gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Soil Cover with Volcanic Ash from Mt. Unzen-Fugendake on the Growth of Cucumber and Gaseous Environment in the Rhizosphere. (1994)

Cucumber plants were grown in the pots cantaining the soil covered with volcanic ash from Mt. Unzen-Fugendake, and the concentration of C02 and 02 in the soil was measured during the cucumber growth. Diffusion of 02 was also measured in the volcanic ashes from Mt. Unzen-Fugendake and Mt. Sakurajima, and in the soil. The 02 diffusion coefficients were much smaller in the volcanic ashes than in the soil. In the rhizosphere, the concentration of C02 increased and that of 02 decreased under the soil cover with the volcanic ash. This was attributed to the slower exchanges of C02 and 02 between the atmosphere and the soil through the volcanic ash layer. The cucumber growth in the pots with thesoil cover was slower than in the control pots. The increased C02 concentration in the rhizosphere may be the cause of the growth reduction.
FPRaker: A Processing Element For Accelerating Neural Network Training (2021)

We present FPRaker, a processing element for composing training accelerators. FPRaker processes several floating-point multiply-accumulation operations concurrently and accumulates their result into a higher precision accumulator. FPRaker boosts performance and energy efficiency during training by taking advantage of the values that naturally appear during training. It processes the significand of the operands of each multiply-accumulate as a series of signed powers of two. The conversion to this form is done on-the-fly. This exposes ineffectual work that can be skipped: values when encoded have few terms and some of them can be discarded as they would fall outside the range of the accumulator given the limited precision of floating-point. FPRaker also takes advantage of spatial correlation in values across channels and uses delta-encoding off-chip to reduce memory footprint and bandwidth. We demonstrate that FPRaker can be used to compose an accelerator for training and that it can improve performance and energy efficiency compared to using optimized bit-parallel floating-point units under iso-compute area constraints. We also demonstrate that FPRaker delivers additional benefits when training incorporates pruning and quantization. Finally, we show that FPRaker naturally amplifies performance with training methods that use a different precision per layer.
p38 MAP kinase regulates IL-1β responses in cultured airway smooth muscle cells (2000)

We have previously reported that interleukin (IL)-1 beta causes beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness in cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells by increasing cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is involved in these events. IL-1 beta (2 ng/ml for 15 min) increased p38 phosphorylation fourfold. The p38 inhibitor SB-203580 (3 microM) decreased IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 by 70 +/- 7% (P < 0.01). SB-203580 had no effect on PGE(2) release in control cells but caused a significant (70-80%) reduction in PGE(2) release in IL-1 beta-treated cells. IL-1 beta increased the binding of nuclear proteins to the oligonucleotides encoding the consensus sequences for activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, but SB-203580 did not affect this binding, suggesting that the mechanism of action of p38 was not through AP-1 or NF-kappa B activation. The NF-kappa B inhibitor MG-132 did not alter IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 expression, indicating that NF-kappa B activation is not required for IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 expression in HASM cells. IL-1 beta attenuated isoproterenol-induced decreases in HASM stiffness as measured by magnetic twisting cytometry, and SB-203580 abolished this effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that p38 is involved in the signal transduction pathway through which IL-1 beta induces COX-2 expression, PGE(2) release, and beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness.
Determination of Quadrupole Charging in MS/MS Instruments (2010)

The ion optics of a MS/MS detector can be referred to as the lens and quadrupoles that compose the ion path that guide and focus the ionized molecules from the first quadrupole to the electron multiplier.
WLBK Handout October 2014 (2014)

Handout prepared for a talk given by Allison Littlejohn to CISI Annual conference, London, 9 October 2014
Solubilization and characterization of active neurotensin receptors from mouse brain. (1988)

Neurotensin receptors were solubilized from mouse brain using the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS). The binding of 125I-labeled [Tyr3]neurotensin to the soluble fraction was time-dependent, saturable, and reversible. Unlabeled neurotensin and its analogues acetylneurotensin (8-13), neurotensin (9-13), and neurotensin (1-12) competitively antagonized the binding of 125I-labeled [Tyr3]neurotensin to CHAPS-solubilized extracts with relative potencies similar to those observed with membrane-bound receptors. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data indicated that the soluble extract contained a single class of neurotensin binding sites with a Kd of 0.36 nM and a Bm of 63 fmol/mg. As already observed with membrane-bound receptors, the affinity of neurotensin for the soluble binding activity was decreased by Na+ ions. By contrast, soluble receptors were no longer sensitive to GTP and the antihistamine drug levocabastine. A molecular weight of about 100,000 was determined for soluble neurotensin receptors both under native conditions by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34 and under denaturating conditions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after photoaffinity labeling.
Neuroactive Type-A γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Allosteric Modulator Steroids from the Hypobranchial Gland of Marine Mollusk, Conus geographus (2021)

In a program to identify pain treatments with low addiction potential, we isolated five steroids, conosteroids A-E (<b>1</b>-<b>5</b>), from the hypobranchial gland of the mollusk <i>Conus geographus</i>. Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>5</b> were active in a mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) assay that suggested that they might be analgesic. A synthetic analogue <b>6</b> was used for a detailed pharmacological study. Compound <b>6</b> significantly increased the pain threshold in mice in the hot-plate test at 2 and 50 mg/kg. Compound <b>6</b> at 500 nM antagonizes type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs). In a patch-clamp experiment, out of the six subunit combinations tested, <b>6</b> exhibited subtype selectivity, most strongly antagonizing α<sub>1</sub>β<sub>1</sub>γ<sub>2</sub> and α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>3</sub>γ<sub>2</sub> receptors (IC<sub>50</sub> 1.5 and 1.0 μM, respectively). Although the structures of <b>1</b>-<b>6</b> differ from those of known neuroactive steroids, they are cell-type-selective modulators of GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs, expanding the known chemical space of neuroactive steroids.
Human Listeriosis Caused byListeria ivanovii (2009)

Two species of Listeria are pathogenic; L. monocytogenes infects humans and animals, and L. ivanovii has been considered to infect ruminants only. We report L. ivanovii-associated gastroenteritis and bacteremia in a man. This isolate was indistinguishable from prototypic ruminant strains. L. ivanovii is thus an enteric opportunistic human pathogen.
Extemporaneous Procedures for Dissolving Risedronate Tablets for Oral Administration and for Feeding Tubes (2004)

BACKGROUND: Risedronate (Actonel, Procter &amp; Gamble Pharmaceuticals) is commercially available only as film-coated tablets. Extemporaneous procedures for dissolving tablets for feeding tubes and for preparation of an oral liquid have not previously been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate procedures for dissolving risedronate sodium tablets for administration in liquid form and drug recovery following dissolution in cups and following passage through different types of feeding tubes. METHODS: Tablets (5 and 35 mg) were individually dispersed in 2 oz of water. After 2 minutes, the solution was stirred for 30 seconds, dispensed, and rinsed with an additional 4 oz of water. The sample was filtered and analyzed by HPLC. Ten replicates were performed using the various cups. Gastrostomy and nasoenteric tubes were flushed with 1 oz of water. Individual tablets were dispersed in 2 oz of water; after 2 minutes, the solution was stirred for 30 seconds and poured through the tube and flushed with 1 oz of water. Samples were filtered and analyzed by HPLC. Ten replicates were performed for each type of feeding tube. RESULTS: For cups, the mean amount of drug recovered ranged from 95.7% to 100.5% of the label claim, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) range of 1.1–6.3%. For gastrostomy and nasoenteric tubes, the mean amount of drug recovered ranged from 98.3% to 101.9% of label claim, with an RSD range of 0.9–3.3%. CONCLUSIONS: A simple and accurate procedure was developed for dissolving risedronate tablets in water to prepare a liquid formulation for administration orally or through feeding tubes.
Simplified Asymptotic Equations for the Transition to Detonation in Reactive Granular Materials (1992)

In this paper a simplified asymptotic system of equations to describe combustion in reactive granular materials is derived. In contrast with one-phase flow, the continuum equations for two-phase flow develop resonant behavior at choked flow states, where one of the gas-acoustic speeds equals the solid particle speed. The asymptotic model is valid near these choked flow states and near ignition temperature conditions , and incorporates nonlinear resonant effects of gas acoustic waves, compaction of the granular material, and grain burning. The asymptotic system is derived with a combination of nonlinear geometrical optics and large activation energy asymptotics near the resonant point. A general abstract derivation of the asymptotic system is provided, and the results are then specialized to the continuum equations for reactive granular materials. Thus, the derivation developed here should prove useful in developing simplified asymptotic equations in other contexts in multiphase flow as well as other physical problems involving the coupling of several complex hyperbolic systems. For the special case of reactive granular materials, a detailed discussion of the physical connections between the asymptotic model and the continuum system is also developed.
PROSTAGLANDINS: ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 IN THE RAT (1977)

