gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded control concept of a robot with two degrees of freedom driven by four artificial pneumatic muscle actuators (2005)

Pneumatic muscles are interesting in their use as actuators in robotics, since they have a high power/weight ratio, a high-tension force and a long durability. This paper presents a two-axis planar articulated robot, which is driven by four pneumatic muscles. Every actuator is supplied by one electronic servo valve in 3/3-way function. Part of this work is the derivation of the model description, which describes a high nonlinear dynamic behavior of the robot. Main focus is the physical model for the pneumatic muscle and a detailed model description for the servo valves. The aim is to control the tool center point (TCP) of the manipulator, which bases here on a fast subsidiary torque regulator of the drive system compensating the nonlinear effects. As the robot represents a MIMO system, a second control objective is defined, which corresponds here to the average pressure of each muscle-pair. An optimisation-strategy is presented to meet the maximum stiffness of the controlled drive system. As the torque controller assures a fast linear input/output behavior, a standardized controller is implemented which bases here on the Computed Torque Method to track the TCP. Measurement results show the efficiency of the presented cascaded control concept.
Room-Temperature CW Widely-Tunable THz-Generating Laser (2019)

The development of high-performance, room-temperature, continuous wave (CW), widely-tunable terahertz (THz) lasers has attracted considerable industrial interest and has shown great potential for applications in various fields ranging from THz spectroscopy and biomedical imaging to safety and security applications. Among the commonly used lasers, direct quantum cascade lasers are regarded as the most popular sources offering the highest-to-date wall-plug efficiency. However, such lasers generally require cryogenic cooling and suffer from the drawbacks in terms of the production complexity and the lack of broad tunability. On the other hand, high-performance laser sources based on semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) and periodically-poled ferroelectric crystals can offer an access to new wavelengths not covered by available gain media, particularly in the THz spectral region. In this regard, vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs), with remarkable output parameters, can allow the demonstration of highly-efficient THz emission in the 0.8 - 2 THz spectral window at room temperature based on difference frequency generation in advanced quasi-phase-matched crystals, such as periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and aperiodically-poled lithium niobate (aPPLN) crystals. In recent years, a few VECSEL-based THz sources, referred to as Terahertz-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (TECSELs), have been demonstrated utilizing PPLN crystals [1-4], generating non-tunable multimode or, with certain efforts, even single-frequency THz signal.
Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, mouthpart removal influences stress and anticipatory responses in mice (1997)

Biting fly attack induces a variety of stress and anxiety related changes in the physiology and behaviour of the target animals. Significant reductions in pain, or more appropriately, nociceptive sensitivity (latency of a foot-lifting response to an aversive thermal stimulus), are evident in laboratory mice after a 1 h exposure to stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans. The role of the various components of biting fly attack in the development of this stress-induced reduction in pain sensitivity (analgesia) is, however, unclear. This study demonstrates that fly-naive mice do not exhibit a stress-induced analgesia when exposed to stable flies whose biting mouthparts have been removed. In contrast, mice that have been previously exposed to intact stable flies exhibit significant analgesia when exposed to flies that are incapable of biting. However, the level of analgesia induced is lower than that elicited by exposure to intact stable flies. Exposure to nonbiting house flies, Musca domestica, has no effect on nociceptive sensitivity. It appears that the actual bite of the stable fly is necessary for the induction of analgesia and probably other stress and anxiety associated responses in fly naive mice. However, mice rapidly learn to recognize biting flies and exhibit significant, possibly anticipatory analgesic responses to the mere presence of biting flies.
Euclid preparation: VIII. The Complete Calibration of the Colour-Redshift Relation survey: VLT/KMOS observations and data release (2020)

The Complete Calibration of the Colour–Redshift Relation survey (C3R2) is a spectroscopic effort involving ESO and Keck facilities designed specifically to empirically calibrate the galaxy colour–redshift relation – P(z|C) to the Euclid depth (i&lt;sub&gt;AB&lt;/sub&gt; = 24.5) and is intimately linked to the success of upcoming Stage IV dark energy missions based on weak lensing cosmology. The aim is to build a spectroscopic calibration sample that is as representative as possible of the galaxies of the Euclid weak lensing sample. In order to minimise the number of spectroscopic observations necessary to fill the gaps in current knowledge of the P(z|C), self-organising map (SOM) representations of the galaxy colour space have been constructed. Here we present the first results of an ESO@VLT Large Programme approved in the context of C3R2, which makes use of the two VLT optical and near-infrared multi-object spectrographs, FORS2 and KMOS. This data release paper focuses on high-quality spectroscopic redshifts of high-redshift galaxies observed with the KMOS spectrograph in the near-infrared H- and K-bands. A total of 424 highly-reliable redshifts are measured in the 1.3 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 range, with total success rates of 60.7% in the H-band and 32.8% in the K-band. The newly determined redshifts fill 55% of high (mainly regions with no spectroscopic measurements) and 35% of lower (regions with low-resolution/low-quality spectroscopic measurements) priority empty SOM grid cells. We measured Hα fluxes in a 1.″2 radius aperture from the spectra of the spectroscopically confirmed galaxies and converted them into star formation rates. In addition, we performed an SED fitting analysis on the same sample in order to derive stellar masses, E(B − V), total magnitudes, and SFRs. We combine the results obtained from the spectra with those derived via SED fitting, and we show that the spectroscopic failures come from either weakly star-forming galaxies (at z &lt; 1.7, i.e. in the H-band) or low S/N spectra (in the K-band) of z &gt; 2 galaxies.
4-Hydroxynonenal, an endogenous aldehyde, causes pain and neurogenic inflammation through activation of the irritant receptor TRPA1 (2007)

TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel expressed by a subpopulation of primary afferent somatosensory neurons that contain substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Environmental irritants such as mustard oil, allicin, and acrolein activate TRPA1, causing acute pain, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation. Genetic studies indicate that TRPA1 is also activated downstream of one or more proalgesic agents that stimulate phospholipase C signaling pathways, thereby implicating this channel in peripheral mechanisms controlling pain hypersensitivity. However, it is not known whether tissue injury also produces endogenous proalgesic factors that activate TRPA1 directly to augment inflammatory pain. Here, we report that recombinant or native TRPA1 channels are activated by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), an endogenous alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde that is produced when reactive oxygen species peroxidate membrane phospholipids in response to tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. HNE provokes release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from central (spinal cord) and peripheral (esophagus) nerve endings, resulting in neurogenic plasma protein extravasation in peripheral tissues. Moreover, injection of HNE into the rodent hind paw elicits pain-related behaviors that are inhibited by TRPA1 antagonists and absent in animals lacking functional TRPA1 channels. These findings demonstrate that HNE activates TRPA1 on nociceptive neurons to promote acute pain, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation. Our results also provide a mechanism-based rationale for developing novel analgesic or anti-inflammatory agents that target HNE production or TRPA1 activation.
The fast and the curious: High‐throughput experimentation in synthetic polymer chemistry (2003)

Abstract The application of automated synthetic parallel methods in polymer chemistry is described. A brief overview of all different polymerization techniques that have been used is provided. Furthermore, the equipment and methodologies that were used in our approach for automated parallel polymerization reactions are discussed followed by detailed insight into recent developments on automated cationic ring‐opening polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, and emulsion polymerizations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2425–2434, 2003
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Section on Higher Order Graphical Models in Computer Vision (2015)

The papers in this special section address the programs and services supported by graphical models in computer vision. This section explores the main challenges in this framework—modeling novel priors, learning, inference—and presents innovative solutions. The papers cover the aspects of modeling novel priors, inference algorithms and parameter learning methods in the context of higher order graphical models.
A practical creep model for concrete elements under eccentric compression (2019)

Abstract Many prestressed concrete bridges are reported to suffer from excessive vertical deflections and cracking during their service life. Creep softens the structure significantly, and therefore an accurate prediction of creep is necessary to determine long-term deflections in elements under eccentric axial compression such as prestressed concrete girders. This study proposes a modification to the creep damage model of Model Code 2010 to account for the effect of load eccentricity. The modified creep model considers damage due to differential drying shrinkage. Initially, the creep behaviour of small scale concrete specimens under eccentric compression load is investigated experimentally. Twelve small-scale concrete prisms were subjected to eccentric axial loading to assess their shrinkage and creep behaviour. The main parameters investigated include the load eccentricity and exposure conditions. Based on the experimental results, an inverse analysis is conducted to determine the main parameters of the modified creep model. Subsequently, a numerical hygro-mechanical simulation is carried out to examine the effect of load eccentricity on the development of shrinkage and creep, and on the interaction between drying, damage and creep. The results indicate that eccentric loading leads to different tensile and compressive creep through the cross section, which contradicts the current design approach that assumes that tensile and compressive creep are identical. The proposed model also predicts accurately the long-term behaviour of tests on reinforced concrete elements available in the literature. This study contributes towards further understanding of the long-term behaviour of concrete structures, and towards the development of advanced creep models for the design/assessment of concrete structures.
Molecular Cloning and Immunological Analysis of Immunodominant Piroplasm Surface Proteins of Theileria sergenti and T.buffeli. (1992)

cDNA libraries of Theileria sergenti and T. buffeli piroplasms were constructed in lambda gt11 and screened with rabbit anti-piroplasm sera. A major antigen of T. sergenti (33 kDa) and that of T. buffeli (34 kDa) was identified from the recombinant phages by using recombinant antigen-selected monospecific antibodies. The reactivities of the cloned proteins with rabbit antisera, infected calf sera and mouse monoclonal antibody suggested that the 33 and 34 kDa proteins expressed species-common and species-specific epitopes. The DNA probes from these recombinant clones showed species-specific hybridizations in Southern blotting with genomic DNA from piroplasms. These results indicate that the Japanese T. sergenti can be distinguishable from the Australian T. buffeli with regard to a polymorphism of the major immunodominant proteins of piroplasm.
Evaluation of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1) placed with dental implants in fresh extraction sites. (1995)

