gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Direct C–H Functionalization of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via Radical Addition Processes (2019)

This review article covers the recent developments in direct C–H functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives via radical additions at the C3 position. Reaction types have been categorized depending on the kind of radical used, with representative examples and insightful mechanistic details provided. 1 Introduction 2 Reactions with Alkyl Radicals 3 Reactions with Acyl Radicals 4 Reactions with Aryl Radicals 5 Reactions with Perfluoroalkyl Radicals 6 Reactions with Alkoxycarbonyl Radicals 7 Reactions with Nitrogen Radicals 8 Reactions with Oxygen Radicals 9 Reactions with Phosphorus Radicals 10 Conclusion
Privacy-Preserving Subgraph Checking (2018)

A subgraph check is a variant of the common subgraph matching-operating on a reference and a test graph- determining whether a test graph is a subgraph of the reference graph. In this paper, we present two novel privacy-preserving subgraph checking protocols. In our first protocol, all subgraph checks are carried out independently of each other. The second protocol allows for a substantial performance improvement over the straight-forward approach of the first protocol by exploiting structural similarities among the test graphs to be checked against the reference graph.
Unconjugated secondary bile acids activate the unfolded protein response and induce golgi fragmentation via a src-kinase-dependant mechanism (2016)

Bile acids are components of gastro-duodenal refluxate and regarded as causative agents in oesophageal disease but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here we demonstrate that a specific subset of physiological bile acids affect the protein secretory pathway by inducing ER stress, activating the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and causing disassembly of the Golgi apparatus in oesophageal cells. Deoxycholic acid (DCA), Chemodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and Lithocholic acid (LCA) activated the PERK arm of the UPR, via phosphorylation of eIF2α and up-regulation of ATF3, CHOP and BiP/GRP78. UPR activation by these bile acids is mechanistically linked with Golgi fragmentation, as modulating the UPR using a PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414) or salubrinal attenuated bile acid-induced effects on Golgi structure. Furthermore we demonstrate that DCA, CDCA and LA activate Src kinase and that inhibition of this kinase attenuated both bile acid-induced BiP/GRP78 expression and Golgi fragmentation. This study highlights a novel mechanism whereby environmental factors (bile acids) impact important cellular processes regulating cell homeostasis, including the UPR and Golgi structure, which may contribute to cancer progression in the oesophagus.
In vitro cardiomyogenic potential of human amniotic fluid stem cells (2010)

Stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is currently limited by a number of factors, including inability to obtain sufficient cell numbers, the potential tumorigenicity of certain types of stem cells and the possible link between stem cell therapy and the development of malignant arrhythmias. In this study, we investigated whether human amniotic fluid-derived stem (hAFS) cells could be a potential source of cells for cardiac cell therapy, by testing the in vitro differentiation capabilities. Undifferentiated hAFS cells express several cardiac genes, including the transcription factor mef2, the gap junction connexin43, and H- and N-cadherin. A 24 h incubation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC) induced hAFS cell differentiation along the cardiac lineage. Evidence for this differentiation included morphological changes, upregulation of cardiac-specific genes (cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T) and redistribution of connexin43, as well as downregulation of the stem cell marker SRY-box 2 (sox2). When co-cultured with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs), hAFS cells formed both mechanical and electrical connections with the NRCs. Dye transfer experiments showed that calcein dye could be transferred from NRCs to hAFS cells through cellular connections. The gap junction connexin43 likely involved in the communication between the two cell types, because 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) could partially block cellular crosstalk. We conclude that hAFS cells can be differentiated into a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype and can establish functional communication with NRCs. Thus, hAFS cells may potentially be used for cardiac cell therapy.
The Relationship between Blood Pressure and Aortic Collagen Metabolism in Renal Hypertensive Rats (1978)

1. Biosynthesis and deposition of collagen, as well as DNA and total proteins, are increased in aortae of rats after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of hypertension. 2. The maximal increase in the rate of synthesis of collagen is observed within one week of hypertension when the stress to the arterial wall is maximal. 3. Reserpine administration prevents hypertension and inhibits the increase of collagen metabolism. 4. At any time of evolution of the hypertension, a linear positive correlation is found between the collagen content in the aorta and the level of blood pressure. 5. These data suggest that synthesis of matrix components by the arterial smooth-muscle cells is controlled by variation in the blood pressure level and is not a direct consequence of circulating humoral factors liberated by the ischaemic kidney.
Isotope shift of uranium in the infrared region between 1817 and 5598 cm^−1 (1984)

The isotope shift (238–235) has been determined for 225 emission lines of uranium in the infrared region between 1984 and 5393 cm−1 (5.0–1.85 μm), and the isotope shift of several levels of neutral uranium has been obtained.
Dual-wavelength $Al_2O_3:Yb^{3+}$ distributed feedback waveguide laser for microwave signal generation (2012)

We report a ytterbium-doped aluminum oxide dual-wavelength distributed feedback channel waveguide laser and its application in the photonic generation of stable microwave signals. A microwave signal at ∼15 GHz with a −3 dB width of 9 kHz was created via the heterodyne photodetection of the two laser wavelengths. The long-term (45 minutes) and short-term (10 ms) frequency stability of the microwave signal produced by the free-running laser is better than ±2.5 MHz and ±40 kHz respectively.
Pulse Combustion in a Traveling Wave Thermoacoustic Engine (2004)

This work describes the use of pulse combustion for increasing the acoustic power output of a thermoacoustic engine. Such engines directly convert thermal energy into acoustic energy, which is typically used to drive a thermoacoustic refrigeration process that can achieve cryogenic temperatures without the use of moving parts. After a brief overview of thermoacoustics, the design of the thermoacoustic engine is discussed, and a perturbation analysis of the thermoacoustic energy fluxes and pulse combustion process is presented to quantify the extent to which pulse combustion has the potential to add to the engine’s acoustic power output. Guided by this analysis and the requirements of the engine design, various active and passive combustion control strategies for the reactant injection configuration and combustion chamber design are discussed.
Interactions between Auditory and Visual Semantic Stimulus Classes: Evidence for Common Processing Networks for Speech and Body Actions (2010)

Incongruencies between auditory and visual signals negatively affect human performance and cause selective activation in neuroimaging studies; therefore, they are increasingly used to probe audiovisual integration mechanisms. An open question is whether the increased BOLD response reflects computational demands in integrating mismatching low-level signals or reflects simultaneous unimodal conceptual representations of the competing signals. To address this question, we explore the effect of semantic congruency within and across three signal categories (speech, body actions, and unfamiliar patterns) for signals with matched low-level statistics. In a localizer experiment, unimodal (auditory and visual) and bimodal stimuli were used to identify ROIs. All three semantic categories cause overlapping activation patterns. We find no evidence for areas that show greater BOLD response to bimodal stimuli than predicted by the sum of the two unimodal responses. Conjunction analysis of the unimodal responses in each category identifies a network including posterior temporal, inferior frontal, and premotor areas. Semantic congruency effects are measured in the main experiment. We find that incongruent combinations of two meaningful stimuli (speech and body actions) but not combinations of meaningful with meaningless stimuli lead to increased BOLD response in the posterior STS (pSTS) bilaterally, the left SMA, the inferior frontal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, and the anterior insula. These interactions are not seen in premotor areas. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that pSTS and frontal areas form a recognition network that combines sensory categorical representations (in pSTS) with action hypothesis generation in inferior frontal gyrus/premotor areas. We argue that the same neural networks process speech and body actions.
Decomposition of Diacyl Peroxides from exo- and endo-Norbornane-2-carboxylic Acids and exo- and endo-Norbornene-5-carboxylic Acids (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecomposition of Diacyl Peroxides from exo- and endo-Norbornane-2-carboxylic Acids and exo- and endo-Norbornene-5-carboxylic AcidsHarold. Hart and Frank J. ChloupekCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 8, 1155–1160Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00891a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00891a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Presentación v.2 n.4 (2021)

