gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disulfiram is an Inhibitor of Human Purified Monoacylglycerol Lipase, the Enzyme Regulating 2‐Arachidonoylglycerol Signaling (2007)

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme responsible for the termination of endocannabinoid signaling. Its crucial role in 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) metabolism, together with the numerous pharmacological properties mediated by this endocannabinoid, emphasize the interest in MAGL as therapeutic target, along with the need to design potent and selective inhibitors. Meanwhile, the complexity of 2-AG degradation pathways underscores the need to use a purified source of enzyme in evaluation studies of new inhibitors. We report here the first heterologous expression and purification of human MAGL. A highly pure protein was obtained and allowed us to measure the affinity of several MAGL inhibitors for the human enzyme. Importantly, disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide), a compound used to treat alcoholism, and other disulfide-containing compounds were shown to inhibit MAGL with good potency, likely through an interaction with cysteine residues.
Improved Drought and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis Overexpressing a NAC Transcriptional Factor fromArachis hypogaea (2011)

The NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) proteins share a highly conserved NAC domain and constitute a large family of plant-specific transcriptional factors. We have isolated a drought-induced NAC gene from Arachis hypogaea, named AhNAC2 (Arachis hypogaea NAC2) but its specific role remains unknown. In this study, we found that transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AhNAC2 lines were hypersensitive to ABA in root growth, seed germination, and stomatal closure compared to wild type Arabidopsis. The transgenic lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity stress, and the expression levels of 12 stress-related genes in the AhNAC2 transformed plants were higher than in wild type Arabidopsis. These results indicate that AhNAC2 is a major player in the NAC gene family involved in ABA signaling. Its role as a candidate gene for engineering drought and salt tolerance in cultivated plants is discussed.
Resonant clocking using distributed parasitic capacitance (2004)

A resonant-clock generation and distribution scheme that uses the inherent, parasitic capacitance of the clocked logic as a lumped capacitor in a negative-resistance oscillator is described. Clock energy is resonated between inductors and the parasitic, local clock network to save power over traditional clocking methodologies. Theory predicts that the data passing though the clocked logic will change the clock frequency by less than 1.25%. A resonant clock test chip was designed and fabricated in an IBM 0.13-/spl mu/m partially depleted SOI process. Although the test chip was designed to operate in the gigahertz range using integrated inductors, startup difficulties required the addition of external inductance to reduce the resonant frequency so that the effects of the parasitic capacitance could be measured. The parasitic capacitance is approximately 40 pF per clock phase, resulting in a clock frequency between 106 and 146 MHz, depending on biasing. At its most efficient bias point, the clock dissipated 2.09 mW, which is approximately 35% less power than a conventional, buffer-driven clock. The maximum period jitter measured in the resonant clock due to changing data in the clocked latches was 55 ps at 124 MHz, or 0.68% of the clock period.
Differential Forms Basis Functions for Better Conditioned Integral Equations (2005)

Discretized differential-forms basis functions were formulated and implemented for surface integral equation problems. Making the degrees of freedom scale invariant with element size leads to better conditioning of the system matrix for both electrostatic and frequency-domain scattering problems on meshes with a large variation in patch size.
Open-to-Ducted Transfer Function for Point Dipole Sources (2022)

This paper concerns the acoustic radiation from open and ducted sources. Many rotors and fans utilise ducts to improve air flow and quality. In this paper, we relate the radiation of ducted and open sources to form an open-to-ducted transfer function, capable of predicting the effect of shrouding an open source in a duct. A key part of the investigation is an analysis of the effect on the individual radiated pressure fields of the sources axial and radial location. In this investigation we detail the circumstances when the open and ducted radiation are similar, and consequently allowing the effect of the duct to be neglected in acoustic modelling.
Novel electronic structure of the hydrogen-potassium-graphite ternary intercalation compounds (1987)

Thermoelectric-power and resistivity experiments give evidence for the coexistence of a large electron and a small hole band in hydrogen-potassium-graphite ternary intercalation compounds consisting of ionic K-H-K sandwich intercalants between metallic graphite sheets. Potassium acts as a donor to graphite, while hydrogen plays the role of an acceptor due to its strong electron affinity. This novel electronic structure is accomplished through the cooperation of potassium and hydrogen in a charge-transfer process in addition to delocalization effects associated with conduction electrons.
Evaluation and localization of lymphatic drainage and sentinel lymph nodes in patients with head and neck melanomas by hybrid SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphic imaging. (2007)

In patients with head and neck tumors, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy can be used to map lymphatic drainage patterns and identify sentinel lymph nodes. However, it is very difficult to determine the exact locations of head and neck sentinel nodes on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy without the use of anatomic landmarks. Lymph nodes in the head and neck are grouped into 7 regions, or levels, on the basis of anatomic landmarks. In patients undergoing standard lymphoscintigraphy, obtaining lateral marker images that show important anatomic landmarks can help with the localization of sentinel nodes. However, technical problems often render marker images of little or no use. Hybrid SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphic imaging facilitates the localization of sentinel nodes by reliably showing the relationships between sentinel nodes and important anatomic structures. After reading this article, the reader should understand the lymph node level classification system for head and neck melanomas, be able to describe the technique used for the imaging of sentinel nodes in the head and neck region, and be able to demonstrate how SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphic imaging can enable precise sentinel node localization and thus help to ensure minimal dissection.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination of Small Molecules by Manganese(II) Phosphine Complexes. Part 9. The Reaction of Ethylene with (MnX2L) (X: Cl, Br, or I; L: PnPr3, PnBu3, PPhMe2, PPhEt2, or PPh3) in Tetrahydrofuran Solution. (1987)

Abstract In the title reaction the complexes with X: Cl; L: PPr 3 , PBu 3 , PPhMe 2 or PPhEt 2 and X: ‐Br; L: PBu 3 are found to react with ethylene in a 1:1 ratio, whereas the other complexes are found to be inactive towards ethylene.
Prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, Chlamydophila felis, and Mycoplasma spp DNA in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis (2007)

Mycoplasma spp were the most prevalent organism detected and was associated with conjunctivitis. This study could not confirm that there are increased copy numbers of FHV-1 DNA in cats with conjunctivitis, compared with the copy numbers for cats without conjunctivitis.
Combining fetal sonography with genetic and allele pathogenicity studies to secure a neonatal diagnosis of Bardet–Biedl syndrome (2012)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare pediatric ciliopathy characterized by marked clinical variability and extensive genetic heterogeneity. Typical diagnosis of BBS is secured at a median of 9 years of age, and sometimes well into adolescence. Here, we report a patient in whom prenatal detection of increased nuchal fold, enlarged echogenic kidneys, and polydactyly prompted us to screen the most commonly mutated genes in BBS and the phenotypically and genetically overlapping ciliopathy, Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS). We identified the common Met390Arg mutation in BBS1 in compound heterozygosity with a novel intronic variant of unknown significance (VUS). Testing of mRNA harvested from primary foreskin fibroblasts obtained shortly after birth revealed the VUS to induce a cryptic splice site, which in turn led to a premature termination and mRNA degradation. To our knowledge, this is the earliest diagnosis of BBS in the absence of other affected individuals in the family, and exemplifies how combining clinical assessment with genetic and timely assays of variant pathogenicity can inform clinical diagnosis and assist with patient management in the prenatal and neonatal setting.
Comparative Computational Modeling of Airflows and Vapor Dosimetry in the Respiratory Tracts of Rat, Monkey, and Human (2012)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are useful for predicting site-specific dosimetry of airborne materials in the respiratory tract and elucidating the importance of species differences in anatomy, physiology, and breathing patterns. We improved the imaging and model development methods to the point where CFD models for the rat, monkey, and human now encompass airways from the nose or mouth to the lung. A total of 1272, 2172, and 135 pulmonary airways representing 17±7, 19±9, or 9±2 airway generations were included in the rat, monkey and human models, respectively. A CFD/physiologically based pharmacokinetic model previously developed for acrolein was adapted for these anatomically correct extended airway models. Model parameters were obtained from the literature or measured directly. Airflow and acrolein uptake patterns were determined under steady-state inhalation conditions to provide direct comparisons with prior data and nasal-only simulations. Results confirmed that regional uptake was sensitive to airway geometry, airflow rates, acrolein concentrations, air:tissue partition coefficients, tissue thickness, and the maximum rate of metabolism. Nasal extraction efficiencies were predicted to be greatest in the rat, followed by the monkey, and then the human. For both nasal and oral breathing modes in humans, higher uptake rates were predicted for lower tracheobronchial tissues than either the rat or monkey. These extended airway models provide a unique foundation for comparing material transport and site-specific tissue uptake across a significantly greater range of conducting airways in the rat, monkey, and human than prior CFD models.
Characterization of the interactions of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 with p53 and E6-associated protein in insect and human cells. (1998)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 induces the degradation of the tumour suppressor protein p53 by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis pathway. In vitro, this process involves the formation of a trimolecular complex between E6, p53 and a cellular protein E6-associated protein (E6-AP). However, an analysis of their potential interactions in vivo has not been carried out. We have established a model for the expression and analysis of the interactions of these three proteins in insect cells, a eukaryotic system where potentially crucial modifications of the proteins will occur. In baculovirus-infected cells the degradation of p53 can occur. However, p53 is only degraded early in the infectious cycle due to a lack of ATP at later times. Consequently, substantial quantities of material can be produced in this system for further analysis. Evidence is also provided that, in vivo, E6 can interact with p53 in the absence of E6-AP and that E6-AP can interact with p53 in the absence of E6. Furthermore, analysis of the subcellular localization of the proteins using both biochemical fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence suggests that the degradation of p53 occurs in the perinuclear region of the cell.
Mean-Variance Loss for Deep Age Estimation from a Face (2018)

Age estimation has wide applications in video surveillance, social networking, and human-computer interaction. Many of the published approaches simply treat age estimation as an exact age regression problem, and thus do not leverage a distribution's robustness in representing labels with ambiguity such as ages. In this paper, we propose a new loss function, called mean-variance loss, for robust age estimation via distribution learning. Specifically, the mean-variance loss consists of a mean loss, which penalizes difference between the mean of the estimated age distribution and the ground-truth age, and a variance loss, which penalizes the variance of the estimated age distribution to ensure a concentrated distribution. The proposed mean-variance loss and softmax loss are jointly embedded into Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for age estimation. Experimental results on the FG-NET, MORPH Album II, CLAP2016, and AADB databases show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art age estimation methods by a large margin, and generalizes well to image aesthetics assessment.
Problems and Approaches in Studying Membrane Opioid Receptors (1991)

Considerable progress has been made in recent years in understanding opioid receptors at the molecular level. Several laboratories have reported purification of opioid receptors by standard procedures involving solubilization of brain membranes in nondenaturing detergent, followed by affinity chromatography and other fractionation methods. In addition, several alternative approaches have been used with some degree of success. Several investigators have labeled receptors with covalent ligands, then characterized them under denaturing conditions such as SDS gel electrophoresis. Antibodies have been prepared to several pure or partially pure opioid receptor preparations that can be used to (1) map the brain regional distribution of opioid receptors, (2) determine the role of specific regions of the receptor molecules in ligand binding and in interaction with other functional molecules, (3) compare the structural features of different opioid receptor types, and (4) purify receptors further. One group also has reported cloning of the cDNA for an opioid-binding protein using antibodies as affinity ligands to purify receptors from solubilized material and the application of gene cloning techniques. The successful use of these varied approaches ensures that future progress in this field will be rapid. The purification, reconstitution, and detailed structural characterization of different opioid receptor types appears feasible within a few years. The next challenge in the molecular understanding of these receptors will be to identify and characterize the second messenger systems in the cell membranes that mediate their pharmacological functions.
Discovering Experts, Experienced Persons and Specialists for IT Infrastructure Support (2011)

Workforce analytics (i.e., statistical analysis, modeling and mining of HR data) is particularly important in service industries. Service industries are people-intensive and the knowledge and expertise of the people within an organization is a strategic resource critical for success. Performance of employees in a service organization is directly related to the customer satisfaction and creation of value. In this paper, we adopt a domain-driven data mining approach and begin by raising specific business questions in workforce the analysis with a focus on IT Infrastructure Support (ITIS) services and then propose solutions for them. We distinguish between three aspects of what makes people valuable in an ITIS organization: expertise, specialization and experience. We propose novel formalizations of these notions and discuss rigorous statistical and optimization based algorithms to discover these 3 types of people (along with their work areas). In particular, for the important problem of expert discovery, we propose two separate algorithms: one statistical and another based on data envelopment analysis technique from optimization. The approaches have been implemented and have produced satisfactory results on more than 25 real-life ITIS datasets, one of which we use for illustration. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
Low-chirp integrated EA-modulator/DFB laser grown by selective-area MOVPE (2002)

Summary form only given. 2.5 Gbit/s transmission over 517 km of standard fiber is reported using a monolithically integrated InGaAsP MQW EA modulator/DFB laser by selective-area MOVPE. A low chirp of 0.13 /spl Aring/ peak-peak and good reliability are shown.
The Connex Content Addressable Memory (C 2 AM) (1995)

We will describe in brief the principles of the connex memory, and we will sketch the connex memory's structure. We will regard it as an associative memory, pointing some advantages over the classic CAM structures.
Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Micro Gyroscope Based on RBF Neural Network (2018)

This paper presents a hybrid control scheme based on a super-twisting sliding mode control and radial basis function (RBF) neural network control method for micro gyroscopes with unknown model uncertainties and external disturbances. In consideration of unknown model of micro gyroscope system, this paper utilizes the RBF neural network to realize the adaptive approximation of the unknown part of the model and ensure that the controller does not rely on the precise mathematical model of the controlled system. The neural network adaptive law is obtained by using the Lyapunov method, and the stability and convergence of the closed-loop system are guaranteed by adjusting the adaptive weight. The super-twisting sliding mode control method is adopted in order to improve the convergence speed and weaken the chattering. Finally, the simulation results verify the superiority and validity of the proposed method and compare it with the super-twisting sliding mode control without RBF neural network. Simulation results indicate that the control method proposed in this paper is very effective and feasible, achieving the required dynamic and static performance. It not only effectively weakens the chattering of the control system but also ensures the convergence of the system in limited time and improves the property of the control system.
Online Optimal Feedback Control of Polymerization Reactors: Application to Polymerization of Acrylamide–Water–Potassium Persulfate (KPS) System (2017)

This paper deals with the design and implementation of optimal real-time control strategies for controlling polymerization reactors in free radical polymerization processes. A multiobjective optimization problem is first formulated to determine optimal trajectories for a range of target products. A tailor-made control module is then formulated and implemented in python for controlling the weight-average molar mass (Mw) to robustly achieve the desired polymer molar mass distribution (MMD). Multiple control case studies are discussed and applied to force the system along the optimal targets. Performance of the controller is evaluated in each case using Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization reactions (ACOMP). Results are provided through investigations into the free radical polymerization of the acrylamide in water using potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator.
Enabling the book metaphor for the World-Wide-Web: disseminating on-line information as dynamic Web documents (1997)

As new technologies allow us to change the way we publish information, moving from hardcopy to on-line and the Web, we find that we need to distribute electronic information in a multitude of formats on different platforms concurrently, while exploiting the electronic medium. In addition, we face the challenge of organizing this information on media such as CD-ROM, LAN, and the Web so readers can search through the information successfully. To be able to create, maintain, and update this information, we recommend using a single source of information; to display this complex interactive material in a way that readers can make sense of we recommend adopting a book metaphor.
Clinical pharmacology of cardiac cyclic AMP in human heart failure: too much or too little? (2023)

Currently, there is no consensus on the status of cAMP levels in human failing vs. non-failing hearts. Several studies on animal models may suggest maladaptive (e.g. pro-apoptotic) effects of cAMP on HF, advocating for cAMP lowering for therapy, but human studies almost universally indicate that myocardial cAMP levels are deficient in human failing hearts. It is the expert opinion of this perspective that intracellular cAMP levels are too low in human failing hearts, contributing to the disease. Strategies to increase (restore), not decrease, these levels should be pursued in human HF.
Brillouin gain variation due to a polarization-state change of the pump or Stokes fields in standard single-mode fibers (1989)

The effect of pump or Stokes field polarization-state changes on Brillouin gain is investigated in standard (non-polarization- maintaining) single-mode fibers with a modal birefringence of ~10(-7). The Brillouin gain change due to polarization azimuth variation of the input pump or Stokes field reaches +/-31% of the average gain expected for a completely scrambled polarization state. This polarization effect on the Brillouin gain may lead to cross-talk fluctuation in bidirectional coherent transmission systems and to degradation of Brillouin amplifier performance.
Sequence Polymorphism of the 16S rRNA Gene of Vibrio vulnificus Is a Possible Indicator of Strain Virulence (2003)

Vibrio vulnificus exhibits considerable strain-to-strain variation in virulence. Attempts to associate phenotypic or genotypic characteristics with strain virulence have been largely unsuccessful. Based on a 17-nucleotide difference throughout the sequence of the small subunit 16S rRNA gene, there are two major groups of V. vulnificus designated types A and B. In a survey of the 16S rRNA genotype in 67 V. vulnificus human clinical and nonclinical strains, we determined that the majority of nonclinical isolates are type A (31 of 33) and that there is a statistically significant association between the type B genotype and human clinical strains (26 of 34).
Acute Sarcocystis Falcatula-Like Infection in a Carmine Bee-Eater (Merops Nubicus) and Immunohistochemical Cross Reactivity Between Sarcocystis Falcatula and Sarcocystis Neurona (2001)

An unidentified Sarcocystis falcatula-like infection was diagnosed in a captive bee-eater (Merops nubicus) in a zoo in Florida. The bird died suddenly, probably due to protozoa-associated pneumonia. Protozoal schizonts were found in lungs and heart, and immature sarcocysts were seen in skeletal muscles. Ultrastructurally, schizonts were located in capillary endothelium and merozoites lacked rhoptries, consistent with the structure of Sarcocystis species. Sarcocysts were immature, microscopic, and contained only metrocytes. The sarcocyst wall had finger-like villar protrusions that were up to 0.7 microm long and up to 0.2 microm wide. The villar protrusions lacked microtubules, characteristically seen in sarcocysts of S. falcatula. Antigenically, parasites in lungs and muscles of the bee-eater reacted with a varying intensity with polyclonal rabbit antisera to S. falcatula and Sarcocystis neurona. Results indicated that sarcocysts in the bee-eater were morphologically different from the reported structure for sarcocysts of other S. falcatula infections.
INDUCTION OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN CLASS I mRNA IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS BY CYTOKINES (1993)

Journal of Immunotherapy with Emphasis on Tumor Immunology: January 1993 - Volume 13 - Issue 1 - p 74