gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Lung Nodules Using CT Images Based on Texture Features and Fractal Dimension Transformation (2019)

A new computer-aided detection (CAD) system for lung nodule detection and selection in computed tomography scans is substantiated and implemented. The method consists of the following stages: preprocessing based on threshold and morphological filtration, the formation of suspicious regions of interest using a priori information, the detection of lung nodules by applying the fractal dimension transformation, the computation of informative texture features for identified lung nodules, and their classification by applying the SVM and AdaBoost algorithms. A physical interpretation of the proposed CAD system is given, and its block diagram is constructed. The simulation results based on the proposed CAD method demonstrate advantages of the new approach in terms of standard criteria, such as sensitivity and the false-positive rate.
Fabrication of laminated and coated Nafion 117 membranes for reduced mass transfer in microbial fuel cells (2016)

Sulfonation of polyvinylidinefluoride (PVdF) with chlorosulfonic acid for 2 hours revealed a respective 33% degree of sulfonation (DS) in a SPVdF membrane.
Two-Tier Multi-Access Partial Computation Offloading via NOMA: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Energy Minimization (2022)

Multi-access edge computing has been considered as a promising solution for enabling computation-intensive yet latency-sensitive applications at resource-constrained wireless devices (WDs). To improve the spectrum efficiency for multi-WD computation offloading, this paper considers non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted two-tier multi-access edge computing scenario, which exploits the computation resources of both the edge servers (ESs) and the cloudlet server (CS) deployed at different tiers. In particular, the WDs can offload partial workloads to different ESs simultaneously via NOMA, and the ESs can form a NOMA-group to further offload partially received workloads to the CS for processing. We investigate the total energy consumption minimization problem by jointly optimizing the two-tier offloading decisions, the NOMA transmission duration, and the computation resource allocation. Due to the successive interference cancellation in the NOMA and the coupling effect in two-tier offloading, the formulated optimization problem is strictly non-convex. To address this difficulty, we exploit the hierarchical relationship among the joint optimization variables, and then propose a hybrid deep reinforcement learning (HDRL) algorithm to learn two policies that determine the coupled variables, i.e., the ESs' offloading decisions and the NOMA transmission duration, respectively. Then, the remaining decision variables can be jointly optimized by using the convex optimization methods directly based on the results provided by the HDRL algorithm. Specifically, the HDRL algorithm that uses different policies to determine the coupled variables can converge faster than the existing solutions that learn a single policy to determine all variables. Experimental results are provided to validate the performance of our proposed HDRL algorithm in comparison with two other learning-based algorithms.
Homologous prime-boost immunization with live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg and its preventive efficacy against experimental challenge with various strains of S. Senftenberg (2016)

Although single immunization with JOL1587 showed a reduction in the fecal shedding of challenge strains, only the homologous prime-boost immunization strategy provided an adequate immune response for increased protection against all four challenge strains of S. Senftenberg from the feces of chickens.
Comparison and Evaluation of the T-Lohi MAC for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (2008)

This paper introduces T-Lohi, a new class of distributed and energy-efficient media-access protocols (MAC) for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSN). MAC design for UWSN faces significant challenges. For example, acoustic communication suffers from latencies five orders-of-magnitude larger than radio communication, so a naive CSMA MAC would require very long listen time resulting in low throughput and poor energy efficiency. In this paper, we first identify unique characteristics in underwater networking that may affect all MACs, such as space-time uncertainty and deafness conditions. We then develop T-Lohi employing a novel tone-based contention resolution mechanism that exploits space-time uncertainty and high latency to detect collisions and count contenders, achieving good throughput across all offered loads. T-Lohi exploits a low-power wake-up receiver to significantly reduce energy consumption. We evaluate design choices and protocol performance through extensive simulation. Finally, we compare T-Lohi against a few canonical MAC protocols. The results show that the energy cost of packet transmission is within 3-9% of optimal, and that Lohi achieves good channel utilization, within 30% utilization of the theoretical maximum. We also show that Lohi is stable and fair under both low and very high offered loads. Finally, we compare Lohi with other alternatives, including TDMA, CSMA, and ALOHA. Except for TDMA under heavy load, Lohi provides the best utilization in all cases, and it is always the most energy efficient.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Novel Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Locus at 19q13 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from A Novel Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Locus at 19q13
Fracture Risk in Men and Women With Vertebral Fractures Identified Opportunistically on Routine Computed Tomography Scans and Not Treated for Osteoporosis: An Observational Cohort Study (2023)

Vertebral fractures (VFs) have been associated with future fractures, yet few studies have evaluated whether this pertains to VFs available for identification on routine radiological imaging. We sought to evaluate the risk of subsequent fractures in subjects with VF identified opportunistically on computed tomography (CT) scans performed as part of routine clinical practice. From the radiology database of Holbæk Hospital we identified the first CT scan including the thorax and/or abdomen of 2000 consecutive men and women aged 50 years or older, performed from January 1, 2010 onward. The scans were assessed in a blinded approach to identify chest and lumbar VF, and these data linked to national Danish registers. Subjects were excluded if treated with an osteoporosis medication (OM) in the year prior to baseline (date of CT), and the remaining subjects with VF matched on age and sex in 1:2 ratio against subjects with no VF. We found that the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (hip, non-cervical vertebral, humerus, and distal forearm fractures) was higher for subjects with VF than without VF: incidence rates (IRs) were 32.88 and 19.59 fractures per 1000 subject-years, respectively, and the adjusted hazard ratio (HR<sub>adj</sub>) was 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.86). Subsequent hip fracture IRs were 16.75 and 6.60; HR<sub>adj</sub> 3.02 (95% CI, 1.39-6.55). There were no significant differences in other fracture outcomes (including a pooled estimate of any subsequent fracture, except face, skull, and fingers: IRs 41.52 and 31.38; HR<sub>adj</sub> 1.31 [95% CI, 0.85-2.03]). Our findings suggest that subjects undergoing routine CT scans including the chest and/or abdomen are a high risk population in terms of fracture risk. Even within this group, subjects with VF are at higher risk of future major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), in particular hip fracture. Hence, systematic opportunistic screening for VF and subsequent fracture risk management is important to reduce the risk of new fractures. © 2023 The Authors. <i>JBMR Plus</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Measurement of the absolute energy level and hyperfine structure of the ^87Rb 4D_5/2 state: erratum (2015)

In our previous Letter [Opt. Lett.32, 2810 (2007)] an error was made regarding the polarization configuration for the L1 and L2 lasers. That error is corrected here.
Examining Culture from Both Sides of the Pond (1999)

SUMMARY Certainly the world has become a much smaller place and business today does take place in a global market. Business activities, however, still take place through and with people. European and U.S. academics have taken different approaches to the study of culture. Each provides a unique perspective; together they provide greater understanding of why the differences occur and how successful adaptation can occur. This integrated perspective is necessary for successfully managing the paradox of how to employ effective marketing strategies in the face of both increasing globalization and increasing emphasis on cultural identity.
Graphene Nanopore with a Self-Integrated Optical Antenna (2014)

We report graphene nanopores with integrated optical antennae. We demonstrate that a nanometer-sized heated spot created by photon-to-heat conversion of a gold nanorod resting on a graphene membrane forms a nanoscale pore with a self-integrated optical antenna in a single step. The distinct plasmonic traits of metal nanoparticles, which have a unique capability to concentrate light into nanoscale regions, yield the significant advantage of parallel nanopore fabrication compared to the conventional sequential process using an electron beam. Tunability of both the nanopore dimensions and the optical characteristics of plasmonic nanoantennae are further achieved. Finally, the key optical function of our self-integrated optical antenna on the vicinity of graphene nanopore is manifested by multifold fluorescent signal enhancement during DNA translocation.
Identification of gingerenone A as a novel senolytic compound (2022)

Senescent cells accumulate with aging and have been shown to contribute to age-associated diseases and organ dysfunction. Eliminating senescent cells with senolytic drugs has been shown to improve age phenotypes in mouse models and there is some initial evidence that it may improve the health of persons with chronic diseases. In this study, we employed WI-38 human fibroblasts rendered senescent by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) to screen several plant extracts for their potential senolytic and/or senomorphic activity. Of these, ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) selectively caused the death of senescent cells without affecting proliferating cells. Among the major individual components of ginger extract, gingerenone A and 6-shogaol showed promising senolytic properties, with gingerenone A selectively eliminating senescent cells. Similar to the senolytic cocktail dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), gingerenone A and 6-shogaol elicited an apoptotic program. Additionally, both D+Q and gingerenone A had a pronounced effect on suppressing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Gingerenone A selectively promotes the death of senescent cells with no effect on non-senescent cells and these characteristics strongly support the idea that this natural compound may have therapeutic benefit in diseases characterized by senescent cell accumulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Styrenyl Ethers. Enantioselective Synthesis of Chromenes Through Zr‐ and Ru‐Catalyzed Processes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frequency sampling filters with algebraic integers (2002)

Algebraic integers have been proven beneficial to DFT and non-recursive FIR filter designs since algebraic integers can be dense in C, resulting in short word width, high speed designs. This paper uses another property of algebraic integers: algebraic integers can produce exact pole zero cancellation pairs that are used in recursive FIR, frequency sampling filter designs.
Towards the catalytic activation of inert small molecules by main-group ambiphiles (2020)

The activation of very inert small molecules generally requires highly reactive activating species, but the high energy of these species makes their regeneration, and thus also catalytic turnover of the reaction, difficult to achieve. Here, the authors highlight the formidable challenge of overcoming the tradeoff between activating power and catalytic turnover in the context of main-group ambiphiles.
Exploitation of Arundo donax L. Hydrolysis Residue for the Green Synthesis of Flexible Polyurethane Foams (2017)

Flexible polyurethane foams were prepared from solid waste residue derived from the hydrothermal acid treatment of the Arundo donax L. herbaceous biomass, which produced a very high yield of levulinic acid. An innovative, sustainable, and green liquefaction route was adopted to produce lignin-based flexible polyurethane foams by partially replacing fossil-fuel source polyols with an abundant and renewable hydroxyl source, the Arundo donax L. "lignin-like" residue. Lignin liquefaction was performed in polyolic solvents using microwave irradiation, saving time and energy while ensuring a more sustainable and green approach. Foam production was performed with controlled expansion using the "one-shot" technique. Water was adopted as the only blowing agent, and the isocyanate index (NCO/OH) was kept to less than 100, which reduced the cross-linking degree of the desired foam and increased its flexibility. About 7 wt.% of the conventional petrochemical polyether polyol was replaced with the Arundo donax L. hydrolysis residue. The chemical and mechanical properties of the synthesized foams were compared with those obtained by using a pure technical soda lignin, ProtoBind 1000. The results were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties, thus closing the biorefinery cycle of Arundo donax L. exploitation.
The impact of attrition on the transmission of HIV and drug resistance (2023)

A minor increase in attrition can offset the benefit of treatment expansion and increase the transmission of HIV drug resistance. Reducing attrition rates for patients already in treatment may be as important as expanding treatment for untreated patients.
European Research and Development in Hybrid Flexible Electronics (2010)

Abstract : The increasing miniaturization and complexity of emerging electronics products and systems brings many technical challenges but also excellent promise for improving capabilities and reducing costs through printing-like manufacturing processes and through combining of functionalities in what are called hybrid flexible electronics systems. Important application areas include energy, consumer electronics, healthcare, communications, and national defense. This report is a review of hybrid flexible electronics research and development activities in Western Europe, conducted by a panel of leading U.S. experts in the field, as a window to view what opportunities and challenges exist for U.S. researchers, educators, and manufacturers in this highly interdisciplinary field. The report covers materials development, device challenges, systems opportunities, and processing and manufacturing topics. It also includes a section that reviews several of the large European innovation centers that are bringing a multidisciplinary and practical commercial focus to R&D in the field. The report details the strengths of the basic research being conducted in Europe and the vitality of the close partnerships between university groups, basic research laboratories, industry, and innovation centers, sustained by sizeable research grants that specifically promote such interactions and efficiently support development. Appendix C summarizes the results of the WTEC bibliometric study of world research in hybrid flexible electronics, 1994?2008, which includes a view of the status of R&D in this field in Asia as well as in Europe and the United States.
Fabrication of optimized oil–water separation devices through the targeted treatment of silica meshes (2015)

Efficient oil-water separation is achieved using an optimized superhydrophobic material, generated by the zeolitic roughening and subsequent hydrophobic surface treatment of silica filter membranes. The material is both highly rough and intrinsically hydrophobic, resulting in superhydrophobic membranes which show a substantial affinity for hydrophobic solvents and oils. The membranes are syringe-mounted, suction pressure is applied and the selective collection of oil is achieved. The membranes are extremely robust, which is a result of the zeolitic roughening process, they possess small pores (0.7 <i>μ</i>m), as a result these devices can perform complete separation and operate at a range of suction pressures. The devices could be readily used in a range of real-world applications, including oil spill clean-up and industrial filters.
A stochastic multi-scale framework for textile composites to evaluate the stiffness tensor (2012)

This paper discusses the application of a multi-scale modeling technique in a stochastic framework with the aim of deriving the stiffness statistics of a composite structure. First, optical images are taken from cross sections of a laminate that consists of several layers of fabric. The characterization of these images allows constructing a dataset for each geometrical parameter of which statistical information can be extracted. Next, the model characteristics at meso- and macro-scale are calibrated, for each deterministic realization in a Monte Carlo simulation, with a sampled set from this statistical data. Several virtual composite panels are obtained and statistics of the macroscopic stiffness tensor can be derived. The procedure also permits performing a sensitivity analysis of each geometrical parameter on the stiffness values. Results are presented for the case of the laminate Young’s modulus.
MDL Spline Models: Gradient and Polynomial Reparameterisations (2005)

The major problem when building shape models by minimising the description length (DL) is the computationally demanding optimisation in a highdimensional space. To speed up the convergence when dealing with discretised contours, Ericsson and Astrom [6] have shown how to approximate and how to exploit the gradient of the DL. We derive the gradient of the DL for differentiable training sets. Additionally, we propose a class of polynomial reparameterisations that allows us to avoid numerical approximation of the functions and integrals involved in computation of the model and of its DL’s gradient, making the whole process exact and more efficient.
High-throughput screening of cell-surface topographic interactions (2010)

High throughput biomaterials screening largely remains unexplored. The present study was an attempt to explore the area of high throughput as well as high content screening of cell surface topographic interaction. An array of surface topographies called TopoChip was fabricated using a widely used polymer in tissue engineering, Poly (DL-lactic acid). The topographies were subsequently screened for their mitogenic effect on cells. We were able to detect topographic parameters responsible for mitogenic effect of surface topographies.
Edge computing: A systematic mapping study (2023)

Summary Edge computing is a new way of computing that uses resources at the edge of a network to solve the problem of communication delays in applications that require immediate responses. This field has received a lot of attention from the research community over the past few decades, leading to a significant increase in publications. To better understand the field, a systematic mapping study (SMS) was conducted using a three‐tier search method that involved defining quality criteria to extract relevant search spaces and studies. This resulted in the selection of 112 search spaces out of 805 and 1440 studies out of 8725. The SMS addressed 8 research questions to identify the main topics, architectures, techniques, and other important aspects of edge computing.
<title>Junction CCD-based x-ray sensor for dental applications</title> (1993)

Charge-Coupled Devices are used as x-ray sensors. For dental purposes it is important to have an image area of roughly 3 X 4 cm<SUP>2</SUP>. In case of direct imaging with an MOS Charge-Coupled Device one is restricted to image areas of about 1.5 X 2.5 cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The reason for this is that in commercially available CCDs one aims at getting a high spatial resolution on a small area. This article will show, that Junction Charge-Coupled Devices do not have this restriction, which makes these devices perfectly suited for dental purposes.
Acute Platelet Inhibition With Abciximab Does Not Reduce In-Stent Restenosis (ERASER Study) (1999)

Potent platelet inhibition with abciximab, as administered in this study, does not reduce in-stent restenosis. The interrelationship between stents, platelets, and neointimal proliferation requires further study.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling of CpG Islands in Breast Cancer Identifies Novel Genes Associated with Tumorigenicity (2011)

Epigenetic profiling of tumor DNAs may reveal important new theranostic targets to improve prognosis and treatment of advanced cancer patients. In this study, we performed a genome-wide profile of DNA methylation patterns in sporadic breast tumors by using the HumanMethylation27 BeadChips to assess relationships between DNA methylation changes and patient tumor characteristics. The arrays identified 264 hypermethylated loci/genes present in genomic CpG islands. Hierarchical clustering based on methylation levels divided the specimens into three distinct groups, within which certain clinical features also clustered. Statistically significant differences were determined between overall methylation levels of these clusters and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status (P = 0.001), tumor relapse (P = 0.035), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.042). We identified several individual methylated genes associated with clinical features, including six genes (RECK, SFRP2, UAP1L1, ACADL, ITR, and UGT3A1) that showed statistical significance between methylation and relapse-free survival. Notably, the RECK gene in this group has been associated in other cancers with poorest prognosis. Among the leading relapse-associated genes and the genes associated with ER/PR status, we sequenced an independent set of paired normal/tumor breast DNA samples to confirm tumor specificity of methylation. Further, we carried out quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR to confirm reduced expression in methylated tumors. Our findings suggest the utility for the DNA methylation patterns in these genes as clinically useful surrogate markers in breast cancer, as well as new molecular pathways for further investigation as therapeutic targets.
Comparison of multilayer and radial basis function neural networks for text-dependent speaker recognition (2002)

This paper compares the use of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) trained on backpropagation and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks for the task of text-dependent speaker recognition. 10 classifier networks were generated for each of 20 male-speakers using randomly-generated training sets consisting of 6 true speaker utterances and 19 false speaker utterances (one from each of the false speakers). The resulting networks were then used to assess verification and identification performance for each of the network architectures. The results clearly indicate that the choice of true and false speaker utterances used in the training set has a crucial effect on the success of the classifier. The overall superiority of performance reported in general for RBF networks over MLPs would appear to be due to the reduced sensitivity of the former to a poor training set when compared to the performance of an MLP for the same training set. When both networks are presented with their "best" training sets, however, the RBF network still significantly out-performs the MCP.