gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerically stable coded matrix computations via circulant and rotation matrix embeddings (2019)

Polynomial based methods have recently been used in several works for mitigating the effect of stragglers (slow or failed nodes) in distributed matrix computations. For a system with $n$ worker nodes where $s$ can be stragglers, these approaches allow for an optimal recovery threshold, whereby the intended result can be decoded as long as any $(n-s)$ worker nodes complete their tasks. However, they suffer from serious numerical issues owing to the condition number of the corresponding real Vandermonde-structured recovery matrices; this condition number grows exponentially in $n$. We present a novel approach that leverages the properties of circulant permutation matrices and rotation matrices for coded matrix computation. In addition to having an optimal recovery threshold, we demonstrate an upper bound on the worst-case condition number of our recovery matrices which grows as $\approx O(n^{s+5.5})$; in the practical scenario where $s$ is a constant, this grows polynomially in $n$. Our schemes leverage the well-behaved conditioning of complex Vandermonde matrices with parameters on the complex unit circle, while still working with computation over the reals. Exhaustive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method has condition numbers that are orders of magnitude lower than prior work.
SERUM FRUCTOSE IN PANCREATIC CANCER PATIENTS (2007)

Introduction: The Westernized diet contributes significantly to the increased prevalence of insulin resistance, obesity, and certain cancers, including pancreatic cancer. It is now recognized that high refined carbohydrate (CHO), and specifically, high-refined fructose consumption may be responsible. Aim: We sought to develop an assay to measure circulating fructose concentrations in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Using fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to 5-ketofructose, followed by quantitation of MTT formazan production by direct spectrophotometry an assay to measure serum fructose concentration was developed, assay sensitivity, and specificity were tested. Validity of the assay was confirmed by GC-mass spectroscopy, and tested in normal subjects and 9 pancreatic cancer patients. Results: The assay was highly specific, exhibiting no cross-reactivity with other sugars. The FDH-based enzymatic assay correlated highly with GC-mass spectroscopic analysis of serum fructose with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Mean serum fructose concentration in fasting healthy volunteers was 2. 6 ± 0.7 mM, and following ingestion of a fructose and glucose -containing drink rose to 16.3 ± 1.2 mM at 15min, and peaked at 30 min when serum fructose was 17.2 ± 1.1 mM. Mean fasting serum fructose level in patients with pancreatic cancers was significantly higher than control at 5.73 ± 2.52 mM. Conclusion: Measurement of serum fructose concentration may provide insight into the relationship between refined fructose intake, and pancreatic cancer. (Partial supported by NIH grant No.R01 CA12327301A2).
Spatial Data Dependence Graph Simulator for Convolutional Neural Network Accelerators (2019)

A spatial data dependence graph (S-DDG) is newly proposed to model an accelerator dataflow. The pre-RTL simulator based on the S-DDG helps to explore the design space in the early design phase. The simulation results show the impact of memory latency and bandwidth on a convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator.
Laparoscopic tissue fragmentation under visual control: Concept and experimental experience (1996)

The extraction of resected tissue is a specific problem of advanced endoscopic procedures in different fields of minimally invasive therapy. The retrieval of parenchymatous organs like the kidney or the spleen requires either laparotomy or intracorporeal morcellation. Most of the current morcellation techniques result in uncontrolled fragmentation or liquidization of the organ. The post-operative pathologic work-up is therefore severely limited. Our concept of organ fragmentation and retrieval is based on a large bag which we called TRIPORTBAG (three port bag) with two supplemental access tubes. After organ entrapment the three access points are withdrawn from the abdominal cavity. An endoscope and specific instruments can be introduced into the bag. Tissue fragmentation is carried out under continuous video imaging and recording. The fragmentation can be performed with various tools, e.g. scissors of HF-electrodes. This procedure allows selective intracorporeal work-up of the pathologic organ similar to the way it is normally done by the pathologist. Due to application of a 20 mm trocar as main access to the bag, a relatively large fragment size can be achieved. Video recording allows post-operative assignment of the fragments to the original shape of the specimen. The bags we used are currently prototypes. The technique was tested in phantom and animal experiments; before clinical application complete water- and gas-tightness of the cloth bag (Aramide) must be guaranteed.
Ferrimagnetic Nanochains‐Based Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engineering for Highly Efficient Post‐Stroke Recovery (2019)

Abstract Unsatisfactory post‐stroke recovery has long been a negative factor in the prognosis of ischemic stroke due to the lack of pharmacological treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)‐based therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy redefining stroke treatment; however, its effectiveness has been largely restricted by insufficient therapeutic gene expression and inadequate cell numbers in the ischemic cerebrum. Herein, a non‐viral and magnetic field‐independent gene transfection approach is reported, using magnetosome‐like ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanochains (MFIONs), to genetically engineer MSCs for highly efficient post‐stroke recovery. The 1D MFIONs show efficient cellular uptake by MSCs, which results in highly efficient genetic engineering of MSCs to overexpress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor for treating ischemic cerebrum. Moreover, the internalized MFIONs promote the homing of MSCs to the ischemic cerebrum by upregulating CXCR4. Consequently, a pronounced recovery from ischemic stroke is achieved using MFION‐engineered MSCs in a mouse model.
Fundamental chemistry and thermodynamics of hydrothermal oxidation processes. 1998 annual progress report (1998)

'The objective of this research program is to provide fundamental scientific information on the physical and chemical properties of solutes in aqueous solutions at high temperatures needed to assess and enhance the applicability of hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) to the remediation of DOE hazardous and mixed wastes. Potential limitations to the use of HTO technology include formation of deposits (scale) from precipitation of inorganic solutes in the waste, corrosion arising from formation of strong acids on oxidation of some organic compounds (e.g., chlorinated hydrocarbons), and unknown effects of fluid density and phase behavior at high temperatures. Focus areas for this project include measurements of the solubility and speciation of actinides and surrogates in model HTO process streams at high temperatures, and the experimental and theoretical development of equations of state for aqueous mixtures under HTO process conditions ranging above the critical temperature of water. A predictive level of understanding of the chemical and physical properties of HTO process streams is being developed through molecular-level simulations of aqueous solutions at high temperatures. Advances in fundamental understanding of phase behavior, density, and solute speciation at high temperatures and pressures contribute directly to the ultimate applicability of this process for the treatment of DOE hazardous and mixed wastes. Research in this project has been divided into individual tasks, with each contributing to a unified understanding of HTO processing problems related to the treatment of DOE wastes. This report summarizes progress attained after slightly less than two years of this three-year project.'
Delivery of an enzyme-IGFII fusion protein to the mouse brain is therapeutic for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (2014)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB, Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by profound intellectual disability, dementia, and a lifespan of about two decades. The cause is mutation in the gene encoding α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), deficiency of NAGLU, and accumulation of heparan sulfate. Impediments to enzyme replacement therapy are the absence of mannose 6-phosphate on recombinant human NAGLU and the blood-brain barrier. To overcome the first impediment, a fusion protein of recombinant NAGLU and a fragment of insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) was prepared for endocytosis by the mannose 6-phosphate/IGFII receptor. To bypass the blood-brain barrier, the fusion protein ("enzyme") in artificial cerebrospinal fluid ("vehicle") was administered intracerebroventricularly to the brain of adult MPS IIIB mice, four times over 2 wk. The brains were analyzed 1-28 d later and compared with brains of MPS IIIB mice that received vehicle alone or control (heterozygous) mice that received vehicle. There was marked uptake of the administered enzyme in many parts of the brain, where it persisted with a half-life of approximately 10 d. Heparan sulfate, and especially disease-specific heparan sulfate, was reduced to control level. A number of secondary accumulations in neurons [β-hexosaminidase, LAMP1(lysosome-associated membrane protein 1), SCMAS (subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase), glypican 5, β-amyloid, P-tau] were reduced almost to control level. CD68, a microglial protein, was reduced halfway. A large amount of enzyme also appeared in liver cells, where it reduced heparan sulfate and β-hexosaminidase accumulation to control levels. These results suggest the feasibility of enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IIIB.
Dynamics of Spatial Correlation a,nd Implications on MIMO Systems (2004)

Thc usc of multiple antennas has found various applications in thc area of wireless communications. Onc such application has recently become very popular and is referred to as the multiplc-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systcm. Thc main idea bchind MlMO is to establish independent parallel channcls between multiple transmit and receive antcnnas. Each channel uses the same frequency, and the transmissions occur simultaneously. In such a configuration, the amount of data transmitted increases lincarly with the numbcr of parallel channels, which is what makes MlMO so popular in the wircless world. The enormous capacity offered by MIMO systems is not realizable when the parallel channels arc highly correlated. The goal of this article is to highlight the correlation concept and its impact on MIMO systems. Although correlation can he defined in many dimensions, hcrc wc focus on spatial correlation, and spccifically consider antenna correlations in mobile units. We provide an overview of spatial correlation and present its underlying paramcters in detail. Special attention is given to mutual coupling Since it has signal decorrelation and antcnna gain reduction effects. We then prcsent how correlation in a MIMO system affects thc amount of data that can he transmitted (MIMO capacity) and hriefly review how power should hc distrihuted with the knowledge of eorrclation. Analyscs indicatc that in real propagation cnvironments, the high capacity gain of MlMO systems can be realized with improved antenna selection algorithms and power allocation strategies.
Review of catalytic syngas production through steam or dry reforming and partial oxidation of studied liquid compounds (2015)

