gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Bone Marrow Erythroid Precursors Is Associated with Shorter Survival in Low-Grade Myelodysplastic Syndromes. (2004)

Abstract According to the FAB and WHO classifications, the diagnosis of acute erythroid leukemia is based on the numbers of nucleated red blood cells and myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. The WHO classification recognizes two types of acute erythroid leukemia; M6A with 51–80% erythroid precursors and with 20% or more of the non-erythroid precursors being myeloid blasts; and M6B with more than 80% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow consisting of erythroid precursors, regardless of the percentage of the myeloid blasts. Previous studies have shown that many cases of acute erythroid leukemia arise in patients with a history of myelodysplastic syndrome and in other cases acute erythroid leukemia is associated with significant dysplastic features. The significance of the number of erythroid precursors is not well known in the myelodysplastic syndromes. In the present study, we included 617 consecutive patients with low-grade myelodysplasia (482 patients with refractory anemia [RA] and 135 patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts [RARS]). Among this group, 82 patients with 50% or more of erythroid precursors had shorter survival compared with 535 patients with less than 50% erythroid precursors (P &amp;lt; .01; Figure 1). The shorter survival in those with 50% or more of erythroid precursors may reflect the tendency of these patients to have worse International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) scores. Thus, among the patients with less than 50% erythroid precursors and primary MDS, 35% were IPSS low, 52% IPSS intermediate 1, and 13% IPSS intermediate 2. For the patients with 50% or more of erythroid precursors, the corresponding proportions were 14%, 57%, and 29%, respectively (P &amp;lt; .001). As a result of the association between IPSS and the percentage of erythroid precursors, the percentage of erythroid precursors had no effect on survival within individual IPSS groups. Similarly, the percentage of erythroid precursors had no prognostic significance in patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Our findings demonstrate that in low-grade dysplasia (RA and RARS) the number of erythroid precursors may represent an important prognostic marker. These findings implicate that the percentage of erythroid precursors should be considered in the classification of the low-grade myelodysplastic syndromes. A multivariate analysis will be performed to ascertain the relative effects of IPSS score and the percentage of erythroid precursors on prognosis in patients with low-grade myelodysplasia. Figure Figure
Assessment of the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escape from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors and 3C-like protease inhibitors (2023)

The emergence and spread of antiviral-resistant SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern. In this study, we evaluated the propensity of Omicron variants to escape from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) inhibitors and 3C-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors. SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants were serially passaged in vitro in the presence of RdRP inhibitors (remdesivir and molnupiravir) and 3CLpro inhibitors (nirmatrelvir and lufotrelvir) to detect SARS-CoV-2 escape mutants. After five passages with 3CLpro inhibitors, mutant viruses that escaped from 3CLpro inhibitors emerged; however, in the presence of RdRP inhibitors all variants disappeared within 2-4 passages. Our findings suggest that the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 mutant escape from RdRP inhibitors is lower than that from 3CLpro inhibitors. We also found that Delta variants were more likely to acquire amino acid substitutions associated with resistance to 3CLpro inhibitors under the selective pressure of this drug compared with Omicron variants.
Active Modification of Host Cell Phagosomes by Toxoplasma Gondii (2020)

Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic intracellular parasite that, in the tachizoite stage in the life cycle, is capable of infecting a wide range of nucleated cells of vertebrate hosts. In an effort to characterize the adaptations of tachizoites that facilitate intracellular survival, this chapter examines the unique modifications of host cell phagosomes that occur following infection with T. gondii. Toxoplasma enters the host cell by invagination of the plasma membrane in a process that resembles phagocytosis yet also involves active orientation and motility by the parasite. T. gondii contains electron-dense vacuoles, distinctly separate from the rhoptries, that appear to fuse with the cell membrane and discharge their contents into the newly formed phagosome. The distribution of Toxoplasma surface antigens in the intravacuolar networks is readily demonstrated by surface colloidal gold labeling using both polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies to T. gondii.
Comparison of the Line-Reversed Channelsp¯p→π−π+andπ+p→pπ+at 6 GeV/c (1977)

Differential cross sections have been measured for $\overline{p}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ (1) and its line-reversed partner ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ (2) in the range ${t}_{min}&gt;t&gt;\ensuremath{-}1.5$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$ at 6 GeV/c. Clear structure is seen in the differential cross section for Reaction (1) at $t\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}0.4$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. However, this feature is quite different from the striking dip seen in (2) at $t\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}0.15$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$, indicating a failure of line reversal and disagreement with simple Regge models.
Accurate Timing and Noise Analysis of Combinational and Sequential Logic Cells Using Current Source Modeling (2010)

A current source model (CSM) for CMOS logic cells is presented, which can be used for accurate noise and delay analysis in CMOS VLSI circuits. CS modeling is broadly considered as the method of choice for modern static timing and noise analysis tools. Unfortunately, the existing CSMs are only applicable to combinational logic cells. In addition to multistage logic nature of the sequential cells, the main difficulty in developing a CSM for these cells is the presence of feedback loops. This paper begins by presenting a highly accurate CSM for combinational logic cells, followed by models for common sequential cells, including latches and master slave flip-flops. The proposed model addresses these problems by characterizing the cell with suitable nonlinear CSs and capacitive components. Given the input and clock voltage waveforms of arbitrary shapes, our new model can accurately compute the output voltage waveform of the sequential cell. Experimental results demonstrate close-to-SPICE waveforms with three orders of magnitude speedup.
A propos of glycosyl cations and the mechanism of chemical glycosylation (2010)

A critical overview of the current state of the art regarding the mechanism of chemical glycosylation reactions is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the glycosyl oxocarbenium ions and the evidence for and against their existence and their intermediacy in glycosylation reactions. The various factors influencing the mechanism of a glycosylation reaction are commented.
Oxygen vacancy induced electronic structure modification of KTaO3 (2021)

The observation of a metallic interface between band insulators $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has led to massive efforts to understand the origin of the phenomenon as well as to search for other systems hosting such two-dimensional electron gases (2-DEGs). However, the understanding of the origin of the 2-DEG is very often hindered as several possible mechanisms such as polar catastrophe, cationic intermixing, and oxygen vacancy (OV) can be operative simultaneously. The presence of a heavy element makes the $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (KTO) based 2-DEG a potential platform to investigate spin-orbit coupling driven novel electronic and magnetic phenomena. In this work, we investigate the sole effect of OV in KTO, which makes KTO metallic. O $K$-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements find that OV dopes electrons in Ta ${t}_{2g}^{*}$ antibonding states. Photoluminescence measurements reveal the existence of a highly localized deep midgap state in oxygen-deficient KTO. Our detailed ab initio calculations demonstrate that such deep midgap state arises due to the linear clustering of OVs around Ta. Our present work emphasizes that we must pay attention to the possible presence of OVs in interpreting emergent behavior of KTO-based heterostructures.
OFDM for Next Generation Optical Access Networks (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. Cvijetic, "OFDM for Next Generation Optical Access Networks," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper OMG3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Pott Puffy Tumor Is Not a Puffy Tumor: The Failure of Eponyms in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (2023)

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI Address correspondence and reprint requests to Samuel O. Poore MD, PhD, Division of Plastic Surgery, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC G5/347, Madison 53792, WI; E-mail: [email protected] Twitter: @drsamuelpooreInstagram: @docpoore The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Energy recovery from lipid extracted, transesterified and glycerol codigested microalgae biomass (2009)

Abstract The production of methane (CH 4 ) via the anaerobic digestion of microalgae biomass residues from the biodiesel production process has the potential to meet some of the energy requirements of the primary biomass to fuel conversion process. This paper investigates the practical CH 4 yields achievable from the anaerobic conversion of the microalgae residues (as well as codigestion with glycerol) after biodiesel production using both the conventional and in situ transesterification methods. Results demonstrate that the type of lipid extraction solvent utilized in the conventional transesterification process could inhibit subsequent CH 4 production. On the basis of actual CH 4 production, a recoverable energy of 8.7–10.5 MJ kg −1 of dry microalgae biomass residue was obtained using the lipid extracted and transesterified microalgae samples. On codigesting the microalgae residues with glycerol, a 4–7% increase in CH 4 production was observed.
Metaphit‐Induced Audiogenic Seizures in Mice: I. Pharmacologic Characterization (1993)

Metaphit [an analogue of phencyclidine (PCP) with an acylating isothiocyanate group] induced audiogenic clonic to clonic-tonic seizures in mice exposed to audio stimulation 24 h after metaphit administration. The incidence of seizures was reduced by treatment 30 min before audio stimulation with specific PCP-like compounds [5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801), and PCP itself], competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5 and NPC-12626), antiepileptic drugs [phenobarbital (PB), phenytoin (PHT)], and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists (muscimol and diazepam). In contrast, when given in conjunction with metaphit, most of these drugs were ineffective in protecting animals from audiogenic seizures 24 h later. Only compounds with long half-lives (t1/2) such as MK-801, PB, and PHT had a protective effect. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of [3H]MK-801 showed its long-term presence in the brain after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of [3H]MK-801. Audiogenic seizures observed 24 h after metaphit administration were potentiated by administration of the GABA antagonist picrotoxin 15 min before audio stimulation, and picrotoxin-induced spontaneous seizures were enhanced by pretreatment (24 h earlier) with a dose of metaphit that in itself did not produce spontaneous seizures at the time of the picrotoxin test. Similar observations were made with N-methyl D-aspartic acid (NMDA) instead of picrotoxin. Thus, an interplay exists between excitatory glutaminergic and inhibitory GABAergic circuitries in the metaphit seizure model.
Vertebroplasty: cement leakage into the disc increases the risk of new fracture of adjacent vertebral body. (2004)

Leakage of cement into the disk during vertebroplasty increases the risk of a new fracture of adjacent vertebral bodies.
Antitumor and Antioxidant Activity of Tocotrienols (1992)

Antitumor activities of tocotrienols were tested on transplantable murine tumors. Intratumor injection of α- and γ-tocotrienols showed growth inhibition on sarcoma 180 inoculated subcutaneously into ICR mice. These agents also inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells inoculated into footpads of BDF1 mice. In in vitro studies, α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols were found to possess direct cytotoxicity on various mammalian cells, and the IC50 values were 4–135 μg/ml when the cells were exposed to these agents for 72 hours. Tocotrienols suppressed the uptake of thymidine and uridine into the macromolecules of P388 leukemic cells. Malondialdehyde generation induced by K2Cr2O7 in the, liver was suppressed when treated with γ-tocotrienol, but this suppression was lower than that of α-tocopherol.
The TOON platform: an integrated system for automating the 2D cartoon production (2005)

This work has been carried out within the framework of the so-called TOON project, supported by the French National Agency for Valorization of Research and financed by the Quadraxis company The TOON platform proposes a unified platform for automating the 2D cartoon production chain involving 2D/3D reconstruction, registration and animation capabilities.
A fluorescent wearable platform for sweat Cl− analysis and logic smart-device fabrication based on color adjustable lanthanide MOFs (2018)

By integrating a flexible host material (cotton piece) and two fluorescent materials (DUT-101 and Ag<sup>+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup>@UiO-67), a wearable sweat Cl<sup>−</sup> monitoring platform has been prepared, and by designing Cl<sup>−</sup> and fluorescence signal to logic circuit, a codec device was constructed that can be set as a mimetic “indicator light”.
Towards Deep Neural Network Training on Encrypted Data (2019)

While deep learning is a valuable tool for solving many tough problems in computer vision, the success of deep learning models is typically determined by: (i) availability of sufficient training data, (ii) access to extensive computational resources, and (iii) expertise in selecting the right model and hyperparameters for the selected task. Often, the availability of data is the hard part due to compliance, legal, and privacy constraints. Cryptographic techniques such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) offer a potential solution by enabling processing on encrypted data. While prior work has been done on using FHE for inferencing, training a deep neural network in the encrypted domain is an extremely challenging task due to the computational complexity of the operations involved. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of training neural networks on encrypted data in a completely non-interactive way. Our proposed system uses the open-source FHE toolkit HElib to implement a Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)-based training of a neural network. We show that encrypted training can be made more computationally efficient by (i) simplifying the network with minimal degradation of accuracy, (ii) choosing appropriate data representation and resolution, and (iii) packing the data elements within the ciphertext in a smart way so as to minimize the number of operations and facilitate parallelization of FHE computations. Based on the above optimizations, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve more than 50x speed up while training a fully-connected neural network on the MNIST dataset while achieving reasonable accuracy (96%). Though the cost of training a complex deep learning model from scratch on encrypted data is still very high, this work establishes a solid baseline and paves the way for relatively simpler tasks such as fine-tuning of deep learning models based on encrypted data to be implemented in the near future.
Expression of a Chimeric Antigen Receptor in Multiple Leukocyte Lineages in Transgenic Mice (2015)

Genetically modified CD8+ T lymphocytes have shown significant anti-tumor effects in the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer, with recent studies highlighting a potential role for a combination of other immune subsets to enhance these results. However, limitations in present genetic modification techniques impose difficulties in our ability to fully explore the potential of various T cell subsets and assess the potential of other leukocytes armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). To address this issue, we generated a transgenic mouse model using a pan-hematopoietic promoter (vav) to drive the expression of a CAR specific for a tumor antigen. Here we present a characterization of the immune cell compartment in two unique vav-CAR transgenic mice models, Founder 9 (F9) and Founder 38 (F38). We demonstrate the vav promoter is indeed capable of driving the expression of a CAR in cells from both myeloid and lymphoid lineage, however the highest level of expression was observed in T lymphocytes from F38 mice. Lymphoid organs in vav-CAR mice were smaller and had reduced cell numbers compared to the wild type (WT) controls. Furthermore, the immune composition of F9 mice differed greatly with a significant reduction in lymphocytes found in the thymus, lymph node and spleen of these mice. To gain insight into the altered immune phenotype of F9 mice, we determined the chromosomal integration site of the transgene in both mouse strains using whole genome sequencing (WGS). We demonstrated that compared to the 7 copies found in F38 mice, F9 mice harbored almost 270 copies. These novel vav-CAR models provide a ready source of CAR expressing myeloid and lymphoid cells and will aid in facilitating future experiments to delineate the role for other leukocytes for adoptive immunotherapy against cancer.
Micro-motion false target generation in deception jammer against Pulse Doppler radar (2017)

Due to ignoring the micro-motion characteristics in deception jammer against Pulse Doppler (PD) radar, the generated false targets are much easier recognized from the real targets. In order to improve the fidelity of false targets' motion characteristics, a deception jamming approach is presented to generate false targets with both translation and micro-motion information. Based on the false target motion model and the radar signals captured by the jammer, the phase modulation is applied to add the micro-motion characteristics on the conventional range-velocity false target, which could deceive PD radar with the capability of micro-motion measurement more efficiently. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Broadside excitation of surface plasmon waveguides on Cytop (2009)

Long-range surface plasmon waveguides consisting of a Au stripe on Cytop, covered with an index-matched aqueous solution, are described and characterized. The waveguides are tested using a broadside coupling technique, whereby tapered single-mode fibers are positioned in direct contact with the stripe such that the slow mode of the fiber couples through partial modal overlap to the long-range surface plasmon. Attenuation measurements obtained at λ0=1310 nm agree well with theory, thus validating the waveguide fabrication and experimental techniques. The waveguides are useful for (bio)chemical sensing and the broadside coupling technique is useful for on-wafer optical probing.
Market Integration and Contagion (2003)

Contagion is usually defined as correlation between markets in excess of what would be implied by economic fundamentals; however, there is considerable disagreement regarding the definitions of the fundamentals, how the fundamentals might differ across countries, and the mechanisms that link the fundamentals to asset returns. Our research takes, as a starting point, a twofactor model with time-varying betas that accommodates various degrees of market integration between different markets. We apply this model to stock returns in three different regions: Europe, South-East Asia, and Latin America. In addition to providing new insights on contagion during crisis periods, we document patterns through time in world and regional market integration and measure the proportion of volatility driven by global, regional, and local factors.
Overlay measurement tool up to 70-nm design rule (2004)

With the refined lithography techniques that exist today, it is critical for overlay measurement tools to perform with great measurement precision. Tool induced shift, TIS, is one of the key factors taken into consideration when evaluating the performance of an overlay measurement tool. TIS can be observed as a numerical value, and the measurement value is corrected by the TIS value. However, in an overlay measurement tool with TIS, the measured values could be shifted due to an interaction between TIS and a film stack structure of wafer. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the TIS values. We extend our study on the lens surface aspheric error, which is known to be one of the root causes of TIS. As this point of view, we constructed our overlay measurement tool, NRM-3100, and were able to decrease TIS values.
Efficiently learning the accuracy of labeling sources for selective sampling (2009)

Many scalable data mining tasks rely on active learning to provide the most useful accurately labeled instances. However, what if there are multiple labeling sources ('oracles' or 'experts') with different but unknown reliabilities? With the recent advent of inexpensive and scalable online annotation tools, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk, the labeling process has become more vulnerable to noise - and without prior knowledge of the accuracy of each individual labeler. This paper addresses exactly such a challenge: how to jointly learn the accuracy of labeling sources and obtain the most informative labels for the active learning task at hand minimizing total labeling effort. More specifically, we present IEThresh (Interval Estimate Threshold) as a strategy to intelligently select the expert(s) with the highest estimated labeling accuracy. IEThresh estimates a confidence interval for the reliability of each expert and filters out the one(s) whose estimated upper-bound confidence interval is below a threshold - which jointly optimizes expected accuracy (mean) and need to better estimate the expert's accuracy (variance). Our framework is flexible enough to work with a wide range of different noise levels and outperforms baselines such as asking all available experts and random expert selection. In particular, IEThresh achieves a given level of accuracy with less than half the queries issued by all-experts labeling and less than a third the queries required by random expert selection on datasets such as the UCI mushroom one. The results show that our method naturally balances exploration and exploitation as it gains knowledge of which experts to rely upon, and selects them with increasing frequency.