gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Analysis of the Evidence for Current Technologies in Bone-Healing and Repair (2008)

Substances that enhance fracture-healing and bone regeneration have valuable clinical application and merit future research. Advances in these technologies will enhance our ability to heal fractures in a more effective and expedient manner. This review provides a brief description of the different techniques and technologies and their respective clinical utility. This paper also reviews the available literature on gene therapy, tissue engineering, growth factors, osteoconductive agents, and physical forces and assesses the evidence regarding the current status of these techniques of healing and regenerating bone. Only twenty-seven articles met our guidelines for studies containing Level-I evidence. We were able to determine that atrophic nonunions and pseudarthrosis led to poorer outcomes, and the results were uniformly poor irrespective of the technique used. Although the literature contains a large number of studies on the effects of different agents and modalities on bone repair and healing, it still is not clear how these agents work or in what circumstances they should be used. Many of the treatment modalities of interest are still at an experimental stage, so good evidence to support clinical practice is lacking. Additional multicenter, prospective randomized studies are needed to define the indications, specifications, dosage, limitations, and contraindications in the treatment of nonunions. Studies are also needed to address the full clinical feasibility of the role of each modality in fracture-healing and repair.
Restoration of Sensation and Thumb Opposition Using Nerve Transfers Following Resection of a Synovial Sarcoma of the Median Nerve (2019)

Synovial sarcomas of peripheral nerves are rare and often leave major functional deficits after wide excision. We present a case of median nerve reconstruction using nerve transfers after resection of a synovial sarcoma of the median nerve. Sensation was restored by transferring the fourth common digital nerve to the first and second common digital nerves. Thumb opposition was restored by transferring the abductor digiti minimi branch to the recurrent motor branch. The soft tissue defect was reconstructed with a free gracilis muscle flap. Fifteen months after surgery, there was Medical Research Council grade 4+ opposition strength with co-contraction of the abductor digiti minimi. Sensation recovered slowly over time. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score decreased from 47.4 before surgery to 13.3 afterward. The patient was able to use the right hand for writing and crafting pottery. Distal nerve transfers are a reliable option for reconstruction of complete median nerve defects. Key words: median nerve, nerve transfer, opponensplasty, sensory nerve transfer, synovial sarcoma
<title>Infrared remote sensing of Mars and the Mars astrobiology exploration strategy</title> (2002)

The Mars exploration strategy calls first for the detection from orbit of minerals indicative of environments conducive to the support of life or the preservation of biomarkers. That information would then be used for astrobiology landing site selection. The near-term search will be conducted by the 1996 Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the 2001 Mars Odyssey 9-band radiometer Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). This places the productivity of TES and THEMIS in the critical path of the Mars astrobiology strategy. Most predictions of mineral detection limits for TES and THEMIS are based on laboratory spectra of fresh mineral surfaces. However, standard laboratory measurements of fresh mineral surfaces generally do not reproduce all the spectral effects of weathering and surface roughness that are very apparent in field spectra, and these differences can critically affect interpretations of TES and THEMIS data. Here we examine causes of variations in spectral contrast, and differences in spectral signatures recorded in the field and in typical laboratory measurements, and show what the results indicate for the search for minerals and landing sites using TES and THEMIS. We conclude that for TES and THEMIS to attain their predicted mineral detection limits, minerals must be present under specific conditions: well-crystalline, smooth-surfaced at several scales, and low atmospheric downwelling radiance contribution. As a result, TES and THEMIS should not necessarily be used to exclude landing sites that are of interest for other reasons (e.g. geomorphology), but that exhibit no clear detections of minerals of interest to astrobiologists.
Ophthalmoscopy for the general practitioner : review article (2004)

Extracted from text ... SA Fam Pract 2004;46(5) 10 
Roux P, MBChB, DPH, MpraxMed, FCS (SA)(Ophth), FRCOphth 
Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Pretoria 
Faculty of Health Sciences 
Department of Ophthalmology 
Correspondence: Prof P Roux Prof of Ophthalmology, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health 
Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, PO Box 667, Pretoria, South Africa, 0001. 
Tel: +27 12 354 1782, Fax: 27 12 319 2643, Email: proux@medic.up.ac.za 
(SA Fam Pract 2004;46(5): 10-11) 
Ophthalmoscopy for the 
general practitioner 
DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY 
Description: Direct ophthalmoscopy 
allows for the visual examination of the 
retina and ocular media. The hand-held 
direct ophthalmoscope uses the patient's 
eye as a simple magnifier ..
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Complexes as Auxiliary Chromophores in Chiroptical Studies on Carbohydrates (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An interactive tactile graphics display (2002)

