gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A catalytic enantioselective synthesis of denopamine, a useful drug for congestive heart failure (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA catalytic enantioselective synthesis of denopamine, a useful drug for congestive heart failureE. J. Corey and John O. LinkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 442–444Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a084https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1095Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Development of a Photonic Crystal Fiber Delivery System for Laser Ignition in Engines (2014)

We report the use of hollow core kagome lattice Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) for fiberoptic delivery of laser induced sparks and engine ignition. Beam quality characterizations of the kagome fiber using 1064 nm light showed near single-mode output with M=1.2 at low power and M=1.4 at high power. High power characterizations showed maximum pulse energy (before onset of damage) of 12 mJ for pulse durations of 12 ns, and 30 mJ for pulse durations of 30 ns. These energies should be sufficient for laser ignition of even lean fuel-air mixtures. Finally, we have developed an initial prototype of a practical laser delivery system using 3 m length of coiled kagome fiber. We have demonstrated operation of a gasoline diesel injection (GDI) single-cylinder engine with 100% ignition reliability and coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure of 1.84%.
Automation of underground truck haulage (1997)

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the automation of underground truck haulage. Past attempts at automating LHDs and haul trucks are described and their particular strengths and weaknesses are listed. We argue that the simple auto-tramming systems currently being commercialised, that follow rail-type guides placed along the back, cannot match the performance, flexibility and reliability of systems based on modern mobile robotic principles. In addition, the lack of collision detection research in the underground environment is highlighted.
Augmented Skeleton Based Contrastive Action Learning with Momentum LSTM for Unsupervised Action Recognition (2020)

Action recognition via 3D skeleton data is an emerging important topic in these years. Most existing methods either extract hand-crafted descriptors or learn action representations by supervised learning paradigms that require massive labeled data. In this paper, we for the first time propose a contrastive action learning paradigm named AS-CAL that can leverage different augmentations of unlabeled skeleton data to learn action representations in an unsupervised manner. Specifically, we first propose to contrast similarity between augmented instances (query and key) of the input skeleton sequence, which are transformed by multiple novel augmentation strategies, to learn inherent action patterns ("pattern-invariance") of different skeleton transformations. Second, to encourage learning the pattern-invariance with more consistent action representations, we propose a momentum LSTM, which is implemented as the momentum-based moving average of LSTM based query encoder, to encode long-term action dynamics of the key sequence. Third, we introduce a queue to store the encoded keys, which allows our model to flexibly reuse proceeding keys and build a more consistent dictionary to improve contrastive learning. Last, by temporally averaging the hidden states of action learned by the query encoder, a novel representation named Contrastive Action Encoding (CAE) is proposed to represent human's action effectively. Extensive experiments show that our approach typically improves existing hand-crafted methods by 10-50% top-1 accuracy, and it can achieve comparable or even superior performance to numerous supervised learning methods.
Frequency dependence of the UWB indoor channel and the effects of the antenna directivity on path loss and multipath propagation (2010)

Aim of this contribution is to investigate the main channel parameters considering their frequency dependence and the effects of antenna directivity. The analysis relies on a hybrid Electromagnetic (EM) Ray-tracing Ultra Wideband (UWB) simulation technique, where the transfer functions of the antennas are determined using EM simulation tool and embedded in the ray-tracing tool in order to derive a deterministic description of the UWB wireless channel. The UWB channel is simulated from 1 - 11 GHz for an indoor environment using typical UWB omni-directional antennas and directional ones. A mathematical framework for the characterization of the main channel parameters, such as the environment dependent path loss exponent, the delay spread and the effects of the antennas characteristics and orientations will be discussed. Furthermore, the impact of different bandwidth and central frequencies on path loss exponent and multipath propagation would be also investigated.
Recurrence of Colorectal Neoplasm Cannot Be Predicted by Sonic Hedgehog Expression in the Normal Colonic Tissue (2012)

Background/Aims: The expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the colon cancer cell has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the association between Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa and the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm after tumor resection has not been well documented. The aim of the study was to determine the association between Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa and in the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm. Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent a long-term follow-up colonoscopy after the colorectal neoplasm resection were included. At the time of the tumor resection, Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa was examined. The association between Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa and the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm was analyzed. Results: In total, 97 colorectal neoplasms were detected among 41 subjects after a mean follow-up period of 63 weeks (range 27-254 weeks). Of 55 subjects, 26 (47.3%) exhibited positive Shh expression in the normal colonic tissue, and the recurrence rate did not differ with the degree of Shh expression (P=0.238). The degree of Shh expression was not associated with the number (P=0.389), size (P=0.928), location (P=0.410), pathologic types (P=0.127), or time of recurrence (P=0.711) of the recurred colorectal neoplasm. Conclusions: Most colorectal neoplasm patients show recurrence after the resection and exhibit Shh expression in the normal colonic tissue. The degree of Shh expression in the normal colonic mucosa does not predict the recurrence of colorectal neoplasm.
Right ventricular function and structure: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2009)

