gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actinofuranones A and B, Polyketides from a Marine-Derived Bacterium Related to the Genus Streptomyces (Actinomycetales) (2006)

Two new polyketides, actinofuranones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture extract of a marine-derived Streptomyces strain designated CNQ766. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by interpretation of NMR and other spectroscopic data and by chemical derivatization. The relative stereochemistries of these new molecules were assigned on the basis of analysis of NOE data and vicinal (1)H-(1)H coupling constants, while the absolute configurations of the asymmetric centers were determined using the modified Mosher's method.
Geo-Social Profile Matching Algorithm for Dynamic Interests in Ad-Hoc Social Network (2014)

Among mobile users, ad-hoc social network (ASN) is becoming a popular platform to connect and share their interests anytime anywhere. Many researchers and computer scientists investigated ASN architecture, implementation, user experience, and different profile matching algorithms to provide better user experience in ad-hoc social network. We emphasize that strength of an ad-hoc social network depends on a good profile-matching algorithm that provides meaningful friend suggestions in proximity. Keeping browsing history is a good way to determine user’s interest, however, interests change with location. This paper presents a novel profile-matching algorithm for automatically building a user profile based on dynamic GPS (Global Positing System) location and browsing history of users. Building user profile based on GPS location of a user provides benefits to ASN users as this profile represents user’s dynamic interests that keep changing with location e.g. office, home, or some other location. Proposed profile-matching algorithm maintains multiple local profiles based on location of mobile device.
Lincomycin. XI. Synthesis and structure of clindamycin, a potent antibacterial agent (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLincomycin. XI. Synthesis and structure of clindamycin, a potent antibacterial agentRobert D. Birkenmeyer and Fred. KaganCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 4, 616–619Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00298a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00298a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1147Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Role of the Computer in the ATC Environment (1973)

Computers, and digital techniques in general, have become pervasive in the technology of air traffic control (ATC). So much so that it is difficult to discover an area, application, or function in which automation is not involved, if only at the conceptual level. Rather than describing a single role for the computer, this paper examines some typical uses of computers in relation to the various functional organizations and facilities of the ATC system. One conclusion reached is that present and near-term computer teehnology is sufficiently capable to meet the needs of at least the next decade of air traffic. While the emphasis is not on machine organizations or computer sizings, several examples of each are presented to give perspective to the discussion.
Miniature flat type inertial piezoelectric motor (2009)

Study of a novel design miniature linear piezoelectric motor is proposed in the paper. Size of the motor not exceeds 150 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Piezoelectric motor consists of ¿butterfly¿ type actuator and slider. Elliptical trajectory of the actuator is achieved using bending oscillations of the plates of actuator when harmonic or short impulse type excitation is used. Contact zone trajectory of motion is analyzed for both type of excitation. Advantages of impulse type excitation are simpler electric circuit scheme, lesser dependence between the rotor torque and excitation frequency. It allows increasing torque of the rotor without increasing dimensions and mass of the actuator. Numerical modeling of the piezoelectric motor was done to analyze natural frequencies, modal shapes of the actuator and to examine actuator response to the harmonic and impulse type excitation. Experimental prototype of the piezoelectric motor was built and measurement contact zone motion was done. Results of numerical and experimental studies are discussed.
Wheeled Patient Monitoring System (2015)

The most common and serious problem that the elderly suffers due to old age is their degrading health conditions that restrict their ability to perform life activities. Most of them require wheelchair to move even within their residence. According to WHO, there are about 1 % of world population that require wheelchair for mobility. People with debility in moving from one location to another are either bedridden or depend upon the wheelchair. An elder, dependent on wheelchair, often requires regular health check-up to keep track of their health status, and it is very difficult for them to have frequent visits to hospitals. Wheeled patient monitoring system (WPMS), in such a situation, is a system that continuously monitors the health condition of the patient by measuring body temperature, blood oxygen saturation in blood and heart rate. These three parameters are the crucial parameters of a body and help the doctor to diagnose easily. WPMS constantly monitors health parameters and identifies critical situations to inform physicians and healthcare centres so that the users are taken care at the earliest. The system can be easily attached to or detached from the wheel chair. WPMS can also be used by patients at hospitals.
Harmonic Kinoform Lens: Diffraction Efficiency and Chromatism (2018)

