gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact, analytic temperature distributions of pin fins with constant thermal conductivity and power‐law type heat transfer coefficient (2017)

Abstract In this Technical Note, the problem of determining the temperature distribution in a pin fin with power‐law heat transfer coefficients is addressed. It is demonstrated that the governing fin equation, a nonlinear second‐order differential equation, is exactly solvable for the entire range of the exponent n in the power‐law heat transfer coefficients. The exact, closed‐form analytical solutions in implicit form are convenient for physical interpretation and optimization for maximum heat transfer. Furthermore, it is proved that the exact solutions have three different structures: (1) dual in the range of , (2) unique or dual in the range of , and (3) unique in the range of . Additionally, exact analytical expressions for the fin efficiency and the fin effectiveness are provided, both as a function of the dimensionless fin parameter for the gamma of n under study.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Purine 2′,3′-Dideoxy-2′,3′-Difluoro-D-Arabinofuranosyl Nucleosides (2009)

9-(2',3'-Dideoxy-2',3'-difluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (20), 2-chloro-9-(2',3'-dideoxy-2,3-difluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (22), as well as their respective alpha-anomers 21 and 23, were synthesized by the nucleobase anion glycosylation of intermediate 5-O-benzoyl-2,3-dideoxy-2,3-difluoro-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide (13) starting from methyl 5-O-benzyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranoside (3) and methyl 5-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-xylofuranoside (10). These compounds were evaluated as potential inhibitors of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus in human PBM and Huh-7 Replicon cells, respectively. The adenosine analog 20 demonstrated potent activity against HIV-1 in primary human lymphocytes with no apparent cytotoxicity. Conformation of pentofuranose ring of nucleoside 20 in solution was studied by PSEUROT calculations.
Probing the Active Site of l-Aspartate Oxidase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis: Role of Basic Residues in Fumarate Reduction (2001)

L-Aspartate oxidase is a very particular oxidase which behaves as a fumarate reductase in anaerobic conditions. Its primary and tertiary structures present remarkable similarity with the soluble fumarate reductase (FRD) from Shewanella frigidimarina and the flavin subunit of the membrane-bound fumarate reductase from Escherichia coli and Wolinella succinogenes. This and other extensive similarities are consistent with the idea that a common catalytic mechanism for the reduction of fumarate operates for all members of this enzyme group and that the key residues involved in the substrate binding and catalysis are conserved. This manuscript reports information about the role of these basic residues in L-aspartate oxidase: R290, R386, H244, and H351. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, R290 and R386 are mutated to Leu and H351 and H244 are mutated both to Ala and Ser. H351, H244, and R386 mutants bind substrate analogues with higher dissociation constants and present lower k(cat)/K(m) values in the reduction of fumarate. Therefore, the results indicate that R386, H244, and H351 are important for the binding of the substrate fumarate and may play an important but not essential role in catalysis. R290, on the contrary, is mainly involved in catalysis and not in substrate binding since its mutation abolishes the catalytic activity without lowering the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate. The redox properties of all the mutants are identical to the wild-type. The findings are consistent with a model of L-aspartate oxidase active site based on the hypothesis proposed for the soluble FRD from S. fridimarina.
Properties of the Plastidial Acyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein): Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase from the Chilling-Sensitive Plant Squash (<italic>Cucurbita moschata</italic>) (1987)

To determine whether the plastidial acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from chilling-sensitive plants exhibits fatty acid selectivities different from those of resistant plants, we characterized this enzymic activity from the chilling-sensitive plant Cucurbita moschata. In squash cotyledons, the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AT) occurred as three isomeric forms: one with an isoelectric point at pH 6.6 (ATI) and two at about pH 5.5 (AT2 and AT3). These isomers had approximately equal total activities in plastids. All three forms specifically directed acyl groups to the C-l position of glycerol-3-phosphate. However, ATI differed from the two other isomeric forms on the basis of kinetic data determined with different acyl-ACPs as substrates. These kinetic differences were reflected in the different fatty acid selectivities of the acyltransferases. ATI preferably utilized oleoyl groups in comparison to palmitoyl and stearoyl groups while AT2 and AT3 hardly discriminated between the acyl-ACP thioesters. However, the observed selectivity of ATI was significantly reduced by increasing the pH of the reaction mixture from 7.4 to 8.0, which is the stroma pH of illuminated chloroplasts. Consequently, the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases from squash cotyledons could account for the high proportion of saturated acyl groups found at the C-l position of the plastidial phosphatidylglycerol from this plant.
Next-Generation Digital High-Bandwidth Spectroscopy Sensor Systems (2007)

