gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient trading in taxable portfolios (2017)

We determine life-cycle trading strategies for portfolios subject to the US tax system. Our method employs Monte Carlo optimization. It accommodates long horizons (between forty and sixty years) and large numbers of trading periods (eg, 480), while accounting for the full cost basis history of the portfolio’s stock holdings, thus sidestepping the curse of dimensionality. We present many new results that provide insights into questions about taxable portfolio investing which were previously unexplorable. Some of our results challenge current conventional wisdom. For instance, we establish circumstances where raising the allocation of stock is optimal though counterintuitive and demonstrate the suboptimality of the 5/25 rebalancing rule, even as a rule of thumb.
The great expectations effect (2005)

The textbook approach to satisfying customers is simply to give the people what they want - and a little bit more. The trick, then, is to know what it is that customers want. In "The Effect of Stating Expectations on Customer Satisfaction and Shopping Experience," the authors, professors Chezy Ofir and Itamar Simonson, describe a series of five field studies. In each, customers entering a supermarket were asked about their expectations of their store visits. Upon leaving the store, the same customers were asked to rate their experiences. The verdict: Customers who shared their expectations with the researchers gave the store lower post-shopping satisfaction ratings than did control groups who were not asked anything in advance. It didn't matter whether expectations were expressed in broad terms of overall satisfaction or in specific terms, such as the anticipated politeness of employees. The authors suggest using past experience as a proxy for future expectation may offer a way around the "negativity enhancement" effect.
A radiation-cooled armor tile design for the first wall of ITER (2003)

A tile design that uses radiation rather than conduction to transfer heat to the water-cooled first wall of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is presented. The central, thermally insulated tile attachment minimizes local thermal stresses in the first wall and facilitates remote maintenance. The tile module consists of: a graphite tile; layers of anisotropic pyrolytic carbon used as a high-temperature thermal insulator; a metallic mounting plate; carbon-reinforced carbon screws which join the tile, the insulator, and the mounting plate; and a captive, central mounting screw. The design emphasizes simplicity and ruggedness while minimizing the need for R&D. The results of a detailed, two-dimensional heat transfer and thermal stress analysis are presented for steady-state heat fluxes of 20 and 100 W/cm/sup 2/. The effects of neutron heating, radiation, conduction, contact resistances, material anisotropy, temperature dependences and sliding interfaces are considered. The calculated temperatures and stresses show that the proposed tile design is feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Insecticides for Control of Cabbage Root Maggot in Spring Cabbage, 2014: Table 1 (2015)

cabbage root maggot | Delia radicum crucifer flea beetle | Phyllotreta cruciferae 3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-14-methyl-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione; (2S,3aR, 5aS,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bS)-2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-a-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy]- 9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-4,14
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Preferences of Peptides Containing Reverse‐Turn Mimetic Bicyclic Lactams: Inverse γ‐Turns versus Type‐II′ β‐Turns — Insights into β‐Hairpin Stability. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Situ Generation of Few‐Layer Graphene Coatings on SnO2‐SiC Core‐Shell Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage (2011)

Abstract A simple ball‐milling method is used to synthesize a tin oxide‐silicon carbide/few‐layer graphene core‐shell structure in which nanometer‐sized SnO 2 particles are uniformly dispersed on a supporting SiC core and encapsulated with few‐layer graphene coatings by in situ mechanical peeling. The SnO 2 ‐SiC/G nanocomposite material delivers a high reversible capacity of 810 mA h g −1 and 83% capacity retention over 150 charge/discharge cycles between 1.5 and 0.01 V at a rate of 0.1 A g −1 . A high reversible capacity of 425 mA h g −1 also can be obtained at a rate of 2 A g −1 . When discharged (Li extraction) to a higher potential at 3.0 V (vs. Li/Li + ), the SnO 2 ‐SiC/G nanocomposite material delivers a reversible capacity of 1451 mA h g −1 (based on the SnO 2 mass), which corresponds to 97% of the expected theoretical capacity (1494 mA h g −1 , 8.4 equivalent of lithium per SnO 2 ), and exhibits good cyclability. This result suggests that the core‐shell nanostructure can achieve a completely reversible transformation from Li 4.4 Sn to SnO 2 during discharging (i.e., Li extraction by dealloying and a reversible conversion reaction, generating 8.4 electrons). This suggests that simple mechanical milling can be a powerful approach to improve the stability of high‐performance electrode materials involving structural conversion and transformation.
Basen-katalysierte Reaktionen des Schwefels mit organischen Verbindungen (1973)

