gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Web-Based Reference Database With Natural Language Searching Capabilities: Usability Evaluation of DynaMed and Micromedex With Watson (Preprint) (2022)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Evidence-based point-of-care information (POCI) tools can facilitate patient safety and care by helping clinicians to answer disease state and drug information questions in less time and with less effort. However, these tools may also be visually challenging to navigate or lack the comprehensiveness needed to sufficiently address a medical issue. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aimed to collect clinicians’ feedback and directly observe their use of the combined POCI tool DynaMed and Micromedex with Watson, now known as DynaMedex. EBSCO partnered with IBM Watson Health, now known as Merative, to develop the combined tool as a resource for clinicians. We aimed to identify areas for refinement based on participant feedback and examine participant perceptions to inform further development. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Participants (N=43) within varying clinical roles and specialties were recruited from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, between August 10, 2021, and December 16, 2021, to take part in usability sessions aimed at evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of, as well as satisfaction with, the DynaMed and Micromedex with Watson tool. Usability testing methods, including think aloud and observations of user behavior, were used to identify challenges regarding the combined tool. Data collection included measurements of time on task; task ease; satisfaction with the answer; posttest feedback on likes, dislikes, and perceived reliability of the tool; and interest in recommending the tool to a colleague. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> On a 7-point Likert scale, pharmacists rated ease (mean 5.98, SD 1.38) and satisfaction (mean 6.31, SD 1.34) with the combined POCI tool higher than the physicians, nurse practitioner, and physician’s assistants (ease: mean 5.57, SD 1.64, and satisfaction: mean 5.82, SD 1.60). Pharmacists spent longer (mean 2 minutes, 26 seconds, SD 1 minute, 41 seconds) on average finding an answer to their question than the physicians, nurse practitioner, and physician’s assistants (mean 1 minute, 40 seconds, SD 1 minute, 23 seconds). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Overall, the tool performed well, but this usability evaluation identified multiple opportunities for improvement that would help inexperienced users. </sec>
Effect of Systemic Inducing Resistance and Biostimulant Materials on Apple Scab Using a Detached Leaf Bioassay (2010)

A detached leaf bioassay was used to evaluate several systemic inducing resistance agents, a range of biostimulant products and a conventional triazole fungicide (myclobutanil) on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) development under laboratory conditions. None of the biostimulant products (seaweed extract, betaine, molasses, humic acid, yucca extract, and plant hormone/vitamin complex) evaluated in this study inhibited germination of apple scab conidia, subsequent formation of appressoria or reduced leaf scab severity compared to water treated controls. All SIR agents used in this investigation (potassium phosphonate, potassium phosphite, harpin protein, salicylic acid, salicylic acid derivative) inhibited germination of apple scab conidia, subsequent formation of appressoria and reduced leaf scab severity. The synthetic fungicide myclobutanil resulted in the greatest levels of germination inhibition, reduced appressorium development and leaf scab severity. Results suggest application of an appropriate SIR product may provide a useful addition to existing methods of apple scab management; however, use of biostimulants as scab protectant compounds appears limited.
Phase Noise Robustness of a Coherent Spatially Parallel Optical Reservoir (2019)

Reservoir computing is a machine learning technique that is particularly adapted to process time dependent information [1]. It is also very well suitable to experimental implementations, and in particular photonic implementations [2, 3].
Data from Paradigms on Immunotherapy Combinations with Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Checkpoint inhibitors are being added to standard-of-care chemotherapy in multiple clinical trials. Success has been reported in non–small and small cell lung carcinomas and urothelial, head and neck, gastric, and esophageal cancers, and promising results are already available in triple-negative breast and pancreatic malignancies. The potential mechanisms of synergy include immunogenic tumor cell death, antiangiogenesis, selective depletion of myeloid immunosuppressive cells, and lymphopenia, which reduces regulatory T cells and makes room for proliferation of effector T cells. However, chemotherapy regimens have not been optimized for such combinations, perhaps explaining some recent clinical trial disappointments. Approaches to make the most of chemoimmunotherapy include neoadjuvant and adjuvant schemes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; Immunotherapy of cancer based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has prompted a revolution in cancer clinical management. Evidence in phase III clinical trials already supports combinations of immunotherapy with standard-of-care chemotherapy for a number of malignant diseases. This review focuses on such evidence and provides an overview of the potential synergistic mechanisms of action and the opportunities to optimize chemoimmunotherapy regimens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Canonical Correlation Analysis: An Overview with Application to Learning Methods (2004)

We present a general method using kernel canonical correlation analysis to learn a semantic representation to web images and their associated text. The semantic space provides a common representation and enables a comparison between the text and images. In the experiments, we look at two approaches of retrieving images based on only their content from a text query. We compare orthogonalization approaches against a standard cross-representation retrieval technique known as the generalized vector space model.
Identification of a novel inactivating mutation in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1-R314C) in a high grade astrocytoma (2016)

The majority of low-grade and secondary high-grade gliomas carry heterozygous hotspot mutations in cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or the mitochondrial variant IDH2. These mutations mostly involve Arg132 in IDH1, and Arg172 or Arg140 in IDH2. Whereas IDHs convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) with simultaneous reduction of NADP(+) to NADPH, these IDH mutants reduce α-KG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) while oxidizing NADPH. D-2-HG is a proposed oncometabolite, acting via competitive inhibition of α-KG-dependent enzymes that are involved in metabolism and epigenetic regulation. However, much less is known about the implications of the metabolic stress, imposed by decreased α-KG and NADPH production, for tumor biology. We here present a novel heterozygous IDH1 mutation, IDH1(R314C), which was identified by targeted next generation sequencing of a high grade glioma from which a mouse xenograft model and a cell line were generated. IDH1(R314C) lacks isocitrate-to-α-KG conversion activity due to reduced affinity for NADP(+), and differs from the IDH1(R132) mutants in that it does not produce D-2-HG. Because IDH1(R314C) is defective in producing α-KG and NADPH, without concomitant production of the D-2-HG, it represents a valuable tool to study the effects of IDH1-dysfunction on cellular metabolism in the absence of this oncometabolite.
Use of virginiamycin to control the growth of lactic acid bacteria during alcohol fermentation (1997)

The antibiotic virginiamycin was investigated for its effects on growth and lactic acid production by seven strains of lactobacilli during the alcoholic fermentation of wheat mash by yeast. The lowest concentration of virginiamycin tested (0.5 mg Lactrol kg-1 mash), was effective against most of the lactic acid bacteria under study, but Lactobacillus plantarum was not significantly inhibited at this concentration. The use of virginiamycin prevented or reduced potential yield losses of up to 11% of the produced ethanol due to the growth and metabolism of lactobacilli. However, when the same concentration of virginiamycin was added to mash not inoculated with yeast, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. paracasei grew after an extensive lag of 48 h and L. plantarum grew after a similar lag even in the presence of 2 mg virginiamycin kg-1 mash. Results showed a variation in sensitivity to virginiamycin between the different strains tested and also a possible reduction in effectiveness of virginiamycin over prolonged incubation in wheat mash, especially in the absence of yeast.
GENEHUNTER: Your ‘One-Stop Shop’ for Statistical Genetic Analysis? (2002)

The past decade has brought a proliferation of statistical genetic (linkage) analysis techniques, incorporating new methodology and/or improvement of existing methodology in gene mapping, specifically targeted towards the localization of genes underlying complex disorders. Most of these techniques have been implemented in user-friendly programs and made freely available to the genetics community. Although certain packages may be more 'popular' than others, a common question asked by genetic researchers is 'which program is best for me?'. To help researchers answer this question, the following software review aims to summarize the main advantages and disadvantages of the popular GENEHUNTER package.
Comparing the streaming of FGS encoded video at different aggregation levels: frame, GoP, and scene (2005)

Abstract Fine granularity scalability (FGS), a new coding technique that has recently been added to the MPEG‐4 video coding standard, allows for the flexible scaling of each individual video frame at very fine granularity. This flexibility makes FGS video very well suited for rate‐distortion optimized streaming mechanisms, which minimize the distortion (i.e. maximize the quality) of the streamed video by transmitting the optimal number of bits for each individual frame. The per‐frame optimization of the transmission schedule, however, puts a significant computational burden on video servers and intermediate streaming gateways. In this paper we investigate the rate‐distortion optimized streaming at different video frame aggregation levels. We find that compared to the optimization for each individual video frame, optimization at the level of video scenes reduces the computational effort dramatically, while reducing the video quality only very slightly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Expression and distribution of ‘high affinity’ glutamate transporters GLT1, GLAST, EAAC1 and of GCPII in the rat peripheral nervous system (2008)

