gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Optical Performance of an Implantable Miniaturized Telescope (IMT™) (2000)

Purpose: To design and construct a fully implantable miniaturized telescope (IMT™) for patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with central field loss.Setting: VisionCare Ophthalmic Technologies, Yehud, Israel.Methods: Based on a schematic eye model, a fully implantable miniaturized telescope was designed to accommodate the optical needs of AMD patients. The device was evaluated for optical performance. A carrying device was designed for “in the bag” implantation of the IMT™ after regular cataract extraction. The feasibility of the implantation and the stability of the device were evaluated.Results: A three-time magnification telephoto-lens in the configuration of a Galilean telescope (with the cornea) was designed and constructed with a focus at 50 cm and a visual field of 18° on the retina. The optical device measured 4.4×3.0mm, and was enclosed inside a specially designed PMMA carrying device (size: ϕ=7×4.75mm, modified C-loops 4 ϕ= 13.5mm). Its anatomic position, dimensions and forces were found to fit the human eye, and its optical performance was found to fulfill the requirements of AMD patients with central field loss.Conclusion: A newly designed and tested implantable miniaturized telescope was shown to provide an effective optical solution for AMD patients with central field loss.
Inclusion Body Formation and Neurodegeneration Are Parkin Independent in a Mouse Model of α-Synucleinopathy (2006)

Mutations in the genes coding for alpha-synuclein and parkin cause autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Alpha-synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies, the proteinaceous cytoplasmic inclusions that are the pathological hallmark of idiopathic PD. Lewy bodies appear to be absent in cases of familial PD associated with mutated forms of parkin. Parkin is an ubiquitin E3 ligase, and it may be involved in the processing and/or degradation of alpha-synuclein, as well as in the formation of Lewy bodies. Here we report the behavioral, biochemical, and histochemical characterization of double-mutant mice overexpressing mutant human A53T alpha-synuclein on a parkin null background. We find that the absence of parkin does not have an impact on the onset and progression of the lethal phenotype induced by overexpression of human A53T alpha-synuclein. Furthermore, all major behavioral, biochemical, and morphological characteristics of A53T alpha-synuclein-overexpressing mice are not altered in parkin null alpha-synuclein-overexpressing double-mutant mice. Our results demonstrate that mutant alpha-synuclein induces neurodegeneration independent of parkin-mediated ubiquitin E3 ligase activity in nondopaminergic systems and suggest that PD caused by alpha-synuclein and parkin mutations may occur via independent mechanisms.
In vivo differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells: evidence for multipotent and unipotent subpopulations (2004)

The composition of the conducting airway epithelium varies significantly along the proximal to distal axis, with that of the tracheal epithelium exhibiting the greatest complexity. A number of progenitor cells have been proposed to contribute to the maintenance of this cellular diversity both in the steady state and in response to injury. However, individual roles for each progenitor cell type are poorly defined in vivo. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that basal cells represent a multipotent progenitor cell type for renewal of the injured tracheal epithelium. To understand their contribution to epithelial repair, mice were exposed to naphthalene to induce airway injury and depletion of the secretory cell progenitor pool. Injury resulted in a rapid induction of cytokeratin 14 (K14) expression among the majority of GSI-B4-reactive cells and associated hyperplasia of basal cells. Restoration of depleted secretory cells occurred after 6 days of recovery and was associated with regression of the basal cell hyperplasia, suggesting a progenitor-progeny relationship. Multipotent differentiation of basal cells was confirmed using a bitransgenic ligand-regulated Cre-loxP reporter approach in which expression of a ubiquitously expressed LacZ reporter was activated within K14-expressing progenitor cells during airway repair. With the use of this approach, it was determined that K14-expressing cells include subsets capable of either multipotent or unipotent differentiation in vivo. We conclude that basal cells have the capacity for restoration of a fully differentiated epithelium.
Small-scale demonstration of nonthermal plasma VOC treatment at Tinker AFB (1996)

