gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced In incorporation in full InGaN heterostructure grown on relaxed InGaN pseudo-substrate (2017)

The impact of a relaxed InGaN pseudosubstrate on indium incorporation in a full InGaN heterostructure was investigated. Three types of InGaN pseudosubstrates were tested with different a lattice parameters ranging from 3.190 to 3.205 Å, that is to say, greater than that of a GaN template on sapphire. Samples were loaded together in the growth chamber in order to apply exactly the same growth conditions. The effect of the photoluminescence (PL) emission redshift was observed on InyGa1-yN buffer layers and also on InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN multiple quantum wells (MQWs). It was found that these pseudosubstrates have the ability to improve the indium incorporation rate, with an increasing effect as the a lattice parameter increases. A strong PL emission redshift was observed in InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN MQWs as a function of the increasing a lattice parameter of the InGaN pseudosubstrate, compared to a reference grown on a GaN template. It has been shown that green and amber emissions can be easily reached. A redshift of up to 42 nm was detected between various InGaN pseudosubstrate samples and up to 62 nm compared to a conventional structure emerged from a GaN buffer on the sapphire substrate. The average QW width less than 3 nm indicates a higher In content. The reduced compressive strain originating from the relaxed InGaN substrate allows the reduction in the compositional pulling effect and consequently enables an enhanced In incorporation rate.
Estrogenic Activity of the Insecticide Kepone on the Chicken Oviduct (1978)

Kepone induces ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis in explants of chick oviduct in vitro by acting as a weak estrogen. It binds to the nuclear estrogen receptor and is antagonized by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Kepone also induces egg white protein synthesis in vivo by direct interaction with estrogen receptors and by indirectly increasing the concentration of progesterone in the serum.
Analysis of RAS oncogene mutations in human lymphoid malignancies. (1988)

We investigated the frequency of mutations activating RAS oncogenes in human lymphoid malignancies, including B- and T-cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. By the polymerase chain reaction/oligonucleotide hybridization method, DNA from 178 cases was analyzed for activating mutations involving codons 12 and 61 of the HRAS, KRAS and NRAS genes and codon 13 of the NRAS gene. Mutations involving codons 12 or 13 of the NRAS gene were detected in 6 of 33 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (6/33, 18%), whereas no mutations were found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Direct nucleotide sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products showed that the mutations involved a G----A transition in five of the six cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia. In four cases the mutations seemed to occur in only a fraction of the neoplastic cells, and one case displayed two distinct NRAS mutations, most likely present in two distinct cell populations. These results indicate the following: (i) RAS oncogenes are not found in all types of human malignancies, (ii) significant differences in the frequency of RAS mutations can be found among subtypes of neoplasms derived from the same tissue, (iii) in lymphoid neoplasms the NRAS mutation correlates with the most undifferentiated acute lymphocytic leukemia phenotype, and (iv) NRAS mutations present in only a fraction of malignant cells may result from either the selective loss or the acquisition of mutated alleles during tumor development.
Land use optimization tool for sustainable intensification of high-latitude agricultural systems (2019)

Recent studies assessing agricultural policies, including the EU’s Agri-Environment Scheme, have shown that these have been successful in attaining some environmental goals. In Finland, however, the economic situation of farms has dramatically fallen and hence, the actions do not result in social acceptability. Sustainable intensification is a means to combine the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. Here we introduce a novel land use optimization and planning tool for the sustainable intensification of high-latitude agricultural systems. The main rationale for the development of the tool was to achieve a systematic and comprehensive conception for land allocation across Finland, where field parcels vary substantially in their conditions. The developed tool has a three-step scoring system based on seven physical characteristics (parcel size, shape, slope, distance to the farm center and waterways, soil type and logistic advantages) and the productivity of field parcels. The productivity estimates are based on vegetation indices derived from optical satellite data. The tool allocates virtually all >1 million field parcels in Finland either to sustainable intensification, extensification or afforestation. The tool is dynamic in the sense that its boundary values for land allocation can be fixed according to changes in social targets and supporting policies. Additionally, it can be applied year after year by acknowledging new available data, e.g., on vegetation indices and field parcel rearrangements between farms. Furthermore, it can be applied to all farm types and across Finland. It is a tool for land use planning, implementation and monitoring, but its thorough implementation calls for further development of policy instruments, which are currently more supportive towards land sharing than land sparing activities.
Information Theory of Data Transmission Codes (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Data Sources and Channels Block Coding Convolutional Codes Additional Topics Applications
Non‐linear steady‐state data reconciliation: Theoretical perspective and practical scenarios (2022)

Abstract Data reconciliation (DR) is one of the primary error handling methods to reduce measurement errors in industries that may otherwise cause misleading information about the plant. In this article, the mathematical aspects of measurement errors and their treatment by DR are discussed in detail. The flaws in the existing DR methods have been identified and re‐investigated. More importantly, the feasibility and health check‐up of the DR problem have been discussed. The primary objective of the work is to develop a DR code based on the observations made in the present study, which involves DR solutions by both successive linearization (SL) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) schemes. Benchmarking of the code with standard cases showed its wider suitability in solving DR problems. The algebraic SL method was found suitable for proper data health check‐ups and reliable solutions, whereas SQP was robust. The developed code was tested successfully for a chemical plant as well.
Perceptual quality assessment of high frame rate video (2015)

High frame rate video has been a hot topic in the past few years driven by a strong need in the entertainment and gaming industry. Nevertheless, progress on perceptual quality assessment of high frame rate video remains limited, making it difficult to evaluate the exact perceptual gain by switching from low to high frame rates. In this work, we first conduct a subjective quality assessment experiment on a database that contains videos compressed at different frame rates, quantization levels and spatial resolutions. We then carry out a series of analysis on the subjective data to investigate the impact of frame rate on perceived video quality and its interplay with quantization level, spatial resolution, spatial complexity, and motion complexity. We observe that perceived video quality generally increases with frame rate, but the gain saturates at high rates. Such gain also depends on the interactions between quantization level, spatial resolution, and spatial and motion complexities.
Nonneutralizing antibodies against factor VIII and risk of inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A (2016)

The development of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) is the major complication in hemophilia A. Nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAs) have been detected in hemophilia patients and also in unaffected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NNAs and to evaluate whether their presence is associated with the development of inhibitors in a cohort of previously untreated or minimally treated patients with hemophilia A; plasma samples of 237 patients with severe hemophilia A enrolled in the SIPPET trial were collected before any exposure to FVIII concentrates and analyzed for the presence of anti-FVIII NNAs. Patients were observed for the development of neutralizing antibodies. NNAs were found in 18 (7.6%) of 237 patients at screening, and there was a clear age gradient. Of those with NNAs, 7 patients subsequently developed an inhibitor for a cumulative incidence of 45.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.5% to 71.3%); among the 219 patients without NNAs, 64 (29%) developed an inhibitor (cumulative incidence, 34.0%; 95% CI, 27.1%-40.9%). In Cox regression analyses, patients with NNAs at screening had an 83% higher incidence of inhibitor development than patients without NNAs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% CI, 0.84-3.99). For high-titer inhibitors, the incidence rate had an almost threefold increase (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.23-6.12). These associations did not materially change after adjustment. The presence of anti-FVIII NNAs in patients with severe hemophilia A who were not previously exposed to FVIII concentrates is associated with an increased incidence of inhibitors.
A new approach to elastography using mutual information and finite elements (2003)

In the above work, published in the 21 February 2003 issue of Physics in Medicine and Biology, equation (8) on page 470 was missing a minus sign in the denominator. The corrected equation along with a full explanation is given in the PDF file below.
Inhalation Anesthesia: An Occupational Hazard (1974)

An excess incidence of certain cancers, spontaneous abortions, and birth defects in their offspring has been documented among anesthesia personnel, giving rise to concern about the effects of chronic exposure to anesthetic gases. Yet it is possible, with scavenging equipment and properly designed ventilating systems, to reduce operating room concentrations of these gases by 98%. Why, then, are such measures not yet routine?
Tactile feedback applied to computer mice (1995)

Most computer systems use a mouse as the input device for menu selection, pointing, and manipulation of screen objects. The user can get visual information from the screen only about the position of the mouse and the action that was initiated. In contrast, during the manipulation of real objects, the visual channel is only responsible for giving broader information about the action, whereas the motoric action itself is predominantly controlled by tactile information fed by interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory signals. Consequently, working with a standard computer mouse requires concentration primarily on the visual system, leading to strain reactions. Furthermore, human motor action is slower when only visual sense is used and tactile sense is ignored. In respect to this situation, it is proposed that a computer mouse be enhanced with additional tactile feedback to approximate more closely real object handling, thereby reducing strain reactions. To test this hypothesis, a standard computer mouse was enhanced with a total of four actuators, two lying under the fingers that controlled the mouse sideways and the other two under the mouse buttons. Thus, the approximation of the mouse cursor to an object or the crossing of an object can both be seen and felt, and should approximate real object handling. Three kinds of experiments with tracking and ballistic tasks were carried out by 22 subjects. The additional tactile feedback led to significant changes of the movement strategies. Whereas the overall performance decreased if tactile feedback was present during tracking tasks, ballistic tasks were carried out 9–19% faster. Although the subjects only had a few experiences with tactile feedback, all sequences of ballistic movements could be accelerated, in particular the movement preparation phases. In consequence, a reduction of users’ workload is indicated.
Low-temperature dry etching of metal oxides and ZnS via formation of volatile metal β-diketonate complexes (1992)

The reactions of CuO, PbO, ZnO, ZnS, V2O5, PbTiO3, PbZrO3, and YBa2Cu3O7–x, with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafiuoroacetyl-acetone result in formation of the corresponding metal β-diketonates with etch rates of 1 µm min–1for mixed copper(I)/(II) oxide films.
Constraints on HIV-1 evolution and immunodominance revealed in monozygotic adult twins infected with the same virus (2006)

The predictability of virus-host interactions and disease progression in rapidly evolving human viral infections has been difficult to assess because of host and genetic viral diversity. Here we examined adaptive HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and viral evolution in adult monozygotic twins simultaneously infected with the same virus. CD4 T cell counts and viral loads followed similar trajectories over three years of follow up. The initial CD8 T cell response targeted 17 epitopes, 15 of which were identical in each twin, including two immunodominant responses. By 36 months after infection, 14 of 15 initial responses were still detectable in both, whereas all new responses were subdominant and remained so. Of four responses that declined in both twins, three demonstrated mutations at the same residue. In addition, the evolving antibody responses cross-neutralized the other twin's virus, with similar changes in the pattern of evolution in the envelope gene. These results reveal considerable concordance of adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses and HIV evolution in the same genetic environment, suggesting constraints on mutational pathways to HIV immune escape.
Alternative bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty. (2006)

Although total hip arthroplasty has been shown to be an effective surgical procedure, long-term outcomes are compromised by wear of the bearing surfaces. Recent technologic advances have been made in the design of bearing surfaces that offer extended performance to these artificial joints.
Evidence that endogenous formaldehyde produces immunogenic and atherogenic adduct epitopes (2020)

Endogenous formaldehyde is abundantly present in our bodies, at around 100 µM under normal conditions. While such high steady state levels of formaldehyde may be derived by enzymatic reactions including oxidative demethylation/deamination and myeloperoxidation, it is unclear whether endogenous formaldehyde can initiate and/or promote diseases in humans. Here, we show that fluorescent malondialdehyde-formaldehyde (M2FA)-lysine adducts are immunogenic without adjuvants in mice. Natural antibody titers against M2FA are elevated in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Staining with an antibody against M2FA demonstrated that M2FA is present in plaque found on the aortic valve of ApoE mice. To mimic inflammation during atherogenesis, human myeloperoxidase was incubated with glycine, H O , malondialdehyde, and a lysine analog in PBS at a physiological temperature, which resulted in M2FA generation. These results strongly suggest that the 1,4-dihydropyridine-type of lysine adducts observed in atherosclerosis lesions are likely produced by endogenous formaldehyde and malondialdehyde with lysine. These highly fluorescent M2FA adducts may play important roles in human inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Digital television implementation solutions (1997)

The first UHF transmitter for THE MODEL STATION PROJECT has been installed in the U.S. This has provided equipment manufacturers and suppliers an opportunity to deal with some of the real challenges of deploying a digital broadcast television service. This project was formed for the purpose of designing, installing and operating the first full digital HDTV station in the U.S. In a similar U.S. context, involvement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology supported HDTV BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE has allowed an understanding of many technology gaps that must be closed. This paper will discuss some of the new technology opportunities and choices being made as a result of the increased awareness such activities make available to broadcasters and manufacturers.
Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticancer Activity of Five Strains of Soil Microorganisms Isolated From Tangkuban Perahu Mountain by Fermentation (2015)

Microorganisms were isolated from soil taken from Tangkuban Perahu mountain. Five strains were investigated in this study, designated TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, and TP5, respectively. Morphological, biochemical and molecular identifications were conducted for all five strains. These isolates were shown to be closely related to Nocardia sp. YIM 65630 (90%), Streptomyces galbus (99%), Aspergillus unguis (86%), Paecilomyces marquandii (100%) and Nocardia niigatensis (95%), respectively. Production of antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer metabolites was done by fermentation. Screening for bioactivity of five isolates was done by testing the fermentation broth against resistant and pathogenic bacteria, fungi and T47D breast cancer cell line. TP2 strain showed the best bioactivity; the metabolite was purified by extraction with ethyl acetate. Antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities from the ethyl acetate extract of TP2 strain were tested by agar diffusion, microdilution and MTT. The extract was shown to be active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Microsforum gypseum with the minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL) and diameter of inhibition (mm): 150, 35; 150, 30; 300, 35; 300, 35; 300, 29; 4.7, 36, respectively. The IC50 value of the T47D cell line was 457 μg/mL.
Rapid, semi-quantitative depth profiling of ultra-thin films using plasma profiling time-of-flight mass spectrometry: AM: Advanced metrology (2017)

Plasma profiling time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PP-TOFMS) is studied for microelectronics applications. Comparative studies with secondary ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) are presented. PP-TOFMS delivers similar depth-resolved composition information as TOF-SIMS but much faster. For example PP-TOFMS allows assessing the formation of silicides over few nanometers upon annealing of NiPt deposited on Si in only 40 seconds. Secondly, model SiGe / Si superlattice analyses show that standard-free semi-quantitative depth profiles are readily obtained due to low matrix effects and few polyatomic ions being formed. The combination of short analysis time and simple data treatment, makes the PP-TOFMS a useful technique for unexpected contaminant detection. This is illustrated on a stack of FeCoB / SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> deposited on silicon and intended for magnetic sensors applications.
Author Correction: Comparison of DNA-, PMA-, and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing for detection of live bacteria in water (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
RE: THE BTA STAT TEST IS NONSPECIFIC FOR HEMATURIA: AN EXPERIMENTAL HEMATURIA MODEL (2002)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Letters to the Editor1 Dec 2002RE: THE BTA STAT TEST IS NONSPECIFIC FOR HEMATURIA: AN EXPERIMENTAL HEMATURIA MODEL View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64208-5AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: THE BTA STAT TEST IS NONSPECIFIC FOR HEMATURIA: AN EXPERIMENTAL HEMATURIA MODEL." The Journal of Urology, 168(6), pp. 2556–2557 References 1 : A comparison of BTA stat, hemoglobin dipstick, telomerase and Vysis UroVysion assays for the detection of urothelial carcinoma in urine. J Urol2002; 167: 2001. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Bladder tumor antigen stat test in non-urothelial malignant urologic conditions. Isr Med Assoc J2002; 4: 174. Medline, Google Scholar 3 : The application of BTA stat in the diagnosis of bladder tumor and hematuria. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi1999; 37: 228. Medline, Google Scholar 4 : Four bladder tumor markers have a disappointingly low sensitivity for small size and low grade recurrence. J Urol2002; 167: 80. Link, Google Scholar 5 : Analysis of false-positive BTA STAT test results in patients followed up for bladder cancer. Urology2001; 57: 680. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 6 : Evaluation of the BTA tests for the detection of bilharzial related bladder cancer: the Cairo experience. Eur Urol2001; 39: 91. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 7 : Utility of the BTA stat test kit for bladder cancer screening. Diagn Cytopathol1999; 21: 27. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 8 : Exclusion criteria enhance the specificity and positive predictive value of NMP22 and BTA stat. J Urol1999; 162: 53. Link, Google Scholar 9 : Qualitative determination of urinary human complement factor H-related protein (hcfHrp) in patients with bladder cancer, healthy controls and patients with benign urologic disease. Urol Int2000; 65: 181. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 10 : Specificity of human complement factor H-related protein test (Bard BTA stat Test). Scand J Urol Nephrol1999; 33: 234. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 11 : Comparison of BTA stat and NMP22 tests in the detection of bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol2000; 34: 349. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 12 : Comparison of the nuclear matrix protein 22 with voided urine cytology and BTA stat test in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Eur Urol1999; 36: 225. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar © 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 168Issue 6December 2002Page: 2556-2557 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Spaceborne along-track SAR interferometry: performance analysis and mission scenarios (2001)

A system study of a spaceborne along-track synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometer is presented. This sensor has been successfully experienced for detecting moving targets by using only airborne installations. Several key issues must be addressed when spaceborne configurations are envisaged. To this end, a quantitative evaluation of system performance and measurement accuracy has been conducted. First, the identification of possible space configurations has been accomplished. In particular, the two antennas can operate on a single satellite or they can be carried along appropriate trajectories by two spacecrafts. Then, an error budget of radial velocity measurement accuracy has been performed. Finally, two possible mission scenarios are dealt in details, and numerical results are reported.