gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning in RF Sub-sampled B-mode Ultrasound Imaging. (2017)

In portable, three dimensional, and ultra-fast ultrasound (US) imaging systems, there is an increasing need to reconstruct high quality images from a limited number of RF data from receiver (Rx) or scan-line (SC) sub-sampling. However, due to the severe side lobe artifacts from RF sub-sampling, the standard beam-former often produces blurry images with less contrast that are not suitable for diagnostic purpose. To address this problem, some researchers have studied compressed sensing (CS) to exploit the sparsity of the image or RF data in some domains. However, the existing CS approaches require either hardware changes or computationally expensive algorithms. To overcome these limitations, here we propose a novel deep learning approach that directly interpolates the missing RF data by utilizing redundancy in the Rx-SC plane. In particular, the network design principle derives from a novel interpretation of the deep neural network as a cascaded convolution framelets that learns the data-driven bases for Hankel matrix decomposition. Our extensive experimental results from sub-sampled RF data from a real US system confirmed that the proposed method can effectively reduce the data rate without sacrificing the image quality.
Vascular dysfunction promotes regional hypoxia after bevacizumab therapy in recurrent glioblastoma patients (2020)

The vascular signature in hypoxic tumor regions indicates a disorganized vasculature which, in most tumors, does not significantly change after bevacizumab treatment. While some tumor regions showed improved vascular efficiency following treatment, bevacizumab did not globally alter hypoxia or normalize tumor vasculature in glioblastoma.
Immunogenicity of human melanoma-associated antigens defined by murine monoclonal antibodies in allogeneic and xenogeneic hosts. (1987)

The immunogenicity in patients with melanoma, in monkeys, and in rabbits of four human melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) defined by murine monoclonal antibodies was investigated. The latter included the high molecular weight MAA and the (Mr 115,000, 100,000, and 95,000-150,000 MAA. To this end sera from patients with melanoma, from monkeys, and from rabbits immunized with cultured human melanoma cells were tested for their ability to inhibit the binding to cultured human melanoma cells of radiolabeled anti-Mr 95,000-150,000 MAA monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 140.72, anti-high molecular weight MAA MoAb 225.28, anti-Mr 115,000 MAA MoAb 345.134, and anti-Mr 100,000 MAA MoAb 376.96. None of the sera from patients with melanoma significantly inhibited the reactivity of any of the anti-MAA monoclonal antibodies with melanoma cells. Of the sera from the six monkeys immunized with human melanoma cells, two sera significantly inhibited the reactivity with cultured human melanoma cells of both MoAb 345.134 and 376.96, one serum inhibited only that of MoAb 345.134, and the remaining three sera did not inhibit any of the four anti-human MAA monoclonal antibodies. Sera from six of the seven rabbits immunized with cultured human melanoma cells inhibited the binding to melanoma cells of at least one of the four anti-human MAA monoclonal antibodies while the serum from one rabbit immunized with a melanoma cell extract had no effect. Marked differences were found among the individual rabbit sera in their ability to inhibit the binding of the four anti-human MAA monoclonal antibodies. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments corroborated the serological findings obtained with one of the two rabbit antisera tested. These results suggest that the immunogenicity of human MAA in mice may be different from that in patients with melanoma and in other animal species.
Preface (2015)

The genesis of the bottom-up approach to systems biology was the availability of the first full genome sequences. In principle, these sequences had information about all the genetic elements that underlie the function of the sequenced organism. Enough information was available about the function of subsets of these genes – namely the genes encoding metabolic functions – that an organized assembly of all the biochemical, genetic, and genomic information was achievable. Such an organized assembly is de facto a knowledge base, or a k-base, that gives rise to a network reconstruction at the genome-scale. Since such reconstructions are represented with accurate chemical equations, they can be mathematically described. A mathematical description can be used to compute functional states of a network that correspond to observable phenotypes and biological functions. With these elements in place, a new genome-scale science was born that focused on mechanistic genotype–phenotype relationships.
First Report of Westerdykella dispersa as a Cause of an Angioinvasive Fungal Infection in a Neutropenic Host (2014)

Angioinvasive fungal infections (AFIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. However, clinicomicrobiological characteristics and treatment of many AFI agents remain poorly defined. We report the first human case of infection with Westerdykella dispersa, an emergent cause of AFI, which was successfully treated in a neutropenic pediatric patient.
Laboratory Production of Discontinuous-Aligned Fiber Composite Plates Using an Autoclave-Style Press Cure (1985)

The objectives of this article are twofold: to describe a procedure that we have developed for producing laboratory quantities of discontinuous-aligned fiber composite materials and to discuss the autoclave-style press cure as an inexpensive laboratory-scale alternative to the industrial autoclave cure. We have produced discontinuous-aligned fiber composite plates from continuous fiber prepreg tapes of graphite/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy, and boron/epoxy using a vacuum-bagged mold in a small laboratory press. Procedures and apparatus are described, and the quality of autoclave-cured samples is compared with that of autoclave-style press cured samples.
Series Solutions for Structural Mobility (1965)

In investigating the behavior of subcomponents of a structural system, attention is often given to the matching of mobility or impedance at mounting or junction points. Thus, if the mobility at a point in a certain frequency range is of interest, the structure supporting that point might be a black box containing a structural model designed to duplicate the desired mobility. The paper discusses methods for arriving at models based on various forms of series solutions for mobility of linear systems. Models are presented for a particular example: a uniform, thin bar with free ends. Although it is well known that a model with a very large number of discrete elements would adequately represent a uniform bar, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the possibility of furnishing a model containing only a few elements. The mobility of combinations of the simple models is also presented. Improving accuracy of mobility results in better prediction of transient response. An example is included to show that a properly devised system with only a few degrees of freedom can be superior to systems having many degrees of freedom.
Performance of airborne gravity gradiometers (2013)

Airborne gravity gradiometry (AGG) is becoming a widely accepted tool in exploration. It provides rapid acquisition of accurate gravity data at high spatial resolution with complete coverage over large areas. The data are of significant value to explorers for a wide range of commodities throughout the world. With the advent of airborne gravity gradiometer technology, it is now possible to collect high-resolution gravity with all the attendant advantages.
North American Exploration (1998)

Journal Article North American Exploration. Volume 1: A New World Disclosed; Volume 2: A Continent Defined; Volume 3: A Continent Comprehended Get access North American Exploration. Volume 1: A New World Disclosed; Volume 2: A Continent Defined; Volume 3: A Continent Comprehended. Edited by Allen John Logan. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. xvii + 538 pp.; viii + 472 pp.; ix + 656 pp. Illustrations, maps, charts, notes, bibliographies, indexes. $75.00 per volume.) Neil L. York Neil L. York Brigham Young University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 29, Issue 3, Autumn 1998, Pages 400–402, https://doi.org/10.2307/970599 Published: 01 August 1998
Software Agents for Use in Automatic Software Distribution. (2004)

This new method is considered usable for evaluating the attenuation coefficient of the thyroid in vivo.
Real-Time Kinetics of Surfactant Molecule Transfer between Emulsion Particles Probed by in Situ Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy (2012)

Emulsions are widely used in industrial and environmental remediation applications. The breaking and reformulation of emulsions, which occur during their use, lead to changes in their surface composition as well as their physical and chemical properties. Hence, a fundamental understanding of the transfer of surfactant molecules between emulsion particles is required for optimization of their applications. However, such an understanding remains elusive because of the lack of in situ and real-time surface-specific techniques. To address this, we designed and synthesized the surfactant probe molecules MG-butyl-1 (2) and MG-octyl-1 (3), which contain an n-butyl and an n-octyl chain, respectively, and a charged headgroup similar to that in malachite green (MG, 1). MG is known to be effective in generating second harmonic generation (SHG) signals when adsorbed onto surfaces of colloidal microparticles. Making use of the coherent nature of SHG, we monitored in real-time the transfer of 2 and 3 between oil-in-water emulsion particles with diameters of ~220 nm. We found that 3 is transferred ~600 times slower than 2, suggesting that an increase in the hydrophobic chain length decreases the transfer rate. Our results show that SHG combined with molecular design and synthesis of surfactant probe molecules can be used to measure the rate of surfactant transfer between emulsion particles. This method provides an experimental framework for examining the factors controlling the kinetics of surfactant transfer between emulsion particles, which cannot be readily investigated in situ and in real-time using conventional methods.
Differentiation-linked expression of cell surface markers on HL-60 leukemic cells (1980)

The cell surface antigenic phenotype of HL-60, a human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, has been analyzed before and after maturation induction with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) using a panel of markers including a "library" of monoclonal antibodies and "conventional" antisera in conjunction with the fluorescene-activated cell sorter. HL-60 cells express granulocyte and "leukocyte" differentiation antigens but not antigens of the lymphoid, platelet, and erythroid lineages. DMSO-induced morphological maturation was found to be associated with a decrease in the proportion of cells in mitotic cycle, induction of C3d receptors, increased expression of granulocytic and leukocyte antigens, and diminished expression of HLA-A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin determinants. HL-60 cells have no detectable expression of HLA-DR-associated determinants as assayed by rabbit anti-p28,33 monoclonal anti-HLA-DR (monomorphic determinant), and HLA-DRw typing alloantisera. The relationship of these changes in cell surface properties to normal granulocytic differentiation is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Anodes for Oxygen Evolution by Electrodeposition of Composite Oxides of Pb and Ru on Ti. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enzymatic Factors in Experimental Galactose Cataract (1959)

In the rat lens, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is specifically inhibited by galactose-l-phosphate, both in vitro and in vivo. In galactose-fed animals this inhibition occurs prior to the apparent inhibition of soluble protein synthesis in the ocular lens.
The peripheral blood compartment in patients with Graves' disease: activated T lymphocytes and increased transitional and pre-naive mature B lymphocytes (2013)

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that involves aberrant B and T lymphocyte responses. Detailed knowledge about lymphocyte subpopulation composition will therefore enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of GD and might support the development of new immunomodulatory treatment approaches. The aim of this study was to gain detailed insight into the composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte compartment in GD before and during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Major B and T lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from newly diagnosed GD patients (n = 5), GD patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs (n = 4), patients with recurrent GD (n = 7) and healthy controls (HC; n = 10). In GD patients, numbers of activated T lymphocytes [human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)⁺ and CD25⁺] were increased. The B lymphocyte compartment in GD was characterized by significantly higher numbers of transitional (CD38(high) CD27⁻, P < 0.03) and pre-naive mature (CD38(low) CD27⁻ IgD⁺ CD5⁺, P < 0.04) B lymphocytes, while memory populations were slightly decreased. The increased numbers of CD5⁺, transitional and pre-naive mature B lymphocytes correlated positively with fT4 plasma levels. GD is associated with increased numbers of activated T lymphocytes and transitional and pre-naive mature CD5⁺ B lymphocytes within the peripheral blood. The increase in CD5⁺ B lymphocytes was due mainly to an increase in transitional and pre-naive mature B lymphocytes. Increased fT4 plasma levels might be associated with this increase in transitional and pre-naive mature CD5⁺ B lymphocytes.
Tolerance Analysis of Compliant Assemblies Using FEM Simulations and Modal Description of Shape Defects (2012)

This paper propose to perform tolerance analysis on compliant structure. The objective is to limit shape defects and connection defects in accordance to mechanical criteria instead of geometrical criteria. The idea is to elaborate a finite element model of the structure and to observe the stress induced by assembling non ideal parts. Firstly, a method to take into account the stiffness variation induced by the shape defects is tested on an elementary example. Secondly this method is applied on an large structure from aeronautical industry with a lot of variability. A method is also presented to find the geometrical defects which are mostly responsible of overloading the connections.
Multidetector CT of Surgically Proven Blunt Bowel and Mesenteric Injury (2017)

Blunt traumatic injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Unintentional injury represents the leading cause of death in the United States for all persons between the ages of 1 and 44 years. In the setting of blunt abdominal trauma, the reported rate of occurrence of bowel and mesenteric injuries ranges from 1% to 5%. Despite the relatively low rate of blunt bowel and mesenteric injury in patients with abdominal and pelvic trauma, delays in diagnosis are associated with increased rates of sepsis, a prolonged course in the intensive care unit, and increased mortality. During the past 2 decades, as multidetector computed tomography (CT) has emerged as an essential tool in emergency radiology, several direct and indirect imaging features have been identified that are associated with blunt bowel and mesenteric injury. The imaging findings in cases of blunt bowel and mesenteric injury can be subtle and may be seen in the setting of multiple complex injuries, such as multiple solid-organ injuries and spinal fractures. Familiarity with the various imaging features of blunt bowel and mesenteric injury, as well as an understanding of their clinical importance with regard to the care of the patient, is essential to making a timely diagnosis. Once radiologists are familiar with the spectrum of findings of blunt bowel and mesenteric injury, they will be able to make timely diagnoses that will lead to improved patient outcomes. <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2017.
Molecular Basis of Efficient Replication and Pathogenicity of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mice (2012)

H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have shown expanded host range and can infect mammals, such as humans and swine. To date the mechanisms of mammalian adaptation and interspecies transmission of H9N2 AIVs remain poorly understood. To explore the molecular basis determining mammalian adaptation of H9N2 AIVs, we compared two avian field H9N2 isolates in a mouse model: one (A/chicken/Guangdong/TS/2004, TS) is nonpathogenic, another one (A/chicken/Guangdong/V/2008, V) is lethal with efficient replication in mouse brains. In order to determine the basis of the differences in pathogenicity and brain tropism between these two viruses, recombinants with a single gene from the TS (or V) virus in the background of the V (or TS) virus were generated using reverse genetics and evaluated in a mouse model. The results showed that the PB2 gene is the major factor determining the virulence in the mouse model although other genes also have variable impacts on virus replication and pathogenicity. Further studies using PB2 chimeric viruses and mutated viruses with a single amino acid substitution at position 627 [glutamic acid (E) to lysine, (K)] in PB2 revealed that PB2 627K is critical for pathogenicity and viral replication of H9N2 viruses in mouse brains. All together, these results indicate that the PB2 gene and especially position 627 determine virus replication and pathogenicity in mice. This study provides insights into the molecular basis of mammalian adaptation and interspecies transmission of H9N2 AIVs.
International Competitiveness and Resource Rents—Insights from the Canada–U.S. Softwood Lumber Dispute (1989)

“Corn is not high because a rent is paid, but a rent is paid because corn is high; and it has been justly observed that no reduction would take place in the price of corn although landlords should forego the whole of their rent”. David Ricardo, 1917
Recognizing Small Circuit Structure in Two-Qubit Operators (2003)

This work describes numerical tests which determine whether a two-qubit quantum computation has an atypically simple quantum circuit. Specifically, we describe forumulae, written in terms of matrix coefficients, characterizing operators implementable with exactly zero, one, or two controlled-not gates with all other gates being local unitary. Circuit diagrams are provided in each case. We expect significant impact in physical implementations where controlled-not's are more difficult than one-qubit computations. Our results can be contrasted with those by Zhang et al., Bullock and Markov, Vidal and Dawson, and Shende et al. In these works, small quantum circuits are achieved for arbitrary two-qubit operators, and the latter two prove three controlled-not's suffice. However, unitary operators with the sort of structure described above may not be detected. Our work provides results similar to those by Song and Klappenecker but for a wider range of operators.
Endoluminal urologic ultrasound. (1991)

Miniature transducer-containing catheters (6 French 20 MHz and 9 French 12.5 MHz) have been inserted into the urethra, urinary bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. Real-time 360 degrees cross sectional ultrasound images were obtained delineating a variety of normal and abnormal structures in both animal models and humans. With this approach it was possible to measure wall thickness as well as adjacent external structures such as blood vessels, lymph nodes and muscle. It was possible to diagnose a variety of abnormalities including embedded stones in the ureter and renal pelvis, crossing blood vessels producing compression of the ureter and tumors within the urinary bladder and ureter. In addition, these transducer-containing catheters show promise in assisting in tumor staging and biopsy guidance. These specially developed transducer-containing catheters, intended originally for placement in blood vessels, show great promise in becoming important new tools in a wide variety of non-vascular lumina and surgically created openings in many areas of the body. From our initial results we can already predict that non-vascular endoluminal ultrasound will assume an important role in the evaluation of a variety of urologic abnormalities.
Female genital appearance: ‘normality’ unfolds (2005)

Objective To describe variations in genital dimensions of normal women. Design Observational cross‐sectional study. Setting Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK. Population Fifty premenopausal women having gynaecological procedures not involving the external genitalia under general anaesthetic. Methods A cross sectional study using digital photography and measurements of the external genitalia. Main outcome measures Clitoral size, labial length and width, colour and rugosity, vaginal length, distance from clitoris to urethral orifice, distance from posterior fourchette to anterior anal margin. Results A wide range of values were noted for each measurement. There was no statistically significant association with age, parity, ethnicity, hormonal use or history of sexual activity. Conclusion Women vary widely in genital dimensions. This information should be made available to women when considering surgical procedures on the genitals, decisions for which must be carefully considered between surgeon and woman.
Antigens in Moldy Hay as the Cause of Farmer's Lung. (1963)

Sera from farmer's lung patients and non-farmer's lung control individuals were reacted with trichloroacetic acid extracts of moldy hays. All the sera from patients with acute symptoms and two-thirds of the total which included recovered farmer's lung patients formed specific precipitin lines with the moldy hay extracts. No precipitin lines were obtained with sera from healthy farmers who had no history of farmer's lung or with extracts of good hay. Evidence is presented to show that farmer's lung is associated with the presence of specific antibodies in the patients“sera against antigens found in moldy hays and that these antigens are the cause of farmer's lung.
Lipid Antioxidants in Plant Tissue (1965)

SUMMARY The antioxidant activities of several flavone glycosides and cinnamic acids were determined in lipid‐aqueous systems. Flavone glycosides, except rutin, possessed approximately the same antioxidant activity as their respective aglycone. Rutin was not as effective as its corresponding aglycone, quercetin. Quercetin derivatives were the only glycosides isolated from green onions, green‐pepper pods, green‐pepper seeds, and potato peels. Green‐onion tops also possessed a glycoside of myricetin. Caffeic acid was an effective antioxidant hut chlorogenic acid had no antioxidant activity.