gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging protein aggregates in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson’s disease (2021)

Aggregation of α-synuclein plays a key role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Soluble aggregates are present not only within human brain but also the CSF and blood. Characterizing the aggregates present in these biofluids may provide insights into disease mechanisms and also have potential for aiding diagnosis. We used two optical single-molecule imaging methods called aptamer DNA-PAINT and single-aggregate confocal fluorescence, together with high-resolution atomic force microscopy for specific detection and characterization of individual aggregates with intermolecular β-sheet structure, present in the CSF and serum of 15 early stage Parkinson's disease patients compared to 10 healthy age-matched controls. We found aggregates ranging in size from 20 nm to 200 nm, in both CSF and serum. There was a difference in aggregate size distribution between Parkinson's disease and control groups with a significantly increased number of larger aggregates (longer than 150 nm) in the serum of patients with Parkinson's disease. To determine the chemical composition of the aggregates, we performed aptamer DNA-PAINT on serum following α-synuclein and amyloid-β immunodepletion in an independent cohort of 11 patients with early stage Parkinson's disease and 10 control subjects. β-Sheet aggregates in the serum of Parkinson's disease patients were found to consist of, on average, 50% α-synuclein and 50% amyloid-β in contrast to 30% α-synuclein and 70% amyloid-β in control serum [the differences in the proportion of these aggregates were statistically significant between diseased and control groups (P = 1.7 × 10-5 for each species)]. The ratio of the number of β-sheet α-synuclein aggregates to β-sheet amyloid-β aggregates in serum extracted using our super-resolution method discriminated Parkinson's disease cases from controls with an accuracy of 98.2% (AUC = 98.2%, P = 4.3 × 10-5). Our data suggest that studying the protein aggregates present in serum can provide information about the disruption of protein homeostasis occurring in Parkinson's disease and warrants further investigation as a potential biomarker of disease.
Selective BRAF inhibition decreases tumor-resident lymphocyte frequencies in a mouse model of human melanoma (2012)

The development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has markedly advanced the treatment of metastasized melanoma. While treatment with selective BRAF(V600E) inhibitors (like vemurafenib or dabrafenib) leads to high response rates but short response duration, CTLA-4 blocking therapies induce sustained responses, but only in a limited number of patients. The combination of these diametric treatment approaches may further improve survival, but pre-clinical data concerning this approach is limited. We investigated, using Tyr::CreER(T2)PTEN(F-/-)BRAF(F-V600E/+) inducible melanoma mice, whether BRAF(V600E) inhibition can synergize with anti-CTLA-4 mAb treatment, focusing on the interaction between the BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4720 and the immune system. While PLX4720 treatment strongly decreased tumor growth, it did not induce cell death in BRAF(V600E)/PTEN(-/-) melanomas. More strikingly, PLX4720 treatment led to a decreased frequency of tumor-resident T cells, NK-cells, MDSCs and macrophages, which could not be restored by the addition of anti-CTLA-4 mAb. As this effect was not observed upon treatment of BRAF wild-type B16F10 tumors, we conclude that the decreased frequency of immune cells correlates to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in tumor cells and is not due to an off-target effect of PLX4720 on immune cells. Furthermore, anti-CTLA-4 mAb treatment of inducible melanoma mice treated with PLX4720 did not result in enhanced tumor control, while anti-CTLA-4 mAb treatment did improve the effect of tumor-vaccination in B16F10-inoculated mice. Our data suggest that vemurafenib may negatively affect the immune activity within the tumor. Therefore, the potential effect of targeted therapy on the tumor-microenvironment should be taken into consideration in the design of clinical trials combining targeted and immunotherapy.
Dual low voltage IC based high and low side gate drive (2004)

High and low-side gate drivers are required in most switching power converters to provide on/off control of both ground referenced and floating switches. The drivers are required to provide sufficient current to the gates to meet timing requirements, provide a floating supply to the high-side device, and create a proper dead time between the switches to avoid simultaneous conduction. A method is proposed that uses two low-voltage integrated circuits (LVICs) to provide high and low-side gate drive in high-voltage applications. A coupling capacitor is placed between the two ICs to provide three functions: (1) high-voltage isolation, (2) high and low-side power supply, and (3) signaling to the high-side for on/off control. Integrated switches are used on each IC to provide active current steering for charge-pump power supply operation and current sensing for signaling detection. The required key blocks for IC fabrication are also discussed. A discrete test-bed is built to verify charge-pump operation as well as the characteristic current flowing through the coupling capacitor for detection and sequencing through the operating modes.
Promoted oxidation of aluminum thin films using an alkali metal catalyst (1993)

We investigate the effect of sodium overlayers on the oxidation of aluminum thin films by means of core level and valence band photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The presence of Na enhances the oxidation rate of the aluminum by nearly 4 orders of magnitude with formation, at room temperature, of alumina likely as α-Al2O3. The sodium catalyst is removed by thermal desorption at temperatures below 300 °C leading to the formation of an aluminum oxide having a larger binding energy than stoichiometric alumina. It indicates the formation at the surface of an aluminum oxide having higher oxidation states as Al2O3+x. Unlike catalytic oxidation of elemental semiconductors such as silicon, formation of Na related oxides are shown to play an important role in the alkali metal promoted aluminum oxidation. Interestingly, Na appears a more efficient catalyst for Al thin film than on single crystal surface. The micromechanisms of promotion are found to be significantly different from that of alkali metal promoted oxidation of semiconductor surfaces.
[Ultrasound biometry of the fetal heart]. (1992)

We report on biometric measurements of the fetal heart with the TM-technique; these measurements were carried out between the 20th and 40th gestational week. The right and left endsystolic atrial and ventricular diameters were, measured, as well as the diameters of the large vessels, i.e. aorta and pulmonary artery; finally, the septal thickness was determined. Our measurements show a linear progression of the diameters in question, the right-left ratio of the atria and ventricles was close to one, so was the ratio between aorta and pulmonary artery. Our results are compared, as far as possible, to the literature.
A digital television demodulator IC with 256 tap equalizer (2003)

The single-chip digital demodulator (AV8100) performs all digital demodulation and forward error correction functions in a digital TV receiver, High Definition TV (HDTV) receiver and related applications. The device conforms to the ATSC Digital Television standard for the reception of terrestrial broadcast over a 6 MHz channel using 8-VSB modulation. This CMOS chip performs matched filtering, timing recovery, carrier recovery, equalization, and forward error correction (FEC) on digitized IF pass-band samples at its input. The output from the device is an error corrected MPEG-2 transport stream with low jitter.
Grid security: lessons for peer-to-peer systems (2004)

The vision of the Grid is to provide a computational infrastructure supporting flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources. The Grid involves access to computer systems and data outside one's own company or institution. Security is therefore a major element in any Grid infrastructure, as it is necessary to ensure that only authorised access is permitted. The early development of the Grid also largely failed to take account of operational realities such as network administrator responsibilities and network devices such as firewalls. We believe that the peer-to-peer community is also likely to face similar conflicts between its decentralized management approach and the day-to-day concerns of those entrusted to maintain our security. We have found that it is necessary to develop a radical solution to some of these problems, including "proxy-free" delegation models and semantically-aware firewalls. The challenge for computer system developers and operators is to allow legitimate users to go about their business, while preventing unauthorised users from perpetrating these various types of abuse.
Improving the accuracy of environment-specific vehicular channel modeling (2012)

Networking research benefits from the controlled, repeatable experimentation provided by simulation and emulation systems. Making such simulations realistic is a challenge for wireless systems and is especially difficult for vehicular networks. This paper introduces a realistic vehicular channel simulation model that includes a Line-Of-Sight (LOS) module and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) fading module specially designed for vehicular channels.
Toward an LTE Hybrid Unicast Broadcast Content Delivery Framework (2017)

The era of ubiquitous access to a rich selection of interactive and high quality multimedia has begun; with it, significant challenges in data demand have been placed on mobile network technologies. Content creators and broadcasters alike have embraced the additional capabilities offered by network delivery; diversifying content offerings and providing viewers with far greater choice. Mobile broadcast services introduced as part of the long term evolution standard, that are to be further enhanced with the release of 5G, do aid in spectrally efficient delivery of popular live multimedia to many mobile devices, but, ultimately rely on all users expressing interest in the same single stream. The research presented herein explores the development of a standards aligned, multi-stream aware framework; allowing mobile network operators the efficiency gains of broadcast while continuing to offer personalized experiences to subscribers. An open source, system level simulation platform is extended to support broadcast, characterized, and validated. This is followed by the implementation of a hybrid unicast broadcast synchronization (HUBS) framework able to dynamically vary broadcast resource allocation. The HUBS framework is then further expanded to make use of scalable video content.
Choice of pretransplant treatment and timing of transplants for chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase [see comments] (1993)

Abstract We analyzed the outcome of 450 HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase performed between 1985 and 1990 and reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR). All patients received either hydroxyurea (n = 292) or busulfan (n = 158) to treat their CML before transplant. The median interval between diagnosis and transplant was 10 months (range, 1 to 191). Patients treated with hydroxyurea had a higher probability (95% confidence interval) of leukemia-free survival (LFS) at 3 years than those treated with busulfan (61% [51% to 70%] v 45% [36% to 55%], P &lt; .0003). Probability of LFS was also higher in patients transplanted within 1 year of diagnosis (61% [53 to 68%] v 47% [38% to 57%], P &lt; .001). After adjustment for patient and transplant covariables in a multivariate analysis, prior chemotherapy and duration of disease pretransplant were independently associated with LFS. These data support the use of hydroxyurea rather than busulfan and transplant within 1 year of diagnosis for patients with CML and an HLA-identical sibling.
HYDROXAMIC ACIDS FROM ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTHYDROXAMIC ACIDS FROM ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDSCHARLES D. HURD and DONALD G. BOTTERONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 3, 207–214Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01173a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01173a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytosolic expression of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SacB protein inhibits tissue development in transgenic tobacco and potato (1997)

SUMMARY Fructans are linear or branched polymers containing a single sucrose and repeating fructose residues. An early model for fructan biosynthesis in higher plants suggested that partial synthesis of the polymer occurred in the cell cytosol. The current model suggests that synthesis requires the interaction of two separate fructosyltransferases located in the vacuole. Tobacco lines containing a chemically induced promoter, directing expression of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SacB gene in the present study, provided an opportunity to regulate and target fructan synthesis to the cytosol of transgenic plants. Induced expression of the gene led to rapid destruction of leaf tissue. Amino acid substitution at a highly conserved site (Arg 331 ) in the SacB gene reduced the fructosyltransferase efficiency without reducing the invertase activity of the enzyme. Expression of the mutant gene in transgenic tobacco also resulted in leaf damage. However, the appearance of necrotic tissue was greatly delayed. The results suggest that the phenotype is due to accumulation of fructan in the cytosol. Fructan metabolism in the cytosol of potato tubers was also detrimental to development. Tuber size and starch synthesis was significantly reduced in lines containing the untargeted gene. Transgenic tobacco and potato containing the SacB gene offer an opportunity to study the metabolism of fructan and the effect of accumulation on plant cell development.
Viscoelastic characterization of soft tissue from dynamic finite element models (2008)

An iterative solution to the inverse problem of elasticity and viscosity is proposed in this paper. A new dynamic finite element model that is consistent with known rheological models has been derived to account for the viscoelastic changes in soft tissue. The model assumes known lumped masses at the nodes, and comprises two vectors of elasticity and viscosity parameters that depend on the material elasticity and viscosity distribution, respectively. Using this deformation model and the observed dynamic data for harmonic excitation, the inverse problem is solved to reconstruct the viscosity and elasticity in the medium by using a Gauss-Newton-based approach. As in other inverse problems, previous knowledge of the parameters on the boundaries of the medium is necessary to assure uniqueness and convergence and to obtain an accurate map of the viscoelastic properties. The sensitivity of the solutions to noise, model and boundary conditions has been studied through numerical simulations. Experimental results are also presented. The viscosity and elasticity of a gelatin-based phantom with inclusion of known properties have been reconstructed and have been shown to be close to the values obtained using standard rheometry.
Cover Feature: An Activated TiC–SiC Composite for Natural Gas Upgrading via Catalytic Oxyhalogenation (ChemCatChem 6/2018) (2018)

