gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nuclear Export Signal in the Matrix Protein of Influenza A Virus Is Required for Efficient Virus Replication (2012)

The influenza A virus matrix 1 protein (M1) shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus during the viral life cycle and plays an important role in the replication, assembly, and budding of viruses. Here, a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) was identified specifically for the nuclear export of the M1 protein. The predicted NES, designated the Flu-A-M1 NES, is highly conserved among all sequences from the influenza A virus subtype, but no similar NES motifs are found in the M1 sequences of influenza B or C viruses. The biological function of the Flu-A-M1 NES was demonstrated by its ability to translocate an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-NES fusion protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in transfected cells, compared to the even nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of EGFP. The translocation of EGFP-NES from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was not inhibited by leptomycin B. NES mutations in M1 caused a nuclear retention of the protein and an increased nuclear accumulation of NEP during transfection. Indeed, as shown by rescued recombinant viruses, the mutation of the NES impaired the nuclear export of M1 and significantly reduced the virus titer compared to titers of wild-type viruses. The NES-defective M1 protein was retained in the nucleus during infection, accompanied by a lowered efficiency of the nuclear export of viral RNPs (vRNPs). In conclusion, M1 nuclear export was specifically dependent on the Flu-A-M1 NES and critical for influenza A virus replication.
Controller to Regulate Maximum Server CPU Temperatures in a Rack by Varying CRAC Supply Air Temperatures (2012)

Conventionally, raised floor data centers operate using controllers that only maintain constant data center space conditions (i.e. supply air temperatures or return air temperatures) at the Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) Unit level with the intention of providing enough cooling for the servers. The objective of this paper is to explore the framework required to design a controller that regulates server CPU temperatures by specifying the supply air temperature of the CRAC. The controller will be an addition to the existing controller used by the CRAC to regulate supply air temperatures. In the discrete-time domain, implementation and the performance of the modified integral action controller is analyzed and other important parameters are compared. As a preliminary attempt, the controller will be designed for a standard 44U cabinet with 42 “1U” servers, where the machines will execute a prescribed compute load variation: (1) step increase in all compute loads and (2) scaled down representation for a rack of servers using utilization trends from one of Google’s data centers. Ultimately, the development of this controller is motivated by the growing interest in Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) where the IT level and facility level information are both used to intelligently plan and manage resources of a data center.
Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone by Fetal Rat Calvaria (1979)

These studies examine the metabolism of highly purified bovine parathyroid hormone [bPTH-(1--84)] by fetal rat calvaria. Enzymatically dispersed bone cells and intact (minced) calvaria were incubated with bPTH-(1--84) and the incubation medium was analyzed for degradation of PTH by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eluates of gel slices were assayed for immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in carboxy- and amino-terminal RIAs. Both bone preparations metabolized bPTH-(1--84). The intact hormone progessively decreased with time and carboxy-terminal iPTH fragments were evident by 5 min of incubation. In the isolated cell preparations, intact hormone was completely degraded at submaximal doses of PTH (5 X 10(-9) M), as assessed by cAMP production. Degradation was incomplete in intact calvarial preparations at all doses studied. Intact calvaria were less sensitive to PTH with regard to cAMP production. No amino-terminal fragments were detected in the medium with either cell preparation. Oxidized (biologically inactive) bPTH-(1--84) was not metabolized in these systems. These findings contrast with studies in liver and kidney preparations, where oxidized bPTH has been shown to be degraded. These findings contrast with studies in liver and kidney preparations, where oxidized bPTH has been shown to be degraded. These data suggest that biological activity may be necessary for the metabolism of intact bPTH-(1--84) by bone cells and that skeletal tissue may contribute to the immunoheterogeneity of circulating PTH in the rat.
Hydration of C-H groups in natural dithymidine nucleotide and its methylphosphonate analogues. (1998)

In this paper we report our preliminary studies on the hydration pattern of selected C-H groups in natural thymidyl(3'-5)thymidine and its Rp and Sp-methylphosphonate analogues using Molecular Dynamic simulations in aqueous solutions. The methyl groups attached to the phosphorus center (P-Me) in methylphosphonate analogues are hydrated by water molecules as efficiently as the hydrophilic P=O group in the natural dithymidine nucleotide and better than the neutral P=O functions in these compounds, although the nature of the hydration is different. The C5-Me centers of the 3'-yl units seem to be better hydrated in the methylphosphonate analogues than in the natural dithymidine phosphate and than other centers of the thymine bases in methylphosphonate analogues. Due to chirality of the phosphorus center, the C5-Me group of the 5'-yl unit in the Sp diastereomer coordinates more water than that in the Rp diastereomer. The C6-H group in the 5'-yl unit of the Sp diastereomer exhibits a specific interaction with water.
Developmental Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Stimulated Glucose Transporter in Rat Brain Astrocytes* (1991)

Astrocytic glial cells from 1- and 21-day-old rat brains were established in primary culture to study the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors and IGF-I-stimulated glucose transporter (Glut-1). Astrocytes from both age groups expressed specific high affinity IGF-I receptors, whose relative affinities for IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin were comparable. However, the total number of binding sites and IGF-I receptor mRNA levels were 148% and 240% higher in astrocytes from 21-day-old compared with 1-day-old brains. IGF-I caused a dose-dependent stimulation of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose [( 3H]dGlc) uptake in astrocytes from 1-day-old brains. This was associated with increases in Glut-1 protein and mRNA levels. In contrast, astrocytes from 21-day-old brains exhibited a 58% decrease in the binding capacity and a 77% decrease in the steady state levels of Glut-1 protein and its mRNA. In addition, IGF-I failed to stimulate the Glut-1 system in these cells. This lack of IGF-I effect is not due to an alteration inherent to the Glut-1 system, since 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate stimulated [3H]dGlc uptake and Glut-1 protein and its mRNA levels. These observations suggest that changes in basal and IGF-I-stimulated Glut-1 system in brain astrocytes may be developmentally regulated.
Directionally Solidified and Single-Crystal Superalloys (1990)

Abstract Directionally solidified (DS) and single-crystal (SX) superalloys and process technology are contributing to significant advances in turbine engine efficiency and durability. These gains are expected to arise from the development of higher creep strength and improved oxidation-resistant SX alloy compositions as well as from the development of SX casting and fabrication technology to utilize advanced transpiration-cooling schemes. This article provides a detailed discussion on the chemistry and castability of first- and second-generation DS and SX superalloys. It summarizes the chemistry modifications applied to MAR-M 247 to develop CMSX-2 with respect to function and objectives. The article also lists the nominal compositions of first- and second-generation DS and SX superalloys.
[Control of gene transcription as a new therapeutic target in asthma]. (2005)

The recent advances in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma have lead to a significant improvement of the current treatments of the disease and opened new perspectives for the development of therapeutic alternatives to inhaled corticosteroids. The selective targeting of transcription factors controlling the expression of the genes implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma is one of these privileged strategies. This review aims at describing the most promising new therapeutic targets in the control of asthmatic inflammation at the gene transcription level.
Corrosion Behavior of Candidate Heat Exchanger Materials in Oxidizing and Reducing Gases, Relevant to Oxyfuel Combustion (2016)

Abstract The so-called oxyfuel process is frequently considered as a promising technology for CO2 capture from the exhaust gas in fossil fuel fired power plants. In the present paper, the oxidation behavior of potentially suitable construction materials for heat exchanging components in coal fired power plants was studied at 650°C. The selected materials (martensitic steels, austenitic steels and a Ni-base alloy) were exposed in a simulated atmosphere typical for oxyfuel combustion and the results were compared with the behavior in a test gas simulating air-firing flue gas. Additionally a set of corrosion tests was performed in the simulated oxyfuel gas with addition of CO to simulate locally occurring reducing operating conditions. The oxidation/corrosion behavior was studied by gravimetry in combination with a number of characterization methods such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDS) and (for selected specimens) glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The obtained results are interpreted on the basis of thermodynamic considerations comparing equilibrium activities of the main species in the gas atmospheres with the thermodynamic stabilities of various possibly forming solid and volatile corrosion products.
Clostridium perfringens type A fatal acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a dog. (2012)

The morning after participating in a dog show, a 2-year-old Pomeranian dog was found dead in a pool of bloody feces. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic gastroenteritis of the entire gastrointestinal tract, with many Gram-positive bacilli on the surface and in the lumen and crypts of the intestine. Enterotoxin-positive type A Clostridium perfringens were isolated in large numbers. This dramatic case of fatal C. perfringens gastroenteritis highlights the need to better understand the role of this bacterium in enteric disease of dogs.
The mythical dream interface (1997)

Article The mythical dream interface: a mythical metaphoric method for redesigning an interface Share on Author: Malcolm Graham WriteDoc Inc., Kanata, Ontario, K2K 1B7, Canada WriteDoc Inc., Kanata, Ontario, K2K 1B7, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGDOC '97: Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Computer documentationOctober 1997 Pages 79–91https://doi.org/10.1145/263367.263380Online:01 October 1997Publication History 0citation276DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads276Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Effect of Corn Moisture on the Properties of Pet Food Extrudates (1999)

