice context = Dissertation),” as shown on page 243.
On the Optimal Solution of Large Linear Systems (1984)

The information-based study of the optimal solution of large linear systems is initiated by studying the case of Krylov information. Among the algorithms that use Krylov information are minimal residual, conjugate gradient, Chebyshev, and successive approximation algorithms. A "sharp" lower bound on the number of matrix-vector multiplications required to compute an å-approximation is obtained for any orthogonally invariant class of matrices. Examples of such classes include many of practical interest such as symmetric matrices, symmetric positive definite matrices, and matrices with bounded condition number. It is shown that the minimal residual algorithm is within at most one matrix-vector multiplication of the lower bound. A similar result is obtained for the generalized minimal residual algorithm. The lower bound is computed for certain classes of orthogonally invariant matrices. How the lack of certam properties (symmetry, positive definiteness) increases the lower bound is shown. A conjecture and a number of open problems are stated.
Single crystal spectroscopy and multiple structures from one crystal (MSOX) define catalysis in copper nitrite reductases (2022)

Many enzymes utilize redox-coupled centers for performing catalysis where these centers are used to control and regulate the transfer of electrons required for catalysis, whose untimely delivery can lead to a state incapable of binding the substrate, i.e., a dead-end enzyme. Copper nitrite reductases (CuNiRs), which catalyze the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide (NO), have proven to be a good model system for studying these complex processes including proton-coupled electron transfer (ET) and their orchestration for substrate binding/utilization. Recently, a two-domain CuNiR from a <i>Rhizobia</i> species (<i>Br</i><sup>2D</sup>NiR) has been discovered with a substantially lower enzymatic activity where the catalytic type-2 Cu (T2Cu) site is occupied by two water molecules requiring their displacement for the substrate nitrite to bind. Single crystal spectroscopy combined with MSOX (multiple structures from one crystal) for both the as-isolated and nitrite-soaked crystals clearly demonstrate that inter-Cu ET within the coupled T1Cu-T2Cu redox system is heavily gated. Laser-flash photolysis and optical spectroscopy showed rapid ET from photoexcited NADH to the T1Cu center but little or no inter-Cu ET in the absence of nitrite. Furthermore, incomplete reoxidation of the T1Cu site (∼20% electrons transferred) was observed in the presence of nitrite, consistent with a slow formation of NO species in the serial structures of the MSOX movie obtained from the nitrite-soaked crystal, which is likely to be responsible for the lower activity of this CuNiR. Our approach is of direct relevance for studying redox reactions in a wide range of biological systems including metalloproteins that make up at least 30% of all proteins.
Characterization of crosslinked electro-optic polyimides (1994)

The electro-optical properties of Ultradel R 9000D polyimides doped with DCM and DADC, a bis(carbazole) analog of DCM with improved thermal stability, are reported. Cure temperatures were restricted to 240 degree(s)C or less to minimize potential thermal degradation of these dyes. Low poling fields of 30 V/micrometers were used in these experiments and yielded r 13 coefficients in the 0.1 - 0.8 pm/V range. Photothermal deflection measurements of dye-doped Ultradel 9000D samples showed low optical absorption losses in systems cured at 175 degree(s)C, but losses exceeded 20 dB/cm in samples cured at 300 degree(s)C.
Sensor Models and Multisensor Integration (1988)

We maintain that the key to intelligent fusion of disparate sensory information is to provide an effective model of sensor capabilities. A sensor model is an abstraction of the actual sensing process. It describes the information a sensor is able to provide, how this information is limited by the environ ment, how it can be enhanced by information obtained from other sensors, and how it may be improved by active use of the physical sensing device. The importance of having a model of sensor performance is that capabilities can be esti mated a priori and, thus, sensor strategies developed in line with information requirements. We describe a technique for modeling sensors and the information they provide. This model treats each sensor as an individual decision maker, acting as a member of a team with common goals. Each sensor is considered as a source of uncertain geometric information, able to communicate to, and coordinate its activities with, other members of the sens ing team. We treat three components of this sensor model: the observation model, which describes a sensor's measure ment characteristics; the dependency model, which describes a sensor's dependence on information from other sources; and the state model, which describes how a sensor's observa tions are affected by its location and internal state. We show how this mechanism can be used to manipulate, communi cate, and integrate uncertain sensor observations. We show that these sensor models can deal effectively with cooperative, competitive, and complementary interactions between differ ent disparate information sources.
Exploration of Affective Illness (1976)

This report deals with a series of experimental approaches carried out in clinical studies to attempt to examine the role of amines in relationship to affective state and the mode of action of thymoleptic agents. Attempts have been made to examine enzymes, amines and other metabolites in biological fluids to assess the role of catecholamines and indoleamines in these disorders. Synthesis inhibitors were employed in studies where antidepressant drug-induced remission was initiated and the effect of two inhibitors was assessed on the clinical state. The results are presented and discussed in regard to the significance of the role of serotonin in depressive states and the action of thymoleptic agents.
Crystallization of Fats: Influence of Minor Components and Additives (2011)

Abstract Over the years, there has been a steady stream of publications on the influence that minor components and additives have on the physical properties of fat continuous systems. These have been reviewed here. Both indigenous and added components are taken into account. The various materials have been discussed, ranging from partial glycerides and phospholipids to esterified sugars and polyols. Within the publications in this area, the (sub‐)micron effects that these minor components have on nucleation, crystal growth, morphology, heat capacity and polymorphic stability have been described and discussed and, sometimes, explained. Similarly, the effects on a macroscopic level, such as visual aspects, melting profiles, post‐hardening and rheology have been the subject of research. Although limited compositional information, especially of additives, hinders appropriate discussions of the relevant mechanisms, some generic guidelines as to what type and strength of effect can be expected have been derived. As a general rule, a more significant influence is observed when the acyl group of the minor component (where present) is similar to those present in the fat itself. Additives may have different effects depending on the fat they are added to, their concentration and the temperature, especially with increasing undercooling (which typically reduces the effect of additives).
Exact inference after model selection via the Lasso (2013)

We develop a framework for inference after model selection based on the
Lasso. At the core of this framework is a result that characterizes the exact
(non-asymptotic) distribution of a pivot computed from the Lasso solution. This
pivot allows us to (i) devise a test statistic that has an exact
(non-asymptotic) $\unif(0,1)$ distribution under the null hypothesis that all
relevant variables have been included in the model, and (ii) construct valid
confidence intervals for the selected coefficients that account for the
selection procedure.
Transcriptional control of plant storage protein genes (1993)

The accumulation of plant storage proteins is controlled primarily by the transcriptional activation of their genes. Two classes of storage proteins, the zygotic or seed-specific, and the somatic, such as tuber proteins, have been studied. Gene expression analysis in transgenic plants has defined small regions of the promoters of such genes that are able to confer the appropriate patterns of expression. Protein-DNA interactions, both in vivo and in vitro, have revealed proteins that bind to regions implicated in expression, and these may be transcription factors. Promoter deletion analysis has determined the role of some of these DNA-binding proteins, such as in determining tissue-specificity or levels of expression. A common theme linking the expression of both classes of storage proteins is the involvement of metabolite levels in directly controlling gene expression.
The Marine-Derived Oligosaccharide Sulfate (MdOS), a Novel Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Combats Tumor Angiogenesis both In Vitro and In Vivo (2008)

Despite the emerging success of multi-targeted protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors in cancer therapy, significant side effects and resistance concerns seems to be avoided unlikely. The aim of the present study was to identify novel multi-targeting PTK inhibitors. The kinase enzymatic activities were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antiproliferative activities in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were evaluated by sulforhodamine (SRB) assay. The phosphorylation of kinases and their downstream molecules was probed by western blot analysis. The binding mode between MdOS and PTKs was profiled by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approach and molecular simulation. Tube formation assay, rat aortic ring method and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay were combined to illustrate the in vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenic effects. Results indicated that MdOS, a novel marine-derived oligosaccharide sulfate, exhibited a broad-spectrum PTK inhibitory action. At an enzymatic level, MdOS inhibited HER2, EGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR, c-Kit, FGFR1 and c-Src, with little impact on FGFR2. In cellular settings, MdOS inhibited phosphorylation of PTKs, exemplified by HER2, EGFR and VEGFR2, and downstream molecules of Erk1/2 and AKT. Further studies demonstrated that MdOS acted as an ATP-competitive inhibitor via directly binding to the residues of entrance rather than those of the ATP-binding pocket. Furthermore, MdOS inhibited proliferation and tube formation of HMECs, arrested microvessel outgrowth of rat aortic rings and hindered the neovascularization of chick allantoic membrane. Taken together, results presented here indicated that MdOS exhibited anti-angiogenic activity in a PTK-dependent manner and make it a promising agent for further evaluation in PTK-associated cancer therapy.
Machine learning-aided multidimensional phenotyping of Parkinson’s disease patient stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons (2022)

