gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intratracheal inoculation results in Brucella-associated reproductive disease in male mouse and guinea pig models of infection (2022)

<i>Brucella</i> species are considered a significant cause of reproductive pathology in male and female animals. Importantly, <i>Brucella melitensis</i> can induce reproductive disease in humans. Reproductive pathogenesis and evaluation of newly developed countermeasures against brucellosis studies have traditionally utilized female animal models. However, any potential, new intervention for use in humans would need to be evaluated in both sexes. Therefore, animal models for male reproductive brucellosis are desperately needed to understand disease progression. Accordingly, we evaluated guinea pigs and mice using <i>B. melitensis</i> 16 M in an intratracheal model of inoculation at different stages of infection (peracute, acute, and chronic) with an emphasis on determining the effect to the male reproductive organs. Aerosol inoculation resulted in colonization of the reproductive organs (testicle, epididymis, prostate) in both species. Infection peaked during the peracute (1-week post-infection [p.i.]) and acute (2-weeks p.i.) stages of infection in the mouse in spleen, epididymis, prostate, and testicle, but colonization was poorly associated with inflammation. In the guinea pig, peak infection was during the acute stage (4-weeks p.i.) and resulted in inflammation that disrupted spermatogenesis chronically. To determine if vaccine efficacy could be evaluated using these models, males were vaccinated using subcutaneous injection with vaccine candidate 16 M<i>ΔvjbR</i> at 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/100 μl followed by intratracheal challenge with 16 M at 10<sup>7</sup>. Interestingly, vaccination efficacy varied between species and reproductive organs demonstrating the value of evaluating vaccine candidates in multiple models and sexes. Vaccination resulted in a significant reduction in colonization in the mouse, but this could not be correlated with a decrease in inflammation. Due to the ability to evaluate for both colonization and inflammation, guinea pigs seemed the better model not only for assessing host-pathogen interactions but also for future vaccine development efforts.
<title>Local polariton modes in planar optical microcavities</title> (2002)

An array of quantum dots in a microcavity is considered. It is shown that a vacancy in the array may give rise to one or two quasi-local states with a long life-time depending upon the structure of the array. One state always splits off the top of the polariton gap, and the other one may appear closer to the bottom of the gap. The life-time of the state is mostly determined by the exciton non-radiative relaxation and depends only weakly upon the properties of the cavity mirrors.
Thermodynamic Characterization of the Binding of Nucleotides to Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase (2003)

The interaction of adenine nucleotides with glycyl-tRNA synthetase was examined by several experimental approaches. ATP and nonsubstrate ATP analogues render glycyl-tRNA synthetase more resistant to digestion by a number of proteases (thrombin, Arg-C, and chymotrypsin) at concentrations that correlate with their Michaelis constants or inhibition constants, consistent with their exerting an effect by binding at the ATP site. Glycine had little effect alone but potentiated the effect of ATP in increasing the resistance to thrombin digestion, consistent with the formation of an enzyme-bound adenylate. No protection from thrombin digestion was afforded by tRNA(gly). Binding constants were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry at 25 degrees C for ATP (2.5 x 10(5) M(-1)), AMPPNP (3.7 x 10(5) M(-1)), and AMPPCP (2.2 x 10(6) M(-1)). The nucleotides had similar values for DeltaH (-71 kJ mol(-1)), with values for TDeltaS that accounted for the differences in the binding constants. Near-ultraviolet CD spectra of the enzyme-nucleotide complexes indicate that the nucleotides are bound in the anti configuration. A glycyl-adenylate analogue, glycine sulfamoyl adenosine (GSAd), bound with a large value for DeltaH (-187 kJ mol(-1)), which was balanced by a large TDeltaS term to give a binding constant (3.7 x 10(6) M(-1)) only slightly larger than that of AMPPCP. Glycine binding to the enzyme could not be detected calorimetrically, and its presence did not change the thermodynamic parameters for binding of AMPPCP. AMPPNP and AMPPCP were not substrates for glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Analysis of the temperature dependence of ATP binding indicated that the heat capacity change is small, whereas the binding of GSAd is accompanied by a large negative heat capacity change (-2.6 kJ K(-1) mol(-1)). Titrations performed in buffers with different ionization enthalpies indicate that the large value for DeltaH for the adenylate analogue does not arise from a coupled protonation event. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that glycyl-tRNA synthetase is stabilized by nucleotides. Unfolding of the protein is irreversible, and thermodynamic parameters for unfolding could therefore not be determined. The results are consistent with a significant conformational transition in glycyl-tRNA synthetase coupled to the binding of GSAd.
Leveraging published randomized controlled trials to inform clinical trial design: a simulation-based study of laminectomy versus laminectomy and fusion (2023)

The expected benefit of surgical treatments for spondylolisthesis varied according to preoperative disability. Adapting Swedish-estimated treatment effects to the US context mildly overapproximated the improvement in postoperative disability scores for laminectomy, but more severely underapproximated the improvement reported for laminectomy and fusion in the SLIP trial. The observed heterogeneity between these studies is influenced more by patient response to fusion than response to laminectomy. This analysis paves the way for future studies on the impact of preoperative treatment group heterogeneity, differences in surgical methods, and empirical design on reported clinical benefits. Although bayesian reanalysis of published randomized controlled trial data is susceptible to biases that typically limit post hoc analyses, the authors' method offers a simple and cost-effective approach to improve the understanding of published clinical trial results and their implications for future studies.
Increasing effective IPC by exploiting distant parallelism (1999)

The main objective of compiler and processor designers is to effectively exploit the instruction-level parallelism (ILP) available in applications.
Sharing Low Rank Conformer Weights for Tiny Always-On Ambient Speech Recognition Models (2023)

Continued improvements in machine learning techniques offer exciting new opportunities through the use of larger models and larger training datasets. However, there is a growing need to offer these new capabilities on-board low-powered devices such as smartphones, wearables and other embedded environments where only low memory is available. Towards this, we consider methods to reduce the model size of Conformer-based speech recognition models which typically require models with greater than 100M parameters down to just $5$M parameters while minimizing impact on model quality. Such a model allows us to achieve always-on ambient speech recognition on edge devices with low-memory neural processors. We propose model weight reuse at different levels within our model architecture: (i) repeating full conformer block layers, (ii) sharing specific conformer modules across layers, (iii) sharing sub-components per conformer module, and (iv) sharing decomposed sub-component weights after low-rank decomposition. By sharing weights at different levels of our model, we can retain the full model in-memory while increasing the number of virtual transformations applied to the input. Through a series of ablation studies and evaluations, we find that with weight sharing and a low-rank architecture, we can achieve a WER of 2.84 and 2.94 for Librispeech dev-clean and test-clean respectively with a $5$M parameter model.
Optimizing content relay policy in publish-subscribe mobile social networks (2015)

Publish-subscribe mobile social networks enable content providers to disseminate up-to-date contents to end users with the help of mobile content relays by opportunistic wireless contacts. Since content providers, relays and end users are independent and self-interest entities in the mobile social networks, the content relay has to take a content requesting/transferring action to achieve the lowest cost. In this paper, we propose and solve a Markov decision process (MDP) based scheme for the content relay to optimally take the actions to receive contents from content providers, and to transfer/forward contents to end users. The relay takes an action based on the observed content price, the number of end users of contents, as well as the queue length. The proposed MDP scheme aims to minimize an expected cost of the content relay. The numerical results show that the proposed MDP scheme significantly outperforms baseline schemes.
[Characteristics of selected features of hereditary ovarian cancer in carriers of constitutional BRCA1 gene mutation]. (2002)

1. Features of HOC in studied material and in other populations are similar 2. High morphological grading is the most characteristic for HOC in BRCA1 carriers.
A SPACE--PROPER TIME FORMULATION OF RELATIVISTIC GEOMETRY (1969)

