gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WLC11-4: Power Control for Cellular MIMO Systems (2006)

Power control is an important technique for interference management in interference-limited multiuser communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel multidimensional power control technique for the uplink of cellular MIMO systems. Similar to prior single antenna power control work, we employ a fixed SINR target that allows guaranteed quality-of-service for delay-sensitive data applications. The proposed power control scheme is a more general technique because it incorporates single antenna, orthogonal multi-carrier, and utility-based power control schemes as special cases. Two approaches are proposed, the first where each user's power is equally allocated to its antenna array, in the second the allocation is adaptive. The optimal solution with full channel knowledge, and a practical near-optimal solution requiring only partial channel knowledge, are both derived. Numerical results show that power control actually achieves higher throughput a.t the low SINRs typical in cellular systems, compared to supposedly optimal water-filling strategies, with lower overhead and complexity. In the higher SINR ranges, iterative water-filling indeed slightly outperforms adaptive power allocation. Due to its better exploitation of spatial diversity and reduced transmit power (and hence reduced other-cell interference), adaptive power allocation increases the achievable SINR by an order of magnitude over equal power allocation, resulting in far better coverage.
Correction to “Relationship between aerosol oxidation level and hygroscopic properties of laboratory generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles” (2011)

[1] In the paper “Relationship between aerosol oxidation level and hygroscopic properties of laboratory generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles” by P. Massoli et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L24801, doi:10.1029/2010GL045258, 2010) Text S1 is missing from the auxiliary material and now appears here. Auxiliary material for this article contains a detailed description of the experimental methods and instruments used in this study. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right-click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL-click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection and identification of activated oncogenes in spontaneously occurring benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors of the B6C3F1 mouse. (1986)

Species- and strain-specific spontaneously occurring tumors have been observed in rodents maintained under normal laboratory conditions. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of these spontaneous tumors may provide a better understanding of tumor development associated with exposure to chemical carcinogens. In view of the high frequencies of oncogene activation shown in rodent tumors induced by known chemical carcinogens, we have investigated oncogene activation in spontaneous tumors of the B6C3F1 mouse and Fischer 344/N rat by DNA transfection techniques. A marked difference in the presence of activated oncogenes in spontaneous rat tumors versus spontaneous mouse liver tumors was observed in this study. All rat tumors tested failed to yield activated oncogenes (0/29), whereas 30% (3/10) of mouse hepatocellular adenomas and 77% (10/13) of hepatocellular carcinomas scored positive by DNA transfection. These transforming genes were identified as an activated Ha-ras gene in all the adenoma transfectants and in 8 of the 10 carcinoma transfectants. The two remaining hepatocellular carcinomas contained transforming genes that appear not to be members of the known ras gene family. The B6C3F1 mouse liver system might provide a very sensitive assay not only for assessing the potential of a chemical to activate a cellular proto-oncogene, but also for detecting various classes of proto-oncogenes that are susceptible to mutational activation.
Hemoglobin Inhibits Uptake of Filtered Proteins by Proximal Tubule Cells: Implications for Sickle Cell Disease and Vitamin D Status (2018)

Proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction, including tubular proteinuria, is a significant complication in sickle cell disease (SCD) that can eventually lead to chronic kidney disease. The PT is especially susceptible to cytotoxic damage, and tubular dysfunction in SCD is thought to result from prolonged exposure to hemoglobin (Hb) released from damaged red blood cells. Filtered Hb dimers are internalized into PT cells upon binding to the multiligand receptors megalin and cubilin. These receptors bind to numerous filtered proteins, including albumin and vitamin D binding protein, and are important for maintaining protein‐free urine and vitamin D homeostasis. We hypothesized that toxicity from exposure to Hb could impair PT cell endocytic function, causing tubular proteinuria. Using a fluorescence‐based protein uptake assay in a PT cell culture model, we found that concentrations of Hb predicted to enter the tubule lumen during hemolytic crisis profoundly inhibit the uptake of other megalin/cubilin ligands (albumin and vitamin D binding protein) by PT cells. These effects were independent of heme reduction state, occurred in the absence of a cytotoxic response, and appear to be due to direct competition for megalin/cubilin binding. The Glu7Val mutant that causes SCD was equally effective at inhibiting albumin uptake compared with wild type Hb. Haptoglobin restored albumin uptake in the presence of Hb, suggesting that haptoglobin binding to the Hb αβ dimer‐dimer interface interferes with Hb binding to megalin/cubilin. Using these data, we established a robust, scalable assay that enables us to screen for selective inhibitors of Hb uptake that preserve PT function. Our studies suggest that the primary cause of tubular proteinuria in SCD is impaired endocytosis of megalin/cubilin ligands due to competition from filtered Hb, rather than toxicity. Our data also suggest a potential explanation for the vitamin D deficiency commonly observed in sickle cell patients. Current studies are focused on characterizing the effects of Hb on vitamin D metabolism and signaling in PT cells. Support or Funding Information National Institutes of Health RO1 DK101484, RO1 DK100357, P30 DK079307, T32 DK061296, TL1 TR001858; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute P3HVB pilot grant This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Simple surface functionalization of polymersomes using non-antibacterial peptide anchors (2016)

