gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced latent heat of fusion thermal energy storage for solar power systems (1985)

The use of solar thermal power systems coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) is being studied for both terrestrial and space applications. In the case of terrestrial applications, it was found that one or two hours of TES could shift the insolation peak (solar noon) to coincide with user peak loads. The use of a phase change material (PCM) is attractive because of the higher energy storage density which can be achieved. However, the use of PCM has also certain disadvantages which must be addressed. Proof of concept testing was undertaken to evaluate corrosive effects and thermal ratcheting effects in a slurry system. It is concluded that the considered alkali metal/alkali salt slurry approach to TES appears to be very viable, taking into account an elimination of thermal ratcheting in storage systems and the reduction of corrosive effects. The approach appears to be useful for an employment involving temperatures applicable to Brayton or Stirling cycles.
Combining expert system and analytical redundancy concepts for fault-tolerant flight control (1989)

A technique for rule-based fault-tolerant flight control is presented. The objective is to define methods for designing control systems capable of accommodating a wide range of aircraft failures, including sensor, control, and structural failures. A software architecture that integrates quantitative analytical redundancy techniques and heuristic expert system concepts for the purpose of in-flight, real-time fault tolerance is described. The resultant controller uses a rule-based expert system approach to transform the problem of failure accommodation task scheduling and selection into a problem of search. Control system performance under sensor and control failures using linear discrete-time deterministic simulations of a tandem-rotor helicopter's dynamics is demonstrated. It is found that the rule-based control technique enhances existing redundancy management systems, providing smooth integration of symbolic and numeric computation, a search-based decision-making mechanism, straightforward system organization and debugging, an incremental growth capability, and inherent parallelism for computational speed.
Complexity analysis of spontaneous brain activity: effects of depression and antidepressant treatment (2011)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) allows the real-time recording of neural activity and oscillatory activity in distributed neural networks. We applied a non-linear complexity analysis to resting-state neural activity as measured using whole-head MEG. Recordings were obtained from 20 unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder and 19 matched healthy controls. Subsequently, after 6 months of pharmacological treatment with the antidepressant mirtazapine 30 mg/day, patients received a second MEG scan. A measure of the complexity of neural signals, the Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC), was derived from the MEG time series. We found that depressed patients showed higher pre-treatment complexity values compared with controls, and that complexity values decreased after 6 months of effective pharmacological treatment, although this effect was statistically significant only in younger patients. The main treatment effect was to recover the tendency observed in controls of a positive correlation between age and complexity values. Importantly, the reduction of complexity with treatment correlated with the degree of clinical symptom remission. We suggest that LZC, a formal measure of neural activity complexity, is sensitive to the dynamic physiological changes observed in depression and may potentially offer an objective marker of depression and its remission after treatment.
Induction of Neurite Outgrowth by Interleukin-6 Is Accompanied by Activation of Stat3 Signaling Pathway in a Variant PC12 Cell (E2) Line (1996)

PC12-E2 cells, a stable variant subcloned from native cell populations, produce neurites in a rapid, transcription-independent manner upon exposure to nerve growth factor (NGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). They also give a similar morphological response to interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is, however, transcription-dependent and with a slower onset, a phenomenon basically not observed in native PC12 cells. The response profile of PC12-E2 cells to NGF and bFGF is similar to that observed for native PC12 cells pre-exposed (primed) to NGF, and such cells also respond to IL-6 in a fashion indistinguishable from PC12-E2 cells. Mechanistically, NGF and bFGF induce a sustained phosphorylation and activation of ERK1 and ERK2 in both cells, while IL-6 produces only a transient and weak tyrosine phosphorylation. However, it does stimulate a prolonged and biphasic tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Stat3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3; at least 24 h) and, to a lesser extent, Stat1. Gel shift and supershift analyses confirm that IL-6 predominantly activates Stat3 (and some Stat1) and stimulates sis-inducible element binding activity. Other members of the same cytokine subfamily, including ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor, also cause a transient initial phase of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Stat1 and Stat3 (up to 1 h) but fail to stimulate a second phase of response and do not produce significant neurites. These results suggest that sustained signaling of either STAT or ERK pathways in PC12-E2 cells leads to induction of neuronal differentiation. However, only the latter is effective in native PC12 cells as the activation of Stat3 and Stat1 in native PC12 cells by IL-6 fails to induce neuronal differentiation. Thus, the response of PC12-E2 cells to IL-6 suggests the constitutive expression of a required factor(s) for differentiation, that is induced in native PC12 cells by NGF or bFGF (possibly by ERK activation), but not by IL-6 via Janus kinase/STAT activation. This factor(s), which has a sufficient half-life to allow primed cells to remain responsive to IL-6 for several days, is necessary but not sufficient for differentiation (as measured by neurite proliferation) to occur.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 variant may be much more infective than preexisting variants (2022)

