gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase in development of the malaria parasite (2009)

The life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium is complex with distinct phases occurring in the human host and the mosquito vector. Proliferation of asexual parasites within blood cells leads to pathology whereas a distinct sexual stage is required to mediate transmission to the insect. There is a surprising lack of information about how progression of the life cycle is controlled. By analogy with other systems, it is likely that differentiation is regulated by intracellular signalling cascades involving specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. Following an early report in the literature suggesting a role for the parasite cGMP signalling pathway in male gametogenesis, our recent work has investigated the role of the P. falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG) in the parasite life cycle. We have used specific inhibitors of the parasite PKG in conjunction with transgenic parasites expressing an inhibitor-insensitive PfPKG to provide direct evidence of a role for this kinase in gametogenesis [1]. Furthermore, we have used this approach recently to elucidate a central role for PfPKG in the late events of P. falciparum asexual blood stage schizogony. Using the P. berghei mouse malaria model we have also demonstrated a role for the kinase in gliding motility of the ookinete; the zygote form that borrows through the insect midgut wall. Discovery of essential functions for PfPKG in multiple developmental stages suggest that it may be a good target for new anti-malarial drugs.
Flame response to excitation at frequencies <60 Hz as measured by phase-resolved NO PLIF (2002)

The California Institute of Technology's Combustion Acoustics Facility is used to measure the
changes in the creation of NO in a partially premixed jet flame due to acoustic forcing at frequencies
ranging from 22 to 55 Hz. The facility generates a quarter-wave mode so that the test flame is in a region
where the acoustic velocity is nearly zero. This facility and a similar burner have been previously used to
measure the phase-resolved response of the OH field. In this experiment, phase-resolved NO planar laserinduced
fluorescence (PLIF) measurements are recorded. The location and phase coupling of the NO field
are analyzed, and the production and transport of NO are compared with previously reported OH field
measurements. The NO levels increase for frequencies that exhibit stronger acoustic coupling to the flame.
The NO concentration field variations lead (in phase space) the OH field variations. This is probably a
result of the greater NO sensitivity to temperature (which itself is closely coupled to the chamber pressure).
A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF α,β-DIHYDROXYKETONES VIA TIN(IV) ENEDIOLATES BY UTILIZING THE REDUCING POWER OF BIS (2-PYRIDINETHIOLATO)TIN(II) (1985)

Abstract Bis(2-pyridinethiolato)tin(II), a stable stannylene, effects oxidative addition to α-dicarbonyl compounds to generate tin(IV) enediolates, which in turn react with aldehydes to give α,β-dihydroxyketones in good yields with moderate diastereoselectivities.
Hyperglycemia Control of the Nil Per Os Patient in the Intensive Care Unit: Introduction of a Simple Subcutaneous Insulin Algorithm (2012)

A simple SQIA allows insulin doses to be adjusted to the individual patient's needs and meet current ICU goals for glycemic control. Its adoption may reduce the workload of nurses.
[Construction of recombinant glutathione S-transferase pi cDNA and retrovirus vector]. (1996)

In order to study effect of expression of glutathione S-transferase pi gene on transformation induced by chemical Carcinogens in cellular experiments and explore possibility of gene prevention of tumor, as the first step, we have constructed recombinant glutathione S-transferase pi cDNA and retrovirus vector pXT1.
[Comparative evaluation of the anal sphincter function after sphincter-sparing operations in diffuse polyposis]. (1990)

Experience in treating 76 patients who were subjected to various sphincter-preserving operations is analysed. It is shown that after subtotal resection of the large intestine with ++abdomino-anal resection of the rectum and pull-through of the right parts of the colon into the anal canal as well as after pull-through of the segment of the transverse colon into the anal canal, the neuro-reflex activity of the musculus sphincter ani internus is destroyed in 55% and reduces in 25% of patients while the reflex activity of the musculus sphincter ani externus is disturbed in 45% of patients and is not restored later. The results bear evidence that the condition of the rectal obturation apparatus does not depend on the segment of the colon subjected to the pull-through operation (cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon). Experience has shown that the results of sphicterometry, electromyography, and electromanometry in various periods after colectomy, mucosectomy of the rectum, and formation of ileorectal anastomosis are much better than those after pull-through operations on various parts of the colon, and return to normal values in 18 months.
Key Amino Acid Residues in the Regulation of Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Catalysis by Component B (2003)

