gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Antioxidant Diet Supplementation Protect against Age‐related Mitochondrial Damage? (2002)

Harman's free radical theory of aging and our electron-microscopic finding of an age-related mitochondrial degeneration in the somatic tissues of the insect Drosophila melanogaster as well as in the fixed postmitotic Leydig and Sertoli cells of the mouse testis led us to propose a mitochondrial theory of aging, according to which metazoan senescence may be linked to oxygen stress-injury to the genome and membranes of the mitochondria of somatic differentiated cells. These concepts attract a great deal of attention, since, according to recent work, the mitochondrial damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and concomitant decline in ATP synthesis seem to play a key role not only in aging, but also in the fundamental cellular process of apoptosis. Although diet supplementation with antioxidants has not been able to increase consistently the species-characteristic maximum life span, it results in significant extension of the mean life span of laboratory animals. Moreover, diets containing high levels of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E seem able to reduce the risk of suffering age-related immune dysfunctions and arteriosclerosis. Presently, the focus of age-related antioxidant research is on compounds, such as deprenyl, coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and the glutathione-precursors thioproline and N-acetylcysteine, which may be able to neutralize the ROS at their sites of production in the mitochondria. Diet supplementation with these antioxidants may protect the mitochondria against respiration-linked oxygen stress, with preservation of the genomic and structural integrity of these energy-producing organelles and concomitant increase in functional life span.
PENICILLINS FROM 3, 3-DISUBSTITUTED 2-ARYLACRYLIC ACIDS (1971)

The syntheses and antibacterial activities of various sterically hindered penicillins from 2-aryl-3-methylcrotonic acids (la), 2-aryl-3-azidomethylisocrotonic acid (1b) and 2-aryl-3-aminomethylisocrotonic acids (lc) are reported. Although the penicillins la and lb show good activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, they are only effective against penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus at small inocula. The aminopenicillins lc exhibit broad-spectrum activity and are not appreciably serum-bound. The presence of the amino group has resulted in increased penicillinase resistance and a 4-50 fold increase in Gram-negative activity.
A Blueprint for a Human Epigenome Project: The AACR Human Epigenome Workshop (2005)

Epigenetic processes control the packaging and function of the human genome and contribute to normal and pathologic states, including cancer. The time is ripe to undertake an international effort to identify all the chemical changes and relationships between chromatin constituents that provide function to the genetic code. A timely workshop of leading experts, convened by the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), confirmed that the technology is at hand to begin defining human epigenomes at high resolution.
Image Encryption Using Josephus Problem and Filtering Diffusion (2019)

Image encryption is an efficient visual technology to protect private images. This paper develops an image encryption algorithm utilizing the principles of the Josephus problem and the filtering technology. The encryption algorithm follows the classical diffusion and confusion structure. The principle of Josephus problem is used to shuffle the image pixels to different positions to achieve the confusion property. Using a randomly generated filter, the filtering technology can spread slight changes of the original image to all pixels of the cipher image to obtain diffusion property. The simulation results show that the developed image encryption algorithm is able to encrypt different kinds of images into cipher images with uniform distribution. The security analysis demonstrates that it has an extremely sensitive secret key, can resist various security attacks, and has a better performance than several advanced image encryption algorithms.
Diseño y análisis modal de una máquina despepitadora de jamaica (2010)

Se analizó que debido a la demanda de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) y a la necesidad de obtener en mayor proporción el producto agrícola, fue necesario proyectar equipos que ayuden a hacer más eficiente el proceso de corte de la flor de jamaica. En la actualidad los métodos tradicionales para el corte de flor de jamaica, que se practican por agricultores de la región, han sido desarrollados e implementados por ellos mismos por lo que en el trabajo se identificó la problemática del proceso del corte y se propuso una solución al mostrar los pasos que fueron necesarios para obtener una máquina que agilizara el proceso de corte, concluyendo así con el diseño de la "máquina despepitadora de jamaica".
P14.60 FET PET response upon radiochemotherapy followed by Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in a patient with progressive high-grade glioma (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND The addition of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) to the first-line therapy in glioblastoma (GBM) demonstrated significantly improved progression free survival, overall survival and longterm survival rates in the EF-14 phase 3 trial. However, responder analysis of patients with recurrent GBM (rGBM) treated with TTFields monotherapy (in the EF-11 trial) revealed delayed response monitored by MRI analysis. More recent data suggests that O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET may add valuable information for monitoring therapy response of glioblastoma patients treated with TTFields. Here, we report on FET PET response in a patient with progressive anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III (AA) treated with TTFields in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. METHODS We present a 38-year old patient with an initial diagnosis of a diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II in 2011, and malignisation to an AA on progression. The treatment regimen included initially radio-chemotherapy (RCT) with TMZ. On further progression of the AA in 2017, TTFields were added to another 6 cycles of TMZ. Several FET PET scans for differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes were performed over time. The definitive diagnosis (tumor progression and grading) was confirmed by histopathology after stereotactic biopsy (SB). RESULTS In 2012, the patient was first diagnosed with a low grade astrocytoma WHO grade II of the right frontal, temporal and parietal lobe including infiltration of thalamus and corpus was confirmed by SB, followed by irradiation. On progression in 2015, a FET PET Scan showed FET avidity in all tumor affected regions of the brain. SB confirmed an AA, while FET PET scans showed only a mild response in the temporoparietal region after 6 cycles of TMZ. In 2017, the next progression without further malignisation was confirmed by SB and treated RCT with 41.4 Gy and TMZ chemotherapy, followed by application of TTFields with an average usage rate of 85.7 % over 6 months. Thus, the TTFields adherence was well above the independent prognostic threshold of 75 %. No additional adverse events due to the combined therapy of TTFields and TMZ were observed. Due to a new contrast enhancing lesion in the right frontal lobe (10x7mm), another FET PET scan was performed 1.5 years later. In this scan, obtained after combined TTFields and RCT therapy a strong response regarding FET avidity was observed. CONCLUSION In summary, FET PET is able to add important additional information for evaluation of treatment response in high grade glioma patients, in particular for TTFields treated patients, while adding TTFields to radiochemotherapy might even enhance treatment response of high grade glioma. Further studies might elucidate the role of FET PET imaging for therapy monitoring in high grade glioma patients treated with TTFields.
Kidney Transplantation in Clinical Medical Centre Rijeka (1990)

Od 30.1.1971. do 31.1. 1989. izvrsili smo 427 transplantacija bubrega, od toga 265 sa živog davaoca i 162 s umrle osobe. Pri transplantaciji sa živog davaoca 95% bolesnika preživljuje jednu i 92% dvije godine, a transplantat 78% jednu i 71% dvije godine. Pri transplantaciji s umrle osobe 80% bolesnika preživljuje jednu a 74% dvije godine, a transplantat 62% jednu i 54% dvije godine. Uvođenjem ciklosporina povecanbo je preživljenje transplantata i bolesnika.
Differential Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Nutritive and Nonnutritive Blood Flow in Anaesthetized Rabbits (1989)

Summary: Arteriovenous (AV) shunt vessels connect arterioles directly to the venous side. These vessels play a role in thermoregulation and in the pathophysiology of migraine. Tracer microspheres are excellent tools to study drug effects on AV anastomoses. Microspheres with a diameter of 15 μm are unable to pass through capillary vessels, but they readily cross AV shunt vessels and are transported to the lungs and trapped there. We investigated the effects of antihypertensive agents on AV shunt flow in anaesthetized rabbits and we also measured nutritional blood flow in the ear, an organ known to have both nutritional and AV shunt vessels. Nitroprusside sodium tended to increase and prazosin strongly increased AV shunt flow. The calcium antagonist isradipine, by contrast, decreased AV shunt flow even though it is also a vasodilator. Spirapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, elicited similar effects. The centrally acting antihypertensive agent guanfacine strongly decreased AV shunt flow. These effects did not correlate with the drug effects on nutritional blood flow, which were, however, so variable that none of them reached statistical significance. The following trends were seen: nitroprusside sodium, isradipine, and guanfacine increased nutritional blood flow, but prazosin, a dilator of AV shunts, did not. The amount of blood crossing through AV shunts from the arterial to the venous side is considerable (up to 15% of cardiac output before drugs). A drug-induced increase is not associated with an apparent benefit but causes a hyperdynamic circulation that might contribute to the hemodynamic load of the heart.
ColStream: Collaborative streaming of on-demand videos for mobile devices (2014)

