gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Power Allocation in Zero-forcing MIMO-OFDM Downlink with Multiuser Diversity (2005)

Abstract—This paper considers the optimal power allocation for a multiuser MIMO-OFDM downlink system using zero-forcing multiplexing, with the objective to maximize the system capacity. First, we consider the problem of user selection and power allocation for every subcarrier. By converting this combinatorial optimization problem into a convex one, an optimal power allocation algorithm has been derived. Then we introduce and formulate two new problems by extending user selection to antenna selection and dimension selection. We also provide optimal and suboptimal solutions to antenna selection and dimension selection problems respectively, by slightly modifying the proposed algorithm for user selection. Numerical results and analysis are provided to evaluate the system capacity and to study the effect of the number of users and the receive antennas per user on the performance. Comparison among user selection, antenna selection and dimension selection is made.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED THIAN‐4‐ONES USING ORGANOCUPRATES (1981)

Abstract Thian‐4‐on (I) wird durch Chlorierung und nachfolgende HCl‐Eliminierung in 2,3‐Dihydrothiinon (II) umgewandelt, das mit gemischten Cupraten (III) über eine 1,4‐Addition zu 2‐substituierten Thjan‐4‐onen (IV) umgesetzt wird.
Simultaneous photoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasound imaging of in vivo embryonic-mouse vasculature (2011)

Normal development of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neurovascular network are crucial to the survival and development of the mammalian embryo. Recent studies have established that the CNS and the neurovascular systems influence each other through an interplay of signalling molecules. Proper analysis of abnormalities in these complex 3D architectures necessitates an imaging technique capable of volumetrically visualizing the CNS and the neurovascular network. High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) (>;20 MHz) is able to acquire a 3D volumetric data set of a mid-gestational embryonic head in about 2 minutes. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is able to produce detailed 3D images of vascular networks. The aim of this study was to integrate these two imaging modalities in order to simultaneously visualize the CNS and neurovasculature of mid-gestational mouse embryos in vivo. A 5-element, 40-MHz annular-array transducer with a geometric focus of 12 mm was integrated with a bifurcated optical-fiber assembly for delivering the light from a 532 nm, pulsed laser to the focal region of the annular array. Semi-invasive imaging was performed by exposing an intact conceptus and volumetric-image data were acquired of the embryonic heads by raster scanning the array transducer. Radio-frequency data were acquired on all five channels of the array and a delay-and-sum synthetic-focusing algorithm was utilized to form images. Preliminary results from mouse embryos imaged at E12.5 and E13.5 showed the capability of this imaging protocol to visualize morphologically correct anatomy such as the embryonic head and CNS as well as the co-registered neurovasculature. Vessels such as the as the mid-sagittal sinus, transverse sinus and basilar artery were readily identified.
The Use of Strontium Isotope Analysis to Investigate Tiwanaku Migration and Mortuary Ritual in Bolivia and Peru (2004)

Strontium isotope analysis is applied in South America for the first time in order to investigate residential mobility and mortuary ritual from ad 500 to 1000. While Tiwanaku‐style artefacts are spread throughout Bolivia, southern Peru and northern Chile during this time, the nature of Tiwanaku influence in the region is much debated. Human skeletal remains from the site of Tiwanaku and the proposed Tiwanaku colony of Chen Chen have been analysed to test the hypothesis that Tiwanaku colonies, populated with inhabitants from Tiwanaku, existed in Peru. Strontium isotope analysis supports this hypothesis by demonstrating that non‐local individuals are present at both sites.
Diaryltriazine non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are potent candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of sexual HIV transmission (2013)

We identified several compounds with highly potent antiviral activity and toxicity profiles that are superior to that of dapivirine. In particular, compound UAMC01398 is an interesting new candidate that warrants further investigation because of its superior toxicity profile and potent activity against dapivirine-resistant viruses.
Periventricular and Subcortical Leukoencephalopathy in two Dachshund Puppies (2004)

