gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treat-and-Extend Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (2014)

Treatment of BRVO-associated ME with IVB using a TAE regimen resulted in similar visual outcomes and number of intravitreal injections as did as-needed treatment with 0.5 mg ranibizumab conducted in phase 3 trials but with fewer visits and lower annual medical costs.
Classifying neural responses to familiar and unfamiliar people over viewing distances in face and body selective areas (2015)

The visual quality of face and body information varies continually as we observe a person approach from a distance. We investigated whether and when neural responses to familiar and unfamiliar people could be discriminated in face- and body-selective brain regions during an approach. Participants were familiarized with identities using close-up and distant videos of the individuals. Next, in an fMRI scanner, they viewed 8s videos of familiar and unfamiliar people approaching from a distance (13.6m). Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was applied to classify the neural activity patterns elicited in response to familiar and unfamiliar people in three ROIs: face-selective voxels, body-selective voxels, and a broader area of ventral temporal cortex defined by significant differences in responses to faces, bodies, and objects (“FBO voxels”). Using cross-validation, we computed classifier accuracy (d’) for discriminating neural responses to familiar and unfamiliar people at different times (i.e., viewing distances) in the video. Each 8s video scan time was divided into 4 TRs, each capturing 2s of video time, yielding four “distance windows.” Beginning by classifying neural activity collected across the entire video, we were able to discriminate responses to familiar and unfamiliar people in 10 of the 12 participants, for at least one of the ROIs. For these participants, the classifier was applied independently within the four distance windows. Classification accuracy depended jointly on the viewing distance window and the ROI, F(6,54)=2.73, p=.02, with no main effects of ROI or distance. In FBO and body-selective voxels, classification accuracy peaked in the third distance window (d’=0.88 and 0.64, respectively). In the face-selective ROI, accuracy peaked in the closest distance window (d’=0.56), when the face was most prominent in the video. The degree of neural response separation in response to familiar and unfamiliar people reflects the relative quality of face and body information over varying distances. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015
Odor discrimination and memory in Korsakoff's psychosis. (1980)

Korsakoff's syndrome is an organic brain disease, characterized by severe amnesia, that has been associated with olfactory perceptual deficits. Two experiments utilized normal observers to describe the effect of similarity on odor recognition memory and to develop methodology to measure odor discrimination and memory in patients with Korsakoff's disease. The results demonstrate an impaired capacity to discriminate between odors among patients with this disease that is not attributable to impaired sensitivity or to rapid decay of memory stores. These results are compared with results from animals with lesions affecting the medial layer of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and its neocortical projections. This structure is consistently damaged in Korsakoff's disease and receives a major input from primary olfactory cortex.
The impact of Acremonium endophytes in New Zealand, past, present and future (1990)

This paper reviews some of the current practical and economic implications of Acremonium endophytes of ryegrass and tall fescue in New Zealand grassland agriculture. A historical perspective of their discovery and possible future implications of a new "novel" endophyte strain are also covered. Keywords Acremonium, endophyte, ryegrass, Lolium, tall fescue, staggers, Argentine stem weevil, clover, liveweight gains
El estudio prospectivo europeo sobre cáncer y nutrición (EPIC) (2004)

EPIC is a prospective multi-center study coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) operating under the WHO which commenced in 1993 with the collecting of data and blood samples at twenty-three centers in ten European countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom and Sweden). In Spain, this study was conducted in five geographic areas (Asturias, Granada, Guipuzcoa, Murcia and Navarre). This study included a total of 519,978 individuals (366,521 of whom were females), blood samples for laboratory analysis being available for a total of 385,719 of these individuals. To date, a total of 24,195 incident cancer cases have been identified. The results of the food intake comparison among the twenty-three European centers were published in 2002, in a European Nutrition journal supplement. The initial EPIC results concerning the relationship between diet and cancer show the intake of fiber, fruits and vegetables to have an effect on protect against colon and rectal cancer, the intake of fruits to have an effect on protect against lung cancer and the intake of fruits and vegetables on the upper digestive tract, whilst a high intake of fruits and vegetables has been shown to have no effect on prostate cancer. Using a seven-day diary for evaluating saturated fat intake, a high intake of saturated fats has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer.
Persuading the Public: New Face Values For the 21st Century (2012)

Abstract This article presents the story of James Partridge who survived extensive, disfiguring burns sustained in a car accident at the age of 18. James's case highlights the immense challenges inherent in changing social and societal attitudes, but he feels optimistic that this change can be achieved. He highlights the role lay-led organizations can play in this process by outlining his charity's recent campaign to promote ‘Face Equality’, and describing a series of posters of people with visible differences which have been displayed in many cities in England and which were designed to raise awareness, educate, and challenge viewers.
Blockade of electrical activity promotes the death of mammalian retinal ganglion cells in culture. (1986)

During the first 2 postnatal weeks, up to 50% of the ganglion cells in the mammalian retina normally die. Natural cell death may result from several factors, and electrical activity has been proposed as one critical element. Recent experiments in vivo using intraocular injection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) have suggested that competition for survival between ganglion cells from the two eyes is mediated by their degree of neuronal activity. In addition, the level of activity of afferents to the ganglion cells has been postulated to be an important variable in determining their survival. To investigate the mechanism of cell death engendered by altered activity, I studied the effect of electrical blockade with TTX (to block sodium channels and thus action potentials) or low Ca/high Mg (to block transmitter release and hence synaptic activity) on individual neurons in vitro. For this purpose, identified retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from postnatal rats were maintained in culture. Unlike the previous in vivo experiments, this approach permitted the exact concentration of each agent to be controlled and the electrical activity of the RGCs to be recorded. In cultures from animals of postnatal day 2-10 (P2-10), 1 microM TTX or 0.2 mM Ca/20 mM Mg resulted in the death of about 50% of the RGCs, representing those cells that had displayed spontaneous electrical activity, but did not affect RGCs that lacked activity. However, the death of RGCs with spontaneous activity from P11-13 animals was not influenced by these drugs. These findings suggest that during a critical period of development neurons become dependent upon electrical activity, and the cessation of this activity can result in their death. In addition, conditioned medium, collected from cultures lacking TTX, rescued from death a large proportion of TTX-treated RGCs. Thus, the critical element for survival may represent modulation of a trophic factor related to the level of activity rather than electrical activity itself. Since, in vivo, natural cell death occurs in neurons of similar type and age, and in the same proportion as that induced by the artificial blockade of electrical activity in culture, these findings may be germane to the mechanism of natural cell death in the retina.
A generic dynamic programming Matlab function (2009)

This paper introduces a generic dynamic programming function for Matlab. This function solves discrete-time optimal-control problems using Bellman's dynamic programming algorithm. The function is implemented such that the user only needs to provide the objective function and the model equations. The function includes several options for solving optimal-control problems. The model equations can include several state variables and input variables. Furthermore, the model equations can be time-variant and include time-variant state and input constraints. The syntax of the function is explained using two examples. The first is the well-known Lotka-Volterra fishery problem and the second is a parallel hybrid-electric vehicle optimization problem.
Comparison of metabolic rates, language, and memory in subcortical aphasias. [Tomographic studies using /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglulcose] (1981)

Four patients with subcortical lesions and either aphasia or amnesia were compared to four patients with cortical lesions and aphasia. Each patient had /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography and language and memory evaluations. Metabolic depression was found in the thalamus and caudate in both groups, while only the cortical group showed cortical changes. Language changes were mild in the subcortical, while moderate to severe in the cortical group. Both groups showed severe verbal memory dysfunction. The only common abnormalities in the two groups were metabolic changes in thalamus, and severity of verbal memory dysfunction. These findings suggest a relationship between verbal memory and thalamic function.
Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Assignment, and Divergent Enantioselective Enzymatic Recognition of Larreatricin (2018)

A concise and efficient total synthesis of the lignan natural product larreatricin as well as an unambiguous assignment of configuration of its enantiomers are reported, resolving a long-held controversy. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that different polyphenol oxidases show high and remarkably divergent enantioselective recognition of this secondary metabolite.
Cholesterol Regulates VEGFR-1 (FLT-1) Expression and Signaling in Acute Leukemia Cells (2011)

VEGF receptors 1 (FLT-1) and 2 (KDR) are expressed on subsets of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia cells, in which they induce cell survival, proliferation, and migration. However, little is known about possible cofactors that regulate VEGF receptor expression and activation on leukemia cells. Here we show that cholesterol accumulates in leukemia-rich sites within bone marrow of xenotransplanted severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that cholesterol-rich domains might regulate FLT-1 signaling and chemotaxis of acute leukemias. We then showed that FLT-1 accumulates in discrete cholesterol-rich membrane domains where it associates with caveolin-1 and that placenta growth factor (PlGF)/VEGF stimulation promotes FLT-1 localization in such cholesterol-rich domains. Accordingly, FLT-1 localization and its phosphorylation are abrogated by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which removes cellular cholesterol, and by nystatin, an inhibitor of lipid-raft endocytosis. Mechanistically, cholesterol increases FLT-1 expression and promotes PlGF/VEGF-induced leukemia cells viability and also induces VEGF production by the leukemia cells in vitro. Taken together, we conclude that cholesterol regulates VEGF:VEGFR-1 signaling on subsets of acute leukemias, modulating cell migration, and viability, which may be crucial for disease progression. Finally, we provide evidence obtained from human AML samples that primary leukemia cells accumulate significantly more cholesterol than do normal cells and that cholesterol accumulation correlates with disease aggressiveness.
Effects of Intravesical Instillation of Resiniferatoxin on Bladder Function and Nociceptive Behavior in Freely Moving, Conscious Rats (2007)

The intravesical instillation of resiniferatoxin, which decreases bladder capacity, acts by at least 3 distinct mechanisms to induce licking behavior, including 1) an immediate response mediated by the activation of urethral afferents in the pudendal nerve, 2) a late response evoked by the direct stimulation of C-fiber afferents in the bladder and 3) gradual facilitation of the response elicited by the bladder wall distention induced by rapid bladder filling.
Method of chaotic mixing and improved stirred tank reactors (2023)

The invention provides a method and apparatus for efficiently achieving a homogeneous mixture of fluid components by introducing said components having a Reynolds number of between about .ltoreq.1 to about 500 into a vessel and continuously perturbing the mixing flow by altering the flow speed and mixing time until homogeniety is reached. This method prevents the components from aggregating into non-homogeneous segregated regions within said vessel during mixing and substantially reduces the time the admixed components reach homogeneity.
Monolithic colliding-pulse mode-locked quantum well lasers (1991)

Absfrucf-Integration of the whole mode-locked laser onto a excitation and optical output are produced. These produce single piece of semiconductor offers a great deal of advantages, including total elimination of optical alignment processes, im-proved mechanical stability, and the generation of short optical Dulses at much hieher reDetition freauencies. We utilize the significant frequency chirp [111 and timing jitter [121 as-sociated with the gain-switched optical pulses. properties Short Optical pulses with very Pure semiconductor lase; processing technologies to implement the colliding-pulse mode-locking (CPM) scheme, which is known to and low timing jitter can be obtained by mode-locked semiconductor lasers. Earlier works have successfullv re-effectively shorten the pulses and increase stability, on a mini-ature monolithic semiconductor cavity. In this paper, we re-Dulse mode-locked auantum-well lasers.
Activity-guided Isolation and Identification of Free Radical-scavenging Components from Ethanolic Extract of Boneset (Leaves of Eupatorium Perfoliatum) (2008)

Activity-directed fractionation and isolation procedures were used to identify the antioxidant components of Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum). Dried powdered leaves were extracted with ethanol and subsequently fractionated into light petroleum, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction, which showed the strongest antioxidant activity, reducing power and highest phenolic content, was subjected to Sephadex LH-20 chromatography followed by repetitive preparative TLC to afford protocatechuic acid as the major antioxidant constituent, together with small amounts of other antioxidants (hyperoside, quercetin and rutin). Similar treatment of the n-butanol fraction, the second most potent fraction, yielded predominantly rutin and a trace amount of hyperoside as active constituents. The identity of the compounds was established based on direct comparison of spectral data (UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS) with those of authentic samples and literature values.
Quantitative Analysis of Solid-State Homonuclear Correlation Spectra of Antiparallel β-Sheet Alanine Tetramers (2018)

Poly-l-alanine (PLA) sequences are a key element in the structure of the crystalline domains of spider dragline silks, wild silkworm silks, antifreeze proteins, and amyloids. To date, no atomic-level structures of antiparallel (AP)-PLA longer than Ala4 have been reported using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In this work, dipolar-assisted rotational resonance solid-state NMR spectra were observed to determine the effective internuclear distances of 13C uniformly labeled alanine tetramer with antiparallel (AP) β-sheet structure whose atomic coordinates are determined from the X-ray crystallographic analysis. Initial build-up rates, Rj,k, were obtained from the build-up curves of the cross peaks by considering the internuclear distances arising in the master equation. Subsequently, experimentally obtained effective internuclear distances, reffj,k(obs), were compared with the calculated reffj,k(calc) values obtained from the X-ray crystallographic data. Fairly good correlation between reffj,k(obs) and reffj,k(calc) was obtained in the range of 1.0–6.0 Å, with the standard deviation of 0.244 Å, without considering the zero-quantum line-shape functions. It was further noted that the internuclear distances of intermolecular contributions provide details relating to the molecular packing in solid-state samples. Thus, the present data agree well with AP-β-sheet packing but do not agree with P-β-sheet packing.
Improved long-term expression from helper virus-free HSV-1 vectors packaged using combinations of mutated HSV-1 proteins that include the UL13 protein kinase and specific components of the VP16 transcriptional complex (2009)

Vector particles containing this combination of mutated HSV-1 proteins improve recombinant gene expression. Implications of these results for strategies to further improve long-term expression are discussed. Moreover, long-term expression will benefit specific gene therapy applications.
Pace of Aging as a Marker of General Health (2021)

Aging clocks are a type of a statistical model able to estimate the intensity of the basic aging processes based on a set of biomarkers, such as data from blood panels, wearable trackers, psychological survey etc. This technology holds great potential in the healthcare industry due to its diagnostic and prognostic properties.
A New Adaptive Two-Stage Maximum-Likelihood Decoding Algorithm for Linear Block Codes (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new two-stage (TS) structure for computationally efficient maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) of linear block codes. With this structure, near optimal MLD performance can be achieved at low complexity through TS processing. The first stage of processing estimates a minimum sufficient set (MSS) of candidate codewords that contains the optimal codeword, while the second stage performs optimal or suboptimal decoding search within the estimated MSS of small size. Based on the new structure, we propose a decoding algorithm that systematically trades off between the decoding complexity and the bounded block error rate performance. A low-complexity complementary decoding algorithm is developed to estimate the MSS, followed by an ordered algebraic decoding (OAD) algorithm to achieve flexible system design. Since the size of the MSS changes with the signal-to-noise ratio, the overall decoding complexity adaptively scales with the quality of the communication link. Theoretical analysis is provided to evaluate the potential complexity reduction enabled by the proposed decoding structure.
Histomorphometry and micro‐computed tomography of bone augmentation under a titanium membrane (2005)

The total bone volume measured underneath a membrane using the micro-CT when compared with histological sections remained within a 16% error. This is because of the scattering effect of the metallic membrane and the impossibility to distinguish newly formed bone from the original skull bone on the micro-CT images.
Deception in Electronic Goods and Services (2011)

Deception is a frequent but under appreciated aspect of human society (Eckman, 2001). Deception in electronic goods and services is facilitated by the difficulty of verifying details in the limited information available in cyberspace (Mintz, 2002). Fear of being deceived (often unjustified) is in fact a major obstacle to wider use of e-commerce and e-government by the public. One survey reported consumers thought fraud on the Internet was 12 times more common than offline fraud, and 3 out of 5 people thought their credit card number could be stolen in most online transactions (Allen, 2001); both are overestimates. We assess here the nature of the deception threat, how deception can be detected, and what can be done about it. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Гидропривод вентилятора для системы охлаждения автомобильного двигателя (2011)

The article discusses the use of hydraulic fan for car engine cooling, and includes schematic dolutions.
The effect in ewes of source and level of dietary protein on milk yield, and the relationship between the intestinal supply of non-ammonia nitrogen and the production of milk protein (1982)

ABSTRACT Individually penned Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes in early lactation, and each suckling two lambs, were used to test the effects on milk yield, milk composition and the concentrations of some plasma constituents of supplementing a basal diet with either urea, groundnut, soya bean, linseed, fish, meat and bone, or blood meal. The basal diet contained 94 g crude protein and 10 MJ of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter and supplied daily 0·3 MJ of metabolizable energy per kg body weight. Except for urea, which was tested at an inclusion rate that increased the protein (nitrogen × 6·25) content of the basal diet by 43 g/kg, the remaining sources were tested at three levels, corresponding to increases in protein content of 34,60 and 86 g/kg. Daily milk yields were 1·92 and 2·08 kg for ewes given the basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with urea. For the high inclusion rates of each protein source the following daily yields were obtained (kg): groundnut, 2·26; soya bean, 2·45; meat and bone, 2·49; linseed, 2·68; fish, 2·84; and blood meal, 2·91. The daily yields of true protein in milk were (g): basal diet, 76; basal diet plus urea, 80; groundnut, 104; soya bean, 107; meat and bone, 105; linseed, 112; fish, 136; and blood meal, 125. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids did not appear to support the hypothesis that the milk yield response to protein is accomplished solely by increases in tissue energy loss. The increment in the amount of non-ammonia nitrogen reaching the abomasum as a result of the low levels of inclusion of the protein sources in the basal diet was used for the production of true protein-nitrogen in milk with an efficiency of 0·58.
An 8$\,\times\,$5 Gb/s Parallel Receiver With Collaborative Timing Recovery (2009)

This paper presents the design of an 8 channel, 5 & Gb/s per channel parallel receiver with collaborative timing recovery and no forwarded clock. The receiver architecture exploits synchrony in the transmitted data streams in a parallel interface and combines error information from multiple phase detectors in the receiver to produce one global synthesized clock. This collaborative timing recovery scheme enables wideband jitter tracking without increasing the dithering jitter in the synthesized clock. Circuit design techniques employed to implement this receiver architecture are discussed. Experimental results from a 130 nm CMOS test chip demonstrate the enhanced tracking bandwidth and lower dithering jitter of the recovered clock.