gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cytokine-Driven Functional Differentiation of CD8 T Cells by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Controls Autoimmunity and Preserves Their Proliferative Capacity toward Foreign Antigens (2010)

We have previously shown that naive CD8 T cells exposed to IL-7 or IL-15 in the presence of IL-21 undergo Ag-independent proliferation with concomitant increase in TCR sensitivity. In this study, we examined whether CD8 T cells that accumulate in suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1)-deficient mice because of increased IL-15 signaling in vivo would respond to an autoantigen expressed at a very low level using a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. In this model, P14 TCR transgenic CD8 T cells (P14 cells) adoptively transferred to rat insulin promoter-glycoprotein (RIP-GP) mice, which express the cognate Ag in the islets, do not induce diabetes unless the donor cells are stimulated by exogenous Ag. Surprisingly, SOCS1-deficient P14 cells, which expanded robustly following IL-15 stimulation, proliferated poorly in response to Ag and failed to cause diabetes in RIP-GP mice. SOCS1-deficient CD8 T cells expressing a polyclonal TCR repertoire also showed defective expansion following in vivo Ag stimulation. Notwithstanding the Ag-specific proliferation defect, SOCS1-null P14 cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytolytic activity upon Ag stimulation, suggesting that SOCS1-null CD8 T cells underwent cytokine-driven functional differentiation that selectively compromised their proliferative response to Ag but not to cytokines. Cytokine-driven homeostatic expansion in lymphopenic RIP-GP mice allowed SOCS1-null, but not wild-type, P14 cells to exert their pathogenic potential even without Ag stimulation. These findings suggest that by attenuating cytokine-driven proliferation and functional differentiation, SOCS1 not only controls the pathogenicity of autoreactive cells but also preserves the ability of CD8 T cells to proliferate in response to Ags.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Evaluation of the Cryolesion After Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation: An Initial Report (2012)

This pilot study shows that CEUS is a safe imaging technique with high concordance of enhancement score between CEUS and CECT/MRI. While cross-sectional imaging seems sensible to demonstrate successful ablation at first follow-up, CEUS might be used to diminish the burden of contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging in the long-term follow-up.
Correction: Humidity-dependent surface tension measurements of individual inorganic and organic submicrometre liquid particles (2015)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C4SC03716B.].
Demonstration of a human pyrogen-inducing factor during mixed leukocyte reactions. (1981)

The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of fever was investigated by stimulating human blood mononuclear cells in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). After 2-7 d of incubation, MLR supernates contained a factor that was not pyrogenic itself when injected into rabbits; however, these supernates, when incubated with human blood monocytes from a third donor, induced the synthesis of LP. The pyrogen-inducing activity was stable at 56 degrees C, destroyed at 70 degrees C, and was neither dialyzable nor removable by adsorption by anti-human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) attached to Sepharose 4B. Production of this factor was not always correlated with increased thymidine incorporation in the MLR. Its production was absent when peripheral lymphocytes were purified over nylon wool. The concentration of mononuclear cells in the MLR varied from 5 X 10(5) to 5 X 10(6)/ml in round-bottomed tubes. Under the latter conditions, some donor cells produced this factor without stimulation in the MLR culture, but when these cells were cultured on flat-bottomed containers at low cell concentration, autologous production was not observed. These experiments demonstrate the production of a human lymphocyte factor (lymphokine) that induces LP synthesis. This pyrogen-inducing lymphokine may be important in the pathogenesis of fever in certain immunologically mediated diseases.
Predictors of Hysterectomy Use and Satisfaction (2010)

Numerous factors beyond clinical symptoms predict hysterectomy use and satisfaction. Providers should discuss health-related quality of life, sexual function, and attitudes with patients to help identify those who are most likely to benefit from this procedure.
Conductive Polymers for Bidirectional Neural Interfaces: Fundamentals Aspects and in Vivo Applications (2021)

This is a Review paper on the use of conductive polymers in neural interfaces aimed at bidirectional communication with the brain.
Reliable Machine Learning Model for IIoT Botnet Detection (2023)

Due to the growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, network attacks like denial of service (DoS) and floods are rising for security and reliability issues. As a result of these attacks, IoT devices suffer from denial of service and network disruption. Researchers have implemented different techniques to identify attacks aimed at vulnerable Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this study, we propose a novel features selection algorithm FGOA-kNN based on a hybrid filter and wrapper selection approaches to select the most relevant features. The novel approach integrated with clustering rank the features and then applies the Grasshopper algorithm (GOA) to minimize the top-ranked features. Moreover, a proposed algorithm, IHHO, selects and adapts the neural network’s hyper parameters to detect botnets efficiently. The proposed Harris Hawks algorithm is enhanced with three improvements to improve the global search process for optimal solutions. To tackle the problem of population diversity, a chaotic map function is utilized for initialization. The escape energy of hawks is updated with a new nonlinear formula to avoid the local minima and better balance between exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, the exploitation phase of HHO is enhanced using a new elite operator ROBL. The proposed model combines unsupervised, clustering, and supervised approaches to detect intrusion behaviors. The N-BaIoT dataset is utilized to validate the proposed model. Many recent techniques were used to assess and compare the proposed model’s performance. The result demonstrates that the proposed model is better than other variations at detecting multiclass botnet attacks.
Development and Structural Integration of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Multi-layer Graphene Patches (2018)

Among the carbon based nanostructured materials, Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) have got unique prominence since past decade due to excellent mechanical and electrical properties combined by their cheap and easy fabrication process. CNF with graphene layered structure were developed by electrospinning of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) and subsequent post treatments under specialized conditions. The assembly of graphene layers in the form of patches on the CNF surface was examined by Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Structural changes of CNF under different temperatures from 800C -1500C in reducing atmosphere have been investigated. Crystallite size, ID/IG, and FWHM for D and G characteristic bands were evaluated via Raman peak fitting and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Results have shown that CNF carbonized at 1500C with prior external straining (creep stress) applied during the oxidative stabilization process showed emergence of a symmetrical sharp 2D peak in Raman spectrum with I2D/IG ratio of nearly multi-layer graphene. High temperature heat treatment along with creep stress during the stabilization process results in transforming more of the amorphous carbon into the ordered graphitic domains, leading to assembly of graphene layers on carbon nanofiber surface.
Criterion for improved linearity of 1.3-µm InGaAsP-InP buried-heterostructure lasers (1984)

Nonlinearities in tile light-current characteristics of planar-active buried-heterostructure (BH) lasers are associated with higher order mode transitions, spectral broadening and, in some cases, the onset of TM polarized stimulated emission. Measurements and calculations are presented which show that these nonlinearities appear at higher power in devices with reduced active volume. These results provide a practical guide to the fabrication of "kink-free" 1.3-μm InGaAsP buried-heterostructure lasers for use in high-bit-rate fiber communication systems.
QuEChERS method for determination of pesticide residues in cherries. (2013)

SUMMARY A simple multiresidue method was evaluated for the determination of pesticide residues in cherries using GC-MS/MS for the analysis. A modified QuEChERS method was evaluated in the coloured matrix, such as cherries. This extraction method involves sample extraction with acetonitrile for 3 min on vortex mixer and permits the salt-out liquid−liquid partitioning step using magnesium sulfate anhydrous, sodium chloride, trisodium citrate dihydrate and sodium citrate dibasic sesquihydrate. After shaking and centrifugation, the cleanup was done by adding 5 ml of extract to anhydrous MgSO4, PSA, and carbo activatus. After a repeated centrifugation the 2 ml of extract was evaporated to dryness, and reconstituted in 2 ml of acetone. The optimized analytical conditions were evaluated in terms of recoveries, reproducibility, limits of detection, and matrix effects for 17 pesticides. Some significant matrix effects observed for most of the tested pesticides were eliminated using matrixmatched calibration. The linearity was studied in the range of 0.05–1.0 μg/ml with the R 2 higher than 0.99. The recovery data were obtained by spiking blank samples at three concentration levels (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) yealding recoveries in the range of 77.5–102.4%. The precision values were lower than 11.14% for the intraday precision. The LOQs were established as 10 μg/kg.
Ultrasound-amplified immunohistochemistry. (1993)

We describe a novel technique for improving the sensitivity of immunofluorescence staining by use of ultrasonic irradiation. Free-floating vibratome sections from rat cerebellum were incubated with primary antiserum and simultaneously were briefly exposed to ultrasound (US) in a conventional ultrasound bath. After the US treatment, a conventional immunohistochemical method was employed. Two different antisera and two conventional immunohistochemical detection systems were tested. In all cases a 10-20-sec US treatment strengthened immunoreactivity considerably. Irradiated samples showed a good morphology compared with non-irradiated sections. Our results demonstrate that with ultrasonic treatment the dilutions of primary antibodies can be increased and the incubation times of primary antisera can be reduced. The ultrasonic method described here requires no special equipment. It is easy, reproducible, and it can be considered a new method for the enhancement at immunohisto- and cytochemical staining of free-floating vibratome sections.
Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (1997)

Pneumococci were once among the most highly penicillin-susceptible bacteria. However, reports of multidrug-resistant strains have been published since the late 1970s. The rapid spread of resistant clones and the emergence of new variants of resistance mechanisms call for effective surveillance systems and collaboration among clinicians, scientists, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory and public health agencies.
Cell-Based Strategies for the Treatment of Kidney Dysfunction: A Review (2012)

Conventional treatment of acute and chronic renal diseases has focused on solute removal. Novel strategies aim to treat the multifactorial disease states of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease by mitigating inflammation. Cell-based technologies for the treatment of kidney dysfunction fall under two broad categories: cell therapy and cell processing. Cell therapy utilizes cells that are isolated, cultured outside of the body, and reintroduced as therapy, leveraging beneficial metabolic and synthetic functions. For example, renal tubule cells have been used to provide gluconeogenesis, ammoniagenesis, metabolism of glutathione, catabolism of important peptide hormones, growth factors, and cytokines critical to multiorgan homeostasis and immunomodulation to treat renal dysfunction. Cell processing focuses on altering the characteristics of cell populations inside the body to provide therapy. The selective cytopheretic device is an example of this novel therapeutic strategy that aims to modulate the innate immune response during organ dysfunction, additional organ injury, by binding and deactivating leukocytes. In this review, both cell therapy and cell processing approaches will be discussed in the context of acute kidney injury and chronic renal disease.
Resolution of volatile fuel compound profiles from Ascocoryne sarcoides: a comparison by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2012)

Volatile hydrocarbon production by Ascocoryne sacroides was studied over its growth cycle. Gas-phase compounds were measured continuously with a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and at distinct time points with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using head space solid phase microextraction (SPME). The PTR-MS ion signal permitted temporal resolution of the volatile production while the SPME results revealed distinct compound identities. The quantitative PTR-MS results showed the volatile production was dominated by ethanol and acetaldehyde, while the concentration of the remainder of volatiles consistently reached 2,000 ppbv. The measurement of alcohols from the fungal culture by the two techniques correlated well. Notable compounds of fuel interest included nonanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl- and benzaldehyde. Abiotic comparison of the two techniques demonstrated SPME fiber bias toward higher molecular weight compounds, making quantitative efforts with SPME impractical. Together, PTR-MS and SPME GC-MS were shown as valuable tools for characterizing volatile fuel compound production from microbiological sources.
Transduction heats in retinal rods: tests of the role of cGMP by pyroelectric calorimetry. (1989)

The sensory dark current of vertebrate retinal rods is believed to be controlled by light activation of a chain of coupled biochemical cycles that finally regulate the cationic conductance of the plasma membrane by hydrolytically reducing the level of cGMP in rod outer segment cytoplasm. The scheme has been tested by measuring heat production by live frog retinas when stimulated with sequences of light flashes of progressively increasing energy. Using pyroelectric poly(vinylidene 1,1-difluoride) detectors that simultaneously measure transretinal voltage and retinal temperature change, four heat effects assignable to known biochemical cycles in rods have been found. As the dark current shuts down after a flash causing 180-1800 rhodopsin photoisomerizations per rod, a heat burst, q1, raises the retinal temperature 1-2 microK. q1 is closely regulated in size and slightly precedes dark current shutdown. Isobutylmethylxanthine slows and enlarges q1, delaying the dark-current response. Increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ stops the dark current without affecting q1. Although rod heat production is consistent with splitting of 1-3 microM of free cytoplasmic cGMP during transduction, the kinetics of the two processes do not match the predictions of current cGMP control models.
The effects of aspirin, indomethacin and their copper complexes on phospholipase activity and on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. (1986)

Aspirin and indomethacin decreased the hydrolysis of microsomal phospholipids by exogenous soluble phospholipase A2 and increased lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Copper chelates of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tested more strongly decreased the activity of soluble phospholipase A2 as compared to the ligands. In contrast to the stimulant effects of aspirin and indomethacin these chelates exerted dose-dependent inhibitory effects on enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. The effects of CuSO4 were similar to those of Cu(II)-aspirin and Cu(II)-indomethacin. Bathocuproine sulfonate, a specific chelator for Cu+, completely prevented the inhibitory effects of copper complexes and of CuSO4 both on lipid peroxidation and on microsomal NADPH-oxidation. Therefore, cupric ions, free or chelated, as well as their reduction to Cu+ by microsomes did not affect the activity of NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 reductase. These data are explained by drug-induced changes in the membrane structure as well as by the redox cycling of cupric ions in the copper complexes of aspirin and indomethacin and the subsequent and/or simultaneous interaction of Cu2+/Cu+ with some component(s) of the reaction medium.
Membrane-dependent uridylylation of the genome-linked protein VPg of poliovirus. (1983)

A small nucleotidyl-protein has been synthesized in vitro in a membrane fraction of poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. Analyses of the nucleotides and polypeptide have shown that the nucleotidyl-protein is VPg-pUpU: the genome-linked protein of poliovirion RNA covalently bound to the first two 5'-terminal nucleotides of poliovirus RNA. Synthesis of VPg-pUpU in vitro was sensitive to nonionic detergent. We suggest that VPg-pUpU is part of the initiation complex in poliovirus RNA replication in a membranous environment.
Variability on the Propagation of a Plane Wave Using Stochastic Collocation Methods in a Bio Electromagnetic Application (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this letter, the uncertainties on the angles of propagation of a plane wave in a bio electromagnetic application are studied using two non intrusive stochastic collocation methods. The proposed techniques are used in this application, which employs a finite-difference time-domain scheme, but they can be used when applying other kinds of methods without modifying programs. The results obtained using the two approaches are compared. The stochastic collocation methods are used to determine the influence of the uncertainty on the angle of propagation of a plane wave on the obtained specific absorption rate. Global sensitivity is analyzed. </para>
Monte Carlo simulation of the magnetization of a ferromagnet with antiphase boundaries (2002)

The magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic cylinder containing an antiphase boundary with antiferromagnetic interactions are studied using atomic Monte Carlo simulation. The approach to saturation shows a reduced magnetization compared with the completely ferromagnetic sample, even in huge applied fields. The magnetization profiles are studied as a function of the number of ferromagnetic planes in the cylinder with 80 atoms per plane and also as function of the ratio of the bulk-to-antiphase exchange coupling. Hysteresis appears after removing the applied field for relatively low antiphase boundary densities. It is shown that the antiferromagnetic coupling across the antiphase boundary leads to a progressive rotation of spins as the two half “domain walls” at the boundary with opposite chirality narrow with increasing applied field.
The world of appearances: A perspective from eighteenth-century India (2011)

Scientists, philosophers and thinkers in all ages have tried to understand the world of appearances and the consciousness that pervades it. How do we view the world? What is a tree or river? What is a sculpture?
Establishment of Novel Sinonasal Nut Carcinoma Cell Lines (2022)

Objective: NUT carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract with a median survival time of approximately 6 to 7 months. According to the latest WHO classification of Head and Neck Tumors, it is "a poorly differentiated carcinoma defined by the presence of nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene (NUTM1) arrangement." In two-thirds of cases, NUTM1 is fused to the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) gene, and this fusion disrupts cellular differentiation and promotes oncogenesis. There is no standard treatment for NUT carcinoma; therefore, there is a need to develop new experimental models and improve treatment strategies. However, due to the rarity of this disease, only few NUT carcinoma cell lines are available, especially from the sinonasal tract. Here, we report the establishment and characterization of two novel sinonasal NUT carcinoma cell lines.
Edge Enhancement Nucleus and Cytoplast Contour Detector of Cervical Smear Images (2008)

This paper presents an edge enhancement nucleus and cytoplast contour (EENCC) detector to enable cutting the nucleus and cytoplast from a cervical smear cell image. To clean up noises from an image, this paper proposes a trim-meaning filter that can effectively remove impulse and Gaussian noises but still preserves the sharpness of object boundaries. In addition, a bigroup enhancer is proposed to make a clear-cut separation of the pixels lying in-between two objects. A mean vector difference enhancer is presented to suppress the gradients of noises and also to brighten the gradients of object contours. What is more, a relative-distance-error measure is put forward to evaluate the segmentation error between the extracted and target object contours. The experimental results show that all the aforementioned techniques proposed have performed impressively. Other than for cervical smear images, these proposed techniques can also be utilized in object segmentation of other images.
A composite model of the auditory periphery for simulating responses to complex sounds (1999)

This paper presents a phenomenological model of the cochlea. It consists of a bank of nonlinear time-varying parallel filters and an active distributed feedback. Realistic filter shapes are obtained with the all-pole gamma-tone filter (APGF), which provides both a good approximation of the far more complex wave propagation or cochlear mechanics models and a very simple implementation. Special care has been taken in modeling nonlinear properties in order to mimic the responses of the cochlea to complex stimuli. As a result, the model reproduces several observed phenomena including compression, two-tone suppression, and suppression of tones by noise. The distributed feedback, based on physiological evidence from outer hair cell (OHC) functioning, controls the damping parameter of the APGF and provides good modeling of both low-side and high-side suppression. Responses to more complex stimuli as well as a study of the model's parameters are also presented. Areas of application of this type of model include understanding of signal coding in the cochlea and auditory nerve, development of hearing aids, speech analysis, as well as input to neural models of higher auditory centers.
Painful Neuromas (2012)

Neuromas develop as part of a normal reparative process following peripheral nerve injury. Painful neuromas can induce intense pain resulting in immense suffering and disability. MRI aids the diagnosis, but, ultrasound imaging allows cost effective accurate diagnosis and localization of neuromas by demonstrating their direct contiguity with the nerve of origin. Management options for painful neuromas include pharmacotherapy, prosthetic adjustments, steroid injection, chemical neurolysis, cryoablation, and radiofrequency ablation. Ultrasound imaging guidance has improved the success in localizing and targeting the neuromas. This review discusses the patho-physiology and accumulated evidence for various therapies and the current percutaneous interventional management options for painful neuromas.
Phase optimization of dispersive mirrors based on floating constants (2010)

A novel floating constants phase-optimization technique is developed and applied to the design of dispersive mirrors. This technique reduces the dispersive mirror's sensitivity to layer thickness errors. To demonstrate the significant improvement in design stability, we theoretically and experimentally compare our new phase-optimization approach to the conventional one. The fabricated dispersive mirror has a reflectivity of >99.99% and provides an accurate dispersion control over a bandwidth of around 60 nm.