gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive Anti-inflammatory Effect of Monotropein Isolated from the Root of Morinda officinalis (2005)

The root of Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and impotence in the traditional Oriental medicine. To identify the antinociceptive anti-inflammatory components of this crude drug, we adopted an activity-directed fractionation approach. The active fraction of the BuOH extract of M. officinalis root was subjected to silica gel and ODS column chromatography to yield two diterpenes, compounds 1 and 2 and these were identified as monotropein and deacetylasperulosidic acid, respectively. The iridoid glycoside, monotropein, was tested for its anti-inflammatory antinociceptive effects using hot plate- and writhing antinociceptive assays and by using carrageenan-induced anti-inflammatory assays in mice and rats. Pretreatment with monotropein (at 20, 30 mg/kg/d, p.o.) significantly reduced stretching episodes and prolonged action time in mice. It also significantly reduced acute paw edema by carrageenan in rats. These results indicate that monotropein contributes to the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action of Morinda officinalis root.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Incorporation of Next-Generation Sequencing into Routine Clinical Care to Direct Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Presence of MCL1 Amplification is Associated with Progression-Free Survival Across the Oncopanel Cohort (n=109).&lt;/p&gt;
Micro-range micro-doppler for dismount classification (2013)

This paper presents a processing technique that can be used to detect and classify pedestrians group based on the micro- Doppler signature gathered with a millimeter wave radar. The evaluation of the number of pedestrians moving in a group can be a difficult task using a traditional micro-Doppler spectrogram because of a tendency for people to partially synchronize their steps when walking together. The new approach, based on multi-range variation as well as the micro-Doppler variations, provides promising results. The range-spectrogram processing technique was developed and tested using a database composed of hundreds of pedestrian and vehicle signatures gathered in an urban test site over a two year period in a variety of weather conditions. We associate image detections with radar detections through motion extracted from both radar and imagery. We also explain how radar and video together can produce an inexpensive alternative to 3-D imaging.
Diastereomeric Specificity of 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3-Phosphodiesterase (1996)

The diastereomers of adenosine and uridine 2',3'-cyclic phosphorothioates were tested as substrates for 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase from bovine brain. The enzyme cleaves the Sp (or exo) diastereomers efficiently, whereas the Rp (or endo) diastereomers are resistant to hydrolysis, even after long incubation. As the enzyme exhibits strong substrate inhibition the precise determination of kinetic parameters posed problems, particularly with phosphorothioates. The stereoselectivity of this enzyme is opposite to that of RNase T1 and RNase A and thus could be a useful complement in determination of the configuration of nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphorothioates resulting from hydrolysis reactions of unknown stereochemical course.
Design and testing of hardware improvements of an acoustic sounder (1985)

The application of lasers in military communications and weapons systems accentuate the need for instruments capable of measuring the fine dynamic structure of the atmosphere. One of the most useful tools available for the probing of the atmosphere is the acoustic sounder. Commercial grade acoustic sounders, such as the Aeroviroment model number 300 cannot collect atmospheric data with the quality needed for laser propagation research. The usable range of the Aerovironment model 300 acoustic sounder is less than 500 meters. Many laser systems need atmospheric information at altitudes of 1 to 2 kilometers and higher. The objective of this thesis was to upgrade an existing acoustic sounder to increase the range and improve the quality of the receiver-processor. A serious deficiency of the Aeroviroment model number 300 is the poor coupling of the acoustic transducer to the feedhorn. This thesis involved a complete redesign and experimental test of the transducer feedhorn using two different horn styles as well as making the horn removable and easily changeable. Additional keywords: Experimental data; Charts; Equations.
A Taxonomy of Spatial Units in a Mixed 2D and 3D Cadastral Database (2015)