This study used the canine mandibular model to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1) for accelerating the healing of fresh dental extraction defects and in encouraging osseointegration of dental implants. Eight implants, four hydroxylapatite (HA)-coated and four non-coated, were placed in each mandible of four adult male mongrel dogs immediately after extraction of the eight premolars. The rhOP-1 was placed in all extraction sites with and without implants on the left side of the mandible. All animals were killed at 12 weeks postoperatively; histologic analysis was performed, including measurement of the new bone formation within the extraction defects, implant incorporation, and implant-bone interface characteristics, including percent bone and fibrous tissue apposition. Extraction sites treated with rhOP-1 were completely filled with new bone and were well incorporated with the host bone at 12 weeks post-operative. New bone had filled the untreated defect sites; however, the amount, density, and degree of remodeling were less than was observed in rhOP-1 sites. Small increases in osseointegration and adjacent new bone formation were apparent surrounding implants placed with rhOP-1. However, good initial implant fit and the small amount of rhOP-1 delivered to the site in this model may have mitigated any large differences. The results of this study demonstrate that new bone formation can be induced around and adjacent to a dental implant placed in a fresh extraction site with a recombinantly produced bone inductive protein.
Farsighted users harness network time-diversity (2005)

Fluctuations in network conditions are a common phenomenon. They arise in the current wired Internet due to changes in demand, and in wireless networks due to changing interference patterns. However, current congestion control design typically does not account for this, and in this sense the majority of congestion controllers proposed so far can be deemed as "myopic". The present work deals with the following question: how should network end-users exploit such temporal fluctuations? We introduce a formal framework, in which time diversity is explicitly described by phases in network condition. We propose as bandwidth allocation criterion the solution to an optimization problem, which features both classical (myopic) users and so-called farsighted users. We identify the corresponding farsighted user strategy as that maximizing throughput subject to a social norm related to TCP-friendliness. We establish basic desirable properties of the resulting allocations. We propose adaptive decentralized algorithms for farsighted users to achieve their target allocation. The algorithms do not require either explicit knowledge of dynamics in network conditions, or special feedback from the network.
Detection and source location of weak cyclostationary signals: simplifications of the maximum-likelihood receiver (1993)

The problem of dual-receiver interception of low-SNR signals, which includes detection of the presence of a particular signal type and location of its source, is considered. In particular, source-location based on time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements is examined, and the low-SNR maximum-likelihood receiver for joint detection and TDOA estimation is taken as a starting point. By explicitly revealing the way in which this receiver exploits the spectral correlation properties of the cyclostationary signal, several partial implementations with optimality properties of their own are proposed. These greatly simplified implementations, which require only a one-dimensional search over the TDOA parameter, are shown by simulation to perform competitively with the relatively complicated maximum-likelihood receiver which requires a two- or three-dimensional search for phase-shift keyed (PSK) signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Impairment of Hepatic Microcirculation in Fatty Liver (2003)

Fatty liver or hepatic steatosis, which is the result of the abnormal accumulation of triacylglycerol within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, is a common histological finding in human liver biopsy specimens that is attributed to the effects of alcohol excess, obesity, diabetes, or drugs. There is a general consensus that fatty liver compromises hepatic microcirculation, the common exchange network upon which hepatic arterial and portal inflows converge, regardless of underlying etiology. A significant reduction in hepatic microcirculation has been observed in human fatty donor livers and in experimental models of hepatic steatosis. There is an inverse correlation between the degree of fat infiltration and both total hepatic blood flow and flow in microcirculation. Fatty accumulation in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes is associated with an increase in the cell volume that reduces the size of the hepatic sinusoid space by 50% compared with a normal liver and may result in partial or complete obstruction of the hepatic sinusoid space. As a result of impaired hepatic microcirculation, the hepatocytes of the fatty liver have reduced tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion injury, which affects about 25% of the donors for liver transplantation because severe steatosis is associated with a high risk of primary nonfunction after liver transplantation.
Refolding process of cysteine-rich proteins:Chitinase as a model (2015)

