gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 442: FOXO1/Notch Signaling Modulates Ambient Ultrafine Particle Impaired Vascular Repair (2017)

Introduction: Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP, d &lt; 0.1 μm), redox-active components of particular matter (PM 2.5 ), promotes endothelial dysfunction. Notch signaling in endothelial cells (EC) regulates differentiation and proliferation of vasculature. FOXO1 interacts with Notch signaling by enhancing assembly of activation complex during induction of Notch signaling. Whether UFP impair vascular repair by modulating FOXO1/Notch signaling axis remains elusive. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that UFP impairs vascular repair by attenuating Notch signaling via inhibition on FOXO1. Methods and Results: Control transgenic Tg(fli1:gfp) zebrafish embryos underwent tail amputation at 3 days post fertilization (dpf) developed complete vascular repair at 3 days post amputation (dpa), whereas exposure to UFP, or treatment with ADAM10 inhibitor to prevent Notch activation, or micro-injection of dominant negative(DN) Notch1b mRNA disrupted vascular network and impaired regeneration (* P &lt; 0.05, n=20). By crossing the Notch reporter line Tg(tp1:gfp) with the Tg(flk1:mCherry) line, we demonstrated UFP inhibits endothelial Notch signaling on the amputated site at 3 dpa. Micro-injection of NICD mRNA only partially rescued endothelial Notch activity and impaired vascular repair in the presence of UFP (* P &lt; 0.05, n=20). FOXO1 MO significantly inhibited Notch signaling, mimicking the UFP-impaired vascular repair. Injection of FOXO1 mRNA accentuated Notch activity and rescued UFP-impaired vascular repair. In human aortic endothelial cells, UFP suppressed FOXO1 expression and the co-localization with NICD, but not Master-Mind Like 1(MAML) or active NICD expression (* P &lt; 0.05, n=3). As a corollary, UFP exposure induced dose and time-dependent reduction in Notch reporter activity, FOXO1 mRNA expression and the expression of Notch signaling related genes including the Notch ligand Dll4 and Notch target HES1. (* P &lt; 0.05, n=3). Conclusions: In conclusion, UFP attenuated FOXO1/Notch cooperation to modulate Notch signaling and impaired vascular repair in embryonic zebrafish.
Microwave‐Enhanced Carbonylative Generation of Indanones and 3‐Acylaminoindanones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study on High Temperature Fouling of Oil-Fired Boilers by Means of Controlled Temperature Tubes in a Test Furnace (1973)

