gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Quality Improvement Applied to Medical Care: Experiences at LDS Hospital (1991)

At LDS Hospital the authors are implementing continuous quality improvement (CQI), a systems-analytic approach to quality management in industry, as an approach to quality management in medical domains. Their approach consists of 1) choosing a process to be improved, 2) assembling a team of expert clinicians that understands the process and the outcomes, 3) determining key steps in the process and expected outcomes, 4) collecting data that measure the key process steps and outcomes, and 5) feeding back the data to the practitioners. CQI theory states that the practitioners will use the information and their own best intentions to improve the manner in which they provide care. The authors have developed statistical tools that display the data and distinguish between random and assignable variation.
Expression of melanotransferrin isoforms in human serum: relevance to Alzheimer's disease (2003)

Levels of soluble melanotransferrin in serum have been reported to be higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in control subjects. The present study investigated melanotransferrin in human body fluids in the light of these findings. To clarify the correlation between melanotransferrin and Alzheimer's disease, the melanotransferrin content was determined by non-reducing, denaturing SDS/PAGE and Western blotting. Under these conditions, serum melanotransferrin migrated at 79 and 82 kDa. Melanotransferrin antigenicity and the relative proportions of the two forms were very sensitive to factors that altered its conformation, including disulphide bridges, pH and bivalent cations. Serum melanotransferrin levels were not significantly different between control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease using whole serum, EDTA-supplemented serum or serum immunoglobulin-depleted by Protein G-Sepharose and enriched by affinity precipitation with the lectin from Asparagus pea. Glycosylated forms of serum melanotransferrin bound to Asparagus lectin manifested similar patterns on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in samples from controls and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Melanotransferrin was also present in saliva and at a high level in urine, but contents were similar in controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Together, these results demonstrate that serum melanotransferrin exists in various conformations depending on the binding of bivalent cations or following post-translational modification. These data also indicate that human serum melanotransferrin levels are unchanged in subjects with Alzheimer's disease.
Multipath effects on F-15 and F-16 multi-channel GPS antenna performance (2003)

GPS jamming has been identified as the most serious threat to fully utilizing GPS capabilities during hostile engagements. Adaptive transforming has been proposed as a method for mitigating GPS jamming, and a 7-element array (the controlled reception pattern antenna, or CRPA) is in production for military aircraft. This paper describes experiments conducted by Lincoln Laboratory at the Newport, NY antenna range of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Rome Research Site. We illuminated both F-15 and F-16 CRPA-equipped aircraft with broadband jamming signals, producing the first measurements of in-situ CRPA array responses to broadband jamming. The measurements are used to show performance of various adaptive beamforming algorithms, including spatial-only and space-time algorithms. The results clearly demonstrate the advantages of space-time adaptive processing for GPS adaptive beamforming.
Blind cross color noise detection and reduction (2008)

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting and removing cross-color noise. Specifically, a unique characteristic of the noise is first recognized in several color spaces, and a single detection measure is defined in the form of a correlation coefficient. Then, a simple reduction scheme is provided. Main difference between the prior methods and the proposed one is that the previous approaches have been working on the reduction scheme during decoding the transmitted signal with available useful information, while the proposed scheme is focused on the images without any information from the decoder as a post-processing method. The proposed algorithm can be applicable to any video sources contaminated by cross-color noise including television.
Aromatic δ-Peptides (2003)

Oligoamides of 8-amino-2-carboxy-quinoline adopt a very stable helical conformation characterized in solution by 1H NMR and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The helix comprises only 2.5 units per turn, which represents the highest curvature achieved by aromatic oligoamides until now. Monomers possessing alkoxy substituents in position 4 are easily available from 2-nitroaniline and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
Smart Antennas and Intelligent Sensors Based Systems: Enabling Technologies and Applications, 2020 (2022)

The present Industry 4.0 revolution, as well as advances in IoT and Sensors Technologies, has made human life easier and more convenient. Controlling, monitoring, and analyzing real-time systems for a range of applications, including the COVID-19 pandemic, health monitoring, and smart homes, have become possible because of smart antennas, intelligent sensor communication, and computing-based networks. Smart antennas and intelligent sensor-based systems offer a variety of applications in multiuser communication, particularly in unpredictable and unforeseen conditions [1]. Smart antennas have been widely employed in adaptive beamforming, in which the main beam must be focused in a certain direction and nulls must be handled in unwanted directions The integration of smart antennas and intelligent-based sensor networks allows for the development of various algorithms that may be utilized for environmental decision-making, sensing, and monitoring [3] For contactless epidemic illness monitoring, breathing difficulties detection, and COVID-19 forbidden activities recognition, smart antenna and intelligent sensors are a key area of research.
Power performance prediction for a vented oscillating water column wave energy converter with a unidirectional air turbine power take-off (2017)

