gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting frame-to-frame coherence in a virtual reality system (1996)

A uniform frame rate can be achieved by selecting a level of detail for each visible object such that all the objects can be rendered within the given frame time. With many visible objects a low rendering quality must be chosen if every frame is rendered from scratch. This paper presents a load-adaptive rendering algorithm which exploits frame to frame coherence and re-uses most of the image data generated during previous frames thus decreasing the number of polygons actually rendered by an order of magnitude. Complex distant objects are replaced by polygons with an image of the respective object mapped onto them. Dynamic updates of the images before frame rendering lets these "impostors" closely resemble the original objects. The approach makes efficient use of texture memory and can advantageously be incorporated into the uniform frame rate algorithm.
The Structure and Function of the Limbal Stem Cell and the Disease States Associated With Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (2008)

International Ophthalmology Clinics: Winter 2009 - Volume 49 - Issue 1 - p 43-52 doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e3181924e54
Effect of the Carbon Dioxide Laser on the Oviducts of Rabbits (1981)

Oviducts of 35 mature, white New Zealand rabbits were injured by a laser beam, using various powers from 25 to 40 W, and by a series of pulses of 1/10, 1/20 or 1/100 s duration. The contralateral oviducts served as controls and were injured at similar areas by a scalpel. The injured areas of both tubes were histologically examined at different periods from the time of injury. Enzyme histochemical studies were also carried out. The site of the laser injury was bloodless. There was a delay in the healing process of the laser side. Vessels were sealed at the area where the spot of the laser hits the vessels, but beyond that point a regular thermal damage was noted with thrombus formation such as seen in regular diathermia or scalpel injuries. Enzymatic activity of the epithelium in the vicinity of the laser-injured areas was intact. The thermal damage due to laser injury found in this study is still significant and would necessitate the use of the laser by microtechniques so as to limit the damage of oviduct tissues.
Design of a toroidal device with a high temperature superconductor coil for non-neutral plasma trap (2002)

The non-neutral plasma confinement device with a floating internal coil is under construction, where the high temperature superconductor (HTS) Ag-sheathed BSCCO-2223 is employed as the floating coil. We have two topics with this device: one is a trap of a non-neutral plasma consisting of one species, and another is an exploration of a high beta plasma based on two-fluid MHD relaxation theory. In the latter case the plasma should be non-neutralized in order to drive the plasma flow in the toroidal direction. The expected plasma parameters are discussed. Key elements of engineering issues have already developed. In addition, we have fabricated a small HTS coil and succeeded in levitating it within an accuracy of 25∼30 μm for 4 min or more.
APPLICATION OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF BUILDING MATERIALS (1969)

Scanning electron microsocpy has been applied to the study of several building materials at the Building Research Station. This paper reviews the application of this method and also describes the sample preparation techniques. Materials examined include metals, cement hydration products, glass ceramics, structural ceramics, glass fiber reinforced plaster and cement and weathered paint surfaces. Conclusions are drawn as to the applicability of informative value of this method of studying the surface structure of materials. /TRRL/
AC/DC/AC high voltage traction drives with quasi-zero reactive power demand (1993)

A novel AC/DC/AC conversion structure has been developed, referring to single-phase AC (25 kV/50 Hz) traction systems using induction motor drives. High-voltage converters delivering multilevel voltage waveforms with lower harmonic content have been employed on both the line side and the motor side. High-performance techniques have been studied for controlling the whole system, assuring a quasi-unitary power factor and a low distorted line current. The control system was designed following VSS (variable structure system) principles, obtaining high-dynamics responses and insensitivity to parameter variations and disturbances. Simulation results confirm the validity of the methodologies proposed and of the analyses performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-resolution 3D imaging laser radar flight test experiments (2005)

