gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded Three-Dimensional Hybrid Integrated Circuit Integration System-in-Package With Through-Silicon Vias for Opto-Electronic Interconnects in Organic Substrates/Printed Circuit Boards (2011)

A low-cost (with bare chips) and high (optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical) performance optoelectronic system embedded into a PCB (printed circuit board) or an organic laminated substrate is designed and described. This system consists of a rigid PCB (or a substrate) with an embedded optical polymer waveguide, an embedded vertical cavity surface emitted laser (VCSEL), an embedded driver chip, an embedded serializer, an embedded photo-diode detector, an embedded tans-impedance amplifier (TIA), an embedded deserializer, embedded heat slugs, and a heat spreader. The bare VCSEL, driver chip, and serializer chip are 3D stacked and then attached on one end of the embedded optical polymer waveguide in the PCB. Similarly, the bare photo-diode detector, TIA chip, and deserializer chip are 3D stacked and then attached on the other end of the embedded optical polymer waveguide in PCB. The back-side of the driver or serializer and the TIA or deserializer chips is attached to a heat slug with or without a spreader. This novel structural design offers potential solutions for low-cost and high-performance semiconductor circuits with optical devices to realize wide-bandwidth and low-profile optoelectronic packaging for chip-to-chip optical interconnect applications. Optical, thermal management, and mechanical performances are demonstrated by simulations based on the optic theory, heat-transfer theory, and continuum mechanics.
Comparison of Estimated Torques Using Low Pass Filter and Extended Kalman Filter for IM Drives at Low Speed (2015)

Torque calculation process is one of the major concerns for controlling induction motors in industry, which requires very accurate state estimation of unmeasurable variables of nonlinear models. This can be solved if the variables used for torque calculation is accurately estimated.  This paper presents a torque calculation based on a voltage model represented with a low-pass filter (LPF), and an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The experimental results showed that the estimated torque at low speed based on EKF is more accurate in the expense of more complicated and larger computational time.
Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Grazoprevir, a Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor (2017)

Grazoprevir (GZR) plus elbasvir is an approved treatment for chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 or 4. HCV infection complications include liver cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple-dose GZR (200, 100, or 50 mg) in non-HCV participants with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment (HI), respectively, and in healthy matched controls (protocol MK-5172_p013; Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ). Participants with mild, moderate, or severe HI and controls (aged 18 to 65 years) matched for race, age, sex, and body mass index were enrolled in a 3-part, open-label, sequential-panel pharmacokinetic study. Participants received oral doses of GZR 200 mg (two 100-mg tablets), 100 mg (one 100-mg tablet), or 50 mg (two 25-mg tablets) once daily for 10 days. A total of 50 participants were enrolled: 8 with mild HI, 9 with moderate HI, 8 with severe HI, and a corresponding number of healthy matched controls for each hepatic cohort. Participants with HI demonstrated higher GZR exposure than healthy matched controls and showed an increase in exposure with increasing HI severity. The steady-state GZR AUC<sub>0-24</sub> (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h) for participants with mild, moderate, or severe HI was ≈2-, ≈5-, or ≈12-fold higher, respectively, than that for healthy matched controls. GZR was generally well tolerated in participants with HI. No dose adjustment is required for GZR in people with HCV with mild HI. GZR is contraindicated for those with moderate or severe HI (Child-Pugh class B or C), since they may have significantly increased GZR exposures that may lead to an increased risk of transaminase elevation.
Controlled drug delivery through a novel PEG hydrogel encapsulated silica aerogel system (2012)

A novel composite material consisting of a silica aerogel core coated by a poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogel was developed. The potential of this novel composite as a drug delivery system was tested with ketoprofen as a model drug due to its solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. The results indicated that both drug loading capacity and drug release profiles could be tuned by changing hydrophobicity of aerogels, and that drug loading capacity increased with decreased hydrophobicity, while slower release rates were achieved with increased hydrophobicity. Furthermore, higher concentration of PEG diacrylate in the prepolymer solution of the hydrogel coating delayed the release of the drug which can be attributed to the lower permeability at higher PEG diacrylate concentrations. The novel composite developed in this study can be easily implemented to achieve the controlled delivery of various drugs and/or proteins for specific applications.
Antiviral Activity of Natural and Synthetic Brassinosteroids (2004)

