gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ambient Anthropogenic Carbons and Pediatric Respiratory Infections: A Case‐Crossover Analysis in the Megacity Beijing (2023)

Carbon loading in airway cells has shown to worsen function of antimicrobial peptides, permitting increased survival of pathogens in the respiratory tract; however, data on the impacts of carbon particles on childhood acute respiratory infection (ARI) is limited. We assembled daily health data on outpatient visits for ARI (bronchitis, pneumonia, and total upper respiratory infection [TURI]) in children aged 0-14 years between 2015 and 2019 in Beijing, China. Anthropogenic carbons, including black carbon (BC) and its emission sources, and wood smoke particles (delta carbon, ultra-violet absorbing particulate matter, and brown carbon) were continuously monitored. Using a time-stratified case-crossover approach, conditional logistic regression was performed to derive risk estimates for each outcome. A total of 856,899 children were included, and a wide range of daily carbon particle concentrations was observed, with large variations for BC (0.36-20.44) and delta carbon (0.48-57.66 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). Exposure to these particles were independently associated with ARI, with nearly linear exposure-response relationships. Interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC and delta carbon over prior 0-8 days, we observed elevation of the odd ratio of bronchitis by 1.201 (95% confidence interval, 1.180, 1.221) and 1.048 (95% CI, 1.039, 1.057), respectively. Stronger association was observed for BC from traffic sources, which increased the odd ratio of bronchitis by 1.298 (95% CI, 1.273, 1.324). Carbon particles were also associated with elevated risks of pneumonia and TURI, and subgroup analyses indicated greater risks among children older than 6 years. Our findings suggested that anthropogenic carbons in metropolitan areas may pose a significant threat to clinical manifestations of respiratory infections in vulnerable populations.
A Wide Variety of Clostridium perfringens Type A Food-Borne Isolates That Carry a ChromosomalcpeGene Belong to One Multilocus Sequence Typing Cluster (2012)

Of 98 suspected food-borne Clostridium perfringens isolates obtained from a nationwide survey by the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority in The Netherlands, 59 strains were identified as C. perfringens type A. Using PCR-based techniques, the cpe gene encoding enterotoxin was detected in eight isolates, showing a chromosomal location for seven isolates and a plasmid location for one isolate. Further characterization of these strains by using (GTG)(5) fingerprint repetitive sequence-based PCR analysis distinguished C. perfringens from other sulfite-reducing clostridia but did not allow for differentiation between various types of C. perfringens strains. To characterize the C. perfringens strains further, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was performed on eight housekeeping genes of both enterotoxic and non-cpe isolates, and the data were combined with a previous global survey covering strains associated with food poisoning, gas gangrene, and isolates from food or healthy individuals. This revealed that the chromosomal cpe strains (food strains and isolates from food poisoning cases) belong to a distinct cluster that is significantly distant from all the other cpe plasmid-carrying and cpe-negative strains. These results suggest that different groups of C. perfringens have undergone niche specialization and that a distinct group of food isolates has specific core genome sequences. Such findings have epidemiological and evolutionary significance. Better understanding of the origin and reservoir of enterotoxic C. perfringens may allow for improved control of this organism in foods.
The effect of thermal cycling to 1100 C on the alpha /Mo/ phase in directionally solidified gamma/gamma-prime-alpha alloys (1981)

Specimens of gamma/gamma-prime-alpha (Mo) eutectic alloy were thermally cycled or isothermally exposed at temperatures of 1075 to 1100 C. Transmission electron microscopy examination of cycled specimens indicated that even an exposure of 10 minutes effected noticeable changes in the shape of the alpha phase, and that the changes were cumulative as more cycles were added. The cross sections of fine, smooth fibers changed from rectangles to octagons, while lamellae and irregular shapes spheroidized. These effects are attributed to the differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the alpha phase and the gamma/gamma-prime matrix, and to the higher diffusion rates prevailing at elevated temperatures. Where the configuration of the alpha phase is a simple shape, such as a fiber, increasing the temperature eventually brings about a stress free interface between the alpha phase and the matrix by differential thermal expansion. Where the shape of the alpha phase is more complex, a stressed interface persists to higher temperatures where diffusion produces the more drastic morphological changes.
Convergence of the Grid-Free Point Vortex Method for the Three-Dimensional Euler Equations (1991)

Convergence of the grid-free point vortex method is proved for three-dimensional Euler equations with smooth solutions. Two new techniques are used to obtain consistency and stability of the method. The first one is Strang’s trick [Numer. Math., 6 (1964), pp. 37–46] which allows smooth approximate solutions to be constructed to the vortex method equations with arbitrarily small errors. This result is used to obtain consistency and nonlinear stability. The second tool is the use of a very special discrete negative norm in $l_1$ space for vorticity which gives rise to the linear stability result. Combining these two techniques proves uniform convergence of the method with second-order accuracy.
Evaluation of Reheat Cracking Susceptibility in High Strength Austenitic Stainless Steels (2020)

In order to assess the susceptibility to reheat cracking of high-strength austenitic stainless steels of KA-SUS304J1HTB and KA-SUS310J1TB, we established a reheat cracking reproduction test method by using stress relaxation test. A HAZ-reproduction test piece of KA-SUS304J1HTB fractured during stress relaxation at 650°C when the strain exceeded 16.6%. On the other hand, an as-received test piece of KA-SUS310J1TB fractured during stress relaxation at 650°C when the strain was more than 10.3%. Subsequently, local reduction of area (RA) of the fractured HAZ-reproduction and as-received test pieces was measured. No appreciable local RA was observed in the vicinity of the fractured surface on both test pieces. Besides, test piece with larger grain size was found out to be fractured in shorter time, as compared to test piece with small grain size. These findings were in close accordance with the previously reported characteristics of the reheat cracking cases. We then calculated the stress relaxation processes on the basis of experimental results by using Norton's creep law. The calculation results showed that HAZ-reproduction material of KA-SUS304J1HTB would not generate reheat cracking for up to more than 100,000 hours when the initial stress was equal to or below 300 MPa. However, reheat cracking would occur on KA-SUS310J1TB after only about 40,000 hours when the initial stress was 300 MPa. Compared to KA-SUS304J1HTB, KA-SUS310J1TB was more susceptible to reheat cracking.
A new extracting rule algorithm from incomplete information system by covering rough sets (2007)

In this paper, a new extracting rule algorithm from incomplete information system is proposed. First, we produce a covering on a domain according to attribute value of the objects, and then reducts are made on this covering. Second, we utilize rough sets model based on covering to estimate unknown value, so that an incomplete information system is transformed to a complete information system, and thus rules can be extracted.
Anisotropic thermal property of magnetically oriented carbon nanotube polymer composites (2016)

This paper proposes a method for preparing multi-walled carbon nanotubea/polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNTs/PDMS) composites with enhanced thermal properties by using a high magnetic field (up to 10T). The MWCNT are oriented magnetically inside a silicone by in-situ polymerization method. The anisotropic structure would be expected to produce directional thermal conductivity. This study will provide a new approach to the development of anisotropic thermal-conductive polymer composites. Systematic studies with the preparation of silicone/graphene composites corresponding to their thermal and mechanical properties are carried out under various conditions: intensity of magnetic field, time, temperature, fillings. The effect of MWCNT/graphene content and preparation procedures on thermal conductivity of composites is investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is used to reveal the mechanical properties of the composites in terms of the filling contents and magnetic field strength. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to observe the micro-structure of the MWCNT composites. The alignment of MWCNTs in PDMS matrix is also studied by Raman spectroscopy. The thermal conductivity measurements show that the magnetically aligned CNT-composites feature high anisotropy in thermal conductivity.
RING ENLARGEMENT OF THE PHOTOCHEMICALLY GENERATED endo-2,3-TRIMETHYLENENORBORN-exo-2-YLCARBINYL CATION. OCCURRENCE OF A DIFFERENT REACTION PATHWAY FROM THAT IN SULFURIC ACID (1978)

Abstract endo-2,3-Trimethylenenorborn-exo-2-ylcarbinyl cation (1a), formed by irradiating the corresponding iodide (1) in heptane, rearranged mainly to tricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undec-2(6)-ene (2), an entirely different product from the same cation in sulfuric acid. The difference is interpreted with the “free” character of the cation produced in a high energy, photochemical process.
Synthesizing low loss negative index metamaterial stacks for the mid-infrared using genetic algorithms (2009)

Negative index metamaterial designs for the mid-infrared with low absorption and impedance mismatch losses are presented. A robust genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the flexible metamaterial structure for targeted refractive index and impedance values. A new figure of merit is introduced to evaluate the impedance match of the metamaterial to free space. Two designs are presented demonstrating low-loss characteristics for a thin metamaterial with two metal screens and a thick metamaterial stack with five screens. The device performance is analyzed when adding more screens to the structure, revealing that optimizing a thick stack produces a metamaterial with properties approaching those of a bulk material.
Channel Positive and Negative Feedback Network for Target Tracking (2021)

Aiming at alleviate the detrimental effect of similar object interferences and target state changes in SiamRPN tracker, a Channel Positive and Negative Feedback Network (CPFN) is proposed, in which the Gaussian score map is generated by the feature channels selected by a Gaussian kernel, and the map is combined with the classification branches of SiamRPN. In this way, the feature channels are divided into positive feedback channels and interference channels, and these feature channels are effectively utilized. In addition, a channel weight update strategy is proposed to enhance the robustness of the tracker and avoid template pollution caused by inadequate template update. Extensive experiments on tracking benchmarks including VOT2016, VOT2018, VOT2019, OTB100, UAV123, LaSOT and GOT-10k show that the proposed CPFN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods based on small backbone network in terms of accuracy and achieves high-speed tracking.
Streptonigrin and Related Compounds. IX. : Syntheses of 4-Phenyl-2, 3-dimethylpyridone Derivatives. Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CCCLXIII (1970)

Condensation of aldehydes (Va, b) with ethyl methyl ketone gave α, β-unsaturated ketones (VIa, b), which were reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate to afford the pyridone derivatives (VIIa, b), one of which (VIIb) was converted to 5, 6-dimethylpyridine derivatives (VIIIc, d). On the other hand, the compound (XI) was oxidized with selenium dioxide to afford 2-formylpyridine derivative (XIII).
DNA testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a cost-effectiveness model (2010)

Aims To explore the cost-effectiveness of alternative methods of screening family members for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common monogenic cardiac disorder and the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people. Methods and results Economic decision model comparing cascade screening by genetic, as opposed to clinical methods. The incremental cost per life year saved was 14,397 euro for the cascade genetic compared with the cascade clinical approach. Genetic diagnostic strategies are more likely to be cost-effective than clinical tests alone. The costs for cascade molecular genetic testing were slightly higher than clinical testing in the short run, but this was largely because the genetic approach is more effective and identifies more individuals at risk. Conclusion The use of molecular genetic information in the diagnosis and management of HCM is a cost-effective approach to the primary prevention of SCD in these patients.
Characterization of Nafion®/Zirconium Sulphophenyl Phosphate Nanocomposite Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2008)

Layered structure zirconium sulphophenyl phosphate (ZrSPP) was prepared from the precipitation of Zr4+ ion and m-sulphophenyl phosphonic (SPP) acid at a mole ratio of P to Zr = 2.0. The reflective index measurement indicated that the methanol permeability of unmodified Nafion 117 was 2.3 x 10(-6) cm2/s at RT while that of the Nafion/ZrSPP membrane (approximately 50 micro/m thick) decreased to 6.5 x 10(-7) cm2/s. Nafion/ZrSPP (10 wt%) nanocomposite membranes delivered constant power output 104 mW/cm2 at 0.4 V under 1 M MeOH/dry air at 70 degrees C even in the wide range of air stoichiometry from 1.5 to 3.0.
Humidity-Independent Gas Sensors Using Pr-Doped In2O3 Macroporous Spheres: Role of Cyclic Pr3+/Pr4+ Redox Reactions in Suppression of Water-Poisoning Effect (2019)

Pure and 3-12 at. % Pr-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> macroporous spheres were fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their acetone-sensing characteristics under dry and humid conditions were investigated to design humidity-independent gas sensors. The 12 at. % Pr-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensor exhibited approximately the same acetone responses and sensor resistances at 450 °C regardless of the humidity variation, whereas the pure In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibited significant deterioration in gas-sensing characteristics upon the change in the atmosphere, from dry to humid (relative humidity: 80%). Moreover, the 12 at. % Pr-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensor exhibited a high response to acetone with negligible cross responses to interfering gases (NH<sub>3</sub>, CO, benzene, toluene, NO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>) under the highly humid atmosphere. The mechanism for the humidity-immune gas-sensing characteristics was investigated by X-ray photoelectron and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies together with the phenomenological gas-sensing results and discussed in relation with Pr<sup>3+</sup>/Pr<sup>4+</sup> redox pairs, regenerative oxygen adsorption, and scavenging of hydroxyl groups.
Convenient Preparations of Several N-Nitroso Compounds (1979)

Abstract Nitroso compounds are receiving a great deal of attention lately as potential carcinogenic agents and also as carcinostatic agents. There are numerous reports in the current literature that attest to the potent mutagenic and carcinogenic effects produced by a whole host of N-nitroso compounds. Many of these compounds may be found in the environment as pollutants and others may be generated in vivo when the appropriate precursors are consumed. Such may be the case for the compound nitrosocarbaryl (2b), which has been shown to be a powerful mutagenic agent1 and can be produced in acid solution, similiar to that of the stomach's2,3, when sodium nitrite (a common food additive) and carbaryl (1b) (a commonly used pesticide) are combined. Another interesting possibility is that non-mutagenic compounds may be activated to become strong mutagenic agents by the in vivo transfer of the nitroso moiety from some other innocuous nitroso compound that has been previously or concurrently ingested4. It is known that the N-nitroso moiety must be present for mutagenic activity to exist, but the actual mechanism for mutagenis is still little understood.
Optimal Detection and Performance of Distributed Sensor Systems (1987)

Global optimization of a distributed sensor detection system withfusion is considered, where the fusion rule and local detectors aresolved to obtain overall optimal performance. This yields coupledequations for the local detectors and the fusion center.The detection performance of the distributed system with fusionis developed. The globally optimal system performance is comparedwith two suboptimal systems. Receiver operating characteristics(ROCs) are computed numerically for the problem of detecting aknown signal embedded in non-Gaussian noise.
Performance test of voltammetric analyzers with a diode based dummy cell (1994)

Abstract An electrochemical dummy cell, consisting of the usual two resistors and a capacitor, and a combination of several diodes simulate diffusion currents in the case of direct current (DC) and differential current measurements. This dummy cell may be used as a qupck electrochemical analyzer tester to determine the electronic noise level and the operation of the different polarographic modes.
Unsaturated ester resins (2006)

Abstract Vinyl ester resins (VERs) are often described as a cross between unsaturated polyester resins and epoxy resins. VERs offer an upgrade to epoxy resins, and they tend to be selected when chemical and temperature resistance is required. This research was aimed at developing the synthesis of unsaturated ester resins (UERs), which are similar to VERs. UERs were synthesized by the addition of dihydrodicyclopentadienyl hydrogen maleate to the terminal epoxy groups in low‐molecular‐weight bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin epoxy resins. The effect of urethanization of UERs on the properties of the crosslinked polymer was also investigated. As crosslinking monomers, styrene and glycol dimethacrylates were used. The following properties of cured UERs were determined: the heat deflection temperature, alkali resistance, and the mechanical strength. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2627–2631, 2006
Reliability of submicron InGaAs/InP DHBT on Accelerated Aging Tests under Thermal and Electrical stresses (2011)

International audience
Urotensin-II and the cardiovascular system – the importance of developing modulators (2004)

Urotensin-II (U-II) potently contracts some large isolated blood vessels and cardiac tissue. However, the maximum effects on human blood vessels and heart are relatively small. U-II dilates human resistance arteries. It markedly decreased myocardial function and increased vascular resistance in cynomolgus monkeys, but the major effects of U-II have not been observed in healthy humans. A major role for U-II in human cardiovascular disease has not been clearly established despite studies in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, essential hypertension and diabetes. Peptide and non-peptide agonists and antagonists of the U-II receptor are being developed and will be useful in the characterisation of the effects of U-II, and may have some therapeutic potential.
Fructosyltransferase Activities in the Leaf Growth Zone of Tall Fescue (1995)

High concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates, mainly fructan, accumulate in the growth zone of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) leaf blades. We studied sucrose-hydrolyzing activities in the leaf growth zone because of their importance in carbohydrate partitioning. Sucrose hydrolysis in the basal 1.5 cm was largely due to fructosyltransferases, which had activities up to 10 times higher than in fully developed leaf tissue. Three fructosyltransferases (F1, F2, and F3) were purified from the leaf growth zone. Each synthesized, from either sucrose or 1-kestose, a mixture of trisaccharides and higher-order oligofructans identical with the low-degree of polymerization fructan extracted from similar plant tissue. The highly purified fructosyltransferases retained ability (13%) to transfer fructose from sucrose to water. Time-dependent and substrate-dependent studies, using sucrose as the substrate, showed proportional production of fructose and glucose, indicating that both products are from the same enzyme. Fructosyltransferase was calculated to contribute about half the total transfer of fructose to water in the basal 1.5 cm. Invertase activity increased to near 2.0 cm when fructosyl transfer to sucrose and other oligofructans decreased. Invertase was the major activity for sucrose hydrolysis at positions distal to 3.0 cm.
<title>Percutaneous intracardiac surgery with cardioscopic guidance</title> (1992)

The feasibility of a novel catheter system of percutaneous transluminal cardiomyotomy and valvulotomy was examined in anesthetized dogs. The system was composed of a guiding balloon catheter, a cardioscope, and a pair of scissors with or without guide wire at the distal tip. The system without guide wire was introduced into the left ventricle, the balloon was inflated and was pushed against the endocardial surface. After confirmation by cardioscopy, the targeted tissues were incised by the scissors. By these maneuvers, the trabeculae, papillary muscles, and chordae were incised or transected in 7, 6, and 6 of 7 dogs, respectively. The system without guide wire was advanced to the aortic root, the guide wire was introduced into the left ventricle to prevent dislocation of the catheter system, the balloon was manipulated against the aortic cusp and the cusp was successfully incised with cardioscopic guidance in all five dogs. The results indicate that percutaneous transluminal cardiomyotomy and valvulotomy can be performed with cardioscopic guidance.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Bifunctional Molecular Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Polar Functionalities (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Skeletal Maturation (1999)

The term “skeletal maturation” refers to the developmental process by which the skeleton is gradually transformed from cartilage into bone. There is a concordance between the rate of skeletal maturation and the rates of other developmental processes, such as linear growth, the decline in growth potential, and puberty. Thus, the radiographic assessment of skeletal maturation is a useful indicator of the overall developmental tempo. The rate of skeletal maturation is determined by endocrine, paracrine, nutritional, and genetic factors. Factors extrinsic to the skeleton tend to regulate bone growth and bone maturation in a concordant fashion. This correlation between skeletal growth and skeletal maturation has diagnostic implications; short stature with delayed bone maturation suggests a defect extrinsic to the skeleton. The rate of skeletal maturation also correlates with the rate of loss of growth potential. This correlation is used clinically to predict final height. There is an additional concordance between the rates of skeletal maturation and pubertal development in many pathological conditions. Possible biological explanations for these various concordances are discussed.
Polyacetylene Glycosides from Gymnaster koraiensis. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.