gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subtilisin-like proteases in plantâ€“pathogen recognition and immune priming: a perspective (2014)

Subtilisin-like proteases (subtilases) are serine proteases that fulfill highly specific functions in plant development and signaling cascades. Over the last decades, it has been shown that several subtilases are specifically induced following pathogen infection and very recently an Arabidopsis subtilase (SBT3.3) was hypothesized to function as a receptor located in the plasma membrane activating downstream immune signaling processes. Despite their prevalence and potential relevance in the regulation of plant defense mechanisms and crop improvement, our current understanding of subtilase function is still very limited. In this perspective article, we overview the current status and highlight the involvement of subtilases in pathogen recognition and immune priming.
Lessons Learned from Analyzing Dynamic Promotion for User-Level Threading (2018)

A performance vs. practicality trade-off exists between user-level threading techniques. The community has settled mostly on a black-and-white perspective; fully fledged threads assume that suspension is imminent and incur overheads when suspension does not take place, and run-to-completion threads are more lightweight but less practical since they cannot suspend. Gray areas exist, however, whereby threads can start with minimal capabilities and then can be dynamically promoted to acquire additional capabilities when needed. This paper investigates the full spectrum of threading techniques from a performance vs. practicality trade-off perspective on modern multicore and many-core systems. Our results indicate that achieving the best trade-off highly depends on the suspension likelihood; dynamic promotion is more appropriate when suspension is unlikely and represents a solid replacement for run to completion, thanks to its lower programming constraints, while fully fledged threads remain the technique of choice when suspension likelihood is high.
[Studies on acidity of chloroaluminate ionic liquids and its catalytic performance for alkylation of benzene with long-chain alkenes]. (2007)

The acidity of chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs) was determined by using pyridine and acetonitrile as IR spectroscopic probes. Based on the characterization method of acidity of solid acid, IR vCCN absorption frequencies of pyridine in ionic liquids were assigned. By using the pyridine probe, it was found that when the anion molar composition x of ionic liquid varies within 0.4-0.5, ionic liquids exhibit weak Lewis acidity. Strongly basic molecular pyridine can be used as a probe to measure the acidity of ionic liquids whether their acidity is strong or weak, while weakly basic molecular acetonitrile is only fit for strong acid. In addition, the Lewis acidity-activity correlation for the chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalyst in the alkylation reaction was studied. The weakly acidic ILs with x < or = 0.5 does not exhibit any catalytic activity in the alkylation reaction. When the anion molar composition x is more than 0.55, the activity of ionic liquids is greatly enhanced due to the increase in the strength of the strong Lewis acidic species Al2Cl7-. But with the increase in alkenes conversion, the selectivity of 2-alkylbenzene is slightly reduced.
Visible-light-mediated oxidative arylation of vinylarenes under aerobic conditions (2014)

A mild and efficient method for the photocatalytic oxidative arylation of vinylarenes to generate 1,2-diarylated ethanones has been developed.
Human Factors and the United States Military (2016)

For nearly 75 years, the United States military has partnered with human factors researchers and practitioners to improve its effectiveness by designing better systems and contributing to a better understanding of human-system performance. Aviation, for example, has been one of several domains to reap numerous benefits from this partnership. Still, there is an enormous amount of research requiring human factors expertise in the years to come. This panel will discuss the current state and benefits of military human factors research and identify areas of future collaboration.
Portable Visibility Warning System for the Safety of Highways (2010)

Visibility is critical to the task of driving and reduction in visibility due to fog, smoke or other weather events such as heavy rain is a major traffic operation and safety concern. In Florida, these conditions could be a result of sudden dense fog, fires (whether wild or controlled), and heavy pockets of rain or hail. Real time measurement of visibility may help in warning the drivers when the visibility falls below certain acceptable levels. Devices measuring visibility are the key toward that objective. This paper reports on the design of a visibility warning and detection system that detects any reduction in visibility below a certain limit that would be considered hazardous for normal traffic flow conditions. This system can also respond accordingly in real time to convey specific warning messages to drivers in an effective way and report this information to the appropriate Traffic Management Center (TMC). The innovation in this system is that it was developed from components that are inexpensive and available commercially. Also, this system can be employed as portable or fixed system. A fixed system might be useful in areas that tend to have dense fog (for example, rural sections of freeways). However, the portable system can be used every time a wildfire occurs close to a highway. The system components and a preliminary testing for the system's performance are discussed and presented in this paper.
<title>DriftWeed: a visual metaphor for interactive analysis of multivariate data</title> (2000)

We present a visualization technique that allows a user to identify and detect patterns and structures within a multivariate data set. Our research builds on previous efforts to represent multivariate data in a 2D information display through the use of icon plots. Although the icon plot work done by Pickett and Brinstein is similar to our approach, we improve on their efforts in several ways. Our technique allows analysis of a time series without using animation; promotes visual differentiation of information clusters based on measures of variance; and facilitates exploration through direct manipulation of geometry based on scales of variance. Our goal is to provide a visualization that implicitly conveys the degree to which an elements ordered collection of attributes varies from the prevailing pattern of attributes for other elements in the collection. We apply this technique to multivariate abstract data nd use it to locate exceptional elements in a data set and divisions among clusters.
A 120kV IGBT modulator for driving a pierce electron gun (2004)

An IGBT modulator has been developed to drive a 120 kV, 23 A Pierce electron gun. The modulator is capable of producing pulses up to 10 mus in width at repetition rates up to 10 Hz with no active reset. The pulse rise time on the electron gun will be approximately 2 mus and the remaining 8 mus of flattop is tuned to have a ripple of less than 1 percent rms. The modulator technology was developed from a previous 50 kV prototype. The modulator consists of six boards, each with one EUPEC IGBT that drives a single common step-up transformer wound on METGLAS 2605 SC cores. The six transformer cores share a common bifilar output secondary winding. The modulator uses a fiber optic trigger system and has a high voltage cable output with an epoxy receptacle on the oil end and a ceramic receptacle on the vacuum end. The 120 kV electron gun was manufactured by MDS Co. and will be used to generate sheet electron beams from the standard pencil beam produced by the Pierce electron gun
Novel N-terminal mutation of human apolipoprotein A-I reduces self-association and impairs LCAT activation (2010)

We have identified a novel mutation in apoA-I (serine 36 to alanine; S36A) in a human subject with severe hypoalphalipoproteinemia. The mutation is located in the N-terminal region of the protein, which has been implicated in several functions, including lipid binding and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. In the present study, the S36A protein was produced recombinantly and characterized both structurally and functionally. While the helical content of the mutant protein was lower compared with wild-type (WT) apoA-I, it retained its helical character. The protein stability, measured as the resistance to guanidine-induced denaturation, decreased significantly. Interestingly, native gel electrophoresis, cross-linking, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis showed that the S36A mutant was primarily present as a monomer, notably different from the WT protein, which showed considerable oligomeric forms. Although the ability of S36A apoA-I to solubilize phosphatidylcholine vesicles and bind to lipoprotein surfaces was not altered, a significantly impaired LCAT activation compared with the WT protein was observed. These results implicate a region around S36 in apoA-I self-association, independent of the intact C terminus. Furthermore, the region around S36 in the N-terminus of human apoA-I is necessary for LCAT activation.
Structure and Properties of Polyurethanes Prepared from Triglyceride Polyols by Ozonolysis (2005)

Ozonolysis was used to obtain polyols with terminal primary hydroxyl groups and different functionalities from trilinolein (or triolein), low-saturation canola oil, and soybean oil. The functionality of the model polyol from triolein (trilinolein) was 3.0 and that of soy polyol was 2.5, due to the presence of unreactive saturated fatty acids, while canola gave a polyol with a functionality of 2.8. All polyols exhibited a high tendency to crystallize at room temperature. The resulting waxes had melting points comparable to that of paraffin and very low viscosities in the liquid state. The polyols were cross-linked using 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) to give polyurethanes. Glass transitions (T(g)) for the model-, canola-, and soy-based polyurethanes were 53, 36, and 22 degrees C, respectively. The about 30 degrees C lower T(g) of the soy-based polyurethane than that of the model polyurethane was the result not only of lower functionality but also of the presence of saturated fatty acids in the former. Polyurethane from the canola polyol had intermediate cross-linking density and properties. These polyurethanes displayed excellent mechanical properties and higher glass transition temperatures compared to polyurethanes from epoxidized and hydroformylated polyols of the same functionality, presumably due to the absence or lower content of dangling chains in the former.
Ranging in the IEEE 802.15.4a Standard (2006)

The emerging IEEE 802.15.4a standard is the first international standard that specifies a wireless physical layer to enable precision ranging. In this article, ranging signal waveforms and ranging protocols adopted into the standard are discussed in a tutorial manner
Alternate antigen processing in the presence of gamma interferon may misdirect the immune recognition of cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Degradation of cellular proteins by the proteasome is critical for the generation of MHC-associated peptides. The constitutive proteasome and the IFNγ-induced immunoproteasome (IP) differ in the use of three catalytic β subunits, which alters production of MHC class I epitopes.
Breast-feeding in Bangkok, Thailand: Current status, maternal knowledge, attitude and social support (1999)

The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding was relatively low. Antenatal plans for exclusive breast-feeding and newborn feeding type in hospital after birth may play key roles in the duration of exclusive breast-feeding. These findings suggest the importance of strengthening implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital policy and prenatal health education regarding breast-feeding.
High Speed Sintering - Early Research into a New Rapid Manufacturing Process (2004)

Rapid Manufacturing (the production of end use products by layer manufacturing techniques) has grown significantly in recent years and has started to revolutionise some areas of manufacturing. Among the main drawbacks for commercially available techniques are machine cost and build speed. This paper describes some initial research into a new process called High Speed Sintering. The High Speed Sintering process (UK patent No. 0317387.9) involves the sintering of 2D profiles of layers of powder without the need for a laser. Experiments performed on a simple lab apparatus have shown how the addition of carbon black to standard nylon powder can increase the rate of sintering such that an entire layer may be sintered in 5 seconds using an infra-red lamp. The effects of composition of carbon black on material properties are shown and may be traded off against build speed. Thermal control of the process is vital and the effects of altering the position and power used with an infra-red lamp are presented. Eliminating a laser reduces machine cost and build time, combining these factors will make the High Speed Sintering process suitable for high volume manufacture. Cost predictions show that the process will be viable for the manufacture of standard products in volumes over 100,000.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors Blocks PI3K/AKT Signaling, Induces Apoptosis, and Impairs Mammary Tumor Outgrowth and Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors Blocks PI3K/AKT Signaling, Induces Apoptosis, and Impairs Mammary Tumor Outgrowth and Metastasis
Synthesis of Novel Thioglycoside Analogs as the Substrates and/or the Inhibitors of Cellobiohydrolases (2011)

A series of β-(1→4)-thiooligosaccharide analogs, O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-S-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-D-glucopyranose (1: Glc-O-Glc-S-Glc), S-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→4)-O-(4-deoxy-4-thio-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose (2: Glc-S-Glc-O-Glc), S-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-D-glucopyranose (3: Glc-S-Glc), O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-S-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-4-deoxy-4-thio-D-glucopyranose (4: Gal-O-Glc-S-Glc) and O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-S-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O- (4-deoxy-4-thio-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-glucopyranose (5: Glc-O-Glc-S-Glc-O-Glc), including novel compounds were synthesized for the substrates and/or the inhibitors of cellobiohydrolases for the evaluation of cellulolytic activities. The triflated acceptors were constructed in two reaction steps, regioselective benzoylation and triflation. After S-glycosylation of these triflated acceptors, acyl protecting group was deprotected to yield target compounds. In this way, all target compounds were successfully synthesized in short-step (four reaction steps).
Minimum Distance Queries for Polygonal and Parametric Models (1997)

Abstract : Calculation of the minimum distance to a geometric object or the minimum separation between objects is a fundamental problem that has application in a variety of arenas. Minimum separation queries for sculptured surfaces are believed particularly difficult, yet are increasingly important as modeling problems grow larger and interactivity demands grow more stringent. We present a set of algorithms based on easy to compute bounds that allows efficient solution of minimum separation queries for many types of surface representations. These algorithms have simple and robust implementations and have average case performance matching the most efficient theoretical algorithms. These algorithms are tested in an interactive application designed to be the front-end of a haptic display system for virtual prototyping of assemblies.
Antibacterial Effect of Donor Corneas Stored in Gentamicin-Enriched McCarey-Kaufman Medium (1986)

Penetrating keratoplasty was performed on five pairs of rabbit eyes; one eye of each animal received a donor cornea stored in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium containing gentamicin, and the contralateral eye received a donor cornea stored in M-K medium without gentamicin. At the end of surgery, dilutions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were introduced into the anterior chamber of both eyes. The eyes receiving gentamicin-enriched corneas showed mild to moderate infection; the contralateral eyes showed significantly more severe infection. The results indicated that donor corneas stored in gentamicin-enriched M-K medium inhibit the growth of bacteria acquired at the time of surgery and thus may improve the safety of such transplantation procedures.
Supply Chain Visibility: A decision making perspective (2009)

The objective of this paper is to analyze Supply Chain Visibility (SCV) which is ill-defined and to provide a comprehensive understanding of SCV from a collaborative decision making perspective. A literature review has been conducted to understand the meanings of the extensively used jargon of supply chain visibility. The characteristics of SCV have been conceptually analyzed and a comprehensive definition for it has been proposed to clear the confusion of its usages. SCV is a unique expression specific to the field of supply chain management and logistics. Currently, there are various definitions of which tackled different issues from different perspectives. A common definition/understanding of SCV can be induced after treating these definitions from a collaborative decision making perspective. A comprehensive understanding of SCV is beneficial to supply chain professionals to clearly communicate about SCV which is a critical issue for many companies keen to operate in an end-to-end environment. The definition of SCV presented in this paper is comprehensive and novel. It helps model and assess SCV for better supply chain decision making.
Carbon: The future of nanoelectronics (2009)

In the future of nanoelectronics, the exclusive use of silicon-based devices will be very unlikely since the scaling limits of silicon will be reached soon. Carbon seems to be a superb alternative to build high-performance electronic devices. Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors can be used as active devices in integrated circuits, as memory cells or as sensors in numerous applications. More recently, graphene-based transistors are emerging as another potential candidate to replace traditional MOSFETs. This contribution will give a brief overview on recent developments in carbon-based nanoelectronics.
Subdivision schemes in geometric modelling (2002)

Subdivision schemes are efficient computational methods for the design and representation of 3D surfaces of arbitrary topology. They are also a tool for the generation of refinable functions, which are instrumental in the construction of wavelets. This paper presents various flavours of subdivision, seasoned by the personal viewpoint of the authors, which is mainly concerned with geometric modelling. Our starting point is the general setting of scalar multivariate nonstationary schemes on regular grids. We also briefly review other classes of schemes, such as schemes on general nets, matrix schemes, non-uniform schemes and nonlinear schemes. Different representations of subdivision schemes, and several tools for the analysis of convergence, smoothness and approximation order are discussed, followed by explanatory examples.
Lactose derivatives are inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase activity toward conventional substrates in vitro and in vivo (2004)

Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects about 18 million people in Latin America, and no effective treatment is available to date. To acquire sialic acid from the host glycoconjugates, T. cruzi expresses an unusual surface sialidase with trans-sialidase activity (TcTS) that transfers the sugar to parasite mucins. Surface sialic acid was shown to have relevant functions in protection of the parasite against the lysis by complement and in mammalian host cell invasion. The recently determined 3D structure of TcTS allowed a detailed analysis of its catalytic site and showed the presence of a lactose-binding site where the beta-linked galactose accepting the sialic acid is placed. In this article, the acceptor substrate specificity of lactose derivatives was studied by high pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulse amperometric detection. The lactose open chain derivatives lactitol and lactobionic acid, as well as other derivatives, were found to be good acceptors of sialic acid. Lactitol, which was the best of the ones tested, effectively inhibited the transfer of sialic acid to N-acetyllactosamine. Furthermore, lactitol inhibited parasite mucins re-sialylation when incubated with live trypanosomes and TcTS. Lactitol also diminished the T. cruzi infection in cultured Vero cells by 20-27%. These results indicate that compounds directed to the lactose binding site might be good inhibitors of TcTS.
Growth and evaluation of GaN with SiN interlayer by MOCVD (2003)

GaN epilayers grown with introducing a high-temperature SiN interlayer by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) were investigated by means of XRD, AFM, and TEM. SiN4 was used as Si source for SiN growth. It was found that by inserting the SiN layer, the subsequently grown GaN layers have a lower threading dislocation density with respect to that in the conventional GaN films. The dislocations were observed to terminate at the SiN/GaN interface, where Si incorporations may occur. It suggests that the quality of the GaN epilayers has been improved by introducing the optimised grown HT-SiN interlayer.
Induction of Bovine Sperm Capacitation by TEST-Yolk Semen Extender (1989)

Ejaculated bull semen was diluted 1:10 in the TEST-yolk buffer, cooled slowly to 4 degrees C, and stored for up to 48 h. Aliquots were taken at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h and washed once or three times in bovine serum albumin-saline and the sperm pellets resuspended in this saline. Fertilization of zona-free hamster oocytes was used to assess sperm capacitation. Motility differed between samples washed once or three times (53.7 vs. 21.7%). Motility was highest at 4 h storage but did not differ between 16, 24, or 48 h of storage. More sperm without intact acrosomes were found at 4 h than at 0 h, but the percentage did not change further until after 24 h. Penetration of oocytes was not different between sperm washed once or three times (28.5 vs. 26.9%). No penetration occurred at 0 h, and highest penetration rates occurred at 4 and 8 h of storage (32.1 and 33.4%). Penetration rates at 16, 24, and 48 h were not different (25.3, 25.2, 22.5%). In conclusion, storage of bull sperm in TEST-yolk buffer for 4 to 48 h resulted in capacitation. Even though capacitation was induced by 4 h, at least 71% of the sperm population had not undergone an acrosome reaction by 48 h of storage. This may explain why penetrability was maintained over this period.