gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The motilin receptor antagonist TZP-201 is highly effective in the control of irinotecan induced diarrhea in beagle dogs (2007)

C244 Background: Acute diarrhea is a frequent and serious side-effect of cancer chemotherapy. Treatment with loperamide or octreotide, the current standards of care, shows symptomatic relief only in a fraction of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the motilin antagonist TZP-201 in the control of diarrhea as induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy in dogs.  Methods: Diarrhea was induced in groups (N=3) of male Marshall Beagle dogs by intravenous bolus injection of irinotecan (Camptosar ® ; 6 mg/kg/day) for two treatment cycles of up to 5 consecutive days, separated by a 9-Day wash-out period. Irinotecan treatment was discontinued as soon as diarrhea was recorded in one animal of the group, and dogs were continuously treated with TZP-201 (2 x 2.5 mg/kg/day or 2 x 7.5 mg/kg/day infused over 45 min each), loperamide (3 x 0.06 mg/kg/day po) or octreotide (3 x 0.007 mg/kg/day sc). Stool consistency was recorded for up to 28 days. Stools were characterized as normal (Grade 1), loose (Grade 2), liquid (Grade 3) or liquid containing mucous and/or blood (Grade 4). At the end of treatment, dogs were sacrificed and selected GI tissues examined histologically.  Results: Irinotecan induced severe diarrhea in each group within 4 consecutive days of administration, and one dog in each group succumbed to Grade 4 diarrhea. During the first treatment cycle, TZP-201 at 15/mg/kg/day was more efficacious in reducing acute diarrhea than at 5 mg/kg/day. On Day 8 of the treatment, both TZP-201 doses had reduced diarrhea to an average score of 1.5, while loperamide and octreotide treatment resulted in an average score of 3 (score being average of the Grades for each surviving dog within a group on any given day). On days 9 and 11 of treatment, stool consistency was normalized in dogs treated with TZP-201 at 15 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively, whereas dogs treated with loperamide or octreotide displayed an average score of 2. High-dose TZP-201 completely prevented induction of diarrhea during the second treatment cycle with irinotecan over 5 days and during the subsequent wash-out period up to study Day 28, whereas low-dose TZP-201 or loperamide animals (octreotide was not tested in the second cycle) developed Grade 3 diarrhea as early as on treatment Day 1 with persistence or recurrence up to 3 days after cessation of irinotecan administration. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, TZP-201 deserves further evaluation as a novel treatment option for the effective management of chemotherapy induced diarrhea.
Conference 13–15 July 1981: The Economic and Social Development of Libya in the Late Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries (1981)

A three day conference jointly sponsored by the Society and the Middle East Centre of the School of Oriental and African Studies was held in London in July. The main purpose of the meeting was to review the development experience of the past century and to discuss the economic and social impact of the policies and investments of the numerous governments of Libya in the period. A secondary purpose was to bring together students of modern Libyan studies many of whom had not met each other before. Some 33 papers were prepared for the meeting including an inaugural lecture delivered by Professor Emrys Peters (University of Manchester) and a contribution by Dr Graeme Barker representing the Society, which placed current development experience in a broad historical context. The range of topics treated in the formal sessions was extremely wide and if there was one theme which emerged it was that there has been a tendency for Libyan administrations, new to their role in managing natural resources, to overestimate the country's agricultural potential. Over ninety people attended the meetings including twelve from Libya and most attended the dinner on the final evening kindly provided by the Libyan Bureau in London. Copies of the conference programme and abstracts are available from the secretary, and a limited number of the papers can be provided for members as long as stocks last. Arrangements are being made to publish most of the papers in English in London and it is hoped that papers for the third day of the conference, dealing with the period after independence, will also be published in France.
Worksite and family education for dietary change: the Treatwell 5-a-Day program (1998)

The National Cancer Institute's '5-a-Day for Better Health Campaign is examining the efficacy of interventions in increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables to five or more servings a day. This paper presents the study design, intervention and baseline survey results of the Treatwell 5-a-Day project, a randomized, controlled worksite-based intervention study. Twenty-two community health centers were randomly assigned to either a Minimal Intervention, Worksite Intervention or Worksite Plus Family Intervention. The Worksite Intervention included participation of employee advisory boards, programs aimed at individual behavior change and programs aimed at changes in the worksite environment. The Worksite Plus Family Intervention incorporated family-focused interventions into the worksite program, including a learn-at-home program, family newsletter, family festival and materials mailings. A self-administered survey was conducted prior to randomization (mean response rate: 87%, n = 1359). Twenty-three percent reported consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was directly associated with level of household support for healthy eating. The Treatwell 5-a-Day intervention model has the potential to enhance existing worksite-based intervention through incorporation of its family focus, especially given the association of household support with individual eating habits.
Prestack phase-shift migration of separate offsets (2000)

