gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Product and Process Design (IPPD): For Rapid, More Affordable Parts/Systems Using Knowledge-Based Engineering Methods. (1996)

Abstract : Our efforts have focused on an architecture for the development of a design and modeling framework for knowledge-based engineering. Emphasis has been placed on generic methods applicable to both defense and commercial electro- mechanical systems. This report will address both the results of the small business innovation research program and subsequent investments by Ford Motor Company, Lockheed-Martin and other system manufacturers which have focused on engineering analysis, geometric modeling, meshing, visualization, and simulation methods. The report will also highlight the leveraging of in-house federal laboratory research programs, specifically, materials process design research within the Wright Laboratory, Materials Directorate. All of the above investments and interactions have contributed toward further advancing and applying knowledge-based engineering methods for integrated product and process design.
Observation of Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer between Acoustic and Optical Vortices in Optical Fiber (2006)

Acousto-optic interaction in optical fiber is examined from the perspective of copropagating optical and acoustic vortex modes. Calculation of the acousto-optic coupling coefficient between different optical modes leads to independent conservation of spin and orbital angular momentum of the interacting photons and phonons. We show that the orbital angular momentum of the acoustic vortex can be transferred to a circularly polarized fundamental optical mode to form a stable optical vortex in the fiber carrying orbital angular momentum. The technique provides a useful way of generating stable optical vortices in the fiber medium.
The neural network of phantom sound changes over time: a comparison between recent-onset and chronic tinnitus patients (2011)

Tinnitus is characterized by an ongoing conscious perception of a sound in the absence of any external sound source. Chronic tinnitus is notoriously characterized by its resistance to treatment. In the present study the objective was to verify whether the neural generators and/or the neural tinnitus network, evaluated through EEG recordings, change over time as previously suggested by MEG. We therefore analyzed the source-localized EEG recordings of a very homogenous group of left-sided narrow-band noise tinnitus patients. Results indicate that the generators involved in tinnitus of recent onset seem to change over time with increased activity in several brain areas [auditory cortex, supplementary motor area and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plus insula], associated with a decrease in connectivity between the different auditory and nonauditory brain structures. An exception to this general connectivity decrease is an increase in gamma-band connectivity between the left primary and secondary auditory cortex and the left insula, and also between the auditory cortices and the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. These networks are both connected to the left parahippocampal area. Thus acute and chronic tinnitus are related to differential activity and connectivity in a network comprising the auditory cortices, insula, dACC and premotor cortex.
Design and Properties of Hollow Antiresonant Fibers for the Visible and Near Infrared Spectral Range (2015)

Hollow core antiresonant fibers offer new possibilities in the near infrared and visible spectral range. I show here that the great flexibility of this technology can allow the design and fabrication of hollow core optical fibers with an extended transmission bandwidth in the near infrared and with very low optical attenuation in the visible wavelength regime. A very low attenuation of 175 dB/km at 480 nm is reported. A modification of the design of the studied fibers is proposed in order to achieve fast-responding gas detection.
Strong pinning linear defects formed at the coherent growth transition of pulsed-laser-depositedYBa2Cu3O7−δfilms (2002)

Linear defects are important pinning sites for vortices in high-temperature superconductors. In ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ thin films, the linear defects responsible for high critical currents are threading dislocations formed near the substrate interface. Investigating the first stages of growth of pulsed-lased-deposited ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ on single terminated (100) ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates, we study the genesis of these dislocations. We find that the formation of linear defects occurs above a certain critical layer thickness at which a coherent growth transition takes place. Coherent islands are formed, surrounded by highly strained trenches. These trenches facilitate the formation of dislocation half-loops. Such half-loops relieve the misfit strain and form misfit and threading dislocations. The number of threading dislocations thus depends on the island density. This model explains both the short-range lateral order of the threading dislocations and their decreasing density at elevated substrate temperatures.
Cuticular hydrocarbons as maternal provisions in embryos and nymphs of the cockroach Blattella germanica (2008)

Cuticular hydrocarbons of arthropods serve multiple functions, including as barriers to water loss and as pheromones and pheromone precursors. In the oviparous German cockroach, Blattella germanica, long-chain hydrocarbons are produced by oenocytes within the abdominal integument and are transported by a blood lipoprotein, lipophorin, both to the cuticular surface and into vitellogenic oocytes. Using radiotracer approaches, we tracked the location and metabolic fate of 14C- and 3H-labeled hydrocarbons through vitellogenic females and their embryos and nymphs. A considerable amount ( approximately 50%) of radiolabeled maternal hydrocarbons was transferred to oocytes and persisted through a 20-day embryogenesis and the first two nymphal stadia. The maternal hydrocarbons were not degraded or lost during this protracted period, except for significant losses of cuticular hydrocarbons starting with the first-to-second instar molt. Thus, although embryos and nymphs can produce their own hydrocarbons, maternal hydrocarbons provide a significant fraction of the cuticular and hemolymph hydrocarbons of both stages. These results show, for the first time in any insect, that a mother provides a significant complement of her offspring's cuticular hydrocarbons. Further research will be needed to determine whether provisioning hydrocarbons to eggs is a general strategy among insects and other arthropods or if this strategy is limited to taxa where eggs and early instars are susceptible to desiccation.
Low HLA-C expression at cell surfaces correlates with increased turnover of heavy chain mRNA. (1995)

In comparison with HLA-A and -B, the protein products of the HLA-C locus are poorly characterized, in part because of their low level of expression at the cell surface. Here, we examine how protein-protein interactions during assembly and regulation of the mRNA level affect cell surface expression of HLA-C. We find that intrinsic properties of the HLA-C heavy chain proteins do not correlate with low cell surface expression: HLA-C heavy chains associate and dissociate with beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) at rates comparable to those found for HLA-A and -B, and increased competition for beta 2m does not alter the surface expression of HLA-C. From studies of chimeric genes spliced from the HLA-B7 and -Cw3 genes, we find that chimeric proteins containing the B7 peptide-binding groove can have low cell surface expression, suggesting that inefficiency in binding peptides is not the cause of low cell surface expression for HLA-C. The surface levels of HLA-A, -B, or -C in cells transfected with cDNA can be similar, implicating noncoding regions of HLA-C heavy chain genes in the regulation of surface expression. We find that HLA-C mRNA is expressed at lower levels than HLA-B mRNA and that this difference results from faster degradation of the HLA-C message. Experiments examining chimeric B7/Cw3 and B7/Cw6 genes suggest that a region determining low expression of HLA-C is to be found between the 3' end of exon 3 and a site in the 3' untranslated region, approximately 600 bases downstream of the translation stop codon.
Effects of anti-IL-4 receptor monoclonal antibody onin vitroT cell cytokine levels: IL-4 production by T cells from non-atopic donors (1998)

IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine which is involved in the development of atopic diseases. Only limited data exist on IL-4 production in humans, and the relative contribution to atopy of either unbalanced IL-4 production, or increased IL-4-responsiveness of target cells, is still unknown. The use of a MoAb to the IL-4 receptor alpha-chain (IL-4Ralpha) enabled us to demonstrate that IL-4 production in vitro is usually underestimated, due to in vitro consumption, even in cultures of purified T cells. When IL-4 consumption was blocked, it became evident that CD80 and CD86 both provide effective costimulatory signals for high IL-4 production. Moreover, we found that even stimulation with a soluble antigen (tetanus toxoid) induces IL-4 production by T cells from healthy non-atopic donors. Both sets of data imply that IL-4 is not required for IL-4 production by memory and/or effector T cells. Our data further show that endogenous IL-4 activity modulates IL-10 and interferon-gamma production by T cells in opposite directions. The use of this receptor-blocking antibody will thus be helpful for in vitro studies on IL-4 regulation. Consumption of IL-4 by different cell types during in vitro cultures might have interfered with previous attempts to quantify IL-4 production by human T cells.
Fronthaul Compression for Cloud Radio Access Networks: Signal processing advances inspired by network information theory (2014)

Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) provide a novel architecture for next-generation wireless cellular systems whereby the baseband processing is migrated from the base stations (BSs) to a control unit (CU) in the "cloud." The BSs, which operate as radio units (RUs), are connected via fronthaul links to the managing CU. The fronthaul links carry information about the baseband signals-in the uplink from the RUs to the CU and vice versa in the downlink-in the form of quantized in-phase and quadrature (IQ) samples. Due to the large bit rate produced by the quantized IQ signals, compression prior to transmission on the fronthaul links is deemed to be of critical importance and is receiving considerable attention. This article provides a survey of the work in this area with emphasis on advanced signal processing solutions based on network information theoretic concepts. Analysis and numerical results illustrate the considerable performance gains to be expected for standard cellular models.
Stimulation of Human Trophoblast Invasion by Placental Growth Hormone (2005)

A critical step in establishment of human pregnancy is the invasion of the uterus wall by the extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVCT), a process regulated by multiple autocrine and paracrine factors. Hormones belonging to the GH/prolactin family are expressed at the maternofetal interface. Because they are involved in cell motility in various models, we examined the possible regulatory role of human placental GH (hPGH) in EVCT invasiveness. By using an in vitro invasion model, we found that EVCT isolated from first-trimester chorionic villi and cultured on Matrigel secreted hPGH and expressed human GH receptor (hGHR). These data were confirmed by in situ immunohistochemistry. EVCT expressed the full-length and truncated forms of hGHR, and the Janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-5 signaling pathway was activated in EVCT by hPGH treatment. Strong hPGH and hGHR expression was observed when EVCT invaded Matrigel and moved through the pores of the filter on which they were cultured. hPGH stimulated EVCT invasiveness, and this effect was inhibited by a Janus kinase-2 inhibitor. Interestingly, hPGH was more efficient than pituitary GH in stimulating EVCT invasiveness. These results offer the first evidence for a placental role of hPGH and suggest an autocrine/paracrine role of hPGH in the regulation of trophoblast invasion.
Patterning And Processing Of Organic Electronic Devices Using Photolithography (2011)

Patterning methods for chemically sensitive organic semiconductors are developed and applied to making devices and studying interesting device physics. The patterning methods developed center around industry standard photolithographic techniques, to take advantage of their high resolution, good registration and ubiquity. First, in Chapter 2, parylene is used as a mechanically removable liftoff mask to pattern both polymers and small molecules. In Chapter 3 this technique is applied to organic thin-film transistors to pattern both the conducting polymer electrodes and the organic active region. Chapter 4 applies the same technique to examine in detail the ionic transport of ionic transition metal complexes, which are candidates for very simple and stable solid-state lighting devices. By patterning the material, planar devices are made to resemble sandwich structure devices and a scanning probe technique can be used to see the electric field distribution of the device over time. Chapters 5 and 6 explore the use of fluorinated solvents to make organic compatible photoresist systems capable of directly patterning organic materials. First, the solvents and resists themselves are introduced in Chapter 5 and then both individual organic transistors of high performance and organic circuits are demonstrated using these resists to structure the active layers and contacts.
Tunable surface plasmon resonance silver films (2001)

Precise control of thermal evaporation deposition parameters allows the production of silver island films on glass substrates with tunable surface plasmon resonance wavelengths. Specific combinations of substrate temperature, deposition rate, and film thickness produce films exhibiting surface plasmon resonance wavelengths that can be adjusted throughout the visible and into the near-IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. These films are shown to be useful as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Design of an innovative Polymerase Chain Reaction device based on buoyancy driven flow. (2009)

Abstract Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) plays a central role in the field of molecular biology. The miniaturization of PCR systems is promising as it potentially minimizes costly reagent consumption and time required for analysis. In PCR microdevices a sample solution is usually handled by external pumps. An alternative solution relies on temperature-induced density difference in the presence of a body force to induce buoyancy driven flow. This alternative method is easy to be used and does not require expensive setup, but, to date, the thermo-fluid-dynamic field in the micro-channels still needs to be optimized. The present study focuses on the design of micro-channels, having innovative and optimized shapes to obtain proper fluid actuation and DNA sample amplification within buoyancy driven flow PCR devices. A parametric study is carried out by means of computational thermal fluid dynamic modeling: several channel geometry configurations were compared in terms of time required for analysis, temperature distribution and priming volume. The advantages and disadvantages of such configurations are discussed.
FreeLing: An Open-Source Suite of Language Analyzers (2004)

Basic language processing such as tokenizing, morphological analyzers, lemmatizing, PoS tagging, chunking, etc. is a need for most NL applications such as Machine Translation, Summarization, Dialogue systems, etc. A large part of the effort required to develop such applications is devoted to the adaptation of existing software resources to the platform, programming language, format or API of the nal system. In LREC&amp;apos;02, we presented the object architecture that we are currently using (Carreras and Padró, 2002), which enables the quick and easy integration of basic language analyzers in any NLP application. Now we present a suite of analysis tools based on that architecture, which is distributed under Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (Free Software Foundation, 1999). The rst release of the suite will include morphological analyzer and Part-of-Speech tagger for English, Spanish, and Catalan.
Capture of Very Rare Circulating Tumor Cells for Human Breast Cancer Diagnosis (2007)

A method of collecting and delivering single or precise numbers of cells to assess the feasibility of capturing very rare circulating tumor cells for human breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring was developed. A PMMA device was assembled with minimal assembly variation using passive alignment. Thermoplastic fusion bonding was optimized to yield minimal deformation of the microfluidic channel. UV modification and an anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM) functionalization process were used to generate capture surfaces and maximized by control experiment. Single or precise numbers of target cells were collected using a cell collecting capillary tube and a hemacytometer and delivered into the microchannel without any loss. Cells from one of the human breast cancer cell lines, the MCF-7 cell line (ATCC, Manassas, VA) which strongly overexpresses EpCAM, were successfully captured on the anti-EpCAM coated microchannel surfaces. Successful capture of early stage breast cancer cells in whole blood may be feasible with further optimization of the microchannel geometry and flow velocity through the microfluidic device.
An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter (2018)

Here, we demonstrate a detail protocol for the preparation of nanomaterials-embedded composite membranes and its application to the efficient and ion-selective removal of radioactive iodines. By using citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (mean diameter: 13 nm) and cellulose acetate membranes, gold nanoparticle-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (Au-CAM) have easily been fabricated. The nano-adsorbents on Au-CAM were highly stable in the presence of high concentration of inorganic salts and organic molecules. The iodide ions in aqueous solutions could rapidly be captured by this engineered membrane. Through a filtration process using an Au-CAM containing filter unit, excellent removal efficiency (>99%) as well as ion-selective desalination result was achieved in a short time. Moreover, Au-CAM provided good reusability without significant decrease of its performances. These results suggested that the present technology using the engineered hybrid membrane will be a promising process for the large-scale decontamination of radioactive iodine from liquid wastes.
Augmented Reality for Human-Robot Collaboration (2007)

This chapter began by establishing a need for human-robot collaboration. Human-human communication was discussed; a model for human-human collaboration created and this model was used as a reference model for human-robot collaboration. The state of humanrobot interaction was reviewed and how this interaction fits into the model of human-robot collaboration was explored. Augmented Reality technology was introduced, reviewed and how AR could be used to enhance human-robot collaboration was explored. Research directions were discussed and then design guidelines were outlined. Finally, a holistic architecture using AR as an enabling device for human-robot collaboration was presented. The model developed for human communication is based on three components; the communication channels available, the communication cues provided by each of these channels, and the technology that affects the transmission of these cues. There are three channels for communication: visual, audio and environmental. Depending on the transmission medium used, communication cues may not be effectively transmitted. Applying this model to human-robot collaboration, the characteristics of an effective human-robot collaborative system can be analyzed. An effective system should strive to allow communication cues to be transferred in all three channels. Therefore, the robot must be able to understand and exhibit audio, visual and environmental communication cues. Effective human-robot collaborative systems should make use of varying levels of autonomy. As a result, the system would better capitalize on the strengths of both the human and robot. More explicitly, the system would capitalize on the problem solving skills of a human and the speed and dexterity of a robot. Thus, a robot would be able to work autonomously, while retaining the ability to request assistance when guidance is needed or warranted. In terms of communication, a robot will be better understood and accepted if its communication behaviour more explicitly emulates that of a human. Common understanding should be reached by using the same conversational gestures used by humans, such as gaze, pointing, and hand and face gestures. Robots should also be able to interpret and display such behaviours so that their communication appears natural to their human conversational partner. Finally, Augmented Reality has many benefits that will help create a more ideal environment for human-robot collaboration and advance the capability of the communication channels discussed. AR technology allows the human to share an egocentric view with a robot, thus enabling the human and robot to ground their communication and intentions. AR also allows for an exo-centric view of the collaborative workspace affording spatial awareness. Multiple collaborators can be supported by an AR system; so multiple humans could collaborate with multiple robotic systems. Human-robot
Robust stroke segmentation method for handwritten Chinese character recognition (2002)

Presents a robust thinning-based method for the segmentation of strokes from handwritten Chinese characters. A new set of feature points is proposed for the analysis of skeleton images. A geometrical graph-based approach is developed for the analysis of strokes. A novel criterion is proposed for the identification of the fork points in a skeleton image which correspond to the same joint points in the original character image. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.
High Voltage DC Power Supply Used in Electrospinning (2010)

Power is the direct force in the process of electrospinning, as voltage takes one of the great main roles effecting the quantity of the fiber, making a model of the generater would be in sense to control the morphology.On analysising the working principle,this paper first design a suitable high voltage dc power,and then take an exam in the Simulink environment of Matlab 2009,finally it was certified to be right comparing to the standard situation.