Abstract : Any formulation of the theory of relativity specifies implicitly or explicitly the exactness or inexactness of the temporal and spatial differentials that occur. The Minkowski formulation implicitly assumes the exactness of coordinate (common) time and the inexactness of proper time. In this paper we examine several other possibilities. The assumption of the exactness of proper time and inexactness of common time leads to a space-proper time (SPT) representation of events that (a) yields the customary formal results of the theory including the differential aging prediction of the 'twin paradox,' (b) allows an analog of Fermat's principle to describe both particles and light, and (c) leads to a many-proper time formulation of the relativistic many-body problem essentially equivalent to the Minkowski space formulation. Analogies between the SPT geometry and the geometric approach to thermodynamics, especially as formulated by Caratheodory, suggest the gamma function of relativity is an integrating factor with physical meaning for the many-body problem and also provides insight into the concept of virtual photons.
ChemInform Abstract: CALCIFEROL AND ITS RELATIVES. PART 20. A SYNTHESIS OF WINDAUS AND GRUNDMANN′S S C19 KETONE (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem Hydrindenylpropanol (Ia) wird nach angegebenem Schema der Aldehyd (IIIc) dargestellt, dessen Grignardierung mit (IV) die Alkohole (V) liefert.
Effects of 1-GeV uranium ion irradiation on vortex pinning in single crystals of the high-temperature superconductorYBa2Cu3O7−δ (1997)

We report magnetoresistance measurements of the effects of 1-GeV uranium ion irradiation on a clean, untwinned single crystal of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}.$ In order to isolate the effects of irradiation, we masked one region of the crystal from the radiation so that it would retain its original characteristics. The columnar defects created by the irradiation dramatically alter the shape of the irreversibility line. In addition, the pinning anisotropy of the vortices is reversed by the irradiation. We estimate the pinning energy from the depinning angle and compare it to the pinning energy measured in twinned single crystals. We show that the onset of pinning from the columnar defects occurs very close to the zero-field superconducting transition temperature, well into the vortex liquid state. In addition, measurements across the boundary between the irradiated and unirradiated regions directly demonstrate that the dissipative behavior of vortex flow due to the Lorentz force is similar to the dissipation of two resistors in series for this geometry.
Chemical modification strategies for viscosity-dependent processing of gellan gum (2021)

Recently, the hydrogel-forming polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) has gained popularity as a versatile biomaterial for tissue engineering purposes. Here, we examine the modification strategies suitable for GG to overcome processing-related limitations. We emphasize the thorough assessment of the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of both precursor solutions and final hydrogels. The investigated modification strategies include purification, oxidation, reductive chain scission, and blending. We correlate polymer flow and hydrogel forming capabilities to viscosity-dependent methods including casting, injection and printing. Native GG and purified NaGG are shear thinning and feasible for printing, being similar in gelation and compression behavior. Oxidized GGox possesses reduced viscosity, higher toughness, and aldehydes as functional groups, while scissored GGsciss has markedly lower molecular weight. To exemplify extrudability, select modification products are printed using an extrusion-based bioprinter utilizing a crosslinker bath. Our robust modification strategies have widened the processing capabilities of GG without affecting its ability to form hydrogels.
Coadaptive Brain–Machine Interface via Reinforcement Learning (2009)

This paper introduces and demonstrates a novel brain-machine interface (BMI) architecture based on the concepts of reinforcement learning (RL), coadaptation, and shaping. RL allows the BMI control algorithm to learn to complete tasks from interactions with the environment, rather than an explicit training signal. Coadaption enables continuous, synergistic adaptation between the BMI control algorithm and BMI user working in changing environments. Shaping is designed to reduce the learning curve for BMI users attempting to control a prosthetic. Here, we present the theory and in vivo experimental paradigm to illustrate how this BMI learns to complete a reaching task using a prosthetic arm in a 3-D workspace based on the user's neuronal activity. This semisupervised learning framework does not require user movements. We quantify BMI performance in closed-loop brain control over six to ten days for three rats as a function of increasing task difficulty. All three subjects coadapted with their BMI control algorithms to control the prosthetic significantly above chance at each level of difficulty.
RGPD:mais que veut vraiment le citoyen (2018)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Very High Fluence Collagen Cross-linking as a Refractive Enhancement of a Regressed Previous Astigmatic Keratotomy (2013)