The surface functionalization of polymersomes with hydrophilic proteins can be mediated by several peptide anchors in a spontaneous process at extremely mild insertion conditions and without the need of pre-conjugating polymers.
An Enhancer Element Harboring Variants Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Engages the TNFAIP3 Promoter to Influence A20 Expression (2013)

Functional characterization of causal variants present on risk haplotypes identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a primary objective of human genetics. In this report, we evaluate the function of a pair of tandem polymorphic dinucleotides, 42 kb downstream of the promoter of TNFAIP3, (rs148314165, rs200820567, collectively referred to as TT>A) recently nominated as causal variants responsible for genetic association of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein 3 (TNFAIP3). TNFAIP3 encodes the ubiquitin-editing enzyme, A20, a key negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. A20 expression is reduced in subjects carrying the TT>A risk alleles; however, the underlying functional mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. We used a combination of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), mass spectrometry (MS), reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR (ChIP-PCR) and chromosome conformation capture (3C) EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from individuals carrying risk and non-risk TNFAIP3 haplotypes to characterize the effect of TT>A on A20 expression. Our results demonstrate that the TT>A variants reside in an enhancer element that binds NF-κB and SATB1 enabling physical interaction of the enhancer with the TNFAIP3 promoter through long-range DNA looping. Impaired binding of NF-κB to the TT>A risk alleles or knockdown of SATB1 expression by shRNA, inhibits the looping interaction resulting in reduced A20 expression. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism of TNFAIP3 transcriptional regulation and establish the functional basis by which the TT>A risk variants attenuate A20 expression through inefficient delivery of NF-κB to the TNFAIP3 promoter. These results provide critical functional evidence supporting a direct causal role for TT>A in the genetic predisposition to SLE.
Investigating the stratified efficacy and safety of pharmacological blood pressure-lowering: an overall protocol for individual patient-level data meta-analyses of over 300 000 randomised participants in the new phase of the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration (BPLTTC) (2019)

Ethics approval has been obtained for this new and extended phase of the BPLTTC, the largest collaboration of de-identified IPD from RCTs. It offers an efficient and ethical manner of re-purposing existing data to answer clinically important questions relating to BP treatment as well as methodological questions relating to IPD meta-analyses. Among the immediate impacts will include reliable quantification of effects of treatment modifiers, such as baseline BP, age and prior disease, on both vascular and non-vascular outcomes. Analyses will further assess the impact of BP-lowering on important, but less well understood, outcomes, such as new-onset diabetes and renal disease. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals on behalf of the collaboration.
Distinguishing authentic and counterfeit banknotes by surface chemical composition determined using electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (2013)

Electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI/MS) was used to rapidly distinguish authentic banknotes from counterfeits of the US dollar and the New Taiwan dollar. The banknotes' surfaces were irradiated with a pulsed ultraviolet laser, after which the desorbed ink compounds entered an electrospray plume and formed ions via interactions with charged solvent species. Authentic banknotes were found to differ from their counterfeit equivalents in their surface chemical compositions. The detected chemical compounds included various polymers, plasticizers and inks; these results were comparable with those obtained using solvent extraction followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Because of the high spatial resolution of the laser beam, ELDI/MS analysis resulted in minimal damage to the banknotes.
Skin Ultrastructural Clues on the Impact of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Women (2016)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is heterogeneous in its genetic origins, molecular defects, and ultrastructure of connective tissues (CT). It frequently represents underdiagnosed heritable conditions. The altered mechanical functions of the involved tissues lead to variable combinations of increased skin distensibility and elasticity, joint laxity and CT fragility. In addition, EDS women commonly suffer from some gynecologic and obstetric disorders. In most instances, the diagnosis is based on selected clinical criteria. Dermal ultrastructural changes show representative patterns suggesting some EDS types: the collagen and elastic fibres are altered in the dermis, ligaments, vessel walls and internal organs. Although EDS is presumed to be a rare condition, physicians should view the disease outside the limits of conventional medical practices. Women are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and various menstrual abnormalities. A multidisciplinary approach is usually welcome.
Computational Prediction of miRNA Genes from Small RNA Sequencing Data (2015)

Next-generation sequencing now for the first time allows researchers to gage the depth and variation of entire transcriptomes. However, now as rare transcripts can be detected that are present in cells at single copies, more advanced computational tools are needed to accurately annotate and profile them. microRNAs (miRNAs) are 22 nucleotide small RNAs (sRNAs) that post-transcriptionally reduce the output of protein coding genes. They have established roles in numerous biological processes, including cancers and other diseases. During miRNA biogenesis, the sRNAs are sequentially cleaved from precursor molecules that have a characteristic hairpin RNA structure. The vast majority of new miRNA genes that are discovered are mined from small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq), which can detect more than a billion RNAs in a single run. However, given that many of the detected RNAs are degradation products from all types of transcripts, the accurate identification of miRNAs remain a non-trivial computational problem. Here, we review the tools available to predict animal miRNAs from sRNA sequencing data. We present tools for generalist and specialist use cases, including prediction from massively pooled data or in species without reference genome. We also present wet-lab methods used to validate predicted miRNAs, and approaches to computationally benchmark prediction accuracy. For each tool, we reference validation experiments and benchmarking efforts. Last, we discuss the future of the field.
Improving GAN Training via Feature Space Shrinkage (2023)

Due to the outstanding capability for data generation, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have attracted considerable attention in unsupervised learning. However, training GANs is difficult, since the training distribution is dynamic for the discriminator, leading to unstable image representation. In this paper, we address the problem of training GANs from a novel perspective, \emph{i.e.,} robust image classification. Motivated by studies on robust image representation, we propose a simple yet effective module, namely AdaptiveMix, for GANs, which shrinks the regions of training data in the image representation space of the discriminator. Considering it is intractable to directly bound feature space, we propose to construct hard samples and narrow down the feature distance between hard and easy samples. The hard samples are constructed by mixing a pair of training images. We evaluate the effectiveness of our AdaptiveMix with widely-used and state-of-the-art GAN architectures. The evaluation results demonstrate that our AdaptiveMix can facilitate the training of GANs and effectively improve the image quality of generated samples. We also show that our AdaptiveMix can be further applied to image classification and Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection tasks, by equipping it with state-of-the-art methods. Extensive experiments on seven publicly available datasets show that our method effectively boosts the performance of baselines. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/WentianZhang-ML/AdaptiveMix.
Oxidations of a quadridentate iron(II) Schiff base complex by organic molecules (1973)

C. Floriani and G. Fachinetti, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 17 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000017
Synthesis and antiaggregatory activity of RGD-peptidomimetics based on 4-oxo-4-(piperazine-1-yl)butyric acid as Arg-mimetic. (2004)

A scheme of synthesis of previously obtained RGDF-peptidomimetic-4-oxo-4-(piperazine-1-yl)butyrylglycyl-D,L-beta-phenyl-beta-alanine (I), was simplified. The novel RGDF-peptidomimetic -4-oxo-4-piperazine-1-yl)butyryl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine (II) was synthesized with the use of 4-oxo-4-(piperazine-1-yl)butyric acid as arginyl mimetic. The obtained pseudopeptides were able to inhibit both platelet aggregation in human blood and binding of fibrinogen to its receptor.
Regenerative self-pulsating sources of large bandwidths (2013)