Abstract Prestack phase-shift migration is implemented by evaluating the offset-wavenumber (kh) integral using the stationary-phase method. Thus, the stationary point along kh must be calculated prior to applying the phase shift. This type of implementation allows for migration of separate offsets, as opposed to migration of the whole prestack data when using the original formulas. For zero-offset data, the stationary point (kh − 0) is known in advance, and, therefore, the phase-shift migration can be implemented directly. For nonzero-offset data, we first evaluate the kh that corresponds to the stationary point solution either numerically or through analytical approximations. The insensitivity of the phase to kh around the stationary point solution (its maximum) implies that even an imperfect kh obtained analytically can go a long way to getting an accurate image. In transversely isotropic media, the analytical solutions of the stationary point (kh) include more approximations than those corresponding to isotropic media (i.e., approximations corresponding to weaker anisotropy). Nevertheless, the resultant equations, obtained using Shanks transform and perturbation theory, produce accurate migration signatures for strong anisotropy (η ≈ 0.3) and even large offset-to-depth ratios (&amp;gt;2). The analytical solutions are particularly accurate in predicting the nonhyperbolic moveout behavior associated with anisotropic media, a key ingredient to performing an accurate nonhyperbolic moveout inversion for strongly anisotropic media. Although the prestack correction achieved using the phase-shift method can also be obtained using a cascade of NMO correction, dip-moveout (DMO) correction, and zero-offset time migration, the prestack approach can handle sharper velocity models more efficiently. In addition, the resulting operator is sharper than that obtained from the DMO method. Synthetic, including the Marmousi, data applications of the proposed prestack migration demonstrate its usefulness.
Determining Optimal Rates for Communication for Omniscience (2016)

This paper considers the communication for omniscience (CO) problem: A set of users observe a discrete memoryless multiple source and want to recover the entire multiple source via noise-free broadcast communications. We study the problem of how to determine an optimal rate vector that attains omniscience with the minimum sum-rate, the total number of communications. The results cover both asymptotic and non-asymptotic models where the transmission rates are real and integral, respectively. We propose a modified decomposition algorithm (MDA) and a sum-rate increment algorithm (SIA) for the asymptotic and non-asymptotic models, respectively, both of which determine the value of the minimum sum-rate and a corresponding optimal rate vector in polynomial time. For the coordinate saturation capacity (CoordSatCap) algorithm, a nesting algorithm in MDA and SIA, we propose to implement it by a fusion method and show by experimental results that this fusion method contributes to a reduction in computation complexity. Finally, we show that the separable convex minimization problem over the optimal rate vector set in the asymptotic model can be decomposed by the fundamental partition, the optimal partition of the user set that determines the minimum sum-rate, so that the problem can be solved more efficiently.
Diblock polyampholytes at the silicon-water interface: Adsorption as a function of block ratio and molecular weight (2001)

Polyampholytes are highly charged macromolecules carrying oppositely charged functional groups. This article reports on the adsorption of a weak diblock polyampholyte, poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], as a function of the copolymer composition and molecular weight. The adsorption experiments were performed on silicon substrates from aqueous polymer solutions at different pHs. The amount of adsorbed polyampholyte chains to the surface was determined by ellipsometry, whereas lateral structures were investigated by scanning force microscopy. A strong influence of pH on the adsorbed amount and the lateral structure formation at the surface was observed. Especially at the isoelectric point, drastic changes in adsorption behavior were detected. At low molecular weights, an increased adsorbed amount was detected, a behavior in contrast to common theoretical predictions. This phenomenon is explained by the high stability of absorbed micelles, which cover the silicon surface as a dense layer. We conclude that micelle formation is an important process for polyampholyte adsorption, which needs to be taken into account more explicitly. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 709–718, 2001
Electroacoustic determination of size and zeta potential of casein micelles in skim milk (1996)

Summary Measurements of the zeta potential and particle size of casein micelles in skim milk suspensions at natural and lower pH have been made using the technique of electroacoustics. This technique requires no dilution or change of environment of the casein micelles. The zeta potential obtained at natural pH for a commercial skim milk suspension was −18 mV; it became less negative with decreasing pH. The median particle size observed at natural pH for a commercial skim milk suspension was 0·2 εm, in good agreement with previously reported values. The particle size increased as the pH was decreased.
Gingerol Metabolite and a Synthetic Analogue Capsarol™ Inhibit Macrophage NF-κB-Mediated iNOS Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity (2006)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with beneficial effects reported in numerous diseases, including inflammation. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a proinflammatory enzyme responsible for the generation of nitric oxide (NO), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Gingerols, the main pungent principles of ginger, have anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. In this study we examine the inhibitory effect of a stable [6]-gingerol metabolite, RAC-[6]-dihydroparadol ([6]-DHP) and a closely related gingerol analogue, RAC-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodecan-3-one [a capsaicin/gingerol (Capsarol) analogue referred to as ZTX42] on NO production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and protein expression levels in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Both ZTX42 and [6]-DHP significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC (50) of 1.45 +/- 0.03 microM and 7.24 +/- 0.22 microM, respectively (P < 0.05). Although both compounds partially inhibited the catalytic activity of iNOS, their inhibitory effect was predominantly due to attenuation of iNOS protein production. This occurred at the transcriptional level, since the gingerol compounds decreased LPS-induced IkappaB-alpha degradation, prevented nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 and reduced NF-kappaB activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results show that ZTX42 and [6]-DHP suppress NO production in murine macrophages by partially inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity and reducing iNOS protein production, via attenuation of NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS gene expression, providing a rationale for the anti-inflammatory activity reported for this class of compounds.
Translocation of bioactive peptides across cell membranes by carbon nanotubesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: details of the synthesis and characterization, cell culture, TEM, epifluorescence and confocal microscopy images of CNTs 1, 2 and fluorescein. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b311254c/ (2003)

Functionalised carbon nanotubes are able to cross the cell membrane and to accumulate in the cytoplasm or reach the nucleus without being toxic for the cell up to 10 [micro sign]M.
New possibilities for weld assessment using inverse wavefield extrapolation (2013)

New technological capabilities in both girth weld Non Destructive Testing (NDT) and girth weld material characterization open the door for new ways of weld assessment. The paper gives examples of new technologies currently being developed in NDT and investigates how these technologies could add value, in the field, on weld testing and assessment. The guiding principle in this investigation is that the data gathered in NDT should be sufficient for making an engineering decision. It will be argued that this is not currently the case as NDT is now used in a qualitative check on the welding process rather than a quantitative information source on the weld strength.An overview of technologies like Inverse Wave Extrapolation (IWEX), Full Matrix Capture (FMC), and Sampling Phased Array (SPA) will be given. These technologies show promise to increase the quality of data received from Automated Ultrasonic Testing (AUT) of pipeline girth weld. The most important improvement is that an image of the defect is generated, in three dimensions, which allows for improved assessment of the impact of detected flaws on the weld strength. The paper will then show how these new capabilities could be combined with new technology in material testing and finite element calculations, which has specific value for strain based pipeline designs. The result is a vision on the future of girth weld assessment.
Impact of polyclonal antithymocyte globulins on kidney transplant outcomes in real-life: a propensity score analysis (2020)

Abstract Background: Randomized studies reported a marginal superiority of polyclonal antithymocyte globulins (ATG, Thymoglobulin®, Sanofi, Gentilly, France, or Fresenius®, Bad Homburg, Germany) to prevent acute rejection compared to monoclonal anti-CD25 antibodies (IL2Ra). Nevertheless, the representativeness and the generalizability of these studies are questionable. Methods: We studied the impact of ATG use in real-life conditions in a multicenter study. Propensity score analysis was performed to address potential confounding by indication. Results: 817 patients were included. Logistic regression revealed that age, male gender, a pre-transplant history of cancer, presence of anti-HLA antibodies, previous kidney transplantation, and transplant center were associated with ATG use. The area under the curve of the propensity score was 0.84 + 0.02. ATG use was not associated with a lower rate of acute rejection (18.2% in ATG-treated patients vs 15.8% in non-ATG-treated patients, p =0.356). Adjustment for propensity score slightly modified the relationship between ATG and acute rejection towards a more neutral effect ( p =0.913). Score match analysis recapitulated the previous result. ATG use was associated with the occurrence of opportunistic infection ( p =0.034). There was no difference in graft loss or death between the two groups. Conclusions: In real-life conditions, ATG does not substantially reduce the risk of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. A better discrimination of patients who may benefit from ATG is required.
Studies on the Removal of Endogenous Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Activity from Rat Liver Microsomes (1967)

Abstract Rat liver microsomes preincubated for 12 min with all the factors necessary for amino acid incorporation do not incorporate phenylalanine in the absence of polyuridylic acid. In the presence of polyuridylic acid, preincubated microsomes show a 3- to 4-fold greater polyuridylic acid-directed phenylalanine incorporation than nonpreincubated microsomes. By varying preincubation time, temperature, and magnesium ion, adenosine triphosphate, or guanosine triphosphate concentration, the amount of phenylalanine incorporated during preincubation and the phenylalanine-incorporating activity remaining after preincubation are altered. Under these various conditions the response of preincubated microsomes to polyuridylic acid is shown to be directly related to the amount of amino acid incorporated during preincubation and inversely related to the amino acid-incorporating activity remaining after preincubation. Preincubated microsomes are more sensitive to low levels of polyuridylic acid and require higher levels of polyuridylic acid to saturate their capacity to incorporate phenylalanine. Furthermore, preincubated microsomes from which endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid activity has been removed bind greater amounts of polyuridylic acid.
Modeling of Transmitted Ultrasonic Signals Through Bonded Aluminum Skin (2003)

To understand the variation of the ultrasonic signal amplitude transmitted through adhesively bonded aluminum skins, the transmission coefficient of the multilayered system were calculated. Using the model and the input signal used in the test, the transmitted signals for different metal and bondline thicknesses were predicted and compared with test results. The amplitude and spectrum of the transmitted signals were found to depend sensitively on the adhesive bond thickness. The model can actually serve as a way to determine the bondline thickness by seeking an agreement between the modeled and measured frequency spectrum of the transmitted signal.
Cartesian Tree Matching and Indexing (2019)

We introduce a new metric of match, called Cartesian tree matching, which means that two strings match if they have the same Cartesian trees. Based on Cartesian tree matching, we define single pattern matching for a text of length n and a pattern of length m, and multiple pattern matching for a text of length n and k patterns of total length m. We present an O(n+m) time algorithm for single pattern matching, and an O((n+m) log k) deterministic time or O(n+m) randomized time algorithm for multiple pattern matching. We also define an index data structure called Cartesian suffix tree, and present an O(n) randomized time algorithm to build the Cartesian suffix tree. Our efficient algorithms for Cartesian tree matching use a representation of the Cartesian tree, called the parent-distance representation.
P5141Biopsy-based diagnosis in a large cohort of 2822 consecutive patients with unexplained heart failure (2017)

Background:The diagnosis of unexplained heart failure is challenging.The current expert consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) maintains that endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) remain the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of unexplained heart muscle diseases.However, EMB is used infrequently, although histology, immunohistochemical, and molecularbiological analysis of EMB is a prerequisite to make an etiology-driven diagnosis with the aim to identify those patients in whom specific therapy would be appropriate.Methods and results: We enrolled n=2822 consecutive patients with unexplained heart failure (2034 men/ 788 women, mean age 51.44±16.04years) from January 2014 to August 2016, who underwent EMB.The suspected diagnosis had been made by clinicians.EMBs were send to a FDA-proved laboratory (Institute for Cardiac Diagnostic and Therapy Berlin, Germany).Analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, molecular virology, and gene profiling.In n=810 patients the suspected diagnosis was acute myocarditis, in 1772 patients myocarditis or inflammatory/dilated cardiomyopathy was suspected.In n=240 patients a storage disorder was suspected.Based on EMB-results in 58.9% (n=1664 patients) a specific heart muscle disease could be diagnosed.In particular, Coxsackie-Adenovirus genomes were present in n=44, Ebstein-Barr-Virus in n=77, Human-herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) in n=426 (including 21 patients with chromosomal integrated (ci) HHV6), and erythrovirus with active viral replication (positive mRNA) in n=649 patients.Virus-negative intramyocardial inflammation was present in n=810 patients, including a histologically-proven active myocarditis in n=64.Histological proof of giant cells was present in n=20 patients.However, in n=133 patients idiopathic giant cell myocarditis or eosinophilic myocarditis was diagnosed by analysis of myocardial gene expression profile.116 patients showed evidence of cardiac storage disease.Conclusions: Based on EMB-results in 58.9% of this large cohort of patients a specific heart muscle disease could be diagnosed.These aetiology-driven diagnoses implicate a specific, causal therapy.Our data clearly show the necessity of an EMB-based diagnosis, which has a direct clinical consequence regarding a specific therapy in a notable high percentage of patients with unexplained heart failure.
ReviewMicrobial Attack on Sulphur-Containing Hydrocarbons: Implications for the Biodesulphurisation of Oils and Coals (1996)

The literature covered by this review deals with microbiological attack on organic sulphur-containing hydrocarbons, often represented by the model heterocyclic compound, dibenzothiophene. The objective of most research in this area is to find suitable biocatalysts for removal at the industrial scale of organic sulphur from fossil fuels. Ideally, microbes for desulphurisation should attack the sulphur in hydrocarbons without altering the carbon skeleton or affecting other valuable components of the oil or coal. Organisms able to cleave carbon—sulphur bonds releasing sulphur atoms (as sulphate in aerobic mechanisms or hydrogen sulphide in anaerobic processes) appear to fulfil these requirements. Biodesulphurisation mechanisms which convert sulphur heterocycles into water-soluble oxidation products could cause the loss of the hydrocarbons associated with the sulphur hetero atom from the bulk fuel. Biodesulphurisation is biologically possible and practically attainable at the laboratory scale. The development of microbial processes for removing organic sulphur from oils and coals is as yet unproven and is unlikely to be economic.