gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Multinary Noble Metal–Free Oxygen Reduction Catalyst (2018)

Abstract In the endeavor of discovering new noble metal–free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, noble metal–free multinary transition metal nanoparticle libraries are investigated. The complexity of such multiple principal element alloys provides access to a large variety of different elemental compositions, each with potentially unique properties. The strategy for efficient identification of novel electrocatalytically active systems comprises combinatorial co‐sputtering into an ionic liquid followed by potential‐assisted immobilization of the formed nanoparticles at a microelectrode which allows the evaluation of their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media. A surprisingly high intrinsic activity is found for the system Cr–Mn–Fe–Co–Ni, which is at least comparable to Pt under the same conditions, an unexpected result based on the typical properties of its constituents. Systematic removal of each element from the quinary alloy system yields a significant drop in activity for all quaternary alloys, indicating the importance of the synergistic combination of all five elements, likely due to formation of a single solid solution phase with altered properties which enables the limitations of the single elements to be overcome. Multinary transition metal alloys as a novel material class in electrocatalysis with basically unlimited possibilities for catalyst design, targeting the replacement of noble metal–based materials, are suggested.
Middle meningeal--middle cerebral artery anastomosis for cerebral ischemia. (1979)

A new technique of anastomosing the middle meningeal artery to a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery is described. A case is presented in which the operation was technically successful and the immediate clinical result was good. Long-range follow-up is necessary and a larger series will be needed for study before the merits of the technique can be judged adequately. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are described, as well as possible indications and future studies.
Design and realization of hearing aids based 3D rapid shell mold ing CADCAM (2009)

This paper reports on the technique of rapid production of hearing aids with rapid shell modelling (RSM) Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CADCAM). It will be worthwhile to understand how the virtual shell designed with RSM from the ear impression. And this virtual shell model is then used as the template to manufacture the actual shell by the RP machine. A detailed description of the processing will be given in this paper. There is also a comparison of conventional manufacturing and this new method processing. We determine that this technique has made a large impact on hearing aid processing and fitting. This new method processing will enhance and provide outstanding, high-quality hearing aid shell production capabilities to customers. Its systems reduce the time and cost of designing products and facilitate direct and indirect manufacturing by creating actual parts directly from digital input.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Site‐Selective N‐Acyliminium Ion Cyclization: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Glochidine and (.+‐.)‐Glochidicine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Counterion-Induced Modulation in the Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of Amphiphilic Hydrogelators: Influence of in-Situ-Synthesized Ag−Nanoparticle on the Bactericidal Property (2011)

The necessity for the development of new antimicrobial agents due to the ever increasing threat from microbes is causing a rapid surge in research. In the present work, we have shown the efficient antimicrobial activity of a series of amino acid-based hydrogelating amphiphiles through alteration in their counterion. The subtle variation in the counterion from chloride to various organic carboxylates had a significant impact on the antimicrobial properties with notable improvement in biocompatibility toward mammalian cells. Incorporation of a hydrophobic moiety in the counterion augmented the antibacterial property of the amphiphilic hydrogelator as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis decreased up to 5-fold (with respect to the chloride) in the case of n-hexanoate. These counterion-varied amphiphilic hydrogelators were also found to be effective against fungal strains (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) where they exhibited MICs in the range of 1.0-12.5 μg/mL. To widen the spectrum of antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ within the supramolecular assemblies of the carboxylate hydrogelators. These AgNP-amphiphile soft-nanocomposites showed bactericidal property against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Encouragingly, these carboxylate hydrogelators showed superior biocompatibility toward mammalian cells, HepG2 and NIH3T3, as compared to the chloride analogue at a concentration range of 10-200 μg/mL. Importantly, the AgNP composites also showed sufficient viability to mammalian cells. Because of the intrinsic hydrogelation ability of these counterion-varied amphiphiles, the resulting soft materials and the nanocomposites could find applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering.
Spatio-temporal diffusion of dynamic PET images (2011)

Positron emission tomography (PET) images are corrupted by noise. This is especially true in dynamic PET imaging where short frames are required to capture the peak of activity concentration after the radiotracer injection. High noise results in a possible bias in quantification, as the compartmental models used to estimate the kinetic parameters are sensitive to noise. This paper describes a new post-reconstruction filter to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in dynamic PET imaging. It consists in a spatio-temporal robust diffusion of the 4D image based on the time activity curve (TAC) in each voxel. It reduces the noise in homogeneous areas while preserving the distinct kinetics in regions of interest corresponding to different underlying physiological processes. Neither anatomical priors nor the kinetic model are required. We propose an automatic selection of the scale parameter involved in the diffusion process based on a robust statistical analysis of the distances between TACs. The method is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations of brain activity distributions. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method and its superior performance over two other post-reconstruction spatial and temporal filters. Our simulations suggest that the proposed method can be used to significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio in dynamic PET imaging.
Time and energy complexity of distributed computation in wireless sensor networks (2005)