Since the discovery of brassinolide, a C28 steroid with an unusual lactone B-ring structure, more than 60 related compounds -collectively known as brassinosteroids (BRs) - have been isolated from a wide variety of plant species. Exogenous application of BRs to plants at nanomolar to micromolar concentrations has a broad spectrum of growth responses, such as stem elongation, inhibition of root growth, promotion of cell division and enhancement of stress resistance, brought about by changes in enzyme activity and gene expression. In the last years, biochemical and genetic analysis provided compelling evidence for an essential role of BRs in plant development. In this paper, we review our synthetic methods to obtain BRs analogues and report the scope of antiviral activity of these compounds against RNA and DNA viruses. Some of the compounds showed selectivity indexes (SI) 10- to 18- fold higher than ribavirin, a broad spectrum antiviral compound, when tested against Junin virus (JV) (Arenaviridae); a good antiviral activity against measles virus (MV) (Paramixoviridae), with SI values also higher than ribavirin used as reference drug, and a similar or lower activity against herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) (Herpesviridae) when compared to foscarnet or acyclovir, respectively. Structure activity relationship studies (SAR) are analyzed, in order to detect which stereochemistry, type and position of functional groups are needed to develop a selective class of virus inhibitors. Keywords: antiviral, brassinosteroids derivatives, measles virus, herpes simplex virus, arenaviridae
Optimal in situ measurement networks for ocean data (2017)

This paper investigates four methods for calculation of fixed measurement positions for acquiring knowledge about an ocean area by observation and model based analysis. The qualities and limitations of the methods, applied to a rather complicated ocean area, is studied. We investigate two methods based on covariations in ocean data; (i) an extension of the data assimilation based method by [1] with the tabu search method by [2], and (ii) an extension of the footprint method by [3] by including time-lags and calculation of the percentage of coverage for each position in the ocean area that is investigated. Further, we study variance map and maps of mean values for the same purpose. The approach of using mean value maps has not been reported in the literature for ocean data. The importance of each measurement position is evaluated in order to decide how many sensors that are necessary to monitor an ocean area. The two methods based on current covariations show considerable differences in calculated positions due to the different backgrounds for the two methods. The SINTEF ocean model SINMOD, set up for an area at the Rataren marine installation close to Frθya, Norway, is used in a case study. This is a shallow area where the current pattern is rather complex due to the bathymetry.
Magnetic Properties of High-Coercivity Pr-Fe-Co-Ti-B-Si System Exchange-Spring Magnets (2003)

Melt-spun ribbons of PrxFe91.5-x-y-zCo8TiyBzSi0.5 (x = 9.0-11.0, y = 0.5-2.0, z = 7.5-11.5) alloys were prepared by the single roller liquid rapid-quenching method, and the effects of composition, substrate surface velocity and annealing condition on the magnetic properties were studied. The optimum preparation conditions and some of the properties were as follows: composition: Pr10Fe69.5Co8Ti1.5B10.5Si0.5; substrate surface velocity: 10.0 m/s; annealing condition 650°C for 0 min in Ar atmosphere; magnetic properties: (BH)max = 119.9 kJ/m3, HcJ = 1004.0 kA/m, HcB = 559.3 kA/m, Jr = 0.87 T, recoil ratio = 29.0 %, Hk/HcJ×100 = 33.0 %, α(Jr)ave = −0.047 %/°C, α (HcJ) = −0.43 %/°C and Tc = 393 °C. From TEM observation, the average particle size of this ribbon was found to be about 16 nm. Compression-molded isotropic bonded magnets were prepared by using Pr10Fe69.5Co8Ti1.5B10.5Si0.5 ribbons annealed at 650 °C for 0 min. Their magnetic properties were (BH)max = 80.2 kJ/m3, HcJ = 953.1 kA/m, HcB = 461.9 kA/m, Jr = 0.69 T, Hk/HcJ×100 = 32.8 %, irreversible loss = −2.12 % (at 125 °C), density = 6.29 Mg/m3.
Camping Burner-Based Flame Emission Spectrometer for Classroom Demonstrations (2014)

A flame emission spectrometer was built in-house for the purpose of introducing this analytical technique to students at the high school level. The aqueous sample is sprayed through a homemade nebulizer into the air inlet of a consumer-grade propane camping burner. The resulting flame is analyzed by a commercial array spectrometer for the visible spectrum in the range of 350–1000 nm. The cost of the instrument is mainly given by that of the spectrometer and computer/projector. The obtained emission spectrum is characteristic of each individual atom, such as sodium (589 nm) and potassium (766 nm), or molecule, such as calcium hydroxide (554 and 622 nm). The readout signal (either peak height or peak area) is shown to be proportional to the sample concentration. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses may be performed with this robust and low-cost device. Samples can be rapidly changed, giving a 95% response time of under 3 s. The analytical figures of merit were characterized for calcium, potassium, and sodium in different water samples, and the resulting precision (standard deviation) for a 1 s acquisition time was typically on the order of 2%. Observed calcium levels were lower than expected because of the presence of refractory compounds, such as calcium phosphate or sulfate, that are difficult to fully atomize with the simple flame used here. Lanthanum(III) chloride was successfully used to increase the calcium response. The lower limit of detection for sodium was approximately 3 ppb and comparable to that of conventional commercial emission spectrometers.
Imaging of buried objects from experimental backscattering time\n dependent measurements using a globally convergent inverse algorithm (2014)

We consider the problem of imaging of objects buried under the ground using\nbackscattering experimental time dependent measurements generated by a single\npoint source or one incident plane wave. In particular, we estimate dielectric\nconstants of those objects using the globally convergent inverse algorithm of\nBeilina and Klibanov. Our algorithm is tested on experimental data collected\nusing a microwave scattering facility at the University of North Carolina at\nCharlotte. There are two main challenges working with this type of experimental\ndata: (i) there is a huge misfit between these data and computationally\nsimulated data, and (ii) the signals scattered from the targets may overlap\nwith and be dominated by the reflection from the ground's surface. To overcome\nthese two challenges, we propose new data preprocessing steps to make the\nexperimental data to be approximately the same as the simulated ones, as well\nas to remove the reflection from the ground's surface. Results of total 25 data\nsets of both non blind and blind targets indicate a good accuracy.\n
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of (z)-3-(bromomethylene)thiochroman-4-ones (2010)

Three (z)-3-(bromomethylene)thiochroman-4-ones were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed byMS and 1H NMR. In vitro antifungal activities of these synthesized compounds were evaluated against ten species offungi, and the results showed that the target compounds exhibited activity against fungi tested to some extent. Themaximum inhibitory activity was found for 3a against C.neoformans, 3a and 3c exhibited more potent antifungalactivities against C.Krusei than Fluconazole.
Load compensation in obese patients during quiet tidal breathing (1983)

Seventeen eucapnic massively obese patients and eight normal subjects had their respiratory cycle parameters studied while breathing room air at rest. Despite large variations in the degree of obesity, our patients demonstrated normal mean inspiratory and expiratory flow rates, duty cycles, and minute ventilation. The maintenance of normal mean inspiratory flow rates was found to be dependent on an augmentation of neuromuscular drive (P0.1); furthermore, a strong positive correlation between percentage ideal body weight (i.e., the degree of obesity) and P0.1 was present. The obese were found to partition their tidal volume preferentially to their rib cage compartment, choosing to leave the abdominal compartment relatively immobile. Analysis of the diaphragmatic electromyogram revealed a persistence of activity into early expiration, the length of which also depended on the degree of obesity. These findings suggest that the diaphragm's volume-generating function in the obese is reduced, and furthermore the persistence of its activity in expiration serves to attenuate the rate of expiratory flow. No significant difference in any respiratory cycle parameter was found between simple obesity patients and formerly hypercapnic obese patients.
TNF-ALPHA LEVELS DO NOT INCREASE IN ILEUM IN A SWINE MODEL OF UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE (2004)

Zautke, N A; Lam, J C; Holcomb, J B; Spain, D A; Tweardy, D J; Brundage, S I Author Information
Dependence of the tracking performance of an optical disk on the direction of the incident-light polarization (1995)

In optical-disk data-storage systems, the signal that provides tracking information is dependent on the groove shape, the optical constants of the materials involved, and the polarization state of the incident light. In this paper, we show that the tracking signal can be described by two measurable quantities, both of which are largely independent of aberrations in the optical system. Using these two quantities, we match the tracking performance of a given disk to an equivalent disk having rectangular grooves-the adjustable parameters being the rectangular groove depth and the duty cycle. By assumption, these rectangular grooves modulate only the phase of the incident beam and disregard its state of polarization. The effective groove depth and the duty cycle thus become dependent on the polarization state of the incident beam. We examine these dependences for various disks having different groove geometries and different combinations of materials.
<title>Motion vector synthesis algorithm for MPEG-2-to-MPEG-4 transcoder</title> (2000)

We have developed a Motion Vector (MV) Synthesis algorithm for an MPEG2-to-MPEG4 transcoder. MPEG2 bitstream parameters are utilized to adaptively scale and refine the MPEG2 MVs to synthesize MPEG4 MVs. The simulation results show that our MV Synthesis algorithm produces results that are equivalent to VM Full Search in both coding efficiency and subjective image quality, with significant reduction in complexity.
Emotion Adjustment Method for Diverse Expressions of Same Emotion Depending on Each Character's Characteristics (2010)

ABSTRACT Along with language, emotion is an effective means of expression. By expressing our emotions as well as speaking language, we can deliver our message better. Because each person expresses the same emotion differently, this expression is a useful gauge to measure an individual personality. To avoid monotonous emotional expression from virtual characters, therefore, it is necessary to adjust the creation and deletion of the same emotion depending on each character’s personality. This paper has attempted to define personality characteristics that have an impact on each emotion and propose a method to adjust the emotions. Furthermore, the relationship between particular emotion and personality characteristics has been defined by matching the significance of specified personality characteristics with the lexical meaning. In addition, using the Raw Score, the weighted value which is necessary for the adjustment, continuance and deletion of each emotion has been defined. Then, emotion was properly adjusted. When the same emotion was adjusted using actual personality test data, different results have been observed by personality. This paper has been conducted using NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) which consisted of 5 broad domains and 30 sub domains. Keyword : Artificial Emotion, Emotion Adjustment접수일자 : 2010년 02월 08일, 심사완료 : 2010년 03월 05일 ※ 교신저자 : 조경은 ※ 본 논문은 한국연구재단 기초연구사업의 일반연구자 지원사업 일환으로 수행하였음[2009-0077594, 서사구조의 자동 분석 기법을 통한 캐릭터 감성표현 모델 연구]
Ultra low power wakeup detector for sensor networks (2007)

Special ultra-low-power wakeup receivers have been postulated repeatedly throughout publications in the sensor network community. This paper presents a fully integrated zero-bias detector in BiCMOS technology, which can be used for construction of a wakeup-receiver with -50 dBm sensitivity at a standby current consumption in the order of 100 nA. Operating frequency examined here was 2.4 GHz, but the principle is inherently broadband.
Simplifying software-defined network optimization using SOL (2016)

Realizing the benefits of SDN for many network management applications (e.g., traffic engineering, service chaining, topology reconfiguration) involves addressing complex optimizations that are central to these problems. Unfortunately, such optimization problems require (a) significant manual effort and expertise to express and (b) non-trivial computation and/or carefully crafted heuristics to solve. Our goal is to simplify the deployment of SDN applications using general high-level abstractions for capturing optimization requirements from which we can efficiently generate optimal solutions. To this end, we present SOL, a framework that demonstrates that it is possible to simultaneously achieve generality and efficiency. The insight underlying SOL is that many SDN applications can be recast within a unifying path-based optimization abstraction. Using this, SOL can efficiently generate near-optimal solutions and device configurations to implement them. We show that SOL provides comparable or better scalability than custom optimization solutions for diverse applications, allows a balancing of optimality and route churn per reconfiguration, and interfaces with modern SDN controllers.
Insulin receptor substrates mediate distinct biological responses to insulin-like growth factor receptor activation in breast cancer cells (2006)

Activation of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) regulates several aspects of the malignant phenotype, including cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Phosphorylation of adaptor proteins downstream of IGF-IR may couple IGF action to specific cancer phenotypes. In this study, we sought to determine if insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 (IRS-1 and -2) mediate distinct biological effects in breast cancer cells. Insulin receptor substrate-1 and IRS-2 were expressed in T47D-YA breast cancer cells, which lack IRS-1 and -2 expression, yet retain functional IGF-IR. In the absence of IRS-1 and -2 expression, IGF-IR activation was unable to stimulate proliferation or motility in T47D-YA cells. Expression of IRS-1 resulted in IGF-I-stimulated proliferation, but did not affect motility. In contrast, expression of IRS-2 enhanced IGF-I-stimulated motility, but did not stimulate proliferation. The alphaIR-3, an inhibitor of the IGF-IR, was unable to affect these IGF-stimulated phenotypes unless IRS-1 or -2 was expressed. Thus, IGF-IR alone is unable to regulate important breast cancer cell phenotypes. In these cells, IRS proteins are required for and mediate distinct aspects of IGF-IR-stimulated behaviour. As multiple agents targeting the IGF-IR are currently in early clinical trials, IRS expression should be considered as a potential biomarker for IGF-IR responsiveness.
The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors (1966)

(1966). The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 245-276.
AGRONOMY AND SOILS Phosphorus Recovered From Swine Wastewater as a Fertilizer for Cotton Grown With Conservation Tillage (2012)

Current technologies for recycling P from animal waste through precipitation result in non-conventional fertilizer products. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of surface broadcasting recovered calcium phosphate as a P fertilizer source for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) when grown after winter rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass crop using conservation tillage. Treatments in this two-year field study were fertilizer material [no P fertilizer, recovered P with particle size of 0.5 – 1.0 mm, recovered P with particle size of 2.0 – 4.0 mm, and diammonium phosphate (DAP)]. Fertilizer application rate was 168 kg P2O5 ha -1 . Plant available P (Mehlich 1) and soil water P in the surface 10 cm were measured monthly. Crop biomass and P uptake and cotton seed P were determined. The ranking among treatments both years for plant available soil P was recovered P in 0.5 – 1.0 mm particles > recovered P in 2.0 – 4.0 mm particles = DAP > control. For soil water P, DAP was consistently higher than the control, but the two particle sizes of recovered P were similar to the control. No differences occurred in rye growth or P uptake among the two recovered P treatments and the control either year. The DAP increased rye biomass and P uptake early in the season in the second year of the study, but not in the first. Treatments did not differ for cotton P uptake or yield. When used as a fertilizer, recovered calcium phosphate should be applied in small particles.
Emotional symptoms in Prader‐Willi syndrome adolescents (1987)

Clinical observations and parental reports on the behavior of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patients suggest the development of a wide variety of psychiatric disorders as the PWS child enters adolescence. Documentation of these emotional disorders remains unsystematic. Here we describe the results of administering the Survey Diagnostic Instrument (SDI) to the parents of 35 PWS adolescents. The questionnaire data were supplemented by additional selected demographic and clinical data. The SDI is a 134 item questionnaire filled out by one parent. It screens for the DSM-III criterion-based diagnostic categories of neurosis (dysphoric, compulsive, anxious), somatization, conduct disorder (antisocial, violent), and hyperactivity. The following diagnostic pattern resulted: neurosis, dysphoric, (1 probable); neurosis, compulsive, 3 (6 probable); neurosis, anxious, 4 (and 10 probable); somatization, 0; conduct disorder, violent 0; conduct disorder, antisocial, 0; hyperactivity, 1 (and 1 probable). An odds ratio algorithm is used to uncover possible predisposing factors, and the results are discussed in the context of organic versus psychiatric causes.
Prevalence of Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases: A Retrospective Study (2016)

Patients with connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome, have a high prevalence of intracranial aneurysms.