gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tryptophan degradation in irritable bowel syndrome: evidence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in a male cohort (2009)

These findings suggest that the activity of IDO, the immunoresponsive enzyme which is responsible for the degradation of tryptophan along this pathway, is enhanced in IBS patients relative to controls. This study provides novel evidence for an immune-mediated degradation of tryptophan in a male IBS population and identifies the kynurenine pathway as a potential source of biomarkers in this debilitating condition.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Practical Synthesis of Pazopanib: An Anticancer Drug. (2012)

Abstract An environmentally and economically advantageous 5‐step synthesis of title compound (X) is presented.
Studies of bridged benzoheterocycles. Part III. Cycloadditions of 1,4-epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene to some dipolar compounds and dienes (1972)

The nature of the 1,4-epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene skeleton was studied by performing MO calculations and by investigating cycloadditions to some dipolar compounds and dienes. Reactions of 1,4-epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene (I) with phenylglyoxylonitrile oxide, 1-methylpyridinium-3-olate, ethyl azidoformate, and phenyl azide gave the corresponding 1:1 adducts. Similar treatments of compound (I) with benzenesulphonyl and tosyl azides afforded only imine derivatives. The reaction of compound (I) with 6,6-dimethylfulvene yielded a mixure of isomeric 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 adducts. The stereochemistry of the adducts is discussed in the light of spectroscopic data. Their thermal behaviour is also reported.
A four cavity, high harmonic gyroklystron amplifier (1988)

This device is one of a family of gyrotubes in which a relativistic, rotating shell of electrons interacts synchronously with high-order azimuthal, cylindrical TE modes. Harmonic operation together with RF gyroresonant acceleration of the electron beam constitutes a compact, lightweight, moderate-power millimetre wave amplifier. Recent changes in our fifth harmonic, four cavity device include the doubling of the drift region lengths and the improvement of the electron gun, electron optics, and accelerator drive quality. The maximum observed gain was 45 dB and the peak output power was 600 W. Data from an improved diagnostic for axial velocity is presented along with results from the experiment, analytic theory and simulation.
A phase I multicenter study of antroquinonol in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer who have received at least two prior systemic treatment regimens, including one platinum-based chemotherapy regimen (2015)

Antroquinonol is isolated from <i>Antrodia camphorata</i>, a camphor tree mushroom, and is a valuable traditional Chinese herbal medicine that exhibits pharmacological activities against several diseases, including cancer. This first-in-human phase I study of antroquinonol included patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer who had received at least two prior systemic treatment regimens. An open-label, dose escalation, pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and safety/tolerability and preliminary efficacy profiles of antroquinonol. The patients received escalating doses of once-daily antroquinonol in 4-week cycles (up to 3 cycles). The escalated doses were 50-600 mg. PKs were evaluated on day 1 and 28 of cycle 1. Between January, 2011 and October, 2012, 13 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled. No DLTs occurred in any patient at any dose level. T<sub>max</sub> was observed between 1.00 and 3.70 h under single-dose conditions, and at 1.92-4.05 h under multiple-dose conditions. The mean elimination half-life ranged between 1.30 and 4.33 h, independent of the treatment dose. Antroquinonol at all dose levels had a mild toxicity profile, with no reported treatment-related mortality. The most common treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, vomiting and nausea. The best tumor response was stable disease in 3 patients. In conclusion, antroquinonol at all dose levels, administered daily for 4 weeks, was generally safe and well tolerated, without DLTs. The recommended dose level for a phase II study is ≥600 mg daily.
Predatory prokaryotes: Predation and primary consumption evolved in bacteria (1986)

Two kinds of predatory bacteria have been observed and characterized by light and electron microscopy in samples from freshwater sulfurous lakes in northeastern Spain. The first bacterium, named Vampirococcus, is Gram-negative and ovoidal (0.6 micrometer wide). An anaerobic epibiont, it adheres to the surface of phototrophic bacteria (Chromatium spp.) by specific attachment structures and, as it grows and divides by fission, destroys its prey. An important in situ predatory role can be inferred for Vampirococcus from direct counts in natural samples. The second bacterium, named Daptobacter, is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic straight rod (0.5 x 1.5 micrometers) with a single polar flagellum, which collides, penetrates, and grows inside the cytoplasm of its prey (several genera of Chromatiaceae). Considering also the well-known case of Bdellovibrio, a Gram-negative, aerobic curved rod that penetrates and divides in the periplasmic space of many chemotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, there are three types of predatory prokaryotes presently known (epibiotic, cytoplasmic, and periplasmic). Thus, we conclude that antagonistic relationships such as primary consumption, predation, and scavenging had already evolved in microbial ecosystems prior to the appearance of eukaryotes. Furthermore, because they represent methods by which prokaryotes can penetrate other prokaryotes in the absence of phagocytosis, these associations can be considered preadaptation for the origin of intracellular organelles.
A 1.6MHz Swing-Boosted Relaxation Oscillator with ±0.15%/V 23.4ppm/°C Frequency Inaccuracy using Voltage-to-Delay Feedback (2019)

