gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smoking ages your lungs – Results from the COLD cohort (2011)

Background: Calculated Lung Age could be used as motivation to quit smoking. It is unknown whether smoking cessation results in improvement of Lung Age. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that smoking cessation can reduce lung age. Aim: To determine the lung age for current smokers, ex smokers and life long non-smokers using different lung age equations. Methods: We calculated the change in Lung age by 4 different Lung Age equations: Morris [1985], Hansen [2010] Newbury [2010] and the COLD equation [2011]. We utilized the respiratory questionnaire data and pre and post bronchodilator spirometric data from 3,042 people aged 40 years and older in the Canadian Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) study. Four groups of subjects were evaluated: current smokers, ex smokers, lifelong nonsmokers and a subgroup of lifelong nonsmokers who never had respiratory diseases or symptoms. Results: The figure shows Lung age change by smoking status and by 4 age groups: 40-49 years; 50-59 years; 60-69 years; 70 years and older. The results from this cross sectional analysis from all 4 equations were consistent, and showed that active smoking is associated with faster aging of the lungs than life long non-smokers and “quitters”; lifelong non-smokers maintain normal lung age as they grow older; and active smoking is associated with greater lung aging than in “quitters”, for the same tobacco load. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with accelerated lung aging.
Interactions of ionic and non-ionic surfactants with plasma low density lipoprotein (1983)

Surfactants might be useful in facilitating the replacement of the interior of low density lipoprotein (LDL2) (p = 1.02-1.063 g ml-1) with drug molecules. We have used photon correlation spectroscopy, supported by sedimentation velocity measurements to study the effects of surfactants on LDL2. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetrimide, and all non-ionic surfactants studied caused rapid increases of ca 50% in the Stokes' radius up to surfactant/LDL2 molar ratios of ca 1000:1. This was interpreted as due to partial unfolding of the LDL2 protein and intercalation of surfactant with the LDL2 surface layer. At higher concentrations, ionic surfactants and non-ionics with HLB values less than 14.6 decreased the Stokes' radius due to delipidation of LDL2. These interactions are similar to those between surfactants and biological membranes, thus LDL2 might be a useful model system to study surfactant structure-activity relationships.
Face Recognition by Combination of RBF Neural Networks Using Dempster-Shafer Theory (2007)

This paper presents an approach to face recognition based on Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence, which combines the evidences of two radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The degrees of belief of the two RBF neural networks for classification of an image have been estimated using two different feature vectors derived from images of the ORL face database. Then these degrees of belief have been combined using DS theory to improve the overall recognition rates. The average recognition rates of the proposed method have been found to be 83.78%, 88.08%, 97.10%, 98.06% and 97.75%, in 10 different experimental runs of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 training images out of 10 images per individual, respectively. The proposed method is found to be better than some of the existing methods
High-affinity glucose uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not dependent on the presence of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes (1996)

Glucose uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is believed to consist of two kinetically distinguishable components, the affinity of which is modulated during growth on glucose. It has been reported that triple hexose-kinase deletion mutants do not exhibit high-affinity glucose uptake. This raises the question of whether and how high-affinity glucose uptake is related to the presence of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes. In this study the kinetics of glucose uptake in both wild-type cells and cells of hexose-kinase deletion mutants, grown on either glycerol or galactose, were determined using a rapid-uptake method. In wild-type cells glucose uptake measured over either 5 s or 200 ms exhibited high affinity. In contrast, in cells of hexose-kinase deletion mutants the apparent affinity of glucose uptake was dependent on the time scale during which uptake was measured. Measurements on the 5-s scale showed apparent low-affinity uptake whereas measurements on the 200-ms scale showed high-affinity uptake. The affinity and maximal rate of the latter were comparable to those in wild-type cells. Using a simple model for a symmetrical facilitator, it was possible to simulate the experimentally determined relation between apparent affinity and the time scale used. The results suggest that high-affinity glucose transport is not necessarily dependent on the presence of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes. Apparent low-affinity uptake kinetics can arise as a consequence of an insufficient rate of removal of intracellular free glucose by phosphorylation. This study underlines the need to differentiate between influences of the translocator and of metabolism on the apparent kinetics of sugar uptake in yeast.
Automatic fusion of region-based classifiers for coffee crop recognition (2012)

Coffee crop recognition in remote sensing images is a complex task. It poses several challenges due to different spectral responses and texture patterns that can be extracted from coffee regions. This paper presents a novel framework for combining different classifiers using support vector machine technique (SVM), which try to learn with each one of classifiers previews experiences (meta-learning). We investigate the combination of seven learning methods and seven image descriptors aiming at creating low-cost classifiers for coffee crops recognition. The objective is to provide an effective mechanism for coffee crop recognition by fusion of region-based classifiers in remote sensing images. The experiments showed that the proposed framework for fusion of classifiers produces better results than the traditional majority voting fusion approach and all base classifiers tested.
Effect of mechanical actions on cotton fiber quality and foreign-matter particle attachment to cotton fibers (2010)

The effects of various machine-fiber interactions during harvesting and ginning on fiber quality and attachment between foreign-matter particles and fibers were studied to develop new and less damaging methods for removing foreign-matter particles from cotton fiber. In total, the study involved 75 samples collected from five locations in a field near College Station, Texas, including three replications and five different harvesting and processing treatments: (1) hand-picked and hand-ginned, (2) machine-picked and hand-ginned, (3) machine-picked, seedcotton-cleaned, and hand-ginned, (4) machine-picked, seed-cotton-cleaned, and machine-ginned, and (5) machinepicked, seed-cotton-cleaned, machine-ginned, and one-stage lint-cleaned. A microscope was used to identify foreign-matter particles in each sample. Physical characteristics of the particles and their attachment to fibers were investigated and classified. All samples were analyzed with HVI and AFIS. Data of the particle classification, HVI, and AFIS were statistically processed with SAS. Results indicated that each machine-fiber interaction during the harvesting and ginning process had the net effect of decreasing the size of foreign-matter particles. The particles had no obvious difference in shape across the processing stages. The tightness of particle-fiber attachment, the number of neps, and the short fiber content differed significantly as a function of mechanical actions; they all tended to increase as the number of mechanical actions increased. As expected, the gin stand was a major contributor to the increase in short fiber content. The majority of the foreign-matter particles were leaves, but proportions of the particle categories changed with stages of processing. The proportion of leaf particles decreased, while the proportion of seed-coat fragments and stems increased, with an increasing number of mechanical actions.
Genetic Analysis of Type-1 Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Signaling through Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and -2 in Pancreatic β Cells (2010)

Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases regulates pancreatic β cell function. Inactivation of insulin receptor (InsR), IGF1 receptor (Igf1r), or Irs1 in β cells impairs insulin secretion. Conversely, Irs2 ablation impairs β cell replication. In this study, we examined aspects of the Igf1r regulatory signaling cascade in β cells. To examine genetically the involvement of Irs1 and Irs2 in Igf1r signaling, we generated double mutant mice lacking Igf1r specifically in pancreatic β cells in an Irs1- or Irs2-null background. We show that Igf1r/Irs1 double mutants do not differ phenotypically from Irs1 single mutants and exhibit hyperinsulinemia, while maintaining normal β cell mass and glucose tolerance. In contrast, lack of Igf1r function in β cells aggravates the consequences of Irs2 ablation in double mutants and results in lethal diabetes by 6 weeks of age. This additivity of phenotypic manifestations indicates that Irs2 serves a pathway that is largely independent of Igf1r signaling. Consistent with the view that the latter is the InsR pathway, we show that combined β cell-specific knock-out of both Insr and Igf1r results in a phenocopy of double mutants lacking Igf1r and Irs2. We conclude that Igf1r signals primarily through Irs1 and affects insulin secretion, whereas β cell proliferation is mainly regulated by InsR using Irs2 as a downstream signaling effector. The insulin and IGF pathways appear to control β cell functions independently and selectively.
Spherical Nanoparticle Effects on Atomic Pair Distribution Function (2010)

