gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Kronecker component analysis (2019)

Dictionary learning and component analysis models are fundamental for learning compact representations that are relevant to a given task (feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, denoising, etc.). The model complexity is encoded by means of specific structure, such as sparsity, low-rankness, or nonnegativity. Unfortunately, approaches like K-SVD — that learn dictionaries for sparse coding via Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) — are hard to scale to high-volume and high-dimensional visual data, and fragile in the presence of outliers. Conversely, robust component analysis methods such as the Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) are able to recover low-complexity (e.g., low-rank) representations from data corrupted with noise of unknown magnitude and support, but do not provide a dictionary that respects the structure of the data (e.g., images), and also involve expensive computations. In this paper, we propose a novel Kronecker-decomposable component analysis model, coined as Robust Kronecker Component Analysis (RKCA), that combines ideas from sparse dictionary learning and robust component analysis. RKCA has several appealing properties, including robustness to gross corruption; it can be used for low-rank modeling, and leverages separability to solve significantly smaller problems. We design an efficient learning algorithm by drawing links with a restricted form of tensor factorization, and analyze its optimality and low-rankness properties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on real-world applications, namely background subtraction and image denoising and completion, by performing a thorough comparison with the current state of the art.
(−)-Xanthienopyran, a New Inhibitor of Superoxide Anion Generation by Activated Neutrophils, and Further Constituents of the Seeds ofXanthium strumarium (2008)

The dried seeds of XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM (Asteraceae) are used after thorough stir-frying as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicines for relieving allergy. Two new compounds, xanthialdehyde ( 2) and (-)-xanthienopyran ( 7), as well as 26 known compounds were isolated in the present study. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among them, compound 7 exhibited significant selective inhibition of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils induced by formyl- L-methionyl- L-leucyl- L-phenylalanine, with an IC50 value of 1.72 microg/mL.
Pulsed modulation doping of AlxGa1‐xN (x>0.6) AlGaN epilayers for deep UV optoelectronic devices (2014)

Abstract We report a new approach of pulsed modulation doping (PMD) to achieve n‐type doping in Al x Ga 1‐x N (x&gt;0.6) layers. In this approach silane flow is cyclically modulated during n‐AlGaN growth which enable us to grow low dislocation density n‐AlGaN templates for UV (λ ∼ 280 nm) LEDs. We observed that dislocation density for un‐doped AlGaN layers on high quality AlN layers is 3.3×10 8 cm ‐2 . This dislocation density was increased to 2.3×10 9 cm –2 for conventionally grown n‐AlGaN layers on AlGaN templates. We were able to reduced dislocation density in n‐AlGaN layers to 3.5×10 8 cm –2 using PMD of n‐AlGaN layers. The dislocation densities in these samples were studies using etch pit density (EPD) and Williamson and Hall studies. A comparative study of LED structures on conventional and PMD doped n‐AlGaN showed improved performance for LED emitting at 280 nm for LED structure on PMD n‐doped AlGaN layers. In this paper the details of our growth procedure, the epi‐structure X‐ray, AFM, and other characterizations will be presented. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Car as an Ambient Sensing Platform (2017)

In recent years, cars have evolved from purely mechanical to veritable cyberphysical systems that generate large amounts of real-time data. These data are instrumental to the proper working of the vehicle itself, but make them amenable to a multitude of other uses. For instance, GPS information has recently been used for a large number of mobility studies in the academic community [1] , [5] , as well as to feed traffic apps such as Google Traffic and Waze. This use of vehicle data is already having a profound impact in science, industry, economy, and society at large. Now, imagine that instead of accessing one single source of vehicle-generated data (GPS), one can access the entire wealth of data exchanged on the controller area network (CAN) bus in near real timeamounting to over 4000 signals sampled at high frequency, corresponding to a few gigabytes of data per hour. What would be the implications, opportunities, and challenges sparked by this transition?
Selecting predicate logic for knowledge representation by comparative study of knowledge representation schemes (2009)

In artificial intelligence, knowledge representation is a combination of data structures and interpretive procedures that leads to knowledgeable behavior. Therefore, it is required to investigate such knowledge representation technique in which knowledge can be easily and efficiently represented in computer. This research paper compares various knowledge representation techniques and proves that predicate logic is a more efficient and more accurate knowledge representation scheme. The algorithm in this paper splits the English text/sentences into phrases/constituents and then represents these in predicate logic. This algorithm also generates the original sentences from the representation in order to check the accuracy of representation. The algorithm has been tested on real text/sentences of English. The algorithm has achieved an accuracy of 80%. If the text is in simple discourse units, then the algorithm accurately represents it in predicate logic. The algorithm also accurately retrieves the original text/sentences from such representation.
A two-dimensional comprehensive hydrodynamic model for femtosecond laser pulse interaction with metals (2012)

Abstract Femtosecond laser–metal interaction in air and the resultant early plasma evolution are investigated by a two-dimensional comprehensive hydrodynamic model in this paper. The model comprises a two-temperature model and a hydrodynamic model supplemented with a quotidian equation of state model, considering the relevant multiphysical phenomena during the laser–metal interaction. The experimental measurements for plasma expansion were carried out to validate the simulation results, using a shadowgraph technique and direct fluorescence measurement. The evolution of both the early plasma and plume plasma is investigated by the model. The early plasma is proved to be generated by electron emission and ambient gas ionization and splits into several portions during its expansion due to different mechanisms. The plume plasma comes from the target material ejection. The photoelectric emission is revealed to be the dominant electron emission mechanism at high laser intensities, while thermal emission is more important at low laser intensities. The electron emission process and early stage plasma are critical to ultrashort laser–metal interaction, especially at high laser intensities. Without considering this, the electron temperature can be overestimated by as much as 70%.
Multi-functional fibre Bragg grating sensors for fatigue crack detection in metallic structures (2006)

This paper investigates the use of multi-functional fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for structural health and usage monitoring. It is shown how FBG sensors can be used simultaneously for both a strain-sensing-based load-monitoring system and a Lamb-wave-based damage-detection system. Structural health and usage monitoring has gained considerable interest in engineering technologies. Especially for the aircraft industry where damage can lead to catastrophic and expensive failures and the vehicles involved undergo regular cost intensive inspections, a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) has one of the highest payoffs. Although different approaches for an HUMS can be found in the literature, a system based on the fusion of load monitoring and damage detection could provide highest potential for implementation in future aircrafts. For this paper, initial tests have been carried out to demonstrate the dual load and damage monitoring on a simple aluminium plate. A fatigue test was carried out to study the crack propagation of the plate. FBG sensors were used to record the load history of the test. For the fatigue analysis, the crack growth was observed using a conventional method and the Lamb-wave analysis. Piezoceramic transducers and the same FBG sensors that already monitored the load history were applied to record the Lamb-wave signals. A novel damage index that correlates the sensor signals with the crack length is introduced. Subsequently, the results obtained for both transducers are given and their performance is compared. Final remarks on this initial test of a dual load and damage-monitoring system based on FBG sensors conclude the paper.
An injection locking scheme for precision quadrature generation (2001)

We describe a novel quadrature splitter based on injection locking a cascade of ring oscillators to a single phase reference clock. The output signals are in accurate quadrature with low phase noise over a wide bandwidth. This scheme operates at a high signal frequency and is inherently insensitive to the shape of the reference clock waveform. Experimental results at 2.7 GHz are reported for a prototype implementation in 0.25µn BiCMOS technology. To prove the viability of this scheme, a single-sideband mixer was implemented along with the splitter. Over many chips, a considerable improvement in sideband rejection was observed from the state of the art.
Aspect ratios, sizes, and etch rates in photostructurable glass-ceramic (2008)

Photostructurable glass-ceramics (PSGCs), although not yet widely used, are well suited to many micro-optical and micromechanical applications. Their appeal stems from the combination of the physical properties of glass-ceramics with the excellent three-dimensional shaping control that can be achieved by laser-patterning a transparent photostructurable material. The PSGCs are both mechanically and thermally robust. Exposure with a focused 355-nm pulsed laser beam initiates a cascade of reactions that ends in crystallization of a different phase of the glass-ceramic. The crystal-rich phase etches chemically much faster than the original crystal-free phase. In this experiment, we examined the dependence of the chemical etch rate on the aspect ratios and sizes of structures made from Foturan, a commercially available PSGC. We fabricated several types of test structures in 1-mm-thick Foturan samples. We tested the initial and long-term etch behavior of Foturan etched in 5% HF as a function of the size of the etched structure. An aspect ratio of 100 for a 10-&mu;m-wide trench etched through a 1000-&mu;m-thick sample was achieved.
Synthesis and Biological Testing of Non‐Fluorinated Analogues of Levofloxacin. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Speech enhancement: theory and practice (2013)

With the proliferation of mobile devices and hearing devices, including hearing aids and cochlear implants, there is a growing and pressing need to design algorithms that can improve speech intelligibility without sacrificing quality. Responding to this need, Speech Enhancement: Theory and Practice, Second Edition introduces readers to the basic problems of speech enhancement and the various algorithms proposed to solve these problems. Updated and expanded, this second edition of the bestselling textbook broadens its scope to include evaluation measures and enhancement algorithms aimed at impr
Subpellicular and flagellar microtubules of Trypanosoma brucei brucei contain the same alpha-tubulin isoforms. (1987)

The cytoskeleton of the parasitic hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei brucei essentially consists of two microtubule-based structures: a subpellicular layer of singlet microtubules, which are in close contact with the cell membrane, and the flagellar axoneme. In addition, the cells contain a small pool of soluble tubulin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the tubulins present in these subcellular compartments revealed two distinct electrophoretic isoforms of alpha-tubulin, termed alpha 1 and alpha 3. alpha 1-Tubulin most likely represents the primary translation product, while alpha 3-tubulin is a posttranslationally acetylated derivative of alpha 1-tubulin. In the pool of soluble cytoplasmic tubulin, alpha 1 is the predominant species, while the very stable flagellar microtubules contain almost exclusively the alpha 3-tubulin isoform. The subpellicular microtubules contain both isoforms. Neither of the two alpha-tubulin isoforms is organelle specific, but the alpha 3 isoform is predominantly located in stable microtubules.
Possible adverse effects of drugs used in refractive surgery (2003)

Adverse drug reaction reports were compiled from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA; the United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland; the World Health Organization, Uppsala, Sweden; and a Medline literature review of the past 50 years. The reported side effects of mydriatics, cycloplegics, benzodiazepines, tetracyclines, iodine, topical anesthetics, medications used for hemostasis, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, steroids, antibiotics, and artificial tears are described. Physicians should be aware of the side-effect profile and current industry standards for medications used in corneal refractive surgery, including off-label uses. Guidelines are provided for some classes of medications.
Two-channel constrained least squares problems: solutions using power methods and connections with canonical coordinates (2004)

The problem of two-channel constrained least squares (CLS) filtering under various sets of constraints is considered, and a general set of solutions is derived. For each set of constraints, the solution is determined by a coupled (asymmetric) generalized eigenvalue problem. This eigenvalue problem establishes a connection between two-channel CLS filtering and transform methods for resolving channel measurements into canonical or half-canonical coordinates. Based on this connection, a unified framework for reduced-rank Wiener filtering is presented. Then, various representations of reduced-rank Wiener filters in canonical and half-canonical coordinates are introduced. An alternating power method is proposed to recursively compute the canonical coordinate and half-canonical coordinate mappings. A deflation process is introduced to extract the mappings associated with the dominant coordinates. The correctness of the alternating power method is demonstrated on a synthesized data set, and conclusions are drawn.
Progress in integration of remote sensing–derived flood extent and stage data and hydraulic models (2009)

The ability to monitor floods with sensors mounted on aircraft and satellites has been known for decades. Early launches of satellites and the availability of aerial photography allowed investigation of the potential to support flood monitoring from as far as space. There have been notable studies on integrating data from these instruments with flood modeling since the late 1990s. There is now a consensus among space agencies to strengthen the support that satellites can offer. This trend has stimulated more research in this area, and significant progress has been achieved in recent years in fostering our understanding of the ways in which remote sensing can support or even advance flood modeling. This research goes considerably further than using a wet/dry flood map for model validation as in early studies of this type. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent and current efforts to aid advancing flood inundation modeling from space.
Performance gains using subpages for cache coherency control (2002)

When implementing a shared disk database management system, one of the major problems is how to realize an efficient cache coherency mechanism. Most of the solutions proposed use pages as the granularity for concurrency and coherency control. Under high data contention this granularity is not capable of achieving the scalability goal. We describe a new approach called Virtual DataBase Cache, that maintains concurrency control and cache coherency at subpage level in order to reduce data contention. VDBC allows multiple readers and multiple writers concurrently on a page. It also supports different subpage sizes for different tables resp. segments. Our extensive performance analysis, which is presented, clearly shows that our approach is superior to a page based method.
Asymptomatic Saddle Pulmonary Embolism: Case Report and Literature Review (2010)

Saddle pulmonary embolism is defined as a visible thromboembolus straddling the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery trunk. Patient with saddle pulmonary embolism have a 2-week mortality of 5.8%. 46 years old, hypertensive male, presented with right leg swelling and pain, with no evidence of cardiopulmonary distress. CTA showed a large saddle pulmonary embolus. Doppler ultrasound of right lower extremity, revealed a large filling defect extending from the common femoral vein distally involving the deep femoral vein, femoral vein and popliteal vein on the right. Diagnosis of saddle embolus on its own is not associated with an unfavorable outcome, therefore should not influence management of PE. Echocardiography done within 48hours in-patient with symptomatic saddle pulmonary embolism reveals mild to moderate right ventricular enlargement in 90% and mild to severe right ventricular dysfunction in 80%. Emerging evidence suggest that primary therapy with thrombolytics and embolectomy, should be used in PE patients who presents with hypotension plus moderate to severe right ventricular dysfunction on echo cardiogram. Patients with saddle pulmonary embolism can have normal cardiopulmonary reserve; these patients can be managed with conventional treatment for pulmonary embolism in hospital settings, in order to deal with any complications developed during management. Aggressive management should be reserved for patients who are hemodynamically unstable as well as those with echocardiographic evidence of severe right ventricular strain. Physicians should decrease their threshold for suspicion of pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis in the hope of revealing more and more hidden cases of pulmonary embolism.
Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors in Helicobacter pyloriclinical isolates (2003)

The analysis of virulence genes revealed a specific association between H. pylori strains and clinical outcome, furthermore, no significant association was detected among pathogenicity and resistance or susceptibility.
A statistical study of extreme nor’easter snowstorms (2009)

This short paper studies the statistical characteristics of extreme snowstorms striking the eastern seaboard of the United States — the so-called nor’easters. Poisson regression techniques and extreme value methods are used to estimate return periods of storms of various snow volumes. Return periods of several memorable events are estimated, including the superstorm of 1993, the North American blizzard of 1996, and the blizzard of 1888. While nor’easters are found to occur more frequently in late winter than early winter, no evidence of increasing/decreasing storm frequencies in time or dependencies on the North Atlantic oscillation is found.
Modeling and Design of Series Voltage Compensator for Reduction of DC-Link Capacitance in Grid-Tie Solar Inverter (2014)

A grid-tie solar inverter with a series voltage compensator for reducing the high-voltage dc-link capacitance is presented. The compensator obtains energy from the dc link to sustain the voltage on its dc side and generates an ac voltage to counteract the voltage ripple on the dc link. As the compensator processes small ripple voltage on the dc link and reactive power, it can be implemented with low-voltage devices, and thus, its volt-amp rating is small. As the required energy storage of the dc link, formed by a reduced value of the dc-link capacitor and the compensator, is reduced, the architecture allows replacing popularly used electrolytic capacitors with alternatives of longer lifetime, such as power film capacitors, or extending the system lifetime even if there is a significant reduction in the capacitance of electrolytic capacitors due to aging. Detailed mathematical analysis on the static and dynamic behaviors of the overall system, and the control method will be presented. A simplified design procedure for the compensator will be given. A 2-kW, 220-V, 50-Hz prototype has been built and evaluated. The theoretical predictions are compared favorably with experimental results. Finally, the implementation cost with electrolytic-capacitor and compensator for the dc link will be compared.
Contribution of fibrin glue in the surgery of cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic congenital cardiopathies: retrospective cohort study (2019)

The results we found show that fibrin glue reduces the duration of hospitalization in resuscitation and reduces the number of units of transfused red blood cells to patients after surgery. However, it does not reduce significantly the total postoperative bleeding volume per weight, the number of fresh frozen plasma units or platelets units transfused. The fibrin glue could therefore be of moderate benefit in pediatric cardiac surgery.
The Soundscape of Ringing Bells. (1994)

The residents who receive the sound of an urban environment also create the sound environment in which they live everyday of their lives. It is important to recognize how the residents feel about their immediate sound environment because then we can begin to understand what type of future environment the residents will prefer.
Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia in Patients With Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (1988)

The performance of 38 patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis was compared with that of 26 age- and education-matched controls on a battery of tests of information-processing speed, verbal fluency, naming, egocentric perception, and anterograde and remote memory. Although there were marked differences in the extent and severity of cognitive disturbance among individual patients, as a group they were impaired compared with controls on all measures. Deficits were most striking on the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test and the verbal fluency measures, tests that require rapid information processing. More than 75% of the patients scored below the tenth percentile for controls on the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, while 61% scored below the tenth percentile on verbal fluency. Memory disturbances were also common. More than 45% of the patients scored below the tenth percentile. The proportion of impaired patients was quite similar for anterograde and remote memory tests and for recall and recognition procedures. The pattern of memory disturbance and slowed information processing resembled deficits generally observed in subcortical dementias, such as Huntington's disease, but in addition, the patients with multiple sclerosis showed naming difficulties that are usually associated with cortical dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease.