gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient multijunction thin film silicon based photocathodes for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting (2015)

We report on the application of multijunction thin film silicon based photocathodes for solar water splitting. Multijunction solar cells allow for high photovoltages, well above the thermodynamically required 1.23 V to drive the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. However, the use of such solar cells in integrated water splitting devices imposes considerable challenges, in particular at the solar cell/electrolyte interface concerning catalysis and chemical stability. In this regard, we integrate different metal layers at the solar cell/electrolyte interface and evaluate their catalytic and stability properties.The performance of the photocathodes, with respect to photocurrent densities and onset potentials for cathodic current were evaluated in a 3-electrode configuration. By using tandem, triple and quadruple junction photocathodes, the onset potentials can be tuned between 1.3 V and 2.5 V vs. RHE. We demonstrate, that the high excess-voltage allows for the substitution of precious metal catalysts, like platinum, by more abundant materials, like nickel, without impairing the device performance. The ability to provide self-contained solar water splitting over a prolonged period of time is demonstrated in a 2-electrode configuration with an impressive solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 8.6 %.Modeling the current-voltage characteristics of the water splitting device shows good agreement with experimental results and allows for an analysis of the relevant system losses.
Non-Viral Engineering of Skin Precursor-Derived Schwann Cells for Enhanced NT-3 Production in Adherent and Microcarrier Culture (2012)

Genetic engineering of stem cells and their derivatives has the potential to enhance their regenerative capabilities. Here, dendrimer- and lipofection-based approaches were used for non-viral neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) over-expression in Schwann cells differentiated from skin precursors (SKP-SCs). A variety of dendrimers were first tested for transfection efficiency on HEK 293T cells, with PAMAMNH2 G4 found most effective and used subsequently for SKP-SCs transfection. Plasmid-based expression resulted in increased NT-3 release from SKP-SCs in both adherent and microcarrier-based culture. In a proof-of-concept study, the microcarrier/SKP-SCs were implanted into the injured nerve, and transfected cells were shown to detach, integrate into the nerve tissue and associate with regenerating axons. Virus-free systems for transient neurotrophin expression are a feasible and biologically safe option to increase the therapeutic value of stem cells and stem cell-derived cells in nerve repair strategies. Further work to develop bioprocesses for expansion of SKP-SCs on microcarriers in bioreactors is still needed.
Real time radar target detection under jamming conditions using wavelet transform on FPGA device (2002)

An architecture and a prototype implementation of radar target detection under jamming condition are presented. This paper presents an implementation based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The algorithm designed in this paper is based on multiresolution wavelet analysis, calculation of the wavelet maxima coefficients, integration of the maxima coefficients and identification of the target pulse edges from unwanted coefficients. The implementation occupies about 2500 configurable logic blocks on a Xilinx XC4000XLA family FPGA.
SPH computation of incompressible viscous flows (2002)

The paper is concerned with the numerical flow computation using the method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Fundamental concepts of the method are briefly recalled. Physical aspects of the incompressibility and its mathematical formulation are described. A new proposal for the incompressibility constraint is put forward in the SPH context. Numerical implementation of the method is described and main parts of the algorithm are presented, including the issue of boundary conditions. Some validation cases and examples of results for viscous flows are presented.
Determination of fault-tolerant fabric-cutting schedules in a just-in-time apparel manufacturing environment (2006)

In apparel manufacturing, accurate upstream fabric-cutting planning is crucial for the smoothness of downstream sewing operations. Effective and reliable fabric-cutting schedules are difficult to obtain because the apparel manufacturing environment is fuzzy and dynamic. In this paper, genetic algorithms and fuzzy-set theory are used to generate fault-tolerant fabric-cutting schedules in a just-in-time production environment. The proposed method is demonstrated by two cases with production data collected from a Hong Kong-owned garment production plant in China. Results of the two cases preliminarily show that the genetically improved fault-tolerant schedules effectively satisfy the demand for downstream production units, guarantee consistent and reliable system performance, and also reduce production costs through reduced operator idle time. More cases will be conducted in order to further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
SAT-314 Pituitary and Neuroendocrine Tumors Exhibit Distinct Transcriptomes on Single Cell RNA Sequencing (2020)

Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a group of complex heterogeneous and increasingly prevalent neoplasms. They arise from diverse body regions, share derivation from primitive neuronal stem cells, secrete various bioactive peptides and exhibit a wide spectrum of tumor behavior from relatively indolent to rapidly progressive. Pituitary tumors represent 20% of intracranial tumors and share some features of NET histo-pathologic morphology, their excess hormone production and some have proposed re-naming pituitary tumors as PitNETs. However there has been no precise cell type composition comparison at the whole genome level in these two types of tumors. To explore intratumoral heterogeneity at a single cell resolution in pituitary and pancreatic NETs, we employed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze in parallel cell populations from surgically resected pituitary tumors (n=4) and pancreatic NETs (pNET, n=2) using a 10x Genomics platform (v3). Using Cell Ranger pipeline for alignment and mapping, we obtained an average of 8,306±2,519 cells/sample with 1,516±822 genes/cell (mean reads/cell 67.9±30K). Seurat v3 was then used for read pre-filtering, normalization, and cluster identification. We identified 5 genes commonly expressed in both pNET and pituitary tumor populations, namely CALY (clathrin light chain binding GO:0032051), SPINT (peptidase inhibitor activity GO:0030414), CHGB (hormone activity GO:0005179), SCG5 (GTP binding GO:0005525) and SEZ6L2. As proof of their oral epidermal embryonic origin, the commonly expressed genes in 4 pituitary tumor samples include pituitary tissue restricted transcription factors (POU1F1, BEX1/2 GO:0033613), GNAS (G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding GO:0031683), NLRP1 (peptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0016505), PTN (protein phosphatase regulator activity GO:0019888) and ATP6V1G1 (ATPase binding GO:0051117). In parallel, 71 genes were present at high levels in pNET and involved in molecular functions such as calcium ion binding (HSPA5; ENPP2; C2CD4B; CALR; HSP90B1 GO:0005509) and endopeptidase inhibitor activity (PCSK1N; WFDC2 GO:0004866). Although our exploratory findings are limited to 6 samples, the robust commonly expressed genes within each tumor type clearly separated pituitary and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors into distinct entities. We did observe conservation of chromogranins and prohormone convertases in these two tumor types, but it only represented a very small portion of overlap in transcriptome in pNETs. In summary, our findings suggest that pituitary and neuroendocrine tumors have only limited common molecular features, and by and large they stand as separate biologic populations. Our observations may begin to provide insight into the differences in tumor progression that are encountered clinically between pituitary tumors and pancreatic NETs.
Epitaxially grown n-ZnO∕MgO∕TiN∕n+-Si(111) heterostructured light-emitting diode (2008)

Epitaxial n-ZnO∕MgO∕TiN∕n+-Si heterostructured light-emitting diodes have been fabricated. The epitaxial growth of MgO∕TiN on Si(111) was established by pulsed laser deposition, which was further employed as a buffer layer for epitaxial growth of ZnO layer by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Good epitaxial quality was found using high-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A strong wide electroluminescence band, ranging from 350to850nm and centered at ∼530nm, was observed from the diode when a positive voltage was applied on Si substrate. The diode exhibited a linear light-output-current characteristic with an injection current up to 192mA.
Ellipse Detection using the Hough Transform (1988)

We consider the problem of detecting elliptical curves using Hough Transform methods. Storage and efficiency problems are overcome by decomposing the problem into two stages. The first stage uses a novel constraint as the basis for a Hough Transform to detect the ellipse center while the second stage finds the remaining parameters using a simple but efficient focussing implementation of the HT. The method is applicable in many situations where previous HT schemes would fail. Results are demonstrated for complex image data containing several overlapping and occluding ellipses.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in human neutrophils. (1996)

Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to induce marked changes in the physiology/pathophysiology of cells, little is known about the effects of this cytokine on cellular lipid metabolism. In this study we examined the effects of TNF-alpha on the metabolism of eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid, (20:4(n-6)) in human neutrophils. Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF-alpha caused a rapid increase in the incorporation of [1-14C]20:4(n-6) substrate into cellular phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid and a slower rise in the incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Radioactivity was exclusively associated with the sn-2 position of each molecule. The labeling pattern of other phospholipids, neutral lipids, and eicosanoids was unchanged. TNF-alpha had no effect on the distribution of radioactivity in 1-acyl, 1-alkyl, and 1-alk-1-enyl subclasses of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglyceride. Chain elongation, beta-oxidation and desaturation of [1-14C]20:4(n-6) were not modulated by the cytokine. TNF-alpha stimulated the release of [3H]20:4(n-6) from prelabeled neutrophils and also induced the production of endogenous unesterified 20:4(n-6). Concomitantly, treatment with the cytokine caused a decrease in the mass of cellular phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an increase in the levels of corresponding lysophospholipids, but had no significant effect on sphingomyelin, phosphatidic acid, diglyceride, and other lipids. TNF-alpha did not evoke neutrophils prelabeled with [3H]lyso platelet activating factor to produce [3H]phosphatidylethanol, [3H]phosphatidic acid, or [3H]diglyceride in the presence of ethanol, indicating that phospholipases D and C were not activated. Treatment of the leukocytes with the cytokine had no effect on the activity of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinase. These data collectively provide evidence that TNF-alpha specifically induces the turnover of neutrophil phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are enriched with 20:4(n-6) by the activation of phospholipase A2.
ABC trial (A011502): Randomized phase III double blinded placebo controlled trial of aspirin as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. (2018)

