gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3364: Preclinical evaluation of BiTE®immune therapy targeting MUC17 or CLDN18.2 for gastric cancer (2020)

Abstract Advanced gastric cancer remains a disease of high unmet medical need. In the United States, most patients present with symptomatic, incurable disease and prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. BiTE® (bispecific T cell engager) immune therapy activates a patient's own T cells to kill tumor cells and has the potential to overcome common mechanisms of therapy resistance. We generated fully human, half-life extended (HLE) BiTE® molecules against the tumor antigens MUC17 and CLDN18.2 for the treatment of gastric cancer. The mucin MUC17 is a protein normally found in the mucosal layer of intestinal epithelial cells that is delocalized and expressed in 45% of gastric tumors. The claudin CLDN18.2 is a protein normally found in the cellular tight junctions of gastric mucosa and intestinal epithelium that is delocalized and expressed in &amp;gt;60% of gastric tumors. AMG 199 (MUC17 HLE BiTE®) and AMG 910 (CLDN18.2 HLE BiTE®) show potent cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer cell lines that express MUC17 or CLDN18.2, respectively, in vitro, and promote significant tumor growth inhibition against established gastric tumor xenograft models in vivo. In preclinical non-human primate (NHP) toxicology studies, both molecules show evidence for BiTE® target engagement, including T cell activation and proliferation, but demonstrate different effects on target-expressing tissue. Weekly administration of AMG 199 is well tolerated in NHP with minimal findings in MUC17-expressing normal tissues. In contrast, treatment with AMG 910 led to direct cell killing of CLDN18.2-expressing gastric mucosal cells in NHP, a finding which was fully reversible once treatment was stopped. AMG 199 and AMG 910 may offer the potential to improve outcomes in advanced gastric patients worldwide. Citation Format: Julie M. Bailis, Petra Lutterbuese, Oliver Thomas, Kathrin Locher, John Harrold, Michael Boyle, Joachim Wahl, Shyun Li, Alexander Sternjak, Anja Henn, Christoph Dahlhoff, Virginie Naegele, Benno Rattel, Tobias Raum, Angela Coxon. Preclinical evaluation of BiTE®immune therapy targeting MUC17 or CLDN18.2 for gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3364.
SEED ACTIVATION AND SEED GERMINATION UNDER MOISTURE STRESS (1977)

SUMMARY Seeds of calabrese and carrot were held at 10°C or 20°C for periods of up to 21 days in water or polyethylene glycol ‘6000’ solutions of from −5 to −20 bars. Seeds were subsequently placed to germinate in a favourable environment or were first dehydrated before transfer to this environment. The seeds’ ability to germinate was virtually unaffected by any of the temperature, water potential or duration treatments. Increasing water stress progressively reduced the levels of water content and oxygen uptake rates after initial imbibition, and delayed the onset of germination with the accompanying increase in these factors. At −15 and −20 bars, water content remained approximately constant throughout the experiment but oxygen uptake rates fell after day 6. The results have a direct bearing both on the seed ‘priming’ treatment used to accelerate seed germination and on the tolerance to drought of seeds in the field.
A Brief Review of Current Lithium Ion Battery Technology and Potential Solid State Battery Technologies (2018)

Solid state battery technology has recently garnered considerable interest from companies including Toyota, BMW, Dyson, and others. The primary driver behind the commercialization of solid state batteries (SSBs) is to enable the use of lithium metal as the anode, as opposed to the currently used carbon anode, which would result in ~20% energy density improvement. However, no reported solid state battery to date meets all of the performance metrics of state of the art liquid electrolyte lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and indeed several solid state electrolyte (SSE) technologies may never reach parity with current LIBs. We begin with a review of state of the art LIBs, including their current performance characteristics, commercial trends in cost, and future possibilities. We then discuss current SSB research by focusing on three classes of solid state electrolytes: Sulfides, Polymers, and Oxides. We discuss recent and ongoing commercialization attempts in the SSB field. Finally, we conclude with our perspective and timeline for the future of commercial batteries.
Thrombin generation testing in routine clinical practice: are we there yet? (2008)

Summary Thrombin is the central enzyme in the coagulation cascade. Estimation of an individual’s potential to generate thrombin may correlate more closely with a hyper‐ or hypo‐coagulable phenotype, compared to traditional coagulation tests. The possible correlation and recent technical advances in thrombin generation measurement has caused a significant interest in the method and the development of commercial assays. Several variations of the assay exist depending on the defect to be investigated. Fluorogenic thrombin generation assays have acceptable intra‐laboratory variation but a higher inter‐laboratory variation. Variation in preanalytical variables makes comparisons between studies difficult. Thrombin generation is highly variable between individuals and there are suggestions that this may allow individualized treatment based on global haemostatic response in patients with bleeding disorders or on anticoagulant therapy. In patients with thrombotic disorders it may be possible to identify those at higher risk of recurrent thrombosis. For both scenarios, however, data from large prospective studies are lacking or inconclusive and a good relationship between thrombin generation and phenotype remains to be established. Further standardization of the assay is needed before large multicentre studies can be conducted and until then thrombin generation in routine clinical practice is not yet a reality.
Control ofBorrelia burgdorferi-Specific CD4+-T-Cell Effector Function by Interleukin-12- and T-Cell Receptor-Induced p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity (2006)

