gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5'-Diazogriseofulvin (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5'-DiazogriseofulvinHoward Newman, Thomas L. Fields, and Robert B. AngierCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 6, 1242–1243Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00300a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00300a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Temperature in Fluidized Bed Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Oil Quality Assessment in Test Units (2009)

Pine wood was pyrolyzed in a 1 kg/h fluidized bed fast pyrolysis reactor that allows a residence time of pine wood particles up to 25 min. The reactor temperature was varied between 330 and 580 °C to study the effect on product yields and oil composition. Apart from the physical−chemical analysis, a pyrolysis oil quality assessment has been performed by using two applications. The pyrolysis oils were tested in a laboratory scale atomizer and in a hydrodeoxygenation unit for upgrading/stabilizing of the pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil yield increases from 330 to 450 °C, is nearly constant between 450 and 530 °C, and decreases again at a pyrolysis temperature of 580 °C. At temperatures of 360 and 580 °C, total pyrolysis oil yields of, respectively, 58 and 56 dry wt % can still be obtained. The produced amount of water is already significant at a reactor temperature of 360 °C and becomes constant at a temperature of 400 °C. At a temperature of 580 °C, the water production starts to decrease slightly. Initially the number average molecular weight of the pyrolysis oil increases at increasing temperatures, which is ascribed to the observed increase in concentration of water insoluble compound in the pyrolysis oil. At a temperature of 580 °C, the number average molecular weight, viscosity, and the amount of produced water insoluble compounds decreases. The oil obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 360 °C produced less char, 2 versus 5 wt %, compared to the oil obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 530 °C in our atomizer/gasifier. About 100% of the carbon goes to the gas phase compared to 84% for the oil obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 530 °C. Therefore, the 360 °C oil has a better quality for this unit under the applied conditions (850 °C and droplet sizes of 50± μm) Testing the three pyrolysis oils (pyrolysis temperatures of 330, 530, and 580 °C) in the hydrodeoxygenation unit showed that pyrolysis oil with a lower viscosity resulted in deoxygenated oil of lower viscosity. The oxygen content of the three oils was almost the same, but the yield of the deoxygenated oils obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 330 °C was significantly lower. Together with chemical and physical analyzes of the pyrolysis oils, feeding the pyrolysis oil into a test units relevant for applications, direct information on the effect of varied pyrolysis process parameters on the quality and applicability of the pyrolysis oil is obtained.
iCoseg: Interactive co-segmentation with intelligent scribble guidance (2010)

This paper presents an algorithm for Interactive Co-segmentation of a foreground object from a group of related images. While previous approaches focus on unsupervised co-segmentation, we use successful ideas from the interactive object-cutout literature. We develop an algorithm that allows users to decide what foreground is, and then guide the output of the co-segmentation algorithm towards it via scribbles. Interestingly, keeping a user in the loop leads to simpler and highly parallelizable energy functions, allowing us to work with significantly more images per group. However, unlike the interactive single image counterpart, a user cannot be expected to exhaustively examine all cutouts (from tens of images) returned by the system to make corrections. Hence, we propose iCoseg, an automatic recommendation system that intelligently recommends where the user should scribble next. We introduce and make publicly available the largest co-segmentation datasetyet, the CMU-Cornell iCoseg Dataset, with 38 groups, 643 images, and pixelwise hand-annotated groundtruth. Through machine experiments and real user studies with our developed interface, we show that iCoseg can intelligently recommend regions to scribble on, and users following these recommendations can achieve good quality cutouts with significantly lower time and effort than exhaustively examining all cutouts.
System-wide molecular dynamics of endothelial dysfunction in Gram-negative sepsis (2020)

Together, the novel findings reported here provide a broader picture of the molecular dynamics that take place in whole organism vascular beds in Gram-negative sepsis inflammation. Similarly, the obtained data can pave the way for future therapeutic strategies aimed at intervening in specific protein synthesis mechanisms of the vascular unit during acute inflammatory processes.
MONITORING OF BLOOD GAS TENSIONS AND PH DURING SURGICAL OPERATIONS (1969)

TICE, D. A.; GROSFELD, J. L.; MAZZIA, V. D. B.; SPENCER, F. C.; HAMILTON, WILLIAM K. M.D.Author Information
High extinction‐ratio microstructure fiber based on chalcogenide glasses (2021)

Abstract Extinction ratio (ER) is one of the important parameters to characterize the polarization‐maintaining (PM) performance of the fiber. In this paper, we report the preparation and properties of a novel chalcogenide microstructure fiber with a high ER. We fabricate a preform using a peeled‐off extrusion method. The core and cladding material of the fiber are Ge 9 As 23 Se 68 and Ge 10 As 22 Se 68 . The preform was drawn into a fiber with an average ER of −17.08 dB. The loss of the fiber is less than 2 dB over 5.20–8.55 μm, and the minimum loss of the fiber is 0.57 dB/m at 6.2 μm. Moreover, a flat mid‐infrared supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.53 to 12.50 μm is generated by pumping an 18‐cm‐long PM fiber for the first time.
Aerodynamic performances and efficiency of axial flow fan placed in cooling system (2022)

Abstract One way to reduce the aerodynamic noise generated by the cooling system of construction machinery is to improve the fan efficiency and then drive the cooling fan at a lower speed. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is effective for clarifying the mechanisms of the fan efficiency, but there are few reports that capture the flow field around the axial fan blades installed in the cooling system of construction machinery, that is, in a high static pressure environment. Moreover, from the viewpoint of the three-dimensional flow field, the fan efficiency has not been sufficiently studied. In this study, the flow field of the entire cooling system including an axial cooling fan was visualized by numerical simulation using ANSYS-CFX17.0, and the effect of the flow field formed around the blades on the fan efficiency was investigated. In case of a single axial fan, increase or decrease in pressure caused by airflow collision or separation is higher than the entire cooling system. As a result, the loss becomes large. In addition, the increase in loss due to collision or separation occurs regardless of the blade span length, and its magnitude is proportional to the circumferential velocity at each point of the blade except for the blade tip.
Host Discrimination by Adult and Larval European Apple SawfliesHoplocampa testudinea(Klug) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (1984)

Adult and larval European apple sawflies (EAS), Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug), were assayed for propensity to avoid resource sites (apple blossoms and growing apples, respectively) already occupied by conspecifics (i.e., assayed for host discrimination). Under laboratory conditions, adults oviposited significantly less frequently in blossoms containing oviposition wounds and eggs than in healthy, uninfested ones. Similarly, significantly fewer adults attempted oviposition in blossoms containing artificial oviposition wounds than in intact blossoms. These results suggest that wound tissue exudates provide information to EAS adults on the infestation state of individual blossoms. EAS larvae, following emigration from their first hosts, invaded uninfested apples significantly more often than apples harboring living conspecifics. Similar results were obtained when resident larvae were killed before testing. We were unable to determine the stimulus(i) larvae employ in the hostdiscrimination process.
Density Estimation for New Solid and Liquid Explosives (1977)

Abstract : The group additivity approach was shown to be applicable to density estimation. The densities of approximately 180 explosives and related compounds of very diverse compositions were estimated, and almost all the estimates were quite reasonable. Of the 168 compounds for which direct comparisons could be made (see Table 6), 36.9% of the estimated densities were within 1% of the measured densities, 33.3% were within 1-2%, 11.9% were within 2-3%, 8.9% were within 3-4%, and 9.0% were more than 4% different from the measured densities. Thus, of the densities estimated in this study, 82% were within 3% of the measured density. The average absolute error in density was approximately 0.022 g/cm3, and the absolute error in density exceeded 0.04 g/cm3 for only 24 of the 168 compounds (14.3%). The largest errors occurred for compounds with several bulky, highly polar groups in close proximity, and for compounds containing groups whose calculated molar volumes were based on density data for only two or three compounds. As more density data for a certain group configuration become available, the molar volume can be determined more accurately, and the overall agreement between measured and estimated densities of compounds containing that group should improve.
Wet, Wet Boys (2002)

This collection of poems is an exploration of the relationship between narrative and theory, focusing especially on what this relationship might contribute to poetry's examination of the body and sexuality. Many of the poems are experiments in tone and form, connected by recurring images, characters, and thematic concerns. Both the critical preface and the poems that follow it try to redefine the roles of tradition, history, and sexuality---particularly homosexuality---in contemporary poetry.
Learning and attention disorders in adolescence and adulthood : assessment and treatment (2011)

"With informed support, students at the K-12 and collegiate levels can overcome the obstacles of ADHD and other learning disabilities. Drawing on evidence-based techniques, this book provides school psychologists, counselors, and consultants with the best diagnoses and treatments to help their clients become effective students. It includes a thorough overview of LD and ADHD, as well as a set of guidelines to assist adolescents and adults. This is important reading for practitioners in education and mental health working to create learning programs"--Provided by publisher
Contributions of Bacterial Surface Polymers, Electrostatics, and Cell Elasticity to the Shape of AFM Force Curves (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionContributions of Bacterial Surface Polymers, Electrostatics, and Cell Elasticity to the Shape of AFM Force Curves Stephanie B. Velegol and Bruce E. LoganCite this: Langmuir 2004, 20, 9, 3820Publication Date (Web):March 23, 2004Publication History Published online23 March 2004Published inissue 1 April 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/la040034aCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (33 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Bacteria,Electrostatics,Polymers Get e-Alerts
1,2,3-Trisubstituted cyclopropanes as conformationally restricted peptide isosteres: application to the design and synthesis of novel renin inhibitors (1992)

The 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopropanes 6 and 7 are the first members of a novel class of isosteric replacements for peptide linkages that are more generally represented by the dipeptide mimics 2 and 3. These unique peptide surrogates are specifically designed to lock a section of a peptide backbone in an extended beta-strand conformation (phi-angle restriction) while simultaneously enforcing one of two specifically defined orientations for the amino acid side chain (chi 1-angle restriction). Methods were first developed for the stereoselective, asymmetric synthesis of the trisubstituted cyclopropanes 15a-d, 18a-d, 22a-d, and 23a-d (Scheme II), by an efficient approach featuring the Rh2(S-MEPY)4 (11) and Rh2(R-MEPY)4 (20) catalyzed cyclization of the allylic diazoacetates 10a-d to give the optically active lactones 12a-d and 21a-d, respectively, in up to greater than or equal to 94% enantiomeric excess. Nucleophilic opening of the lactone ring of 12a-d gave the corresponding morpholine amides 14a-d. By exploiting tactics that allowed for selective epimerization of one of the two functionalized side chains on the cyclopropane nucleus, 14a-d were transformed into the two series of diastereoisomeric morpholine amide carboxylic acids 15a-d and 18a-d. Epimerization of the morpholine amide group on 14a-d followed by Jones oxidation of the intermediate alcohols gave 15a-d. Alternatively, initial oxidation of the primary alcohol groups in 14a-d followed by selective, base-catalyzed inversion alpha to the aldehyde function and then Jones oxidation gave the diastereomeric dicarboxylic acid derivatives 18a-d. In a similar fashion, the enantiomeric lactones 21a-d were converted into the two corresponding enantiomeric series of dicarboxylic acid derivatives 22a-d and 23a-d. Inhibitors of aspartic proteinases, of which renin is a typical example, are known to bind to the enzyme active site cleft in an extended conformation. Thus, in order to evaluate the efficacy of 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopropanes as rigid replacements of beta-strand secondary structure in pseudopeptidic ligands, 15a-d, 18a-d, 22a-d, and 23a-d were incorporated at the P3 subsite of the potential renin inhibitors 24a-h and 25a-h by coupling with the tripeptide replacement 8. A significant number of substances inhibited renin at nanomolar concentrations. On the basis of this preliminary test, 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopropanes do appear to constitute a viable new class of peptide mimics. Since the stereochemistry at each carbon on the cyclopropane ring may be altered, these novel replacements may also function as stereochemical probes to establish the conformation of pseudopeptide ligands bound to their macromolecular targets.
Enzymatic Defects Underlying Hereditary Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Deficiency Are Mitigated by Association of the Catalytic and Regulatory Subunits (2011)

Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive trait that compromises production of glutathione, a critical redox buffer and enzymatic cofactor. Patients have markedly reduced levels of erythrocyte glutathione, leading to hemolytic anemia and, in some cases, impaired neurological function. Human glutamate cysteine ligase is a heterodimer comprised of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM), which catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in glutathione production. Four clinical missense mutations have been identified within GCLC: Arg127Cys, Pro158Leu, His370Leu, and Pro414Leu. Here, we have evaluated the impacts of these mutations on enzymatic function in vivo and in vitro to gain further insight into the pathology. Embryonic fibroblasts from GCLC null mice were transiently transfected with wild-type or mutant GCLC, and cellular glutathione levels were determined. The four mutant transfectants each had significantly lower levels of glutathione relative to that of the wild type, with the Pro414Leu mutant being most compromised. The contributions of the regulatory subunit to GCL activity were investigated using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Mutant GCLC alone could not complement a glutathione deficient strain and required the concurrent addition of GCLM to restore growth. Kinetic characterizations of the recombinant GCLC mutants indicated that the Arg127Cys, His370Leu, and Pro414Leu mutants have compromised enzymatic activity that can largely be rescued by the addition of GCLM. Interestingly, the Pro158Leu mutant has kinetic constants comparable to those of wild-type GCLC, suggesting that heterodimer formation is needed for stability in vivo. Strategies that promote heterodimer formation and persistence would be effective therapeutics for the treatment of GCL deficiency.
A bird's-eye view of nonlinear-optical processes: unification through scale invariance (2009)

The Schrödinger equation has the property that when changing the length scale by $\vec{r} \to ε\vec{r}$ and the energy scale by $E \to E / ε^2$, the shape of the wavefunction remains unchanged. The same re-scaling leaves the intrinsic hyperpolarizability (as well as higher-order hyperpolarizabilities) unchanged. As such, the intrinsic hyperpolarizability is the best quantity for comparing molecules since it re-normalizes for trivial differences that are due to molecular size and energy gap. Similarly, the intrinsic hyperpolarizability is invariant to changes in the number of electrons. In this paper, we review the concept of scale invariance and how it can be applied to better understand the nonlinear optical response, which can be used to develop new paradigms for it's optimization.
The prognostic relevance of the right heart hemodynamics in advanced chronic heart failure and transplant candidates (2008)

Introduction: After years of minor attention, the value of evaluating right heart hemodynamics for risk stratification of advanced chronic heart failure patients (pts) has recently been emphasized again. We analysed our right heart hemodynamic (RHH) data of 92 consecutive pts who were referred for evaluation of cardiac transplantation regarding there prognostic significance.
Bile Acids in the Assessment of Hepatocellular Function (1996)

Bile acids, which are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol, are important in the production of bile flow, excretion of cholesterol, and intestinal digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Increases and/or alterations in concentrations of bile acids in serum are specific and sensitive indicators of hepatobiliary disorders. Synthesis of bile acids in hepatocytes involves steps in endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Other important hepatocellular processes involving bile acids include active uptake by the basolateral membrane, intracellular transport, P-450-mediated conjugations and hydroxylations, and canalicular secretion. Hydrophobic bile acids produce hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In experimental and epidemiologic studies, some of these forms have been identified as causative agents in the development of colon and liver (experimental only) cancer. Conversely, several hydrophilic forms, primarily ursodeoxycholic acid, have demonstrated cytoprotective properties in a variety of clinical and experimental hepatobiliary diseases and disorders. Because bile acids can have dramatically different properties and effects, determination of mechanisms of action of these compounds has become an active area of research. Primary isolated hepatocytes provide an opportunity to investigate bile acid-related functions and effects in well-designed, carefully controlled studies. Short-term cultures have been used to study a variety of issues related to bile acids, including cytotoxicity, synthesis, and hepatocellular processing. With these systems, however, many functions of mature hepatocytes, including those pertaining to bile acids, can be lost when cultures are maintained for more than several days. Recent developments in culture techniques permit long-term maintenance of functionally stable, differentiated cells. Pertaining to bile acid research, these systems remain to be fully characterized but, in appropriate situations, they should provide important alternatives to in vivo studies and short-term in vitro assays.
Azimuthal Sonic Imaging (2005)

I017 Z-99 Azimuthal Sonic Imaging Abstract We have developed a method for generating 3D images from sonic full-waveform data. The data were acquired using the Schlumberger Dipole Sonic Imager (DSI�) tool consisting of four sets of hydrophone receivers arranged around the perimeter of the tool. Each of the four receiver banks consists of eight hydrophones placed along the borehole at ½ ft intervals. After applying adaptive noise cancellation filters and wavefield migration we obtain one image each centered on the corresponding set of azimuthal receivers. A 3D image of the formation is formed by applying spatial shifts dependent on the
EX VIVO APOPTOTIC POTENTIAL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF THE ELDERLY HUMAN SUBJECT (2002)

Studies of immunosenescence have led to a detailed knowledge of immune system dysfunctions in the ageing human being. Apoptosis seems to be one of the process regulating an immune response after the antigenic stimulation. We examined whether commonly used methods of assessing apoptosis in the elderly human subject produce comparable results to young subjects. PBMC of young and elderly volunteers were isolated from the venous blood and cultured for 6 or 24 h with antigens of anti-influenza vaccine or PMA. The intensity of apoptosis was measured using the annexinV test, flow cytometric evaluation of DNA content (sub-G1 peak in DNA histograms), 'ladder' by DNA gel electrophoresis, and fluorescence microscope. Apoptosis in 6 h-lasting cultures of the elderly was more intense in annexinV test, while it was decreased assessing subG1 peak. Additionally, in the aged group, those changes were associated with cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that the apoptosis after the stimulation with the vaccine antigens seems to be some kind of activation-induced cell death (AICD). Different patterns of apoptosis after stimulation may be associated with the cell cycle arrest of the PBMC in the elderly.