gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro dermal irritancy tests (1987)

Current methods for predicting the dermal irritation potential of new compounds to man rely mostly on in vivo techniques. The method most commonly employed is based on that designed by Draize and co-workers (1944) using the visual assessment of oedema and erythema produced in rabbit skin after topical application of a test substance (Hood et al. 1977). Other workers have favoured the use of other species (using essentially similar methodology), such as the guinea pig and mouse (Hood et al. 1977).
Distributed Cooperative Reinforcement Learning-Based Traffic Signal Control That Integrates V2X Networks’ Dynamic Clustering (2017)

With the acceleration of urbanization in the world, urban traffic congestion has become an urgent challenge in most cities. Adaptive traffic signal control is the most approved control method to solve the problem, and accurate real-time traffic information is critical to this solution. This paper presents distributed cooperative reinforcement learning-based traffic control that integrates V2X networks’ dynamic clustering algorithm. To obtain traffic flow information accurately and instantaneously, it is important to improve the cluster stability in V2X networks. A dynamic clustering algorithm is proposed based on the enhanced affinity propagation. The proposed clustering algorithm introduces the initial cluster partition to maintain a proper cluster size and adds the lane and destination factors to improve the cluster's stability. The algorithm can provide efficient and accurate traffic state information to traffic signal controls. By integrating the clustering algorithm, a cooperative reinforcement learning control scheme is proposed to balance the traffic load. To address the tough dimensionality curse of reinforcement learning, a distributed mechanism for intersection cooperation is introduced, and a fast gradient-descent function approximation method is proposed to improve the controls’ real-time performance. The proposed intelligent traffic control scheme that integrates the stable clustering algorithm can effectively improve the traffic throughput, reduce the average waiting time, and avoid congestion. Numerical simulations on real scenarios validate the performance of the proposed approach.
Calibration of the instrumental polarization effects of SCExAO-CHARIS’ spectropolarimetric mode (2020)

SCExAO at the Subaru telescope is a visible and near-infrared high-contrast imaging instrument employing extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphy. The instrument feeds the near-infrared light (JHK) to the integral field spectrograph CHARIS. Recently, a Wollaston prism was added to CHARIS’ optical path, giving CHARIS a spectropolarimetric capability that is unique among high-contrast imaging instruments. We present a comprehensive and detailed Mueller matrix model describing the instrumental polarization effects of the complete optical path, thus the telescope and instrument, using measurements with the internal source and observations of standard stars. The 22 wavelength bins of CHARIS provide a unique opportunity to investigate in detail the wavelength dependence of the instrumental polarization effects. We find that the image derotator (K-mirror) produces strongly wavelength-dependent crosstalk, in the worst case converting ~95% of the incident linear polarization to circularly polarized light that cannot be measured. We fit the crosstalk of the half-wave plate (HWP) for all wavelengths with a simple two-parameter model of an achromatic HWP consisting of a layer of quartz and a layer of MgF2. While the magnitude of the telescope-induced polarization varies with wavelength, its angle varies solely with the altitude angle of the telescope. We show initial steps toward correcting on-sky data for the instrumental polarization effects, with which we aim to achieve a polarimetric accuracy &lt;0.1% in the degree of linear polarization. Our calibrations of CHARIS’ spectropolarimetric mode enable unique quantitative polarimetric studies of circumstellar disks and planetary and brown dwarf companions.
An Adaptive CM Array Preconditioner for Blind Multi-User Separation (2018)

The family of constant-modulus algorithms is widely used in wireless communication systems and in radar. The classical constant-modulus adaptive (CMA) algorithm, however, fails to lock onto a single mode when used in conjunction with an antenna array. Instead, it equalizes the entire spatial spectrum. In this paper, we describe in full detail our recently proposed approach for the separation of multiple users in a radio system with frequency reuse, such as a cellular network, making use of the CMA algorithm. Based on the observation that the differential filter weights resemble a superposition of the array steering vectors, we cast the original task to a direction-of-arrival estimation problem. With rigorous theoretical analysis of the array response based on the discrete-space Fourier transform we elaborate a solution that solves the problem by finding the roots of a polynomial equation. We provide a numerical example to demonstrate the validity of the approach under high-SNR conditions. In addition, we propose a more general preprocessor for the CMA array which allows the modulated signals to differ in amplitude. As a byproduct, the preprocessor yields a low-cost estimate of the number of concurrent users, i.e. the model order, by simply counting the roots with the strongest response.
Biological control of sugarcane borers through Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in Nayagarh district of Orissa. (1997)

