gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary TAG source and level affect performance and lipase expression in larval sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (2004)

The influence of dietary TAG source (fish oil, triolein, and coconut oil) and level (7.5 and 15% of the diet) on growth, lipase activity, and mRNA level was studied in sea bass larvae, from mouth opening until day 24 and from day 37 to 52. Fish oil and triolein induced better growth in both experiments, this being significant at a higher dietary level. Coconut oil significantly decreased growth at the higher level, possibly as the result of an excessive supply of medium-chain TAG. Growth was not related to lipase specific activity, suggesting a production in excess to dietary needs. Body lipid content was positively related to dietary lipid level and was affected by lipid quality. In addition, larval FA composition generally reflected that of the diet. The source of dietary lipid, but not the quantity, was shown to affect lipase activity significantly. Coconut oil diets induced the highest lipase activity, whereas the effect of fish oil was age dependent-it was similar to coconut oil at day 24 but induced the lowest lipase activity in 52-d-old larvae. The differential lipase response was probably caused by differences in the FA composition of the diet, related to the specificity of lipase toward FA differing in chain length and degree of saturation. No significant differences were found in lipase/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, which suggests the existence of a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism.
GEOMETRIC COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE FOR CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (2021)

Objective: A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA methodology to evaluate indications, patient selection, surgery, and results associated with geometric compensation technique (GCT). Methods: Approved by Ethics Committee 1594/2018. A search was conducted for publications addressing patients with breast cancer undergoing extreme oncoplasty (EO) and/or reports of cases of patients with breast cancer undergoing GCT, split reduction technique (SRT), or techniques with same principles to evaluate indications and recent developments in literature. The research was carried out until October 12, 2020 in eight medical databases. The descriptors searched for in title/abstract were: (“Breast Neoplasm” AND “Mastectomy Segmental”) AND (Mammaplasty OR “Geometric Compensation” OR “Split Reduction” OR “Extreme Oncoplasty”). Results: In the systematic review, 3,584 articles were evaluated, 19 articles were selected, 243 patients undergoing GCT were found. Of the 19 articles, 6 need mention. The indication ranged from tumors close to skin in upper and outer quadrants to all quadrants and large (&gt;5 cm) multifocal tumors, favoring breast conserving surgery instead of mastectomy, with high rates of free margins, low recurrence, and good aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions: GCT is an oncologically safe and aesthetically satisfactory option for the surgical removal of large tumors in breast or in unfavorable resection sites, which is the initial candidate for mastectomy. Regardless of the name used for its diffusion, split reduction, or geometric compensation, it is a really good surgical technique. It is important to organize literature because dissemination of GCT can benefit many women, otherwise it would be restricted to some surgeons.
Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Lateral-Flow Immunochromatographic Point-of-Care Device for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Serum and Whole Blood (2007)

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common human pathogen that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations in humans. In order to provide near-patient results to allow for faster counseling and treatment, a rapid point-of-care test that is accurate and simple to use is desirable. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of an HSV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific antibody lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on colloidal gold nanoparticles. A total of 359 serum samples and 100 whole-blood samples were tested in the newly developed HSV-2 LFIA. Serum results were compared to those from the HerpeSelect HSV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and whole-blood sample results were compared to those of both ELISA and HerpeSelect HSV-1 and -2 immunoblotting (IB). The sensitivity of the HSV-2 LFIA compared to that of the HerpeSelect ELISA was 100% (89/89), and the specificity was 97.3% (257/264). Cross-reactivity with HSV-1 IgG-positive serum samples was observed in 2.6% (5/196) of samples, 2.9% (1/34) for rubella virus, and 6.2% (1/16) for Epstein-Barr virus. No cross-reactivity in varicella-zoster virus or cytomegalovirus IgG-positive serum samples was observed. No interference was observed from bilirubin-, triglyceride-, albumin-, or hemoglobin-spiked samples. The concordance of the LFIA results between capillary whole blood, EDTA-treated venous whole blood, heparin-treated venous whole blood, and serum was 99% (99/100). In conclusion, the LFIA for HSV-2 IgG-specific antibodies demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity, and concordance for both serum and whole-blood samples compared to the sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of both HSV-2 ELISA and IB.
Long-term Effects of Metformin on Metabolism and Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2009)

Metformin, added to insulin in patients with DM2, improved body weight, glycemic control, and insulin requirements but did not improve the primary end point. Metformin did, however, reduce the risk of macrovascular disease after a follow-up period of 4.3 years. These sustained beneficial effects support the policy to continue metformin treatment after the introduction of insulin in any patient with DM2, unless contraindicated. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00375388.
Proteasas alcalinas de una cepa nativa de Bacillus sp Alcalofílico (2006)

Se evaluó el efecto de cuatro fuentes de nitrógeno sobre la actividad enzimática de proteasas alcalinas, secretadas por una cepa nativa de Bacillus sp Alcalofílico, cultivada a diferentes concentraciones de LMF (Licor de Maíz Fermentado). El crecimiento de la cepa no es afectado por los pH de inoculación de 7,0; 8,5 y 9,5; en contraste con la actividad enzimática y producción de proteína verdadera, que tuvieron sus mejores resultados a pH inicial de 8,5. A este pH se evaluaron dos fuentes de nitrógeno orgánico (extracto de levadura y peptona) y dos inorgánicos (NH4Cl y NaNO3 PACS: 87.17.Uv
Net Adsorption: A Thermodynamic Framework for Supercritical Gas Adsorption and Storage in Porous Solids (2010)

The thermodynamic treatment of adsorption phenomena is based on the Gibbs dividing surface, which is conceptually clear for a flat surface. On a flat surface, the primary extensive property is the area of the solid. As applications became more significant, necessitating microporous solids, early researchers such as McBain and Coolidge implemented the Gibbs definition by invoking a reference state for microporous solids. The mass of solid is used as a primary extensive property because surface area loses its physical meaning for microporous solids. A reference state is used to fix the hypothetical hyperdividing surface typically using helium as a probe molecule, resulting in the commonly used excess adsorption; experimentalists measure this reference state for each new sample. Molecular simulations, however, provide absolute adsorption. Theoreticians perform helium simulations to convert absolute to excess adsorption, mimicking experiments for comparison. This current structure of adsorption thermodynamics is rigorous (if the conditions for reference state helium measurements are completely disclosed) but laborious. In addition, many studies show that helium, or any other probe molecule for that matter, does adsorb, albeit to a small extent. We propose a novel thermodynamic framework, net adsorption, which completely circumvents the use of probe molecules to fix the reference state for each microporous sample. Using net adsorption, experimentalists calibrate their apparatus only once without any sample in the system. Theoreticians can directly calculate net adsorption; no additional simulations with a probe gas are necessary. Net adsorption also provides a direct indication of the density enhancement achieved (by using an adsorbent) over simple compression for gas (e.g., hydrogen) storage applications.
Semantic-Aware Image Compressed Sensing (2023)

Deep learning based image compressed sensing (CS) has achieved great success. However, existing CS systems mainly adopt a fixed measurement matrix to images, ignoring the fact the optimal measurement numbers and bases are different for different images. To further improve the sensing efficiency, we propose a novel semantic-aware image CS system. In our system, the encoder first uses a fixed number of base CS measurements to sense different images. According to the base CS results, the encoder then employs a policy network to analyze the semantic information in images and determines the measurement matrix for different image areas. At the decoder side, a semantic-aware initial reconstruction network is developed to deal with the changes of measurement matrices used at the encoder. A rate-distortion training loss is further introduced to dynamically adjust the average compression ratio for the semantic-aware CS system and the policy network is trained jointly with the encoder and the decoder in an en-to-end manner by using some proxy functions. Numerical results show that the proposed semantic-aware image CS system is superior to the traditional ones with fixed measurement matrices.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Interleukin-6 and G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Regulate Angiopoietin-2 Expression in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Interleukin-6 and G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Regulate Angiopoietin-2 Expression in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
Road maintenance optimization through a discrete-time semi-Markov decision process (2012)

Optimization models are necessary for efficient and cost-effective maintenance of a road network. In this regard, road deterioration is commonly modeled as a discrete-time Markov process such that an optimal maintenance policy can be obtained based on the Markov decision process, or as a renewal process such that an optimal maintenance policy can be obtained based on the renewal theory. However, the discrete-time Markov process cannot capture the real time at which the state transits while the renewal process considers only one state and one maintenance action. In this paper, road deterioration is modeled as a semi-Markov process in which the state transition has the Markov property and the holding time in each state is assumed to follow a discrete Weibull distribution. Based on this semi-Markov process, linear programming models are formulated for both infinite and finite planning horizons in order to derive optimal maintenance policies to minimize the life-cycle cost of a road network. A hypothetical road network is used to illustrate the application of the proposed optimization models. The results indicate that these linear programming models are practical for the maintenance of a road network having a large number of road segments and that they are convenient to incorporate various constraints on the decision process, for example, performance requirements and available budgets. Although the optimal maintenance policies obtained for the road network are randomized stationary policies, the extent of this randomness in decision making is limited. The maintenance actions are deterministic for most states and the randomness in selecting actions occurs only for a few states.
An Introduction to Impulse Radar (1990)

Abstract : An impulse radar is one whose waveform is a single-cycle sinewave. Its most distinctive characteristic is its very wide relative-bandwidth. Much has been said and claimed for such a radar, as compared to conventional narrowband radar; but there is very little written about what it is, what it can and cannot do, and what is required to achieve such radars in practice. This report begins with a description of the spectrum of an impulse radar as compared to the more usual short-pulse radar. The requirements, problems, and current technology of the various subsystem that make up an impulse radar (transmitters, receivers, and antennas) are discussed. All three of these major subsystems for an impulse radar are presently far from adequate for practical applications (other than for probing underground). A number of problem areas are reviewed, including electromagnetic compatibility, target scattering, the radar is discussed and the differences noted. Several potential applications are briefly reviewed, including target-to-clutter enhancement, target recognition, resolution of low-altitude multipath, and target scattering enhancement, as well as its successful use for underground probing. Currently, the claims made for many of the proposed applications have been justified, but the major differences between the impulse radar and conventional radar provide interesting technical challenges that would be worthy of fundamental investigation and understanding.
Receptor-activated Ca2+ inflow in animal cells: a variety of pathways tailored to meet different intracellular Ca2+ signalling requirements (1999)

Receptor-activated Ca2+ channels (RACCs) play a central role in regulation of the functions of animal cells. Together with voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and ligand-gated non-selective cation channels, RACCs provide a variety of pathways by which Ca2+ can be delivered to the cytoplasmic space and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in order to initiate or maintain specific types of intracellular Ca2+ signal. Store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs), which are activated by a decrease in Ca2+ in the ER, are a major subfamily of RACCs. A careful analysis of the available data is required in order to discern the different types of RACCs (differentiated chiefly on the basis of ion selectivity and mechanism of activation) and to properly develop hypotheses for structures and mechanisms of activation. Despite much intensive research, the structures and mechanisms of activation of RACCs are only now beginning to be understood. In considering the physiological functions of the different RACCs, it is useful to consider the specificity for Ca2+ of each type of cation channel and the rate at which Ca2+ flows through a single open channel; the locations of the channels on the plasma membrane (in relation to the ER, cytoskeleton and other intracellular units of structure and function); the Ca2+-responsive enzymes and proteins; and the intracellular buffers and proteins that control the distribution of Ca2+ in the cytoplasmic space. RACCs which are non-selective cation channels can deliver Ca2+ directly to specific regions of the cytoplasmic space, and can also admit Na+, which induces depolarization of the plasma membrane, the opening of VOCCs and the subsequent inflow of Ca2+. SOCs appear to deliver Ca2+ specifically to the ER, thereby maintaining oscillating Ca2+ signals.
Melancholia with onset during treatment with SSRIs. (1998)

A defined group of medical records was surveyed for patients who showed onset of major depression with melancholic features while taking an antidepressant medication. Nine cases resulted. In all the antidepressants being taken while melancholia began were SSRIs and the melancholic depression remitted rapidly with the first treatment given, bupropion in five males, nortriptyline with triiodothyronine in two females, and ECT in one male and one female. This suggests that patients who take SSRIs and are melancholic respond well to bupropion, nortriptyline, or ECT. These observations complement reports of low responsivity of melancholic depression to SSRIs and distinctions between melancholic and nonmelancholic depressions.
A new method for glyceride composition determination by colorimetry (1981)

Abstract A new method was devised for determination of glyceride composition of fats by oxidation, fractionation of the derived azeleoglycerides by thin layer chromatography and quantitation of the fractions obtained by colorimetry. The method was first standardized with standard triglyceride mixtures and was then applied to wegetable oils and their interesterified mixtures. It appeared to work very well in all cases, including directed interesterified mixtures where the lipase hydrolysis method of glyceride estimation is unsuitable.
Case of limbic encephalitis with anti‐neutral glycosphingolipid antibodies (2016)

Abstract We describe a case of a 44‐year‐old man with limbic encephalitis and refractory epileptic seizure. He was found to have developed flaccid paraplegia when he recovered from status epilepticus. Electrophysiological examinations disclosed axonal neuropathy of the lower limbs with nerve roots involvement. Brain fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral medial temporal hyperintensities. Anti‐neutral glycolipid antibodies were detected in the acute phase serum, but disappeared after immunomodulatory therapy. A previous study has shown that anti‐neutral glycolipid antibodies are present in encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy cases. The present patient initially showed limbic encephalitis phenotype followed by involvement of nerve roots and peripheral nerves, just like in previous encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy cases. The present case strongly suggests that encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy might include a phenotype of limbic encephalitis, although we do not have definite grounds for this assumption, which remains to be elucidated. Nevertheless, examination of anti‐neutral glycolipids antibodies is highly recommended for future similar cases.
Envy-Free Pricing in Large Markets (2017)

We study the classic setting of envy-free pricing, in which a single seller chooses prices for its many items, with the goal of maximizing revenue once the items are allocated. Despite the large body of work addressing such settings, most versions of this problem have resisted good approximation factors for maximizing revenue; this is true even for the classic unit-demand case. In this article, we study envy-free pricing with unit-demand buyers, but unlike previous work we focus on large markets: ones in which the demand of each buyer is infinitesimally small compared to the size of the overall market. We assume that the buyer valuations for the items they desire have a nice (although reasonable) structure, that is, that the aggregate buyer demand has a monotone hazard rate and that the values of every buyer type come from the same support. For such large markets, our main contribution is a 1.88-approximation algorithm for maximizing revenue, showing that good pricing schemes can be computed when the number of buyers is large. We also give a ( e ,2)-bicriteria algorithm that simultaneously approximates both maximum revenue and welfare, thus showing that it is possible to obtain both good revenue and welfare at the same time. We further generalize our results by relaxing some of our assumptions and quantify the necessary tradeoffs between revenue and welfare in our setting. Our results are the first known approximations for large markets and crucially rely on new lower bounds, which we prove for the revenue-maximizing prices.
Band Gap Narrowing in Silane-Grafted ZnO Nanocrystals. A Comprehensive Study by Wide-Angle X-ray Total Scattering Methods (2021)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a largely investigated semiconducting nanomaterial for photocatalytic applications and is an excellent active layer candidate in photovoltaics. Among native defects, having a primary role in ZnO optoelectronic properties, the influence of nearly ubiquitous planar faults of wurtzite sequences in ultrasmall (≤5 nm) nanocrystals (NCs) remains poorly understood. Here, we present a thorough study of ZnO NCs prepared under morphological control of covalently grafted vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and exhibiting either narrowing or widening of the band gap upon NCs downsizing, depending on the NC growth rate. By using synchrotron X-ray total scattering data, atomistic models and the Debye Scattering Equation (DSE) method, complemented by spectroscopic (FTIR and UV–vis) investigations, we provide a comprehensive quantitative picture in which effects from planar defects are disentangled from those due to NC size, morphology, and lattice strain (here controlled by preferential binding of VTMS on the ZnO basal faces). When faults occur in high concentration (linear density up to 1.6 × 106 cm–1), NCs exhibit optical band gap narrowing (3.27 eV vs 3.37 eV in bulk ZnO), whereas gap widening (3.52 eV) is observed at a lower density (0.8 × 106 cm–1), at which quantum-size confinement effects prevail. Supported by photoluminescence and photodegradation experiments, surface defect passivation by VTMS, affecting visible emissions and photocatalytic properties of ZnO, is also discussed in relation to silane coating and fault-driven bandgap. This work sheds light on the complex interplay among planar defects, quantum size effect, and surface modifications in ultrasmall ZnO NCs and on the importance of advanced X-ray total scattering methods toward atomically precise control of defects in nanostructures.
Combined Effect of Vancomycin or Teicoplanin Plus a ^|^beta;-lactam Antibiotic in Mouse Infection Models Caused by^|^beta;-lactam Antibiotec-lnduced Vancomycin Resistant MRSA (BIVR) (2006)

The concomitant use of low concentration beta-lactam antibiotics antagonizes the activity of vancomycin against some strains of MRSA. These strains, called beta-lactam antibiotic-induced vancomycin resistant MRSA (BIVR), have been increasing for a number of years. We previously reported that the combination of VCM and ceftizoxime displayed this antagonism not only in vitro, but also in vivo, in a systemic infection caused by BIVR in mice. In the present study, we validated the antagonism in combinations of VCM with other beta-lactams, i.e., flomoxef (FMOX), ampicillin (AMPC), azthreonam (AZT) and imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS), in systemic infections and pneumoniain in mice. The survival rate of the mice with systemic infections caused by BIVR treated with combinations of FMOX, AMPC, AZT, and IPM/CS with VCM were significantly lower than with VCM monotherapy, and the number of residual viable cells in the kidneys of mice treated with combinations of FMOX and IPM/CS with VCM were significantly higher than with VCM monotherapy The number of residual viable cells in the lungs of mice with pneumonia caused by BIVR treated with the combination of IPM/CS and VCM was significantly higher than with VCM monotherapy. On the other hand, the survival rate with combination therapy consistings IPM/CS plus teicoplanin (T EIC) was significantly higher, and the number of residual viable cells in the kidney was significantly lower, than with TEIC monotherapy alone. In the mice with pneumonia, the number of residual viable cells in the lung after combination therapy with IPM/CS and TEIC was significantly lower than with TEIC monotherapy. Combination therapy with beta-lactams plus VCM showed antagonistic in models of systemic infection and pulmonary infection caused by BIVR, whereas combination therapy consisting of a beta-lactam plus TEIC had a synergistic effect in the same models, even though VCM and TEIC are member of the same glycopeptide antibiotic class.