Nanoparticle effects on the atomic pair distribution function are small-angle scattering, particle form factor, and particle pair correlation. Here, the spherical shell particle form factor, spherical pair correlation, and spherical shell pair correlation are calculated using the continuum particle approximation. These results can be used to estimate the spherical particle shape and size in addition to the particle pair correlation for the atomic pair distribution function analysis.
Quality of experience optimized scheduling in multi-service wireless mesh networks (2010)

A growing trend has emerged in network architecture research to switch focus from Quality of Service (QoS) to Quality of Experience (QoE) optimization. In this paper, we first present QoE models that characterize user satisfaction of video, audio, and data services over wireless networks. We then develop a novel packet scheduling algorithm for multi-hop wireless networks that jointly optimizes the delivery of multiple video, audio, and data flows according to the QoE metrics. We formulate a multidimensional optimization problem that minimizes the overall distortion across all flows for the given network resources on wireless links. Fairness constraints over the flows are also considered as part of the optimization. Our experimental results, obtained with the NS-2 IEEE 802.16 MESH-mode simulator, show that distortion-aware scheduling can significantly increase the perceived quality of different wireless services under bandwidth constraints. Additionally, improved fairness across the competing flows is demonstrated relative to conventional scheduling techniques.
Standmengenorientierte Losgrößenbestimmung in der Schmiedeindustrie (2010)

Kurzfassung Der Artikel zeigt die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung des Abnutzungsverhaltens von Präzisionsschmiedewerkzeugen, die im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereiches (SFB) 489 „Prozesskette zur Herstellung präzisionsgeschmiedeter Hochleistungsbauteile“ durchgeführt wurde. Das Abnutzungsverhalten von Präzisionsschmiedewerkzeugen wird dabei in Anlehnung an die Abnutzungskurve der DIN 31 051 beschrieben. Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen wurden zwei messbare Abnutzungsarten festgestellt: Materialabtrag und Materialauftrag. Mit Hilfe der Abnutzungskurve ist die Festlegung einer Schadensgrenze möglich, die als maximale Werkzeugstandmenge bis zur Entstehung von Ausschussteilen interpretiert wird. Ein Ansatz zur Ermittlung einer wirtschaftlichen Losgröße für Schmiedeprozesse unter Berücksichtigung der maximalen Werkzeugstandmenge schließt die Entwicklungslücke einer integrierten Werkzeuginstandsetzungs- und Produktionsplanung.
Isolation and characterization of recombinant clones containing the chicken adult beta-globin gene. (1979)

We have isolated and characterized two independent clones containing the chicken adult beta-globin gene. Each clone contains a 6.2-kilobase-pair Eco RI restriction fragment of chicken erythrocyte DNA inserted into the vector, lambda gtWES . lambda B. The orientation of the inserted fragment is opposite in the two clones. Characterization of the clones by electron microscopic R-loop studies, by restriction enzyme mapping, and by filter hybridization shows that the adult beta-globin gene is interrupted by at least one small and one large intervening sequence. In addition to the complete adult beta-globin gene, at least part of a second beta-globin-like gene was identified about 2.7 kilobase pairs from the 3'-end of the adult gene. The two independent clones, while very similar, do differ at two Msp I restriction endonuclease sites in regions flanking the adult beta-globin gene.
Molecular analyses of glioblastoma stem-like cells and glioblastoma tissue (2020)

Glioblastoma is a common, malignant brain tumor whose disease incidence increases with age. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are thought to contribute to cancer therapy resistance and to be responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance, and recurrence. This study utilizes both SNP array and gene expression profiling to better understand GSCs and their relation to malignant disease. Peripheral blood and primary glioblastoma tumor tissue were obtained from patients, the latter of which was used to generate GSCs as well as a CD133pos./CD15pos. subpopulation. The stem cell features of GSCs were confirmed via the immunofluorescent expression of Nestin, SOX2, and CD133. Both tumor tissue and the isolated primary cells shared unique abnormal genomic characteristics, including a gain of chromosome 7 as well as either a partial or complete loss of chromosome 10. Individual genomic differences were also observed, including the loss of chromosome 4 and segmental uniparental disomy of 9p24.3→p21.3 in GSCs. Gene expression profiling revealed 418 genes upregulated in tumor tissue vs. CD133pos./CD15pos. cells and 44 genes upregulated in CD133pos./CD15pos. cells vs. tumor tissue. Pathway analyses demonstrated that upregulated genes in CD133pos./CD15pos. cells are relevant to cell cycle processes and cancerogenesis. In summary, we detected previously undescribed genomic and gene expression differences when comparing tumor tissue and isolated stem-like subpopulations.
224. The synthesis of lanosterol (lanostadienol) (1957)

R. B. Woodward, A. A. Patchett, D. H. R. Barton, D. A. J. Ives and R. B. Kelly, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1131 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001131
Observations of different oscillation modes and control of droplet sequence in alternating droplet generation (2015)

Controlling the sequence of microdroplet generation is useful for quantitative manipulation of multiple fluids, but little understanding is available for how the sequence can be determined based upon the geometry of a microchannel and the fluid properties. In this work, we study the design of a double Tjunction microchannel, and observe that there are three modes of oscillations of the droplet generation: i) one by one alternate generation, ii) synchronization, and iii) fluctuations. We also report that if the fluids from the two branches have asymmetric properties (e.g. viscosity), we can change the ratios of the droplets in sequence.
Notch ligand Delta-like 4 regulates development and pathogenesis of allergic airway responses by modulating IL-2 production and Th2 immunity (141.15) (2010)

Abstract Activation of the conical Notch pathways have been implicated in Th cell differentiation, but the role of specific Notch ligands in Th2 mediated allergic airway responses has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we show that delta-like 4 (Dll4) was up-regulated on dendritic cells in response to cockroach allergen. Blocking Dll4 in vivo at either the afferent or efferent phases of the immune response enhanced allergen-induced pathogenic responses including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and mucus production via increased Th2 cytokines. In vitro assays demonstrated that Dll4 regulates IL-2 in T cells from established Th2 responses as well as during primary stimulation. Interestingly, Dll4 blockade during the afferent, but not the efferent phase, increased IL-2 levels in lung and lymph node of allergic mice. Moreover, Dll4-mediated Notch activation of T cells during primary stimulation in vitro increased apoptosis during the contraction/resting phase of the response, which could be rescued by exogenous IL-2. Consistent with the role for Dll4-mediated IL-2 regulation in overall T cell function, the frequency of IL-4 producing cells were also significantly altered by Dll4 both in vivo and in vitro. These data demonstrate a regulatory role of Dll4 on both Th2 differentiation as well as on Th2 cytokine production in established Th2 responses.
Synthesis of Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites by Warm Processing of Gas Atomized Powders (2005)

The bulk metallic glass matrix composite comprising Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 metallic glass powder and ductile brass powder was fabricated by the warm process. The warm process was carried out by spark plasma sintering, which led to the homogeneous distribution of both phases of brass and metallic glass without pores. The metallic glass matrix composite material exhibits the same crystallization behavior of the metallic glass powder. A compressive strength of 1.0 GPa with a plastic strain of 3 % was obtained in the present metallic glass composite. The composite with enhanced strength and ductility was successfully achieved by introducing a ductile phase in the hard bulk metallic glass.
Plasma Proneurotensin and Prediction of Cause-Specific Mortality in a Middle-aged Cohort During Long-term Follow-up (2021)

The relationship between Pro-NT and total mortality risk was mainly driven by cardiovascular mortality, but high Pro-NT also predicts death from digestive, mental, and behavioral disease and deaths attributed to unspecific causes.
Flow Cytometric Disease Monitoring in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Study. (2006)

Abstract The persistence of abnormal neoplastic plasma cells (APC) detectable in the bone marrow by flow cytometry at more than 3 months after autografting for multiple myeloma (MM) has been reported to predict early disease progression. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the flow cytometric data from bone marrow aspirates of MM patients before and after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Light scatter properties and CD38 expression were used to identify plasma cells, and CD19/CD45/CD56 further distinguished normal plasma cells (NPC) from APC. Conventional response criteria (Blade criteria) and survival data were also collected. Forty-seven (47) patients treated with the same conditioning regimen were screened. Median follow up from ASCT was 19 months. After ASCT, 66% (31/47) patients achieved complete remission (CR)/very good partial remission (VGPR), as compared to only 36% (17/47) prior to ASCT. In 39 patients with data before and after ASCT, all 39 (100%) had a detectable abnormal plasma cell population identified phenotypically by flow cytometry prior to ASCT. Of these patient, 18/39 (46%) had greater than 30 APC and these patients had significantly shorter PFS independent of other covariates (1-sided P=0.036, 2 sided P=0.072, logrank). Twenty-six out of 39 patients (67%) also had detectable NPC. Following ASCT, the number of patients with detectable NPC increased to 35/39 (89%), while 3/39 (8%) had no detectable NPC and 1/39 (3%) had neither NPC or APC. The proportion of APC decreased significantly after transplant (81% prior to transplant vs. 59% post-transplant, P=0.008, 2 tailed t-test). Patients with a APC to NPC ratio &amp;lt; 1 post transplant has higher PFS rate at 2 year (54%) when compared to patients with higher APC/NPC ratio (29% PFS at 2 year), however, the difference is not statistically significant. In addition to the presence of APC, the ratio of APC to NPC, age, beta-2 microglobulin levels, and the presence of normal immunoglobulin levels were analyzed. Patients who achieved CR/VGPR after transplant had significantly longer PFS (23 months vs. 11 months, P=0.03). All other covariates were not found to be significant. Because only 10 deaths were observed, covariate analysis for OS was not feasible. In conclusion, the recovery of NPC after ASCT is seen in a substantial propotion of patients with a trend towards better PFS in patients with low APC/NPC ratio. On the other hand, the presence of a significant population of APC (&amp;gt; 30) prior to transplant appears to correlate with poorer PFS in MM patients.
Estrogen and Progesterone Measurement and its Quality Control in Breast Cancer: A Reappraisal (1986)

This article illustrates the two main methods for routine measurement of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor status in neoplastic biopsy. The first is the Dextran Coated Charcoal Technique (D.C.C. Assay) which is still the method of choice in the majority of clinical laboratories for its simplicity, reproducibility and low cost. The second is a more advanced technique based on the specific binding, enzymatically displayed, of commercially available antiestrogen monoclonal antibodies (Enzyme Immuno Assay - ABBOTT). The sui generis characteristics of endocrine sensitivity assessment on tumor tissues and the importance of decision-making connected with the assay justify rigorous quality assurance schemes. The quality control design proposed by the Italian Committee concerned the evaluation of several lyophilized preparations with scalar receptor content; this permits the identification through linear regression analysis of systematic and non-systematic errors. The Italian Committee has currently connected 50 labs from most regions of the country.
Serological investigations in Q-fever and listeriosis of wild-living small mammals on the Cape Verde Islands. (1988)

Serological investigations of small mammals had been made on the Island Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), to clear up how far synantropic, small mammals are reservoir hosts for pathogens, such as Coxiella burnetti and Listeria monocytogenes. 367 small mammals representing two species (Rattus rattus and Mus musculus) were trapped. Q-fever antibodies were detected in 155 of 350 examined rats and mice (44.29%). 18.89% of all tested sera showed positive results to Listeria-antigen, serovar 4bH, 5.48% to 4b0 and 9.75% to 01.