gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Biomarkers of Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri Through Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (2014)

Emerging methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) can be used in the rapid identification of microorganisms. Thus far, these practical and rapidly evolving methods have mainly been applied to characterize prokaryotes. We applied matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS in the analysis of whole cells of 18 N. fowleri isolates belonging to three genotypes. Fourteen originated from the cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis patients and four originated from water samples of hot springs, rivers, lakes or municipal water supplies. Whole Naegleria trophozoites grown in axenic cultures were washed and mixed with MALDI matrix. Mass spectra were acquired with a 4700 TOF-TOF instrument. MALDI-TOF MS yielded consistent patterns for all isolates examined. Using a combination of novel data processing methods for visual peak comparison, statistical analysis and proteomics database searching we were able to detect several biomarkers that can differentiate all species and isolates studied, along with common biomarkers for all N. fowleri isolates. Naegleria fowleri could be easily separated from other species within the genus Naegleria. A number of peaks detected were tentatively identified. MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting is a rapid, reproducible, high-throughput alternative method for identifying Naegleria isolates. This method has potential for studying eukaryotic agents.
[An appropriate distal resection margin for lower rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy]. (2013)

In recent years, with the increase in the adoption of anus-preserving surgery, understanding of residual lower rectal cancer distribution to the anal side after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become an increasingly important issue. We aimed to clarify the pathological safe distal resection margin for lower rectal cancer after preoperative CRT. This study included 36 patients with lower third rectal cancer, who underwent preoperative CRT. We classified the gross tumor appearance as type 0-II like, Borrmann type 2, and Borrmann type 5. Whole-mount sections were used for pathological examination. We examined all slides and measured the extent of residual cancer spread. In many cases, residual cancer was observed in the deeper layers of the lesion, and in none of the cases was the cancer limited to the superficial layer. With regard to lateral distribution, tumors with a type 0-II like appearance showed a wider extent of lateral cancer spread from the optimal margin. In conclusion, although CRT contributes to tumor reduction, attention should be paid to both circumferential and lateral residual cancer spread. Our results suggest that the lateral distribution of residual cancer spread could be predicted by gross tumor appearance. This is an ongoing study.
Automatic navigation path generation based on two-phase adaptive region-growing algorithm for virtual angioscopy (2005)

In this paper, we propose a fast and automated navigation path generation algorithm to visualize inside of carotid artery using MR angiography images. The carotid artery is one of the body regions not accessible by real optical probe but can be visualized with virtual endoscopy. By applying two-phase adaptive region-growing algorithm, the carotid artery segmentation is started at the initial seed, which is located on the initially thresholded binary image. This segmentation algorithm automatically detects the branch position with stack feature. Combining with a priori knowledge of anatomic structure of carotid artery, the detected branch position is used to separate the carotid artery into internal carotid artery and external carotid artery. A fly-through path is determined to automatically move the virtual camera based on the intersecting coordinates of two bisectors on the circumscribed quadrangle of segmented carotid artery. In consideration of the interactive rendering speed and the usability of standard graphic hardware, endoscopic view of carotid artery is generated by using surface rendering algorithm with perspective projection method. In addition, the endoscopic view is provided with ray casting algorithm for off-line navigation of carotid artery. Experiments have been conducted on both mathematical phantom and clinical data sets. This algorithm is more effective than key-framing and topological thinning method in terms of automated features and computing time. This algorithm is also applicable to generate the centerline of renal artery, coronary artery, and airway tree which has tree-like cylinder shape of organ structures in the medical imagery.
Forest Bathing Enhances Human Natural Killer Activity and Expression of Anti-Cancer Proteins (2007)

In order to explore the effect of forest bathing on human immune function, we investigated natural killer (NK) activity; the number of NK cells, and perforin, granzymes and granulysin-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) during a visit to forest fields. Twelve healthy male subjects, age 37-55 years, were selected with informed consent from three large companies in Tokyo, Japan. The subjects experienced a three-day/two-night trip in three different forest fields. On the first day, subjects walked for two hours in the afternoon in a forest field; and on the second day, they walked for two hours in the morning and afternoon, respectively, in two different forest fields. Blood was sampled on the second and third days, and NK activity; proportions of NK, T cells, granulysin, perforin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in PBL were measured. Similar measurements were made before the trip on a normal working day as the control. Almost all of the subjects (11/12) showed higher NK activity after the trip (about 50 percent increased) compared with before. There are significant differences both before and after the trip and between days 1 and 2 in NK activity. The forest bathing trip also significantly increased the numbers of NK, perforin, granulysin, and granzymes A/B-expressing cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that a forest bathing trip can increase NK activity, and that this effect at least partially mediated by increasing the number of NK cells and by the induction of intracellular anti-cancer proteins.
The application of Hybrid Neural Network Algorithms in Intrusion Detection System (2011)

Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the improved GA and LM algorithm, in this paper, the Hybrid Neural Network Algorithm (HNNA) is presented. Firstly, the algorithms use the advantage of the improved GA with strong whole searching capacity to search global optimal point in the whole question domain. Then, it adopts the strongpoint of the LM algorithm with fast local searching to fine search near the global optimal point. The paper used respectively the three algorithms, namely the Improved GA, LM algorithm and HNNA, to adjust the input and output parameters of the ANN model, and adopt the theories of the fusion of the multi-classifiers to structure the Intrusion Detection System. By repeatedly experiment, it is found that the HNNA is better in stability and convergence precision than LM algorithm and improved GA from the training result. The testing results are also proved that the detection rate of the multiple classifiers intrusion detection system based on HNNA learning algorithm, including all attack categories that has a few or many training samples, is higher than the IDS that use LM and improved GA learning algorithm, and the false negative rate is less. So, the HNNA is proved to be feasible in theory and practice.
Dynamic Non-Bayesian Decision Making (1997)

The model of a non-Bayesian agent who faces a repeated game with incomplete information against Nature is an appropriate tool for modeling general agent-environment interactions. In such a model the environment state (controlled by Nature) may change arbitrarily, and the feedback/reward function is initially unknown. The agent is not Bayesian, that is he does not form a prior probability neither on the state selection strategy of Nature, nor on his reward function. A policy for the agent is a function which assigns an action to every history of observations and actions. Two basic feedback structures are considered. In one of them -- the perfect monitoring case -- the agent is able to observe the previous environment state as part of his feedback, while in the other -- the imperfect monitoring case -- all that is available to the agent is the reward obtained. Both of these settings refer to partially observable processes, where the current environment state is unknown. Our main result refers to the competitive ratio criterion in the perfect monitoring case. We prove the existence of an efficient stochastic policy that ensures that the competitive ratio is obtained at almost all stages with an arbitrarily high probability, where efficiency is measured in terms of rate of convergence. It is further shown that such an optimal policy does not exist in the imperfect monitoring case. Moreover, it is proved that in the perfect monitoring case there does not exist a deterministic policy that satisfies our long run optimality criterion. In addition, we discuss the maxmin criterion and prove that a deterministic efficient optimal strategy does exist in the imperfect monitoring case under this criterion. Finally we show that our approach to long-run optimality can be viewed as qualitative, which distinguishes it from previous work in this area.
Perancangan Buku Ilustrasi Mengenai Penyakit Umum Anjing dan Kucing Serta Perawatannya (2016)

Banyak pemilik anjing dan kucing yang mengganggap hewan peliharaannya sebagai anggota keluarga. Namun, sebagian dari mereka masih kurang paham mengenai cara menjaga kesehatan hewan peliharaannya. Padahal saat kesehatan hewan sedang turun, keraguan dan kesalahan dapat menjadi berbahaya bagi anjing maupun kucing. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan buku ilustrasi yang menarik untuk dibaca dan informatif. Dengan memaksimalkan potensi dan kegunaan ilustrasi, informasi yang sulit dan jumlahnya besar dapat lebih mudah dimengerti oleh pemilik hewan.
A hardware in the loop design methodology for FPGA system and its application to complex functions (2012)

In this work, a unified algorithm-architecture-circuit co-design environment for complex FPGA system development is presented. The main objective is to find an efficient methodology for designing a configurable optimized FPGA system by using as few efforts as possible in verification stage, so as to speed up the development period. A proposed high performance FFT/iFFT processor for Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Ultra Wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) system design process is given as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. This efficient design methodology is tested and considered to be suitable for almost all types of complex FPGA system designs and verifications.
Implementations of Quantum Computing Using Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Schemes (2000)

We present a short review of the proposed implementations of quantum computing using cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) schemes. Theoretical proposals are confronted with the present state of the art.
Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the reflotron assay with no manual precipitation step (1991)

We evaluated the quantification of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in plasma with the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron reflectance photometric analyzer. The Reflotron is designed for testing in small to medium-size laboratories and physicians' offices. This HDL method does not require a manual precipitation step because the reagent tab contains dextran sulfate (Mr 50,000) and magnesium acetate. It takes 90 s to complete an analysis of 30 microL of plasma. Within-day standard deviations (SDs) were 0.02-0.04 mmol/L (6-16 mg/L). Total SDs over a three-month period were 0.03-0.06 mmol/L (11-23 mg/L). The Reflotron values averaged 0.02 mmol/L (6 mg/L) or 1.3% lower than the Hitachi 737 values; the standard error of the estimate (Sy.x) was 0.07 mmol/L (29 mg/L).
Metal Substrates Influence the Release of Glycosaminoglycan and Transforming Growth Factor β by Human Bone Cells (1996)