This paper presents experimental performance results for a new concept of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) hereby referred as UniWave. The operating principle for this device utilises air valves that open during times of positive pressure, thereby venting the air chamber, and shut when the air chamber pressure is negative, thus drawing air through a unidirectional air turbine Power TakeOff (PTO). Results are presented for both regular and irregular seas for the planned full scale equivalent OWC prototype of Wave Swell Energy (WSE), an Australian wave energy developer planning an installation in ten metres of water off the west coast of King Island, Tasmania. Prototype top lip and front wall geometry are novel modifications which appear to positively affect the operational characteristics of the device. Results indicate this unidirectional prototype will exhibit very good energy harvesting capability over a wide range of wave frequencies.
Low-frequency ultrasonic collimated beam generation from piezoelectric discs (2017)

We investigate the vibration characteristics of the radial modes of piezo-discs and their role in ultrasonic collimated beam generation. First, numerical studies are carried out to investigate the vibration pattern of the radial modes of piezo-disc transducers. Then, a coupled electromechanical-fluid interaction model is employed to study the ultrasonic beam characteristics from the radial modes of the disc transducers. Important aspects of collimation and side-lobe reduction in the beams are discussed. Finally, a novel design of the acoustic source is proposed to achieve collimated ultrasonic beams at low frequencies.
Duality at the gate: Skin dendritic cells as mediators of vaccine immunity and tolerance (2016)

Since Edward Jenner's discovery that intentional exposure to cowpox could provide lifelong protection from smallpox, vaccinations have been a major focus of medical research. However, while the protective benefits of many vaccines have been successfully translated into the clinic, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that differentiate effective vaccines from sub-optimal ones are not well understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the gatekeepers of the immune system, and are ultimately responsible for the generation of adaptive immunity and lifelong protective memory through interactions with T cells. In addition to lymph node and spleen resident DCs, a number of tissue resident DC populations have been identified at barrier tissues, such as the skin, which migrate to the local lymph node (migDC). These populations have unique characteristics, and play a key role in the function of cutaneous vaccinations by shuttling antigen from the vaccination site to the draining lymph node, rapidly capturing freely draining antigens in the lymph node, and providing key stimuli to T cells. However, while migDCs are responsible for the generation of immunity following exposure to certain pathogens and vaccines, recent work has identified a tolerogenic role for migDCs in the steady state as well as during protein immunization. Here, we examine the roles and functions of skin DC populations in the generation of protective immunity, as well as their role as regulators of the immune system.
Killer whale (Orcinus orca) hearing: Auditory brainstem response and behavioral audiograms (1999)

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) audiograms were measured using behavioral responses and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) from two trained adult females. The mean auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiogram to tones between 1 and 100 kHz was 12 dB (re 1 mu Pa) less sensitive than behavioral audiograms from the same individuals (+/- 8 dB). The ABR and behavioral audiogram curves had shapes that were generally consistent and had the best threshold agreement (5 dB) in the most sensitive range 18-42 kHz, and the least (22 dB) at higher frequencies 60-100 kHz. The most sensitive frequency in the mean Orcinus audiogram was 20 kHz (36 dB), a frequency lower than many other odontocetes, but one that matches peak spectral energy reported for wild killer whale echolocation clicks. A previously reported audiogram of a male Orcinus had greatest sensitivity in this range (15 kHz, approximately 35 dB). Both whales reliably responded to 100-kHz tones (95 dB), and one whale to a 120-kHz tone, a variation from an earlier reported high-frequency limit of 32 kHz for a male Orcinus. Despite smaller amplitude ABRs than smaller delphinids, the results demonstrated that ABR audiometry can provide a useful suprathreshold estimate of hearing range in toothed whales.
Delivery to Macrophages and Efficacy of Orally Administered RNAi Compounds (42.27) (2009)

Abstract Data will be presented on a method for RNAi compound delivery utilizing RNA encapsulated in beta-glucan shells. When orally administered to mice, these encapsulated nucleic acids traverse the intestinal epithelia by an M cell transcytosis mechanism and are then endocytosed by macrophages. Macrophages containing RNAi compounds migrate to sites of inflammation, and the targeted RNA is specifically inhibited by RNA interference. This formulation presents some unique advantages for therapeutic RNAi including oral mode of administration, low dose (ug/kg/day) and specific delivery to immune cells possibly affording safety advantages for some targets. This novel mode of RNA administration can be used to down-regulate target genes involved in multiple inflammatory disease indications.
Circulating tumor DNA for personalized lung cancer monitoring (2017)