Summary Combining multiple Parkinson’s disease (PD) relevant cellular phenotypes might increase the accuracy of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) in vitro models. We differentiated patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a LRRK2 G2019S mutation, isogenic control and genetically unrelated iPSCs into mDA neurons. Using automated fluorescence microscopy in 384-well plate format, we identified elevated levels of α-synuclein and Serine 129 phosphorylation (pS129), reduced dendritic complexity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Next, we measured additional image-based phenotypes and used machine learning (ML) to accurately classify mDA neurons according to their genotype. Additionally, we show that chemical compound treatments, targeting LRRK2 kinase activity or α-synuclein levels, are detectable when using ML classification based on multiple image-based phenotypes. We validated our approach using a second isogenic patient derived SNCA gene triplication mDA neuronal model. This phenotyping and classification strategy improves the exploitability of mDA neurons for disease modelling and the identification of novel PD drug targets.
Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatic Metastasectomy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (2003)

Hepatic metastasectomy is a cost-effective option for selected patients with metachronous CRC metastases limited to the liver. When considering metastasectomy, more aggressive approaches are generally preferred to less aggressive approaches. Overall, surgeons should be encouraged to consider resection for all patients whose metastases can technically be removed.
Blockade of platelet alpha2B-adrenergic receptors in patients with coronary artery disease: a novel antiaggregant mechanism (2013)

Purpose: Platelets play a vital role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Catecholamines have a profound effect on platelet aggregation and atherothrombosis but the exact mechanism involved is insufficiently understood. In this report, we demonstrate the existence and role of alpha2B–adrenergic receptors (α2B–ARs) in platelets from patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) compared to normal individuals. Methods: Sixteen healthy individuals and 7 patients with CAD who were under dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel 75mg and acetylsalicylic acid 100mg were included. Blood samples were obtained from which platelets were isolated. The presence of α2B-ARs in platelets was proven by Western blot analysis and real time PCR. In order to investigate their function, we performed light transmittance aggregometry by examining the inhibitory effects of specific α2B-AR antibodies. Results: Pretreatment of human platelets with agents that selectively block α2B-ARs showed a substantial inhibition in platelet aggregation that had been induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), by epinephrine and by arachidonic acid. The percent aggregation decreased from 81.5±1.7% to 35.8±5% for ADP with α2B-Abs, from 72.2±1.9% to 25.5±4.3% for epinephrine with α2B-Abs, and from 87±2.1% to 47.9±6.2% for arachidonic acid with α2B-Abs, p<0.05 for all. Patients with CAD showed a significantly reduced expression of the receptor in the platelets (149.6±100.8 in normals versus 32.1±17.7, p = 0.015). Notably, pretreatment with α2B –Abs resulted in a significant further reduction of platelet aggregation. The ADP-treated plasma showed a significant reduction in platelet aggregation after pre-treatment with α2B-Abs (42±5.8% for the control group versus 31.7±2.2% for the group with α2B-Abs pretreatment, p< 0.001). When arachidonic acid was used to induce aggregation, pre-treatment with α2B -Abs reduced platelet aggregation from 41.2±7.3% to 28.2±7.5%, p= 0.006). Similarly, the presence of α2B-Abs decreased platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine from 44.4±22.1% to 19.1±7.2% (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results reveal that contrary to previous knowledge, the α2B–AR subtype does exist in platelets and is an important regulator of aggregation. Inhibition of α2B-ARs in platelets may offer a novel therapeutic opportunity in the prevention of atherothrombotic events. Interestingly, even in patients with coronary artery disease who were receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, the inhibition of α2B-ARs had an additional antiaggregant effect.
Polyesters Derived from Furan and Tetrahydrofuran Nuclei (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyesters Derived from Furan and Tetrahydrofuran NucleiJ. A. Moore and J. E. KellyCite this: Macromolecules 1978, 11, 3, 568–573Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60063a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60063a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1505Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Numerical Modeling of Ocular Dysfunction in Space (2014)

Upon introduction to microgravity, the near-loss of hydrostatic pressure causes a marked cephalic (headward) shift of fluid in an astronaut's body. The fluid shift, along with other factors of spaceflight, induces a cascade of interdependent physiological responses which occur at varying time scales. Long-duration missions carry an increased risk for the development of the Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure (VIIP) syndrome, a spectrum of ophthalmic changes including posterior globe flattening, choroidal folds, distension of the optic nerve sheath, kinking of the optic nerve and potentially permanent degradation of visual function. In the cases of VIIP found to date, the initial onset of symptoms occurred after several weeks to several months of spaceflight, by which time the gross bodily fluid distribution is well established. We are developing a suite of numerical models to simulate the effects of fluid shift on the cardiovascular, central nervous and ocular systems. These models calculate the modified mean volumes, flow rates and pressures that are characteristic of the altered quasi-homeostatic state in microgravity, including intracranial and intraocular pressures. The results of the lumped models provide initial and boundary data to a 3D finite element biomechanics simulation of the globe, optic nerve head and retrobulbar subarachnoid space. The integrated set of models will be used to investigate the evolution of the biomechanical stress state in the ocular tissues due to long-term exposure to microgravity.