gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Temperature Behavior of Metallo-supramolecular Assemblies (2005)

A detailed structural analysis of a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayer composed of a polyelectrolyte-amphiphile complex (PAC) is presented. The PAC is self-assembled from metal ions, ditopic bis-terpyridines, and amphiphiles. The vertical structure of the LB multilayer is investigated by X-ray reflectometry. The multilayer has a periodicity of 57 A, which corresponds to an architecture of flat lying metallo-supramolecular coordination polyelectrolyte (MEPE) rods and upright-standing amphiphiles (dihexadecyl phosphate, DHP). In-plane diffraction reveals hexagonal packing of the DHP molecules. Using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments, we prove that the central metal ion is coordinated to the terpyridine moieties in a pseudo-octahedral coordination environment. The Fe-N bond distances are 1.82 and 2.0 A, respectively. Temperature resolved measurements indicate a reversible phase transition in a temperature range up to 55 degrees C. EXAFS measurements indicate a lengthening of the average Fe-N bond distance from 1.91 to 1.95 A. The widening of the coordination cage upon heating is expected to lower the ligand field stabilization, thus giving rise to spin transitions in these composite materials.
Dynamic Routing Networks (2019)

The deployment of deep neural networks in real-world applications is mostly restricted by their high inference costs. Extensive efforts have been made to improve the accuracy with expert-designed or algorithm-searched architectures. However, the incremental improvement is typically achieved with increasingly more expensive models that only a small portion of input instances really need. Inference with a static architecture that processes all input instances via the same transformation would thus incur unnecessary computational costs. Therefore, customizing the model capacity in an instance-aware manner is much needed for higher inference efficiency. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Routing Networks (DRNets), which support efficient instance-aware inference by routing the input instance to only necessary transformation branches selected from a candidate set of branches for each connection between transformation nodes. The branch selection is dynamically determined via the corresponding branch importance weights, which are first generated from lightweight hypernetworks (RouterNets) and then recalibrated with Gumbel-Softmax before the selection. Extensive experiments show that DRNets can reduce a substantial amount of parameter size and FLOPs during inference with prediction performance comparable to state-of-the-art architectures.
Achieving one-hop DHT lookup and strong stabilization by passing tokens (2005)

Recent research has demonstrated that if network churn is not excessively high, it becomes entirely reasonable for a distributed hash table (DHT) to store a global lookup table at every node to achieve one-hop lookup. We present a novel algorithm for maintaining global lookup state in a DHT with a Chord-like circular address space. In our DHT, events are disseminated with a parallelized token-passing algorithm using dynamically-constructed dissemination trees rooted at the source of the events. We show that we are able to achieve good one- and two-hop routing performance at a modest cost in bandwidth. Furthermore, our scheme is bandwidth-adaptive, and automatically detects and repairs global address space inconsistencies.
Benzo[c]quinolizin-3-ones:  A Novel Class of Potent and Selective Nonsteroidal Inhibitors of Human Steroid 5α-Reductase 1 (2000)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel, selective inhibitors of isoenzyme 1 of human 5alpha-reductase (5alphaR) (EC 1.3.99.5) are reported. The inhibitors are 4aH- (19-29) or 1H-tetrahydrobenzo[c]quinolizin-3-ones (35-47) bearing at positions 1, 4, 5, and 6 a methyl group and at position 8 a hydrogen, methyl group, or chlorine atom. All these compounds were tested toward 5alphaR-1 and 5alphaR-2 expressed in CHO cells (CHO 1827 and CHO 1829, respectively) resulting in selective inhibitors of the type 1 isoenzyme, with inhibitory potencies (IC(50)) ranging from 7.6 to 9100 nM. The inhibitors of the 4aH-series, having a double bond at position 1,2, were generally less active than the corresponding inhibitors of the 1H-series having the double bond at position 4,4a on the A ring. The presence of a methyl group at position 4 (as in compounds 39-40 and 45-47), associated with a substituent at position 8, determined the highest inhibition potency (IC(50) from 7.6 to 20 nM). Compounds 39 and 40, having K(i) values of 5.8+/-1.8 and 2.7+/-0.6 nM, respectively, toward 5alphaR-1 expressed in CHO cells, were also tested toward native 5alphaR-1 in human scalp and 5alphaR-2 in human prostate homogenates, in comparison with finasteride and the known 5alphaR-1-selective inhibitor LY191704, and their mechanism of inhibition was determined. They both inhibited the enzyme through a reversible competitive mechanism and again were selective inhibitors of 5alphaR-1 with IC(50) values of 41 nM. These specific features make these inhibitors suitable candidates for further development as drugs in the treatment of DHT-dependent disorders such as acne and androgenic alopecia in men and hirsutism in women.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR HEAVY TRUCK MOVEMENT GENERATED BY THE PORT OF MIAMI (FLORIDA) IN DOWNTOWN MIAMI (1998)

The Port of Miami generates a tremendous amount of freight movement activity in South Florida. Virtually all of the land movement of this freight is currently handled by heavy trucks traveling through downtown Miami. The purpose of this research is to develop a predictive traffic model for the heavy freight truck movement generated by the port. The model is based on factors related to internal activity within the port, such as number of berth movements, types of vessels, and gantry crane activity.
Study on Filling Materials Suitable for Seawater Piping Trench Closure Work at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (2016)

福島第一原子力発電所2，3，4号機海水配管トレンチには，東北地方太平洋沖地震によって被災した原子炉建屋・タービン建屋から漏出した高濃度汚染水が滞留している状況であった。2014年11月，トレンチ内部へ充填材を打ち込み，汚染水を置換・除去する作業を開始し，2015年12月にその作業を完了した。本稿は，トレンチの横抗トンネル部に適用した長距離水中流動特殊充填材をはじめとする種々の充填材に関する検討内容を取りまとめたものである。
Alternative packing modes leading to amyloid polymorphism in five fragments studied with molecular dynamics (2011)

Amyloid aggregates have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion disease. Recently determined microcrystal structures of several short peptide segments derived from fibril-forming proteins revealed coexistence of alternative aggregation modes (amyloid polymorphism) formed by the same segment. This polymorphism may help in understanding the influence of the side chain packing on the amyloid stability. Here we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze the stability of five pairs of polar and nonpolar polymorphic oligomers. MD simulation shows polymorphs with steric zipper interface containing large polar and/or aromatic side chains (GNNQQNY, and NNQNTF) are more stable than steric zipper interfaces made of small or hydrophobic residues (SSTNGVG, VQIVYK, and MVGGVV). Several geometric analyses revealed that larger sheet to sheet interface of the dry steric zipper through polar Q/N rich side chains holds the sheets together. Mutant simulations (Q/N→G) show substitutions with glycine disrupt the steric zipper, leading to unstable oligomers. Stability of Q/N rich oligomers was found to result from the large average number of hydrogen bonds. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method reports the nonpolar component of free energy to be favorable, while electrostatic solvation is unfavorable for β-sheet association. Knowledge of structural properties of these fibrils might be useful for developing therapeutic agents against amyloidoses as well as for developing biomaterials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 131-144, 2012.
A pH-tunable peptide ligase (1999)

A chemical ligation system is reported, in which a highly acidic coiled-coil peptide was used to template two basic peptide fragments and catalyze their condensation, in a pH-tunable fashion, to generate a coiled-coil product. This template showed a high catalytic efficiency (with single turnover) under neutral conditions. Under acidic conditions, however, its catalytic efficiency was reduced by approximately 4500-fold.
Revisión de los Ammonoideos del Lías españoldepositados en el Museo Geominero(ITGE, Madrid) (1996)

Se revisan desde el punto de vista taxonomico, los fosiles de ammonoideos correspondientes al Lias espanol que se encuentran depositados en el Museo Geominero. La coleccion esta compuesta por ejemplares procedentes de 67 localidades espanolas, pertenecientes a colecciones de diferentes autores. Se identifican los ordenes Phylloceratina, Lytoceratina y Ammonitina, las familias Phylloceratidae, Echioceratidae, eoderoceratidae, Liparoceratidae, Amaltheidae, Dactylioceratidae, Hildoceratidae y Hammatoceratidae y las subfamilias Xipheroceratinae, Arieticeratinae, Harpoceratinae, Hildoceratinae, Grammoceratinae, Phymatoceratinae y Hammatoceratinae correspondientes a los pisos Sinemuriense, Pliensbachiense y Toarciense.
An introduction to digitial matched filters (1976)

In this introductory exposition, the class of noncoherent digital matcted filters (DMF's) which are matched to AM signals is analyzed. Attention is focused on the special case of binary signals and one-bit digitization. Expressions are obtained relating output and input signal-to-noise ratios when the channel interference is additive and a) white Gaussian, b) incoherent and of constant amplitude, and c) coherent and of constant amplitude. These expressions are compared with expressions for the performance of the corresponding noncoherent analog matched filter under the same conditions Improvements in DMF performance obtained by thresold biasing and by dithering are investigated; it is shown that DMF's can be made to outperform analog matched filters by proper use of the former technique. All theoretical results are corroborated by computer simulation.
Adhesion-dependent activation of mucosal interleukin-6 production (1991)

Mucosal exposure to Escherichia coli elicits an inflammatory response in the urinary tract. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted into the urine, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are recruited to the site of infection. This study analyzed the ability of mucosally administered bacterial components to activate IL-6 and PMNL responses. P, S, and type 1 fimbrial preparations with adhesins specific for Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta, NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal, and mannose, respectively, were inoculated intravesically into lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responder (C3H/HeN) and LPS-nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice. The role of the fimbrial adhesin was examined by comparing P and S fimbriae with (Adh+) and without (Adh-) the receptor-binding domain. Isolated lipid A was used in parallel. The urinary IL-6 levels were elevated after challenge with Adh+ P fimbriae, but not after challenge with the Adh- P fimbriae, Adh+ or Adh- S fimbriae, or type 1 fimbriae. The activation was not a function of contaminating LPS, since it occurred in both LPS-responder and -nonresponder mice and since isolated lipid A was a poor activator of the IL-6 response. In contrast, lipid A was a potent inducer of the PMNL response. The results suggested that the IL-6 and PMNL responses were activated via different pathways; the IL-6 response was activated mainly by an adhesion-dependent interaction with the mucosa, and the PMNLs were activated mainly by lipid A. The results emphasize the active role of the mucosal barrier in the production of mediators in response to diverse bacterial stimulants.
Leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules in a chronic murine model of myocardial reperfusion injury (2000)

Expression of endothelial and leukocyte cell adhesion molecules is a principal determinant of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment during inflammation. It has been demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of these molecules can attenuate PMN influx and subsequent tissue injury. We determined the temporal expression of alpha-granule membrane protein-40 (P-selectin), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (E-selectin), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) after coronary artery occlusion and up to 3 days of reperfusion. The expression of all of these cell adhesion molecules peaked around 24 h of reperfusion. We determined the extent to which these molecules contribute to PMN infiltration by utilizing mice deficient (-/-) in P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and CD18. Each group underwent 30 min of in vivo, regional, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. PMN accumulation in the ischemic-reperfused (I/R) zone was assessed using histological techniques. Deficiencies of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, or CD18 resulted in significant (P < 0.05) attenuation of PMN infiltration into the I/R myocardium (MI/R). In addition, P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and CD18 -/- mice exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) smaller areas of necrosis after MI/R compared with wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that MI/R induces coronary vascular expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 in mice. Furthermore, genetic deficiency of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, or CD18 attenuates PMN sequestration and myocardial injury after in vivo MI/R. We conclude that P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and CD18 are involved in the pathogenesis of MI/R injury in mice.
Frog nuptial pads secrete mating season-specific proteins related to salamander pheromones (2013)

Males of many frog species develop spiny nuptial pads with underlying glands on their thumbs during the mating period. We used 3D visualization on the European common frog Rana temporaria to show that the morphology of these glands allows the channelling of secreted molecules to the pad's surface during amplexus. Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses show that proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR family, here termed amplexins, are highly expressed in the nuptial glands during the mating season, but are totally absent outside that period. The function of amplexins remains unknown, but it is interesting to note that they share structural similarities with plethodontid modulating factors, proteins that influence courtship duration in salamanders.
Will artificial intelligence ever be a threat to humankind? (2022)

Artificial intelligence (AI) “leverages computers and machines to mimic the problem-solving and decision-making capabilities of the human mind” (IBM Cloud Education, 2021). Therefore, we can assume that, similarly to humans, AI has advantages as well as disadvantages. But considering that one of the most common daily uses of AI is in translating a text from one language to another (European Parliament, 2021), why should we care about the risks you may ask? It is as though humanity stands before two doors; behind door number one, we would stop the production of intelligent machines and all our technology would cease to progress – we would be stuck, marking the end of this technological era, and most likely see one of the greatest failures in human history. However, it is against human nature to stagnate, so the only remaining option is behind door number two. There, we would continue to improve our technologies for years and years, until eventually, they start improving themselves, leading to the ‘intelligence explosion’ (Harris, 2016). Consequently, it is only a matter of time before we reach a new era – one where humanity could lose its place as the apex predator to a machine. In this paper, I will be assessing some of the potential risks of artificial intelligence and propose an alternative to them.
High performance, conducting pyroelectric ceramics (1983)

Abstract Hot-pressed ceramics in the PbZrO3-Pb2FeNbO6-PbTiO3 system have been shown to possess a combination of pyroelectric and dielectric properties which make them very suitable for use in pyroelectric infra-red detectors. The use of uranium as an off-valent dopant ion gives control of the electrical resistivity in the system and permits the elimination of high value gate bias resistors as discrete components. This paper discusses the mechanism by which conduction occurs in these ceramics. It is concluded from measurements of DC and AC conductivity that the uranium ions act as electron donors with conduction being via a hopping mechanism. The modelling of the AC conductivity and its use in describing device Johnson noise is discussed.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1-Allenyltriazenes (2017)

1-Aryl-3,3-dialkyltriazenes have received considerable attention in the context of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. In contrast, the chemistry of other unsaturated triazenes is largely unexplored. The synthesis of 1-allenyltriazenes is described. This new class of compounds can be obtained by base-induced isomerization of 1-alkynyltriazenes. The latter are accessible by reaction of alkynyl Grignard reagents with lithium amides and nitrous oxide. 1-Allenyltriazenes were found to be thermally labile, but they can be stored without degradation at lower temperatures. In the presence of ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, 1-allenyltriazenes rearrange into N-aminopyrazoles.
LINEAR ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT IN Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 THIN FILM GROWN ON LSAT (001) SUBSTRATE (2007)

ABSTRACT Heteroepitaxial barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 or BST) thin films were successfully grown on (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.35 (LSAT) (001) using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction characterization revealed that the films have a good crystalline quality and a pure perovskite structure. The in-plane ferroelectric properties of the films were studied using interdigital electrodes (IDE). The film exhibited a ferroelectric state at room temperature with the remnant polarization P r = 10.5 μC/cm2. A large linear electro-optic effect was observed in the Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin film in a transverse geometry at a wavelength of 632.8 nm using a modified Sénarmont method. The linear electro-optic coefficient r c of the Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin film was found to be 125.0 × 10−12 m/V, which is very promising for modulator applications.
Fatigue Behavior of a 22Cr-20Ni-18Co-Fe Alloy at Elevated Temperatures (1994)

An experimental investigation was conducted on Haynes Alloy 556 to study the fatigue behavior of the material at elevated temperatures. Fatigue tests were run at constant temperatures ranging from room temperature to 871°C with strain ranges from 0.265 to 1.5 percent resulting in lives between 102 and 106 cycles. Cyclic deformation properties were evaluated based on the fatigue data. Three fatigue life models were evaluated for their ability to predict the isothermal fatigue lives of the material. These included the Ostergren, Frequency Separation and Stress-Strain-Time models. Strengths and weaknesses of each model are discussed based on the experimental results.
Demonstration of waste status termination for plastics (2019)

Global pollution of land and ocean associated with unmanaged plastic waste is one of the drivers behind emerging of the circular economy. Recovered plastic waste serving as a raw material can be circulated in the industrial system, generating economic, social and environmental benefits. &#13;\nRecovery of the waste results in the waste serving a useful function. At some stage during recovery process, the waste can be shown to achieve sufficient properties to be used for a certain application in a safe for health and environment manner. That stage of the process is a point of recovery. Termination of a waste status of a material requires from the manufacturer of that material documented demonstration that the produced material is safe for health and environment, has an existing market, fulfills technical requirements for an application and meets product regulations and standards. &#13;\nIn absence of EU-wide or Finnish national methodology for assessment of material status of the plastic waste, the author reviewed technical guidelines, standards and scientific articles for establishing the criteria for the assessment. Waste and chemical regulations, products standards and industrial reports were used for providing the background information for the assessment. Material statuses of PE pellets, produced in Finland from post-consumer industrial/commercial and construction and demolition wastes, were assessed. The author suggested that only waste status of pellets produced in Finland from transparent packaging could be terminated. The detailed assessment and list of documentation used are presented in the work. &#13;\nTermination of the waste status was demonstrated through evaluation of the information collected about recyclate against criteria developed during preparation stage of the work and documentation of the whole process.&#13;\nThe main expected benefit of the material status assessment and terminated waste status is increased level of knowledge about the properties of the recovered material resulted in in-creased demand for the recyclate and its widespread recirculation in industrial system.
Repurposed Drugs for Prostate Cancer (2019)

From the Division of Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. Reprints: Wenxin Xu, MD, Division of Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: [email protected].
ChemInform Abstract: NEW CONVENIENT SYNTHESE OF ALPHA‐C‐ACYLAMINO ACIDS AND ALPHA‐AMINO KETONES (1974)

Abstract Aus den α‐Isocyano‐essigestern (I) entstehen mit Säurechloriden (II) oder Anhydriden (III) die Oxazol‐4‐carbonsäureester (IV) bzw. die Substitutionsprodukte (V), die beide mit Säuren zu den Keto‐amino‐carbonsäuren (VI) verseift werden können ,In saurem Medium erhält man aus (VI) oder (IV) bei erhöhter Temperatur die Aminoketone (VII).
[Convalescence and sick leave following cardiac surgery]. (2009)

A literature review regarding symptoms and recommendations in relation to e.g. driving and physical activity precautions during the recovery period following coronary artery bypass and/or valve surgery was performed. Postoperative pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems and neurocognitive impairment affecting daily living are common. Every patient should be offered individually tailored cardiac rehabilitation. Patients should be on sick leave for 4-8 weeks following sternotomy. Recommendations during convalescence are based on a low level of evidence.
The Piazza Peer Data Management System (2004)

Intuitively, data management and data integration tools are well-suited for exchanging information in a semantically meaningful way. Unfortunately, they suffer from two significant problems: They typically require a comprehensive schema design before they can be used to store or share information and they are difficult to extend because schema evolution is heavyweight and may break backward compatibility. As a result, many small-scale data sharing tasks are more easily facilitated by nondatabase-oriented tools that have little support for semantics. The goal of the peer data management system (PDMS) is to address this need: We propose the use of a decentralized, easily extensible data management architecture in which any user can contribute new data, schema information, or even mappings between other peers' schemes. PDMSs represent a natural step beyond data integration systems, replacing their single logical schema with an interlinked collection of semantic mappings between peers' individual schemas. This paper describes-several aspects of the Piazza PDMS, including the schema mediation formalism, query answering and optimization algorithms, and the relevance of PDMSs to the semantic Web.