gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specificity and Mode of Action of the Antifungal Fatty Acid cis -9-Heptadecenoic Acid Produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa (2001)

cis-9-Heptadecenoic acid (CHDA), an antifungal fatty acid produced by the biocontrol agent Pseudozyma flocculosa, was studied for its effects on growth and/or spore germination in fungi. Inhibition of growth and/or germination varied considerably and revealed CHDA sensitivity groups within tested fungi. Analysis of lipid composition in these fungi demonstrated that sensitivity was related primarily to a low intrinsic sterol content and that a high level of unsaturation of phospholipid fatty acids was not as involved as hypothesized previously. Our data indicate that CHDA does not act directly with membrane sterols, nor is it utilized or otherwise modified in fungi. A structural mechanism of CHDA, consistent with the other related antifungal fatty acids produced by P. flocculosa, is proposed in light of its activity and specificity. The probable molecular events implicated in the sensitivity of fungi to CHDA are (i) partitioning of CHDA into fungal membranes; (ii) a variable elevation in fluidity dependent on the buffering capability (sterol content) in fungi; and (iii) higher membrane disorder causing conformational changes in membrane proteins, increased membrane permeability and, eventually, cytoplasmic disintegration.
Combinations of chlorocatechols and heavy metals cause DNA degradation in vitro but must not result in increased mutation rates in vivo (1999)

Chlorocatechols introduced into the environment directly or as a result of degradation processes are highly toxic, particularly when combined with heavy metals. With in vitro DNA degradation assays, the high reactivity of chlorocatechols combined with heavy metals could be shown, whereby copper was shown to be more active than iron. Structure-activity analysis showed that the degradation potential of the chlorocatechols decreased with an increasing number of chloratoms. The addition of reactive oxygen species scavengers allowed the identification of hydrogen peroxide as an important agent leading to DNA damage in this reaction. The potential of other reactive compounds, however, can neither be determined nor excluded with this approach. Exposure of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium cultures to the same mixtures of chlorocatechols and copper surprisingly did not lead to an enhanced mutation rate. This phenomenon was explained by doing marker gene expression measurements and toxicity tests with E. coli mutants deficient in oxidative stress defense or DNA repair. In catechol-copper-exposed cultures an increased peroxide level could indeed be demonstrated, but the highly efficient defense and repair systems of E. coli avoid the phenotypical establishment of mutations. Increased mutation rates under chronic exposure, however, cannot be excluded.
Effect of Post-processing Annealing on Crystallinity Development and Mechanical Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites Printed on Large-format Extrusion Deposition System (2019)

This work investigates the effect of annealing on structure development and mechanical properties of parts printed on a large-format extrusion additive manufacturing system using short carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). PPS, being a semi-crystalline polymer, offers the potential to alter the mechanical properties of parts with changes in crystallinity. Annealing PPS at temperatures above the glass transition and below the melting point for long hours can enhance crystallinity in the material, thereby improving the mechanical properties. However, high temperature polymers such as PPS can also undergo reactions (branching and/or crosslinking) when annealed in an oxidative environment, which further influence crystallization. This work reports the effect of annealing on the changes in crystallinity, possibility of chemical reactions taking place, melt rheological properties and thermo-mechanical properties of the chosen PPS grades.
THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED INSULIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING IN BURN INJURY (2006)

Insulin resistance and abnormal glucose homeostasis after burn injury are due to alterations in postreceptor insulin signaling. There is a negative cross talk that occurs between the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and the insulin receptor. Recently, we found that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with an abolishment of insulin resistance three days post-burn injury as compared with burn injured animals given placebo. In this study, we examined the possibility that losartan, an AT1 receptor blocker, alleviates insulin resistance post-burn injury due to alterations in insulin receptor signaling in skeletal muscle. A 30% body surface area burn was induced by immersion of the dorsum into 90°C water for 15s. Sham burned rats were immersed in 23°C water. Losartan (30 mg/kg/day) or placebo (water) was given by gavage for three days post-burn resulting in sham burn, burn placebo, or burn losartan. Rectus abdominus muscle was taken and Western blot analysis followed by densitometry was performed in order to determine the phosphorylation state of AKT at serine 473, an essential step in the translocation of glucose transporter 4. Phospho-AKT was decreased in response to burn injury (43% of control), whereas losartan treatment attenuated this decrease (84% of control). Interestingly, the total AKT was decreased in response to burn injury as well (54% of control) and losartan treatment did not prevent this change (67% of control). However, 93% of the total AKT was phosphorylated in the losartan treated animals whereas only 82% in the burn placebo and 63% in the sham burn group was phosphorylated. This suggests and that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system improves insulin signaling by increasing phosphorylation of AKT. This is a possible mechanism for the improvement in insulin resistance following losartan treatment in burn-injured rats observed in our previous studies.
Efficacy, Safety, and Durability of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: 5-Year Results From the LATTE-2 Study (2021)

Cabotegravir + rilpivirine LA exhibited long-term efficacy and tolerability, demonstrating its durability as maintenance therapy for HIV-1 infection.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02120352.
Target localization techniques and tools for MIMO radar (2008)

MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar refers to an architecture that employs multiple, spatially distributed or colocated transmitters and receivers. The widely spaced antenna structure suggests unique features that set MIMO radar apart from other radar systems, making it strongly related to MIMO communications. The widely separated transmit/receive antennas capture different aspects of the target cross section that can be exploited to obtain diversity gain for detection and estimation of the targetpsilas various parameters, such as angle of arrival, and Doppler. The use of coherent processing can provide localization accuracy gains well beyond that supported by the radarpsilas waveform. This paper provides a review of some recent work on computing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the achievable localization accuracy. The geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) is used as a tool for assessing and illustrating the localization accuracy of the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).
A CMOS 45 GHz power amplifier with output power &#x003E; 600 mW using spatial power combining (2014)

A single-chip 45 GHz power amplifier implemented in 45nm CMOS SOI is described, which feeds its RF output power to a 2×2 antenna array on an accompanying printed circuit board. The chip results in a maximum RF output power of 28 dBm (630 mW), and the system achieves a peak equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 10 Watts (for a 2×2 antenna gain of 12 dB). The power amplifier is composed of 4 unit amplifier cells, each of which has pseudo-differential outputs. Stacking of 4 transistors was used in order to increase allowable voltage swings. The overall chip dimensions are 4.5 × 2.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The DC power consumption was 4.9 W from 5.5 V and 4.0 V supplies, corresponding to a power-added efficiency of 13.5%.
Adaptive algorithm structure: impacts on stability and performance (1990)

The structures of adaptive algorithms are examined for their impact on input-output stability and performance measures. Three general algorithm structures are considered: the a priori form, the a posteriori form, and the proportional integral (PI) form. A parallel development is used to directly compare continuous- and discrete-time versions of the algorithms considered. The standard a priori and a posteriori algorithm forms are shown to be special cases of a more flexible proportional-plus-integral algorithm, which is implemented via normalization in the adaptive law. It is shown that this normalization can enhance algorithm stability and input-output performance of normalized errors, but the performance unnormalized errors may not be significantly affected. This direct comparison of simple algorithm structures serves to isolate the stability and performance properties due to these structures alone. It provides information for algorithm design, allowing the essential effects of design options to be traded off against the many other options.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Histone Acetylation of Immune Regulatory Genes in Human Placenta in Association with Maternal Intake of Olive Oil and Fish Consumption (2019)

Maternal diet modifies epigenetic programming in offspring, a potentially critical factor in the immune dysregulation of modern societies. We previously found that prenatal fish oil supplementation affects neonatal T-cell histone acetylation of genes implicated in adaptive immunity including <i>PRKCZ</i>, <i>IL13</i>, and <i>TBX21</i>. In this study, we measured H3 and H4 histone acetylation levels by chromatin immunoprecipitation in 173 term placentas collected in the prospective birth cohort, ALADDIN, in which information on lifestyle and diet is thoroughly recorded. In anthroposophic families, regular olive oil usage during pregnancy was associated with increased H3 acetylation at <i>FOXP3</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.004), <i>IL10RA</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and <i>IL7R</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.007) promoters, which remained significant after adjustment by offspring gender. Furthermore, maternal fish consumption was associated with increased H4 acetylation at the <i>CD14</i> gene in placentas of female offspring (<i>p</i> = 0.009). In conclusion, prenatal olive oil intake can affect placental histone acetylation in immune regulatory genes, confirming previously observed pro-acetylation effects of olive oil polyphenols. The association with fish consumption may implicate ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in fish oil. Altered histone acetylation in placentas from mothers who regularly include fish or olive oil in their diets could influence immune priming in the newborn.
Calibration and preliminary performance of an in-water, integrated total scattering and backscattering sensor (2023)

The design and the calibration of the Beam-attenuation, b and bb Laser Underwater Environment Sensor (4BLUES), which borrows from advanced designs developed by the authors’ individual groups in the course of the last two decades. The sensor features unparalleled accuracy in determining the optical scattering and backscattering coefficients, which are critical parameters for the remote sensing of water constituents and in-water bio-optical applications. Calibration procedures performed in the laboratory with spheres of known properties are presented together with an assessment of the performance in two field experiments in coastal waters. The more complex calibration of the scattering channel includes a novel inversion approach, which accounts for scattering and absorption losses along the laser-beam path. Strong agreement was observed with current advanced sensors for extinction and the backscattering measurement for one of the field experiments. Total scattering comparison with the current state of the art showed reasonable agreement (within 25%) for all stations except one, where the interpretation for the higher discrepancies is unresolved. These preliminary results suggest further assessment is warranted.
Lineage commitment of hemopoietic progenitor cells in developing blast cell colonies: influence of colony-stimulating factors. (1991)

In clonal cultures of normal mouse marrow cells, combination of granulocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, or multipotential colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, GM-CSF, or multi-CSF, respectively) with stem cell factor (SCF) did not alter the number of blast colonies stimulated to develop compared with SCF alone but induced an up to 25-fold increase in their mean cell content and an up to 6-fold increase in their mean progenitor cell content. Costimulation of blast colony formation by SCF plus G-CSF did not change the relative frequency of progenitor cells of different types within the colonies compared with colonies stimulated by SCF alone. However, combination of GM-CSF or multi-CSF with SCF significantly increased the relative frequency of granulocytic progenitors and, for multi-CSF, also of eosinophil progenitor cells. These changes in the relative frequencies of progenitor cells committed to the various lineages support the hypothesis that hemopoietic regulators have some ability to induce selective lineage commitment in the progeny of multipotential cells.
Durch Cu‐Komplexe vermittelte reduktive Disproportionierung von NO: Nachahmung der Bildung von N2O durch Kupferproteine und Heterogenkatalysatoren (1994)

Zu Nitrito‐ O , O ‐kupferkomplexen und Distickstoffoxid reagieren die Nitrosylkomplexe [LCu(NO)] (L = substituiertes Tris(pyrazolyl)hydridoborat), ein Prozeß, der in der Natur vorkommende Umwandlungen, an denen Cu‐Ionen in Proteinen und Zeolithen mitwirken, nachahmt. Dimere Cu 2 ‐Komplexe können nach den Ergebnissen der kinetischen Untersuchungen als am geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt beteiligt ausgeschlossen werden, was darauf hindeutet, daß NO an ein Metall‐Ion bindet.
Using LDPC-Coded Modulation and Coherent Detection for Ultra Highspeed Optical Transmission (2007)

We propose the coded modulation schemes for ultrahigh-speed transmission (100 Gb/s and above) by using commercially available components operating at 40 gigasymbols/s. The bit-interleaved coded modulation in combination with the low-density parity-check codes that are used as component codes has been applied. The modulation is based on either M-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation or M-ary phase-shift keying. bits are mapped into the corresponding signal constellation point using either Gray or natural mapping. The coherent detection scheme has been found to outperform the direct detection one and to provide an additional margin much needed for longer transmission distances or for application in an all-optical network scenario.
A simple approximation to minimum-delay routing (1999)

The conventional approach to routing in computer networks consists of using a heuristic to compute a single shortest path from a source to a destination. Single-path routing is very responsive to topological and link-cost changes; however, except under light traffic loads, the delays obtained with this type of routing are far from optimal. Furthermore, if link costs are associated with delays, single-path routing exhibits oscillatory behavior and becomes unstable as traffic loads increase. On the other hand, minimum-delay routing approaches can minimize delays only when traffic is stationary or very slowly changing.We present a "near-optimal" routing framework that offers delays comparable to those of optimal routing and that is as flexible and responsive as single-path routing protocols proposed to date. First, an approximation to the Gallager's minimum-delay routing problem is derived, and then algorithms that implement the approximation scheme are presented and verified. We introduce the first routing algorithm based on link-state information that provides multiple paths of unequal cost to each destination that are loop-free at every instant. We show through simulations that the delays obtained in our framework are comparable to those obtained using the Gallager's minimum-delay routing. Also, we show that our framework renders far smaller delays and makes better use of resources than traditional single-path routing.
The Brugada Syndrome (2000)

The Brugada syndrome is a genetically determined disease caused by mutations of the cardiac sodium channel. The disease affects mainly males in their forties and causes sudden cardiac death because of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. These patients have a structurally normal heart. The electrocardiogram of this syndrome shows, spontaneously or after Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs, ST segment elevation in leads V 1 to V 3 and a pattern resembling a right bundle branch block. Phase 2 reentry between epi‐ and endocardiac layers is responsible for the arrhythmias. The only effective treatment at present is implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator. A.N.E. 2000;5(1):88–91
Urinary exosome miR-146a is a potential marker of albuminuria in essential hypertension (2018)

Our results indicate that miRNAs were enriched in the urinary exosome subpopulation in hypertensive patients and that low miR-146a expression in exosomes was associated with the presence of albuminuria. Thus, urinary exosome miR-146a may be a potentially useful tool for studying early renal injury in hypertension.
Combined Steam Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Starch-Free Wheat Fibers (2004)

Steam treatment of an industrial process stream, denoted starch-free wheat fiber, was investigated to improve the formation of monomeric sugars in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis for further bioconversion into ethanol. The solid fraction in the process stream, derived from a combined starch and ethanol factory, was rich in arabinose (21.1%), xylose (30.1%), and glucose (18.6%), in the form of polysaccharides. Various conditions of steam pretreatment (170–220°C for 5–30 min) were evaluated, and their effect was assessed by enzymatic hydrolysis with 2 g of Celluclast + Ultraflo mixture/ 100 g of starch-free fiber (SFF) slurry at 5% dry matter (DM). The highest overall sugar yield for the combined steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, 52 g /100 g of DM of SFF, corresponding to 74% of the theoretical, was achieved with pretreatment at 190°C for 10 min followed by enzymatic hydrolysis.
Comparisons of femoral tunnel enlargement in 169 patients between single‐bundle and anatomic double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with hamstring tendon grafts (2011)

Prospective comparative cohort study, Level II.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF 19F- SELF DIFFUSION IN BARIUM FLUORIDE CRYSTALS BY NMR (1976)

The direct measurement of 19F- self-diffusion in BaF2 crystals has been carried out using the pulsed field gradient (PFG) technique. The self-diffusion coefficient has been measured over three orders of magnitude in the temperature range 1 000 K-1 300 K. These measurements demonstrate the viability of this technique as an alternative means of obtaining self-diffusion data when there is no suitable radiotracer available.
Simple model for analysis of circumferential ridging deformation of fuel rods. (1988)

A simple model for analysis of fuel rod ridging is proposed. In this model, a piece of radially cracked pellet is considered as a beam, and cladding as a tube shell, allowing fuel rod ridging to be analyzed by applying the beam and shell theories. Ridging height and contact force between the pellet piece and the cladding tube are expressed in a relatively simple form as a function of elastic constants of the pellet and cladding, temperatures, dimensional parameters, etc. Effects of fuel design parameters on the fuel rod ridging are evaluated using this model.
Model-based testing of a vehicle instrument cluster for design validation using machine vision (2009)

This paper presents an advanced testing system, combining model-based testing and machine vision technologies, for automated design validation of a vehicle instrument cluster. In the system, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tester, supported by model-based approaches, simulates vehicle operations in real time and dynamically provides all essential signals to the instrument cluster under test. A machine vision system with advanced image processing algorithms is designed to inspect the visual displays. Experiments demonstrate that the system developed is accurate for measuring the pointer position, bar graph position, pointer angular velocity and indicator flash rate, and is highly robust for validating various functionalities including warning lights status, symbol and text displays. Moreover, the system developed greatly eases the task of tedious validation testing and makes onerous repeated tests possible.
Low Temperature CO2 Reforming with Methane Reaction over CeO2-Modified Ni@SiO2 Catalysts (2020)

Developing high performance catalysts for the low temperature CO<sub>2</sub> reforming with methane (CRM) reaction is a challenge due to the occurrences of metal sintering and carbon deposition. In this study, we synthesized CeO<sub>2</sub> modified Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts with excellent properties of sintering-resistance and low carbon deposition for high performance low temperature CRM. The Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts displayed a size effect from tiny Ni nanoparticles to enhance CRM performance and a confinement effect from silica encapsulation to limit Ni sintering and exhibited oxygen storage capacity from ceria to reduce carbon deposition. Performance and characterization results revealed that the Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub>-W catalyst with smaller ceria size exhibited higher performance and lower carbon deposition than the Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub>-E catalyst with bigger ceria size, because the smaller ceria nanoparticles activated more CO<sub>2</sub>. This work provided a simple strategy to deposit small sized ceria on the Ni@SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst surface for the performance enhancement of low temperature CRM.
Noninvasive mapping of endothelial dysfunction in myocardial ischemia by magnetic resonance imaging using an albumin‐based contrast agent (2016)

Noninvasive preclinical methods for the characterization of myocardial vascular function are crucial to an understanding of the dynamics of ischemic cardiac disease. Ischemic heart disease is associated with myocardial endothelial dysfunction, resulting in leakage of plasma albumin into the extravascular space. These features can be harnessed in a novel noninvasive three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging method to measure fractional blood volume (fBV) and vascular permeability (permeability-surface area product, PS) using labeled albumin as a blood pool contrast agent. C57BL/6 mice were imaged before and 3 days after myocardial infarction (MI). Following the quantification of endogenous myocardial R<sub>1</sub> , the dynamics of intravenously injected albumin-based contrast agent, extravasating from permeable myocardial blood vessels, were tracked on short-axis magnetic resonance images of the entire heart. This study successfully discriminated between infarcted and remote regions at 3 days post-infarct, based on a reduced fBV and increased PS in the infarcted region. These findings were confirmed using ex vivo fluorescence imaging and histology. We have demonstrated a novel method to quantify blood volume and permeability in the infarcted myocardium, providing an imaging biomarker for the assessment of endothelial dysfunction. This method has the potential to three-dimensionally visualize subtle changes in myocardial permeability and to track endothelial function for longitudinal cardiac studies determining pathophysiological processes during infarct healing.