gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced 193 tri-tone EAPSM (9%-18%) for 65 nm node (2002)

Semiconductor manufacturers are increasingly focusing on contact and via layers as the most difficult lithography pattern. Focus and exposure latitude, MEF, as well as iso-dense bias are challenges for contact patterning. This situation is only expected to worsen for the 65nm device generation where the 2001 SIA roadmap update lists the contact size as 90-100nm in 2004-2005. Thus, new contact pattern techniques with novel manufacturability are required. One possible avenue to meet these stringent process control requirements is the use of tri-tone high transmission attenuated phase shifting masks (tri-tone AttPSM) for the 65nm generation. Multilayered SiN/TiN (9%-18%) EAPSM materials to manufacture advanced reticles were used in this investigation. Extensive study during the photomask processing (Front End and Back End) to access any issues related to the making of High %T tri-tone product types was performed. Finally, the 2 prototype reticles were evaluated on a 193nm scanner (0.75NA) with various illumination settings to generate imaging to support the 65nm node technology generation.
Safety and Efficacy of Outpatient Surgical Procedures for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Enlargement in New York State and California (2005-2016) (2020)

Transurethral prostatectomy was associated with higher risk of short and long-term complications but a lower rate of long-term reoperation than laser prostatectomy for benign prostatic enlargement.
A hierarchical approach to high resolution edge contour reconstruction (1996)

Efficient edge detection algorithms such as Canny's (1986) fail near curve singularities. Moreover, the standard linking algorithms used on top of these detectors often fail because of instabilities in the tracking process (due to multiple responses to the same edge and interference of nearby edges). We propose a hierarchical approach to edge detection based on a graph stabilization method that allows bifurcation resolution in stages. Curve singularities are recovered at the last stage by using "top-down" feedback to select the best curve connections.
Effects of Alzheimer Disease on Fronto-parietal Brain N-acetyl Aspartate and Myo-Inositol Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (2006)

Previous magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) reporting reduced N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and increased myo-Inositol (mI) used single voxel techniques, which have limited ability to assess the regional distribution of the metabolite abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine the regional distribution of NAA and mI alterations in AD by using MR spectroscopic imaging. Fourteen patients with AD and 22 cognitively normal elderly were studied using structural MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging. Changes of NAA, mI, and various metabolite ratios were measured in frontal and parietal lobe gray matter (GM) and white matter. This study found: (1) when compared with cognitively normal subjects, AD patients had increased mI and mI/creatine (Cr) ratios primarily in parietal lobe GM, whereas frontal lobe GM and white matter were spared; (2) in the same region where mI was increased, AD patients had also decreased NAA and NAA/Cr ratios, replicating previous findings; (3) however, increased mI or mI/Cr ratios did not correlate with decreased NAA or NAA/Cr ratios; and (4) using mI/Cr and NAA/Cr together improved sensitivity and specificity to AD from control as compared with NAA/Cr alone. In conclusion, decreased NAA and increased mI in AD are primarily localized in parietal lobe GM regions. However, the NAA and mI changes are not correlated with each other, suggesting that they represent different processes that might help staging of AD.
An Incentive Scheme for VANETs based on Traffic Event Validation using Blockchain (2020)

A large amount of data is involved in an effective and timely exchange of traffic information between vehicles in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), which ensures efficiency and reliability. VANETs assist in sharing traffic information effectively and timely to improve traffic efficiency and reliability. However, less storage capability and selfish behavior of the vehicles are important issues that need to be tackled. Moreover, traditional storage mechanisms require the involvement of third parties, which are insecure, untrustworthy, non-transparent, and unreliable. To overcome these issues, we proposed a blockchain-based data storage scheme for VANETs by exploiting the benefits of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), which is deployed on Road Side Units (RSUs). Furthermore, RSUs are able to receive the aggregation packet comprising of the event information acquired from the vehicles. After receiving and verifying the aggregation packet, the RSU stores the event's information in IPFS and the reputation values of vehicles in blockchain. Moreover, we proposed an incentive mechanism in this work, in which monetary incentives are given to the repliers who agree with the vehicle regarding the event information. The incentives are given by the initiator after verifying the signatures of the repliers. All the transactions involved in the incentive process are stored in blockchain. The simulation results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of transaction cost and storage savings in VANETs.
Resonance behaviour of a pulsed electronic control gear for dielectric barrier discharges (2010)

