gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Offline Torque Sharing Function for Torque Ripple Reduction in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (2015)

In this paper, an offline torque sharing function (TSF) for torque ripple reduction in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives over a wide speed range is proposed. The objective function of an offline TSF is composed of two secondary objectives with a Tikhonov factor to minimize the square of the phase current (copper loss) and derivatives of current references (rate of change of flux linkage). The proposed TSFs with different Tikhonov factors are compared with the conventional TSFs including linear, cubic, and exponential TSFs in terms of efficiency and torque-speed performance while operating in both magnetic linear and saturation regions. Then, the Tikhonov factor is selected based on a tradeoff between the copper loss and torque-speed performance. The maximum torque-ripple-free speed of the selected offline TSF is validated to be seven times as high as the best case in these conventional TSFs. The performance of the offline TSF is verified by simulations and experiments with a 2.3-kW, three-phase 12/8 SRM. Results show that the proposed offline TSF can significantly reduce the torque ripple of SRM without increasing copper loss over a wide speed range.
Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi – current perspective (2009)

Phosphorus is abundant in soils in both organic and inorganic forms; nevertheless, it is unavailable to plants. Accordingly, soil becomes phosphorus (P)-deficient, making P one of the most important nutrient elements limiting crop productivity. To circumvent the P deficiency, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms could play an important role in making P available for plants by dissolving insoluble P. The dissolution of inorganic P by microbial communities including fungi is though common under in vitro conditions; the performance of phosphate-solubilizing microbes in situ has been contradictory. Fungi exhibit traits such as mineral solubilization, biological control, and production of secondary metabolites. As such, their potential to enhance plant growth when present in association with the roots is clear. The challenge is how to make use of such biological resources to maintain soil health while increasing the crop productivity by providing P to plants through the application of phosphate-solubilizing fungi. The present review focuses on the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, development and mode of fungal inoculants application and mechanisms of growth promotion by phosphate-solubilizing fungi for crop productivity under a wide range of agro-ecosystems, and the understanding and management of P nutrition of plants through the application of phosphate-solubilizing fungi will be addressed and discussed.
Design of Polymers with Semiconductor, NLO and Structural Properties. (1991)

Abstract : A major objective of this research program has been to explore unique optical effects which we have speculated to exist in ladder polymers. By steadily improving the solubility and processability through utilization of derivitization and precursor routes we have been able to form the first optical quality films of a ladder polymer and have achieved high resolution characterization of optical nonlinearity in these materials. We have thus succeeded in all our stated objectives, in addition we have examined for the first time numerous other systems of promising optical nonlinearity. Details of the synthesis, characterization and optical measurements of the most promising of the systems examined is contained in the body of this report. At the moment it is sufficient to say that an enormous amount of original research has been achieved through direct support of this grant, a measure of this can be readily seen if one examines the accompanying bibliography of manuscripts published through AFOSR support.
An Old Target Revisited: Two New Privileged Skeletons and an Unexpected Binding Mode For HIV‐Protease Inhibitors (2005)

Favored entrance for the privileged. Two inhibitor structures to address the active site of aspartic proteases have been developed. They are equipped with a central hydroxysulfone unit and, alternatively, a pyrrolidine moiety and decorated with rationally designed side chains. The hydroxysulfones bind to HIV protease as expected, whereas the pyrrolidines display a surprising, previously unreported binding mode.
Pattern Formation in Active Fluids (2011)

We discuss pattern formation in active fluids in which active stress is regulated by diffusing molecular components. Nonhomogeneous active stress profiles create patterns of flow which transport stress regulators by advection. Our work is motivated by the dynamics of the actomyosin cell cortex in which biochemical pathways regulate active stress. We present a mechanism in which a single diffusing species up regulates active stress, resulting in steady flow and concentration patterns. We also discuss general pattern-formation behaviors of reaction-diffusion systems placed in active fluids.
Identification of Altered Protein Expression and Post-Translational Modifications in Primary Colorectal Cancer by Using Agarose Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Although numerous proteome studies have been performed recently to identify cancer-related changes in protein expression, only a limited display of relatively abundant proteins has been identified. The aim of this study is to identify novel proteins as potential tumor markers in primary colorectal cancer tissues using a high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Experimental Design: 2-DE using an agarose gel for isoelectric focusing was used to compare protein profiling of 10 colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa. Altered expression and post-translational modification of several proteins were examined using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results: Ninety-seven proteins of 107 spots (90.7%) that were differentially expressed between matched normal and tumor tissues were identified by mass spectrometry. Among them, 42 unique proteins (49 spots) significantly increased or decreased in the tumors. They include eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H, inorganic pyrophosphatase, anterior gradient 2 homologue, aldolase A, and chloride intracellular channel 1, whose elevated expression in tumor tissues was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, only isoform 1 of two transcript variants of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H was greatly up-regulated in most of the tumor tissues. Moreover, post-translational modifications of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase β subunit and annexin A2 also were identified. Conclusions: We identified several novel proteins with altered expression in primary colorectal cancer using agarose 2-DE. This method is a powerful technique with which to search for not only quantitative but also qualitative changes in a biological process of interest and may contribute to the deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms of human cancer.
Velocity effect in defect detection for ferrite metals by electromagnetic NDT (2018)

Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for moving ferrite metal component is a challenging topic because of the magnetic fields generated by the motion induced eddy current (MIEC) and ferrite magnetization in sample. The magnetic fields distribution inside the moving ferrite metal are more complicated. Therefore, an accurate and efficient NDT technique for monitoring the health condition of metal component with the high-speed is an urgent problem. In order to investigate the influence of velocity effect on defect detection of ferrite metal components, a numerical simulation model of the electromagnetic NDT system by using Finite element method was established, and the relationship between the detection signal and velocity considering the different defect depths and widths are deeply analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the speed, the MIEC is stronger and the dragging effect is more obvious, which are the new phenomenon for the moving sample compared with the static sample. Furthermore, the defect width and depth can be reflected by the magnetic flux density, and the strength of the magnetic flux density increases with the increase of the speed, which is advantageous to the localization and characterization of the defect. The findings in this paper are helpful and beneficial to propose a new NDT method for the defect detection in the moving ferrite metals, such as rail tracks and pipelines.
Amyloid‐β analysis from brain cells using microfluidics and mass spectrometry (2021)

Background Soluble amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers are identified as the main neurotoxic species in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Currently, little is known about intracellular Aβ in human brains mainly due to a lack of a technology to access the proteomic cell content. Here, we developed a microfluidic assay for in situ mass spectrometry (MS) detection of immunocaptured Aβ from microdissected human brain cells using our previously established MIcrofluidic platform in tandem with MALDI-TOF MS (MIMAS). Moreover, Aβ monomers (Aβ-M) and oligomers (Aβ-O) were characterized extensively in vitro with multiple analytical techniques in preparation for the MIMAS assay from brain sections. Methods To load cells directly on-chip, the MIMAS platform was coupled with laser capture microdissection (LCM). After all sample preparation steps on-chip, the elastomer platform is peeled-off from the conductive substrate, which serves as the target in the MS analysis. We employed antibody 6E10 for the affinity capture. Aβ-M and Aβ-O were prepared and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, MALDI-MS, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) was used to cross-link Aβ. Results The LCM-MIMAS coupling allowed for cell loading on-chip with 70% efficiency. We further implemented Aβ immunocapture on-chip showing the functioning principle of the assay in the microfluidic format. Gel characterization of native Aβ did not resolve Aβ-O, while the cross-linked Aβ-O species obtained with the PICUP technique were successfully observed. MALDI-MS spectra of native Aβ-O showed a range of different oligomeric species, up to 8-mers for Aβ40 and 12-mers for Aβ42, showing the capability to detect native Aβ-O with cross-linking. AFM imaging revealed oligomer heights of 1.38±1.03 nm for Aβ40-O and 11.25±10.4 nm for Aβ42-O. In agreement with MALDI, AFM showed larger oligomers for Aβ42-O. Conclusions The LCM-MIMAS approach could overcome the current limitations of accessing protein cell content, allowing the study of Aβ from brain cells. The Aβ characterization will facilitate the optimization of the assay. We plan to study soluble Aβ species from specific cell subpopulations in post-mortem brain tissue from the frontal cortex and hippocampus regions. The identification of AD-related Aβ species in brain cells could provide valuable insights into the disease.
Real-time seam tracking for rocket thrust chamber manufacturing (2002)

A sensor-based control approach for real-time seam tracking of rocket thrust chamber assemblies has been developed to enable automation of a braze paste dispensing process. This approach utilizes a non-contact multi-axis seam tracking (MAST) sensor to track the seams. The MAST sensor measures capacitance variations between the sensor and the workpiece and produces four varying voltages which are read directly into the robot controller. A PID control algorithm which runs at the application program level has been designed based upon a simple dynamic model of the combined robot and sensor plant. The control algorithm acts on the incoming sensor signals in real-time to guide the robot motion along the seam path. Experiments demonstrate that seams can be tracked at 100 mm/sec within the accuracy required for braze paste dispensing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flame retardance in polyester fabric radiolytically grafted with bromostyrene (1983)

Abstract Ionizing radiation was employed to graft bromostyrene (BSy) onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric. The fire‐retardant effect of the polymerized monomer on PET fabric was evaluated both by LOI tests and by DTA and TGA methods under conditions of controlled total combustion. The yields of HBr and BSy evolved during pyrolysis in the presence and absence of oxygen were determined. A linear correlation was found between ΔOI values and yields of HBr, and the implications of this finding are discussed. It is suggested on the strength of DTA and TGA results under total combustion conditions that the fire‐retardant effect of poly(bromostyrene) manifests itself mainly by a physical‐mode mechanism through a significant reduction in the release of flammable gases.
Vertically coupled microring resonators using polymer wafer bonding (2001)

A new technique is presented to make vertically coupled semiconductor microring resonators that eases the fabrication process with devices more robust to ring-to-waveguide misalignments. Single-mode microring optical channel dropping filters are demonstrated for the first time in this configuration with Qs greater than 3000 and an on-resonance channel extinction greater than 12 dB. A 1/spl times/4 multiplexer/demultiplexer crossbar array with second-order microrings was also made and exhibited channel-to-channel crosstalk lower than 10 dB.
Effect of NaZn/Nai ratio on structural, optical, and electrical properties of Na-doped ZnO thin films (2017)

In this paper, Na-doped ZnO (NZO) thin films were prepared via a dip-coating sol-gel method with Na doping content in a range of 0 at. %–3 at. %. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the NaZn/Nai ratio (r) increased with Na doping contents from 1 at. %–3 at. %. The effect of the NaZn/Nai ratio on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of NZO thin films was investigated. As the NaZn/Nai ratio increased, the lattice constant exhibited a continuous increase and resulted in the presence of increasing compressive stress in the NZO films. When the NaZn/Nai ratio was less than 1 (r&amp;lt;1), the electron concentration of NZO films increased continuously. However, when r&amp;gt;1, it decreased. The Hall mobility was mainly limited by ionized impurity scattering and displayed a decrease trend with the increasing NaZn/Nai ratio. Due to the Burstein-Moss effect, the optical energy band gaps (Eg) of NZO films got slightly enlarged as compared with that of the undoped ZnO film. Considering the relationship between the Burstein-Moss shift and the carrier concentration, the enlargement of Eg was actually determined by the NaZn/Nai ratio as well as the doping content.
Machine Learning-based Classification of Combustion Events in an RCCI Engine Using Heat Release Rate Shapes (2022)

Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode offers high thermal efficiency and low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions. However, high cyclic variability at low engine load and high pressure rise rates at high loads limit RCCI operation. Therefore, it is important to control the combustion event in an RCCI engines to prevent abnormal engine combustion. To this end, combustion in RCCI mode was studied by analyzing the heat release rates calculated from the in-cylinder pressure data at 798 different operating conditions. Five distinct heat release shapes are identified. These different heat release traces were characterized based on start of combustion, burn duration, combustion phasing, maximum pressure rise rate, maximum amount of heat release, maximum in-cylinder gas temperature and pressure. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches are used to classify different types of heat release rates. K-means clustering, an unsupervised algorithm, could not cluster the heat release traces distinctly. Convolution neural network (CNN) and decision trees, supervised classification algorithms, were designed to classify the heat release rates. The CNN algorithm showed 70% accuracy in predicting the shapes of heat release rates while decision tree resulted in 74.5% accuracy in predicting different heat release rate traces.
Chemical Composition of Fresh and Salted Lumpfish(Cyclopterus lumpus)Roe (1998)

Abstract Fresh and stored heavily or lightly salted lumpfish roe was examined. Proximate composition was not influenced by processing. Fresh and lightly salted roe had similar compositions of fatty acids and total amino acids. Lightly salted roe had increased levels of free fatty acids, peroxide values, thiobarbituric acid values and free amino acids. Composition of free amino acids also differed. The results indicated that lipid hydrolysis, lipid oxidation, and liberation of amino acids occurred during storage of heavily salted roe prior to desalting. Trime-thylamine and trimethylamine oxide concentrations were low or unde-tectable in all roes.
2-APB and CBD-Mediated Targeting of Charged Cytotoxic Compounds Into Tumor Cells Suggests the Involvement of TRPV2 Channels (2019)

Targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds to particular cell types such that they only affect the target cells is of great clinical importance since it can minimize undesired side effects. For example, typical chemotherapeutic treatments used in the treatment of neoplastic disorders are cytotoxic not only to cancer cells but also to most normal cells when exposed to a critical concentration of the compound. As such, many chemotherapeutics exhibit severe side effects, often prohibiting their effective use in the treatment of cancer. Here, we describe a new means for facilitated delivery of a clinically used chemotherapy compound' doxorubicin, into hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (BNL1 ME). We demonstrate that these cells express a large pore, cation non-selective transient receptor potential (TRP) channel V2. We utilized this channel to shuttle doxorubicin into BNL1 ME cells. We show that co-application of either cannabidiol (CBD) or 2-APB, the activators of TRPV2 channels, together with doxorubicin leads to significantly higher accumulation of doxorubicin in BNL1 ME cells than in BNL1 ME cells that were exposed to doxorubicin alone. Moreover, we demonstrate that sub-effective doses of doxorubicin when co-applied with either 2-APB or CBD lead to a significant decrease in the number of living BNL1 ME cell and BNL1 ME cell colonies in comparison to application of doxorubicin alone. Finally, we demonstrate that the doxorubicin-mediated cell death is significantly more potent, requiring an order of magnitude lower dose, when co-applied with CBD than with 2-APB. We suggest that CBD may have a dual effect in promoting doxorubicin-mediated cell death by facilitating the entry of doxorubicin <i>via</i> TRPV2 channels and preventing its clearance from the cells by inhibiting P-glycoprotein ATPase transporter. Collectively, these results provide a foundation for the use of large pore cation-non selective channels as "natural" drug delivery systems for targeting specific cell types.
Exact results for the orbital angular momentum of magnons on honeycomb lattices (2022)

We obtain exact results for the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of magnons at the high symmetry points of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) honeycomb lattices in the presence of Dzyallonshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. For the FM honeycomb lattice in the absence of DM interactions, the values of the OAM at the corners of the Brillouin zone (BZ) (k1∗=(0,23/9)2π/a,k2∗=(1/3,3/9)2π/a,…) are alternately±3ℏ/16for both magnon bands. The presence of DM interactions dramatically changes those values by breaking the degeneracy of the two magnon bands. The OAM values are alternately3ℏ/8and 0 for the lower magnon band and-3ℏ/8and 0 for the upper magnon band. For the AF honeycomb lattice, the values of the OAM at the corners of the BZ are∓(3ℏ/16)κon one of the degenerate magnon bands and±(3ℏ/8)(1+κ/2)on the other, where<i>κ</i>measures the anisotropy and the result is independent of the DM interaction.
Identification of the current distribution on a radome from near-field measurements (2002)

Information about the equivalent current distribution on a radome can be used to improve radome design, detect manufacturing errors, and to verify numerical simulations. In this paper, the transformation from near-field data to the equivalent current distribution is analyzed. The transformation is based on a singular value decomposition of the surface integral equation that relates the equivalent current to the near-field data. The attempt is to develop a mathematical model that easily can be used for arbitrary geometric structures. The symmetries of a specific problem is used to reduce the computational complexity. Both synthetic data and measured data are used to verify the algorithm.
Colorimetric Scanner Characterisation (2003)

In this paper, methods for the colorimetric characterisation of colour scanners are proposed and evaluated. These methods apply equally to other colour image input devices such as digital cameras. The goal of our characterisation is to establish the relationship between the device-dependent colour space of the scanner and the device-independent CIELAB colour space. The scanner characterisation is based on polynomial regression techniques. Several regression schemes have been tested. The retained method consists in applying a non-linear correction to the scanner RGB values followed by a 3rd order 3D polynomial regression function directly to CIELAB space. This method gives very good results in terms of residual colour differences. This is partly due to the fact that the RMS error that is minimised in the regression corresponds to ΔE*ab which is well correlated to visual colour differences.
An infrared study of D₂O and H₂O inert matrices (2011)

Infrared spectra of and H₂O and D₂O trapped in solid argon, krypton and nitrogen have been obtained at 4°K. In addition, spectra have been recorded of D₂O in carbon tetrachloride and ammonia matrices at 77°K, and of a dilute solution of D₂O in carbon tetrachloride at 25°C. Dilution studies involving changing the matrix to water ratio from 50 to 500 have been carried out with D₂O in argon at 4°K. Changes in the spectra of D₂O and H₂O in argon, krypton and nitrogen matrices during warm-up have been observed. The dilution and warm-up studies have made it possible to assign certain peaks to monomer, low polymer and higher polymers. The complex spectra of H₂O and D₂O in argon, krypton and nitrogen at liquid helium temperatures are discussed, and previous simple explanations involving molecular association, rotation and multiple trapping sites advanced by other workers are shown to be inadequate. Consideration is given to the isotope effect and interactions with the matrix in an attempt to account for the observed spectra.