ABSTRACT Objectives In our previous research, we developed a mathematical model via molecular simulation analysis to predict the infectivity of seven SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this report, we aimed to predict the relative risk of the recent new variants of SARS-CoV-2 as based on our previous research. Methods We subjected Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.75 variants of SARS-CoV-2 to the analysis to determine the absolute evolutionary distance of the spike protein gene (S gene) of the variants from the Wuhan variant so as to appreciate the changes in the spike protein. We performed the molecular docking simulation analyses of the spike proteins with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to understand the docking affinities of these variants. We then compared the evolutionary distances and the docking affinities of these variants with those of the seven variants that we had analyzed in our previous research. Results The evolutionary distances of the S gene in BA.4/5 and BA.2.75 from the Wuhan variant were longer than those of the other variants. BA.2.75 had the highest docking affinity of the spike protein with ACE2 (ratio per Wuhan variant). Conclusion The important results from this analysis are the following: BA.2.75 has both the highest docking affinity and the longest evolutionary distance of the S gene. These results suggest that BA.2.75 infection can spread farther than can infections of preexisting variants.
Intuitive method for vector calculus identities (2006)

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Preparation and Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)- and Cu(OH)2−Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Intercalated Graphite Oxides (1998)

Poly(vinyl alcohol)- (PVA) and Cu(OH)2−PVA-intercalated graphite oxide (GO) were prepared and characterized in detail. The Ic values of PVA-intercalated GO varied widely in the range 1.32−2.24 nm. In the case of PVA-intercalated GO, a stepwise increase of the Ic value of ∼0.5 nm was observed along with the increase of amount of intercalated PVA, which suggests that two types of orientation of PVA occur in GO layer, that is, PVA chains lie in the layer as a single layer or as double layers. In the case of Cu(OH)2−PVA-intercalated GO, the Ic values changed in very wide range between 1.66 and 4.96 nm, strongly depending on the pH value of the solution. The formation of intercalation compound with about ∼2.0 nm indicated that the PVA−Cu(OH)2 complex that was observed only in aqueous solution was isolated in the form of solid by means of intercalation into the GO layer for the first time. The change of the Ic values over a wide range suggests that the Cu(OH)2−PVA complex can take on various kinds of conformation in the layer of GO.
Stereochemistry of intramolecular Diels–Alder furan (IMDAF) reactions of furyl-substituted chiral ethanolamides (2003)

This paper describes the stereoselective outcome of the intramolecular Diels-Alder furan (IMDAF) reaction of substituted (2S,3S)-ethanolamides 9-13, which were synthesised from a furyl substituted cyanohydrin. The latter was obtained from 2-furaldehyde with high enantioselectivity by an oxynitrilase catalysed addition of hydrogen cyanide. The stereochemistry of the IMDAF products was shown to be dependent on the size of the ethanolamide substituents R. Small substituents (H, Me, CN) gave exclusively exo-cycloaddition, whereas more bulky ones (Ph, Et) gave both evo- and endo-addition, the larger phenyl substituent giving a high endo-exo-ratio.
A simplified capless annealing of GaAs for MESFET applications (1984)

A simple capless annealing technique for post-implantation annealing of a GaAs wafer is described. The technique incorporates a novel boat design and uses InAs as the source of arsenic overpressure. Using this technique, wafers annealed at 850°C show mobilities in the range of 4000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with over 85-percent activation for a Si dose of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5 \times 10^{12}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Dopant depth profiles with peak donor densities of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 10^{17}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and minimal tailing were demonstrated. Electron channeling data show that crystallinity is fully restored during the anneal. 1-µm gate length MESFET's processed on n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n implanted layers exhibited <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g_{m} \geq 160</tex> mS/mm and pinchoff voltages in the range of 3 V.
Listeria grayi bacteremia in a heart transplant recipient (2008)

Bacteria belonging to the genus Listeria have been isolated from food products of animal, plant, and fish origin, and are associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts, pregnant women, and infants. The species Listeria grayi has rarely been reported as a human pathogen. It has a unique antibiotic sensitivity profile. We describe a case of L. grayi bacteremia in a heart transplant recipient. The organism demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to ampicillin. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin.
SELECTION OF CONCEPTS FOR AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (AHS) (1996)

