gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endogenous prostaglandins modulate autoregulation of renal blood flow in young rats (1987)

After uninephrectomy in the young rat, renal blood flow (RBF) increases at normal renal perfusion pressure (RPP) but not at reduced RPP. To evaluate the role of endogenous prostaglandins on these effects, RBF was measured during reduction in RPP in rats that were uninephrectomized within 1 wk of age and studied at 33-41 days of age. After acute cyclooxygenase inhibition, autoregulation improved; RBF was unchanged at normal RPP but increased at lower pressures with concomitant decrease in renal venous plasma renin activity (PRA). Prostaglandin inhibition also improved autoregulatory efficiency in acutely uninephrectomized and sham-operated young rats. Infusion of a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor had no effect on the pressure-flow relationship or on PRA, whereas angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition increased RBF at all measured RPP without affecting autoregulation. We conclude that increased RBF at normal RPP in the uninephrectomized young rat is not maintained by increased prostaglandin synthesis or decreased thromboxane- or angiotensin-dependent vasoconstriction. However, by maintaining increased vasoconstriction at reduced RPP, prostaglandin-dependent renin release reduces autoregulatory efficiency in the young rat.
Development of Certified Reference Materials Accomplished by the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry (2008)

（社）日本分析化学会は1993年にU，Thの含有率を認証した二酸化ケイ素標準物質を開発して以来，燃焼灰，土壌，底質，河川水，排水，プラスチックス，工業材料，食品と多岐にわたる種類の標準物質の開発を続けており，現在頒布中の標準物質は23種類に上る．認証対象は特定成分の含有率で，成分はダイオキシン類，金属元素など環境分析で扱われるものが多いが，食品では栄養成分を対象とした．本会の標準物質の大きな特徴は純物質あるいはその溶液ではなく，上述のように，環境試料あるいは工業製品であること，つまり一般分析者が実際に扱う試料の形態であることである．認証値の決定方法は，まず均質性の保証された試料の調製と，多数の試験機関の参加による分析共同実験，そして得られた報告値をロバスト法を導入した統計手法で処理して評価し，信頼性ある認証値を得る，という手法によっている．また，これらの標準物質の開発時において，例えばダイオキシン類のガスクロマトグラフ分離の状況，PCBの抽出条件と塩素置換数の変化など，貴重な知見が得られたことは分析手法改善につながる収穫といえる．
Mixing in the region of the midrift islands of the Gulf of California: effect on surface pCO2 (1997)

Surface seawater carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and the CO2 flux through the air-sea interface in the region of the midrift islands of the Gulf of California were estimated. We used surface temperature (ºC), salinity and pH data collected during summer 1990, and we assumed a constant specific alkalinity value. Mixing by tide-related phenomena is particularly strong in this region of the gulf, and our objective was to compare the effect of post-spring tides with that of post-neap tides. Carbon dioxide was either near equilibrium or flowing from the water to the atmosphere, even with post-neap tides. Surface cooling, and larger pCO2 and CO2 flux were detected with post-spring tides. relative to post-neap tides (&lt;4 mM m–2 d–1 with post-neap tides. up to 23 mM m–2 d–1 with post-spring tides). There is a fortnightly modulation of the CO2 system in the surface waters of this region due to the spring-neap tide sequence. Tidal mixing is a “physical pump” that carries CO2 efficiently from intermediate depths (500 m) to the atmosphere in this region of the gulf.
Pulmonary Sporotrichosis (1986)

Four culture-documented cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis, three primary infections and one with multisystem involvement, are presented. Two of these patients are the first reported cases of primary lung disease treated with ketoconazole. This antifungal agent appears to be ineffective in eradicating this infection. The four cases, as well as a review of the literature, illustrate several important aspects of this rare disease. Pulmonary sporotrichosis is most commonly found in males with a history of alcohol abuse who are between the ages of 30 and 60. The infection is usually confined to the parenchyma of the lung but can involve hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, pleura, skin, subcutaneous tissue, and joints. All but two cases have been reported in the United States, and the majority reside within states bordering the Missouri or Mississippi rivers. Direct occupational or environmental exposure appears to be an important predisposing risk factor. The onset of the disease is insidious, presenting in a manner similar to many other granulomatous or neoplastic diseases. Tuberculosis is the most common suspected diagnosis before confirmation of sporotrichosis. The chest radiograph most commonly demonstrates upperlobe cavitary disease with surrounding parenchymal infiltrates. The diagnosis can be suspected with high serologic titers or skin-test positivity, but needs to be confirmed by culture. The organism can usually be grown from sputum, as well as routine bronchoscopic procedures, open-lung biopsy specimens or pleural fluid. Histologic examination shows granulomas of both the caseating and noncaseating varieties. Frequently, organisms can be seen in necrotic areas of the lung tissue by diastase-modified GMS or PAS staining. Staining by direct fluorescent antibody technique can also be done and appears to be highly specific. Treatment is controversial, but total surgical resection of diseased lung as well as a perioperative regimen of SSKI or amphotericin B appears to be the most efficacious therapy. Medical therapy alone with SSKI or amphotericin B may be useful in selected cases but has been disappointing in the majority of reports. The imidazoles are usually ineffective, and the search for more effective medical therapy continues.
7-Tb/s $(7\times1.284~{\rm Tb}/{\rm s}/{\rm ch})$ Signal Transmission Over 320 km Using PDM-64QAM Modulation (2011)

