gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrin clot retraction in normal and transformed avian fibroblasts. (1981)

Normal avian embryo fibroblasts induced retraction of a fibrin clot. The expression of high levels of this activity was associated with the exponential growth phase of the cell division cycle. Cells transformed by avian sarcoma virus (ASV) and other agents lost this activity regardless of the cell cycle phase. Cultures infected with transformation-defective ASV mutants retained a high level of fibrin clot retraction. However, this activity could not be recovered when temperature-sensitive, virus-transformed cells were shifted to a nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees C). The results indicated that, in this cell system, loss of fibrin clot retraction could be considered a reliable parameter of cell transformation.
High-contrast computational caustic design (2014)

We present a new algorithm for computational caustic design. Our algorithm solves for the shape of a transparent object such that the refracted light paints a desired caustic image on a receiver screen. We introduce an optimal transport formulation to establish a correspondence between the input geometry and the unknown target shape. A subsequent 3D optimization based on an adaptive discretization scheme then finds the target surface from the correspondence map. Our approach supports piecewise smooth surfaces and non-bijective mappings, which eliminates a number of shortcomings of previous methods. This leads to a significantly richer space of caustic images, including smooth transitions, singularities of infinite light density, and completely black areas. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with several simulated and fabricated examples.
Analysis of CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cells in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and multiple sclerosis lesions (2014)

T cells with a CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive (DP) phenotype are present in small numbers in the peripheral blood of healthy humans and may have anti-viral capacities. Here we investigate numbers and function of DP T cells in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), either treatment-naive or under therapy with natalizumab. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that frequencies of circulating DP T cells in treatment-naive and natalizumab-treated MS patients are comparable to healthy controls. These cells have a memory phenotype with cytotoxic potential, express high levels of CD49d and are similarly functional in treatment-naive as well as natalizumab-treated MS patients. DP T cells were enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid, but do not invade acutely inflamed MS lesions. In conclusion, DP T cells are functional in MS and may play a role in the immune surveillance of the central nervous system, but do not display functional impairment under natalizumab therapy.
Case Report: Successful Lung Transplantation from a Donor Seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection (Chagas Disease) to a Seronegative Recipient (2017)

The increasing shortage of organs for transplantation has prompted transplant programs to investigate the use of extended criteria donors, such as those with transmissible infectious diseases. Successful cases of organ transplantation (mostly kidney and liver) from <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> seropositive donors to seronegative recipients have been reported. We present a case of lung transplantation from a donor serologically positive for Chagas disease to a seronegative recipient, and provide a review of the literature. Left single lung transplantation was performed in a 44-year-old Spanish woman presenting with interstitial lung disease in February 2016. The deceased donor was a Colombian immigrant living in Spain who was serologically positive for Chagas disease. Oral administration of 5 mg/kg/day benznidazole divided in three doses for 60 days was given for specific Chagas disease prophylaxis after transplantation. Periodic follow-up with serological reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect <i>T. cruzi</i> DNA were performed until 6 months after the end of treatment. All results were negative, indicating that transmission of <i>T. cruzi</i> had not occurred. In a review of the literature, two similar cases were identified in Argentina and the United States. In both cases <i>T. cruzi</i> infection was detected posttransplant in the recipients, after which they were treated with benznidazole. The course of the patient described herein confirms that lungs from donors with chronic <i>T. cruzi</i> infection can be used successfully as allografts, and that posttransplant prophylaxis with benznidazole may reduce the probability of transmission of <i>T. cruzi</i> to the recipient.
SEMICONTINUOUS COUNTERCURRENT APPARATUS FOR CONTACTING GRANULAR SOLIDS AND SOLUTION (1959)

Progress in engineering development and theoretical studies of countercurrent ion exchange equipment is summarized. (J.E.D)
A new highly automated sputter equipment for in situ investigation of deposition processes with synchrotron radiation (2013)

HASE (Highly Automated Sputter Equipment) is a new mobile setup developed to investigate deposition processes with synchrotron radiation. HASE is based on an ultra-high vacuum sputter deposition chamber equipped with an in-vacuum sample pick-and-place robot. This enables a fast and reliable sample change without breaking the vacuum conditions and helps to save valuable measurement time, which is required for experiments at synchrotron sources like PETRA III at DESY. An advantageous arrangement of several sputter guns, mounted on a rotative flange, gives the possibility to sputter under different deposition angles or to sputter different materials on the same substrate. The chamber is also equipped with a modular sample stage, which allows for the integration of different sample environments, such as a sample heating and cooling device. The design of HASE is unique in the flexibility. The combination of several different sputtering methods like standard deposition, glancing angle deposition, and high pressure sputter deposition combined with heating and cooling possibilities of the sample, the large exit windows, and the degree of automation facilitate many different grazing incidence X-ray scattering experiments, such as grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering, in one setup. In this paper we describe in detail the design and the performance of the new equipment and present the installation of the HASE apparatus at the Micro and Nano focus X-ray Scattering beamline (MiNaXS) at PETRA III. Furthermore, we describe the measurement options and present some selected results. The HASE setup has been successfully commissioned and is now available for users.
SIMPLE Made Simple: An Overview of the IETF Specifications for Instant Messaging and Presence Using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2013)

The IETF has produced many specifications related to Presence and
Instant Messaging with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
Collectively, these specifications are known as SIP for Instant
Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE). This document
serves as a guide to the SIMPLE suite of specifications. It
categorizes the specifications, explains what each is for, and how
they relate to each other.
Approaching high temperature photon counting with electron-injection detectors (2014)

Our group has designed and developed a novel telecom band photon detector called the electron-injection detector. The detector provides a high avalanche-free internal-amplification and a stable excess noise factor of near unity while operating at linear-mode with low bias voltages. In our previous reports on un-isolated detectors, the large dark current of the detectors prevented long integration times in the camera. Furthermore, the bandwidth of the un-isolated detectors was in the KHz range. Recently, by changing the 3D geometry and isolating the detectors from each other, we have achieved 3 orders of magnitude reduction in dark current at same bias voltage and temperature compared to our previous results. Isolated detectors have internal dark current densities of 0.1nA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 160 K. Furthermore, they have a bandwidth that is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the un-isolated devices. In this paper we report room temperature and low temperature characteristics of the isolated electron-injection detectors. We show that the measured optical gain displays a small dependence on temperature over our measured range down to 220 K.
Alkoxides as ancillary ligands in organolanthanide chemistry: synthesis of, reactivity of, and olefin polymerization by the .mu.-hydride-.mu.-alkyl compounds [Y(C5Me5)(OC6H3tBu2)]2(.mu.-H)(.mu.-alkyl) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkoxides as ancillary ligands in organolanthanide chemistry: synthesis of, reactivity of, and olefin polymerization by the .mu.-hydride-.mu.-alkyl compounds [Y(C5Me5)(OC6H3tBu2)]2(.mu.-H)(.mu.-alkyl)Colin J. SchaverienCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 1, 69–82Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00013a017https://doi.org/10.1021/om00013a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views580Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gasoline from alcohols (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGasoline from alcoholsCharles R. Morgan, John P. Warner, and Sergei YurchakCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1981, 20, 1, 185–190Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300001a028https://doi.org/10.1021/i300001a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Abstract 8642: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Physician Alerts to Prevent Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism after Hospital Discharge (2011)

