gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier-induced refractive index change and optical absorption in wurtzite InN and GaN: Full-band approach (2010)

Based on the full band electronic structure calculations, first we consider the effect of $n$-type doping on the optical absorption and the refractive index in wurtzite InN and GaN. We identify quite different dielectric response in either case; while InN shows a significant shift in the absorption edge due to $n$-type doping, this is masked for GaN due to efficient cancellation of the Burstein-Moss effect by the band gap renormalization. Moreover, for high doping levels the intraband absorption becomes significant in InN. For energies below 1 eV, the corresponding shifts in the real parts of the dielectric function for InN and GaN are in opposite directions. Furthermore, we observe that the free-carrier plasma contribution to refractive index change becomes more important than both band filling and the band gap renormalization for electron densities above ${10}^{19}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in GaN, and ${10}^{20}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in InN. As a result of the two different characteristics mentioned above, the overall change in the refractive index due to $n$-type doping is much higher in InN compared to GaN, which in the former exceeds 4% for a doping of ${10}^{19}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ at $1.55\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ wavelength. Finally, we consider intrinsic InN under strong photoexcitation which introduces equal density of electron and holes thermalized to their respective band edges. The change in the refractive index at $1.55\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ is observed to be similar to the $n$-doped case up to a carrier density of ${10}^{20}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. However, in the photoexcited case this is now accompanied by a strong absorption in this wavelength region due to ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}^{v}$ intravalence band transition. Our findings suggest that the alloy composition of ${\text{In}}_{x}{\text{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\text{N}$ can be optimized in the indium-rich region so as to benefit from high carrier-induced refractive index change while operating in the transparency region to minimize the losses. These can have direct implications for InN-containing optical phase modulators and lasers.
A Study of Optimal Allocation of Detectors for Traffic Signal Control System (2013)

Nowadays, signal controllers of main cities of Japan are operated by Police Traffic Control Center. The traffic information is accumulated by various kinds of sensors (loop coil, optical beacon, traffic counter etc), and then traffic information (accident, traffic jam etc) is generated and offered. Recently the authors need more and more advanced traffic control system by utilizing traffic flow data. But traffic counter can't measure travel time between one to another point. Instead, the authors utilize uplink and probe information data, and then the authors accomplish advanced traffic control system. According to optimal allocation of vehicle detectors, the possibility that reduction of large cost of detector's maintenance is planned by traffic signal control system increases, but the allocation of detectors is important to grasp an effect evaluation in real time, and a change of the traffic flow suggests by the main subject based on inspection about allocation for all traffic lanes in the outflow intersections around critical intersections. This paper describes optimal detector allocation and makes it possible to reduce detectors.
Industrial evolution in developing countries : micro patterns of turnover, productivity, and market structure (1996)

This book presents the results of a project designed to link changes in trade policy with patterns of producer entry, exit, and adjustment characterizing developing country producers, using plant-level data, which reveals micro aspects of the relation between commercial policy and industrial sector performance. The researchers used data gathered from the manufacturing sector of five countries, Chile, Colombia, Morocco, Turkey, and Mexico to pursue the question of how industrial sectors in developing countries evolve. The country studies are collected in part 2, with an overview provided in chapter 8 of the same part. Part 1 draws together evidence on a single issue from a number of countries, focusing on the employment shifts that result from the entry, growth, and exit of manufacturing plants; addressing the cross-firm differences in productivity at the micro level; and quantifying how the turnover process sorts out efficient and inefficient producers. Other chapters address the sources of heterogeneity across producers, with emphasis on the role of economies of scale and foreign direct investment. Chapter 1 summarizes the main lessons, particularly, that the degree of producer turnover in the manufacturing sectors of semi-industrialized countries is on average GREATER than that found in industrialized countries, so the competitive pressures are at least as great. Furthermore, the countries relatively open to trade examined in this research show no evidence that imports contribute additional pressure at the margin. Rather, dying plants become progressively less productive in their final years while new plants that survive improve rapidly. Since a large fraction of the manufacturing sector turns over within five to ten years, policies that inhibit this replacement process probably have substantial medium- and long-term detrimental effects on productivity.
Aortic Arch Syndrome with Cardiomegaly and Aortic Calcification (1961)

Three cases of the aortic arch syndrome with cardiomegaly and aortic calcification as cardinal symptoms were reported. Fifteen necropsy cases of pulseless disease in Japan were reviewed chiefly about heart involvement, sites of lesion in vascular system and etiological consideration. These reported cases suggest that there is a heart lesion produced by the same cause as the generalized idiopathic arteritis.
Mobile Ticketing System Employing TrustZone Technology (2005)

Security in mobile commerce is becoming more important due to increasing demand from users wishing to perform online transactions over mobile devices. Security is one of the critical issues for successful adoption of mobile commerce both from an operator and user perspective. Although there are many aspects relating to security in this paper we concentrate on one of the current difficulties concerned with the provision of mobile receipt. Current systems depend entirely on the merchant providing the proof of purchase relating to a particular item or service and many users can experience difficulty if the system fails. Further, as current mobile devices do not offer any verifiable security over the data stored means that merchants can have little confidence in receipts stored on the device. In this paper we present a simple mobile receipt system that offers security both for customer and merchant based on the new TrustZone architecture for ARM devices.
Transformación de Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 con genes pr1A, pr1J y ste1 de Metarhizium anisopliae y evaluación de su patogenicidad sobre la broca del café (2005)

Beauveria bassiana strain 9205 (Bb9205) was transformed with protease genes (pr1A and pr1J ) and one sterase gene (ste 1) isolated from fletartiizium anisopliae that are involved in insect pathogenicity. The goal of this research was lo increase the pathogenicity of the strain against the coffee berry borer. !iypothenemus hampei. To do this, genes were cloned into the plasmid pBarOF’El that confers resistance to the herbicide ammonium-gluphosinate. A monosporic une of strain Bb9205 was obtained with pathogenicity of’ 78% mortality against 11. hampei, using 1 x 106 spore/ml. Protoplasts were produced from this monosporic line. The methodology for the protoplast production was optimized obtaining 3 x 10 protoplasts/ml after enzymatic pretreatment for 4 hours under slow agitation at 37°C. ‘flEansformation was carried out with the plasmids pBarGPEl- pr1A, pBarOPEI-priJ and pBarGPF.1-ste 1 by PEO and electroporation. Two strains transformed with the pr1A gene and one strain transformed with the .ste 1 gen were obtained, that showed resistance to 25 itg/ml of ammonium glufosinate. These strains showed increased proteolytic and sterolytic activity, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, pathogenicity tests of 13. bassiana transformants was compared to untransformed monosporic 13b9205. Constitutive over-expression of protease in the transgenic strain Bb9205-pr 1A improved its insecticidal activity. The transformed strain showed a 21,7% increase in the insect mortality rate with 14,3% reduction in the time of mortality. The Bb9205-ste 1 transformant strain showed a 9,5% reduction of the time of mortality compared with the untransforrned strain. The results indicate that breeding of 13eauveria strains by genetic transformation can be achieved for purposes of better biological control.
Oxidative damage of pulp cellulose during different bleaching operations (2006)

An oxidative damage at pulp cellulose is not desirable but unavoidable during pulp bleaching. The oxidation at C-6 hydroxyl group results in a formation of C6-aldehyde and/or C6-carboxyl (glucuroni ...
Modular high-throughput and low-latency sorting units for FPGAs in the Large Hadron Collider (2011)

This paper presents efficient techniques for designing high-throughput, low-latency sorting units for FPGA implementation. Our sorting units use modular design techniques that hierarchically construct large sorting units from smaller building blocks. They are optimized for situations in which only the M largest numbers from N inputs are needed; this situation commonly occurs in high-energy physics experiments and other forms of digital signal processing. Based on these techniques, we design parameterized, pipelined sorting units. A detailed analysis indicates that their resource requirements scale linearly with the number of inputs, latencies scale logarithmically with the number of inputs, and frequencies remain fairly constant. Synthesis results indicate that a single pipelined 256-to-4 sorting unit with 19 stages can perform 200 million sorts per second with a latency of about 95 ns per sort on a Virtex-5 FPGA.
On-the-Fly Evaluation of FPGA-Based True Random Number Generator (2009)

Many embedded security chips require a high-quality digital True Random Number Generator (TRNG). Recently, some new TRNGs have been proposed in the literature, innovating by their new architectures. Moreover, some of them don't need to use the post-processing unit usually required in TRNG constructions. As a result, the TRNG data rate is enhanced and the produced random bits only depend on the noise source and its sampling. However, selecting a TRNG can be a delicate problem. In a hardware context (e.g. Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation), the design area and power consumption are important criterions. To the best of our knowledge, no effective comparison of several TRNGs appears in the literature. This paper evaluates the randomness behavior, the area and the power consumption of the latest TRNGs. These investigations are realized into real conditions, by implementing the TRNGs into FPGA circuits.
Optomechanical dark mode (2013)

Summary form only given. Thermal mechanical motion hinders the use of a mechanical system in applications such as quantum information processing. A straightforward, but technically challenging, approach to overcome the thermal motion is to cool the mechanical oscillator to its motional ground state. An alternative approach, as proposed recently, is to exploit the use of a mechanically-dark mode, which is a special coherent superposition of two optical modes [1, 2]. The cancellation in the mechanical coupling induced by the superposition decouples the dark mode from the mechanical oscillator. The formation of the dark mode, however, also induces a conversion of the optical field from one optical mode to the other. This type of mechanically-mediated coupling is immune to thermal mechanical motion, providing a promising mechanism for interfacing hybrid quantum systems. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of such a dark mode by coupling two optical modes in a silica resonator to one of its mechanical breathing modes in the regime of weak optomechanical coupling [3].
Layout decompression chip for maskless lithography (2004)

Future maskless lithography systems require data throughputs of the order of tens of terabits per second in order to have comparable performance to today’s mask-based lithography systems. This work presents an approach to overcome the throughput problem by compressing the layout data and decompressing it on the chip that interfaces to the writers. To achieve the required throughput, many decompression paths have to operate in parallel. The concept is demonstrated by designing an interface chip for layout decompression, consisting of a Huffman decoder and a Lempel-Ziv systolic decompressor. The 5.5mm x 2.5mm prototype chip, implemented in a 0.18&#956;m, 1.8V CMOS process is fully functional at 100MHz dissipating 30mW per decompression row. By scaling the chip size up and implementing it in a 65nm technology, the decompressed data throughput required for writing 60 wafers per hour in 45nm technology is feasible.
Comparison of a 24-day and a 21-day pill regimen for the novel combined oral contraceptive, nomegestrol acetate and 17 -estradiol (NOMAC/E2): a double-blind, randomized study (2011)

BACKGROUND Nomegestrol acetate/17β-estradiol (NOMAC/E(2)) is a new monophasic oral contraceptive combining NOMAC (2.5 mg), a highly selective progesterone-derived progestogen, with E(2) (1.5 mg), which is structurally identical to endogenous estrogen. The objective of this study was to compare the effects on ovarian activity of two different NOMAC/E(2) regimens. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized study. Healthy, premenopausal women (aged 18-38 years, previous menstrual cycle length 28 ± 7 days) were randomized by computer-generated code to once-daily NOMAC/E(2) for three consecutive 28-day cycles: either 24 days with a 4-day placebo interval (n = 40) or 21 days with a 7-day placebo interval (n = 37) per cycle. Follicular growth (primary outcome measure), plasma hormone profiles and bleeding patterns were assessed. RESULTS There was no evidence of ovulation during treatment with either NOMAC/E(2) regimen. The largest follicle diameter was significantly smaller in the 24-day group than in the 21-day group [mean (SD) mm in cycle 2: 9.0 (3.0) versus 11.3 (5.3) (P = 0.02); in cycle 3: 9.2 (3.0) versus 11.5 (6.0) (P = 0.04)]. Mean FSH plasma levels were significantly lower in the 24-day versus the 21-day group on Day 24 of cycles 1 and 2. Withdrawal bleeding duration was significantly shorter in the 24-day than in the 21-day group [mean (SD) days after cycle 1: 3.5 (1.3) versus 5.0 (2.6) (P = 0.002); after cycle 2: 3.9 (1.6) versus 4.8 (1.7) (P = 0.03)]. CONCLUSIONS The 24-day NOMAC/E(2) regimen was associated with greater inhibition of follicular growth and shorter duration of withdrawal bleeding than the 21-day regimen, suggesting the shorter pill-free interval results in a greater margin of contraceptive efficacy and tolerability, and fewer withdrawal symptoms.
Proposal for a Liquid-piston Steam Engine (2012)

A novel liquid-piston steam engine, which can achieve high efficiency in the low-temperature region of T < 300°C as well as high reliability and low cost, has been developed. In this study, the steam engine achieved a thermal efficiency of 12.7% at heating and cooling temperatures of 270 and 90°C, respectively, when sintered metal was employed in the heating section. This efficiency value is approximately 40% that of the Carnot cycle. There are expectations for this liquid-piston steam engine to be used as a energy conversion device for waste heat recovery systems.
Expression of an Erwinia pectate lyase in three species of Aspergillus. (1996)

Transgenic filamentous fungi of the species Aspergillus niger, A. nidulans and A. awamori expressing and secreting Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica pectate lyase 3 (PL3) were generated. Correct processing of the pre-enzyme was achieved using the A. niger pectin lyase A (PEL A) signal peptide. With the prepro-peptide of A. niger polygalacturonase II, secreted enzymes still possessed the 6- aa pro-sequence, indicating the importance of the conformation of the precursor protein for correct cleavage of the signal sequence. PL3 expression was markedly increased in media optimized for limited protease activity, and reached 0.4, 0.8 and 2.0 mg/l for expression in A. niger, A. awamori and A. nidulans, respectively. Glycans attached to the PL3 enzymes exhibited species-specific differences, and an increase of molecular mass coincided with reduced specific activities of the enzymes.
Mask transmission resonance in bi-layer masks (2008)

We report on the experimental observation of mask transmission resonances in line/space gratings on bi-layer mask stacks and on the validation by mask 3D lithographic simulations. The mask transmission resonances manifest themselves as a local enhancement in the dose-to-size curve through mask line width for a given pitch targeted to a fixed wafer CD. We observed this resonance in gratings on a bi-layer Ta/SiON 1% attenuated phase shift mask (att.PSM). We relate the finding to a local transmission loss of the propagating diffraction orders in this range of mask line widths. This resonant-type anomaly has a large impact on the imaging performance of the mask stack. The through-mask-line-width behavior of the mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) shows strong variations and even negative MEEF values around the position of this resonance, which stem from the local dose-to-size enhancement. More precisely, the behavior of the MEEF can be well predicted by the differential of the dose-to-size curve. In this study we investigate both by experiments and simulations the dependency of this mask transmission resonance on various lithographic conditions such as incidence angle and polarization state of the incoming light, grating pitch, and mask material. Based on our findings we provide an explanation of the underlying optical mechanism.
Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels and Disease Dissemination in Leprosy and Leishmaniasis (1990)

It has been suggested that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) may serve as an important antigen-independent host defense mechanism against parasitic organisms. Sera from 66 patients with leishmaniasis and 68 patients with leprosy, all from Ethiopia, were tested for TNF alpha using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Sera from patients with the multi-parasitic/bacillary type of disease (visceral or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and lepromatous leprosy), known to be associated with absent or low specific T cell response, contained significantly higher TNF alpha titers than those of patients with pauci-parasitic/bacillary disease (localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and nonlepromatous leprosy). High titers of TNF alpha in the absence of a functioning T cell response do not appear to confer resistance against Leishmania aethiopica and Mycobacterium leprae.
Turning Centralized Coherence and Distributed Critical-Section Execution on their Head (2015)

A coherent global address space in a distributed system enables shared memory programming in a much larger scale than a single multicore or a single SMP. Without dedicated hardware support at this scale, the solution is a software distributed shared memory (DSM) system. However, traditional approaches to coherence (centralized via "active" home-node directories) and critical-section execution (distributed across nodes and cores) are inherently unfit for such a scenario. Instead, it is crucial to make decisions locally and avoid the long latencies imposed by both network and software message handlers. Likewise, synchronization is fast if it rarely involves communication with distant nodes (or even other sockets). To minimize the amount of long-latency communication required in both coherence and critical section execution, we propose a DSM system with a novel coherence protocol, and a novel hierarchical queue delegation locking approach. More specifically, we propose an approach, suitable for Data-Race-Free programs, based on self-invalidation, self-downgrade, and passive data classification directories that require no message handlers, thereby incurring no extra latency. For fast synchronization we extend Queue Delegation Locking to execute critical sections in large batches on a single core before passing execution along to other cores, sockets, or nodes, in that hierarchical order. The result is a software DSM system called Argo which localizes as many decisions as possible and allows high parallel performance with little overhead on synchronization when compared to prior DSM implementations.
Kinetic Characterization, Inhibition, and Activity-Based Protein Profiling of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (2010)

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are SAM-dependent enzymes that catalyze the mono- and di-methylation of peptidyl arginine residues. Although all PRMTs produce mono-methyl arginine (MMA), type I PRMTs go on to form asymmetrically dimethylated arginine (ADMA), while type II enzymes form symmetrically dimethylated arginine (SDMA). The predominant member of the PRMT family is PRMT1, as it is responsible for approximately 85% of the arginine methylation in mammalian cells. Since PRMT1 exhibits type I activity, it is the primary producer of the competitive NOS inhibitor, ADMA. Recently, dysregulated PRMT1 activity has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Hence, potent inhibitors, which are highly selective for this particular isozyme, could serve as therapeutics for heart disease and cancer. However, the design of such inhibitors is impeded by a lack of information regarding this enzyme's mechanism of action and in vivo function. Analyses of the substrate specificity of PRMT1 have shown that the enzyme preferentially methylates substrate peptides with positively-charged residues distal to the methylation site. Mechanistic studies have also been used to demonstrate that PRMT1 methylates its substrates in a partially-processive fashion, utilizing a rapid equilibrium random mechanism with dead-end EAP and EBQ complexes. These results aided the design and synthesis of a potent PRMT1-selective inhibitor, denoted C21. As C21 is able to covalently modify PRMT1, fluorescent and biotinylated C21 derivatives have been used as activity-based protein profiling probes for the elucidation of PRMT1 in vivo function.
Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted 6-Aminoquinoxalines and Their Application to New Fluorescence Derivatization Reagents for Carboxylic Acids (1996)

Abstract Fluorescent 2,3-disubstituted 6-aminoquinoxalines were synthesized by reaction of 2,3-dichloro-6-nitroquinoxaline with some nucleophiles and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group. Further, two of them were demonstrated to be new high-sensitive fluorescence derivatization reagents (1 fmol/1 μl injection volume) for long-chain carboxylic acids.