gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid fabrication and piezoelectric tuning of micro- and nanopores in single crystal quartz (2012)

We outline the fabrication of piezoelectric through-pores in crystalline quartz using a rapid micromachining process, and demonstrate piezoelectric deformation of the pore. The single-step fabrication technique combines ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation with a thin layer of absorbing liquid in contact with the UV-transparent quartz chip. The effects of different liquid media are shown. We demonstrate that small exit pores, with diameters nearing the 193 nm laser wavelength and with a smooth periphery, can be achieved in 350 μm thick quartz wafers. Special crater features centring on the exit pores are also fabricated, and the depth of these craters are tuned. Moreover, by applying a voltage bias across the thickness of this piezoelectric wafer, we controllably contract and expand the pore diameter. We also provide a sample application of this device by piezoelectrically actuating alamethicin ion channels suspended over the deformable pore.
Growth-microstructure-thermal property relations in AlN thin films (2022)

AlN thin films are enabling significant progress in modern optoelectronics, power electronics, and microelectromechanical systems. The various AlN growth methods and conditions lead to different film microstructures. In this report, phonon scattering mechanisms that impact the cross-plane (κz; along the c-axis) and in-plane (κr; parallel to the c-plane) thermal conductivities of AlN thin films prepared by various synthesis techniques are investigated. In contrast to bulk single crystal AlN with an isotropic thermal conductivity of ∼330 W/m K, a strong anisotropy in the thermal conductivity is observed in the thin films. The κz shows a strong film thickness dependence due to phonon-boundary scattering. Electron microscopy reveals the presence of grain boundaries and dislocations that limit the κr. For instance, oriented films prepared by reactive sputtering possess lateral crystalline grain sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm that significantly lower the κr to ∼30 W/m K. Simulation results suggest that the self-heating in AlN film bulk acoustic resonators can significantly impact the power handling capability of RF filters. A device employing an oriented film as the active piezoelectric layer shows an ∼2.5× higher device peak temperature as compared to a device based on an epitaxial film.
Contribution of Dietary Supplements to Nutritional Adequacy in Race/Ethnic Population Subgroups in the United States (2017)

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that nutritional deficiencies in the U.S. population vary by age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and could be as high as nearly one third of certain population groups. Based on nationally representative data in 10,698 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) primarily from 2009-2012, assessments were made of race/ethnic differences in the impact of dietary supplements on nutrient intake and prevalence of inadequacies. Compared to food alone, use of any dietary supplement plus food was associated with significantly higher intakes of 14 to 16 of 19 nutrients examined in all race/ethnic groups; and significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) reduced rates of inadequacy for 8/17 nutrients examined in non-Hispanic whites, but only 3-4/17 nutrients (calcium, and vitamins A, D, and E) for other race/ethnic groups. Across race/ethnic groups an increased prevalence of intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was seen for 1-9/13 nutrients, but all were less than 5% of the population. In conclusion, use of dietary supplements is associated with increased micronutrient intake, decreased nutrient inadequacies, and slight increases in prevalence above the UL in all race/ethnicities examined, with greater benefits among non-Hispanic whites.
Illuminating image-based objects (2002)

We present a new scheme of data representation for image-based objects. It allows the illumination to be changed interactively without knowing any geometrical information (e.g. depth or surface normal) of the scene, but the resulting images are physically correct. The scene is first sampled from different view points and under different illuminations. By treating each pixel on the image plane as a surface element, the sampled images are used to measure the apparent BRDF of each surface element. Two compression schemes, spherical harmonics and discrete cosine transform, are proposed to compress the tabular BRDF data. Whenever the user changes the illumination a certain number of views are reconstructed. The correct user perspective view is then displayed using the standard texture mapping hardware. Hence, the intensity, the type and the number of the light sources can be manipulated interactively.
Advanced Technology of Automotive Connecting Rod (2007)

The present requirements for the connecting rod are indicated and the fracture splitting (FS) technologies for constructing the big end boss are reviewed. Two possibilities of FS for a high strength Cr-Mo steel and Ti alloys were discussed. The carburized quench-temper FS connecting rod has a superior fatigue strength with a high dimensional accuracy at the big end boss. The possibility of using a titanium FS connecting rod was examined and proposed.
APPARATUS FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT OF THE SHRINKAGE AND METHOD OF MEASURING THE POROSITY AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH HYDRATION RATE OF MATERIALS CONTAINING CEMENT (1974)

DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF A HERMETICALLY SEALED APPARATUS SUPPLIED WITH A THERMOSTAT IN MEASURING THE VOLUME PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OF TWO 1-LITRE VESSELS CONTAINING ONE THE MIXTURE STUDIED, THE OTHER A TYPICAL MIX WITHOUT CEMENT. MEASUREMENTS ARE TAKEN OF THE VOLUME TO 0, 01 CUBIC CENTIMETRE, THE TEMPERATURE TO 0, 1 DEGREE C (BETWEEN 01 AND 100 DEGREES C), THE PRESSURE TO 13 PASCAL (FOR DIFFERENCES IN PRESSURE SMALLER THAN 0,1 MEGAPASCAL). VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENCE IN PRESSURE DURING HARDENING OF THE BINDER FACILITATE THE USE OF FORMULAE GIVEN HERE TO CALCULATE: THE CONTRACTION VOLUME, THE QUANTITY OF WATER CHEMICALLY BOUND THE TOTAL VOIDS CONTENT, THE CAPILLARITY AND ULTIMATE SIMPLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (OR TENSILE STRENGTH).
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Organic Halides with Tri‐2‐furanylgermane: Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reaction. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tim-3 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of osteosarcoma (2017)

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor that affects adolescents and children. However, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma remain lacking. (Tim-3) T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3, which negatively regulates T cell helper (Th1) cells and affects cytokine expression, has attracted increasing attention due to its critical role in regulating both adaptive and innate immune cells. In this study, we evaluated serum soluble Tim-3 level in osteosarcoma patients to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value for this particular malignancy. Serum soluble Tim-3 level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 120 osteosarcoma patients, 120 benign bone tumors patients and 120 healthy controls, followed by analysis of the correlation with clinic pathological characteristics. Receiver operating curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank analyses as well as Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance. Serum solubleTim-3 level was remarkably elevated in osteosarcoma patients. Osteosarcoma patients with larger tumor size, late stages and distant metastases were accompanied with higher levels of Tim-3. ROC/AUC analysis indicated thatTim-3 served as a reliable marker to distinguish healthy participants from Tim-3 patients. Osteosarcoma patients with higher Tim-3 had relatively lower survival. Multivariate analyses for overall survival revealed that high serum soluble Tim-3 level was an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma. Furthermore, Tim-3 levels of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were elevated in peripheral circulation of osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, It was indicated in our research that elevated serum soluble Tim-3 level might be a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma patients.
Urinary Albumin Excretion Predicts Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Mortality in General Population (2002)

Urinary albumin excretion is a predictor of all-cause mortality in the general population. The excess risk was more attributable to death from CV causes, independent of the effects of other CV risk factors, and the relationship was already apparent at levels of albuminuria currently considered to be normal.
A Rapid and Sensitive Method to Identify and Differentiate Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- by Combining Traditional Serotyping and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (2011)

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- is an emerging serovar considered as a monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. The antigenic and genetic similarity between Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium suggests that they may behave in a similar way and represent a comparable threat to public health. As serotyping alone does not necessarily provide for identification of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and its differentiation from Salmonella Typhimurium, a method that combines traditional serotyping and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction has been tested on 208 strains serotyped as Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, Salmonella Typhimurium, and similar serovars of serogroup B sharing the same phase-1 antigen "i." For 191 strains, the combined method fully confirmed the results provided by traditional serotyping, whereas for 17 strains of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium some inconsistencies emerged between the two methods. The combined method resulted in a more accurate and faster identification of these two relevant serovars.
Potential interference with microtubule assembly by graphene: a tug-of-war (2020)

With the ever-increasing demand for graphene-based materials and their promising applications in numerous nanotechnologies, the biological effects of graphene on living systems have become crucial and ought to be well understood. Previously, both the cytotoxicity of graphene towards biological cells and its potential application as a nanomedicine have been revealed experimentally and theoretically. Besides many existing anticancer drugs that target microtubules, here we investigate the possibility of using graphene as a nanomedicine, which could alter the dynamic assembly and disassembly of a microtubule. We found that when a graphene nanosheet is at the hydrophilic interface of two neighboring heterodimers (containing α and β tubulins), it can pull one dimer away from the other through a "tug-of-war" mechanism, driven by the strong dispersive interaction exerted by the surface of the graphene nanosheet. This work demonstrates that based on the existing methods for mitigating graphene's cytotoxicity (already developed in this field), a graphene-based nanomedicine could be designed to target microtubules of cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Conformationally Rigid Analogues of 4‐Amino‐5‐halopentanoic Acids, Potent Inactivators of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Validity of six consumer-level activity monitors for measuring steps in patients with chronic heart failure (2019)

Even though none of the tested activity monitors fall within arbitrary thresholds for validity, most of them perform reasonably well enough to be useful tools that clinicians can use to simply motivate chronic heart failure patients to walk more.
Toll like receptor 4 mediates cell death in a mouse MPTP model of Parkinson disease (2013)

In mammalians, toll-like receptors (TLR) signal-transduction pathways induce the expression of a variety of immune-response genes, including inflammatory cytokines. It is therefore plausible to assume that TLRs are mediators in glial cells triggering the release of cytokines that ultimately kill DA neurons in the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease (PD). Accordingly, recent data indicate that TLR4 is up-regulated by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment in a mouse model of PD. Here, we wished to evaluate the role of TLR4 in the acute mouse MPTP model of PD: TLR4-deficient mice and wild-type littermates control mice were used for the acute administration way of MPTP or a corresponding volume of saline. We demonstrate that TLR4-deficient mice are less vulnerable to MPTP intoxication than wild-type mice and display a decreased number of Iba1+ and MHC II+ activated microglial cells after MPTP application, suggesting that the TLR4 pathway is involved in experimental PD.
Unexpected endo Selectivity of Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to an Arene−Cr(CO)3 Complex:  Enantioselective Synthesis of the Diterpene 11-epi-Helioporin B (2001)

[reaction: see text]. Starting from a nonracemic planar-chiral arene tricarbonyl chromium complex, an epimer of the bioactive marine diterpene helioporin B was synthesized in a highly stereoselective fashion. The stereostructure of the product (11-epi-helioporin B) corresponds to that of other serrulatane-type natural products. In a key step of the synthesis, 2-lithioacetonitrile undergoes conjugate nucleophilic addition to an unsaturated complex. Remarkably, this addition occurs in an endo mode, i.e., from the complexed face of the pi-ligand.
Hierarchy of Deep-Water Architectural Elements With Reference to Seismic Resolution: Implications for Reservoir Prediction and Modeling (2000)

Seismic acquisition and processing imposes a spatial filter on the resolution of subsurface stratigraphy. In deep-water settings, we recognize four orders of seismic and several orders of sub-seismic stratigraphy. Individual deep-water sandstone bodies are usually resolvable on conventional 6-60 Hz seismic data as an amalgam of seismic loops or wavelets (fourth-order seismic). Upon closer inspection, units within many of these sandstone bodies display an internal architecture resulting from depositional topography and various small-scale erosional processes. Internal (first- and second-order sub-seismic) reservoir architecture is locally seen on seismic data as changes in waveform morphology, and develops from episodes of starvation, bypass and/or erosion. These processes produce surfaces that may pass from the tops to the bases of reservoir units. The surfaces influence bed-length and connectivity, especially where draped by mudstone. Classical depositional models usually focus on external reservoir architecture, thereby failing to fully explain reservoir compartmentalization as a control on hydrocarbon recovery. REFERENCES
A nanocomposite hydrogel with catalytic properties for trace-element detection in real-world samples (2020)

A nanocomposite material characterized by peroxidase-like properties was developed through the dispersion of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) inside a hydrogelic matrix. The integration of the PtNP catalysts within the matrix resulted in their stabilization, preventing aggregation and precipitation in media of environmental interest, characterized by high ionic strength and by the presence of organic solutes. A thorough optimization of the matrix design was aimed at granting optimal diffusion of the reagents, in order to maintain the efficiency of the catalytic action. Such combined features allowed the implementation and prototyping of a colorimetric method for the detection of mercury in environmental water samples. The assay was based on a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by the peroxidase-like activity of PtNPs and its specific inhibition caused by trace amounts of mercury.
Simultaneous microscopic imaging of thickness and refractive index of thin layers by heterodyne interferometric reflectometry (HiRef) (2021)

Abstract The detection of spatial or temporal variations in very thin samples has important applications in the biological sciences. For example, cellular membranes exhibit changes in lipid composition and order, which in turn modulate their function in space and time. Simultaneous measurement of thickness and refractive index would be one way to observe these variations, yet doing it noninvasively remains an elusive goal. Here we present a microscopic-imaging technique to simultaneously measure the thickness and refractive index of thin layers in a spatially resolved manner using reflectometry. A coherent laser beam, focussed by a high-numerical-aperture microscope objective and reflected by the sample, is measured using its heterodyne interference with a reference in order to determine the amplitude and phase of the reflected field and thus the complex reflection coefficient. Comparing the results with the theoretically calculated reflection of a thin layer under coherent illumination of high numerical aperture by the microscope objective, the refractive index and thickness of the layer are determined. We present results on a layer of polyvinylacetate with a thickness of approximately 80 nm. These results have a precision better than 10% in the thickness and better than 1% in the refractive index. The measured refractive index is consistent with literature values, and the measured thickness is close to measurements of the same sample by quantitative differential interference contrast. We discuss the significance of these results and the possibility of performing accurate measurements on nanometric layers. Notably, the shot-noise limit of the technique is below 0.5 nm in thickness and 0.0005 in refractive index for millisecond measurement times.
Broadband Terahertz and Sub-terahertz CMOS Modules for Imaging and Spectroscopy Applications (2012)

Miniaturized, low cost and easy to use devices able to carry out analysis in the chemical or biomedical domains could extend the use of imaging and spectroscopic techniques, now widely exploited in the professional sector, to applications in the consumer market or in the domain of point-of-care diagnostics. While a number of advanced techniques based on infrared or optical radiation show great potential for use in highly sensitive biosensors, the use of another part of the electromagnetic spectrum, the so called terahertz band (100 GHz – 3 THz), promise the creation of new devices with the capability of carrying out spectroscopy and imaging at the same time, even on samples located in an opaque package. In this paper we present our results demonstrating the possibility to create a miniaturized terahertz imaging and spectroscopy system that can be mass produced at low cost using well-known and robust commercial technologies such as CMOS and 3D chip-scale packaging (3D-CSP). The presented device is able to produce and detect a broadband signal from 20 GHz to 280 GHz with a dynamic range of 44 dB at 140 GHz.
Multiple Bowen's disease of the fingers. (2002)

We describe herein a case of multiple Bowen's disease that developed on the left hand fingers of an 80-year-old male patient who had practiced as a gynecologist. PCR-based analysis indicated that the lesion contained human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 DNA. Topical application of bleomycin and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy were effective in treating this case. After treatment, histopathologically no atypical cells were seen throughout the epidermis.
Comparisons between the hybrid ABC and the PML method for 2D high‐order finite‐difference acoustic modeling (2011)

Absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) are usually employed to absorb artificial reflections from model boundaries in numerical solution of wave equations. We compare a hybrid ABC that combines one way wave equation and damping, with the perfectly matched layer (PML) for 2D high‐order finite‐difference (FD) acoustic modeling. The 2nd‐order one‐way wave equations (OWWEs) based hybrid ABC provides better absorption effects than the 1st‐order OWWEs based one. Nearly perfect absorptions can be obtained by using the same‐order FD in the PML, overlap and inner areas. Both the 2nd‐order OWWEs based hybrid ABC and the PML ABC with high‐order FD in the PML area significantly absorb boundary reflections. They obtain nearly the same absorption effects for waves of approximately normal incidence. The PML ABC has better absorptions than the hybrid ABC for waves far from normal incidence but is more complicated and more expensive computationally. One possible way to improve absorption effects of the hybrid ABC further is to use high‐order OWWEs or high‐accuracy prediction formulations.
Monitoring Fatigue of SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites With Acoustic Emission and Electrical Resistance (2019)

Abstract Acoustic emission (AE) and electrical resistance (ER) have been effective methods to monitor damage in SiC/SiC composites for a variety of loading conditions. In this study, the change of ER and modal AE were monitored on woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) composite under cyclic loading (fatigue) conditions at room temperature. In particular, the AE activity will be emphasized in this work as it relates to ER and observed damage. Significant increase of ER and AE activities were observed during the “initial” and sometimes “final” parts of the experiments. For tests at higher fatigue frequency conditions, AE activity was significant near the end of the test which was correlated with damage predominant in the region that was ultimately the failure region. Most of these events occurred during the unload portion of the cycle, i.e., “valley” and inferred a compressive micro-fracture mechanism. Microscopy of polished sections showed increased damage very near the fracture surface, including longitudinal and shear cracking in the 90-tow region of the composite which corresponded to the “valley” AE events. For the lowest frequency fatigue condition (0.01 Hz), no valley events were observed. The compressive micro-fracture mechanism observed in this study is a new observation for progressive damage in these types of composites. More study is required to isolate the cause(s) of this behavior which are probably related to fatigue frequency, R ratio and/or porosity content.
EXPRESSION OF CRM1 IN HUMAN GLIOMAS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN P27 EXPRESSION AND CLINICAL PROGNOSIS (2009)

The current results showed that CRM1 and p27 expression were associated with glioma grade and that high CRM1 protein expression might be related to poor outcome.
An Analysis of Multiple Contaminant Warning System Design Objectives for Sensor Placement Optimization in Water Distribution Networks (2008)

Recent events have significantly increased the level of interest in using sensors to detect the presence of contaminants in municipal water distribution systems. A key deployment issue is identifying where a limited number of sensors should be placed in order to maximize the level of protection afforded. Researchers have proposed several algorithms for generating such placements, each optimizing with respect to a different design objective.