gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A practical construction method for polar codes in AWGN channels (2013)

Polar coding, introduced by Arikan, is the first code construction method that could be proved to construct capacity-achieving codes for any symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs). However, this construction method is not explicit or efficient if the channel is not binary erasure channel (BEC). Density evolution is proposed to help solve this problem for any B-DMCs but the implementation is not tractable and requires a high computation complexity. Here, we introduce an efficient method to calculate Bhattacharyya parameter and construct polar codes based on Gaussian approximation. Then we evaluate the code performance and compare it with the existing methods. It is shown that the constructed code using Gaussian approximation can have a comparable error performance with a low computation complexity.
Genome-Wide Double-Stranded RNA Sequencing Reveals the Functional Significance of Base-Paired RNAs in Arabidopsis (2010)

The functional structure of all biologically active molecules is dependent on intra- and inter-molecular interactions. This is especially evident for RNA molecules whose functionality, maturation, and regulation require formation of correct secondary structure through encoded base-pairing interactions. Unfortunately, intra- and inter-molecular base-pairing information is lacking for most RNAs. Here, we marry classical nuclease-based structure mapping techniques with high-throughput sequencing technology to interrogate all base-paired RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana and identify ∼200 new small (sm)RNA-producing substrates of RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6. Our comprehensive analysis of paired RNAs reveals conserved functionality within introns and both 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs, as well as a novel population of functional RNAs, many of which are the precursors of smRNAs. Finally, we identify intra-molecular base-pairing interactions to produce a genome-wide collection of RNA secondary structure models. Although our methodology reveals the pairing status of RNA molecules in the absence of cellular proteins, previous studies have demonstrated that structural information obtained for RNAs in solution accurately reflects their structure in ribonucleoprotein complexes. Furthermore, our identification of RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 substrates and conserved functional RNA domains within introns and both 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs using this approach strongly suggests that RNA molecules are correctly folded into their secondary structure in solution. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of base-paired RNAs in eukaryotes and present an approach that should be widely applicable for the analysis of this key structural feature of RNA.
Quantification of the kinetic differences between communities isolated from completely mixed activated sludge systems operated with or without a selector using a novel respirometric method (1994)

This study quantified the kinetic differences in microbial communities isolated from completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) systems that were operated either with or without an aerobic selector preceding the main reactor. A new respirometric method was employed that allowed the determination of biodegradation kinetics from single oxygen consumption curves, thereby minimizing physiological changes to the examined communities during the assay. Results indicated that increased values for Ks and μmax for acetate, phenol, and 4-chlorophenol degradation were measured in the CMAS system operated with a selector. The biomass yields on acetate, phenol, and 4-chlorophenol were very similar in both systems. These findings indicate that the operation of CMAS systems with aerobic selectors may result in the selection for degrading populations with higher Ks and μmax values for both biogenic and xenobiotic organic compounds, and that substrate storage in the selector only partially contributes to increased substrate removal rates.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter 2022 Annual Conference (2022)

Enhancing Safety Critical Performance. On the occasion of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter Annual Meeting in Torino, Italy, 2022.
<title>Interactive distance education service (IDES) using the Centralized Access Node System (CANS)</title> (1995)

The successes of B-ISDN project depend on attractive application services. Thus, it is very important to analyze application services which users desire, and to study the customer access network for applications. Especially, because the cost of the constructions for the customer access network need high, it is very important to configure this network economically and effectively. We recognize the importance how to provide B-ISDN application services and to configure the customer access network. This paper describes the Interactive Distance Education Service (IDES) requirements in the user and network aspects. The requirements include the service definition, reference configuration, procedure and Quality Of Service. And also this paper proposes the configuration of customer access network for providing IDES using the Centralized Access Node system which is a kind of the B-NT system. There are many applications area in IDES, we describe the three scenarios--for rural area, between the major and minor campus and for joint education including the university, research institute and enterprise.
A New Implicit Finite Difference Algorithm of Thermal Melt Flow during Filling Process (2012)

In the SOLA-VOF method of casting simulation, the explicit difference method is often used for calculating the 3D incompressible viscous equations in filling simulation. Because the time step is limited, the computational efficiency is low. In this work, the new algorithm based on the projection method with the implicit finite difference technique is established to calculate the velocity fields and the pressure. It is proved that the new algorithm based on the projection method with the implicit technique is correct through the nonparametric statistics method and experiments. The simulation results show that the new algorithm based on the projection method with the implicit technique is more quickly than the SOLA-VOF method using the explicit difference method.
Vibrational Assignments of Lithium Alkyl Carbonate and Lithium Alkoxide in the Infrared Spectra An Ab Initio MO Study (2000)

