gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liposomal Gd-DTPA: preparation and characterization of relaxivity. (1989)

Gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) has not proved particularly useful for hepatosplenic magnetic resonance imaging. However, by entrapping the Gd-DTPA within lipid vesicles, one may exploit the ability of the reticuloendothelial system to endocytose particulates, permitting passive delivery of contrast agent to the liver and spleen while decreasing the rate of clearance of Gd-DTPA from the vasculature. Liposomes of 70-400 nm diameter containing Gd-DTPA were prepared by a freeze-thaw extrusion process. These exhibited high trapping efficiencies and excellent stability during storage. For all sizes of liposomes, the relaxivity of the entrapped Gd-DTPA was less than that of free Gd-DTPA. Relaxivity varied linearly with the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the liposomes; the smaller the liposomes, the greater the relaxivity. Liposomes containing cholesterol had a lower relaxivity than liposomes without cholesterol. The authors suggest this reflects the decrease in the water permeability coefficient caused by the presence of cholesterol in the liposome membrane.
Effects of Escherichia coli hemolysin on human monocytes. Cytocidal action and stimulation of interleukin 1 release. (1990)

This study reports on the potent cytocidal and interleukin-1 releasing properties of Escherichia coli hemolysin (ECH) on human monocytes. Nanomolar concentrations of purified ECH (250-2,000 ng/ml) caused rapid and irreversible depletion of cellular ATP to levels below 20% of controls within 60 min. Subcytocidal doses (10-200 ng/ml) of ECH induced rapid release within 60-120 min of large amounts of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) from cultured monocytes. IL-1 beta release occurred in the presence of actinomycin D and cycloheximide, and was thus probably due to processing and export of intracellular IL-1 beta precursor. Incubation of toxin-producing E. coli at ratios of only 0.3-3 colony-forming units per monocyte evoked approximately 50% depletion of total cellular ATP within 90 min. Toxin producers also stimulated synthesis and release of large amounts of interleukin 1, but not of tumor necrosis factor within the same time span. In contrast, non-toxin producers caused neither cell death nor rapid interleukin 1 release. Stimulation of rapid interleukin 1 release coupled with potent cytocidal effects on cells of monocytic origin may represent pathogenetically significant events incurred by bacterial strains that produce ECH and related cytolysins.
Investigation of thermal stress influence on CMUT in standard CMOS process (2009)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) fabricated in standard CMOS and post-CMOS processes undergoes a series of thermal processes at about 1000degC. Thermal stress is generated in the membrane during such process. This paper studies the most severe influence of thermal stress on the performance of CMUT, such as stiffness, collapse voltage, resonant frequency, transformer ratio, coupling coefficient, sensitivity, and bandwidth for the worst-case design, assuming no thermal stress relief by annealing. A membrane in the shape of square microbridge is modeled and some finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out using ANSYS 11.0. A convex membrane with the deformation up to 17% of the initial air gap is obtained in the worst case. Then the influence of thermal stress is investigated based on the comparison between ideal and deformed membrane.
New Stereospecific Method of Synthesis of [Sp]- and [Rp]-Dinucleoside-(3',5') Methanephosphonates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Stereospecific Method of Synthesis of [Sp]- and [Rp]-Dinucleoside-(3',5') MethanephosphonatesLucyna A. Wozniak, Jaroslaw Pyzowski, Michal Wieczorek, and Wojciech J. StecCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 20, 5843–5846Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00099a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (471 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mutations in LRP5 cause primary osteoporosis without features of OI by reducing Wnt signaling activity (2012)

Our results provide additional information on the role of LRP5 mutations and their effects on the development of juvenile-onset primary osteoporosis, and hence the pathogenesis of the disorder. The mutations causing primary osteoporosis reduce the signaling activity of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and may therefore result in decreased bone formation. The specific mechanism affecting signaling activity remains to be resolved in future studies.
Coarse classification using a hierarchical decision tree and top down parsing (2005)

In this paper, we describe a robust technique for segmenting an utterance into a sequence of coarse phonetic classes. The resulting coarse class string is used to provide contextual information for further phonetic analysis, and in lexical access to limit the number of word candidates. Each 10 ms interval of the utterance is first given a probability of belonging to each of five classes: silence, vowel, nasal-like, strong fricative and weak fricative. The probabilities are assigned using a hierarchical classification scheme with Gaussian classifiers at each node. A fuzzy C-means clustering procedure is used to learn the class means and variances from unlabeled data. Dynamic programming is used to align the utterance with all possible coarse class strings in the lexicon. The performance of the classifier has been evaluated on the TI speaker independent isolated digits data. The correct word is hypothesized by a coarse class sequence more than 99 percent of the time.
Chaincode contour processing for handwritten word recognition (1999)

Contour representations of binary images of handwritten words afford considerable reduction in storage requirements while providing lossless representation. On the other hand, the one-dimensional nature of contours presents interesting challenges for processing images for handwritten word recognition. Our experiments indicate that significant gains are to be realized in both speed and recognition accuracy by using a contour representation in handwriting applications.
R2 IM- Robust and Resilient Intersection Management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (2020)

Intersection management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) has the potential to significantly improve safety and mobility. While numerous intersection management designs have been proposed in the past few decades, most of them assume that the CAVs will precisely follow the directions of the Intersection Manager (IM) and prove the safety and demonstrate the efficiency based on this assumption. In real life, however, a CAV that is crossing the intersection may break down, accelerate out-of-control or lie about its information (e.g. intended outgoing lane) and cause an accident. In this paper, we first define a fault model called “rogue vehicle”, which is essentially a CAV that either is dishonest or does not follow the IM's directions and then, propose a novel management algorithm (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> IM) that will ensure safe operation, even if a CAV becomes “rogue” at any point in time. We prove that there can be no accidents inside the intersection, as long as there is no more than one “rogue vehicle” at a time. We demonstrate the safety of R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> IM by performing experiments on 1/10 scale model CAVs and in simulation. We also show that our approach can recover after the rogue vehicle leaves/is removed.
Study of void formation kinetics in Cu interconnects using local sense structures (2011)

A test structure that allows the study of void formation kinetics during electromigration is proposed and characterized. Compared to a standard single-via electromigration test structure voltage-senses are placed near the via. This allows monitoring resistance changes before final void formation, while the void formation process is not affected. Part of the samples show single void formation, while for other samples, multiple voids are formed. For the single void case, a model is proposed to calculate void-depth as a function of time. Initially, voids grow faster and this growth slows down towards the end of the void formation process. Estimated velocities during void formation are in the same order of magnitude compared to literature results of drift velocities during void growth. Cases where multiple voids are formed show that voids which initially form further away from the via stop growing upon formation of a void closer to the via.
Different GABA A receptor subtypes mediate the anxiolytic, abuse-related, and motor effects of benzodiazepine-like drugs in primates (2005)

Benzodiazepines exert their effects by binding to multiple subtypes of the GABAA receptor, the predominant subtypes in the brain being those that contain alpha1-, alpha2-, alpha3-, and alpha5-subunits. To understand the potentially different roles of these subtypes in the therapeutic and side effects of benzodiazepines, we evaluated GABAA receptor subtype-preferring compounds in nonhuman primate models predictive of anxiolytic, sedative, motor, subjective, and reinforcing effects of benzodiazepine-type drugs. These compounds included zolpidem, which shows preferential binding to GABAA receptors containing alpha1-subunits (alpha1GABAA receptors); L-838,417, which shows functional selectivity for alpha2GABAA, alpha3GABAA, and alpha5GABAA receptors; and nonselective conventional benzodiazepines. The results provide evidence in nonhuman primates that alpha1GABAA receptors do not play a key role in the anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant properties of benzodiazepine-type drugs; instead, these effects involve alpha2GABAA, alpha3GABAA, and/or alpha5GABAA subtypes. Our results also suggest that the alpha1GABAA receptor subtype might be critically involved in the subjective, sedative, and motor effects of benzodiazepine-type drugs. In contrast, stimulation of alpha1GABAA receptors is sufficient, but not necessary, for mediation of the abuse potential of these drugs.
Nové mineralogické nálezy na Sn-W ložisku Cínovec v Krušných horách (Česká republika) (2009)

Vzacne supergenni mineraly ze skupiny crandallitu (florencit-(Ce), goayzit, crandallit), thometzekit a walpurgin byly nalezeny v materialu z opustěneho Sn-W ložiska Cinovec v Krusných horach, severni Cechy, Ceska republika. Mineraly skupiny crandallitu vytvaři silně zonalni oranžove až cervene krystaly do 0,4 mm v dutinach křemen - kasiterit - wolframitove žiloviny. Thometzekit vytvaři žlute nebo žlutozelene agregaty do 2 mm v dutinach křemenne žiloviny v asociaci se segnititem, fluoritem, opalem a mixitem. Walpurgin byl nalezen jako skupiny dobře vyvinutých stebelnatých světle žlutých krystalů do 2 mm v dutině křemenne žiloviny. Fyzikalni a chemicka data pro vsechny popsane mineralni faze jsou podana.
Generation and characterization of the human induced pluripotent stem cell line NMIi010-A from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy 49–year old male individual (2021)

