gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of hepatic physiology and injury by the TAM receptors Axl and Mer (2020)

Genome-wide association studies have implicated the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Mer in liver disease, yet our understanding of the role that Mer and its related RTKs Tyro3 and Axl play in liver homeostasis and the response to acute injury is limited. We find that Mer and Axl are most prominently expressed in hepatic Kupffer and endothelial cells and that as mice lacking these RTKs age, they develop profound liver disease characterized by apoptotic cell accumulation and immune activation. We further find that Mer is critical to the phagocytosis of apoptotic hepatocytes generated in settings of acute hepatic injury, and that Mer and Axl act in concert to inhibit cytokine production in these settings. In contrast, we find that Axl is uniquely important in mitigating liver damage during acetaminophen intoxication. Although Mer and Axl are protective in acute injury models, we find that Axl exacerbates fibrosis in a model of chronic injury. These divergent effects have important implications for the design and implementation of TAM-directed therapeutics that might target these RTKs in the liver.
Structure and Mechanical Performance of a “Modern” Fish Scale (2011)

Abstract Protective materials and structures found in natural organisms may inspire new armors with improved resistance to penetration, flexibility, light weight, and other interesting properties such as transparency and breathability. All these attributes can be found in teleost fish scales, which are the most common types of scales in modern fish species. In this work, we have studied the structure and mechanics of fish scales from striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ). This scale is about 200–300 µm thick and consists of a hard outer bony layer supported by a softer cross‐ply of collagen fibrils. Perforation tests with a sharp needle indicated that a single fish scale provides a high resistance to penetration which is superior to polystyrene and polycarbonate, two engineering polymers that are typically used for light transparent packaging or protective equipment. Under puncture, the scale undergoes a sequence of two distinct failure events: First, the outer bony layer cracks following a well defined cross‐like pattern which generates four “flaps” of bony material. The deflection of the flaps by the needle is resisted by the collagen layer, which in biaxial tension acts as a retaining membrane. Remarkably this second stage of the penetration process is highly stable, so that an additional 50% penetration force is required to eventually puncture the collagen layer. The combination of a hard layer that can fail in a controlled fashion with a soft and extensible backing layer is the key to the resistance to penetration of individual scales.
Benzisothiazole derivative inhibits toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction and prevents mice from the lethal shock (2004)

on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine seal is maintained by gentle pressure on the TT keeping the cuff pressing on the vocal cords. During percutaneous tracheostomy the bougie remains in the trachea. When ventilation through the tracheostomy tube (cuff inflated) is confirmed, the TT and bougie are withdrawn. Throughout the procedure, if ventilation difficulties occur, the TT can be easily re-inserted using the bougie as a guide.
Electromagnetic Field Mediates Capillary-Like Network Formation via MAPK/ERK Signaling Cascade (2009)

Abnormal angiogenesis (formation of capillaries) plays an important role in the impaired diabetic wound healing and has emerged as a new target area for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed magnetic field therapy, which was initially used for healing of bone fractures, has been recently introduced as a potential therapy to treat diabetic and chronic wounds [1], although the mechanisms responsible for improved healing are still unclear. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been shown to act as a directional cues in cellular responses such as migration and activations of several signal transduction cascades [2]. Recent literature delineates an important role of GHz EMF (i.e., with an oscillation period of a fraction of a nanosecond) in inducing rapid and sustained phosphorylation of mitrogen-activated kinase and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) [3]. Recent studies have also implicated MAP kinase in mediating the phosphorylation of Connexin-43 (Cx43) that accompanies regulation of cell-cell communication via connexin gap junctions [4]. Importantly, both MAPK/ERK pathway and Cx43 signaling are involved in the process of angiogenesis [5,6]. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that high-frequency (7.5GHz) EMFs promote angiogenesis in vitro via MAPK/ERK and/or Cx43 signaling. We used a custom-built EMF exposure setup and a self-assembling peptide nanoscaffold as a controlled angiogenic microenvironment [7] to quantify the effect of EMF on capillary formation and underlying cellular responses.
Psoriasis Triggered by Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonist Imiquimod in the Presence of Dermal Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Precursors (2004)

This study shows that psoriasis can be driven by the innate immune system through TLR ligation. Furthermore, our finding that large numbers of PDCs infiltrate psoriatic skin suggests a role of lesional PDCs as type I interferon-producing targets for the TLR7 agonist imiquimod.
Cobalt/Lewis Acid Catalysis for Hydrocarbofunctionalization of Alkynes via Cooperative C–H Activation (2020)

A catalytic system comprising a cobalt-diphosphine complex and a Lewis acid (LA) such as AlMe<sub>3</sub> has been found to promote hydrocarbofunctionalization reactions of alkynes with Lewis basic and electron-deficient substrates such as formamides, pyridones, pyridines and related azines, imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridines, and azole derivatives through site-selective C-H activation. Compared with known Ni/LA catalytic systems for analogous transformations, the present catalytic systems not only feature convenient setup using inexpensive and bench-stable precatalyst and ligand such as Co(acac)<sub>3</sub> and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) but also display distinct site-selectivity toward C-H activation of pyridone and pyridine derivatives. In particular, a completely C4-selective alkenylation of pyridine has been achieved for the first time. Meanwhile, the present catalytic system proved to promote exclusively C5-selective alkenylation of imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine derivatives. Mechanistic studies including DFT calculations on the Co/Al-catalyzed addition of formamide to alkyne have suggested that the reaction involves cleavage of the carbamoyl C-H bond as the rate-limiting step, which proceeds through a ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) mechanism leading to an alkenyl(carbamoyl)cobalt intermediate.
Theory of induced spatial incoherence. Interim report (1987)

This paper describes theoretical and experimental investigations of induced spatial incoherence (ISI), a technique for achieving the smooth and controllable target beam profiles required for direct-drive laser fusion. Analytic and numerical calculations show that nonuniformities due to interference among the beamlets are smoothed by both thermal diffusion and temporal averaging. Under laser-plasma conditions of interest to ICF, average ablation pressure nonuniformities about 1% should be readily attainable. A partial ISI scheme, which allows widely-spaced beamlets to remain mutually coherent, is examined with the resulting high spatial frequency interference structure can be effectively smoothed by thermal diffusion alone. A perturbation analysis shows that the average target profile remains relatively insensitive to laser beam aberration when the scalelength of that aberration is larger than the initial beamlet width. This aberration will tend to broaden and smooth , rather than introduce any small-scale structure. The broadening is largely controllable because it depends only upon spatial averages of the aberrated quantities over the entire laser aperture; the uncontrollable perturbations can be reduced to about 1% in practical cases.
Vismodegib as a Treatment for Multiple Non-locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinomas (2022)

We present the case of a 77-year-old female with seven non-locally advanced basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the face who achieved a clinical complete response (CR) in six lesions after completing twelve months of Vismodegib monotherapy with tolerable side effects. This case investigates the off-label practical use of Vismodegib monotherapy to treat multiple non-locally advanced BCCs and reduce the surgical burden of disease in select patients.
Communication Aid with Human Eyes Only (2008)

A communication aid with human eyes only is proposed. A set of candidate character is displayed onto computer screen of relatively small and light Head Mount Display: HMD that is mounted on glasses of which user wears on. When user looks at a candidate character with his/hers left eye while right eye picture is taken with small and light web camera that also is mounted on the glasses. The proposed system can selects 81 characters with two layers of 9 by 9 character candidate image. Other than these there is another selective image including control keys and frequently use of sentences. By using image matching between previously acquired template image for each candidate character and the currently acquired image, the proposed system realizes that which character in the candidates is selected. By using blinking and fix one's eye on combine together, the proposed system recognizes that user determines the selected key from the candidates. The blinking detection method employs a morphologic filter to avoid misunderstanding of dark eye detection due to eyebrows and shadows. Thus user can input sentences. User also may edit the sentences and then the sentences are read with Text to Speech: TTS software tool. Thus the system allows support conversations between handicapped and disabled persons without voice and the others peoples because only the function required for conversation is human eyes. Also the proposed system can be used as an input system for wearable computing systems. Test results by the 6 different able persons show that the proposed system does work with acceptable speed, around 1.5 second / character.
Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease by Noninvasive Anatomical and Functional Imaging (2015)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00979199.
Predictive value for treatment outcome in acute myeloid leukemia of cellular daunorubicin accumulation and P-glycoprotein expression simultaneously determined by flow cytometry (1995)

To evaluate the clinical relevance of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, the intracellular daunorubicin accumulation (IDA) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression were investigated in 87 adult patients with acute leukemia: 69 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 10 with AML at relapse, and eight with secondary leukemia to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS-AML). IDA and P-gp expression were determined by double-labeling flow cytometry analysis. Of 87 patients, 36 expressed P-gp (41%). P-gp expression was more frequently observed in AML at relapse and MDS-AML as compared with de novo AML (P = .0001). P-gp expression was significantly associated with CD34 expression (P = .0003) and chromosome 7 abnormalities (P = .027). A significantly reduced IDA was observed in P-gp+ as compared with P-gp- patients (P = .0007). Of the 87 patients, 51 achieved complete remission (CR). A reduced IDA was observed in patients in failure as compared with patients in CR (22% +/- 17% v 42% +/- 21%; P = 10(-4). Twelve of 36 P-gp+ patients as compared with 40 of 51 P-gp- patients achieved CR (33% v 78%; P = 10(-4). The prognostic value of IDA and P-gp expression was confirmed in multivariate analysis. These data suggest that the determination of IDA and P-gp expression may be useful in designing therapy for patients with AML.
Synthesis and evaluation of polyallylamine chelating polymers for the selective removal of metal ions (1996)

