gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant-Directed Atomic to Mesoscale Alignment: Metal Nanocrystals Encased Individually in Single-Crystalline Porous Nanostructures (2014)

Composite nanomaterials are attractive for a diverse range of applications in catalysis, plasmonics, sensing, imaging, and biology. In such composite nanomaterials, it is desired, yet still challenging to create a controlled alignment between components with lattices in disparate scales. To address this challenge, we report a new concept of colloidal synthesis, in which self-assembled molecular layers control the alignment between materials during the synthesis. To illustrate this concept, self-assembled cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules are used to control interfaces in a core-shell nanocomposite with a well-defined metal nanocrystal core and a metal-organic-framework (MOF) shell, which differ in structural dimensions by orders of magnitude. We show that single metal nanocrystals are captured individually in single-crystalline MOFs, and an alignment between the {100} planes of the metal and {110} planes of the MOFs is observed. By utilizing the same concept, a layer of mesostructured silica is formed over MOF crystals. These multilayered core-shell structures demonstrate a controlled alignment across a wide range of materials, from the metal nanocrystals, extending to nanoporous MOFs and mesostructured silica.
Solvent-Free Secondary Growth of Highly b-Oriented MFI Zeolite Films from Anhydrous Synthetic Powder (2019)

Up to date, zeolite films have been mainly fabricated by in situ crystallization, secondary growth in a solution/hydrogel, or occasionally by vapor phase transformation of dry gel. Here we demonstrate for the first time a solvent-free secondary growth method for b-oriented silica MFI zeolite films using the synthetic powder from ground anhydrous raw solids in the presence of NH<sub>4</sub>F. Typically, precisely b-oriented MFI zeolite films are synthesized from seed layers of highly b-oriented MFI zeolite crystals in the synthetic powder of 1SiO<sub>2</sub>:0.035TPABr:0.05NH<sub>4</sub>F at 175 °C for 6 h. If needed, b-oriented MFI zeolite multilayer films can be acquired by changing the synthesis time or the amount of NH<sub>4</sub>F in the synthetic powder. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal synthesis, the approach developed here may provide a new avenue for fabricating high quality zeolite films/membranes.
VEGF effect on vascular permeability is mediated by synthesis of platelet-activating factor (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein synthesized and secreted by a variety of normal and neoplastic cells, serves as an endothelial cell-specific mitogen and a potent angiogenic factor. Intradermal injection of VEGF increases vascular permeability, a critical event in inflammation and angiogenesis. We sought to identify which tissues are responsive to the inflammatory effect of VEGF, to investigate the mechanisms by which VEGF increases vascular permeability, and to establish whether mediators of inflammation such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) play a role in this regard. Intravenous injection of VEGF (0.001-0.1 nmol/kg) into rats induced dose-dependent protein extravasation in vascular beds of certain tissues up to 177% over control levels. In some tissues, the elevation in vascular permeability in vivo was abolished completely by selective PAF-receptor antagonists. Moreover, VEGF (10(-11) to 10(-9) M) was found to increase PAF synthesis in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells up to 20-fold. Our results suggest that VEGF increases vascular permeability by inducing PAF synthesis.
Glycosylated Natural Products (2003)

Introduction A Summary of Bioactive Glycosylated Secondary Metabolites Agents that Interact with DNA Enediynes Bleomycins Diazobenzofluorenes Anthracyclines Pluramycins Aureolic Acids Agents that Interact with RNA Orthosomycins Macrolides Aminoglycosides Amicetins Agents that Interact with Cell Walls and Cell Membranes Non-Ribosomal Peptides Polyenes Saccharomicins Agents that Interact with Proteins Indolocarbazoles Coumarins Benzoisochromanequinones Avermectins Angucyclines Cardiac Glycosides Lignans Anthraquinone Glycosides Ginsenosides Glycoalkaloids Glucosinolates Agents that Interact with Other (or Undefined) Targets Plant Phenolics Mono- and Triterpenoid Glycosides Plant Polymeric Natural Glycosides Conclusions References
Acrylic Fragmentation in Total Hip Replacements and Its Biological Consequences (1992)

Loosening of total joint prostheses is in part related to the fragmentation of the acrylic cement mantle surrounding the prosthesis and the biologic consequences to the particulate acrylic. Fractographic studies of femoral cement mantles retrieved at revision surgery and autopsy showed frequent fractures in varying stages of development in the cement and wear at the fracture surfaces. Defects in the cement mantle, thin mantles, sharp corners on the prosthesis, separation at the cement mantle interface, and pores in the cement were frequently associated with cement fractures. The progressive fractures and wear led to the liberation of particulate acrylic debris into the surrounding tissues. The tissues at the bone-cement interface removed at revision surgery showed that a macrophage, giant-cell foreign-body granulomatous reaction occurs in response to the particulate, but not bulk cement. This tissue can produce a variety of chemical mediators of inflammation and bone resorption, and can resorb bone in organ cultures. A granulomatous tissue reaction with a very similar appearance can be produced in experimental animals using particulate-form polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), but not the bulk form of PMMA. The tissue reaction is not mediated by the classic cell or humeral immune mechanisms. Subcutaneous injection of particulate PMMA powder into fully immunocompetent C3Hf/SED mice as well as three strains of mice with progressive immunologic deficiencies (nude/nude, SCID, and triple deficient Nu-bg-XID/SED mice) led to a foreign-body reaction in all strains at five weeks as shown by histologic and immunohistochemical examination despite the differences in immune deficiency. This, along with the scarcity of lymphocytes in the human tissues, suggests that the biologic reactions to fragmented cement can be produced and sustained by nonimmune phagocytosis and activation by macrophages and giant cells without significant contribution by the immune system.
P3‐115: Neuroinflammation Correlates with Hippocampus Atrophy in Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by two alterations that are the consequence of b-amyloid accumulation: neuroinflammation and hippocampus atrophy. We investigated possible correlations between these two AD-associated phenomena using structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to evaluate hippocampal volume (Hv) and immunologic analyses to analyze neuroinflammation. Immunological analyses were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells; MRI analyses were based on high resolution 3D images acquired on a 1.5 T scanner using dedicated softwares (FSL – First). Results obtained in 30 AD individuals showed the presence of statistically significant: 1) positive correlations between left Hv and b-amyloid-stimulated CD14+ cells that produce IL-10 producing or express CD200; and 2) negative correlation between left Hv and b-amyloid specific-CD4+ ROR+ T cells. These correlations are immunologically sound as: 1) Interleukin -10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine; 2) the interaction of CD200 protein with CD200R, its receptor, on glia cell, inhibits immune stimulatory responses in CNS and enhance microglia-mediated b-amyloid clearance; and 3) CD4+ ROR+ T cells identify the proinflammatory TH17 subset of circulating lymphocytes. The observation that reduced Hv correlates with an impairment of anti-inflammatory b-amyloid -specific peripheral monocytes and, conversely, with a higher percentage of circulating proinflammatory TH17 b-amyloid-specific T lymphocytes strongly suggest that neuroinflammation and hippocampus atrophy are indeed correlated in AD and indicate that monitoring of immune cells in peripheral blood could have a prognostic value in this disease.
Preparation of an aromatic hydroxylamine and some cyclic hydroxamic acids, and their reaction with hydrochloric acid (1970)

The reduction of 2,3-dimethyl-4-(o-nitrophenylthio)-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one by sodium borohydride and palladium–charcoal gave the corresponding hydroxylamine. The action of hydrochloric acid on this hydroxylamine gave the p-chloroamine. In a similar manner, treatment of some 2H-1,4-benzothiazine and -benzoxazine hydroxamic acids with hydrochloric acid resulted in the formation of 7-chloro-2H-1,4-benzothiazine and -benzoxazine lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Photophysical Characterization of Novel Pentacyclic Red Shifted Azine Dyes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrostatic discharge sensitivity of giant magnetoresistive recording heads (1997)

In this article electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage to giant magnetoresistive (GMR) recording heads is studied for the first time. The ESD failure threshold was measured using an extremely short duration (1 ns) metal contact ESD transient. The failure energy required to melt the GMR recording head was 2.3 nJ, about half of the 5 nJ of energy needed to melt a conventional anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) head design. Scanning electron microscope scans of ESD damaged AMR and GMR heads show localized melting of the sensors. It is concluded that recording heads with GMR sensors, planned for use in the near future, will have significantly lower ESD failure thresholds than AMR recording heads in use today. Finally, scaling arguments show that an AMR head design with the same reduced cross-sectional area of the GMR head has a comparable ESD failure threshold.
Privately detecting correlations in distributed time series (2010)

In this paper, we consider privacy preservation in the context of independently owned, distributed time series data. Specifically, we are interested in discovering correlations even though we cannot share the raw time series values. We propose developing a generic framework for identifying similarities or correlations of a particular behavior or statistic across participants. Our generic framework makes use of the additive combining property of certain statistics. It also allows for sharing of scaled bin values instead of raw data or statistical values to improve levels of privacy. We find that while there is a natural trade off between privacy and accuracy, we can maintain reasonable correlation accuracy for different levels of privacy.
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of additives present in broiler chicken feed and meat and their implications for human health. (2018)

Organic chickens were found to be safer for consumption than commercial chickens.
A method for the optimal design of composite continuum structures (1998)

Introduction The model presented here comprises an application of the approach to formulation of optimal design problems where the modulus tensor of the elastic structural continuum material appears in the role of design variable [ see e.g. Bends<j)e et al (1994) ]. A procedure used in conjunction with this model to generate results for optimal layout (topology), namely the weighted unit relative cost method described in Guedes & Taylor (1997), is exploited for present purposes to predict the configuration of reinforcing material in composite structures. The procedure leads from a design at the start having continuously varying material properties through a stepwise procedure to the result providing the layout in the composite of concentrated reinforcement. The stepwise procedure is described in the form of an algorithm. Experience with its implementation for computational treatment indicates that the method is dependable and robust. Results for application of the method to the design of a cylindrical structure with relatively low volume ratio (sparse), and to the prediction of an optimal composite beam are described.
Silver‐Mediated Base Pairs in DNA Incorporating Purines, 7‐Deazapurines, and 8‐Aza‐7‐deazapurines: Impact of Reduced Nucleobase Binding Sites and an Altered Glycosylation Position (2017)

Formation of silver-mediated DNA was studied with oligonucleotides incorporating 8-aza-7-deazapurine, 7-deazapurine, and purine nucleosides. The investigation was performed on non-self-complementary duplexes with one or two modifications and self-complementary duplexes with an alternating dA-dT motif. Homo base pairs as well as base pair mismatches of dA analogues with dC and Watson-Crick pairs with dT were studied by stoichiometric silver ion titration and T<sub>m</sub> measurements. N<sup>8</sup> -Glycosylated 8-aza-7-deazaadenine forms silver-ion-mediated base pairs capturing two silver ions (low silver content) whereas regularly glycosylated 8-aza-7-deazapurine, 7-deazapurine (c<sup>7</sup> A<sub>d</sub> ), and dA do not form comparable structures. Stable silver-mediated "dA-dC" base pair mismatches were detected for all nucleosides. Two silver ions per base pair are bound by 8-aza-7-deazapurine whereas c<sup>7</sup> A<sub>d</sub> binds only one silver ion. The situation is different when the equivalents of silver ions were increased to the number of total base pairs. Surprisingly, in 12-mer duplexes as well as in related 25-mer duplexes every base pair consumed one silver ion.
The possible role of peripheral refraction in development of myopia (2016)

Recent longitudinal studies do not support the current theory of relative peripheral hyperopia causing myopia. The theory is based on misunderstanding of the Hoogerheide et al. article of 1971, which actually found relative peripheral hyperopia to be present after, rather than before, myopia development. The authors present two alternative theories of the role of peripheral refraction in the development and progression of myopia. The one for which most detail is given is based on cessation of ocular growth when the periphery is at an emmetropic stage as determined by equivalent blur of the two line foci caused by oblique astigmatism. This paper is based on an invited commentary on the role of lens treatments in myopia from the 15th International Myopia Conference in Wenzhou, China in September 2015.
Phase II prospective study on trabectedin (T) in BRCA-mutated and BRCAness phenotype advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) patients (pts): The MITO 15 trial. (2014)

5530^ Background: T is a minor groove DNA binding agent with suggested activity in homologous recombinant defective (HRD) pts. This prospective phase II study was designed to evaluate activity of T in BRCA mutated and BRCAness phenotype AOC pts. The trial was partially supported by Pharma-Mar. Methods: AOC pts with documented BRCA mutation or BRCAness phenotype defined as at least 2 previous response to platinum (P), were treated with T (1.3 mg/m2q 21 i.v.) until disease progression. According to the number (N) of previous P responses, pts were stratified in moderately P sensitive (MPS, <3 P responses) and highly P sensitive (HPS, > 3 previous P responses). Results: 100 pts were enrolled and 88 were evaluable for response (52MPS, 46 HPS) after a median FU of 6 months (range: 1.5-20). Patient characteristics: median age 59 (range 49-73); 86% of tumours were serous and 60% were grade 3; median N of previous chemotherapy lines was 4 (range 2-14); median N of administered T cycles/pt was 6 (1-15), median cumulative T dose 11.0 mg/m2(range 1.9-30). In the whole population ORR was 41%, media PFS 18 weeks and median OS was not reached (NR). Oncologic outcome according to P sensitivity is shown in the Table. Among 518 administered cycles the most frequent Grade 3-4 haematological toxicities (per cycle) were: neutropenia 17.3%, leukopenia 7.7%, anemia 2.7%, thrombocytopenia 2.3%; the most frequent non-haematological Grade 3 toxicity was transaminitis 5.2%. Evaluation of responses according to BRCA mutational status, expression profiling and DNA polymorphisms of genes involved in DNA repair is ongoing. Conclusions: T represents a valuable treatment option in the specific setting of AOC pts showing multiple platinum responses. Clinical trial information: 2011-001298-17. MPS 46 pts (%) HPS 42 pts (%) Complete responses 0 4 (9.5) Partial responses (PR) 15 (32.6) 17 (40.5) Overall response rate (ORR) 15 (32.6) 21 (50) Stabilizations of disease (SD) 12 (26.1) 10 (23.8) Progression of disease 19 (41.3) 11 (26.2) Progression-free survival (PFS, weeks) 11 24 Overall survival (OS, weeks) 40 NR
Emerging Models for the Molecular Basis of Mammalian Circadian Timing (2014)

Mammalian circadian timekeeping arises from a transcription-based feedback loop driven by a set of dedicated clock proteins. At its core, the heterodimeric transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 activates expression of Period, Cryptochrome, and Rev-Erb genes, which feed back to repress transcription and create oscillations in gene expression that confer circadian timing cues to cellular processes. The formation of different clock protein complexes throughout this transcriptional cycle helps to establish the intrinsic ∼24 h periodicity of the clock; however, current models of circadian timekeeping lack the explanatory power to fully describe this process. Recent studies confirm the presence of at least three distinct regulatory complexes: a transcriptionally active state comprising the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer with its coactivator CBP/p300, an early repressive state containing PER:CRY complexes, and a late repressive state marked by a poised but inactive, DNA-bound CLOCK:BMAL1:CRY1 complex. In this review, we analyze high-resolution structures of core circadian transcriptional regulators and integrate biochemical data to suggest how remodeling of clock protein complexes may be achieved throughout the 24 h cycle. Defining these detailed mechanisms will provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of circadian timing and help to establish new platforms for the discovery of therapeutics to manipulate the clock.
Solubility of Tiamulin Hydrogen Fumarate in Acetone, Acetonitrile, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Formate, and Butyl Acetate from (288.2 to 318.2) K (2009)

Despite its biological importance, little is known about the solubility properties of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate in different solvents. This work presents solubility of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate in acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, and butyl acetate from (288.2 to 318.2) K at atmospheric pressure. The solubility data have been correlated by the Apelblat equation.
Fabrication of micropored elastomeric film‐covered stents and acute‐phase performances (2002)

To prevent thrombus formation in the acute phase and restenosis in the subacute to chronic phase after stenting of atherosclerotic arteries, we developed a covered stent with a micropored elastomeric film, the blood-contacting surface of which was coated with a photocured gelatin layer immobilized with heparin. Segmented polyurethane (SPU) film (30 microm in wall thickness) as a cover material was multiply micropored by excimer laser-directed microprocessing (pore diameter, 30 microm; interpore distance, 125 microm). An aqueous mixed solution of benzophenone-derivatized gelatin and heparin was coated on the micropored SPU film. Upon ultraviolet light irradiation, a thin layer of a gelatin gel immobilized with heparin was formed and simultaneously fixed on the SPU film. The fully covered stents were assembled by wrapping a balloon-expandable stent with gelatin/heparin gel-layered SPU film and subsequently suturing and then gluing. To assess the validity of this covered stent in vivo, "half-covered" stents, in which half at the distal side was covered with the gel-layered SPU film, was implanted in rabbit common carotid arteries (about 3 mm in diameter). After 3 months of implantation, all the half-covered stents (n = 7) were patent. Regardless of the covered or noncovered region of the stents, the entire luminal surface of the stents was fully endothelialized and a thin neointimal tissue was formed. The potential advantages of a covered stent as designed above are discussed.
Synthesis of All Eight L‐Glycopyranosyl Donors Using CH Activation (2014)

Abstract The synthesis of all eight rare, but biologically important L ‐hexoses as the according thioglycosyl donors was achieved through a procedure involving the CH activation of their corresponding 6‐deoxy‐ L ‐hexoses. The key steps of the procedure were the silylation of the OH group at C4 followed by an intramolecular CH activation of the methyl group in γ‐position; both steps were catalyzed by iridium. The following Fleming–Tamao oxidation and acetylation gave the suitably protected L ‐hexoses. This is the first general method for the preparation of all eight L ‐hexoses as their thioglycosyl donors ready for glycosylation and the first example of an iridium‐catalyzed C(sp 3 )H activation on sulfide‐containing compounds.
Left ventricular shape predicts different types of cardiovascular events in the general population (2016)

In a multiethnic population free of CVD at baseline, lowest sphericity was a predictor of incident CHD, CVD and HF over a 10-year follow-up period. Extreme sphericity was a strong predictor of incident HF and AF. SVI improved risk prediction models beyond established risk factors only for HF, but not for all CVD or CHD.
Metagenomic Approach for Identification of the Pathogens Associated with Diarrhea in Stool Specimens (2015)

The potential to rapidly capture the entire microbial community structure and/or gene content makes metagenomic sequencing an attractive tool for pathogen identification and the detection of resistance/virulence genes in clinical settings. Here, we assessed the consistency between PCR from a diagnostic laboratory, quantitative PCR (qPCR) from a research laboratory, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) for Clostridium difficile identification in diarrhea stool samples. Twenty-two C. difficile-positive diarrhea samples identified by PCR and qPCR and five C. difficile-negative diarrhea controls were studied. C. difficile was detected in 90.9% of C. difficile-positive samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and C. difficile was detected in 86.3% of C. difficile-positive samples using MSS. CFU inferred from qPCR analysis were positively correlated with the relative abundance of C. difficile from 16S rRNA gene sequencing (r(2) = -0.60) and MSS (r(2) = -0.55). C. difficile was codetected with Clostridium perfringens, norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, and anellovirus in 3.7% to 27.3% of the samples. A high load of Candida spp. was found in a symptomatic control sample in which no causative agents for diarrhea were identified in routine clinical testing. Beta-lactamase and tetracycline resistance genes were the most prevalent (25.9%) antibiotic resistance genes in these samples. In summary, the proof-of-concept study demonstrated that next-generation sequencing (NGS) in pathogen detection is moderately correlated with laboratory testing and is advantageous in detecting pathogens without a priori knowledge.