gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus-induced glucose metabolic disorder (2015)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often causes intrahepatic diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, liver chirrohsis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, HCV infection exhibits various extrahepatic manifestations, such as thyroiditis, glucose and lipid metabolic disorder, and iron metabolic disorder. HCV infection is often associated with type 2 diabetes, involving hepatic fibrosis and poor prognosis. Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of HCC. We have been investigating molecular mechanisms of HCV-induced glucose metabolic disorder and we reported that HCV infection promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis through forkhead box O1 (FoxO1)-dependent pathway and that HCV infection suppresses the cell surface expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), resulting in suppression of glucose uptake. We have found that HCV NS5A protein plays important roles in these two independent pathways. Here we discuss the roles of HCV NS5A in HCV-induced glucose metabolic disorder.
rTMS of the occipital cortex abolishes Braille reading and repetition priming in blind subjects (2007)

To study the functional involvement of the visual cortex in Braille reading, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over midoccipital (MOC) and primary somatosensory (SI) cortex in blind subjects. After rTMS of MOC, but not SI, subjects made significantly more errors and showed an abolishment of the improvement in reading speed following repetitive presentation of the same word list, suggesting a role of the visual cortex in repetition priming in the blind.
Mechanistic Modeling for CO2 Corrosion with Protective Iron Carbonate Films (2001)

The mechanistic model of uniform CO corrosion is presented which covers: electrochemical reactions at the steel surface, diffusion of species between the metal surface and the bulk including diffusion through porous surface films, migration due to establishment of potential gradients and homogenous chemical reactions including precipitation of surface films. The model can predict the corrosion rate, as well as the concentration and flux profiles for all species involved. Comparisons with laboratory experiments have revealed the strengths of the model such as its ability to assist in understanding of the complex processes taking place during corrosion in the presence of surface films.
The face-selective ERP component (N170) is correlated with the face-selective areas in the fusiform gyrus (FFA) and the superior temporal sulcus (fSTS) but not the occipital face area (OFA): a simultaneous fMRI-EEG study (2010)

Human neuroimaging studies of face processing reveal robust and reliable face-selective responses. Event-related potential studies report that faces elicit a negative component, which peaks 170ms after stimulus onset (N170), which is higher for faces than non-face objects. Functional MRI studies typically reveal three face-selective regions in the fusiform gyrus (FFA), superior temporal sulcus (STS) and occipital face area (OFA). Despite the extensive investigation of these face-selective neural responses in the past decade, hardly any study has examined the relationship between them and no study measured them simultaneously. Given the high-temporal resolution of ERPs and the relatively high-spatial resolution of fMRI, such an investigation may shed light on possible neural sources of the N170 on one hand, and the time when information is processed by fMRI face-selective regions, on the other hand. Here we report the first simultaneous EEG-fMRI study of face processing. Faces and non-faces (chairs) were presented in a rapid-event related design. We first demonstrate that despite the major artifacts that the MR gradients generate in the EEG signal, we are able to remove these artifacts and obtain reliable face-selective N170 during simultaneous recording. Furthermore, the laterality of the N170 (the difference between its face-selectivity over the right and left electrodes) was strongly correlated with the laterality of the volume or the face-selectivity of the FFA and the STS but not the OFA. These findings are consistent with recent TMS data, which suggests that the OFA is engaged in face processing 100ms after stimulus onset, prior to the 170ms latency and with models that suggest that the OFA sends parallel inputs to the more anterior FFA and STS. These two regions may operate on different types of face information, but at the same latency of 170ms after stimulus onset.
Connecting the Individual to the Organisation: Employers' Response to Stress in the Workplace (2003)

Stress affects not only the well-being of the individual but also the productivity of businesses. Two separate studies were undertaken in the Borough of Merton in order to assess what policies employers had to deal with employee stress and how they promoted mental health. Findings indicated that stress was a factor in staff sickness and almost one in four staff absences were stress-related. Although the majority of employers saw it as the responsibility of the NHS to deal with such stress and only a third of businesses had a stress management policy, the majority recognised a need for further initiatives to promote mental health in the workplace. The main recommendation arising from this work is the need for employers to take a more active organisational role in monitoring and managing work-related stress. An approach based on the work of Cox (1990) is proposed, which moves away from working at a personal level to a more strategic organisational level when thinking about occupational stress.
A Mobility Based Link Layer Approach for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

Several MAC protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These include T-MAC, D-MAC and the more commonly utilized SMAC. In this paper, we propose a new MAC layer approach to support mobility in WSNs. The proposed technique utilizes an adaptive frame size approach to overcome the effect of frame losses caused by the Doppler shifts under mobile scenarios. An extended Kalman filter is used to predict the frame size for each transmission, which also directly enhances the energy efficiency of the system. Our results show that based on the adaptive frame size predictor and its comparison with the SMAC protocol, the proposed technique can improve overall system performance and deliver enhanced energy efficiency of 24% under mobility. The current implementation of ns-2 does not take into consideration the packet error rate. As another contribution of our work, we have developed a physical layer model for ns-2, which processes the received frame based not only on the fading characteristics of the signal but also the SNR and relative velocity between the nodes. To characterize a more accurate wireless sensor networks' physical layer, we have modeled the Mica-2 sensors in MATLAB and implemented the model in ns-2 for simulations.
Combinatorial Domain Swaps Provide Insights into the Rules of Fungal Polyketide Synthase Programming and the Rational Synthesis of Non‐Native Aromatic Products (2013)

Playing by the rules: Combinatorial domain swaps among “deconstructed” non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) revealed the rules behind product assembly (see scheme). The control exerted by individual catalytic domains was found to be sufficiently great that heterocombinations of domains from different NR-PKSs synthesized products in a predictable manner. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Background free imaging of upconversion nanoparticle distribution in human skin (2012)

Widespread applications of nanotechnology materials have raised safety concerns due to their possible penetration through skin and concomitant uptake in the organism. This calls for systematic study of nanoparticle transport kinetics in skin, where high-resolution optical imaging approaches are often preferred. We report on application of emerging luminescence nanomaterial, called upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), to optical imaging in skin that results in complete suppression of background due to the excitation light back-scattering and biological tissue autofluorescence. Freshly excised intact and microneedle-treated human skin samples were topically coated with oil formulation of UCNPs and optically imaged. In the first case, 8- and 32-nm UCNPs stayed at the topmost layer of the intact skin, stratum corneum. In the second case, 8-nm nanoparticles were found localized at indentations made by the microneedle spreading in dermis very slowly (estimated diffusion coefficient, D(np) = 3-7 × 10(-12) cm(2) · s(-1)). The maximum possible UCNP-imaging contrast was attained by suppressing the background level to that of the electronic noise, which was estimated to be superior in comparison with the existing optical labels.
Characterization of the Metallization Induced Recombination Losses in Industrial Silicon Solar Cells (2019)

Screen printing is the dominant technique for contact formation of industrial high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. Accurately quantify the metallization induced recombination losses of the metal contacts (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0c</sub> ) remain a hot topic. We present a comprehensive analysis of the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0c</sub> at the metal-Si interface as a function of the finger width and firing temperature. The dimension-dependent J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0c</sub> properties are investigated and possible explanations are discussed. By extracting J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0c</sub> directly from finished solar cells, it opens up the opportunity to quantify the contact recombination property in a fast and efficient manner, since no specially prepared midstream structures will be required for the analysis.
Vitronectin in Vascular Context: Facets of a Multitalented Matricellular Protein (2011)

Vitronectin is an abundant adhesive glycoprotein in blood plasma and is found associated with different extracellular matrix sites, the vessel wall, and tumor cells, particularly upon tissue remodeling, injury/repair, or under disease conditions. Plasma vitronectin is a structurally labile molecule that may be converted into a multimeric/multivalent form by interaction with various (hemostatic) factors or through surface binding. Several distinct binding domains along the vitronectin sequence for integrin-type cell adhesion receptors, for urokinase receptor or proteoglycans as well as for growth factors, endow vascular matrix- or fibrin-associated vitronectin with differentiated cell attachment and aggregatory properties. These were found to be relevant for modulation of the cell-matrix interface in angiogenesis, hemostasis and thrombus formation, or wound repair, respectively. Other vitronectin ligands include plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 or high molecular weight kininogen that confer strong antiadhesive functions upon integrin- or urokinase receptor-mediated cell interactions with vitronectin. Together, vitronectin acts as a potent matricellular factor, coordinating cell migration with pericellular proteolysis and growth factor signaling at sites of tissue remodeling or in tumors. Structure-function studies of such vitronectin-related ligands and receptors lead to the characterization of their mode of action, also stimulating the search for new antagonists in tumor angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, or atherosclerosis. This review focuses on new developments in vitronectin biology, with particular emphasis on regulatory mechanisms of the protein in the context of cell adhesion/migration/proliferation and cell-dependent proteolysis, relevant for our understanding of hemostasis, thrombosis, tissue repair, and vascular diseases.
Micrononuniformity effects in thin-film photovoltaics (2003)

We discuss the effects of micrononuniformities on thin-film photovoltaics. The key factors are the device large area and the presence of potential barriers. We model the nonuniformity effects in terms of random microdiodes connected in parallel through a resistive electrode. Microdiodes of low open circuit voltage affect macroscopically large regions. They strongly reduce the device performance and induce nonuniform degradation in several different modes. We support our predictions with experimental results on CdTe/CdS dot cells.
Comparative evaluation of implantation damage produced by N and P ions in 6H‐SiC (2003)

The result of N, P and P + N implantations performed at room temperature in 6H-SiC has been comparatively evaluated. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy we focus on the change in bulk LO-phonon intensity as a function of ions and ion-fluency. We find that the effective damage cross section for phosphorus is about 30% larger than the one for nitrogen. After annealing, good recovery is found but atomic force microscopy still evidences increased surface roughness.
Different Type Tin Based Protective Coatings Structures For Aircraft Engine Compressor Blades (2015)

The development of modern science and technologies increases the demand on the materials used. The use of different aircraft engine components and materials structures in aggressive environments or elevated temperature necessitate improvement of existing and development of new materials. They should be characterized by ease of production, high performance and physicochemical properties. An important role in this field also concerns appropriately selected protective coatings and modification of surface layer that significantly affect the range of applicability. They are designed mainly to improve wear and corrosion resistance in elevated temperature of operation. The tendency in the development of surface layer engineering are thin coatings, based on small range diffusivity and pure coating systems. The development of new types of these materials systems will not only increase the efficiency of conventionally used elements but also introduce new procedural methodology for aviation industry. More and more attention in the field is paid to PVD techniques. The presented paper focuses on new types of materials systems obtained with this method. The authors focused their study on investigation of coatings of TiN, TiAlN and TiCN types and their impact on properties of titanium Grade 2 as a substrate. This material is conventionally used for production of aircraft engine compressors blades and is an excellent example for modification of elements performance parameters. Different coatings obtained on the same substrate allowed investigation of their impact on corrosion, erosion and wear resistance. Additionally, complex microstructure investigation has been performed in meaning to describe the substrate-coating materials system characteristic.
Optimal Synchronization based on Anchor Phase Linear Regression for Self-Interference Cancellation in Software-Defined-Radio Fiber-Wireless Systems (2017)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a synchronization method based on the linear regression of phase response over an anchor downlink band to provide optimal suppression for self-interference cancellation in centralized software-defined-radio fiber-wireless systems.
On Classification with Pairwise Comparisons, Support Vector Machines and Feature Domain Overlapping (2014)

Most existing classification algorithms either consider all features as equally important (equal weights), or do not analyze the consistency of weights assigned to features. When features are not equally important, assigning consistent weights is not an obvious task. In general, we have two cases. The first case assumes that a given sample of data does not contain any clues about the importance of features, so the weights are provided by a pool of experts and they are usually inconsistent. The second case assumes that the given sample contains some information about feature importance, hence we can derive the weights directly from the sample. In this paper, we deal with both cases. Pairwise comparisons and weighted support vector machines (SVMs) are used for the first case. For the second case, a new approach based on the observation that the feature importance could be determined by the discrimination power of features has been proposed. For the first case, we start with pairwise comparisons to rank the importance of features, then we use distance-based inconsistency reduction to refine the weight assessment and make the comparisons more precise. Next, we calculate the weights through the fully consistent or almost consistent pairwise comparison tables. For the second case, a novel concept of feature domain overlappings has been introduced. It can measure the feature discrimination power. This model is based on the assumption that less overlapping means more discriminatory ability, and this can be used to calculate weights characterizing the importance of particular features. For both cases, weighted SVMs are used to classify the data. Both methods have been tested using two benchmark datasets, Iris and Vertebral. The results were especially superior to those obtained without weights.
Round-table discussion: Fulminant hepatitis and/or acute liver failure (2007)

國土典宏／坪内博仁／井上和明(前列) ，三代俊治／持田智／滝川康裕(後列)＜座 談 会＞ 座談会
Ruthenium(II) meso-tetra-(benzo-15-crown-5)-porphyrinates: synthesis and spectroscopic investigation (2007)

The synthesis of novel ruthenium(II) meso-tetra-(benzo-15-crown-5)-porphyrinates, meso-[( B 15 C 5) 4 Por ] Ru ( CO )( MeOH ) (1) and meso-[( B 15 C 5) 4 Por ] Ru ( L ) 2 (2)-(4) (meso-[( B 15 C 5) 4 Por ] 2 -= 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(benzo-15-crown-5)-porphyrinato-dianion; L = pyridine (py), pyrazine (pyz), 4,4′-bipyridyl (4,4′-bpy)), where CO and MeOH , or two N -donor ligands are axially coordinated to the central metal, are reported. The metalation of the free ligand performed by the reaction of Ru 3 ( CO ) 12 with meso-[( B 15 C 5) 4 Por ] H 2 in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB, bp = 215°C), gives (1) in a high yield. The synthesis of (2)-(4) involves the decarbonylation of (1) with trimethylamine N -oxide (( CH 3 ) 3 NO ) in the presence of an excess of the N -donor ligand. The coordination of the axially bonded ligands is evidenced by different spectroscopic data.
Characterisation of a monoclonal antibody against native human type I collagen (1990)

A monoclonal antibody against a pepsin-soluble mammalian type I collagen has been produced. This antibody, subclass IgG1, kappa, was specific for type I collagen and did not cross-react with a range of other collagen types or connective tissue proteins. The epitope recognized by the antibody was dependent upon an intact triple-helical structure for the collagen, and was shown by rotary shadowing and by immunoblotting of collagenase-derived fragments to be near the C-terminal of the pepsin-soluble collagen. Although the antibody had a low affinity, with Kd = 4 x 10(-7) M, it could be used for immunohistology of tissue sections and for studies of collagen produced by cells in culture. The antibody, which was raised against human collagen, also recognized type I collagens from certain other species, including calf, pig, sheep, goat and dog.
Consumo e produção de leite de vacas mestiças Lactantes em pastejo de Capim-Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) sob duas doses de Nitrogênio. (2008)

Foram estimados a produção de leite, o consumo voluntário de matéria seca e a taxa de passagem da FDN no trato gastrintestinal em quatro épocas do ano (julho, outubro, janeiro e março), de vacas mestiças, sob pastejo de capim-elefante, submetido a doses de 300 e 700 kg de N/ha/ano. Utilizou-se o pastejo rotativo com três dias de ocupação e 30 de descanso, empregando-se 36 vacas lactantes mestiças H ´ Z, numa lotação de 6 vacas/ha, sendo a estimativa de consumo e a taxa de passagem determinadas em apenas 24 animais. Para a coleta de extrusas foram utilizadas duas vacas esôfago-fistuladas. O consumo foi estimado usando-se a relação produção fecal : indigestibilidade dos alimentos. A produção fecal foi estimada utilizando-se a FDN da extrusa marcada com dicromato de sódio fornecida em dose única. O consumo de MS total não foi afetado pelas doses de nitrogênio, nem por épocas, registrando-se valores médios diários de 10,9 e 10,5 kg de MS/vaca para as doses de 300 e 700 kg de N/ha/ano, respectivamente. Entretanto, o consumo de MS do capim-elefante foi afetado por doses de N e épocas, observando-se valores de 6,5 e 5,6 kg/vaca/dia para as doses acima. O capim-elefante teve uma participação média na matéria seca total ingerida, de 26,0% (julho/outubro) e 84,0% (janeiro/março). A produção diária de leite não foi afetada por doses de nitrogênio, observando-se produções médias de 11,6 e 12,3 kg de leite/vaca/dia, para as doses de 300 e 700 kg de N, respectivamente.
Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions for deformation invariant shape representation (2007)

A deformation invariant representation of surfaces, the GPS embedding, is introduced using the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami differential operator. Notably, since the definition of the GPS embedding completely avoids the use of geodesic distances, and is based on objects of global character, the obtained representation is robust to local topology changes. The GPS embedding captures enough information to handle various shape processing tasks as shape classification, segmentation, and correspondence. To demonstrate the practical relevance of the GPS embedding, we introduce a deformation invariant shape descriptor called G2-distributions, and demonstrate their discriminative power, invariance under natural deformations, and robustness.
Infection-free Clinical Response Among Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa Who Were Treated With Adalimumab: Results from Two Phase 3 Studies. (2017)

Results of this integrated analysis indicate that patients with hidradenitis suppurativa who received a short duration of ADA treatment experienced better combined efficacy and similar safety compared with placebo. Further studies investigating longer ADA treatment may demonstrate further improvements in duration of infection-free clinical response.