l-Glutamate is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system, but recently it has been shown to have a role also in the transduction of sensory input at the periphery, and in particular in the nociceptive pathway. An excess of glutamate is implicated in cases of peripheral neuropathies as well. Conventional therapeutic approaches for treating these diseases have focused on blocking glutamate receptors with small molecules or on reducing its synthesis of the receptors through the inhibition of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), the enzyme that generates glutamate. In vivo studies have demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of GCPII can either prevent or treat the peripheral nerve changes in both BB/Wor and chemically induced diabetes in rats. In this study, we characterized the expression and distribution of glutamate transporters GLT1, GLAST, EAAC1 and of the enzyme GCPII in the peripheral nervous system of female Wistar rats. Immunoblotting results demonstrated that all glutamate transporters and GCPII are present in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the sciatic nerve. Immunofluorescence localization studies revealed that both DRG and sciatic nerves were immunopositive for all glutamate transporters and for GCPII. In DRG, satellite cells were positive for GLT1 and GCPII, whereas sensory neurons were positive for EAAC1. GLAST was localized in both neurons and satellite cells. In the sciatic nerve, GLT1 and GCPII were expressed in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells, whereas GLAST and EAAC1 stained the myelin layer. Our results give for the first time a complete characterization of the glutamate transporter system in the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, they are important both for understanding glutamatergic signalling in the PNS and for establishing new strategies to treat peripheral neuropathies.
How many degrees of freedom can be achieved for mutually interfering MIMO broadcast channels? (2011)

In this paper, we consider homogeneous mutually interfering multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channels(MI-MIMO-BC). It is investigated that maximally achievable spatial degrees of freedom(DoF) for MI-MIMO-BC with constant channel coefficients. Assuming that there are two base station(BS) M transmit antennas, and each mobile stations(MS) has N receive antennas, it is shown that maximally min(M + N - 1, 2M) DoF can be achieved. We formulate zero intra- and inter-cell interference equations as function of the precoders and decoders. By checking solvability of these equations as multivariate polynomial equations, an achievable DoF upper bound can be obtained. To achieve the DoF upper bound, at least M + N - 1 MSs in each cell when M + N is an even number or M + N - 1/2 MSs when M + N is an odd number are required. Our analysis is verified by numerical results.
Composite Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Made of Permalloy or Sendust and Effect of Sendust Particle Size on Absorption Characteristics (2008)

The effects of the size and shape of sendust particles on the absorption characteristics of composite electromagnetic wave absorbers made of polystyrene resin and sendust were investigated. We also investigated the difference in the absorption characteristics between permalloy and sendust. The sendust particles were granular or flakes and those of permalloy were granular. The size of sendust particles was varied in the range from approximately 5 to 20μm. A metal-backed single layer absorber made of a composite containing small sendust particles absorbed more than 99% of electromagnetic wave power in the frequency range from 1 to 3GHz. The values of the real part μr of the relative complex permeability μ ∗ r for both magnetic materials became less than unity and had a minimum value at frequencies above 10 GHz. The composite made of small sendust particles exhibited a return loss of less than −20 dB at frequencies near 35GHz for a suitable sample thickness.
Your life on hold: the effect of telephone waiting time on customer perception (1997)

Customer phone contact with companies is a service encounter that can turn out to be a liability if customers perceive their time on hold as too long or unenjoyable. This paper reports on two studies that demonstrated that different waiting conditions (silence, music, or choice of listening alternatives) affected customer-perceived waiting time and customer perception/satisfaction with the company.
A dedicated clinic for HIV-positive individuals over 50 years of age: a multidisciplinary experience (2012)

The HIV-infected population is ageing. Issues including polypharmacy and co-morbidities led us to develop a dedicated clinic for HIV-infected individuals over 50. We describe our service evaluation after two years. The over 50 clinic commenced in January 2009. The team comprises a registrar, consultant, nurse practitioner and is supported by a pharmacist and mental health services. Patients undergo a full medication and drug interactions review, neurocognitive assessment, adherence self-assessment and investigations including therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) and bone mineral density. Over two years of activity, 150 patients attended the service. Median (range) age was 58 (50-88), all were on combined antiretroviral therapy and 38% (57/150) were on ≥3 non-HIV drugs. CACS was high (>90th centile) in 14%. Thirty-eight percent had osteopaenia and 18% had osteoporosis requiring treatment. Thirteen out of 125 men had an increased prostate specific antigen, four were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Drug interaction, TDM and neurocognitive assessments were useful for several patients. Asymptomatic patients over 50 in long-term follow-up had new pathologies detected through targeted screening. The clinic has improved general practitioner (GP) liaison and facilitated closer working relationships with other specialties. Patients have reacted positively to the clinic, particularly as many do not routinely access their GP.
End-to-End Latent Fingerprint Search (2019)

