gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From ionising radiation to air ion formation in the lower atmosphere (2016)

Abstract. Most of the ion production in the atmosphere is attributed to ionising radiation. In the lower atmosphere, ionising radiation consists mainly of the decay emissions of radon and its progeny, gamma radiation of the terrestrial origin as well as photons and elementary particles of cosmic radiation. These types of radiation produce ion pairs via the ionisation of nitrogen and oxygen as well as trace species in the atmosphere, the rate of which is defined as the ionising capacity. Larger air ions are produced out of the initial charge carriers by processes, such as clustering or attachment to pre-existing aerosol particles. This study aimed 1) to identify the key factors responsible for the variability in ionising radiation and in the observed air ion concentrations, 2) to reveal the linkage between them, and 3) to provide an in-depth analysis into the effects of ionising radiation on air ion formation, based on measurement data collected during 2003–2006 from a boreal forest site in southern Finland. In general, gamma radiation dominated the ion production in the lower atmosphere. Variations in the ionising capacity came from mixing layer dynamics, soil type and moisture content, meteorological conditions, long-distance transportation, snow cover attenuation and precipitation. Similar diurnal patterns to variations in the ionising capacity were observed in air ion concentrations of the cluster size (0.8–1.7 nm in mobility diameters). Clear promotion effects of the ionising radiation on air ion production were demonstrated. Typically, features observed in the 0.8–1 nm ion concentration were in connection to variations of the ionising capacity. Further by carefully constraining perturbing variables, a clear relationship was also identifiable between the cluster ion concentration and the ionising capacity, proving the functionality of ionising radiation in air ion production in the lower atmosphere.
Multiparameter analysis of stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A comparison of mass and fluorescence cytometry (2015)

Mass and fluorescence cytometry are quantitative single cell flow cytometry approaches that are powerful tools for characterizing diverse tissues and cellular systems. Here mass cytometry was directly compared with fluorescence cytometry by studying phenotypes of healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the context of superantigen stimulation. One mass cytometry panel and five fluorescence cytometry panels were used to measure 20 well-established lymphocyte markers of memory and activation. Comparable frequencies of both common and rare cell subpopulations were observed with fluorescence and mass cytometry using biaxial gating. The unsupervised high-dimensional analysis tool viSNE was then used to analyze data sets generated from both mass and fluorescence cytometry. viSNE analysis effectively characterized PBMC using eight features per cell and identified similar frequencies of activated CD4+ T cells with both technologies. These results suggest combinations of unsupervised analysis programs and extended multiparameter cytometry will be indispensable tools for detecting perturbations in protein expression in both health and disease.
Control Charts for the Expected System Size of Markovian Queues under F-policy (2021)

In F-policy queues, the system stops allowing the entry of customers when it is full and allows customers to enter until the system size is reduced to the threshold F. A well-designed control policy has a relative influence on the waiting time of customers as well as the service quality of the system. For queues controlling the arrival of customers, the expected number of customers in the system is an important characteristic. To maintain the stability, managers need to quickly notice changes in the expected system size and take appropriate action once such changes occur. In this study, we develop six control charts for monitoring the expected system size in the F-policy M/M/1/K queueing system with exponential start-up times. Two methods of system parameters estimation associated with three approaches for control limit calculations are provided. Based on the numerical simulations conducted, the average run length is employed to measure and compare the performances of the control charts obtained. Finally, we present an application example for illustrative purposes.
Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms as Predictors of Cardiovascular Events: Results From the NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study (2009)

Among women with suspected myocardial ischemia, the value of depression symptoms for predicting CVD events varied by the severity of comorbid anxiety. These results suggest that the clinical utility of depression measures may be improved by using them in combination with measures of anxiety.
High speed, single cycle resolution reliability system for RF-MEMS switches (2011)

This paper presents a novel platform for high speed, single cycle resolution lifetime testing of RF-MEMS switches and the results collected. The platform utilizes an FPGA based monitoring system to allow switch cycling up to 45 kHz. In addition, multiple real-time resistance measurements are made each cycle, allowing the accurate detection of intermittent failures. Each measurement is then analyzed and all failures, as well as a periodic sample of passing cycles, are stored and transferred to an external PC for further analysis. Results presented here verify the platform's functionality. Moreover, the results indicate that brief intermittent failures can occur hundreds of millions of cycles before end of life failure, which illustrates the need for single cycle resolution when qualifying RF-MEMS switches for use in larger RF systems. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported reliability system capable of single cycle resolution at high cycling frequencies.
One-Shadow-Mask Self-Assembled Ultralow-Voltage Coplanar Homojunction Thin-Film Transistors (2010)

