gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning in the Digital Age: paving a smooth path with digital lecture halls (2003)

In the transition from traditional teaching and learning to e-learning, this paper emphasises smoothness. Many virtual university and corporate university efforts worldwide try to showcase big leaps forward, yet they lack sustainability, suffer from in-vitro conditions and leave behind the majority of teachers (learning and teaching are used in the widest sense of these terms). The Digital Lecture Hall (DLH) project accommodates traditional teaching methods on the spot - making them 'digitally' available for computer assistance - but also reaches out to a large variety of computer-assisted methods and accompanies new organizational and business models. Apart from this smooth, yet far-reaching transition, DLH has a second focus: the attempt to exploit venues which go well beyond the normal classroom size. As opposed to the well-known "electronic classroom" efforts, which are limited to some 15 to 30 local participants, audiences without size limits are supported in DLH, with the fist implementation in operation offering a seating capacity of about 150.
ABLE: A toolkit for building multiagent autonomic systems (2002)

This paper describes a toolkit for building multiagent autonomic systems. The IBM Agent Building and Learning Environment (ABLE) provides a lightweight Java™ agent framework, a comprehensive JavaBeans™ library of intelligent software components, a set of development and test tools, and an agent platform. We describe a series of agents built using ABLE components and present three case studies of applications using the ABLE toolkit. The Autotune agent is a closed-loop controller agent that supports hierarchical distributed control. The Subsumption agent defines specific behaviors or strategies and can be plugged into a multiagent subsumption infrastructure. The Autonomic agent architecture features sensors and effectors for interacting with the external environment, layers of reflexive, reactive, and adaptive subsumption agents, components that dynamically model the autonomic system itself and its environment, and components for emotions, planning, and executive-level decision-making. By using the ABLE component library to build agents running on the ABLE distributed agent platform, we discuss how we can incrementally add new behaviors and capabilities to intelligent, autonomic systems.
Multi-Scale Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks (2020)

A multi-scale R-FCN detection algorithm is presented to solve the problem of region-based full convolution network (R-FCN) in multi-scale object detection. Firstly, in order to solve the problem that R-FCN algorithm has limited receptive field and semantic information in single feature map detection, a multi-scale proposal box (proposal) is obtained by using multi-scale feature maps in the main network. At the same time, in order to make the feature maps of different layers have rich semantic information at the same time during the two-stage detection, the feature maps of different layers are fused from top to bottom. Finally, in order to make the two-stage position-sensitive score map also have good multiscale representation ability, a multi-layer shared convolution method is used to generate the position-sensitive score map. The experimental results on PASCAL VOC dataset show that the multiscale R-FCN algorithm in this paper is better than the original R-FCN algorithm in detection accuracy. At the same time, the detection map shows that the algorithm performs better in multi-scale object detection.
Introduction to the absolute brightness and number statistics in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (2019)

Abstract As a tutorial, we examine the absolute brightness and number statistics of photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) from first principles. In doing so, we demonstrate how the diverse implementations of SPDC can be understood through a single common framework, and use this to derive straightforward formulas for the biphoton generation rate (pairs per second) in a variety of different circumstances. In particular, we consider the common cases of both collimated and focused Gaussian pump beams in a bulk nonlinear crystal, as well as in nonlinear waveguides and micro-ring resonators. Furthermore, we examine the number statistics of down-converted light using a non-perturbative approximation (the multi-mode squeezed vacuum), to provide quantitative formulas for the relative likelihood of multi-pair production events, and explore how the quantum state of the pump affects the subsequent statistics of the down-converted light. Following this, we consider the limits of the undepleted pump approximation, and conclude by performing experiments to test the effectiveness of our theoretical predictions for the biphoton generation rate in a variety of different sources.
An HMM-based approach to automatic phrasing for Mandarin text-to-speech synthesis (2006)

