gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial polarization of disseminated conductive minerals in absence of redox-active species — Part 2: Effective electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity (2016)

ABSTRACT Hydrocarbon-bearing conventional formations, mudrock formations, and source-rock formations generally contain clays, pyrite, magnetite, graphitelike carbon, and/or other electrically conductive mineral inclusions. Under redox-inactive conditions, these inclusions give rise to perfectly polarized interfacial polarization (PPIP) when subjected to an external electric field. Effective electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity of geomaterials containing such inclusions are frequency-dependent properties due to the electric-field-induced interfacial polarization and associated charge relaxation around host-inclusion interfaces. Existing resistivity interpretation techniques do not account for PPIP phenomena, and hence they can lead to inaccurate estimation of water saturation, total organic content, and conductivity of formation water based on subsurface galvanic resistivity, electromagnetic (EM) induction, and EM propagation measurements in the presence of conductive mineral inclusions. In the first paper of our two-part publication series, we derived a mechanistic electrochemical model, the PPIP model, and we validated a coupled model that integrates the PPIP model with a surface-conductance-assisted interfacial polarization (SCAIP) model to quantify the frequency-dependent electrical complex conductivity of geomaterials. We have used the PPIP-SCAIP model to evaluate the dependence of effective complex-valued conductivity of geologic mixtures on (1) frequency, (2) conductivity of the host medium, and (3) material, size, and the shape of inclusions. Notably, we have used the PPIP-SCAIP model to identify rock conditions that give rise to significant differences in effective conductivity and effective relative permittivity of conductive-inclusion-bearing mixtures from those of conductive-inclusion-free homogeneous media. For a mixture containing as low as a 5% volume fraction of disseminated conductive inclusions, the low-frequency effective conductivity of the mixture is in the range of −30% to +100% with respect to the host conductivity for frequencies between 100 Hz and 100 kHz. Further, the high-frequency effective relative permittivity of that mixture is in the range of −10% to +90% with respect to the host relative permittivity for frequencies between 100 kHz and 10 MHz.
Hepatocellular adenoma: An unsolved diagnostic enigma (2019)

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign liver tumour associated with the use of oral contraceptives or other steroid medications which occurs predominantly in young and middle-aged women. Unlike other benign liver tumours, an HCA may be complicated by bleeding and malignant transformation. HCAs have been divided into four subtypes based on molecular and pathological features: hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-mutated HCA, inflammatory HCA, β-catenin-mutated HCA, and unclassified HCA. β-catenin-mutated HCA has the highest risk of haemorrhage or malignant transformation. In the latest upgrade of the guidelines regarding the management of benign liver tumours published in 2016 by the European Association for the Study of the Liver, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recognized to be superior to all other imaging modalities in detecting HCAs and in being able to subtype HCAs up to 80%, with positive identification of 1α-mutated HCA or inflammatory HCA achievable with > 90% specificity. This review analyzed the imaging features of HCA using MRI with hepato-specific contrast agents, focusing on the limitations in the HCA characterization.
Hydrogels For Controlled Drug Delivery (1984)

Hydrogels are materials which can swell to a significant degree, usually more than 30 pph (parts per hundred), with water, but which do not dissolve in water. Most materials found in living organisms have some degree of water content and can be considered as natural hydrogels. There is thus considerable interest amongst biomaterials scientists in synthetic hydrogels for use in the manufacture of prosthetic devices and the coating of tubes to be inserted in vivo. Probably the biggest single use up to the present has been in soft contact lenses (Peppas, 1982). To date, most effort has been concentrated on free radical polymerised homo- or copolymers of hydroxyalkylmethacrylates (Good and Mueller, 1981), acrylamide (White and Dorion, 1961), N-vinyl pyrrolidone (Davis, 1974) and acrylic or methacrylic acids. Some recent interest in the biocompatibility of poly(ethylene oxides) (PEO) has been aroused and a wound-dressing sheet (King, 1968) based on this structure has reached the market place. In this paper, the preparation of a novel class of crystalline-rubbery polymers of PEO will be described and it will be shown that there are marked chemical and physical differences between materials containing chains of PEO of length less than approximately 20 units when compared with those containing chains of much greater length, e.g. 60 units.KeywordsDifferential Scanning CalorimeterEthylene OxideHollow CylinderControl Drug DeliveryBishop ScoreThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Atrial electromechanical delay in patients undergoing heart transplantation (2016)

Inter-AEMD and intra-AEMD were prolonged in patients who underwent heart transplantation as compared to a control population. This may explain the increased atrial fibrillation and other atrial arrhythmia incidences associated with the biatrial anastomosis heart transplantation technique and may contribute to the treatment of atrial fibrillation in this special patient group.
Management of Hyperkalemia with a Cation-Exchange Resin (1961)

