gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ru-Core@Pt-Shell Nanosheet Anode Catalyst: High Activity and Durability for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in the Presence of CO (2016)

PtRu alloy nanoparticles are presently used as the anode catalyst for residential polymer electrolyte fuel cells due to its high carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance. Unfortunately, PtRu alloy is not as stable as pure Pt, and the gradual dissolution of Ru from the catalyst surface leads to catalyst degradation. In an earlier study, we have shown that the addition of metal or metal oxide nanosheets as co-catalysts to carbon supported PtRu/C catalysts can enhance the CO tolerance and durability 1,2 . Here we describe the synthesis of Ru-core@Pt-shell nanosheets via surface limited redox replacement 3 . The CO tolerance and durability of Ru-core@Pt-shell nanosheets towards the hydrogen oxidation reaction activity in the presence of CO is presented. Metallic Ru nanosheets supported on carbon composite was prepared via thermal reduction 2 . Pt shell was successively formed on metallic Ru nanosheets via galvanic displacement reaction between Cu and Pt 2+ by repeating the displacement reaction twice. The electrochemically active PtRu surface area of Ru-core@Pt-shell nanosheets with 1.5 monolayer Pt-shell (Ru@Pt-1.5ML(ns)/C) was 95 m 2 (g-PtRu) -1 , and the hydrogen oxidation reaction activity in pure H 2 of Ru@Pt-1.5ML(ns)/C was 2.4 times higher than benchmark commercial PtRu/C. The H 2 oxidation activity in the presence of 300 ppm CO for core-shell nanosheets was 1.5 times higher than that of PtRu/C. In addition, the activity of Ru@Pt-1.5ML(ns)/C after durability test (0.05 (3sec)-0.40 V (3 sec) for 1000 cycles) was 2.0 and 2.3 times higher than that of PtRu/C and Pt/C, respectively. The high activity in pure H 2 could be attributed to the large surface area of core-shell structure, and the enhanced CO tolerance could be attributed to the electronic effect from the Ru nanosheet core. Ru nanosheet core was completely covered with Pt-shell, thus, the degradation of activity due to dissolution of Ru was suppressed. This research was supported in part by the “Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Program” from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan. 1) D. Takimoto, T. Ohnishi, and W. Sugimoto, ECS Electrochem. Lett. , 4 , F35 (2015). 2) D. Takimoto, T. Ohnishi, Y. Ayato, D. Mochizuki, and W. Sugimoto, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 163 , F367 (2016). 3) J. Nutariya, M. Fayette, N. Dimitrov, and N. Vasiljevic, Electrochim. Acta , 112 , 813 (2013). Figure 1
Material problem in athermalization of optical systems (1997)

Three thermal effects—variation of image location, variation of focal length and longitudinal chromatism—are described in the form of formulas, which include surface distributions proportional to the thermal constants. Principles for the optical system athermalization by means of optical (passive) compensation and thermooptical (active) compensation are given. The problem of proper selection of thermal material constants and mechanical constants of lenses and mounts is discussed. The condition for achromatization in the form of the formula including material distributions and the principle of material selection is given.
Involvement of nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules in heat shock protein‐mediated anti‐tumor responses (2007)

Nonclassical MHC class Ib (class Ib) genes are found in all jawed vertebrates, and their products are hypothesized to be indicators of intracellular stress and malignancy. They may be involved in immune recognition of classical MHC class Ia (class Ia)-low or -negative tumor cells through their interaction with T cell receptors and/or non-T cell inhibitory or triggering receptors expressed by NK cells and T cells. In the frog Xenopus, the molecular chaperone gp96 mediates a potent immune response involving antigen-specific classical class Ia-unrestricted CD8+ CTL (CCU-CTL) against a transplantable thymic tumor (15/0) that does not express class Ia molecules. We hypothesized that Xenopus nonclassical class Ib gene products (XNC) are involved in gp96-mediated CCU-CTL anti-tumor responses. To investigate the involvement of class Ib gene products in Xenopus anti-tumor responses, we generated, for the first time in ectothermic vertebrates, stable tumor transfectants expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to silence either XNC directly or beta2m to prevent class Ib surface expression. Both types of 15/0 transfectants are more resistant to CCU-CTL killing, more tumorigenic and more susceptible to NK-like cell killing. This study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence of the evolutionary conservation of class Ib involvement in anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses.
Searching for TeV Dark Matter in Irregular dwarf galaxies with HAWC Observatory (2023)

We present the results of dark matter (DM) searches in a sample of 31 dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies within the field of view of the HAWC Observatory. dIrr galaxies are DM dominated objects, which astrophysical gamma-ray emission is estimated to be negligible with respect to the secondary gamma-ray flux expected by annihilation or decay of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). While we do not see any statistically significant DM signal in dIrr galaxies, we present the exclusion limits ($95\%~\text{C.L.}$) for annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime for WIMP candidates with masses between $1$ and $100~\text{TeV}$. Exclusion limits from dIrr galaxies are relevant and complementary to benchmark dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. In fact, dIrr galaxies are targets kinematically different from benchmark dSph, preserving the footprints of different evolution histories. We compare the limits from dIrr galaxies to those from ultrafaint and classical dSph galaxies previously observed with HAWC. We find that the contraints are comparable to the limits from classical dSph galaxies and $\thicksim2$ orders of magnitude weaker than the ultrafaint dSph limits.
Linear THz Acceleration (2016)

Approaches towards linear THz accelerator technologies based on laser generated THz radiation are discussed. A cascaded optical parametric amplifier for efficient multi-cycle THz generation is introduced and first signatures of such an operation are shown.
Viral RNA level, serum antibody responses, and transmission risk in discharged COVID-19 patients with recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA test results: a population-based observational cohort study (2020)

Summary Background Managing discharged COVID-19 (DC) patients with recurrent positive (RP) SARS-CoV-2 RNA test results is challenging. We aimed to comprehensively characterize the viral RNA level and serum antibody responses in RP-DC patients and evaluate their viral transmission risk. Methods A population-based observational cohort study was performed on 479 DC patients discharged from February 1 to May 5, 2020 in Shenzhen, China. We conducted RT-qPCR, antibody assays, neutralisation assays, virus isolation, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and epidemiological investigation of close contacts. Findings Of 479 DC patients, the 93 (19%) RP individuals, including 36 with multiple RP results, were characterised by young age (median age: 34 years, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 29–38 years). The median discharge-to-RP length was 8 days (95% CI: 7–14 days; maximum: 90 days). After readmission, RP-DC patients exhibited mild (28%) or absent (72%) symptoms, with no disease progression. The viral RNA level in RP-DC patients ranged from 1·9–5·7 log 10 copies/mL (median: 3·2, 95% CI: 3·1–3·5). At RP detection, the IgM, IgG, IgA, total antibody, and neutralising antibody (NAb) seropositivity rates in RP-DC patients were 38% (18/48), 98% (47/48), 63% (30/48), 100% (48/48), and 91% (39/43), respectively. Regarding antibody levels, there was no significant difference between RP-DC and non-RP-DC patients. The antibody level remained constant in RP-DC patients pre- and post-RP detection. Virus isolation of nine representative specimens returned negative results. WGS of six specimens yielded only genomic fragments. No clinical symptoms were exhibited by 96 close contacts of 23 RP-DC patients; their viral RNA (96/96) and antibody (20/20) test results were negative. After full recovery, 60% of patients (n=162, 78 no longer RP RP-DC and 84 non-RP-DC) had NAb titres of ≥1:32. Interpretation RP may occur in DC patients following intermittent and non-stable excretion of low viral RNA levels. RP-DC patients pose a low risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2. An NAb titre of ≥ 1:32 may provide a reference indicator for evaluating humoral responses in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Funding Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, China National Science and Technology Major Projects Foundation, Special Foundation of Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province of China, and Shenzhen Committee of Scientific and Technical Innovation grants.
Role of the Functional Groups of Complexing Agents in Copper Slurries (2006)

We investigate the role of – and –COOH functional groups of complexing agents in -based slurries in controlling copper (Cu) removal rates. Slurries containing complexing agents with two of the same functional groups (succinic acid: , ethylene diamine: ) and a complexing agent containing one each of the functional groups (β-alanine: ), all with the same carbon chain length, were investigated. Along with dissolution and disk polish experiments, potential–pH diagrams were constructed for these three systems in the presence of . The dissolution and polish rates are consistent with the known activity of carboxylic acids (with –COOH groups) at acidic conditions and that of amines (with – groups) in an alkaline environment. The observed trends in the removal rates with all these slurries are explained using potential–pH diagrams, UV/visible spectra, and electrochemical experiments. When compared to glycine , β-alanine produced higher removal rates at acidic pH values and lower removal rates at alkaline pH values. Finally, succinic acid and β-alanine-based slurries were found to result in lower dissolution rates and higher polish rates compared to glycine-based slurries at pH 4.
Precision Measurement Of Complex Permittivity And Permeability By Microwave Cavity Perturbation Technique (2006)

This paper demonstrates the precision measurement of complex permittivity and permeability of several dielectric and ferrite materials through microwave cavity perturbation technique. The measurement was performed at C, X, Ku, and K band four frequency ranges. The measured results are discussed and compared with the data published in the literature.
The probabilistic modeling and reliability analysis of brake shoes for hoist disc brake with correlated failure modes (2014)

In view of the lack of reliability research with correlated failure modes of the hoist disk shoes, the stochastic finite element method was used to analyze the reliability of multi-failure mode under emergency braking condition of disk shoe for deep well hoist. First, the finite element model of friction pair of brake disk and brake shoe was established based on the theory of heat conduction, the stress of brake shoe was simulated, and the influence of different initial braking speeds on friction pair temperature and thermal stress is analyzed. Second, the Latin hypercube sampling method was used to perform the design of experiment and the data of the random experiment are obtained. The Kriging model was used to establish the functional relationship between the random variables and the stress and temperature of the brake shoe. Then, based on the method of saddlepoint approximation, the reliability evaluation was carried out considering stress and temperature failure. Finally, the system reliability evaluation of brake shoe considering the correlation of the two failure modes is carried out based on Frank copula.
Partially coherent vortex beams with a separable phase (2003)

We propose and experimentally implement a method for the generation of a wide class of partially spatially coherent vortex beams whose cross-spectral density has a separable functional form in polar coordinates. We study phase singularities of the spectral degree of coherence of the new beams.
Analysis of second-site revertants of a murine coronavirus nucleocapsid protein deletion mutant and construction of nucleocapsid protein mutants by targeted RNA recombination (1995)

The Alb4 mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is both temperature sensitive and thermolabile owing to a deletion in the gene encoding its nucleocapsid (N) protein. The deletion removes 29 amino acids that constitute a putative spacer region preceding the carboxyl-terminal domain of the protein. As a step toward understanding the structure and function of the MHV N protein, we isolated multiple independent revertants of Alb4 that totally or partially regained the ability to form large (wild-type-sized) plaques at the nonpermissive temperature. The N proteins of these revertant viruses concomitantly regained the ability to bind to RNA in vitro at a temperature that was restrictive for RNA binding by Alb4 N protein. Sequence analysis of the N genes of the revertants revealed that each contained a single second-site point mutation that compensated for the effects of the deletion. All reverting mutations were clustered within a stretch of 40 amino acids centered some 80 residues on the amino side of the Alb4 deletion, within a domain to which the RNA-binding activity of N had been previously mapped. By means of a targeted RNA recombination method that we have recently developed, two of the reverting mutations were introduced into a wild-type MHV genomic background. The resulting recombinants were stable and showed no gross phenotypic differences from the wild type. A detailed analysis of one, however, revealed that it was at a selective disadvantage with respect to the wild type.
Health in relation to occupational exposure to pesticides in the Dutch flower bulb culture : Part 1 : general study design : results, conclusions and recommendations (1992)

In the Dutch flower bulb culture a large number of pesticides is used for different applications : weed control, crop protection, disinfection of barns (stock protection) and soil, and bulb disinfection. A study was therefore carried out in order to investigate : (1) the type and extent of exposure to pesticides in the flower bulb culture, and (2) possible neurotoxic effects of long-term exposure in relation to the extent of exposure. In the first part of the report on this study, the general study design is described and the results are summarised of the occupational hygiene study, the development of methods for biological monitoring (for : 1,3-dichloropropene, primicarb, zineb, maneb and captan), and the health effect study (effects on the nervous system, and general health assessment).
Classification of Energy Densities of Transmission Eigenchannels of Complex Photonic Media using Machine Learning (2023)

We demonstrate classification of energy densities of transmission eigenchannels and corresponding disorder strength of a single configuration of a complex medium using supervised machine learning techniques with an accuracy greater than 95 %.
Figure S1 from A Four-Chemokine Signature Is Associated with a T-cell–Inflamed Phenotype in Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: Overview of methodology and cohorts&lt;/p&gt;
PVT surface and thermodynamic properties of neopentane (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPVT surface and thermodynamic properties of neopentaneTarun R. Das, Charles O. Reed Jr., and Philip T. EubankCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1977, 22, 1, 16–21Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60072a025https://doi.org/10.1021/je60072a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Single carrier transmission for multi-gigabit 60-GHz WPAN systems (2009)

This paper proposes a new channel model for millimeter wave (60 GHz) for indoor applications, power amplifier and phase noise models at 60 GHz, an optimal global channelization over 9 GHz bandwidth, common mode signaling to bridge SC (single carrier) and OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) camps, and a robust payload as well as a header and preamble design for single carrier for practical applications. The computer simulations have validated these new proposals for WPAN (wireless personal are network) design and significantly contributed a lot to global (IEEE802.15.3c) standardization which will be closed in the near future by issuing system specifications.
The PsaD Subunit of Photosystem I (Mutations in the Basic Domain Reduce the Level of PsaD in the Membranes) (1997)

The PsaD subunit of photosystem I (PSI) is a peripheral protein that provides a docking site for ferredoxin and interacts with the PsaB, PsaC, and PsaL subunits of PSI. We used site-directed mutagenesis to determine the function of a basic region in PsaD of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We generated five mutant strains in which one or more charged residues were altered. Western blotting showed that replacement of lysine (Lys)-74 with glutamine or glutamic acid led to a substantial decrease in the level of PsaD in the membranes. The mutant PSI complexes showed reduced NADP+ photoreduction activity mediated by ferredoxin; the decrease in activity correlated with the reduced level of PsaD. Using protein synthesis inhibitors we showed that the degradation rates of the mutant and wild-type PsaD were similar, indicating a defect in the assembly of the mutant protein. Treatment of the mutant PSI complexes with a different concentration of NaI showed that the mutations decreased affinity between PsaD and the transmembrane components of PSI. With glutaraldehyde, the mutant and wild-type PsaD proteins could be cross-linked with PsaC, but the PsaD-PsaL cross-linked product was reduced drastically when arginine-72, Lys-74, and Lys-76 were mutated simultaneously. These studies demonstrate that the basic residues in the central region of PsaD, especially Lys-74, are crucial in the assembly of PsaD into the PSI complex.
Omics‐derived hepatocellular carcinoma risk biomarkers for precision care of chronic liver diseases (2020)

Precise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk prediction will play increasingly important roles with the contemporary HCC etiologies, that is, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and resolved hepatitis C virus infection. Because the HCC incidence rate in this emerging patient population is relatively low (~1% per year), identification of a subset of patients at the highest risk is critical to concentrate the effort and resources of regular HCC screening to those who most need it. Omics profiling has been derived using several candidate HCC risk biomarkers, which could refine HCC screening by enabling individual risk-based personalized or risk-stratified patient management. Various types of biomolecules have been explored as sources of information to predict HCC risk at various time horizons. Germline DNA polymorphisms likely reflect race/ethnicity- and/or etiology-specific susceptibility to HCC development or chronic liver disease progression toward carcinogenesis. Transcriptomic dysregulations in the diseased liver capture functional molecular status supporting oncogenesis such as inflammatory pathway and myofibroblast activation. Circulating nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites could serve as less-invasive measures of molecular HCC risk. Characterization of gut microbiota could also inform HCC risk estimation. Each biomarker could have its niche of clinical application depending on logistics of use, performance, and costs with a goal to eventually improve patient prognosis as a part of the whole algorithm of chronic liver disease management.
Ion‐Transport Experiments to Probe the Nanostructure of Graphene/Polymer Membranes (2018)

Abstract Graphene/polymer layered nanocomposites are studied extensively for their unique two‐dimensional (2D) layered nanoporous structures and interesting permeation properties with regard to ionic species, and show great potential for applications in many fields. Structural characterization is essential to the establishment of structure–properties relationships, which however remains challenging due to the complex, nanoporous texture rising from graphene alignment in graphene/polymer membrane materials. Here, a method is proposed that utilizes ions as probes for gaining structural information of the layered nanoporous structure. The results show that the subtle structural variations caused by the small change of interfacial interactions between the polymer and graphene materials during solution processing can be clearly revealed. The ion‐transport experiments demonstrated in this work can be used as a set of tools for quick quality control and monitoring of production of graphene/polymer nanocomposites and nanoporous composites assembled with other 2D materials.
Towards Implementation of Smart Grid: An Updated Review on Electrical Energy Storage Systems (2013)

A smart grid will require, to greater or lesser degrees, advanced tools for planning and operation, broadly accepted communications platforms, smart sensors and controls, and real-time pricing. The smart grid has been described as something of an ecosystem with constantly communication, proactive, and virtually self-aware. The use of smart grid has a lot of economical and environmental advantages; however it has a downside of instability and unpredictability introduced by distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy into the public electric systems. Variable energies such as solar and wind power have a lack of stability and to avoid short-term fluctuations in power supplied to the grid, a local storage subsystem could be used to provide higher quality and stability in the fed energy. Energy storage systems (ESSs) would be a facilitator of smart grid deployment and a “small amount” of storage would have a “great impact” on the future power grid. The smart grid, with its various superior communications and control features, would make it possible to integrate the potential application of widely dispersed battery storage systems as well other ESSs. This work deals with a detailed updated review on available ESSs applications in future smart power grids. It also highlights latest projects carried out on different ESSs throughout all around the world.