gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 546: Soluble EphA2 is a potential serum biomarker for lung cancer (2015)

Abstract EphA2 is a cell surface glycoprotein expresses in various tumor tissues including lung, breast and pancreas carcinoma. As the patients with a highly positive surface expression of EphA2 carcinomas have the poor prognosis, therefore, preclinical and clinical studies using antibody targeting to EphA2 are underlying. Previous study has reported that EphA2 fragment is also released in a soluble form by the proteolytic cleavage from tumor cell surface. In this study, we tried to detect the soluble form of EphA2 (sEphA2) in the serum specimens of lung cancer patients. By using antibodies to EphA2, we developed a new sandwich ELISA system detecting human sEphA2 with high sensitivity and specificity. With this system, we measured the concentration of sEphA2 in the serum of normal healthy donors and lung cancer patients. The concentration of sEphA2 was significantly higher in sera of 15 lung cancer patients than 15 healthy donors (p&amp;lt;0.01). We also examined the other diagnostics biomarkers such as CYFRA and CEA. The levels of sEphA2 in serum of lung cancer patients are correlated with CYFRA and CEA. These data indicate that the diagnosis of the lung cancer enabled by measuring the concentration of sEphA2. However, detail clinicopathological characteristics are necessary for the feasible diagnosis for sEphA2 as a biomarker of lung cancer. Citation Format: Tadanori Kondo, Hiroki Yumoto, Kento Usui, Kazunori Kato. Soluble EphA2 is a potential serum biomarker for lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-546
Gene transfer between canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.) and related weed species (1996)

Summary. Brassica species are particularly receptive to gene transformation techniques. There now exists canola genotypes with transgenic herbicide resistance for glyphosate, imidazolinone, sulfonylurea and glufosinate herbicides. The main concern of introducing such herbicide resistance into commercial agriculture is the introgression of the engineered gene to related weed species. The potential of gene transfer between canola ( Brassica napus and B. campestris ) and related weed species was determined by hand pollination under controlled greenhouse conditions. Canola was used as both male and female parent in crosses to the related weed species collected in the Inland Northwest region of the United States. Weed species used included: field mustard ( B. rapa ), wild mustard ( S. arvensis ) and black mustard ( B. nigra ). Biological and cytological aspects necessary for successful hybrid seed production were investigated including: pollen germination on the stigma; pollen tube growth down the style; attraction of pollen tubes to the ovule; ovule fertilisation; embryo and endosperm developmental stages. Pollen germination was observed in all 25 hybrid combinations. Pollen tubes were found in the ovary of over 80% of combinations. About 30% of the hybrid combinations developed to the heart stage of embryo development or further. In an additional study involving transgenic glufosinate herbicide resistant B. napus and field mustard it was found that hybrids occurred with relatively high frequency, hybrids exhibited glufosinate herbicide resistance and a small proportion of hybrids produced self fertile seeds. These fertile plants were found to backcross to either canola or weed parent.
APPLICATION OF SYSTEMIC VISION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS (2012)

As the sophistication of technology is increasing, also increased the demand for quality in education. The expectation for quality has promoted broad range of products and systems, including in education. These factors include the increased diversity in the student body, which requires greater emphasis that allows a simple and dynamic model in the provision of education. For this reason, a formalized methodology known as systems theory is often applied in the industry as a management instrument, or in other words, known as systems management. The management of educational systems would be adherent to ally in reducing failure rates and quality improvement. This is possible in complex learning systems scale. Accordingly, this article aims to discuss some implications of trying to use the systems management as modern teaching methodology. Key words: educational learning, systemic vision, educational technology.
Suboptimal DNA Repair Capacity Predisposes Coke-Oven Workers To Accumulate More Chromosomal Damages in Peripheral Lymphocytes (2009)

Abstract DNA repair is an essential mechanism for cells to maintain their genomic integrity under endogenous or exogenous assault. Reduced DNA repair capacity (DRC) is associated with increased risk for several environmentally related cancers. The micronucleus in peripheral lymphocytes has been validated as a biomarker of chromosomal damage, increasing cancer risk in human populations. We hypothesized that suboptimal DRC is associated with the increase in chromosomal damage among 94 coke-oven workers and 64 noncoke-oven controls. DRC was evaluated in isolated lymphocytes by comet assay. Chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes was detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Four common coding single nucleotide polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene were genotyped. Coke-oven workers have significantly increased urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (9.0; 6.8-11.7 μg/L versus 1.5, 1.3-1.7 μg/L; P &amp;lt; 0.01) and micronucleus frequency (7.4‰ ± 4.3‰ versus 3.0‰ ± 3.0‰; P &amp;lt; 0.01), and decreased DRC (55.9% ± 16.4% versus 63.6% ± 18.5%; P &amp;lt; 0.01) compared with controls. Significant correlations between DRC and micronucleus frequency were found in coke-oven workers (r = −0.32; P &amp;lt; 0.01; n = 94) and all study subjects (r = −0.32; P &amp;lt; 0.001; n = 158) but not in controls (r = −0.21; P = 0.11; n = 64). Variants of the Arg399Gln polymorphism were associated with a decreased DRC in both coke-oven workers (51.6% ± 16.1% versus 60.6% ± 15.7%; P &amp;lt; 0.01) and controls (59.1% ± 18.5% versus 68.4% ± 17.5%; P = 0.04). The complicated interrelationship of these multiple biomarkers was also identified by path analysis. These findings should facilitate developing a biomarker-based risk assessment model for lung cancer in this occupational population. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(3):987–93)
Structural mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by two murine antibodies targeting the RBD (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has necessitated the rapid development of antibody-based therapies and vaccines as countermeasures. Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) to characterize two protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in complex with the spike protein, revealing similarities between epitopes targeted by human and murine B cells. The more neutralizing mAb, 2B04, binds the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and competes with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). By contrast, 2H04 binds adjacent to the RBM and does not compete for ACE2 binding. Naturally occurring sequence variants of SARS-CoV-2 and corresponding neutralization escape variants selected in vitro map to our structurally defined epitopes, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 might evade therapeutic antibodies with a limited set of mutations, underscoring the importance of combination mAb therapeutics. Finally, we show that 2B04 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection by preventing ACE2 engagement, whereas 2H04 reduces host cell attachment without directly disrupting ACE2-RBM interactions, providing distinct inhibitory mechanisms used by RBD-specific mAbs.
Elements and Devices Based on Magnetorheological Effect* (1993)

The magnetorheological suspension (MRS), due to its controllability, can be used as the basis for new devices and technologies. The most important element of any MR device is a magnetorheological transducer (MRT), a controllable hydraulic resistance. Its mathematical model is obtained using quasi-stationary approximation and taking into account the transient processes in the magnetic field inductor. The designs of damping and anti-shock devices using the MR element base are ideologically most simple. A description of such a device is obtained by supplementing the system of equations that describe MRT dynamics with the relations, including hydromechanical pro cesses, in a hydraulic cylinder. MRT can be used to design flexible bridge-like distributors to control hydraulic actuators. The experimental study has shown the possibility of using MRS as a working medium in seals.
Contrôle du comportement ingestif et mérycique par les neuropeptides (1987)

In sheep as in other species, intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of picomolar doses of several peptide hormones affects food intake and rumination, suggesting that these hormones play a role in the physiological control of feeding behavior. Their effects depend on their duration (short vs long-term) and/or their nature (orexigenic vs anorexigenic). Among the short-term satiety factors, CCK8, CRF and calcitonin, administered ICV, decrease food intake by reducing the rate (CCK8) or the duration (CRF, calcitonin) of ingestion; in contrast, the gastrin group of peptides (gastrin 17, penta or tetragastrin) reduces food intake by promoting an early period of rumination. Opioid peptides such as Met-enkephalin and Dynorphin initiate food intake in satiated sheep and are supposed to be active in the short-term regulation of food intake in these ruminants. In contrast both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) increase the daily food intake, when ICV injected, but their centrally mediated orexigenic effects depend on the regimen and the digestive status. These results confirm the species differences observed in food intake regulation and the major role of the C.N.S. in controlling feeding behavior and energy balance in ruminants.
Correlation of Serum Transaminase Levels with Liver Fibrosis Assessed by Transient Elastography in Vietnamese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2021)

Using ALT level as a marker for severe NAFLD would consider high-risk patients as mild cases, even though there is still the risk of progressive and severe hepatic disease. Our study underlines the small contribution of ALT as an independent factor for detecting NAFLD severity.
Mass Spectometry-Based Protein Patterns in the Diagnosis of Sepsis/Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (2011)

Early differential diagnosis of systemic inflammatory reactions in critically ill patients is essential for timely implementation of lifesaving therapies. Despite many efforts made, reliable biomarkers to discriminate between infectious and noninfectious causes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are currently not available. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based methods have raised hopes that identification of spectral patterns from serum/plasma samples can be instrumental in this context. We compared protein expression patterns from patients with SIRS of infectious and noninfectious origin. Plasma samples from 166 patients obtained under rigorously standardized preanalytical conditions were applied to Q10 and CM10 ProteinChips. Protein profiles were used to train and develop decision tree classification algorithms. Discriminatory peaks were isolated and identified. Classification trees distinguished patients with noninfectious SIRS with organ dysfunction following open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass from those with severe sepsis or septic shock with distinct sensitivities and specificities. Results were validated in a blinded test set in two independent experiments and in a second independently collected test set. Discriminatory peaks at 13.8 and 55.7 kd were identified as transthyretin and α1-antitrypsin; the third protein at m/z 4,798 was assigned to a proteolytic fragment of α1-antitrypsin. Taken together, our data demonstrate that plasma protein profiling allows reproducible discrimination between patients with infectious and noninfectious SIRS with high sensitivity and specificity. However, rigorous standardization as well as considering drug-related interferences is essential when interpreting protein profiling studies. Identification of discriminatory proteins suggests a direct link between infectious-related protease activity and a sepsis-specific diagnostic pattern for discrimination of patients with SIRS.
Motorcycle Post-Accident Inspection Techniques (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The techniques and procedures presented in this paper will assist the field investigator in conducting post-accident inspections of motorcycles. The information obtained from a thorough motorcycle inspection can be useful in analyzing accident dynamics, identifying accident cause factors and evaluating vehicle performance. Cautions and checklists are discussed which are intended to prevent the investigator from omitting important information or inadvertantly altering evidence.&lt;/div&gt;
Improved Rare-Earth Emitter Hollow Cathode (2011)

An improvement has been made to the design of the hollow cathode geometry that was created for the rare-earth electron emitter described in Compact Rare Earth Emitter Hollow Cathode (NPO-44923), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 34, No. 3 (March 2010), p. 52. The original interior assembly was made entirely of graphite in order to be compatible with the LaB6 material, which cannot be touched by metals during operation due to boron diffusion causing embrittlement issues in high-temperature refractory materials. Also, the graphite tube was difficult to machine and was subject to vibration-induced fracturing. This innovation replaces the graphite tube with one made out of refractory metal that is relatively easy to manufacture. The cathode support tube is made of molybdenum or molybdenum-rhenium. This material is easily gun-bored to near the tolerances required, and finish machined with steps at each end that capture the orifice plate and the mounting flange. This provides the manufacturability and robustness needed for flight applications, and eliminates the need for expensive e-beam welding used in prior cathodes. The LaB6 insert is protected from direct contact with the refractory metal tube by thin, graphite sleeves in a cup-arrangement around the ends of the insert. The sleeves, insert, and orifice plate are held in place by a ceramic spacer and tungsten spring inserted inside the tube. To heat the cathode, an insulating tube is slipped around the refractory metal hollow tube, which can be made of high-temperature materials like boron nitride or aluminum nitride. A screw-shaped slot, or series of slots, is machined in the outside of the ceramic tube to constrain a refractory metal wire wound inside the slot that is used as the heater. The screw slot can hold a single heater wire that is then connected to the front of the cathode tube by tack-welding to complete the electrical circuit, or it can be a double slot that takes a bifilar wound heater with both leads coming out the back. This configuration replaces the previous sheathed heater design that limited the cycling-life of the cathode.
CRC-Aided Short Convolutional Codes and RCU Bounds for Orthogonal Signaling (2022)

We extend earlier work on the design of convolutional code-specific CRC codes to $Q$-ary alphabets, with an eye toward $Q$-ary orthogonal signaling. Starting with distance-spectrum optimal, zero-terminated, $Q$-ary convolutional codes, we design $Q$-ary CRC codes so that the CRC/convolutional concatenation is distance-spectrum optimal. The $Q$-ary code symbols are mapped to a $Q$-ary orthogonal signal set and sent over an AWGN channel with noncoherent reception. We focus on $Q = 4$, rate-1/2 convolutional codes in our designs. The random coding union bound and normal approximation are used in earlier works as benchmarks for performance for distance-spectrum optimal convolutional codes. We derive a saddlepoint approximation of the random coding union bound for the coded noncoherent signaling channel, as well as a normal approximation for this channel, and compare the performance of our codes to these limits. Our best design is within $0.6$ dB of the RCU bound at a frame error rate of $10^{-4}$.
Effect of fatigue damage on static and dynamic tensile behaviour of electro‐discharge machined Ti‐6Al‐4V (2012)

ABSTRACT The fatigue performance of electro‐discharge machined Ti‐6Al‐4V and, more specifically, the effect of cyclic damage on the static and dynamic tensile properties of the material have been investigated. In a first step, fatigue failure was studied. Afterwards, tensile tests were performed on specimens that had been previously subjected to cyclic loading during predefined fractions of the fatigue life. In addition to conventional experiments at quasi‐static strain rate, dynamic tests were performed using a split Hopkinson tensile bar setup. The edges of some of the specimens were removed after cyclic loading to discriminate between the effects of damage at the edges and in the bulk of the material. Results revealed that early fatigue failure is due to the growth of cracks on the machined edges of the specimens. Edge cracks can randomly reduce fracture strain and energy absorbing capacity. However, cyclic damage does not affect the tensile properties of the bulk material.
Designing Quadratic Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fibers for Soliton Compression to Few-cycle Pulses (2007)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the limit of large phase mismatch, given by Deltabeta=beta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -2beta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> effectively induces a Kerr-like nonlinear phase shift on the fundamental wave (FW). The phase mismatch determines the sign and magnitude of the effective Kerr nonlinearity, making large negative phase shifts accessible. This self-defocusing nonlinearity can be used to compress a pulse when combined with normal dispersion, and problems normally encountered due to self-focusing in cubic media are avoided. Thus, having no power limit, in bulk media a self-defocusing soliton compressor can create high-energy near single-cycle fs pulses (Liu et al., 2006). However, the group-velocity mismatch (GVM) between the FW and second harmonic (SH), given by the inverse group velocity difference d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> =1/V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g,1</sub> - 1/V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g,2</sub> , limits the pulse quality and compression ratio. Especially very short input pulses (<100 fs) experience a Raman-like effect with a characteristic time T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R,SHG</sub> =2|d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> |/Deltabeta [1c]. Here we address the limits imposed by GVM by using thermally-poled silica photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) for cascaded quadratic (chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2)</sup> : chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2)</sup> ) soliton compression. In standard silica fibers strong effective quadratic nonlinearities around 1 pm/V have been created with poling. PCFs are instead interesting because they have very strong wave-guide dispersion that can be tailored: for SHG index-guiding silica PCFs with a triangular hole-arrangement can have zero GVM for any FW wavelength lambda=780 nm by adjusting the PCF hole pitch A and hole diameter d (Bache et al., 2006). The paper presents a simulations predict that high-quality compression to few-cycle pulses in poled PCFs is possible. Such a waveguided geometry can extend the compression technique to lower-energy pulses and produce uniformly compressed beams.
Field Accident Evaluations and Experimental Study of Seat Back Performance Relative to Rear-Impact Occupant Protection (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study examines in some detail 23 actual rear-impact cases dealing with front seat collapse and compares the findings with similar results from 23 Canadian cases. In addition, seat tests and car-to-car crash tests are utilized to examine the potential hazards and/or benefits of collapsing versus non-collapsing seat systems. Evaluation of the above 46 cases indicates that an extremely high rate of rearward ejection occurs to restrained front-seat occupants subjected to rear impact. The majority of those ejected experienced serious to fatal injuries, either from contact in the rear or outside of the vehicle, when seated in collapsing seats. These results are contrary to some earlier published data and, as such, recommendations are made which could help improve data collection methods so as to better evaluate the issues associated with rear-impact seat strength.&lt;/div&gt;
Hydrothermal Carbon from Biomass: Structural Differences between Hydrothermal and Pyrolyzed Carbons via 13C Solid State NMR (2011)

The objective of this paper is to better describe the structure of the hydrothermal carbon (HTC) process and put it in relationship with the more classical pyrolytic carbons. Indeed, despite the low energetic impact and the number of applications described so far for HTC, very little is known about the structure, reaction mechanism, and the way these materials relate to coals. Are HTC and calcination processes equivalent? Are the structures of the processed materials related to each other in any way? Which is the extent of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) inside HTC? In this work, the effect of hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis are compared on glucose, a good model carbohydrate; a detailed single-quantum double-quantum (SQ-DQ) solid state (13)C NMR study of the HTC and calcined HTC is used to interpret the spectral region corresponding to the signal of furanic and arene groups. These data are compared to the spectroscopic signatures of calcined glucose, starch, and xylose. A semiquantitative analysis of the (13)C NMR spectra provides an estimation of the furanic-to-arene ratio which varies from 1:1 to 4:1 according to the processing conditions and carbohydrate employed. In addition, we formulate some hypothesis, validated by DFT (density functional theory) modeling associated with (13)C NMR chemical shifts calculations, about the possible furan-rich structural intermediates that occur in the coalification process leading to condensed polyaromatic structures. In combination with a broad parallel study on the HTC processing conditions effect on glucose, cellulose, and raw biomass (Falco, C.; Baccile, N.; Titirici, M.-M. Green Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1GC15742F), we propose a broad reaction scheme and in which we show that, through HTC, it is possible to tune the furan-to-arene ratio composing the aromatic core of the produced HTC carbons, which is not possible if calcination is used alone, in the temperature range below 350 °C.