We have transmitted a 7×1.284 Tb/s/ch signal over 320-km conventional single mode fiber (SMF-28) with hybrid amplifier spans of 80 km. Each terabit superchannel comprises ten Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing polarization division multiplexing 64 quadrature amplitude modulation subchannels occupying 137.5 GHz, which gives a spectral-efficiency of 7.65 b/s/Hz per superchannel. The bit error ratio of all channels after transmission over 320 km is measured smaller than 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , the soft-decision forward error correction limit.
Experimental evidence of MCSA for the diagnosis of ball-bearings (2019)

International audience
Characterization of the Effect of <i>Mycoplasma fermentans</i> on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (1997)

The mechanisms involved in the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis after administration of Mycoplasma fermentans were examined. Male rats were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with heat-inactivated M. fermentas (6 micrograms protein/10 microliters/rat) or vehicle and were killed 2 h later. M. fermentans caused a significant depletion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH-41) content in the median eminence (ME), and elevation of serum ACTH and corticosterone (CS) levels, compared to control levels. Pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX, 40 micrograms/kg) markedly inhibited M. fermentans-induced depletion of ME CRH-41 and the increase in serum ACTH and CS. Injection of the type II corticosteroid receptor antagonist RU-38486, but not the type 1 antagonist RU-28318, enhanced the adrenocortical response and completely abolished the inhibitory effect of DEX following M. fermentans. Injection of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine into the ventral noradrenergic bundle, which significantly depleted hypothalamic norepinephrine content, or i.c.v. injection of the specific alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin failed to affect the adrenocortical response to M. fermentans. In contrast, these agents markedly inhibited the adrenocortical response following i.c.v. injection of interleukin-1. I.c.v. administration of M. fermentans caused a significant elevation of hypothalamic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), determined by both bioassay and immunoassay. In rats treated with pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF alpha synthesis, the adrenocortical response to M. fermentans was markedly inhibited. These findings suggest that: (1) M. fermentans-induced activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis, and the inhibitory effect of DEX on this response, are mediated by a reduction of CRH-41 release from the ME. (2) The feedback exerted by glucocorticoids is mediated by type II corticosteroid receptors. (3) In contrast to the adrenocortical response to interleukin-1 beta, the central noradrenergic system does not have an important role in mediating the adrenocortical response to M. fermentans. (4) Hypothalamic TNF alpha production is probably involved in mediating the adrenocortical activation following M. fermentans.
Mechanism of chlorination of aromatic compounds adsorbed on the surface of fly ash from municipal incinerators (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of chlorination of aromatic compounds adsorbed on the surface of fly ash from municipal incineratorsRobert V. Hoffman, Gary A. Eiceman, Yao Ting Long, Margaret C. Collins, and Mao Qin LuCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 11, 1635–1641Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00081a002https://doi.org/10.1021/es00081a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and simulation of differential transimpedance amplifier with active feedback for optical receivers (2022)

Abstract An active feedback network‐based bandwidth extension technique for CMOS differential transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is proposed in 0.18 µm CMOS process technology. The design consists of three stages in differential mode. The first stage is a common‐source amplifier that minimizes noise. A common collector stage is used for level shifting and buffering in the second stage. The third stage is a differential amplifier that provides additional gain. In addition to these three stages, an active CMOS negative feedback circuit is used for extending the bandwidth. The proposed design achieves a gain of 45.2 dBΩ with a 3 dB bandwidth of 21.23 GHz. The active feedback circuit provides an additional bandwidth of 7.3 GHz. The TIA achieves a data rate of 30 Gb/s with input‐referred noise current density of 63.1 pA/ and jitter of 9.07 ps. The TIA consumes a power of 10.3 mW with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.
Weil-Defined Smectic C* Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1998)

