gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Stimulation at the Wrist in Post-Stroke Hemiplegia (1998)

assessed by a stroke physician. Their carofid arteries were Investigated using ootour Doppter imaging by a oonsutlant neuraradWogteL Patients with primary intraoerebra 1 haemorrhage, total anterior drcutation strokes, posterior circula&on strokes or posterior circulation TIAs were excluded because carotid surgery would be inappropriate. Rnutts 726 patients were used h the analysis, Stepwfee logtefc regression demonstrated hat there were significant positive associations between severe carotid dfioosis and an IpsrlatBra) bruft, diabetes me&tus, and previous TIAs; and a negative a6sooiaSon with lacunar events. The sfrategy with the highest specrfcrty (97%) was 'any three of these lour features' but sensitivity was only 17V Tne sira^wSi the hkjhest sensitivity (m) was to use'one w more of the four features', but specificity was orty 22%.
Angiotensin II stimulates DNA and protein synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells from human arteries (1999)

Ang II stimulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy in vascular smooth muscle cells from human arteries. These growth effects are mediated via Ang II receptors of the AT1 subtype that are linked to ERK-dependent signaling pathways.
One-pot self-assembly of mesostructured silica films and membranes functionalised with fullerene derivativesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: selected analytical data of 2 and 3. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b4/b401916d/ (2004)

Three fullerene derivatives have been employed with amphiphilic block copolymers both as structure-directing agents and doping molecules in one-pot synthesis of self-assembled 2D-hexagonal and cubic porous silica mesostructures, in the form of bulk materials, thick cast films and thin films through an evaporation-induced self-assembling procedure. Thermal calcination of the samples at 280 °C almost completely removed the block copolymer from the silica matrix without substantial loss of the fullerene additive, as demonstrated by FT-Raman spectra in which a clear signature of the fullerene Ag mode at 1467 cm−1 was still clearly observed. Upon irradiation with laser light at 632.8 nm, the fullerene-doped mesostructured materials exhibited photoluminescence at room temperature, which was not observed in the silica matrix.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) and the Response of Cells to Ionizing Radiation (1985)

The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is stimulated by DNA damage resulting from treatment of cells with ionizing radiation, as well as with DNA-damaging chemicals. The elevated polymerase activity can be observed at doses lower than those necessary for measurable reduction in cellular NAD concentration (less than 20 Gy). Several nuclear proteins, including the polymerase itself, are poly(ADP-ribosylated) at elevated levels in irradiated Chinese hamster cells. The addition of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to irradiated cells has been found to sensitize the cells to the lethal effects of the radiation, to inhibit the repair of potentially lethal damage, and to delay DNA strand break rejoining. Because of the nonspecificity of the inhibitors, however, it is as yet unknown whether their effects are directly related to the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, to interference with the poly(ADP-ribosylation) of one or more chromosomal proteins, or to effects unrelated to the poly(ADP-ribosylation) process. The data are consistent with the involvement of poly(ADP-ribose) in the repair of radiation damage, but the nature of this involvement remains to be elucidated.
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus: reduced pathogenicity in a rare natural segment-B-reassorted isolate (2005)

The purpose of this study was to compare the molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) segments A and B of 50 natural or vaccine IBDV strains that were isolated or produced between 1972 and 2002 in 17 countries from four continents, with phenotypes ranging from attenuated to very virulent (vv). These strains were subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of genome segments A and B. Although there is co-evolution of the two genome segments (70 % of strains kept the same genetic relatives in the segment A- and B-defined consensus trees), several strains (26 %) were identified with the incongruence length difference test as exhibiting a significantly different phylogenetic relationship depending on which segment was analysed. This suggested that natural reassortment could have occurred. One of the possible naturally occurring reassortant strains, which exhibited a segment A related to the vvIBDV cluster whereas its segment B was not, was thoroughly sequenced (coding sequence of both segments) and submitted to a standardized experimental characterization of its acute pathogenicity. This strain induced significantly less mortality than typical vvIBDVs; however, the mechanisms for this reduced pathogenicity remain unknown, as no significant difference in the bursal lesions, post-infectious antibody response or virus production in the bursa was observed in challenged chickens.
Seed Galactomannans: An Overview (2005)

Seed galactomannans are vegetable, heterogeneous polysaccharides widely distributed in nature. Generally, they possess (1-->4)-linked D-mannopyranose (Man) main chains to which are attached (1-->6)-linked D-galactopyranosyl (Gal) units. The Man/Gal ratios differ from gum to gum, resulting in a change in structure, which, in turn, determines the various industrial applications of seed galactomannans. These materials are important in paper, textile, petroleum-drilling, pharmaceutics, food, cosmaceutics, and explosives industries. In this review, the biodiversified applicability of galactomannan gums is discussed, particularly with respect to structural aspects, properties, human consumption, and technical applications. Especially important is that the solution properties (rheological behaviour, viscosity, emulsifying tendency, etc.) of natural and chemically modified galactomannans can be tuned by interaction with other (carbohydrate-based) monomers or polymers.
Solar Energy Development Assistance for Fort Hunter Liggett (2011)