Field release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii for the control of sugarcane borers were made in 1994 and 1995. In the four released sites, the early shoot borer incidence ranged from 1.8 to 2.7% and 2.1 to 3.4% in 1994 and 1995 whereas, the incidence of stalk borer ranged from 3.6 to 4.8% and 2.8 to 4.3% in the two test years. The incidence of the early shoot borer was 9.8 and 12.6% in 1994 and 1995 whereas, the internode borer was 11.9 and 13.7% in the test years.
Vacuum pumping system for spaceborne passive hydrogen masers (1981)

The ultimate utility of hydrogen masers as highly accurate clocks aboard navigation satellites depends on the feasibility of making the maser lightweight, compact, and capable of a 5 to 7 year unattended operation. A vacuum pumping system for the maser that is believed to meet these criteria was designed and fabricated. The pumping system was fabricated almost completely from 6Al-4V titanium alloy and incorporates two or four sintered zirconium carbon getter pumps with integral activation heaters. The manner in which the getter pumps were mounted to insure that they will stand both the activation and the shock of launch is illustrated. Data on the total hydrogen capacity and pumping of this system is also presented.
Causal Discovery from Temporally Aggregated Time Series. (2017)

Discovering causal structure of a dynamical system from observed time series is a traditional and important problem. In many practical applications, observed data are obtained by applying subsampling or temporally aggregation to the original causal processes, making it difficult to discover the underlying causal relations. Subsampling refers to the procedure that for every <i>k</i> consecutive observations, one is kept, the rest being skipped, and recently some advances have been made in causal discovery from such data. With temporal aggregation, the local averages or sums of <i>k</i> consecutive, non-overlapping observations in the causal process are computed as new observations, and causal discovery from such data is even harder. In this paper, we investigate how to recover causal relations at the original causal frequency from temporally aggregated data when <i>k</i> is known. Assuming the time series at the causal frequency follows a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, we show that the causal structure at the causal frequency is identifiable from aggregated time series if the noise terms are independent and non-Gaussian and some other technical conditions hold. We then present an estimation method based on non-Gaussian state-space modeling and evaluate its performance on both synthetic and real data.
Bubble Column Enables Higher Reaction Rate for Deracemization of (R,S)‐1‐Phenylethanol with Coupled Alcohol Dehydrogenase/NADH Oxidase System (2019)

Abstract One of the major drawbacks for many biocatalysts is their poor stability under industrial process conditions. A particularly interesting example is the supply of oxygen to biooxidation reactions, catalyzed by oxidases, oxygenases or alcohol dehydrogenases coupled with NAD(P)H (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases, which all require the continuous supply of molecular oxygen as an oxidant or electron acceptor. Commonly, oxygen is supplied to the bioreactor by air sparging. To ensure sufficient oxygen transfer from the gas to the liquid phase, stirring is essential to disperse the gas bubbles and create high gas‐liquid interfacial area. Studies indicate that the presence of gas‐liquid interface induces enzyme deactivation by protein unfolding which then readily aggregates and can subsequently precipitate. This contribution has examined the effects of stirring and the presence of gas‐liquid interface on the kinetic stability of water‐forming NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) (EC1.6.3.2). These effects were studied separately and a bubble column apparatus was successfully employed to investigate the influence of gas‐liquid interfaces on enzyme stability. Results showed that NOX deactivation increases in proportion to the gas‐liquid interfacial area. While air enhances the rate of stability loss compared to nitrogen, stirring causes faster loss of activity in comparison to a bubble column. Finally, deracemization of 1‐phenylethanol, using a coupled alcohol dehydrogenase /NADH oxidase system (ADH/NOX), proceeded with a higher rate in the bubble column than in quiescent or in a stirred solution, although, inactivation was also accelerated in the bubble column over a quiescent solution. magnified image
[Coronary sinus ostial atresia with thrombus: a case report]. (2005)

