gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity of oxaliplatin against human tumor colony-forming units. (1998)

This study was conducted to identify tumor types warranting Phase II clinical trials of oxaliplatin using the human tumor cloning assay. Oxaliplatin was tested at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 microg/ml in 1-h and 14-day continuous exposures along with 1.4 microg/ml carboplatin and 0.2 microg/ml cisplatin for comparison. We defined in vitro response as tumor growth inhibition >50% of control. In the 1-h exposure schedule, in vitro responses were observed in 9 of 116 (8%), 18 of 115 (16%), 38 of 103 (37%), and 7 of 13 (54%) tumor specimens at concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 50.0 microg/ml oxaliplatin, respectively. In the 14-day exposure schedule, in vitro responses were observed in 10 of 121 (8%), 37 of 121 (31%), 57 of 106 (54%), and 15 of 15 (100%) tumor specimens at concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 50.0 microg/ml oxaliplatin, respectively. Activity was observed against colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, and melanoma colony-forming units. In both cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive tumors, the activity of oxaliplatin was concentration and time dependent. A 1-h exposure to 5.0 and 10.0 microg/ml oxaliplatin led to 7.4 and 23.4% in vitro responses, respectively, in specimens resistant to 1-h exposure of 0.2 microg/ml cisplatin. Moreover, 1-h exposures to 5.0 microg/ml and 10.0 microg/ml oxaliplatin showed in vitro antitumor responses in 10.2 and 24.3%, 17.2 and 34.5%, 10.0 and 20.0%, 6.7 and 16.7%, and 11.4 and 34.3% of specimens resistant to 1.4 microg/ml carboplatin, 6.0 microg/ml 5-fluorouracil, 3.0 microg/ml irinotecan, 10.0 microg/ml paclitaxel, and 0.04 microg/ml doxorubicin, respectively. The effect in those drug-resistant specimens was improved when oxaliplatin was used on the protracted exposure regimen. Our data indicate that oxaliplatin is an active drug in vitro against a large variety of human tumors. Both concentration and duration of exposure are important factors for oxaliplatin cytotoxicity. The broad spectrum of activity and the in vitro activity against some tumors primarily resistant to conventional anticancer drugs encourage further clinical investigations of oxaliplatin in patients with advanced cancer refractory to conventional chemotherapy.
Integrated Tourist Navigation System (2009)

Tourist navigation systems have used digital maps to provide users with location and route information for a long time. However, without detailed 3D building models, users may miss important turns at some intersections and have problems to find their target buildings. With the advent of Google Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth, 3D models of buildings in major cities worldwide can be conveniently created and shared. In this paper, we present two methods, i.e., overlay-style blending and Escher-style blending, to seamlessly integrate 2D maps and 3D buildings into a tourist navigation system. We also provide useful visual cues indicating occluded roads and buildings. Our solutions can be applied to other navigation systems such as interactive city guide maps.
Terahertz wireless communications based on photonics technologies (2013)

There has been an increasing interest in the application of terahertz (THz) waves to broadband wireless communications. In particular, use of frequencies above 275 GHz is one of the strong concerns among radio scientists and engineers, because these frequency bands have not yet been allocated at specific active services, and there is a possibility to employ extremely large bandwidths for ultra-broadband wireless communications. Introduction of photonics technologies for signal generation, modulation and detection is effective not only to enhance the bandwidth and/or the data rate, but also to combine fiber-optic (wired) and wireless networks. This paper reviews recent progress in THz wireless communications using telecom-based photonics technologies towards 100 Gbit/s.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW HETEROCYCLIC BETAINES (1985)

Abstract 1‐Methyl‐imidazol (I) reagiert mit dem Chlorcarbonylphenylketen (II) über die Zwischenstufe (III) mit Triethylamin zum bicyclischen Betain (IV).
Identification and occurrence of the hydroxamate siderophores aerobactin, putrebactin, avaroferrin and ochrobactin C as virulence factors from entomopathogenic bacteria (2017)

Effective iron acquisition and fine-tuned intracellular iron storage systems are the main prerequisites for a successful host invasion by a pathogen. Bacteria have developed several different strategies to sequester this essential element from their environment, one relies on the secretion of low molecular weight compounds with high affinity for ferric iron, the so-called siderophores. Here, we report hydroxamate siderophore structures produced by entomopathogenic bacteria of the species Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, which are known for their potential to produce bioactive natural products, required for their role as nematode symbiont and insect pathogen. Four siderophores could be identified, namely aerobactin, putrebactin, avaroferrin and ochrobactin C, which was found previously only in marine bacteria. While the putrebactin and avaroferrin producing biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) is more widespread and most likely was present in a common ancestor of these bacteria, the aerobactin and ochrobactin producing BGC was probably taken up by a few strains individually. For aerobactin a role in virulence towards Galleria mellonella larvae is shown.
Kinematic Design of a Dynamic Brace for Measurement of Head/Neck Motion (2017)

Head drop is a symptom commonly seen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These patients usually experience neck pain and have difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Static neck braces are used in current treatment. These braces, however, immobilize the head in a single configuration, which causes muscle atrophy. This letter presents the design of a dynamic neck brace for the first time in the literature, which can both measure and potentially assist in the head motion of the human user. This letter introduces the brace design method and validates its capability to perform measurements. The brace is designed based on kinematics data collected from a healthy individual via a motion capture system. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the wearability of the brace and the accuracy of measurements with the brace. This study recruited ten participants who performed a series of head motions. The results of this human study indicate that the brace is wearable by individuals who vary in size, the brace allows nearly 70% of the overall range of head rotations, and the sensors on the brace give accurate motion of the head with an error of under 5° when compared to a motion capture system. We believe that this neck brace can be a valid and accurate measurement tool for human head motion. This brace will be a big improvement in the available technologies to measure head motion as these are currently done in the clinic using hand-held protractors in two orthogonal planes.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Identification of Kinase Inhibitor Targets in the Lung Cancer Microenvironment by Chemical and Phosphoproteomics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Cross-docking of sunitinib and dasatinib in NQO2 and PDXK.&lt;/p&gt;
Ka-Band Stacked Power Amplifier on 22 nm CMOS FDSOI Technology Utilizing Back-Gate Bias for Linearity Improvement (2019)

This paper presents a method for extending millimeter wave power amplifier (PA) linear range by fine tuning the CMOS SOI device output characteristics via back-gate biasing. The effect of back-gate biasing to PA performance is measured and reported. It is demonstrated how implementing the same bias point with different back-gate values affects the linear range of the fabricated PA. By applying positive back-bias to the NFET devices, the measured PA displays minimum AM-PM and reaches maximum output power, PAE and 1 dB compression point of 16.3 dBm, 23 % and 13.9 dBm, respectively. EVM of 6.8 % and ACLR of −29.3 dBC were achieved at 5 dBm average output channel power with a 100MHz 64-QAM OFDM signal.
Recognition and Evaluation by Video Synthesis Methods and Symmetry Features (2009)

Biometrics is being increasingly utilized for person authentication. It requires little or no efforts from the user as compared to traditional non-biometric systems where the user has to memorize PIN codes and passwords or carry pass cards and keys that can be easily forgotten or lost. Biometric systems use the subjects' unique traits such as fingerprint, DNA, face, voice, palm etc for enrollment and authentication. Their development require extensive testing on datasets that are representative samples of what the systems might face when implemented in the real world.A novel method is proposed to build face video databases from existing ones by a damascening procedure. The term ``damascening'' refers to merging images extracted from two videos. The procedure is implemented on all image sequences of XM2VTS database to create the DXM2VTS (Damascened XM2VTS) database. A novel set of video is captured in realistic environments for use as a background for existing databases. An evaluation protocol is proposed for the damascened database to establish a common ground for comparing performance of face detection and tracking systems such that it extends the hitherto used protocol rather than replacing it. Moreover, a text driven video synthesis method is suggested to test the attack resilience of audio-video based authentication systems.Feature extraction/matching are core aspects of pattern recognition including biometrics. Testing the discrimination versus generalization abilities of a feature family is a significant task of the feature design. A new set of features are suggested that use symmetric patterns and their corresponding symmetry filters primarily for pattern recognition tasks of trust management. The second order complex moments of the local power spectrum in harmonic coordinates represented by the generalized structure tensor (GST) enables the detection of the position and orientation of these patterns simultaneously. This special property is exploited to detect and describe the identities of symmetric patterns in natural environments as well as when used as artificial markers. Applications such as eye detection, camera calibration, and symmetry codes are presented indicating their usefulness.
Wave Power Absorption as a Function of Water Level and Wave Height: Theory and Experiment (2010)

This paper investigates the sensitivity of a wave power system to variations in still water levels and significant wave heights. The system consists of a floating point absorber connected to a linear generator on the seabed. Changing still water levels are expected to affect the power absorption, since they will displace the equilibrium position for the generator translator. Similarly, changing significant wave heights will affect the rate at which the translator leaves the stator. Both these effects will in some cases result in a smaller active area of the stator. A theoretical expression to describe this effect is derived, and compared to measured experimental values for the wave energy converter <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> 1 at the Lysekil research site. During the time of measurements, the still water levels at the site were in the range of [-0.70 m, +0.46 m ], and the significant wave heights in the range of [0 m, 2.7 m]. The experimental values exhibit characteristics similar to those of the theoretical expression, especially with changing significant wave heights.
Tuberculosis infection in young children: a screening based on skin and blood testing (2012)