Situation awareness and accurate Target Identification (TID) are critical requirements for successful battle management. Ground vehicles can be detected, tracked, and in some cases imaged using airborne or space-borne microwave radar. Obscurants such as camouflage net and/or tree canopy foliage can degrade the performance of such radars. Foliage can be penetrated with long wavelength microwave radar, but generally at the expense of imaging resolution. The goals of the DARPA Jigsaw program include the development and demonstration of high-resolution 3-D imaging laser radar (ladar) ensor technology and systems that can be used from airborne platforms to image and identify military ground vehicles that may be hiding under camouflage or foliage such as tree canopy. With DARPA support, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a rugged and compact 3-D imaging ladar system that has successfully demonstrated the feasibility and utility of this application. The sensor system has been integrated into a UH-1 helicopter for winter and summer flight campaigns. The sensor operates day or night and produces high-resolution 3-D spatial images using short laser pulses and a focal plane array of Geiger-mode avalanche photo-diode (APD) detectors with independent digital time-of-flight counting circuits at each pixel. The sensor technology includes Lincoln Laboratory developments of the microchip laser and novel focal plane arrays. The microchip laser is a passively Q-switched solid-state frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser transmitting short laser pulses (300 ps FWHM) at 16 kilohertz pulse rate and at 532 nm wavelength. The single photon detection efficiency has been measured to be > 20 % using these 32x32 Silicon Geiger-mode APDs at room temperature. The APD saturates while providing a gain of typically > 106. The pulse out of the detector is used to stop a 500 MHz digital clock register integrated within the focal-plane array at each pixel. Using the detector in this binary response mode simplifies the signal processing by eliminating the need for analog-to-digital converters and non-linearity corrections. With appropriate optics, the 32x32 array of digital time values represents a 3-D spatial image frame of the scene. Successive image frames illuminated with the multi-kilohertz pulse repetition rate laser are accumulated into range histograms to provide 3-D volume and intensity information. In this article, we describe the Jigsaw program goals, our demonstration sensor system, the data collection campaigns, and show examples of 3-D imaging with foliage and camouflage penetration. Other applications for this 3-D imaging direct-detection ladar technology include robotic vision, avigation of autonomous vehicles, manufacturing quality control, industrial security, and topography.
Atomically thin graphene plane electrode for 3D RRAM (2014)

3Å thick graphene edge was employed in the bit-cost scalable vertical RRAM structure to drastically reduce the total stack height to a single atomic layer. Two-layer 3D-stacked HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> RRAM with graphene planar electrode (G-RRAM) is demonstrated in a 3D cross-point architecture with the edge of the graphene plane electrode serving as the bottom electrode of the RRAM. Exceptional memory window (>80×), low reset current (~20 μA), and suitable set/reset voltages (2 to 4 V) were achieved. Large memory window and low SET compliance ensures low reset current and low power consumption. Resistance components were separately measured to verify the role of graphene/oxide interface and the graphene sheet resistance. This work is a significant step toward extreme vertical scaling of 3D vertical stacked memory structures.
Situación actual y perspectivas, según Acogen: Cogeneración, energía eficiente (2009)

Considerada por muchos “la energia mas eficiente”, tanto economica como ambientalmente, el peso de la cogeneracion en el mapa energetico nacional es evidente: supone el 10% de la demanda electrica nacional y el 40% en el marco del Regimen Especial, siendo ya la tecnologia de referencia para 900 empresas industriales en Espana. Ademas, el uso de sistemas de cogeneracion permite a Espana ahorrar anualmente en energia primaria 850.000 tep, lo que supone casi el 3% de las importaciones de gas natural de nuestro pais; y el evitar la emision 7 millones de toneladas de CO2, por lo que sin cogeneracion, el incumplimiento de Espana con Kioto seria un 5% superior al actual.
Evaluation of short-term traffic forecasting algorithms in wireless networks (2006)

Our goal is to characterize the traffic load in an IEEE 802.11 infrastructure. This can be beneficial in many domains, including coverage planning, resource reservation, and network monitoring for anomaly detection, and producing more accurate simulation models. We conducted an extensive measurement study of wireless users on a major university campus using the IEEE 802.11 wireless infrastructure. This paper proposes and evaluates several traffic forecasting algorithms based on various traffic models that employ the periodicity, recent traffic history, and flow-related information. Finally, it discusses the impact of time-scale and history on the prediction accuracy
The use of topical flurbiprofen as an adjunct to non‐surgical management of periodontal disease (1993)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used as systemic and topical preparations to control chronic periodontal disease in both animal and clinical human trials. Equivocal findings have failed to confirm whether any one NSAID is particularly efficacious, although flurbiprofen appears to be one of the most promising. 49 patients were allocated at baseline to test (25) and control (24) groups in a 12-month, controlled clinical trial. The groups were of similar age and sex distributions. During the first 3 months, both groups were given oral hygiene instruction and received scaling and root planning. The test patients were prescribed a 1% w/w flurbiprofen toothpaste to use 2 x daily for the entire 12 months. Control subjects were prescribed a placebo dentifrice. Plaque scores, bleeding scores, crevicular fluid flow, probing pocket depths and attachment levels were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Radiographs were taken at baseline and 12 months using a modified intraoral, repositionable film holder. Both the flurbiprofen and placebo showed significant improvements in the clinical parameters over 12 months and there were no significant differences between the groups. Flurbiprofen-treated patients however, demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of sites (8.0%) with bone gain when compared to the placebo group (3.3%). There were no significant differences between the groups in the number of sites showing bone loss or no change. It is concluded that the 1% w/w flurbiprofen toothpaste exerts a small, yet significant effect on bone metabolism in the absence of any apparent effects on clinical parameters.
Ovarian Conservation at the Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Disease (2007)

Approximately 78% of women between the ages of 45 and 64 years have prophylactic oophorectomy when hysterectomy is performed for benign disease to prevent the development of ovarian cancer. However, after menopause, the ovary continues to produce androstenedione and testosterone in significant amounts and these androgens are converted in fat, muscle, and skin into estrone. Evidence suggests that oophorectomy increases the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and osteoporosis and whereas 14,000 women die of ovarian cancer every year nearly 490,000 women die of heart disease and 48,000 women die within 1 year after hip fracture. PubMed and the Cochrane database were used to identify studies that examined the incidence of disease and mortality from 5 conditions that seem to be related to ovarian hormones: CHD, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, stroke and hip fracture, and also data for death from all other causes. The data were applied to a Markov decision analytic computer model to calculate risk estimates for mortality from these conditions until the age of 80. The model shows for a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 women undergoing hysterectomy and who chose oophorectomy (vs. ovarian conservation) between the ages of 50 and 54 [without estrogen therapy(ET)], that by the time they reach age 80, 47 fewer women will have died from ovarian cancer, but 838 more women will have died from CHD and 158 more will have died from hip fracture. Therefore, the decision to perform prophylactic oophorectomy should be approached with great caution for the majority of women who are at low risk of developing ovarian cancer.
The Antibiotic Novobiocin Binds and Activates the ATPase That Powers Lipopolysaccharide Transport (2017)

Novobiocin is an orally active antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase by binding the ATP-binding site in the ATPase subunit. Although effective against Gram-positive pathogens, novobiocin has limited activity against Gram-negative organisms due to the presence of the lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane, which acts as a permeability barrier. Using a novobiocin-sensitive Escherichia coli strain with a leaky outer membrane, we identified a mutant with increased resistance to novobiocin. Unexpectedly, the mutation that increases novobiocin resistance was not found to alter gyrase, but the ATPase that powers lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport. Co-crystal structures, biochemical, and genetic evidence show novobiocin directly binds this ATPase. Novobiocin does not bind the ATP binding site but rather the interface between the ATPase subunits and the transmembrane subunits of the LPS transporter. This interaction increases the activity of the LPS transporter, which in turn alters the permeability of the outer membrane. We propose that novobiocin will be a useful tool for understanding how ATP hydrolysis is coupled to LPS transport.
Figure S4 from A Novel GUCY2C-CD3 T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Construct (PF-07062119) for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;cGMP assay to test GUCY2C pathway agonism and neutralization&lt;/p&gt;
THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR CANNABIS AND ITS DERIVATIVES (1998)

Chapter 1 of this book provides a fascinating, historical account of the use of cannabis across many cultures and centuries. Suffice it to say here that any natural substance with over 5000 years of medical history will have attached to it a heritage of hearsay and legend through which one must sift to identify areas of true therapeutic potential for us in the late twentieth century and beyond. A summary of conditions for which cannabis has been used, ranging through various shades of rationality, appears in Table 1.
Visual utility for the localization of corona-accelerated nuclei (1996)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Purification and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic El Tor-Like Hemolysin Produced byVibrio fluvialis (2003)

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio fluvialis is an enteric pathogen that produces an extracellular hemolysin. This hemolysin was purified to homogeneity by using sequential hydrophobic-interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200. It has a molecular weight of 63,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.6, and its hemolytic activity is sensitive to heat, proteases, and preincubation with zinc ions. The hemolysin lyses erythrocytes of the eight different animal species that we tested, is cytotoxic against Chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture, and elicits fluid accumulation in suckling mice. Lysis of erythrocytes occurs by a temperature-dependent binding step followed by a temperature- and pH-dependent lytic step. Fourteen of the first 20 N-terminal amino acid residues (Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Glu-Ala-Asn-Thr-Leu-Pro-His-Val-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Val-Asn-Arg) are identical to those of the El Tor hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae and the heat-labile hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus. This homology was further confirmed by PCR analysis using a 5' primer derived from the amino-terminal sequence of the hemolysin and a 3' primer derived from the El Tor hemolysin structural gene. The hemolysin also reacts with antibodies to the El Tor-like hemolysin of non-O1 V. cholerae.
Optimal measurements, time-reversal, and automatic frequency tuning (2002)

