gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel, standardized pre-clinical surgical animal model to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ischemic flap healing (2023)

Abstract Background Some of the most complex surgical interventions to treat trauma and cancer include the use of locoregional pedicled flaps and free autologous tissue transfer. While the techniques used for these reconstructive surgery procedures have improved over time, flap complications and even failure remain a significant clinical challenge. Animal models are useful in studying the pathophysiology of ischemic flaps, but when repeatability is a primary focus of a study, conventional in-vivo designs, where one randomized subset of animals serves as a treatment group while a second subset serves as a control, are at a disadvantage instigated by greater subject-to-subject variability. Results We present a novel, economical, and standardized pre-clinical animal model of excisional full-thickness wound closure and healing using axial pattern flaps that incorporates an anatomically named vascular pedicle. In this bilateral epigastric fasciocutaneous advancement flap (BEFAF) model, which simulates an actual clinical procedure of autologous tissue transfer, one flap heals under normal and a contralateral flap - under perturbed conditions or both flaps heal under conditions that vary by one within-subjects factor. Although we describe step-by-step methodological approach how to create such flaps as well as collect, process, and analyze flap survival data in larger size rodents, specifically, the rats ( Rattus norvegicus ), the BEFAF model is transferable and could be implemented in any mammalian species. We also stress the importance of taking and presenting high resolution histological stain images of the flaps that are indispensable for diagnostic result interpretation in the full-thickness wound healing studies. Conclusions BEFAFs may be used to investigate the spatiotemporal cellular and molecular responses to complex tissue injury and interventions simulating clinically relevant flap complications (e.g., secondary arterial, venous, or mixed ischemia) and therapeutic or surgical treatments (e.g., flap delay) in the presence or absence of confounding risk factors (e.g., substance abuse, irradiation, diabetes) or favorable wound-healing promoting activities (e.g., exercise). This technically challenging but feasible reconstructive surgery model eliminates inter-subject variability, while concomitantly minimizing the number of animals needed to achieve adequate statistical power. BEFAF also serves as an aid for teaching basic vascular microsurgery techniques that focus on precision, tremor management and magnification.
Haemocytic periodicity and periodic disorders: Periodic neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis and anaemia (1971)

Summary Evidence has accumulated of rhythmic numerical oscillation of each of the blood cells either independently or in combinations. The cyclic changes originate in the marrow of some normal persons and animals without causing illness, and can be induced experimentally. In more than 100 reported instances, periodic oscillations of various cells were accompanied by respective episodes of the disorders named in the title. The disorders may be transitory but usually recur throughout life and occasionally are fatal. All resist therapy. Features in common suggest an interrelationship of the haemal disorders and other disparate heritable periodic diseases. Theoretically, the rhythms are regulated by ubiquitous, inherent, intracellular bioclocks controlled hypothalamically or neurohumorally in relation to a feedback mechanism. Reactions to long cycles are of greater clinical importance than disturbances arising from the circadian rhythm.
Superior fracture-seal material using crushed date palm seeds for oil and gas well drilling operations (2017)

Expenses for drilling represent 25% of the total oilfield exploitation cost. Drilling fluids represent 15–18% of the total cost of well petroleum drilling operations. The main drilling fluids problem is the loss into fractured and vugs. Prevention or mitigation of severe lost circulation is a main challenge while drilling in fractured formations where conventional lost circulation materials (LCM) will not cure these losses. Therefore, specialized treatment is required when drilling fractured formations.In this study, a superior LCM made from crushed date palm seeds was tested at laboratory for its ability to seal artificially fractured cores under High Temperature High Pressure (HT-HP) conditions. For this purpose, the conventional 500 ml HT-HP filter press was modified to accommodate a fractured core plug of length and diameter equal to 38.1 mm (1.5 inch) instead of the ceramic disc.Using the modified HT-HP filter press, crushed date palm seeds proved its ability to completely seal the artificially made fracture in the test core samples at overbalance pressures up to 1000 psi and temperatures up to 90 °C. The optimum mud composition was fresh water, 7% by weight bentonite, 3.5% fine crushed date palm seeds, and 3.5% coarse crushed date palm seeds in weight bases. In addition to its superior ability to seal fractured formation, the crushed date palm seeds material is cheap, locally available in commercially quantities, and environmentally friendly material.
Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Zero Defect Smart Forging (2022)