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) light source, characterized as a capacitive load with a poor power factor, is operated with the sinusoidal pulse (SP) topology to obtain high efficiency of the radiation source as well as of the electronic control gear. The topology provides a pulse consisting of three sinusoidal half-waves that causes three alternating ignitions to obtain high plasma efficiency and homogeneity. Beside the main resonance providing a resonant voltage overshoot to drive the DBD, parasitic resonances occur between pulses. Especially the parallel resonance among DBD capacitance and transformer's mutual inductance is of concern as it can affect efficiency and reliability. This paper describes the operation mode of the SP topology, mechanisms of formation and ways to manage parasitic resonances. Parameter variation of circuit components and variation of semiconductor switching patterns have been investigated. Enhanced switching patterns showed significant advantages compared to the standard switching pattern.
776 Role of optimal cytoreduction in advanced stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, data from the MITO-9 trial (2021)

<h3></h3> Introduction/Background* the role of optimal cytoreduction in advanced stage MOGCTs is still a debated issue, considering the high chemosensitivity of these tumors and young patients’ age. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of residual tumor at primary surgery in advanced stage MOGCTs. Methodology clinicopathological data from patients with stage III-IV MOGCTs were retrospectively collected among MITO centers (Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer and gynecologic malignancies) and analyzed. All patients underwent primary surgery. Optimal cytoreduction was defined as macroscopic residual tumor=0. All patients received adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinicopathological features were evaluated for association with relapse. <h3>Result(s)*</h3> 42 patients were included. 18 (42.8%) were affected by dysgerminomas, 24 (57.2%) by non-disgerminomatous MOGCTs. 24 patients (57.2%) achieved optimal cytoreduction at primary surgery (residual tumor=0). No statistical difference was detected in stage distribution, age, rate of optimal cytoreduction between the dysgerminomas and non dysgerminomatous groups. Median 5year- disease free survival (DFS) rates were 87.8% and 50.0% for dysgerminomas and non-dysgerminomas, respectively. In the whole cohort, there was no difference in terms of 5 years-DFS according to residual tumor at primary surgery (74.6% vs 56.0%, p=0.25). Residual tumor at primary surgery was a prognostic factor for DFS only for non-dysgerminomatous MOGCTs (64% vs 30% for optimal vs suboptimal cytoreduction, respectively, p=0.05). Conclusion* in the present study, optimal cytoreduction at primary surgery was a prognostic factor affecting disease-free survival only for non-disgerminomatous MOGCTs.
A Dataset for Assessing Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics (2010)

We describe a dataset containing 16,000 translations produced by four machine translation systems and manually annotated for quality by professional translators. This dataset can be used in a range of tasks assessing machine translation evaluation metrics, from basic correlation analysis to training and test of machine learning-based metrics. By providing a standard dataset for such tasks, we hope to encourage the development of better MT evaluation metrics. 1.
Nanofluidic Digital PCR for KRAS Mutation Detection and Quantification in Gastrointestinal Cancer (2012)

Digital PCR provides a robust, quantitative measure of the proportion of KRAS mutant alleles in routinely obtained samples. It also allows a better classification of tumors, with potential clinical relevance.
Synthesis of Small Molecules Targeting Multiple DNA Structures using Click Chemistry (2012)

The ability of small molecules to target DNA forms the basis of many clinically used antitumour agents. This study examines the effects of novel 9-aminoacridine carboxamides, synthesised by click chemistry based upon the reactions of either 9-(2-azidoethyl)amino or 9-propargylaminoacridine compounds, on various types of DNA tertiary structures. This gave either monomeric or dimeric compounds, the dimeric derivatives being the first unsymmetrical acridine dimers to be described. The compounds were assayed for duplex DNA, quadruplex DNA and four-way junction DNA binding. Their antiproliferative activity in the Human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line, HL60, was also assessed. Although for some of the compounds, notably the acridine 4-carboxamides, activity correlated with DNA binding affinity, for others it did not, with the rigidly linked dimers in particular showing a complicated relationship between 3- and 4-carboxamide structure and biological activity. The monomeric 3-carboxamides were more effective at stabilising G-quadruplex structures and also gave more hits in the four-way junction stabilisation assay. There is clear evidence from the binding of the 3-carboxamides that these compounds destabilise the open X form of the junction at lower concentrations and stabilise the X-stacked at higher concentrations. This might have implications for the biological activity of these compounds against proteins that bind to the Holliday junction (HJ).
Boiling effect in liquid nitrogen directly cooled Yb^3+:YAG laser (2016)

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) behavior on the surface of excited Yb(3+):YAG is investigated using fluorometry. From the time-resolved temperature variations and integrated fluorescence spectra intensity on this directly cooled Yb(3+):YAG surface, we observe a phase transition of LN2 from nucleate boiling to film boiling. As a result of this pool boiling, good beam quality should occur when the temperature and heat flux at an excited surface of Yb(3+):YAG are below 95 K and 15.8 W/cm2, respectively. That is, the LN2 should remain in a steady state of nucleate boiling to produce good beam quality using pool boiling.
4x4 optical packet switching of asynchronous burst optical packets with a prototype, 4x4 label processing and switching sub-system (2010)

We report a prototype, 4x4 (4 input/4 output) label processing and switching sub-system for 10-Gb/s asynchronous burst variable-length optical packets. With the prototype, we perform a 4x4 optical packet switching demonstration, achieving error-free (BER<10(-12)) label processing and switching operation for all possible input/output combinations (16 switching paths) simultaneously. Power consumption and latency of the entire, self-contained sub-system is 83 W (includes fan power) and 300 ns, respectively.
Cardiac troponins and renal disease (2004)

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in patients with renal failure. Patients with renal failure are at greater risk of atypical presentations of myocardial ischaemia. Traditional markers of myocardial damage are often increased in renal failure in the absence of clinically suspect myocardial ischaemia. The cardiac troponins are specific markers of myocardial injury. Large-scale trials, excluding patients with renal disease, have shown the importance of the cardiac troponins in predicting adverse outcome and in guiding both therapy and intervention in acute coronary syndromes. Cardiac Troponin T and cardiac Troponin I are increased in patients with renal failure and this is likely to represent multifactorial pathology including cardiac dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac microinfarctions. Increases in serum troponin from baseline, in patients with renal disease with acute coronary syndromes, may represent a poor prognosis. Small studies of patients with renal failure have suggested that elevation of the cardiac troponins is associated with an increased risk of cardiac death.
A preliminary study using quantitative DISE analysis to describe outcomes after upper airway surgery using TORS in patients with OSA. (2012)

Objectives: To investigate whether airway caliber changes quantified from a preoperative Propofol sleep endoscopy can be used to describe post-operative outcomes in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS).
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat- trans -Activation-Responsive Region Interaction by an Antiviral Quinolone Derivative (2004)

WM5, a 6-aminoquinolone derivative, binds with high affinity to the bulge of the trans-activation-responsive region (TAR), whereas it displays low binding affinity for the loop and stem regions of TAR and for random RNA and DNA sequences. Furthermore, WM5 disrupts the natural protein-nucleic acid complex with a 50% inhibitory concentration in the low micromolar range in both in vitro and in vivo assays.
Development, growth, propagation, and angiographic utilization of the rabbit VX2 model of liver cancer: a pictorial primer and “how to” guide (2014)

The VX2 tumor is a leporine anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma characterized by rapid growth, hypervascularity, and facile propagation in the skeletal muscle. Since its introduction over 70 years ago, it has been used to model a variety of malignancies, and is commonly employed by interventional radiologists in preclinical investigations of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, despite the widespread and lasting popularity of the model, there are few technical resources detailing its use. Herein, we present a comprehensive pictorial outline of the technical methodology for development, growth, propagation, and angiographic utilization of the rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.
Data from Resection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers Reverses Tumor-Induced Gene Expression Changes in the Peripheral Immune System (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To characterize the interactions of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors with the immune system at the level of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression and to define expression signatures that characterize the presence of a malignant tumor versus a nonmalignant nodule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We have examined the changes of both mRNA and miRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between paired samples collected from NSCLC patients before and after tumor removal using Illumina gene expression arrays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found that malignant tumor removal significantly changes expression of more than 3,000 protein-coding genes, especially genes in pathways associated with suppression of the innate immune response, including natural killer cell signaling and apoptosis-associated ceramide signaling. Binding sites for the ETS domain transcription factors &lt;i&gt;ELK1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ELK4&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;SPI1&lt;/i&gt; were enriched in promoter regions of genes upregulated in the presence of a tumor. Additional important regulators included five miRNAs expressed at significantly higher levels before tumor removal. Repressed protein-coding targets of those miRNAs included many transcription factors, several involved in immunologically important pathways. Although there was a significant overlap in the effects of malignant tumors and benign lung nodules on &lt;i&gt;PBMC&lt;/i&gt; gene expression, we identified one gene panel which indicates a tumor or nodule presence and a second panel that can distinguish malignant from nonmalignant nodules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; A tumor presence in the lung influences mRNA and miRNA expression in PBMC and this influence is reversed by tumor removal. These results suggest that &lt;i&gt;PBMC&lt;/i&gt; gene expression signatures could be used for lung cancer diagnosis. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(18); 5867–77. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mean Blood Glucose and Biological Variation Have Greater Influence on HbA1c Levels Than Glucose Instability (2006)

MBG and BV have a large influence on A1C, whereas SDBG is relatively unimportant. Consideration of BV as well as MBG in the interpretation of A1C may enhance our ability to monitor diabetes management and predict complications.
Role of TI-VAMP and CD82 in EGFR cell-surface dynamics and signaling (2010)

The v-SNARE TI-VAMP (VAMP7) mediates exocytosis during neuritogenesis, phagocytosis and lysosomal secretion. It localizes to endosomes and lysosomes but also to the trans-Golgi network. Here we show that depletion of TI-VAMP enhances the endocytosis of activated EGF receptor (EGFR) without affecting constitutive endocytosis of EGFR, or transferrin uptake. This increased EGFR internalization is mainly clathrin dependent. Searching for defects in EGFR regulators, we found that TI-VAMP depletion reduces the cell surface amount of CD82, a tetraspanin known to control EGFR localization in microdomains. We further show that TI-VAMP is required for secretion from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface, and that TI-VAMP-positive vesicles transport CD82. Quantum dots video-microscopy indicates that depletion of TI-VAMP, or its cargo CD82, restrains EGFR diffusion and the area explored by EGFR at the cell surface. Both depletions also impair MAPK signaling and enhance endocytosis of activated EGFR by increased recruitment of AP-2. These results highlight the role of TI-VAMP in the secretory pathway of a tetraspanin, and support a model in which CD82 allows EGFR entry in microdomains that control its clathrin-dependent endocytosis and signaling.
Detailed Pilots Specification (2018)

The Electronic Archiving Service consists of a series of activities covered by software tools and manual workflow steps. These tools are currently partly in existence, some are being developed by E-ARK project, many more are to be added by developments of the digital preservation community in the future. The role of this report is to identify the most relevant scenarios for the E-ARK Service, define which scenario which level of activity is needed in order to bridge the gap of the currently existing solutions (e.g. integration, software development, interface definition)
Development and evaluation of a multi-wavelength multi-channel time resolved optical instrument for NIR/MRI mammography co-registration (2003)

We have developed a multi-channel/multi-wavelength photon counting instrument to perform near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and tomography simultaneously with a magnetic resonance scanner. The instrument has been tested with phantoms mimicking relevant breast configurations. Accuracy limits of absolute and relative optical properties determination are analyzed. Then, clinical in-vivo preliminary results are presented.
Performance Characteristics of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with the Anodic Supply Mode (2007)

The water transport inside a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) varied according to the anodic supply mode. The performance characteristics of a PEFC which can be affected by the water transport were observed with the anodic supply mode. In the flow-through and recirculation mode the performance showed no reduction with time because the flow in the anode was not stagnated. In the dead-end mode, without any discharged gas, the water remains inside of the anode, which caused the reduction of the performance with the lapse of time. However, even in the dead-end mode, little reduction of the performance with time was shown when only the anode was humidified externally. It means that the back-diffusion was the major factor to the accumulation of water in the anode rather than external humidification.
Intramolecular charge transfer properties of dicyanovinyl-substituted aromatics (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular charge transfer properties of dicyanovinyl-substituted aromaticsAlan R. Katritzky, Dong Wei Zhu, and Kirk S. SchanzeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 15, 5737–5742Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100168a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100168a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts