gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Solid-Phase Extraction Method for Determination of Pheophorbide a and Pyropheophorbide a in Health Foods by Liquid Chromatography (2004)

A simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the liquid chromatography (LC) determination of pheophorbide (Phor) a and pyropheophorbide (Pyro) a in health foods such as chlorella, spirulina, etc. The food sample was extracted with 85% (v/v) acetone. The extract was acidified with hydrochloric acid and loaded on a C18 cartridge. After washing with water, Phor a and Pyro a were eluted with the LC mobile phase. Phor a and Pyro a were separated by isocratic reversed-phase LC and quantitated by fluorescence detection. The recoveries for spiked samples of chlorella and the extract were 87.1-102.0%. Commercial health foods (chlorella, spirulina, aloe, kale, Jews mallow, and green tea leaves) were analyzed using the SPE method. The values found for Phor a and Pyro a ranged from 2 to 788 microg/g and from <1 to 24 microg/g, respectively. There was no significant difference between the SPE method and the official method in Japan (spectrophotometry after liquid-liquid extraction). The advantages of the SPE method are the short extraction times, lack of emulsions, and reduced consumption of organic solvents compared with the official method in Japan. The SPE method is considered to be useful for the screening of Phor a and Pyro a in health foods.
Anomalous Reaction of Ethyl Bromofluoro- and Difluoro-Acetates with Dialkylphosphonites (2008)

The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction of ethyl α -bromo-α -fluoro- and α, α -difluoro-acetates with dialkyl phenylphosphonites leads to the formation of unusual products including a fluorophosphinate. The reaction of ethyl bromofluoracetate with diisopropyl- and dimethyl-phenylphosphonites furnishes a complex mixture of eight and five compounds respectively. Five different compounds are obtained when ethyl bromodifluoroacetate is reacted with diisopropyl phenylphosphonite. Dimethyl phenylphosphonite yields three compounds when heated with bromochloromethane. The probable mechanism of formation of the compounds and their mass spectral characterization using GC-MS, tandem MS-MS and DART™ techniques are presented in this paper.
Switch of phenotype as an escape mechanism of the intruder (1997)

Phenotypic switching in Candida albicans is a reversible, high-frequency phenomenon that is readily detectable in a fungal population as changes in cell or colony morphology. Some putative attributes of virulence in C. albicans, including expression of cell wall glycoproteins, secretion of proteolytic enzymes and hypha formation have been associated with switching phenomena. C. albicans isolates from active infection tend to show a higher prevalence of phenotypic switching than those associated with commensalism. Moreover, some characteristics of azole resistance in C. albicans are compatible with a switch of phenotype. There is thus a preliminary basis of scientific evidence for a hypothesis that phenotypic switching may indeed serve as an attribute of virulence in at least one pathogenic fungus, facilitating invasion and escape from host defences.
Advance Prediction Of Effects Of Atmosphere On Image Quality (1988)

Using atmospheric modulation transfer function area (MTFA) as a single-&apos;valued numerical criterion for image quality propagated through the atmosphere, a statistical study of atmospheric imaging data accumulated over a three year period has led to the determination of regression coefficients with which to quantitatively predict effects of windspeed, air temperature, and relative humidity on image quality propagated through the atmosphere as a function of wavelength over the 400-1000 nm wavelength region. Utilization of this procedure is quite simple. One simply plugs in expected values for windspeed, air temperature, and relative humidity ii the regression coefficient expression for MTFA. The larger the expected MTFA, the better the expected image quality. Two sets of regression coefficient data have been obtained, one each for desert and non-desert climates, corresponding to summer and winter data here. Preliminary experimentation over a different line-of-sight indicates the accuracy of the model is fairly reliable.
Bilateral ruptured tubo-ovarian abscesses following bilateral tubal ligation several years earlier. (1998)

The occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease and tubo-ovarian abscesses previously has been regarded as essentially nonexistent in the patient who has undergone tubal sterilization, although there have been isolated reports in the literature. This case describes a patient who underwent tubal ligation approximately 6 years prior to presenting with bilateral ruptured tubo-ovarian abscesses. The patient underwent emergency surgery and had an uneventful recovery. Theoretically, although bilateral tubal ligation should preclude the development of pelvic inflammatory disease, it is a diagnosis that should be considered in the patient presenting with lower pelvic and abdominal pain.
HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES FROM RECENTLY VACCINATED REACTING NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY ON IN VITRO STIMULATION WITH ONE TYPE OF POLIOVIRUS' INDIVIDUALS PRODUCE BOTH TYPE-SPECIFIC AND INTERTYPIC CROSS- (1985)

An in vitro system of poliovirus-specific antibody production by peripheral blood B cells on stimulation by the virus has been developed. Virus-neutralizing antibodies in culture supernatant fluids, or virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were detected by microneutralization assay and ELISASPOT test, respectively. After booster immunization with polio vaccine, anti-poliovirus-neutralizing ASC were present in circulation. This response was measurable between 5 and 12 days after booster vaccination, At between 12 and 90 days, another subset of B cells was found in peripheral blood that only produced poliovirusspecific neutralizing antibody after in vitro antigenic stimulation. The in vitro virus-induced response required B cells, monocytes, and T4+ (T helper) cells, and was shown to result from de novo protein synthesis. The anti-poliovirus-neutralizing response in vitro could be dissected in a type-specific and intertypic cross-reactive response by using various antigen concentrations for in vitro stimulation. Evidence was obtained by absorption studies for the existence of intertypic cross-reactive neutralization-inducing epitopes.
Dephasing Dynamics of the Vibronic States of Epitaxial Polydiacetylene Films (1995)

The dynamics of polydiacetylene (pDCH) vibronic states has been measured with photon echoes and pump probe techniques using femtosecond optical pulses. The excitonic dephasing (52 fs) is shown to be dominated by interactions between excitons and the vibration modes of the polymer chain. The importance of the C=C double bonds compared to the C\ensuremath{\equiv}C triple bonds shows up both in the dephasing and early population dynamics. These results sugest that just after excitation the polydiacetylene backbone undertakes a transient structural change with a butatrieniclike distribution of the electronic states.
Abstract 687: Critical role and mechanism of WASF3 in HER2/HER3 regulation of breast cancer metastasis (2016)

Abstract WASF3 is overexpressed in high-grade breast cancer and promotes invasion and metastasis but does not affect proliferation. The HER2/ERBB2/NEU gene is also frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and has been shown to promote invasion and metastasis in these tumors. Here we show that WASF3 in present in the HER2 immunocomplex and suppression of WASF3 function leads to suppression of invasion even in the presence of HER2 expression. Overexpression of both HER2 and WASF3 in non-metastatic MCF7 breast cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis more significantly than either gene alone. HER2 forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with other HER family members and we now show that the ability of WASF3 to promote invasion is highly dependent on the HER2/HER3 heterodimer. The engagement of WASF3 with the HER2/HER3 complex facilitates its phospho-activation and transcriptional upregulation, which is facilitated by HER2/HER3 activation of JAK/STAT signaling. In breast cancer cells overexpressing HER2, therefore, WASF3 is specifically required to facilitate the invasion/metastasis response. Targeting WASF3, therefore, could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress metastasis of HER2-overexpressing breast tumors. Citation Format: yong teng, Wenhu Pi, John Cowell. Critical role and mechanism of WASF3 in HER2/HER3 regulation of breast cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 687.
Structural basis for chemokine receptor CCR6 activation by the endogenous protein ligand CCL20 (2020)

Chemokines are important protein-signaling molecules that regulate various immune responses by activating chemokine receptors which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Despite the substantial progression of our structural understanding of GPCR activation by small molecule and peptide agonists, the molecular mechanism of GPCR activation by protein agonists remains unclear. Here, we present a 3.3-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human chemokine receptor CCR6 bound to its endogenous ligand CCL20 and an engineered Go. CCL20 binds in a shallow extracellular pocket, making limited contact with the core 7-transmembrane (TM) bundle. The structure suggests that this mode of binding induces allosterically a rearrangement of a noncanonical toggle switch and the opening of the intracellular crevice for G protein coupling. Our results demonstrate that GPCR activation by a protein agonist does not always require substantial interactions between ligand and the 7TM core region.
Skyrmions in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate (2000)

Multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates provide opportunities&#13;\nto explore experimentally the wealth of physics associated&#13;\nwith the spin degrees of freedom. The ground-state properties and line-like vortex excitations of these quantum&#13;\nsystems have been studied theoretically. In principle, nontrivial&#13;\nspin textures consisting of point-like topological excitations, or&#13;\nskyrmions, could exist in a multi-component Bose-Einstein&#13;\ncondensate, owing to the superfluid nature of the gas. Although&#13;\nskyrmion excitations are already known in the context of nuclear&#13;\nphysics and the quantum-Hall effect, creating these excitations in&#13;\nan atomic condensate would offer an opportunity to study their&#13;\nphysical behaviour in much greater detail, while also enabling an&#13;\nab initio comparison between theory and experiment. Here we&#13;\ninvestigate theoretically the stability of skyrmions in a fictitious&#13;\nspin-1/2 condensate of 87Rb atoms. We find that skyrmions can&#13;\nexist in such a gas only as a metastable state, but with a lifetime&#13;\ncomparable to (or even longer than) the typical lifetime of the&#13;\ncondensate itself.
Challenges of Biomechanical Data Capture in an Anthropometrically Diverse Geriatric Population at Risk for Falls (2013)

A range of methodological challenges were encountered during a biomechanical study of 56 older adults ranging from ages 50-95 years of age. The sample included individuals with strength and gait impairments who were at risk for falls and fall-related injury. Methodological and participant-related issues encountered during data collection were 1) preventing falls and fall-related injuries, 2) difficulty with osteological landmark palpation and retroreflective marker placement due to obesity, 3) retroreflective marker obstruction by body fat and clothing, as well as the safety harness, hospital bed and other structures in the motion capture space, 4) marker loss during in-bed movements, 5) participant fatigue and instability necessitating trial modification. The development of a customized fall arrest system and other solutions will be discussed.
Determination of the structure of KDO8P synthase with the natural substrate A5P, Z-FPEP and E-FPEP (2002)

Ribonucleotide reductases (rnrs) catalyse the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides and is thus an interesting target for drug design. Structural studies of rnrs by xray crystallography can be of great help in understanding the mechanism. Class I enzymes consist of two homodimeric proteins, in class Ia R1 and R2 and in Ib R1E and R2F. Ribonucleotide reductases are allosterically regulated enzymes and interact with both positive and negative effector molecules. In the class Ia enzymes two allosteric sites distinct from the active site are located in the large subunit R1. One of them, the overall activity site determines if the enzyme is active or not and apart from this a second site, the specificity site, is found. The specificity site ensures balanced dNTP pools by regulating which ribonucleotide is to be reduced. This regulation is thought to be performed through conformational changes in the large subunit. The structure of the large subunit, class Ib RNR from Salmonella typhimurium, R1E has been solved in complex with two different specificity effectors, an ATP derivate AMP-PNP and dATP. The structure reveals a similar structure to the R1 from E.coli and the most striking difference is that the overall activity site is absent in R1E. The two effectors bound to R1E show somewhat different interactions with the enzyme. Together the two structures give insight to how the regulation of the specificity of RNR class Ib is performed.
Search for baryon-number and lepton-number violating decays ofΛhyperons using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory (2015)

We present a search for ten baryon number violating decay modes of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ hyperons using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. Nine of these decay modes result in a single meson and single lepton in the final state ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}m\ensuremath{\ell}$) and conserve either the sum or the difference of baryon and lepton number ($B\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}L$). The tenth decay mode ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$) represents a difference in baryon number of two units and no difference in lepton number. We observe no significant signal and set upper limits on the branching fractions of these reactions in the range $(4--200)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ at the 90% confidence level.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma progressing after molecular targeted therapy: A multicenter prospective observational study (2022)

To evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously treated with molecular targeted agents (MTAs). Thirty-one patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable HCC and previously treated with MTAs were enrolled in this study. The treatment lines ranged from second to sixth lines. The treatment effect on HCC differed from that during first-line treatment. The treatment effect was determined using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and modified RECIST. The treatment response was different for each MTA immediately prior to atezolizumab + bevacizumab treatment. Tumors treated with lenvatinib followed by atezolizumab + bevacizumab showed rapid growth for a short period of time followed by shrinkage. However, patients who received ramucirumab, sorafenib, and regorafenib did not show such changes. This was likely because of differences in the mechanism of action of the MTA administered immediately beforehand. The side-effect profile differed from that observed in the IMbrave150 phase 3 study of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, which showed more adverse events related to hepatic reserve. Patients treated with the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab after lenvatinib therapy may experience rapid tumor growth and subsequent shrinkage.
Abstract 3328: Cytotherapy with naive rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells significantly attenuates growth of murine pancreatic cancer cells and increases mouse survival in syngeneic mice (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with a very poor prognosis. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. MSC derived from the human umbilical cord matrix (UCMSC) have a great potential for therapeutic use in cancer. UCMSC-based targeted gene/therapeutic-delivery and successful tumor attenuation has been demonstrated. However, the targeted stem cell therapy would be significantly safer and more applicable to human patients if unmodified postnatal stem cells alone were shown to cause tumor cell death and regress tumors, without any foreign gene transfection. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the anti-cancer effect of un-engineered naïve rat UCMSC on the growth of murine pancreatic ductal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. A mouse peritoneal model was used to test the ability of un-engineered rat UCMSC to control growth of pancreatic cancer. In addition, MTT, direct cell count, [3H] thymidine uptake, and soft agar colony assays were carried out as in vitro studies. Co-culture of rat UCMSC with PAN02 murine pancreatic carcinoma cells (UCMSC:PAN02, 1:6 and 1:3) caused G0/G1 arrest and significantly attenuated the proliferation of PAN02 carcinoma cells as monitored by MTT assay, direct cell counts, and [3H] thymidine uptake assay. Rat UCMSCs also significantly reduced PAN02 colony size and number as measured by soft agar colony assay. The in vivo mouse studies showed that rat UCMSC treatment significantly decreased the peritoneal PAN02 tumor burden 3 weeks after tumor transplantation and increased mouse survival time. Histological study revealed that intraperitoneally administered rat UCMSC survived for at least 3 weeks and the majority were found near or inside the tumor. These results indicate that naïve rat UCMSC alone remarkably attenuate the growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro and in a mouse peritoneal model. Thus, these studies imply that UCMSC could be a potential tool for targeted cytotherapy for pancreatic cancer. This work was supported by Kansas State University (KSU) Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research, KSU College of Veterinary Medicine Dean's fund, Kansas State Legislative Appropriation, NIH P20RR017686, P20RR015563 and R21 CA135599. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3328.
Suspension Cell Culture of Dioscorea deltoidea—A Renewable Source of Biomass and Furostanol Glycosides for Food and Pharmaceutical Industry (2021)

Dioscorea deltoidea is a medicinal plant valued for its high content of steroidal glycosides (SG)—bioactive compounds with cardioprotective and immunomodulation actions, also used to treat reproductive system disorders. To overcome the limitations of natural resources of this species, a suspension cell culture of D. deltoidea was developed as a renewable and ecologically sustainable source of raw biomass and SG. Cell culture demonstrated stable and intensive growth in the laboratory (20 L) and industrial (630 L) bioreactors operated under a semi-continuous regime (specific growth rate 0.11–1.12 day−1, growth index 3.5–3.7). Maximum dry weight accumulation (8.5–8.8 g/L) and SG content (47–57 mg/g DW) were recorded during the stationary phase. Bioreactor-produced cell biomass contained inorganic macro (K, Ca, Mg, Na) and micro (Zn, Mn, Fe, B, Al, Cu, Cr, Se, Co, Ni) elements in concentrations within the safe range of dietary recommendations. Acute toxicity test showed no or insignificant changes in organ weight, hematological panel and blood biochemistry of laboratory animals fed with 2000 and 5000 mg/kg dry biomass. The results suggest that cell culture of D. deltoidea grown in bioreactors has great potential to be used as functional foods and a component of specialized dietary supplements in complex therapy of reproductive system disorders and mineral deficiency.
In Vivo Particle Bombardment and Viral Methods for Specific Cellular and Subcellular Labeling (2011)

We demonstrate bright coherent X-ray supercontinua generated through fully phase-matched upconversion of mid-IR laser light into the keV spectral region. The ultrabroad bandwidths can support pulse durations of few attoseconds, scalable to zeptosecond time scales. Article not available.
Chronic Feline Leukemia Virus Infection Alters Arachidonic Acid Proportions In Vivo and In Vitro (1993)

The polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid ([AA] 20:4n-6), is both the key of the immunoregulatory substances, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, and an essential component of immune cell membrane phospholipids, providing stability and flexibility to ensure cellular function. To explore possible effects of the physiological burden of viral replication in chronic viral infections on AA availability, plasma total esterified fatty acid (FA) proportions were measured in the feline leukemia (FeLV) model. Plasma FA profiles of 12 specific-pathogen-free cats with chronic infections with Rickard strain feline leukemia virus (FeLV-R) were compared with 12 age- and sex-matched uninfected specific-pathogen-free cats at 4 months after infection. A significant decrease from normal of average AA proportion was found in FeLV-R-infected cat plasma, while other major FA (palmitic, stearic, and oleic and omega-3 FA normally remained present until near death. Since plasma FA content rapidly affects circulating immune cell membrane composition and since FeLV infection also targets immune cells, we compared FA profiles of feline T4-thymic lymphoma 3201 cell membranes that were infected with virulent FeLV-R or less virulent FeLV-A, at 20 days after viral inoculation with sham-inoculated uninfected 3201 cells. Significantly altered FA proportions and ratios of saturated to unsaturated FA found in infected cell membranes were similar to plasma FA changes and paralleled the virulence of the FeLV inoculum. Altered postinfection FA proportions may impart serious functional defects to the immune cells of chronic FeLV-infected cats, contributing to the inability of their immune systems to eliminate FeLV by depleted plasma AA stores and modified cell membrane composition. Decreased AA availability may be an important factor in the cachexia and fatal outcome of FeLV infection.
Polymeric Membranes for Oil-Water Separation: A Review (2022)

This review is devoted to the application of bulk synthetic polymers such as polysulfone (PSf), polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for the separation of oil-water emulsions. Due to the high hydrophobicity of the presented polymers and their tendency to be contaminated with water-oil emulsions, methods for the hydrophilization of membranes based on them were analyzed: the mixing of polymers, the introduction of inorganic additives, and surface modification. In addition, membranes based on natural hydrophilic materials (cellulose and its derivatives) are given as a comparison.