gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffractometry and reflection profiles of anisotropic mosaic and split crystals (1983)

Both anisotropic mosaicity and splitting of a crystal is described by means of a 'rotational cluster' model with a predominant rotation about a vector A. Procedures are outlined to obtain A from intensity scans made at different orientations about the diffraction vector, and to compute for all reflections those diffractometer setting angles for which the effect from anisotropy or splitting upon the profile is minimal. The relevant Fortran programs, ANIVEC and ANIMO, for our Enraf-Nonius CAD4F four-circle diffractometer system are available.
Left atrial late gadolinium enhancement and mitral regurgitation in subjects with atrial fibrillation (2015)

Background Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is used to evaluate fibrosis of the left atrium (LA) in subjects with atrial fibrillation (AF). LA fibrosis by LGE has been shown to correlate with LA volumes. However, within AF subjects, the association of mitral regurgitation (MR) with LA LGE is not well described. Pathological studies have demonstrated atrial fibrosis and tissue disorganization in cardiac diseases, including valvular disease. The current study evaluates the relationship between LA LGE, LA volumes, and MR in subjects with AF.
Behavior and Splice Length of Deformed Bars Lapping in Spirally Confined Grout-Filled Corrugated Duct (2019)

This paper discusses the behavior of grouted noncontact lap splices under monotonic tension load. Deformed bars lapped through a grout-filled corrugated duct, and a spiral reinforcement was preembedded in the connection to improve tensile strength of the splice. The experimental results show that bond failure splices are always failed by the pullout of the preembedded bar other than the grouted bar. As the spiral pitch distance is not greater than 75 mm, the tensile strength generally improves with the increment of volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio due to the higher confinement provided by the spiral bar. Compared with the spiral bar diameter, the spiral pitch distance provides more dominant effect on the tensile strength of the connection. Based on the experimental results and the development length specified in ACI 318-14, a revised equation with a reduction factor of 0.76 was proposed to predict the required minimum lap length of spirally confined lap splice.
Identification and functional characterization of a poly(A)-binding protein from Leishmania infantum (LiPABP) (2010)

Gene expression regulation in Leishmania has been related to post-transcriptional events involving mainly sequences present in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. PABPs are high-affinity poly(A)-binding proteins that are implicated in the regulation of translation initiation, RNA stability and other important biological processes. We describe a PABP from Leishmania infantum (LiPABP) that shows a very high homology with PABPs from other eukaryotic organisms, including mammals and other parasites. LiPABP conserves the main domains present in other PABPs, maintains poly(A)-binding properties and is phosphorylated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Using the sera from dogs infected with L. infantum, we demonstrate that LiPABP is expressed in L. infantum promastigotes.
Multiplexed, Targeted Gene Expression Profiling and Genetic Analysis on Electronic Microarrays (2002)

Microelectronic array technology provides specific target detection and quantification with advantages over currently available methodologies for targeted gene expression profiling and combinatorial genomics testing.
Advanced Thermal Conductivity Characterization with Implications for Thermal Control Strategies during Fast Charging (2020)

Extreme fast charging lithium ion batteries require aggressive thermal management, which keeps the maximum cell temperature below abusive thresholds without derating the charging power. The importance of thermal management is further increased for many new cell designs with improved energy density which often brings along weaker thermal performance. For instance, reducing the volume fraction of electrochemically inactive materials like the current collectors reduces the thermal conductivity and increases the heat generation. Aggressive cooling is achieved by increasing the heat convection coefficients between the cell surface and the heat transfer medium. With high heat convection coefficients, the internal thermal conductivity of the electrode-separator-composite determines the maximum cell temperature. Consequently, the thermal conductivity needs to be characterized accurately for fast charging investigations, which includes dependencies on parameters like temperature or compression load at the cell surface. Therefore, this work presents thermal conductivity measurements at different cell temperatures and compression loads with their impact on fast charging. The thermal conductivity of a large-format NMC-111 graphite cell with a flat-wound jelly roll and prismatic PHEV2 hardcase made of aluminum alloy is measured at temperatures between -10 and 50 °C and at external compression loads between 37 and 74 kPa. This compression range is defined by the manufacturer at the largest cell surfaces to counter swelling of the jelly roll. Based on the guarded heater principle, a precise thermal conductivity test bench is designed and validated by a stainless steel reference material. For deriving the thermal conductivity of the electrode-separator-composite from the full-cell measurements, the thermal conductivity of the hardcase has to be compensated. For this purpose, a fast and simple technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of the hardcase by using electrical resistance measurements and applying theories like the law of Wiedemann–Franz is introduced. According to the measurement result, the thermal conductivity increases by 13.6% at 20 °C when the compression load rises from 37 to 74 kPa, which is mainly attributed to reduced thermal contact resistances between the cell layers. At constant compression and rising mean temperature, the thermal conductivity decreases by more than -1% per °C compared to the value at 20 °C. Both findings affect the cell internal temperature rise during aggressive cooling and therefore the power-derating events due to overheating. Based on these findings, implications for thermal control strategies during fast charging are discussed. Figure: Thermal conductivity of NMC-G electrode-separator-composite in through-plane direction at different cell temperatures and compression loads at the two largest surfaces of a prismatic PHEV2 cell. Figure 1
Arrays of spatially structured non-diffracting optical beams (2020)

