gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The COOH-terminal domain of the focal adhesion kinase induces loss of adhesion and cell death in human tumor cells. (1998)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a tyrosine kinase that is linked to signaling pathways between cells and their extracellular matrix. An alternate transcript of the COOH-terminal region of the FAK gene, called FAK-related nonkinase, has been shown to act as an inhibitor of FAK in chicken embryo fibroblasts. We have designed an analogous segment of human FAK, FAK COOH-terminal domain (FAK-CD), and transfected this construct into human tumor cells. Expression of FAK-CD inhibited cell growth in BT474 human breast cancer cells and C8161 human melanoma cells. To characterize the nature of growth inhibition, we developed an inducible system of FAK-CD expression and demonstrated that the induced FAK-CD protein localized to focal adhesions, causing cellular rounding, an irreversible loss of adhesion, and subsequent cell death. In addition, expression of FAK-CD reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, suggesting that FAK-CD may be a potent inhibitor of FAK in human tumor cells.
Pharmacokinetics of Human Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator, Administered Intra-Abdominally, in a Rat Peritonitis Model (1996)

Human recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA), administered intraperitoneally, may promote intra-abdominal fibrinolysis in peritonitis, thereby preventing adhesion and abscess formation. The pharmacokinetics of a single intraperitoneal dose of 0.5 or 2.0 mg/ml human rtPA were assessed in rats with fecal peritonitis and related to their endogenous tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity. Endogenous PAI activity was strongly elevated both in peritoneal fluid and in plasma, whereas tPA activity was only slightly increased in the peritoneal fluid. Both doses of rtPA significantly enhanced fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneal fluid up to 24 h in a dose-dependent manner. However, tPA activity was lower than calculated from the tPA antigen levels and the specific activity of rtPA in the fluid of rats with peritonitis. Plasma tPA activity was low at both doses. A single dose of 0.5 or 2.0 mg/ml rtPA can raise fibrinolytic activity in the abdominal cavity up to 24 h. High endogenous peritoneal PAI levels may adversely effect intra-abdominal use of human rtPA in peritonitis.
Hybrid Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Incorporated Thermogelling System for Effective Liver Cancer Treatment (2022)

For the delivery of anticancer drugs, an injectable in situ hydrogel with thermal responsiveness and prolonged drug release capabilities shows considerable potential. Here, we present a series of thermosensitive in situ hydrogels that serve as drug delivery systems for the treatment of liver cancer. These hydrogels were created by utilizing the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG)'s chemical cross-linking capabilities. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in a hydrogel with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell to enhance DOX solubility. Studies into the behavior of in situ produced hydrogels at the microscopic and macroscopic levels revealed that the copolymer solution exhibits a progressive shift from sol to gel as the temperature rises. The hydrogels' chemical composition, thermal properties, rheological characteristics, gelation period, and DOX release behavior were all reported. Subcutaneous injection in mice was used to confirm the injectability. Through the in vitro release of DOX in a PBS solution that mimics the tumor microenvironment, the hydrogel's sustained drug release behavior was confirmed. Additionally, using human hepatocellular hepatoma, the anticancer efficacy of thermogel (DEP-2@DOX) was assessed (HepG2). The carrier polymer material DEP-2 was tested for cytotoxicity using HepG2 cells and its excellent cytocompatibility was confirmed. In conclusion, these thermally responsive injectable hydrogels are prominent potential candidates as drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Molecular and thermal characteristics of acid-soluble collagen from orbicular batfish: effects of deep-sea water culturing (2018)

Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) was extracted from the skin and meat of orbicular batfish (Platax orbicularis) cultured in deep-sea water (DSW) and shallow-sea water (SSW). The fish cultured in deep-sea water contained higher collagen content (42.14 mg/g) in meat than that cultured in shallow-sea water (33.67 mg/g) (p<0.05). The yield of ASC was 35.72% (dry weight basis) from the skin of DSW cultured fish being higher than that of the SSW cultured fish (25.9%). The collagen of the orbicular batfish cultured in DSW showed higher water-holding capacity and lower thermal denaturation temperature than those from SSW. Orbicular batfish collagens constituted α1-chain, α2-chain and β-chain were characterized as type I collagen. The collagen helices of DSW-cultured orbicular batfish were less stable than those of SSW-cultured orbicular batfish, due to the lower imino acid content.
Electro-Optic Sampling for the Measurement of the Response of Fast Oscillosopes (1991)

Several new sampling oscilloscopes (CRO) have been introduced in recent years, the fastest claiming step rise times of about 5 ps. Development of these CROs has been driven by rapid developments in areas such as optical fibre communications where they are often the limiting instrument in a measurement. Since these instruments are able to output waveforms to computers, knowledge of the impulse response can be used to increase the speed and accuracy of the CRO measurement (1). The purpose of this paper is to describe the techniques that we have applied to derive the temporal responses of fast sampling CROs.
The genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time in maize (2015)

The number of leaves and their distributions on plants are critical factors determining plant architecture in maize (Zea mays), and leaf number is frequently used as a measure of flowering time, a trait that is key to local environmental adaptation. Here, using a large set of 866 maize-teosinte BC2 S3 recombinant inbred lines genotyped by using 19,838 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we conducted a comprehensive genetic dissection to assess the genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time. We demonstrated that the two components of total leaf number, the number of leaves above (LA) and below (LB) the primary ear, were under relatively independent genetic control and might be subject to differential directional selection during maize domestication and improvement. Furthermore, we revealed that flowering time and leaf number are commonly regulated at a moderate level. The pleiotropy of the genes ZCN8, dlf1 and ZmCCT on leaf number and flowering time were validated by near-isogenic line analysis. Through fine mapping, qLA1-1, a major-effect locus that specifically affects LA, was delimited to a region with severe recombination suppression derived from teosinte. This study provides important insights into the genetic basis of traits affecting plant architecture and adaptation. The genetic independence of LA from LB enables the optimization of leaf number for ideal plant architecture breeding in maize.
Evaluation of human body shadowimg loss in an indoor environment (2017)

In this paper, we discuss the human body shadowing loss characteristics by finding the received signal using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and the actual measurement in three-dimensional indoor environments. We show the human body shadowing loss when a single human body moves between transmitting and receiving antennas. Furthermore, we show the human body shadowing loss characteristics when multiple human walk and consider the relationship between the first Fresnel zone and the human body shadowing loss.
Malignant Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (2006)

Thirty patients with malignant pheochromocytoma (PHEO) or paraganglioma (PGL) were treated with high-dose 131I-MIBG. Patients were 11-62 (mean 39) years old: 19 patients males and 11 females. Nineteen patients had PGL, three of which were multifocal. Six PGLs were nonsecretory. Eleven patients had PHEO. All 30 patients had prior surgery. Fourteen patients were refractory to prior radiation or chemotherapy before 131I-MIBG. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were collected and cryopreserved. 131I-MIBG was synthesized on-site, by exchange-labeling 131I with 127I-MIBG in a solid-phase Cu2+-catalyzed exchange reaction. 131I-MIBG was infused over 2 h via a peripheral IV. Doses ranged from 557 mCi to 1185 mCi (7.4 mCi/kg to 18.75 mCi/kg). Median dose was 833 mCi (12.55 mCi/kg). Marrow hypoplasia commenced 3 weeks after 131I-MIBG therapy. After the first 131I-MIBG therapy, 19 patients required platelet transfusions; 19 received GCSF; 12 received epoeitin or RBCs. Four patients received a PBSC infusion. High-dose 131I-MIBG resulted in the following overall tumor responses in 30 patients: 4 sustained complete remissions (CRs); 15 sustained partial remissions (PRs); 1 sustained stable disease (SD); 5 progressive disease (PD); 5 initial PRs or SD but relapsed to PD. Twenty-three of the 30 patients remain alive; deaths were from PD (5), myelodysplasia (1), and unrelated cause (1). Overall predicted survival at 5 years is 75% (Kaplan Meier estimate). For patients with metastatic PHEO or PGL, who have good *I-MIBG uptake on diagnostic scanning, high-dose 131I-MIBG therapy was effective in producing a sustained CR, PR, or SD in 67% of patients, with tolerable toxicity.
Übergangsmetall-substituierte Phosphine, Arsine und Stibine, XVIII [1]. Nachweis einer konformativen Isomeric an Dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)eisen-substituierten Arsinen / Transition Metal Substituted Phosphines, Arsines and Stibines, XVIII [1]. Evidence for a Conformational Isomerism of Dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)iron Substituted Arsines (1978)

Cp(CO) 2 Fe-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxarsolane (1) is prepared from 2-chloro-dioxarsolane and Na[Fe(CO) 2 Cp]. 1 reacts with THF · Cr(CO) 5 to yield the hetero dinuclear compound (2) and is easily converted into Cp(CO) 2 Fe-AsCl 2 (3) by reaction with CH 3 C(O)Cl. 1 and 3 exhibit four υCO absorption bands instead of the two predicted. υCO doubling is attributed to the first examples of conformational isomerism about the arsenic-iron bond. Assignment of the CO stretching frequencies to the separate conformers is achieved by use of the 13 CO satellite bands.
Techniques for Avoiding Saccular Extended Obstruction at the Anastomotic Site of Functional End-to-End Anastomosis (2017)

Saccular extended obstruction is generated when the anastomotic site of functional end-to-end anastomosis is extended saccularly and blocked by intestinal contents. This is a specific complication of functional end-to-end anastomosis. Saccular extended obstruction of the anastomotic site of func-tional end-to-end anastomosis causes postoperative intestinal obstruction. Saccular extended obstruction places a heavy burden on patients because surgery is necessary for treatment of intestinal obstruction due to saccular extended obstruction. However, saccular extended obstruction is not a commonly recognized complication. The greatest factor contributing to the development of saccular extended obstruction is an acute angle between the portions of the intestinal tract oral and aboral to the anastomotic site. When this angle approaches obtuse angle, preferably close to a straight line, stagnation of the intestinal contents does not occur at the anastomotic site of functional end-to-end anastomosis and saccular extended obstruction is avoided. For making the angle of anastomotic intestinal tracts obtuse or straight, it may be effective that the entry hole of stapling suture instrument creating the anastomotic stoma is closed perpendicular to the intestinal axis.
Structural requirements for protein N‐glycosylation (1989)

To understand better the structural requirements of the protein moiety important for N-glycosylation, we have examined the influence of proline residues with respect to their position around the consensus sequence (or sequon) Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr. In the first part of the paper, experiments are described using a cell-free translation/glycosylation system from reticulocytes supplemented with dog pancreas microsomes to test the ability of potential acceptor peptides to interfere with glycosylation of nascent yeast invertase chains. It was found that peptides, being acceptors for oligosaccharide transferase in vitro, inhibit cotranslational glycosylation, whereas nonacceptors have no effect. Acceptor peptides do not abolish translocation of nascent chains into the endoplasmic reticulum. Results obtained with proline-containing peptides are compatible with the notion that a proline residue in an N-terminal position of a potential glycosylation site does not interfere with glycosylation, whereas in the position Xaa or at the C-terminal of the sequon, proline prevents and does not favour oligosaccharide transfer, respectively. This statement was further substantiated by in vivo studies using site-directed mutagenesis to introduce a proline residue at the C-terminal of a selected glycosylation site of invertase. Expression of this mutation in three different systems, in yeast cells, frog oocytes and by cell-free translation/glycosylation in reticulocytes supplemented with dog pancreas microsomes, leads to an inhibition of glycosylation with both qualitative and quantitative differences. This may indicate that host specific factors also contribute to glycosylation.
Quantum generation of neural networks (2004)

This paper shows how the new field of quantum computing can be applied to the creation of neural network circuits. Quantum computing is capable of processing huge numbers of quantum states simultaneously, in parallel, ("quantum parallelism"). In theory, QC ought to be able to process all possible points in a 2/sup N/ search space (of N bit bit-strings). If N is large, 2/sup N/ is gigantic, making a systematic search with a classical computer impossible. This paper presents an extended example of a simple QC algorithm applied to the generation of neural network circuits.
Towards multistranded molecular wires: Syntheses, structures, and reactivities of tetraplatinum bis(polyynediyl) complexes with Pt-Cx-Pt-(P(CH2)3P)2-Pt-Cx-Pt-(P(CH2)3P)2 cores (x = 4, 6, 8) (2010)

Reactions of trans,trans-(C(6)F(5))(p-tol(3)P)(2)Pt(C[triple bond]C)(n)Pt(Pp-tol(3))(2)(C(6)F(5)) (PtC(x)Pt; x = 2n) and the 1,3-diphosphine Ph(2)P(CH(2))(3)PPh(2) (2.5 equiv) give the tetraplatinum complexes trans, trans,trans,trans-(C(6)F(5))[upper bond 1 start]Pt(C[triple bond]C)(n)Pt(C(6)F(5))(PPh(2)(CH(2))(3)Ph(2)P)(2)(C(6)F(5))Pt(C[triple bond]C)(n)Pt(C(6)F(5))(PPh(2)(CH(2))(3)Ph(2)P[upper bond 1 end])(2) ([Pt'C(x)Pt'](2); x = 4/6/8, 39%/95%/81%). Crystal structures of [Pt'C(8)Pt'](2) and two solvates of [Pt'C(6)Pt'](2) are determined. These confirm that each diphosphine spans two platinum atoms from different Pt(C[triple bond]C)(n)Pt linkages, as opposed to (1) the 1,2-diphosphine Ph(2)P(CH(2))(2)PPh(2), which under similar conditions with PtC(8)Pt affords the diplatinum bis(chelate) cis,cis-([upper bond 1 start]PPh(2)(CH(2))(2)Ph(2)P)(C(6)F(5))Pt[upper bond 1 end](C[triple bond]C)(4)[upper bond 1 start]Pt(C(6)F(5))(PPh(2)(CH(2))(2)Ph(2)P[upper bond 1 end]) (73%) or (2) alpha,omega-diphosphines with longer methylene chains, which span the platinum termini. The formulation [Pt'C(4)Pt'](2) is supported by a reaction with PEt(3) (10 equiv) to give trans,trans-(C(6)F(5))(Et(3)P)(2)Pt(C[triple bond]C)(2)Pt(PEt(3))(2)(C(6)F(5)). In [Pt'C(8)Pt'](2) and one solvate of [Pt'C(6)Pt'](2), the chains cross at 77.2 degrees-87.7 degrees angles, with the closest interchain carbon-carbon distances (3.27-3.61 A) less than the sum of the van-der-Waals radii. In the other solvate of [Pt'C(6)Pt'](2), the chains are essentially parallel, and the separation is much greater (4.96 A). UV-visible spectra show no special electronic interactions. However, cyclic voltammograms indicate irreversible oxidations, in contrast to the partially reversible oxidations of PtC(6)Pt and PtC(8)Pt. The initially formed radical cations are proposed to undergo rapid chain-chain coupling. The new complexes decompose without melting above 185 degrees C. With [Pt'C(8)Pt'](2), IR spectra indicate the formation of a new C[triple bond]C-rich substance.
The kinetics of block and graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (1959)

Abstract The polymerization of a monomer in the presence of a preformed polymer with suitable structural features gives rise to block or graft copolymers, which, in favorable circumstances, may be isolated as well‐characterized materials. For preparing block copolymers a primary polymer with amine endgroups can be used as a macromolecular transfer agent. Graft copolymers may be prepared by using a primary polymer with terminal double bonds which copolymerize with the second monomer. We have studied the kinetics of block and graft copolymerization based on these methods with particular references to the systems in which the second monomer is acrylonitrile. All transfer agents reduce the rate of heterogeneous polymerization of acrylonitrile since the reduction in molecular weight leads to a diminution in the mean degree of occlusion of the propagating radicals and a consequent increase in the effective termination coefficient. We have found the effect of macromolecular transfer agents on the rate to be greater than that of simple amines. This behavior is attributed to the fact that the radicals produced by transfer are attached to primary polymer chains which are present in solution; as propagation proceeds the growing radicals remain in solution until a comparatively late stage in their growth on account of the solubilizing action of the primary polymer chains. The termination coefficient for these radicals is therefore relatively high and the rate of polymerization correspondingly low. The solubilization of polymer radicals in graft polymerization is less marked than in block copolymerization; this is shown to be consistant with the mechanism of solubilization suggested.
Design Analysis of the Ares I Pogo Accumulator (2009)

Several accumulator designs and gas charge systems are considered in order to suppress POGO within the Ares I vehicle Upper Stage Liquid Ox ygen System. The thermodynamic and flow analysis completed to evaluat e candidate designs are presented and the results are used to evaluat e the ability of each concept to meet the levied suppression requirements. One annular accumulator design meets all suppression requirement s while also providing manufacturability and operability advantages. Of the two proposed charge systems to provide and maintain gas within the accumulator, a passive level control design meets the charge req uirements and maximizes reliability.
Localization of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate to Lipid Rafts and Uroids in the Human Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica (2013)

Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite and is the causative agent of amoebiasis. During invasive infection, highly motile amoebae destroy the colonic epithelium, enter the blood circulation, and disseminate to other organs such as liver, causing liver abscess. Motility is a key factor in E. histolytica pathogenesis, and this process relies on a dynamic actomyosin cytoskeleton. In other systems, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is known to regulate a wide variety of cellular functions, including signal transduction, actin remodeling, and cell motility. Little is known about the role of PI(4,5)P2 in E. histolytica pathogenicity. In this study, we demonstrate that PI(4,5)P2 is localized to cholesterol-rich microdomains, lipid rafts, and the actin-rich fractions of the E. histolytica membrane. Microscopy revealed that the trailing edge of polarized trophozoites, uroids, are highly enriched in lipid rafts and their constituent lipid, PI(4,5)P2. Polarization and enrichment of uroids and rafts with PI(4,5)P2 were enhanced upon treatment of E. histolytica cells with cholesterol. Exposure to cholesterol also increased intracellular calcium, which is a downstream effector of PI(4,5)P2, with a concomitant increase in motility. Together, our data suggest that in E. histolytica, PI(4,5)P2 may signal from lipid rafts and cholesterol may play a role in triggering PI(4,5)P2-mediated signaling to enhance the motility of this pathogen.
Temperature‐Induced Inversion of Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Emulsions (2005)

A change for the wetter: The effect of temperature T on the position of a sterically stabilized polystyrene latex particle adsorbed at an oil–water interface is described. Emulsions stabilized by such particle monolayers are oil-in-water at low T and water-in-oil at high T (see scheme). The results are also in line with the predicted change in the wettability of the particles in emulsions.
Effect of interface roughness on the tribo-corrosion behavior of diamond like carbon coatings on titanium alloy (2022)

Substrate surface morphology can significantly affect the functional performance and durability of the subsequently deposited coatings. In the present work, diamondlike carbon films were prepared by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates with different premediated surface roughness parameters (average roughness Ra, Skewness Rsk and Kurtosis Rku), and their mechanical, electrochemical, and tribo-corrosion properties were studied. The surface parameters, the microstructure, and the chemical composition were assessed by optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The mechanical properties were evaluated using depth-sensing indentation and scratch testing, and the films' tribo-corrosion behavior was determined using a reciprocating tribometer in a ball-on-flat configuration with the tribological contact (Al2O3 counterpart) immersed in a 3.5% NaCl sea waterlike solution. The evolution of the corrosion potential as a function of time before, during, and after the wear tests indicated that the tribo-corrosion behavior is strongly affected by the surface roughness parameters. The potential of samples with Ra = 20 nm was unaffected by the rubbing process under the chosen tribological conditions compared to samples with higher Ra values. A similar trend was observed for samples with negative Rsk as opposed to those with Rku values greater than 3. The poor tribo-corrosion behavior of samples with Ra &amp;gt; 20 nm and high Rku (greater than 3) is mainly due to the significant height of asperities that constitute initiation sites for stress and strain failure on the surface. The predominant degradation mechanism was abrasive wear for samples with high surface roughness, tested under dry wear conditions. In the tribo-corrosion process, a synergy between the abrasive wear and corrosion was found to contribute to the overall material loss.
A Multiparametric Serum Marker Panel as a Complementary Test to Mammography for the Diagnosis of Node-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer and DCIS in Young Women (2014)

Clinical assessment of this autoantibody panel displays a potential to facilitate clinical management of early-stage breast cancer detection in cases of inconclusive mammogram.