The regulatory component MMOB of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) has been hypothesized to control access of substrates into the active site of the hydroxylase component (MMOH) through formation of a size specific channel or region of increased structural flexibility tuned to methane and O(2). Accordingly, a decrease in the size of four MMOB residues (N107G/S109A/S110A/T111A, the Quad mutant) was shown to accelerate the reaction of substrates larger than methane with the reactive MMOH intermediate Q [Wallar, B. J., and Lipscomb, J. D. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 2220-2233]. Here, this hypothesis is tested by construction of single and double mutations involving the residues of the Quad mutant. It is shown that mutations of residues that extend into the core structure of MMOB alter many aspects of the MMOH catalyzed reaction but do not mimic the effects of the Quad mutant. In contrast, the MMOB residues that are thought to form part of the interface in the MMOH-MMOB complex increase active site accessibility as observed for the Quad mutant. In particular, the mutant T111A mimics most of the effects of the Quad mutant; thus, Thr111 is proposed to most directly control access. Unexpectedly, mutation of Thr111 to the larger Tyr greatly increases the rate constant for the reaction of larger substrates such as ethane, furan, and nitrobenzene with Q while decreasing the rate constant for the reaction with methane. Other steps in the cycle are dramatically slowed, the regiospecificity for nitrobenzene oxidation is altered, and 10-fold more T111Y than wild-type MMOB is required to maximize the rate of turnover. Thus, T111Y appears to make a more extensive change in local interface structure that allows hydrocarbons at least as large as ethane to bind and react with Q similarly. As a result, the bond cleavage rates for methane, ethane, and their deuterated analogues are shown for the first time to correlate with bond strength in accord with a mechanism in which C-H bond cleavage occurs during reaction of substrates with Q.
Output-based sound quality evaluation using statistical model method (2005)

A novel output-based evaluation technique by employing statistical pattern classification to imitate subjects behavior in a subjective listening-opinion test was developed. The subjects in a listening test do in fact perform a quality pattern classification process in terms of their perception of the speech signal. The process of a listening test, the subjects listen only to the output speech signal of the system under test, not hear the original input signal. The results show the ability of proposed method to predict speech quality scores without any reference signal.
Survival outcomes in patients (pts) with KRAS/NRAS (RAS) wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and non-liver-limited disease (non-LLD): Data from the PRIME study. (2014)

3550^ Background: ESMO guidelines recommend upfront treatment with an active combination regimen for mCRC pts with multiple metastases and those with more limited disease (Schmoll et al, 2012). Panitumumab (pmab) + FOLFOX4 is an active regimen that improved overall survival (OS) vs FOLFOX4 alone in the 1st-line treatment of RAS WT mCRC (PRIME study). In this exploratory analysis of PRIME, we report the efficacy of pmab + FOLFOX4 vs FOLFOX4 in pts with non-LLD. Methods: PRIME was a randomized (1:1) phase 3 study comparing the efficacy and safety of pmab 6.0 mg/kg Q2W + FOLFOX4 vs FOLFOX4 in pts with no prior chemotherapy for mCRC. In this exploratory analysis conducted when ≥80% of pts had an OS event, median progression-free (PFS) and OS were estimated for pts with RAS WT (KRAS/NRAS exons 2-4 assessed, including codon 59) non-LLD. 3-year OS rates were also evaluated. Data were summarised descriptively and tested for significance using Cox’s proportional hazards models. Results: Of the 505 pts with RAS WT mCRC, 416 had non-LLD. Treatment arms were well balanced with respect to baseline sex, age and metastatic sites. Overall, 82% of pts had liver involvement, 51% had ≥3 metastatic sites (median 3 [range 1-6]) and median LDH was 373 (range 4-5780) U/L. Median PFS and OS were longer in RAS WT non-LLD pts receiving pmab + FOLFOX4 vs FOLFOX4 (Table). 3-year OS rates were 31% vs 23% for non-LLD pts receiving pmab + FOLFOX4 vs FOLFOX4, respectively. Numeric benefits were also observed in LLD patients receiving pmab + FOLFOX4. Conclusions: This post-hoc analysis suggests that the PFS and OS benefits observed with 1st-line pmab + FOLFOX4 vs FOLFOX4 in the overall PRIME population are also seen in the subgroup of pts who have non-LLD. Clinical trial information: NCT00364013. Non-LLD (n=416) LLD (n=89) Pmab + FOLFOX4 (n=205) FOLFOX4 (n=211) Pmab + FOLFOX4 (n=48) FOLFOX4 (n=41) PFS events, n 181 192 38 37 Median PFS, months 11.1 8.0 11.3 9.9 HR (95% CI); p valuea 0.73 (0.60-0.90); 0.0027 0.75 (0.48-1.19); 0.2223 OS events, n 166 186 32 31 Median OS, months 23.8 18.4 40.7 33.4 HR (95% CI); p valuea 0.78 (0.63-0.96); 0.0185 0.71 (0.43-1.16); 0.1737 Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; HR, hazard ratio. a Descriptive p value.
Ancient Egypt to modern ophthalmology: via Otago, New Zealand (2009)