In problems in which one wants to use electromagnetic waves to make an image of a small, weak scatterer, the question arises of which incident field will produce the scattered field with greatest energy. This problem can be solved by means of a certain adaptive algorithm that involves an iterative time-reversal process. The resulting best incident field is a time-harmonic (CW) wave, whose frequency is automatically chosen by the interative algorithm. 2
The European Heart Journal: fulfilling the mission (2022)

In September 2020, the new Editors of the European Heart Journal (EHJ) wrote the following in their inaugural editorial: "The fundamental mission of the Journal remains the reduction of the global burden of cardiovascular disease. We aspire to advance this aim by worldwide teamwork to communicate practice-changing research, inspire clinical cardiologists, and pursue rigour and transparency in the application of science at the service of human health. The Journal will strive to lead the field in its impact, influence, and reach". After more than one year of experience the Editors hope the cardiological community will agree that they are fulfilling this mission. As stewards of the EHJ, the Editor's primary goal is not solely to achieve a high Impact Factor (which attests to the scientific quality and influence of our publications) but also to elevate the practice of cardiovascular medicine worldwide. Accordingly, various initiatives of the EHJ strive to strengthen further links among Editors, Authors, Reviewers and Readers through a series of coordinated and diverse activities, including webinars, active social media presence, and active participation at congresses worldwide. The Editors are proud to serve one of the most important scientific journals in cardiovascular medicine.
A Chlorophyte Alga Utilizes Alternative Electron Transport for Primary Photoprotection (2020)

The green alga <i>Desmodesmus armatus</i> is an emerging biofuel platform that produces high amounts of lipids and biomass in mass culture. We observed <i>D. armatus</i> in light-limiting, excess-light, and sinusoidal-light environments to investigate its photoacclimation behaviors and the mechanisms by which it dissipates excess energy. Chlorophyll <i>a</i>/<i>b</i> ratios and the functional absorption cross section of PSII suggested a constitutively small light-harvesting antenna size relative to other green algae. In situ and ex situ measurements of photo-physiology revealed that nonphotochemical quenching is not a significant contributor to photoprotection; however, cells do not suffer substantial photoinhibition despite its near absence. We performed membrane inlet mass spectrometry analysis to show that <i>D. armatus</i> has a very high capacity for alternative electron transport (AET) measured as light-dependent oxygen consumption. Up to 90% of electrons generated at PSII can be dissipated by AET in a water-water cycle during growth in rapidly fluctuating light environments, like those found in industrial-scale photobioreactors. This work highlights the diversity of photoprotective mechanisms present in algal systems, indicating that nonphotochemical quenching is not necessarily required for effective photoprotection in some algae, and suggests that engineering AET may be an attractive target for increasing the biomass productivity of some strains.
Glassy oxide electrolytes in the system Li<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>–Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with excellent formability (2021)

All-solid-state batteries using oxide electrolytes are regarded as safe batteries. However, most crystalline oxide solid electrolytes require high-temperature sintering for densification. Oxide electrolytes with high formability, which enable the construction of high-performance batteries, are thus required. In this study, Li4SiO4–Li2SO4 glasses and glass-ceramics were prepared by mechanochemical treatment and subsequent heat treatment at 270 °C to achieve electrolytes with high formability. As the Li2SO4 content was increased, the formability of the electrolyte increased. The 90Li4SiO4·10Li2SO4 glass-ceramic electrolyte with a hexagonal structure (a P63/mmc space group) showed the highest ionic conductivity of 2.2 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C. In this crystal structure, oxygen anions form a hexagonal close-packed structure, and silicon and sulfur cations randomly occupy the tetrahedral sites formed by oxygen anions. An all-solid-state Li–In/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cell using a 90Li4SiO4·10Li2SO4 glass-ceramic electrolyte operated at 100 °C as a secondary battery without high-temperature sintering. These oxide materials are promising solid electrolytes for oxide-type all-solid-state batteries.
Super-fast optical hygrometer probe based on polyelectrolyte-coated fiber taper (2017)

Humidity sensing is vital to industries such as medical, manufacturing and agricultural. We demonstrate a responsive optical hygrometer probe based on a polyelectrolyte-coated fiber taper for measuring fast-changing signals. The hygrometer by virtue of its all-optical nature is impervious to electromagnetic interference.