gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Value and Future Developments of Multidisciplinary Team Cancer Care (2019)

Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) have been recommended as a key part of best cancer care for 25 years. Here, we set out the functions and approaches of MDTs and review their impact. Although the literature is patchy in quality, MDTs contribute to improving cancer care and outcomes. They must be well organized, efficient, and well led; work with sound and timely information; and communicate well within the team and with their patients. Patients need carefully prepared information to help them share in the decision-making process. MDTs will be improved by a series of ongoing innovative developments. Increasing information from molecular pathology will increase the precision of their decisions, although the technologies remain expensive and may not be accessible in all countries for some time. New point-of-care testing technologies will improve the quality and timeliness of testing. Good informatics is essential to deliver the information to patients and the MDT. MDTs should be research active, delivering clinical trials, and this should improve outcomes for all of their patients. Patient engagement and empowerment in MDTs should improve patient satisfaction and outcomes. Patient-reported outcome measures will improve MDTs' insights into their patients' problems and symptoms and can improve patient outcomes.
Solution Structure of Sea Anemone Toxins by NMR Spectroscopy (1990)

Numerous organisms, both marine and terrestrial, produce protein toxins. These are typically relatively small, and rich in disulfide crosslinks. Since they are often difficult to crystallize, relatively few structures from this class of proteins are known. In the past five years two dimensional NMR methods have developed to the point where they can be used to determine the solution structures of small proteins and nucleic acids. We have analyzed the structures of toxins II and III of Radianthus paumotensis using this approach. We find that the dominant structure is β-sheet, with the strands connected by loops of irregular structure. Most of the residues which have been determined to be important for toxicity are contained in one of the loops. The general methods used for structure analysis will be described, and the structures of the toxins RpII and RpIII will be discussed and compared with homologous toxins from other anemone species.
Pharynxpenetration einer dislozierten Schraube nach ventraler HWS Spondylodese (2020)

Die ventrale HWS Spondylodese ist eine gängige Methode zur Stabilisierung der Halswirbelsäule bei verschiedenen Pathologien (Instabilität bei Frakturen, Dislokationen, degenerative Veränderung). Komplikationen in Form von Schluckbeschwerden mit Fremdkörpergefühl, Hals-und Thoraxschmerzen auf Grund dislozierter Schrauben treten selten auf. Des Weiteren sind folgende Komplikationen beschrieben: Liquorleckage, wiederkehrende Kehlkopfverletzungen, pharyngoesophageale Verletzungen, prävertebraler Abszesse, Obstruktion der Atemwege, Mediastinitiden und Rupturen der A.carotis.
Development of an Attitude Sensor for a Cm-Sized Helicopter (2006)

Our developed cm-sized helicopter is inclined with a large pitch angle by the nose down moment generated by the aft propeller when it goes forward and when it keeps its position against a wind. This is because the ratio of parasite drag to the gravitational force is larger for a smaller helicopter. And the horizontal component of aerodynamic force generated by the main rotors, which equals the parasite drag, should be larger. Then, a small and lightweight attitude sensor was newly developed to measure the large pitching angle of the helicopter and to control the rotational speed of the aft propeller. The principle is same as that of a solar sensor.
Gnawing induced by dopaminergic mobilzation : differential effects of direct and indirect dopamine agonists in mice (1995)

peer reviewed
Comparison of 3D Space Perception for the Stereoscopic AR Holography (2013)

최근 플로팅 방식의 홀로그램이 전시, 교육, 광고 등에 많이 활용되고 있다. 그중에 하프 미러 방식은 플로팅 홀로그램 중 가장 널리 쓰이는 방식 중 하나이다. 하지만 하프 미러 방식은 완벽한 3차원 홀로그램의 경험을 주지는 못한다. 이미지가 공중에 떠 있는 것처럼 보이기는 하나, 홀로그램의 궁극적 목표인 공간상에 가상 이미지를 표현하지는 못한다. 더욱이 하프 미러 후면에 실제 오브젝트를 두고 가상의 이미지와 결합하여 함께 보여주고자 할 때, 두 객체가 공간상에서 불일치되는 현상이 발생한다.<BR> 본 논문에서는 스테레오 증강현실 홀로그래피에서의 삼차원 공간감 비교를 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 3차원 공간에서의 정확하고 효율적인 증강현실 구현을 위하여 하프 미러 기반 홀로그래픽 시스템에 입체 영상기법을 적용하였다. 이는 하프 미러 필름 후면에 위치한 실제 오브젝트와 하프 미러를 통해 반사된 가상 이미지가 같은 공간상에 함께 어우러져 있는 것처럼 표현할 수 있다. 또한, 뎁스 카메라를 사용하여 사용자의 움직임에 맞게 가상 카메라를 조절함으로써 자연스러운 패러럭스 표현이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법은 별도의 추가 장치 없이, 단지 하프 미러 필름을 통해서 비교적 간단하고 정확하게 실제 객체의 위치와 같은 공간상에 증강된 시각 정보를 표현한다. 제안한 증강현실 홀로그래피에서의 삼차원 공간감에 대해 비교 실험을 한 결과, 2D 이미지를 적용한 경우 보다 3D 이미지 혹은, 3D 이미지와 사용자 인터랙션을 함께 적용한 경우, 사용자에게 3차원 공간감, 현실감(realism)을 더 정확하고 효과적으로 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Improved rat genome gene prediction by integration of ESTs with RNA-Seq information (2014)

The predicted genes are available at http://rgd.mcw.edu.
Formalizing Logic Based Rules for Skills Classification and Recommendation of Learning Materials (2018)

First-order logic based data structure have knowledge representations in Prolog-like syntax. In an agent based system where beliefs or knowledge are in FOL ground fact notation, such representation can form the basis of agent beliefs and inter-agent communication. This paper presents a formal model of classification rules in first-order logic syntax. In the paper, we show how the conjunction of boolean [Passed, Failed] decision predicates are modelled as Passed(N) or Failed(N) formulas as well as their implementation as knowledge in agent oriented programming for the classification of students' skills and recommendation of learning materials. The paper emphasizes logic based contextual reasoning for accurate diagnosis of students' skills after a number of prior skills assessment. The essence is to ensure that students attain requisite skill competences before progressing to a higher level of learning.
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) draft genome assembly (2018)

Lumpfish draft genome assembly of a single diploid male. The fish was wild caught off the Norwegian west coast. The sample was sequenced using Illumina short-read (2x250 bp) and Oxford Nanopore long-read technology. The genome was assembled with the Masurca hybrid assembler v3.2.6 (scaffolds = 5735, scaffold N50 = 811K, total bases = 553 MB, genome coverage = 137x.)<br>fasta: C_lumpus_AG_NMBU_1.0.fasta.gzmd5sum: md5sum.txt
Supplementary Figure from Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Isozyme Targets in Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolic Isozyme Targets in Cancer
Engineers at Play: Games as Teaching Tools for Undergraduate Engineering Students (2015)

Abstract Background Many students may not respond strongly to instruction that they do not perceive as engaging. One pedagogical approach to help engage students involves the use of games. Educational games can provide students with a motivating and stimulating environment while providing them with immediate feedback to promote learning. Purpose This systematic review examines research focused on the implementation of games to teach undergraduate engineering students; it summarizes prevailing features and cites examples from a variety of engineering disciplines. Scope/Method The systematic review was conducted through a detailed search of Science Direct journals and the Scopus, Web of Science, Compendex/Inspec, and ERIC Education Research Abstract databases using terms pertinent to games in engineering education. A total of 191 papers was included after application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria. After screening those to determine if assessment of student learning outcomes was performed, 62 papers were found suitable for more detailed analysis. Conclusions Research on the implementation of games in undergraduate engineering classrooms has shown that, despite diverse forms of assessment applied, there is a general trend that both student learning and attitudes are improved by game‐based activities. However, since only a relatively small subset of the literature demonstrates a systematic, validated approach in assessment, significant opportunities remain for future research.
Controlled photostability of luminescent nanocrystalline ZnO solution for selective detection of aldehydes (2007)

Water-soluble, silane-functionalized ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized with improved colloidal stability, and their photostability was controlled for the selective detection of aldehydes.
Anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals ofSmRh4B4 (1987)

The magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of ${\mathrm{SmRh}}_{4}$${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$ has been measured for two orientations of the crystals with respect to the applied field H. At low temperatures, the easy direction of magnetization is perpendicular to the tetragonal c axis, while for temperatures higher than 73 K, the easy axis of magnetization is parallel to the c axis. The data have been analyzed by including intermediate coupling of the lowest three J manifolds of the ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$ ion, crystal-field interactions, and conduction-electron polarization effects. The anisotropy crossover is shown to result primarily from a competition between the anisotropy of the crystal-field energy levels in the ground (J=(5/2) manifold and the anisotropy of Van Vleck terms due to mixing of the J=(5/2 and J= 7) / 2 manifolds.
New Classical Prescriptions for Economic Growth (1995)

In the 1970s, the Keynesian theoretical orthodoxy came under increasing attack from the 'New Classical' school. The dissenters, led by the Chicago economist Milton Friedman, were initially dubbed 'monetarists', due to their insistence that the basic cause of inflation was excessively rapid growth of the money supply. But as the intellectual debate unfolded, it became clear that the fundamental disagreement between the monetarists (or 'New Classical' economists) and the Keynesians lay not in the determination of aggregate demand, but rather in the shape of the aggregate supply curve and the efficiency of the private sector. This chapter discusses the New Classical economists' critique of Keynesianism and examines their policy prescriptions for economic growth, many of which have been adopted by the Conservative Government since 1979.KeywordsGovernment SpendingAggregate DemandBudget DeficitClassical EconomistBlack EconomyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Refractive Indices of the Rat Retinal Layers (1993)

The refractive indices in various rat retinal layers, based on the total dry mass concentration, ranged from 1.369 to 1.385. The ratios of the refractive indices of neighboring retinal layers were near unity. This finding suggests that light passes through the rat retina without much refraction.
The OpenEar library of 3D models of the human temporal bone based on computed tomography and micro-slicing (2019)

Virtual reality surgical simulation of temporal bone surgery requires digitized models of the full anatomical region in high quality and colour information to allow realistic texturization. Existing datasets which are usually based on microCT imaging are unable to fulfil these requirements as per the limited specimen size, and lack of colour information. The OpenEar Dataset provides a library consisting of eight three-dimensional models of the human temporal bone to enable surgical training including colour data. Each dataset is based on a combination of multimodal imaging including Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and micro-slicing. 3D reconstruction of micro-slicing images and subsequent registration to CBCT images allowed for relatively efficient multimodal segmentation of inner ear compartments, middle ear bones, tympanic membrane, relevant nerve structures, blood vessels and the temporal bone. Raw data from the experiment as well as voxel data and triangulated models from the segmentation are provided in full for use in surgical simulators or any other application which relies on high quality models of the human temporal bone.
Block copolymers and telechelic oligomers by end group reaction of polymethacrylates (1996)

Abstract Block copolymers and telechelic oligomers bearing methacrylate moities were obtained by means of a new highly selective end group reaction. Starting from polymethacrylates that were prepared by radical polymerization in the presence of mercaptanes as chain transfer agents, the resulting ester end group linked to the terminal tertiary carbon atom of the polymer backbone can be either transesterified or saponified selectively. The selectivity of the end group reactions was determined by MALDI‐TOF‐mass spectrometry. Polymethacrylate‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐, polymethacrylate‐b‐poly(methacrylic acid)‐ and polymethacrylate‐b‐polysiloxane‐b‐polymethacrylate‐copolymers as well as α,ω‐dihydroxy‐ and α,ω‐dicarboxy‐telechelic polymethacrylates were prepared by applying end group transesterification or end group saponification.
Parameter Estimation in Astronomy with Poisson-Distributed Data. II. The Modified Chi-Square-Gamma Statistic (2000)

I investigate the use of Pearson's chi-square statistic, the Maximum Likelihood Ratio statistic for Poisson distributions, and the chi-square-gamma statistic (Mighell 1999, ApJ, 518, 380) for the determination of the goodness-of-fit between theoretical models and low-count Poisson-distributed data. I demonstrate that these statistics should not be used to determine the goodness-of-fit with data values of 10 or less. I modify the chi-square-gamma statistic for the purpose of improving its goodness-of-fit performance. I demonstrate that the modified chi-square-gamma statistic performs (nearly) like an ideal chi-square statistic for the determination of goodness-of-fit with low-count data. On average, for correct (true) models, the mean value of modified chi-square-gamma statistic is equal to the number of degrees of freedom (nu) and its variance is 2*nu --- like the chi-square distribution for nu degrees of freedom. Probabilities for modified chi-square-gamma goodness-of-fit values can be calculated with the incomplete gamma function. I give a practical demonstration showing how the modified chi-square-gamma statistic can be used in experimental astrophysics by analyzing simulated X-ray observations of a weak point source (signal-to-noise ratio of 5.2; 40 photons spread over 317 pixels) on a noisy background (0.06 photons per pixel). Accurate estimates (95% confidence intervals/limits) of the location and intensity of the X-ray point source are determined.
Illustrated Coronary Intervention: A Case Oriented Approach (2001)

1. Single Vessel Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) 2. Multivessel PTCA 3. Complex PTCA 4. Chronic Total Occlusions 5. PTCA in Acute Myocardial Infarction 6. Directional Coronary Atherectomy 7. Rotablator Coronary Atherectomy 8. Transluminal Extraction Coronary Atherectomy 9. Excimer Laser Coronary Atherectomy 10. Intracoronary Stents (Parts I & II) 11. Catheter Device Synergy 12. Intervention After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery 13. Coronary Artery Intervention with Special Balloons or Devices: 14. Complications After Coronary Intervention 15. Including IVUS, Cutting Balloon PTCA, Thrombectomy and Thrombolytic Devices and 16. Trials in Coronary Intervention 17. Doppler Flow and Pressure Wires
Information Design for a Non-atomic Service Scheduling Game (2021)

We study an information design problem for a non-atomic service scheduling game. The service starts at a random time and there is a continuum of agent population who have a prior belief about the service start time but do not observe the actual realization of it. The agents want to make decisions of when to join the queue in order to avoid long waits in the queue or not to arrive earlier than the service has started. There is a planner who knows when the service starts and makes suggestions to the agents about when to join the queue through an obedient direct signaling strategy, in order to minimize the average social cost. We characterize the full information and the no information equilibria and we show in what conditions it is optimal for the planner to reveal the full information to the agents. Further, by imposing appropriate assumptions on the model, we formulate the information design problem as a generalized problem of moments (GPM) and use computational tools developed for such problems to solve the problem numerically.
An MRI-compatible PET insert for whole body studies in rodents at high functional and anatomical resolution (2011)

The feasibility of performing high-resolution PET and high-field MRI simultaneously in rodents has been previously demonstrated in small-scale systems capable of imaging the rat brain and mouse. We are nearing completion of a larger scale PET system which will accommodate the whole rat and perform at 9.4 T with <;2 mm PET resolution. The PET insert has inner/outer diameters of 13.5/20.6 cm, compact enough to fit within the gradient set of a Varian large-bore 9.4T MRI system while accommodating on the inside a commercial Insight birdcage coil for the rat. The resulting volume capable of simultaneous PET/MRI imaging is 7 cm in diameter and 5 cm axially. The 96 PET detectors are arranged in 4 rings of modular detector blocks, each with an array of 2 × 2 × 14 mm LYSO crystal coupled to a Hamamatsu APD array and read out by the RatCAP ASIC. Data acquisition is divided into 4 sectors, each handled by a local FPGA which communicates via Ethernet to the host PC. Offline data processing software is being developed to bin coincidences and determine physical corrections. Image reconstruction follows a listmode OSEM approach. The design of all hardware components is complete and prototypes of each have been fabricated. System integration is underway and initial performance of the system will be presented.
Regulating Cortical Oscillations in an Inhibition-Stabilized Network (2014)

