gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of progestins on vascular endothelial growth factor, oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity and endothelial cell density in human endometrium (2000)

One common side-effect of contraceptive use is that it often leads to disrupted endometrial bleeding patterns. This may be due to changes in endothelial density and vessel integrity. To investigate whether the level of endometrial immunoreactive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oestrogen receptor or progesterone receptor (PR) have any role in this, women were treated with either Mircette, a monophasic oral contraceptive, or Implanon, a long-acting gestagen, and immunohistochemistry performed. In addition a small number of endometria were studied from women treated with levonorgestrel released from an intrauterine coil. During the untreated normal cycle, there was a significant increase in glandular VEGF immunoreactivity and a significant decrease in PR immunoreactivity in the midand late secretory phases compared to the proliferative phase. There was a significant positive correlation between stromal VEGF immunoreactivity and endothelial cell density. This correlation was also apparent during treatment with Implanon, but not with Mircette. Disrupted bleeding patterns were associated with Implanon and to a lesser extent with Mircette. Both contraceptives significantly reduced glandular VEGF immunoreactivity but the intrauterine treatment with levonorgestrel resulted in strong glandular epithelial staining and intense staining of decidualized stromal cells. Implanon significantly increased glandular PR staining, but Mircette significantly reduced stromal PR staining when compared to secretory phase before-treatment biopsies. There were no changes in endothelial cell density or glandular or stromal ER during the normal cycle, or with use of either contraceptive. There was no association of the parameters measured with bleeding patterns or histological category.
Attitudes and behavioural factors relating to toothbrushing and the use of fluoride toothpaste among caries-active Swedish adolescents – a questionnaire study (2017)

Attitudes and behaviour relating to fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing habits among caries-active Swedish adolescents are still inadequate after two years of toothpaste intervention. There are several areas where improvements can be made, such as frequency of brushing, brushing time, amount of toothpaste and post-brushing procedures. The majority (81%) included 'fresh breath' as a reason for performing oral hygiene and this aspect can be used by dental staff in health promotion.
Biosensor for continuos glucose monitoring (1994)

A potentially implantable glucose biosensor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels in diabetic patients has been developed. The glucose biosensor is based on an amperometric oxygen electrode and glucose oxidase immobilized on carbon powder held in a form of a liquid suspension. The enzyme material can be replaced (the sensor recharged) without sensor disassembly. Recharging of the biosensor is achieved by injecting fresh immobilized enzyme into the sensor using a septum. Diffusion membranes made of silastic latex-rubber coatings over a microporous polycarbonate membrane are used. Calibration curves of the amperometric signal show linearity over a wide range of glucose concentrations-up to 500 mg/dL (28 mM), covering hypoglycemic, normoglycemic, and hyperglycemic conditions. Preliminary in vitro studies of the biosensor show stable performance during several recharge cycles (of 14 days each) over a period of 4 months. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loop Grafting between Similar Local Environments for Fc-Silent Antibodies (2020)

Reduction of the affinity of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region with immune receptors by substitution of one or a few amino acids, known as Fc-silencing, is an established approach to reduce the immune effector functions of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. This approach to Fc-silencing, however, is problematic as it can lead to instability and immunogenicity of the developed antibodies. We evaluated loop grafting as a novel approach to Fc-silencing in which the Fc loops responsible for immune receptor binding were replaced by loops of up to 20 amino acids from similar local environments in other human and mouse antibodies. Molecular dynamics simulations of the designed variants of an Fc region in a complex with the immune receptor FcγIIIa confirmed that loop grafting potentially leads to a significant reduction in the binding of the antibody variants to the receptor, while retaining their stability. In comparison, standard variants with less than eight substituted amino acids showed possible instability and a lower degree of Fc-silencing due to the occurrence of compensatory interactions. The presented approach to Fc-silencing is general and could be used to modulate undesirable side effects of other antibody therapeutics without affecting their stability or increasing their immunogenicity.
Anatomy of the human cochlea – implications for cochlear implantation (2011)