Objectives: progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to tuberculosis (TB) is higher in children younger than 5 years because of anergy of their immune system. Accurate diagnosis of LTBI is a desiderable goal in achieving effective TB control particularly in young children, because the preventive chemotherapy is effective and relatively safe. Aim of this study was to evaluate the "performance" of a commercially available Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay [QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT); Cellestis Ltd., Victoria, Australia] in this vulnerable population.\nMethods: in a retrospective study, QFT-IT test was performed in 145 young children ≤ 5 years of age, recent close contact of active pulmonary TB during the period April 2007-December 2010. Tuberculin skin test (TST; 5UI Biocine Test PPD; Chiron, Siena) was available only in 112 (77.2%) children.\nResults: in our pediatric population: mean age was 2.5 ± 1.5 years, 74 (51%) subjects were born in Italy from immigrant families, 9 (6.2%) were BCG-vaccinated. QFT-IT was positive in 24 (16.6%) children, negative in 112 (77.2%) and indeterminate in 9 (6.2%). TST was positive (cut-off  10 mm) in 28 (25%) of 112 evaluated patients. By statistical analysis, TST and QFT-IT showed a fair agreement: 82.9%, k=0.52. Among the discordant results (n=19): 12 (63.2%) children were TST-positive/QFT-IT-negative, of them 7 (58.3%) were BCG-vaccinated. Three (42.9%) of 7 patients TST-negative/QFT-IT-positive had TB and 4 (57.1%) had LTBI. \nAmong 16 children TST-positive/QFT-IT-positive, 10 had clinical diagnosis of active TB and 6 of LTBI. In this group the analysis of IFN-gamma level as continuous variable revealed: 7/10 (70%) children with active pulmonary TB showed high level of IFN-gamma (10 UI/ml) and a TST size ranging from 10 mm to 15 mm; 3/6 (50%) children with a diagnosed LTBI had high IFN-gamma level 10 UI/ml and a TST size of 11-20 mm.\nConclusion: these preliminary data suggest and support the potential advantages of using blood test, e.g. QFT-IT, in young children ≤ 5 years for diagnosing LTBI.
Expression of Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene and malignant behavior of musculoskeletal tumors. (1996)

Overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met/HGF receptor), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase encoded by the met proto-oncogene, has been associated with tumor progression in different human carcinomas. More recently, the Met/HGF receptor has also been described in tumor cell lines of mesenchymal origin, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop that may contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcomas. In this study, we analyzed the expression of Met/HGF receptor by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in frozen samples of 87 primary tumors of bone and soft tissues. Among benign tumors, overexpression was consistently found only in giant-cell tumor, a locally aggressive lesion that may also, although rarely, spread to the lung. Among malignant lesions, the presence of the Met/HGF receptor was detected in a relevant percentage of primaries and in almost all of the recurrences. The highest levels of Met/HGF receptor were found in osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive tumor that typically permeates the host bone and rapidly expands to the soft tissues. On the contrary, only low levels of Met/HGF receptor were found in chondrosarcoma, a slowly growing tumor that usually expands without massive destruction of the surrounding structures. These data indicate an association of Met/HGF expression with local aggressiveness in human mesenchymal tumors. The finding of Met/HGF receptor overexpression in all of the osteosarcomas suggests a role for the met proto-oncogene in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 5‐Amino‐3‐methylisoxazole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Hydrazide with Carbonyl Compounds: Immunological Activity and QSAR Studies of Products. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Engineering Living Functional Materials (2015)

Natural materials, such as bone, integrate living cells composed of organic molecules together with inorganic components. This enables combinations of functionalities, such as mechanical strength and the ability to regenerate and remodel, which are not present in existing synthetic materials. Taking a cue from nature, we propose that engineered ‘living functional materials’ and ‘living materials synthesis platforms’ that incorporate both living systems and inorganic components could transform the performance and the manufacturing of materials. As a proof-of-concept, we recently demonstrated that synthetic gene circuits in Escherichia coli enabled biofilms to be both a functional material in its own right and a materials-synthesis platform. To demonstrate the former, we engineered E. coli biofilms into a chemical-inducer-responsive electrical switch. To demonstrate the latter, we engineered E. coli biofilms to dynamically organize biotic-abiotic materials across multiple length scales, template gold nanorods, gold nanowires, and metal/semiconductor heterostructures, and synthesize semiconductor nanoparticles (Chen, A. Y. et al. (2014) Synthesis and patterning of tunable multiscale materials with engineered cells. Nat. Mater. 13, 515–523.). Thus, tools from synthetic biology, such as those for artificial gene regulation, can be used to engineer the spatiotemporal characteristics of living systems and to interface living systems with inorganic materials. Such hybrids can possess novel properties enabled by living cells while retaining desirable functionalities of inorganic systems. These systems, as living functional materials and as living materials foundries, would provide a radically different paradigm of materials performance and synthesis–materials possessing multifunctional, self-healing, adaptable, and evolvable properties that are created and organized in a distributed, bottom-up, autonomously assembled, and environmentally sustainable manner.
Molecular determinants of cardiac fibroblast electrical function and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation (2010)

Cardiac fibroblasts account for about 75% of all cardiac cells, but because of their small size contribute only ∼10-15% of total cardiac cell volume. They play a crucial role in cardiac pathophysiology. For a long time, it has been recognized that fibroblasts and related cell types are the principal sources of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which organize cardiac cellular architecture. In disease states, fibroblast production of increased quantities of ECM proteins leads to tissue fibrosis, which can impair both mechanical and electrical function of the heart, contributing to heart failure and arrhythmogenesis. Atrial fibrosis is known to play a particularly important role in atrial fibrillation (AF). This review article focuses on recent advances in understanding the molecular electrophysiology of cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiac fibroblasts express a variety of ion channels, in particular voltage-gated K(+) channels and non-selective cation channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. Both K(+) and TRP channels are important determinants of fibroblast function, with TRP channels acting as Ca(2+)-entry pathways that stimulate fibroblast differentiation into secretory myofibroblast phenotypes producing ECM proteins. Fibroblasts can couple to cardiomyocytes and substantially affect their cellular electrical properties, including conduction, resting potential, repolarization, and excitability. Co-cultured preparations of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts generate arrhythmias by a variety of mechanisms, including spontaneous impulse formation and rotor-driven reentry. In addition, the excess ECM proteins produced by fibroblasts can interrupt cardiomyocyte-bundle continuity, leading to local conduction disturbances and reentrant arrhythmias. A better understanding of the electrical properties of fibroblasts should lead to an improved comprehension of AF pathophysiology and a variety of novel targets for antiarrhythmic intervention.
Corona-Directed Nucleic Acid Delivery into Hepatic Stellate Cells for Liver Fibrosis Therapy (2015)

Strategies to modify nanoparticles with biological ligands for targeted drug delivery in vivo have been widely studied but met with limited clinical success. A possible reason is that, in the blood circulation, serum proteins could rapidly form a layer of protein "corona" on the vehicle surface, which might block the modified ligands and hamper their targeting functions. We speculate that strategies for drug delivery can be designed based upon elegant control of the corona formation on the vehicle surfaces. In this study, we demonstrate a retinol-conjugated polyetherimine (RcP) nanoparticle system that selectively recruited the retinol binding protein 4 (RBP) in its corona components. RBP was found to bind retinol, and direct the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-laden RcP carrier to hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which play essential roles in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. In both mouse fibrosis models, induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL), respectively, the ASO-laden RcP particles effectively suppressed the expression of type I collagen (collagen I), and consequently ameliorated hepatic fibrosis. Such findings suggest that this delivery system, designed to exploit the power of corona proteins, can serve as a promising tool for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Dyotropic Rearrangements of Tetraazafulvalenes — A New Approach to Aminosubstituted 1,4,5,8‐Tetraazanaphthalenes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
HLA associations, somatic loss of HLA expression, and clinical outcomes in immune aplastic anemia (2021)

Immune aplastic anemia (AA) features somatic loss of HLA class I allele expression on bone marrow cells, consistent with a mechanism of escape from T-cell-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The clinical significance of HLA abnormalities has not been well characterized. We examined the somatic loss of HLA class I alleles and correlated HLA loss and mutation-associated HLA genotypes with clinical presentation and outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy in 544 AA patients. HLA class I allele loss was detected in 92 (22%) of the 412 patients tested, in whom there were 393 somatic HLA gene mutations and 40 instances of loss of heterozygosity. Most frequently affected was HLA-B*14:02, followed by HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-B*08:01, and HLA-B*07:02. HLA-B*14:02, HLA-B*40:02, and HLA-B*07:02 were also overrepresented in AA. High-risk clonal evolution was correlated with HLA loss, HLA-B*14:02 genotype, and older age, which yielded a valid prediction model. In 2 patients, we traced monosomy 7 clonal evolution from preexisting clones harboring somatic mutations in HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-B*40:02. Loss of HLA-B*40:02 correlated with higher blood counts. HLA-B*07:02 and HLA-B*40:01 genotypes and their loss correlated with late-onset of AA. Our results suggest the presence of specific immune mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis with clinical implications. HLA genotyping and screening for HLA loss may be of value in the management of immune AA. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00001964, NCT00061360, NCT00195624, NCT00260689, NCT00944749, NCT01193283, and NCT01623167.