Advances in deep sequencing technology have led to developments in personalized medicine. Here, we describe the implications of a recent investigation that sequenced ctDNA from the plasma of non-small cell lung cancer patients to develop personalized ctDNA tests. These 'liquid biopsies' have shown promise in monitoring tumor growth and response to treatment, providing a timely overview of mutations present in the tumor. We discuss the advantages of this budding approach, as well as its challenges and drawbacks, while also providing areas for further investigation and an outlook for the future.
Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular torsion: a practical resident curriculum (2021)

The scrotal POCUS curriculum was effective and acceptable to both urology and emergency medicine residents. The findings suggest that scrotal POCUS can be learned effectively through a short hands-on session and didactic instruction.
Beyond Antibody-Mediated Rejection: Hyperacute Lung Rejection as a Paradigm for Dysregulated Inflammation (2005)

The use of animal organs for transplantation in humans is seen as a potential solution to the short supply of human donor organs available for clinical transplantation. However, to develop this therapeutic option as clinical reality will require surmounting formidable obstacles. The primary immunologic barrier to pig-to-human xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection (HAR), a phenomenon previously characterized as resulting from antibody binding and complement activation. This article will first review recent progress in the development of specific strategies to overcome hyperacute lung rejection (HALR), through production of genetically engineered pig organs, modification of the host innate immunity and control of antibody and complement. Additional therapeutic targets identified in HALR are reviewed, with particular emphasis on recent studies describing a critical role for the coagulation cascade in HAR.
The development and validation of a computational foot and ankle model (2002)

An anatomically accurate finite element model of the human foot and ankle was generated using data from sequential CT scans. The model was used to predict the response of the foot to tibial forces of 150 N. The results of the simulation were validated with data from cadaveric experimentation.
Detection of the prototype of a potential novel genus in the family Papillomaviridae in association with canine epidermodysplasia verruciformis (2006)

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare human genetic predisposition to develop flat warts, some of which subsequently undergo cancer transformation. Some human papillomaviruses (HPVs), i.e. HPV 5 and 8, have been associated with cancer development as a sequela of EV. As similar diseases have been observed in dogs, it was hypothesized that unknown canine papillomaviruses (CPVs) may exist and that they may be present in cases of canine EV. Consequently, DNA was extracted from a malignant lesion of a dog with EV and circular DNA was amplified by multiple-primed rolling-circle amplification (RCA). Indeed, sequence determination and analysis of the RCA-amplified and cloned DNA from a malignant canine EV lesion resulted in the detection and primary description of a third CPV (CPV3). Typical papillomavirus genes were identified, with deduced amino acid similarities ranging from 20 to 57 % for E1, E2, E6, E7, L1 and L2, respectively. According to the sequence of the L1 gene, which is used for papillomavirus classification, the new isolate meets the majority of criteria needed to declare detection of a novel genus among the papillomaviruses. Thus, CPV3 may represent the prototype of this novel genus. As the novel virus was found in a dog in association with lesions reminiscent of human EV, it should be interesting to test in the future whether this condition can be reproduced in experimental animals. If such were the case, a new model for EV could be established.
ChemInform Abstract: Bryostatin: A Novel Asymmetric Synthesis of the C27—C34 Fragment Starting from (R)‐Carvone as Chiral Template. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Instrumentation for the NEESR Sand Aging Field Experiment (2008)

This paper describes the instrumentation being developed and/or used for monitoring the post-liquefaction time-dependent changes in the state and properties of sand. As part of the NEESR project "NEESR — II: Mechanisms and Implications of Time-Dependent Changes in the State and Properties of Recently Liquefied Sands," a field study is being performed which involves the inducement of liquefaction in a saturated sand deposit via explosives, a vibroflot, and a NEES vibroseis. Subsequent to liquefaction, the time-dependent changes, commonly referred to as "aging," in the state and properties of the liquefied sand will be monitored for months to years. Central to the field study is the measurement of accelerations, settlements, and pore water pressures during and subsequent to liquefaction. Monitoring these parameters will allow the authors to compare the various methods used to breakdown the soil structure with the magnitude of disturbance and subsequent aging.
Molecular techniques for clinical diagnostic virology (2000)

A decade after the first studies were performed it is justifiable to claim that molecular techniques have revolutionised the work of the clinical virology laboratory. Hitherto, the role of the virology laboratory was often a retrospective diagnosis based on virus isolation and serology. Nevertheless, the epidemiological data collected in this way justified the continued activity of clinical virology. The recent molecular revolution in laboratory methods has been timely because it has been in parallel with the emergence of new pathogens that have presented the clinical virologist with fresh diagnostic challenges. A concurrent development of specific antiviral compounds has increased the potential of rapid laboratory investigation to contribute to the management of acutely ill or immunosuppressed patients.