We have built and operated an interactive tactile graphics display based on 48 piezoelectric actuators assembled in a movable tactile output unit. The unit can be positioned at any location on a two dimensional surface to explore the structure of a virtual image. The virtual tactile display (VTD) can receive data either from a camera system or from a data base on a computer. Both static and dynamic patterns can be displayed. The maximum refresh rate of the tactile image is 20 Hz. This paper covers the technical description of an improved version of the virtual tactile display which takes into account all experience gained with an initial prototype. A short overview of the results obtained in tests done with 6 blind and 4 sighted subjects using the initial prototype shows the capacity of the underlying concept.
Thermo-Mechanical Behavior During Steel Continuous Casting in Funnel Molds (2010)

Computational models have been developed to investigate the thermal and mechanical behavior of the solidifying steel shell in continuous casting funnel molds, with the goal of understanding the effect of funnel shape on the solidifying steel shell. The numerical models have been calibrated with plant measurements from the Corus Direct Sheet Plant in IJmuiden, The Netherlands, and are used to recommend funnel designs and narrow-face taper practices. The steady-state temperature distribution in the mold is calculated in three-dimensions, and then used to calibrate and validate a simpler one-dimensional model of mold heat transfer. The results are applied to explain the effect of mold wear on the measured mold temperatures and heat fluxes. Investigation of the mechanical behavior of the solidifying shell has identified the geometry of the funnel has little influence on the thermal behavior of the solidifying shell, but induces a bending effect in the shell that is absent in conventional parallel-face molds. This bending effect is shown to increase the likelihood of crack formation in the “inside curve” region of the funnel, due to increased tensile stress on the solidification front. This mechanical effect can be mitigated by using a shallow and wide funnel with no inner flat region. Naturally, this finding needs to be balanced with the original purpose of the funnel, to allow room for the submerged entry nozzle, and with other crack mechanisms in order to find the optimal funnel-shape design.
Metals-contaminated benthic invertebrates in the Clark Fork River Montana: effects on age-0 brown trout and rainbow trout (1995)

Benthic organisms in the upper Clark Fork River have recently been implicated as a dietary source of metals that may be a chronic problem for young-of-the-year rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this present study, early life stage brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout were exposed for 88 d to simulated Clark Fork River water and a diet of benthic invertebrates collected from the river. These exposures resulted in reduced growth and elevated levels of metals in the whole body of both species. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb increased in whole brown trout; in rainbow trout, As and Cd increased in whole fish, and As also increased in liver. Brown trout on the metals-contaminated diets exhibited constipation, gut impaction, increased cell membrane damage (lipid peroxidation), decreased digestive enzyme production (zymogen), and a sloughing of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. Rainbow trout fed the contaminated diets exhibited constipation and reduced feeding activity. We believe that the reduced standing crop of trout in the Clark Fork River results partly from chronic effects of metals contamination in benthic invertebrates that are important as food for young-of-the-year fish.
Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases (2000)

MAP kinases are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are activated by a protein kinase cascade, including a MAP kinase kinase kinase, which phosphorylates a MAP kinase kinase, which in turn activates the MAP kinase by phosphorylation on Thr and Tyr residues. The primary sequence surrounding these phosphorylation sites serves to distinguish three major groups of mammalian MAP kinases. These include the Ras-activated ERK MAP kinases, which are characterized by the sequence TEY and the two stress-activated MAP kinases: p38 with the sequence TGY, and the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) with the sequence TPY. This review will focus on the JNK group of MAP kinases.
Isolation and Localization of a Cytosolic 10 S Triacylglycerol Biosynthetic Multienzyme Complex from Oleaginous Yeast (2001)

Triacylglycerol is one of the major storage forms of metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells. Biosynthesis of triacylglycerol is known to occur in membranes. We report here the isolation, purification, and characterization of a catalytically active cytosolic 10 S multienzyme complex for triacylglycerol biosynthesis from Rhodotorula glutinis during exponential growth. The complex was characterized and was found to contain lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase, and acyl carrier protein. The 10 S triacylglycerol biosynthetic complex rapidly incorporates free fatty acids as well as fatty acyl-coenzyme A into triacylglycerol and its biosynthetic intermediates. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase from the complex were microsequenced. Antibodies were raised against the synthetic peptides corresponding to lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase sequences. Immunoprecipitation and immunolocalization studies show the presence of a cytosolic multienzyme complex for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Chemical cross-linking studies revealed that the 10 S multienzyme complex was held together by protein-protein interactions. These results demonstrate that the cytosol is one of the sites for triacylglycerol biosynthesis in oleaginous yeast.
Prediction of ischaemic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation if advanced echocardiography plays the game (2018)

Take home figure A futuristic echo-based algorithm for anticoagulant therapy management of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. OAC
Arylsulfonyl Groups: The Best Cyclization Auxiliaries for the Preparation of ATRC γ‐Lactams can be Acidolytically Removed (2014)