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, results in a Th1 response and proinflammatory cytokine production. Mice deficient for MKK3, an upstream activator of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, develop a lower Th1 response and exhibit an impaired ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines upon infection with the spirochete. We investigated the contribution of p38 MAP kinase activity in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in CD4+ T cells in response to specific antigen through T-cell receptor (TCR)- and interleukin-12 (IL-12)-mediated signals. The specific inhibition of p38 MAP kinase in T cells and the administration of a pharmacological inhibitor of the kinase during the course of infection with the spirochete resulted in reduced levels of IFN-gamma in the sera of infected mice. Our results also demonstrate that although p38 MAP kinase activity is not required for the differentiation of B. burgdorferi-specific CD4+ T cells, the production of IFN-gamma by Th1 effector cells is regulated by the kinase. Both TCR engagement and IL-12 induced the production of the Th1 cytokine through the activation of the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Thus, the inhibition of this pathway in vitro resulted in decreased levels of IFN-gamma during restimulation of B. burgdorferi-specific T cells in response to anti-CD3 and IL-12 stimulation. These results clarify the specific contribution of the p38 MAP kinase in the overall immune response to the spirochete and its role in the effector function of B. burgdorferi-specific T cells.
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 is expressed in the human hair follicle (2000)

To understand better the mechanisms by which thyroid hormone can exert its effects on the hair follicle, we looked for the expression of members of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) family in human hair follicles. Immunoreactive TRs were detected in both dermal and epithelial compartments of the human pilosebaceous unit. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we established that TRbeta1 was the predominant form of TR expressed in the human hair follicle. In addition, we investigated the effects of 3,3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) on the survival of human hair follicles in vitro, to understand the role of this thyroid hormone on hair follicle homeostasis. A physiological level of free T3 significantly enhanced human hair survival in vitro.
Disruption of the HNF-4 gene, expressed in visceral endoderm, leads to cell death in embryonic ectoderm and impaired gastrulation of mouse embryos. (1994)

Expression of HNF-4, a transcription factor in the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, is detected only in the visceral endoderm of mouse embryos during gastrulation and is expressed in certain embryonic tissues from 8.5 days of gestation. To examine the role of HNF-4 during embryonic development, we disrupted the gene in embryonic stem cells and found that the homozygous loss of functional HNF-4 protein was an embryonic lethal. Cell death was evident in the embryonic ectoderm at 6.5 days when these cells normally initiate gastrulation. As assessed by expression of Brachyury and HNF-3 beta, primitive streak formation and initial differentiation of mesoderm do occur, but with a delay of approximately 24 h. Development of embryonic structures is severely impaired. These results demonstrate that the expression of HNF-4 in the visceral endoderm is essential for embryonic ectoderm survival and normal gastrulation.
ONC201 kills solid tumor cells by triggering an integrated stress response dependent on ATF4 activation by specific eIF2α kinases (2016)

ONC201 (also called TIC10) is a small molecule that inactivates the cell proliferation- and cell survival-promoting kinases Akt and ERK and induces cell death through the proapoptotic protein TRAIL. ONC201 is currently in early-phase clinical testing for various malignancies. We found through gene expression and protein analyses that ONC201 triggered an increase in TRAIL abundance and cell death through an integrated stress response (ISR) involving the transcription factor ATF4, the transactivator CHOP, and the TRAIL receptor DR5. ATF4 was not activated in ONC201-resistant cancer cells, and in ONC201-sensitive cells, knockdown of ATF4 or CHOP partially abrogated ONC201-induced cytotoxicity and diminished the ONC201-stimulated increase in DR5 abundance. The activation of ATF4 in response to ONC201 required the kinases HRI and PKR, which phosphorylate and activate the translation initiation factor eIF2α. ONC201 rapidly triggered cell cycle arrest, which was associated with decreased abundance of cyclin D1, decreased activity of the kinase complex mTORC1, and dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. The abundance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) negatively correlated with the extent of apoptosis in response to ONC201. These effects of ONC201 were independent of whether cancer cells had normal or mutant p53. Thus, ONC201 induces cell death through the coordinated induction of TRAIL by an ISR pathway.
Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation and Experimental Validation (2013)

This paper presents a comparison study of three different methods for the estimation of vehicle’s lateral velocity: one based on algebraic relationships, a second based on a dynamic observer, and lastly one based on kinematic equations. All methods are based on the implementation of an experimental nonlinear model that relates the front and rear axles’ lateral forces to their respective side slip angles. These nonlinear models include the effects of different surface coefficients of friction, and all three methods include a real time estimation of the surface coefficient of friction based on standard production sensors. Real time estimation performance of the proposed observers is compared and evaluated based on experimental implementation on a series production vehicle. Vehicle dynamic tests include highly dynamic maneuvers such as slaloms, single and double lane changes, fishhooks on test surfaces such as ice, snow, gravel, and wet/dry asphalt.
Dialogue Session Segmentation by Embedding-Enhanced TextTiling (2016)

In human-computer conversation systems, the context of a userissued utterance is particularly important because it provides useful background information of the conversation.However, it is unwise to track all previous utterances in the current session as not all of them are equally important.In this paper, we address the problem of session segmentation.We propose an embedding-enhanced TextTiling approach, inspired by the observation that conversation utterances are highly noisy, and that word embeddings provide a robust way of capturing semantics.Experimental results show that our approach achieves better performance than the TextTiling, MMD approaches.
Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines (2020)

The interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has barely been studied, we investigated the effect of graphene and two different graphene oxides against four multiple myeloma cell lines, namely KMS-12-BM, H929, U226, and MM.1S, as well as two non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells lines, namely KARPAS299 and DOHH-2. We performed two types of viability assays, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate detection), flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle, cell morphology, and direct interaction analysis using two approaches-visualization of living cells by two different systems, and visualization of fixed and dyed cells. Our results revealed that graphene and graphene oxides exhibit low to moderate cytotoxicity against cells, despite visible interaction between the cells and graphene oxide. This creates possibilities for the application of the selected graphene materials for drug delivery systems or theragnostics in hematological malignancies; however, further detailed studies are necessary to explain the nature of interactions between the cells and the materials.
Image-based ventricular blood flow analysis (1998)

We describe a novel and non-invasive method for the quantitative analysis of blood flow in the left ventricle of specific human patients using information derived from medical images. There are three major components to the method. First, a new approach to the segmentation problem is presented which locates the ventricle (or other organs of interest) in medical images. The method is independent of the imaging modality used (for example, MR, CT, and Ultrasound) and is automatic, requiring as initialization a single point within the interior of the ventricle. Existing segmentation techniques either require much more information during initialization, such as an approximation to the boundary of an object, or are not robust to the types of noisy data encountered in the medical domain. By integrating region-based and physics-based modeling techniques we have devised a hybrid design that overcomes these limitations. In our experiments we demonstrate, across imaging modalities, that this integration automates and significantly improves the boundary detection results. Next, a technique known as MRI-SPAMM is applied to extract the full 3D motion of the ventricular walls. This technique applies a magnetic grid within the heart tissue which deforms along with the tissue through the cardiac cycle and appears in MR images. By tracking the deformation in the images using a physics-based model, the wall motion can be quantified. Finally, the ventricular wall motion information is used by an efficient computational fluid dynamics solver to simulate the flow of blood through the ventricle. Boundary conditions for the solver are directly derived from the wall motion information, which allows for the first time a patient-specific LV blood flow simulation. We present experiments using data from both normal and diseased subjects and compare our results with other techniques for estimating ventricular blood flow.
Arsenite Oxidation-Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenolic Pollutants on Platinized TiO2 (2014)

The effect of As(III) on the photocatalytic degradation of phenolic pollutants such as 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in a suspension of platinized TiO2 (Pt/TiO2) was investigated. In the presence of As(III), the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CP and BPA was significantly enhanced, and the simultaneous oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was also achieved. This positive effect of As(III) on the degradation of phenolic pollutants is attributed to the adsorption of As(V) (generated from As(III) oxidation) on the surface of Pt/TiO2, which facilitates the production of free OH radicals ((•)OHf) that are more reactive than surface-bound OH radicals ((•)OHs) toward phenolic pollutants. The generation of (•)OHf was indirectly verified by using coumarin as an OH radical trapper and comparing the yields of coumarin--OH adduct (i.e., 7-hydroxycoumarin) formed in the absence and presence of As(V). In repeated cycles of 4-CP degradation, the degradation efficiency of 4-CP gradually decreased in the absence of As(III), whereas it was mostly maintained in the presence of As(III), which was either initially present or repeatedly injected at the beginning of each cycle. The positive effect of As(III) on 4-CP degradation was observed over a wide range of As(III) concentrations (up to mM levels) with Pt/TiO2. However, a high concentration of As(III) (hundreds of μM) inhibited the degradation of 4-CP with bare TiO2. Therefore, Pt/TiO2 can be proposed as a practical photocatalyst for the simultaneous oxidation of phenolic pollutants and As(III) in industrial wastewaters.
Improving the Quality of Set Yoghurt Using Milk Fat Globule Membrane Fragments (2023)

Lacprodan®PL20, a dairy ingredient that is rich in protein and polar lipids, was added into set yoghurts produced from nonhomogenized raw milk. The set yoghurts were prepared using concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% Lacprodan®PL20, while the control sample was only supplemented with skim milk powder. The effect of Lacprodan®PL20 concentrations on the physical and chemical properties, rheology, and microstructure of set yoghurt was thoroughly investigated to determine some likely improvement or changes in quality. Consequently, Lacprodan®PL20 showed a gradual improvement in the set yoghurt nutritive values, water holding capacity, and apparent viscosity. The results indicated that the firmness of set yoghurt was altered which steadily improved the gel strength, especially at 4% and 6% concentrations. The fermentation process was slightly delayed at 4% and 6% concentrations and pH values were raised as Lacprodan®PL20 concentration increased. The microstructures of the set yoghurts produced with Lacprodan®PL20, as examined by scanning electron microscopy, revealed compacted structures with fewer and smaller holes in the gel matrices. Also, a slight color change was observed in set yoghurt using a colorimeter. These results vividly showed that Lacprodan®PL20, an enriched milk fat globule membrane fragment, has the potential to improve set yoghurt quality by reducing some defects associated with set yoghurt, such as low gel strength, low dry solids, and the likes.
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, and polysiloxanes containing 4‐methoxy‐4′‐hydroxy‐α‐methylstilbene‐based mesogenic groups (1989)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of polymethacrylates and polyacrylates containing 4‐methoxy‐4′‐hydroxy‐α‐methylstilbene side groups attached either directly or through flexible spacers containing eleven, eight, six, three, and respectively two methylenic units, and of the polysiloxanes containing the same mesogenic group connected through flexible spacers containing eleven, eight, six, and respectively three methylenic units are described. All polymers exhibit thermotropic liquid crystallinity. The nature of the mesophase is determined by the spacer length. However, the nature of the polymer backbone determines the thermal stability of the mesophase. That is, for the same spacer length and similar polymer molecular weight, the most flexible polymer backbone leads to the highest isotropization temperature.
Automated plaque picking and arraying on a robotic system equipped with a CCD camera and a sampling device using intramedic tubing (1996)

This report describes an automated method of M13 plaque identification using a monochrome charge coupled device (CCD) camera and picking and arraying of selected plaques using intramedic tubing as the inoculating mechanism. M13 plaques are identified in round petri dishes using industrial vision techniques and specifically designed software. Intramedic polyethylene tubing segments provided by a tubing spool attached to the sampling system are used to harvest individual plaques. The tubing segment carrying the plaque on its tip can be deposited either in a dry tube or in a tube containing culture media, without affecting the quality of the DNA sequencing results. The basic components of the positioning, imaging, and sampling systems are described, along with detailed steps of the plaque identification procedure and of the custom-designed sampling system's operation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Charachterization of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells during long-term expansion in vitro (2018)

One of the clinicians’ major concerns is the biological safety of MSC. The critical question for clinical application of human MSC is their ability to undergo spontaneous malignant transformation in a recipient organism. The goal of our research was to study umbilical cord hMSC proliferative and differentiation capacities, karyotype stability, telomerase activity and telomere length, oncomarkers expression and tumorigenicity during long-term (6 months) cultivation ex vivo. Here we report on the establishing the primary culture of human umbilical cord MSC, MSC_0714, that was capable to proliferate ex vivo for up to 59 passages (6 months). During this period, the cells preserved their normal karyotype, morphology and MSC immunophenotype. Telomeres started to shorten only after the passage 20, while hTERT was inactive in these cells for the whole period of expansion. At the beginning of cultivation the number of SA-β-gal positive cells did not exceeded 3-5%, after the 22th passage their number started to increase and reached 49% at the passage 57. Thus, it was shown that MSC during long-term culture retain their characteristics and undergo cell senescence.
Receivers for Faster-than-Nyquist signaling with and without turbo equalization (2008)

Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a trellis coding method that maintains the error rate while reducing signal bandwidth. The combined effect is to move closer to capacity. We study some basic receiver issues: How to model the signaling efficiently in discrete time, how much the Viterbi receiver can be truncated, and how to combine the method with an outer code. The methods are modeling for minimum phase, minimum distance calculation and receiver tests. Concatenated FTN in a turbo equalization scenario proves to be a strong coding method.