We conducted ab initio molecular orbital calculations on stable monomer and dimer structures of lithium alkyl carbonates (methyl, ethyl, and propyl carbonate lithium) and lithium alkoxides (lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide, lithium propoxide, and lithium butoxide). We confirmed that both lithium alkyl carbonates and lithium alkoxides adopted the dimer structure. The dimerization energies were approximately constant and independent of the alkyl group chain length. The dimerization energy was 214 kJ/mol for lithium alkyl carbonates and 266 kJ/mol for lithium alkoxides. Assignments of the vibration modes for each calculated frequency of lithium alkyl carbonates and lithium alkoxides were carried out. Vibrational frequency analysis recognized a dramatic vibrational frequency shift in the parts of the structure which changed significantly between the monomer and dimer structures (the lithium carbonate structure for lithium alkyl carbonates and the COLi structure for lithium alkoxides). Good agreement was achieved between calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies by shifting the frequency of the dimers. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
High-Resolution Identification of Specificity Determining Positions in the LacI Protein Family Using Ensembles of Sub-Sampled Alignments (2016)

Since the advent of large-scale genomic sequencing, and the consequent availability of large numbers of homologous protein sequences, there has been burgeoning development of methods for extracting functional information from multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). One type of analysis seeks to identify specificity determining positions (SDPs) based on the assumption that such positions are highly conserved within groups of sequences sharing functional specificity, but conserved to different amino acids in different specificity groups. This unsupervised approach to utilizing evolutionary information may elucidate mechanisms of specificity in protein-protein interactions, catalytic activity of enzymes, sensitivity to allosteric regulation, and other types of protein functionality. We present an analysis of SDPs in the LacI family of transcriptional regulators in which we 1) relax the constraint that all specificity groups must contribute to SDP signal, and 2) use a novel approach to robust treatment of sequence alignment uncertainty based on sub-sampling. We find that the vast majority of SDP signal occurs at positions with a conservation pattern that significantly complicates detection by previously described methods. This pattern, which we term "partial SDP", consists of the commonly accepted SDP conservation pattern among a subset of specificity groups and strong degeneracy among the rest. An upshot of this fact is that the SDP complement of every specificity group appears to be unique. Additionally, sub-sampling gives us the ability to assign a confidence interval to the SDP score, as well as increase fidelity, as compared to analysis of a single, comprehensive alignment-the current standard in multiple sequence alignment methodologies.
Lung Transplantation From Controlled and Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD) Donors With Long Ischemic Times Managed by Simple Normothermic Ventilation and Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion Assessment (2023)

Donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors are still subject of studies. In this prospective cohort trial, we compared outcomes after lung transplantation (LT) of subjects receiving lungs from DCD donors with those of subjects receiving lungs from donation after brain death (DBD) donors (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02061462). Lungs from DCD donors were preserved <i>in-vivo</i> through normothermic ventilation, as per our protocol. We enrolled candidates for bilateral LT ≥14 years. Candidates for multi-organ or re-LT, donors aged ≥65 years, DCD category I or IV donors were excluded. We recorded clinical data on donors and recipients. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were: duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD3) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). 121 patients (110 DBD Group, 11 DCD Group) were enrolled. 30-day mortality and CLAD prevalence were nil in the DCD Group. DCD Group patients required longer MV (DCD Group: 2 days, DBD Group: 1 day, <i>p</i> = 0.011). ICU length of stay and PGD3 rate were higher in DCD Group but did not significantly differ. LT with DCD grafts procured with our protocols appears safe, despite prolonged ischemia times.
Circuit and architecture trade-offs for high-speed multiplication (1991)

VLSI implementations of high-performance parallel multipliers are discussed. Circuit building blocks required for partial-product reduction are analyzed and two schemes leading to highly regular layouts are proposed. The circuit implementations related to the first-scheme in three different BiCMOS technologies are discussed. The die size and performance for nominal design rule values are compared, and the trend in scaling the feature sizes is studied. A silicon implementation of a prototype slice of an IEEE double-precision floating point multiplier in a 0.8- mu m double-metal BiCMOS technology is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long Term Natural History Data in Ambulant Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: 36-Month Changes (2014)

The 6 minute walk test has been recently chosen as the primary outcome measure in international multicenter clinical trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy ambulant patients. The aim of the study was to assess the spectrum of changes at 3 years in the individual measures, their correlation with steroid treatment, age and 6 minute walk test values at baseline. Ninety-six patients from 11 centers were assessed at baseline and 12, 24 and 36 months after baseline using the 6 minute walk test and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment. Three boys (3%) lost the ability to perform the 6 minute walk test within 12 months, another 13 between 12 and 24 months (14%) and 11 between 24 and 36 months (12%). The 6 minute walk test showed an average overall decline of -15.8 (SD 77.3) m at 12 months, of -58.9 (SD 125.7) m at 24 months and -104.22 (SD 146.2) m at 36 months. The changes were significantly different in the two baseline age groups and according to the baseline 6 minute walk test values (below and above 350 m) (p<0.001). The changes were also significantly different according to steroid treatment (p = 0.01). Similar findings were found for the North Star Ambulatory Assessment. These are the first 36 month longitudinal data using the 6 minute walk test and North Star Ambulatory Assessment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our findings will help not only to have a better idea of the progression of the disorder but also provide reference data that can be used to compare with the results of the long term extension studies that are becoming available.
Scanning Reflectarray with Embedded Structural Grid for Deployable Applications (2021)

a scanning reflectarray for applications demanding deployable, lightweight and power-efficient apertures is presented. The array's novel panel construction features a structural aluminum grid embedded within the antenna elements, allowing the assembly to be inherently rigid, yet lightweight and resistant to heat-induced warping. The array's reflective phase-shifting antenna elements are based on FET switches mated with variable-length transmission lines, allowing for very low DC power operation. Details on array design, prototype realization and experimental validation are presented.
Cybernic treatment with wearable cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) improves ambulatory function in patients with slowly progressive rare neuromuscular diseases: a multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover trial for efficacy and safety (NCY-3001) (2021)

JMACTR, JMA-IIA00156.
Electron impact processes in nitrogen rich atmospheres of the outer solar system (2010)

Electron collisions with N2 are predominant components of the interaction between outer solar-system atmospheres and solar photons, solar wind, and magnetospheric electrons. Our collaboration between the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the California State University, Fullerton (CSUF), has devoted a significant effort over the last few years to improving the knowledge base of electron-N2 excitation phenomena. Here, we highlight the lack of Franck-Condon behaviour in excitation of the Rydberg-valence states, using excitation of the C3Πu state as a case in point. Further, we briefly introduce ongoing work measuring vibrationally-resolved emission cross sections for the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) band system of the a1Πg (v') → X1Σ+g (v'') transitions. Specifically, we present preliminary results for the relative (3,0) emission cross section, which calls the currently accepted LBH shape function of Ajello and Shemansky (1985 J. Geophys. Res.-Space 90 9845) into question.
Table A and B from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Share Characteristics and Protumorigenic Activity with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A: List of antibodies used in the study B: Clinical characteristics of patients from which CAF-MSC and BM-MSC were isolated.&lt;/p&gt;
Identification of specific high density lipoprotein-binding sites in rat testis and regulation of binding by human chorionic gonadotropin. (1980)

Freshly prepared rat testicular membranes bind iodinated rat high density lipoprotein (HDL) with high affinity (Kd = 32 microgram of HDL protein/ml). This high density lipoprotein binding differs from low density lipoprotein binding by cultured human fibroblast cells in two ways; it is not affected by Ca2+ or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and it is not sensitive to pronase and trypsin. Testicular binding activity is primarily found in interstitial tissue containing Leydig cells and can be modulated by human chorionic gonadotropin administration in vivo (2-fold increase of binding capacity, with no affinity change) with 250 units/kg of human chorionic gonadotropin injection daily for 4 days. The interstitial high density lipoprotein binding site also recognizes rat very low density lipoprotein, but not rat low density lipoprotein, as shown by displacement experiments. When membrane preparations of various other tissues were assessed for their high density lipoprotein binding, we found that the adrenal density lipoprotein binding, we found that the adrenal gland binds rat high density lipoprotein with similar affinity and capacity, while spleen, kidney, and heart showed no high affinity binding. In addition, when iodinated rat low density lipoprotein was tested for its ability to bind to testicular membranes, no high affinity saturable binding was observed. We conclude that there are specific high density lipoprotein-binding sites present in steroidogenic tissues; these binding sites are not found in the nonsteroidogenic tissues tested. Furthermore, no high affinity low density lipoprotein-binding sites can be demonstrated in the testis; thus it appears that high density lipoprotein, rather than low density lipoprotein, is the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein recognized by the rat testis.
Inactivation of p21 by E1A Leads to the Induction of Apoptosis in DNA-Damaged Cells (2001)

A major impediment to successful chemotherapy is the propensity for some tumor cells to undergo cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. It is well established, however, that the adenovirus E1A protein can sensitize these cells to the induction of apoptosis by anticancer agents. To further understand how E1A enhances chemosensitivity, we have made use of a human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116) which typically undergoes cell cycle arrest in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. As seen by the analysis of E1A mutants, we show here that E1A can induce apoptosis in these cells by neutralizing the activities of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. E1A's ability to interact with p21 and thereby restore Cdk2 activity in DNA-damaged cells correlates with the reversal of G(1) arrest, which in turn leads to apoptosis. Analysis of E1A mutants failing to bind p300 (also called CBP) or Rb shows that they are almost identical to wild-type E1A in their ability to initially overcome a G(1) arrest in cells after DNA damage, while an E1A mutant failing to bind p21 is not. However, over time, this mutant, which can still target Rb, is far more efficient in accumulating cells with a DNA content greater than 4N but is similar to wild-type E1A and the other E1A mutants in releasing cells from a p53-mediated G(2) block following chemotherapeutic treatment. Thus, we suggest that although E1A requires the binding of p21 to create an optimum environment for apoptosis to occur in DNA-damaged cells, E1A's involvement in other pathways may be contributing to this process as well. A model is proposed to explain the implications of these findings.
Biochemistry of Seminal Plasma in Azoospermic Men (1985)

Seminal plasma from 20 azoospermic and 4 vasectomized men and 75 samples from normal ejaculates were quantitated colorimetrically for zinc, fructose, and glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) contents. The results were similar to those obtained in the normal ejaculates, in 17 of 21 azoospermic ejaculates, whereas in the vasectomized ejaculates, GPC values were reduced. In the remaining 4 azoospermic ejaculates, less than 15% of fructose and GPC and a zinc content three times higher than normal were detected. Vasogram performed in these 4 azoospermic men revealed occlusion or aplasia of the ampula. The data suggest that biochemical evaluation may aid in differential diagnosis of the etiology of azoospermia.
Pair-Wise Serial ROIC for Uncooled Microbolometer Array (2015)

This work presents modelling and simulation of a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) design considering pair-wise serial configuration along with thermal modeling of an uncooled microbolometer array. A fully differential approach is used at the input stage in order to reduce fixed pattern noise due to the process variation and self-heating?related issues. Each pair of microbolometers is pulse-biased such that they both fall under the same self-heating point along the self-heating trend line. A ±10% process variation is considered. The proposed design is simulated with a reference input image consisting of an array of 127x92 pixels. This configuration uses only one unity gain differential amplifier along with a single 14-bit analog-to-digital converter in order to minimize the dynamic range requirement of the ROIC
Copolymérisation en émulsion styrène-acrylate de butyle en présence d'un monomère réticulable (n-méthylolacrylamide) : relation procédé de synthèse-structure-propriétés (1987)

Synthese de copolymeres styrene/acrylate de butyle filmables et reticulables par un traitement thermique. Determination de la morphologie des particules de latex et de la repartition du monomere fonctionel. Etude des proprietes mecaniques
Finite fields (2005)

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Microbial Contamination of Glaucoma Eyedrops Used by Patients Compared With Ocular Medications Used in the Hospital (2015)

The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of contamination of multiuse eyedrops applied by glaucoma patients at home and by the medical personnel at the outpatient department, the ward, and the operating room of our Department of Ophthalmology. Eyedrops were collected over a period of 11 months. Samples were taken from the dropper tip (smear), drops, and the residual fluid inside the bottle and cultivated on blood agar. Colony forming units were counted and identified by mass spectrometry. The percentage of contamination was significantly higher in eyedrops applied by the patients (29/119; 24.4%, P < 0.01), used in the ward (26/133; 19.5%, P < 0.01), and in the outpatient unit (6/35; 17.1%, P = 0.036) compared with that in the operating room (6/113; 5.3%). The median period of use was 1 week in the operating room compared with 4 weeks in the other groups (P < 0.01). Glaucoma medications were significantly more frequently contaminated than antibiotic and anesthetic eyedrops (P < 0.05). For eyedrops applied by the patients, the tip was more frequently contaminated than the drops and the residual internal fluid. For eyedrops from the ward, the opposite was true. Pathogenic strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Staphylococcus aureus) were found only in 6 bottles (1.5%), whereas most of the detected microbes belonged to human or environmental flora. This study underlines the importance of hygienic handling of eyedrops and raises the question of whether single-use glaucoma medication might be preferred to reduce the risk of contamination.