gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a neural net tracking controller for a single flexible link: comparison with PD and PID controllers (1997)

The objective of the paper is to show the results of the practical implementation of a neural network tracking controller on a single flexible link and compare its performance to that of PD and PID standard controllers. The NN controller is composed of an outer PD tracking loop, a singular perturbation inner loop for stabilization of the fast flexible mode dynamics, and a neural network inner loop used to feedback linearize the slow pointing dynamics. No off-line training or learning is needed for the NN. It is shown that the tracking performance of the NN controller is far better than that of the PD or PID standard controllers. An extra friction term was added in the tests to demonstrate the ability of the NN to learn unmodeled nonlinear dynamics.
Expression of clusterin in Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. (2001)

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder with disturbance and injury of the intestinal mucosal barrier, in which various proinflammatory molecules as well as molecules with antiinflammatory activity and cytoprotective function are found to be expressed. We investigated whether clusterin, a multifunctional cytoprotective protein, is upregulated in Crohn's disease, because augmented expression of clusterin is seen in many organs following various forms of tissue injury. Human actively and inactively inflamed ileal tissues from CD patients as well as normal intestinal specimens from control patients (normal ileum) were investigated by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemisty and in situ hybridization. As compared with controls, a strongly enhanced expression of clusterin was found in CD tissues, correlating with disease activity. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analysis revealed foci of crypts almost completely lined by clusterin expressing enterocytes in CD, a feature that was never seen in controls. Such crypts appeared especially within the morphologically intact mucosa apart from erosive or ulcerative lesions. Besides epithelia, clusterin was also expressed by inflammatory mononuclear cells. Enhanced expression of clusterin by crypt epithelia might reflect a cytoprotective function of the protein in order to prevent further injury of the intestinal mucosal barrier in CD.
Low Temperature Colloidal Synthesis of Silicon Nanorods from Isotetrasilane, Neopentasilane, and Cyclohexasilane (2015)

Isotetrasilane, neopentasilane, and cyclohexasilane were studied as reactants for silicon (Si) nanorod growth in solution. These polysilane hydrides were found to enable lower growth temperatures in solution than any other silane reactants used to date. Cyclohexasilane enabled the lowest growth temperature of 200 °C, using a single-step solution–liquid–solid (SLS) reaction from tin (Sn) seeds. The potential for nanorod growth is determined by the reactivity of the silane. Cyclohexasilane is the most reactive of the polysilane hydrides studied here, requiring the lowest energy for dehydrogenation. The formation of silylene by cycolhexasilane also facilitates chemisorption onto the Sn surface during nanorod growth. Relatively bright photoluminescence (emission quantum yields of 2%) could still be achieved from Si nanorods grown at these low temperatures.
<title>Technique of microfabrication suitable for machining submillimeter-wave components</title> (2000)

This paper reports a novel methodology of microfabrication particularly suitable for machining sub-millimeter wave components. The proposed technique entails the use of a positive photoresist (known as EPON SU-8 <SUP>tm</SUP>) in realization of E-plane components, in addition to other 3-D polymer structures such as rectangular waveguides. Because the micro-structure fabricated with the said photoresist can be less than ten microns thick, a high-Q E-plane circuitry of negligible substrate thickness can be lithographically processed to attain minimal dielectric loss. On the other hand, a planar whisker can be glued onto the E-plane circuits, enabling electrical contact of the small-diameter devices to be formed. But realizing non-planar structures with parametric variation in thickness is not lithographically trivial, adding the fact that the waveguide flanges can only be machined mechanically at the time of this writing. As suck, the authors suggest that an oversized waveguide channel and standard flange interfaces be first mechanically milled onto a metal block. The components to be processed with the said photoresist are then directly fabricated onto the oversized waveguide channel, in such a way that their interfaces to other standard waveguides can be maintained without loss of geometrical accuracy. In this paper, the basic fabrication procedures are first described, with formulae given on some design criteria. Laser Direct Imaging as applied to processing of SU-8 based submillimeter wave components are discussed, with particular reference given to the technical considerations as found from our recent experimental evidence. Measurements will be given to further substantiate this presentation.
Ongoing Persistent Slope Failures at the Toe of a Giant Submarine Slide in the Ryukyu Trench that Generated the AD 1771 Meiwa Tsunami (2023)

Abstract This study investigates sedimentation processes and associated submarine sliding on the floor of the Ryukyu Trench. Three dive surveys were conducted using the manned submersible Shinkai 6500 (hereafter 6K) in the trench. The AD 1771 Meiwa tsunami was generated by a giant submarine slide on the landward trench slope in this region. Dive survey site 6K#1469 was located on a mouth of the submarine canyon in the forearc basin. Dive survey site 6K#1468 was located on the uppermost part of the submarine slide, where steps and fissures were observed. Dive survey site 6K#1467 was located at the toe of the submarine slide, which is covered by a muddy sediment layer. Core sample 6K#1467 measured 36.3 cm long and comprised muddy sediments interlayered with silt and/or sand laminations. The paleocurrent direction of the laminated sediments is mostly from north to south, indicating that they were not transported along with the trench but were from the landward slope, probably via repeated small submarine slides. The sedimentation rate for sample 6K#1467 was estimated at 2.42 mm/year using a depth profile of 210 Pb ex concentration within 10 cm deep and a date for the sediment of ~ 50 year ago. Based on the sedimentation rate and the number of laminae, the typical recurrence interval of the silt/sand layers is calculated to be ~ 6 year. We interpret these results as indicating that repeated small submarine slides have occurred persistently (recurrence interval of ~ 6 year) at the toe of the investigated giant submarine slide in the Ryukyu Trench over the last 50 year.
Novel cooperative policy for cognitive radio networks: Stability region and delay analysis (2016)

We consider a cognitive radio system that consists of primary user, secondary user, and their destinations. The secondary user has a relaying capability, i.e., it transmits the relayed packets from the primary user. Unlike most of the previous works that restrict the secondary user to transmit only in the idle time slots, we assume that the secondary user interferes on the primary user with certain probability that is optimized to maximize the stable throughput of the secondary network under certain level of quality of service constraints for the primary one. We show how significantly our proposed scheme improves the performance of the secondary user and increases the maximum stable throughput of the primary user over the traditional cooperative policies that restrict the secondary user to exploit only the periods of silence of the primary user.
Transistor-Based Biomolecule Sensors: Recent Technological Advancements and Future Prospects. (2023)

Transistor-based sensors have been widely recognized to be highly sensitive and reliable for point-of-care/bed-side diagnosis. In this line, a range of cutting-edge technologies has been generated to elevate the role of transistors for biomolecule detection. Detection of a wide range of clinical biomarkers has been reported using various configurations of transistors. The inordinate sensitivity of transistors to the field-effect imparts high sensitivity toward wide range of biomolecules. This overview has gleaned the present achievements with the technological advancements using high performance transistor-based sensors. This review encloses transistors incorporated with a variety of functional nanomaterials and organic elements for their excellence in selectivity and sensitivity. In addition, the technological advancements in fabrication of these microdevices or nanodevices and functionalization of the sensing elements have also been discussed. The technological gap in the realization of sensors in transistor platforms and the resulted scope for research has been discussed. Finally, foreseen technological advancements and future research perspectives are described.
1.3μm Ill-nitride nanowire monolithic diode lasers and photonic integrated circuits on (001) silicon (2017)

There has been a great deal of attention paid recently to GaN-based nanowires and nanowire heterostructures for their unique materials properties and the potential to realize unique and useful devices with them. They can be epitaxially grown on a variety of substrates, including the technologically important (001)Si. Most importantly, the polarization field and density of extended defects in the nanowires are smaller than those in planar heterostructures. The density of surface states on the nanowire walls is also small and ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The area density of the nanowire arrays can be varied in the range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . These nanowires have therefore presented a new III-nitride based technology which allows the realization of light sources emitting in the `green gap' and beyond. The active light-emitting region in the nanowires are usually InGaN disks, whose composition can be varied to tune the emission wavelength. Detailed studies have revealed that a single quantum dot is formed in the InGaN disk region.
Sodium Alginate Decorated Carbon Nanotubes-Graphene Composite Aerogel for Heavy Metal Ions Detection (2015)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene (SWNTs/G) composite aerogel have been prepared by a hydrothermal method with aid of sodium alginate (SA) decoration and used for modification of glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrode was employed for the sensitive determination of metal ions using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry method. The results showed that the introduction of SA not only improved the uniformity of SWNTs/G composite, but also exhibited synergistic effect for detection of several kinds of heavy metal ion. The SA decorated SWNTs were inserted into graphene interlayers, resulting in more active sites and reactive surface area. As a result, the modified electrode exhibited attractive inter-electrode reproducibility and high sensitivity for detection of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions.
fNIRS differentiates cognitive workload between concussed adolescents and healthy controls (2018)

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[Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis]. (2005)

