gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A visual attention model for high dynamic range (HDR) video content (2015)

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is gaining widespread acceptance in computer graphics, photography and multimedia industry. Representing scenes with values corresponding to real-world light levels, HDR images and videos provide superior picture quality and more life-like visual experience than traditional 8-bit Low Dynamic Range (LDR) content. In this thesis, we present a few attempts to assess and improve the quality of HDR using subjective and objective approaches. We first conducted in-depth studies regarding HDR compression and HDR quality metrics. We show that High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) outperforms the previous version of compression standard on HDR content and could be used as a platform for HDR compression if provided with some necessary extensions. We also find that, compared to other quality metrics, the Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) quality metric has the highest correlation with subjective opinions on HDR videos. These findings contributed to the development of methods that optimize existing video compression standards for HDR applications. Next, the viewing experience of HDR content is evaluated both subjectively and objectively. The study shows a clear subjective preference for HDR content when individuals are given a choice between HDR and LDR displays. Eye tracking data were collected from individuals viewing HDR content in a free-viewing task. These eye tracking data collected are utilized in the development of a visual attention model for HDR content. Last but not least, we propose a computational approach to predict visual attention for HDR video content, the only one of its kind as all existing visual attention models are designed for HDR images. This proposed approach simulates the characteristics of the Human Visual System (HVS) and makes predictions by combining the spatial and temporal visual features. The analysis using eye tracking data affirms the effectiveness of the proposed model. Comparisons employing three well known quantitative metrics show that the proposed model substantially improves predictions of visual attention of HDR.
Feasibility of the use of a Stereoscopic Camera In the Final Inclusion (SCI-FI) of Donor Organ Assessment Using Virtual Reality Technology (2021)

Objective: Donor organ assessment is challenging, particularly when physicians and surgeons have to make decisions remotely. To improve communication and preparation for the transplant process, we proposed that a versatile, secure, and transportable video presence would enable a detailed assessment of donor organs. Methods: A virtual reality camera with a 360-degree visualization range was used with a smartphone receiver to enable integral assessment of the donor's heart in the operating room, with visualization of the organs in real time. Prospective, observational data was collected in two cases in this proof-of-concept study. An assessment physician evaluated the donor heart remotely, and the assessment physician’s conclusions were compared to the transplanting surgeon. Results: The assessment physician was able to adjust the view, angle, contrast, and zoom of the images independently and deemed the organs suitable for transplant, which correlated in a blinded fashion with the procurement surgeon’s independent assessment. Discussion: Usage of 360-degree high definition cameras and real-time, three-dimensional mobile receivers may be a feasible approach to apply to organ procurement, allowing physicians located remotely from the procurement center to participate and assist in the final intraoperative assessment for organ acceptance.
Abstract #3208: Ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme 2 are prognostic markers for aggressive neuroblastoma independent of MYCN amplification status (2009)

High polyamine (PA) levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) over-expression are well-known phenomena in many aggressive cancer types. We analyzed the expression of ODC and ODC-activity regulating genes antizymes 1-3 (AZ1-3) and AZ inhibitors 1-2 (AZ-IN1-2) in human neuroblastoma (NB) tumors to determine their potential correlations with genetic and clinical features of NB. Since ODC is a known target gene of MYCN, the correlation between ODC and MYCN was of special interest. Data were obtained from Affymetrix micro-array analysis of a set of NB tumors (88 samples). ODC mRNA was highly expressed in all 88 NB tumors, and ODC mRNA expression levels were significantly predictive of decreased overall survival probability along with unfavorable patient age at diagnosis, MYCN gene amplification, 1p loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), and unfavorable INSS tumor stage and tumor histology (all P MYCN amplification, suggesting an additional role for ODC independent of MYCN. Conversely, AZ2 mRNA expression levels correlated with increased overall survival probability along with favorable INSS tumor stage, MYCN amplification, and 1p LOH (all P Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3208.
Numerical Simulation of Antennas with Improved Integral Equation Method* (2015)

Abstract Simulating antennas around a conducting object is a challenge task in computational electromagnetism, which is concerned with the behaviour of electromagnetic fields. To analyze this model efficiently, an improved integral equation-fast Fourier transform (IE-FFT) algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed scheme employs two Cartesian grids with different size and location to enclose the antenna and the other object, respectively. On the one hand, IE-FFT technique is used to store matrix in a sparse form and accelerate the matrix-vector multiplication for each sub-domain independently. On the other hand, the mutual interaction between sub-domains is taken as the additional exciting voltage in each matrix equation. By updating integral equations several times, the whole electromagnetic system can achieve a stable status. Finally, the validity of the presented method is verified through the analysis of typical antennas in the presence of a conducting object.
Both the rightward and the leftward open reading frames within the BamHI M DNA fragment of Epstein-Barr virus act as trans-activators of gene expression (1987)

The BamHI M DNA fragment of Epstein-Barr virus was shown to activate transcription of the cotransfected chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter. Both the BamHI-BglII and the HindIII-BamHI subfragments of the BamHI M fragment, corresponding to the rightward reading frame BMRF1 and the leftward reading frame BMLF1, respectively, had the ability to activate transcription from the simian virus 40 promoter. The trans-activating function was well correlated with the expression of nuclear early antigens, which suggests that early antigens encoded by BMRF1 and BMLF1 are responsible for trans-activation and possibly play a role in regulated expression of virus genomes.
PL2‐49, a monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein IIb which is a platelet activator (1989)

PL2-49 is a murine monoclonal IgG1 antibody obtained after immunization of Balb/c mice with EDTA washed platelets. Binding could be detected on Zwa(+) as well as Zwa(-) platelets, but not on type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia platelets using an ELISA screening test. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that PL2-49 bound to glycoprotein IIb when the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex dissociation was performed after the monoclonal antibody binding. Experiments with a human alloantibody against Zwa antigen were run in parallel to control the complex dissociation. Ascitic fluid, as well as the purified antibody, induced activation and aggregation of washed platelets and ATP release. PL2-49-induced aggregation did not require exogenous fibrinogen and was inhibited, partially, in the presence of aspirin, apyrase, isosorbide dinitrate. Raising intra-platelet cyclic AMP with a stable PGI2 analogue, iloprost, and/or a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RA 233, suppressed the responses to PL2-49. F(ab')2 fragments did not induce aggregation of normal platelets but inhibited the response to the whole immunoglobulin. Finally PL2-49 was shown to induce aequorin-detected elevations in intraplatelet Ca++ levels. Thus PL2-49 seems to differ from monoclonal antibodies so far described, since it binds to glycoprotein IIb in a complex-dependent manner at least under our experimental conditions for immunoprecipitation studies, and it induces platelet Ca++ mobilization and platelet aggregation after a lag-time. These reactions depend both on Fab and Fc domains of the antibody and require neither complement nor exogenous fibrinogen.
Disease of lower cranial nerves caused by vascular compression (2008)

Between April 1989 and September 2007, 181 patients with disease of lower cranial nerves (DLCN) underwent posterior fossa exploration. As a cause of DLCN, vascular compression (VC) was present in 89 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), in 6 with hemifacial spasm (HFS), in 1 with glossopharyngeal neuralgia, in 1 with Meniere's disease, and in 5 with multiple DLCN. Depending on intraoperative findings, different surgical options were used: microvascular decompression (MVD), MVD with partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) or total sensory rhizotomy (TSR). Statistic analysis was made using the Fisher's exact 2-side test. In patients with TN, excellent outcome was archived in 83 patients and good in 6. Postoperative outcome was better (p = 0.007) in cases with severe VC, but without significant correlation between used surgical option and outcome (p = 0.402). Frequency rate of relapses did not depend on severity of VC (p = 0.502) and used surgical option (p = 0.175). In 6 patients with HFS, excellent outcome was archived in 5 with arterial compression and poor in 1 with venous contact. In patients with Meniere's disease and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, MVD result with excellent outcome. In 5 patients with multiple DLCN, excellent outcome was archived in 3 and good in 2. MVD is method of choice in surgical treatment of DLCN caused by VC. Overall outcome is better with severity of VC.
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase signaling in the regulation of metabolism (2012)

Inositol phosphates (IPs) act as signaling messengers to regulate various cellular processes such as growth. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) generates inositol tetrakis- and pentakisphosphates (IP₄ and IP₅), acting as a key enzyme for inositol polyphosphate biosynthesis. IPMK was initially discovered as an essential subunit of the arginine-sensing transcription complex in budding yeast. In mammals, IPMK is also known as a physiologically important phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) that forms phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP₃), which activates Akt/PKB and stimulates its signaling. Acting in a catalytically independent fashion, IPMK mediates the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in response to essential amino acids. In addition, IPMK binds and modulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways, including those involved in hypothalamic control of food intake. These recent findings strongly suggest that IPMK is a versatile player in insulin-, nutrient-, and energy-mediated metabolism signaling networks. Agents that control IPMK functions may provide novel therapeutics in metabolic syndromes such as obesity and diabetes.
An augmented electric field integral equation formulation for dielectrics and conductors at low frequencies (2015)

A full wave integral equation method for dielectrics and conductors is developed based on the augmented electric field integral equation. This method rigorously models dielectrics and conductors to solve circuit interconnects and packaging problems. By treating the two regions rigorously and solving both the internal and external problems with the augmented electric field integral equation, accurate results for dielectrics are obtained efficiently. The conductors, however, are modeled as highly lossy dielectrics. A novel integration technique is analyzed and adopted to capture the wave properties inside the conductors. A strategy of integrating this method with the mixed-form fast multipole algorithm is presented. With the fast algorithm, more complicated, multi-scale structures with a large number of unknowns can be solved. Some numerical results show the capability of this method to solve realistic circuit problems efficiently and accurately.
Issues in Communication Game (2003)

As interaction between autonomous agents, communication can be analyzed in game-theoretic terms. Meaning game is proposed to formalize the core of intended communication in which the sender sends a message and the receiver attempts to infer its meaning intended by the sender. Basic issues involved in the game of natural language communication are discussed, such as salience, grammaticality, common sense, and common belief, together with some demonstration of the feasibility of game-theoretic account of language.
Nine Post-translational Modifications during the Biosynthesis of Cinnamycin (2011)

Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides that are characterized by the thioether cross-linked amino acids lanthionine (Lan) and methyllanthionine (MeLan). Cinnamycin is a 19 amino acid lantibiotic that contains one Lan and two MeLan. Cinnamycin also contains an unusual lysinoalanine (Lal) bridge formed from the ε-amino group of lysine 19 and a serine residue at position 6, and an erythro-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid resulting from the hydroxylation of L-aspartate at position 15. These modifications are critical in mediating the interactions of cinnamycin with its target, phosphatidylethanolamine. Recently, the cinnamycin biosynthetic gene cluster (cin) from Streptomyces cinnamoneus cinnamoneus DSM 40005 was reported. Herein, we investigated the biosynthetic machinery using both in vitro studies and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. CinX is an α-ketoglutarate/iron(II)-dependent hydroxylase that carries out the hydroxylation of aspartate 15 of the precursor peptide CinA. In addition, CinM catalyzes dehydration of four Ser and Thr residues and subsequent cyclization of Cys residues to form the three (Me)Lan bridges. The order of the post-translational modifications catalyzed by CinM and CinX is interchangeable in vitro. CinX did not require the leader sequence at the N-terminus of CinA for activity, but the leader peptide was necessary for CinM function. Although CinM dehydrated serine 6, it did not catalyze the formation of Lal. A small protein encoded by cinorf7 is critical for the formation of the cross-link between Lys19 and dehydroalanine 6 as shown by coexpression studies of CinA, CinM, CinX, and Cinorf7 in E. coli.
Impact of Screening and Treatment ofUreaplasmaspecies on Hyperammonemia Syndrome in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience (2020)

Donor-derived Ureaplasma spp in lung transplant was associated with HS. Screening lung donors for Ureaplasma spp might allow for targeted therapy to reduce risk for development of HS, but future confirmatory studies are needed.
IBS in a CAM-Dominated Electron Beam (2006)

Electron cooling of the 8.9 GeV/c antiprotons in the Recycler ring requires highquality dc electron beam with the current of several hundred mA and the kinetic energy of 4.3 MeV. That high electron current is attained through beam recirculation (charge recovery). The primary current path is from the magnetized cathode at high voltage terminal to the ground, where the electron beam interacts with the antiproton beam and cooling takes place, and then to the collector in the terminal. The energy distribution function of the electron beam at the collector determines the required collector energy acceptance. Multiple and single intra-beam scattering as well as the dissipation of density micro -fluctuations during the beam transport are studied as factors forming a core and tails of the electron energy distribution. For parameters of the Fermilab electron cooler, the single intra-beam scattering (Touschek effect) is found to be of the most importance.
Early Literacy in Children with Hearing Loss: A Comparison Between Two Educational Systems (2006)

achievements associated with literacy between children with and without hearing loss, as well as between children with hearing loss enrolled in different inclusive programs, already appear in kindergarten. Focusing on training and improvement of pre-literacy capabilities in kindergarten may decrease those gaps. Research Lab at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. inclusion requires commitment from numerous sources and respectful partnerships among key stakeholders. The findings of the study have implications for the identification of variables to promote the successful integration of children and youth with hearing loss as well as other forms of communication difficulties.
Original Research Article Andean and Tibetan Patterns of Adaptation to High Altitude (2013)

Objectives: High-altitude hypoxia, or decreased oxygen levels caused by low barometric pressure, challenges theability of humans to live and reproduce. Despite these challenges, human populations have lived on the Andean Alti-plano and the Tibetan Plateau for millennia and exhibit unique circulatory, respiratory, and hematological adaptationsto life at high altitude. We and others have identiﬁed natural selection candidate genes and gene regions for theseadaptations using dense genome scan data. One gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, eglnine homolog 1 (EGLN1), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Interestingly, the patternof variation for this gene differs between the two populations. Continued research among Tibetan populations has iden-tiﬁed statistical associations between hemoglobin concentration and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype atEGLN1 and a second gene, endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1).Methods: To measure for the effects of EGLN1 and EPAS1 altitude genotypes on hemoglobin concentration amongAndean highlanders, we performed a multiple linear regression analysis of 10 candidate SNPs in or near these twogenes.Results: Our analysis did not identify signiﬁcant associations between EPAS1 or EGLN1 SNP genotypes and hemo-globin concentration in Andeans.Conclusions: These results contribute to our understanding of the unique set of adaptations developed in differenthighland groups to the hypoxia of high altitude. Overall, the results provide key insights into the patterns ofgenetic adaptation to high altitude in Andean and Tibetan populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:190–197, 2013.
Swim speed secrets for swimmers and triathletes : master the freestyle technique used by the world's fastest swimmers (2012)

In Swim Speed Secrets, 4-time Olympian, gold medallist, and triathlon world champion Sheila Taormina reveals the swim technique used by the world's fastest swimmers. Over the course of 4 Olympic Games and throughout her career as a world champion triathlete, Taormina refined her exceptional technique as a student of the sport, studying the world's best swimmers using underwater photographs and video analysis. From Johnny Weissmuller to Michael Phelps, the world's fastest swimmers share one common element: a high-elbow underwater pull. Many swimmers and triathletes neglect the pull, distracted by stroke count or perfecting less critical details like body position, streamlining, and roll. Swim Speed Secrets focuses on the pull - the most crucial element of swimming - to help triathletes and swimmers overhaul their swim stroke and find the speed that's been eluding them. With a commonsense approach that comes from decades of practice and 15 years of hands-on coaching experience, Taormina explains why the high-elbow underwater pull is the most important part of swimming and how swimmers can transition to this vital technique. She offers the best drills to cultivate a sensitive feel for the water. Her dryland and strength building exercises develop the arm positioning and upper body musculature required to swim faster. She describes what it feels like when swimmers have learned the secret and offers tips that helped her perform at a world-class level for two decades. Sheila Taormina's Swim Speed Secrets brings the focus back where it belongs - to a powerful underwater stroke. With this book, triathletes and swimmers can stop swimming for survival and break through to new levels of speed and confidence in the water. Sheila Taormina is one of a handful of athletes who have competed in four Olympic games and the only woman in the world to have competed in three distinctly different sports - swimming, triathlon, and modern pentathlon. At just 5' 2 tall, Taormina's exceptional freestyle swim technique helped her win a gold medal in the 1996 Olympics and the 2004 ITU triathlon world championship. For 15 years, Taormina has coached elite and age-group swimmers and triathletes to develop the strong underwater pull that propelled her to such athletic success in her racing career. Taormina conducts dozens of swim clinics around the world each year.
Stabilizing GANs with Soft Octave Convolutions (2021)

Motivated by recently published methods using frequency decompositions of convolutions (e.g. Octave Convolutions), we propose a novel convolution scheme to stabilize the training and reduce the likelihood of a mode collapse. The basic idea of our approach is to split convolutional filters into additive high and low frequency parts, while shifting weight updates from low to high during the training. Intuitively, this method forces GANs to learn low frequency coarse image structures before descending into fine (high frequency) details. We also show, that the use of the proposed soft octave convolutions reduces common artifacts in the frequency domain of generated images. Our approach is orthogonal and complementary to existing stabilization methods and can simply be plugged into any CNN based GAN architecture. Experiments on the CelebA dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reinforcement using the Keller plan (wave mechanics) (1976)

Describes the Keller or self-paced reinforcement programme to consolidate the lecture course of a conceptually difficult subject (wave mechanics), the understanding of which is crucial to the rest of an honours degree physics course. In addition to improving the students' understanding of wave mechanics, it was also hoped that this teaching programme might improve the attitudes and learning methods of the weaker students, by suggesting to them how to structure their post-lecture study.
Effects of Transition Metal Carbides (NbC, TaC, WC, ZrC) on Mechanical Properties of TiC–SiC Composite Ceramics (2019)

Other transition metal carbides NbC, TaC, WC, and ZrC added TiC–SiC composite ceramics were sintered at 1800°C and 1850°C using a resistance-heated hot pressing machine. The raw materials TiC, α-SiC and the reaction products TiC-based solid solutions were detected in the ceramics. The highest Young’s modulus value of 477 GPa was obtained for the ceramics with 17 mol% TaC. The Vickers hardness of TiC–SiC composite ceramics was increased by the addition of TaC, ZrC, and a small amount of NbC, reaching 21 GPa at 12 mol% TaC. There was a correlation between the hardness of TiC–SiC composite ceramics and the average grain size of TiC. The fracture toughness of TiC–SiC composite ceramics was increased with increasing WC amount below 5 mol%, and TaC below 12 mol%. The addition of 12 mol% TaC to TiC–SiC composite ceramics was increased not only the hardness but also the fracture toughness, its value reaching 6.1 MPa m0.5.