油燃焼ボイラの高温外部よごれの機構は, 低温部よごれと同様に凝縮をともなう蒸気拡散であると考える報告が提出されつつある.しかしながら高温伝熱面に付着してくる物質はいく種類もあり, それらの性状が必ずしも明らかでないこと, 高温よごれが問題となるふん囲気においてそれらが蒸気状態なのか, それとも粒子状態なのか, はっきりしないことなどのために, まだ高温よごれ機構を蒸気拡散と断定できない現状にある.本研究はかかる現状にある高温よごれ機構の問題を明らかにするために, 模型炉を用いた高温よごれ実験を行なった.実験は, まず汚染物質に物性値のわかっているNaClを選び, NaClが燃焼ガス中で完全に蒸気状態にあるふん囲気から, 一部粒子に変化しているふん囲気までの広い範囲 (ガス温度770～980℃, 管壁温度250～720℃) において, ガス流速 (14.4～18.1m/s) , NaC1濃度 (130～420ppm) などもかえて直交流管外面のよごれ状況を調べた.ついで実際の外部のよごれで問題となるNa, V, S系化合物による付着実験を行なった.本実験で明らかになった点は以下のとおりである.(1) 油燃焼ボイラの主要な付着機構は凝縮をともなう蒸気拡散であり, 付着量はSpaldingの物質伝達理論で求められる.(2) 伝熱面近傍において温度が下がって付着物質のかなりの部分が粒子状態で存在する場合は, 蒸気拡散量は濃度低下のため減少し, 蒸気拡散以外の機構による付着量はきわめて少ないため, 全体として付着量は減少する.油燃焼ボイラの過熱器とエコノマイザの中間温度領域で外部よごれが少ないのはこのためと考えられる.(3) 付着物は付着面上では, その融点よりもずっと低い温度で溶融状態にあり注意を要する.
Hypothermia and Pharmacological Regimens that Prevent Overexpression and Overactivity of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor Protect Neurons against Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to acute functional deficit in the brain. Molecular events underlying TBI remain unclear. In mouse brains, we found controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury induced overexpression of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which is known to stimulate neuronal activity and accumulation of intracellular Ca(2+) and concurrent down-regulation of type B or metabotropic GABA receptor 1 (GABA-B-R1), a prominent inhibitory pathway in the brain. These changes in protein expression preceded and were closely associated with the loss of brain tissue, as indicated by the increased size of cortical cavity at impact sites, and the development of motor deficit, as indicated by the increased frequency of right-biased swing and turn in the CCI mice. Mild hypothermia, an established practice of neuroprotection for brain ischemia, partially but significantly blunted all of the above effects of CCI. Administration of CaSR antagonist NPS89636 mimicked hypothermia to reduce loss of brain tissue and motor functions in the CCI mice. These data together support the concept that CaSR overexpression and overactivity play a causal role in potentiating TBI potentially by stimulating excitatory neuronal responses and by interfering with inhibitory GABA-B-R signaling and that the CaSR could be a novel target for neuroprotection against TBI.
An efficient POCS-based post-processing technique using wavelet transform in HDTV (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new post-processing method, based on the theory of the projection onto convex sets (POCS) to reduce the in digital high definition television (HDTV) decoded images. We propose a new smoothness constraint set (SCS) and its projection operator in the wavelet transform (WT) domain to remove unnecessary high-frequency components caused by blocking artifacts. We also propose a new method to find and preserve the original high frequency components of the image edge. Experimental results show that the proposed method can not only achieve a significantly enhanced subjective quality, but also exhibit the PSNR improvement in the output image.
Oligoclonality of lung T lymphocytes following exposure to allergen in asthma (1995)

We were interested in studying the lung allergen-specific T cell repertoire in different conditions of allergen exposure in subjects with atopic asthma. Twenty-one allergic individuals were studied: 17 subjects suffering mainly from asthma and 4 from rhinitis. They all performed spirometry and methacholine challenge. All patients were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), either at base line (no challenge) or after allergen or histamine challenge, and the TCR repertoire of their lung T cells was studied with heteroduplex analysis. Expansion of single T cell clones was observed in one (of seven) asthmatic subject that reported a recent exposure to allergen and had high bronchial hypersensitivity to methacholine, and in seven/seven asthmatic subjects who underwent BAL after they suffered an early asthmatic reaction to experimental allergen inhalation. Remarkably, ex vivo expanded clones included allergen-specific T cells. In two of the seven subjects who underwent BAL after allergen challenge, two different lung segments were lavaged. A strikingly symmetrical distribution of the expanded clones was found in these samples. Control subjects and six of seven asthmatic patients studied at base line showed polyclonality of lung T cells. In conclusion, T lymphocytes are clonally expanded in the lower respiratory tract only in asthmatic subjects exposed to allergen. These results suggest that in allergic asthma, the inhalation of sensitizing allergens can recruit to the lung T lymphocytes that include allergen-specific T cell clones.
Phorbol ester enhances choline uptake in cultured porcine brain endothelial cells (1996)

Choline uptake in cultured porcine endothelial cells isolated from cerebral microvessels was investigated. A large part of the choline that was taken up was incorporated into phospholipids within 24 h. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10 -7 M), a protein kinase C activator, enhanced choline uptake and acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis in endothelial cells. The PMA-induced enhancement of choline uptake was neither affected by calphostin C (10 -7 M), an inhibitor of protein kinase C, nor hemicholinium 3 (10 -5 M) treatment. These results suggest that brain endothelial cells have a choline uptake system, which is not identical to the high-affinity choline uptake system located in cholinergic neurons, and that the PMA-induced enhancement of choline uptake is independent of protein kinase C activation. Some of the choline taken up from the extracellular space is used for acetylcholine synthesis.
Statistical examination of climatological data relevant to global temperature variation. Final report (1998)