Sawtooth microstructures with a relief depth significantly exceeding the central wavelength of the working spectral range are studied within the scalar and strict diffraction theories. The possibility of maintaining high diffraction efficiency, irrespective of the working spectral bandwidth and at allowed angles of incidence, which can reach 45° or more, is shown. It is also shown that the chromatism of such lenses is controlled in a very wide range and can be less than that of the lightest crown glasses.
User-Centred Design Actions for Lightweight Evaluation of an Interactive Machine Learning Toolkit (2018)

Machine learning offers great potential to developers and end users in the creative industries. For example, it can support new sensor-based interactions, procedural content generation and end-user product customisation. However, designing machine learning toolkits for adoption by creative developers is still a nascent effort. This work focuses on the application of user-centred design with creative end-user developers for informing the design of an interactive machine learning toolkit. We introduce a framework for user-centred design actions that we developed within the context of an European Union innovation project, RAPID-MIX. We illustrate the application of the framework with two actions for lightweight formative evaluation of our toolkit—the JUCE Machine Learning Hackathon and the RAPID-MIX API workshop at eNTERFACE’17. We describe how we used these actions to uncover conceptual and technical limitations. We also discuss how these actions provided us with a better understanding of users, helped us to refine the scope of the design space, and informed improvements to the toolkit. We conclude with a reflection about the knowledge we obtained from applying user-centred design to creative technology, in the context of an innovation project in the creative industries. &nbsp;
SYNTHESIS OF 1-(2-DEOXY-β-D-RIBOFURANOSYL)-2,4-DIFLUORO-5-SUBSTITUTED-BENZENES*: “THYMINE REPLACEMENT” ANALOGS OF THYMIDINE FOR EVALUATION AS ANTICANCER AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS (2001)

A group of unnatural 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluorobenzenes having a variety of C-5 two-carbon substituents [-C...C-X, X = I, Br; -C...CH; (E)-CH=CH-X, X = I, Br; -CH=CH2; -CH2CH3; -CH(N3) CH2Br], designed as nucleoside mimics, were synthesized for evaluation as anticancer and antiviral agents. The 5-substituted (E)-CH=CH-I and -CH2CH3 compounds exhibited negligible cytotoxicity in a MTT assay (CC50 = 10(-3) to 10(-4)M range), relative to thymidine (CC50 = 10(-3) to 10(-5)M range), against a variety of cancer cell lines. In contrast, the C-5 substituted -C...C-I and -CH(N3)CH2Br compounds were more cytotoxic (CC50 = 10(-5) to 10(-6)M range). The -C...C-I and -CH2CH3 compounds exhibited similar cytotoxicity against non-transfected (KBALB, 143B) and HSV-1 TK+ gene transfected (KBALB-STK, 143B-LTK) cancer cell lines expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase gene (TK+). This observation indicates that expression of the viral TK enzyme did not provide a gene therapeutic effect. The parent group of 5-substituted compounds, that were evaluated using a wide variety of antiviral assay systems [HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency (HIV-1, HIV-2) viruses], showed that this class of unnatural C-aryl nucleoside mimics are inactive and/or weakly active antiviral agents.
Spectacular Chemical Experiments (2007)

WATER Spontaneous Ignition by Adding Water Blow Up of an Iron Ball Hydration Osmosis Regelation of Ice Sugar Coal by Splitting off Water from Sugar with Sulfuric Acid Sodium Billard Boiling Water in a Paper Bowl The Density Differences of Water and D2O Fire under Water Safe Production of Detonating Gas Fuel Cell for Hydrogen and Oxygen Hydrogen in Status Nascendi Effusion of Hydrogen Freezing Mixture Rapid Crystallization Magic Eggs Colored Kinetics Flushing Peppermint Tea Chemiluminescence The Colors White - Yellow - Black Nitrogen and Hydrogen by Electrolysis Demonstration of the Plasma State Sparkling Cross THE COLOR BLUE Witching Hour Molybdenum Blue Combustion of Sulfur in Oxygen Phosphorus Salt Perl or Cobalt Salt Perl Fehling's Solution Activated Carbon Decolorizes Water Blue Blue Bottle - The Blue Miracle Generatio of Blue (N2O3)dinitrogentrioxide Bleaching with a Household Product Ink Blue - Solvated Electrons THE COLOR RED Purple or Colorless - an Entertaining Demonstration A Component in Newspapers Bleaching of Tomato Juice with Chlorine on a Micro Scale Production of Non Drinkable Red Wine Red Wine as a Dolor Indicator COLLOIDES, SOLS AND GELS Silica Gel from Alkali Silicates Red Gold Red Gold Sol Cherry Red Gold Sol The Blue Gold Silver Sol by Electric Discharge How to Make a Silver Sol The Reaction of Silver Nitrate with Tannin Dissipative Structures: Chemical Patterns in Aqueous Solutions Acidic Acid Butyl Ester in the Presence of Bromocresol Green Precipitation Using the Gas Phase Methods Become Accepted: Nessler's Reagent and Gaseous Ammonia Reduction of KMnO4 with Ethyl Alcohol Alcohol Test An Old Hat with New Feathers - Precipitation of AgCl with HCI Gas A Chemical Buoy Flower Power Munchhausen - The Flying Styrofoam Ball The Remarkable Rocket Eatable Burning Banana Burning Pecan Sparks and Shining Fire Like Magic... Reduction of Copper Oxide Electric Current from a Beer Can Magnesium Powder Burning in the Air The Alchemist's Gold Imitate a Spider Is it Methyl Alcohol or Ethyl Acohol? Oxygen Content of the Air Rapid Rust Shining Dry Ice Smoke Rings Saturn's Rings Oxygen from Ag2O Flour Dust Explosion Bromine and Potassium Current-free Shining Flat Bottomed Cylinder Rotating Advertising Column S4N4 - A Pick-me-up Thunderclap A Heavyweight does not Stick to the Bottom Icarus and the Sun Disposal of Sodium and Potassium Residues ART GALLERY OF CHEMISTRY Color Composition: Chemistry is Art Underwater Dance Blue Mist Colorful Clouds
Enzymes of glucose isomerization in various microorganisms (1981)

Screening tests for glucose-isomerizing strains of various type, reference and laboratory strains of bacteria including actinomycetes, and yeasts were carried out. The ability to convert glucose to fructose was found to be widely distributed among various microorganisms. It was shown that glucose-isomerizing ability was most prevalent in the genera Aerobacter and Escherichia, but was not found in the bacterial genera belonging to the order Pseudomonadales. Although their activities were not very high (probably due to unsuitable culture conditions) more than 70% of the actinomycetes and 60% of the yeasts grown on xylose possessed glucose-isomerizing activity.
Computerized Detection of Lacunar Infarcts in Brain MR Images (2007)

あらまし 無症候性のラクナ梗塞は,脳ドックにおいてしばしば発見される.無症候性のラクナ梗塞は,その 後に起こり得る重篤な脳梗塞との関係が示唆されているため,その検出は重要である.しかし,加齢による脳組 織の変化である血管周囲腔拡大との区別が難しいなどの理由から,放射線科医や脳神経外科医にとって,すべて のラクナ梗塞を正しく検出することは困難である.そこで,我々は,ラクナ梗塞を検出するための手法の開発を 行った.本実験に使用したデータベースは,132 人の患者から選択された 1,143 枚の T2 強調画像と 1,143 枚の T1強調画像によって構成される.まず,脳実質領域外の候補を削除するため,領域拡張法を用いることによって 脳実質領域を抽出した.次に,トップハット変換を用いることによってラクナ梗塞を強調し,多重しきい値処理 を適用することによってラクナ梗塞の初期候補を決定した.すべての初期候補に対して,T2 強調画像と T1 強 調画像から 12 個の特徴量を計測し,それらの特徴量を用いたルールベース法とニューラルネットワークによっ て,ラクナ梗塞と偽陽性候補を区別した.本手法を適用した結果,真陽性率 96.8%(90/93),画像 1枚当りの偽 陽性数 0.69(737/1063)の結果を得た.本手法は,ラクナ梗塞の検出に有用であることが示唆された. キーワード ラクナ梗塞,コンピュータ支援診断,多重しきい値処理,フィルタバンク,ニューラルネット ワーク
Factors Affecting C5 Viability and Demographic Variability in Two Brachial Plexus Centers (2023)