Since the classical description by Retzius in 1884, many extensive studies of the micro-anatomy of the human cochlea have been presented. The human cochlea is one of the most difficult tissues to study due to the bony capsule and its delicate contents. Most preparations suffer from post-mortem changes caused by the delay between demise and fixation. For over a decade, we have analyzed human inner-ear tissue obtained at surgery using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro culture, and immunohistochemistry. These studies show the value of these techniques for fine structural and molecular analyses. Modern cochlear implant surgery requires that ear surgeons are familiar with the intricate anatomy of the human cochlea and its variations. The classical technique to insert electrode arrays through a drilled cochleostomy has been abandoned by some surgeons today. Instead a round-window approach can be used as originally implemented by William House for short electrodes. This so-called 'hook' region of the cochlea presents extensive anatomical variations that can be difficult to foresee on pre-operative computed tomography. CI depends on the functional status of remaining spiral ganglion neurons. These cells are more or less preserved in CI patients but how the conservation influences the outcome of CI is debatable. Notwithstanding their preservation is crucial and more information should be attained about their deterioration and how it can be prevented. Better understanding of structure, function, and regenerative capability is needed to comprehend the nature of electrical stimulation of the peripheral and central nervous system to improve the design of future implant systems.
Integrated molecular and bioprocess engineering for bacterially produced immunogenic modular virus‐like particle vaccine displaying 18 kDa rotavirus antigen (2016)

A high global burden of rotavirus disease and the unresolved challenges with the marketed rotavirus vaccines, particularly in the developing world, have ignited efforts to develop virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines for rotavirus. While rotavirus-like particles comprising multiple viral proteins can be difficult to process, modular VLPs presenting rotavirus antigenic modules are promising alternatives in reducing process complexity and cost. In this study, integrated molecular and bioprocess engineering approaches were used to simplify the production of modular murine polyomavirus capsomeres and VLPs presenting a rotavirus 18 kDa VP8* antigen. A single construct was generated for dual expression of non-tagged murine polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 and modular VP1 inserted with VP8*, for co-expression in Escherichia coli. Co-expressed proteins assembled into pentameric capsomeres in E. coli. A selective salting-out precipitation and a polishing size exclusion chromatography step allowed the recovery of stable modular capsomeres from cell lysates at high purity, and modular capsomeres were successfully translated into modular VLPs when assembled in vitro. Immunogenicity study in mice showed that modular capsomeres and VLPs induced high levels of VP8*-specific antibodies. Our results demonstrate that a multipronged synthetic biology approach combining molecular and bioprocess engineering enabled simple and low-cost production of highly immunogenic modular capsomeres and VLPs presenting conformational VP8* antigenic modules. This strategy potentially provides a cost-effective production route for modular capsomere and VLP vaccines against rotavirus, highly suitable to manufacturing economics for the developing world. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 397-406. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resonant-gravimetric particle sensors with air-filtering cantilever fabricated in low-cost non-SOI silicon (2018)

This paper reports a novel resonant-gravimetric micro-cantilever for detecting air particles (e.g. PM2.5), which is single-sided fabricated in low-cost non-SOI wafers. To filter the particle with desired size, a row of barrier bars is integrated in an air-flow micro-channel which is embedded in the cantilever. After air flow with particles is pumped into the channel, the particles with concerned diameter can be trapped by the barrier bars at the cantilever free-end. Due to the high mass sensitivity, the blocked particles with slight mass can result in a detectable resonant frequency shift. To recover the sensor, the direction of the air flow can be reversed to blow off the trapped particles. By tuning the mesh-density of the barrier bars, the diameter of trapped particles can be customizable, which promises a great potential of this technique in different air pollution analysis and monitoring applications.
Use of Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic Sounding for Sub-Basalt Exploration (1999)

Abstract There are numerous regions in the world where the presence of shallow high velocity layers makes the imaging of deeper structure using conventional seismic reflection techniques a difficult task.
SU‐F‐BRB‐13: Correlation of Improved Target and Organ‐At‐Risk Dosimetric Quantities and Clinical Outcomes for Helical Tomotherapy Treated Mesothelioma (2015)

