gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile fabrication of a magnetically assembled colloidal photonic crystal film via radical polymerization (2015)

A facile, economical and practical technique to fabricate a magnetically assembled colloidal photonic crystal in a polyacrylamide hydrogel matrix was demonstrated by an instant radical polymerization.
Adoptive immunotherapy of microscopic and advanced visceral metastases with in vitro sensitized lymphoid cells from mice bearing progressive tumors. (1988)

Lymphocytes from mice bearing the weakly immunogenic MCA 105 sarcoma contained pre-effector cells that could be sensitized and expanded in vitro to acquire anti-tumor reactivity. The in vitro sensitization (IVS) required antigenic stimulation by tumor cells and the presence of IL-2 for cellular proliferation. Recent work has also demonstrated that IVS cells could be generated in an IL-2 concentration as low as 2 U/ml. In the present study, we have evaluated therapeutic efficacy of IVS cells generated in different concentrations of IL-2 against advanced metastases established in the lung as well as in the liver. Treatment of microscopic or grossly visible pulmonary metastases established for 3 or 10 days by systemic transfer of IVS cells resulted in significant reductions of the numbers of metastases. On a per cell basis, IVS cells generated in 2 U/ml of IL-2 exhibited at least twofold greater reactivity than cells generated in 1000 U/ml of IL-2. In survival experiments, treatment of established microscopic (day 3) and visible (day 10) pulmonary metastases with 1.5 x 10(7) and 3 x 10(7) IVS cells generated in 2 U/ml of IL-2 resulted in prolongation of survival and cure of the disease in 60 and 30% of animals, respectively. The systemic anti-tumor effect of IVS cells was further investigated in mice with hepatic metastases. Treatment of day 3 microscopic hepatic metastases revealed that as little as 1.2 X 10(7) IVS cells generated in 2 U/ml of IL-2 reduced the mean number of metastases from more than 250 in various control groups to 32. Evaluation by survival demonstrated that transfer of 1.7 x 10(7) and 3.8 x 10(7) IVS cells was capable of prolonging the survival and curing 40 and 30% of mice bearing day 3 and day 9 hepatic metastases, respectively. Again, IVS cells generated in 2 U/ml of IL-2 were more effective therapeutically than cells generated in 1000 U/ml of IL-2. In all experiments, mice were also given IL-2 to enhance the in vivo reactivity of IVS cells. However, the doses of IL-2 alone had no therapeutic benefit. Taken together, our results show that adoptive immunotherapy with IVS cells generated from tumor-bearing mice was an effective means of eliminating advanced metastases in various visceral organs.
Special Issue: Proteoglycans: signaling, targeting and therapeutics (2013)

This special issue of FEBS Journal contains 31 review and primary research articles reflecting the advancements covered at the 2012 Proteoglycans Gordon Research Conference and novel aspects from experts in the field. It is mainly focused on current status of the extracellular and cell surface proteoglycans' regulatory roles in cell signaling, molecular targeting, engineering attempts and potential therapeutic approaches.
A novel compact Ka-band threeway power splitter/combiner (2013)

This paper presents a novel 3-way microwave power divider design with a novel high-efficient and compact six-port branch-waveguide directional couplers. The coupler has low loss, low VSWR, good amplitude and phase balance and good isolation. Compared with traditional binary power/combiner, 3-way power divider/combiner has higher efficiency. Simulated results of the power splitter/combiner have shown that the return loss is greater than 30 dB, the isolation is greater than 25 dB, the amplitude difference of output ports is less than 0.3 dB.
Coherence of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensembles in diamond (2010)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of electronic spin decoherence in ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in bulk high-purity diamond at room temperature. Under appropriate conditions, we find ensemble NV spin coherence times $({T}_{2})$ comparable to that of single NV with ${T}_{2}&gt;600\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}$ for a sample with natural abundance of $^{13}\text{C}$ and paramagnetic impurity density $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We also observe a sharp decrease in the coherence time with misalignment of the static magnetic field relative to the NV electronic spin axis, consistent with theoretical modeling of NV coupling to a $^{13}\text{C}$ nuclear-spin bath. The long coherence times and increased signal-to-noise provided by room-temperature NV ensembles will aid many applications of NV centers in precision magnetometry and quantum information.
Distributed Power Allocation and Channel Access Probability Assignment for Cognitive Radio (2015)

In this paper, we present a framework for distributively optimizing the transmission strategies of secondary users in an ad hoc cognitive radio network. In particular, the proposed approach allows secondary users to set their transmit powers and channel access probabilities such that, on average, the quality of service of both the primary and secondary networks are satisfied. The system under consideration assumes several primary and secondary transceiver pairs and assumes no cooperation or information exchange between neither primary and secondary users nor among secondary users. The outage probability, and consequently the connection probability, is derived for the system and is used in defining a new performance metric in the optimization problem using tools from stochastic geometry. We refer to this metric as the spatial density of successful transmission. We corroborate our derivations through numerical evaluations. We further demonstrate that even in the absence of any form of cooperation, an acceptable quality of service can be attained in the cognitive radio environment.
Design and Time-Optimal Control of a High-Speed High-Torque Dual-Motor Actuator (2020)

