gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based derivation and external validation of a tool to predict death and development of organ failure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2022)

COVID-19 mortality risk stratification tools could improve care, inform accurate and rapid triage decisions, and guide family discussions regarding goals of care. A minority of COVID-19 prognostic tools have been tested in external cohorts. Our objective was to compare machine learning algorithms and develop a tool for predicting subsequent clinical outcomes in COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021. Seven Hundred Twelve consecutive patients from University of Washington and 345 patients from Tongji Hospital in China were included. We applied three different machine learning algorithms to clinical and laboratory data collected within the initial 24 h of hospital admission to determine the risk of in-hospital mortality, transfer to the intensive care unit, shock requiring vasopressors, and receipt of renal replacement therapy. Mortality risk models were derived, internally validated in UW and externally validated in Tongji Hospital. The risk models for ICU transfer, shock and RRT were derived and internally validated in the UW dataset but were unable to be externally validated due to a lack of data on these outcomes. Among the UW dataset, 122 patients died (17%) during hospitalization and the mean days to hospital mortality was 15.7 +/- 21.5 (mean +/- SD). Elastic net logistic regression resulted in a C-statistic for in-hospital mortality of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81) in the internal validation and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.89) in the external validation set. Age, platelet count, and white blood cell count were the most important predictors of mortality. In the sub-group of patients > 50 years of age, the mortality prediction model continued to perform with a C-statistic of 0.82 (95% CI:0.76,0.87). Prediction models also performed well for shock and RRT in the UW dataset but functioned with lower accuracy for ICU transfer. We trained, internally and externally validated a prediction model using data collected within 24 h of hospital admission to predict in-hospital mortality on average two weeks prior to death. We also developed models to predict RRT and shock with high accuracy. These models could be used to improve triage decisions, resource allocation, and support clinical trial enrichment.
Temporal Change by Measurement of Swallowing Sound (2019)

In Japan, a country with an unparalleled super-aged society, the seventh leading cause of death is aspiration pneumonia at 2.7%, with the overall death rate due to pneumonia being 9.9%. The probability of aspiration of food related to the degree of swallowing function is unknown. In this study, multichannel analysis was used to measure the time gap between signals from multiple microphones when recording the sound of swallowing. In addition, the change in timing of sounds I, II, and III was confirmed depending on the amount and viscosity of swallowed food. In the multichannel analysis, a slight deviation of the signal occurs for each microphone, suggesting that the index can be extracted from the multichannel analysis. It was determined that when the amount of material to be swallowed and the viscosity change, the time of the entire set of sounds and that of each section changes accordingly.
Oncogene‐induced senescence and melanoma: where do we stand? (2011)

In recent years, many groups have detected biomarkers of cellular senescence in a plethora of neoplastic lesions, in model systems, and humans. Indeed, we have come to realize that oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) acts as a potent barrier to oncogenic transformation, operating alongside cell death programs. We have begun to uncover some of its underlying principles, but many fundamental questions remain. In this perspective, some of the 'knowns' and 'unknowns' of OIS are discussed, with a focus on melanomagenesis.
An iterative approach to minimizing valuation errors using an automated comparable sales method (2011)

This paper describes a method for automating sales comparison valuations by choosing a small sample of comparable sales from a submarket of similar properties and adjusting their prices based on differences between sale and subject property characteristics. This logic is similar to that used in a traditional sales comparison adjustment grid approach using, for example, FNMA Form 1004. Traditional appraisal methods select, adjust, and reconcile a few comparable sales. This valuation algorithm follows the same steps and, in addition, computes summary price prediction error statistics useful for evaluating and improving the valuation protocol. By calculating summary statistics on prediction errors, we can, in addition to automating the valuation process for samples of properties, automate aspects of the modeling improvement process.
Early Stages of Calciphylaxis: Are Skin Biopsies the Answer (2011)

