gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threshold investigation of oxide-confined vertical-cavity laser diodes (1996)

We report an experimental and theoretical analysis of the threshold properties of infrared oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers. We find good agreement between experiment and theory on the wavelength dependencies of the threshold current density and intrinsic voltage. The threshold voltage is shown to equal the sum of the calculated quasi-Fermi energy separation and the ohmic drop arising from a record low 17 to 30 Ω series resistance in these vertical-cavity lasers. Our analysis provides two independent means for determining the material threshold gain. A threshold gain of 500 cm−1 is found for these oxide-confined lasers, which is half that estimated for ion-implanted lasers with inferior electrical and optical confinement.
Electrical Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Devices Prepared with Single Oxidative Point Defects (2011)

A thorough understanding of how electrons pass through point defects in carbon nanotubes is crucial for building carbon nanotube devices. We have generated point defects in the sidewalls of pristine carbon nanotubes via voltage pulses from a conducting atomic force microscope probe and studied the resulting changes in electron transport properties. We find that the incorporation of an oxidative defect leads to a variety of possible electrical signatures including sudden switching events, resonant scattering, and breaking of the symmetry between electron and hole transport. We discuss the relationship between these different electronic signatures and the chemical structure/charge state of the defect. Tunneling through a defect-induced Coulomb barrier is modeled with numerical Verlet integration of Schrodinger’s equation and compared with experimental results.
Cache-Aided Scalar Linear Function Retrieval (2020)

In the shared-link coded caching problem, formulated by Maddah-Ali and Niesen (MAN), each cache-aided user demands one file (i.e., single file retrieval). This paper generalizes the MAN problem so as to allow users to request scalar linear functions (aka, linear combinations with scalar coefficients) of the files. We propose a novel coded delivery scheme, based on MAN uncoded cache placement, that allows for the decoding of arbitrary scalar linear functions of the files on arbitrary finite fields. Surprisingly, it is shown that the load for cache-aided scalar linear function retrieval depends on the number of linearly independent functions that are demanded, akin to the cache-aided single-file retrieval problem where the load depends on the number of distinct file requests. The proposed scheme is proved to be optimal under the constraint of uncoded cache placement, in terms of worst-case load, and within a factor 2 otherwise.
Data from Generation of a Mouse Model of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System through Combined Deletion of Snf5 and p53 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Malignant rhabdoid tumors arise in several anatomic locations and are associated with poor outcomes. In the brain, these tumors are known as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT). While genetically engineered models for malignant rhabdoid tumors exist, none of them recapitulate AT/RT, for which preclinical models remain lacking. In the majority of AT/RT, LOH occurs at the genetic locus SNF5 (Ini1/BAF47/Smarcb1), which functions as a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic malignant rhabdoid tumors. Therefore, we generated mice in which Snf5 was ablated specifically in nestin-positive and/or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system (CNS). Snf5 ablation in nestin-positive cells resulted in early lethality that could not be rescued by loss of p53. However, Snf5 ablation in GFAP-positive cells caused a neurodegenerative phenotype exacerbated by p53 loss. Notably, these double mutants exhibited AT/RT development, associated with an earlier failure in granule neuron migration in the cerebellum, reduced neuronal projections in the hippocampus, degeneration of the corpus callosum, and ataxia and seizures. Gene expression analysis confirmed that the tumors that arose in Snf5/p53 mutant mice were distinct from other neural tumors and most closely resembled human AT/RT. Our findings uncover a novel role for Snf5 in oligodendrocyte generation and survival, and they offer evidence of the first genetically engineered mouse model for AT/RT in the CNS. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(21); 4629–39. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optical Approaches To The Helmet Mounted Display (1989)

The design of an optical system for a helmet mounted display (HMD) is particularly demanding since the weight and center of gravity of the display is always critical. When major requirements include the ability to see through the display and to shape the package to wrap around the human head, the optical design becomes a challenge. Proven HMD optical design approaches and their relative merits are discussed.
Abstract: Flaps and Lower Extremity Trauma: Differences in Flap Rates Across the United States (2016)

