gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decision making and uncertainty management in a 3D reconstruction system (2003)

This paper presents a control structure for a general-purpose image understanding system. It addresses the high level of uncertainty in local hypotheses and the computational complexity of image interpretation. The control of vision algorithms is done by an independent subsystem that uses Bayesian networks and utility theory to compute marginal value of information and selects the algorithm with the highest value of information. It is shown that the knowledge base can be acquired using learning techniques and the value-driven approach to the selection of vision algorithms leads to performance gains.
beta-Amyloid peptide and a 3-kDa fragment are derived by distinct cellular mechanisms. (1993)

We have analyzed the cellular processing pathways which produce the 4-kDa amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) and a 3-kDa derivative (p3) of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) found in conditioned media of tissue culture cells and in cerebrospinal fluid. Pulse-chase experiments reveal that both peptides are secreted in parallel with soluble beta APP (APPs); no precursor-product relation between A beta and p3 was found. The protease inhibitor leupeptin did not influence the production of either peptide. In contrast, the weak base ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of A beta production with less decrease in p3. A similar effect was observed using the monovalent ionophore monensin. Brefeldin A completely inhibited the generation of both peptides, indicating that proteases located in the endoplasmic reticulum or early Golgi are not sufficient for the production of the small peptides. Deletion of the beta APP cytoplasmic domain, which removes a consensus sequence that probably mediates reinternalization, caused an increase in secretion of both APPs and p3 and did not abolish A beta production. These observations suggest that completely mature beta APP within the late Golgi and/or at the cell surface is a prerequisite for A beta production but processing within the lysosome might not be directly required. p3 appears to derive from the 10-kDa C-terminal stub of beta APP following secretion of APPs.
Compensation of Loudspeaker Nonlinearities: - DSP implementation (2007)

Compensation of loudspeaker nonlinearities is investigated. A compensation system, based a loudspeaker model (a computer simulation of the real loudspeaker), is first simulated in matlab and later implemented on DSP for realtime testing. So far it is a pure feedforward system, meaning that no feedback measurement of the loudspeaker is used. Loudspeaker parameters are drifting due to temperature and aging. This reduces the performance of the compensation. To fulfil the system, an online tracking of the loudspeaker linear parameters is needed (also known as parameter identification). Previous investigations (done by Andrew Bright and also Bo R. Pedersen) shows that the loudspeaker linear parameters can be found by calculations based on measurements of the loudspeakers current. This is a subject for further work. Without the parameter identification, the compensation system is briefly tested, with the loudspeaker diaphragm excursion as output measure. The loudspeaker output and the output of the loudspeaker model are both monitored, and the loudspeaker model is manually adjusted to fit the real loudspeaker. This is done by realtime tuning on DSP. The system seems to work for some input frequencies and do not work for others.
De una escisión en el orteguismo de los años veinte (2001)

espanolEn el seno de la tertulia de la Revista de Occidente se gesto una escision que puso en marcha la fractura teorica con la estetica deshumanizada y la busqueda de una nueva estetica capaz de acoger dentro del espiritu vanguardista una nueva vinculacion y un nuevo compromiso entre el arte y la vida. A traves de esta escision se muestra tambien la naturaleza procesual del vanguardismo espanol. EnglishA rupture originated from the very heart of the Revista de Occidente's tertulia. This led to the beginning of a theoretical fracture between the de-humanised aesthetic and the search of a new aesthetic capable of accepting a new bond and a new compromise between art and life inside its vanguard spirit. Also the processing nature of the Spanish Vanguard is shown through this rupture.
Tools and Engineering Materials with Hard, Wear-Resistant Infusions (1969)

Development and evaluation of improved cutting tool materials which combine the high-strength properties of alloy tool steels with the higher hardness and increased wear resistance of metallic carbides by infusion of the latter into selected areas of an HSS tool tip are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of the Barium Fluorotitanate Compounds Ba2TiOF6 and BaTiOF4. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PP.09.24 (2015)

