gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory response to radiation exposure of immune cells (2023)

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the inflammatory signaling response of immune cells. Radiation exposure can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is likely initiated as an inflammatory process. In turn, inflammation initiates atherosclerosis via endothelial cell damage and subsequent immune cell infiltration. We hypothesized that CD14+ immune cells will exhibit an amplified inflammatory response, as demonstrated by larger increases in inflammatory cytokine expression 24 hours post radiation exposure. Methods: Human venous blood was collected from 6 healthy young adults (28 ± 5 years, 22.4 ± 0.7 BMI, 3 Male) using an institutional review board (IRB)-approved protocol. Women were studied in days 1-5 of menstrual cycle. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were harvested by density gradient separation. PBMCs were re-suspended and incubated with anti-human CD14 microbeads for 15 minutes at 4°C. After washing unbound antibody, cell separation was done using an autoMACS Pro Separator. CD14+ immune cells were incubated in plates, exposed to 4 gray (Gy) of x-ray radiation, and then incubated for 24 hours. CD14+ immune cells were exposed to 20ng/ml of TNF-α for 30 mins. The culture media was recovered, centrifuged at 100 × g for 1 minute to remove any floating cell debris and assayed for secreted factors, specifically for IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, INF-γ, and TNF-α. Cytokine responses to radiation were analyzed by paired t-tests. Differences in sex were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (Condition x Sex). Results: Radiation exposure (4 Gy) did not change the levels of IL-1β (p=0.15), IL-2 (p=0.13), IL-4 (p=0.16), IL-6 (p=0.18), IL-8 (p=0.35), IL-10 (p=0.18), IL-12p70 (p=0.15), IL-13 (p=0.27), INF-γ (p=0.12), and TNF-α (p=0.14). TNF-α stimulated expression levels of IL-1β (p=0.15), IL-2 (p=0.16), IL-4 (p=0.36), IL-6 (p=0.72), IL-8 (p=0.89), IL-10 (p=0.87), IL-12p70 (p=0.43), IL-13 (p=0.24), and INF-γ (p=0.21) were not different post radiation. There was no sex difference in inflammatory cytokine expression post radiation (p&gt;0.2) or TNF-α stimulation post radiation (p&gt;0.1). Conclusion: These data suggest that expression of inflammatory signals of CD14+ immune cells are not different after exposure to acute radiation (4 Gy x-ray). Further studies are needed to investigate whether increased exposure (duration and/or dose) to radiation could lead to increases in inflammatory cytokines in the adaptive immune response. Translational Research Institute for Space Health through NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX16AO69A and NIH R01 HL150361 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Expression, processing and transcriptional regulation of granulysin in short-term activated human lymphocytes (2007)

This first comprehensive study of granulysin gene regulation in primary cultured human lymphocytes shows that the regulation of granulysin synthesis in response to IL-2 or bacterial antigen stimulation occurs at several levels: RNA expression, extensive alternative splicing and posttranslational processing.
A time consistent waveform inversion (TWIN) method (2021)

Summary Born-modelling based Reflection Waveform Inversion (RWI) approaches explicitly separate the model space into smooth and a high-frequency components (background and reflectivity models, respectively). As these two models are strongly coupled, sequential inversion approaches are sub-optimal and reflectivity-velocity consistent schemes have been proposed. We propose a reflectivity-velocity consistent RWI approach, handling the reflectivity-velocity coupling issue by enforcing the data invariance at zero-offset during the inversion process. As a result, the corresponding misfit function gradient contains an additional term (compared to conventional RWI) due to the reflectivity-velocity coupling effects. We compared on the Chevron benchmark model, the conventional RWI (sequential inversion of reflectivity-background models) and the proposed approach. We show that the TWIN approach provides a velocity model with significant improvements compared to sequential (conventional) RWI approach, especially in preventing strong vertically-extended artifacts in deep parts of the model.
Placement and Timing for FPGAs Considering Variations (2006)

Process variation affecting timing and power is an important issue for modern integrated circuits in nanometer technologies. FPGAs are similar to ASICs in their susceptibility to these issues, but face unique challenges in that critical paths are unknown at test time. This paper presents the first in-depth study on applying statistical timing analysis with cross-chip and on-chip variations to speed-binning and guard-banding in FPGAs. Considering the uniqueness of reprogrammability in FPGAs, we quantify the effects of timing-model with guard-banding and speed-binning on statistical performance and timing yield. We also develop a new variation aware placement, which is the first statistical algorithm for FPGA layout and reduces yield loss by 3.4x with guard-banding and 25x with speed-binning for MCNC and QUIP designs.
Combining Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) and Isotope Tagging for Off-Line LC-NMR Applications in Metabolite Analysis (2013)

The complementary use of liquid chromatography (LC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has shown high utility in a variety of fields. While the significant benefit of spectral simplification can be achieved for the analysis of complex samples, other limitations remain. For example, (1)H LC-NMR suffers from pH dependent chemical shift variations, especially during urine analysis, owing to the high physiological variation of urine pH. Additionally, large solvent signals from the mobile phase in LC can obscure lower intensity signals and severely limit the number of metabolites detected. These limitations, along with sample dilution, hinder the ability to make reliable chemical shift assignments. Recently, stable isotopic labeling has been used to detect quantitatively specific classes of metabolites of interest in biofluids. Here we present a strategy that explores the combined use of two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and isotope tagged NMR for the unambiguous identification of carboxyl containing metabolites present in human urine. The ability to separate structurally related compounds chromatographically, in off-line mode, followed by detection using (1)H-(15)N 2D HSQC (two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence) spectroscopy, resulted in the assignment of low concentration carboxyl-containing metabolites from a library of isotope labeled compounds. The quantitative nature of this strategy is also demonstrated.
Thermal conductivity in the mixed state of a superconductor at low magnetic fields (2011)

We evaluate accurate low-field/low-temperature asymptotics of the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the magnetic field for one-band and two-band $s$-wave superconductors using the Keldysh-Usadel formalism. We show that heat transport in this regime is limited by tunneling of quasiparticles between adjacent vortices across a number of local points and therefore a widely used approximation of averaging over the circular unit cell is not valid. In the single-band case, we obtain a parameter-free analytical solution which provides a theoretical lower limit for heat transport in the mixed state. In the two-band case, we show that the heat transport is controlled by the ratio of gaps and diffusion constants in different bands. The presence of a weaker second band strongly enhances the thermal conductivity at low fields.
Consultation Through Action Learning (1999)

Abstract Peer consultation through action learning is a potentially powerful approach to promote change and improvement in teaching.
New Insights Into the Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Novel diagnostic pacemaker features allowed a detailed individual analysis of rate and rhythm changes before AF and thus uncovered a substantial intraindividual and interindividual variability of AF onset scenarios.
[Effects of electroacupuncture on learning and memory ability and glial cells of the hippocampus in the rat of Alzheimer disease]. (2009)

Electroacupuncture treatment can decrease the number of activated glial cells so as to protect the neurons, improving the learning and memory ability in the AD rat.
Polymorphs and Other Solid Forms of Pharmaceutical Excipients (2011)

Pharmaceutical excipients may occur in polymorphs and other solid forms and as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Excipients, polymorphs or the forms are not specified in the patient information leaflets on the dosage forms. Polymorphs of lactose, mannitol and sorbitol, various forms of cellulose and its derivatives, starch forms and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) are discussed in detail here. Identification of polymorphs and other solid forms can be carried out by X-ray powder diffraction as well as by IR, Raman and solid-state NMR spectroscopies.
Effect of Combined Gluten-Free, Dairy-Free Diet in Children With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: An Open Pilot Trial (2018)

This study will advance the field by testing the effect of dietary changes in patients with SRNS in a highly controlled camp environment. In addition, we hope the results will help to identify a responder profile that may guide the design of a larger trial for further investigation.
Leukemia-associated antigens in ALL (1979)

A cytotoxic common ALL antiserum (CALLA) specific for leukemic cells of most patients with non-T-cel- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and of some patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis has been reproducibly prepared using cell lines for absorption. CALLA reacts with leukemic cells of 110 of 134 patients (82%) with non-T-cell ALL; 1 of 71 (1%) patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); 2 of 7 patients (29%) with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis; 7 of 92 patients (8%) with other hematologic malignancies; and with the leukemic cell lines Laz 221 and NALM-1. It does not react with the normal hematopoietic cells, B- or T-cell lines, or cells from 26 patients with T-cell ALL that were tested. CALLA reactivity and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining correlate poorly, with CALLA reacting with cells from 86% (64 of 74) of patients with PAS-positive and 76% (29 of 38) of those with PAS-negative non-T-cell ALL. In these patients, CALLA reacts with cells from 89% of those under age 12 (78 of 88); 74% of those aged 12--20 (20 of 27); and 58% of those over 20 (11 of 19). Using only CALLA and antisera specific for Ia-like and T-cell antigens, we can now distinguish most cases of ALL from AML and other hematologic malignancies.
Cellular Uptake and Organ Accumulation of Amphipolar Metallocorroles with Cytoprotective and Cytotoxic Properties (2011)

We report here an investigation that focuses on the organ distribution of metal complexes that are chelated by the amphipolar corrole whose macrocycle is decorated by two sulphonic acid head groups, which are emerging potential therapeutics against cancer (the cytotoxic Ga chelate) and diseases that are characterized by excessive production of ROS and RNS (the cytoprotective Mn and Fe derivatives). We show that the intraperitoneally injected fluorescent gallium(III) derivative accumulates in tissues sections of the kidney, liver, lung, heart, and pancreas. It also reaches the brain blood vessels, but does not cross the blood brain barrier. These findings are of prime importance for future in vivo studies on disease models, as they point toward a large utility of this kind of corrole chelates for treating cancer, neurodegenerative diseases characterized by "leaking BBB", cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
Modeling and Evaluation of HE Driven Shock Effects In Copper with the MTS Mode1 (1997)

Many experimental studies have investigated the effect of shock pressure on the post-shock mechanical properties of OFHC copper. These studies have shown that significant hardening occurs during shock loading due to dislocation processes and twinning. It has been demonstrated that when an appropriate initial value of the Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) is specified, the post-shock flow stress of OFE copper is well described by relationships derived independently for unshocked materials. In this study we consider the evolution of the MTS during HE driven shock loading processes and the effect on the subsequent flow stress of the copper. An increased post shock flow stress results in a higher material temperature due to an increase in the plastic work. An increase in temperature leads to thermal softening which reduces the flow stress. These coupled effects will detemine if there is melting in a shaped charge jet or a necking instability in an EFP liner. The critical factor is the evolution path followed combined with the "current" temperature, plastic strain, and strain rate. Preliminary studies indicate that in simulations of HE driven shock processes with very high resolution zoning, the MTS saturates because of the rate dependence in the evolution law. On going studies are addressing this and other issues with the goal of developing a version of the MTS model that treats HE driven shock loading, temperature, strain, and rate effects apriori.
Computed tomography of malignant maxillary sinus tumors (1982)

CT was done 81 times on 63 proven malignant maxi llary sinus tumors for 3 years from
INCREASED INFLAMMATORY AND ALTERNATIVE MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION (2012)

Inflammation and fibrosis with increased monocyte activation are associated with the progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and heart failure (HF). Three monocyte subclasses exist: classical/inflammatory, intermediate, and alternative/anti-inflammatory monocytes. In the tissue monocytes differentiate into inflammatory-M1 or regulatory/pro-fibrotic-M2 macrophages. Alternative monocytes and M2 macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis/CAD, MI, HF, etc. Since macrophage polarisation may depend on the expression of monocyte markers and cytokine mediators we analysed monocytes from different stage heart disease patients and associated peripheral markers with disease pathogenesis. Peripheral blood was collected from 83 patients: asymptomatic hypertensive (HTN), LVDD and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Monocytes were purified and stained for CD14, CD16, CD163, CD206. Cytokines in patient plasma were identified by ELISA. Inflammation in LVDD and HFPEF as compared to HTN was defined by elevated peripheral levels of TNFα, IL12, IL6, MCP1. These also correlated with peripheral BNP. The M2 cytokines CCL17, CCL18, sCD163 were also increased. The percentage of monocytes was higher in LVDD and HFPEF and overlapped with increased classical and alternative monocytes. Monocyte expression of the M2 receptor CD163 was lower in HFPEF, consistent with high sCD163 and inflammation. Finally, culture of healthy donor monocytes with patient-derived serum stimulated expression of the M2 genes CD206 and IL10. We therefore suggest that an increased activation and differentiation of monocytes towards regulatory/pro-fibrotic M2 macrophages may occur already in early stage heart disease and that these changes, along with a persistent inflammatory insult, are associated with progression to HFPEF.
Characterization of carbon fiber emissions from current and projected activities for the manufacture and disposal of carbon fiber products. Final report (1984)

Composite materials formed by impregnating a carbon or graphite fiber mat with plastic binders are being used increasingly in military, aerospace, sports and automotive applications. Carbon fibers are formed primarily from synthetic fibers carbonized in the absence of oxygen. Possibilities exist for the release of these fibers to ambient air during their formation, handling, weaving or impregnation, or during the manufacturing or incineration of composites. This study was concerned with characterizing the rate and physical/chemical properties of such emissions. Samples were collected from manufacturing operations. Operations considered included fiber winding, prepregging and weaving, as well as composity cutting, grinding, drilling, machining, sanding, and incineration. Release rates (fiber mass released per unit of material processed) ranged over several orders of magnitude with the largest releases being associated with weaving and incineration. Except for incineration where fiber diameters were reduced somewhat by burning, the original fiber diameters were maintained in the emitted material. Fiber lengths varied over wide ranges from tens to thousands of micrometers. Incineration experiments suggested that mechanical agitation and air flow in the incinerator would strongly affect releases. Electrical characterization of the fibers demonstrated that fibers will move and form chains in electrical fields.
Intramedullary Nailing and Adjunct Permanent Plate Fixation in Complex Tibia Fractures (2015)