Es con mucho orgullo que presentamos este cuarto número de la revista Onomástica desde América Latina. Al ser la única publicación de acceso abierto, indexada y especializada en este campo del saber, editada desde esta región del continente, la acogida que ha tenido ha sido muy favorable: varios de los artículos hasta ahora publicados han recibido ya múltiples citas. Es decir que se están leyendo con interés. Eso nos motiva a continuar con mucho entusiasmo. En este número el lector encontrará los siguientes artículos.
In-Field Traps: A New Concept in Survey and Suppression of Low Populations of Boll Weevils (1974)

Grandlure-baited traps placed in the field captured boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, when manual surveys failed to detect signs of infestations. An aggregating response was obtained from both sexes in early and late season as in previous trap studies, but significant numbers of boll weevils, primarily females, were captured in mid-season, thus indicating a true sex pheromone at this time of year. Previous trap studies failed to obtain this mid-season response. In-field traps provide a new and promising approach to survey and monitoring efforts, to evaluate an elmination program, and to the actual management and suppression of the boll weevil.
고조선시대(古朝鮮時代)의 경찰기능(警察機能)에 관한 연구 (2011)

국가가 있는 곳에 질서유지가 요청되는 것은 너무나 당연한 이치이기 때문에 고조선시대에서도 경찰의 존재는 필수 불가결의 요소임에는 틀림이 없다. 따라서 어떠한 형태로든지 경찰업무를 전담하고 처리하는 기관이 존재하였을 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 경찰조직의 혼과 뿌리라고 할 수 있는 고조선 시대의 경찰조직과 기능을 살펴보는 일은, 현존하는 문헌이 거의 없기 때문에 어떤 위험성까지 내포되어 있다고 볼 수도 있으나, 반면 한국경찰사적 입장에서 볼 때 고조선의 경찰제도와 경찰기능을 간과할 수 없는 것 또한 사실이다. 그 이유는 한국경찰의 시발점이 어디인지, 경찰권 행사는 누구였는지, 그리고 경찰활동의 범위를 추적해봄으로써 정통성과 자주성을 찾는데 직접적인 연관성을 갖고 있기 때문이다. 이런 맥락에서 본 연구는 첫째, 고조선 성격에 대한 검토로 경찰의 혼과 뿌리를 어디서부터 찾을 것인가 하는 그 기원점을 찾아보고 둘째, 고조선의 통치구조와 관련하여 경찰권의 행사를 누가했을까? 에 초점을 맞추어서 논의를 전개 하였다. 셋째, 경찰권행사의 법적근거가 되는 불문금약(不文禁約)인 八條禁法의 내용을 분석·평가하여 8조금법이 고조선시대의 어떤 사회상을 반영하는지를 고찰하면서 넷째, 앞에서 설명한 경찰역사의 정통성문제, 경찰권행사주체 그리고 법적근거인 8조금법 등을 토대로 고조선의 경찰기능을 다섯 가지 정도 제시하였다. 뿐만 아니라 고조선이라는 우리나라 최초의 국가성립과 멸망과정을 조망하면서 한나라의 역사는 홀로 존재하는 것이 아니라 주변 세계와의 작용의 결과라는 역사의 본질을 놓치지 말아야 한다는 점을 아울러 강조하였다.
Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts for Use in Vascular and Reconstructive Surgery (2017)

Singh, Gurtej PhD; Liang, Kai-li; Cordero, John; Wiles, Brody; Rafailovich, Miriam PhD; Labropoulos, Nicos PhD; Bui, Duc T. MD; Khan, Sami U. MD; Simon, Marcia PhD; Dagum, Alexander MD, FRCS(C), FACS Author Information
Cobalt-based nanoparticles prepared from MOF–carbon templates as efficient hydrogenation catalysts (2018)