A possible novel application of high fluence CXL with refractive cornea effect is introduced. It may offer rapid and simple rehabilitation and its effect may be tapered.
MySQL Tools (2001)

This chapter is a reference for the options and functions of the most important MySQL tools. We discuss the server mysqld, the monitor mysql, and the administration tools mysqladmin, myisamchk, etc.KeywordsConfiguration FileError ReportQuotation MarkAdministrative TaskTemporary FileThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Intramolecular SN2? cyclization of an alkyllithium species onto a methoxy allyl ether is syn selectiveElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: preparation and characterization of all compounds. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b314358a/ (2004)

The preference for syn- or anti-addition of an intramolecular S(N)2[prime or minute] cyclization of an alkyllithium species onto a methoxy allyl ether has been proven unequivocally to take place by a syn S(N)2[prime or minute] mechanism.
Optimization of light trapping in ultrathin nonhomogeneous CuIn1-ξGaξSe2 solar cell backed by 1D periodically corrugated backreflector (2018)

We studied the optimization of an ultrathin CuIn<sub>1-&xi;</sub>Ga<sub>&xi;</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) solar cell with a nonhomogeneous CIGS absorber layer and backed by a 1D metallic periodically corrugated back-reflector (PCBR) with a rectangular profile. Nonhomogeneity in the CIGS absorber layer was modeled through either a sinusoidal or a linear bandgap variation along the thickness direction. The maximum power density for the AM1.5G spectrum was determined from the spectrum of the useful solar absorptance computed using the rigorous coupled-wave approach. Ultrathin solar cells with optimized PCBR and homogenous bandgap depending on the thickness of the CIGS layer were found to deliver the best photonic absorption characteristics. The open-circuit voltage, efficiency, and fill factor were calculated for the optimal designs using values of the reverse-saturation current density, ideality factor, and the series resistance density obtained from experimental results. The overall trend is that the effect of the PCBR becomes less prominent as the thickness of the CIGS absorber layer increases. Higher efficiency and fill factor can be achieved with a solar cell containing as 400-nm-thick CIGS layer compared to the conventional solar cell with a 2200-nm-thick CIGS layer.
Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid over Transition Metal Catalysts (2010)

Catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol has been carried out in aqueous phase on several metals, with ruthenium being the most active and selective. DFT calculations suggest that the initial C[BOND]O bond scission yielding acetyl is the key step and that the intrinsic reactivity of the metals accounts for the observed activity.
The bootstrapped gate FET (BGFET)-a new control transistor (2002)

Si PIN diodes are used almost exclusively when low cost, low distortion variable attenuators are needed. PIN diodes can obtain an input third order intercept IIP3 of +20 to +40 dBm, but at the expense of complicated biasing and high current consumption. GaAs MESFETs used as attenuators require only a control voltage and are easily integrated into monolithic circuits. A major disadvantage of the GaAs MESFET is its high level of distortion. In a series attenuator configuration, a typical GaAs MESFET IIP3 is 0 dBm at 10 dB attenuation. Therefore, GaAs MESFETs are used only under very low level input signals. This precludes their use from most high volume applications such as cable television, DBS receivers and cellular telephones. We present a new transistor, a bootstrapped gate FET (BGFET) which provides about an approximate 20 dB improvement in distortion over a standard GaAs MESFET.
Microcapteurs chimiques basés sur des couches nanométriques de silicium polycristallin : application à la détection de plomb (2016)

