gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Object Representation for Exploitation of Remotely Sensed Images (1979)

The value of digital 3-D object representation as an aid to exploit remotely sensed images has been demonstrated. Experience has shown that knowledge about what is being viewed is required to accomplish non-trivial object recognition tasks when such an aid is used. Previous approaches representing knowledge as constraints in a relaxation scheme or as templates for pattern matching, lack flexibility and realism. This paper presents recent research results on a shaded surface computer graphics approach that uses a knowledge base consisting of a library of three-dimensional objects represented as surfaces and skeletons. Objects include pieces of terrain, vehicles and buildings. The surfaces for these objects are generated by mapping surfaces onto topological contours or onto a series of cross sectional object outlines. For branching contours (n contours in section i connecting to m contours in section i+i), the surfaces are mapped by first concatenating the section i contours into a single large contour, similarly concatenating the section i+i contours, then performing the one to one mapping. Capping off single arbitrarily shaped contours is done by computing the medial axis transform of the contours, constructing the medial axis contour and then mapping a surface from the contour to the medial axis contour. The skeleton of a general three-dimensional closed polygonal surface may be obtained through use of a three-dimensional extension of the medial axis transform. This research has resulted in a mapping algorithm that provides a more general method for obtaining surface descriptions of non-analytic contour defined objects suitable for placement in a scene and for shaded surface rendition. Furthermore, depth profiles of the scene may be generated, which are useful for comparisons with actual depth information.
A Model to Determine Nonoccupational Human Exposure to Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers in the Northern Cape, South Africa (2009)

Numerous cases of asbestos-related health problems and more than 2700 deaths have been recorded in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Residents sought compensation from the now-defunct mining companies and the matter was eventually settled, out of court, in the United Kingdom, with Cape PLC awarding compensation to victims. To administer these funds, the Asbestos Relief Trust was established. Claimants who were employed by the asbestos industry received compensation. However, several nonoccupational claims for compensation were also lodged against the Asbestos Relief Trust. In this paper, a model is proposed to validate claims of people who were never employed by the asbestos industry. This model involves estimating fiber concentrations in the atmosphere likely to impact persons downwind, and involves the variables of wind speed and direction, distance from fiber source, time, and dosage exposure in fiber years. The paper thus presents an application of aeolian processes to health issues.
The Formation of Glucose 1, 6-Diphosphate from Fructose 1, 6-Diphosphate by Yeast Phosphoglucomutase (1972)

It was found that fructose 1, 6-diphosphate, the main intermediate of glycolysis, was able to act as a coenzyme of yeast phosphoglucomutase reaction. The mechanism of the coenzymatic activity of fructose 1, 6-diphosphate was studied. It was indicated in the fructose 1, 6diphosphate dependent reaction that glucose 1, 6-diphosphate was formed by the phosphatetransfer of fructose 1, 6-diphosphate to glucose 1-phosphate in the first step, and in the second step the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate, the original mutase reaction, occurred in the presence of glucose 1, 6-diphosphate. The kinetic constants in the reaction of the first step were determined from the time courses of the fructose 1, 6-diphosphate dependent reaction.
A Modulo-Based Architecture for Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2018)

Systems that capture and process analog signals must first acquire them through an analog-to-digital converter. While subsequent digital processing can remove statistical correlations present in the acquired data, the dynamic range of the converter is typically scaled to match that of the input analog signal. The present paper develops an approach for analog-to-digital conversion that aims at minimizing the number of bits per sample at the output of the converter. This is attained by reducing the dynamic range of the analog signal by performing a modulo operation on its amplitude, and then quantizing the result. While the converter itself is universal and agnostic of the statistics of the signal, the decoder operation on the output of the quantizer can exploit the statistical structure in order to unwrap the modulo folding. The performance of this method is shown to approach information theoretical limits, as captured by the rate-distortion function, in various settings. An architecture for modulo analog-to-digital conversion via ring oscillators is suggested, and its merits are numerically demonstrated.
Laterally vibrating lithium niobate MEMS resonators with 30% electromechanical coupling coefficient (2017)

This paper demonstrates laterally vibrating lithium niobate (LN) microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators operating at 500 MHz with an electromechanical coupling coefficient (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) around 30% - the highest ever attained for this class of resonators. This accomplishment is made possible by the use of direct bonding of bulk X-cut LN wafers to high resistivity silicon and a resonator electrode layout that permits harnessing the full capabilities of the film.
MPEG-2 video compression (1995)

MPEG-2 is an extension of the MPEG-1 international standard for digital compression of audio and video signals. MPEG-1 was designed to code progressively scanned video at bit rates up to about 1.5 Mbit/s for applications such as CD-I (compact disc interactive). MPEG-2 is directed at broadcast formats at higher data rates; it provides extra algorithmic `tools&apos; for efficiently coding interlaced video, supports a wide range of bit rates and provides for multichannel surround sound coding. This tutorial paper introduces the principles used for compressing video according to the MPEG-2 standard, outlines the general structure of a video coder and decoder, and describes the subsets (`profiles&apos;) of the toolkit and the sets of constraints on parameter values (`levels&apos;) defined to date.
A Cry in the Wilderness—On Eugene O’Neill’s Plays (2015)

Eugene O’Neill is the foremost playwright and the founder of the American theatre, there has not been any dramatist to equal him. Although Eugene O’Neill lived in a world of pragmatism, he made great efforts to search for the meaning of life. O’Neill is very close to those social outcasts and it is pretty sure that O’Neill portrays them from his loving memory with deep sympathy and understanding. All of his plays are “a cry in the wilderness”.
The Plasmodium falciparum-Specific Human Memory B Cell Compartment Expands Gradually with Repeated Malaria Infections (2010)

Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria is only acquired after years of repeated infections and wanes rapidly without ongoing parasite exposure. Antibodies are central to malaria immunity, yet little is known about the B-cell biology that underlies the inefficient acquisition of Pf-specific humoral immunity. This year-long prospective study in Mali of 185 individuals aged 2 to 25 years shows that Pf-specific memory B-cells and antibodies are acquired gradually in a stepwise fashion over years of repeated Pf exposure. Both Pf-specific memory B cells and antibody titers increased after acute malaria and then, after six months of decreased Pf exposure, contracted to a point slightly higher than pre-infection levels. This inefficient, stepwise expansion of both the Pf-specific memory B-cell and long-lived antibody compartments depends on Pf exposure rather than age, based on the comparator response to tetanus vaccination that was efficient and stable. These observations lend new insights into the cellular basis of the delayed acquisition of malaria immunity.
An Automatic Equalizer for General-Purpose Communication Channels (1967)

The restriction imposed by linear distortion on the flow of information in a communication channel is well known. In the past, the effects of this distortion have been alleviated through the use of manually adjusted equalizing or compensating networks. The adjustment of these networks is too cumbersome a process for the user of a switched communication service to perform each time a new connection is established. Therefore, in present switched networks, control of linear distortion is imposed only on the individual links. Variation between links and variation of the number of links in tandem result in channels with distributed performance. Lower distortion can be achieved by equalizing the overall connection. Recent developments have made automatic linear distortion removal (equalization) practical for synchronous data communication systems. Here an implementation is described wherein these techniques have been generalized so that automatic equalization can be provided for a communication channel independent of the signal format used in that channel. For a number of applications the speed of automatic equalization makes efficient end-to-end equalization practical in a switched network. The implementation described affords automatic minimization of the discrepancy between a specified response and the actual response of a linear transmission medium. Thus, on the one hand, it permits the automatic reduction of transmission defects such as signal dispersion and echoes, and, on the other hand, it permits the mechanized synthesis of filters with specified transfer functions. This paper reviews the general aspects of automatic equalization, describes an implementation of a general purpose automatic equalizer, discusses the theoretical performance of such an equalizer as determined from computer simulations, and lastly presents results for the equalization of real channels using the implementation described.
Experiments on Bending-Torsion Flutter in Presence of Piezoelectric Actuators (2005)

*† ‡ § In this study a medium-aspect-ratio aeroelastic wing model with a slender body attached to its tip has been designed and manufactured. The model was tested in the Technion subsonic wind tunnel and its response to flutter and a limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) has been measured and analyzed. The effects of geometric structural nonlinear behavior and aerodynamic stall on both flutter instability boundary, and on nonlinear response have been studied. A MSC/NASTRAN finite-element structural model was constructed for the wing model and calculations were performed for comparison with the experimental data. Structural equations of motion based on linear beam theory were combined with a ZAERO unsteady aerodynamic model. The flutter velocity and frequency obtained in the linear finite element analysis were practically identical with those observed in the experiment for an angle of attack, α = -0.7 deg. Also, the predicted behavior pattern was found to be very close to the shape of oscillations obtained in the experiments. The onset of LCO appeared to be dependent on a balance between stall aerodynamics and the structural nonlinear forces. Closed loop fuzzy logic based control tests of flutter/LCO suppressing were initiated and have indicated that improvements relative to the open loop case could be achieved.
Photoluminescence and Raman scattering studies of 2 MeV Yb+-implanted InP as a function of etching depth (1996)

In ion-implanted semiconductors, details of the defects involved and annealing mechanisms which determine the final disorder structure are complicated and difficult to characterize. To investigate the residual defect distribution of the implanted layers, optical experiments, photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and Raman scattering have been performed on 2 MeV Yb+-implanted InP and subsequently annealed at 750 °C for 15 min as a function of chemical etching depth (d) down to d=4.51×Rp (Rp: projected range =410 nm). Their results were compared with those obtained from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) channeling analysis. The above optical experiments showed that two residual defective regions are present at depths of d=0.34–0.80×Rp and about d=2.56×Rp, whereas RBS channeling analysis indicated the existence of the only former region. We assign the type of the two defective regions to ‘‘clamshell’’ defects in the former region and to ‘‘end-of-range’’ defects in the latter region.
Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment Costs in the Medicare Patient Population. (2020)

Although limiting hyaluronic acid use may reduce the knee OA-related costs, in this study hyaluronic acid injection only comprised a small fraction of the overall costs related to knee OA. Among patients who had knee arthroplasty, those who received treatment with hyaluronic acid had surgery delayed by a median of 10.7 months and associated costs for a significant period. The ability to delay or avoid knee arthroplasty altogether can have a substantial impact on healthcare costs.
Multiphoton Imaging Techniques in Acute Kidney Injury (2010)

Multiphoton microscopy allows investigators the opportunity to study dynamic events within the functioning kidney and during acute kidney injury. This enables investigators to follow complex multifactorial processes in the kidney with improved spatial and temporal resolution, and sensitivity. Furthermore, the ability to obtain volumetric data (3-D) makes quantitative 4-D (time) analysis possible. Finally, use of up to three fluorophores concurrently in multiphoton microscopy allows for three different or interactive processes to be observed simultaneously. Therefore, this approach compliments existing molecular, biochemical and pharmacologic techniques by allowing for direct visualization at the cellular and subcellular levels for molecules without the requirement for fixation. Its use in acute kidney injury is in its infancy but offers much promise for unraveling the complex interdependent processes known to contribute to cell injury and organ failure.
Hypertension in Germany (2016)

New data add evidence for lower BP in Germany. However, the prevention potential remains high. Future research based on population-based data should place a special focus on blood pressure data in young men.
Effect of activation on the reactivity of cellulose (1980)

The effect of activating agents (NaOH, NH/sub 3/, etc.) on the solvent retention capacity, swelling, plateau d.p., etherification, enzymic degradation, and lattice transformation of linters and sulfite pulp is discussed.
Toward a Uniform Approach to the Unfolding of Nets (2018)

In this paper we introduce the notion of spread net. Spread nets are (safe) Petri nets equipped with vector clocks on places and with ticking functions on transitions, and are such that vector clocks are consistent with the ticking of transitions. Such nets generalize previous families of nets like unfoldings, merged processes and trellis processes, and can thus be used to represent runs of a net in a true concurrency semantics through an operation called the spreading of a net. By contrast with previous constructions, which may identify conflicts, spread nets allow loops in time
Convergence properties of weighted particle islands with application to the double bootstrap algorithm (2016)

Particle island models [31] provide a means of parallelization of sequential Monte Carlo methods, and in this paper we present novel convergence results for algorithms of this sort. In particular we establish a central limit theorem—as the number of islands and the common size of the islands tend jointly to infinity—of the double bootstrap algorithm with possibly adaptive selection on the island level. For this purpose we introduce a notion of archipelagos of weighted islands and find conditions under which a set of convergence properties are preserved by different operations on such archipelagos. This theory allows arbitrary compositions of these operations to be straightforwardly analyzed, providing a very flexible framework covering the double bootstrap algorithm as a special case. Finally, we establish the long-term numerical stability of the double bootstrap algorithm by bounding its asymptotic variance under weak and easily checked assumptions satisfied typically for models with non-compact state space.
Chiral CdSe/CdS quantum dot (in rod)-light-emitting diodes with circularly polarized electroluminescence (2022)

Chiral quantum dot (in rod)-light-emitting diodes (CQLEDs) with circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) have driven interest in the future display, communication, and storage industries. However, the preparation of CQLEDs is still a challenging unresolved. Herein, we fabricated CQLEDs through spin-coating evaporation of chiral CdSe/CdS quantum rods (CCCQs) colloidal solution on indium tin oxide substrate. The CCCQs were synthesized via an isotropically epitaxial growth with cholic acid as the symmetry breaking agent, which induced one-direction chiral dislocation around the c axis of their hexagonal crystal structure. The CCCQs were ranked side-by-side in right-handed chiral arrangement with helical axis perpendicular to substrate due to chiral driving force of the cholic acid arrangement. The CQLEDs exhibited a negative CPEL signal at 600 nm with a |gEL| of 2 × 10−4, which is ascribable to the selective filtration on emission arising from the circular Bragg resonance by quasi-photonic crystal structures.
Journey: (October 2000) (2000)

President's column - No abstract available.
Building Inclusion through Grass-Roots Efforts: The Case for Employee Resource Groups (2019)

Today’s news includes headlines that demonstrate that a lot of our work to improve diversity and inclusion has had limited success. Training programs focused on top-down knowledge sharing are not having the impact needed to change attitudes and behavior. It’s time to look for alternative interventions, and in this symposium, we suggest that one such path to inclusion is through expanded deployment of employee resource groups (ERGs). These are often initiated by Human Resources (HR) departments and have come to drive high levels of change in businesses around the world, in multiple industries and both larger and smaller firms. The premise of ERGs is simple – bring together people whose identities are alike on some aspect (e.g. demography, interests, circumstances), build confidence and knowledge within the group and then expand out to drive change, inclusion and innovation in organizations. Because ERGs are business focused, they can carry more credibility than other diversity programs. Also, ERGs are evolving and moving from pure demographic-focused groups (e.g. Hispanic, African American / Black, Women, etc.) to groups that have shared interests (social justice) or circumstances (palliative care). ERGs bring issues facing employees to the forefront and provide a process for individuals to contribute to a more inclusive workplace. The result is learning from close-up experience with employees who are not “like you,” and this deep, personal context for inclusion is proving to work. In this session we share an overview of ERGs, samples of research being done, and our goal is to include a larger audience of researchers in the exploration of research on ERGs. A Social Identity Exploration of the Role of Employee Resource Groups in Organizations Presenter: Jonathan Ashong- Lamptey; London School of Economics Why Men Matter? The Admission of Men into Women’s Internal Networks as a Way to Reduce Gender Inequality Presenter: Denis Monneuse; UQAM U. du QuÃ©bec A MontrÃ©al The Influence of State-level Nondiscrimination Laws on LGBT ERG Outcomes Presenter: Gregory Robert Beaver; Suffolk U. Out of the Shadows: LGBT Employee Resource Group Leaders Embracing Their Identity Presenter: Kevin England; Lynn U.
Estimation of mechanical properties of steel strip in hot dip galvanising lines (2004)

In this paper, the application of data mining and artificial intelligence techniques stemming from other problem areas to the particular case of a galvanised steel manufacturing process, is presented. The main goal is to optimise the quality control of galvanised steel by developing a predictive model of the mechanical properties according to the chemical composition and manufacturing conditions in the annealing furnace.
An Analysis of Model-Based Reinforcement Learning From Abstracted Observations (2022)

Many methods for Model-based Reinforcement learning (MBRL) in Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide guarantees for both the accuracy of the model they can deliver and the learning efficiency. At the same time, state abstraction techniques allow for a reduction of the size of an MDP while maintaining a bounded loss with respect to the original problem. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that no such guarantees are available when combining both techniques, i.e., where MBRL merely observes abstract states. Our theoretical analysis shows that abstraction can introduce a dependence between samples collected online (e.g., in the real world). That means that, without taking this dependence into account, results for MBRL do not directly extend to this setting. Our result shows that we can use concentration inequalities for martingales to overcome this problem. This result makes it possible to extend the guarantees of existing MBRL algorithms to the setting with abstraction. We illustrate this by combining R-MAX, a prototypical MBRL algorithm, with abstraction, thus producing the first performance guarantees for model-based 'RL from Abstracted Observations': model-based reinforcement learning with an abstract model.
Ruthenium-based compounds and tumour growth control (review). (2000)

Heavy metals have often been represented, as an uncertain entity related to renal and other risks of toxicity. In favour of this thought there are several lines of evidence, first of all traffic pollution, other evidence that metals such as arsenite, mercury, cadmium or even iron or radioactive heavy metals, that may be introduced into the body by accident, have been responsible of well known pathologies (for example saturnism with lead) or acute toxicity. Therefore, the biological and medical literature have debated on this subject, mainly from the toxicological point of view, rather than studying possible advantages that might come from compounds based on these metals. Exceptions are represented by studies on the role of metal ions in the biochemistry of enzymes and energy production and, although with less emphasis, on their possible use for correcting metabolic malfunctions. Ruthenium, as a metal, has received an even poorer interest and besides the use in histology, neither ruthenium ions nor ruthenium compounds have a clear place in medicine and biology. Nevertheless, since the middle seventies, many studies have been published, showing in a convincible and repetitive manner, the possible advantages of ruthenium as a base for new competitive drugs. The aim of this review is therefore that of critically examining the past and the actual work on ruthenium compounds with emphasis on their proposed role in cancer therapy.