gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Droplet Control Based on Pinning and Substrate Wettability (2021)

Pinning of liquid droplets on solid substrates is ubiquitous and plays an essential role in many applications, especially in various areas such as microfluidics and biology. Although pinning can often reduce the efficiency of various applications, a deeper understanding of this phenomenon can actually offer possibilities for technological exploitation. Here, by means of molecular dynamics simulation, we identify the conditions that lead to droplet pinning or depinning and discuss the effects of key parameters in detail, such as the height of the physical pinning barrier and the wettability of the substrates. Moreover, we describe the mechanism of barrier crossing by the droplet upon depinning, identify the driving force of this process, and, also, elucidate the dynamics of the droplet. Not only does our work provide a detailed description of the pinning and depinning processes but also it explicitly highlights how both processes can be exploited in nanotechnology applications to control the droplet motion. Hence, we anticipate that our study will have significant implications for the nanoscale design of substrates in micro- and nanoscale systems and will assist with assessing pinning effects in various applications.
Achieving Short-Blocklength RCU Bound via CRC List Decoding of TCM with Probabilistic Shaping (2022)

This paper applies probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) to a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) aided trellis coded modulation (TCM) to achieve the short-blocklength random coding union (RCU) bound. In the transmitter, the equally likely message bits are first encoded by a distribution matcher to generate amplitude symbols with the desired distribution. The binary representations of the distribution matcher outputs are then encoded by a CRC code. Finally, the CRC-encoded bits are encoded and modulated by Ungerboeck’s TCM scheme, which consists of a systematic $\frac{{{k_0}}}{{{k_0} + 1}}$ tail-biting convolutional code and a mapping function that maps coded bits to channel signals with capacity-achieving distribution. This paper proves that, for the proposed transmitter, the CRC bits have uniform distribution and that the channel inputs have symmetric distribution. In the receiver, the serial list Viterbi decoding (S-LVD) is used to estimate the information bits. Simulation results show that, for the proposed CRC-TCM-PAS system with 87 input bits and 65-67 8-AM coded output symbols, the decoding performance under additive white Gaussian noise channel achieves the RCU bound with properly designed CRC and convolutional codes.
Supplementary Figure 10 from Imaging of Human Lymph Nodes Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Potential for Staging Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 10 from Imaging of Human Lymph Nodes Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Potential for Staging Cancer
Corrigendum: Strategies for Efficient Gene Editing in Protoplasts of Solanum tuberosum Theme: Determining gRNA Efficiency Design by Utilizing Protoplast (Research) (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.795644.].
14‐3‐3 Proteins directly regulate Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase α through phosphorylation‐dependent multisite binding (2008)

Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase alpha (CaMKKalpha) plays critical roles in the modulation of neuronal cell survival as well as many other cellular activities. Here we show that 14-3-3 proteins directly regulate CaMKKalpha when the enzyme is phosphorylated by protein kinase A on either Ser74 or Ser475. Mutational analysis revealed that these two serines are both functional: the CaMKKalpha mutant with a mutation at either of these residues, but not the double mutant, was inhibited significantly by 14-3-3. The mode of regulation described herein differs the recently described mode of 14-3-3 regulation of CaMKKalpha.
Finite element modeling of male leg and sportswear: contact pressure and clothing deformation (2011)

In clinical practice, fast assessment of contact pressure is usually calculated by Laplace’s Law, which neither provides detailed surface geometry for soft materials of the leg, nor offers sufficient predictive power for designing high-performance sportswear. To bridge this gap, this paper describes a finite element (FE) model of sports tights that was developed with a detailed anatomic male leg model to predict the compression effects of high-performance sportswear. Non-linear elastic material was applied on the sportswear material to model the large deformation behavior. Experimental validation on athletes was performed. A reasonable agreement was found in the experimental validation. Suitable profiles were achieved along the height of the leg, in terms of both contact pressure and clothing deformation (true strain or logarithmic strain). The maximum contact pressure (2222 Pa) occurred on the posterior of the ankle, while the maximum principal true strain of the sports tights occurred on the edge of the upper thigh. This study indicates that the proposed FE model is useful for the assessment of contact pressure distribution in sportswear.
DNA analysis in the differential diagnosis of osteosarcoma (1988)

The DNA content of osteosarcomas, and of giant cell tumors, osteoblastomas, aneurysmal bone cysts, and fibrous dysplasias was determined by cytophotometry. Of 158 tumors, 141 were histologically noncontroversial, whereas 17 posed diagnostic difficulties. In the noncontroversial group, all 41 benign tumors had a diploid (normal) DNA content. Ninety-two of 96 high-grade osteosarcomas were hyperploid (increased DNA content). The four analyzed low-grade parosteal osteosarcomas were diploid. Among 17 diagnostically controversial cases, nine were primarily diagnosed and treated as benign. Three of these patients, nevertheless, exhibited a malignant clinical course and two had local recurrence. All five proved to have hyperploid tumors. The four nonrecurrent lesions were diploid. Of eight patients primarily evaluated as malignant, one died and two developed local recurrence. These three patients had hyperploid tumors. Among the five nonrecurrent lesions, two were hyperploid and three diploid. In the diagnostically controversial group, recurrence or death was consistently related to hyperploidy. The present study shows that the vast majority of high-grade osteosarcomas are hyperploid. Benign bone tumors, which may be mixed up histologically with osteosarcoma, are diploid. Routine DNA analysis of primary bone tumors, as an adjunct to histopathologic assessment, can be employed to obtain diagnostic confirmation. In cases presenting histopathologic difficulties, ploidy determination may provide decisive diagnostic information.
Interim Report of a Controlled Field Trial of Immunization with Capsular Polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae Type band Group C Neisseria meningitidis in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (March 1974-March 1976) (1977)

Approximately 16,000 children, from two months to five years of age, were vaccinated with the capsular polysaccharide of either Haemophilus influenzae type b or group C Neisseria meningitidis. Immunizations were carried out in a double-masked, randomized manner; the doses of immunogens used were 10 microgram of H. influenzae type b polysaccharide and 25 micron g of the group CN. meningitidis polysaccharide. Immunogenicity of the two vaccines was measured in single, random specimens of blood taken from vaccinees of all ages at various intervals after immunization. A positive effect on formation of serum antibody was observed in children of all ages vaccinated with N. meningitidis polysaccharide, but increased levels of serum antibody to H. influenzae type b were observed only in recipients of that vaccine who were three years of age or older. No untoward reactions to either vaccine were noted, and both vaccines retained their original molecular size after storage for three years. Too few cases of disease have been studied for a definitive assessment of vaccine efficacy; however, a slightly protective effect against meningitis was observed for the H. influenzae type b vaccine in infants up to one year of age.
Age differences in muscarinic cholinergic receptors assayed with (+)N‐[11C]methyl‐3‐piperidyl benzilate in the brains of conscious monkeys (2001)

Age-related changes in muscarinic cholinergic receptors were evaluated with the novel ligand (+)N-[(11)C]methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate ((+)3-MPB) in the living brains of young (5.9 +/- 1.8 years old) and aged (19.0 +/- 3.3 years old) monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in the conscious state using high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). For quantitative analysis of receptor binding in vivo, metabolite-corrected arterial plasma radioactivity curves were obtained as an input function into the brain, and kinetic analyses using the three-compartment model and graphical Logan plot analysis were applied. Kinetic analyses of [(11)C](+)3-MPB indicated a regionally specific decrease in the receptor binding in vivo determined as binding potential (BP) = k(3)/k(4) in aged animals compared with young animals. Thus, the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum showed age-related reduction of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in vivo, reflecting the reduced receptor density (B(max)) determined by Scatchard plot analysis in vivo. In the hippocampus, although BP of [(11)C](+)3-MPB indicated no significant age-related changes, it showed an inverse correlation with individual cortisol levels in plasma. When the graphical Logan plot analysis was applied, all regions assayed showed significant age-related decrease of [(11)C](+)3-MPB binding. These results demonstrate the usefulness of kinetic three-compartment model analysis of [(11)C](+)3-MPB with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input as an indicator for the aging process of the cortical muscarinic cholinergic receptors in vivo as measured by PET.
Multiple mechanisms for choline transport and utilization in Haemophilus influenzae (2003)

