gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfersomes—A Novel Vesicular Carrier for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery: Development, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation (2003)

This work describes the use of a novel vesicular drug carrier system called transfersomes, which is composed of phospholipid, surfactant, and water for enhanced transdermal delivery. The transfersomal system was much more efficient at delivering a low and high molecular weight drug to the skin in terms of quantity and depth. In the present study transfersomes and liposomes were prepared by using dexamethasone as a model drug. The system was evaluated in vitro for vesicle shape and size, entrapment efficiency, degree of deformability, number of vesicles per cubic mm, and drug diffusion across the artificial membrane and rat skin. The effects of surfactant type, composition, charge, and concentration of surfactant were studied. The in vivo performance of selected formulation was evaluated by using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Fluorescence microscopy by using rhodamine-123 and 6-carboxyfluorescein as fluorescence probe was performed. The stability study was performed at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. An in vitro drug release study has shown a nearly zero order release of drug and no lag phase. The absence of lag phase in comparison to liposomes and ointment is attributed to the greater deformability, which may account for better skin permeability of transfersomes. In vivo studies of transfersomes showed better antiedema activity in comparison to liposomes and ointment, indicating better permeation through the penetration barrier of the skin. This was further confirmed through a fluorescence microscopy study. Finally, it may be concluded from the study that complex lipid molecules, transfersomes, can increase the transdermal flux, prolong the release, and improve the site specificity of bioactive molecules.
Biocatalyse solide/gaz (2011)

La biocatalyse solide/gaz est une technologie basée sur l'utilisation de biocatalyseurs solides pour la conversion de substrats gazeux, en l'absence de tout solvant. Les biocatalyseurs solides sont des enzymes purifiées lyophilisées ou des enzymes présentes dans des cellules déshydratées. Les bioréa
Zinc Oxide-on-Silicon Surface Acoustic Wave Devices (1985)

A monolithic ZnO-on-silicon surface acoustic wave (SAW) memory correlator has been fabricated which utilizes induced junctions separated by ion implanted regions to store a reference signal. The performance characteristics of this device have been investigated including storage time, dynamic range, and degenerate convolution efficiency. Verification of the existence of charge storage regions is possible prior to completed device fabrication. A theory explaining the charge storage process is developed and applied to the implant-isolated storage correlator. The implant-isolated correlator theory is applied to related structures which employ slightly different storage mechanisms. The ion implanted correlator is used to determine the wave potential associated with a propagating SAW. Characteristics of ZnO-on-Si SAW resonators with sputtered ZnO films limited to the interdigital transducer (IDT) regions are investigated. Upper limits on propagation loss for surface waves on silicon substrates are determined by employing externally coupled limited ZnO SAW resonators. Resonator Q-values are enhanced by restricting the lossy ZnO area and predictions are made as to achievable Q-values for resonators fabricated in the externally coupled configuration. Experimental results for limited ZnO, internally coupled ZnO-on-Si resonators are also given. A complete theory for the mode conversion resonator is presented which predicts the array separation for proper device operation. The theory also gives way to a special condition for spatial ndependence of resonator output with respect to IDT placement. Mode conversion resonators are fabricated which experimentally verify these predictions.
Unspecific hydrophobic stabilization of folding transition states (2002)

Here we present a method for determining the inference of non-native conformations in the folding of a small domain, alpha-spectrin Src homology 3 domain. This method relies on the preservation of all native interactions after Tyr/Phe exchanges in solvent-exposed, contact-free positions. Minor changes in solvent exposure and free energy of the denatured ensemble are in agreement with the reverse hydrophobic effect, as the Tyr/Phe mutations slightly change the polypeptide hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. Interestingly, more important Gibbs energy variations are observed in the transition state ensemble (TSE). Considering the small changes induced by the H/OH replacements, the observed energy variations in the TSE are rather notable, but of a magnitude that would remain undetected under regular mutations that alter the folded structure free energy. Hydrophobic residues outside of the folding nucleus contribute to the stability of the TSE in an unspecific nonlinear manner, producing a significant acceleration of both unfolding and refolding rates, with little effect on stability. These results suggest that sectors of the protein transiently reside in non-native areas of the landscape during folding, with implications in the reading of phi values from protein engineering experiments. Contrary to previous proposals, the principle that emerges is that non-native contacts, or conformations, could be beneficial in evolution and design of some fast folding proteins.
Total Syntheses of Cyanthiwigins B, F, and G (2011)

A concise and versatile approach toward the preparation of the cyanthiwigin family of cyathane natural products is described. By leveraging a unique double asymmetric catalytic alkylation procedure it is possible to quickly establish two of the most critical stereocenters of the cyanthiwigin framework with high levels of selectivity and expediency. The synthetic route additionally employs both a tandem ring-closing cross-metathesis reaction, and an aldehyde-olefin radical cyclization process, in order to rapidly arrive at the tricyclic cyathane core of the cyanthiwigin molecules. From this unifying intermediate, the preparations of cyanthiwigins B, F, and G are attained swiftly and without the need for protecting groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion‐Beam‐Induced Chemical Changes in the Oxyanions (MOn‐ y) and Oxides (MOx) Where M: Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, and Ta (1987)

Abstract have been investigated by XPS.
Supplementary document for Parametric sidebands generation in CMOS-compatible oscillator from visible to telecom - 5047532.pdf (2021)

Output power of the widely separated sidebands as a function of the pump power.
Où en est la conversion photovoltaïque de l’énergie solaire ? (2018)

Le photovoltaïque poursuit sa progression dans le secteur de l’ énergie avec une capacité installée au niveau mondial qui a pratiquement doublé entre 2015 et 2017 (415 GW fin 2017 contre 235 GW fin 2015 [1,2]) et devrait atteindre près de 500 GW fin 2018. En 2017, les nouvelles installations ont atteint près de 100 GW, dont 53 en Chine, et concernent de plus en plus de pays et de régions du monde, en particulier l’Inde, l’Amérique latine, l’Australie, au-delà de ses bases traditionnelles en Europe, au Japon et aux états-Unis. La barre symbolique du terawatt devrait être atteinte au début de la prochaine décennie, avec des volumes d’installations annuels qui pourraient atteindre plusieurs centaines de GW.
The Cyclohedron Test for Finding Periodic Genes in Time Course Expression Studies (2007)

The problem of finding periodically expressed genes from time course microarray experiments is at the center of numerous efforts to identify the molecular components of biological clocks. We present a new approach to this problem based on the cyclohedron test, which is a rank test inspired by recent advances in algebraic combinatorics. The test has the advantage of being robust to measurement errors, and can be used to ascertain the significance of top-ranked genes. We apply the test to recently published measurements of gene expression during mouse somitogenesis and find 32 genes that collectively are significant. Among these are previously identified periodic genes involved in the Notch/FGF and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as novel candidate genes that may play a role in regulating the segmentation clock. These results confirm that there are an abundance of exceptionally periodic genes expressed during somitogenesis. The emphasis of this paper is on the statistics and combinatorics that underlie the cyclohedron test and its implementation within a multiple testing framework.
Aligning Subtitles in Sign Language Videos (2021)

The goal of this work is to temporally align asynchronous subtitles in sign language videos. In particular, we focus on sign-language interpreted TV broadcast data comprising (i) a video of continuous signing, and (ii) subtitles corresponding to the audio content. Previous work exploiting such weakly-aligned data only considered finding keyword-sign correspondences, whereas we aim to localise a complete subtitle text in continuous signing. We propose a Transformer architecture tailored for this task, which we train on manually annotated alignments covering over 15K subtitles that span 17.7 hours of video. We use BERT subtitle embeddings and CNN video representations learned for sign recognition to encode the two signals, which interact through a series of attention layers. Our model outputs frame-level predictions, i.e., for each video frame, whether it belongs to the queried subtitle or not. Through extensive evaluations, we show substantial improvements over existing alignment baselines that do not make use of subtitle text embeddings for learning. Our automatic alignment model opens up possibilities for advancing machine translation of sign languages via providing continuously synchronized video-text data.
Mass Transfer of Terpenes through a Silicone Rubber Membrane in a Liquid‐Liquid Contacting System (2005)

Terpenoids are important compounds for the fragrance industry, and recently, biocatalytic methods have been developed to produce them from cheap monoterpenes, such as alpha-pinene oxide. The biotransformation of alpha-pinene oxide using resting cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11671 produces isonovalal (cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal), which is a fragrance. However, this biotransformation has technical problems including the following: alpha-pinene oxide undergoes autoxidation in water and light; it is hydrophobic and relatively toxic to the biocatalyst; and it suffers from product inhibition. Therefore, removal of isonovalal as it is formed should reduce its toxicity and increase volumetric productivity and production yield. Aqueous-organic two-phase (AOTP) systems can be used in the biotransformation of hydrophobic substrates and can protect biocatalysts from toxic substrates and products. However, the formation of stable emulsions makes further downstream processing and continuous operation difficult. One solution to these problems is to use a solid-phase membrane between the aqueous and organic phases in a Membrane Bioreactor for Biotransformation (MBB). Since there are no data in the literature on the behavior of terpenes and terpenoids with solid-phase membranes, or their mass transfer behavior, the objective of this work was to measure these parameters for a wide range of compounds so as to be able to design an MBB, and to gain a greater understanding of their behavior in these types of systems. Organic/aqueous (P (org) (aq)) and membrane/aqueous (P (mem) (aq)) partition coefficients were measured first, and subsequently used to quantify the overall mass transfer coefficients (k(ov)). The overall mass transfer coefficient (k(ov)) of alpha-pinene oxide through the membrane was found to be 2.5 x 10(-5) m x s(-1) using thicknesses of both 250 and 1,000 microm. Extraction kinetics were successfully described using a resistance-in-series model and were controlled by the aqueous boundary layer and/or membrane resistance (k(mem)), while organic film resistance played an insignificant role. Aqueous film resistance (k(aq)) was found to be the limiting step for mono- and diterpenes, and the effect of the hydrodynamics on k(ov) was successfully predicted using a Wilson plot. However, the extraction kinetics of larger terpenes, such as steroids, were influenced solely by the k(mem), suggesting that membrane diffusivity also depended on the size of the permeating molecule. Finally, the influence of other terpene byproducts on the flux of alpha-pinene oxide was investigated and found to decrease the flux into the organic phase by up to 10%.
Rheological characterization of mammalian lung mucus (2014)

Mammalian lung mucus is a complex fluid that displays non-linear viscoelastic responses, strain-stiffening at low-strain and strain-softening at large strain values.
The synthesis and application of (E)-N′-(benzo[d]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonohydrazide for the detection of carcinogenic lead (2020)

In this study, noble ligands of (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>'-(benzo[<i>d</i>]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonohydrazide (BDMMBSH) were prepared <i>via</i> a simple condensation method using benzo-[<i>d</i>][1,3]-dioxole carbaldehyde, benzenesulfonylhydrazine (BSH), and 4-methyl-benzenesulphonylhydrazine (4-MBSH) in good yield, which were crystallized in acetone, EtOAc, and EtOH. The BDMMBSH derivatives were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, such as <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their crystal structures were analyzed using the single crystal X-ray diffraction method (SCXRDM). Subsequently, the BDMMBSH compounds were used for the significant detection of the carcinogenic heavy metal ion, lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>), <i>via</i> a reliable electrochemical approach. A sensitive and selective Pb<sup>2+</sup> sensor was developed <i>via</i> the deposition of a thin layer of BDMMBSH on a GCE with the conducting polymer matrix Nafion (NF). The sensitivity, LOQ, and LOD of the proposed sensor towards Pb<sup>2+</sup> were calculated from the calibration curves to be 2220.0 pA μM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>, 320.0 mM, and 96.0 pM, respectively. The validation of the BDMMBSH/GCE/NF sensor probe was performed <i>via</i> the selective determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in spiked natural samples with a satisfactory and rational outcome.
Iron‐Promoted ortho‐ and/or ipso‐Hydroxylation of Benzoic Acids with H2O2 (2009)

Regioselective hydroxylation of aromatic acids with hydrogen peroxide proceeds readily in the presence of iron(II) complexes with tetradentate aminopyridine ligands [Fe(II)(BPMEN)(CH(3)CN)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (1) and [Fe(II)(TPA)(CH(3)CN)(2)](OTf)(2) (2), where BPMEN=N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, TPA=tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. Two cis-sites, which are occupied by labile acetonitrile molecules in 1 and 2, are available for coordination of H(2)O(2) and substituted benzoic acids. The hydroxylation of the aromatic ring occurs exclusively in the vicinity of the anchoring carboxylate functional group: ortho-hydroxylation affords salicylates, whereas ipso-hydroxylation with concomitant decarboxylation yields phenolates. The outcome of the substituent-directed hydroxylation depends on the electronic properties and the position of substituents in the molecules of substrates: 3-substituted benzoic acids are preferentially ortho-hydroxylated, whereas 2- and, to a lesser extent, 4-substituted substrates tend to undergo ipso-hydroxylation/decarboxylation. These two pathways are not mutually exclusive and likely proceed via a common intermediate. Electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring of the carboxylic acids disfavor hydroxylation, indicating an electrophilic nature for the active oxidant. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit similar reactivity patterns, but 1 generates a more powerful oxidant than 2. Spectroscopic and labeling studies exclude acylperoxoiron(III) and Fe(IV)=O species as potential reaction intermediates, but strongly indicate the involvement of an Fe(III)--OOH intermediate that undergoes intramolecular acid-promoted heterolytic O-O bond cleavage, producing a transient iron(V) oxidant.
Electrosynthesis of Arylpyrroles and -indoles Under SRN1 Conditions (1994)

Arylpyrroles and -indoles are electrosynthesized via a SRN1 type reaction. With pyrrolyl anion, the reaction leads mainly to α-substitution, but β-substitution and disubstitution are also observed. With indolyl anion, the main product corresponds to β-substitution. In both cases, the yield of the main product is higher than 50%.
Activated, But Not Resting, T Cells Can Be Recognized and Killed by Syngeneic NK Cells (2003)

We demonstrate that IL-2-activated NK cells or lymphokine-activated killer cells recognize and kill syngeneic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that have been activated by APCs. Induction with APC required TCR-specific Ag, and lysis was perforin mediated. Brefeldin A, which disrupts protein transport, inhibited the sensitivity induced by activation. In BALB/c, expression of NKG2D ligands correlated with lysis and could be inhibited by brefeldin A. As well, addition of anti-NKG2D mAb to a killing assay completely abrogated lysis. Transduction of mouse NKG2D into a human NK cell line, YTSeco, conferred upon it the ability to kill activated BALB/c T cells, indicating that NKG2D is necessary for recognition. Our data provide a basis for studying a role for NK cells in T cell regulation.
A re-examination of the synthesis and some properties of thein vitro metabolite,N-hydroxyphenmetrazine (1975)

The reported synthesis of N-hydroxyphenmetrazine from phenmetrazine by the action of m-chloroperbenzoic acid could not be repeated. When the synthetic procedure was modified N-hydroxyphenmetrazine was obtained in low yield. The product had different properties from those claimed previously, but was identical to metabolically produced N-hydroxyphenmetrazine. It was characterized by means of thin-layer chromatography, combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, preparation of a t-butyldimethylsilyl derivative and oxidation to a mixture of nitrones. Mass spectrometry was also used to characterize these derivatives.
Grain growth in three dimensions depends on grain topology (1993)

While the growth rate of the average volume in a three-dimensional polycrystal is well understood, the growth rates of individual grains (which determine material properties through the topological and volume distributions) are not known. Using a three-dimensional Q-state Potts model simulation, I find that the average canonical growth rate of a grain depends linearly on its number of faces and is independent of its volume, a surprisingly simple and unexplained result.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in COVID‐19 (2023)

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is intrinsically a systemic inflammatory disorder; hence, those patients suffering an underlying chronic inflammatory disease such as diabetes mellitus are at high risk of severe complications. Preventing or suppressing the inflammatory responses are of importance in diabetic patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporters-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a newly introduced anti-diabetic drugs that have hypoglycemic effects through the urinary excretion of glucose. They also have an anti-inflammatory potential in diabetes patients, in addition to improving glycemic control, and while there is no direct data available in diabetic patients with COVID-19 disease, there is evidence that suggests that SGLT2i can reduce systemic inflammation and diminish the cytokine storm effect via several cellular mechanisms. In the current review, our aim was to classify and describe the molecular and cellular pathways by which SGLT2i have anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients with COVID-19 disease.
The Impact of the Completed Human Genome Sequence on the Development of Novel Therapeutics for Human Disease (2004)

With the official completion of the Human Genome Project in April 2003, we have both the opportunity and the imperative to translate this unprecedented scientific accomplishment into tangible improvements in human health. Medical benefits from the genome will come in stages and can be conceptualized as occurring in three areas: improved understanding of disease causation at the molecular level, improved diagnosis and disease classification based on genetic profiles, and new therapeutics based on targets identified in the genome. These improvements will require increased physician understanding of genetic principles applied to common diseases.
Acoustical Analyses of Tendencies of Intelligibility in Lombard Speech with Different Background Noise Levels (2017)

This study investigates acoustic variations when producing Lombard speech under the effect of a changing environment to identify adaptive tendencies of intelligibility. Analyses of the acoustic features of duration, F0, formants, spectral tilts and modulation spectrum in a dataset of speech at noise levels of - ∞, 66, 72, 78, 84, and 90 dB were carried out. The results show that the recognized tendencies (neutral-Lombard distinction), including lengthening vowel duration, increasing F0, shifting F1 and decreasing spectral tilts (A1-A3) are preserved among Lombard speech produced in backgrounds with a various noise levels. Our new findings are an abrupt change in F0 at 84 dB, increasing formant amplitudes, and H1-H2 variation, and a raised modulation spectrum. On the basis of physiological and psychological knowledge, we can give reasons for their correlations with intelligibility. Moreover, these variations continuously vary with increasing noise level. As a result, it is suggested that they are related to the adaptive tendencies of intelligibility.
On the use of connection-oriented networks to support grid computing (2006)

The vision of grid computing is to enable an arbitrary set of general-purpose computers to be recruited dynamically and be interconnected through a general-purpose network for the parallel execution of complex programs. The scale and ubiquity of the Internet makes it the natural network of choice for grid computing. However, for some applications, rate- and delay-guaranteed communication services are needed. These needs are driving the exploration of connection-oriented (CO) optical networks as a candidate for grid computing. In this article, we consider the suitability of CO networks equipped with generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) control-plane protocols for grid computing. We identify two areas in which current GMPLS implementations need enhancements to better support the needs of grid computing. First, we note a need to improve call setup delays by several orders of magnitude. We describe our proof-of-concept prototype implementation of a hardware-accelerated RSVP-TE engine that cuts setup delays from hundreds of milliseconds (typical in current equipment) to the order of microseconds. Second, noting the availability of different types of CO networks, we present a case for enhancements to control "heterogeneous connections," that is, connections that traverse multiple types of CO networks. We describe a distributed signaling procedure for the setup of such connections.