gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor optical amplifier cascaded optical single‐sideband modulation with phase pre‐distortion (2004)

Abstract An optical single sideband modulation with a cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The single sideband‐modulated signal is predicted using the phase predistortion technique in the RF input of the Mach–Zehnder modulator. The predicted results are compared with the measured data and good agreement is reported. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 436–438, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11403
Accurate satellite-derived estimates of the tropospheric ozone impact on the global radiation budget (2009)

Abstract. Estimates of the radiative forcing due to anthropogenically-produced tropospheric O3 are derived primarily from models. Here, we use tropospheric ozone and cloud data from several instruments in the A-train constellation of satellites as well as information from the GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System to accurately estimate the radiative effect of tropospheric O3 for January and July 2005. Since we cannot distinguish between natural and anthropogenic sources with the satellite data, our derived radiative effect reflects the unadjusted (instantaneous) effect of the total tropospheric O3 rather than the anthropogenic component. We improve upon previous estimates of tropospheric ozone mixing ratios from a residual approach using the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) by incorporating cloud pressure information from OMI. We focus specifically on the magnitude and spatial structure of the cloud effect on both the short- and long-wave radiative budget. The estimates presented here can be used to evaluate the various aspects of model-generated radiative forcing. For example, our derived cloud impact is to reduce the radiative effect of tropospheric ozone by ~16%. This is centered within the published range of model-produced cloud effect on unadjusted ozone radiative forcing.
Synthese und physikalische Eigenschaften erster 3,3′‐verbrückter Bis‐ und Tris(1,3‐thiazolium‐4‐olate) sowie eines 5,5′‐verbrückten Bis(1,3‐thiazolium‐4‐olats) und seine überführung in 3,3′‐(1,4‐Phenylen)bis[2(1H)‐pyridinone] (1987)

Abstract Die Synthese und physikalische Eigenschaften der neuen Titelverbindungen vom Typ 7, 9 und 12 , die zwei oder in einem Fall drei mesoionische 1,3‐Thiazol‐4‐on‐Systeme enthalten, werden beschrieben. Mit Acetylendicarbonsäure‐dimethylester oder Dibenzoylethin reagiert 12 unter Schwefel‐Freisetzung zu den 3,3′‐(1,4‐Phenylen)bis[2(1 H )‐pyridinon]‐Derivaten 23a bzw. b .
Adenovirus-vectored novel African Swine Fever Virus antigens elicit robust immune responses in swine (2017)

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a high-consequence transboundary animal pathogen that often causes hemorrhagic disease in swine with a case fatality rate close to 100%. Lack of treatment or vaccine for the disease makes it imperative that safe and efficacious vaccines are developed to safeguard the swine industry. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of seven adenovirus-vectored novel ASFV antigens, namely A151R, B119L, B602L, EP402RΔPRR, B438L, K205R and A104R. Immunization of commercial swine with a cocktail of the recombinant adenoviruses formulated in adjuvant primed strong ASFV antigen-specific IgG responses that underwent rapid recall upon boost. Notably, most vaccinees mounted robust IgG responses against all the antigens in the cocktail. Most importantly and relevant to vaccine development, the induced antibodies recognized viral proteins from Georgia 2007/1 ASFV-infected cells by IFA and by western blot analysis. The recombinant adenovirus cocktail also induced ASFV-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells that were recalled upon boosting. Evaluation of local and systemic effects of the recombinant adenovirus cocktail post-priming and post-boosting in the immunized animals showed that the immunogen was well tolerated and no serious negative effects were observed. Taken together, these outcomes showed that the adenovirus-vectored novel ASFV antigen cocktail was capable of safely inducing strong antibody and IFN-γ+ cell responses in commercial swine. The data will be used for selection of antigens for inclusion in a multi-antigen prototype vaccine to be evaluated for protective efficacy.
Insomnia as a Risk Factor for Onset of Depression in the Elderly (2006)

There are at least 9 studies that provide evidence that insomnia is a significant risk factor for recurrent and new onset major depressive disorder (MDD), two of which suggest that this association also exists specifically for the elderly. In this study, archival data from a community sample of healthy elderly participants were used to assess the extent to which insomnia predicts future illness in this age cohort. Out of the 147 participants with no prior history of mental illness, 66 participants were classified as having no insomnia, 47 had indeterminate insomnia, and 34 had persistent insomnia. Twelve participants developed MDD during the 1-year follow-up period. Two had no insomnia, 4 had indeterminate insomnia, and 6 had persistent insomnia. Persistent insomnia with onset of depression occurred only in female participants and was significantly associated with middle insomnia. These data suggest that elderly participants with persistent insomnia are at greater risk for the development of new onset depression.
<title>Hyperboloid-hyperboloid grazing incidence x-ray telescope designs for wide-field imaging applications</title> (2000)

The classical Wolter Type 1 X-ray telescope consists of two grazing incidence mirrors, a confocal paraboloid and hyperboloid. This design exhibits perfect geometric imaging on-axis (i.e., no spherical aberration) but suffers from severe field curvature, coma, astigmatism, and higher-order aberrations such as oblique spherical aberration. The Wolter-Schwarzschild design, consisting of two general aspheric grazing incidence surfaces, is corrected for both spherical aberration and coma, thus yielding very good geometrical performance at small field angles that becomes severely degraded at large field angles. The image quality criterion for stellar (small-field) X-ray telescopes is frequently expressed in terms of an on-axis fractional encircled energy, with the off-axis performance being dictated by the field-dependent aberrations characteristic of the design. A more appropriate image quality criterion for wide-angle applications is some area-weighted-average measure of resolution that maximizes the number of spatial resolution elements over a given operational field-of-view (OFOV). In practice, scattering effects from residual optical fabrication errors and detector effects (finite pixel size and charge spreading) dominate geometrical aberrations for small field angles whereas the geometrical aberrations dominate the image degradation at large field angles. Under these conditions, there is little merit in a telescope design corrected for coma (or even spherical aberration). Our new image quality criterion has led us to a whole new class of generalized Wolter Type I (hyperboloid- hyperboloid) designs that can be optimized for a given OFOV. A specific design and its predicted systems performance for the Solar X-ray Imager mission are described in detail.
Space-based telescopes for actionable refinement of ephemeris pathfinder mission (2012)

The Space-based Telescopes for Actionable Refinement of Ephemeris (STARE) program will collect the information needed to help satellite operators avoid collisions in space by using a network of nanosatellites to determine more accurate trajectories for selected space objects orbiting the Earth. In the first phase of the STARE program, two pathfinder cube-satellites (CubeSats) equipped with an optical imaging payload are being developed and deployed to demonstrate the main elements of the STARE concept. We first give an overview of the STARE program. The details of the optical imaging payload for the STARE pathfinder CubeSats are then described, followed by a description of the track detection algorithm that will be used on the images it acquires. Finally, simulation results that highlight the effectiveness of the mission are presented.
A sero‐epizootiological study of porcine respiratory coronavirus in belgian swine (1993)

A porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), antigenically closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), appeared in the European swine population in 1984. The present serological study was performed to obtain insight into the epizootiology of PRCV and of TGEV. PRCV-induced neutralizing antibodies were found in 90.6 per cent of the 160 sera collected from sows at slaughter, demonstrating the enzootic appearance of PRCV in the Belgian swine population. A serological study of fattening swine on 33 farms revealed that 11 farms situated in an area with a high farm density (all farms within 4 km2) and 11 on 22 closed breeding-fattening farms situated in areas with a low farm density (only one to four farms per 12 km2) were infected with PRCV throughout the year, whereas the other 11 closed breeding-fattening farms were temporarily free of PRCV. PRCV disappeared from the farms mainly in spring and summer. All the 11 farms became reinfected in autumn or winter, indicating that PRCV is regularly reintroduced in farms in the colder seasons. There was no correlation between the herd size and the temporary disappearance of PRCV from farms. It was observed on some farms that PRCV could infect pigs shortly after weaning in the presence of declining maternal antibodies, indicating that PRCV can persist on a farm by regularly infecting newly weaned pigs. TGEV-specific antibodies were found in 7.6 per cent of the 160 sera from the slaughterhouse sows. TGEV-specific antibodies were also detected in sera from fattening swine of 5 of the above mentioned 33 farms. TGEV-outbreaks were not observed on these farms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Mucosal Immunity, and Pathogenesis: Comments and Conference Summary (1999)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) has now been reported in virtually every country of the world. Responding to the challenge of this devastating pandemic, basic and clinical investigators in many regions of the world have rapidly advanced our understanding of the biology, immunology, and virology of systemic HIV-1 infection. Although the vast majority of HIV-1 infections are acquired through mucosal transmission, information regarding the immunobiology of mucosal HIV-1 infection has been more difficult to obtain due to the difficulties of studying mucosal tissues in vivo and primary mucosal cells in vitro. Many of these difficulties have now been overcome, leading to new insights into the pathogenesis of mucosal HIV-1 infection. To address this emerging and important area of study, this symposium brought together basic and clinical investigators whose work focuses directly or indirectly on mucosal HIV-1 disease. The work discussed by these investigators covered the following seven areas: mucosal transmission, primate models of transmission and disease, mucosal cells and tropism, viral tropism, mucosal defense and HIV-1, pathogenesis of opportunistic mucosal pathogens, and mucosal immunity and vaccination. The salient points of many of these observations are presented individually in the following articles, and highlights of presentations by Sten Vermund, Deborah Anderson, Norman Letvin, Andrew Lackner, Mario Stevenson, Eric Hunter, Jan Orenstein, Rosemary Soave, Kent Sepkowitz, Barney Graham, and Jay Berzofsky are summarized below. Sten Vermund (University of Alabama at Birmingham) emphasized the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic and summarized recent epidemiologic trends. In 1989, the cumulative number of AIDS cases in the United States was 100,000, but by 1997, the number had increased dramatically to 600,000. By 1993, AIDS had become the leading cause of death among persons between 25 and 44 years of age living in the United States. The
Improvement in Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Resistance of an Austempered Cast Steel by a Novel Two-Step Austempering Process (2003)

Abstract An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of microstructure on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) growth behavior of an austempered high-carbon (1.00%), high-silicon (3.00%), and high-manganese (2.00%) cast steel. Compact tension specimens were prepared from this cast steel as per American Society for Testing Materials standard E-399 and were given four different heat treatments to produce different microstructures. The SCC behavior of these specimens was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution. The test results indicate the K ISCCvalue of the material increases as the austenite content increases. Significant improvement in SCC resistance was achieved by using a novel two-step austempering process. Intergranular crack growth was observed in all these specimens.
FPGA Implementations of the Round Two SHA-3 Candidates (2010)

The second round of the NIST-run public competition is underway to find a new hash algorithm(s) for inclusion in the NIST Secure Hash Standard (SHA-3). This paper presents the full implementations of all of the second round candidates in hardware with all of their variants. In order to determine their computational efficiency, an important aspect in NIST's round two evaluation criteria, this paper gives an area/speed comparison of each design both with and without a hardware interface, thereby giving an overall impression of their performance in resource constrained and resource abundant environments. The implementation results are provided for a Virtex-5 FPGA device. The efficiency of the architectures for the hash functions are compared in terms of throughput per unit area. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work to date to present hardware designs which test for all message digest sizes (224, 256, 384, 512), and also the only work to include the padding as part of the hardware for the SHA-3 hash functions.
Predicting the Optimal Spacing of Study: A Multiscale Context Model of Memory (2009)

When individuals learn facts (e.g., foreign language vocabulary) over multiple study sessions, the temporal spacing of study has a significant impact on memory retention. Behavioral experiments have shown a nonmonotonic relationship between spacing and retention: short or long intervals between study sessions yield lower cued-recall accuracy than intermediate intervals. Appropriate spacing of study can double retention on educationally relevant time scales. We introduce a Multiscale Context Model (MCM) that is able to predict the influence of a particular study schedule on retention for specific material. MCM's prediction is based on empirical data characterizing forgetting of the material following a single study session. MCM is a synthesis of two existing memory models (Staddon, Chelaru, & Higa, 2002; Raaijmakers, 2003). On the surface, these models are unrelated and incompatible, but we show they share a core feature that allows them to be integrated. MCM can determine study schedules that maximize the durability of learning, and has implications for education and training. MCM can be cast either as a neural network with inputs that fluctuate over time, or as a cascade of leaky integrators. MCM is intriguingly similar to a Bayesian multiscale model of memory (Kording, Tenenbaum, & Shadmehr, 2007), yet MCM is better able to account for human declarative memory.
Reference idempotency analysis (2001)

Recent proposals for multithreaded architectures allow threads with unknown dependences to execute speculatively in parallel. These architectures use hardware speculative storage to buffer uncertain data, track data dependences and roll back incorrect executions. Because all memory references access the speculative storage, current proposals implement this storage using small memory structures for fast access. The limited capacity of the speculative storage causes considerable performance loss due to speculative storage overflow whenever a thread's speculative state exceeds the storage capacity. Larger threads exacerbate the over-flow problem but are preferable to smaller threads, as larger threads uncover more parallelism. In this paper, we discover a new program property called memory reference idempotency. Idempotent references need not be tracked in the speculative storage, and instead can directly access non-speculative storage (i.e., the conventional memory hierarchy). Thus, we reduce the demand fo r speculative storage space. We define a formal framework for reference idempotency and present a novel compiler-assisted speculative execution model. We prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for reference idempotency using our model. We present a compiler algorithm to label idempotent memory references for the hardware. Experimental results show that for our benchmarks, over 60% of the references in non-parallelizable program sections are idempotent.
Magnetic Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Cubic RCu5 Intermetallic Compounds (1970)

The magnetic properties of the cubic RCu5 compounds TbCu5, DyCu5, HoCu5, ErCu5, and TmCu5 are reported for temperatures between 2.1° and 300°K. In the paramagnetic region the susceptibility follows a Curie-Weiss law. The type of ordering at low temperatures changes with increasing atomic number from antiferromagnetic (R = Tb) to ferromagnetic (R = Ho, Er, Tm), while DyCu5 is metamagnetic. The Knight shifts of the 63Cu NMR in these compounds have been measured between 100° and 300°K. The results are discussed in terms of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida theory.
Intranasal Delivery of Antigen-Coated Polymer Particles Protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection (2022)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic human pathogen that is intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics, causing severe and persistent infections in immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium has been listed as a priority pathogen by the WHO in 2017, and there is no vaccine available for human use. In this study, 10 vaccine candidate antigens were selected for particulate vaccine design. We engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> to assemble biopolymer particles (BPs) that were either coated with epitopes (Ag) derived from OprF/I-AlgE proteins or PopB or PopB-Ag or coated with single or double copies of epitopes (10Ag and 10Ag(2x)) derived from OprF, OprI, AlgE, OprL, PopB, PilA, PilO, FliC, Hcp1, and CdrA. Antigen-coated BPs showed a diameter of 0.93-1.16 μm with negative surface charge. Antigens attached to BPs were identified by mass spectrometry. Vaccination with BP-Ag, BP-PopB, BP-PopBAg, PB-10Ag, and BP-10Ag(2x) with and without Alhydrogel adjuvant induced significant antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. All particulate vaccines with Alhydrogel induced protection in an acute pneumonia murine model of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection, contributing to up to 80% survival when administered intramuscularly, and the addition of Alhydrogel boosted immunity. The BP-10Ag(2x) vaccine candidate showed the best performance and even induced protective immunity in the absence of Alhydrogel. Intramuscular administration of the BP-10Ag(2x) without Alhydrogel vaccine resulted in 60% survival. Intranasal vaccination induced immunity, contributing to about 90% survival. Overall, our data suggest that vaccination with BPs coated with <i>P. aeruginosa</i> antigens induce protective immunity against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections. The possibility of intranasal delivery will strongly facilitate administration and use of BP vaccines.
Water supply resilience in coastal communities: using DPSIR to assess the next urban water paradigm (2015)

Issues related to growing urban populations, protecting the environment and adapting to the changing climate cannot be ignored, especially when it comes to providing reliable water supply to urban areas. Cities worldwide must look to shift away from the traditional urban water management paradigm, characterized by a fragmented approach, and shift to form a new paradigm; one that manages the urban water cycle as a single resource, satisfying contemporary issues and adapting to future needs. Understanding the anticipated effects of future issues is key before a new paradigm can be formed.
Identification of Agents that Induce Apoptosis of Multicellular Tumour Spheroids: Enrichment for Mitotic Inhibitors with Hydrophobic Properties (2011)

Cell-based anticancer drug screening generally utilizes rapidly proliferating tumour cells grown as monolayer cultures. Hit compounds from such screens are not necessarily effective on hypoxic and slowly proliferating cells in 3-D tumour tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the potential usefulness of 3-D cultured tumour cells for anticancer drug screening. We used colon carcinoma multicellular spheroids containing hypoxic and quiescent cells in core areas for this purpose. Three libraries (∼11 000 compounds) were screened using antiproliferative activity and/or apoptosis as end-points. Screening of monolayer and spheroid cultures was found to identify different sets of hit compounds. Spheroid screening enriched for hydrophobic compounds: median XLogP values of 4.3 and 4.4 were observed for the hits in two independent screening campaigns. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the majority of spheroid screening hits were microtubuli inhibitors. One of these inhibitors was examined in detail and found to be effective against non-dividing cells in the hypoxic centres of spheroids. Spheroid screening represents a conceptually new strategy for anticancer drug discovery. Our findings have implications for drug library design and hit selection in projects aimed to develop drugs for the treatment of solid tumours.
AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine induces robust broadly cross-reactive antibody responses in Malawian adults previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

These findings show that the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is an effective booster for waning cross-variant antibody immunity after initial priming with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potency of hybrid immunity and its potential to maximise the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines needs to be taken into consideration when formulating vaccination policies in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is still limited access to vaccine doses.