gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive Testing Methods for Underwater Tunnel Linings: Practical Application at Chesapeake Channel Tunnel (2016)

A field evaluation of an underwater tunnel was conducted using a variety of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, including visual inspection, air- and ground-coupled ground-penetrating radar (GPR), ultrasonic tomography (UST), and impact echo (IE). An air-coupled GPR antenna was used along with visual inspection to identify areas of interest in the Chesapeake Channel Tunnel near Norfolk, Virginia. After potential regions were identified, a robotic scanner with pneumatically driven suction feet was used to automatically scan the area using ground-coupled GPR, UST, and IE. Regions were also evaluated using manually applied UST. These methods combined with powerful software presented the element under inspection as a 3D volume for thorough inspection. This study shows that this particular combination of NDT techniques can efficiently and effectively identify and locate reinforcement, backwall depth, and potentially delaminated areas. By analyzing the phase shift of ultrasonic waves, it is also shown that UST techniques can be used to potentially determine the condition of the backwall and reinforcement bonding.
Optimal Pricing and Investment in Electricity Supply: An Essay in Applied Welfare Economics (1970)

"Optimal Pricing and Investment in Electricity Supply: An Essay in Applied Welfare Economics." Journal of the Operational Research Society, 21(1), pp. 144–145
Combined modality approach to treatment of malignant gliomas--re-evaluation of RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374 with long-term follow-up: a joint study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. (1988)

The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase III trial in patients with malignant gliomas to evaluate 4 treatment arms: 1) 60 Gy to the whole brain; 2) 60 Gy plus 10-Gy boost; 3) 60 Gy plus carmustine (BCNU); and 4) 60 Gy plus semustine plus dacarbazine. Between September 1974 and March 1979, 626 patients with malignant gliomas were treated on protocol RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374. Each institution chose a subset of the treatments to which the patients would be randomized. Patients were stratified according to subset and randomized to the 4 treatment arms. There were no differences in survival among treatment arms. For patients greater than 60 years of age, the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy did not improve survival. For patients aged 40-60 years, there was a statistically significant increase in overall survival when BCNU was added to 60 Gy (P less than .01), with an increase in 2-year survival from 8% to 23%. This beneficial effect of BCNU is apparent in both histological groups (astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic foci and glioblastoma multiforme). Although few confirmatory autopsies are available, long-term survival in patients with astrocytomas with atypical and anaplastic foci who were treated with 60 Gy plus BCNU (5-yr survival, 22%) suggests no significant late CNS toxicity, compared to 60 Gy alone (5-yr survival, 15%). This is confirmed by comparable neurological function in long-term survivors.
Facile fabrication of raspberry-like composite microspheres for the construction of superhydrophobic films and applications in highly efficient oil–water separation (2017)

Inspired by the “lotus effect”, we proposed a facile synthetic route toward raspberry-like PS@SiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres, which further lead to superhydrophobic surfaces.
Řízení technologického pohybu pomocí krokového motoru s využitím měření odchylky od žádaného stavu z obrazu (2015)

The aim of this thesis is the proposal of motion control of technological effector on the basis of planned simulation experiments of technological device with stepper motor. This includes drawing the basic function of technological device arrangement in CAD software, the physical model creation of the arrangement including a stepper motor, planned simula-tion experiments implementation, analysis and the final proposal of the technological ef-fector control. Own measurement takes place on the PLC based on the industrial camera evaluation of optical jags' position deviation in PC. The thesis also deals image processing algorithms, as a means for determine the deviation. Image processing algorithms and PLC master control take place on personal computers with process visualization.
Analysis of alignment modeling for Nikon steppers (2009)

The alignment system, as one of key component for stepper, developed rapidly in the last few years because of huge requirement on advanced exposing tools for VLSI and MEMS. Alignment accuracy is mainly affected by errors coming from mark deformations and optical system. In this paper, we combined mathematical model of Nikon stepper alignment optical system and analyzed alignment errors of Nikon stepper caused by mark deformation in different processes. The model was verified by different experiments. Finally some improvement process is put forward to enhance alignment accuracy.
Profiling of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Mouse Intracerebral Hemorrhage Models: Collagenase Injection vs. Autologous Arterial Whole Blood Infusion (2021)

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the subsequent formation of brain edema is the most severe consequence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), leading to drastic neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal cell death. A better understanding of ICH pathophysiology to develop effective therapy relies on selecting appropriate animal models. The collagenase injection ICH model and the autologous arterial whole blood infusion ICH model have been developed to investigate the pathophysiology of ICH. However, it remains unclear whether the temporal progression and the underlying mechanism of BBB breakdown are similar between these two ICH models. In this study, we aimed to determine the progression and the mechanism of BBB disruption via the two commonly used murine ICH models: the collagenase-induced ICH model (c-ICH) and the double autologous whole blood ICH model (b-ICH). Intrastriatal injection of 0.05 U collagenase or 20 μL autologous blood was used for a comparable hematoma volume in these two ICH models. Then we analyzed BBB permeability using Evan's blue and IgG extravasation, evaluated tight junction (TJ) damage by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Western blotting, and assessed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) mRNA expression by Gelatin gel zymography and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that the BBB leakage was associated with a decrease in TJ protein expression and an increase in MMP-9 activity and AQP4 expression on day 3 in the c-ICH model compared with that on day 5 in the b-ICH model. Additionally, using TEM, we found that the TJ was markedly damaged on day 3 in the c-ICH model compared with that on day 5 in the b-ICH model. In conclusion, the BBB was disrupted in the two ICH models; compared to the b-ICH model, the c-ICH model presented with a more pronounced disruption of BBB at earlier time points, suggesting that the c-ICH model might be a more suitable model for studying early BBB damage and protection after ICH.
No detection of SV40 DNA in mesothelioma tissues from a high incidence area in Sweden. (2008)

Simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyoma virus of the rhesus macaque was discovered in 1960 as a contaminant of human polio vaccines produced in monkey cells. A number of studies have reported the detection of SV40 nucleotide sequences in human tumors, mainly mesotheliomas, but the reports have not been consistent. The presence of SV40 in 26 consecutive cases of malignant mesothelioma of biphasic type was investigated using a SV40 quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a sensitivity of 10 copies of viral DNA per sample. All the samples were also tested for amplifiability using a real-time PCR for the beta-globin gene. Eighteen tumors were amplifiable, but none contained SV40 DNA. The results do not support an association between mesothelioma and SV40.
Back to the future (1998)

Much has changed in nursing over the past 20 years, and most of it for the better, says nurse returner Kate Sutherland
Bi-Based Oxide Superconducting Current Lead. Properties of 100A-Class Bulk Leads Processed by Intermediate C.I.P. (1991)

The influence of an intermediate cold isostatic pressing (C. I. P.) on the superconducting properties of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting bulk has been investigated, and heat input per a pair of the bulk between 4.2K and 77K has been evaluated. The critical current density (Jc) was improved by the effect of C. I. P. and sintering after initial sintering. The maximum transport Jc at 77K under zero magnetic field was indicated as 580A/cm2, and that at 4.2K under zero magnetic field was indicated as about 3, 500A/cm2. The reasons for these improvements are the formation of the high Tc single phase with a fraction of low Tc phase and the higher density increasing of microstructure. The heat input per a pair of the bulk between 4.2K and 77K has been indicated to be about 60mW and also considered to be of nearly one-third lower than the level of 100A DC condition for the optimum designed current leads with helium vapor cooling.
Mechanism responsible for inactivation of skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in starvation and diabetes. (1999)

Regulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in skeletal muscle plays an important role in fuel selection and glucose homeostasis. Activation of the complex promotes disposal of glucose, whereas inactivation conserves substrates for hepatic glucose production. Starvation and diabetes induce a stable increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in skeletal muscle mitochondria that promotes phosphorylation and inactivation of the complex. The present study shows that these metabolic conditions induce a large increase in the expression of PDK4, one of four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzymes expressed in mammalian tissues, in the mitochondria of gastrocnemius muscle. Refeeding starved rats and insulin treatment of diabetic rats decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity and also reversed the increase in PDK4 protein in gastrocnemius muscle mitochondria. Starvation and diabetes also increased the abundance of PDK4 mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle, and refeeding and insulin treatment again reversed the effects of starvation and diabetes. These findings suggest that an increase in amount of this enzyme contributes to hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in these metabolic conditions. It was further found that feeding rats WY-14,643, a selective agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha), also induced large increases in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity, PDK4 protein, and PDK4 mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle. Since long-chain fatty acids activate PPAR-alpha endogenously, increased levels of these compounds in starvation and diabetes may signal increased expression of PDK4 in skeletal muscle.
Probiotika und Präbiotika: Grundlagen, Einsatz und Wirkungen beim gesunden und kranken Menschen (2003)

The study was purposed to investigate the effects of humanized recombined CD25 monoclonal antibody (rhCD25MAb) on activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were incubated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Before or after T cell activation, the cells were cultured with or without rhCD25MAb or cyclosporine A (CsA) in vitro. After 72 hours incubation, the proliferation of lymphocytes was analyzed by MTT assay. The expression of CD3 and CD25 antigens on T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of sIL-2R in the supernatants were determined with ELISA. The results showed that both rhCD25MAb and CsA could inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes significantly in concentration-dependent manner and CsA was more efficient than rhCD25MAb. Both rhCD25MAb and CsA could also decrease the levels of sIL-2R in the supernatant and inhibit the expression of CD25 antigen on T lymphocytes. The level of sIL-2R and the expression of CD25 on T lymphocytes decreases more profoundly in rhCD25MAb group. It is concluded that rhCD25MAb shows strong immunosuppressive activity both before and after T cell activation, suggesting that this agent may be useful in not only prophylaxis but also the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease.
Role of Virulence Factors in Resistance of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli to Serum and in Pathogenicity (2002)

In chickens, colibacillosis is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) via respiratory tract infection. Many virulence factors, including type 1 (F1A) and P (F11) fimbriae, curli, aerobactin, K1 capsule, and temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh) and plasmid DNA regions have been associated with APEC. A strong correlation between serum resistance and virulence has been demonstrated, but roles of virulence factors in serum resistance have not been well elucidated. By using mutants of APEC strains TK3, MT78, and chi7122, which belong to serogroups O1, O2, and O78, respectively, we investigated the role of virulence factors in resistance to serum and pathogenicity in chickens. Our results showed that serum resistance is one of the pathogenicity mechanisms of APEC strains. Virulence factors that increased bacterial resistance to serum and colonization of internal organs of infected chickens were O78 lipopolysaccharide of E. coli chi7122 and the K1 capsule of E. coli MT78. In contrast, curli, type 1, and P fimbriae did not appear to contribute to serum resistance. We also showed that the iss gene, which was previously demonstrated to increase resistance to serum in certain E. coli strains, is located on plasmid pAPEC-1 of E. coli chi7122 but does not play a major role in resistance to serum for strain chi7122.
EyeNet: A Multi-Task Deep Network for Off-Axis Eye Gaze Estimation (2019)

Eye gaze estimation is a crucial component in Virtual and Mixed Reality. In head-mounted VR/MR devices the eyes are imaged off-axis to avoid blocking the user's gaze, this view-point makes drawing eye related inferences very challenging. In this work, we present EyeNet, the first single deep neural network which solves multiple heterogeneous tasks related to eye gaze estimation for an off-axis camera setting. The tasks include eye segmentation, IR LED glints detection, pupil and cornea center estimation. We benchmark all tasks on MagicEyes, a large and new dataset of 587 subjects with varying morphology, gender, skin-color, make-up and imaging conditions.
Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Moldy Homes: Comparison of Different Methods (2006)

In an effort to better understand the relationship between different fungal sampling methods in the indoor environment, four methods were used to quantify mold contamination in 13 homes with visible mold. Swab, fungal spore source strength tester (FSSST), and air samples (total of 52 samples) were analyzed using both the microscopic (total spore count) and culture-based (CFU count) enumeration techniques. Settled dust samples were analyzed for culturable fungi only, as the microscopic enumeration was restricted by the masking effect. The relationships between the data obtained with the different sampling methods were examined using correlation analysis. Significant relationships were observed between the data obtained from swab and FSSST samples both by the total counting (r = 0.822, p < 0.05) and by the CFU counting (r = 0.935, p < 0.01). No relationships were observed between air and FSSST samples or air and settled dust samples. Percentage culturability of spores for each sampling method was also calculated and found to vary greatly for all three methods (swab: 0.03% to 63%, FSSST: 0.1% to > 100%, air: 0.7% to 79%). These findings confirm that reliance on one sampling or enumeration method for characterization of an indoor mold source might not provide an accurate estimate of fungal contamination of a microenvironment. Furthermore, FSSST sampling appears to be an effective measurement of a mold source in the field, providing an upper bound estimate of potential mold spore release into the indoor air. Because of the small sample size of this study, however, further research is needed to better understand the observed relationships in this study.
Phosphorus complex of corrole (1998)

Reaction of 8,12-diethyl-2,3,7,13,17,18-hexamethylcorrole (1) with POCl3 in pyridine affords the first non-metal derivative of corrole; in this compound, 2, the phosphorus is in a pentavalent state and is different from analogous complexes of porphyrins.
Application of Top Drive Drilling to Horizontal Wells (1996)

Abstract Drilling practices, and the rig equipment required to successfully execute these practices, are critical to the success of horizontal wells. This equipment is often overlooked during well planning. This paper will review the common problem mechanisms associated with drilling horizontal wells and will outline how the use of top drives can help overcome these problems.
Stimulated VUV radiation from Z-pinch necks (1997)

Developing plasma foci and neck-type instabilities in Z-pinches emit beams or jets of high velocity plasma. Their highly charged ions can cause population inversion through selective charge exchange with colder ions in a target. Recent models [1] show population inversion in a disk-shaped region that moves along the discharge axis slightly slower than the plasma jet. The population inversion between n=4 and n=3 of Li-like-like ions of elements with nuclear charge Z=6–10 is high enough to see stimulated emission effects perpendicular to the discharge axis for pinches with currents of about a few hundred kA. Time-resolved and spatially resolved spectra in the vicinity of 4–3 transitions (50–52 nm) of the Li-like ion O VI were taken on the gas-puff Z-pinch installation “MP-100” [2]. Simultaneous VUV imaging of the plasma column was done using a combination of pinhole and multiframe MCP detector gated with 5 ns. The intensity ratio between 3p-4d (49.8 nm) and 3d-4f (52.0 nm) components is close to the equilibrium value 2.7 during compression, but it increases twice or three-fold when the “neck” develops. Spatially resolved measurements show that plasma regions with an anomalous ratio of these two lines are strongly correlated with the position of “neck” type instabilities.
Replication-guided nucleosome packing and nucleosome breathing expedite the formation of dense arrays (2014)

The first level of genome packaging in eukaryotic cells involves the formation of dense nucleosome arrays, with DNA coverage near 90% in yeasts. How cells achieve such high coverage within a short time, e.g. after DNA replication, remains poorly understood. It is known that random sequential adsorption of impenetrable particles on a line reaches high density extremely slowly, due to a jamming phenomenon. The nucleosome-shifting action of remodeling enzymes has been proposed as a mechanism to resolve such jams. Here, we suggest two biophysical mechanisms which assist rapid filling of DNA with nucleosomes, and we quantitatively characterize these mechanisms within mathematical models. First, we show that the 'softness' of nucleosomes, due to nucleosome breathing and stepwise nucleosome assembly, significantly alters the filling behavior, speeding up the process relative to 'hard' particles with fixed, mutually exclusive DNA footprints. Second, we explore model scenarios in which the progression of the replication fork could eliminate nucleosome jamming, either by rapid filling in its wake or via memory of the parental nucleosome positions. Taken together, our results suggest that biophysical effects promote rapid nucleosome filling, making the reassembly of densely packed nucleosomes after DNA replication a simpler task for cells than was previously thought.
Spatial Variation in the Origin of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Snow on the Juneau Icefield, Southeast Alaska (2015)

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a fundamental role in the biogeochemistry of glacier ecosystems. However, the specific sources of glacier DOC remain unresolved. To assess the origin and nature of glacier DOC, we collected snow from 10 locations along a transect across the Juneau Icefield, Alaska extending from the coast toward the interior. The Δ(14)C-DOC of snow varied from -743 to -420‰ showing progressive depletion across the Icefield as δ(18)O of water became more depleted (R(2) = 0.56). Older DOC corresponded to lower DOC concentrations in snow (R(2) = 0.31) and a decrease in percent humic-like fluorescence (R(2) = 0.36), indicating an overall decrease in modern DOC across the Icefield. Carbon isotopic signatures ((13)C and (14)C) combined with a three-source mixing model showed that DOC deposited in snow across the Icefield reflects fossil fuel combustion products (43-73%) and to a lesser extent marine (21-41%) and terrestrial sources (1-26%). Our finding that combustion aerosols are a large source of DOC to the glacier ecosystem during the early spring (April-May) together with the pronounced rates of glacier melting in the region suggests that the delivery of relic DOC to the ocean may be increasing and consequently impacting the biogeochemistry of glacial and proglacial ecosystems in unanticipated ways.
Creative activity support by extracting notable keywords from web pages with modified dates (2003)

Since there are many resources on WWW, it has been natural that we extract available information from them. In this paper, the system which activates us and which makes us creative is proposed. Generally, creative activities are realized by combinations of things which are already existed. Therefore, it will be a bonus for creative activities that the system discovers notable keywords from real Web pages. This discovery of keywords is realized by the combination of keywords extraction method and time information related to each Web page and each keyword. By using this system, users will be made a novel and original creation.
OS0418 A Dislocation-based Crystal Plasticity Simulation on Deformation Kink in Polycrystalline Mg Alloy with LPSO Phase (2013)

Mg alloys with long-period stacking ordered structure (LPSO) phase show excellent mechanical properties such as high specific strength. Although it is known that kink band formation in LPSO phase during plastic working strengthens the alloy, there is not much information about how the kink bands progress in the alloy. Also, the effect of misorientation between crystals has not been investigated sufficiently. We developed a dislocation-based crystal plasticity model suitable for crystals of LPSO phase and demonstrated two-dimensional FE analysis for single crystal of Mg-based LPSO phase. In this study, we carry out FE compression analysis for polycrystalline Mg alloy with LPSO phase in which single crystal of LPSO phase is sandwiched between two crystals of a-Mg phase. We use same computational model mentioned above for both LPSO phase and a-Mg phase of the alloy, however we distinguish each phase by assigning different CRSS to respective slip systems in each phase. Through this numerical simulation, we discuss the effect of a-Mg phase on kinking of LPSO phase.