The aim of this research work is to implement a lead ions sensor based on polycrystalline silicon nanostructures. This material has been intensively studied by electrical and physical characterization. This study showed that structures such as polysilicon nanoribbons or nanowires have poor crystalline quality but satisfying enough electrical properties to be used as a sensor sensible elements. Nanoribbons have been functionnalized by spontaneous grafting of diazonium salts that enable lead ions trapping at the surface of these nanoribbons. Thanks to the functionnalization, sensor reached a limit detection as low as 2.10-7 mol/L. These results prove that sensing lead ions is possible thanks to low-cost polysilicon nanostructures. Development of a gate-all-around transistor based on polycrystalline silicon nanowires is proposed in this manuscript. It could lead to increase sensibility of that type of microsensors.
Natural killer cells as effectors of selection and differentiation of stem cells: Role in resolution of inflammation (2014)

Evidence has previously been demonstrated for the role of NK cells in specific elimination of healthy stem cells (e.g. hMSC, hDPSC, hESC, hiPSC) as well as cancer stem cells, but not their differentiated counterparts. There is also a stage-wise susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cyto-toxicity in tumors, in which case the poorly-differentiated tumors are lysed much more than moderately-differentiated tumors. Well-differentiated tumors were lysed the least compared to either moderately- or poorly-differentiated tumors. It has also been reported that inhibition of differentiation or reversion of cells to a less-differentiated stage by blocking NF-κB or by gene deletion of COX2 significantly augmented NK cell cytotoxicity against both transformed and healthy cells. Additionally, the cytotoxic function of NK cells was severely inhibited against stem cells when they were cultured in the presence of monocytes. Therefore, it is proposed that CD16(+)CD56(dim)CD69(-) NK cells were important for the selection of stem cells, whereas the CD16(dim/-)CD56(dim/+)CD69(+) anergized NK cells were important for differentiation and eventual regeneration of the tissues and the resolution of inflammation, thus potentially serving as regulatory NK (NK(reg)) cells. The concept of 'split anergy' in NK cells and the generation of NK(reg) cells with regard to contributions to cell differentiation, tissue repair and regeneration and in tumor resistance are discussed in this review.
Real‐Time Optimally Adapting Meshes: Terrain Visualization in Games (2008)

One of the main challenges encountered by interactive graphics programmers involves presenting high‐quality scenes while retaining real‐time frame rates on the hardware. To achieve this, level‐of‐detail techniques can be employed to provide a form of control over scene quality versus performance. Several algorithms exist that allow such control, including the real‐time optimally adapting mesh (ROAM) algorithm specifically aimed at terrain systems. Although ROAM provides an excellent approach to terrain visualization, it contains elements that can be difficult to implement within a game system. This paper hopes to discuss these factors and provide a more game‐orientated implementation of the algorithm.
320-fold luminescence enhancement of [Ru(dpp)3]Cl2 dispersed on PMMA opal photonic crystals and highly improved oxygen sensing performance (2014)

Ru complexes ([Ru(dpp)3]Cl2) were spin coated on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) opal photonic crystals (PhCs), and a ∼320-fold luminescence enhancement was observed compared to that on glass, which is the largest luminescence enhancement of dye molecules by the modulation of three-dimensional (3D) PhCs reported until now. The enhancement mechanism was carefully examined and it was shown that the luminescence of [Ru(dpp)3]Cl2 depended on the molecule concentration and temperature. It can be concluded that the suppressed non-radiative relaxation among the molecules and the field enhancement both contribute significantly to the luminescence enhancement. The PMMA PhC/Ru complex composites were then tested for their intracellular oxygen sensing and cell imaging properties; these composites effectively improved the limit of detection (LOD) and the brightness of the cell images. The performance of an optical oxygen sensor using a luminescent dye is dramatically improved by employing a textured polymer substrate. Pingwei Zhou and co-workers from Jilin University in China spin coated an ethanol solution containing the dye Ru(dpp)3Cl2 onto two different substrates: plain glass and a photonic crystal made from an array of tiny polymer spheres. They found that, on optical excitation, the dye on the polymer substrate exhibited up to 320 times stronger light emission than the dye on the glass substrate. They attributed this enhanced emission to suppression of non-radiative relaxation and field-enhancement effects from the polymer photonic crystal. The brighter emission results in an enhanced detection limit for intracellular oxygen sensing when using the dye as an oxygen probe.