The rate of complete avulsion injury was high in both centers. Although there are a number of demographic differences between the United States and Taiwan, overall the KE of the accident increased the risk of C5 avulsion.
Characteristics of drought propagation in South Korea: relationship between meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts (2019)

Abstract To investigate the propagation of meteorological droughts to agricultural and hydrological droughts, the relationship between droughts was analyzed using observed precipitation and agricultural reservoir and dam storage levels with SPI from 1998 to 2015 in South Korea. For the relationship between different types of droughts, we find that the occurrence of meteorological droughts after concentrated precipitation in the wet season (from June to September) tends not to lead to agricultural or hydrological droughts. A lack of precipitation from April to September, when large volumes of irrigation water are consumed, triggers both meteorological and agricultural droughts. In the case of hydrological droughts propagated from meteorological droughts, precipitation deficits in the dry season (between October and March) caused decrease in dam storage levels only. The occurrence of all different types of droughts is associated with extreme meteorological droughts, which are mainly caused by precipitation deficits in the wet season or prolonged rainfall shortages; in these cases, meteorological droughts led to agricultural and hydrological droughts. An analysis of the seasonal characteristics of storage level changes that in the wet season, agricultural reservoir storage levels are more dependent on precipitation deficits than dam storage levels. On other hand, when precipitation deficits were recorded in the dry season, agricultural reservoir storage levels went up, but dam storage levels dropped. The propagation of meteorological droughts to agricultural and hydrological droughts depends not only on drought severity but also on the drought timing. These findings may contribute to establishing a comprehensive drought monitoring system.
Signaling Pathway of Nitric Oxide-Induced Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa1 (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been recently shown to modulate in vitro motility, viability, the acrosome reaction (AR), and metabolism of spermatozoa in various mammalian species, but the mechanism or mechanisms through which it influences sperm functions has not been clarified. In human capacitated spermatozoa, both the intracellular cGMP level and the percentage of AR-positive cells were significantly increased after 4 h of incubation with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). SNP-induced AR was significantly reduced in the presence of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors, LY83583 and ODQ; this block was bypassed by adding 8-bromo-cGMP, a cell-permeating cGMP analogue, to the incubation medium. Finally, Rp-8-Br-cGMPS and Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS, two inhibitors of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), inhibited the SNP-induced AR. Furthermore, SNP-induced AR did not occur in Ca2+-free medium or in the presence of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, calphostin C. This study suggests that the AR-inducing effect of exogenous NO on capacitated human spermatozoa is accomplished via stimulation of an NO-sensitive sGC, cGMP synthesis, and PKG activation. In this effect the activation of PKC is also involved, and the presence of extracellular Ca2+ is required.
Characterization of the Black Shank Pathogen, Phytophthora nicotianae, Across North Carolina Tobacco Production Areas (2017)

Black shank disease of tobacco, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae, is a major threat to production in the United States and tobacco-producing areas worldwide. In a statewide survey of North Carolina, the rapid shift from race 0 to race 1 was documented. Collected pathogen isolates were characterized phenotypically for mating type and mefenoxam sensitivity, and genotypically by comparing sequences from three cytoplasmic and two nuclear regions. Both the A1 and A2 mating types were found throughout the state. When both mating types were recovered from the same field, pairings of isolates yielded viable oospores, indicating for the first time the potential for sexual sporulation by P. nicotianae in natural populations. Because the loss of complete resistance required a renewed use of the fungicide mefenoxam, a subset of the survey isolates was screened for sensitivity to the fungicide. All isolates were sensitive, with a mean effective concentration to inhibit 50% of hyphal growth of 0.4 μg/ml that was similar across mating types and races. Molecular characterization of 226 isolates revealed that the pathogen exists as multiple clonal types within the state. Genetic diversity among the pathogen population and the potential for sexual recombination may help explain the ability of the pathogen to rapidly adapt to host resistance genes.
Radicals for life : the various forms of nitric oxide (2007)