The development of efficient and selective nanostructured catalysts for industrially relevant hydrogenation reactions continues to be an actual goal of chemical research. In particular, the hydrogenation of nitriles and nitroarenes is of importance for the production of primary amines, which constitute essential feedstocks and key intermediates for advanced chemicals, life science molecules and materials. Herein, we report the preparation of graphene shell encapsulated Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>- and Co-nanoparticles supported on carbon by the template synthesis of cobalt-terephthalic acid MOF on carbon and subsequent pyrolysis. The resulting nanoparticles create stable and reusable catalysts for selective hydrogenation of functionalized and structurally diverse aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic nitriles, and as well as nitro compounds to primary amines (>65 examples). The synthetic and practical utility of this novel non-noble metal-based hydrogenation protocol is demonstrated by upscaling several reactions to multigram-scale and recycling of the catalyst.
1D Switched Beam Fabry-P&#x00E9;rot Leaky Wave Antenna (2014)

A simple and efficient configuration of Switched Beam Antenna arrays based on 1D Fabry-Pérot Leaky Wave Antenna (FPLWA) is presented working at 5.8 GHz. The single 1D FPLWA is formed by a simple low gain patch antenna covered by a PRS screen formed by a Metal Strip Grating (MSG). Simulated results including return loss and switched beams are presented. multiple orthogonal beams (six beams) of 10dBi of gain with low Side Lobes Level (SLL) (of about -15 dB) and 360° of coverage are produced. This SBA structure is suitable for WLAN communication systems.
Acetate Utilization in Lactococcus lactis Deficient in Lactate Dehydrogenase: a Rescue Pathway for Maintaining Redox Balance (1999)

Acetate was shown to improve glucose fermentation in Lactococcus lactis deficient in lactate dehydrogenase. 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies using [2-13C]glucose and [2-(13)C]acetate as substrates demonstrated that acetate was exclusively converted to ethanol. This novel pathway provides an alternative route for NAD+ regeneration in the absence of lactate dehydrogenase.
Yeast flavin-containing monooxygenase is induced by the unfolded protein response (2000)

Flavin-containing monooxygenase from yeast (yFMO) carries out the O(2)- and NADPH-dependent oxidation of biological thiols, including oxidizing glutathione to glutathione disulfide. FMO provides a large fraction of the oxidizing necessary for proper folding of disulfide bond-containing proteins; deletion of the enzyme reduces proper folding of endogenous carboxypeptidase Y by about 40%. The enzyme is not essential to cell viability because other enzymes can generate a significant fraction of the oxidizing equivalents required by the cell. However, yFMO is vital to the yeast response to reductive stress. FMO1 deletion mutants grow poorly under reductive stress, and carboxypeptidase Y activity is less than 10% of that in a stressed wild type. The FMO1 gene appears to be under control of an unfolded protein response element and is inducible by factors, such as reductive stress, that elicit the unfolded protein response. Reductive stress can increase yFMO activity at least 6-fold. This increased activity allows the cell to process endogenous disulfide bond-containing proteins and also to allow correct folding of disulfide-bonded proteins expressed from multicopy plasmids. The unfolded protein response is mediated by the Hac1p transcription factor that mediates virtually all of the induction of yFMO triggered by exogenous reducing agents.
VO2‐Based Reconfigurable Antenna Platform with Addressable Microheater Matrix (2017)

This study reports on a reconfigurable antenna platform based on vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ), a phase‐change material (PCM) with low transition temperature, integrated with an addressable microheater matrix. For the first time, it is shown that an entire planar antenna can be thermally reconfigured virtually to any pattern by switching the phase of the selected regions of the VO 2 layer from insulator to metallic state by indirect thermal stimuli generated by individually addressable nichrome resistive microheaters. Careful selection of the individual pixels to start the phase transition from insulator (OFF) to metallic (ON) state allows creating different antenna patterns with unique resonance properties. Reconfiguring the antenna into different patterns, operating frequency can be tuned from C‐band (4–8 GHz) to X‐band (8–12 GHz), and S‐band (2–4 GHz) frequencies which cover the entire ultra wideband spectrum (3.1–10.6 GHz). The proposed approach provides a promising platform for designing monolithically integrated reconfigurable antennas, radio frequency devices, and circuits for various applications.
The Effect of a Breakfast Rich in Slowly Digestible Starch on Glucose Metabolism: A Statistical Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2017)

Starch digestibility may have an effect on the postprandial blood glucose profile. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the relationship between Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) levels and plasma glucose appearance and disappearance rates, as well as other parameters of glucose metabolism, after healthy subjects consumed cereal products that differed in SDS content. Three randomized controlled clinical trials that included a total of 79 subjects were identified. Using binary classification for the variables (high versus low levels, more than 12 g of SDS per portion, and less than 1 g of SDS per portion, respectively), we found that there was a 15-fold higher chance of having a low rate of appearance of exogenous glucose (RaE) after consumption of a high-SDS product. A high SDS content was also associated with a 12-fold and 4-fold higher chance of having a low rate of disappearance of exogenous glucose (RdE) and rate of disappearance of total plasma glucose (RdT), respectively. The RaE kinetics were further analyzed by modeling the contribution of SDS content to the different phases of the RaE response. We show that the higher the SDS content per portion of cereal product, the higher its contribution to the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of the RaE response after 165 min. Using the association rule technique, we found that glycemic iAUC and insulinemic iAUC values vary in the same direction. In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirms the effect of the SDS level in cereal products on the metabolic response, and shows for the first time that the degree to which SDS affects the RaE response differs depending on the SDS content of the food product, as well as the phase of the postprandial period.
A Single Iterative Step for Anytime Causal Discovery (2020)

We present a sound and complete algorithm for recovering causal graphs from observed, non-interventional data, in the possible presence of latent confounders and selection bias. We rely on the causal Markov and faithfulness assumptions and recover the equivalence class of the underlying causal graph by performing a series of conditional independence (CI) tests between observed variables. We propose a single step that is applied iteratively, such that the independence and causal relations entailed from the resulting graph, after any iteration, is correct and becomes more informative with successive iteration. Essentially, we tie the size of the CI condition set to its distance from the tested nodes on the resulting graph. Each iteration refines the skeleton and orientation by performing CI tests having condition sets that are larger than in the preceding iteration. In an iteration, condition sets of CI tests are constructed from nodes that are within a specified search distance, and the sizes of these condition sets is equal to this search distance. The algorithm then iteratively increases the search distance along with the condition set sizes. Thus, each iteration refines a graph, that was recovered by previous iterations having smaller condition sets -- having a higher statistical power. We demonstrate that our algorithm requires significantly fewer CI tests and smaller condition sets compared to the FCI algorithm. This is evident for both recovering the true underlying graph using a perfect CI oracle, and accurately estimating the graph using limited observed data.
Cold-sensitiveompBmutants affecting expression ofompCinEscherichia coliK12 (1987)

The regulatory locus ompB, consisting of 2 genes, ompR and envZ, is required for the expression of ompC and ompF genes encoding the major outer membrane porin proteins OmpC and OmpF in Escherichia coli K12. We utilized localized mutagenesis to isolate cold-sensitive mutants in the ompB operon. The isolated mutants exhibited a cold-sensitive OmpC− phenotype, but remained OmpF+. Furthermore, ompC expression was still regulated by medium osmolarity. The cold-sensitive OmpC− phenotype was complemented by plasmids carrying the wild-type ompB operon, but not by plasmids containing either envZ or ompR genes alone. This suggests that the mutations are in the ompB promotor. We show that the mutations can be used to control expression vectors based on the ompC promotor.
Induced polyploidy in Betula. (1990)

Seeds of ten different species were treated with colchicine solution during germination, to induce duplication of the chromosome set. The species included in the study were and . The total number of individually labelled, colchicine-treated trees was 1,550. Colchicine treatment induced changes in morphological features, especially in the leaves. These features proved to be good indicators of polyploidization. The experiments produced 687 polyploid trees, 287 of which are still alive. The polyploid trees offer possibilities of studying the significance of the genome dosage for the growth, breeding, adaptability and evolution of BetulaB. pendula, B. pubescens, B. papyrifera subcordata, B. papyrifera papyrifera, B. papyrifera occidentalis, B. populifolia, B. alleghaniensis, B.n igra, B. glandulosaB. nanaBetulaBetula.