gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The local mechanism of acupuncture. (2002)

Scientific development of acupuncture is described to increase its therapeutic efficacy and ultimate utilization. Acupuncture may have central, local and placebo effects. Little is known about the local effects of acupuncture specific to needle penetration and/or movement. Acupuncture points, muscle trigger points and motor end-plate zones are identical. Therefore, the benefit of acupuncture in musculoskeletal pain relief for which it is most commonly used, would not be limited to classical acupuncture points on the meridians. Intramuscular movements of the needle causes insertional activity which can be recorded on electromyography (EMG). The insertional activity occurs from depolarization of innervated single or grouped muscle fiber discharges which are micro-twitches and this is the basis of pain relief with EMG and intramuscular stimulation methods. Occasionally, needle penetration or manipulation in classical or electrical acupuncture may also evoke small local twitches. These observations suggest that needle induced local muscle twitches mediate musculoskeletal pain relief in acupuncture. These micro-twitches are capable of producing micro stretch effects on the adjacent shortened muscle fibers undergoing varying stages of denervation. This reduces the mechanical traction effect produced by these shortened muscle fibers on pain sensitive structures including intramuscular nerves and blood vessels. This theory of stretching shortened muscle fibers to produce pain relief would be justified when even more significant musculoskeletal pain relief can be obtained through inducing larger force twitches. Therefore, automated and electrical twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation methods were invented to elicit larger twitches. These methods allow the objective localization of the motor end-plate zones and allow recording of the number, frequency and force of the twitches. Therefore, by mechanism of action and associated therapeutic relief, the twitch may be the local key to pain relief, notjust a diagnostic sign for the localization of myofascial trigger points.
Discovery of Pod Shatter-Resistant Associated SNPs by Deep Sequencing of a Representative Library Followed by Bulk Segregant Analysis in Rapeseed (2012)

70 associated SNPs were discovered and a major QTL for rapeseed pod shatter-resistance was found on chromosome A09 using our novel method. The associated SNP markers were used for mapping of the QTL, and may be useful for improving pod shatter-resistance in rapeseed through marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning. This approach will accelerate the discovery of major QTLs and the cloning of functional genes for important agronomic traits in rapeseed and other crop species.
The role of the medium in the effective-sphere interpretation of holographic particle characterization data (2019)

The in-line hologram of a micrometer-scale colloidal sphere can be analyzed with the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering to obtain precise measurements of the sphere's diameter and refractive index. The same technique also can be used to characterize porous and irregularly shaped colloidal particles provided that the extracted parameters are interpreted with effective-medium theory to represent the properties of an equivalent effective sphere. Here, we demonstrate that the effective-sphere model consistently accounts for changes in the refractive index of the medium as it fills the pores of porous particles and therefore yields quantitative information about such particles' structure and composition. In addition to the sample-averaged porosity, holographic perfusion porosimetry gauges the polydispersity of the porosity. We demonstrate these capabilities through measurements on mesoporous spheres, fractal protein aggregates and irregular nanoparticle agglomerates, all of which are noteworthy for their industrial significance.
Statistical Measures of Marksmanship (2001)

Training in rifle marksmanship is required of all soldiers upon entrance into the U.S. Army. Subsequent demonstration of marksmanship proficiency on an annual basis is also required. This report describes objective statistical procedures to measure both rifle marksmanship accuracy, the proximity of an array of shots to the center of mass of a target, and marksmanship precision, the dispersion of an array of shots around their own center of impact, often referred to as "shot group tightness." The statistics presented here are intended for use in the field (with live fire) and in the laboratory (with marksmanship simulators). Although the statistics presented here were developed for use with the Weaponeer Model-70 Ml6 Marksmanship Trainer, they are generalizable to other marksmanship situations as well. The only requirement is that the target have a clearly described center of mass assigned the coordinates (0,0). Two accuracy measures are presented: (1) constant error, which is defined as the straight line distance between center of the shot group and the target's center of mass; and (2) shooting error, which is defined as the average of the straight line distances between each shot and the center of mass. Eight precision measures are presented. The primary measure of marksmanship precision is the mean radius, which refers to the average of the straight line distances between each shot and the center of the shot group. Secondary measures of marksmanship precision include: the horizontal range, the vertical range, the area of dispersion, the diagonal of dispersion, the standard deviation of the horizontal component, the standard deviation of the vertical component, and the radial standard deviation. The most useful statistics are shooting error, constant error, the shot group coordinates, and variable error (as indicated by the mean radius).
GhostRider (2015)

