gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of the Transcriptome of Two Commonly Used Human Monocytic Cell Lines—THP-1 and Mono Mac 6—Reveals Their Arrest during Early Monocyte/Neutrophil Differentiation (2022)

Cell lines of monocyte/macrophage origin are often used as model systems to study monocyte/macrophage biology. A relevant question is how similar these cell lines are to their in vivo counterparts? To address this issue, we performed a detailed analysis of the transcriptome of two commonly used human monocyte/macrophage cell lines, Mono Mac 6 and THP-1. Both of these cell lines originate from leukemic cells with myelo-monocytic characteristics. We found that both Mono Mac 6 and THP-1 represent cells of very immature origin. Their transcriptomes show more similarities to immature neutrophils than cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. They express significant levels of N-elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G, and azurocidin but very low levels of CD14, ficolin, and complement factor P. All major MHC class II genes are also expressed at low levels. They show high levels of lysozyme and low levels of one of the immunoglobulin Fc receptors, FCGRIIA, which is characteristic of both neutrophils and monocytes. THP-1, but not Mono Mac 6, also expresses the high-affinity receptor for IgG, FCGRIA. Both cell lines lack the expression of the connective tissue components fibronectin, proteoglycan 4, and syndecan 3, which are characteristics of tissue macrophages but are absent in blood monocytes, indicating that they originate from bone marrow precursors and not yolk sac-derived hematopoietic cells. Both of these cell lines seem, therefore, to represent cells arrested during early myelo-monocytic development, at a branch point between neutrophil and monocyte differentiation. Their very immature phenotype indicates that great care should be taken when using these cell lines as models for normal monocyte/macrophage biology.
9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N6-cyclopropyl-2,6-diaminopurine: a novel prodrug of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine with improved antitumor efficacy and selectivity in choriocarcinoma-bearing rats. (1999)

The novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N6-cyclopropyl-2,6-diaminopurine (cPr-PMEDAP) was shown in vitro to act as an intracellular prodrug of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine (PMEG). We compared the in vivo antitumor efficacy and selectivity of cPr-PMEDAP, its progenitor PMEDAP, and PMEG in a rat choriocarcinoma tumor model. The rats, inoculated with rat choriocarcinoma (RCHO) cells under the renal capsule, were treated IP during 10 days. Macroscopical and histological examination of the RCHO-inoculated kidneys was performed at two time points (i.e., immediately after the end of treatment or after an additional drug-free period of 2 weeks). Complete inhibition of choriocarcinoma tumor development was achieved upon treatment with cPr-PMEDAP, PMEG, and PMEDAP at a daily dose of 10, 1, and 50 mg/kg, respectively. At these doses, all three compounds produced moderate to strong toxicity (evidenced by atrophy of lymphoid organs and reduced body weight gain). When compared at the maximum tolerated (sublethal) doses (i.e., 0.5, 10, and 50 mg/kg for PMEG, cPr-PMEDAP, and PMEDAP, respectively), cPr-PMEDAP proved superior to PMEG and PMEDAP in achieving a complete inhibition of tumor development. Also, whereas PMEG was unable to produce a prolonged antitumor effect, the animals treated with cPr-PMEDAP still showed prominent inhibition of tumor development when tumor size was evaluated at 2 weeks after end of treatment. Based on its efficacy and therapeutic safety, cPr-PMEDAP can be regarded as a promising antitumor agent, which merits further in vivo evaluation in additional tumor models for human neoplasms.
The Potential of False Twist to Assist in Handling Low Strength Cotton Slivers (1995)

In a preliminary investigation aimed at improving the processing of lightweight slivers (&lt;3 ktex), the effect of low levels of twist on sliver strength is quantified. This is followed by trials to determine whether a passive false-twist unit (spiral) can be used to impart temporary strength to assist the transfer of sliver from a supply can to the next processing machine. The generated level of false twist is studied, and the spiral is subsequently used on a roving frame to process different sliver weights at various drafts. The experiments show that false-twist can offer a potential technique for dealing with low strength and lightweight cotton slivers. From the results, it appears that such a device has little effect on drafting regularity.
Efficient and Scalable Method for the Selective Alkylation and Acylation of Secondary Amines in the Presence of Primary Amines (2004)

Selective substitution of secondary amines in the presence of primary amines is performed by using the reaction solvent, methyl isobutylketone (MIBK), as a temporary protecting group for the primary amine. After acylation or alkylation of the secondary amine, the resulting imine intermediate is smoothly hydrolysed, leading to the free primary amine in high yield and purity. This procedure represents a cheap and scalable alternative to multistep methods requiring several protections and deprotections.
Pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of nitric oxide‐releasing non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory and related nitric oxide‐donating drugs (2002)

