gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction and reactivity of carcinogenic N-acetyl-N-(acyloxy)-2-aminofluorene with deoxyguanosine. An intramolecular approach (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction and reactivity of carcinogenic N-acetyl-N-(acyloxy)-2-aminofluorene with deoxyguanosine. An intramolecular approachEric Defrancq, Nadia Pelloux, Anne Leterme, Marie France Lhomme, and Jean LhommeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 16, 4817–4819Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00016a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00016a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
R-trees for organizing and visualizing 3D GIS databases (2000)

With the migration from 2D to 3D geographical information systems (GISs), the amounts of data to manage grow substantially. At the same time, 3D real-time rendering is necessary to provide a convenient user interface. Traditional GIS data management functions are too slow for this purpose, while computer graphics algorithms fail to deal with the sheer amount of data efficiently. In this paper we present LOD-R-trees, a new data structure which elegantly combines R-trees with LODs (levels of detail). Two applications demonstrate the versatility of our approach. With the Vienna Walkthrough System one can virtually walk through Vienna, the capital of Austria. The geometric model consists of about 20,000 blocks of buildings, covering about 75% of Vienna (150 km2 out of 200 km2). With the Styria Flyover System one can virtually fly over Styria, a province of Austria. The digital model covers Styria and parts of its adjoining provinces (30,000 km2); it is based on a digital terrain model (DTM) consisting of more than 23 million triangles and of 50 Mbyte texture data (satellite images). Both applications provide progressive rendering and dynamic performance adjustment. On an SGI 02 they deliver about 10 frames per second. Our approach demonstrates that efficient algorithms make a fast 3D GIS user interface possible without spending a fortune on hardware. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free volume of the hard spheres gas (2007)

The Enskog factor χ plays a central role in the theory of dense gases, quantifying how the finite size of molecules causes many physical quantities, such as the equation of state, the mean free path, and the diffusion coefficient, to deviate from those of an ideal gas. We suggest an intuitive but rigorous derivation of this fact by showing how all these instances of χ amount to different ways of looking at the derivative of the free volume with respect to the packing density. We show how to compute the free volume explicitly for finitely many molecules in a finite box and demonstrate excellent agreement between its derivative and mean free paths obtained from computer simulations, where the number of molecules N varies from 1000 down to 2, and where the mean free paths vary from many times the molecular diameter at low density down to a small fraction of the molecular diameter at high density. Since the boundary corrections involved are relatively simple and intuitive this strengthens the link between the teaching of large N theory for real physical systems, and the running of small N simulations in undergraduate physics laboratories.
Nvalt: Nonvolatile Approximate Lookup Table for GPU Acceleration (2017)

In this letter, we design a nonvolatile approximate lookup table, called Nvalt, to significantly accelerate general public utilities (GPUs) computation. Our design stores high frequency input patterns within an approximate Nvalt to model each application's functionality. Nvalt searches for and returns the stored data best matching the input data to produce an approximate output. We define a similarity metric, appropriate for binary representation, by exploiting the analog characteristics of the nonvolatile content addressable memory. Our design controls the ratio of the application running between the approximate Nvalt and accurate GPU cores in order to tune the level of accuracy necessary for user requirements. Our evaluations on seven general GPU applications shows that, Nvalt can improve energy computation by 4.5× and performance by 5.7× on average while providing less than 10% average relative error as compared to the baseline GPU.
Studies on the Utilization of Metal Chelates. XI. (1979)

Four chelating agents ((I) (IV)) were obtained on condensation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with four secondary amines (dipropyl- (I), dibutyl- (II), dipentyl- (III), dihexylamine (IV)). Surface activities of the chelate solution were investigated. All of metal chelates prepared from (I) and (II), and aluminium-, cobalt-, nickel- and zinc chelates from (III) were soluble in water, but the other chelates insoluble. Surface and interfacial tensions of the aqueous solution of the chelates decreased with an increase in alkyl chain length of the chelates. Dispersing power of the chelates for TiO2/toluene-butanol (1 : 1) system increased with a decrease in the alkyl chain length. The sodium salts of (II), (III), and (IV) showed good surface activities, especially when emulsified in kerosene or when wetted on a canvas substrate.
F1‐05‐02: PATIENT‐RELATED PRE‐ANALYTICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PLASMA AMYLOID BETA CONCENTRATIONS (2019)

Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) has been investigated as a candidate biomarker to increase recruitment efficiency in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) given the cost prohibitive nature of amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Aβ40 and 42 concentrations were investigated in the KARVIAH cohort, comprising cognitively normal elderly individuals aged between 60 to 90 years. Plasma Aβ40 and 42 concentrations (measured using the ultra-sensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) platform) and their ratio (Aβ42/40) were compared between KARVIAH participants at no apparent risk to AD (low neocortical Aβ load measured via PET, n=32) and preclinical AD (characterised by high neocortical Aβ load, using a standard uptake value ratio cut-off ≥1.35, n=63). These findings will be compared with previous findings and the role of lifestyle factors discussed. Plasma Aβ42/40 was significantly lower in preclinical AD (mean±SD:0.047±0.005) compared to those at no apparent risk to AD (0.052±0.007; p=.004). Therefore, an inverse association was observed between plasma Aβ42/40 and neocortical Aβ load (R=−.289, p=.004). A receiver operating characteristic curve based on a logistic regression of the AD risk factors (age, APOEε4 status, gender), the base model, distinguished high neocortical Aβ load from low neocortical Aβ load (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.78), but was outperformed when plasma Aβ42/40 was added to the base model (AUC = 0.80). Plasma Aβ using Samoa is a promising preclinical AD biomarker. However better antibodies are required to increase the prediction accuracy of plasma Aβ for preclinical AD and attention to lifestyle factors is necessary.
Impaired monocyte cholesterol clearance initiates age-related retinal degeneration and vision loss (2018)

Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness among people over 50 years of age, is characterized by atrophic neurodegeneration or pathologic angiogenesis. Early AMD is characterized by extracellular cholesterol-rich deposits underneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) called drusen or in the subretinal space called subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) that drive disease progression. However, mechanisms of drusen and SDD biogenesis remain poorly understood. Although human AMD is characterized by abnormalities in cholesterol homeostasis and shares phenotypic features with atherosclerosis, it is unclear whether systemic immunity or local tissue metabolism regulates this homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that targeted deletion of macrophage cholesterol ABC transporters A1 (ABCA1) and -G1 (ABCG1) leads to age-associated extracellular cholesterol-rich deposits underneath the neurosensory retina similar to SDD seen in early human AMD. These mice also develop impaired dark adaptation, a cardinal feature of RPE cell dysfunction seen in human AMD patients even before central vision is affected. Subretinal deposits in these mice progressively worsen with age, with concomitant accumulation of cholesterol metabolites including several oxysterols and cholesterol esters causing lipotoxicity that manifests as photoreceptor dysfunction and neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that impaired macrophage cholesterol transport initiates several key elements of early human AMD, demonstrating the importance of systemic immunity and aging in promoting disease manifestation. Polymorphisms in genes involved with cholesterol transport and homeostasis are associated with a significantly higher risk of developing AMD, thus making these studies translationally relevant by identifying potential targets for therapy.
The pyrolysis of individual plastics and a plastic mixture in a fixed bed reactor (1997)

Six thermoplastics, which represent more than two-thirds of all polymer production in western Europe, were pyrolysed in a static batch reactor in a nitrogen atmosphere. These were high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The heating rate used was 25°C min−1 to a final temperature of 700°C. These six plastics were then mixed together to simulate the plastic fraction of municipal solid waste found in Europe. The effect of mixing on the product yield and composition was examined. The results showed that the polymers studied did not react independently, but some interaction between samples was observed. The product yield for the mixture of plastics at 700°C was 9·63% gas, 75·11% oil, 2·87% char and 2·31% HCl. The gases identified were H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8, C4H8, C4H10, CO2 and CO. The composition of oils were determined using Fourier Transform infra-red spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography. Analysis showed the presence mainly of aliphatic compounds with small amounts of aromatic compounds. ©1997 SCI
The response of the maize nitrate transport system to nitrogen demand and supply across the lifecycle (2013)

An understanding of nitrate (NO3-) uptake throughout the lifecycle of plants, and how this process responds to nitrogen (N) availability, is an important step towards the development of plants with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NO3- uptake capacity and transcript levels of putative high- and low-affinity NO3- transporters (NRTs) were profiled across the lifecycle of dwarf maize (Zea mays) plants grown at reduced and adequate NO3-. Plants showed major changes in high-affinity NO3- uptake capacity across the lifecycle, which varied with changing relative growth rates of roots and shoots. Transcript abundances of putative high-affinity NRTs (predominantly ZmNRT2.1 and ZmNRT2.2) were correlated with two distinct peaks in high-affinity root NO3- uptake capacity and also N availability. The reduction in NO3- supply during the lifecycle led to a dramatic increase in NO3- uptake capacity, which preceded changes in transcript levels of NRTs, suggesting a model with short-term post-translational regulation and longer term transcriptional regulation of NO3- uptake capacity. These observations offer new insight into the control of NO3- uptake by both plant developmental processes and N availability, and identify key control points that may be targeted by future plant improvement programmes to enhance N uptake relative to availability and/or demand.
An Analysis of Maneuvering Effects on Transmission Vibrations in an AH-1 Cobra Helicopter (2002)

During the past several years, an AH-1 Cobra aircraft at the NASA Ames Research Center has been instrumented with tri-axial accelerometers and a data acquisition system to support the experimental study of in-flight transmission vibration patterns. This paper describes the on-board HealthWatch system and presents important statistical analyses of the collected data sets. These analyses provide insight into how transmission vibration responds to several factors typically related to health and usage monitoring systems (HUMS), such as maneuver condition, order of execution, and pilot differences. Although a large database of flight recordings has been collected, these results focus on an overall analysis of planetary ring gear data that were recorded in two sets of flights. It is shown that variability due to torque is a major factor to be considered in real-time HUMS design and that certain steady state maneuvers yield a dramatically higher percentage of stationary recordings. Finally, it is conjectured that multi-axis recording may have previously unrecognized advantages for signal conditioning or analysis.
A Unified Model for Ferritin Iron Loading by the Catalytic Center: Implications for Controlling “Free Iron” during Oxidative Stress (2013)

IRONING OUT THE DIFFERENCES: A unified model shows that the catalytic centers of human H ferritin and archaeal P. furiosus ferritin load iron according to the same mechanism. This model could help our understanding of the processes of controlling the various subcellular concentrations of iron during inflammation.
Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus (2004)

The mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), originally indigenous to South-east Asia, islands of the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, has spread during recent decades to Africa, the mid-east, Europe and the Americas (north and south) after extending its range eastwards across Pacific islands during the early 20th century. The majority of introductions are apparently due to transportation of dormant eggs in tyres. Among public health authorities in the newly infested countries and those threatened with the introduction, there has been much concern that Ae. albopictus would lead to serious outbreaks of arbovirus diseases (Ae. albopictus is a competent vector for at least 22 arboviruses), notably dengue (all four serotypes) more commonly transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.). Results of many laboratory studies have shown that many arboviruses are readily transmitted by Ae. albopictus to laboratory animals and birds, and have frequently been isolated from wild-caught mosquitoes of this species, particularly in the Americas. As Ae. albopictus continues to spread, displacing Ae. aegypti in some areas, and is anthropophilic throughout its range, it is important to review the literature and attempt to predict whether the medical risks are as great as have been expressed in scientific journals and the popular press. Examination of the extensive literature indicates that Ae. albopictus probably serves as a maintenance vector of dengue in rural areas of dengue-endemic countries of South-east Asia and Pacific islands. Also Ae. albopictus transmits dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) in South-east Asia, south-eastern U.S.A. and both D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens (Raillet & Henry) in Italy. Despite the frequent isolation of dengue viruses from wild-caught mosquitoes, there is no evidence that Ae. albopictus is an important urban vector of dengue, except in a limited number of countries where Ae. aegypti is absent, i.e. parts of China, the Seychelles, historically in Japan and most recently in Hawaii. Further research is needed on the dynamics of the interaction between Ae. albopictus and other Stegomyia species. Surveillance must also be maintained on the vectorial role of Ae. albopictus in countries endemic for dengue and other arboviruses (e.g. Chikungunya, EEE, Ross River, WNV, LaCrosse and other California group viruses), for which it would be competent and ecologically suited to serve as a bridge vector.
Fluorchemiker tagen in Schmitten (2017)

Mitte September fand in Schmitten im Taunus der 17. deutsche Fluortag statt. Die zweitägige Vortragstagung wird seit mehr als 30 Jahren in einem zweijährigen Turnus veranstaltet. 100 Teilnehmer aus Industrie und Hochschule, unter letzteren überwiegend Doktoranden, besuchten die Veranstaltung. 38 Vorträge präsentierten Aspekte der Fluorchemie von Biochemie über anorganische und organische Synthesen bis zu Anwendungen in den Materialwissenschaften.
A review of statistically-based landslide susceptibility models (2018)

In this paper, we do a critical review of statistical methods for landslide susceptibility modelling and associated terrain zonations. Landslide susceptibility is the likelihood of a landslide occurring in an area depending on local terrain conditions, estimating “where” landslides are likely to occur. Since the first attempts to assess landslide susceptibility in the mid-1970s, hundreds of papers have been published using a variety of approaches and methods in different geological and climatic settings. Here, we critically review the statistically-based landslide susceptibility assessment literature by systematically searching for and then compiling an extensive database of 565 peer-review articles from 1983 to 2016. For each article in the literature database, we noted 31 categories/sub-categories of information including study region/extent, landslide type/number, inventory type and period covered, statistical model used, including variable types, model fit/prediction performance evaluation method, and strategy used to assess the model uncertainty. We present graphical visualisations and discussions of commonalities and differences found as a function of region and time, revealing a significant heterogeneity of thematic data types and scales, modelling approaches, and model evaluation criteria. We found that the range of thematic data types used for susceptibility assessment has not changed significantly with time, and that for a number of studies the geomorphological significance of the thematic data used is poorly justified. We also found that the most common statistical methods for landslide susceptibility modelling include logistic regression, neural network analysis, data-overlay, index-based and weight of evidence analyses, with an increasing preference towards machine learning methods in the recent years. Although an increasing number of studies in recent years have assessed the model performance, in terms of model fit and prediction performance, only a handful of studies have evaluated the model uncertainty. Adopting a Susceptibility Quality Level index, we found that the quality of published models has improved over the years, but top-quality assessments remain rare. We identified a clear geographical bias in susceptibility study locations, with many studies in China, India, Italy and Turkey, and only a few in Africa, South America and Oceania. Based on previous literature reviews, the analysis of the information collected in the literature database, and our own experience on the subject, we provide recommendations for the preparation, evaluation, and use of landslide susceptibility models and associated terrain zonations.
Metabolomic Profiling of Statin Use and Genetic Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase (2016)

BACKGROUND: Statins are first-line therapy for cardiovascular disease prevention, but their systemic effects across lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acids, and circulating metabolites remain incompletely characterized. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the molecular effects of statin therapy on multiple metabolic pathways. METHODS: Metabolic profiles based on serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics were quantified at 2 time points in 4 population-based cohorts from the United Kingdom and Finland (N = 5,590; 2.5 to 23.0 years of follow-up). Concentration changes in 80 lipid and metabolite measures during follow-up were compared between 716 individuals who started statin therapy and 4,874 persistent nonusers. To further understand the pharmacological effects of statins, we used Mendelian randomization to assess associations of a genetic variant known to mimic inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase (the intended drug target) with the same lipids and metabolites for 27,914 individuals from 8 population-based cohorts. RESULTS: Starting statin therapy was associated with numerous lipoprotein and fatty acid changes, including substantial lowering of remnant cholesterol (80% relative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), but only modest lowering of triglycerides (25% relative to LDL-C). Among fatty acids, omega-6 levels decreased the most (68% relative to LDL-C); other fatty acids were only modestly affected. No robust changes were observed for circulating amino acids, ketones, or glycolysis-related metabolites. The intricate metabolic changes associated with statin use closely matched the association pattern with rs12916 in the HMGCR gene (R(2) = 0.94, slope 1.00 ± 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Statin use leads to extensive lipid changes beyond LDL-C and appears efficacious for lowering remnant cholesterol. Metabolomic profiling, however, suggested minimal effects on amino acids. The results exemplify how detailed metabolic characterization of genetic proxies for drug targets can inform indications, pleiotropic effects, and pharmacological mechanisms.
Interaction of metal ions with polynucleotides and related compounds. XIV. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the binding of copper(II) to adenine nucleotides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of metal ions with polynucleotides and related compounds. XIV. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the binding of copper(II) to adenine nucleotidesNathan A. Berger and Gunther L. EichhornCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 10, 1847–1857Publication Date (Print):May 11, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 11 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00786a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00786a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts