gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenylate Cyclase-Haemolysin Toxin of bordetella Pertussis: Regulation of Expression and Activity (1992)

In bacterial pathogens the molecular mechanisms governing expression of virulence factors and those responsible for intoxication are far from being completely understood. Adenylate cyclase toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, appears a convenient model to study the mechanisms involved in the control of genetic expression, activation, secretion and penetration into mammalian cells.
Subpicosecond transient infrared spectroscopy of adsorbates. Vibrational dynamics of CO/Pt(111) (1991)

The vibrational dynamics of excited CO layers on Pt(111) were studied using infrared (IR) pump–probe methods. Resonant IR pulses of 0.7 ps duration strongly pumped the absorption line (ν≊2106 cm−1 ) of top-site CO. Weak probe pulses delayed a time tD after the pump were reflected from the CO-covered Pt(111) surface, and dispersed in a monochromator to determine the absorption spectrum of the vibrationally excited CO band, with time resolution &amp;lt;1 ps and monochromator resolution &amp;lt;1 cm−1. Transient spectra were obtained as a function of CO coverage, surface temperature, and laser fluence. Complex spectra for tD&amp;lt;0 show features characteristic of a perturbed free induction decay, which are expected based on multiple-level density-matrix models. For tD≥0, the CO/Pt absorption exhibits a shift to lower frequency and an asymmetric broadening which are strongly dependent on fluence (1.3–15 mJ/cm2 ). Spectra return to equilibrium (unexcited) values within a few picoseconds. These transient spectral shifts and the time scale for relaxation do not depend (within experimental error) on coverage for 0.1≤ΘCO≤0.5 ML or on temperature for 150≤Ts≤300 K. A model for coupled anharmonic oscillators qualitatively explains the tD&amp;gt;0 spectra in terms of a population-dependent decrease in frequency of the one-phonon band, as opposed to a transition involving a true CO(v=2) two-phonon bound state. The rapid relaxation time and its insensitivity to Ts and ΘCO are consistent with electron–hole pair generation as the dominant decay mechanism.
Percutaneous removal of malignant mammographic lesions at stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy. (1998)

Complete removal of the mammographic lesion does not ensure complete excision of the carcinoma.
Enterovirus 71 Disrupts Interferon Signaling by Reducing the Level of Interferon Receptor 1 (2012)

The recent outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infected millions of children and caused over 1,000 deaths. To date, neither an effective vaccine nor antiviral treatment is available for EV71 infection. Interferons (IFNs) have been successfully applied to treat patients with hepatitis B and C viral infections for decades but have failed to treat EV71 infections. Here, we provide the evidence that EV71 antagonizes type I IFN signaling by reducing the level of interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1). We show that the host cells could sense EV71 infection and stimulate IFN-β production. However, the induction of downstream IFN-stimulated genes is inhibited by EV71. Also, only a slight interferon response and antiviral effects could be detected in cells treated with recombinant type I IFNs after EV71 infection. Further studies reveal that EV71 blocks the IFN-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT2, Jak1, and Tyk2 by reducing IFNAR1. Finally, we identified the 2A protease encoded by EV71 as an antagonist of IFNs and show that the protease activity is required for reducing IFNAR1 levels. Taken together, our study for the first time uncovers a mechanism used by EV71 to antagonize type I IFN signaling and provides new targets for future antiviral strategies.
Plasma cytokines and angiogenic factors (CAFs) for evaluation of risk of recurrence and classification of patients (pts) with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (2012)

e15075 Background: Although recent years have brought great progress into understanding the pathogenesis of RCC and multiple promising biomarkers, no tumor tissue or blood-based test has yet been established to assist in the clinical determination of prognosis. Whether CAFs can be used to classify RCC pts and the set of CAFs that is host vs. tumor-dependent remain unclear. The main objectives of this exploratory analysis were to identify CAFs predictive of recurrence, and to gain insight into coordinated regulation and tumor dependency of individual factors by comparing CAFs pre- and post-nephrectomy (Nx) in RCC pts. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained before and up to 1 year after Nx from 52 pts with sporadic, non-metastatic RCC with dominant clear cell histology. Pts were categorized based on pathologic staging (pT1/pT2 as low-risk [LR] for recurrence, n=32; pT3/pT4 as high-risk [HR], n=20). Multiplex bead suspension arrays and ELISA were used to measure concentrations of 58 CAFs including angiogenesis and invasion mediators (VEGF, VEGF-C, soluble CAIX [sCA9], HGF and TGF-b1, among others), and multiple inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory chemokines and interleukins (IL). t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank or rank-sum tests were respectively used to assess changes in CAFs between pre- and post-Nx or to compare CAFs between subgroups of pts. Results: The concentrations of IL-8 and sCA9, among others, were significantly higher in HR vs. LR RCC pts pre-Nx (P&lt;0.01). The pre-Nx concentrations of e-selectin were lower in RCC pts with eventual disease recurrence (P=0.027). Several CAFs decreased significantly post-Nx, including sCA9 and endoglin, whereas others increased, such as stem cell factor, IL-12, IL-18 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Angiogenic and hypoxia-regulated CAFs such as OPN, sCA9, HGF, endoglin and collagen type IV grouped together using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Conclusions: Pre-Nx CAFs associated with risk for recurrence could be useful in risk stratification of non-metastatic clear cell RCC pts. Some tumor-dependent angiogenic CAFs are coordinately regulated in these pts.
Simultaneous Protection and Activation of Amino Acids Using Propargyl Pentafluorophenyl Carbonate. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multilevel Molecular Electronic Species: Electrochemical Reduction of a [2×2] CoII4 Grid-Type Complex by 11 Electrons in 10 Reversible Steps (2000)

The highest number, so far, of well-resolved, completely reversible reduction waves of a molecular compound is found during the stepwise reduction of the tetranuclear [2×2] Co grid-type complex 1 (R=Ph) by a total of 11 electrons. The associated (differential) cyclic voltammogram (see picture) shows ten reduction waves, which represent ten reduced species of remarkable stability.
Principles and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis By Guo-Qiang Lin, Yue-Ming Li, and Albert S. C. Chan. Wiley Interscience, New York. 2001. xvii + 515 pp. 16 × 24 cm. ISBN 0-471-40027-0. $89.95. (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTPrinciples and Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis By Guo-Qiang Lin, Yue-Ming Li, and Albert S. C. Chan. Wiley Interscience, New York. 2001. xvii + 515 pp. 16 × 24 cm. ISBN 0-471-40027-0. $89.95.Jeffrey AubéView Author Information Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy 4070 Malott Hall The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2506Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 26, 4741Publication Date (Web):November 22, 2001Publication History Published online22 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0103918https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0103918book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Aldol reactions,Enantioselective synthesis,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
An early phase of instructive plasticity in visual cortex before the typical onset of sensory experience (2019)

Abstract While early experience with moving stimuli is necessary for the development of direction selectivity in visual cortex of carnivores, it is unclear whether experience exerts a permissive or instructive influence. To test if the specific parameters of the experienced stimuli could instructively sculpt the emergent responses, visually naive ferrets were exposed to several hours of experience with unusual spatiotemporal patterns. In the most immature ferrets, cortical neurons developed selectivity to these patterns, indicating an instructive influence. In animals that were 1-10 days more mature, exposure to the same patterns led to a developmentally-typical increase in direction selectivity. We conclude that visual development progresses via an early phase of instructive plasticity, when the specific patterns of neural activity shape the specific parameters of the emerging response properties, followed by a late phase of permissive maturation, when sensory-driven activity merely serves to enhance the response properties already seeded in cortical circuits.
Anesthesia for obstetrics (1987)

Obstetric physiology and pharmacology anaesthesia for vaginal delivery obstetric complications anaesthetic complications non-obstetrics disorders during pregnancy foetus and newborn.
The Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction and Some of Its Applications (2013)

Keller introduced his Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) in the 1950s. The Geometrical Theory of Diffraction development was revolutionary, in that it explained the phenomena of wave diffraction entirely in terms of rays for the first time, via a systematic generalization of Fermat's principle. In its original form, the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction exhibited singularities at and near ray-shadow boundaries and caustics. For practical applications, it is necessary to patch up the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction in such regions. Uniform asymptotic high-frequency methods overcome the failure of the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction inside those regions, and outside those regions they generally reduce to the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction. One such highly developed approach happens to be the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD). The present article focuses on some key Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction developments in a semi-historical fashion, with a few typical applications to illustrate the power and utility of the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction/Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction concept to solve practical problems.
A novel Textual Encoding paradigm based on Semantic Web tools and semantics (2006)

In this paper we perform a preliminary evaluation on how Semantic Web technologies such as RDF and OWL can be used to perform textual encoding. Among the potential advantages, we notice how RDF, given its conceptual graph structure, appears naturally suited to deal with overlapping hierarchies of annotations, something notoriously problematic using classic XML based markup. To conclude, we show how complex querying can be performed using slight modifications of already existing Semantic Web query tools. 1.
Lack of Type VII Collagen in Unaffected Skin of Patients with Severe Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa (1988)

Type VII collagen, the major structural component of the anchoring fibrils, was assayed in normal unaffected skin of patients with different forms of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa. Immunofluorescence staining with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to type VII collagen revealed a complete absence of staining in the skin of patients with severe dystrophic recessive epidermolysis bullosa. In all other forms, localized recessive dystrophic, dominant dystrophic, junctional and simplex forms there was an intense continuous linear staining of type VII collagen at the dermoepidermal junction. Also, obligate heterozygote carriers of the gene for severe dystrophic recessive form showed a normal pattern of staining. As internal controls and to define the clinical diagnosis, staining with antibodies to type IV collagen, laminin and bullous pemphigoid antigen was also performed. All these antibodies showed a normal staining pattern indicating an intact general morphology of the dermoepidermal junction zone. These results suggest that there is a defect of type VII collagen in patients with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. The data also suggest that the group of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa may be heterogeneous not only clinically, but also at the molecular level.
Antidiabetic Activity ofVinca roseaExtracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats (2010)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Vinca rosea methanolic whole plant extracts in alloxan induced diabetic rats for 14 days. The methanolic whole plant extract at high dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity than whole plant extract at low dose (300 mg/kg) in diabetic rats. The methanolic extracts also showed improvement in parameters like body weight and lipid profile as well as regeneration of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math>-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies reinforce the healing of pancreas, by methanolic Vinca rosea extracts, as a possible mechanism of their antidiabetic activity.
Growth and characterization of non-c-oriented epitaxial ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 films on buffered Si(100) (2000)

We have grown non-c-oriented SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) epitaxial thin films with well-defined (116) orientation by pulsed laser deposition on yttria-stabilized zirconia-buffered (YSZ-buffered) Si(100) substrates covered with electrically conductive (110)-oriented SrRuO3 (SRO) bottom electrodes. The epitaxial growth of (110)-oriented SRO films on (100)-oriented YSZ on Si(100) was confirmed both by x-ray pole figures and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showing a diagonal-type rectangle-on-cube epitaxy of SRO on YSZ with respect to the substrate and yielding specific multiple twins which originate from the particular in-plane positioning of SRO on YSZ. Cross-sectional TEM analyses revealed a roof-like morphology at the SBT/SRO interface while the other interfaces are sharp. The ferroelectric measurements of the (116)-oriented SBT films show a remanent polarization (2Pr) of 6.8 μC/cm2 and a coercive field (2Ec) of 142 kV/cm for a maximum applied electric field of 283 kV/cm. A comparable hysteresis loop recorded from local piezoresponse by an atomic force microscope working in a piezoelectric mode has also been obtained.
Inner zone and slot electron radial diffusion revisited (2016)

Abstract Using recent data from NASA's Van Allen Probes, we estimate the quiet time radial diffusion coefficients for electrons in the inner radiation belt ( L &lt; 3) with energies from ~50 to 750 keV. The observations are consistent with dynamics dominated by pitch angle scattering and radial diffusion. We use a coordinate system in which these two modes of diffusion are separable. Then we integrate phase space density over pitch angle to obtain a “bundle content” that is invariant to pitch angle scattering, except for atmospheric loss. We estimate the effective radial diffusion coefficient from the temporal and radial variation of the bundle content. We show that our diffusion coefficients agree well with previously determined values obtained in the 1960s and 1970s and follow the form one expects for radial diffusion caused by exponentially decaying impulses in the large‐scale electrostatic potential.
Active Detergent-solubilized H+,K+-ATPase Is a Monomer (2012)

The H(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps protons or hydronium ions and is responsible for the acidification of the gastric fluid. It is made up of an α-catalytic and a β-glycosylated subunit. The relation between cation translocation and the organization of the protein in the membrane are not well understood. We describe here how pure and functionally active pig gastric H(+),K(+)-ATPase with an apparent Stokes radius of 6.3 nm can be obtained after solubilization with the non-ionic detergent C(12)E(8), followed by exchange of C(12)E(8) with Tween 20 on a Superose 6 column. Mass spectroscopy indicates that the β-subunit bears an excess mass of 9 kDa attributable to glycosylation. From chemical analysis, there are 0.25 g of phospholipids and around 0.024 g of cholesterol bound per g of protein. Analytical ultracentrifugation shows one main complex, sedimenting at s(20,)(w) = 7.2 ± 0.1 S, together with minor amounts of irreversibly aggregated material. From these data, a buoyant molecular mass is calculated, corresponding to an H(+),K(+)-ATPase α,β-protomer of 147.3 kDa. Complementary sedimentation velocity with deuterated water gives a picture of an α,β-protomer with 0.9-1.4 g/g of bound detergent and lipids and a reasonable frictional ratio of 1.5, corresponding to a Stokes radius of 7.1 nm. An α(2),β(2) dimer is rejected by the data. Light scattering coupled to gel filtration confirms the monomeric state of solubilized H(+),K(+)-ATPase. Thus, α,β H(+),K(+)-ATPase is active at least in detergent and may plausibly function as a monomer, as has been established for other P-type ATPases, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase.
Effect of Salt and pH on the Reductive Half-Reaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis FprA with NADPH (2008)

Despite a number of studies, the formation of the Michaelis complexes between ferredoxin-NADP (+) reductases and NADP(H) eluded detailed investigations by rapid kinetic techniques because of their high formation rates. Moreover, the reversible nature of the reaction of hydride ion transfer between these enzymes and NADPH prevented the obtainment of reliable estimates of the rate constant of the hydride transfer step. Here we show that by working at a high salt concentration, the mechanism of the reaction with NADPH of FprA, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis homologue of adrenodoxin reductase, is greatly simplified, making it amenable to investigation by rapid reaction techniques. The approach presented herein allowed for the first time the observation of the formation of the Michaelis complex between an adrenodoxin reductase-like enzyme and NADPH, and the determination of the related rate constants for association and dissociation. Furthermore, the rate constant for the reaction of hydride ion transfer between NADPH and FAD could be unambiguously assessed. It is proposed that the approach described should be applicable to other ferredoxin reductase enzymes, providing a valuable experimental tool for the study of their kinetic properties.
Detrimental variants in MPIG6B in two children with myelofibrosis: Does immune dysregulation contribute to myelofibrosis? (2021)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Self‐Healable Fluorinated Copolymers Governed by Dipolar Interactions (2021)

Although dipolar forces between copolymer chains are relatively weak, they result in ubiquitous inter- and/or intramolecular interactions which are particularly critical in achieving the mechanical integrity of polymeric materials. In this study, a route is developed to obtain self-healable properties in thermoplastic copolymers that rely on noncovalent dipolar interactions present in essentially all macromolecules and particularly fluorine-containing copolymers. The combination of dipolar interactions between C─F and C═O bonds as well as CH<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>3</sub> entities facilitates self-healing without external intervention. The presence of dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and induced-dipole induced dipole interactions leads to a viscoelastic response that controls macroscopic autonomous multicycle self-healing of fluorinated copolymers under ambient conditions. Energetically favorable dipolar forces attributed to monomer sequence and monomer molar ratios induces desirable copolymer tacticities, enabling entropic energy recovery stored during mechanical damage. The use of dipolar forces instead of chemical or physical modifications not only eliminates additional alternations enabling multiple damage-repair cycles but also provides further opportunity for designing self-healable commodity thermoplastics. These materials may offer numerous applications, ranging from the use in electronics, ion batteries, H<sub>2</sub> fuel dispense hoses to self-healable pet toys, packaging, paints and coatings, and many others.
Sequence Variations in Mitochondrial Ferritin: Distribution in Healthy Controls and Different Types of Patients (2010)

The storage of iron in the cells is mainly accomplished by cytosolic ferritins. The perturbation of ferritin function may result in accumulation of excess iron in cells and tissues and increased oxidative stress, common features of different genetic and acquired disorders. Mutations in L-ferritin have been associated with neuroferritinopathy, a rare and severe movement disorder with abnormal brain iron storage. Recently, a novel form of ferritin has been discovered, which localizes in the mitochondrial matrix and plays an important role in iron homeostasis in these organelles. The possible association of sequence variations in the mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) gene with disorders with aberrant iron distribution has not been investigated yet. We set up a denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC)-based screening for FtMt and analyzed the genomic DNA of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (# 63) or with Parkinson's disease (# 332) and other movement disorders such as pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (# 7), restless legs syndrome (# 23), and suspected neuroferritinopathy (# 7) and of control subjects (# 342). We detected eight different types of substitution, all at the heterozygous state. Six of them caused amino acid changes, but none of them was predicted to drastically perturb FtMt structure and/or function. The c + 134C > A (P45H) variation, which was the most common (# 28), was less represented in the Parkinson's population, although not significantly (p = 0.07). The analysis suggests that sequence variations in the coding region of FtMt are not involved in the development of myelodysplastic syndromes and Parkinson's disease.