gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Syntheses of Imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene-Based Chelates and Blue Emissive Iridium(III) Phosphors for Solution-Processed OLEDs (2022)

Six homoleptic Ir(III) complexes bearing imidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyrazin-2-ylidene chelates were successfully designed and synthesized. Narrowband blue emission (λ<sub>max</sub> = 466-485 nm) and broadened green emission (λ<sub>max</sub> = 518-532 nm) in degassed toluene solution with high photoluminescent quantum yields in the range of 75-81 and 45-48% were observed for <b><i>f</i>-timpz</b>, <b>t2impz</b>, and <b>t2empz</b> as well as <b><i>m</i>-timpz</b>, <b>t2impz</b>, and <b>t2empz</b>, respectively. In addition, the <i>tert</i>-butylphenyl cyclometalate is more electron donating than <i>N</i>-phenyl cyclometalate and, hence, all <i>tert</i>-butylphenyl-substituted derivatives, that is, <b><i>m</i>-</b> and <b><i>f</i>-t2impz</b> and <b><i>m</i>-</b> and <b><i>f</i>-t2empz</b>, give more red-shifted emission in comparison to that of <b><i>m</i>-</b> and <b><i>f</i>-timpz</b>. Moreover, solution-processed OLED with <b><i>f</i>-t2empz</b> (20 wt %) as the dopant gave electrophosphorescence at 474 nm with maximum external quantum efficiency (max. EQE) of 5.1%, while hyper-OLED with assistant sensitizer <b><i>f</i>-t2empz</b> (10 wt %) and the multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter <b>BCzBN</b> (0.5 wt %) afforded narrowband emission centered at 485 nm and max. EQE up to 17.4%, confirming the high potential of this class of Ir(III) metal phosphors.
Spectrographic Analysis of High Purity Tantalum by the D.C. Arc Method (1965)

The recent development of tantalum refining industry has made it necessary to determine the trace impurities in the high purity tantalum products. To meet the requirement of increasing the analytical sensitivity in available methods, a spectrographic d.c.arc method was studied with a medium type quartz spectrograph, Zeiss Qu-24. Experiments were carried out to establish an optimum condition in regard to the various factors, such as carrier, arc current, exposure time, internal standard and analytical line pairs. As a result, the authors succeeded in developing a sensible, simple and rapid method for practical use. The method includes the following procedure; converting the sample to an oxide, mixing with carbon powder which contains two internal standard materials (GeO2, BeO), arcing in a d.c.arc, and photographing spectra with a medium type quartz spectrograph. The method can be applied to the analysis of high purity tantalum products of various forms which is convertible into a tantalum oxide. Furthermore, the method is capable of quantitatively determining the fourteen elements in the tantalum products at the concentrations more than 0.01% Nb and W, 0.003% Mo, 0.001% Ti, 0.0005% Fe and Ca, 0.0003% Si, Cr, V, Ni and Al, 0.0001% Mn and Cu, and 0.00003% Mg, within the error of about 10% in terms of the variation coefficient.
Compact High-Responsivity Receiver Optical Subassembly With a Multimode-Output-Arrayed Waveguide Grating for 100-Gb/s Ethernet (2015)

We developed a compact receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) for 100-Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) using multimode-output-arrayed waveguide grating (MM-AWG) and arrayed photodiodes (PDs). The four-channel silica-based MM-AWG has low insertion loss of less than 1 dB. The back-side-illumined PD with maximized-induced current structure provides high responsivity of 0.95 A/W. To avoid the distortion of the responsivity spectrum due to poor coupling between the multimode beam and PD, we employ a racetrack shape for the active region of the PD. The optical coupling between the MM-AWG and lens-coupled PD is optimized in terms of the flattening ratio of the racetrack shape. The fabricated ROSA has high responsivity of over 0.7 A/W with a flat-top spectrum and obtains high environmental stability thank to its large assembly tolerance of over ± 4 μm. For 4 × 25-Gb/s signals after 10-km transmission, the minimum receiver sensitivity of the ROSA has a margin of 4.8 dB for the Ethernet standard. The transmission performance with a 100-GbE transmitter optical subassembly was also confirmed.
CD81 extracted in SMALP nanodiscs comprises two distinct protein populations within a lipid environment enriched with negatively charged headgroups (2020)

