gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On monadic NP vs. monadic co-NP (2002)

It is proved that connectivity of finite graphs is not in monadic NP, even in the presence of arbitrary built-in relations of moderate degree (that is, degree (log n) /sup o(1)/). This results in a strong separation between monadic NP and monadic co-NP. The proof uses a combination of three techniques: (1) a technique of W. Hanf (1965) for showing that two (infinite) structures agree on all first-order sentences, under certain conditions; (2) a recent approach to second-order Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games by M. Ajtai and R. Fagin (1990); and (3) playing Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games over random structures. Regarding (1), a version of Hanf's result that is better suited for use as a tool in inexpressibility proofs for classes of finite structures is given. The power of these techniques is further demonstrated by using the first two techniques to give a very simple proof of the separation of monadic NP from monadic co-NP without the presence of built-in relations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regulatory T Cells Modulate Th17 Responses in Patients with Positive Tuberculin Skin Test Results (2009)

TST positivity is characterized by increased activity of regulatory T cells and a coincident down-regulation of the Th17 response.
Short term reproducibility of a high contrast 3-D isotropic optic nerve imaging sequence in healthy controls (2016)

The optic nerve (ON) plays a crucial role in human vision transporting all visual information from the retina to the brain for higher order processing. There are many diseases that affect the ON structure such as optic neuritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis. Because the ON is the sole pathway for visual information from the retina to areas of higher level processing, measures of ON damage have been shown to correlate well with visual deficits. Increased intracranial pressure has been shown to correlate with the size of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the ON. These measures are generally taken at an arbitrary point along the nerve and do not account for changes along the length of the ON. We propose a high contrast and high-resolution 3-D acquired isotropic imaging sequence optimized for ON imaging. We have acquired scan-rescan data using the optimized sequence and a current standard of care protocol for 10 subjects. We show that this sequence has superior contrast-to-noise ratio to the current standard of care while achieving a factor of 11 higher resolution. We apply a previously published automatic pipeline to segment the ON and CSF sheath and measure the size of each individually. We show that these measures of ON size have lower short-term reproducibility than the population variance and the variability along the length of the nerve. We find that the proposed imaging protocol is (1) useful in detecting population differences and local changes and (2) a promising tool for investigating biomarkers related to structural changes of the ON.
Historical perspectives on computers (1972)

The technological base for computers was laid just prior to and during World War II. Military requirements led to a general upgrading of components. Television and radar pushed the development of high performance vacuum tubes, particularly the twin triode. Radar shifted the attention of engineers from frequency to time and timing. The microsecond became familiar.
LEVINSTEIN MUSTARD GAS. IV. THE bis(2-CHLOROETHYL) POLYSULFIDES1 (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLEVINSTEIN MUSTARD GAS. IV. THE bis(2-CHLOROETHYL) POLYSULFIDES1REYNOLD C. FUSON, CHARLES C. PRICE, DONALD M. BURNESS, ROBERT E. FOSTER, WILLIAM R. HATCHARD, and ROBERT D. LIPSCOMBCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 5, 487–498Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01175a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01175a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of an Endoscopic Quality Improvement Program on Adenoma Detection Rates: A Multicenter Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Clinical Practice Setting (EQUIP-3): ACG Auxiliary Award—Member (2015)

Introduction: Colonoscopy is protective against colorectal cancer but variability in quality exists. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) during colonoscopy has been associated with quality and the degree of protection against colorectal cancer and death. In a previous single academic center randomized controlled trial we demonstrated that an endoscopic quality improvement program increased ADR (EQUIP-1) and those increases were durable (EQUIP-2). We hypothesized that EQUIP training would increase ADR in a multicenter clinical practice setting. Methods: Five large clinical practice sites were randomized to receive supplemental, in-person EQUIP training with active feedback as previously reported (AmJGastro 2013;108:219) and compared to four control sites that only received the training and feedback at the end of study. ADRs and other measures of quality were assessed at baseline and again after training (training sites) or during two consecutive phases of ongoing practice without supplemental training (control sites) using the GIQUIC quality monitoring system. All sites were aware that they were being monitored for ADR and other quality measures. Logistic mixed effects analyses were used to estimated odds ratios (OR) adjusting for age, gender, race, screening/surveillance and average/elevated risk of patients and for endoscopic and site-specific baseline and changes in ADR. Results: At the control sites, 12,532 colonoscopies (8,322 screening, 4210 surveillance) and at the training sites, 16,231 colonoscopies (11,241 screening, 4,990 surveillance) were performed (Table 1). There was a statistically significant increase in ADR at the training sites (OR=1.28, p=0.0041) with raw ADRs of 31% pre-training and 42% after trainng. ADR also increased at the control sites from 36% to 39% however this was not statistically significant (OR=1.20, p=0.095). In a multivariate model, the increase in ADR at the training sites was not statistically greater than at the control sites with an OR for the effect of training of 1.072 (95% CI: 0.812-1.416, p=0.62) (Table 2). Four of the 5 intervention groups had increases in ADR yet 2 of the 4 control sites also had increases in ADR. (Figure 1).Figure 1Table 1: Patient demographics and procedure characteristics by randomization group and centerTable 2: ADRs by site and time periodConclusion: ADRs increased in the group of sites participating in an endoscopic quality improvement program. The gains in ADR, although numerically greater in the intervention group, were not statistically greater than the gains in the control sites when controlling for multiple variables.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope of the Asymmetric Intramolecular Stetter Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Nucleophilic Triazolinylidene Carbenes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serum adiponectin and insulin secretion: A direct or inverse association? (2018)

We investigated the association between serum high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and insulin secretion in a population-based study, with or without adjustment for insulin sensitivity. A total of 488 participants (263 women) were included in the present study. Insulin secretion was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function ± adjustment for insulin resistance using the disposition index. Multivariate analysis showed that HMW adiponectin was significantly and inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (partial regression coefficient -0.19, 95% confidence interval -0.28, -0.10, P < 0.0001). However, HMW adiponectin was significantly and positively associated with disposition index (partial regression coefficient 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.06, 0.24, P = 0.0016). The present study showed that a positive association between HMW adiponectin levels and insulin secretion evaluated using an index incorporating adjustment for insulin resistance was identified, and vice versa using an index that did not adjust for insulin resistance.
Enantioselective Synthesis of a GPR40 Agonist AMG 837 via Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Terminal Alkyne to α,β-Unsaturated Thioamide (2011)

A concise enantioselective synthetic route to a potent GPR40 agonist AMG 837 is described. The crucial catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of terminal alkyne was promoted by a soft Lewis acid/hard Brønsted base cooperative catalyst, allowing efficient construction of the requisite stereogenic center. The thioamide functional group is key to both activation in asymmetric alkynylation and facile transformation into carboxylic acid.
In ovo administration of copper nanoparticles and copper sulfate positively influences chicken performance (2015)

The in ovo application of Cu colloids may ensure an efficient penetration of Cu into the embryonic tissue with long lasting effects on postnatal growth. The method may provide a successful alternative to using Cu as a feed additive. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fundamental Research in Universities (1976)

Abstract : The main purpose of creating this summer study group was to explore ways to rekindle and stimulate the interests of the university science community in problems of national defense.
Development of an interactive textbook for introductory mechanical design (2013)

The tremendous success of the iPad has led to a revolution in portable computing. Many universities, high schools, and elementary schools are attempting to capitalize on this revolution by generating curricula that exploit such portable touchscreen computers. One aspect of this effort is the development of interactive textbooks that go beyond the static display of printed words, equations, and figures. Features that distinguish interactive textbooks include: embedded videos that can be viewed with the tap of a finger, picture slideshows, user-controlled simulations, and interactive forms that accept user input and provide immediate feedback. Unfortunately, the skill sets required to generate such books usually do not reside in one person. Professors have the knowledge and skills to produce traditional textbooks, but they usually lack the knowledge, skill, and time to make the interactive elements. Undergraduate and graduate students can be trained to develop the programming skills to develop the interactive elements, but they lack the knowledge and experience to create the traditional aspects of a textbook. This paper describes how a team was formed to produce an interactive textbook, and it documents the features of such a book created for introductory mechanical design students.
Acute Cervical Cord Injury Associated with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (2003)

The present study demonstrates the preexisting factors and pathomechanisms of acute spinal cord injury associated with cervical OPLL. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful to understand the level and mechanism of injury. Further investigation will be needed to elucidate the role of surgical decompression.
Discovery and characterization of novel trans‐spliced products of human polyoma JC virus late transcripts from PML patients (2017)

Although the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), was isolated almost a half century ago, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing its biology remains highly elusive. JCV infects oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and causes a rare fatal brain disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised individuals including AIDS. It has a small circular DNA genome (∼5 kb) and generates two primary transcripts from its early and late coding regions, producing several predicted alternatively spliced products mainly by cis-splicing. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of two novel open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) associated with JCV late transcripts, generated by an unusual splicing process called trans-splicing. These ORFs result from (i) the trans-splicing of two different lengths of the 5'-short coding region of VP1 between the coding regions of agnoprotein and VP2 after replacing the intron located between these two coding regions and (ii) frame-shifts occurring within the VP2 coding sequences terminated by a stop codon. ORF1 and ORF2 are capable of encoding 58 and 72 aa long proteins respectively and are expressed in infected cells and PML patients. Each ORF protein shares a common coding region with VP1 and has a unique coding sequence of their own. When the expression of the unique coding regions of ORFs is blocked by a stop codon insertion in the viral background, the mutant virus replicates less efficiently when compared to wild-type, suggesting that the newly discovered ORFs play critical roles in the JCV life cycle.
An analysis and management of fractured implants: a clinical report. (1996)

An analysis of 4,045 implants placed in function during a 5-year period yielded eight fractured implants (0.2%). All fractures had associated marginal bone loss. The majority (six of eight) were supporting posterior prostheses. Parafunctional habits were diagnosed in all patients with fractured implants. Most patients presented with loosening or fracture of prosthetic gold screws or abutment screws prior to fracture. This study reports on the treatment of fractured implants accomplished by refacing the fractured titanium and adapting new abutments or replacing the entire implant with subsequent prosthesis refabrication.
The Catalytic Effect of Vanadium on the Reactivity of Petroleum Cokes with NO (2004)

Petroleum cokes are widely used in cement plants for energy generation. Because of their very low volatile content, the physicochemical processes occurring during their combustion should be mainly controlled by heterogeneous reactions. The reactivities of some petroleum cokes toward NO between 800 and 1000 °C have been characterized through experiments in an entrained flow reactor. These carbonaceous materials exhibit very high reactivities toward NO. Their capacity to reduce NO concentration in the surrounding gas is significant, so that this reaction can have a significant impact in terms of NO emissions resulting from their combustion. The influence of surface area and of the heavy metal content on surface reactivity was tested. As it was the case for carbon−oxygen reaction, the surface measured by mercury porosimetry seems to be a good parameter to calculate surface reaction rate. No correlation was found between calcium or iron content and NO−carbon reaction rate. As for the reaction of petroleum coke with oxygen, vanadium appears to have a catalytic effect on the reduction reaction of NO with carbon.
Table S1, S2, S3, Figure S1, S2 from Low TCR Binding Strength Results in Increased Progenitor-like CD8<sup>+</sup> Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flow cytometry panels, gating strategy and comparison of TILs to other gene signatures.&lt;/p&gt;
Substituent Effect in Amine-CO2 Interaction Investigated by NMR and IR Spectroscopies (2003)

Abstract The donor property changes of amines by methyl or hydroxyl substituents were studied by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. This fundamental investigation can contribute for identifying CO2 absorption capacity of amine solution mainly due to electron releasing and withdrawing effects of substituents.
On a Modeling of the Plastic Response of FRP under Monotonic Loading (1989)

It is shown that the extensive non-linearity which can be observed in the stress-strain response of CFRP submitted to tensile tests in angle-ply or off-axis configurations cannot be of viscoelastic nature. A simple model is proposed to evaluate the response of a lamina of glass- or carbon- reinforced plastic under tensile loading. This model is based on an exponential decrease of the shear and transverse moduli, with respect to the corresponding total strains. It has been experimentally assessed and successfully applied to fit the mechanical response of various [±θ] nS laminates under tensile testing. This model gives acceptable results up to the failure of those laminates which can be correlated with a quadratic criterion involving shear and normal stresses within the laminae. This model provides a framework to quantitatively study the effects of environmental conditions such as moisture or temperature on the mechanical response of these materials.
[Immobilization of proteins on macroporous glasses involving maleinimide as the anchoring group]. (1977)

Macroporous glasses with pore sizes from 400-1000 A appropriate for protein binding were produced and characterized by a thermal demixing procedure and alkaline after treatment. To achieve a covalent binding capacity relative to proteins, the gamma-aminopropyl derivative was allowed to react with 4-maleinimido benzoylic chloride to give preparations containing, in addition to maleinimide residues, acid chloride structures for the protein binding. A preparation of 400 A pore size was tested for its protein binding capacity relative to bovine serum albumin and trypsin. Furthermore, the capacity of binding glucoamylase from Endomycopsis bispora in active form was studied.
Data-Driven Approach to Identify Subgroups of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients With Different Prognoses and Aldosterone Antagonist Response Patterns (2018)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00232180.
Impairment of Ca release from mammalian ventricular sarcoplasmic reticulum by the calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 (1988)

Positive inotropic concentration of the Ca-channel agonist, Bay K 8644, depressed contraction of canine right ventricular trabecula immediately after a rest period of 8 min, without decreasing action potential plateau amplitude. In contrast, high external Ca and ouabagenin caused only a slight decrease in post-rest contraction. Bay K 8644-induced post-rest depression was inversely related to the extracellular Ca concentration. Hence it could not be due to cellular Ca overload. Since post-rest potentiation is due to increased contribution of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, these results suggest that Bay K 8644 decrease the amount of releasable Ca from this structure during rest.
Made-to-Measure: Automated Drawing and Material Craft (2018)

Automation in architectural design and documentation has often been a siloed process where discrete parts are scripted while other production is organized by analog documentation procedures. A made-to-measure, direct-to-drawing process provides an alternative model, leveraging the embodied expertise of skilled trades through digital automation of design and measured drawings. As a practice that questions relationships between digital processes and building, SHoP Architects pursued the joint application of craft knowledge embodied by established trades with computational intelligence manifested through automation in the design of the WAVE/CAVE Pavilion in Milan. With WAVE/CAVE as a case study, this paper explores the precedence, context, and procedures associated with automation of fabrication and material knowledge in design and drawing production, demonstrating a bridge between analog craft and digital scripting through made-to-measure automated drawing.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[1,5‐α]quinazoline Derivatives. (2015)

Abstract A novel cascade condensation‐intramolecular acylation process for the synthesis of the title compounds from anthranilic acid derivatives is developed.
Opportunistic data structures with applications (2002)

We address the issue of compressing and indexing data. We devise a data structure whose space occupancy is a function of the entropy of the underlying data set. We call the data structure opportunistic since its space occupancy is decreased when the input is compressible and this space reduction is achieved at no significant slowdown in the query performance. More precisely, its space occupancy is optimal in an information-content sense because text T[1,u] is stored using O(H/sub k/(T))+o(1) bits per input symbol in the worst case, where H/sub k/(T) is the kth order empirical entropy of T (the bound holds for any fixed k). Given an arbitrary string P[1,p], the opportunistic data structure allows to search for the occurrences of P in T in O(p+occlog/sup /spl epsiv//u) time (for any fixed /spl epsiv/>0). If data are uncompressible we achieve the best space bound currently known (Grossi and Vitter, 2000); on compressible data our solution improves the succinct suffix array of (Grossi and Vitter, 2000) and the classical suffix tree and suffix array data structures either in space or in query time or both. We also study our opportunistic data structure in a dynamic setting and devise a variant achieving effective search and update time bounds. Finally, we show how to plug our opportunistic data structure into the Glimpse tool (Manber and Wu, 1994). The result is an indexing tool which achieves sublinear space and sublinear query time complexity.