Non-diffracting optical beams and their structured versions have been extensively studied, theoretically and experimentally, over the last two decades, rendering important applications in fields such as imaging, microscopy, remote sensing, optical manipulation, free space optics, etc. In this paper, we theoretically construct arrays of non-coaxial structured non-diffracting beams by using the so-called frozen wave method. We also develop techniques based on polarization allocations and apodizations to mitigate undesirable interferences among neighboring beams. Our results can find interesting applications in all fields that benefit from the use of non-diffracting beams.
Tunable electromagnetic bandgap structures based on ferroelectric films (2004)

This work reports on an experimental tunable electromagnetic bandgap array based on SrTiO/sub 3/ (STO) films grown on a Pt coated silicon substrate. The structure, which is a periodically loaded coplanar waveguide (CPW), has its first rejection band between 30 and 40 GHz. Without DC bias, the center of the rejection band is at 35.5 GHz and the insertion loss is 38 dB. At applied 20 V DC bias the center frequency tunes about 4% due to the change in dielectric constant of STO.
Genetic depletion of glutathione peroxidase-1 potentiates nephrotoxicity induced by multiple doses of cocaine via activation of angiotensin II AT1 receptor (2016)

We investigated the possible roles of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and oxidative stress responsive nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in renal damage caused by multiple doses of cocaine in glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 gene-depleted mice. Treatment with cocaine resulted in significant increases in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and pro-apoptotic Bax expression and decreases in the ratio of glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG), GSH-dependent enzymes, and anti-apoptotic factors in the kidney. These alterations were more pronounced in GPx-1 knockout (-/-) mice than in wild type (WT) mice. Notably, the AT1R antagonist losartan protected against the renal toxicity induced by cocaine, whereas the NFκB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was not protective. The toxicity was more pronounced in GPx-1 (-/-) mice than in WT mice. The protective effect afforded by losartan against cocaine toxicity appeared to be more sensitive in GPx-1 (-/-) mice than that in WT mice. These losartan-mediated protective effects were inhibited by the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, indicating that losartan provides significant protection from cocaine-induced renal toxicity through PI3K/Akt signaling. Our results suggest that genetic inhibition of GPx-1 potentiates cocaine-induced renal damage via activation of AT1R by inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling, and that AT1R can be a therapeutic target against renal toxicity induced by cocaine.
Distinct Epigenetic Domains Separated by a CTCF Bound Insulator between the Tandem Genes, BLU and RASSF1A (2010)

Our study dissects the potential transcriptionally important CpG sites for RASSF1A and BLU genes at the sequence level and demonstrates that CTCF binding to the insulator of BLU gene provides a barrier activity within separate epigenetic domains of the juxtaposed BLU and RASSF1A loci in the 3p21.3 gene cluster region.
Procedural Safety and Predictors of Acute Outcome of Intracoronary Administration of Progenitor Cells in 775 Consecutive Procedures Performed for Acute Myocardial Infarction or Chronic Heart Failure (2013)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00962364, NCT00284713, and NCT00289822.
Synthesis and in Vivo Biological Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeting Small Molecules for Positron Emission Tomography (2016)

Tumor hypoxia contributes resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, while oxygenated tumors are sensitive to these treatments. The indirect detection of hypoxic tumors is possible by targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), an enzyme overexpressed in hypoxic tumors, with sulfonamide-based imaging agents. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of novel gallium-radiolabeled small-molecule sulfonamides targeting CA IX. The compounds display favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics and stability. We demonstrate that our lead compound, [(68)Ga]-2, discriminates CA IX-expressing tumors in vivo in a mouse xenograft model using positron emission tomography (PET). This compound shows specific tumor accumulation and low uptake in blood and clears intact to the urine. These findings were reproduced in a second study using PET/computed tomography. Small molecules investigated to date utilizing (68)Ga for preclinical CA IX imaging are scarce, and this is one of the first effective (68)Ga compounds reported for PET imaging of CA IX.
Return to Sport Following Hemiarthroplasty With Concentric Reaming Versus Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Matched Pair Analysis (2019)

The purpose of this study was to establish functional outcomes regarding return to sport activity for patients receiving anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) vs the ream and run procedure (hemi RR). Patients who underwent hemi RR and who underwent aTSA with a polyethylene glenoid component for end-stage glenohumeral arthritis were retrospectively identified from 2000 to 2014. Patients were matched regarding age, body mass index, sex, and hand dominance. Patients were surveyed to determine their level of sport and satisfaction after surgery. At a mean follow-up of 69.1±24.8 months, a total of 26 hemi RR and 30 aTSA patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Mean±SD age at the time of surgery was 53.0±8.5 years. There was no statistical difference between the two cohorts regarding patients who reported no postoperative problems (69.2% vs 76.7%, P=.529), reoperation (11.5% vs 6.7%, P=.522), return to overall sport (94.4% vs 86.4%, P=.395), return to high-demand upper-extremity sport (92.3% vs 81.3%, P=.390), and return to same or better level of intensity sport (83.3% vs 72.7%, P=.424). Patients returned to sport at a mean of 7.5±5.7 months and 6.2±3.6 months in the hemi RR and aTSA cohorts, respectively (P=.485). Radiographic measurements of medialization (mean, -2.4±5.0 vs -2.2±5.7; P=.913) and postoperative decentering (mean, 3.6%±2.6% vs 4.3%±3.3%; P=.795) were equivalent for the two cohorts. Hemi RR was found to have high and equivalent rates of sporting outcomes, clinical outcomes, and radiographic outcomes compared with aTSA. As appropriately indicated patients are counseled for surgery, realistic expectations regarding sports should be discussed. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(5):276-284.].
A Medium for Enhancement of Chlamydospore Formation in Fusarium Species (1988)

"A Medium for Enhancement of Chlamydospore Formation In Fusarium Species." Mycologia, 80(1), pp. 108–109Key Words: Fusariumchlamydospore
In Situ Single Electrode Studies of an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (2012)

We use polarization curves and a dynamic hydrogen reference electrode (DHE) to study the effects of electrode material and state of charge on all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) performance. The current trend in studying these systems is to evaluate new materials or designs based on voltage, charge and power efficiency metrics. However, such characterization does not allude to which processes may be limiting performance or which electrode dominates performance loss. At moderate state of charge, the negative electrode dominated cell overpotential at all current densities. As state of charge increased, the overpotential was dominated less by the negative electrode. Thicker carbon paper showed better performance while partially wet-proofed carbon paper had a negative impact on performance compared to untreated carbon paper. Through improvements made to the design and materials, VRB power output increased from 77 mW/cm2 to 404 mW/cm2.
Gas chromatographic injector attachment for the direct insertion and removal of a porous polymer sorption trap (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas chromatographic injector attachment for the direct insertion and removal of a porous polymer sorption trapHarney. Peterson, Gary A. Eiceman, Larry R. Field, and Robert E. SieversCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 14, 2152–2154Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50036a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50036a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determinants of Mental Health Stigma Among Pharmacy Students in Australia, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, India and Latvia (2009)

The extent to which students held stigmatizing attitudes was similar in each country, however, the determinants of stigma were different. Pharmacy education may need to be tailored to address the determinants of stigma in each country.
Effect of glycerol on spreading and drying of vision® droplets containing Silwet® L‐77: Relevance to rainfastness and herbicidal activity of glyphosate on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) (1996)

Abstract Literature information indicates that Silwet® L‐77 acted as a rainfastening adjuvant and provided increased herbicidal activity on quackgrass. However, previous results on trembling aspen were inconclusive, probably due to the high dosage rate (1.0 kg glyphosate/ha) used, or due to excessive spreading and rapid drying of droplets. This paper describes a laboratory study conducted in 1990 using a low dosage rate of 0.4 kg glyphosate/ha to optimize the concentrations of a humectant adjuvant (glycerol), and a field study conducted in 1991 using the optimum concentration of glycerol to examine rainfastness and herbicidal activity of glyphosate under field conditions. The laboratory study involved application of Vision® (a formulation concentrate of glyphosate) droplets with and without Silwet and glycerol, onto trembling aspen leaf discs to determine the optimum spray mix based on maximum droplet spreading, drying time and rainfastness. The optimum spray mix (Vision + 0.15% of Silwet and 0.25% of glycerol) was applied onto young aspen trees in the field. For comparison, Vision alone, and Vision + 0.15% Silwet were also applied. Simulated rainfall (10 mm) was applied at 24 h after herbicide treatment. Glyphosate residues on foliage were analyzed using a fluorometric method, and the amount washed off in rain was determined. The data indicated that initial deposits on foliage were nearly quantitative (ca 95%). The average pre‐rain residues were 81 % of the applied amount for all three mixes. The post‐rain residues were: Vision 25%, Vision + Silwet 39%, and Vision + Silwet + glycerol 49% of applied. The mortalities of the aspen trees were: Vision 42%, Vision + Silwet 49%, and Vision + Silwet + glycerol 69%. The data indicated significant increase in mortality of the trees due to the addition of glycerol to the Vision‐Silwet spray mix.
Threshold Ferritin Values to Predict Control of Liver Iron Burden in Thalassemia (2016)

