gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of human neutrophils to C5a: a role for the oligosaccharide moiety of human C5ades Arg-74 but not of C5a in biologic activity. (1981)

Abstract Human C5a anaphylatoxin and its des Arg-74 derivative (C5ades Arg-74) are glycopolypeptides with a complex oligosaccharide moiety linked to the side chain of an asparagine residue at position 64 in the polypeptide chain. To determine the role of this oligosaccharide moiety in the modulation of human C5a and C5ades Arg-74 biologic activities, we have prepared native and deglycosylated human C5a as well as C5ades Arg-74 and its deglycosylated analog. These 4 human polypeptides, as well as the naturally occurring nonglycosylated polypeptides porcine C5a and C5ades Arg-74, were all evaluated for their ability to promote neutrophil Chemotaxis, enhance lysosomal degranulation of these cells, and interact with the human neutrophil C5a receptor. In all instances, native and deglycosylated human C5a behaved identically. In marked contrast, deglycosylated human C5ades Arg-74 was approximately 10-fold more active than native C5ades Arg-74 as judged by bioassays. These findings correlated with the observation that deglycosylated C5ades Arg-74 displayed a 10-fold enhancement of its ability to interact with the neutrophil C5a receptor compared with native C5ades Arg-74. Both porcine C5a and C5ades Arg-74 displayed a complete range of neutrophilrelated biologic activities when evaluated with human cells, although these polypeptides are some 3- to 8-fold less active than their respective human analogs. These findings suggest that the oligosaccharide moiety does not alter the biologic activities of human C5a. On the other hand, the oligosaccharide group appears to act as a significant negative modulator of the biologic activities of the less potent human C5ades Arg-74 derivative.
Numerical Simulation of Cardiovascular Dynamics With Left Heart Failure and In‐series Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device (2006)

This article presents a numerical model for investigations of the human cardiovascular circulation system response, where the function of the impaired left ventricle is augmented by the pumping action of a pulsatile ventricular assist device (VAD) connected in series to the native heart. The numerical model includes a module for detailed heart valve dynamics, which helps to improve the accuracy of simulation in studying the pulsatile type VAD designs. Simulation results show that, for the case with left ventricular (LV) failure, the VAD support successfully compensates the impaired cardiovascular response, and greatly reduces the after-load of the diseased ventricle, thus assisting possible recovery of the ventricle from the diseased condition. The effects of these conditions on pulmonary circulation are also shown. To investigate the effect of different pumping-activation functions (VAD motion profiles) on the cardiovascular response, three different VAD motion profiles are investigated. The numerical results suggest that Hermitian type motion profiles (smooth curves skewed toward early systole) have the advantage of requiring minimum power to the VAD, and producing the minimum after-load to the left ventricle, minimum ventricular wall stress, and minimum ventricular work to the diseased ventricle; while sawtooth type motions need slightly more power input, and induce slightly increased aortic pressure in diastole, thus improving coronary perfusion.
Interferon‐α is a Potent Inhibitor of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor‐Stimulated Cell Proliferation in Human Uterine Cells (1998)

INFs may prove to be useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of leiomyoma-related abnormal uterine bleeding.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Energy-Saving Drive Unit With Speed and Displacement Variable Pumps for Electro-Hydraulic Systems (2023)

In this paper, an artificial intelligence enabled energy-saving strategy (AIESS) is proposed to achieve high energy efficiency of hydraulic systems with a speed and displacement variable pump (SDVP). The AIESS, which integrates extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and genetic algorithm (GA), can generate the optimum combination of motor speed and pump displacement of SDVP in real time under actual working conditions. The XGBoost-based power model is used to accurately predict the input power of the SDVP considering environmental factors, e.g., oil temperature, then followed by GA for optimization, in which the XGBoost-based power model is the objective function. A test rig with a 16t hydraulic press and a stamping process is applied to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Compared to four other algorithm models, the XGBoost-based power model has the highest accuracy. The optimum combination can be obtained quickly by GA. The results show that the AIESS can reduce energy consumption by 28.6% during pressure-maintaining operation and by 11.2% during one stamping cycle compared to the previously proposed segmented control energy-saving strategy. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —Energy-saving hydraulic system is a topic in the automation industry. The low energy efficiency of electro-hydraulic systems is mainly caused by poor flow rate matching. A speed and displacement variable pump (SDVP) is used to address this problem, but it is difficult to find the matched speed and displacement for the highest energy conversion efficiency of the SDVP due to the inaccuracy energy model and the challenge of coupling variables. This paper presents an energy-saving strategy integrated with machine learning and a genetic algorithm to handle this challenge. Relative variables of the machine learning model are picked through analysis of the mathematical energy model, and the usage of machine learning can fit the high-nonlinear energy model caused by uncertainties in both components and environmental factors. The trained model is then used as an objective function for a GA-based optimization process to generate the optimum motor speed and pump displacement combination. Considering the processing time of GA, this combination can be optimized before the operation for known working conditions. Finally, we have established a 16t hydraulic press to validate this energy-saving strategy and pre-optimized five combinations for a stamping process. The proposed strategy can reduce energy consumption by 11.2% compared with the previous strategy. This energy-saving strategy can also be applied to other automated hydraulic equipment, such as injection machines.
Regulation of basal cAMP levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes (2009)

We recently found that basal cAMP levels critically influence the timecourse of agonist‐induced cAMP signals. We sought to identify which if any phosphodiesterases (PDEs) control basal cAMP levels in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes. cAMP concentration near the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes was monitored by measuring current through adenovirus‐expressed cyclic nucleotide‐gated (CNG) channels. In the absence of receptor agonists basal cAMP levels were low. A PDE inhibitor cocktail (PDE types 1, 3, and 4) triggered transient increases in cAMP and subsequent addition of a non‐selective PDE inhibitor caused no further increase. These data revealed that adenylyl cyclase (AC) and PDE are constitutively active in rabbit cardiomyocytes and that basal cAMP levels are primarily controlled by 3 PDE types. Any one of the 3 type‐specific PDE inhibitors caused small rises in cAMP. Addition of any second inhibitor triggered another rise, suggesting that the 3 PDE types work in concert to maintain basal cAMP levels. 1 μM H89 (a PKA inhibitor) reduced the rate of cAMP decline in the presence of PDE inhibitors, indicating that PKA‐mediated feedback contributed to the transient nature of these signals. In conclusion, basal cAMP is highly regulated by a balance between AC and PDE activity and increases in cAMP trigger PKA‐mediated feedback that returns cAMP to its basal level. Supported by HL74278, HL20648.
IL-1 SRS Without the Bunker: Introduction and Clinical Experience of ZAP-X Gyroscopic Radiosurgery (2021)

Abstract Each year more than two million patients worldwide are potential candidates for SRS, yet due to the significant costs and complexities of historical delivery systems, only 150,000 patients currently receive such treatment. Japan Shonin-cleared in 2020, ZAP Surgical’s ZAP-X Gyroscopic Radiosurgery platform was designed to solve this challenge, and ultimately bring world-class SRS to more patients in more places. ZAP-X is recognized for being the first and only vault-free SRS delivery system, thereby typically eliminating the need for providers to build costly shielded radiation treatment rooms. Utilizing a modern linear accelerator to produce radiation, ZAP-X is also the first and only dedicated radiosurgery system to no longer require Cobalt-60 radioactive sources, thereby eliminating the significant costs to license, secure and regularly replace live radioactive isotopes. Built on a distinctive dual-gimbaled gantry design, the ZAP-X system uses gyroscopic mobility to direct radiosurgical beams from hundreds of unique angles to precisely concentrate radiation on the tumor target. This pioneering approach supports the clinical objective of protecting healthy brain tissue and patient neuro-cognitive function, as well as enable future potential SRS re-treatments without the unnecessary risks associated with multi-purpose radiation delivery technologies.
Molecular Architecture with 2,2′‐Bipyrazine and Metal Ions: Infinite Loop and Molecular Square (2000)

The potential of [L2Pd(2,2′-bpz-N1,N1′)]2+ [L2 = en (1), L = H2O (4a), 2,2′-bpz = 2,2′-bipyrazine] for use as an angular element in the generation of self-organized systems of variable molecular architecture has been studied. Ag+ forms an infinite loop 3 with 1, in which the metal ions function as cross-linking agents between the organic entities 2,2′-bpz. Complex 4a, on the other hand, self-assembles as a bis(μ-OH) dinuclear species 4b, and in the presence of 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) as a molecular square 6 with the heteroaromatic 4,4′-bpy ligands representing the cross-linking entities.
[The marginal adaptation of Cerec-Dicor-MGC restorations with dentin adhesives]. (1991)

Dicor MGC Cerec inlays were placed in 53 teeth clinically and in 24 extracted teeth. Both main groups were subdivided into the following four test subgroups: 1. monofunctional dentin adhesive without linings. 2. bifunctional dentin adhesive without linings. 3. monofunctional dentin adhesive with linings. 4. bifunctional dentin adhesive with linings. The marginal adaptation of the occlusal surfaces of the restorations placed clinically was evaluated from replicas using the scanning electron microscope at x 200 magnification. In contrast, the marginal adaptation of all the restored enamel surfaces and the disto-cervical dentinal margins of the restorations placed in the extracted teeth were similarly evaluated. These margins were examined before and after thermomechanical stressing. The restorations were stressed 120,000 times at 300 cycles of 5-55-5 degrees C, chemically degraded by immersion in ethanol of 75% for 20 h and brushed for 30 min with a toothbrush at 1,96 N load. The in-vitro restorations were also subjected to dye penetration tests. The percent "excellent margin" recorded along the enamel-composite interface of the occlusal surfaces of the clinically placed restorations varied between 83.6 and 88.2%. The corresponding scores for the in-vitro specimens were at least 95% before and 90% after the thermomechanical and chemical stressing. The bifunctional dentin adhesive "Prisma Universal Bond 2" had a 93.6% "excellent margin" along the dentin-composite margin before stressing which decreased to 84.4% after stress. These scores were not significantly different.
Rapid experimental evolution of reproductive isolation from a single natural population (2019)

Ecological speciation occurs when local adaptation generates reproductive isolation as a by-product of natural selection. Although ecological speciation is a fundamental source of diversification, the mechanistic link between natural selection and reproductive isolation remains poorly understood, especially in natural populations. Here, we show that experimental evolution of parasite body size over 4 y (approximately 60 generations) leads to reproductive isolation in natural populations of feather lice on birds. When lice are transferred to pigeons of different sizes, they rapidly evolve differences in body size that are correlated with host size. These differences in size trigger mechanical mating isolation between lice that are locally adapted to the different sized hosts. Size differences among lice also influence the outcome of competition between males for access to females. Thus, body size directly mediates reproductive isolation through its influence on both intersexual compatibility and intrasexual competition. Our results confirm that divergent natural selection acting on a single phenotypic trait can cause reproductive isolation to emerge from a single natural population in real time.
Regulation of sarcomagenesis by the empty spiracles homeobox genes EMX1 and EMX2 (2021)

The EMX (Empty Spiracles Homeobox) genes EMX1 and EMX2 are two homeodomain gene members of the EMX family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, during brain development and neural crest migration. They play a role in the specification of positional identity, the proliferation of neural stem cells, and the differentiation of certain neuronal cell phenotypes. In general, they act as transcription factors in early embryogenesis and neuroembryogenesis from metazoans to higher vertebrates. The EMX1 and EMX2's potential as tumor suppressor genes has been suggested in some cancers. Our work showed that EMX1/EMX2 act as tumor suppressors in sarcomas by repressing the activity of stem cell regulatory genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NANOG, NES, and PROM1). EMX protein downregulation, therefore, induced the malignance and stemness of cells both in vitro and in vivo. In murine knockout (KO) models lacking Emx genes, 3MC-induced sarcomas were more aggressive and infiltrative, had a greater capacity for tumor self-renewal, and had higher stem cell gene expression and nestin expression than those in wild-type models. These results showing that EMX genes acted as stemness regulators were reproduced in different subtypes of sarcoma. Therefore, it is possible that the EMX genes could have a generalized behavior regulating proliferation of neural crest-derived progenitors. Together, these results indicate that the EMX1 and EMX2 genes negatively regulate these tumor-altering populations or cancer stem cells, acting as tumor suppressors in sarcoma.
Identification of G protein-coupled receptor 137B (GPR137b) function in mouse and zebrafish osteoclasts (2016)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Producing Interferon Type II, Enhances the Immune Response Against Bacterial Pathogens in Rainbow Trout (2021)

Lactic acid bacteria are a powerful vehicle for releasing of cytokines and immunostimulant peptides at the gastrointestinal level after oral administration. However, its therapeutic application against pathogens that affect rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon has been little explored. Type II interferon in Atlantic salmon activates the antiviral response, protecting against viral infection, but its role against bacterial infection has not been tested <i>in vivo.</i> In this work, through the design of a recombinant lactic acid bacterium capable of producing Interferon gamma from Atlantic salmon, we explore its role against bacterial infection and the ability to stimulate systemic immune response after oral administration of the recombinant probiotic. Recombinant interferon was active <i>in vitro</i>, mainly stimulating IL-6 expression in SHK-1 cells. <i>In vivo</i>, oral administration of the recombinant probiotic produced an increase in IL-6, IFNγ and IL-12 in the spleen and kidney, in addition to stimulating the activity of lysozyme in serum. The challenge trials indicated that the administration of the IFNγ-producing probiotic doubled the survival in fish infected with <i>F. psychrophilum</i>. In conclusion, our results showed that the oral administration of lactic acid bacteria producing IFNγ managed to stimulate the immune response at a systemic level, conferring protection against pathogens, showing a biotechnological potential for its application in aquaculture.
Fast and excellent healing of hydroxypropyl guar gum/poly(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide) hydrogels (2017)

ABSTRACT In this article, a fast and high efficient healing hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG)/poly( N,N ‐dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogel is prepared by a facile synthesis method. HPG networks are formed through hydrogen‐bond interaction between the hydroxyl groups in the HPG chains, and PDMA networks are self‐crosslinked without any chemical crosslinker. The cut hydrogel could heal when nanosilica solution is chosen as the connector that is related to the adsorption of polymer to the surface of nanosilica. The fracture stress of the HPG/PDMA gels presents a fast and almost full recovery within a short time (1 min), while the recovery of fracture strain and elastic modulus is related to time in 2 h. The healing efficiency of HPG/PDMA gel is investigated as a function of healing time, HPG content, and N,N ‐dimethyl acrylamide content. The microscopic healing process and healing mechanism are also discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56 , 239–247
N,N-Dichlorourethane (2001)

[13698-16-3] C3H5Cl2NO2 (MW 157.98) InChI = 1S/C3H5Cl2NO2/c1-2-8-3(7)6(4)5/h2H2,1H3 InChIKey = PCGGNOFZZFFFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (stable but reactive pseudohalogen which adds to alkenes to give β-chlorocarbamates;1 useful for the chlorination of tertiary hydrocarbons2 and activated aromatics3) Alternate Name: DCU. Physical Data: bp 55–56 °C/15 mmHg; 74–76 °C/15 mmHg;6 d 1.349 g cm−3. Solubility: insol H2O; sol benzene, acetic acid, acetonitrile. Form Supplied in: liquid; widely available; purity of commercial material 90–98%. Analysis of Reagent Purity: by iodometric titration for positive halogen.5, 6 Purification: vacuum distillation affords the reagent with a purity of >99.5%.6 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: lachrymatory liquid; fairly stable in the dark for at least several weeks at 25 °C.6, 7 Store under inert atmosphere. This reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
Siderophore‐Linked Ruthenium Catalysts for Targeted Allyl Ester Prodrug Activation within Bacterial Cells (2022)

Due to rising resistance, new antibacterial strategies are needed, including methods for targeted antibiotic release. As targeting vectors, chelating molecules called siderophores that are released by bacteria to acquire iron have been investigated for conjugation to antibacterials, leading to the clinically approved drug cefiderocol. The use of small-molecule catalysts for prodrug activation within cells has shown promise in recent years, and here we investigate siderophore-linked ruthenium catalysts for the activation of antibacterial prodrugs within cells. Moxifloxacin-based prodrugs were synthesised, and their catalyst-mediated activation was demonstrated under anaerobic, biologically relevant conditions. In the absence of catalyst, decreased antibacterial activities were observed compared to moxifloxacin versus Escherichia coli K12 (BW25113). A series of siderophore-linked ruthenium catalysts were investigated for prodrug activation, all of which displayed a combinative antibacterial effect with the prodrug, whereas a representative example displayed little toxicity against mammalian cell lines. By employing complementary bacterial growth assays, conjugates containing siderophore units based on catechol and azotochelin were found to be most promising for intracellular prodrug activation.
Microfluidics-based selection of red-fluorescent proteins with decreased rates of photobleaching (2014)

Fluorescent proteins offer exceptional labeling specificity in living cells and organisms. Unfortunately, their photophysical properties remain far from ideal for long-term imaging of low-abundance cellular constituents, in large part because of their poor photostability. Despite widespread engineering efforts, improving the photostability of fluorescent proteins remains challenging due to lack of appropriate high-throughput selection methods. Here, we use molecular dynamics guided mutagenesis in conjunction with a recently developed microfluidic-based platform, which sorts cells based on their fluorescence photostability, to identify red fluorescent proteins with decreased photobleaching from a HeLa cell-based library. The identified mutant, named Kriek, has 2.5- and 4-fold higher photostability than its progenitor, mCherry, under widefield and confocal illumination, respectively. Furthermore, the results provide insight into mechanisms for enhancing photostability and their connections with other photophysical processes, thereby providing direction for ongoing development of fluorescent proteins with improved single-molecule and low-copy imaging capabilities.
Hepatitis C Virus Prevention, Care, and Treatment: From Policy to Practice (2012)

The prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated health conditions (eg, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) is a public health priority in the United States. Hepatitis C virus-related morbidity and mortality is increasing at a time when the advent of highly effective therapies greatly increases opportunities to prevent HCV transmission and disease. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine recommended that national action be taken to address this "underappreciated health concern for the nation." In response, in 2011, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a viral hepatitis action plan that guides response to the viral hepatitis epidemic by providing explicit steps to be undertaken by specific HHS agencies to improve provider training and community education; expand access to testing, care, and treatment; strengthen public health surveillance; improve HCV preventive services for injection drug users; develop a hepatitis C vaccine; and prevent HCV transmission in healthcare settings. For all aspects of the action plan, infectious disease specialists and other clinicians assume a key role in efforts to reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality. With successful collaboration of the public and private sectors, the hepatitis C epidemic can be forever silenced.
Design and simulation of a 16-bit variable optical attenuator (2003)

Presents an initial design and simulation results of 16-bit variable optical attenuator (VOA) with chip dimensions of 4 /spl times/ 4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Initial results indicate device-switching time is below 1 ms at a driving voltage of above 100 V. VOAs are widely used in optical communication and signal processing systems to attenuate light intensity between input and output optical ports. This VOA is currently under development and will be fabricated using SOI technology.