gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NK cell‐mediated immunopathology during an acute viral infection of the CNS (2006)

Natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells are prime effector populations in the antiviral response of the host. Tc cells are essential for recovery from many viral diseases but may also be responsible for immunopathology. The role of NK cells in recovery from viral infections is less well established. We have studied acute virulent Semliki Forest virus (vSFV) infection of the central nervous system in C57BL/6J mice, which was mainly controlled by NK cells without marked Tc cell involvement. We show that mice with defects in the Fas and/or granule exocytosis pathways of cytotoxicity are more resistant to lethal vSFV infection than wild-type mice. On the other hand, mice defective in the IFN-gamma response are more sensitive than wild-type mice, whereas mice lacking the Tc cell compartment (beta-2 microglobulin-deficient mice) exhibit susceptibility similar to wild-type mice. The additional finding that depletion of NK cells significantly delayed the mean time to death but did not prevent mortality in SFV-infected B6 mice suggests that cytolytic activity of NK cells is detrimental, while IFN-gamma production is beneficial for recovery from SFV infection. This is the first study illustrating an NK cell-mediated immunopathological outcome to an acute viral infection.
"Identification of Mechanisms By Which Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Contribute to Acute Myeloid Leukemia" (2019)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood malignancy resulting in abnormal hematopoiesis that is reported to be associated with alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment (BME). Current treatments for this heterogeneous disease, which target the leukemic cells but not the BME, are largely unsuccessful for the majority of AML subtypes. By better understanding the mechanisms by which the BME contributes to leukemogenesis, it may be possible to introduce more effective treatments for AML. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an essential component of the BME that have been shown to support normal hematopoiesis. Therefore, MSCs may have several roles in the alteration of the BME, leukemogenesis, and AML relapse and can provide an excellent model for studying the BME in vitro. While some studies have characterized AML-derived MSCs (AML-MSCs), their exact role in the disease remains unclear. Our RNAseq analysis of AML-MSCs (n=30), and healthy donor MSCs (HD-MSCs) (n=8) identified that, among 7655 genes, 21 genes were significantly differentially expressed in AML-MSCs. Through in silico analysis of this gene set, genes of interest were identified as having the potential to directly alter the BME and affect AML pathogenesis through BMP/TGF-β pathways. Current work is focusing on investigation of the effects of selected genes with biological relevance on MSCs intrinsic and extrinsic functional properties. This study will improve our understanding of the role of MSCs in AML BME and help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Primary stage of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: viral dissemination and cellular targets (1994)

The objective of this study was to identify cellular and organ targets of acute feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in vivo. Tissues of FIV-infected cats were studied at eight time points during the first 3 months after experimental infection. FIV nucleic acids were first detected by in situ hybridization 21 days after infection, approximately 1.5 weeks after lymph node enlargement was first observed and 3 weeks before the primary acute flu-like illness. The majority of FIV-infected cells were present in lymphoid organs, though low numbers of infected cells were noted in nonlymphoid organs as well. Germinal centers harbored many of the FIV-infected cells within lymphoid tissues. The thymic cortex was also a major site of early infection. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that T lymphocytes were the primary target of early FIV infection in tissues of cats before the onset of clinical signs of acute illness. An unidentified population of mononuclear cells and a few macrophages were also infected. During the ensuing acute flu-like illness, the proportion of FIV-infected macrophages in tissues increased dramatically. This early shift in the predominant cellular localization of FIV from T lymphocytes to macrophages may be important for establishing viral persistence.
Synthesis of heterotelechelic polymers by free radical addition-fragmentation chain transfer (1998)

Telechelic polymers are polymers, generally of moderate molar masses, carrying functional groups at both chain ends. A telechelic polymer is therefore characterized by the nature and the length of the polymer chain and the nature of the functional groups. Classical telechelic polymers are linear macromolecules carrying two identical functional end-groups. When the polymer contains two different functional groups, it is called “heterotelechelic”. During the past decade, a large number of new synthetic methods for the preparation of telechelic polymers have been proposed in the literature. Free radical addition-fragmentation reaction has not only been reported to be a new method allowing chain-length control, because of schematic analogy with chain transfer reaction, but has also been identified as an effective means for generating functional polymers. This review describes new developments in the radical synthesis of heterotelechelic poly(vinyl monomer)s through the use of addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents.
Computer-generated holography as a generic display technology (2005)

Computer-generated holography technique is a powerful technology suitable for a wide range of display types, including 2D, stereoscopic, autostereoscopic, volumetric, and true 3D imaging. Computer-generated holography is an emerging technology, made possible by increasingly powerful computers, that avoids the interferometric recording step in conventional hologram formation. Instead, a computer calculates a holographic fringe pattern that it then uses to set the optical properties of a spatial light modulator, such as a liquid crystal microdisplay. The SLM then diffracts the readout light wave, in a manner similar to a standard hologram, to yield the desired optical wavefront. Although CGH-based display systems can be built today, their high cost makes them impractical for many applications.
Aerial Suppression of Airborne Platforms (ASAP): Coordinated Capture of a Threat UAS via Stochastic Reachability. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Bone marrow laser revascularisation for treating refractory angina due to diffuse coronary heart disease☆ (2009)

To increase the angiogenic response and clinical efficacy of TMR, the potential synergy and safety of combining TMR with concentrated autologous bone marrow derived stem cells was evaluated. Fourteen patients with diffuse coronary artery disease and medically refractory class III/IV angina who were not candidates for conventional therapies were treated using TMR in combination with intramyocardial injection of concentrated stem cells. At the time of surgery, autologous bone marrow (120 cc) was aspirated from the iliac crest and processed over 15 min into 20 cc of concentrated mononuclear cells using a centrifugal system (HARVEST, Boston, MA). A single device performed holmium: YAG:TMR (CardioGenesis, Irvine, CA) with injection of 1 cc of concentrated stem cells through three multi-holed needles into the border zone around each laser channel. There were no perioperative adverse events including no arrhythmias. Mean number of injected cells per milliliter were: total mononuclear cells (81.3 x 10(6)), CD34(+) cells (0.6 x 10(6)), and CD133(+) cells (0.37 x 10(6)). At 7 months mean follow-up average angina class was significantly improved (3.5+/-0.5 vs 1.4+/-0.5; p=0.004). There was no death during the follow-up. Efficient delivery of stem cells combined with TMR in a single device seems to be safe and effective for treating unmanageable angina.
Novel method for deposition of in situ arsenic-doped polycrystalline silicon using conventional low pressure chemical vapor deposition systems (1994)

We studied low pressure chemical vapor deposition of in situ arsenic-doped silicon films using a standard vertical thermal reactor. The films were deposited as a stack of doped and undoped layers for a targeted thickness. The redistribution of the dopant was achieved with postanneals in a rapid thermal processor. We fabricated stacked capacitors to study depletion capacitance effects. This deposition method is easily integrated for high volume production of thicker polycrystalline silicon films used for dynamic random access memory cell capacitor plates in complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Using this method, we achieved thickness and sheet resistance nonuniformities of less than 3% for deposited and subsequently annealed films.
Carvedilol Reduces the Severity of Central Sleep Apnea in Chronic Heart Failure (2009)

Background Carvedilol may reduce the severity of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results This study prospectively examined the effect of carvedilol on the severity of CSA in patients with CHF. Polysomnographic findings, left ventricular (LV) function, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level were evaluated before and 6 months after induction of carvedilol in 16 patients with CHF (New York Heart Association functional class II or III and LV ejection fraction <50%) who had CSA (central apnea index [CAI] >5 with dominant central apneic events). All patients tolerated carvedilol. The 6-month treatment with carvedilol increased the LV ejection fraction (32+/-7.4% to 45+/-9.8%, P<0.001) and decreased the BNP level (159 [69-458] pg/ml to 38 [16-193] pg/ml, P=0.017). The polysomnographic findings showed that the treatment decreased the apnea-hypopnea index (34+/-13 to 14+/-13, P=0.003) and CAI (13+/-11 to 1.9+/-4.3, P<0.001), whereas it increased the obstructive apnea index (1.1+/-1.5 to 3.1+/-3.4, P=0.04). Conclusion This preliminary study shows that treatment with carvedilol reduces the severity of CSA in patients with CHF, but that episodes of obstructive sleep apnea sometimes increase after the treatment.
Identification of a Novel Variant Form of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> CalC and Generation of Anti-CalC Monoclonal Antibodies (2019)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a critical human fungal pathogen that infects the host via inhalation of airborne conidia. These conidia then germinate to form filamentous hyphae, which secrete various elements to survive in the host lung.Elements such as proteins secreted by A. fumigatus can act as virulence factors in host tissues. Among secreted proteins, we were interested in the thaumatin-like proteins of A. fumigatus. In our analysis of the function of thaumatin-like proteins, we found that, like CalA and CalB, CalC has a secreted form. Originally, CalC was predicted to be a GPI-anchored protein, as documented in the Aspergillus Genome Database. Here, we report on a novel secreted form of CalC. Furthermore, we established two novel hybridomas, C103 and C306, which recognized CalC. Monoclonal antibodies produced by these hybridomas responded to recombinant CalC produced by the mammalian cell line HEK293T and to the supernatant of cultured A. fumigatus.Taken together, our data suggest that calC can be spliced to give rise to a novel secretory form of CalC, which is present in the supernatant of cultured A. fumigatus. The hybridomas that we established will be helpful in understanding the biological role of A. fumigatus CalC.
Factsaboutonce-a-month injectable contraceptives: Memorandumfroma WHO meeting* (1993)

ThisMemorandumreviews theresults ofresearch undertaken inanimals andhumansubjects ononcea-month injectable contraceptives containing aprogestogen andanestrogen, inparticular theproducts Cyclofem andMesigyna. Results fromclinical trials, including effectiveness andside-effects, areevaluatedandissues arising fromhealth service research arediscussed. TheMemorandumconcludes witha statement regarding theuseofCyclofem andMesigyna asoptions forpotential contraceptive users.
Chemistry, physiology, and therapeutic applications of calcitonin (1980)

The chemistry and physiology of calcitonin are reviewed with particular emphasis on the evolution of the hormone and its modern role in humans. It seems likely that the relative deficiency of calcitonin in women may be important in postmenopausal bone loss. A major therapeutic application of calcitonin is in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone, and current recommendations for therapy are presented.
Effects of NOX‐1 on Real‐Time Blood Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in Acute Hyperglycemia (2016)

Hyperglycemia has been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in part by a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production and increased oxidative stress (e.g., increased superoxide (SO) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Endothelial‐derived NO can be significantly reduced by increased SO/H 2 O 2 in part by the activation of NADPH oxidase during hyperglycemia. Of the 7 NADPH oxidase isoforms, NOX1 is mainly expressed in the vasculature and may play a major role in hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we measured blood NO and H 2 O 2 levels in real time via NO and H 2 O 2 microsensors inserted into femoral veins of rats. Hyperglycemia (e.g., 200 mg/dl) was maintained by infusion i.v. of 30% glucose solution for 3 hours with or without a selective NOX1 inhibitor, ML171. We found that hyperglycemia for 3 hours significantly increased blood H 2 O 2 levels by 1.88±0.4 μM (n=6) compared to the saline infused control (P&lt;0.05, n=2). By contrast, ML171 (1 and 5 μM) reduced hyperglycemia‐induced H 2 O 2 levels by 1.36±0.61 μM (n=8) and 4.35±1.02 μM (n=5), respectively, at the end of experiment. Meanwhile, hyperglycemia significantly reduced blood NO levels by 82.48±38.12 nM (n=3) compared to the saline control (P&lt;0.05, n=2). By contrast, ML171 (1 μM) attenuated the hyperglycemia induced decrease in blood NO levels and increased blood NO levels by 71.15±24.00 nM (n=5) at the end of experiment. Our preliminary results indicate that NOX1 activation may contribute to hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress and NO reduction. Furthermore, inhibition of NOX1 may mitigate the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by Division of Research, the Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, and Department of Bio‐Medical Sciences at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.
A MODEL FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ACID GASES BETWEEN AN AQUEOUS ALKANOLAMINE SOLUTION AND LPG (1996)

Abstract The model of Deshmukh and Mather (1981) is a popular method for correlating and predicting the vapor-liquid equilibria in systems containing acid gases (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) and aqueous solutions of alkanolamines. The model includes phase equilibrium between an aqueous liquid and a gas as well as chemical equilibrium in the aqueous phase. A recent review by Weiland et al. (1993) demonstrated the accuracy of the correlation. Presented here is a model based on that of Deshmukh and Mather (1981) for calculating the distribution of acid gases between two liquid phases - an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous liquid (typically a propane- or butane-rich liquid) In the new model the phase equilibrium is modeled using a modified Henry's law approach. Fugacities of the components in the non-aqueous phase are calculated using the Peng and Robinson (1976a) equation of state. All of the parameters in the model are taken from the literature. Thus the model represents a prediction of the behavior. It is demonstrated that the predictions are in good agreement with the available experimental data KEYWORDS: Acid gasesLPGAlkanolamine Additional informationNotes on contributorsJ. J. CARROLL Current address: SACDA Inc., 343 Dundas Street, Suite 500, London, ON N6B IV5.
Blue green stimulated emission from a high gain conjugated polymer (1997)

An optically pumped waveguide structure has been fabricated with methyl substituted conjugated laddertype poly(paraphenylene) as the active material. The choice of the device parameters allows one to observe a high directionality, a small beam divergence, a complete linear polarization, and a linewidth with an upper limit of 1.7 nm at a considerable low threshold of 3 kW/cm2 at room temperature.
Electronic structure and Fermi-surface-related instabilities in1T−TaS2and1T−TaSe2 (1975)

The electronic-energy-band structure and full-Brillouin-zone Fermi surfaces of the layered dichalcogenides, $1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ and $1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$, have been calculated using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method in the muffin-tin approximation. We find that the Fermi surfaces for both systems away from symmetry points and lines have cross sections which are approximately constant along the $z$ direction. Strong nesting features of the Fermi surface are found for a spanning vector parallel to the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}M$ direction in reciprocal space with values in good agreement with the charge-density-wave results found by Wilson, Di Salvo, and Mahajan for these compounds.
Photoinitiated Cross‐Linking and Image Formation in Thin Polymer Films Containing a Transition Metal Compound (1987)

Films spin‐coated from solutions containing the copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate and the transition metal salt undergo cross‐linking upon irradiation at 254 nm and subsequent heating at 70°C. The mechanism of cross‐linking proceeds in two distinct stages: (i) the primary photochemical process involving redox decomposition of the cobalt salt; (ii) one or more thermally activated reaction(s) between the decomposition products and the pendant epoxide groups of the copolymer. Half‐micron films retain 50% of their thickness at a dose of 35–40 mJ/cm2, and the system possesses a contrast near two. Preliminary lithographic evaluation of this material reveals that images with features in the 1–2 μm range can be resolved.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reaction with Furan‐Diene. Activated Allene as Dienophile in a BCD‐Ring Approach to Steroids. (1987)

Abstract The furan derivatives (III) and (VIa) are synthesized starting from the aldehyde (I).
Collapse : The View from Here (1996)

This volume contains articles about artists and writers who explore relationships between verbal and visual codes in painting, collage, site-specific installation, performance, poetry and prose. Issues such as feminism, multiculturalism, transculturalism and environmentalism are discussed in relation to modernist avant-garde practices of Pop Art, Minimalism, Earth Art and Conceptualism. Includes artist's pages, excerpts from a seminar on Emily Carr, as well as a C.D. by Blaser and Kiyooka. 142 bibl. ref.
Electrocatalytic Performance and Stability of Nanostructured Fe–Ni Pyrite-Type Diphosphide Catalyst Supported on Carbon Paper (2016)

A simple and effective method to prepare an active and stable nanostructured working electrode for electrochemical water splitting is described. Specifically, mixed Fe–Ni diphosphide was prepared by sputtering a 200-nm-thick layer of Permalloy onto carbon paper gas diffusion layer followed by gas transport phosphorization reaction. The mass density of the resultant diphosphide phase was established to be ≈1.1 mg/cm2. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis shows that the actual elemental composition of the resultant ternary electrocatalyst is approximately Fe0.2Ni0.8P2, while the powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the electrocatalyst crystallizes in NiP2 cubic pyrite-like structure. As a cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, this earth-abundant electrode has exchange current densities of 6.84 × 10–3 and 3.16 × 10–3 mA/cm2 and Tafel slopes of 55.3 and 72.2 mV/dec, respectively. As an anode for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte, the electrode shows an exchange current density of 2.88 × 10–4 mA/cm2 and Tafel slope of 49.3 mV/dec. The observed high activity of the electrode correlates well with its electronic structure, which was assessed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The stability of Fe0.2Ni0.8P2 electrocatalyst in HER and OER was evaluated by means of accelerated degradation test and chronopotentiometry. The results of these experiments elucidate partial dissolution and entire chemical transformation of Fe0.2Ni0.8P2 as the main mechanisms of the electrode degradation during HER and OER, respectively. Overall, our findings could facilitate the composition-based design of active, stable, and durable phosphide electrodes for electrochemical water splitting.
Wire sizing for non-tree topology (2007)

Most existing methods for interconnect wire sizing are designed for RC trees. With the increasing popularity of the non-tree topology in clock networks and multiple link networks, wire sizing for non-tree networks becomes an important problem. In this paper, we propose the first systematic method to size the wires of general non-tree RC networks. Our method consists of three steps: 1) decompose a non-tree RC network into a tree RC network such that the Elmore delay at every sink remains unchanged; 2) size wires of the tree; and 3) merge the wires back to the original non-tree network. All three steps can be implemented in low-order polynomial time. Using this method, previous wiresizing techniques for tree topology for various objectives, such as minimizing the maximum delay, minimizing the total area or power, and reducing skew variability under process variations, can be applied to non-tree topologies. For certain types of networks, such as the tree+link network, our method gives the optimal solution, provided the tree wire sizing is optimal. Compared with the previous best wire-sizing method for non-tree circuits we can achieve 2% to 17% Elmore delay reduction with 14% to 30% total wire area reduction. Compared with unsized minimum width networks, our delay is 25% less and the skew is 34% less, under SPICE simulation. For the tree+link network, we can achieve significant delay reduction and zero skew in nominal case, while get up to 66% skew variation reduction.
Determination of Retained B 2 O 3 Content in ZrB 2 ‐30 vol% SiC Oxide Scales (2014)

The composition of the borosilicate glass layer formed during oxidation of ZrB 2 ‐30 vol% SiC was determined to elucidate the extent of B 2 O 3 retention in the oxide during high‐temperature oxidation. Oxidation was conducted in stagnant air at 1300°C, 1400°C, and 1500°C for times between 100 and 221 min. Specimens were characterized using mass change and scanning electron microscopy. After oxidation, the borosilicate glass layer was dissolved from the specimens sequentially with deionized H 2 O and HF acid, to analyze the glass composition using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. It was found that the average B 2 O 3 content in the glass scale ranged from 23 to 47 mol%. Retained B 2 O 3 content in the bulk of the glass decreased with increasing temperature, confirming increased volatility with temperature. Boron depth profiles were also obtained in the near surface region using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The measured B concentrations were used to estimate the B 2 O 3 concentration profile and B diffusion coefficients in the borosilicate glass. Implications for the ZrB 2 ‐SiC oxidation process are discussed.