gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two methods for joint time-scale and TDOA estimation for geolocation of electromagnetic transmitters (2008)

For wide-band transmission, geolocation modeling using the wide-band cross-ambiguity function (WBCAF) is preferable to conventional CAF modeling, which assumes that the transmitted signal is essentially a sinusoid. We compare the accuracy of two super-resolution techniques for joint estimation of the time-scale (TS) and TDOA parameters in the WBCAF geolocation model. Assuming a complex-valued signal representation, both techniques exploit the fact that the maximum value of the magnitude of the WBCAF is attained when the WBCAF is real-valued. The first technique enhances a known joint estimation method based on sinc interpolation and 2-D Newton root-finding by (1) extending the original algorithm to handle complex-valued signals, and (2) reformulating the original algorithm to estimate the difference in radial velocities of the receivers (DV) rather than time scale, which avoids machine precision problems encountered with the original method. The second technique makes a rough estimate of TDOA on the sampling lattice by peak-picking the real part of the cross-correlation function of the received signals. Then, by interpolating the phase of the WBCAF, it obtains a root of the phase in the vicinity of this correlation peak, which provides a highly accurate TDOA estimate. TDOA estimates found in this way are differentiated in time to obtain DV estimates. We evaluate both super-resolution techniques applied to simulated received electromagnetic signals which are linear combinations of complex sinusoids having randomly generated amplitudes, phases, TS, and TDOA. Over a wide SNR range, TDOA estimates found with the enhanced sinc/Newton technique are at least an order of magnitude more accurate than those found with conventional CAF, and the phase interpolated TDOA estimates are 3-4 times more accurate than those found with the enhanced sinc/Newton technique. In the 0-10 dB SNR range, TS estimates found with the enhanced sinc/Newton technique are a little more accurate than those found with phase interpolation. Moreover, the TS estimate errors observed with both super-resolution techniques are too small for a CAF-type grid search to realize in comparable time.
Single Chip LPC Speech Synthesizer and Companion 131K Bit Rom (1979)

A recently : developed two integrated circuit speech synthesis system represents a significant advance in large scale integration in both random logic and data storage functions.
Planar monomode optical couplers based on multimode interference effects (1992)

The self-imaging property of a homogeneous multimoded planar optical waveguide has been applied in the design of passive planar monomode optical couplers based on multimode interference (MMI). Based on these designs, 3 dB and cross couplers were fabricated in SiO/sub 2//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//SiO/sub 2/ channel waveguides on Si substrates. Theoretical predictions and experimental results at 1.52- mu m wavelength are presented which demonstrate that MMI couplers offer high performance: on-chip excess loss better than 0.5 dB, high reproducibility, low polarization dependence and small device size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experiences hosting high school summer camps to promote university outreach (2004)

With budget cuts and increasing tuition, public universities are placing increasing importance on community outreach. Such activities allow the university to play a more important role in, and give something back to their community. Universities are therefore raising expectations of faculty participation in outreach activities and in some cases directing outreach programs. At Northern Kentucky University, through local funding, faculty members in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science have offered two summer camps for bright high school students. This paper presents the outreach efforts, results, and lessons learned over the two-year period.
Synthesis of Subband Hybrid Filter Banks ADCs with finite word-length coefficients using adaptive equalization (2010)

Subband Hybrid Filter Banks (SHFB) ADCs are able to convert one or several narrow subbands among a given wideband signal. That provides an appropriate solution to “flexible spectrum” management for cognitive radio applications. In this paper, a SHFB ADC delivering a complex signal is considered. The optimal values of the digital coefficients are obtained thanks to an adaptive equalization method. The impact of digital coefficients quantization to the SHFB is studied. For a reconstruction quality target, the minimum quantization step is determined. This is validated in time and frequency domain with simulation results.
An Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Assess Radiation Injury on the Host-Microbiome Axis (2016)

Medical responders to radiological and nuclear disasters currently lack sufficient high-throughput and minimally invasive biodosimetry tools to assess exposure and injury in the affected populations. For this reason, we have focused on developing robust radiation exposure biomarkers in easily accessible biofluids such as urine, serum and feces. While we have previously reported on urine and serum biomarkers, here we assessed perturbations in the fecal metabolome resulting from exposure to external X radiation in vivo. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is of particular importance in radiation biodosimetry due to its constant cell renewal and sensitivity to radiation-induced injury. While the clinical GI symptoms such as pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are manifested after radiation exposure, no reliable bioindicator has been identified for radiation-induced gastrointestinal injuries. To this end, we focused on determining a fecal metabolomic signature in X-ray irradiated mice. There is overwhelming evidence that the gut microbiota play an essential role in gut homeostasis and overall health. Because the fecal metabolome is tightly correlated with the composition and diversity of the microorganism in the gut, we also performed fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to determine the changes in the microbial composition postirradiation. We used in-house bioinformatics tools to integrate the 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic data, and to elucidate the gut integrated ecosystem and its deviations from a stable host-microbiome state that result from irradiation. The 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that radiation caused remarkable alterations of the microbiome in feces at the family level. Increased abundance of common members of Lactobacillaceae and Staphylococcaceae families, and decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae families were found after 5 and 12 Gy irradiation. The metabolomic data revealed statistically significant changes in the microbial-derived products such as pipecolic acid, glutaconic acid, urobilinogen and homogentisic acid. In addition, significant changes were detected in bile acids such as taurocholic acid and 12-ketodeoxycholic acid. These changes may be associated with the observed shifts in the abundance of intestinal microbes, such as R. gnavus , which can transform bile acids.
MoS2 and WS2 Analogues of Graphene (2010)

Inorganic sheets: Graphene-like MoS2 and WS2 were prepared by three different chemical methods. Examination by microscopic techniques revealed that they consist of one or a few layers (see depicted TEM image of WS2 layers), and an atomic-resolution TEM image showed that layered MoS2 has a hexagonal arrangement of Mo and S atoms (see inset).
The Application of Certification Technology Based on 802.1 x (2006)

802.1 x is a standard defined by IEEE to resolve Port - Based Network Access Control. This article introduces the certification system based on 802.1 x,compares the arithmetic such as EAP?MD5.EAP ?TLS,PEAP,LEAP and so on,and also gives an engineering example, summarizes the problems in practice.
Towards a Multivariate Probabilistic Morphology for Colour Images (2012)

The mathematical morphology for colour images faces the delicate issue of defining a total order in a vectorial space. There are various approaches based on partial or total orders defined for color images. We propose a probabilistic approach, that uses principal component analysis (PCA), for the computation of the convergence colours, i.e. the extrema of a set. Then we define two pseudo-morphological operations, the dilation and the erosion, applying the Chebyshev's inequality on the first eigenvector of the image colour data. As an application, we use our approach to extract the Beucher colour gradient. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our approach, we comment our results and then we conclude this paper.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Actinomyceten. 36. Mitteilung. Über die Synthese der Ferrioxamine B und D1 (1962)

Abstract The natural microbial growth factors, ferrioxamines B and D 1 , have been synthesized by the reaction sequence III → XI.
A New Year Brings New Hopes and Challenges [President’s Column] (2022)

Welcome to 2023! Another year is here with new hopes and challenges. We are leaving the COVID-19 era, and we are living in a new global digital world, where the universe becomes smaller and more connected. During the COVID-19 lockdown, the spread of digital communications proved to be fundamental for a new inclusive world by removing boundaries, overcoming physical dislocations, and bringing the world closer. However, the COVID-19 challenge also showed us that face-to-face networking, corridor discussions and laughs, and the smell of coffee during breaks, in summary, mean a physical presence is mandatory to strengthen ties among people and enrich the debate of new ideas.
Flux through hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase detected by hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance (2011)

In the heart, detection of hyperpolarized [(13)C]bicarbonate and (13)CO(2) by magnetic resonance (MR) after administration of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate is caused exclusively by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). However, liver mitochondria possess alternative anabolic pathways accessible by [1-(13)C]pyruvate, which may allow a wider diagnostic range for hyperpolarized MR compared with other tissue. Metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was monitored in the isolated perfused liver from fed and fasted mice. Hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate was rapidly converted to [1-(13)C]lactate, [1-(13)C]alanine, [1-(13)C]malate, [4-(13)C]malate, [1-(13)C]aspartate, [4-(13)C]aspartate, and [(13)C]bicarbonate. Livers from fasted animals had increased lactate:alanine, consistent with elevated NADH:NAD(+). The appearance of asymmetrically enriched malate and aspartate indicated high rates of anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylase activity and incomplete equilibration with fumarate. Hyperpolarized [(13)C]bicarbonate was also detected, consistent with multiple mechanisms, including cataplerotic decarboxylation of [4-(13)C]oxaloacetate via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), forward TCA cycle flux of [4-(13)C]oxaloacetate to generate (13)CO(2) at isocitrate dehydrogenase, or decarboxylation of [1-(13)C]pyruvate by PDH. Isotopomer analysis of liver glutamate confirmed that anaplerosis was sevenfold greater than flux through PDH. In addition, signal from [4-(13)C]malate and [4-(13)C]aspartate was markedly blunted and signal from [(13)C]bicarbonate was completely abolished in livers from PEPCK KO mice, indicating that the major pathway for entry of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate into the hepatic TCA cycle is via pyruvate carboxylase, and that cataplerotic flux through PEPCK is the primary source of [(13)C]bicarbonate. We conclude that MR detection of hyperpolarized TCA intermediates and bicarbonate is diagnostic of pyruvate carboxylase and PEPCK flux in the liver.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THALIDOMIDE (α‐PHTHALIMIDO GLUTARIMIDE), A NEW SEDATIVE HYPNOTIC DRUG (1960)

Thalidomide (alpha-phthalimidoglutarimide, "Distaval," "Contergan") is a new sedative hypnotic drug which produces no toxic effects when administered orally to animals in massive doses. This lack of toxicity may be due to limited absorption. The drug has a quietening effect on the central nervous system, reducing the voluntary activity of laboratory animals and promoting sleep. Unlike the barbiturate drugs it does not cause an initial excitation in mice, incoordination or narcosis. It potentiates the actions of other central nervous system depressants, in particular the barbiturates. Its sedative effects are counteracted by central nervous system stimulants. It has no deleterious side effects and does not affect the heart, respiration or autonomic nervous system.
Validation of the indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR) as a performance indicator for water sensitivity of asphalt pavements (2008)

Within the framework of European test methods, the determination of the indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR) is put forward as a measure in order to assess the water sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. During the last 2 years, the Belgian Road Research Centre in collaboration with the Flemish Administration - Department of Mobility and Public Works has evaluated the ITSR test to predict the potential susceptibility of asphalt mixtures to water damage and associated pavement distresses such as surface ravelling. The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the performance in the field and the ITSR values measured in the laboratory. This validation study should allow the establishment of the credibility of the test method and therefore provide the basis for performance related specifications. Test results related to the test sections containing nine different high modulus base courses constructed in 2006 on the heavily trafficked E19 motorway between Brussels and Antwerp are discussed, as well as a series of road works which included the application of stone mastic asphalt (SMA). For the covering abstract see ITRD E157233
Comparison of Different Leaching Media and Their Effect on REEs Recovery from Spent Nd-Fe-B Magnets (2019)

Abstract Recycling rare-earth elements (REEs) from Nd-Fe-B magnet waste is an important step towards building a sustainable REE supply chain. In this study, two different processes were systematically investigated and compared. In the leaching stage, the effect of increasing H 2 SO 4 or HCl concentrations were studied and it was determined that, although both can successfully promote REEs, B, Fe and Co leaching, HCl solutions extracted a wider range of metals. After leaching, the oxalate and double-sulfate precipitation methods were utilized to separate REEs from either HCl or H 2 SO 4 leachates. Results suggest that, although &gt; 99% REEs precipitation rates could be achieved with oxalate, the purity of REE-containing products is significantly affected by impurities like Fe and Co. In contrast, REE double-sulfate precipitation resulted in a product purity of &gt; 99%; however, high levels of Na 2 SO 4 (8 times the stoichiometric amount) were needed to achieve &gt; 98% of REE precipitation.
Micro‐photoluminescence spectroscopy on metal precipitates in silicon (2009)

Abstract Metallic impurities are detrimental to many silicon devices and limit the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Therefore they are a major subject of ongoing research. Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a promising technique for detecting precipitated metals in silicon because of its sensitivity to the minority carrier density and to specific types of defects; however the impact of impurities on the defect luminescence could not be clarified yet. In this letter we examine the role of micron‐sized iron and copper precipitates in direct bonded wafers by micro‐photoluminescence spectroscopy. Both kinds of precipitates are detectable by means of the reduced band‐to‐band luminescence. An element‐specific effect on the defect luminescence is observed. The results are confirmed by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The sigA Gene Which Is Borne on the she Pathogenicity Island of Shigella flexneri 2a Encodes an Exported Cytopathic Protease Involved in Intestinal Fluid Accumulation (2000)

In this study, the sigA gene situated on the she pathogenicity island of Shigella flexneri 2a was cloned and characterized. Sequence analysis showed that sigA encodes a 139.6-kDa protein which belongs to the SPATE (serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae) subfamily of autotransporter proteins. The demonstration that SigA is autonomously secreted from the cell to yield a 103-kDa processed form and possesses a conserved C-terminal domain for export from the cell were consistent with the autotransporter pathway of secretion. Functional analysis showed that SigA is a secreted temperature-regulated serine protease capable of degrading casein. SigA was cytopathic for HEp-2 cells, suggesting that it may be a cell-altering toxin with a role in the pathogenesis of Shigella infections. SigA was at least partly responsible for the ability of S. flexneri to stimulate fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops.
Galileo: Citizen-led Experimentation Using a Social Computing System (2021)

People have scientific questions and folk theories; yet most lack the expertise to investigate them. How might people transform their questions into experiments that inform both science and their lives? This paper demonstrates how online volunteers can collaboratively design and run experiments using a novel social computing system. The Galileo system provides procedural support using three techniques: 1) experimental design workflow that provides just-in-time training; 2) review workflow with scaffolded questions; and 3) automated routines for data collection. We present two empirical investigations: a study and a field deployment with online volunteers across 16 and 8 countries respectively. People generated structurally-sound experiments on personally meaningful topics; three communities ran a week-long experiment each. We identify two key challenges for citizen-led experimentation—supporting different expertise levels and providing recruitment guidance—and provide specific suggestions from the social computing literature. Our results highlight the promise and challenges of citizen-led knowledge work like experimentation.
Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion is associated with local blood velocity and left ventricular rotational, but not longitudinal, mechanics (2016)

Recent studies have identified a predictable movement pattern of the common carotid artery wall in the longitudinal direction. While there is evidence that the magnitude of this carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) is sensitive to cardiovascular health status, little is known about the determinants of CALM The purpose of this integrative study was to evaluate the contribution of left ventricular (LV) cardiac motion and local blood velocity to CALM Simultaneous ultrasound measurements of CALM, common carotid artery mean blood velocity (MBV), and left ventricular motion were performed in ten young, healthy individuals (6 males; 22 ± 1 years). Peak anterograde CALM occurred at a similar time as peak MBV (18.57 ± 3.98% vs. 18.53 ± 2.81% cardiac cycle; t-test: P = 0.94; ICC: 0.79, P < 0.01). The timing of maximum retrograde CALM displacement was different, but related, to both peak apical (41.00 ± 7.81% vs. 35.33 ± 5.79% cardiac cycle; t-test: P < 0.01; ICC: 0.79, P < 0.01) and basal rotation (41.80 ± 6.12% vs. 37.30 ± 5.66% cardiac cycle; t-test: P < 0.01; ICC: 0.74, P < 0.01) with peak cardiac displacements preceding peak CALM displacements in both cases. The association between basal rotation and retrograde CALM was further supported by strong correlations between their peak magnitudes (r = -0.70, P = 0.02), whereas the magnitude of septal longitudinal displacement was not associated with peak CALM (r = 0.11, P = 0.77). These results suggest that the rotational mechanical movement of the LV base may be closely associated with longitudinal mechanics in the carotid artery. This finding may have important implications for interpreting the complex relationship between ventricular and vascular function.
A highly efficient polarization beam splitter with small footprint by using a slot waveguide (2017)

We propose a novel structure to realize highly efficient polarization beam splitter (PBS) by using a slot waveguide. Simulation results show that the PBS has realizes extinction ratio larger than 24.6 dB from 1500 nm to 1600 nm for TM and larger than 20 dB from 1521 nm to 1584 nm for TE. The maximum of ER for TE is as high as 37.4 dB at 1552 nm. The insertion loss for TE and TM are under 0.06 dB and 0.33dB, respectively.
Media and Emotions (2005)

1. Introduction 2. The nature of emotions:Theoretical approaches and methodological applications A.Emotion theories B.Genesis of emotions C.Types of emotions C.Methosds of emotion research 3. Emotions as effects of media exposure A.Dimensions of media emotions B.Empathy C.Mood regulaton D.Arousal/Escitation E.Suspense F.Fear/Anxiety G.Affective involvement H.Entertainment 4. Effexta of emotions in media content A.Emotions and information/news B.Emotions and texts/literature C.Emotions and films/other television genres D.Emotions and music (in radio) 5. Emotions as determinants of non-emotional effects of media exposure A.Emotions and memory B.Emotion and persuasion 6. Perspectives and suggestions for further research
Serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. (1976)

The lipoproteins of rats fed a high sucrose diet and made diabetic by administration of 45 mg/kg of streptozotocin were studied. All lipoprotein classes were found to be present in increased concentrations. The apolipoprotein composition of the various lipoprotein fractions was studied by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of 8 M urea, isoelectric focusing in the presence of 8 M urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. In the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of diabetic rats, there was a marked alteration in the relative amounts of C proteins by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and this was found by isoelectric focusing to be primarily a relative increase in C-III-3 apoprotein and a decrease in C-III-O. In addition, in the diabetic rats, the VLDL contained a protein of mol wt 46,000, the A-IV protein, which normally is only present in the high density lipoproteins. In the high density lipoproteins, (HDL) the same alterations in pattern of the C proteins seen in the VLDL were present. Furthermore, the arginine-rich and A-IV protein normally present in HDL could not be detected in the HDL, although the other apolipoproteins are present. Apolipoprotein concentrations were determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. It was found that in the diabetic rats there was an increase in the total amount of apo-B in the plasma, with the increment divided proportionately between the VLDL and the low density lipoprotein (LDL). The total apo-C concentration of plasma increased minimally. The A-IV concentration of plasma increased by 27%; it decreased markedly in the HDL, but appeared in increased amounts in both VLDL and in the d greater than 1.21 fraction. The arginine-rich protein decreased by 63% in the plasma and decreased significantly in the HDL, but increased in VLDL, LDL, and in the d greater than 1.21 fraction. These alterations in apolipoprotein patterns in diabetic animals suggest that the apolipoproteins may play an important role in determining the concentration of various lipoprotein fractions, or may be the result of altered metabolism of the lipoproteins. These lipoproteins with altered apolipoprotein composition may have important biologic differences from normal lipoporteins. Nevertheless, the HDL, despite the fact that it is deficient in some of its major constituents, was unchanged in its cholesterol content.