Tetraspanins exert a wide range of cellular functions of broad medical importance. Despite this, their biophysical characteristics are incompletely understood. Only two high-resolution structures of full-length tetraspanins have been solved. One is that of human CD81, which is involved in the infectivity of human pathogens including influenza, HIV, the malarial Plasmodium parasite and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The CD81 crystal structure identifies a cholesterol-binding pocket, which has been suggested to be important in the regulation of tetraspanin function. Here we investigate the use of styrene-maleic anhydride co-polymers (SMA) for the solubilisation and purification of CD81 within a lipid environment. When CD81 was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, it could be solubilised and purified using SMA2000. This SMALP-encapsulated CD81 retained its native folded structure, as determined by the binding of two conformation-sensitive anti-CD81 antibodies. Analysis by size exclusion chromatography revealed two distinct populations of CD81, only one of which bound the HCV glycoprotein, E2. Optimization of expression and buffer conditions increased the proportion of E2-binding competent CD81 protein. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the lipid environment surrounding CD81 is enriched with negatively charged lipids. These results establish a platform to study the influence of protein-lipid interactions in tetraspanin biology.
A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody against the Enzymatic Subunit of Ricin Toxin Rescues Rhesus macaques from the Lethality of Aerosolized Ricin (2018)

Abstract Ricin toxin (RT) ranks at the top of the list of potential bioweapons of concern to civilian and military personnel alike due to its high potential for morbidity and mortality after inhalation. In non-human primates, aerosolized ricin triggers a severe acute respiratory distress characterized by perivascular and alveolar edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and severe necrotizing bronchiolitis and alveolitis. There are currently no approved countermeasures for ricin intoxication. In this report, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of huPB10, a toxin-neutralizing humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb) against an immunodominant epitope on ricin’s enzymatic A chain (RTA). Five rhesus macaques that received intravenous huPB10 (10 mg/kg) four hours after lethal dose ricin aerosol exposure all survived the toxin challenge, as compared to control animals, which succumbed to ricin intoxication within 30 h. Antibody treatment at 12 h after ricin exposure resulted in the survival of only one of five monkeys, indicating that, in the majority of animals, ricin intoxication and local tissue damage had progressed beyond the point where huPB10 intervention was beneficial. Change in pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines levels in bronchial alveolar lavage fluids before and after toxin challenge successfully clustered monkeys based on survival, as well as treatment group. IL-6 was the most apparent marker of ricin intoxication. This study represents the first demonstration in nonhuman primates that the lethal effects of inhalational ricin exposure can be negated by a drug candidate and opens up a path forward for product development.
Correction: Catalytic asymmetric hydrometallation of cyclobutenes with salicylaldehydes (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1SC06035J.].
Potent and selective inhibitors of an aspartyl protease-like endothelin converting enzyme identified in rat lung (1993)

Two structurally distinct series of potent and selective inhibitors of an aspartyl protease-like endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) activity identified in the rat lung have been developed. Pepstatin A, which potently inhibits the rat lung ECE, served as the basis for the first series. Alternatively, selected renin inhibitors containing the dihydroxyethylene moiety were shown to be inhibitors of rat lung activity. Subsequent modifications improved inhibition of the rat lung ECE while eliminating renin activity. Both series of ECE inhibitors demonstrated a range of selectivity over Cathepsin D. Water-solubilizing moieties were appended onto selected compounds to facilitate in vivo testing. Partial reduction of the pressor response to exogenously administered Big ET-1 was observed with selected rat lung ECE inhibitors.
Radial electric field measurement in a tokamak by the injection of a pulsed neutral beam (1994)

The detection of the profile of the radial electric field of a tokamak by the perpendicular injection of a pulsed neutral beam into the plasma is analysed. The method is based on the measurement of the toroidal precession velocity of the ion population thus formed. The toroidal drift is caused by the curvature of the magnetic held lines and by the electric field. For the separation of these two effects, the use of a beam with two energy fractions is studied. The application of this diagnostic scheme in a real tokamak is considered.
The Landsat-6 satellite: an overview (2002)

Landsat 6 (L6), a remote land sensing satellite, is scheduled to be launched into a 705 km, circular, sun-synchronous orbit by a Titan-II booster in mid 1992. The L6 satellite has been designed to provide 30 m spatial resolution multispectral image data continuity via an enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) sensor which includes a panchromatic band with 15 m spatial resolution. A brief background description of the Landsat system is provided and the top-level L6 mission requirements are reviewed to identify the sensor and spacecraft bus design drivers. The L6-era combined EOSAT ground/space system configuration is highlighted. The design and operation of the high-data-rate ETM mission sensor and the major spacecraft bus subsystems are described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Achieving Quality in Open-Source Software (2007)

The open source software community has published a substantial body of research on OSS quality. Focusing on this peer-reviewed body of work lets us draw conclusions from empirical data rather than rely on the large volume of evangelical opinion that has historically dominated this field. This body of published research has become much more critical and objective in its efforts to understand OSS development, and a consensus has emerged on the key components of high-quality OSS delivery. This article reviews this body of research and draws out lessons learned, investigating how the approaches used to deliver high-quality OSS differ from, and can be incorporated into, closed-source software development
Therapeutic equivalence of budesonide/formoterol delivered via breath-actuated inhaler vs pMDI (2015)

BUD/FM 2 × 160/4.5 μg bid BAI is therapeutically equivalent to BUD/FM conventional pMDI. The introduction of BUD/FM BAI would expand options for delivering inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist combination therapy to patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01360021.
Delaunay graphs are almost as good as complete graphs (1987)

Let S be any set of N points in the plane and let DT(S) be the graph of the Delaunay triangulation of S. For all points a and b of S, let d(a, b) be the Euclidean distance from a to b and let DT(a, b) be the length of the shortest path in DT(S) from a to b. We show that there is a constant c(≤ 1+√5/2 π ≈ 5.08) independent of S and N such that DT(a, b)/d(a, b) ≪ c.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

MRSA in children can be community acquired and can cause otitis externa, otitis media with otorrhea, or acute mastoiditis; intravenous therapy that includes vancomycin is necessary for resolution.
Three-dimensional space groups two-dimensional hyperbolic orbifolds and 'sponge' groups (2011)

The external perturbations can be temperature, light irradiation, pressure, and pulsed magnetic fields all may change the magnetic coupling interaction in transition metal systems. Here, we use pressure as external force to study magneto -structural correlation.
Abstract B33: Determination of protein expression of candidate prostate cancer genes from a novel region on chromosome 7 identified in African American men (2017)

Abstract In the United States, African American (AA) men are at 60% higher risk of developing prostate cancer than European American (EA) men, and AA men are 2.4 times more likely to die from prostate cancer than EA men. Although these disparities are frequently attributed to the greater aggressiveness of prostate cancer among AA men, it is not known what causes that prostate cancer aggressiveness in AA men. To identify germline genetic variation that could explain some of this disparity, our previous admixture mapping study identified a novel region on chromosome 7q31-34 where local ancestry was associated with risk of disease. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether candidate genes in this gene region show differences in protein product expression by cell line origin (AA vs. EA) and by cell line metastatic potential. We specifically examined the expression of three proteins sourced from this gene region through immunoblot analysis, filamin C (FLNC), glutamate receptor metabotropic B (GRM8), and cadherin-like and PC-esterase domain containing 1 (CPED1). The cell lines DU-145, PC3, LNCaP, RWPE1, and WPE1 were derived from biological specimens from EA men, whereas the PCa2b and the RC77T cell lines were sourced from AA men. The RWPE1 and WPE1 cell lines were derived from normal prostate cells, while the remaining cell lines were derived from metastatic prostate cancers. Using immunoblot analysis, we found that GRM8 is expressed at higher levels in the cell lines derived from AA men with prostate cancer compared to those from EA men with prostate cancer. In contrast, FLNC and CPED1 are expressed at higher levels in the cell lines from EA men with prostate cancer compared to those from AA men with prostate cancer. Interestingly, both FLNC and CPED1 expression is also low in the androgen sensitive LNCaP cell line. Importantly, these results are consistent with our fine mapping results in AA men, where the SNP with greatest evidence for association is located. Further, previous studies have demonstrated that the methylation status and mRNA expression of CPED1 and FLNC differed between prostate cancers from AA and EA men. Taken together, these results provide us with a foundation to test the relevance of these genes in prostate cancer growth and metastasis and contribute to our understanding of the molecular differences in prostate cancer between EA and AA men. Citation Format: Casey Wizner, Julie Ruterbusch, Nicole Kubinec, Gregory Dyson, Albert Levin, Julie Boerner, Cathryn Bock. Determination of protein expression of candidate prostate cancer genes from a novel region on chromosome 7 identified in African American men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B33.
CaMKII inhibition has dual effects on spontaneous Ca2+ release and Ca2+ alternans in ventricular cardiomyocytes from mice with a gain-of-function RyR2 mutation (2021)

In conditions with abnormally increased activity of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) can contribute to a further destabilization of RyR2 that results in triggered arrhythmias. Therefore, inhibition of CaMKII in such conditions has been suggested as a strategy to suppress RyR2 activity and arrhythmias. However, suppression of RyR2 activity can lead to the development of arrhythmogenic Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans. The aim of this study was to test whether the suppression of RyR2 activity caused by inhibition of CaMKII increases propensity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans. We studied spontaneous Ca<sup>2+</sup> release events and Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans in isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes from mice carrying the gain-of-function RyR2 mutation RyR2-R2474S and from wild-type mice. CaMKII inhibition by KN-93 effectively decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca<sup>2+</sup> release events in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes exposed to the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline. However, KN-93-treated RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes also showed increased propensity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans and increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans ratio compared with both an inactive analog of KN-93 and with vehicle-treated controls. This increased propensity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans was explained by prolongation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release refractoriness. Importantly, the increased propensity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans in KN-93-treated RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes did not surpass that of wild type. In conclusion, inhibition of CaMKII efficiently reduces spontaneous Ca<sup>2+</sup> release but promotes Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes with a gain-of-function RyR2 mutation. The dominant effect in RyR2-R2474S is to reduce spontaneous Ca<sup>2+</sup> release, which supports this intervention as a therapeutic strategy in this specific condition. However, future studies on CaMKII inhibition in conditions with increased propensity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans should include investigation of both phenomena.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Genetically increased RyR2 activity promotes arrhythmogenic Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. Inhibition of CaMKII suppresses RyR2 activity and arrhythmogenic Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. Suppression of RyR2 activity prolongs refractoriness of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. Prolonged refractoriness of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release leads to arrhythmogenic Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans. CaMKII inhibition promotes Ca<sup>2+</sup> alternans by prolonging Ca<sup>2+</sup> release refractoriness.
The serpin PN1 is a feedback regulator of FGF signaling in germ layer and primary axis formation (2015)

Germ layer formation and primary axis development rely on Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In Xenopus, the secreted serine protease HtrA1 induces mesoderm and posterior trunk/tail structures by facilitating the spread of FGF signals. Here, we show that the serpin Protease nexin-1 (PN1) is transcriptionally activated by FGF signals, suppresses mesoderm and promotes head development in mRNA-injected embryos. An antisense morpholino oligonucleotide against PN1 has the opposite effect and inhibits ectodermal fate. However, ectoderm and anterior head structures can be restored in PN1-depleted embryos when HtrA1 and FGF receptor activities are diminished, indicating that FGF signals negatively regulate their formation. We show that PN1 binds to and inhibits HtrA1, prevents degradation of the proteoglycan Syndecan 4 and restricts paracrine FGF/Erk signaling. Our data suggest that PN1 is a negative-feedback regulator of FGF signaling and has important roles in ectoderm and head development.
Identification of hip surface arthroplasty failures with TcSC/TcmDP radionuclide imaging. (1982)

The roentgenographic identification of femoral component loosening after hip surface arthroplasty is often impossible because the metallic femoral component obscures the bone-cement interface. The use of combined technetium sulfur colloid and technetium methylene diphosphonate radionuclide imaging has been especially useful in the diagnosis of loosening. In 40 patients, follow-up combined TcSC and TcmDP scans at an average of three, nine, and 27 months postoperation revealed significant differences in the isotope uptakes in patients who had loose prostheses compared with those without complications. Scans were evaluated by first dividing them into eight anatomical regions and then rating the uptake in each region or 'zone' on a five-point scale. Results were compared using the Student's t-test and differences were noted between normal controls and patients who had femoral component loosening. Combining both TcSC and TcmDP studies increased the statistical significance obtained when comparing patients who had complications to those in the control group.
Post-flight analysis of MISSE-8 advanced photovoltaic technologies (2015)

Advanced photovoltaic technologies were tested aboard the eighth Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE-8) as part of the third Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE-III) over a period of approximately 26 months. The Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory flew a myriad of experiments to evaluate advanced photovoltaic cell and material technologies. Such data is critical for technology development and future transition to operational use. These experiments were comprised of inverted metamorphic (IMM) and other thin film and advanced III-V cells from multiple vendors. In addition, quantum dot enhanced solar cells and advanced solar cell coverglass replacements were flow. This paper compares the pre and post flight characterization of these advanced technologies.
Enzymatic hydrolysates of corn stover pretreated by a N-methylpyrrolidone–ionic liquid solution for microbial lipid production (2012)

In this study, we reported a novel N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)–1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate (EmimAc) mixed solvent (XILs = 0.2, mole fraction of ionic liquids (ILs) in the mixed solution) that can dissolve up to 10 wt% corn stover at 140 °C in 60 min. Physiochemical analysis showed major differences in terms of cellulose crystallinity, compositional distribution and surface morphology between raw corn stover samples and the regenerated materials, indicating that dissolution in the NMP–EmimAc system followed by regeneration with anti-solvents could be used as an effective pretreatment technology. Enzymatic saccharification of the regenerated corn stover afforded an 82.9% total reducing sugars yield and a 60.8% glucose yield within 24 h. The hydrolysates were used, without detoxification, as the carbon sources for the cultivation of Rhodosporidium Toruloides Y4 for lipid production. Glucose and xylose in the hydrolysates were both consumed in our process. In a word, our study reported a novel dissolution pretreatment technology for biomass utilization with outstanding advantages compared with traditional pure ionic liquid processes, such as (I) minimal use of expensive ILs in NMP, and commercially available EmimAc and NMP can be used directly without any further dry purification; (II) high cellulose and hemicellulose regeneration; (III) high enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of the pretreated sample with full conversion of carbohydrates in less than 24 h; (IV) air-dried corn stover can be used directly (water content = ∼5%); (V) the hydrolysates can be used for further bioconversion and on inhibitory effect was observed. We believe that all of these advantages determine its potential for practical applications.