gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-World Product Deployment of Adaptive Push Notification Scheduling on Smartphones (2019)

The limited attentional resource of users is a bottleneck to delivery of push notifications in today's mobile and ubiquitous computing environments. Adaptive mobile notification scheduling, which detects opportune timings based on mobile sensing and machine learning, has been proposed as a way of alleviating this problem. However, it is still not clear if such adaptive notifications are effective in a large-scale product deployment with real-world situations and configurations, such as users' context changes, personalized content in notifications, and sudden external factors that users commonly experience (such as breaking news). In this paper, we construct a new interruptibility estimation and adaptive notification scheduling with redesigned technical components. From the deploy study of the system to the real product stack of Yahoo! JAPAN Android application and evaluation with 382,518 users for 28 days, we confirmed several significant results, including the maximum 60.7% increase in the users' click rate, 10 times more gain compared to the previous system, significantly better gain in the personalized notification content, and unexpectedly better performance in a situation with exceptional breaking news notifications. With these results, the proposed system has officially been deployed and enabled to all the users of Yahoo! JAPAN product environment where more than 10 million Android app users are enjoying its benefit.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury (2011)

Different forms of NBS techniques harbor the promise of diagnostic and therapeutic utility, particularly to guide processes of cortical reorganization and enable functional restoration in TBI. Future lines of safety research and well-designed clinical trials in TBI are warranted to determine the capability of NBS to promote recovery and minimize disability.
Investigating linguistic knowledge in a maximum entropy token-based language model (2007)

We present a novel language model capable of incorporating various types of linguistic information as encoded in the form of a token, a (word, label)-tuple. Using tokens as hidden states, our model is effectively a hidden Markov model (HMM) producing sequences of words with trivial output distributions. The transition probabilities, however, are computed using a maximum entropy model to take advantage of potentially overlapping features. We investigated different types of labels with a wide range of linguistic implications. These models outperform Kneser-Ney smoothed n-gram models both in terms of perplexity on standard datasets and in terms of word error rate for a large vocabulary speech recognition system.
Carcinogenic adducts induce distinct DNA polymerase binding orientations (2013)

DNA polymerases must accurately replicate DNA to maintain genome integrity. Carcinogenic adducts, such as 2-aminofluorene (AF) and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF), covalently bind DNA bases and promote mutagenesis near the adduct site. The mechanism by which carcinogenic adducts inhibit DNA synthesis and cause mutagenesis remains unclear. Here, we measure interactions between a DNA polymerase and carcinogenic DNA adducts in real-time by single-molecule fluorescence. We find the degree to which an adduct affects polymerase binding to the DNA depends on the adduct location with respect to the primer terminus, the adduct structure and the nucleotides present in the solution. Not only do the adducts influence the polymerase dwell time on the DNA but also its binding position and orientation. Finally, we have directly observed an adduct- and mismatch-induced intermediate state, which may be an obligatory step in the DNA polymerase proofreading mechanism.
Morphology of long‐term denervated rat soleus muscle and the effect of chronic electrical stimulation. (1991)

1. Rat soleus muscles were denervated for 6-10 months; some of these were chronically stimulated for the last 3-8 weeks before recording. The muscles were fixed at physiological lengths and embedded in epoxy resin. 2. Sections for light microscopy were stained with p-phenylenediamine. Denervation reduced the mean cross-sectional area of fibres to 3% of controls (peak at 20 microns2). The cross-sectional areas of the stimulated fibres had a peak at 70 microns 2. In light micrographs of denervated muscles, the total number of fibres appeared to be reduced; however not all fibres could be identified (see paragraph (3)). 3. In the electron microscope, many fibres showed disarrayed myofilaments. Few fibres had more or less normal cross-striations. Muscle fibres as small as 1 micron in diameter were seen. The smallest fibres did not contain myofilaments. Some unequivocally necrotic fibres were seen. 4. Most stimulated denervated fibres showed an almost normal sarcomere pattern. Scattered throughout the muscle were single fibres as small as 2 microns in diameter, but these were well organized and could be recognized in the light microscope. Few fibres were necrotic. Often fibres were serially arranged. Satellite cells were prominent. 5. It is concluded that in long-term denervated rat soleus the original fibres are lost and those seen are the result of repeated cycles of regeneration and necrosis. Stimulation maintains the sarcomeres and probably prevents secondary degeneration and necrosis.
Line Transversals of Convex Polyhedra in ℝ3 (2009)

