gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle Synergies Simplifying Neural Control of Posture (2007)

We hypothesized that the nervous system does not independently control muscles during complex, natural behaviors, but uses a few neural commands that activate preferred patterns of muscle coordination, called muscle synergies. We analyzed spatial, temporal, and inter‐trial variability in 16 leg and lower back muscles during postural response to multidirectional support surface perturbations in human subjects. Six or fewer muscle synergies were used in flexible weighted combinations to produce the variations in muscle activation pattern observed from trial to trial. Several muscle synergies in all subjects were consistent with the previously identified “ankle” and “hip” strategies in human postural responses. Moreover, inter‐trial variability in muscle activation patterns was successfully reproduced by modulating muscle synergy activation levels. This suggests that trial‐to‐trial variations in the activation of individual muscles are correlated, and moreover, represent variations in the amplitude of descending neural commands that activate individual muscle synergies. Therefore, muscles synergies may represent a general neural simplification strategy underlying motor coordination.
Maoecrystal Z, a Cytotoxic Diterpene from Isodon eriocalyx with a Unique Skeleton (2006)

[structure: see text] A novel diterpene with an unprecedented tetracyclic 6,7:8,15-di-seco-7,20-olide-6,8-cyclo-ent-kaurane skeleton, named maoecrystal Z (1), has been isolated from the leaves of a Chinese medicinal herb, Isodon eriocalyx (Labiatae). Its structure was determined by comprehensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis coupled with single-crystal X-ray crystallographic diffraction. Compound 1 exhibited comparable inhibitory effect against human K562 leukemia, MCF7 breast, and A2780 ovarian tumor cells with IC(50) = 2.90, 1.63, and 1.45 microg/mL and with camptothecin and paclitaxel as the positive controls.
Fuel Cell Durability Study of PGM-Free ORR Catalysts (2020)

The focus of LANL’s platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalyst program has been on the improvement and implementation of high-performing and durable cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Over the last decade, fuel cell performance of PGM-free catalysts gauged by the current density at 0.9 V iR-free in H 2 -O 2 at 1.0 bar has been increased as much as three times (from 12 to 36 mA/cm 2 ). While in durability aspect not much of progress as well as understanding has been achieved. Fuel cell durability of the catalysts is critical in particular for practical application of the catalysts. Recently ElectroCAT, US DOE supported PGM-free catalyst consortium, proposed the durability test protocol (draft) for PGM-free catalysts. In this presentation, we will report catalyst durability tested following the ElectroCAT-proposed protocol for several catalysts. In conjunction with characterization tools such as cyclic voltammetry, impedance measurement, STEM, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and Mössbauer spectroscopy, we will discuss the possible degradation mechanisms as well as pathways to improve the durability of PGM-free catalysts. Acknowledgements This research has been supported by DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office through Electrocatalysis Consortium (ElectroCat). Microscopy was performed as part of a user project supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
Prediction of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Output Based on Thin-Film Technology Utilizing Various Machine Learning Techniques (2022)

This paper presents solar photovoltaic (PV) energy prediction based on thin-film technology utilizing various machine learning (ML) models. Several ML models like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extra Tree Regression (ETR), Decision Tree Regression (DTR), K-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) and Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) were utilized to evaluate each model's performance according to performance metrics. The primary input parameters such as time, solar radiation, wind speed, ambient and PV module temperatures, and the actual power generated by the thin-film PV panel based on the 2018 data set were considered for predicting solar PV output power. The ETR is proposed to predict the PV power output in this work and compared with other ML models. The results showed that ETRs outperformed the different ML algorithms, whereas DTR performed the poorest. The ETR model had the best performance, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values of 59.17 and 39.07, respectively. On the other hand, the DTR model performed poorly, with an RMSE of 81.83 and an MAE of 52.9, respectively.
Adaptive spectroscopic visible-light optical coherence tomography for clinical retinal oximetry (2023)

ADS-vis-OCT effectively removes SCs from human images, yielding accurate and repeatable sO<sub>2</sub> measurements in retinal arteries and veins with varying diameters. This work could have important implications for the clinical use of vis-OCT to manage eye diseases.
Association Between Risk Behaviors and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Opioid Agonist Treatment (2013)

Improved prevention and treatment efforts may be needed for HIV-infected, opioid dependent individuals receiving opioid agonist treatment to decrease transmission of ARV resistant virus, especially in resource limited settings.
Multi-User Competitive Energy-Aware and QoE-Aware Video Streaming on Mobile Devices (2020)

Video streaming on mobile devices necessitates a balance between a users' Quality of Experience (QoE) and energy consumption. Given large data sizes from video, extensive amounts of battery power are required for downloading, processing, and playing each video segment. However, video quality may suffer drastically in an effort to pursue energy efficiency. In balancing these two objectives, our research incorporates advanced energy models, processor clock rates, buffer management, and network quality aware downloading. Furthermore, multi-user systems present unique challenges in optimization given competition for network resources. Our algorithm accounts for these fluctuations and concurrent demands across both many users and many cells. Present application in LTE networks and foundations for future implementation in 5G systems are provided.
Effects of hadron irradiation on scintillating fibers (1993)

Trackers based on scintillating-fiber technology are being considered by the Solenoidal Detector Collaboration at SSC and the DO collaboration at Fermilab. Some 600 fibers in the Fermilab Tevatron CO area were irradiated, thereby obtaining a hadronic irradiation at realistic rates. Four-meter-long samples of ten Bicron polystyrene-based fibre types, maintained in air, dry nitrogen, argon, and vacuum atmospheres within stainless-steel tubes, were irradiated for seven weeks at various distances from the accelerator beam pipes. Maximum doses, measured by thermoluminescence detectors, were about 80 krad. Fiber properties, particularly light yield and attenuation length, were measured over a one-year period. A description of the work together with the results is presented. At the doses achieved, corresponding to a few years of actual fiber-tracking detector operation, little degradation was observed. Recovery after several days' exposure to air was noted. Properties of unirradiated samples kept in darkness show no changes after one year.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spatial quantitative analysis of fluorescently labeled nuclear structures: Problems, methods, pitfalls (2008)

The vast majority of microscopic data in biology of the cell nucleus is currently collected using fluorescence microscopy, and most of these data are subsequently subjected to quantitative analysis. The analysis process unites a number of steps, from image acquisition to statistics, and at each of these steps decisions must be made that may crucially affect the conclusions of the whole study. This often presents a really serious problem because the researcher is typically a biologist, while the decisions to be taken require expertise in the fields of physics, computer image analysis, and statistics. The researcher has to choose between multiple options for data collection, numerous programs for preprocessing and processing of images, and a number of statistical approaches. Written for biologists, this article discusses some of the typical problems and errors that should be avoided. The article was prepared by a team uniting expertise in biology, microscopy, image analysis, and statistics. It considers the options a researcher has at the stages of data acquisition (choice of the microscope and acquisition settings), preprocessing (filtering, intensity normalization, deconvolution), image processing (radial distribution, clustering, co-localization, shape and orientation of objects), and statistical analysis.
Optimal Beampattern Synthesis of a Polarized Array (2007)

Utilizing the polarization information in waveforms about targets enables improving the performance of radar systems. We consider the optimal synthesis of the polarized beampattern of an array of antennas, each having two orthogonal electricdipole elements. We control the amplitudes and phases of the electric fields emitted from these dipole antennas to synthesize the electromagnetic beam with desired power and polarization patterns. The problem is formulated in a convex form which is thus efficiently solvable. We compare the performance of two synthesizing methods: (i) separate design of the two co-aligned dipole antenna sub-arrays; and (ii) joint design of the cross-dipole antenna array. Our results indicate that these two separate designs have the equivalent capability of suppressing the sidelobe power density, whereas the joint design has the additional advantage of controlling the beam polarizations. The results are also demonstrated by numerical examples.
Diagonalizing Acoustic Models (1991)

Previous article Next article Diagonalizing Acoustic ModelsC. R. MacCluer, C. J. Radcliffe, and Andrew J. HullC. R. MacCluer, C. J. Radcliffe, and Andrew J. Hullhttps://doi.org/10.1137/0151050PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAboutAbstractThere exists an equivalent inner product under which one-dimensional transient acoustic problems with partially absorbent terminations decouple and thus yield to separation of variables.[1] P. E. Doak, Excitation, transmission and radiation of sound from source distributions in hard-walled ducts of finite length (I), J. Sound Vibration, 31 (1973), 1–72 CrossrefISIGoogle Scholar[2] A. J. Hull, , C. J. Radcliffe, , M. Miklavcic and , C. R. MacCluer, State space representation of a non-self-adjoint acoustic system, ASME J. Vibration Acoust., 112 (1990), 483–488 CrossrefISIGoogle Scholar[3] A. J. Hull and , C. J. Radcliffe, An eigenvalue based acoustic impedance measurement technique, 1990, ASME J. Vibration Acoust., to appear Google Scholar[4] C. R. MacCluer and , Y. Chait, Choosing an inner product that separates variables, Proc. 1989 Amer. Control Conf., Pittsburgh, 1989, 794–798 Google Scholar[5] Philip M. Morse and , Herman Feshbach, Methods of theoretical physics. 2 volumes, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1953xxii+pp. 1–997 + xl; xviii+pp. 999–1978 15,583h 0051.40603 Google Scholar[6] P. M. Morse and , K. U. Ingard, Theoretical Acoustics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968, 243– Google Scholar[7] C. E. Spiekermann and , C. J. Radcliffe, Decomposing one-dimensional acoustic response into propagating and standing waves, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 84 (1988), 1536–1541 CrossrefISIGoogle Scholar[8] M. A. Swinbanks, The active control of sound propagation in long ducts, J. Sound Vibration, 27 (1973), 411–436 0258.76059 CrossrefISIGoogle ScholarKeywordsdifferential operatororthogonal eigenfunctionstransient acoustic responseinner products Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited ByDetails A Fourier series solution for the longitudinal vibrations of a bar with viscous boundary conditions at each endJournal of Engineering Mathematics, Vol. 79, No. 1 | 2 October 2012 Cross Ref Choosing an Inner Product That Separates VariablesSIAM Review, Vol. 33, No. 3 | 18 July 2006AbstractPDF (448 KB) Volume 51, Issue 4| 1991SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics887-1167 History Submitted:12 February 1990Accepted:05 June 1990Published online:05 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1991 Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsKeywordsdifferential operatororthogonal eigenfunctionstransient acoustic responseinner productsMSC codes35C1035P1093C20PDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/0151050Article page range:pp. 1006-1010ISSN (print):0036-1399ISSN (online):1095-712XPublisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Determination of the amino acid sequence requirements for catalysis by the highly proficient orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (2011)

Orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate to uridine 5'-monophosphate during pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. This enzyme is one of the most proficient known, exhibiting a rate enhancement of over 17 orders of magnitude over the uncatalyzed rate. An interesting question is whether the high proficiency of ODCase is associated with a highly optimized sequence of active site residues. This question was addressed by randomizing 24 residue positions in and around the active site of the E. coli ODCase (pyrF) by site-directed mutagenesis. The libraries of mutants were selected for function from a multicopy plasmid or by single-copy replacement at the pyrF locus on the E. coli chromosome. Stringent sequence requirements for function were found for the mutants expressed from the chromosomal pyrF locus. Six positions were not tolerant of substitutions and several others accepted very limited substitutions. In contrast, all positions could be substituted to some extent when the library mutants were expressed from a multicopy plasmid. For the conserved quartet of charged residues Lys44-Asp71-Lys73-Asp76, a cysteine substitution was found to provide function at positions 71 and 76. A lower pK(a) for both cysteine mutants supports a mechanism whereby the thiolate group of cysteine substitutes for the negatively charged aspartate side chain. The partial function mutants such as D71C and D76C exhibit reduced catalytic efficiency relative to wild type but nevertheless provide a rate enhancement of 15 orders of magnitude over the uncatalyzed rate indicating the catalytic proficiency of the enzyme is robust and tolerant of mutation.
Dynamics of PLCγ and Src Family Kinase 1 Interactions during Nuclear Envelope Formation Revealed by FRET-FLIM (2012)

The nuclear envelope (NE) breaks down and reforms during each mitotic cycle. A similar process happens to the sperm NE following fertilisation. The formation of the NE in both these circumstances involves endoplasmic reticulum membranes enveloping the chromatin, but PLCγ-dependent membrane fusion events are also essential. Here we demonstrate the activation of PLCγ by a Src family kinase (SFK1) during NE assembly. We show by time-resolved FRET for the first time the direct in vivo interaction and temporal regulation of PLCγ and SFK1 in sea urchins. As a prerequisite for protein activation, there is a rapid phosphorylation of PLCγ on its Y783 residue in response to GTP in vitro. This phosphorylation is dependent upon SFK activity; thus Y783 phosphorylation and NE assembly are susceptible to SFK inhibition. Y783 phosphorylation is also observed on the surface of the male pronucleus (MPN) in vivo during NE formation. Together the corroborative in vivo and in vitro data demonstrate the phosphorylation and activation of PLCγ by SFK1 during NE assembly. We discuss the potential generality of such a mechanism.
Development of composite material aluminum-carbon nanotubes with high hardness and controlled thermal conductivity (2019)

The composite material was obtained by chemical vapor deposition growth of carbon nanotubes on the surface of aluminum particles followed by high-temperature compaction under pressure. The content of carbon nanotubes was 1 wt.%. A composite material with a hardness of 58–60 HB, which is two times higher than the hardness of original aluminum with an adjustable thermal conductivity of 50–150 W/(m × K) and with a low density of 2.7 g/cm 3 have been obtained. It was found that the hardness and thermal properties could be adjusted depending on the temperature during hot pressing by controlling the formation of Al3C4 carbide.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity. (2019)

B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases, especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B cells are activated by self or/and foreign antigens and signals from helper T cells for differentiating into either memory B cells or antibody-producing plasma cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulations modulate somatic hypermutation and class switch DNA recombination during B-cell activation and differentiation. Any abnormalities in these complex regulatory processes may contribute to aberrant antibody production, resulting in autoimmune pathogenesis such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Newly generated knowledge from advanced modern technologies such as next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing has enabled us to better understand B-cell biology and its role in autoimmune development. Thus this review aims to summarize current research progress in epigenetic modifications contributing to B-cell activation and differentiation, especially under autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
Role of p21WAF1 in green tea polyphenol-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of oral carcinoma cells. (2005)

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 participates in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. p21WAF1 can be induced by green tea polyphenol EGCG in several cancer cell types, but its role in the oral cancer cell response to EGCG is not known. We found that EGCG upregulates p21WAF1 in an oral carcinoma cell line, OSC2, by cDNA microarray. The current study determined the impact of siRNA-suppressed p21WAF1 and its response to EGCG on cell growth, DNA synthesis and apoptosis by RT-PCR, Western blot, BrdU incorporation, MTT and caspase 3 activity assays. Suppression of p21WAF1 by siRNA resulted in an accelerated cell growth and DNA synthesis, and increased cell viability. However, caspase 3 activity was not significantly inhibited. The evidence showed that p21WAF1 is involved in EGCG-induced growth arrest of OSC2 cells, which may facilitate caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. Thus, expression of functional p21WAF1 may promote phytochemical-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in oral carcinoma cells.
Rate Determing Step of Anodic Charge-Transfer Process during Porous Silicon Formation in HF Solution (1997)

Anodic reactions for the formation of porous silicon have been examined with regard to the rate determining step of charge-transfer processes. Porous silicon is formed by local silicon dissolution along with both divalent and tetravalent ions. The divalent anodic reaction based on Lehmann's model is controlled by activation. For the charge-transfer process of the divalent reaction, the second charge transfer step acts as the rate determining step. On increasing the anodic current density, the anode characteristics do not obey Tafel's law. In this region, the influence of the mass transfer process appears. For the case of dilute HF solution, the mass transfer process is entirely the rate determing step of the anodic silicon dissolution reaction.
GPS Anti- Jam Enhancement Techniques (1993)

Two Electronic Counter Countermeasures (ECCM) developed to improve Global Positioning System anti-jam performance are Amplitude Domain
Processing and Extended Range Adaptive Tracking.
Both signal processing techniques can be efficiently implemented in low cost VLSI. Their combination together can extend the GPS receiver jamming threshold from 54dB to as high as 120dB J/S under tactical-strike aircraft scenarios.
Amplitude Domain Processing (ADP) is a nonlinear precorrelation processing technique that exploits the statistical properties of non-Gaussian jammers to achieve a signal-to-interference ratio
improvement. ADP is fully adaptive in that it responds to changing jamming conditions by direct measurement of the jamming statistics. ADP
performance has been demonstrated in hardware against a number of jamming formats. As much as 45dB of improvement in receiver tracking threshold has been measured.
The second technique, Extended Range Adaptive Tracking, is a correlation processor that adapts to changing jamming and dynamic conditions to provide optimal GPS code tracking. Extended
Range Adaptive Tracking optimally adjusts the code tracking loop bandwidth and multiple correlator weights to minimize the receiver error in response to instantaneous jamming and dynamic conditions.
Analysis and simulation have shown that Extended Range Adaptive Tracking can extend the receiver tracking threshold by an additional 26dB under conditions of high user dynamics and jamming associated with strike aircraft scenarios. Improvement is independent of the jamming
waveform and, consequently, applies to a broadband Gaussian jammer.
This paper will present detailed description and performance data for both a time domain and frequency domain implementation of ADP and for
aided, Extended Range-Adaptive Tracking.
Northern Lake Impacts on Local Seasonal Climate (2007)

Abstract It is well known that large lakes can perturb local weather and climate through mesoscale circulations, for example, lake effects on storms and lake breezes, and the impacts on fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum. However, for both large and small lakes, the importance of atmosphere–lake interactions in northern Canada is largely unknown. Here, the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) is used to simulate seasonal time scales for the Mackenzie River basin and northwest region of Canada, coupled to simulations of Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) to examine the interactions between large northern lakes and the atmosphere. The authors consider the lake impacts on the local water and energy cycles and on regional seasonal climate. Verification of model results is achieved with atmospheric sounding and surface flux data collected during the Canadian Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) program. The coupled atmosphere–lake model is shown to be able to successfully simulate the variation of surface heat fluxes and surface water temperatures and to give a good representation of the vertical profiles of water temperatures, the warming and cooling processes, and the lake responses to the seasonal and interannual variation of surface heat fluxes. These northern lakes can significantly influence the local water and energy cycles.