gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Himar1 -Based Transposon Mutagenesis of Francisella tularensis (2006)

Francisella tularensis is the intracellular pathogen that causes human tularemia. It is recognized as a potential agent of bioterrorism due to its low infectious dose and multiple routes of entry. We report the development of a Himar1-based random mutagenesis system for F. tularensis (HimarFT). In vivo mutagenesis of F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) with HimarFT occurs at high efficiency. Approximately 12 to 15% of cells transformed with the delivery plasmid result in transposon insertion into the genome. Results from Southern blot analysis of 33 random isolates suggest that single insertions occurred, accompanied by the loss of the plasmid vehicle in most cases. Nucleotide sequence analysis of rescued genomic DNA with HimarFT indicates that the orientation of integration was unbiased and that insertions occurred in open reading frames and intergenic and repetitive regions of the chromosome. To determine the utility of the system, transposon mutagenesis was performed, followed by a screen for growth on Chamberlain's chemically defined medium (CDM) to isolate auxotrophic mutants. Several mutants were isolated that grew on complex but not on the CDM. We genetically complemented two of the mutants for growth on CDM with a newly constructed plasmid containing a nourseothricin resistance marker. In addition, uracil or aromatic amino acid supplementation of CDM supported growth of isolates with insertions in pyrD, carA, or aroE1 supporting the functional assignment of genes within each biosynthetic pathway. A mutant containing an insertion in aroE1 demonstrated delayed replication in macrophages and was restored to the parental growth phenotype when provided with the appropriate plasmid in trans. Our results suggest that a comprehensive library of mutants can be generated in F. tularensis LVS, providing an additional genetic tool to identify virulence determinants required for survival within the host.
Determinación del grosor y uniformidad del epitelio corneal (1999)

Objetivo: Cuantificar el grosor del epitelio corneal en los 6 mm centrales de pacientes miopes. Material y metodo: Se estudian 73 pacientes (146 ojos), sometidos a PRK mediante laser Excimer Visx 20/20 para tratar su miopia. Realizamos una ablacion epitelial con laser controlando el momento en que se llegaba a la membrana de Bowman. Sabiamos que habiamos alcanzado la Bowman porque el reflejo de la luz ultravioleta reflejada por el epitelio se convertia en negruzco al llegar al estroma corneal. En este instante practicabamos una desepitelizacion manual de los restos epiteliales. El grosor y area de la primera desepitelizacion fueron tabulados. Comparamos el grosor epitelial estimado (T-Student) con la paquimetria, test de Schirmer, sexo, edad y equivalente esferico. En otro grupo de 20 ojos retratados con PRK, estimamos tambien el grosor epitelial Resultados: El grosor epitelial promedio es de 38,10±4,30 micras en la zona mas delgada del epitelio. La desepitelizacion se produce en un 70% de los casos en los meridianos entre las 10 y las 2 horas La zona inferior presenta un grosor entre 4 y 15 micras mas. En pacientes reintervenidos la zona central es la de mayor grosor (entre 5 y 20 micras mas que la superior). Conclusiones: El epitelio corneal no es uniforme en los 6 mm centrales, siendo mas delgado en la zona superior.
[A challenge for revealing common molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders]. (2002)

