gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Efficacy and Safety of IGIV3I Grifols (Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin) in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura. (2006)

Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products are considered a useful treatment in patients with chronic idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) to prevent bleeding or prior to surgery, when platelet counts have to be rapidly increased. IGIV3I Grifols is a highly purified, unmodified human IgG product whose manufacturing process follows the same basic principles of Flebogamma® (another IVIG manufactured by Grifols in clinical use since 1992). The main differences between both processes are how purification steps are sequentially arranged, and the introduction of two specific steps to inactivate/remove any potential contaminating pathogen (solvent-detergent treatment and sequential nanofiltration through 35 and 20 nm pore size filters), as additional viral elimination steps to pasteurization, already present in Flebogamma®. An open prospective study was planned to investigate the efficacy and safety of IGIV3I Grifols in 20 adult patients with chronic ITP (at least 6 months after diagnosis). Twenty adult subjects were enrolled and 19 patients with chronic ITP in acute phase (platelet counts &amp;lt;20x109/l) were treated. Patients received 0.4 g/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. Efficacy endpoints were the proportion of patients who reached a platelet count ≥50x109/l, the time taken for the platelet count to reach the target level and the duration of response. Regression of haemorrhages was documented during the first 14 days of follow-up. Safety parameters including adverse events (AEs), laboratory determinations and vital signs were regularly monitored. The follow-up of patients ended 3 months after first dose of IGIV3I Grifols to determine any change in viral markers for HIV, HCV, HBV and HAV. Results from intention to treat (ITT) population (n=20) and per protocol (PP) population (n=19) are presented. A patient was withdrawn from the study because she did not present an immune idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A total of 14 patients (ITT = 70%; PP = 74%) responded to the study drug. The median time to platelet response was ≥2.5 days and the median number of days in which the platelet count remained ≥50x109/l was ≥7.0 days. For 17 patients (ITT = 85%; PP = 89%) a regression of the bleeding episodes was reported on day 14. Eight out of 20 patients presented 21 AEs potentially related to the study drug (16 mild and 5 moderate). Headache and fever (6 cases each), hypertension (2), decreased blood pressure (2) or hypotension (1), blood pressure fluctuation (1), thrombocythaemia (1), bradycardia (1) and asthenia (1) were AEs potentially related to study drug. No patients experienced clinically significant abnormalities in the laboratory values (haematology and renal and hepatic functions) and no patients changed their virological markers during the follow-up of the study. The results show that IGIV3I Grifols is safe and adequate to achieve a safe platelet count in patients with refractory chronic ITP.
Front Cover: Acceleration of an Enzymatic Reaction in Liquid Phase Separated Compartments Based on Intrinsically Disordered Protein Domains (ChemSystemsChem 4/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows liquid phase separated droplets that are based on biologically inspired intrinsically disordered proteins and act as microreactors for enhanced enzymatic reactions. More information can be found in the Article by P. Arosio and co-workers.
An RFID-Based Anti-Counterfeiting Track and Trace Solution (2011)

As markets become more global and competition intensifies, firms are beginning to realize that competition is not exclusively a firm versus firm domain, but a supply chain against supply chain phenomenon (***a, 2008). Under these circumstances, an increasing strategic importance to any organization independent of size or of sector is to deliver information, goods and services in full, on time and error-free to customers. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology represents one of a number of possible solutions to enhance supply chain. RFID technology permits the unique identification of each container, pallet, case and item to be manufactured, shipped and sold, thus allowing an increased visibility throughout the supply chain. Also, an RFID anti-counterfeiting mechanism could be implemented. This chapter focuses on how RFID technology can be used to solve problems faced by supply chain, such as track and traceability, anti-counterfeiting. It proposes a track-andtrace anti-counterfeiting system using RFID technology. The submitted system (hereinafter referred to as ATPROD system) is aimed at relatively high-end consumer products, and it helps protect genuine products by maintaining the product pedigree and the supply chain integrity. Our system integrates mobile systems to extend corporate data outwards to mobile devices for viewing and querying. Also, users can use any mobile device endowed with an RFID reader for data collection. In this way, manual entry data has been eliminated. Moreover, users can read the tags wherever the items are placed, which enables a more flexible storage environment and an efficiency increase of supply chains and anticounterfeiting. We developed an RFID embedded system based on an eBox with an RFID reader attached. This system, named MICC (Interfacing, Command and Control Module), enables many applications to run at the same time as concurrent processes. Each entry or/ and exit gate of the warehouse in a supply chain could be managed by a MICC module. If there are multiple gates the installed MICC modules (from warehouse or company) could be linked together into a network. From a functional perspective, the MICC module must meet the following requirements: to read/ write data on RFID tags attached to items passing through a gate, to manage a large number of RFID tags passing through a gate at the same time, to provide data transmission via the network to a central server, to process local data and to provide the possibility of
Degree of Throat Deposition Can Explain the Variability in Lung Deposition of Inhaled Drugs (2006)

Inhalation is a mainstay for treatment of asthma, and lung deposition can be seen as a surrogate marker for the ensuing clinical effects. Not only absolute lung deposition, but also its variability is of interest, as it indicates the range of expected lung deposition in an individual patient when prescribing the drug and the expected day-to-day variability when using it. A literature survey found 71 studies with relevant information on lung deposition and its variability. Further characteristics of the studies, such as if the subjects were healthy or asthmatics, adults or children, and what device that was used, were noted. In all, 187 data points were included. Variability in lung deposition was depicted as a function of mean lung deposition; for the entire data set and for subsets thereof. Independent of device type or subject category high lung deposition was associated with low relative variability and vice versa. Using a published throat deposition model, the observed correlation of lung deposition variability to mean lung deposition could be explained as being determined largely by the extent of and variability in throat deposition. We hypothesize that throat deposition is the major determinant for lung deposition of an inhaled aerosol, and its absolute variability will largely be determined by the absolute variability in throat deposition. The relative variability in lung deposition will therefore tend to be high for low lung deposition and low for high lung deposition. Consequently, low relative variability in lung deposition can only be attained if high lung deposition is achieved.
Frailty, Psychoactive Medications, and Cognitive Dysfunction Are Associated With Poor Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Cirrhosis (2018)

Cirrhosis is associated with disabling symptoms and diminished health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, for patients with compensated disease, data are limited regarding associations with poor patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We prospectively enrolled 300 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension without a history of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and reviewed medical and pharmacy records. We characterized determinants of PROs using the 8-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) scale (0-100) and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; poor sleep >5). Disability and frailty measures were assessed using activities of daily living (ADLs), falls, hand-grip, and chair-stands. Cognitive function was measured using weighted-lures from the Inhibitory Control Test (ICT). The median age of our cohort was 60 (interquartile range [IQR], 52-66) years, 56.3% were male, and 70% Child class A. All patients had portal hypertension, 76% had varices, and 41% had a history of ascites (predominantly well controlled). The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease with Sodium (MELD-Na) score was 9 (IQR, 7-13). The overall median SF-8 was 70 (IQR, 54-86). Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, education, and MELD-Na, performance on chair-stands (9.28 HRQOL points [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.76-13.8] per 10-stands), ADL dependence (-6.06 [-10.8 to -1.36]), opiate use (-5.01 [-7.84 to -2.19]), benzodiazepine use (-3.50 [-6.58 to -0.42]), and ICT performance (-0.10 [-0.20 to 0.001] per weighted-lure) were significantly associated with HRQOL. Among patients completing the ICT, poor HRQOL (score <50) was significantly associated with chair-stands (odds ratio [OR] per 10-stands, 0.24; 95% CI [0.11-0.56]) and weighted lures (OR per weighted-lure, 1.01 [1.00-1.03]). Poor sleep quality was associated with opiate use (OR, 2.85 [1.11-7.29]) and lures (OR per-lure, 1.03 [1.00-1.05]). Conclusion: Disability, chair-stand performance, cognitive dysfunction, as well as psychoactive medication use are significantly associated with PROs in patients with clinically stable cirrhosis.
Vibration Control of a Ropeway Carrier by Passive Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (1995)

Swing of a ropeway carrier is easily caused by wind and it is very difficult to reduce. In this paper, several types of dynamic vibration absorbers for a ropeway carrier are analyzed theoretically, and a general theory is formulated. A method of optimum tuning is obtained and the index (equivalent mass ratio) which indicates the effect of the absorber is defined. When the dynamic vibration absorber is located at the center of oscillation, swing is not reduced at all. The center of oscillation is the point that is located at the distance of equivalent length of the pendulum from the center of suspension (fulcrum). The absorber should be located as far as possible from the center of oscillation.
Stride characteristics of horses competing in Grand Prix jumping (1984)

An investigation was made of the stride characteristics of horses jumping 2 obstacles during a Grand Prix competition. One obstacle was a picket fence and rail 1.3 m high (fence 2), and the other was a coop and rail 1.52 m high (fence 11). Thirteen distance and 22 timing measurements of 17 horses were extracted from high-speed films, using computer-aided analysis. These data were used to compare takeoff and landing of the lead and nonlead legs, the thoracic limbs and pelvic limbs, and fence 2 and fence 11. Paired t-tests were used to compare means and a stepwise regression analysis was done for each fence, using the total horizontal distance jumped as the dependent variable. Stride timing and distance measurements did not differ (P less than 0.05) between the 2 fences . Each horse approached the fences in a moderately fast canter and, at takeoff , placed the nonlead thoracic limb earlier and farther from the fence than the lead thoracic limb (P less than 0.05). The nonlead leg stance phase lasted longer than the lead leg stance phase (P less than 0.05). The lead and nonlead pelvic limbs acted more in unison than the thoracic limbs and did not differ in their time of placement, stance phase duration, or position from the fence (P less than 0.05). The overlap of the stance phases of the pelvic limbs was greater than that of the thoracic limbs (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Causes of cracks in SMD and type specific remedies (1991)

Packages used with surface-mount devices (SMDs) have the unique reliability problems of package cracks arising due to soldering stress. Package cracks can be divided into three types, depending on the origin and directions of spread of the cracks. Possible causes for each type of package crack were investigated, and techniques for optimized crackproof package design for individual crack types were developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunological Outcomes of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Food Allergy (2020)

IgE-mediated food allergies are caused by adverse immunologic responses to food proteins. Allergic reactions may present locally in different tissues such as skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract and may result is systemic life-threatening reactions. During the last decades, the prevalence of food allergies has significantly increased throughout the world, and considerable efforts have been made to develop curative therapies. Food allergen immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for food allergies that is based on the administration of increasing doses of culprit food extracts, or purified, and sometime modified food allergens. Different routes of administration for food allergen immunotherapy including oral, sublingual, epicutaneous and subcutaneous regimens are being evaluated. Although a wealth of data from clinical food allergen immunotherapy trials has been obtained, a lack of consistency in assessed clinical and immunological outcome measures presents a major hurdle for evaluating these new treatments. Coordinated efforts are needed to establish standardized outcome measures to be applied in food allergy immunotherapy studies, allowing for better harmonization of data and setting the standards for the future research. Several immunological parameters have been measured in food allergen immunotherapy, including allergen-specific immunoglobulin levels, basophil activation, cytokines, and other soluble biomarkers, T cell and B cell responses and skin prick tests. In this review we discuss different immunological parameters and assess their applicability as potential outcome measures for food allergen immunotherapy that may be included in such a standardized set of outcome measures.
Formation Mechanism of Foldings in Multi-Layer Welds with Single-Bevel Groove (1996)

Very small flaws are occasionally observed at the root of the penetration beads (uranami beads) as the first layer of multi-layer welds with single-bevel groove. The formation mechanism of these flaws has been investigated so as to elucidate whether the flaws are defects or not toward the increased severity of safety requirements for large steel structures under global enviromental issues.The results show that the flaws are not weld cracks but foldings to be grown up from buckled weld zone at the root of non-symmetric throats in the penetration beads of the first layer, where strains are concentrated by thermal contractions of weld metals in welding the second and the subsequent layers. It was demonstrated to prevent effectively the formation of foldings by the application of a newly developed welding method.
Securing Majority-Attack in Blockchain Using Machine Learning and Algorithmic Game Theory: A Proof of Work (2018)

Recently we could see several institutions coming together to create consortium based blockchain networks such as Hyperledger. Although for applications of blockchain such as Bitcoin, Litcoin, etc. the majority-attack might not be a great threat but for consortium based blockchain networks where we could see several institutions such as public, private, government, etc. are collaborating, the majority-attack might just prove to be a prevalent threat if collusion among these institutions takes place. This paper proposes a methodology where we can use intelligent software agents to monitor the activity of stakeholders in the blockchain networks to detect anomaly such as collusion, using supervised machine learning algorithm and algorithmic game theory and stop the majority-attack from taking place.
Slowing the Spread of HIV: Agenda for the 1990s (1993)

HIV and AIDS are present in countries around the globe. The incidence of HIV infection increases in Latin America and the Caribbean North Africa and the Middle East eastern Europe and Asia despite the research communitys comparatively extensive knowledge on HIV and the existence of methods of proven efficacy for preventing its transmission. The majority of the estimated 13 million individuals infected with HIV as of mid-1993 acquired it through heterosexual intercourse. Since HIV is essentially a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which can also be transmitted through blood and perinatally slowing its transmission through sexual routes will curb the AIDS pandemic. Vaccines are being developed which may eventually be capable of preventing HIV transmission. A safe and effective vaccine should not however be expected to reach the market until the end of the decade and it will not be 100% effective. A vaccine should thus be considered complementary to other prevention methods. Research must continue in a multidisciplinary multicultural and multinational cooperative fashion toward the development of a vaccine appropriate for the needs of developing countries yet with considerable priority given to the following: development of a vaginal microbicide; improving the understanding of HIV pathogenesis and immune response; improving approaches to the care of STDs; and finding better ways to encourage people to adopt and sustain personally appropriate forms of low-risk behavior. Great effort must also be made to confront the stigma denial and taboo associated with AIDS and especially accept and understand the fact that children and adolescents are experiencing sexual intercourse at ever younger ages; abstinence is not a viable alternative for most. These youths need to know that nonpenetrative sex does not transmit HIV and that condoms significantly reduce the risk of infection. Scientists are well placed to promote this plan of action both domestically and abroad.
Rates of Platination of AG and GA Containing Double-Stranded Oligonucleotides:  Insights into Why Cisplatin Binds to GG and AG but Not GA Sequences in DNA (1998)

The reactions of the self-complementary 14-base-pair duplexes 5‘-d(AATTAGTACTAATT)-3‘ (-AG-) and 5‘-d(AATTGATATCAATT)-3‘ (-GA-) with 15N-cisplatin, (cis-[PtCl2(15NH3)2]) (pH 6.0, T = 298 K) and cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(OH2)2]2+ (pH 4.9, T = 288 K), have been investigated using [1H,15N] HSQC 2D NMR spectroscopy. Reactions involving cisplatin progress via the hydrolysis product cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(OH2)]+. Two major -AG- monofunctional adducts, G(6)/Cl and A(5)/Cl, form at rates of 1.06 ± 0.06 and 0.149 ± 0.014 M-1 s-1, respectively. The major Pt-GA- monofunctional adduct G(5)/Cl forms at a rate of 0.023 ± 0.002 M-1 s-1, and several minor adducts, including A(6)/Cl (0.0054 ± 0.0010 M-1 s-1), are observed. Closure from the monofunctional/Cl adducts proceeds via an aquated species for both -AG- and -GA-. The rates of hydrolysis from the G/Cl adducts to the G/H2O species are (1.55 ± 0.05) × 10-5 s-1 with -AG- and (0.198 ± 0.008) × 10-5 s-1 with -GA-, and the rates of closure to the chelates are (9.8 ± 0.9) × 10-5 and (0.69 ± 0.17) × 10-5 s-1 for -AG- and -GA-, respectively. The rates of ring closure from A/Cl monofunctional species, treated as direct to chelate, are (0.16 ± 0.06) × 10-5 (-AG-) and (2.1 ± 0.7) × 10-5 s-1 (-GA-). The rate constants found for the reactions between the oligonucleotides and cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(OH2)2]2+ are, for formation of the G/H2O monofunctional adducts, 0.42 ± 0.01 (-AG-) and 0.50 ± 0.01 M-1 s-1 (-GA-). Formation of A/H2O adducts is not observed for either -AG- or -GA-. Rates of ring closure from the G/H2O adducts are (3.71 ± 0.05) × 10-5 (-AG-) and (0.162 ± 0.005) × 10-5 s-1 (-GA-). The rate of formation of monofunctional adducts from cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(OH2)2]2+ are similar for -AG- and -GA-, whereas for cisplatin a clear preference is observed for -AG- over -GA-. Closure to form the bifunctional adduct is more rapid in the case of -AG- than -GA- for both cisplatin and cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(OH2)2]2+, but the difference is greater for cis-[Pt(15NH3)2(OH2)2]2+. It is concluded that the bifunctional intrastrand adduct profile observed when cisplatin binds to DNA is substantially controlled by the rate of formation of monofunctional adducts at the different X-purine-purine-X sequences. A slow rate of closure also contributes to the nonformation of the bifunctional GpA adduct.
Colloidal gels: Simple, smart chemical sensors (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTColloidal gels: Simple, smart chemical sensorsMITCH JACOBYCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 43, 10Publication Date (Print):October 27, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 27 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n043.p010https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n043.p010newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Polymers Get e-Alerts
An Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Scheme for Bus Priority at Isolated Intersection (2006)

To improve dynamic response performance of traditional signal-planning for bus priority, this paper brings forward a new traffic signal timing scheme, which is composed of four modules: preprocessor of traffic information, mid-scope scheme generator, real-time scheme generator and final scheme mediation. The experiment shows that the scheme has better dynamic response performance while remaining well static response performance of traditional one and it is applicable in a wide range of traffic volume