Abstract Transfusion-dependent (TD) and non-transfusion dependent (NTD) forms of thalassemia are associated with progressive iron overload reflected by increase in serum ferritin and liver iron concentration (LIC). Despite the adoption of non-invasive methods, measurement of LIC is available to only a minority of patients or can only be performed annually. Maintenance of low systemic iron usually depends on frequent determination of ferritin, a less reliable marker whose level can vary among individuals with similar LIC. We evaluated the relationship between LIC and ferritin in TD and NTD (including un-transfused (NT) or intermittently transfused (TI)) individuals to determine the validity of average annual ferritin to identify inadequate control of liver iron (defined as LIC &gt;7 mg/g dry-liver-weight). After excluding individuals with active hepatitis C virus infection, the LIC (measured by Ferritometer) and serum ferritin values were available from 115 TD (729 observations), 36 TI (139 observations) and 14 NT (28 observations) individual patients. The median (range) ferritin and LIC were 1,684 (91-14,155) ng/mL and 10.2 (0.14- 59.4) mg/g for TD, 469 (50-4,536) ng/mL and 8.8 (2.4-33.1) mg/g for TI, and 407 (30-1,061) ng/mL and 5.7 (1.3-22.8) mg/g for NT groups, respectively. The slope of the regression line between ferritin and LIC was significantly different between the 3 groups (p=0.019), being lowest in TD, intermediate in TI, and highest in NT. The predicted LIC for ferritin level of 1000 ng/mL was 8.1 mg/g for TD, 12.1 mg/g for TI, and 13.5 mg/g for NT groups. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that in NTD group (NT+TI), a ferritin threshold of &gt;200, &gt;300 and &gt;500 ng/mL failed to correctly identify 7%, 21% and 38% of individuals with LIC &gt;7 mg/g, respectively. In contrast, in the TM group, these ferritin values were associated with false negative rate of 0%, 0% and 2%, respectively. In a subgroup analysis restricted to TM patients with ferritin &lt;1,000 ng/mL, LIC varied from 0.14 mg/g to 21.1 mg/g. ROC analysis in this subgroup showed no ability of ferritin to discriminate between individuals with LIC &lt;3 mg/g or ≥3 mg/g (AUC 0.54, P=n.s.). In conclusion, transfusions significantly alter the relationship between serum ferritin and LIC in thalassemia. In TM individuals, ferritin levels do not identify those with very low LIC. NTD patients with seemingly safe serum ferritin levels may have clinically significant hemosiderosis and be at risk for organ injury. These relationships should be factored into making decisions about screening or treatment of iron overload in untransfused or intermittently transfused individuals with thalassemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Genetic Parameters (2015)

Genetic parameters can be represented explicitly in genome-scale models enabling the assessment of their effects on phenotypic functions. There are three issues associated with genetic parameters discussed in this chapter. First, the analysis of the consequences of the loss of function (LOF) or gain of gene function (GOF) will be explored. For essential genes, it is important to understand how the loss of a gene product may lead to cell death. Further, sophisticated methods have been developed to assess the minimal perturbation of phenotypic states resulting from non-lethal gene knock-outs. Second, the simultaneous removal of two genes allows one to address issues related to synthetic lethality and epistasis in general. Such understanding has implications for many studies, such as finding drug targets. Third, sequence variations in genes or their gene dosage, i.e., gene copy number, can determine their activity level. Gene dosage may be of interest in many situations, ranging from imprinted genes in humans (where one copy is active), to aneuploidy in cancer, to cell line engineering (where gene dosage can be manipulated). The coordinated functions of genes can be assessed through reaction co-sets, and genetic variations in a co-set may have similar consequences on network functions, and thus phenotypic states. The following contains some examples of how to describe genetic parameters within GEMs; there will undoubtedly be many more applications developed in the future.