gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-? expands progenitor cells of the basal forebrain, but does not promote cholinergic differentiation (1998)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, binds to the EGF-receptor (EGF-R). The early expression and widespread distribution of TGF-alpha and EGF-R in the developing central nervous system (CNS) suggest that TGF-alpha may play a role in the developing CNS. To study possible effects of TGF-alpha on cholinergic differentiation in the basal forebrain, we cultured septal nuclei with adjacent basal forebrain from embryonic rat brain in the presence and absence of TGF-alpha. At the highest dose of TGF-alpha used (100 ng/mL), activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; EC 2.3.1.6) and the number of cholinergic neurons doubled. However, because protein levels tripled, specific ChAT activity actually declined. To determine the mechanism accounting for the increase in ChAT, we labeled dividing precursors present in the cultures with a replication-deficient retrovirus expressing beta-galactosidase in the presence and absence of TGF-alpha. By staining the cultures for both LacZ and ChAT, we determined that the precursor population expanded in size (individually labeled clones contained more cells), but the percentage of cholinergic neurons present in the clones was unchanged. Therefore, while TGF-alpha expands the precursor pool, it does not promote cholinergic differentiation. Interleukin-9, included to prompt neuronal differentiation, did not by itself increase ChAT activity, nor did it enhance the action of TGF-alpha. This was true even when basic fibroblast growth factor was included.
The expression of cytotoxic mediators is altered in mononuclear cells of patients with melanoma and increased by interferon-alpha treatment (2005)

Thus, the expression of cytotoxic mediators is altered in cytotoxic cells of patients with melanoma, and increased under IFN-alpha administration.
5-GHz 32-bit integer execution core in 130-nm dual-V/sub T/ CMOS (2002)

A 32-bit integer execution core containing a Han-Carlson arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), an 8-entry /spl times/ 2 ALU instruction scheduler loop and a 32-entry /spl times/ 32-bit register file is described. In a 130 nm six-metal, dual-V/sub T/ CMOS technology, the 2.3 mm/sup 2/ prototype contains 160 K transistors. Measurements demonstrate capability for 5-GHz single-cycle integer execution at 25/spl deg/C. The single-ended, leakage-tolerant dynamic scheme used in the ALU and scheduler enables up to 9-wide ORs with 23% critical path speed improvement and 40% active leakage power reduction when compared to a conventional Kogge-Stone implementation. On-chip body-bias circuits provide additional performance improvement or leakage tolerance. Stack node preconditioning improves ALU performance by 10%. At 5 GHz, ALU power is 95 mW at 0.95 V and the register file consumes 172 mW at 1.37 V. The ALU performance is scalable to 6.5 GHz at 1.1 V and to 10 GHz at 1.7 V, 25/spl deg/C.
Stochastic shelf-scale modeling framework for the freezing stage in freeze-drying processes (2021)

Freezing and freeze-drying processes are commonly used to improve the stability and thus shelf life of pharmaceutical formulations. Despite strict product quality requirements, batch heterogeneity is widely observed in frozen products, thus potentially causing process failure. Such heterogeneity is the result of the stochasticity of ice nucleation and the variability in heat transfer among vials, which lead to unique freezing histories of individual vials. We present for the first time a modeling framework for large-scale freezing processes of vials on a shelf and publish an open source implementation in the form of a python package on pypi. The model is based on first principles and couples heat transfer with ice nucleation kinetics, thus enabling studies on batch heterogeneity. Ice nucleation is assumed to be an inhomogeneous Poisson process and it is simulated using a Monte Carlo approach. We applied the model to understand the individual pathways leading to batch heterogeneity. Our simulations revealed a novel mechanism how ice nucleation leads to heterogeneity based on thermal interaction among vials. We investigated the effect of various cooling protocols, namely shelf-ramped cooling, holding steps and controlled nucleation, on the nucleation and solidification behavior across the shelf. We found that under rather general conditions holding schemes lead to similar solidification times, as in the case of controlled nucleation, thus identifying a potential pathway for freezing process optimization.
Modeling of ultrashort pulse amplification with gain saturation (2017)

A new method for the realistic modeling of ultrashort pulse amplification under conditions of strong gain saturation has been developed. Both the frequency dependence and the time dependence of the gain are properly taken into account. The method can, for example, be applied to chirped-pulse bulk and fiber amplifiers, but is not restricted to pulses with particular spectral or temporal properties.
Garment-based detection of falls and activities of daily living using 3-axis MEMS accelerometer (2006)

10.1088/1742-6596/34/1/175
Experimental and theoretical study of tetrakis(di-p-tolylformamidinato)dimolybdenum and [Mo2(form)4]+ (form- = [(p-tol)NCHN(p-tol)]-) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental and theoretical study of tetrakis(di-p-tolylformamidinato)dimolybdenum and [Mo2(form)4]+ (form- = [(p-tol)NCHN(p-tol)]-)F. Albert Cotton, Xuejun Feng, and Marek MatuszCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 3, 594–601Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00302a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00302a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Chemical Functionalization of Boron−Nitride Nanotubes with NH3 and Amino Functional Groups (2006)

We have investigated properties of chemically modified boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with NH(3) and four other amino functional groups (NH(2)CH(3), NH(2)CH(2)OCH(3), NH(2)CH(2)COOH, and NH(2)COOH) on the basis of density functional theory calculations. Unlike the case of carbon nanotubes, we found that NH(3) can be chemically adsorbed on top of the boron atom, with a charge transfer from NH(3) to the BNNT. The minimum-energy path calculation shows that a small energy barrier is encountered during the adsorption. Similarly, a small energy barrier (about 0.42 eV) is also involved in the desorption, suggesting that both adsorption and desorption can be realized even at room temperature. For chemically modified BNNTs with various amino functional groups, the adsorption energies are typically less than that of NH(3) on the BNNT. The trend of adsorption-energy change can be correlated with the trend of relative electron-withdrawing or -donating capability of the amino functional groups. Overall, the chemical modification of BNNTs with the amino groups results in little changes in the electronic properties of BNNTs. However, the chemical reactivity of the BNNTs can be enhanced by the chemical modification with the amino group containing -COOH.
Approving Updates in Collaborative Databases (2015)

Data curation activities in collaborative databases mandate that collaborators interact until they converge and agree on the content of their data. Typically, updates by a member of the collaboration are made visible to all collaborators for comments but at the same time are pending the approval or rejection of the data custodian, e.g., the principal scientist or investigator (PI). In current database technologies, approval and authorization of updates is based solely on the identity of the user, e.g., via the SQL GRANT and REVOKE commands. However, in collaborative environments, the updated data is open for collaborators for discussion and further editing and is finally approved or rejected by the PI based on the content of the data and not on the identity of the updater. In this paper, we introduce a cloud-based collaborative database system that promotes and enables collaboration and data curation scenarios. We realize content-based update approval and history tracking of updates inside HBase, a distributed and scalable open-source cluster-based database. The design and implementation as well as a detailed performance study of several approaches for update approval are presented and contrasted in the paper.
Expression and function of a 90-kilodalton homodimeric molecule (10D1 antigen) on human thymocytes. (1990)

The 10D1 Ag is a 90-kDa homodimeric molecule specifically expressed on a subpopulation of human T cells, and is involved in an alternative pathway of T cell activation. In the present study, we have examined the expression and function of the 10D1 Ag on human thymocytes. Three-color FMF analysis showed that the 10D1 Ag was highly expressed on minor but distinct subpopulations of double-negative and CD4 single-positive thymocytes, and weakly on a part of double-positive thymocytes, but not on CD8 single-positive thymocytes. In double-negative thymocytes, the vast majority of 10D1+ cells were immature thymocytes of CD7+2+3- phenotype. Interestingly, 10D1 mAb could induce the proliferation of CD4 single-positive thymocytes in the presence of goat anti-mouse Ig to cross-link the 10D1 Ag. The treatment of thymocytes with OKT4 mAb plus C but not with OKT8 mAb plus C totally abrogated the proliferative response induced by 10D1 mAb, indicating that the 10D1-responsible thymocytes were of CD4+8- phenotype. This 10D1 mAb-induced thymocyte proliferation was perfectly dependent on the endogenous IL-2/IL-2R system since a complete inhibition was observed with anti-IL-2 and anti-IL-2R mAb. The proliferating CD4 single positive thymocytes predominantly expressed the IL-2R alpha (p55) but not a detectable level of the IL-2R beta (p75). These results indicate that, although the 10D1 Ag can be detected on the CD7+2+3-4-8- thymocytes, its functional expression is restricted to a minor more mature CD4+ thymocyte population as well as in peripheral blood T cells, and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Pretreatment of Liquid Silicone Rubbers to Remove Volatile Siloxanes (2007)

