gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive multiple frequency tracking algorithm: Detection of stable atrial fibrillation sources from standard 12-lead ECG (2009)

The detection of stable atrial fibrillation (AF) sources remains one of the major challenges in the AF management. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of detecting stable AF sources from (non invasive) data simulated by means of numerical procedures. By using a 3D biophysical model of the atria (Courtemanche membrane kinetics) and a compartmental torso model, 21 different episodes of AF were generated (transmembrane potentials through out the tissue and 12-lead ECGs). The stability of the episodes was established by visual inspection of the electrical propagation over the epicardial surface (group A: without a stable source, group B: with stable sources). This evaluation constitutes our gold standard. We hypothesized that during AF sustained by stable sources ECG signals include significant components at the frequencies related to the cycle length of these respective AF sources. These frequency components were jointly estimated on the 12-lead ECGs with an adaptive multiple frequency tracking algorithm. The ratio between the sum of the estimated frequency component powers and the sum of the 12-lead ECG signal powers was used as the discrimination feature r to estimate the number of sources. Nine simulated AF episodes were characterized by complex dynamics (group A). Group B comprised 11 simulated AF episodes having a single stable source and one having two stable sources. The r values observed were: group A, r = 0.05 ± 0.04 (mean ± SD) and group B, r = 0.28 ± 0.17. With a discrimination feature threshold set at 0.14, no stable AF source was detected in group A. Eight single AF sources were detected among the 11 ones of group B. The case with two AF sources in group B was also correctly classified. This corresponds to 85.7% correct classification, 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The proposed approach provides information about the presence stable AF sources. This information may lead to a more accurate identification of patients suitable for specific AF ablation procedures.
Spectroscopic Combustion Temperature Measurements: Effect Of Optical Depth In Black Liquor Recovery Boilers (1988)

Results of a study directed toward using observed spectroscopic features for the measurement of temperature in the combustion zone of recovery boilers are described. Emissions of the potassium doublets at 404 and 766 nanometers (nm) have been observed in recovery boilers and temperature and self absorption effects on lines shapes have been modeled. Predicted emission line shapes are strongly dependent upon predicted concentration values of potassium. Proper selection of concentration ranges results in good qualitative agreement of predicted line shapes with those observed in boilers and laboratory flame experiments. These results indicate that the temperature dependence of potassium emissions is complicated by self-absorption effects which limit the optical pathlength over which emissions are practically observable. Temperature measurement may be feasible using pattern recognition methods coupled with algorithms based on an emission model and realistic estimates of the emitting species concentration.
A Decade (1989–1998) of Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in 2 Populations Residing in 1 Geographic Location: Implications for Vaccine Choice (2001)

During 1 decade (1989-1998), data on invasive pneumococcal disease were collected prospectively to assess the burden of disease among Jewish and Bedouin children in southern Israel and the potential reduction in illness that can be achieved by using conjugate vaccines. Data on 513 children <15 years old with bacteriologically proven invasive pneumococcal disease were obtained. Among Jewish and Bedouin children <5 years old, incidence rates were 45 and 139 cases per 100,000 child-years of observation, respectively. Jewish and Bedouin children differed in clinical manifestations, seasonal patterns of disease, serotype distribution, and antibiotic susceptibility rates. The potential coverage by 7-, 9-, and 11-valent conjugate vaccines is 41%, 67%, and 71%, respectively, for Jewish children and 22%, 63%, and 65%, respectively, for Bedouin children. The 9- and 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have the potential to substantially decrease invasive pneumococcal disease in southern Israel.
Single-Chip Tri-Band WCDMA/HSDPA Transceiver without External SAW Filters and with Integrated TX Power Control (2008)

With growing WCDMA adoption there is a strong demand to reduce the cost of WCDMA terminals. Contributing to the relatively high WCDMA terminal cost is the low integration of today's WCDMA radios. Since WCDMA is an FDD system the transmitter and receiver are on simultaneously. A duplexer is used to isolate the receiver from the transmit signal but the isolation of small low-cost duplexers is limited, with a guaranteed isolation at the TX frequency of not more than 52dB. For a Class-3 terminal with 2dB TX path loss due to duplexer and switch, the power at the PA output is +26dBm and the receiver will see a TX leakage of up to -26dBm. Today's state-of- the-art WCDMA transceivers deal with the TX blocking problem by using an external TX SAW filter to eliminate TX noise in the RX band and an external LNA and RX SAW filter to achieve sufficient RX linearity. A typical tri-band transceiver requires 6 SAW filters and 3 LNAs. The tri-band WCDMA transceiver presented here eliminates all external SAW filters and LNAs and achieves excellent performance with standard low-cost duplexers.
Giving babies a better chance (2009)

Each year, more than one-half million premature babies are born in the United States, meaning they come into the world after less than 37 full weeks in the womb. They are tiny and fragile and often have underdeveloped lungs and weak immune systems. They can have problems digesting food and gaining weight, and many develop necrosis or sepsis, a type of blood poisoning. When these babies are born in rural or remote towns, often hours away from the nearest neonatal intensive care unit, the situation is even more dire. The doctors who care for these babies are faced with extremely difficult and complex decisions about how to treat them, whether to transport them, and how best to monitor their condition and stave off infection.
Nonideal Behavior of Analog Multipliers for Chaos Generation (2015)

In this brief, nonideal behaviors of analog multipliers are explicitly taken into account in the design of nonlinear electronic circuits. The nonidealities of the analog multipliers led to further nonlinear terms that, instead of being considered as parasitic effects, are here explicitly accounted for and exploited to generate new complex dynamics, including chaos. In fact, despite the accuracy of analog devices, nonideal effects are always present, even if often neglected. An analog circuit based on a new nonlinear system is designed and tested, in which the nonideal terms in the multiplier input/output relation are essential for the onset of chaos, thus demonstrating the suitability of the approach.
RECONFIGURABLE COMPLEX DIGITAL DELTA-SIGMA MODULATOR SYNTHESIS FOR DIGITAL WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS (2008)

Digital generation of radio-frequency signals is a key concept of software defined radio. One of the main difficulties for multi-standard transmitter design based on Delta-Sigma (∆Σ) modulators is to respect the different specifications in terms of out-of-band spurious emission. Focusing on the TX path of a UMTS/DCS1800 mobile phone, we propose hereinafter an efficient method aiming at synthesizing a complex 5th-order ∆Σ modulator which respects the targeted standards spurious specifications. The use of a complex noise transfer function allows a better optimization of noise shaping. In addition, this approach eases the reconfiguration of the modulator, and, it is a powerful tool for all order (real and complex) ∆Σ modulators synthesis, as it will be illustrated. 1.
The Impact of Non-Andrological Medications on Semen Characteristics, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters (2023)

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of medications on oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and semen characteristics in males with idiopathic infertility. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: In this observational case-control clinical study, 50 men with idiopathic infertility were enrolled, of whom 38 (the study group) were on pharmacological treatment and 12 made up the control group. The study group was clustered according to the medications (Group A: anti-hypertensive, <i>n</i> = 10; Group B: thyroxine, <i>n</i> = 6; Group C: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, <i>n</i> = 13; Group D: miscellaneous, <i>n</i> = 6; Group E: lipid-lowering drugs, <i>n</i> = 4). Semen analyses were performed according to WHO 2010 guidelines. Interleukins (IL)-10, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 alpha were determined using a solid-phase sandwich immunoassay. The diacron reactive oxygen metabolites, d-ROMs test, was performed by means of a colorimetric determination of reactive oxygen metabolites and measured with a spectrophotometer. Beta-2-microglobulin and cystatin-C were measured with an immunoturbidimetric analyzer. <i>Results</i>: No differences between the study and control groups for age and macroscopic and microscopic semen characteristics were found, nor were any differences found after clustering according to the drug categories. IL-1 alpha and IL-10 were significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group; IL-10 was significantly lower in groups A, B, C and D compared with the control group. Furthermore, a direct correlation between IL-1 alpha, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and leukocytes was found. <i>Conclusions</i>: Despite the sample size limitations, the data suggest a correlation between drug use and activation of the inflammatory response. This could clarify the pathogenic mechanism of action for several pharmacological classes on male infertility.
P06.06: Natural history of amniotic fluid volume discordance in monochorionic‐diamniotic twins (2005)

To describe the natural history of amniotic fluid volume discordance in monochorionic-diamniotic twins without twin–twin transfusion syndrome. TTTS was defined as a combined maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) of ≥ 8 cm in one sac and ≤ 2 cm in the other. Patients with non-TTTS were classified as follows: isolated oligohydramnios (iOLIGO) (MVPs ≤ 8 cm, ≤ 2 cm), isolated polyhydramnios (iPOLY) (MVPs ≥ 8 cm, ≥ 2 cm), or simple AFV discordance (sAFVd) (≤ 8 cm, ≥ 2 cm). Selective intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was defined as an estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile. Weekly ultrasounds were performed to assess the course of the AFV discordance. 1037 were referred from January 1999 to May 2004. 189 patients (18.2%) had non-TTTS. Of these, 78 (41.2%) were iOLIGO, 65 (34.4%) iPOLY, and 46 (24.3%) sAFVd. Complete follow-up data was available in 141/189 (74.5%) patients. Progression to TTTS occurred in 37%, 26%, and 3% of iOLIGO, iPOLY and sAFVd groups, respectively (p < 0.001). iOLIGO patients were more likely to progress to IUGR than iPOLY patients (p < 0.04). Altogether, iOLIGO patients were less likely to remain unchanged (6.5%) than iPOLY (47.8%) or sAFVd (54%) (p < 0.001). Spontaneous normalization of AFV occurred in 6.5%, 2.2% and 54% of iOLIGO, iPOLY and sAFVd patients, respectively (p < 0.001). The average time for the development of TTTS in non-TTTS patients was 6.5 days. Monochorionic twins with AFV discordance may progress to TTTS or IUGR in a significant proportion of cases. Of the non-TTTS groups, iOLIGO patients are more likely to progress to a TTTS-IUGR. Ultrasound examinations weekly for AFV assessment and monthly for fetal growth are indicated in non-TTTS patients.
Adult neurotrophic factor-secreting stem cells: a potential novel therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. (2009)

The induced MSCs are a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, due both to their NTF secretion and their ability to migrate towards the diseased tissue.
Pre-procedural fasting in emergency sedation (2010)

Emergency physicians frequently undertake emergency procedural sedation in non-fasted patients. At present, no UK guidelines exist for pre-procedural fasting in emergency sedation, and guidelines from the North American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) designed for general anaesthesia (GA) are extrapolated to emergency care. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with the aim of evaluating the evidence for risk of pulmonary aspiration during emergency procedural sedation in adults. All abstracts were read and relevant articles identified. Further literature was identified by hand-searching reference sections. Papers were objectively evaluated for relevance against pre-determined criteria. The risk of aspiration in emergency procedural sedation is low, and no evidence exists to support pre-procedural fasting. In several large case series of adult and paediatric emergency procedural sedation, non-fasted patients have not been shown to be at increased risk of pulmonary aspiration. There is only one reported case of pulmonary aspiration during emergency procedural sedation, among 4657 adult cases and 17 672 paediatric cases reviewed. Furthermore, ASA guidelines for fasting prior to GA are based on questionable evidence, and there is high-level evidence that demonstrates no link between pulmonary aspiration and non-fasted patients. There is no reason to recommend routine fasting prior to procedural sedation in the majority of patients at the Emergency Department. However, selected patients believed to be significantly more prone to aspiration may benefit from risk:benefit assessment prior to sedation.
Increased type IV collagenase in lgl-induced invasive tumors of Drosophila. (1994)

Loss of function mutations in the lethal giant larvae (lgl) gene causes neoplastic brain tumors in Drosophila. We have introduced a lacZ reporter gene into lgl mutant cells and used beta-galactosidase expression as a marker to monitor the growth of such tumors following transplantation into wild-type adult hosts. Whereas normal larval brains do not grow when transplanted, mutant brains can develop into enormous tumors that fill the entire abdominal cavity. To investigate whether these tumors are similar to mammalian tumors at the biochemical level, we examined the accumulation of a specific protein which is differentially expressed in mammalian metastatic tumors and is likely to be involved in the invasive and/or metastatic mechanism. Increased accumulation of a 72 kilodalton (kDa) type IV collagenase has been observed in several metastatic human tumors. Using antibodies directed against this human 72 kDa type IV collagenase, we show for the first time that Drosophila has a cross-reacting 49 kDa protein with gelatinase activity. In brains dissected from lgl mutant larvae, the accumulation of this 49 kDa gelatinase of Drosophila is increased compared to the level in brains dissected from wild-type larvae. In tumors derived from mutant brains, all of the cells express this protein. Moreover, the tumor cells that invade host organs express this protein. These data suggest that the metastasis of Drosophila tumor cells is similar to the metastasis of some human tumors at the biochemical level as well as at the cellular level.
Use of the posterolateral approach in the treatment of trimalleolar fractures: indications, pros and cons (2021)

BACKGROUND: Trimalleolar fractures have a worse prognosis compared to bimalleolar fractures. Even if it is clear that the posterior malleolus has a fundamental role in the outcome of these fractures until now there is no consensus on the best way to treat it. When treated surgically the third malleolus can be approached indirectly from anterior or through a direct posterolateral approach. Aim of this study was to analyze indications, strengths and weaknesses of the posterolateral ankle approach to fix the posterior malleolus.METHODS: This is a retrospective case series study conducted in two Italian orthopedic trauma departments over a three-year period. All the patients with a trimalleolar fracture who received surgical stabilization of the third malleolus were included. They were divided into two groups according to the approach chosen for the third fragment stabilization. In group A, percutaneous anterior fixation was performed while in group B fixation through a posterolateral approach was preferred. Patients were followed up clinically by the AOFAS and OMAS score and radiographically until consolidation. Attention was paid to the specific fracture pattern or patient features that led the surgeon to choose one approach in respect to the other with the intent to define indications for the use of the posterolateral approach.RESULTS: Thirty out of 114 patients with a trimalleolar fracture (26%) were treated surgically for the posterior malleolus. There were 13 patients in group A and 17 in group B. Group B showed a higher incidence of acute soft tissue problems; most of the patients of this group received an external fixator in emergency and had skin or wound postoperative problems. CT scan showed to be fundamental for surgical planning and for the choice of the appropriate approach. All the patient in group B had one or more of these CT findings: a big posterior fragment, posterior talar subluxation, an articular fragment interposed in the fracture or involvement of the fibular notch. Despite the different complexity of the fracture pattern and soft tissue involvement, at the final follow up between group A and group B no clinical differences were found.CONCLUSIONS: Posterolateral approach to the ankle is a useful tool in the hands of the trauma surgeon for the treatment of trimalleolar fractures. Major indications are related to soft tissue sufferance and specific fracture pattern. Results have shown to be comparable in terms of complications and clinical scores to the standard anterior approach used for the treatment of less complex fractures. This makes the posterolateral approach safer and to be preferred in these selected cases.
The influence of gas transport and porosity on methane oxidation in soils (1997)

Two porosity‐dependent parameters that affect gas transport in soils, gas diffusivity and air permeability, were assessed as possible indicators of methane oxidation rates. Soil gas diffusivity was measured in intact cores in the laboratory and in situ, and air permeability was measured in intact cores. An in situ method of measuring gas diffusivity was specifically modified for this purpose to use Freon in a portable probe. A laboratory (core) method of measuring gas diffusivity, using krypton 85, was also employed. Measurements were made at the soil surface and at a range of depths within the topsoil, in conjunction with in situ measurements of CH 4 oxidation, in forest, arable, and set‐aside soils at a lowland site and in a forest soil at an upland site, in southeast Scotland. The surface layer of soil caused marked variations in diffusivity measurements, particularly with the in situ method. At the upland site, where a 50‐mm‐thick surface organic layer was present, the in situ technique revealed a sharp decrease in diffusivity with depth. Only where gas transport was low, in the set‐aside soil, was methane oxidation rate influenced by gas transport changes associated with increasing soil water content. Differences in CH 4 oxidation rates related better to core gas diffusivities than to in situ diffusivities. The relationship was best at 50–150 mm depth where diffusivities were lower than at the surface. Air permeability, which is affected more by soil structure than diffusivity, appeared to be as relevant as the latter parameter to CH 4 oxidation rate, particularly for land use changes associated with agriculture. Thus CH 4 oxidation rate appears to be influenced by gas transport properties and soil structure, either at the surface in the litter layer or below the surface where the oxidizing microorganisms are likely to occur.
Pulsed THZ Interrogation of Sofi With Knit Lines in 2D (2006)

This paper examines the scattering effect of knit lines and voids in SOFI through simulations of THz interrogation at normal and non-normal angles of incidence and using focused and non-focused single-cycle plane waves.We model the electromagnetic field using the TE mode of the 2D Maxwell's equations reduced to a wave equation, which are then solved with a finite-element time-domain method.The knit lines are modeled by changing the dielectric constant.
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinolines. Part I. A novel synthesis of 7,8-dihydroquinolin-5(6H)-ones (1976)

The reaction of alkyl-substituted cyclohexane-1,3-diones with β-amino-αβ-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones (R1CO·CR3:CR2·NH2) and, conversely, the reaction of alkyl-substituted 3-aminocyclohex-2-enones with β-ethoxy-αβ-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones (R1CO·CR3:CR2·OEt) gives 2-, 3-, and 4-substituted 7,8-dihydroquinolin-5(6H)-ones which can be readily reduced to the corresponding 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines.
Vasculature segmentation for radio frequency ablation of non-resectable hepatic tumors (2006)

In Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) procedures, hepatic tumor tissue is heated to a temperature where necrosis is insured. Unfortunately, recent results suggest that heating tumor tissue to necrosis is complicated because nearby major blood vessels provide a cooling effect. Therefore, it is fundamentally important for physicians to perform a careful analysis of the spatial relationship of diseased tissue to larger liver blood vessels. The liver contains many of these large vessels, which affect the RFA ablation shape and size. There are many sophisticated vasculature detection and segmentation techniques reported in the literature that identify continuous vessels as the diameter changes size and it transgresses through many bifurcation levels. However, the larger blood vessels near the treatment area are the only vessels required for proper RFA treatment plan formulation and analysis. With physician guidance and interaction, our system can segment those vessels which are most likely to affect the RFA ablations. We have found that our system provides the physician with therapeutic, geometric and spatial information necessary to accurately plan treatment of tumors near large blood vessels. The segmented liver vessels near the treatment region are also necessary for computing isolevel heating profiles used to evaluate different proposed treatment configurations.