Understanding the anatomical and functional architecture of the brain is essential for designing neurally inspired intelligent systems. Theoretical and empirical studies suggest a role for narrowband oscillations in shaping the functional architecture of the brain through their role in coding and communication of information. Such oscillations are ubiquitous signals in the electrical activity recorded from the brain. In the cortex, oscillations detected in the gamma range (30-80 Hz) are modulated by behavioral states and sensory features in complex ways. How is this regulation achieved? Although several underlying principles for the genesis of these oscillations have been proposed, a unifying account for their regulation has remained elusive. In a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons operating in an inhibition-stabilized regime, we show that strongly superlinear responses of inhibitory neurons facilitate bidirectional regulation of oscillation frequency and power. In such a network, the balance of drives to the excitatory and inhibitory populations determines how the power and frequency of oscillations are modulated. The model accounts for the puzzling increase in their frequency with the salience of visual stimuli, and a decrease with their size. Oscillations in our model grow stronger as the mean firing level is reduced, accounting for the size dependence of visually evoked gamma rhythms, and suggesting a role for oscillations in improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signals in the brain. Empirically testing such predictions is still challenging, and implementing the proposed coding and communication strategies in neuromorphic systems could assist in our understanding of the biological system.
Plasma eicosanoids as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2020)

This study provides preliminary evidence that plasma eicosanoids may serve as noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis and may predict liver fibrosis improvement in NASH.
Adversarial Robustness of Flow-Based Generative Models (2020)

Flow-based generative models leverage invertible generator functions to fit a distribution to the training data using maximum likelihood. Despite their use in several application domains, robustness of these models to adversarial attacks has hardly been explored. In this paper, we study adversarial robustness of flow-based generative models both theoretically (for some simple models) and empirically (for more complex ones). First, we consider a linear flow-based generative model and compute optimal sample-specific and universal adversarial perturbations that maximally decrease the likelihood scores. Using this result, we study the robustness of the well-known adversarial training procedure, where we characterize the fundamental trade-off between model robustness and accuracy. Next, we empirically study the robustness of two prominent deep, non-linear, flow-based generative models, namely GLOW and RealNVP. We design two types of adversarial attacks; one that minimizes the likelihood scores of in-distribution samples, while the other that maximizes the likelihood scores of out-of-distribution ones. We find that GLOW and RealNVP are extremely sensitive to both types of attacks. Finally, using a hybrid adversarial training procedure, we significantly boost the robustness of these generative models.
Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families (2013)

Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
AudioLM: A Language Modeling Approach to Audio Generation (2023)

We introduce AudioLM, a framework for high-quality audio generation with long-term consistency. AudioLM maps the input audio to a sequence of discrete tokens and casts audio generation as a language modeling task in this representation space. We show how existing audio tokenizers provide different trade-offs between reconstruction quality and long-term structure, and we propose a hybrid tokenization scheme to achieve both objectives. Namely, we leverage the discretized activations of a masked language model pre-trained on audio to capture long-term structure and the discrete codes produced by a neural audio codec to achieve high-quality synthesis. By training on large corpora of raw audio waveforms, AudioLM learns to generate natural and coherent continuations given short prompts. When trained on speech, and without any transcript or annotation, AudioLM generates syntactically and semantically plausible speech continuations while also maintaining speaker identity and prosody for unseen speakers. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our approach extends beyond speech by generating coherent piano music continuations, despite being trained without any symbolic representation of music.