gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outgassing measurement of finely polished stainless steel (1991)

We have measured the outgassing rate of finely polished stainless steel using cylindrical vacuum chambers. The electrolytic abrasively polished samples had very low outgassing rates of 3×10−13 to 6×10−13 Torr ℓ/s cm2. The rate with standard electrolytical polishing has remained around 1×10−12 Torr ℓ/s cm2. The semiultimate outgassing species turned out to be H2 and some samples still have desorbed H2O, even with the mirror-like polishing. Surface inspection of these samples by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates that the quantities of adsorbed organic hydrogen and oxygen, and surface oxides can qualitatively explain the desorption rates and desorption species of individual samples.
Preliminary Investigation of the Dissolution Behavior, Cytocompatibility, Effects of Fibrinogen Conformation and Platelet Adhesion for Radiopaque Embolic Particles (2021)

Experimental embolic particles based on a novel zinc-silicate glass system have been biologically evaluated for potential consideration in transcatheter arterial embolization procedures. In addition to controlling the cytotoxicity and haemocompatibility for such embolic particles, its glass structure may mediate specific responses via dissolution in the physiological environment. In a 120 h in-vitro dissolution study, ion release levels for silicon (Si4+), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), zinc (Zn2+), titanium (Ti4+), lanthanum (La3+), strontium (Sr2+), and magnesium (Mg2+), were found to range from 0.04 to 5.41 ppm, 0.27–2.28 ppm, 2.32–8.47 ppm, 0.16–0.20 ppm, 0.12–2.15 ppm, 0.16–0.49 ppm and 0.01–0.12 ppm, respectively for the series of glass compositions evaluated. Initial release of Zn2+ (1.93–10.40 ppm) was only evident after 120 h. All compositions showed levels of cell viabilities ranging from 61.31 ± 4.33% to 153.7 ± 1.25% at 25%–100% serial extract dilutions. The conformational state of fibrinogen, known to induce thrombi, indicated that no changes were induced with respect of the materials dissolution by-products. Furthermore, the best-in-class experimental composition showed equivalency to contour PVA in terms of inducing platelet adhesion. The data generated here provides requisite evidence to continue to in-vivo pre-clinical evaluation using the best-in-class experimental composition evaluated.
SU‐F‐BRF‐02: Automated Lung Segmentation Method Using Atlas‐Based Sparse Shape Composition with a Shape Constrained Deformable Model (2014)

Purpose: To develop an automated lung segmentation method, which combines the atlas‐based sparse shape composition with a shape constrained deformable model in thoracic CT for patients with compromised lung volumes. Methods: Ten thoracic computed tomography scans for patients with large lung tumors were collected and reference lung ROIs in each scan was manually segmented to assess the performance of the method. We propose an automated and robust framework for lung tissue segmentation by using single statistical atlas registration to initialize a robust deformable model in order to perform fine segmentation that includes compromised lung tissue. First, a statistical image atlas with sparse shape composition is constructed and employed to obtain an approximate estimation of lung volume. Next, a robust deformable model with shape prior is initialized from this estimation. Energy terms from ROI edge potential and interior ROI region based potential as well as the initial ROI are combined in this model for accurate and robust segmentation. Results: The proposed segmentation method is applied to segment right lung on three CT scans. The quantitative results of our segmentation method achieved mean dice score of (0.92–0.95), mean accuracy of (0.97,0.98), and mean relative error of (0.10,0.16) with 95% CI. The quantitative results of previously published RASM segmentation method achieved mean dice score of (0.74,0.96), mean accuracy of (0.66,0.98), and mean relative error of (0.04, 0.38) with 95% CI. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that our proposed method can achieve better segmentation accuracy with less variance compared with a robust active shape model method. Conclusion: The atlas‐based segmentation approach achieved relatively high accuracy with less variance compared to RASM in the sample dataset and the proposed method will be useful in image analysis applications for lung nodule or lung cancer diagnosis and radiotherapy assessment in thoracic computed tomography.
Heterotopically induced bone marrow formation: morphology and transplantation. (1980)

Following heterotopic osteogenesis by implantation of xenogeneic epithelia, established human amnion cell lines FL and WISH, and isolated transitional epithelium of dogs in mice, biogenesis of hematopoietic tissue among the induced bone ossicles was observed. Precursors and mature forms of erythroid, granuloid, lymphoid and megakaryocytic series were found in the induced bone marrow. The concentration of lymphocytes in the induced marrow was higher and that of erythropoietic cells lower as compared with orthotopic femur bone marrow. The yield of myeloid cells varied from 0.31 to 14.5 X 10(6) per induced bone nodule, and was higher when uroepithelium was used as an inductor. The induced bone marrow contained hemopoietic stem cells in concentration similar to that of medullar bone marrow and the induced bone marrow protected lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients when used in the same doses as orthotopic bone marrow.
Tumour‐to‐tumour metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma with BRAF mutation to lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation: the utility of mutation‐specific antibodies (2015)

As a component of multimodal diagnostic tools, immunohistochemistry can avoid some pitfalls involved in the molecular diagnosis of complicated cases (such as our own) and can help to ensure that patients receive optimal treatments.
Refinement of Arrival-time Picks Using an Iterative, Cross-correlation Based Workflow (2014)

Summary Cross-correlation based techniques are widely used for time-delay estimation in electrical engineering and in the processing of passive and active seismic data. We present an iterative cross-correlation based workflow to refine arrival time picks on microseismic data that were initially picked either manually or using a single-trace based algorithm such as short and long-term average ratio (STA/LTA). We then evaluate the performance of this workflow on both synthetic and real microseismic data using a Monte Carlo approach. A significant improvement in the arrival-time picks is observed for both high and low S/N. Accurate arrival times are picked, even for cases where the initial picks are perturbed by adding significant noise. For the cases considered here, an arrival-time accuracy of ±2–4 samples (±0.5 – 1ms) is achieved for both synthetic and real microseismic data.
Nonlinear filtering without aliasing errors (2003)

A scheme based on a combination of linear and nonlinear filters ensuring high detail-preservation, with no blurring and without giving rise to aliasing artifacts, is described. Nonlinear detail-preserving filters are combined with linear filters using a special frequency detector to switch the operation to a particular filter depending on the local signal content. In signal areas with rapidly varying high-frequency content, the linear filter is switched on to avoid aliasing distortions. In fast-changing signal areas, the nonlinear filter is switched on to avoid blurring edges. The high frequency signal components which may give rise to aliasing errors are effectively removed while edges and details remain intact. Results of tests on real and simulated images indicate that the new scheme unifies the best features of linear and nonlinear filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transparent ground planes for automotive applications (2014)

This paper presents multiple miniaturized element frequency selective surface (MEFSS) based optically transparent ground plane configurations with focus on increasing the bandwidth of the ground plane while maintaining a good optical transparency. First, the behavior of MEFSSs is studied using a basic circuit model. The relationship between the circuit and design parameters is then derived and it is shown that one of the main limiting factors in achieving both a high bandwidth and low opacity design is the maximum realizable capacitance between the adjacent cells. Several methods of increasing the capacitance between the adjacent cells are then presented. It is shown that using a certain arrangement of elements on multiple layers, the bandwidth of a single-pole MEFSS can be increased without increasing its opacity. The performance of the proposed MEFSS is then numerically analysed and compared with the traditional MEFSSs.
Robust Algorithms on Adaptive Inputs from Bounded Adversaries (2023)

We study dynamic algorithms robust to adaptive input generated from sources with bounded capabilities, such as sparsity or limited interaction. For example, we consider robust linear algebraic algorithms when the updates to the input are sparse but given by an adversary with access to a query oracle. We also study robust algorithms in the standard centralized setting, where an adversary queries an algorithm in an adaptive manner, but the number of interactions between the adversary and the algorithm is bounded. We first recall a unified framework of [HKM+20, BKM+22, ACSS23] for answering $Q$ adaptive queries that incurs $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{Q})$ overhead in space, which is roughly a quadratic improvement over the naïve implementation, and only incurs a logarithmic overhead in query time. Although the general framework has diverse applications in machine learning and data science, such as adaptive distance estimation, kernel density estimation, linear regression, range queries, and point queries and serves as a preliminary benchmark, we demonstrate even better algorithmic improvements for (1) reducing the pre-processing time for adaptive distance estimation and (2) permitting an unlimited number of adaptive queries for kernel density estimation. Finally, we complement our theoretical results with additional empirical evaluations.
Circuits, Currents, Kirchhoff, and Maxwell (2023)