BACKGROUND: Recombinant proteins overexpressed in E. coli are usually deposited in inclusion bodies. Cysteines in the protein contribute to this process. Inter- and intra- molecular disulfide bonds in chitinase, a cysteine-rich protein, cause aggregation when the recombinant protein is overexpressed in E. coli. Hence, aggregated proteins should be solubilized and allowed to refold to obtain native- or correctly- folded recombinant proteins. METHODS: Dilution method that allows refolding of recombinant proteins, especially at high protein concentrations, is to slowly add the soluble protein to refolding buffer. For this purpose: first, the inclusion bodies containing insoluble proteins were purified; second, the aggregated proteins were solubilized; finally, the soluble proteins were refolded using glutathione redox system, guanidinium chloride, dithiothreitol, sucrose, and glycerol, simultaneously. RESULTS: After protein solubilization and refolding, SDS-PAGE showed a 32 kDa band that was recognized by an anti-chitin antibody on western blots. CONCLUSIONS: By this method, cysteine-rich proteins from E. coli inclusion bodies can be solubilized and correctly folded into active proteins.
Mimicry of Biological Macromolecules by Polyaromatic Anionic Compounds (1993)

The preparation, characterization and biological properties of some polyanionic polymers are reported. These polymers are constructed with repeating phenol-based monomers. The anionic groups attached to the aro matic nucleus provide the basis for binding to basic domains of proteins. Scaf fold flexibility permits the polyanionic polymers to adopt low energy conforma tions suitable for interacting with coagulation proteins and an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody. Structure activity relationships (SAR) and comparisons with aurintricarboxylic acid are described. The polymers doubled the clotting time in the APTT assay with value ranging from 10-1000 μg/mL. Binding to an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody occurred with ICso values of 0.3-5.0 μg/mL.
Epitaxial  C 49 ‐ TiSi2 Formation on (100)Si Substrate Using TiN x and Its Electrical Characteristics as a Shallow Contact Metallization (1996)

An investigation of the microstructural evolution of reactively sputtered , to the bilayer, on (100)Si substrate, has been carried out with emphasis on the crystalline nature of the . The nitrogen atoms in the film limit the available Ti atoms involved in the reaction with silicon and enhance the nitridation of the film. Hence, the thicknesses of both an amorphous interlayer or titanium silicide are much thinner than those from pure Ti film after rapid thermal annealing at various temperatures. Upon thermal annealing at above 600°C, the film was divided into the bilayered structure of , in which the thickness of was far thinner and extremely uniform, and the overlying TiN was relatively thick and uniform compared with the case of pure Ti. Moreover, the was epitaxially grown on (100)Si substrate with the structural relationship of , and . Also, the stable character of the epitaxial suppressed its transformation to C54 even after thermal annealing at 800°C. Since the thickness of the from the was relatively thin and extremely uniform, the electrical properties of the contacted shallow junctions were superior to those of the TiN/pure‐Ti contacted junctions.
Rotating compressor surge detection using variable speed drive signals (2014)

Early surge detection in rotating gas compressors is an important part of any compressor control strategy. To minimize potential equipment damage the surge detection needs to be as quick as possible. Traditionally it is done by looking at process signals, such as pressures and temperatures. Powering compressors by variable speed drives gives opportunity to use additional drive signals for surge detection. This paper focuses on combining process and drive signals to detect a surge. Based on measurements from an experimental compressor rig several surge indicators are proposed.
Recent Developments and Research Avenues for Polymers in Electric Vehicles (2022)

Plastics have been an indispensable material of choice in automobiles with wide range of applications such as interior, exterior, under the hood, and lighting/wiring applications. The prime motive of inclusion of these materials is increase in fuel efficiency and reduction in carbon footprint by replacing the energy intensive metallic counterparts. The current decade i. e., the 2020s has seen a recent surge in the sales of electronic vehicles. Although these numbers are promising, the growth in the rest of the parts of the world is not encouraging. It is primarily due to the skepticism involving battery life and efficiency, profitability, and environmental footprint when compared to conventional and hybrid vehicles. Also, a more concerted effort is needed in the lagging areas in order to install the required infrastructure. The emergence of plastics in the development and acceptance of e-vehicles is going to be pivotal especially when the efficiency and profitability are considered as they give the required freedom to the engineers for the design and development of various parts and sizes by replacing the bulkier and more dense materials. Also, the research on bionanocomposites has received great interest from the research community due to their versatility in application along with their eco-friendly nature throughout the lifecycle starting from feedstock up to end-of-life treatment. This review paper will be one of its kind to present a critical review of the recent developments of polymers suitable for use in e-vehicles. Also, a comprehensive discussion comprising of newer research areas for polymers in their use for e-vehicles will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of the Pyrrolizidines (‐)‐Trachelanthamidine and (‐)‐ Isoretronecanol. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.