Automatic phrasing is essential to Mandarin text-to-speech synthesis. We select word format as target linguistic feature and propose an HMM-based approach to this issue. Then we define four states of prosodic positions for each word when employing a discrete hidden Markov model. The approach achieves high accuracy of roughly 82%, which is very close to that from manual labeling. Our experimental results also demonstrate that this approach has advantages over those part-of-speech-based ones.
In-furnace temperature and heat flux mapping in a kraft recovery boiler (2010)

Gas temperatures, incident heat flux, and surface temperatures were measured in a large kraft recovery boiler. The measurements were a part of an extensive campaign planned and carried out to support validation of models based on computational fluid dynamics. The gas temperatures were measured with three different techniques: infrared (IR) pyrometer, suction pyrometer, and unshielded thermocouples. In addition to the temperature measurements, the radiative heat flux was measured in a number of locations in the boiler using a portable heat flux probe, and the surface temperatures inside the boiler were measured using a portable single-band IR camera.
Functionalization of polyisobutylene and polyisobutylene oligomers via the ritter reaction Part A Polymer chemistry (2018)

The Ritter reaction, that is, reaction of a carbocation with a nitrile, was carried out on polyisobutylene (PIB) using a variety of reaction conditions. End quenching of PIB carbocations with acrylonitrile under living polymerization conditions (methyl chloride (MeCl)/hexane 60/40 (v/v) solvent mixtures at −70 °C) resulted in either tert‐chloride end groups or loss of chain‐end fidelity via carbocation rearrangement, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. Exo‐olefin functionalized PIB substrates were also reacted with nitriles under a variety of reaction conditions including various acid and solvent medium combinations. In all cases, the result was either no reaction or PIB that had undergone severe backbone degradation, as determined via NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Finally, the Ritter reaction was performed on a series of exo‐olefin functionalized oligoisobutylenes using acrylonitrile as the nitrile and either 60/40 dichloromethane/hexane or excess acrylonitrile as the solvent. In 60/40 dichloromethane/hexane, significant carbocation rearrangement and/or degradation resulted in a variety of isomeric, acrylamide‐functionalized oligomers. In excess acrylonitrile, the desired Ritter reaction was the only reaction observed, resulting in the smooth formation of the terminal acrylamide. The various N‐oligoisobutylacrylamides thus obtained represent new hydrophobic monomers useful for the introduction of hydrophobic moieties into acrylamide‐based water‐soluble polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 840–852
Small RNAs of Rous Sarcoma Virus: Characterization by Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Fingerprint Analysis (1973)

Approximately 15 to 20 different species of small (4 to 7S) RNAs have been purified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of RNA isolated from virions of Schmidt-Ruppin D strain of Rous sarcoma virus. Each species of small RNA has been isolated free of 70S RNA; nine of them, including 5S and 7S RNAs, were also found associated with the 70S genomic RNA. Most of the 4S RNAs are present at an average of less than one copy per virion. The 4S RNAs have T1 RNase (EC 2.7.7.26) fingerprints, which are very similar to those of tRNAs. One of the smallest 4S RNAs, which can act as a primer for initiation of RNA-directed DNA synthesis, is associated with the 70S RNA in 1 to 2 copies per complex, whereas an additional 6 to 8 copies of this molecule are free.
Study of efficient semipolar (11-22) InGaN green micro-light-emitting diodes on high-quality (11-22) GaN/sapphire template (2019)

We investigated the electrical and optical performances of semipolar (11-22) InGaN green µLEDs with a size ranging from 20 × 20 µm<sup>2</sup> to 100 × 100 µm<sup>2</sup>, grown on a low defect density and large area (11-22) GaN template on patterned sapphire substrate. Atom probe tomography (APT) gave insights on quantum wells (QWs) thickness and indium composition and indicated that no indium clusters were observed in the QWs. The µLEDs showed a small wavelength blueshift of 5 nm, as the current density increased from 5 to 90 A/cm<sup>2</sup> and exhibited a size-independent EQE of 2% by sidewall passivation using atomic-layer deposition, followed by an extremely low leakage current of ~0.1 nA at -5 V. Moreover, optical polarization behavior with a polarization ratio of 40% was observed. This work demonstrated long-wavelength µLEDs fabricated on semipolar GaN grown on foreign substrate, which are applicable for a variety of display applications at a low cost.
Glycosylation Pattern of Mature Dimeric Leukocyte and Recombinant Monomeric Myeloperoxidase (2010)