The aim of this paper is to define the range of objects that may need to be accommodated in the development of a practical cadastral database, to also accommodate 3D spatial units, and permit a range of encodings to coexist. The level of geometric encoding as defined in the ISO19152 LADM provides a framework of categorization of spatial units recorded in a cadastre, whether formal or informal, historic, current or planned. The levels of encoding range from simple “text based” spatial unit to the “topology based” encoding (in both 2D and 3D). In our proposed categorization, there are two more aspects, in addition to the levels of encoding, which we identify: 1. types of real world spatial unit (according to law/ regulations) and 2. types of geometric descriptions. The existence of real-world examples of various combinations of 2D and 3D spatial units provide guidelines in the development of a 3D cadastral system. These include, amongst others, spatial units with: open or closed volumes (unspecified top / bottom), faces restricted or not to horizontal or vertical orientation, fixed or moving face(s) (ambulatory), faces (partly) related to physical constructions or not, 3D spatial unit within single surface parcel or crossing many surface parcels (legal space for pipeline), etc. These are characterizations of the real-world spatial unit, but there are also issues that may become important by virtue of choices made in the database implementation, such as the presence or not of “caves” (dents, holes and trough holes), non 2-manifold boundaries allowed or not, volumes with contiguous or not interiors, boundaries described by planar (flat) or curved primitives, etc. All three classification aspects, encoding level, real-world spatial unit type, geometric representation are more or less orthogonal (in theory all combinations are possible), but in practice also very much related. In developing any database, it is vital to have a complete picture of the range of possible objects that need to be modeled, if “surprises” are to be avoided in the implementation and acceptance testing. This paper provides a discussion on the type of classification that is useful for a cadastral jurisdiction and the validation requirements of these classes of objects.
Amplified Analysis of DNA by the Autonomous Assembly of Polymers Consisting of DNAzyme Wires (2011)

A systematic study of the amplified optical detection of DNA by Mg(2+)-dependent DNAzyme subunits is described. The use of two DNAzyme subunits and the respective fluorophore/quencher-modified substrate allows the detection of the target DNA with a sensitivity corresponding to 1 × 10(-9) M. The use of two functional hairpin structures that include the DNAzyme subunits in a caged, inactive configuration leads, in the presence of the target DNA, to the opening of one of the hairpins and to the activation of an autonomous cross-opening process of the two hairpins, which affords polymer DNA wires consisting of the Mg(2+)-dependent DNAzyme subunits. This amplification paradigm leads to the analysis of the target DNA with a sensitivity corresponding to 1 × 10(-14) M. The amplification mixture composed of the two hairpins can be implemented as a versatile sensing platform for analyzing any gene in the presence of the appropriate hairpin probe. This is exemplified with the detection of the BRCA1 oncogene.
E‐ and Z‐isomerism of 2‐acetylthiophene oximes (1985)

Abstract A study on the oximation of a number of 2‐acetylthiophenes in order to ascertain the validity of contradictory results previously described is reported. The fact that the steric hindrance is smaller in 2‐acetylthiophenes unsubstituted at position‐3 than in acetylbenzenes allows in these cases the formation of Z oximes, which even can predominate on the E oximes in the case of a + M substitution at position‐5. In the paper is also shown that the E/Z ratio of 2‐acetylthiophene oximes can be deduced from the 1 H‐nmr spectrum of the crude oxime mixture.
Pre- and postoperative uses of CEA (1978)

CEA plasma levels obtained prior to definitive surgery in patients with colorectal cancer in our hands have predictive ability. An elevated CEA greater than 2.5 ng/ml recorded by our laboratory means an increased risk of subsequent local recurrence or of later metastatic disease. The question as to whether or not this is additive as a prognostic variable when tested against careful histopathological staging remains. As a monitor, CEA will detect recurrence. Again, the problem as to how accurate this is remains. If we use two consecutive elevations of plasma CEA greater than 2.5 ng/ml as a criteria, we encounter about 15% false positives which must be weighed against finding disease significantly earlier in about one-third of the patients followed. Our data for second-look procedures indicate clearly that when used in patients with an elevated CEA laparotomy may be useful and further studies showed the presence of disease in 11 of 14 patients with an elevation following surgery for two consecutive tests were greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Two were operable. The significance of these findings is described.
Synthetic Fluid Inclusions XXIV. In situ Monitoring of the Carbonation of Olivine Under Conditions Relevant to Carbon Capture and Storage Using Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Micro-Reactors: Determination of Reaction Rates (2021)