Part 1. Overview. Part 2. DNIC: physico-chemical properties and biological activity. Part 3. S-nitrosothiols: physico-chemical properties and biological activity. Part 4. Nitrite as a NO source in cells and tissues. Part 5. Dithiocarbamate iron complexes: implication for NO studies.
Junior: The Stanford entry in the Urban Challenge (2008)

Abstract This article presents the architecture of Junior, a robotic vehicle capable of navigating urban environments autonomously. In doing so, the vehicle is able to select its own routes, perceive and interact with other traffic, and execute various urban driving skills including lane changes, U‐turns, parking, and merging into moving traffic. The vehicle successfully finished and won second place in the DARPA Urban Challenge, a robot competition organized by the U.S. Government. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic DNA Methylation (2009)

The methylation of DNA during plant development is a much more dynamic process than previously assumed.
Interventions for the treatment of borderline ovarian tumours (2009)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefit and harm of different treatment modalities offered in current practice for the management of borderline ovarian tumours.
Purification and Some Properties of Glutathione Reductase from Iron-oxidizing BacteriumThiobacillus ferrooxidans (1995)

Glutathione reductase was purified from iron-grown Thiobacillus ferrooxidas AP19-3 to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 100,000 and was composed of two identical subunits of molecular weight (Mrs, 52,000) as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A purified enzyme reduced one mole of the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) with one mole of NADPH to produce two moles of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and one mole of NADP+. The glutathione reductase was most active at pH 6.5 and 40°C, and had an isoelectric point at 5.1. The Michaelis constants of glutathione reductase for GSSG, NADPH, and NADH were 300, 26, and 125 μM, respectively.
Leaky β-Oxidation of a trans-Fatty Acid (2004)

The degradation of elaidic acid (9-trans-octadecenoic acid), oleic acid, and stearic acid by rat mitochondria was studied to determine whether the presence of a trans double bond in place of a cis double bond or no double bond affects beta-oxidation. Rat mitochondria from liver or heart effectively degraded the coenzyme A derivatives of all three fatty acids. However, with elaidoyl-CoA as a substrate, a major metabolite accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix. This metabolite was isolated and identified as 5-trans-tetradecenoyl-CoA. In contrast, little or none of the corresponding metabolites were detected with oleoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA as substrates. A kinetic study of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase revealed that 5-trans-tetradecenoyl-CoA is a poorer substrate of LCAD than is 5-cis-tetradecenoyl-CoA, while both unsaturated acyl-CoAs are poor substrates of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase when compared with myristoyl-CoA. Tetradecenoic acid and tetradecenoylcarnitine were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, when rat liver mitochondria were incubated with elaidoyl-CoA but not when oleoyl-CoA was the substrate. These observations support the conclusion that 5-trans-tetradecenoyl-CoA accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix, because it is less efficiently dehydrogenated by LCAD than is its cis isomer and that the accumulation of this beta-oxidation intermediate facilitates its hydrolysis and conversion to 5-trans-tetradecenoylcarnitine thereby permitting a partially degraded fatty acid to escape from mitochondria. Analysis of this compromised but functional process provides insight into the operation of beta-oxidation in intact mitochondria.
Method calculation of a temperatures field of gas flow, in a cylindrical channel in the presence of internal sources of non-uniformly distributed heat in the axial direction (2018)

The calculation of a temperature field of gas flow with an internal heat source is generalized in case of a non-uniform axisymmetric heat distribution. The distribution is approximated by a set of segments of various lengths. The source function in each segment is considered constant, in the axial direction, while its radial profile is specific only to that segment. Thus, gas flow sequentially moves through n+2 areas: input z < 0, output z > 1 and the area of the internal heat source 0 ≤Z ≤l, presented by n segments. The obtained analytical solutions provide us with a straightforward way to calculate the heat balance for a wide class of complex problems related to describing air flow in the presence of non-uniform heat source distribution in the axial direction.