gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substructure of Direction-Selective Receptive Fields in Macaque V1 (2003)

We used two-dimensional (2-D) sparse noise to map simultaneous and sequential two-spot interactions in simple and complex direction-selective cells in macaque V1. Sequential-interaction maps for both simple and complex cells showed preferred-direction facilitation and null-direction suppression for same-contrast stimulus sequences and the reverse for inverting-contrast sequences, although the magnitudes of the interactions were weaker for the simple cells. Contrast-sign selectivity in complex cells indicates that direction-selective interactions in these cells must occur in antecedent simple cells or in simple-cell-like dendritic compartments. Our maps suggest that direction selectivity, and on and off segregation perpendicular to the orientation axis, can occur prior to receptive-field elongation along the orientation axis. 2-D interaction maps for some complex cells showed elongated alternating facilitatory and suppressive interactions as predicted if their inputs were orientation-selective simple cells. The negative interactions, however, were less elongated than the positive interactions, and there was an inflection at the origin in the positive interactions, so the interactions were chevron-shaped rather than band-like. Other complex cells showed only two round interaction regions, one negative and one positive. Several explanations for the map shapes are considered, including the possibility that directional interactions are generated directly from unoriented inputs.
Analysis on vegetation changes of Maqu alpine wetlands in the Yellow River source region (2014)

The Maqu alpine wetlands have irreplaceable function in maintaining ecological balance and conserving biodiversity to the upriver regions of the Yellow River. In last 30 years, Global warming causes significant changes in vegetation. However, the Maqu alpine wetland is undergoing a degradation caused by warming and drying climate. Aim of this study is to investigate the vegetation changes for a better understanding the consequence of climate variations to the wetland degradation. Based on the Landsat TM images of 2000 and 2010, the landscape pattern changes were analyzed by classification statistics, dynamic transfer matrix and landscape pattern indices. Based on the MOD11A2 and MOD13A2 data from 2000 to 2010, NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) dataset were extracted. NDVI time-series data processed with S-G filtering method was used to find temporal and spatial variation characteristics, and linear trend was analyzed by ordinary least squares regression method. NDVI and LST were used to construct Ts-NDVI feature space, and then TVDI was obtained to explore changes of soil moisture. Relationship between climate variations and wetland degradation were found by ordinary least squares regression method. Results indicated that both wetland area and landscape heterogeneity decreased. Annual NDVI presented fluctuated decreasing trend and there was strong spatial heterogeneity in patterns of NDVI change. Annual TVDI proved to have an increasing trend which showed the drought gradually intensified. “Warming and drought” climate appear to be critical factors contributing to wetland degradation. Precipitation has a stronger correlation rather than temperature.
Search for the ideal oral rehydration solution: studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea. (1991)

In situ perfusion of whole rat small intestine was used to compare the efficacy of five oral rehydration solutions in promoting water and sodium absorption in normal intestine and secreting intestine after exposure to cholera toxin. Solutions varied in their sodium (35-90 mmol/l) and glucose (111-200 mmol/l) concentrations, molar ratio of glucose:sodium (1.2-5.8), and osmolality (281-331 mOsmol/kg), and contained either bicarbonate (18-30 mmol/l) or citrate (10 mmol/l). In normal intestine all solutions promoted net water absorption. Cholera toxin induced reproducible water secretion but all solutions reversed this to absorption. Water absorption was greatest with solutions containing sodium 60 mmol/l and glucose 111 or 140 mmol/l, and with a glucose:sodium ratio approximately 2, in both normal and secreting intestine. All solutions promoted net glucose absorption in both normal and secreting intestine. Net sodium absorption occurred with solutions containing greater than or equal to 60 mmol/l sodium in normal intestine but sodium secretion occurred from all solutions in secreting intestine. Sodium movement was directly related to the sodium concentration of the solution and sodium secretion occurred despite net water and glucose absorption. We consider that these studies may guide future development of oral rehydration solutions.
Numerical simulation of ion-beam formation (invited) (1996)

The methods of numerical simulation of particle optics problems are examined with respect to their accuracy and stability. Principles of space-charge optics and of beam formation are recalled to address questions like the general validity of the 3/2-power law and the Pierce angle. For the simplest mathematical model of the plasma sheath the ‘‘correct’’ shape of the wall electrode is calculated analytically and compared with numerical simulations. The result will be used to establish engineering rules for the extraction of ion beams from a plasma with minimum aberration. The compensation of ion beams by electrons and the influence of this on ion-beam formation is discussed both from the viewpoint of theoretical analysis of compensation as well as on the basis of experimental evidence.
Development of a Prototype for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classification Based on Morphological Features Automatically Measured in Whole Slide Images (2014)

The advent of new digital imaging technologies including high-throughput slide scanners is making a very compelling case as part of the clinical workflow. Tools developed for morphometric image analysis are accelerating the transition of pathology into a more quantitative science. The system for detection of regions suspected to be cancerous in gastric and colorectal tissue is already available. There is a real need for not only cancer detection but also quantification of histological features, because quantitative morphological characteristics can include important diagnostic and prognostic information. If an association between quantitative features and clinical findings is indicated, quantification of morphological features would be extremely useful to select the best treatment. Image measurement technology also has the potential for investigative pathology. We have developed a prototype system for both quantification of morphological features and automated identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within whole slide images (WSI) of liver biopsy based on image recognition and measurement techniques. Our system displays quantified cell and tissue features as histogram, bar graph, and heat map on the screen. Displaying all features in such a unified visualization makes it easy to interpret quantitative feature. In this paper, we present a prototype designed specifically for morphological feature visualization in an easy-to-understand manner.
Assessment of leakage rate and durability of field-made mechanical joints for systems using low-GWP flammable refrigerants (ASHRAE RP-1808). (2018)

The conversion of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems to low-GWP refrigerants, such as HFOs, has raised many concerns about the flammability of potential replacement refrigerants, particularly regarding the potential leakage of flammable refrigerant from mechanical joints. This paper presents the results of a study investigating the durability and leakage rate of different types of field-made joints used in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, focusing on flame-free joining methods and systems with flammable refrigerants. Three different types of fittings were investigated: Press/crimp fittings, compression fittings, and flare fittings. For each type of fitting, two different sizes were used as well as two different tubing materials (copper and aluminum). Brazed joints were also investigated as a baseline. Durability testing in the form of pressure-temperature thermal cycling, freeze-thaw cycling, and vibration testing was performed on all combinations of fittings. Refrigerant leakage rates were also determined for all combinations of fittings.
Study of the Design Operation of Graphic Simplification (2007)

Graphic design is often considered an artistic behaviour that is difficult to analyze rationally. With the development of research tools, it has become feasible to examine graphic design quantitatively. The objectives of this study are to define techniques that will quantify the simplification of graphics and to develop a systematic set of rules for graphic simplification. Through the three stages of the research process - ideation development of interval graphic simplification design, design practice, and discussion - this study presents four graphic simplification methods for the interval concept, namely: (a) grid simplification method, (b) node reduction method, (c) geon reduction method, and (d) blur method. This study proposes these techniques as viable methods to quantify and rationally analyze graphics, and hopes to provide valuable references for practitioners of graphic design, symbol design and computer-aided design (CAD) applications. The interval concept is the idea that the actual space between simplified graphics can be indicated by meaningful standard intervals.
Advanced composite materials with tailored thermal properties for heat sink applications (2007)

Materials which are used as heat sinks should have a high thermal conductivity combined with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Future electronic components will require heat sink materials with thermal conductivities above 300 W/mK and adapted CTEs which can be realized by diamond based composites. Aluminum and Copper-Diamond Composites have been manufactured by a powder metallurgical process. Surface coated diamonds or copper alloys have been used to prepare composites which are characterized by a stable thermal and mechanical interface. This was confirmed by measurement of thermal properties before and after thermal cycling. The used manufacturing process is a cost efficient technique which also allows to some degree the freedom for manufacturing of near net shape parts or composite parts with a high surface quality.
Why sildenafil and sildenafil citrate monohydrate crystals are not stable? (2015)

Sildenafil citrate was crystallized by various techniques aiming to determine the behavior and factors affecting the crystal growth. There are only 2 types of sildenafil obtaining from crystallization: sildenafil (1) and sildenafil citrate monohydrate (2). The used techniques were (i) crystallization from saturated solutions, (ii) addition of an antisolvent, (iii) reflux and (iv) slow solvent evaporation method. By pursuing these various methods, our work pointed that the best formation of crystal (1) was obtained from technique no. (i). Surprisingly, the obtained crystals (1) were perfected if the process was an acidic pH at a cold temperature then perfect crystals occurred within a day. Crystals of compound (2) grew easily using technique no. (ii) which are various polar solvents over a wide range of pH and temperature preparation processes. The infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra fit well with these two X-ray crystal structures. The crystal structures of sildenafil free base and salt forms were different from their different growing conditions leading to stability difference.
Analysis for Impurities by Ion Chromatography (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Regulatory Guidelines on Impurities IC Methods as Complementary to Other HPLC Methods IC in the Analysis of Impurities IC Methods for Impurities in the USP-NF and USP-PF Conclusions References
Large-displacement stability of ac microgrids (2014)

In ac power systems, it is important to regulate the amplitude and frequency of voltages throughout the system. Historically, this has been accomplished by ensuring sucient spinning reserve and controlling frequency through scheduling of the generators. Control strategies for emerging microgrids are being patterned after the classic grid. However, there are major dierences between the classic grid and a typical microgrid. In the classic grid, all generators have similar and well-known dynamic characteristics since there are only a small number of manufacturers worldwide and since the technology is similar between manufacturers (e.g. wound-eld synchronous machines). On the other hand, in a typical microgrid, there are numerous power sources with diverse characteristics (photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, diesel-engine-driven generators), approaches of power conversion (converter and inverter circuits), and associated control strategies, leading to a wide range of dynamic characteristics among the constituent components. Mindful of these dierences, it is desirable to develop robust control methodologies that will ensure stability. In this thesis, a new control paradigm is set forth based upon an energy storage unit that regulates microgrid voltage/frequency, and a centralized clock that synchronizes all sources and loads within the microgrid. A computer study is used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and establish an inverter design that ensures large-disturbance stability. To quantify the stability region, the notion of stability in PQ space is introduced. The impact of the energy storage unit's physical constraints (e.g., magnitude and rate limits) on the region of stability in PQ space are established.
A Robot and Control Algorithm That Can Synchronously Assist in Naturalistic Motion During Body-Weight-Supported Gait Training Following Neurologic Injury (2007)

Locomotor training using body weight support on a treadmill and manual assistance is a promising rehabilitation technique following neurological injuries, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. Previous robots that automate this technique impose constraints on naturalistic walking due to their kinematic structure, and are typically operated in a stiff mode, limiting the ability of the patient or human trainer to influence the stepping pattern. We developed a pneumatic gait training robot that allows for a full range of natural motion of the legs and pelvis during treadmill walking, and provides compliant assistance. However, we observed an unexpected consequence of the device's compliance: unimpaired and SCI individuals invariably began walking out-of-phase with the device. Thus, the robot perturbed rather than assisted stepping. To address this problem, we developed a novel algorithm that synchronizes the device in real-time to the actual motion of the individual by sensing the state error and adjusting the replay timing to reduce this error. This paper describes data from experiments with individuals with SCI that demonstrate the effectiveness of the synchronization algorithm, and the potential of the device for relieving the trainers of strenuous work while maintaining naturalistic stepping.
Corrigendum to “Low Body Mass Index Can Identify Majority of Osteoporotic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Missed by Current Guidelines” (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1100/2012/807438.].
Effect of gastrin heptadecapeptide (G17) on oesophageal contractions in patients with diffuse oesophageal spasm. (1979)

An intravenous bolus of pentagastrin significantly increased the amplitude and duration of oesophageal body contractions in seven patients with diffuse oesophageal spasm (DES) when compared with five normal subjects (P greater than 0.05). In order to determine whether this stimulation also occurred at physiological gastrin concentrations, the effect of an intravenous infusion of gastrin heptadecapeptide (G17), 25 pmol/kg-h, on oesophageal contractions was studied in DES patients. G17 had no significant effect on the amplitude and duration of oesophageal contractions compared with a saline control. This dose of G17 was near the D50 for gastric acid secretion and produced a rise in serum gastrin concentration comparable with a meal. G17 infusions at doses of 100 and 200 pmol/kg-h increased the amplitude and duration of oesophageal contractions, but the corresponding serum gastrin concentrations were higher than postprandial levels. Thus, endogenous fluctuations in serum gastrin heptadecapeptide, alone, are unlikely to alter oesophageal contractions in DES patients.
Chiral discrimination of the analgesic cizolirtine by using cyclodextrins: A 1H NMR study on the solution structures of their host–guest complexes (1999)

The use of four cyclodextrins (three native and one β-CD derivative) as NMR chiral solvating agents to resolve the enantiomers of (±)-cizolirtine, 1, and its chemical precursor (the carbinol, (±)-2), was investigated. The best enantiodiscrimination occurred when β-cyclodextrin was used. ROESY experiments were performed to qualitatively ascertain the most probable host–guest structures in D2O solution, and the binding features found were explained in terms of spatial fitting of the guest molecules into the macrocyclic cavities. No geometrical differences were noted between the two diastereomeric complexes formed by a cyclodextrin and a racemic substrate, so the magnetic nonequivalence induced on guest protons by the enantioselective binding had to be explained as a result of subtle disparities in the orientation and/or the conformational state of the complexed enantiomers. Chirality 11:694–700, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Covariance Intersection for Multi-Sensor Ballistic Missile Tracking (2012)

This paper describes the application of the covariance intersection algorithm to the multi-sensor ballistic missile tracking problem. The fusion of measurements from multiple radar or infrared sensors can signicantly improve tracking performance when compared to a sensor working in isolation. The covariance intersection algorithm is demonstrated as an eective method for extending single sensor tracking algorithms to a multiple sensor context. A sample scenario is shown to demonstrate the problems with the tracking a ballistic missile using a single infrared sensor. By using data from a second infrared sensor, these problems can be remedied eectively. It is shown that even infrequent periodic measurements from a secondary sensor can make infrared-only tracking feasible and that varying the period of these measurements provides a method for maintaining a desired covariance for a track.
Construction of a new leucine dehydrogenase with preferred specificity for NADP+ by site-directed mutagenesis of the strictly NAD+-specific enzyme (1997)

On the basis of sequence comparison between NAD+-dependent leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) from Thermoactinomyces intermedius and NADP+-dependent dehydrogenases, a set of amino acid residues that are supposed to determine the coenzyme specificity of LeuDH were assigned. Systematic replacement of these amino acids by others was done with the aim to switch its natural coenzyme specificity to a new one preferring NADP+. Single D203A, double D203A-I204R and triple D203A-I204R-D210R mutation enzymes were constructed. The wild-type LeuDH is inactive with NADP+. However, D203A single mutant exhibited dual specificity for NAD+ and NADP+ with essentially identical k(cat)/Km values for both coenzymes, but the values were three orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. Introduction of positive charge at 204 together with the removal of the negative charge at 203 in the double mutant D203A-I204R provided the enzyme with significantly high affinity for NADP+. The best k(cat)/Km value for NADP+ was shown for the triple mutant D203A-I204R-D210R: more than 2% of the k(cat)/Km value of the wild-type enzyme. Thus, we succeeded in constructing a mutant LeuDH with a new coenzyme specificity preferring NADP+ which is highly active (specific activity, 19 micromol/mg/min).
The Rational Design of Modified Cinchona Alkaloid Catalysts. Application to a New Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Chromanes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A sequential Monte Carlo approach to the sequential design for discriminating between rival continuous data models (2012)

We present a case report of a neonate with congenital subperiosteal orbital haematoma presenting with unilateral proptosis with review of current literature. The baby made an uneventful recovery following surgical drainage of the haematoma. This is the second report of orbital haematoma presenting at birth. Orbital haematoma should be considered in the newborn with unilateral proptosis. Early detection with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required to determine the need for surgical drainage.
Calcium Induces Membrane Translocation of 12-Lipoxygenase in Rat Platelets (1989)

Translocation of soluble 12-lipoxygenase to membranes was examined in rat platelets. Preincubation of platelet homogenates with 0.1-10 microM Ca2+ resulted in an increase in 12-lipoxygenase activity of the particulate fraction with a concomitant decrease in that of the soluble fraction. Kinetic parameters of 12-lipoxygenase of the soluble and membrane fractions were not changes in the presence of 10 microM Ca2+. Ca2+-induced association of 12-lipoxygenase to the particulate fraction was dependent on the amounts of platelet-soluble and membrane fractions but not on the incubation temperature. 12-Lipoxygenase activity associated with the particulate fraction was completely dissociated by reducing the concentration of Ca2+ to 10 nM. Ca2+-induced association of the enzyme also occurred in the boiled- and trypsin-treated membranes but was significantly reduced in the phospholipase A2-treated membranes. Soluble 12-lipoxygenase also associated to liposomes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Pretreatment of platelets with thrombin (0.5-5 units/ml) significantly caused a translocation of soluble 12-lipoxygenase to particulate fraction; in the time course study, the translocation was observed at the thrombin pretreatment of 1, 5, and 10 min. These results suggest that stimulation of platelets is followed by the translocation of soluble 12-lipoxygenase to membranes, which is mediated by physiological concentration of Ca2+.
Playful or Gameful? (2014)

research-article Share on Playful or Gameful?: creating delightful user experiences Authors: Andrés Lucero Nokia Research Center Nokia Research CenterView Profile , Evangelos Karapanos Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute Madeira Interactive Technologies InstituteView Profile , Juha Arrasvuori University of Vaasa University of VaasaView Profile , Hannu Korhonen University of Tampere University of TampereView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 21Issue 3May-June 2014pp 34–39https://doi.org/10.1145/2590973Αvailable in printPublished:01 May 2014Publication History 67citation5,502DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations67Total Downloads5,502Last 12 Months312Last 6 weeks36 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
An Update on Chronic Wounds and The Role of Biofilms (2013)

Current research is being targeted at antibiofilm strategies needed to restore an optimal wound-healing environment. A combined treatment approach involving aggressive débridement and the addition of antibiofilm agents is needed.