Although natural gas is the main feedstock for the production of hydrogen and syngas, liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds are of interest for reasons associated with their local availability and their easiness to be stored and transported. This review focuses on steam, dry, and partial oxidation of liquid feedstock. The vast research work published in these fields does not allow for a full coverage of the entire literature. Instead, the authors present from both scientific and technical stand points the knowledge which seems more promising toward eventual improvements of commercial units and utilization of new catalytic formulations. Since traditional steam reforming is relatively very well covered by other reviews, this review has mainly focused on the relatively recent works on glycerol, a biodiesel production by‐product, and the widely available and distributed commercial diesel/biodiesel. New promising catalytic formulations are proposed and are actually under testing for eventual commercial use. Nevertheless these catalysts might be eventually efficient for gaseous (e.g., CH 4 ) hydrocarbons conversion to syngas. Dry and partial oxidation has also been reviewed both globally and in an incremental way. All liquid feedstock tested are reported. Finally, this review tries to bridge the gap between fundamental and factual research in this field. Both are important but the interpretation of the results remains a strong function of each paper's main focus. This review does not pretend that this gap is fully bridged but it has the ambition to help the researchers as well as the practitioners in this area to synthesize the existing knowledge. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:169–187. doi: 10.1002/wene.167 This article is categorized under: Bioenergy &gt; Science and Materials Fuel Cells and Hydrogen &gt; Science and Materials
A microgravity vibration isolation rig (1992)

It is well known that the spacecraft environment deviates from a state of zero gravity due to various random as well as repetitive sources. Science experiments that require a microgravity environment must therefore be isolated from these disturbances. Active control of noncontact magnetic actuators enables such isolation. A one degree of freedom test rig has been constructed to demonstrate the isolation capability achievable using magnetic actuators. A cylindrical mass on noncontacting electromagnetic supports simulates a microgravity experiment on board an orbiter. Disturbances generated by an electrodynamic shaker are transmitted to the mass via dashpots representing umbilicals. A compact Lorentz actuator has been designed to provide attenuation of this disturbance.
Deposition of polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles on graphene oxide/polyester fabrics for oil adsorption (2018)

Novel hierarchically structured fabrics were successfully fabricated by coating graphene oxide (GO) and depositing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles on the surface of polyester (PET) fibres through suction filtration and magnetron sputtering, respectively. The structure, morphology and properties of the PTFE/GO/PET composite fabrics were characterised. The results revealed that the GO sheets had coated the surface of PET fabrics completely and the PTFE nanoparticles deposited on the GO/PET fabrics were compact and uniform. The as-prepared PTFE/GO/PET fabric showed the outstanding hydrophobic property that the contact angle (CA) reached up to 139°. Besides, the PTFE/GO/PET fabrics exhibited a remarkable capacity of adsorbing various organic solvents and oils from wastewater. More importantly, the CA and adsorption capacity of the PTFE/GO/PET fabrics showed no decrease anymore after 10 times of recycling use. The as-prepared material possesses a potential ability to adsorb organic solvents and oil from wastewater.
Analysis and numerical modelling of silicon nitride deposition in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition reactor. II. Simplified modelling, systematic analysis and comparison with experimental measurements (1995)

For pt. I see ibid., vol. 4, p. 94-106 (1995). In this part of the work, an experimental and a theoretical analysis of the reactor behaviour were performed. The two-dimensional treatment of mass transfer equations was simplified to shorten the calculation time. The results so obtained were found to be in good agreement with those of the bidimensional modelling. The simplified model was used to perform a systematic analysis and the axial variations in deposition rate profile were analysed. Some theoretical estimations were compared with a set of experimental measurements of deposition rate profile and film and gas phase composition. Satisfactory agreement between calculations and experiments was found for various values of electrical power and silane percentage, indicating that the assumptions were, on the whole, realistic.
Speeding up Convolutional Neural Networks with Low Rank Expansions (2014)