We consider a scenario where a wireless sensor network is formed by randomly deploying n sensors to measure some spatial function over a field, with the objective of computing the maximum value of the measurements and communicating it to an operator station. We view the problem as one of message passing distributed computation over a geometric random graph. The network is assumed to be synchronous; at each sampling instant each sensor measures a value, and then the sensors collaboratively compute and deliver the maximum of these values to the operator station. Computation algorithms differ in the messages they need to exchange, and our formulation focuses on the problem of scheduling of the message exchanges. We do not exploit techniques such as source compression, or block coding of the computations. For this problem, we study the computation time and energy expenditure for one time maximum computation, and also the pipeline throughput. We show that, for an optimal algorithm, the computation time, energy expenditure and the achievable rate of computation scale as /spl Theta/(/spl radic/ n/log n), /spl Theta/(n) and /spl Theta/(1/log n) asymptotically (in probability) as the number of sensors n/spl rarr//spl infin/. We also analyze the performance of three specific computational algorithms, namely, the tree algorithm, multihop transmission, and the ripple algorithm, and obtain scaling laws for the computation time and energy expenditure as n/spl rarr//spl infin/. Simulation results are provided to show that our analysis indeed captures the correct scaling; the simulations also yield estimates of the constant multipliers in the scaling laws. Our analyses throughout assume a centralized scheduler and hence our results can be viewed as providing bounds for the performance with a distributed scheduler.
Toward Developing a Design Method of Personalization: Proposal of a Personalization Procedure (2018)

Personalization of products and services is promising not only to enhance customer satisfaction but also to realize sustainable consumption and production. An obstacle in personalizing more products and services is the lack of instruction for designers working on personalization. Our research objective is to develop design methodology to realize personalization for supporting providers of personalization. First, this paper starts with the analysis of the process of personalization and suggest that there are various procedures for creating personalized products and services and to design procedure is the key for personalization design. Then, this paper proposes two conceptual levels and design process of personalization. This paper finally examines this methodology through a case study.
Noise factor and gain of a near-infrared sensitive hybrid detector for use in communications (1990)

We have measured the noise factor and the gain of a high gain, low noise, large area hybrid detector for use at near infrared wavelengths (850-900 nm). The detector consists of an image intensifier tube optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Pulseheight analysis techniques enabled us to observe single photoelectron and dark electron events. We acquired pulseheight distributions using a pulseheight analysis system we designed based on a spectroscopy preamplifier and a spectroscopy amplifier/gated integrator with variable integration time. From these distributions we calculated noise factor and gain for the combined detector as well as its individual components. We found that the noise factors ranged from 1.89 at 5 kY bias to 1.64 at 9 kY bias. The gain also depended on the bias voltage with a maximum of 8x106 PMT anode electrons for every electron from the intensifier's photocathode at 9 kY bias. We compared our results to those obtained using conventional techniques and found that pulseheight analysis is a valid and useful method for characterizing devices.
Differential Activation of p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Spinal Cord in a Model of Bee Venom-Induced Inflammation and Hyperalgesia (2008)

The results indicate that differential activation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the dorsal horn may contribute to the generation and development of BV-induced pain hypersensitivity by different mechanisms.
Introducing CloudLab: Scientific Infrastructure for Advancing Cloud Architectures and Applications. (2014)

Do you have an idea for improving cloud computing? Do you need to instantiate a complete cloud stack so that you can improve part of it? Replace part of it? Tune it to better support a particular scientific workload? This article introduces CloudLab, a new multi-site facility that we are building to support cloud research.
Thermohydrogen Processing of 3D Screen Printed Titanium Parts (2016)

The present study addresses the need for grain refinement in free sintered titanium alloys produced by 3D screen printing. Thermohydrogen processing (THP) was used for temporary alloying Ti-6Al-4V with hydrogen to refine its microstructure. The impact on microstructure was investigated by a parameter study with varying temperatures, exposure times and hydrogen partial pressures. Heat treated specimens were examined by optical microscopy, XRD and thermal analysis. The influence of the refined microstructure on the mechanical properties was evaluated by tensile and microhardness testing. Ultrafine grained microstructures with ultimate tensile strengths of up to more than 1000 MPa could be produced.
Automatic decomposition of selective needle-detected myoelectric signals (1988)

A procedure for the storage and documentation of myoelectric signals has been developed that consists of a selective needle signal detection protocol, a data collection-compression routine, an adaptive signal decomposition algorithm, and an error filter. The collection-compression routine stores only fixed-length signal epochs that contain motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) detected during individual motor unit firings. The decomposition algorithm assigns the collected MUAPs to candidate motor units, based on template matching using power-spectrum domain features and firing-time criteria calculated from the motor units' firing statistics. Power spectrum features allow the use of Nyquist sampling rates and remove the need for template alignment. The algorithm is adaptive and attempts to minimize dependent errors. The error filter, using firing statistics, accounts for unresolved superpositions and other decomposition errors. Using a standard TECA single-fiber needle electrode, signal recorded during isometric, constant, or slow force-varying contractions of up to 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction level, have been successfully analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nitroimidazole-Containing H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa Derivatives as Potential PET Imaging Agents of Hypoxia with 68Ga (2015)

(68)Ga is an attractive radiometal for use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The success of (68)Ga-based agents is dependent on a chelator that exhibits rapid radiometal incorporation, and strong kinetic inertness to prevent transchelation of (68)Ga in vivo. The linear chelating agents H2dedpa (1,2-[[6-carboxypyridin-2-yl]methylamino]ethane) and H2CHXdedpa (CHX = cyclohexyl/cyclohexane) (N4O2) have recently been developed that bind Ga(3+) quickly and under mild conditions, ideal properties to be incorporated into a (68)Ga PET imaging agent. Herein, nitroimidazole (NI) derivatives of H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa to investigate specific targeting of hypoxic tumor cells are investigated, given that NI can be reduced and retained exclusively in hypoxic cells. Nine N,N'-bis-alkylated derivatives of H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa have been synthesized; they have been screened for their ability to bind gallium, and cyclic voltammetry of nonradioactive complexes was performed to probe the redox cycling mechanism of NI. The compounds were radiolabeled with (67)Ga and (68)Ga and show promising radiolabeling efficiencies (>99%) when labeled at 10(-5) M for 10 min at room temperature. Moreover, stability studies (via apo-transferrin challenge, 37 °C) show that the (67)Ga complexes exhibit exceptional stability (86-99% intact) after 2 h. In vitro uptake studies under hypoxic (0.5% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions in three cancerous cell lines [HT-29 (colon), LCC6(HER-2) (breast), and CHO (Chinese hamster ovarian)] were performed. Of the four H2dedpa or H2CHXdedpa NI derivatives tested, all showed preferential uptake in hypoxic cells compared to normoxic cells with hypoxic/normoxic ratios as high as 7.9 ± 2.7 after 120 min. The results suggest that these novel bis-alkylated NI-containing H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa ligands would be ideal candidates for further testing in vivo for PET imaging of hypoxia with (68)Ga.
Interventions in the Human Genome: Some Moral and Ethical Considerations (1998)

In the debate regarding the different possibilities for gene therapy, it is presupposed that the manipulations are limited to the nuclear genome (nDNA). Given recent advances in genetics, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and diseases must be considered as well. In this paper, we propose a three dimensional framework for the ethical debate of gene therapy where we add the genomic type (nDNA vs. mtDNA) as a third dimension to be considered beside the paradigmatic dimensions of target cell (somatic vs. germ-line) and purpose (therapeutic vs. enhancement). Somatic gene therapy can be viewed today as generally accepted, and we review the contemporary arguments surrounding it on the basis of bioethical-pragmatic, socio-political and deontological classifications. Many of the supposed ethical questions of somatic gene therapy today are not new; they are well-known issues of research ethics. We also critically summarize the different international perspectives and the German ethical discussion regarding manipulations of germ-line cells.
FLEXURAL STIFFNESS AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF FLOWER STALKS FROM ALLIUM SATIVUM AS MEASURED BY MULTIPLE RESONANCE FREQUENCY SPECTRA (1988)

Multiple resonance frequency spectra (MRFS) provide a rapid and repeatable method for determining the flexural stiffness and modulus of elasticity, E, of segments of plant stems and leaves. Each resonance frequency in a spectrum can be used to compute E, and removal of the distal portion of an organ produces characteristic shifts in spectra dependent upon the geometry of an organ. Hence, MRFS can be used to quantitatively determine the extent to which a particular leaf or stem morphology can be modelled according to beam theory. MRFS of flower stalks of Allium sativum L. are presented to illustrate the technique. The fundamental, f 1, and higher resonance frequencies, f 2 … f n, of stems and the ratios of f 2 /f 1 f 3 /f 1, and f 3 /f 2 increase as stalk length is reduced by clipping. The magnitudes of these shifts conform to those predicted from the MRFS of a linearly tapered beam. Morphometric data confirm this geometry in 21 flower stalks. Based on this model, the average modulus equals 3.71 × 10 8 ± 0.32 × 10 8 N/m 2 , which compares favorably with values of E determined by static loading (3.55 × 10 8 ± 0.22 × 10 8 N/m 2 ) and is in general agreement with ultrasonic measurements (3.8 × 10 8 to 4.4 × 10 8 N/m 2 ). Data indicate that determinations of E from a single resonance frequency are suspect, since each resonance frequency yields slightly different values for E. Statistical evaluations from all the frequencies within a MRFS are more reliable for determining E and testing the appropriateness of beam theory to evaluate the biomechanical properties of plants.
A modified MPPT algorithm using incremental conductance for constant power generation of photovoltaic systems (2017)

