gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAVIOUR: telemedicine in action (1994)

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor is one of the ligand-gated ion channels that regulate the synaptic release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Recently, neuronal nACh receptors have received attention as a potential target for general anesthetics because many general anesthetics inhibit their functions at clinical concentrations. Several general anesthetics are known to inhibit the homomeric (alpha(7))(5) nACh receptor, a subtype of neuronal nACh receptors, but the effects of two gaseous anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and xenon (Xe), remain unknown. Using the two-electrode voltage-clamping technique, we investigated the effects of N(2)O and Xe at the human (alpha(7))(5) nACh receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. At clinically relevant concentrations, N(2)O and Xe reversibly inhibited the ACh-induced currents of the (alpha(7))(5) nACh receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory actions of both anesthetics at the (alpha(7))(5) nACh receptor were noncompetitive and voltage-independent. Our results suggest that inhibition of the (alpha(7))(5) nACh receptor by N(2)O and Xe may play a role in their anesthetic effects.
β‐Alkoxyalkyl‐, β‐Sulfanylalkyl‐, and β‐Aminoalkylboranes (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Creep damage coupled effects : experimental investigations on bending beams of different sizes (2009)

The serviceability of concrete structures is a problem in which creep and damage are coupled. In this paper, we present experimental investigations on concrete that involve tertiary creep. We consider residual capacity tests on notched bending beams and investigate the evolution of size effect due to basic creep. In these experiments, beams are first subjected to a constant load, at a given ratio of the maximum capacity during 90 days. They are then loaded up to failure and their residual capacity is obtained. During the creep phase, acoustic emission is analyzed and it shows that damage develops under creep. The comparison between the size effect test results with and without creep exhibits variations of the fracture properties of the material. The fracture energy and the size of the fracture process zone decrease when creep occurs prior to failure. These results, which include size effect fracture tests, may serve for the development and validation of coupled creep-damage models.
Chemotactic signaling via carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems in Escherichia coli (2012)

Chemotaxis allows bacteria to follow gradients of nutrients, environmental stimuli, and signaling molecules, optimizing bacterial growth and survival. Escherichia coli has long served as a model of bacterial chemotaxis, and the signal processing by the core of its chemotaxis pathway is well understood. However, most of the research so far has focused on one branch of chemotactic signaling, in which ligands bind to periplasmic sensory domains of transmembrane chemoreceptors and induce a conformational change that is transduced across the membrane to regulate activity of the receptor-associated kinase CheA. Here we quantitatively characterize another, receptor-independent branch of chemotactic signaling that is linked to the sugar uptake through a large family of phosphotransferase systems (PTSs). Using in vivo characterization of intracellular signaling and protein interactions, we demonstrate that signals from cytoplasmic PTS components are transmitted directly to the sensory complexes formed by chemoreceptors, CheA and an adapter protein CheW. We further conclude that despite different modes of sensing, the PTS- and receptor-mediated signals have similar regulatory effects on the conformation of the sensory complexes. As a consequence, both types of signals become integrated and undergo common downstream processing including methylation-dependent adaptation. We propose that such mode of signaling is essential for efficient chemotaxis to PTS substrates and may be common to most bacteria.
Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in CKD Patients with Cinacalcet and/or Vitamin D Derivatives (2008)

The discovery of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) 15 yr ago was rapidly followed by the development of drugs modulating its activity, the so-called calcimimetics (increasing the CaR signal) and calcilytics (decreasing the CaR signal). The indication for calcimimetics is treatment of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, whereas calcilytics have potential for treatment of osteoporosis. A large number of clinical studies has shown that cinacalcet, the only presently available calcimimetic, effectively reduces serum parathyroid hormone in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. In contrast to the effect of active vitamin D derivatives, it simultaneously decreases serum calcium and phosphorus. Experimental studies showed a concomitant decrease in parathyroid hyperplasia. In the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism of dialysis patients, important questions remain unresolved, for example, whether there are reasons to prefer calcimimetics to active vitamin D derivatives and whether combined administration offers advantages compared with calcimimetics or active vitamin D given in isolation. For lowering parathyroid hormone, available evidence from recent studies suggests that combination therapy should be preferred to single drug treatment because of less side-effects and greater efficacy in controlling parathyroid overfunction. Future randomized controlled trial must answer whether calcimimetics impact on cardiovascular events or survival and whether in this respect there are differences between vitamin D sterols and calcimimetics.
Nitrogen-oxygen donor macrocyclic ligands. 3. Cobalt(II) complexes of cyclic diimine ligands derived from salicylaldehyde and 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone. X-ray structure determination of cis-dithiocyanato(5,6:14,15-dibenzo-1,4-dioxa-8,12-diazacyclopentadecane-7,12-diene)cobalt(II) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogen-oxygen donor macrocyclic ligands. 3. Cobalt(II) complexes of cyclic diimine ligands derived from salicylaldehyde and 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone. X-ray structure determination of cis-dithiocyanato(5,6:14,15-dibenzo-1,4-dioxa-8,12-diazacyclopentadecane-7,12-diene)cobalt(II)Lyndon G. Armstrong, Leonard F. Lindoy, Mary. McPartlin, Garry M. Mockler, and Peter A. TaskerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 7, 1665–1669Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50173a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50173a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Riboflavin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats (2015)

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is the central component of the cofactors flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and is therefore required by all flavoproteins. Riboflavin also works as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of riboflavin against acute lungs injury induced by the administration of a single intranasal dose (20 μg/rat) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in experimental rats. Administration of LPS resulted in marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p < 0.01) and MPO activity (p < 0.001), whereas marked decrease in glutathione (GSH) content (p < 0.001), glutathione reductase (GR) (p < 0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) activity. These changes were significantly (p < 0.001) improved by treatment with riboflavin in a dose-dependent manner (30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). Riboflavin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed similar protective effects as dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Administration of LPS showed marked cellular changes including interstitial edema, hemorrhage, infiltration of PMNs, etc., which were reversed by riboflavin administration. Histopathological examinations showed normal morphological structures of lungs tissue in the control group. These biochemical and histopathological examination were appended with iNOS and CAT gene expression. The iNOS mRNA expression was increased significantly (p < 0.001) and levels of CAT mRNA expression was decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the animals exposed to LPS, while treatment with riboflavin significantly (p < 0.01) improved expression of both gene. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that riboflavin caused a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI. These results suggest that riboflavin may be used to protect against toxic effect of LPS in lungs.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma with amplification of PD-L1: exceptional response to anti-PD1 therapy (2016)

Metastatic basal cell carcinomas are rare malignancies harbouring Hedgehog pathway alterations targetable by SMO antagonists (vismodegib/sonidegib). We describe, for the first time, the molecular genetics and response of a patient with Hedgehog inhibitor-resistant metastatic basal cell carcinoma who achieved rapid tumour regression (ongoing near complete remission at 4 months) with nivolumab (anti-PD1 antibody). He had multiple hallmarks of anti-PD1 responsiveness including high mutational burden (> 50 mutations per megabase; 19 functional alterations in tissue next-generation sequencing (NGS; 315 genes)) as well as <i>PDL1/PDL2/JAK2</i> amplification (as determined by both tissue NGS and by analysis of plasma-derived cell-free DNA). The latter was performed using technology originally developed for the genome-wide detection of sub-chromosomal copy-number alterations (CNAs) in noninvasive prenatal testing and showed numerous CNAs including amplification of the 9p24.3-9p22.2 region containing <i>PD-L1</i>, <i>PD-L2</i> and <i>JAK2</i>. Of interest, <i>PD-L1</i>, <i>PD-L2</i> and <i>JAK2</i> amplification is a characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma, which is exquisitely sensitive to nivolumab. In conclusion, selected SMO antagonist-resistant metastatic basal cell carcinomas may respond to nivolumab based on underlying molecular genetic mechanisms that include <i>PD-L1</i> amplification and high tumour mutational burden.
Transgenic Expression of Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 in the Heart Causes Lipotoxic Cardiomyopathy (2004)

Evidence is emerging that systemic metabolic disturbances contribute to cardiac myocyte dysfunction and clinically apparent heart failure, independent of associated coronary artery disease. To test the hypothesis that perturbation of lipid homeostasis in cardiomyocytes contributes to cardiac dysfunction, we engineered transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) using the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter. Two independent transgenic lines demonstrate 4-fold increased myocardial free fatty acid (FFA) uptake that is consistent with the known function of FATP1. Increased FFA uptake in this model likely contributes to early cardiomyocyte FFA accumulation (2-fold increased) and subsequent increased cardiac FFA metabolism (2-fold). By 3 months of age, transgenic mice have echocardiographic evidence of impaired left ventricular filling and biatrial enlargement, but preserved systolic function. Doppler tissue imaging and hemodynamic studies confirm that these mice have predominantly diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, ambulatory ECG monitoring reveals prolonged QT(c) intervals, reflecting reductions in the densities of repolarizing, voltage-gated K+ currents in ventricular myocytes. Our results show that in the absence of systemic metabolic disturbances, such as diabetes or hyperlipidemia, perturbation of cardiomyocyte lipid homeostasis leads to cardiac dysfunction with pathophysiological findings similar to those in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, the MHC-FATP model supports a role for FATPs in FFA import into the heart in vivo.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human interleukin 2: strategy and tactics. (1983)

The unique hormonal characteristics of human interleukin 2 (IL 2), primarily the high affinity of the IL 2-receptor interaction, created several impediments to the generation of monoclonal antibodies to this lymphokine. Because normal cell sources produce only a few micrograms of IL 2 per liter, it was necessary to utilize high producer clones and subclones of a human T leukemia cell line to obtain immunogenic amounts of IL 2 protein. Moreover, assays that required antibody-mediated intervention of the high affinity IL 2-receptor binding were ineffectual in the identification of anti-IL 2-producing hybridomas, thus necessitating the development of immunoassays. Two of three initially derived antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay were found to react specifically with IL 2 as demonstrated by antibody concentration-dependent neutralization of IL 2 activity. The neutralization of cellular proliferation was specific for IL 2-reactive cells, coincided with an inhibition of IL 2 receptor binding, could be completely overcome by affinity-purified IL 2 and was species-specific; human and murine IL 2 were neutralized, whereas rat IL 2 activity remained unaffected. A third antibody, although much less effective in neutralizing IL 2 activity, bound to IL 2 more avidly and functioned as an efficient immunoabsorbent. IL 2 could be concentrated and purified by immunoabsorption from crude conditioned medium in a single step. The purified product, which retained biologic activity, was made up of a single protein (Mr = 15,500) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reversed-phase liquid chromatography, and amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. These results indicate that the distinctive biochemical and functional properties of individual lymphokines may well determine the efficiency with which antibodies may be elicited and detected. However, once produced, anti-lymphokines are uniquely suited for the exploration of the molecular and biologic properties of these immunoregulatory molecules.
Plasma LH and Progesterone Levels before and after Ovulation and Observation of Ovarian Follicles by Ultrasonographic Diagnosis System in Dogs. (2000)

Recently, canine frozen semen has been attracting attention for breeding purposes, and methods of judging ovulation and optimum timing for insemination have become important. As methods of predicting the canine ovulation, vaginal smear, plasma sex hormone levels and ultrasonographic diagnosis system (US) have been investigated in combination, but a standard technique has not yet been established. Therefore, we investigated a method of predicting canine ovulation in dogs by US, and by measuring plasma LH and progesterone (P) levels three times a day. Ovulation could be observed by detecting irregularly shaped ovarian follicles by US in six of 11 dogs (54.5%). In these dogs, the time between the LH peak and ovulation was 24-48 hr, 38.0 hr on average. The P level on the ovulation day was 1.88-2.81 ng/ml, 2.34 ng/ml on average. A value of 1.88 ng/ml was detected in one dog, but the other five dogs showed P levels of 2 ng/ml or higher. The P level on the day before ovulation was 0.8-1.56 ng/ml, 1.12 ng/ml on average. Assuming that ovulation occurred two days after the LH peak in the 11 experimental dogs, the P level was 2.12-4.06 ng/ml, 2.78 ng/ml on average. The period of a high LH level, not less than 10 ng/ml, continued for 12 hr around the LH peak. Based on these findings, to predict ovulation using US and LH level, it would be necessary for the tests to be performed several times a day. In contrast, it was shown that the day on which a plasma P level of 2 ng/ml or higher was detected by the test performed once a day corresponded to the ovulation day.
A solution to the problem of parallel programming. (2018)

The problem of parallel programming is the most important open problem of computer engineering. We show that object-oriented languages, such as C++, can be interpreted as parallel programming languages, and standard sequential programs can be parallelized automatically. Parallel C++ code is typically more than ten times shorter than the equivalent C++ code with MPI. The large reduction in the number of lines of code in parallel C++ is primarily due to the fact that communications instructions, including packing and unpacking of messages, are automatically generated in the implementation of object operations. We believe that implementation and standardization of parallel object-oriented languages will drastically reduce the cost of parallel programming. This work provides the foundation for building a new computer architecture, the multiprocessor computer, including an object-oriented operating system and more energy-efficient, and easily programmable, parallel hardware architecture. The key software component of this architecture is a compiler for object-oriented languages. We describe a novel compiler architecture with a dedicated back end for the interconnect fabric, making the network a part of a multiprocessor computer, rather than a collection of pipes between processor nodes. Such a compiler exposes the network hardware features to the application, analyzes its network utilization, optimizes the application as a whole, and generates the code for the interconnect fabric and for the processors. Since the information technology sector's electric power consumption is very high, and rising rapidly, implementation and widespread adoption of multiprocessor computer architecture will significantly reduce the world's energy consumption.
ADSL: a new twisted-pair access to the information highway (1995)

The asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) takes advantage of the existing twisted-pair copper loop that currently provides customer access to the telephone network. An ADSL modem is placed at each end of the loop to create a high speed access link above the existing telephone service. Since ADSL makes use of the existing copper telephone line, its application in the telephone network can conceivably be nearly as ubiquitous as the public telephone network itself. With ADSL, it is possible to connect small numbers of customers to broadband services in areas where full upgrade to hybrid fiber coaxial or fiber facilities is not economical in the near term. ADSL systems offer a means to introduce broadband services using the embedded base of metallic loops in areas where optic fiber-based, hybrid fiber-coaxial radio systems or other broadband transport systems may not be scheduled for deployment in time to meet business needs and customer demand. The article concentrates on ADSL systems capable of at least a nominal 6 Mb/s payload transport toward the customer, in addition to associated upstream channels and symmetrical "telephony" services via nonloaded loops that comply with carrier serving area design guidelines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic structure of the frustratedS=12chain magnet LiCu2O2doped with nonmagnetic Zn (2013)

We present the results of magnetization, electron spin resonance (ESR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on single-crystal samples of the frustrated $S=1/2$ chain cuprate LiCu${}_{2}$O${}_{2}$ doped with nonmagnetic Zn${}^{2+}$. As shown by the x-ray techniques, the crystals of Li(Cu${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Zn${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$O${}_{2}$ with $x&lt;0.12$ are single-phase, whereas for higher Zn concentrations the samples were polyphase. ESR spectra for all monophase samples ($0\ensuremath{\le}x&lt;0.12$) can be explained within the model of a planar spin structure with a uniaxial type anisotropy. The NMR spectra of the highly doped single-crystal sample Li(Cu${}_{0.9}$Zn${}_{0.1}$)${}_{2}$O${}_{2}$ can be described in the frame of a planar spin-glass-like magnetic structure with short-range spiral correlations in the crystal $ab$ planes with strongest exchange bonds. The value of magnetic moments of Cu${}^{2+}$ ions in this structure is close to the value obtained for undoped crystals: (0.8 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.1) ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$.
미완성의 연극성 -베케트 연극의 시학적 연구- (2004)

시학적 관점에서 살펴볼 때 베케트연극의 대표적 특징은 결론의 부재에서 발견된다. 무한정성을 지향하는 이같은 언어적 특수성은 스토리적 결말 뿐 아니라 많은 문장적 구성에서도 볼 수 있는데 안정적인 대화의 진행보다 우발적인 언어의 자율성에서의 선호를 통해 베케트는 쉬운 단어적 이해를 방해하고 논리적 공식을 깨뜨린다. ≪ La maladie de vouloir savoir ce qu`il faut accomplir et la maladie de voluloir e＾tre capable de l`accomplir ≫, ( 무엇을 완성시켜야 하는 지를 알길 원하는 병, 그것을 완성시킬 수 있기를 원하는 병 ) ( Trois Dialogue, 16 ) 이란 베케트의 비판적 지적이 시사하듯, 많은 베케트 연구자들이 언급한 논리적 허술함과 오류는 사실 불균형마저도 두려워하지 않는 작가의 자유로운 언어적 주체성을 의미하며 이는 정해진 틀과 강제적 규정에 대한 반항정신을 내포한다. 문체론에 있어 단어나 문장의 부분적 생략, 침묵, 삭제, 반어법, 모순법 등이 은폐된 의미를 찾는 부차적이고 도구적 형식으로 간주되는데 반해 베케트의 시학은 의미적 모호성과 불가분의 관계를 맺고 있는 이 특이한 언어형태들의 적극적인 활용을 통해 논리적 도식의 권위에 의해 억압되었던 언어적 흐름을 유출시키고 언어에 신체성과 독창성을 부여한다. 명확한 결론의 부재는 공간적, 인물적, 시간적 설정에서도 발견된다. 베케트의 세계에서 확실한 정체성이란 존재하지 않는다. 주인공들은 서로간의 끊임없는 확인을 시도하지만 그럼에도 지속적인 사회적, 시간적, 공간적 혼란상황에 놓이게 된다. ≪ 내 글에서 가장 중요한 표현은 “아마도 peut-e＾tre” 이다 ≫ 라고 작가 스스로가 밝혔듯이 베케트의 많은 문장은 부정과 긍정사이에 위치하며 양극간의 갈등과 혼란을 통해 끊임없는 긴장과 에너지를 생성한다. 베케트의 연극에 있어 미결정성은 타자성과 직결된다. ≪ 모든 거짓된 것은 다른 개념들과 구별되는 분명한 개념으로 귀착된다. ≪ (…) tout ce qui est faux se laisse davantage re´duire, en notion claires et distinctes de toutes les notions ≫ (Molloy, 110) 는 베케트의 지적처럼 궁극적인 결론을 거부하는 모호성의 시학은 타자성, 미지성을 지향하는 그의 예술적 지향성을 잘 보여준다. 베케트에 있어 글쓰기란 자유와 타자성의 추구이며 따라서 선험적 범주와 개념에 텍스트를 끼워 맞추려는 수사학적 의도에 그는 등을 돌린다. 즉 베케트가 보여주는 미완성의 시학은 문체적 실험이라기 보다는 미지적 리듬구상이라 보는 것이 옳을 것이다. 이는 단어, 명확성에 의거하는 대부분의 해석학적 시도에도 불구하고 함락되지 않는 미지성을 그의 연극이 내포하고 있음을 강력히 시사하는 것이고 의미를 이해한다는 것이 과연 예술작품의 감상에 있어 가장 중요한 것인지에 대해 의문을 던지게 한다. 타자성 앞에서 인간의 본능은 그 타자성을 무너뜨리고 공통점을 찾고자 하는 노력으로 귀착된다. 이는 미지에 대한 우리의 존재론적, 심리학적 두려움을 나타내는 것으로 새로운 문학 텍스트를 마주했을 때 역시 우리는 동굴의 우상적인 코드를 이에 입력, 적용하고 싶어한다. 그러나 예술과 문학의 가치는 그것이 전하고자 하는 메시지의 내용에 의거하기 보다는 어떻게 표현하였는가 하는 그 방식적 창조성, 무한성, 미지성의 정도에 근거한다. 그리고 바로 이 점에 있어 의미는 결론으로부터 이해하는 것이 아니라 과정으로부터 경험하는 것임을 보여준 베케트의 연극의 시학적 의미는 각별하다.
Acetalation of sucrose by acetal exchange with concomitant fission of the glycosidic bond. Some new acetals ofD-glucose and methyl α-D-fructofuranoside (1981)

Prolonged reaction of sucrose with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in NN-dimethylformamide in the presence of toluene-p-sulphonic acid (0.3% w/v) afforded, after acetylation, methyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-1,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-fructofuranoside together with four acetals of D-glucose, namely, (1S)-1-methoxy-1,2:3,4:5,6-tri-O-isopropylidene-D-glucitol, 3-O-acetyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose, 3-O-acetyl-1,2:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucopyranose, and 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-4,6-O-isopropylidene-αβ-D-glucopyranose. the mechanism of formation of these compounds is discussed. Several derivatives of methyl α- and β-D-fructofuranosides have been prepared from methyl 1,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-fructofuranoside.