This paper describes the work of the National Automated Highway System Consortium in evaluating alternative concepts for operation of an automated highway system. Five concepts were defined in earlier work, and are now being studied so that their best features can be distilled down to a smaller number of concepts for more detailed design, development and testing work. The focus has been on studying the cross-cutting issues that are influenced by the primary attributes of AHS concepts: (a) distribution of intelligence between vehicles and roadside elements; (b) progressive deployment paths (sequence of services offered prior to full maturity); (c) addressing obstacles by vehicle-based detection or infrastructure-based exclusion; (d) fully automated operations only in dedicated lanes or in mixed traffic (with manual vehicles); and (e) separation policy (operation as individual vehicles only or clustered in platoons). The advantages and disadvantages associated with the choices of each of these attributes are being quantified where possible to support the selection of the most appropriate combination of attributes for the system(s) to be developed in the next stage of the program.
N-terminal amino acid sequences of neutral proteases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis: Identification of a neutral protease gene cloned in Bacillus subtilis. (1985)

Bacillus subtilis 1A20 transformed with a hybrid plasmid, pNP150, to which a DNA fragment from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F was attached, produced a large amount of a neutral protease. To identify the origin of the gene specifying this neutral protease, neutral proteases from B. amyloliquefaciens F, B. subtilis NP58 (a derivative of Marburg 6160), and B. subtilis 1A20 transformed with pNP150 were purified. We investigated their immunological properties and primary structures. The proteases from these two species were indistinguishable by chromatography, but they were distinguishable from each other by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. Amino acid sequencing of these two proteases by Edman degradation showed that there were four substitutions in the 20-residue amino acid sequence from the N-termini. Neutral protease from the transformant had the same immunological characteristics and N-terminal amino acid sequence as that from B. amyloliquefaciens. These results meant that the gene in question was derived from a gene specifying the neutral protease in this bacterium.
Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet on Change in Cardiac Biomarkers Over Time: Results From the DASH‐Sodium Trial (2023)

Background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to reduce biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterize the time course of change in biomarkers of cardiac injury (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I), cardiac strain (NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide]), and inflammation (hs-CRP [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein]) while consuming the DASH diet. Methods and Results The DASH-Sodium trial was a randomized controlled trial of 412 adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of the DASH diet or a typical American diet. Energy intake was adjusted to maintain body weight. Measurements of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, NT-proBNP, and hs-CRP were performed in stored serum specimens, collected at baseline and ≈4, 8, and 12 weeks after randomization. In both the control diet and DASH diet, levels of NT-proBNP decreased; however, there was no difference between diets (<i>P</i>-trend compared with control=0.22). On the DASH diet versus control, levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased progressively during follow-up (<i>P-</i>trend compared with control=0.025), but a statistically significant between-diet difference in change from baseline levels was not observed until week 12 (% difference, 17.78% [95% CI, -29.51% to -4.09%]). A similar pattern was evident for hs-CRP (<i>P-</i>trend compared with control=0.01; % difference at week 12, 19.97% [95% CI, -31.94% to -5.89%]). Conclusions In comparison with a typical American diet, the DASH diet reduced high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and hs-CRP progressively over 12 weeks. These results suggest that the DASH diet has cumulative benefits over time on biomarkers of subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00000608.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Intrinsic Gene Expression Profiles of Gliomas Are a Better Predictor of Survival than Histology (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7 from Intrinsic Gene Expression Profiles of Gliomas Are a Better Predictor of Survival than Histology
SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE SOLVOLYSIS OF 2-ARYL-1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL BROMIDES (1998)

Solvolysis rates of substituted 2-aryl-1,1-dimethylethyl bromides (1) were determined in a variety of solvents such as aqueous mixtures of ethanol, acetone, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and also mixtures of ethanol and TFE at 25 ℃, 35 ℃, and 45 ℃. The solvent effects were analyzed in terms of Winstein-Grunwald equation. The solvent effects of 1-4-MeO failed to give a single linear correlation against either Y or YCl (YBr), but exhibited a wide split pattern which could not be related to the solvent nucleophilicity. On the other hand 1-4-CH3 and 1-H gave a fairly good linearity. In the case of 1-4-MeO, a fairly good linearity was observed against YΔ defined from the solvolysis of 4-methoxyneophyl tosylate. It is assumed that resonance interaction between reaction site and aryl-π-system operates to give charge delocalization regardless of the different solvolysis mechanisms. The Hammett-Brown treatment of the solvolytic rate constant of compounds 1 was obtained non-linear two separated lines of - 1.06 to - 1.46, suggesting of mechanistic changeover from kc-ks to kΔ on going from electron-withdrawing to electron-donating substituents as a basis of 4-CH3 group.
State of the art of electricity demand forecasting based on wavelet analisys and a nonlinear autoregressive model NAR (2012)

This paper shows a bibliographic review of studies conducted at the international scope in monthly electric energy demand forecasting, and the works developed in Colombia. In addition, reports the state of the art of investigations done with wavelet transform applied to electric energy prediction and studies reported with the nonlinear neural model autoregressive (NAR) in prediction. Finally we present a proposal for electric demand forecasting for the interconnected sector of Colombia.
Tapered Flying Radiofrequency Undulator (2018)

The x-ray free electron laser (x-FEL) efficiency, measured as a fraction of the electron beam power converted into light, is typically below 0.1% for most of the x-FEL facilities presently in operation. Undulator tapering techniques can be used to improve the conversion efficiency by 1-2 orders of magnitude. However at present there are no robust tapered undulator x-FEL schemes operating at 10% efficiency. In this paper we report on the development of tapered radiofrequency (RF) undulator. An RF undulator is a microwave waveguide in which strong RF field is excited that interacts with a charged particle beam forcing it to radiate coherent x-rays while undergoing a wiggling motion. RF undulators are attractive for use in x-FELs due to their large beam aperture and a short undulator period. Strongly tapered RF undulators (with tapering of a wavelength) due to non-resonant trapping regime allow keeping high overall XFEL efficiency being driven by laser plasma accelerated beams usually having high enough current but large energy spread (1-10%).
Validation of a portable pneumatic captive bolt device as a one-step method of euthanasia for use in depopulation of feedlot cattle (2015)

Results indicated that the PCBD was an effective 1-step method of euthanasia for use in mass depopulation of feedlot cattle.
Reduction in seismic impact of large-scale blasting in open pit mines on the stability of rocks and underground structures in hybrid coal mining (2016)

Hybrid open-pit/underground mineral mining faces a critical problem connected with negative impact produced by large-scale blasting in open pit mines on the stability of underground excavations beneath the pit bottom. In order to mitigate this impact, the scale of blasts is decreased at the same increase in the blasting frequency, which has a negative impact on operation of heavy duty open-pit mining machines. The article proposes a modeled and experimentally justified method to reduce seismic effect of a blast on underlying rock mass by creating a barrier in the form of a pre-broken rock mass (a rock cushion) on the way of a blast wave. The barrier is generated by advanced short-delayed blasting of a small portion at the bottom of distributed pattern of blasthole charges. The damping effect of a large-scale blast through the rock cushion is proved by the commercial trails of the proposed technology in Zarechny Open-Pit Coal Mine, SUEK-Kuzbass (Kiselevsk, Kemerovo Region). The analyzes of seismic records obtained in the lower lying excavations of Taldinskaya-Zapadnaya Mine-2 show that the amplitude of the seismic signals in the range between 30 and 200 Hz decreases not less than by 30 % as compared with the check standard-technology blasting. The next-series large-scale tests demonstrate a decrease in the seismic impact on the underground excavations not less than by 68 % at the reduced seismic impact on the surface not less than by 46 %. The study has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of the Federal Targeted Program on R&amp;D in Priority Areas of Advancement in the Science and Technology of Russia for 2014&ndash;2020.
Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of liquid‐phase benzene hydrogenation (1999)

Abstract Liquid‐phase benzene hydrogenation on Pd/η‐Al 2 O 3 catalysts was studied between 358 and 488 K and over an H 2 pressure range of 7 to 54 atm. Kinetic data were obtained under differential reaction conditions that were free of all transport limitations, thus allowing the development of a kinetic model that could be compared to that for the vapor‐phase reaction. In contrast to vapor‐phase studies at 1 atm, no activity maximum was observed during liquid‐phase hydrogenation between 358 and 493 K and at 54‐atm H 2 pressure. A model that invokes dissociative, noncompetitive H 2 adsorption, addition of the first H atom as the rate‐determining step, and a concurrent dehydrogenated benzene surface species was consistent with experimental observations. The fitted parameters were thermodynamically consistent and agreed with those from previous vapor‐phase studies. In addition, thermodynamic analysis of the quasi‐equilibrated hydrogen adsorption process indicates that in the presence of solvent effects, increasing hydrogen solubility in the liquid phase can increase the surface coverage of hydrogen. In the absence of any solvent effect, however, surface coverage depends only on the partial pressure of hydrogen and is independent of the nature of the solvent. Furthermore, when solvent effects exist, use of the liquid‐phase hydrogen concentration in the rate expression yields a solvent‐independent adsorption equilibrium constant, while in the absence of solvent effects, P should be used in the rate expression to acquire this parameter.