gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient model compression with Random Operation Access Specific Tile (ROAST) hashing (2022)

Advancements in deep learning are often associated with increasing model sizes. The model size dramatically affects the deployment cost and latency of deep models. For instance, models like BERT cannot be deployed on edge devices and mobiles due to their sheer size. As a result, most advances in Deep Learning are yet to reach the edge. Model compression has sought much-deserved attention in literature across natural language processing, vision, and recommendation domains. This paper proposes a model-agnostic, cache-friendly model compression approach: Random Operation Access Specific Tile (ROAST) hashing. ROAST collapses the parameters by clubbing them through a lightweight mapping. Notably, while clubbing these parameters, ROAST utilizes cache hierarchies by aligning the memory access pattern with the parameter access pattern. ROAST is up to $\sim 25 \times$ faster to train and $\sim 50 \times$ faster to infer than the popular parameter sharing method HashedNet. Additionally, ROAST introduces global weight sharing, which is empirically and theoretically superior to local weight sharing in HashedNet, and can be of independent interest in itself. With ROAST, we present the first compressed BERT, which is $100\times - 1000\times$ smaller but does not result in quality degradation. These compression levels on universal architecture like transformers are promising for the future of SOTA model deployment on resource-constrained devices like mobile and edge devices
Repurposing existing drugs as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of preterm birth (2022)

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Despite extensive research into the underlying pathophysiology, rates of preterm birth have not significantly reduced. Currently, preterm labour management is based on optimising neonatal outcomes. Treatment involves administering drugs (tocolytics) to suppress uterine contractions to allow sufficient time for transfer to an appropriate facility and administration of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation. Current tocolytics are limited as they are associated with adverse maternal and fetal effects and only delay delivery for a short period. There has been a serious lack of therapeutic development for preterm birth, and new approaches to protect against or delay preterm birth are urgently needed. Repurposing drugs for the prevention of preterm birth presents as a promising approach by reducing the time and costs associated with pharmaceutical drug development. In this review, we explore the evidence for the potential of therapies, specifically proton pump inhibitors, tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, prostaglandin receptor antagonists, aspirin, and statins, to be repurposed as preventatives and/or treatments for preterm birth. Importantly, many of these innovative approaches being explored have good safety profiles in pregnancy. We also review how delivery of these drugs can be enhanced, either through targeted delivery systems or via combination therapy approaches. We aim to present innovative strategies capable of targeting multiple aspects of the complex pathophysiology that underlie preterm birth. There is an urgent unmet need for preterm birth therapeutic development, and these strategies hold great promise for improving neonatal outcomes.
Series Arc Detection and Complex Load Recognition Based on Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine (2019)

The increasing household loads make series arc faults more complex, which are difficult to be detected by traditional circuit breakers and lead to the frequent occurrence of residential fire accidents. In this paper, a comprehensive approach of complex load recognition and series arc detection is proposed on the basis of principal component analysis and support vector machine (PCA-SVM) combination model. Several typical loads were selected and analyzed, especially nonlinear and complex loads like power electronics load and multi-state load. Three time-domain parameters, maximum slip difference (MSD), zero current period (ZCP) and maximum Euclidean distance (MED), and nine frequency-domain harmonics information are collected to complex waveforms. To decrease the computation cost and further to enhance the response velocity, all the time-domain and frequency-domain information were blended and dimensionally reduced to three parameters by principal component analysis (PCA). Prior to the series arc detection, load recognition is trained and completed with the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. At last, the comprehensive model of load recognition and series arc detection is achieved based on a support vector machine (SVM). The accuracy of load recognition and series arc detection reaches 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively, demonstrating the excellent performances of the intelligent approach to diagnose the series arcing activities in modern household applications.
Tomato Ribonuclease LX with the Functional Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Motif HDEF Is Expressed during Programmed Cell Death Processes, Including Xylem Differentiation, Germination, and Senescence (2001)

We have studied the subcellular localization of the acid S-like ribonuclease (RNase) LX in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cells using a combination of biochemical and immunological methods. It was found that the enzyme, unexpectedly excluded from highly purified vacuoles, accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum. The evidence that RNase LX is a resident of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is supported by an independent approach showing that the C-terminal peptide HDEF of RNase LX acts as an alternative ER retention signal in plants. For functional testing, the cellular distribution of chimeric protein constructs based on a marker protein, Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) 2S albumin, was analyzed immunochemically in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. Here, we report that the peptide motif is necessary and sufficient to accumulate 2S albumin constructs of both vacuolar and extracellular final destinations in the ER. We have shown immunochemically that RNase LX is specifically expressed during endosperm mobilization and leaf and flower senescence. Using immunofluorescence, RNase LX protein was detected in immature tracheary elements, suggesting a function in xylem differentiation. These results support a physiological function of RNase LX in selective cell death processes that are also thought to involve programmed cell death. It is assumed that RNase LX accumulates in an ER-derived compartment and is released by membrane disruption into the cytoplasma of those cells that are intended to undergo autolysis. These processes are accompanied by degradation of cellular components supporting a metabolic recycling function of the intracellular RNase LX.
Modelling IR spectra of polycrystalline materials in the large crystallites limit—quantitative determination of orientation (2006)

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, average reflectance and transmittance theory (ARTT) is extended to allow for materials consisting of bianisotropic domains. This extension is based on the use of a modified 4 ? 4 matrix formalism (Berreman 1972?J. Opt. Soc. Am.?62 502) using partial modal fields instead of total fields, following a suggestion of Lin-Chung and Teitler (1984?J. Opt. Soc. Am. A?1 703). This formalism is adjusted to the needs of ARTT by the treatment of singularities arising either from degenerate eigenvalues or by singular forms of the dynamical matrix. Second, ARTT is generalized to permit the treatment of preferred orientation. The theory is then applied to model experimental reflectance spectra of fresnoite glass ceramics oriented by the method of electrochemically induced nucleation. The excellent agreement between experimental and modelled spectra suggests that it is possible in principle to distinguish between different orientation distributions having the same average orientation with the help of the cross-polarization terms. In addition, for a non-normal incidence of the probing light wave, measurements of these terms allow us to determine not only the magnitudes of the orientation angles but also their signs. These findings show that orientation can be determined by optical measurements of one-photon processes to a considerably higher degree than assumed by linear dichroism theory.
Inactivating Pit‐1 mutations alter subnuclear dynamics suggesting a protein misfolding and nuclear stress response (2004)

Pit-1, a POU-class nuclear DNA-binding transcription factor, specifies three of the parenchymal cell types in anterior pituitary ontogeny. Using fluorescent fusions and live cell imaging, we have compared the dynamic behavior of wild-type and inactivating Pit-1 point mutations. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and real-time extraction data indicate that wild-type Pit-1 has a dynamic mobility profile, with t(1/2s) approximately 5-7 s when expressed from low to high amounts, respectively. Biochemically, Pit-1 is approximately 50% retained according to direct observation during extraction, indicating a dynamic interaction with nuclear structure. An analysis of transiently expressed Pit-1 carrying two different debilitating mutations reveals that they translocate normally to the nucleus, but exhibit two different levels of mobility, both clearly distinguishable from wild-type Pit-1. At low expression levels, the t(1/2s) of Pit(W261C) and Pit(A158P) are extremely rapid (0.3 and 0.6 s t(1/2s), respectively). At higher expression levels, unlike wild-type Pit-1, both mutant proteins become immobilized and insoluble, and fractionate completely with the insoluble nuclear matrix. Relative to wild-type, over expression of mutated Pit-1 elicits a nuclear stress response indicated by increased levels of heat shock inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and reorganization of heat shock factor-1. The decreased mobility of Pit(A158P) relative to Pit(W261C) at low expression levels correlates with its ability to partially activate when expressed at low levels and its ability to bind cognate DNA. At high expression levels, lower Pit(A158P) activation correlates with its immobilization and insolubility. These data suggest a link between specific rates of intranuclear mobility and Pit-1 transcription function, perhaps to insure sufficient interactions with chromatin, or in the case of non-DNA binding Pit-1, interaction as a repressor. These data imply inactivating mutations can lead to an intranuclear sorting away from transcription related pathways, and at least in part to a misfolded protein pathway. Taken together, caution is suggested when interpreting point (or other) mutational analyses of transactivator function, as new compartmentation, especially in the context of expression levels, may cloud the distinction between defining functional molecular domains and intranuclear processing of misfolded proteins.
Количественное определение цинаропикрина в сухом экстракте василька шероховатого методом ВЭЖХ (2011)

Разработана методика количественного определения содержания цинаропикрина в сухом экстракте василька шероховатого на 40 % этаноле и проведена оценка ее валидности. Методика является специфичной для анализа, обладает корректной точностью и воспроизводимостью результатов, а также линейной зависимостью в аналитической области ± 30 %, и может использоваться для достоверной оценки качества сухого экстракта василька шероховатого.
Neuronal Nuclear Organization Is Controlled by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Phosphorylation of Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor-1 (2006)

RasGRF1 is a member of the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RasGEF) family of proteins which are directly responsible for the activation of Ras and Rac GTPases. Originally identified as a phosphoprotein, RasGRF1 has been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase A and more recently, by the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Ack1 and Src. In this report we show that RasGRF1 interacts with and is phosphorylated by Cdk5 on serine 731 to regulate its steady state levels in mammalian cells as well as in neurons. Phosphorylation on this site by Cdk5 leads to RasGRF1 degradation through a calpain-dependent mechanism. Additionally, cortical neurons from Cdk5 knockout mice have higher levels of RasGRF1 which are reduced when wild-type Cdk5 is transfected into these neurons. In mitotic cells, nuclei become disorganized when RasGRF1 is overexpressed and this is rescued when RasGRF1 is co-expressed with active Cdk5. When RasGRF1 levels are elevated in neurons through overexpression of either the wild-type RasGRF1, or the phosphorylation mutant of RasGRF1 and by the transfection of a dominant negative Cdk5 construct, nuclei appeared condensed and fragmented. On the other hand, a reduction of RasGRF1 levels through p35/Cdk5 overexpression also leads to nuclear condensation in neurons. These data show that phosphorylation of RasGRF1 by Cdk5 tightly regulates its levels, which is essential for proper cellular organization.
Probably Approximate Learning of Sets and Functions (1991)

Probably approximate learning is the inference of a set (also called a concept) from a small number of sample points, under the probabilistic measure of success proposed in [L. G. Valiant, Proc. ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1984, pp. 436–445]. Within this model, necessary and sufficient conditions are identified for efficient learning of a class of concepts defined on the strings of the binary alphabet. These results are with respect to both time and information complexity measures and are in terms of the asymptotic behaviour of the Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension of the class. Corresponding results are also obtained for the case when the error in the learning process is to be one-sided, in that the inferred concept is required to be a subset of the concept to be learned. The scope of the learning model is then widened to include the inference of functions. The Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension is also extended to obtain a measure called the “generalized dimension” of a class of functions. Using this measure, necessary and sufficient conditions for efficient learning of classes of functions are identified. These results are obtained for functions defined on the strings of the binary alphabet as well as for functions defined on the continuous domain of the real numbers.
HIV infection drives immune activation of angiogenic T cells (2019)

Abstract In patients with HIV infection, chronic immune activation, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been identified as the main drivers of cardiovascular risk/disease. In addition, recent reports have shown that, T cells with angiogenic properties (Tang) contribute to vascular repair by promoting new vessels formation in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we hypothesized that HIV drives immune activation of Tang cells. We measured the frequency and phenotype of circulating Tang cells defined as CXCR4+CD31+. Patients with HIV infection and well controlled viral replication by cART (n= 25) showed a decreased proportion of both CD4 and CD8 Tangs cells when compared to healthy controls (n= 12), although this difference was more striking in the CD8 Tang subset. CD8 Tang but not CD4 Tang cells were significantly decreased in HIV negative patients whom are undergoing PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) therapy, (n=5). In addition, we found that: angiogenic T cells as defined by the surface markers CXCR4 and CD31 are a heterogenous population including naïve, memory and terminal effector memory phenotypes. Tang cells of HIV infected patients showed an activated phenotype with increased expression of granzymes A (GZA) and B (GZB) when compared to healthy controls. Lastly, CD4 and CD8 Tang cells show increased expression of CD49f (integrin a-6). The frequency of Tang GZA+GZB+ in patients with HIV infection was positively associated with 10yr cardiovascular risk score (ASCVD), CD4 Tang (R= 0.51, p= 0.02) and CD8 Tang (R= 0.6, p&amp;lt; 0.01). These results suggest that in the context of HIV infection, angiogenic T cells possess an immune activated phenotype with a proinflammatory potential that may alter their ability of vascular repair
Accumulation of storage proteins in plant seeds is mediated by amyloid formation (2020)

Amyloids are protein aggregates with a highly ordered spatial structure giving them unique physicochemical properties. Different amyloids not only participate in the development of numerous incurable diseases but control vital functions in archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Plants are a poorly studied systematic group in the field of amyloid biology. Amyloid properties have not yet been demonstrated for plant proteins under native conditions in vivo. Here we show that seeds of garden pea Pisum sativum L. contain amyloid-like aggregates of storage proteins, the most abundant one, 7S globulin Vicilin, forms bona fide amyloids in vivo and in vitro. Full-length Vicilin contains 2 evolutionary conserved β-barrel domains, Cupin-1.1 and Cupin-1.2, that self-assemble in vitro into amyloid fibrils with similar physicochemical properties. However, Cupin-1.2 fibrils unlike Cupin-1.1 can seed Vicilin fibrillation. In vivo, Vicilin forms amyloids in the cotyledon cells that bind amyloid-specific dyes and possess resistance to detergents and proteases. The Vicilin amyloid accumulation increases during seed maturation and wanes at germination. Amyloids of Vicilin resist digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes, persist in canned peas, and exhibit toxicity for yeast and mammalian cells. Our finding for the first time reveals involvement of amyloid formation in the accumulation of storage proteins in plant seeds.
3D video formats and coding methods (2010)

The introduction of first 3D systems for digital cinema and home entertainment is based on stereo technology. For efficiently supporting new display types, depth-enhanced formats and coding technology is required, as introduced in this overview paper. First, we discuss the necessity for a generic 3D video format, as the current state-of-the-art in multi-view video coding cannot support different types of multi-view displays at the same time. Therefore, a generic depth-enhanced 3D format is developed, where any number of views can be generated from one bit stream. This, however, requires a complex framework for 3D video, where not only the 3D format and new coding methods are investigated, but also view synthesis and the provision of high-quality depth maps, e.g. via depth estimation. We present this framework and discuss the interdependencies between the different modules.
Permeability and Infiltration of Partially Sintered Ceramics (1999)

For infiltration of a molten salt into porous zirconia (relative densities = 0.56 to 0.88), the infiltration depth was found to be a function of both infiltration time and initial compact density. The intrinsic liquid permeability of the porous Y‐TZP was determined by extrapolation of gas permeability data. Permeability values, which ranged from 0.5 × 10 −18 to 25 × 10 −18 m 2 (∼0.5 to 25 microdarcy), could be used to predict the trend in infiltration depth with compact density, though they underestimated the absolute values. The Carman‐Kozeny relationship, which relates the permeability to measurable microstructural parameters, was also evaluated. There was good agreement at relative densities &lt;0.75, but not at the higher densities, likely due to the increasing tortuosity of the flow path as pores shrink and close.
Subsurface atomic force microscopy: towards a quantitative understanding (2012)

Recent experiments in the field of subsurface atomic force microscopy have demonstrated that it is possible to nondestructively image micro- and even nanoparticles that are embedded significantly deep within the bulk of a sample. In order to get insights into the contrast formation mechanism, we performed a finite element analysis and an analytical study, in which we calculated the amplitude and phase variation on the surface of an ultrasound wave that has traveled through the sample. Our calculations were performed as closely as possible to the situation in the experiments to enable a (future) comparison based on our predictions. We show that Rayleigh scattering of acoustic waves accounts for the measured contrast and we verify the characteristic Rayleigh dependences. The numerical results show that the contrast is independent of the depth at which a particle is buried, whereas the analytical study reveals a 1/depth dependence. In addition, we find a large deviation in the width of the particle in the contrast at the surface when applying the numerical or the analytical calculation respectively. These results indicate the importance of both the reflections of sound waves at the sample interfaces and bulk damping, as both are treated differently in our two models.
Note: High resolution ultra fast high-power pulse generator for inductive load using digital signal processor (2014)

We present a new design of a compact, ultra fast, high resolution and high-powered, pulse generator for inductive load, using power MOSFET, dedicated gate driver and a digital signal controller. This design is an improved circuit of our old version controller. We demonstrate the performance of this pulse generator as a driver for a new generation of high-pressure supersonic pulsed valves.
RADIATION BY A UNIFORMLY ROTATING POINT CHARGE (1962)

The spectral distribution of the radiation emitted by a uniformly rotating point charge in a dielectric medium is evaluated and compared to the Cerenkov radiation of a uniformly moving charge. Two particular cases of dispersive medium are analyzed. First the orbit of the charge is assumed to be enclosed in a perfectly conducting cylinder which acts as a mirror for the radiation; in the second case the charge rotates around a dielectric rod, and an analysis is conducted of the excitation of waves which propagate along the rod. (Author)
Assessment of in vitro interleukin‐2‐producing capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with periodontitis. (1997)

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the in vitro interleukin-2 (IL-2) producing capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymphocytes from patients with different forms of periodontitis. 45 patients (12 with localised early onset periodontitis (LEOP), 20 with generalised early onset periodontitis (GEOP), and 13 with adult periodontitis (AP), and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (HS), participated in this study. PBMC and lymphocytes were isolated from the subjects and their cells were stimulated with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD3 MoAb) and the secreted IL-2 levels in the culture were bioassayed. No significant differences could be found in IL-2 producing activity of PBMC between the patients and HS group. There was wide interindividual variation and high and low "IL-2 producers" were noted. We found a LEOP patient who was a high producer of IL-2 (> mean + 8 SD) and 2 LEOP patients and a HS who were low producers of IL-2 (< mean - 1.5 SD) with their lymphocytes. Incidentally, the HS became a LEOP patient during 2 years after this study. The low IL-2 producing activity of their PBMC and lymphocytes against anti-CD3 MoAb could not be overcome by stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. Thus, we found high and low IL-2 producing capacity by PBMC and lymphocytes in certain subjects and these subjects may be useful models in assessing the role of systemic IL-2 productivity associated with their progression of periodontal disease.