gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spoken Language Processing: A Guide to Theory, Algorithm, and System Development (2001)

From the Publisher:

New advances in spoken language processing: theory and practice
In-depth coverage of speech processing, speech recognition, speech synthesis, spoken language understanding, and speech interface design
Many case studies from state-of-the-art systems, including examples from Microsoft's advanced research labs


Spoken Language Processing draws on the latest advances and techniques from multiple fields: computer science, electrical engineering, acoustics, linguistics, mathematics, psychology, and beyond. Starting with the fundamentals, it presents all this and more: 

Essential background on speech production and perception, probability and information theory, and pattern recognition
Extracting information from the speech signal: useful representations and practical compression solutions
Modern speech recognition techniques: hidden Markov models, acoustic and language modeling, improving resistance to environmental noises, search algorithms, and large vocabulary speech recognition
Text-to-speech: analyzing documents, pitch and duration controls; trainable synthesis, and more
Spoken language understanding: dialog management, spoken language applications, and multimodal interfaces 


To illustrate the book's methods, the authors present detailed case studies based on state-of-the-art systems, including Microsoft's Whisper speech recognizer, Whistler text-to-speech system, Dr. Who dialog system, and the MiPad handheld device. Whether you're planning, designing, building, or purchasing spoken language technology, this is the state of the artfromalgorithms through business productivity.
Lead-Free Piezoelectric (K,Na)NbO3 Thin Films Derived from Metal Alkoxide Precursors (2007)

Lead-free piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 thin films for microelectromechanical systems were fabricated via chemical solution process using metal alkoxide. Perovskite K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) single-phase thin films with good leakage current properties were successfully prepared by optimizing the KxNaxNbO3 (x≧0.5) composition of the precursor solution. The KNN thin films prepared from the solution with K0.55Na0.55NbO3 composition showed typical ferroelectric P–E hysteresis and field-induced strain loops. The 2Pr and 2Ec values of the K0.55Na0.55NbO3 films were 14 µC/cm2 and 140 kV/cm, respectively. From the slope of the field-induced butterfly loop, the effective d33 was found to be 46 pm/V.
Characterization of a Type II-A CRISPR-Cas System in Streptococcus mutans (2020)

<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and its virulent phages are important members of the human oral microbiota. <i>S. mutans</i> is also the primary causal agent of dental caries. To survive in this ecological niche, <i>S. mutans</i> must encode phage defense mechanisms, which include CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we describe the CRISPR-Cas type II-A system of <i>S. mutans</i> strain P42S, which was found to display natural adaptation and interference activity in response to phage infection and plasmid transformation. Newly acquired spacers were integrated both at the 5' end of the CRISPR locus and ectopically. In comparisons of the <i>cas</i> genes of P42S to those of other strains of <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>cas1</i>, <i>cas2</i>, and <i>csn2</i> appear to be highly conserved within the species. However, more diversity was observed with <i>cas9</i> While the nuclease domains of <i>S. mutans</i> Cas9 (SmCas9) are conserved, the C terminus of the protein, including the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) recognition domain, is less conserved. In support of these findings, we experimentally demonstrated that the PAMs associated with SmCas9 of strain P42S are NAA and NGAA. These PAMs are different from those previously reported for the CRISPR-Cas system of the model strain <i>S. mutans</i> UA159. This study illustrates the diversity of CRISPR-Cas type II-A systems that can be found within the same bacterial species.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> CRISPR-Cas is one of the mechanisms used by bacteria to defend against viral predation. Increasing our knowledge of the biology and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems will also improve our understanding of virus-bacterium interactions. As CRISPR-Cas systems acquiring novel immunities under laboratory conditions are rare, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> strain P42S provides an alternative model to study the adaptation step, which is still the least understood step in CRISPR-Cas biology. Furthermore, the availability of a natural Cas9 protein recognizing an AT-rich PAM opens up new avenues for genome editing purposes.
Effect of static magnetic field exposure of up to 8 Tesla on sequential human vital sign measurements (2003)

Normal subjects exposed to varying magnetic field strengths of up to 8 T demonstrated no clinically significant changes in vital signs. Transient ECG artifacts were noted to increase with the field strength.
Efficacy of membrane filtration, influence on hemostasis, immunoglobulins and inflammation mediators during daily plasma exchanges. (1983)

Plasma exchange (PE) by membrane filtration was performed with the following hollow fibers: cellulose-diacetate (Plasmaflo 01, Plasmaflo 02, Asahi, Japan), polypropylene (Plasmaflux, Fresenius, FRG) and polymethylmethacrylate (Plasmax, Toray, Japan). The elimination-coefficient (EC) for certain plasma proteins was calculated. With all hollow fibers no correlation between the EC for about ten plasma proteins with a molecular weight of 54.000 dalton up to 2.400.000 dalton. The mean EC-values for the fibers studied were: 0.32 (Plasmaflo 01), 0.52 (Plasmaflo 02), 0.52 (Plasmaflux) and 0.58 (Plasmax). Membrane filtration performed with the single needle technique using either Plasmaflo 02 or Plasmaflux resulted in a significantly lower efficiency with mean EC-values of 0.33 and 0.32 respectively. After three or four days of PE treatment using three liters of 3% human albumin solution as replacement fluid several alterations in parameters of hemostasis were altered: Antithrombin III levels dropped to 35% of normal value after each plasma exchange but increased to normal range within 24 hours during the observed period of four consecutive PE, Fibrinogen concentration dropped permanently to a preexchange value of 40% of the initial concentration after three plasma exchanges. A 40-50% decrease was also observed for prothrombin, plasminogen and alpha-2-macroglobulin after plasma exchange. A decrease in the platelet count ranging from 5 to 25% after each plasma exchange was observed but returned to the initial level before the next treatment. The concentrations of IgG IgA and IgM decreased to less than 20% of preexchange values and C 3 and C 4 to 20-30: of preexchange values after three plasma exchanges.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 4/2014 (2014)

Front Cover: Instead of using traditional chemical crosslinking, flexible and rubbery poly(lactic acid) can be created by controlling the crystallization process. The stereo complex crystals formed are the “physical crosslinks”. This slide is used to demonstrate the relative crystallization kinetics and the morphology formed for two chemically identical but physically different co-crystallizing PLA based blends. Further details can be found in the article by S. R. Rathi, D. Ng, E. B. Coughlin,* S. L. Hsu,* C. S. Golub, G. H. Ling, and M. J. Tzivanis on page 320.
Preparation of Highly Ordered Mesoporous TiO2 Materials with Crystalline Framework from Different Mesostructured Silica Templates via Nanoreplication (2007)

Abstract Highly ordered mesoporous TiO2 materials, exhibiting crystalline frameworks and various mesostructures, have been successfully obtained via nanoreplication using various kinds of mesoporous silicas as the rigid templates.
Synthesis and Assembly of Designer Styrenic Diblock Polyelectrolytes (2018)

Harnessing new molecular design principles toward functional applications of ion-containing macromolecules relies on diversifying experimental datasets of well-understood materials. We report a simple, tunable framework for preparing styrenic polyelectrolytes, using aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in a parallel synthesis approach.
教育:校长—教师—学生(校长札记) (1990)

(一)学校是育人的场所二十世纪接近末尾,新世纪很快来临,2000年的规划已不足为奇,而被人们看做眼前的现实。今天的孩子上不完八年级,二十一世纪就到了!我谈到儿童不是偶然的。在人们的思想
The soy isoflavone genistein inhibits the reduction inAchilles tendon collagen content induced by ovariectomy in rats (2012)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genistein and moderate intensity exercise on Achilles tendon collagen and cross-linking in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were separated into eight groups (n = 9/group): intact or OVX, treadmill exercised or sedentary, genistein-treated (300 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. After 6 weeks, tendons were assayed for the collagen-specific amino acid hydroxyproline and hydroxylyslpyridinoline (HP). Collagen content was not influenced by exercise (P = 0.40) but was lower (P < 0.001) in OVX-vehicle rats compared with intact vehicle rats (OVX: 894 ± 35 μg collagen/mg dry weight; intact: 1185 ± 72 μg collagen/mg dry weight). In contrast, collagen content in OVX rats treated with genistein was greater (P = 0.010, 1198 ± 121 μg collagen/mg dry weight) when compared with untreated rats and was not different from intact rats (P = 0.89). HP content was lower in OVX genistein-treated rats when compared with intact genistein-treated rats, but only within the sedentary animals (P = 0.05, intact-treated: 232 ± 39 mmol/mol collagen; OVX-treated: 144 ± 21 mmol/mol collagen). Our findings suggest that ovariectomy leads to a reduction in tendon collagen, which is prevented by genistein. HP content, however, may not have increased in proportion to the addition of collagen. Genistein may be useful for improving tendon collagen content in conditions of estrogen deficiency.
Squirrel Monkey Immunophilin FKBP51 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding1 (2000)

