gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for the anticoagulant activity of heparin. 1. Relationship to the number of charged groups (1979)

This study was undertaken to provide further information concerning the chemical heterogeneity of heparins and the relationships between the anticoagulant activity (USP assay) and the anionic density of the heparin. A sample of commercial heparin was fractionated into 13 fractions by sequential extraction in a two-phase system of 1-butanol-aqueous NaCl containing excess hexadecylpyridinium chloride. The anionic density distribution was characterized by the fractional distribution of uronate among the fractions. The fractions were characterized by several molar ratios of constituents, molecular weight, charge density, and anticoagulant activity in recalcified sheep plasma. The heparin was broadly distributed among the last 10 fractions; the first three contained impurities which were completely separated from the heparin fractions. The heparin fractions differ systematically in anionic density but are of substantially the same molecular weight. Anticoagulant activity increased markedly with anionic density, ranging from 81 units/mg for the heparin fraction with the lowest anionic density up to a high of 243 units/mg. The relationship between anticoagulant activity and either anionic density or its square is nonlinear. However, in the latter case an initial linear relationship was observed for anticoagulant activities of less than 200 units/mg.
Differential induction of adhesion molecule and chemokine expression by LTalpha3 and LTalphabeta in inflammation elucidates potential mechanisms of mesenteric and peripheral lymph node development. (1999)

Lymphotoxin (LT) is a member of the proinflammatory TNF family of cytokines that plays a critical role in the development of lymphoid tissue. It has previously been reported that the presence of the LTalpha transgene under the control of the rat insulin promoter results in inflammation at the sites of transgene expression. LTalpha transgene expression results in expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM, ICAM, peripheral node addressin (a marker of peripheral lymph nodes), and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule (a marker of mucosal lymphoid tissue, including mesenteric lymph nodes). In this study to determine the mechanisms by which LT promotes inflammation and lymphoid tissue organization, we analyzed the regulation of expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in LT transgenic mice. The results demonstrate that LTalpha3 induces expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM, ICAM, and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule as well as the chemokines RANTES, IFN-inducible protein-10, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, while LTalphabeta is required for the induction of peripheral node addressin that may contribute to the recruitment of L-selectinhigh CD44low naive T cells. These data provide candidate mediators of LT-induced inflammation as well as potential mechanisms by which LTalpha and LTalphabeta may differentially promote the development of mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes.
Oxide thin film transistors for flexible devices (2017)

Much attention has been gathered to flexible devices which will surely change our life style drasticall y. There are many kinds of flexible devices such as flexible display or medical chart. In order to realize the flexible devices, oxide thin film is one of the promising material. Because oxide film has several fea tures which are not observed in conventional silicon materials. They are low fabrication temperature, hig h electrical performance or unique optical properties. To realize flexible devices with oxide thin film, sev eral key issues should be discussed. In this talk, we will introduce several new techniques which are no w being developed in our laboratory (Fig.1). We study the fabrication method of high performance oxide thin film transistors by using solution pro cessed InZnO. High mobility and highly reliable TFT was demonstrated using spin coating method. In th is technique, there was a problem of larger fluctuation of the performance. To solve this problem, we in troduced wet annealing after the TFT fabrication and achieved very low fluctuation of the electrical perf ormance such as mobility of threshold voltage. We apply this solution processed InZnO to logic circuit s uch as invertor or ring oscillators. We could demonstrate clear invertor operation or high frequency circu it operations. We demonstrate ELA on a-IGZO TFTs passivated with a hybrid passivation layer. The hybrid passivation layer, based on polysilsesquioxane (PSQ), is transparent and fabricated by solution process. The PSQ passivated a-IGZO TFTs has a bottom gate top contact structure. The channel used is a 70 nm thick a-IGZO (2217) deposited at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering. PSQ passivated TFTs were subjected to either 248 nm KrF ELA or 308 nm XeCl ELA at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Irradiating Me 100 samples with 90-110 mJ/cm XeCl ELA and Me 60/Ph 40 samples with 80 mJ/cm KrF ELA greatly improved the transfer characteristics and mobility (~13-18 cm/Vs)[1-2](Fig.2). For gate insulator of amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistor, we fabricated fluorinated silicon nitride (SiN:F) film formed by an inductively-coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method by utilizing SiF4/N2 as source gases. Threshold voltage shift against electrical stress was successfully suppressed. Chemical analysis revealed that the hydrogen concentration was reduced to 1/10 of conventional SiN film and fluorine was introduced into the interface between the SiN:F film and channel layer. We conclude that the decrease of hydrogen content and introduction of fluorine lead to decrease of electron trap density at the interface and/or the SiN:F film[3].
Detection of prescribed error events: application to perpendicular recording (2005)

We discuss an error detection technique geared to a prescribed set of error events. The traditional method of error detection and correction attempts to detect/correct as many erroneous bits as possible within a codeword, irrespective of the pattern of the error events. The proposed approach, on the other hand, is less concerned about the total number of erroneous bits it can detect, but focuses on specific error events of known types. We take perpendicular recording systems as an application example. Distance analysis and simulation can easily identify the dominant error events for the given noise environment and operating density. We develop a class of simple error detection parity check codes that can detect these specific error events. The proposed coding method, when used in conjunction with post-Viterbi error correction processing, provides a substantial performance gain compared to the uncoded perpendicular recording system.
Light source position and reflectance estimation from a single view without the distant illumination assumption (2005)

Several techniques have been developed for recovering reflectance properties of real surfaces under unknown illumination. However, in most cases, those techniques assume that the light sources are located at inifinity, which cannot be applied safely to, for example, reflectance modeling of indoor environments. In this paper, we propose two types of methods to estimate the surface reflectance property of an object, as well as the position of a light source from a single view without the distant illumination assumption, thus relaxing the conditions in the previous methods. Given a real image and a 3D geometric model of an object with specular reflection as inputs, the first method estimates the light source position by fitting to the Lambertian diffuse component, while separating the specular and diffuse components by using an iterative relaxation scheme. Our second method extends that first method by using as input a specular component image, which is acquired by analyzing multiple polarization images taken from a single view, thus removing its constraints on the diffuse reflectance property. This method simultaneously recovers the reflectance properties and the light source positions by optimizing the linearity of a log-transformed Torrance-Sparrow model. By estimating the object's reflectance property and the light source position, we can freely generate synthetic images of the target object under arbitrary lighting conditions with not only source direction modification but also source-surface distance modification. Experimental results show the accuracy of our estimation framework.
PHY 171 Recuento del primer curso de Física en pregrado (2005)

Este artículo es un recuento del primer curso de física para el bachillerato en ciencias (equivalente a la licenciatura mexicana) en física en la Universidad de Maryland. Si bien el curso fue impartido fuera de México y en inglés, la universalidad de la ciencia y la experiencia basada en nuevas aproximaciones al problema de la enseñanza efectiva de la física me alientan a compartir esta experiencia y a presentar de manera muy somera los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes, basado en una evaluación conceptual y otra analítica. También presento los resultados generales que los estudiantes hicieron de mi desempeño como maestro. Creo que los profesores universitarios y los estudiantes de la educación científica pueden aprovechar mi experiencia para plantear en su contexto maneras más efectivas de enseñar física clásica. La mayor parte de las referencias en este artículo es a páginas electrónicas para facilitar su consulta.
Genome‐Wide Assessment of the Binding Effects of Artificial Transcriptional Activators by High‐Throughput Sequencing (2016)

One of the major goals in DNA-based personalized medicine is the development of sequence-specific small molecules to target the genome. SAHA-PIPs belong to such class of small molecule. In the context of the complex eukaryotic genome, the differential biological effects of SAHA-PIPs are unclear. This question can be addressed by identifying the binding regions across the genome; however, it is a challenge to enrich small-molecule-bound DNA without chemical crosslinking. Here, we developed a method that employs high-throughput sequencing to map the binding area of small molecules throughout the chromatinized human genome. Analysis of the sequenced data confirmed the presence of specific binding sites for SAHA-PIPs from the enriched sequence reads. Mapping the binding sites and enriched regions on the human genome clarifies the reason for the distinct biological effects of SAHA-PIP. This approach will be useful for identifying the function of other small molecules on a large scale.
Angiotensin II and α v β 3 Integrin Expression in Rat Neonatal Cardiac Fibroblasts (2000)

We recently demonstrated that alpha(v)beta(3) integrins are involved in the mechanisms of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced DNA synthesis and collagen gel contractions in rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs), cellular mechanisms that are relevant for cardiac remodeling. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of Ang II and other growth factors on the regulation of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrins in fibroblasts from neonatal rat hearts. The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptor expression was significantly increased (P<0.05) at the mRNA level after treatment with Ang II, transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for 8 and 16 hours. The surface expression of the alpha(v) and beta(3) integrin subunits was elevated after 32 and 48 hours (P<0.05) as determined with flow cytometry. To investigate fibroblast motility, we performed chemotaxis experiments with transwell chambers. Ang II was chemotactic for CFBs, as tested with checkerboard experiments. The chemotactic effect was concentration dependent and was completely blocked by Ang II type 1 receptor blockers but not by Ang II type 2 receptor blocker PD 123319. Ang II- and PDGF-BB-mediated chemotaxis could be significantly inhibited by RGD peptides and the blocking antibodies against alpha(v)beta(3) integrin (both P<0.01). Adhesion of CFBs to vitronectin was partially inhibited by an antibody to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin but was mainly mediated by an alpha(v)beta(5) integrin. Relevant in vivo expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin by CFBs was confirmed with in situ hybridization with probes for alpha(v) and beta(3) mRNA in rat hearts. The present study demonstrates that the expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin is augmented by Ang II, PDGF, and TGF-beta(1) in neonatal CFBs. Furthermore, this integrin is involved in the chemotaxis, motility, and adhesion of CFBs. The present findings support the current concept that integrins participate in the control of fibroblast behavior during cardiac remodeling mechanisms.
Fouling-Tolerant Nanofibrous Polymer Membranes for Water Treatment (2014)

Nafion/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous membranes with electrostatically negative charges on the fiber surface were fabricated via electrospinning with superior water permeability and antifouling behaviors in comparison with the conventional microfiltration membranes. The fiber diameter and the resultant pore size in the nanofibrous membranes were easily controlled through tailoring the properties of the electrospinning solutions. The electrospun Nafion/PVDF nanofibrous membranes revealed high porosities (>80%) and high densities of sulfonate groups on the membrane surface, leading to praiseworthy water permeability. Unexpectedly, the water permeability was observed as proportional to the fiber diameter and pore size in the membrane. The presence of sulfonate groups on the membrane improved the antifouling performance against negatively charged oily foulants.
Adhesives in printed circuit applications (1962)

Abstract This paper discusses the technology of adhesives employed in printed circuitry. The chemical types of adhesives are described and their general characteristics are given. Typical printed circuit processes are used to spotlight the demands placed on the adhesives. Test methods and requirements peculiar to printed circuitry are discussed in detail, and particular emphasis is placed on those properties which will not be too obvious to the adhesives technologist unfamiliar with circuitry. Secondary applications of adhesives in printed circuitry are touched on briefly, and mention is made of bonding methods in use or under development which do not employ adhesives. Numerous literature references are given.
Synthesis of Shape Amphiphiles Based on Functional Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane End-Capped Poly(l-Lactide) with Diverse Head Surface Chemistry (2011)

This paper reports a facile, modular, and efficient approach to the synthesis of shape amphiphiles with a hydrophobic polymer chain as the tail and a polar, compact, functional polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS) nanoparticle as the headgroup. A poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) chain was grown from monohydroxyl-functionalized heptavinyl POSS (VPOSS−OH) with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity by stannous octoate-mediated ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide. To impart tunable polarity and functionality to the headgroup, various functional groups, such as carboxylic acids, hydroxyl groups, and sugars, were attached to the POSS cage in high efficiency by thiol−ene “click” chemistry, which provides a straightforward and effective approach to synthesize shape amphiphiles with diverse head surface chemistry. The polymers have been fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and size exclusion chromatography. These functional POSS can serve as versatile nanobuilding blocks in the “bottom-up” construction of nanoscale structures and assemblies that may exhibit rich self-assembling behavior and potentially useful physical properties.
Ionic Liquids Based on Imidazolium and Pyrrolidinium Salts of the Tricyanomethanide Anion (2004)

A novel series of tricyanomethanide ionic liquids have been prepared and characterized for potential use as ionic liquid solvents. Full thermal analyses of all salts at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures are reported (melting points –17° to 160°C). The thermal stability and decomposition temperatures are also presented (Tdecomp ˜ 300°C). An electrochemical window of ~3 V has been established and the conductivity measured over a range of temperatures (20 mS cm–1 at 25°C).
Selektive 7‐Glykosylierung von 4‐Amino‐7 H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin zu Ara‐Tubercidin und dessen α‐Anomer (1981)

Eine Synthese des antiviralen Ara‐ Tubercidins (4b) beginnt mit der Phasen‐transfer‐katalysierten Verknüpfung von (1) und (2) zu (3a) + (4a) . Nach Abspaltung der Benzylgruppen gelingt die Trennung von (3b) und (4b) an einer Ionenaustauschersäule magnified image .
Oncologic Safety of Endoscopic Resection Based on Lymph Node Metastasis in Ulcerative Early Gastric Cancer (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> There is little evidence regarding appropriate therapeutic modalities for ulcerative-type early gastric cancer (EGC) because the risks and implications of lymph node metastasis are unclear. The indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was investigated for ulcerative-type EGC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analyzed 192 patients with differentiated ulcerative-type EGC who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk factors were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The LNM rate was 15.1% overall, 0% for mucosa-confined lesions, and 28.2% for submucosa-infiltrating lesions. On multivariate analysis, only lymphovascular invasion (<i>P</i> < .001) was significantly associated with LNM. Among patients with minute submucosal invasion and no lymphovascular invasion, LNM was only observed for tumor sizes ≥2.1 cm. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Because LNM risks are negligible, curative ESD could be considered in patients with ulcerative EGC that is confined to the mucosa and histologically differentiated, irrespective of tumor size. In addition, ESD can be attempted for ulcerative EGC with minute submucosal invasion and tumor size <2.1 cm.
Material characterization and failure analysis of through-silicon vias (2014)

In this paper, the effects of Cu microstructure on the mechanical properties of TSV and via extrusion are studied using two types of through-silicon vias (TSVs) with different grain size distributions. A direct correlation is found between the Cu grain size and the mechanical properties of the TSVs. An analytical model is used to explore the relationship between the mechanical properties and via extrusion. The results show that small and uniform grains in the Cu vias led to smaller via extrusion. Such grain structures are effective for reducing via extrusion failure to improve TSV reliability.
Pseudo-affinity capture of cell culture derived influenza virus particles by sulphated cellulose membranes : an economic tool for vaccine production (2008)

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that can cause mild to severe symptoms and can lead to death. Control of annual spreading of influenza has centered on prophylactic vaccinations in combination with antiviral medications. Currently, efforts are undertaken to switch from conventional vaccine production processes using embryonated hen’s eggs, to continuous cell line cultures. Therefore, new downstream processing strategies have to be developed. One unit operation, which is often used in influenza virus purification, is column chromatography based on cellufine® sulphate. The main disadvantage of this method for this application is the limited flow rate due to the high back pressure, leading to a suboptimal productivity rate of the process.\n\n\nThe present study describes a capturing method for cell culture derived influenza viruses based on sulphated reinforced cellulose membranes. Purification studies have been done using different MDCK cell derived influenza virus strains: A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and B/Malaysia/2506/2004. Purification efficiency concerning viral yield as well as total protein and host cell dsDNA reduction using sulphated membranes was directly compared to commercially available cation exchange adsorbers and to column based cellufine® sulphate resin. The modified membranes achieved high product recoveries and contaminant reduction. Due to a fast binding kinetic and a low back pressure, membrane adsorbers enable to operate the capturing process at an increased flow rate. Hence, the productivity can be significantly enhanced making them to a valuable choice for industrial influenza vaccine production processes.
Genetic Evidence for Sites of Interaction Between the Gal3 and Gal80 Proteins of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL Gene Switch (2008)

Galactose-activated transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL genes occurs when Gal3 binds the Gal4 inhibitor, Gal80. Noninteracting variants of Gal3 or Gal80 render the GAL genes noninducible. To identify the binding determinants for Gal3's interaction with Gal80 we carried out GAL3-GAL80 intergenic suppression analyses and selected for new GAL3 mutations that impair the Gal3-Gal80 interaction. We show that a GAL3(C)-D368V mutation can suppress the noninducibility due to a GAL80(S-1)-G323R mutation, and a GAL80-M350C mutation can suppress the noninducibility due to a gal3-D111C mutation. A reverse two-hybrid selection for GAL3 mutations that impair the Gal3-Gal80 interaction yielded 12 single-amino-acid substitutions at residues that are predicted to be surface exposed on Gal3. The majority of the affected Gal3 residues localized to a composite surface that includes D111 and a sequence motif containing D368, which has been implicated in interaction with Gal80. The striking colocalization of intergenic suppressor residues and Gal80 nonbinder residues identifies a Gal3 surface that likely interacts with Gal80.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Plant 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase, a Molecular Target of Triketone-Type Herbicides (2003)

Homology modeling of plant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) was carried out using structural information on the Pseudomonas fluorescens enzyme as a template. A three-dimensional structural model of the barley enzyme was investigated in detail to compare its catalytic pocket with that of the Pseudomonas enzyme. Striking conservation of the catalytic pocket provided a rational basis for designing potent 4-HPPD inhibitors by the in silico docking of compounds and model/template enzymes.
Third-order nonlinearities studied by femtosecond infrared methods (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThird-order nonlinearities studied by femtosecond infrared methodsTianquan Lian, Yuriy Kholodenko, Bruce Locke, and Robin M. HochstrasserCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 19, 7272–7280Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100019a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100019a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts