gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Elastase on an Aortic Calcification in Atherosclerosis Related Diseases (1987)

We have studied the effects of elastase on the development of atherosclerosis in 6 patients with essential hypertension, 5 patients with ischemic heart disease, 3 patients with diabetes mellitus and 4 patients with hyperlipidemia type II. Elastase was orally administered to the patients at the dose of 5, 400U/day for 1 or 1.5 years. Before and after the treatment, the following determinations were carried out: Aortic calcification index (ACT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), the indicators of atherosclerosis, and serum levels of lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), lipoprotein (Lp) electrophoresis and Ca.The results obtained from the differences between before and after elastase administration were as follows.Elastase administration caused the significant decrease of both percent ACT and PWV.There were no significant changes in terms of serum lipids such as triglycerides, HDL-C, malondialdehyde and Ca except cholesterol which was significantly elevated.The percent changes of apo A-I were slightly elevated while apo B/A-I ratio tended to be decreased. In addition, there was a significant increase α-Lp or a significant decrease in both β- and pre β-Lps.The present observations indicate that elastase could be a protective drug against the progression of atherosclerosis even though calcified atherosclerosis.
Use of Direct Reading Surface Sampling Methods for Site Characterization and Remediation of Methamphetamine Contaminated Properties (2011)

Abstract Residual methamphetamine contamination in Clandestine laboratories represents a hazard to emergency response personnel, remediation workers and the general public. To address this threat, two rapid, sensitive surface sampling techniques to assess the location and level of methamphetamine contamination were developed. Both methods employ established industrial hygiene surface sampling materials (wipes and swabs) but differ in their sensitivity and detection technology. One method, based on colorimetric disclosure, detects and confirms a collected sample or visible residues. The second method uses a lateral flow immunochemical assay (LFIA) for semi-quantitative detection of trace contamination. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with public health agencies to develop applications of the methods for assessment of methamphetamine contamination of suspected properties. These applications focused on safe strategies for site assessment, hazard characterization, and remediation effectiveness. To conduct the field studies, NIOSH researchers and their partners visited more than a dozen suspected laboratories including mobile labs, abandoned properties, occupied residences, and motel rooms. NIOSH found greater than 95% agreement between positive identification of the presence of methamphetamine by LFIA and laboratory-based, liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) methods. Test results were used to develop site assessments and make personal protective equipment recommendations. Results were also used to conduct process-based decontamination of properties and to make health-based decisions on remediation, re-occupancy of residences, as well as determine the degree of contamination of personal property in an inactive clandestine laboratory. By partnering with stakeholders, NIOSH was able to achieve two primary goals: (1) to develop a level of awareness in health department sanitarians, law enforcement personnel and other first responders that methamphetamine surface contamination was a potentially significant route of exposure; (2) to validate our methods in the field and to develop protocols for proper use and interpretation of the results.
Imposing Curvature on a Polyarene by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation Reactions:  A Simple Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,g]corannulene (2000)

Palladium catalysis has been found to offer an effective solution-phase alternative to gas-phase flash vacuum pyrolysis as a method for converting the planar ring system of 7, 10-di(2-bromophenyl)fluoranthene (4) to that of the C(28)H(14) bowl-shaped fullerene fragment dibenzo[a,g]corannulene (5).
Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? (2019)

Providing healthcare professionals with information concerning sexual behavior may overcome useless and sometimes dangerous barriers and improve patient management, since sexual well-being is considered one of the most important aspects of one's quality of life.
A Novel Tmem119-tdTomato Reporter Mouse Model for Studying Microglia in the Central Nervous System (2019)

Abstract Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The exact role of microglia in the physiopathology of CNS disorders is not clear due to lack of tools to discriminate between CNS resident and infiltrated innate immune cells. Here, we present a novel reporter mouse model targeting a microglia-specific marker (TMEM119) for studying the function of microglia in health and disease. By placing a reporter cassette (GSG-3xFlag-P2A-tdTomato) between the coding sequence of exon 2 and 3’UTR of the Tmem119 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a Tmem119-tdTomato knock-in mouse strain. Gene expression assay showed no difference of endogenous Tmem119 mRNA level in the CNS of Tmem119 tdTomato/+ relative to control Wild-type mice. The cells expressing tdTomato-were recognized by immunofluorescence staining using commercially available anti-TMEM119 antibodies. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques, tdTomato + cells were detected throughout the CNS, but not in peripheral tissues of adult Tmem119 tdTomato/+ mice. In addition, aging does not seem to influence TMEM119 expression as tdTomato + cells were detectable in the CNS of older mice (300 and 540 days old). Further immunofluorescence characterization shows that the tdTomato + cells were highly colocalized with Iba1 + cells (microglia and macrophages) in the brain, but not with NeuN- (neurons), GFAP- (astrocytes) or Olig2- (oligodendrocytes) labeled cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis of brain tissues of adult mice demonstrates that the majority of microglial CD45 low CD11b + cells (96.6%) are tdTomato positive. Functionally, using a laser-induced injury model, we measured time-lapse activation of tdTomato-labeled microglia by transcranial two-photon microscopy in live Tmem119 tdTomato/+ mice. Taken together, the Tmem119-tdTomato reporter mouse model will serve as a valuable tool to specifically study the role of microglia in health and disease.
SNS-595 demonstrates clinical activity and dose-proportional pharmacokinetics (PK) in two phase I clinical studies (2006)

3062 Background: SNS-595 is a novel naphthyridine analog with broad and potent activity in preclinical models. Methods: SNS-595 was administered to patients (pts) with advanced solid cancers as an IV infusion over 10 minutes on 2 schedules: (A) qwk x3/1 week off, and (B) q3wks. Pt eligibility included refractory solid tumors and adequate organ function. Results: In study A, 20 patients (pts) were treated in 6 cohorts (dose range 3–24 mg/m 2 /wk). In study B, 41 pts were treated in 9 cohorts (dose range 3–75 mg/m 2 /wk). After the MTD in heavily pretreated (HP) pts was found, dose escalation in minimally pretreated (MP) pts was evaluated. The median ages were 60.5 yrs (A) and 59.5 yrs (B), sex 12F/8M (A), 16F/25M (B). All pts had a ECOG PS 0–2. Neutropenia was the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) for both studies. The MTD for A was 15 mg/m 2 for HP and MP pts; the MTD for B was 48 mg/m 2 for HP and 60 mg/m 2 for MP pts. For both studies 2 pts had grade 4 thrombocytopenia; non-hematological toxicities were all grade 1/2. In A, pharmacokinetics (PK) were assessed on Days 1 and 15 (after the 1st and 3rd doses); exposure increased linearly over an 8-fold dose range (1.6–15 mcghr/mL), CL, Vss and T 1/2 averaged 2 L/hr/m 2 , 49 L/m 2 , 18 hr, respectively, and did not change from Day 1 to 15. In B, PK were assessed on Day 1 after the 1st dose; exposure increased linearly over the 24-fold dose range (1.1–46 mcghr/mL), CL, Vss, and T 1/2 averaged 2 L/hr/m 2 , 53 L/m 2 , and 21 hrs, respectively. For A, best responses were 4 SD (range 13–22 wks); for B, best responses were 1 PR and 12 SD (range 14–56 wks). Conclusion: SNS-595 was well tolerated and showed clinical activity with both qwk and q3wk dosing. The DLT was non-cumulative neutropenia. SNS-595 demonstrated remarkably predictable PK, with low inter-and intra-patient variability. Based on these data, phase 2 studies of SNS-595 as monotherapy are ongoing, and are planned in combination therapy. [Table: see text]
Device Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFET Using Al2O3-HfO2Laminated High-kDielectric (2004)

This is the first report on an AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor-heterostructure field-effect transistors (MIS-HFET) with an Al2O3-HfO2 laminated high-k dielectric, deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). Based on capacitance-voltage measurements, the dielectric constant of the deposited Al2O3-HfO2 laminated layer was estimated to be 15. The fabricated MIS-HFET with a gate length of 1.2mum exhibited a maximum drain current of 500mA/mm and a maximum transconductance of 125 mS/mm. The gate leakage current was at least 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the reference HFET. The pulsed current-voltage curve revealed that the Al2O3-HfO2 laminated dielectric effectively passivated the surface of the device.
JAK Mutations as Escape Mechanisms to Anti–PD-1 Therapy (2017)

JAK mutations could be one of the primary escape mechanisms to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy via impaired IFNγ signaling in cancer cells and could be used to identify patients unlikely to benefit from these treatments. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 128-30. ©2017 AACR.See related article by Shin et al., p. 188.
Nonlinear Heat-Release/Acoustic Model for Thermoacoustic Instability in Lean Premixed Combustors (1999)

Lean premixed combustors, such as those used in industrial gas turbines to achieve low emissions, are often susceptible to the thermoacoustic combustion instabilities, which manifest themselves as pressure and heat release oscillations in the combustor. These oscillations can result in increased noise and decreased durability due to vibration and flame motion. A physically based nonlinear parametric model has been developed that captures this instability. It describes the coupling of combustor acoustics with the rate of heat release. The model represents this coupling by accounting for the effect of acoustic pressure fluctuations on the varying fuel/air ratio being delivered to the flame, causing a fluctuating heat release due to both fuel air ratio variations and flame front oscillations. If the phasing of the fluctuating heat release and pressure are proper, an instability results that grows into a limit cycle. The nonlinear nature of the model predicts the onset of the instability and additionally captures the resulting limit cycle. Tests of a lean premixed nozzle run at engine scale and engine operating conditions in the UTRC single nozzle rig, conducted under DARPA contract, exhibited instabilities. Parameters from the model were adjusted so that analytical results were consistent with relevant experimental data from this test. The parametric model captures the limit cycle behavior over a range of mean fuel air ratios, showing the instability amplitude (pressure and heat release) to increase and limit cycle frequency to decrease as mean fuel air ratio is reduced.
Control of the IR-spectral shift via modification of the surface relief between the liquid crystal matrixes doped with the lanthanide nanoparticles and the solid substrate (2015)

The influence of the surface nanostructured relief on the near IR-spectral shift and on the structural properties of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) materials doped with nanoparticles from lanthanide group has been considered. The relief mentioned above has been made on the interface between glass substrate with ITO-coatings and the LC mesophase. The specific feature of this relief is based on the applying of the contactless laser deposition technique and on the its modification by using surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) treated with SEW. The modified relief permits to orient LC molecules without direct polymer orienting layers and can be used as conducting layer too. The features mentioned above lead to decrease drastically the resistivity and the bias voltage as well as that permits to increase the transparency and reveal the near IR-shift in the spectral characteristics of the lanthanide-doped LC mesophase.
Electron-impact ionization of H+2using a time-dependent close-coupling method (2005)

The first application of the time-dependent close-coupling method to electron–molecule scattering is used to calculate electron-impact ionization cross sections for H+2. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the six-dimensional wavefunction is reduced to a set of close-coupled equations on a four-dimensional numerical lattice in (r1, θ1, r2, θ2) centre-of-mass spherical polar coordinates. When the non-perturbative close-coupling results for low lM angular momenta are combined with perturbative distorted-wave results for high lM angular momenta, the resulting ab initio ionization cross sections are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental measurements in the intermediate energy range.
Protection of cynomolgus macaques from Ebola Sudan infection (45.10) (2009)

Abstract Ebola virus, a filovirus, is a highly pathogenic human pathogen for which there is no vaccine or treatments licensed for human use. The Sudan subtype of the Ebola virus (SEBOV) was first identified in 1976 after a hemorrhagic fever outbreak in that region of Africa. There were reemergences of the SEBOV in sporadic outbreaks from 2000 to 2004 with a 40-65% case fatality rate in humans. In this study, we evaluated the use of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicon (VRP) vaccine vector expressing the glycoprotein (GP) of Ebola Sudan to protect cynomolgus macaque nonhuman primates (NHP) against a uniformly lethal challenge with SEBOV. We found that six of six NHP vaccinated with VRP expressing GP of Sudan were protected against infection with 1000 PFU of SEBOV. Furthermore, when we back challenged these Sudan survivors with another strain of Ebola, Zaire, there was only a partial protection (two of six survived). When we vaccinated NHP with VRP expressing GP of Sudan and GP of Zaire, we found that all animals were protected from either infection with Sudan or Zaire (three of three survived both infections). Taken in total, these data indicate that vaccination with only one subtype of Ebola virus will not protect against other subtypes. However, there is no interference when using multiple VRP vaccinations against different subtypes of Ebola viruses. These results are encouraging for the development of a multivalent vaccine platform against multiple strains of filoviruses.
Vehicular VLC: A Ray Tracing Study Based on Measured Radiation Patterns of Commercial Taillights (2021)

In this letter, we investigate the performance of vehicular visible light communications based on the radiation patterns of different commercial taillights (TLs) using non-sequential ray tracing simulations. Our simulation results indicate a significant variation in the path loss compared with Lambertian model. Based on the ray tracing results, we propose a new path loss model as a function of the propagation distance considering the asymmetrical radiation pattern of TLs. We use this model to derive the attainable transmission distance. We further present the delay spread for various vehicular communication scenarios to demonstrate the effect of neighboring vehicles.
Oncology over Internet: integrating data and analysis of oncology interest on the net by means of workflows (2005)

The Human Genome Project has transformed biology by providing a list of all genes and proteins, but the field has since then expanded to the management, processing, analysis and visualization of large quantities of data from genomics, proteomics, medicinal chemistry and drug screening. This huge amount of data and the heterogeneity of software tools that are used for its distribution make the tasks of searching, retrieving and integrating the information very difficult. Data is retrieved and analysed by hand by accessing several bioinformatics servers and transferring the data by FTP clients or web browsers by the “cut and paste” technique.
Knockdown of COUP‐TFII inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through upregulating BRCA1 in renal cell carcinoma cells (2016)

COUP-TFII belongs to the nuclear receptor family, which is highly expressed in many kinds of tumors. Previous studies have shown that COUP-TFII can promote tumor progression through regulating tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation and migration of certain cancer cells. However, the function of COUP-TFII in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not clear. Here, we showed that clinical RCC tumor tissues showed much higher COUP-TFII expression level than adjacent normal tissues. When COUP-TFII was knocked down in RCC 769-P and 786-O cells by siRNA or shRNA-expressing lentivirus, the cell proliferation was markedly inhibited, and apoptosis increased. Moreover, the tumor growth of COUP-TFII knockdown 769-P and 786-O xenografts in nude mice was also obviously inhibited. Using qRT-PCR and Western blot, we showed that the expression of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 was upregulated in COUP-TFII knockdown cells. Simultaneously knockdown of BRCA1 and COUP-TFII partially rescued the inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in COUP-TFII single knockdown cells. These results indicate that COUP-TFII may play an oncogenic role in RCC, and COUP-TFII may promote tumor progression through inhibiting BRCA1.
Biomass-Based Activated Carbon and Activators: Preparation of Activated Carbon from Corncob by Chemical Activation with Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids (2020)

Pyrolysis liquids are the main products in biomass pyrolysis, and the strong acidity limits its utilization. Likewise, activators are required in the process of preparing biomass-based activated carbon, and current activators are usually chemical agents and not sustainable. Both issues are addressed with the new concept of using acidic pyrolysis liquids as the activator of biomass-based activated carbon. In the present research, corncob-based activated carbon was prepared with phosphoric acid and pyrolysis liquids (bio-oil and wood vinegar) as activators. The effects of activation temperature and the types of activators on the structure and surface chemical properties of activated carbon were investigated. Results show that the adsorption performance and specific surface area of activated carbon prepared with bio-oil are not as good as that prepared with phosphoric acid and wood vinegar, but its yield is relatively high. Some alkali and earth alkaline metals remain on the activated carbon prepared by bio-oil and wood vinegar. At 450 °C, the surface area and pore volume of activated carbon prepared with bio-oil and wood vinegar were much smaller than the ones prepared with phosphoric acid. Increasing the activation temperature may improve the performance of activated carbon. The specific surface area of activated carbon prepared with wood vinegar as the activator can reach 384.35 m<sup>2</sup>/g at an activation temperature of 850 °C, which is slightly inferior to that prepared with phosphoric acid as the activator. However, the adsorption amount of methylene blue exceeds the activated carbon prepared with phosphoric acid. This shows that wood vinegar can be used as an activator to prepare biomass-based activated carbon to achieve sustainability of the entire preparation process of biomass-based activated carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Pheromone Synthesis. Part 195. Synthesis of (1R*,3R*,7R*)‐3‐Methyl‐α‐himachalene, the Racemate of the Male‐Produced Sex Pheromone of the Sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis from Jacobina, Brazil. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GAN-MDF: A Method for Multi-fidelity Data Fusion in Digital Twins (2021)

The Internet of Things (IoT) collects real-time data of physical systems, such as smart factory, intelligent robot and healtcare system, and provide necessary support for digital twins. Depending on the quality and accuracy, these multi-source data are divided into different fidelity levels. High-fidelity (HF) responses describe the system of interest accurately but are computed costly. In contrast, low-fidelity (LF) responses have a low computational cost but could not meet the required accuracy. Multi-fidelity data fusion (MDF) methods aims to use massive LF samples and small amounts of HF samples to develop an accurate and efficient model for describing the system with a reasonable computation burden. In this paper, we propose a novel generative adversarial network for MDF in digital twins (GAN-MDF). The generator of GAN-MDF is composed of two sub-networks: one extracts the LF features from an input; and the other integrates the input and the extracted LF features to form the input of the subsequent discriminator. The discriminator of GAN-MDF identifies whether the generator output is a real sample generated from HF model. To enhance the stability of GAN-MDF's training, we also introduce the supervised-loss trick to refine the generator weights during each iteration of the adversarial training. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed GAN-MDF has the following advantages: 1) it performs well in the case of either nested or unnested sample structure; 2) there is no specific assumption on the data distribution; and 3) it has high robustness even when very few HF samples are provided. The experimental results also support the validity of GAN-MDF.
Using ensemble weather forecast in a risk based real time optimization of urban drainage systems (2015)

Global Real Time Control (RTC) of urban drainage system is increasingly seen as cost-effective solution in order to respond to increasing performance demand (e.g. reduction of Combined Sewer Overflow, protection of sensitive areas as bathing water etc.). The Dynamic Overflow Risk Assessment (DORA) strategy was developed to operate Urban Drainage Systems (UDS) in order to minimize the expected overflow risk by considering the water volume presently stored in the drainage network, the expected runoff volume based on a 2-hours radar forecast model and an estimated uncertainty of the runoff forecast. However, such temporal horizon (1-2 hours) is relatively short when used for the operation of large storage facilities, which may require a few days to be emptied. This limits the performance of the optimization and control in reducing combined sewer overflow and in preparing for possible flooding. Based on DORA's approach, this study investigated the implementation of long forecast horizon using an ensemble forecast from a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model. The uncertainty of the prediction is characterized by an ensemble of 25 forecast scenarios. According to the status of the UDS and the forecasted runoff volumes, the objectives for the control strategies might vary from optimization of water volumes to reduction of CSO risk. Thus different modes are implemented in DORA-LF (Long Forecast) in order to adjust the control strategies to the situations. In order to handle the long forecast, the horizon is divided into multiple and variable time step. This new approach was tested on selected rain events and shows an improvement in the protection of sensitive areas during long or/and coupled events by allowing anticipated CSO in low sensitivity areas.