Ultramafic and mafic rocks are possible targets for CO 2 sequestration via mineral carbonation. The determination of reaction kinetics and the factors that control mineralization are important in order to understand and predict how fast injected CO 2 will react with host rocks to permanently isolate and store the carbon. Here we present experimental results of olivine carbonation experiments using synthetic fluid inclusions (SFI) as micro-reactors. The micro-reactor technique coupled with non-destructive Raman spectroscopy allows us to monitor the reaction progress in situ and in real time at elevated temperatures (50–200°C) and pressures (several 10's to a few hundred bars), and quantify the amount of CO 2 consumed in the reaction using the Raman CO 2 densimeter and mass-balance calculations. Results show a measurable decrease of CO 2 density in the fluid inclusions as a result of the reaction between the CO 2 -bearing seawater-like aqueous solution and olivine. Magnesite formation was observed within hours at ≥100°C, while at 50°C magnesite nucleation and precipitation was only observed after a few weeks. Raman mapping and FIB-SEM analysis confirmed the formation of a non-continuous Si-rich layer on the inclusion wall and the presence of ferroan magnesite as a reaction product. Reaction rates [log J (mol/m −2 s −1 )] obtained for olivine carbonation range between ~-8.4 at 50°C and −4.7 at 200°C, which is sufficiently rapid to be suitable for commercial CO 2 injection projects. Reaction rates involving a seawater-like fluid were similar to rates published for high salinity solutions containing NaHCO 3 , and were faster compared to rates involving solutions with low salinity. Thus, CO 2 injection into submarine environments might offer some advantages over CO 2 storage in onshore basalts where the pores are likely to be filled with low salinity meteoric water. The application of the synthetic fluid inclusion technique, combined with non-destructive analytical techniques, is a promising tool to monitor rates of fluid-rock reactions in situ and in real time. Here, we have documented its application to experimentally study carbonation reactions in the olivine-H 2 O-CO 2 -NaCl-MgCl 2 system.
Vision‐based Obstacle Detection and Navigation for an Agricultural Robot (2016)

This paper describes a vision-based obstacle detection and navigation system for use as part of a robotic solution for the sustainable intensification of broad-acre agriculture. To be cost-effective, the robotics solution must be competitive with current human-driven farm machinery. Significant costs are in high-end localization and obstacle detection sensors. Our system demonstrates a combination of an inexpensive global positioning system and inertial navigation system with vision for localization and a single stereo vision system for obstacle detection. The paper describes the design of the robot, including detailed descriptions of three key parts of the system: novelty-based obstacle detection, visually-aided guidance, and a navigation system that generates collision-free kinematically feasible paths. The robot has seen extensive testing over numerous weeks of field trials during the day and night. The results in this paper pertain to one particular 3 h nighttime experiment in which the robot performed a coverage task and avoided obstacles. Additional results during the day demonstrate that the robot is able to continue operating during 5 min GPS outages by visually following crop rows.
Principal component analysis for pigmentation distribution in whole facial image and prediction of the facial image in various ages (2013)

In this paper, we apply principal component analysis to pigmentation distribution in whole face and obtain feature values. Furthermore, we estimate the relationship between the obtained vectors and the ages and simulate the changes of women facial image from in her 20s to in her any age by multiple regression analysis. Human faces is the well-known part which receive a lot of attention in the body. Changing the small quantity of the features in faces make large differences in their appearance. The features which we can receive divide broadly into two categories. One is the physical feature such as skin condition and its shape, and another one is the psychological features such as the ages and the health. In the beauty industry it is required to synthesize the skin texture based on the two kinds of the feature values. Previous works remain in the analysis of the skin texture using small area. By morphing shape of facial images to that of average face and extending the analyzed area to whole face, our method can analyze pigmentation distribution in whole face and simulate appearance of face by changing the age.
Enhancing the Viability of Lactobacillus plantarum Inoculum by Immobilizing the Cells in Calcium-Alginate Beads Incorporating Cryoprotectants (1990)

Many literature reports have cited the importance of the rehydration conditions of lyophilized cultures in determining viability. The rate of rehydration and the volume of fluid used have been identified as two important factors. One possible means of controlling these is by immobilizing the cells before lyophilization within a gel matrix in which the subsequent rehydration rate and fluid volume would be controlled by the properties of the gel. In this study Lactobacillus plantarum was immobilized and lyophilized in Ca-alginate beads in which 1 M glycerol or 0.75 M adonitol with skim milk were incorporated as a cryoprotectant. The properties of these Ca-alginate beads were examined before and after lyophilization and rehydration. The beads incorporating glycerol were smaller and stronger than those with adonitol. After lyophilization, size decreased and strength increased but to a greater extent in the beads with glycerol, indicating that the microenvironment within the two bead types was probably different. The protective effect of the bead microenvironment on immobilized L. plantarum was also examined. Lyophilization and rehydration within the alginate beads with either polyol yielded higher survival rates than that attained with free cell cultures during rehydration in optimal or suboptimal conditions. During rehydration under suboptimal conditions, the immobilized cell survival was greatest when 0.75 M adonitol was the incorporated cryoprotectant.
ANTIGEN-BINDING LYMPHOCYTES IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CONTACT SENSITIZATION (1972)

The number of specific antigen-binding cells (ABC) in lymphoid cell populations of normal and 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB)-sensitized guinea pigs was directly related to the quantity of antigen incubated with the cells, the length of auto-radiographic (AR) exposure time, and the number of dinitrophenyl (DNP) determinants on the carrier molecule. DNFB sensitization of guinea pigs produced a maximum 4-fold increase in the number of ABC 4 days after sensitization. This response preceded both antibody formation and appearance of delayed hypersensitivity. Therefore, the ABC enumerated in our experiments during the initiation of contact sensitization are either precursors of antibody-forming cells or precursors of lymphoid cells mediating delayed hypersensitivity responses. Rabbit antiserum specific for light chains of guinea pig immunoglobulins abolished the capacity of cells to bind antigen.
Fatigue Crack Growth Analyses of Aerospace Threaded Fasteners—Part III: Experimental Crack Growth Behavior (2007)

Abstract Because fatigue crack growth in a threaded fastener can cause the loss of an aircraft, damage tolerant analyses are required. Because designers commonly perform crack growth analyses on stainless steel fasteners with scant data or simplifying assumptions, or both, the objective of this research was to determine the stress intensity multiplication factor (Y) in the threads of a nut loaded, stainless steel, aerospace, roll-threaded bolt under tensile fatigue conditions as the nondimensionalized crack depth (a/d) approaches zero. Y(a/d) can then be used to improve the accuracy of fatigue crack growth life estimations. Unflawed and flawed aerospace bolts were fatigue tested at a maximum stress (S) ranging from the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) to the surface endurance limit of the test bolt and at several loading ratios of 0.1⩽R⩽0.9. Data collection from the fracture surfaces yielded crack front shape characterization and striation spacing. The shape of the crack front in the unflawed and flawed test bolts was different and both changed as the crack grew. Fifty-one striation spacing measurements ranging from 5.6×10−5 to 7.9×10−4 mm were found at crack depths of a/d&amp;gt;0.035. These striation measurements were directly related to crack growth rates so that stress intensity factor ranges (ΔK) and in turn Y(a/d) could be estimated.
Outcome of patients with acquired aplastic anemia given first line bone marrow transplantation or immunosuppressive treatment in the last decade: a report from the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (2007)

Outcome has improved in subsets of AA patients: those receiving first- line BMT and children with vSAA treated with IS. Age remains a major predictor for both treatments. Early intervention is associated with a significantly better outcome and is strongly recommended, whatever the first-line therapy.
Production of Granulocyte--macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor in a Patient with Metastatic Chest Wall Large Cell Carcinoma (1998)