Two wirehaired dachshund puppies were presented with generalized tremor and gait abnormalities characterized by mild ataxia, tetraparesis and slightly abnormal proprioception. Neurological examination led to the suspicion of a diffuse generalized white matter lesion. Computerized tomography and pathological examination revealed a remarkable unilateral dilatation of the lateral ventricles in each dog. Histopathological examination showed a severe reduction of stainable myelin, widespread mild perineuronal oedema with vacuolations and multifocal reactive astrocytosis affecting the subcortical and deep periventricular white, and to a lesser degree, grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres, most prominently at the level of the optic chiasm. Axons showed a moderately reduced packing density; some axons were irregularly shaped and slightly thickened. There was no evidence of myelin breakdown products and neurones appeared to be well preserved. Brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord were normal, as was the peripheral nervous system. This leukoencephalopathy in two dachshund puppies most closely resembles human periventricular leukomalacia caused by pre- or perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis via Chiral Aziridines (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NPAS2: An Analog of Clock Operative in the Mammalian Forebrain (2001)

Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a transcription factor expressed primarily in the mammalian forebrain. NPAS2 is highly related in primary amino acid sequence to Clock, a transcription factor expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus that heterodimerizes with BMAL1 and regulates circadian rhythm. To investigate the biological role of NPAS2, we prepared a neuroblastoma cell line capable of conditional induction of the NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimer and identified putative target genes by representational difference analysis, DNA microarrays, and Northern blotting. Coinduction of NPAS2 and BMAL1 activated transcription of the endogenous Per1, Per2, and Cry1 genes, which encode negatively activating components of the circadian regulatory apparatus, and repressed transcription of the endogenous BMAL1 gene. Analysis of the frontal cortex of wild-type mice kept in a 24-hour light-dark cycle revealed that Per1, Per2, and Cry1 mRNA levels were elevated during darkness and reduced during light, whereas BMAL1 mRNA displayed the opposite pattern. In situ hybridization assays of mice kept in constant darkness revealed that Per2 mRNA abundance did not oscillate as a function of the circadian cycle in NPAS2-deficient mice. Thus, NPAS2 likely functions as part of a molecular clock operative in the mammalian forebrain.
The Targeting of Somatic Hypermutation Closely Resembles That of Meiotic Mutation (2001)

We have compared the microsequence specificity of mutations introduced during somatic hypermutation (SH) and those introduced meiotically during neutral evolution. We have minimized the effects of selection by studying nonproductive (hence unselected) Ig V region genes for somatic mutations and processed pseudogenes for meiotic mutations. We find that the two sets of patterns are very similar: the mutabilities of nucleotide triplets are positively correlated between the somatic and meiotic sets. The major differences that do exist fall into three distinct categories: 1) The mutability is sharply higher at CG dinucleotides under meiotic but not somatic mutation. 2) The complementary triplets AGC and GCT are much more mutable under somatic than under meiotic mutation. 3) Triplets of the form WAN (W = T or A) are uniformly more mutable under somatic than under meiotic mutation. Nevertheless, the relative mutabilities both within this set and within the SAN (S = G or C) triplets are highly correlated with those under meiotic mutation. We also find that the somatic triplet specificity is strongly symmetric under strand exchange for A/T triplets as well as for G/C triplets in spite of the strong predominance of A over T mutations. Thus, we suggest that somatic mutation has at least two distinct components: one that specifically targets AGC/GCT triplets and another that acts as true catalysis of meiotic mutation.
Effect of Axle Spacings on the Fluctuating Forces Trains Impose on Track (1994)

Carefully choosing axle spacings when designing rail vehicles offers designers a way of reducing the damage to railway track caused by the fluctuating forces which trains impose. Calculated spectra from these forces show regions where the excitation is particularly low and, by carefully choosing combinations of axle spacings and vehicle speeds, these dips can be arranged to coincide with resonances in track components thus minimising the excitation at these critical frequencies. Equations are provided for making these calculations. The implications of the analysis are speculative at this stage and require validation through practical experience, but if they are valid the analysis will help reduce the costs of track maintenance.
A Pipelined Framework for Online Cleaning of Sensor Data Streams (2006)

