gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation and Recording of the Hippocampus Using the Same Pt-Ir Coated Microelectrodes (2021)

Same-electrode stimulation and recording with high spatial resolution, signal quality, and power efficiency is highly desirable in neuroscience and neural engineering. High spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio is necessary for obtaining unitary activities and delivering focal stimulations. Power efficiency is critical for battery-operated implantable neural interfaces. This study demonstrates the capability of recording single units as well as evoked potentials in response to a wide range of electrochemically safe stimulation pulses through high-resolution microelectrodes coated with co-deposition of Pt-Ir. It also compares signal-to-noise ratio, single unit activity, and power efficiencies between Pt-Ir coated and uncoated microelectrodes. To enable stimulation and recording with the same microelectrodes, microelectrode arrays were treated with electrodeposited platinum-iridium coating (EPIC) and tested in the CA1 cell body layer of rat hippocampi. The electrodes' ability to (1) inject a large range of electrochemically reversable stimulation pulses to the tissue, and (2) record evoked potentials and single unit activities were quantitively assessed over an acute time period. Compared to uncoated electrodes, EPIC electrodes recorded signals with higher signal-to-noise ratios (coated: 9.77 ± 1.95 dB; uncoated: 1.95 ± 0.40 dB) and generated lower voltages (coated: 100 mV; uncoated: 650 mV) for a given stimulus (5 μA). The improved performance corresponded to lower energy consumptions and electrochemically safe stimulation above 5 μA (>0.38 mC/cm<sup>2</sup>), which enabled elicitation of field excitatory post synaptic potentials and population spikes. Spontaneous single unit activities were also modulated by varying stimulation intensities and monitored through the same electrodes. This work represents an example of stimulation and recording single unit activities from the same microelectrode, which provides a powerful tool for monitoring and manipulating neural circuits at the single neuron level.
Determinants of the pH of the Golgi Complex (2000)

The factors contributing to the establishment of the steady state Golgi pH (pH(G)) were studied in intact and permeabilized mammalian cells by fluorescence ratio imaging. Retrograde transport of the nontoxic B subunit of verotoxin 1 was used to deliver pH-sensitive probes to the Golgi complex. To evaluate whether counter-ion permeability limited the activity of the electrogenic V-ATPase, we determined the concentration of K(+) in the lumen of the Golgi using a null point titration method. The [K(+)] inside the Golgi was found to be close to that of the cytosol, and increasing its permeability had no effect on pH(G). Moreover, the capacity of the endogenous counter-ion permeability exceeded the rate of H(+) pumping, implying that the potential across the Golgi membrane is negligible and has little influence on pH(G). The V-ATPase does not reach thermodynamic equilibrium nor does it seem to be allosterically inactivated at the steady state pH(G). In fact, active H(+) pumping was detectable even below the resting pH(G). A steady state pH was attained when the rate of pumping was matched by the passive backflux of H(+) (equivalents) or "leak." The nature of this leak pathway was investigated in detail. Neither vesicular traffic nor H(+)/cation antiporters or symporters were found to contribute to the net loss of H(+) from the Golgi. Instead, the leak was sensitive to voltage changes and was inhibited by Zn(2+), resembling the H(+) conductive pathway of the plasma membrane. We conclude that a balance between an endogenous leak, which includes a conductive component, and the H(+) pump determines the pH at which the Golgi lumen attains a steady state.
Disambiguation and Filtering Methods in Using Web Knowledge for Coreference Resolution (2012)

The authors investigate two publicly available Web knowledge bases, Wikipedia and Yago, in an attempt to leverage semantic information and increase the performance level of a state-of-the-art coreference resolution engine. They extract semantic compatibility and aliasing information from Wikipedia and Yago, and incorporate it into a coreference resolution system. The authors show that using such knowledge with no disambiguation and filtering does not bring any improvement over the baseline, mirroring the previous findings (Ponzetto &amp; Poesio, 2009). They propose, therefore, a number of solutions to reduce the amount of noise coming from Web resources: using disambiguation tools for Wikipedia, pruning Yago to eliminate the most generic categories and imposing additional constraints on affected mentions. The evaluation experiments on the ACE-02 corpus show that the knowledge, extracted from Wikipedia and Yago, improves the system’s performance by 2-3 percentage points.
LONG-TERM CONTINUOUS HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY RHODOSPIRILLACEAE UNDER NON-AXENIC CONDITIONS (2003)

紅色非硫黄細菌による混合有機酸廃液からの水素回収プロセスの確立を目的に, 水素生成の基質としてL-乳酸を用いて連続培養を行った. 純菌単独の培養系では16ml/hour/l-reactor の安定した水素生成を示したのに対して, 純菌で培養を開始し滅菌操作を省いた培地を供給した培養系では400hours以降急速に水素生成能が低下し. その原因は緑藻類の発生による阻害と考えられた. また市販の混合光合成培養体を接種源に用いた培養系では. 硫酸塩還元細菌によると思われる硫化水素の生成にあわせて水素の生成は著しく阻害を受けた本研究では観察された現象から水素生成に及ぼす微生物間の競合について基礎的な考察を行ったものである.
Polyphenol Content and Modulatory Activities of Some Tropical Dietary Plant Extracts on the Oxidant Activities of Neutrophils and Myeloperoxidase (2012)

Young leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae), Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae), Hibiscus acetosella (Malvaceae) and Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae) are currently consumed as green vegetables by peoples in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Asia and their migrants living in Western Europe. Sub-Saharan peoples use Manihot, Abelmoschus and Hibiscus also in the folk medicine to alleviate fever and pain, in the treatment of conjunctivitis, rheumatism, hemorrhoid, abscesses, ... The present study investigates the effects of aqueous extracts of those plants on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by equine neutrophils activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The ROS production was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), and the release of total MPO by an ELISA method. The study also investigates the effect of the extracts on the activity of MPO by studying its nitration activity on tyrosine and by using a new technique called SIEFED (Specific Immunological Extraction Followed by Enzymatic Detection) that allows studying the direct interaction of compounds with the enzyme. In all experiments, the aqueous extracts of the plants developed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects. A moderate heat treatment did not significantly modify the inhibitory capacity of the extracts in comparison to not heated ones. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were determined with an HPLC-UV/DAD analysis and a spectroscopic method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Some polyphenols with well-known antioxidant activities (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rosmarinic acid and rutin) were found in the extracts and may partly explain the inhibitory activities observed. The role of those dietary and medicinal plants in the treatment of ROS-dependent inflammatory diseases could have new considerations for health.
An Algorithm for Inter-frequency Bias Calibration and Application to WAAS Ionosphere Modeling (1995)

The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was
invented to improve both the differential GPS accuracy as
well as the integrity monitoring over a large geographical
region. [Kee et al, 1990, Walter et al, 19941 The
ionosphere model parameters are one of the most
important messages for the single frequency WAAS
users. However, the embedded inter-frequency biases in
both GPS satellites and dual-frequency Wide Area
Reference Station (WRS) receivers make the WAAS
generate biased ionospheric delay measurements. As the
airborne single frequency avionics retrieve this WAAS
ionospheric corrections, a systematic error will be
transformed into user’s navigation solution. These biases
must be reduced to obtain the best possible performance
of WAAS: Furthermore, the biased ionospheric delay
measurement will also offset the ionosphere-free
pseudorange estimates. Thus these biases not only offset
the ionosphere model but will also corrupt the WAAS
corrections for satellite clocks and ephemerides.
Without appropriate modeling, the bias can be as large as
several meters. An alternative software calibration
methodology has been developed at Stanford University
for estimating these inter-frequency biases. This method
allows a constant monitoring and a preliminary report
has been presented earlier[Chao, et al, 19951. Since then
the algorithm has been enhanced in several aspects: 1)
The data from several stations are processed together
rather than the previous single station processing. 2) The
spherical harmonics model order is increased from 1 to 2.
3)The process is more efficient and more automatic. The
new results show a better than half meter consistency.
When the new biases are incorporated into Stanford’s
Master Station algorithm, the ionospheric model shows
greater agreement with the corrected dual-frequency
measurements. Most importantly, as will be shown later,
new corrections significantly improve the positioning
accuracy for a single frequency user. These lower and
more zero-centered navigation fixes will allow us to
further analyze the system in more detail as well as
monitor with better integrity.
Forests and forestry in Great Britain (1946)

Forests and forestry in Great Britain , Forests and forestry in Great Britain , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Activation of the infralimbic cortex in a fear context enhances extinction learning (2010)

Activation of the infralimbic region (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) reduces conditioned fear in a variety of situations, and the IL is thought to play an important role in the extinction of conditioned fear. Here we report a series of experiments using contextual fear conditioning in which the IL is activated with the GABAa antagonist picrotoxin (Ptx) during a single extinction session in the fear context. We investigate the impact of this manipulation on subsequent extinction sessions in which Ptx is no longer present. First, we demonstrate that a single treatment with intra-IL Ptx administered in a conditioned fear context greatly accelerates the rate of extinction on the following days. Importantly, IL-Ptx also enhances extinction to a different fear context than the one in which IL-Ptx was administered. Thus, IL-Ptx primes extinction learning regardless of the fear context in which the IL was initially activated. Second, activation of the IL must occur in conjunction with a fear context in order to enhance extinction; the extinction enhancing effect is not observable if IL-Ptx is administered in a neutral context. Finally, this extinction enhancing effect is specific to the IL for it does not occur if Ptx is injected into the prelimbic region (PL) of the mPFC. The results indicate a novel persisting control of fear induced by activation of the IL and suggest that IL activation induces changes in extinction-related circuitry that prime extinction learning.
Maximum Correntropy Extend Kalman Filter for Multiple AUVs Cooperative Localization (2019)

In general, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) performs well in Gaussian noise. However, when the system is disturbed by heavy-tailed noise, its performance may be greatly reduced. In this paper, a nonlinear robust filtering method is derived based on maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) to improve the accuracy of cooperative localization under the influence of heavy-tailed noise in complex underwater environments. By combining the advantages of EKF and MCC, the proposed filter has strong positioning accuracy and robustness. The simulation results show that it can effectively suppress the influence of heavy-tailed noise on the accuracy of cooperative localization.
Abscisic Acid Induces Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Barley Aleurone Protoplasts (1996)

Menno L. W. Knetsch, Mei Wang, B. Ewa Snaar-Jagalska, Sjoukje Heimovaara-Dijkstra, Abscisic Acid Induces Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Barley Aleurone Protoplasts, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 6 (Jun., 1996), pp. 1061-1067
Vaccine and Wild-Type Strains of Yellow Fever Virus Engage Distinct Entry Mechanisms and Differentially Stimulate Antiviral Immune Responses (2016)

The yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine 17D is one of the safest and most effective live virus vaccines ever developed. The molecular determinants for virulence attenuation and immunogenicity of 17D are poorly understood. 17D was generated by serially passaging the virulent Asibi strain in vertebrate tissues. Here we examined the entry mechanisms engaged by YFV Asibi and the 17D vaccine. We found the two viruses use different entry pathways. We show that the mutations differentiating the Asibi envelope (E) protein from the 17D E protein, which arose during attenuation, are key determinants for the use of these distinct entry routes. Finally, we demonstrate that 17D binds and enters host cells more efficiently than Asibi. This results in a higher uptake of viral RNA into the cytoplasm and consequently a greater cytokine-mediated antiviral response. Overall, our data provide new insights into the biology of YFV infection and the mechanisms of viral attenuation.
Measurement method for photoluminescent quantum yields of fluorescent organic dyes in polymethyl methacrylate for luminescent solar concentrators (2009)

A method for measuring the photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQY) of luminescent organic dyes is presented. The self-absorption probability calculated at different dye concentrations is used to determine the absolute quantum yield from the observed values. The results for a range of commercially available dyes show high quantum yields, even at high concentrations, and an absence of quenching. The PLQY of several dye mixtures are also presented. The results indicate an absence of any reduction of PLQY in a dye mixture as compared with the individual PLQY of the dyes.
3D-Printing of Antenna-Feed Components for Space Applications (2022)

This paper reports an overview on the on-going research activity aimed at the exploitation of 3D-printing technologies to the development of dual-band and dual-polarization components for SatCom antenna feed chains. In particular, architectures optimized for 3D-printing are discussed, and the results of a preliminary study on the application of perforations along the internal channels is reported.
A trichromatic colorimeter suitable for standardisation work (1925)

The paper describes a trichromatic colorimeter designed and constructed in 1922. The instrument is suitable for standardisation work, as it may be employed to obtain the specification of any colour whatever in a form which may be converted if desired to any fundamental basis of specification. The three working primaries of the instrument are obtained by means of filters. The mixing of the primary colours is effected by a periscopic prism which rotates past three stationary sectors. Provision is made for adding any of the primaries to the colour under test, where this may be necessary in order to obtain a match. In this way colours of higher saturation than it is possible to match directly may be dealt with.
Quercetin adsorption with imprinted polymeric materials (2019)

In this study, molecularly imprinted polymer membranes were synthesized for the recognition and adsorption of quercetin. For this, quercetin imprinted polymeric membranes [p(HEMA-MAH)] (Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-<i>N</i>-methacryloly-l-histidinemethylester) were synthesized by UV polymerization technique using HEMA and MAH as monomers. Synthesized polymeric membranes were characterized with SEM, FTIR and swelling test. Characterized membranes were used for the direct adsorption of quercetin in a batch system. Quercetin adsorption conditions were optimized by using the quercetin imprinted polymeric membrane by altering the pH, temperature and initial quercetin concentration of the adsorption medium. Effect of adsorption time was also studied for up to 180 min. The optimum pH and temperature was determined between 4.0 and 45 °C. Maximum adsorbed amount of quercetin onto quercetin imprinted poly(HEMA-MAH) membrane was found to be as 299.6 mg/g membrane using the initial quercetin concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Adsorbed quercetin was desorbed from the polymeric membranes with isopropyl alcohol with desorption yield of 98.3%. and repeated usability of the quercetin imprinted polymeric membranes was fallowed for 7 adsorption/desorption cycles. At the end of the 7<sup>th</sup> reuse, quercetin adsorption capacity of the quercetin imprinted poly(HEMA-MAH) membranes decreased only about 10%.
Accuracy Of Electron-Optical Measurements Of Critical Dimensions (1987)

The precision and accuracy of the measurement tool or process used to determine a critical dimension (CD) are clearly important when considering the operational significance of the result. The presumption in CD measurements is that a single result is sought to represent the particular CD of the structure being imaged. Since this dimension may vary over the image this result is appropriately the average of the dimension, which is estimated based on a series of measurements. We discuss the use of the &quot;confidence interval&quot; as a measure of the &quot;goodness&quot; of a CD measurement and use the AMRAY SEM 1500 to illustrate and test our methods on 1-1.5&mu;m lines. The measurement performance of this scanning electron microscope is shown to be extremely good (3 &quot;sigma&quot; better than 0.01&mu;m), and the 95% confidence interval is shown to be a reliable measure of the practical accuracy of the CD measurement.
Bioactive clusters promoting cell penetration and nucleic acid complexation for drug and gene delivery applications: from designed to self-assembled and responsive systems (2016)

Bioactive low-molecular-weight compounds are actively pursued, as an alternative to macromolecules, for biomedical applications such as drug and gene delivery. However, achieving effective biomolecular surface recognition with small molecules is a considerable challenge. We review herein recent progresses that have been made in the identification of bioactive cationic clusters that promote cell penetration and nucleic acid complexation and vectorisation. We further emphasize the emerging use of self-assembly processes, based on supramolecular interactions and/or dynamic covalent chemistry, for generating bioactive cationic clusters. Interestingly, the introduction of molecular and/or supramolecular dynamics endows reversibility to the multivalent recognition processes, thereby paving the way toward the development of "smart" adaptive and responsive devices that emulate the behaviour of natural systems for the dynamic control of bioactivity.
Effect of Element Number Reduction on Inter-User Interference and Chip Temperatures in Passively-Cooled Integrated Antenna Arrays for 5G (2020)

The impact of reducing the total number of elements in passively-cooled, chip-integrated and space-tapered 5G base station antenna arrays on inter-beam interferences and chip temperatures is investigated for multi-user space-division-multiple-access applications. A convex element position optimization algorithm is used to synthesize the array layouts with minimized side lobes within a pre-defined cell sector. The multi-beam radiation patterns are computed to study the average trend of the maximum side lobe level with the element number. Thermal simulations are also performed by considering the same EIRP for all the arrays. The results indicate that, after an optimal number of elements, adding more elements to an array does not help reduce the inter-user interference further or provide significant advantage on decreasing the chip temperatures.
Pattern-based algorithm for peptide sequencing from tandem high energy collision-induced dissociation mass spectra (1992)

A new strategy is reported for extracting complete and partial sequence information from collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of peptides, CID spectra are obtained from high energy CID of peptide molecular ions on a four-sector tandem mass spectrometer with an electro-optically coupled microchannel array detector, A peak detection routine reduces the spectrum to a list of peak masses and peak heights, which is then used for sequencing, The sequencing algorithm was designed to use spectral data to generate sequence fits directly rather than to use data to test the fit of series of sequence guesses. The peptide sequencing algorithm uses a pattern based on the polymeric nature of peptides to classify spectral peaks into sets that are related in a sequence-independent manner, It then establishes sequence relationships among these sets, Peak detection from raw data takes 10-20 s, with sequence generation requiring an additional 10-60 s on a Sun 3/60 workstation, The program is written in the C language to run on a Unix platform. The principal advantages of our method are in the speed of analysis and the potential for identifying modified or rare amino acids. The algorithm was designed to permit real-time sequencing but awaits hardware modifications to allow real-time access to CID spectra.
Principles and Practice of Immunotoxicology (1991)

Part 1 The basis of the immune system - cells of the immune system regulation of the immune system by pharmacological and biological mediators homeostatic mechanisms in the immune response. Part 2 Immunotoxicology (current concepts): toxic consequences of chemical interactions with the immune system adverse immunological effect of drugs and other chemicals and methods to detect them contact sensitivity the lung as a target organ intolerance and allergic reactions to food components and additives the effect of nutrition on the immune system psychoneuroimmunology interaction between the immune system, endocrine system and nervous system. Part 3 Specific examples relating to the immunotoxic/health effects of chemicals: mineral dusts - asbestos, silica and others occupational asthma and allergic reactions to inhaled chemicals PCB intoxication TCDD intoxication, toxic oil and others. Part 4 Methods of assessing immunotoxic events in experimental systems: hypersensitivity - adverse drug reaction histopathological approaches specific immuno function assays integrating in vitro systems with animal models in mechanistic studies of immunotoxic agents molecular immunotoxicology concluding remarks.
In(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Tandem Nucleophilic Addition and Cyclization of ortho‐Alkynylarylaldimines to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines (2006)

Doppelkatalysator: Eine In(OTf)3-katalysierte Tandemanellierung führt in hohen Ausbeuten zu 1,2-Dihydroisochinolinen. Der Katalysator aktiviert die Imin- und die Alkingruppe für die Addition von Nucleophilen und anschließende intramolekulare Cyclisierung (siehe Schema; OTf=Trifluormethansulfonat). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z600408_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Separations as unit operations (2004)

The information in the previous chapter provides an important introduction to the environmental applications of chemical separations technology. This chapter will be devoted to an introductory description of the concept and analysis of a unit operation as applied to separation processes. Subsequent chapters will present some necessary fundamentals of separations analysis and discuss specific separation methods.