Squirrel monkeys have high circulating cortisol to compensate for expression of low-affinity glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). We have demonstrated that the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is elevated in squirrel monkey lymphocytes (SML) and, in preliminary studies, have shown that squirrel monkey FKBP51 is inhibitory to GR binding. In this report, we have demonstrated that elevated FKBP51 is the unequivocal cause of glucocorticoid resistance in SML in the following ways: 1) FK506 increased GR binding in cytosol from SML in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect reproduced by rapamycin but not cyclosporin A. The apparent K6 (6.1 nM) and rank-order of steroid displacement of [3H]dexamethasone binding in FK506-treated SML cytosol are characteristic of high-affinity GR binding. 2) cytosol from COS-7 cells expressing squirrel monkey FKBP51 inhibited GR binding in cytosol from human lymphocytes by 74%. Cytosol from COS-7 cells expressing human FKBP51 inhibited GR binding by 23%. 3) expression of squirrel monkey FKBP51 increased the median effective concentration (EC50) for dexamethasone in GR transactivation studies in COS-7 cells by approximately 17-fold, compared with the EC50 in control cells. The expression of human FKBP51 increased the EC50 for dexamethasone in COS-7 cells by less than 3-fold, compared with control. Squirrel monkey FKBP51 shares 94% overall amino acid homology with human FKBP51, with 92% and 99% homology with human FKBP51 in the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase and the tetratricopeptide repeat domains, respectively. Amino acid differences in the more variable N- or C-terminal regions or in regions which join the highly homologous functional domains may be responsible for its more potent inhibitory activity.
Tumoristatic effects of anti‐CD40 mAb‐activated macrophages involve nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor‐α (2006)

Effector cells of the innate immune system have diverse functions that can result in tumour inhibition or tumour progression. Activation of macrophages by CD40 ligation has been shown to induce antitumour effects in vitro and in vivo. Here we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as mediators in the tumoristatic effects of murine peritoneal macrophages activated with agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (alphaCD40) alone and following further stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that macrophages activated in vivo by alphaCD40 exhibited tumoristatic activity in vitro against B16 melanoma cells; the tumoristatic effect correlated with the level of NO production and was enhanced by LPS. Use of the NO inhibitor L-nitro-arginine-methyl esterase (L-NAME) and evaluation of macrophages from inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-knockout (KO) mice following alphaCD40 activation showed reduced tumoristatic activity. CD40 ligation enhanced expression of TNF-alpha. Macrophage tumoristatic activity following alphaCD40 treatment was reduced by TNF-alpha mAb or use of macrophages from TNF-alpha-KO mice. However, further stimulation of alphaCD40-activated macrophages with LPS resulted in strong tumoristatic activity that was much less dependent on NO or TNF-alpha. Taken together, these results suggest that NO and TNF-alpha are involved in, but not solely responsible for, the antitumour effects of macrophages after activation by CD40 ligation.
An overview of ecological and habitat aspects in the genus Fusarium with special emphasis on the soil-borne pathogenic forms. (2007)

The genus Fusarium is diverse, widespread and commonly found world-wide. This ubiquitous fungus exists in soils, gross s in and on living and dead plants and plant products, on living and dead animals; its conidia are water-borne, but in some instances may be air-borne and its chlamydospores are typically soil-borne. When a sexual stage exists, the ascospores are air-borne, some spores may be found at rather high altitudes. There are salt-water forms, living in the deep sea, souse in the shells of sea turtles, causing the shells to break up. Some forms have been isolated from within the corneas of diseased eyes of humans and animals, and cited as the cause of a serious problem leading to vision loss. Species of Fusarium vary greatly in growth rates, substrate and optimal climatic preferences, there are those found only in the tropics, while others are the causative agent of snow mold. They contain a wide range of pigments, ranging from light tans and yellows, carmine red, green, bright blue to blue-black, some that are water soluble (quinone-type compounds), others fat soluble (carotinoids) and some that are closely bound to spore walls. Four different kinds of spores are recognized in the genus- macro- and microconidia. chlamydospores and ascospores. Sclerotia of variable sizes can also occur in culture and are brown, some blue black and there even some white ones. Most Fusarium spp. grow well on typical laboratory media and are easy to culture.
Comparison of the Abbott m 2000 RealTi m e CT Assay and the Cepheid GeneXpert CT/NG Assay to the Roche Amplicor CT Assay for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Ocular Samples from Tanzania (2013)

The GeneXpert CT/NG assay (GeneXpert) and the Abbott m2000 RealTime CT (m2000) assay were compared to Amplicor for detecting ocular Chlamydia trachomatis. Discordant specimens were tested by the Aptima CT assay. The m2000 assay sensitivity was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90% to 100%), and specificity was 98.46% (95% CI, 95.2% to 99.2%); GeneXpert sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 90% to 100%), and specificity was 100% (95% CI, 98.1% to 100%). The m2000 and GeneXpert assays appear to perform as well as the Amplicor assay.
MATLAB software for recursive identification of Wiener systems : Revision 2 (2007)

This report is intended as a users manual for a package of MATLAB scripts and functions, developed for recursive identification of discrete time nonlinear Wiener systems and nonlinear static systems. Wiener systems consist of linear dynamics in cascade with a static nonlinearity. The core of the package is an implementation of 9 recursive SISO output error identification algorithms. Three main cases are treated. The first set of 5 algorithms identify the FIR or IIR linear dynamics in cases where the static nonlinearity is known. It is stressed that the nonlinearity is allowed to be non-invertible. The second set of 2 algorithms simultaneously identifies the linear dynamics and the static non-linearity. The nonlinearity is parameterized as a piecewise linear or a piecewise quadratic nonlinear function. The last set of two algorithms exploits the above parameterization of the static nonlinearity for estimation of static nonlinear systems. Colored, additive measurement noise is handled by all algorithms. The software can only be run off-line, i.e. no true real time operation is possible. The algorithms are however implemented so that true on-line operation can be obtained by extraction of the main algorithmic loops. The user must then provide the real time environment. The software package contains scripts and functions that allow the user to either input live measurements or to generate test data by simulation. The functionality for display of results include scripts for plotting of data, parameters and prediction errors. Model validation is supported by several methods apart from the display functionality. First, calculation of the RPEM loss function can be performed, using parameters obtained at the end of an identification run. Pole-zero plots can be used to investigate possible overparameterization in the linear dynamic part of the Wiener model. Finally, the static accuracy as a function of the output signal amplitude can be assessed by mean residual analysis.
Rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures by thermonuclease testing (1983)

The detection of thermonuclease activity in 86 blood culture samples containing gram-positive cocci showed 100% correlation with the subsequent identification of the isolate as Staphylococcus aureus by the coagulase test. No positive thermonuclease results were found with 66 samples containing coagulase-negative staphylococci and 56 samples containing other gram-positive organisms. The thermonuclease test provides a rapid, reliable method to identify S. aureus in blood cultures.
Macroscopic theory of pulsed-laser annealing. II. Dopant diffusion and segregation (1981)

The radiation from $Q$ -switched ruby and Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) lasers can anneal the lattice damage produced by ion implantation of semiconductors. In the first paper of this series, we described the models and methods we have been using for heat-transport calculations during pulsed-laser annealing and gave numerous illustrations of the type of results which are obtained. In this paper, we discuss dopant-diffusion calculations in detail, with particular emphasis on the incorporation of segregation effects into the modeling. From the forms of the experimental dopant profiles, it is established that pulsed-laser annealing is a nonequilibrium process, but in this paper the interface segregation coefficient is treated as an adjustable parameter and no attempt is made to justify the values obtained. Approximate analytical and finite-difference solutions to the diffusion equation are discussed and compared. It is argued here that the excellent fit between theory and experiment which is obtained is a strong indication of the basic validity of the melting model of pulsed-laser annealing.
Production of thermotolerant entomopathogenic Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 conidia in corn-corn oil mixture (2010)

Low thermotolerance of entomopathogenic fungi is a major impediment to long-term storage and effective application of these biopesticides under seasonal high temperatures. The effects of high temperatures on the viability of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 (KCTC 0499BP), produced on different substrates amended with various additives were explored. Ground corn was found to be superior in producing the most thermotolerant conidia compared to yellow soybean, red kidney bean, and rice in a polyethylene bag production system. Using ground corn mixed with corn oil as a substrate resulted in only 7% reduction in germination compared to ground corn alone (67% reduction) after exposure of conidia to 50 degrees C for 2 h. Corn oil as an additive for ground corn was followed by inorganic salts (KCl and NaCl), carbohydrates (sucrose and dextrin), a sugar alcohol (sorbitol), and plant oils (soybean oil and cotton seed oil) in ability to improve conidial thermotolerance. Unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and oleic acid, the main components of corn oil, served as effective additives for conidial thermotolerance in a dosage-dependent manner, possibly explaining the improvement by corn oil. This finding suggests that the corn-corn oil mixture can be used to produce highly thermotolerant SFP-198 conidia and provides the relation of unsaturated fatty acids as substrates with conidial thermotolerance.
Interhospital Transfer Before Thrombectomy Is Associated With Delayed Treatment and Worse Outcome in the STRATIS Registry (Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke) (2017)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02239640.
Modeling of Context Information for Pervasive Computing Applications (2002)

In a dynamic heterogeneous environment, such as Pervasive Computing, context-aware adaptation is a key concept to meet the varying requirements of different clients. In order to enable context-aware adaptation, context information must be gathered and eventually presented to the application performing the adaptation. Therefore, a common representation format for the context information is required. In this paper we examine possible representation formats for context information. We discuss requirements for such a representation format and how those requirements are met by existing approaches.