We establish a bound of O(n2k1+∊), for any ∊ > 0, on the combinatorial complexity of the set Ƭ of line transversals of a collection of k convex polyhedra in ℝ3 with a total of n facets, and present a randomized algorithm which computes the boundary of Ƭ in comparable expected time. Thus, when k ≪ n, the new bounds on the complexity (and construction cost) of Ƭ improve upon the previously best known bounds, which are nearly cubic in n. To obtain the above result, we study the set Ƭℓ0 of line transversals which emanate from a fixed line ℓ0, establish an almost tight bound of O(nk1+∊) on the complexity of Ƭℓ0, and provide a randomized algorithm which computes Ƭℓ0 in comparable expected time. Slightly improved combinatorial bounds for the complexity of Ƭℓ0, and comparable improvements in the cost of constructing this set, are established for two special cases, both assuming that the polyhedra of are pairwise disjoint: the case where ℓ0 is disjoint from the polyhedra of , and the case where the polyhedra of are unbounded in a direction parallel to ℓ0.
Optimization of Electrostatic Adhesives for Robotic Climbing and Manipulation (2012)

This paper investigates the optimization of electrode geometry in electrostatic adhesives to enhance adhesion forces for use in robotic climbing and gripping applications. Electrostatic adhesion provides an attachment mechanism that is both controllable and effective over a wide range of surfaces including conductive, semi-conductive, and insulating materials. The adhesives function by utilizing a set of high voltage electrodes that generate an electric field. This electric field polarizes the substrate material, thus generating an adhesion force. Optimizing the geometry of these conductive electrodes provides enhanced adhesion forces that increase attachment robustness. To accomplish this, FEA software was used to evaluate the generated electric field for a given electrode configuration. A range of electrode widths and gap sizes were evaluated to find the optimal configuration. These findings were compared with experimental results for different pad geometries over a range of surface types. Experimental results indicate that on smooth surfaces the simulation results are representative of the actual recorded adhesion forces. Rough surfaces provide similar trends but with varying optimal configurations, likely due to the level of electric field dispersion.
[In vivo verification of in vitro release specifications of a theophylline sustained-release preparation]. (1998)

Especially in drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, "within product bioequivalence" i.e. "batch-to-batch bioequivalence" should be scrutinized. Therefore, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of to batches at the upper and lower in vitro specification range as well as a batch representing the middle of the specification range was evaluated in an in vivo bioequivalence study. An open, randomized, 3-way crossover, multiple dose study in 18 healthy, male volunteers was selected for this purpose. Bioequivalence regarding rate (Cmax ss; t75%Cmax) and extent (AUCss) of absorption could be established for both extreme batches at the lower and upper in vitro specification range. Additionally both batches proved to be bioequivalent compared to the batch in the middle of the in vitro specification range. As a result, reproducible concentration-time profiles can be guaranteed for all batches of this sustained release theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) preparation. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic characteristics of all three batches meet the quality criteria defined for sustained release theophylline preparations, guaranteeing optimal concentration/time profiles for the therapy of asthma.
Changes in Pelvic Rotation After Soft Tissue and Bony Surgery in Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy (2004)

The authors performed a retrospective review of pelvic rotation in 59 children with cerebral palsy who underwent lower extremity surgery and pre- and postoperative gait analysis. Two groups were studied: a femoral derotation osteotomy (FDRO) group and a soft tissue surgery only (no FDRO) group. Both groups exhibited abnormal pelvic rotation preoperatively and normalization of this abnormal pelvic rotation postoperatively. Though the mean change in pelvic rotation was small (3.3 degrees +/- 6.0 degrees), some patients demonstrated postoperative changes as large as 21 degrees. Variability in pelvic rotation was greater in the no FDRO group than in the FDRO group. Improvement in pelvic rotation occurred both in children with unilateral (hemiplegic) involvement and in those with bilateral (diplegic or quadriplegic) involvement. Surgeons planning lower extremity surgery in children with cerebral palsy should expect improvement in abnormal pelvic rotation in both hemiplegic and diplegic patients, whether or not bony surgery is planned in addition to soft tissue surgery.
Why methylation is not a marker predictive of response to hypomethylating agents (2014)

