gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscosity of Ionic Liquid–Ionic Liquid Mixtures (2017)

The viscosities of 23 ionic liquid (IL)–IL mixtures were measured at multiple temperatures and mole fractions. Many of the mixtures involved a dialkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N]) IL paired with a tetra-alkylphosphonium IL containing an aprotic heterocyclic anion (AHA). As a result, most of the mixtures contained both unlike anions and cations. The mixtures ranged from strongly positive deviations from the Arrhenius model (the mole fraction weighted logarithm of the viscosity), even having mixture viscosities greater than the viscosity of either pure IL, to negative deviations. Studies of complementary pairs ([C1][A1] + [C2][A2] and [C2][A1] + [C1][A2] mixtures) have identical viscosities at overall mole fractions of 0.50, clearly indicating that the anions and cations of the mixtures exchange freely. These mixtures cannot be well-represented by the Arrhenius model assuming a random distribution of the four possible cation/anion combinations (e.g., 0.25 mole fraction of each possibility at an overall IL mole fraction of 0.50). Rather, if one assumes preferential formation of some cation/anion pairs to match the experimental viscosity data at a 0.50 IL mole fraction, a much better representation of the data can be obtained. However, additional IL–IL interactions are needed to explain maxima in the experimental viscosity data. Excess molar volumes are very small for all of the systems measured.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MEASUREMENT-BASED POLICY-DRIVEN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR CONVERGED NETWORKS (2011)

ICTACT Journals are peer reviewed International Journals published quarterly. With the objective of creating Indian-based Journals of International quality and to build up local research content, ICTACT Journals exists for the purpose of providing a quality peer-reviewed platform for Scientists, Researchers, Academicians and Engineers who carry out their original research. The Journals will highlight the continued growth and new challenges in both basic research and application development.
An Equine Cadaver Limb Model to Measure the Support Effect of Bandages Placed on the Lower Limb of the Horse (1989)

The purpose of this study was to develop a model that would allow comparison of energy absorption by equine legs bandaged with various materials and bandage configurations. A major goal of the current paper is the establishment of a control against which the bandaged leg can be compared.
Pseudo-C3-Symmetric Tertiary Alcohol Building Block via Group-Selective Hydroalumination:  A Synthesis of (−)-Malyngolide (2001)

The stereocontrolled preparation of tertiary alcohol 4 and its TMS surrogate 5, which share a pseudo-C(3)()-symmetry, is described. Compound 4 was used for the synthesis of (-)-malyngolide.
Development of evaluation environment for physical attacks against embedded devices (2012)

Physical attacks against cryptographic modules on embedded systems are different with theoretical analysis. Side-channel attacks, which are noninvasive physical attacks, exploit the measurable parameters of devices. In this study, we have developed a cryptographic LSI environment for testing side-channel attacks. The environment is designed such that small fluctuations in LSI power consumption can be measured. A printed circuit board, and control hardware and software are developed, and are available on our website to provide a uniform environment for side-channel testing of LSIs. Details of the developed environment are described in this paper, and its performance in measurements and tests is demonstrated through an experiment that replicates a side-channel attack.
β‐Peptide Conjugates: Syntheses and CD and NMR Investigations of β/α‐Chimeric Peptides, of a DPA‐β‐Decapeptide, and of a PEGylated β‐Heptapeptide (2009)

Abstract β 3 ‐Peptides consisting of six, seven, and ten homologated proteinogenic amino acid residues have been attached to an α ‐heptapeptide (all d‐ amino acid residues; 4 ), to a hexaethylene glycol chain (PEGylation; 5c ), and to dipicolinic acid (DPA derivative 6 ), respectively. The conjugation of the β ‐peptides with the second component was carried out through the N‐termini in all three cases. According to NMR analysis (CD 3 OH solutions), the ( M )‐ 3 14 ‐helical structure of the β ‐peptidic segments was unscathed in all three chimeric compounds ( Figs. 2, 4 , and 5 ). The α ‐peptidic section of the α / β ‐peptide was unstructured, and so was the oligoethylene glycol chain in the PEGylated compound. Thus, neither does the appendage influence the β ‐peptidic secondary structure, nor does the latter cause any order in the attached oligomers to be observed by this method of analysis. A similar conclusion may be drawn from CD spectra ( Figs. 1, 3 , and 5 ). These results bode well for the development of delivery systems involving β ‐peptides.
The Influence of Hydropulse Processing on Rheological Oil Parameters (2020)

ВЛИЯНИЕ ГИДРОИМПУЛЬСНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ НЕФТИ
Link Power Level Improvements in an Amplified 8-Channel CWDM System with Hybrid EDFA-SOA Pre-Amplifier (2015)

The link power improvement in a coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) system which is transmitted using a hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) scheme as a pre-amplifier, is discussed. The network is designed for amplifying 8 CWDM channels ranging from 1471 nm to 1611 nm. The hybrid amplifiers’ gain measurement is obtained from experimental work with gain peak at 22 dB which is observed at 1531 nm. The amplifiers also caused power increment of 5.06 dB in the transmission link before the signal is split individually at the receiving end. Based on the higher gain peaks and power spectrum at 1531 nm and 1551 nm wavelengths, the proposed amplified link would be useful for the transmission of video applications.
Towards Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) with Proton Conducting Electrolytes Operating at Low Temperature: Is the Scale-up Feasible? (2017)

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are an efficient and environmental-friendly alternative to combustion engines for supplying power. There is at present a keen interest on SOFCs in China with the government supporting a number of commercialization initiatives with large grants. However, their high operating temperatures and cost hampers their broad use and causes long-term stability problems. A step forward towards reducing the SOFC working temperature at 600°C or below can be the use of high temperature proton conductor (HTPC) oxides as electrolytes, due to their lower activation energy for proton conduction (0.3-0.6 eV), with respect to oxygen-ion conducting electrolytes. We have recently made significant progresses in the development of chemically-stable HTPC electrolytes and cathode materials associated, by using Y-doped barium zirconate (BZY). In this talk, after an introduction reporting an overview of the state-of-the-art of SOFC research in China, the recent work performed in our group toward the prospective commercialization of SOFC based on chemically stable proton conducting electrolyte will be presented.
Minimally invasive intra-arterial regional therapy for metastatic melanoma: isolated limb infusion and percutaneous hepatic perfusion (2011)

Unresectable hepatic and limb in-transit metastases from melanoma are very difficult to treat. Systemic chemotherapy has largely been ineffective. Both the minimally invasive, percutaneous techniques of ILI and PHP are excellent methods used to deliver extremely high-dose chemotherapy regionally to patients harboring metastatic melanoma confined to an extremity or liver, respectively. Studies, from prospectively maintained databases as well as Phase II and III trials, have shown the great efficacy of these techniques.
DBSim and ELMA - Freeware for Simulations of Deep Brain Stimulation (2022)

Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of the electric field is a useful tool to estimate the activated tissue around Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrodes. Based on our previous research, a two-part software package named DBSim and ELMA is presented. ELMA is used to classify brain tissue into grey matter, white matter, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid and assign electric conductivities accordingly. This data is then used in DBSim to generate patient-specific simulations of the electric field around currently implemented leads Medtronic 3387 and 3389, and Abbott 6180 and 6181. The software is available for free download at https://liu.se/en/article/ne-downloads Clinical Relevance- This is a tool meant for research and educational purposes for e.g. studies on optimal target areas for DBS.
Anaerobic Elemental Sulfur Reduction by FungusFusarium oxysporum (2007)

Reduction of inorganic sulfur compounds by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was examined. When transferred from a normoxic to an anoxic environment, F. oxysporum reduced elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This reaction accompanied fungal growth and oxidation of the carbon source (ethanol) to acetate. Over 2-fold more of H2S than of acetate was produced, which is the theoretical correlation for the oxidation of ethanol to acetate. NADH-dependent sulfur reductase (SR) activity was detected in cell-free extracts of the H2S-producing fungus, and was found to be up-regulated under the anaerobic conditions. On the other hands both O2 consumption by the cells and cytochrome c oxidase activity by the crude mitochondrial fractions decreased. These results indicate that H2S production involving SR was due to a novel dissimilation mechanism of F. oxysporum, and that the fungus adapts to anaerobic conditions by replacing the energy-producing mechanism of O2 respiration with sulfur reduction.
Vulnerability assessment of line current differential protection in converter–dominated power systems (2022)

Line current differential (LCD) protection is traditionally considered to be highly dependable and secure. However, the increasing penetration of converter interfaced sources (CIS) (e.g. wind, PV, HVDC systems, etc.) could significantly reduce the system fault level and change the fault characteristics, thus presenting challenges to the reliable operation of LCD protection. In this paper, the impact of the integration of CIS on LCD performance is investigated comprehensively. Analytical expressions representing LCD relay operation in the presence of converter-driven fault currents and weak infeed conditions have been developed. A test network, comprising of a CIS model equipped with a typical converter fault-ride through strategy that is compliant with the GB Grid Code, has been built in a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Simulations of LCD performance for different fault and system conditions are performed and presented. It is demonstrated that the dependability of the LCD relay can be compromised during internal phase-to-phase faults. The results also show that with the synchronous generation being displaced by CIS, the increasing CIS penetration and fault contribution from the CIS can lead to an increased phase angle difference between the fault currents contributed from the two ends of the protected line, which will increase the risk of the compromised protection performance.
Solid waste collection optimization considering energy utilization for large city area (2010)

Waste management is a significant issue in the world, which is of vital importance to global environmental. Three strategies for truck scheduling and path optimization of waste collection are provided. For an improvement waste processing strategy which not only cares about the weight and volume, this paper presented a model for optimizing municipal solid waste management considering energy utilization. A genetic algorithm and simulate algorithm integrated method was adopted to optimize the collection route. To better help administration department manage its solid waste, a GIS based decision support system was developed. The proposed approach is verified through a case study of Pudong. The results show the method is effective for solid waste collection and transport from the energy utilization improvement point of view.
α7B Integrin changes in mdx mouse muscles after l‐arginine administration (2005)

Muscle fibers attach to laminin in the basal lamina using two mechanisms, i.e., dystrophin with its associated proteins and alpha7beta1 integrin. In humans, gene-mutation defects in one member of these complexes result in muscular dystrophies. This study revealed changes after L-arginine treatment of utrophin-associated proteins and the alpha7B integrin subunit in mdx mouse, a dystrophin-deficient animal model. In the two studied muscles (cardiac muscle and diaphragm), the alpha7B integrin subunit was increased in 5-week-old treated mice. Interestingly, the diaphragm histopathological appearance was significantly improved by L-arginine administration. These results highlight a possible way to compensate for dystrophin deficiency via alpha7beta1 integrin.
A special singular perturbation method for kinetic model reduction: With application to an H2/O2 oxidation model (1996)

An evolution of a homogeneous chemical reaction system is described by a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. When the evolution occurs on different time scales, a special singular perturbation method may be employed to extract the equations for the slow evolution. The resultant equations have a quite simple form and retain high accuracy in the solutions. For illustration, an H2/O2 oxidation model is treated by this method. A general reduced model containing no radicals has been obtained, which can be applied to a wide range of initial conditions and has very good accuracy for the temperature and all the species.
Evaluation of New Vaccines in the Mouse and Guinea Pig Model of Tuberculosis (1998)

The results of this study provide the first evidence that two completely separate vaccine approaches, one based on a subunit vaccine consisting of a mild adjuvant admixed with purified culture filtrate proteins and enhanced by the cytokine interleukin-2 and the second based on immunization with DNA encoding the Ag85A protein secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, could both prevent the onset of caseating disease, which is the hallmark of the guinea pig aerogenic infection model. In both cases, however, the survival of vaccinated guinea pigs was shorter than that conferred by Mycobacterium bovis BCG, with observed mortality of these animals probably due to consolidation of lung tissues by lymphocytic granulomas. An additional characteristic of these approaches was that neither induced skin test reactivity to commercial tuberculin. These data thus provide optimism that development of nonliving vaccines which can generate long-lived immunity approaching that conferred by the BCG vaccine is a feasible goal.
Blade Displacement Measurements of the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor (2011)

Blade displacement measurements were acquired during a wind tunnel test of the full-scale UH-60A Airloads rotor. The test was conducted in the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex at NASA Ames Research Center. Multi-camera photogrammetry was used to measure the blade displacements of the four-bladed rotor. These measurements encompass a range of test conditions that include advance ratios from 0.15 to unique slowed-rotor simulations as high as 1.0, thrust coefficient to rotor solidity ratios from 0.01 to 0.13, and rotor shaft angles from -10.0 to 8.0 degrees. The objective of these measurements is to provide a benchmark blade displacement database to be utilized in the development and validation of rotorcraft computational tools. The methodology, system development, measurement techniques, and preliminary sample blade displacement measurements are presented.
Cellular Imaging: Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Harnessed Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane as Light‐Up Hybrid Nanodot for Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Cellular Nucleus (Adv. Mater. 37/2010) (2010)

Bin Liu and co-workers report on p. 4186 on a water-soluble organic/inorganic hybrid nanodot based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and conjugated oligoelectrolytes for twophoton fluorescence imaging of cellular nuclei. The small size of the dots (∼3.3 nm) impart nucleus permeability and substantial DNA-enhanced twophoton excited fluorescence that allows highcontrast illumination of the nucleus.
Oxidation of single-stranded oligonucleotides by carbonate radical anions: generating intrastrand cross-links between guanine and thymine bases separated by cytosines (2007)

The carbonate radical anion is a biologically important one-electron oxidant that can directly abstract an electron from guanine, the most easily oxidizable DNA base. Oxidation of the 5'-d(CCTACGCTACC) sequence by photochemically generated CO3*- radicals in low steady-state concentrations relevant to biological processes results in the formation of spiroiminodihydantoin diastereomers and a previously unknown lesion. The latter was excised from the oxidized oligonucleotides by enzymatic digestion with nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase and identified by LC-MS/MS as an unusual intrastrand cross-link between guanine and thymine. In order to further characterize the structure of this lesion, 5'-d(GpCpT) was exposed to CO3*- radicals, and the cyclic nature of the 5'-d(G*pCpT*) cross-link in which the guanine C8-atom is bound to the thymine N3-atom was confirmed by LC-MS/MS, 1D and 2D NMR studies. The effect of bridging C bases on the cross-link formation was studied in the series of 5'-d(GpC(n)pT) and 5'-d(TpC(n)pG) sequences with n = 0, 1, 2 and 3. Formation of the G*-T* cross-links is most efficient in the case of 5'-d(GpCpT). Cross-link formation (n = 0) was also observed in double-stranded DNA molecules derived from the self-complementary 5'-d(TTACGTACGTAA) sequence following exposure to CO3*- radicals and enzymatic excision of the 5'-d(G*pT*) product.
An Analysis of a Low Information Rate Time Control Unit (1966)

Timing systems which are driven by unadjusted quartz crystal oscillators accumulate errors due to oscillator frequency instability. .To realize maximum timekeeping precision, assuming a frequency calibration is available intermittently, the oscillator frequency must be c or r e spondingly readjusted or the clock must be reset , or a bookkeeping method employed to systematically account for errors. At best, none of these procedures is as satisfactory as having a stable frequency available continuously; besides being time consuming, the above expedients always introduce a possibility for err 'or. In an operational system, the problem is compounded because coordination is required among a number of people in a number of stations. To minimize these disadvantages and in some cases improve accuracy, a method of operation which retains oscillator synchronization as automatically as possible is desired,.
Cubical Gamut Mapping Colour Constancy (2010)