Electricity flows in circuits that bring us power and information. The current flow in circuits is defined by the Maxwell equations that are as exact and universal as any in science. The Maxwell-Ampere law defines the source of the magnetic field as a current. In a vacuum, like that between stars, there are no charges to carry that current. In a vacuum, the source of the magnetic field is the displacement current, \(\varepsilon_0\ \partial\mathbf{E}/\partial t\). Inside matter, the source of the magnetic field is the flux of charge added to the displacement current. This total current obeys a version of Kirchhoff’s current law that is implied by the mathematics of the Maxwell equations, and therefore is as universal and exact as they are. Kirchhoff's laws provide a useful coarse graining of the Maxwell equations that avoids calculating the Coulombic interactions of \({10}^{23}\) charges yet provide sufficient information to design the integrated circuits of our computers. Kirchhoff's laws are exact, as well as coarse grained because they are a mathematical consequence of the Maxwell equations, without assumption or further physical content. In a series circuit, the coupling in Kirchhoff’s law makes the total current exactly equal everywhere at any time. The Maxwell equations provide just the forces needed to move atomic charges so the total currents in Kirchhoff’s law are equal for any mechanism of charge movement. Those movements couple processes for any physical mechanism of charge movement. In biology, Kirchhoff coupling is an important part of membrane transport and enzyme function. For example, it helps the membrane enzymes cytochrome c oxidase and ATP-synthase produce ATP, the biological store of chemical energy.
Supplementary Figure 10 from Targeting Protein Synthesis in a Myc/mTOR-Driven Model of Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome Delays Its Onset and Prolongs Survival (2023)

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Parathyroid Hormone Regulation of Type II Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporters Is Dependent on an A Kinase Anchoring Protein (2003)

Parathyroid hormone inhibits sodium-phosphate cotransport in proximal renal tubule cells through activation of several kinases. We tested the hypothesis that the activity of these kinases was coordinated by an A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) by demonstrating that the type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-4) physically associated with an AKAP and that this association was necessary for regulation of phosphate transport by parathyroid hormone. Immunoprecipitation with anti-NaPi-4 antiserum and glutathione S-transferase pull-down with GST-NaPi-4 showed that NaPi-4 associated with AKAP79, protein kinase A catalytic and regulatory subunits, and the parathyroid hormone receptor in opossum kidney cells. When the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A was uncoupled from the AKAP by a competing peptide, parathyroid hormone lost the ability to inhibit phosphate transport. This result was confirmed by co-transfecting HEK293 cells with the sodium-phosphate cotransporter and wild type AKAP, a mutant AKAP79, or the empty vector. 8-Bromo-cAMP was able to inhibit phosphate transport in cells expressing the wild type AKAP79 but not empty vector or mutant AKAP79. We conclude that parathyroid hormone inhibits proximal renal tubule sodium-phosphate cotransport through a signaling complex dependent upon an AKAP.
Pulsed Electric Breakdown and Destruction of Granite (1999)

There are various methods of rock drilling and demolition. Recently, a method utilizing pulsed power technology has appeared. This method is based on the difference of the dynamic breakdown field strength of liquid and solid dielectrics. The applicability of this method was examined using a very hard rock–granite. The features of the rock destruction have been studied. The X-ray computer tomography was used to confirm the penetration of the electrical discharge into the rock. Well-resolved marks of the electric discharge channel could be observed using this technique. Destruction effectiveness was examined for various experimental conditions. The volume of the rock destroyed in a shot and the energy consumption in the destruction process are dependent on the generator voltage. The distance between electrodes has the optimum value for a given voltage.
In vitro and in vivo inhibition of malaria parasite infection by monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) (2021)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria contributes to a significant global disease burden. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the most abundant sporozoite stage antigen, is a prime vaccine candidate. Inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CSP map to either a short junctional sequence or the central (NPNA)<sub>n</sub> repeat region. We compared in vitro and in vivo activities of six CSP-specific mAbs derived from human recipients of a recombinant CSP vaccine RTS,S/AS01 (mAbs 317 and 311); an irradiated whole sporozoite vaccine PfSPZ (mAbs CIS43 and MGG4); or individuals exposed to malaria (mAbs 580 and 663). RTS,S mAb 317 that specifically binds the (NPNA)<sub>n</sub> epitope, had the highest affinity and it elicited the best sterile protection in mice. The most potent inhibitor of sporozoite invasion in vitro was mAb CIS43 which shows dual-specific binding to the junctional sequence and (NPNA)<sub>n</sub>. In vivo mouse protection was associated with the mAb reactivity to the NANPx6 peptide, the in vitro inhibition of sporozoite invasion activity, and kinetic parameters measured using intact mAbs or their Fab fragments. Buried surface area between mAb and its target epitope was also associated with in vivo protection. Association and disconnects between in vitro and in vivo readouts has important implications for the design and down-selection of the next generation of CSP based interventions.
Experimental study of bent multimode optical waveguides (2004)

Bend losses of bent multimode waveguides have been experimentally studied. The results experimentally verify a simple analytical expression based on ray optics that can be used to determine bend losses in bent multimode waveguides. We have also shown that bend-induced losses in such multimode optical waveguides are wavelength independent.
A LASSO-Inspired Approach for Localizing Power System Infeasibility (2020)

A method is proposed to identify and localize the cause of network collapse with augmented power flow analysis for a grid model with insufficient resources. Owing to heavy network loading, insufficient generation, component failures and unavoidable disturbances, power grid models can sometimes fail to converge to a feasible solution for a steady-state power flow study. For applications such as system expansion planning, it is desirable to locate the system buses that are contributing to network infeasibilities to facilitate corrective actions. This paper proposes a novel LASSO-inspired regularization of the power flow matrix that enforces sparsity to localize and quantify infeasibilities in the network. One of the examples demonstrates how the proposed method is capable of localizing a source of blackout to a single dominant bus on an 80k+ bus eastern interconnection model.
Zona pellucida glycoprotein mZP3 bioactivity is not dependent on the extent of glycosylation of its polypeptide or on sulfation and sialylation of its oligosaccharides (1997)

During fertilization in mice, free-swimming sperm bind to mZP3, one of three egg zona pellucida glycoproteins. Sperm recognize and bind to specific serine/threonine-linked (O-linked) oligosaccharides located at the mZP3 combining site for sperm. Shortly after binding to mZP3, sperm undergo the acrosome reaction, a form of cellular exocytosis. Here, we examined the influence of extent of glycosylation, sulfation, and sialylation of mZP3 (M(r) approximately 65,000-100,000) on its bioactivity; i.e. its ability to inhibit binding of sperm to eggs and to induce the acrosome reaction in vitro. Low (av. M(r) approximately 70,000), medium (av. M(r) approximately 82,000), and high (av. M(r) approximately 94,000) M(r) fractions of mZP3 were purified and shown to vary in extent of asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycosylation. All three size-fractions exhibited bioactivity, suggesting that the ability of mZP3 to inhibit binding of sperm to eggs is not related to the extent of glycosylation of its polypeptide (M(r) approximately 44,000). Digestion of mZP3 by neuraminidase decreased its average M(r) from approximately 83,000 to approximately 77,000 and increased its average pI from approximately 4.7 to approximately 6.0, but did not significantly affect mZP3 bioactivity. Terminal sialic acid largely accounts for the glycoprotein's acidic nature, but is not an essential element of the mZP3 combining site for sperm. Experiments with stably transfected embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells that secrete bioactive EC-mZP3 revealed that, of the sulfate present, approximately 70-75% was located on N-linked and approximately 25-30% on O-linked oligosaccharides. EC-mZP3 devoid of sulfate inhibited binding of sperm to eggs and induced the acrosome reaction to the same extent as sulfated EC-mZP3. These results suggest that sulfation of EC-mZP3 oligosaccharides is not essential for bioactivity. Overall, these findings contrast with those reported for certain other glycoproteins involved in cellular adhesion that require sulfate and/or sialic acid for bioactivity.
Analysis of Changes in Parathyroid Hormone and 25 (OH) Vitamin D Levels with Respect to Age, Gender and Season: A Data Mining Study (2017)

Our retrospective study based on large data set supports the suitability of the currently accepted clinical cut-off of 75 nmol/L for sufficient 25(OH)D. However, the issue of assessing Vitamin D deficiency remains difficult due to seasonal variations in serum 25(OH)D. Therefore, PTH measurements should complement 25(OH)D results for diagnosing Vitamin D deficiency. It is imperative that seasonally different criteria should be considered in future.
Development of uniaxially driven biaxial tensile testing method using microminiature specimen of thin thickness (2014)

We have established a biaxial tensile test method suitable for the measurement of the local plastic deformation characteristics of a hard aluminum alloy sheet 3104-H, which is a typical material for aluminum can bodies, as a representative of the low work hardening materials. The present method consists of the following: (1) a microminiature cruciform specimen, (2) a newly designed linkage mechanism mounted on a uniaxial tensile testing machine, and (3) the loading path diagram as an experimental method to measure the biaxial stress–strain curves accurately from the biaxial tensile tests with linear displacement paths of the chucking jigs. The following are drawn from the biaxial tensile tests for the thin test material: (i) using the proposed biaxial tensile testing apparatus, we measured a contours of plastic work, and it was in good agreement with that measured using the conventional linear stress path tests, (ii) we were successful to determine the real yield points for various biaxial tensile states using the loading path diagrams and to measure the contour of plastic work corresponding to the maximum equivalent plastic strain of 0.0012, and (iii) the contour of plastic work is well approximated using the Yld2000-2d yield function with an exponent of 7.78.
Molecular Heterogeneity of Inherited Antithrombin III Deficiency (1983)

Inherited antithrombin III deficiency is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism. Using recombinant-DNA techniques, we isolated a molecular probe for the antithrombin III structural gene and identified a common DNA polymorphism within the gene. We found that there is genetic heterogeneity in this disorder. In one family, the antithrombin III gene was deleted in affected members, whereas in another no deletion occurred. Use of the DNA polymorphism should allow identification and further characterization of abnormal antithrombin III genes.