gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Demonstration of the Horizontal Treatment Well ( HRX Well®) for Passive In Situ Remediation (2020)

Abstract The horizontal reactive media treatment well (HRX Well®) uses directionally drilled horizontal wells filled with a treatment media to induce flow‐focusing behavior created by the well‐to‐aquifer permeability contrast to passively capture proportionally large volumes of groundwater. Groundwater is treated in situ as it flows through the HRX Well and downgradient portions of the aquifer are cleaned via elution as these zones are flushed with clean water discharging from the HRX Well. The HRX Well concept is particularly well suited for sites where long‐term mass discharge control is a primary performance objective. This concept is appropriate for recalcitrant and difficult‐to‐treat constituents, including chlorinated solvents, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 1,4‐dioxane, and metals. A full‐scale HRX Well was installed and operated to treat trichloroethene (TCE) with zero valent iron (ZVI). The model‐predicted enhanced flow through the HRX Well (compared to the flow in and equivalent cross‐sectional area orthogonal to flow in the natural formation before HRX Well installation) and treatment zone width was consistent with flows and widths estimated independently by point velocity probe (PVP) testing, HRX Well tracer testing, and observed treatment in downgradient monitoring wells. The actual average capture zone width was estimated to be between 45 and 69 feet. Total TCE mass discharge reduction was maintained through the duration of the performance monitoring period and exceeded 99.99% (%). Decreases in TCE concentrations were observed at all four downgradient monitoring wells within the treatment zone (ranging from 50 to 74% at day 436), and the first arrival of treated water was consistent with model predictions. The field demonstration confirmed the HRX Well technology is best suited for long‐term mass discharge control, can be installed under active infrastructure, requires limited ongoing operation and maintenance, and has low life cycle energy and water requirements.
Longitudinal transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of cesarean scar niche incidence and depth in the first two years after single‐ or double‐layer uterotomy closure: a randomized controlled trial (2017)

The incidence of cesarean scar niche formation and the niche depth was independent of the hysterotomy closure technique.
Relationships between body composition and ultrasonic measurements in lactating dairy cows. (2009)

The present study involves ultrasonic measurements and determination of body composition of 146 Holstein × Friesian lactating cows offered grass silage-based diets ad libitum. The ultrasonic measurements were recorded 3 or 4 days prior to slaughter, including back fat (BF) thickness and depth and area of eye muscle (EM), each being taken at three sites: between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae (L3), between the 10th and 11th ribs (R10) and between the 12th and 13th ribs (R13). The objective was to develop prediction equations for empty body (EB) composition of lipid, crude protein (CP) and energy from live animal data. Positive relationships were developed between EM area and depth measured at the three sites and EB concentrations of lipid, CP and energy (P<0.001). The three BF thickness variables were also positively related to EB concentrations of lipid and gross energy (GE) (P<0.001), while relationships with EB concentration of CP were not significant. As the relationships with BF thickness at lumbar 3 and EM area at rib 10 were stronger than those with their counterparts, they were used as primary predictors to develop prediction equations for EB concentrations of lipid, CP (g/kg0.75) and GE (MJ/kg0.75) The R2 values in the multiple prediction equations for lipid and energy reached 0.68 and 0.69 respectively, compared with 0.33 for CP concentration. These findings indicate a relatively good accuracy for prediction of EB concentrations of lipid and GE for lactating dairy cows when using ultrasonic measurements and other live animal variables.
Quillaja Saponin Formulations that Stimulate Proinflammatory Cytokines Elicit a Potent Acquired Cell‐Mediated Immunity (1999)

We examined the ability of various Quillaja saponins in iscom-matrix formulations to induce proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-6, and to stimulate acquired immune responses to influenza virus envelope proteins. The A-fraction of Quillaja saponins (QH-A) was shown to stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APC) to produce proinflammatory cytokines, and elicited a high primary antigen-specific antibody response and potent cell-mediated responses, as measured by T-cell proliferation, production of cytokines and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The C-fraction of Quillaja saponins (QH-C) was shown to have a low capacity to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines and elicited low primary antibody and T-cell responses. However, the QH-C iscom-matrix mediated a potent booster effect, resulting in a high secondary antibody response. The ability of APC to discriminate and to respond to QH-A formulations more efficiently than to QH-C with release of proinflammatory cytokines, which precedes a potent acquired immune response, identifies an important mechanism through which some adjuvants may exert their immunoenhancing activities.
Chemical and biological basis for development of novel radioprotective drugs for cancer therapy (2021)

Ionizing radiation (IR) causes chemical changes in biological systems through direct interaction with the macromolecules or by causing radiolysis of water. This property of IR is harnessed in the clinic for radiotherapy in almost 50% of cancers patients. Despite the advent of stereotactic radiotherapy instruments and other advancements in shielding techniques, the inadvertent deposition of radiation dose in the surrounding normal tissue can cause late effects of radiation injury in normal tissues. Radioprotectors, which are chemical or biological agents, can reduce or mitigate these toxic side-effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and also during radiation accidents. The desired characteristics of an ideal radioprotector include low chemical toxicity, high risk to benefit ratio and specific protection of normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation without compromising the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major contributors of IR mediated toxicity, plethora of studies have highlighted the potential role of antioxidants to protect against IR induced damage. However, owing to the lack of any clinically approved radioprotector against whole body radiation, researchers have shifted the focus toward finding alternate targets that could be exploited for the development of novel agents. The present review provides a comprehensive insight in to the different strategies, encompassing prime molecular targets, which have been employed to develop radiation protectors/countermeasures. It is anticipated that understanding such factors will lead to the development of novel strategies for increasing the outcome of radiotherapy by minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
[The identification and partial characterization of merosin--a new specific protein of the basement membranes of certain tissues]. (1989)

A tissue-specific basement membrane-associated protein has been identified by the use of monoclonal antibodies prepared against a protein fraction of human placenta. In frozen sections of human tissues the monoclonal antibodies decorated basement membranes of Schwann cells, striated muscle, and trophoblast. In antibody-affinity chromatography of limited pepsin digests of human placenta, a 65-kDa polypeptide was bound by the monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antisera and new monoclonal antibodies were raised against the isolated 65-kDa polypeptide, and they stained human tissues identically to the original monoclonal antibodies. An 80-kDa polypeptide was detected by these antibodies in placental extracts prepared without proteolysis. The 65-kDa and 80-kDa polypeptides were immunologically distinct from laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin and major serum proteins. These polypeptides are presumably derived from a novel basement membrane-associated protein which we named merosin. Several cDNA clones were isolated which code for a protein specifically recognized by polyclonal antibodies to the 65-kDa fragment. In developing mouse tissues, merosin was first detected at the newborn stage. The restricted tissue distribution and the late development appearance of merosin suggest that the protein has a tissue-specific function in highly differentiated cells.
Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings (OIC’2001): manufacturing problem (2002)

Measurements are presented of the experimental filters submitted to the first optical thin-film manufacturing problem posed in conjunction with the Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings, in which the object was to produce multilayers with spectral transmittance and reflectance curves that were as close as possible to the target values that were specified in the 400- to 600-nm spectral region. No limit was set on the overall thickness of the solutions or the number of layers used in their construction. The participants were free to use the coating materials of their choice. Six different groups submitted a total of 11 different filters for evaluation. Three different physical vapor deposition processes were used for the manufacture of the coatings: magnetron sputtering, ion-beam sputtering, and plasma-ion-assisted, electron-beam gun evaporation. The solutions ranged in metric thickness from 758 to 4226 nm and consisted of between 8 and 27 layers. For all but two of the samples submitted, the average rms departure of the measured transmittances and reflectances from the target values in the spectral region of interest was between 0.98% and 1.55%.
Evaluating the RSVP mobility proxy concept (2003)

Mobility and QoS provision are the two most important burdens to solve before IP becomes truly ubiquitous. Mobile IP and RSVP (resource reservation protocol) are the most visible proposals for those problems. Their interoperability, though, is inefficient. To ameliorate the compatibility problem and performance gap, we have proposed the introduction of the RSVP mobility proxy (see Paskalis, S. et al., "RSVP Mobility Proxy", Internet Draft, 2001; Workshop on Wireless Local Networks, 2001). We present a performance evaluation of our scheme versus the plain RSVP operation.
Portable Tools for Interoperable Grids : Modular Architectures and Software for Job and Workflow Management (2009)

The emergence of Grid computing infrastructures enables researchers to shareresources and collaborate in more efficient ways than before, despite belongingto different organizations and being geographically distributed. While the Gridcomputing paradigm offers new opportunities, it also gives rise to newdifficulties. This thesis investigates methods, architectures, and algorithmsfor a range of topics in the area of Grid resource management. One studiedtopic is how to automate and improve resource selection, despite heterogeneityin Grid hardware, software, availability, ownership, and usage policies.Algorithmical difficulties for this are, e.g., characterization of jobs andresources, prediction of resource performance, and data placementconsiderations. Investigated Quality of Service aspects of resource selectioninclude how to guarantee job start and/or completion times as well as how tosynchronize multiple resources for coordinated use through coallocation.Another explored research topic is architectural considerations for frameworksthat simplify and automate submission, monitoring, and fault handling for largeamounts of jobs. This thesis also investigates suitable Grid interactionpatterns for scientific workflows, studies programming models that enable dataparallelism for such workflows, as well as analyzes how workflow compositiontools should be designed to increase flexibility and expressiveness. We today have the somewhat paradoxical situation where Grids, originally aimed tofederate resources and overcome interoperability problems between differentcomputing platforms, themselves struggle with interoperability problems causedby the wide range of interfaces, protocols, and data formats that are used indifferent environments. This thesis demonstrates how proof-of-concept softwaretools for Grid resource management can, by using (proposed) standard formatsand protocols as well as leveraging state-of-the-art principles fromservice-oriented architectures, be made independent of current Gridinfrastructures. Further interoperability contributions include an in-depthstudy that surveys issues related to the use of Grid resources in scientificworkflows. This study improves our understanding of interoperability amongscientific workflow systems by viewing this topic from three differentperspectives: model of computation, workflow language, and executionenvironment. A final contribution in this thesis is the investigation of how the design ofGrid middleware tools can adopt principles and concepts from softwareengineering in order to improve, e.g., adaptability and interoperability.
Semi-Automated Mapping for the Reflexion Method (2005)

A significant aspect in applying the Software Reflexion Model analysis is mapping of components found in the source code onto the conceptual components defined in the hypothesized architecture. To date, this mapping is done manually, which requires a lot of work for large software systems. This thesis evaluates if and how cluster analysis can leverage the manual mapping of source code artifacts.

For this evaluation, the HuGMe method has been developed, in which assets of existing clustering techniques are combined and applied to support the user in the mapping activity. The result is a semi-automated mapping approach that accommodates the automatic clustering of the source model with the user's hypothesized knowledge about the system's architecture. In addition, a user-interface is designed to support the semi-automated mapping of HuGMe.

The core of HuGMe is what I call a supportive clustering algorithm. The term 'supportive' means that the task of the algorithm is not only to automatically cluster entities but to support the user in the efforts to achieve a correct and complete map. The clustering algorithm maps only those source code artifacts without user-interaction for which a mapping decision is 'easy enough' to be made automatically. For all other source code components, where such an automatic mapping is not possible, the clustering algorithm provides suggestions for the user to which subsystem the component might belong.

This thesis also presents a case study in which the cluster analysis of HuGMe is successfully applied to extend a partial map of a real-world software application. Thus confirming the benefit cluster analysis brings into the mapping activity.
Ground state properties of the one-dimensional spin-Peilers model with symmetric and antisymmetric superexchange interactions (2005)

Ground-state properties of the one-dimensional spin-Peilers model with Dzyaloshi nskii-Moriya（DM）interaction and Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entin-Wohlman-Aharony（KSEA） interactions are studied by Lanczos numerical method. It is shown that the DM interaction acts against dimerization when the DM interaction is irrelative to dimerization. On the other hand, the DM interaction is favorable for dimerization when DM interaction depends on the dimerization. Otherwise, the KSEA interactio n is always against dimerization. The KSEA interaction affects the contribution of the DM interaction to dimerization, and even offsets the effect of DM interac tion. The dimerization vanishes when DM and KSEA interactions are large enough i n some special cases.
Feasibility of postural lung recruitment maneuver in children: a randomized, controlled study (2020)

Lung aeration and compliance improved only in the group in which a posture change strategy was applied.
Diagnostic-strategy selection for series systems (1990)

The selection of efficient testing strategies for repairable systems composed of components arranged in series is considered. Two cost models (for perfect and imperfect testing) represent the consequences of possible test realizations. The probability that any particular component is responsible for the failure is derived and used as a basis for the two models. The model for perfect testing is solved exactly. In the optimal perfect-test sequence the components are tested in decreasing order of the ratio of: (probability that the component is responsible for the system failure) to (component test cost). For imperfect testing, possible diagnostic errors are included in a model for which two heuristic solution strategies are provided. The model represents the consequences of both false-positive and false-negative component-test outcomes. The heuristic strategies yield efficient test sequences. Under reasonable assumptions, the second heuristic strategy is guaranteed to locate the optimal test sequence. The model can quantitatively evaluate the benefits of test-accuracy enhancement plans. These models and algorithms provide convenient methods for selecting efficient test-sequences. This is illustrated by representative examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical WDM Multicasting Design under Wavelength Conversion Constraints (2005)

In the next-generation networks, ultra high-speed data transmission will become necessary to support a variety of advanced point-to-point and multipoint multimedia services with stringent qualityof-service (QoS) constraints. Such a requirement desires the realization of optical WDM networks. Researches on multicast in optical WDM networks have become active for the purpose of efficient use of wavelength resources. Since multiple channels are more likely to share the same links in WDM multicast, effective routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) technology becomes very important. The introduction of the wavelength conversion technology leads to more efficient use of wavelength resources. This technology, however, has problems to be solved, and the number of wavelength converters will be restricted in the network. In this paper, we propose an effective WDM multicast design method on condition that wavelength converters on each switching node are restricted, which consists of three separate steps: routing, wavelength converter allocation, and wavelength assignment. In our proposal, preferentially available waveband is classified according to the scale of multicast group. Assuming that the number of wavelength converters on each switching node is limited, we evaluate its performance from a viewpoint of the call blocking probability.
Some Optical Properties of CuCl Single Crystals (1967)

The fluorescence emission was investigated in single crystal specimens of CuCl at low temperatures. Strong emission lines of instrumentally limitted width are observed at wavelengths in the range of exciton absorption below 20°K. These lines are associated with recombination radiations from free and bound excitons with or without phonon cooperation, and they shift toward higher energy with increasing temperature as are observed in the exciton absorption bands. The average temperature coefficient of all the peak energy at low temperature is +2.5×10 -4 eV/°K. From the temperature dependence of the emission intensity, the activation energies of the various processes are estimated; the ionization energy of the exciton is 0.16 eV and the binding energies of the bound exciton complexes ranged between 0.03 and 0.007 eV.
Muscle response to pneumatic hand tool torque reaction forces (1989)

Surface electromyography was used for studying the effects of torque reaction force acting against the hand, on forearm muscle activity and grip force for five subjects operating right angle, air shut-off nutrunners. Four tools having increasing spindle torque were operated using short and long torque reaction times. Nutrunner spindle torque ranged between 30 Nm and 100 Nm. Short torque reaction time was considered 0.5 s while long torque reaction time was 2 s. Peak horizontal force was the greatest component of the reaction force acting against the hand and accounted for more than 97% of the peak resultant hand force. Peak hand force increased from 89 N for the smallest tool to 202 N for the largest tool. Forearm muscle rms EMG, scaled for grip force, indicated average flexor activity during the Torque-reaction phase was more than four times greater than the Pre-start and Post Shut-off phases, and two times greater than the Run-down phase. Flexor EMG activity during the Torque-reaction phase increased for increasing tool peak spindle torque. Average flexor rms EMG activity, scaled for grip force, during the Torque-reaction phase increased from 372 N for the 30 Nm nutrunner to 449 N for the 100 Nm nutrunner. Flexor rms EMG activity averaged during the Torque-reaction phase and scaled for grip force was 390 N for long torque reaction times and increased to 440 N for short torque reaction times. Flexor rms EMG integrated over the torque reaction phase was 839 Ns for long torque reaction times and decreased to 312 Ns for short torque reaction times. The average latency between tool spindle torque onset and peak initial flexor rms EMG for long torque reaction times was 294 ms which decreased to 161 ms for short torque reaction times. The average latency between peak tool spindle torque, just prior to tool shut-off, and peak final rms EMG for long torque reaction times was 97 ms for flexors and 188 ms for extensors, which decreased for short torque reaction times to 47 ms for flexors and 116 ms for extensors. The results suggest that right angle nutrunner torque reaction forces can affect extrinsic hand muscles in the forearm, and hence grip exertions, by way of a reflex response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
<title>Optical encryption using joint transform correlator architecture for robust alignment</title> (1999)

A novel architecture for the double random phase encoding optical encryption system using a joint transform correlator is proposed. In the proposed method, the joint power spectrum of the image to be encrypted and the key code is recorded as the encrypted power spectrum. Owing to the joint transform architecture, the alignment of the image and the key code is robust. Computer simulations using a computer generated hologram is presented to confirm our proposed system.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Database: Models, Languages, Design (1997)

I DATABASE MODELS AND ACCESS METHODS 1. Introduction to Databases 2. Relational Databases 3. Relational Algebra 4. Relational Calculus 5. Basic SQL 6. Advanced SQL 7. Object-Oriented Databases 8. Object-Oriented Queries 9. Deductive Databases 10. Deductive Queries 11. Network Databases 12. Hierarchical Databases 13. Comparing the Database Models II DISK STORAGE MANAGEMENT 14. File Structures 15. Indexes 16. File Structures for the Database Models III DATABASE DESIGN 17. Application Design Capture 18. Functional Dependency Analysis 19. Join Dependency Analysis IV EPILOGUE 20. Performance