gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Preferential Vaporization on Lean Blowout in a Referee Combustor at Figure of Merit Conditions (2018)

As alternative jet fuels continue to be developed, their impact on combustor performance remains of utmost importance. Alternative jet fuels generally contain few aromatics and differ in alkylated compositions, yielding different chemical and physical properties from those of conventional jet fuels; understanding how these property differences impact combustor performance near limiting conditions is important in certifying their use in blending with petroleum derived fuels or as complete substitutes. Ignition and extinction properties that are associated with Lean Blowout (LBO) are areas of focus for jet fuel certification as they are important safety metrics bounding combustor stability. Previous results for 23 different test fuels in a referee combustor show a strong correlation of Lean Blowout (LBO) with fuel Derived Cetane Number (DCN). This previous study involved fuels with compositions similar to conventional fuels. However, fuels with properties differing significantly from conventional fuels were found to have a weaker correlation with DCN and higher LBO equivalence ratios overall. The surrogate fuels and blends that show the largest discrepancy from the earlier correlation were blends involving highly volatile, low DCN components such as iso-octane prevalent in the early stages of distillation, and less volatile, high DCN normal alkane components such as n-hexadecane, prevalent in the final stages of distillation. Thus, significant differences in fuel reactivity along the distillation curve from those of conventional petroleum derived fuels appeared to exhibit differing LBO character. From these observations, three hypotheses, preferential vaporization, relative droplet lifetimes, and thermal quenching, are proposed and investigated by utilizing the available data. Using normalized power law regressions, distillation simulation methods and Quantitative Structure Property Relation (QSPR) results, the DCN at 34% distillation recovery show a stronger correlation with LBO than the DCN determine for the fuel itself. In this paper, we apply findings to propose fuel compositions to investigate the noted hypotheses by utilizing reactive low molecular weight molecules and a less reactive high molecular weight fuel. The suggested fuel to stress test this hypothesis is a blend of 30 (molar)% n-heptane and 70 (molar)% Gevo Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), which is essentially composed of (primarily) 2,2,4,6,6 iso-dodecane and isocetane. If preferential vaporization is significant, then this fuel should be more stable than the “DCN-Law,” i.e. fuels are no more stable than the corresponding DCN allows, would predict.
The Effect of Serum Origin on Tissue Engineered Skeletal Muscle Function (2014)

Skeletal muscle phenotype is regulated by a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and electrical inputs. However, because of the interrelatedness of these factors in vivo it is difficult to determine the importance of one over the other. Over the last 5 years, we have engineered skeletal muscles in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) using the same clone of C2C12 cells. Strikingly, the dynamics of contraction of the muscles was dramatically different. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the hormonal milieu (source of fetal bovine serum (FBS)) could alter engineered muscle phenotype. In muscles engineered in serum of US origin time-to-peak tension (2.2-fold), half relaxation (2.6-fold), and fatigue resistance (improved 25%) all showed indications of a shift towards a slower phenotype. Even though there was a dramatic shift in the rate of contraction, myosin heavy chain expression was the same. The contraction speed was instead related to a shift in calcium release/sensitivity proteins (DHPR = 3.1-fold lower, slow CSQ = 3.4-fold higher, and slow TnT = 2.4-fold higher) and calcium uptake proteins (slow SERCA = 1.7-fold higher and parvalbumin = 41-fold lower). These shifts in calcium dynamics were accompanied by a partial shift in metabolic enzymes, but could not be explained by purported regulators of muscle phenotype. These data suggest that hormonal differences in serum of USDA and EU origin cause a shift in calcium handling resulting in a dramatic change in engineered muscle function.
The Arabidopsis Profilin Gene Family (Evidence for an Ancient Split between Constitutive and Pollen-Specific Profilin Genes) (1996)

Profilin is a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein that regulates the actin cytoskeleton and recently has been identified as a potent allergen in pollen. We examined the profilin gene family in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and found that it contained approximately 8 to 10 members. Four distinct profilin sequences, three cDNAs, PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3, and two genomic clones, PRF1 and PRF4, were isolated and characterized. These genes encoded four distinct profilin isoforms of 131 to 134 amino acids. Northern and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that Arabidopsis PRF1 was expressed in all major plant organs, whereas PRF4 was specifically expressed in mature pollen. Gene trees constructed from amino acid sequence data revealed the presence of two ancient, distinct profilin gene classes in plants. PRF4 was in a class with previously identified pollen-specific profilins from monocot and dicot species. PRF1, PRF2, PRF3, and a distant dicot sequence formed a separate novel class, suggesting an ancient separation of plant profilins based on regulation and perhaps function. The coevolution of plant actin and profilin classes with similar patterns of expression is discussed. The similarity of plant, fungal, protist, insect, and nematode profilins and their extreme divergence from the vertebrate profilins has striking implications for the evolution of fungal-spore- and plant-pollen-profilins as allergens.
Dapagliflozin, a Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Normal and Diabetic Rats (2008)

These data suggest that dapagliflozin has the potential to be an efficacious treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Identification of Novel Inhibitors of Urokinase via NMR-Based Screening (2000)

Using an NMR-based screen, a novel class of urokinase inhibitors were identified that contain a 2-aminobenzimidazole moiety. The inhibitory potency of this family of inhibitors is similar to that of inhibitors containing a guanidine or amidine group. However, unlike previously described guanidino- or amidino-based inhibitors which have pK(a) values greater than 9.0, urokinase inhibitors containing a 2-aminobenzimidazole have pK(a) values of 7.5. Thus, 2-aminobenzimidazoles may have improved pharmacokinetic properties which could increase the bioavailability of inhibitors which contain this moiety. A crystal structure of one of the lead inhibitors, 2-amino-5-hydroxybenzimidazole, complexed with urokinase reveals the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that stabilize complex formation and suggests nearby subsites that may be accessed to increase the potency of this new series of urokinase inhibitors.
Design of Optimal Broadband Microstrip Antenna Elements in the Array Environment using Genetic Algorithms (2006)

In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) design methodology is presented for the synthesis of broadband or multiband microstrip stacked-patch antenna arrays. The geometric and electric properties of a single element in an infinite array environment are optimized so that the mutual coupling between the array elements can be properly accounted for. A full-wave periodic finite element-boundary integral (PFE-BI) method is combined with a robust parallel GA for the purpose of optimizing microstrip antenna elements with complex geometries and inhomogeneous dielectric materials in the array environment. An example is presented for a stacked-patch antenna element optimized in the array environment that achieves a 35% bandwidth
Iterative Reconstruction of the Electron Density and Effective Atomic\n Number using a Non-Linear Forward Model (2022)

For material identification, characterization, and quantification, it is\nuseful to estimate system-independent material properties that do not depend on\nthe detailed specifications of the X-ray computed tomography (CT) system such\nas spectral response. System independent rho-e and Z-e (SIRZ) refers to a suite\nof methods for estimating the system independent material properties of\nelectron density, rho-e, and effective atomic number, Z-e, of an object scanned\nusing dual-energy X-ray CT (DECT). The current state-of-the-art approach,\nSIRZ-2, makes certain approximations that lead to inaccurate estimates for\nlarge atomic numbered (Z-e) materials. In this paper, we present an extension,\nSIRZ-3, which iteratively reconstructs the unknown rho-e and Z-e while avoiding\nthe limiting approximations made by SIRZ-2. Unlike SIRZ-2, this allows SIRZ-3\nto accurately reconstruct rho-e and Z-e even at large values of Z-e. SIRZ-3\nrelies on the use of a new non-linear differentiable forward measurement model\nthat expresses the DECT measurement data as a direct analytical function of\nrho-e and Z-e. Leveraging this new forward model, we use an iterative\noptimization algorithm to reconstruct (or solve for) rho-e and Z-e directly\nfrom the DECT data. Compared to SIRZ-2, we show that the magnitude of\nperformance improvement using SIRZ-3 increases with increasing values for Z-e.\n
Using Multiple Contexts to Detect and Form Opportunistic Groups (2015)

We present a new technique that allows mobile devices to opportunistically group with one another, thus improving their ability to facilitate one-time or spontaneous exchanges of information. In our approach, devices share context with each other, and form groups when these readings are found to be similar to one another. Through a formative study, we examine the limitations of using a single type of context to form groups, and show how leveraging multiple contexts improves our ability to detect and form relevant groupings. We then present DIDJA, a robust software toolkit that automatically collects and analyzes contextual information in order to find and form groups. Through two prototypes, we demonstrate how DIDJA enhances existing user experiences, and show how developers can use our toolkit to easily facilitate frictionless collaborations between users and their environment. We then perform an extended experiment and show how DIDJA is able to accurately form groups under realistic conditions.
Intelligent Interactive Displays in Vehicles with Intent Prediction: A Bayesian framework (2017)

Using an in-vehicle interactive display, such as a touch screen, typically entails undertaking a freehand pointing gesture and dedicating a considerable amount of attention, that can be otherwise available for driving, with potential safety implications. Due to road and driving conditions, the user's input can also be subject to high levels of perturbations resulting in erroneous selections. In this article, we give an overview of the novel concept of an intelligent predictive display in vehicles. It can infer, notably early in the pointing task and with high confidence, the item the user intends to select on the display from the tracked freehand pointing gesture and possibly other available sensory data. Accordingly, it simplifies and expedites the target acquisition (pointing and selection), thereby substantially reducing the time and effort required to interact with an in-vehicle display. As well as briefly addressing the various signal processing and human factor challenges posed by predictive displays in the automotive environment, the fundamental problem of intent inference is discussed, and a Bayesian formulation is introduced. Empirical evidence from data collected in instrumented cars is shown to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of this solution.
Silicon nitride stop layer in back-end-of-line planarization for wafer bonding application (2014)

We introduce an approach that combines a 3” InP-DHBT transferred-substrate process with a SiGe-BiCMOS process. First, silicon and InP wafers are processed separately in different fabs. The silicon wafer runs through the complete 0.25 μm BiCMOS production process with five metal layers aluminum/tungsten back-end-of-line using silicon dioxide as dielectric. The processing was adapted for the following wafer bond process by planarization of the topmost metal level. This process flow was improved by using a SiN CMP stop layer on top of the metal layer stack, comparable to trench fill planarization. In that way a low surface topography was reached, this guarantees proper bonding results. Different mm-wave circuits operating at frequencies up to 246 GHz were produced to demonstrate the capability of the process flow.
Biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury (2010)

Of the estimated 10,000 documented human drugs, more than 1000 have been associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI), although causality has not always been established clearly. Numerous biomarkers for DILI have been explored, but less than ten are adopted or qualified as valid by the US FDA. The biomarkers for DILI are individual or a panel of proteins, nucleic acids or metabolites from various sources, such as the liver, blood and urine. While most DILI biomarkers are drug independent, some possibly 'drug-specific' DILIs have been explored, but specificity and sensitivity of both types need to be improved for the diagnosis of DILI during drug development and in clinical practice. Novel approaches for DILI biomarkers have been actively investigated recently, but produced mainly animal-based biomarkers, which are possibly useful for drug development, but are not suitable or have not been validated for clinical applications. This review summarizes the current practice and future perspectives for DILI biomarkers.
The Disordered Amino-Terminus of SIMPL Interacts with Members of the 70-kDa Heat-Shock Protein Family (2006)

The p65 coactivator SIMPL is a small protein that lacks any conserved domains of known function. To better understand regulation of SIMPL activity, we sought to identify novel SIMPL interacting proteins using mass spectrometry analysis of SIMPL containing complexes. Two members of the 70-kDa heat-shock protein family, Hsp70 and Hsc70, were identified as SIMPL binding proteins. Subsequent immunocomplexing assays confirmed this interaction and demonstrated that the amino-terminus of SIMPL is required for this interaction. Using a combination of amino acid composition analysis, PONDR VL-XT prediction, charge-hydropathy plots, and cumulative distribution functions, the amino-terminal region of both mouse and human SIMPL proteins was predicted to be intrinsically disordered. These data, taken together, suggest that Hsp70/Hsc70 bind the intrinsically disordered amino-terminal region of SIMPL to stabilize the protein and thereby regulate its activity. Understanding the regulation of SIMPL through its interaction with Hsp70/Hsc70 may serve as a novel means of modulating tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling.
HLA-Universal Platelet Transfusions Prevent Platelet Refractoriness in a Mouse Model (2013)

