gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of ordered microstructures in polyelectrolyte/surfactant systems: linear anionic polyelectrolytes and cetylpyridinium chloride (2000)

Synchrotron X-ray scattering was used for the structural investigation of complexes between anionic polyelectrolytes and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). According to the Bragg peaks, different types of ordering are proposed. Cetylpyridinium chloride in conjunction with carrageenan forms bilayers connecting rigid polysaccharide chains. In the presence of poly(styrenesulfonate), several micelles are bound to one chain. They appear rather small in size due to specific interactions with this polyion. In poly(acrylate)/CPC and poly(methacrylate)/CPC solutions, a cubic structure is indicated.
Effects of rheumatic mitral valvular disease and mitral valve replacement on growth and development. (1982)

The effects of rheumatic mitral valvular disease and mitral valve replacement on the growth and development of 37 Southern Chinese children were studied. The stature and body weight were measured before and after operation. All the patients had their skeletal maturity and cortical bone growth assessed after operation, but only 10 patients were similarly assessed before operation. At the time of operation the stature and body weight of all patients were generally retarded. The surgery which corrected the haemodynamic abnormality resulted in increases in the growth rates in stature and body weight but there was no evidence of a catch-up growth with subsequent return to normal dimensions. The patients who are skeletally immature had retarded bone ages and impaired growth of cortical bone. The general trend, though less marked, also showed a reduction in cortical bone in the skeletally mature patients. Surgery appears, at least partially, to alleviate the adverse effects of the disease on the growth and development of patients.
Quantitative Measurement of the Average Orbital Angular Momentum of Light with a Cylindrical Lens (2016)

We show that the average orbital angular momentum (OAM) of twisted light can be measured with a single stationary cylindrical lens and camera. Our method can be calibrated absolutely and measure arbitrary (non-integer) average OAM.
8. Movement of Rainfall Events in Prague Area (2003)

Precipitation is important input into the hydrological system. With its time and space distribution significantly influences outflow from the catchment. This contribution deals with movement of rainfall events in Prague area. Velocities and directions of storm movement have been estimated on the basis of two years measurement from PVS a.s. rain-gauge network. Mostly convective rainfall events have been evaluated. There are estimated mean parameters for whole area and partial values of rainfall movement for nine subareas, into which the Prague area has been divided. Results can be used for estimation of space-time rainfall distribution in the catchment.
A Factorization Approach for Activity Recognition (2003)

Understanding activities arising out of the interactions of a configuration of moving objects is an important problem in video understanding, with applications in surveillance and monitoring. A special situation is when the objects are small enough to be represented as points on a 2D plane. In this paper, we introduce a novel method of representing the activity by the deformations of the point configuration in a properly defined shape space. Instead of inferring about the activity directly from the motion tracks of the individual points, we propose to model an activity by the polygonal shape formed by joining the locations of these point masses at any time t, and its deformation as the activity unfolds. Given the locations of the 2D points over a sequence of frames in the video, the factorization theorem for matrices is used to obtain a set of basis shapes for each activity. An unknown activity can now be recognized by projecting onto these basis shapes. Also, once a specific activity is recognized, the deviations from it can be modeled by the deformations from the basis shape. This is used to identify an abnormal activity. We demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm using real-life video sequences in an airport surveillance environment. We are able to identify the major activities that take place in that setting and detect abnormal ones.
A theoretical formula for the solubility of hydrogen in metals (1937)

Abstract 1— In certain metals such as Cu, hydrogen appears to be dissolved in the metal in the form of free protons, which do not affect the normal metal lattice, even when present at very considerable concentrations. In other metals such as Ti, definite metal hydrides are formed which have a different lattice structure from the pure metal. The metal Pd is intermediate since the hydrogen affects the lattice constant. It is the properties of the former group of metals which are first to be discussed here, since the fact that the normal metal lattice is (practically) unaffected seems to justify a very simple theoretical treatment of the solubility, and it is of some interest to examine how the theory compares with the facts. We shall find that we can bring the facts and the theory into satisfactory order together. The various types of solubility curve are shown in fig. 1. 2— From evidence such as the well-known p1/2 law for the rate of diffusion of hydrogen through metals we may certainly assume that the hydrogen in the metal is atomic. For the present we shall neglect the difference between atoms of hydrogen and protons plus electrons, and merely assume that the atoms are present as such in the metal, without specific interaction with particular metallic atoms; the metal merely provides a region in which hydrogen atoms can exist and move in a definite field of potential energy. Specific contributions by the electrons of the hydrogen atoms will be considered later, when the hydrogen atoms in the metal will be considered as protons plus electrons.
Production and characterization of lipid microparticles produced by spray cooling encapsulating a low molar mass hydrophilic compound (2010)