Calciphylaxis, nowadays called calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), is a rare but life-threatening syndrome characterized by systemic medial calcification and arterial occlusion of the arterioles, leading to skin necrosis. Actually, the pathogenesis of CUA is complex and poorly understood. The vast majority of published cases presented with ulcers. We present a 71-year-old male who was referred to the Nephrology Department for evaluation and therapy for refractory edema of both legs. There were no subcutaneous plaques, ulcers or other focal lesions. We performed a deep skin biopsy of the thigh. After the biopsy, the patient developed necrosis around the sampling location. Diagnosing CUA in the early stages of the disease, however, is challenging. Should a skin biopsy be performed in the early stages of CUA in patients without ulcerations, knowing the risk of inducing ulcerations, or should an intensive treatment - after considering clinical manifestations, other noninvasive diagnostic tools (bone scan, X-ray mammography technique) and laboratory tests - be started? Although there are no specific diagnostic laboratory tests for CUA and the clinical manifestations of CUA are similar to those of other disorders, a skin biopsy is not routinely recommended to confirm the diagnosis of early-stage calciphylaxis.
Soy flour and grits for use in food products (1971)

Abstract Processing alternatives enable the soybean processor to manufacture soy flour products which vary in fat content, granulation and degree of heat treatment. By controlling these variables, the processor is able to regulate the nutritional value and functional properties of these products. The application of soy flour products is dependent upon their functional properties, nutritional value and low cost. Currently, the major markets for soy flour and grits are in pet foods and animal feeds, cereal based foods and ingredients, meat based foods, and as a substrate for refined protein products such as the textured vegetable proteins, soy protein concentrates, isolates and hydrolysates. These soy protein products are generally marketed as functional and nutritional substitutes for meat, milk and egg protein. For example, soy flour is a functional replacement for milk in many cereal‐based foods, e.g., bread, and also enhances the nutritional value of the cereal protein by supplying lysine to the formulation. The United States government has pioneered the development and marketing of protein‐enriched, cereal‐based foods designed to combat worldwide starvation. The government has directly supported the research and development of corn and wheat‐based food substrates supplemented with soy flour, and has purchased over one billion pounds of these products since 1966 for worldwide distribution.
Phase II trial of high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and stereotactic radiation therapy (SABR) for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC): Interim analysis. (2016)

532 Background: We report a planned interim analysis of a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial of HD IL-2 and SABR in multiple ccRCC metastatic sites. Methods: Metastatic ccRCC patients eligible for IL-2 were enrolled and received SABR of 1 or 3 fractions (fx) to up to 6 sites. IL-2 (Proleukin) was administered within 84 hours from the last SABR fx at 600,000 IU/kg every 8h for up to 14 doses in a monitored setting followed by another week after a week break. Eligible (responding) patients received a second course in &gt; 12 weeks. The primary endpoint is the response rate (RR) as evaluated by iRECIST. The study is powered to detect a 60% improvement compared to the historically reported 23% RR for IL-2. Results: 16 patients were enrolled between August 2013 and July 2015; two were withdrawn from the study due to cardiac events prior to receiving IL-2 infusions. The median follow up was 9 months. A median of 2 (1-3) sites were treated with SABR with a median dose of 24.5 Gy (21-27 Gy) for single fx and 30Gy for 3 fx (25-33 Gy). All patients received the first week of IL-2 with a median of 10.5/14 doses; 64% received the second week (9/14) with a median of 7/14 doses. Two patients refused a second week of IL-2 and one was unable to receive it due to thyrotoxicosis. PICC line DVT delayed the second week of IL-2 in two patients. 29% of patients (4/14) received a second course of IL-2. The rate of grade 3 toxicity was 64% with no &gt; grade 3 toxicity. The overall toxicities were expected of IL-2 treatment, transient and resolved after treatment discontinuation. In two cases, grade 1 toxicity was attributed to SABR. At this interim, ten patients underwent at least two follow up scans and were evaluable for outcome analysis. The RR was 40%, with one patient presenting complete response and 3 patients showing partial response. The median duration of overall response was 5 months, with a median stable disease duration of 6 months. Local control rate for SABR-treated lesions was 95%. Conclusions: The addition of SABR to IL-2 increased the RR in mRCC patients of about 2-folds compared to IL-2 alone, despite the reduced number of patients receiving the second week of IL-2. No significant increase in toxicity was observed. Clinical trial information: NCT01896271.
Multi-Bracket High Dynamic Range Imaging with Event Cameras (2022)