Introduction: Many patients develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the months following hospitalization for medical illness. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a VTE prophylaxis alert from a hospital staff member to the Attending Physician prior to patient discharge from the hospital will reduce the incidence of symptomatic VTE after discharge. Methods: We enrolled hospitalized Medical Service patients in a large multicenter randomized controlled trial using a validated point score system to identify those at high risk for symptomatic VTE who were not ordered to receive VTE prophylaxis after discharge. Results: Among 2,513 eligible patients randomized from 18 study sites, 1,252 were assigned to the intervention group, and 1,261 were assigned to the control group. Patients in the intervention group were more than twice as likely to receive VTE prophylaxis at discharge as controls (22.0% versus 9.7%, p&lt;0.0001). Symptomatic VTE at 90 days (99.9% follow-up) occurred in 4.5% of patients in the intervention group compared with 4.0% of controls (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.69). Rates of death at 90 days and major bleeding at 30 days in the intervention group were similar to that of the control group. In an on-treatment analysis, we observed a nearly one-third reduction in 90-day mortality among at-risk medical patients whose physicians were alerted and in whom discharge prophylaxis was prescribed compared with those in whom the alert recommendation was not followed and compared with those for whom an alert was not issued and prophylaxis was not ordered after hospital discharge. Conclusion: We observed no difference in the rate of symptomatic VTE in patients assigned to the alert group compared with controls. The physician alert doubled the rate of VTE prophylaxis ordered at the time of hospital discharge. Further Quality Improvement initiatives to improve VTE prevention after hospital discharge are warranted.
A polynomial lower bound on adaptive complexity of submodular maximization (2020)

In large-data applications, it is desirable to design algorithms with a high degree of parallelization. In the context of submodular optimization, adaptive complexity has become a widely-used measure of an algorithm's "sequentiality". Algorithms in the adaptive model proceed in rounds, and can issue polynomially many queries to a function $f$ in each round. The queries in each round must be independent, produced by a computation that depends only on query results obtained in previous rounds. In this work, we examine two fundamental variants of submodular maximization in the adaptive complexity model: cardinality-constrained monotone maximization, and unconstrained non-mono-tone maximization. Our main result is that an $r$-round algorithm for cardinality-constrained monotone maximization cannot achieve an approximation factor better than $1 - 1/e - Ω(\min \{ \frac{1}{r}, \frac{\log^2 n}{r^3} \})$, for any $r &lt; n^c$ (where $c&gt;0$ is some constant). This is the first result showing that the number of rounds must blow up polynomially large as we approach the optimal factor of $1-1/e$. For the unconstrained non-monotone maximization problem, we show a positive result: For every instance, and every $δ&gt;0$, either we obtain a $(1/2-δ)$-approximation in $1$ round, or a $(1/2+Ω(δ^2))$-approximation in $O(1/δ^2)$ rounds. In particular (and in contrast to the cardinality-constrained case), there cannot be an instance where (i) it is impossible to achieve an approximation factor better than $1/2$ regardless of the number of rounds, and (ii) it takes $r$ rounds to achieve a factor of $1/2-O(1/r)$.
Should a few null findings falsify prefrontal theories of conscious perception? (2017)

Abstract Is activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) critical for conscious perception? Major theories of consciousness make distinct predictions about the role of PFC, providing an opportunity to arbitrate between these views empirically. Here we address three common misconceptions: i) PFC lesions do not affect subjective perception; ii) PFC activity does not reflect specific perceptual content; iii) PFC involvement in studies of perceptual awareness is solely driven by the need to make reports required by the experimental tasks, rather than subjective experience per se. These claims are incompatible with empirical findings, unless one focuses only on studies using methods with limited sensitivity. The literature highlights PFC’s essential role in enabling the subjective experience in perception, contra the objective capacity to perform visual tasks; conflating the two can also be a source of confusion.
Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp (2021)

Macrophages play important roles in the innate and acquired immune responses against <i>Leishmania</i> parasites. Depending on the subset and activation status, macrophages may eliminate intracellular parasites; however, these host cells also can offer a safe environment for <i>Leishmania</i> replication. In this sense, the fate of the parasite may be influenced by the phenotype of the infected macrophage, linked to the subtype of classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. In the present study, M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were analyzed by double-staining immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by <i>L.</i> (<i>L.</i>) <i>amazonensis</i>, <i>L.</i> (<i>V.</i>) <i>braziliensis</i>, <i>L.</i> (<i>V.</i>) <i>panamensis</i> ,and <i>L.</i> (<i>L.</i>) <i>infantum chagasi.</i> High number of M1 macrophages was detected in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by <i>L.</i> (<i>L.</i>) <i>infantum chagasi</i> (M1 = 112 ± 12, M2 = 43 ± 12 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>). On the other side, high density of M2 macrophages was observed in the skin lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) (M1 = 195 ± 25, M2 = 616 ± 114), followed by cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by <i>L</i>. (<i>L</i>.) <i>amazonensis</i> (M1 = 97 ± 24, M2 = 219 ± 29), <i>L.</i> (<i>V</i>.) <i>panamensis</i> (M1 = 71 ± 14, M2 = 164 ± 14), and <i>L</i>. (<i>V</i>.) <i>braziliensis</i> (M1 = 50 ± 13, M2 = 53 ± 10); however, low density of M2 macrophages was observed in NUCL. The data presented herein show the polarization of macrophages in skin lesions caused by different <i>Leishmania</i> species that may be related with the outcome of the disease.
On the Smectic a Smectic C*phase transition in high polarization ferroelectric liquid crystals (1988)

Abstract Recently synthesized compounds present physical characteristics which are rather different from usual ones. The polarization in Smectic C* phase is high (about 200 nC/cm2), the response time is in the 10 μs range and, when present, the Sm A - Sm C* phase transition is markedly first order. One of these compounds has been studied in the Sm A - Sm C* range with different techniques.
Absorbance, light intensity, mass transfer, and sampling time effects in a proposed mechanism for the photolysis of phenyl azide (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorbance, light intensity, mass transfer, and sampling time effects in a proposed mechanism for the photolysis of phenyl azideGuillermo Terrones and Arne J. PearlsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 6, 2132–2140Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00006a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00006a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural mapping of nucleotide binding sites on chloroplast coupling factor (1982)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to measure the distances between three nucleotide binding sites on solubilized chloroplast coupling factor from spinach and between each nucleotide site and two tyrosine residues which are important for catalytic activity. The nucleotide energy donor was 1,N6-ethenoadenosine di- or triphosphate, and the nucleotide energy acceptor was 2'(3')-(trinitrophenyl)adenosine diphosphate. The tyrosine residues were specifically labeled with 7-chloro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, which served as an energy acceptor. The results obtained indicate the three nucleotide binding sites form a triangle with sides of 44, 48, and 36 A. (The assumption has been made in calculating these distances that the energy donor and acceptor rotate rapidly relative to the fluorescence lifetime.) Two of the nucleotide sites are approximately equidistant from each of the two tyrosines: one of the nucleotide sites is about 37 A and the other about 41 A from each tyrosine. The third nucleotide site is about 41 A from one of the tyrosines and greater than or equal to 41 A from the other tyrosine.
Experimental feasibility study of contrast agent enhanced UWB breast imaging by means of M-sequence sensor systems (2014)

UWB microwave imaging has been investigated as an alternative approach for early-stage breast cancer detection. In this paper we present preliminary experimental results towards contrast agent enhanced imaging in order to overcome the problem of the low dielectric contrast between healthy and tumorous tissue. The measurements were done based on M-sequence UWB radar devices and oil-gelatin breast phantoms. Our results confirm the outcome of recently published numerical studies, claiming to detect contrast agent accumulations of clinical applicable doses by electromagnetic sensing.
Ensemble of Deep Learning Cascades for Segmentation of Blood Vessels in Confocal Microscopy Images (2021)

Detection, segmentation, and quantification of microvascular structures are the main steps towards studying microvascular remodeling. Combined with appropriate staining, confocal microscopy imaging enables exploration of the full 3D anatomical characteristics of microvascular systems. Segmentation of confocal microscopy images is a challenging task due to complexity of anatomical structures, staining and imaging issues, and lack of annotated training data. In this paper, we propose a deep learning system for robust segmentation of cranial vasculature of mice in confocal microscopy images. The proposed system is an ensemble of two deep-learning cascades consisting of two coarse-to-fine subnetworks with skip connections in between. One cascade aims to improve sensitivity, while the other aims to improve precision of the segmentation results. Our experiments on mice cranial vasculature showed promising results achieving segmentation accuracy of 92.02% and dice score of 81.45% despite being trained on very limited confocal microscopy data.