IN patients with advanced renal insufficiency hyperkalemia may lead to death by its myocardial effects.1 , 2 Glucose and insulin solutions, calcium and hypertonic sodium salts, intestinal and peritoneal lavage, extracorporeal hemodialysis, hormone administration, infusion of alkali salts such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium lactate and cation-exchange resins have been used in the management of this problem.3 4 5 This report describes the use of a sulfonic polystyrene cation-exchange resin in the sodium cycle∥ for the control of hyperpotassemia in both acute and chronic renal disease.Synthetic ion-exchange resins were first made available to industry in 1935 and have since been extensively adapted to . . .
EARLY RESULTS OF A NEW METHOD OF TREATMENT FOR IDIOPATHIC CONGENITAL VERTICAL TALUS (2006)

Background: The treatment of idiopathic congenital vertical talus has traditionally consisted of manipulation and application of casts followed by extensive soft-tissue releases. However, this treatment is often followed by severe stiffness of the foot and other complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method of manipulation and cast immobilization, based on principles used by Ponseti for the treatment of clubfoot deformity, followed by pinning of the talonavicular joint and percutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon in patients with idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Methods: The cases of eleven consecutive patients who had a total of nineteen feet with an idiopathic congenital vertical talus deformity were retrospectively reviewed at a minimum of two years following treatment with serial manipulations and casts followed by limited surgery consisting of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy (all nineteen feet), fractional lengthening of the anterior tibial tendon (two) or the peroneal brevis tendon (one), and percutaneous pin fixation of the talonavicular joint (twelve). The principles of manipulation and application of the plaster casts were similar to those used by Ponseti to correct a clubfoot deformity, but the forces were applied in the opposite direction. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at the time of presentation, immediately postoperatively, and at the time of the latest follow-up. Radiographic measurements obtained at these times were compared. In addition, the radiographic data at the final evaluation were compared with normal values for an individual of the same age as the patient. Results: Initial correction was obtained both clinically and radiographically in all nineteen feet. A mean of five casts was required for correction. No patient underwent extensive surgical releases. At the final evaluation, the mean ankle dorsiflexion was 25° and the mean plantar flexion was 33°. Dorsal subluxation of the navicular recurred in three patients, none of whom had had pin fixation of the talonavicular joint. At the time of the latest follow-up, there was a significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in all of the measured radiographic parameters compared with the pretreatment values, and all of the measured angles were within normal values for the patient's age. Conclusions: Serial manipulation and cast immobilization followed by talonavicular pin fixation and percutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon provides excellent results, in terms of the clinical appearance of the foot, foot function, and deformity correction as measured radiographically at a minimum two years, in patients with idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Semisynthetic Analogs of the Antibiotic Fidaxomicin—Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation (2020)

The glycoslated macrocyclic antibiotic fidaxomicin (<b>1</b>, tiacumicin B, lipiarmycin A3) displays good to excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and was approved for the treatment of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infections (CDI). Among the main limitations for this compound, its low water solubility impacts further clinical uses. We report on the synthesis of new fidaxomicin derivatives based on structural design and utilizing an operationally simple one-step protecting group-free preparative approach from the natural product. An increase in solubility of up to 25-fold with largely retained activity was observed. Furthermore, hybrid antibiotics were prepared that show improved antibiotic activities.
Composition of the type VII secretion system membrane complex (2012)

Pathogenic mycobacteria require type VII secretion (T7S) systems to transport virulence factors across their complex cell envelope. These bacteria have up to five of these systems, termed ESX-1 to ESX-5. Here, we show that ESX-5 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mediates the secretion of EsxN, PPE and PE_PGRS proteins, indicating that ESX-5 is a major secretion pathway in this important pathogen. Using the ESX-5 system of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a model, we have purified and analysed the T7S membrane complex under native conditions. blue native-PAGE and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the ESX-5 membrane complex of both species has a size of ~ 1500 kDa and is composed of four conserved membrane proteins, i.e. EccB(5) , EccC(5) , EccD(5) and EccE(5) . Subsequent limited proteolysis suggests that EccC(5) and EccE(5) mostly reside on the periphery of the complex. We also observed that EccC(5) and EccD(5) expression is essential for the formation of a stable membrane complex. These are the first data on a T7S membrane complex and, given the high conservation of its components, our data can likely be generalized to most mycobacterial T7S systems.
Numerically focused full-field swept-source optical coherence microscopy with structured illumination (2018)

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the possibility of transverse resolution improvement combined with effective numerically focused 3D imaging in full-field swept-source optical coherence microscopy (OCM) by using structured illumination and specific numerical post-processing. The possibility of transverse resolution improvement of the OCM coherence signal combined with the possibility of numerical focusing is demonstrated by imaging a resolution test target in the optical focus and defocus regions. The possibility of numerically focused 3D imaging with high transverse resolution is further demonstrated by imaging a 3D phantom and a biological sample. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility and prospects of the combination of structured illumination and numerical focusing in Fourier domain OCM.
Hybridization of graphene sheets and carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a synergistic adsorbent of organic dyes (2012)

Magnetic graphene–Fe3O4@carbon (GFC) hybrids with hierarchical nanostructures have been synthesized and their application as an adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes has been investigated. Graphene–Fe3O4 hybrids were first prepared via a facile one-pot solvothermal process, then carbonaceous coatings on Fe3O4 nanoparticles of nanometer thickness were synthesized by a hydrothermal carbonization process using eco-friendly glucose as a carbon source. Graphene sheets acting as two-dimensional (2D) substrates can effectively prevent the Fe3O4 nanoparticles from aggregating and enable a good dispersion of these magnetic nanoparticles. The carbonaceous layer protects the Fe3O4 nanoparticles in acidic environments and greatly enhances the specific surface area of the hybrids which is beneficial for the removal of organic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB). The resultant GFC hybrids exhibit great adsorption properties not only in water but also in acidic environments, and about 86% and 77% of the dye removal efficiency can be retained after five adsorption–desorption cycles in water and 1 M HCl, respectively. The rapid and efficient adsorption of organic dyes from water as well as acid suggests that the GFC hybrids have potential environmental applications as alternatives to commercial materials in wastewater treatment for the removal of organic dyes.
Antenne à matériaux BIE multifréquences (2009)

International audience
Microstructure and electrical properties of epitaxial SrBi{sub 2}Nb{sub 2}O{sub 9} and SrBi{sub 2}Ta{sub 2}O{sub 9} films. (2000)

No abstract prepared.
ANTIBIOTIC BASICS FOR CLINICIANS (2012)

Antibiotics basics for clinicians , Antibiotics basics for clinicians , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
ChemInform Abstract: Concerning the Selective Protection of (Z)‐1,5‐syn‐Ene‐diols and (E)‐1,5‐anti‐Ene‐diols as Allylic Triethylsilyl Ethers. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distinct Effects of Left or Right Atrial Cannulation on Left Ventricular Hemodynamics in a Swine Model of Acute Myocardial Injury (2016)

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and the TandemHeart left ventricular (LV) assist device are increasingly employed as mechanical circulatory support devices during acute LV injury. We examined the effects of right atrial to femoral artery (RA-FA; VA-ECMO) bypass versus left atrial to femoral artery (LA-FA; TandemHeart) bypass using a centrifugal pump (Cardiac Assist Inc, Pittsburgh, PA) on LV hemodynamics in a swine model of acute LV injury. In eight male swine, the RA-FA bypass group employed a 21 Fr inflow cannula in the right atrial (RA) and a 17 Fr FA outflow cannula. The LA-FA bypass group employed a 21 Fr inflow cannula in the LA and a 17 Fr FA outflow cannula. Both pump configurations were activated at 3,500 rotations per minute (RPMs) followed by balloon angioplasty-mediated occlusion of the left circumflex (LCx) artery. After 30 minutes of LCx occlusion, RPMs through the centrifugal pump were increased from 3,500, 5,500 then to a maximum at 7,500 RPMs. At 7,500 RPMs, RA-FA and LA-FA bypass generated 3.5 ± 0.1 and 3.6 ± 0.2 liters/minute (LPM) of flow, respectively. At maximum flow, RA unloading increased LV end-systolic pressure and estimated wall stress, whereas LA unloading reduced LV end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume, and native stroke volume without changing estimated wall stress. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation acutely increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) without unloading the LV, whereas the TandemHeart maintains MAP and unloads the LV. These findings indicate that RA versus LA cannulation for circulatory support have distinct acute hemodynamic effects on the LV.
Supplemental Table ST1 from Linking Transcriptomic and Imaging Data Defines Features of a Favorable Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Identifies a Combination Biomarker for Primary Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient characteristics of the Macrophage Survey sub-cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
Enhanced Reconstruction of the Quantised Transform Coefficients for WYNER-ZIV Coding (2007)

In recent years, the Distributed Video Coding (DVC) has become a more and more popular research area. In the current work, the framework of transform domain Wyner-Ziv coding of video frames is considered, following the scheme developed in the EU Project DISCOVER. While some frames are conventionally coded as key frames, other frames are Wyner-Ziv encoded using turbo codes. After the generation of side information and turbo decoding process at the decoder, the quantisation indices of the quantised transform coefficients of Wyner-Ziv frames are available. In this paper, we devote our attention to the reconstruction of quantised transform coefficients resulting in a minimised quantisation error energy, where coding gains of up to 0.9 dB are obtained.
Color neutrality effects in the phase diagram of the Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model (2008)

The phase diagram of a two-flavor Polyakov-loop Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model is analyzed imposing the constraint of color charge neutrality. The main effect of this constraint is a coexistence of the chiral symmetry breaking ($\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{SB}$) and two-flavor superconducting phases. Additional effects are a shrinking of the $\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{SB}$ domain in the $T\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}$ plane and a shift of the end point to lower temperatures, but their quantitative importance is shadowed by the intrinsic uncertainties of the model. The effects can be understood in view of the presence of a nonvanishing color chemical potential ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{8}$, which is introduced to compensate the color charge density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{8}$ induced by a background color gauge mean field ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{3}$. At low temperatures and large chemical potentials the model exhibits a quarkyonic phase, which gets additional support from the diquark condensation.
On the rising and sinking motion of bouncing oil drops in strongly stratified liquids (2023)

When an immiscible oil drop is immersed in a stably stratified ethanol–water mixture, the Marangoni flow on the surface of the drop can experience an oscillatory instability, so that the drop undergoes a transition from levitating to bouncing. The onset of the instability and its mechanisms have been studied previously (Li et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 126, 2021, 124502; Li et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 932, 2022, A11), yet the bouncing motion of the drop itself, which is a completely different problem, has not yet been investigated. Here we study how the bouncing characteristics (jumping height, rising and sinking time) depend on the control parameters (drop radius, stratification strength, drop viscosity). We first record experimentally the bouncing trajectories of drops of different viscosities in different stratifications. Then a simplified dynamical analysis is performed to get the scaling relations of the jumping height and the rising and sinking times. The rising and sinking time scales are found to depend on the drag coefficient $C_D^S$ of the drop in the stratified liquid, which is determined empirically for the current parameter space (Zhang et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 875, 2019, 622–656). For low-viscosity (5 cSt) oil drops, the results on the drag coefficient match those from the literature (Yick et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 632, 2009, pp. 49–68; Candelier et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 749, 2014, pp. 184–200). For high-viscosity (100 cSt) oil drops, the parameter space had not been explored and the drag coefficients are not readily available. Numerical simulations are therefore performed to provide external verification for the drag coefficients, which well match with the experimental results.
Traditional Chinese medicine (2008)

1938 www.thelancet.com Vol 372 December 6, 2008 transplantations. At present, 87 institutions have full approval from the Ministry of Health; 77 others have provisional approval and 18 months to comply with all the regulations. This number is a reduction from the more than 600 institutions that did transplants 1 year ago. Regulations have been set up to ban transplant tourism. The penalty for participating in a transplant that involves payment for organs is substantial. Reforms have decreased the number of cadaveric organ transplants by more than two or three fold and increased the number of living-related organ transplants by more than 100% in China in 2007. The drop in transplantation over the past 3 years is a result of these changes acting in tandem. Currently, post-transplant registries are being developed. An organisational structure for transplantation must be established to oversee, implement, audit, and set up a balance of authority between the central and provincial governments. A registry of recipients that uses robust methods of data-collection should be started. Donation, use of organs, and selection of patients are currently hospital based, without centralised standards, and a transparent system for organ procurement, equitable organ allocation, and selection of patients is needed. China is planning regulations for the new phase of transplantation, which will largely conform to international standards. There are nuances within the system to accommodate cultural diff erences. For example, the laws for brain death will incorporate language that will respect the family’s wishes, especially when they are based on religious belief that requires the whole body be buried. Despite a sharp decrease, capital punishment still exists in China. The long-term goal for social development is to abolish the death penalty but, until then, regulations need to protect prisoners’ rights and desires and separate transplant programmes from the prison system.
Modeling the separation of small peptides by cation‐exchange chromatography (2010)

Cation-exchange chromatography was applied for the separation of short synthetic peptide standards, with various charges and hydrophobicities. The methodology to develop simple, reproducible and accurate models, based on physicochemical peptide properties, was described. A multilinear regression method was used for the calculation of the models, and descriptors were chosen according to the observed phenomena. The predictive and interpretative ability of the chromatographic models was evaluated considering cross-validated data (root mean-squared error of calibration, root mean-squared error, root mean-squared error of cross-validation and the Fisher ratio). Hydrophobic coefficients for amino acids were calculated with or without consideration of peptide sequences. A simple model, with only two parameters (charge and hydrophobic coefficient) was built. It enabled an accurate prediction of short peptide elution (up to nine residues). As the model was intended for further characterization of complex mixtures of unknown peptides, some mixtures were analyzed to investigate possible interactions between molecules. Peptides eluted in exactly the same pattern as when injected alone, supporting the use of these models for complex mixtures of small peptides.