In many robotics and mechatronics applications, actuators must bear a large load at low speeds and also move at high speeds. A single geared motor with a fixed gear ratio is unable to cover the two extreme load conditions effectively. Here, we propose a dual-motor actuator made by combining two electric motors with different gear ratios. Unlike prior works, where two operation ranges are switched by clutch, brake, and other mechanical means, the proposed design does not require any mechanical switches, but instead uses an electrical switch. At higher speeds, the motor with a high gear ratio, called the torque booster, is electrically disconnected from the drive amplifier, so that it does not generate a reverse current and thereby consume power as a generator. First, the design concept is presented, followed by modeling of the system as a hybrid control system. A basic control scheme for distributing drive currents to the two motors is presented, and an example of time-optimal control of the hybrid system is addressed. A proof-of-concept prototype is built and the control algorithms are implemented and tested experimentally.
Artemin Crystal Structure Reveals Insights into Heparan Sulfate Binding (2006)

Artemin (ART) promotes the growth of developing peripheral neurons by signaling through a multicomponent receptor complex comprised of a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor (cRET) and a specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked co-receptor (GFRalpha3). Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signals through a similar ternary complex but requires heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) for full activity. HSPG has not been demonstrated as a requirement for ART signaling. We crystallized ART in the presence of sulfate and solved its structure by isomorphous replacement. The structure reveals ordered sulfate anions bound to arginine residues in the pre-helix and amino-terminal regions that were organized in a triad arrangement characteristic of heparan sulfate. Three residues in the pre-helix were singly or triply substituted with glutamic acid, and the resulting proteins were shown to have reduced heparin-binding affinity that is partly reflected in their ability to activate cRET. This study suggests that ART binds HSPGs and identifies residues that may be involved in HSPG binding.
Production of highly aligned microfiber bundles from polymethyl methacrylate via stable jet electrospinning for organic solid‐state lasers (2021)

Abstract The fabrication of micron‐sized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer optical fibers doped with rhodamine B as an organic dye is demonstrated. Highly aligned and defect‐free fibers are fabricated by using the stable jet electrospinning (SJES) method and systematically varying critical parameters such as solvent type and polymer concentration. At optimal conditions, for example, a polymer concentration of 35 wt% of PMMA in butanone, ribbon‐shaped fibers with a smooth surface and diameter of about 20 μm could be spun using SJES mode and deposited on a rotating drum as target in a highly aligned manner. Photoluminescence spectra of the doped fibers excited longitudinally and transversely with a laser show an excitation peak with full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of only 5.05 nm and a low lasing threshold at a pump energy of 0.55 μJ, indicating that SJES could become a new source of amplified optics components or organic solid‐state fiber lasers.
Experimental Study of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Demonstrates the Benefits of Using Proppants (2000)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing treatments using treated water and very low proppant concentrations ("waterfracs") have been successful in stimulating low-permeability reservoirs. However, the mechanism by which these treatments provide sufficient conductivity is not well understood. To understand the effects of hydraulic fractures on conductivity, a series of laboratory conductivity experiments were performed with hydraulically fractured cores from the East Texas Cotton Valley sandstone formation. Jordan sand and sintered bauxite proppants were used at concentrations of 0, 0.1 and 1.0 lbm/ft2, and the conductivity was measured at effective closure stresses ranging from 1,000 to 7,000 psi. The results of this study demonstrate that fracture displacement is required for surface asperities to provide residual fracture width and sufficient conductivity in the absence of proppants. However, the conductivity may vary by at least two orders of magnitude depending on formation properties such as the degree of fracture displacement, the size and distribution of asperities, and rock mechanical properties. In the presence of proppants, the conductivity can be proppant or asperity dominated, depending on the proppant concentration, proppant strength and formation properties. Under asperity dominated conditions, the conductivity varies significantly and is difficult to predict. Low concentrations of high-strength proppant reduce the effects of formation properties and provide proppant dominated conductivity. At conventional proppant concentrations, conductivity experiments performed with flat, parallel core faces tend to overestimate the conductivity observed with hydraulic fractures. Actual hydraulic fracture conductivity may be as much as an order of magnitude lower in the presence of low strength proppant. An important implication of this study is that the success of a "waterfrac" treatment is difficult to predict because it will depend significantly on formation properties. This dependence can be overcome by using high strength proppants or proppants at conventional field concentrations.
Properties and Reduction Mechanism of Lead-rich Slags (2004)

Lead-rich slags containing different level of PbO concentrations have been prepared in laboratory. Porosity and density, softening temperature, microstructure and phase compositions of the lead-rich slags have been determined. Reduction experiments have been conducted in a vertical tube furnace using graphite crucible. The results show that no significant reaction occurs between lead-rich slag and graphite at temperatures below 900℃. The reaction between lead-rich slag and graphite is mainly through liquid formed. Thermodynamic of phase equilibrium of this slag has also been calculated.
Topology guaranteeing manifold reconstruction using distance function to noisy data (2006)

Given a smooth compact codimension one submanifold S of Rk and a compact approximation K of S, we prove that it is possible to reconstruct S and to approximate the medial axis of S with topological guarantees using unions of balls centered on K. We consider two notions of noisy-approximation that generalize sampling conditions introduced by Amenta & al. and Dey & al. Our results are based upon critical point theory for distance functions. For the two approximation conditions, we prove that the connected components of the boundary of unions of balls centered on K are isotopic to S. Our results allow to consider balls of different radii. For the first approximation condition, we also prove that a subset (known as the λ medial axis) of the medial axis of Rk\K is homotopy equivalent to the medial axis of S. We obtain similar results for smooth compact submanifolds S of Rk of any codimension.
The Psg, A New Positioning System To Execute 3D Gpr Surveys For Utility Mapping (2003)

In the first three meters of the urban subsoil there are many types of utilities but their actual&lt;br&gt;location is often unknown. Different companies manage the various types of utilities and till now the&lt;br&gt;regulations of many countries do not force them to draw and regularly update the maps of their&lt;br&gt;installations. As a result, the maintenance of the utility net and the utilization of the no dig technology&lt;br&gt;are more and more difficult. 3D GPR investigations are the most effective method to map the utilities&lt;br&gt;but the GPR systems developed till now to perform this type of survey are based on multi-channel&lt;br&gt;solutions with an array of antenna so that the equipment is expensive and difficult to use on small areas&lt;br&gt;(e.g., sidewalk, narrow streets, …) or where it is not possible to stop the human activities (e.g., traffic).&lt;br&gt;To overcome these difficulties, we designed a low-cost and easy-to-use positioning system&lt;br&gt;named PSG (Pad System for Georadar, patent of Politecnico of Milano) to collect a regular grid of&lt;br&gt;GPR data with a single antenna and with the accuracy required to generate 3D migrated images. The&lt;br&gt;prototype testing proves that the system is effective, flexible and quite convenient in many real&lt;br&gt;situations.
HAI-Proactive: Development of an Automated Surveillance System for Healthcare-Associated Infections in Sweden (2020)

Background: Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance is essential for most infection prevention programs and continuous epidemiological data can be used to inform healthcare personal, allocate resources, and evaluate interventions to prevent HAIs. Many HAI surveillance systems today are based on time-consuming and resource-intensive manual reviews of patient records. The objective of HAI-proactive, a Swedish triple-helix innovation project, is to develop and implement a fully automated HAI surveillance system based on electronic health record data. Furthermore, the project aims to develop machine-learning–based screening algorithms for early prediction of HAI at the individual patient level. Methods: The project is performed with support from Sweden’s Innovation Agency in collaboration among academic, health, and industry partners. Development of rule-based and machine-learning algorithms is performed within a research database, which consists of all electronic health record data from patients admitted to the Karolinska University Hospital. Natural language processing is used for processing free-text medical notes. To validate algorithm performance, manual annotation was performed based on international HAI definitions from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Sepsis-3 criteria. Currently, the project is building a platform for real-time data access to implement the algorithms within Region Stockholm. Results: The project has developed a rule-based surveillance algorithm for sepsis that continuously monitors patients admitted to the hospital, with a sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.93), a specificity of 0.99 (0.98–0.99), a positive predictive value of 0.88 (0.83–0.93), and a negative predictive value of 0.99 (0.98–0.99). The healthcare-associated urinary tract infection surveillance algorithm, which is based on free-text analysis and negations to define symptoms, had a sensitivity of 0.73 (0.66–0.80) and a positive predictive value of 0.68 (0.61–0.75). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of an algorithm based on significant bacterial growth in urine culture only was 0.99 (0.97–1.00) and 0.39 (0.34–0.44), respectively. The surveillance system detected differences in incidences between hospital wards and over time. Development of surveillance algorithms for pneumonia, catheter-related infections and Clostridioides difficile infections, as well as machine-learning–based models for early prediction, is ongoing. We intend to present results from all algorithms. Conclusions: With access to electronic health record data, we have shown that it is feasible to develop a fully automated HAI surveillance system based on algorithms using both structured data and free text for the main healthcare-associated infections. Funding: Sweden’s Innovation Agency and Stockholm County Council Disclosures: None
Analysis of sectoral energy and exergy use of Saudi Arabia (2004)

This paper presents the analysis of sectoral energy and exergy utilization of Saudi Arabia by considering the energy and exergy flows for the 12 years between 1990 and 2001. Sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies are obtained for the subsectors and the devices used in each sector. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for Saudi Arabia are also presented, respectively, to illustrate the situation on how energy and exergy efficiencies vary in each sector. The residential sector appears to be the most energy efficient sector, and the industrial sector to be the most exergy efficient. It is believed that the current methodology is useful for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization, which will help Saudi Arabia with energy savings through energy efficiency and/or energy conservation measures. It is also be helpful to establish standards to facilitate application in various sectors and processes for a sustainable energy planning. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Compressive Sensing Approach for Federated Learning Over Massive MIMO Communication Systems (2020)

Federated learning is a privacy-preserving approach to train a global model at a central server by collaborating with wireless devices, each with its own local training data set. In this paper, we present a compressive sensing approach for federated learning over massive multiple-input multiple-output communication systems in which the central server equipped with a massive antenna array communicates with the wireless devices. One major challenge in system design is to reconstruct local gradient vectors accurately at the central server, which are computed-and-sent from the wireless devices. To overcome this challenge, we first establish a transmission strategy to construct sparse transmitted signals from the local gradient vectors at the devices. We then propose a compressive sensing algorithm enabling the server to iteratively find the linear minimum-mean-square-error (LMMSE) estimate of the transmitted signal by exploiting its sparsity. We also derive an analytical threshold for the residual error at each iteration, to design the stopping criterion of the proposed algorithm. We show that for a sparse transmitted signal, the proposed algorithm requires less computationally complexity than LMMSE. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented approach outperforms conventional linear beamforming approaches and reduces the performance gap between federated learning and centralized learning with perfect reconstruction.
Observing terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle from space (2014)

Terrestrial ecosystem and carbon cycle feedbacks will significantly impact future climate, but their responses are highly uncertain. Models and tipping point analyses suggest the tropics and arctic/boreal zone carbon-climate feedbacks could be disproportionately large. In situ observations in those regions are sparse, resulting in high uncertainties in carbon fluxes and fluxes. Key parameters controlling ecosystem carbon responses, such as plant traits, are also sparsely observed in the tropics, with the most diverse biome on the planet treated as a single type in models. We analyzed the spatial distribution of in situ data for carbon fluxes, stocks and plant traits globally and also evaluated the potential of remote sensing to observe these quantities. New satellite data products go beyond indices of greenness and can address spatial sampling gaps for specific ecosystem properties and parameters. Because environmental conditions and access limit in situ observations in tropical and arctic/boreal environments, use of space-based techniques can reduce sampling bias and uncertainty about tipping point feedbacks to climate. To reliably detect change and develop the understanding of ecosystems needed for prediction, significantly, more data are required in critical regions. This need can best be met with a strategic combination of remote and in situ data, with satellite observations providing the dense sampling in space and time required to characterize the heterogeneity of ecosystem structure and function.
Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity by the physical state of pigeon erythrocyte membrane. 2. Fluidity-controlled coupling between the subunits of the adenylate cyclase system (1982)

In the preceding paper, we described the parallel effect of amphipathic drugs on the fluidity and adenylate cyclase activity of pigeon erythrocyte membrane. This parallelism was found when the cyclase activity was assayed in the presence of a guanyl nucleotide and with Mg-ATP as the substrate after a preincubation of the membrane with the drugs [Salesse, R., Garnier, J., Leterrier, F., Daveloose, D., & Viret, J. (1982) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this tissue)]. However, when the regulatory protein (N) and the catalytic unit (E) were precoupled by GppNHp or fluoride before the action of the drugs, the cyclic AMP production was never inhibited. Thus, the drug-induced fluidization appeared to interfere with the efficiency of the activating coupling between N and E. Chlorpromazine even enhanced the cyclase activity: if the catecholamine receptor (R) repressed the cyclase activity in the absence of hormone [Rodbell, M. (1980) Nature (London) 284, 17-22], the loss of R molecules with chlorpromazine would prevent this inhibition and lead to hyperactivity of the enzyme. On the other hand, the comparison between two states of the adenylate cyclase system, (1) N and E reversibly precoupled in the presence of GTP and (2) R, N, and E precoupled in the presence of GTP plus isoproterenol, showed no difference between the activity curves at various drug concentrations: this may be interpreted as a permanent coupling of R and N. The main control exerted by fluidity on the activity of the adenylate cyclase system would thus be at the level of the activating coupling between the N subunit and the catalytic unit in pigeon erythrocyte membrane.