Objective: The meta-analysis of multiple studies can provide relevant data of outcome when individual studies failed to do so. We therefore meta-analyzed all the available studies reporting on KCNJ5 mutations in PA caused by Aldosterone Producing Adenoma (APA) to determine the clinical features of the KCNJ5 mutated tumors. Design and method: To identify relevant studies we applied the PICO strategy to search the PubMed database using predefined terms (Population: primary aldosteronism patients with aldosterone producing adenoma; Intervention: adrenalectomy, sequencing for KCNJ5 mutations; Control: APA without KCNJ5 mutations; Outcome: clinical pathological correlates of KCNJ5 mutations). Relevant data were extracted from the eligible studies and used to construct a database. To allow for independent replication of the results we elected to use the commercially available Comprehensive Meta-AnalysisTM software. For continuous variables, the standard difference in mean (SDM) and corresponding 95 % confidence interval were computed using random-effects modeling. Results: By this PICO strategy we identified 11 studies published from 2011 to 2014, which recruited a total of 1504 patients (age 49 years ± 5; 754 males/750 females). The overall prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations was 48%. The meta-analysis showed that compared to wild-type patients (52 ± 5 yrs), those with the KCNJ5 mutations were younger (45 ± 3 yrs) and had higher plasma aldosterone levels (43 ng/dl ± 8 vs 34 ± 8) (Figure 1 on the following page). At variance, we could find no significant effect of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum potassium and of gender.Conclusions: In conclusion, the meta-analysis of a large dataset comprising all studies available thus far showed that young age and prominent hyperaldosteronism are features associated with the presence of KCNJ5 mutations in PA due to APA
It's All in the Timing: Linking S Phase to Chromatin Structure and Chromosome Dynamics (2003)

Many aspects of chromosome biology are fundamentally linked to events that occur during the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle. The DNA must be duplicated once, and once exactly, each S phase. Local chromatin structure must also be re-assembled each S phase to incorporate newly replicated sister chromatids. The replication fork is the one complex that potentially interacts with every nucleotide of the genome, providing a mechanism to couple chromatin assembly to S phase passage. Importantly, eukaryotic genomes contain regions of structurally distinct chromatin, such as heterochromatin, defined by distinct patterns of histone modification and specific protein associations. Heterochromatin is generally associated with repeated sequence elements near centromeres, telomeres and other sites. Evidence suggests that heterochromatin assembled during S phase supports the association of multiprotein complexes required for many chromosome transactions, including transcriptional silencing, sister-chromatid cohesion, and kinetochore function. These complexes are in turn essential for regulated gene expression, equal chromosome segregation and genomic stability. Intriguingly, recent studies indicate that these processes are linked to S phase by temporal mechanisms as well as by replication-dependent activities.
Effects of Dobutamine Stimulation on Myocardial Blood Flow, Glucose Metabolism, and Wall Motion in Normal and Dysfunctional Myocardium (1996)

Blood flow-metabolism mismatch patterns are not consistently associated with a fixed downregulation of MBF; the increased contractile work in response to dobutamine stimulation is associated with an increase in MBF and a greater reliance on glucose utilization, possibly reflecting acute ischemia or alterations in substrate selection by chronically dysfunctional myocardium. Importantly, functionally impaired though normally perfused myocardium frequently exists in chronic coronary artery disease patients and may represent repetitively stunned or, more likely, remodeled left ventricular myocardium.
Preventing WMD Terrorism (2009)

This chapter discusses the prevention of WMD terrorism. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 17.1 summarizes what is known about terrorists’ ability to make or obtain WMD and identifies chokepoints where prevention strategy can make a difference. Section 17.2 reviews the various international treaties, norms, and programs that have already been implemented to stop the spread of WMD. Section 17.3 asks how future policy initiatives could make existing safeguards even stronger. The chapter concludes that the current patchwork of treaties, programs, and agreements may lead to comprehensive international verification regimes for preventing proliferation. Until then, improved technical methods will be needed to detect noncompliance — a task that will often fall to the developed nations.
In vitro activity of ceftriaxone, cefetamet (Ro 15-8074), ceftetrame (Ro 19-5247; T-2588), and fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240; AM-833) versus Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi (1987)

We examined 300 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 100 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi to determine their in vitro susceptibility to two new cephalosporins, cefetamet (Ro 15-8074) and ceftetrame (Ro 19-5247; T-2588), and a new fluroquinolone, fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240; AM-833). Their activity was compared with that of ceftriaxone, penicillin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Cefetamet, ceftetrame, and fleroxacin had excellent in vitro activity against both groups of microorganisms. beta-Lactamase production did not significantly affect the MICs of these agents. The Mtr phenotype of N. gonorrhoeae raised the MICs two- to fourfold, but the MICs remained within the range of achievable levels in serum. These newer compounds have a distinct advantage over existing therapeutic agents in that they can be administered orally. Clinical trials are warranted to assess their usefulness in the therapy of gonorrhea and chancroid.
Boolean Satisfiability: Solvers and Extensions (2014)

Contemporary satisfiability solvers are the corner-stone of many successful applications in domains such as automated verification and artificial intelligence. The impressive advances of SAT solvers, achieved by clever engineering and sophisticated algorithms, enable us to tackle Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem instances with millions of variables &amp;ndash; which was previously conceived as a hopeless problem. We provide an introduction to contemporary SAT-solving algorithms, covering the fundamental techniques that made this revolution possible. Further, we present a number of extensions of the SAT problem, such as the enumeration of all satisfying assignments (ALL-SAT) and determining the maximum number of clauses that can be satisfied by an assignment (MAX-SAT). We demonstrate how SAT solvers can be leveraged to solve these problems. We conclude the chapter with an overview of applications of SAT solvers and their extensions in automated verification.
Neurostimulation for traumatic brain injury (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant public health problem and is a leading cause of death and disability in many countries. Durable treatments for neurological function deficits following TBI have been elusive, as there are currently no FDA-approved therapeutic modalities for mitigating the consequences of TBI. Neurostimulation strategies using various forms of electrical stimulation have recently been applied to treat functional deficits in animal models and clinical stroke trials. The results from these studies suggest that neurostimulation may augment improvements in both motor and cognitive deficits after brain injury. Several studies have taken this approach in animal models of TBI, showing both behavioral enhancement and biological evidence of recovery. There have been only a few studies using deep brain stimulation (DBS) in human TBI patients, and future studies are warranted to validate the feasibility of this technique in the clinical treatment of TBI. In this review, the authors summarize insights from studies employing neurostimulation techniques in the setting of brain injury. Moreover, they relate these findings to the future prospect of using DBS to ameliorate motor and cognitive deficits following TBI.
Raman study of the structural phase transition in the ordered perovskite Pb2MgWO6 (1995)

Lead magnesium tungstate Pb2MgWO6 undergoes a structural phase transition at about 310 K. This phase transition has been characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The main features of the Raman spectra, collected between 173 and 523 K, are consistent with group theoretical predictions though unexpected weak and broad signals are observed in the high-temperature phase. From the comparison between these results and the structures previously determined, it is concluded that the phase transition has a behaviour intermediate between pure displacive and order-disorder.
Inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase Does Not Improve Cancer-Related Symptoms in a Murine Model of Human Papilloma Virus–Related Head and Neck Cancer (2019)

The expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) by tumors can contribute to immunotolerance, and IDO induced by inflammation can also increase risk for the development of behavioral alterations. Thus, this study was initiated to determine whether IDO inhibition, intended to facilitate tumor clearance in response to treatment, attenuates behavioral alterations associated with tumor growth and treatment. We used a murine model of human papilloma virus-related head and neck cancer. We confirmed that tumor cells express IDO and expression was increased by radiotherapy. Interestingly, inhibition of IDO activation by the competitive inhibitor 1-methyl tryptophan mildly exacerbated treatment-associated burrowing deficits (burrowing is a sensitive index of sickness in tumor-bearing mice). Genetic deletion of IDO worsened tumor outcomes and had no effect on the behavioral response as by decreased burrowing or reduced voluntary wheel running. In contrast, oral administration of a specific inhibitor of IDO1 provided no apparent benefit on the tumor response to cancer therapy, yet decreased voluntary wheel-running activity independent of treatment. These results indicate that, independent of its potential effect on tumor clearance, inhibition of IDO does not improve cancer-related symptoms.
Measuring Single Electrons – What Does it Mean? (2019)

In todays electron microscopy research, a strong trend towards ultra-low dose experiments is driven by challenging samples, which are beam-sensitive and may charge or deteriorate during the measurement process. Recent experiments indicate that only few electrons passing through the sample already carry enough information to deduce sensitive information like electric or magnetic field distributions. Even quantitative phase contrast imaging is possible with sub-pA beam currents.
Sliding Mode Control with Optimal Sliding Surfaces for Missile Autopilot Design (2000)

A new method is introduced to design sliding mode control with optimally selected sliding surfaces for a class of nonlinear systems. The nonlinear systems are recursively approximated as linear time-varying systems, and corresponding time-varying sliding surfaces are designed for each approximated system so that a given optimization criterion is minimized. The control input, which is designed by using an approximated system, is then applied to the nonlinear system. The method is used to design an autopilot for a missile where the design requirement is to follow a given acceleration command. The sliding surface is selected such that a performance index formed as a function of angle of attack, pitch rate, and velocity error is minimized. It is shown that the response of the approximating sequence of linear time-varying systems converges to the response of the missile.
E4. Why Does Turbulence Transport Momentum and Scalars Differently (2012)

