gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skeletal levels of bisphosphonate in the setting of chronic kidney disease are independent of remodeling rate and lower with fractionated dosing (2019)

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in a dramatic increase in skeletal fracture risk. Bisphosphates (BP) are an effective treatment for reducing fracture risk but they are not recommended in advanced CKD. We have recently shown higher acute skeletal accumulation of fluorescently-tagged zoledronate (ZOL) in the setting of CKD but how this accumulation is retained/lost over time is unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown if alternative dosing approaches can modulate accumulation in the setting of CKD. Methods To address these two questions normal (NL) and Cy/+ (CKD) rats were divided into control groups (no dosing), a single dose of a fluorescent-tagged ZOL (FAM-ZOL), a single dose of non-labelled zoledronate (ZOL) or ten weekly doses of FAM-ZOL each at 1/10th the dose of the single dose group. Half of the CKD animals in each group were provided water with 3% calcium in drinking water (CKD + Ca) to suppress PTH and remodeling. At 30 or 35 weeks of age, serum, tibia, ulna, radius, vertebra, femora, and mandible were collected and subjected to assessment methods including biochemistry, dynamic histomorphometry and multi-spectral fluorescence levels (using IVIS SpectrumCT). Results FAM-ZOL did not significantly reduce bone remodeling in either NL or CKD animals while Ca supplementation in CKD produced remodeling levels comparable to NL. At five- and ten-weeks post-dosing, both CKD and CKD + Ca groups had higher levels of FAM-ZOL in most, but not all, skeletal sites compared to NL with no difference between the two CKD groups suggesting that the rate of remodeling did not affect skeletal retention of FAM-ZOL. Fractionating the FAM-ZOL into ten weekly doses led to 20–32% less (p  Conclusions The rate of bone turnover does not have significant effects on levels of FAM-ZOL accumulation/retention in animals with CKD. A lower dose/more frequent administration paradigm results in lower levels of accumulation/retention over time. These data provide information that could better inform the use of bisphosphonates in the setting of CKD in order to combat the dramatic increase in fracture risk.
Microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the ureter of the Camelus Dromedarius ureter (2013)

The histology and ultrastructure of the ureter of Camelus dromedarius were investigated. The ureteric wall included a tunica mucosa of transitional epithelium (urothelium); an underlying loose connective tissue layer (propriasubmucosa); a tunica muscularis of smooth muscle forming inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers; and a tunica adventitia or a tunica serosa. The smooth muscle layer of the renal pelvis was scarce or lacking. The urothelium consisted of basal cuboidal to columnar cells, intermediate cells, and larger, pale superficial cells with small nuclei. The epithelium of the renal pelvis was only a few cells deep. The transitional epithelium appeared to be adapted for extensibility and water impermeability. The cytoplasm of the superficial and intermediate cells contained many membrane-bound vesicles. Junctional complexes were seen between the lateral membranes of the superficial cells providing a barrier to the passage of substances and urine into the ureteric wall. The junctional complexes and the membrane-bound vesicles may play an important role in membrane turnover and in regulating the expansion and contraction of the urothelium. In this study, we report the presence of submucosal glands in the renal pelvis of Camelus dromedarius. The serous nature of the submucosal glands, seen under the light microscope, was confirmed with the electron microscope. These glands had nearly pyramidalshaped cells lying on a basement membrane and a lumen. The cells of the epithelial lining were mainly dark with a central spherical nucleus. A connective tissue capsule could be seen around the gland.
Carbon Dioxide Separation with a Two-Dimensional Polymer Membrane (2012)

Carbon dioxide gas separation is important for many environmental and energy applications. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize a two-dimensional hydrocarbon polymer, PG-ES1, that uses a combination of surface adsorption and narrow pores to separate carbon dioxide from nitrogen, oxygen, and methane gases. The CO2 permeance is 3 × 10(5) gas permeation units (GPU). The CO2/N2 selectivity is 60, and the CO2/CH4 selectivity exceeds 500. The combination of high CO2 permeance and selectivity surpasses all known materials, enabling low-cost postcombustion CO2 capture, utilization of landfill gas, and horticulture applications.
Chronic Diarrhea and Alkalosis (1965)

We have read with great interest the excellent report by Virginia L. Tucker et al. of a case of "Chronic Diarrhea and Alkalosis" in the November issue (Pediatrics, 34:601, 1964). One point in the patient's history, it seems to us, calls for further clarification. The infant "soon after birth developed signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction and on the second day of life a volvulus was surgically reduced." We have reported four cases of what is obviously the same disease, and we have subsequently seen two other patients.
Dual-offset antennas with a spherical main reflector for small earth stations (1993)

The design of dual-reflector antennas with a spherical main reflector for small earth stations is considered. An analysis of the field polarization throughout the system shows that it is possible to adjust the reflectors to obtain very low cross-polarization. The use of an elliptical main reflector projection is explored in order to enhance efficiency and lower side-lobe levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Using laser confocal microscopy to assess the activity of MAP kinase systems in the reparative process (2016)

Tissue localization and the co-expression of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated parts of the p38 MAP kinase cascade in the reparative process are studied via confocal and fluorescence microscopy using a model of a skin–muscle wound. It is established that the peak of the cascade activity falls on the third day. The advantages of laser confocal microscopy to assess the co-expression of regulatory cascades and the possibility of numerically evaluating the analyzed changes are demonstrtaed.
Ignition and extinction of flames near surfaces: Combustion of CH4 in air (1994)

Abstract Ignition and extinction characteristics of homogeneous combustion of methane in air near inert surfaces are studied by numerical bifurcation theory for premixed methane/air gases impinging on planar surfaces with detailed chemistry involving 46 reversible reactions and 16 species. One‐parameter bifuraction diagrams as functions of surface temperature and two‐parameter bifurcation diagrams as functions of equivalence ratio and strain rate are constructed for both isothermal and adiabatic walls. Lean and rich composition limits for ignition and extinction, and energy production are determined from two parameter bifurcation diagrams. For a strain rate of 500 s −1 , CH 4 /air mixtures exhibit hysteresis from ∼ 0.5% up to ∼ 12.5% and from ∼ 5.5% up to ∼ 13.5% near isothermal surfaces and adiabatic walls, respectively. Ignition temperature rises with composition from 1,700 to 1,950 K, without a maximum around the stoichiometric ratio. Under some conditions multiple ignitions and extinctions can occur with up to five multiple solutions, and wall quenching, kinetic limitations, and transport can strongly affect flame stability. Flames near the stoichiometric ratio cannot be extinguished by room temperature surfaces for sufficiently low strain rates. The role of intermediates in enhancing or retarding ignition and extinction is studied, and implications of the effect of catalytic surfaces on homogeneous ignition and extinction are discussed. Removal of H atoms and CH 3 radicals by wall adsorption can increase extinction and ignition temperature of 6% CH 4 in air by up to 300 K for a strain rate of 500 s −1 .
New Metrics for Newsblog Credibility (2007)

The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and local events. Traditional measures of topical relevance, timeliness, specificity and credibility are inadequate when it comes to blogs, however, due to their short length, high degree of quotation, exophoricity, and the short life cycle of blog postings. In this paper, we motivate a novel metric for blog credibility that is one of the metrics underlying a blog search and analytics engine we are constructing.
Long-Term Minimum 15-Year Follow Up After Lateral Discoid Meniscal Preservation Surgery in Children and Adolescents (2022)

Background: Discoid meniscus is a congenital variant typically affecting the lateral meniscus of the knee. Historically, surgical intervention when symptomatic consisted of total meniscectomy; however, after degenerative changes were observed, current treatments now focus on rim preservation with arthroscopic saucerization and meniscal repair for instability, when indicated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine long-term patient-reported outcomes of lateral discoid menisci (LDM) treated with meniscal-preserving techniques. Methods: Ninety-eight patients treated arthroscopically for LDM at a single institution at a minimum of 15 years ago were retrospectively identified and contacted by mailers and telephone to participate. Subjective functional outcomes and patient satisfaction data were collected using a questionnaire that included the validated IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Lysholm Score, Marx Activity Rating Scale, Tegner Activity Score, and WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Patient and surgical characteristics and patient-reported outcomes were summarized by mean and standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR), or frequency and percent, as appropriate. Results: Of the 46 patients contacted (response rate of 46/98 eligible), 25 (54%) completed the questionnaires. The mean (± SD) age at initial surgery was 10.8 (± 3.4) years and 30.3 (± 3.7) years at final follow-up. The mean (± SD) follow-up time from initial surgery was 19.5 (± 2.8) years (range, 16–27). Patient-reported outcomes included: IKDC 77.4 ± 17.2, Lysholm 78.6 ± 21, WOMAC 7.6 ± 11.3, Tegner Activity 7 (out of 10), and Marx Activity Rating Scale 8 (out of 10) (Table 1). Eleven (44%) cases underwent subsequent LDM-related surgery on the ipsilateral knee(s). There were no cases of total knee replacement (Table 2). Conclusions: Overall, patient-reported outcomes were favorable at a minimum of 15-year follow-up after rim-preserving saucerization of lateral discoid meniscus. While two-thirds of patients were satisfied with their surgical outcomes, nearly half of patients underwent revision saucerization with or without meniscal repair. Subsequent long-term follow-up studies with radiographs will be important to determine how meniscus-preserving procedures may curb the development of arthritis. [Table: see text][Table: see text]
Novel image interpolation based on multivariate spline (2010)

In this paper, we present an effective algorithm for image interpolation. Our algorithm first calculates basis function of multivariate spline, on this basis, builds an operator applied to image interpolation. Finally, by experiment our algorithm reconstructs different interval sampled images, and compares with bilinear interpolation and double cubic convolution interpolation methods respectively. The experimental results show that our algorithm can reconstruct high quality images.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Solvent-Resistant Nanofiltration Composite Membranes Based on Crosslinked Polyurethanes (2007)

In several innovative application fields, there is an increasing requirement for solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes. In this work, an innovative SRNF membrane is presented: the thin selective layer is composed of cross-linked polyurethane cast on an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, which is composed of a stable polymeric material. The thin selective layer is produced via simultaneous in situ polymerization and casting on the UF support. After both the UF and NF composite membranes have been characterized through chemical and physical analyses, the NF membranes are tested: the permeate fluxes and the rejection of test substance (4‘,5‘-dinitrofluorescein) have been measured with four different organic solvents. The solvent transport through the novel SRNF membranes is discussed by introducing a new variable, the normalized flux, obtaining a satisfying predictive model.
Data from <i>IFNL4</i>-ΔG Allele Is Associated with an Interferon Signature in Tumors and Survival of African-American Men with Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Men of African ancestry experience an excessive prostate cancer mortality that could be related to an aggressive tumor biology. We previously described an immune-inflammation signature in prostate tumors of African-American (AA) patients. Here, we further deconstructed this signature and investigated its relationships with tumor biology, survival, and a common germline variant in the IFNλ4 (&lt;i&gt;IFNL4&lt;/i&gt;) gene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We analyzed gene expression in prostate tissue datasets and performed genotype and survival analyses. We also overexpressed &lt;i&gt;IFNL4&lt;/i&gt; in human prostate cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found that a distinct interferon (IFN) signature that is analogous to the previously described “IFN-related DNA damage resistance signature” (IRDS) occurs in prostate tumors. Evaluation of two independent patient cohorts revealed that IRDS is detected about twice as often in prostate tumors of AA than European-American men. Furthermore, analysis in TCGA showed an association of increased IRDS in prostate tumors with decreased disease-free survival. To explain these observations, we assessed whether IRDS is associated with an &lt;i&gt;IFNL4&lt;/i&gt; germline variant (rs368234815-ΔG) that controls production of IFNλ4, a type III IFN, and is most common in individuals of African ancestry. We show that the &lt;i&gt;IFNL4&lt;/i&gt; rs368234815-ΔG allele was significantly associated with IRDS in prostate tumors and overall survival of AA patients. Moreover, &lt;i&gt;IFNL4&lt;/i&gt; overexpression induced IRDS in three human prostate cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our study links a germline variant that controls production of IFNλ4 to the occurrence of a clinically relevant IFN signature in prostate tumors that may predominantly affect men of African ancestry. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5471–81. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A probe effect in concurrent programs (1986)

Abstract This paper reports on an experimental study of the probe effect , defined as an alteration in the frequency of run‐time computational errors observed when delays are introduced into concurrent programs. If the concurrent program being studied has no synchronization errors, then there is no probe effect. In the presence of synchronization errors, the frequency of observable output errors for a sample experimental program starts at a high value for small delays, oscillates rapidly as the delay is increased, and apparently settles at zero errors for larger values of delay. Thus, for sufficiently large delays, the probe effect can almost completely mask synchronization errors in concurrent programs. For sufficiently large concurrent process sets, even small values of embedded delay may mask synchronization errors, provided side effects in shared memory are not included in the observation.
Investigation of the dosimetric characteristics of PRESAGETM (2006)

In this work we perform a detailed investigation of the fundamental dosimetric characteristics of PRESAGETM, to determine its potential for dosimetry. A common problem encountered when attempting to evaluate a new material, is how to efficiently evaluate the large multitude of potential mechanisms and response-characteristics that may affect the practicality and accuracy of that material for dosimetry. We introduce a new method designed to enable rapid, accurate and convenient evaluation of any material which has an optical dose-response, and can be formed into columns of precise dimension (e.g. spectro-photometric cuvettes). The method is also optimised to enable evaluation of dosimetric characteristics with the minimum volume of material, to minimise cost, and problems associated to storage, transportation etc.
Coherent Backscattering of an Elastic Wave in a Chaotic Cavity (2000)

We report the first experimental evidence of coherent backscattering enhancement for transient elastic waves propagating in a two-dimensional chaotic cavity. The time-integrated squared amplitude at the point source is twice as large as at the other points around the source. Contrary to analogous optical experiments, this effect is already clearly observable on a single realization. Especially, the spatial shape of the coherent backscattering enhancement is well predicted by a generalization of the existing theory.
Environmental Insurance for Contractors: More Possibilities Than May Be Expected (2011)

Pollution events are often thought of as uninsurable. A more realistic view is that loss or claim from a pollution incident is an insured event in many insurance standard property and liability policies. While coverage may be narrow and limits less than may be desired, it does exist. In this article we look at insurance policies typical of the construction industry to determine the extent of coverage for damages from an incident of pollution.
Access fistulotomy: technical tips for success (2020)

Access fistulotomy is an invaluable technique to aid in biliary access. Knowledge of key landmarks and careful evaluation of the incision are critical to successful biliary access when performing fistulotomy.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Androgen Deprivation Followed by Acute Androgen Stimulation Selectively Sensitizes AR-Positive Prostate Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DNA repair genes following androgen stimulation. Androgen-deprived LNCaP cells were exposed to vehicle or 100nM DHT for the indicated times and mRNA of classical AR-regulated genes (A) or DNA repair-related genes (B) were measured using qRT-PCR. mRNA levels are expressed relative to GAPDH expression and normalized to levels in androgen-deprived conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
Correlates of Immunity to Filovirus Infection (2011)

Filoviruses can cause severe, often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Recent advances in vaccine and therapeutic drug development have provided encouraging data concerning treatment of these infections. However, relatively little is known about immune responses in fatal versus non-fatal filovirus infection. This review summarizes the published literature on correlates of immunity to filovirus infection, and highlights deficiencies in our knowledge on this topic. It is likely that there are several types of successful immune responses, depending on the type of filovirus, and the presence and timing of vaccination or drug treatment.
Rapid single cell detection of Staphylococcus aureus by aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens, causing more than 500,000 infections in the United States each year. Traditional methods for bacterial culture and identification take several days, wasting precious time for patients who are suffering severe bacterial infections. Numerous nucleic acid-based detection methods have been introduced to address this deficiency; however, the costs and requirement for expensive equipment may limit the widespread use of such technologies. Thus, there is an unmet demand of new platform technology to improve the bacterial detection and identification in clinical practice. In this study, we developed a rapid, ultra-sensitive, low cost, and non-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for bacterial identification. Using this method, which measures the resonance light-scattering signal of aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles, we successfully detected single S. aureus cell within 1.5 hours. This new platform technology may have potential to develop a rapid and sensitive bacterial testing at point-of-care.
Foundations of the potential energy boundary surface method for power system transient stability analysis (1988)

A theoretical foundation is provided for the potential energy boundary surface (PEBS) method for power system transient stability analysis. First, a theory of stability boundaries for two classes of dynamical systems: generalized gradient systems and systems described by a second-order vector differential equation. A complete characterization of the stability boundaries of these two dynamical system classes is given, and a qualitative analysis is conducted of the stability boundary when the vector field of the system is under a certain kind of perturbation. Using these results, the PEBS method is evaluated. Conditions under which the PEBS method gives good stability assessments are derived. A modified PEBS method is suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Acute Plasma Cell Leukaemia Followed by Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (1980)

A 54-year-old male was hospitalized because of lethargy, weight loss, an upper abdominal mass, hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral blood plasmacytosis of 66%. The diagnosis of acute plasma cell leukaemia was established, and after chemotherapy was initiated, the patient entered complete remission. 6 months later, he developed extramedullary plasmacytoma with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, right inguinal lymph nodes and right orbit. Response to chemotherapy was poor and he died without evidence of plasma cell leukaemia. The possibility of the existence of extramedullary plasmacytoma at the onset of the disease, expressed by the appearance of plasma cell leukaemia only at the beginning and by extramedullary spreading at the terminal stage is discussed.
Effect of Ti‐metal addition on hot‐isostatically pressed (HIPed) Synroc‐C (2023)

Abstract Synroc, a candidate nuclear wasteform and Synroc technology, a waste treatment solution utilizing hot‐isostatic pressing (HIPing) have significant potential for the immobilisation of challenging nuclear wastes from both current and innovative reactors and fuel cycles. Hot isostatic press (HIP) consolidation is undertaken within sealed metal HIP canisters, where metal buffers (e.g., Ti, Fe and Ni) can be incorporated to control the redox environment within the canister. This study, for the first time, reports the effect of varying Ti‐metal addition (0, 2, 4, and 8 wt.%) on phase formation, microstructural characteristics, and wasteform performance for HIP consolidated Synroc‐C containing 20 wt.% simulated PUREX type (PW‐4b) high level waste. Quantitative X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy‐EDS analyses were undertaken for analytical investigations. The chemical durability of the samples was assessed using ASTM C1220‐21 standard test. Hot‐isostatically pressed (HIPed) samples with 0 and 8 wt.% Ti added for redox control produced unfavourable phase formation. However, the HIPed samples with Ti additions of 2 and 4 wt.% as a redox buffer showed the desired phase formation of Synroc‐C without any significant change to the partitioning of waste elements among the phases along with compatible durability results, when compared to previous literature for hot uniaxial pressing (HUPed) or sintered materials.