gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context-Aware Information Lapse for Timely Status Updates in Remote\n Control Systems (2019)

Emerging applications in Internet of Things (IoT), such as remote monitoring\nand control, extensively rely on timely status updates. Age of Information\n(AoI) has been proposed to characterize the freshness of information in status\nupdate systems. However, it only considers the time elapsed since the\ngeneration of the latest packet, and is incapable of capturing other critical\ninformation in remote control systems, such as the stochastic evolution and the\nimportance of the source status. In order to evaluate the timeliness of status\nupdates in remote control systems, we propose a context-aware metric, namely\nthe context-aware information lapse. The context-aware information lapse\ncharacterizes both the stochastic evolution of the source status and the\ncontext-aware importance of the status. In this paper, the minimization of\naverage context-aware lapse in a multi-user system is considered, and a\ncorresponding user scheduling policy is proposed based on Lyapunov\noptimization. Numerical results show that compared to AoI-based policy, the\ncontext-aware-lapse-based policy can achieve a substantial improvement in terms\nof error-threshold violation probability and control performance.\n
Ultrasonographic Visualization of Bilaterally Fused Eyelids in a Premature Neonate (2020)

In cases of significant prematurity, neonates born with eyelid fusion can undergo spontaneous eyelid disjunction. Here, the authors present such a case, along with ultrasound findings shortly before eyelid separation. All protected patient information extracted for this report was done so in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. This report was prepared in accordance with the tenants of the Declaration of Helsinki.
A low-power DC-DC converter with digital spread spectrum for reduced EMI (2006)

This paper presents a 1.8 V step-down DC-DC converter prototype with a hybrid delay-line based digital pulse-width modulator. A spread spectrum clock generation scheme is demonstrated for reducing EMI. The switching frequency of the buck converter prototype is automatically varied from 1.74 MHz to 2.84 MHz in 128 steps using a pseudo-random 512 cycle pattern, resulting in a 23 dB reduction in the conducted EMI peak. The digital pseudo-random pattern is converted to an analog reference voltage using a low-cost one-bit delta-sigma DAC having an over-sampling rate of 4096. The DAC output modulates the reference voltage of an LDO that regulates the delay-line supply voltage. It is shown that the effective duty-cycle changes by only 0.27 % over the frequency range. With spread spectrum mode enabled, the inductor current ripple becomes time-dependent but the efficiency degrades by less than 0.1%. The proposed architecture can be applied to a wide variety of state-of-the-art digital controllers that rely on delay-line based pulse width modulators.
Comparison of Immunohistochemistry and Silver Stain for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Helicobacter pylori Infection in Urease-negative Gastric Biopsies (2001)

We compared immunohistochemical and silver stains of pediatric gastric biopsy sections for the identification of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic inflammation and a negative urease screening test. Thirty-seven patients (age range 10 months to 21 years) whose gastric antral biopsies were negative for the rapid urease test (CLO(R)) but positive for lymphocytic infiltration were selected for a retrospective study. Specimens had been subjected to a rapid urease test (CLO(R)) and hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Dieterle silver staining and immunohistochemical staining specific for H. pylori were also performed. Twelve additional patients with urease-positive biopsies were used as controls. With Dieterle staining, 8/37 (22%) urease-negative biopsies contained organisms morphologically compatible with H. pylori, 21/37 (56%) contained organisms not compatible with H. pylori, and 8/37 (22%) were negative for organisms. Immunostaining confirmed 6/8 (75%) Dieterle-positive cases as being H. pylori, was negative in 2/8 (25%) Dieterle-positive cases, and was positive in 2/8 (25%) Dieterle-negative cases. Biopsies from 8/12 (67%) urease-positive specimens contained organisms seen with both Dieterle and immunohistochemical stains, and 4/12 (33%) were negative with both stains. Although both stains yielded comparable results with H. pylori-positive biopsies, Dieterle staining was potentially confusing because of nonspecific staining of other organisms. A significant proportion of (CLO(R))-negative biopsies was positive for H. pylori with special stains. We therefore recommend the use of immunohistochemical staining rather than silver staining in the evaluation of urease-negative gastric biopsies demonstrating chronic inflammation in children.
Sustainable energy management in Passeig de Gràcia Line 3 metro station in Barcelona (2014)

Underground transportation systems are big energy consumers, and have significant impacts
on energy consumption at a regional scale. One third of a network’s energy is required for operating
the subsystems of metro stations and surroundings, such as ventilation, vertical transportation
and lightning. Although a relatively small percentage of energy can be saved with an optimal management
of these subsystems, a large energy saving in absolute terms can be obtained. The objective
of SEAM4US project is to develop advanced technologies for optimal and scalable control of metro
stations that will generate at least 5% saving in non-traction electricity consumption in one year. The
SEAM4US system, and the demonstrating pilot running on the Passeig de Gracia Metro station in
Barcelona, represent a significant contribution and drive to the opening of new markets by developing
and prototyping new ICT-intensive approaches to energy saving for underground spaces, generally,
and, more specifically, for the metro station market. This paper describes the solution approach of the
intelligent energy management system at Passeig De Gracia metro station of Barcelona and the expected
achievable results.
High performance micro-channel air cooling (2002)

A high performance, compact air-cooling technology is discussed. It combines the microlaminar flow concept with an efficient heat sink design in order to achieve a cooling performance comparable to that of complex water-cooled modules. The thermal resistance of the microlaminar heat sinks was measured to be less than 2 degrees C/W of power dissipated in a 1-cm/sup 2/ chip at an air flow rate of 2 ft/sup 3//min. The required air pressure depends on the desired volumetric efficiency. The capability to remove in excess of 600 W from a multichip module (25 chips at 25 W and 16% chip-to-substrate coverage) with a quiet 10-W tubeaxial fan has been demonstrated. The volume of the complete module, including the plenum and the fan, is only about 1 liter. The chips are held to a maximum temperature rise of 55 degrees C above ambient. Even higher cooling performance at greater chip-to-substrate coverage was shown to be possible with larger air movers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Subtype-specific Optical Action Potential Recordings in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes (2018)

Cardiomyocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) are an emerging tool in cardiovascular research. Rather than being a homogenous population of cells, the iPSC-CMs generated by current differentiation protocols represent a mixture of cells with ventricular-, atrial-, and nodal-like phenotypes, which complicates phenotypic analyses. Here, a method to optically record action potentials specifically from ventricular-like iPSC-CMs is presented. This is achieved by lentiviral transduction with a construct in which a genetically-encoded voltage indicator is under the control of a ventricular-specific promoter element. When iPSC-CMs are transduced with this construct, the voltage sensor is expressed exclusively in ventricular-like cells, enabling subtype-specific optical membrane potential recordings using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy.
Automatic road extraction from mobile laser scanning data (2012)

Extraction of road surface and boundary is essential for autonomous vehicle navigation, road monitoring and important scene structures extraction. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) technology as a new information acquiring manner can quickly scan the whole scene and provide density and accurate 3D coordinate data and other information such as trajectory, color and reflectance. In this paper an automatic road extraction method is proposed based on trajectory information from mobile laser scanning data. Through the trajectory, location and approximated direction of local road patch could be determined. Searching algorithm is applied along the approximated road direction and the orthogonal direction. To determine the road boundary, a hypothesis testing method based on local altitude variance is used. To filter false boundary points, local altitude mean value is applied. Experiment results demonstrate the reliability of the proposed algorithm for automatic road surface and boundary extraction.
Ablative optical recording using organic dye-in-polymer thin films: Some mechanistic aspects (1983)

The influence of a number of materials properties and device structure variations on the energy threshold for laser marking of organic dye-in-polymer films has been investigated. Our results indicate that the write-sensitivity of these organic dye-in-polymer optical recording media is strongly dependent on the absorption efficiency of the recording film, the quantum efficiency of generation of thermal energy by the dye and the recording film thickness for films &amp;gt;100 nm. The write-sensitivity is however, not dependent on the glass transition temperature, the surface tension or the melt viscosity of the polymer binder. This independence is attributed to the very rapid nature of the mark formation process. The technological implications of the present work are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of 4‐Chloroquinazoline into 2‐ Arylmethyleneaminobenzonitrile by Grignard Reaction. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
17: Digitaltechnik und Entwurfsverfahren, Vorlesung, SS 2018, 10.07.2018 (2018)

17 | 0:00:00 Start 0:00:08 Genauere Analyse eines Übergangs 0:01:32 Verhalten des Flipflops bei Auftreten des Hasardfehlers 0:02:49 Kapitel 4.3 0:03:12 Einleitung 0:05:12 Asynchrones RS-Flipflop 0:05:39 Pegelgesteuertes RS-Latch 0:08:30 Ansteuertabelle (RS-Flipflop) 0:09:05 Herleitung der Ansteuertabelle 0:11:36 D-Flipflop 0:13:12 D-Latch 0:14:49 Angesteuertabelle des D-Latch 0:15:20 Pegelgesteuertes synchrones D-Flipflop 0:17:52 Taktflankengesteuertes D-Flipflop 0:25:48 Funktionsweise 0:26:38 Anmerkungen 0:27:51 Einflankengesteuertes D-Flipflop 0:33:26 Nebenbetrachtung 0:37:03 Schaltwerke mit D-Flipflops 0:39:12 Funktionsweise 0:41:18 Schaltwerke mit D-Latches 0:47:36 Folgerung 0:51:14 Zusatzbetrachtung für flankengesteuerte Flipflops 0:53:27 Setzzeit (Setup-) und Haltezeit (Hold-Time) 0:54:51 Zweiflankengesteuerte Flipflop 0:56:44 Zweiflankengesteuertes D-Flipflop 1:01:58 JK Flipflop 1:03:39 Beispiel 1:06:44 JK-Flipflops aus einem D-Flipflop 1:07:31 Schaltbild des synchronen JK-Flipflops 1:08:19 Ansteuertabelle 1:09:49 Herleitung der Ansteuertabellen 1:10:58 Beispiel: Asynchron rücksetzbares JK-Flipflop 1:15:10 T-Flipflop 1:16:03 T-Flipflop aus JK-Flipflop 1:16:17 T-Flipflop: Verkürzte Funktionstabelle 1:17:14 T-Flipflop: Ansteuertabelle 1:17:34 Zusammenfassung Flipflops 1:18:26 Wichtiges Hilfsmittek: Ansteuertabellen 1:18:35 Entwurf synchroner Schaltwerke
Interaction of ytterbium with solid ammonia and xenon studied using photoelectron spectroscopy (1995)

Photoemission is used to examine valence electronic structure of Yb deposited on condensed ammonia or xenon films. The deposition of Yb onto solid ammonia produces a Yb phase whose two 4f peaks lie at a higher binding energy than Yb metal and also produces a feature near the Fermi level. The peak near ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}}$ is not seen when Yb is isolated in xenon. From the appearance of the Yb 4f levels and the existence of a peak near ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}}$, it is concluded that the Yb is divalent and that (1) the peak near ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}}$ is a shakedown satellite derived from the 4f states or (2) the peak near ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}}$ is due to the hybridization of the Yb 4f states with other Yb or ligand states.
von Willebrand factor interaction with the glycoprotein IIb/IIa complex. Its role in platelet function as demonstrated in patients with congenital afibrinogenemia. (1986)

We have studied three afibrinogenemic patients, who had only trace amounts of plasma and platelet fibrinogen as measured by radioimmunoassay, and demonstrate here that the residual aggregation observed in their platelet-rich plasma is dependent upon von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa complex. The abnormality of aggregation was more pronounced when ADP, rather than thrombin, collagen, or the combination of ADP plus adrenaline was used to stimulate platelets. With all stimuli, nevertheless, the platelet response was completely inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (LJP5) that is known to block vWF, but not fibrinogen binding to GPIIb/IIIa. Addition of purified vWF to the afibrinogenemic plasma resulted in marked increase in the rate and extent of aggregation, particularly when platelets were stimulated with ADP. This response was also completely blocked by LJP5. Addition of fibrinogen, however, restored normal aggregation even in the presence of LJP5, a finding consistent with the knowledge that antibody LJP5 has no effect on platelet aggregation mediated by fibrinogen binding to GPIIb/IIIa. Two patients gave their informed consent to receiving infusion of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), a vasopressin analogue known to raise the vWF levels in plasma by two- to fourfold. The bleeding time, measured before and 45 min after infusion, shortened from greater than 24 min to 12 min and 50 s in one patient and from 16 min to 9 min and 30 s in the other. Concurrently, the rate and extent of ADP-induced platelet aggregation improved after DDAVP infusion. The pattern, however, reversed to baseline levels within 4 h. The concentration of plasma vWF increased after DDAVP infusion, but that of fibrinogen remained at trace levels. We conclude that vWF interaction with GPIIb/IIIa mediates platelet-platelet interaction and may play a role in primary hemostasis.
A Microprocessor Based Control System Project For An Integrated Freshman Curriculum (2020)

A project has been developed and implemented in which the temperature and salinity are controlled in a small volume of water which is circulated using a small pump. A conductivity sensor measures salinity, and a Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) monitors temperature, providing data to a BASIC Stamp controller. Two relays are used to operate solenoid valves that release either fresh or salty water into the system, and a third relay is used to activate a heating element used to control temperature. A cascaded switching arrangement utilizing transistors allows the BASIC Stamp to drive these high-current devices. A DC motor-driven pump continuously circulates water through a fluid loop into which the conductivity sensor is integrated. Students fabricate an inline conductivity sensor (using a 555 timer), the RTD (using photolithography), a heating element (using a high-wattage resistor) and a wooden platform to which all of the components are mounted. The students develop programs to accomplish closedloop control of the system, as well as provide a user interface where key system parameters are displayed. As part of our integrated freshman curriculum, this project provides hands-on experience to accompany traditional approaches to teaching science and engineering fundamentals including conservation of mass and energy, basic salt-water chemistry and electric circuitry. Assessment of the skills imparted through this project is provided using before and after survey data measuring student confidence in designing, fabricating and testing a working electro-mechanically controlled system.
Sintering of ultrafine zirconium diboride powder prepared by modified SHS technique (2005)

AbstractAbstractPressureless sintering of ultrafine zirconium diboride ZrB2 powder produced by a self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) route was investigated at 1973–2223 K with continuous flow of pure argon gas (20 mL min−1). Ultrafine ZrB2 powder produced by the addition of an inert SHS diluent showed excellent sinterability, and a maximum densification of 97·5% was observed at 2223 K. In contrast, the identically sintered diboride powder produced without the addition of SHS diluent showed only 81·2% densification. The apparent activation energy for sintering was found to vary with particle size from around 37 to 43 kJ. Boron diffusion through ZrB2 is likely the rate controlling factor for the sintering reaction.Keywords: FRACTURE SURFACESELF-PROPAGATING HIGH TEMPERATURE SYNTHESISSINTERINGZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE
Effects of Ti–W codoping on the optical and electrical switching of vanadium dioxide thin films grown by a reactive pulsed laser deposition (2004)

Thin films of thermochromic VO2, V1−xWxO2 and V1−x−yWxTiyO2 (x=0.014, and y=0.12) were synthesized onto quartz substrates using a reactive pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were then characterized by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The W and Ti dopant effects on the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of VO2 were investigated by measuring the temperature dependence of their electrical resistivity and their infrared transmittance. Remarkably strong effects of Ti–W codoping were observed on both the optical and electrical properties of V1−x−yWxTiyO2 films. The IR transmittance was improved, while the transition temperature could be varied from 36°C for W-doped VO2 film to 60°C for Ti–W codoped VO2 film. In addition, at room temperature, a higher temperature coefficient of resistance of 5.12%∕°C is achieved. Finally, both optical and electrical hysteresis are completely suppressed by Ti–W codoping the VO2 films.
Apolipoprotein E acts at pre‐synaptic sites… among others (2012)

Read the full article ‘APOE genotype affects the pre‐synaptic compartment of glutamatergic nerve terminals’ on doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07908.x .
Digital Signature Records for the NFC Data Exchange Format (2010)

The NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) is a standardized format for storing formatted data on NFC (Near Field Communication) tags and for transporting data across a peer-to-peer NFC link. Through NDEF and its various record types, events can be triggered on an NFC device by simply touching an NFC-enabled object. The number of use cases and real applications around NFC and NDEF technology increases continuously. However, existing applications provide hardly any protection against (malicious) manipulation of NDEF data. Digital signatures are a means of providing authenticity and integrity of NDEF data. Therefore, the NFC Forum - which is responsible for the specification of data formats, protocols and applications in regard to the NFC technology - is working on adding digital signatures to their NDEF format. While their signature record type is still in draft status and has not been released to the public, this paper discusses the various aspects of digitally signing NDEF records. First, we introduce the readers to the NFC Data Exchange Format, its use cases and its potential security threats. After that, we describe the potential of digital signatures for NDEF messages. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various ways to digitally sign an NDEF message.
Magnetic and Electric Field Sensors (2015)

The main application for magnetic and electric field fiber optic sensors has been the electric power industry. The ability to dielectrically isolate equipment and personnel from high power provides an attractive feature in terms of safety and, ultimately, cost for fiber optic systems versus those using conventional technology. In terms of performance, the theoretical bandwidth of the physical processes occurring within the optical techniques is much faster than the corresponding conducting devices. Also, effects such as hysteresis and saturation (dynamic range), which are common issues with magnetic materials, are, for all practical purposes, absent from the optical components. The size and weight of these devices are also an advantage over iron-corebased designs. All of these characteristics have inspired the vast amount of research and engineering devoted to the development and commercialization of optical-based products. Several sensing approaches have been successfully conceived using fiber optics for both magnetic and electric field sensing. For magnetic field sensing (of which current is a special case), the majority of the designs exploit the Faraday effect and are polarization based. Interferometric approaches using metallic glass and other various magnetostrictive coatings on fibers have also been demonstrated in the past. More recently, the Sagnac interferometer configuration has proven to be the architecture that has found the most commercial acceptance. For electric field and voltage sensing, polarization-based schemes have been described using electro-optical materials to utilize the Pockels and Kerr effects. Interferometric phase-modulation techniques for electric field monitoring have centered on piezoelectric fiber coatings.
A V-band front-end with 3-D integrated cavity filters/duplexers and antenna in LTCC technologies (2006)

This paper presents a compact system-on-package-based front-end solution for 60-GHz-band wireless communication/sensor applications that consists of fully integrated three-dimensional (3-D) cavity filters/duplexers and antenna. The presented concept is applied to the design, fabrication, and testing of V-band (receiver (Rx): 59-61.5 GHz, transmitter (Tx): 61.5-64 GHz) transceiver front-end module using multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology. Vertically stacked 3-D low-loss cavity bandpass filters are developed for Rx and Tx channels to realize a fully integrated compact duplexer. Each filter exhibits excellent performance (Rx: IL<2.37 dB, 3-dB bandwidth (BW) /spl sim/3.5%, Tx: IL<2.39 dB, 3-dB BW /spl sim/3.33%). The fabrication tolerances contributing to the resonant frequency experimental downshift were investigated and taken into account in the simulations of the rest devices. The developed cavity filters are utilized to realize the compact duplexers by using microstrip T-junctions. This integrated duplexer shows Rx/Tx BW of 4.20% and 2.66% and insertion loss of 2.22 and 2.48 dB, respectively. The different experimental results of the duplexer compared to the individual filters above are attributed to the fabrication tolerance, especially on microstrip T-junctions. The measured channel-to-channel isolation is better than 35.2 dB across the Rx band (56-58.4 GHz) and better than 38.4 dB across the Tx band (59.3-60.9 GHz). The reported fully integrated Rx and Tx filters and the dual-polarized cross-shaped patch antenna functions demonstrate a novel 3-D deployment of embedded components equipped with an air cavity on the top. The excellent overall performance of the full integrated module is verified through the 10-dB BW of 2.4 GHz (/spl sim/4.18%) at 57.45 and 2.3 GHz (/spl sim/3.84%) at 59.85 GHz and the measured isolation better than 49 dB across the Rx band and better than 51.9 dB across the Tx band.