VEGF may play certain biological role in the development of endometriosis through VEGFR (Flt-1 and KDR). The expression of Flt-1 and KDR in the endometriotic lesion appears to be associated with neovascualization.
Ion Selective Electrodes for Phosphate Using Enzyme Systems (1976)

Abstract Two different enzyme electrodes for the specific assay of phosphate ion are described. One system utilizes the enzymes phosphorylase-a, phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the second glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and hexokinase. In both cases the assay is effected by amperometric monitoring of the NADH or NADPH formed in the reaction at an applied potential of +0. 65 V.
Prevalence and type of sexual dysfunctions in diabetic males: a standardized clinical approach. (1987)

The diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions (SD) in diabetic male patients is usually based on interviews about the sexual behavior of the patients themselves. The absence of a standardized procedure may explain the discrepancies in the prevalence reported in previous papers. In this work, we show a rational procedure to assess the presence and the type of SD in a group of 128 diabetic men. By means of an appropriate questionnaire, SD were pointed out in 40% of insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) and 52% of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (NIDD). Among the patients with SD, 28% had organic impotence, 11% psychogenic impotence and 8% reduction of libido. IDD with SD were older (p less than 0.01) and with a longer duration of diabetes (p less than 0.02) than IDD without SD. NIDD with and without SD had similar ages and known duration of diabetes. Both in IDD and in NIDD, the prevalence of SD was not affected by the quality of short-term metabolic control. In the patients in whom it was studied by a different technique, the predominant cause of organic impotence (76%) was a damage of parasympathetic nervous system, as evaluated by non-invasive tests. In 12% of the cases with organic impotence, a reduced penile flow alone was observed, while hormonal parameters were similar in patients with and without organic impotence.
An avaII restriction fragment length polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor II gene and the occurrence of smooth muscle tumors. (1993)

To detect a previously described AvaII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genomic sequencing. The RFLP is located in exon 9 of the IGF-II gene at nucleotide 820 (GenBank accession number X07868) as a C-->T transition. Digestion with AvaII reveals a two-allele polymorphism, an a allele in which the AvaII site is not present, and a b allele. In healthy Dutch persons (n = 26), the frequency of the a allele was 62%. A similar a allele frequency was found in groups of Japanese (53%, n = 65) and Chinese (54%, n = 84), while in a French group the frequency was significantly lower (25%, n = 52). In Dutch individuals that had developed benign (n = 11; all women) and malignant (n = 9; 2 women and 7 men) smooth muscle tumors, a significantly higher frequency of 83% for the a allele was found. Since there was no difference between the presence of the a and b alleles in normal and tumor tissue of the same individual, the higher a allele frequency was not due to mutation in the IGF-II gene or loss of heterozygosity. There was no correlation between the presence of the a allele and expression of the IGF-II gene. The data reveal a correlation between homozygosity for the a allele and the occurrence of smooth muscle tumors. Women homozygous for the IGF-II a allele are more prone to develop a leiomyoma than women who are heterozygous or homozygous for the b allele. Furthermore, in both women and men the risk for leiomyosarcomas seems to be higher in a allele homozygotes.
Performance Evaluation of 230 kV Polymer Insulators in the Coastal Area of Saudi Arabia (2020)

This article investigates the technical performance of 230 kV field-aged composite insulators in the coastal region of Saudi Arabia. Two insulator samples removed from the 230 kV line after 20 years of service are assessed at KFUPM High Voltage Lab (KHVL). Different assessment techniques, such as visual inspection, contact angle, surface pollution severity, electrical withstand, and material characterization are utilized to evaluate the insulator performance. Equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) techniques are used for the surface pollution severity measurements. Clear views of surface changes and surface hydrophobicity conditions are displayed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-IR) techniques are utilized for the material characterization. The visual inspection reveals small and big cracks in the insulator sheds. Hard breakable portion areas, many shed cuts, changed color areas, and whitish parts are visually noticed in the insulator surface. Such changes confirm the aging condition effect of the insulator units. Furthermore, the samples are subjected to laboratory clean fog tests to check the electrical performance of the samples. Informative results are given for the current condition and performance for the 20-years, field-aged insulators. Additionally, the experimental results are presented for the rest of the insulator life period. Utilization of the existing line insulators has been evaluated. Finally, discussions and recommendations for the future handling of the insulators at the 230 kV line are highlighted.
Mutations inSNRPB, Encoding Components of the Core Splicing Machinery, Cause Cerebro-Costo-Mandibular Syndrome (2014)

Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a developmental disorder characterized by the association of Pierre Robin sequence and posterior rib defects. Exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in five unrelated CCMS patients revealed five heterozygous variants in the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1 (SNRPB) gene. This gene includes three transcripts, namely transcripts 1 and 2, encoding components of the core spliceosomal machinery (SmB' and SmB) and transcript 3 undergoing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. All variants were located in the premature termination codon (PTC)-introducing alternative exon of transcript 3. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed a significant increase in transcript 3 levels in leukocytes of CCMS individuals compared to controls. We conclude that CCMS is due to heterozygous mutations in SNRPB, enhancing inclusion of a SNRPB PTC-introducing alternative exon, and show that this developmental disease is caused by defects in the splicing machinery. Our finding confirms the report of SNRPB mutations in CCMS patients by Lynch et al. (2014) and further extends the clinical and molecular observations.
CML patients in blast crisis have breakpoints localized to a specific region of the BCR (1987)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is associated with the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This activates the abl oncogene by moving it from chromosome 9 and combining it with sequence located on chromosome 22. The new fusion gene, with chromosome 22 sequence at its 5′ end and chromosome 9-abl sequence at its 3′ end, generates a new messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein that are implicated in the pathogenesis of CML. The breakpoint near the c-abl locus on chromosome 9 can occur within a large area. In contrast, the breakpoints on chromosome 22 are concentrated within a 6 kilobase (kb) region termed the breakpoint cluster region (bcr). This study was designed to determine whether chronic-phase and blast crisis patients had identifiable differences in the structure of their Ph chromosomes. Restriction mapping of the chromosome 22 translocation breakpoints performed for 26 patients showed that the breakpoints of eight of the nine patients in blast crisis were in the 3′ portion of the bcr, whereas the breakpoints in the 17 patients in the chronic phase were clustered in the 5′ portion of the bcr. This suggests a strong correlation between a 3′ bcr breakpoint and blast crisis in CML.
Establishment of Fetal Cranial and Intracranial Structure Volume Measurements using Three-dimensional Ultrasound Imaging in a Japanese Population (2013)

The goal of this study was to establish a normogram of the intracranial structure volumes in appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) Japanese fetuses. This was a cross-sectional and prospective study of 211 AGA fetuses. The total intracranial, cerebrum, ventricle, choroid plexus, cerebellum, cerebellar vermis, and cavum septum pellucidum volumes were measured using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. The fetal cranial and intracranial structure volumes significantly increased with gestational age (GA). When using the GA as an independent variable and the fetal cranial or intracranial structure volumes as the dependent variable, the best-fit equation for the fetal brain was a second-order polynomial regression equation. We herein provide the first report of fetal cranial and intracranial structure volumes and their normal growth curves in normal Japanese fetuses. Future 3D ultrasound studies of volume and other intracranial fetal structures could provide valuable information about how such changes may correlate with long-term neurodevelopment and the results may be used for comparisons with fetal growth restriction in the future.
评《适应关闭了的边界的阿富汗吉尔吉斯人和瓦希人》一书 (1982)

瓦汉走廊在当地以世界量脊而闻名,是向东延伸到中国、穿越帕米尔高原的指形狭长领土。它是十九世纪英俄在中亚进行争夺时遗留下来的问题,那时它被搞成缓冲地带,并且立约让给阿富汗。当地图上的几条界线被改成了沿着传统商路移动的纯粹的障碍时,沙拉尼考察了这条人为边界的产生对这一地区游牧吉尔吉斯人和高山区的瓦希农民等居民的影响。
Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts featuring unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbenes (2015)

New ruthenium Grubbs' and Hoveyda-Grubbs' second generation catalysts bearing N-alkyl/N-isopropylphenyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with syn or anti backbone configuration were obtained and compared in model olefin metathesis reactions. Different catalytic efficiencies were observed depending on the size of the N-alkyl group (methyl or cyclohexyl) and on the backbone configuration. The presence of an N-cyclohexyl substituent determined the most significant reactivity differences between catalysts with syn or anti phenyl groups on the backbone. In particular, anti catalysts proved highly efficient, especially in the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of encumbered diolefins, while syn catalysts showed low efficiency in the RCM of less hindered diolefins. This peculiar behavior, rationalized through DFT studies, was found to be related to the high propensity of these catalysts to give nonproductive metathesis events. Enantiopure anti catalysts were also tested in asymmetric metathesis reactions, where moderate enantioselectivities were observed. The steric and electronic properties of unsymmetrical NHCs with the N-cyclohexyl group were then evaluated using the corresponding rhodium complexes. While steric factors proved unimportant for both syn and anti NHCs, a major electron-donating character was found for the unsymmetrical NHC with anti phenyl substituents on the backbone.