The azanucleotides azacitidine and decitabine have been shown to induce hematologic response and prolong survival in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. They are inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase-1 and induce DNA-hypomethylation. Induction of apoptosis is also clinically relevant, in particular during the first treatment cycles, when cytopenia is a frequent side-effect. Since the hypomethylating effect is reversible, and the malignant clone has been shown to persist in most responding patients, several cycles are necessary to achieve and maintain responses, while treatment interruption is associated with rapid relapse. Methylation studies have shown global and gene-specific hypermethylation in myelodysplastic syndromes, but there seems to be little relation between the degree of demethylation following hypomethylating treatment and hematologic response. The presence of concurrent genomic hypermethylation and hypomethylation may impair the predictive power of current detection techniques. This scenario has been complicated by the identification of epigenetic enzyme mutations, including TET2, IDH1/2, DNMT3A and EZH2, which are important for response to hypomethylating treatment. Changes in azanucleotide metabolism genes may also play a role. In the future, methylation analysis concentrating not only on promoters, but also on gene bodies and intergenic regions, may identify key genes in patients with the highest probability of response to azanucleotides and allow a patient-tailored approach.
Specific binding characteristics Of HLA Alleles associated with nevirapine hypersensitivity (2016)

Background: Multiple class I and II HLA associations have been described in association with nevirapine (NVP) hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) phenotypes. We tested the hypothesis that peptide binding (PB) properties may be shared between these alleles. Methodology: HLA-A,-B-,-C, -DR typing was performed on stored DNA from a retrospective case controlled analysis of NVP HSR (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00310843) using the 454 FLX platform. Univariate and multivariate analyses stratified for race were performed according to HLA class I/II alleles, HLA supertypes and HLA alleles according to PB (Sidney J, Lund O), Kir ligand groupings and HLA B/C haplotypes for cutaneous and hepatitis phenotypes of NVP HSR. In silico modelling to simulate HLA binding to NVP was performed with the highest ranked candidates. Results: HLA -A,-B,-C and -DR typing resolved to four digits (794 samples (controls =524, cutaneous NVP HSR cases =170, hepatitis NVP HSR cases = 100)). Multivariate analysis of cutaneous NVP HSR in Southeast Asians (SEA) associated DR4 supertype(OR=2.9, p=0.015) and alleles with HLA-35/18 PB properties(OR=6.4, p=0.002). HLA-DRB1*01:02 was associated with hepatitis NVP HSR in Caucasians (OR=2.7,p=0.01) whereas carriage of alleles of the PB B46 were protective (OR=0.3, p=0.04). HLA-C*04:01 was associated with cutaneous NVP HSR, including SJS/TEN across all races (p&lt;0.0001, Mantel-Haenszel test; Caucasians: OR=2.8 [1.3-5.9], p=0.009; African Americans: OR=4.0 [1.4-13.0], p=0.02; SEA: OR=9.0 [3.2-24.9], p&lt;0.0001). However, haplotype analysis of HLA-B/C showed pairing of HLA-C*04:01 with HLA-B alleles with B35 and B18 like PB (HLA-B*35:01,B*35:05,B*35:08,B*53:01,B*18:01,B*18:02, B*44:02,B*4403), and this effect was strongest in SEA where carriage of HLA-C*04:01 when paired with the HLA-B alleles(OR=11.8,p=0.0003) was more strongly associated with cutaneous NVP HSR than HLA-C*04:01 carried alone(OR=4.8,p=0.047). This suggests that risk of cutaneous NVP HSR attributed to carriage of HLA-C*04:01 may be enhanced by HLA-B alleles which are in strong linkage disequilibrium. An in silico and peptide binding model both suggest that NVP non-covalently binds in the F pocket of HLA-B*35:05 and near the B pocket of HLA-C*04:01. In multivariate analyses, Kir ligand groupings Bw4/Bw6 and C1/C2 did not significantly contribute to the modelling of associations with cutaneous hypersensitivity or hepatitis. Conclusions: Cutaneous and hepatitis phenotypes of NVP HSR associate with different HLA-B and DR-alleles respectively that share PB characteristics.The pairing of these HLA-B alleles with HLA-C*04:01 appears important for the development of cutaneous NVP HSR, providing a testable model for the immunopathogenesis of NVP HSR.
The RELIEF flow tagging technique and its application in engine testing facilities and for helium-air mixing studies (2000)

Raman excitation plus laser-induced electronic fluorescence (RELIEF) images the motion of oxygen molecules in air and other gas mixtures. This is accomplished by tagging oxygen molecules through vibrational excitation and imaging them after a short period of time by laser-induced electronic fluorescence. The vibrational lifetime of oxygen is sufficiently long and the signal sufficiently strong to allow this technique to be used over a wide range of flow conditions, from low subsonic to hypersonic, and in a variety of gas mixtures including high humidity environments. The utilization of a molecular tagging technique such as this is critical for environments in which seeding is impossible or unreliable and for measurements in which a wide range of scales needs to be observed simultaneously. Two experiments which have been conducted at national laboratories in medium- to large-scale facilities are reported. At the Arnold Engineering Development Center, RELIEF was used to examine velocity in a 1 m diameter tunnel for applications in the area of engine testing. At the NASA Langley Research Center, RELIEF is being used to examine supersonic mixing of helium in air in a coaxial jet in association with studies of fuel-air mixing in hypersonic engines. These applications are two examples of the wide range of practical uses for this new technology.
ChemInform Abstract: The Influence of the Graphitic Structure on the Electrochemical Characteristics for the Anode of Secondary Lithium Batteries. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transparent glass ceramics for 1300 nm amplifier applications (1995)

The properties of an oxyfluoride glass ceramic that possesses high transparency after ceramming are described. Approximately 25 vol % of this material is comprised of cubic, fluoride nanocrystals and the remainder is a predominantly oxide glass. When doped with Pr+3, the fluorescence lifetime at 1300 nm is longer than in a fluorozirconate glass, suggesting that a significant fraction of the rare-earth dopant is preferentially partitioned into the fluoride crystal phase. This material has the added advantage of being compatible with ambient air processing.
320-Gb/s WDM transmission with 50-GHz channel spacing over 564 km of short-period dispersion-managed fiber (perfect cable) (2000)

We propose a short-period dispersion-managed fiber that consisted of conventional single-mode fiber (17 ps/km/nm) and negative dispersion fiber (-15 ps/km/nm). Thus, the average dispersion of the proposed fiber was only 1 ps/km/nm. The lengths of the positive and negative fiber sections were only 4.5 km so that they can be accommodated within a single 9-km-long cable. We evaluated the performance of this fiber using a 320-Gb/s (32/spl times/10 Gb/s) WDM system with 50-GHz channel spacing. After 563-km transmission, the average Q-factor was measured to be better than 18 dB without any dispersion compensation.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Hydrogels from Cross‐linked Starch Phosphates (2006)

Abstract Summary: Starch based stable hydrogels providing high swelling and water storing capacity are not only of certain interest for the cosmetics and hygiene industry but also have the potential to become an effective tool in combating desertification and supporting cultivation in many regions of the world. It has been found that strong water adsorbing covalent networks with free swelling capacity (FSC) of up to 190 g water/g hydrogel can be obtained by cross‐linking low‐substituted mono‐starch phosphates (MSP) in a semi‐dry process with di‐ and tricarboxylic acids such as succinic acid (SA), adipic acid (AA) or citric acid (CA). The linear behaviour over a wide frequency range of the rheological parameters G′ and G″ which were determined by using a shearing disc viscosimeter clearly reveal that the cross‐linked starch phosphates are stable hydrogels having stronger elastic than viscous properties.
[MR diffusion and perfusion imaging in clinical practice]. (2000)

MR functional imaging, due to the improvement in ultra-speed imaging technology such as echo-planar imaging, has become a very powerful technique since the beginning of the nineties. This imaging technique is divided into diffusion imaging, perfusion imaging and cerebral activation. Diffusion imaging probes the mobility of water molecules characterized by a diffusion coefficient called the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for biological tissues. Perfusion imaging gives hemodynamic information due to the regional cerebral blood volume by the use of contrast agents such as chelates of gadolinium carrying strong magnetic susceptibility. Both imaging techniques can provide information in a wide nosological range : cerebral ischemia, in the acute phase and in case of intracranial tumors, contributing to tumoral grading, localizing the site of biopsy, and assessing response to therapy (after radiotherapy for example). Nevertheless, a wide range of domains remains incompletely studied, for example cerebral white matter diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. For clinical applications, a precise knowledge of the potentials of both techniques and their limitations is needed. Limitations result from the large number of often patient-related parameters, imaging technique (perfusion) and data analysis. Powerful software has been developed in the workstation environment. Thus this imaging technique requires up-to-date equipment and close collaboration between clinical and research teams for optimal efficiency.
Composite transposable elements in the Xenopus laevis genome. (1989)

Members of two related families of transposable elements, Tx1 and Tx2, were isolated from the genome of Xenopus laevis and characterized. In both families, two versions of the elements were found. The smaller version in each family (Tx1d and Tx2d) consisted largely of two types of 400-base-pair tandem internal repeats. These elements had discrete ends and short inverted terminal repeats characteristic of mobile DNAs that are presumed to move via DNA intermediates, e.g., Drosophila P and maize Ac elements. The longer versions (Tx1c and Tx2c) differed from Tx1d and Tx2d by the presence of a 6.9-kilobase-pair internal segment that included two long open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 had one cysteine-plus-histidine-rich sequence of the type found in retroviral gag proteins. ORF2 showed more substantial homology to retroviral pol genes and particularly to the analogs of pol found in a subclass of mobile DNAs that are supposed retrotransposons, such as mammalian long interspersed repetitive sequences, Drosophila I factors, silkworm R1 elements, and trypanosome Ingi elements. Thus, the Tx1 elements present a paradox by exhibiting features of two classes of mobile DNAs that are thought to have very different modes of transposition. Two possible resolutions are considered: (i) the composite versions are actually made up of two independent elements, one of the retrotransposon class, which has a high degree of specificity for insertion into a target within the other, P-like element; and (ii) the composite elements are intact, autonomous mobile DNAs, in which the pol-like gene product collaborates with the terminal inverted repeats to cause transposition of the entire unit.
High-power fiber lasers and amplifiers (1999)

The development of a new fiber laser design—the double-clad fiber laser—has impacted the telecommunications, graphic arts, medical technologies, and materials processing industries. This article looks at the properties of these relatively new devices and explains their impact on current technologies.
New Algorithms for the Longest Common Subsequence Problem (1994)

Given two sequences A = a 1 a 2 : : : am and B = b 1 b 2 : : : b n , m n, over some alphabet \\Sigma, a common subsequence C = c 1 c 2 : : : c l of A and B is a sequence that can be obtained from both A and B by deleting zero or more (not necessarily adjacent) symbols. Finding a common subsequence of maximal length is called the Longest CommonSubsequence (LCS) Problem. Two new algorithms based on the well-known paradigm of computing minimal matches are presented. One runs in time O(ns+minfds; pmg) and the other runs in time O(ns +minfp(n \\Gamma p); pmg) where s = j\\Sigmaj is the alphabet size, p is the length of a longest common subsequence and d is the number of minimal matches. The ns term is charged by a standard preprocessing phase. When m n both algorithms are fast in situations when a LCS is expected to be short as well as in situations when a LCS is expected to be long. Further they show a much smaller degeneration in intermediate situations, especially the second al...