gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of mixed culture conditions on yeast‐wall hydrolytic activity of Bacillus circulans WL‐12 and on extractability of astaxanthin from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (1985)

O kagbue , R.N. &amp; L ewis , M.J. 1985. Influence of mixed culture conditions on yeast‐wall hydrolytic activity of Bacillus circulans WL‐12 and on extractability of astaxanthin from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 59 , 243–255. In mixed culture Bacillus circulans WL‐12 hydrolysed cell walls of Phaffia rhodozyma and rendered astaxanthin extractable from the yeast. pH control was critical to survival and lytic activity of the bacillus; the optimum range was 6.2–6.8. The optimum range of temperature was 20–24d̀C. Glucose (1–2%) was efficient in minimizing catabolite repression of the lytic enzyme complex of the bacillus. Slow‐feeding of glucose improved ultimate yields of lytic enzyme but did not acclerate yeast cell wall modification. A relatively high inoculum level of B. circulans accelerated modification of P. rhodozyma in the mixed culture: when the bacterial inoculum was four times that of the yeast, over 80% of total astaxanthin was extractable in 48 h. High bacterial inoculum size also stimulated yeast autolysis and necessitated early harvest of the mixed culture. Results obtained in shake flasks were duplicated in 5‐litre fermentors and suggest that the mixed culture has potential industrial value for producing a biomass containing biologically‐available astaxanthin. Extractability of astaxanthin was also achieved when mixed culture filtrate was incubated with pure cultured Phaffia cells. When suitably fortified with nutrients, the filtrate also supported simultaneous yeast growth and modification of the yeast cell walls. A scheme incorporating mixed culture with B. circulans WL‐12 and re‐use of culture filtrate has been proposed for enzymatic processing of Phaffia rhodozyma for inclusion in animal diets.
Determination of lipid content and fatty acid representation in barley caryopses and malt. (2009)

Ke stanovenĂ­ obsahu lipidĹŻ v obilce jeÄmene a ve sladu byla optimalizovĂĄna modernĂ­ metoda extrakce na fluidnĂ­m loĹži. Z vyextrahovanĂ˝ch lipidĹŻ bylo stanoveno zastoupenĂ­ mastnĂ˝ch kyselin v obilce jeÄmene a ve sladu. ZastoupenĂŠ mastnĂŠ kyseliny byly stanoveny jako methylestery pĹipravenĂŠ transesterifikaÄnĂ­ reakcĂ­. VzniklĂŠ estery byly separovĂĄny metodou plynovĂŠ chromatografie s plamenovÄ ionizaÄnĂ­ detekcĂ­ na kapilĂĄrnĂ­ kolonÄ SLB-IL 100.
The mouse is out of the bag: insights and perspectives on HIV-1-infected humanized mouse models (2011)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is a human-specific virus. Because HIV-1 cannot infect and cause disorders in other animals, it has been an arduous struggle to study the dynamics of HIV-1 infection in vivo. To understand and elucidate HIV-1 pathogenesis in vivo, several small animal models for HIV-1 infection have been established and improved over the last 20 years. Recently, a novel murine model, 'humanized mouse', has been generated. A humanized mouse has the potential to maintain human hematopoiesis including human CD4(+) leukocytes and, therefore, is able to support persistent HIV-1 infection in vivo. We herein describe the current state-of-the-art in HIV-1-infected humanized mice and introduce insights and perspectives of their use for HIV-1 studies in vivo.
A model of neointima formation in the atherosclerotic carotid artery of mice (2003)

