gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Norepinephrine Is Required for Leptin Effects on Gene Expression in Brown and White Adipose Tissue (1999)

Exogenous leptin enhances energy utilization in ob/ob mice by binding its hypothalamic receptor and selectively increasing peripheral fat oxidation. Leptin also increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but the neurotransmitter that mediates this effect has not been established. The present experiments sought to determine whether leptin regulates UCP1 expression in BAT and its own expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the long or short forms of leptin receptor and modulation of norepinephrine release. Mice lacking dopamineβ -hydroxylase (Dbh−/−), the enzyme responsible for synthesizing norepinephrine and epinephrine from dopamine, were treated with leptin (20 μg/g body weight/day) for 3 days before they were euthanized. UCP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were 5-fold higher in BAT from control (Dbh+/−) compared with Dbh−/− mice. Leptin produced a 4-fold increase in UCP1 mRNA levels in Dbh+/− mice but had no effect on UCP1 expression in Dbh−/−. Theβ3-adrenergic agonist, CL-316,243 increased UCP1 expression and established that BAT from both groups of mice was capable of responding to β-adrenergic stimulation. Similarly, exogenous leptin reduced leptin mRNA in WAT from Dbh+/− but not Dbh−/− mice. In separate experiments, leptin produced comparable reductions in food intake in both Dbh+/− and Dbh−/− mice, illustrating that norepinephrine is not required for leptin’s effect on food intake. Lastly, db/db mice lacking the long form of the leptin receptor failed to increase UCP1 mRNA in response to exogenous leptin but increased UCP1 mRNA in response to CL-316,243. These studies establish that norepinephrine is required for leptin to regulate its own expression in WAT and UCP1 expression in BAT and indicate that these effects are likely mediated through the centrally expressed long form of the leptin receptor.
From the Chancellor's Desk: Great Minds Don't Always Think Alike (2015)

Dyslexic people are often able to solve problems that stump others due to a different way of thinking. The variety in ways of thinking will be celebrated at an upcoming Chapman conference, “The Dyslexia Summit: Strength in Cognitive Diversity”, on October 23rd.
Robust design of an inkjet-printed capacitive sensor for position tracking of a MOEMS-mirror in a Michelson interferometer setup (2017)

To guarantee high performance of Micro Optical Electro Mechanical Systems (MOEMS), precise position feedback is crucial. To overcome drawbacks of widely used optical feedback, we propose an inkjet-printed capacitive position sensor as smart packaging solution. Printing processes suffer from tolerances in excess of those from standard processes. Thus, FEM simulations covering assumed tolerances of the system are adopted. These simulations are structured following a Design Of Computer Experiments (DOCE) and are then employed to determine a optimal sensor design. Based on the simulation results, statistical models are adopted for the dynamic system. These models are to be used together with specifically designed hardware, considered to cope with challenging requirements of &asymp;50nm position accuracy at 10MS/s with 1000&mu;m measurement range. Noise analysis is performed considering the influence of uncertainties to assess resolution and bandwidth capabilities.
Programming Big Data Analysis on Clouds and Extreme Scale Systems (2017)

A main research goal of IT nowadays is to investigate and design new scalable solutions for big data analysis. This goal asks for coupling scalable algorithms with high-performance programming tools and platforms. Addressing these challenges requires a seamless integration of the scalable computing techniques and big data analytics research approaches and frameworks. In fact, scalability is a key item for big data analysis and machine learning applications. Scalable big data analysis today can be achieved by parallel implementations that are able to exploit the computing and storage facilities of HPC systems and clouds, whereas in the next future exascale systems will be used to implement extreme scale data analysis. This chapter introduces and discusses cloud models that support the design and development of scalable data mining applications and report on challenges and issues to be addressed and solved for developing data analysis algorithms on extreme-scale systems.
P10.10 T-cells in the anal mucosa of men with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The host cellular immune response plays an integral role in controlling human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced precancerous lesions. Anal mucosal cellular immune responses have not been previously studied. <h3>Methods</h3> The Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer (SPANC) is a longitudinal natural history study of anal HPV infection in men ≥35 years who have sex with men. 26 participants with anal, high-grade (grade 2 or 3) squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) at study entry had 44 anal biopsies. Lymphoid aggregates in these biopsies were detected by inspection of haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Additional sections were immunofluorescently stained to enumerate submucosal and intra-epithelial CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell counts. Whole slide imaging to reveal full tissue architecture at high resolution (x600) was used. Student’s t-test of log<sub>10</sub>-transformed T-cell density was used to compare means; a generalised, linear model was used to determine factors associated with total T-cell density (biopsy-based analysis with intra-subject adjustment). <h3>Results</h3> Of 26 men with mean age 53 years [standard deviation (SD) 10.5], 7 (27%) were HIV-infected and 17 (68%) had concurrent anal HPV16 in anal swabs. Of 44 biopsies, 26 (59%) revealed HSIL and 24 (55%) had lymphoid aggregates localised in the submucosa adjacent to the epithelium. Presence of lymphoid aggregates was associated with higher CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell density (mean 192 vs. 69 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>, P &lt; 0.001), but not higher CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell density (106 vs. 62 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>, P = 0.077). A biopsy diagnosed with HSIL was significantly associated with higher total T-cell density [odds ratio (OR) 11.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51 – 92.08, P = 0.02], as was having anal HPV16 detected (OR 14.08, 95% CI 1.15 – 172.71, P = 0.04). Presence of low-risk HPV genotype (s) was not associated (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.12 – 15.14, P = 0.80). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell enriched lymphoid aggregates in the anal mucosa were associated with anal HSIL and HPV 16. <h3>Disclosure of interest statement</h3> Winnie Tong and Jennifer Roberts declare no conflicts of interest. This work was supported by the St Vincent’s Clinic Foundation K&amp;A Collins Cancer Grant 2014. The SPANC study is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council Program (grant 568971) and the Cancer Council New South Wales Strategic Research Partnership (grant SRP13–11).
The Enigmatic Aliphatic Acetogenins and Their Correlations With Lipids During Seed Germination and Leaf Development of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) (2022)

Lipids in avocados have been widely studied due to their nutritional value and several reported bioactivities. Aliphatic acetogenins are a relevant component of the avocado lipidome and have been tested for several potential food and pharma industries applications. This work followed the evolution of avocado fatty acids (FAs) and aliphatic acetogenins during seed germination and leaf growth. Oil extracts of embryonic axes, cotyledons, and leaves from seedlings and trees were divided to analyze free acetylated acetogenins (AcO-acetogenins), and free FAs. Embryonic axes from germinating seeds contained the highest amount of AcO-acetogenins and FAs; this tissue also accumulated the most diverse FA profile with up to 22 detected moieties. Leaves presented the highest variations in AcO-acetogenin profiles during development, although leaves from seedlings accumulated the simplest FA profile with only 10 different FAs. Remarkably, AcO-acetogenins represented half of the carbons allocated to lipids in grown leaves, while embryonic axes and cotyledons always contained more carbons within FAs during germination. Thus, we hypothesized the use of the AcO-acetogenin acyl chain for energy production toward β-oxidation. Also, α-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs) were proposed as close AcO-acetogenin intermediaries based on a correlation network generated using all these data. Another part of the oil extract was fractionated into different lipid classes before transesterification to profile FAs and acetogenins bound to lipids. Acetogenin backbones were identified for the first time in triglycerides from cotyledons and mainly in polar lipids (which include phospholipids) in all developing avocado tissues analyzed. Seed tissues accumulated preferentially polar lipids during germination, while triglycerides were consumed in cotyledons. Seedling leaves contained minute amounts of triglycerides, and polar lipids increased as they developed. Results from this work suggest acetogenins might be part of the energy and signaling metabolisms, and possibly of membrane structures, underlining the yet to establish role(s) of these unusual lipids in the avocado plant physiology.
Cloning the human betaretrovirus proviral genome from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis† (2004)

Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have both serologic and tissue evidence of infection. A recently identified human betaretrovirus was originally cloned from the biliary epithelium cDNA library of a patient with PBC. By conducting a BLASTN search, the initial partial pol gene fragment was found to have 95% to 97% nucleotide homology with mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and with retrovirus sequences derived from human breast cancer samples. Using an anti-p27(CA) MMTV antibody, viral proteins were detected in the perihepatic lymph nodes but not in liver tissue samples from patients with PBC, suggesting a higher viral burden in lymphoid tissue. Therefore, in the current study, we used lymph node DNA to clone the proviral genome of the human betaretrovirus from two patients with PBC using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) walking methodology with conserved primers complementary to MMTV. The human betaretrovirus genome contains five potential open reading frames (ORF) for Gag, protease (Pro), polymerase (Pol), envelope (Env), and superantigen (Sag) proteins that are collinear with their counterparts in MMTV. Alignment studies performed with characterized MMTV and human breast cancer betaretrovirus amino acid sequences revealed a 93% to 99% identity with the p27 capsid proteins, a 93% to 97% identity with the betaretrovirus envelope proteins, and a 76% to 85% identity with the more variable superantigen proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of known betaretrovirus superantigen proteins showed that the human and murine sequences did not cluster as two distinct species. In conclusion, human betaretrovirus nucleic acid sequences have been cloned from patients with PBC. They share marked homology with MMTV and human breast cancer-derived retrovirus sequences.
Design rules for post-CMOS through silicon vias in an industrial environment (2006)

