gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FLIQS: One-Shot Mixed-Precision Floating-Point and Integer Quantization Search (2023)

Quantization has become a mainstream compression technique for reducing model size, computational requirements, and energy consumption for modern deep neural networks (DNNs). With improved numerical support in recent hardware, including multiple variants of integer and floating point, mixed-precision quantization has become necessary to achieve high-quality results with low model cost. Prior mixed-precision methods have performed either a post-training quantization search, which compromises on accuracy, or a differentiable quantization search, which leads to high memory usage from branching. Therefore, we propose the first one-shot mixed-precision quantization search that eliminates the need for retraining in both integer and low-precision floating point models. We evaluate our search (FLIQS) on multiple convolutional and vision transformer networks to discover Pareto-optimal models. Our approach improves upon uniform precision, manual mixed-precision, and recent integer quantization search methods. With integer models, we increase the accuracy of ResNet-18 on ImageNet by 1.31% and ResNet-50 by 0.90% with equivalent model cost over previous methods. Additionally, for the first time, we explore a novel mixed-precision floating-point search and improve MobileNetV2 by up to 0.98% compared to prior state-of-the-art FP8 models. Finally, we extend FLIQS to simultaneously search a joint quantization and neural architecture space and improve the ImageNet accuracy by 2.69% with similar model cost on a MobileNetV2 search space.
Lattice parameters of Sc$_{\boldsymbol{\mathsf{x}}}$Al$_{\boldsymbol{\mathsf{1-x}}}$N layers grown on GaN(0001) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2022)

An accurate knowledge of the lattice parameters of the new nitride Sc$_\textit{x}$Al$_\textit{1-x}$N is essential for understanding the elastic and piezoelectric properties of this compound as well as for the ability to engineer its strain state in heterostructures. Using high-resolution x-ray diffractometry, we determine the lattice parameters of 100-nm-thick undoped Sc$_\textit{x}$Al$_\textit{1-x}$N layers grown on GaN(0001) templates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The Sc content $\textit{x}$ of the layers is measured independently by both x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and ranges from 0 to 0.25. The in-plane lattice parameter of the layers linearly increases with increasing $\textit{x}$, while their out-of-plane lattice parameter remains constant. Layers with $\textit{x}$ $\approx$ 0.09 are found to be lattice matched to GaN, resulting in a smooth surface and a structural perfection equivalent to that of the GaN underlayer. In addition, a two-dimensional electron gas is induced at the Sc$_\textit{x}$Al$_\textit{1-x}$N/GaN heterointerface, with the highest sheet electron density and mobility observed for lattice-matched conditions.
Tuning the magnetic properties of Co nanoparticles by Pt capping (2011)

We show that by capping Co nanoparticles (NPs) with small amounts of Pt, strong changes of the magnetic properties can be induced. The Co NPs have a mean diameter of 2.7 nm. From magnetometry measurements we find that for zero and for small amounts of Pt (nominal thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}$ 0.7 nm) the NPs behave superparamagnetic- (SPM)-like. With increasing ${t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}$ the blocking temperature is enhanced from 16 up to 108 K. Capping with Pd yields comparable results. However, for values ${t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}$ &gt; 1 nm a strongly coupled state is encountered resembling a ferromagnet (FM) with a ${T}_{c}$ \ensuremath{\sim} 400 K.
Microcrystalline-crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells using highly conductive thin p-type microcrystalline silicon window layers (1996)

Microcrystalline-crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells were made using thin (20 nm) p/sup +//spl mu/c-Si:H window layers on top of 1 /spl Omega/cm n-type c-Si. Microcrystalline layers were obtained using moderate PECVD deposition conditions and showed appreciable crystalline volume fraction (/spl sim/22%), and good window properties. Solar cells made with such window layers have the following structure: Ag/ITO/p/sup +/ /spl mu/c-Si:H/buffer/n-c-Si/Al. The presence of a thin (/spl sim/2 nm) intrinsic a-Si buffer layer deposited at low temperature was found to be essential to achieve high V/sub oc/ and efficiencies. From simulation studies, the authors found that the wide band gap buffer layer reduces the recombination losses occurring in the low mobility gap p/sup +/ /spl mu/c-Si:H layer which explains the higher V/sub oc/ values. The highest efficiency (12.2%) was obtained on cells with a 2.5 nm buffer layer deposited after an extra atomic hydrogen pretreatment of the n-type c-Si.
Comparing Effectiveness of Motivational Signage for Promoting Physical Activity between Two Difference Story buildings (2014)