The involvement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in various inflammatory conditions has been the scope of many recent studies. Besides its well studied catalytic activity, the role of its overall structure and glycosylation pattern in biological function is barely known. Here, the N-glycan composition of native dimeric human MPO purified from neutrophils and of monomeric MPO recombinantly expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells has been investigated. Analyses showed the presence of five N-glycans at positions 323, 355, 391, 483, 729 in both proteins. Site by site analysis demonstrated a well conserved micro- and macro-heterogeneity and more complex-type N-glycans for the recombinant form. Comparison of biological functionality of glycosylated and deglycosylated recombinant MPO suggests that glycosylation is required for optimal enzymatic activity. Data are discussed with regard to biosynthesis and the three-dimensional structure of MPO.
Reichert's Membrane as a Model for Studying the Biosynthesis and Assembly of Basement Membrane Components (1984)

The major components of Reichert's membrane (laminin, type IV procollagen, entactin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan) are all synthesized by the parietal endoderm cells of the mouse embryo. Fibronectin is found mainly on the trophoblast side of Reichert's membrane and does not appear to be a major structural component. Parietal endoderm cells are thought to differentiate and migrate as individual cells from the margins of the epithelial visceral endoderm layer. They may interact with the type IV collagen in Reichert's membrane via a surface-associated protein of Mr = 47000 known as 'colligin'. Parietal endoderm cells are a rich source of mRNAs for basement membrane components and have been used to prepare a cDNA library in the expression vectors pUC8 and pUC9 from which cDNAs for type IV collagen and laminin B chains have been isolated.
ARPES studies on the low-energy electronic structure of superconducting Pr$_2$CuO$_4$ driven by oxygen non-stoichiometry (2018)

Bulk crystals of electron-doped cuprates with the T'-type structure require both Ce substitutions and reduction annealing for the emergence of superconductivity while the reduction annealing alone can induce superconductivity in thin films of the T'-type cuprates. In order to reveal low-energy electronic states which are responsible for the superconductivity, we have conducted angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on thin films of the superconducting Ce-free T'-type cuprate Pr$_2$CuO$_4$. The results indicate that the overall band structure and the Fermi surface area of the superconducting Pr$_2$CuO$_4$ are similar to those of superconducting Ce-doped bulk single crystals, highlighting the importance of the actual electron concentration rather than the Ce concentration when discussing the physical properties of the T'-type cuprates.
Botulinum Toxin Type A for Nonsurgical Lateral Release in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Case Study (2011)

Botulinum injection into the vastus lateralis in conjunction with VM strengthening may provide more effective treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Further study is needed to explore this novel treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome.
REVERSIBLE CONE PHOTORECEPTOR INJURY IN COMMOTIO RETINAE OF THE MACULA (1995)

Retinal opacification in Berlin edema is accompanied by a traumatic lesion at the level of the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex. These results support recent histopathologic data on commotio retinae, which revealed moderate photoreceptor outer segment disruption and retinal pigment epithelium damage. According to our data, such damage might be reversible.
Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 + T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy (2020)

