gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in human corpus cavernosum and in cultured smooth muscle cells. (1995)

Relaxation of the trabecular smooth muscle, which is necessary for penile erection, is controlled locally by neurotransmitters and vasoactive agents. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes expressed in cultured human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (HCC SMC). Binding analysis with L-[benzilic-4,4'-3H(N)]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) demonstrated the expression of specific muscarinic receptor binding sites in HCC SMC. Analysis of total RNA isolated from whole corpus cavernosum tissue and smooth muscle cells, by RNase protection assays, demonstrated the expression of mRNA transcripts for m1, m2, m3, and m4 mAChR subtypes in whole tissue and m2 and m4 subtypes in cultured cells. In situ hybridization with specific m2 and m4 probes further confirmed the expression of m2 and m4 mRNA transcripts in cultured cells. Carbachol (CCh), a nonselective cholinergic agonist, inhibited cAMP synthesis at low concentrations (0.1-1 microM) and stimulated cAMP synthesis at high concentrations (100 microM), in cultured HCC SMC. CCh (100 microM) further augmented forskolin (FSK), isoproterenol (ISO), and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced cAMP synthesis. These observations suggest that, in vivo, in HCC, ACh may activate m3 mAChR subtypes on endothelial cells or m2 and m4 subtypes on the SMC. Although m2 and m4 are thought to inhibit adenylate cyclase (AC), the augmentation of cAMP synthesis by high concentrations of CCh in SMC suggests an alternative mechanism of coupling to G-proteins that stimulates AC activity. These studies show that HCC tissue expresses different subtypes of mAChR (m1, m2, m3, and m4), whereas cultured HCC SMC express m2 and m4 subtypes. It is suggested that m2 and m4 receptor subtypes may play an important role in maintaining trabecular smooth muscle tone in vivo. The augmentation of FSK-, ISO, and PGE1-induced cAMP synthesis by CCh suggests possible development of a multidrug therapeutic approach to treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Supplementary Figure 3 from TGFα and Amphiregulin Paracrine Network Promotes Resistance to EGFR Blockade in Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 38K, Alternative comparative presentation of results presented in Figure 3 C-F.&lt;/p&gt;
A machine learning based approach for efficient safety evaluation of the high speed train and short span bridge system (2020)

The dynamic responses of the high-speed railway bridge under the train passage can greatly affect the safety of the entire high-speed train and bridge system. Traditionally, these responses are obtained using either field measurement or numerical analysis. Both tools have their own limitations. For instance, the coupling dynamic train-bridge analysis is generally complicated and time-consuming. This paper proposes a novel machine learning based approach for efficient safety evaluation of the high speed train and short span bridge system. Artificial neural networks are established to map the complicated train-bridge system and to attain the critical bridge displacements. The proposed approach incorporates a complete numerical train-bridge system model to produce reliable data for the neural network training, considering multiple significant random features in the train-bridge system. Various neural network architectures are investigated and compared to find optimal ones that have considerable potentials in realizing online response prediction and safety evaluation. Although the proposed approach focuses on the high-speed train and short span bridge, the methodology is general and can also be applied to other scenarios associated with the vehicle-bridge systems.
The novel sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors antagonist AD2900 affects lymphocyte activation and inhibits T-cell entry into the lymph nodes (2017)

Sphingolipid derivatives play key roles in immune cell migration and function. Synthetic sphingolipid analogues are used as therapeutics to intervene various inflammatory and malignant conditions. We hypothesize that different analogs have different effects on immune cells and therefore can be used as treatment for specific diseases. This study examines the properties of the novel synthetic sphingolipid analog, AD2900, and its effects on immune cell activation and lymphocyte localization in homeostasis. AD2900 is an antagonist for all sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. It demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is dependent on cAMP reduction and calcium signal transduction but not on phospholipase C activation. AD2900 causes a significant but reversible downregulation of S1P1 expression on the cell surface. AD2900 administration to C57BL/6J mice leads to the accumulation of T cells in the blood and spleen and in turn reduces T-cell number in the lymph nodes. Moreover, AD2900 treatment shows significant effects on the localization of T-cell subpopulations. These results demonstrate the key roles of S1P in T-cell trafficking in a steady state and suggest a potential clinical application for AD2900. Notably, this sphingolipid analog does not cause a severe lymphopenia. The clinical effect of AD2900 in hemato-oncologic diseases and immune-related diseases needs further investigation.
Faster robot perception using Salient Depth Partitioning (2017)