The use of adjunct plate fixation is known to be a useful reduction aid during intramedullary nailing of the proximal tibia. We have expanded the indications beyond aiding the reduction and now use these plates as an adjunct to intramedullary nailing during the healing period. Specific indications include diaphyseal tibial fractures with severe bone loss/comminution and segmental tibial fractures with or without intraarticular extension. We believe the adjunctive permanent plate fixation technique may offer a treatment solution in these selected situations with the added benefit of immediate weight bearing.
Ganging up on big data computer-intermediated collaborative analysis (2014)

Understanding complex situations is difficult. Intelligence analysis has long been the work of teams including subject matter specialists. Today collaborative analysis takes place in the context of “big data”, where information comes from a variety of human, communications, and sensor sources. Understanding the big picture is both about how analysts interact and combine their insights together and with how they engage with data at scale. In this paper we consider opportunities for next generation analysis systems for teams, focusing on the computer-intermediated functions that support and coordinate analytic activities around big data.
Induction of 16alpha-/2-hydroxyestrone metabolite ratios in MCF-7 cells by pesticides, carcinogens, and antiestrogens does not predict mammary carcinogens. (1998)

The effects of several pesticides, mammary carcinogens, and antiestrogens on 17beta-estradiol (E2), 16alpha- and 2-hydroxylase activities, and 16alpha-/2-hydroxyestrone (OHE1) ratios were investigated in MCF-7 cells using a radiometric assay. The mammary carcinogens 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), respectively, increased and decreased 16alpha-/2-OHE1 ratios at some concentrations. The 16alpha-/2-OHE1 metabolite ratios for 10(-5) M kepone, atrazine, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane were 1.82 +/- 0.060, 0.71 +/- 0.027, 0.66 +/- 0.030, 1.56 +/- 0.089, 1.14 +/- 0.059, and 0.69 +/- 0.052 (mean +/- standard error), respectively, and did not show any specific trend. The effects of a series of direct and indirect acting antiestrogens on 16alpha-/2-OHE1 metabolite ratios were also investigated, and the results were compound specific. Indole-3-carbinol, tamoxifen, 4'-hydroxytamoxifen, and 9-cis,retinoic acid decreased the ratio; the effects of all trans-retinoic acid and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were concentration dependent; the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 increased the 16alpha-/2-OHE1 metabolite ratio. The results indicate that in MCF-7 cells treated with pesticides, mammary carcinogens, and antiestrogens, there were both increased and decreased 16alpha-/2-OHE1 metabolite ratios for each class of chemicals and the assay did not predict mammary carcinogens.
Coherence Potentials: Loss-Less, All-or-None Network Events in the Cortex (2010)

Transient associations among neurons are thought to underlie memory and behavior. However, little is known about how such associations occur or how they can be identified. Here we recorded ongoing local field potential (LFP) activity at multiple sites within the cortex of awake monkeys and organotypic cultures of cortex. We show that when the composite activity of a local neuronal group exceeds a threshold, its activity pattern, as reflected in the LFP, occurs without distortion at other cortex sites via fast synaptic transmission. These large-amplitude LFPs, which we call coherence potentials, extend up to hundreds of milliseconds and mark periods of loss-less spread of temporal and amplitude information much like action potentials at the single-cell level. However, coherence potentials have an additional degree of freedom in the diversity of their waveforms, which provides a high-dimensional parameter for encoding information and allows identification of particular associations. Such nonlinear behavior is analogous to the spread of ideas and behaviors in social networks.
Structured illumination of the interface between centriole and peri-centriolar material (2012)

The increase in centrosome size in mitosis was described over a century ago, and yet it is poorly understood how centrioles, which lie at the core of centrosomes, organize the pericentriolar material (PCM) in this process. Now, structured illumination microscopy reveals in Drosophila that, before clouds of PCM appear, its proteins are closely associated with interphase centrioles in two tube-like layers: an inner layer occupied by centriolar microtubules, Sas-4, Spd-2 and Polo kinase; and an outer layer comprising Pericentrin-like protein (Dplp), Asterless (Asl) and Plk4 kinase. Centrosomin (Cnn) and γ-tubulin associate with this outer tube in G2 cells and, upon mitotic entry, Polo activity is required to recruit them together with Spd-2 into PCM clouds. Cnn is required for Spd-2 to expand into the PCM during this maturation process but can itself contribute to PCM independently of Spd-2. By contrast, the centrioles of spermatocytes elongate from a pre-existing proximal unit during the G2 preceding meiosis. Sas-4 is restricted to the microtubule-associated, inner cylinder and Dplp and Cnn to the outer cylinder of this proximal part. γ-Tubulin and Asl associate with the outer cylinder and Spd-2 with the inner cylinder throughout the entire G2 centriole. Although they occupy different spatial compartments on the G2 centriole, Cnn, Spd-2 and γ-tubulin become diminished at the centriole upon entry into meiosis to become part of PCM clouds.