gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Dielectric Environment on Electron Transfer Reactions at the Interfaces of Molecular Sensitized Semiconductors in Electrolytes (2020)

Electron transfer theories predict that rates of charge transfer vary with the dielectric properties of the environment where the reaction occurs. An appropriate description of this relation for molecular sensitized semiconductors in electrolytes must account for the restricted geometry of these systems compared to “free” molecules in solution. Here, we explore the extent to which dielectric properties of the surrounding medium can explain the rates of charge transfer processes, measured using transient absorption spectroscopy, involving photo-oxidized thiophene–carbazole-based molecules on oxide semiconductors in inert or redox-active electrolytes. We observe no clear correlation between the activation energy of hole hopping between molecules on oxide surfaces or the recombination rate between photogenerated electrons in the oxide and holes on the adsorbed molecules and the dielectric properties of the surrounding solvent. The activation energy of hole hopping tends to increase with time following initial photogeneration of the holes, which we attribute to energetic disorder in the molecular monolayer. The recombination rate in different solvents scales with the hole hopping rate. It can also be varied by adding inert salts in the electrolyte and by controlling the access of cations in solution to the oxide surface. Finally, we show that fast electron transfer from cobalt complexes to photo-oxidized molecules in solvents with low polarity is verified, but the kinetics are limited by the ionic dissociation. Our study highlights the importance of electronic coupling between the redox-active components and their solvation, besides the reorganization energy and the driving force, in the determination of electron transfer rates at molecular sensitized interfaces in electrolytes.
Free Versus Liposome-Entrapped Ampicillin in Treatment of Infection Due to Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and Atbymic (Nude) Mice (1985)

Efficacy of liposomal as compared with free ampicillin in treatment of infection due to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in normal and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. After intravenous injection the multilamellar vesicles used were taken up mainly by liver and spleen, the target organs of L. monocytogenes. Injection of empty liposomes in two doses of 2 mumol of vesicle lipid each, administered at 40 and 112 hr after bacterial inoculation, did not influence the course of listerial infection in normal and nude mice. In normal mice liposomal entrapment of ampicillin resulted in significant improvement in the antibiotic's therapeutic index. The use of liposomal ampicillin at a total dose of 0.54 mg (two doses of 0.27 mg each) resulted in a therapeutic effect similar to that resulting from a total dose of 48 mg of free ampicillin (eight doses of 6 mg each). However, neither ampicillin treatment schedules cured infections in nude mice.
Optimization of Cooling Systems in Injection Molds by an Easily Applicable Analytical Model (2002)

The production rate of injection-molded articles is determined by the cooling time of the polymer melt in the mold. By using state-of-the-art numerical software the mold design can be optimized in order to achieve fast cooling. However, the efforts required to apply this software do not always justify its use in dealing with the daily design problems. Taking the changing mold wall temperature into account a straightforward analytical procedure for optimizing the cooling channel lay-out for a thermoplastic resin has been developed. The equations in the model can be easily solved by means of a hand-held calculator, thus enabling quick estimates of the effect of relevant parameters on mold design. Results of numerous simulations and a worked-out example illustrate the application of the model which has led to good results in practice.
Preliminary results from the testing of an advanced passive solar still incorporating a shielded condenser (2008)

Histamine H(1)-receptors plays a certain role in spatial cognition, and its action may be due to both histaminergic and cholinergic neurons.
Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Status of Processes and Technologies and Future Perspectives (2012)

Bioethanol 96 several factors: most enzymes are relatively unstable at high temperatures, the costs of enzyme isolation and purification are high and it is quite difficult to recover them from the reaction mixtures. Currently, extensive research is being carried out on cellulases with improved thermostability. These enzymes have high specific activity and increased flexibility. For these reasons they could work at low dosages and the higher working temperatures could speed up the hydrolysis reaction time. As consequence, the overall process costs could be reduced. Thermostable enzymes could play an important role in assisting the liquefaction of concentrated biomass suspensions necessary to achieve ethanol concentrations in the range 4-5 wt%. The immobilization of enzymes has also been proposed to remove some limitations in the enzymatic process The main advantage is an easier recovery and reuse of the catalysts for more reaction loops. Also, enzyme immobilization frequently results in improved thermostability or resistance to shear inactivation and so, in general, it can help to extend the enzymes lifetime. This chapter contains an overview of the lignocellulosic hydrolysis process. Several process issues will be deepened: cellulase enzyme systems and hydrolysis mechanisms of cellulose; commercial mixtures; currents limits in the cellulose hydrolysis; innovative bioprocesses and improved biocatalysts.
Data rate bound for mmWave hybrid beamforming systems with subarrays (2017)

In this paper, we consider single-link mmWave transmission. We investigate the usual hybrid beamforming architecture under an additional constraint on the analog precoding stage. Namely, for practical reasons only partial interconnection between the antennas and the RF chains is allowed. We present a novel upper bound for spectral efficiency under this architecture constraint. We evaluate the tightness of the bound by comparing it to the rate achievable with a proposed practical scheme. Finally, we compare the bound with the channel capacity.
Cavitation Generated by Amplitude Modulated HIFU: Investigation on the Inertial Cavitation Threshold (2007)

An experimental investigation on cavitation threshold was carried out in order to compare monochromatic and dichromatic ultrasound excitations in their ability to generate inertial cavitation on a target. Using a cavitation activity spectral criterion, a precise inertial cavitation threshold could be extracted in every case considered. The results showed that these thresholds could be very different depending on the type of excitation used. More precisely, for the parameters investigated in the present study, the ratio between monochromatic and dichromatic thresholds decreased when cavitation thresholds are increased. The potential application of this study to purely ultrasonic thrombolysis is discussed.
The Effect of Low ATP on Glucose Uptake in Soleus Muscle During Hemorrhagic Shock (1973)

Subclavian arteries of rats were cannulated and the animals were bled rapidly to a pressure of 40 mm Hg and maintained at that level for 2 hr. Glucose uptake by isolated soleus muscles from normal rats and rats which were subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock (“shock muscles”) was the same although ATP levels were significantly lowered in muscles of the latter rats. Whereas shock muscles did not show increased glucose uptake, these muscles still responded to the in vitro effect of anoxia by showing increased glucose uptake, further depletion of ATP and increased lactic acid production. The present experiments indicate that: (a) during severe hemorrhagic shock, there is no cause-effect relationship between glucose uptake and ATP depletion and (b) whatever the mechanism of action of anoxia in promoting glucose uptake in vitro might be, it is quite different from that of in vivo.
MUSCLE ELECTROLYTES IN MAN DETERMINED BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS ON NEEDLE BIOPSY SPECIMENS (1962)

Methods are described whereby very small amounts of alkali and other metals may be accurately assayed in minute tissue samples by submitting them to a neutron flux and, after suitable decay periods, measuring certain isotopes so formed. (BBB)
Using Matching Pursuit for Estimating Mixing Time Within Room Impulse Responses (2009)

In Room Acoustics, the quantity that fully describes the hall is a set of room impulse responses (RIRs), which are composed of the succession of arrivals (i.e., some sound rays which have undergone one or more reflections on their way from the source to the receiver). The mixing time is defined as the time it takes for initially adjacent sound rays to spread uniformly across the room. This paper proposes to investigate the temporal distribution of arrivals and the estimation of mixing time. A method based on maxima of correlations (Matching Pursuit) between the source impulse and the RIR allows to estimate in practice arrivals. This paper compares the cumulative distribution function of arrivals of experimental and synthesized RIRs (using a stochastic model). The mixing time is estimated when the arrival density becomes constant. The dependence of mixing time upon the distance source/receiver is investigated with measured and synthesized RIRs.
Practical considerations for non-blocking concurrent objects (2002)

An important class of concurrent objects are those that are nonblocking, that is, whose operations are not contained within mutually exclusive critical sections. A nonblocking object can be accessed by many threads at a time, yet update protocols based on atomic compare-and-swap operations can be used to guarantee the object's consistency. The author examines the compare-and-swap operation in the content of contemporary bus-based shared memory multiprocessors, although the results generalize to distributed shared memory multiprocessors. He describes an operating system-based solution that permits the construction of a nonblocking compare-and-swap function on architectures that only support more primitive atomic primitives such as test-and-set or atomic exchange. Several locking strategies are evaluated that can be used to synthesize a compare-and-swap operation, and it is shown that the common techniques for reducing synchronization overhead in the presence of contention are inappropriate when used as the basis for nonblocking synchronization. A simple synchronization strategy is described that has good performance because it avoids much of the synchronization overhead that normally occurs when there is contention.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Parents Matter: Associations of Parental BMI and Feeding Behaviors With Child BMI in Brazilian Preschool and School-Aged Children (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Brazil is undergoing nutritional transition and rates of obesity in preschool and school-aged children are increasing. Excess weight in the first years of life could predict excess weight in adulthood, making it essential to study risk factors in this population. <b>Objective:</b> Our goal was to investigate associations of parent feeding behaviors, as well as more distal familial influences including family SES and maternal and paternal weight, with BMI <i>z</i>-score in preschool and school-aged children in a Brazilian sample. <b>Methods:</b> Cross-sectional study. Data were collected in 14 Brazilian private schools. Parents of children aged 2-8 years (<i>n</i> = 1,071) completed a questionnaire assessing parent feeding behaviors, as well as sociodemographic and anthropometric information. Hierarchical linear regression models were fitted to investigate relationships between parent and child characteristics and child BMI <i>z</i>-score in preschool (2-5 years, <i>n</i> = 397) and school-aged (6-8 years, <i>n</i> = 618) children. <b>Results:</b> Final models indicated that higher maternal BMI and "restriction for weight control" were associated with higher child BMI <i>z</i>-score in both age groups (excessive weight, i.e., BMI ≥ +1 <i>z</i>-score, in preschoolers and school-aged children: 24.4 and 35.9%, respectively). In preschoolers only, "healthy eating guidance" and "pressure" were associated with lower child BMI <i>z</i>-score. For school-aged children, male sex, higher father BMI, and "restriction for health" were associated with higher child BMI <i>z</i>-score. <b>Conclusions:</b> Parent feeding behaviors and parent weight, as well as child sex, are associated with child BMI <i>z</i>-score, with evidence for differential relationships in preschool and school-aged children. Optimal obesity prevention and treatment strategies may differ by child age.
Spin-coated zinc oxide transparent transistors (2003)

A ZnO transparent thin-film transistor (TTFT) with a channel layer formed via spin-coating deposition is demonstrated. The TTFT is highly transparent and exhibits n-channel, enhancement-mode behaviour with a channel mobility as large as 0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a drain current on-to-off ratio of nearly 107.
PDK1 regulation of mTOR and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 integrate metabolism and migration of CD8+ T cells (2012)

mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) controls transcriptional programs that determine CD8+ cytolytic T cell (CTL) fate. In some cell systems, mTORC1 couples phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and Akt to the control of glucose uptake and glycolysis. However, PI3K-Akt-independent mechanisms control glucose metabolism in CD8+ T cells, and the role of mTORC1 has not been explored. The present study now demonstrates that mTORC1 activity in CD8+ T cells is not dependent on PI3K or Akt but is critical to sustain glucose uptake and glycolysis in CD8+ T cells. We also show that PI3K- and Akt-independent pathways mediated by mTORC1 regulate the expression of HIF1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) transcription factor complex. This mTORC1-HIF1 pathway is required to sustain glucose metabolism and glycolysis in effector CTLs and strikingly functions to couple mTORC1 to a diverse transcriptional program that controls expression of glucose transporters, multiple rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes, cytolytic effector molecules, and essential chemokine and adhesion receptors that regulate T cell trafficking. These data reveal a fundamental mechanism linking nutrient and oxygen sensing to transcriptional control of CD8+ T cell differentiation.
Developing of risk models for small solid and subsolid pulmonary nodules based on clinical and quantitative radiomics features (2021)

Predictive models based on both clinical and radiomics features can be used to assess the malignancy of small solid and subsolid pulmonary nodules, even for nodules that are 10 mm or smaller.
Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bone Cements (CPCs): Applications, Antibiotic Release and Alternatives to Antibiotics (2012)

Calcium orthophosphate bone cements (CPCs) are widely used in orthopedic surgery. Implants are highly susceptible to infection and often lead to the formation of microbial biofilms. Antibiotics are often incorporated into bone cement to prevent infection. The increase in the number of microorganisms acquiring or developing resistance to antibiotics, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), is a major concern. Bacteriocins (antimicrobial peptides) offer an alternative to antibiotics. Their mode of activity involves permanent destabilization of the plasma membrane of target cells. A number of broad-spectrum bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. have recently been reported. In this REVIEW the major characteristics of calcium phosphate bone cements, prosthetic joint-associated infections, and treatment of these infections is discussed. The role of antimicrobial agents in CPCs is discussed and the possibility of incorporating bacteriocins in prosthetic devices is investigated.
Role of the polymorphic IL‐1B, IL‐1RN and TNF‐A genes in distal gastric cancer in Mexico (2004)

Several cytokine gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk of distal gastric cancer (GC) and its precursor histological markers in Caucasian, Asian and Portuguese populations although little is known about their role in other ethnic groups. Our study investigates the role of the IL-1B-31, IL-1RN and TNF-A-308 gene polymorphisms as risk factors for the development of GC in a Mexican population. We studied 278 patients who were enrolled at the Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. Sixty-three patients with histologically confirmed distal GC (mean age = 58.8 years, range = 22-84, F:M = 0.56), and 215 patients with no evidence of distal or proximal GC (mean age = 56.1 years, range = 18-92, F:M = 1.17). The IL-1B-31 and the TNF-A-308 polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP and pyrosequencing, respectively, in all cases and controls. The VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the 1L-1RN gene was typed by PCR in 25 cases and 201 controls. The H. pylori status was determined by histology, rapid urease test, culture and serology for non-cancer controls and by histology for the GC cases. The carriage of the proinflammatory IL-1B-31*C allele was associated with increased risk of distal GC (odds ratio [OR] = 7.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73-46.94, p = 0.003). When cases and controls were matched by age and gender, the OR value was higher (OR = 8.05, 95% CI = 1.8-50.22, p = 0.001). When only H. pylori GC cases and controls were compared, the OR value was 7.8 (95% CI = 1.05-161.8, p = 0.04). No association was found between any of the other polymorphisms studied and distal GC. In this Mexican population, the IL-1B proinflammatory genotype increases the risk of distal GC. These findings are similar to previous reports in Caucasian populations and underscore the importance of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the development of distal GC.
Associations of vegetable and fruit consumption with age-related cognitive change (2006)

High vegetable but not fruit consumption may be associated with slower rate of cognitive decline with older age.
Radio Propagation Characteristics-based Spoofing Attack Prevention on Wireless Connected Devices (2019)

A spoofing attack is a critical issue in wireless communication in which a malicious transmitter outside a system attempts to be genuine. As a countermeasure against this, we propose a device-authentication method based on position identification using radio-propagation characteristics (RPCs). Not depending on information processing such as encryption technology, this method can be applied to sensing devices etc. which commonly have many resource restrictions. We call the space from which attacks achieve success as the “attack space.” In order to confine the attack space inside of the target system to prevent spoofing attacks from the outside, formulation of the relationship between combinations of transceivers and the attack space is necessary. In this research, we consider two RPCs, the received signal strength ratio (RSSR) and the time difference of arrival (TDoA), and construct the attack-space model which uses these RPCs simultaneously. We take a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) as a case study of this method and execute a security evaluation based on radio-wave-propagation simulation. The simulation results assuming multiple noise environments all indicate that it is possible to eliminate the attack possibility from a distant location.
Mapping user-level QoS to system-level QoS and resources in a distributed lecture-on-demand system (2003)

Information repositories and database systems that combine time-independent and time-dependent data will be an integral element of the future information infrastructure. A seamless integration-especially with respect to QoS-of (multimedia) database systems is of central importance. Furthermore, response times are very important for these systems, but the particular QoS to be supported and the amount of needed resources depend on the query result. Thus, QoS negotiation and resource reservation can only be performed after the query result is known. In our solution, we extract QoS related information from the meta-data and use this knowledge for QoS guided query processing, QoS negotiation between multimedia database system and multimedia object request broker, and for early resource reservation. This approach enables us to select an optimal middleware configuration and to allocate the appropriate amount of resources in all system components without increasing initial response times.
Management of untreatable ventricular arrhythmias during pharmacologic challenges with sodium channel blockers for suspected Brugada syndrome (2017)

Pharmacologic challenge with sodium channel blockers is part of the diagnostic workout in patients with suspected Brugada syndrome. The test is overall considered safe but both ajmaline and flecainide detain well known pro-arrhythmic properties. Moreover, the treatment of patients with life-threatening arrhythmias during these diagnostic procedures is not well defined. Current consensus guidelines suggest to adopt cautious protocols interrupting the sodium channel blockers as soon as any ECG alteration appears. Nevertheless, the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias persists, even adopting a safe and cautious protocol and in absence of major arrhythmic risk factors. The authors revise the main published case studies of sodium channel blockers challenge in adults and in children, and summarize three cases of untreatable ventricular arrhythmias discussing their management. In particular, the role of advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation is stressed as it can reveal to be the only reliable lifesaving facility in prolonged cardiac arrest.
Therapeutic Use of Albumin (1980)

Pharmacy, Medical, and Psychiatric Services, Veterans Administration Hospital, and Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Erection and Ejaculation in Man. Assessment of the Electromyographic Activity of the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus Muscles (1990)

Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained by concentric needle electrodes from the bulbocavernosus (BC) and ischiocavernosus (IC) muscles in 7 human volunteers during excitement to erection and subsequent ejaculation. Simultaneous registration of the time course and volume of each expressed spurt of semen was obtained using an aluminium pan suspended in front of the subject's penis on a force transducer the output of which was charted with the EMG activity. The BC and IC muscles showed no EMG activity during erection and detumescence cycles induced by visual sex stimulation. In 5 of 7 subjects, the first EMG burst of the BC in ejaculations induced by masturbation was not correlated with an expelled spurt of semen as were subsequent bursts. However, only 26 to 60% of the total number of EMG bursts were accompanied by expulsion of a spurt of semen. There thus appears to be a large safety factor in the striated muscle expulsive mechanism. Oral phenoxybenzamine treatment in 2 subjects did not significantly affect either the number of EMG bursts of the BC or the subjective pleasure of the orgasm but did significantly reduce the volume of semen expelled. Semen volume does not appear to be a unique determinant of the pleasure felt or the trigger for ejaculation.
Preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: post hoc analysis of pooled data from two randomized active-controlled trials of aprepitant (2007)

These post hoc analyses confirm the favorable efficacy profile of aprepitant for the prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting.