gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Prodromal Symptoms and Pre-Ataxic Stage in Cerebellar Disorders: The Next Challenge (2021)

Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) manifest with a combination of motor incoordination, cognitive, affective and recently identified social symptoms. Novel therapies aim to stop the progression of the subgroup of the degenerative ataxias, or even to cure the disease with a functional and anatomical restoration of the cerebellar circuitry in the near future. The goal of stopping the progression of the disease is particularly relevant if applied at a very early stage of the disease, when the cerebellar reserve is only slightly impaired. Therefore, the search of the prodromal phase or pre-ataxic stage of CAs represents a very important challenge for the scientific community. The identification of pre-manifest individuals and the recruitment of individuals at risk has become a key-challenge to address neuroprotective therapies. The feasibility is high due to the recent progress in the biological and morphological biomarkers of CAs.
Expression and post‐translational processing of preprocecropin A using a baculovirus vector (1991)

A cDNA fragment encoding preprocecropin A was inserted into the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream of the polyhedrin promoter. The gene was expressed in recombinant-infected last instar larvae of Trichoplusia ni and in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia. The identity of the recombinant product was established by electrophoresis with detection of antibacterial activity and mass spectrometry. The prepropeptide had been correctly processed including removal of signal peptide and pro-part. Biologically active and amidated cecropin A was exported to the hemolymph. The yield of recombinant protein in H. cecropia reached a level of 600 micrograms/ml hemolymph and about 70% of the material was amidated.
Where Nanophotonics and Microfluidics Meet (2006)

A new generation of photonic devices has recently emerged that relies on using geometries of sub-wavelength microstructures within a high refractive index contrast materials system. These geometries are used to confine and manipulate light within very small volumes. High optical field densities can be obtained within such structures, and these in turn can amplify optical nonlinearities. Moreover, many of these structures, as for example photonic crystals and slotted waveguides, can be engineered for the efficient localization of light within the low-index regions of high index contrast microstructures. When such structures are back-filled nonlinear polymers or liquids, devices can be tuned and novel phenomena can be observed. In particular, such devices are very interesting when constructed from silicon on insulator (SOI) material in which the optical waveguide also serves as a transparent electrical contact. Here we show examples of the design, fabrication and testing of optical microstructures in which the electro-optic (χ2) and photorefractive (χ3) nonlinearities are used for electro-optic tuning, frequency mixing, optical rectification, and high-speed switching of light. The emergence of such lithographically defined optical devices also enables their integration into spectroscopic systems that can be miniaturized and integrated with electronic and fluidic systems for signal analysis and sample delivery. Now, we can integrate these devices into compact functional systems for spectroscopic analysis. In general, miniaturization results in the opportunity to reduce the sample volumes and improvement in the sensitivity and speed. Here, systems based on silicon on insulator technology, photonic crystal geometries, and the introduction of gain into spectroscopic systems will be presented. We have recently developed replication molding technologies which permit the integration of thousands of fluidic valves in spectroscopic microfluidic analysis systems. By integrating the fluidic and photonic devices, pico-Liter sample delivery can be combined with femto-Liter analytical volumes. Here we will describe this technology and review some preliminary applications of our fluorescence immuno-assay devices, particularly for the analysis of human blood serum for several common cancer markers.
Storing and managing data in a distributed hash table (2008)

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been proposed as a generic, robust storage infrastructure for simplifying the construction of large-scale, wide-area applications. For example, UsenetDHT is a new design for Usenet News developed in this thesis that uses a DHT to cooperatively deliver Usenet articles: the DHT allows a set of N hosts to share storage of Usenet articles, reducing their combined storage requirements by a factor of O( N). Usenet generates a continuous stream of writes that exceeds 1 Tbyte/day in volume, comprising over ten million writes. Supporting this and the associated read workload requires a DHT engineered for durability and efficiency. 
Recovering from network and machine failures efficiently poses a challenge for DHT replication maintenance algorithms that provide durability. To avoid losing the last replica, replica maintenance must create additional replicas when failures are detected. However, creating replicas after every failure stresses network and storage resources unnecessarily. Tracking the location of every replica of every object would allow a replica maintenance algorithm to create replicas only when necessary, but when storing terabytes of data, such tracking is difficult to perform accurately and efficiently. 
This thesis describes a new algorithm, Passing Tone, that maintains durability efficiently, in a completely decentralized manner, despite transient and permanent failures. Passing Tone nodes make replication decisions with just basic DHT routing state, without maintaining state about the number or location of extant replicas and without responding to every transient failure with a new replica. Passing Tone is implemented in a revised version of DHash, optimized for both disk and network performance. A sample 12 node deployment of Passing Tone and UsenetDHT supports a partial Usenet feed of 2.5 Mbyte/s (processing over 80 Tbyte of data per year), while providing 30 Mbyte/s of read throughput, limited currently by disk seeks. This deployment is the first public DHT to store terabytes of data. These results indicate that DHT-based designs can successfully simplify the construction of large-scale, wide-area systems. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Irradiation campaign in MARIA reactor of an innovative calorimeter. Comparison of its nuclear heating measurements with two kinds of classical sensors (2017)