Modern high dynamic range (HDR) imaging pipelines align and fuse multiple low dynamic range (LDR) images captured at different exposure times. While these methods work well in static scenes, dynamic scenes remain a challenge since the LDR images still suffer from saturation and noise. In such scenarios, event cameras would be a valid complement, thanks to their higher temporal resolution and dynamic range. In this paper, we propose the first multi-bracket HDR pipeline combining a standard camera with an event camera. Our results show better overall robustness when using events, with improvements in PSNR by up to 5dB on synthetic data and up to 0.7dB on real-world data. We also introduce a new dataset containing bracketed LDR images with aligned events and HDR ground truth.
Viral Entry of Hepatitis B and D Viruses and Bile Salts Transportation Share Common Molecular Determinants on Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (2014)

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its satellite virus, hepatitis D virus (HDV), are important human pathogens. Available therapeutics against HBV are limited, and there is no drug that is clinically available for HDV infection. A liver bile acids transporter (sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]) critical for maintaining homeostasis of bile acids serves as a functional receptor for HBV and HDV. We report here that the NTCP-binding lipopeptide that originates from the first 47 amino acids of the pre-S1 domain of the HBV L protein blocks taurocholate transport. Some bile salts dose dependently inhibit HBV and HDV infection mediated by NTCP; molecular determinants of NTCP critical for HBV and HDV entry overlap with that for bile acids transport. This work advances our understanding of NTCP-mediated HBV and HDV infection in relation to NTCP's physiological function. Our results also suggest that bile acids or their derivatives hold potential for development into novel drugs against HBV and HDV infection.
Comment développer la recharge artificielle des nappes en régions sèches (2001)

Le stockage de l’eau est une necessite imperative dans les regions seches pour l’irrigation et la consommation de populations citadines en rapide croissance. Diverses raisons imposent un remplacement progressif du stockage a l’air libre par une mise en reserve dans les nappes aquiferes peu profondes a l’abri de l’evaporation. Paradoxalement les techniques de recharge artificielle se sont developpees jusqu’ici en regions temperees et leur transfert dans les pays secs necessite de nombreuses adaptations : etiages tres prononces sur les cours d’eau du Sahel entrainant des penuries dramatiques pour plusieurs grandes villes, necessite de stockage accru des eaux infiltrees a partir de crues episodiques et enfin recherche de nouveaux reservoirs plus specifiques : cones alluviaux, massifs dunaires ou injection d’eau douce dans des nappes aquiferes saumâtres. Ces nouvelles techniques doivent contribuer a resoudre les tres graves penuries d’eau previsibles dans de nombreux pays arides autour du Sahara et au Moyen-Orient.
Substitutional carbon incorporation in epitaxial Si1−yCy alloys on Si(001) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

We show that C incorporation kinetics depend significantly on the carbon concentration. The carbon substitutionality (fraction of substitutional incorporated carbon atoms) is strongly influenced by the growth conditions, such as growth temperature and Si growth rate. In addition, reduction in the growth temperature and increase of the growth rate can both increase the substitutional carbon fraction. This behavior is well described by a kinetic model, with the energy barrier and preexponential frequency factor decreasing with increasing carbon concentration. Very low carbon concentrations (in the dopant range) can be predominantly incorporated substitutionally, independent of the growth temperature. At higher C concentrations (in the percentage range), the substitutional carbon fraction is shifted to lower values. We predict the existence of an upper limit for substitutional C incorporation, with its value depending on the specific growth conditions.
Front Cover: Solar RRL 1∕2017 (2017)

