gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of fumed silica nanoparticles on the proton conductivity of polyimide–phosphoric anhydride membranes (2012)

A series of aromatic polyimide–phosphoric anhydride composite membranes loaded with fumed silica (FS) nanoparticles were prepared from polyamic acid (PAA). First, the influence of the percentage loading of phosphoric anhydride (PA) on the proton conductivity of polyimide (PI) membranes was studied. The PA-PI film containing 45% of PA showed proton conductivity of 1.31 × 10 −4 S/cm at 80°C, whereas the conductivity of neat PI films was 1.80 × 10 −6 S/cm at room temperature. Next, the effects of the FS nanoparticles on the proton conductivity, the mechanical and thermal properties of the formulated PA-PI membranes were studied. Forty-five percent of the PA-PI membrane loaded with 1% FS (45% PA-PI/1% FS) showed an enhanced conductivity of 2.78 × 10 −4 S/cm at 80°C when compared to the neat 45% PA-PI membrane. The tensile strength of the 45% PA-PI/1% FS nanocomposite membrane was comparable to the Nafion proton conductive membranes. The thermal analysis of 45% PA-PI/1% FS nanocomposite membranes showed that these membranes were thermally stable and suitable for high-temperature applications.
The arithmetic of centrosome biogenesis (2004)

How do cells regulate centrosome number? A canonical duplication cycle generates two centrosomes from one in most proliferating cells. Centrioles are key to this process, and molecules such as centrins, SAS-4 and ZYG-1 govern daughter centriole formation. Cdk2 activity probably couples centrosome duplication with the S phase, and a licensing mechanism appears to limit centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle. However, such mechanisms must be altered in some cells--for example, spermatocytes--in which centrosome duplication and DNA replication are uncoupled. There are also alternative pathways of centrosome biogenesis. For example, one centrosome is reconstituted from two gametes at fertilization; in this case, the most common strategy involves differential contributions of centrioles and pericentriolar material (PCM) from each gamete. Furthermore, centrioles can sometimes form de novo from no apparent template. This occurs, for instance, in the early mouse embryo and in parthenogenetic species and might rely on a pre-existing seed that resides within PCM but is not visible by ultrastructural analysis.
The role of drebrin in dendritic spines (2017)

Dendritic spines form typical excitatory synapses in the brain and their shapes vary depending on synaptic inputs. It has been suggested that the morphological changes of dendritic spines play an important role in synaptic plasticity. Dendritic spines contain a high concentration of actin, which has a central role in supporting cell motility, and polymerization of actin filaments (F-actin) is most likely involved in spine shape changes. Drebrin is an actin-binding protein that forms stable F-actin and is highly accumulated within dendritic spines. Drebrin has two isoforms, embryonic-type drebrin E and adult-type drebrin A, that change during development from E to A. Inhibition of drebrin A expression results in a delay of synapse formation and inhibition of postsynaptic protein accumulation, suggesting that drebrin A has an important role in spine maturation. In mature synapses, glutamate stimulation induces rapid spine-head enlargement during long-term potentiation (LTP) formation. LTP stimulation induces Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which causes drebrin exodus from dendritic spines. Once drebrin exits from dendritic spine heads, the dynamic actin pool increases in spine heads to facilitate F-actin polymerization. To maintain enlarged spine heads, drebrin-decorated F-actin is thought to reform within the spine heads. Thus, drebrin plays a pivotal role in spine plasticity through regulation of F-actin.
GM 9540P Cyclic Accelerated Corrosion Analysis of Nonchromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminum Alloys 2024, 2219, 5083, and 7075 Using DOD Paint Systems (2003)

Abstract : This study examines corrosion resistance of eight nonchromate conversion coatings versus bexavalent chromium based Alodine 1200 controls on scribed coated test panels of aluminum alloys 2024, 2219, 5083, and 7075. Five representative DOD primer/topcoat organic coating systems were evaluated for each of the conversion coating/alloy combinations. Scribed panels were exposed using GM 9540P for 120 cycles duration and were photographed and measured at 20 cycle immediate intervals for scribe creepback using method ASTM D 1654. Differences in pretreatment performance based upon variation in coating type as well as alloy were noted. How these data may relate with respect to implementation of nonchromate pretreatments for different military applications is discussed.
Behavioral and social mechanisms behind pattern formation: an experimental study of animal movement (2018)

Although animal movement behaviors are influenced by spatial heterogeneity, such behaviors can also generate spatial heterogeneity via interactions with the emergent spatial structure and other individuals (i.e., the social landscape). Elucidate the behavioral and ecological mechanisms of pattern formation in a homogeneous resource landscape. We analyzed the movement pathways and space-use patterns of the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) within homogeneous resource landscapes (wheat kernels). Experimental trials consisted of individual beetles foraging alone or paired with a member of the same or different sex. We identified two sources of pattern formation: (1) beetles were attracted to areas where they or another beetle had previously fed, leading to increased patchiness via positive reinforcement; and (2) the presence of conspecifics affected whether and at what scales patchiness occurred. Solitary males had lower rates of movement and less tortuous pathways than solitary females, but both sexes generated fine-scale patchiness in the resource distribution. Patchy resource landscapes were also generated by male–female pairs, but not by same-sex pairings. Paired females in particular exhibited significantly greater daily net displacements and more random space use than solitary females. Pattern formation is a complex process, even in a relatively simple, homogeneous resource landscape. In particular, patterns created by individuals when foraging alone versus in pairs underscores how social interactions can fundamentally alter the resultant pattern of heterogeneity that emerges in resource landscapes.
Localization and quantification of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in human benign and malignant prostatic tissue (2000)

The results suggest a close association between MMP-2/TIMP-2 expression and local tumor invasion, with a disruption in expression of the two genes leading to disease progression. Future studies should focus on the activity of these enzymes and on the ratio of enzyme/inhibitor expression, which may become a useful prognostic marker in prostate cancer.
Fragmentation pathways for selected electronic states of the acetylene dication (2008)

Coincident measurement of the Auger electron and fragment ion momenta emitted after carbon core-level photoionization of acetylene has yielded new understanding of how the dication fragments. Ab initio calculations and experimental data, including body-frame Auger angular distributions, are used to identify the parent electronic states and together yield a comprehensive map of the dissociation pathways which include surface crossings and barriers to direct dissociation. The Auger angular distributions for certain breakup channels show evidence of core–hole localization.
Radotinib attenuates TGFβ -mediated pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: exploring the potential of drug repurposing (2022)

Taken together, these results indicate that Rb inhibits TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that Rb may be an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis-related disorders and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
A Forward Automatic Censored Cell-Averaging Detector For Multiple Target Situations In Log-Normal Clutter (2008)

A challenging problem in radar signal processing is to achieve reliable target detection in the presence of interferences. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for automatic censoring of radar interfering targets in log-normal clutter. The proposed algorithm, termed the forward automatic censored cell averaging detector (F-ACCAD), consists of two steps: removing the corrupted reference cells (censoring) and the actual detection. Both steps are performed dynamically by using a suitable set of ranked cells to estimate the unknown background level and set the adaptive thresholds accordingly. The F-ACCAD algorithm does not require any prior information about the clutter parameters nor does it require the number of interfering targets. The effectiveness of the F-ACCAD algorithm is assessed by computing, using Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of censoring and the probability of detection in different background environments.
The hemodynamic effects of double-orifice valve repair for mitral regurgitation: a 3D computational model1 (1999)

The hemodynamic behaviour of a double orifice mitral valve does not differ from that of a physiological valve of same total area: pressure drops and flow velocity across the valve are not influenced by the configuration of the valve. Echo Doppler estimation of the maximum velocities is a reliable method for the calculation of pressure gradients across the repaired valve.
Preferential expression of double-stranded ribonucleic acid in tumor versus normal cells: biological and clinical implications (1985)

In an effort to develop a new tumor marker suitable for flow cytometric analysis, we examined the value of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (ds-RNA) measurements using propidium iodide after DN'ase treatment. Cellular ds-RNA content was evaluated both in experimental cell lines and in clinical specimens. Higher levels of ds-RNA were present in tumor cells as compared with normal cells. In tumor cells, fluorescence was intensely localized in the nucleolus and was more diffuse in the cytoplasm. Change of less than 10% in the ds-RNA levels was observed in cell lines as a function of cytokinetic determinants such as cycle phase, culture age, and cycle traverse rate. Tumor differentiation by dimethylsulfoxide resulted in a significant decrease in cellular ds-RNA content. For quantitative comparison of clinical material, a ds-RNA excess was defined in relationship to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. ds-RNA excess greater than 30% was observed in only one of 34 normal tissues (3%) as compared with 124 of 201 neoplastic tissue samples (62%). This incidence was higher in patients with acute leukemia (76%), high-grade and intermediate-grade lymphoma (75%), and high tumor stage myeloma (83%), as compared with chronic leukemia (20%), low-grade lymphoma (25%), and intermediate or low tumor mass myeloma (43%). Prognostically, a high pretreatment ds-RNA excess in myeloma was associated with a lower remission rate. The persistence of ds-RNA excess in the bone marrow of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission predicted for a shorter remission duration (seven v 22 months; P = .05). We conclude that ds-RNA excess, as readily measured objectively and quantitatively by flow cytometry, may have important diagnostic and prognostic implications for the management of patients with malignant disease.
Role of Eph/ephrin tyrosine kinase in malignant glioma (2011)

Accumulating evidence has revealed that the tyrosine kinases play a major role in glioma proliferation and invasion. The largest family of tyrosine kinases, the Eph family, and its ligands, the ephrins, are frequently overexpressed in glioma, suggesting important roles for their bidirectional signals in glioma pathobiology. Ephs bind to cell surface-associated ephrin ligands on neighboring cells and have many biological functions during embryonic development of the central nervous system, including axon mapping, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Recent findings suggest that Eph/ephrin signaling affects glioma cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. However, their roles in glioma seem complex, because both tumor growth promoter and suppressor potentials have been ascribed to Ephs and ephrins. Here, we review recent advances in research on the role of Eph/ephrin signaling in glioma and suggest that the Eph/ephrin system could be a potential target of glioma therapy.
Design and Synthesis of Tranylcypromine-Derived LSD1 Inhibitors with Improved hERG and Microsomal Stability Profiles (2022)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. Several derivatives of tranylcypromine (<i>trans-</i>2-phenylcyclopropylamine) have been developed as LSD1 inhibitors. One such derivative is <b>S2157</b>; however, this compound has a high hERG channel inhibitory activity and a low microsomal stability, making it unsuitable as a drug candidate. Here, using an <i>in silico</i> hERG inhibition prediction model, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a novel series of <b>S2157</b> derivatives characterized by modifications of the benzyloxy and piperazine groups. Among the synthesized derivatives, a compound possessing 2-fluoropyridine and 2,8-diaza-spiro[4.5]decane groups (compound <b>10</b>) showed the most desirable activities, and its eutomer, <b>S1427</b>, was isolated by the optical resolution of <b>10</b>. In addition to potent LSD1 inhibitory activity, <b>S1427</b> exhibited desirable hERG channel inhibition and microsomal stability profiles.
Mutations in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome gene (CHS1) indicate requirement for the complete 3801 amino acid CHS protein (1997)

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare, usually fatal, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe immunologic defects, reduced pigmentation, progressive neurologic dysfunction and a bleeding diathesis. The hallmark of CHS is giant organelles and giant granules in many different cell types, most likely the result of defective trafficking of specific organellar and granular proteins necessary for the normal genesis, structure or function of these cytoplasmic components. The CHS1 gene has recently been identified and shown to be homologous to the beige locus of the mouse; however, there has been disagreement as to the length of the functional CHS1 mRNA and protein. Here we report homozygous CHS1 gene mutations in two of the original probands we used to map the gene to 1q42-q44. One of these, a frameshift at codon 3197, supports our assertion that the functional CHS protein is a predicted 3801 amino acid polypeptide encoded by a 13.5 kb mRNA.
First Synthesis of 1,1,4,4-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyphenyl)butane Type Compounds from Condensation of p-Substituted Phenol Derivatives with 2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in Trifluoroacetic Acid (1999)

Condensation reactions of 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran with p-substituted phenols and 2-naphthol in trifluoroacetic acid produce 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(2-hydroxyphenyl)butane type compounds and 1,2-bis(1,3-dibenzo[a,j]xanthyl)ethane in good yields.
Longitudinal SPECT study in Alzheimer's disease: relation to apolipoprotein E polymorphism (1998)

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is involved in the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease as the most severe cerebral hypoperfusion was found in the sigma4 allele subgroups. This might have implications for therapeutic approaches in Alzheimer's disease.
EPGA and rapid prototyping technology use in a special purpose computer for molecular genetics (2003)

A custom accelerator for gene sequence analysis is described. The use of rapid prototyping technology, the key to producing a working system in a short amount of time, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and in-house printed circuit board (PCB) prototyping, are discussed. Price-performance comparisons of the processor with other machines are offered. The processor is completely functional and yields a 15* performance improvement over an unassisted host.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantum Computers, Factoring, and Decoherence (1995)

It is known that quantum computers can dramatically speed up the task of finding factors of large numbers, a problem of practical significance for cryptographic applications. Factors of an L -digit number can be found in ∼ L 2 time [compared to ∼exp( L 1/3 ) time] by a quantum computer, which simultaneously follows all paths corresponding to distinct classical inputs, obtaining the solution from the coherent quantum interference of the alternatives. Here it is shown how the decoherence process degrades the interference pattern that emerges from the quantum factoring algorithm. For a quantum computer performing logical operations, an exponential decay of quantum coherence is inevitable. However, even in the presence of exponential decoherence, quantum computation can be useful as long as a sufficiently low decoherence rate can be achieved to allow meaningful results to be extracted from the calculation.
TRMT2B is responsible for both tRNA and rRNA m 5 U-methylation in human mitochondria (2020)

RNA species play host to a plethora of post-transcriptional modifications which together make up the epitranscriptome. 5-methyluridine (m<sup>5</sup>U) is one of the most common modifications made to cellular RNA, where it is found almost ubiquitously in bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic tRNAs at position 54. Here, we demonstrate that m<sup>5</sup>U54 in human mitochondrial tRNAs is catalysed by the nuclear-encoded enzyme TRMT2B, and that its repertoire of substrates is expanded to ribosomal RNAs, catalysing m<sup>5</sup>U429 in 12S rRNA. We show that TRMT2B is not essential for viability in human cells and that knocking-out the gene shows no obvious phenotype with regards to RNA stability, mitochondrial translation, or cellular growth.
Applications of Click Chemistry in Drug Discovery and Development (2016)

This chapter deals with 1,2,3-triazoles that are under various stages of investigation in the field of drug discovery and development. It also deals with the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-based drugs, which have already been in the market or have been approved. Drug discovery and development involve syntheses of new chemical entities/new molecular entities from the basic understanding of different disease processes. Synthesis of biologically active compounds possessing the 1,2,3-triazole core through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions has been reviewed. As the human carbonic anhydrase (CAs) IX and XII are validated, antitumor targets, such prodrug, isoform-selective inhibitors as the sulfocoumarins reported earlier, may be useful for identifying suitable drug candidates for clinical trials. A recent review focuses mainly on the applications of click reaction in the synthesis of agents with mechanism-based anticancer activity, which are divided into four groups: Topoisomerase II inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, and antimicrotubule agents.
Applications of Space Division Multiplexing and Those Performance in a MIMO Channel (2005)

Currently, space division multiplexing (SDM), where individual data streams are transmitted from different antennas simultaneously, is expected to be a promising technology for achieving a high data rate within a limited frequency band in a multiple-input multiple-output channel. In this paper, transmitter and receiver architectures of SDM applications are described, and performance improvement with the increase of data streams is shown referring to results of computer simulations. In addition, channel coded systems are also evaluated.
Organometallic Methods for the Synthesis and Functionalization of Azaindoles (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diffraction properties of volume holographic gratings for an ultrashort pulsed beam with different polarization states readout (2006)

The diffraction properties of volume holographic gratings are studied when the gratings are illuminated by an ultrashort pulsed beam with different polarization states. The developed coupled wave theory of Kogelnik is used. Considering the dispersion effect of the grating media, solutions for the diffracted and transmitted intensities, diffraction efficiencies and the bandwidths of the gratings are given in transmission volume holographic gratings and reflection volume holographic gratings. The bandwidths of the gratings are reduced by the dispersion effect of the grating media. They also have different influences on the diffraction of an ultrashort pulsed beam with different polarization states. For different values of the ratio of the spectral bandwidth of the input pulse to that of the grating, the changes of the spectral and temporal distributions of the diffracted intensities, as well as the diffraction efficiencies of the gratings are shown.
HCV Genotypes Are Differently Prone to the Development of Resistance to Linear and Macrocyclic Protease Inhibitors (2012)

The high degree of HCV genetic variability makes HCV-genotypes, and even subtypes, differently prone to the development of PIs resistance-mutations. Overall, this can account for different responsiveness of HCV-genotypes to PIs, with important clinical implications in tailoring individualized and appropriate regimens.
Humidity Sensitivity of Carbon Nanotube and Poly (Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride) Composite Films (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper demonstrates a highly sensitive humidity sensor based on carbon nanotube and poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) composite films. The composite film is deposited between interdigitated electrodes on a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm Si/SiO}_{2}$</tex></formula> substrate through layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The resistance stability of the composite film is effectively improved through thermal annealing, and I-V characteristic of the film exhibits a very good linear behavior. The resistance increases exponentially with relative humidity from 20% to 98%, and a much higher sensitivity in comparison with pure carbon nanotube networks is achieved. With temperature increased, the water vapor density versus RH shifts upwards, while the resistance is reduced downwards. The resistance is dependent on temperatures with a negative coefficient. The composite films with multiwalled carbon nanotubes show an adjacent sensitivity, compared with the single-walled carbon nanotube composite films. The experimental results show that the humidity sensors have a fast response and a short recovery time, and their response is reversible. A simple model is proposed to explain the change of composite film resistance with humidity. The carbon nanotubes junctions may play a more important role in the overall resistance change for water molecule absorption. </para>