gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning-enhanced coupling between ripple oscillations in association cortices and hippocampus (2017)

Consolidation of declarative memories requires hippocampal-neocortical communication. Although experimental evidence supports the role of sharp-wave ripples in transferring hippocampal information to the neocortex, the exact cortical destinations and the physiological mechanisms of such transfer are not known. We used a conducting polymer-based conformable microelectrode array (NeuroGrid) to record local field potentials and neural spiking across the dorsal cortical surface of the rat brain, combined with silicon probe recordings in the hippocampus, to identify candidate physiological patterns. Parietal, midline, and prefrontal, but not primary cortical areas, displayed localized ripple (100 to 150 hertz) oscillations during sleep, concurrent with hippocampal ripples. Coupling between hippocampal and neocortical ripples was strengthened during sleep following learning. These findings suggest that ripple-ripple coupling supports hippocampal-association cortical transfer of memory traces.
Virtual sensors for local, three dimensional, broadband multiple-channel active noise control and the effects on the quiet zones (2010)

In this paper, two state of the art virtual sensor algorithms, i.e. the Remote Microphone Technique (RMT) and the Kalman filter based Virtual Sensing algorithm (KVS) are compared, in both state space (SS) and finite impulse response (FIR) implementations. The comparison focuses on the accuracy of the estimated sound pressure signals at the virtual locations and is based on actual measurements in a practical situation. The FIR implementation of the RMT algorithm was found to produce the most reliable results. It is implemented in a local, three dimensional, real-time, multiple-channel, broadband active noise control system. With this implementation, the benefits and limitations of the RMT-ANC system on the shape and size of the quiet zones are investigated.
Exercise therapy for diabetes mellitus (2023)

Background: Exercise lowers blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and helps prevent complications; therefore, it is highly effective for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, many patients with diabetes do not meet the recommendations for the amount of exercise. In this study, we focus on the latest recommendations and discuss exercise therapies that are helpful for patients with diabetes.Current Concepts: Many studies have shown that exercise helps to improve blood glucose control, physical strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes are advised to perform both aerobic and resistance exercises. Aerobic exercise is suitable for most patients and can rapidly lower blood glucose levels. Resistance exercise improves muscle strength and endurance and is useful for long-term stabilization of blood glucose levels. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves insulin resistance and additionally controls blood glucose levels. Patients with diabetes are recommended moderate intensity exercise for at least 150 min/week, at least thrice a week, without interruption in exercise for &gt;2 consecutive days.Discussion and Conclusion: Exercise is an essential recommended lifestyle intervention for patients with diabetes, and regular exercise is important. Furthermore, patients with diabetes should avoid low-energy activities and minimize sitting time.
Effect of various marine lipids on transdermal drug delivery--in vitro evaluation. (1997)

The effects of several marine lipids on the penetration of hydrocortisone and nitroglycerin through excised hairless mouse skin have been studied. Fatty acid extracts obtained by hydrolysis of Portuguese dog-fish-liver-oil or by hydrolysis of cod-liver-oil were shown to be effective skin penetration enhancers. Phospholipid obtained from squid was also shown to be effective enhancer. However, the enhancing effect of the marine products could generally be associated with their content of free unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid extract obtained from cod-liver-oil caused insignificant skin irritation when incorporated into an ointment base and applied to human skin.
The case of the team-spirit tailspin. (1991)

Richard Johnson, newly appointed president of Century Airlines, knew the company's survival depended on customer service, which in turn depended on motivated employees. So he created the Century Spirit program to build team spirit by encouraging employee participation, individual initiative, and open communication. Among the program's early successes was a newspaper started by a group of flight attendants. The Plane Truth published information about benefits and work conditions as well as feature stories and humorous articles. It quickly became popular not only with flight attendants but also with pilots, machinists, and baggage handlers. As time went on, though, the Plane Truth began to run articles critical of the company. When management cut back workers' hours, the newspaper questioned what sacrifices the executives were making. When technical services released figures showing long turnaround times, the paper questioned the machinists' work ethic. Worried that customers might see the newspaper, Richard Johnson wanted to cancel it. The president of the flight attendants union also wanted to see it go because it was stirring up trouble with the machinists. Joan Raffin, Century's human resources director, was asked to stop the publication. But she hesitated. She knew that employee morale was on the brink, but she didn't know whether the newspaper was venting workers' frustrations and reinforcing team spirit or stirring up old animosities and bringing the whole company down. Was it creating more tension than unity or vice versa? Experts on organizational change, motivation, and management analyze the situation and make recommendations for what Joan Raffin should do.
Detection of Rotavirus Genotypes in Korea 5 Years after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccines (2015)

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the most important viral etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Although effective RV vaccines (RVVs) are now used worldwide, novel genotypes and outbreaks resulting from rare genotype combinations have emerged. This study documented RV genotypes in a Korean population of children with AGE 5 yr after the introduction of RVV and assessed potential genotype differences based on vaccination status or vaccine type. Children less than 5-yr-old diagnosed with AGE between October 2012 and September 2013 admitted to 9 medical institutions from 8 provinces in Korea were prospectively enrolled. Stool samples were tested for RV by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. In 346 patients, 114 (32.9%) were RV-positive. Among them, 87 (76.3%) patients were infected with RV alone. Eighty-six of 114 RV-positive stool samples were successfully genotyped, and their combinations of genotypes were G1P[8] (36, 41.9%), G2P[4] (12, 14.0%), and G3P[8] (6, 7.0%). RV was detected in 27.8% of patients in the vaccinated group and 39.8% in the unvaccinated group (P=0.035). Vaccination history was available for 67 of 86 cases with successfully genotyped RV-positive stool samples; RotaTeq (20, 29.9%), Rotarix (7, 10.4%), unvaccinated (40, 59.7%). The incidence of RV AGE is lower in the RV-vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group with no evidence of substitution with unusual genotype combinations.
Multi-step Kolsky bar loading of materials which fail by adiabatic shear banding (2014)

In a previous work we showed that thermal softening of materials, in Kolsky bar tests, can be eliminated by multiple-step loading. In this paper we present results from multi-step loading tests performed in our interferometry-based Kolsky bar, with specimens made of different alloys in order to further explore the nature of adiabatic shear failure. Particularly, we are interested in reducing the inherent temperature rise of the deformed specimens, in order to highlight the propensity of these alloys to the shear-banding failure. The multi-step loading should prevent the local heating of the specimen and may move the occurrence of shear banding to higher strains. Our experiments showed that specimens which fail at low strains have the same failure strains under multi-step and single loadings. On the other hand, specimens which failed at high strains, under a single loading, show a significant increase in their failure strain under the multiple-step loading.
Recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts for bio-oil upgrading via “ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis”: catalyst development through the study of model compounds (2013)

Advances in heterogeneous catalysis are driven by the structure–function relationships that define catalyst performance (i.e., activity, selectivity, lifetime). To understand these relationships, cooperative research is required: prediction and analysis using computational models, development of new synthetic methods to prepare specific solid-state compositions and structures, and identification of catalytically active site(s), surface-bound intermediates, and mechanistic pathways. In the application of deoxygenating and upgrading biomass pyrolysis vapors, a fundamental understanding of the factors that favor C–O bond cleavage and C–C bond formation is still needed. In this review, we focus on recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass pyrolysis products. Focus is placed on studies that made use of model compounds for comparisons of catalysts and the reaction networks they promote. Applications of transition metal sulfide catalysts for deoxygenation processes are highlighted, and compared to the performances of noble metal and metal carbide, nitride, and phosphide catalysts. In general, it is found that bifunctional catalysts are required for deoxygenation in a single reactor, with bifunctionality achieved on the catalyst or in conjunction with the catalyst support. Catalysts that activate hydrogen well will be preferred for ex situ catalytic pyrolysis conditions (upgrading downstream of pyrolysis reactor prior to condensation of bio-oil, pressures near atmospheric, temperatures between 350–500 °C). Supports that limit chemisorption of large reactants (leading to blockage of catalyst sites) should be employed. Finally, the stability of the catalyst and support in high-steam and low hydrogen-to-carbon environments will be critical.
A VMM-Based System Call Interposition Framework for Program Monitoring (2010)

System call interposition is a powerful method for regulating and monitoring program behavior. A wide variety of security tools have been developed which use this technique. However, traditional system call interposition techniques are vulnerable to kernel attacks and have some limitations on effectiveness and transparency. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named VSyscall, which leverages virtualization technology to enable system call interposition outside the operating system. A system call correlating method is proposed to identify the coherent system calls belonging to the same process from the system call sequence. We have developed a prototype of VSyscall and implemented it in two mainstream virtual machine monitors, Qemu and KVM, respectively. We also evaluate the effectiveness and performance overhead of our approach by comprehensive experiments. The results show that VSyscall achieves effectiveness with a small overhead, and our experiments with six real-world applications indicate its practicality.
Sealing Penetrating Eye Injuries With Photoactivated Bonding (2010)

Abstract : The overall goal of this research was to find a more efficient method of sealing complex corneal lacerations. The technology that we used to achieve this goal was to develop a light-activated technology in which amniotic membrane impregnated with Rose Bengal dye (a common photoactive vital dye used as a diagnostic tool for staining ocular surface abnormalities) was cross-linked to the surface of the cornea to achieve a water-tight seal. Fragments and debris propelled at high velocity by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have increased the incidence of penetrating eye injuries in the current conflicts. At the height of this conflict, 29% of all evacuations from Iraq were due to ocular injuries.1 When an eye sustains a penetrating or perforating injury rapid closure with the formation of a water tight seal is critical to preventing infection and preventing surface epithelium from gaining entry into the eye. This stabilizes the eye until further reconstructive surgery can occur. Despite the fact that the normal human eye is only 24mm in diameter, the repair of this structure can take in excess of 4 hours in severe injuries, and involves the use of an operative microscope and placement of suture that are thinner than the human hair. This suturing requires specialized training. In complex lacerations, in which flat objects are propelled through the cornea, the lamella of the cornea can shred, making closure by suture impossible. In these cases surgical adjuncts are used to close the wound, none of which are approved by the FDA for this purpose. The most commonly used item is Cyanoacrylate glue (medical super glue). The cyanoacrylate glue can bind to the cornea surface creating a water-tight seal. Unfortunately, it sticks to the sutures and is difficult to remove. Additionally it is opaque preventing any further operative procedures.
Fabrication of a miniature diamond grinding tool using a hybrid process of micro-EDM and co-deposition (2008)

A novel miniature diamond grinding tool usable for the precise micro-grinding of miniature parts is presented. A hybrid process that combines 'micro-EDM' with 'precision co-deposition' is proposed. The metal substrate is micro-EDMed to a 50 µm diameter and micro diamonds with 0–2 µm grains are 'electroformed' on the substrate surface, producing a miniature multilayered grinding tool. Nickel and diamond act as binders and cutters, respectively. A partition plate with an array of drilled holes is designed to ensure good convection in the electroforming solution. The dispersion of diamond grains and displacement of nickel ions are noticeably improved. A miniature funnel mould enables the diamond grains to converge towards the cathode to increase their deposition probability on the substrate, thereby improving their distribution on the substrate surface. A micro ZrO2 ceramic ferrule is finely ground by the developed grinding tool and then yields a surface roughness of Ra = 0.085 µm. The proposed approach is applied during the final machining process.
[Solid phase hybridization]. (1990)

Nucleic acid hybridization techniques have been used for several decades in basic research to isolate genes, to determine their structure or analyse their mechanisms. The possibility of using them in clinical biology has been considered for several years. The transfer from basic to applied research can now take place due to the new technology of non-radioactive probes (cold probes). Hybridization features the use of a probe nucleic acid molecule and of a target nucleic acid molecule. It leads to the formation of a double-stranded molecule, also called duplex, which can be detected with great sensitivity. For this to be done, the probe can be tagged with a variety of labels such as a radio-isotope or a non-isotopic marker which can be detected for its fluorescence, luminescence or enzyme activity or by immuno-reaction(s). Hybridization can be performed either in a liquid solution or on a solid support. In the first case, hybridization is generally followed by a separation step which makes use of solid phase to isolate the hybrid (duplex) formed. This separation can be achieved by biochemical means (adsorption chromatography, differential precipitation, electrophoresis, etc.) or by immunological means (affinity chromatography, immuno-capture). In the second case, the support can be used in different ways according to the assay format employed to perform hybridization. The target DNA can be immobilized by contacting the sample to be tested with the support: simple specimen deposit with a pipette (for low volumes), or by aspiration under vacuum or by (capillary or electrophoretic) transfer from an agarose gel. In the sandwich assay format, probe DNA is immobilized onto the support to specifically extract the target DNA from the medium under assay. Support to be employed for hybridization purpose can be selected from the group consisting of: nylon (N), nitrocellulose (NC) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes; N+NC mixed membranes; cellulose and its derivatives; polyoside supports (Sephacryl, Sepharose, etc.), latex particles, polystyrene microplates. The coupling procedures and capacity vary according to the type of support used.
Optical Spectroscopy and Upconversion Studies of Ho3+-Doped Bulk and Nanocrystalline Y2O3 (2002)

In this paper we report on the optical spectroscopy and upconversion studies of Ho3+-doped nanocrystalline and bulk Y2O3, as a function of holmium concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mol %). Emission in the blue, green, red, and NIR portions of the spectrum is recorded after 457.9-nm excitation. Red (646 nm) pumping results in blue and green emission through a two-photon excited-state absorption (ESA) upconversion process. NIR (754 nm) pumping results in blue, green, and red emission. Overall luminescence of the nanocrystalline samples under one-photon excitation or 646-nm pumping is severely reduced when compared to that of the bulk sample, or nonexistent in the case of the 754-nm pumping, which is attributed to adsorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide and/or water on the surface of the nanocrystals. A quenching of the green (5F4, 5S2) → 5I8 emission is noted with increasing Ho3+ concentration that is attributed to a cross-relaxation mechanism involving two holmium ions.
Multisite Calibration Tracking for FY-3A MERSI Solar Bands (2012)

The MEdium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI), onboard the second-generation Chinese polar-orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A, is a MODIS-like sensor with 19 solar bands and one thermal infrared band. Although there is a visible onboard calibration device, it can only be used for tracking temporal instrument degradation. The vicarious calibration (VC) campaign at the Dunhuang site, conducted once a year, has been the main postlaunch absolute radiometric calibration method for MERSI in the solar bands. To increase the in-flight calibration frequency, a multisite radiometric calibration tracking method is presented. This method relies on simulated radiation over several stable sites, and a daily calibration updating model is built from long-term trending of calibration coefficient series. The MERSI calibration reference is evaluated against the observations of Aqua MODIS, showing mean relative biases within 5% from 0.4 to 2.1 μm . The short-wave channels of MERSI are found to experience large degradation, particularly the 412-nm band with an annual degradation rate of 9.7%, whereas the red and near-infrared bands are relatively stable with annual degradation rates within ±1%. Several approaches have been used to analyze the reliability of MERSI calibration results. A comparison of the calibration slopes shows that the relative biases between the multisite method and the annual Dunhuang VC campaign are below 3.8%. Aqua MODIS is used as a reference to monitor the data quality of the recalibrated MERSI. A double-difference analysis shows that the mean relative biases are almost within 5% over stable deserts, and the synchronous nadir observation analysis also reveals good agreement.
Video-based face recognition using adaptive hidden Markov models (2003)

While traditional face recognition is typically based on still images, face recognition from video sequences has become popular. In this paper, we propose to use adaptive hidden Markov models (HMM) to perform video-based face recognition. During the training process, the statistics of training video sequences of each subject, and the temporal dynamics, are learned by an HMM. During the recognition process, the temporal characteristics of the test video sequence are analyzed over time by the HMM corresponding to each subject. The likelihood scores provided by the HMMs are compared, and the highest score provides the identity of the test video sequence. Furthermore, with unsupervised learning, each HMM is adapted with the test video sequence, which results in better modeling over time. Based on extensive experiments with various databases, we show that the proposed algorithm results in better performance than using majority voting of image-based recognition results.
Evidence for QTLs Influencing the Endogenous Thrombin Potential (ETP) and Protein C Concentrations in a Dutch Family with Unexplained Thrombophilia. (2007)

Abstract Introduction: In Dutch families with unexplained thrombophilia (GENES study), plasma levels of the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) discriminated affected from non-affected family members. A high variance, i.e. &gt;60%, attributable to genetic factors was found for the ETP in one extended family. Increases in ETP levels could not be readily explained by known determinants of ETP from the coagulation cascade or anticoagulant pathways. In the present study, a genome-wide scan was performed in this family to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing ETP and several other coagulation factors. Methods: Phenotypic data, plasma, and DNA were available for 135 of the 185 individuals in the pedigree. Patients using anticoagulation medication were excluded from the analyses. If necessary, data were transformed prior to the analyses. Multipoint Identity by Descent (IBD)-estimation and variance component multipoint (bivariate) linkage analysis including covariates were performed using SOLAR. LOD scores were empirically adjusted. Results: For ETP levels, suggestive evidence for linkage was found at 36 cM (one-lod support interval: 1 – 61 cM) on chromosome 20 (LOD = 2.57). Interestingly, significant evidence for linkage with protein C levels (LOD=6.6) was found in the same region at 48 cM (41 – 59 cM). A bivariate LOD score of 5.8 (p&lt;2x10−6) was obtained for this region of chromosome 20, but the correlation between the two traits due to QTL effects was low (0.10 ± 0.28, p=0.734). This finding, together with the fact that the test for complete pleiotropy had to be rejected (p&lt;0.0001), indicates that ETP and protein C levels are most likely influenced by two different QTLs (i.e. coincident linkage) on chromosome 20. Conclusion: In this Dutch family, ETP and protein C levels were influenced by two putative major genes, both localized in the same region of chromosome 20. This region is known to harbor several liver-enriched transcription factors, e.g. hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 3b (20p11) and HNF4a (20q12-q13.1). Since most of the plasma proteins that determine the level of ETP are synthesized in the liver, these candidate genes are now further explored within this family with unexplained thrombophilia and inherited high ETP levels.
The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles to enhance the antibacterial properties of light-activated polydimethylsiloxane containing crystal violet (2014)

Crystal violet–ZnO mixtures were incorporated into PDMS by a simple two step method. The modified polymer demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against<italic>E. coli</italic>and<italic>S. aureus</italic>, showing possibly the most potent light-induced antibacterial polymer reported to date.