Many neuodegenerative disorders manifest disease-specific phenotypes, and thus it was thought impossible to deduce a common molecular mechanism underlying many, if not all, neurodegenerative disorders. However, protein aggregates and vacuoles are almost universally found in degenerating neurons, suggesting the existence of similar molecular processes in neuronal cell death. In 1994, we identified the gene responsible for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). Not only MJD but also another 8 inherited neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease are caused by the expansion of CAG repeats encoding polyglutamines. Indeed, we have shown that polyglutamines have the ability to self-aggregate and induce neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death, leading to a proposal of 'polyglutamine disease'. Furthermore, we have identified ter94/VCP, a member of the AAAAT-Pase, as a key molecule in neurodegeneration. VCP co-localizes not only with polyglutamine aggregates but also other protein aggregates and Lewy bodies. Moreover, profound deficits in its ATPase activity are found to severely affect ER quality control, leading to abnormal ER expansion and cell death. These lines of evidence indicate that VCP functions not only as a common sensor for abnormal protein accumulations but also as a mediator of neurodegenerative phenotypes; excessive accumulation of abnormal proteins may inactivate VCP's ATPase in several neurodegenerative disorders, eventually leading to the neurodegenerations. A proper regulation of VCP function is thus proposed to lead to novel treatments that are effective in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases.
Toxicological Evaluation and Disposition of DV-7751a, a New Quinolone Antimicrobial Agent, Administered Orally to Dogs and Monkeys (1997)

We examined the toxic potentials and disposition of DV-7751a administered repeatedly to immature beagle dogs and mature cynomolgus monkeys. In immature dogs (n = 3) orally given DV-7751a at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg for 8 days, arthropathy in the femur of a dog receiving 15 mg/kg was observed at termination, but not at the lower doses. Serum concentrations at 2-6 h after the 7-day treatment were 0.8-1.5, 1.2-2.1 and 1.0-2.9 micrograms/ml at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. In mature monkeys (n = 3) treated orally with DV-7751a at 100 mg/kg for 14 days, no toxic effects were found except for mild diarrhea throughout the experiment. Serum concentrations at 2 to 4 h after the final treatment were 8.3 to 11.4 micrograms/ml. In both species, there were no significant differences in the serum drug concentration between the first and last (repeated) administration, indicating no drug accumulation. In monkeys, hydrolysis of the urine sample showed no effect on the concentration of DV-7751a, whereas that of the bile sample displayed a significant increase in its concentration, demonstrating that conjugated forms may be secreted into bile. This was confirmed by a thin-layer chromatogram-bioautogram, and at least two kinds of active metabolites including a polar substance seemed to exist in bile. These results raise the possibility that DV-7751a possesses joint toxicity, but dose not show any effect on the hepatic function under conditions of this study.
Border detection in dermoscopy images using statistical region merging (2008)

The results demonstrate that the method presented here achieves both fast and accurate border detection in dermoscopy images.
Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders (2005)

The remarkable achievements in human genetics over the years have been due to technological advances in gene mapping and in statistical methods that relate genetic variants to disease. Nearly every Mendelian genetic disorder has now been mapped to a specific gene or set of genes, but these discoveries have been limited to high-risk, variant alleles that segregate in rare families. With a working draft of the human genome now in hand, the availability of high-throughput genotyping, a plethora of genetic markers, and the development of new analytical methods, scientists are now turning their attention to common complex disorders such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and Alzheimer disease. In this issue, the JCI provides readers with a series dedicated to complex genetic disorders, offering a view of genetic medicine in the 21st century.
Field enhancement on knife-edge cathodes (2008)

We extend the analysis of single rectangular-ridge field enhancement to the case of a double ridge.
OR25-05 Increased Overall Mortality and Cardiovascular Morbidity in Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas and Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: Results of the ENS@T NAPACA-Outcome Study (2020)

