gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional neural networks at the interface of physical and digital data (2016)

Electron and X-ray interactions with matter can be recorded as digital images, which are signal acquisition mechanisms often used to investigate materials microstructure. Recently, the ability to quickly acquire large datasets at high resolution has created new challenges in areas that rely upon image-based information. The proposed analysis schemes employ Convolutional Neural Networks as the core algorithm in the reconnaissance of expected events from data gathered in two regimes: experimentally and by simulation. At the interface of physical and digital datasets, we propose classification schemes that exploit complex geometrical structure from scientific images through different machine learning packages, such as MatConvNet and TensorFlow. Our results show correct classification rates over 90% considering thousands of samples from four image modalities: cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray scattering and X-ray microtomography. Our main contributions are: (a) developing algorithms designed for data that stem from physical experiments; (b) building new software to constrain parameter space, particularly given new hardware; and (c) testing different CNN models for classification of scientific images.
Acute myocardial infarction in sickle cell anaemia associated with severe hypoxia (1990)

A 17 year old boy with sickle cell anaemia presented with acute myocardial infarction associated with severe hypoxia and reticulocytopenia. Ischaemic heart disease is rare in sickle cell anemia and in this case it is possible that the acute episode of hypoxia led to myocardial infarction.
A New Medium Access Control Protocol for the Next Generation Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

In ad hoc wireless networks, there are scenarios where the desired destination is located in the range of other transmitters, so that the efforts on setting up communication with this terminal will fail due to collisions that may occur between transmitted control frames and undesired received control and data frames. This phenomenon becomes a bottleneck when most of data transmissions experience packet fragmentation. In such scenarios, the desired destination becomes unreachable during the data transfer of neighboring nodes. Using the same PHY of IEEE 802.11 and making slight modifications in its MAC, a new medium access control scheme equipped by a novel transmission scheduling algorithm is presented to address such problems. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with earlier schemes through simulation-based evaluations, showing performance enhancement due to better handling of unreachability issues
Evolutionary genomics of ecological specialization (2004)

We used a combination of genomic techniques to monitor chromosomal evolution across hundreds of generations as Escherichia coli adapted to growth-limiting concentrations of either lactulose, methyl-galactoside, or a 72:28 mixture of the two. DNA microarrays identified 8 unique duplications and 16 unique deletions among 42 evolvants from 23 chemostat experiments. Each mutation was confirmed by sequencing PCR-amplified flanking genomic DNA and, except for one deletion, an insertion sequence was found at the break point. vPCR of insertion sequences identified these same mutations and 16 additional insertions (all confirmed by sequencing). The pattern of genomic evolution is highly reproducible. Statistical analyses show that duplications at lac and mutations in mgl are adaptations specific to lactulose and to methyl-galactoside, respectively. Adaptation to mixed sugars is characterized by similar mutations, but lac duplications and mgl mutations usually arise in different backgrounds, producing ecological specialists for each sugar. This suggests that an antagonistic pleiotropic tradeoff between duplications at lac and mutations in mgl retards the evolution of generalists. Other mutations that repeatedly appear in replicate experiments are adaptations to the chemostat environment and are not specific to one or the other sugar.
Carbon Nanotube Growth Technologies Using Tantalum Barrier Layer for Future ULSIs with Cu/Low-k Interconnect Processes (2005)

We succeeded in developing carbon nanotube (CNT) vias specifically adapted for the copper interconnect process used in ultra large-scale integrated circuits. The CNTs were grown selectively on titanium films using Co catalyst films. The use of tantalum enabled CNTs to be grown on Cu lines and prevented any increase in the sheet resistance of the Cu lines. A Cu wire/CNT via/Cu wire structure was fabricated and low resistance of the via was demonstrated. In addition, tests showed that a high current density of about 10 6 A/cm 2 flowed into the CNT via for 125 hours.
Selective-area and sidewall growth by atomic layer epitaxy (1993)