This review examines the biological significance, therapeutic potential and mechanism(s) of action of a range of nitric oxide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAID) and related nitric oxide-releasing donating drugs (NODD). The slow release of nitric oxide (NO) from these compounds leads to subtle changes in the profile of pharmacological activity of the parent, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). For example, compared with NSAID, NO-NSAID cause markedly diminished gastrointestinal toxicity and improved anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive efficacy. In addition, nitroparacetamol exhibits hepatoprotection as opposed to the hepatotoxic activity of paracetamol. The possibility that NO-NSAID or NODD may be of therapeutic benefit in a wide variety of disease states including pain and inflammation, thrombosis and restenosis, neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, colitis, cancer, urinary incontinence, liver disease, impotence, bronchial asthma and osteoporosis is discussed.
Controlling expressive avatar gesture (2002)

An avatar represents a person and functions as that person's virtual body within a virtual space. Just as a person can use gesture and other bodily movements to communicate nonverbally in the real world, so too can a person use their avatar to communicate nonverbally in the virtual world. The most natural way to control avatar gesture would be to have the avatar mimic the movements and expressions of the user's real body. However, non-inmersive applications that run on desktop (or even palmtop) computers will require a spatially compact as well as natural and expressive means to control avatar gesture. Expressiveness requires not only the ability to invoke a gesture at will, but also the ability to control the continuous qualities of gesture such as its spatial and temporal extent. 
This dissertation describes an interaction technique in which pen gesture controls avatar gesture. The user is supplied with a predefined set of avatar gestures, and each gesture is indexed by a letter of the alphabet. Writing a letter invokes that gesture on the avatar. In addition, style features are extracted from this handwritten letter, and those features are used to modulate expressive characteristics of the avatar's gestural motion. This technique allows avatar gesture to be expressive not only through the variety of gestures, but also through the variations in the gesture's dynamic performance. 
An implementation of this technique is also described. The architecture allows a controllable avatar to be used in multi-user virtual worlds without modification to the software infrastructure of the virtual world itself.
Generation of a recombinant mouse‐human chimaeric monoclonal antibody directed against human carcinoembryonic antigen (1989)

A procedure was devised for the identification and specific cloning of functionally rearranged variable region immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments from genomic DNA of a murine hybridoma cell line which produces a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The cloned, functionally-rearranged murine Ig H-chain and L-chain variable region gene segments were incorporated into plasmid vectors capable of directing the expression of a chimaeric mouse-human antibody molecule with human (gamma 4, kappa) constant region sequences. Expression plasmids were transfected into a mouse myeloma cell line by electroporation and transfectomas secreting functional chimaeric antibody selected. Chimaeric antibody generated by transfectomas was analysed and shown to compete effectively with its murine counterpart for binding to the CEA epitope, and to have an equivalent antigen-binding affinity. This anti-CEA recombinant antibody should find application in in vivo diagnosis by immunoscintigraphy of human colonic carcinoma, and possibly also in therapy of the disease, overcoming some of the difficulties associated with the repeated use of non-human immunoglobulins in human patients.
LiDAR Data Integrity Verification for Autonomous Vehicle Using 3D Data Hiding (2019)

Autonomous vehicle is becoming a complex cyber-physical system with many interfaces to the external world like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular, and vehicle to anything (v2x) networks. These interfaces open new attack surfaces that can put the onboard sensors used in autonomous driving at risk of internal and external cyber-attacks that are capable of manipulating the sensor data. Since the control algorithms that define the autonomous vehicle behavior rely on the data from these onboard sensors like LiDAR, camera and RADAR, failure to secure the sensor data could lead to erroneous decisions and may result in fatal accidents. In this paper, we propose a 3D QIM based data- hiding technique to secure the raw data from LiDAR sensor. The proposed technique detects the tampering of the LiDAR sensor data and also locates the tampered region. The evaluation of the proposed method on KITTI dataset showed that the method can successfully detect and localize insider data tampering attacks such as fake target insertion (FTI) and valid target deletion (VTD).
Stretched polymer surfaces: Atomic force microscopy measurement of the surface deformation and surface elastic properties of stretched polyethylene (2001)

Abstract The surface structure and surface mechanical properties of low‐ and high‐density polyethylene were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as the polymers were stretched. The surfaces of both materials roughened as they were stretched. The roughening effect is attributed to deformation of nodular structures, related to bulk spherulites, at the surface. The surface‐roughening effect is completely reversible at tensile strains in the elastic regime and partially reversible at tensile strains in the plastic regime until the polymers are irreversibly drawn into fibers. AFM force versus distance interaction curves, used to measure changes in the stiffness of the surface and the surface elastic modulus as a function of elongation, show that the surfaces become softer as the polymers are drawn into fibers at high strains. At low elastic strains, however, the surface elastic modulus of HDPE increases—attributed to elastic energy stored by the amorphous regions. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2263–2274, 2001
Immunomodulatory Effects of Combination of Pooled Human Gammaglobulin and Rapamycin on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (2004)

