gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mother-to-infant transmission of the carcinogenic colibactin-producing bacteria (2020)

Abstract While colibactin-producing Escherichia coli is linked to colorectal oncogenesis, its infection route remains poorly characterized. Here, analysis of fecal samples of infants over the first month of birth for the presence of a colibactin biosynthetic gene revealed that the bacterium may be transmitted from mother to infant through intimate contacts, such as natural childbirth and breastfeeding. This finding suggests the possibility of developing early preventive measures against colorectal cancer.
Perpendicular Organization of Macromolecules:  Synthesis and Alignment Studies of a Soluble Poly(iptycene) (2005)

We describe herein a polymeric material that prefers to align perpendicular to a stretch-aligned polymer host in the solid state. Poly(iptycene) poly-1 was synthesized from monomer 1 under hyperbaric techniques via a Diels-Alder polymerization. Polarized excitation spectra of the anthracene end groups in this material in a stretch-aligned, solution-cast poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film showed that the poly(iptycene) prefers to align normal (counter aspect ratio) to the stretching direction of the PVC. This is explained by a "threading" mechanism, whereby the PVC intercalates through the internal free volume presented by poly-1, similar to effects observed in small molecule iptycenes under similar conditions.
Battery Thermal Management Design Modeling (2007)

Battery thermal management is critical in achieving performance and the extended life of batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles under real-driving conditions. Appropriate modeling for predicting thermal behavior of battery systems in vehicles helps to make decisions for improved design and shortens the development process. For this paper, we looked at the impact of cooling strategies with air and direct/indirect liquid cooling. The simplicity of an air-cooling system is an advantage over a liquid-cooling system. In addition to its intrinsically lower heat transfer coefficient, another disadvantage of air cooling is that the small heat capacity of air makes it difficult to accomplish temperature uniformity inside a cell or between cells in a module. Liquid-cooling is more effective in heat transfer and takes up less volume, but the added complexity and cost may outweigh the merits. The surface heat transfer coefficient, h, and the blower power for air cooling are sensitive to the hydraulic diameter of the cooling channel (Dh). However, because of the added thermal resistances, h evaluated at cell surface is not as sensitive to the variation of Dh in an indirect (water/glycol jacket) cooling system. Due to the high heat transfer coefficient at small Dh, direct liquid cooling using dielectric mineral oils may be preferred in spite of high pressure loss in certain circumstances such as in highly transient large heat generating battery systems. In general, air-cooling should be considered first, as the power demand increases with heavier vehicles and more aggressive driving, water/glycol jacket cooling should be considered next. Results of computational fluid dynamics model simulation imply that capturing the internal heat flow paths and thermal resistances inside a cell using a sophisticated three-dimensional cell model is important for more accurate prediction of cell/battery thermal behaviors. This paper identified analyses and approaches that engineers should consider when they design a battery thermal management system for vehicles.
40 GHz compact TFMS meander-line bandpass filter on silicon substrate (2007)

Presented is a compact millimetre-wave bandpass filter using a thin-film microstrip meander line on standard 0.18 µm CMOS silicon substrate without any post-processing step yet still reducing the substrate loss and crosstalk to a large extent. To miniaturise overall circuit size, a half-wavelength resonator is constructed in meander-line configuration and its resonant frequency is designed to be 40 GHz. The prototype single-resonator bandpass filter occupies a circuit area of 210×210 µm on silicon. Measured insertion loss is 2.5 dB, which agrees well with the design value in the simulations.
The Mechanical Properties of the Pittsburgh Coal at Elevated Temperatures (1977)

Mechanical properties of coal have been determined in an effort to advance in situ coal gasification technology. Tests and apparatus were developed to evaluate the directional compressive and shear properties of coal at elevated temperatures. Both creep and stress-relaxation experiments were conducted to evaluate the creep compliance and stress-relaxation properties in compression and shear, at temperatures between 75° and 650°F (24° and 343°C), for the face cleat, butt cleat and normal to coalbed orientation, and four different specimen sizes. Stress-strain relations and ultimate strengths were also determined at three different loading rates for these directions and temperatures. A shift function was used to represent the creep and stress relaxation properties as functions of time and temperature. Four- and six-parameter viscoelastic fluid models were used to represent the data over the time-temperature ranges. Shallow and deep mine coal from the Pittsburgh coalbed was tested. The coal was found to have the greatest ultimate strength and elastic moduli at 200°F (93°C) in all directions in both compression and shear, and to be specimen size dependent. The ultimate strength in the normal to coalbed direction was approximately twice that in the face and butt cleat directions at all temperatures. At 575° to 650°F (302° – 343°C), the coal becomes fluidic and is well represented by a four-parameter fluid model. It also obeys the time-temperature superposition principle.
Scattering of very cold neutrons from the supramolecular structure of ethylene copolymers with substituted norbornene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (2007)

The transformation of the nanostructure of ethylene copolymers with 5-ethylidene-2-nonbornene due to variations in the concentration of 5-ethylidene-2-nonbornene is studied using scattering of very cold neutrons. The cyclic monomer is introduced into the polyethylene chain in order to modify the supramolecular structure of polyethylene and to change its macroscopic properties. It is shown that, as the content of 5-ethylidene-2-nonbornene in the copolymer increases, the amorphous-crystalline structure of polyethylene is destroyed (the crystallinity and average crystallite size decrease). Neither scattering of very cold neutrons nor X-ray diffraction are observed in samples of ethylene copolymers in which the content of 5-ethylidene-2-nonbornene exceeds 35 mol %. The transmission of light in copolymers of ethylene with 5-ethylidene-2-nonbornene is measured at different wavelengths. It is found that an increase in the content of 5-ethylidene-2-nonbornene in the copolymer leads to an increase in the transparency of the material.
Bacterial Killing Ability of 10% Ethylene Oxide Plus 90% Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Sterilizing Gas (1997)

Objectives: To use a serum and salt challenge in narrow-lumen carriers to evaluate a 10% ethylene oxide plus 90% hydrochlorofluorocarbon (EO-HCFC) sterilant mixture in a retrofitted 12/88 sterilizer as an alternative to the banned chlorofluorocarbon-ethylene oxide (EO) sterilant mixture. Design: An EO-HCFC sterilizing gas mixture in a retrofitted 12/88 sterilizer was compared to 100% ethylene oxide (100% EO) sterilizing gas to determine its relative ability to kill seven different bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis spores, Bacillus stearothermophilus spores, Bacillus circulans spores, and Mycobacterium chelonei) in the presence or absence of a combined 10% serum and 0.65% salt challenge using both penicylinders (PC) and long narrowlumen (LU) carriers. Results: The EO-HCFC sterilant mixture (96% sterile carriers) was equivalent to the 100% EO sterilant (98% sterile carriers) for killing vegetative organisms, as well as spore suspensions, on the 27 PC and 27 LU carriers in the absence of serum and salt. In the presence of serum and salt, the EO-HCFC sterilant mixture was markedly better than the 100% EO sterilant at reducing the bacterial load on the 63 PC carriers (95% vs 62% sterile PC carriers, respectively), whereas both sterilizers were equivalent for the 63 LU carriers (49% vs 40% sterile LU carriers, respectively). Of the seven test organisms, E faecalis, B subtilis, B stearothermophilus, and B circulans were the most difficult to kill for both PC and LU carriers when serum and salt were present. Conclusions: The data presented in this report indicate that the EO-HCFC sterilant mixture is an effective alternative for gas sterilization. Indeed, the efficiency of bacterial killing for the EO-HCFC sterilant mixture was similar to that achieved by the 12/88 EO-CFC sterilant mixture.
The factors associated with criminal recidivism in Finnish male offenders: importance of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence (2017)

Neurocognitive deficits and psychiatric disorders are often brought up as risk factors of recidivism. In this study, we investigated how neurocognitive and academic deficits and psychiatric disorders (including substance dependence) are associated with criminal recidivism and prison career among male offenders. In a health survey of Finnish prisoners, 72 sentenced male prisoners were examined in Turku prison using a neurocognitive test battery and psychiatric assessment including a standardized psychiatric interview (SCID-I, II). The neurocognitive and academic tests were chosen to assess domains of cognitive functioning and reading, spelling and mathematical skills. Our results showed that the combination of neurocognitive deficits and substance dependence was connected to recidivism. Axis I diagnosis (major mental disorders) and substance dependence were connected with neurocognitive and academic deficits. Moreover, first-time offenders had fewer neurocognitive deficits and Axis I disorders, less substance dependence and fewer personality disorders than those with several convictions. Rehabilitation of cognitive functions and academic skills, along with intervention for mental health problems and substance dependence could help to prevent the unfavourable circle of criminal career.
Preconception health and care (2019)

The developmental origins of health and disease (DoHaD) paradigm states the relationship between prenatal exposures and offspring health in later life. So far this field of research has been mainly focused on the second half of pregnancy and the period just after delivery. From epidemiological and experimental studies, it has become clear that periconception conditions, such as age, ethnicity, chronic diseases, and genetic factors, as well as modifiable lifestyles, such as nutrition, smoking, and alcohol consumption, significantly contribute to human reproductive and obstetric health and performance. The periconception period represents the time span of 14 weeks before conception, in which both female and male gametes maturate, and the first 10 weeks after conception, during which implantation, early embryonic and placental development take place. Adverse preconception and periconception conditions and lifestyle can detrimentally affect these processes, which may have crucial consequences for fertility, prenatal growth and development, and the future health of the mother and her offspring during the life course. A new focus of reproductive and obstetric medicine should be the care and treatment of the couple before pregnancy: preconception care.
Optical stethoscopy: Image recording with resolution λ/20 (1984)

Subwave length-resolution optical image recording is demonstrated by moving an extremely narrow aperture along a test object equipped with fine-line structures. Details of 25-nm size can be recognized using 488-nm radiation. The result indicates a resolving power of at least λ/20 which is to be compared with the values of λ/2.3 obtainable in conventional optical microscopy.
Acceleration and Increased Severity of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in P-Selectin Mutant Mice (1999)

P-selectin plays an important role in leukocyte adherence to microvascular endothelium and is expressed in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the contribution of P-selectin to the initiation and chronicity of joint inflammation is not well understood. In these studies, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in P-selectin mutant (-/-) mice to explore the role of P-selectin in the development of joint inflammation. Surprisingly, CIA onset was accelerated and severity was increased in P-selectin mutant mice, compared with wild-type mice (+/+). Increased levels of anti-type II collagen IgG were detected in both nonarthritic and arthritic P-selectin mutant mice from days 14-91. In addition, splenocytes isolated from immunized and nonimmunized P-selectin mutant mice produced significantly less IL-2 and IL-4, but significantly higher levels of IL-10 and IL-5 than splenocytes from wild-type mice. These observations show that P-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling is not required for the development of murine CIA and that P-selectin expression exerts a controlling effect on the development of Ag-driven inflammatory joint disease, possibly by mediating the recruitment and/or trafficking of specific leukocyte subtypes into lymphoid tissue or inflammatory foci.
Efficient Methods for Oxidation of Alcohols (1977)

Abstract Treatment of alkoxymagnesium bromides, prepared in situ from alcohols and Grignard reagent, with N-chlorosuccinimide, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, or (diacetoxyiodo)benzene in the presence of t-butoxymagnesium bromide afforded the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields. A wide variety of alcohols, after being converted into their bromomagnesium salts by treatment with propylmagnesium bromide, were also selectively oxidized with 1,1′-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine to afford the corresponding ketones or aldehydes in excellent yields.
Endothelial Expression of Endocan Is Strongly Associated with Tumor Progression in Pituitary Adenoma (2012)

Abstract Although benign, pituitary adenomas frequently invade adjacent sinuses or recur after first surgery. To date, there is no histological marker predictive of recurrence. Angiogenic factors are candidate markers. Endocan is a proteoglycan secreted by endothelial cells, associated with an aggressive behavior in several tumor types. Endocan expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in 18 normal post‐mortem pituitaries and in 107 patients operated for a pituitary adenoma (with a follow‐up of at least 8 years after surgery). In normal pituitaries, endocan was never observed in vessels but was detected in isolated endocrine cells. In adenoma tissue, we found a strong association between endocan immunoreactivity in endothelial cells and progression ( P = 0.0009), as well as tumor size ( P = 0.0012), raised mitotic count ( P = 0.02) and p53 expression ( P = 0.032). Morphometric analysis of the microvessels showed that the mean vessel area was significantly higher in the subgroup of tumors with an endothelial expression of endocan ( P = 0.028), coherent with the neoangiogenesis process occurring in the pituitary. The immunolabeling of endocan in endothelial cells may therefore appear to be a relevant marker of aggressive behavior in pituitary tumors.
Supplementary Materials and Methods and Supplementary Figures 1 through 9 from Novel Neutralizing Hedgehog Antibody MEDI-5304 Exhibits Antitumor Activity by Inhibiting Paracrine Hedgehog Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods; Supplementary Figure S1. Binding kinetics of hedgehog antibodies to human and mouse hedgehog proteins using surface plasmon resonance. Supplementary Figure S2. Hedgehog ligands stimulate mGLI1 reporter activity and osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementary Figure S3. Selective inhibition of mGLI1 or mPTC1 induction in C3H10T1/2 cells by hedgehog antibodies. Supplementary Figure S4. MEDI-5304 inhibits GLI1 expression in Colo205 xenograft stromal cells but not tumor cells. Supplementary Figure S5. Hedgehog pathway component RNA expression in primary pancreatic tumor explant model P479 and effects of MEDI-5304 on tumorspheres derived from pancreatic explant model 947. Supplementary Figure S6. Pharmacokinetics of MEDI-5304 in rats. Supplementary Figure S7. Exploratory toxicology of MEDI-5304 in rats. Supplementary Figure S8. Pharmacokinetics of MEDI-5304 from preliminary toxicology study in cynomolgus monkeys. Supplementary Figure S9. Pharmacodynamics of MEDI-5304 in cynomolgus monkeys.&lt;/p&gt;
A Blockchain Implementation for the Cataloguing of CCTV Video Evidence (2018)

Presented here is a functional implementation of Distributed Ledger Technology applied to the task of cataloguing CCTV video evidence. We describe and demonstrate a prototype camera that participates in blockchain creation in real time, and the system designed to manage and coordinate its distribution and use. This application is of specific interest to law enforcement agencies charged with the management of high volumes of CCTV evidence. We discuss applicability and scalability with reference to simulation results and real-world testing. The combination of blockchain technology with a novel digital watermarking application is demonstrated here providing immediate benefit against an existing real-world problem of trustworthy evidence protection in distributed network environments.
Silicon laser dicing with picosecond pulses at 2-µm wavelength (2021)

We present a picosecond-laser-based modification process within the bulk of silicon at 2-µm wavelength. For optimizing the process to reliably generate defined modifications, different pulse durations in the span from femtoseconds to picoseconds and different focusing conditions at different depths in silicon were investigated. A predetermined cleavage plane was realized by transversal scanning. The force required to break the sample at the desired position was analyzed for the different processing conditions. Overall our results constitute the basis for picosecond-laser-based dicing of silicon.
The gut microbiota affects amyloid deposition in Alzheimer’s disease models by suppressing immune-mediated Aβ clearance (2022)

<title>Abstract</title> The gut microbiota and innate immune system play critical roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). <italic>Bacteroides</italic> is elevated in AD patients and correlates with cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ and tau. We found that increased Aβ plaques in <italic>Bacteroides fragilis</italic>-treated APP/PS1-21 mice were associated with altered cortical expression Aβ processing genes. <italic>B. fragilis</italic> suppressed peripheral CD4+ T cell production of GM-CSF and IL-4 and transcriptional changes in microglia related to GM-CSF and IL-4 signaling, phagocytosis, and protein degradation. Furthermore, <italic>B. fragilis</italic> impaired the microglial uptake of intracranially injected Aβ42, whereas <italic>Erysipelotrichaceae</italic> strains increased uptake. Depleting murine <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> with metronidazole decreased amyloid load in aged 5xFAD mice, increased CD4+ T cell GM-CSF production, and activated microglial pathways related to cytokine signaling, phagocytosis and lysosomal degradation. These data suggest that the gut microbiome may contribute to AD pathogenesis by suppressing peripheral cytokines and microglia phagocytic function, leading to impaired immune-mediated Aβ clearance.
Fluorine-18 labeled benzamides for studying the dopamine D2 receptor with positron emission tomography (1993)

Two series of (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)- and (9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan- 3 beta-yl)benzamides were prepared, and in vitro binding assays were used to measure the affinity of these compounds for dopamine D2, dopamine D3, serotonin 5-HT2, and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. The results of these studies indicated compounds 23, 26b, and 34 have the selectivity needed for in vivo studies of the D2 (and possibly D3) receptors. 18F-Labeled analogues of 23, 26b and 34 were prepared by N-alkylation of the corresponding desbenzyl precursors with [18F]-4-fluorobenzyl iodide. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated that [18F]-23 and [18F]-26b are suitable candidates for further evaluation in positron emission tomography imaging studies. The slow rate of washout of [18F]-34 from nondopaminergic regions and its comparatively high lipophilicity indicates that this compound may not be suitable for imaging studies because of a high level of nonspecific binding.
The cecropin locus. Cloning and expression of a gene cluster encoding three antibacterial peptides in Hyalophora cecropia (1991)

Cecropins A, B, and D are antibacterial peptides of 35-37 amino acids that are synthesized in pupae of the Cecropia moth (Hyalophora cecropia) as a response to a bacterial infection. cDNA cloning has shown that the cecropins are made as preproproteins that are processed in four steps to the mature peptides. We have now cloned the genes for preprocecropins A and D, data that together with earlier work on the B gene has made it possible to deduce the arrangement of the cecropin locus. The genes for the three cecropins are organized in a large cluster spanning 20 kilobases of DNA and for each gene there is one copy/haploid genome. The size of the cluster is in part due to long distances between the genes and to the presence of insertion elements in the introns of the A and D genes. The cecropin genes are not expressed in parallel. Transcripts for cecropins A and B appear within 2 h after injection of live bacteria, they reach a maximum after 48 h, and they are continuously expressed at this level for several days. The D gene has a delayed pattern of expression where transcripts appear within 48-96 h and reach a maximum after 144 h. In consonance is also the production of the mature cecropins A, B, and D where the active cecropins A and B are detected in the hemolymph within 10-24 h while the D form is not detected until 48 h post infection. Control injections with sterile saline produced only a weak induction of the cecropin genes.
Radiative Metallic Thermal Protection Systems: A Status Report (1977)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Plasmons in waveguide structures formed by two graphene layers (2013)

Plasmon modes in a waveguide formed by two parallel graphene layers with an insulator spacer layer are considered. The existence of TM and TE guided modes is predicted and their properties are compared with those of plasmons in metal/insulator waveguides.