gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Uniformity of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements with Digital Image Technology (2007)

This paper discusses the application of imaging techniques in a system for assessing the uniformity of newly constructed pavements. The developed system is designed to be used for the detection of segregated Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) areas and identification of these areas along a road for HMA quality assurance purposes. The system uses relatively low cost off-the-shelf components for capturing images of new pavements and applies innovative image processing and analysis software for detecting and quantifying segregated areas. The development has included the design of the hardware component of the system as well as the development of the necessary image processing and analysis software. Challenges in the hardware design included the positioning of the camera on a moving vehicle and development of an appropriate illumination system. The image processing module uses a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), commonly used in visual texture analysis, to compute various different parameters that characterize surface texture. Measures of contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity are used to discriminate areas having different visual texture characteristics in the pavement surface. Testing of the system has been conducted at the Virginia Smart Road. The outputs of the system appear to be well suited for automatic identification of several different types of pavement surfaces. If the system can identify non-uniformities on new construction projects properly, then the use of such a system can help improve the quality of the HMA layers and enhance pavement performance, increasing pavement service life with the consequent reductions in down time from repair work.
Noncanonical RNAs From Transcripts of the Drosophila muscleblind Gene (2006)

It has become increasingly evident that eukaryotic cells produce RNA molecules from coding genes with constitutions other than those of typically spliced mRNA transcripts. Here we describe new cDNAs from the Drosophila melanogaster muscleblind (mbl) locus that identify two such atypical RNA molecules: RNAs containing an incomplete exon 2 tandem repetition (mblE2E2') or having exons with a different order compared to the corresponding genomic DNA (mblE2E3'E2'; exon scrambling). The existence of exon duplications and rearrangements in the genomic locus that might explain such cDNAs was ruled out by genomic Southern blotting and in silico analysis of the Drosophila genome sequence. The incomplete exon 2 tandem repetition was confirmed by sequencing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products, rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and detection of a band consistent with cDNA sizes in total RNA northern blots. RT-PCRs with exon-specific primers downstream of exon 2 were unable to amplify products other than those expected from canonical mbl isoforms, thus indicating that no other exons were efficiently spliced downstream of exon 2. Moreover, mblE2E2' transcripts seem to be poorly polyadenylated, if at all, and behave aberrantly in a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) mobility assay. Taken together, lack of polyadenylation, lack of downstream splicing events, small size of mblE2E2', and PAGE behavior all suggest that these noncanonical transcripts may be circular RNAs. The functional implications for these noncanonical transcripts are unclear. A developmental expression profile of mblE2E2' revealed an almost constant expression except during early embryogenesis and early adulthood. The protein putatively encoded is unlikely to be functional because an in-frame stop codon occurs almost immediately after the splice site. Such noncanonical transcripts have previously been observed in vertebrates, and these data provide the first experimental evidence for similar phenomena in invertebrates.
A comprehensive review on synthesis methods for transition-metal oxide nanostructures (2015)

Recent developments of transition-metal oxide nanostructures with designed shape and dimensionality, including various synthesis methods and applications, are presented.
Constipation and Laxative Herbs in Iranian Traditional Medicine (2016)

Context: Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders and is characterized by stiffness of waste and difficult defecation. In modern medicine, different laxative drugs are used for the treatment of constipation, but they are not without side effects. Nonetheless, the appropriate use of herbal medicines can be beneficial for treating this disorder. Therefore, this study attempted to draw together some pharmacological and medical insights into the management of constipation through the use of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). Evidence Acquisition: In this review article, we initially researched constipation and laxative herbs using some of the most famous ancient medical and pharmacological textbooks pertaining to Iranian medicine written from the 10th to 18th century AD. This includes The canon of medicine by Avicenna (10th and 11th centuries, Beirut publication), Makhzan-ol-advie by Aghili (18th century, Tehran University of Medical Science Press), and Al-shamel by Gharashi (13th century, Caltural foundation Publication). Then we extracted the names and laxative mechanisms of some herbs prescribed for constipation through ITM. Finally, a search of scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to find related works concerning laxative mechanisms. Results: In ITM doctrine, laxatives are weak purgatives that lead to the defecation of waste from the gastrointestinal tract. From this perspective, laxative herbs can be classified into two groups based on their nature: laxative herbs with a hot nature cause the dilution and flowing of humors, but herbs with a cold nature function as laxatives due to their mucilage properties. Each of the laxatives was used in accordance with the primary reason for constipation. Conclusions: This study presents medical and pharmacological approaches in ITM for dealing with complications arising from constipation. Considering the optimistic results, these herbs can be used as a means of constipation management and further investigation into this area can potentially lead to the formulation of new drugs. Â© 2016, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.
Towards an Efficient Direct Glucose Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System with Several Electro-Oxidation Units (2017)

This work covers the direct glucose anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) with near-neutralstate electrolyte of 0.1 M [PO 4 ] tot having two high-performing anode electrocatalysts (Pt and PtNi) at 37 o C and at a glucose concentration of 0.1 M. The cathode catalyst in each test was a Pt supported on carbon (60 wt.%). The PtNi/C had a total metal content of 40 wt.% and the Pt/C 60 wt.%. The operation of the AEMFC was controlled by means of an in-house made electronic load with PIcontroller (i.e. a feedback controller, which has proportional and integral action on control error signal). There were two primary objectives with this study. At first, to find out how the electrode modifications of the anode (i.e. by increasing the thicknesses of these electrodes by adding extra carbon) affect the Coulombic efficiency (CE, based on the exchange of two electrons) and the specific energy (SPE, Wh kg -1 ) values of the direct glucose AEMFC. Secondly, investigate how a two-stage fuel cell system with two fuel cells concatenated and used one after the other for the electrochemical oxidation of glucose, influence the CE and SPE values. The results show that the modified PtNi anode shows superior results for the AEMFC compared to our earlier results. As for the two-stage fuel cell system, it increased the average electric power (mWh) and SPE when compared to single fuel cell systems except when the higher selective anode catalyst (Pt) was used in the first fuel cell prior to the fuel cell in the second fuel cell containing the lower selective anode catalyst (PtNi).
Cyclic Polyamine Ionophore for Use in a Dibasic Phosphate-Selective Electrode (1994)

A cyclic polyamine, 3-decyl-1,5,8-triazacyclodecane-2,4-dione (N3-cyclic amine), was used as the ionophore for a dibasic phosphate-selective electrode. This electrode exhibited a linear response between 1.0 mumol/L and 0.1 mol/L dibasic phosphate activity with a near-Nernstian slope of approximately -29 mV per activity decade. The electrode selectivity for dibasic phosphate over other commonly occurring anions was evaluated. A mechanism for the selectivity of the electrode toward HOP4(2-) ions is postulated to be a function of the size and charge of the N3-cyclic amine ionophore relative to the size and charge of HPO4(2-) ions. The electrode's superior selectivity and sensitivity make possible the direct measurement of phosphate activity in a wide variety of applications.
Effects of Highway Construction on Sediment and Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Two Tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia (2007)

ABSTRACT During a three-year study of two tributaries being crossed by a four-lane highway under construction in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, we found little difference in the amount of fine sediment collected at upstream and downstream sites. The downstream site on one tributary collected significantly greater amounts of sediment in 2003, prior to installation of sediment fencing. Despite several episodic flow events that caused changes in the streambed, benthic macroinvertebrate metrics did not differ significantly annually or seasonally between sites or between streams. On-site controls effectively checked new sedimentation, and benthic macroinvertebrates were not significantly impacted.
Etudes en traitement d'antenne pour la prise de son (1998)

Cette these porte sur le traitement d'antenne par un reseau de microphones. On constate une grande similitude des equations dans le domaine frequentiel et dans le domaine temporel large bande. Ainsi, il est possible d'utiliser les memes algorithmes dans les deux domaines. On utilise cette propriete pour la localisation (maximum de vraisemblance deterministe et methode du propagateur) et pour l'estimation du canal. Une methode generique est derivee sur la base du traitement superdirectif. Au lieu de s'appuyer uniquement sur les differences de phase, on utilise aussi les differences d'amplitude, ce qui permet d'obtenir un facteur de directivite eleve aux frequences pour lesquelles la taille de l'antenne devient petite comparee a la longueur d'onde. Ainsi, le facteur de directivite peut meme tendre vers l'infini pour f 0, et ceci avec une robustesse raisonnable. En profitant des resultats de ce traitement fixe, deux traitements adaptatifs sont proposes. Le premier repose sur une generalisation de la methode lcmv. Au lieu d'un critere de cout base uniquement sur la puissance a la sortie, deux termes supplementaires sont ajoutes qui expriment le facteur de directivite et la robustesse. Le deuxieme traitement adaptatif est base sur l'algorithme de frost. Au lieu d'avoir une contrainte dure pour proteger le signal utile, un signal fictif est injecte, qui s'ajoute virtuellement au signal utile, mais qui a l'avantage d'etre connu. Le signal desire a la sortie de l'antenne est ce signal fictif. Une variation de la puissance de ce signal selon un critere de detection d'activite vocale permet de relacher la contrainte pendant l'absence du signal utile afin de reduire en meme temps les signaux perturbateurs. Pour reduire davantage les perturbations residuelles, des post-traitements peuvent etre appliques en sortie d'antenne. Deux nouvelles methodes de post-filtrage sont proposees. Finalement, deux methodes sont proposees pour reduire la charge de calcul. La premiere methode sert a implanter efficacement des retards fractionnaires en utilisant une factorisation des filtres. La deuxieme methode est utile pour des traitements dans le domaine frequentiel qui respectent approximativement la contrainte de convolution ou correlation lineaire. Il s'agit d'un lissage ou d'une interpolation dans le domaine frequentiel.
Genetic heterogeneity in the cysA-fus region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome: identification of the hos gene (1985)

We identified a new gene, hos, which exerts different sporulation phenotypes in Bacillus subtilis strains with different genetic backgrounds. The hos+ gene showed normal sporulation in the genetic background of JH642 but showed temperature-sensitive sporulation in that of the Tano-oka W. The hos gene was mapped between cysA and rpoB.
CCN2 induces cellular senescence in fibroblasts (2016)

The expression of Ccn2 (CTGF) has been linked to fibrosis in many tissues and pathologies, although its activities in fibroblastic cells and precise mechanism of action in fibrogenesis are still controversial. Here, we showed that CCN2 can induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo, whereupon senescent cells express an anti-fibrotic "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP) that includes upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and downregulation of collagen. Mechanistically, CCN2 induces fibroblast senescence through integrin α<sub>6</sub>β<sub>1</sub>-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of p53 and induction of p16<sup>INK4a</sup>. In cutaneous wound healing, Ccn2 expression is highly elevated only during the initial inflammatory phase and quickly declines thereafter to a low level during the proliferation and maturation phases of healing when myofibroblasts play a major role. Consistent with this expression kinetics, knockdown of Ccn2 has little effect on the rate of wound closure, formation of senescent cells, or collagen content of the wounds. However, application of purified CCN2 protein on cutaneous wounds leads to induction of senescent cells, expression of SASP, and reduction of collagen content. These results show that CCN2 can induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts and is capable of exerting an anti-fibrotic effect in a context-dependent manner.
Self-Assembly of Hierarchically Mesoporous−Macroporous Phosphated Nanocrystalline Aluminum (Oxyhydr)oxide Materials (2006)

A hierarchical structure of mesoporous−macroporous phosphated aluminum (oxyhydr)oxide (PAl) materials was prepared via a simple self-assembly process with the use of precursor aluminum sec-butoxide in a mixed solution of H3PO4 and Na2HPO4. Direct phosphation resulted in the incorporation of phosphorus into the inorganic framework of aluminum (oxyhydr)oxides by the Al−O−P bonds. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that, despite slight phosphorus incorporation or phosphation, the frameworks of the as-synthesized autoclaved PAl samples remained in a crystalline phase of boehmite AlOOH-type, and their calcined products had a phase of γ-Al2O3-type. The macroporous structures are uniform, with sizes of 500−1800 nm, and the macropore walls are composed of accessible mesopores of a scaffold-like nanoparticle assembly. It is shown that the direct incorporation of phosphorus from a phosphate solution of the synthesis system can stabilize the framework of mesoporous−macroporous aluminum oxides with high surface areas and acidic properties. The present study also demonstrated that the surfactant (Brij 56) did not seem to have a direct role in the formation of macroporous structures, but significantly influenced the textural properties of the resultant PAl materials. The surface areas of surfactant-synthesized PAl exceeded 700 m2/g, which is almost two times of that of surfactantless-synthesized samples. The synthesized hierarchical PAl exhibited high thermal stability (at least 800 °C), possessing surface hydroxyl groups and acid sites, which may attract much interest for practical applications, including catalysis.
High-Quality AlN Film Grown on Sputtered AlN/Sapphire via Growth-Mode Modification (2018)

Heteroepitaxy of high-quality AlN film is the key to advance the prosperity of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) devices when a large-size and low-cost native substrate is unavailable. Here, we proposed a strategy to obtain high-quality AlN film by combining growth-mode modification with sputtered AlN buffer using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Compared with the MOCVD AlN buffer, the sputtered AlN buffer consists of smaller and more uniform grains with better c-axis orientation, leading to a better growth-mode modification in the subsequent growth process. On one hand, the better c-axis orientation is inherited by the upper AlN epilayer, resulting in a lower screw dislocation density. On the other hand, the better growth-mode modification significantly suppresses edge dislocations by producing high-density nanoscale voids and many 90° bent dislocations. Therefore, the total threading dislocation density of the AlN film grown on the sputtered AlN buffer is dramatically reduced to an extremely low value of 4.7 × 107 cm–2, which is 81.2% less than that of the AlN film grown on the MOCVD AlN buffer. This very simple yet effective technique demonstrates great potential for the mass-fabrication of low-cost and high-performance DUV devices.
Dosimetry Analyses of the Ringhals 3 and 4 Reactor Pressure Vessels (2012)

Abstract A comprehensive series of neutron dosimetry measurements consisting of surveillance capsules, reactor pressure vessel cladding samples, and ex-vessel neutron dosimetry has been analyzed and compared to the results of three-dimensional, cycle-specific neutron transport calculations for the Ringhals Unit 3 and Unit 4 reactors in Sweden. The comparisons show excellent agreement between calculations and measurements. The measurements also demonstrate that it is possible to perform retrospective dosimetry measurements using the 93Nb (n,n′) 93mNb reaction on samples of 18-8 austenitic stainless steel with only trace amounts of elemental niobium.
A real time FFT chip set: architectural issues (2002)

The tradeoffs involved in the design of a real-time 40-MHz fast Fourier transform (FFT) chip set are discussed. Tradeoffs involving the algorithmic organization, device partitioning, the data format, and device architecture are examined. The chip set can compute FFTs with up to 2048 points at 40-MHz data rates (or 80-MHz data rates for real data) by using up to 20 chips or at 3-MHz rates when using only three devices. The 1.5- mu CMOS chip set has been designed, fabricated, and tested and is fully functional.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of two in vivo challenge models to measure functional activity of monoclonal antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (2020)

The results indicate that in vivo assays described here can provide reliable information for comparing the functional activity of mAbs. The results also provide guidance regarding selection of the appropriate experimental design, dose selection, and group sizes.
New Technique for Percutaneous Nephrostomy Under Ultrasound Guidance (1979)

The 8F cystocath has been used as a temporary percutaneous nephrostomy. B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the depth and direction of trocar placement after initial confirmation with a spinal needle. No immediate complications were noted in 10 successful insertions and there was only 1 failure of entry.
Electrically tunable dynamic nuclear spin polarization in GaAs quantum dots at zero magnetic field (2018)

In III–V semiconductor nano-structures, the electron and nuclear spin dynamics are strongly coupled. Both spin systems can be controlled optically. The nuclear spin dynamics are widely studied, but little is known about the initialization mechanisms. Here, we investigate optical pumping of carrier and nuclear spins in charge tunable GaAs dots grown on 111A substrates. We demonstrate dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at zero magnetic field in a single quantum dot for the positively charged exciton X+ state transition. We tune the DNP in both amplitude and sign by variation of an applied bias voltage Vg. Variation of ΔVg on the order of 100 mV changes the Overhauser splitting (nuclear spin polarization) from −30 μeV (−22%) to +10 μeV (+7%) although the X+ photoluminescence polarization does not change sign over this voltage range. This indicates that absorption in the structure and energy relaxation towards the X+ ground state might provide favourable scenarios for efficient electron-nuclear spin flip-flops, generating DNP during the first tens of ps of the X+ lifetime which is on the order of hundreds of ps. Voltage control of DNP is further confirmed in Hanle experiments.
Multi-layer processed probes for permittivity measurement (2004)

Probes fabricated using multi-layer process are proposed for complex permittivity measurements in microwave frequency range. For multi-layer processing, we have considered LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) and MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) process to make the probe smaller and thus to be applicable to small biological tissues. We expect the probe size can be reduced to 0.1mm by 0.2mm if necessary. We also investigate the shielding effect of vias that is normally used to support TEM wave inside the planar transmission line structure. The complex permittivity of 0.9% saline in microwave frequency range (100MHz-40GHz) was measured using MEMS and LTCC probe to verify the usefulness of the propose probes.
Chemistry of the Spiroaminoketal Side Chain of Solasodine and Tomatidine. IV.1 Chemistry of the Tomatidine Side Chain (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Spiroaminoketal Side Chain of Solasodine and Tomatidine. IV.1 Chemistry of the Tomatidine Side ChainYOSHIO SATO, H. GEORGE LATHAM Jr., and NOBUO IKEKAWACite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 11, 1962–1965Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01081a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01081a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of slant of objective on image formation in optical microscopes (2008)

A microscope image formation model based on scalar diffraction and Fourier optics has been developed, which takes a slant angle between the optical axis and the observed surface into account. The theoretical investigations of the imaging of line structures using this model show that reflection type microscopes are much stronger influenced by the slant angle than transmission type microscopes. In addition, the slant angle changes the image contrast and the image shape of a line structure, especially its edge. The larger the slant angle, the stronger the decrease of the image contrast, and the less steep the edge slope in both types of microscopes. Furthermore, the larger the numerical aperture of the objective, the less the effect of the slant angle on the line image shape.