Abstract The N ‐arylsulfonyl group, which is the best and most useful cyclization auxiliary for the transition‐metal‐catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) of N ‐allyl‐α‐polychloroamides, can be effectively removed from the target γ‐lactams by using H 2 SO 4 –HOAc, without impairing the halogen functions. The reaction involves H + attack on the aromatic moiety, and is strongly responsive to the electronic properties of the substituent bound to the aromatic ring: electron‐donating groups, such as methyl or methoxy are, in fact, required for efficient “deprotection”. The N ‐ p ‐nitrophenylsulfonyl cyclization auxiliary, in contrast to all the other sulfonyl groups tested, proved to be unsuitable for the ATRC, owing to a side reductive transposition that halts the redox cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF DIMETHYLOXOSULFONIUM METHYLIDE (CH3)2S(O) = CH2 (1977)

Abstract Die reine salzfreie Titelverbindung (I) wurde nach Literaturmethoden dargestellt und NMR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
Penile fracture in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A case report (2019)

The association of penile fracture with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) has never been described. Our patient is a 41-year-old male with EDS who presented with a traumatic penile fracture, ten days following sexual intercourse. This report recognizes the possible heightened risk of structural penile injury in patients with connective tissue disorders such as EDS and emphasizes a need for a high index of suspicion of occult urethral injury and special considerations in surgical management of these complex cases.
Skin lesion analysis toward melanoma detection: A challenge at the 2017 International symposium on biomedical imaging (ISBI), hosted by the international skin imaging collaboration (ISIC) (2018)

This article describes the design, implementation, and results of the latest installment of the dermoscopic image analysis benchmark challenge. The goal is to support research and development of algorithms for automated diagnosis of melanoma, the most lethal skin cancer. The challenge was divided into 3 tasks: lesion segmentation, feature detection, and disease classification. Participation involved 593 registrations, 81 pre-submissions, 46 finalized submissions (including a 4-page manuscript), and approximately 50 attendees, making this the largest standardized and comparative study in this field to date. While the official challenge duration and ranking of participants has concluded, the dataset snapshots remain available for further research and development.
Fabricated bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis using a coil (2016)

Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis was preformed in a safe and minimally invasive manner with positive results over both the short- and long-term, thus underscoring its utility as a form of treatment. Furthermore, by combining the use of long and short coils, we were able to reduce the number of coils necessary for the procedure, and thus reduce the time and cost involved.
Crystallization kinetics of polyphenylene sulfide (1985)

The crystallization kinetics of unfilled and glass-reinforced grades of polyphenylene sulfide has been investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry. The maximum rate of crystallization is observed at about 170°C. From the crystallization data, it is recommended that the molding parameters should be so specified that the polymer spends 10–15 s over the temperature range of 155–190°C during cooling, before demolding, in order to ensure stable morphology of the molded part. The glass fibers have an accelerating influence on crystallization resulting in a 15–25% reduction in crystallization time. The kinetic data have been interpreted by using Avrami analysis followed by a discussion of the possible crystallization mechanisms.
DEGRADATION OF KERATIN CONTAINING WASTES BY BACTERIA WITH KERATINOLYTIC ACTIVITY (2015)

The aim of this study was to select keratin-degrading bacteria from JSC “Biocentras” collection and poultry processing plant wastewater, and to study their ability to degrade chicken feathers. Isolated from poultry processing plant wastewater bacteria was grown in basal media with feathers meal and showed high keratinolytic activity and protein content throughout the cultivation time. Bacterial strains B. licheniformis 511, B. subtilis I1, B. subtilis 717, and B. subtilis 103 suggested strongly of bacteria that produces keratinolytic activity in the cell free culture supernatants. The obtained results showed that maximum activity of keratinase is a function of cultivation time by the bacteria tested. B. subtilis 103 reached to its maximum level of keratinase production (152 U/mL) after 24 hrs, when over bacteria (148-242 U/mL) after 48 hrs. The good ability of selected bacteria to degrade feathers was detected. The best biodegradation of feathers was obtained using B. subtilis I-1. Over bacillus good degraded feathers as well.
A Service Workflow Management Framework Based on Peer-to-Peer and Agent Technologies (2006)

Service workflow management which consolidates multiple services to achieve business goals has become a critical issue in service-oriented computing. Due to the unique feature of service workflows such as full distribution and high dynamicity, the contemporary workflow technology has exhibited inefficiency, vulnerability, inflexibility and lack of adaptability. Based upon the authors' previous work on peer-to-peer based workflow management and seamless integration of agents and Web services, this paper innovatively presents SwinDeW-A which is a decentralised service workflow management framework based on peer-to-peer and agent technologies. Based on this framework, this paper also discusses how autonomous service level agreement negotiation, decentralised process enactment, and autonomous process adaptation can be achieved. The proposed approach takes advantages of the peer-to-peer computing technology and the agent technology to provide more efficient, reliable, flexible and adaptive service workflow management.
Thiol-Promoted Selective Addition of Ketones to Aldehydes (2014)

