gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does the Expression of Ki-67, p16 and COX-2 at Initial Diagnosis of Breast Atypia or Usual Ductal Hyperplasia Predict a Second Clinically Significant Event? (2015)

Background: Women diagnosed with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) have a fivefold increased risk of developing breast cancer. Because ADH/ALH can be precursors or predictive markers of a subsequent clinically significant event (SCSE), i.e. atypia, in situ or invasive carcinoma, the clinical outcome for these patients ranges anywhere from remission to invasive malignancy. Currently we cannot predict which atypical breast lesion is likely to be associated with future cancer, resulting in aggressive management and, possibly, overtreatment. Kerlikowske et al. reported that a combination of three biomarkers (cell cycle regulator p16INK4a, proliferation antigen Ki-67 and stress response enzyme COX-2) predicted risk of progression for ~50% of women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and treated by lumpectomy alone. Purpose: To evaluate whether expression levels of p16, Ki-67 and COX-2 predict risk of development of a SCSE in patients initially diagnosed with breast atypia (ADH or ALH) or usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH). Methods: Patients with an initial diagnosis of pure ADH/ALH were identified by medical record review and the lesion confirmed by a single pathologist blinded to original diagnosis. Twelve women who developed a SCSE (cases) were matched to 44 women who did not (controls) at least 5 years after initial diagnosis. Archived tissues were stained for p16INK4a, Ki67 and COX-2 using “multiplex immunohistochemistry,” enabling simultaneous interrogation of expression levels of the three biomarkers in a single tissue section. Results: Our multiplex analysis revealed that expression levels of Ki-67, p16INK4a or COX-2, either in epithelial cells within the lesion or in stromal cells adjacent to the lesion, either individually or in combination, do not predict the development of a SCSE in women initially diagnosed with ADH/ALH or UDH. However, this analysis identified double- or triple-positive cells in the vicinity of the lesions in some cases and controls. Conclusion: Expression of Ki-67, p16INK4a and COX-2 is not predictive of a SCSE following initial diagnosis of ADH/ALH or UDH. Further analysis is needed on a larger cohort after longer follow-up after initial diagnosis to confirm our findings and to investigate whether the presence of double- or triple-positive cells (a signature predicted to correlate with poor outcome) is predictive of progression regardless of the expression status of the lesion.
An Edge Correlation Based Differentially Private Network Data Release Method (2017)

Differential privacy (DP) provides a rigorous and provable privacy guarantee and assumes adversaries’ arbitrary background knowledge, which makes it distinct from prior work in privacy preserving. However, DP cannot achieve claimed privacy guarantees over datasets with correlated tuples. Aiming to protect whether two individuals have a close relationship in a correlated dataset corresponding to a weighted network, we propose a differentially private network data release method, based on edge correlation, to gain the tradeoff between privacy and utility. Specifically, we first extracted the Edge Profile (PF) of an edge from a graph, which is transformed from a raw correlated dataset. Then, edge correlation is defined based on the PFs of both edges via Jenson-Shannon Divergence (JS-Divergence). Secondly, we transform a raw weighted dataset into an indicated dataset by adopting a weight threshold, to satisfy specific real need and decrease query sensitivity. Furthermore, we propose <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ϵ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-correlated edge differential privacy (CEDP), by combining the correlation analysis and the correlated parameter with traditional DP. Finally, we propose network data release (NDR) algorithm based on the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">ϵ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-CEDP model and discuss its privacy and utility. Extensive experiments over real and synthetic network datasets show the proposed releasing method provides better utilities while maintaining privacy guarantee.
Autonomic Neurodermatology (Part II): Disorders of Sweating and Flushing (1992)

See also: Autonomic Neurodermatology (Part I): Erythromelalgia, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, and Livedo ReticularisSemin Neurol 1992; 12(04): 385-393DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1041195
Surface moisture and temperature trends anticipate drought conditions linked to wildfire activity in the Iberian Peninsula (2016)

In this study, drought conditions involving risk of fires are detected applying SMOS-derived soil moisture data and land surface temperature models. Moisture-temperature (SM-LST) patterns studied between 2010 and 2014 were linked to main fire regimes in the Iberian Peninsula. Most wildfires burned in warm and dry soils, but the analysis of pre-fire conditions differed among seasons. Absolute values of SM-LST were useful to detect prone- to-fire conditions during summer and early autumn. Complementarily, SM-LST anomalies were related to droughts and high fire activity in October 2011 and February-March 2012. These episodes were coincident with abnormally anticyclonic atmospheric conditions. Results show that combined trends of new soil moisture space-borne data and temperature models could enhance fire risk assessment capabilities. This contribution should be helpful to face the expected increase of wildfire activity derived from climate change.
Appendix C: Summary of Numerical Differentiation and Integration (2008)

This appendix contains sections titled: Numerical Differentiation Numerical Integration
Lessons learned from microgrid implementation at electric utility (2018)

In recent years, the topic of microgrids has become one of the most commonly debated issues at numerous conferences. Microgrids gained even more traction after hurricanes Harvey and Irma knocked out the power to almost 10 million people in southeast US. The development and advances in technology, communications and distributed intelligence during the last decade have enabled the creation of microgrid test beds, that utilize distributed generation (DG) sources such as solar or wind farms, diesel or natural gas generators, batteries, fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP) and others. Since 2015, Duke Energy's Emerging Technologies Office has engineered, developed, installed, and commissioned three phases of its Mount Holly microgrid in North Carolina, with the main objective of trying to understand and investigate the engineering challenges of design, construction, commissioning and maintenance and operation of the microgrid, along with the development of distributed intelligence platform capabilities associated with microgrid control. This paper reflects the lessons learned from the implementation and operation of Mount Holly microgrid at Duke Energy.
Non-Orthogonal Pilot Designs with Collision Detection Capability for Grant-Free Access (2018)

In this paper we consider a densely deployed phantom cell system providing a low latency network for massive connectivity. Non-orthogonal pilot designs serve as a promising solution to support a large number of users but fast collision detection at the receiver is needed for low latency networks. Recently, a nice solution based on an on-off type non-orthogonal pilot design with collision detection capability has been proposed. It can serve more users than the orthogonal pilot design but at the cost of degraded channel estimation performance compared to the orthogonal optimum pilot design. We propose a new non-orthogonal pilot design with collision detection capability and improved channel estimation performance. An optimum threshold based detection criteria is developed. We further show that a dynamically calculated optimum threshold outperforms a fixed threshold based detection. Next, we investigated non-orthogonal pilot designs for fractional bandwidth allocation. We propose two new non-orthogonal pilot designs for physical resource block (PRB) based resource allocation. Both of the new designs support fast collision detection at the receiver. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed schemes provide equivalent or better channel estimation performance and support much more users than the orthogonal pilots defined in the current 4G standards.
Faster, Better, Cheaper: Solutions to the Atmospheric Shipping Emission Compliance and Attribution Conundrum (2023)

Global concerns regarding air quality have over the past decade led to the introduction of regulations by the International Maritime Organisation curbing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides (SOx, NOx). These limits were implemented initially in so-called “emission control areas”, defined where the density of shipping activity combines with large coastal population centres such as northwest Europe or eastern USA. However, any legislation requires a scientifically robust and rigorous monitoring program to ensure compliance and prove attribution to an individual vessel. We argue the case for adherence to the mantra “faster, better, cheaper”, where widespread adoption of independent low-cost solutions of onboard, in-stack sensors, combined with existing, globally ubiquitous satellite-based “automatic identification system” (AIS) data telemetry, provides an excellent solution to the affordable compliance and attribution conundrum for shipping companies and enforcement agencies alike. We present data from three field-campaigns which have significantly advanced the concept of onboard real-time monitoring of atmospheric ship emissions.
Partitioning pairs of uncountable sets (2017)

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Widefield fluorescence microscopy with extended resolution (2008)

Widefield fluorescence microscopy is seeing dramatic improvements in resolution, reaching today 100 nm in all three dimensions. This gain in resolution is achieved by dispensing with uniform Köhler illumination. Instead, non-uniform excitation light patterns with sinusoidal intensity variations in one, two, or three dimensions are applied combined with powerful image reconstruction techniques. Taking advantage of non-linear fluorophore response to the excitation field, the resolution can be further improved down to several 10 nm. In this review article, we describe the image formation in the microscope and computational reconstruction of the high-resolution dataset when exciting the specimen with a harmonic light pattern conveniently generated by interfering laser beams forming standing waves. We will also discuss extensions to total internal reflection microscopy, non-linear microscopy, and three-dimensional imaging.
Log-Based Process Fragment Querying to Support Process Design (2015)

In recent years, many approaches have been proposed to support business process design, for instance, by providing reference models, retrieving similar business processes or querying process fragments. However, these approaches are still labor-intensive, error-prone and time-consuming. Moreover, they have not yet fully exploited process event logs, which contain useful information about the real execution of business processes. In this paper, we present an innovative approach that extracts information from event logs to develop a useful tool to support the process design. Concretely, we extract the execution order of activities to build a neighborhood context for each activity. We match both activities' labels and their neighborhood contexts to compute the similarity between them. Finally, we propose a query language as a practical tool that allows process designers to query activities and their involved log-based process fragments based on the computed similarity. We developed an application to validate our approach as a proof of concept. We also performed experiments on a large public dataset and experimental results show that our approach is feasible and efficient.
Thyroid hormones control lysosomal enzyme activities in liver and skeletal muscle (1978)

Because protein degradation in liver and skeletal muscle is increased by thyroid hormones and decreased by thyroidectomy; we investigated the influence of thyroid hormones on the level of lysosomal enzymes. Hypophysectomized rats received daily injections of L-thyroxine or L-triiodothyronine. After 3 days of this regimen, homogenates of liver and skeletal muscle showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in the activities of cathepsin D, cathepsin B, and other lysosomal enzymes including leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and alpha-mannosidase. In liver, this effect reflected increased enzyme activity in the two subcellular fractions that normally contain lysosomes. Titration of cathepsin D with pepstatin indicated that the increase in this activity resulted from an increase in the number of enzyme molecules. These effects occurred with both pharmacologic (thyrotoxic) and physiologic (growth-promoting) doses of thyroid hormones. Liver and skeletal muscle from thyroidectomized rats had approximately 50% of the normal levels of lysosomal enzyme activities. Under these various conditions, heart and kidney, tissues in which protein degradation does not appear to be influenced by thyroid hormones, showed no significant changes in lysosomal hydrolases. Thus, thyroid hormones regulate proteolytic and other lysosomal enzyme activities in those tissues in which these hormones influence protein degradation. Many characteristic features of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism may result from changes in levels of lysosomal enzymes.
Preoperative vascular mapping for anterolateral thigh flap surgeries: A clinical trial of photoacoustic tomography imaging (2019)

PAT imaging matched the intraoperative findings within 10 mm. Preoperative vascular evaluation allows for the creation of a vascular map for facilitating ALT flap surgeries.
The Chemistry of Wet Etching (2010)

This chapter focuses on chemistry of wet etching for the silicon-containing materials: silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon (Si), and silicon nitride (Si3N4). Silicon-containing materials are etched with fluoride-based aqueous etch solutions or by water. In the latter case, acids are required to catalyze the dissolution reaction, or a base is needed to keep the reaction product, silicic acid, in solution. For the etching of silicon, an oxidation agent accelerates the reaction rate. The dissolution reaction of all the materials is described by a two-step cycle: (1) the activation of the surface monomolecular layer (Si-H to Si-OH or Si-F; Si-OH to Si-F; Si-NH2 to Si-OH or Si-F); and (2) dissolution of this activated layer that requires breaking Si-Si, Si-O, or Si-N bonds. Selectivity is obtained by modifying the chemical solution, and tuning the rate limiting step. Knowledge of these phenomena resulted in hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching of Si3N4 being selective towards SiO2. Controlled Vocabulary Terms etching; silicon; wetting
Near-infrared hybrid plasmonic multiple quantum well nanowire lasers (2017)

The lasing characteristics of hybrid plasmonic AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) nanowire (NW) lasers beyond diffraction limit have been investigated by 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations. The results show that the hybrid plasmonic MQW NW has lower threshold gain over a broad diameter range in comparison with its photonic counterpart. Beyond the diffraction limit, the hybrid plasmonic MQW NW has a lowest threshold gain of 788 cm<sup>-1</sup> at a diameter of 130 nm, and a cutoff diameter of 80 nm, half that of the photonic lasers. In comparison with the hybrid plasmonic core-shell NWs, the hybrid plasmonic MQW NWs exhibit significantly lower threshold gain, higher Purcell factor, and smaller cutoff diameter, which are attributed to the superior overlap between the hybrid plasmonic modes and gain medium, as well as a stronger optical confinement due to the grating-like effect of MQW structures. Moreover, the hybrid plasmonic MQW NW has a lower threshold gain than that of the core-shell NW over a broad wavelength range. The hybrid plasmonic MQW NW structure is promising for ultrasmall and low-consumption near-infrared nanolasers.
ESR Studies of Single Crystals of Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Conductor with Octaiodinemercurate Anion (BEDT‐TTF)4Hg3I8 (1989)

Abstract The electron spin resonance g ‐value, linewidth, and spin susceptibility of single crystals of bis‐(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene‐based conductor with octaiodinemercurate anion, (BEDT‐TTF) 4 Hg 3 I 8 , are found to show pronounced temperature dependences in the T ‐range from 20 to 300 K. A first‐order phase transition of the type semiconductor–semiconductor is observed at 265 K; it is associated with ordering of HgI 4 tetrahedra in the crystal lattice. Discussion of the line‐shape and other ESR parameters is given.
Voltage THD Reduction for Dual-Inverter Fed Open-End Load With Isolated DC Sources (2016)

In this paper, the near-state pulse width modulation (NSPWM), adapted to be used in dual-voltage source inverter (VSI) fed open-end load, is introduced primarily aiming to appreciably minimize the voltage total harmonic distortion (THD). Within the framework of the proposed method, the active time of pulses at the second inverter is relatively adjusted within switching interval (compared to the first VSI). The phase voltage harmonics are formulated for dual-inverter modulated by NSPWM; then, optimal adjustment is identified via a three-dimensional curve of phase voltage THD versus modulation index (MI) and phase angle displacement (PAD). Due to the limitation of MI in NSPWM, the desired output voltage is synthesized with modifying not only MI but also PAD between references of two VSIs. Furthermore, NSPWM inherently takes advantage of better efficiency compared to conventional space vector modulation due to switching only two phases within an interval (by clamping one phase to positive/negative dc-rail). The dual-VSI supplied by two isolated dc sources is assembled in the laboratory to experimentally evaluate the THD reduction feature of the proposed method; also, the simulation results obtained by means of a MATLAB/Simulink environment show close agreement with experimental data.
The Analysis of the Autoinducer Gene Expression Related Quorum Sensing Mechanism in Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (2006)

Purpose: Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) frequently occurs in the patients with an indwelling Foley catheter, and it can cause serious morbidity or mortality. However, there have been no reports about quorum sensing mechanisms in indwelling Foley catheter. It's our purpose to find out the quorum sensing mechanisms of isolated bacteria from biofilm in Foley catheters. Materials and Methods: Silicone Foley catheters were placed in 90 patients with neurogenic bladders. At the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 30th day after the catheters were placed, the catheters were removed and the biofilm formations were evaluated by routine culture and microscopy. The ygaG gene, which was reported to be an autoinducer synthase gene was carried out cloning in E. coli. The quantity of the mRNA expression of the ygaG gene was analyzed according to the time by competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: 289 different types of bacteria were isolated by cultivation. The most common species were Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus and Escherichia species. The autoinducer synthase gene, such as the ygaG gene for Escherichia coli, was detected by RT-PCR. On competitive RT-PCR of the ygaG gene, the mRNA expression was 3.77x10copies/μl at the 3rd day, 5.94x10copies/μl at the 5th day, 8.07x10copies/μl at the 7th day, 2.51x10copies/μl at the 14th day and 6.81x10copies/μl at the 30th day. Therefore, the expression of the autoinducer synthase gene was observed at the early insertion period and it was then maintained. Conclusions: This is the first study to document the autoinducer synthase gene expression associated quorum sensing mechanism in CAUTI. The quorum sensing mechanism may be a new target for the management of CAUTI. (Korean J Urol 2006;47:945-952)
Cooperative C−H···O Hydrogen Bonding in CO2−Lewis Base Complexes:  Implications for Solvation in Supercritical CO2 (2002)

Understanding the fundamental principles for the design of CO(2)-philic materials is of growing importance due to the potential for enabling "green" chemistry and technologies in liquid and supercritical CO(2) as alternative solvent systems. Recently, there have been numerous efforts to develop hydrocarbon-based CO(2)-philes containing carbonyl groups, which are known to interact through a Lewis acid-Lewis base (LA-LB) interaction with CO(2) molecules, thereby providing the necessary solvation energy for dissolution. In this work, we investigate the role of a weaker, but cooperative, C-H...O hydrogen bond as an additional stabilizing interaction in the solvation of polycarbonyl moieties with hydrogen atoms attached directly to the carbonyl carbon or to the alpha-carbon atom. Ab initio calculations are performed on simple intermolecular complexes of CO(2) with compounds capable of acting as Lewis bases. Systems studied in different interaction configurations include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and methyl acetate, as model carbonyl compounds, and dimethyl sulfoxide as a model system for the sulfonyl group. Interaction energies, vibrational frequencies, charge transfer, and other molecular properties are calculated. Results indicate that C-H...O hydrogen bonds may be an important stabilizing interaction that merits consideration in the design of future CO(2)-philes.
Anion-induced robust ferroelectricity in sulfurized pseudo-rhombohedral epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films via polarization rotation (2023)

Polarization rotation caused by various strains, such as substrate and/or chemical strain, is essential to control the electronic structure and properties of ferroelectric materials. This study proposes anion-induced polarization rotation with chemical strain, which effectively improves ferroelectricity. A method for the sulfurization of BiFeO<sub>3</sub> thin films by introducing sulfur anions is presented. The sulfurized films exhibited substantial enhancement in room-temperature ferroelectric polarization through polarization rotation and distortion, with a 170% increase in the remnant polarization from 58 to 100.7 μC cm<sup>-2</sup>. According to first-principles calculations and the results of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, this enhancement arose from the introduction of S atoms driving the re-distribution of the lone-pair electrons of Bi, resulting in the rotation of the polarization state from the [001] direction to the [110] or [111] one. The presented method of anion-driven polarization rotation might enable the improvement of the properties of oxide materials.