Abstract Objective. Several smaller studies on adrenal incidentalomas (AI) suggested an association between autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) and mortality (Di Dalmazi Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014, Debono J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014, Patrova Endocrine 2017). However, a recent meta-analysis (9 studies, 1356 patients) could not confirm these findings (Elhassan Ann Intern Med 2019). Aim. To investigate the effects of ACS on mortality, prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and (CV) morbidity, in a representative cohort of AI. Design. Retrospective observational study conducted at 27 ENS@T centers from 15 countries. Methods. Inclusion criteria: AI diagnosed 1996-2015, 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, follow-up (FU) of ≥36 months, known survival status. Exclusion criteria: clinically relevant adrenal hormone excess (i.e. Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism), known malignancy. Patient stratification: serum cortisol after dexamethasone (&amp;gt;5 µg/dl, ACS; 1.9-5 µg/dl, possible ACS (PACS); ≤1.8 µg/dl, non-functioning adenoma (NFA)). Definition of CV events (CVE): hospitalization due to myocardial infarction and related interventions (PTCA, surgical bypass), stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism. Results. 3640 patients (57% NFA, 36% PACS, 7% ACS) were considered eligible: 64% females; median age 61 years (range 18-91); median FU 84 months (36-277) (distribution between subgroups n.s.). 352 patients died during FU. Age- and sex adjusted overall survival was significantly reduced in patients with PACS (HR 1.55; 95%CI 1.24-1.94) and ACS (1.84; 1.29-2.61). Prevalence of CV risk factors were significantly higher in PACS and ACS than in NFA (hypertension: 72, 73, 57%, p&amp;lt;0.0001; dyslipidemia: 42, 49, 35%, p&amp;lt;0.0001; diabetes: 22, 25, 17%, p&amp;lt;0.0001) When adjusted to relevant confounders (i.e. age, sex, CV risk factors), time to first CVE was shorter in PACS (HR 1.36; 1.07-1.73) and ACS (HR 1.62; 1.10-2.40) compared to NFA. Conclusion. PACS and ACS are associated with increased overall mortality and CV morbidity. However, to prove causality a large randomized intervention trial is required.
Structural variant of the intergenic internal ribosome entry site elements in dicistroviruses and computational search for their counterparts (2004)

The intergenic region (IGR) located upstream of the capsid protein gene in dicistroviruses contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Translation initiation mediated by the IRES does not require initiator methionine tRNA. Comparison of the IGRs among dicistroviruses suggested that Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and acute bee paralysis virus have an extra side stem loop in the predicted IRES. We examined whether the side stem is responsible for translation activity mediated by the IGR using constructs with compensatory mutations. In vitro translation analysis showed that TSV has an IGR-IRES that is structurally distinct from those previously described. Because IGR-IRES elements determine the translation initiation site by virtue of their own tertiary structure formation, the discovery of this initiation mechanism suggests the possibility that eukaryotic mRNAs might have more extensive coding regions than previously predicted. To test this hypothesis, we searched full-length cDNA databases and whole genome sequences of eukaryotes using the pattern matching program, Scan For Matches, with parameters that can extract sequences containing secondary structure elements resembling those of IGR-IRES. Our search yielded several sequences, but their predicted secondary structures were suggested to be unstable in comparison to those of dicistroviruses. These results suggest that RNAs structurally similar to dicistroviruses are not common. If some eukaryotic mRNAs are translated independently of an initiator methionine tRNA, their structures are likely to be significantly distinct from those of dicistroviruses.
Adult nutrition, but not inbreeding, affects male primary sexual traits in the leaf‐footed cactus bug Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae) (2016)

Adverse conditions may be the norm rather than the exception in natural populations. Many populations experience poor nutrition on a seasonal basis. Further, brief interludes of inbreeding can be common as population density fluctuates and because of habitat fragmentation. Here, we investigated the effects of poor nutrition and inbreeding on traits that can be very important to reproductive success and fitness in males: testes mass, sperm concentration, and sperm viability. Our study species was Narnia femorata, a species introduced to north-central Florida in the 1950s. This species encounters regular, seasonal changes in diet that can have profound phenotypic effects on morphology and behavior. We generated inbred and outbred individuals through a single generation of full-sibling mating or outcrossing, respectively. All juveniles were provided a natural, high-quality diet of Opuntia humifusa cactus cladode with fruit until they reached adulthood. New adult males were put on a high- or low-quality diet for at least 21 days before measurements were taken. As expected, the low-quality diet led to significantly decreased testes mass in both inbred and outbred males, although there were surprisingly no detectable effects on sperm traits. We did not find evidence that inbreeding affected testes mass, sperm concentration, and sperm viability. Our results highlight the immediate and overwhelming effects of nutrition on testes mass, while suggesting that a single generation of inbreeding might not be detrimental for primary sexual traits in this particular population.
Review: Virus, by Wolfhard Weidel (1960)

Book Review| January 01 1960 Review: Virus, by Wolfhard Weidel VirusWolfhard Weidel P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1960) 22 (1): 49. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439241 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: Virus, by Wolfhard Weidel. The American Biology Teacher 1 January 1960; 22 (1): 49. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439241 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Tensile strength of restorative resins (1980)

The purpose of the present work was to measure the tensile strength of restorative resins and to study the effect of the method of measurement on the recorded results. A direct pull method using dumb-bell shaped specimens was used. The tensile strength of the resins was also tested using the diametral compression method suggested by the A.D.A. It was found that the method of testing affects the results. Although the diametral compression method is a simple method, it cannot be considered reliable for all types of material. The tensile strength of the conventional composites was significantly higher than the tensile strength of the microfilled composites.
Trop-2 Protein wird bei Speicheldrüsenmalignomen stark exprimiert und stellt ein therapeutisches target dar (2021)

Zielsetzungen Die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für inoperable, rezidivierende oder metastasierende Speicheldrüsenkarzinome sind begrenzt. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) spielt eine Rolle bei der Karzinogenese und dient als target für das neuartige sacituzumab govitecan bei verschiedener Tumorentitäten. Zur Behandlung des metastasierenden dreifach-negativen Brustkrebs ist das Antikörper-Wirkstoffkonjugat in den USA bereits zugelassen. Das Ziel der aktuellen Studie ist die Rolle von Trop-2 bei Speicheldrüsenkarzinomen zu untersuchen.
High Intensity UV exposure effects on the waveguiding properties in a photosensitive ion-exchangeable glass (1999)

In this paper we present a characterization of high intensity UV laser beam exposure effects on the waveguiding properties in a new germanium doped ion-exchangeable photosensitive glass.
Salivary antimicrobial proteins and stress biomarkers are elevated during a 6-month mission to the International Space Station (2019)

As the international space community plans for manned missions to Mars, spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation has been identified as a potential risk to the health and safety of the flight crew. There is a need to determine whether salivary antimicrobial proteins, which act as a first line of innate immune defense against multiple pathogens, are altered in response to long-duration (>6 mo) missions. We collected 7 consecutive days of whole and sublingual saliva samples from eight International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers and seven ground-based control subjects at nine mission time points, ~180 and ~60 days before launch (L-180/L-60), on orbit at flight days ~10 and ~90 (FD10/FD90) and ~1 day before return (R-1), and at R+0, R+18, R+33, and R+66 days after returning to Earth. We found that salivary secretory (s)IgA, lysozyme, LL-37, and the cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone ratio were elevated in the ISS crew before (L-180) and during (FD10/FD90) the mission. "Rookie" crewmembers embarking on their first spaceflight mission had lower levels of salivary sIgA but increased levels of α-amylase, lysozyme, and LL-37 during and after the mission compared with the "veteran" crew who had previously flown. Latent herpesvirus reactivation was distinct to the ~6-mo mission crewmembers who performed extravehicular activity ("spacewalks"). Crewmembers who shed at least one latent virus had higher cortisol levels than those who did not shed. We conclude that long-duration spaceflight alters the concentration and/or secretion of several antimicrobial proteins in saliva, some of which are related to crewmember flight experience, biomarkers of stress, and latent viral reactivation.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Spaceflight-associated immune dysregulation may jeopardize future exploration-class missions. Salivary antimicrobial proteins act as a first line of innate immune defense. We report here that several of these proteins are elevated in astronauts during an International Space Station mission, particularly in those embarking on their first space voyage. Astronauts who shed a latent herpesvirus also had higher concentrations of salivary cortisol compared with those who did not shed. Stress-relieving countermeasures are needed to preserve immunity and prevent viral reactivation during prolonged voyages into deep space.
Effects of kinetic and transport parameters on accelerated migration of reactive additive from plastic sheet (1993)

Abstract The effects of kinetic parameters Hatta number Ha and ϕ, and transport parameters Biot number Bi and ψ on the migration of a reactive additive have been modeled. The convective boundary layer can be considered inert to fully reactive for Ha → 0 to 2, respectively. The migration is controlled by diffusion, reaction rate, equilibrium partitioning of the migrant between the plastic film and the solvent, and boundary layer resistance, depending on the time scale and values of the above parameters. For a nonreactive boundary layer, at high Bi, migration is initially diffusion‐controlled but becomes reaction‐rate controlled at later times. However, under similar conditions, a slight increase in the reactivity of the boundary layer immediately changes the transport process from diffusion‐controlled to reaction rate‐controlled. With further increase in reactivity, migration spontaneously reaches equilibrium. At low Bi, equilibrium partitioning and reactive depletion of the migrant in the fluid phase change predominantly to boundary layer‐controlling mass transport phenomenon. For a given sampling time (τ = 1.0), the migration increases with the increase in Bi only for a reactive boundary layer. At low Bi and (τ = 1.0), migration decreases only up to ϕ ≅ 0.3 for nonreactive to partially reactive boundary layer, but for intermediate and high Bi, ϕ and Ha do not influence migration.
Development of edgeless TSV X-ray detectors (2016)

We report about the activity and progress on the development of TSV edgeless detectors at DESY. One part of the development is Through Silicon Via (TSV) technology for the Medipix3RX readout chip (ROC). TSV technology is a concept of connecting readout chips to readout electronics. Instead of wire-bonding which introduces a large dead area, TSV enables connection through the ROC itself. By replacing wire-bonding with TSV, the dead space between detector modules will be reduced from around 7 mm to only 1.6 mm. The thickness of the wafer will be 200 m, with a via diameter of 60 m. Inside of the via, a 5 m thick copper layer will be used as a conducting layer. On the back side of the chip a Redistribution Layer (RDL) will be deposited. For the RDL structure, 5 m thick copper with 40 m wide conductive lines will be used. Bump bonding of the sensor plus ROC assembly to ceramic readout board will be optimized in terms of material and bonding temperature. The second part of the project is the development of the edgeless sensor units using active edge sensor technology. Active edge sensors have been simulated with Synopsys TCAD for different polarities including p-on-n, p-on-p, n-on-p and n-on-n with p-spray or p-stop for different thicknesses from 150 m to 500 m. Results show that the bending of the electric field close to the active edge is leading to image distortion on the sensor edge. In addition, the current design of active-edge sensors shows very poor radiation hardness. We are currently working on the development of a radiation hard active-edge sensor with optimized imaging quality. The final goal of this development is to make Large Area Medipix Detector (LAMBDA) with TSV edgeless units.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS TO THE EFFICIENCY OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS (2018)

Purpose. Determination of the reserves of the main equipment in terms of the systemic role of hydroelectric power stations.Methodology. Complex poliobjecting approach to the analysis and determination of operating constituents of generation and basic energy equipment.Findings. The urgency and the basis of the system requirements for the efficiency of the power equipment of hydroelectric power stations, which allows ensuring the formation of the necessary functional level of the generation process is proposed. The features of the main components of the transformation technology and their interaction are considered. Reflects the influence of the components of the end-to-end path of the generation process. Characteristics of the conversion efficiency in the mobility conditions are obtained. The main possibilities and ways of organizing an effective energy exchange of a hydro generator are shown. The ways of increasing the operating efficiency of the existing equipment of hydroelectric power stations are proposed.Originality. The multi-subject requirements of the system approach is proposed for determining equipment reserves and increasing generation efficiency, which makes it possible to determine the dynamic generation components and performance criteria.Practical value. The system requirements for studying the end-to-end path of energy transformations and increasing the efficiency of generating of basic equipment of the hydroelectric power stations and its systemic role are determined.