gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of Corn and Soybeans to Simulated Saline Aerosol Drift from Brackish Water Cooling Towers (1981)

Abstract Field studies were conducted on corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) for 8 weeks during each summer from 1973 to 1977 to acquire information on the response of these crops to saline aerosol deposition from brackish water cooling towers. The studies involved two sources of salts (NaCl and brackish water from the Unit No. 3 cooling tower at Chalk Point, Md.) and various salt deposition rates (0.97–22.24 kg ha −1 week −1 ). Soybeans exhibited greater sensitivity than corn to simulated saline aerosol drift early in their growth cycle, but corn yields were impacted more than soybean yields from the foliar salt treatments. Vegetative symptoms of salt injury on corn were progressively more pronounced as the plants matured than was the case with soybeans. Polynomial regression analyses of yields vs. salt deposition rates produced linear relationships for both crops. Corn yields were described by the relationship Y c = 97.9 − 1.94 X and soybean yields by the relationship Y sb = 103.5 − 1.73 X , where X equaled the rate of salt deposition, and yields ( Y ) were expressed as percent of nontreated controls. Changes in leaf Cl levels in corn in response to foliar‐applied salts were described by the relationship Y = 0.20 + 0.07 X − 0.001 X 2 , and leaf Na contents by the relationship Y = 0.099 + 0.024 X . Changes in leaf Cl levels in soybeans in response to foliar‐applied salts were described by the relationship Y = 0.059 + 0.073 X + 0.004 X 2 − 0.0004 X 3 , and leaf Na levels by the relationship Y = 0.086 + 0.011 X + 0.0006 X 2 , where X equaled the salt deposition rate (kg ha −1 week −1 ) and Y equaled the element contents (%). In an effort to explore methods for assessing the levels of crop yield reductions in areas where salt deposition is suspected but no control plants are possible, corn yields were described by the relationship Y c = 105 − 35.5 X 1 and Y c = 102 − 63.7 X 2 , where Y c equaled the percent of nontreated controls, and X 1 and X 2 equaled the Cl and Na contents (%), respectively. Soybean yields were described by the relationship Y sb = 104 − 20 X 1 and Y sb = 105 − 57.9 X 2 , where X 1 and X 2 equaled the Cl and Na contents in leaves, respectively.
Second-step typification of Statice insignis, basionym of Limonium insigne (Plumbaginaceae) (2017)

Cosson (1852: 177) described Statice insignis (Plumbaginaceae Juss.), providing a detailed description of this species, reporting several localities of provenance and indicating a pertinent gathering by the French traveler and plant collector Eugène Bourgeau: “In salsuginosis Hispaniae australioris, in regno Granatensi ad urbem Vera (E. Bourgeau, pl. Esp. n. 1442) et ad oppidula Santa-Fe et Roqueta (E. Bourgeau, 1851)”.
Structural and regulatory diversity shape HLA-C protein expression levels (2017)

Expression of HLA-C varies widely across individuals in an allele-specific manner. This variation in expression can influence efficacy of the immune response, as shown for infectious and autoimmune diseases. MicroRNA binding partially influences differential HLA-C expression, but the additional contributing factors have remained undetermined. Here we use functional and structural analyses to demonstrate that HLA-C expression is modulated not just at the RNA level, but also at the protein level. Specifically, we show that variation in exons 2 and 3, which encode the α1/α2 domains, drives differential expression of HLA-C allomorphs at the cell surface by influencing the structure of the peptide-binding cleft and the diversity of peptides bound by the HLA-C molecules. Together with a phylogenetic analysis, these results highlight the diversity and long-term balancing selection of regulatory factors that modulate HLA-C expression.
Comparative Studies of Connecting Rod Bearings Design on Capability to Discharge Foreign Particles (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Foreign particles remaining in an engine cause bearing trouble on rare occasions. It is required to promptly and effectively discharge foreign particles from the bearing clearance space to improve reliability of the engine. In this paper, the bearing configuration of at the parting line between upper and lower bearings which are capable of discharging foreign particles are experimentally studied. Tests were conducted for fundamental visualization of oil flow and particles. As a result, the behavior of the particles in the bearing clearance space and the effects of the bearing configurations were well demonstrated. In the bench test using an actual engine, the bearing configuration with grooves at the parting line of the bearing demonstrated the effectiveness to prevent bearing damage caused by foreign particles. The influence of the bearing configurations on oil flow rate was confirmed not to increase the flow rate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Laser-Ultrasonic Characterization of Fiber Reinforced Composites: Effect of the Generation Laser Transverse Modes (2004)

Laser‐ultrasonics has been used with success for the microstructure evaluation of metals by measuring ultrasonic attenuation and velocity. Extension of this technique to fiber reinforced polymer composites could provide useful information such as fiber contents and porosity. Ultrasonic generation in composite materials is usually performed by using a pulsed TEA‐CO2 laser operated on several transverse modes. The intensity profile of this laser could change from shot‐to‐shot, thus affecting the ultrasonic generation pattern and the accuracy of attenuation measurement. Two solutions are possible to overcome this problem. The first reported approach consists in numerically correcting for the diffraction effect by using a Monte Carlo integration after simultaneous acquisition of the ultrasonic signal and the laser mode pattern. The second reported approach consists in modifying the laser resonator to get a single transverse mode while maintaining high energy per pulse, and to make the diffraction correction much simpler. Both approaches have been tested on a bare carbon epoxy plate with laser generation in the thermoelastic regime. The results obtained from using either approaches show a significant improvement and are compared to those obtained by conventional ultrasonics.
Performance of GaAs Nanowire Array Solar Cells for Varying Incidence Angles (2016)

Nanowire array solar cells show intrinsic light trapping and absorption enhancement properties due to the diffraction and optical resonances. Here, we report the effect of varying incidence angle on the performance of GaAs nanowire array solar cells. We provide experimental evidence that nanowire array solar cells are highly efficient at gathering diffuse or tilted incident light, even at very high incidence angles; hence, the performance of the nanowire solar cell is retained up to these high incident light angles. Specifically, the measured efficiency at an incidence angle of 60° is 95% of the efficiency at normal incidence. Moreover, our measurements show that a nonzero incidence angle is beneficial for wavelengths above 600 nm, which results in an efficiency improvement by 0.5% absolute points. This increase is so large that we even measure a small increase in absolute output power at 15° tilt, thus, more than fully compensating for the reduced incoming power over the cell with increasing tilt. We show how this gain arises from an enhanced absorption in the part of the nanowire with a high probability of charge extraction. Thus, nanowires show great promise for the delivery of high efficiency in practical nontracking positioning conditions, as well as under diffuse light illumination.
Classical to Current Approach for Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review (2012)

Psoriasis is a genetic predisposition with T-cell mediated autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by cutaneous inflammation, increased epidermal proliferation, hyperkeratosis, angiogenesis, and abnormal keratinization that affects up to 2 - 3% of the population worldwide. Common therapies that are used for the treatment of psoriasis include topical, systemic, phototherapy, combination, herbal therapy and novel molecules. Topically used agents include Vit D, calcipotriol, corticosteroids, dithranol and retinoids etc. Systemically used agents include methotrexate and cyclosporine etc. Phototherapy includes UV-B, Psoralen plus ultraviolet therapy and excimer laser etc. These therapies have a number of potential problems, such as limited in efficacy, inconvenience, organ toxicity, carcinogenic and broadband immunosuppression. In natural treatment a variety of natural agents such as methanolic extracts of duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis,) linseed oil, fish oil, and Indigo naturalis etc., that modulates T cell and cytokine action at various steps along with the pathogenic sequence have been developed. But till now there is no more in vivo, dose and its efficacy data has been established. Current therapy includes biologicals, small molecules inhibitor and enzyme inhibitors etc, which serve as novel therapeutic options for psoriasis treatment. All these avoid the side effects of the prebiologically developed systemic agents including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression. Currently, Denilukin diftitox, Efalizumab, Alefacept, Ustekinumab and Etanercept are approved by the FDA, and others molecules are at clinical stage. Patents issued by the US office are also included in current psoriasis treatment scenario. In the United States, biologicals are widely used for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. But because of the high cost of medication and their availability in injection form, it remains to be seen how widely these agents will be utilized worldwide. Still, developing countries prefer conventional drugs.
Effects of frequency-shifted feedback on the pitch of vocal productions (1981)

Previous investigations into the effects of distorted auditory feedback on vocalizations have been limited to manipulations of intensity, background noise, temporal delay, or to selective filtering of frequency. The current study reports the results of real-time shifts of the frequency components of auditory feedback. Subjectively, such shifts are perceived primarily as an alteration in the fundamental frequency (F0) of the speech. Subjects performed a variety of tasks under conditions where they received either normal auditory feedback or frequency-shifted feedback. Under normal feedback conditions, subjects maintained approximately constant F0 as instructed. With frequency-shifted feedback, subjects attempted to compensate for the shift by adjusting their F0 up or down such that the resulting feedback appeared to be "normal."
LSTM Learning With Bayesian and Gaussian Processing for Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT (2019)

The data generated by millions of sensors in the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are extremely dynamic, heterogeneous, and large scale and pose great challenges on the real-time analysis and decision making for anomaly detection in the IIoT. In this article, we propose a long short-term memory (LSTM)-Gauss-NBayes method, which is a synergy of the long short-term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) and the Gaussian Bayes model for outlier detection in the IIoT. In a nutshell, the LSTM-NN builds a model on normal time series. It detects outliers by utilizing the predictive error for the Gaussian Naive Bayes model. Our method exploits advantages of both LSTM and Gaussian Naive Bayes models, which not only has strong prediction capability of LSTM for future time point data, but also achieves an excellent classification performance of the Gaussian Naive Bayes model through the predictive error. We evaluate our approaches on three real-life datasets that involve both long-term and short-term time dependence. Empirical studies demonstrate that our proposed techniques outperform the best-known competitors, which is a preferable choice for detecting anomalies.
Fatty acid transport protein 4 is dispensable for intestinal lipid absorption in mice (2008)

FA transport protein 4 (FATP4), one member of a multigene family of FA transporters, was proposed as a major FA transporter in intestinal lipid absorption. Due to the fact that Fatp4(-/-) mice die because of a perinatal skin defect, we rescued the skin phenotype using an FATP4 transgene driven by a keratinocyte-specific promoter (Fatp4(-/-);Ivl-Fatp4(tg/+) mice) to elucidate the role of intestinal FATP4 in dietary lipid absorption. Fatp4(-/-);Ivl-Fatp4(tg/+) mice and wild-type littermates displayed indistinguishable food consumption, growth, and weight gain on either low or high fat (Western) diets, with no differences in intestinal triglyceride (TG) absorption or fecal fat losses. Cholesterol absorption and intestinal TG absorption kinetics were indistinguishable between the genotypes, although Western diet fed Fatp4(-/-);Ivl-Fatp4(tg/+) mice showed a significant increase in enterocyte TG and FA content. There was no compensatory upregulation of other FATP family members or any other FA or cholesterol transporters in Fatp4(-/-);Ivl-Fatp4(tg/+) mice. Furthermore, although serum cholesterol levels were lower in Fatp4(-/-);Ivl-Fatp4(tg/+) mice, there was no difference in hepatic VLDL secretion in-vivo or in hepatic lipid content on either a chow or Western diet. Taken together, our studies find no evidence for a physiological role of intestinal FATP4 in dietary lipid absorption in mice.
Raf-1 Kinase Possesses Distinct Binding Domains for Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidic Acid (1996)

Previous studies demonstrated that the cysteine-rich amino-terminal domain of Raf-1 kinase interacts selectively with phosphatidylserine (Ghosh, S., Xie, W. Q., Quest, A. F. G., Mabrouk, G. M., Strum, J. C., and Bell, R. M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10000-10007). Further analysis showed that full-length Raf-1 bound to both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid (PA). Specifically, a carboxyl-terminal domain of Raf-1 kinase (RafC; residues 295 648 of human Raf-1) interacted strongly with phosphatidic acid. The binding of RafC to PA displayed positive cooperativity with Hill numbers between 3.3 and 6.2; the apparent Kd ranged from 4.9 +/- 0.6 to 7.8 +/- 0.9 mol % PA. The interaction of RafC with PA displayed a pH dependence distinct from the interaction between the cysteine-rich domain of Raf-1 and PA. Also, the RafC-PA interaction was unaffected at high ionic strength. Of all the lipids tested, only PA and cardiolipin exhibited high affinity binding; other acidic lipids were either ineffective or weakly effective. By deletion mutagenesis, the PA binding site within RafC was narrowed down to a 35-amino acid segment between residues 389 and 423. RafC did not bind phosphatidyl alcohols; also, inhibition of PA formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by treatment with 1% ethanol significantly reduced the translocation of Raf-1 from the cytosol to the membrane following stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These results suggest a potential role of the lipid second messenger, PA, in the regulation of translocation and subsequent activation of Raf-1 in vivo.
High performance 40-stage and 15-stage quantum cascade lasers based on two-material active region composition (2017)

5.6&mu;m quantum cascade lasers based on Al<sub>0.78</sub>In<sub>0.22</sub>As/In<sub>0.69</sub>Ga<sub>0.31</sub>As active region composition with measured pulsed room temperature wall plug efficiency of 28.3% are reported. Injection efficiency for the upper laser level of 75% was measured by testing devices with variable cavity length. Threshold current density of 1.7kA/cm<sup>2</sup> and slope efficiency of 4.9W/A were measured for uncoated 3.15mm x 9µm lasers. Threshold current density and slope efficiency dependence on temperature in the range from 288K to 348K can be described by characteristic temperatures T<sub>0</sub>~140K and T<sub>1</sub>~710K, respectively. Pulsed slope efficiency, threshold current density, and wallplug efficiency for a 2.1mm x 10.4µm 15-stage device with the same design and a high reflection-coated back facet were measured to be 1.45W/A, 3.1kA/cm<sup>2</sup> , and 18%, respectively. Continuous wave values for the same parameters were measured to be 1.42W/A, 3.7kA/cm<sup>2</sup> , and 12%. Continuous wave optical power levels exceeding 0.5W per millimeter of cavity length was demonstrated. When combined with the 40-stage device data, the inverse slope efficiency dependence on cavity length for 15-stage data allowed for separate evaluation of the losses originating from the active region and from the cladding layers of the laser structure. Specifically, the active region losses for the studied design were found to be 0.77cm<sup>-1</sup>, while cladding region losses – 0.33cm<sup>-1</sup>. The data demonstrate that active region losses in mid wave infrared quantum cascade lasers largely define total waveguide losses and that their reduction should be one of the main priorities in the quantum cascade laser design.
Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Intracranial Hypotension (2006)

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is not rare but it remains underdiagnosed. The spectrum of clinical and radiographic manifestations is varied, with diagnosis largely based on clinical suspicion, cranial magnetic resonance imaging, and myelography. Numerous treatment options are available, but much remains to be learned about this disorder.
Methylation of tetrakis(fod) europate NMR shift reagent byS-methyldibenzothiophenium ion (1998)

NMR and luminescence spectroscopy were combined to study S-methyldibenzothiophenium ion in the presence of the anionic shift reagent Eu(fod)4-, where fod is 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyloctane-3,5-dione. The NMR resonances of the methyl hydrogens are observed to shift from 3.4 ppm for the fluoroborate salt to 25.4 ppm for the Eu(fod)4- salt at 0.1 M concentration in chloroform-d. The thiophenium ion is observed to methylate Eu(fod)4- anion at 25°C resulting in the formation of Eu(fod)3, CH3fod and dibenzothiophene. The reaction is >95% complete in about 4 h. Evidence for the formation of dibenzothiophene and CH3fod is revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The fod enolate anion is both C- and O-methylated in nearly equal amounts. C-Methylated fod exists almost entirely in the keto form with no evidence of enol formation, consistent with semi-empirical AM1 calculations. Additional evidence supporting the methylation of Eu(fod)4- is observed in the luminescence spectrum of the Eu(III) ion. By monitoring changes in the luminescence spectrum as a function of time, the transformation of Eu(fod)4- into Eu(fod)3 is observed. S-Methylbenzothiophenium ion also methylates Eu(fod)4- but more rapidly than S-methyldibenzothiophenium cation. © 1998 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative DNA Damage in the Prostate May Predispose Men to a Higher Risk of Prostate Cancer (2009)

DNA damage has been associated with prostate cancer risk. Men who were referred for initial prostate biopsy for elevated prostate-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination are often found with no cancer but have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than the general population of men in their lifetime. In this study, we investigated whether DNA damage is one of the factors that predispose these men referred for prostate biopsies to a higher risk of prostate cancer. We found significantly elevated levels of 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine immunoreactivity in the prostates of the referred men (n = 50) in comparison to the control prostates of men (n = 32) with no indication for referral for prostate biopsy. Twelve of these control men were healthy middle-aged men and 20 of them were older men whose conditions were diagnosed with bladder cancer but with normal serum prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination and no evidence of prostate disease. In all the 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine-positive prostates, we detected phosphorylation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase and expression of the immune-stimulatory molecule MIC in the prostate epithelium. These data suggest that: 1) oxidative DNA damage has occurred in the "referred" but pathologically normal prostates, indicating that these prostates may be subjected to genomic instability and eventually neoplastic transformation; 2) in response to DNA damage, two surveillance pathways, represented by ataxia telangiectasia mutated phosphorylation and induction of the NKG2D ligand MIC, were activated to prevent tumorigenesis.
Development of GaN-Based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2009)

This paper reviews the fabrication technology and performance characteristics of optically pumped and electrically pumped GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The lasing action of optically pumped hybrid GaN-based VCSELs has been observed at room temperature due to the employment of high-quality and high-reflectivity AlN/GaN-based distributed Bragg reflectors in the VCSEL structure. Based on the device structure of the optically pumped hybrid GaN-based VCSELs, we further achieved the lasing action of electrically pumped GaN-based VCSELs under continuous-wave operation at 77 K. The laser has a threshold injection current of 1.4 mA and emits a blue wavelength at 462 nm together with a narrow linewidth of about 0.15 nm. The laser beam has a divergence angle of about 11.7deg with a polarization ratio of 80%. A very strong spontaneous coupling efficiency of 7.5 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> was measured.
A Checkpoint-Orientated Modelling for Cell Cycle Simulation (2012)

In this paper we propose a new model of cell cycle simulator which will be used to analyse checkpoint response in multicellular tumor spheroids. Whereas most of the models are phase orientated, our model integrates environmental parameters and checkpoint responses that are required to control cell cycle progression. We will present in this paper our work under progress and the different experiments to be performed in order to validate our cell cycle simulator.
Two-Dimensional Parity Checking (1961)

x] is the greatest integer k such that x => k; [x] is the least integer k such that x _~ k. Essentially different matrices cannot be made identical by row and column permutatmn.
Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project (2023)

Muscle strength is a relevant metric of aging. Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better health outcomes across all life stages; however, evidence on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and muscle strength in older adults is inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between adherence to Mediterranean diet and handgrip strength in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults from the Longevity Check-up 7+ project. A total of 2963 participants (mean age 72.8 ± 5.7 years; 54.4% women) were analyzed. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using a modified Medi-Lite score and categorized as low (≤8), good (9 to 11), or high (≥12). Handgrip strength was categorized as normal or low according to cut-points by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Older adults with lower Mediterranean diet adherence had a significantly higher prevalence of probable sarcopenia (25.9%) than those with good (19.1%) or high (15.5%) adherence. The proportion of participants with probable sarcopenia increased with age, but it remained lower in the good and high adherence groups. Logistic regression showed that greater Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia. Older age, female sex, and physical inactivity were associated with a greater risk of probable sarcopenia. Our findings emphasize the positive association between healthy lifestyles, including adherence to Mediterranean diet, and physical function in old age.