gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Análisis del polimorfismo Taql A1 del gen al receptor D2 a dopamina en los alcohólicos y en los no alcohólicos con y sin daño hepático severo (1997)

Los estudios en familias, en gemelos y en sujetos adoptados han demostrado la existencia de factores geneticos que influyen en el grado de vulnerabilidad o riesgo de alcoholismo. Muchas sustancias adictivas, incluido el alcohol, activan circuitos dopaminergicos en el sistema nervioso central. Estos circuitos intervienen en los mecanismos de recompensa y reforzamiento asociados con el consumo de etanol, por lo que se sugiere que modificaciones estructurales de los genes dopaminergicos podrian relacionarse con los cambios en los patrones de conducta que conducen al alcoholismo. A nivel molecular se ha reportado que hay una asociacion entre el alelo denominado Taql A1 del gen que codifica para el receptor D2 a dopamina (DRD2) con el diagnostico de alcoholismo, la asociacion es particularmente evidente cuando se le relaciona con el grado de severidad del trastorno. Como existe una estrecha relacion entre la cantidad de alcohol consumida, el consumo cronico y el dano al higado, en este trabajo exploramos la posible asociacion entre este polimorfismo y el diagnostico de hepatitis o cirrosis hepatica alcoholica. Por medio de la reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) se analizo una region de 310 pares de bases que contiene el sistema polimorfico Taql A del DRD2 en muestras de ADN genomico de 38 alcoholicos y 48 pacientes con una historia de abuso de bebidas alcoholicas (ingestion promedio de 80 g/dia, durante un periodo de por lo menos 10 anos). El grupo de bebedores cronicos se analizo clinicamente para confirmar, o en su caso descartar, el diagnostico de cirrosis hepatica. Asimismo, se incluyeron 30 pacientes con cirrosis no alcoholica y 71 sujetos sanos con un valor de AUDIT < 8, al 76 % de los cuales se les descarto cualquier trastorno psiquiatrico. El analisis por X2 de las tablas de 2 x 2 o 3 x 2 correspondientes, no mostro diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias del alelo A1, ni en la prevalencia de los genotipos entre los grupos de alcoholicos. No obstante, se observo una diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de A1 al comparar al grupo de individuos con bajo consumo y sin problemas asociados, con los alcoholicos (X2 = 7.7, P = 0.006). Esto sugiere la posible asociacion de este alelo con el trastorno. Sin embargo, el analisis de los datos mostro, en conjunto, que en particular, el grupo de individuos con cirrosis no alcoholica presentaba una desviacion de la tendencia general, la cual produjo los resultados antes descritos. La exclusion de este grupo redujo considerablemente la significancia del hallazgo (X2 = 3.04, P = 0.08), lo cual pone de manifiesto la importancia de la composicion de los grupos de comparacion en los estudios de asociacion alelica. Asimismo, nuestros resultados no muestran que exista asociacion entre una variante particular del gen al receptor D2 y el riesgo o susceptibilidad de dano hepatico producido por el consumo excesivo de alcohol.
Overview of Fiber Optic Sensors (2017)

Over the past 20 years two major product revolutions have taken place due to the growth of the optoelectronics and fiber optic communications industries. The optoelectronics industry has brought about such products as compact disc players, laser printers, bar code scanners, and laser pointers. The fiber optic communications industry has revolutionized the telecommunications industry by providing higher performance, more reliable telecommunication links with ever decreasing bandwidth cost. This revolution is bringing about the benefits of high-volume production to component users and a true information superhighway built of glass.
Surface Acoustic Wave Flow Sensor (1985)

A SAW gas flow rate sensor is realized using the principle of heat transfer with the mass flow. The substrate for the SAY delay line is 128O LiNb03. In addition, a thin film heater is fabricated adjacent to the SAW delay line. The substrate of the SAW delay line is heated at a constant power with the heater. The flow of gas will carry heat with it, thus, lowering the temperature of the substrate resulting in a change in the frequency of the SAW delay line oscillator. The sensitivity of the SAW oscillator frequency to flow rate at various pressures and temperatures of the substrate is presented.
Doubly twisted torus networks for VLSI processor arrays (1981)

The twisted torus processing surface, introduced and analyzed by Martin,1,2 is extended to contain a double twist and then mapped into a two-dimensional network suitable for implementation on a VLSI wafer. The result is a homogeneous, isotropic multiprocessor configuration without boundaries. Every processor has four nearest neighbors, and the interconnections between all pairs of processors are of approximately equal length. Special attention is given to mapping binary trees onto the processor array. Most divide-and-conquer-type problems will distribute themselves relatively uniformly over all available processors. Nine building blocks are introduced that will permit making doubly twisted torus arrays of arbitrary sizes.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT HEALTHY CURB FOR REDUCING WEIGHT, GIRTH, BODY MASS, APPETITE AND FATIGUE WHILE IMPROVING BLOOD LIPID VALUES WITH NTFactor LIPID REPLACEMENT THERAPY (2009)

Often Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) patients have weight issues, and weight reduction regimens can increase fatigue. Therefore, we initiated a weight loss clinical trial using an all natural oral supplement mixture containing an FDA-approved amaylase inhibitor plus NTFactor TM , which is known to safely reduce fatigue in aged subjects, 1 chronic fatigue 2 and ME/CFS. 3 The objective was to see if subjects could safely lose weight without increasing appetite and fatigue and without changing eating or exercise patterns or using drugs, herbs or caffeine. A 2-month open label clinical trial was initiated with 30 patients who used an oral mixture (Healthy Curb TM ) of amaylase inhibitor (500 mg white kidney bean extract) plus 500 mg of NTFactor TM 30 min before each meal. Weight and measurements were taken weekly, appetite was assessed 4 and fatigue was determined using the Piper Fatigue Scale. 5 Sixty-three percent of the participants lost an average of 6 pounds along with 2.5 and 1.5 inch reductions in waist and hip circumference, respectively, and the entire group of participants lost an average of 3 pounds with average reductions of 1.5 and 1 inch waist and hip circumference, respectively. Participants experienced gradual and consistent weight loss along with waist and hip, body mass index (BMI) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) reductions during the entire trial. There was a 44% reduction in overall hunger with reduced cravings for sweets; therefore, notable appetite suppression occurred. Using the Piper Fatigue Scale the entire test group showed an average of 23% decrease in overall fatigue. Blood lipid profiles generally improved, suggesting improved cardiovascular health, and no adverse effects were noted clinically or found in blood chemistries. Conclusions: The vast majority of the subjects in this trial lost weight, showed decreased waist and hip measurements and overall body mass. Their overall fatigue was reduced, and they experienced marked appetite suppression. The product was completely safe and void of any side effects and was extremely well tolerated. HealthyCurb appears to be a safe and
Characterization of the Bis-Silylated Endofullerene Sc3N@C80 (2006)

The photochemical reaction of Sc(3)N@C(80) with 1,1,2,2-tetramesityl-1,2-disilirane affords the adduct as a bis-silylated product. The adduct was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The dynamic behavior of the disilirane moiety and the encapsulated Sc(3)N cluster were also investigated. The unique redox property of the adduct is reported by means of CV and DPV. Experimental results were confirmed by density functional calculations.
Bioreactors and Perfusion (1996)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Support System Design 3 Bioreactor Design Criteria 4 Is There an Optimal Design? 5 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Dual Mode Canonical Waveguide Filters (2005)

This paper presents a new dual mode circular waveguide cavity structure which realizes the general class of coupled cavity transfer functions. Included are the exact elliptic function response and the linear phase and arbitrary phase responses. Experimental data taken on 4- and 8-pole narrowband elliptic function filters centered at approximately 4 GHz are described and shown to correlate well with theory.
Pitch Discrimination (2015)

Many cochlear implant users struggle to discriminate pitch effectively. Accurate pitch ranking appears to be an independent predictor of overall outcome. Future work will concentrate on manipulating maps based upon pitch discrimination findings in an attempt to improve speech understanding.
Effect of surface polymerization on plasma and process stability in polycrystalline-silicon etching (2002)

Properties of the plasma containing Cl2, HBr, and O2 species used for polysilicon etching change when the chamber wall is coated with organic polymer, causing the etch performance to drift. In this work, the plasma instability due to surface polymerization has been characterized through the comparison of free radical densities in an etch chamber coated with fluorocarbon polymer and other materials such as silicon oxide and anodized aluminum. The results of plasma diagnostics show that chlorine, bromine, and oxygen densities decrease after a polymer film is deposited onto the chamber wall. The root cause for the decrease in halogen radical densities has been attributed to the higher surface recombination rate of these free radicals on polymer surface, while the decrease in oxygen radical density is mainly caused by the consumption of oxygen in the cleaning of the polymer deposition. The impact of the plasma property change on etch performance has also been analyzed through etch rate and critical dimension (CD) evaluation. The lower free radical density in polymer-coated chamber generally lowers the etch rate and generates CD gain but the sensitivity of the process drift to the plasma property variation depends on process conditions. Approaches to reduce the effect of surface polymerization have been discussed.
Multiparameter cell characterization using nanofluidic technology facilitates real-time phenotypic and genotypic elucidation of intratumor heterogeneity (2018)

ABSTRACT Genetic and functional complexity of bulk tumor has become evident through rapid advances in sequencing technologies. As a unique integrated approach to characterizing tumor heterogeneity, we demonstrate the multifaceted capabilities of a novel nanofluidic platform to enable single-cell phenotypic and genetic profiling of ovarian cancer patient-derived tumor cells. This approach has enabled increased resolution of tumor cell phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, providing a better understanding of underlying biological drivers of the disease. A range of CA-125 expression levels is observed within cells from individuals, demonstrating clonal diversity consistent with other phenotypic data. Further, TP53 mutation analysis demonstrates a sub-population of cells exhibiting high mutation frequency that likely drives downstream growth kinetics and protein expression. Finally, genomic data is orthogonally used to address clonal heterogeneity across ovarian tumors when compared to bulk sequencing, illustrating the potential for single-cell sequencing data integrated with cellular functional and growth data toward future therapeutic intervention.
Cytokine production by spleen cells from mice with ovalbumin-specific, IgE-selective unresponsiveness induced by ovalbumin-liposome conjugate (1997)

Ovalbumin coupled with liposomes (OVA–liposome) induced selective unresponsiveness of anti-OVA IgE antibody production in BALB/c mice, whereas OVA adsorbed with aluminum hydroxide (OVA–alum) induced a substantial amount of anti-OVA IgE antibody production. Ovalbumin–liposome and OVA–alum predominantly induced IgG2a and IgG1 anti-OVA production, respectively. These results suggest that OVA–liposome and OVA–alum induce type 1 and type 2 T helper (Th) immune responses, respectively. To further investigate this issue, we examined the cytokine production induced by these two distinct adjuvants. Spleen cells taken from mice immunized with either OVA–liposome or OVA–alum were cultured in vitro with OVA and the cytokine production from each culture was analyzed. It was demonstrated that spleen cells from mice immunized with OVA–liposome produced more interferon (IFN)-γ than those immunized with OVA–alum and, furthermore, interleukin (IL)-4 was produced only by spleen cells from mice immunized with OVA–alum. These results favor the notion that OVA–liposome and OVA–alum induce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, respectively. Interestingly, the production of IL-2, a Th1 cytokine, was higher in the OVA–alum-immunized group and the production of IL-10, a Th2 cytokine, remained at low levels in both groups after primary immunization; levels of IL-10 increased in the OVA–liposome-immunized group after secondary immunization. These results do not agree with the above notion and, thus, suggest that it may be important to consider the balance between IFN-γ-producing cells and IL-4-producing cells rather than that between Th1 and Th2 cells for the regulation of IgE antibody production.
Magnetization and susceptibility of ultrathin Fe films on Cu(100) (2001)

Face-centered Fe on Cu(100) remains a challenging and rich magnetic film system due to its structural and magnetic instabilities. One magnetic phase has a spin structure where the first two layers are coupled ferromagnetically and the remaining layers are all antiferromagnetically coupled. We use a self-consistent local mean-field method, to calculate the magnetic structure of this phase for any temperature and applied field. We obtain theoretical results for both parallel and transverse susceptibility measurements and indicate how such measurements may be used to determine the anisotropy in the ferromagnet and antiferromagnet portions of the Fe film.
Heterogeneous multi-agent framework for environment monitoring applications (2006)

This paper discusses a multiagent formalism intended for the minimization of entropy and maximization of efficiency within an environment monitoring application.
Phototriggerable Transient Electronics via Fullerene-Mediated Degradation of Polymer:Fullerene Encapsulation Layer (2020)

Transient electronics is an emerging class of electronics that has attracted a lot of attention because of its potential as an environmental-friendly alternative to the existing end-of-life product disposal or treatments. However, the controlled degradation of transient electronics under environmentally benign conditions remains a challenge. In this work, the tunable degradation of transient electronics including passive resistor devices and active memory devices was realized by photodegradable thin polymer films comprising fullerene derivatives, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl esters (PCBM). The photodegradation of polymer:PCBM under an aqueous environment is triggered by ultraviolet (UV) light. Experimental results demonstrate that the addition of PCBM in commodity polymers, including but not limited to polystyrene, results in a catalytic effect on polymer photodegradation when triggered by UV light. The degradation mechanism of transient electronics is ascribed to the photodegradation of polymer:PCBM encapsulation layers caused by the synergistic effect between UV and water exposure. The polymer:PCBM encapsulation system presented herein offers a simple way to achieve the realization of light-triggered device degradation for bioapplication and expands the material options for tailorable degradation of transient electronics.
Denoising through wavelet shrinkage: an empirical study (2003)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
High-energy dissipative soliton resonance and rectangular noise-like pulse in a figure-9 Tm fiber laser (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a direct generation of high-energy dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) and rectangular noise-like pulse (NLP) in a figure-9 thulium-holmium-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The pulse duration and average output power of the DSR can be tuned from 33.5 ns to 144.6 ns, and from 100.25 mW to 677.5 mW, respectively. The maximum of pulse energy is 713.2 nJ without wave breaking at pump power of 6.7 W, which is the highest energy of DSR in the region of 2 μm, to the best of our knowledge. In addition, the rectangular NLP with 452 nJ pulse bunch energy is also obtained.
Brain rhythms and neural syntax: implications for efficient coding of cognitive content and neuropsychiatric disease. (2012)

The perpetual activity of the cerebral cortex is largely supported by the variety of oscillations the brain generates, spanning a number of frequencies and anatomical locations, as well as behavioral correlates. First, we review findings from animal studies showing that most forms of brain rhythms are inhibition-based, producing rhythmic volleys of inhibitory inputs to principal cell populations, thereby providing alternating temporal windows of relatively reduced and enhanced excitability in neuronal networks. These inhibition-based mechanisms offer natural temporal frames to group or "chunk" neuronal activity into cell assemblies and sequences of assemblies, with more complex multi-oscillation interactions creating syntactical rules for the effective exchange of information among cortical networks. We then review recent studies in human psychiatric patients demonstrating a variety alterations in neural oscillations across all major psychiatric diseases, and suggest possible future research directions and treatment approaches based on the fundamental properties of brain rhythms.
Comparative analysis of urinary biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury following cardiopulmonary bypass (2009)

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of six candidate urinary biomarkers, kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin (IL)-18, cystatin C and alpha-1 microglobulin, measured 2 h following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a prospective cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 103 subjects were enrolled; AKI developed in 13%. Urinary KIM-1 achieved the highest area under-the-receiver-operator-characteristic curve (AUC 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.91), followed by IL-18 and NAG. Only urinary KIM-1 remained independently associated with AKI after adjustment for a preoperative AKI prediction score (Cleveland Clinic Foundation score; p = 0.02), or CPB perfusion time (p = 0.006). In this small pilot cohort, KIM-1 performed best as an early biomarker for AKI. Larger studies are needed to explore further the role of biomarkers for early detection of AKI following cardiac surgery.
Seasonal Changes in Chironomid Fauna and Rainfall Reducing Chironomids in Urban Flood Control Channels1 (1977)

Seasonal population changes in chironomid fauna of an urban concrete-lined flood control channel system were studied from Aug., 1974–Sept., 1976. Benthic samples from 9 stations along a 20-km stretch of the channel system were collected biweekly and air and water temperatures and rainfall were also recorded. Midge larvae of 7 genera were taken. Cricotopus spp., Dicrotendipes sp., and Chironomus spp., in that order, were of quantitative importance; the other 4 genera collectively formed 0–7% of the total monthly-collected larvae. Cricotopus spp. were present year-round, forming >86% of the total midges collected and 65–99% of the monthly totals. Dicrotendipes sp. (densest May–Nov.) were also present throughout the year, but their monthly populations ranged from <1–34% of the total. Chironomus spp. occurred from July–Nov., their density reaching up to 28% of the total midges taken then. The numerical increase in midges during the spring and summer coincided with warmer air and water during these periods. Two to 3 cm or more of rainfall in the area in a 24-h period drastically reduced larval populations, but within 2–4 wk, after a period of rainfall, they greatly increased.
Japanese nationwide multi-institutional cohort study of prostate cancer brachytherapy with permanent seed implantation. (2013)

e16090 Background: Brachytherapy with permanent iodine-125 seed implantation (PI) has been approved in 2003 in Japan. Multi-institutional cohort study (Japanese Prostate Cancer Outcome Study of Permanent Seed Implantation; J-POPS, NCT00534196) assessing the treatment feature, efficacy, safety and health-related quality of life (QOL) has started in July 2005. Six thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven cases were enrolled to this study until December 2010 from 68 institutes around the country, which is approximately 40% of all the cases treated in Japan at that time. Methods: Patient’s background, cancer character, treatment feature such as combined therapy of external beam or hormone, post PI dosimetric information, treatment efficacy with PSA level, voiding symptoms with IPSS and treatment related adverse events according to NCI-CTCAE are investigated. PSA was measured every 3 months and symptoms accompanied to the treatment were assessed 3 to 6 months after the treatment. Backgrounds and treatment assessments of 2,341 patients enrolled in J-POPS during the initial 2 years are evaluated. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 45 to 89 (median 69) year-old and 99.0% of the cases were performance status 0 (ECOG criteria). Family history of prostate cancer was seen in 6.2%. PSA levels on cancer diagnosis were 1.60 to 42.0 (mean 6.80) ng/ml, clinical stage T2a or less was 89.9%, T2b was 5.2%, T2c was 2.9% and T3a-T3b was 0.8%. Gleason score (GS) less than 7 was 56.6%, GS 7 was 39.7%, and GS above 7 was 3.6%. According to NCCN risk classification, 44.2% was classified as low risk, 48.3% as intermediate risk and 5.7% as high risk. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was performed in 48.5% of the patients and 23.4% was combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). CT scan based first post therapeutic month dosimetry revealed that prostatic mean V100 and D90 for the cases treated with seed alone were 94.8% and 160.7 Gy, respectively. As for adequate control of radiation dose at rectum (mean R100 = 0.3 cc) and urethra (mean D5 = 223.4 Gy), high grade toxicities appeared very seldom. Conclusions: Outcomes of J-POPS will produce clinical evidence of PI that can be internationally accepted.