Molecular assays for the detection of microorganisms can be designed even when only partial nucleic acid sequence information is available. This is valuable when identifying and diagnosing new diseases and emerging pathogens because there is the possibility of a rapid development of assays in house. However, the standardisation of assay design is a continuing problem because of the large number of nucleic acid sequences that can be used as a target for the detection of any one virus. Many of the methodologies associated with molecular techniques have now been incorporated into commercial kits, but in house molecular assays continue to be used. In house assays are often well evaluated and perform to a high standard, but differing assay sensitivities and specificities have been highlighted by quality assessment programmes. Some of the variations in performance can be accounted for by assay design, although it is probable that some in house assays do not travel well and perform badly because laboratory staff are inexperienced with molecular techniques. Molecular techniques in their present format, even in commercial kits, require a considerable degree of operator skill. If a …
Liquid laundry detergents based on soap andα‐sulfo methyl esters (1991)

It is well known that soap is one of the most effective cleaning agents in soft water. However, soap is equally notorious for some of its deficiencies, especially formation of soap scum due to the precipitation of calcium and magnesium soaps in hard water, low solubility in water, poor cleaning in cold water, greying of fabrics and dulling of hard surfaces such as ceramic tiles. Attributes of soap that should not be overlooked, especially in today’s environment, include an abundant and natural raw material supply (vegetable oils and fats) and excellent human and environmental safety profiles that are superior to most synthetic surfactants.
Spatial distribution of regeneration patches in an old-growth Pinus jeffreyi-mixed conifer forest in northwestern Mexico (2005)

Abstract Question: What are the shape, abundance, size, and structural characteristics of sapling patches in an old-growth Pinus jeffreyi-mixed conifer forest with a relatively intact disturbance regime? Location: Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. Methods: Regeneration was quantified by sampling sapling patches on seven 1200 m permanently marked line transects. For all patches intersected, tree size, species, age, and patch canopy cover were recorded. Patch structural characteristics were statistically compared to data from unbiased forest inventory plots. The minimum regeneration patch was defined as three saplings in a 49-m2 area. Results: We sampled 54 sapling regeneration patches. Patch size varied from 6.6 to 674.8 m2. A small portion of the forest was in patches (patch fraction = 3.8%, patch abundance = 8.5 per ha). The majority of the patches were small; 64.8% were less than the mean patch area of 100.1 m2. Patches were shaped as a rhombus. For all forest characteristics, mean values inside patches were significantly different than those from the unbiased forest inventory plots. Conclusions: These forests have a fine-grained pattern of regeneration patches. Our largest patch size of 674.8 m2 is the smallest reported in Pinus jeffreyi, P. ponderosa, and mixed conifer forests; other studies have probably had more difficulty delineating regeneration patches because of forest ingrowth from fire exclusion. Frequent fire, irregular seed crops, and seed dispersal by small mammals and birds could create this regeneration patch regime. High variation in nutrient availability after fire could also contribute to increased stand patchiness. Nomenclature: Hickman (1993) for vascular plants; Kays &amp; Wilson (2002) for mammals. Abbreviation: Pj-mc = Pinus jeffreyi-mixed conifer; SSPM = Sierra San Pedro Martir.
Experimental investigation of bioethanol liquid phase dehydration using natural clinoptilolite (2016)

An experimental study of bioethanol adsorption on natural Iranian clinoptilolite was carried out. Dynamic breakthrough curves were used to investigate the best adsorption conditions in bioethanol liquid phase. A laboratory setup was designed and fabricated for this purpose. In order to find the best operating conditions, the effect of liquid pressure, temperature and flow rate on breakthrough curves and consequently, maximum ethanol uptake by adsorbent were studied. The effects of different variables on final bioethanol concentration were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that by working at optimum condition, feed with 96% (v/v) initial ethanol concentration could be purified up to 99.9% (v/v). In addition, the process was modeled using Box-Behnken model and optimum operational conditions to reach 99.9% for final ethanol concentration were found equal to 10.7 °C, 4.9 bar and 8 mL/min for liquid temperature, pressure and flow rate, respectively. Therefore, the selected natural Iranian clinoptilolite was found to be a promising adsorbent material for bioethanol dehydration process.