A simple and efficient thiol-mediated addition of ketones to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is reported. This thermodynamically controlled Pummerer/aldol reaction, which can tolerate both moisture and protic functional groups, provides a direct entry to syn-β-thioketones in high chemo- and regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that selective transformation of the aldehyde to an electrophilic thionium ion species concurrent with the generation of a nucleophilic vinyl sulfide coupling partner from the ketone is imposing cross-coupling over dimerization.
Data from Mechanistic Elucidation of the Antitumor Properties of Withaferin A in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Withaferin A (WFA) is a steroidal lactone with antitumor effects manifested at multiple levels that are mechanistically obscure. Using a phospho-kinase screening array, we discovered that WFA activated phosphorylation of the S6 kinase RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) in breast cancer cells. Pursuing this observation, we defined activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)–RSK and ETS-like transcription factor 1 (Elk1)–CHOP (C-EBP homologous protein) kinase pathways in upregulating transcription of the death receptor 5 (DR5). Through this route, WFA acted as an effective DR5 activator capable of potentiating the biologic effects of celecoxib, etoposide, and TRAIL. Accordingly, WFA treatment inhibited breast tumor formation in xenograft and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-neu mouse models in a manner associated with activation of the ERK/RSK axis, DR5 upregulation, and elevated nuclear accumulation of Elk1 and CHOP. Together, our results offer mechanistic insight into how WFA inhibits breast tumor growth. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(9); 2617–29. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Highly transparent and conductive group IV impurity-doped ZnO thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (1993)

Highly transparent and conducting group IV impurity-doped ZnO thin films have been prepared on low-temperature substrates below 140 °C by rf magnetron sputtering. Resistivities of 4–8×10−4 Ω cm and an average transmittance above 85% in the visible range were obtained for ZnO films doped with Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, or Hf. The stability of resistivity for use in high-temperature atmospheres was significantly improved by the impurity doping. On the contrary, the resistivity of ZnO films doped with Sn or Pb was higher than that of an undoped ZnO film, and these films were discolored.
Epizootic of paratuberculosis in farmed elk (1998)

After multiple cases of chronic diarrhea and weight loss in a farmed elk herd, 3 yearlings and 1 adult elk with similar clinical signs were euthanatized and necropsied. Gross and histologic evidence of paratuberculosis were found in the yearlings. Evidence of serum antibody to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was detected in the 2 elk with the most disseminated infection. Acid-fast organisms were isolated from multiple organs in all 4 elk and identified as M paratuberculosis by DNA probe. Thirty-five percent of 1 calf crop (n = 31) died or were euthanatized because of paratuberculosis before they were 2 years old. The organism was believed to have been spread by standing water that was used by calves as a wallow and a source of drinking water. The water was believed to have been contaminated by an infected adult female elk introduced to the herd just before calving season.
Risk-Averse Time-Dependent Route Guidance by Constrained Dynamic A* Search in Decentralized System Architecture (2006)

Both the risk of concentration phenomenon for the navigation system and the risk of encountering unacceptable delay are reduced by guiding risk-averse drivers along reliable paths while avoiding high-risk links as far as possible. A constrained dynamic A* algorithm is proposed to search for a reliable path subject to a trip duration constraint in a time-dependent road network. The efficiency of the dynamic A* search is increased by taking advantage of information computed off-line. The algorithms proposed are implemented, and their computational performance is analyzed in simulation.
Malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications: automated feature analysis and classification. (1996)

Quantitative features can be extracted and analyzed by a computer to distinguish malignant from benign clustered microcalcifications. This technique may help radiologists reduce the number of false-positive biopsy findings.
A 140-dB CMRR Low-noise Instrumentation Amplifier for Neural Signal Sensing (2006)

This paper presents a novel IA (instrumentation amplifier) design for implantable biomedical devices and systems with a 140-dB CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio). The proposed IA is composed of 3 stages, including a preamplifier, a 2nd-order BPF (band-pass filer), and a DC-level shifter and output buffer stage. A low-noise gm-C amplifier is used in the preamplifier stage so as to reduce the coupled thermal noise which might overwhelm the weak neural signals. The BPF is designed based on an OTA (operational transconductance amplifier) with dual current switches aiming at the low power as well as low noise demands. A source follower is employed to carry out the DC-level shifter and the output buffer, which provides an output signal adequate to drive the following stage, which is usually an ADC (analog to digital converter). Detailed analysis of the proposed circuitry is derived to solidify the proposed architecture. The proposed design is implemented using TSMC 0.35 mum 2P4M CMOS process. The results of post-layout simulations verify the performance of our design. The CMRR is better than 140 dB, and, most important of all, the input noise (RMS) is merely 23.28 dB at all PVT (process, supply voltage, temperature) corners