A self-assembling diffraction method is developed for low-voltage coplanar homojunction thin-film transistor (TFT) fabrication. In this one-shadow-mask process, a channel layer can be simultaneously self-assembled between indium-tin-oxide (ITO) source/drain electrodes during magnetron sputtering deposition. When a microporous SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based solid electrolyte is used as the gate dielectric, full-depletion-mode ITO TFTs show an ultralow operation voltage of 1.5 V due to the large specific capacitance (4.44 μF/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). A small subthreshold swing of 0.12 V/decade and a large on/off ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> are obtained. Our results demonstrate that such a simple one-mask self-assembling method is promising for low-cost TFT fabrication.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FUSARIC ACID IN CULTURES OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM SCHLECHT (1967)

The incorporation of radioactivity into fusaric acid from 14 C-labeled acetate and DL-aspartate was examined using two strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Acetate-1- 14 C labeled the carboxyl (C-7) group and alternate carbon atoms C-8 and C-10 of the n-butyl chain. The remaining two carbon atoms (C-9 and C-11) of the n-butyl chain were labeled by acetate-2- 14 C, which contributed only a small amount of radioactivity to C-7. Both precursors labeled the pyridine ring. Almost two-thirds of the label in fusaric acid produced from DL-aspartate-1- 14 C was in C-7 with most of the remainder in the pyridine ring; DL-aspartate-4- 14 C gave the reverse pattern. The proportion of radioactivity in C-7 decreased only slightly when contact time between precursor and culture was reduced. The distribution of label between C-7 and the pyridine ring was similar to that between C-1 and C-4 of protein aspartic acid isolated in the same experiment. Malonate-2- 14 C and glycerol-1,3- 14 C labeled fusaric acid to approximately the same extent as DL-aspartate-4- 14 C, but succinate-1,4- I4 C was a poor precursor. The results are consistent with the biogenesis of fusaric acid from three units of acetate and one of aspartate. Yields of the metabolite from cultures grown on a modified Richards' medium were increased by supplements of sodium acetate, but not of aspartate.
Falsirhodobacter sp. alg1 Harbors Single Homologs of Endo and Exo-Type Alginate Lyases Efficient for Alginate Depolymerization (2016)

Alginate-degrading bacteria play an important role in alginate degradation by harboring highly efficient and unique alginolytic genes. Although the general mechanism for alginate degradation by these bacteria is fairly understood, much is still required to fully exploit them. Here, we report the isolation of a novel strain, Falsirhodobacter sp. alg1, the first report for an alginate-degrading bacterium from the family Rhodobacteraceae. Genome sequencing reveals that strain alg1 harbors a primary alginate degradation pathway with only single homologs of an endo- and exo-type alginate lyase, AlyFRA and AlyFRB, which is uncommon among such bacteria. Subsequent functional analysis showed that both enzymes were extremely efficient to depolymerize alginate suggesting evolutionary interests in the acquirement of these enzymes. The exo-type alginate lyase, AlyFRB in particular could depolymerize alginate without producing intermediate products making it a highly efficient enzyme for the production of 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH). Based on our findings, we believe that the discovery of Falsirhodobacter sp. alg1 and its alginolytic genes hints at the potentiality of a more diverse and unique population of alginate-degrading bacteria.
Enhanced charge separation in organic photovoltaic films doped with ferroelectric dipoles (2012)

A key requirement for realizing efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is the dissociation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs (singlet-excitons) in the donor polymer, and charge-transfer-excitons at the donor–acceptor interface. However, in modern OPVs, these excitons are typically not sufficiently harnessed due to their high binding energy. Here, we show that doping the OPV active-layers with a ferroelectric polymer leads to localized enhancements of electric field, which in turn leads to more efficient dissociation of singlet-excitons and charge-transfer-excitons. Bulk-heterojunction OPVs based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester are fabricated. Upon incorporating a ferroelectric polymer as additive in the active-layer, power conversion efficiencies increase by nearly 50%, and internal quantum efficiencies approach 100% – indicating complete exciton dissociation at certain photon energies. Similar enhancements in bilayer-heterojunctions, and direct influence of ferroelectric poling on device behavior show that improved dissociation is due to ferroelectric dipoles rather than any morphological change. Enhanced singlet-exciton dissociation is also revealed by photoluminescence lifetime measurements, and predicted by simulations using a numerical device model.
Modeling lithofacies alternations from well logs using Hirarchical Markov Chains (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Modeling lithofacies alternations from well logs using Hirarchical Markov ChainsAuthors: Jo EidsvikPaul SwitzerJo EidsvikNTNU, Tapan, Mukerji, Stanford Rock Physics Lab and Paul SwitzerStanford Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817218 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817218FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jo Eidsvik and Paul Switzer, (2002), "Modeling lithofacies alternations from well logs using Hirarchical Markov Chains," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 2463-2466. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817218 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biomimetic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Mycoleptodiscin A (2016)

Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-mycoleptodiscin A (1) was achieved starting from the enantiopure key intermediate, which was prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction between 7-methoxyindole and chiral primary allylic alcohol. The crucial step in this synthesis was an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction at C-4 of the indole derivative driven by the EDG/EWG within a compound that was rationally designed to prevent the cyclization reaction at the C-2 positon of indole, thereby successfully providing the complete carbon framework of 1. This intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction at C-4 of indole derivative could be applied for the synthesis of other C-4-substituted indole alkaloid natural products.
Extending complex ad-hoc OLAP (1999)

Large scale data analysis and mining activities require sophisticated information extraction queries. Many queries require complex aggregation, and many of these aggregates are non-distributive. Conventional solutions to this problem involve defining User Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs). However, the use of UDAFs entails several problems. Defining a new UDAF can be a significant burden for the user, and optimizing queries involving UDAFs is difficult because of the “black box” nature of the UDAF.
Narrow Track Confinement by AC Field Generation Layer in Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008)

Microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) has been proposed to provide sufficient writability in magnetic recording when the magnetic grain has a large crystalline anisotropy field in high recording density. In this paper, the relationship between the track width and recording head designs in this novel recording scheme is studied using micromagnetic modeling. By controlling the AC field generation layer width, high track density can be obtained without decreasing the main pole width in the writer. A quantitive result shows 770 KTPI can be realized in MAMR with a 120 nm wide main pole and 25 nm wide AC field generation layer.
Development of Growth Factor Releasing Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel for Pulp Regeneration: A Preliminary Study (2022)

Growth factors play essential roles as signaling molecules in pulp regeneration. We investigated the effect of a hyaluronic acid (HA)-collagen hybrid hydrogel with controlled release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB on human pulp regeneration. The cell interaction and cytotoxicity of the HA-collagen hybrid hydrogel, the release kinetics of each growth factor, and the effects of the released growth factors on pulp cell proliferation were examined. The vitality of pulp cells was maintained. The amounts of FGF-2 and PDGF-BB released over 7 days were 68% and 50%, respectively. Groups with a different concentration of growth factor (FGF-2: 100, 200, 500, and 1000 ng/mL; PDGF-BB: 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 ng/mL) were experimented on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Considering FGF-2 concentration, significantly increased pulp cell proliferation was observed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 in the 100 ng/mL group and on days 3, 5, and 7 in the 200 ng/mL group. In the case of PDGF-BB concentration, significantly increased pulp cell proliferation was observed at all four time points in the 100 ng/mL group and on days 3, 5, and 7 in the 50, 200, and 500 ng/mL groups. This indicates that the optimal concentration of FGF-2 and PDGF-BB for pulp cell proliferation was 100 ng/mL and that the HA-collagen hybrid hydrogel has potential as a controlled release delivery system for FGF-2 and PDGF-BB.
Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu2CdSnS4 Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency (2019)

Abstract The identification of performance‐limiting factors is a crucial step in the development of solar cell technologies. Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 ‐based solar cells have shown promising power conversion efficiencies in recent years, but their performance remains inferior compared to other thin‐film solar cells. Moreover, the fundamental material characteristics that contribute to this inferior performance are unclear. In this paper, the performance‐limiting role of deep‐trap‐level‐inducing 2Cu Zn +Sn Zn defect clusters is revealed by comparing the defect formation energies and optoelectronic characteristics of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 and Cu 2 CdSnS 4 . It is shown that these deleterious defect clusters can be suppressed by substituting Zn with Cd in a Cu‐poor compositional region. The substitution of Zn with Cd also significantly reduces the bandgap fluctuations, despite the similarity in the formation energy of the Cu Zn +Zn Cu and Cu Cd +Cd Cu antisites. Detailed investigation of the Cu 2 CdSnS 4 series with varying Cu/[Cd+Sn] ratios highlights the importance of Cu‐poor composition, presumably via the presence of V Cu , in improving the optoelectronic properties of the cation‐substituted absorber. Finally, a 7.96% efficient Cu 2 CdSnS 4 solar cell is demonstrated, which shows the highest efficiency among fully cation‐substituted absorbers based on Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 .
Effects of CX3CR1 and CXCR2 antagonists on running-dependent intramuscular neutrophil recruitments and myokine upregulation (2023)

Muscle contractile activity stimulates intramuscular recruitment of immune cells including neutrophils emerging to serve as a prerequisite for exerting proper muscular performance, although the underlying mechanisms and their contributions to myokine upregulation remain ill-defined. We previously reported that pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1, a fractalkine receptor, dampens gnawing-dependent neutrophil recruitment into masseter muscles along with compromising their masticatory activity. By using a running exercise model, we herein demonstrated that hindlimb muscles require collaborative actions of both CX3CR1- and CXCR2-mediated signals for achieving neutrophil recruitment, upregulation of myokines including interleukin (IL)-6, enhanced GLUT4 translocation, and adequate endurance capability. Mechanistically, we revealed that a combination of CX3CR1 and CXCR2 antagonists, i.e., AZD8797 and SB2205002, inhibits exercise-inducible ICAM-1 and fractalkine upregulations in the area of the endothelium and muscle-derived CXCL1 upregulation, both of which apparently contribute to the intramuscular neutrophil accumulation in working muscles. Intriguingly, we also observed that 2 h of running results in intramuscular augmentation of innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) markers, i.e., Bcl11b mRNA levels and anti-GATA-3-antibody-positive signals, and that these effects are completely abolished by administration of the combination of CX3CR1 and CXCR2 antagonists. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that the exercise-evoked regional interplay among working myofibers, the adjacent endothelium, and recruited immune cells including neutrophils and possibly ILC2s, mediated through these local factors, plays a key role in the organization of the intramuscular microenvironment supporting the performance of hindlimb muscles during running.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provides compelling evidence that running-dependent intramuscular neutrophil recruitment requires both CX3CR1- and CXCR2-mediated signals that prime not only myofiber-derived myokine upregulations but also endothelium ICAM-1 and fractalkine expressions. The results revealed the importance of the exercise-evoked regional interplay among working myofibers, the adjacent endothelium, and recruited immune cells, including neutrophils and possibly ILC2s, which plays a key role in the organization of the intramuscular microenvironment supporting the performance of hindlimb muscles during running.
Characterization of Growth and Conidia Production of Exserohilum monoceras on Different Substrates (1997)

On agar media the maximum conidia production of Exserohilum monoceras occurred on V-8 juice agar (VA) or centrifuged V-8 juice agar, whereas the optimal radial mycelial growth occurred on Czapek-Dox agar. The optimal temperatures for radial mycelial growth and conidia production were 28 and 27°C respectively. Light prohibited E. monoceras conidia production. The best sporulation occurred under continuous dark conditions. Echinochloa leaf decoction significantly increased conidia production on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and VA, and significantly increased germ tube length on PDA, lima bean agar and VA, but did not affect conidia germination. No conidia were produced in liquid media. Of 22 agricultural-based products evaluated as solid substrates, the most abundant sporulation (1.8 × 106 conidia g−1 of dry weight) occurred on corn leaves. The conidia production of E. monoceras on corn leaves was affected by incubation period, moisture content and substrate quantity. There were no differences in germination rate, germ tube length and virulence of conidia produced on agar media or corn leaves.
Introduction (2012)

Abstract This introduction introduces three central themes of the chapters in the collection: the relationship between Wittgenstein's account of representation and Russell's theories of judgment, the role of objects in the tractarian system and Wittgenstein's philosophical method. It argues that some central aspects of the tractarian theory of representation should be understood as a modification of Russell's ideas on judgment. It then discusses the role of Frege's context principle in Wittgenstein's ideas.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Phenolics from Pterocarpus marsupium (1997)

Glucose levels in rats with hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin were determined after i.p. administration of marsupsin (1), pterosupin (2), and pterostilbene (3), three important phenolic constituents of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium. Marsupsin and pterostilbene significantly lowered the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic rats, and the effect was comparable to that of 1,1-dimethylbiguanide (metformin).
Atomic-scale flattening of SiC surfaces by electroless chemical etching in HF solution with Pt catalyst (2007)

The authors present a method for flattening SiC surfaces with Pt as a catalyst in HF solution. The mechanism for flattening SiC surfaces is discussed. The flattened 4H-SiC(0001) surface is composed of alternating wide and narrow terraces with single-bilayer-height steps, which are induced by the rate difference of the catalytic reactions between adjacent terraces. Scanning tunneling microscopy images reveal a 1×1 phase on the terraces. The 1×1 phase is composed of coexisting of F- and OH-terminated Si atoms, which originate from the polarization of the underlying Si–C bonds.
<title>High-speed test station for solid state imagers</title> (1993)

A PC-based programmable solid-state imager test station has been designed and is in final development phases. It is designed to provide a flexible universal high-speed platform for evaluation of different imager designs and formats including various multiport configurations. The system provides drive and acquisition circuitry and components to allow electro-optic characterization of imagers as a function of pixel readout rate. The data are scan-converted to RS-170 format for analysis. The system's functional capabilities and performance are presented. Examples of program code to generate three phase clocks for an 8-port Frame Transfer EEV CCD are included. A sampling of preliminary results obtained from variable rate clocking of this imager are discussed.