gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lunar Prospector Orbit Determination and Gravity Filed Modeling Based on Weilheim 3-Way Doppler Measurements (1999)

In the summer of 1998, the Lunar Prospector (LP) spacecraft was tracked form DLR's Weilheim ground station. Over a period of six weeks passive 3-way Doppler data have been collected by the 30 m deep space antenna making use of the available uplink from stations of the Deep Space Network (DSN). The paper describes the tracking campaign and the subsequent data analysis using both Geodyn II and DLR's in house orbit determination software DEEPEST. The original measurements exhibit a noise level of 0.5 mm/s at count times of 30 s. Taking advantage of the LP75G gravity model, the data could be modeled to an accuracy of typically 6 mm/s rms in weekly orbit determinations. Attempts were also made to model the 0.2 rev/s rotation of the LP Spacecraft, which is evident as a periodic signal with a ~7 mm/s amplitude in tracking data sampled at a 1 s interval, but proved to be unsatifactory due to an apparent instability of the rotation rate. Finally all tracking data were processed using the GEODYN II &amp; SOLVE program available at TU. Delft to generate partial derivatives for gravity field coefficients and demonstrate the basic capability of solving for a global 75x75 gravity model.
The Exomer Coat Complex Transports Fus1p to the Plasma Membrane via a Novel Plasma Membrane Sorting Signal in Yeast (2009)

Sorting of transmembrane cargo proteins to different cellular compartments is mediated by sorting signals that are recognized by coat proteins involved in vesicle biogenesis. We have identified a sorting signal in the yeast cell fusion protein Fus1p that is required for its transport from the trans-Golgi compartment to the plasma membrane. Transport of Fus1p from the trans-Golgi to the cell surface is dependent on Chs5p, a component of the multisubunit exomer complex. We show that Fus1p transport is also dependent on the exomer components Bch1p and Bud7p. Disruption of the clathrin adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) restores Fus1p localization to the cell surface in the absence of exomer, possibly by promoting an alternate, exomer-independent route of transport. Mutation of an IXTPK sequence in the cytosolic tail of Fus1p abolishes its physical interaction with Chs5p, results in mislocalization of Fus1p, and therefore causes a cell fusion defect. These defects are suppressed by disruption of AP-1. We suggest that IXTPK comprises a novel sorting signal that is recognized and bound by exomer leading to the capture of Fus1p into coated vesicles en route to the cell surface.
JuruXML - an XML Retrieval System at INEX'02. (2002)

XML documents represent a middle range between unstructured data such as textual documents and fully structured data encoded in databases. Typically, information retrieval techniques are used to support search on the “unstructured ” end of this scale, while database techniques are used for the other end. To date, most of the work on XML query and search has stemmed from the structured side and is strongly inspired by database techniques. We describe here an approach that originates from the “unstructured ” end and is based on augmentation of information retrieval techniques. It is specifically targeted to support the information needs of end-users, more specifically a generic querying mechanism, and ranking of results for approximate needs. We describe our query format and ranking mechanism and demonstrate how it was used to run the INEX topics.
The winged helix transcription factor Hfh2 is expressed in neural crest and spinal cord during mouse development (1998)

The embryonic neural crest is a unique group of cells that gives rise to the peripheral nervous system as well as many other cell types. Most of the work describing the behavior and specification of these cells has been done in the avian system, a system amenable to experimental manipulations such as tissue grafting, cell transplantation and lineage tracing. This work has been greatly facilitated by the use of molecular markers of neural crest cells such as HNK-1 and slug, markers that are not yet available for the study of mouse neural crest. Here we demonstrate that Hfh2 (HNF3 forkhead homologue 2), a member of the 'winged helix' or 'forkhead' transcription factor gene family, is expressed in premigratory and migrating neural crest cells in the early mouse embryo and in motorneuron progenitors in the developing spinal cord. Using linkage analysis we have localized the Hfh2 gene to chromosome 4 at 44.91 cM from the centromere.
Numerical Computation of Optimal Atmospheric Trajectories (1981)

A second-order direct trajectory optimization method in which the state time history is described by Chebychev polynomials and the dynamical equations are satisfied by penalty functions is described. The convergence and fidelity of the method are demonstrated with solutions to the following problems: brachistochrone, subsonic transport minimum-time climb, supersonic interceptor minimum-time climb, Goddard rocket problem with a singular arc, subsonic transport minimum-fuel for a fixed-range mission including climb, cruise and descent, and optimal evasive maneuvers for an airplane pursued by a missile with proportional guidance. The results demonstrate that the method provides an efficient and reliable procedure for solving a wide variety of realistic trajectory optimization problems.
Transient filamentous network structure of a colloidal suspension excited by stepwise electric fields (2007)