Liquid silicone rubbers (LSR) are widely used to create devices with complex shapes for various commercial and consumer applications, because of their many beneficial properties including lubricity, thermal and electrical stability, and aesthetic feel. Regulatory bodies require postcure thermal treatment of silicone elastomers to remove volatile materials: the rate and efficiency of these processes depends on the specific elastomer properties (e.g., cross-link density). We examine in this paper the ability to remove volatiles before curing in the mold, a process that should be much less dependent on specific elastomer formulation. The thermal devolatilization efficiency, optionally under vacuum, of silicone elastomers prior to cure, was compared to different convection heating techniques postcure. Parts A (olefin-functional silicone and the catalyst) and B (Si−H functional silicone) were treated separately or mixed, and the ability to create parts and the requirement for postcure thermal devolatization (200 °C for 4 h) were determined. Themolysis precure permitted the removal of volatile species, but with several key caveats: (i) Loss of volatiles from part B, in particular, was accompanied (especially in moist atmospheres) by premature cure, likely due to cure mechanisms other than hydrosilylation and the thermal loss of inhibitors. Even without part A, the part B samples skinned over after a few hours. (ii) The pot life significantly decreased, particularly as volatiles were removed from part B. (iii) The efficiency of devolatilization can be detrimentally affected by transpirationthe migration of volatiles from one silicone elastomer object to another via contact or gas-phase transfer. Thinner objects both lost and absorbed volatiles by contact and evapotranspiration more effectively than thicker objects. Precure treatment had little effect on the resulting elastomer properties. To establish if precure thermolysis is a viable route to devolatilization, it was determined that the surface/volume ratio of the object to be prepared should be considered, as this takes into account the relative proportion of both thin and thick sections of the complex object to be molded. In the case that the object consists primarily of thick objects, precure devolatilization of part A can be an effective way to mitigate the need for postcure thermal treatment.
Causal coupling inference from multivariate time series based on ordinal\n partition transition networks (2020)

Identifying causal relationships is a challenging yet crucial problem in many\nfields of science like epidemiology, climatology, ecology, genomics, economics\nand neuroscience, to mention only a few. Recent studies have demonstrated that\nordinal partition transition networks (OPTNs) allow inferring the coupling\ndirection between two dynamical systems. In this work, we generalize this\nconcept to the study of the interactions among multiple dynamical systems and\nwe propose a new method to detect causality in multivariate observational data.\nBy applying this method to numerical simulations of coupled linear stochastic\nprocesses as well as two examples of interacting nonlinear dynamical systems\n(coupled Lorenz systems and a network of neural mass models), we demonstrate\nthat our approach can reliably identify the direction of interactions and the\nassociated coupling delays. Finally, we study real-world observational\nmicroelectrode array electrophysiology data from rodent brain slices to\nidentify the causal coupling structures underlying epileptiform activity. Our\nresults, both from simulations and real-world data, suggest that OPTNs can\nprovide a complementary and robust approach to infer causal effect networks\nfrom multivariate observational data.\n
Transoceanic MIMO transmission with coupled-core multicore fibers (2022)

We show transoceanic MIMO transmission experiments using coupled-core 4-core fibers. An offline 12,040-km transmission and a real-time 7,224-km transmission using a real-time MIMO DSP prototype are demonstrated.
Hydroxyurea: the comparator in studies with new anti-JAK2 inhibitors (2009)

The fundamental discovery of V617F and other mutations in the JAK2 gene of most patients with Philadelphia-negative chronic myelo-proliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has changed the diagnostic approach to these disorders and opened the way to a molecularlytargeted therapy.1-6 A new generation of drugs with more or less specific inhibitory activity against JAK2 has been developed and it is now in advanced stages of clinical evaluation.7 As a rule, the efficacy and safety of a new therapeutic agent in a given disease should be compared with the best available treatment in randomized phase III clinical trials. In the most frequent MPNs, that are essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV), the standard myelosuppressive therapy for patients with a high risk of thrombosis is hydroxyurea (HU). This drug is also the first choice for patients with myelofibrosis (MF) and symptomatic splenomegaly or requiring cytoreduction. The purpose of this chapter is to review the expected benefits and risks of HU in patients with MPNs in order to establish the bottom line for comparative studies with new drugs.
Chloridobis{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl}antimony(III) (2009)