Self-pulsating sources based on cascaded regeneration by self-phase modulation and offset filtering are investigated experimentally using large filter bandwidths of 3.5 nm and up to semi-infinite bandwidths. In accordance with numerical results reported previously, such sources self-start from amplified spontaneous emission, and picosecond pulses are sustained in a nonlinear cavity. We provide numerical and experimental results indicating the generation of 2 ps pulses and observe 0.4 ps pulses after dispersion compensation and amplification. We also demonstrate that a pair of low- and high-pass filters spawn pulses whose bandwidths are determined by the combination of the filters and gain profiles, hence simplifying the experimental setup for short pulse generation.
Governance for planetary health and sustainable development (2015)

and a parallel need for connected thinking in health education nowadays. Leopold’s “The Land Ethic” consolidated the modern conservation movement. At present, the global health movement is broad but ill defi ned, inspired by a sense of urgent purpose (staving off ill health around the world), but without the single, deeply internalised, central guiding principle that, according to Leopold, impels sustained societal commitment. Following Leopold, we advocate for a global health ethic that not only galvanises the world’s eff orts, but also does so by inspiring “an internal change in our intellectual emphasis, loyalties, aff ections, and convictions”. Despite its profundity, “The Land Ethic” remains principally a literary achievement; the philosophical aspiration at its core has not, as Leopold hoped, transformed society. Near the end of his essay, Leopold presciently writes, “Perhaps the most serious obstacle impeding the evolution of a land ethic is the fact that our educational and economic system is headed away from, rather than toward, an intense consciousness of land.” We admit that, in the present, resource-limited, hypereconomised world, our plea for a new ethical norm to guide global health might seem quixotic. Even so, each and every one of us, individually and through our relationships, will experience an intense consciousness of health—whether we live in a city in Africa or the woods of Wisconsin. Perhaps this shared reality might yet inspire the development of a global health ethic that all of society eventually embraces.
Deuterium incorporation via zinc-copper couple reductions of halides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium incorporation via zinc-copper couple reductions of halidesRobert M. Blankenship, Kenneth A. Burdett, and John S. SwentonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 15, 2300–2301Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00929a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00929a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generation and performance of localised surface plasmons utilising nano-scale structured multi-layered thin films deposited upon D-shaped optical fiber (2013)

A new generation of surface plasmonic optical fibre sensors is fabricated using multiple coatings deposited on a lapped section of a single mode fibre. Post-deposition UV laser irradiation using a phase mask produces a nano-scaled surface relief grating structure, resembling nano-wires. The overall length of the individual corrugations is approximately 14 &mu;m with an average full width half maximum of 100 nm. Evidence is presented to show that these surface structures result from material compaction created by the silicon dioxide and germanium layers in the multi-layered coating and the surface topology is capable of supporting localised surface plasmons. The coating compaction induces a strain gradient into the D-shaped optical fibre that generates an asymmetric periodic refractive index profile which enhances the coupling of the light from the core of the fibre to plasmons on the surface of the coating. Experimental data are presented that show changes in spectral characteristics after UV processing and that the performance of the sensors increases from that of their pre-UV irradiation state. The enhanced performance is illustrated with regards to change in external refractive index and demonstrates high spectral sensitivities in gaseous and aqueous index regimes ranging up to 4000 nm/RIU for wavelength and 800 dB/RIU for intensity. The devices generate surface plasmons over a very large wavelength range, (visible to 2 <i>&mu;</i>m) depending on the polarization state of the illuminating light.
Delayed Infection after Immunization with a Peptide from the Transmembrane Glycoprotein of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (1998)

Recent advances in the quantitative assessment of viral burden, by permitting the extension of criteria applied to assess the efficacy of vaccines from all-or-none protection to diminution of the viral burden, may allow the identification of original immunogens of value in combined vaccines. Peptides corresponding to three domains of the envelope glycoproteins of feline immunodeficiency virus that are recognized during natural infection were used to immunize cats. After challenge with a primary isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus, the development of acute infection was monitored by quantitative assessment of the viral burden in plasma and tissues by competitive reverse transcription-PCR, by measurement of the humoral response developed to viral components, and by lymphocyte subset analysis. Whereas immunization with two peptides derived from the surface glycoprotein had no effect on the early course of infection, immunization with a peptide derived from the transmembrane glycoprotein delayed infection, as reflected by a diminished viral burden in the early phase of primary infection and delayed seroconversion. This peptide, located in the membrane-proximal region of the extracellular domain, has homology to an epitope of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recognized by a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that lentivirus transmembrane glycoproteins share a determinant in the juxtamembrane ectodomain which could be of importance in the design of vaccines against AIDS.