Haemophilus influenzae obtains choline from either its growth medium or host cell membrane lipids and expresses it on its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the form of phosphorylcholine (ChoP), which contributes to its pathogenesis by mimicry of host cell molecules. Two genes (licB and betT) revealed by whole genomic analysis as encoding potential choline transporters were tested for their role in LPS-ChoP synthesis. The betT gene in H. influenzae is similar to betT in Escherichia coli, which functions in choline transport for the generation of betaine in osmoprotection. The licB gene has homology to bacterial permeases including betT and is encoded in the lic1 locus, which is essential for the expression of LPS-ChoP. In the presence of high concentrations of choline, neither licB nor betT were necessary for expression of LPS-ChoP raising the possibility that other unidentified choline uptake mechanisms may exist in this species. However, under choline limiting conditions, including growth in human nasal airway surface fluid, the licB, but not betT, gene was required for choline transport and synthesis of LPS-ChoP suggesting that LicB functions as a high affinity choline permease. The betT, but not licB, gene was shown to function in osmoprotection in H. influenzae, similar to the role of betT in E. coli. Further analysis demonstrated growth condition dependent differences in the regulation of transcription of the licB and betT genes. We conclude that H. influenzae may have multiple mechanisms for choline uptake and distinct pathways for choline utilization in LPS-ChoP biosynthesis and osmoregulation.
The determination of the far-field signature of an interacting array of seismic sources from near-field measurements - results from the Delft Air Gun Experiment (1987)

Data from the Delft Air Gun Experiment demonstrate the success of a new method to determine the far-field signature of a marine seismie source array from nearfield measurements. The method requires the wavefield of the array to be measured in the near field with hydrophones of known relative sensitivity and in a known geometrical configuration with respect to the monopole source elements within the array. If there are n such source elements, at least n near-field hydrophones are required to determine the wavefield. The results from a North Sea line shot with a tuned airgun array show that the signature deconvolution for the wavelet calculated from these near-field measurements is at least as effective as the signature deconvolution for the measured far-field signature. The same line was shot again with the air guns out of synchronisation by as much as 100 ms; the data from the near-field hydrophones allow a deterministic signature deconvolution to be performed to yield a section very similar to that obtained with the tuned array. Without this signature deconvolution on the detuned data, the recovered section is unacceptable. The full power of the method lies in its ability to specify the whole wavefield for each shot. Thus shot-to-shot variability and source directivity may be taken into account in processing. This power has not been exploited in the results presented here.
Virtualization Security Threat Forensic and Environment Safeguarding (2014)

The advent of virtualization technologies has evolved the IT infrastructure and organizations are migrating to virtual platforms. Virtualization is also the foundation for cloud platform services. Virtualization is known to provide more security into the infrastructure apart from agility and flexibility. However security aspects of virtualization are often overlooked. Various attacks to the virtualization hypervisor and its administration component are desirable for adversaries. The threats to virtualization must be rigorously scrutinized to realize common breaches and knowing what is more attractive for attackers. In this thesis a current state of perimeter and operational threats along with taxonomy of virtualization security threats is provided. The common attacks based on vulnerability database are investigated. A distribution of the virtualization software vulnerabilities, mapped to the taxonomy is visualized. The famous industry best practices and standards are introduced and key features of each one are presented for safeguarding the virtualization environments. A discussion of other possible approaches to investigate the severity of threats based on automatic systems is presented.
Masked priming and ERPs dissociate maturation of orthographic and semantic components of visual word recognition in children (2013)

This study examined the time-course of reading single words in children and adults using masked repetition priming and the recording of event-related potentials. The N250 and N400 repetition priming effects were used to characterize form- and meaning-level processing, respectively. Children had larger amplitude N250 effects than adults for both shorter and longer duration primes. Children did not differ from adults on the N400 effect. The difference on the N250 suggests that automaticity for form processing is still maturing in children relative to adults, while the lack of differentiation on the N400 effect suggests that meaning processing is relatively mature by late childhood. The overall similarity in the children's repetition priming effects to adults' effects is in line with theories of reading acquisition, according to which children rapidly transition to an orthographic strategy for fast access to semantic information from print.
Pathogen-Reduced, Platelet Additive Solution, Extended Stored Platelets (PREPS) (2015)

Abstract : This grant pertains to finding novel approaches for storage of platelets for transfusion. Our project proposes to determine the efficacy of using a pathogen inactivation technique (Mirasol) coupled with a platelet additive solution (PAS) to extend the life of stored platelets. Our project also aims to determine how long acceptable platelet viability can be maintained in platelets stored at 4C.
Inferred support for disturbance‐recovery hypothesis of North Atlantic phytoplankton blooms (2015)