This paper presents a relaxation oscillator for on-chip clock reference or sensor interface application. To improve the frequency stability over temperature and supply variations, a voltage-to-delay feedback is proposed to compensate the circuit delay variation. In addition, a switch-capacitor swing boosting (SCSB) circuit is proposed to enhance the output swing for phase noise reduction. Implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS process, the proposed oscillator shows a 1.6MHz output frequency, with low frequency inaccuracy of 23.4ppm/°C across 0°C-90°C and ±0.15%/V over 1.2V-1.52V. The measured phase noise is -118.6dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset, corresponding to 156dBc/Hz FOM. The oscillator consumes 51.4μW under 1.3V supply voltage.
Re-Orientating Vertical Geopolitics (2013)

Geopolitics has a tradition of adopting a downward looking view-from-above, which is imbued with an imperialistic ‘god's eye’ perspective. Although acknowledged and critiqued, this paper argues that it needs to be actively re-orientated to encompass the discourses and practices of looking up. The paper analyses the practices of looking up and surveilling the sky through which air defence is achieved. It interrogates the ways in which UK air defence is represented in official documents and analyses the activities of the Royal Air Force's Air Surveillance and Control System. The paper argues that this system enacts a vertical geopolitics that goes beyond those understood in other geopolitical literatures and offers suggestions for developing our understandings of a volumetric vertical geopolitics that recognises the aerial view as generated from below as well as from above.
Transport and fate of bacteria in porous media: Coupled effects of chemical conditions and pore space geometry (2008)

Experimental and theoretical studies were undertaken to explore the coupled effects of chemical conditions and pore space geometry on bacteria transport in porous media. The retention of Escherichia coli D21g was investigated in a series of batch and column experiments with solutions of different ionic strength (IS) and ultrapure quartz sand. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) calculations and results from batch experiments suggested that bacteria attachment to the sand surface was negligible when the IS was less than or equal to 50 mM. Breakthrough data from column experiments showed significant cell retention and was strongly dependent on the IS. This finding indicates that cell retention was dependent on the depth of the secondary energy minimum which increases with IS. When the IS of the influent bacteria‐free solution was decreased to 1 mM, only a small fraction of the retained bacteria was released from the column. The remaining retained bacteria, however, were recovered from the sand, which was excavated from the column and suspended in a cell‐free electrolyte having the original IS. These observations suggest that the solution chemistry is not the only parameter controlling bacteria retention in the porous media. Computational simulations of flow around several collector grains revealed the retention mechanism, which is dependent on both the solution chemistry and the pore space geometry. Simulations demonstrate that the pore space geometry creates hydrodynamically disconnected regions. The number of bacterial cells that may be transported to these relatively “immobile” regions will theoretically be dependent on the depth of the secondary energy minimum (i.e., the IS). Once bacteria are trapped in these immobile regions, reduction of the secondary energy minimum does not necessarily release the cells owing to hydrodynamic constraints.
Protective efficacy of liveSalmonella gallinarum9R vaccine in commercial layer flocks (2007)

Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality. In this study we re-evaluated the ability of live S. Gallinarum 9R vaccine to protect from wild-type S. Gallinarum challenge. In laboratory trials, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups in mortality and the re-isolation rate of the challenge strain from the tissues (P<0.05). In field trials, efficacy of the 9R vaccine by one inoculation at the age of 18 weeks and two inoculations at the age of 6 weeks and 18 weeks was persistent throughout the duration of the study from 21 weeks old to 61 weeks old. The results from this study indicate that the protection against mortality and organ invasion in highly susceptible chickens exposed to virulent strains of S. Gallinarum may be severely limited by 9R vaccine.
Antiinflammatory sesquiterpenes from the root oil of Ferula hermonis (2010)

Ferula hermonis Boiss. (Apiaceae), commonly known as 'Shilsh-el-zallouh', 'Hashishat-al-kattira' or 'The Lebanese viagra', is a small shrub that grows abundantly on the Hermon Mountain between Syria and Lebanon. The seeds and roots of this plant have long been used in the Middle East as an aphrodisiac, and for the treatment of frigidity and impotence for both men and women. The antiinflammatory properties of three major daucane esters, ferutinin (1) teferin (2) and teferidin (3), isolated from the root oil of Ferula hermonis, were assessed by the carrageenan-induced oedema model in rats. The antiinflammatory effect of both 1 and 2 was observed with a dose of 100 mg/kg, while compound 3 did not show any antiinflammatory activity; conversely it produced a significant proinflammatory effect 2 and 3 h after carrageenan injection.
Association of citrulline concentration at birth with lower respiratory tract infection in infancy: Findings from a multi-site birth cohort study (2022)

Assessing the association of the newborn metabolic state with severity of subsequent respiratory tract infection may provide important insights on infection pathogenesis. In this multi-site birth cohort study, we identified newborn metabolites associated with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the first year of life in a discovery cohort and assessed for replication in two independent cohorts. Increased citrulline concentration was associated with decreased odds of LRTI (discovery cohort: aOR 0.83 [95% CI 0.70-0.99], <i>p</i> = 0.04; replication cohorts: aOR 0.58 [95% CI 0.28-1.22], <i>p</i> = 0.15). While our findings require further replication and investigation of mechanisms of action, they identify a novel target for LRTI prevention and treatment.
Comparative study of breast cancer in Mexican and Mexican-American women (2010)

Breast cancer is the number one cause of can- cer deaths among Hispanic women in the United States, and in Mexico, it recently became the primary cause of cancer deaths. This malign- nancy represents a poorly understood and un- derstudied disease in Hispanic women. The ELLA Binational Breast Cancer Study was es- tablished in 2006 as a multi-center study to as- sess patterns of breast tumor markers, clinical characteristics, and their risk factors in women of Mexican descent. We describe the design and implementation of the ELLA Study and provide a risk factor comparison between women in the U.S. and those in Mexico based on a sample of 765 patients (364 in the U.S. and 401 in Mexico). Compared to women in Mexico, U.S. women had significantly (p < 0.05) lower parity (3.2 vs. 3.9 mean live births) and breastfeeding rates (57.5% vs. 80.5%), higher use of oral contraceptives (60.7% vs. 50.1%) and hormone replacement therapy (23.3% vs. 7.6%), and higher family history of breast cancer (15.7% vs. 9.0%). Re- sults show that differences in breast cancer risk factor patterns exist between Mexico and U.S. women. We provide lessons learned from the conduct of our study. Binational studies are an important step in understanding disease pat- terns and etiology for women in both countries.
Photocatalytic Activity and Biocide Properties of Ag-TIO<sub>2</sub> Composites on Cotton Fabrics (2023)

Composites of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles on cotton fabrics were synthetized in-situ by sono-chemical and hydrothermal methods achieving the successive formation of Ag-NPs and Ti-NPs directly on the fabric. The impregnated fabrics were characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, high resolution microscopy (HREM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with Ener-gy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman, photoluminescence, UV-vis and DRS spectroscopies and by tension tests. Results showed the successful formation and impregnation of NPs on the cotton fabric, with a negligible leaching of NPs after several washing cycles. The photocatalytic activity of supported NPs was assessed by the degradation of methyl blue dye (MB) under solar and UV irradiation revealing improved photocatalytic activity of the Ag-TiO2/cotton composites due to a synergy of both Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles. This behavior is attributed to a diminished electron-hole recombination effect in the Ag-TiO2 cotton samples. The biocide activity of these composites on the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) and Escherichia coli (Gram-) was confirmed, revealing interesting possibilities for the utilization of the functionalized cotton fabric as protective cloth for medical applications.
Near-infrared to visible upconversion detection for active imaging using a broadband pump laser (2018)

We present an upconversion experiment designed for long range active imaging. Upconversion is a promising detection technique that allows us to benefit from all the performances of silicon based sensors to detect light above their maximum operating wavelength in an active imaging system. The detection sensitivity of such a system can be higher than direct detection using an infrared sensor camera. Using a pump laser with a wide spectrum, we increase the field of view of our imaging system and we obtain image characteristics compatible with practical applications.
Production of Butyl Acetate by Catalytic Distillation. Theoretical and Experimental Studies (2005)

The esterification reaction of acetic acid with n-butanol in a continuous catalytic distillation system has been studied. The products of esterification reaction-viz, water and butyl acetate-are separated by distillation during the course of the reaction, to overcome the equilibrium limitations. A 3-m-tall column with reactive and nonreactive zones, packed with a commercial catalytic packing (KATAPAK-S) and noncatalytic wire gauze packing, was used for this purpose. For a feed concentration corresponding to that obtained in a one-stage continuously stirred tank reactor at reaction equilibrium, conversion of similar to 100% was realized, with selectivity on the order of 99%. Interestingly, in most of the experiments, the bottom stream contained butyl acetate that was almost free of acetic acid. The influence of various operating parameters, such as feed flow rate, feed composition, feed location, and boil-up rate, on the conversion, selectivity, and separation was studied. A dynamic equilibrium stage model was developed and solved to predict the transient and steady-state results. Reasonably good agreement between the experimental and simulation results was realized.
Cushing's Syndrome Induced by Misuse of Moderate- to High-Potency Topical Corticosteroids (2008)

Continuous use of moderate- to high-potency topical corticosteroids over several months can contribute to Cushing's syndrome. Growth and development as well as cortisol levels should be monitored in children on long-term topical corticosteroid treatment.
Measurement of rat brain tumor kinetics using an intravascular MR contrast agent and DCE‐MRI nested model selection (2014)

Estimates of K(trans) were statistically different using gadofosveset and gadopentetate, whereas ve and vp were similar with two CAs. NMS produced robust estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters using DCE-MRI that show promise as important measures of tumor physiology and microenvironment.
Material and Technology Development for Microwave Sintering of High Performance Ceramics (2000)

The present paper gives a brief summary of some of the results on sintering equipment development and material selection for successful microwave sintering of industrially relevant ceramics, based on the collaboration between two material producers, two furnace manufacturers and two university institutes, involved in microwave sintering for several years. The potential of microwave sintering as an industrially viable technique will be discussed for oxide and nitride ceramics.
Reliability of measurements on virtual models obtained from scanning of impressions and conventional plaster models (2014)

Aim: To evaluate the reliability of linear measurements in virtual models by comparing measurements performed on virtual models obtained from alginate impression scans, plaster model and measurements performed on conventional plaster model. Methods: The sample comprised 26 randomly selected patients to have impressions of their upper and lower jaws taken using alginate and their bite registration using a wax bite. The virtual models were obtained by scanning the alginate impression and the plaster model in a laser surface scanner (R700; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), and the measurements were performed using the Ortho Analyser (3Shape) proprietary software. The linear measurements of the size of the teeth mesial to distal, arch perimeter, intercanine distance and intermolar distance in the upper and lower arches were performed on plaster models, digital impressions and digital models, by three observers and repeated after 15 days on 8 models for intra-observer evaluations. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Intra-class correlation to check the agreement of intra and inter-observers and ANOVA test were used to analyze the differences between measurements of digital models from impression and digital models from plaster. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference (pd"0.05) for the posterior teeth, anterior teeth, upper arch perimeter and lower inter-canine distance, comparing the digital models with plaster models, but these differences are considered clinically non-significant. Conclusions: Digital models were proven be reliable and clinically acceptable for measuring tooth width, perimeter arches, intercanine and intermolar distances.
Additions and Corrections - Specific Reactions of Hydrogen Peroxide with the Active Site of Hemocyanin. The Formation of "Methemocyanin". (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Specific Reactions of Hydrogen Peroxide with the Active Site of Hemocyanin. The Formation of "Methemocyanin".Gary Felsenfeld and Morton PrintzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 24, 6429Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online13 May 2004Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01509a617https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01509a617research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
59–71GHz wideband MMIC balanced power amplifier in a 0.13um SiGe technology (2009)

This paper presents the performance of a wideband 0.13µm BiCMOS SiGe power amplifier (PA) for millimeter wave (mmW) applications. The design and the measured results of a monolithic integrated low-voltage PA are reported. A balanced four-stage common emitter circuit topology was used to achieve greater than 17dB of power gain from 59 GHz to 71GHz. As a result, the amplifier delivers 18dBm of maximum RF output power and 14.5dBm output power at 1dB compression. The circuit shows 7.8% of power added efficiency (PAE) from a 1.8V supply voltage at 65 GHz. The power amplifier was fully integrated including matching elements and bias circuit. The matching networks use coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines and MIM capacitors for high integration purpose.
Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves (1994)

This review describes bolometric detectors for infrared and millimeter waves. The introduction sketches the history of modern bolometers, indicates how they fit into the more general class of thermal detectors, and describes the types of applications for which they are the optimum solution. Section I is a tutorial introduction to the elementary theories of bolometer response, of thermal radiation, and of bolometer noise. Important results are derived from the laws of thermal physics in the simplest possible way. The more rigorous theories of bolometer response and noise that are required for quantitative understanding and optimization are then summarized. This material is intended to provide the background required by workers who wish to choose the appropriate bolometer technology for a given measurement, or to evaluate a novel technology. Section II, then describes the various components of an efficient bolometer and gives details of the fabrication and performance of modern bolometers. This discussion focuses on composite bolometers with semiconducting thermometers for operation at and below liquid helium temperatures. The tradeoffs involved in using superconducting thermometers at low temperatures are discussed. Finally, a discussion is given of bolometers for operation at liquid nitrogen temperature which use the new high-Tc superconductors as thermometers.