gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of increased dosages of amoxicillin in treatment of experimental middle ear otitis due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (1993)

A gerbil model of acute middle ear otitis was used to evaluate the efficacy of increased dosages of amoxicillin in eradicating infection induced by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Three different strains were used: (i) a serotype 23 penicillin-susceptible strain; (ii) a serotype 23 penicillin-resistant strain (MIC of penicillin, 2 micrograms/ml); and (iii) a serotype 19 highly penicillin-resistant strain (MIC of penicillin, 4 to 8 micrograms/ml). Animals were inoculated bilaterally with 10(7) CFU per ear by transbulla challenge and treated 2 to 4 h postinfection by amoxicillin administrated subcutaneously. The course of the disease was monitored bacteriologically on days 2, 4, and 8 postinfection. The three strains had a similar pathogenicity in untreated animals in terms of the duration of the disease, bacterial counts in middle ear (ME) fluid, and systemic complications. Infection due to the penicillin-susceptible strain was cured after two injections of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight. No bacteria were recovered at day 2 after two injections at 10 and 25 mg/kg with the penicillin-resistant and highly penicillin-resistant strains, respectively. Under these experimental conditions, increased does of amoxicillin consistent with MICs were able to clear ME infection. Pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin in serum and ME fluid were within the clinical range at the doses used in the study.
Tuning into Tyndall windows (2015)

We report certain liquid mixtures that exhibit exotic Tyndall effects due to large contrast in refractive index modulation of their components. A sharp minimum in scattering enables these mixtures to notably modulate their optical diffusion. This can be applied in imaging, sensing, and displays.
Molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer (2005)

Metastatic prostate cancer remains a prevalent disease in the United States that requires detailed characterization of its pathobiology. In the December 2004 issue of Cancer Research, a comprehensive study by Shah et al. demonstrated that metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer is a collective group of diseases even within the same patient. Understanding the molecular and phenotypic determinants of this heterogeneity is essential in assessing therapeutic outcomes in the management of prostate cancer progression.
Nonlinear modelling, identification and control of UUVs (2006)

This chapter presents the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) equations of motion using the results of Fossen. The nonlinear model presented in this chapter is mainly intended for control systems design in combination with system identification and parameter estimation. The resulting model is decoupled into longitudinal and lateral motions such that autopilots for speed, depth/diving and heading control can be designed. The motivation for using nonlinear theory is that one model can cover the whole flight envelope of the UUV, instead of linearising the model about many working points and using gain scheduling between these. In addition, physical model properties in terms of first principles are not destroyed which is a primary problem associated with linearising a plant. Finally, nonlinear optimisation methods are used as a tool for system identification, while proportional-integral-denvative (PID) control and backstepping demonstrate how nonlinear autopilots can be designed.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

A year has passed since mutations of the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were discovered in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had dramatic clinical responses to treatment with gefitinib. Additional laboratory and clinical studies have provided further insight into the biological impact of EGFR mutations in cell culture experiments and in patients with NSCLC. In vitro characterizations of NSCLC cell lines and host cell lines transfected with these mutant and wild-type EGFR show that most cell lines with mutated EGFR are growth-inhibited by 10- to 100-fold lower concentrations of gefitinib and erlotinib compared with wild-type EGFR. NSCLC lines with mutations of the EGFR treated with concentrations of gefitinib and erlotinib that are achievable in the plasma undergo apoptosis rather than growth arrest. Retrospective studies of patients with NSCLC-treated gefitinib have reported a close association between EGFR mutations, increased chance of clinical response and longer survival. This review will provide information on the impact of EGFR mutations on gefitinib and erlotinib treatment by in vitro experiments, the outcome of NSCLC patients with these mutations when treated with gefitinib and erlotinib, and the subsets of patients with NSCLC in whom these mutations arise.
Serum exosomal miR-125b is a novel prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with high mortality. Circulating miRNA has been demonstrated as a novel noninvasive biomarker for many tumors. This study aimed to investigate the potential of circulating miR-125b as a prognostic marker of HCC. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples collected from two independent cohorts: cohort 1: HCC (n=30), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n=30), liver cirrhosis (LC, n=30); cohort 2: HCC (n=128). We found that miR-125b levels were remarkably increased in exosomes compared to those in serum from patients with CHB, LC, and HCC (<i>P</i><0.01, respectively). However, miR-125b levels in exosomes and the serum from HCC patients were inferior to that of CHB (<i>P</i><0.01 and <i>P</i>=0.06) and LC patients (<i>P</i><0.01 for all). Additionally, miR-125b levels in exosomes were associated with tumor number (<i>P</i>=0.02), encapsulation (<i>P</i><0.01), and TNM stage (<i>P</i><0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that HCC patients with lower exosomal miR-125b levels showed reduced time to recurrence (TTR) (<i>P</i><0.01) and overall survival (OS) (<i>P</i><0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that miR-125b level in exosomes, but not in serum, was an independent predictive factor for TTR (<i>P</i><0.001) and OS (<i>P</i>=0.011). Exosomal miR-125b levels predicted the recurrence and survival of HCC patients with an area under the ROC curve of 0.739 (83.0% sensitivity and 67.9% specificity) and 0.702 (82.5% sensitivity and 53.4% specificity). In conclusion, exosomal miR-125b could serve as a promising prognostic marker for HCC.
Distinct cerebral metabolic patterns related to high pain sensitivity in episodic or chronic migraine patients and healthy volunteers. (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Fertility Preservation for Child and Adolescent Cancer Patients in Asian Countries (2019)