Latent fingerprints are one of the most important and widely used sources of evidence in law enforcement and forensic agencies. Yet the performance of the state-of-the-art latent recognition systems is far from satisfactory, and they often require manual markups to boost the latent search performance. Further, the COTS systems are proprietary and do not output the true comparison scores between a latent and reference prints to conduct quantitative evidential analysis. We present an end-to-end latent fingerprint search system, including automated region of interest (ROI) cropping, latent image preprocessing, feature extraction, feature comparison, and outputs a candidate list. Two separate minutiae extraction models provide complementary minutiae templates. To compensate for the small number of minutiae in small ridge area and poor quality latents, a virtual minutiae set is generated to construct a texture template. A 96-dimensional descriptor is extracted for each minutia from its neighborhood. For computational efficiency, the descriptor length for virtual minutiae is further reduced to 16 using product quantization. Our end-to-end system is evaluated on four latent databases: NIST SD27 (258 latents); MSP (1200 latents), WVU (449 latents), and N2N (10 000 latents) against a background set of 100K rolled prints, which includes the true rolled mates of the latents with rank-1 retrieval rates of 65.7%, 69.4%, 65.5%, and 7.6%, respectively. A multi-core solution implemented on 24 cores obtains 1-ms per latent to rolled comparison.
Long-term exposure to low-level ambient air pollution and incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of six European cohorts within the ELAPSE project (2021)

Health Effects Institute.
Ff Gene 5 Protein Has a High Binding Affinity for Single-Stranded Phosphorothioate DNA (2001)

The gene 5 protein (g5p) of Ff bacteriophages is a well-studied model ssDNA-binding protein that binds cooperatively to the Ff ssDNA genome and single-stranded polynucleotides. Its affinity, Kω (the intrinsic binding constant times a cooperativity factor), can differ by several orders of magnitude for ssDNAs of different nearest-neighbor base compositions [Mou, T. C., Gray, C. W., and Gray, D. M. (1999) Biophys. J. 76, 1537−1551]. We found that the DNA backbone can also dramatically affect the binding affinity. The Kω for binding phosphorothioate-modified S-d(A)36 was >300-fold higher than for binding unmodified P-d(A)36 at 0.2 M NaCl. CD titrations showed that g5p bound phosphorothioate-modified oligomers with the same stoichiometry as unmodified oligomers. The CD spectrum of S-d(A)36 underwent the same qualitative change upon protein binding as did the spectrum of unmodified DNA, and the phosphorothioate-modified DNA appeared to bind in the normal g5p binding site. Oligomers of d(A)36 with different proportions of phosphorothioate nucleotides had binding affinities and CD perturbations intermediate to those of the fully modified and unmodified sequences. The influence of phosphorothioation on binding affinity was nearly proportional to the extent of the modification, with a small nearest-neighbor dependence. These and other results using d(ACC)12 oligomers and mutant proteins indicated that the increased binding affinity of g5p for phosphorothioate DNA was not a polyelectrolyte effect and probably was not an effect due to the altered nucleic acid structure, but was more likely a general effect of the properties of the sulfur in the context of the phosphorothioate group.
Erbium-doped-fiber amplifier with passive spectral-gain equalization (1993)

The erbium-doped-fiber amplifier (EDFA) is attractive for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) networks owing to its high gain, low noise, and low cross talk. The 3-dB-gain bandwidth of EDFA’s is typically 3-8 nm but can be increased to ~30 nm with appropriate techniques.1 However, in these cases the gain band is not flat, exhibiting a small ripple (~±1 dB). When combined with wavelength-dependent losses in the transmission fiber and optical components in the link, such variations limit the number of amplifiers that can be cascaded before a significant difference in signal levels develops between channels. Ideally, the signal levels should be actively2 or passively compensated after each amplifier to equalize all channels.
Ring transformations by ring‐chain‐transfer. V. Synthesis of amino‐, hydroxy‐ and mercaptoalkylpyrazoles by reaction of 3‐functionalized acrylonitriles with hydrazine hydrate (1991)

Abstract 3‐Alkylamino, 3‐alkoxy or 3‐alkylthioacrylonitriles whose leaving group is incorporated in a saturated heterocyclic ring are 1,3‐bifunctional electrophiles. They react with hydrazine hydrate at the cyano group by addition as well as at position 3 by opening the saturated ring. By this ring transformation new 5‐aminopyrazoles are formed which are additionally substituted by an ω‐functionalized alkyl chain in position 3 .
Towards Detection of Road Weather Conditions using Large-Scale Vehicle Fleets (2020)

Bad weather conditions such as heavy rain, black ice and fog can have a significant impact on road safety. Currently vehicle safety technologies such as the electronic stability program work reactive to hazardous situations. In this paper, we propose the use of crowd-sourced vehicle data to improve road-weather models and provide real-time local warnings for weather-related hazards. We present our initial results from a field test where we used vehicle CAN-bus data and low cost external sensors to observe local weather phenomena. The CAN-bus contains, among others, data on vehicle dynamics such as wheel speeds. Our approach is to isolate anomalies within these signals. Our initial research suggests some anomalies are weather related and can be used to describe local weather phenomena. Furthermore, the externally installed sensors provide more information on which we can build our assumptions. The results show that the gathered measurements are consistent with the reliable observations from road weather stations.