gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Contrast, High-Intensity Petawatt-Class Laser and Applications (2014)

A high-contrast high-intensity petawatt-class Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification laser has been developed for research on high field science. A saturable absorber and a low-gain optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification preamplifier in the front-end have improved the temporal contrast in the system to ∼ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math>$2 \times 10^{12}$</tex-math></inline-formula> on the subnanosecond time scale at the ∼70 TW power level. In addition to the high-contrast broadband high-energy output from the final amplifier has been achieved with a flat-top spatial profile with a filling factor of ∼70%. This is the result of pump beam spatial profile homogenization with diffractive optical elements. The system produces the uncompressed output pulse energy of 29 J, indicating the capability for reaching a peak power of ∼600 TW. We discuss in detail the design, performance, and characterization of the laser including output power, pulse duration, and spatiotemporal beam quality. We also describe the on-going upgrade of the laser system and some applications for the laser in relativistic dominated laser–matter interactions.
Depth estimation from a single CD-SEM image using domain adaptation with multimodal data (2022)

There is a growing need for accurate depth measurements of on-chip structures, fueled by the ongoing size reduction of integrated circuits. However, current metrology methods do not offer a satisfactory solution. As Critical Dimension Scanning Electron Microscopes (CD-SEMs) are already being used for fast and local 2D imaging, it would be beneficial to leverage the 3D information hidden in these images. In this paper, we present a method that can predict depth maps from top-down CD-SEM images. We demonstrate that the proposed neural network architecture, together with a tailored training procedure, leads to accurate depth predictions on synthetic and real experimental data. Our training procedure includes a domain adaptation step, which utilizes data from a different modality (scatterometry), in the absence of ground truth data in the experimental CD-SEM domain. The mean relative error of the proposed method is smaller than 6.2% on a contact-hole dataset of synthetic CD-SEM images with realistic noise levels. Furthermore, we show that the method performs well in terms of important semiconductor metrics. To the extent of our knowledge, we are the first to achieve accurate depth estimation results on experimental data, by combining data from the aforementioned modalities. We achieve a mean relative error smaller than 1%.
Dental Age Estimation Using Multiphoton Microscopy: A Potential Tool for Forensic Science (2022)

Normal aging affects the different structures of teeth, in particular, the dentine. These changes are useful in forensic disciplines as a tool for age estimation. Although multiphoton (MP) microscopy has been used to explore dental pieces, a relationship between age and MP response of the human dentine has not been proposed yet. The relationship between MP signals and natural dentine aging is investigated herein. An index of age (INAG) combining two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images has been used to quantify these changes. The results show that the INAG significantly decreases with age. Moreover, peritubular dentine size and collagen internal properties are also modified with age. This information confirms the usefulness of this technique in forensic age estimation after disasters (natural or manmade) with a lack of comprehensive fingerprint database. Courts and other government authorities might also benefit from this tool when the official age of individuals under special circumstances is required for legal or medical reasons.
A fine-grain multithreading superscalar architecture (2002)

In this study we show that fine-grain multithreading is an effective way to increase instruction-level parallelism and hide the latencies of long-latency operations in a superscalar processor. The effects of long-latency operations, such as remote memory references, cache-misses, and multi-cycle floating-point calculations, are detrimental to performance since such operations typically cause a stall. Even superscalar processors, that are capable of performing various operations in parallel, are vulnerable. A fine-grain multithreading paradigm and unique multithreaded superscalar architecture is presented. Simulation results show significant speedup over single-threaded superscalar execution.
Metreleptin-mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity are independent of food intake in humans with lipodystrophy (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01778556FUNDING. This research was supported by the intramural research program of the NIDDK.
Young's modulus of a switchable peptide film (2007)

We report the structure and Young's modulus of switchable films formed by peptide self-assembly at the air-water interface. Peptide AM1 forms an interfacial film that can be switched reversibly from a high- to a low-elasticity state, accompanied by rapid loss of stability in peptide-containing emulsions or foams. By neutron reflectometry, we find the AM1 film comprises a thin (ca. 15 Å) monolayer of folded peptide in both states, confirming that it is possible to alter the mechanical properties of an interfacial ensemble without significantly altering its architecture. Based on the film thickness, we report the first experimentally determined Young's modulus for a peptide film self-assembled at a fluid interface (E = 80 MPa for AM1, switching to E &lt; 20 MPa). The findings suggest a fundamental link between E and the macroscopic stability of peptide-containing foams and emulsions
Analysis of target velocity and position estimation via doppler-shift measurements (2011)

This paper outlines the problem of doppler-based target position and velocity estimation using a sensor network. The minimum number of doppler shift measurements at distinct generic sensor positions to have a finite number of solutions, and later, a unique solution for the unknown target position and velocity is stated analytically, for the case when no measurement noise is present. Furthermore, we study the same problem where not only doppler shift measurements are collected, but also other types of measurements are available, e.g. bearing or distance to the target from each of the sensors. Subsequently, allowing nonzero measurement noise, we present an optimization method to estimate the position and the velocity of the target. An illustrative example is presented to show the validity of the analysis and the performance of the estimation method proposed. Some concluding remarks and future work directions are presented in the end. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA &amp; AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.
Abstract 4069: FGFR2 expression and mutation are rare in papillary renal cell carcinoma. (2013)

Abstract Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1 signaling has been implicated to play a role in RCC (Tsimafeyeu et al. ASCO meeting 2010). We evaluated expression and mutational activation of FGFR2 as a potential target for therapy of pRCC. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of removed 71 primary tumors from untreated pRCC patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry with FGFR2 antibody. FGFR2 mutations were assessed by PCR and direct sequencing, with DNA obtained from 62 paraffin-embedded pRCC samples. Expression of FGFR2 was observed in 8.5% of primary pRCC (6/71). Intensity was 3+ in all cases. 2 of 71 (3%) patients had nuclear FGFR2 expression. FGFR2 S252W mutation was detected at low frequency (1/62, 1.6%) in pRCC (type I). No N549K mutation was detected in pRCC (0/43). FGFR2 expression and mutation are rare across papillary types of RCC. This study was supported by Mr. Sergey Kartashov. Citation Format: Ilya V. Tsimafeyeu, Nigel Wynn, Marat Gordiyev, Alfia Khasanova. FGFR2 expression and mutation are rare in papillary renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4069
Hydrogels with Lotus Leaf Topography: Investigating Surface Properties and Cell Adhesion (2016)

The interactions of cells with the surface of materials is known to be influenced by a range of factors that include chemistry and roughness; however, it is often difficult to probe these factors individually without also changing the others. Here we investigate the role of roughness on cell adhesion while maintaining the same underlying chemistry. This was achieved by using a polymerization in mold technique to prepare poly(hydroxymethyl methacrylate) hydrogels with either a flat topography or a topography that replicated the microscale features of lotus leaves. These materials were then assessed for cell adhesion, and atomic force microscopy and contact angle analysis were then used to probe the physical reasons for the differing behavior in relation to cell adhesion.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Di and Trisubstituted Enol Phosphinates with N,P‐Ligated Iridium Complexes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Incidence, Patterns, and Clinical Relevance of Variant Portal Vein Anatomy (2004)

Variant portal vein anatomy is nearly as common as variant hepatic artery anatomy. The complexity of hepatic interventions now performed by interventional radiologists and surgeons, including portal vein embolization, anatomic resection, and transplantation, make recognition and understanding of normal and variant portal vein anatomy increasingly important.
Diastereoselective Hydride Addition to [Tp‘W(CO)(PhCCMe)(NHCRR‘)][BAr‘4]:  Effects of Equilibrium and Kinetic Acidity (2004)

A series of alkyl and aryl amido, imine, azavinylidene, and amine complexes containing the [Tp‘W(CO)(PhCCMe)]+ fragment have been synthesized. Reaction of Na[HBEt3] with an E/Z mixture of [Tp‘W(CO)(PhCCMe)(NHCMeEt)][BAr‘4] results in hydride addition at the imine carbon to form the amido complex with high diastereoselectivity. This high diastereoselectivity reflects differentiation between methyl and ethyl groups on the substrate imine carbon. A competing reaction forms an azavinylidene complex as a minor product via deprotonation of the coordinated imine ligand in the reagent. The ratio of amido to azavinylidene products tracks the E to Z isomer ratio and suggests that different reaction pathways characterize these two isomers. Relative pKa's of the various imine and amine complexes have been measured in THF, and kinetic acidity measurements of related imine complexes have been used to help understand these results.
Gene Expression in Haploid and Hybrid Progeny from Crosses Between Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum1 (1973)

Gene expression was examined in haploid and hybrid progeny resulting from interspecific crosses of diploid Hordeum vulgare L. genetic marker stocks with diploid and tetraploid forms of H. bulbosum L. The expression of marker genes on all vulgare chromosomes occurred in the haploid progeny, an observation consistent with the concept that the haploids contain only vulgare chromosomes and that bulbosum chromosomes are selectively eliminated. However, the recessive genes of H. vulgare were masked in diploid and triploid hybrids by H. bulbosum genes, which is indicative of the occurrence of interallelic interactions and genome homology between the species. Gene interaction and expression in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids in relation to alien gene or chromosome transfers is discussed.
Shadow Transfer: Single Image Relighting For Urban Road Scenes (2019)

Illumination effects in images, specifically cast shadows and shading, have been shown to decrease the performance of deep neural networks on a large number of vision-based detection, recognition and segmentation tasks in urban driving scenes. A key factor that contributes to this performance gap is the lack of `time-of-day' diversity within real, labeled datasets. There have been impressive advances in the realm of image to image translation in transferring previously unseen visual effects into a dataset, specifically in day to night translation. However, it is not easy to constrain what visual effects, let alone illumination effects, are transferred from one dataset to another during the training process. To address this problem, we propose deep learning framework, called Shadow Transfer, that can relight complex outdoor scenes by transferring realistic shadow, shading, and other lighting effects onto a single image. The novelty of the proposed framework is that it is both self-supervised, and is designed to operate on sensor and label information that is easily available in autonomous vehicle datasets. We show the effectiveness of this method on both synthetic and real datasets, and we provide experiments that demonstrate that the proposed method produces images of higher visual quality than state of the art image to image translation methods.
ImpAct (2011)

ImpAct is a haptic stylus which can change its length dynamically and measure its orientation changes in 3 degrees of freedom. Combining it with a 3D simulated projection rendering mechanism as shown in Figure 2, it can make the illusion of going through a display surface in to the digital space below(Figure 1). Furthermore, once user get into the digital space, more realistic interactions with digital objects are provided with kinesthetic haptic feedback by applying force-feedback on the scalable stem.
Knowledge-based Extraction of Area of Expertise for Cooperation in Learning (2006)

Using each other's knowledge and expertise in learning - what we call cooperation in learning- is one of the major existing methods to reduce the number of learning trials, which is quite crucial for real world applications. In situated systems, robots become expert in different areas due to being exposed to different situations and tasks. As a consequence, areas of expertise (AOE) of the other agents must be detected before using their knowledge, especially when the exchanged knowledge is not abstract, and simple information exchange might result in incorrect knowledge, which is the case for Q-learning agents. In this paper we introduce an approach for extraction of AOE of agents for cooperation in learning using their Q-tables. The evaluating robot uses a behavioral measure to evaluate itself, in order to find a set of states it is expert in. That set is used, then, along with a Q-table-based feature for extraction of areas of expertise of other robots by means of a classifier. Extracted areas are merged in the last stage. The proposed method is tested both in extensive simulations and in real world experiments using mobile robots. The results show effectiveness of the introduced approach, both in accurate extraction of areas of expertise and increasing the quality of the combined knowledge, even when, there are uncertainty and perceptual aliasing in the application and the robot
Sequence of the exfoliative toxin B gene of Staphylococcus aureus (1986)

We sequenced the Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin B gene contained on a 1.7-kilobase HindIII fragment of plasmid pRW001. The gene was located by comparison of the amino acid sequences of open reading frames with the amino-terminal sequence of exfoliative toxin B and the total amino acid composition of the protein (A.D. Johnson, L. Spero, J.S. Cades, and B.T. De Cicco, Infect. Immun. 24:679-684, 1979). The primary translation product consists of 274 amino acids and contains a 31-amino-acid N-terminal peptide presumably necessary for transport.
Simulations of general electromagnetic fields propagation through optically anisotropic media (2015)

Accurate and flexible simulation techniques for light propagation through components made out of optical anisotropic media are highly demanded. However it is found that most of the existing methods discuss only on specific cases, like for certain types of incident fields, or for certain kinds of anisotropies. We present, based on the previous works of various researchers, a comprehensive numerical approach that deals with arbitrary electromagnetic fields and any kind of optical anisotropy. Various examples are presented to show the validity.
Impact of lipid‐based nutrient supplements and corn–soy blend on energy and nutrient intake among moderately underweight 8–18‐month‐old children participating in a clinical trial (2014)

Nutrition interventions have an effect on growth, energy and nutrient intake, and development, but there are mixed reports on the effect of supplementation of energy-dense foods on dietary intake. This substudy aimed at assessing the effect of supplementation with corn-soy blend (CSB) or lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) on energy and nutrient intake in moderately underweight children participating in a clinical trial. A total of 188 children aged 8-18 months participated and received daily either 284 kcal from CSB or 220 kcal from LNS and no supplements (control). An interactive 24-h recall method was used to estimate energy and nutrient intakes in the groups. Total mean energy intake was 548 kcal, 551 kcal and 692 kcal in the control, CSB and LNS groups, respectively (P = 0.011). The mean (95% confidence interval) intake of energy and protein were 144 (37-250; P < 0.001) and 46 (1.5-7.6; P < 0.001) larger, respectively, in the LNS group than among the controls. No significant differences were observed between the control and CSB groups. Energy intake from non-supplement foods was significantly lower in the CSB group compared with the control group, but not in the LNS group, suggesting a lower displacement of non-supplement foods with LNS. Both CSB and LNS supplementation resulted in higher intakes of calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin C compared with controls (all P ≤ 0.001). This study indicates that LNS might be superior to CSB to supplement underweight children as it results in higher energy intake, but this requires confirmation in other settings.
Fuzzy ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps (1992)

