gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Telehealth challenges during COVID-19 as reported by primary healthcare physicians in Quebec and Massachusetts (2021)

Ensuring that health services provision meets patients' needs at all times calls for flexibility in care delivery modalities, role shifting to adapt to virtual care, sustained relationships with patients, and interprofessional collaboration. To succeed, these efforts require guidelines and training, as well as careful attention to technological barriers and interpersonal relationship needs.
Programmed planar-to-helical shape transformations of composite hydrogels with bioinspired layered fibrous structures (2016)

Self-shaping materials have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in soft robotics, and flexible electronics, etc. In this field, a crucial issue is how to construct complex yet elaborate structures in active materials. Here, we present the fabrication of composite hydrogels with both in-plane and out-of-plane structural gradients by multi-step photolithography and the resulting controllable deformations. A patterned gel with a layered fibrous structure like bean pod is developed, which shows programmed deformations from a flat shape to a twisted helix. The parameters of the helix can be deliberately tuned. This approach enables patterning different responsive polymers in specific regions of composite gels, leading to multiple shape transformations under stimulations. The controllability of intricate structures, together with tunable responses of localized gels, facilitates the generation of complex internal stresses and three-dimensional deformations of composite gels toward specific applications.
Total impurity concentration in high-purity simple substances (2006)

We have developed a method for evaluating the total concentration of elemental impurities in samples of high-purity substances from incomplete experimental data sets. The calculation results extend the notions of the fullness and accuracy of data that are presented in analytical certificates. We have examined impurity concentrations in 42 samples from the Exhibition-Collection of Extrapure Substances. The proposed method makes it possible to estimate the contribution of impurities that have not been determined experimentally.
Emission of volatile organic compounds during combustion process in a miniature turbojet engine (2018)

Aviation is one of the fastest growing modes of transport. Due to the growing number of flights, the consumption of aviation fuels (mainly jet fuels) keeps increasing. The combustion process in the aircraft engine results in harmful exhaust emissions having an adverse impact on the environment. Alternative fuels based on bio-components and biofuels are a way of reducing the harmful exhaust emissions. Analyses and measurements performed on real aircraft engines are complex and expensive. For this reason, increasingly more research and development projects have been carried out on small--scale engines. This paper presents investigations into volatile organic compound emissions from jet fuel combustion in a miniature turbojet engine. Based on chromatography tests, the compositions of exhaust gases produced by the jet engine fed with various fuels were determined, which in turn led to evaluation of its toxicity and harmfulness. Conventional fossil-based fuel Jet A-1 and a blend of Jet A-1 with 25 vol. % of biobutanol were tested at the same fuel flow rates. The engine working parameters such as, e.g., thrust or emission index have been determined with respect to the type of fuel. The test results have been compared and analyzed.
Modification of Behavior of Elastin-like Polypeptides by Changing Molecular Architecture (2012)

First and foremost I would like to sincerely thank my advisor, Dr. Nolan Holland, for all his support, help, and advice during the past few years. He has been a great mentor and a good friend for me and I have been constantly inspired by his knowledge, attitude and intelligence all these years. His intellectual help and feedback were essential in accomplishing my goals and helped me to have a better understanding of the science in a whole new way. No matter where I am going to be in my future career, I will always be thankful to him. For the past two years, I have been closely working with Dr. Kiril Streletzky to characterize the micellar system that we have developed in the lab. His ideas, feedback, and resources were essential in completing this research. Working with him has been a great opportunity and an amazing learning experience and I would like to give him my sincere appreciation. I would like to thank Dr. Xue-Long Sun for letting me use his lab equipment for the past few years. His support enabled me to collect data that was then published as a part of my first paper. Also, a special thanks to my other committee members, Dr. Orhan Talu and Dr. Surendra Tewari for their support, mentoring, and discussions all through these years. When I joined this lab, Dr. Ozge Can was a Doctoral candidate who helped me become established in the lab and James Cole was a new graduate student who has since become a good friend and a good colleague. I thank them both and wish them the best in their current and future careers.
Coronary lesion progression as assessed by fractional flow reserve (FFR) and angiography (2018)

FFR values decrease slowly over a two-year follow-up. FFRbaseline, but not angiographic indices, is a predictor of significant functional atherosclerosis progression, predicting which stenoses will require revascularisation.
Characterization of the beta 2-microglobulin endocytic pathway in rat proximal tubule cells (1994)

The uptake mechanism(s) of low-molecular-weight proteins by proximal tubule cells remains incompletely characterized. We utilized a biochemical and semiquantitative morphological approach to better characterize the endocytic pathway of an anionic protein, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), in the rat proximal tubule. Indirect immunogold techniques revealed beta 2M was taken up via a classic receptor-mediated endocytic pathway. In vitro biochemical and morphological characterization of iodinated beta 2M and gold-conjugated beta 2M (gold-beta 2M) binding to isolated brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) documented specific and quantitatively similar binding interactions of the modified beta 2M with BBMV. Kinetic characterization of the in vivo endocytic pathway of gold-beta 2M was undertaken using microinfusion of individual tubules. beta 2M initially bound at the apical surface, was internalized into subapical coated vesicles and delivered to endosomal-like structures within 5 min, and, finally, was concentrated in lysosomal-like structures within 15 min. This uptake was inhibited by excess unconjugated beta 2M. In addition, we directly showed that uptake did not occur across the basolateral surface. Finally, by passing solubilized BBMV over beta 2M affinity columns we were able to isolate binding activity.
Characterization of Mechanochemically Active Polymers Using Combined Photoelasticity and Fluorescence Measurements (2012)

Force-sensitive molecules, called mechanophores, exhibit a chemical response to mechanical force and can be incorporated into the polymer chains. Mechanically stressing these polymers in turn can activate the mechanophore, producing an advantageous chemical response. We have previously demonstrated activation of a mechanophore called spiropyran, which undergoes a force-induced, 6-p electrocyclic ring-opening reaction accompanied by a color change, in linear polymers in solution via sonication and in bulk solids via tension and compression. Reliable, fully characterized transfer of macroscopic stress on a bulk solid polymer to the mechanophore remains a topic of active research. The premise for mechanical activation in linear polymers is that aligned polymer chains can better transfer mechanical energy to the mechanophore than a randomly oriented chain. We have combined photoelasticity and fluorescence measurements for the same field of view during uniaxial tension experiments of two bulk linear solid spiropyran-linked polymers, elastomeric poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), in order to quantify the influence of polymer chain orientation, determined from optical birefringence, on mechanophore activation evident by color change. These experiments elucidate the critical molecular orientation and macroscopic stress level required to activate the mechanophores, which are critical for the design of systems incorporating mechanochemically active polymers.
Induction of Triploidy and Tetraploidy in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) (1999)

Abstract.— Induction of triploidy and tetraploidy in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus , was investigated by heat shock, cold shock, hydrostatic pressure, and/or chemicals (cytochalasin A, B, and D). Additionally, efficacy of combined protocols was determined. Heat shock 10 min after fertilization induced triploidy when incubation temperature was 24 C but not when incubation temperature was 31 C. Heat shock of 40–41 C at 4–6 min after fertilization was effective in inducing up to 100% triploidy with hatchability similar to controls. Cold shock at 13 C for 45 min five min after fertilization induced 85–100% triploids. Heat shock and multiple heat shocking were the most effective treatments for the induction of tetraploidy. Two heat treatments of 41 C applied at 65 and 80 min after fertilization for 5 min each produced approximately 80% tetraploidy in hatched fry. Immersion of fertilized eggs in cytochalasin A, B, or D at concentrations up to 10 μg/L applied at various times and durations was ineffective in inducing triploidy or tetraploidy.
Synthesis of Globin Ribonucleic Acid from Duck-Reticulocyte Chromatin In Vitro (1973)

The proteins of chromatin serve to restrict the transcription of DNA. The relevance of these findings to the control of gene expression is contingent upon the demonstration that this restriction is specific and mirrors the patterns of RNA synthesis observed in vivo. In this study we demonstrate by RNA-DNA hybridization that the vast majority of the chromatin-directed RNA is synthesized from the unique regions of the reticulocyte genome. Furthermore, by use of the DNA complement of globin mRNA as a probe in annealing reactions, de novo synthesis of globin RNA was detected in RNA transcripts from duck reticulocyte chromatin. No globin sequences were detected in similar preparations of RNA in vitro either from liver chromatin or from DNA freed of protein. These results show that the proteins of chromatin serve to restrict transcription in a very specific manner and provide convincing evidence for the existence of transcriptional control factors in eukaryotes.
MODE-CONVERSION ULTRASONIC TESTING. (1984)

The review presents background to the mode conversion and total wave techniques and a model for describing the new techniques. The results are applied to surface crack sizing, body defect sizing and imaging. New forms of inspection using leaky Rayleigh waves for surface crack detection and characterization are also considered. The complete system of data obtained can be evaluated in terms of fracture mechanics and failure models.
<title>SMIL Based Graphical Interface for Interactive TV</title> (2003)

Although it is relatively straightforward to implement a specialized graphical interface for interactive TV in a particular platform, creating a flexible and generic interface pose a challenge. The major issue is to create a general framework that would make the contents independent of the platforms. The focus of this paper is to design and implement an Interactive TV framework for graphical user interface (GUI) that can help content providers to create reusable and extensible presentations independent of platforms. Our GUI framework is based on SMIL that already has wide industry support and is an official W3C recommendation. It also builds customized options and generates user interactions dynamically on the client side based on a streamed SMIL file.
EEPROM/flash sub 3.0 V drain-source bias hot carrier writing (2002)

Stacked-gate memory devices have been realized which for the first time demonstrate efficient hot carrier writing for drain-source bias, V/sub DS/, down to 2.5 V. Writing is achieved by channel initiated secondary electron injection, which permits writing for qV/sub DS/ below the 3.2 eV oxide barrier. Writing times of 1 ms are achieved for floating gate voltages V/sub FG/ as low as 1.2 V, with V/sub DS/=-V/sub BS/=2.5 V, voltages which can easily be derived from a single scaled power supply, the back-gate bias generated by low-current charge pumping. No high voltage transistors are required for writing or V/sub T/ convergence. Moreover, because the devices are based on a fully scaled 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process, NV-memory arrays can be easily integrated with a minimum of additional process steps. Tight V/sub T/ convergence together with low voltage operation and scaling compatibility makes them ideal candidates for Giga-bit Flash.
Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children (2004)

The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light on this issue, a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI reviewed critically the existing literature on the subject. An analysis of published peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies was performed following the statements of evidence as defined by WHO. The results of the analysis indicate that breastfeeding is highly recommended for all infants irrespective of atopic heredity. A dietary regimen is unequivocally effective in the prevention of allergic diseases in high-risk children. In these patients breastfeeding combined with avoidance of solid food and cow's milk for at least 4-6 months is the most effective preventive regimen. In the absence of breast milk, formulas with documented reduced allergenicity for at least 4-6 months should be used.
Parameter-Free Quasiparticle Calculations forYH3 (2000)

Electronic structure calculations for YH3 within the local density approximation result in a metallic ground state with the bands at the Fermi energy overlapping by more than 1 eV, whereas a band gap of 2.8 eV is deduced from optical experiments. Here, we report the results of parameter-free GW calculations which predict a fundamental gap of 1 eV. When we take into account electric dipole matrix elements a large optical gap of almost 3 eV is obtained. A combination of photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy could test the prediction of a small fundamental band gap.
Twice-daily antibiotics in the treatment of acute otitis media: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus amoxicillin-clavulanate. (1990)

Twice-daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute otitis media except that caused by group A beta-streptococci. Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium is effective in vitro against all bacterial pathogens causing acute otitis media and has been reported to be effective when given twice daily for urinary tract infections, acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections. To determine whether the in-vitro efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate carries over clinically, we conducted a prospective randomized double-blind trial in 219 children presenting at a pediatric walk-in clinic. Diagnosis and follow-up assessments were made by means of examination of the tympanic membrane and acoustic otoscopy. Of the 219 children 202 (101 in either group) were assessed by a specially trained nurse at a follow-up visit 12 to 16 (mean 14) days after treatment was begun. Cure was defined as absence of symptoms and normal results of both visual inspection of the tympanic membrane and acoustic reflectometry; improvement was defined as absence of symptoms and either normal appearance of the tympanic membrane or normal results of acoustic reflectometry; treatment failure was defined as abnormal appearance of the tympanic membrane along with an acoustic reflectometry reading of 5 units or more. There were no differences in age (mean 60 months), sex or proportion of subjects with unilateral versus bilateral disease between the two groups. The combined rate of cure an improvement was significantly higher with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (93%) than with amoxicillin-clavulanate (82%) (p = 0.03). The rate of compliance (more than 80% of the drug taken) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common with amoxicillin-clavulanate (p less than 0.0001). Our results suggest that for acute otitis media twice-daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is more effective clinically and produces fewer side effects than twice-daily amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Improvements in electron diffraction of frozen hydrated crystals by energy filtering and large-area single-electron detection (1993)

Diffraction patterns of 3D protein crystals embedded in vitrious ice are critical to record. Inelastically scattered electrons almost completely superimpose the diffraction pattern of crystals if the thickness of the crystal is higher than the mean free path of electrons in the specimen. Figure 1 shows such an example of an unfiltered electron diffraction pattern from a frozen hydrated 3D catalase crystal. However, for thin 2D crystals electron diffraction has been the state of the art method to determine the Fourier amplitudes for reconstructions to atomic level, and in one case the possibility of obtaining Fourier phases from diffraction patterns has been studied. One of the main problems could be the background in the diffraction pattern due to inelastic scattering and the recording characteristics for electrons of conventional negative material. It was pointed out before, that the use of an energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) and of the Image Plate as a large area electron detector gives considerable improvement for detection of diffraction patterns.
Pose-Guided Human Animation from a Single Image in the Wild (2021)

We present a new pose transfer method for synthesizing a human animation from a single image of a person controlled by a sequence of body poses. Existing pose transfer methods exhibit significant visual artifacts when applying to a novel scene, resulting in temporal inconsistency and failures in preserving the identity and textures of the person. To address these limitations, we design a compositional neural network that predicts the silhouette, garment labels, and textures. Each modular network is explicitly dedicated to a subtask that can be learned from the synthetic data. At the inference time, we utilize the trained network to produce a unified representation of appearance and its labels in UV coordinates, which remains constant across poses. The unified representation provides an incomplete yet strong guidance to generating the appearance in response to the pose change. We use the trained network to complete the appearance and render it with the background. With these strategies, we are able to synthesize human animations that can preserve the identity and appearance of the person in a temporally coherent way without any fine-tuning of the network on the testing scene. Experiments show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts in terms of synthesis quality, temporal coherence, and generalization ability.
An X-ray diffraction investigation of the charge density wave transition at the NbSe2 surface (2006)

Niobium diselenide 2H-NbSe2 is a van der Waals bonded layered structure, which undergoes a charge density wave transition (CDW). We have investigated the CDW transition in NbSe2 using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The evolution of a satellite reflection associated with the CDW has been observed above and below the critical angle of total external reflection in order to carry out a direct comparison between the surface and bulk behaviour. We successfully isolated the surface CDW structure on a high quality single crystal. The central finding of this thesis is that the behaviour of the surface CDW satellite differs from that in the bulk: At the surface, the CDW transition occurs at a higher temperature than in the bulk; also, the transition appears to be continuous. It is likely that we observe the unusual case defined as a “surface transition“ and not the usual case of an “ordinary transition“. A novel experimental method, grazing incidence inelastic X-ray scattering, has been demonstrated. A first successful experiment on 2H-NbSe2 where surface phonons are measured is reported.
Quantitative description of classic and variant small cell lung cancer cell lines by nuclear image cytometry (1988)

Six small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines were examined using nuclear image analysis to find features characteristic of the classic and the variant type of SCLC. On the basis of their biochemical and biological properties three of these cell lines have been shown to represent the classic types, and three represent the variant type of SCLC. Using a combination of the image-derived run length, density, and geometric features, it was possible to distinguish between the classic and variant SCLC cell lines. The results of this study may be of help in assessing photometric features for the separation of the classic and variant subtypes of SCLC in solid tumors. Because of differences in treatment and prognosis between these two subtypes, such a separation may be of clinical value.
Design of Ferrite-Impregnated Plastics (PVC) as Microwave Absorbers (1986)

This paper is concerned with the modeling of absorption of microwaves in a composite containing a random distribution of Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ particles embedded in PVC. The theoretical model based on a self-consistent multiple scattering formalism, including the effect of statistical correlations in the positions of the particles. A T-matrix is used to characterize the response of individual ferrite particles to any incident excitation. An analytical expression is obtained for the complex propagation constant in the composite in the long wavelength limit. In addition to presenting results for a variety of materials including Ni ferrite compounds, it is shown that a particular set of assumed values of the complex magnetic permeabllity and dielectric function leads to very good agreement with the experimental data of Ueno et al [2].
Supply and threshold voltage scaling for low power CMOS (1997)

This paper investigates the effect of lowering the supply and threshold voltages on the energy efficiency of CMOS circuits. Using a first-order model of the energy and delay of a CMOS circuit, we show that lowering the supply and threshold voltage is generally advantageous, especially when the transistors are velocity saturated and the nodes have a high activity factor, In fact, for modern submicron technologies, this simple analysis suggests optimal energy efficiency at supply voltages under 0.5 V. Other process and circuit parameters have almost no effect on this optimal operating point. If there is some uncertainty in the value of the threshold or supply voltage, however, the power advantage of this very low voltage operation diminishes. Therefore, unless active feedback is used to control the uncertainty, in the future the supply and threshold voltage will not decrease drastically, but rather will continue to scale down to maintain constant electric fields.