This paper introduces Salient Depth Partitioning (SDP), a depth-based region cropping algorithm devised to be easily adapted to existing detection algorithms. SDP is designed to give robots a better sense of visual attention, and to reduce the processing time of pedestrian detectors. In contrast to proposal generators, our algorithm generates sparse regions, to combat image degradation caused by robot motion, making them more suitable for real-world operation. Furthermore, SDP is able achieve real-time performance (77 frames per second) on a single processor without a GPU. Our algorithm requires no training, and is designed to work with any pedestrian detection algorithm, provided that the input is in the form of a calibrated RGB-D image. We tested our algorithm with four state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors (HOG and SVM [1], Aggregate Channel Features [2], Checkerboards [3], and R-CNN [4]), and show that it improves computation time by up to 30%, with no discernible change in accuracy.
Multistable and Time Sequencing Photorefractive Ring Resonators (1990)

In this presentation we discuss and demonstrate the performance of two novel multimode photorefractive systems. The first is a multimode resonator with “winner-takes-all” dynamics. The resonator has several (in our case five) stable steady state solutions in which one mode always oscillates while all the others are suppressed. The system makes a decision which of the modes it will support depending on the initial conditions. The state of the system can then be switched with an external light signal. A modification of the resonator results in a different all-optical system which is capable of recalling a stored sequence of oscillating modes. The dynamics of this sequential recall process is again completely controlled by photorefractive two beam coupling.
Antibiotic Iontophoresis in the Treatment of Ear Chondritis (1978)

This apparently successful management of suppurative ear chondritis by employing antibiotic iontophoresis does suggest a clinical potential for the use of the procedure. The authors recommend further research to document the efficacy of this procedure as this clinical report does not involve a large sample or sufficient experimental controls, such as selection of medication, dosage values, and confirmation of tissue content of the medication. Factors favoring the trial use of antibiotic iontophoresis, particularly before the permanent disfigurement of extensive chondrectomy or amputation, are 1) reported past experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of iontherapy, 2) the expected small incidence of procedural complications, 3) the ease of application, and 4) the usual absence of discomfort.
THE RELIABILITY OF DOCUMENT‐BASED ESSAY QUESTIONS ON ADVANCED PLACEMENT HISTORY EXAMINATIONS (1996)

ABSTRACT If a student writes two essays, the score reliability can be estimated from the correlation between the essays. However, if the essays are in different modes or require different skills, the reliability may be underestimated from the correlation. In Advanced Placement history examinations, students wrote one standard essay and one essay that required analysis and synthesis of historical documents that were included with the question statement. If these document‐based questions (DBQ) were assessing substantially different skills from the standard essays, then the reliability of the DBQ scores would be underestimated from their correlation with a standard essay score. A sample of 1045 U. S. history students and 891 European history students participated in a special study in which they wrote essays for either 2 DBQ questions and one standard essay question or 3 standard essay questions. The DBQ correlated as highly with a standard essay as with another DBQ, suggesting that the simple correlation of the two types of scores did not underestimate the reliability of the essay scores.
The design of the microarchitecture of UltraSPARC-I (1995)

The realization of a high performance modern microprocessor involves hundreds of person-years of conception, logic design, circuit design, layout drawing, etc. In order to leverage effectively the 5-10 millions of transistors available, careful microarchitecture tradeoff analysis must be performed. This paper describes not only the microarchitecture of UltraSPARC-I, a 167 MHz 64-b four-way superscalar processor, but more importantly it presents the analysis and tradeoffs that were made "en route" to the final chip. Among several issues, the in-order execution model is compared with alternatives, variations of the issue-width of the machine as well as the number of functional units are described, subtle features that are part of the memory hierarchy are explained, and the advantages of the packet-switched interconnect are exposed.
Mutational analysis of the HTLV&#x2010;Itrans&#x2010;activator, Tax (1991)

The gene coding for the trans-activating factor (Tax) of the human T-cell leukemia virus, type I (HTLV-I) was mutagenized in vitro using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and recombinant DNA techniques. All except one of the mutagenized tax constructs failed to trans-activate the HTLV-I LTR in a eukaryotic test system. Moreover, negative Tax mutant Arg-39----Gly was found to be trans-dominant. This observation suggests that Tax contains distinct functional domains mediating different interactions of the protein in the process of trans-activation.
Variational calculation of the phase shifts in theλφ4model (1994)

In this paper, we develop Schiff's discretization procedure for calculating the phase shifts in the $\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ model in ($D+1$)-dimensional space-time ($D&gt;0$) with the Gaussian wave-functional approach. In 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions, the phase shifts are negative, which indicates the interaction between two pions is repulsive. In 3+1 dimensions, the phase shifts vanish. We also discuss the dependences of the phase shifts upon the scattering energy in detail.
Functional neurons and melanocytes induced from immortal lines of postnatal neural crest‐like stem cells (2009)

Stem cells, that is, cells that can both reproduce themselves and differentiate into functional cell types, attract much interest as potential aids to healing and disease therapy. Embryonic neural crest is pluripotent and generates the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, and some connective tissues. Neural-crest-related stem cells have been reported previously in postnatal skin: committed melanocytic stem cells in the hair follicle, and pluripotent cell types from the hair follicle and papilla that can produce various sets of lineages. Here we describe novel pluripotent neural crest-like stem cells from neonatal mouse epidermis, with different potencies, isolated as 3 independent immortal lines. Using alternative regulatory factors, they could be converted to large numbers of either Schwann precursor cells, pigmented melanocytes, chondrocytes, or functional sensory neurons showing voltage-gated sodium channels. Some of the neurons displayed abundant active TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors. Such functional neurons have previously been obtained in culture only with difficulty, by explantation. The system was also used to generate comparative gene expression data for the stem cells, melanocytes, and melanoblasts that sufficiently explain the lack of pigment in melanoblasts and provide a rationale for some genes expressed apparently ectopically in melanomas, such as ephrin receptors.
Design, Analysis and Fabrication of a Meso-Scale Centrifugal Compressor (2000)

Abstract A gas or vapor compressor is one of the key components of many engineering systems, such as certain designs of vapor compression refrigeration systems, cryo-coolers, air handlers. For meso-scale systems with linear dimensions of a few centimeters, conventional designs do not work efficiently because of rather large relative tolerances, and hence these meso-scale systems require micro-fabricated components for efficient operation. This paper presents a meso-scale centrifugal compressor fabricated by photo-lithographic techniques. A preliminary design based on 1-D flow analysis using air as the working fluid shows that a 50 mm diameter centrifugal compressor with a blade height of 200 μm gives a static pressure ratio of 1.12. In this design, the impeller has 10 full blades and 10 splitter blades. Each blade has the NACA profile 9510 with the maximum camber at 50% of the chord. These impeller blades have exit angles 35° with exit flow angles of 60°. A vaned diffuser having 20 equally spaced vanes with the same NACA profile is used to improve compressor efficiency. A 3-D compressible, viscous flow analysis has been done using a commercial finite volume software. The results of this analysis allowed the verification of the flow characteristics inside the meso-scale centrifugal compressor. The compressor has been fabricated using micro-fabrication techniques. The rotor and the stator are made by etching a silicon wafer by using DRIE (Deep Reactive Ion Etching) technique. A Pyrex wafer is then bonded to the stator for visual access inside the compressor.
Stem Cells, Pre‐Progenitor Cells and Lineage‐Committed Cells: Are Our Dogmas Correct? (1999)

Recent developments warrant careful reexamination of several of the central dogmas of hematopoiesis. The bioassays previously used may have predetermined which subsets of hematopoietic stem cells are regarded as having long-term repopulating activity and thus have produced misleading data. Lineage commitment in multipotential cells has been regarded as an immutable stochastic process but may be a process that can be modified by extrinsic signaling. Finally, loss of self-renewal activity has been regarded as progressive and irreversible but this response to signaling can be blocked by cytokine-inducible modulating proteins.
T13. PROGRESSIVE SPONTANEOUS AND SYNCHRONY GAMMA-BAND OSCILLATION DEFICITS IN FIRST EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA (2018)

Deficits in the gamma-band (30–100 Hz) auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and progressive volumetric decreases in the primary auditory cortex have been detected shortly after the onset of schizophrenia (SZ), and may be associated with symptoms such as auditory hallucinations. Disruption of gamma-band oscillation has received considerable interest, as the basic mechanisms underlying these oscillations are understood and are conserved across species. Despite the importance of abnormal gamma-band oscillations in SZ, it remains unclear whether the gamma-band ASSR deficit shows progressive change over time during the early stages of the disease. Moreover, animal models based on NMDA receptor hypofunction demonstrate an increase in spontaneous gamma power, which has been reported in chronic SZ (Hirano et al., JAMA Psychiatry 2015), yet it still remains unclear in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ). Hence, a longitudinal electroencephalogram study of the spontaneous and synchrony gamma-band oscillation in FESZ is important to better understand the pathophysiology and trajectory of early-stage schizophrenia. Subjects were 23 FESZ (14 treated and 9 untreated with antipsychotics), and 39 matched healthy controls (HC). Dipole source localization of dense electrode EEG data was used to examine oscillatory activities in auditory cortices during auditory steady-state stimulation (20/30/40-Hz rates). ICA was used to remove artifacts. Phase locking factor (PLF) and induced power (not phase-locked) were calculated from artifact-free single trial source estimates. Clinical symptoms were assessed by SAPS and SANS. Subjects were recruited as part of the Boston CIDAR Center (www.bostoncidar.org). Test sessions (Time-1/Time-2) were 11.9 months apart. Compared to HC, FESZ showed reduced 40-Hz ASSR PLF (synchrony gamma) and increased induced gamma power (spontaneous gamma) during continuous auditory stimuli at time-1. Longitudinally, FESZ showed overall progressive reductions in 40-Hz ASSR PLF and progressive increases in induced gamma power, especially within the left auditory cortex. These progressive deficits were not related to antipsychotic medication. Progressive increase of induced gamma power was correlated with increased positive symptoms. We found coincide disruptions of auditory gamma-band oscillation, which showed progressive increase in spontaneous gamma (cortical excitability) and progressive decrease in synchrony gamma (cortical synchrony failure) during continuous auditory stimuli in FESZ. These two apparently distinctive circuit progressive abnormalities already occurred in the very early stage of the disease. We propose that assessing ASSR-PLF and spontaneous gamma in FESZ may provide a sensitive translatable biomarker for the integrity of neural networks that are fundamentally altered in the very early stage of SZ.
Transplantation of autologous extracellular vesicles for cancer-specific targeting (2020)