Introduction: Prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter/ defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) and an increased risk for life threatening ventricular arrhythmia (VA). The use of ICDs in this large patient population is still limited by high costs and possible adverse events including inappropriate discharges and progression of heart failure. VA is related to infarct size and seems to be related to infarct morphology. Contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (ceCMR) can detect and quantify myocardial fibrosis in the setting of CMI and might therefore be a valuable tool for a more accurate risk stratification in this setting. Hypothesis: ceCMR can identify the subgroup developing VA in patients with prophylactic ICD implantation following MADIT criteria. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 52 patients (49 males, age 69 10 years) with CMI and clinical indication for ICD therapy following MADIT criteria. Prior to implantation (36 78 days) patients were investigated on a 1.5 T clinical scanner (Siemens Avanto , Germany) to assess left ventricular function (LVEF), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV mass (sequence parameters: GRE SSFP, matrix 256 192, short axis stack; full LV coverage, no gap; slice thickness 6 mm). For quantitative assessment of infarct morphology late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was performed including measurement of total and relative infarct mass (related to LV mass) and the degree of transmurality (DT) as defined by the percentage of transmurality in each scar. (sequence parameters: inversion recovery gradient echo; matrix 256 148, imaging 10 min after 0.2 g/kg gadolinium DTPA; slice orientation equal to SSFP). MRI images were analysed using dedicated software (MASS , Medis, Netherlands). LGE was defined as myocardial areas with signal intensity above the average plus 5 SD of the remote myocardium. After implantation, patients were followed up including ICD readout after 3 and than every 6 months for a mean of 945 344 days. ICD data were evaluated by an experienced electrophysiologist. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of an appropriate discharge (DC), antitachycard pacing (ATP) or death from cardiac cause. Results: The endpoint occurred in 10 patients (3 DC, 6 ATP, 1 death). These patients had a higher relative infarct mass (28 7% vs. 22 11%, p = 0.03) as well as high degree of transmurality (64 22% vs. 44 25%, p = 0.05). Their LVEF (29 8% vs. 30 4%, p = 0.75), LV mass (148 29 g vs. 154 42 g, p = 0.60), LVEDV (270 133 ml vs. 275 83 ml, p = 0.90) or total infarct mass (43 19 g vs. 37 21 g, p = 0.43) were however not significant from the group with no events. In a cox proportional hazards regression model including LVEF, LVEDV, LV mass, DT and age, only degree of transmurality and relative infarct mass emerged as independent predictors of the primary end point (p = 0.009).
Oxygen Metabolism by Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase (2007)

Nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes both coupled and uncoupled reactions that generate nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Oxygen is often the overlooked substrate, and the oxygen metabolism catalyzed by NOS has been poorly defined. In this paper we focus on the oxygen stoichiometry and effects of substrate/cofactor binding on the endothelial NOS isoform (eNOS). In the presence of both L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin, eNOS is highly coupled (>90%), and the measured stoichiometry of O(2)/NADPH is very close to the theoretical value. We report for the first time that the presence of L-arginine stimulates oxygen uptake by eNOS. The fact that nonhydrolyzable L-arginine analogs are not stimulatory indicates that the occurrence of the coupled reaction, rather than the accelerated uncoupled reaction, is responsible for the L-arginine-dependent stimulation. The presence of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin quenched the uncoupled reactions and resulted in much less reactive oxygen species formation, whereas the presence of redox-incompetent 7,8-dihydrobiopterin demonstrates little quenching effect. These results reveal different mechanisms for oxygen metabolism for eNOS as opposed to nNOS and, perhaps, partially explain their functional differences.
Household Participation in the Section 8 Existing Housing Program (1981)

This article examines household participation in the national Section 8 Existing Housing Program funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It develops a prototype for evaluating a multistage selection process which requires potential recipients to pass through several discrete stages before becoming program participants. By comparing the relative success rates of various target groups at each stage of the selection process, local, state, and federal evaluations can provide policy makers and program managers with important information for modifying programs to improve their performance.
Excessive cannabis use is associated with earlier age at onset in bipolar disorder (2011)