Introduction Ferroelectric liquid crystals and liquid crystalline polymers have been a primary focus in the area of liquid crystal display and optical storage materials, due to the bistable electro-optical properties and fast switching speeds of these materials. The presence of the chiral group on the mesogen in layered smectic C* mesophases can induce desired ferroelectric behavior1. For this reason, a number of studies of side chain liquid crystalline polymers functionalized with chiral smectic C* mesogens have been undertaken in the past few years. Most of these studies have characterized fairly polydisperse functionalized side chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes and polymethacrylates formed by the polymer-analogous substitution of the mesogenic group onto a pre-existing polymer backbone. Polymer analogous substitution usually results in less than 100% substitution of the polymer backbone, particularly in cases where the substitution is limited by solubility or steric factors2. Free radical polymerization may be used with a substituted
An Overview of Audio Event Detection Methods from Feature Extraction to Classification (2017)

Audio streams, such as news broadcasting, meeting rooms, and special video comprise sound from an extensive variety of sources. The detection of audio events including speech, coughing, gunshots, etc. leads to intelligent audio event detection (AED). With substantial attention geared to AED for various types of applications, such as security, speech recognition, speaker recognition, home care, and health monitoring, scientists are now more motivated to perform extensive research on AED. The deployment of AED is actually a more complicated task when going beyond exclusively highlighting audio events in terms of feature extraction and classification in order to select the best features with high detection accuracy. To date, a wide range of different detection systems based on intelligent techniques have been utilized to create machine learning-based audio event detection schemes. Nevertheless, the preview study does not encompass any state-of-the-art reviews of the proficiency and significances of such methods for resolving audio event detection matters. The major contribution of this work entails reviewing and categorizing existing AED schemes into preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification methods. The importance of the algorithms and methodologies and their proficiency and restriction are additionally analyzed in this study. This research is expanded by critically comparing audio detection methods and algorithms according to accuracy and false alarms using different types of datasets.
Efficacy and safety of single-dose DFN-15 for treatment of acute postsurgical dental pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2021)

The analgesic efficacy and safety of DFN-15, a new oral liquid formulation of celecoxib with more rapid absorption than the capsule, were evaluated in the treatment of acute pain in adult patients after dental surgery. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, 120 otherwise healthy adults who underwent the extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar teeth and experienced moderate to severe pain postsurgery were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, to receive one dose of either placebo or DFN-15 at 3 doses: 62.5, 125, and 250 mg. Participants were evaluated at prespecified time points over 8 hours after study drug administration, using several instruments, including the 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale, 5-point Pain Relief Scale, and 5-point Treatment Satisfaction Scale. Rescue analgesic (oxycodone / acetaminophen) was permitted. The primary endpoint was the summed pain intensity difference (SPID) over the 6-hour postdose period (SPID6), which was compared between each DFN-15 dose and placebo using analysis of covariance. Other assessments of pain relief, use of rescue medication, and safety were also analyzed. All 3 doses of DFN-15 were significantly superior to placebo in SPID6 (least square mean difference over placebo: -756.6, -1120.7, and -1355.1, P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). In addition, DFN-15 was generally superior to placebo in other endpoints, including reduction of pain intensity, speed and magnitude of pain relief, treatment satisfaction, and rescue medication use. DFN-15 was similar to placebo in the incidence of adverse events with no apparent dose-related effects.
In vitro T cell-mediated killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. The role of macrophages and T cell subsets in T cell killing. (1985)

T lymphocytes from immune mice can adoptively transfer protection against infection with the extra-cellular Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nonimmune recipients, and in vitro, immune T cells are able to kill these bacteria. Earlier studies indicated that this killing is mediated by a bactericidal lymphokine. Those studies also showed that macrophages enhance this in vitro T cell killing but do not directly participate in the bacterial killing, nor do macrophages function to present antigen to T cells. The current studies demonstrate that the ability of macrophages to enhance T cell killing can be replaced by macrophage culture supernatants or by purified recombinant interleukin 1 (IL 1). In addition, the macrophage supernatant-induced enhancement can also be blocked by antibody to purified IL 1. These studies also demonstrate that the T cell subset that serves as the final effector cell in the killing process is the Lyt-1-, 2,3+, I-J+ phenotype.
DNA ???Fingerprint??? Evaluation of Clinical Specimen Contamination (2006)

A young female patient was identified by cytologic diagnosis as showing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and glandular dysplasia and underwent a cervical cone biopsy. A 1.3-mm microinvasive adenocarcinoma was identified that extended to the margins. An abdominal hysterectomy was performed and showed no residual disease. The pelvic-wash cell block, however, showed a tissue fragment that was interpreted as metastatic adenocarcinoma. Upon review of this fragment, concerns were raised that the cells did not reflect the histology of the original malignant biopsy specimen and that cancer was not identified in the hysterectomy specimen. The possibility was raised that the malignant cells represented contamination of the specimen with malignant cells from a different patient. As this quandary presented an obstacle to staging and the treatment plan, the specimen was subjected to molecular analysis to evaluate the possibility of tissue contamination. A representation from the minor fragment containing the atypical cells was separately captured by laser capture microdissection and compared with an independent tissue specimen from the same patient. Genomic DNA was extracted from the specimens and subjected to analysis of a variety of different polymorphic microsatellite markers. All markers showed identity of the alleles from separate specimens. The results confirmed that the minor fragment was from the correct patient and not a contaminant. This case illustrates the use of forensic DNA identification techniques in cytopathology and serves as a focus for review of DNA “fingerprinting” applications to laboratory medicine.
Frontiers in microbial 1-butanol and isobutanol production (2016)

The heavy dependence on petroleum-derived fuel has raised concerns about energy sustainability and climate change, which have prompted researchers to explore fuel production from renewable sources. 1-Butanol and isobutanol are promising biofuels that have favorable properties and can also serve as solvents or chemical feedstocks. Microbial production of these alcohols provides great opportunities to access a wide spectrum of renewable resources. In recent years, research has improved the native 1-butanol production and has engineered isobutanol production in various organisms to explore metabolic diversity and a broad range of substrates. This review focuses on progress in metabolic engineering for the production of these two compounds using various resources.
Coal gasification reactions with on-line in-situ FT-IR analysis. Eighth quarterly report, June 4-September 3, 1983 (1983)

During the eighth quarter an interim report was prepared which summarizes the pyrolysis results from the first two years of the program. This interim report has been submitted to the Contract Monitor for review and will be distributed in a few months. Work continued on the measurements of coal particle temperatures from FT-IR emission spectra. Attention has been focused on the departures from black-body behavior which have been observed for several cases. For high temperatures and long residence times, the high frequency emission is higher than expected for a black body. If a theoretical black body curve is subtracted from the observed emission, the result looks like radiation from soot. It may be possible to determine the amount and particle size of this soot and this is being pursued. For short residence time, there is a coal-like spectrum subtracted from the black body curve. The only explanation that, so far, appears feasible is that the coal has a hot core and a cold surface (cooled by the ambient cold gas). The cold surface subtracts energy from the radiation emitted from the hot core. Final designs for the shell of the high pressure reactor are being reviewed and will be submittedmore » for construction. 18 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.« less
Development in diesel spray characterisation and modelling (2006)

Experiments into the characteristics of Diesel fuel injection equipment (FIE) and fuel spray formation have been conducted on a high-pressure and temperature rapid compression machine (Proteus) to simulate realistic Diesel engine working conditions. Two multi-hole injectors, of the solenoid type, were used; one with a faster response actuator. A high speed video image acquisition system was used to characterise the liquid spray formation, penetration, cone angle, and general spray structure. The experimental spray penetration data have revealed the onset of spray tip instability (cluster shedding) at the later stages of spray penetration. &#13;\nThe instantaneous rate and shape of injection for different operating conditions has been measured using an injection rate-tube technique. The combination of the above techniques has allowed an alternative approach in the use of empirical spray penetration correlation to be modified in order to gain information on breakup length. This was achieved by way of the derivation of a breakup length proportionality constant, where historically, this constant was found experimentally. &#13;\nAn approach to the modelling of transient spray penetration based on the momentum conservation of the in-jected fuel mass as a physical body of varying mass under that action of the drag force acting on the whole body. For cases under consideration, this approach allows a better representation of early stage of spray penetration than the traditional modelling of each individual droplet under conventional Lagrangian approach which is widely employed by CFD codes. It is suggested that the method based on the Centre-of-Mass tracking can ac-count better for the collective effects between droplets in a dense spray.
112 Gbit/s RF-assisted dual carrier DP-16-QAM transmitter using optical phase modulator (2011)

An RF-assisted 112 Gbit/s transmitter based on optical phase modulation is presented. The system uses two closely spaced sub-channels generated using radio frequency (RF) electronics. Numerical simulations as well as experiments over 824 km of installed fiber are used for evaluation. The analysis shows that performance almost as good as for a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator can be obtained. Although a relatively high OSNR is required due to the large fraction of power residing in the optical carrier, very small penalty is observed for optimum power levels in the transmission link.