gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-directionality fiber-chip grating coupler with interleaved trenches and subwavelength index-matching structure (2015)

We present the first experimental demonstration of a new fiber-chip grating coupler concept that exploits the blazing effect by interleaving the standard full (220 nm) and shallow etch (70 nm) trenches in a 220 nm thick silicon layer. The high directionality is obtained by controlling the separation between the deep and shallow trenches to achieve constructive interference in the upward direction and destructive interference toward the silicon substrate. Utilizing this concept, the grating directionality can be maximized independent of the bottom oxide thickness. The coupler also includes a subwavelength-engineered index-matching region, designed to reduce the reflectivity at the interface between the injection waveguide and the grating. We report a measured fiber-chip coupling efficiency of -1.3 dB, the highest coupling efficiency achieved to date for a surface grating coupler in a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator platform fabricated in a conventional dual-etch process without high-index overlays or bottom mirrors.
Nonlinear Time-discrete Systems: A General Approach by Nonlinear Superposition (1982)

1. Automata - definitions and notations.- 2. Linear automata.- 3. Automata superponable with respect to pairs of operations.- 4. Automata superponable with respect to pairs of automata.- 5. Invariant relations of automata.
Molecular typing of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo isolates from leptospirosis outbreaks in Brazilian livestock (2017)

This study provides evidence that L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo subtype Hardjoprajitno causes bovine leptospirosis in Brazilian production. The molecular results suggested that rfb locus (ORF22 and ORF36) could improve epidemiological studies by allowing the identification of Leptospira spp. at the serogroup level. Additionally, the IS1500 and IS1533 IS copy number analysis suggested distinct genomic features among closely related leptospiral strains.
Cloning, characterization, and DNA base sequence of the high-level streptomycin resistance gene strA1 of Haemophilus influenzae Rd (1992)

The high-level streptomycin resistance strA1 gene of Haemophilus influenzae Rd was cloned in plasmid pAT4 as a 2.1-kbp EcoRI insert. It was later replaced in pAT4 by the wild-type strA+ gene. Plasmid pAT4 carrying the strA+ gene is highly unstable and renders chromosomally resistant recipients sensitive to streptomycin. The strA+ gene and the instability factor both reside on a 500-base HindIII-EcoRI subfragment. The two biological activities are also expressed in Escherichia coli. Both wild-type (strA+) and mutant (strA1) genes were sequenced. They show considerable nucleotide homology with the E. coli strA+ gene and its product.
Molding of three dimensional microstructures by the LIGA process (1992)

The authors report that the use of a resist layer, which can be structurized either by plastic molding or by deep-etch X-ray lithography, in addition to the LIGA process allows the fabrication of stepped microstructures. This technique is based on the combination of a high-molecular base layer made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with an internal adhesion promoter and a low-molecular PMMA, which is suitable for the molding of microstructures due to the addition of an internal mold release agent. This resist system is applied to produce stepped microstructures on the basis of which mold inserts are manufactured by means of electroforming. Using these mold inserts, the molding of stepped LIGA structures of PMMA and of LIGA structures of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was carried out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease of long duration: Clinicopathological characteristics, transmissibility, and differential diagnosis (1984)

Five to 10% of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease have a clinical course that extends for 2 years or more. In the present series 33 (9%) of 357 histopathologically verified cases, including 15 (7%) of 225 transmitted cases, fell into this long-duration category, the longest transmitted case having had a 13-year duration. As a group these cases were characterized by a higher familial representation (30%), a younger age at onset (average, 48 years), and lower frequencies of myoclonus (79%) and periodic electroencephalographic activity (45%) than occur in series of unselected cases. The clinical course most often showed a long, very slowly progressive first stage, with symptoms limited to intellectual deterioration or behavioral abnormalities, followed by a shorter, rapidly progressive terminal stage with both mental and physical deterioration. Although transmission of disease by primate inoculation was less successful in this group of long-duration cases (64%) than in cases of shorter duration (88%), incubation periods and durations of illness in the inoculated animals bore no relation to the duration of illness in the patients. Clinical differentiation from other chronic dementing processes, particularly Alzheimer's disease, can prove impossible; however, the correct pathological diagnosis was readily evident by light microscopic examination, and spongiosis was at least as prominent as gliosis in all but 4 (15%) of the 27 patients studied postmortem, the same frequency found in case series not selected for length of illness.
CRAWDAD dataset tools/analyze/pcap/WScout (v. 2010-01-13) (2010)

