gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short communication: Separation and quantification of caseins and casein macropeptide using ion-exchange chromatography (2010)

The aim of this work was to improve an existing method to separate and quantify the 4 major caseins from milk samples (i.e., containing whey proteins) using ion-exchange chromatography. The separation process was carried out using a mini-preparative cation exchange column (1 or 5mL of column volume), using urea acetate as elution buffer at pH 3.5 with a NaCl gradient. All 4 major caseins were separated, and the purity of each peak was assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. Purified casein fractions were also added to raw milk to confirm their elution volumes. The quantification was carried out using purified caseins in buffer as well as added directly to fresh skim milk. This method can also be employed to determine the decrease in kappa-casein and the release of the casein-macropeptide during enzymatic hydrolysis using rennet. In this case, the main advantage of using this method is the lack of organic solvents compared with the conventional method for separation of macropeptide (using reversed phase HPLC).
임신성 고혈압에서 단백뇨의 임상적 의의 (2000)

목적 : 임신성 고혈압은 모성 및 주산기 이환과 사망의 매우 중요한 원인 질환 중의 하나이며, 단백뇨는 고혈압, 전신부종과 더불어 이 질환의 대표적인 임상증상으로 이 질환의 중증 정도를 반영하는 지표로 알려져 있다. 이에 단백뇨의 반정량 검사로 임신성 고혈압의 중증 정도에 대한 반영 정도를 알아보고 임신 예후에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1989년 1월 1일부터 1998년 12월 31일까지 중앙대학교 의과대학 부속 필동병원에 내원하여 임신성 고혈압으로 진단되어 분만한 총 70명 중 단백뇨와 혈청 알부민치를 정확하게 알 수 있는 64명을 대상으로 병록기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 혈청 알부민치는 경증 자간전증군은 2.9±0.7g/dL, 중증 자간전증군은 2.7±0.7g/dL로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 출생아 체중은 경증 자간전증군은 3001±659g, 중증 자간전증군은 2446±878g으로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 1분 아프가 점수는 8.4±2.4점, 7.6±3.4점으로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 5분 아프가 점수도 각각 9.5±1.8점, 8.4±2.9점으로 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 모성 합병증은 2(+) 이상의 단백뇨군에서 흔하고 1(+) 이하의 단백뇨군에서는 나타나지 않았다. 제태기간 저체중 출생아는 2(+) 이상의 단백뇨군에서 더 흔하였고 태아사망은 3(+) 단백뇨군에서 더 흔하였다. 결론 : 분만 주수, 출생아 체중, 1분 아프가 점수, 5분 아프가 점수는 단백뇨의 정도가 심해질수록 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 모성 합병증과 태아 합병증은 단백뇨가 정도가 심해질수록 더 흔하게 나타났다.
New Reactions of Selenocarboxylates (2004)

By treatment with Woollins' reagent in toluene solution, carboxylic acids are converted to selenocarboxylic acids. The latter react in situ to provide new products of acid- or base-promoted substitution, addition, and amidation.
Surface reaction dependence of molecular beam epitaxy grown aluminum on various orientations of β-Ga2O3 (2022)

An orientational dependence on the interfacial reaction between aluminum and (010), (001), and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3 substrates is addressed. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to assess the interface crystallinity, thickness, and chemical composition of the interfacial layers. At the interface, amorphous aluminum oxide is observed in all three samples with a thicknesses of 3.5 nm for (010) β-Ga2O3 and 2 nm for (001) β-Ga2O3 and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3. Aluminum oxide is formed at the interface as a result of a chemical reaction that reduces the Ga2O3 surface when aluminum is deposited. We propose that in Al on (010) β-Ga2O3, in which the thickest interfacial oxide layer is observed, diffusional pathways of consecutive octahedral Ga sites perpendicular to the interface promote increased interdiffusion in the out-of-plane direction. In contrast, the (001) β-Ga2O3 and (2̄01) β-Ga2O3 substrates exhibit alternating rows of tetrahedral and octahedral Ga sites parallel to the interface, where the rows of tetrahedral Ga sites act as increased energy barriers that impede interdiffusion of Al and β-Ga2O3. The orientational dependence of metal-oxide interlayers in β-Ga2O3 can impact electronic and thermal transport, pointing to the importance of understanding the impact of β-Ga2O3 orientation on interfacial properties.
Semiconductor-based electret sensors for sound and pressure (1989)

The theory and experimental results for integrated electret-based silicon sensors for the detection of sound and pressure are presented. A silicon electret microphone for use in hearing-aids is described. It has an experimentally determined sensitivity of 19 mV/Pa in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 10 kHz. The realization of a pressure sensor for application in catheter-tip blood-pressure measurements is discussed. This type of electret sensor appeared to have a pressure sensitivity of 1.6 mu V/Pa in the required frequency range of 0 to 100 Hz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Properties of Jets inWBoson Events from 1.8 TeVp¯pCollisions (1997)

We present a study of events with $W$ bosons and hadronic jets produced in $\overline{p}p$ collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV. The data consist of 51 400 ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\nu}$ decay candidates from $108{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected using the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Cross sections and jet production properties have been measured for $W+\ensuremath{\ge}1$ to $\ensuremath{\ge}4$ jet events. The data are compared to predictions of leading-order QCD matrix element calculations with added gluon radiation and simulated parton fragmentation.
Melting and crystallization peculiarities of Cd0.50Mn0.50Te solid solutions (2023)

We investigated melting and crystallization processes of Cd<sub>0.50</sub>Mn<sub>0.50</sub>Te. Using differential thermal analysis (DTA) we studied the solid-liquid equilibrium temperature range, the temperature dependence of the volume fraction of the solid phase in the melt, and crystallization peculiarities. We observed that changing a dwell temperature from 1346 to 1354 K results in an increase of the crystallization temperature of the Cd<sub>0.50</sub>Mn<sub>0.50</sub>Te melt. Since the melt is in a semiliquid state, its crystallization occurs over a solid-phase domain. It was found that a slightly overheated Cd<sub>0.50</sub>Mn<sub>0.50</sub>Te melt (up to 10 K) crystallizes more slowly than more overheated melts, and that the Cd<sub>0.50</sub>Mn<sub>0.50</sub>Te solid solutions are in a semi-liquid state in the temperature range of 1338-1354 K.
Clustering Using a Similarity Measure Based on Shared Near Neighbors (1973)

A nonparametric clustering technique incorporating the concept of similarity based on the sharing of near neighbors is presented. In addition to being an essentially paraliel approach, the computational elegance of the method is such that the scheme is applicable to a wide class of practical problems involving large sample size and high dimensionality. No attempt is made to show how a priori problem knowledge can be introduced into the procedure.
Monolithic integration of a GaInAs p-i-n photodiode and an optical waveguide: modeling and realization using chloride vapor phase epitaxy (1988)

A theoretical and experimental study is discussed of a p-i-n GaInAs photodiode integrated with inverted-rib InP or GaInAsP waveguides grown on InP substrate. The coupling efficiency between the waveguide and the photodiode is calculated using the beam-propagation method while the initial condition, i.e. the waveguide eigenmode, is calculated by the finite-difference method. The photodiode absorption is calculated as a function of key design parameters, which are the waveguide dimensions, the wavelength and, in the case of heterostructure waveguide, the composition of the quaternary layer. Two classes of device application are foreseen: monitor photodiode and end line receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Amphiregulin is Not Essential for Induction of Contact Hypersensitivity (2010)

Amphiregulin is not essential for the induction of FITC- or DNFB-induced CHS responses in mice.
Application of RF Varactor Using BaxSr1-xTiO3/TiO2/HR-Si Substrate for Reconfigurable Radio (2007)

In this paper, the potential feasibility of integrating Ba(x)Sr(1-x)TiO3 (BST) films into Si wafer by adopting tunable interdigital capacitor (IDC) with TiO2 thin film buffer layer and a RF tunable active bandpass filter (BPF) using BST based capacitor are proposed. TiO2 as a buffer layer is grown onto Si substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the interdigital capacitor on BST(500 nm)/TiO2 (50 nm)/HR-Si is fabricated. BST interdigital tunable capacitor integrated on HR-Si substrate with high tunability and low loss tangent are characterized for their microwave performances. BST/TiO2/HR-Si IDC shows much enhanced tunability values of 40% and commutation quality factor (CQF) of 56.71. A resonator consists of an active capacitance circuit together with a BST varactor. The active capacitor is made of a field effect transistor (FET) that exhibits negative resistance as well as capacitance. The measured second order active BPF shows bandwidth of 110 MHz, insertion loss of about 1 dB at the 1.81 GHz center frequency and tuning frequency of 230 MHz (1.81-2.04 GHz).
Changes in subsoil acidity with a new deep vertical lime placement practice for conservation tillage systems (2019)

Poorly drained claypan soils in the midwestern United States that are managed for corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> [L.] Merr.) production often have optimum surface pH for crop growth, but are characterized by acidic subsoils. Stratification of soil acidity may inhibit root growth leading to decreased drought tolerance and grain yields. Agricultural lime application can increase soil pH and provide calcium (Ca) to the soil, but these amendments rarely affect the subsoil, especially when a conservation tillage system that results in minimal lime incorporation is utilized. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of surface lime placement compared to a novel deep vertical lime placement practice at various rates on subsoil characteristics under corn and soybean production. Field trials were conducted from 2012 to 2016 in northeast Missouri with treatments of aglime broadcast to the surface soil or incorporated as a vertical band using a custom built shank to a depth of 51 cm (20 in) into the subsoil at 0, 3.4, and 6.7 Mg lime ha<sup>−1</sup> (0, 1.5, and 3.0 tn lime ac<sup>−1</sup>). Soil pH results indicated that the top 13 cm (5 in) of soil was not affected by deep lime placement, but at depths of 13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 in) soil pH increased up to 0.6 and 0.7 units for deep vertical placed lime at 3.4 and 6.7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. When compared with control treatments, vertical placement of lime at 3.4 and 6.7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> increased subsoil pH at depths of 13 to 25 and 25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 in), respectively, one year after application. A similar comparison with the control treatment indicated that deep vertical placement at 6.7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> increased subsoil pH at 13 to 25 cm depths by 6.5% and 5.7% two and three years after application, respectively. Analysis of the spatial distribution of soil pH and neutralizable acidity in the soil profile indicate penetration of liming effects up to 38 cm (15 in) into the subsoil, but there was minimal evidence of movement away from the initial vertical placement band during a seven-month period.
Visual control of an unmanned aerial vehicle for power line inspection (2006)

Using a robotic vehicle to inspect overhead power lines has many attractions. The concept of a small, rotorcraft which draws its power from the lines is introduced here. Some of its advantages compared with a free-flying aircraft are discussed. Achieving the required degree of autonomy and reliable power pick-up needs good control of the position and attitude of the vehicle relative to the overhead line. The paper considers an artificial-vision system, based on the Hough transform, for this purpose. A laboratory test rig is described which incorporates a dynamic model for a small, ducted-fan rotorcraft so that the response of the vehicle to wind gusts can be emulated. Measurements show that the closed-loop vision system is capable of counteracting the effect of such disturbances and maintaining the vehicle's position relative to the line
Batch Active Preference-Based Learning of Reward Functions (2018)

Data generation and labeling are usually an expensive part of learning for robotics. While active learning methods are commonly used to tackle the former problem, preference-based learning is a concept that attempts to solve the latter by querying users with preference questions. In this paper, we will develop a new algorithm, batch active preference-based learning, that enables efficient learning of reward functions using as few data samples as possible while still having short query generation times. We introduce several approximations to the batch active learning problem, and provide theoretical guarantees for the convergence of our algorithms. Finally, we present our experimental results for a variety of robotics tasks in simulation. Our results suggest that our batch active learning algorithm requires only a few queries that are computed in a short amount of time. We then showcase our algorithm in a study to learn human users' preferences.
[O1‐03‐03]: Predicting MCI progression to AD via automated analysis of T1‐weighted MR image intensity (2005)

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) individuals are known to be at risk for progression to AD. There is evidence that in those who will progress, measurable hippocampal and entorhinal cortex atrophy, demonstrable on T1-weighted (T1w) MR serves as a moderate, though labor-intensive, predictor. We aimed at predicting progression to AD from MCI using a recently developed automated classification technique that compares T1w MRI intensity of patients to database normal controls. This technique utilizes the full extent of volume differences in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), rather than being limited to single structures. Subjects - 16 amnestic MCI {age 77.7(5.1) yrs, MMSE 26.9 (2.4) at baseline scan} that subsequently progressed to AD in 2.6 (1.6) yrs, and 8 non-progressing amnestic MCI {age 80.3 (6.3) yrs, MMSE 28.5 (1.2) at baseline scan, follow-up 5.7 (4.0) yrs}. T1w MRI were acquired after informed consent on a 1.5T GE Signa 5 scanner (3D sequence, TR= 300ms, TE= 4.2ms, FA= 90, sagittal acquisition with 256 (SI) x 256 (AP) 0.86 mm pixels, 5 mm slices). Pre-processing - All scans were corrected for intensity inhomogeneity, linearly registered (9 DoF) in stereotaxic space, resampled to a 1mm3 grid and intensity normalized. Rectangular volumes of interest (VOI) were defined on the left and right MTL (80x52x60 voxels). Each VOI was further linearly registered (12 DoF) to a reference target image. Analysis - Normative intensity spaces were created using principal components analysis of VOIs for a training set composed of 152 normal young subjects. Intensity from the pre-processed scans from the study subjects were projected in the normative spaces. Leave-one-out, forward stepwise linear discriminant analyses (P-to-enter< 0.01) retained 2 projection eigenvectors for classification. Sensitivity to progression to AD was 94% (15/16), specificity 75% (6/8) and accuracy 88% (21/24). Our results indicate that MR data projected in multidimensional feature domains has the potential to adequately predict progression of amnestic MCI to AD, on average 2.6 yrs before a clinical diagnostic. This single-scan, practical, automatic, and objective method therefore holds promise for early AD detection.
A Short Synthesis of 3,3‐Di(hetero)arylpropylamines Obtained from Bis‐(hetero)aryl Ketones via Palladium Catalysis. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermal Derivatization of Porous Silicon with Alcohols (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThermal Derivatization of Porous Silicon with AlcoholsNamyong Y. Kim and Paul E. LaibinisView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9, 2297–2298Publication Date (Web):March 5, 1997Publication History Received9 October 1996Published online5 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963540yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963540yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views822Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Ethyl groups,Layers,Porous materials,Silicon Get e-Alerts
Design and Characterization of Novel Porphyrins with Oligo(phenylethylnyl) Links of Varied Length for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis and Optical, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Investigation (2008)

Novel zinc porphyrins with 1−4 π-conjugated phenylethylnyl (PE) units (labeled PE1−PE4) as a link of controlled length were synthesized for fundamental tests and applications as a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The UV−visible spectra of the solution samples show clear absorption patterns of the PE groups in a region 300−400 nm, consistent with results calculated with density-functional theory. Cyclic voltammograms of PE1−PE4 in tetrahydrofuran show similar electrochemical potentials for each compound. Femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion of solution samples and of porphyrin-sensitized TiO2 films was measured with excitation at 420 or 430 nm and emission at 460, 470, 620, and 680 nm. When these porphyrins were fabricated into DSSC devices, the efficiency of power conversion of these devices decreased systematically with increasing length of the link: 2.5 ± 0.2% (PE1), 2.0 ± 0.1% (PE2), 0.78 ± 0.09% (PE3), 0.25 ± 0.02% (PE4). This great photovoltaic degradation from PE1 to PE4 is not interpretable according to the rate of electron injection independent of length; other factors, including electron transfer from the semiconductor back to the porphyrin cation or the electrolyte, must be considered to account for the observed dependence of photovoltaic performance on length.
Supplementary S1 from Phage-Based Anti-HER2 Vaccination Can Circumvent Immune Tolerance against Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of IgGs yielded from DNA vaccination by means of cellular ELISA&lt;/p&gt;
Novel Fatigue-Resistant Spirooxazines (1994)

Abstract Novel photochromic fatigue-resistant spirooxazines of the phenantrene and phenantroline series were synthesized and studied in solutions and PMMA films. The efficiency of photocoloration (n = 0, 36–0, 95) is close to that of 6-NO2−BIPS (n = 1). Kinetics of the dark bleaching is of nonexponential type with T1/2 = 2–7 s and 18–32 s (T = 298 K) in solutions and PMMA respectively. The number of coloring-bleaching cycles n=210–1320 (PMMA) substantially overcomes that of 6-NO2−BIPS (n=11).
Revealing Hidden Vibration Polariton Interactions by 2D IR Spectroscopy (2017)

We report the first experimental two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra of novel molecular photonic excitations - vibrational-polaritons. The application of advanced 2D IR spectroscopy onto novel vibrational-polariton challenges and advances our understanding in both fields. From spectroscopy aspect, 2D IR spectra of polaritons differ drastically from free uncoupled molecules; from vibrational-polariton aspects, 2D IR uniquely resolves hybrid light-matter polariton excitations and unexpected dark states in a state-selective manner and revealed hidden interactions between them. Moreover, 2D IR signals highlight the role of vibrational anharmonicities in generating non-linear signals. To further advance our knowledge on 2D IR of vibrational polaritons, we develop a new quantum-mechanical model incorporating the effects of both nuclear and electrical anharmonicities on vibrational-polaritons and their 2D IR signals. This work reveals polariton physics that is difficult or impossible to probe with traditional linear spectroscopy and lays the foundation for investigating new non-linear optics and chemistry of molecular vibrational-polaritons.
Visible absorption and magnetic-rotation spectroscopy of 1CH2: Analysis of the 1A1 state and the 1A1–3B1 coupling (1987)

In methylene, the rotational levels of the ã 1A1 (0,0,0) and (0,1,0) vibronic states are so heavily perturbed by nearby rovibrational levels of the ground triplet state (X̃ 3B1) that standard rotation–vibration Hamiltonians do not provide a satisfactory fit or any indication as to which levels are strongly perturbed and which are less perturbed. Recent spectroscopic and theoretical work gives triplet state term values and the singlet–triplet energy difference with an accuracy of a few tens of wave numbers. Using these term values and ab initio spin-orbit matrix elements it is shown that all Ka=1, 3, and 4 levels of 1A1 (0,0,0) and all Ka=1 levels of 1A1 (0,1,0) are strongly perturbed by 3B1 (0,v2,0) levels with 2≤v2≤4. Individual levels in the other Ka stacks are also perturbed but most can be fit satisfactorily with a Watson Hamiltonian. The shifts between the observed term values and those calculated from the Watson Hamiltonian are reproduced in each Ka stack by a spin-orbit matrix element value only 5%–30% larger than the ab initio value. Over 60% of the measured term values show shifts greater than 0.2 cm−1. Shifts of the 322 and 000 levels can only be explained by interaction with levels in either (1,0,0) or (0,0,1) states; possible values for the vibrational frequencies of ν1 and ν3 of 3B1 are given. Molecular constants for 1A1 (0,0,0) and (0,1,0) are derived and quantitative estimates of spin-orbit mixing for individual levels of 1A1 (0,0,0) and (0,1,0) are given. From a chemical point of view singlet methylene is never in a pure spin state and always has some triplet character in its wave function. These data provide a basis for proper modeling of the kinetics of chemical reactions of ‘‘singlet’’ and ‘‘triplet’’ methylene species and their interconversion by ‘‘intersystem crossing.’’
Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Resected Early-Stage Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review (2022)

Next-generation sequencing has become a cornerstone in clinical oncology practice and is recommended for the appropriate use of tailored therapies in NSCLC. While NGS has already been standardised in advanced-stage NSCLC, its use is still uncommon in the early stages. The recent approval of Osimertinib for resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC in an adjuvant setting has launched the hypothesis that other targeted therapies used in metastatic patients can also lead to improved early-stage outcomes of NSCLC. The impact of molecular biomarkers on the prognosis of patients undergoing radical surgery for NSCLC is still unclear. Notably, the heterogeneous populations included in the studies that analysed surgical patients could be the main reason for these results. In this review, we report the most important studies that analysed the impact of principal molecular biomarkers on the survival outcomes of patients who underwent radical surgery for NSCLC.