gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of precipitable water vapor derived from radiosonde, GPS, and Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer measurements (2003)

Atmospheric water vapor is highly variable in both space and time across the Earth, and knowledge of the distribution of water vapor is essential in understanding weather and global climate. In addition, knowledge of the amount of atmospheric water vapor is required for high‐precision interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) applications due to its significant impact on microwave signals, which is the principal motivation for this study. In order to assess the performance of different instruments, i.e., radiosondes (RS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and the Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and for measuring precipitable water vapor (PWV), coincident observations collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site and at the Herstmonceux site over a 8–11 month period are used for time series intercomparisons. In this study, the Terra MODIS near‐infrared water vapor products (Collection 3) were examined. In addition, a first spatial comparison of MODIS PWV and GPS PWV was performed using data covering all of Germany and kindly supplied by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam. Time series comparisons of PWV between radiosondes and GPS show that the scale factors of PWV from radiosondes and GPS agreed to 4% with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98 and standard deviations about 1 mm. A significant day‐night difference was found for Vaisala RS90 radiosondes in comparison with GPS PWV, with nighttime launches having a scale factor 4% larger, but agreeing overall better. It is also shown that GPS PWV and RS PWV agreed better with each other than with MODIS PWV, and the differences of MODIS PWV relative to GPS or RS were larger than those between GPS PWV and RS PWV. MODIS PWV appeared to overestimate PWV against RS, with scale factors from 1.14 to 1.20 and standard deviations from 1.6 to 2.2 mm. MODIS PWV appeared to overestimate PWV against GPS, with scale factors from 1.07 to 1.14 and standard deviations varying from 0.8 to 1.4 mm in time series. The larger differences relative to MODIS PWV are likely to be caused by uncertainties in the spectroscopic database for the MODIS retrievals, calibration uncertainties in the radiances measured by MODIS, operational differences of the three systems, and different mapping functions adopted in GPS and MODIS PWV retrievals. We derived a linear fit model to calibrate MODIS PWV, and better agreements between calibrated MODIS PWV and GPS PWV in space have been achieved. This indicates that MODIS PWV products should be updated or calibrated using a linear fit model before being applied to correct InSAR measurements. Also, the potential accuracy of standard resolution (resampled) radiosonde data from the UK Met Office and the University of Wyoming has been assessed. It is demonstrated that some caution needs to be exercised when using standard resolution data.
Hyperoxic/Hypercapnic Gas Inhalation as a Route to Increase Contrast from Tumor Tissue in Near-Infrared Imaging of Breast Tissue (2008)

We explore inhalation protocols to implement hyperoxic/hypercapnic gas inspiration in a clinical setting. These inspired gases could yield sufficient contrast from abnormal tumor vasculature in breast tissue using differential optical imaging in the near infrared.
Peri‐operative anaesthetic management of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (2008)

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a long and complex procedure with significant blood and fluid loss during debulking and important pathophysiological alterations during the HIPEC phase. We performed a retrospective analysis of 78 consecutive patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC at a university hospital. Our data demonstrate large intra-operative fluid turnover, with 51% of patients requiring a blood transfusion. During HIPEC, airway pressure and central venous pressure increased with a lower oxygenation ratio as a result of increased intra-abdominal pressure with the closed abdomen technique. As a consequence of the raised body temperature, heart rate, end tidal carbon dioxide and arterial lactate levels increased with a slight metabolic acidosis. Peri-operative analysis of routine clotting parameters revealed disturbances of the coagulation status. For pain management, 72% of patients received supplementary thoracic epidural analgesia with consequential peri-operative opioid sparing and a reduced duration of postoperative ventilation.
Triclinic Pedial Sarcosinium Hydrogen l(+)‐Tartrate—Crystal Growth, Pyroelectricity, Thermal Expansion, and Linear Optical Properties (2019)

Abstract Single crystals of optical quality and dimensions up to 25 × 25 × 40 mm 3 of sarcosinium hydrogen l (+)‐tartrate and up to 15 × 20 × 30 mm 3 of sarcosinium hydrogen d (−)‐tartrate are grown from aqueous solution during growth periods of 10–14 weeks. For sarcosinium hydrogen l (+)‐tartrate refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range 365–1083 nm are determined. The biaxial positive crystals show marked optical anisotropy with maximum birefringence at 365 nm of Δ n = 0.089 and only small orientation dispersion of the principal axes of the optical indicatrix. Based on the linear optical data, phase matching conditions for collinear second harmonic generation (SHG) are analyzed. The optical properties allow SHG phase matching for both, type I and type II processes. Temperature‐dependent coefficients of the tensor of thermal expansion [ α ij ] between 145 and 300 K show pronounced anisotropy and moderate orientation dispersion of thermal expansion, with principal values at 293 K of = −3.3(1) × 10 −6 K −1 , = 35.7(1) × 10 −6 K −1 , and = 66.6(1) × 10 −6 K −1 . The absolute value of the pyroelectric vector | p σ | of sarcosinium hydrogen l (+)‐tartrate amounts to about 20 µC K −1 m −2 and varies only slightly with temperature in the temperature range 100–320 K.
Effect of Salinity, Resin, and Asphaltene on the Surface Properties of Acidic Crude Oil/Smart Water/Rock System (2014)

It has been already well established that adjusting the salinity of displacing fluid critically affects the oil recovery efficiency during secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes. In this investigation, systematic experiments are designed and conducted to find the effects of both low and high salinity water on the surface properties of crude oil–brine/solid surfaces. In this respect, the effects of the major salts including NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 are tested in the concentration range of 0–45 000 ppm on fluid/solid and fluid/fluid interactions for a crude oil/water/rock system. Two main surface properties including contact angle and interfacial tension (IFT) are measured using a pendant drop apparatus. The obtained results demonstrate the critical effects of heavy oil components on the interfacial properties. High film stability in some cases resulted in small contact angle changes, mostly in the range of the strongly water wet condition, for different brine salinity.
Adenosinergic Modulation of Homocysteine‐Induced Seizures in Mice (1990)

Homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) elicits seizures in mice at a dose of 850 mg/kg (95-100% of animals) with an average latency time of 19.5 min. These seizures are reversed by both 5' N-ethylcarboximide adenosine (NECA) and flunitrazepam, with respective ED50 doses of 0.025 and 0.20 mg/kg. NECA was approximately four-fold more potent as an inhibitor of HTL-induced seizures than of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 75 mg/kg). Flunitrazepam was equipotent in both seizure paradigms. The purine precursor 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside, (AICAr), although virtually ineffective against PTZ-induced seizures at doses greater than 1 g/kg, was able to inhibit HTL-induced seizures with an ED50 of approximately 350 mg/kg. The anticonvulsant effect of AICAr was dose and time dependent. The anticonvulsant potency of AICAr was increased by simultaneous administration of the adenosine uptake blocker Mioflazine, whereas the central nervous system (CNS)-impermeable adenosine uptake blocker dipyridamole had no effect. The ability of AICAr to permeate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is limited (less than 1%) and may explain its low potency as an anticonvulsant. AICAr also has very low potency at brain adenosine A1 and A2 receptors as well as adenosine uptake sites (IC50 greater than 10(-3) M), suggesting that its anticonvulsant properties are not mediated by direct action at these sites. The results indicate that AICAr does have frank anticonvulsant effects and further suggest that HTL-induced seizures may represent a useful paradigm for evaluation of adenosinergic agents. AICAr or more potent derivatives thereof may represent a new class of anticonvulsants with the ability to target seizure foci selectively.
Gold nanospikes formed through a simple electrochemical route with high electrocatalytic and surface enhanced Raman scattering activity (2009)

We demonstrate a simple electrochemical route to produce uniformly sized gold nanospikes without the need for a capping agent or prior modification of the electrode surface, which are predominantly oriented in the {111} crystal plane and exhibit promising electrocatalytic and SERS properties.
A new analytical method for exact bit error rate computation of TH-PPM UWB multiple access systems (2005)

In this paper, a new analytical method based on exact statistical modeling of multiple access interference (MAI) is proposed for exact bit error rate (BER) computation of time hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) ultra wideband (UWB) systems. The proposed modeling considers full asynchronism. Furthermore, it is also suitable for modeling the MAI components contributed by individual paths in channels with Poisson arrivals, based on the time variables.
Chemical Lidar Science Payload for the Lunar Volatile and Mineralogy Mapping Orbiter (2019)

Roman Kruzelecky, MPB Communications Inc., CA
1‐Indanone and 1,3‐indandione Derivatives as Ligands for Misfolded α‐Synuclein Aggregates (2021)

The development of imaging agents for in vivo detection of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathologies faces several challenges. A major gap in the field is the lack of diverse molecular scaffolds with high affinity and selectivity to α-syn fibrils for in vitro screening assays. Better in vitro scaffolds can instruct the discovery of better in vivo agents. We report the rational design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of novel 1-indanone and 1,3-indandione derivatives from a Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) study centered on some existing α-syn fibril binding ligands. Our results from fibril saturation binding experiments show that two of the lead candidates compounds 8 and 32 bind α-syn fibrils with binding constants (K<sub>d</sub> ) of 9.0 and 18.8 nM, respectively, and selectivity of greater than 10× for α-syn fibrils compared with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau fibrils. Our results demonstrate that the lead ligands avidly label all forms of α-syn on PD brain tissue sections, but only the dense core of senile plaques in AD brain tissue, respectively. These results are corroborated by ligand-antibody colocalization data from Syn211, which shows immunoreactivity toward all forms of α-syn aggregates, and Syn303, which displays preferential reactivity toward mature Lewy pathology. Our results reveal that 1-indanone derivatives have desirable properties for the biological evaluation of α-synucleinopathies.
Multiplex techniques for real-time shearing interferometry (1990)

Real-time wavefront sensors can be viewed as processing channels that convert a continuous, two-dimensional wavefront phase variation into a parallel array of sampled wavefront values. In general, two pieces of data are required for each wavefront sample: the x gradient and the y gradient. We achieve efficient use of the electro-optical portion of this channel through optical multiplexing techniques that combine the x and y data into one signal. Time multiplexing, temporal frequency multiplexing, and spatial frequency multiplexing have each been implemented successfully in high performance, grating-based, shearing interferometers. The two frequency multiplexing techniques are examined in this paper. A 1000 point wavefront sensor is described as an example of spatial frequency multiplexing, and a typical design is used as the example of temporal frequency multiplexing. Performance of multiplexed sensors is not sacrificed, as demonstrated by the nearly 1000:1 dynamic range (total tilt:rms error) of the latter type of sensor.
Fully Integrated Electronic-Photonic Ultrasound Receiver Array for Endoscopic Imaging Applications in a Zero-Change 45nm CMOS-SOI Process (2021)

This paper presents the first fully integrated 2-D array of electronic-photonic ultrasound sensors targeting low-power miniaturized ultrasound probes for endoscopic applications. Fabricated in a zero-change 45nm CMOS-SOI technology this Electronic-Photonic System on Chip (EPSoC), utilizes micro-ring resonators (MRRs) as ultrasound sensors instead of the traditional piezoelectric or capacitive micromachined transducers (PMUTs or CMUTs). The photonic nature of the sensor enables remoting the power-hungry receive electronics outside the probe tip, lowering the power dissipation inside the human body, eliminates the electrical cabling and reduces fiber count by 4x using wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) MRR sensors coupled onto the same waveguide. The photonic sensing element demonstrates >30 MHz bandwidth, and 7.3 mV/kPa sensitivity, while consuming 0.43 mW of power.
Origin of micrometer-scale dislocation motion during hydrogen desorption (2020)