The objective of this research was to produce and characterize lipid particles (MpLs) that may be used as carriers of high amounts of hydrophilic core and evaluate the influence of the core amount on the performance of lipid microparticles. The MpLs were produced by spray cooling from solid and liquid lipid mixtures (stearic and oleic fatty acids and partly hydrogenated vegetable fat) containing glucose solution as core and soy lecithin as surfactant. The performance of MpLs was evaluated by means of the effective amount of encapsulated core, the core amount present on the surface of MpLs (superficial glucose) and the core release profile in aqueous solution. Morphological observations showed that MpLs presented spherical shape and a rugged and continuous surface, and an average diameter between 25 and 32 µm. The effective amount of encapsulated core was greater than 78% for all formulations evaluated. Larger amounts of superficial glucose were found in formulations in which more concentrated glucose solutions were used, regardless of the glucose lipid-solution ratio. The release results showed that core retention was significantly influenced by the glucose solution concentration, whereas release modulation was influenced by the glucose lipid-solution ratio.
Fat Metabolism in Higher Plants (1969)

Abstract Wheat germ acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase has been purified over 1000-fold. Ultracentrifugal analysis showed two protein components (7.3 S and 9.4 S); only one of these binds avidin, as evidenced by an increase in the sedimentation coefficient of the 9.4 S component to 11.5 S. However, only one protein peak was observed upon chromatography on molecular sieving columns. The leading edge of this protein showed the highest specific activity, contained the highest amount of biotin per mg of protein, and was the major site for ATP-32Pi exchange (avidin-sensitive), whereas the trailing edge of the protein peak was found to be specific for the binding of the 3H-acetyl moiety of 3H-acetyl-CoA and catalyzed malonyl-CoA-14C-acetyl-CoA exchange. A synergistic effect was observed upon addition of fractions from the leading edge and the trailing edge of the protein peak. Disc gel electrophoresis established that five components are associated with the single protein peak obtained from molecular sieve columns. Two of the five bands catalyzed ATP-32Pi exchange, two bands catalyzed malonyl-CoA-14C-acetyl-CoA exchange, and the fifth band catalyzed both exchange reactions as well as H14CO3- fixation. Biotin content, molecular weights, and the activities of the five individual bands suggest that one protein occurs as either a monomer or a dimer which contains biotin and catalyzes ATP-32Pi exchange, and that another protein occurs as both a monomer and a tetramer which do not contain biotin but catalyze malonyl-CoA-14C-acetyl-CoA exchange and bind acetyl moieties to the protein. The fifth band appears to be the active enzyme consisting of one carboxylating component (9.4 S) and one or more transcarboxylating components (7.3 S).
Matrix isolation investigation of the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy and photochemistry of complexes of chlorine fluoride and molecular chlorine with sulfide bases (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMatrix isolation investigation of the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy and photochemistry of complexes of chlorine fluoride and molecular chlorine with sulfide basesNicholas P. Machara and Bruce S. AultCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 8, 2046–2050Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/j100292a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (683 KB) Get e-Alerts
Altered dystrophin expression in the right atrium of a patient after Fontan procedure with atrial flutter: Figure 1 (2004)

Underlying mechanisms in the development of atrial flutter or intra-atrial re-entry tachycardia in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities remain poorly defined. The right atrial myocardium from two patients with congenital heart disease was evaluated, of whom one presented with severe right atrial dilation and arrhythmia and the other with a normal right atrium, to assess whether increased right atrial pressure and volume overload give rise to sarcolemmal alteration. N-terminus dystrophin staining in the atrium from the patient who had undergone a Fontan procedure showed a normally distributed but significantly reduced staining signal compared with the second patient. This is the first report that patients with severe right atrial dilation and atrial flutter have marked reduction in atrial dystrophin expression.
Application of laser flash method to penetrative materials for measurement of thermal diffusivity (1990)

The theoretical equation for the laser flash method is derived where the penetration and transmission of the input energy into the test piece is taken into account. The thermal diffusivity of penetrative materials and its measurement errors are calculated instantly by fitting the experimental data to this equation by using the method of least squares with an on-line personal computer connected to the laser flash device. The usefulness of this method is shown by comparing it with the conventional method.
Multiple‐parameter reconfiguration in a single planar ultra‐wideband antenna for advanced wireless communication systems (2014)

A compact frequency, pattern and polarisation reconfigurable planar ultra‐wideband antenna is presented. The antenna is frequency reconfigurable to allow flexible functionality such as limiting the impact of out‐of‐band interferers if required in certain applications. Moreover, it provides basic pattern reconfiguration to enhance the scanning or the communication performance in future wireless applications by sensing interferers in the space domain and achieving pattern diversity to mitigate fading and increase signal‐to‐noise ratio. Another special feature of the proposed antenna is that its polarisation is reconfigurable at specific frequencies to generate circular polarised (CP) radiation. The antenna performance characteristics are verified through parametric simulations and measurements. The proposed antenna presents significant degrees of freedom in providing reconfigurable properties in frequency, radiation patterns and polarisation as compared to standard single‐parameter reconfigurable antennas; therefore providing a flexible radio front‐end for smart radio and wireless applications such as cognitive radio.
Natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease in the Nan Peng Lie Islands in China. (2002)

This was the first successful confirmation that the Nan Peng Lie Islands were natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease.
Broad-Area Laser Diode With Fiber-Optic Injection (1992)

Fiber-optic injection-locked broad-area laser diode features single-mode output via fiber-optic injection and serves as compact, rugged, high-power near-infrared source. Useful in free-space and fiber-optic communication links, as communication-receiver preamplifier, and pump source for solid-state lasers.
Pincer ligands with an all-phosphorus donor set: subtle differences between rhodium and palladium (2011)

The synthesis of a new, all-phosphorus pincer PP(NEt2)P ligand L3(NEt2), which is derived from 2-indolylphosphine and features a central N(2)P(NEt(2)) core, is described. This 'PPP' species shows coordination toward Rh as a neutral trisphosphine ligand. Tridentate diphenylphosphine-derived PP(H)P ligands L1(H) and L2(H), featuring a secondary phosphine core, show 'ambivalent' coordination, acting as persistent neutral triphosphine ligands with Rh, and as easily-formed monoanionic phosphido(bisphosphine) pincer ligands toward Pd. These subtle differences, which might be more general for group 9 and 10 metal complexes with this ligand set, are explained by comparative DFT calculations (BP86; def2-TZVP level of theory) for the Rh and Pd species involved, including those with the structurally related PN(H)P ligands. The optimized structure for complex PdCl(L2) indicates minimal overlap of available Pd d-orbitals with the lone pair of the central, deprotonated phosphorus atom (formally a phosphido fragment), suggesting that it behaves predominantly like a bulky phosphine instead of a phosphido fragment.
Kinetic studies of ethylene polymerization in ethyl chloride. Molecular weight distribution of polyethylene (1970)

Abstract Polymerization kinetics of ethylene in ethyl chloride in the presence of two soluble catalytic systems has been studied. In ethyl chloride polymerization rate remains constant over a long period of time. Polymerization rate is of the first order in ethylene and varied antibatically with concentration of Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl. Molecular weight of polyethylene increases directly with ethylene concentration. At high concentration of Al‐alkyl its participation in the termination of polymer chains is appreciable. Growth (K p ) and termination (K t ) constants are determined when polymerizing ethylene in ethyl chloride and benzene in the presence of system A: in ethyl chloride K p = 68.1/mole·sec, K t = 7.5 1./mole·sec, in benzene K p = 8.3 1./mole·sec, K t = 0.6 1./mole·sec. For System B in ethyl chloride K p = 110 1./mole·sec. The molecular weight distribution of polyethylene synthesized with the system A is bimodal, and that with system B is unimodal. Experimental data are discussed from the view point of existence of two types of active centers.
Mechanism of Chitosan Adsorption on Silica from Aqueous Solutions (2014)