ABSTRACT Corn moisture (9.5–13.5%) was significantly correlated to extrudate properties, even though water was added at the extruder to compensate for the differences in moisture. Water addition was more effective at the preconditioner than at the extruder, and longer retention preconditioner improved expansion. Water added to the pet food formula apparently was absorbed by the other formula ingredients and not the corn. Controlling the specific mechanical energy did not compensate for differences in corn moisture.
IGF-I–induced Differentiation of L6 Myogenic Cells Requires the Activity of cAMP-Phosphodiesterase (2003)

Inhibition of type 4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) activity in L6-C5 and L6-E9 abolished myogenic differentiation induced by low-serum medium and IGF-I. L6-C5 cells cultured in low-serum medium displayed a PDE4 activity higher than cells cultured in serum-free medium, a condition not sufficient to induce differentiation. In the presence of serum, PDE4D3, the major isoform natively expressed in L6-C5 cells, translocated to a Triton-insoluble fraction, which increased the PDE specific activity of the fraction, and exhibited a Mr shift typical of phosphorylation of this isoform. Furthermore, serum promoted the localization of PDE4D3 to a vesicular subcellular compartment. In L6-C5 cells, IGF-I is a stronger inducer of myogenic differentiation in the presence than in absence of serum. Its ability to trigger differentiation in the absence of serum was restored by overexpressing wild-type PDE4D3, but not a phosphorylation-insensitive mutant. This finding was confirmed in single cells overexpressing a GFP-PDE4D3 fusion protein by assessing nuclear accumulation of myogenin in both L6-C5 and L6-E9. Overexpression of other PDE isoforms was less efficient, confirming that PDE4D3 is the physiologically relevant phosphodiesterase isoform in the control of myogenesis. These results show that downregulation of cAMP signaling through cAMP-phosphodiesterase stimulation is a prerequisite for induction of myogenesis.
Donor CMV Serostatus and Dose Adjustments in CMV Prophylaxis Increase CMV Infection Risk after Lung Transplantation (2016)

Background. Although the risk of CMV reactivation after lung transplantation can be reduced by prophylaxis, the optimal prophylactic strategy has not been established.
Effect of Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation on Postoperative Pain after Thoracotomy (1983)

A prospective randomized double-blind study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) in relief of acute post-thoracotomy pain by comparing postoperative narcotic requirements in 22 patients having TNS and in 22 patients having sham electrical stimulation. All patients in both groups had intrathoracic malignancies. When TNS was used, 22.7% of the patients required no narcotics in the first 24 hr postoperatively. All patients having sham stimulation required postoperative narcotics.
Prevention of Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium Alloys (1987)

Zirconium alloys are susceptible to a mechanism for crack initiation and propagation called delayed hydride cracking. From a review of component failures and experimental results, we have developed the requirements for preventing this cracking. The important parameters for cracking are hydrogen concentration, flaws, and stress; each should be minimized. At the design and construction stages hydrogen pickup has to be controlled, quality assurance needs to be at a high enough level to ensure the absence of flaws, and residual stresses must be eliminated by careful fabrication and heat treatment.
A Preliminary Assessment of a Novel Pneumatic Unloading Knee Brace on the Gait Mechanics of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis (2013)

The results of the study suggest that the effects of an unloading knee brace may be enhanced by incorporating inflatable air bladders into the design of the brace, thus leading to an improved correction of the excessive peak external knee adduction moment observed in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.
Performance of Organic and Inorganic Adsorbents for the Treatment of Contaminated Waters (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Engineering solutions for biological studies of flow-exposed endothelial cells on orbital shakers v1 (2021)

Shear stress is extremely important for endothelial cell (EC) function. The popularity of 6-well plates on orbital shakers to impose shear stress on ECs has increased among biologists due to their low cost and simplicity. One characteristic of such a platform is the heterogeneous flow profile within a well. While cells in the periphery are exposed to a laminar and high-velocity pulsatile flow that mimics physiological conditions, the flow in the center is disturbed and imposes low shear stress on the cells, which is characteristic of atheroprone regions. For studies where such heterogeneity is not desired, we present a simple cell-patterning technique to selectively prevent cell growth in the center of the well and facilitate the exclusive collection and analysis of cells in the periphery. This guarantees that cell phenotypes will not be influenced by secreted factors from cells exposed to other shear profiles nor that interesting results may be obscured by mixing cells from different regions. We also present a multi-staining platform that compartmentalizes each well into 5 smaller independent regions: four at the periphery and one in the center. This is ideal for studies that aim to grow cells on the whole well surface, for comparison with previous work and minimal interference in the cell culture, but require screening of markers by immunostaining afterwards. It allows to compare different regions of the well, reduces antibody-related costs, and allows the exploration of multiple markers essential for high-content screening of cell response. By increasing the versatility of the 6-well plate on an orbital shaker system, we hope that these two solutions motivate biologists to pursue studies on EC mechanobiology and beyond.
Discovery of Novel Protein Fucosylation Inhibitors and Development of a Manufacturing Process To Prepare Inhibitor 6,6,6-Trifluorofucose (2016)

In the manufacture of therapeutic monoclonal antibody proteins the level of fucosylated glycan in the product can affect efficacy and is a critical product attribute. Particularly for biosimilar antibodies, the fucosylation level may need to substantially match that of the reference product. 6,6,6-Trifluorofucose (1, fucostatin I), is a metabolic inhibitor of fucosylation that when added to cell culture reduces the fucosylation of recombinantly expressed antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner. A robust process for the synthesis of 1 from D-arabinose in 11% overall yield and >99.5/0.5 diastereomeric ratio was developed based on a key diastereoselective ruthenium-catalyzed tandem ketal hydrolysis-transfer hydrogenation reaction.
Characterization of adenocarcinomas of the dorsolateral prostate induced in Wistar rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, following sequential treatment with cyproterone acetate and testosterone propionate. (1990)

Carcinomas of the rat prostate induced by a single injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, after sequential treatment with cyproterone acetate and testosterone propionate, were evaluated as potential animal models for prostatic cancer. All ten carcinomas examined were located in the dorsolateral prostate region and did not involve the distal parts of the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands. The incidence of urinary obstruction leading to the animals' death was 6 of 10 rats, and metastases in the lung, abdominal lymph nodes, and/or liver also occurred in 6 of 10 rats. The tumors were invasive adenocarcinomas, showing frequent perineural invasion and a variable degree of differentiation. There were ultrastructural similarities with human prostatic carcinomas, such as intracellular lumina. Plasma acid phosphatase was increased. Enzyme histochemical analysis revealed similarities with the Dunning R3327H and -HI prostatic carcinomas but was not helpful in determining the site of origin of the tumors. The gross and microscopic appearance of the tumors and the observation of preneoplastic lesions exclusively located in the dorsolateral prostate suggest this lobe as site of origin of the carcinomas. Preneoplastic lesions (n = 9) included atypical hyperplasias (n = 5) and lesions with all histological characteristics of carcinoma except for local invasion and metastases, which were classified as carcinoma in situ (n = 4). Although androgen sensitivity could not be assessed, the observed characteristics of the tumors [their long latency time (46-80 weeks), the presence of preneoplastic lesions, and the short duration of the treatment, leaving the animals intact] all indicate that the present approach is a valid animal model for the study of prostatic carcinogenesis.
The soy isoflavone genistein induces a late but sustained activation of the endothelial nitric oxide‐synthase system in vitro (2005)

Cardiovascular diseases are known as the major causes of death or disability in western countries. Decreased bioavailability of endothelial derived nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important promoter in cardiovascular disease. In vivo studies suggest that phytoestrogens, especially isoflavones from soy, enhance endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity. We hypothesized that isoflavones may affect the expression of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and thereby NO formation in vitro. Human EA.hy926 endothelial cells were treated with the soybean isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin and with their metabolites genistein and daidzein. eNOS promoter activity was examined by a luciferase reporter gene assay (20 h). Active eNOS was detected by quantifying conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline and by measuring NO released from endothelial cells using the fluorescent probe DAF-2 (20-96 h).eNOS promoter activity increased in response to isoflavone treatment (20 h). NO and L-citrulline production by EA.hy926 cells rose up to 1.7-fold of control levels after stimulation with genistein for 48-96 h. From these results, we conclude that the suggested positive effects of soy isoflavones on vascular reactivity may be indeed mediated via a long-term effect on the eNOS system.
Modular Polymer‐Caged Nanobins as a Theranostic Platform with Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Relaxivity and pH‐Responsive Drug Release (2010)

Polymer-caged nanobins (PCNs) that can undergo Cu(I)-catalyzed click reactions enable the combination of GdIII magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and an anticancer drug (gemcitabine, GMC) into a single theranostic platform (see picture). The resulting gadolinium(III)-conjugated, GMC-loaded PCNs (GdIII–PCNGMC) exhibit a significantly superior performance in r1 relaxivity, drug uptake, and pH-sensitive drug release. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.