Hydrogen, while being a potential energy solution, creates arguably the most important embrittlement problem in high-strength metals. However, the underlying hydrogen-defect interactions leading to embrittlement are challenging to unravel. Here, we investigate an intriguing hydrogen effect to shed more light on these interactions. By designing an in situ electron channeling contrast imaging experiment of samples under no external stresses, we show that dislocations (atomic-scale line defects) can move distances reaching 1.5 μm during hydrogen desorption. Combining molecular dynamics and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal that grain boundary hydrogen segregation can cause the required long-range resolved shear stresses, as well as short-range atomic stress fluctuations. Thus, such segregation effects should be considered widely in hydrogen research.
Supplementary Figures 1-5, Tables 1-2 from Inhibition of HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase-2 Blocks Tumor Growth in Mice through the Antiproliferative Activity of TGFβ (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5, Tables 1-2 from Inhibition of HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase-2 Blocks Tumor Growth in Mice through the Antiproliferative Activity of TGFβ
Diode laser waveguiding in polydiacetylene films (1990)

Waveguiding in spun p-3BCMU films has been observed for the first time with laser diode sources, at λ = 860 nm and λ = 670 nm. Mode numbers for both TE and TM modes were measured by means of m-line spectroscopy, the results suggesting a strong film birefringence. Attenuation measurements carried out with the scanning fibre technique give values of about 10 dB/cm and 20 dB/cm at 860 nm and 670 nm, respectively.
Case of immunoglobulin G4‐related skin disease: Possible immunoglobulin G4‐related skin disease cases in cutaneous pseudolymphoma only by immunohistochemical analysis (2013)

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly recognized disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels, tissue infiltration rich in IgG4(+) plasma cells. We report on a case which was first considered as pseudolymphoma from the histopathological analysis, but finally diagnosed as IgG4-related skin lesions. As the morphological features of cutaneous involvement of IgG4-RD are consistent with those of cutaneous pseudolymphoma, we tried immunostaining past potential cases of IgG4-RD. Thirty-two skin specimens (15 men and 17 women; mean age, 53 years) diagnosed as having pseudolymphoma were retrieved from the archives to conduct hematoxylin-eosin, IgG and IgG4 staining. Out of the 32 cases of cutaneous pseudolymphoma, germinal center formation was seen in 22 cases, and moderate-severe fibrosis was seen in seven cases. Eleven cases showed more than 10 IgG4(+) plasma cell infiltration/high-power field, and among these 11 cases, seven cases (22%) showed A ratio of IgG4(+)/IgG(+) cells of more than 40%. Thus, out of the 32 cases of cutaneous pseudolymphomas, two cases (6.3%) satisfied IgG4-RD histopathological diagnostic criteria. As clinical presentations and histopathological features of skin involvement of IgG4-RD are analogous to cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma, careful identification is required through systemic examination, serum IgG4 measurement and other means.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulations Leading to Diene Systems. Total Synthesis of the Diterpenoid Synthesis of the Diterpenoid (.+‐.)‐(14S)‐Dolasta‐1(15),7,9‐trien‐14‐ ol. (1987)

Abstract The cyclic ketones (I) are alkylated with the allylic bromide (II) and then converted to the corresponding enol triflates (IV), which are cyclized to give the bicyclic dienes (VI) in the presence of the palladium complex (V).
DETECTION OF CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS IN ANIMAL FECAL ISOLATES FROM NEPAL USING AN FTA FILTER-BASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION METHOD (2004)

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging protozoan parasite capable of causing a protracted diarrheal illness in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Ingestion of fresh produce and water sources contaminated with mature sporulated oocysts results in acquisition of cyclosporiasis. Currently, no animal model exists for the study of this pathogenic parasite and the only confirmed reservoir host for C. cayetanensis in nature is humans. Previously, Cyclospora-like oocysts had been detected by microscopy in several animals including non-human primates. However, their phylogenetic relationship to C. cayetanensis remained uncertain due to the limited availability of molecular techniques to differentiate and speciate these isolates. In the present study, we examined a series of fecal isolates obtained from dogs, chickens, and monkeys collected between May and September 2002 from several geographic regions of Nepal. All samples were examined by microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of C. cayetanensis. Both microscopic and conventional PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis demonstrated the presence of Cyclospora sp. in the fecal samples of two dogs, one chicken, and one monkey. Application of a species-specific multiplex PCR assay confirmed the presence of both Eimeria sp. and C. cayetanensis in the positive chicken sample and only C. cayetanensis in the dog and monkey samples. However, in the absence of tissue analysis, the assignment of these animals as a natural reservoir host for C. cayetanensis remains to be determined.
Flip Zooming: A Practical Focus+Context Approach to Visualizing Large Data Sets. (1997)

INTRODUCTION When working with a large material, such as a document or a database, it is often desirable to be able to examine some part of the material in detail, while still retaining a contextual overview. This becomes problematic when the material has to be displayed on a computer screen. Many visualization techniques that attempt to overcome problems associated with displaying large amounts of data have been developed. The so-called focus+context visualization techniques attempt to give users an overview over the whole information (the context) while simultaneously making it possible to view or work with some part of the material in detail (the focus). Focus+context techniques include the bifocal display [7], the generalized fish-eye view [1], the graphical fish-eye view [6], the perspective wall [4] and the document lens [5]. An overview of distortion-based presentation techniques is given in [3]. * Present address: Dept. of Inform
Dose-response models and edr data for assessment of injury risk and effectiveness of safety systems (2008)

In order to design a safe road transport system, including almost all safety technologies, knowledge of human injury tolerance and biomechanics is fundamental. It is important to understand the whole chain of events in a crash, how the impact speed relates to the injury outcome. Analyses of realworld car crashes are useful to gain such knowledge and to identify the effectiveness of safety technologies. Using dose-response models can be of great help in such work. The dose is the input, the impact severity, and the response is the injury outcome. The link deciding the response of the dose is the injury risk function. The aims of this lecture are to present injury risk functions based on real-life frontal crashes with crash severity measured with on-board crash pulse recorders and to show how such information can be used in effectiveness studies using dose-response models, both regarding safety technology already introduced, but also regarding technologies to be introduced. For the covering abstract see ITRD E144229.
Thermoset epoxy polymers from renewable resources (2023)

Novel thermoset epoxy polymers using the bisglycidyl ethers of anhydrosugars, such as isosorbide, isomannide, and isoidide, are disclosed. The bisglycidyl ethers are useful as substitutes for bisphenol A in the manufacture of thermoset epoxy ethers. The anhydrosugars are derived from renewable sources and the bisglycidyl ethers are not xenoestrogenic and the thermoset curing agents are likewise derived form renewable resources.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetically Modified Clay Composites (2000)

The interaction of acetic acid vapors with iron-exchanged montmorillonites leads to iron acetate intercalates which upon pyrolysis transform to magnetic γ-iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed onto the external surface of the clay mineral. As these novel clay composites retain the original swelling and cation-exchange properties of the mineral, the synthesis of various clay derivatives is readily attained. X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and transmission electron microscopy provide evidence for the formation of magnetic iron oxide phase and also for its location in the clay structure.
A Novel Plant Ferredoxin-Like Protein and the Regulator Hor Are Quorum-Sensing Targets in the Plant Pathogen Erwinia carotovora (2008)

Quorum sensing (QS), a population-density-sensing mechanism, controls the production of the main virulence determinants, the plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) of the soft-rot phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. In this study, we used random transposon mutagenesis with a gusA reporter construct to identify two new QS-controlled genes encoding the regulator Hor and a plant ferredoxin-like protein, FerE. The QS control of the identified genes was executed by the QS regulators ExpR1 and ExpR2 and mediated by the global repressor RsmA. Hor was shown to contribute to bacterial virulence at least partly through its control of PCWDE production. Our results showed that FerE contributes to oxidative stress tolerance and in planta fitness of the bacteria and suggest that QS could be central to control of oxidative stress tolerance. The presence of the FerE protein appears to be rather unique in heterotrophic bacteria and suggests an acquisition of the corresponding gene from plant host by horizontal gene transfer.