gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical fiber rotation sensor for application in oil refinery and high electromagnetic noise environment (2007)

Preliminary results of the tests performed by using a modular fiber-optic sensor for hydrostatic pressure/temperature and also rotation measurements envisaged for refinery applications are presented. The prototype fiber optic sensor for rotation measurements has been successfully installed and tested in the ORLEN Refinery in Plock, Poland. During the initial tests, we used a rotating machine to measure its rotor velocity whereas the sensor head was connected to a pigtailed laser diode (&lgr;=635 nm) and to a detector by a 100-meters-long loop of multimode optical fibers. The output signals of the optical sensor were transferred into a refinery automatic control system (-2 or -20 V). During tests in the ORLEN Refinery we obtained very good agreement of output signals from standard magnetic sensor and the proposed optical sensor. In addition, the proposed optical fiber rotation sensor was immune to electromagnetic noise that disturbs output signals of the magnetic sensors.
Subwavelength atom localization via coherent population trapping (2006)

We present an atom localization scheme based on coherent population trapping. We consider atomic transitions in a Lambda configuration where the control field is a standing-wave field. The probe field and the control field produce coherence between the two ground states and prepare the atom in a pure state. We show that the population in one of the ground states has the same fringe pattern as produced by a Fabry-Perot interferometer and thus measurement of this population would localize the atom. Interestingly enough the role of the cavity finesse is played by the ratio of the intensities of the pump and probe. This is in fact the reason for obtaining extreme subwavelength localization.
Interstitial Cystitis and the Therapeutic Effect of Suplatast Tosilate (2009)

Painful bladder syndrome (PBS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) can be a chronic and debilitating disease characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, and bladder pain, which are often very difficult to treat, regardless of currently‐proposed treatments. Suplatast tosilate (IPD‐1151T) is an immunoregulator that suppresses Th2 cytokine production, immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis, chemical mediator release from mast cells, and eosinophilic recruitment. In a preliminary, open‐label clinical study of IPD‐1151T in 14 women with IC, treatment with IPD‐1151T significantly increased bladder capacity and decreased urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and lower abdominal pain, as measured by the IC symptom index, in patients with non‐ulcerative IC. A concomitant reduction in immunological parameters (eosinophils, IgE, and urine T cells) was observed. Also, in basic experimental studies using hydrochloric acid‐induced chronic cystitis rats, the oral administration of IPD‐1151T (0.1–100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days after the induction of cystitis dose dependently increased the intercontraction intervals and micturition volume. In addition, the infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils into the bladder was suppressed by IPD‐1151T. These findings suggest that IPD‐1151T could be a new medicine for treating debilitating symptoms, such as bladder pain and urinary frequency in PBS/IC.
Figure S1 from Enrichment of PI3K-AKT–mTOR Pathway Activation in Hepatic Metastases from Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pathway diagram of genes/proteins that were measured for this analyses and found altered across the 32 breast cancer metastases evaluated of the discovery set.&lt;/p&gt;
SIGS vs HIGS: a study on the efficacy of two dsRNA delivery strategies to silence Fusarium FgCYP51 genes in infected host and non‐host plants (2019)

CYP3RNA, a double-stranded (ds)RNA designed to concomitantly target the two sterol 14α-demethylase genes FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B and the fungal virulence factor FgCYP51C, inhibits the growth of the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum (Fg) in vitro and in planta. Here we compare two different methods (setups) of dsRNA delivery, viz. transgene expression (host-induced gene silencing, HIGS) and spray application (spray-induced gene silencing, SIGS), to assess the activity of CYP3RNA and novel dsRNA species designed to target one or two FgCYP51 genes. Using Arabidopsis and barley, we found that dsRNA designed to target two FgCYP51 genes inhibited fungal growth more efficiently than dsRNA targeting a single gene, although both dsRNA species reduced fungal infection. Either dsRNA delivery method reduced fungal growth stronger than anticipated from previous mutational knock-out (KO) strategies, where single gene KO had no significant effect on fungal viability. Consistent with the strong inhibitory effects of the dsRNAs on fungal development in both setups, we detected to a large extent dsRNA-mediated co-silencing of respective non-target FgCYP51 genes. Together, our data further support the valuation that dsRNA applications have an interesting potential for pesticide target validation and gene function studies, apart from their potential for crop protection.
Oxidation of surface‐treated SiC platelets studied by XPS and bremsstrahlung‐excited AES (1993)

Abstract X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and bremsstrahlung‐excited Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to study the oxidation of treated silicon carbide platelets heated in air at 700, 800 and 850°C. A previous study had shown that when the as‐received silicon carbide platelets were heated in air, boron segregated to the surface during the formation of the oxide scale. Boron is present as a minor impurity in the silicon carbide platelets. The oxidation was found to be non‐linear and non‐parabolic. In the present study, the silicon carbide platelets were treated by heating in air at 800°C and then etching off the surface oxide scale with 30% HF. This procedure removed the boron impurity. The oxidation of these treated silicon carbide platelets was found to be linear in the temperature range 700–850°C. The activation energy was measured to be 63 ± 12 kJ mol −1 (15 ± 3 kcal mol −1 ). These results are in very good agreement with previous results for SiC whiskers. No boron was detected during the oxidation of the treated SiC platelets.
Circumnavigation of an unknown target using UAVs with range and range rate measurements (2013)

This paper presents two control algorithms enabling a UAV to circumnavigate an unknown target using range and range rate (i.e., the derivative of range) measurements. Given a prescribed orbit radius, both control algorithms (i) tend to drive the UAV toward the tangent of prescribed orbit when the UAV is outside or on the orbit, and (ii) apply zero control input if the UAV is inside the desired orbit. The algorithms differ in that, the first algorithm is smooth and unsaturated while the second algorithm is non-smooth and saturated. By analyzing properties associated with the bearing angle of the UAV relative to the target and through proper design of Lyapunov functions, it is shown that both algorithms produce the desired orbit for an arbitrary initial state. Two examples are provided as a proof of concept.
The effect of temperature on the continuous ferrous-iron oxidation kinetics of a predominantlyLeptospirillum ferrooxidans culture (1999)

The ferrous-iron oxidation kinetics of a bacterial culture consisting predominantly of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans were studied in continuous-flow bioreactors. The bacterial culture was fed with a salts solution containing 12 g/L ferrous-iron, at dilution rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 l/h, and temperatures ranging from 30 to 40 degrees C, at a pH of 1.75. The growth rate, and the oxygen and ferrous-iron utilization rates of the bacteria, were monitored by means of off-gas analysis and redox-potential measurement. The degree-of-reduction balance was used to compare the theoretical and experimental values of r(CO(2)), -r(O(2)) and -r(Fe(+2)), and the correlation found to be good. The maximum bacterial yield on ferrous-iron and the maintenance coefficient on ferrous-iron, were determined using the Pirt equation. An increase in the temperature from 30 to 40 degrees C did not appear to have an effect on either the maximum yield or maintenance coefficient on ferrous-iron. The average maximum bacterial yield and maintenance coefficient on ferrous-iron were found to be 0.0059 mmol C/mmol Fe(2+) and 0.7970 mmol Fe(2+)/mmol C)/h, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate was found to be 0.077 l/h. The maximum specific ferrous-iron utilization rate increased from 8.65 to 13.58 mmol Fe(2+)/mmol C/h across the range from 30 to 40 degrees C, and could be described using the Arrhenius equation. The kinetic constant in bacterial ferrous-iron oxidation increased linearly with increasing temperature. The ferrous-iron kinetics could be accurately described in terms of the ferric/ferrous-iron ratio by means of a Michaelis-Menten-based model modified to account for the effect of temperature. A threshold ferrous-iron level, below which no further ferrous-iron utilization occurred, was found at a ferric/ferrous-iron ratio of about 2500. At an overall iron concentration of 12 g/L, this value corresponds to a threshold ferrous-iron concentration of 78.5 x10(-3) mM.
Diversity of yeasts associated with Panax ginseng. (2006)