Abstract Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) insert-expressing, 68-1 Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors elicit major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E- and -II-restricted, SIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses, but the basis of these unconventional responses and their contribution to demonstrated vaccine efficacy against SIV challenge in the rhesus monkeys (RMs) has not been characterized. We demonstrate that these unconventional responses resulted from a chance genetic rearrangement in 68-1 RhCMV that abrogated the function of eight distinct immunomodulatory gene products encoded in two RhCMV genomic regions (Rh157.5/.4 and Rh158-161). Differential repair of these genes with either RhCMV-derived or orthologous human CMV (HCMV)-derived sequences (UL128/130; UL146/147) leads to either of two distinct CD8 + T cell response types – MHC-Ia-restricted-only, or a mix of MHC-II- and MHC-Ia-restricted CD8 + T cells. Despite response magnitude and functional differentiation being similar to RhCMV 68-1, neither alternative response type mediated protection against SIV challenge. These findings implicate MHC-E-restricted CD8 + T cell responses as mediators of anti-SIV efficacy and indicate that translation of RhCMV/SIV vector efficacy to humans will likely require deletion of all the genes that inhibit these responses from the HCMV/HIV vector. One-sentence summary Eight genes in two spatially distinct RhCMV gene regions control induction of unconventionally restricted CD8 + T cell responses and the efficacy of RhCMV/SIV vaccine vectors against SIV challenge.
[Expression levels of APP and PS1 genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease]. (2006)

The gene expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) in the peripheral blood samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD) and their association with the disease were studied. The absolute expression levels of APP and PS1 genes were quantified in 45 AD patients, 25 patients with vascular dementia (VD) and 60 healthy controls by real-time quantitative PCR using SYBR Green I. The APP expression levels in healthy controls, AD cases and VD cases are 0.026+/-0.005, 0.044+/-0.006 and 0.072+/-0.013 amol/microg cDNA, respectively; and the PS1 expression levels are 0.026+/-0.004, 0.051+/-0.011 and 0.039+/-0.005 amol/microg cDNA, respectively. Both APP and PS1 expression levels were significantly elevated in AD or in VD cases (APP, AD vs Control, t=2.639, P<0.01, VD vs Control, t=3.028P<0.01; PS1, AD vs Control, t=2.173P<0.05, VD vs Control, t=2.012P<0.05). It seems that elevated APP and PS1 gene expression is associated with dementia but not especially with AD.
Cell Cycle Regulation of Nuclear Factor p92 DNA-binding Activity by Novel Phase-specific Inhibitors (1996)

The nuclear factor p92, originally discovered by its interaction with the human papillomavirus type 18 enhancer, is a cellular protein whose activity is restricted to S phase in human primary fibroblasts. The human papillomavirus type 18 p92 binding sequence confers enhancer activity on a heterologous promoter, suggesting that p92 acts as a transcription factor. We have identified a class of nuclear inhibitory proteins, I-92s, which noncovalently associate with p92 but not with other transcription factors such as AP1, E2F, or NF-kappaB. Different I-92s occur in G1, G2, and G0, while no I-92 is detectable in S phase. Phase-specific inhibitors, therefore, are responsible for the cell cycle dependence of p92 activity and provide a novel mechanism linking transcription factor regulation with the cell cycle.
Synthetic Carbapenem Antibiotics. I. 1-b-Methylcarbapenem (1984)

A total synthesis of a novel I-B-methylcarbapenem antibiotic, (-)- -(1&,5~,6~F2-(2-~~-dimethylemino-2-iminoethylthio~6~(l&j-l-hydroxyethyi~l-met~ ylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxyiic acid 1, is reported.Compound 1 is highly resistant to renal dipeptidase-I yet retains the excellent antibacterial activities of N-formimidoylthienamycin.Since the discovery of thienamycin, many natu?elly occurring and synthetic carbapenem antibiotics have been reported.lThe main thrust of this structural modification work has been directed toward elaborating various new substituents a t position C-2 and C-6 on the bicyclic cerbapenem nucleus.Nevertheless, none of these carbapenem antibiotics has simultaneously overcome the deficiencies of thienamycin, i & , chemical instability at.high concentration and susceptibility t o renal dipeptidase-12 while retaining its excellent antibacterial activity.In the search for a chemically and metabolically stable carbapenem antibiotic, we have undertaken a program directed toward the synthesis of 1-substituted carbapenems.Though a few 1-substituted carbapenems have been reported recently,3 they either do not have optimal substituents a t C-2 and C-6 positions of the carbapenem ring system or are devoid of the antibacterial activity of thienamycin.Herein, we wish t o report the total synthesis of exceptionally stable and potent 1.2.6-trisubstituted carbapenem antibiotics.a novel 1-0-methyicarbapenem, (-~(1~5~6~)-2-(2-~~-dimethylamino-2-iminoethylthio~-&~~l~Fl-hydro~-ethyl>l-methylcarbepen-2-em-3-carboxyiic acid 1.
A Generic Framework for Negotiations and Trading in Context Aware Radio (2004)