Abstract Analyses of satellite‐derived chlorophyll data indicate that the phase of rapid phytoplankton population growth in the North Atlantic (the “spring bloom”) is actually initiated in the winter rather than the spring, contradicting Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis. An alternative disturbance‐recovery hypothesis (DRH) has been proposed to explain this discrepancy, in which the rapid deepening of the mixed layer reduces zooplankton grazing rates sufficiently to initiate the bloom. We use Bayesian parameter inference on a simple Nutrient‐Phytoplankton‐Zooplankton (NPZ) model to investigate the DRH and also investigate how well the model can capture the multiyear and spatial dynamics of phytoplankton concentrations and population growth rates. Every parameter in our NPZ model was inferred as a probability distribution given empirical constraints, which provides a more objective method to identify a model parameterization given available empirical evidence, rather than fixing or tuning individual parameter values. Our model explains around 75% of variation in the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton concentrations, 30% of variation in their population rates of change, and correctly predicts the phases of population growth and decline. Our parameter‐inferred model supports the DRH, revealing the sustained reduction of grazing due to mixed‐layer deepening as the driving mechanism behind bloom initiation, with the relaxation of nutrient limitation being another contributory mechanism. Our results also show that the continuation of the bloom is caused in part by the maintenance of phytoplankton concentrations below a level that can support positive zooplankton population growth. Our approach could be employed to formally assess alternative hypotheses for bloom formation.
Infection and the Chronic Wound (2005)

Robert Warriner, III, MD, FCCP, ABPM/UHM, CWS, is Chief Medical Officer, Praxis Clinical Services, Anaheim, CA, and Emeritus Medical Director, Southeast Texas Center for Wound Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, Conroe Regional Medical Center, Conroe, TX. Robert Burrell, PhD, is Professor and Chair, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Faculty, Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. This paper is based on their lecture at the 19th Annual Clinical Symposium on Advances in Skin and Wound Care, October 2, 2004, Phoenix, AZ. ADV SKIN WOUND CARE 2005;18(Suppl 1):2-12.
Azo Compounds.1 Oxidation of 1,1-Disubstituted Hydrazines. The Synthesis and Oxidation of cis- and trans-1-Amino-2,6-diphenylpiperidine. A New Stereospecific Ring Closure (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzo Compounds.1 Oxidation of 1,1-Disubstituted Hydrazines. The Synthesis and Oxidation of cis- and trans-1-Amino-2,6-diphenylpiperidine. A New Stereospecific Ring ClosureC. G. Overberger, Joseph G. Lombardino, and Richard G. HiskeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 24, 6430–6435Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01581a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01581a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 19 Randomized Controlled Trials of Iguratimod Combined With Other Therapies for Sjogren’s Syndrome (2022)

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, identifier CRD42020220770.
Composition and degradation of sinking particles with different settling velocities (2005)

International audience
High-speed cell-level path allocation in a three-stage ATM switch (2002)

Path allocation in a three-stage ATM switch is the process whereby bandwidth is reserved through the second stage of the switch for each cell. Cell-level path allocation, performed once in every time slot, ensures that cells are routed through the second stage of the switch without delay or contention. A new algorithm for cell-level path allocation was previously proposed by the author. The motive for supporting intermediate channel grouping in the algorithm is described. The results of the path allocation process must be forwarded to the appropriate cells by a routing tag assignment network. A fast method of routing tag assignment is described, which employs a non-blocking copy network. This reduces the clock rate required of the circuitry, for a given switch size.
Wide band gap diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers incorporating biphenyl units applied in polymer solar cells (2013)

Incorporating biphenyls as co-monomers in electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) conjugated polymers enables widening the optical band gap to 1.70 eV. Power conversion efficiencies of 3.7-5.7% and high open-circuit voltages of 0.80-0.93 V are obtained in solar cells based on these wide band gap DPP polymers.
Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions in Acute Lethal Cell Injury Caused by Chemicals (1990)

Several chemicals, including some drugs, cause cell injury by mechanisms that are poorly characterized. Although a few drugs are toxins that act directly, most require metabolic activation to form the ultimate toxic species. The concept of metabolic activation was first described by the Millers ( 1) in a review of their pioneering work on aminoazo dyes and 2-acetylaminofluorene as procarcinogens. Brodie et al (2) expanded on this concept to include a role for metabolic activation in acute cell injury. Since that time several reviews (3-12) and books ( 13-15) have discussed the role of metabolic activation in the pathogenesis of a variety of toxicities. Although a substantial body of information is available on the metabolic reactions that produce toxic metabolites and on the chemical nature of these metabolites, considerably less is known about how ultimate toxic species interact with cellular constituents and how the interactions cause cell injury. Reactions of toxic metabolites may result in covalent bond formation between the metabolite and a target molecule, or they may alter (usually by oxidation or reduction) the target molecule without formation of a covalent bond. Some of the more likely targets of these interactions are listed in Table 1.