In the title compound, [Sb(C(9)H(12)N)(2)Cl], the Sb atom adopts a Ψ-trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The two 2-[(dimethyl-amino)-methyl]-phenyl ligands are coordinated asymmetrically to the Sb atom. The carbon atoms of one of the ligands are disordered over sets of sites with equal occupancy, resulting in two conformational isomers in the crystal. The Sb-C and Sb-N distances in the ordered ligand are: 2.153 (4) and 3.326 (5) Å, respectively. The corresponding distances in the disordered ligand are: 2.103 (5)/2.188 (5) and 2.454 (3) Å, respectively. The structure displays intra-molecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding.
Integral Images Revolutions: Block Matching (2013)

The integral image representation permits to evaluate the sum of image values over rectangular regions of the image with four operations, regardless of the size of the region. It was first proposed in the computer graphics community by Crow'84, in order to efficiently filter texture maps. In this talk we describe the integral image algorithm and study its application in the context of block matching. We comment what kind of matching costs can be implemented with integral images. Then we investigate the tradeoffs and the limits of the performance gain with respect to exhaustive block matching.
Visual Adversarial Examples Jailbreak Aligned Large Language Models (2023)

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrating vision into Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as Flamingo and GPT-4. This paper sheds light on the security and safety implications of this trend. First, we underscore that the continuous and high-dimensional nature of the visual input makes it a weak link against adversarial attacks, representing an expanded attack surface of vision-integrated LLMs. Second, we highlight that the versatility of LLMs also presents visual attackers with a wider array of achievable adversarial objectives, extending the implications of security failures beyond mere misclassification. As an illustration, we present a case study in which we exploit visual adversarial examples to circumvent the safety guardrail of aligned LLMs with integrated vision. Intriguingly, we discover that a single visual adversarial example can universally jailbreak an aligned LLM, compelling it to heed a wide range of harmful instructions that it otherwise would not) and generate harmful content that transcends the narrow scope of a `few-shot' derogatory corpus initially employed to optimize the adversarial example. Our study underscores the escalating adversarial risks associated with the pursuit of multimodality. Our findings also connect the long-studied adversarial vulnerabilities of neural networks to the nascent field of AI alignment. The presented attack suggests a fundamental adversarial challenge for AI alignment, especially in light of the emerging trend toward multimodality in frontier foundation models.
Restoration of Temozolomide Sensitivity by PARP Inhibitors in Mismatch Repair Deficient Glioblastoma is Independent of Base Excision Repair (2020)

PARPi restoration of TMZ chemosensitivity in MSH6-inactivated glioma represents a promising strategy to overcome acquired chemoresistance caused by MMR deficiency. Mechanistically, this PARPi-mediated synthetic phenotype was independent of BER blockage and was not recapitulated by loss of PARP1.
Effects of Environmental Factors and Potential on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys in Chloride Solutions (2000)

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of several Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, which are candidate materials for high-level radioactive waste containers, was evaluated using slow strain rate and fracture mechanics testing. Slow strain rate tests of type 316L stainless steel (SS) and alloy 825 were performed in hot, concentrated chloride solutions (6.2 to 14.0 molal Cl-). SCC of type 316L SS was observed at chloride concentrations equal to or greater than 7.2 molal and temperatures above 95°C, whereas, alloy 825 experienced SCC only in a 14.0 molal Cl− solution at 120 °C. In both materials, SCC does not occur at potentials below the repassivation potential for pitting corrosion (Erp). In fracture mechanics tests using wedge-loaded specimens, alloy 22 was found to be resistant to SCC when tested in 14.0 molal Cl- solutions at 110°C. On the contrary, crack growth was observed in type 316L SS specimens exposed to concentrated chloride solutions at potentials above the Erp. These results suggest that Erp constitutes a lower limit for the critical potential for SCC that can be used for assessing material performance.
Impact of Endoluminal Radiofrequency Ablation on Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer and Cholangiocarcinoma (2022)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a mini-invasive loco-regional ablation technique that is increasingly being used as a palliative treatment for pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Ablation-triggered immune system stimulation has been proposed as a mechanism behind the systemic effects of RFA. The aim of our study was to investigate the immune response to endoluminal biliary RFA. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma randomised to receive endoluminal biliary radiofrequency ablation + stent (19 patients) or stent only (21 patients). We observed an early increase in IL-6 levels and a delayed increase in CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL11 levels as well as an increase in CD8+ and NK cells. However, these changes were not specific to RFA treatment. Explicitly in response to RFA, we observed a delayed increase in serum CXCL1 levels and an early decrease in the number of anti-inflammatory CD206+ blood monocytes. Our study provides the first evidence of endoluminal biliary RFA-based regulation of the systemic immune response in patients with pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. These changes were characterised by a general inflammatory response. RFA-specific activation of the adaptive immune system was not confirmed.