Biodiversity of yeasts was investigated in the ginseng cultivation field. Among 34 isolates tested in this study, 26 isolates belonged to the hymenomycetous yeast group. These 26 strains were classified into 12 species including four new-species candidates that did not have clear affiliation to any established species. Seven isolates among the remaining strains were classified into three ascomycetous yeast species, and one isolate was identified as a urediniomycetous yeast species.
Molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide is the organic moiety of the molybdenum cofactor in respiratory nitrate reductase from Pseudomonas stutzeri (1993)

Respiratory nitrate reductase from the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri is an iron-sulfur enzyme containing the molybdenum cofactor. Hydrolysis of native nitrate reductase with aqueous sulfuric acid revealed 0.92 mol of 5′-GMP per mol of enzyme. The pterin present in the molybdenum cofactor was liberated from the protein and reacted with iodoacetamide. The resulting di(carboxamidomethyl) (cam) derivative was purified on a C18-cartridge and analyzed for its structural elements. Treatment of the cam derivative with nucleotide pyrophosphatase and subsequent HPLC analysis revealed the formation of di(cam)molybdopterin and 5′-GMP at a 1:1 molar ratio and with a yield of 79% with respect to the molybdenum content of the enzyme. Treatment of the cam derivative with nucleotide pyrophosphatase and alkaline phosphatase led to the liberation of 0.51 mol dephosphodi(cam)molybdopterin and of 0.59 mol guanosine per mol of enzyme, which is equal to a molar ratio of 1:2.2. The results indicate, that the organic moiety of the molybdenum cofactor of nitrate reductase from P. stutzeri is molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide of which one mol is contained per mol of nitrate reductase.
Lack of effect of high potency arginase on tumor growth. (1953)

An investigation has been carried out on the relation of arginine and the enzyme arginase to tumor growth. The more significant results obtained are as follows: 

1. Contrary to previously published results, no statistically significant differences were found in the arginase activities of blood plasma, muscle, or liver between control and tumor-bearing mice.

2. Intraperitoneal injection of a large number of units of arginase induced a considerable but transient drop in the plasma arginine level and no significant changes in the arginine concentration of tumor or liver tissue. The arginase content of the blood plasma was greatly increased after the injection for a period of up to 24 hours, but tumor tissue showed only a comparatively small increase which lasted only for a few hours.

3. No persistent carcinostatic effects were observed on a spectrum of tumors by the continued injection of daily doses of a large number of arginase units.
Temperature-induced changes in the performance of amorphous silicon multi-junction modules in controlled light-soaking (1999)

We extended our light-soaking tests of amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules, which were previously stabilized in light-soaking experiments conducted at 50°C and 35°C module temperatures for a combined total of 1840 h, to further light exposure at a lower temperature (25°C). We definitively establish that changes in the exposure temperature significantly modify module performance. Furthermore, we have determined that subsequent degradation observed upon light exposure at a lower temperature is completely recovered to start-of-test values within the accuracy of our measurements, as the operating temperature is increased again to 50°C. The behavior is qualitatively similar in all modules tested, suggesting that the phenomena observed are governed by fundamental a-Si properties. This conduct is consistent with the annual variations observed for a-Si modules and systems deployed in the field, at climates that undergo significant temperature variations between winter and summer seasons. Because we have emulated the annual winter–summer oscillations twice, in a controlled-climate, light-soaking chamber and because module performance was always determined from simulator measurements performed at standard conditions, it is hard to defend the notion that the changes observed are either spectral or spectrally induced in nature. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a US government work and is in the public domain in the United States.
A review of the use of magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson’s disease (2013)

To date, the most frequently used Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are the brain imaging measures of dopaminergic dysfunction using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. However, major advances have occurred in the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for PD in the past decade. Although conventional structural imaging remains normal in PD, advanced techniques have shown changes in the substantia nigra and the cortex. The most well-developed MRI markers in PD include diffusion imaging and iron load using T2/T2* relaxometry techniques. Other quantitative biomarkers such as susceptibility-weighted imaging for iron load, magnetization transfer and ultra-high-field MRI have shown great potential. More sophisticated techniques such as tractography and resting state functional connectivity give access to anatomical and functional connectivity changes in the brain, respectively. Brain perfusion can be assessed using non-contrast-agent techniques such as arterial spin labelling and spectroscopy gives access to metabolites concentrations. However, to date these techniques are not yet fully validated and standardized quantitative metrics for PD are still lacking. This review presents an overview of new structural, perfusion, metabolic and anatomo-functional connectivity biomarkers, their use in PD and their potential applications to improve the clinical diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes and the quality of clinical trials.
Control design for variations in structural natural frequencies (1995)

The lightly damped nature of flexible structures can lead to controllers that are highly sensitive to modeling errors in structural natural frequencies and damping levels. An approach to directly incorporating these modeling errors into the control design process is presented that leads to less sensitive and more robust controllers with improved performance/This approach is used to synthesize controllers for the NASA Langley Mini-Mast experimental structure. The resulting designs obtain good performance in the presence of significant modeling errors in the structural natural frequencies.
Light and Electron Microscopic Description of a Colorless Euglenoid, Serpenomonas costata n. g., n. sp.1 (1986)

ABSTRACT. A new genus of rigid, colorless, phagotrophic euglenoid is described from a standing pond on a salt marsh. The cell body measures 21–25 μm long, is about 18 μm wide, has a slight dorso‐ventral flattening, and is marked by distinct pellicular ridges. The organism, described as Serpenomonas costata , has two unequal, antapically inserted, heterodynamic flagella. The shorter flagellum is anteriorly directed during swimming and the longer one trails posteriorly. Cells move along the substrate with a creeping motion. The ingestion apparatus is composed of separate ribs extending the length of the cell and is incorporated into the ventral pellicular ridge. The apparatus is independent of the canal and reservoir and is not protrusible. The taxonomic affinities of Serpenomonas with other euglenoids are discussed.
The Use of Negative-Impedance Units Inserted Uniformly Into a Transmission Line to Reduce Attenuation (1974)

This paper describes the general properties of a negative-impedance-boosted (NIB) transmission line, an otherwise uniform line to which lumps of negative impedance have been introduced periodically along its length. The purpose of these lumps is to reduce the attenuation of the line, but they also make possible self-oscillation and cause reflections. However, these reflections are cancelled up to a cutoff frequency that has an inverse relationship to the spacing of NIB units. Summaries are included of the latest NIB project; of previous investigations into NIB lines, many of which were not published; and of the first work in the Bell System to reduce transmission-line attenuation through the introduction of loading coils and then unilateral amplifiers. It is shown that many of the differences between properties of NIB lines and properties of a line fitted with unilateral amplifiers come from the different ways the source of energy replenishment is coupled into the line. It is shown that, under suitable conditions, the addition of small simple NIB units to a transmission line can reduce its loss to a low level in a stable manner and also equalize it. Because of some properties of NIB lines, they cannot be used successfully in all situations; in particular, an environment in which large longitudinal currents are induced in the lines is unfavorable.
SPRAY VARIABLE EFFECTS ON ABSCISSION OF ORANGE FRUIT FOR MECHANICAL HARVESTING (2000)

An experimental abscission chemical, CMN-Pyrazole (CMN-P), was applied to Valencia orange trees toinvestigate the effects of spray variables on fruit detachment force and mechanical harvesting efficiency of a trunk shaker.Spray variables included sprayer type, spray volume, ground speed, and CMN-P application rate. Harvesting efficacywas assessed in terms of fruit detachment force, pre-harvest drop of fruit, and percent fruit removal by the shaker. Atcomparable volume rates, CMN-P deposition was not significantly different for the Titan tower and AirFlow sprayers;however, harvesting efficacy was slightly better with the latter. Lower volume sprays resulted in higher deposition thanhigher volumes. However, more uniform deposition, lower fruit detachment force, and higher percent fruit removal wereobserved with higher volume sprays. Increasing the ground speed at constant sprayer output improved depositionefficiency, but more uniform spray distribution, better canopy penetration, and higher harvesting efficiencies wereobtained at lower ground speeds.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIARRHYTMISCH WIRKSAME VERBINDUNGEN, SYNTHESE UND BIOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAET EINIGER TETRAZOL‐ UND OXADIAZOL‐ANALOGA VON 4‐DIALKYLAMINO‐2,2‐DIARYLBUTYRAMIDEN (1973)

Abstract Aufgrund der guten pharmakologischen Aktivität von Disopyramid (I) werden ähnliche Komponenten hergestellt.
Expert judgment in maintenance optimization (1992)

A comprehensive method for the use of expert opinion for obtaining lifetime distributions required for maintenance optimization is proposed. The method includes procedures for the elicitation of discretized lifetime distributions from several experts, the combination of the elicited expert opinion into a consensus distribution, and the updating of the consensus distribution with failure and maintenance data. The development of the method was prompted by the lack of statistical training of the experts and the high demands on their time. The use of a discretized life distribution provides more flexibility, is more comprehendible by the experts in the elicitation stage, and greatly reduces the computation in the combination and updating stages. The methodology is Bayes, using the Dirichlet distribution as the prior distribution for the elicited discrete lifetime distribution. Methods are described for incorporating information concerning the expertise of the experts into the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dielectric properties of Bi-based superconductors nanoparticles filled natural rubber/low density Polyethelene nanocomposites (2009)

A new nano conducting polymer composite containing natural rubber (NR) filled with Bi-based superconductor (BSCCO) nanoparticles was successfully fabricated using a traditional milling rubber technique. The scanning and transmission electron microscopic (SEM, TEM) studies provide information on quality of these samples and the uniform distribution of BSCCO particles within NR matrix. The electric conductivity and dielectric measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 50 Hz-1 MHz and temperature range of 298-428 K. The measured impedance data were analysed on complex plane and the dc (bulk) as well as ac conductivity were obtained. Studies of dielectric constant as a function of frequency at different temperatures revealed that the compounds do not have any dielectric anomaly in the studied frequency and temperature range. The enhancement of the dielectric properties of nanocomposites makes it feasible as co-fired dielectric component devices.
VCSEL‐based optical links in burst‐mode slow optical power ramp‐up and how to achieve ultra‐short wake‐up times (2017)

Optical links in datacentres operate mainly in burst mode. The utilisation might be as low as 10%, i.e. most of the time the link is idle, but still consumes power. It would therefore be desirable to put these links into a low‐power sleep mode during idle signal by reducing the bias, and to operate the electronics and laser only when data is actually being transmitted. The laser is typically implemented with vertical cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs). VCSELs should not be biased below their threshold current as otherwise an extensive turn‐on delay will be incurred. A significant wake‐up time is still observed in VCSELs even if the bias is not reduced during idle and only logic zeros are transmitted. With reduced bias, an unacceptable wake‐up time is observed. The authors present measured data and propose a high‐amplitude wake‐up pulse at the beginning of the data burst, to significantly speed up the wake‐up time. Measurements show the effectiveness of this pulse.
Effect of goal-directed haemodynamic therapy guided by non-invasive monitoring on perioperative complications in elderly hip fracture patients within an enhanced recovery pathway (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02479321 .