Jamming and force networks observed in electrorheological (ER) fluids bear many similarities to those observed in various granular and colloidal systems. We have measured the time evolution (transient stresses) of filamentous networks of colloidal particles in suspensions subjected to continuous tensile strain concomitant with the switching on and off of electric fields. The density of particle chains was found to increase exponentially with the applied tensile strain via a rapid formation of single chains followed by a slower coarsening (aggregation) of the chains. The two processes can be ascribed to the field-induced short-range and long-range interparticle forces, respectively, along with the tensile viscous force.
Regulation of Lignin Formation in Reed Canarygrass in Relation (2016)

Lignin content and enzymes involved in lignification were measured in leaf discs of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) inoculated with Helminthosporium avenae and floated on water or solutions of cycloheximide (25 ,ug/ml). Fungal genn tubes did not penetrate localized lignified swellings, which formed beneath penetration sites, in the outer epidermal wall of discs floated on water. Within 18 hours, inoculated discs on water had higher lignin content and higher activity of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase, hydroxycinnamate-CoA ligase and peroxidase than noninoculated discs on water. When inoculated tissues were floated on cycloheximide solutions, increases in lignin content and enzyme activities associated with lignin biosynthesis were inhibited, and the tissue was susceptible to fungal penetration. Lignin biosynthesis at the site of attempted fungal penetration may play an important role in the resistant response of reed canarygrass to leaf-infecting fungi.
Experimental and Theoretical NOx Physisorption Analyses of Mesoporous Film (SBA-15 and SBA-16) Constructed Surface Photo Voltage (SPV) Sensor (2004)

Mesoporous silica films with hexagonal (SBA-15) and cubic (SBA-16) mesostructures have been successfully employed to fabricate surface photo voltage (SPV) sensors for NO2 gas. These SPV sensors exhibited better sensitivity (S) in 50 ppm NO2 gas than in 100 ppm NO gas. SPV with SBA-16 film showed better sensitivity in 1 ppm NO2 gas than in 1 ppm NO gas. These phenomena can be explained by the physical adsorption of the target gas into the mesoporous layer, which is regarded as the insulator layer in metal−insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices.
The interplay of wind and uplift facilitates over-water flight in facultative soaring birds (2020)

Abstract Flying over the open sea is energetically costly for terrestrial birds. Despite this, over-water journeys of many birds, sometimes hundreds of kilometers long, are uncovered by bio-logging technology. To understand how these birds afford their flights over the open sea, we investigated the role of atmospheric conditions, specifically wind and uplift, in subsidizing over-water flight at the global scale. We first established that Δ T , the temperature difference between sea surface and air, is a meaningful proxy for uplift over water. Using this proxy, we showed that the spatio-temporal patterns of sea-crossing in terrestrial migratory birds is associated with favorable uplift conditions. We then analyzed route selection over the open sea for five facultative soaring species, representing all major migratory flyways. The birds maximized wind support when selecting their sea-crossing routes and selected higher uplift when suitable wind support was available. They also preferred routes with low long-term uncertainty in wind conditions. Our findings suggest that, in addition to wind, uplift may play a key role in the energy seascape for bird migration that in turn determines strategies and associated costs for birds crossing ecological barriers such as the open sea.
Graphs with K-Balanced Closed Neighborhood Matrices (1983)

Graphs with K-Balanced Closed Neighborhood Matrices
Evaluation of spray-dried animal plasma and select menhaden fish meal in transition diets of pigs weaned at 12 to 14 days of age and reared in different production systems. (1997)

We conducted two experiments with pigs weaned at 12 to 14 d of age to evaluate the effects of adding spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) and select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) to the diets fed from 5 to 19 (Exp. 1) and 7 to 21 d (Exp. 2) after weaning. This 14-d period represents the transition from the nutrient-dense diet fed to all pigs after weaning to the simpler corn-soybean meal-based diet fed to all pigs for an additional 14 (Exp. 1) or 7 d (Exp. 2) after the experimental period. Pigs averaged 5 kg at the start of the experimental period. In Exp. 1, pigs had a high health status and were weaned to an off-site nursery (SEW) and fed 12 experimental diets in a 3 (0, 2.5, or 5% SDAP) x 4 (0, 2.5, 5, or 7.5% SMFM) factorial arrangement. Diets were formulated to contain 1.6% lysine and contained 20% dried whey, 5% soybean oil, and 2.5% spray-dried blood meal. The SDAP and(or) SMFM replaced corn and soybean meal on an equal lysine basis. Average daily gain and ADFI were not affected by treatment during any period of the experiment. Gain:feed was improved by the addition of SDAP (linear, P < .05) and SMFM (linear, P < .07) during the period from 5 to 19 d. Over the 33-d experiment, SDAP and SMFM improved (linear, P < .05) gain:feed. In Exp. 2, pigs were weaned on-site to an all-in/all-out by room nursery and fed diets identical to those fed in Exp. 1, with 0 or 2.5% SDAP and 0, 2.5, or 5% SMFM in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. The addition of 2.5% SDAP improved ADG and gain:feed during the period from 7 to 14 d (P < .05) and 0 to 28 d (P < .10), but not over the period from 7 to 21 d. The addition of SMFM did not affect ADG during any period, but it resulted in a quadratic improvement in gain:feed during the periods from 7 to 14 (P < .05) and 7 to 21 (P < .10) d. These results suggest that high-health SEW pigs respond less to SDAP and SMFM in the transition diet than pigs with a lower health status reared in an on-site nursery. The data further suggest that formulation of transition diets should consider the type of production system if pig performance and diet cost are to be optimized.
Reversal by naloxone of the antihypertensive action of clonidine: involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. (1984)

The effects of clonidine, naloxone, and their combination on arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were examined in 29 patients with essential hypertension. Treatment for 3 days with 0.3 mg/day clonidine reduced BP and HR, and these effects were quickly reversed by a single injection of 0.4 mg iv naloxone in 17 of the patients (responders), but not in the remaining 12 (nonresponders). Responders had higher control values for cardiac output, stroke index, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma epinephrine levels than did nonresponders. Basal BP was similar in the two groups, but clonidine decreased BP, PRA, and plasma epinephrine more in responders than in nonresponders. Naloxone given during placebo treatment had no significant effects. During clonidine treatment naloxone increased BP, HR, total peripheral resistance, PRA, and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine, and decreased stroke volume in responders, whereas in nonresponders its only effect was a small increase in HR. It is concluded that in a subset of hyperadrenergic, hypertensive patients the antihypertensive effect of clonidine involves a naloxone-reversible inhibition of central sympathetic outflow, probably mediated by the release of an endogenous opioid.
Fault prognosis of wind turbine generator using SCADA data (2016)

Accurate prognosis of wind turbine generator failures is essential for reducing operation and maintenance costs in wind farms. Existing methods rely on expensive, purpose-built condition monitoring systems to conduct diagnosis and prognosis of wind turbine generator failures. In this paper, we present a prognosis method to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of generators, which requires no additional hardware support beyond widely adopted SCADA system. This work first introduces a notion, Anomaly Operation Index (AOI), to quantitatively measure wind turbine performance degradation in runtime. It then presents a data-driven wind turbine anomaly detection method and a time series analysis method to predict the wind turbine generator RUL. Experimental study on real-world wind farm data demonstrates that the proposed methods can achieve accurate prediction of wind turbine generator RUL and provide sufficient lead time for scheduling maintenance and repair.
Tunable ultraviolet radiation by second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium tantalate (1997)

We describe electric-field poling of fine-pitch ferroelectric domain gratings in lithium tantalate and characterization of nonlinear-optical properties by single-pass quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation (QPM SHG). With a 7.5-microm-period grating, the observed effective nonlinear coefficient for first-order QPM SHG of 532-nm radiation is 9 pm/V, whereas for a grating with a 2.625-microm period, 2.6 pm/V was observed for second-order QPM SHG of 325-nm radiation. These values are 100% and 55% of the theoretically expected values, respectively. We derive a temperature-dependent Sellmeier equation for lithium tantalate that is valid deeper into the UV than currently available results, based on temperature-tuning experiments at different QPM grating periods combined with refractive-index data in the literature.
Principles and Applications of Waveguide Transmission (1950)

Under the above title, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. will shortly publish the book from which the following article is excerpted. Dr. Southworth is one of the leading authorities on waveguides and was one of the first to foresee the great usefulness that this form of transmission might offer. The editors of the Hell System Technical Journal are grateful for permission to publish here parts of the preface and the historical introduction and chapter 6 in its entirety.
Improvement of cyclosporin A determination in whole blood by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (2003)

A chromatographic method was developed for the determination of cyclosporin A in human whole blood using reversed-phase HPLC at room temperature. Most previous reports carried out this liquid chromatographic separation at temperatures above 70 degrees C. The present procedure greatly improves the detection limit by controlling peak broadening effects, as well as the lifetime of the column at room temperature. Under optimal conditions and using ketoconazole as an internal standard, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 16-1000 microg/L with a relative standard deviation of 3.72% at 150 microg/L and 2.45% at 300 microg/L (n = 11) of cyclosporin A. The detection limit was of 5.0 microg/L cyclosporin A. By this procedure, cyclosporin A pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy Chinese subjects were studied. The developed method could be applied to the quantification of cyclosporin A in human blood samples and allows the study of its pharmacokinetics in routine laboratories.
Micro-Parallel Liquid Chromatography for Analysis of Peptides and Proteins (2004)

The present study evaluates the application of Nanostream Inc.'s Veloce micro-parallel liquid chromatography (μPLC) system, a high-throughput microfluidic liquid chromatography (LC) system, for the analysis of peptides and proteins. Using the Veloce system, as well as traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems, we performed separations and analyses of (1) a mixture of peptide standards, (2) crude and semipure synthetic peptides, and (3) peptide components of a protein digested with trypsin. In all these studies, the Veloce system was evaluated by comparison to a traditional HPLC system for the number of peaks, their resolution, retention time, shape, and width. When similar columns were used, the performance of the Veloce system was comparable to that of traditional HPLC systems. In general, the Veloce system offers several advantages over traditional HPLC systems, such as the ability to analyze samples in a high-throughput manner with significantly lower consumption of samples and solvents.
Magnetic Shape Memory Micropump for Submicroliter Intracranial Drug Delivery in Rats (2016)

Point-of-care diagnostic devices, micrototal analysis (μTAS) systems, lab-on-a-chip development, and biomedical research rely heavily upon microfluidic management and innovative micropump design. Here, we describe the design and prototype deployment of a magnetic shape memory (MSM) micropump capable of submicroliter per minute flow rates. The pump contains no valves or moving parts in the fluid channel and is capable of bidirectional fluid transport. This pump was employed as the mechanism to deliver small intracranial dosages of ketamine and tetrodotoxin (TTX) at 0.33 μl/min during in vivo electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized rats, performing to required specifications.
Evaluating Connectivity Projects: Using Point-to-Point GIS Routing to Measure the Benefits of New Transportation Connections (2011)

Transportation system connectivity is drawing increased focus within local, state and federal planning circles as smart growth, active living, growth management, sustainability and climate change policies and programs stress smarter decision-making. This study examines seven transportation system connectivity metrics to determine which the best for measuring the benefits of micro-scale connectivity improvements. Study findings show that the direct measurement of connectivity by means of a route directness index (RDI) can be effectively and consistently applied across varying contexts, including rail transit station areas, fire station service areas, and non-motorized transportation system improvements. While testing transportation plan improvements, RDI was found to provide greater differentiation in measured connectivity than link-node ratio and intersection density. RDI was also found to be a more robust measure of connectivity for analyzing and quantifying the benefits of a variety of sustainable community issues, including quality of neighborhood networks, improving transit station accessibility, and emergency services response / fire station access—sustainability-related components that should be considered in transportation project design. Study examples and findings illustrate how connectivity metrics differ in their abilities to measure the benefits among specific system improvements. While helpful in raising awareness and guiding better land use/transportation system development, study findings suggest that current policies and programs employing proxy measures of connectivity (e.g. link-node ratio or intersection density) have limited utility as performance-based analytical tools. This is due to their inability to recognize subtle changes to system connectivity in evaluating alternatives, measures provided by point-to-point geographic information system (GIS) metrics such as RDI.
Elastic continuum analysis of the liquid crystal polarization grating (2007)

We apply elastic continuum theory to model critical parameters influencing the free-energy equilibrium configuration and the dynamic performance of a continuous and in-plane liquid crystal profile acting as a polarization grating. We present analytical expressions for the threshold voltage, critical thickness, and the dynamic switching times under strong anchoring conditions, negligible flow, and arbitrary splay, twist, and bend constants. We also study the influence of weak anchoring, and derive expressions describing a dramatic reduction of the critical thickness and voltage threshold, even for modest grating periods and surface anchoring strengths. Good correlation exists with previously reported experimental data, except in the dynamic response; we therefore show that flow effects (backflow and kickback) likely play an essential role in the fall times, presumably due to the prominent splay-bend deformation of the zero-field configuration. We consider the impact of surface pretilt, and validate our entire analysis with numerical simulations. The approximation technique we employ is likely broadly useful for many problems which include nano- or micropatterned surfaces.
Rapid recycling of ClC‐2 chloride channels between plasma membrane and endosomes: Role of a tyrosine endocytosis motif in surface retrieval (2009)

ClC-2 chloride channel is present in the brain and some transporting epithelia where its function is poorly understood. We have now demonstrated that the surface channels are rapidly internalised and approximately the 70% of the surface membrane protein recycles after 4- to 8-min internalisation. Endocytosis of ClC-2 was dependent upon tyrosine 179 located within an endocytic motif. Rapid recycling accompanied by an even faster internalisation could account for the abundant presence of ClC-2 in intracellular membranous structures. At least a proportion of ClC-2 resides in lipid rafts. Use of beta-cyclodextrin led to an increase in cell surface channel, but, surprisingly, a decrease in functionally active channels. We suggest that ClC-2 requires residing in beta-cyclodextrin sensitive clusters with other molecules in order to remain active. Regulation of ClC-2 trafficking to and within the membrane could be a means of modulating its activity.