gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological reactivity of human epicardial coronary arteries: characterization of relaxation responses to endothelium‐derived relaxing factor (1994)

1. Human epicardial coronary artery rings, freshly obtained from cardiac transplant patients, were examined for their responses to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)-releasing agents. 2. Functional antagonism profoundly influenced relaxation responses in this tissue. Increasing force with concentrations of U46619 above 3 nM (40% of maximum contraction response) resulted in a reduction of the maximum response to four vasorelaxants which relax vascular smooth muscle via different mechanisms: the EDRF-releasing agents, substance P and bradykinin; the endothelium-independent nitro-vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP); and the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline. 3. Substance P, histamine, bradykinin and the Ca2+ ionophores ionomycin and A23187 all caused concentration- and endothelium-dependent relaxation in vessels pre-contracted with the thromboxane A2-mimetic, U46619 (3 nM) to an active force optimal for relaxation responses. Nifedipine (0.1 microM), added to prevent spontaneous contractions, had no effect or relaxation responses to substance P, bradykinin and histamine. 4. Substance P was the most potent of the EDRF-releasing agents examined and all agents except for bradykinin caused near-maximal relaxation. Bradykinin caused only 46.2% +/- 7.3% relaxation. Responses were abolished when the endothelium was removed and, except for histamine, were not significantly affected by indomethacin (3-10 microM, P > 0.05). Histamine (0.1-10 microM) caused a concentration-dependent contraction of arterial rings without endothelium. 5. The L-arginine analogues NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 0.1 mM) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 0.1 mM) both caused no further contraction in arteries precontracted with U46619 (3 nM) and were in general, poor inhibitors of responses to EDRF agonists. L-NMMA, but not L-NOARG,caused small but significant decreases in the maximum responses to substance P, bradykinin (18.5 +/- 6.9% and 27.6 +/- 10.9% relaxation with L-NMMA and L-NOARG, respectively), histamine and A23187 (P<0.05). The analogues had no effect on SNP responses.6. In conclusion, EDRF release in human isolated coronary artery is only poorly antagonized by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L-NOARG and L-NMMA. These results indicate that either the nitricoxide transduction pathway present in human coronary artery is different from that in other tissues or that another factor(s) (e.g. endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is also released in response to EDRF-releasing agents and augments the relaxation to nitric oxide.
Detection and Quantification of Superoxide Formed within the Periplasm of Escherichia coli (2006)

Many gram-negative bacteria harbor a copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in their periplasms. In pathogenic bacteria, one role of this enzyme may be to protect periplasmic biomolecules from superoxide that is released by host phagocytic cells. However, the enzyme is also present in many nonpathogens and/or free-living bacteria, including Escherichia coli. In this study we were able to detect superoxide being released into the medium from growing cultures of E. coli. Exponential-phase cells do not normally synthesize CuZnSOD, which is specifically induced in stationary phase. However, the engineered expression of CuZnSOD in growing cells eliminated superoxide release, confirming that this superoxide was formed within the periplasm. The rate of periplasmic superoxide production was surprisingly high and approximated the estimated rate of cytoplasmic superoxide formation when both were normalized to the volume of the compartment. The rate increased in proportion to oxygen concentration, suggesting that the superoxide is generated by the adventitious oxidation of an electron carrier. Mutations that eliminated menaquinone synthesis eradicated the superoxide formation, while mutations in genes encoding respiratory complexes affected it only insofar as they are likely to affect the redox state of menaquinone. We infer that the adventitious autoxidation of dihydromenaquinone in the cytoplasmic membrane releases a steady flux of superoxide into the periplasm of E. coli. This endogenous superoxide may create oxidative stress in that compartment and be a primary substrate of CuZnSOD.
Epitaxial growth of YBCO thin films on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrates by pulsed laser deposition (1999)

Superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) thin films were deposited on CeO/sub 2/ buffered Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (alumina and sapphire) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Superconducting properties of the c-axis YBCO films on these substrates were greatly affected by the growth orientation of CeO/sub 2/ buffer layer. The critical temperature of YBCO film on alumina substrate was /spl sim/83 K. In the case of single crystal substrates, the critical temperature of YBCO thin film was /spl sim/89.5 K, and the critical current density was 1.5/spl times/10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K.
Decision letter: Neurotoxin-mediated potent activation of the axon degeneration regulator SARM1 (2021)

The identification of the mechanism of action of vacor, an environmental neurotoxin which causes neurodegeneration by activating the pro-degenerative enzyme SARM1, raises important questions on SARM1 as a mediator of environmental neurotoxicity and has implications for drug discovery.
Optical properties of InP self-assembled quantum dots studied by imaging and single dot spectroscopy (2002)

The temperature dependent optical properties of InP self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) were investigated by means of micro-spectroscopy. Successive thermal quenching with increasing temperature was clearly observed. A few QDs, however, showed anomalous temperature dependence with the photoluminescence (PL) intensity recovering when the temperature was raised beyond a certain value. This phenomenon is explained by competition between radiative and nonradiative processes. In this work, the mechanism of blinking behavior was also studied. Notably, the micro-PL spectra of a blinking QD were artificially reproduced by applying an electric field to a normal QD. We concluded that the blinking is due to the trapping and delocalization of carriers at localized states near the QD. These results indicate that the optical properties of the zero-dimensional system are strongly influenced by the local environment surrounding the QDs.
A novel, automated method for measuring mitral valve annular velocity from standard cine TrueFISP data - a feasibility study (2011)

A novel method for determining a correlate of Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) parameters from cine TrueFisp data. Using the velocity of automatically identified and tracked landmarks,time/velocity data and hence s', e' and a' can be derived.
ULA-OP 256: A 256-Channel Open Scanner for Development and Real-Time Implementation of New Ultrasound Methods (2016)

Open scanners offer an increasing support to the ultrasound researchers who are involved in the experimental test of novel methods. Each system presents specific performance in terms of number of channels, flexibility, processing power, data storage capability, and overall dimensions. This paper reports the design criteria and hardware/software implementation details of a new 256-channel ultrasound advanced open platform. This system is organized in a modular architecture, including multiple front-end boards, interconnected by a high-speed (80 Gb/s) ring, capable of finely controlling all transmit (TX) and receive (RX) signals. High flexibility and processing power (equivalent to 2500 GFLOP) are guaranteed by the possibility of individually programming multiple digital signal processors and field programmable gate arrays. Eighty GB of on-board memory are available for the storage of prebeamforming, postbeamforming, and baseband data. The use of latest generation devices allowed to integrate all needed electronics in a small size ( 34 cm ×30 cm ×26 cm). The system implements a multiline beamformer that allows obtaining images of 96 lines by 2048 depths at a frame rate of 720 Hz (expandable to 3000 Hz). The multiline beamforming capability is also exploited to implement a real-time vector Doppler scheme in which a single TX and two independent RX apertures are simultaneously used to maintain the analysis over a full pulse repetition frequency range.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF POLYENES VIA PHOSPHONIUM YLIDS (1979)

Abstract Review: Bericht über einen Vortrag, der auf dem "Fifth Intemational Symposium on Carotenoids" in Madison, USA, vom 23.7.‐28.7.1978 gehalten wurde.
Assessment of the polarisation loss dependence of transoceanic systems using a recirculating loop (1993)

Preliminary results on the effect of polarisation loss on the performance of transoceanic systems are presented. Data transmission on the lowest loss polarisation state resulted in a 2.5 Gbit/s noise limited system performance to 20000 km. However, introducing a polarisation dependent loss (PDL) of 0.125 dB per span resulted in a 10−5 BER floor at 6000 km.
What are race conditions? (1992)

In shared-memory parallel programs that use explicit synchronization, race conditions result when accesses to shared memory are not properly synchronized. Race conditions are often considered to be manifestations of bugs, since their presence can cause the program to behave unexpectedly. Unfortunately, there has been little agreement in the literature as to precisely what constitutes a race condition. Two different notions have been implicitly considered: one pertaining to programs intended to be deterministic (which we call general races ) and the other to nondeterministic programs containing critical sections (which we call data races ). However, the differences between general races and data races have not yet been recognized. This paper examines these differences by characterizing races using a formal model and exploring their properties. We show that two variations of each type of race exist: feasible general races and data races capture the intuitive notions desired for debugging and apparent races capture less accurate notions implicitly assumed by most dynamic race detection methods. We also show that locating feasible races is an NP-hard problem, implying that only the apparent races, which are approximations to feasible races, can be detected in practice. The complexity of dynamically locating apparent races depends on the type of synchronization used by the program. Apparent races can be exhaustively located efficiently only for weak types of synchronization that are incapable of implementing mutual exclusion. This result has important implications since we argue that debugging general races requires exhaustive race detection and is inherently harder than debugging data races (which requires only partial race detection). Programs containing data races can therefore be efficiently debugged by locating certain easily identifiable races. In contrast, programs containing general races require more complex debugging techniques.
Kaufman thruster development at Lewis Research Center (1971)

The current status of research programs on mercury electron bombardment thrusters is reviewed. Future thruster requirements predicted from mission analysis are briefly discussed to establish the relationship with present programs. Thrusters ranging in size from 5 to 150 cm diameter are described. These thrusters have possible near to far term applications extending from stationkeeping to primary propulsion. Beam currents range from 10 mA at to 25 A at accelerating potentials of 500 to 5000 V.
Prevention of Retinal Vessel Changes Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in Galactose-Fed Dogs by Aldose Reductase Inhibitors (1990)

Vascular changes associated with early diabetic retinopathy that include the selective degeneration of pericytes, the formation of microaneurysms and acellular capillaries, and vessel dilation have been experimentally investigated in age- and sex-matched beagle dogs fed a 30% galactose diet and treated with or without the aldose reductase inhibitors sorbinil and/or M79175. Eyes from dogs in each group were periodically enucleated during a 36-month period and their retinal capillaries were examined as trypsin-digested flat preparations. These studies reveal that the destruction of retinal pericytes to form pericyte ghosts is the earliest observable retinal vessel change occurring after 19 to 21 months of galactose feeding. By 24 months, both an irregular distribution of endothelial cell nuclei near pericyte ghosts and the presence of acellular capillaries containing neither endothelial cells nor pericytes can be observed. This was followed by the histologic appearance of microaneurysms after 27 months and the funduscopic appearance of intraretinal hemorrhages after 33 months. Varicose enlargements of capillaries were also observed in the trypsin-digested preparations from dogs fed galactose for 33 to 36 months. All of these changes are linked to the initial aldose reductase-associated destruction of pericytes. The onset and progression of these retinal changes were retarded in a dose-dependent manner with aldose reductase inhibitors.
Resonance problems for the one-dimensional 𝑝-Laplacian (1999)

We consider resonance problems for the one dimensional <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -Laplacian, and prove the existence of solutions assuming a standard Landesman-Lazer condition. Our proofs use variational techniques to characterize the eigenvalues, and then to establish the solvability of the given boundary value problem.
Osmotic regulation and tissue localization of the myo‐inositol biosynthesis pathway in tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) larvae (1182.6) (2014)

The myo‐inositol biosynthesis (MIB) pathway converts glucose‐6‐phosphate to the compatible osmolyte myo‐inositol (MI), which protects cells from osmotic stress. We exposed tilapia larvae just after yolk sac resorption to various hypersaline environments and recorded robust induction of the enzymes that constitute the MIB pathway, myo‐inositol‐phosphate synthase (MIPS) and inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1). Strong up‐regulation of these enzymes is evident at both mRNA (quantitative real‐time PCR) and protein (densitometric analysis of Western Blots) levels. The highest level of induction of MIB enzymes occurs at the highest salinity that larvae were exposed to (90ppt). Less severe osmotic stress causes proportionally lesser induction of the MIB pathway. Two distinct MIPS mRNA variants are present in tilapia larvae and both are induced at comparable levels for all the salinity challenges (34, 70 and 90ppt). Immunohistochemical localization of IMPA1 protein in sagittal sections of salinity stressed and control larvae identified tissues that are particularly potent in inducing the MIB pathway. These tissues include the skin, gills, eye (retina) and heart. We conclude that the MIB pathway plays an important role in protecting larval stages of tilapia from hyperosmotic stress. Therefore, tilapia larvae represent excellent in vivo models for studying physiological mechanisms by which the MIB pathway is regulated. Supported by NSF grant IOS‐1049780. Grant Funding Source : NSF IOS‐1049780
Synthesis and mesomorphic behaviour of novel light‐emitting liquid crystals (2005)

We report the results of a systematic study of the structure–mesomorphic behaviour relationships of a diverse range of light‐emitting liquid crystals, but especially nematic 2,7‐disubstituted‐9,9‐dialkylfluorenes. The dependence of the mesomorphic behaviour and transition temperatures on the nature and length of the terminal chains, the nature, position and number of lateral substituents and the number and nature of aromatic rings with and without heteroatoms in the central core is studied. The results of these studies are used to design polymerizable, light‐emitting crystals (reactive mesogens) with a nematic phase having a high clearing point and a melting point below room temperature for facile OLED fabrication.
Multiple & single document summarization using DR-LINK (1996)

Our Tipster Phase III research objective for the Summarization task is to produce a single summary across multiple documents returned from a search on an information retrieval system. An established set of metrics to evaluate the performance of our system is not available in this field at present, so this research is also developing a procedure to evaluate the summaries we create. We hope to uncover useful metrics and evaluation variables that can be used by others working in this area.
Role of Energy Storage with Renewable Electricity Generation (Report Summary) (2010)

Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, have vast potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions in the electric sector. Climate change concerns, state initiatives including renewable portfolio standards, and consumer efforts are resulting in increased deployments of both technologies. Both solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind energy have variable and uncertain (sometimes referred to as "intermittent") output, which are unlike the dispatchable sources used for the majority of electricity generation in the United States. The variability of these sources has led to concerns regarding the reliability of an electric grid that derives a large fraction of its energy from these sources as well as the cost of reliably integrating large amounts of variable generation into the electric grid. In this report, we explore the role of energy storage in the electricity grid, focusing on the effects of large-scale deployment of variable renewable sources (primarily wind and solar energy).
Compared to Intermittant Claudication Critical Limb Ischemia Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Cytokines (2016)

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and associated with an extremely poor clinical outcome. In order to understand the possible role of circulating cytokines and poor outcome associated with CLI we compared the circulating cytokine profile of patients with CLI against patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The levels of 48 circulating cytokines were examined in 226 consecutive patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) admitted for elective, non-urgent, invasive treatment of IC or CLI. The PAD patient cohort was evenly distributed between subjects with IC (46.5%) and CLI (53.5%). As accustomed in PAD, CLI was associated with higher age, chronic kidney disease and diabetes when compared to IC (P < 0.01 for all). In multivariable linear regression modeling taking into account the baseline differences between IC and CLI groups CLI was independently associated with elevated levels of a large number of cytokines: IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2Rα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, G-CSF (P < 0.01 for all), and IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, bFGF, VEGF, SCGF-β (P < 0.05 for all). The current findings indicate that CLI is associated with a circulating cytokine profile, which resembles serious medical conditions such as severe pancreatitis, sepsis, or even cancer. Compared to IC, CLI is a systemic inflammatory condition, which may explain the extremely poor outcome associated with it.
Numerical study of currents in occupational workers induced by body-motion around high-ultrahigh field MRI magnets (2007)

In modern MRI, occupational workers are exposed to strong, non-uniform static magnetic fields generated by the main superconducting magnet. Previous studies have indicated that movement of the body through these fields can stimulate in situ electric fields/ current densities approaching physiological significance. The relationship between the magnetic field pattern/strength and the current distribution/level induced in the body is not well understood. This paper presents numerical evaluations of electric fields/currents in tissue-equivalent, whole-body male and female human models (occupational workers) at various positions and a variety of normalized body motions around three superconducting magnets with central field strengths of 1.5T, 4T and 7T. Possible correlations between the magnetic field characteristics and the induced current density distribution are described and simulations show that it is possible to induce electric fields/current densities above the ICNIRP and IEEE safety standards when the worker is moving very close to the magnets.
LeapIO: Efficient and Portable Virtual NVMe Storage on ARM SoCs (2020)

Today's cloud storage stack is extremely resource hungry, burning 10-20% of datacenter x86 cores, a major "storage tax" that cloud providers must pay. Yet, the complex cloud storage stack is not completely offload-ready to today's IO accelerators. We present LeapIO, a new cloud storage stack that leverages ARM-based co-processors to offload complex storage services. LeapIO addresses many deployment challenges, such as hardware fungibility, software portability, virtualizability, composability, and efficiency. It uses a set of OS/software techniques and new hardware properties that provide a uniform address space across the x86 and ARM cores and expose virtual NVMe storage to unmodified guest VMs, at a performance that is competitive with bare-metal servers. CCS Concepts.
Reversible CO2Fixation by Iridium(I) Complexes Containing Me2PhP as Ligand (2010)

The iridium(I) complexes [IrCl(Me2PhP)3] (1), [Ir(Me2PhP)4]Cl (2), [Ir(Me2PhP)4]I (3), and [Ir(Me2PhP)4]PF6 (4) are prepared from the iridium(I) precursors [IrX(coe)2]2 (X = Cl, I). Complex 1 reacts reversibly with CO2 to form the metallacyclic compound [IrCl(C2O4-κ2C,O)(Me2PhP)3] (5), which was characterized by NMR and IR measurements as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, [mer-Ir(Cl)2(H)(Me2PhP)3] (6) and [mer-Ir(CO3)(H)(Me2PhP)3] (7) are formed as side products from water present in the used CO2 and the solvents. Compound 2 yields similar results. When the iodo compound 3 is used, the cationic compound [Ir(I)(H)(Me2PhP)4]+I− (9) is formed as one of the products. Molecular structures of 1, 2, 5, and 9 are presented.
PTTG1 Attenuates Drug-Induced Cellular Senescence (2011)

As PTTG1 (pituitary tumor transforming gene) abundance correlates with adverse outcomes in cancer treatment, we determined mechanisms underlying this observation by assessing the role of PTTG1 in regulating cell response to anti-neoplastic drugs. HCT116 cells devoid of PTTG1 (PTTG1(-/-)) exhibited enhanced drug sensitivity as assessed by measuring BrdU incorporation in vitro. Apoptosis, mitosis catastrophe or DNA damage were not detected, but features of senescence were observed using low doses of doxorubicin and TSA. The number of drug-induced PTTG1(-/-) senescent cells increased ∼4 fold as compared to WT PTTG1-replete cells (p<0.001). p21, an important regulator of cell senescence, was induced ∼3 fold in HCT116 PTTG1(-/-) cells upon doxorubicin or Trichostatin A treatment. Binding of Sp1, p53 and p300 to the p21 promoter was enhanced in PTTG1(-/-) cells after treatment, suggesting transcriptional regulation of p21. p21 knock down abrogated the observed senescent effects of these drugs, indicating that PTTG1 likely suppresses p21 to regulate drug-induced senescence. PTTG1 also regulated SW620 colon cancer cells response to doxorubicin and TSA mediated by p21. Subcutaneously xenografted PTTG1(-/-) HCT116 cells developed smaller tumors and exhibited enhanced responses to doxorubicin. PTTG1(-/-) tumor tissue derived from excised tumors exhibited increased doxorubicin-induced senescence. As senescence is a determinant of cell responses to anti-neoplastic treatments, these findings suggest PTTG1 as a tumor cell marker to predict anti-neoplastic treatment outcomes.