The applicability of atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) to the problems encountered in fabricating advanced devices required for future applications will be discussed. Particular emphasis will be placed on the requirements for selective and conformal growth. The fabrication already achieved of unique device structures by ALE in trenches and on sidewalls will be reviewed.
ISM Masses and Star Formation at z = 1 to 6 ALMA Observations of Dust Continuum in 180 Galaxies in COSMOS (2015)

ALMA Cycle 2 observations of the long wavelength dust emission in 180 star-forming (SF) galaxies are used to investigate the evolution of ISM masses at z = 1 to 6.4. The ISM masses exhibit strong increases from z = 0 to $\rm $ = 1.15 and further to $\rm $ = 2.2 and 4.8, particularly amongst galaxies above the SF galaxy main sequence (MS). The galaxies with highest SFRs at $\rm $ = 2.2 and 4.8 have gas masses 100 times that of the Milky Way and gas mass fractions reaching 50 to 80\%, i.e. gas masses 1 - 4$\times$ their stellar masses. For the full sample of galaxies, we find a single, very simple SF law: $\rm SFR \propto M_{\rm ISM}^{0.9}$, i.e. a `linear' dependence on the ISM mass -- on and above the MS. Thus, the galaxies above the MS are converting their larger ISM masses into stars on a timescale similar to those on the MS. At z $&gt; 1$, the entire population of star-forming galaxies has $\sim$5 - 10$\times$ shorter gas depletion times ($\sim0.2$ Gyr) than galaxies at low redshift. These {\bf shorter depletion times are due to a different, dominant mode of SF in the early universe} -- dynamically driven by compressive, high dispersion gas motions and/or galaxy interactions. The dispersive gas motions are a natural consequence of the extraordinarily high gas accretion rates which must occur to maintain the prodigious SF.
Hsp90 prevents interaction between CHIP and HERG proteins to facilitate maturation of wild-type and mutant HERG proteins (2013)

Enhancement of HERG protein expression through Hsp90 inhibition of CHIP binding might be a novel therapeutic strategy for long QT syndrome 2 caused by trafficking abnormalities of HERG proteins.
Toward establishing criteria for polymer imprinting using mean-field theory (2002)

Increased attention is being focused on engineering micro- and nanostructured materials. Of special technological and scientific interest are engineered materials capable of molecular recognition based on pore size, shape, and functionality. The molecular specificity can be achieved using molecular imprinting techniques. This paper aims to initiate theoretical work to establish criteria for successful molecular imprinting. Using the path-integral mean field theory, we modeled cross-linked polymer networks in the presence of excluded volume particles. Current experimental data is insufficient for a quantitative comparison with our predicted scaling laws. Nevertheless, we were able to predict general experimental trends concerning the positive dependence of the formation of stable molecular templates on the degree of cross-linking and the negative dependence on the size and density of the template molecules.
Energy dependence of the yields of ion-induced sputtering of monatomic solids (1983)

dataset
Automatic assembly of multiscale models and its application to a family of homogenized models of wave propagation through interfaces having a periodic structure (2019)

MEMSALab is a software in development that will al-low the generation of multiscale multi-physics model families based on their derivation. Here, we present a mini-language to express such models in a way that is both relatively simple and generates the tree structures necessary for derivations. For validation, it is used for the direct construction (i.e. without derivation) of a family of homogenized models of propagation of waves through an interface with periodic structure. The different models are built according to the principle of reusability based on our extension-combination method. In this respect, recent results for this method are announced.
A. DOUBLING TRANSITIONS OF METAL OXIDES MEASURED BY MODR: CUO (1988)

The sensitivity of the microwave-optical double resonance (MODR) technique has made it possible to record the spectra of transient chemical compounds in both their ground and excited electronic states. Although the majority of the measured microwave(or rf) transitions involve strong electric dipole allowed transitions between rotational levels, both magnetic dipole allowed and weakly electric dipole allowed A-doubling transitions have been recorded. A previous limitation in applying the technique to molecules produced in high temperature environments has been designing an effective method of simultaneously introducing the laser and low frequency microwave or rf radiation. This limitation precluded measuring A-doubling transitions in many metal containing compounds. Here we report on a method for measuring the low frequency transitions by MODR using a tri-plate transmission line for the introduction of the rf radiation. The $X^{2}\\Pi_{1/2} (j-1.5)$ A-doublet transition of gas-phase copper monoxide. CuO. has been recorded. The measured transition frequencies were merged with previos rotational transition measurements1 and an improved set of spectroscopic parameters were obtained. The results of these experiments will be discussed.
Epilogue (2018)

Most of the discussion in the previous chapters has implicitly been centered on multi-purpose or general-purpose observatories. Two examples at the other end of the spectrum of breadth of purpose would be the Kepler mission and the Gaia mission (Fig. 9.1). Gaia was designed to be a continuously sweeping field to provide a complete survey over time of the 4&pi; steradian celestial sphere. Kepler was designed to point at one single field and not flinch. The scientific goals drove the detector technology development to provide the largest array of pixels for a focal plane at that time. The mission was to observe a large sample of stars over a long period of time to detect radiometric fluctuations that indicate the presence of planets. Failures in the reaction wheels appeared after a successful mission life. This result provided an unplanned opportunity to develop with a creative, new mission-architecture concept that led to the extended K2 mission. The K2 concept utilized the presence of solar pressure on the solar panels to provide stabilization of the angular momentum in one DOF, which in combination with the remaining wheels provides stable control. However, the fields to be observed needed to be redefined.
A Quality by Design and green LC technique for the determination of mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist (Olopatadine HCl) in multiple formulations (2022)

Mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist olopatadine hydrochloride (OPT) assay method predicated on LC have been established for the analysis in multiple formulations. The current method dealt with ophthalmic solution, nasal spray, and tablet formulation products. The isocratic chromatography method was optimized and validated with a Boston green C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm i.d.). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) with acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 (v/v) was used as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min<sup>-1</sup> and at the column temperature of 30°C, and the detection was done at 299 nm. The method was validated as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). The accuracy results ranged from 99.9 to 100.7%, % relative standard deviation (RSD) from the precision was 0.5, and correlation coefficient from the linearity experiment was > 0.999. Solution stability was established for 24 h at room temperature and refrigerator conditions, and it was found that the solutions were stable. Using quality by design-based experiment designs, critical quality attributes were studied and it was found that the method was robust. In all the forced degradation studies peak purity was passed, and no interference was found at the retention time of the active component. The method validation data demonstrated that the developed method is linear, precise, accurate, specific, robust, and stable for the determination of OPT from multiple formulations. Analytical eco-scale tool, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) tool, and the National Environmental Method Index (NEMI) were used to evaluate the greenness of the method, and the analytical eco-score of 77 for the presented method was found to be excellent.
Friction of polymer hydrogels studied by resonance shear measurements (2015)

The friction between an elastomer and a hard surface typically has two contributors, i.e., the interfacial and deformation components. The friction of viscoelastic hydrogel materials has been extensively studied between planar gel and planar substrate surfaces from the viewpoint of an interfacial interaction. However, the geometry of the contact in practical applications is much more complex. The contribution of geometric and elastic deformation terms of a gel to friction could not be neglected. In this study, we used resonance shear measurements (RSMs) for characterizing the shear response of a glass sphere on a flat polymer hydrogel, a double network (DN) gel of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and N,N-dimethylacrylamide. The contact mechanics conformed to the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory. The observed resonance curves exhibited rather sharp peaks when the DN gel and the silica sphere were brought into contact, and their intensity and frequency increased with the increase in the normal load. We proposed a simple physical model of the shearing system, and the elastic (k2) and viscous (b2) parameters of the interface between a silica sphere and a flat DN gel were obtained. The friction force from elastic deformation and viscous dissipation terms was then estimated using the obtained parameters. It was revealed that the elastic parameter (k2) increased up to 1780 N m(-1) at a normal load of 524 mN, while the viscous parameter (b2) was zero or quite low (<0.1 N s m(-1)) for a silica sphere (radius of 18.4 mm). Thus, the friction force between a flat DN gel and a silica sphere in air was dominated by the elastic term due to the local deformation by contact with the silica sphere. By adding water, the elastic parameter (k2) remained the same, while the viscous parameter (b2) slightly increased. However, the viscous term fviscous was still much smaller than felastic. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first quantitative estimation of the contribution of the elastic deformation term to the friction in the case when deformation of non-flat contact regions occurs. The obtained results can be basic knowledge for designing gels for applications such as artificial cartilages and sliding bearings.
Stability Estimation of ABWR on the Basis of Noise Analysis (2008)