To establish a simple, reproducible model of neointima formation in mice with atherosclerotic vessels. Apolipoprotein E/low density lipoprotein receptor double knockout mice were fed an atherogenic diet. Carotid artery injury was induced by separate ligation of the external and internal carotid artery immediately distal to the bifurcation. Mice with normal vessels were used for comparison. Monocytes and macrophages were detected with immunohistochemistry using CD68 antibodies. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B was also detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction. Neointima and media areas were digitally measured and analyzed. Four weeks later carotid artery ligation had induced neointima formation proximal to the ligation site, apparent as a smooth muscle cell alpha-actin positive layer intimal to the lamina elastica interna. The shape and size of the lesions were reproducible. Nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B was found, and the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta increased after injury. CD68 positive cells were detected in the lumen, in the media and in the neointima. We have established in atherosclerotic mice a reproducible model of arterial injury with inflammation and neointima formation.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Induction of Extracellular-Signal Regulated Kinase Is Blocked by Inhibition of Calmodulin (2005)

Our previous studies demonstrate that GnRH-induced ERK activation required influx of extracellular Ca2+ in alphaT3-1 and rat pituitary cells. In the present studies, we examined the hypothesis that calmodulin (Cam) plays a fundamental role in mediating the effects of Ca2+ on ERK activation. Cam inhibition using W7 was sufficient to block GnRH-induced reporter gene activity for the c-Fos, murine glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit, and MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-2 promoters, all shown to require ERK activation. Inhibition of Cam (using a dominant negative) was sufficient to block GnRH-induced ERK but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity activation. The Cam-dependent protein kinase (CamK) II inhibitor KN62 did not recapitulate these findings. GnRH-induced phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK kinase 1 and c-Raf kinase was blocked by Cam inhibition, whereas activity of phospholipase C was unaffected, suggesting that Ca2+/Cam modulation of the ERK cascade potentially at the level of c-Raf kinase. Enrichment of Cam-interacting proteins using a Cam agarose column revealed that c-Raf kinase forms a complex with Cam. Reconstitution studies reveal that recombinant c-Raf kinase can associate directly with Cam in a Ca2+-dependent manner and this interaction is reduced in vitro by addition of W7. Cam was localized in lipid rafts consistent with the formation of a Ca2+-sensitive signaling platform including the GnRH receptor and c-Raf kinase. These data support the conclusion that Cam may have a critical role as a Ca2+ sensor in specifically linking Ca2+ flux with ERK activation within the GnRH signaling pathway.
High efficiency flexible silicon photodetectors and photovoltaics (Conference Presentation) (2018)

The implementation of ultra-thin and highly efficient photodetectors and photovoltaic devices is crucial to realize flexible and wearable products in the era of Internet of Things (IoT). CMOS-compatible processing and well-established manufacturing makes Silicon (Si) a great material of choice in many applications but thin crystalline-Si is not as efficient as bulk Si in absorbing light. Light bending phenomenon enabled by micro-/nanoscale holes have been recently demonstrated to achieve high speed Si photodiodes and high efficiency thin crystalline-Si solar cells. Such small-scale devices can be released and transferred from mother substrate to various platforms such as the tips of fiber optic cables for realizing fiber receivers and probing applications in vivo studies. In this study, preliminary results of morphological and electrical characterization of transferred devices are demonstrated and details of the transfer techniques are presented. The quantum efficiency of devices transferred to aluminum coated glass were observed to get enhanced compared to the ones on Si substrate.
The Metabolism of Protein Constituents in the Mammalian Body. (1953)

This monograph fulfills a definite need, for the last comparable work on the biochemistry of amino acids was published in 1929. Although the scope of the book is limited to 10 constituents of proteins, to metabolism proper, and to mammals, almost 1,200 references are cited, most of them not more than 15 years old and many published in 1951 and 1952. In addition, Dr. Bach is thoroughly familiar with the field and has the gift of being able to make it interesting to others. The author and subject indexes are comprehensive, and the printing and binding are excellent. This monograph is recommended for graduate students, research workers, and teachers of biochemistry and physiology.
Coiled Tubing Drilling Technology (2000)

Coild Turbing Drilling (CTD) has been known as a new method of directional drilling in recent years.It has been used and developed since 1990's.CTD can drill horizontal well more efficiently than normal drillrigs.It also can drill hole with underbalance drlling technology saftly and with less drilling fluids than rotate drilling operation at same depth.At present,It hasn't been applied widely in our oilfields.In this paper,the equipment, and the function of all units are introduced and the applications of CTD in the future is elaborated.
Theoretical and experimental comparison of the Lorenz information measure, entropy, and the mean absolute error (2002)

The Lorenz (1905) information measure (LIM) is a function of the observed probability sequence of digital signals, similar to the signal entropy, and is approximately linearly related to the mean absolute error (MAE) in simulations employing uncorrupted and corrupted 2-dimensional Gaussian and magnetic resonance (MR) images. Unlike the MAE, the LIM does not require an uncorrupted reference signal for a distance computation. However, for the particular difference signal case imposed by the definition of the MAE, the LIM is asymptotically bounded by the MAE/signal quantization number ratio. Therefore, in applications where an uncorrupted signal does not exist, and thus, the MAE is undefined, the LIM provides a comparable signal processing performance measure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Designing with Plastics: Considering Part Recyclability and the Use of Recycled Materials (1995)

It is a widely shared view that economic development will not be sustainable unless industry embarks on more innovative and proactive approaches to corporate environmental stewardship. “Green” product realization strategies — such as design for recycling (DFR) — and the increased use of recycled materials in the manufacture of new products are viewed as crucial components of such an approach. AT&T's design and engineering community is active in both fields. DFR is introduced as part of a broader design for environment (DFE) program. In addition, there are ambitious initiatives to find suitable internal uses for plastics recyclate, which AT&T's material reclamation organizations have produced from scrapped telephone housings for many years. These two programs are symbiotic: The greater the number of products designed for recycling, the greater the amount of high-value materials that can be readily recovered from them at the end of their useful lives. In turn, the higher the quality of the recycled materials, the easier to recycle those materials into new products. This paper describes strategies for DFR applicable to plastic parts and discusses two initial applications of post-consumer recycled plastics in new AT&T products.
Mineralocorticoid hormone receptor and the epithelial sodium channel in a human leukemic cell line (1998)

A Cell extract from the HEL (human erythroblastic leukemia) cell line was positive for both the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) as glycosylated 82-84 kDa bands, and a single 102 kDa band, respectively, in Western blots using polyclonal antibodies raised against these proteins. The immunofluorescent labeling of the MCR in all cell lines showed a nucleocytoplasmic localization of the receptor whereas the ENaC was exclusively membrane-bound. These results were confirmed by confocal microscopy. The expression of the MCR in HEL cells was evident as a predicted band of 843 bp (234 amino acids) after total RNA from HEL cells had been reverse transcribed and then amplified by PCR; the ENaC was similarly evident as a predicted band of 520 bp. In both cases, near 100% identity was observed between the deduced amino acid sequences of the PCR products and those from known human sources. The multiplication of HEL cells was influenced by antagonists (RU 26752, ZK 91587) targeted for specificity to the MCR and this was reversed by the natural hormone aldosterone. These steroids also provoked chromatin condensation in the HEL population.
Macroblock feature and motion involved multi-stage fast inter mode decision algorithm in H.264/AVC video coding (2009)

One fast inter mode decision algorithm is proposed in this paper. The whole algorithm is convoluted with block matching process. Firstly, before ME process, by exploiting spatial and temporal information, a skip mode early detection algorithm is proposed. Also, in this stage, edge gradient is used to filter out unpromising modes. Secondly, during the ME stage, the original search window is separated into several layers and our fast decision scheme works with motion information of each layer. Moreover, before stepping into small modes, the distribution of SAD (sum-of-absolute-difference) and RD (rate distortion) costs of big modes are analyzed in an early stage to accelerate the inter mode decision process. Experiments show that our algorithm can achieve a speed-up factor of up to 66.0% with trivial bit increment and quality degradation.
Anti‐inflammatory Effects of the Zingiber officinale roscoe Constituent 12‐Dehydrogingerdione in Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells (2012)

Ginger has long been used worldwide as a spice, seasoning, and wine and is also used as a traditional medicine. There have been no previous studies of the potential beneficial effects of the ginger constituent 12-dehydrogingerdione (12-DHGD). We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of 12-DHGD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of 12-DHGD was measured using the MTT assay, and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was measured by ELISA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured using Griess reagent and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO (iNOS) enzymes was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Treatment of Raw 264.7 cells with 12-DHGD significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated production of NO (at 12-DHGD concentrations of 150 and 200 ng/ml), IL-6 (at 50, 100, 150, and 200 ng/ml), and PGE2 (at 200 ng/ml). Consistent with the effects on NO and PGE2 production, 12-DHGD treatment also inhibited the LPS-stimulated increase in iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels. However, 12-DHGD did not affect production of IL-1β or TNF-α in response to LPS. 12-DHGD, a constituent of ginger, is a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory mediator production in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells.
Distributed actuation concepts for a morphing aileron device (2016)

ABSTRACT The actuation mechanism is a crucial aspect in the design of morphing structures due to the very stringent requirements involving actuation torque, consumed power, and allowable size and weight. In the framework of the CRIAQ MD0-505 project, novel design strategies are investigated to enable morphing of aeronautical structures. This paper deals with the design of a morphing aileron with the main focus on the actuation technology. The morphing aileron consists of segmented 'finger-like' ribs capable of changing the aerofoil camber in order to match target aerodynamic shapes. In this work, lightweight and compact actuation kinematics driven by electromechanical actuators are investigated to actuate the morphing device. An unshafted distributed servo-electromechanical actuation arrangement is employed to realise the transition from the baseline configuration to a set of target aerodynamic shapes by also withstanding the aerodynamics loads. Numerical investigations are detailed to identify the optimal actuation architecture matching as well as the system integratability and structural compactness.
Mast cells, disease and gastrointestinal cancer: A comprehensive review of recent findings. (2012)

Paul Ehrlich, a German scientist, discovered what is known as the mast cell in the late 1800's, which has proven to be an important player in the immune system of vertebrates. Mast cells are ubiquitous throughout the tissues of the human body and play numerous roles, both beneficial and destructive. We know they are important in our army of immunity warrior cells, which defend us against viruses, bacteria and parasitic invaders. They are also very well known for the havoc they wreak, causing uncomfortable symptoms due to their release of histamine and other mediators which cause the all too familiar itching, sneezing, urticaria and rhinorrhea of allergic responses. Mast cell activities are diverse and include painful inflammatory reactions in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. In the gastrointestinal system, mast cells are implicated in diverse actions such as increased gastric acid secretion, polyp formation and uncomfortable conditions such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The role of immunology and mast cells in these areas is intriguing but less well understood than their role in allergic responses. Because mast cells have been implicated in both physiologic as well as pathogenic processes, they have been the subjects of avid study. Review of the current literature on mast cell biology reveals that there are many studies of their presence within the tumor microenvironment and evidence, which supports mast cell influence on tumor angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and immune suppression. The studies reviewed in this article concentrate largely on mast cells in human GI malignancies. This review also provides background information regarding mast cells, such as their origination, their location within the body, how they are activated and how they function as mediators.
Vibro-acoustic fault detection and diagnosis in hybrid electric vehicle (2013)

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of faults on vibration and noise spectrum of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) of a hybrid vehicle. In this work, a new approach is used by adding the acoustic noise. This vibro-acoustic modeling allows discovering the influence of faults on spectrum features. Then, a feed forward neural network based on Levenberg-Marquardt training is used for classification. Finally, all the technique is implemented on the PMSM of a hybrid vehicle.
Bronchiectasis-Associated Hospitalizations in Germany, 2005–2011: A Population-Based Study of Disease Burden and Trends (2013)

The present study provides evidence of a changing epidemiology and a steadily increasing prevalence of bronchiectasis-associated hospitalizations. Moreover, it confirms the diversity of bronchiectasis-associated conditions and the possible association between bronchiectasis and COPD. As the major burden of disease may be managed out-of-hospital, prospective patient registries are needed to establish the exact prevalence of bronchiectasis according to the specific underlying condition.
Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured bismuth selenide thin films (2010)

Nanostructured bismuth selenide thin films have been successfully fabricated on a silicon substrate at low temperature by rational design of the precursor solution. Bi(2)Se(3) thin films were constructed of coalesced lamella in the thickness of 50-80 nm. The nucleation and growth process of Bi(2)Se(3) thin films, as well as the influence of solution chemistry on the film structure were investigated in detail. As one of the most promising thermoelectric materials, the thermoelectric properties of the prepared Bi(2)Se(3) thin films were also investigated. The power factor increased with increasing carrier mobility, coming from the enlarged crystallites and enhanced coalesced structure, and reached 1 μW cm(-1) K(-1).
Maximum Likelihood Time-of-Arrival Estimation of Optical Pulses via Photon-Counting Photodetectors (2010)

Many optical imaging, ranging, and communications systems rely on the estimation of the arrival time of an optical pulse. Recently, such systems have been increasingly employing photon-counting photodetector technology, which changes the statistics of the observed photocurrent. This requires time-of-arrival estimators to be developed and their performances characterized. The statistics of the output of an ideal photodetector, which are well modeled as a Poisson point process, were considered. An analytical model was developed for the mean-square error of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, demonstrating two phenomena that cause deviations from the minimum achievable error at low signal power. An approximation was derived to the threshold at which the ML estimator essentially fails to provide better than a random guess of the pulse arrival time. Comparing the analytic model performance predictions to those obtained via simulations, it was verified that the model accurately predicts the ML performance over all regimes considered. There is little prior art that attempts to understand the fundamental limitations to time-of-arrival estimation from Poisson statistics. This work establishes both a simple mathematical description of the error behavior, and the associated physical processes that yield this behavior. Previous work on mean-square error characterization for ML estimators has predominantly focused on additive Gaussian noise. This work demonstrates that the discrete nature of the Poisson noise process leads to a distinctly different error behavior.
Injectable gellan-gum/hydroxyapatite-based bilayered hydrogel composites for osteochondral tissue regeneration (2018)

Multilayer systems capable of simultaneous dual tissue formation are crucial for regeneration of the osteochondral (OC) unit. Despite the tremendous effort in the field there is still no widely accepted system that stands out in terms of superior OC regeneration. Herein, we developed bilayered hydrogel composites (BHC) combining two structurally stratified layers fabricated from naturally derived and synthetic polymers, gellan-gum (GG) and hydroxyapatite (HAp), respectively. Two formulations were made from either low acyl GG (LAGG) alone or in combination with high acyl GG (HAGG) for the cartilage-like layer. Four bone-like layers were made of LAGG incorporating different ratios of hydroxyapatite (HAp). BHC were assembled in one single construct resulting in eight distinct bilayered constructs. Architectural observations by stereomicroscope and micro-CT (μ-CT) demonstrated a connected stratified structure with good ceramic dispersion within the bone-like layer. Swelling and degradation tests as well mechanical analyse showed a stable viscoelastic construct under dynamic forces. In-vitro studies by encapsulating rabbit's chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the respective layers showed the cytocompatibility of the BHC. Further studies comprising subcutaneous implantation in mice displayed a weak immune response after four weeks. OC orthotopic defects in the rabbit's knee were created and injected with the acellular BHC. OC tissue was regenerated four weeks after implantation as confirmed by cartilaginous and bony tissue formation assessed by histologic staining and μ-CT analysis. The successful fabrication of injectable BHC and their in-vitro and in-vivo performance may be seen as advanced engineered platforms to treat the challenging OC defects.