The number of mobile users of on demand video is growing rapidly. However, bandwidth fluctuation in the 3G/LTE technologies is an obstacle in providing high quality smooth video playout for users on the go. In this paper, we present ColStream that can aggregate bandwidth from ubiquitous devices to ensure high quality video streaming with minimal stalling time. ColStream dynamically adjusts the set of collaborators and the size of video chunks that the collaborators need to pre-fetch ahead of the video chunks playout time to provide smooth video playout. ColStream uses a multi-objective optimisation method to maximise bandwidth and minimise cost. ColStream requires neither external servers nor proxies to provide its functionality. The paper describes the ColStream functionality, architecture, applied algorithms, ColStream prototype, and evaluation of its suitability for effective video streaming in mobile environments.
Hepatic Surgery: A Review of a Personal Series of 95 Major Resections (1972)

This article briefly reveals the author's experience of 95 major hepatic resections performed for various conditions during a seven‐year period. The necessity for better understanding of intrahepatic anatomy of the liver, especially of the hepatic venous anomalies, and the use of more recent diagnostic aids, is stressed. The author's indications and the types of resection performed are described in detail. Some of the views expressed are in direct opposition to the traditional methods of treatment of some hepatic lesions. The low mortality of 12.6% in this series has been attributed to proper selection of patients for resection, and advancement in anæsthesia and surgical technique, including better preoperative and postoperative care.
1,1‐Divinylallene (2011)

Dreifacher Erfolg: Das Titelmolekül, das von allen Molekülen mit die höchste Dichte an π-Bindungen aufweist, wurde erstmals synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Dieser hoch reaktive Kohlenwasserstoff geht eine Dien-transmissive, dreifache Diels-Alder-Cycloadditionssequenz ein, die in einem Schritt sechs neue C-C-Bindungen und den kondensierten tricyclischen Phenalenring liefert. Kontrollierte Einfachadditionen waren ebenfalls möglich.
Effect of protein binding on penetration of beta-lactams into rabbit peripheral lymph (1995)

The relevance of protein binding to penetration of beta-lactams into body fluids was investigated by examining the distribution of amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, clavulanic acid, temocillin, and ticarcillin into rabbit peripheral lymph after intravenous administration. The elimination half-lives in rabbit plasma varied between 0.34 h (temocillin) and 1.80 h (ceftriaxone), and the half-lives measured in lymph were similar to those in plasma (0.37 to 1.76 h). The percent penetration (area under the concentration-time curve in lymph/area under the concentration-time curve in plasma x 100) was high for amoxicillin (97.6%), temocillin (89.4%), and clavulanic acid (90.8%) but was lower for ticarcillin (76.0%) and for ceftriaxone (67.3%). There was a direct correlation between plasma protein binding and percent penetration. Correction for plasma and tissue binding increased the percent penetration for all compounds, and figures approached 100%. The results presented demonstrate the use of this model to examine the relationships between plasma pharmacokinetics, protein binding, and distribution of antibiotics.
Multimodal multiplex Raman spectroscopy optimized for in vivo chemometrics (2006)

We have designed and constructed a multimodal multiplex Raman spectrometer which uses multi-wavelength excitation to better detect signals in the presence of fluorescence by taking advantage of the shift-variance of the Raman signal with respect to excitation frequency. Coupled with partial-least-squares (PLS) regression, the technique applied to ethanol estimation in a tissue phantom achieves root-mean-squared-cross-validation errors (RMSCVE) of 9.2 mmol/L with a model formed with 2 principal components, compared to a single wavelength data set with equivalent energy where 7 principal components were used to achieve an RMSCVE of 39.1 mmol/L.
Enabling late-stage drug diversification by high-throughput experimentation with geometric deep learning (2022)

Late-stage functionalization (LSF) is an economical approach to optimize the properties of drug candidates. However, the chemical complexity of drug molecules often makes late-stage diversification challenging. To address this problem, an LSF platform based on geometric deep learning and high-throughput reaction screening was developed. Considering borylation as a critical step in LSF, the computational model predicted reaction yields for diverse reaction conditions with a mean absolute error margin of 4–5%, while the reactivity of novel reactions with known and unknown substrates were classified with a balanced accuracy of 92% and 67%, respectively. The regioselectivity of the major products was accurately captured in up to 90% of the cases studied. When applied to 23 diverse commercial drug molecules, the platform successfully identified numerous opportunities for structural diversification. The influence of steric and quantum mechanical information on model performance was quantified and a new comprehensive simple user-friendly reaction format (SURF) is introduced which proved to be a key enabler for seamlessly integrating deep learning and high-throughput experimentation (HTE) for LSF.
MPEG-4 AVC robust video watermarking based on QIM and perceptual masking (2010)

The present paper advances a new watermarking method featuring robustness against noise addition, transcoding and the StirMark (geometric) attacks. The mark is inserted into the MPEG-4 AVC quantisation indexes selected according to an energy-based selection criterion validated by information theory basic concepts. The insertion procedure combines the QIM principles and a perceptual mask obtained by adapting the popular Watson results. The video corpus consists of 7 video sequences (2 hours). The transparency is exhibited by both subjective and objective evaluations.
Analytical modeling of collisionless triple frequency capacitive sheath (2012)

A self-consistent model for collisionless capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) sheath driven by triple frequency (TF) RF source has been developed. This work established analytical expressions for sheath parameters based on the assumptions of time independent collisionless ion motion and inertialess electrons. The parameters calculated using the present model are compared with those calculated using a single frequency model and a dual frequency model for time independent collisionless case. The effects of frequency ratio on sheath potential and sheath width are also investigated.
Reactivation of demembranated, cytosol‐free ram spermatozoa (1993)

A procedure for preparing cytosol-free ram sperm models was developed. Sperm are introduced to a Triton X-100-containing demembranation medium layered on top of a discontinuous Percoll gradient. After brief exposure to the demembranating solution, the sperm are separated from the detergent-soluble components by centrifugation through a 55% Percoll layer, finally collecting on top of a 90% Percoll cushion from where they are recovered. Optimum conditions consisted of Triton X-100 at 0.20% and a demembranation time of 35 sec. Cross-sections of midpieces and principal pieces of the demembranated sperm were examined by electron microscopy. With 0.20% Triton X-100 in the demembranation medium, 86% of the cross-sections showed no plasma membranes and the rest had broken plasma membranes. The remaining tail structures appeared to be morphologically intact. Assay of phosphoglucose isomerase as a marker enzyme confirmed that at least 98% of the cytosolic protein was removed. Ram sperm models obtained by this procedure could be reactivated, and the percent motility and beat parameters were similar to those of the intact sperm. Reconstitution with the detergent-soluble components was neither required for, nor enhanced, reactivation. Therefore, demembranated ram sperm do not require a detergent-soluble protein factor for reactivation.
Curved diffractive optical element for uniform concentration at the thermodynamic limit at finite distance (2004)

A new type of diffractive optical instrument, the curved hologram, for which the spatial phase function and the hologram shape can be controlled independently, is investigated for finite distance concentration of diffuse (quasi-monochromatic) light. We show how a simple analytic design for given light source and target geometries yields spatially uniform concentrations of diffuse light at the thermodynamic limit of brightness conservation. Such diffractive elements may provide a useful alternative to reflective cavities for efficient and uniform side-pumping of solid-state lasers.
Restoring Quantum Communication Efficiency over High Loss Optical Fibers (2022)

In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibers longer than ≳20 km due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of 1/2. However, if the signals fed into the fiber are separated by a sufficiently short time interval, memory effects must be taken into account. In this Letter, we show that by properly accounting for these effects it is possible to devise schemes that enable unassisted quantum communication across arbitrarily long optical fibers at a fixed positive qubit transmission rate. We also demonstrate how to achieve entanglement-assisted communication over arbitrarily long distances at a rate of the same order of the maximum achievable in the unassisted noiseless case.
Reassembly of Immunoglobulin M Heavy and Light Chains In Vitro (1976)

Reduced and alkylated monoclonal IgM was fractionated into mu and light (L) chains by gel chromatography in 1N acetic acid. Equimolar mixtures of the chains formed a noncovalently bonded structure in 0.01M sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.1, that had the properties of a half subunit. The latter reassociated into a subunit-like structure after transfer into 0.08M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5. The similarity of the reconstituted IgM subunit (IgMs) to that of the native molecule was established by its physicochemical and immunochemical properties. Comparable products were obtained on reassembly of the alkylated mu and L chains from several other monoclonal IgM. The presence of active binding sites for IgG on subunits reconstituted from the chains of proteins with anti-IgG activity further indicated correct assembly of the mu and L chains. High yields of subunit-like products were also obtained by assembly of mu chains from one protein and L chains from another. Evidence was obtained that L chains of appropriate specificity can substitute for the homologous chain in the formation of the active site. Heterogeneous mixtures of high molecular weight products were generated from mu and L chains that were not alkylated. Reduction and alkylation demonstrated that the products represented polymers of reconstituted IgMs. Significant levels of anti-IgG activity were detected in the polymeric IgM generated from the chains of active proteins by precipitation with aggregated IgG.
Miz-1 promotes the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells via suppression of p21 and release of p21-arrested cyclin D1 (2016)

Tumorigenesis results from various types of dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and senescence. The transcription factor Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Miz-1) can either activate or repress gene expression in concert with binding partners including the Myc oncoprotein in several types of tumors. Known target genes of these complexes encode the cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors such as cdkn2b (p15) and cdkn1a (p21). In the present study, we showed that the silencing of Miz-1 expression, through shRNA in a lentiviral vector, influenced various biological processes in two types of esophageal carcinoma cell lines. Silencing of the expression of Miz-1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro. Loss of Miz-1 reduced the migration ability in esophageal carcinoma cells. High expression of p21 and downregulation of cyclin D1 accompanied the knockdown of Miz-1. Our data demonstrated that esophageal cancer has a cell cycle arrest pathway via Miz-1, p21 and cyclin D1.
The Efficiency of Glutamate Uptake Differs between Neonatal and Adult Cortical Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2014)

Glutamate transporters (excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs)) are essential for brain homeostasis. While previous studies indicate that the vascular endothelium contributes to glutamate efflux in the adult brain, little information is available regarding glutamate uptake in the immature brain. The present study shows a differential expression pattern of EAATs between cortical microvessels in adults and newborns. In addition, adult cortical endothelial cells take up glutamate more efficiently than neonatal cells. Our findings indicate age-specific changes in extracellular glutamate regulation by brain endothelial cells, suggesting differences in the efficiency of glutamate efflux during an excitotoxic process that, in turn, may contribute to age-specific brain vulnerability.
Ligandstruktur und Komplexierung, XXII. 2,6‐Bis(aminomethyl)pyridin als Komplexligand und neues Kronenethersynthon (1978)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Titelverbindung 1 ermöglicht die Synthese neuer Metallsalz‐Komplexe [mit CuCl 2 , Ni(BF 4 ) 2 , Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 ] sowie neuer cyclischer und nichtcyclischer Kronenether und Cryptanden, die außer Schwermetallion‐Komplexen auch solche mit Erdalkalimetallionen bilden. Die neuen offenkettigen Neutralliganden sind mit Donor‐wirksamen Endgruppen versehen; wegen der Beziehung zu biologischen Molekülen wurden vor allem Säureamidgruppierungen eingeführt.