gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Navigation and the Influence of Navigation on MIS Surgery (2022)

Overall, it is possible that surface-based ION will become a mainstay in the armamentarium of enabling technologies utilized by minimally-invasive spine surgeons, but further studies are needed assessing its accuracy, complications, and cost-effectiveness.
Pressure-overload hypertrophy is unabated in mice devoid of AT1Areceptors (1998)

Mechanisms controlling cardiac growth are under intense investigation. Among these, the renin-angiotensin system has received great interest. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin system was not an obligate factor in cardiac hypertrophy. We examined the left ventricular hypertrophic response to a pressure overload in mice devoid of the AT1A receptor, the putative major effector of the growth response of the renin-angiotensin system. Aortic banding produced similar transband gradients in wild-type and AT1A knockout mice. The left ventricular mass-to-body weight ratio increased from 3.44 +/- 0.08 to 5.62 +/- 0.25 in wild-type ascending aortic-banded mice. The response in the knockout mice was not different (from 2.97 +/- 0.13 to 5.24 +/- 0.37). We conclude that the magnitude of cardiac hypertrophy is not affected by the absence of the AT1A receptor and its signaling pathway and that this component of the renin-angiotensin system is not necessary in cardiac hypertrophy.
Transfer of a three step mAb chromatography process from batch to continuous: Optimizing productivity to minimize consumable requirements (2016)

The goal of this study was to adapt a batch mAb purification chromatography platform for continuous operation. The experiments and rationale used to convert from batch to continuous operation are described. Experimental data was used to design chromatography methods for continuous operation that would exceed the threshold for critical quality attributes and minimize the consumables required as compared to batch mode of operation. Four unit operations comprising of Protein A capture, viral inactivation, flow-through anion exchange (AEX), and mixed-mode cation exchange chromatography (MMCEX) were integrated across two Cadence BioSMB PD multi-column chromatography systems in order to process a 25L volume of harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) in less than 12h. Transfer from batch to continuous resulted in an increase in productivity of the Protein A step from 13 to 50g/L/h and of the MMCEX step from 10 to 60g/L/h with no impact on the purification process performance in term of contaminant removal (4.5 log reduction of host cell proteins, 50% reduction in soluble product aggregates) and overall chromatography process yield of recovery (75%). The increase in productivity, combined with continuous operation, reduced the resin volume required for Protein A and MMCEX chromatography by more than 95% compared to batch. The volume of AEX membrane required for flow through operation was reduced by 74%. Moreover, the continuous process required 44% less buffer than an equivalent batch process. This significant reduction in consumables enables cost-effective, disposable, single-use manufacturing.
The development of a composite-type optical fiberscope system for fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of chorionic plate anastomosing vessels (FLPC) (2010)

We developed a new laser device using a composite-type optical fiberscope for laser surgery to treat twin-twin transfusion syndrome. The composite-type optical fiberscope (2.2 mm in external diameter) consists of a centrally located single fiber for laser treatment (0.1 mm in diameter) and its surrounding fibers for diagnosis. This fiberscope enables transmission of 40-W Yb fiber laser. The Yb fiber laser can be focused to 10mm focal length using two lenses on the tip of the fiberscope. In this research, we emitted the laser to in vivo porcine mesenteric vessel with blood flow both with an established laser fiber of 0.6-mm diameter (0.6-mm normal fiber) and with our composite-type optical fiberscope to compare the cautery performance of those devices. According to the experimental results, the composite-type optical fiberscope has a cautery efficiency equal to that of a 0.6-mm normal fiber, and it can contract the vein diameter about 35% as compared to the vein diameter before laser irradiation.
Anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii in standard animal models (2008)

The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (Family: Euphorbiaceae) was evaluated for its antipyretic effects in Brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Croton roxburghii was also evaluated by using carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (CECR) exhibited significant anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effect at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition (55.32%) was notedat the dose of 200 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas the Indomethacin (standard drug) produced 61.33% of inhibition. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in dextran induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the CECR (200 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 52.32% and 56.32% respectively. The extract also exhibited a significant antipyretic response in Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Thus, the present study revealed that the CECR exhibited significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity in the tested animal models.
Gene burden analysis identifies genes associated with increased risk and severity of adult-onset hearing loss in a diverse hospital-based cohort (2023)

Loss or absence of hearing is common at both extremes of human lifespan, in the forms of congenital deafness and age-related hearing loss. While these are often studied separately, there is increasing evidence that their genetic basis is at least partially overlapping. In particular, both common and rare variants in genes associated with monogenic forms of hearing loss also contribute to the more polygenic basis of age-related hearing loss. Here, we directly test this model in the Penn Medicine BioBank-a healthcare system cohort of around 40,000 individuals with linked genetic and electronic health record data. We show that increased burden of predicted deleterious variants in Mendelian hearing loss genes is associated with increased risk and severity of adult-onset hearing loss. As a specific example, we identify one gene-TCOF1, responsible for a syndromic form of congenital hearing loss-in which deleterious variants are also associated with adult-onset hearing loss. We also identify four additional novel candidate genes (COL5A1, HMMR, RAPGEF3, and NNT) in which rare variant burden may be associated with hearing loss. Our results confirm that rare variants in Mendelian hearing loss genes contribute to polygenic risk of hearing loss, and emphasize the utility of healthcare system cohorts to study common complex traits and diseases.
Meta-adaptation in autonomic systems (2004)

Autonomic computing aims to make self-healing, self-tuning, self-configuring and self-protecting systems a reality. This self-adaptive behaviour is achieved by carrying out changes upon a system when particular constraints or requirements are not met. Existing work focuses on how to determine when a change is necessary and what that change will be. We argue that the mechanism used to carry out the change is equally important and can determine if the change heals, tunes or protects the system as it was intended to. We present OpenRec, a framework which facilitates autonomic computing where the change mechanism is also self-adapting. Novel features of our work include a clean separation of concerns in the self-adaption process, support for an extensible set of change mechanisms and the use of an evolving knowledge base which guides the change process.
Structural Basis for Low‐Affinity Binding of Non‐R2 Carboxylate‐Substituted Tricyclic Quinoline Analogs to CK2α: Comparative Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies (2014)

Protein kinase CK2 is a novel potential target for cancer treatment. The tricyclic quinoline compound CX-4945 (R2 = COOH) is the first bioavailable CK2 inhibitor used in human clinical trials for advanced solid tumors. CX-4945 analogs with non-R2 carboxylate function were demonstrated to be approximately 5000-fold less potent than compound 12 (R2 = COOH) in vitro. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to elucidate the structural mechanisms through which the R2 non-ionizable and R3 carboxylic acid substituents influence binding affinity. Results show that the structure of CK2α and the orientation of ligands changed to different degrees in non-R2 carboxylate function systems. The inappropriate electrostatic interactions between the non-R2 carboxylate group and the positive region lead to improper protein-ligand recognition, which is followed by the reorientation of tricyclic skeletons. For CK2α, the affected positions are distributed over the glycine-rich loop (G-loop), C-loop, and the β4/β5 loop. The allosteric mechanisms between the deviated ligands and the changed regions are proposed. Detailed energy calculation and residue-based energy decomposition indicate the energetic influences on the contributions of the critical residues. These results are in accordance with one another and could provide rational clues to the design of more potent CK2 inhibitors.
Lansoprazole, a novel benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor, and its related compounds have selective activity against Helicobacter pylori (1991)

The activities of various types of antiulcer agents against Helicobacter pylori (formerly called Campylobacter pylori) strains were determined by an agar dilution method. Among the compounds tested, two benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, lansoprazole (AG-1749) and omeprazole, were found to have significant activities against this organism. The activity of lansoprazole was comparable to that of bismuth citrate, with MICs ranging from 3.13 to 12.5 micrograms/ml, and fourfold more potent than that of omeprazole. A major metabolite and two acid-converted rearrangement products of lansoprazole also exhibited good activities comparable or superior to that of the parent compound. Exposure to lansoprazole of H. pylori growing in a liquid medium led to an extensive loss of viability without a reduction in culture turbidity and produced an aberrant bacterial morphology characterized by the irregular constriction of cells and the collapse of cell surface structures. The antibacterial activity of lansoprazole and its related compounds was selective against H. pylori; common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and Campylobacter jejuni were not inhibited by 100 micrograms/ml.
Prediction of electrocardiography features points using seismocardiography data (2018)

Seismocardiography (SCG) is a cardiac diagnostic method which evaluates vibrations of the chest via accelerometers. Current prototypical wearable SCG sensor patches are combined with electrocardiography (ECG) sensors which enables the estimation of cardiac timing intervals such as pre-ejection period (PEP). We envision a system with only SCG sensors to increase the battery run time and wearing comfort. Therefore, we present a method to predict the timing of ECG R-peak based on SCG data. The developed machine learning (ML) algorithms were evaluated with respect to algorithm complexity, body postures, and personalization schemes, on a dataset consisting of 10 subjects. Our findings show that R-peaks can be predicted with a mean error of 4:16 ms for supine, 9:43 ms for sitting, and 14:3 ms for standing posture. While personalization results only in minor improvements, using more complex ML classifier is beneficial for standing posture, which is more affected by motion artifacts.
Some aspects of the biosynthesis of phytosterols and triterpenes (1972)

Abstract The purpose of this short account is to present some results which cast doubt on the validity of the methods used generally for the study of phytosterol biosynthesis (though not necessarily on the validity of the conclusions arrived at). We shall accept, and not discuss, the present general framework of interpretation of sterol biosynthesis (chart 1) (see for example Goad 1970). Key intermediates, from our point of view, are squalene, squalene epoxide, and a triterpene alcohol: lanosterol in vertebrates and in fungi, cycloartenol in the green plants. The transformation squalene-squalene epoxide is an oxidative step; the transformation squalene epoxidetriterpene alcohol is the biochemical equivalent of an acidcatalysed isomerization.
Neutron diffraction measurements on a reference metallic sample with a high-efficiency GEM side-on 10 B-based thermal neutron detector (2018)

The upgraded version of the GEM side-on thermal neutron detector was successfully tested in a neutron diffraction experiment on a reference sample using the INES diffractometer at the ISIS spallation neutron source, UK. The performance of the new $^{10}$B$_4$C-based detector is compared to that of a standard $^3$He tube, operating at the instrument as a part of the detectors assembly. The results show that the upgraded detector has a better resolution and an efficiency of the same order of magnitude of a $^3$He-based detector.
Modality (2017)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Brain and Peripheral Tumor Necrosis Factor Production and, When Coadministered with Its Soluble Receptor, Protects Mice From Lipopolysaccharide Toxicity (1995)

These data suggest that CNTF might act as a protective cytokine against TNF-mediated pathologies both in the brain and in the periphery.
Characterization of a novel transcript of the EHMT1 gene reveals important diagnostic implications for Kleefstra syndrome (2011)

The core phenotype of Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is characterized by intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, and a characteristic facial appearance. This can be caused by either submicroscopic 9q34 deletions or loss of function mutations of the EHMT1 gene. Remarkably, in three patients with a clinical suspicion of KS, molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed an interstitial 9q34 microdeletion proximal to the coding region of the EHMT1 gene based on the NM_ 024757.3 transcript. Because we found a mono-allelic EHMT1 transcript suggestive for haploinsufficiency of EHMT1 in two of these patients tested, we hypothesized that a deletion of regulatory elements or so far unknown coding sequences in the 5' region of the EHMT1 gene, might result in a phenotype compatible with KS. We further characterized the molecular content of deletions proximal to the transcript NM_ 024757.3 and confirmed presence of a novel predicted open reading frame comprising 27 coding exons (NM_ 024757.4). Further analysis showed that all three deletions included the presumed novel first exon of the EHMT1 gene. Subsequent testing of 75 individuals without previously detectable EHMT1 aberrations showed one additional case with a deletion comprising only this 5' part of the gene. These results have important implications for the genetic screening of KS and for studies of the functional significance of EHMT1.
Decreased KAT5 Expression Impairs DNA Repair and Induces Altered DNA Methylation in Kidney Podocytes (2019)

Altered DNA methylation plays an important role in the onset and progression of kidney disease. However, little is known about how the changes arise in disease states. Here, we report that KAT5-mediated DNA damage repair is essential for the maintenance of kidney podocytes and is associated with DNA methylation status. Podocyte-specific KAT5-knockout mice develop severe albuminuria with increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), increased DNA methylation of the nephrin promoter region, and decreased nephrin expression. Podocyte KAT5 expression is decreased, whereas DNA DSBs and DNA methylation are increased in diabetic nephropathy; moreover, KAT5 restoration by gene transfer attenuates albuminuria. Furthermore, KAT5 decreases DNA DSBs and DNA methylation at the same nephrin promoter region, which indicates that KAT5-mediated DNA repair may be related to DNA methylation status. These results suggest a concept in which an environment of DNA damage repair, which occurs with decreased KAT5, may affect DNA methylation status.
Poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) γ‐Fe2O3 polymer composite–super paramagnetic behavior and variable range hopping 1D conduction mechanism–synthesis and characterization (2007)

Abstract The present paper reports the preparation of poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) ferrimagnetic conducting polymer composite by incorporation of ferrite particles in the polymer matrix by emulsion polymerization. Synthesis of PEDOT– γ ‐Fe 2 O 3 composite was carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization of EDOT with ferrite particles in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) that works as dopant as well as surfactant in aqueous medium. The resulting conducting composite possesses saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 20.56 emu/g with a conductivity of 0.4 Scm −1 , which was determined by VSM and four probe technique, respectively. B‐H curve reveals that ferrimagnetic particles of γ ‐Fe 2 O 3 show super‐paramagnetic behavior at room temperature which was also observed in PEDOT– γ ‐Fe 2 O 3 composite. The resulting conducting ferrimagnetic composite shows microwave absorption loss of 18.7–22.8 dB in the frequency range of 12.4–18 GHz. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composite revealed that the composite is thermally stable up to 230°C. The characterization of the PEDOT– γ ‐Fe 2 O 3 composite was carried out using XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing the presence of potentially explosive gases during colonoscopy: Results of the SATISFACTION study (2023)

This study tested the hypothesis that bowel preparation with mannitol should not affect the colonic concentration of H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> . Therefore, the SATISFACTION study, an international, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group phase II-III study investigated this issue. The phase II dose-finding part of the study evaluated H<sub>2</sub> , CH<sub>4</sub> , and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations in 179 patients randomized to treatment with 50 g, 100 g, or 150 g mannitol. Phase III of the study compared the presence of intestinal gases in 680 patients randomized (1:1) to receive mannitol 100 g in single dose or a standard split-dose 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Asc preparation (2 L PEG-Asc). Phase II results showed that mannitol did not influence the concentration of intestinal gases. During phase III, no patient in either group had H<sub>2</sub> or CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations above the critical thresholds. In patients with H<sub>2</sub> and/or CH<sub>4</sub> levels above detectable concentrations, the mean values were below the risk thresholds by at least one order of magnitude. The results also highlighted the effectiveness of standard washing and insufflation maneuvers in removing residual intestinal gases. In conclusion, bowel cleansing with mannitol was safe as the concentrations of H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> were the same as those found in patients prepared with 2 L PEG-Asc. In both groups, the concentrations of gases were influenced more by the degree of cleansing achieved and the insufflation and washing maneuvers performed than by the preparation used for bowel cleansing. The trial protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04759885) and with EudraCT (eudract_number: 2019-002856-18).
AoI-based Finite Horizon Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networked Control Systems (2020)

Age of information (AoI) measures information freshness at the receiver. AoI may provide insights into quality of service in communication systems. For this reason, it has been used as a cross-layer metric for wireless communication protocols. In this work, we employ AoI to calculate penalty functions for a centralized resource scheduling problem. We consider a single wireless link shared by multiple, heterogeneous control systems where each sub-system has a time-varying packet loss probability. Sub-systems are competing for network resources to improve the accuracy of their remote estimation process. In order to cope with the dynamically changing conditions of the wireless link, we define a finite horizon age-penalty minimization problem and propose a scheduler that takes optimal decisions by looking H slots into the future. The proposed algorithm has a worst-case complexity that grows exponentially with H. However, by narrowing down our search space within the constrained set of actions, we are able to decrease the complexity significantly without losing optimality. On the contrary, we show by simulations that the benefit of increasing H w.r.t. remote state estimation performance diminishes after a certain H value.
Low cost transceiver for DSRC applications (2006)

In this paper a low cost transceiver for DSRC applications is presented. First a brief overview of the new European Standards is given followed by a possible implementation of a On Board Unit (OBU). The implementation proposed for the RF part can be implemented with very low cost components, making this solution viable for the huge DSRC market.
Flammability properties and electromagnetic interference shielding of PVC/graphene composites containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles (2015)

The presence of combined graphene with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles in PVC matrix can endow the resulting nanocomposites with improved flame retardancy and electromagnetic interference shielding properties besides reinforced mechanical properties.
Clinical Trial Design for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Model for Rare Diseases (2014)

Clinical research in rare diseases, including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), faces challenges not shared by common disease research. These challenges may include the limited number of patient volunteers available for research, lack of natural history studies on which to base many clinical trial interventions, an urgency for the development of drug therapies given the often poor prognosis of rare diseases and uncertainties about appropriate biomarkers and clinical outcomes critical to clinical trial design. To address these challenges and initiate formal discussions among key stakeholders-patients, researchers, industry, federal regulators-the Alpha-1 Foundation hosted the <i>Clinical Trial Design for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Model for Rare Diseases</i> conference February 3-4, 2014 in Bethesda, Maryland. Discussions at the conference led to the conclusions that 1) adaptive designs should be considered for rare disease clinical trials yet more dialogue and study is needed to make these designs feasible for smaller trials and to address current limitations; 2) natural history studies, including the identification of appropriate biomarkers are critically needed and precompetitive collaborations may offer a means of creating these costly studies; and 3) patient registries and databases within the rare disease community need to be more publicly available and integrated, particularly for AATD. This report summarizes the discussions leading to these conclusions.
A facile ring transformation of 5-aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one into 2-alkoxy-1H-imidazoles in the presence of oxidative metal salts and alkyl alcohols (1991)

5-Amino-6-methyl-3-phenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one 1 was transformed into 2-alkoxy-1H-imidazoles 2a–f by treatment with various oxidative metal salts such as CuCl2, CuBr2, Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, Tl(NO3)3, FeCl3 and Pb(OAc)4 in alkyl alcohols.