gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The role of preoperative embolization in renal cell carcinoma]. (1985)

In 84 cases of renal cell carcinoma, the effect of embolization was assessed by dividing the patients into two groups: those having undergone (42 cases) or not having undergone (42 cases) embolization. A 16% decrease in tumor volume following embolization using an MMC-micro capsule was noted. In patients without metastasis at nephrectomy, a tendency was observed for the incidence of postoperative metastasis to be lower with more favorable survival for the group with embolization than that without. On the other hand, among cases with metastasis at nephrectomy, there were more patients who survived for a longer period in the embolization group.
Mixing of Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polypropylenes in the Melt (2000)

The miscibility of polypropylene (PP) melts in which the chains differ only in stereochemical composition has been investigated by two different procedures. One approach used detailed local information from a Monte Carlo simulation of a single chain, and the other approach takes this information from a rotational isomeric state model devised decades ago, for another purpose. The first approach uses PRISM theory to deduce the intermolecular packing in the polymer blend, while the second approach uses a Monte Carlo simulation of a coarse-grained representation of independent chains, expressed on a high-coordination lattice. Both approaches find a positive energy change upon mixing isotactic PP (iPP) and syndiotactic PP (sPP) chains in the melt. This conclusion is qualitatively consistent with observations published recently by Mülhaupt and co-workers. The size of the energy change on mixing is smaller in the MC/PRISM approach than in the RIS/MC simulation, with the smaller energy change being in better agreement with the experiment. The RIS/MC simulation finds no demixing for iPP and atactic polypropylene (aPP) in the melt, consistent with several experimental observations in the literature. The demixing of the iPP/sPP blend may arise from attractive interactions in the sPP melt that are disrupted when the sPP chains are diluted with aPP or iPP chains.
Antigen‐specific tumor vaccine efficacy in vivo against prostate cancer with low class I MHC requires competent class II MHC (2002)

Our results demonstrate that class I MHC-restricted antigen presentation and CTL activity is neither necessary nor sufficient for antigen-encoding vaccinia immunization to induce protective immunity against class I MHC-low tumors, whereas host class II MHC-mediated antigen presentation facilitates antigen-specific immunity against prostate cancer in vivo. Reduced expression of the target antigen developed rapidly in vivo as an immune escape mechanism for such cancers.
Random Packings and Coverings of the Unit n-Sphere (1967)

It is well known that the quantity M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> (n, θ), the maximum number of nonoverlapping spherical caps of half angle θ (a “packing”) which can be placed on the surface of a unit sphere in Euclidean n-space is not less than exp [– n log sin 2θ + o(n)] (θ < π/4). In this paper we give a new proof of this fact by a “random coding” argument, the central part of which is a theorem which asserts that if a set of roughly exp (–n log sin 2 θ) caps is chosen at random, that on the average only a very small fraction of the caps will overlap (when n is large). A related problem is the determination of M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (n, θ), the minimum number of caps of half angle θ required to cover the unit Euclidean n-sphere. We show that M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> (n, θ) = exp [–n log sin θ + o(n)]. The central part of the proof is also a random coding argument which asserts that if a set roughly exp (–n log sin θ) caps is chosen at random, that on the average only a very small fraction of the surface of the n-sphere will remain uncovered (when n is large).
Lithium Iron Phosphate and Lithium Titanate Oxide Cell Performance under High Power Requirements of Electric Bus Applications (2018)

Transport is a crucial aspect of our developed societies but traffic is also the main cause of air pollution in European cities. Consequently, a major trend in the cities is shifting to electric buses. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries are widely used in battery electric buses mainly due to its high cycling-life, good power parameters and high thermal stability. Now, new lithium ion technologies as Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) batteries open the possibility for new recharging strategies. However, the information regarding battery technologies and electric bus performance is still scarce. For this reason, in this paper it is analyzed LFP and LTO cells behavior under the high power requirements of electric bus applications.
Resource allocation for wireless relay channels (2005)

Resource allocation for a fading orthogonal relay channel model is investigated, where the source transmits to the relay and destination in one channel, and the relay transmits to the destination in an orthogonal channel. Separate power constraints at the source and relay are assumed. The fading state information is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and receiver. The source and relay can allocate their power adaptively according to the instantaneous channel state information. An achievable rate for this model is derived, and is optimized over the power allocation at the source and relay. This optimization is a max-min problem. A general technique for solving this max-min problem is introduced and applied to derive the optimal power allocation. The analysis is extended to the joint optimization of power and channel resource (time and bandwidth) allocations. In these scenarios, the maximum capacity of the channel (optimized over all possible power and channel resource allocations) is obtained for some special cases.
Setting research priorities for effective management of a threatened ecosystem: Australian alpine and subalpine peatland (2023)

Abstract Threatened ecosystem conservation requires an understanding of the effectiveness of management and the challenges hindering successful protection and recovery. Bringing together researchers, land managers and policymakers to identify key threats, management needs, and knowledge gaps provides a unified account of the evidence and tools needed to improve threatened ecosystem management. We undertook a research prioritization process for Australian alpine and subalpine peatlands with experts across policy, research, and management. Through individual interviews, structured group discussions, and voting, we generated 25 priority research questions that, if addressed, would enhance our capacity to conserve peatlands. Knowledge gaps spanned four topics: understanding peatland dynamics, impacts of threats, methods to manage these, and the effectiveness of management. Consistent monitoring standards, an open‐access knowledge platform and commitment to long‐term joint research and management were identified as vital. This collaboration enabled development of a shared agenda of research priorities to target knowledge gaps for informing policy and management of threatened alpine peatlands. Our findings substantiate the importance of stronger ongoing collaboration among researchers, land managers and policymakers across jurisdictions to support conservation.
Bits, dtts, and fdi flows: an overview (2009)

There is a controversy about the extent to which bilateral investment treaties (and double taxation treaties) lead to increased FDI flows. This text – the overview chapter of a volume that brings together the literature on this subject – draws the conclusions for these various contributions.
High-efficiency conversion of glycerol to D-lactic acid with metabolically engineered Escherichia coli (2012)

Escherichia coli strain CICIM B0013 was genetically engineered to efficiently produce optically pure D-lactate (higher than 99.9%) from glycerol with a minimum of by-products. When E. coli B0013-070 (DackA, Dpta, Dpps, DpflB, Ddld, DpoxB, DadhE,DfrdA) was cultivated aerobically for 9 h followed by 27 h under microaerobic fermentation, it produced 98.5 g l-1 of D-lactate with no more than 2 g l-1 total by-products from glycerol. During the microaerobic phase, the average D-lactate productivity and yield were 3.45 g l-1 h-1 and 64 g/100 g glycerol, respectively. Elevated expression of the lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhA) in strain B0013-070 improved conversion of glycerol to D-lactate resulting in a yield and productivity of 78 g/100 g glycerol and 3.65 g l-1 h-1, respectively. The metabolically engineered E. colistrain B0013-070 (pTH-ldhA) efficiently converted glycerol to D-lactate with a 2.1-foldhigher D-lactate productivity than previously reported. It is concluded that overexpression of ldhA at an appropriate level is important for the balance between cell growth and D-lactate synthesis. Furthermore, biodiesel-based glycerol can be an appropriate substrate for industrial scale D-lactate production.

	 

	Key words: D-Lactate, glycerol, Escherichia coli, metabolic engineering, overexpression of ldhA.
ChemInform Abstract: THE STABILITY OF THE SECONDARY LITHIUM ELECTRODE IN TETRAHYDROFURAN‐BASED ELECTROLYTES (1978)

Abstract Die Stabilität von Elektrolyten auf THF‐Basis (mit LiAsFö, LiBH 4 oder LiClO 4 als Leitelektrolyten) gegenüber massivem und elektroplattiertem Li wird anhand von Lagertests und Lade‐Entlade‐Zyklen untersucht.
Treatment of (NZB x NZW)F1 disease with anti-I-A monoclonal antibodies. (1983)

(NZB x NZW)F1 mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome characterized by a fatal immune complex glomerulonephritis. Administration of monoclonal antibodies specific for an I region gene product (I-Az) of the H-2 haplotype associated with susceptibility to glomerulonephritis in these animals produced a remission in female mice with established renal disease. The results demonstrated that anti-I-A therapy stabilized the level of proteinuria and increased the 1-yr survival rate from 10% to greater than 90% in treated animals relative to control mice. These findings may ultimately have therapeutic potential for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality (2013)

In two large, independent cohorts of nurses and other health professionals, the frequency of nut consumption was inversely associated with total and cause-specific mortality, independently of other predictors of death. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation.).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Borane‐Catalyzed Reduction of Imines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advanced reliability methods (1999)

This paper proposes three new advanced techniques for engineering reliability analysis. These are computational tools that interface with the physical behavior model of the system and use the statistical information about the primitive random variables to estimate the reliability. Three types of strategies have been used for such computation: analytical methods, response surface methods, and Monte Carlo simulation. All three strategies are improved for efficiency and accuracy with the proposed techniques. In the case of analytical methods, a multiple linear approximation of the limit state is proposed for the reliability estimation of highly nonlinear problems. For problems with large computational models, response surface approximation may be expensive. An alternative approach based on the kriging technique is proposed to overcome this hurdle. Similarly, the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation is greatly improved by the use of an adaptive importance sampling technique.
Control of nephrotoxicity in the rat during repeated cis‐platinum treatments (1989)

The nephrotoxicity of cis-platinum (CDDP) in the rat can be controlled throughout a series of weekly administrations of CDDP (each of 5 mg kg-1, i.v.) for at least three weeks by a combination of protective measures involving pretreatment with dithiocarbamates and diuretics and the administration of appropriate dithiocarbamates given 1 h after the CDDP. The use of dithiocarbamates with polar substitutents is effective in removing both renal and hepatic deposits of platinum from rats subsequent to its administration and in this respect these compounds are significantly superior to meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in the rate at which platinum is removed and in the amounts removed. The most effective of the dithiocarbamates remove ca. 70% of the platinum from the kidneys and the liver; the least effective remove ca. 50% of the platinum from these organs when given at a level of 1.57 mmol kg-1 i.p. for 6 days subsequent to the administration of CDDP. Acetazolamide was shown to be much less effective in preventing renal damage than the dithiocarbamates and was not effective in reducing renal or hepatic levels of platinum. Pretreatment with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate 12 h prior to the administration of the CDDP was more effective in preventing renal damage than the administration of this compound 30 min before the cis-platinum. Several dithiocarbamates are found to be superior to sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in reducing renal platinum burdens of rats given CDDP at the level of 6 mg kg-1, and dose-response curves for the removal of renal and hepatic platinum were determined for sodium N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (NaG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Meat Authentication via Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry of Myoglobin Peptides (2015)

A rapid multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometric method for the detection and relative quantitation of the adulteration of meat with that of an undeclared species is presented. Our approach uses corresponding proteins from the different species under investigation and corresponding peptides from those proteins, or CPCP. Selected peptide markers can be used for species detection. The use of ratios of MRM transition peak areas for corresponding peptides is proposed for relative quantitation. The approach is introduced by use of myoglobin from four meats: beef, pork, horse and lamb. Focusing in the present work on species identification, by use of predictive tools, we determine peptide markers that allow the identification of all four meats and detection of one meat added to another at levels of 1% (w/w). Candidate corresponding peptide pairs to be used for the relative quantification of one meat added to another have been observed. Preliminary quantitation data presented here are encouraging.
Generation of finite state machines from parallel program graphs in DIADES (2002)

A method is presented for describing parallel program graphs in a high-level synthesis system. Such descriptions are, in general, similar to Karp and Miller parallel program schemata and are more general than Petri nets. It is shown how these graphs are converted to sequential program schemata and then to finite state machines (FSMs) in such a way that the number of states is minimized. The entire FSM synthesizer for control unit synthesis in a comprehensive design automation system is presented and illustrated with a complete example. The synthesizer makes use of inputs and state minimization, state assignment, and logic minimization of FSMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Benzo[b]furans by the Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling ofo-Iodoanisoles and Terminal Alkynes, Followed by Electrophilic Cyclization (2005)

[reaction: see text] 2,3-Disubstituted benzo[b]furans are readily prepared under very mild reaction conditions by the palladium/copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of various o-iodoanisoles and terminal alkynes, followed by electrophilic cyclization with I2, PhSeCl, or p-O2NC6H4SCl. Aryl- and vinylic-substituted alkynes undergo electrophilic cyclization in excellent yields. Biologically important furopyridines can be prepared by this approach in high yields.
Expression patterns of HMGA2 in the placenta during pregnancy (2020)

Abstract Background High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) expression can be detected in many embryonic and fetal tissues but becomes down-regulated during postnatal life except for many benign and malignant tumors. In the latter case, its expression has been correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasive growth. The placenta contributes essentially to proper development of the embryo and the fetus. In a tumor-like manner it shows rapid invasive growth during the first weeks of gestation. To address the possible role of HMGA2 during placental development, we have measured its expression throughout the prenatal period and in term placentae by mRNA quantification as well as by immunohistochemistry. Methods Expression of HMGA2 and HPRT was measured on 89 fetal placentas, encompassing calendar gestational age of five to 41 weeks, using quantitative real time-PCR. In eleven cases in addition immunohistochemistry was used to determine the localization of HMGA2 and to compare with data obtained by quantitative real time-PCR. Results The expression of HMGA2 was found to be inversely correlated with gestational age ( p &lt; 0.001). For the first part of the first trimester the level of HMGA2 is high. After that the expression shows a decline down to a baseline level where it remains until birth. HMGA2 protein was mainly detected in the nuclei of the stromal cells in the placental villi. Conclusions During pregnancy, the expression of HMGA2 follows a non-linear pattern of decrease. In the first trimester, from two to three weeks after the implantation of the conceptus until the blood supply is established (hypoxic phase), the expression is high, indicating a critical role during early development and in the control of its invasive behavior, respectively.
Pathological Evaluation of Resected Colorectal Liver Metastases: mFOLFOX6 Plus Bevacizumab versus mFOLFOX6 Plus Cetuximab in the Phase II ATOM Trial (2022)