Peripheral-blood derived CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were isolated from a 49-year old male donor and were successfully reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using integration-free episomal vectors. The hiPSC line exhibited a typical stem cell-like morphology and endogenously expressed several pluripotency markers by concomitant loss of exogenous reprogramming vectors. Genomic integrity was confirmed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Further analysis affirmed the ability of this hiPSC line to differentiate into all three germ layers. Thus, the reported cell line may serve as a healthy control for disease modeling.
Maternal Supplementation With a Casein Hydrolysate and Yeast Beta-glucan From Late Gestation Through Lactation Improves Gastrointestinal Health of Piglets at Weaning (2022)

Abstract Improving maternal nutrition during pregnancy/lactation is a promising strategy to maximise the intestinal health of piglets undergoing abrupt weaning under commercial production conditions. This experiment investigated the effects of maternal supplementation of a casein hydrolysate and yeast β-glucan (CH-YBG) from d83 of gestation until weaning (d28) on sow faecal microbial populations and measures of piglet gastrointestinal health parameters at weaning. Sows (n = 10 sows/group) were assigned to: 1) control diet, and 2) control diet + CH-YBG. Maternal supplementation increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, including members Lactobacillus and Christensella in the sows faeces, with a concomitant increase in the caecal and colonic abundance of Lactobacillus and caecal abundance of Christensella in the weaned piglets compared to the controls . Piglets weaned from the supplemented sows had increased villus height in the duodenum (P &lt; 0·05) and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, as well as a decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine genes ( IL6 / TNF / TGFB) , the tight junction gene CLDN3 and the mucin gene MUC2 in the duodenum/jejunum compared to the controls (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, maternal CH-YBG supplementation during pregnancy/lactation improved microbial, structural, and inflammatory measures of gastrointestinal health of piglets at weaning. This is a promising strategy to alleviate the challenges that occur with early abrupt weaning in commercial pig production.
Production of a pulsed high-density electron beam by channel spark discharge (2001)

The characteristics of the generation of a high-energy electron beam by a channel spark discharge were investigated. After a hollow cathode discharge in low-pressure nitrogen gas, a pulsed high voltage of –8 to –20 kV from a 2- to 32-nF capacitor initiated a channel spark discharge in a glass tube with an internal diameter of 8 mm. Using a newly designed experimental apparatus, it was shown that a high-energy electron beam was produced in the pressure range from 0.4 Pa to 3.1 × 10–3 Pa in the vacuum chamber. Varying the internal diameter at the end of the glass tube between 16.8 mm and 0.1 mm controlled the diameter of the electron beam. Measurements of the energy distribution of the electron beam revealed that the mean electron energy was approximately 12 keV at the charging voltage of the 20-kV capacitor. The optimum power density of 1.4 × 108 W/cm2 was obtained by using a glass tube with an internal diameter of 2.7 mm at the end at a pressure of 0.4 Pa. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 134(4): 10–18, 2001
Radiation-pattern reconfigurable and wideband vector antenna for 3-D direction finding (2020)

The direction-finding performance of a radiation-pattern reconfigurable and wideband vector antenna is reported. This eight-port vector antenna consisted of the arrangement of circular arrays of Vivaldi antennas. Accurate estimation of the direction of arrival of an incoming vertically- or horizontally-polarized electromagnetic field across the three-dimensional upper half-space was achieved over a frequency bandwidth of 8.2:1 thanks to radiation-pattern reconfigurability. The proposed vector antenna offered the opportunity of using more radiation patterns than those commonly used in standard vector antennas for estimating the direction of arrival of incoming electromagnetic fields, which led to better estimation accuracy. Measurement results were found to be in good agreement with the simulated results obtained from full-wave electromagnetic simulations.
Molecular analysis of spv virulence genes of the salmonella virulence plasmids (1993)

Genes on an 8 kb region common to the virulence plasmids of several serovars of Salmonella are sufficient to replace the entire plasmid in enabling systemic infection in animal models. This virulence region encompasses five genes which previously have been designated with different names from each investigating laboratory. A common nomenclature has been devised for the five genes, i.e. spv for salmonella plasmid virulence. The first gene, spvR, encodes a positive activator for the following four genes, spvABCD. DNA sequence analysis of the spv genes from Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dublin, and Salmonella choleraesuis demonstrated extremely high conservation of the DNA and amino acid sequences. The spv genes are induced at stationary phase and in carbon-poor media, and optimal expression is dependent on the katF locus. The virulence functions of the spv genes are not known, but these genes may increase the growth rate of salmonellae in host cells and affect the interaction of salmonellae with the host immune system.
Sequence and structural organization of murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene 1 (1987)

In murine cytomegalovirus, abundant immediate-early transcription originates from 0.769 to 0.815 map units of the genome. This region contains the immediate-early gene (gene ieI) which encodes pp89, a phosphoprotein active in transcriptional regulation. In this paper we report on the precise location, structural organization, and sequence of gene ieI. The predominant ieI transcript, a 2.75-kilobase mRNA, is generated by splicing and composed of four exons. The precise termini of the 2.75-kilobase mRNA and the positions of the exons were determined by nuclease digestion experiments with either 5' or 3' end-labeled DNA fragments or in vitro transcribed cRNA probes. Exons of 300, 111, 191, and 1,703 nucleotides are separated by introns of 825, 95, and 122 nucleotides. The first AUG is located in the second exon of 111 nucleotides, and a single open reading frame of 1,785 nucleotides predicts a protein of 595 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 66,713. The N-terminal region of the protein contains sequences similar to a consensus sequence of histone 2B proteins. The regulatory function of pp89 and the role of this protein as an immunodominant antigen are discussed in relation to the amino acid sequence.
Watchful Waiting for Solid Renal Masses: Insight Into the Natural History and Results of Delayed Intervention (2007)

Watchful waiting for renal masses is a reasonable option for appropriately selected patients, especially those with competing comorbidities. Delayed intervention does not appear to adversely impact pathological outcomes.
Electric discharge caused by expanding armatures in flux compression generators (2009)

In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate that explosively driven expansion of metallic armature of the magnetic flux compression generator (FCG) plays a dominant role in the formation of plasma and electric discharge initiation inside the FCG.
Gastrointestinal Surface Protection and Mucosa Reconditioning (1995)

A totally new enteral formula has been designed based on probiotic bacteria and fiber and aimed at colonizing the intestinal mucosa with a local probiotic effect and fermentation of fiber.
Protein Kinase Cα-Mediated Chemotaxis of Neutrophils Requires NF-κB Activity but Is Independent of TNFα Signaling in Mouse Skin In Vivo (2005)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are major regulators of cutaneous homeostasis and mediate inflammation in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We have previously reported that transgenic mice overexpressing PKCalpha in the skin exhibit severe intraepidermal neutrophilic inflammation and keratinocyte apoptosis when treated topically with TPA. Activation of PKCalpha increases the production of TNFalpha and the transcription of chemotactic factors (MIP-2, KC, S100A8/A9), vascular endothelial growth factor, and GM-CSF in K5-PKCalpha keratinocytes. In response to PKCalpha activation, NF-kappaB translocates to the nucleus and this is associated with IkappaB phosphorylation and degradation. Preventing IkappaB degradation reduces both the expression of inflammation-associated genes and chemoattractant release. To determine whether TNFalpha mediated NF-kappaB translocation and subsequent expression of proinflammatory factors, K5-PKCalpha mice were treated systemically with a dimeric soluble form of p75 TNFR (etanercept) or crossed with mice deficient for both TNFR isoforms, and keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of TNFalpha-neutralizing Abs. The in vivo treatment and TNFR deficiency did not prevent inflammation, and the in vitro treatment did not prevent NF-kappaB nuclear translocation after TPA. Together these results implicate PKCalpha as a regulator of a subset of cutaneous cytokines and chemokines responsible for intraepidermal inflammation independent of TNFalpha. PKCalpha inhibition may have therapeutic benefit in some human inflammatory skin disorders.
Predictable Endodontic Success: The Hybrid Approach — Part I (2003)

preparation has been optimized through the past decade by advances in rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instrumentation.1 The improved canal architecture produced by these instruments in conjunction with enhanced thermosoftened obturation techniques has demonstrably increased the predictability of endodontic success. However; regardless of the iterations in file design, the myriad complexity of root canal system morphology makes it is increasingly apparent that the “one system fits all” paradigm is no longer applicable.