<b>Background:</b> At present, fertility is one of the main concerns of young cancer patients. Following this trend, "fertility preservation (FP)" has been established and has become a new field of reproductive medicine. However, FP for child and adolescent (C-A) cancer patients is still developing, even in advanced countries. The aim of the present study was to assess the barriers to FP for C-A patients by investigating the current status of FP for C-A patients in Asian countries, which just have started FP activities. <b>Method:</b> A questionnaire survey of founding members of the Asian Society for Fertility Preservation (ASFP) was conducted in November 2018. <b>Main findings:</b> Of the 14 countries, 11 country representatives replied to this survey. FP for C-A patients is still developing in Asian countries, even in Australia, Japan, and Korea, which have organizations or academic societies specialized for FP. In all countries that replied to the present survey, the patients can receive embryo cryopreservation (EC), oocyte cryopreservation (OC), and sperm cryopreservation (SC) as FP. Compared with ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), testicular tissue cryopreservation (TTC) is an uncommon FP treatment because of its still extremely experimental status (7 of 11 countries provide it). Most Asian countries can provide FP for C-A patients in terms of medical technology, but most have factors inhibiting to promote FP for C-A patients, due to lack of sufficient experience and an established system promoting FP for C-A patients. "Don't know how to provide FP treatment for C-A" is a major barrier. Also, low recognition in society and among medical staff is still a particularly major issue. There is also a problem with cooperative frameworks with pediatric departments. To achieve high-quality FP for C-A patients, a multidisciplinary approach is vital, but, according to the present study, few paramedical staff can participate in FP for C-A patients in Asia. Only Australia and Korea provide FP information by video and specific resources. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study demonstrated the developing status of FP for C-A patients in Asian countries. More intensive consideration and discussion are needed to provide FP in Asian societies based on the local cultural and religious needs of patients.
Deception Methodology in Virtual Honeypots (2010)

The great advance in attacks against network has led to outgrowth of interest in more aggressive forms of defense to supplement the existing security approaches. One of these techniques involves the use of the deception to collect information about attacks. A honeypot is a security deception resource whose value lies in being probed, attacked or compromised. In this paper we present an overview of techniques used by honeypots to deceive the attacker and attacking process, and provide a comparison for persons who are interested in study and developing this new technology. We examine various types of honeypots, and deception techniques they use to counter attacks.
Pegaptanib and ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review (2007)

Pegaptanib and ranibizumab appear to slow or stop the progression of neovascular AMD. Uncertainty remains over the relative benefits of pegaptanib compared with ranibizumab and other unlicensed drugs (eg, Avastin), due to the nature of the evidence. Head-to-head RCTs and economic evaluations comparing these alternatives are needed.
Not too contemplative but still amazing turns (2006)

While considering the invitation to write about my life as a scientist, I closed my eyes to see a series of pictures, chronologically ordered but variably highlighted with shades of joys, gains or losses! What can I extract from these pictures to write that may be generally perceived as meaningful? It did not take long to arrive at two syntheses that are profound in my mind: one relating to metamorphosis in the pursuit of scientific research; and the other to a scrutinizing mind that has been restless but is becoming increasingly self content with time. Thus, I will limit this discussion primarily to these two issues when addressing my science and research philosophy.
β-Amyloid Load Is Not Influenced by the Severity of Cardiovascular Disease in Aged and Demented Patients (1999)

Our results demonstrate that the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, but not cardiovascular disease, indeed influences the extent of Alzheimer's lesions seen in the brain tissue of demented patients as well as asymptomatic controls.
Nucleation Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Nucleation Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate Birdwell FinlaysonM.D., Ph.D. Birdwell FinlaysonBirdwell Finlayson More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75894-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Nucleation Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 290A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 290A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Birdwell Finlayson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Power and physician leadership (2019)

Power and leadership are intimately related. While physician leadership is widely discussed in healthcare, power has received less attention. Formal organisational leadership by physicians is increasingly common even though the evidence for the effectiveness of physician leadership is still evolving. There is an expectation of leadership by all physicians for resource stewardship. The impact of power on interprofessional education and practice needs further study. Power also shapes the profession’s attempts to address physician and learner well-being with its implications for patient care. Unfortunately, the profession is not exempt from inappropriate use of power. These observations led the authors to explore the concept and impact of power in physician leadership. Drawing from a range of conceptualisations including structuralist (French and Raven), feminist (Allen) and poststructuralist (Foucault) conceptualisations of power, we explore how power is acquired and exercised in healthcare systems and enacted in leadership praxis by individual physician leaders (PL). Judicious use of power will benefit from consideration and application of a range of concepts including liminality, power mediation, power distance, inter-related use of power bases, intergroup and shared leadership, inclusive leadership, empowerment, transformational leadership and discourse for meaning-making. Avoiding abuse of power requires moral courage, and those who seek to become accountable leaders may benefit from adaptive reflection. Reframing ‘followers’ as ‘constituents or citizens’ is one way to interrupt discourses and narratives that reinforce traditional power imbalances. Applying these concepts can enhance creativity, cocreation and citizenship-strengthening commitment to improved healthcare. PLs can contribute greatly in this regard to further transform healthcare.
Deep Fragment Embeddings for Bidirectional Image Sentence Mapping (2014)

We introduce a model for bidirectional retrieval of images and sentences through a multi-modal embedding of visual and natural language data. Unlike previous models that directly map images or sentences into a common embedding space, our model works on a finer level and embeds fragments of images (objects) and fragments of sentences (typed dependency tree relations) into a common space. In addition to a ranking objective seen in previous work, this allows us to add a new fragment alignment objective that learns to directly associate these fragments across modalities. Extensive experimental evaluation shows that reasoning on both the global level of images and sentences and the finer level of their respective fragments significantly improves performance on image-sentence retrieval tasks. Additionally, our model provides interpretable predictions since the inferred inter-modal fragment alignment is explicit.
Practical Control Flow Integrity and Randomization for Binary Executables (2013)

Control Flow Integrity (CFI) provides a strong protection against modern control-flow hijacking attacks. However, performance and compatibility issues limit its adoption. We propose a new practical and realistic protection method called CCFIR (Compact Control Flow Integrity and Randomization), which addresses the main barriers to CFI adoption. CCFIR collects all legal targets of indirect control-transfer instructions, puts them into a dedicated "Springboard section" in a random order, and then limits indirect transfers to flow only to them. Using the Springboard section for targets, CCFIR can validate a target more simply and faster than traditional CFI, and provide support for on-site target-randomization as well as better compatibility. Based on these approaches, CCFIR can stop control-flow hijacking attacks including ROP and return-into-libc. Results show that ROP gadgets are all eliminated. We observe that with the wide deployment of ASLR, Windows/x86 PE executables contain enough information in relocation tables which CCFIR can use to find all legal instructions and jump targets reliably, without source code or symbol information. We evaluate our prototype implementation on common web browsers and the SPEC CPU2000 suite: CCFIR protects large applications such as GCC and Firefox completely automatically, and has low performance overhead of about 3.6%/8.6% (average/max) using SPECint2000. Experiments on real-world exploits also show that CCFIR-hardened versions of IE6, Firefox 3.6 and other applications are protected effectively.
Trends in the Development of Ecological Risk Assessment and Management Frameworks (2002)

Ecological risk assessment and management have grown from a long history of assessment and management activities aimed at improving the everyday lives of humans. The background against which ecological risk assessment and management has developed is discussed and recent trends in the development of risk assessment and management frameworks documented. Seven frameworks from five different countries are examined. All maintain an important role for science, suggest adaptive approaches to decision-making and have well-defined analytical steps. Differences in approaches toward the separation of policy and science, the preference for management over assessment, the inclusion of stakeholders, the iterative nature of the analytical cycle, the use of decision criteria and economic information suggest considerable evolution in framework design over time. Despite the changes, no consensus on the design of a framework is apparent and work remains to be done on refining an integrative framework that effectively incorporates both policy and science considerations for environmental management purposes.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a New Miticide, Hexythiazox (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
P1441The characteristics of superior vena cava isolation, which is useful to avoid procedural complications: the findings obtained from high- resolution substrate mapping (2017)

Introduction: stroke, transient ischemic attack or systemic embolism, due to mobilization of a preexistent left atrial appendage (LAA) or cardiac thrombus can be devastating complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is performed in most hospital. Nevertheless TOE is an invasive procedure with its own risk, is perceived as extremely uncomfortable by patients and adds hurdle in procedural organization. Conversely, cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a non invasive procedure and preprocedural scans are acquired in most centers to precisely characterize LA anatomy. Aim of this study was to prospectively assess the feasibility of pre-procedural exclusion of LA thrombus with a dedicated cardiac CT sequence. Methods: all consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation at our institution underwent pre-procedural TEE and CT scan, irrespective of CHA2DS2-Vasc Score and anticoagulation status. CT scans were performed with a Toshiba Aquilion Preim in a non ECG triggered mode, and a delayed LAA selective scan was added to the usual protocol, in order to optimize LAA contrast medium filling, therefore increasing sensitivity. TOEs and cardiac CTs were performed 72 hours before the procedure. Results: between August and December 2016 34 pts [63612 years old, 14 (41%) female, CHA2DS2-Vasc Score 2.961.7] underwent catheter ablation for paroxysmal (13, 38%) or persistent (21, 62%) AF. Two patients with a CHA2DS2-Vasc Score of 0 were not on oral anticoagulant at the time of the CT/TOE, and a direct oral anticoagulant was started thereafter. Four (13%) patients were on vitamin K antagonist (Phenprocoumon, mean INR 2.660,3). The remaining patients received one of the non vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulant (Dabigatran 3,10%, Rivaroxaban 11,36%, Apixaban 14,47%, Edoxaban 2,7%). LAA sludge was detected at TOE in 1 (3%) patients. No LAA thrombi were detected with either TOE or CT. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients. Linear ablation at the left atrial roof was performed in 30 (88%) patients. Linear ablation at the superoseptal (14, 42%) or inferolateral (8, 23%) mitral isthmus was added in all patients with persistent AF. Cavotricuspid isthmus ablation (21, 62%) was performed in all patients with persistent AF or if typical atrial flutter was documented. Procedural and radiofrequency time were 178648 and 72621 min, respectively. During or following the procedure, no embolic complication occurred. Conclusion: in this initial series of patients, cardiac CT scan with a delayed acquisition of the LAA in order to optimize contrast medium filling proved to be accurate for pre-procedural intracardiac thrombi exclusion in patients undergoing ablation for AF. If these results are confirmed in a larger series of patients, cardiac CT scan could be used as a single tool for pre-procedural LA anatomy characterization and cardiac thrombi exclusion. P1440
2-(Di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl (2002)

[224311-51-7] C20H27P (MW 298.41) InChI = 1/C20H27P/c1-19(2,3)21(20(4,5)6)18-15-11-10-14-17(18)16-12-8-7-9-13-16/h7-15H,1-6H3 InChIKey = CNXMDTWQWLGCPE-UHFFFAOYAH (reagent used as a ligand for palladium catalysts in a variety of CN, CO, CSi, and CC bond forming reactions) Physical Data: mp 85 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white crystals, commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H and 31P NMR. Preparative Methods: synthesized from chloro-di-tert-butylphosphine and 2-bromobiphenyl.1 typically used as obtained from commercial sources. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Low reactivity towards air oxidation, although commonly stored under nitrogen in a dessicator. Toxic effects are unknown but presumably similar to other aryldialkyl phosphines, which are usually classified as irritants.
Plant biochemistry of xenobiotics. Purification and properties of a wheat esterase hydrolyzing the plasticizer chemical, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (1984)

A soluble wheat esterase, catalyzing a cleavage of the mass-produced plasticizer chemical, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), has been discovered. Although wheat plants and seeds as well as cultured wheat cells contained more than 12 non-specific esterase activities, only a single protein with a marked preference for a substrate chain-length of 6-8 carbon atoms was active with DEHP. This enzyme is shown to differ from all previously characterized plant lipases and esterases. The enzyme was purified 10-fold from wheat plants and 280-fold, to electrophoretic homogeneity, from cultured wheat cells. An apparent functional molecular mass of 38 000 Da and an apparent subunit molecular mass of 22 000 Da were determined. Inhibitor experiments pointed to the catalytic involvement of a serine residue. Cleavage of DEHP by the purified enzyme was about 10(4) times slower than cleavage of 4-nitrophenyl octanoate. This was consistent with previous evidence for a rate-limiting role of the esterase reaction in DEHP metabolism by intact wheat cells.