Recent reports of cancers that produce colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and which are associated with leukocytosis indicate that most are granulocyte CSF-producing tumors. A 71-year-old man with metastatic chest wall tumors from large cell lung cancer with marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia was reported. His maximal leukocyte count was 48300/microliter with 37.5% eosinophils. Granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) activity detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum was 112 pg/ml (normal range < 2.0 pg/ml), but G-CSF was normal. Immunohistochemical detection of GM-CSF protein on a chest wall tumor sample was positive. Irradiation of the chest wall tumor was performed and the leukocyte count decreased temporally. However, he died of respiratory failure due to progressive tumor growth 56 days after admission. Based on these results it appears that autocrine production of GM-CSF is a possible cause of this leukemoid reaction.
Generation, characterization, and maintenance of trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. (2016)

Trastuzumab became the therapy of choice for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in 1998, and it has provided clinical benefit ever since. However, a significant percentage of patients show primary resistance to trastuzumab at diagnosis, and most patients with metastatic disease that initially respond to trastuzumab eventually progress (acquired resistance). Consequently, there is an urgent need to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms governing resistance, so that specific therapeutic strategies can be developed to provide improved efficacy. We generated new cell lines derived from BCCL through extended exposure to trastuzumab. Drug-conditioned populations were authenticated for their molecular profile and their resistance rate was determined. Heterogeneous <i>HER2</i> amplification was observed across most of the BCCLs, ranging from cells without <i>HER2</i> amplification to elevated <i>HER2</i> gene copy numbers in others. Using a phospho-antibody array we analyzed the status of kinase receptors and effectors from different cellular pathways. This revealed that HER2, AKT, and S6RP presented high phosphorylation levels with specific variations between sensitive and resistant populations. In addition, differences in phosphorylation levels for several of those pathways targets were found between sensitive and resistant lines. Furthermore, a biochemical study characterized patterns of molecular alterations similar to those commonly described in breast cancer. Finally, a subcutaneous xenograft murine model confirmed the resistance to trastuzumab of the established cell line. We conclude that these resistant BCCLs can be a valuable tool to gain insight into the mechanisms of acquisition of trastuzumab resistance.
LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRON EMISSION FROM BaTiO3 FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS (2008)

ABSTRACT Electron emission from sol-gel derived thin films is demonstrated in this paper. The electron emission measurements have been performed using 1 μ m ferroelectric cathodes based on BaTiO3 spin coated thin films. Ferroelectric thin film capacitors were obtained onto a nichrome substrate using a very thin Au layer like top electrode. Then, an a.c. voltage is applied to the bottom electrode and electron emission is observed using a parallel cathode – positively biased anode arrangement in a vacuum chamber at 10− 4 Pa. Stable electron emission was obtained using both sine or square-wave voltage in a wide range of frequencies with the turn-on voltage of 50 V.
Biodegradable Polyurethanes: Synthesis and Applications in Regenerative Medicine (2008)

Biostable polyurethanes (PURs) have been incorporated in biomedical devices since the 1960s. The mechanisms of degradation and compositions with improved in vivo biostability have been investigated extensively. In recent years, biodegradable PURs have been investigated for applications in regenerative medicine. In contrast to the biostable implants, these biomaterials are designed to undergo controlled degradation in vivo and promote ingrowth of new tissue. Tissue-engineered scaffolds have been fabricated from biodegradable PURs using a variety of techniques, including thermally induced phase separation, salt leaching, wet spinning, electrospinning, and carbon dioxide foaming. These materials have been reported to support the ingrowth of cells and tissue in vitro and in vivo, and undergo controlled degradation to noncytotoxic decomposition products. Due to their tunable biological, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, biodegradable PURs present compelling future opportunities as scaffolds for regeneration of tissue. This review article summarizes recent advances made in the synthesis of biodegradable PURs and the application of these materials as scaffolds for regenerative medicine.