Im Gegensatz zu den rein thermischen und den Basen-katalysierten Reaktionen des elementaren Schwefels mit organischen Verbindungen unter energischen Bedingungen, bei denen in der Regel nur temperaturbeständige Endprodukte isoliert werden können, bot die Basen-katalysierte Umsetzung des Schwefels mit geeigneten Reaktionspartnern unter milden Bedingungen die Möglichkeit, Zwischenprodukte zu fassen oder abzufangen, deren Reaktivität ihre Isolierung bei höherer Temperatur ausschloß, bzw. Reaktionswege zu erschließen, die bei höherer Temperatur nicht gangbar sind.
Operator-governed SON coordination in downlink LTE networks (2012)

Although future radio access networks (RAN) will be empowered by Self-Organizing Network (SON) mechanisms, operator governance and coordination remain key requirements, in order to guarantee a robust, stable and desired network operation. This paper investigates the coordination of two promising SON mechanisms, namely Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) and Capacity and Coverage Optimization (CCO), according to the operator policies in the context of a downlink LTE network. For this purpose, the paper intends to identify a methodology that can also be generalized beyond ICIC and CCO coordination. In this direction, the interactions between the two SON mechanisms are first modelled using a concept map methodology. Then, an appropriate mathematical formulation is designed to analytically describe the SON coordination as a weighted multi-objective optimization problem. The operator weights stand for the priority that the operator gives to each SON mechanism. Simulation results are presented in order to evaluate the coordination approach. They confirm that the operator can achieve a trade-off among even conflicting objectives by adjusting the weights in accordance to business goals. Moreover, the operator can offline elaborate on the best selection of weights in order to achieve a robust, stable and desired network operation.
Langmuir and Gibbs Magnetite NP Layers at the Air/Water Interface (2010)

The interfacial properties of Fe(3)O(4)@MEO(2)MA(90)-co-OEGMA(10) NPs, recently developed and described as promising nanotools for biomedical applications, have been investigated at the air/water interface. These Fe(3)O(4) NPs, capped with catechol-terminated random copolymer brushes of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO(2)MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA), with molar fractions of 90% and 10%, respectively, proved to be surface active. Surface tension measurements of aqueous dispersions of the NPs showed that the adsorption of the NPs at the air/water interface is time- and concentration-dependent. These NPs do not behave as classical amphiphiles. Once adsorbed at the air/water interface, they do not exchange with NPs in bulk, but they are trapped at the interface. This means that all NPs from the bulk adsorb to the interface until reaching maximum coverage of the interface, which corresponds to values between 6 × 10(-4) and 8 × 10(-4) mg/cm(2) and a critical equilibrium surface tension of ∼47 mN/m. Moreover, Langmuir layers of Fe(3)O(4)@MEO(2)MA(90)-co-OEGMA(10) NPs have been investigated by measuring surface pressure-area compression-expansion isotherms and in situ X-ray fluorescence spectra. The compression-expansion isotherms showed a plateau region above a critical surface pressure of ∼25 mN/m and a pronounced hysteresis. By using a special one-barrier Langmuir trough equipped with two surface pressure microbalances, we have shown that the NPs are squeezed out from the interface into the aqueous subphase, and they readsorb on the other side of the barrier. The results have been supported by TEM as well as AFM experiments of transferred Langmuir-Schaefer films on solid supports. This study shows the ability of Fe(3)O(4)@MEO(2)MA(90)-co-OEGMA(10) NPs to transfer from hydrophilic media (an aqueous solution) to the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface (air/water interface) and back to the hydrophilic media. This behavior is very promising, opening studies of their ability to cross biological membranes.
Continuity in the development of ultra shallow junctions for 130-45 nm CMOS: the tool and annealing methods (2004)

The roadmap for ultra-shallow junction formation (USJ) includes implant spike anneal and solid-phase epitaxial re-growth. The roadmap for the junction contacts foresees transition from CoSi/sub 2/ to NiSi. The processes in the roadmap require extreme capabilities from RTP tools: heat-up and cool-down rates of hundreds of degrees per second, no pattern/emissivity dependence, precise temperature control, and operation at low temperature (starting from 200/spl deg/C for NiSi formation). This paper describes a tool which enables continuity in the development of USJ for current and future technology nodes. It provides high ramp rates (300-900/spl deg/C/sec), and operates in the temperature range of 100-1100/spl deg/C with precise temperature control.
Internal reference genes with the potential for normalizing quantitative PCR results for oral fluid specimens (2022)

In basic research, testing of oral fluid specimens by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been used to evaluate changes in gene expression levels following experimental treatments. In diagnostic medicine, qPCR has been used to detect DNA/RNA transcripts indicative of bacterial or viral infections. Normalization of qPCR using endogenous and exogenous reference genes is a well-established strategy for ensuring result comparability by controlling sample-to-sample variation introduced during sampling, storage, and qPCR testing. In this review, the majority of recent publications in human (<i>n</i> = 136) and veterinary (<i>n</i> = 179) medicine did not describe the use of internal reference genes in qPCRs for oral fluid specimens (52.9% animal studies; 57.0% human studies). However, the use of endogenous reference genes has not been fully explored or validated for oral fluid specimens. The lack of valid internal reference genes inherent to the oral fluid matrix will continue to hamper the reliability, reproducibility, and generalizability of oral fluid qPCR assays until this issue is addressed.
Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in the CNS (2005)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors exhibit a number of properties that have made this vector system an excellent choice for both CNS gene therapy and basic neurobiological investigations. In vivo, the preponderance of AAV vector transduction occurs in neurons where it is possible to obtain long-term, stable gene expression with very little accompanying toxicity. Promoter selection, however, significantly influences the pattern and longevity of neuronal transduction distinct from the tropism inherent to AAV vectors. AAV vectors have successfully manipulated CNS function using a wide variety of approaches including expression of foreign genes, expression of endogenous genes, expression of antisense RNA and expression of RNAi. With the discovery and characterization of different AAV serotypes, the potential patterns of in vivo vector transduction have been expanded substantially, offering alternatives to the more studied AAV 2 serotype. Furthermore, the development of specific AAV chimeras offers the potential to further refine targeting strategies. These different AAV serotypes also provide a solution to the immune silencing that proves to be a realistic likelihood given broad exposure of the human population to the AAV 2 serotype. These advantageous CNS properties of AAV vectors have fostered a wide range of clinically relevant applications including Parkinson's disease, lysosomal storage diseases, Canavan's disease, epilepsy, Huntington's disease and ALS. Each individual application, however, presents a unique set of challenges that must be solved in order to attain clinically effective gene therapies.
Charge Trapping Effect in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2009)

Charge trapping in phosphorescent light emitting diodes was investigated by changing doping concentration of phosphorescent emitting material in light emitting layer. In red phosphorescent devices, both hole and electron trapping had the same effect on charge injection, while in green devices hole trapping played a major role in determining charge injection. In blue devices, hole or electron trapping effect was not observed. In addition, the efficiency of red and green devices could be improved by graded doping structure due to high luminance at the same driving voltage.
Redox-Connected Multilayers of Discrete Gold Particles: A Novel Electroactive Nanomaterial (1999)

A new dithiol-functionalized viologen has been synthesized (see Figure) and used for the preparation of films of chemically linked gold nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that the redox linker group can be reversibly electrochemically addressed and that its presence does not hinder electron transfer through the nanostructured material. The films are air stable after thousands of electrochemical cycles and months of storage.
Potential plant growth promoting traits and bioacidulation of rock phosphate by thiosulfate oxidizing bacteria isolated from crop plants (2008)

Thiosulfate oxidizing bacteria isolated from crop plants were tested for their traits related to plant growth promotion and their ability to solubilize Morocco rock phosphate (RP) through oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfuric acid. All the tested strains grew in Nfb medium (except Dyella ginsengisoli) and possessed beta-1,3 glucanase activity (except Burkholderia kururiensis). Of the fourteen tested strains, 2 were found positive for siderophore production, 3 each for phytohormones (IAA), and salicylic acid production. Based on qualitative and quantitative assays, 5 strains were found to efficiently solubilize tri-calcium phosphate in Pikovskaya's medium. Nine strains exhibited ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity. In gnotobiotic experiments, Pandoraea sputorum ATSB28 which possessed the lowest ACC deaminase (0.44 nM of alpha-Keto butyrate formed min(-1) mg of protein(-1)) activity increased the primary root length of canola by 166%. Inoculation of Pandoraea sp. strain ATSB30 in mixture containing RP and thiosulfate significantly enhanced the water extractable-P (1147 microg P g RP(-1)) and bicarbonate extractable-P (1144 microg P g RP(-1)) on day 45. Glucose amendment resulted in increased RP solubilization as compared to glucose unamended treatments. Thiosulfate oxidizing bacteria tested in this study possessed at least one or more plant growth promoting traits apart from thiosulfate oxidation and solubilized the RP.
Determination of styrene oxide adducts in mononucleotide dAMP and DNA by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (2001)

A Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) method has been developed for quantitative determinations of nucleotides and research on adduct formation in mononucleotide dAMP and in hydrolysates of DNA exposed to styrene oxide. The aim of this work was to define an easy-to-implement analytical procedure adapted to the analysis of low concentrations in the μM range. The effect of pH on mobility was especially studied. The method was then validated using the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonisation in terms of detection limit, linear regression, and repeatability. The use of an extended light path capillary for UV detection permitted attainment of a sensitivity level less than 10 pg injected for each nucleotides. The reaction of styrene oxide with mononucleotide dAMP and DNA was used to optimise the relevant separation parameters and to gather preliminary information about the behaviour of the possible adducts formed.
A Neurophysiologically Inspired Hippocampus Based Associative-ART Artificial Neural Network Architecture. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Laser-induced ultrasound transmitters in a flexible photoacoustic and ultrasound tomography setup (2020)

We present a new laboratory setup for photoacoustic, transmission ultrasound and reflection ultrasound tomography. The system is based on a pair of independently rotating hemisphere segments on which are mounted acoustic transmitters and detectors. The interchangeability of the elements, as well as the ability to fully customise the acquisition protocol, allows for a considerable amount of flexibility in testing out different imaging approaches in both 2D and 3D. The current focus is the development of laser-induced ultrasound (LIUS) transmitters for use in tomographic imaging. We propose a transmitter design tuned for speed-of-sound mapping with a 1MHz centred response.
Investigation of the ‘Fines’ Hypothesis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Possible Role of Alpha-Crystallin (1998)

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a disease caused by an increase in intraocular pressure due to a decreased facility of outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. The etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma is currently unknown, but it has been suggested that one possible mechanism may be the obstruction of flow through the trabecular meshwork by small macromolecules, analogous to the effect of 'fines' in column chromatography. One such candidate is alpha-crystallin, a lens protein which may be released into the aqueous humor from lens fiber cells at concentrations below that necessary for the formation of the native aggregate. Results of in vitro binding experiments indicate that alpha-crystallin and serum albumin, which is secreted at the anterior root of the iris and is believed to act as a protein escort through the trabecular meshwork in mammalian eyes, will interact at concentrations of alpha-crystallin up to the critical micelle concentration for alpha-crystallin (3.5-5 mg/ml, or 0.18-0.25 mM). There is little interaction at or above this concentration. This binding could serve the necessary function of preventing interactions between alpha-crystallin monomers or small aggregates and hydrophobic surfaces within the trabecular meshwork. Since, however, the interaction between the two proteins is not extremely strong, the accumulation of unbound alpha-crystallin monomers and/or dimers could contribute to the development of primary open-angle glaucoma.
Eighteen-beam gun design for high power, high repetition rate, broadband multiple-beam klystrons (2005)

This paper presents the design of a high repetition rate electron gun to be employed in future high-power broadband multiple-beam amplifiers operating in S-band. Special emphasis is placed on the geometric layout of the gun to ensure high repetition rate operation at moderate beam switching voltages, good beam optics, and optimal beam packing for long life, efficient beam-wave interaction and broad bandwidth. The resulting gun design employs an eighteen-beam magnetically shielded cathode topology capable of generating a total current of 41.6 A (evenly divided among eighteen beams) at a voltage of 42 kV. In the beam tunnels, each beamlet has a radial fill factor of 48%. The nominal beam modulation voltage is 5.2 kV. With an estimated gun capacitance of 150 pF, a repetition rate in excess of 10 kHz is feasible with the current state-of-the-art in modulator technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Addition of Organometallic Reagents to (R)‐2,3‐Isopropylidenedioxy‐1‐(2‐furyl)‐1‐propanone Yielding Chiral Tertiary Furyl Carbinols. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Broad spectral sensitivity and improved efficiency in CuPc/Sub-Pc organic photovoltaic devices (2008)

We demonstrate organic photovoltaic devices incorporating two donors, namely, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and boron sub-phthalocyanine chloride (Sub-Pc) in association with single acceptor fullerene (C60) with sensitivity extending across the visible solar spectrum. It has been found that the absorption in different spectral regions in CuPc and Sub-Pc results in efficient harvesting of incident light photons which leads to enhanced power conversion efficiency (η). An enhancement in η from 0.64%, in the device architecture indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/CuPc(20 nm)/C60(40 nm)/bathophenanthroline (BPhen) (8 nm)/Al(150 nm), to ∼1.3% in the optimized device having a 2 nm layer of Sub-Pc in the geometry ITO/CuPc(18 nm)/Sub-Pc(2 nm)/C60 (40 nm)/BPhen (8 nm)/Al(150 nm) has been observed. This enhancement in η is dominantly attributed to the increment in short circuit current density (Jsc) due to efficient photon harvesting by incorporation of dual donors.
Torque Distribution Strategy for a Front- and Rear-Wheel-Driven Electric Vehicle (2012)

Electric vehicles (EVs) with a distributed drive train configuration offer great potential and flexibility for improving system efficiency, performance, reliability, and safety. This paper investigates a torque distribution scheme for a front- and rear-wheel-driven microsized EV to improve drive train efficiency over a wide torque and speed range. The loss model of the traction permanent-magnet (PM) motor is characterized in both the constant-torque and flux-weakening regions. The relationship between motor efficiency and torque at a given speed is then derived. It has been shown that maximum efficiency is achieved if the total torque required by the vehicle is equally shared between the two identical motors. In addition, the distribution of the energy consumption over a New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is analyzed, and the regions of high speed and low torque are identified to have a high level of energy consumption; in these regions, motor efficiency improvement is the most important. Therefore, this paper further proposes to operate just one motor to provide the total required torque in the low-torque region. A clutch may be employed between one motor and gearbox (differential), thus “switching off” its idle loss (no-load loss and flux-weakening loss) and improving drive train efficiency. An online optimized torque distribution algorithm has been devised based on the motor efficiency map to determine whether the second motor should be disengaged by the clutch in the low-torque region. With the proposed optimization scheme, drive train efficiency can be improved by 4% over the NEDC. Experimental test results validate the proposed torque distribution strategy.