This paper presents a new, co-designed compiler and architecture called GhostRider for supporting privacy preserving computation in the cloud. GhostRider ensures all programs satisfy a property called memory-trace obliviousness (MTO): Even an adversary that observes memory, bus traffic, and access times while the program executes can learn nothing about the program's sensitive inputs and outputs. One way to achieve MTO is to employ Oblivious RAM (ORAM), allocating all code and data in a single ORAM bank, and to also disable caches or fix the rate of memory traffic. This baseline approach can be inefficient, and so GhostRider's compiler uses a program analysis to do better, allocating data to non-oblivious, encrypted RAM (ERAM) and employing a scratchpad when doing so will not compromise MTO. The compiler can also allocate to multiple ORAM banks, which sometimes significantly reduces access times.We have formalized our approach and proved it enjoys MTO. Our FPGA-based hardware prototype and simulation results show that GhostRider significantly outperforms the baseline strategy.
Oscillatory Dynamic Link Matching for Pattern Recognition (2003)

The calcium activated cation channel transient receptor potential channel type M5 (TRPM5) is part of the downstream machinery of the taste receptors and have been shown to play a central role in taste signalling. In addition it is also found in other types of chemosensory cells in various parts of the body as well as in pancreatic β-cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TRPM5 gene ablation on body weight, insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in long-term high caloric diet induced obesity. Trpm5-/- mice gained significantly less body weight and fat mass on both palatable carbohydrate and fat rich cafeteria diet and 60% high fat diet (HFD) and developed less insulin resistance compared to wild type mice. A main finding was the clearly improved glucose tolerance in Trpm5-/- mice compared to wild type mice on cafeteria diet, which was independent of body weight. In addition, it was shown that Trpm5-/- mice consumed the same amount of calories when fed a HFD only or a HFD in combination with a palatable chocolate ball, which is in contrast to wild type mice that increased their caloric intake when fed the combination, mainly due to excessive consumption of the chocolate ball. Thus the palatable sugar containing diet induced overeating was prevented in Trpm5-/- mice. This indicates that sweet taste induced overeating may be a cause for the increased energy intake and glucose intolerance development seen for wild type mice on a sugar and high fat rich cafeteria diet compared to when on a high fat diet. This study point to an important role for the taste signalling system and TRPM5 in diet induced glucose intolerance.
Preparation of reverse osmosis composite membrane with high flux by interfacial polymerization of MPD and TMC (2009)

Abstract In this study, reverse osmosis (RO) composite membrane with extra‐thin separation layer was prepared by the interfacial polymerization (IP) of metaphenylene diamine (MPD) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surface of polysulfone (PS) support membrane. The properties and structures of skin layer of RO composite membranes were characterized by FTIR and SEM, it was found that IP had occurred and the separation layer was formed. The effects of the monomer concentration on membrane flux and salt rejection were investigated, and the optimum concentration of MPD and TMC were 2 and 0.3% (w/v), respectively. To improve flux, the phase‐transfer catalyst was added to the water phase, and the effects were remarkable when the concentration of MPD was low, in which both salt rejection and flux increased by 20% than initial results. When some of the hydrophilic additives such as alcohols and phenols were added into water phase, the flux of the prepared membrane increased from 13.03 to 33.42 L/(m 2 h) without loss in salt rejection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Data from A Phase II Study of Allogeneic GM-CSF–Transfected Pancreatic Tumor Vaccine (GVAX) with Ipilimumab as Maintenance Treatment for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;This phase II study tested granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells (GVAX) and ipilimumab in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) in the maintenance setting.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with PDA who were treated with front-line chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) in the metastatic setting and had ongoing response or stable disease after 8–12 doses were eligible. Patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment with GVAX and ipilimumab given every 3 weeks for four doses then every 8 weeks (Arm A) or to FOLFIRINOX continuation (Arm B). The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) between the two arms.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Eighty-two patients were included in the final analysis (Arm A: 40; Arm B: 42). The study was stopped for futility after interim analysis. Median OS was 9.38 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0–12.2] for Arm A and 14.7 months (95% CI, 11.6–20.0) for Arm B (HR, 1.75; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.019). Using immune-related response criteria, two partial responses (5.7%) were observed in Arm A and four (13.8%) in Arm B. GVAX + ipilimumab promoted T-cell differentiation into effector memory phenotypes both in the periphery and in the tumor microenvironment and increased M1 macrophages in the tumor.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;GVAX and ipilimumab maintenance therapy did not improve OS over continuation of chemotherapy and resulted in a numerically inferior survival in metastatic PDA. However, clinical responses and biological effects on immune cells were observed. Further study of novel combinations in the maintenance treatment of metastatic PDA is feasible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Partnerships Between Philanthropy, Government and Investors are Needed to Advance Drug Discovery for Neurodegenerative Diseases (2006)

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Severe Coagulopathy Secondary to Fulminant Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis in a Severely Burned Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2017)

Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare complication that is associated with high mortality. Here, we describe the case of a critically ill patient with severe burns and inhalation injury who developed severe coagulopathy during her hospital stay, which was later found to be caused by HSV hepatitis. In addition, we review the current literature on HSV hepatitis. Only three prior reports document liver involvement of HSV in patients with burn. Clinical symptoms, diagnostic factors, and management of HSV hepatitis in patients with burn are presented. Because of severe immunosuppression and potentially fatal nature of this infection, clinicians should have a heightened suspicion for HSV hepatitis in burn patients with HSV mucocutaneous involvement, unexplained liver dysfunction, and severe coagulopathy, and it should prompt immediate initiation of intravenous acyclovir.
Global Expression Profiling of RNA from Laser Microdissected Cells at Fungal–Plant Interaction Sites (2011)

Global expression profiling of RNA isolated from laser microdissected cells allows one to profile a specific set of cells allowing for enhanced sensitivity and for cell- or site-specific patterns of expression to emerge. In Chapter 19, we detail our optimized methods of tissue preparation, laser microdissection (LMD), and RNA isolation of cells at the site of Golovinomyces orontii infection of mature Arabidopsis leaves. Here, we describe (1) amplification of the RNA to obtain sufficient starting material for microarray analysis, (2) microarray hybridization and associated quality control assessments. As tissue preparation, LMD, and/or RNA amplification could impact mRNA quality, distribution, and/or microarray processing and output, it is important to include quality control assessments at every step of the protocol to ensure that the final data is a reproducible and accurate readout of the biological source material. The collection of parallel samples to evaluate these components of the experimental protocol allows one to determine their impact on mRNA quality and distribution (described in Chapter 19) and on microarray output (discussed here). In addition, one likely wants to compare similarly processed whole leaf samples to LMD-isolated samples in order to identify genes and processes specifically impacted or more highly impacted at the infection site compared with the whole leaf. Using the procedures described herein to profile cells specifically at the site of powdery mildew infection of Arabidopsis (Chandran et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(1):460-465, 2010), we determined that our site-specific global expression data was a highly reproducible, sensitive, and accurate readout of the infection site. Furthermore, this site-specific analysis allowed us to identify novel processes (e.g., endore-duplication), regulators (e.g., MYB3R4), and process components associated with the sustained growth and reproduction of the powdery mildew G. orontii on Arabidopsis thaliana at 5 days postinfection that were hidden in whole leaf analyses (Chandran et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(1):460-465, 2010).
Polymer-based dielectrics with high permittivity and low dielectric loss for flexible electronics (2022)

In this review, polarization principles are firstly summarized. Following that, the relationship between the structures of polymer-based dielectrics and its dielectric property is introduced. Finally, the application of dielectrics in flexible electronic devices are carefully discussed.
Outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding of silver nanowires: comparison with carbon nanotubes (2015)

Synthesized silver nanowire/polystyrene nanocomposites showed superior electrical properties to commercial carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites at high filler loadings. This was ascribed to the higher metallic nature of silver nanowires.
A rapid and visual turn-off sensor for detecting copper (II) ion based on DNAzyme coupled with HCR-based HRP concatemers (2017)

To solve the requirement of on-site, rapid, and visual detection of copper (II) (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) in aqueous solution, a turn-off sensor for detecting copper (II) ion was developed based on Cu<sup>2+</sup>-dependent DNAzyme as the recognition element and hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-based horseradish peroxidase (HRP) concatemers as the signal amplifier and the signal report element. The detection unit, which was composed of the immobilized Cu<sup>2+</sup>-dependent DNAzyme coupled with HCR-based HRP concatemers via Waston-Crick base pairing, could catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) via TMB, generating obvious green color and turning yellow after sulfuric acid termination with optical absorption at 450 nm. Upon Cu<sup>2+</sup> addition, the substrate strand of the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-dependent DNAzyme concatenated with the HCR-based HRP complex was irreversibly cleaved, efficiently causing dramatic reduction of the detection signal. Under optimal conditions, the detection signal decreased with the concentration of Cu<sup>2+</sup> in 5 min, exhibiting a linear calibration from 0.05 to 3 μM with a detection limit of 8 nM. The sensor also displayed a high selectivity for Cu<sup>2+</sup> given the specificity and anti-interference of the detection unit, and this system was applicable for monitoring Cu<sup>2+</sup> in real water samples. Generally speaking, the proposed sensor exhibits good potential in environment surveys.
The Connectivity Sonar: Detecting Site Functionality by Structural Patterns (2006)

Web sites today serve many different functions, such as corporate sites, search engines, e-stores, and so forth. As sites are created for different purposes, their structure and connectivity characteristics vary. However, this research argues that sites of similar role exhibit similar structural patterns, as the functionality of a site naturally induces a typical hyperlinked structure and typical connectivity patterns to and from the rest of the Web. Thus, the functionality of Web sites is reflected in a set of structural and connectivity-based features that form a typical signature. In this paper, we automatically categorize sites into eight distinct functional classes, and highlight several search-engine related applications that could make immediate use of such technology. We purposely limit our categorization algorithms by tapping connectivity and structural data alone, making no use of any content analysis whatsoever. When applying two classification algorithms to a set of 202 sites of the eight defined functional categories, the algorithms correctly classified between 54.5% and 59% of the sites. On some categories, the precision of the classification exceeded 85%. An additional result of this work indicates that the structural signature can be used to detect spam rings and mirror sites, by clustering sites with almost identical signatures.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PHENOMENA IN CHARGED MEMBRANES (1975)

Larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), have been widely studied for their capacity of generating value-added products through waste bioconversion. Several efforts have been made towards optimization of rearing methods of the larval stages. Despite this, less information regarding the feeding behavior of adults and its effects on life parameters is available. We studied the impacts of subjecting adults to four diets: no diet (control); drinking water (water); a mix of sugar, bacteriological peptone, and milk powder (milk); and agar with sugar (agar). In total five replicates with 50 females and 50 males per treatment were performed. Oviposition and mortality were recorded daily. Additionally, egg hatchability and number of eggs per mass were measured. Results from this study indicate that the amount of eggs was 3 times higher for diets containing a protein source. Furthermore, milk treatment increased the oviposition period by 10 d compared with that of the standard water treatment. No significant difference was found for male longevity; however, females fed with milk diet lived 5 d longer than the control group. Egg hatchability ranged 70-85%, but was not significantly different across treatments. In terms of egg production for both industrial and research purposes, we suggest using a protein-rich diet to maximize oviposition and longevity parameters as adults do benefit from feeding.
A Traffic Aware, Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

In this paper, we focus on the problem of designing an energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks and propose a novel scheme, named TEEM (traffic aware, energy efficient MAC). Inspired by the S-MAC protocol, probably the most well-known sensor MAC scheme for energy efficiency, the proposed TEEM is also based on the concept of 'listen/sleep modes cycle'. However, unlike S-MAC where the duration of listen and sleep modes are fixed, our TEEM protocol makes these durations adaptive by utilizing the 'traffic information' of each node, and hence achieves a significant decrease in power consumption. Through implementation in motes sensors, the presented TEEM is evaluated and compared to S-MAC as well as the IEEE 802.11-like protocols.
Die Realität der Massenmedien (1995)

Was wir über unsere Gesellschaft, ja über die Welt, in der wir leben, wissen, wissen wir durch die Massenmedien.1 Das gilt nicht nur für unsere Kenntnis der Gesellschaft und der Geschichte, sondern auch für unsere Kenntnis der Natur. Was wir über die Stratosphäre wissen, gleicht dem, was Platon über Atlantis weiß: Man hat davon gehört. Oder wie Horatio es ausdrückt: So I have heard, and do in part believe it.2 Andererseits wissen wir so viel über die Massenmedien, daß wir diesen Quellen nicht trauen können. Wir wehren uns mit einem Manipulationsverdacht, der aber nicht zu praktischen Konsequenzen führt, da das den Massenmedien entnommene Wissen sich wie von selbst zu einem selbstverstärkenden Gefüge zusammenschließt. Man wird alles Wissen mit dem Vorzeichen des Bezweifelbaren versehen — und trotzdem darauf aufbauen, daran anschließen müssen. Die Lösung des Problems kann nicht, wie in den Schauerromanen des 18. Jahrhunderts, in einem geheimen Drahtzieher im Hintergrund gefunden werden, so gerne selbst Soziologen daran glauben möchten. Wir haben es — so die These, die im Folgenden ausgearbeitet werden soll — mit einem Effekt der funktionalen Differenzierung der modernen Gesellschaft zu tun. Man kann ihn durchschauen, man kann ihn theoretisch reflektieren. Aber es geht nicht um ein Geheimnis, das sich auflösen würde, wenn man es bekannt macht. Eher könnte man von einem „Eigenwert“ oder einem „Eigenverhalten“ der modernen Gesellschaft sprechen3 — also von rekursiv stabilisierten Funktoren, die auch dann stabil bleiben, wenn ihre Genetik und ihre Funktionsweise aufgedeckt sind.