The Cover Feature shows the generation of the active titania phase embedded into a silicon carbide matrix to develop an efficient catalyst for the selective activation of C–H bonds. This strategy is critical for the establishment of new catalytic technologies for the exploitation of abundant natural gas reserves as potential feedstock for chemicals and fuels. In their Full Paper, G. Zichittella, B. Puértolas et al. identify a TiC–SiC composite for the functionalization of natural gas by oxyhalogenation chemistry. Methane and ethane were converted into key platform molecules for the chemical industry such as methyl halides and ethylene with high selectivity and space time yields, respectively. More information can be found in the Full Paper by G. Zichittella, B. Puértolas et al. on page 1282 in Issue 6, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701632).
Improved space-time trellis coded modulation schemeon slowRayleigh fading channels (2001)

It has been established that the appropriate criteria for space-time trellis coded modulation (STTCM) design on slow Rayleigh fading channels are maximisation of the minimum rank and the minimum determinant of the distance matrices. It is demonstrated that when STTCM is used in systems with a large product (&gt;3) of the numbers of transmit and receive antennas, the design of codes with maximum coding gain is governed by the minimum trace of the distance matrices. A number of new codes based on the proposed design criterion have been constructed and shown to be superior to other known codes.
Acetolysis of 3,3-disubstituted cyclobutyl tosylates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetolysis of 3,3-disubstituted cyclobutyl tosylatesC. J. Michejda and R. W. ComnickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 8, 1046–1050Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00896a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00896a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel low-temperature process for high dielectric constant BST thin films for ULSI DRAM applications (2002)

BST (BaSrTiO/sub 3/) thin films are being widely studied as alternative dielectrics for ULSI DRAM storage capacitors. An important issue involved in the use of these films is related to the process integration with silicon technology. For example the high temperatures at which the films are typically deposited and/or annealed is one of the major concerns. In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, a new technology whereby high quality BaSrTiO/sub 3/ films are obtained at a temperature as low as 460/spl deg/C without any post deposition anneals. Excellent resistance to electrical stress and post-deposition processing steps are also demonstrated.
A Self-Quenched Galactosamine-Serum Albumin-RhodamineX Conjugate: A “Smart” Fluorescent Molecular Imaging Probe Synthesized with Clinically Applicable Material for Detecting Peritoneal Ovarian Cancer Metastases (2007)

Self-quenched GmSA-20ROX is more efficient than previous d-galactose-targeted fluorescent conjugates.
A Francisella tularensis Pathogenicity Island Required for Intramacrophage Growth (2004)

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the highly infectious zoonotic disease tularemia. We have discovered a ca. 30-kb pathogenicity island of F. tularensis (FPI) that includes four large open reading frames (ORFs) of 2.5 to 3.9 kb and 13 ORFs of 1.5 kb or smaller. Previously, two small genes located near the center of the FPI were shown to be needed for intramacrophage growth. In this work we show that two of the large ORFs, located toward the ends of the FPI, are needed for virulence. Although most genes in the FPI encode proteins with amino acid sequences that are highly conserved between high- and low-virulence strains, one of the FPI genes is present in highly virulent type A F. tularensis, absent in moderately virulent type B F. tularensis, and altered in F. tularensis subsp. novicida, which is highly virulent for mice but avirulent for humans. The G+C content of a 17.7-kb stretch of the FPI is 26.6%, which is 6.6% below the average G+C content of the F. tularensis genome. This extremely low G+C content suggests that the DNA was imported from a microbe with a very low G+C-containing chromosome.
Growth and Saturation of the Electron Drift Instability in a Crossed Field Plasma (2023)

The linear growth and nonlinear energy transfer of the electron drift instability (EDI) are experimentally measured in the plume of a low-temperature, Hall effect discharge. A frequency-based bispectral analysis technique applied to fast ion density fluctuation measurements shows a growth rate function that is qualitatively similar to predictions from the linear instability dispersion relation, but an order of magnitude smaller. Calculation of the nonlinear transfer function indicates multiple three-wave interactions between high-frequency resonances of the instability in addition to an inverse energy cascade toward lower-frequency modes. These results are discussed in the context of recent theoretical, numerical, and experimental efforts on the EDI in Hall effect discharges and how the EDI may impact anomalous cross field transport.