gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of active based adhesion in Aggregate-Asphalt by digital image analysis (2019)

Moisture damage has become one of serious distresses to reduce stability of pavement structure and service life. One of the most essential reasons for moisture damage is insufficient adhesion between asphalt and aggregate. Most conventional methods for evaluating adhesive characteristic are subjective and empirical and adhesion results are seriously affected by tester's operation habit and judgment. Meanwhile, active adhesion mechanism was not considered in most conventional methods. This study designed an active adhesion based test method, named active adhesion evaluation method (AAEM), to make up for the lack of research on active adhesion and eliminate the subjective operation in boiling process. Boiling water test was performed on basalt and steel slag aggregates for comparison with AAEM. Digital image processing was used for quantitative detection of adhesive characteristic. Results show that digital image processing can accurately and effectively measure asphalt coating ratio. Mixing time of 90 s, and asphalt content of 2.5% were finally selected as the optimum AAEM test parameters. The variance and standard deviation of coating ratios of AAEM are much smaller than that of boiling water, whether it is steel slag or basalt, indicating that the AAEM is indeed an effective method for measuring coating ratios of aggregates. The distinction of coating ratios for basalt and steel slag can be amplified by AAEM compared with boiling method.
2,4-Bis(4-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines: synthesis and tuning of optical properties by polar substituents (2015)

Novel D–π–A–π–D type chromophores – 2,4-bis(4-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-<italic>d</italic>]pyrimidines were prepared and their photophysical, electrochemical properties in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations were investigated.
Isolation of specific mRNA using antiserum against the p35 protein of vaccinia virus envelope and mapping of the p35 protein gene (1990)

Проведено иммунохимичеекое выделение специфической мРНК из клеток, инфицированных вирусом осповакцины (ВОВ), с помощью антисыворотки к белку р35 оболочки вириона. Показано, что кДНК, синтезированная на этой мРНК, специфически гибридизуется с геном, расположенным на левом плече HindIII А-фрагмента вирусной ДНК.
Analysis of Error Propagation in Vector Generalized Finite Element Methods (2007)

The generalized finite element method, first introduced by Babuska, is a framework that uses a partition of unity concept to construct a higher order representation of fields within a computation domain without using tessellation or imposing constraints on the space of basis functions. A key result is that the error representing the total field in the computational domain is related to the local representation error in each patch. This implies that one may be able to choose an appropriate set of basis in each sub-domain. While a bulk of literature based on this technique has been applied to construct solvers for scalar and elliptic differential equations, only recently was a method to analyze vector electromagnetic problems proposed. The basis functions proposed in the paper satisfy the requisite boundary conditions at the interface and demonstrate the appropriate h and p convergence. In this paper, the error in wave propagation is studied via a series of numerical experiments, for different classes of local basis functions-polynomials and exponentials.
Using disability-adjusted life years to assess the economic impact of dengue in Puerto Rico: 1984-1994. (1998)

This study presents the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a non-monetary economic measure of impact, lost to dengue in Puerto Rico for the period 1984-1994. Data on the number of reported cases, cases with hemorrhagic manifestations, hospitalizations, and deaths were obtained from a surveillance system maintained at the Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (San Juan, PR). The reported cases were divided into two age groups (0-15 years old and >15 years old), and then multiplied by predetermined factors (10 for 0-15 years; 27 for >15 years) to allow for age-related under-reporting of cases. Severity of dengue was modeled by classifying cases into three groups: dengue fever, dengue with severe manifestations, and hospitalized cases. Each group was assigned a different number of days lost because of dengue-related disability. Dengue caused an average of 658 DALYs per year per million population (SE = 114, range = 145-1,519). A multivariate sensitivity analysis, which simultaneously altered the values of six input variables, produced a mean of 580 DALYs/year/million population, with a maximum average of 1,021 DALYs/year/million population, and a maximum, single-year estimate for 1994 of 2,153 DALYs/million population. The most important input was the number of days lost to classic dengue. The DALYs/year/million population lost to dengue in Puerto Rico are much greater than previous estimates concerning the impact of dengue hemorrhagic fever alone. The loss to dengue is similar to the losses per million population in the Latin American and Caribbean region attributed to any of the following diseases or disease clusters; the childhood cluster (polio, measles, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus), meningitis, hepatitis, or malaria. The loss is also of the same order of magnitude as any one of the following: tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases (excluding human immunodeficiency virus), tropical cluster (e.g., Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis), or intestinal helminths. The results objectively suggest that when governments and international funding agencies allocate resources for research and control, dengue should be given a priority equal to many other infectious diseases that are generally considered more important.
Location enhancement to IEEE 802.11 DCF (2005)

In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the existing IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) MAC to improve channel spatial reuse efficiency, and thus improve overall network data throughput. Our modification, named the location enhanced DCF (LED) for IEEE 802.11, incorporates location information in DCF frame exchange sequences so that stations sharing the communication channel are able to make better interference predictions and blocking assessments. Utilizing an underlying physical layer design that supports frame capture, the LED enhanced interference estimation can increase overall network data throughput by permitting more concurrent transmissions. In this paper we also analytically study the potential performance enhancement of the LED over the original IEEE 802.11 DCF. The results are verified using the ns-2 simulator, which shows that up to 35% of DCF blocking decisions are unnecessary and our LED method can achieve up to 22% more throughput than the original DCF.
More Is Better: Selecting for Broad Host Range Bacteriophages (2016)

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. In this perspective, we discuss several aspects of a characteristic feature of bacteriophages, their host range. Each phage has its own particular host range, the range of bacteria that it can infect. While some phages can only infect one or a few bacterial strains, other phages can infect many species or even bacteria from different genera. Different methods for determining host range may give different results, reflecting the multiple mechanisms bacteria have to resist phage infection and reflecting the different steps of infection each method depends on. This makes defining host range difficult. Another difficulty in describing host range arises from the inconsistent use of the words "narrow" and especially "broad" when describing the breadth of the host range. Nearly all bacteriophages have been isolated using a single host strain of bacteria. While this procedure is fairly standard, it may more likely produce narrow rather than broad host range phage. Our results and those of others suggest that using multiple host strains during isolation can more reliably produce broader host range phages. This challenges the common belief that most bacteriophages have a narrow host range. We highlight the implications of this for several areas that are affected by host range including horizontal gene transfer and phage therapy.
The Membrane Affinities of the Aliphatic Amino Acid Side Chains in an α-Helical Context Are Independent of Membrane Immersion Depth (1998)

Understanding, predicting, and designing the binding of peptides and proteins to bilayers require quantifying the intrinsic propensities of individual amino acid residues to bind membranes as a function of structural context and bilayer depth. A host-guest study was performed using the peptide host named helix5 in order to determine the membrane affinities of the aliphatic side chains both in an alpha-helical context and as a function of bilayer depth. Use of the alpha-helical host with a constrained geometry allowed the placement of guest sites at three different depths in bilayers and minimized secondary structural changes due to guest substitutions. Circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were used to characterize the aqueous and bilayer-bound structures of the peptide variants. EPR was also used to measure the bilayer-water partition constants of the peptide variants, and the Delta DeltaGtr values (relative to Gly) of the aliphatic amino acid side chains were subsequently calculated. Surprisingly, the DeltaDeltaGtr values did not significantly vary as a function of the guest site depth in bilayers. In addition, the Delta DeltaGtr values determined in an alpha-helical context are reduced to approximately two-thirds of Delta DeltaGtr values determined in other studies for the bilayer-water and octanol-water partitioning of amino acid side chains in extended and unstructured hosts. Both the relative reduction in Delta DeltaGtr values in the context of an alpha-helical host and the invariance of Delta DeltaGtr values with respect to bilayer depth are consistent with the membrane affinities of the aliphatic residues being largely determined by the classical hydrophobic effect.
Contribution of capillary coiling to zone dispersion in capillary zone electrophoresis. (1995)

A mathematical model of the deformation of the analyte zone in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) due to capillary coiling is presented and the influence of capillary coiling on the distribution of electric current density inside the capillary is described. The model gives a quantitative description of the potential contribution of capillary coiling to the total zone dispersion in CZE. The zone broadening caused by capillary coiling is calculated as the difference of migration distances of the particles migrating at the inner circumference of the capillary coil and those migrating at the outer circumference. This difference is shown to be directly proportional to the capillary diameter and to the number of capillary coils, i.e. indirectly proportional to the radius of the capillary coils into which the capillary of the given length is coiled. The contribution of capillary coiling to the total zone dispersion is compared with the contribution of the longitudinal diffusion of low and high molecular mass analytes and bioparticles. It is shown that, especially in the case of CZE separation of macromolecules and particles, capillary coiling can significantly decrease the separation efficiency. For that reason the small radius coiling of the capillary column in the CZE apparatuses should be avoided.
Suppression of endothelial miR-22-3p mediates non-small cell lung cancer cell-induced angiogenesis (2021)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) are powerful regulators of angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-22-3p (miR-22) is preferentially and highly expressed in ECs, while its endothelial level is significantly down-regulated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues when compared to matched non-tumor lung tissues. This reduction of endothelial miR-22 is induced by NSCLC cell-secreted tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Endothelial miR-22 functions as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that inhibits all the key angiogenic activities of ECs and consequently NSCLC growth through directly targeting sirtuin ( SIRT ) 1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR ) 1 in ECs, leading to inactivation of AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. These novel findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC angiogenesis and indicate that endothelial miR-22 represents a potential target for the future anti-angiogenic treatment of NSCLC.
Integration Technology of 30nm Generation Multi-Level NAND Flash for 64Gb NAND Flash Memory (2007)

Multi-level NAND flash memories with a 38nm design rule have been successfully developed for the first time. A break-through patterning technology of Self Aligned Double Patterning (SADP) together with ArF lithography is applied to three critical lithographic steps. Other key integration technologies include low thermal budget ILD process and twisted bit-line contact for excellent isolation between adjacent bit lines. Hemi-Cylindrical FET (HCFET) together with charge trapping memory cell of Si/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /SiN/Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /TaN (TANOS) was found to be effective in sufficing various electrical requirements of 30nm generation flash cells. Finally, MLC operation is successfully demonstrated with flash cells of 8Gb density in which all the technologies aforementioned are combined.
Aspirin-Triggered Lipoxin A4 Stimulates Alternative Activation of Microglia and Reduces Alzheimer Disease–Like Pathology in Mice (2013)

Microglia play an essential role in innate immunity, homeostasis, and neurotropic support in the central nervous system. In Alzheimer disease (AD), these cells may affect disease progression by modulating the buildup of β-amyloid (Aβ) or releasing proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic substances. Discovering agents capable of increasing Aβ uptake by phagocytic cells is of potential therapeutic interest for AD. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous lipid mediator with potent anti-inflammatory properties directly involved in inflammatory resolution, an active process essential for appropriate host responses, tissue protection, and the return to homeostasis. Herein, we demonstrate that aspirin-triggered LXA4 (15 μg/kg) s.c., twice a day, reduced NF-κB activation and levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as increased levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β. Such changes in the cerebral milieu resulted in recruitment of microglia in an alternative phenotype, as characterized by the up-regulation of YM1 and arginase-1 and the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Microglia in an alternative phenotype-positive cells demonstrated improved phagocytic function, promoting clearance of Aβ deposits and ultimately leading to reduction in synaptotoxicity and improvement in cognition. Our data indicate that activating LXA4 signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
Soy hydrolysate enhances the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolytic pathway through an increase in β-adrenergic receptor expression in adipocytes (2019)

Activation of the adipose lipolytic pathway during lipid metabolism is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), which responds to β-adrenergic stimulation, leading to increased lipolysis. Soy is well known as a functional food and it is able to affect lipolysis in adipocytes. However, the mechanism by which soy components contribute to the lipolytic pathway remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that hydrolyzed soy enhances isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis and activation of PKA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also found that the expression of β-adrenergic receptors, which coordinate the activation of PKA, is elevated in adipocytes differentiated in the presence of soy hydrolysate. The activity of the soy hydrolysate towards β-adrenergic receptor expression was detected in its hydrophilic fraction. Our results suggest that the soy hydrolysate enhances the PKA pathway through the upregulation of β-adrenergic receptor expression and thereby, increase lipolysis in adipocytes.
Crystal Structures of Photovoltaic Chalcogenides, an Intricate Puzzle to Solve: the Cases of CIGSe and CZTS Materials (2012)

Abstract Light harvesting chalcogenide materials have strong potential applications for photovoltaic due, in part, to the ability of their structures to accommodate shift from the ideal stoichiometry. This study is devoted to the chemical and structural investigations of two specific series of materials, Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGSe) and Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS). Both of them receive currently a strong incentive in the domain of thin film solar cells. On the basis of accurate chemical analyses, conventional powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, resonant X‐ray scattering with synchrotron radiation the capacity of the chalcopyrite and kesterite structures of CIGSe and CZTS to accommodate deviations from the stoichiometry is discussed. Formally, the former is found to be more flexible than the latter even if this one can self adapt to copper‐poor and copper‐rich compositions without any structural change except in terms of the cation distributions.
A field study of the effects of ivermectin on ectoparasites of man (1991)

Journal Article A field study of the effects of ivermectin on ectoparasites of man Get access C.L. Dunne, C.L. Dunne 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.J. Malone, C.J. Malone 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.A.G. Whitworth J.A.G. Whitworth ∗ 2Medical Research Council Laboratory, P.O. Box 81, Bo, Sierra Leone3Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK ∗Address for correspondence: Dr J. A. G. Whitworth, Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 85, Issue 4, July-August 1991, Pages 550–551, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90255-W Published: 01 July 1991 Article history Received: 02 October 1990 Revision received: 04 January 1991 Accepted: 04 January 1991 Published: 01 July 1991
Gas−Liquid Distributors for Trickle-Bed Reactors:  A Review (2007)

A concise review of the gas−liquid distributors used in trickle-bed reactors (TBRs) is presented. The following topics are considered: distributors in a large-scale reactor, quench box/redistributor, inert particle layer, application of fluid flow modeling (CFD) in distributor studies, and distributors used in a laboratory-scale reactor. Mainly four types of distributors used in a large-scale reactor (e.g., perforated plate, multiport chimney, bubble cap, and gas-lift distributors) are described along with their advantages and disadvantages. Effects of various types of weep hole, such as inverted V notch and rectangular slot at the distributor tube wall and fluid distributing device at downcomer outlet, are discussed. Sizing methodology of multiport downcomer in chimney type distributors is presented. The performance of a gas-lift distributor is found to be more promising compared to other distributors. It provides intimate mixing of vapor and liquid, is less vulnerable to fouling, is insensitive to tray levelness, and distributes liquid uniformly at a large turndown ratio. This is also reflected in the increasing use of gas-lift distributors with increasingly stringent product specifications. This review presents all the information available in the literature to the best of the author's knowledge and focuses the attention on enhancing the further understanding of internals toward uniform distribution of liquid in TBRs. It also focuses the future directions of work in designing of gas−liquid distributors to further facilitate the understanding of the design of TBRs to meet the challenges of the stringent sulfur specification in transportation fuel (10 ppmw in EURO V by 2009).
Graded-index diffractive structures fabricated by thermal ion exchange (1997)

High-efficiency diffractive elements with a continuous phase-modulation capability can be realized either by means of a surface profile or a refractive-index distribution. We consider the latter approach, expanding on our recent proposal [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 917 (1995)] to fabricate graded-index diffractive structures by thermal ion exchange in glass. A rapid approximate method is developed to obtain a predesign of the ion-exchange mask, which is then refined by parametric optimization based on solutions of the full diffusion problem. The use of two consecutive ion-exchange steps and postbaking to enhance the designs is investigated, and some experimental results are provided.
Design Automation of Photonic Resonator Weights (2022)

Neuromorphic photonic processors based on resonator weight banks are an emerging candidate technology for enabling modern artificial intelligence (AI) in high speed, analog systems. These purpose-built analog devices implement vector multiplications with the physics of resonator devices, offering efficiency, latency, and throughput advantages over equivalent electronic circuits. Along with these advantages, however, often comes the difficult challenges of compensation for fabrication variations and environmental disturbances. In this paper we review sources of variation and disturbances from our experiments, as well as mathematically define quantities that model them. Then, we introduce how the physics of resonators can be exploited to weight and sum multiwavelength signals. Finally, we outline automated design and control methodologies necessary to create practical, manufacturable, and high accuracy/precision resonator weight banks that can withstand operating conditions in the field. This represents a road map for unlocking the potential of resonator weight banks in practical deployment scenarios.