The support of reconfiguration requires the existence of negotiation procedures and trading rules connecting the device reconfiguration manager with the corresponding network proxies that will operate between the network proxies and the managed equipment, and will enable the exchange of information (e.g. mode availability, access network capabilities) or the ordering of certain procedures to take place. The task of the reconfiguration is to gather all the required software modules and carry out the individual reconfiguration steps. However, in the future mobile terminals will have access to different radio access technologies and utilize different communication protocols depending on the requested application QoS. Moreover context aware application should be developed that can adapt their level of functionality to dynamic radio resource restrictions like available bandwidth, delay and link interruptions. Therefore a generic software framework for adaptation and reconfiguration is a necessity. In this paper we propose a framework that supports the development of customized middleware, reconfigurable protocol stacks and adaptive application services in the three main layers of reconfiguration (infrastructure, application and user layers). The framework is composed of the following main phases: Profile and context management, Adaptations decision and trading rules and Realizations of the technical reconfiguration.
A comparative study of signal processing methods for structural health monitoring (2016)

In this paper four non-parametric and five parametric signal processing techniques are reviewed and their performances are compared through application to a sample exponentially damped synthetic signal with closely-spaced frequencies representing the ambient response of structures. The non-parametric methods are Fourier transform, periodogram estimate of power spectral density, wavelet transform, and empirical mode decomposition with Hilbert spectral analysis (Hilbert-Huang transform). The parametric methods are pseudospectrum estimate using the multiple signal categorization (MUSIC), empirical wavelet transform, approximate Prony method, matrix pencil method, and the estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) method. The performances of different methods are studied statistically using the Monte Carlo simulation and the results are presented in terms of average errors of multiple sample analyses.
Effect of Working Fluid on Sub-2 nm Particle Detection with a Laminar Flow Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter (2008)

The effect of working fluid on size-dependent activation efficiencies with the laminar flow ultrafine condensation particle counter described by Stolzenburg and McMurry (1991) was studied theoretically and experimentally.Criteria considered include tendency to avoid homogeneous nucleation within the condenser and toxicity.The working fluids that were identified have vapor pressures below that of butanol, so particles grow to smaller sizes and are more difficult to detect optically.Therefore we use a second, conventional CPC as a "booster" to grow particles to a detectable size.Experiments were performed to obtain the size-and material-dependent activation efficiencies for ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, oleic acid, and DOS.Using diethylene glycol and oleic acid, values of the 50% activation efficiency diameter, D p50 , for negatively charged particles generated by evaporating sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and silver were <1.2 (<0.8) nm , 1.4-1.5 (1.0-1.2) nm, and 1.9-2.0(1.5) nm as mobility (mass) diameter, respectively.The stability of the UCPC for long-term operation using ethylene glycol and propylene glycol as working fluids was tested by monitoring the instrument's response to silver particles having size near D p50 in an air stream at 40-45% relative humidity.The performance was steady (3%) for several days indicating the instrument performs stably during unattended operation for realistic atmospheric sampling conditions.
Benchmarking for high-level synthesis (1992)

This paper discusses issues in benchmarking for synthesis, and suggests techniques for the comparison of benchmark descriptions, the synthesis tools used, as well as the synthesized designs finally generated. We propose a classification scheme for the assumptions made for the comparison of different synthesis tools, and present an Assumptions Chart that can be used to visualize different benchmarks, tools and synthesis results. We illustrate application of this Assumptions Chart using synthesis experiments that were conducted on some sample High-Level Synthesis Workshop bench-marks.