A new color constancy algorithm called Cubical Gamut Mapping (CGM) is introduced. CGM is computationally very simple, yet performs better than many currently known algorithms in terms of median illumination estimation error. Moreover, it can be tuned to minimize the maximum error. Being able to reduce the maximum error, possibly at the expense of increased median error, is an advantage over many published color constancy algorithms, which may perform quite well in terms of median illumination-estimation error, but have very poor worst-case performance. CGM is based on principles similar to existing gamut mapping algorithms; however, it represents the gamut of image chromaticities as a simple cube characterized by the image's maximum and minimum rgb chromaticities rather than their more complicated convex hull. It also uses the maximal RGBs as an additional source of information about the illuminant. The estimate of the scene illuminant is obtained by linearly mapping the chromaticity of the maximum RGB, minimum rgb and maximum rgb values. The algorithm is trained off-line on a set of synthetically generated images. Linear programming techniques for optimizing the mapping both in terms of the sum of errors and in terms of the maximum error are used. CGM uses a very simple image pre-processing stage that does not require image segmentation. For each pixel in the image, the pixels in the N-by-N surrounding block are averaged. The pixels for which at least one of the neighbouring pixels in the N-by-N surrounding block differs from the average by more than a given threshold are removed. This pre-processing not only improves CGM, but also improves the performance of other published algorithms such as max RGB and Grey World.
Dissociation Equilibrium of Human Recombinant Interferon γ (1996)

The biologically active form of interferon gamma is a dimer composed of two noncovalently bound identical polypeptide chains of 17 kDa each. In this study, it was found that dissociation of the dimer into monomers significantly reduced the fluorescence quantum yield and the efficiency of the intermolecular Tyr to Trp radiationless energy transfer. The same process caused significant changes in the fluorescence decay and in the fluorescence anisotropy decay. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the dimer-monomer equilibrium were determined by fluorescence measurements at different temperatures and by a theoretical mathematical model. Dissociation of the dimers into monomers was an endothermic process and was favored by concentrations of the protein lower than 1 microM and by increasing the temperature. It was accompanied by formation of aggregates, a slow and partially reversible process leading to inactivation of the interferon. It is suggested that certain monomeric conformers are competent for aggregation.
Systematic analysis of supersaturation and lysozyme crystal quality (2001)

A systematic study of the correlation between supersaturation and protein crystal quality was carried out employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray crystallography with synchrotron radiation (SR). The surface morphology and growth rates of hen egg-white (HEW) lysozyme crystals soaked in various supersaturated solutions were first investigated by AFM. The results showed that the formation of two-­dimensional islands increased as a function of ­supersaturation. The growth rate (molecule intake speed) also increased as a function of supersaturation. In order to examine the correlation between the surface morphology, growth rate and the crystal quality, X-ray diffraction experiments were performed. It was confirmed that crystals grown at lower supersaturations diffracted better with higher signal-to-noise ratios, including better agreement between symmetry-related reflections. The results strongly suggested that the molecular misorientation at high supersaturation affected the crystal quality.
High field magnetization measurements of Sm2Fe17, Sm2Fe17Cx, and Sm2Fe17CxH5−x (1994)

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic compounds of Sm2Fe17, Sm2Fe17C0.6, and Sm2Fe17C0.6H4.4 were investigated. Sm2Fe17 nitrides, carbides, and carbohydrides are suitable for making high performance permanent magnets. The high field magnetization measurements performed up to 200 kOe in continuous fields are reported. In this article, the isothermal magnetization curves measured between 2 and 300 K on powder samples embedded in a resin and then aligned under a magnetic field of about 10 kOe in order to get oriented samples are presented. The magnetic anisotropy constants K1 and K2 are determined taking into account the angular distribution of the grains axis. The results are discussed in light of previously reported data and then the effects of C or H on the Sm contribution to the anisotropy is compared to that of N. It is shown that carbon and hydrogen have opposite influence on the Sm anisotropy and it is suggested that a wide range of magnetic anisotropy can be obtained depending on the H and C content. The influence of both interstitial elements H and C on magnetic features such as the Curie temperature and the saturation magnetization is analyzed.