A neural network architecture is introduced for incremental supervised learning of recognition categories and multidimensional maps in response to arbitrary sequences of analog or binary input vectors, which may represent fuzzy or crisp sets of features. The architecture, called fuzzy ARTMAP, achieves a synthesis of fuzzy logic and adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural networks by exploiting a close formal similarity between the computations of fuzzy subsethood and ART category choice, resonance, and learning. Four classes of simulation illustrated fuzzy ARTMAP performance in relation to benchmark backpropagation and generic algorithm systems. These simulations include finding points inside versus outside a circle, learning to tell two spirals apart, incremental approximation of a piecewise-continuous function, and a letter recognition database. The fuzzy ARTMAP system is also compared with Salzberg's NGE systems and with Simpson's FMMC system.
Electronic properties of the MoS2-WS2heterojunction (2013)

We study the electronic structure of a heterojunction made of two monolayers of MoS${}_{2}$ and WS${}_{2}$. Our first-principles density functional calculations show that, unlike in the homogeneous bilayers, the heterojunction has an optically active band gap, smaller than the ones of MoS${}_{2}$ and WS${}_{2}$ single layers. We find that the optically active states of the maximum valence and minimum conduction bands are localized on opposite monolayers, and thus the lowest energy electron-holes pairs are spatially separated. Our findings portray the MoS${}_{2}$-WS${}_{2}$ bilayer as a prototypical example for band-gap engineering of atomically thin two-dimensional semiconducting heterostructures.
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Rad6B Is a Positive Regulator of β-Catenin Stabilization (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Materials from Rad6B Is a Positive Regulator of β-Catenin Stabilization
CorGAN: Correlation-Capturing Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks for Generating Synthetic Healthcare Records (2020)

Deep learning models have demonstrated high-quality performance in areas such as image classification and speech processing. However, creating a deep learning model using electronic health record (EHR) data, requires addressing particular privacy challenges that are unique to researchers in this domain. This matter focuses attention on generating realistic synthetic data while ensuring privacy. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called correlation-capturing Generative Adversarial Network (CorGAN), to generate synthetic healthcare records. In CorGAN we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks to capture the correlations between adjacent medical features in the data representation space by combining Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks and Convolutional Autoencoders. To demonstrate the model fidelity, we show that CorGAN generates synthetic data with performance similar to that of real data in various Machine Learning settings such as classification and prediction. We also give a privacy assessment and report on statistical analysis regarding realistic characteristics of the synthetic data. The software of this work is open-source and is available at: https://github.com/astorfi/cor-gan.
A Lowering of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Women with a BRCA1 Mutation by Selenium Supplementation of Diet (2006)

Keywords: selenium, BRCA1, cancer prevention



It has been shown that individuals with inherited predisposition to cancer (including colon, breast and ovary) have increased sensitivity to bleomycin. We published that bleomycin-induced chromosomal instability in BRCA1 carriers is inhibited by selenium supplementation in physiologic (according to WHO) doses. Selenium was shown to reduce the risk of several cancers.

The aim of our study is to verify the idea that selenium supplementation of diet reduces the risk of cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation. We performed two pilot studies involving 200 healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers (100 matched pairs - cases and controls). After two years of oral selenium administration the frequency of BRCA1-associated tumours was two times lower in women who supplemented their diet with selenium, as compared to women without supplementation.

We decided to verify these results in a clinical trial of a large series of BRAC1 positive women. This project includes 1,800 BRCA1 carriers aged older than 25, healthy or after unilateral mastectomy because of breast cancer. All women supplement their diet with selenium solution (Sel Vita Gen) produced by Vifarm S.A. in Warsaw. Fourteen centres throughout Poland participated in this study. Until December 2005 the study included 1,469 women with the BRCA1 mutation. Now, 960 women have regular supplementation with Sel Vita Gen and these are seen every 6 months for control visits (clinical examination and analysis of serum selenium level). 509 do not have supplementation because of pregnancy, bad toleration, or withdrawal of their participation.

After 18 months of this study we reported 8 new cases of cancer in healthy women (5 breast cancers, 2 ovarian duct cancers, 1 ovarian cancer) and 8 cancer cases in women after mastectomy (5 breast cancers, 3 ovarian cancers). In order to obtain reliable results we will continue this study until we diagnose at least 60 new cases of cancer.