In order to investigate the stability of a nuclear reactor core with an oxide mixture of uranium and plutonium (MOX) fuel installed, channel stability and regional stability tests were conducted with the SIRIUS-F facility. The SIRIUS-F facility was designed and constructed to provide a highly accurate simulation of thermal-hydraulic (channel) instabilities and coupled thermalhydraulics-neutronics instabilities of the Advanced Boiling Water Reactors (ABWRs). A real-time simulation was performed by modal point kinetics of reactor neutronics and fuel-rod thermal conduction on the basis of a measured void fraction in a reactor core section of the facility.A time series analysis was performed to calculate decay ratio and resonance frequency from a dominant pole of a transfer function by applying auto regressive (AR) methods to the time-series of the core inlet flow rate. Experiments were conducted with the SIRIUS-F facility, which simulates ABWR with MOX fuel installed. The variations in the decay ratio and resonance frequency among the five common AR methods are within 0.03 and 0.01 Hz, respectively. In this system, the appropriate decay ratio and resonance frequency can be estimated on the basis of the Yule-Walker method with the model order of 30.
An Imprawed Fuzzy Learning Algorithm for Motion Control Applications (1998)

In this paper we describe an improved fuzzy adapta- tion method to construct or change the knowledge base in the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The objective of the fuzzy logic adaptation mechanism (FLAM) is to change the rules defini- tion in the FLC rule 'base table, according to the comparison between a reference rnodel output signal and the system out- put. The FLAM is composed by a fuzzy inverse model and a knowledge base modifier. The learning algorithm has a local effect but differently from previous fuzzy strategies it uses an weighting factor for each active rule, to avoid unnecessary con- trol signal switching. We will show the efficiency of this method in a TMS320C30 DSP-based speed fuzzy control of a Perma- nent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The fuzzy logic adaptive strategy can be easily implemented. It has fast learn- ing features and very good tracking characteristics even under severe variations of ithe system parameters, due to the im- proved algorithm.
Guided Impact Mitigation in 2D and 3D Granular Crystals (2015)

We simulate the dynamics of impacts on 1D, 2D and 3D arrays of metallic spheres in order to design novel granular protection systems. The dynamics of these highly organized systems of spheres, commonly called granular crystals, are governed by the contact law that describes how each particle interacts with the others. We use our recently developed force-displacement model of the dynamic compression of elastic-plastic spheres as the building block to investigate the response of systems comprised of metallic spheres to an impact. We first provide preliminary experimental results using a drop tower as validation of our numerical approach for 2D and 3D systems. We then use simulations of large periodic granular crystals in order to determine which particle properties govern the velocity of stress waves in these materials. We show that the properties of 1D systems can be scaled to predict the behavior of more complex 2D and 3D granular crystals. Because we can choose the material properties of each of the constituent particles and design how the particles are geometrically packed, we can leverage the heterogeneity of the system to create materials with unique properties such as anisotropic local stiffnesses and wave propagation velocities. We show that these materials allow us to design the dispersion and dissipation properties within the material in order to influence the propagation of a stress wave. Using these materials, we can therefore design protection systems or armor that directs damage away from sensitive parts or localizes damage to an unimportant area after impact from a projectile or a blast.
Norepinephrine modulates human dendritic cell activation by altering cytokine release (2008)

Norepinephrine (NE) can modulate dendritic cell (DC) activation in animal models, but the response of human DC to NE and other response modifiers is as yet not completely understood. Here we report the effect of NE on the cytokine response of a mixed population of human DC cells to extracellular stimuli. These cells were obtained by differentiating human cord blood CD34+ precursor cells. NE inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-23, IL-12 p40, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-6 whereas the expression of IL-10 was not significantly affected. Thus, human cord blood-derived DC respond to NE in a manner similar to mouse Langerhans cells (LC). Furthermore, forskolin also inhibited the LPS-induced levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12 p40, IL-23 p19 and IL-6, supporting the hypothesis that the effects of NE are mediated by cAMP. Data from experiments using inhibitors of adrenergic receptors suggest that NE acts through beta-adrenergic receptors. As IL-23 promotes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells required for T(H)1-mediated immunity, we suggest that NE decreases the differentiation of CD4+ T cells needed for T(H)1-mediated contact hypersensitivity and that NE is a candidate regulator of human DC functions in the skin.
Effect of Hydroxyl Content and Molecular Weight of Biodegradable Ethylcellulose on Demulsification of Water-in-Diluted Bitumen Emulsions (2011)

Ethylcellulose (EC) polymers with different hydroxyl content and molecular weight were synthesized in tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride/dimethyl sulfoxide medium. Their performance for demulsification of water-in-naphtha diluted bitumen emulsions was evaluated. It was found that EC with 4.5 wt % hydroxyl (degree of hydroxyl substitution, 2.4) is the most effective in demulsification. The demulsification efficiency of EC could be linked to its interfacial activity and potency of flocculation. The potency of flocculation by EC depends on its molecular weight and hydroxyl content, which affect molecular interactions. EC with higher molecular weight was found to be more effective in the demulsification of water-in-naphtha diluted bitumen emulsions.
[Components of Serratula species; screening for ecdysteroid and inorganic constituents of some Serratula plants]. (1999)

Ecdysteroid and inorganic components were analyzed from several plant species belonging to Caryophyllaceae family, such as in the cases of Serratula tinctoria, Serratula wolffii, Serratula coronata (20-hydroxyecdysone and inorganic components) and Jurinea mollis, Serratula gmellinii and Leuzea carthamoides (inorganic components, only). The 20-hydroxyecdysone content was determined using thin-layer chromatography after a simple clean up that had been performed by solid-phase extraction. Inorganic constitutents were determined using either ICP or flame photometry. Vegetation dependence of both 20-hydroxyecdysone and inorganic elements was studied. Serratula coronata shows remarkable high 20-hydroxyecdysone (2.3%, in April) and the studied Serratula plants gave a minimum of 20-hydroxyecdysone in June. Favorable period for harvesting is suggested as July and August, through the blossoming of these plants. Potassium and 20-hydroxyecdysone content gave a similar tendency considering their vegetation dependence, while the magnesium content moved toward opposite direction. The calcium contents of Serratula tinctoria, Serratula wolffii and Serratula coronata were found between 2.2% and 3.8%, which values are high relative to the other medicinal plants. At the same time, the Cu content of the ecdysteroid producing (and screened) Caryophyllaceae plants is low. The Fe, Mn and Mg contents of Serratula coronata are high, even higher than that of the Leuzea carthamoides. Our results have suggested the importance of analysis and control of inorganic constituents of crude plant extracts used for medicinal and recreational purposes.
[Accessibility of peritoneal organs according to the routes of approach in NOTES]. (2008)

For exploration of lower organs, there is statistically no significant difference in time between transgastric and transcolonic approaches. But, in case of upper organs, transcolonic approach is superior to transgastric approach.