Through-silicon via technology is becoming inevitable to follow the increasing interconnect density required in today's logic products. But there are advantages to other markets as well: system-in-package solutions that integrate MEMS and ASIC chips have clearly different requirements, i.e. increased robustness against mechanical stress. Rather than targeting for ultra-thin silicon, they require standard wafer thicknesses. This article lines out some challenges in the implementation of a viable post-CMOS feedthrough technology in this domain.
Gi Proteins Regulate Adenylyl Cyclase Activity Independent of Receptor Activation (2014)

Together, these data indicate that Gi exerts intrinsic receptor-independent inhibitory activity upon AC. We propose that PTX treatment shifts the balance of intrinsic G(i) and Gs activity upon AC towards Gs, enhancing the effect of all cAMP-mediated inotropic agents.
Identification, Expression and Target Gene Analyses of MicroRNAs in Spodoptera litura (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs widely present in animals and plants and involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene transcripts. In this study we identified and validated 58 miRNAs from an EST dataset of Spodoptera litura based on the computational and experimental analysis of sequence conservation and secondary structure of miRNA by comparing the miRNA sequences in the miRbase. RT-PCR was conducted to examine the expression of these miRNAs and stem-loop RT-PCR assay was performed to examine expression of 11 mature miRNAs (out of the 58 putative miRNA) that showed significant changes in different tissues and stages of the insect development. One hundred twenty eight possible target genes against the 11 miRNAs were predicted by using computational methods. Binding of one miRNA (sli-miR-928b) with the three possible target mRNAs was confirmed by Southern blotting, implying its possible function in regulation of the target genes.
Characteristics and Effects of Ash Accumulation on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance: Rapidly Aged and Field Aged Results (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Ash, mostly from essential lubricant additives, affects diesel particulate filter (DPF) pressure-drop sensitivity and limits filter service life. It raises concern in the lubricant industry to properly specify new oils, and engine and aftertreatment system manufacturers have attempted to find ways to mitigate the problem. To address these issues, results of detailed measurements of ash characteristics in the DPF and their effects on filter performance are presented.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, a heavy-duty diesel engine was outfitted with a specially designed rapid lubricant degradation and aftertreatment ash loading system. Unlike previous studies, this system allows for the control of specific exhaust characteristics including ash emission rate, ash-to-particle ratio, ash composition, and exhaust temperature and flow rates independent of the engine operating condition. Cordierite DPFs with two different catalyst formulations were subjected to an accelerated ash loading cycle which approximates slightly more than 180,000 miles of ash accumulation in the field.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A post-mortem analysis of all diesel particulate filters aged and loaded with ash in the laboratory was conducted and the results compared to a number of field-aged DPFs. Differences in ash distribution and ash properties such as packing density, porosity, and composition enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental mechanisms influencing the observed effects of ash accumulation on DPF performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These results, among few fundamental data of this kind, correlate changes in diesel particulate filter performance with lubricant chemistries and exhaust conditions affecting ash compositional and morphological characteristics. Results will be useful in optimizing the design of the combined engine-aftertreatment-lubricant system for future diesel engines, balancing the requirements of additives for adequate engine protection with the requirements for robust aftertreatment systems.&lt;/div&gt;
Expression of multiple complex polysaccharide-degrading enzyme systems by marine bacterium strain 2-40 (1999)

Saprophytic marine bacterium strain 2-40 (2-40) can degrade numerous complex polysaccharides (CP) including agar, alginic acid, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, chitin, beta-glucan, laminarin, pectin, pullulan, starch, and xylan. The growth of 2-40 was assessed in minimal media containing one of 16 CP or simple carbohydrates, with the result that all supported growth. Each of the carbohydrase systems was elicited at highest levels by the homologous substrate. Each, excluding amylase, was repressed when 2-40 was cultured in glucose minimal synthetic media. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate alleviated the repression. Agarose as sole carbon source supported the synthesis of the most heterologous complex carbohydrase systems, although, generally, at a lower level of activity than the homologous CP.
High Lithium Storage Performance of Co Ion-Doped Li4Ti5O12 Induced by Fast Charge Transport (2022)

In this study, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-doped Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LTO) composite was designed and synthesized by the hydrothermal reduction method and metal doping modification method. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-doped Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> composite were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic tests. The results showed that Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> particles attached to lamellar Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> constituted a heterostructure and Co ion doped into Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> lattice. This Co ion-doped microstructure improved the charge transportability of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and inhibited the gas evolution behavior of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, which enhanced the lithium storage performance. After 20 cycles, the discharge specific capacity reached stability, and the capacity retention maintained 99% after 1,000 cycles at 0.1 A/g (compared to the capacity at the 20th cycle). It had an excellent rate performance and long cycle stability, in which the capacity reached 174.6 mA h/g, 2.2 times higher than that of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> at 5 A/g.
Classification of Wildfires from MODIS Data Using Neural Networks (2017)

Wildfires are destructive to both life and property, which necessitates an approach to quickly and autonomously detect these events from orbital observatories. This talk will introduce a neural network based approach for classifying wildfires in MODIS multispectral data, and will show how it could be applied to a constellation of low-cost CubeSats. The approach combines training a deep neural network on the ground using high performance consumer GPUs, with a highly optimized inference system running on a flight-proven embedded processor. Normally neural networks execute on hardware orders of magnitude more powerful than anything found in a space-based computer, therefore the inference system is designed to be performance even on the most modest of platforms. This implementation is able to be significantly more accurate than previous neural network implementations, while also approaching the accuracy of the state-of-the-art MODFIRE data products.
IL-22 Induces an Acute-Phase Response (2010)

IL-22 is made by a unique set of innate and adaptive immune cells, including the recently identified noncytolytic NK, lymphoid tissue-inducer, Th17, and Th22 cells. The direct effects of IL-22 are restricted to nonhematopoietic cells, its receptor expressed on the surface of only epithelial cells and some fibroblasts in various organs, including parenchymal tissue of the gut, lung, skin, and liver. Despite this cellular restriction on IL-22 activity, we demonstrate that IL-22 induces effects on systemic biochemical, cellular, and physiological parameters. By utilizing adenoviral-mediated delivery of IL-22 and systemic administration of IL-22 protein, we observed that IL-22 modulates factors involved in coagulation, including fibrinogen levels and platelet numbers, and cellular constituents of blood, such as neutrophil and RBC counts. Furthermore, we observed that IL-22 induces thymic atrophy, body weight loss, and renal proximal tubule metabolic activity. These cellular and physiological parameters are indicative of a systemic inflammatory state. We observed that IL-22 induces biochemical changes in the liver including induction of fibrinogen, CXCL1, and serum amyloid A that likely contribute to the reported cellular and physiological effects of IL-22. Based on these findings, we propose that downstream of its expression and impact in local tissue inflammation, circulating IL-22 can further induce changes in systemic physiology that is indicative of an acute-phase response.
Comparison of the transient behaviour of microchannel and fin-and-tube evaporators. (2009)

The development of control algorithms for refrigeration systems requires models capable of simulating transient behaviour with sensible computational time and effort. The most pronounced dynamics in these systems are found in the condenser and the evaporator, especially the transient behaviour of the evaporator is of great importance when designing and tuning controllers for refrigeration systems. Various so called moving boundary models were developed for capturing these dynamics and showed to cover the important characteristics. A factor that has significant influence on the time constant and nonlinear behaviour of a system is the refrigerant charge which is considerably reduced when microchannel heat exchangers are utilized. Here a moving boundary model is used and adapted to simulate and compare the transient behaviour of a microchannel evaporator with a fin and tube evaporator for a residential air conditioning system. The results are validated experimentally at a test rig.
Explicit asymptotic formulas for the positions, widths, and strengths of resonances in Mie scattering (1992)

Explicit asymptotic formulas are derived for the positions, widths, and strengths of the morphology-dependent resonances in Mie scattering. These formulas are compared with numerical data and found to be highly accurate, especially for the low-order resonances most relevant to nonlinear processes. They permit the interpretation of experimental data on light scattering from microdroplets without resorting to the full apparatus of the Mie scattering formalism.
Labor Productivity Growth across States (2005)

Labor productivity growth, a measure of output per unit of work, is closely tied to gains in wages and living standards, and it provides a direct measure of a country?s competitive position over time. The same holds true for states. Since the last business cycle peak in 2000, states boosted their average labor productivity growth to 2.3 percent. In Ohio, this growth came as a result of modest output growth accompanied by sharp employment losses. Although this has been a painful transition for the Fourth District, solid productivity gains have made the remaining firms and workers more competitive and may prepare the way for future growth.
Optimal wells scheduling of a petroleum reservoir (2013)

This paper discusses an optimal control approach to the life cycle optimization of water-flooding problem, which can be viewed as a scheduling problem, by calculating the optimal switching times given the optimal wells settings to be bang-bang controls. The optimal switching times are obtained from the adjoint method combined with the halving interval method. A numerical example using realistic reservoir settings is included to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
High Efficiency Aperiodic Metasurfaces Based on Variable Phase Shifting Element Spacing (2018)

We report new method for designing high efficiency aperiodic metasurfaces by approximating the desired phase profile with linear sections and optimizing the spacing between subwavelength-scale phase shifter elements with in each section.