Advanced statistical procedures have been developed to analyze and model climatological data. Research has focused on the following areas: testing the global temperature series for trend; the effect of initial conditions on autoregressive models for global temperature data; long memory modeling of the carbon dioxide data; and spatial modeling of global temperature data.
Economic evaluation of oil agglomeration for recovery of fine coal refuse (1985)

The economics of an oil-agglomeration process with and without an oil recovery system are evaluated for recovering coal fines from a fine refuse stream of 105 ton/hr from a coal preparation plant. The two base case processes studied are an oil-agglomeration process in which heptane is used and recovered and in oil-agglomeration process in which fuel oil is used and blended with the product. The economics for both processes are estimated with and without a pond credit (savings in coal preparation plant investment resulting from the smaller waste disposal pond needed for the oil-agglomeration process). The total capital investments for the recovery and nonrecovery processes without a pond credit are $21 million and $13 million, respectively. With the use of the pond credit, the total capital investment for the recovery process is $9 million a capital investment credit of $0.2 million is received for the nonrecovery process. The first-year annual revenue requirements for the recovery and nonrecovery processes are $6.4 million (0.86 $/MBtu) and $8.0 million (1.10 $/MBtu with a pond credit and $8.5 million (1.15 $/MBtu) and $10.3 million (1.42 $/MBtu) without a pond credit, respectively. These costs compare quite favorably with an eastern bituminous coal which has amore » heating value of 11,000 Btu/lb and cost of 1.85 $/MBtu (40.70 $/ton). Both the recovery and the nonrecovery processes appear to be economically feasible but the recovery process is the most cost-effective method for recovering fine coal from refuse streams. 7 refs., 8 figs., 21 tabs.« less
A novel approach to Fault Detection using full sensor trace analytic (2017)

A new approach in FDC (Fault Detection & Classification) takes advantage of the full sensor trace for fault detection which allows engineers to uncover issues more thoroughly and accurately. The solution utilizes a reference model that intelligently adapts to process changes and requires minimal effort to set up. This greatly reduces the time required to deploy and virtually eliminates maintenance for an FDC system. The elimination of the error prone and laborious control limit set up process in conjunction with a more accurate fault detection, false and nuisance alarms are significantly reduced.
The effect of surface tension on the color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact (2022)

Imaging crystalline structures with Doppler ultrasound can produce a rapid color shift, termed the twinkling artifact, that can assist in diagnosing pathological mineralizations such as kidney stones, heterotopic ossification, gout, and breast microcalcifications. Twinkling is theorized to arise from scattering off surface crevice microbubbles, which are affected by the surface tension between the bubble and surrounding medium. In this study, we evaluated the effect of surface tension on twinkling in pure crystals. Cholesterol, calcium phosphate, and uric acid crystals were grown in vitro (n = 5 each) and imaged with a Philips/ATL L7-4 transducer and Vantage-128 research ultrasound system. Crystals were imaged in water while varying surfactant concentration (0%–4%) leading to surface tensions that ranged from 45–72 mN/m. Surface tension of the solution was determined by measuring the contact angle of 0.1-mL droplet on an acrylic sheet exposed to air. As the concentration of surfactant increased, twinkling was found to decrease by ∼20% for cholesterol and calcium phosphate and ∼10% for uric acid. These results continue to support the crevice bubble theory of twinkling and suggest the importance of surface tension when evaluating minerals with the twinkling artifact. [Work supported by NSF-CAREER-1943937 and NSF-GRFP-DGE1255832.]
Early post-zygotic mutations contribute to congenital heart disease (2019)

Abstract Background The contribution of somatic mosaicism, or genetic mutations arising after oocyte fertilization, to congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Further, the relationship between mosaicism in blood and cardiovascular tissue has not been determined. Results We developed a computational method, Expectation-Maximization-based detection of Mosaicism (EM-mosaic), to analyze mosaicism in exome sequences of 2530 CHD proband-parent trios. EM-mosaic detected 326 mosaic mutations in blood and/or cardiac tissue DNA. Of the 309 detected in blood DNA, 85/97 (88%) tested were independently confirmed, while 7/17 (41%) candidates of 17 detected in cardiac tissue were confirmed. MosaicHunter detected an additional 64 mosaics, of which 23/46 (50%) among 58 candidates from blood and 4/6 (67%) of 6 candidates from cardiac tissue confirmed. Twenty-five mosaic variants altered CHD-risk genes, affecting 1% of our cohort. Of these 25, 22/22 candidates tested were confirmed. Variants predicted as damaging had higher variant allele fraction than benign variants, suggesting a role in CHD. The frequency of mosaic variants above 10% mosaicism was 0.13/person in blood and 0.14/person in cardiac tissue. Analysis of 66 individuals with matched cardiac tissue available revealed both tissue-specific and shared mosaicism, with shared mosaics generally having higher allele fraction. Conclusions We estimate that ~1% of CHD probands have a mosaic variant detectable in blood that could contribute to cardiac malformations, particularly those damaging variants expressed at higher allele fraction compared to benign variants. Although blood is a readily-available DNA source, cardiac tissues analyzed contributed ~5% of somatic mosaic variants identified, indicating the value of tissue mosaicism analyses.
Context-constrained hallucination for image super-resolution (2010)

This paper proposes a context-constrained hallucination approach for image super-resolution. Through building a training set of high-resolution/low-resolution image segment pairs, the high-resolution pixel is hallucinated from its texturally similar segments which are retrieved from the training set by texture similarity. Given the discrete hallucinated examples, a continuous energy function is designed to enforce the fidelity of high-resolution image to low-resolution input and the constraints imposed by the hallucinated examples and the edge smoothness prior. The reconstructed high-resolution image is sharp with minimal artifacts both along the edges and in the textural regions.
The Role of Filler Properties in the Creep Deformation of Filled Elastomers (1983)

Abstract The use of the creep T -jump experiment as a sensitive tool for elucidating the mechanistic behavior during the deformation of a complex material such as the carbon black filled elastomer has been illustrated. The activation energy for creep was determined as a function of stress for various vulcanizates. The effects of the choice of elastomer, and of variations in surface chemistry, structure, and loading of the filler, were studied. The T -jump results combined with electrical conductivity measurements confirmed the presence of a carbon black network which is considerably involved in the creep deformation process at low strain but not at high strain. In NR vulcanizates, there is a high-strain mechanism not observed in SBR vulcanizates; presumably strain-induced crystallization is responsible for the NR behavior. Oxidation of filler surfaces had essentially no effect on the creep deformation mechanisms, suggesting that, during creep, slippage of elastomers along the surface does not occur to any great extent for conventional or oxidized surfaces.
Bayesian Inference in Non-Markovian State-Space Models With Applications to Battery Fractional-Order Systems (2017)

Battery impedance spectroscopy models are given by fractional-order (FO) differential equations. In the discrete-time domain, they give rise to state-space models where the latent process is not Markovian. Parameter estimation for these models is, therefore, challenging, especially for noncommensurate FO models. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to identify the parameters of generic FO systems. The computational challenge is tackled with particle Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, with an implementation specifically designed for the non-Markovian setting. Two examples are provided. In a first example, the approach is applied to identify a battery commensurate FO model with a single constant phase element (CPE) by using real data. We compare the proposed approach to an instrumental variable method. Then, we consider a noncommensurate FO model with more than one CPE and synthetic data sets, investigating how the proposed method enables the study of various effects on parameter identification, such as the data length, the magnitude of the input signal, the choice of prior, and the measurement noise.
In memoriam : SAMJ forum, South African Medical Journal, Nov 2002 : erratum (2003)

The SAMJ apologises unreservedly for any inconvenience 
caused by the omission of the name of WK Andrew, the 
author of the obituary on John Hoyland, in the 
November 2002 edition.
Luminal flow amplifies stent-based drug deposition in arterial (2009)

Background: Treatment of arterial bifurcation lesions using drug-eluting stents (DES) is now common clinical practice and yet the mechanisms governing drug distribution in these complex morphologies are incompletely understood. It is still not evident how to efficiently determine the efficacy of local drug delivery and quantify zones of excessive drug that are harbingers of vascular toxicity and thrombosis, and areas of depletion that are associated with tissue overgrowth and luminal re-narrowing. Methods and Results: We constructed two-phase computational models of stent-deployed arterial bifurcations simulating blood flow and drug transport to investigate the factors modulating drug distribution when the main-branch (MB) was treated using a DES. Simulations predicted extensive flow-mediated drug delivery in bifurcated vascular beds where the drug distribution patterns are heterogeneous and sensitive to relative stent position and luminal flow. A single DES in the MB coupled with large retrograde luminal flow on the lateral wall of the side-branch (SB) can provide drug deposition on the SB lumen-wall interface, except when the MB stent is downstream of the SB flow divider. In an even more dramatic fashion, the presence of the SB affects drug distribution in the stented MB. Here fluid mechanic effects play an even greater role than in the SB especially when the DES is across and downstream to the flow divider and in a manner dependent upon the Reynolds number. Conclusions: The flow effects on drug deposition and subsequent uptake from endovascular DES are amplified in bifurcation lesions. When only one branch is stented, a complex interplay occurs – drug deposition in the stented MB is altered by the flow divider imposed by the SB and in the SB by the presence of a DES in the MB. The use of DES in arterial bifurcations requires a complex calculus that balances vascular and stent geometry as well as luminal flow.
Updating the fungal infection-mammalian selection hypothesis at the end of the Cretaceous Period (2020)

In 2005, one of us proposed that a fungal bloom at the end of the Cretaceous Period would have favored the selection of the endothermic mammals over ectothermic reptiles, which eventually led to the great mammalian radiation and the replacement of the Cretaceous reptilian megafauna with the mammalian megafauna of the Tertiary or Paleogene Period [1]. This idea, which we now name the "fungal infection-mammalian selection" (FIMS) hypothesis, suggested a new explanation for how the mammals came to replace reptiles as the dominant large animals after the Cretaceous Period [2], which ended 66 million years ago with a planetary cataclysm known as the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. At the time, this extinction event was attributed to volcanism, a bolide impact, or some combination of both. In the ensuing decade and a half since FIMS was first proposed, considerable progress was made in understanding the events following the cataclysm at the end of the Cretaceous Period, which provide the opportunity to add refinements to this hypothesis. For example, in 2005, there was uncertainty on the temporal relationship between the bolide impact and the mass extinction event, with some estimates placing it 300,000 years earlier Today there is a growing consensus for a temporal and causative relationship between a bolide impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, in the Yucatan peninsula and the mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous Period [4]. This together with a greater appreciation of the planetary effects following this cataclysm [5] allow refinements and updates to the FIMS hypothesis.
Deciphering the Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Enhancing pDNA−Polycation Interactions (2007)

There is considerable interest in the binding and condensation of DNA with polycations to form polyplexes because of their possible application to cellular nucleic acid delivery. This work focuses on studying the binding of plasmid DNA (pDNA) with a series of poly(glycoamidoamine)s (PGAAs) that have previously been shown to deliver pDNA in vitro in an efficient and nontoxic manner. Herein, we examine the PGAA-pDNA binding energetics, binding-linked protonation, and electrostatic contribution to the free energy with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The size and charge of the polyplexes at various ITC injection points were then investigated by light scattering and zeta-potential measurements to provide comprehensive insight into the formation of these polyplexes. An analysis of the calorimetric data revealed a three-step process consisting of two different endothermic contributions followed by the condensation/aggregation of polyplexes. The strength of binding and the point of charge neutralization were found to be dependent upon the hydroxyl stereochemistry of the carbohydrate moiety within each polymer repeat unit. Circular dichroism spectra reveal that the PGAAs induce pDNA secondary structure changes upon binding, which suggest a direct interaction between the polymers and the DNA base pairs. Infrared spectroscopy experiments confirmed both base pair and phosphate group interactions and, more specifically, showed that the stronger-binding PGAAs had more pronounced interactions at both sites. Thus, we conclude that the mechanism of poly(glycoamidoamine)-pDNA binding is most likely a combination of electrostatics and hydrogen bonding in which long-range Coulombic forces initiate the attraction and hydroxyl groups in the carbohydrate comonomer, depending on their stereochemistry, further enhance the association through hydrogen bonding to the DNA base pairs.