The exchanges of momentum, water vapor, and heat between the earth surface and the atmosphere play a critical role in meteorology, hydrology, ecology, and other fields. To model these exchanges, which are dominated by turbulent transport, it is often assumed that momentum and all scalars are transported similarly; this is known as the Reynolds analogy. This study examines the breakdown of this analogy and the dissimilarity between turbulent transports of momentum and scalars (i.e., temperature and water vapor) in the atmospheric surface layer. Frist, observations indicate the dissimilarity mainly appears under unstable conditions and concurs with a change in the turbulence structure topology. The increase in the transport efficiencies of scalar fluxes under unstable conditions is then shown to be caused by a ?scale-resonance? between the turnover mixing eddy and the vertical temperature profiles. Based on this evidence, a recently-proposed phenomenological theory that explains the observed scaling laws in the stability correction function for momentum is modified to include the dissimilarity between momentum and scalar transfer, and extended to explain the behavior of the stability correction function for temperature across a wide range of atmospheric stability conditions.
Topology and dynamics of active nematic vesicles (2014)

Engineering synthetic materials that mimic the remarkable complexity of living organisms is a fundamental challenge in science and technology. We studied the spatiotemporal patterns that emerge when an active nematic film of microtubules and molecular motors is encapsulated within a shape-changing lipid vesicle. Unlike in equilibrium systems, where defects are largely static structures, in active nematics defects move spontaneously and can be described as self-propelled particles. The combination of activity, topological constraints, and vesicle deformability produces a myriad of dynamical states. We highlight two dynamical modes: a tunable periodic state that oscillates between two defect configurations, and shape-changing vesicles with streaming filopodia-like protrusions. These results demonstrate how biomimetic materials can be obtained when topological constraints are used to control the non-equilibrium dynamics of active matter.
Regulation of the mammalian cell cycle: a model of the G1-to-S transition (2003)

We have formulated a mathematical model for regulation of the G(1)-to-S transition of the mammalian cell cycle. This mathematical model incorporates the key molecules and interactions that have been identified experimentally. By subdividing these critical molecules into modules, we have been able to systematically analyze the contribution of each to dynamics of the G(1)-to-S transition. The primary module, which includes the interactions between cyclin E (CycE), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and protein phosphatase CDC25A, exhibits dynamics such as limit cycle, bistability, and excitable transient. The positive feedback between CycE and transcription factor E2F causes bistability, provided that the total E2F is constant and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) can be hyperphosphorylated. The positive feedback between active CDK2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) generates a limit cycle. When combined with the primary module, the E2F/Rb and CKI modules potentiate or attenuate the dynamics generated by the primary module. In addition, we found that multisite phosphorylation of CDC25A, Rb, and CKI was critical for the generation of dynamics required for cell cycle progression.
Possible Mechanisms of Binding of Gamma- Pyridones to the Opioid-Like Receptor (2017)

The nociceptive system codes noxious signals by increasing its impulse firing. NaV1.8 channels play a central role in the process of primary sensory coding. The Almers’ method is almost ideal for the study of behavior of their gating device. Application of this method makes it possible to elucidate the mechanism of receptorcoupled modulation of NaV1.8 channels by opioid-like receptors, which exhibit high affinity to some gamma-pyrone and gamma-pyridone derivatives. A remarkable feature characterizing these substances is their ability to chelate calcium. That is why opioidlike receptors recognize these attacking molecules in physiologically appropriate conditions by activation of a very important additional mechanism of ion-ionic interactions switched on by attacking molecules with chelated calcium. This conclusion is confirmed by the study of the effects of gamma-pyridone derivatives, which are structurally very close to gamma-pyrones and, in addition, also have an ability to chelate calcium. The results discussed in this and the previous chapters open a new approach to solve the problem of recognition of medicinal analgesic substances. Our quantum-chemical calculations demonstrate that calcium chelation process plays an important role in ligand-receptor binding and it is energetically allowed not only in vacuum but also in the adequate physiological environment. Conclusions concerning the probable structure of opioid-like receptor binding pocket are presented.
Application of 2-D and dipolar dephasing /sup 13/C NMR techniques to the study of structural variations in coal macerals (1983)

Data are reported for characterizing a series of whole coal macerals using conventional cross-polarization magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP/MAS C-13 NMR), dipolar dephasing, and 2-D dipole dephasing techniques. These data provided much new structural information and demonstrate that multiple pulse and 2-D spectroscopic techniques can be used on complex carbonaceous materials. Data obtained on maceral samples separated by the density gradient centrifugation method are also reported. (BLM)