The focus of this paper is speeding up the application of convolutional neural networks. While delivering impressive results across a range of computer vision and machine learning tasks, these networks are computationally demanding, limiting their deployability. Convolutional layers generally consume the bulk of the processing time, and so in this work we present two simple schemes for drastically speeding up these layers. This is achieved by exploiting cross-channel or filter redundancy to construct a low rank basis of filters that are rank-1 in the spatial domain. Our methods are architecture agnostic, and can be easily applied to existing CPU and GPU convolutional frameworks for tuneable speedup performance. We demonstrate this with a real world network designed for scene text character recognition [15], showing a possible 2.5× speedup with no loss in accuracy, and 4.5× speedup with less than 1% drop in accuracy, still achieving state-of-the-art on standard benchmarks.
Briki: an optimizing Java compiler (2002)

We have developed a research compiler for Java class files. The compiler, which we call Briki, is designed to test new compilation techniques. We focus on optimizations which are only possible or which are much easier to perform on a high-level intermediate representation (IR). We have designed such a representation (JavaIR) and have written a front-end which recovers high-level structure from the information from the class file. Some of the high-level optimizations can be performed by the Java compiler which produces the class file. There is, however, a set of machine-dependent optimizations which have to be customized for the specific architecture and so can only be performed when the machine code is generated from the byte codes, e.g. in a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. We choose memory hierarchy optimizations as an example of machine-dependent techniques. We show that there is an intersection of the set of machine-dependent optimizations and the set of high-level optimizations. One such example is array remapping, which requires multi-dimensional array references which are not present in the byte codes and at the same time requires information about the memory organization. We develop a set of optimizations for accessing array elements and object fields and show their impact on set of benchmarks which we run on two machines with a JIT compiler. The execution times are reduced by as much as 50%, and we argue that the improvement could be even higher with a more mature JIT technology.
Relevance of Computational Rock Physics (2014)

To validate the transport (fluid and electrical) and elastic properties computed on CT scan pore-scale volumes of natural rock, we first contrast these values to physical labora-tory measurements. We find that computational and physical data obtained on the same rock material source often differ from each other. This mismatch, however, does not preclude the validity of either of the data type — it only implies that expecting a direct match between the effective properties of two volumes of very different sizes taken from the same het-erogeneous material is generally incorrect. To address this situation, instead of directly comparing data points gener-ated by different methods of measurement, we compare trends formed by such data points. These trends include per-meability versus porosity; electrical formation factor versus porosity; and elastic moduli (elastic-wave velocity) versus porosity. In the physical laboratory, these trends are gener-ated by measuring a significant number of samples. In con-trast, in the computational laboratory, these trends are often hidden inside a very small digital sample and can be derived by subsampling it. Hence, we base our validation paradigm on the assumption that if these computational trends match relevant physical trends and/or theoretical rock physics transforms, the computational results are correct. We present examples of such validation for clastic and carbonate sam-ples, including drill cuttings.
Overcoming an intrinsic depolarizing resonance with a partial Siberian snake (2004)

An 11.4% partial Siberian snake was used to successfully accelerate polarized protons through a strong intrinsic depolarizing spin resonance in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). No noticeable depolarization was observed. This opens up the possibility of using a 20% to 30% partial Siberian snake in the AGS or other medium energy proton synchrotrons to overcome all weak and strong depolarizing spin resonances.
Longitudinal Magnetoresistance in the Quantum Limit (1956)

A study has been made of the effect of a magnetic field on the scattering of electrons in a semiconductor with spherical energy surfaces. The theory has been applied to longitudinal magnetoresistance in the case of a very large magnetic field and low temperatures so that all conduction electrons are in the ground oscillator state. Relaxation times for phonon and ionized impurity scattering have been calculated and the corresponding mobilities for a degenerate and nondegenerate semiconductor have been derived. Contrary to the zero magnetoresistance predicted by the usual Boltzmann theory, a field-dependent magnetoresistance is found. For a nondegenerate semiconductor and in the ionized impurity scattering range a negative magnetoresistance is predicted.
Optimization of the Solution-Based Aluminium Gallium Oxide Buffer Layer for CdTe Solar Cells (2021)

Here, we introduce Aluminum Gallium Oxide (AlGaOx) buffer synthesized through a solution-based approach which passivates the interface recombination in CdTe thin film solar cells. This paper seeks to optimize the performance of the solution based AlGaOx buffer without the use of copper (Cu). The results indicated that diluting AlGaOx solution with 10ml dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent removes the blocking effect, achieving a maximum device efficiency of 13.3%, similar to the standard device (Cu/Au) efficiency of 13.6%. These implications could help eliminate the need for Cu in the rear contact. Hence, AlGaOx back buffer shows possibility of being used in bifacial and tandem device configuration for CdTe cells.