A key barrier to the forward progress of modern fluorescence sensor systems is their relatively large and bulky nature. As inexpensive digital signal processors (DSPs) and as solid state components, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes (PDs), become available this will foster an environment that will continue to allow a paradigm shift in which digital systems replace analog ones, thus reducing many costs and improving performance (including reduced power). The goal of this activity is to provide contributions to the emerging field of high bandwidth fluorescence sensor systems for in situ monitoring and analysis. While this area is rapidly expanding in scope, this paper will provide basic research in high bandwidth all-digital sensor front-ends, which forms the interface between the "real-world" and the computational intelligence of the sensor system. The expected outcomes are: fundamental research that will provide new insight into the architecture and quantization problems of this front-end, thus providing reduced weight, power consumption, and computing resource utilization.
Impact of local lattice distortions on the structural stability of Fe-Pd magnetic shape-memory alloys (2011)

The binding surface of Fe-rich Fe-Pd alloys is explored by means of first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory involving unconstrained optimization of the atomic positions within a 108-atom supercell. We find that static displacements arising from geometric optimization provide an important contribution to the total energy, effectively compensating favorable contributions gained from introducing L${1}_{2}$ order in stoichiometric Fe${}_{3}$Pd. In the concentration range for magnetic shape-memory applications, the energy profile with respect to tetragonal distortion is altered qualitatively, shifting the ground state of the intermixed disordered system from face-centered cubic (fcc) to body-centered tetragonal (bct). From the radial pair distribution function and electronic density of states obtained from a 500-atom supercell calculation we identify the origin of the displacements. These arise from the size-dependent relaxations of the larger Pd atoms, on the fcc side in combination with a Jahn-Teller-like rearrangement of Fe $d$ states at the Fermi level.
GPR30 signaling to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predict survival in ovarian cancer. (2019)

e17041 Background: G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is a 7-transmembrane estrogen receptor that functions alongside traditional estrogen receptors to regulate the cellular responses to estrogen. Recent studies suggest that the high expression of GPR30 is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer or endometrial cancer. Although the role of GPR30 in ovarian cancer was unclear, we revealed that GPR30 is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. On the other hand, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is involved in cancer metastasis. The purpose of this study is to reveal how GPR30 was associated with poor prognosis and whether associated with EMT in ovarian cancer. Methods: We examined whether GPR30 signaling activates the EGFR-Akt pathway in an ovarian cancer cell line (Caov-3) by a Western blotting analysis. We also examined the effect of GPR30 on EMT were evaluated in Caov-3, which were cultured both in two-dimensional (2D) culture and three-dimensional (3D) culture model. GPR30 agonist, G1, was used to confirm the regulatory effects of GPR30 on the change of phenotypic modulation and EMT markers expression. Results: The phosphorylation of the EGFR and Akt could be significantly enhanced by G1 (p &lt; 0.05) and inhibited by a Src family kinase inhibitor. In 3D culture, the stimulation of GPR30 leads the floating and sphere formation in Caov-3. G1-induced EMT was observed with related regulation of EMT markers expression at both mRNA and protein level. G1 induced the decrease of E-cadherin level and the increase of Snail and Vimentin in RT-PCR and Western blotting. Knockdown of GPR30, using siRNA, blocked G1-induced EMT. Conclusions: GPR30 increases the phosphorylation of Akt via the EGFR in ovarian cancer cells and changes ovarian cancer cells to the EMT state.GPR30 might be an important molecule related to metastasis process in ovarian cancer.
Low temperature operation of graded-channel SOI nMOSFETs for analog applications (2002)