A major goal of our research program is to develop polymer supported ion specific extraction systems for the removal of actinides and other hazardous metal ions from wastewaters. The advantage of the use of water soluble polymers in metal ion separation processes is that due to the homogeneity of the system, they are expected to provide more rapid exchange kinetics with the target metal ion than ion exchange and chelating resins. Subsequently, the soluble polymer-metal ion complexes can be separated or concentrated using ultrafiltration membrane units. A number of water soluble chelating polymers have been synthesized in our laboratory by functionalization of commercially available polyallylamine with various ligand moieties such as hydroxamates and carboxylates. The ability of these polymers to complex with representative metal ions to give soluble complexes under different pH conditions has been examined. Also the use of these water soluble polymers to remove a number of target metal ions from solutions using ultrafiltration as the mode of metal ion separation will be discussed.
Advances in the immunohistological diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy (2002)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is aetiopathogenically linked to intra-myocardial inflammation, which is most often evoked by cardiotropic viral (coxsackieviral and adenoviral) infection. Diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy (InfCM) imposes sensitivity and specificity requirements that are not fulfilled by the histological Dallas criteria because of considerable inter-observer variability and sampling error. Quantitative immunohistological evaluation of endo-myocardial biopsies consistently confirmed the presence of InfCM in approximately 50% of the DCM patients. In this context, T-lymphocytic infiltrates, macrophages and endothelial cellular adhesion molecule expression emerged as diagnostic hallmarks of InfCM. The close association between immunocompetent infiltrates and endothelial cellular adhesion molecule abundance confirmed the hypothesized inter-dependence of those factors. The homogenous cellular adhesion molecule expression pattern infers a negligible sampling error associated with immunohistological diagnosis of InfCM. Phenotypic characterization of infiltrates revealed that, in addition to the mean infiltration number of T lymphocytes (>7·0 cells. mm−2), activated and specifically cytotoxic lymphocytes, as well as macrophages, deserve attention in the diagnosis of InfCM. These insights were confirmed by automated digital image analysis, which enables a standardized quantification mode that is devoid of inter-observer variability. Several trials confirmed that, in contrast to the conventional Dallas criteria, the immunohistological InfCM criteria are valid for the selection of DCM patients who will benefit from immunosuppressive treatment. In the post-Dallas-criteria era, immunohistological evaluation of endo-myocardial biopsies may eventually guide immunomodulatory treatment of patients with InfCM.
Short Communication : Phenotypic Changes in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Cynomolgus Monkeys Acutely Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (1998)

The quantitative and phenotypic changes of peripheral blood monocytes during the acute stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection were investigated. We inoculated intravenously three cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with 100 TCID50 of SIVmac239 and collected whole blood twice a week until 35 days postinoculation. We found that the relative number of monocytes in peripheral blood leukocytes significantly increased at 7-17 days postinoculation. This increase was concomitant with the peak of primary SIV antigenemia. To determine if the monocytes observed during the acute stage were phenotypically altered, they were periodically examined for the expression of surface markers (i.e., CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD29, D32, CD56, CD62L, CD64, CD80, and MHC-II-DR) by flow cytometry. The results showed that the expression levels of CD14 and CD56 on most of the monocytes were remarkably reduced at 7-17 days postinoculation, and a new subpopulation, CD14lowCD16+CD80+ monocytes, was clearly detected at 10 days postinoculation. These results indicate that the phenotypic alteration of peripheral blood monocytes occurs during the primary SIV infection.
Strategies for Optimizing Polypropylene−Clay Nanocomposite Structure (2002)

The structure of nanocomposites produced by melt-mixing polypropylene and 5 wt % of organically modified layered silicates with varying amounts of different maleated polypropylene compatibilizer grades has been analyzed with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and melt rheology. The extent of delamination in different nanocomposites has been quantified from analysis of several TEM images for each specimen by a product of the single particle volume fraction and the intrinsic viscosity of such particles. This measure correlated directly with the low shear relative viscosity of the molten composites (relative to the silicate free mixture of polypropylene and compatibilizer). The results also indicate that the acid number alone is not a good predictor of compatibilizer effectiveness, i.e., the amount required for exfoliation. The molar ratio of functional groups to compatibilizer chains is found to be a better parameter for ranking compatibilizer effectiveness than the acid number, which is a weight ratio. With higher values of the molar ratio, lower concentrations of compatibilizer are required for significant exfoliation. With the highest molar ratio compatibilizer, an optimum compatibilizer concentration of about 10 wt % leads to a composite with the most exfoliated structure.
Studies on growth and development of golden plum (2005)

The experimental results indicated that the growth and development of Golden plum was trable S-shaped curves: slow-fast-slow-fast-slow. The whole growth and development course was divided into five periods: the slow growth period of infant fruit, the first fast growth period of fruit, the second slow growth period of fruit, the second fast growth period of fruit and the third slow growth period of fruit at the beginning of ripening. The second slow growth period of fruit inosculated with the rigidification period of stone, and the first and the second fast growth period of fruit were two pivotal periods for fruit to grow. The variational curves of fresh fruit weight and fruit volume were almost semblable with that of vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, side diameter and pulp thickness of fruit. After relatively analyzed, we found that the relative coefficients among vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, side diameter, respectively pulp thickness of fruit and fresh fruit weight were 0.9421**, 0.9442**, 0.9413** and 0.9843**, and the relative coefficients among vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, side diameter, pulp thickness of fruit and fruit volume were respectively 0.9391**, 0.9462**, 0.9373** and 0.9824**, and those indicated that they rose synchronously. The growth and development of stone was about T-shaped curves: fast-slow-stopping. Before thirty-one days after Golden plum shattered, it was the fast growth period of stone. After that it was the slow growth period of stone, and at the same time, stone started to scleroses and change color. It was fifty-nine days after Golden plum shattered that stone attained the inherent size and color, and at the same time, stone stopped sclerosesing. After that stone stopped growing.
Methapyrilene Toxicity: Anchorage of Pathologic Observations to Gene Expression Alterations (2002)

Methapyrilene (MP) exposure of animals can result in an array of adverse pathological responses including hepatotoxicity. This study investigates gene expression and histopathological alterations in response to MP treatment in order to 1) utilize computational approaches to classify samples derived from livers of MP treated rats based on severity of toxicity incurred in the corresponding tissue, 2) to phenotypically anchor gene expression pattems, and 3) to gain insight into mechanism(s) of methapyrilene hepatotoxicity. Large-scale differential gene expression levels associated with the exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to the rodent hepatic carcinogen MP for 1, 3, or 7 days after daily dosage with 10 or 100 mg/kg/day were monitored. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were successful in classifying samples in agreement with microscopic observations and revealed low-dose effects that were not observed histopathologically. Data from cDNA microarray analysis corroborated observed histopathological alterations such as hepatocellular necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, microvesicular vacuolization, and portal inflammation observed in the livers of MP exposed rats and provided insight into the role of specific genes in the studied toxicological processes.
ADMM for nonconvex AC optimal power flow (2017)

The objective of the paper is to implement alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve a nonconvex alternating current optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem. There is no guarantee of convergence for ADMM when it is applied to a nonconvex optimization problem. In this article, we not only present the procedure of consensus ADMM implementation on an AC OPF problem for IEEE 14-bus system but also present the results related to ADMM parameters and convergence. The solutions from MATPOWER and ADMM implementation are also compared.
Special issue on compact x-ray sources (2014)

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics is delighted to announce a forthcoming special issue on compact x-ray sources, to appear in the winter of 2014, and invites you to submit a paper.
Refinement and Usability Analysis of an eHealth App for Ankylosing Spondylitis as a Complementary Treatment to Physical Therapy: Development and Usability Study (Preprint) (2023)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Mobile eHealth apps have been used as a complementary treatment to increase the quality of life of patients and provide new opportunities for the management of rheumatic diseases. Telemedicine, particularly in the areas of prevention, diagnostics, and therapy, has become an essential cornerstone in the care of patients with rheumatic diseases. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aims to improve the design and technology of YogiTherapy and evaluate its usability and quality. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We newly implemented the mobile eHealth app YogiTherapy with a modern design, the option to change language, and easy navigation to improve the app’s usability and quality for patients. After refinement, we evaluated the app by conducting a study with 16 patients with AS (4 female and 12 male; mean age 48.1, SD 16.8 y). We assessed the usability of YogiTherapy with a task performance test (TPT) with a think-aloud protocol and the quality with the German version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> In the TPT, the participants had to solve 6 tasks that should be performed on the app. The overall task completion rate in the TPT was high (84/96, 88% completed tasks). Filtering for videos and navigating to perform an assessment test caused the largest issues during the TPT, while registering in the app and watching a yoga video were highly intuitive. Additionally, 12 (75%) of the 16 participants completed the German version of MARS. The quality of YogiTherapy was rated with an average MARS score of 3.79 (SD 0.51) from a maximum score of 5. Furthermore, results from the MARS questionnaire demonstrated a positive evaluation regarding functionality and aesthetics. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> The refined and tested YogiTherapy app showed promising results among most participants. In the future, the app could serve its function as a complementary treatment for patients with AS. For this purpose, surveys with a larger number of patients should still be conducted. As a substantial advancement, we made the app free and openly available on the iOS App and Google Play stores. </sec>