gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1J-3 High Frequency Colour Flow Imaging of Mouse Tumours using Inter-Frame Clutter Filtering (2006)

We previously reported the use of inter-frame clutter filtering as a technique for increasing the frame rate of high frequency (HF) ultrasound (> 20 MHz) power Doppler (PD) imaging while maintaining sensitivity to slow flow (Needles et al., 2004). In the current study we have simulated and experimentally evaluated in vitro the performance of inter-frame filtering for colour flow (CF) imaging (ie. velocity estimation) over a large range of mean flow velocities (0.5-70.0 mm/s). We have also demonstrated the applicability of inter-frame filtering for PD and CF imaging of experimental tumours in mice and compared results with tumour data sets filtered with conventional single-frame filters
In-vivo corrosion and local release of metallic ions from vascular stents into surrounding tissue. (2010)

Corrosion of some retrieved stents is described which leads to transfer of heavy metal ions into surrounding tissue. The contribution of this metallic ion release to the mechanisms of in-stent restenosis as well as its effect on the mechanical properties of stents is unknown and requires further investigation.
Formulating Event-based Image Reconstruction as a Linear Inverse Problem with Deep Regularization using Optical Flow (2021)

Event cameras are novel bio-inspired sensors that measure per-pixel brightness differences asynchronously. Recovering brightness from events is appealing since the reconstructed images inherit the high dynamic range (HDR) and high-speed properties of events; hence they can be used in many robotic vision applications and to generate slow-motion HDR videos. However, state-of-the-art methods tackle this problem by training an event-to-image Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), which lacks explainability and is difficult to tune. In this work we show, for the first time, how tackling the combined problem of motion and brightness estimation leads us to formulate event-based image reconstruction as a linear inverse problem that can be solved without training an image reconstruction RNN. Instead, classical and learning-based regularizers are used to solve the problem and remove artifacts from the reconstructed images. The experiments show that the proposed approach generates images with visual quality on par with state-of-the-art methods despite only using data from a short time interval. State-of-the-art results are achieved using an image denoising Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as the regularization function. The proposed regularized formulation and solvers have a unifying character because they can be applied also to reconstruct brightness from the second derivative. Additionally, the formulation is attractive because it can be naturally combined with super-resolution, motion-segmentation and color demosaicing. Code is available at https://github.com/tub-rip/event_based_image_rec_inverse_problem
Self-Help Training System for Nursing Students to Learn Patient Transfer Skills (2014)

This paper describes the construction and evaluation of a self-help skill training system for assisting student nurses in learning skills involving the transfer of patients from beds to wheelchairs. We have proposed a feedback method that is based on a checklist and video demonstrations. To help trainees efficiently check their performance and correct errors, the checklist was prepared with items specific to the performance of tasks related to individual body parts (e.g., the height of the waist). In this system, two Kinect RGB-D sensors were used for measuring the posture of the trainees and patients. An automatic skill evaluation method was used to designate the trainees' performance against each evaluation item as correct or incorrect. Furthermore, the system's operation interface was designed to enable self-operation by trainees. Control tests were performed to measure the training effectiveness of the system. The results of the tests on a control group (n = 5) that used only a textbook and demonstration video but did not receive feedback were compared with those of the experimental group (n = 5) that used the proposed system. The results of both subjective and objective evaluation demonstrated that the experimental group showed greater improvement in performing patient transfer than the control group (p <; 0:05).
Effect of various pesticides on the non‐target species Microctonus hyperodae, a biological control agent of Listronotus bonariensis (2006)

Abstract The parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced into New Zealand to control the weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major pest of graminaceous plants. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various pesticides that are commonly used in the pastoral environments of L. bonariensis and M. hyperodae . Topical applications of aqueous solutions prepared from commercial formulations of five herbicides were not toxic, but the surfactant Silwett L‐77 increased M. hyperodae mortality relative to the water‐treated controls. Laboratory assays showed that M. hyperodae adults were susceptible to chlorpyrifos residues on pasture foliage following application of the insecticide to field plots at ≥5 g a.i. ha −1 . Maintenance of L. bonariensis on ryegrass in the laboratory showed that treatment of the food plants with chlorpyrifos at ≥96 g a.i. ha −1 reduced L. bonariensis survivorship and ultimately reduced M. hyperodae prepupal emergence from those hosts. Initially, mortalities of non‐parasitized L. bonariensis were significantly greater than for parasitized L. bonariensis . Maintenance of parasitized L. bonariensis on diflubenzuron‐treated ryegrass plants arrested M. hyperodae larval development in the host and ultimately reduced prepupal emergence of M . hyperodae from those hosts. Despite the arrested development of M. hyperodae , the mortality of L. bonariensis hosts was increased. Adult M. hyperodae successfully reared from hosts maintained on diflubenzuron (12.5 g a.i. ha −1 ) treated food plants had reduced reproductive potential. The consequences of pasture management strategies that employ pesticides are discussed in relation to biocontrol of L. bonariensis by M . hyperodae .
Peptoids useful for the mineralization of apatite (2023)

The present invention provides for a bio-mimetic polymer capable of catalyzing or mineralizing calcium ion and phosphate ions into an apatite.
Genitourethral infections caused by D–K serotypes ofChlamydia trachomatis (2014)

Sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract are most commonly caused by the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis worldwide, resulting the clinical picture of acute urethritis in men as well as urethritis and endocervicitis in women. As women often present with few symptoms only or a completely symptom-free disease course, one of the most important long-term complications is chronic pelvic inflammatory disease often followed by the development of infertility caused by chronic scar formation. Well-organized screening programs are considered to have a leading role in the prevention of disease spreading and long lasting unwanted complications. Antibiotic treatment options are often influenced by special circumstances, such as pregnancy and several complicated clinical forms. The aims of the authors are to give a concise review on the current knowledge regarding Chlamydia trachomatis infections and summarize typical clinical signs, modern diagnostic techniques as well as accepted treatment protocols and basic aspects of screening.
The supercalibrator &#x2014; A fully distributed state estimator (2010)

This paper describes a new approach that led to the development of a fully distributed state estimator, named the SuperCalibrator (SC). The SC is a three-phase state estimator that operates at the substation level and requires at least one PMU at each substation. The computed substation state estimate is transferred to the control center where the overall system state is synthesized from the substation states. The SC-based distributed state estimator has been implemented on the US Virgin Islands St. Thomas and St. John power system of the USVI Water and Power Authority. The most significant performance characteristics of the system are: (a) High update rate up to four system wide state estimation solutions per second, (b) High Accuracy - typically 0.05 degrees in phase and 0.1% in magnitude, (c) Scalability, (d) No need for tuning of the state estimation process.
Maximum likelihood as a common computational framework in tomotherapy (1998)

Tomotherapy is a dose delivery technique using helical or axial intensity modulated beams. One of the strengths of the tomotherapy concept is that it can incorporate a number of processes into a single piece of equipment. These processes include treatment optimization planning, dose reconstruction and kilovoltage/megavoltage image reconstruction. A common computational technique that could be used for all of these processes would be very appealing. The maximum likelihood estimator, originally developed for emission tomography, can serve as a useful tool in imaging and radiotherapy. We believe that this approach can play an important role in the processes of optimization planning, dose reconstruction and kilovoltage and/or megavoltage image reconstruction. These processes involve computations that require comparable physical methods. They are also based on equivalent assumptions, and they have similar mathematical solutions. As a result, the maximum likelihood approach is able to provide a common framework for all three of these computational problems. We will demonstrate how maximum likelihood methods can be applied to optimization planning, dose reconstruction and megavoltage image reconstruction in tomotherapy. Results for planning optimization, dose reconstruction and megavoltage image reconstruction will be presented. Strengths and weaknesses of the methodology are analysed. Future directions for this work are also suggested.
Comparison of SVPWM, SPWM and HCC control techniques in power control of PMSG used in wind turbine systems (2015)

In this paper, the performance of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and hysteresis current control (HCC) control techniques used in power control with back to back converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator used in wind turbines are comparatively analyzed in terms of dynamic response, total harmonic distortion (THD), torque ripple and current ripple. Furthermore, SVPWM and SPWM are compared in terms of the using DC link voltage. Analysis of system is realized with MATLAB/Simulink program. There is not paper that together of these three control techniques are compared in terms of common results or values in literature. Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used in simulations is surface mounted, bipolar and its power is 1.8 kW. However, PMSM's energy transmission to grid is made with Field Oriented Control (FOC). According to analysis results, it has been observed that SVPWM generally has more efficient results than both HCC and SPWM control technique. Also, it is observed that SVPWM can produce about 15 percent higher than SPWM in output voltage.
Glycosyl imidates, 47. Stereospecific synthesis of α‐ and β‐L‐fucopyranosyl phosphates and of gdp‐fucose via trichloroacetimidate (1991)

Abstract Reaction of the benzyl‐ and acetyl‐protected α‐trichloroacetimidates 1 and 6α with dialkyl and diaryl phosphates in the presence of traces of acid affords stereoelectively the thermodynamically more stable α‐L‐fucopyranosyl phosphates 2, 7 and 8 , respectively, in high yields. The use of very pure, recrystallized dibenzyl phosphate results in the stereoeletive formation of the β‐L‐fucopyranosyl phosphates 3 and 9 . In each case separation of the anomers is not required because of the very high stereoselectivity of the reactions. After deprotection the fucose 1‐phosphate 12 is coupled with GMP morpholidate 10 to yield GDP‐fucose 13 . After the development of a new purification procedure for GDP‐fucose 13 we have obtained a very pure compound suitable for biochemical investigations. Analytical and preparative HPLC has been performed on reversed‐phase columns using a volatile buffer system (triethylammonium hydrogen carbonate) as the eluant.
Wnt-7a in feather morphogenesis: involvement of anterior-posterior asymmetry and proximal-distal elongation demonstrated with an in vitro reconstitution model (1999)

How do vertebrate epithelial appendages form from the flat epithelia? Following the formation of feather placodes, the previously radially symmetrical primordia become anterior-posterior (A-P) asymmetrical and develop a proximo-distal (P-D) axis. Analysis of the molecular heterogeneity revealed a surprising parallel of molecular profiles in the A-P feather buds and the ventral-dorsal (V-D) Drosophila appendage imaginal discs. The functional significance was tested with an in vitro feather reconstitution model. Wnt-7a expression initiated all over the feather tract epithelium, intensifying as it became restricted first to the primordia domain, then to an accentuated ring pattern within the primordia border, and finally to the posterior bud. In contrast, sonic hedgehog expression was induced later as a dot within the primordia. RCAS was used to overexpress Wnt-7a in reconstituted feather explants derived from stage 29 dorsal skin to further test its function in feather formation. Control skin formed normal elongated, slender buds with A-P orientation, but Wnt-7a overexpression led to plateau-like skin appendages lacking an A-P axis. Feathers in the Wnt-7a overexpressing skin also had inhibited elongation of the P-D axes. This was not due to a lack of cell proliferation, which actually was increased although randomly distributed. While morphogenesis was perturbed, differentiation proceeded as indicated by the formation of barb ridges. Wnt-7a buds have reduced expression of anterior (Tenascin) bud markers. Middle (Notch-1) and posterior bud markers including Delta-1 and Serrate-1 were diffusely expressed. The results showed that ectopic Wnt-7a expression enhanced properties characteristic of the middle and posterior feather buds and suggest that P-D elongation of vertebrate skin appendages requires balanced interactions between the anterior and posterior buds.
Evaluation of speech under stress and emotional conditions (1987)

This paper presents results from an investigation of how stress and emotion affect speech characteristics with specific application to improving automatic speech recognition. Past studies have been limited in scope, often using only one or two subjects and analyzing only one or two parameters (typically involving pitch). A comprehensive speech under stress database has been established at Georgia Tech for the purposes of stress research. The database is partitioned into five domains, encompassing a wide variety of stresses that include: various talking styles (slow, fast, soft, loud, angry, clear, question, in noise), single and dual tracking workload stress inducing tasks, emotional speech from psychiatric analysis session, and subject motion-fear tasks. A total of 32 speakers was employed to generate in excess of 16 000 utterances. The database evaluation was partitioned into three areas. Analysis was first performed on (i) speech with simulated stress and (ii) speech from stress inducing workload tasks or speech in noise. Statistically significant parameters were established, and an equivalent analysis was carried out over (iii) speech produced under actual stress and emotion. This scheme was chosen since simulated conditions allowed for careful control of vocabulary, task requirements, and background noise characteristics. Evaluation over actual stress or emotional conditions was used to verify results established under simulated conditions. Variables employed in the evaluation include: pitch (mean, variance, higher moments, point process characterization), glottal waveform characteristics, glottal source spectrum (spectral tilt, energy concentration), duration, intensity, formant locations and bandwidths, vocal-tract shaping based on line spectral pair coefficients, and the variability of each of these. Resulting categorizations will be presented, as well as the statistical significance of each set of measurements. [Research supported by U.S. Army Human Engineering Labs.]
Dual Strained Channel co-integration into CMOS, RO and SRAM cells on FDSOI down to 17nm gate length (2010)

We hereby present for the first time a successful Dual Strained Channel On Insulator (DSCOI) planar co-integration of tensily strained SOI nFETs and compressively strained SiGe pFETs down to 17nm gate length with functional ring oscillators and 6T SRAM cells. Various Ge contents and growth templates (unstrained or strained SOI) were screened in order to optimize the trade-off between threshold voltage adjustment with a single metal gate and strain-induced mobility enhancement. In particular, we reach 106% mobility boost for nFETs on sSOI and 70% for co-integrated pFETs on Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.6</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sub> /sSOI, compared to SOI (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> =0.6MV/cm). Moreover, the symmetrically low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th,n</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th,p</sub> result in -39% propagation delays improvement compared to SOI at 0.9V supply voltage.
A Conserved Subtilisin-like Protein TgSUB1 in Microneme Organelles of Toxoplasma gondii (2001)

Proteolytic processing plays a significant role in the process of invasion by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. We have cloned a gene, TgSUB1, encoding for a subtilisin-type serine protease found in T. gondii tachyzoites. TgSUB1 protein is homologous to other Apicomplexan and bacterial subtilisins and is processed within the secretory pathway of the parasite. Initial cleavage occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, after which the protein is transported to micronemes, vesicles that secrete early during host cell invasion. Upon stimulation of microneme secretion, TgSUB1 is cleaved into smaller products that are secreted from the parasite. This secondary processing is inhibited by brefeldin A and serine protease inhibitors. TgSUB1 is a candidate processing enzyme for several microneme proteins cleaved within the secretory pathway or during invasion.
Worldwide Incidence and Prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica (2020)

NMOSD is a rare disease worldwide. Variations in prevalence and incidence have been described among different geographic areas and ethnicities. These are only partially explained by different study methods and NMO/NMOSD definitions, highlighting the need for specifically designed epidemiologic studies to identify genetic effects and etiologic factors.
Fabrication and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Modified with Phosphate (2011)

Abstract We have prepared TiO2 nanotubes by anodization in HF or HF/H3PO4 mixed electrolyte. The morphologies and photocatalytic properties of the nanotubes were changed by electrolytes. The nanotubes prepared in HF/H3PO4 mixed electrolyte showed higher performance to decompose acetaldehyde by photocatalysis than those prepared in pure HF.
OpenRCL: Low-Power High-Performance Computing with Reconfigurable Devices (2010)

This work presents the Open Reconfigurable Computing Language (OpenRCL) system designed to enable low-power high-performance reconfigurable computing with imperative programming language such as C/C++. The key idea is to expose the FPGA platform as a compiler target for applications expressed in the OpenCL paradigm. To this end, we present a combination of low-level virtual machine instruction set, execution model, many-core architecture, and associated compiler to achieve high performance and power efficiency by exploiting the FPGA's distributed memories and abundant hardware structures (such as DSP blocks, long carry-chains, and registers). Our resulting OpenRCL system not only allows programmers to easily express parallelism through the API defined in the OpenCL standard but also supports coarse-grain multithreading and dataflow-style fine-grain threading while permitting bit-level resource control. An OpenRCL prototype machine with 30 processing nodes was implemented using a Virtex-5 (XCV5LX155T-2) FPGA. For the well-known Parallel Prefix Sum (Scan) problem, comparing the runtime of the same problem on a GeForce 9400m using the OpenCL SDK from Apple Inc., the OpenRCL machine demonstrates comparable performance with a 5x reduction in core power consumption.
Scandium Clusters in Fullerene Cages (1992)

The production and spectroscopic characterization of fullerene-encapsulated metal-atom clusters is reported. In particular, both solution and solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Sc(3)C(82) have been obtained. ScC(82) also gives an EPR spectrum, but Sc2Cn species-the most abundant metallofullerenes in the mass spectrum-are EPR-silent even though Sc(2) is EPR-active in a rare-gas matrix at 4.2 K. The results suggest that the three scandium atoms in Sc(3)C(82) form an equilateral triangle-as was previously suggested for Sc(3) molecules isolated in a cryogenic rare-gas matrix. The spectrum of ScC(82) has features similar to those found earlier for LaC(82) and YC(82), suggesting that it can also be described as a +3 metal cation within a -3 fullerene radical anion. An implication of this work is that production of macroscopic quantities of clustercontaining fullerenes may make possible the fabrication of exotic new structures with regular arrays of metal-atom clusters isolated in fullerene molecules, resulting in a new type of host/guest nanostructured material.
Online Data Thinning via Multi-Subspace Tracking (2016)

In an era of ubiquitous large-scale streaming data, the availability of data far exceeds the capacity of expert human analysts. In many settings, such data is either discarded or stored unprocessed in datacenters. This paper proposes a method of online data thinning, in which large-scale streaming datasets are winnowed to preserve unique, anomalous, or salient elements for timely expert analysis. At the heart of this proposed approach is an online anomaly detection method based on dynamic, low-rank Gaussian mixture models. Specifically, the high-dimensional covariances matrices associated with the Gaussian components are associated with low-rank models. According to this model, most observations lie near a union of subspaces. The low-rank modeling mitigates the curse of dimensionality associated with anomaly detection for high-dimensional data, and recent advances in subspace clustering and subspace tracking allow the proposed method to adapt to dynamic environments. Furthermore, the proposed method allows subsampling, is robust to missing data, and uses a mini-batch online optimization approach. The resulting algorithms are scalable, efficient, and are capable of operating in real time. Experiments on wide-area motion imagery and e-mail databases illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.