Combined RAPA and IVIG at subtherapeutic concentrations inhibits cell proliferation in the MLR. RAPA neither induces apoptosis nor augments apoptosis induced by IVIG in the MLR. Lower-concentration RAPA (0.2-2 ng/mL) in combination with IVIG (5 mg/mL) versus therapeutic levels (2-50 ng/mL and 10-40 mg/mL, respectively) could represent an effective immunomodulatory drug combination.
Temperature-independent field-induced charge separation at doped organic/organic interfaces: Experimental modeling of electrical properties (2007)

We examine field-induced charge-carrier separation at doped organic/organic heterointerfaces consisting of tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane doped $4,{4}^{\ensuremath{'}},{4}^{\ensuremath{''}}$-tris($N$-1-naphtyl-$N$-phenylamino)-triphenylamine as hole-transporting layer and Li-doped 1,3,5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimidazole)-benzene as electron-transporting layer. Low-temperature $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics, thickness-dependent $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics, and Kelvin probe measurements are used to model the energy-level alignment at the interface. No explicit temperature dependence is observed. Thickness-dependent $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics and Kelvin probe measurements give evidence for a $5\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thin depletion layer adjacent to the interface. Consistent with our experimental results, we propose a model of electrons tunneling through the depletion zone from the highest occupied molecular orbit of the hole-transporting material to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit of the electron-transporting material. This generates an electron-hole pair, which dissociates under the intense electric field close to the interface.
[Effects of 4'ethyl-2-methyl-3-piperidinopropiophenone on experimental rigidity and spinal cord activities (author's transl)]. (1981)

Effects of 4'ethyl-2-methyl-3-piperidonopropiophenone hydrochloride (EMPP) on experimental rigidities in rats and spinal cord activities in cats were studied. EMPP in a dose range of 1.25 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v. reduced EMG spikes of the intercollicular decerebrate rigidity and anemic decerebrate rigidity in rats. In alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats, EMPP in a dose range of 2.5 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v. caused a dose-related inhibition of the flexor reflex without any effect on the patellar reflex. In spinal cats, 2.5 approximately 10 mg/kg of EMPP caused a dose-related inhibition of the flexor reflex but the potency was less than that in anesthetized cats. Oral administration of EMPP 100 approximately 200 mg/kg produced a selective inhibition of the flexor reflex and the effect was twice as potent as tolperisone and chlormezanone. On the other hand, EMPP at 2.5 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v. which had little effect on the patellar reflex inhibited both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex potentials recorded from the ventral root to the same extent and also depressed dorsal root reflex potential recorded from the dorsal root in spinal cats. EMPP reduced the frequency of spontaneous gamma-motoneurone discharges in spinal cats, but had no appreciable effect on GIa discharges from muscle spindle of the triceps surae muscle. These results indicate that EMPP reduces alpha- and gamma-efferent activities and that EMPP exerts a marked inhibitory effect on spinal cord activities acting on the spinal cord and supraspinal structures.
Direct in vivo comparison of calcium-regulated parathyroid hormone secretion in normal volunteers and patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. (1993)

The regulation of PTH secretion by calcium is altered in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. A similar disturbance may occur in secondary hyperparathyroidism, but direct in vivo comparisons of PTH secretion in normal subjects and those with secondary hyperparathyroidism have not been made. Thus, 13 patients with end-stage renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism and 20 healthy volunteers underwent dynamic tests of PTH secretion. Changes in ionized calcium were induced by 2-h iv infusions of calcium gluconate or sodium citrate on consecutive days, and the sigmoidal relationship between serum ionized calcium and PTH levels was examined. During sodium citrate infusions, serum ionized calcium levels decreased by 0.21 +/- 0.04 and 0.20 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, respectively (mean +/- SD), in normal volunteers and dialyzed patients (P = NS). Serum PTH levels rose from 27 +/- 7 to 107 +/- 33 pg/mL in controls and from 480 +/- 238 to 859 +/- 412 pg/mL in dialyzed subjects; thus, maximum PTH levels were 396% of preinfusion values in normal subjects, but only 79% greater than baseline values in dialyzed patients (P < 0.001). During the first 30 min of calcium infusions, the increase in serum ionized calcium did not differ between groups, but PTH levels fell more rapidly in normal volunteers; values were 24% of preinfusion levels in controls, but only 56% of the baseline in dialyzed patients (P < 0.01) after 30 min. Minimum PTH levels were attained after 50 min of calcium infusion in normal volunteers and after 70 min in dialyzed patients. The derived values for set-point were 1.21 +/- 0.04 and 1.24 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, respectively, in control and dialyzed subjects (P = NS). These results do not support the contention that the set-point for calcium-regulated PTH secretion is greater than normal in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to end-stage renal disease.
The communication design of WeChat (2016)

In this paper, the authors discuss how the technical and ideological design of WeChat, a social media platform, enables the free flow of information within the context of heavy Internet policing and surveillance in the People's Republic of China. Through a case study of two instances of grassroots and social activism, the authors highlight how three unique features of WeChat---Moments, Friends' Circle, and Share to---enhance privacy and security issues related to information dissemination. In both cases examined here, the unique design of certain WeChat features enhanced privacy and security in ways that allowed for the free dissemination of information and public involvement through social media. In examining these cases, this study represents one of the first attempts to use a Chinese social media app to examine technology design within a particular political and social context. The authors hope the results of this study will further our understanding of the reciprocal relationship between technology, design, and the social context in which technologies are used.
Exchange Equilibrium through Ion Exchange Membranes. Analytical Applications. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExchange Equilibrium through Ion Exchange Membranes. Analytical Applications.W. J. Blaedel and J. T. HaupertCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 10, 1305–1308Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60242a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60242a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A field study in static extraction of runtime architectures (2008)

We recently developed a static analysis to extract runtime architectures from object-oriented programs written in existing languages. The approach relies on adding ownership domain annotations to the code, and statically extracts a hierarchical runtime architecture from an annotated program.
Selective Expression Of Monocyte Chemotactic And Activating Factor/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 In Human Blood Monocytes By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (1994)

Neutrophils are the predominant leukocyte population in acute inflammation. Granulomatous inflammation such as tuberculosis is a specific type of chronic inflammation characterized by the predominant accumulation of macrophages. To clarify the mechanism of cellular recruitment in inflammation, the expression of chemokines, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), was examined in human blood monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli, which could induce acute inflammation, or purified protein derivative (PPD) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which could provoke chronic inflammation. Monocytes stimulated with PPD or M. tuberculosis expressed low levels of antigenic interleukin-8 but high levels of MCAF/MCP-1 compared with monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Northern blot analysis showed the early induction of interleukin-8 mRNA and the delayed expression of MCAF/MCP-1 mRNA in response to PPD or M. tuberculosis. Thus, the disparate expression of chemokines may contribute to the cellular recruitment in acute and chronic inflammations.
Nano-Si/C Composite Via Carbothermal Shock for Lithium Ion Battery Anode (2020)

Nowadays, Li-ion batteries are ubiquitous and dominate the portable storage market. However, their utilizations for high-energy applications are limited and they present huge social challenges for the future, especially for the applications to electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs and HEVs respectively). One strategy, praised by both academics and industry, the high capacity electrode materials, notably silicon, as it is considered an attractive graphite substitute in Li-ion battery anode. Silicon (Si) is recognized as a representative anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to properties, such as a high theoretical capacity, suitable working voltage, and high natural abundance. However, inherently, a large volume expansion (~ 400%) during lithiation/delithiation introduces poor electrical conductivity and unstable solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) films, the Si-based anodes possess serious stability problems hindering practical applications. To overcome the issue, Si-nanoparticles(Si-NPs) has been proposed as a promising solution to overcome the volume expansion and the flowing fracturing problems of the micron-size particles. Thus, various nanoparticles and nano-objects (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) have been tried for the Li battery anode in the last decade. 1, 2 It has been demonstrated that Si-NPs smaller than 150 nm can be avoided the further fracturing upon the repeating lithiation. We propose a technology for preparations of novel Si-NPs/carbon(Si/C) composites on the basis of thermal shock of the carbon materials such as natural and artificial graphites. We developed a facile, one-step carbothermal shock method for transformations from micro-Si to Si-NPs less than 150 nm size and well dispersed on carbon matrix (Figure 1.). The particle size distribution of the Si-NPs was narrow and the dispersion was uniform. The Si/C composite anode exhibited a high specific capacity (&gt;1,000 mAh/g) and predominant fast charging behavior. Reference [1] R. Chen, T. Zhao, X. Zhang, L. Li and F. Wu, Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries using nanoarchitectonics, Nanoscale Horiz., 2016, 1, 423-444 [2] D. Ma, Z. Cao and A. Hu, Si-Based Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review, Nanomicro Lett., 2014, 6(4), 347-358 Figure 1. SEM images of Si-NPs/carbon (Si/C) composites Figure 1