gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-inducible Lipid Droplet-associated (HILPDA) Is a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) Target Involved in Hepatic Triglyceride Secretion (2014)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play major roles in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism through the control of numerous genes involved in processes such as lipid uptake and fatty acid oxidation. Here we identify hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (Hilpda/Hig2) as a novel PPAR target gene and demonstrate its involvement in hepatic lipid metabolism. Microarray analysis revealed that Hilpda is one of the most highly induced genes by the PPAR&amp;alpha; agonist Wy14643 in mouse precision cut liver slices. Induction of Hilpda mRNA by Wy14643 was confirmed in mouse and human hepatocytes. Oral dosing with Wy14643 similarly induced Hilpda mRNA levels in livers of wild-type mice but not Ppara(-/-) mice. Transactivation studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Hilpda is a direct PPAR&amp;alpha; target gene via a conserved PPAR response element located 1200 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. Hepatic overexpression of HILPDA in mice via adeno-associated virus led to a 4-fold increase in liver triglyceride storage, without any changes in key genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, &amp;beta;-oxidation, or lipolysis. Moreover, intracellular lipase activity was not affected by HILPDA overexpression. Strikingly, HILPDA overexpression significantly impaired hepatic triglyceride secretion. Taken together, our data uncover HILPDA as a novel PPAR target that raises hepatic triglyceride storage via regulation of triglyceride secretion.
Improvements of compact resonator fiber optic gyroscopes (2017)

This paper reports recent progress beyond our initial report [1] in resonator fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) development towards realization of a next generation compact device for commercial navigation applications by incorporation of silicon optical bench technology to miniaturize resonator and input optics. The resonator fiber optic gyro is being pursued because of its theoretical potential to meet navigation grade performance in a smaller size and lower cost than ring laser gyros (RLGs) and interferometric fiber optic gyros (IFOGs) [2]. This is due to the fact that the RFOG combines sensitivity-increasing signal to noise attributes of recirculating the light like an RLG, in addition to the ability to wind longer path length multi-turn coils like an IFOG, using optical fiber. New architectures realized with relatively small fiber-optic resonators and optics on a silicon optical bench (SIOB) are presented, along with initial bias stability test data. The laser architecture (Figure 1), which uses two phase-locked lasers to probe clockwise and counterclockwise resonances of a ring resonator, has been presented [3,4] at the OFS-24 in 2015 and at the 2016 SPIE 40th Anniversary of Fiber Optic Gyros Conference using all-fiber resonators and components. The all-fiber implementation, however, is less likely to meet the small-size and low-cost demands of the navigation market. The incorporation of the SIOB technology represents an important step forward in the miniaturization of the RFOG technology. In addition, the SIOB technology promises to be compatible with high volume, low-cost manufacturing techniques used for silicon processing, and automated assembly techniques. The operation of the RFOG is presented in this paper, which discusses the implementation with an SIOB. The SIOB plays a critical role in closing the resonator loop by connecting two ends of the coil, as well as providing an input light path into the resonator, and out of the resonator. By laying fibers in opposite ends of a v-groove with ball lenses in between, light is aligned and focused from one end of the loop fiber to the other. In the region between the ball lenses, light is collimated and polarized so that tiny beam-splitters can couple the light into and out of the resonator. The input paths also incorporate circulators on the chip to attenuate feedback to the lasers. Recent results show bias stability <;0.02 deg/hr. These very encouraging early results are amongst the best reported for RFOGs, even though they are the first report of introducing an SIOB into the loop. In addition, we addressed the unknown question of temperature stability of the SIOB in this paper by testing an SIOB over a non-condensing temperature range of 20 degree C to 85 degree C (the unit was not packaged or sealed). As depicted in Figure 7, its finesse demonstrates remarkable stability showing negligible change over temperature. This work demonstrates a further step in the development of a compact RFOG along with improved ARW and Bias Stability.
ChemInform Abstract: (O‐PHENYLENEBIS(DIMETHYLARSINE))HEPTACARBONYLDIIRON. PREPARATION, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, AND FLUXIONALITY IN SOLUTION (1982)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Fe 2 (CO) 9 mit dem Diarsin in THF unter CO wurde der Titelkomplex neben einem Fe, (CO)8(Diarsin)‐Komplex erhalten und chromatographisch abgetrennt.
Analysis of Amadori Compounds by High-Performance Cation Exchange Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2004)

High-performance cation exchange chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry or electrochemical detection was found to be an efficient tool for analyzing Amadori compounds derived from hexose and pentose sugars. The method allows rapid separation and identification of Amadori compounds, while benefiting from the well-known advantages of mass spectrometry, such as specificity and sensitivity. Glucose- and xylose-derived Amadori compounds of several amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine/isoleucine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid, were separated or discriminated using this new method. The method is suitable for the analysis of both model reaction mixtures and food products. Fructosylglutamate was found to be the major Amadori compound in dried tomatoes (approximately 1.5 g/100 g) and fructosylproline in dried apricots (approximately 0.2 g/100 g). Reaction of xylose and glycine at 90 degrees C (pH 6) for 2 h showed rapid formation of xylulosylglycine (approximately 12 mol %, 15 min) followed by slow decrease over time. Analysis of pentose-derived Amadori compounds is shown for the first time, which represents a major breakthrough in studying occurrence, formation, and decomposition of these labile Maillard intermediates.
Deconstructing a* Search (2018)

Many electrical engineers would agree that, had it not been for consistent hashing, the analy- sis of Moore’s Law might never have occurred. Given the current status of read-write modalities, developers daringly desire the simulation of B-trees, demonstrates the intuitive importance of computationally Bayesian cyberinformatics. We propose new robust algorithms (StaidBail), proving that redundancy and telephony can con- nect to achieve this ambition.
Increasing visibility of speed cameras might increase deaths and injuries on roads (2002)

EDITOR—In December 2001 the government announced changes to the colour and positioning of speed cameras.1 But what will the effect be on deaths and injuries caused by road traffic collisions related to speed? And where is the evidence for this change in policy?

Interventions to control speed seek to reduce both the likelihood and the severity of a collision. The setting of appropriate speed limits is a major strand of this preventive action, and speed cameras are one of the main methods of enforcing …
Confirmatory analysis of field-presumptive GSR test sample using SEM/EDS (2014)

RedXDefense has developed an automated red-light/green-light field presumptive lead test using a sampling pad which can be subsequently processed in a Scanning Electron Microscope for GSR confirmation. The XCAT’s sampling card is used to acquire a sample from a suspect’s hands on the scene and give investigators an immediate presumptive as to the presence of lead possibly from primer residue. Positive results can be obtained after firing as little as one shot. The same sampling card can then be sent to a crime lab and processed on the SEM for GSR following ASTM E-1588-10 Standard Guide for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry, in the same manner as the existing tape lifts currently used in the field. Detection of GSR-characteristic particles (fused lead, barium, and antimony) as small as 0.8 microns (0.5 micron resolution) has been achieved using a JEOL JSM-6480LV SEM equipped with an Oxford Instruments INCA EDS system with a 50mm2 SDD detector, 350X magnification, in low-vacuum mode and in high vacuum mode after coating with carbon in a sputter coater. GSR particles remain stable on the sampling pad for a minimum of two months after chemical exposure (long term stability tests are in progress). The presumptive result provided by the XCAT yields immediate actionable intelligence to law enforcement to facilitate their investigation, without compromising the confirmatory test necessary to further support the investigation and legal case.
Structure−Activity Relationships of γ-MSH Analogues at the Human Melanocortin MC3, MC4, and MC5 Receptors. Discovery of Highly Selective hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R Analogues (2003)

It has been shown by extensive studies that melanotropin bioactivities are critically dependent on the core or central tetrapeptide sequence, His-Phe-Arg-Trp, and in alpha-MSH it has been demonstrated further that a reverse-turn type conformation exists at this pharmacophore. To probe the receptor active conformation of the pharmacophore His-Phe-Arg-Trp in gamma-MSH, two different series of gamma-MSH analogues have been designed and synthesized and their biological activities determined at hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R. The 1st series consists of a cyclic scan using different disulfides or lactam bridges. It was found that cyclization of the native gamma-MSH around the highly conserved sequence can lead to shifts in affinity and selectivity for hMC4R instead of the hMC3R as seen in the native peptide. Furthermore, a 23-membered ring is desirable for potency (e.g., analogues 6 and 10) whereas a 26-membered ring (analogue 1, H-Tyr-Val-c[Cys-Gly-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys]-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH(2) with Gly(4)) is more important for selectivity. The 2nd series is made of d-2-naphthylalanine (d-Nal(2')) scan of the gamma-MSH sequence at position 6 and 8 and the replacement of His(5) with Pro (analogue 13). Analogue 12, H-Tyr-Val-Nle-Gly-His-Phe-Arg-d-Nal(2')-Asp-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH(2), is a potent and selective antagonist at the hMC4R, and analogue 15, H-Tyr-Val-Nle-Gly-Aib-Phe-Arg-d-Nal(2')-Asp-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH(2), is a highly selective and potent agonist of the hMC5R. A most promising analogue is 13, H-Tyr-Val-Nle-Gly-Pro-d-Nal(2')-Arg-Trp-Asp-Arg-Phe-Gly-NH(2), which is a very potent agonist of the hMC4R, and this analogue can be further evaluated for feeding behavior and the regulation of fat stores.
Micro-Machined Heater Designed for Miniaturized Thermal IR Sources (2019)

In this paper, Thermal-Electrical Finite Element Method (FEM) has been utilized to model and analyze thermal distribution of a joule micro heater machined on a highly doped silicon substrate. The heater filament is made of Platinum (Pt) while the oxide layer is from Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) for better adhesion to Pt. The thermal distribution as well as the temperature variation within the active area of different multi rings designs at different voltages are presented. Thermal-Electrical FEM simulations were conducted on three different designs single, double, and triple-rings filaments. Simulations show that triple-ring heater has the most uniform thermal radiation performance, which suggest make it a promising candidate design for miniaturized thermal IR sources.
Antineoplastic effect of immunostimulatory DNA (CpG-ODN) in a murine C57-BL6/MB-49 transitional cell carcinoma model. (2004)

Immunostimulatory DNA has promising antineoplastic activity in a murine subcutaneous TCC-model. The histological findings suggest an immunologically-mediated mode of action. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the immunological response.
Pulmonary nodule registration in serial CT scans using rib anatomy and nodule template matching (2007)

The goal of this study was to develop an automated method to identify corresponding nodules in serial CT scans for interval change analysis. The method uses the rib centerlines as the reference for initial nodule registration. From an automatically-identified starting point near the spine, each rib is locally tracked and segmented by expectation-maximization. The ribs are automatically labeled, and the centerlines are estimated using skeletonization. 3D rigid affine transformation is used to register the individual ribs in the reference and target scans. For a given nodule in the reference scan, a search volume of interest (VOI) in the target scan is defined by using the registered ribs. Template matching guided by the normalized cross-correlation between the nodule template and target locations within the search VOI is used for refining the registration. The method was evaluated on 48 CT scans from 20 patients. The slice thickness ranged from 0.625 to 7 mm, and the in-plane pixel size from 0.556 to 0.82 mm. Experienced radiologists identified 101 pairs of nodules. Two metrics were used for performance evaluation: 1) the Euclidean distance between the nodule centers identified by the radiologist and the computer registration, and 2) a volume overlap measure defined as the intersection of the VOIs identified by the radiologist and the computer registration relative to the radiologist's VOI. The average Euclidean distance error was 2.7 ± 3.3 mm. Only 2 pairs had an error >10 mm. The average volume overlap measure was 0.71 ± 0.24. Eight-three out of 101 pairs had overlap ratios > 0.5 and only 2 pairs had no overlap.
Identification of Two Forms (31-33 and 48 kD) of the Urinary Soluble p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor That Are Differentially N- and O-Glycosylated (1995)

The structure and the activity of urinary soluble TNF receptor type 1 (sTNF-R1), isolated from the urine of normal individuals, has been characterized and compared with that of recombinant sTNF-R1 expressed in CHO cells and with that of a nonglycosylated form expressed in Escherichia coli. Urinary sTNF-R1 was resolved in a major band of 31-33 kD and in a 48 kD band (less than 5% of total) by reducing SDS-PAGE; CHO sTNF-R1 was resolved in two bands of 29 and 31 kD. All bands were recognized by various anti-sTNF-R1 antibodies as well as by TNF-alpha in western and ligand blotting assays. No cross-reaction was observed with anti-TNF-R2 antibodies. N- and O-glycosylation studies indicated that (1) the 29-31 kD recombinant form as well as the 31-33 kD urinary form are N-glycosylated; (2) the differences between the 29-31 and 31-33 kD recombinant and natural products are mainly related to differences in the N-linked sugar content; and (3) the 48 kD sTNF-R1 isolated from urine also contains O-linked sugars. The urinary sTNF-R1 antigen mixture was able to inhibit TNF-alpha cytotoxicity with a potency comparable to that of nonglycosylated E. coli sTNF-R1. At variance, urinary sTNF-R1 was able to inhibit TNF-beta sevenfold more efficiently than E. coli sTNF-R1. In conclusion, two subtypes of sTNF-R1 have been isolated from urine: a main N-glycosylated form of 31-33 kD and a N- and O-glycosylated form of 48 kD that appears to be a minor constituent of the urinary sTNF-R1 antigen.
Towards water compatible MIPs for sensing in aqueous media (2012)

When synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a few fundamental principles should be kept in mind. There is a strong correlation between porogen polarity, MIP microenvironment polarity and the imprinting effect itself. The combination of these parameters eventually determines the overall binding behavior of a MIP in a given solvent. In addition, it is shown that MIP binding is strongly influenced by the polarity of the rebinding solvent. Because the use of MIPs in biomedical environments is of considerable interest, it is important that these MIPs perform well in aqueous media. In this article, various approaches are explored towards a water compatible MIP for the target molecule l-nicotine. To this end, the imprinting effect together with the MIP matrix polarity is fine-tuned during MIP synthesis. The binding behavior of the resulting MIPs is evaluated by performing batch rebinding experiments that makes it possible to select the most suitable MIP/non-imprinted polymer couple for future application in aqueous environments. One method to achieve improved compatibility with water is referred to as porogen tuning, in which porogens of varying polarities are used. It is demonstrated that, especially when multiple porogens are mixed, this approach can lead to superior performance in aqueous environments. Another method involves the incorporation of polar or non-polar comonomers in the MIP matrix. It is shown that by carefully selecting these monomers, it is also possible to obtain MIPs, which can selectively bind their target in water.
EXEL : a language for interactive behavioral synthesis (1988)

This paper describes a new input language for behavioral synthesis called EXEL. EXEL is a powerful language that permits the user to specify partially designed structures in the language. It employs a mixed graphic/textual user interface to enhance user interactivity. EXEL's design model is comprehensive: it permits specification of synchronous and asynchronous behavior, and allows specification of general timing constraints. A flexible type construct permits the user to define operators and components to be used in the description. Finally, it simplifies compilation by using a small set of constructs for specifying timing and asynchronouos behavior. The compiler for EXEL runs on SUN-3 workstations and is written in C and SUNVIEW.
Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial (2011)

Integrated care that covers chronic physical disease and comorbid depression can reduce social role disability and enhance global quality of life. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT00468676.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation (2000)

The present study examined the roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), a pivotal event in liver fibrogenesis. RNase protection assay detected mRNA for PPARgamma1 but not that for the adipocyte-specific gamma2 isoform in HSC isolated from sham-operated rats, whereas the transcripts for neither isoforms were detectable in HSC from cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed a 70% reduction in PPARgamma mRNA level in HSC from BDL. Nuclear extracts from BDL cells showed an expected diminution of binding to PPAR-responsive element, whereas NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding were increased. Treatment of cultured-activated HSC with ligands for PPARgamma (10 microm 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15dPGJ(2)); 0.1 approximately 10 microm BRL49653) inhibited DNA and collagen synthesis without affecting the cell viability. Suppression of HSC collagen by 15dPGJ(2) was abrogated 70% by the concomitant treatment with a PPARgamma antagonist (GW9662). HSC DNA and collagen synthesis were inhibited by WY14643 at the concentrations known to activate both PPARalpha and gamma (>100 microm) but not at those that only activate PPARalpha (<10 microm) or by a synthetic PPARalpha-selective agonist (GW9578). 15dPGJ(2) reduced alpha1(I) procollagen, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels while inducing matrix metalloproteinase-3 and CD36. 15dPGJ(2) and BRL49653 inhibited alpha1(I) procollagen promoter activity. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (10 ng/ml) reduced PPARgamma mRNA, and this effect was prevented by the treatment with 15dPGJ(2). These results demonstrate that HSC activation is associated with the reductions in PPARgamma expression and PPAR-responsive element binding in vivo and is reversed by the treatment with PPARgamma ligands in vitro. These findings implicate diminished PPARgamma signaling in molecular mechanisms underlying activation of HSC in liver fibrogenesis and the potential therapeutic value of PPARgamma ligands for liver fibrosis.
Structure of high-reflectance La/B-based multilayer mirrors with partial La nitridation (2016)

We investigate a hybrid thin film deposition procedure that significantly enhances reflectivity of La/B based nanoscale multilayer structures to be used as Extreme UV mirrors at 6.7 nm wavelength and beyond. We have analyzed the La-nitridation process in detail, and proposed a growth mechanism and deposition procedure for full, stoichiometric passivation of La, avoiding the formation of optically unfavorable BN formation at the LaN-on-B interface. A partial nitridation was applied and studied as a function of the nitridation delay.
Occurrence and removal of amino acids during drinking water treatment (2009)

Amino acids (AAs) have been identified as precursors to disinfection by‐products—some more cytotoxic than the currently regulated disinfection by‐products. This study measured occurrences and removals of AAs, amino sugars, and bulk organic matter surrogates (dissolved organic carbon [DOC], dissolved organic nitrogen [DON]) in raw water and filter effluents of 16 full‐scale water treatment plants influenced by algal activity or wastewater discharge. In raw waters, the average concentration of free AAs—those not bound in larger molecules—was very low, 0.69 μg/L N (&lt; 0.5% of the DON). The average concentration of total AAs—those bound and unbound—was 41.1 μg/L N (15% of the DON). The most dominant (on a molar basis) AA species detected were serine, alanine, and glycine. Water treatment removed, on average, 30, 30, 25, and 65% of DOC, DON, free AAs, and total AAs, respectively. This study was the first large‐scale occurrence survey of free and total AAs in United States drinking waters.
Object detection by labeling superpixels (2015)

Object detection is often conducted by object proposal generation and classification sequentially. This paper handles object detection in a superpixel oriented manner instead of the proposal oriented. Specially, this paper takes object detection as a multi-label superpixel labeling problem by minimizing an energy function. It uses the data cost term to capture the appearance, smooth cost term to encode the spatial context and label cost term to favor compact detection. The data cost is learned through a convolutional neural network and the parameters in the labeling model are learned through a structural SVM. Compared with proposal generation and classification based methods, the proposed superpixel labeling method can naturally detect objects missed by proposal generation step and capture the global image context to infer the overlapping objects. The proposed method shows its advantage in Pascal VOC and ImageNet. Notably, it performs better than the ImageNet ILSVRC2014 winner GoogLeNet (45.0% V.S. 43.9% in mAP) with much shallower and fewer CNNs.