gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role and impact of the extracellular matrix on integrin‐mediated pancreatic β‐cell functions (2017)

Understanding the organisation and role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in islets of Langerhans is critical for maintaining pancreatic β-cells, and to recognise and revert the physiopathology of diabetes. Indeed, integrin-mediated adhesion signalling in response to the pancreatic ECM plays crucial roles in β-cell survival and insulin secretion, two major functions, which are affected in diabetes. Here, we would like to present an update on the major components of the pancreatic ECM, their role during integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and how they are affected during diabetes. To treat diabetes, a promising approach consists in replacing β-cells by transplantation. However, efficiency is low, because β-cells suffer of anoikis, due to enzymatic digestion of the pancreatic ECM, which affects the survival of insulin-secreting β-cells. The strategy of adding ECM components during transplantation, to reproduce the pancreatic microenvironment, is a challenging task, as many of the regulatory mechanisms that control ECM deposition and turnover are not sufficiently understood. A better comprehension of the impact of the ECM on the adhesion and integrin-dependent signalling in β-cells is primordial to improve the healthy state of islets to prevent the onset of diabetes as well as for enhancing the efficiency of the islet transplantation therapy.
Surface Modification of Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles by Azo Radical Initiators (2008)

The surface of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles was modified with three types of azo radical initiators: 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride (AMPA), and 2,2′-azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine)n-hydrate (ACMPA). The radical species generated from the azo initiators successfully reacted with the unsaturated hydrocarbons on the surface of SiC nanoparticles. Consequently, the hydrophobic SiC surface became hydrophilic, and the dispersion stability of SiC nanoparticles in aqueous solution improved significantly. Further, it was found that the stability of SiC nanoparticles in aqueous solution under various pH values could be controlled by the structure of the azo radical initiators. When SiC nanoparticles reacted with AIBN and were further hydrolyzed by NaOH aqueous solution, since carboxyl groups were introduced on their surface, their stability improved at pH ≥5. Contrarily, when SiC nanoparticles were modified with AMPA, amine groups were formed on the SiC surface so that SiC nanoparticles were stabilized at pH ≤3. When SiC nanoparticles were modified by ACMPA, which consists of both amine groups and carboxyl groups, the modified SiC nanoparticles possessed amphoteric properties; the SiC nanoparticles were stabilized at pH 3 and 11. It was deduced that modifying SiC nanoparticles with azo radical initiators is a significant method for tuning the surface properties of SiC nanoparticles.
Optimal grouping algorithm for a group decision feedback detector in synchronous CDMA communications (2003)

The group decision feedback (GDF) detector is studied in this letter. Given the maximum group size, a grouping algorithm is proposed. It is shown that the proposed grouping algorithm maximizes the symmetric energy of the multiuser detection system. Furthermore, based on a set of lower bounds on asymptotic group effective energy (AGEE) of the GDF detector, it is shown that the proposed grouping algorithm, in fact, maximizes the AGEE lower bound for every group of users. The theoretical analysis of the grouping algorithm enables the offline estimation of the computational cost and the performance of a GDF detector. The computational complexity of a GDF detector is exponential in the largest size of the groups. Simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical conclusions. The results from this letter can be applied to the decision feedback detector by setting the maximum group size to one.
A positron-emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) platform to track in vivo small extracellular vesicles (2019)

Here we report a two-step surface modification methodology to radiolabel small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) with 64CuCl2 for PET/MRI imaging. The modification did not change or damage the morphology, surface receptor proteins and internal RNA content. Radiolabeled SEVs could be detected in organs with low accumulation such as the brain (0.4-0.5% ID g-1) and their brain location determined by MRI.
Interaction of multiple atmospheric-pressure micro-plasma jets in small arrays: He/O2into humid air (2014)

Arrays of atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are being considered as a means to increase the area being treated in surface modification and in plasma medicine in particular. A unique challenge of scaling plasma jet arrays is that individual plasma jets in an array tend to interact with each other, which can lead to quenching of some individual jets. To investigate these potential interactions, a computational study of one-, two- and three-tube arrays of micro-plasma jet arrays was performed. An atmospheric-pressure He/O2 = 99.8/0.2 mixture was flowed through the tubes into humid room air. We found that the jets interact through electrostatic, hydrodynamic and photolytic means. The hydrodynamic interactions result from the merging of individual He channels emerging from individual tubes as air diffuses into the extended gas jets. Ionization waves (IWs) or plasma bullets, which form the jets on the boundaries of an array, encounter higher mole fractions of air earlier compared with the center jet and so are slower or are quenched earlier. The close proximity of the jets produces electrostatic repulsion, which affects the trajectories of the IWs. If the jets are close enough, photoionizing radiation from their neighbors is an additional form of interaction. These interactions are sensitive to the spacing of the jets.
Importance of ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Kidney Cells (2023)

In late 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China and spread rapidly around the world, causing an ongoing pandemic of global concern. COVID-19 proceeds with moderate symptoms in most patients, whereas others experience serious respiratory illness that requires intensive care treatment and may end in death. The severity of COVID-19 is linked to several risk factors including male sex, comorbidities, and advanced age. Apart from respiratory complications, further impairments by COVID-19 affecting other tissues of the human body are observed. In this respect, the human kidney is one of the most frequently affected extrapulmonary organs and acute kidney injury (AKI) is known as a direct or indirect complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this work was to investigate the importance of the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for a possible cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human kidney cells. First, the expression of the cellular receptor ACE2 was demonstrated to be decisive for viral SARS-CoV-2 cell entry in human AB8 podocytes, whereas the presence of the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) was dispensable. Moreover, the ACE2 protein amount was well detectable by mass spectrometry analysis in human kidneys, while TMPRSS2 could be detected only in a few samples. Additionally, a negative correlation of the ACE2 protein abundance to male sex and elderly aged females in human kidney tissues was demonstrated in this work. Last, the possibility of a direct infection of kidney tubular renal structures by SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated.
Effect of Adding Exogenous Oxidative Enzymes on the Activity of Three Endogenous Oxidoreductases During Mixing of Wheat Flour Dough (1999)

ABSTRACT The behavior of different exogenous enzymes (soybean lipoxygenase [SLOX], horseradish peroxidase [HPOD], catalase from bovine liver [BCAT], and glucose oxidase [GOX] from Aspergillus niger ) added to dough was studied during mixing. The effect of adding these exogenous oxidoreductases on the activity of three oxidative enzymes present in wheat flour (lipoxygenase [WLOX], peroxidase [WPOD], and catalase [WCAT]) was examined. Proper assay conditions were established to differentiate between added WLOX, WPOD, and WCAT and the corresponding activities present in wheat flour. For doughs with added SLOX, an immediate loss of extractable SLOX (≈40%) was observed which remained constant during further mixing. When compared with the control dough, addition of SLOX decreased the losses in WLOX and WCAT activities, whereas WPOD activity was unaffected. With doughs supplemented by HPOD, an immediate loss of 20% in the HPOD activity was observed which did not change after 20 min of mixing. Compared with control dough, addition of HPOD did not affect the behavior of WLOX and WPOD, whereas a slight decrease in the WCAT losses was observed. Addition of BCAT to the dough did not change the behavior of WLOX and WPOD, whereas the losses in WCAT were less rapid. Half of the extractable activity of BCAT was lost at the beginning of mixing with no change during further mixing. For doughs supplemented with GOX, 25% of the GOX activity was lost in the first 5 min of mixing and an additional loss of 20% was observed after 20 min of mixing. Compared with dough without GOX, addition of GOX decreased the losses in WLOX, whereas losses in WCAT and WPOD increased. Glucose and ferulic acid were also added to doughs supplemented with GOX. Added glucose decreased the losses in GOX and WLOX and did not change the behavior of WPOD and WCAT during mixing. Addition of ferulic acid promoted a slight increase of the losses in WLOX and WCAT and almost no change for GOX and WPOD.
Effect of nature protection and management of grassland on biodiversity – Case from big flooded river valley (NE Poland) (2023)

Agriculturally used meadows are habitats whose biodiversity depends on anthropogenic disturbances such as fertilization or mowing. Intensified agricultural practices (too frequent mowing, use of mineral fertilizers and insecticides) lead to declines in the abundance and species diversity of the biota inhabiting them. The intensification of agricultural production in north-eastern Poland relates primarily to the increase in cattle numbers and the intensification of grassland management, but many areas were included in Natura 2000 network. Our study was aimed at indicating the impact of diverse use of meadows on the species richness and diversity of invertebrates, amphibians, and birds in the grasslands of Narew river valley, Special Bird Protection Area, where the intensification of grassland use was noted in the last decades, and part of the meadows was included in the agri-environmental program. The agri-environmental program is a very good tool for the protection of grassland biotic diversity. The highest taxonomic richness and diversity of the studied animal groups were found in meadows included in these programs with extensive use, while the lowest was in the over- and intensively used meadows fertilized with mineral fertilizers and liquid manure. Only the meadows in the agri-environment program were inhabited by the fire-bellied toad and the tree frog - amphibians from Annex IV of the Habitats Directive. The number of breeding bird species globally threatened (IUCN Red List), listed in Annex I of the EU Birds Directive, and with negative population trend in Europe (SPEC1-3) was highest in meadows included in EU conservation programs. The main factors reducing biotic diversity in the grassland of flooded river valley were the high number of grassland mowing per season, intensive fertilization, especially with liquid manure, the great distance of meadows to the river, low soil humidity, and low share of shrubs and trees in the meadows border zone.
Inhibitory effect of progesterone on inflammatory factors after experimental traumatic brain injury. (2007)

Progesterone inhibits the inflammatory response after experimental traumatic brain injury and mitigates the severity of brain damage.
Zwitterionic Si‐C‐Si‐P and Si‐P‐Si‐P Four‐Membered Rings with Two‐Coordinate Phosphorus Atoms (2011)

It's hip to be square: The reaction of amidinato chlorosilylene (PhC(NtBu)2SiCl) with adamantyl phosphaalkyne and white phosphorus affords the formation of Si-C-Si-P and Si-P-Si-P (see picture) four-membered rings. Both compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray studies and by solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations elucidated the bonding situation.
Interference-aware resource management techniques for cognitive radio networks (2011)

The objective of the proposed research is to develop interference-aware resource&#13;\nmanagement techniques for CR networks that opportunistically operate within&#13;\nthe licensed primary networks spectrum and to investigate the application of such CR&#13;\ntechniques to emerging wireless networks.&#13;\nIn this thesis, we report on a set of laboratory experiments that we undertook&#13;\nto analyze the interference between the CR-based wireless regional-area network&#13;\n(WRAN) standard and the digital television (DTV) broadcasting system. We determined&#13;\nthe tolerable levels of WRAN interference into DTV receivers and studied&#13;\nthe effect of these interference levels on WRAN deployment.&#13;\nBased on the need for efficient utilization of the primary network spectrum, we&#13;\npropose efficient interference-aware radio resource allocation (RRA) techniques for&#13;\northogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) CR networks. These RRA&#13;\ntechniques aim to maximize the CR network throughput and to keep the CR interference&#13;\nto the primary network at or below a predefined threshold, known as the&#13;\n"interference temperature" limit. Moreover, we propose a joint spectrum-sensing design&#13;\nand power control algorithm that lead to increased CR network throughput and&#13;\nefficient protection of the PUs from undue interference.&#13;\nInterference coordination (IC) is considered a key technique for capacity maximization&#13;\nin emerging heterogeneous wireless networks. We propose a CR-based IC&#13;\nand RRA algorithm for OFDMA femtocell deployments to achieve efficient spectrum&#13;\nutilization and maximum network throughput. CR is envisioned as a key enabling&#13;\ntechnology for future wireless networks; our novel CR techniques will provide other&#13;\nresearchers useful tools to design such networks.
Hemodynamic Flow Modeling Through an Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm Using Data Mining Tools (2010)

Geometrical changes of blood vessels, called aneurysm, occur often in humans with possible catastrophic outcome. Then, the blood flow is enormously affected, as well as the blood hemodynamic interaction forces acting on the arterial wall. These forces are the cause of the wall rupture. A mechanical quantity characteristic for the blood-wall interaction is the wall shear stress, which also has direct physiological effects on the endothelial cell behavior. Therefore, it is very important to have an insight into the blood flow and shear stress distribution when an aneurysm is developed in order to help correlating the mechanical conditions with the pathogenesis of pathological changes on the blood vessels. This insight can further help in improving the prevention of cardiovascular diseases evolution. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used in general as a tool to generate results for the mechanical conditions within blood vessels with and without aneurysms. However, aneurysms are very patient specific and reliable results from CFD analyses can be obtained by a cumbersome and time-consuming process of the computational model generation followed by huge computations. In order to make the CFD analyses efficient and suitable for future everyday clinical practice, we have here employed data mining (DM) techniques. The focus was to combine the CFD and DM methods for the estimation of the wall shear stresses in an abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) underprescribed geometrical changes. Additionally, computing on the grid infrastructure was performed to improve efficiency, since thousands of CFD runs were needed for creating machine learning data. We used several DM techniques and found that our DM models provide good prediction of the shear stress at the AAA in comparison with full CFD model results on real patient data.
Sequence-specific Nucleic Acid Detection from Binary Pore Conductance Measurement (2012)

We describe a platform for sequence-specific nucleic acid (NA) detection utilizing a micropipet tapered to a 2 μm diameter pore and 3 μm diameter polystyrene beads to which uncharged peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe molecules have been conjugated. As the target NAs hybridize to the complementary PNA-beads, the beads acquire negative charge and become electrophoretically mobile. An applied electric field guides these NA-PNA-beads toward the pipet tip, which they obstruct, leading to an indefinite, electrically detectable, partial blockade of the pore. In the presence of noncomplementary NA, even to the level of single base mismatch, permanent pore blockade is not seen. We show application of this platform to detection of the anthrax lethal factor sequence.
Connections of the amygdala of the rat. IV: Corticoamygdaloid and intraamygdaloid connections as studied with axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (1982)