Refractoriness to platelet (PLT) transfusion caused by alloimmunization against HLA class I antigens constitutes a significant clinical problem. Thus, it would be desirable to have PLT units lacking HLA antigens on the cell surface. Previously, we showed that the generation of functional HLA class I-silenced (HLA-universal) PLTs from CD34(+) cells, using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target β2-microglobulin (β2m) transcripts, is feasible. Here, we assessed the capacity of HLA-silenced PLTs to escape HLA antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Generation of megakaryocytes (MKs) and PLTs was performed by thrombopoietin-mediated differentiation of HLA-silenced CD34(+) cells within 10 days. Lymphocytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reporter assays using anti-HLA antibodies and a mouse model for PLT refractoriness were used to assess the immune-evasion capability of HLA-universal MKs and PLTs. To mimic PLT refractoriness in vivo, NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγc(-/-) mice were injected with specific anti-HLA antibodies followed by the infusion of 1 × 10(6) HLA-universal MKs. In vivo PLT generation was evaluated by flow cytometry using anti-CD42a and CD61 antibodies. Cells expressing a nonspecific shRNA were used as control. Lymphocytotoxicity and ADCC reporter assays showed that HLA silencing protects MKs against HLA antibody-mediated complement-dependent and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In lymphocytotoxicity assays, 80-90% of HLA-expressing MKs but only 3% of HLA-silenced MKs were lysed. In the circulation of mice, HLA-expressing and HLA-silenced MKs showed PLT production in the absence of anti-HLA antibodies, with human PLT frequencies of up to 0.5% within the PLT population. However, in presence of anti-HLA antibodies HLA-expressing MKs were rapidly cleared from the circulation of mice, whereas HLA-silenced MKs escaped HLA antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and produced PLTs that were detectable up to 11 days. Our data show that HLA-silenced PLTs are efficiently protected against HLA antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and prevent PLT refractoriness in vivo. Provision of HLA-silenced PLTs may become an important component in the management of patients refractory to PLT transfusion.
Supplementary Table 2 from Trastuzumab Has Preferential Activity against Breast Cancers Driven by HER2 Homodimers (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Trastuzumab Has Preferential Activity against Breast Cancers Driven by HER2 Homodimers
Au@Prussian Blue Hybrid Nanomaterial Synergy with a Chemotherapeutic Drug for Tumor Diagnosis and Chemodynamic Therapy (2019)

Recently, the chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been widely reported and applied to tumor therapy. However, only low level hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH) generated by the endogenous hydrogen peroxide alone are insufficient to kill the cancer cells. To overcome the insufficient therapeutic effect, this study reports a novel CDT based on Fenton catalyst Au@Prussian blue nanocubes (Au@PB NCs), subsequently encapsulated with doxorubicin (Dox). The in vitro and in vivo results indicate that the Dox-Au@PB NCs can take synergistic effects on tumor suppressor by CDT. In addition, Au@PB NCs possess high X-ray computed tomography contrast enhanced efficiency about ∼27.13 HU·mL·mg<sup>-1</sup>. This study highlights a great potential of the Dox-Au@PB NCs for tumor diagnosis and CDT.
An omni-directional, ultrasonic acoustical source for three-dimensional position monitoring in air (1989)

An acoustically based means of tracking the position of the end effector of a moving industrial robot arm has been proposed. The system consists of an omni-directional acoustical source fixed to the robot arm, and several stationary sensors positioned throughout the robot's workspace. Based upon the time-of-flight of a 500-kHz signal traveling from the source to each sensor, the position of the end effector can be determined. This scheme is potentially an effective, yet economical alternative to the more complex optical tracking systems currently in use. The acoustical source incorporates an exponentially tapered solid Webster's horn that is driven in resonance by a commercial piezoelectric transducer mounted on its wide end. A high-amplitude vibration is produced at the narrow end of the horn, where the resulting sound field can be described by the piston equations. The pressure and omni-directional characteristics of the acoustical field produced are enhanced beyond those that could be generated by a simple flat piezoelectric source alone. Results obtained with this source confirm the feasibility of using ultrasound in air as a means of accurately determining positions in three dimensions. [Work supported by General Motors Research Laboratories.]
Endothelial dysfunction in hypopituitary adults with growth hormone deficiency (1999)