Nano- and microsized extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cargo-bearing packages of regulatory macromolecules, and recent studies are increasingly showing that EVs are responsible for physiological intercellular communication. Nanoparticles encapsulating anti-tumor theranostics represent an attractive "exosome-interfering" strategy for cancer therapy. <b>Methods</b>: Herein, by labeling plasma-derived EVs with indocyanine green (ICG) and following their biodistribution by <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> imaging, we demonstrate the existence of nanoparticles with a highly selective cancer tropism in the blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients but not in that of healthy volunteers. <b>Results</b>: In CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, we show that transplanted EVs recognize tumors from the cognate nanoparticle-generating individual, suggesting the theranostic potential of autologous EVs encapsulating tumor-interfering molecules. In large canine breeds bearing spontaneous malignant skin and breast tumors, the same autologous EV transplantation protocol shows comparable safety and efficacy profiles. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our data show the existence of an untapped resource of intercellular communication present in the blood of cancer patients, which represents an efficient and highly biocompatible way to deliver molecules directly to the tumor with great precision. The novel EV-interfering approach proposed by our study may become a new research direction in the complex interplay of modern personalized cancer therapy.
Elevated Homocysteine by Levodopa Is Detrimental to Neurogenesis in Parkinsonian Model (2012)

Modulation of levodopa-induced elevated homocysteine by NMDA antagonist or dopamine agonist has a clinical relevance for PD treatment in terms of adult neurogenesis.
Mutation in BAG3 causes severe dominant childhood muscular dystrophy (2008)

We conclude mutation in Bag3 defines a novel severe autosomal dominant childhood muscular dystrophy.
Extended-State-Observer-Based Output Feedback Nonlinear Robust Control of Hydraulic Systems With Backstepping (2014)

In this paper, an output feedback nonlinear control is proposed for a hydraulic system with mismatched modeling uncertainties in which an extended state observer (ESO) and a nonlinear robust controller are synthesized via the backstepping method. The ESO is designed to estimate not only the unmeasured system states but also the modeling uncertainties. The nonlinear robust controller is designed to stabilize the closed-loop system. The proposed controller accounts for not only the nonlinearities (e.g., nonlinear flow features of servovalve), but also the modeling uncertainties (e.g., parameter derivations and unmodeled dynamics). Furthermore, the controller theoretically guarantees a prescribed tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy, while achieving asymptotic tracking performance in the absence of time-varying uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of hydraulic servo systems. Extensive comparative experimental results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy.
Vibrotactile feedback systems: Current trends in rehabilitation, sports and information display (2009)

The sense of touch is one of the most informative senses humans possess, and tactation is the sensation perceived by the sense of touch. Tactation is resulted by the skin's receptors that are stimulated by modalities such as vibration, pressure, etc. The concept of tactile technologies is based on the skin's ability to communicate information through these modalities. Current advances include electrical stimulation, vibrotactile stimulation, thermal stimulation, etc. This paper is a comprehensive review of the technological enhancements of vibrotactile feedback systems in rehabilitation, sports and Information display domains used for motion improvement, motor learning, navigation, gaming, etc. The evolution of vibrotactile technology and its enhancements in the twenty first century for rehabilitation, sports and information display are presented.
0.2 μm nMOSFET using EB exposure for all lithography processes (2002)

nMOSFETs and an nMOS ring oscillator have been fabricated using EB exposure for all lithography processes. The gate oxide thickness was 10 nm. Good saturation characteristics were obtained for the nMOSFET with a 0.23 /spl mu/m gate length. A drain current of the MOSFET was 0.52 mA//spl mu/m at a supply voltage of 3 V and the threshold voltage was about 0.3 V. 52 ps delay time was obtained from an nMOS ring oscillator with a 0.21 /spl mu/m gate length at a supply voltage of 3 V.