gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance white LED driver with single-wire serial-pulse digital dimming (2009)

一根高效白人光 emitter 二极管(带) 司机基于有新奇单个电线的连续脉搏的数字 dimming (SWSP ) 的增加变换器被建议。司机使用外部连续规划脉搏和内部钟简化亮度控制。由把一个 5 位的数字模拟变换器(数模转换器) 嵌进司机，宽 dimming 范围被完成。而且，一个新动态斜坡赔偿电路被介绍，司机的另外的关键电路被优化得到更高的效率和快转变反应。一个实际电路与 0.6 被实现嗯双极的 complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor double-diffused-metal-oxide-semiconductor (BCD ) 技术。模拟结果证明司机能从 1.3 妈向两宽产量电流提供到 42 妈 32 水平数字 dimming 和更高的效率直到 83% 当它在从 2.7 V 与输入电压变化交换频率到 5.5 V 的 1 MHz 工作时。
Microfluidic Synthesis of Ultrasmall AuPd Nanoparticles with a Homogeneously Mixed Alloy Structure in Fast Continuous Flow for Catalytic Applications (2017)

Ultrasmall Au, Pd, and AuPd nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by PVP were prepared in a microfluidic reactor with cyclone micromixers for rapid mixing of reactants. In this system, pulsation-free flow of reactants was achieved at a total flow rate of 2.6 L h–1. A rapid homogeneous mixing within 2 ms was obtained with three cyclone micromixers. Controlled NP nucleation and growth occur in a following meandering microchannel. The resulting colloidal NPs were characterized thoroughly by various complementary techniques, e.g., high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The average NP diameter was about 1 nm with a narrow size distribution, and electron microscopy showed homogeneously alloyed NPs. Moreover, the particles were supported on TiO2 for catalytic tests and further structural characterization. Electron microscopy showed a uniform distribution of NPs on the support with some aggregation. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed the formation of well-mixed AuPd alloys in NP cores with Pd-rich surfaces. Finally, 1 wt % metal-loaded supports showed catalytic activities in CO oxidation in the following order: Au/TiO2 ≥ AuxPdy/TiO2 ≥ Pd/TiO2. Hence, the physical and chemical properties of these catalysts can be fine-tuned.
Intrinsic Neuronal Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei and their Adjustment (2007)

The central role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in regulating mammalian circadian rhythms is well established. We study the temporal organization of neuronal properties in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) using a rat hypothalamic brain slice preparation. Electrical properties of single neurons are monitored by extra-cellular and whole-cell patch recording techniques. The ensemble of neurons in the SCN undergoes circadian changes in spontaneous activity, membrane properties and sensitivity to phase adjustment. At any point in this cycle, diversity is observed in individual neurons' electrical properties, including firing rate, firing pattern and response to injected current. Nevertheless, the SCN generate stable, near 24 h oscillations in ensemble neuronal firing rate for at least three days in vitro. The rhythm is sinusoidal, with peak activity, a marker of phase, appearing near midday. In addition to these electrophysiological changes, the SCN undergoes sequential changes in vitro in sensitivities to adjustment. During subjective day, the SCN progresses through periods of sensitivity to cyclic AMP, serotonin, neuropeptide Y, and then to melatonin at dusk. During the subjective night, sensitivities to glutamate, cyclic GMP and then neuropeptide Y are followed by a second period of sensitivity to melatonin at dawn. Because the SCN, when maintained in vitro, is under constant conditions and isolated from afferents, these changes must be generated within the clock in the SCN. The changing sensitivities reflect underlying temporal domains that are characterized by specific sets of biochemical and molecular relationships which occur in an ordered sequence over the circadian cycle.
Kinetic analysis of segmentation gene interactions in Drosophila embryos (1999)

A major challenge for developmental biologists in coming years will be to place the vast number of newly identified genes into precisely ordered genetic and molecular pathways. This will require efficient methods to determine which genes interact directly and indirectly. One of the most comprehensive pathways currently under study is the genetic hierarchy that controls Drosophila segmentation. Yet, many of the potential interactions within this pathway remain untested or unverified. Here, we look at one of the best-characterized components of this pathway, the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Fushi tarazu (Ftz), and analyze the response kinetics of known and putative target genes. This is achieved by providing a brief pulse of Ftz expression and measuring the time required for genes to respond. The time required for Ftz to bind and regulate its own enhancer, a well-documented interaction, is used as a standard for other direct interactions. Surprisingly, we find that both positively and negatively regulated target genes respond to Ftz with the same kinetics as autoregulation. The rate-limiting step between successive interactions (<10 minutes) is the time required for regulatory proteins to either enter or be cleared from the nucleus, indicating that protein synthesis and degradation rates are closely matched for all of the proteins studied. The matching of these two processes is likely important for the rapid and synchronous progression from one class of segmentation genes to the next. In total, 11 putative Ftz target genes are analyzed, and the data provide a substantially revised view of Ftz roles and activities within the segmentation hierarchy.
Synthesis of chromones (1979)

Abstract A general procedure for the preparation of chromones from the boron difluoride complex of o ‐hydroxyaryl methyl ketones is described. One of the best methods used for the preparation of chromones and benzochromones is the treatment of o ‐hydroxyaryl methyl ketones with the dimethylacetal of dimethylformamide followed by treatment with sulfuric acid (1). We previously had shown (2) that benzochromone 4 was prepared in reasonable yield by the following reaction sequence.
Concurrent complementary operators for mesh truncation in frequency-domain simulations (2002)

The concurrent complementary operators method (C-COM), when used in the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), achieved levels of accuracy unprecedented in any previous mesh-truncation technique. In this paper, we introduce the extension of the C-COM theory to frequency-domain (time-harmonic) simulations. A validation of the new method is demonstrated by using the finite-difference frequency domain (FDFD) method.
European project concerning the guidelines on medicinal products derived from human blood and plasma. (1991)

The Biotechnology/Pharmacy Working Party (BPWP) decided in October 1989 to put on its working programme the elaboration of a guideline on medicinal products derived from human blood and plasma. This has been determined by the adoption of Directive 89/381/EEC extending the scope of the EEC pharmaceutical legislation to medicinal products derived from human plasma. Because Directive 89/381/EEC will come into force on 1 Jan. 1992, the existing products derived from plasma should be reviewed in order to harmonize them with the EEC requirements before 1 Jan. 1993. In this paper, I give an account of the main points and questions addressed by the BPWP draft in order to stimulate comments from producers and regulatory agencies.
Are multiple checkpoint mediators involved in a checkpoint linking histone gene expression with DNA replication? (2007)

In metazoans, accurate replication of chromosomes is ensured by the coupling of DNA synthesis to the synthesis of histone proteins. Expression of replication-dependent histone genes is restricted to S-phase by a combination of cell cycle-regulated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms and is linked to DNA replication by a poorly understood mechanism involving checkpoint kinases [Su, Gao, Schneider, Helt, Weiss, O'Reilly, Bohmann and Zhao (2004) EMBO J. 23, 1133-1143; Kaygun and Marzluff (2005) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 12, 794-800]. Here we propose a model for the molecular mechanisms that link these two important processes within S-phase, and propose roles for multiple checkpoints in this mechanism.
Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility (2014)

Design And Construction Of An Urban Runoff Research Facility - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Red cell physiology and signaling relevant to the critical care setting (2015)

By coordinating vascular signaling in a fashion that links O2 and NO flux, RBCs couple vessel caliber (and thus blood flow) to O2 need in tissue. Malfunction of this signaling system is implicated in a wide array of pathophysiologies and may be explanatory for the dysoxia frequently encountered in the critical care setting.
Effects of Addition of V and Nb on Ω in High Cr Ferritic Steels (2007)

Creep tests and microstructural observations in several high Cr ferritic steels bearing V and Nb were carried out in order to investigate effects of addition of V and Nb on , which is a coefficient of method. Creep strength was improved with increasing the V content and was slightly lowered by increasing the Nb content. in all the steels bearing V or Nb was lager than that in fundamental steel. The dependence of on the amount of additions was different between V and Nb. In steels bearing V, became larger with increasing V content. In steels bearing Nb, became smaller. These results revealed that corresponds to the creep strength, indicating that the value of can be estimated using the strengthening effects of the additive element.
StarSpace: Embed All The Things! (2017)

We present StarSpace, a general-purpose neural embedding model that can solve a wide variety of problems: labeling tasks such as text classification, ranking tasks such as information retrieval/web search, collaborative filtering-based or content-based recommendation, embedding of multi-relational graphs, and learning word, sentence or document level embeddings. In each case the model works by embedding those entities comprised of discrete features and comparing them against each other -- learning similarities dependent on the task. Empirical results on a number of tasks show that StarSpace is highly competitive with existing methods, whilst also being generally applicable to new cases where those methods are not.
Design and Synthesis of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives as Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors: In Vitro Inhibitory Screening with In Silico Docking Studies (2021)

Abstract Fluoroquinolones are extensively used in clinical applications as a crucial class of antibacterial medicine and have shown high potential for the treatment of several other diseases. This study is based on synthesis, structure elucidation and biological evaluation of various fluoroquinolone ( enoxacin ) analogues with electrophilic substitution of aromatic amine moiety of central enoxacin nucleus by benzyl halides. The synthesized derivatives were characterized on the basis of different chemical and physical measurements and structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (NMR, EI‐MS), including elemental (CHN), and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore these compounds were investigated for their potential α‐glucosidase inhibition activities and all synthesized analogues of fluoroquinolones were found to exhibit promising inhibition potential of 45.8±0.2 to 74.5±0.2 μ M in comparison to IC 50 value of 425.6±1.3 μ M for standard inhibitor of α ‐glucosidase1‐deoxynojirimycin. Further, docking of synthetic compounds were carried out by using α ‐glucosidase I enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a target. The study provided an insight of the molecular interactions of fluoroquinolone derivatives with the enzyme that are in good agreement with the inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds and can be considered as a valuable tool for designing new drugs.
Accumulation of D-Aspartic Acid with Age in the Human Brain (1983)

An age-related accumulation of D-aspartic acid was detected in the white matter of ten normal brains from individuals aged 30 to 80 years. Gray matter showed no systematic increase in D-aspartic acid. The rate constant for D-aspartate formation in the brain is equal to the predicted value calculated for 37 degrees C. Accumulation of the uncommon D-aspartate isomer in myelinated white matter implies that there is little or no turnover of this tissue, and this may have a bearing on dysfunction of the aging brain or on other diseases of myelin.
Performance evaluation of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms for mobile communication systems (2002)

Spatial filtering for mobile communications has attracted a lot of attention over the last decade and is currently considered a very promising technique that will help future cellular networks achieve their ambitious goals. One way to accomplish this is via array signal processing with algorithms which estimate the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the received waves from the mobile users. This paper evaluates the performance of a number of DOA estimation algorithms. In all cases a linear antenna array at the base station is assumed to be operating in a typical cellular environment.
Waveform design principles for automotive radar systems (2002)

This paper presents a high performance 77 GHz FMCW radar sensor for automotive applications. Powerful automotive radar systems are currently under development for various applications. Radar sensor based comfort systems like Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) are already available on the market. The main objective from a radar sensor point of view is to detect all targets inside the observation area and estimate target range and relative velocity simultaneously with a high update rate. FMCW radar sensors have the advantages of very high range resolution but a serious task occurs in multiple target situations to suppress so-called ghost targets. In classical FMCW waveforms this has been solved in using multiple chirp signals with different slope. But in this case a long measurement time (approximately 50 ms) is needed which is a contradiction to a high update rate. Therefore, in this paper a new waveform design is presented which has all advantages of FMCW radars but needs an extremely low measurement time (10 ms) in a radar sensor with 3 different antenna beams.
Method of travel time estimation for wide‐area traffic information service (2005)

Abstract An effective means of ameliorating highway traffic congestion, which has become increasingly severe in recent years, is to provide the traffic information to the road users in real time. In order to make the traffic information service more effective to the users, the area covered by information provision and the accuracy of the information provided are of the greatest importance. From such a viewpoint, a method of travel time estimation which aims at enlargement of the service area and accuracy improvement and stabilization of the provided information is considered. The method tries to utilize in a sophisticated and effective way the data obtained by ultrasonic vehicle detectors and infrared beacons, which are expected to find the widest use in Japan. The method is applied to a real VICS system for ordinary roads, and the accuracy of the provided information is evaluated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(11): 82–92, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ scj.20242
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methoxy and Hydroxy Analogues of 1,2,3,4,4a,9a‐Hexahydro‐4a‐fluorenamine: Rigid Phencyclidine Analogues as Probes of Phencyclidine Binding Site Topography. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural Damage Detection Using an Iterative Neural Network (2000)

A structural damage detection method based on parameter identification using an iterative neural network (NN) technique is proposed in this study. The NN model is first trained off-line using an initial training data set that consists of assumed structural parameters as outputs and their corresponding dynamic characteristics as inputs. The structural parameters are assumed with different levels of reduction to simulate various degrees of structural damage. The concept of orthogonal array is adopted to generate the representative combinations of parameter changes, which can significantly reduce the number of training data while maintaining the data completeness. A modified back-propagation learning algorithm is proposed which can overcome possible saturation of the sigmoid function and speed up the training process. The trained NN model is used to predict the structural parameters by feeding in measured dynamic characteristics. The predicted structural parameters are then used in the FE model to calculate the dynamic characteristics. The NN model would go through a retraining process if the calculated characteristics deviate from the measured ones. The identified structural parameters are then used to infer the location and the extent of structural damages. The proposed method is verified both numerically and experimentally using a clamped-clamped T beam. The results indicate that the current approach can identify both the location and the extent of damages in the beam.
Posterior Pituitary Involvement in the Control of Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin Secretion during the Estrous Cycle* (1984)

The effects of removal of the posterior lobe of the pituitary on plasma concentrations of PRL, LH, and FSH were examined under the following conditions: on each morning of the 4-day estrous cycle, 2 weeks after ovariectomy, and 2 h after the administration of a LHRH inhibitory analog on estrus. Blood was collected from a femoral artery immediately before and during the 3 h after posterior pituitary lobectomy or sham lobectomy. Significant elevations of both PRL and LH were seen after removal of the posterior pituitary on estrus and diestrus day 1, while no change was seen in the plasma concentration of either hormone after posterior pituitary removal on diestrus day 2. On proestrus, posterior lobectomy resulted in an elevation of LH only. The posterior lobectomy-induced PRL elevations were rapid and of short duration, while those of LH were delayed and prolonged. No alteration in plasma FSH concentrations was seen after posterior pituitary lobectomy performed on any day of the estrous cycle. In contrast to the hormonal elevations observed after lobectomy during the cycle, no change in plasma PRL, LH, or FSH was seen after posterior lobectomy in ovariectomized rats. The administration of a LHRH inhibitory analog 2 h before posterior lobectomy completely abolished the lobectomy-induced rise of LH normally seen on estrus. The data suggest that the posterior pituitary participates in the regulation of PRL and LH, but not FSH, release during the estrous cycle. Given that the posterior lobectomy-induced elevations of plasma PRL and LH were evident only on certain days of the cycle and were absent in ovariectomized rats, it is likely that posterior pituitary inhibition of PRL and LH release is expressed only in the presence of specific ovarian hormonal profiles. In addition, the posterior lobectomy-induced rise in plasma LH appears to be dependent on the presence of LHRH, but it remains to be determined whether a posterior pituitary substance(s) alters hypothalamic release of or anterior pituitary responsiveness to LHRH.
Nonlinear robust control design without requiring any priori information on the control sign (1994)

This paper present a robust control scheme for a second order nonlinear system that have not only additive nonlinear uncertainties but also unknown multiplicative signs. These signs are called control directions since they represent effectively the direction of motion under any given control. Except for the unknown control directions, the second order system satisfies the generalised matching conditions (GMC). The GMC design is also called back-stepping because the control is designed by working backwards through two integrators. The design procedure can be generalized and applied to nonlinear systems because it basically forms a sequence of state transformations or sometimes referred to are a recursive design. The proposed robust control is continuous and guarantees global stability of uniform ultimate boundedness without a priori knowledge of the control directions nor the knowledge of nonlinear dynamics except their size bounding functions. This is achieved by online identifying control directions and by utilizing transition laws that change smoothly and accordingly the signs of robust controls. The analysis and design is done using Lyapunov direct method.
The Impact of the Knowledge Revolution in the Water Industries (1993)

Only a tiny part of human knowledge can be kept in our own individual minds, with by far the greater part (99.999% ?) maintained in physical encapsulations. This last decade of our second millenium is characterised by the transfer of the encapsulating medium from a hand-written and printed to an electronic form. As already prefigured in the theory of signs, or semiotics, however, one cannot change the form of coding of a message without changing the nature of the message itself. Through this 'knowledge revolution', the nature of knowledge changes, and with this our own relation to this knowledge. This process is outlined in relation to die water industries and some of its institutional consequences are introduced.