Bone cells derived from human jaw were isolated from explants and grown in vitro. Subcultures were cultured on plastic (control) and metal substrates for 24 and 48 hours in medium containing 3H-glucosamine and labeled glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation was measured. In bone cells cultured on metal substrates there was an evident reduction in the synthesis and secretion of radiolabeled macromolecules compared to bone cells cultured on plastic. Moreover, the accumulation of single GAG classes was specific for each substrate tested. The results showed that titanium was the only metal substrate studied in which the percentage of individual GAG classes remained the same as control cultures. GAG reduction was due to a decreased synthesis and not to an increased degradation as shown by the decrement of exoglycosidase activity. The metals also reduced the activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), measured using interleukin-1 assay method, a factor involved in the various phases of bone remodeling; in this case, too, cells grown on titanium showed the highest TGF beta activity compared to the other metal substrates studied. The results indicate that the substrate to which the cells adhere do exhibit specific differences in GAG composition and TGF beta activity. The differences observed may be important during in vivo events such as guided tissue regeneration and bone deposition.
Age‐dependent decline in the cytochrome c oxidase activity in rat heart mitochondria: role of cardiolipin (1997)

Cardiolipin is a major mitochondrial membrane lipid and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial function. We have recently suggested a possible involvement of this phospholipid in the age-linked decline of cytochrome c oxidase activity in rat heart mitochondria [G. Paradies et al. (1993) Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 16, 263-272]. The aim of this work was to test our earlier proposal. We have investigated whether addition of exogenous cardiolipin to mitochondria is able to reverse, in situ, the age-linked decrease in the cytochrome oxidase activity. The method of fusion of liposomes with mitochondria developed by Hackenbrock [Hackenbrock and Chazotte (1986) Methods Enzymol. 125, 35-45] was employed in order to enrich the mitochondria cardiolipin content. We demonstrate that the lower cytochrome c oxidase activity in heart mitochondria from aged rats can be fully restored to the level of young control rats by exogenously added cardiolipin. No restoration was obtained with other phospholipids or with peroxidized cardiolipin. Our data support a key role for cardiolipin in the age-linked decline of rat heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity.
생체 신호처리에 의한 인간 감성 파라미터 추출 -피검자 영상제시물 직접 선정기법에 의하여 (2001)

시각제시에 의한 감성반응 생체신호 추출 실험시 시각 제시물 선정에 주관적 방식을 사용하였다. 시각제시 영상물로는 감성반응도가 가장 큰 인물얼굴 영상자료를 선정하였다. 피검자군 스스로 자신이 극도로 선호하고 혐오하는 양극단의 얼굴영상물을 선호도 특성조사를 통해 선택케 하였다. 외부와의 영상잡음이 차폐된 모니터 제시 장치를 구성하여 선호와 혐오의 양극단 영상물을 교차 제시하며 설문조사와 뇌파를 측정하였다. 피검자로는 남녀 대학생 20명을 선발 하였으며 영상매체 선정을 비롯한 뇌파측정에 과정에 참여시켰다. 뇌파신호 분석 방법으로는 대역별 적분값, 반응구간 변화 미분값을 파라미터로 사용하였다. 분석결과, 교차제시에 따른 반응민감도가 향상되었으며 동일 시각 반복제시에 따라 민감도가 둔화됨을 밝혔다.
Non-thermal dielectric-barrier discharge plasma damages human keratinocytes by inducing oxidative stress (2015)

The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms through which dielectric-barrier discharge plasma damages human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) through the induction of oxidative stress. For this purpose, the cells were exposed to surface dielectric-barrier discharge plasma in 70% oxygen and 30% argon. We noted that cell viability was decreased following exposure of the cells to plasma in a time-dependent manner, as shown by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium was used to monitor superoxide anion production. Plasma induced the generation of ROS, including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. N-acetyl cysteine, which is an antioxidant, prevented the decrease in cell viability caused by exposure to plasma. ROS generated by exposure to plasma resulted in damage to various cellular components, including lipid membrane peroxidation, DNA breaks and protein carbonylation, which was detected by measuring the levels of 8-isoprostane and diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine assay, comet assay and protein carbonyl formation. These results suggest that plasma exerts cytotoxic effects by causing oxidative stress-induced damage to cellular components.
THE EMERGENCE AND SPREAD OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN SCANDINAVIA (2010)

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a high-impact pathogen with approximately 12,000 diagnoses annually in Eurasia. The virus causes a variety of clinical manifestations, with neurological symptoms in up to 30% of the patients. Lethality in Europe is <2% but post-encephalitis syndrome is seen in over 40% of the infected patients and results in substantial impairment in quality of life. Over the last decade a drastic increase in TBEV incidence has been reported throughout Western Europe
Biological Control of a severe viral strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus(CMV) using a mild strain of CMVassociated with viral satRNA combined with a mixture of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) (2017)

The effect of using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as compensatory agents to nullify the detrimental growth effects that occur when using satRNA mediated protective technology were studied in greenhouse grown chilli pepper. A benign cucumber mosaic virus strain (CMV) associated with satRNA, CMV-KU1, was successfully used as a biological control agent to combat infections caused by another severe strain of CMV , CMV-16. However, despite its protective capability, CMV-KU1 caused certain vegetative and yield loss to the plants to which it was applied. A mixture of two known PGPR strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas rhizophilia were used in this investigative study to see if this loss can be reversed or compansated. Additionally, three different routes of PGPR application to the plants were also tested to determine which would provide the best result in promoting plant growth and reducing infections. The three PGPR application pathways tested were i) application directly to the rhizosphere of the plants by injection to the roots, ii) coating of the seeds with PGPRs before sowing, and iii) mixing of the PGPRs with the soil before sowing. Observations were made based on the manifested symptoms of the infected plants, fruit yield and ELISA readings. The resulting data were statistically analysed. The results indicated that the presence of PGPRs significantly improved the plant growth, yield, fruit number and fruit set rate in chilli pepper compared to using satRNA alone. Moreover, the best results were obtained when PGPRs were directly inoculated into the rhizosphere compared to the two other alternative application methods tested.
The reduction of emitter-collector shorts in a high speed, all implanted, bipolar technology (1979)

One of the main yield limiting mechanisms in the fabrication of shallow junction bipolar integrated circuits is emitter to collector leakage. This paper describes the progress made in reducing the E-C leakage defect density in an all implanted integrated circuit technology, which features emitters ∼0.5 µm deep and bases ∼0.3 µm wide. The median emitter to collector short density was reduced from ∼2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> to ∼200/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of active emitter area in the course of this study.
Explosive Crystallization in Amorphous Silicon Induced by Picosecond High-Power Laser Pulses (1985)

Ring-shaped crystallization was observed in ion-implanted amorphous silicon by using picosecond extremely high-power laser pulses. A poly-crystalline region is formed circularly around the laser-induced damage region even at an oblique incidence. Additionally, ripple structures are formed concentrically, and the ripple spacing decreases with increasing distance from the spot center. The results are well understood with a picture that crystallization is caused explosively by laser-driven shock.
A divergent synthesis of minor groove binders with tail group variation (2008)

A new synthesis of polyamide minor groove binders in which diversity is introduced by the nucleophilic substitution of a 2-sulfido-1,3,2-diazaphospholidinyloxy substituent by volatile secondary amine nucleophiles is described. Such a method has potential value for economically investigating structure-activity relationships in this important class of compounds through library synthesis. As an example using this method are prepared two new minor groove binders with pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl tail groups that are close relatives of highly active antibacterial minor groove binders with morpholinyl tail groups. The antibacterial activity found against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium spp. indicates that the pK(a) of this set of compounds is not the dominant factor in determining the antibacterial activity.
Techniques for extracting instruction level parallelism on MIMD architectures (1993)

Extensive research has been done on extracting parallelism from single instruction stream processors. The authors present some results of an investigation into ways to modify MIMD architectures to allow them to extract the instruction level parallelism achieved by current superscalar and VLIW machines. A new architecture is proposed which utilizes the advantages of a multiple instruction stream design while addressing some of the limitations that have prevented MIMD architectures from performing ILP operation. A new code scheduling mechanism is described to support this new architecture by partitioning instructions across multiple processing elements in order to exploit this level of parallelism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Probability Density Function Method for Langevin Equations with Colored Noise (2013)

Understanding the mesoscopic behavior of dynamical systems described by Langevin equations with colored noise is a fundamental challenge in a variety of fields. We propose a new approach to derive closed-form equations for joint and marginal probability density functions of state variables. This approach is based on a so-called large-eddy-diffusivity closure and can be used to model a wide class of non-Markovian processes described by the noise with an arbitrary correlation function. We demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed probability density function method for several linear and nonlinear Langevin equations.