International audience
In vitro transformation of mesenchymal stem cells induces gradual genomic hypomethylation (2010)

Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation was one of the first epigenetic alterations described in cancer cells. However, the cause of this hypomethylation is still poorly understood. We have previously developed a line of primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSC, the putative origin of various types of sarcoma) in which five oncogenic steps toward a fully transformed state are sequentially introduced including: human telomerase, inactivation of p53 and pRb tumor suppressor genes and activation of the oncogenes c-Myc and H-Ras. We hypothesized that DNA hypomethyation would occur during stepwise transformation of MSC and could be a model to investigate the mechanism of global hypomethylation in cancer. Here we show, firstly, that satellite-2 and long interspersed nuclear element 1 repetitive elements became hypomethylated (54 and 30% reduction, respectively) on the introduction of oncogenic H-Ras after the final step of transformation. Secondly, we observed hypomethylation only after 4 weeks in culture following the introduction of H-Ras, suggesting a gradual loss of methylation. Finally, using an inducible estrogen receptor-Ras fusion construct, we were able to transform MSC's in the absence of detectable hypomethylation, suggesting that it was not a requirement for transformation. These studies show that DNA hypomethylation can occur late during stepwise transformation, although in vitro transformation could also take place in the absence of hypomethylation. These data support the hypothesis that DNA hypomethylation occurs via a gradual mechanism and is not a requirement for transformation.
Numerical predictions of pollutant emissions of novel natural gas low NOx burners for heavy duty gas turbine (2018)

In the present work, a numerical analysis of the pollutant emissions of a novel dry low-NOx burner for industrial gas turbine applications is presented. Experimental results available from a recent campaign, performed by BHGE in cooperation with the University of Florence, served as validation tool for the simulation setup and the employed models. A RANS approach and the FGM combustion model have been used to reproduce the global flame behavior and to provide an accurate description of temperature and major species distributions. However, FGM is generally not able to predict the flame emissions, such as NOx, due to a strong separation between the time scales related to the turbulent mixing and to the nitrogen oxidation. To address this issue, specific NOx models are normally used to interrogate the flow field provided by FGM and to recover a more detailed estimation of the burner emissions. Moreover, when operating in part-load conditions, also CO emissions are not likely to be correctly predicted. In fact, as the load decreases, the flame gets closer and closer to its extinction limit and shows a superequilibrium CO concentration in the exhaust gases, which can not be properly described by flamelet-based combustion models. Therefore, based on the original idea of the CO burn-out model proposed by Klarmann, a correction to decouple the effective rate of production of CO from the one provided by FGM has been introduced in ANSYS Fluent. The implemented modification represents a robust and cost-efficient numerical setup for the prediction of CO emissions in heavy-duty gas turbine applications. Moreover, the obtained results provide useful information for the design process, allowing a more detailed description of NOx and CO production, in the perspective of future improvements on nozzle geometry and combustor operability.
Iterative estimation for valvular regurgitant fraction measurements by radionuclide angiocardiography (1978)

Several models have been developed and iterative estimation techniques have been applied to radionuclide angiocardiographic data to measure valvular regurgitation fractions in animal experiments with controlled amounts of regurgitation. The animal model contains a known amount of regurgitation and comparison of the regurgitant fraction estimated from the mathematical models and that measured from the animal models are compared to validate the non-invasive tracer technique. Several new modifications in the two phase mathematical model of cardiac pump function are introduced and data is presented to validate the use of this technique in future patient studies. The techniqueis applicable to mitral and aortic regurgitation as well as combined valvular incompetence.
An Investigation of the Effects of Air Infiltration and Thermal Transmittance on the Design of a Single Low Energy Building for the UK Climate (2013)

Reducing energy consumption in the UK is necessary, both in terms of meeting the regulations set by the EPBD and in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. This thesis examines the potential for achieving buildings with net zero energy performance in the UK, which can help to reduce energy consumption. The thesis uses a literature review method to determine: building end use energy and the methods by which thermal energy can be lost, retained and even gained (through passive solar design) in a building; the importance of minimising thermal transmittance and air infiltration, without causing damage to the building fabric; and passive solar design techniques that can be used to assist in achieving net zero energy performance and the importance of balancing the reduction of thermal energy demand with the comfort of the buildings? occupants. Nine buildings from the USA have been identified as low-, nearly zero- or net zero energy buildings and have been critically analysed to identify and determine the effectiveness of the low energy design and operation techniques that have been used to achieve net zero energy performance. In regards to the buildings that failed to meet net zero energy performance, the reasons for this have been identified. A single, low energy building for the UK climate that has the potential for achieving net zero energy performance is designed using thermal energy simulation software. A base case building energy model is created, followed by a parametric study of low energy design techniques and a study to investigate the optimum modifications for achieving very low thermal energy demand. The findings from the investigations of the thesis are then brought together into a coherent argument. A standard for the design and operation of a single type of commercial building that will be able to function with the same annual thermal energy demand regardless of location in the UK is proposed. It becomes apparent that air infiltration and thermal transmittance of construction elements are the parameters to target to achieve buildings with very low energy consumption. The simulation data suggests that infiltration is responsible for the largest net heat loss and that glazing was responsible for the largest heat gain and heat loss although provided a relatively low net heat loss. It also suggests that roofs provide an overall heat loss that is greater than that from walls, despite a lower thermal transmittance value and a lower overall area. The simulations culminate in a model that predicts thermal energy demand of just 7.4 to 7.7kWh/m2/year is achieved across the 10 locations, which corresponds to an average reduction in thermal energy demand of 85% compared to the base case model.
Multi-task control strategy exploiting redundancy in RMIS (2020)

Intrauterine fetal surgery allows a minimally invasive surgery (FMIS) approach to the treatment of congenital defects. This surgical technique allows the correction of the Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) [1]. TTTS is a severe complication in monochorionic twins’ pregnancies that occurs when there is communication (anastomoses) between the fetuses’ blood systems, which leads to cardiovascular disturbances and results in their death in 90% of cases. A minimally invasive approach is less harmful and allows the preservation of the tissues of the amniotic sac. Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation (FLP) is a MIS intervention to ablate all the intertwin anastomoses to make independent the twins’ vascular systems from each other [2]. A single master single slave teleoperation platform was developed to assist the surgeon during FLP, Fig. 1. The master is composed of a 6DoF haptic device and an interactive user interface containing fetoscopic view, interactive navigation map, etc. The slave is composed of 6DoF robot holding a fetoscope, an active trocar insertion depth control and an automated coagulation laser control system. The platform has been tested by 14 surgeons with different fetoscopic surgical experience, obtaining the face validity. Two main issues have been detected. First, the need of a redundant robot to overcome the kinematic restrictions imposed by the Remote Center of Motion (RCM) and the workspace placement, defined by the placenta position. Second, the need of active humanrobot interaction during pre and post-operative phases (insertion and extraction of the fetoscope) and during surgery to enable a safe shared workspace between medical staff (e.g. auxiliary surgeon with an echographer probe) and robot. Following the generalized framework for control of redundant manipulators in RMIS proposed in [3], this paper proposes a multi-task control strategy exploiting redundancy to improve dexterity and reachability as well as enable human-robot interaction to deal with humanrobot collisions and co-manipulation while performing the surgical task. This work is based on a 7 DoF KUKA LWR 4, a redundant and collaborative robot.
The Therapeutically Anti-prion Active Antibody-fragment scFv-W226: Paramagnetic Relaxation-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy aided Structure Elucidation of the Paratope-epitope Interface (2010)

Abstract Antibodies have become indispensable reagents with numerous applications in biological and biotechnical analysis, in diagnostics as well as in therapy. In all cases, selective interaction with an epitope is crucial and depends on the conformation of the paratope. While epitopes are routinely mapped at high throughput, methods revealing structural insights on a rather short timescale are rare. We here demonstrate paramagnetic relaxation-enhanced (PRE) NMR spectroscopy to be a powerful tool unraveling structural information about epitope-orientation in a groove spanned by the complementary determining regions. In particular, we utilize the spin label TOAC, which is fused to the peptidic epitope using standard solid-phase chemistry and which is characterized by a reduced mobility compared to, e.g., spin labels attached to the side-chain functionalities of cysteine or lysine residues. We apply the method to determine the orientation of helix 1 of the prion protein, which is the epitope for the therapeutically anti-prion active scFv fragment W226.
Spicing up endogenous neural stem cells: aromatic-turmerone offers new possibilities for tackling neurodegeneration (2014)

There is a growing interest in the therapeutic utility of compounds derived from Curcuma longa, an herb of the Zingiberaceae family that has been part of traditional medicine for centuries. Recent reports suggest that bioactive compounds isolated from the rhizome of these plants can address two key aspects of brain injury following stroke that must be dealt with for functional recovery to occur: the moderation of neuroinflammation, and the mobilization of endogenous stem cells resident in the nervous system. Defining their mechanism of action remains a question, but emerging evidence may point towards one shared with more classic modulators of neural stem cell proliferation and survival.
The Statistics of Phytotoxic Air Pollutants (1989)

SUMMARY The usual analysis of data from monitoring pollutant gas concentrations in the rural atmosphere assumes that the concentration frequencies for the whole data set are lognormally distributed. The estimated parameters from these distributions are then used to define the treatment levels applied to plants in experiments which are set up to assess the likely damage to vegetation caused by various pollutant gases. Data for sulphur dioxide and ozone concentrations at a rural site are used to show that this approach is not appropriate for studies on air pollutant effects on plants. Over Europe, phytotoxic concentrations of pollutant gases occur infrequently and their frequency is often underestimated. Extreme value statistics provide much improved estimates of the frequency of peak, potentially damaging concentrations. Consideration of the processes which lead to the production of high concentrations of a gas also indicates that analysis of the whole data set may be less informative than analysis of subsets of the data. Because ozone reacts readily with natural surfaces in conditions of poor atmospheric mixing, as on a calm night, concentrations are strongly influenced by local (1-100m) site characteristics. For studies of larger-scale patterns (20-100km) in concentrations, it is therefore desirable to eliminate these effects. This has proved possible through analysis of subsets of the data.
High‐Affinity [3H]Choline Accumulation in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts (1981)

[3H]Choline can be transported across cell membranes by high-affinity (KT less than 5 microM) and low-affinity (KT much greater than 5 microM) systems. High-affinity choline accumulation (HACA) has been demonstrated in synaptosomes made from cholinergic brain regions such as the hippocampus and caudate-putamen. In cell culture, HACA has been demonstrated in glia and avian telencephalon, dissociated spinal cord, and muscle fibroblasts. We examined [3H]choline accumulation in a single normal human fibroblast line cultured from skin biopsy. [3H]Choline accumulation was temperature-dependent and linear with incubation time up to 6 min at 0.125 microM-choline. The apparent KT for [3H]choline was 5 microM, which is similar to that observed in avian fibroblasts. Isoosmotic replacement of Na+ with either Li+ (144 mM) or sucrose (288 mM) severely reduced [3H]choline accumulation (by 70-90%). Pre-incubation with ouabain (100 microM), sodium orthovanadate (100 microM), or 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 microM), or replacement of Ca2+ by Mg2+ had little or no effect on subsequent [3H]choline accumulation. [3H]Choline accumulation was inhibited by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3); after pre-incubation in HC-3 at 37 degrees C for 10 min, the IC50 (at 0.125 microM-choline) was 5.6 microM. The HC-3 sensitivity, Na+ dependence, and low KT suggest that human skin fibroblasts have a high-affinity transport system for choline.
Respiratory virus infection of mice provokes a permanent humoral immune response (1994)

We have observed that respiratory virus infection of mice provokes an extremely persistent humoral immune reaction, due to a long-sustained population of antibody-secreting cells in the bone marrow. Theories of humoral immunity that strongly distinguish primary and secondary reactions thus may not adequately describe the immune response to respiratory viruses.
C5a Receptor (CD88) Blockade Protects against MPO-ANCA GN (2013)

Necrotizing and crescentic GN (NCGN) with a paucity of glomerular immunoglobulin deposits is associated with ANCA. The most common ANCA target antigens are myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3. In a manner that requires activation of the alternative complement pathway, passive transfer of antibodies to mouse MPO (anti-MPO) induces a mouse model of ANCA NCGN that closely mimics human disease. Here, we confirm the importance of C5aR/CD88 in the mediation of anti-MPO-induced NCGN and report that C6 is not required. We further demonstrate that deficiency of C5a-like receptor (C5L2) has the reverse effect of C5aR/CD88 deficiency and results in more severe disease, indicating that C5aR/CD88 engagement enhances inflammation and C5L2 engagement suppresses inflammation. Oral administration of CCX168, a small molecule antagonist of human C5aR/CD88, ameliorated anti-MPO-induced NCGN in mice expressing human C5aR/CD88. These observations suggest that blockade of C5aR/CD88 might have therapeutic benefit in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and GN.
Preface (2008)

I am pleased to present this Special Supplement of the Australian Dental Journal focused on oral implants. The field of oral implantology is rapidly expanding to not only include a range of products, procedures and expected outcomes but involves a broad range of dental practitioners. This being the case, timely state-of-the-art reviews are essential reading – especially for those involved in this complex and fast-moving field of dentistry. In this Supplement, Guest Editor Professor Iven Klineberg has selected a very impressive panel of local and overseas experts in all fields of implantology. All of the topics presented are relevant to everyday practice and are, importantly, evidence based. I take this opportunity to formally thank Professor Klineberg and all of the contributors for taking the time from their busy schedules to make this Supplement a reality. I am sure it will become a very valuable contribution to the dental literature on the whole and to oral implantology in particular.