INTRODUCTION: Open fractures with large soft tissue defects represent a challenging reconstructive problem. Successful attempts at limb salvage require a multi-disciplinary approach including early access to reconstructive plastic surgery. However, given the only recent rise in microsurgery, it is not yet known if this demand is being met. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using ICD-9CM codes, all adult patients presenting with open tibia fractures in the 2003–2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were included in the analysis. Flap rates during the index hospitalization were evaluated over time and against demographics, comorbidities, rates of amputation, and patient and hospital factors regarding access to care. NIS data was multiplied to its United States (US) population estimate. RESULTS: We identified 29,717 patients over 10 years, a predicted 14,859 open tibia fractures in the US per year, with a mean age of 41.24 ± 16.68 years. Yearly, 5.92% (n=879) of open tibia fractures receive local or free flap coverage on the index hospitalization. Younger age and peripheral vascular disease were significantly associated with increased rates of flaps (p<0.01). Other medical co-morbidities, including diabetes, and race were not associated. Medicare (p<0.01), patient zip code with a mean household income in the lower 25% (p<0.05), city less than 1 million people (p<0.05), small (p<0.01) or medium (p<0.05) hospitals, and rural or urban non-teaching hospitals (p<0.01) were all associated with significantly lower rates of flaps. Mean income greater than 50% (p<0.05), large hospitals (p=0.05), urban teaching hospitals (p<0.01), and metropolitan areas with at least 1 million people (p<0.01) were associated with significantly higher rates of flaps than the mean. East South Central had significantly lower flap rates (p<0.001) and higher amputation rates (p<0.01), and geographic regions with higher flap rates were New England (p<0.05), Mid Atlantic (p<0.001), and Mountain (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rates of flap coverage for open tibia fractures differ primarily based on factors related to access to care, and are not explained by differences in medical co-morbidities. Specifically, medically underserved areas of the country, as well as individuals without financial resources received flaps at lower rates and amputations at higher rates. These findings suggest that skilled lower extremity reconstruction is not universally applied to all Americans. Hospital administrators, insurance providers and the plastic surgery community must work together to support lower extremity reconstructive surgeons. DISCLOSURE/FINANCIAL SUPPORT:None of the authors have commercial associations or financial disclosures with a conflict of interest to the information presented here.
Creative experience in engineering design: the island exercise Experiencia creativa en ingeniería en diseño: el ejercicio de la isla (2014)

This work addresses the challenge of stimulating creative thought in higher education. With this aim in mind, the article describes the development of a collaborative creativity exercise designed to improve students' creative skills through self-perception of their strong and weak points. In this work the exercise is set out as a five-step methodology, which includes the determination of personality profiles using the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument and the design of an island, to be carried out by groups of students in the classroom. In this study, the exercise, which has been applied to first-year Technical Engineering in Industrial Design students for the last five years, is undertaken by different groups of students in five different sessions. Observations performed in the classroom and the results of the exercises, that is, both the islands that were designed and the choices made by the students, are used to draw the conclusions about the validity of the study. Moreover, the paper also compares the perceptions of the students who took part in the experiment this year and those who had done the exercise in previous years. The conclusions concern the style of working of each group of dominances, and highlight the effectiveness of the tool for enhancing students' creativity through self-reflection. The students' positive perceptions, even several years after doing the exercise, are good proof of this.
Detection of DNA Immobilization and Hybridization on Gold/Silver Nanostructures Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (2009)

In this study, we used localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) to observe a phenomenon of binding of DNA on Au and Au/Ag nanostructure arrays. Au and Au/Ag nanostructures of various geometric sizes and metal compositions were fabricated by colloidal lithography technique. The immobilization of capture DNA and subsequent hybridization with target DNA on the nanostructures caused the shift of maximum peak in LSPR spectra of the nanostructures. Using the peak shift, the immobilization of capture DNA was clearly verified in a nondestructive manner and hybridization with complementary target DNA was reliably differentiated from the non-specific binding with noncomplementary DNA. This work firmly implies that the LSPR spectra of the nanostructrues can be efficiently utilized to achieve a novel strategy for the detection of DNA on the nanostructures.
The Role of Culture Collections in the Era of Molecular Biology.: ATCC 50th Aniversary Symposium Held 23 September 1975 in Washington, D.C. Edited by Rita R. Colwell. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1976, 76 p., $12. (1976)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 4,7‐SUBSTITUTED PYRROLO(3,2‐D)PYRIMIDINES (1985)

Abstract Zur Prüfung auf antibakterielle und auf Antitumor‐Wirkung werden ‐ wie im Formelschema dargestellt ‐ einige Pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidine hergestellt.
Ti-Al-C MAX phases by aluminothermic reduction process (2008)

A new approach to synthesis of Ti2AlC-Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 compounds is developed based on thermite reaction in the TiO2-Al-C system. The effect of Al excess is also discussed. XRD analysis has proved that this parameter can be used to improve the product purity, i.e., the amount of TiC in the final product. It has also been shown that, with increasing Al excess, the composition of a major MAX phase undergoes a change from Ti2AlC to Ti3AlC2.
Highly reactive 2-deoxy-2-iodo-d-allo and d-gulo pyranosyl sulfoxide donors ensure β-stereoselective glycosylations with steroidal aglycones (2018)

The preparation of well-defined d-<i>xylo</i> and d-<i>ribo</i> glycosides represents a synthetic challenge due to the limited configurational availability of starting materials and the laborious synthesis of homogeneous 2-deoxy-β-glycosidic linkages, in particular that of the sugar-steroid motif, which represents the "stereoselective determining step" of the overall synthesis. Herein we describe the use of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-glycopyranosyl sulfoxides accessible from widely available d-xylose and d-ribose monosaccharides as privileged glycosyl donors that permit activation at very low temperature. This ensures a precise kinetic control for a complete 1,2-<i>trans</i> stereoselective glycosylation of particularly challenging steroidal aglycones.
ORGANICALLY ACCEPTABLE OILS FOR SCALE CONTROL IN KIWIFRUIT, 2006 (2008)

This trial was designed to test the efficacy of organically acceptable oils in a moderate scale population.The trial was
Twenty years of radiobiology in clinical practice: the Italian contribution. (2015)

The survey could be useful to individuate expert partners for an Italian network on clinical radiobiology, addressing future collaborative investigations.
Food-Borne Parasitic Diseases in China (2017)

Food-borne parasitic diseases are caused by eating raw or undercooked food that contains the infective parasite. The World Health Organization (WHO) has found that 7% of the world's foodborne diseases are caused by parasites, which is a major public health and socioeconomic problem. With economic development, ecological environmental changes, frequent population flow, as well as diversities of dietary source and style, food-borne parasitic diseases are exhibiting new epidemiological characteristics. In China, there is a high disease burden due to the variety of food-borne parasites with wide distributions, which is compounded by a high prevalence- and frequent occurrence- of food safety procedures. This review will summarize the current information on the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of Food-borne parasitic diseases in China, and highlight perspectives for control.
Enabling near real-time central control for live video delivery in CDNs (2014)

User-created live video streaming is marking a fundamental shift in the workload of live video delivery. However, live-video-specific challenges and the viral nature of user-created content makes it difficult for current CDNs to deliver 1) high-quality, 2) highly-scalable, and 3) highly-responsive service. We present the design and implementation of VDN, a new control plane for CDNs designed to optimize the delivery of live streams within the CDN. VDN satisfies these requirements by using two approaches: 1) optimizing directly for video quality (not just throughput) and 2) combining centralized control with local control, allowing VDN to adapt to traffic dynamics and network failures at fine timescales.
A new assay method for "N-Material" during soysauce manufacturing process using high-speed gel filtration. (1987)

N性物質が迅速に,しかも感度良く測定出来る方法を検討し,以下の結果を得た.(1) TSK-G 3000SWの高速ゲル濾過によりN性物質は,単一なピークとして検出された.(2) 変性処理大豆の酵素消化法は,粗プロテアーゼ酵素I.P.を酵素濃度300PU/mlを含むpH 7.0, 0.2Mリン酸緩衝液にて温度40℃, 2時間の消化で短時間処理が可能となった.(3) 新測定法では,濁度による従来法で定量出来ながった微量のN性物質量についても測定出来るようになった.(4) 蒸煮処理条件の異る試料についても,単一のピークとしてN性物質量を測定出来た.(5) N性物質の存在する試料では,仕込初期のN性物質量が6ヶ月後の熟成時に三分の一に減少した.また,ピーク高さ1mmは,0.0123mg/mlのN性物質量に相当した.(6) 脱脂ピーナッツの原料処理条件への検討にも,本法は適用出来た.以上,高速ゲル濾過による新測定法を開発した結果,その日のうちに変性処理原料中のN性物質量の有無が測定出来,原料処理装置の保守,管理が容易となった.
A Simple and Precise Aberrant Translocation of the Rat c-myc Gene into the ϵ-Heavy Chain Switch Region of the IgE-producing Immunocytoma, IR162 (1989)

We report a simple type of reciprocal chromosomal translocation in the LOU rat IgE-secreting immunocytoma cell line, IR162, involving the c-myc protooncogene and the switch region of the epsilon immunoglobulin heavy chain, c-myc/S epsilon. By cloning and sequencing the translocation-associated and the homologous normal c-myc and S epsilon DNAs, we have identified the position of the translocational junction in both the c-myc 5'-flanking region and the repetitive elements of the S epsilon region. The translocational recombination was precise, and no insertion or N-addition was found in the junctional region, leaving all the c-myc exons, together with two promoter sites, intact. RNase mapping confirmed that the same promoters were utilized in IR162 and normal LOU spleen cells. No point mutation was found in the 5'-flanking region and the 3'-portion of exon 1 of the translocated c-myc gene. However, the putative silencer region was lost with the translocation. It was also noticed that a strikingly AT-rich sequence associated with S epsilon region had translocated to the 5'-flanking region of c-myc gene. We discuss the possibility that a change of DNA topology, perhaps either due to the juxtaposition of an AT-rich sequence of the S epsilon region, or to the loss of the putative silencer element, may contribute to c-myc gene deregulation in IR162.
Supplementary Video 7 from Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 1119KB, Representative endogenous TPEF OPTICAL STACK E6E7 EETE.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Allelopathic Chemicals on Crop Productivity (1985)

Biochemical interactions among plants (allelopathy) result from the activity of a diverse group of compounds synthesized by higher plants and microorganisms. Commonly accepted representatives include scopoletin, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, amygdalin, patulin, and juglone. Allelopathic regulation of plant growth and development depends on the concentration, combination of substances, edaphic and climatic factors, interaction with other stresses, and species sensitivity. The source of allelochemicals in agricultural fields may be the weeds, crops, or microorganisms. Yields may be affected by (a) the inhibitory or stimulatory effect of a crop on the subsequent crop, (b) the capacity of crop plants to inhibit weeds, and (c) production losses due to allelopathic weeds. Allelochemical interference with germination or growth of a crop can occur from direct effects on metabolism, or indirectly through effects on nitrogen fixation and other microorganism activity. Many physiological processes are altered by allelopathic chemicals, but it has been difficult to determine the primary mechanism involved for a specific compound. Both avoidance and application strategies may be employed to utilize allelochemicals for improving crop production. These include management of crop sequences, utilization of allelopathic crop residues, breeding crops for weed control, and development of allelochemicals as herbicides.
Identification of 4-(Aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(phenoxy)pyridine Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious Inhibitors of the Copper-Dependent Amine Oxidase, Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2) (2017)

LOXL2 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of ε-amines of lysine and hydroxylysine residues within collagen and elastin, generating reactive aldehydes (allysine). Condensation with other allysines or lysines drives the formation of inter- and intramolecular cross-linkages, a process critical for the remodeling of the ECM. Dysregulation of this process can lead to fibrosis, and LOXL2 is known to be upregulated in fibrotic tissue. Small-molecules that directly inhibit LOXL2 catalytic activity represent a useful option for the treatment of fibrosis. Herein, we describe optimization of an initial hit 2, resulting in identification of racemic-trans-(3-((4-(aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)(3-fluoro-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone 28, a potent irreversible inhibitor of LOXL2 that is highly selective over LOX and other amine oxidases. Oral administration of 28 significantly reduced fibrosis in a 14-day mouse lung bleomycin model. The (R,R)-enantiomer 43 (PAT-1251) was selected as the clinical compound which has progressed into healthy volunteer Phase 1 trials, making it the "first-in-class" small-molecule LOXL2 inhibitor to enter clinical development.
Tight Thresholds for The Pure Literal Rule (1997)

We consider the threshold for the solvability of random k-SAT formulas (for k # 3) using the pure literal rule. We demonstrate how this threshold can be found by using differential equations to determine the appropriate limiting behavior of the pure literal rule. 1 Introduction We consider the problem of the performance of the pure literal rule in solving a random k-CNF satisfiability problem for k # 3. The probability space # k m,n is the set of all formulas in conjunctive normal form in n variables with m clauses each containing k literals. For example, the following formula is a member of # 2 4,3 : (x 1 # x 2 ) # (x 3 # x 2 ) # (x 2 # x 3 ) # ( x 1 # x 3 ). When we speak of a random formula, or more specifically of random k- CNF formula with m clauses and n variables, we shall mean a formula chosen uniformly at random from # k m,n . Note that an alternative way of thinking of such a formula is that we randomly fill each of the mk &amp;quot;holes&amp;quot; with one of the...
Intraoperative Medialization of Medial Rectus Muscle as a New Endoscopic Technique for Approaching Intraconal Lesions (2011)

Although technically challenging, the endoscopic approach to the orbit, even for intraconal lesions with medialization of the medial rectus muscle, can be safe and promising for well-selected cases. Good postoperative results and sufficient material acquisition for proper histological examination can be obtained. Advantages are good visualization of the surgical field and avoidance of external scars. Limitations to endoscopic techniques are tumors in the lateral superior and lateral inferior quadrant of the orbit.
Capillary Thinning of Polymeric Filaments (1998)

The capillary thinning of a polymeric filament is analysed experimentally as well as by means of numerical simulation. The experimental procedure is as follows. Initially a liquid sample is kept between two cylindrical plates. Then the bottom plate is lowered under gravity to yield a given strain. Thereby the sample is stretched into a filament. Provided the filament is sufficiently long, surface tension will induce a thinning of the filament until breakage in finite time. The experimental principle is sketched in Figure 1. This experiment was originally deviced by Bazilevsky et al.[1]. For the numerical simulations we employ a Lagrangian finite element technique. This method has previously been used in simulations of the transient filament stretching rheometer [2].
Fecal Antibody Responses to Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Rotavirus Infections (1993)

The role of anti-rotavirus fecal IgA (RVflgA) in protecting children against natural rotavirus infections is unclear. Rotavirus outbreaks occurred in each of four day care centers attended by 129 children; 42% of the infections were asymptomatic. RVflgA titers were measured by EIA before infection and 4 weeks later in 50 children who excreted rotavirus (excretors) and in two samples 4 weeks apart from 50 children without detected virus excretion (nonexcretors). Fortythree (86%) excretors and 18 (36%) nonexcretors had a fourfold or greater RVflgA titer rise. Preexposure RVflgA titers were higher in not infected than symptomatic (P = .002), asymptomatic than symptomatic (P = .036), and not infected than asymptomatic children (P = .07). RVflgA titers after asymptomatic infections were slightly higher than after symptomatic infections (P = .087). In summary, higher RVflgA titers were associated with protection against infection and illness and increased fourfold or more in both asymptomati