gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic Representation of Negation Using Focus Detection (2011)

Negation is present in all human languages and it is used to reverse the polarity of part of statements that are otherwise affirmative by default. A negated statement often carries positive implicit meaning, but to pinpoint the positive part from the negative part is rather difficult. This paper aims at thoroughly representing the semantics of negation by revealing implicit positive meaning. The proposed representation relies on focus of negation detection. For this, new annotation over PropBank and a learning algorithm are proposed. 1
Average Age of Information for a Multi-Source M/M/1 Queueing Model with Packet Management and Self-Preemption in Service (2020)

We consider an M/M/1 status update system consisting of two independent sources and one server. We derive the average age of information (AoI) of each source using the stochastic hybrid systems (SHS) technique under the following packet management with self-preemptive serving policy. The system can contain at most two packets with different source indexes at the same time, i.e., one packet under service and one packet in the queue. When the system is empty, any arriving packet immediately enters the server. When the server is busy at an arrival of a packet, the possible packet of the same source in the system (either waiting in the queue or being served) is replaced by the fresh packet. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed packet management with self-preemptive serving policy compared to several baseline policies.
SU-D-WAB-07: Documenting Dose Delivery for Head & Neck Radiotherapy Using a GPU Based Framework (2013)

Purpose: To compute the delivered dose for head and neck (H&N) radiotherapy sccounting for the patient setup variations as well as physiologic changes during the entire treatment course. Methods: The real-time dose delivery documentation framework consisted of three components, a GPU based multi-resolution optical flow based 3D registration framework, a GPU based local-jocabian computation, and a GPU based dose accumulation framework. In addition, for validation purposes, a GPU based 3D gamma statistics was also employed. We evaluated the framework with ten H&N patients treated with simultaneous integrated boost on a TomoTherapy unit (Accuray Inc.). For every patient, a daily pre-treatment megavoltage CT (MVCT) and weekly kilovoltage CT (KVCT) were acquired. The ability to account for different head and neck postures can be illustrated by observing the internal tissue deformations. The local-Jacobian determinant for the PTVs and the critical structures were used to quantify anatomical volume changes for each week. The GPU-accelerated dose accumulation determined the delivered mean/minimum/maximum dose, equivalent uniform dose (EUD), dose volume histograms (DVHs), as well as 3D gamma statistics comparing the delivered dose to the plan. Results: The ratios (and the standard deviations) between the delivered averaged minimum doses and the planned dose, were 0.73±0.14, 0.66±0.28 and 0.78±0.19 for PTV1 (the initial target volume), PTV2 (regions of involved nodes) and PTV3 (elective nodal areas) respectively. The framework achieved a run-time of 30 sec for registering one KVCT with a planning KVCT, 0.1 sec for the forward dose accumulation and 10 sec for the 3D gamma statistical analyses making the system real-time and an effective tool towards adaptive radiotherapy. Conclusion: The framework addresses the combined challenge of deforming the 3D anatomy using for treatment planning using the daily 3D image data and computing the delivered dose on the deformed planning 3D anatomy.
A high noise recognition system with self-organizing features (2002)

On the basis of the knowledge of software fault tolerance, a new N-version programming scheme to pattern recognition is presented. Each architecture of the N-version scheme includes the training and recall stage. In the training stage, the training vectors are separated into several subset vectors (regions). Subsequently, the authors use the cluster discovery network to extract the features of each subset vector and concurrently complete the feature links to build the architecture for recall stage. In the recall stage, the recognition is based on the feature links between the feature layer and recognition layer. Every pattern node in the recognition layer is fed to the measure similarity block to determine the final output. Then, the authors construct a single architecture and the N-version programming based on the different region definitions of input vector for the purpose of fault tolerance. The authors' experiments are based on the 3-version programming scheme and the recognition rate is very high for the high noise injection. In particular, the authors present a recognition radar map to measure the ability of fault tolerance. Finally, the training and recall time of the proposed system are very short under the single architecture. Therefore, the system may be used in the real-time system.
Antioxidant Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Action of Limonium aureum Extract Based on Systematic Network Pharmacology (2022)

Oxidative stress is the redox imbalance state of organisms that involves in a variety of biological processes of diseases. <i>Limonium aureum</i> (L.) Hill. is an excellent wild plant resource in northern China, which has potential application value for treating oxidative stress. However, there are few studies that focused on the antioxidant effect and related mechanism of <i>L. aureum</i>. Thus, the present study combining systematic network pharmacology and molecular biology aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of <i>L. aureum</i> and explore its underlying anti-oxidation mechanisms. First, the antioxidant activity of <i>L. aureum</i> extracts was confirmed by <i>in vitro</i> and intracellular antioxidant assays. Then, a total of 11 bioactive compounds, 102 predicted targets, and 70 antioxidant-related targets were obtained from open source databases. For elucidating the molecular mechanisms of <i>L. aureum</i>, the PPI network and integrated visualization network based on bioinformatics assays were constructed to preliminarily understand the active compounds and related targets. The subsequent enrichment analysis results showed that <i>L. aureum</i> mainly affect the biological processes involving oxidation-reduction process, response to drug, etc., and the interference with these biological processes might be due to the simultaneous influence on multiple signaling pathways, including the HIF-1 and ERBB signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA levels of predicted hub genes were measured by qRT-PCR to verify the regulatory effect of <i>L. aureum</i> on them. Collectively, this finding lays a foundation for further elucidating the anti-oxidative damage mechanism of <i>L. aureum</i> and promotes the development of therapeutic drugs for oxidative stress.
Experimental results for cascadable micropower time delay estimator (2006)

Experimental results of a micropower integrated circuit (IC) for the measurement of the relative time delay between two signals are presented. A complete experimental characterisation shows that the IC achieves an accuracy of 3 µs in the whole measurement range with a power consumption of 12 µW. This improves on all low-power designs previously reported in the literature.
ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MEMBRANE KINETICS UNDERLYING CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS (2009)

We study the orbits, stability and coexistence of orbits in the two-dimensional dynamical system introduced by Kline and Baker to model cardiac rhythmic response to periodic stimulation — as a function of (a) kinetic parameters (two amplitudes, two rate constants) and (b) stimulus period. The original paper focused mostly on the one-dimensional version of this model (one amplitude, one rate constant), whose orbits, stability properties, and bifurcations were analyzed via the theory of skew-tent (hence unimodal) maps; the principal family of orbits were so-called "n-escalators", with n a positive integer. The two-dimensional analog (motivated by experimental results) has led to the current study of continuous, piecewise smooth maps of a polygonal planar region into itself, whose dynamical behavior includes the coexistence of stable orbits. Our principal results show (1) how the amplitude parameters control which escalators can come into existence, (2) escalator bifurcation behavior as the stimulus period is lowered — leading to a "1/n bifurcation law", and (3) the existence of basins of attraction via the coexistence of three orbits (two of them stable, one unstable) at the first (largest stimulus period) bifurcation. We consider the latter result our most important, as it is conjectured to be connected with arrhythmia.
ELEVATED SYSTEMIC MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN PATIENTS WITH ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE (2009)

Local dysregulation of the proteolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is a feature of tendon degeneration and rupture. 1 , 2 To assess the role of systemic MMPs and TIMPs in tendon rupture we compared serum MMPs and TIMPs between patients who have previously suffered Achilles tendon rupture and healthy controls. We also followed serum MMPs and TIMPs prospectively in patients with acute tendon rupture. At three years after injury, we measured serum MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9 and -13 and TIMP-1 and -2 in eight patients who had suffered Achilles tendon rupture. Serum was also obtained from 12 blood donors with similar age and sex distribution. In another eight patients, MMPs and TIMPs were followed over time, with samples taken at the time of Achilles tendon injury, and after 4, 8 and 24 weeks. MMPs were determined using Fluorokine Multi Analyte Profiling kits while TIMPs were analysed using ELISA (RD p = 0.01), MMP-7 (m.d. 15 %; p = 0.02) and TIMP-2 (m.d. 36%; p = 0.02), as compared to controls. In patients with acute tendon rupture, MMP-2 was the only MMP or TIMP to change significantly over time (p = 0.009). MMP-7 appeared to be higher than control values already at the time of rupture. MMP-13 could not be detected in any sample. In conclusion, patients with a history of tendon rupture had elevated serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-7 and TIMP-2. Changes in MMP-7 might be present already at the time of rupture. This suggests that disturbances in proteolytic control might render tendons prone to rupture.
Optimizing vaccine-induced CD8+T-cell immunity: focus on recombinant adenovirus vectors (2011)

Recombinant adenoviruses have emerged as promising viral vectors for CD8(+) T-cell vaccines. Our studies have indicated that unlike most acute infections, the CD8(+) T-cell memory population elicited by recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 (rHuAd5) displays a dominant effector memory phenotype. Persistent, low-level transgene expression from the rHuAd5 vector sustains the CD8(+) T-cell memory population and a nonhematopoietic cell compartment appears to be involved in long-term presentation of adenoviral antigens. Although we are beginning to learn more about the factors that control the maintenance and functionality of memory CD8(+) T cells, we do not yet fully understand what comprises a protective CD8(+) T-cell response. Results from upcoming Phase II clinical trials will be important for determining whether rHuAd5 T-cell vaccines are effective in humans and should help identify correlates of CD8(+) T-cell protection.
Grasp Force Magnifying Mechanism for Parallel Jaw Grippers (2007)

This paper proposes a force magnifying mechanism for a parallel jaw gripper that can exert a large grasp force. A parallel jaw gripper requires speed when opening and closing its jaws, and force when grasping an object. The proposed force magnifying mechanism consists of a slider, feed screws, gears, a lever, etc. It runs sequentially with only one DC-motor. Basically the motor rotates a feed screw to move its output jaw quickly to an object with a gear. When the output jaw makes contact with an object, the gear is loosened from a stopper and starts to move axially along the feed screw. Then it pushes a lever, which generates a large fingertip force. We have developed an 86g gripper with this mechanism and experimentally verified that it can grasp objects of various sizes with a large grasp force over 200N. It is also experimentally verified that the gripper can grasp and ungrasp an object reliably over 4500 times if machine lubricant is properly supplied.
Inhibition of ovulation by a novel progestogen (drospirenone) alone or in combination with ethinylestradiol (2000)

The combination of 3 mg drospirenone/30 microg ethinylestradiol (Yasmin, Schering AG) reliably inhibits ovulation, with a low frequency of follicular maturation, and provides a reasonable safety margin.
Increased Indoor Exposure to Commonly Used Disinfectants during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs or "quats") make up a class of chemicals used as disinfectants in cleaning and other consumer products. While disinfection is recommended for maintaining a safe environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, the increased use of QACs is concerning as exposure to these compounds has been associated with adverse effects on reproductive and respiratory systems. We have determined the occurrence of 19 QACs in residential dust collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. QACs were detected in >90% of the samples collected during the pandemic at concentrations ranging from 1.95 to 531 μg/g (<i>n</i> = 40; median of 58.9 μg/g). The total QAC concentrations in these samples were significantly higher than in samples collected before the COVID-19 pandemic (<i>p</i> < 0.05; <i>n</i> = 21; median of 36.3 μg/g). Higher QAC concentrations were found in households that generally disinfected more frequently (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Disinfecting products commonly used in these homes were analyzed, and the QAC profiles in dust and in products were similar, suggesting that these products can be a significant source of QACs. Our findings indicate that indoor exposure to QACs is widespread and has increased during the pandemic.
Fast Simulation of Pipeline in ASIP Simulators (2014)

A fast and accurate simulator of the newly designed application specific instruction-set processors is essential during processor development, testing, and verification as well as for software development. Instruction-set simulators are usually used at the early stages of the design. They have good performance, but because of their low accuracy they cannot be used for a detailed pipeline or timing analysis. For this task, cycle-accurate simulators are used. They are of high accuracy since the whole micro architecture is simulated. But at the same time, the simulation time can be significantly longer than in the case of instruction-set simulators. We present a technique which reduces the simulation time with an acceleration of pipeline simulation. Experimental results show a speed-up during simulation. Moreover, the proposed concept can also be used for hardware realization of application specific instruction-set processors.
Humidity-sensing characteristics of the grain-boundary-controlled NiO-ZnO ceramics. (1985)

Exsolution method was applied to the ceramics in the system Ni0-ZnO to control the microstructure in which the grain-boundary regions were rich in ZnO(n-type semiconductor)and the grains were NiO rich phases (p-type semiconductor) as detected by an electron probe microanalysis. The change in V-I characteristics with the change in relative humidity was measured at 25°C. Ni0.2Zn0.8O sintered at 1300°C for 5 h and further annealed at 800°C for 336 h was found to be the most sensitive to humidity.
ST-SEGMENT LEVEL ASSOCIATED WITH BLACK CARBON IN ELDERLY BOSTON RESIDENTS. (2003)

We investigated associations between ambient pollution levels and between-session ST-segment depression in a repeated measures study on 22 older Boston residents observed up to 12 times in the summer of 1999. The protocol involved 25 minutes of continuous Holter monitoring including 5 minutes of rest, 5 minutes of standing, 5 minutes of exercise outdoors, 5 minutes of recovery and 20 cycles of slow, paced breathing. ST-segment level was averaged for each portion of the protocol. Black carbon levels ranged from 0.23 mg/m3 to 4.34, with a mean of 1.39 mg/m3. Black carbon in the 3rd to 8th hour prior to testing was associated with ST-segment depression. Mixed effects and logistic models were adjusted for the individual, time trend, and temperature. In continuous models all participants who had at least 2 observations where ST mean level was below 0 were included. Depending on the model variable numbers of participants could be included. During the recovery period after exercise, 1 mg/m3 of black carbon in the 5th hour prior to testing predicted a 0.07 mm decrement in ST-segment level. During this period, 1 mg/m3 of black carbon predicted an increased risk (OR: 5.8, 95% C.I.: 1.8–18.3) of having an absolute ST-segment level in the lowest 25th percentile of ST segment levels and an increase risk of having an absolute ST-segment level lower than-0.5 mm (OR: 4.4, 95% C.I.: 1.47–12.9). Black carbon, representing predominantly local traffic in Boston, may lead to ST-segment changes and possible ischemia. This study was funded by Program Project grant # 1P01ES09825-01 Star grant number (EPA Cooperative Agreement CR81762; NIEHS Center Grant ES0639 and ES 0002)
Closed-form throughput expressions for CSMA networks with collisions and hidden terminals (2012)

We present a novel modeling approach to derive closed-form throughput expressions for CSMA networks with hidden terminals. The key modeling principle is to break the interdependence of events in a wireless network using conditional expressions that capture the effect of a specific factor each, yet preserve the required dependences when combined together. Different from existing models that use numerical aggregation techniques, our approach is the first to jointly characterize the three main critical factors affecting flow throughput (referred to as hidden terminals, information asymmetry and flow-in-the-middle) within a single analytical expression. We have developed a symbolic implementation of the model, that we use for validation against realistic simulations and experiments with real wireless hardware, observing high model accuracy in the evaluated scenarios. The derived closed-form expressions enable new analytical studies of capacity and protocol performance that would not be possible with prior models. We illustrate this through an application of network utility maximization in complex networks with collisions, hidden terminals, asymmetric interference and flow-in-the-middle instances. Despite that such problematic scenarios make utility maximization a challenging problem, the model-based optimization yields vast fairness gains and an average per-flow throughput gain higher than 500% with respect to 802.11 in the evaluated networks.
Organofluorverbindungen und Fluorierungsagenzien 121. Vonmanno-Pyranosiden zu 3,4-O-(2,2,2-Trichlorethyliden)altropyranosylfluoriden in nur zwei Reaktionsschritten (1994)

Organofluorine Compounds and Fluorinating Agents 12.1 From manno-Pyranosides to 3,4-O-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene) altropyranosyl Fluorides in Only Two Reaction Steps Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside (1) and methyl α-L-rhamnopyrano-side (9) react with chloral and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in an one-pot reaction selectively to form the α-D-altropyranoside 2 and α-L-altropyranoside 10, respectively, in good yield. The glycosyl donor 3 was prepared from 2 by treatment with hydrogen fluoride/nitromethane/acetic anhydride. Compound 2 can be deprotected stepwise by treatment with methanol/sodium methanolate at r.t. to 4, and heating under reflux to methyl 3,4-O-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)-α-D-altropyranoside (5). Treatment of the dihydroxy derivative 5 with hydrogen fluoride/nitromethane/acetic anhydride gave an anomeric mixture of the α/β-D-altropyranosyl fluorides 6. Acylation of 5 with benzoyl or pivaloyl chloride gave the corresponding 2,6-diacyl derivatives 7 and 8, respectively. Finally, the α-L-altro-pyranoside 10 was deprotected in boiling methanol/sodium methanolate to afford the α-L-altropyranoside 11 and fluorinated in hydrogenfluoride/nitromethane/acetic anhydride to α-L-altropyranosyl fluoride 12. The various functionalized altropyranoses differ partially in their conformations. The ratio of the endo-H to exo-H diastereomers of the chloral acetals was determined.
Evaluation of a Continuous Flow Furnance Atomizer for Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (1989)

Abstract A system for continuous sample introduction into a ceramic atomization furnace for laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LEAFS) was developed. The system was evaluated using two different excitation sources, a nitrogen laser-pumped dye laser and a copper vapor laser-pumped dye laser. Pure aqueous Pb solutions were used for system optimization and analytical calibration curves. These curves were linear over at least three Key Words: Atomic fluorescenceFurnaceContinuous Flow
Small bone marrow adipocytes predict poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (2017)

Small bone marrow adipocytes predict poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Rectus Abdominis Injury in Elite Volleyball Players (2016)

In this case series, three elite college-level female volleyball players between 21 and 22 years old experienced acute abdominal pain during an overhead swinging motion. All three athletes were diagnosed with acute rectus abdominis (RA) muscle strain using musculoskeletal ultrasound, without the need for MRI. Each athlete sustained severe RA injury resulting in substantial loss of playing time and warranted a focused rehabilitation program, which emphasized core strengthening, physical modalities, and altering athletes’ hitting technique. RA muscle strain is a relatively infrequent, yet potentially severe, injury in elite volleyball players that necessitates early diagnosis and treatment to avoid prolonged or incomplete recovery.
Monolithically integrated transceiver chips for bidirectional optical data transmission (2014)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 850 nm wavelength are known for their attractive optical features and a growing range of applications. The main goal of the present thesis is to demonstrate the feasibility of a monolithic integration of VCSELs with PIN-type photodiodes (PDs) for the operation as transceiver (TRx) chips in optical data links. The project milestones comprise the chip and the epitaxial layer design of the VCSEL–PIN PD device based on the established AlGaAs/GaAs material system, its fabrication development, electro-optical characterizations, and data transmission in a bidirectional optical link over a single, two-side butt-coupled standard graded-index (GI) multimode fiber (MMF). The monolithic design lowers the costs in the semiconductor technology as well as in packaging and avoids the use of external optics, even though it is employed with a single 50 µm core diameter GI MMF. Thus, the very compact optical link saves space, weight, and module cost. Deep insights into the electro-optical properties of VCSELs and PIN PDs are given by the theoretical description and measurements. The limitations of the small-signal modulation responses are of main interest in this thesis. Thus, the dynamic characteristics including the extraction of modeled parasitics are presented. Also the electrical and optical crosstalk between the integrated devices and both transmission channels as well as the fiber alignment tolerances are covered. The results in optical data transmission consisting of various experiments in half-duplex and full-duplex mode, both free-space and fiber-coupled over a single MMF are explained in detail. The monolithic TRx design is well suited for low-cost, compact optical links over distances of a few hundred meters. Capable to handle data rates of up to 10 Gbit/s and more, these TRx chips can be employed, e.g., in automotive networks or in general to upgrade existing standard MMF networks to bidirectional operation.