gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UFMylation: A Unique & Fashionable Modification for Life (2016)

Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is one of the newly-identified ubiquitin-like proteins. Similar to ubiquitin, UFM1 is conjugated to its target proteins by a three-step enzymatic reaction. The UFM1-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), serves as the E1 to activate UFM1; UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) acts as the E2 to transfer the activated UFM1 to the active site of the E2; and the UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1) acts as the E3 to recognize its substrate, transfer, and ligate the UFM1 from E2 to the substrate. This process is called ufmylation. UFM1 chains can be cleaved from its target proteins by UFM1-specific proteases (UfSPs), suggesting that the ufmylation modification is reversible. UFM1 cascade is conserved among nearly all of the eukaryotic organisms, but not in yeast, and associated with several cellular activities including the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the UFM1 cascade is closely related to a series of human diseases. In this review, we summarize the molecular details of this reversible modification process, the recent progress of its functional studies, as well as its implication in tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets for cancer.
UV-Driven Switching of Chain Orientation and Liquid Crystal Alignment in Nanoscale Thin Films of a Novel Polyimide Bearing Stilbene Moieties in the Backbone (2008)

A novel photosensitive polyimide, poly(4,4'-stilbenylene 4,4'-oxidiphthalimide) (ODPA-Stilbene PSPI) was newly synthesized. The most surprising feature of this PSPI is that the PSPI films irradiated with linear polarized ultraviolet light (LPUVL) can favorably induce a unidirectional alignment of liquid crystals (LCs) in contact with the film surface and further switch the director of the unidirectionally aligned LCs from a perpendicular direction to a parallel direction with respect to the polarization direction of LPUVL by simply controlling the exposure dose in the irradiation process. These LPUVL-irradiated films were found to provide high anchoring energy to LCs, always giving very stable, homogeneous cells with unidirectionally aligned LCs regardless of the LC alignment directions. In the films, the PSPI polymer chains were found to undergo favorably unidirectional orientation via a specific orientation sequence of the polymer chain segments led by the directionally selective trans-cis photoisomerization of the stilbene chromophore units in the backbone induced by LPUVL exposure. Such unidirectionally oriented polymer chains of the films induce alignment of the LCs along the orientation direction of the polymer chains via favorable anisotropic molecular interactions between the oriented polymer chain segments and the LC molecules. In addition, the PSPI has an excellent film formation processibility; good quality PSPI thin films with a smooth surface are easily produced by simple spin-coating of the soluble poly(amic acid) precursor and subsequent thermal imidization process. In summary, this new PSPI is the promising LC alignment layer candidate with rubbing-free processing for the production of advanced LC display devices, including LC display televisions with large display areas.
Increased expression of TRPV1 channel in intrinsically aged and photoaged human skin in vivo (2008)

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is activated by various stimuli including capsaicin, heat and acid. While TRPV1 has been localized in the epidermis, little is known about the physiological role of TRPV1 in the skin, especially in skin ageing. In this study, we investigated the effect of acute UV irradiation on TRPV1 expression in human skin and the changes in TRPV1 mRNA and protein in intrinsic ageing and photoageing using human sun-protected (upper inner arm) and sun-exposed (forearm) skin of young and elderly subjects. Western blot analysis of UV-irradiated young buttock skin revealed that the expression of TRPV1 protein was increased at 24 h (2.3-fold) and 48 h (2.4-fold) after UV irradiation. Real-time PCR analysis also showed that the mRNA level of TRPV1 was augmented by 2.4-fold at 4 h after UV irradiation. TRPV1 protein was expressed at higher levels by 2.6-fold in the sun-protected skin of the elderly subjects than in that of young people according to western blotting, real-time PCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the photoaged skin of elderly showed increased expression of TRPV1 mRNA and protein compared with that of the sun-protected skin of the same individuals. Also, we found increased expression of TRPV1 in nerve fibres of elderly persons using double staining of TRPV1 and nerve fibres. Based on the above results, our data suggest that the expression of TRPV1 is affected by both the intrinsic ageing and photoageing processes.
Field Air Sampling and Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Analysis of Livestock Odorants with Sorbent Tube GC‐MS∕Olfactometry (2009)

Characterization and quantification of livestock odorants is one of the most challenging analytical tasks because odor‐causing gases are very reactive, polar and often present at very low concentrations in a complex matrix of less important or irrelevant gases. The objective of this research was to develop a novel analytical method for characterization of the livestock odorants including their odor character, odor intensity, and hedonic tone and to apply this method for quantitative analysis of the key odorants responsible for livestock odor. Sorbent tubes packed with Tenax TA were used for field sampling. The automated one‐step thermal desorption module coupled with multidimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry∕olfactometry system was used for simultaneous chemical and odor analysis. Fifteen odorous VOCs and semi‐VOCs identified from different livestock species operations were quantified. Method detection limits ranges from 40 pg for skatole to 3590 pg for acetic acid. In addition, odor character, odor intensity and hedonic tone associated with each of the target odorants are also analyzed simultaneously. We found that the mass of each VOCs in the sample correlates well with the log stimulus intensity. All of the correlation coefficients (R2) are greater than 0.74, and the top 10 correlation coefficients were greater than 0.90.
Toward direct MRI of neuro‐electro‐magnetic oscillations in the human brain (2019)

These initial results provide evidence suggesting that this new technique has the potential to noninvasively and directly image neuroelectric activity in the human brain in vivo. With further development, this approach offers the promise of being able to do so with a combination of spatial and temporal specificity that is beyond what can be achieved with existing neuroimaging methods, which can advance our ability to study the functions and dysfunctions of the human brain.
Hyperthermia-induced vascular injury in normal and neoplastic tissue (1985)

The sequential morphologic alterations in normal skeletal muscle in rats, Walker 256 tumors in rats, and transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) in dogs following microwave-induced hyperthermia (43 degrees C and 45 degrees C for 20 minutes), were studied by histologic and ultrastructural examination. Normal muscle and Walker 256 tumors showed edema, congestion, and hemorrhage at 5 minutes post-heating (PH), followed by suppuration, macrophage infiltration, and thrombosis at 6 and 48 hours PH, and finally by regeneration and repair by 7 days PH. Vascular endothelial damage and parenchymal degeneration were present 5 minutes PH. Progressive injury occurred for at least 48 hours PH. Two hyperthermia treatments separated by a 30- or 60-min cooling interval, were applied to Walker 256 tumors in a subsequent study. Increased selective heating of tumor tissue versus surrounding normal tissue, and increased intratumoral steady state temperatures were found during the second hyperthermia treatment. Canine TVTs were resistant to hyperthermia damage. These results suggest that vascular damage contributes to the immediate and latent cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia in normal tissue and some types of neoplastic tissue, and that selective heating of neoplastic tissue occurs in tumor tissue with disrupted microvasculature.
Current Evidence Supporting the Link Between Dietary Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease (2015)

Lack of consensus exists pertaining to the scientific evidence regarding effects of various dietary fatty acids on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective of this article is to review current evidence concerning cardiovascular health effects of the main dietary fatty acid types; namely, trans (TFA), saturated (SFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA; n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Accumulating evidence shows negative health impacts of TFA and SFA; both may increase CVD risk. Policies have been proposed to reduce TFA and SFA consumption to less than 1 and 7 % of energy intake, respectively. Cardiovascular health might be promoted by replacing SFA and TFA with n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, or MUFA; however, the optimal amount of PUFA or MUFA that can be used to replace SFA and TFA has not been defined yet. Evidence suggests of the potential importance of restricting n-6 PUFA up to 10 % of energy and obtaining an n-6/n-3 ratio as close as possible to unity, along with a particular emphasis on consuming adequate amounts of essential fatty acids. The latest evidence shows cardioprotective effects of MUFA-rich diets, especially when MUFA are supplemented with essential fatty acids; namely, docosahexaenoic acid. MUFA has been newly suggested to be involved in regulating fat oxidation, energy metabolism, appetite sensations, weight maintenance, and cholesterol metabolism. These favorable effects might implicate MUFA as the preferable choice to substitute for other fatty acids, especially given the declaration of its safety for up to 20 % of total energy.
Towards a taxonomy of virtual reality user interfaces (2002)

Virtual reality based user interfaces (VRUIs) are expected to bring about a revolution in computing. VR can potentially communicate large amounts of data in an easily understandable format. VR looks very promising, but it is still a very new interface technology for which very little application oriented knowledge is available. As a basis for such a future VRUI design theory, a taxonomy of VRUIs is required. A general model of human computer communication is formulated. This model constitutes a frame for the integration of partial taxonomies of human computer interaction that are found in the literature. The whole model constitutes a general user interface taxonomy. The field of VRUIs is described and delimited with respect to this taxonomy.
7-Hexanoyltaxol–Eluting Stent for Prevention of Neointimal Growth (2002)

Detailed IVUS analysis revealed that qDES had comparable acute mechanical and superior long-term biological effects to BMS. Although the long-term benefits and limitations of this technology require further investigation, the reduction in neointimal thickenings demonstrated that local delivery of 7-hexanoyltaxol through polymer sleeves augments conventional mechanical treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
Milk nitrogen fractions in holstein-friesian cows as affected by amount and protein concentration of the concentrates (1993)

Recent experiments have shown consistent improvements in grass silage intake and milk yield by cows in response to increasing concentrations of crude protein (CP) in the concentrates. Such results have led to recommendations that a strategy for winter feeding of dairy cows should be based on relatively small amounts of high-protein concentrates with grass silage ad libitum . There is, however, little information about the possible effects of such a strategy on milk nitrogen fractions. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of two approaches to increasing the CP concentration of the concentrates on milk yield and composition, particularly nitrogen fractions. From calving, 44 muciparous Holstein-Friesian cows were given 3 weeks on a standard diet and then were allocated to one of five concentrate treatments with grass silage ad libitum from weeks 4 to 18 of lactation. Concentrates were formulated to contain 200, 300, 400 or 600g CP/kg DM (Table 1). The silage contained 312g DM/kg and, per kg DM, 483g neutral detergent fibre, 286g acid detergent fibre, 168g CP, 16lg lactic acid, 14g acetic acid and l.lg butyric acid. Ammonia-N was 69g/kg total N and pH was 3.9.
Graphene: an overview of technology in the electric vehicles of the future (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In recent years there has been an increase in the development of vehicles that use alternative energy sources, more specifically electric vehicles, intending to establish the transition from combustion engines, bringing to the automotive chain a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels. Electrified vehicles help to improve air quality by drastically reducing the emission of harmful gases and contributing to a considerable improvement in sound quality, due to the use of their silent electric motors. A material allied to these alternative technologies is graphene, few layers (usually up to 6) of Carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal and crystalline form in a two-dimensional plane lattice. Its unique chemical structure allows it to share its exceptional properties with other materials, making it a strong candidate to meet the needs and improve products of the automotive sector. When applied to polymeric composites, they can be used to replace conventional materials, such as metallic parts, and technologies for optimizing polymeric parts that already exist in vehicles. In the case of polypropylene, a polyolefin presents in the automotive industry with fiber reinforcement, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in structural and functional properties, by nanometric inclusions of graphene particles. The addition of graphene enhances its mechanical properties while adding useful life and lightness, making it an interesting option for the sector. From this innovative and sustainable perspective, achieving weight reduction for structural and non-structural applications, increasing the useful life of materials, and more efficient battery charging requires finding an alternative material capable of filling this gap, with graphene being an excellent candidate to perform the improvement generation of electric vehicles, as lightweight construction and efficiencies will continue to be one of the decisive requirements for electric vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Diesel Exhaust Exposure Enhances the Persistence of Endometriosis Model in Rats (2008)

Diesel exhaust (DE) is known to be one of the main causes of air pollution. Several studies have suggested that DE causes lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, abnormal reproductive function, and central nervous system damage as well as type I allergy in the airway. Type I allergy also plays a role in pathogenesis of endometriosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of exposure to DE on a rat model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by autotransplantation of endometrium to the peritoneum in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to DE during prenatal and postnatal periods. Endometriotic lesions, normal peritoneum, and blood samples were obtained on days 4, 7, and 14 after autotransplantation. The extent of stromal proliferative lesions in the endometriosis model was greater in the rats of the DE exposure group than in those of the control group on day 14. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 level was significantly higher in rats with endometriosis in the DE exposure group than in those in the control group on day 14. Results of this study suggest that DE exposure enhances the histologic and molecular pathology of endometriosis in rats.
Near Tracheal Extubation Because of Edema of the Face and Tongue (2002)

Edema of the face and tongue can cause migration of the endotracheal tube out of the trachea. The present case illustrates the importance of preventing this potentially disastrous complication because reintubation might be impossible when the edema is severe.
A recombinant cytotoxic chimera based on mammalian deoxyribonuclease-I (2000)

A number of mammalian proteins with suitable biological activities have been considered for use in targeted tumour therapy. Deoxyribonuclease-I (DNase-I), an endonuclease that degrades double-stranded DNA, represents an attractive candidate for tumour targeting since it is normally non-toxic yet could be highly cytotoxic when redirected to the cell nucleus. Our aim was to investigate the cytotoxic potential of mammalian DNase-I and its possible use in tumour-targeting strategies for cancer therapy. A chimeric molecule comprising a scFv reactive against the human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP) and bovine pancreatic DNase-I was designed and investigated. The development of a tightly controlled system for the bacterial expression of DNase-I and its chimera is described. The production and purification of active DNase-I from the soluble cell fraction and significant yields from the insoluble fraction by isolation and refolding are described. The construction, expression, purification and in vitro characterisation of an anti-PLAP scFv-DNase-I chimera is also described. This molecule was shown to possess both antigen-binding and DNA-degrading activity in in vitro assays, thus combining the specific cell-targeting properties of the scFv and the potent, highly catalytic activity of the endonuclease. Furthermore, this chimeric molecule was highly cytotoxic in vitro in cells expressing the PLAP antigen. Targeting mammalian DNase-I provides a novel therapeutic strategy for selective cell killing, with the promise of less systemic toxicity and immunogenicity than currently used immunotoxins.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of theFusarium dimerumspecies group (2009)

The morphospecies Fusarium dimerum, known only from its anamorph, comprises at least 12 phylogenetically distinct species. Analyses of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) show they are taxa of the Nectriaceae (Hypocreales), related to F. domesticum and form a phylogenetically distinct clade within Fusarium. Fusarium dimerum, for which no herbarium material could be located, is characterized by macroconidia with a single, median septum, according to the original description and illustration. Fusarium lunatum (= F. dimerum var. violaceum) forms similar but longer macroconidia and purple, catenate or clustered chlamydospores. Fusarium delphinoides sp. nov., F. biseptatum sp. nov., F. penzigii sp. nov., F. nectrioides comb. nov. (= F. dimerum var. nectrioides) and two unnamed Fusarium spp. produce macroconidia with mostly two or rarely three septa. The name F. dimerum, which originally was applied to a fungus from a citron, is used for a taxon including isolates causing infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Fusarium nectrioides, F. delphinoides, F. penzigii and F. biseptatum are known from soil and dead plant substrata or rarely as agents of trauma-related eye infections of humans. Fusarium lunatum is an inhabitant of the cladodes of species within the cactus genera Opuntia and Gymnocalycium. Its unnamed closest sister taxon, which also forms 1-septate macroconidia and purple, clustered chlamydospores, was isolated from a human sinus. Fusarium delphinoides is a pathogen of the cactus-like African species Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae). Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, LSU rDNA and partial sequences of the elongation factor 1-alpha and beta-tubulin genes identified a clade of several species producing predominately 2-septate macroconidia as the reciprocally monophyletic sister of F. dimerum. The basal sister group of the two aforementioned clades includes Fusarium lunatum and two undescribed species, all of which form 1-septate macroconidia.
Flow-induced vibration of a head gimbal assembly under various conditions (2005)

The flow-induced vibration of a head gimbal assembly (HGA), known as windage, is an obstacle to achieving higher track densities in hard disk drives (HDDs). We examine the characteristics of windage in this paper with the goal of enabling the development of smaller-windage HGAs. We used a 14.5-mm-length (from swage hole center to dimple) HGA in our study. The windage was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer in a spin stand under various conditions, such as different slider radius locations (inner diameter, medium diameter, and outer diameter), disk-rotational speeds, Z heights (distance from arm to disk), and temperatures. With respect to the slider radius location, windage was much greater when the slider was on the outer diameter rather than at other positions. When the slider was positioned at a fixed location, the windage was proportional to the square of the disk rotational speed. At high temperatures, the resonant frequencies decreased and their amplitudes increased. For some resonance modes, there was an optimal Z height. These findings will be useful for evaluating HGAs and optimizing HGAs through experimental design.
Identification and Characterization of the pswP Gene Required for the Parallel Production of Prodigiosin and Serrawettin W1 in Serratia marcescens (2004)

Serratia marcescens mutants defective in production of the red pigment prodigiosin and the biosurfactant serrawettin W1 in parallel were isolated by transposon mutagenesis of strain 274. Cloning of the DNA fragment required for production of these secondary metabolites with different chemical structures pointed out a novel open reading frame (ORF) named pswP. The putative product PswP (230 aa) has the distinct signature sequence consensus among members of phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) which phosphopantetheinylates peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) mostly integrated in the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) system. Since serrawettin W1 belongs to the cyclodepsipeptides, which are biosynthesized through the NRPSs system, and one pyrrole ring in prodigiosin has been reported as a derivative of L -proline tethered to phosphopantetheinylated PCP, the mutation in the single gene pswP seems responsible for parallel failure in production of prodigiosin and serrawettin W1.
Alkenylation of Arenes Using Disubstituted Ethynes by Palladium/Carboxylic Acid Catalysis (2018)

Palladium/carboxylic acid-catalyzed alkenylation of heteroarenes and electron-deficient arenes using alkynes underwent C(sp2)–H bond activation in arene substrates to give the corresponding alkenylarenes straightforwardly. The versatility of this transformation is demonstrated by the double alkenylation of functionalized thiophenes and 5,6-difluorobenzothiadiazole with alkynes and provides a one-step access to vinylene-arylene-vinylene units.
Chaotic and regular behavior of a trapped ion interacting with a laser field (1995)

We study analytically and numerically the motion of a trapped two-level ion in the presence of a resonant laser field. Using a semiclassical description, we find that for sufficiently strong laser fields atomic motion becomes chaotic for a wide range of parameters and initial conditions. The traces of chaotic motion are reflected in the population inversion of the trapped ion, and thus could be observed by using the quantum jump technique.