Defects during production may lead to material waste, which is a significant challenge for many companies as it reduces revenue and negatively impacts sustainability and the environment. An essential reason for material waste is a low degree of automation, especially in industries that currently have a low degree of digitalization, such as steel forging. Those industries typically rely on heavy and old machinery such as large induction ovens that are mostly controlled manually or using well-known recipes created by experts. However, standard recipes may fail when unforeseen events happen, such as an unplanned stop in production, which may lead to overheating and thus material degradation during the forging process. In this paper, we develop a digital twin-based optimization strategy for the heating process for a forging line to automate the development of an optimal control policy that adjusts the power for the heating coils in an induction oven based on temperature data observed from pyrometers. We design a digital twin-based deep reinforcement learning (DTRL) framework and train two different deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models for the heating phase using a digital twin of the forging line. The twin is based on a simulator that contains a heating transfer and movement model, which is used as an environment for the DRL training. Our evaluation shows that both models significantly reduce the temperature unevenness and can help to automate the traditional heating process.
MAPMT H7546B anode current response study for ILC SiD muon system prototype (2007)

The proposed Si detector concept for the ILC has barrel and end cap muon systems. An SiD scintillator based muon system prototype has 256 strips and was constructed from extruded scintilator, WLS fibers, clear fibers, and multianode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMT). Six Hamamatsu H7546B were used. As a first step to understand strip output, the response of every anode to a given brightness of light and applied voltage must be measured. For the test, a custom made light source was used. Each MAPMT output was measured independently at constant (green) input light brightness and the same photocathode to anode voltage (800 V). The anode currents have a wide spread, for all tubes the maximum value is 5.23 times larger than the minimum value. The MAPMT cross talk was measured for one of the central inputs. The maximum cross talk value is about 4.9%. The average cross talk for the nearest four neighboring channels is 3.9%, for the farthest four is 1%. To assure the reproducibility and repeatability of the measurements, the double reference method was used.
Human neural stem cells: electrophysiological properties of voltage-gated ion channels (2002)

We have characterized the profile of membrane currents in an immortalized human neural stem cell line, HB1.F3 cells, using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Human neural stem cell line generated from primary cell cultures of embryonic human telencephalon using a replication-incompetent retroviral vector containing v-myc expresses nestin, a cell type-specific marker for neural stem cells. The human neural stem cells expressed both outward and inward K(+) currents with no evidence for Na(+) currents. The density of the outward, delayed rectifying type K(+) current was 1.8 +/- 0.015 nA/pF, and that of the inwardly rectifying K(+) current was 0.37 +/- 0.012 nA/pF (at 30 mM of [K(+)](o)). In order to induce neuronal differentiation of the neural stem cells, a full-length coding region of NeuroD, a neurogenic transcription factor, was transfected into HB1.F3 cells. Introduction of NeuroD induced expression of Na(+) currents with the current density of 0.042 +/- 0.011 nA/pF. The presence of two types of K(+) currents and expression of Na(+) currents induced by NeuroD appear to reflect the characteristic physiological features of human neural stem cells.
kNN-Prompt: Nearest Neighbor Zero-Shot Inference (2022)

Retrieval-augmented language models (LMs) use non-parametric memory to substantially outperform their non-retrieval counterparts on perplexity-based evaluations, but it is an open question whether they achieve similar gains in few- and zero-shot end-task accuracy. We extensively study one such model, the k-nearest neighbor LM (kNN-LM), showing that the gains marginally transfer. The main challenge is to achieve coverage of the verbalizer tokens that define the different end-task class labels. To address this challenge, we also introduce kNN-Prompt, a simple and effective kNN-LM with automatically expanded fuzzy verbalizers (e.g. to expand terrible to also include silly and other task-specific synonyms for sentiment classification). Across nine diverse end-tasks, using kNN-Prompt with GPT-2 large yields significant performance boosts over strong zero-shot baselines (13.4% absolute improvement over the base LM on average). We also show that other advantages of non-parametric augmentation hold for end tasks; kNN-Prompt is effective for domain adaptation with no further training, and gains increase with the size of the retrieval model.
Nature of [Ca2+]i transients during ventricular fibrillation and quinidine treatment in perfused rat hearts (1994)

We studied intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the electrocardiographic signals during pacing-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) and quinidine treatment (0.4 mg/min) using surface fluorometry in indo 1-acetoxymethyl ester (AM)-loaded perfused rat hearts. [Ca2+]i was evaluated as the indo 1 fluorescence ratio (F400/F510) and expressed as a percentage of the control amplitude of F400/F510 transients. F400/F510 increased to approximately 250% during 2- (n = 14) or 20-min (n = 9) VF. Quinidine significantly decreased F400/F510 by 60% after 2-min VF; however, this effect was blunted after 20-min VF. After 2-min VF, F400/F510 and left ventricular pressure recovered almost to the control level. However, recovery of F400/F510 and ventricular function was poor after 20-min VF. The relationship between [Ca2+]i and the electrocardiogram (ECG) during VF was evaluated by power spectrum analysis of F400/F510 and ECG signals. During VF (25 +/- 3 Hz) with high irregularity, there were no clear [Ca2+]i transients (n = 110). When the cardiac rhythm (22 +/- 3 Hz) was regular, including ventricular tachycardia, there were recognizable [Ca2+]i signals with dominant frequencies that were the same (n = 2), one-half (n = 12), or one-third (n = 1) of the ECG frequencies. The highest frequency of the [Ca2+]i transients was 19 Hz. During quinidine treatment, the VF rate decreased significantly, and clear [Ca2+]i transients were noted in all records responding to every one or two ECG signals. The conclusions were the following: 1) [Ca2+]i responds to electrical signals rapidly (up to 19 Hz) during VF. This fast [Ca2+]i response is a probable cause of high [Ca2+]i during VF. 2) Quinidine decreased [Ca2+]i after 2-min VF possibly in part by slowing the VF and [Ca2+]i transients rates. 3) 20-min VF caused [Ca2+]i overload and poor functional recovery after defibrillation.
Electrophysiological characterization of the archaeal transporter NCX_Mj using solid supported membrane technology (2016)

Sodium-calcium exchangers (NCXs) are membrane transporters that play an important role in Ca(2+) homeostasis and Ca(2+) signaling. The recent crystal structure of NCX_Mj, a member of the NCX family from the archaebacterium Methanococcus jannaschii, provided insight into the atomistic details of sodium-calcium exchange. Here, we extend these findings by providing detailed functional data on purified NCX_Mj using solid supported membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiology, a powerful but unexploited tool for functional studies of electrogenic transporter proteins. We show that NCX_Mj is highly selective for Na(+), whereas Ca(2+) can be replaced by Mg(2+) and Sr(2+) and that NCX_Mj can be inhibited by divalent ions, particularly Cd(2+) By directly comparing the apparent affinities of Na(+) and Ca(2+) for NCX_Mj with those for human NCX1, we show excellent agreement, indicating a strong functional similarity between NCX_Mj and its eukaryotic isoforms. We also provide detailed instructions to facilitate the adaption of this method to other electrogenic transporter proteins. Our findings demonstrate that NCX_Mj can serve as a model for the NCX family and highlight several possible applications for SSM-based electrophysiology.
Structure of FK506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from Streptomyces (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of FK506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from StreptomycesHirokazu Tanaka, Akio Kuroda, Hiroshi Marusawa, Hiroshi Hatanaka, Toru Kino, Toshio Goto, Masashi Hashimoto, and Toru TagaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 16, 5031–5033Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00250a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00250a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2048Altmetric-Citations445LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sensor Placement for Damage Detection in Nonlinear Systems Using System Augmentations (2007)

Peer Reviewed
Cold Cathode Glow Discharge Tubes (1968)

1,019,472. Cold cathode tubes. MULLARD Ltd. May 4, 1964, No. 18410/64. Addition to 1,012,229. Heading H1D. A cold-cathode current indicator tube as described in the parent Specification has an anode provided with two substantially parallel limbs which define a slot having substantially straight edges and extending parallel to the cathode, the cathode being visible through the slot. In manufacturing the tube, the cathode is cleaned by sputtering cathode material on to the envelope, only a thin film being produced on the envelope portion adjacent the anode, and this serves as a window. The anode may consist of two rods, or of a slot pressed out of a flat strip; in the latter case the slot may be defined by edges of the strip bent at right angles to the plane of the strip, notches being provided in the strip along an edge of the slot to give an indication of the current passing through the tube. The cathode is provided with a concave surface adjacent the anode and formed of a strip of metal of U- or V-shaped cross-section, the surface of the cathode remote from the anode being coated with a material such that in operation the glow extends only from the concave surface of the cathode. The envelope has a flat portion which serves as the window, and it may have a rectangular cross-section.
Second-generation quantum-well sensors for room-temperature scanning Hall probe microscopy (2005)

Scanning Hall probe microscopy is a noninvasive magnetic imaging technique with potential for having a major impact in the data storage industry if high-resolution Hall effect sensors can be developed with sufficiently low-noise figures at room temperature. To meet this requirement, we have developed a series of second-generation quantum-well Hall probes whereby the careful design of an AlGaAs∕InGaAs∕GaAs pseudomorphic heterostructure, chip layout, metal interconnects, and passivation layers has allowed a dramatic reduction of low-frequency noise sources. In addition, the Johnson noise-limited minimum detectable fields of these sensors are more than an order of magnitude lower than those used in early microscopes. The key figures-of-merit of the sensors are presented and their performance illustrated in an imaging study of a yttrium–iron–garnet thin film at room temperature.
Coronary stenosis progression differs in patients with stable angina pectoris with and without a previous history of unstable angina (1996)

In patients with stable angina, stenoses associated with previous episodes of unstable angina are more likely to progress than stenoses not associated with previous unstable angina. Unstable coronary atherosclerotic plaques, even those that have been clinically stable for more than 3 months, may retain the potential for rapid progression to total occlusion.
Integration challenges of TSV backside via reveal process (2013)

Through-Silicon Vias [TSV] offer a method to improved electrical signal speeds by reducing interconnect length. Via Reveal - a wafer back side process steps - is key to the successful implementation of TSV. After via formation, finished CMOS wafers or interposers are temporarily bonded with glass carriers. The TSV are will be `Revealed' using include Si back-grind and plasma etch steps, and then passivated with PECVD, finally, use CMP to open Cu pillar. Via reveal processes must maintain acceptably low Total Thickness Variation (TTV) to allow subsequent bonding/stacking steps. Process temperature must lower than carrier bonding adhesives - a particular challenge for dielectric deposition. Data on Silicon etching will show that etch rate > 3.8μm/min, with Cu pillar TTV<;2μm and selectivity to liner oxide around ~100 can be achieved on bonded wafers. A silicon etched profile control method by chemical gases flow and pressure change will be presented. For backside metal line process that needs developed low wet rate dielectric film, result showed wet etch rates in the chemical solution was improved from >116nm/min to <;22nm/min, these film also show excellent conformability on backside TSV that step coverage >80%. It also have good uniformity and pass electrical test. Dielectric film/Cu CMP process is applied for protrude the backside TSV coplanarly, the shape of backside TSV will be well control by CMP remove rate and end-point detect.
Adaptive frequency-domain equalization for single-carrier multiple-input multiple-output wireless transmissions (2005)

Channel estimation and tracking pose real problems in broadband single-carrier wireless communication systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. An alternative to estimating the channel is to adaptively equalize the received symbols. Several adaptive equalization solutions have been researched for systems operating in the time domain. However, these solutions tend to be computationally intensive. A low-complexity alternative is to adaptively equalize the received message in the frequency domain. In this paper, we present an adaptive frequency-domain equalization (FDE) algorithm for implementation in single-carrier (SC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Furthermore, we outline a novel method of reducing the overhead required to train the proposed equalizer. Finally, we address the issues of complexity and training sequence design. Other computationally efficient adaptive FDE algorithms for use in SC systems employing single transmit and receive antennas, receive diversity, or space-time block codes (STBC) can be found in the literature. However, the algorithm detailed in this paper can be implemented in STBC systems as well as in broadband spatial multiplexing systems, making it suitable for use in high data rate MIMO applications.
Biocompatible polymeric monoliths for protein and peptide separations (2009)

The concept of biocompatibility with reference to chromatographic stationary phases for separation of biomolecules (including proteins and peptides) is introduced. Biocompatible is a characteristic that indicates resistance to nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules and preservation of their structures and biochemical functions. Two types of biocompatible polymeric monoliths [i. e., polyacrylamide- and poly(meth)acrylate-based monoliths] used for protein and peptide separations are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on size exclusion, ion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatographic modes. Biocompatible monoliths for enzyme reactors are also included. The two main synthetic approaches to produce biocompatible monoliths are summarized, i. e., surface modification of a monolith that is not inherently biocompatible and direct copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers to form a biocompatible monolith directly. Integration of polyethylene glycol into the poly(meth)acrylate monolith network is becoming popular for reduction of non-specific protein interactions.
Decentralized dynamic resource management support for massively parallel processor arrays (2011)

This paper presents a hardware-supported resource management methodology for massively parallel processor arrays. It enables processing elements to autonomously explore resource availability in their neighborhood. To support resource exploration, we introduce specialized controllers, which can be attached to each of the processing elements. We propose different types of architectures for the exploration controller: fast FSM-based designs as well as flexible programmable controllers. These controllers allow to implement different distributed resource exploration strategies in order to enable parallel programs the exploration and reservation of available resources according to different application requirements. Hardware cost evaluations show that the cost of the simplest implementation of our programmable controller is comparable to our FSM-based implementations, while offering the flexibility for implementing different exploration strategies. We show that the proposed distributed approach can achieve a significant speedup in comparison with centralized resource exploration methods.
Superior Immune Response to Protein-Conjugate versus Free Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2009)

PCV7 induces a superior immune response at 1 month post vaccination compared with PPSV23 in COPD. Older age and prior PPSV23 reduce vaccine responsiveness. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00457977).