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory provided assistance to Fort Hunter Liggett to determine the opportunities for solar energy development on the site. Increasing use of renewable energy is mandated by several executive orders and legislation. Fort Hunter Liggett has many attributes that enhance its suitability for renewable energy development. First, the site is located south of San Francisco in a remote portion of the costal foothills. Brush and forest fires are frequent and often result in power outages, which subsequently impacts the site’s training mission. In addition, the site’s blended electric rate during fiscal year (FY) 2010 was high at 12 ¢/kWh. Lastly, the solar resource is moderately high; the site receives nearly 5.7 kWh/m2/day on a south facing, latitude-tilted surface. In light of these factors, the site is a clear candidate for a solar photovoltaic array. Prior to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s (PNNL) involvement, the site secured funding for a 1 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic (PV) array that will also provide shading for site vehicles. To best implement this project, PNNL conducted a site visit and was tasked with providing the site technical guidance and support regarding module selection, array siting, and other ancillary issues.
A Way to Design an OFDMA Base Station Receiver Disturbed by a Narrowband Interfering Cognitive Radio Signal (2015)

International audience
I. Computation of Bell Profiles Using Structural Optimization (1987)

This article describes the design of the profile for a major-third bell using structural optimization strategies. First a sequential linear programming method was used to find a prototype of the bell. The necessary analyses were done using the finite element method. Next, a fast analysis model was derived by numerical experimental design techniques. This analysis model led to the final geometry of the major-third bell.
Population Genetic and Evolutionary Approaches to Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates Belonging to the ET-5 Complex (1999)

Periodically, new disease-associated variants of the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis arise. These meningococci diversify during spread, and related isolates recovered from different parts of the world have different genetic and antigenic characteristics. An example is the ET-5 complex, members of which were isolated globally from the mid-1970s onwards. Isolates from a hyperendemic outbreak of meningococcal disease in Worcester, England, during the late 1980s were characterized by multilocus sequence typing and sequence determination of antigen genes. These data established that the Worcester outbreak was caused by ET-5 complex meningococci which were not closely related to the ET-5 complex bacteria responsible for a hyperendemic outbreak in the nearby town of Stroud during the years preceding the Worcester outbreak. A comparison with other ET-5 complex meningococci established that there were at least three distinct globally distributed subpopulations within the ET-5 complex, characterized by particular housekeeping and antigen gene alleles. The Worcester isolates belonged to one of these subpopulations, the Stroud isolates belonged to another, and at least one representative of the third subpopulation identified in this work was isolated elsewhere in the United Kingdom. The sequence data demonstrated that ET-5 variants have arisen by multiple complex pathways involving the recombination of antigen and housekeeping genes and de novo mutation of antigen genes. The data further suggest that either the ET-5 complex has been in existence for many years, evolving and spreading relatively slowly until its disease-causing potential was recognized, or it has evolved and spread rapidly since its first identification in the 1970s, with each of the subpopulations attaining a distribution spanning several continents.
A new method for robot control in singular configurations with motion in any Cartesian direction (2002)

A Cartesian control law usually requires the inversion of the Jacobian matrix. In singular configurations, motions along particular directions (degenerate directions) seem to be infeasible. In this paper, the constraints that the reference trajectory must satisfy to be correctly tracked are studied for different types of singularities. For an external singularity, no constraint exists on the path, so a motion along a degenerate direction is possible. For an internal singularity the constraints on the trajectory are stronger, so the tangent to the path at the singular point can not be arbitrary. Then, a method is proposed for computing the control input to obtain a perfect tracking of a given reference trajectory satisfying the constraints described above.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biological effects of stored platelet-rich plasma eye-drops in corneal wound healing (2022)

PRP eye-drops stored at 4°C for 4 weeks promoted corneal epithelial wound healing with higher levels of growth factors than those observed in AS eye-drops, while maintaining sterility, suggesting that this preparation satisfies the unmet medical needs in the treatment of refractory keratoconjunctival epithelial disorders.
Root cause analysis based maintenance policy (2007)

Purpose The paper seeks to ease the implementation of predictive maintenance policy in industry using the root cause analysis technique, and to compare the reliability and cost effectiveness of root cause based maintenance (RCBM) relative to conventional corrective maintenance (CM). Design/methodology/approach The system is modularized into its components and maintenance schedules are developed based on each component's individual degradation trends. The effectiveness of RCBM over CM is studied by analyzing system reliability patterns and total maintenance cost functions obtained through empirical cost models, accounting for yield and production loss, maintenance, replacement and catastrophic failure costs. Cost variations for various possible failure distribution parameter values (β, η) under the CM and RCBM policies are also obtained. The proposed methodology is tested in a real aircraft failures case study. Findings RCBM is generally more effective over CM in achieving timely maintenance at optimal cost (savings up to 65 percent) while keeping high system reliability, for a wide range of (β, η) values. However, CM could still be beneficial for a restricted range of large (β, η). Practical implications Industry should consider shifting from CM to adopt the proposed RCBM policy, which is proved to be more efficient in most cases. The implementation is not necessarily complex. Originality/value The effectiveness of RCBM over CM in terms of reliability and cost considerations is clearly illustrated. This paper justifies the need to shift from CM to RCBM, which brings us closer to a practical implementation of predictive maintenance. This work also serves as a simple and valuable guide to implementation for maintenance and operational managers in production industries.
Mutations in the human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) in basal cell carcinomas and the Gorlin syndrome: different in vivo mechanisms of PTCH inactivation. (1996)

The nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple developmental defects and cancer susceptibility, in particular to basal cell carcinoma. The human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) was recently identified, mapped to the NBCCS locus on chromosome 9q22.3, and found mutated in patients with NBCCS and also in sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Here we show germ-line PTCH mutations in three families with NBCCS. We demonstrate that a germ-line PTCH frameshift deletion in one patient with NBCCS was accompanied by loss of the normal copy of PTCH in a tumor developed in the same patient. Another basal cell carcinoma from this patient did not show the loss of the normal copy of PTCH, instead a missense mutation in a highly conserved residue was identified in the nondeleted allele, illustrating two different mechanisms of PTCH inactivation in different tumors derived from the same NBCCS patient. We also show somatic PTCH mutations in 4 basal cell carcinomas identified by analyzing 18 non-NBCCS patients with sporadic tumors. These data provide further support for PTCH as an important tumor suppressor gene in the development of the most common human cancer.
A novel (3T-2R) parallel mechanism with large operational workspace and rotational capability (2014)

The paper presents a novel 5 dofs (3T-2R) parallel mechanism. The mechanism is characterized by large singularity-free workspace and particularly large rotational capability which makes it suitable for 5 face-machining and similar applications. Having all its prismatic actuators along x direction, the x-motion is independent from other dofs-only limited by prismatic actuators' strokes-constituting another major advantageous feature. Besides, an analytical direct geometric model can be easily established which is a rare feature in parallel robots. The paper introduces the novel mechanism with its inverse and direct geometric models as well as its kinematic models (forward and inverse Jacobians). Also, it discusses its singularity analysis and presents sample workspace plots evaluated based on isotropic performance regarding velocity and static force.
Experimental Endoscopic Subcutaneous Surgery (1992)

Endoscopic techniques have found increasing applications in general surgery. In this article, an attempt has been made to utilize endoscopy via a subcutaneous approach in an experimental pig model for dissection of fat, muscle, and fascia.
Reduced Complexity Path Selection Networks for M-Algorithm Read Channel Detectors (2008)

The M-algorithm is a reduced complexity, breadth-first, trellis search alternative to the Viterbi algorithm. It is particularly useful when the number of trellis states is so large as to render Viterbi detection impractical. When dealing with complex or long target responses, values of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> ges 16 may be required in order to approach MLD performance. Performing path selection for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> ges 16 using previously reported methods can be computationally complex and prohibitive to practical hardware implementation. This paper details reduced complexity path selection networks for use with large values of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> . A strategy for the construction of reduced complexity networks is presented and can be used to create networks for a variety of values of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> and for other applications where M-algorithm detection can be employed. The use of these networks will allow for practical realisable hardware implementations of M-algorithm detectors for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> ges 16.
Tunable and multiple-wavelengths/temporal output from gain-switched diode laser and a four Bragg-grating Fiber (2004)

We demonstrate spectral narrowing and selective tuning of the picosecond pulse outputs from an injection-seeded, gain-switched diode laser that is simultaneously coupled to four output fibers with different Bragg-grating resonators. A single-, dual-, and triple-wavelength and temporal pulse operation from all four outputs is presented.
A neural circuitry analysis of maternal behavior in the rat (1994)

This article reviews work that shows that the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in controlling the occurrence of maternal behavior in rats. A primary goal of this report is to fit the medial preoptic area into a larger neural circuitry, examining its critical inputs and outputs. Lesions of the medial preoptic area disrupt maternal behavior and estradiol and prolactin injections into this region activate maternal behavior. The medial amygdala, which is located in the limbic telencephalon, sends a neural projection to the preoptic region. Research indicates that this projection influences maternal behavior by relaying olfactory input to the medial preoptic area. The output of the preoptic area influences maternal behavior through descending projections to the brain stem. One of the influences of such projections might be to regulate neural circuits involved in controlling specific maternal responses, such as retrieval (carrying of pups) behavior.
Graphite as a Long‐Life Ca2+‐Intercalation Anode and its Implementation for Rocking‐Chair Type Calcium‐Ion Batteries (2019)

Herein, graphite is proposed as a reliable Ca<sup>2+</sup>-intercalation anode in tetraglyme (G<sub>4</sub>). When charged (reduced), graphite accommodates solvated Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ions (Ca-G<sub>4</sub>) and delivers a reversible capacity of 62 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> that signifies the formation of a ternary intercalation compound, Ca-G<sub>4</sub>·C<sub>72</sub>. Mass/volume changes during Ca-G<sub>4</sub> intercalation and the evolution of in operando X-ray diffraction studies both suggest that Ca-G<sub>4</sub> intercalation results in the formation of an intermediate phase between stage-III and stage-II with a gallery height of 11.41 Å. Density functional theory calculations also reveal that the most stable conformation of Ca-G<sub>4</sub> has a planar structure with Ca<sup>2+</sup> surrounded by G<sub>4</sub>, which eventually forms a double stack that aligns with graphene layers after intercalation. Despite large dimensional changes during charge/discharge (C/D), both rate performance and cyclic stability are excellent. Graphite retains a substantial capacity at high C/D rates (e.g., 47 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 1.0 A g<sup>-1</sup> s vs 62 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.05 A g<sup>-1</sup>) and shows no capacity decay during as many as 2000 C/D cycles. As the first Ca<sup>2+</sup>-shuttling calcium-ion batteries with a graphite anode, a full-cell is constructed by coupling with an organic cathode and its electrochemical performance is presented.
rGal-9 induces the expression of several anti-HIV host restriction factors including APOBEC3G <i>ex vivo</i>. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) Heat map representing expression levels of host restriction factors in CD4+ T cells isolated from ART-suppressed individuals, after treatment with either 0.5% DMSO as negative control, 500 nM rGal-9, 1000 nM rGal-9, 1μM vorinostat, or a combination of PMA (2 nM) and Ionomycin (0.5 μM). Heat colors indicate fold modulation compared to the DMSO control. Red indicates induction of expression, and blue indicates reduction of expression. Statistical comparisons were performed using t tests, and p values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate. Asterisks indicate &gt;3-fold, statistically significant modulation of gene expression as compared to DMSO control, as follows: * = FDR&lt;0.05; ** = FDR&lt;0.01, and *** = FDR&lt;0.001. (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) APOBEC3G expression in isolated CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals, treated as described in panel &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared to the DMSO-treated control. &lt;b&gt;(C-D)&lt;/b&gt; APOBEC3G protein expression in CD4+ T cells treated with either 500 nM rGal-9 or interferon-α (5000 units/ml), as determined by western blot. Immunoblotting bands were quantified with ImageJ software. The quantified APOBEC3G protein expression levels were normalized to corresponding Tubulin protein levels to account for variation in loading.&lt;/p&gt;
Diaphragm pacing by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve (1985)

Sophisticated techniques for electrical stimulation of excitable tissue to treat neuromuscular disorders rationally have been developed over the past 3 decades. A historical review shows that electricity has been applied to the phrenic nerves to activate the diaphragm for some 200 years. Of the contemporary methods for stimulating the phrenic nerve in cases of ventilatory insufficiency, the authors prefer stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the thorax using a platinum ribbon electrode placed behind the nerve and an attached subcutancously implanted radiofrequency (RF) receiver inductively coupled to an external RF transmitter. Instructions are given for implanting the electrode-receiver assembly, emphasizing atraumatic handling of the phrenic nerve and strict aseptic techniques. Diaphragm pacing is conducted with low frequency electrical stimulation at a slow repetition (respiratory) rate to condition the diaphragm muscle against fatigue and maintain it fatigue-free. Candidates for diaphragm pacing are those with ventilatory insufficiency due to malfunction of the respiratory control center or interruption of the upper motor neurons of the phrenic nerve. In the Yale series, there were 77 patients treated by diaphragm pacing; 63 (82%) started before 1981 and thus were available for follow-up for at least 5 years; 33 (52%) were paced for 5 to 10 years, and 15 (24%) were paced for 10 to 16. Long term stimulation of the phrenic nerves to pace the diaphragm is an effective method of ventilatory support in selected cases. (Neurosurgery 17:974-984, 1985)