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology is a promising candidate for the treatment of air pollutants. An NTP is different from a thermal plasma in that high energy electrons are used to create chemically active species without raising the gas to high temperatures. NTPs have the potential of simultaneous removal of multiple air pollutants with better control over treatment byproducts. A silent discharge plasma (SDP) configuration is one method of easily generating such a nonthermal plasma. Silent electrical discharge plasma (dielectric barrier) reactors can decompose gas-phase pollutants by free-radical attack or electron-induced fragmentation. The radicals or electrons are produced by the large average volume nonthermal plasmas generated in the reactor. In the past decade, the barrier configuration has attracted attention for destroying toxic chemical agents for the military, removing harmful greenhouse gases (oxides of sulfur and nitrogen - SO{sub x} and NO{sub x}), and treating other environmentally-hazardous chemical compounds (hydrocarbons, chlorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons). At the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the authors have been studying the silent discharge plasma for processing gaseous-based hazardous chemicals for approximately five years. The key objective is to convert hazardous or toxic chemicals into non-hazardous compounds or into materials which are more easily managed. The main applications have been for treating off-gases from thermal treatment units (e.g., incinerators, high-temperature packed bed reactors, arc melters; low-temperature thermal desorbers), and for abating hazardous air-pollutant emissions (e.g., industrial air emissions, vapors extracted from contaminated soil or groundwater).
The rat prostatic epithelial cell line NRP‐152 can differentiate in vivo in response to its stromal environment (1999)

BACKGROUND The clonally derived rat prostatic epithelial cell line NRP-152 was examined to determine its ability to differentiate in a tissue recombination model. METHODS NRP-152 cells alone, or combined with urogenital mesenchyme (UGM) or 10T1/2 fibroblasts, were grafted beneath the renal capsule of athymic rodent hosts. After 1 and 3 months, grafts were examined grossly and immunohistochemically. RESULTS NRP-152 cells grafted alone formed small (10–25 mg) grafts without recognizable architecture. NRP-152 cells recombined with UGM formed larger grafts (50–100 mg after 28 days) containing glandular epithelium. Columnar luminal cells expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18 and rat prostatic secretory markers (DP-1 and DP-2). The epithelial ducts were surrounded by well-differentiated smooth muscle. The glandular epithelial cells were shown to be of rat origin. NRP-152 + 10T1/2 tissue recombinants formed small grafts (10–40 mg wet weight) after 1 month. The epithelial component of these grafts formed solid unbranched cords expressing cytokeratins 5 and 14; no glandular epithelial structures were observed. The stromal matrix was densely packed with a few cells expressing α-actin. CONCLUSIONS A clonally derived prostatic epithelial cell line can form structurally and functionally normal prostatic tissue. This suggests that prostatic basal and luminal epithelial cells can be derived from a common progenitor. Prostate 39:205–212, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Challenges for development of hepatitis C virus vaccines (1994)

Impediments to the development of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine are reviewed. Foremost is the perception that the limited transmissability of HCV, and reduced spread by blood-associated routes, make this a low priority target. It is argued that such a vaccine may have an important therapeutic use in the treatment of chronic HCV carriers of which an estimated 30 million exist worldwide. An HCV vaccine would also have prophylactic use in multivalent (hepatitis) vaccines, and in the developing world. An effective HCV vaccine will not be easy to develop. The high variability of the viral proteins, especially that of the envelope proteins, provide a major challenge. The association of HCV with very low density lipoproteins renders a major proportion of the virions non-neutralizable, a further challenge. It may be necessary to design an HCV vaccine which acts primarily through the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes reactive with conserved epitopes displayed on the surface of infected cells.
Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review (2023)

Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Escherichia coli have been identified as the most serious bacterial respiratory pathogens in poultry. This review gives an updated summary, incorporating the latest data, about the evidence for the circulation of widespread, economically important poultry respiratory pathogens, with special reference to possible methods for the control and prevention of these pathogens.
Social Dilemmas and Internet Congestion (1997)

Because the Internet is a public good and its numerous users are not charged in proportion to their use, it appears rational for individuals to consume bandwidth greedily while thinking that their actions have little effect on the overall performance of the Internet. Because every individual can reason this way, the whole Internet's performance can degrade considerably, which makes everyone worse off. An analysis of the congestions created by such dilemmas predicts that they are intermittent in nature with definite statistical properties leading to short-lived spikes in congestion. Internet latencies were measured over a wide range of conditions and locations and were found to confirm these predictions, thus providing a possible microscopic mechanism for the observed intermittent congestions of the Internet.
Building adaptive systems using ensemble (1998)

Trends in networking and distributed computing are creating a new generation of applications that must adapt as the environment within which they execute changes. Examples of adaptation include switching protocols to overcome a security exposure or failure mode seen only in certain settings, changing data rates to accommodate a slow link, or adapting the behavior of a high level application to match the set of participants using the application. We describe the Ensemble system, a tool for building adaptive distributed programs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic-layer epitaxy of GaN quantum wells and quantum dots on (0001) AlN (2002)

We show that a dynamically stable Ga film is formed on (0001) AlN in a large range of Ga fluxes at a substrate temperature of 740 °C. This feature allows for atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) of GaN on AlN by alternate exposure to Ga and N flux. We show that, at a growth temperature of 740 °C, one ALE cycle leads to the formation of a two-dimensional GaN layer, whereas further cycles lead to the formation of GaN quantum dots following a Stranski–Krastanov growth mode. This behavior is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and cathodoluminescence.
An Efficient RuTe2/Graphene Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acid Electrolyte (2020)

Developing efficient powder catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the acidic electrolyte is significant for hydrogen generation in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technique. Herein, we demonstrated an efficient catalyst for HER in the acid media based on the graphene supported ruthenium telluride nanoparticles (RuTe<sub>2</sub> /Gr). The catalysts were easily fabricated by a facile microwave irradiation/thermal annealing approach, and orthorhombic RuTe<sub>2</sub> crystals were found anchored over the graphene surface. The defective structure was demonstrated in the aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy images for RuTe<sub>2</sub> crystals and graphene support. This catalyst required an overpotential of 72 mV to drive 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for HER when loading on the inert glass carbon electrode; Excellent catalytic stability in acidic media was also observed to offer 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for 10 hours. The Volmer-Tafel mechanism was indicated on RuTe<sub>2</sub> /Gr catalyst by Tafel slope of 33 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> , similar to that of Pt/C catalysts. The high catalytic performance of RuTe<sub>2</sub> /Gr could be attributed to its high dispersion on the graphene surface, high electrical conductivity and low charge transfer resistance. This powder catalyst has potential application in the PEM water electrolysis technique because of its low cost and high stability.
Effects of water potential on spore germination and viability of Fusarium species (2008)

Germination of macroconidia and/or microconidia of 24 strains of Fusarium solani, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. sambucinum, F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum isolated from fluvial channels and sea beds of the south-eastern coast of Spain, and three control strains (F. oxysporum isolated from affected cultures) was studied in distilled water in response to a range of water potentials adjusted with NaCl. (0, -13.79, -41.79, -70.37, -99.56 and -144.54 bars). The viability (UFC/ml) of suspensions was also tested in three time periods (0, 24 and 48 h). Conidia always germinated in distilled water. The pattern of conidial germination observed of F. verticilloides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. chlamydosporum and F. culmorum was similar. A great diminution of spore germination was found in -13.79 bars solutions. Spore germination percentage for F. solani isolates was maximal at 48 h and -13.79 bars with 21.33% spore germination, 16% higher than germination in distilled water. F. equiseti shows the maximum germination percentage in -144.54 bars solution in 24 h time with 12.36% germination. This results did not agree with those obtained in the viability test were maximum germination was found in distilled water. The viability analysis showed the great capacity of F. verticilloides strains to form viable colonies, even in such extreme conditions as -144.54 bars after 24 h F. proliferatum colony formation was prevented in the range of -70.37 bars. These results show the clear affectation of water potential to conidia germination of Fusaria. The ability of certain species of Fusarium to develop a saprophytic life in the salt water of the Mediterranean Sea could be certain. Successful germination, even under high salty media conditions, suggests that Fusarium spp. could have a competitive advantage over other soil fungi in crops irrigated with saline water. In the specific case of F. solani, water potential of -13.79 bars affected germination positively. It could indicate that F. solani has an special physiological mechanism of survival in low water potential environments.
Enantioselective Determination of Extraterrestrial Amino Acids Using a Two-Dimensional Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic System (2014)

A two-dimensional chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic (2D-HPLC) system has been established for the analysis of extraterrestrial amino acids. As the targets, 8 chiral amino acids (alanine (Ala), valine (Val), 2-aminobutyric acid (2AB), norvaline (nVal), N-methylalanine (N-MeAla), isovaline (iVal), 3AB and 3-aminoisobutyric acid (3AIB)) and 5 non-chiral amino acids (glycine (Gly), β-Ala, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sarcosine (Sar) and 2AIB) were selected. These amino acids were tagged with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), and non-enantioselectively separated by a capillary monolithic ODS column in the first dimension. The target fractions were automatically introduced into the second dimension and further separated by Pirkle-type enantioselective columns. By using this system, the 2D-HPLC separation of 21 components in small particles of a carbonaceous chondrite (Yamato 791191, Antarctic CM2 meteorite) could be successfully performed, and all of the target amino acids were observed. The D/L ratios of the chiral molecules are almost 50/50 for all of the tested proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids.
Commercial Mineral Enhanced Dairy By‐Products as Sodium Replacers, Antioxidants and Calcium Fortifiers in Sausages (2017)

Sausages are perceived as high in Na and with a too high Na:K ratio. Frankfurter type sausages are regarded as important contributors of sodium in the diet and thereby of health risks. Surplus products from the dairy industry are various mineral powders enriched in either potassium, calcium, or phosphate and include various amounts of lactose. Sausages were produced at 3 sodium levels (equivalent to 13, 15, and 17 g NaCl/kg sausage) using 4 different milk ingredients (a dried skimmed milk powder, a calcium enriched milk powder, a potassium enriched powder, and a lactose enriched powder). The sausages with added calcium and potassium enriched milk powders resulted in the hardest sausages when compared at the same sodium level. Milk mineral addition also produced whiter and less red sausages. No effect on rancidity after 6 wk at chill (4 °C) storage was observed by adding milk minerals, when compared with adding dried skimmed milk powder. A significant advantage of using these milk minerals in sausages is that the Na:K ratio can be reduced from an unhealthy (in this study 36) to a far healthier ratio ( ̴ 2) with limited or no taste changes. High additions of milk calcium (6 g/kg), where Ca-phosphates prevail, added as milk mineral, had no influence on sensory bitterness or aftertaste as typically observed for CaCl<sub>2</sub> additions. Ca additions to sausages are presently presumed to be an advantage with respect to human nutrition.
The PINc domain protein Utp24, a putative nuclease, is required for the early cleavage steps in 18S rRNA maturation (2006)

Ribosome biogenesis is a complex process that requires >150 transacting factors, many of which form macromolecular assemblies as big and complex as the ribosome itself. One of those complexes, the SSU processome, is required for pre-18S rRNA maturation. Although many of its components have been identified, the endonucleases that cleave the pre-18S rRNA have remained mysterious. Here we examine the role of four previously uncharacterized PINc domain proteins, which are predicted to function as nucleases, in yeast ribosome biogenesis. We also included Utp23, a protein homologous to the PINc domain protein Utp24, in our analysis. Our results demonstrate that Utp23 and Utp24 are essential nucleolar proteins and previously undescribed components of the SSU processome. In that sense, both Utp23 and Utp24 are required for the first three cleavage steps in 18S rRNA maturation. In addition, single-point mutations in the conserved putative active site of Utp24 but not Utp23 abrogate its function in ribosome biogenesis. Our results suggest that Utp24 might be the elusive endonuclease that cleaves the pre-rRNA at sites A(1) and/or A(2.).
Delay-Optimal Scheduling and Power Control for Instantaneous-Interference-Limited CRs (2016)

We study an uplink multi secondary user (SU) cognitive radio system suffering statistical heterogeneity among SUs' channels. This heterogeneity may result in differentiated delay performances to these SUs and result in harmful interference to the PU. We first derive an explicit closed-form expression for the average delay in terms of an arbitrary power-control policy. Then, we propose a delay-optimal closed-form scheduling and power-control policy that can provide the required average delay guarantees to all SUs besides protecting the PU from harmful interference. We support our findings by extensive system simulations and show that it outperforms existing policies substantially.
Peptide Cotransporter 1 in Intestine and Organic Anion Transporters in Kidney Are Targets of Interaction between JBP485 and Lisinopril in Rats (2011)

The purpose of this study was to clarify the pharmacokinetic mechanism of interaction between JBP485 (cyclo-trans-4-L-hydroxyprolyl-L-serine, a dipeptide with antihepatitis activity) and lisinopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) in vitro and in vivo. When JBP485 and lisinopril were administered orally simultaneously, the plasma concentrations of the two drugs were decreased significantly, but few changes were observed after simultaneous intravenous administration of the two drugs. The uptake of JBP485 and lisinopril in everted intestinal sacs and in HeLa cells transfected with human peptide cotransporter 1 (PEPT1), as well as absorption of JBP485 and lisinopril after jejunal perfusion were reduced after simultaneous drug administration, which suggested that the first target of drug interaction was PEPT1 in the intestine during the absorption process. The cumulative urinary excretions and renal clearance of the two drugs were decreased after intravenous co-administration, while uptakes of the two drugs in kidney slices and hOAT1/hOAT3-transfected HEK293 cells were decreased. These results indicated that the second target of drug-drug interaction was located in the kidney. These findings confirmed that the pharmacokinetic mechanism of interaction between JBP485 and lisinopril could be explained by their inhibition of the same transporters in the intestinal mucosa (PEPT1) and kidneys (OATs).
Selective N–N and W–N Bond Cleavage of Tungsten Pyrrolylimido Complexes Derived from Tungsten Dinitrogen Complex (1999)

Abstract Treatment of the pyrrolylimido complexes cis,trans-( [WX2(NNCH=CHCH=CH)(L)(PMe2Ph)2] ) (X = Cl, Br, I; L = PMe2Ph (6), CNBut, CO, PhC≡CH, PhCHO, Br) with LiAlH4or KOH produced pyrrole, 1-aminopyrrole, and ammonia, where both the reaction conditions and the nature of the ligand L showed significant effects on the pyrrole/1-aminopyrrole selectivity. Thus, reduction of cis,trans-( [WBr2(NNCH=CHCH=CH)(CNBut)(PMe2Ph)2] ) with LiAlH4 followed by methanolysis gave pyrrole and ammonia in almost quantitative yields. On the other hand, 1-aminopyrrole was quantitatively produced from the complexes by the reaction of KOH in alcohol when L = CO, PhC≡CH, or PhCHO. While analogous treatment of 6 with KOH in ethanol afforded both pyrrole and 1-aminopyrrole with low selectivity under N2 atmosphere, 1-aminopyrrole was produced from 6 in excellent yield under 1 atm of CO. On the contrary, pyrrole and ammonia were selectively formed from the reaction of 6b (X = Br) with KOH/18-crown-6 ether in THF. Replacement of one of the PMe2Ph ligands in the diazoalkane complex cis,mer-[WBr2(NN=CMeCH2CH2COMe)(PMe2Ph)3] (12) by CO or CNBut facilitated the cyclization of the diazoalkane ligand to provide the (2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl)imido complexes cis,trans-( [WBr2(NNCMe=CHCH=CMe)(L)(PMe2Ph)2] ) (L = CO 14; L = CNBut 15), although complex 12 failed to undergo the ring closure by aqueous HBr. 2,5-Dimethylpyrrole and 1-amino-2,5-dimethylpyrrole were selectively obtained by LiAlH4 reduction of 15 and by treatment of 14 with KOH in EtOH, respectively.