gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Is an Important Regulator of Cutaneous Immunity: Effect on Dendritic Cell and T Cell Functions (2011)

Some cutaneous inflammations are induced by percutaneous exposure to foreign Ags, and many chemical mediators regulate this inflammation process. One of these mediators, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is a neuropeptide released from nerve endings in the skin. CGRP binds to its receptors composed of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 and calcitonin receptor-like receptor to modulate immune cell function. We show that CGRP regulates skin inflammation under physiological conditions, using contact hypersensitivity (CHS) models of receptor activity-modifying protein 1-deficient mice. CGRP has different functions in CHS responses mediated by Th1 or Th2 cells; it inhibits Th1-type CHS, such as 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene-induced CHS, but promotes Th2-type CHS, such as FITC-induced CHS. CGRP inhibits the migration of Langerin(+) dermal dendritic cells to the lymph nodes in 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene-induced CHS, and upregulates IL-4 production of T cells in the draining lymph nodes in FITC-CHS. These findings suggest that CGRP regulates several types of CHS reactions under physiological conditions and plays an important role in cutaneous immunity.
Indicator of Reduction in Soil (IRIS) (2006)

Research and management of wetlands often requires the documentation of reducing soil conditions. Documentation of reduction in soils by measuring oxidation–reduction (redox) potentials using Pt electrodes is often difficult because of the time and cost involved in employing these techniques. This study evaluated a new procedure called Indicator of Reduction in Soil (IRIS) that has been recently developed to assist in the detection of reduced soil conditions. Polyvinyl‐chloride (PVC) tubes coated with a ferrihydrite paint were inserted into the upper 50 cm of the soil for periods of 12 to 32 d. Soil redox potentials, water table height, and soil temperature were measured concurrently. Upon removal, the tubes were analyzed to assess the loss of ferrihydrite paint from the tube surface. When ferrhydrite paint was substantially depleted from 20% of the area of the IRIS tube, 87% of the observations at the corresponding depth indicated the soil was reduced. When ferrhydrite paint was substantially depleted from 30% of the area of the IRIS tube, essentially all of the soil observations at corresponding depths showed that the soil was reduced. Although not without complications, IRIS tubes appear to be a promising new alternative to traditional methods used to identify reducing conditions in soil.
Review of Application of Data Driven Techniques in Discharge Rating Curve (2017)

Establishing a reliable rating curve is an integral part of water resource engineering.The present paper is a review of data driven techniques used for modelling the stage discharge relationship over the last two decades.Over the year's several data driven techniques such as ANN, SVM, MT, fuzzy logic and GA have been applied by researchers in quest of arriving at a reliable technique to model the stage discharge relationship.Although, during this period several techniques have been used to establish the stage discharge relationship but the application of modern optimization tools such as ACO, PSO or PS has remained limited in this field.Therefore, application of modern optimization techniques and their comparison with existing literature would be appreciated in near future.
[Molecular bases of chronic granulomatous disease--analysis of the involvement of cytosol factors for NADPH oxidase]. (1992)

During the past 5 years, the discovery of cell-free superoxide generation system (Bromberg Y, Pick E: Cell Immunol 88:213-221, 1984) has been revolutionized our understanding of phagocyte superoxide generation. Using cell-free system, it was clarified that NADPH oxidase for superoxide generation was comprised of components present in both the plasma membrane as well as in the cytosol. This oxidase could be kept inactive by keeping its components separated from each other within the cell and then quickly bringing them together in the plasma membrane upon activation. We analyzed cytosol components with column method, and clarified that 3 neutrophil cytosol factors (NCF-1/-2/-3) was necessary for reconstitute the cytosol activity which was missing in an autosomal recessive type of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) patients (Nunoi H, et al:Science 242:1298-1301, 1988). NCF-1/-2 were analyzed with B1 antibody and found their molecular weight as 47 and 67 kilodalton respectively. One of autosomal CGD patients was missing NCF-67k and the others were missing NCF-47k. NCF-47k and -67k were cloned with this antibody and sequenced and expressed as recombinant NCF-47k/-67k using baculovirus/insect cell system. Using these recombinants, we are trying to purify NCF-3 which is reported as small G protein in these days. Using monoclonal antibodies against these recombinants, we analyzed tissues with immunohistochemical methods and are trying to classify the type of CGD patients in Japan. In summary, at least five oxidase components now have been identified (alpha and beta chain of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox, p22-phox) and NCF-47k/-67k/-3 (p47-phox/p67-phox/delta-1 or SOCI)).
Yapilarin Modal Analizi icin Kalman S ¨ uzgecinin Tutarlilik Analizi Consistency Analysis of Kalman Filter for Modal Analysis of Structures (2009)

In this paper, Consistency Analysis of Kalman Filter for Modal Analysis of Structural Systems is made. As a future work, A fundamental Modal Analysis algorithm, Eigensystem Realiza- tion Algorithm(ERA) will be used with Kalman filters together to make a modal parameter estimation for a structural system. By applying ERA to the impulse response measurements taken from the structure, a state-space representation will be written. Kalman filter will be used as a state estimator in this study and it will have a critical role on minimizing the measurement noise. Before using Kalman filter with ERA, a consistency analysis of Kalman filter is made for artificial impulse response data of the structural system.
Observations of lightning phenomena using radio interferometry (1994)

A radio interferometer system is described which utilizes multiple baselines to determine the direction of lightning radiation sources with an angular resolution of a few degrees and with microsecond time resolution. An interactive graphics analysis procedure is used to remove fringe ambiguities from the data and to reveal the structure and development of lightning discharges inside the storm. Radiation source directions and electric field waveforms have been analyzed for different types of breakdown events for two lightning flashes. These include the initial breakdown and K type events of in‐cloud activity, the leaders of initial and subsequent strokes to ground, and activity during and following return strokes. Radiation during the initial breakdown of one flash was found to consist of intermittent, localized bursts of radiation that were slow moving. Source motion within a given burst was unresolved by the interferometer but was detected from burst to burst, with negative charge being transported in the direction of the breakdown progression. Radiation during initial leaders to ground was similar but more intense and continuous and had a characteristic intensity waveform. Radiation from in‐cloud K type events is essentially the same as for dart leaders; in both cases it is produced at the leading edge of a fast‐moving negative streamer that propagates along a well‐defined, often extensive, path. K type events are sometimes terminated by a fast field change that appears analogous to the field change of a return stroke. Dart leaders are sometimes observed to die out before reaching ground; these are termed “attempted leaders” and, except for their greater extent, are no different than K type events. Several modes of breakdown during and after return strokes have been documented and analyzed. One mode corresponds to the launching of a positive streamer away from the upper end of the leader channel, apparently as the return stroke reaches the leader start point. In another mode, the quenching of the dart leader radiation upon reaching ground reveals concurrent breakdown in the vicinity of the source region for the leader. In both instances the breakdown appears to establish channel extensions or branches that are followed by later activity of the flash. Finally, a new type of breakdown event has been identified whose electric field change and source development resemble those of an initial negative leader but which progresses horizontally through the storm. An example is shown which spawned a dart leader to ground.
Enhanced Voice Services Based VoLTE Rate Adaptation Mechanism to Improve Quality of Experience (2019)

In the past few years, there has been a proliferation of LTE networks and devices supporting the technology that has enabled millions of users to get connected. Operators have been using their LTE networks to provide voice services in the form of voice over LTE (VoLTE). Given the increase in popularity of VoLTe services operators want to provide better performance for this service even when radio conditions are sub-optimal. In addition, users also expect great call experience, irrespective of LTE coverage quality. Traditional VoLTe calls - where the bit-rate (or mode set) is static and does not change based on the call quality - can deliver degraded user experience under bad link quality and RF conditions. This paper presents a practical framework designed by Qualcomm which allows the device or user equipment (UE) to assess the quality a user may be experiencing on an Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) codec based VoLTe call and changes the bit-rate adaptively to improve user experience. Initial laboratory and field test results are presented in this paper.
Metabolism of Opicapone, a Novel COMT Inhibitor: Characterization of In Vitro Glucuronidation (2015)

Opicapone, is a novel catechol‐ O ‐methyltransferase inhibitor, currently in phase III of clinical trials. In this study the glucuronide derivatives of opicapone, as well as the other detected opicapone metabolites, were quantified in mouse plasma and the enzymes involved in opicapone glucuronidation in humans were investigated. Following orally administration to mouse, opicapone reached plasma C max within 1 h and was completely eliminated from circulation by 48 h. Although opicapone sulphate and nitro reduced derivatives were detected, the primary metabolic pathway of opicapone in mouse model involved 3‐O‐glucuronidation. Opicapone glucuronidation was observed in liver and intestinal human microsomes with a K m of 27.9±6.47 µM and 41.9±26.9 µM, respectively. Among the 12 commercially available human recombinant UGT enzymes, only UGT 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 1A10 exhibited high opicapone glucuronidation specific activity. UGTs 1A1, 1A3 and 2B7 exhibited low glucuronidation rate, whereas no glucuronidation was observed with 1A4, 2B15, 2B17 and 2B4. UGT 1A9 had the highest formation rate of 3‐O‐glucuronide‐opicapone, with a K m similar to that obtained for UGT 1A1 and UGT 2B7 but with significantly higher intrinsic clearance. Nevertheless multiple UGT enzymes, most notable UGT 1A9 widely expressed in human liver, seems to be involved in the opicapone glucuronidation.
Genome-Wide Control of the Distribution of Meiotic Recombination (2009)

Meiotic recombination events are not randomly distributed in the genome but occur in specific regions called recombination hotspots. Hotspots are predicted to be preferred sites for the initiation of meiotic recombination and their positions and activities are regulated by yet-unknown controls. The activity of the Psmb9 hotspot on mouse Chromosome 17 (Chr 17) varies according to genetic background. It is active in strains carrying a recombinant Chr 17 where the proximal third is derived from Mus musculus molossinus. We have identified the genetic locus required for Psmb9 activity, named Dsbc1 for Double-strand break control 1, and mapped this locus within a 6.7-Mb region on Chr 17. Based on cytological analysis of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and crossovers (COs), we show that Dsbc1 influences DSB and CO, not only at Psmb9, but in several other regions of Chr 17. We further show that CO distribution is also influenced by Dsbc1 on Chrs 15 and 18. Finally, we provide direct molecular evidence for the regulation in trans mediated by Dsbc1, by showing that it controls the CO activity at the Hlx1 hotspot on Chr 1. We thus propose that Dsbc1 encodes for a trans-acting factor involved in the specification of initiation sites of meiotic recombination genome wide in mice.
Graphene and Graphene-like Two-Dimensional Materials in Photodetection: Mechanisms and Methodology (2014)

Graphene and graphene-like two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention due to its extraordinary electronic and optical properties, which accommodate a large potential in optoelectronic applications such as photodetection. However, although much progress has been made, many challenges exist in fundamental and practical aspects hindering graphene and graphene-like 2D materials from photodetector and other photonic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we review the recent progress in photodetection based on graphene and graphene-like 2D materials and start with the summary of some most important physical mechanisms, including photoelectric, photo-thermoelectric, and photo-bolometric regimes. Then methodology-level discussions are given from viewpoints of state-of-the-art designs in device geometry and materials. It is worth emphasizing that emerging photodetection and photodetectors based on graphene-like 2D materials such as metal chalcogenide nanosheets are reviewed systematically. Finally, we conclude this review in a brief discussion with remaining challenges in photodetection of two-dimensional photonics and optoelectronics (2D POE) and note that complete understandings of 2D materials and 2D POE may inspire solar energy conversion and other new applications.
Improving the modeling of the noise part in the harmonic plus noise model of speech (2008)