Data captured from the physical world through sensor devices tends to be noisy and unreliable. The data cleaning process for such data is not easily handled by standard data warehouse-oriented techniques, which do not take into account the strong temporal and spatial components of receptor data. We present Extensible receptor Stream Processing (ESP), a declarative query-based framework designed to clean the data streams produced by sensor devices.
Simultaneous movements of upper and lower limbs are coordinated by motor representations that are shared by both limbs: a PET study (2000)

The purpose of this study was to examine the cerebral control of simultaneous movements of the upper and lower limbs. We examined two hypotheses on how the brain coordinates movement: (i) by the involvement of motor representations shared by both limbs; or (ii) by the engagement of specific neural populations. We used positron emission tomography to measure the relative cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects performing isolated cyclic flexion-extension movements of the wrist and ankle (i.e. movements of wrist or ankle alone), and simultaneous movements of the wrist and ankle (a rest condition was also included). The simultaneous movements were performed in the same directions (iso-directional) and in opposite directions (antidirectional). There was no difference in the brain activity between these two patterns of coordination. In several motor-related areas (e.g. the contralateral ventral premotor area, the dorsal premotor area, the supplementary motor area, the parietal operculum and the posterior parietal cortex), the representation of the isolated wrist movement overlapped with the representation of the isolated ankle movement. Importantly, the simultaneous movements activated the same set of motor-related regions that were active during the isolated movements. In the contralateral ventral premotor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex and parietal operculum, there was less activity during the simultaneous movements than for the sum of the activity for the two isolated movements (interaction analysis). Indeed, in the ventral premotor cortex and parietal operculum, the activity was practically identical regardless whether only the wrist, only the ankle, or both the wrist and the ankle were moved. Taken together, these findings suggest that interlimb coordination is mediated by motor representations shared by both limbs, rather than being mediated by specific additional neural populations.
Upper gastrointestinal tract and abdomen: water as an orally administered contrast agent for helical CT. (1996)

Water is an efficacious negative contrast agent for evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract during helical CT.
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass: Challenges and Issues (2008)

There are strong incentives to develop the production of fuels, chemicals and materials from biomass. However, the extensive use of biomass for industrial production, particularly for biofuels which involves high tonnages, raises environmental and ethical issues that may throw some doubts on the sustainability of these processes. The processing cost of biomass must be decreased by designing new processing routes and catalytic systems because those employed for hydrocarbons are not adapted to the molecular structure of biomolecules. To avoid competition with food supply, lignocellulosic feedstocks should be used rather than traditional agricultural crops particularly for biofuel production. Life-cycle assessment, which takes into account all the inputs and outputs of a process/product, should be carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of processes and used as a decision-making tool for product development.
Data from Peptide-Conjugated PAMAM Dendrimer as a Universal DNA Vaccine Platform to Target Antigen-Presenting Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;DNA-based vaccines hold promise to outperform conventional antigen-based vaccines by virtue of many unique features. However, DNA vaccines have thus far fallen short of expectations, due in part to poor targeting of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and low immunogenicity. In this study, we describe a new platform for effective and selective delivery of DNA to APCs &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; that offers intrinsic immune-enhancing characteristics. This platform is based on conjugation of fifth generation polyamidoamine (G5-PAMAM) dendrimers, a DNA-loading surface, with MHC class II–targeting peptides that can selectively deliver these dendrimers to APCs under conditions that enhance their immune stimulatory potency. DNA conjugated with this platform efficiently transfected murine and human APCs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Subcutaneous administration of DNA-peptide-dendrimer complexes &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; preferentially transfected dendritic cells (DC) in the draining lymph nodes, promoted generation of high affinity T cells, and elicited rejection of established tumors. Taken together, our findings show how PAMAM dendrimer complexes can be used for high transfection efficiency and effective targeting of APCs &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, conferring properties essential to generate effective DNA vaccines. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(24); 7452–62. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Microwave Band-Stop Filters with Narrow Stop Bands (1962)

Band-stop filters can be used to eliminate a band of frequencies, or to separate such a band from other frequencies; if properly designed, the insertion loss at frequencies outside the stop-band can be minimized. The filters considered here have stop-band bandwidths up to a few per cent, and equiripple or maximally flat characteristics in the passband. Design formulas are presented. The effect of dissipation loss is included. A strip-line filter and a waveguide filter were constructed. Experimental results conform closely to the performance predicted by theory.
Direct observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in a parametrically driven gas of magnons (2007)

A gas of thermalized quasi-equilibrium magnons with a non-zero chemical potential created in a magnetic film using parametric pumping is studied. The value of the chemical potential of the gas is determined directly from the measured distribution of magnons over the spectrum. With increasing pumping power the value of the chemical potential increases. At high enough pumping powers it reaches the energy corresponding to the lowest magnon frequency. Under these conditions a very narrow peak of magnon population at the lowest magnon frequency appears. The measured width of the peak is five orders of magnitude smaller than that expected for the thermal distribution. We associate this effect with Bose–Einstein condensation of magnons.
Evaluation of the Fractal Properties of Cluster?Cluster Aggregates (2000)

While the fractal dimension of cluster-cluster aggregates, Df , appears to be a well-established property, the fractal prefactor, kg (also known as structural coefficient), continues to exhibit a large range of possible values. In the present paper, an attempt is made to clarify this issue which leads to conclusive results concerning the value to adopt for the fractal prefactor of simulated aggregates. Starting from a large population of "free" numerically simulated aggregates (i.e., where no restrictions to aggregate formation were imposed) the fractal properties obtained were estimated both using morphological concepts as well as light scattering theories. Furthermore, studies for aggregates having predefined morphological kg values (namely, kg > 2 and ca. 1) were also performed in order to check the viability of these values. The results obtained for the three different populations of aggregates considered were used to infer, through a best-fit analysis, the fractal properties. Our best estimates are kg
Lignan Glycosides and Flavonoid Glycosides from the Aerial Portion of Lespedeza cuneata and Their Biological Evaluations (2018)

<i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> (Fabaceae), known as Chinese bushclover, has been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of diseases including diabetes, hematuria, and insomnia. As part of a continuing search for bioactive constituents from Korean medicinal plant sources, phytochemical analysis of the aerial portion of <i>L. cuneata</i> led to the isolation of two new lignan glycosides (<b>1</b>,<b>2</b>) along with three known lignan glycosides (<b>3</b>⁻<b>7</b>) and nine known flavonoid glycosides (<b>8</b>⁻<b>14</b>). Numerous analysis techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, HR-MS, and chemical reactions, were utilized for structural elucidation of the new compounds (<b>1</b>,<b>2</b>). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their applicability in medicinal use using cell-based assays. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>4</b>⁻<b>6</b> exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four human breast cancer cell lines (Bt549, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and HCC70) (IC<sub>50</sub> < 30.0 μM). However, none of the isolated compounds showed significant antiviral activity against PR8, HRV1B, or CVB3. In addition, compound <b>10</b> produced fewer lipid droplets in Oil Red O staining of mouse mesenchymal stem cells compared to the untreated negative control without altering the amount of alkaline phosphatase staining.
Formation of palladium nanoparticles under pulse current in a dimethylformamide solution (2011)

The morphology of palladium deposited by pulse electrolysis from dimethylformamide solutions of PdCl2 on the surface of graphite and ITO glass was studied. The effect of the value of cathode potential and electrolysis duration on the sizes of particles and their distribution in the substrate was investigated. It was shown that, on the substrate surface, deposits with particle sizes of 30–350 nm are formed.
Radicicol Binds and Inhibits Mammalian ATP Citrate Lyase (2000)