Endothelial dysfunction is present in GH deficient adults prior to the onset of overt atherosclerotic disease. The similar glucose yet elevated fasting insulin levels imply a state of relative insulin insensitivity. The strong inverse correlation between endothelial dysfunction and LDL-cholesterol suggests a possible aetiological role for LDL-cholesterol in the pathogenesis of any excess cardiovascular risk associated with adult hypopituitarism.
Steady state kinetic parameters for the thrombin-catalyzed conversion of human fibrinogen to fibrin. (1983)

Steady state kinetic parameters were evaluated for the hydrolytic release of fibrinopeptides A and B (FPA and FPB) from human fibrinogen by human thrombin at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, and gamma/2 0.15. At low concentrations of fibrinogen (less than 0.4 microM), the release of FPA from A alpha-chains was first order with respect to both the concentration of fibrinogen A alpha-chains and thrombin. The second order rate constant yielded a value of 11.6 (+/- 0.3) X 10(6) M-1 S-1 for the specificity constant (kcat/Km) for this process. Values of 84 (+/- 4) S-1 and 7.2 (+/- 0.9) microM were evaluated for kcat and Km for the thrombin-catalyzed release of FPA from normal human fibrinogen. The amino acid replacement ArgA alpha 16 leads to His present in fibrinogen Petoskey was shown to result in a 160-fold decrease in the specificity constant for hydrolysis at A alpha 16 and concomitant release of FPA. A kinetic analysis for determination of the sequentiality of release of fibrinopeptides was presented. It indicated that at least 97% of FPB was released after FPA. The specificity constant for release of FPB from intact fibrinogen (if it occurs) was less than 3% of that for release of FPA and less than 10% of that for release of FPB from des-A fibrinogen. The specificity constant for the release of FPB from des-A fibrinogen was 4.2 (+/- 0.2) X 10(6) M-1 S-1. The polymerization inhibitors EDTA and Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro inhibited release of FPB but not FPA. These observations are consistent with the generally accepted view that the predominant pathway for the conversion of normal human fibrinogen to fibrin is one wherein FPA is released, des-A fibrinogen polymerizes, and then FPB is released.
A Novel Hybrid Islanding Detection Method for Grid-Connected Microgrids With Multiple Inverter-Based Distributed Generators Based on Adaptive Reactive Power Disturbance and Passive Criteria (2018)

In order to obtain the benefits of both passive and active methods, a well-designed hybrid islanding detection method for grid-connected microgrids with multiple inverter-based distributed generators (IBDGs) is presented in this paper. Considering that IBDGs located at different positions can detect the same frequency variation (FV) characteristics, linear reactive power disturbance (RPD) is utilized, which can guarantee the synchronization of RPDs added on different IBDGs in the microgrid without the need for communication. In addition, the disturbance slope can change adaptively to reduce the disturbance in grid-connected mode and enlarge the reactive power mismatch during islanding for effective and rapid detection. Setting principles of slope values for IBDGs operating at the unity power factor and those generating active and reactive power simultaneously are analyzed in detail. Considering different conditions that may occur after islanding, three passive criteria, including voltage variation, voltage unbalance, and rate of change of frequency, are sufficiently utilized to activate disturbance slope adjustment, further shortening the detection time. Moreover, the correlation factor between the RPD and FV is also designed as another frequency-related criterion, and the slope adjustment logic is provided. This method is simple and easy to implement with excellent performance regardless of the IBDG power factor, parallel number, and connection mode. According to the anti-islanding test system recommended by IEEE Std.929-2000 and IEEE Std.1547-2003, the method effectiveness has been validated with several test cases in the power systems computer-aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients including DC (EMTDC) environment.