Purpose: We have observed improved local control probability (LCP) for adjuvant mesothelioma radiotherapy following pleurectomy/decortication using Tomotherapy compared to the conventional 3D technique (p&lt;0.05). This work assesses the correlation between the improved clinical outcomes against dosimetry quantities. Methods: Thirty‐eight mesothelioma cases consecutively treated at our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Sixteen patients were treated using 3D technique planned on the Eclipse for c‐arm accelerators prior to 7/2012; the other 22 cases were treated on Tomotherapy using helical IMRT after 7/2012. Typical 3D plans consisting of 15 MV AP/PA photon fields prescribed to 10 cm depth followed by matching electron fields with energy ranging from 8–16 MeV. Tomotherapy plans were designed using 2.5cm jaw, 0.287 pitch with directional blocking of the contralateral lung. The same prescription of 45 Gy (1.8GyX25) was used for both techniques. The dosimetry metrics for the critical structures: ipsilateral‐/contralateral‐lung, heart, cord, esophagus, etc were compared between two techniques. Results: Superior LCP is closely associated with improved target coverage. Tomotherapy plans yielded dramatically better target coverage and less dose heterogeneity despite of more advanced/larger disease. The averaged PTV volumes were 2287.3±569.9 (Tomotherapy) vs. 1904.8±312.3cc (3D); V100s were: 91.1±4.0 (%) vs. 47.8±12.7 (%) with heterogeneity indices of 1.20±0.1 vs.1.37±0.38 and for the Tomotherapy and 3D plans, respectively. Compared to the 3D technique, we observed significant lower maximum cord doses (p&lt;0.001), lower mean esophagus doses (p&lt;0.002), and lower heart mean doses when tumor was left‐sided (p=0.002). For ipsilateral‐/contralateral‐lungs, however, the mean doses and V20, V5 of Tomotherapy plans were significantly higher than the 3D plans (p&lt;0.01) regardless which sides of lung were treated. However, rates of radiation pneumonitis were no different. Conclusion: Tomotherapy achieved great improvement of plan quality including target coverage, resulting in significantly better local control over the traditional 3D technique for adjuvant radiotherapy for mesothelioma.
Visual Monitoring of Driver and Passenger Control Panel Interactions (2016)

Advances in vehicular technology have resulted in more controls being incorporated into cabin designs. We present a system to determine which vehicle occupant is interacting with a control on the center console when it is activated, enabling the full use of dual-view touchscreens and the removal of duplicate controls. The proposed method relies on a background subtraction algorithm incorporating information from a superpixel segmentation stage. A manifold generated via the diffusion maps process handles the large variation in hand shapes, along with determining which part of the hand interacts with controls for a given gesture. We demonstrate superior results compared with other approaches on a challenging dataset.
Preparation of perfluoro-(1,2-dialkylcyclopentenes) and their photochemical isomerisation to perfluoro(1-alkenyl-1-alkylcyclopropanes) (1976)

Perfluoro-(1,2-dialkylcyclopentenes), conveniently prepared by the co-oligomerisation of a perfluoroalkene and perfluorocyclopentene, and photolysed in the liquid phase, undergo a 1,3-allylic shift to give the isomeric perfluoro-(1-alkenyl-1-alkylcyclopropanes) in high yield.
Magnetic structure of the antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice compounds CeRhAl4Si2 and CeIrAl4Si2 (2015)

We have investigated the magnetic ground state of the antiferromagnetic Kondo-lattice compounds CeMAl4Si2(M = Rh, Ir) using neutron powder diffraction. Although both of these compounds show two magnetic transitions T(N1) and T(N2) in the bulk properties measurements, evidence for magnetic long-range order was only found below the lower transition T(N2). Analysis of the diffraction profiles reveals a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with a propagation vector k = (0, 0, 1/2). The magnetic moment in the ordered state of CeRhAl4Si2 and CeIrAl4Si2 were determined to be 1.14(2) and 1.41(3) μ(B) Ce(-1), respectively, and are parallel to the crystallographic c-axis in agreement with magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Development of novel chemical reagents for reliable genetic analyses (2011)

High performance genetic analysis is an integration of various inter-correlated technologies. Of all the technologies, chemical reagents are indispensible for modifying DNA or RNA, yet the total performance of genetic analysis is sometimes limited by the insufficient capability of reagents. We have developed novel chemical reagents to increase accuracy and sensitivity in genetic analysis. We describe the development process from obtaining the original idea to marketing of the products and discuss important factors in the process.
Tumor Intrinsic Subtype Is Reflected in Cancer-Adjacent Tissue (2014)

Biomarkers derived from cancer-adjacent tissue may be helpful in defining personalized surgical strategies or in predicting recurrence risk.
The mouse tyrosinase promoter is sufficient for expression in melanocytes and in the pigmented epithelium of the retina. (1991)

The mouse c locus encodes tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase; monophenol, L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1), the key enzyme in melanin synthesis, which is expressed in the pigment epithelium of the retina and in melanocytes derived from the neural crest. To define regulatory regions of the gene that are important for cell type-specific expression, a deletion series of the tyrosinase 5' region was fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and electroporated into tyrosinase-expressing and -nonexpressing cell lines. We show that 270 base pairs 5' of the transcriptional start site is sufficient for CAT expression in a human and a mouse melanoma cell line. This 5' flanking fragment, when cloned in the context of a tyrosinase minigene construct and injected into fertilized eggs of an albino mouse strain, is sufficient for cell type-specific expression in mice. The transgenic mice were pigmented in both skin and eyes. In situ hybridization analysis shows that the 270-base-pair regulatory region contains elements sufficient for specific expression of the transgene both in the pigmented epithelial cells of the retina, which are derived from the optic cup, and in neural crest-derived melanocytes.
Rapid Brownian and Gravitational Coagulation (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Population Balance Equations Smoluchowski Solution for Brownian Coagulation Collision Frequency for Gravitational Aggregation Transition from Brownian to Gravitational Aggregation – Analytical Solution Transition from Brownian to Gravitational Aggregation – Numerical Solution Experimental Data Conclusion List of Symbols References
Transferrin Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Invasion: Implication in Cartilage Neovascularization (1997)

During endochondral bone formation, avascular cartilage differentiates to hypertrophic cartilage that then undergoes erosion and vascularization leading to bone deposition. Resting cartilage produces inhibitors of angiogenesis, shifting to production of angiogenic stimulators in hypertrophic cartilage. A major protein synthesized by hypertrophic cartilage both in vivo and in vitro is transferrin. Here we show that transferrin is a major angiogenic molecule released by hypertrophic cartilage. Endothelial cell migration and invasion is stimulated by transferrins from a number of different sources, including hypertrophic cartilage. Checkerboard analysis demonstrates that transferrin is a chemotactic and chemokinetic molecule. Chondrocyte-conditioned media show similar properties. Polyclonal anti-transferrin antibodies completely block endothelial cell migration and invasion induced by purified transferrin and inhibit the activity produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes by 50-70% as compared with controls. Function-blocking mAbs directed against the transferrin receptor similarly reduce the endothelial migratory response. Chondrocytes differentiating in the presence of serum produce transferrin, whereas those that differentiate in the absence of serum do not. Conditioned media from differentiated chondrocytes not producing transferrin have only 30% of the endothelial cell migratory activity of parallel cultures that synthesize transferrin. The angiogenic activity of transferrins was confirmed by in vivo assays on chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane, showing promotion of neovascularization by transferrins purified from different sources including conditioned culture medium. Based on the above results, we suggest that transferrin is a major angiogenic molecule produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral bone formation.
Arylnaphthalene Lignans from in Vitro Cultures of Linum austriacum (2001)

Callus, suspension, and normal and hairy root cultures of Linum austriacum produced a new arylnaphthalene lignan, 3,4-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-2,7'-cycloligna-7,7'-dieno-9,9'-lactone (1, 0.03-0.73% dry wt), together with justicidin B (2, 0.18-1.69% dry wt). The structure of 1 was established using spectroscopic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Transfers of Hydride from Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds. Thermolysis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole. (1988)

Abstract The title compound (III) is prepared by cyclocondensation reaction of the diamine (I) with salicylaldehyde (II).
An evaluation of a submerged glass method of estimating production of attached algae (1961)

SummaryAlthough there are several limitations to the method so briefly described, it can probably be applied successfully to a large number of water types. Its greatest usefulness is in demonstrating the major seasonal changes in production, though the values obtained are more relative than absolute. The present type of species analysis is practical only where diatoms predominate. The over-all method could be of more value if combined with short-term tests using oxygen evolution or labeled carbon fixation. Simultaneous studies of phytoplankton production would be of interest. Such comparisons may show a parallelism of production curves. Certainly the attached algae should not be ignored in primary production studies, particularly not in small and shallow bodies of water where their contribution to total production may be great.
Estimating 4D‐CBCT from prior information and extremely limited angle projections using structural PCA and weighted free‐form deformation for lung radiotherapy (2017)

Compared to the GMM-FD technique, the SMM-WFD technique can substantially improve the 4D-CBCT estimation accuracy using extremely small scan angles and low number of projections to provide fast low dose 4D target verification.
A Fully Inkjet-Printed Wireless and Chipless Sensor for CO2and Temperature Detection (2014)

A study on a low-cost wireless fully inkjet-printed chipless sensor on a flexible laminate with three different inks is presented. It is based on two split ring resonator 90° oriented between each other to allow for independent responses on two polarizations. A deposit of a polymer/single walled carbon nanotube composite ink is used to allow for the detection of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as well as temperature. In this paper, it is shown that the inkjet printing of a polymer-based coating on top of the sensing/reactive deposit can significantly reduce the sensitivity to CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , whereas the temperature sensitivity stays at same. Simulations and experimental results verify the repeatability of this topology.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF N6,N6‐DIALKYL‐2′,3′,5′‐TRI‐O‐ACYLADENOSINES WITH RUTHENIUM TETROXIDE AND A NOVEL SELECTIVE N‐MONODEALKYLATION SEQUENCE (1980)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Rutheniumtetroxid werden die Adenosin‐Derivate (I) zu entsprechenden Acyl‐Verbindungen (II) oxidiert, die dann mit Ammoniak zu den sekundären Aminen (III) verseift werden.
Mapping Antigenic Motifs in the Trypomastigote Small Surface Antigen from Trypanosoma cruzi (2015)

The trypomastigote small surface antigen (TSSA) is a mucin-like molecule from Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, which displays amino acid polymorphisms in parasite isolates. TSSA expression is restricted to the surface of infective cell-derived trypomastigotes, where it functions as an adhesin and engages surface receptors on the host cell as a prerequisite for parasite internalization. Previous results have established TSSA-CL, the isoform encoded by the CL Brener clone, as an appealing candidate for use in serology-based diagnostics for Chagas disease. Here, we used a combination of peptide- and recombinant protein-based tools to map the antigenic structure of TSSA-CL at maximal resolution. Our results indicate the presence of different partially overlapping B-cell epitopes clustering in the central portion of TSSA-CL, which contains most of the polymorphisms found in parasite isolates. Based on these results, we assessed the serodiagnostic performance of a 21-amino-acid-long peptide that spans TSSA-CL major antigenic determinants, which was similar to the performance of the previously validated glutathione S-transferase (GST)-TSSA-CL fusion molecule. Furthermore, the tools developed for the antigenic characterization of the TSSA antigen were also used to explore other potential diagnostic applications of the anti-TSSA humoral response in Chagasic patients. Overall, our present results provide additional insights into the antigenic structure of TSSA-CL and support this molecule as an excellent target for molecular intervention in Chagas disease.