Six different biotinylated radicicol derivatives were synthesized as affinity probes for identification of cellular radicicol-binding proteins. Derivatives biotinylated at the C-17 (BR-1) and C-11 (BR-6) positions retained the activity of morphological reversion in v-src-transformed 3Y1 fibroblasts. Two radicicol-binding proteins, 120 and 90-kDa in size, were detected in HeLa cell extracts by employing BR-1 and BR-6, respectively. The 90-kDa protein bound to BR-6 was identified to be Hsp90 by immunoblotting. The 120-kDa protein bound to BR-1 was purified from rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and its internal amino acid sequence was identical to that of human and rat ATP citrate lyase. The identity of the 120-kDa protein as ATP citrate lyase was confirmed by immunoblotting. Interaction between BR-1 and ATP citrate lyase was blocked by radicicol but not by herbimycin A that interacts with Hsp90. These results suggest that radicicol binds the two proteins through different molecular portions of its structure. BR-1-bound ATP citrate lyase isolated from rabbit reticulocyte lysate showed no enzymatic activity. The activity of rat liver ATP citrate lyase was inhibited by radicicol and BR-1 but not by BR-6. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that radicicol was a non-competitive inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase with K(i) values for citrate and ATP of 13 and 7 microm, respectively.
RNAseq expression patterns of canine invasive urothelial carcinoma reveal two distinct tumor clusters and shared regions of dysregulation with human bladder tumors (2020)

These data identify critical sets of genes that are differently regulated in association with an activating mutation in the MAPK/ERK pathway in canine iUC tumors. The experiments also highlight the value of the canine system in identifying expression patterns associated with a common, shared cancer.
Using conjoint meshing primitives to generate quadrilateral and hexahedral elements in irregular regions (1989)

The parameter-space mapping technique used in most finite element mesh generation programs requires that the geometry be subdivided into either rectangular areas in 2-D or rectilinear volumes in 3-D to produce, respectively, quadrilateral or hexahedral elements. Since subdivision occurs in parameter space, the edges bounding the areas and volumes need not be straight or parallel lines. Simple geometries may be subdivided easily while irregular features challenge the analyst. This paper presents the formulation and application of conjoint meshing primitives that assist the analyst in meshing in and around irregular features. The term conjoint is applied to these primitives because each is composed of several rectangular areas or rectilinear volumes. Interval assignments may vary from side to side, within a set of constraints, for each primitive. Thus, all of them are useful for transitions between other regular areas or volumes. In 2-D, the primitive areas are the triangle, pentagon, semi-circle, circle, and rectangular transition. These primitives are implemented in the Sandia meshing program FASTQ and are used in regular production work. They are also the basis for decomposition regions in the developing artificial intelligence Automated Meshing Knowledge System, AMEKS. In 3-D, the primitive volumes are the 2-D primitives extended in depth together with the tetrahedon and two rectilinear transition volumes. These primitives are the foundation for extending AMEKS to 3-D. 9 refs., 14 figs.
Atomic Motions in LiBH4 by NMR (2008)

1H, 7Li, and 11B NMR measurements were used to understand atomic translational motions in both the low- and high-temperature phases (LT, HT) of LiBH4. In the HT phase 7Li spectra, spin−echo T2, and T1 all indicate very rapid lithium ion diffusion. Just above the phase transition, the hydrogen resonance is broad, about 22 kHz fwhm (full width at half of maximum), showing that H translations remain slow. From 120 to 170 °C, a rapidly decreasing T1D (relaxation time of dipolar spin-order) shows that the hydrogens diffuse increasingly rapidly. This motion eventually results in marked hydrogen line-narrowing centered near 190 °C; the hydrogen diffusion is likely relevant to the kinetics of dehydriding. The extent of 11B line-narrowing demonstrates that the boron atoms also diffuse rapidly at temperatures above 200 °C. In the LT phase, the hydrogen T1D decreases rapidly with increasing temperature, here due to 7Li diffusion which is too slow for line-narrowing.