gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS BUT NOT RAPAMYCIN ABROGATE ACTIVATION OF THE IMMUNOMODULATORY ENZYME INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE. (2004)

P1143 Aims: T-cell costimulatory blockade prevents allograft rejection and can induce peripheral tolerance. However, concomitant use of calcineurin inhibitors but not rapamycin are known to antagonize these effects. Recently, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) via tryptophan depletion has been demonstrated to be the mediator of CTLA4Ig induced tolerance. An interaction between IDO activity and conventional immunosuppressive agents has not been investigated yet. Methods: Isolated, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with 10μg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and 10mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA) in the absence or presence of 0.01μg/ml - 1μg/ml cyclosporin-A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506), rapamycin (Rapa), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or methylprednisolone (MP). After 48 hours of incubation tryptophan and kynurenin concentrations in cellculture supernatants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Kynurenine to tryptophan ratios (kyn/trp) were calculated as an indirect estimate of functional IDO activity. Results: PHA and ConA significantly induced IDO activation and thus tryptophan degradation in a dose-dependent manner. CsA, FK506 and MMF revealed profound IDO inhibition in PBMCs as reflected by significantly reduced kyn/trp (all P<0.01) and by increasing tryptophan concentrations. (P<0.01) In sharp contrast Rapa and MP, at identical concentrations, had only marginal effects on IDO enzyme activity and did not decrease tryptophan catabolism when compared to mitogen stimulation alone (P=ns). Conclusions: These data provide first evidence that the differential effects of CsA, FK506 and Rapa on IDO activity may explain their capacity to either inhibit, or synergize with tolerance induction, when used in combination with T-cell costimulatory blocking agents.
Supporting Treatments (2004)

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Rare Case of Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema Syndrome with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (2023)

BACKGROUND Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare condition with underlying polyarthritis, pitting edema, and negative rheumatoid factor. It can be associated with an underlying rheumatological condition or can present as a paraneoplastic syndrome with malignancy. We present a rare case of RS3PE associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS). CASE REPORT A 62-year-old man presented in ambulatory medicine clinic with 3-month swelling of distal lower extremities that progressed to distal upper extremities. He had pain and morning stiffness in hands, left elbow, and left shoulder. Examination revealed 3+ pitting edema in bilateral hands, feet, legs, and thighs. Laboratory studies revealed normal blood counts and renal and liver functions. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal; C-reactive protein was mildly elevated (0.7 mg/dL). Echocardiogram and computed tomography of chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed mild splenomegaly (14.5 cm). Serum protein electrophoresis revealed IgG kappa monoclonal peak of 0.1 g/dL. Beta-2 microglobulin was elevated (7.4 mg/L); LDH was elevated (264 U/L). No lytic lesions were present in bones. RS3PE was diagnosed based on established diagnostic criteria. Prednisone produced significant improvement in swelling within 72 h of start; however, he required a longer duration of steroid treatment due to relapse and continued periodic MGUS surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Our case highlights the importance of awareness of this condition in general practice to help with timely diagnosis and intervention, as this condition is steroid responsive. Also, it is important to screen for underlying autoimmune condition, hematological, and solid organ malignancies with appropriate workup.
Mice Lacking NK Cells Develop an Efficient Th1 Response and Control Cutaneous Leishmania major Infection (1999)

NK cells are believed to play a critical role in the development of immunity against Leishmania major. We recently found that transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells into neonatal tgepsilon 26 mice, which are deficient in T and NK cells, resulted in normal T cell development, but no or poor NK cell development. Using this novel model we analyzed the role of NK cells in the development of Th1 response and control of cutaneous L. major infection. Mice selectively lacking NK cells (NK-T+) developed an efficient Th1-like response, produced significant amounts of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, and controlled cutaneous L. major infection. Administration of neutralizing IL-12 Abs to NK-T+ mice during L. major infection resulted in exacerbation of the disease. These results demonstrate that NK cells are not critical for development of protective immunity against L. major. Furthermore, they indicate that IL-12 can induce development of Th1 response independent of NK cells in NK-T+ mice following L.major infection.
Analysis of Fruit Juices Using a Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2012)

АНАЛИЗ ФРУКТОВЫХ СОКОВ ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ФОТОННО-КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛНОВОДОВ С ПОЛОЙ СЕРДЦЕВИНОЙ
New insights into the active site structure and catalytic mechanism of tyrosinase and its related proteins (2009)

Tyrosinases are widely distributed in nature. They are copper-containing oxidases belonging to the type 3 copper protein family, together with catechol oxidases and haemocyanins. Tyrosinases are essential enzymes in melanin biosynthesis and therefore responsible for pigmentation of skin and hair in mammals, where two more enzymes, the tyrosinase-related proteins (Tyrps), participate in the pathway. The structure and catalytic mechanism of mammalian tyrosinases have been extensively studied but they are not completely understood because of the lack of information on the tertiary structure. The availability of crystallographic data of one plant catechol oxidase and one bacterial tyrosinase has improved the model of the three-dimensional structure of the active site of the enzyme. Furthermore, sequence comparison of tyrosinase and the Tyrps reveals that the three orthologue proteins share many key structural features, because of their common origin from an ancestral gene, although the specific residues responsible for their different catalytic capabilities have not been identified yet. This review summarizes our current knowledge of tyrosinase and Tyrps structure and function and describes the catalytic mechanism of tyrosinase and Dct/Tyrp2, which are better characterized.
Controlling Film Morphology in Conjugated Polymer:Fullerene Blends with Surface Patterning (2008)

We study the effects of patterned surface chemistry on the microscale and nanoscale morphology of solution-processed donor/acceptor polymer-blend films. Focusing on combinations of interest in polymer solar cells, we demonstrate that patterned surface chemistry can be used to tailor the film morphology of blends of semiconducting polymers such as poly-[2-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-5-methoxy-p-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly[(9,9-dioctylflorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-benzothiadiazole)] (F8BT), and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N'-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylendiamine) (PFB) with the fullerene derivative, [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). We present a method for generating patterned, fullerene-terminated monolayers on gold surfaces and use microcontact printing and Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) to pattern alkanethiols with both micro- and nanoscale features. After patterning with fullerenes and other functional groups, we backfill the rest of the surface with a variety of thiols to prepare substrates with periodic variations in surface chemistry. Spin coating polymer:PCBM films onto these substrates, followed by thermal annealing under nitrogen, leads to the formation of structured polymer films. We characterize these films with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The surface patterns are effective in guiding phase separation in all of the polymer:PCBM systems investigated and lead to a rich variety of film morphologies that are inaccessible with unpatterned substrates. We demonstrate our ability to guide pattern formation in films thick enough to be of interest for actual device applications (up to 200 nm in thickness) using feature sizes as small as 100 nm. Finally, we show that the surface chemistry can lead to variations in film morphology on length scales significantly smaller than those used in generating the original surface patterns. The variety of behaviors observed and the wide range of control over polymer morphology achieved at a variety of different length scales have important implications for the development of bulk heterojunction solar cells.
ChemInform Abstract: UNUSUAL STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN METHANOL OF THE COMPLEXES OF A NEW PYRIDINE‐SUBSTITUTED CYCLIC POLYETHER‐ESTER COMPOUND WITH SODIUM(1+), POTASSIUM(1+), SILVER(1+), AND BARIUM(2+) IONS ‐ COMPARISON WITH OXYGEN, SULFUR, AND NITROGEN ANALOGS (1977)

Abstract Kalorimetrisch wurden die Kation‐Bindungseigenschaften der Liganden (I) und zum Vergleich der Liganden (II)‐(IV)‐ermittelt.
Supplementary Figure Legends from A Myc Activity Signature Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Myc-Associated Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures S1-S5.&lt;/p&gt;
Cellules souches épidermiques et thérapie génique cutanéeex vivo: application auxeroderma pigmentosum (2008)

Ex vivo cutaneous gene therapy is an alternative treatment for recessively inherited diseases with cutaneous traits. It relies on the transfer in cultured epidermal keratinocytes of the wild-type allele of the gene whose mutation is responsible for the disease. As for severely burnt patients, epithelial sheets developed from genetically corrected cells may then be grafted back to the patients. Long term correction and graft take depend on the genetic correction of stem cells. Success of such an approach has recently been reported in the case of one patient suffering from a severe case of junctional epidermolysis bullosae. Here we report a method for safely selecting keratinocytes populations after genetic manipulation. The method is non invasive and non immunogenic and allows high enrichment of genetically manipulated stem keratinocytes. This could perhaps contribute to ex vivo gene therapy approaches of cancer prone genodermatoses such as xeroderma pigmentosum.
Secondary Bonding Interactions in Biomimetic [2Fe−2S] Clusters (2008)

A series of synthetic [2Fe-2S] complexes with terminal thiophenolate ligands and tethered ether or thioether moieties has been prepared and investigated in order to provide models for the potential interaction of additional donor atoms with the Fe atoms in biological [2Fe-2S] clusters. X-ray crystal structures have been determined for six new complexes that feature appended Et (1(C)), OMe (1(O)), or SMe (1(S)) groups, or with a methylene group (2(C) ), an ether-O (2(O)), or an thioether-S (2(S)) linking two aryl groups. The latter two systems provide a constrained chelate arrangement that induces secondary bonding interactions with the ether-O and thioether-S, which is confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that also reveal significant spin density on those fifth donor atoms. Structural consequences of the secondary bonding interactions are analyzed in detail, and effects on the spectroscopic and electronic properties are probed by UV-vis, Mössbauer, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, as well by SQUID measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The potential relevance of the findings for biological [2Fe-2S] sites is considered.
Tailoring broadband gain incorporating quantum dot fluctuations for a GaInNAs semiconductor optical amplifier (2013)

Abstract It has been observed experimentally that the band edge photoluminescence (PL) of Ga x In 1‐x N y As 1‐y quantum well (QW) materials is broadened due to compositional fluctuations with N distribution. These fluctuations can be modelled as quantum dot‐like region at the conduction band minimum in as‐grown GaInNAs/GaAs QWs. We have developed a rate‐equation approach to describe the distribution of electrons in the QW and QD‐like fluctuations which include the carrier recombination from both the conventional 2D QW layer and the inhomogeneous dot‐like fluctuations. The electron dynamics in the QW and QDs states are examined and the resulting carrier population and broadband gain is derived for a single QW. This is then applied to the design of a broadband gain multi‐QW semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Core-Shell-Shell Nanoparticle Architecture Towards Bright Upconversion and Improved Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (2020)

We synthesized and characterized a core-shell-shell upconverting nanoparticle architecture. Compared to the traditional core-shell architecture, we demonstrated 2-fold brighter single particle emission and 8-fold improved emission enhancement via Förster resonant energy transfer to a dye.
Computer Processing of Tunable Diode Laser Spectra (1989)

A computer-controlled tunable diode laser spectrometer and spectral analysis software are described. The three-channel system records simultaneously the transmission of a subject gas, a temperature-stabilized etalon, and a calibration gas. The software routines are applied to diode laser spectra of HNO 3 and NO 2 to illustrate the procedures adopted for conversion of raw spectral data to useful transmission and harmonic spectra. Extraction of line positions, absorption intensities, collisional broadening coefficients, and gas concentrations from recorded spectra is also described.
Impact of Simultaneous ETBE and Ethanol Addition on Motor Gasoline Properties (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study examines the impact of ETBE and ethanol addition on the main properties of motor gasoline. European Union mandates the use of biofuels in all transport fuels, according to the 2003/30/EC Directive. The addition of ethanol, a known octane enhancing component, in small proportions significantly increases the vapor pressure of the final gasoline, exceeding the maximum specification limits. ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) is on the other hand an excellent but expensive octane enhancing component with beneficial impact on vapor pressure of the final gasoline. This paper examines the ability of ETBE to act as a stabilizer in gasoline - ethanol blends. Two gasoline samples with different chemical compositions and characteristics were prepared by blending basic refinery components. In each sample, ETBE was added in concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 % V/V respectively. In each of these ETBE - gasoline blends, ethanol was added in concentrations from 1 to 6 % V/V in 1% steps. The properties measured were composition, density, distillation characteristics, vapor pressure and octane numbers (RON and MON). In all cases, the addition of ETBE and ethanol had positive effect on octane numbers. The vapor pressure was increased due to ethanol addition, but the blends with ETBE had lower vapor pressures compared to the blends without ETBE. The higher the ETBE concentration, the lower the increase in vapor pressure of the final blend (0.4 to 2.7 kPa, depending on ETBE and ethanol content). Therefore, the use of ETBE as stabilizer can contribute to the introduction of bioethanol in motor gasoline, especially in the warmer EU countries of the Mediterranean Region.&lt;/div&gt;
ABCD-treatment of a propagating doughnut beam generated by a spiral phase plate (2011)

We apply the Collins-Huygens integral to analytically describe propagation of a doughnut beam generated by a spiral phase plate. Measured beam profiles in free space and through an ABCD-lens system illustrate excellent agreement with theory. Applications range from the creation of optical beams with angular momentum to microscopy to trapping neutral atoms. The method extends to other beam shaping components, too.
Homoacetogenesis in Deep-Sea Chloroflexi , as Inferred by Single-Cell Genomics, Provides a Link to Reductive Dehalogenation in Terrestrial Dehalococcoidetes (2017)

The deep marine subsurface is one of the largest unexplored biospheres on Earth and is widely inhabited by members of the phylum <i>Chloroflexi</i> In this report, we investigated genomes of single cells obtained from deep-sea sediments of the Peruvian Margin, which are enriched in such <i>Chloroflexi</i> 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed two of these single-cell-derived genomes (DscP3 and Dsc4) in a clade of subphylum I <i>Chloroflexi</i> which were previously recovered from deep-sea sediment in the Okinawa Trough and a third (DscP2-2) as a member of the previously reported DscP2 population from Peruvian Margin site 1230. The presence of genes encoding enzymes of a complete Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, a <i>Rhodobacter</i> nitrogen fixation (Rnf) complex, glyosyltransferases, and formate dehydrogenases in the single-cell genomes of DscP3 and Dsc4 and the presence of an NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase (Nfn) and Rnf in the genome of DscP2-2 imply a homoacetogenic lifestyle of these abundant marine <i>Chloroflexi</i> We also report here the first complete pathway for anaerobic benzoate oxidation to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the phylum <i>Chloroflexi</i> (DscP3 and Dsc4), including a class I benzoyl-CoA reductase. Of remarkable evolutionary significance, we discovered a gene encoding a formate dehydrogenase (FdnI) with reciprocal closest identity to the formate dehydrogenase-like protein (complex iron-sulfur molybdoenzyme [CISM], DET0187) of terrestrial <i>Dehalococcoides/Dehalogenimonas</i> spp. This formate dehydrogenase-like protein has been shown to lack formate dehydrogenase activity in <i>Dehalococcoides/Dehalogenimonas</i> spp. and is instead hypothesized to couple HupL hydrogenase to a reductive dehalogenase in the catabolic reductive dehalogenation pathway. This finding of a close functional homologue provides an important missing link for understanding the origin and the metabolic core of terrestrial <i>Dehalococcoides/Dehalogenimonas</i> spp. and of reductive dehalogenation, as well as the biology of abundant deep-sea <i>Chloroflexi</i><b>IMPORTANCE</b> The deep marine subsurface is one of the largest unexplored biospheres on Earth and is widely inhabited by members of the phylum <i>Chloroflexi</i> In this report, we investigated genomes of single cells obtained from deep-sea sediments and provide evidence for a homacetogenic lifestyle of these abundant marine <i>Chloroflexi</i> Moreover, genome signature and key metabolic genes indicate an evolutionary relationship between these deep-sea sediment microbes and terrestrial, reductively dehalogenating <i>Dehalococcoides</i>.
Valence-bond isomer chemistry. Part VIII. Cycloaddition reactions of derivatives of hexafluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-diene, and of hexakis(trifluoromethyl)benzvalene (1975)

Certain polyfluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-dienes and related bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-2-enes are active dienophiles in the Diels–Alder reaction, and 1,3-dipolarophiles, at ambient temperatures. Furan reacts with perfluoro-1,2- and -1,3-dimethyl- and 1,2,5- and 1,3,5-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-dienes, 2H-, 2-methyl-, and 2-methoxy-pentafluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-dienes, and exo-5H,exo-6H-, exo-5,exo-6- and exo-5,endo-6-dichloro-, and exo-5,exo-6-dibromo-hexafluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hex-2-enes, to form 1 : 1 adducts; the last compound also forms adducts with cyclopenta-1,3-diene and with buta-1,3-diene. 2H-Pentafluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-diene forms a 2 : 1 adduct also. The apparent order of reactivity of the various double bonds is CF:C·CF3 CF:CF > CH:CF CF:C·CH3, CF:C·OCH3.Phenyl azide forms 1 : 1 adducts with perfluoro-1,3-dimethyl- and -1,3,5-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-dienes, by addition to the CF:F·CF3 double bonds, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzonitrile oxide forms adducts with the 5,6-dichloro- and exo-5H,exo-6H-hexafluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hex-2-enes.Hexakis(trifluoromethyl)tricyclo[3.1.0.02,6]hex-3-ene very readily forms adducts with cyclopenta-1,3-diene, pyrrole, and phenyl azide, whereas hexakis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-diene is unreactive.The variation in reactivity is ascribed to the release of various amounts of ring-strain during reaction, modified by the intervention of steric factors. Crowded endo-fluorine atoms have large 4J values (28–52 Hz).
Expression of Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in Ovine Endometrium During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy (1997)

In this study we investigated the expression of the two cyclooxygenases, cox-1 and -2, in sheep uterine tissues during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. We identified the cox-2 isoform in the ovine uterus by Western blot and demonstrated that the two cyclooxygenases exhibited different patterns of expression. Cox-1 was expressed at steady state levels in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and comparable stages of pregnancy. In contrast, cox-2 was highly and transiently expressed from days 12–15 of the estrous cycle and declined thereafter to undetectable levels. Endometrium from early pregnant ewes showed a similar pattern of cox-2 expression, although there was a slower decrease beyond day 15. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that cox-1 was localized in both epithelial and stromal cells, whereas cox-2 was localized solely in the luminal epithelium and to a lesser extent in the superficial glands. Treatment of ovariectomized ewes with steroids indicated that expression of cox-1 remained at constant levels whatever the treatment. In contrast, endometrial cox-2 was highly induced by a 10-day progesterone treatment. Estradiol slightly increased cox-2 expression but only after progesterone priming. Collectively these results suggest that the developing ability of the uterus to synthesize PGs is due to the induction of cox-2.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrogenerated Chiral Cationic Glycine Equivalents. Part 2. Chiral 3‐Methoxy‐2,5‐Morpholinediones from (S)‐α‐Hydroxy Acids and Dimethyl Aminomalonate. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Somatic symptoms disorders in Parkinson's disease are related to default mode and salience network dysfunction (2019)

fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) showed reduced activity in bilateral lateral parietal cortex and in left anterior insula in both SSD-PD and PD compared to control group. Functional connectivity (FC) values in the DMN areas and between DMN and salience network areas were found to be lower in SSD-PD than in control group and PD. No significant correlation was found between fMRI results and demographic and clinical variables, excluding the effect of possible confounders on fMRI results. The present study, showing reduced activity in bilateral parietal areas and in the left anterior insula as compared to healthy controls, suggests a dysfunction of the DMN and salience network in PD, either with or without SSD. The FC reduction within DMN areas and between DMN and salience network areas in SSD-PD patients suggests a role of dysfunctional connectivity in the resting state network of patients with SSD.
Macroparticles in films deposited by steered cathodic arc (1996)

The macroparticle content of titanium films deposited using a steered vacuum cathodic arc has been investigated. It has been found that the macroparticle number decreases with increasing steering magnetic field strength, and experimental results are found to be consistent with the model in which the number and mass of macroparticles arising from a cathode spot are proportional to the cathode spot volume.