TPS597 Background: In-vitro and in-vivo evidence suggest that aspirin may have an anti-tumor effect. Epidemiologic studies have reported improved breast cancer survival among regular aspirin users compared to non-users. Pooled data from randomized trials of aspirin for cardiovascular disease have also reported a decreased risk of metastatic cancer with aspirin use. However, the exact benefits and risks for breast cancer survivors need to be confirmed in a randomized trial. Even if the clinical effect were modest, the global impact would be substantial since aspirin is inexpensive and widely available. Methods: Primary objective is to compare the effect of 300 mg daily aspirin vs placebo upon invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) in high risk HER2 negative breast cancer patients. Secondary objectives include effects on overall survival, cardiovascular disease, toxicity, and adherence. A biospecimen repository will be created for correlative analyses including tumor collection at baseline and blood and urine samples and questionnaires assessing lifestyle factors associated with inflammation (pain, sleep, stress, depression) at baseline and 2 years. Study design: Subjects will be randomized 1:1 to aspirin 300 mg vs placebo daily for 5 years in a double-blind fashion. Stratification factors include hormone receptor (HR) status (positive vs negative), body mass index ( < or ≥ 30 kg/m2), and stage. Subjects will be followed every 6 months while on study drug, then annually for 10 years. Accrual goal is 2936 patients to reach 381 iDFS events with 80% power to detect HR 0.75 assuming 5-year iDFS on placebo of 77%. Eligibility: Patients aged 18-70 diagnosed with a primary invasive HER2 negative breast cancer in the past year. If HR positive, tumors need to be node positive. If HR negative, tumor can be node positive or node negative with tumor size > 2 cm. Patients who currently use any anticoagulant or those with a prior history of GI bleeding, atrial fibrillation, or myocardial infarction will be excluded. Regular aspirin users need to stop 30 days prior to enrollment. Study is actively enrolling. Updated accrual numbers will be given at the time of presentation. Clinical trial information: NCT02927249.
Diagnosis and management of progressive ataxia in adults (2019)

Progressive ataxia in adults can be difficult to diagnose, owing to its heterogeneity and the rarity of individual causes. Many patients remain undiagnosed ('idiopathic' ataxia). This paper provides suggested diagnostic pathways for the general neurologist, based on Ataxia UK's guidelines for professionals. MR brain scanning can provide diagnostic clues, as well as identify 'structural' causes such as tumours and multiple sclerosis. Advances in molecular genetics, including the wider and cheaper availability of 'next-generation sequencing', have enabled clinicians to identify many more cases with a genetic cause. Finally, autoimmunity is probably an under-recognised cause of progressive ataxia: as well as patients with antigliadin antibodies there are smaller numbers with various antibodies, including some associated with cancer. There are a few treatable ataxias, but also symptomatic treatments to help people with the spectrum of complications that might accompany progressive ataxias. Multidisciplinary team involvement and allied health professionals' input are critical to excellent patient care, including in the palliative phase. We can no longer justify a nihilistic approach to the management of ataxia.
OP25INTRAVENOUS DELIVERY OF ONCOLYTIC REOLYSIN®TO PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BRAIN TUMOURS (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Oncolytic viruses preferentially replicate in cancer cells and kill them through direct cytotoxicity and/or immune mediated cell destruction. REOLYSIN® is a proprietary isolate of reovirus type 3 Dearing. In previous trials using intra-lesional administration REOLYSIN® was well tolerated, and there were early signs of efficacy. However, intravenous delivery is a less invasive means of administration that would permit more frequent dosing. This trial aims to identify whether REOLYSIN® can infect primary and secondary brain tumours following intravenous administration. METHOD: This is an open-label, non-randomised study of intravenous REOLYSIN® administered to patients prior to planned surgery for recurrent high-grade glioma or metastatic brain tumours. 12 patients will be treated with a single infusion of 1x1010 TCID50 of REOLYSIN®. The primary objective is the presence of REOLYSIN® in the resected tumours as assessed by immunohistochemistry, RNA in-situ hybridization and retrieval of infectious virions. RESULTS: 9 patients have completed the study to date, including 4 glioblastoma multiforme, 2 grade III glioma and 2 brain metastases cases. 3 of 4 resected GBM patient tumours and both Gd III gliomas contained REOLYSIN® RNA and/or protein. There was evidence for REOLYSIN® productive infection in 8 of the 9 treated tumours. Grade 3-4 adverse reactions were neutropaenia (1 patient) and lymphopaenia (3 patients). CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time that an oncolytic virus, REOLYSIN®, infects and replicates in primary and secondary brain tumours following intravenous administration. This trial will pave the way for phase I/II trials and combination studies using REOLYSIN® in brain tumour patients.
Comparison of gut microbiome composition in colonic biopsies, endoscopically-collected and at-home-collected stool samples (2023)

Our data shows that different sampling methods can impact results when looking at the composition of the gut microbiome using ASV-based approaches.
Incremental minimum-violation control synthesis for robots interacting with external agents (2014)

We consider the problem of control strategy synthesis for robots that interact with external agents, together known as the environment. Both the robot and the environment are modeled as dynamical systems with differential constraints and take part in a nonzero-sum two-player differential game to fulfill their respective task specifications while satisfying a set of safety rules. They minimize a cost function that is representative of the level of unsafety with respect to these safety rules. Throughout, the problem is motivated by an autonomous car in an urban environment that interacts with other cars in situations such as navigating stop signs at road junctions and single-lane roads. Ideas behind sampling-based motion-planning algorithms are used to incrementally construct a finite Kripke structure abstraction of a continuous dynamical system. Model-checking techniques for safety rules expressed using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) are then leveraged to propose an algorithm which synthesizes a control strategy for the two-player game. We analyze the algorithm to show that, with probability one, it converges to the Stackelberg equilibrium asymptotically. This algorithm is also demonstrated in a number of simulation experiments.
Performance of n/p silicon and cadmium sulfide solar cells as affected by hypervelocity particle impact (1969)

Simulated micrometeoroid impact effect on silicon and cadmium sulfide solar cell performances
Helminth infection–induced malignancy (2017)

Infectious diseases cause more than 20% of cancers in the developing world About a dozen pathogens including Epstein-Barr virus and human T cell lymphocytotropic virus 1 are among the well-known examples. In addition, infection with several trematodes, which are eukaryotes, can cause malignancy. The International Agency for Research on Cancer categorizes infection with the fish-borne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis and the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium as Group 1 biological carcinogens In addition to parasitism directly damaging development, health, and prosperity of infected populations, infection with these helminths leads to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (bile duct cancer) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder, respectively By contrast, infection with phylogenetic relatives, also trematodes of the phylum Platyhelminthes and also major pathogens, is not carcinogenic. These irregularities suggest that either helminth-specific metabolites contribute to tumorigenesis and/or that certain tissues or organs are particularly susceptible to infection-induced malignancy. Moreover, each of these helminth infections must be viewed holistically in the context of a perfect storm of risk for cancer (see
Figure S1 GSEA Analysis from ATM Deficiency Generating Genomic Instability Sensitizes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Therapy-Induced DNA Damage (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GSEA Analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Catalyst deactivation in two-stage coal liquefaction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalyst deactivation in two-stage coal liquefactionGary J. Stiegel, Richard E. Tischer, Daniel L. Cillo, and Nand K. NarainCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 2, 206–213Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300018a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i300018a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Presentation and Treatment of Venomous Snakebites at a Northern Academic Medical Center (2003)

Poisonous snakebites are relatively rare in the United States. The incidence of venomous snakebites is comparatively high in the southern states compared with the northern states and reports of these accidents from northern states is particularly uncommon. We report the experience with treatment of venomous snakebites at the University of Michigan over a 25-year period from 1976 to 2001. Six cases were identified and are described in detail. All patients were male and all were bitten in the upper extremity by pit vipers. One patient suffered a moderate envenomation and was treated with antivenin. Four other cases of mild envenomation occurred and two of these cases required antivenin therapy. One case was considered to represent a "dry" bite and required only 24-hour observation. There were no severe envenomations and no mortalities. On short-term follow-up all patients recovered without sequelae. This report demonstrates that venomous snakebites can be treated effectively at low-volume centers.
Spectroscopy for Intact Particles (2012)

In infrared microscopy, the structure and the chemistry of a sample are commingled, distorting the recorded spectra and confounding chemical identification. We provide a physics-based method to recover the material response from spheres.