Nowadays, many solar photovoltaics (PV) are installed in the power grid. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is used to maximize the power in solar PV. However, the power maximum in PV can cause overvoltage in the power grid. Therefore, this paper discusses a modified Incremental conductance (IC) MPPT algorithm for constant power generation (CPG) under fluctuated solar irradiation. This method is combining MPPT with power control adjustment for limiting the maximum feed-in power of solar PV systems. The proposed control strategy will be able to regulate two conditions of solar PV operation, first for MPP operation on under reference power and second for GPG operation on upper reference power. Simulation results of proposed control method have verified for various reference power and irradiance and show high accuracy, stable and fast response.
A systematic review of validated methods for identifying lymphoma using administrative data (2012)

The International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision diagnostic, clinical procedure, and complication codes for lymphoma can identify incident hematologic malignancies and solid tumors with high specificity but with relatively low to moderate sensitivity and PPVs. When diagnostic and procedure codes were required on the same visit or multiple codes between visits, then PPV was increased. Relying on a single registry to confirm true positive cases is also not sufficient.
Telex: Principled System Support for Write-Sharing in Collaborative Applications (2008)

The Telex system is designed for sharing mutable data in a distributed environment, particularly for collaborative applications. Users operate on their local, persistent replica of shared documents; they can work disconnected and suffer no network latency. The Telex approach to detect and correct conflicts is application independent, based on an action-constraint graph (ACG) that summarises the concurrency semantics of applications. The ACG is stored efficiently in a multilog structure that eliminates contention and is optimised for locality. Telex supports multiple applications and multi-document updates. The Telex system clearly separates system logic (which includes replication, views, undo, security, consistency, conflicts, and commitment) from application logic. An example application is a shared calendar for managing multi-user meetings; the system detects meeting conflicts and resolves them consistently.
OXIDATION RESISTANT ANTILEUKOPROTEINASE MUTANT (ALP 231) HAS NO THERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN ENDOTOXIN SHOCK MODELLS IN RAT AND MICE. (1997)

Flohé, S.; Schncider, J.; Heinze-Wieland, R.; Schade, F. U.; Steffens, G. Author Information
TRIMETHYLENEMETHANE DERIVATIVES - ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND ENERGY LEVELS (1980)

[FIGURE] The trimethylenemethane (TMM) derivatives 2-methylene-1,3 cyclopentadienyl (I) and 2-isopropylidene-1,3 cyclopentadienyl (II) have been studied using \\emph{ab initio} wavefunctions constructed from a (9s5p/4s) / [4s3p/2s] Gaussian basis set. The states of interest are the planar $^{3}B_{2}, ^{1}A_{1}$, and $^{1}B_{2}$; and the perpendicular, or orthogonal $^{1}B_{1}$ and $^{3}B_{1}$. Optimized singled configuration wavefunctions were used for all states except the $^{1}A_{1}$ state for which an optimized two-configuration wavefunction was used. These derivatives are quite similar to TMM itself - $^{3}B_{2}$ is a highly delocalized structure; $^{1}B_{2}$, $^{3}B_{1}$ and $^{1}B_{1}$ resemble allyl plus methyl, while $^{1}A_{1}$ may be described as ethylene plus two methyls. Comparison of compounds I, II, geometry-optimized TMM, and TMM fragments with the I and II geometries shows that the energy levels of TMM are altered both by the geometric discortion and the alkyl substitution achieved by the incorporation of TMM in a cyclopentyl ring. In the case of compound I, the lowest singlet is $^{1}A_{1}$, which is 9.1 Kcal/mole above $^{3}B_{2}$. $^{1}B_{1}$ is 5.2 Kcal/mole higher. When the same geometries are used for compound II, $^{1}A_{1}$ is 10.9 Kcal/mole above $^{3}B_{2}$, and $^{1}B_{1}$ is 0.9 Kcal higher yet. Thus in this compound $^{1}B_{1}$ and $^{1}{A}_{1}$ are much closer in energy than in compound I. These results are in marked contrast to conclusions drawn from experimental studies which have been interpreted as indicating a single-triplet splitting of a much smaller magnitude.
Synthesis of (−)-Muricatacin via α- and α‘-C−H Bond Functionalization of Tetrahydrofuran (2003)

(--)-Muricatacin, a potent cytotoxic (4R,5R)-5-hydroxyheptadecan-4-olide, has been synthesized through alpha-C--H hydroxyalkylation and alpha'-C--H oxidation of tetrahydrofuran. This study presents a novel method for C--H bond functionalization as a means for preparing gamma-(hydroxyalkyl)-gamma-butyrolactones.