Abstract The corticoamygdaloid and intraamygdaloid projections of the rat were studied by the use of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Observations based on anterograde transport of the enzyme were exploited to determine the course of the intrinsic connections. The HRP was injected stereotactically by means of iontophoresis. Most of the amygdaloid nuclei were selectively injected, and all but a few were reached by more than one approach. The vast majority of corticoamygdaloid fibers was found to originate in cortical areas defined as allocortical (Stephan, 1975). From the medial frontal cortex the central amygdaloid nucleus (AC) receives a hitherto undescribed projection originating in the tenia tecta; and both the AC and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus (AL) receive fibers from the prelimbic and infralimbic areas. The anterior cingulate area entertains a weak connection with the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL). As to the insular cortex, the posterior agranular insular area projects to all amygdaloid subdivisions; the BL, AC, and the anterior cortical nucleus (COa) receive, in addition, fibers from the ventral agranular area. The prepyriform cortex connects with the entire amygdala except the medial nucleus (Am) The amygdala receives afferents from a transitional area between the amygdala and the entorhinal area. The entorhinal area proper is related to the amygdala via projections from the ventral part of the lateral entorhinal area to the AL and from the dorsal part of the lateral entorhinal area to the BL. The former nucleus also receives fibers from the perirhinal region. Additional amygdalopetal connections from the hippocampal region include a previously undescribed projection from the temporal two‐thirds of CA1 to the AL and BL and to the posterior cortical nucleus (COp) with the adjacent periamygdaloid cortex (PAC). The subiculum projects to the AL, and more modestly to other amygdaloid nuclei There is an extensive network of intraamygdaloid connections, the Am and AC being the only nuclei not giving rise to intrinsic fibers.
Herbicide research and development: challenges and opportunities (2007)

Summary The high adoption of chemical weed control and the broad range of solutions already available to manage most weed problems are significant hurdles to the development and launch of new herbicides. Business potentials are influenced by the high technical and biological standards provided by existing herbicides, as well as the intense competition in the marketplace. Other factors adding complexity are agronomic, structural and technological changes, including the introduction of herbicide‐tolerant crops, and the high costs of development for new active ingredients, mainly due to increasing regulatory requirements. In the light of increasing weed resistance to widely used herbicides, securing diversity in agronomy as well as weed management is a key to efficient crop production in future. In order to support this objective, new herbicides, preferably with new modes‐of‐action, will need to be discovered and developed.
Evaluation of permanent die coatings to improve the wear resistance of die casting dies. Final project report, January 1, 1995--April 30, 1997 (1997)

Die Casting dies are subject to severe service conditions during the die casting operation. While these severe conditions are necessary to achieve high production rates, they cause the dies which are commonly made of H13 die steel, to suffer frequent failures. The major die failure mechanisms are erosion or washout, Heat checking, soldering and corrosion. Due to their geometrical complexity, die casting dies are very expensive (some dies cost over a million dollars), and thus a large number of parts have to be produced by a die, to justify this cost and leverage the advantages of the die casting process (high production rates, low manpower costs). A potential increase in the die service life, thus has a significant impact on the economics of the die; casting operation. There are many ways to extend die life: developing new wear resistant die materials, developing new surface treatments including coatings, improving heat treatment of existing H13 dies, using better lubricants that can protect the die material, or modifying the die geometry and process parameters to reduce the intensity of wear. Of these the use of coatings to improve the wear resistance of the die surface has shown a lot of promise. Consequently, use of coatings in the die casting industry and their wide use to decrease die wear can improve significantly the productivity of shop operations resulting in large savings in material and energy usage.
Variation of the Positions Where the Welded Joints of HT 80 Failed in the Fatigue Test (1970)

We obtained the following results from fatigue test on the welded joints of HT 80 with the reinforcements removed using the modified Schenck's test pieces.(1) The endurance limits of the welded joints were slightly lower than that of the base metal.(2) Most welded joints failed at the bonded zone or the softened zone in H. A. Z. In the case of the specimens failed at the bonded zone, the fatigue cracks started in the coarse grain zone.(3) The welded joints failed almost at the softened zone when the applied stress was comparatively high and failed slightly more at the bonded zone than the softened zone when the applied stress was near the endurance limit.(4) Considering the result (3), we had investigated the endurance limit (σ) from two points hardness (H) and grain diameter (D) and proposed the following formula, σ=a1H1/√D+b11/√D+a2H+b2, where a1, b1, a2, b2 are the constant values without concerning the material, and we proposed the following values : a1=0.0017, b1=0.54, a2=0.11, b2=3.5.(5) From one more experiment on the grain size dependence of the fatigue strength, we obtained the fact that the effect of the grain size on the fatigue strength decreases with increase of the applied stress.(6) The equation above mentioned shows the endurance limit, but when the applied stress is comparatively higher than the endurance limit, the values 'a1' and 'b1' must be smaller than 0.0017 and 0.54 judging from the result (5). In this case we can see that the fatigue strength of bonded zone is higher than that of the softened zone.