gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encoding and Decoding Models in Cognitive Electrophysiology (2017)

Cognitive neuroscience has seen rapid growth in the size and complexity of data recorded from the human brain as well as in the computational tools available to analyze this data. This data explosion has resulted in an increased use of multivariate, model-based methods for asking neuroscience questions, allowing scientists to investigate multiple hypotheses with a single dataset, to use complex, time-varying stimuli, and to study the human brain under more naturalistic conditions. These tools come in the form of "Encoding" models, in which stimulus features are used to model brain activity, and "Decoding" models, in which neural features are used to generated a stimulus output. Here we review the current state of encoding and decoding models in cognitive electrophysiology and provide a practical guide toward conducting experiments and analyses in this emerging field. Our examples focus on using linear models in the study of human language and audition. We show how to calculate auditory receptive fields from natural sounds as well as how to decode neural recordings to predict speech. The paper aims to be a useful tutorial to these approaches, and a practical introduction to using machine learning and applied statistics to build models of neural activity. The data analytic approaches we discuss may also be applied to other sensory modalities, motor systems, and cognitive systems, and we cover some examples in these areas. In addition, a collection of <i>Jupyter</i> notebooks is publicly available as a complement to the material covered in this paper, providing code examples and tutorials for predictive modeling in python. The aim is to provide a practical understanding of predictive modeling of human brain data and to propose best-practices in conducting these analyses.
Post-mortem toxicology in the diagnosis of sudden death in young and middle-aged victims. (2019)

A large fraction of SD victims had positive toxicological findings and a quarter of deaths were directly caused by toxic substances. The identification of the factors that trigger SD provides a good approach to contribute in avoiding future episodes.
部门间合作的制度化：美国政府的《戈德华特-尼科尔斯法案》 (2005)

本文认为，没有国家层面的国家安全协调机构，削弱了美国制订正确政策和实施综合战略的能力。本文主张，使美国立法的结构和文化发生变化，即2005年国家安全法案应该是1947年《国家安全法案》和政府机构版的1986年《戈德华特-尼科尔斯法案》相结合的升级体，这部法案应该通过设立新的机构使政府部门间的合作制度化。
Development of methodology for alternative testing strategies for the assessment of the toxicological profile of nanoparticles used in medical diagnostics. NanoTEST – EC FP7 project (2009)

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique, potentially beneficial properties, but their possible impact on human health is still not known. The area of nanomedicine brings humans into direct contact with NPs and it is essential for both public confidence and the nanotech companies that appropriate risk assessments are undertaken in relation to health and safety. There is a pressing need to understand how engineered NPs can interact with the human body following exposure. The FP7 project NanoTEST (www.nanotest-fp7.eu) addresses these requirements in relation to the toxicological profile of NPs used in medical diagnostics.
Catalytic, oxidant-free, direct olefination of alcohols using Wittig reagents (2015)

Reported here is the catalytic, acceptorless coupling of alcohols with in situ generated, non-stabilized phosphonium ylides to form olefins as major products. The reaction uses low catalyst loadings and does not require added oxidants. Hydrogenation of the product is minimized and the reaction leads to Z (aliphatic) or E (benzylic) stereospecificity.
Stability of a novel cationic bleach activator in aqueous solution (2005)

The hydrolytic stability of a novel cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]capro-lactam chloride, in aqueous solution has been investigated. After treatment with a bleach system, the whiteness of cotton fabric was measured. Assessment of the available oxygen was used to assess the stability of the bleach activator in solution with respect to time, using a method which minimised the effect of hydrogen peroxide on total available oxygen. Whereas the N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benz-oyl]caprolactam chloride in solid form was found to be stable, in aqueous solution it was relatively easily hydrolysed. The effect of pH on its stability in solution was assessed. A good correlation was found between change in available oxygen on storage and bleaching performance.
Multifaceted Implantable Anticancer Device for Potential Postsurgical Breast Cancer Treatment: A Single Platform for Synergistic Inhibition of Local Regional Breast Cancer Recurrence, Surveillance, and Healthy Breast Reconstruction (2017)

Abstract An implantable anticancer device (IAD) amenable to eradicate local regional recurrence (LRR) of breast cancer as well as to enhance the breast reconstruction during/after therapy is proposed for the first time. The IAD is fabricated by incorporating the superparamagnetic graphene oxide doxorubicin nanocomposite of size ≈200 nm in a nanofiber matrix to enable the sustained and tumor specific anticancer drug release over 60 d in vitro with a minimum initial burst release and the repeated hyperthermic capability in an alternating magnetic field to ensure the synergistic inhibition of LRR. The IAD also enriches the reconstruction of poor breast cosmesis that resulted from the surgical treatment by supporting the lipofilling of the surgical residual cavity to induce the adipogenic process. Moreover, the noninvasive monitoring capability of IAD through magnetic resonance imaging augments to the effective patient care. Thus, this work reports a new and reliable concept by introducing the multifunctional IAD possessing enhanced specificity with a real‐time monitoring capability and long‐term anticancer efficacy as a potential platform for synergistic inhibition of LRR and a great promise for the in situ breast reconstruction ability for better breast cosmesis.
Towards constructive nonlinear control systems analysis and design (2012)

This work presents a novel method to solve analysis and design problems for nonlinear control systems, the classical solutions of which rely on the solvability, or on the solution itself, of partial differential equations or inequalities. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of nonlinear systems. The notion of Dynamic Lyapunov function is introduced. These functions allow to study stability properties of equilibrium points, similarly to standard Lyapunov functions. In the former, however, a positive definite function is combined with a dynamical system that render Dynamic Lyapunov functions easier to construct than Lyapunov functions. These ideas are then extended to characterize Dynamic Controllability and Observability functions, which are exploited in the model reduction problem for nonlinear systems. Constructive solutions to the L2-disturbance attenuation and the optimal control problems are proposed in the second part of the thesis. The key aspect of these solutions is the definition of Dynamic Value functions that, generalizing Dynamic Lyapunov functions, consist of a dynamical feedback and a positive definite function. In the last part of the thesis a similar approach is utilized to simplify the observer design problem via the Immersion and Invariance technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the methodologies is illustrated by means of several applications, including range estimation and the optimal robust control of mechanical systems, combustion engine test benches and the air path of a diesel engine.
BURYING BY RATS IN RESPONSE TO AVERSIVE AND NONAVERSIVE STIMULI (1981)

Previous investigations have shown that rats bury a variety of conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimuli. Such burying has been considered as a species-typical defensive reaction. In the present studies, rats buried spouts filled with Tabasco sauce, or condensed milk to which a taste aversion was conditioned, but did not bury water-filled spouts or spouts filled with a palatable novel food (apple juice) to which a taste aversion was not conditioned. However, in other experiments rats consistently and repeatedly buried Purina Rat Chow, Purina Rat Chow coated with quinine, and glass marbles. This indicates that a variety of stimuli, not all aversive or novel, evoke burying by rats. Whereas the behavior may reasonably be considered as a species-typical defensive behavior in some situations, the wide range of conditions that occasion burying suggests that the behavior has no single biological function.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Zinc Borate Oxides Containing Isolated Trigonal Planar BO3 Units: Zn5Mn(BO3)2O4 and ZnFe(BO3)O. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In situ thermal ablation augments antitumor efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> The aim of this study is to investigate whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) improves the efficacy of adoptive T cell immunotherapy in preclinical mouse cancer models.<b>Method:</b> Mice implanted subcutaneously (<i>sc</i>) with syngeneic colon adenocarcinoma or melanoma were treated with sub-curative <i>in situ</i> RFA (90 °C, 1 min). Trafficking of T cells to lymph nodes (LN) or tumors was quantified by homing assays and intravital microscopy (IVM) after sham procedure or RFA. Expression of trafficking molecules (CCL21 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]) on high endothelial venules (HEV) in LN and tumor vessels was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Tumor-bearing mice were pretreated with RFA to investigate the therapeutic benefit when combined with adoptive transfer of <i>in vitro</i>-activated tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells.<b>Results:</b> RFA increased trafficking of naïve CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to tumor-draining LN (TdLN). A corresponding increase in expression of ICAM-1 and CCL21 was detected on HEV in TdLN but not in contralateral (c)LN. IVM revealed that RFA substantially enhanced secondary firm arrest of lymphocytes selectively in HEV in TdLN. Furthermore, strong induction of ICAM-1 in tumor vessels was associated with significantly augmented trafficking of adoptively transferred <i>in vitro</i>-activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to tumors after RFA. Finally, preconditioning tumors with RFA augmented CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated apoptosis of tumor targets and delayed growth of established tumors when combined with adoptive T cell transfer immunotherapy.<b>Conclusions:</b> These studies suggest that in addition to its role as a palliative therapeutic modality, RFA may have clinical potential as an immune-adjuvant therapy by augmenting the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy.
A low-cost circuit for fabricating anodic oxide films (1986)

An inexpensive electronic circuit is described for constant current-constant voltage anodic oxidation. The circuit consists of a constant current source, a constant voltage source and a comparator. The constant current source and constant voltage source are built around 723 voltage regulators. A 741 operational amplifier is used as a comparator. The constant current can be preset in the range 0.5-20.0 mA. The constant voltage and the switch-over voltage can be independently preset in the range 0-250 V DC.
DuratiNet - Durable Transport Infrastructures in the Atlantic Area (2010)

International audience
Targeting Hsp90 and its co-chaperones to treat Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Although Hsp90 inhibitors have proven their efficacy at reducing tau pathology, they have yet to meet with success in the clinic. The development of Hsp90/tau complex-specific inhibitors and further development of Hsp90 co-chaperone-specific drugs should yield more potent, less toxic therapeutics.
Photonic band gap of multiferroic-dielectric materials in the IR region: FDTD method (2019)

In this report, we present an investigation of the optical properties and band structure calculations for the photonic structures based on the multiferroic materials- BaMnF4. We calculate the photonic bands and optical properties of BaMnF4/LiNbO3 based photonic crystal. We study the photonic band gap and optical properties of the photonic structures, numerically analyzed in the IR frequency region by using the FDTD method for various incidence angles, number of periods in the PC and the nature/geometry of the materials.
Should stereotypic movement synergies in hemiparetic patients be considered adaptive? (1996)

Abstract The motor deficits observed in patients following some lesions of the central nervous system may be viewed as falling at one extreme of the continuum of possible motor behaviours. They are usually associated with an impaired ability to select and control specific movements from the available repertoire. Such movements may not be viewed as abnormal. However, it is unlikely that the primary motor deficits can all be considered adaptive.
Seismic structure of the crust and upper mantle in the Peace River Arch Region, Canada (1989)

Four intersecting ∼300‐km‐long reversed refraction lines within northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia have been interpreted for crustal and upper mantle seismic velocity structure in the Peace River Arch (PRA) region of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The data have been modeled using a two‐dimensional ray trace forward modeling approach based on asymptotic ray theory to match travel times and amplitudes of first and coherent later arrivals. In addition, an inversion of first arrival travel times along a fan shot profile has been performed to constrain crustal thickness northwest of the arch in a region not sampled by the reversed profiles. The major features of the structural models are (1) weak to moderate lateral variations in crustal structure with no evidence of significant layering or thick low‐velocity zones within the crust, (2) an average sub‐basement RMS crustal velocity of 6.6 km/s, average upper mantle velocity of 8.25 km/s and average crustal thickness of 40 km, (3) regional variations in structure which appear related to the dominant N‐S trending cratonic structure, including crustal thickness, upper crustal and upper mantle velocities and P m P character, and (4) subtle variations in structure that may be associated with the E‐W trending Devonian axis of the PRA, including a shallowing of high lower crustal velocities, thickening of the crust, and an anisotropic P m P character beneath the arch and a weak trend in the dip of intracrustal reflectors away from the center of the PRA region. Evidence from the refraction and other geophysical data for the presence of a local crustal expression of the PRA is weak, but suggests a thermal as opposed to flexural origin for its anomalous vertical movements.
Free flow electrophoresis for the separation of CdTe nanoparticles (2009)

Nanoparticles with narrow size distribution are the cornerstones for better quantum electronics and optics, biological applications, and therapeutic devices. In this communication, we present a new and simple means to separate CdTe nanoparticles into more mono-dispersed size groups by the free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) technique. One of the most significant challenges of the field is fast fractionation of nanoparticle dispersions in aqueous media. We successfully achieved one-step separation of standard CdTe nanoparticles into partitions with different particle diameters and potentially other structural features, while retaining strong fluorescence. As much as 51% reduction in the half-width of the luminescence peak can be achieved after FFE fractionation. Quantum yields found in different partitions agree with the particle growth model suggested earlier which is important for fundamental studies of nanoscale nucleation. XPS analysis indicated the composition of CdTe nanoparticles remained similar before and after separation and suggests that FFE also provides a route for nanoparticle purification by removing excess stabilizer and impurities, which could be extended to other nanoparticle dispersions.
Gas-Phase Pyridylamination of Saccharides:  Development and Applications (2007)

Pyridylamination is a versatile method for fluorescence labeling of oligosaccharides. The technique affords sensitive detection of saccharides with reducing termini and high-resolution separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. The conventional method, based on a liquid-phase reaction, has been extensively used in various aspects of glycobiology and glycotechnology. Unfortunately, the necessity for removing excess 2-aminopyridine makes the technique both laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, removal of excess reagent can result in a significant loss of short saccharide components. In the present paper, we report an alternative methodology based on a "gas-phase" reaction, in which dried saccharides are reacted with vaporized 2-aminopyridine. The resultant Schiff base was also reduced in the gas phase within the same reaction microtube using a purpose-built device. The newly developed procedure was applied to both monosaccharide (GlcNAc) and oligosaccharides (isomalto-oligosaccharides) at quantitative yields with no requirement to remove excess reagent. The acid-labile sialyl linkages of alpha2-6-disialobiantennary oligosaccharides proved to be fully stable during the procedure. The developed method was also successfully applied to profiling N-linked oligosaccharides liberated from glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis and, thus, should contribute to various fields of glycomics.
Temporary Cross-clamping of the Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta During Cesarean Hysterectomy to Control Operative Blood Loss in Placenta Previa Increta/Percreta (2010)

With this limited experience, we are encouraged by the apparent reduction in operative blood loss after the use of temporary cross-clamping of the infrarenal abdominal aorta during cesarean hysterectomy. Further investigation is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of this procedure.
The Role of the Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease (2012)

Antony van Leeuwenhoek’s observation of “animalcules” in the tarter of teeth in 1683 marked the beginning of humans trying to understand their relationship with microbes. Now com‐ monly referred to as “bacteria” or the “microbiota”, we share our inner and outer space with these single-celled organisms. They are present all around us in the oceans, soil, leaves, and even air [1]. One of the microbial niches that has recently garnered much attention is the human body. In this niche, we share the table with 1014 microbial cells, which outnumber our eukary‐ otic cells ten to one [1, 2]. These organisms colonize most body sites, including the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal, urogenital and respiratory tracts. Additionally, there is 150 times more genetic material associated with our resident bacteria when compared to our own DNA and comprise what is known as our body’s “second genome,” a concept recently reviewed by Zhu et al. [3]. In an effort to understand the role that these organisms have on human development, health and disease, the National Institutes of Health launched the “Human Microbiome Project” in 2007 in an effort to elucidate this host-microbe interaction [4-6].
MiR-154 controls alveologenesis in lung development via TGF-β signaling (2018)

MiR-154 is abundant in neonatal lungs and has been associated with several lung diseases (e.g. IPF). Experimental evidence for a direct effect of miR-154 on lung development is still lacking.
Influence of the inverter's modulation technique on the audible noise of electric motors (2012)

The noise emissions of inverter-driven electric motors are highly influenced by additional electromagnetic noise generated by the current harmonics from inverter operation. The amplitude and the frequency of these harmonics depend on the modulation technique applied in the power electronic converter. Purpose of this paper is to highlight the important role that the modulation techniques play in the noise generation in variable speed drives and analyze the different characteristics of the current harmonics as well as of the generated noise. A good understanding of the available choices and their characteristics, advantages and limitations is necessary in order to optimize the acoustic design of the “motor-converter” system.
Study of a dual frequency atmospheric pressure corona plasma (2010)

Radio frequency mixing of 2 and 13.56 MHz was investigated by performing experimental measurements on the atmospheric pressure corona plasma. As a result of the dual frequency, length, current density, and electron excitation temperature of the plasma were increased, while the gas temperature was maintained at roughly the same level when compared to the respective single frequency plasmas. Moreover, observation of time-resolved images revealed that the dual frequency plasma has a discharge mode of 2 MHz positive streamer, 2 MHz negative glow, and 13.56 MHz continuous glow.
Dynamics of the Human Infectious Reservoir for Malaria Determined by Mosquito Feeding Assays and Ultrasensitive Malaria Diagnosis in Burkina Faso (2015)

Our study reveals that the infectious reservoir peaks at the start of the wet season, with prominent roles for infections in children and submicroscopic infections. These findings have important consequences for strategies and the timing of interventions, which need to include submicroscopic infections and be implemented in the dry season.
Multi‐parameter quantitative mapping of R1, R2*, PD, and MTsat is reproducible when accelerated with Compressed SENSE (2022)

Multi-parameter mapping (MPM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides quantitative estimates of the longitudinal and effective transverse relaxation rates R1 and R2*, proton density (PD), and magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat). Thereby, MPM enables better comparability across sites and time than conventional weighted MRI. However, for MPM, several contrasts must be acquired, resulting in prolonged measurement durations and thus preventing MPM's application in clinical routines. State-of-the-art imaging acceleration techniques such as Compressed SENSE (CS), a combination of compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding, can be used to reduce the scan time of MPM. However, the accuracy and precision of the resulting quantitative parameter maps have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we therefore investigated the effect of CS acceleration on the fidelity and reproducibility of MPM acquisitions. In five healthy volunteers and in a phantom, we compared MPM metrics acquired without imaging acceleration, with the standard acceleration (SENSE factor 2.5), and with Compressed SENSE with acceleration factors 4 and 6 using a 32-channel head coil. We evaluated the reproducibility and repeatability of accelerated MPM using data from three scan sessions in gray and white matter volumes-of-interest (VOIs). Accelerated MPM provided precise and accurate quantitative parameter maps. For most parameters, the results of the CS-accelerated protocols correlated more strongly with the non-accelerated protocol than the standard SENSE-accelerated protocols. Furthermore, for most VOIs and contrasts, coefficients of variation were lower when calculated from data acquired with different imaging accelerations within a single scan session than from data acquired in different scan sessions with the same acceleration method. These results suggest that MPM with Compressed SENSE acceleration factors up to at least 6 yields reproducible quantitative parameter maps that are highly comparable to those acquired without imaging acceleration. Compressed SENSE can thus be used to considerably reduce the scan duration of R1, R2*, PD, and MTsat mapping, and is highly promising for clinical applications of MPM.