gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Basis for New Pattern of Conserved Amino Acid Residues Related to Chitin-binding in the Antifungal Peptide from the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (2003)

Scarabaecin isolated from hemolymph of the coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros is a 36-residue polypeptide that has antifungal activity. The solution structure of scarabaecin has been determined from twodimensional 1H NMR spectroscopic data and hybrid distance geometry-simulated annealing protocol calculation. Based on 492 interproton and 10 hydrogen-bonding distance restraints and 36 dihedral angle restraints, we obtained 20 structures. The average backbone root-mean-square deviation for residues 4-35 is 0.728 +/- 0.217 A from the mean structure. The solution structure consists of a two-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet connected by a type-I beta-turn after a short helical turn. All secondary structures and a conserved disulfide bond are located in the C-terminal half of the peptide, residues 18-36. Overall folding is stabilized by a combination of a disulfide bond, seven hydrogen bonds, and numerous hydrophobic interactions. The structural motif of the C-terminal half shares a significant tertiary structural similarity with chitin-binding domains of plant and invertebrate chitin-binding proteins, even though scarabaecin has no overall sequence similarity to other peptide/polypeptides including chitin-binding proteins. The length of its primary structure, the number of disulfide bonds, and the pattern of conserved functional residues binding to chitin in scarabaecin differ from those of chitin-binding proteins in other invertebrates and plants, suggesting that scarabaecin does not share a common ancestor with them. These results are thought to provide further strong experimental evidence to the hypothesis that chitin-binding proteins of invertebrates and plants are correlated by a convergent evolution process.
Inflammatory Cutaneous Metastases from Cloacogenic Carcinoma of the Anus (1995)

Cutaneous metastases can present in various forms, including the inflammatory pattern. Because this form mimics other conditions, it is prudent to biopsy any suspicious skin lesion in cancer patients, as it may considerably affect prognosis.
Variable ventilation induces endogenous surfactant release in normal guinea pigs (2003)

Variable or noisy ventilation, which includes random breath-to-breath variations in tidal volume (Vt) and frequency, has been shown to consistently improve blood oxygenation during mechanical ventilation in various models of acute lung injury. To further understand the effects of variable ventilation on lung physiology and biology, we mechanically ventilated 11 normal guinea pigs for 3 h using constant-Vt ventilation (n = 6) or variable ventilation (n = 5). After 3 h of ventilation, each animal underwent whole lung lavage for determination of alveolar surfactant content and composition, while protein content was assayed as a possible marker of injury. Another group of animals underwent whole lung lavage in the absence of mechanical ventilation to serve as an unventilated control group (n = 5). Although lung mechanics did not vary significantly between groups, we found that variable ventilation improved oxygenation, increased surfactant levels nearly twofold, and attenuated alveolar protein content compared with animals ventilated with constant Vt. These data demonstrate that random variations in Vt promote endogenous release of biochemically intact surfactant, which improves alveolar stability, apparently reducing lung injury.
Trapped fields beyond 14 tesla in bulk YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/ (2001)

Bulk YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// material with single-domain grains up to 35 mm in diameter was prepared by a modified melt-texturing process. The pinning properties were improved by chemical doping of Zn on Cu plane sites resulting in a well pronounced peak effect in the field dependence of the critical current density. Trapped fields of more than 1.1 T at 77 K have been obtained in a zinc-doped YBCO disk of only 27 mm in diameter. Higher trapped fields are observed at lower temperatures due to the increasing critical current density, however, at temperatures between 50 and 20 K, the trapped field is limited by the mechanical properties. Using a bandage made of steel, very high trapped fields were achieved in the 1 mm gap between two YBCO disks. Trapped fields up to 14.4 T were found at 22.5 K in such minimagnets containing silver precipitates, whereas the trapped fields of zinc-doped minimagnets reached values of 11.2 T at 47 K.
Application of radiative transport theory to light extraction from organic light emitting diodes (2004)

One limitation on organic light emitting diode (OLED) performance is the optical extraction efficiency ηex, which is defined as the ratio of light generated within the device to light emitted into the ambient. Typical estimates for ηex, in OLEDs range between 0.17 and 0.5. We develop a simple radiative transport model that quantifies the effect of volumetric light scattering on light output in OLEDs in terms of a small set of readily measured parameters. The methodology is sufficiently general to parametrize and describe many of the light extraction schemes found in the literature. A set of model calculations is presented using typical OLED parameters; these calculations show that the introduction of light scattering sites within the otherwise transparent substrate can increase light extraction efficiencies to values between 0.55 and 1.
Glyphosate Toxicity to Common Milkweed and Hemp Dogbane as Influenced by Surfactants (1977)

Surfactants were evaluated in the greenhouse for their ability to enhance glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine] toxicity to common milkweed ( Asclepias syriaca L.) and hemp dogbane ( Apocynum cannabinum L.). Ethoxylated amines were among the most effective groups of surfactants. Nonionic ether and ester ethoxylates combined with a dimethyl amine or a quaternary ammonium salt were more effective than any of these surfactants alone. Effectiveness of ethoxylated amine surfactants was altered by pH changes. Cat-ionic surfactants tended to be more effective than nonionic surfactants. With exceptions, surfactants were more effective with increased ethoxylation. Amine surfactant effectiveness increased with increasing concentrations up to 0.3% (w/v). Surfactant effectiveness on a molar basis was more closely related to the ethylene oxide content of the surfactant than was effectiveness on a percentage basis. Contact angle was not related to surfactant effectiveness at high or low surfactant concentrations. Ethoxylated stearyl ether and amine surfactants gave optimum effectiveness at hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of 15 to 16 and 19 to 20, respectively. Surfactants with a low HLB were usually less effective. Effectiveness of surfactant combinations was quite variable and difficult to predict. Therefore, the indiscriminate addition of surfactants to glyphosate spray mixtures which already contain a surfactant should be avoided.
BALATON and COMINO: Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials of Faricimab for Retinal Vein Occlusion (2023)

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Accurate analysis of TEM horn antennas for pulse radiation (1996)

In the past, various approximate theoretical models have been used to analyze TEM horn antennas. Because of the limitations of these approximate models, there has been, to date, only qualitative agreement of measurements for TEM horn antennas with the predictions of the theories. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to accurately analyze TEM horn antennas for pulse radiation. First, the metallic triangular-plate TEM horn antenna is considered. Computed results for the reflected voltage in the feeding transmission line and the time-varying radiated electric field are shown to be in very good agreement with new experimental measurements. Graphs of the electric field in the space surrounding the antenna (magnitude of field plotted on a color scale) are used to give a physical insight into the process of radiation. Next, the method is used to analyze two TEM horns that were previously designed for pulse radiation. The geometry and electrical properties of these antennas are more complicated than for the metallic, triangular-plate horn. One has shaped metallic plates with a resistive termination at the open end; the other has plates whose resistance varies continuously along their length. The computed results for these antennas are compared with previously made experimental measurements.
Clinical spectrum of the osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS), an advanced oral delivery form (2006)

Drug delivery using the various OROS products can result in an improved safety profile, stable drug concentrations, uniform drug effects, and reduced dosing frequency. OROS technology has also enabled the use of an effective starting dose, without the need for dose titration, which allows the achievement of symptom control much earlier than that observed with immediate-release preparations. Such attributes can enhance patient compliance and convenience, thereby ensuring efficacy and improving patient outcomes.
ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Digestive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Functional Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor Syndromes (2012)

Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine neoplasms, usually located in the duodenum or pancreas, that secrete gastrin and cause a clinical syndrome known as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by gastric acid hypersecretion resulting in severe peptic disease (peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)) In this section, ZES due to both duodenal and pancreatic gastrinomas will be covered together because clinically they are similar Specific points related to gastrinomas associated with the genetic syndrome of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) (25% of cases) will also be mentioned
Single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in the both proximal promoter and exon 3 of the APM1 gene modulate adipocyte-secreted adiponectin hormone levels and contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in French Caucasians (2002)

Adiponectin (ACRP30), an adipocyte-secreted protein encoded by the APM1 gene, is known to modulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, those effects protecting obese mice from diabetes. Plasma adiponectin levels correlate well with insulin sensitivity in humans, and are decreased in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. We screened for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) the APM1 gene coding and 5' sequences in 40 French Caucasians: 12 SNPs and 4 rare non-synonymous mutations of exon 3 were detected. The 10 most frequent SNPs were genotyped in 1373 T2D and obese French Caucasian subjects and in all subjects available from 148 T2D multiplex families. The screening for rare mutations of exon 3 was extended to 1246 T2D and obese French subjects and to the members of the 148 T2D multiplex families. A haplotype including SNPs -11391 and -11377, both located in the 5' sequences, was associated with adiponectin levels (P<0.0001) and with T2D (P=0.004). The presence of at least one non-synonymous mutation in exon 3 showed evidence of association with adiponectin levels (P=0.0009) and with T2D (P=0.005). We failed to detect an association with insulin resistance indexes. Although family-based association analysis with T2D did not reach significance, our results suggest that an at-risk haplotype of common variants located in the promoter and rare mutations in exon 3 contribute to the variation of the adipocyte-secreted adiponectin hormone level, and may be part of the genetic determinants for T2D in the French Caucasian population.
Separate pools of endonuclease activity are responsible for internucleosomal and high molecular mass DNA fragmentation during apoptosis (1994)

The oligonucleosomal pattern of DNA fragmentation is the best-characterized biochemical marker of apoptosis and believed to be generated by a, as yet unidentified, Ca2+, Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease. All apoptotic cells fragment their genome. However, not every cell type undergoing apoptosis is capable of internucleosomal DNA cleavage. We have analyzed the endonuclease activities and patterns of DNA fragmentation in four established cell lines undergoing apoptosis following serum deprivation, i.e., rat 5123tc hepatoma and PC12 pheochromocytoma, as well as human MCF7 breast and DU145 prostatic carcinoma cells. Whereas apoptotic 5123tc and PC12 cells degraded their DNA into oligonucleosomes, the MCF7 and DU145 cells generated only > 50 kilobase pairs (kbp) DNA fragments. However, when isolated nuclei from all four cell lines were incubated with both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, their DNA was cleaved into internucleosomal fragments. Following washing with a low ionic strength buffer, the nuclei could only degrade DNA to > 50-kbp fragments. DNA ladders were produced again in these washed nuclei after reconstitution with the nuclear wash, which contained an endonucleolytic activity of approximately 97 kilodaltons. These experiments showed that cells maintain separate pools of endonucleolytic activities responsible for the high and low molecular mass DNA fragmentation, and depending on the cell type, one or both enzymatic pools become activated during apoptosis.
Creating Human Machine Interface (HMI) Based Tests within Model-Based Design (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many of the multimedia and convenience features in today's passenger vehicles involve Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs), such as the radio face plate or the remote key fob. The functional requirements for these systems are often written in terms of the customer interaction with the interface device. In the past, design engineers would not begin to test requirements for these systems until prototype hardware was available. However, many product development organizations are shifting from this hardware-based traditional development cycle, which relies on designing via a prototype and test iteration, to Model-Based Design. Unfortunately, testing systems with complex human machine interface requirements becomes less intuitive when the prototypes are removed from the design process, because the test cases must be scripted into the modeling environment instead of being applied directly to a prototype of the interface device. In this paper we will show how engineers can create a “soft” representation of an automotive HMI and record the test procedure when specified as a series of interactions with the interface, such as button presses. Next, we will demonstrate how the test procedure can be captured and exported to an editable file for re-use with Model-Based Design. Lastly, we will show how a test file can be used to populate a test harness within the Simulink® software environment.&lt;/div&gt;
Apoptotic stress induces Bax-dependent, caspase-independent redistribution of LINC complex nesprins (2020)

The canonical function of Bcl-2 family proteins is to regulate mitochondrial membrane integrity. In response to apoptotic signals the multi-domain pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak are activated and perforate the mitochondrial outer membrane by a mechanism which is inhibited by their interaction with pro-survival members of the family. However, other studies have shown that Bax and Bak may have additional, non-canonical functions, which include stress-induced nuclear envelope rupture and discharge of nuclear proteins into the cytosol. We show here that the apoptotic stimuli cisplatin and staurosporine induce a Bax/Bak-dependent degradation and subcellular redistribution of nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 but not nesprin-3, of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. The degradation and redistribution were caspase-independent and did not occur in Bax/Bak double knockout (DKO) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Re-expression of Bax in Bax/Bak DKO MEFs restored stress-induced redistribution of nesprin-2 by a mechanism which requires Bax membrane localization and integrity of the α helices 5/6, and the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain. We found that nesprin-2 interacts with Bax in close proximity to perinuclear mitochondria in mouse and human cells. This interaction requires the mitochondrial targeting and N-terminal region but not the BH3 domain of Bax. Our results identify nesprin-2 as a Bax binding partner and also a new function of Bax in impairing the integrity of the LINC complex.
A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Mean Incident Light Flux Densities on Cylindrical Photoreactors and Photobioreactors from a Unique Fluence Rate Measurement (2023)

A new method to determine the hemispherical incident light (photon) flux density onto cylindrical photoreactors or photobioreactors is presented. It applies to situations where the photo(bio)reactor is radially illuminated by surrounding artificial sources or solar light. It relies on the direct measurement of a fluence rate with a spherical sensor put at the center of the reactor. Theoretical relations leading to the calculation of the hemispherical incident light flux density from the fluence rate value are established, and a web application performing those calculations is made available. It relies on a view factor, the expression of which, established for the first time with any assumption of the angular distribution of light at the boundary, is given. This requires a proper definition of the degree of collimation for the incident radiation field. Two different and complementary experimental devices are used to validate the method. As a result, the proposed method appears to be simple and reliable; it even looks faster and more accurate than actinometry for this particular geometry.
Improving IoT Communications Based on Smart Routing Algorithms (2018)

Due to the recorded success by Internet of Things (IoT) technology, more and more domains use it as a communications and exchange network such as e- health, smart cities, vehicles, etc. IoT do not stop integrating an important number of components and objects that are characterized by their complexity and heterogeneity. Such constraints make the existing routings protocols unsuitable for IoT communications. To accomplish all the expected tasks and satisfy the user services, it is important to guarantee a quality of communication that answers to the requirements of the various applications in terms of data and processing (availability, integrity, efficiency, etc.). The objective of our work in this paper is to propose a smart and efficient routing algorithm to improve the IoT communications performance. The proposed method is called SERA (Smart and Efficient Routing Algorithm) which is based on self-organization of the communications between devices according to their new parameters. The evaluation of SERA has shown that SERA improves considerably the IoT communications performance in terms of some QoS and energy efficiency parameters.
Effects of Strain Rate on Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviors of High-Strength Structural Steel (2013)

The low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of a high-strength structural steel was investigated in the strain rate range of 4×10-5-0.12 s-1 (0.001-3 Hz) under constant total strain (±1%) control. The cyclic stress response at all strain rates exhibited behavior of rapid softening in the early stage of fatigue life and subsequent saturation up to failure. It was found that the stress amplitude, the plastic strain amplitude, the plastic strain energy density and the fatigue life depend mainly on the strain rate. The strain rate of 0.012 s-1 was found as a transition point where the LCF of the steel showed different behavior from low strain rate to high strain rate. The relationship between the time to failure and strain rate was expressed well by a power law relation. The fracture surfaces of the fatigue samples were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the fracture mechanisms were discussed in terms of time-dependent deformation of the steel.
In pursuit of the functions of the Wnt family of developmental regulators: Insights from Xenopus laevis (1993)

Wnts are a recently described family of secreted glycoproteins related to the Drosophila segment polarity gene, wingless, and to the proto-oncogene, int-1. Wnts are thought to function as developmental modulators, with signalling distances of only a few cell diameters. In Xenopus, at least six Wnts, including Xwnts-1, -3A, and -4, are expressed initially in the developing central nervous system, with some regions expressing multiple Xwnts. Xwnt-8 is expressed by mid-blastula stage, in ventral and lateral mesoderm. Xwnt-5A mRNAs are stored in the egg, and later are expressed throughout the embryo in both ectoderm and mesoderm, but with a pronounced enrichment in the head and tail. Recent studies in Xenopus have pursued the diverse roles of Xwnts in early development, the mechanisms by which Xwnts signal information between cells, and the cell physiological responses to Xwnt signals.
Rhythm generation in monkey motor cortex explored using pyramidal tract stimulation (2002)

We investigated whether stimulation of the pyramidal tract (PT) could reset the phase of 15-30 Hz beta oscillations observed in the macaque motor cortex. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and multiple single-unit activity from two conscious macaque monkeys performing a precision grip task. EMG activity was also recorded from the second animal. Single PT stimuli were delivered during the hold period of the task, when oscillations in the LFP were most prominent. Stimulus-triggered averaging of the LFP showed a phase-locked oscillatory response to PT stimulation. Frequency domain analysis revealed two components within the response: a 15-30 Hz component, which represented resetting of on-going beta rhythms, and a lower frequency 10 Hz response. Only the higher frequency could be observed in the EMG activity, at stronger stimulus intensities than were required for resetting the cortical rhythm. Stimulation of the PT during movement elicited a greatly reduced oscillatory response. Analysis of single-unit discharge confirmed that PT stimulation was capable of resetting periodic activity in motor cortex. The firing patterns of pyramidal tract neurones (PTNs) and unidentified neurones exhibited successive cycles of suppression and facilitation, time locked to the stimulus. We conclude that PTN activity directly influences the generation of the 15-30 Hz rhythm. These PTNs facilitate EMG activity in upper limb muscles, contributing to corticomuscular coherence at this same frequency. Since the earliest oscillatory effect observed following stimulation was a suppression of firing, we speculate that inhibitory feedback may be the key mechanism generating such oscillations in the motor cortex.
Competitive blocking of salivary gland [18F]DCFPyL uptake via localized, retrograde ductal injection of non-radioactive DCFPyL: a preclinical study (2021)

Our results suggest that direct retrograde instillation of DCFPyL into the SG could predictably and selectively decrease salivary uptake of systemically administered [<sup>18</sup>F]DCFPyL without altering tumor uptake, if given at the appropriate dose. This novel approach is easily translatable to clinical practice and has the potential to mitigate xerostomia, without compromising the therapeutic efficacy of the PSMA-TRT.