gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multicentre, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of histamine dihydrochloride and interferon‐α‐2b for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (2002)

Interferon- (IFN-)alpha is currently the standard of care treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A significant part of the benefit of IFN-alpha in chronic hepatitis C is believed to be related to the activation of lymphocytes such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, which participate in the elimination of infected cells. Histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) has been shown to potentiate the IFN-alpha-induced activation of T cells and NK cells by a mechanism that involves the protection of these lymphocytes against oxygen radical-induced functional inhibition and apoptosis. This study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of HDC in combination with IFN-alpha-2b in treatment-naïve patients with chronic HCV infection. All patients received IFN-alpha-2b, 3 MIU, three times weekly via subcutaneous injection, and were randomized to one of four HDC regimens (1 mg of either: once a day, three times a week; once a day, five times a week; twice a day, three times a week or; twice a day, five times a week). The doses of HDC in combination with IFN-alpha-2b resulted in sustained viral response rates ranging from 31% to 38%. Sustained biochemical response rates ranged from 28% to 41% across the four treatment groups. Patients infected with HCV genotype 1, and those with high baseline viral levels, which are characteristics associated with poor prognosis, had sustained virologic response rates ranging from 18% to 42% and 15% to 39%, respectively. Combination treatment was generally well tolerated. We propose that the potential benefit of HDC + IFN therapy for chronic HCV infection should be the focus of further investigation.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests, 1994 (1997)

Abstract Transplants were set out on 21 Mar (Test 1) and 12 May (Test 2) at the UG Coastal Plain Experiment Station Ponder Farm near Tifton. Plant spacing was 12 inches in the row and 36 inches between rows. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Insecticides were applied with a two-row boom equipped with three Spraying Systems TX18 hollow cone nozzles per row delivering 50 gpa at a pressure of 100 psi. A surfactant, Valent X-77 was included with all treatments at a concentration of 0.25%. Application dates were 25 Apr, 2, 9, 17, and 25 May (Test 1), and 1, 8, 13, 21 June; 8 and 13 July (Test 2). Larval counts on five plants per plot were made on 29 Apr, 5, 13 May (Test 1); 3, 10, 16, 24 Jun and 12 July (Test 2). On 30 May (Test 1) and 21 July (Test 2), market quality was determined by scoring 10 mature heads per plot using a 0-5 scale as given in the Table. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Exercise challenge alters Default Mode Network dynamics in Gulf War Illness (2019)

Exercise-induced alterations within the DMN provides novel evidence of GWI pathophysiology. More broadly, results suggest that task-related deactivation patterns may have biomarker potential in Gulf War Illness.
Selective reduction of heteroaromatic ketones: A combinatorial approach (2011)

The enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones is a most productiveway towards enantio enriched secondary alcohols used in the preparation of biologically active compounds. There are numerous transition metal catalyzed methods for this transformation, particularly based on Ru(II)-and Rh(I)-complexes, but there is a demand for a larger substrate scope. Heteroaromatic ketones are traditionally more challenging substrates. Normally a catalyst is developed for one benchmark substrate, and asubstrate screen is made with the best performing catalyst. Using this methodology, there is a high probability that for different substrates, another catalyst could outperform the one used. We have executed a multiple screen, containing a variety of different ligands together with both Ru and Rh, and heteroaromatic ketones to fine-tune, and find the optimum catalyst depending on the substrate. The acquired information was used to synthesize known, biologically active compounds, where the key reduction steps were performed with high enantioselectivities and yields.
Interfacial Tension of Two Ionic Liquids, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethylsulfate and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethylsulfate, with Compressed CO2 (2009)

In this work, the interfacial tension (IFT) of a two-phase system consisting of compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) and two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethylsulfate (1) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylsulfate (2), was measured in the pressure range of (0.1 to 20) MPa at (280, 300, and 320) K. The quasi-static procedure of the pendant drop method was used. The IFT follows the general trend, that is, receding values at increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The formation of bubbles in the IL phase and visible phase instabilities during mutual saturation of the phases suggest a high enthalpy of mixing. The viscosity of substance 2 significantly changed under CO2 pressure. No chemical reaction is visible in the IR spectrum. Therefore, this increase in viscosity results from the formation of a new solid phase.
NEW YORK CITY'S ARTERIAL CORRIDOR ACCIDENT REDUCTION PROGRAM (1999)

Within New York City (NYC), experience has shown that over 70% of all fatal accidents occur on arterial type streets. In order to improve safety on their arterial roadways, the NYC Department of Transportation is undertaking an expansive program aimed at improving safety while maintaining adequate traffic flow conditions. The program entails an examination of an arterial and the development of primarily low-cost or noncapital-intensive type traffic engineering improvements aimed at improving safety. The program also attempts to make use of the expanding computerized traffic signal network.
SICHERHEITSMASSNAHMEN AN LEITSCHRANKEN ZUM SCHUTZ DER MOTORRADFAHRER (1997)

Leitschranken an Strassen stellen eine Gefaehrdung fuer gestuerzte Motorradfahrer dar. Sicherheitsmassnahmen zum Schutz der Motorradfahrer sind seit laengerer Zeit bekannt, ihr Einsatz ist aber umstritten. Die Massnahmen verfolgen die Strategie, scharfkantige Leitschrankenpfosten zu vermeiden oder abzudecken. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Massnahmen und die damit verbundenen Risikoverminderungen sowie die durch die Sicherheitsmassnahmen verursachten Kosten werden in diesem Beitrag ermittelt. Auf der Basis einer Risikoanalyse und -bewertung werden Entscheidungsgrundlagen fuer den Einsatz von Sicherheitsmassnahmen an Leitschranken geschaffen. (A)
110. New therapeutic agents of the quinoline series. Part V. Pyridylacridines (1943)

A. H. Cook, I. M. Heilbron and A. Spinks, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 417 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000417
Regioselective Ortho Lithiation of 3-Aryl and 3-Styryl Furans (2005)

[structure: see text]. An unusual regioselectivity pattern for the ortho lithiation of 3-aryl and 3-styryl furans has been uncovered wherein lithiation occurs preferentially at the sterically encumbered 2-position. The results are attributed, at least in part, to stabilization of the intermediate furyl anion by through-space donation of pi-electron density from the substituent appended at the 3-position to the lithium cation. This ortho lithiation reaction may be applied as a useful synthetic tool for accessing 2,3-disubstituted furans.
A Microscopic and Analytic Study of Aluminum Particles Agglomeration (2001)

Abstract Aluminum powders added to solid propellants burn either as single particles or agglomerates. Combustion efficiency is very dependent on the final aluminum particle size injected into the chamber flowfield. This work has investigated experimentally the microscopic behavior of powdered aluminum particles during gradual heating in inert and oxidative atmospheres. Effects of surrounding gas composition, particle size, initial oxide layer thickness, and dilution by refractory compound on the particles behavior during heating have been studied. A novel model of a crucial stage in aluminum particles agglomeration based on estimation of mechanical stresses appearing in the oxide layer during particle heating has been suggested. Results of estimation confirm that disruption of oxide layer takes place during aluminum melting. This disruption results in the flow of a molten metal through cracks formed in the oxide layer and in the formation of large liquid drops. Results of theoretical calculations are in a good agreement with experimental data. Keywords: Combustion aluminum particles agglomeration solid propellants Additional informationNotes on contributorsV. ROSENBAND Corresponding author. Tel.: 972-4-8120271; Fax; 972-4-8231848; E-mail: aervaro@aero-dyne.technion.ac.il
Assimilation of Time-Lapse Temperature Observations and 4D-Seismic Data With the EnKF in SAGD Petroleum Reservoirs (2015)

Summary This paper presents the applications of the ensemble-Kalmanfilter (EnKF) inverse-modelling technique to petroleum-reservoir characterization of thermally operated oil fields in northern Alberta, Canada. The EnKF is applied to 2D- and 3D-case studies based on the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage heavy-oil-extraction method. The modelling technique integrates effectively both static and dynamic data (petrophysical core data from wellbores, continuous temperature data measured by thermocouples, and 4D-seismic attributes) into a petroleum-reservoir model. Assimilated secondary information provides better insight into geologic properties of a reservoir and improves production forecasting. The method performs well for linear or slightly nonlinear systems that follow a Gaussian distribution, but shows worse performance for nonlinear or non-Gaussian systems. Integration of a large amount of data with a small number of realizations leads to ensemble collapse because of insufficient degrees of freedom. Increasing the ensemble size is a solution, but by increasing forecasting time. To overcome these issues and reduce computational time, matrix localization techniques and a shortcut based on replacement of the model realizations with their mean in forecasting are suggested. Even though the EnKF has been proved to be simple in implementation and effective for modelling of continuous linear systems, special care should be taken for modelling nonlinear systems, including categorical variables (e.g., geologic facies).
The Electrolytic Reduction of Ketones in Glacial Acetic Acid: I . Reduction of Aromatic Ketones (1933)

The electrolytic reduction of benzophenone in sulfuric‐glacial acetic acid solution has been studied at cathodes of cadmium, tin, lead, bismuth, mercury, aluminum, zinc, carbon, nickel, copper, and iron. Benzpinacoline was the main identifiable product of the reduction. The optimum conditions for the reduction were: an acid concentration of 30 per cent sulfuric in glacial acetic acid, a current density of about 0.3 amp./cm. 4 , a temperature varying between 60 and 90° C., and with twice the theoretical current. The best yield of benzpinacoline obtained was 43 per cent of theoretical.
Vaccine elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from engineered B cells (2020)

HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can suppress viremia and protect against HIV infection. However, their elicitation is made difficult by low frequencies of appropriate precursor B cell receptors and the complex maturation pathways required to generate bnAbs from these precursors. Antibody genes can be engineered into B cells for expression as both a functional antigen receptor on cell surfaces and as secreted antibody. Here, we show that HIV bnAb-engineered primary mouse B cells can be adoptively transferred and vaccinated in immunocompetent mice resulting in the expansion of durable bnAb memory and long-lived plasma cells. Somatic hypermutation after immunization indicates that engineered cells have the capacity to respond to an evolving pathogen. These results encourage further exploration of engineered B cell vaccines as a strategy for durable elicitation of HIV bnAbs to protect against infection and as a contributor to a functional HIV cure.
Proteomic analysis of the lung in rats with hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. (2013)

Experimental pulmonary hypertension that develops in hypobaric hypoxia is characterized by structural remodeling of the lung. Proteomics - which may be the most powerful way to uncover unknown remodeling proteins involved in enhancing cardiovascular performance - was used to study 150 male Wistar rats housed for up to 21 days in a chamber at the equivalent of 5500 m altitude level. After 14 days' exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was significantly increased. In lung tissue, about 140 matching protein spots were found among 8 groups (divided according to their hypobaric period) by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) (pH4.5-pH6.5, 30 kDa-100 kDa). In hypobaric rats, three spots were increased two-fold or more (vs. control rats) in two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). The increased proteins were identified, by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF), as one isoform of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and two isoforms of protein disulfide isomerase associated 3. This result was confirmed by Western blotting analysis of 2D-PAGE. Conceivably, HSP70 and PDIA3 may play roles in modulating the lung structural remodeling that occurs due to pulmonary hypertension in hypobaric hypoxia.
Quantifying intrinsic parallelism via eigen-decomposition of dataflow graphs for algorithm/architecture co-exploration (2010)

Algorithmic complexity analysis and dataflow models play significant roles in the concurrent optimization of both algorithms and architectures, which is now a new design paradigm referred to as Algorithm/Architecture Co-exploration. One of the essential complexity metrics is the parallelism revealing the number of operations that can be concurrently executed. Inspired by the principle component analysis (PCA) capable of transforming random variables into uncorrelated ones and hence dependency analysis, this paper presents a systematic methodology for identifying independent operations in algorithms and hence quantifying the intrinsic degree of parallelism based on the dataflow modeling and subsequent eigen-decomposition of the dataflow graphs. Our quantified degree of parallelism is platform-independent and is capable of providing insight into architectural characteristics in early design stages. Starting from different dataflows derived from signal flow graphs in basic signal processing algorithms, the case study on DCT shows that our proposed method is capable of quantitatively characterizing the algorithmic parallelisms making possible the potentially facilitation of the design space exploration in early system design stages especially for parallel processing platforms.
Lipid Raft Phase Modulation by Membrane-Anchored Proteins with Inherent Phase Separation Properties (2019)

Cell plasma membranes are a heterogeneous mixture of lipids and membrane proteins. The importance of heterogeneous lipid domains (also called lipid rafts) as a molecular sorting platform has been implicated in many physiological processes. Cell plasma membranes that are detached from the cytoskeletal structure spontaneously phase separate into distinct domains at equilibrium, which show their inherent demixing properties. Recently, researchers have discovered that proteins with strong interprotein interactions also spontaneously phase separate into distinct protein domains, thus enabling the maintenance of many membraneless organelles. Protein phase separation may also take place on the lipid membranes via lipid-anchored proteins, which suggests another potential molecular sorting platform for physiological processes on the cell membrane. When two-phase separation properties coexist physiologically, they may change the resulting phase behavior or serve as independent sorting platforms. In this paper, we used in vitro reconstitution and fluorescence imaging to systematically quantify the phase behavior that arises when proteins with inherent phase separation properties interact with raft mixture lipid membranes. Our observations and simulations show both that the proteins may enhance lipid phase separation and that this is a general property of phase-separating protein systems with a diverse number of components involved. This suggests that we should consider the overall effect of the properties of both membrane-anchored proteins and lipids when interpreting molecular sorting phenomena on the membranes.
CXCL12 N-terminal end is sufficient to induce chemotaxis and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (2013)

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) respond to injury after brain injuries secreting IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10, as well as chemokine members of the CC and CXC ligand families. CXCL12 is one of the chemokines secreted at an injury site and is known to attract NSC-derived neuroblasts, cells that express CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Activation of CXCR4 by CXCL12 depends on two domains located at the N-terminal of the chemokine. In the present work we aimed to investigate if the N-terminal end of CXCL12, where CXCR4 binding and activation domains are located, was sufficient to induce NSC-derived neuroblast chemotaxis. Our data show that a synthetic peptide analogous to the first 21 amino acids of the N-terminal end of CXCL12, named PepC-C (KPVSLSYRCPCRFFESHIARA), is able to promote chemotaxis of neuroblasts in vivo, and stimulate chemotaxis and proliferation of CXCR4+ cells in vitro, without affecting NSC fate. We also show that PepC-C upregulates CXCL12 expression in vivo and in vitro. We suggest the N-terminal end of CXCL12 is responsible for a positive feedback loop to maintain a gradient of CXCL12 that attracts neuroblasts from the subventricular zone into an injury site.
A 1.9-GHz CMOS Low Noise Amplifier with Partial Source Degeneration (2009)

A 1.9GHz fully integrated Low Noise Amplifier with Partial Source Degeneration technique (LNA-PSD) has been implemented in a 0.35µm CMOS technology. This amplifier provides a forward gain of 11dB with a noise figure of 3.4dB while drawing 11mW from a 1.8V supply source.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer imaging and staging (2011)

MRI of the prostate can be used to address several of the clinical issues associated with diagnosing and treating prostate cancer. We have found dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCEMRI) to be valuable tool in visualizing and characterizing malignancies. Our approach is based on the three-time point method (3TP), which is a simplified model based method for analyzing DCEMRI of the prostate. This method is a high-spatial, low temporal resolution approach. We have found that this approach can be combined with more conventional MRI methods to give highly accurate staging of prostate cancer. An unanticipated clinical benefit has been the ability to use DCEMRI to image men with elevated PSA and repeat negative biopsy. We have also used a model independent approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the DCEMRI datasets.
Mechanism and rate of permeation of cells by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (1987)

The principal mechanism of cellular uptake of benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from lipoproteins into cells is spontaneous transfer through the aqueous phase (Plant, A. L., Benson, D.M., and Smith, L.C. (1985) J. Cell Biol. 100, 1295-1308). Cellular uptake of benzo(a)pyrene from low density lipoproteins followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant that was independent of the relative lipoprotein concentrations or cell number but which was 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the rate constant for benzo(a)pyrene desorption from low density lipoproteins. Moreover, identical rate constants for cellular uptake of benzo(a)pyrene were observed when the donor vehicle was high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, or single bilayer phosphatidylcholine vesicles, even though rate constants for benzo(a)pyrene transfer from these donor vehicles differed by 10-fold. When phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing benzo(a)pyrene and a nontransferable fluorescence quencher were mixed with cells in a stopped-flow system, two kinetic components were distinguished: a fast component with a rate constant corresponding to that measured for transfer of benzo(a)pyrene out of vesicles, followed by a much slower component, with a time course approximating that measured for cellular accumulation of benzo(a)pyrene by other techniques. Rate constants for desorption of a series of PAH which contained different number of aromatic rings from phosphatidylcholine vesicles differed over a 70-fold range. First-order rate constants for cell uptake of benzo(a)pyrene and five other PAH of different molecular sizes had the same 70-fold range of values, but were 2 orders of magnitude smaller than their respective rate constants for desorption from single bilayer vesicles. In addition, activation energies for cell uptake were essentially identical to the respective activation energies for desorption of PAH from phosphatidylcholine vesicles, confirming the mechanistic similarity of the two processes.
Identification of the Non-lysosomal Glucosylceramidase as β-Glucosidase 2 (2006)

The primary catabolic pathway for glucosylceramide is catalyzed by the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase that is defective in Gaucher disease patients. A distinct non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase has been described but its identity remained enigmatic for years. We here report that the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase is identical to the earlier described bile acid beta-glucosidase, being beta-glucosidase 2 (GBA2). Expressed GBA2 is identical to the native non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase in various enzymatic features such as substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. Expression of GBA2 coincides with increased non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase activity, and GBA2-targeted RNA interference reduces endogenous non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase activity in cells. GBA2 is found to be located at or close to the cell surface, and its activity is linked to sphingomyelin generation. Hydrophobic deoxynojirimycins are extremely potent inhibitors for GBA2. In mice pharmacological inhibition of GBA2 activity is associated with impaired spermatogenesis, a phenomenon also very recently reported for GBA2 knock-out mice (Yildiz, Y., Matern, H., Thompson, B., Allegood, J. C., Warren, R. L., Ramirez, D. M., Hammer, R. E., Hamra, F. K., Matern, S., and Russell, D. W. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116, 2985-2994). In conclusion, GBA2 plays a role in cellular glucosylceramide metabolism.
Artificial neural network based stability testing of two-dimensional infinite impulse response digital filters (1992)

An alternative technique for testing the stability of a 2-D infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filter using artificial neural networks is presented. The technique provides a comprehensive solution for each class of filters and utilizes a network architecture with multiple synaptic weights.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>