We present a study of the adsorption of chitosan on silica. The adsorption behavior and the resulting layer properties are investigated by combining optical reflectometry and the quartz crystal microbalance. Exactly the same surfaces are used to measure the amount of adsorbed chitosan with both techniques, allowing the systematic combination of the respective experimental results. This experimental protocol makes it possible to accurately determine the thickness of the layers and their water content for chitosan adsorbed on silica from aqueous solutions of varying composition. In particular, we study the effect of pH in 10 mM NaCl, and we focus on the influence of electrolyte type and concentration for two representative pH conditions. Adsorbed layers are stable, and their properties are directly dependent on the behavior of chitosan in solution. In mildly acidic solutions, chitosan behaves like a weakly charged polyelectrolyte, whereby electrostatic attraction is the main driving force for adsorption. Under these conditions, chitosan forms rigid and thin adsorption monolayers with an average thickness of approximately 0.5 nm and a water content of roughly 60%. In neutral solutions, on the other hand, chitosan forms large aggregates, and thus adsorption layers are significantly thicker (∼10 nm) as well as dissipative, resulting in a large maximum of adsorbed mass around the pK of chitosan. These films are also characterized by a substantial amount of water, up to 95% of their total mass. Our results imply the possibility to produce adsorption layers with tailored properties simply by adjusting the solution chemistry during adsorption.
Modelling erosion damage from low-energy plasma gun simulations of disruptions (1993)

Energy transfer to material surfaces is dominated by photon radiation through low temperature plasma vapors if tokamak disruptions are due to low kinetic energy particles ({approx_lt} 100 eV). Simple models of radiation transport are derived and incorporated into a fast-running computer routine to model this process. The results of simulations are in good agreement with plasma gun erosion tests on several metal targets.
Some Comments on Postcorrections for Nonrestoring Division (1972)

Assumptions for the problem of postcorrection in nonrestoring division, as treated in a previous note by Rhyne, are reviewed. A specific type of quotient and remainder with the so-called concatenation property is then defined for. signed operands. A criterion is also given, extending the one given by Rhyne, to determine postcorrections applicable to quotient and remainder resulting from nonrestoring division, so as to obtain the concatenation property, and is applied to a specific example.
What Causes Eye Pain? (2015)

Eye pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience including sensory-discriminative, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components and supported by distinct, interconnected peripheral and central nervous system elements. Normal or physiological pain results of the stimulation by noxious stimuli of sensory axons of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the eye. These are functionally heterogeneous. Mechano-nociceptors are only excited by noxious mechanical forces. Polymodal nociceptors also respond to heat, exogenous irritants, and endogenous inflammatory mediators, whereas cold thermoreceptors detect moderate temperature changes. Their distinct sensitivity to stimulating forces is determined by the expression of specific classes of ion channels: Piezo2 for mechanical forces, TRPV1 and TRPA1 for heat and chemical agents, and TRPM8 for cold. Pricking pain is evoked by mechano-nociceptors, while polymodal nociceptors are responsible of burning and stinging eye pain; sensations of dryness appear to be mainly evoked by cold thermoreceptors. Mediators released by local inflammation, increase the excitability of eye polymodal nociceptors causing their sensitization and the augmented pain sensations. During chronic inflammation, additional, long-lasting changes in the expression and function of stimulus-transducing and voltage-sensitive ion channels develop, thereby altering polymodal terminal's excitability and evoking chronic inflammatory pain. When trauma, infections, or metabolic processes directly damage eye nerve terminals, these display aberrant impulse firing due to an abnormal expression of transducing and excitability-modulating ion channels. This malfunction evokes 'neuropathic pain' which may also result from abnormal function of higher brain structures where ocular TG neurons project. Eye diseases or ocular surface surgery cause different levels of inflammation and/or nerve injury, which in turn activate sensory fibers of the eye in a variable degree. When inflammation dominates (allergic or actinic kerato-conjunctivitis), polymodal nociceptors are primarily stimulated and sensitized, causing pain. In uncomplicated photorefractive surgery and moderate dry eye, cold thermoreceptors appear to be mainly affected, evoking predominant sensations of unpleasant dryness.
Toward artificial metallopeptidases: mechanisms by which platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes promote selective, fast hydrolysis of unactivated amide bonds in peptides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToward artificial metallopeptidases: mechanisms by which platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes promote selective, fast hydrolysis of unactivated amide bonds in peptidesLonggen Zhu and Nenad M. KosticCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 19, 3994–4001Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00045a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00045a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views660Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts