gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of plasma N2 and thermal NH3 nitridation in HfO2 for ultrathin equivalent oxide thickness (2013)

Two methods of HfO2 nitridation including plasma N2 nitridation and thermal NH3 anneal were studied for ultrathin HfO2 gate dielectrics with &amp;lt;1 nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). The detailed nitridation mechanism, nitrogen depth profile, and nitrogen behavior during the anneal process were thoroughly investigated by XPS and SIMS analysis for the two types of nitridation processes at different process conditions. Intermediate metastable nitrogen was observed and found to be important during the plasma nitridation process. For thermal NH3 nitridation, pressure was found to be most critical to control the nitrogen profile while process time and temperature produced second order effects. The physical analyses on the impacts of various process conditions are well correlated to the electrical properties of the films, such as leakage current, EOT, mobility, and transistor bias temperature instability.
The Lagrangian Relaxation Method for Solving Integer Programming Problems (1981)

One of the most computationally useful ideas of the 1970s is the observation that many hard integer programming problems can be viewed as easy problems complicated by a relatively small set of side constraints. Dualizing the side constraints produces a Lagrangian problem that is easy to solve and whose optimal value is a lower bound (for minimization problems) on the optimal value of the original problem. The Lagrangian problem can thus be used in place of a linear programming relaxation to provide bounds in a branch and bound algorithm. This approach has led to dramatically improved algorithms for a number of important problems in the areas of routing, location, scheduling, assignment and set covering. This paper is a review of Lagrangian relaxation based on what has been learned in the last decade.
Phase noise measurements of a dual-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (2010)

We present phase-noise measurements of microwave signals generated by our dual-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser that approach the performance of commercially available frequency synthesizers. We demonstrate the invariance of the phase-noise spectrum with respect to carrier frequency. Methods for further improving performance are also discussed.
The effect of nitrogen on secondary grain nucleation in nickel base single crystal superalloys (1998)

The commercial casting process for single crystal turbine components produces a significant number of aerofoils which are rejected due to the growth of secondary grains that form high angle boundaries with the principal crystal. Many of these secondary grains occur as a consequence of preferred solidification from geometric features on the component, or by nucleation from freckle chains which occur due to constitutional segregation effects. However, manufacturing experience shows that there are secondary grains in single crystal castings which occur from no obvious source. This paper summarises the work carried out to investigate the possible origins of such grains. The work described in this paper covers those solidification events which are influenced by nucleation and growth under directional solidification conditions. From an evaluation of potential heterogeneous nuclei, the research identified nitrogen gas as the most powerful agent in promoting secondary grains. The probable source of nitrogen was identified as originating from the outgassing of the investment mould when cast under vacuum. The desorption of nitrogen is followed by the formation of titanium nitride compounds which act as secondary grain nuclei by either forming large inclusions or films which interrupt dendrite growth, or which act as substrates for atomic attachment from the liquid metal and subsequent crystal growth.
Selective Modulation of the Pupil Light Reflex by Microstimulation of Prefrontal Cortex (2017)

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to flexibly regulate sensorimotor responses, perhaps through modulating activity in other circuits. However, the scope of that control remains unknown: it remains unclear whether the PFC can modulate basic reflexes. One canonical example of a central reflex is the pupil light reflex (PLR): the automatic constriction of the pupil in response to luminance increments. Unlike pupil size, which depends on the interaction of multiple physiological and neuromodulatory influences, the PLR reflects the action of a simple brainstem circuit. However, emerging behavioral evidence suggests that the PLR may be modulated by cognitive processes. Although the neural basis of these modulations remains unknown, one possible source is the PFC, particularly the frontal eye field (FEF), an area of the PFC implicated in the control of attention. We show that microstimulation of the rhesus macaque FEF alters the magnitude of the PLR in a spatially specific manner. FEF microstimulation enhanced the PLR to probes presented within the stimulated visual field, but suppressed the PLR to probes at nonoverlapping locations. The spatial specificity of this effect parallels the effect of FEF stimulation on attention and suggests that FEF is capable of modulating visuomotor transformations performed at a lower level than was previously known. These results provide evidence of the selective regulation of a basic brainstem reflex by the PFC.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The pupil light reflex (PLR) is our brain's first and most fundamental mechanism for light adaptation. Although it is often described in textbooks as being an immutable reflex, converging evidence suggests that the magnitude of the PLR is modulated by cognitive factors. The neural bases of these modulations are unknown. Here, we report that microstimulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulates the gain of the PLR, changing how a simple reflex circuit responds to physically identical stimuli. These results suggest that control structures such as the PFC can add complexity and flexibility to even a basic brainstem circuit.
The Structures of Some Peptides from Bee Venom (1978)

The sequences are given of two peptides (secapin and melittin F) whose isolation from the venom of the common European honey bee (Apis mellifera) has previously been described [Gauldie et al. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 61, 369--376]. Some structural studies on the known peptide 401 (MCD peptide) are described. The positions of the two disulphide bridges in peptide 401 have been determined by (an essentially) novel method.
Electromechanically induced transition from nonohmic to ohmic behavior at contact interfaces (2004)

A straightforward method for removing thin insulating films from contact interfaces of conductive surfaces that enables changing the contact behavior from nonohmic to ohmic was derived in this study. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated by experiments performed with a special microdevice consisting of polysilicon. It is shown that the native oxide film can be removed from asperity nanocontacts at the contact interface by electromechanical means without damaging the microdevice. Measurements of electrical contact resistance versus applied current are used to characterize the contact interface. The present approach for removing oxide surface films that are responsible for the nonohmic behavior at microdevice contact interfaces is straightforward and can easily be applied to other types of miniaturized devices to enhance their reliability and performance. An additional benefit of this method is the release of adhered microdevices by nondestructive means.
PDT photo activation irradiance monitoring during a Phase I clinical study of TLD1433 in bladder cancer (Conference Presentation) (2019)

While Photofrin mediated PDT for bladder cancer was the first approved indication for this technique, it failed to attract the confidence of urologists as a treatment option, primarily due to the high incidence of incontinence linked to PDT damage to the bladder muscle. To mitigate this hazard a phase I clinical trial using instillation of the Ru(II) coordination complex TLD1433 and 530 nm activation light was initiated. To achieve the intended drug doses of 0.35 and 0.7 mg/cm2 and a radiant exposure of 90 J/cm2 the concentration of the instillation was adjusted to each patients' bladder volume and the irradiance was measured at up to 12 positions in the bladder. Irradiance monitoring proved helpful in adjusting the irradiation time to the bladder wall albedo and also for increased light scattering and absorption due to turbidity built up in the bladder void. The initial multiplication factors of the bladders (n=6) ranged from 1.1 to 2.8. Monte Carlo simulations based on CT-scans from all 6 participants approximate the range of irradiances observed during these studies. Nevertheless, a fraction of the surface can see a multiple of the average irradiance whereas other regions (typically less than 5% of the surface area) see significantly less than the average irradiance. These variations are due to the actual bladder shape and are somewhat independent of the position of the spherical emitter. Fitting of the measured surface irradiance to the simulated dose surface histograms enables extraction of the bladder wall and bladder void’s optical properties.
High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Renders Spontaneous Effort Noninjurious (2018)

Strong effort increased dependent lung injury, where higher local lung stress and stretch was generated; effort-dependent lung injury was minimized by high PEEP in severe ARDS, which may offset need for paralysis.
Dynamic mechanical analysis of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)—A comparison with poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (2004)

Abstract The fiber properties of PTT have been the subject of several reports, although very few reports describe the properties of molded specimens. In this work, the dynamic mechanical relaxation behavior of compression‐molded PTT films has been investigated. The added flexibility of the PTT was found to lower the temperature of the β‐ and α‐transitions relative to the PET and PEN. The results suggest that the β‐transition is at least two relaxations for PET and PTT due to the increase in the breadth of the relaxation. The results seem to support the hypothesized mechanism of others, in that the β‐transition involves the relaxation of the carbonyl entity and the aromatic C1–C4 ring flips for PTT and PET, and the relaxation of the carbonyl for PEN. The β*‐ and α‐transitions for all three polymers seem to be cooperative in nature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2791–2796, 2004
Frat2 mediates the oncogenic activation of Rac by MLL fusions (2012)

Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion genes arise from chromosomal translocations and induce acute myeloid leukemia through a mechanism involving transcriptional deregulation of differentiation and self-renewal programs. Progression of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia is associated with increased activation of Rac GTPases. Here, we demonstrate that MLL fusion oncogenes maintain leukemia-associated Rac activity by regulating Frat gene expression, specifically Frat2. Modulation of FRAT2 leads to concomitant changes in Rac activity, and transformation of Frat knockout hematopoietic progenitor cells by MLL fusions results in leukemias displaying reduced Rac activation and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. FRAT2 activates Rac through a signaling mechanism that requires glycogen synthase kinase 3 and DVL. Disruption of this pathway abrogates the leukemogenic activity of MLL fusions. This suggests a rationale for the paradoxical requirement of canonical Wnt signaling and glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity for MLL fusion oncogenicity and identifies novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
Electric birefringence study of the dielectric properties of anisotropicand electrically charged latex particles (1993)

No abstract available
The L-DOPA receptor GPR143 in the indirect pathways regulates an anxiety-like behavior through GPR143-DRD2 coupling (2022)

We propose that L-DOPA by itself is a neurotransmitter. Recently, a G-protein coupled receptor GPR143, a gene product of ocular albinism1, was identified as a receptor for L-DOPA. In this study, to identify the physiological role of GPR143, we performed phenotypic analysis using Gpr143-gene deficient (GPR143-KO) mice. To assess anxiety- and exploration-related behaviors, we employed zero-maze test, and found that time spent in open arms was decreased in GPR143-KO mice when compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The time spent in open arms was also decreased in striatal indirect pathway specific GPR143-KO mice. To investigate the involvement of endogenous L-DOPA, we examined the effect of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, a synthetic inhibitor of L-DOPA on mouse behavior. We found that administration of α-MPT at the dose of 3mg/kg (i.p.) decreased the release of L-DOPA without affecting that of dopamine from the dorsal striatum. The administration of α-MPT decreased the time spent in open arms in WT mice, while this effect was not observed in GPR143-KO mice. Furthermore, intraventricular administration of a synthetic peptide, which inhibited the interaction between GPR143 and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), increased anxiety-like behavior. These results suggest that L-DOPA regulates anxiety-like behavior through GPR143 and DRD2 coupling in the striatal indirect pathway.
Studies on ethoxylated phenolic resins. Part. I. Surface characteristics and properties of coatings on metal (2004)

Phenolic resins such as resol or novolac phenol-formaldehyde (PF) ones have been synthesized and etherified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights (1000, 1500, 4000). The solution behaviors in aqueous medium of the prepared resol and novolac phenol-formaldehyde ethoxylated resins, as nonionic polymeric surfactants with different hydrophilic chains lengths, have been interpreted. Surface and interfacial tension measurements as well as emulsifying power and foaming properties of the tested nonionic polymeric surfactants were studied. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the value of free surface energy reached at this concentration gamma(CMC) were also measured. Coatings on metal, made of the investigated phenolic ethoxylated resins, were prepared and evaluated as varnishes. This study indicated that the free surface energy of the prepared nonionic polymeric surfactants as well as the ease of formation of aggregates increase with PEG hydrophilic chain length increasing. Also, it was found that coating compositions based on resol PF ethoxylated resins with PEG-4000 offer chain flexibility and excellent coating properties.
Energy flow in photonic crystal waveguides (2000)

Theoretical and numerical investigations of energy flow in photonic crystal waveguides made of line defects and branching points are presented. It is shown that vortices of energy flow may occur, and the net energy flow along the line defect is described via the effective propagation velocity. Single-mode and multimode operations are studied, and dispersion relations are computed for different waveguide widths. Both strong positive, strong negative, and zero dispersion are possible. It is shown that geometric parameters such as the nature of the lattice, the line defect orientation, the defect width, and the branching-point geometry have a significant influence on the electrodynamics. These are important issues for the fabrication of photonic crystal structures.
Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of cyclotetrasilanes (1991)

Abstract Various cyclopolysilanes are discussed as potential monomers for the ring‐opening polymerization in terms of reactivity and thermodynamic feasibility. Strained and polymerizable 1,2,3,4‐tetramethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetraphenylcyclotetrasilanes (1) are prepared from octaphenylcyclotetrasilane by substitution of four phenyl groups with triflate groups using triflic acid, and followed by displacement of triflate groups by methyl substituents using methylmagnesium bromide. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of a mixture of stereoisomers of (1) provides poly(methylphenylsilylene) with molecular weights up to M=100 000. Anionic polymerization of 1 was initiated by butyllithium and silylpotassium initiators with and without cryptands. Strong solvent effects on polymerization and subsequent cyclization were observed.
Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the attenuation of hyperphagia in streptozotocin diabetic rats treated with dopamine D1/D2 agonists (2006)

1. Dopamine is an appetite suppressant, while neuropeptide Y (NPY), an appetite stimulant in the brain, is reported to be involved in anorectic action induced by a combined administration of D1/D2 agonists in normal rats. In diabetic rats, however, these factors have not been studied. 2. Rats (including normal, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats) were given daily injections of saline or D1/D2 agonists for 6 days. Changes in food intake and hypothalamic NPY content of these rats were assessed and compared. 3. The D1/D2 agonist-induced anorectic responses were altered in diabetic rats compared to normal rats treated similarly. Both the anorectic response on the first day of dosing and the tolerant response on the subsequent days were attenuated. 4. This alteration was independent of the neuroendocrine disturbance on feeding behavior since the basic pattern of food intake during the time course of a 24-h day/night cycle was similar in normal and diabetic rats; the decrease of food intake following drug treatment was only shown at the initial interval of 0-6 h in both groups of rats. 5. However, this alteration coincided with changes in NPY content following D1/D2 coadministration. The replacement of insulin in diabetic rats could normalize both NPY content and D1/D2 agonist-induced anorexia. 6. It is demonstrated that the response of D1/D2 agonist-induced appetite suppression is attenuated in diabetic rats compared to normal rats and that elevated hypothalamic NPY content may contribute to this alteration.
Unsteady thrust prediction of a ducted propeller in a strut wake (2022)

This paper describes a computational model to predict the unsteady thrust of a ducted propeller ingesting a strut wake, which is intended to be used as a design tool. As the propeller rotates at a constant rate, the strut wake causes the thrust to fluctuate at the blade passing frequency and its multiples. The computational model consists of two main modules: one for the steady thrust computation and another for the unsteady thrust computation. The steady thrust module involves a two-way coupling between CFD and a propeller analysis code, in order to compute the steady component of the thrust along with the effective wake. CFD is used as it can accurately compute the flow field, while taking into account the non-linear interactions between the strut wake, the duct effects and the propeller-induced velocities. The propeller analysis code is based on blade element momentum theory and the panel method, using flow-field information obtained from the CFD computation. Separating the propeller analysis from the the flow-field computation performed using CFD reduces the computational time and allows the propeller geometry to be altered in a convenient manner. The unsteady thrust module takes the computed effective wake and uses that as the non-uniform inflow profile to compute the fluctuating component of the unsteady thrust. This is computed using an extension of the propeller analysis code, which incorporates the Sears function to predict the lift response of a blade section in a periodically fluctuating gust. Preliminary results are presented to quickly validate the steady thrust module and verify the unsteady thrust module.
Scalp Dermatology for the Hair Transplant Surgeon: Recognition and Management of Different Alopecias (2001)

1. Bernard P. Nusbaum, MD <!-- --> 1. Miami, Florida With increasing consumer awareness regarding hair transplantation, patients with alopecias of different etiologies will present to the hair transplant surgeon rather than to dermatologists or general practitioners. Some of these conditions,
genipe: an automated genome-wide imputation pipeline with automatic reporting and statistical tools (2016)

The genipe package is an open source Python software and is freely available for non-commercial use (CC BY-NC 4.0) at https://github.com/pgxcentre/genipe Documentation and tutorials are available at http://pgxcentre.github.io/genipe CONTACT: louis-philippe.lemieux.perreault@statgen.org or marie-pierre.dube@statgen.orgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Vorticity generation and conservation for two-dimensional interfaces and boundaries (2014)

Abstract The generation, redistribution and, importantly, conservation of vorticity and circulation is studied for incompressible Newtonian fluids in planar and axisymmetric geometries. A generalised formulation of the vorticity at the interface between two fluids for both no-slip and stress-free conditions is presented. Illustrative examples are provided for planar Couette flow, Poiseuille flow, the spin-up of a circular cylinder, and a cylinder below a free surface. For the last example, it is shown that, although large imbalances between positive and negative vorticity appear in the wake, the balance is found in the vortex sheet representing the stress-free surface.
Characteristics of helicobacter pylori in children with peptic ulcer disease and nonulcer (1999)

Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas (302536989)
Flip-Flopping Fractional Flux Quanta (2006)

The d-wave pairing symmetry in high-critical temperature superconductors makes it possible to realize superconducting rings with built-in pi phase shifts. Such rings have a twofold degenerate ground state that is characterized by the spontaneous generation of fractional magnetic flux quanta with either up or down polarity. We have incorporated pi phase-biased superconducting rings in a logic circuit, a flip-flop, in which the fractional flux polarity is controllably toggled by applying single flux quantum pulses at the input channel. The integration of p rings into conventional rapid single flux quantum logic as natural two-state devices should alleviate the need for bias current lines, improve device symmetry, and enhance the operation margins.
Aflibercept for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2013)

Aflibercept is a novel, recombinant, fusion protein that consists of portions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (R) 1 and VEGFR2 extracellular domains fused to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1. It exhibits higher affinity for VEGF-A/-B and binds all the VEGF isoforms (VEGF-B and -C, placental growth factor). The efficacy of aflibercept was assessed in two randomized, double-masked, multicenter, active-controlled, clinical trials in patients with choroidal neovascularization due to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and compared it's efficacy to ranibizumab, which is already Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for patients with wet AMD. In the two trials known as VIEW 1 and VIEW 2, aflibercept was as effective when dosed as 2 mg every 8 weeks after 3 monthly loading doses compared to monthly ranibizumab. Aflibercept was well tolerated with very rare systemic adverse events, including arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs). The incidence of ATEs was 1.8% during the first year of the clinical trials and included non-fatal strokes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or death from vascular events or an unknown cause. In November 2011, aflibercept received FDA approval and is currently used in clinical practice for patients with wet AMD.