An 82-year-old woman presented with mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation. She was hospitalized for further examination of cardiac thrombus detected by transthoracic echocardiography. No definitive diagnosis could be made based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Intravenous contrast echocardiography suggested a coronary sinus thrombus. Coronary angiography showed coronary sinus ostial atresia. Multislice computed tomography confirmed the presence of thrombus in the enlarged coronary sinus with coronary sinus ostial atresia and persistent left superior vena cava. Persistent left superior vena cava is present in 3% of patients with congenital heart disease. Persistent left superior vena cava is detected by chance during cardiac catheterization for other conditions in patients without cardiac malformations. The present case was detected at an advanced age, and in the absence of prior symptoms.
Ultra-deep imaging of turbid samples by enhanced photon harvesting (2013)

We constructed an advanced detection system for two-photon fluorescence microscopy that allows us to image in biological tissue and tissue phantoms up to the depth of a few mm with micron resolution. The innovation lies in the detection system which is much more sensitive to low level fluorescence signals than the fluorescence detection configuration used in conventional two-photon fluorescence microscopes. A wide area photocathode photomultiplier tube (PMT) was used to detect fluorescence photons directly from a wide (1 inch diameter) area of the turbid sample, as opposed to the photon collection by the microscope objective which can only collect light from a relatively small area of the sample. The optical path between the sample and the photocathode is refractive index matched to curtail losses at the boundaries due to reflections. The system has been successfully employed in the imaging of tissue phantoms simulating brain optical properties and in biological tissues, such as murine small intestine, colon, tumors, and other samples. The system has in-depth fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) capabilities and is also highly suitable for SHG signal detection, such as collagen fibers and muscles, due to the intrinsically forward-directed propagation of SHG photons.
The Impact of Cell Site Re-Homing on the Performance of UMTS Core Networks (2010)

or 3G networks. The core network, as the parental part of radio network, is inevitably impacted by the re-homing in radio domain. This paper introduces the cell site re-homing in radio network and analyzes its impact on the performance of GSM/UMTS core network. The possible re-homing models are created and analyzed for core networks. The paper concludes that appropriate re-homing in radio domain, using correct algorithms, not only optimizes the radio network but also helps improve the QoS of the core network and saves the carriers' OPEX and CAPEX on their core networks.
ChemInform Abstract: ESTERS OF PHOSPHORUS OXY‐ACIDS AS ALKYLATING AGENTS PART 2, N‐ALKYLATION OF IMIDAZOLE AND RELATED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH TRIALKYL PHOSPHATES (1974)

Abstract Imidazol, Benzimidazol, Pyrazol, 1,2,4‐Triazol und Benzotriazol werden beim Erhitzen mit 1/3 Mol Trimethyl‐, Triäthyl‐ oder Tri‐n‐butylphosphat in Gegenwart von Triäthyl‐ oder Tri‐n‐butylamin bevorzugt am N1 alkyliert (Ausbeuten an N‐Alkylheterocycletn 50‐90%).
506 Examination of the roundness in the ELID Centerless Grinding (2000)

This paper describes a new centerless grinding method that developed of the regulation wheel with ELID system. In this study, detailed the regulation wheel were investigated to rubber type and metal-resin type bonded with ELID, and the roundness, surface roughness and straightness of the work piece. The result, the metal-resin bonded regulation wheel with ELID system could be achieved a good roundness and form accuracy surface roughness.
DotAligner: identification and clustering of RNA structure motifs (2017)

The diversity of processed transcripts in eukaryotic genomes poses a challenge for the classification of their biological functions. Sparse sequence conservation in non-coding sequences and the unreliable nature of RNA structure predictions further exacerbate this conundrum. Here, we describe a computational method, DotAligner, for the unsupervised discovery and classification of homologous RNA structure motifs from a set of sequences of interest. Our approach outperforms comparable algorithms at clustering known RNA structure families, both in speed and accuracy. It identifies clusters of known and novel structure motifs from ENCODE immunoprecipitation data for 44 RNA-binding proteins.
A comparative study of activity and apparent inhibition of fungal β‐glucosidases (2010)

β-Glucosidases (BGs) from Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Chaetomium globosum, Emericella nidulans, Magnaporthe grisea, Neurospora crassa, and Penicillium brasilianum were purified to homogeneity, and analyzed by isothermal titration calorimetry with respect to their hydrolytic activity and its sensitivity to glucose (product) using cellobiose as substrate. Global non-linear regression of several reactions, with or without added glucose, to a product inhibition equation enabled the concurrent derivation of the kinetic parameters k(cat), K(m), and the apparent product inhibition constant (app)K(i) for each of the enzymes. A more simple fit is not advisable to use as the determined (app)K(i) are in the same range as their K(m) for some of the tested BGs and produced glucose would in these cases interfere. The highest value for k(cat) was determined for A. fumigatus (768 s(-1)) and the lowest was a factor 9 less. K(m) varied by a factor of 3 with the lowest value determined for C. globosum (0.95 mM). The measured (app)K(i) varied a factor of 15; the hydrolytic activity of N. crassa being the most resistant to glucose with an apparent product inhibition constant of 10.1 mM. Determination of (app)K(i) using cellobiose as substrate is important as it reflects to what extent the different BGs are hydrolytically active under industrial conditions where natural substrates are hydrolyzed and the final glucose concentrations are high.
Raftnet (2018)

Pedestrian attribute recognition, a multi-task problem, is a popular task in computer vision. Generally, deep learning end-to-end networks to predict attributes are the basic method to solve this problem. To fully use deep neural network, this paper proposes a novel network structure called Raft Block. Raft Block is designed not only to extract task-specific features, but also to share the features of different tasks. Using the Raft Block, we build an end-to-end network Raftnet for pedestrian attribute recognition. We implement experiments on three public datasets, the results prove that the design idea of Raft Block is valid and effective. Specifically, we achieve state-of-art results as 85.64% and 82.79% mean accuracy on Market-1501 and DukeMTMC datasets, and competitive result as 72.53% mAP on PA-100K dataset.
Fluorescence reaction ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides with 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylenediamine. (1990)

Ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides produce fluorescence (excitation maxima, ca. 340 nm; emission maxima, ca. 470 nm) when heated in an acidic solution with meso-1, 2-diarylethylenediamines which have phenyl groups substituted with electron-donating groups at the 4-positions, after periodate oxidation. Of the 1, 2-diarylethylenediamines tested, meso-1, 2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylenediamine was the most sensitive and permitted the fluorometric determination of ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides at concentrations as low as 60-500 pmol/ml. The compound also produces fluorescence with reducing sugars.
Potential connected vehicle applications to enhance mobility, safety, and environmental security (2012)

Report on connected vehicles, reviewing current research and technologies and developing near-term practical applications that use connected vehicle technology.
Cover Picture: Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from a Substrate Surface Manipulated by Bipolar Electrolysis: Fabrication of Gradient and Patterned Polymer Brushes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2015) (2015)

Gradient growth of poly(NIPAM) brushes from an initiator-modified substrate surface was achieved by electrochemically mediated atom-transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). In their Communication on page 3922 ff., S. Inagi et al. show that setting the surface close to a bipolar electrode results in a potential gradient, which leads to a concentration gradient of the CuI polymerization catalyst on the substrate. The polymer brushes could be fabricated in three-dimensional gradient shapes with control over thickness, steepness, and modified area. Gradient growth of poly(NIPAM) brushes from an initiator-modified substrate surface was achieved by electrochemically mediated atom-transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). In their Communication on page 3922 ff., S. Inagi et al. show that setting the surface close to a bipolar electrode results in a potential gradient, which leads to a concentration gradient of the CuI polymerization catalyst on the substrate. The polymer brushes could be fabricated in three-dimensional gradient shapes with control over thickness, steepness, and modified area. Quantum Dots The self-protection of semiconductor quantum dots against oxidation by transient escape into the Auger recombination cycle is reported by V. Biju et al. in their Communication on page 3892 ff.1 Radicals Since the discovery of triphenylmethyl by Gomberg in 1900, its dimerization has been extensively studied. In their Communication on page 4010 ff., T. Suzuki et al. report the generation of the α,o-adduct for the first time.1 Radical Reactions In their Communication on page 4041 ff., B. Tan, X.-Y. Liu, and co-workers realize the first phosphine-catalyzed radical tandem route for the concomitant functionalization of an alkene and the remote β-C(sp3)-H bond of amine derivatives.1
Cyclometalated Pt Complexes of CNC Pincer Ligands: Luminescence and Cytotoxic Evaluation (2020)