Harmonic + noise model (HNM) is a hybrid model of speech with a harmonic component and a noise component. While the harmonic part describes efficiently the periodicities in speech signals (voiced parts), modeling of the noise part introduces artifacts primarily because of the specific time-domain characteristics of noise in voiced speech. In this paper, we concentrated on the modeling of noise in voiced frames. To model the temporal characteristics of noise, we study three time envelopes in the context of HNM; triangular envelope, Hilbert envelope and energy envelope. Listening tests showed a clear preference for the Energy envelope and Hilbert envelope for male voices and to a lesser extent the same conclusions can be drawn for female voices.
TEMPO‐Based Catholyte for High‐Energy Density Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2014)

A TEMPO-based non-aqueous electrolyte with the TEMPO concentration as high as 2.0 m is demonstrated as a high-energy-density catholyte for redox flow battery applications. With a hybrid anode, Li|TEMPO flow cells using this electrolyte deliver an energy efficiency of ca. 70% and an impressively high energy density of 126 W h L(-1) .
Ecel1 Knockdown With an AAV2-Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 System Promotes Optic Nerve Damage-Induced RGC Death in the Mouse Retina (2018)

Our data suggest that Ecel1 induction is part of the retinal neuroprotective response to axonal injury in mice. These findings might provide insight into novel therapeutic targets for the attenuation of RGC damage, such as occurs in traumatic optic neuropathy.
Distribution of Marcaine® in an it in vitro model of the subarachnoid space conforming to actual spinal column geometries (1997)

To study factors influencing the distribution of local anaesthetics in the subarachnoid space, an in vitro model is constructed which takes into account the natural curvature of the spinal column and the volume occupation of spinal cord and nerve fibres to resemble the in vivo situation. Three Marcaine solutions of different baricity (1003, 1008, 1030 kg/m3) are injected with a 22 G, a 27 G Quincke point needle and a 18 G multiport catheter into three models of non-pathological spinal columns with injection flow speeds of 0.6, 0.2 or 0.1 ml/s. Methylene blue is added for visual and qualitative assessment of drug distribution. Baricity is the main actor in the spreading of the drug solution. For all other variables, no significant difference is found after ten minutes, though the initial distribution may differ according to the geometry used. A hypobaric solution yields a remarked difference between fast and slower injections. The position of the catheter should be controlled.
All‐Natural Oil‐Filled Microcapsules from Water‐Insoluble Proteins (2014)

The formation and characterization of a novel class of all‐natural digestible microcapsules containing a liquid lipid core encapsulated by a water‐insoluble protein shell with tunable thickness is demonstrated. As an example of a water‐insoluble protein, zein is used—the protein of corn—which is an attractive biomaterial from a sustainable source. The microcapsules are prepared by a direct and simple method, based on the precipitation of protein from the continuous phase of an oil‐in‐(water/ethanol) emulsion onto the oil droplets without the need of any surfactant. The shell thickness can be controlled by the amount of precipitated protein. An in vitro digestion assay is performed to study the lipid hydrolysis and biodegradability. The rate of lipid hydrolysis and release of fatty acids are highly dependent on the protein shell thickness. All‐natural edible microcapsules with controlled degradation under gastrointestinal conditions can enable new applications for oral delivery systems. They may further be used as a model system for controlled release studies of lipophilic compounds and could promote the sustainable use of underutilized water insoluble proteins as functional biomaterials.
The Effect of Additives in Room Temperature Molten Salt - based Lithium Battery Electrolytes (2003)

Several organic solvent electrolytes used in lithium batteries were added to the electrolyte based on 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) in order to improve the deposition/dissolution behavior of lithium metal. The selected solvents for this purpose were ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and vinylene carbonate (VC). All of the selected electrolytes were effective in improving the reversible lithium deposition/dissolution on a steinless-steel electrode when added in 10 w/o. Among the selected solvents, VC provided the best behavior due to its good film-forming ability on the lithium surface in EMIBF4.
Report from the Biennial Scientific Meeting of the Australasian Section of the American Oil Chemists Society (AAOCS) Held in Adelaide, November 2011 (2012)

The Australasian section of the American Oil Chemists Society (AAOCS) held their biennial meeting in Adelaide, Australia on 8–11 November 2011. Over 70 scientists, researchers and industry representatives gathered for three days of talks and discussions on lipid related topics. A highlight was the hot topic symposium on the new olive oil standard being introduced in Australia. Paul Miller, Australian Olives Association, gave a compelling address on why the standard was needed. He demonstrated that the increase in price and demand for high quality olive oils has led to products falsely or misleadingly labelled. Furthermore, the genetic and seasonal variation in minor components of olive oil has led to misclassifications. An extensive scientific and political process in Australia and overseas led to development of this new standard. Dr. Leandro Ravetti, Mordern Olives, demonstrated the development of two new methods, for analysis of pyropheophytins and diacylglycerols, are good indicators of modification by deodorisation of oils and show excellent correlation with organoleptic assessment with aging/degradation of extra virgin olive oils. Professor Rod Mailer finished this session with studies of actual adulteration cases in Australia and overseas, further highlighting the need for this new standard. [...]
Cardiac Stem Cell Treatment in Myocardial Infarction (2016)

CSC treatment resulted in significant improvement of ejection fraction in preclinical animal models of MI compared with placebo. There was a reduction in the magnitude of effect in large compared with small animal models. Although different CSC types have overlapping culture characteristics, we observed a significant difference in their effect in post-MI animal studies.
A cold-loving crenarchaeon is a substantial part of a novel microbial community in cold sulphidic marsh water (2006)

In this paper, we report the identification and first characterization of a novel, cold-loving, prokaryotic community thriving among white-greenish 'streamers' in the cold (c. 10 degrees C) sulphurous water of the marsh Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. It consists of the bacterial genus Thiothrix, the bacterium 'Sip100' and one archaeal representative, forming together a unique association structure with a distinct life cycle. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies have revealed that the archaeal member can be affiliated to the crenarchaeal kingdom ('Cre1'). This crenarchaeon was always observed attached to the bacterial community member 'Sip100'. Extended fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed that this crenarchaeon was not detected in a free-living form, raising the idea of a probable host-dependent relationship. In line with our fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, novel crenarchaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified in these samples. The design and application of a new in situ cultivation method in the sulphurous water of the marsh allowed first insights into the cohesion mechanisms, lifestyle and chronology of the microbes involved in this prokaryotic community in nature. Our results suggest that hitherto unknown Crenarchaeota thrive in cold sulphidic water and are a substantial part of a synchronized microbial community.
Functionalization of lanthanum hydroxide nanowires by atom transfer radical polymerization (2007)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been used to prepare a core–shell hybrid nanostructure successfully: a hard core of single-crystalline lanthanum hydroxide nanowires and a soft shell of polystyrene (PS) brushes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the resulting products presented special structures and different thicknesses of polymer layers. The chemical components and grafted PS quantities of the samples were measured by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polymers showed narrow polydispersity, which proved that the lanthanum hydroxide nanowires initiated the 'living'/controlled polymerization of styrene. With the modifiability of lanthanum hydroxide nanowires, the solubility increased, which affords a new way to functionalize nanowires.
Accuracy, satisfaction and usability of a flash glucose monitoring system among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes attending a summer camp (2018)

The FGM exhibited satisfactory clinical accuracy. However, based on the present data, we conclude that no decision should be taken on the basis of a single, non-verified, FGM value alone. Our study highlights the need for revised therapeutic education for patients/families and further investigation on the integration of sensor readings in clinical decision-making.