gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (2000)

Although medical applications for shape memory alloys (SMA) now dominate in today’s market, there are many applications in the industrial sector which have reached large volume production that far surpass the material usage in the medical fields. In the early growth of shape memory alloy technology the most important applications were for fasteners and couplings, mainly in the military sector. With the maturing of the technology, and the broader availability of alloys, industrial applications appear in a wide spectrum of commerce. Eyeglass frames were an early example of a new use of superelasticity which has grown to be a world wide product. Cellular phone antennas consume millions of feet of superelastic wire, and the development of underwire for women’s brassieres, formerly limited to Asian market, is now expanding into a worldwide fashion. A new idea of using superelastic NiTi powder to enforce the resistance of SnPdAg solder against failure induced by thermal stress appears promising. In the automotive sector, European car manufacturers have long been using SMA actuators for transmission fluid control. Now, it is growing with the most recent success in using a NiTiNb plug for sealing high-pressure fuel passages in diesel engine injectors. SMA actuators continue to achieve steady growth in safety valves for both consumer and industrial applications. New actuator applications include a thermal interrupter for protecting lithium ion battery from uncontrollable thermal runaway. Research and development activities continue in vibration and damping principles. Employing either passive or active means are well proven but the commercialization has been slow to develop. Active tuning of resonance frequency and seismic vibration controls may find their niches in the near future. Micro-electromechanical (MEM) devices fabricated using thin film NiTi actuators will also be briefly discussed.
Improved diagnostic accuracy of malignant neck lumps by a simple BMVC staining assay (2009)

A handheld device based on fluorescence of 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium)carbazole diiodide (BMVC) staining was established for the rapid, point-of-care screening of cancer cells (see Chang and co-workers, Analyst, 2007, 132, 745). Offering instant screening of cancer at low cost, here we apply this simple assay in clinical tests on fine needle aspirates of neck masses from 114 outpatients (115 specimens). The diagnostic accuracy of this simple method alone is ca. 80% (80/99). The combination of the BMVC test and the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology reduced the non-diagnosis from 17 cases in FNA cytology to 6 cases in the combined method. Moreover, an algorithm is proposed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of malignant neck lumps up to nearly 100%.
Genetic Evaluation of Length of Productive Life Including Predicted Longevity of Live Cows (1993)

Complete longevity data are available too late for most sire selection. Earlier selection is possible using correlated traits, nonlinear evaluation of censored data, or predicted longevities for live cows in addition to completed longevity data. Completed longevity was defined as total months in milk by 84 mo of age. Predicted longevity was computed by multiple regression from cows alive at six different ages. Variables included age at first calving, standardized first lactation milk yield (optional), lactation status (dry or milking), current months in milk, current months dry, and cumulative months in milk. Completed longevity data for dead cows were then merged with predicted longevity data for live cows. A total of 1,984,038 Holstein cows born from 1979 to 1983 were included and represented 1911 sires, each with at least 70 daughters. Heritability of longevity increased gradually from .03 at 36 mo to .08 at 84 mo. Phenotypic correlations of early with completed longevity ranged from .59 to .99; genetic correlations ranged from .92 to 1.00. Inclusion of yield for projection increased heritability at 36 mo substantially but decreased genetic correlation with complete longevity information. Expansion and weighting factors will allow predicted records to be used in longevity evaluations, which is similar to the procedures that allow predicted 305-d yields to be included in yield evaluations.
Adipocyte glycogen synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in obese and type II diabetic subjects (1986)

To determine whether 1) insulin stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and glycogen synthase (GS) in isolated human adipocytes and 2) adipocytes from subjects with obesity or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are resistant to the effects of insulin, PDH and GS were assayed in adipocytes from 11 control, 8 obese, and 9 NIDDM subjects. Basal PDH activities were 123 +/- 20, 129 +/- 21, and 128 +/- 25 pmol pyruvate oxidized/min per 2 X 10(5) adipocytes in these groups. Insulin stimulated PDH activity to a maximum of 223 +/- 38 pmol/min per 2 X 10(5) in adipocytes from control subjects, but did not significantly increase values from obese subjects. Insulin significantly decreased PDH activity in cells from NIDDM subjects (99 +/- 20 pmol/min per 2 X 10(5) cells, P less than 0.05). PDH activity assayed with high magnesium and calcium concentrations was significantly stimulated by insulin in adipocytes from control, but not obese or NIDDM subjects. GS assayed with 1 mM glucose 6-phosphate did not differ significantly among control, obese, or NIDDM subjects (446 +/- 110, 451 +/- 156, and 291 +/- 35 pmol incorporated into glycogen, respectively). Insulin significantly stimulated glycogen synthase in all three groups (827 +/- 179, 764 +/- 177, and 569 +/- 51 pmol incorporated) to a similar extent. Glycogen synthase assayed with 10 mM glucose 6-phosphate was decreased in NIDDM (1,335 +/- 131 pmol incorporated) compared with obese or control subjects (2,512 +/- 451 and 2,239 +/- 230 pmol incorporated, respectively, P less than 0.01).
Dermcidin identification from exhaled air for lung cancer diagnosis (2010)

To the Editors: 

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a simple and truly non-intrusive approach to acquire information on understanding airway inflammation and other diseases of the respiratory system, such as tumourigenesis 1–3. There are several striking advantages to utilising breath testing for screening purposes: 1) it does not influence airway function or cause inflammation 4; 2) it can be performed repeatedly within short intervals 5; 3) it is not significantly affected by age, sex or disease status 5; and 4) it can be considered as a lung-specific analytic approach. Cancer cells have distinct properties from normal cells in that they may synthesise new proteins or change the protein expression levels during tumourigenesis 6. A lot of soluble components of the lung exist in the epithelial lining fluid of alveoli 7; therefore, the secreted new synthetic proteins can be digested into peptides under enzymatic processes. Subsequently, the small peptides have the possibility of adding to exhaled breath like other EBC compounds. The exploration of endogenous peptides, created by enzymatic cleavage of proteins in particular cellular environments, can result in relevant biomarker candidates 8, 9. However, trace amounts of materials in EBC make detection a challenging task. This study was designed to determine the peptidome of EBC and to search for potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis.

The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Kaohsiung, Taiwan). Patients with histological evidence of primary lung cancer who were admitted to the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Dept of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital), between January 2008 and August 2008 were enrolled in the study. We enrolled patients with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …
Three-dimensional crossbar arrays of self-rectifying Si/SiO2/Si memristors (2017)

Memristors are promising building blocks for the next-generation memory and neuromorphic computing systems. Most memristors use materials that are incompatible with the silicon dominant complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, and require external selectors in order for large memristor arrays to function properly. Here we demonstrate a fully foundry-compatible, all-silicon-based and self-rectifying memristor that negates the need for external selectors in large arrays. With a p-Si/SiO<sub>2</sub>/n-Si structure, our memristor exhibits repeatable unipolar resistance switching behaviour (10<sup>5</sup> rectifying ratio, 10<sup>4</sup> ON/OFF) and excellent retention at 300 °C. We further build three-dimensinal crossbar arrays (up to five layers of 100 nm memristors) using fluid-supported silicon membranes, and experimentally confirm the successful suppression of both intra- and inter-layer sneak path currents through the built-in diodes. The current work opens up opportunities for low-cost mass production of three-dimensional memristor arrays on large silicon and flexible substrates without increasing circuit complexity.
Re-engineering of PIP3-antagonist triazole PITENIN's chemical scaffold: development of novel antifungal leads (2016)

A novel 4-(1-phenyl-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-(<italic>o</italic>-hydroxyphenyl)-1<italic>H</italic>-1,2,3-triazole was designed by integrating the structural features of triazole PITENIN anticancer agents and the azole class of antifungal drugs.
Performance Comparison of Iterative BP and Threshold Decoding for Convolutional Self-Doubly-Orthogonal Codes (2007)

The forward-only iterative decoding techniques for convolutional self-doubly-orthogonal codes are systematically presented based on one-step belief propagation (BP) decoding and one-step threshold decoding. A feedback mechanism and a weighing technique are examined in order to improve both the convergence speed and error performance. Computer simulation results show that compared with the iterative threshold decoding over an additive white Gaussian noise channel, the iterative BP decoding for these codes achieves essentially the same error performance while requiring only about half the number of iterations. Therefore, these two iterative decoding techniques can provide a tradeoff between the latency and the complexity of decoding and allow for the applications of these codes in very high speed wireless communications.
Comparison of the hydrophilic guidewire in double‐ and single‐wall entry needles: Potential hazards (1991)

Using an in vitro model, the potential hazard of using a new plastic-coated guidewire directly through both beveled, single-wall and nonbeveled, double-wall arterial puncture needles was assessed. Guidewire withdrawal directly through both types of needles resulted in either scraping and/or shearing of the plastic coating of the guidewire, leading to potential embolic debris. This problem was more significant when the guidewire was withdrawn through the beveled needle, in comparison to the nonbeveled type. Extreme caution should be used when using plastic-coated guidewires directly through metallic arterial entry needles.
Evaluation of oat cultivars and lines under infection with barley yellow dwarf virus. (2004)

Thirteen domestic and foreign oat cultivars and eight breeding lines bred from the University of Illinois were evaluated for resistance to barley yellow dwarf (BYD) using artificial inoculation with Rhopalosiphum padi viruliferous for an isolate of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV endemic to Moscow region origin. Cultivar Blaze and six Illinois lines showed the best grain yields under disease pressure that resembled a BYD epidemic.
Enhancing the microstructural, optical, and tensile properties of the PVC‐PMMA blend film: The role of PbO nanoparticles incorporation (2023)

Abstract PVC‐PMMA and PVC‐PMMA‐PbO PNC films were prepared. HR‐TEM confirmed the nanoparticle structure of PbO, while XRD assured its purity, tetragonal structure, with crystallites measuring 35.71 nm. SEM showed the blend surface appeared smooth and homogenous with a fingerprint shape, and loading increased the surface roughness. PbO was reported to be evenly distributed across the blend surface. FTIR confirmed that all blend functional groups are present and the formation of hydrogen bonds between PVC and PMMA, besides the strong interactions between PbO and blend chains. Different optical constants were investigated using UV–vis‐IR spectroscopy. The transmittance of the blend was 81.99% and decreased to 48.14% after loading 4 wt.% PbO (at 500 nm). Loading causes an increase in absorption. The extinction coefficient shows low extinction coefficients ( k &lt; 10 −6 ). Loading PbO narrowed the blend band gaps and increased the refractive index n . The carrier's concentration to the electron effective mass was reported. Optical conductivity, energy loss functions, and nonlinear optical parameters were also studied. Tensile properties revealed that loading increased Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The enhancements in optical and mechanical characteristics of PNC films illustrate the possibility of extending their applications to include the semiconductor, electronics, and optics industries.
Coherent demodulation of microwave signals by using optical heterodyne technique with applications to point to point indoor wireless communications systems (2011)

An optical communications system using a couple microstrip antennas for distributing point to point analog TV with coherent demodulation based on optical heterodyne in close vicinity is reported in this paper. In the proposed experimental setup, two optical waves at different wavelengths are mixed and applied to a photodetector. Then a beat signal with a frequency equivalent to the spacing of the two wavelengths is obtained at the output of the photodetector. This signal corresponds to a microwave signal located at 1.25 GHz, which it is used as a microwave carrier in the transmitter and as a local oscillator in the receiver of our optical communication system. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated transmitting a TV signal of 66-72MHz.
The senX3–regX3 two-component regulatory system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for virulence (2003)

Two-component regulatory systems have been widely implicated in bacterial virulence. To investigate the role of one such system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a strain was constructed in which the senX3-regX3 system was deleted by homologous recombination. The mutant strain (Tame15) showed a growth defect after infection of macrophages and was attenuated in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice. Competitive hybridization of total RNA from the wild-type and mutant strains to a whole-genome microarray was used to identify changes in gene expression resulting from the deletion. One operon was highly up-regulated in the mutant, indicating that regX3 probably has a role as a repressor of this operon. Other genes which were up- or down-regulated were also identified. Many of the genes showing down-regulation are involved in normal growth of the bacterium, indicating that the mutant strain is subject to some type of growth slow-down or stress. Genes showing differential expression were further grouped according to their pattern of gene expression under other stress conditions. From this analysis 50 genes were identified which are the most likely to be controlled by RegX3. Most of these genes are of unknown function and no obvious motifs were found upstream of the genes identified. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the senX3-regX3 two-component system is involved in the virulence of M. tuberculosis and a number of genes controlled by this system have been identified.
Hepatitis D viremia following orthotopic liver transplantation involves a typical HDV virion with a hepatitis B surface antigen envelope (1998)

Patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) because of type D hepatitis frequently exhibit what appears to be an autonomous, or "isolated," hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection following the transplantation, with no evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the graft or in the serum. These observations have led to the hypothesis that HBV might not always be required for HDV infection, or that HDV could exist as a latent infection until rescued by HBV. Alternatively, an apparently autonomous HDV infection could be explained by coinfection of a small number of hepatocytes with both viruses following transplantation, with a very low level of HBV expression that supports low-level HDV propagation. Our results are consistent with the latter hypothesis. Sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of HBV and HDV viremia in transplantation patients with HDV infection previously characterized as isolated showed that HDV viremia was not independent of HBV viremia. Additional analyses, including PCR amplification, buoyant density analysis in a CsCl gradient, and immunoprecipitation with monoclonal hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs), indicated that the posttransplant HDV particle is typical: it contains full-length HDV RNA and an envelope of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and is not different from that found during the acute and chronic stages of HDV superinfection or coinfection. Moreover, an experimental test of the first hypothesis in chimpanzees did not support the idea that HDV can persist for several weeks as an isolated, latent infection that can be rescued subsequently by HBV. The data indicate, therefore, that latent HDV infection is not a factor in OLT recipients. We conclude that the HDV virion in the posttransplantation setting is typical, and that HDV viremia following OLT requires the helper function of HBV infection.
Simulation of the nonequilibrium chemical decomposition of carbon dioxide in the presence of sulfur in a plasma (1986)

The authors carry out a model calculation of the kinetics of the decomposition of carbon dioxide in the presence of sulfur in a moderate-pressure nonequilibrium discharge. The process is stimulated by the vibrational excitation of CO/sub 2/. Kinetic curves and the time variation of the vibrational and translational temperatures are calculated. The dependence of the energy efficiency on the specific energy input has been obtained. The optimal energy input is 4 J/cm/sup 3/. The minimal energy comsumption per CO molecule is 2.7-3.5 eV. The results of the calculations are consistent with the experimental results in the case of a nonequilibrium UHF discharge. The mechanism of the process, which accounts for the results, particularly the higher efficiency of the process in comparison to the dissociation of pure CO/sub 2/, has been ascertained.
Dynamic Resource Allocation for MIMO Cognitive Networks With Low Control Traffic and Low Computational Complexity (2012)

Radio spectrum scarcity hampers the development of new wireless technologies and services. Cognitive radios have been proposed to enable unlicensed (or secondary) users to borrow locally idle bands of the spectrum provided that no significant interference is created for the licensed (or primary) users. Fast adaptation to the changing spectrum availability is naturally a major requirement in such systems. This adaptation consists of detecting the spectrum occupied by the primary users, computing a new resource allocation for the secondary network, and communicating this allocation through the network. In that context, we develop a resource allocation scheme for multi-input-multi-output wireless mesh networks. The proposed algorithm combines low computational complexity and light control traffic thanks to a combination of relevant approximations in the general nonpolynomial-hard allocation problem. The allocation consists of two steps. First, a centralized carrier allocation is performed at a coordinator node based on partial knowledge of the network parameters. Then, each node locally computes its power allocation through simple water-filling algorithms. Numerical results show that compared to state-of-the-art techniques, 10% of the total throughput of the network is sacrificed to reduce the computation time and the control traffic by two orders of magnitude.
Incorporation of an Aldehyde Function in Oligonucleotides (2001)

A nucleotide-like phosphoramidite building block that has the nucleic base replaced by the tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected styrene glycol was synthesized. After the automatic synthesis of an oligonucleotide incorporating this synthon, the benzaldehyde function was generated by fluoride deprotection and oxidation by sodium periodate. In a similar manner, an oligonucleotide where a nucleic base was replaced by the (CH2)8CHO chain was synthesized and conjugated with biotin derivatives.
HEPATIC RENIN EXTRACTION IN HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER (1972)

Studies in dogs, rats and man have suggested that the liver is a major if not the only site of renin extraction. In liver cirrhosis the hepatic enzyme extraction (HE) was found to be decreased, and in the majority of patients a significantly higher plasma renin activity in the hepatic venous blood was reported by one group (Barnardo et al.) (1).
PACEMAKER PROPERTIES OF TUNICATE HEART CELLS (1968)

1. The primary pacemakers in the tunicate heart are located near the cardiovascular junctions close to the raphe that connects the V-shaped heart to the pericardium. However, small isolated pieces of the ring of myocardial cells at the ends of the heart were found to have nearly equal pacemaker capabilities. Arrhythmia in one primary pacemaker region was found to result from activity of two or more centers. 2. Following isolation of a small piece of tissue in sea water, 20-50% of the cells were observed to pulsate and usually within a few minutes all cells contracted synchronously. Reversals in the direction of conduction in strips of myocardium without any primary pacemaker region were observed. 3. The C center located in the middle of the heart was found to be dormant during normal heart activity but in opened animals it was activated by increasing the blood pressure.
Estimation of high-density activation maps during atrial fibrillation (2015)

The study of activation maps using multi-electrode arrays (MEA) can help to understand atrial fibrillation (AF) mechanisms. Activation mapping based on recorded unipolar electrograms (u-EGM) rely on the local activation time (LAT) detector, which has a limited robustness, accuracy, and generally requires manual post-edition. In general, LAT detection ignores spatiotemporal information about activation and conduction conveyed by the relation between signals of the MEA sensor. This work proposes an approach to construct activation maps by simultaneous analysis of u-EGMs from small clusters of MEA electrodes. The algorithm iteratively fits an activation pattern model to the acquired data. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing with audited maps created by expert electrophysiologists from a patient undergoing open-chest surgery during AF. The estimation error was -0.29 ± 6.01 ms (236 maps, 28369 LATs) with high correlation (ρ = 0.93). Therefore, activation maps can be decomposed into local activation patterns derived from fitting an activation model, resulting in smooth and comprehensive high-density activation maps.