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Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Alignment for Hawkes Processes (2019)

We propose a novel fused Gromov-Wasserstein alignment method to jointly learn the Hawkes processes in different event spaces, and align their event types. Given two Hawkes processes, we use fused Gromov-Wasserstein discrepancy to measure their dissimilarity, which considers both the Wasserstein discrepancy based on their base intensities and the Gromov-Wasserstein discrepancy based on their infectivity matrices. Accordingly, the learned optimal transport reflects the correspondence between the event types of these two Hawkes processes. The Hawkes processes and their optimal transport are learned jointly via maximum likelihood estimation, with a fused Gromov-Wasserstein regularizer. Experimental results show that the proposed method works well on synthetic and real-world data.
Hormonal influences in prostate cancer: an update of a complex subject. (2015)

Pharmacists who are involved with patients and physicians have a tremendous opportunity to serve in the realm of prostate cancer, and there are numerous compounding opportunities. For example, compounded testosterone gels can help keep testosterone levels in the mid to upper range with proper dosing and patient counseling. Also, estradiol levels can be held in check or lowered by compounding aromatase-inhibitors such as anastrazole or letrazole into the lower doses that men require, rather than their more potent versions for female patients. Nutraceuticals such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium all play an important role in prostate health, as these agents have 5a-reductase inhibiting and anti-inflammatory properties. More than anything else, we see that the pathophysiology of prostate cancer, although quite complex, is being explored at an amazing rate. The author believes that hormonal balance is critical, and that it is largely hormonal imbalance that is involved in prostate disease. In that regard, the author concludes that the levels of testosterone, estradiol, and drotestosterone, experienced at a more youthful age are vital if we are to improve prostate health.
Magnetic-Field-Induced Assemblies of Cobalt Nanoparticles (2005)

Under the influence of a 0.05 T magnetic field, 15-nm diameter cobalt nanoparticles covered with surfactants in a colloidal solution assemble into highly constrained linear chains along the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic-field-induced (MFI) chains become floppy after removal of the field, folding into three-dimensional (3D) coiled structures upon gentle agitation. The 3D structures are broken into smaller units with vigorous agitation. The nanoparticles redisperse into the solvent upon ultrasonic agitation. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to characterize the morphologies of the nanoparticle assemblies at various stages of this reversible process. The hysteresis loops and zero-field cooled/field cooled (ZFC/FC) curves reveal the interparticle coupling in the assemblies. MFI assembly provides a powerful tool to manipulate magnetic nanoparticles.
Interference with the Expression of a Novel Human Polycomb Protein, hPc2, Results in Cellular Transformation and Apoptosis (1997)

Polycomb (Pc) is involved in the stable and heritable repression of homeotic gene activity during Drosophila development. Here, we report the identification of a novel human Pc homolog, hPc2. This gene is more closely related to a Xenopus Pc homolog, XPc, than to a previously described human Pc homolog, CBX2 (hPc1). However, the hPc2 and CBX2/hPc1 proteins colocalize in interphase nuclei of human U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that the proteins are part of a common protein complex. To study the functions of the novel human Pc homolog, we generated a mutant protein, delta hPc2, which lacks an evolutionarily conserved C-terminal domain. This C-terminal domain is important for hPc2 function, since the delta hPc2 mutant protein which lacks the C-terminal domain is unable to repress gene activity. Expression of the delta hPc2 protein, but not of the wild-type hPc2 protein, results in cellular transformation of mammalian cell lines as judged by phenotypic changes, altered marker gene expression, and anchorage-independent growth. Specifically in delta hPc2-transformed cells, the expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene is strongly enhanced and serum deprivation results in apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of the wild-type hPc2 protein results in decreased c-myc expression. Our data suggest that hPc2 is a repressor of proto-oncogene activity and that interference with hPc2 function can lead to derepression of proto-oncogene transcription and subsequently to cellular transformation.
Localised wedge shaped defects of the retinal nerve fibre layer in glaucoma. (1994)

Glaucoma can be associated with a diffuse or localised loss of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). This study evaluated the wedge shaped localised RNFL defects. Red free wide angle RNFL photographs of 421 patients with glaucoma and 193 normal subjects were examined. Localised RNFL defects were described for one eye of the normal group and for 20% of the patients with glaucoma. They were usually located in the inferior temporal and superior temporal fundus regions. Within the glaucoma group, localised RNFL defects occurred most often (p < 0.05) in normal pressure glaucoma, followed by primary open angle glaucoma, and finally secondary open angle glaucoma. They were positively associated with disc haemorrhages. The localised RNFL defects had a high specificity to indicate optic nerve damage. The nerve fibre layer defects occurring more likely in mild rather than advanced glaucoma, they were helpful in the diagnosis of early glaucoma. The association between localised RNFL defects and disc haemorrhages and the varying frequency of localised RNFL defects in different types of glaucoma may be important diagnostically and pathogenetically.
The virtual participant (1997)

We describe a system which uses an agent-based approach to support teaching in the collaborative setting of asynchronous plain-text electronic conferencing. We have identified areas within which tutors who use conferencing need support and developed a system which provides help in an opportunistic manner. The agent we have developed uses a case-based approach to instruction by offering help on common student problems. The cases used are examples of problems experienced by students in previous years and discussions of how they were resolved. These cases are presented by the agent when it identifies an appropriate point in the conference. An experimental version of this agent, which we call the 'Virtual Participant' (VP), has been tested on the Open University MBA course 'Creative Management'. We review the effect of the system and the lessons to be learned from this experiment.
Antigen-specific CD4 cells assist CD8 T-effector cells in eliminating keratinocytes (2010)

Keratinocytes expressing tumor or viral antigens can be eliminated by antigen-primed CD8 cytotoxic T cells. CD4 T-helper cells help induction of CD8 cytotoxic T cells from naive precursors and generation of CD8 T-cell memory. In this study, we show, unexpectedly, that CD4 cells are also required to assist primed CD8 effector T cells in rejection of skin expressing human growth hormone, a neo-self-antigen, in keratinocytes. The requirement for CD4 cells can be substituted by CD40 costimulation. Rejection of skin expressing ovalbumin (OVA), a non-self-antigen, by primed CD8 cytotoxic T cells can in contrast occur without help from antigen-specific CD4 T cells. However, rejection of OVA expressing keratinocytes is helped by antigen-specific CD4 T cells if only low numbers of primed or naive OVA-specific CD8 T cells are available. Effective immunotherapy directed at antigens expressed in squamous cancer may therefore be facilitated by induction of tumor antigen-specific CD4 helper T cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8 T cells.
Pulsation-control devices and techniques (1983)

This article examines pulsation control for reciprocating pumps. The primary purpose of pulsation control is to attenuate or filter out any pump-generated pulsating pressures which create forces in the piping system that cause vibration and noise. Another benefit of pulsation control is the reduction of fatigue of the pump liquid end and pump expendable parts. The amplitude of the individual pump pulsations are reduced by the use of dampeners on each pump so that their accumulated effect will be insignificant.
1′,1′′′-Bis(ethynyl)biferrocenyl-Bridged Fe(dppe)Cp* Units: Synthesis, Solid-State Structures, and Electronic Couplings (2010)

Treatment of 1′,1′′′-bis(ethynyl)biferrocene (1) with 2 equiv of FeCl(η2-dppe)(Cp*) (2) in the presence of [H4N]PF6 produced the vinylidene complex [1′,1′′′-((Cp*)(η2-dppe)Fe═C═CH)2bfc][PF6]2 (3) (97%, Cp* = η5-C5Me5; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; bfc = 1′,1′′′-biferrocenyl, (η5-C5H4)2Fe)2), while neutral tetranuclear 1′,1′′′-((Cp*)(η2-dppe)Fe−C≡C)2bfc (4) was obtained from the reaction of 3 with KOtBu (68%). The IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, cyclic voltammetry, Mössbauer, and UV−vis data were obtained for 4. When reacted with 2 equiv of [FcH]PF6 or TCNQ, complex 4 provided 4[X]2 (Fc = 1-ferrocenyl, (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4), X = PF6, 89%; X = TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 91%), and 4[PF6] was obtained by reacting 4 with 4[PF6]2 in a 1:1 molar ratio (76%). Organometallics 4[PF6]3 (93%) and 4[PF6]4 (87%) were obtained from the reaction of 4[PF6]2 with 1 or 2 equiv of Ag[PF6]. For the purpose of reasonable solubility the triflate salts of tri- and tetracationic species 4[OTf]3 (94%) and 4[OTf]4 (95%) were synthesized instead of the hexafluorophosphate salts. The structures of 3, 4, and 4[TCNQ]2 in the solid state were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy of 4[PF6]n (n = 0−4) allowed the stepwise observation of the four metal-centered oxidations and established the localized character of the mixed-valence complexes. EPR spectra of 4[PF6]n (n = 1, 3) proved the formation of two radicals, one centered on the half-sandwich termini and the other centered on the (ethynyl)biferrocene bridge, indicating that the mediating state is sufficiently low lying to be populated at 66 K. The NIR spectra of the mixed-valent species 4[PF6]n (n = 1, 2) and 4[OTf]3 showed the presence of two bands, and their characteristic parameters are in accord with an electron transfer involving intermediate states.
A foveated channelized Hotelling search model predicts dissociations in human performance in 2D and 3D images (2019)

We developed a foveated search model based on the channelized Hotelling observer (FCHO) that processes each image in parallel with Gabor channels which center frequencies decrease with retinal eccentricity (distance away from the fovea). The FCHO model is based on how radiologists read 3D volumes by scrolling through 2D slices. The model includes a search component that explores the image by making eye movements guided by peripheral processing and a slice scroll component that changes the current slice for the 3D images. We designed an experiment consisting of a free search in 2D and 3D noise filtered with power-law statistics matching mammograms. Two different targets were embedded in this background: one resembling a microcalcification and another one resembling a mass. Unlike traditional model observers (chanellized Hotelling and non-prewhitening matched filter with an eye filter), performance for the FCHO search model for both 2D and 3D search tasks showed similar dissociations as that of human observers. Detectability of a microcalcification-like target was significantly higher than for a mass-like target in 2D search but comparable or lower in 3D search. Together, our results suggest that 3D search tasks will require more computationally complex 3D search models that take into account the foveated properties of the visual system and eye movements to predict human observer performance in clinically relevant tasks.
Characteristic Impedance of a Wide Slotline on Low-Permittivity Substrates (Short Paper) (1986)

Computed results on the characteristic impedance of wide slots etched on an electrically thin substrate of low dielectric constant epsilon/sub r/ are presented. These results combined with those in [1] provide design data for these slotlines. Curves are presented for epsilon/sub r/= 2.22, 3.0, 3.8, and 9.8. Comparison is shown for the characteristic impedance between the present calculations and those available in the literature for high-epsilon/sub r/ substrates. Empirical formulas, based on least-square curve fitting, are presented for the normalized slot wavelength lambda'/lambda/sub 0/ and the characteristic impedance Z/sub 0/ over the range 0.0015<=W/lambda/sub 0/<=1.0, 0.006<=d/lambda/sub 0/<=0.06, 2.22<=epsilon/sub r/<=9.8.
Leaky waveguide deflector for 40 GS/s all-optical ADC (2014)

Design of an all-optical analog-to-digital converter (AOADC) is presented here based on a leaky waveguide deflector in electro-optic (EO) polymers. The principle of the AOADC is to convert an RF signal into a spatial sampled deflection angle variation of light, then quantize this deflected beam based on optical window and its related binary/Gray coding mask. This AOADC is designed for broadband applications working at frequencies above 20 GHz (with Nyquist sampling rate of over 40 GS/s) and designed to provide a resolution of better than 6 bits with available high-performance EO polymers and drive RF power levels.
Neuroprotective and anti-oxidant effects of caffeic acid isolated from Erigeron annuus leaf (2011)

Erigeron annuus leaf extracts containing caffeic acid as an active compound have antioxidative and neuroprotective effects on neuronal cells.
Identification of the NRF2 transcriptional network as a therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic pain (2022)

Trigeminal neuralgia, historically dubbed the "suicide disease," is an exceedingly painful neurologic condition characterized by sudden episodes of intense facial pain. Unfortunately, the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for trigeminal neuralgia carries substantial side effects, with many patients requiring surgery. Here, we identify the NRF2 transcriptional network as a potential therapeutic target. We report that cerebrospinal fluid from patients with trigeminal neuralgia accumulates reactive oxygen species, several of which directly activate the pain-transducing channel TRPA1. Similar to our patient cohort, a mouse model of trigeminal neuropathic pain also exhibits notable oxidative stress. We discover that stimulating the NRF2 antioxidant transcriptional network is as analgesic as inhibiting TRPA1, in part by reversing the underlying oxidative stress. Using a transcriptome-guided drug discovery strategy, we identify two NRF2 network modulators as potential treatments. One of these candidates, exemestane, is already FDA-approved and may thus be a promising alternative treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain.
Progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma in C3(1)/SV40 large T antigen transgenic mice: histopathological and molecular biological alterations. (1996)

The progression of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to invasive prostate carcinoma has been analyzed in the C3(1)/T(AG) transgenic mouse model and appears very similar to the process proposed to occur in humans. PIN lesions in these transgenic mice histologically resemble those found in human PIN. Low-grade PIN was observed in the ventral and dorsolateral lobes at 2 months of age, whereas high-grade PIN was found in both lobes by 5 months of age. A progressive increase in the number of PIN lesions was observed with age. Prostate carcinomas, which appeared to arise from PIN lesions, were found by 7 months of age in the ventral lobe and 11 months of age in the dorsolateral lobe. Expression of T(AG) mRNA and protein in these lesions correlated with the development of PIN and carcinomas, as did the overexpression of p53 protein. Apoptosis levels were quite low in normal epithelial cells, moderate in low-grade PIN, and high in high-grade PIN and carcinomas. Levels of expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen correlated with the degree of severity of the prostate lesions. Eighteen % of PIN lesions were found to already harbor Ha-ras mutations, whereas 33% of carcinomas showed various mutations in Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and/or p53. Mutations in Ha-ras may, therefore, be an early event in a significant portion of PIN lesions. Because high-grade PIN showed many characteristics similar to those observed in carcinomas and high-grade PIN was often found contiguous to carcinomas, we conclude that high-grade PIN is a precursor lesion of prostate carcinoma in this transgenic model. These transgenic mice will be useful to study mechanisms responsible for the progression of invasive carcinomas from PIN precursor lesions, as may occur during the development of prostate cancer in humans.
Weight Profile in Children Following Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Craniopharyngioma (2012)

Despite the histologically benign nature of craniopharyngiomas, their proximity to critical structures can cause them to behave as neurologically destructive tumors in both adults and children. The majority of pediatric craniopharyngiomas are treated with a transcranial approach, with visual loss, endocrine dysfunction, and obesity commonly reported following resection. With increasing use of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in the adult craniopharyngioma population, this method is now employed to treat children. We examined our pediatric cohort with particular emphasis on weight profiles before and after surgery.
Conservatively treated perforation of the neovagina in a male to female transsexual patient (2011)

An unknown number of patients have had male to female gender transformation. Various surgical techniques have been employed to construct the neovagina. The more traditional techniques include inverted penile grafts and vascular pedicle grafts, but also the small bowel and sigmoid colon have been used. In this case, the authors present a patient who previously had a gender transformation from male to female with use of bowel for the neovagina. The patient presented with severe abdominal pain, fever and leukocytosis. A CT scan revealed retroperitoneal free air, and an x-ray examination with contrast through the neovagina showed leakage from the neovaginal top. The patient was treated conservatively with antibiotics and discharged after 7 days.