1. The antinociceptive effect of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2alpha was studied in albino rats. Though all three prostaglandins produced similar degrees of sedation, only prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) produced a dose-related antinociceptive activity. 2. The antinociceptive activities of equi-analgesic doses of morphine (7.5. mg/kg, i.p.) and PGE1 (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) were inhibited to almost similar extents after pretreatment with drugs known to reduce central turnover of serotonin receptors, namely reserpine, fenclonine (p-chlorophenylalanine), methysergide and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. 3. Prostaglandin F2alpha (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited the antinociceptive effects of both morphine and PGE1. 4. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, indomethacin and diclofenac, significantly inhibited morphine analgesia. 5. Probenecid markedly prolonged the duration of antinociceptive effect of morphine and the duration of PGE1-induced potentiation of subanalgesic dose of morphine. 6. The results suggest that, in albino rats, PGE1-induced antinociceptive activity is serotonin mediated and that morphine analgesia is not only mediated through serotonin but also through prostaglandins (PGE1 ?) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, the serotonin metabolite.
Multi-Frequency Model Reduction for Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Vibroacoustics of Automobiles (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper deals with the vibroacoustics of complex systems over a broad frequency band of analysis. The considered system is composed of a complex structure coupled with an internal acoustic cavity. The vibroacoustics model is represented by the usual global-displacements elastic modes associated with the main part, and by local elastic modes, associated with the preponderant vibrations of the flexible sub-parts. The main difficulty of the vibroacoustics analysis of complex system is the interweaving of the global displacements with the local displacements, which introduces an overlap of the usual three frequency domains (LF, MF and HF). A reduced-order computational vibroacoustic model constructed with a classical modal analysis is introduced. Nevertheless, the dimension of such reduced-order model (ROM) is still high when the frequency band of analysis overlaps for each frequency domain. A multi-level reduced-order model for the structure is constructed over the LF, MF, and HF bands. The strategy is based on a multi-level projection consisting in introducing three reduced-order bases that are obtained by using a filtering methodology of local displacements. To filter out the local displacements we introduce a set of global shape functions. In addition, a classical ROM using acoustic modes is implemented for the acoustic cavity. Then, the coupling between the multi-level reduced order model and the acoustic reduced-order model is presented. A nonparametric probabilistic modeling is then proposed to take into account the model uncertainties induced by modeling errors that increase with the frequency. The proposed approach is applied to a car.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Inverse design of nanostructured surfaces for color effects (2013)

We propose an inverse design methodology for systematic design of nanostructured surfaces for color effects. The methodology is based on a 2D topology optimization formulation based on frequency-domain finite element simulations for E and/or H polarized waves. The goal of the optimization is to maximize color intensity in prescribed direction(s) for a prescribed color (RGB) vector. Results indicate that nanostructured surfaces with any desirable color vector can be generated; that complex structures can generate more intense colors than simple layerings; that angle independent colorings can be obtained at the cost of reduced intensity; and that performance and optimized surface topologies are relatively independent on light polarization.
Developing a Module to Teach Thermodynamics in an Integrated Way to 16 Year Old Pupils (2018)

In order to motivate secondary school pupils for STEM studies and professions, a teaching approach with a focus on integration of STEM components is developed. This paper focuses on the integration of physics and mathematics into an engineering design problem in K10 education, namely building and heating a model of a passive house with a sun boiler. Specific attention is given to the core ideas of integrated STEM while developing this module. These applied ideas comprise problem-centered and cooperative learning, with explicit attention to research and design, as well as taking into account results from discipline specific educational research results.
A vibrating diaphragm pressure measuring system (1969)

Vibrating diaphragm gas pressure measuring system based on membrane damping, applying to prototype atmospheric entry probes
Differential regulation of full-length genome and a single-stranded 7S DNA along the cell cycle in human mitochondria (2010)

Mammalian mitochondria contain full-length genome and a single-stranded 7S DNA. Although the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) varies depending on the cell type and also in response to diverse environmental stresses, our understanding of how mtDNA and 7S DNA are maintained and regulated is limited, partly due to lack of reliable in vitro assay systems that reflect the in vivo functionality of mitochondria. Here we report an in vitro assay system to measure synthesis of both mtDNA and 7S DNA under a controllable in vitro condition. With this assay system, we demonstrate that the replication capacity of mitochondria correlates with endogenous copy numbers of mtDNA and 7S DNA. Our study also shows that higher nucleotide concentrations increasingly promote 7S DNA synthesis but not mtDNA synthesis. Consistently, the mitochondrial capacity to synthesize 7S DNA but not mtDNA noticeably varied along the cell cycle, reaching its highest level in S phase. These findings suggest that syntheses of mtDNA and 7S DNA proceed independently and that the mitochondrial capacity to synthesize 7S DNA dynamically changes not only with cell-cycle progression but also in response to varying nucleotide concentrations.
<title>Max-mean and max-median filters for detection of small targets</title> (1999)

This paper deals with the problem of detection and tracking of low observable small-targets from a sequence of IR images against structural background and non-stationary clutter. There are many algorithms reported in the open literature for detection and tracking of targets of significant size in the image plane with good results. However, the difficulties of detecting small-targets arise from the fact that they are not easily discernable from clutter. The focus of research in this area is to reduce the false alarm rate to an acceptable level. Triple Temporal Filter reported by Jerry Silverman et. al., is one of the promising algorithms in this are. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of Max-Mean and Max-Median filters in preserving the edges of clouds and structural backgrounds, which helps in detecting small-targets. Subsequently, anti-mean and anti-median operations result in good performance of detecting targets against moving clutter. The raw image is first filtered by max-mean/max-median filter. Then the filtered output is subtracted from the original image to enhance the potential targets. A thresholding step is incorporated in order to limit the number of potential target pixels. The threshold is obtained by using the statistics of the image. Finally, the thresholded images are accumulated so that the moving target forms a continuous trajectory and can be detected by using the post-processing algorithm. It is assumed that most of the targets occupy a couple of pixels. Head-on moving and maneuvering targets are not considered. These filters have ben tested successfully with the available database and the result are presented.
Introduction to Career Dynamics in a Global World (2020)

In their introduction to the book Career Dynamics in a Global World: Indian and Western Perspectives, the authors ask: do Western career concepts and practices interfere with our understanding of careers in other parts of the world? They identify four drivers behind the evolution of careers today – globalization, culture, convergence-divergence and gender roles – and describe how different combinations of these drivers give rise to a range of topics on which Indian and Western perspectives can be compared. Those topics – on self and career, social entrepreneurship as a career choice, stepping off the career ladder, MBA careers across the globe, breaking and re-entry, academic careers, careers in IT and opting out or staying in – provide the titles of each part of the book under which one Indian and one Western chapter are presented. Readers are invited to more deeply appreciate the career phenomena involved, as well as the challenges in seeking to move from research to practice.
Low-level light treatment ameliorates immune thrombocytopenia (2016)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated acquired bleeding disorder characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. We reported here the ability of low-level light treatment (LLLT) to alleviate ITP in mice. The treatment is based on noninvasive whole body illumination 30 min a day for a few consecutive days by near infrared light (830 nm) transmitted by an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LLLT significantly lifted the nadir of platelet counts and restored tail bleeding time when applied to two passive ITP models induced by anti-CD41 antibody. The anti-platelet antibody hindered megakaryocyte differentiation from the progenitors, impaired proplatelet and platelet formation, and induced apoptosis of platelets. These adverse effects of anti-CD41 antibody were all mitigated by LLLT to varying degrees, owing to its ability to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in megakaryocytes and preserve mitochondrial functions in platelets in the presence of the antibody. The observations argue not only for contribution of mitochondrial stress to the pathology of ITP, but also clinical potentials of LLLT as a safe, simple, and cost-effective modality of ITP.
PARAMETERIZATION USING MANIFOLDS (2004)

There are a variety of surface types (such as meshes and implicit surfaces) that lack a natural parameterization. We believe that manifolds are a natural method for representing parameterizations because of their ability to handle arbitrary topology and represent smooth surfaces. Manifolds provide a formal mechanism for creating local, overlapping parameterization and defining the functions that map between them. In this paper we present specific manifolds for several genus types (sphere, plane, n-holed tori, and cylinder) and an algorithm for establishing a bijective function between an input mesh and the manifold of the appropriate genus. This bijective function is used to define a smooth embedding of the manifold that approximates or interpolates the mesh. The smooth embedding is used to calculate analytical quantities, such as curvature and area, which can then be mapped back to the mesh.Possible applications include texture mapping, surface fitting, arbitrary topology surface modeling, feature detection, and surface comparison.
Drug Development and Conservation in West and Central Africa/Performance of Neurochemical and Radio Receptor Assays of Plant Extracts (2002)

Abstract : The main objective of these studies was to study the CNS activity of these plant fractions using specific radio ligand binding assays to identify their selectivity profiles as well as to determine their functional activities as either a full or partial agonist or antagonist.
Deficiency in B7-H1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 Coinhibition Triggers Pancreatic β-Cell Destruction by Insulin-Specific, Murine CD8 T-Cells (2010)

An imbalance between costimulator (B7.1) and coinhibitor (B7-H1) signals on pancreatic beta-cells can trigger pancreatic beta-cell-destruction by preproinsulin-specific CD8 T-cells. Hence, regulation of the susceptibility of the beta-cells for a preproinsulin-specific CD8 T-cell attack can allow or suppress EAD.