The aim of the study was to investigate which factors are associated with age at onset in bipolar disorder with a specific focus on excessive alcohol and cannabis use, and the sequence of the onsets of excessive substance use and bipolar disorder. We investigated a naturalistic sample of 151 patients with bipolar I and II disorder receiving psychiatric treatment. Whether the presence of excessive substance use prior to bipolar disorder onset or the type of substance used (alcohol or cannabis) was associated with differences in age at onset was investigated using hierarchical and multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders. Patients with excessive alcohol use had a significantly later onset compared with patients with excessive cannabis use. Excessive general substance use prior to bipolar disorder onset was associated with a later onset. However, excessive cannabis use was associated with an earlier onset whether it preceded or followed bipolar disorder onset, also after adjusting for possible confounders. Excessive use of alcohol or other substances was not independently associated with age at onset in multivariate analyses. Alcohol use was associated with a later onset compared with cannabis use, suggesting different relationships to the onset of bipolar disorder. Lifetime use of cannabis predicted an earlier onset, independent of the sequence of onsets. This indicates that an early onset may increase the risk of cannabis use and that cannabis use may trigger bipolar disorder in vulnerable individuals.
Localized Preheating Approaches for Reducing Residual Stress in Additive Manufacturing (2006)

Uniform preheating can be used to limit residual stress in the solid freeform fabrication of relatively small parts. However, in additive manufacturing processes, where a feature is deposited onto a much larger part, uniform preheating of the entire assembly is typically not practical. This paper considers localized preheating to reduce residual stresses, building on previous work using a defined thermal gradient through the part depth as a metric for predicting maximum final residual stress. The building of thinwalled structures is considered. Two types of localized preheating approaches are compared, appropriate for use in laser- or electron beam-based additive manufacturing processes. In evaluating the effectiveness of each approach, a simplified thermomechanical model is used that can be related directly to analytical thermomechanical models for thermal stresses in unconstrained thin plates. Results are presented showing that one of the methods yields temperature profiles likely to yield reduced residual stresses at room temperature. Mechanical model results confirm this, showing a significant reduction in maximum stress values. A more complete thermomechanical simulation of thin wall fabrication is used to verify the trends seen in the simplified model results.
Open Access Networks (2003)

This paper introduces an innovative approach to an Open Access Network (OAN) built upon the existing “privately owned” wireless LANs and the users’ access lines (ADSL/VDSL, optical fibre, cable modems). By providing up to 25Mb/s shared capacity to the stationary and casually visiting users in a wireless LAN zone, the OAN is probably the only realistic alternative to realize the future 3G and 4G visions for mobile communication. An OAN has the potential to integrate P2P communication into legacy networks, thus new market segments will be opened for network and service providers, and new and improved services can be offered to the customers. The paper contains a superficial analysis of the actual elements needed to realise the network. Also, some of the most important network behaviour and performance parameters are identified and discussed.
Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes:  A Novel de Novo Approach Based on a Metal-Free Protocol for Stepwise Cycloaddition of o-Alkynylbenzaldehyde Derivatives with Either Alkynes or Alkenes (2003)

[reaction: see text]. Iodonium ions, o-alkynyl-substituted carbonyl compounds, and alkynes react to give 1-iodonaphthalene derivatives featuring interesting substitution patterns. The reaction with alkenes instead of acetylenes affords related naphthyl ketone derivatives. These two metal-free processes are conducted at room temperature and furnish products in a regioselective manner.
Evidence from EPR spectroscopy that phosphorylation of Ser‐40 in bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase facilitates the reduction of high‐spin Fe(III) under turnover conditions (1989)

The tetrahydrobiopterin‐dependent iron‐enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyses the rate‐limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data show that following phosphorylation of Ser‐40 by protein kinase A, the enzyme‐bound Fe(III), coordinated to catecholamines, can be reduced by 6‐methyl‐tetrahydropterin under turnover conditions. The 8‐fold increase in product formation upon phosphorylation can partly be explained by an increase in the fraction of active TH, by dissociation of the endogenous catecholamine inhibitors.
Development of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Neurotropic Alphavirus Replication. (2014)

Emerging mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses) constitute a large public health risk because of the ubiquity of mosquitoes and the potential for mosquito-human transmission. Neurotropic alphaviruses are of particular interest as they infect the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates, causing debilitating brain inflammation, damage, and (among some equine encephalitis viruses) fatality rates up to 40–70%. Many are listed as Category B agents of biodefense concern. There exist no effective human vaccines against neurotropic alphaviruses, underlining the need for effective antivirals, but no antiviral drugs are available for treating infection once the viruses have invaded the CNS. Therefore, the focus of our research was the development of new, novel compounds for the pharmacological intervention of CNS infection by neurotropic alphaviruses. To this end, we developed and synthesized novel analogues of a high-throughput screening lead to optimize potency in a western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) replicon assay and improve physicochemical properties predictive of in vivo blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We also synthesized rigidified analogues in order to identify bioactive conformations and requisite pharmacophore features. Furthermore, we established our own in-lab mouse liver microsome (MLM) assay and LC/MS/MS protocol to rapidly evaluate analogue metabolic stability. Together, this work has culminated in the identification of structural modifications that improve metabolic stability in the MLM assay, BBB-permeability in a BBB-PAMPA assay, aqueous solubility in a kinetic solubility assay. We also discovered properties that reduce efflux-transporter recognition in both a rhodamine123 and 3H-vinblastine uptake assay. We demonstrated that several reduced molecular weight (MW) pyrrole- and aniline-based compounds were capable of reducing titer against multiple virus families in live-virus assays by up to two orders of magnitude, and that at least one efflux-transporter-evasive pyrrole-based compound achieved measurable brain permeation in a pharmacokinetic mouse model. Moreover, our MLM metabolic stability protocol resulted in the discovery and promotion of compounds that demonstrated significant in vivo efficacy in an infected mouse model. These results represent a considerable step towards the development of a successful CNS-permeable antiviral for neurotropic alphaviruses.
AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF (E)-9-DODECEN-1-YL ACETATE, THE SEX PHEROMONE OFRHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (1988)

(1988). AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF (E)-9-DODECEN-1-YL ACETATE, THE SEX PHEROMONE OF RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 475-483.
Injury- and antigen-specific control of CD4 T cell reactivity by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (88.42) (2007)

Abstract Severe injury augments the potency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suggesting that Tregs might play a role in controlling unwanted CD4 T cell responses in the injured host. To test whether enhanced Treg activity might occur by an antigen driven process, we compared T cell responses in Treg-depleted sham and burn mice that received unsorted or CD25-depleted CD4+ T-cells from DO-11.10 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse. Unsorted DO-11.10 CD4+ T cells contain 10% CD25+FoxP3+ T-cells. Treg-depleted or control mice received 5 x 106 CD4 T cells or CD25-depleted CD4 T cells by i.v. injection, were immunized OVA323-339 peptide and then underwent sham or burn injury under anesthesia. At day 7, lymph node and spleen cells were prepared and stained with DO-11.10 TCR specific antibody. We observed a significant increase in DO-11.10 T cell expansion in sham and burn Treg-depleted mice that received CD4+CD25− T cells. This increased expansion occurred in sham, but not burn mice, receiving unsorted CD4 T cells suggesting that the co-transfer of CD25+ DO-11.10 T cells was sufficient to suppress T cell expansion in injured mice. The results of CFSE-studies confirmed that antigen-stimulated CD4+CD25− T-cells proliferate more vigorously in burn as compared to sham mice, but that transferring unsorted T cells prevents the injury-induced CD4 T cell expansion. These results indicate that injury influences Treg activity in an antigen-specific fashion and suggest that Tregs may play an active role in modulating CD4 T cell reactivity following injury
Synthesis and characterisation of permethylindenyl zirconium complexes and their use in ethylene polymerisation (2015)

We report here the synthesis, characterisation and use in solution and slurry phase ethylene polymerisation of new group 4 permethylindenyl complexes.
Polyurethanes. I. The solution polymerization of diisocyanates with ethylene glycol (1960)

Abstract Contrary to statements in the literature, it was found that useful polyurethanes could be prepared by the reaction of a diisocyanate with ethylene glycol. In this investigation m ‐phenylene diisocyanate, p ‐phenylene diisocyanate, 2, 4‐toluene diisocyanate, methylene bis(4‐phenyl isocyanate), durene diisocyanate, biphenylene diisocyanate, bis(4‐isocyanatophenyl) sulfone, 4,4′‐diisocyanatodiphenyl ether, 3,3′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐biphenylene diisocyanate, and 1,5‐naphthalene diisocyanate reacted with ethylene glycol in solution to give the corresponding polyurethanes. The reaction of methylene bis(4‐phenyl isocyanate) with ethylene glycol in dimethyl sulfoxide/4‐methylpentanone‐2 (50/50) gave a high molecular weight, linear polyurethane that could be solvent‐cast into films and dry‐spun into fibers. These films and fibers showed properties similar to those of existing commercial films and fibers.