gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schottky barrier formation on (NH4)2S-treated n- and p-type (100)GaAs (1988)

Because of a large surface state density, which effectively pins the Fermi level at the surface, metals with vastly different work functions and chemistry produce very similar Schottky barriers when deposited on GaAs. We have investigated the effects of an (NH4)2S surface treatment on the formation of Schottky barriers on n- and p-type GaAs. Samples which have undergone the (NH4)2S treatment show a reduced pinning of the Fermi level at the surface and hence Schottky barriers which are more sensitive to the metal work function.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Branched Chain 2‐Deoxyoct‐3‐ulosonic Acid Derivatives as Precursors for C‐Nucleoside Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NEW ANTITUMOR AGENT: [Pt(cis-1,4-DIAMINOCYCLOHEXANE)(1,1-CYCLOBUTANEDICARBOXYLATE)] (1994)

Abstract The crystal structure of [Pt(cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane) (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate)]·1 1/2H2O has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic with space group P21 /c, a = 10.358(5), b = 21.887(6), c = 13.920(7)Å, β = 107.26(3)° and Z = 8. The platinum atom has slightly distorted square planar geometry, with two adjacent corners being occupied by two amino nitrogens of cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (1,4-DACH) and the remaining two positions occupied with two oxygens of 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate. The DACH moiety is in a twist-boat conformation and makes a seven-membered chelating ring with platinum. The strain in bidentate 1,4-DACH binding with platinum is evidenced by the expansion of average N-Pt-N and Pt-N-C angles to 98.2° and 123.4°, respectively. The cyclobutane ring is nonplanar. There are two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit surrounding the three water molecules. The equatorial planes of the two molecules are titled at 32° to each other. The near edges are directly hydrogen-bonded, while the open side is hydrogen bonded through the water molecules.
Solvent-Free One-Pot Reduction of Imines Generated in situ from Aldehydes and Aniline by Tributyltin Hydride on Silica Gel (2002)

Abstract Imines generated in situ from aldehydes and aniline can be reduced using tributyltin hydride on silica gel under solvent-free conditions to provide the corresponding amines in good yields.
Neurological Dashboards and Consultation Turnaround Time at an Academic Medical Center (2019)

At a large academic institution, we found a significant decrease in inpatient consult TAT 5 and 12 months after the implementation of a neurological dashboard. Further study is necessary to investigate the cognitive and operational effects of aggregative dashboards in neurology and to optimize their use.
New strategies maximize para-xylene production (1994)

Strong consumption growth and the shutdown of some capacity in 1992 have completely eliminated the surplus of para-xylene (p-xylene) capacity, which existed from 1990 to 1993. p-Xylene supplies are becoming tight and market prices have risen dramatically over the last several months, sparking considerable interest in new p-xylene production capacity. However, adding new capacity does not necessarily mean building new grassroots facilities. Additional capacity can be found'' by creative use of existing BTX (benzene, toluene and xylenes) resources. Options include: debottleneck existing units, reload with new catalysts, convert idle units to new services and diversify into new feedstocks. By making the most of existing facilities, producers can capitalize on the current upswing of the p-xylene market cycle. The paper describes this high demand chemical and how it is integrated with BTX complexes, then discusses short-, medium-, and long-term strategies for increased production.
Joint Precoding and Jamming Design for Secure Transmission in NOMA-ISAC Networks (2022)

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is an up-and-coming technique for future 6G networks. However, the communication message carried by the detection waveform will face the risk of being eavesdropped, which leads to the challenge of wireless security for ISAC networks. In this paper, we leverage non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to support more users for the ISAC network, with the precoding well designed to guarantee the security. Specifically, we formulate a joint precoding optimization problem to maximize the sum secrecy rate for multiple users via artificial jamming, where the superimposed signal for NOMA users can be concurrently employed for the target detection. Since the optimization problem is non-convex, it is transformed into a convex one based on successive convex approximation (SCA). Then, we propose an iterative algorithm, through which the original optimization problem can be solved effectively. Simulation results show that the proposed secure NOMA-ISAC scheme can guarantee the secure transmission while ensuring the sensing performance.
Quantity of Remaining Double Bonds of Propanal-containing Resins (1994)

Improved mechanical properties of resin composites have been reported to be a consequence of the addition of aldehyde to the resins. The objective of the present study was to examine whether this improvement could be attributed to an increased degree of conversion of double bonds. For this purpose, propanal was added to monomer mixtures, which were then made light-curing. The monomer mixtures were varied with respect to monomer composition and content of propanal. The quantity of remaining double bonds was determined by means of transmission infrared spectra of the resins recorded before and after wet or dry storage for one week. The addition of propanal resulted in a decrease in the quantity of remaining double bonds by as much as 89% as compared with the mixtures without propanal. Negative correlations of statistical significance were found between the content of propanal and quantity of remaining double bonds in BISGMA:TEGDMA-based as well as in UEDMA:HEMA-based resins for both modes of storage. Significant negative correlations were found between the quantity of remaining double bonds and the previously determined mechanical properties.
Model-based multisensor data fusion: a minimal representation approach (2002)

A general approach to model-based multisensor data fusion using a minimal representation size criterion is described. Each sensor is modeled by a general constraint equation which defines a data constraint manifold (DCM), and observed sensor data populate the measurement space according to these constraints. The choice of multisensor interpretations is based on a minimal representation size criterion which evaluates the complexity through correspondence and encoded errors weighted by relative sensor accuracy and precision. This general framework automatically selects subsets of data features called constraining data feature sets (CDFS) and chooses the CDFS corresponding to a minimal representation interpretation of the observed data. The resulting procedure fuses heterogeneous sensor readings into a single estimation method. The method is illustrated for a visual and tactile data fusion example. The approach generalizes to problems with non-geometric models, and can be used for multisensor system identification in other domains such as process control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Screening and Management of Osteoporosis in Gastric Cancer Patients (2011)

Osteoporosis in gastric cancer patients is often overlooked or even neglected despite its high prevalence in these patients. Considering that old age, malnutrition, chronic disease, chemotherapy, decreased body mass index and gastrectomy are independent risk factors for osteoporosis, it is reasonable that the prevalence of osteoporosis in gastric cancer patients would be high. Many surviving patients suffer from back pain and pathological fractures, which are related to osteoporosis. Fractures have obvious associated morbidities, negative impact on quality of life, and impose both direct and indirect costs. In the era of a >55.6% 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer and increased longevity in gastric cancer patients, it is very important to eliminate common sequelae such as osteoporosis. Fortunately, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is well established and many therapeutic agents have been shown to be effective and safe not only in postmenopausal females but also in elderly males. Recently, effective treatments of gastric cancer patients with osteoporosis using bisphosphonates, which are commonly used in postmenopausal woman, were reported.
Expression of two transgenes in in vitro matured and fertilized bovine zygotes after DNA microinjection (1995)

Bovine zygotes produced by in vitro maturation-in vitro fertilization (IVM-IVF) were examined for their potential to serve as recipients of transgenes. Pronuclei, which were maximally visible at about 22 h after IVF, were injected with a SV40-LacZ construct (pSVON). Injected zygotes had lower cleavage rates (49.1%, n = 1162, P < 0.01) than did either noninjected controls (87.4%, n = 1420) or noninjected zygotes in which pronuclei were not visible (67.6%, n = 803). Zygotes that were injected into their pronuclei cleaved as well as zygotes injected cytoplasmically. At 48 h after injection, when most embryos had reached the four- and eight-cell stages, more zygotes in the pronuclear group (22.7%, n = 125) stained positively for LacZ than did zygotes in the cytoplasmic group (8.0%, n = 125). A group of zygotes injected into the pronucleus with pSVON was cultured for 9 days. More morulae (10.8%, n = 134) than blastocysts (3.2%, n = 31) expressed the LacZ gene, indicating that silencing of expression occurred as development progressed. Another group of zygotes was injected with a beta-actin-LacZ gene construct (pbActinLacZ) and, of the embryos assayed at 48 h, 10.6% (n = 255) stained positively. At 9 days, 36.3% of morulae (n = 91) and 21% of blastocysts (n = 33) expressed the transgene. Almost all putative transgenic embryos injected with either construct showed a mosaic pattern of LacZ expression, with an average of only 2-3 cells staining at the eight-cell stage and the majority of cells in positive blastocysts showing no evidence of expression.
Single-Cell Optical Absorbance Characterization With High-Throughput Microfluidic Microscopy (2015)

Morphological changes in cells associated with disease states are often assessed using clinical microscopy. However, the changes in chemical composition of cells can also be used to detect disease conditions. Optical absorption measurements carried out on single cells using inexpensive sources, detectors can help assess the chemical composition of cells; thereby enable detection of diseases. In this article, we present a novel technique capable of simultaneously detecting changes in morphology and chemical composition of cells. The presented technique enables characterization of optical absorbance-based methods against microscopy for detection of disease states. Using the technique, we have been able to achieve a throughput of about 1000 cells per second. We demonstrate the proof-of-principle by detecting malaria in a given blood sample. The presented technique is capable of detecting very lower levels of parasitemia within time scales comparable to antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests.
Inhibitory effect of cannabichromene, a major non‐psychotropic cannabinoid extracted from Cannabis sativa, on inflammation‐induced hypermotility in mice (2012)

CBC selectively reduces inflammation-induced hypermotility in vivo in a manner that is not dependent on cannabinoid receptors or TRPA1.
Subcutaneous glucose sensor values closely parallel blood glucose during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (2003)

This study suggests that during a fall in systemic glucose the subcutaneous glucose sensor provides an accurate reflection of blood glucose. However, a small difference is apparent at blood glucose values < 3.3 mmol/l.
The design of a SRAM-based field-programmable gate array-Part II: Circuit design and layout (1999)

For Pt.I see ibid., vol.7, pp.191-7 (1999). Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA's) are now widely used for the implementation of digital systems, and many commercial architectures are available. Although the literature and data books contain detailed descriptions of these architectures, there is very little information on how the high-level architecture was chosen and no information on the circuit-level or physical design of the devices. In Part I of this paper, we described the high-level architectural design of a static random-access memory programmable FPGA. This paper will address the circuit-design issues through to the physical layout. We address area-speed tradeoffs in the design of the logic block circuits and in the connections between the logic and the routing structure. All commercial FPGA designs are done using full-custom hand layout to obtain absolute minimum die sizes. This is both labor and time intensive. We propose a design style with a minitile that contains a portion of all the components in the logic tile, resulting in less full-custom effort. The minitile is replicated in a 4/spl times/4 array to create a macro tile. The minitile is optimized for layout density and speed, and is customized in the array by adding appropriate vias. This technique also permits easy changing of the hard-wired connections in the logic block architecture and the segmentation length distribution in the routing architecture.
Generalized String Matching (1987)

Given a pattern string of length n and an object string of length m, the string matching problem asks for the positions of all occurrences of the pattern in the object string. This paper investigates a generalization of string matching, in which the pattern is a sequence of pattern elements, each compatible with a set of symbols. The alphabet of symbols is infinite, with its members encoded in a finite alphabet. In contrast to standard string matching, which can be solved in simultaneous linear time and constant space, it is shown that generalized string matching requires a time-space product of $\Omega ({{n^2 } / {\log n}})$ on a powerful model of computation, when the alphabet is restricted to n symbols. Our proof uses a method of Borodin. The obvious algorithm for generalized string matching requires time $O(NM)$, where N is the length of the encoding of the pattern, and M is that of the object string. We describe an algorithm which solves generalized string matching in time $O(N + M + mN^{{1 / 2}} {\operatorname{polylog}} (n))$.
Surface wave dispersion inversion using an energy likelihood function (2022)

SUMMARY Seismic surface wave dispersion inversion is used widely to study the subsurface structure of the Earth. The dispersion property is usually measured by using frequency–phase velocity (f–c) analysis of data recorded on a local array of receivers. The apparent phase velocity at each frequency of the surface waves travelling across the array is that at which the f–c spectrum has maximum amplitude. However, because of potential contamination by other wave arrivals or due to complexities in the velocity structure the f–c spectrum often has multiple maxima at each frequency for each mode. These introduce errors and ambiguity in the picked phase velocities, and consequently the estimated shear velocity structure can be biased, or may not account for the full uncertainty in the data. To overcome this issue we introduce a new method which directly uses the spectrum as the data to be inverted. We achieve this by solving the inverse problem in a Bayesian framework and define a new likelihood function, the energy likelihood function, which uses the spectrum energy to define data fit. We apply the new method to a land data set recorded by a dense receiver array, and compare the results to those obtained using the traditional method. The results show that the new method produces more accurate results since they better match independent data from refraction tomography. This real-data application also shows that it can be applied with relatively little adjustment to current practice since it uses standard f–c panels to define the likelihood, and efficiently since it removes the need to pick phase velocities. We therefore conclude that the energy likelihood function can be a valuable tool for surface wave dispersion inversion in practice.
Stressed-Out Oral Immunity: A Gateway From Socioeconomic Adversity to Periodontal Disease (2019)

These findings suggest that psychosocial stress may contribute to a proinflammatory immunity that is implicated in PD pathobiology and provide insight into social-to-biological processes in oral health.
A Novel Formulation for Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) Particles Enhancing MR Lymphography: Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and The In Vivo Behaviour (2002)

The major aim of this study was to prove or disprove the theories concerning the correlation between physicochemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles and their accumulation in the lymph nodes. New SPIO particles were produced using starch as stabilising polymer shell. The synthesis was done in a two-step procedure using conventional wet-chemical precipitation technique and subsequent coating of the iron oxide cores. The particles were physicochemically characterised and their lymphotrophy studied in rats using well described lymphotropic dextran-coated SPIO particles as reference. Despite the short blood half-lives of approximately 13 min and the relatively large sizes (approximately 60-90 nm), the starch SPIO particles proved at least as efficient in lymph node accumulation as the small 25 nm dextran SPIO particles having a half-life of 90 min. The currently accepted theories concerning the connection between particle properties and their uptake into lymph nodes are not generally valid, or have at least to be limited for dextran-coated SPIO particles. Lymph node targeting could be achieved despite the present theories consider small size (<30 nm) and long circulation times in the blood as prerequisites. Histological examination showed, that SPIO particles could only be found in lymph node areas where macrophages could be marked which enclosed the particles. Localisation in marginal areas of the lymph nodes indicates endothelial transcytosis as the major accumulation pathway.
Molecular interactions with ice: Molecular embedding, adsorption, detection, and release (2014)

The interaction of atomic and molecular species with water and ice is of fundamental importance for chemistry. In a previous series of publications, we demonstrated that translational energy activates the embedding of Xe and Kr atoms in the near surface region of ice surfaces. In this paper, we show that inert molecular species may be absorbed in a similar fashion. We also revisit Xe embedding, and further probe the nature of the absorption into the selvedge. CF4 molecules with high translational energies (≥3 eV) were observed to embed in amorphous solid water. Just as with Xe, the initial adsorption rate is strongly activated by translational energy, but the CF4 embedding probability is much less than for Xe. In addition, a larger molecule, SF6, did not embed at the same translational energies that both CF4 and Xe embedded. The embedding rate for a given energy thus goes in the order Xe > CF4 > SF6. We do not have as much data for Kr, but it appears to have a rate that is between that of Xe and CF4. Tentatively, this order suggests that for Xe and CF4, which have similar van der Waals radii, the momentum is the key factor in determining whether the incident atom or molecule can penetrate deeply enough below the surface to embed. The more massive SF6 molecule also has a larger van der Waals radius, which appears to prevent it from stably embedding in the selvedge. We also determined that the maximum depth of embedding is less than the equivalent of four layers of hexagonal ice, while some of the atoms just below the ice surface can escape before ice desorption begins. These results show that energetic ballistic embedding in ice is a general phenomenon, and represents a significant new channel by which incident species can be trapped under conditions where they would otherwise not be bound stably as surface adsorbates. These findings have implications for many fields including environmental science, trace gas collection and release, and the chemical composition of astrophysical icy bodies in space.
205 THE WASHINGTON STATE CRANBERRY VARIETY `MCFARLIN': YIELD AND COMPONENTS OF YIELD VARIATION (1994)

WA State bogs of the cultivar `McFarlin' exhibit highly variable productivity. Yield and various fruiting characteristics were sampled in 14 WA `McFarlin' bogs, representing two growing areas. Significant differences were found for yield, fruit number/area, percent fruit set, flowers/upright, fruit/upright, fruit weight and seed number/fruit. The variable, flowers/upright, accounted for 69% and 75% of the observed variation for yield and fruit number/area, respectively. A multivariate analysis model accounted for 93% of the variation for yield with 3 variables: flowers/upright (69%), fruit weight (20%), and seed number (4%). Principal component analysis identified three `groups' based on fruiting characteristics. DNA fingerprinting suggests, that variability in yield and fruiting characteristics, has a genetic component.
Encyclopedia of separation technology (1997)

This two-volume alphabetically organized encyclopedia is a compendium of the gases, liquids, and solids phase separation processes used industrially and in the laboratory. Based on the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, the authoritative reviews, written by experts in the field, include both the technology and the underlying science of separations. Practical advice concerning choice of separation process is also given. Energy considerations and the role of economics in undertaking separations are discussed. Close to 60 per cent of the material is reprinted; 30 percent is substantially revised or completely new.
A 60-mW MPEG4 video codec using clustered voltage scaling with variable supply-voltage scheme (1998)

A 60-mW MPEG4 video codec has been developed for mobile multimedia applications. This codec supports both the H.263 ITU-T recommendation and the simple profile of MPEG4 committee draft version 1 released in November 1997. It is composed of a 16-bit reduced instruction set computer processor and several dedicated hardware engines so as to satisfy both power efficiency and programmability. It performs 10 frames/s of encoding and decoding with quarter-common intermediate format at 30 MHz. Several innovative low-power techniques were employed in both architectural and circuit levels, and the final power dissipation is 60 mW at 30 MHz, which is only 30% of the power dissipation for a conventional CMOS design. The chip was fabricated in a 0.3-/spl mu/m CMOS with double-well and triple-metal technology. It contains 3 million transistors, including a 52-kB on-chip SRAM. Internal supply voltages of 2.5 and 1.75 V are generated by on-chip dc-dc converters from 3.3-V external supply voltage.