gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Plane Radial, Magnetic Bearings Biased With Poles Containing Permanent Magnets (2003)

Magnetic bearings biased with permanent magnets have lower coil resistance power losses, and the magnets can also be used to help support a constant side load. In this paper, the performance of a single plane radial magnetic bearing biased with permanent magnets in several poles is presented. Although it has less load capacity and stiffness than a similarly sized electrically biased single plane heteropolar bearing, it does not require bias current, and its ratio of load capacity to coil resistance power loss is significantly better. This type of permanent magnet bearing has only a single plane of poles. It can be distinguished from the homopolar bearing type which has two planes and which can also be biased with permanent magnets. Magnetic circuit models for the novel single plane bearing are presented along with verification by finite element models. Equations for the key performance parameters of load capacity, stiffness, coil inductance and resistive power loss are also presented.
A multicenter analysis of GTX chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2011)

We observe a substantial survival benefit with GTX chemotherapy in our cohort of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. These findings warrant further investigation of this combination in this patient population.
160 * DECELLULARIZED AORTIC AND PULMONARY ALLOGRAFTS IMPLANTED IN SHEEP: MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF CELL SELF-REPOPULATION (2013)

Objectives: The characterization of cell repopulation in decellularized aortic and pulmonary allograft roots implanted in sheep.
Untying the Cesium “Not”: Cesium–Iodoplumbate Complexation in Perovskite Solution-Processing Inks Has Implications for Crystallization (2022)

We illustrate the critical importance of the energetics of cation-solvent versus cation-iodoplumbate interactions in determining the stability of ABX<sub>3</sub> perovskite precursors in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent medium. We have shown, through a complementary suite of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computational studies, that Cs<sup>+</sup> exhibits significantly different solvent vs iodoplumbate interactions compared to organic A<sup>+</sup>-site cations such as CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> (MA<sup>+</sup>). Two NMR studies were conducted: <sup>133</sup>Cs NMR analysis shows that Cs<sup>+</sup> and MA<sup>+</sup> compete for coordination with PbI<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in DMF. <sup>207</sup>Pb NMR studies of PbI<sub>2</sub> with cationic iodides show that perovskite-forming Cs<sup>+</sup> (and, somewhat, Rb<sup>+</sup>) do not comport with the <sup>207</sup>Pb chemical shift trend found for Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup>. Three independent computational approaches (density functional theory (DFT), ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD), and a polarizable force field within Molecular Dynamics) yielded strikingly similar results: Cs<sup>+</sup> interacts more strongly with the PbI<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> iodoplumbate than does MA<sup>+</sup> in a polar solvent environment like DMF. The stronger energy preference for PbI<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> coordination of Cs<sup>+</sup> vs MA<sup>+</sup> in DMF demonstrates that Cs<sup>+</sup> is not simply a postcrystallization cation "fit" for the perovskite A<sup>+</sup>-site. Instead, it may facilitate preorganization of the framework precursor that eventually transforms into the crystalline perovskite structure.
Alendronate versus Calcitriol for the Prevention of Bone Loss after Cardiac Transplantation (2004)

The degree of bone loss and the rates of fracture did not differ significantly between the intervention groups. Calcitriol was associated with a higher risk of hypercalciuria. Alendronate-treated patients sustained less bone loss at the spine than those in the reference group, and both intervention groups sustained less bone loss at the hip than the reference group. The requirement for monitoring the serum and urinary calcium levels in calcitriol-treated patients makes alendronate more attractive for the prevention of bone loss early after cardiac transplantation.
Tuning the corona-core ratio of polyplex micelles for selective oligonucleotide delivery to hepatocytes or hepatic immune cells (2023)

Targeted delivery of oligonucleotides or small molecular drugs to hepatocytes, the liver's parenchymal cells, is challenging without targeting moiety due to the highly efficient mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) of the liver. The MPS comprises Kupffer cells and specialized sinusoidal endothelial cells, efficiently clearing nanocarriers regardless of their size and surface properties. Physiologically, this non-parenchymal shield protects hepatocytes; however, these local barriers must be overcome for drug delivery. Nanocarrier structural properties strongly influence tissue penetration, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution profile. Here we demonstrate the in vivo biodistribution of polyplex micelles formed by polyion complexation of short interfering (si)RNA with modified poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PEG-b-PAGE) diblock copolymer that carries amino moieties in the side chain. The ratio between PEG corona and siRNA complexed PAGE core of polyplex micelles was chemically varied by altering the degree of polymerization of PAGE. Applying Raman-spectroscopy and dynamic in silico modeling on the polyplex micelles, we determined the corona-core ratio (CCR) and visualized the possible micellar structure with varying CCR. The results for this model system reveal that polyplex micelles with higher CCR, i.e., better PEG coverage, exclusively accumulate and thus allow passive cell-type-specific targeting towards hepatocytes, overcoming the macrophage-rich reticuloendothelial barrier of the liver.
A decentralized document management system using blockchain and secret sharing (2021)

The use of digital documents is exploding around the world due to high productivity and convenience. However, the digital documents have some security issues. For example, when a user who has the permission behaves maliciously for his/her benefit, the digital document can be easily falsified. In this paper, we propose a decentralized document management system (DDMS) to improve security of a digital document. DDMS first distributes access permission to multiple users for higher security of the document. To do this, DDMS encrypts a document via a symmetric key and splits the key via a Shamir's secret sharing scheme. And, DDMS manages each split keys using blockchian and reconstructs the complete symmetric key when the document is retrieved via a devised smart contract. We implement DDMS based on Ethereum blockchain. The experimental results show that the proposed DDMS can provide higher security with a reasonable performance overhead compared with other three types of DMSs.
Simultaneous Extraction, Fractionation, and Enrichment of Microalgal Triacylglyerides by Exploiting the Tunability of Neat Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2016)

Continuous flow supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used to simultaneously extract, fractionate, and enrich simultaneously triacylglycerides (TAGs) of different carbon chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation from a 6-component mixture of analytical standards and from Chlorella sp., a common microalgae used as biodiesel feedstock. Evidence is presented that solubility for a given TAG can be enhanced or diminished in the presence of other, dissimilar TAGs due to solute to solute interactions and scCO2 densities. Comparison of analytical standard and Chlorella sp. extracts suggests that TAG mixtures and biomass matrices influence extraction behavior with the same TAG behaving differently depending on the starting material. This was validated by fitting Chrastil’s solubility parameters to indicate which TAGs were most susceptible to solute to solute interactions and neat CO2 density. A model was developed comparing the energy requirements for the downstream purification of TAGs trimyristin (C14:0), tripalmitin (C16:0), and trierucin (C22:1) from mixtures extracted with the scCO2 method developed here. The model outputs suggest trade-offs for over- or under-enriching certain TAGs using neat scCO2. Both the experimental and modeling results demonstrate the potential of scCO2 to be used as an initial fractionation and enrichment tool whereby the associated energy and economic costs of downstream processing, such as distillation, can be reduced.
Two fractions of rough endoplasmic reticulum from rat liver. I. Recovery of rapidly sedimenting endoplasmic reticulum in association with mitochondria. (1977)

Low-speed centrifugation (640 g) of rat liver homogenates, prepared with a standard ionic medium, yielded a pellet from which a rapidly sedimenting fraction of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RSER) was recovered free of nuclei. This fraction contained 20-25% of cellular RNA and approximately 30% of total glucose-6-phosphatase (ER marker) activity. A major portion of total cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial marker) activity was also recovered in this fraction, with the remainder sedimenting between 640 and 6,000 g. Evidence is provided which indicates that RSER may be intimately associated with mitochondria. Complete dissociation of ER from mitochondria in the RSER fraction required very harsh conditions. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis revealed that 95% dissociation could be achieved when the RSER fraction was first resuspended in buffer containing 500 mM KCl and 20 mM EDTA, and subjected to shearing. Excluding KCl, EDTA, or shearing from the procedure resulted in incomplete separation. Both electron microscopy and marker enzyme analysis of mitochondria purified by this procedure indicated that some structural damage and leakage of proteins from matrix and intermembrane compartments had occurred. Nevertheless, when mitochondria from RSER and postnuclear 6,000-g pellet fractions were purified in this way fromanimals injected with [35S]methionine +/- cycloheximide, mitochondria from the postnuclear 6,000-g pellet were found to incorporate approximately two times more cytoplasmically synthesized radioactive protein per milligram mitochondrial protein (or per unit cytochrome c oxidase activity) than did mitochondria from the RSER fraction. Mitochondria-RSER associations, therefore, do not appear to facilitate enhanced incorporation of mitochondrial proteins which are newly synthesized in the cytoplasm.
PAPD 마커를 이용한 무의 유전자지도 작성 (2002)

작물의 신품종 육성 과정에 있어서 선발은 육종의 성패를 좌우하는 중요한 과정이다. 하지만 개체가 나타내는 표현형은 유전적 요인과 환경적 요인이 동시에 작용하여 나타나기 때문에 유전적인 효과만 구분하여 선발하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 최근에 분자생물학 분야의 연구가 급속도로 발전함에 따라 분자 수준의 표지 인자...
Role of IQGAP1 in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis (2018)

ABSTRACT Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer in humans. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, along with its downstream effector mTOR, is one of the most frequently altered pathways in HNSCC, and is downstream of growth factor signaling including that mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is also commonly upregulated in HNSCC. Recently, IQ motif-containing GTPase activation protein 1 (IQGAP1) has been reported to function as a scaffold for the enzymes involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Iqgap1 gene expression is increased in human HNSCCs, raising the hypothesis that it acts as an oncogene in this cancer. Whether IQGAP1 is necessary for HNSCC development as well as what is its underlying mechanism are both unknown. Here we report on the role of IQGAP1 in HNSCC by performing a combination of in vitro studies using human cancer cell lines, and in vivo studies using a well-validated preclinical mouse model for HNSCC that is known to depend upon EGFR signaling. Cells knocked out for IQGAP1 lost AKT signaling. Disruption of IQGAP1-scaffolded PI3K/AKT signaling using a peptide that interferes with the ability of IQGAP1 to bind to PI3K reduced HNSCC cell survival. In vivo studies utilizing Iqgap1 -null ( Iqgap1 -/- ) mice demonstrated that IQGAP1 is necessary for efficient PI3K signaling upon EGF-stimulation. Treatment of Iqgap1 -/- mice with the oral carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), Iqgap1 -/- led to significantly lower multiplicities of cancer foci as well as significantly lower numbers of high grade cancers than observed in similarly treated Iqgap1 +/+ mice. IQGAP1 protein was increased in its expression in HNSCCs arising in the Iqgap1 +/+ mice, consistent with that seen in human HNSCCs. We also observed a significant down-regulation of PI3K signaling in 4NQO-induced HNSCCs arising in the Iqgap1 -/- mice, consistent with IQGAP1 contributing to carcinogenesis by promoting PI3K signaling. Our studies, therefore, support the hypothesis that IQGAP1 acts as an oncogene in head and neck carcinogenesis, and provide mechanistic insight into its role.
A Comparison of Biological Coatings for the Promotion of Corneal Epithelialization of Synthetic Surface In Vivo (2003)

A biologically modified polymer can support migration and adhesion of corneal epithelial cells in vivo. The collagen I-modified surface exhibited the most promising performance, both clinically and histologically.
No hypothermic response to serotonin in 5-HT 7 receptor knockout mice (2003)

With data from recently available selective antagonists for the 5-HT(7) receptor, it has been hypothesized that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced hypothermia is mediated by the 5-HT(7) receptor, an effect previously attributed to other receptor subtypes. It has been established that the biologically active lipid oleamide allosterically interacts with the 5-HT(7) receptor to regulate its transmission. The most well characterized effects of oleamide administration are induction of sleep and hypothermia. Here, we demonstrate, by using mice lacking the 5-HT(7) receptor, that 5-HT-induced hypothermia is mediated by the 5-HT(7) receptor. Both 5-HT and 5-carboxamidotryptamine, a 5-HT(1) and 5-HT(7) receptor agonist, in physiological doses fail to induce hypothermia in 5-HT(7) knockout mice. In contrast, oleamide was equally effective in inducing hypothermia in mice lacking the 5-HT(7) receptors as in wild-type mice. When administered together, 5-HT and oleamide showed additive or greater than additive effects in reducing body temperature. Taken together, the results show that 5-HT-induced hypothermia is mediated by the 5-HT(7) receptor, and that oleamide may act through an independent mechanism as well as at an allosteric 5-HT(7) receptor site to regulate body temperature.
Circulating Endoglin Concentration Is Not Elevated in Chronic Kidney Disease (2011)

Renal function is not associated with the circulating concentration of soluble endoglin. Elevations in soluble endoglin concentration are unlikely to contribute to the progression of CKD or the predisposition of individuals with CKD to develop cardiovascular disease.
Bootstrapping in Controlled Calibration Experiments (1999)

We consider the determination of an unknown quantity—for example, the concentration of a particular chemical in a given sample or samples—using controlled calibration. Here several samples are prepared with concentrations chosen to cover a required range, and these are used to establish the relationship between concentration and the measured response to an assay method. This relationship is then used to estimate the concentration in the unknown samples from their measured responses. Confidence intervals for the estimated concentrations can usually be calculated by inverting a prediction interval, but in some situations this method becomes intractable. We explore the use of the bootstrap as an alternative in linear, nonlinear, and multivariate controlled calibration, using both simulation and real datasets from the field of immunoassay. We also discuss the alternatives afforded by replication of the design points. The bootstrap is found to be comparable to the standard method in simple situations and is easy to apply even in complex situations in which standard approaches perform poorly or are intractable.
Instabilité du génome mitochondrial et pathologies associées (2010)

Some cases of mitochondrial diseases are due to mitochondrial DNA instability: multiple deletions or depletions. These anomalies are responsible for a mitochondrial respiratory chain impairment leading to various clinical involvements ranging from mild features with multiple mtDNA deletions to severe organ failure and premature death caused by mtDNA depletions. Both, deletions and depletions share an important and common feature between these two specificities: indeed, both are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
Dimerization of the SP1 Region of HIV-1 Gag Induces a Helical Conformation and Association into Helical Bundles: Implications for Particle Assembly (2015)

Assembly of HIV-1 Gag into virus-like particles (VLPs) appears to require an interaction with nucleic acid, but replacement of its principal nucleic acid-binding domain with a dimerizing leucine zipper domain leads to the assembly of RNA-free VLPs. It has not been clear how dimerization triggers assembly. Results here show that the SP1 region spontaneously switches to a helical state when fused to a leucine zipper and that these helical molecules further associate into tetramers, mediated by interactions between hydrophobic faces of the helices. Thus, the correct juxtaposition of the SP1 region makes it "association competent." Residues from both capsid and SP1 contribute to tetramerization, while mutations disrupting proper assembly in Gag also prevent tetramerization. Thus, this region is part of an associating interface within Gag, and its intermolecular interactions evidently help stabilize the immature Gag lattice. These interactions are disrupted by proteolysis of the CA-SP1 junction during virus maturation.
Mechanism of the inhibition of DNA biosynthesis by 4,4'-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone) in leukemia L1210 cells. (1973)

Following the i.p. administration of a single therapeutic dose of 4,4′-diacetyldiphenyluria bis(guanylhydrazone) (DDUG), the incorporation of formate-14C and of thymidine-14C into the DNA of ascitic leukemia L1210 cells was inhibited to about the same extent. In a cell-free system, the DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase from L1210 cells was also inhibited by DDUG; this inhibition was similar regardless of whether the enzyme was from L1210 sensitive or resistant to DDUG or whether the DNA template was from calf thymus or from L1210. The degree of inhibition was directly proportional to the ratio of concentrations of DDUG and DNA template and was independent of the enzyme concentration. A 50% inhibition occurred at the ratio of 1 mole of DDUG to about 10 nucleotides of calf thymus DNA. In drug-sensitive L1210 cells exposed to 200 µm DDUG for 30 min in vitro , the incorporation of thymidine-14C into DNA was completely stopped within 10 min and a rapid decrease occurred in the label of thymidine nucleotides. At the same time, the label in the thymidine pool remained high and constant. 14C-labeled nucleotides of thymidine were found to leak from DDUG-treated cells. In cell-free systems, DDUG had no effect on the conversion of thymidine to thymidine 5′-triphosphate or the breakdown of thymidine 5′-triphosphate to thymidine.
Titelbild: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Omphadiol (Angew. Chem. 33/2011) (2011)

Schnelle C-C-Kupplungsschritte und eine ausgezeichnete Stereokontrolle charakterisieren die erste Totalsynthese von (+)-Omphadiol. In der Zuschrift auf S. 7679 ff. beschreiben D. Romo und G. Lui eine einfache Umwandlung von (R)-Carvon, aus der grünen Minze, über ein bicyclisches β-Lacton in Omphadiol, aus dem Ölbaumtrichterling. Mehrere Eintopf- oder stufenweise Reaktionen und das Arbeiten ohne Schutzgruppen ermöglichen diese kurze Synthese.
Design of A Software-defined Underwater Acoustic Modem with Real-time Physical Layer Adaptation Capabilities (2014)

This article describes the design of a custom software-defined modem with adaptive physical layer for underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. The modem consists of a commercial software-defined radio (SDR) interfaced with a wideband acoustic transducer through amplifying circuitry. With this custom-built platform, we focus on the unique physical layer challenges of the underwater acoustic channel to demonstrate the benefits of real-time adaptation in such rapidly varying environments. We first focus on an Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme. In particular, for the forward link, we consider and implement a high-data rate Zero-Padded OFDM (ZP--OFDM) physical layer with a superimposed convolutional error-correction coding scheme. ZP--OFDM offers high re-configurability in terms of number of OFDM subcarriers, modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK), and error-correction coding rate. Real-time adaptation at the transmitter is achieved through a robust feedback link based on a binary chirp spread-spectrum modulation (B-CSS). We demonstrate that joint real-time adaptation of system parameters such as modulation constellation and channel coding rate leads to significant data rate increase under preset bit-error-rate (BER) constraints. Moreover, in the same context, we present for the first time a seamless switch of our SDR transmitter between different signaling technologies such as OFDM and direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS).
Transition Metal Complexes of 2-(N-Succinimidyl)Pyrimidine (1993)

Abstract 2-(N-succinimidyl) pyrimidine complexes of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Ru(III) and Pd(II) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis spectra and magnetic moment measurements. High melting points and non-solubility in common organic solvents indicate their polymeric nature. The Ru(III), Pd(II) and Cu(II) complexes are soluble in DMSO. The low molar conductance of these complexes indicates their non-electrolytic nature. The observed magnetic moment values of the complexes are very close to those calculated for the metal in an octahedral environment of ligands. The values of 10Dq, B and have also been determined in cases where possible.
Temperature effect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries: A review (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries, with high energy density (up to 705 Wh/L) and power density (up to 10,000 W/L), exhibit high capacity and great working performance. As rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries serve as power sources in various application systems. Temperature, as a critical factor, significantly impacts on the performance of lithium-ion batteries and also limits the application of lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, different temperature conditions result in different adverse effects. Accurate measurement of temperature inside lithium-ion batteries and understanding the temperature effects are important for the proper battery management. In this review, we discuss the effects of temperature to lithium-ion batteries at both low and high temperature ranges. The current approaches in monitoring the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries via both contact and contactless processes are also discussed in the review. Keywords: Lithium-ion battery, Temperature effect, Internal temperature, Battery management, Thermal management
ChemInform Abstract: LiClO4‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition to α‐Chiral Aldehydes, Aldimines, and Oxiranes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.