In the framework of our attempts to develop cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes toward bifunctional targeting inhibitors or agents for photodynamic therapy, diagnostics, and bioimaging, a series of bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes [Pt(CNC)(L)] (L = DMSO, MeCN) containing various (CNC)2– ligands based on 2,6-diphenylpyridine were synthesized and characterized analytically and spectroscopically, focusing on their electrochemical, luminescence, and antiproliferative properties. Electrochemical experiments and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy suggest ligand-centered LUMOs and metal-centered HOMOs in line with DFT calculations. Extension of the ancillary phenyl to naphthyl cores and a central 4-phenylpyridine group instead of pyridine results in bathochromic shifts of the long-wavelength absorption bands ranging from 420 to 440 nm, with the latter shift being more pronounced. The complexes of the fused CNC heterocyclic systems dba (H2dba = dibenzo[c,h]acridine), db(ph)a (H2db(ph)a = 7-phenyldibenzo[c,h]acridine), and bzqph (HbzqphH = 2-phenylbenzo[h]quinoline) absorb far more red-shifted in the range 500–530 nm. All complexes show reversible first electrochemical reductions and irreversible oxidations with an electrochemical gap of about 3 V, roughly in line with the absorption energies. While the 2,6-diphenylpyridine complexes [Pt(CNC)(DMSO)] show no luminescence at ambient temperature in solution, the fused dba, db(ph)a, and bzqph derivatives are efficient triplet emitters at ambient temperature with emission wavelengths in the region 575–600 nm and quantum yields ranging from 7 to 23%. Vibrationally resolved emission spectra calculated in the framework of DFT faithfully reproduce the experimental data. TD-DFT calculations at the excited-state T1 geometry reveal intraligand π–π*/MLCT character of the emission for all three investigated complexes. Antiproliferative tests on selected complexes gave very different toxicities, ranging from lower than 1 μM to virtually nontoxic. The data allowed drawing some structure–activity relationships (SAR), even though variations in solubility could also significantly account for the different toxicities.
Characterization of the non-heme iron center of human 5-lipoxygenase by electron paramagnetic resonance, fluorescence, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy: Redox cycling between ferrous and ferric states (1993)

Purified human 5-lipoxygenase, a non-heme iron containing enzyme, has been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance, (EPR), ultraviolet (UV)-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. As isolated, the enzyme is largely in the ferrous state and shows a weak X-band EPR signal extending from 0 to 700 G at 15 K, tentatively ascribed to integer spin Fe(II). Titration of the protein with 13-HPOD (13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) generates a strong multicomponent EPR signal in the g' approximately 6 region, a yellow color associated with an increased absorption between 310 and 450 nm (epsilon 330nm = 2400 M-1 cm-1), and a 17% decrease in the intrinsic protein fluorescence. The multiple component nature of the g' approximately 6 signal indicates that the metal center in its oxidized state exists in more than one but related forms. The g' approximately 6 EPR signal and the yellow color reach a maximum when approximately 1 mol of 13-HPOD is added/mol of iron; the resultant EPR spectrum accounts quantitatively for all of the iron in the protein with a signal at g' = 4.3 representing less than 3% of the total iron in the majority of samples. Addition of a hydroxyurea reducing agent abolished the g' approximately 6 signal and yellow color of the protein and also reversed the decrease in fluorescence caused by the oxidant 13-HPOD. The results indicate that the g' approximately 6 EPR signal, the yellow color, and the decreased fluorescence are associated with the formation of the Fe(III) form of the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)