gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Method for the Preparation of Modified Oligonucleotides. (2002)

&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-Nitrothymidine can be transformed into a phosphoramidite building block suitable for oligonucleotide synthesis using the standard phosphite\ntriester solid-phase approach. The &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-nitrothymidine residues remain stable during the elongation cycles and react smoothly with primary\namines, furnishing oligonucleotides containing &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;3-modified thymidines. A number of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;3-substituted oligonucleotides have been prepared\nusing this methodology, some of them incorporating aminoalkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups.
Vascularized Bone-Mimetic Hydrogel Constructs by 3D Bioprinting to Promote Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis (2019)

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue with a unique and complex structure. Long bone consists of a peripheral cortical shell containing a network of channels for vascular penetration and an inner highly vascularized bone marrow space. Bioprinting is a powerful tool to enable rapid and precise spatial patterning of cells and biomaterials. Here we developed a two-step digital light processing technique to fabricate a bone-mimetic 3D hydrogel construct based on octacalcium phosphate (OCP), spheroids of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. The bone-mimetic 3D hydrogel construct was designed to consist of a peripheral OCP-containing GelMA ring to mimic the cortical shell, and a central GelMA ring containing HUVEC spheroids to mimic the bone marrow space. We further demonstrate that OCP, which is evenly embedded in the GelMA, stimulates the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We refined the design of a spheroid culture device to facilitate the rapid formation of a large number of HUVEC spheroids, which were embedded into different concentrations of GelMA hydrogels. It is shown that the concentration of GelMA modulates the extent of formation of the capillary-like structures originating from the HUVEC spheroids. This cell-loaded hydrogel-based bone construct with a biomimetic dual ring structure can be potentially used for bone tissue engineering.
Cross-validated partial least squares models and their extensions with censored data (2014)

International audience
A discriminative approach to filter out noisy sentence pairs from bilingual corpora (2010)

Parallel corpora are essential for training statistical machine translation models. Since parallel sentence-aligned corpora are usually noisy due to inexact automatic methods when generated from parallel or comparable documents, we need to clean parallel corpora. In this paper, new features are introduced to assess the correctness of a sentence pair. Also, the impact of new features in combination with state-of-the-art features introduced in the literature is systematically evaluated. Statistical methods have been used for feature extraction and therefore this approach is independent to language. In order to better understand the problem characteristics, four supervised classification algorithms are used to classify sentence pairs as noise or parallel. Evaluating the models by taking accuracy and f-measure into account shows that using the system for cleaning a noisy parallel Farsi-English corpus, the maximum entropy model performs better than the main filtering techniques used in this paper and shows a significant improvement over two other systems.
Practical Issues in Forecasting Volatility (2005)

A comparison is presented of 93 studies that conducted tests of volatility-forecasting methods on a wide range of financial asset returns. The survey found that option-implied volatility provides more accurate forecasts than time-series models. Among the time-series models, no model is a clear winner, although a possible ranking is as follows: historical volatility, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity, and stochastic volatility. The survey produced some practical suggestions for volatility forecasting.
Strong Correlation of Electronic and Lattice Excitations inGaAs/AlGaAsSemiconductor Quantum Wells Revealed by Two-Dimensional Terahertz Spectroscopy (2011)

Coulomb-mediated interactions between intersubband excitations of electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum wells and longitudinal optical phonons are studied by two-dimensional spectroscopy in the terahertz frequency range. The multitude of diagonal and off-diagonal peaks in the 2D spectrum gives evidence of strong polaronic signatures in the nonlinear response. A quantitative theoretical analysis reveals a dipole coupling of electrons to the polar lattice that is much stronger than in bulk GaAs, due to a dynamic localization of the electron wave function by scattering processes.
Adsorption of pentacene on filled d-band metal surfaces: Long-range ordering and adsorption energy (2006)

The growth of pentacene on suitable metallic templates is studied by means of low-energy electron diffraction and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Highly ordered pentacene single layers can be prepared by deposition on filled d-band metal templates kept at 370 K. The presence of the steps for the Cu(119) vicinal surface and of the Au troughs for the Au(110)-(1 x 2) surface allows the formation of commensurate long-range ordered structures with (3 x 7) and (3 x 6) periodicities, respectively. A detailed analysis of the molecular induced electronic states evolution is performed for different growth morphologies. The adsorption energy of the ordered molecular single layers on the Au(110) surface is lower (1.90 eV) than on the Cu vicinal surface (2.36 eV), where the steps enhance the molecule adsorption energy.
A framework for administrative claim data to explore healthcare coordination and collaboration (2015)

Previous studies have documented the application of electronic health insurance claim data for health services research purposes. In addition to administrative and billing details of healthcare services, insurance data reveal important information regarding professional interactions and/or links that emerge among healthcare service providers through, for example, informal knowledge sharing. By using details of such professional interactions and social network analysis methods, the aim of the present study was to develop a research framework to explore health care coordination and collaboration. The proposed framework was used to analyse a patient-centric care coordination network and a physician collaboration network. The usefulness of this framework and its applications in exploring collaborative efforts of different healthcare professionals and service providers is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Modelling the Metabolic Epimerization of Antiinflammatory 2‐Arylpropanoyl‐coenzyme‐A Conjugates: Solvent Effects on the 1H/2H Exchange in S‐(2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl) 2‐Phenylpropanethioate. (1989)

Abstract The exchange rates (increasing linearly with D 2 O content (10‐50%) and with the basicity of solvent) are slower than those observed in vivo for the configurational inversion of profens.
Implementation of a Protocol for ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation – A Three-Center Experience With 60 Consecutive Transplantations (2007)

The new protocol was easily implemented and there were no graft losses that could be related to ABO-incompatibility. A significant inter-institutional variation in the measurement of anti-AB-antibodies was found, having a substantial impact on the number of immunoadsorptions and consequently on the total cost for the procedure. A standardized fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique for antibody quantification is much needed.
Kinetically Stabilized Pd@Pt Core–Shell Octahedral Nanoparticles with Thin Pt Layers for Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance (2015)

This study investigates the structural stability of small Pd@Pt core@shell octahedral nanoparticles (NPs) and their shell thickness dependent catalytic performance for p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation with H2. The 6–8 nm Pd@Pt octahedral NPs are prepared by a sequential reduction method, and the characterization results confirm that Pd@Pt octahedral NPs with one to four atomic Pt layers can be controllably synthesized. The Pd@Pt octahedral NPs with one atomic Pt layer demonstrate excellent structural stability with the maintenance of core–shell structures as well as high catalytic stability during cycle to cycle catalytic p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation reactions. The alumina-supported Pd@Pt octahedral NPs illustrate a superior catalytic performance relative to individual Pt and Pd and their physical mixtures. Theoretical calculations by density functional theory suggest that the unexpected structural stability for Pd@Pt octahedral NPs with thin Pt shells and their corresponding catalytic stability during hydrogenation reactions can be ascribed to the strong binding between Pt surfaces and reactants/products in catalytic reactions. The enhanced catalytic performance of Pd@Pt octahedral NPs possibly originates from the core–shell interaction, which adjusts the electronic state of surface Pt atoms to be suitable for selective p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation.
Curriculum Implementation and Reform: Teachers' Views about Kuwait's New Science Curriculum. (2013)

The MoE (Ministry of Education) in the state of Kuwait is starting to reform the science curriculum in all school academic stages: primary (1−5) grades, intermediate (6−9) grades, and secondary (10−12) grades. The purpose of this study was to explore the opinions of science teachers about Kuwait’s new sixth and seventh grade science curriculum, which was implemented in 2008. This study focused on the teachers’ views regarding curriculum content and revealed the challenges and difficulties they face in teaching this new curriculum. Data were collected from 136 teachers’ questionnaires and four interviews. The findings indicated that the curriculum content did not help students work together and was not related to the students’ culture and society. The findings also showed that science teachers faced many challenges in teaching the new curriculum, like a lack of teaching tools in the schools and the fact that the MoE did not provide any course training related to the new curriculum. To conclude, the findings suggest that the new curriculum should be reviewed and modified with the teachers’ involvement.
Biological laterality and peripheral nerve DTI metrics (2021)

For the evaluation of nerve measures using DWI and MTI, in either healthy or disease states, consideration of underlying biological metrics of laterality in peripheral nerve fiber characteristics need to considered for data analysis. Integrating knowledge regarding biological laterality of peripheral nerve microstructure may be applied to improve how we diagnosis pain disorders, how we track patients' recovery and how we forecast pain chronification.
Three-month evaluation of strut healing using a novel optical coherence tomography analytical method following bioresorbable polymer everolimus-eluting stent implantation in humans (2016)

In a real-world population, the implantation of a bioresorbable polymer drug-eluting stent resulted in almost complete strut coverage throughout the entire stent length at 3 months. The clinical implications for antiplatelet therapy and outcomes should be investigated further.
In situ 3D topographic and shape analysis by synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography for crystal form identification in polymorphic mixtures (2016)

Polymorphism denotes the existence of more than one crystal structure of a substance, and great practical and theoretical interest for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In many cases, it is challenging to produce a pure crystal form and establish a sensitive detection method for the identification of crystal form in a mixture of polymorphs. In this study, an accurate and sensitive method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography (SR-μCT) was devised to identify the polymorphs of clopidogrel bisulphate (CLP). After 3D reconstruction, crystal particles were extracted and dozens of structural parameters were calculated. Whilst, the particle shapes of the two crystal forms were all irregular, the surface of CLP II was found to be rougher than CLP I. In order to classify the crystal form based on the quantitative morphological property of particles, Volume Bias Percentage based on Surface Smoothing (VBP) was defined and a new method based on VBP was successfully developed, with a total matching rate of 99.91% for 4544 particles and a lowest detectable limit of 1%. More important for the mixtures in solid pharmaceutical formulations, the interference of excipients can be avoided, a feature cannot achieved by other available analytical methods.
Pilot deep RNA sequencing of worker blood samples from Singapore printing industry for occupational risk assessment (2020)

Several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in toner-based printing equipment (TPE) including laser printers and photocopiers to improve toner performance. High concentration of airborne nanoparticles due to TPE emissions has been documented in copy centers and chamber studies. Recent animal inhalation studies by our group suggested exposure to laser printer-emitted nanoparticles (PEPs) increased cardiovascular risk by impairing ventricular performance and inducing hypertension and arrhythmia, consistent with global transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling results. There has been no genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of workers exposed to TPE emissions to systematically assess the occupational exposure health risks. In this pilot study, deep RNA sequencing of blood samples of workers in two printing companies in Singapore was performed. The genome-scale analysis of the blood samples from TPE exposed workers revealed perturbed transcriptional activities related to inflammatory and immune responses, metabolism, cardiovascular impairment, neurological diseases, oxidative stress, physical morphogenesis/deformation, and cancer, when compared with the control peers (office workers). Many of these disease risks associated with particle inhalation exposures in such work environments were consistent with the observation from the PEPs rat inhalation studies. In particular, the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was a top significantly perturbed pathway in blood samples from exposed workers compared with the office workers in both companies. The protein expression of sICAM was verified in plasma of exposed workers, showing a positive correlation with daily average nanoparticle concentration in indoor air measured in these two companies. Larger scale genomic and molecular epidemiology studies in copier operators are warranted in order to assess potential risks from such particulate matter exposures.
Stereoselektive und katalytische Reformatsky‐Reaktionen (2007)

Modernisierte Klassiker: Kürzlich wurden bei der als Reformatsky-Reaktion bekannten Kondensation von Aldehyden oder Ketonen mit α-Halogencarbonylverbindungen beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt, zu denen unter anderem stereoselektive und katalytische Versionen gehören (siehe Schema, X=Halogen). Die zuverlässige Reaktion ist ideal für Synthesen im industriellen Maßstab.
Ataxia in epidural spinal cord compression (1992)

Nine patients presented with ataxia as the primary manifestation of epidural spinal cord compression. Eight had known cancer, the ninth an epidural abscess. Lower-extremity dysmetria, gait ataxia, or both, were the only neurologic signs in five patients. An incorrect initial diagnosis led to delay in treatment and subsequent neurologic deterioration in six patients. Failure to recognize isolated, painless ataxia as the initial manifestation of spinal cord compression and appropriately treat the disorder can result in irreversible spinal cord deterioration.
Biomechanical Comparison of C1–C2 Posterior Arthrodesis Techniques (2007)

Gallie or Brooks-Jenkins cable fixation alone may not be adequate for atlantoaxial arthrodesis. If 2 supplemented transarticular screws can beinserted, there is no difference between the Gallie or Brooks techniques. If only a single screw can be inserted, the Brooks-Jenkins technique is recommended rather than a Gallie technique.
High-performance extended SWIR photodetectors using strain compensated InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum wells (2019)

We have successfully fabricated extended SWIR photodetectors with the cutoff wavelength of 2.5 &mu;m by using InGaAs (-0.3 %)/GaAsSb(+0.3 %) strain compensated type-II quantum wells as an absorption layer. The 250-pair InGaAs/GaAsSb quantum wells were grown on an InP substrate by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. The p-n junction was formed in the absorption layer by selective zinc diffusion. Dark current was low and showed diffusion current limited mode. Quantum efficiency in the wavelength region between 2.0 μm and 2.5 μm which corresponds to the type-II absorption became twice as high as that of the normal lattice-matched InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum wells.
Inverse-scattering methods for three-dimensional targets buried in the lossy earth (2002)

New diffraction tomographic (DT) algorithms for imaging three-dimensional (3D) buried objects are presented using electric and magnetic dipoles as transmitters and receivers, respectively, where the air-earth interface is taken into account. A general asymptotic formulation is developed to evaluate the Sommerfeld integrals, which is valid for any buried depth and measurement height. These algorithms are directly derived based on a lossy background and can be used by lower-frequency systems, from which objects deeply buried in the earth can be detected. Reconstruction examples are given to show the validity of these algorithms.
4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (4-APP) as a novel inhibitor of the RNA and DNA depurination induced by Shiga toxin 1 (2000)

Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) catalyses the removal of a unique and specific adenine from 28S RNA in ribosomes (RNA-N-glycosidase activity) and the release of multiple adenines from DNA (DNA glycosylase activity). Added adenine behaves as an uncompetitive inhibitor of the RNA-N-glycosidase reaction binding more tightly to the Stx1-ribosome complex than to the free enzyme. Several purine derivatives and analogues have now been assayed as inhibitors of Stx1. Most of the compounds showed only minor differences in the rank order of activity on the two enzymatic reactions catalysed by Stx1. The survey highlights the importance of the amino group in the 6-position of the pyrimidine ring of adenine. Shifting (2-aminopurine) or substituting (hypoxanthine, 6-mercapto-purine, 6-methylpurine) the group greatly decreases the inhibitory power. The presence of a second ring, besides the pyrimidine one, is strictly required. Substitution, by introducing an additional nitrogen, of the imidazole ring of adenine with triazole leads to loss of inhibitory power, while rearrangement of the nitrogen atoms of the ring from the imidazole to the pyrazole configuration greatly enhances the inhibitory power. Thus 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (4-APP), the isomer of adenine with the five-membered ring in the pyrazole configuration, is by far the most potent inhibitor of both enzymatic reactions catalysed by Stx1. This finding opens perspectives on therapeutic strategies to protect endothelial renal cells once endocytosis of Stx1 has occurred (haemolytic uraemic syndrome). In the RNA-N-glycosidase reaction 4-APP binds, as adenine, predominantly to the Stx1-ribosome complex (uncompetitive inhibition), while inhibition of the DNA glycosylase activity by both inhibitors is of the mixed type.
Use of intermediate focus for grazing incidence small and wide angle x-ray scattering experiments at the beamline P03 of PETRA III, DESY (2014)

We describe the new experimental possibilities of the micro- and nanofocus X-ray scattering beamline P03 of the synchrotron source PETRA III at DESY, Hamburg (Germany), which arise from experiments with smaller beam sizes in the micrometer range. This beamline has been upgraded recently to perform new kinds of experiments. The use of an intermediate focus allows for reducing the beam size of microfocused hard X-rays while preserving a large working distance between the focusing elements and the focus position. For the first time, this well-known methodology has been employed to grazing incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS). As examples, we highlight the applications to in situ studies using microfluidic devices in GISAXS geometry as well as the investigation of the crystallinity of thin films in GIWAXS geometry.
Synthesis of optically active green fluorescent π-conjugated fluorenepolymers having chiral Schiff bases in the side chain (2009)

The synthesis of optically active poly(fluorene-alt-chiral iminofluorene)s using 1-phenylethylamine as a chiral auxiliary is described. Optically active polyfluorenes were synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of 9,9′-dioctylfluorene-2,7-bis(trimethyleneborate) with a chiral Schiff base monomer (imino group modified-fluorene). The obtained polymers showed intense green emission with high quantum efficiency. Analysis of the circular dichroism data of the optically active polymers indicates that the polymers exhibit various highly-ordered regular structures in solution.
Extending sensor network lifetime via wireless charging vehicle with an efficient routing protocol (2016)

To resolve the lifetime issue of sensor networks, various solutions, such as mobile-node deployment, energy-efficient routing protocol, and low-power hardware design (e.g., micro processor, small size RAM), have been proposed in modern sensor networks. However, these solutions can only extend the lifetime of sensor networks but cannot achieve immortal sensor networks. Fortunately, an emerging technology called wireless charging vehicle (WCV) can cope with the power constraint issue of sensor networks. Although a recent study had an excellent result on extending sensor networks lifetime by employing wireless charging vehicle, the study did not take the energy efficiency of wireless charging vehicle into design consideration. Therefore, in this work, we proposed an energy-efficient geometric routing protocol (GR-Protocol) to lower the power consumption and time complexity on computing a traversing path for wireless charging vehicle. GR-Protocol adapts a geometric solution which divides a sensor network's topology into grids and applies one-to-many recharging technique. Moreover, GR-Protocol is a dynamic, adjustable solution for sensor networks because it can dynamically reconfigure the wireless charging vehicle based on the current status of sensor networks.
Natural Oscillations of Underactuated Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (2021)

Underactuated Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPR) employ a number of cables smaller than the degrees of freedom (DoFs) of the end-effector (EE) that they control. As a consequence, the EE is underconstrained and preserves some freedoms even when all actuators are locked, which may lead to undesirable oscillations. This paper proposes a methodology for the computation of the EE natural oscillation frequencies, whose knowledge has proven to be convenient for control purposes. This procedure, based on the linearization of the system internal dynamics about equilibrium configurations, can be applied to a generic robot suspended by any number of cables comprised between 2 and 5. The kinematics, dynamics, stability and stiffness of the robot free motion are investigated in detail. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments on 6-DoF prototypes actuated by 2, 3, and 4 cables. Additionally, in order to highlight the interest in a robotic context, this modelling strategy is applied to the trajectory planning of a 6-DoF 4-cable CDPR by means of a frequency-based method (multi-mode input shaping), and the latter is experimentally compared with traditional non-frequency-based motion planners.