We compared the preplanned histopathological responses of resected liver metastases from patients who received modified FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab or modified FOLFOX6 plus cetuximab for liver-limited colorectal metastases in the ATOM trial. Fibrosis and viable tumor cells in tumor regression grade (TRG), infarct-like necrosis in modified TRG (mTRG), and dangerous halo (DH) were assessed. Fifty-five patients (28 and 27 patients in the bevacizumab and cetuximab arms, respectively) were divided into the low (viable tumor cells ≤ 50%) and high (>50%) TRG or mTRG groups. DH was characterized as absent/rare or focal/diffuse. Compared to the bevacizumab arm, the cetuximab arm was more effective, with respect to low TRG (13 vs. 23 patients) and absent/rare DH (14 vs. 19 patients), respectively. Low mTRG was similarly observed in both arms. Low TRG/mTRG and absent/rare DH showed better relapse-free survival (RFS) than high TRG/mTRG and focal/diffuse DH. In the bevacizumab arm, a significant difference in RFS existed between the low and high TRG groups, while in the cetuximab arm, for TRG, mTRG, and DH, the low and absent/rare groups demonstrated significantly longer RFS than the high and focal/diffuse groups, respectively. TRG could estimate RFS in patients who underwent liver metastasectomy after bevacizumab or cetuximab chemotherapy.
Integration of Measures of Functional and Structural MRI (2009)

Recent years have seen a renewed interest in brain anatomy in the neuroimaging community. Developments in techniques for structural MR acquisition and analysis have opened new opportunities for structural mapping of the living human brain. For example, high-resolution MR imaging can be used for “in vivo histology”, techniques such as voxel-based morphometry can be used to localise structural variation across populations, diffusion imaging provides information on system-level anatomical connectivity. fMRI studies are increasingly making use of the information provided by such structural mapping techniques in order to discover the anatomical substrate for observed functional effects.
Parallel processing relies on a distributed, low-dimensional cortico-cerebellar architecture (2023)

A characteristic feature of human cognition is our ability to 'multi-task'-performing two or more tasks in parallel-particularly when one task is well learned. How the brain supports this capacity remains poorly understood. Most past studies have focussed on identifying the areas of the brain-typically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-that are required to navigate information-processing bottlenecks. In contrast, we take a systems neuroscience approach to test the hypothesis that the capacity to conduct effective parallel processing relies on a distributed architecture that interconnects the cerebral cortex with the cerebellum. The latter structure contains over half of the neurons in the adult human brain and is well suited to support the fast, effective, dynamic sequences required to perform tasks relatively automatically. By delegating stereotyped within-task computations to the cerebellum, the cerebral cortex can be freed up to focus on the more challenging aspects of performing the tasks in parallel. To test this hypothesis, we analysed task-based fMRI data from 50 participants who performed a task in which they either balanced an avatar on a screen (balance), performed serial-7 subtractions (calculation) or performed both in parallel (dual task). Using a set of approaches that include dimensionality reduction, structure-function coupling, and time-varying functional connectivity, we provide robust evidence in support of our hypothesis. We conclude that distributed interactions between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum are crucially involved in parallel processing in the human brain.
Cellulose Nanofiber Nanosheet Multilayers by the Langmuir–Blodgett Technique (2019)

We describe a systematic approach for producing cellulose nanofiber (CNF) nanosheets using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The CNFs were obtained from sulfuric acid hydrolysis of commercially available microfibrillated cellulose. Needle-like CNFs, negatively charged by grafted sulfate groups, were maintained at the air-water interface, assisted by amphiphilic polymer, poly( N-dodecyl acrylamide) (pDDA). The CNFs produced a stable monolayer. The surface pressure increased steadily with a high collapse pressure of 50 mN m<sup>-1</sup> when spread with formic acid and pDDA. The composite monolayers were transferred onto solid substrates as Y-type LB films using a vertical dipping method. Upstroke and downstroke transfer ratios of the films were, respectively, unity and 0.88, indicating that full coverage was achieved by the monolayer even for more than 200 layers. Results obtained using atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that CNF nanosheets possess well-defined layer structures with average monolayer thickness of 5.3 nm. The relative amount of CNFs in the nanosheets was calculated as 62.6 wt % using the quartz crystal microbalance technique. The as-prepared nanosheets are optically transparent to visible light and have high hydrophobicity. In fact, the nanosheet transparency was higher than 88% at 600 nm wavelength for 24 layers. A miniscule amount of pDDA enables demonstration of free-standing CNF nanosheets with 1 cm width and 45.6 nm thickness (23 layers).