The purpose of this report is to document the contribution of two New Zealanders, Barrie Jones and Rowland Wilson, to the development of modern ophthalmology. Their related contribution was made over a period of 80 years; it began in Egypt with Wilson, developed when they worked together in Dunedin and where they created the foundations for the brilliant career that Jones was to go on to in London. Their story emphasizes the impact of teaching and mentorship. It highlights the extended reach of teaching and the power of continuity in research.
Effect of resist on the transfer of line-edge roughness spatial metrics from mask to wafer (2010)

Mask contributors to line-edge roughness (LER) have recently been shown to be an issue of concern for extreme ultraviolet lithography both in terms of the accuracy of current resist evaluation tests and in terms of the ultimate LER requirements for the 22 nm production node and beyond. More recently, it has been shown that the power spectral density of the mask-induced roughness is markedly different from that of intrinsic resist roughness and thus potentially serves as a mechanism for distinguishing mask effects from resist effects in experimental results. However, the evaluation of stochastic effects in the resist itself demonstrates that such a test would only be viable in cases where the resist effects are negligible in terms of their contribution to the total LER compared with the mask effects. Moreover, the results presented here lead the authors to the surprising conclusion that it is indeed possible for mask contributors to be the dominant source of LER while the spatial characteristics of the LER remain indistinguishable from the fractal characteristics of resist-induced LER.
A Divergence Median-based Geometric Detector with A Weighted Averaging Filter (2018)

To overcome the performance degradation of the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based constant false alarm rate detector with the limited sample data, a divergence median-based geometric detector on the Riemannian manifold of Heimitian positive definite matrices is proposed in this paper. In particular, an autocorrelation matrix is used to model the correlation of sample data. This method of the modeling can avoid the poor Doppler resolution as well as the energy spread of the Doppler filter banks result from the FFT. Moreover, a weighted averaging filter, conceived from the philosophy of the bilateral filtering in image denoising, is proposed and combined within the geometric detection framework. As the weighted averaging filter acts as the clutter suppression, the performance of the geometric detector is improved. Numerical experiments are given to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
A journey with T cells, primate/human retroviruses and other persisting human T-cell tropic viruses. (2003)

A study of the growth of primate/human T cells led to mechanisms for temporary laboratory culture of these cells (discovery of interleukin-2) and also their continuous culture (by immortalization after infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or 2 (HTLV-1 or 2)). Cultures of lymphocytes also led us to isolate five persisting T-tropic viruses: 1. the Hall's Island strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus, 2. HTLV-1, 3. HTLV-2, 4. human immunodeficiency virus and 5. human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6). This report is a brief synopsis of the discoveries of the first human retroviruses, the HTLV.
OPTIMIZATION OF RADIOSYNTHESIS OF MOLECULAR TRACERS IN EWOD MICROFLUIDIC CHIP (2010)

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) microdevices are an emerging platform for rapid radiosyntheses of molecular probes and optimization of reaction conditions. Herein, we present an improved process for [ 18 F]fluoride drying and synthesis of the intermediate [ 18 F]fluoro-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FTAG) on EWOD with reproducible conversion efficiency of 78±4% (n=11), in comparison to 64±18 % (n=4) in our previous report. Additional optimization studies showed that the radiolabeling reactions were independent of the evaporation and fluorination temperatures over a range from 80–100 °C. Ultimately, this multifunctional EWOD chip could form the basis of a bench-top radiosynthesizer to produce a broad range of PET radiotracers at imaging sites.
Recent Developments in Resonant Column Testing (1985)

The resonant column method of testing soils is reviewed. Recent developments in equipment, specimen configurations, and testing schemes are presented. Some equipment can perform both resonance and quasi-static tests on the same specimen. Hollow specimen tests are becoming more commonplace, especially in research. In addition to steady-state sinusoidal forcing functions, free vibration tests and random noise vibration tests are being used. The validity of using linear viscoelastic theory as a model for data reduction is supported. A new solution that accounts more rigorously for boundary conditions is presented. It shows that both inertia and stiffness must be considered. Specific criteria for fixed-ended conditions are established.
The non-coding RNA BC1 regulates experience-dependent structural plasticity and learning (2017)

The brain cytoplasmic (BC1) RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) involved in neuronal translational control. Absence of BC1 is associated with altered glutamatergic transmission and maladaptive behavior. Here, we show that pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex of BC1 knock out (KO) mice display larger excitatory postsynaptic currents and increased spontaneous activity in vivo. Furthermore, BC1 KO mice have enlarged spine heads and postsynaptic densities and increased synaptic levels of glutamate receptors and PSD-95. Of note, BC1 KO mice show aberrant structural plasticity in response to whisker deprivation, impaired texture novel object recognition and altered social behavior. Thus, our study highlights a role for BC1 RNA in experience-dependent plasticity and learning in the mammalian adult neocortex, and provides insight into the function of brain ncRNAs regulating synaptic transmission, plasticity and behavior, with potential relevance in the context of intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders.Brain cytoplasmic (BC1) RNA is a non-coding RNA that has been implicated in translational regulation, seizure, and anxiety. Here, the authors show that in the cortex, BC1 RNA is required for sensory deprivation-induced structural plasticity of dendritic spines, as well as for correct sensory learning and social behaviors.
A Flexible Selection Scheme for Minimum-Effort Transfer Learning (2020)

Fine-tuning is a popular way of exploiting knowledge contained in a pre-trained convolutional network for a new visual recognition task. However, the orthogonal setting of transferring knowledge from a pretrained network to a visually different yet semantically close source is rarely considered: This commonly happens with real-life data, which is not necessarily as clean as the training source (noise, geometric transformations, different modalities, etc.).To tackle such scenarios, we introduce a new, generalized form of fine-tuning, called flex-tuning, in which any individual unit (e.g. layer) of a network can be tuned, and the most promising one is chosen automatically. In order to make the method appealing for practical use, we propose two lightweight and faster selection procedures that prove to be good approximations in practice. We study these selection criteria empirically across a variety of domain shifts and data scarcity scenarios, and show that fine-tuning individual units, despite its simplicity, yields very good results as an adaptation technique. As it turns out, in contrast to common practice, rather than the last fully-connected unit it is best to tune an intermediate or early one in many domain- shift scenarios, which is accurately detected by flex-tuning.
Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 improves gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms in women reporting minor digestive symptoms: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, controlled study (2009)

The ability of probiotics to improve bowel habits or transit time has been shown in healthy populations. Additional data are required to support the use of specific probiotics to improve gastrointestinal (GI) well-being. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of consuming fermented milk (FM) on GI well-being, digestive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst women without diagnosed GI disorders. In this double-blind, controlled, parallel-design study, subjects were randomised to ingest daily either 2 x 125 g FM containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 and yoghurt strains or a control non-fermented dairy product for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week wash-out period. GI well-being and digestive symptoms were assessed weekly. HRQoL was measured every 4 weeks. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance and logistic regression, correcting for baseline values on the full analysis set population of 197 women (aged 18-60 years). The percentage of women reporting an improvement in their GI well-being was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the FM group v. the control group (OR 1.69; 95 % CI 1.17, 2.45). A significantly (P < 0.05) more pronounced decrease in the composite score of digestive symptoms was observed in the FM group when comparing with the control group (least squares mean - 0.57; 95 % CI - 1.12, - 0.02). Among HRQoL dimensions, the digestive comfort score was significantly (P < 0.05) improved in the FM group compared with the control group. The present study showed that the daily consumption of a specific FM is able to improve GI well-being and digestive symptoms in adult women without GI disorders.
Bridge to Life: The Lifebridge B2T® extracorporeal life support system in an in vitro trial (2008)

Extracorporeal life support systems (ECLS) have become common in cardiothoracic surgery, but are still "Terra Incognita" in other medical fields due to the fact that perfusion units are normally bound to cardiothoracic centres. The Lifebridge B2T is an ECLS that is meant to be used as an easy and fast-track extracorporeal cardiac support to provide short-term perfusion for the transport of a patient to a specialized centre. With the Lifebridge B2T it is now possible to provide extracorporeal bypass for patients in hospitals without a perfusion unit. The Lifebridge B2T was tested on three calves to analyze the handling, performance and security of this system. The Lifebridge B2T safely can be used clinically and can provide full extracorporeal support for patients in cardiac or pulmonary failure. Flows up to 3.9 +/- 0.2l/min were reached, with an inflow pressure of -103 +/- 13mmHg, using a 21Fr. BioMedicus (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) venous cannula. The "Plug and Play" philosophy, with semi-automatic priming, integrated check-list, a long battery time of over two hours and instinctively designed user interface, makes this device very interesting for units with high-risk interventions, such as catheterisation labs. If a system is necessary in an emergency unit, the Lifebridge can provide a high security level, even in centres not acquainted with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Professional Linux Kernel Architecture (2008)

Find an introduction to the architecture, concepts and algorithms of the Linux kernel in Professional Linux Kernel Architecture, a guide to the kernel sources and large number of connections among subsystems. Find an introduction to the relevant structures and functions exported by the kernel to userland, understand the theoretical and conceptual aspects of the Linux kernel and Unix derivatives, and gain a deeper understanding of the kernel. Learn how to reduce the vast amount of information contained in the kernel sources and obtain the skills necessary to understand the kernel sources.
HIF1 Activity in Granulosa Cells Is Required for FSH-Regulated Vegfa Expression and Follicle Survival in Mice1 (2014)

Recent evidence has suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is an important regulator of ovarian follicle development and survival. Both LH and FSH regulate Vegfa expression in granulosa cells and signal via the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1). To further study the mechanism of action of HIF1 in the regulation of Vegfa, we studied Vegfa(delta/delta) mice, which lack a hypoxia response element in the Vegfa promoter. Granulosa cells from Vegfa(delta/delta) mice failed to respond to FSH or LH with an increase in Vegfa mRNA expression in vitro, and granulosa cells isolated from eCG-treated immature Vegfa(delta/delta) mice had significantly lower Vegfa mRNA levels compared to controls. However, normal Vegfa mRNA levels were detected in the granulosa cells from immature Vegfa(delta/delta) mice following hCG treatment. Vegfa(delta/delta) females produced infrequent litters, and their pups died shortly after birth. Ovaries from Vegfa(delta/delta) mice were much smaller than controls and contained few antral follicles and corpora lutea. Antral follicles numbers were decreased by nearly 50% in ovaries from Vegfa(delta/delta) mice relative to controls, and 74% of antral follicles in Vegfa(delta/delta) ovaries were atretic. Serum progesterone levels in adult Vegfa(delta/delta) females were significantly lower, apparently reflecting reduced numbers of corpora lutea. This study demonstrates for the first time the requirement of HIF1 for FSH-regulated Vegfa expression in vivo and that HIF1 acts via a single hypoxia response element in the Vegfa promoter to exert its regulatory functions. Our findings also further define the physiological role of VEGFA in follicle development.