We present in this work is an analysis of die low temperature operation of Graded-Channel fully-depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) nMOSFETs for analog applications. This analysis is supported by a comparison between the results obtained by MEDICI numerical bidimensional simulations and measurements. The Graded-Channel transistor presents higher Early voltage and transconductance at 100 K if compared to the conventional fully-depleted SOI nMOSFET.
Diagnosis and treatment of the cracked tooth. (1997)

This review paper discusses the recognised factors which predispose to cracked-tooth syndrome. In addition, common presenting symptoms and the various methods to aid clinical diagnosis of this problem are examined. The incidence of the condition is reported and the prognosis of the various forms of fracture, as suggested by clinical presentation, are outlined with reference to the available literature. Benefits and relative demerits of traditional and more modern treatment options are presented and recommendations made for future research.
A novel EI-GC/MS method for the accurate quantification of anti-aging compound oleoylethanolamine inC. elegans (2018)

A novel GC-MS method for the quantification of oleoylethanolamine in<italic>C. elegans</italic>.
Remarkable Functional Aspects of Myoglobin Induced by Diazaheme Prosthetic Group (1997)

The iron complex of beta,delta-diazamesoporphyrin III, a molecular hybrid of porphyrin and phthalocyanine, was incorporated into apomyoglobin to investigate novel biological aspects of myoglobin. The reconstituted ferric protein forms an internal hemichrome with the iron-bound distal histidine. The reduced ferrous protein has extraordinarily high affinities for O2 and CO. The ferrous myoglobin is capable of strong binding with pyridine, imidazole, cyanide, and azide, and reacts moderately with ammonia. The NO complex exhibited 5-coordinate to 6-coordinate transition over 150 min. The instability of 5-coordinate NO heme is consistent with a high affinity of imidazole to the ferrous heme. The kinetic analyses of the ferrous derivatives suggest the importance of the pi orbitals in neutral ligands as well as the negative charges in anionic ligands. A high affinity of imidazole to ferrous diazaheme accounts for the internal hemochrome formation in ferrous myoglobin containing phthalocyanines.
Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Greek Plants. A Novel Depigmenting Agent from Morus alba Wood (2017)

In therapeutic interventions associated with melanin hyperpigmentation, tyrosinase is regarded as a target enzyme as it catalyzes the rate-limiting steps in mammalian melanogenesis. Since many known agents have been proven to be toxic, there has been increasing impetus to identify alternative tyrosinase inhibitors, especially from natural sources. In this study, we investigated 900 extracts from Greek plants for potential tyrosinase inhibitive properties. Among the five most potent extracts, the methanol extract of Morus alba wood (MAM) demonstrated a significant reduction in intracellular tyrosinase and melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the acquisition of twelve compounds: oxyresveratrol (1), kuwanon C (2), mulberroside A (3), resorcinol (4), dihydrooxyresveratol (5), trans-dihydromorin (6), 2,4,3'-trihydroxydihydrostilbene (7), kuwanon H (8), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (9), morusin (10), moracin M (11) and kuwanon G (12). Among these, 2,4,3'-trihydroxydihydrostilbene (7) is isolated for the first time from Morus alba and constitutes a novel potent tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50 0.8 ± 0.15). We report here for the first time dihydrooxyresveratrol (5) as a potent natural tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50 0.3 ± 0.05). Computational docking analysis indicated the binding modes of six tyrosinase inhibitors with the aminoacids of the active centre of tyrosinase. Finally, we found both MAM extract and compounds 1, 6 and 7 to significantly suppress in vivo melanogenesis during zebrafish embryogenesis.
<title>NGST integrated science instrument module (ISIM)</title> (2000)

A brief overview of the Next Generation Space Telescope science instrument module is given, development plans for engineering design, enabling technologies, and science instruments are discussed. Up-coming schedule milestones of community interest are also presented.
Effect of Method of Delivery of Propylene Glycol on Plasma Metabolites of Feed-Restricted Cattle (1997)

Methods of administering propylene glycol to reduce plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) during feed restriction of cattle were evaluated. Treatments were 1) no propylene glycol supplementation, 2) propylene glycol provided as an oral drench once per day, 3) propylene glycol mixed with concentrate and fed separately from forage, or 4) propylene glycol blended as part of the total mixed ration (TMR). Prior to or during feed restriction at 50% of ad libitum intake, propylene glycol was provided once daily at 2.5 ml/kg of body weight. Prior to feed restriction, administration of propylene glycol as an oral drench or mixed with concentrate was more effective in increasing serum insulin than was feeding propylene glycol as part of the TMR. During feed restriction, administration of propylene glycol as an oral drench or mixed with concentrate resulted in higher serum insulin and lower plasma NEFA concentrations than did feeding propylene glycol as part of the TMR. Propylene glycol decreased the molar percentage of ruminal acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate. Propylene glycol administered as an oral drench or mixed with concentrate and fed separately from forage appeared to be more effective than feeding propylene glycol as part of the TMR for influencing plasma NEFA in cattle during feed restriction.
Analysis of Strip Footings on Fiber-Reinforced Slopes with the Aid of Particle Image Velocimetry (2016)

This paper provides results of a comprehensive investigation into the use of waste carpet fibers for reinforcement of clay soil slopes. The interaction between laboratory scale model slopes made of fiber-reinforced clay soil and surface strip footing load was examined. Results for the influence of two variables, namely fiber content and distance between the footing edge and the crest of the slope, are presented and discussed. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to study the deformation of the slope under the surface loading. The front side of the tank was made of a thick Perspex glass to facilitate taking accurate images during the loading stage. To study the stress induced in the slope under footing pressure, excess pore-water pressure and total stress increase were measured at predetermined locations within the slope. The results showed that fiber reinforcement increased the bearing resistance of the model slope significantly. For instance, inclusion of 5% waste carpet fiber increased the bearing pressure by 145% at a 10% settlement ratio.
Modeling and Analysis of Opportunistic Routing in Low Traffic Scenarios (2005)

Opportunistic routing protocols have been proposed as efficient methods to exploit the high node densities in sensor networks to mitigate the effect of varying channel conditions and non-availability of nodes that power down periodically. They work by integrating the network and data link layers so that they can take a joint decision as to the next hop forwarding node based on its availability and suitability as a forwarder. This cross-layer integration makes it harder to optimize the protocol due to the dependencies among the different components of the protocol stack. In this paper, we provide a framework to model opportunistic routing that breaks up the functionality into three separate components and simplifies analysis. The framework is used to model two variants of opportunistic routing and is shown to match well with simulation results. In addition, using the model for performance analysis yields important guidelines for the future design of such protocols.
Hand Tremor Analysis Using Rigid Body Manipulation in a Dynamic Virtual Haptic Environment (2013)

We have developed a dynamic virtual haptic environment consisting of a rigid body for analysing hand tremors. The subject performs the task of moving an object along a designated path from one location to another in a virtual 3D environment using a haptic device. The velocity of the hand motion is collected by the haptic device during the task. This velocity data is later processed for tremor analysis. We further explore the effect of mass of the object in the virtual environment on tremor frequency and amplitude.
Characterization andin vitrodegradation of salicylate-derived poly(anhydride-ester microspheres) (2006)

The aim of this study was to investigate how glass transition temperature (Tg) influenced polymer microsphere formation and degradation of three chemically, similar novel salicylatebased poly(anhydride-esters): poly[1,6-bis(o-carboxyphenoxy)hexanoate] (CPH), Tg = 59 degrees C; poly[1,8-bis(o-carboxyphenoxy)octanoate] (CPO), Tg = 30 degrees C; and poly[1,10-bis(ocarboxyphenoxy) decanoate] (CPD), Tg = 27 degrees C. Microspheres of these polymers were prepared using a modified oil-in-water solvent evaporation method and processed by either resuspension or washed by centrifugation. The morphology of the microspheres determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that an extra washing step appears to increase aggregation as the Tg decreases; whereas only limited aggregation occurred in the polymer with the lowest Tg, CPD, in those not washed by centrifugation. Residual polyvinyl alcohol apparently affected the drug release rates from the microspheres by a stabilization process that produced an 8 h lag time and a 5% decrease in the amount of drug released over a 7 day period compared to microspheres washed free of PVA. These results demonstrate that salicylate-based poly(anhydride-esters) with sufficiently high Tgs, can be processed into microspheres that release salicylate over a time period amenable for drug delivery applications.
Fluoroamino Acid Containing Analogues of Folic Acid and Methotrexate (1996)

Various fluorinated analogues of folic acid and methotrexate have been synthesized from fluorine-containing glutamic acids, ornithine, and dipeptides. These analogues were evaluated as substrates or inhibitors of three folate-dependent enzymes, folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), γ-glutamyl hydrolase (γ-GH) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and also for their effects on intact mammalian cells; e.g., transport and cytotoxicity. The most marked effects of fluorine substitution were observed with FPGS and γ-GH which catalyze the ligation or hydrolysis of glutamyl moieties, respectively.
<p>Self-Administered Mepolizumab in the Management of Severe Asthma: Usability and Patient Acceptance</p> (2020)

The increasing use of advanced biologic therapies for patients with severe asthma is transforming the standard of care, clinic workflow, and the clinic business model. Expanded patient access to at-home injection treatment possibilities with some biologics has the potential to improve patient adherence and outcomes. Simultaneously, transition to the home setting can address the escalating costs that limit access for certain patients and healthcare facilities. Such moves come with recognized risks. Garnering input from physicians and other healthcare specialists as well as scrutinizing best practice position statements are vital to implementing truly patient-safe and cost-effective strategies in medicine. Mepolizumab is the first anti-IL-5 inhibitor to receive FDA approval in late 2015. We focus on this injectable medication and discuss the specific indications and contraindications for transitioning patients to at-home injection with mepolizumab. In doing so, we review our recent real-world experiences in the University of California, Davis and Loma Linda University severe asthma clinics, which can provide the foundation for building a comprehensive clinic and home-based biologics asthma program. In addition, we offer insight into the barriers to implementing a successful program and strategies for overcoming them.
Multi Fault Laser Attacks on Protected CRT-RSA (2010)

Since the first publication of a successful practical two-fault attack on protected CRT-RSA surprisingly little attention was given by the research community to an ensuing new challenge. The reason for it seems to be two-fold. One is that generic higher order fault attacks are very difficult to model and thus finding robust countermeasures is also difficult. Another reason may be that the published experiment was carried out on an outdated 8 bit microcontroller and thus was not perceived as a serious threat to create a sense of urgency in addressing this new menace. In this paper we describe two-fault attacks on protected CRT-RSA implementations running on an advanced 32 bit ARM Cortex M3 core. To our knowledge, this is the first practical result of two fault laser attacks on a protected cryptographic application. Considering that laser attacks are much more accurate in targeting a particular variable, the significance of our result cannot be overlooked.
Emerging role for ERM proteins in cell adhesion and migration (2011)

The highly related ERM (Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) proteins provide a regulated linkage between the membrane and the underlying actin cytoskeleton. They also provide a platform for the transmission of signals in responses to extracellular cues. Studies in different model organisms and in cultured cells have highlighted the importance of ERM proteins in the generation and maintenance of specific domains of the plasma membrane. A central question is how do ERM proteins coordinate actin filament organization and membrane protein transport/stability with signal transduction pathways to build up complex structures? Through their interaction with numerous partners including membrane proteins, actin cytoskeleton and signaling molecules, ERM proteins have the ability to organize multiprotein complexes in specific cellular compartments. Likewise, ERM proteins participate in diverse functions including cell morphogenesis, endocytosis/exocytosis, adhesion and migration. This review focuses on aspects still poorly understood related to the function of ERM proteins in epithelial cell adhesion and migration.