WScout provides a PCAP traces visualizer that is able to work with huge traces (&gt;10 GiB). Its goals are speed and low memory requirements. Despite its design being protocol-agnostic, it currently handles only Prism and IEEE 802.11 headers, hence its name.
[Molecular modification and highly efficient expression of L-asparaginase from Rhizomucor miehei]. (2021)

L-asparaginase hydrolyzes L-asparagine to produce L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It is widely distributed in microorganisms, plants and serum of some rodents, and has important applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. However, the poor thermal stability, low catalytic efficiency and low yield hampered the further application of L-asparaginase. In this paper, rational design and 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) design strategies were used to increase the specific enzyme activity and protein expression of L-asparaginase derived from Rhizomucor miehei (RmAsnase). The results showed that among the six mutants constructed through homology modeling combined with sequence alignment, the specific enzyme activity of the mutant A344E was 1.5 times higher than the wild type. Subsequently, a food-safe strain Bacillus subtilis 168/pMA5-A344E was constructed, and the UTR strategy was used for the construction of recombinant strain B. subtilis 168/pMA5 UTR-A344E. The enzyme activity of B. subtilis 168/pMA5 UTR-A344E was 7.2 times higher than that of B. subtilis 168/pMA5-A344E. The recombinant strain B. subtilis 168/pMA5 UTR-A344E was scaled up in 5 L fermenter, and the final yield of L-asparaginase was 489.1 U/mL, showing great potential for industrial application.
Study of the heterogeneous matching potential between 3D lidar point clouds and 2D SAL images (2017)

This research aims to design a new matching approach between terrestrial LiDAR (Light detection and Ranging) data and Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL) images. SAL is the extension of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) to much shorter wavelengths, thus providing higher resolution. SAL acquires 2D images that are continuous representations of an environment during day and night times. LiDAR is commonly used to produce 3D maps with a high level of detail. This technology acquires scattered point clouds that result in object boundary indeterminations. In this context, using 2D SAL images could help better distinguish objects. Thus, SAL and LiDAR provide complementary data sets to have better detection capacity towards applications of cartography and urban monitoring.
Squaramate‐Modified Nucleotides and DNA for Specific Cross‐Linking with Lysine‐Containing Peptides and Proteins (2019)

Squaramate-linked 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-O-triphosphate was synthesized and found to be good substrate for KOD XL DNA polymerase in primer extension or PCR synthesis of modified DNA. The resulting squaramate-linked DNA reacts with primary amines to form a stable diamide linkage. This reaction was used for bioconjugations of DNA with Cy5 and Lys-containing peptides. Squaramate-linked DNA formed covalent cross-links with histone proteins. This reactive nucleotide has potential for other bioconjugations of nucleic acids with amines, peptides or proteins without need of any external reagent.
Adipocyte browning and resistance to obesity in mice is induced by expression of ATF3 (2019)

Billions of people have obesity-related metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Promoting the browning of white adipose tissue has been suggested as a potential strategy, but a drug still needs to be identified. Here, genetic deletion of activating transcription factor 3 (<i>ATF3</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> ) in mice under a high-fat diet (HFD) resulted in obesity and insulin resistance, which was abrogated by virus-mediated ATF3 restoration. ST32da, a synthetic ATF3 inducer isolated from <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>, promoted ATF3 expression to downregulate adipokine genes and induce adipocyte browning by suppressing the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 axis. Furthermore, ST32da increased white adipose tissue browning and reduced lipogenesis in HFD-induced obese mice. The anti-obesity efficacy of oral ST32da administration was similar to that of the clinical drug orlistat. Our study identified the ATF3 inducer ST32da as a promising therapeutic drug for treating diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Cost analysis of device options and scaling boosters below the A14 technology node (2023)

The saturation in dimensional scaling has clearly impacted the semiconductor technology roadmap. The extension of patterning cliffs through new tools and multi-patterning lithography, as well as the introduction of innovative scaling boosters is helping in optimally scaling the Power-Performance-Area (PPA) metrics. However, because of the increase in the process complexity and reduced area benefits, manufacturing cost is increasing. Therefore, moving to a PPA-Cost (PPAC) methodology to monitor and analyze the cost of a technology is becoming increasingly necessary.
Influence of 3D Printed Topological Structure on Lightweight Mullite Load Bearing Board in Thermal Environment (2020)

In order to achieve the purpose of resource and energy saving in the process of producing ceramics products, the hollow lightweight load bearing board in thermal environment with topological structures was made by 3D printing. In this study, the load bearing board manufactured with different topological structures such as vertical grid, oblique square grid, and honeycomb grid was printed by direct ink writing technology using the same raw material of kaolin clay and α ‐Al 2 O 3 powder. The three kinds of samples were sintered at 1450°C × 3 h. The effect of printed structures on mechanical property of load bearing board samples was investigated. Moreover, the finite element simulation was used to study the stress distribution of the load bearing board. Comparing with results obtained by three kinds of samples, honeycomb grid supported samples proved to be the most appropriate structure in various directions comprehensively.
Hydroxytelechelic hydrocarbon copolymers with high aging resistance for elastomeric materials (2010)

Abstract Dihydroxytelechelic copolyalkenamers were prepared via metathetical polymerization of cyclic olefins (cyclooctadiene, cyclooctene and cyclododecene) in presence of first generation Grubbs catalyst and butene diacetate as functionalizing chain transfer agent in order to study their aging resistance. The influence of compositions and molar masses of the copolyalkenamers were investigated in terms of thermo‐mechanical properties. Increasing chains length or the proportion of polycyclooctadiene allow to get non‐cristalline polymers. Low T g materials (between −78°C and −108°C) were prepared. The resistance towards oxidation of the different copolyalkenamers was carried out using a viscosity measurement method. A critical time, corresponding to a brutal increase of the apparent viscosity, was related to degradation of the polymers and was shown to be dependent on the Csp 2 proportion in the structure. The absence of vinylic units and the decrease of the double bonds content within the copolymers were proved to enhance the stability of the copolyalkenamers towards aging resistance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Relationship between Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Visual Field Progression in Patients with Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (2020)

Decreased levels of TAS and SOD as well as increased levels of MDA at baseline were associated with VF progression in patients with PACG. These findings suggest that oxidative stress was involved in the onset and development of PACG.
A mutant hemolysin with lower biological activity produced by a mutantVibrio parahaemolyticus (1989)

A mutant toxin (m-TDH) of thermostable direct hemolysin (Vp-TDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from the culture of a strain of this organism mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Although the m-TDH had a molecular structure similar to the native Vp-TDH, the m-TDH retained only about 7% residual hemolytic activity of the native toxin. Furthermore, other biological activities of m-TDH, such as lethality in mice and enterotoxicity in rabbit ileal loops, were also weakened. The m-TDH was immunologically indistinguishable from the native Vp-TDH. These results suggest that the m-TDH is only slightly different in structure from the native Vp-TDH. Also, the mutagenized site in m-TDH, which is not immunogenic, seems to be involved in expressing not only hemolytic activity but also lethal and enterotoxic activity.
Statistical process monitoring: basics and beyond (2003)

Abstract This paper provides an overview and analysis of statistical process monitoring methods for fault detection, identification and reconstruction. Several fault detection indices in the literature are analyzed and unified. Fault reconstruction for both sensor and process faults is presented which extends the traditional missing value replacement method. Fault diagnosis methods that have appeared recently are reviewed. The reconstruction‐based approach and the contribution‐based approach are analyzed and compared with simulation and industrial examples. The complementary nature of the reconstruction‐ and contribution‐based approaches is highlighted. An industrial example of polyester film process monitoring is given to demonstrate the power of the contribution‐ and reconstruction‐based approaches in a hierarchical monitoring framework. Finally we demonstrate that the reconstruction‐based framework provides a convenient way for fault analysis, including fault detectability, reconstructability and identifiability conditions, resolving many theoretical issues in process monitoring. Additional topics are summarized at the end of the paper for future investigation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Reverse Diffusion for Smooth Buildup of Progressivly Transmitted Geometry (2002)

In this paper we consider 3D object surfaces which can be represented as scalar functions defined on the sphere. These objects can be modeled as series of spherical harmonic functions. A simple progressive transmission scheme could be implemented which transmits the expansion coefficients one by one and thus implements a coarse to fine reconstruction. The buildup of the object according to this scheme is not completely smooth: Wavy patterns appear which disappear in subsequent stages and are replaced by finer spurious patterns and so on. We propose a remedy for this behavior which is based on the simulation of a reversed diffusion process on the sphere.
Patient data-based Monte Carlo simulation of in-beam single-ring OpenPET imaging (2015)

We are developing the OpenPET, which can provide an open space to make the patient accessible during positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. The OpenPET provides PET measurements during particle therapy such as carbon ion beam treatment, enabling visualization of the irradiation field of the patient as well as direct tumor tracking with a real-time imaging system. In the carbon ion beam treatment, positron emitters are produced by the fragmentation reactions. Therefore, by means of PET, it can be confirmed whether or not the dose distribution in the treatment plan and that in the actual irradiation are matched. In this study, we conducted Monte Carlo simulations based on clinical patient data for scanned <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> C ion beam irradiation to investigate the effectiveness of the OpenPET geometry compared with offline PET measurements. Production rates of the positron emitters were calculated based on the patient CT image and physical dose information in the treatment plan by the FLUKA code. The activity distribution averaged over the measurement time was calculated from the production rates by an analytical model including activity decay and biological washout effects. Annihilation gamma ray events from the activity distribution were simulated by the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. Activity distribution images were reconstructed by the list-mode maximum a posteriori ordered subset expectation maximization. As a result, we found the online OpenPET with a measurement time of 10 minutes could detect a similar number of list-mode data events as an offline PET with a measurement time of 30 minutes. Reconstructed images for the online OpenPET contained activity distribution not only around the distal edge but also at the entrance area of the irradiation field. The offline PET showed strong noise before the Bragg peak position. The simulation results showed that online OpenPET could achieve good quality of images with a short measurement time.
Multistage stochastic programs: The state-of-the-art and selected bibliography (1995)

The paper gives a brief introduction into the problems of multistage stochastic program ming with emphasis on the modeling issues (Section 2) and on the contemporary numerical advances (Section 3).Extensive classified bibliography is contained in the last Section.
“Fish stocks and recruitment”: the past thirty years (2000)

The last ICES Symposium on recruitment variability was held in Århus, Denmark, in the summer of 1970. The 1970 symposium brought together many important ideas on the topic. A contemporary perspective on recruitment variability is developed based on (1) the post-1970 accumulated record and (2) many of the ideas tabled in 1970. A brief review focuses on the multidecadal nature of recruitment variability and the fact that recruitment and its integral, stock size, often vary quite independently from fishing mortality, providing a strong implication that multidecadal changes in the environment are a major cause of recruitment variability. This evokes the old issue of the need to separate the effects of fishing from the effects of the environment. An important pathway leading to such a separation was suggested at the 1970 symposium. This pathway involved the notion that an understanding of recruitment variability required examining non-linear interactions among fish life-history stages. However, an intellectual tension between the need to examine life-history stages and the need to study factors affecting the mortality of fish larvae became apparent. These two approaches are now brought together by linking survival at the egg and early larval stage with fecundity. This generates a recruitment–stock curve that exhibits a collapsed and a non-collapsed phase and couples directly, in principle, with the physical structure of the environment.
Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. Part 14. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-substituted 6,8-difluoroquinolones, including sparfloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent with improved potency (1990)

A series of 5,7-disubstituted 1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-4(1H)-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids (10-36) were prepared; the C-5 substituent in these compounds comprised halo, hydroxy, mercapto, and amino groups and the C-7 functional group included variously substituted piperazines. In vitro antibacterial screening results indicated that the amino group was optimal among the C-5 substituents. A combination of the C-5 amino group and the C-7 3,5-dimethylpiperazinyl appendage in this series conferred the best overall antibacterial property with lack of adverse drug interactions. Compound 36k [named sparfloxacin, originally AT-4140, 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)- 4(1H)-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid] was superior to ciprofloxacin in both in vitro and in vivo potency and hence was selected as a promising candidate for an improved therapeutic agent.
INPP5E controls ciliary localization of phospholipids and the odor response in olfactory sensory neurons (2021)

The lipid composition of the primary cilia membrane is emerging as a critical regulator of cilia formation, maintenance and function. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the phosphoinositide 5'-phosphatase gene Inpp5e, mutation of which is causative of Joubert syndrome, in terminally developed mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), leads to a dramatic remodeling of ciliary phospholipids that is accompanied by marked elongation of cilia. Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], which is normally restricted to the proximal segment redistributed to the entire length of cilia in Inpp5e knockout mice with a reduction in phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] and elevation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] in the dendritic knob. The redistribution of phosphoinositides impaired odor adaptation, resulting in less efficient recovery and altered inactivation kinetics of the odor-evoked electrical response and the odor-induced elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+. Gene replacement of Inpp5e through adenoviral expression restored the ciliary localization of PI(4,5)P2 and odor response kinetics in OSNs. Our findings support the role of phosphoinositides as a modulator of the odor response and in ciliary biology of native multi-ciliated OSNs.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of magnetic materials using a non-destructive method (2001)

A magnetic-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method, which employs Barkhausen effect and measurement of hysteresis loops, is developed and used to correlate the magnetic and mechanical properties in ultra low carbon (ULC) steel. The NDE test equipment offers the capability to detect small deviations from linearity that occur in the stress-strain curve well below the 0.2% offset strain. Results show that three properties extracted from the experimental results, jumpsum and jumpsum rate (derived from the Barkhausen spectrum), and differential permeability (derived from the B-H loops), vary sensitively with small deformations well below the 0.2% offset strain in ULC steels; however coercivity is a slowly varying function of small applied strains.