Despite large research efforts and the materials sharing similar crystalline and electronic structures, the open circuit voltages (Voc) of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 based solar cells have remained well below those of chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based cells. Pruzan et al. (article no. 1600024) use element-specific transmission X-ray microscopy tomography with resolution of <200 nm to characterize elemental fluctuations in >100 μm3 volumes of Cu2ZnSnSe4. Anticorrelation in the concentrations of Cu and Zn is found on the scale of polycrystalline grains, proving that disorder exists on length scales much larger than point defects. These results yield unique insight into the origins of composition and thus the electronic structure inhomogeneity and Voc deficit in kesterite devices.
MGCD265, a multitargeted oral tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor of Met and VEGFR, in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2012)

e13602 Background: MGCD265 is a multi-target oral tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that targets Met (wild type and clinically-relevant Met mutants), VEGFRs 1, 2, 3, Tie and Ron. Combining Met and EGFR inhibitors has been shown to be synergistic and can overcome resistance to EGFR inhibitors. MGCD265 in combination with erlotinib is being evaluated clinically for safety and efficacy. Methods: This is a phase I dose escalation trial of patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors, using the classic 3+3 design. MGCD265 and erlotinib were administered every day over a 21-day cycle. Safety evaluation included determination of dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose of the combination. The pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles as well as anti-tumor activity, using RECIST 1.1, were also evaluated. Results: As ofJanuary 11, 2012, 45 pts were enrolled (median age: 58 years old; M/F: 27/18; ECOG 0/1: 20/25). MGCD265 was dose escalated from 96 mg/m 2 QD to 162 mg/m 2 BID, in combination with erlotinib (initially at 100 mg then at 150 mg QD). Diarrhea (n=6) was the only treatment-related ≥ grade 3 adverse event observed in ≥ 2 pts. The observed DLTs (all grade 3) were (n=1): diarrhea (96 mg/m 2 QD MGCD265+100 mg erlotinib), rash and fatigue (144 mg/m 2 QD MGCD265+150 mg erlotinib) and rhabdomyolysis (162 mg/m 2 BID MGCD265+150 mg erlotinib). One out of 3 pts with NSCLC, who was positive for activating EGFR mutation, experienced a partial response (duration of response of 8 cycles). Seven pts with a variety of tumors experienced stable disease for 6 cycles or more. Three out of 8 pts with gastroesophageal cancer remained on study for ~12-26 cycles. The PD profile indicated a decrease in the plasma level of HGF at Cycle 1 Day 8 compared to baseline in some patients. Conclusions: MGCD265, at the doses tested, was well tolerated in combination with full-dose erlotinib. The activity of MGCD265 combined with erlotinib supports phase II development of the combination.
A Low Profile Stacked Transformer for High-Efficiency High-Output-Current 380 V/12 V LLC Resonant Converters (2019)

This paper proposes a low profile transformer structure for high-efficiency and high-output-current LLC resonant converters, named stacked transformer. Besides minimization of termination losses by integrating the synchronous rectifiers (SRs) and output filter capacitors into the secondary windings, the vertically stacked structure can shrink the transformer footprint and significantly shorten the secondary current travelling loop at the output terminals. High efficiency and high power density are thus achieved, particularly for high-output-current applications. The close flux coupling and small leakage inductance between the secondary windings limit the voltage stress on the SR MOSFETs. Consistent and low voltage spikes on all of the SRs are ensured by uniform parameters due to the one-core set structure attained by flux cancellation. The proposed transformer and its performance are verified by finite element analysis simulation, experimental results and analysis on a 380 V/12 V 1.2 kW LLC resonant converter that achieves a peak efficiency of 98.2%.
A new property of 2-dimensional fields (1952)

A new property of 2-dimensional fields is presented. It has to do with a field in a nearly closed area that is without sources, a typical example of which is the flux in a slot. This will be called the original field. Any such original field always has correlated with it what will be called a correlative field, the correlative field having an entirely different conformation.
A Recommender for Targeted Advertisement of Unsought Products in E-Commerce (2006)

Recommender systems are a powerful tool for promoting sales in electronic commerce. An effective shopping recommender system can help boost the retailer's sales by reminding customers to purchase additional products originally not on their shopping lists. Existing recommender systems are designed to identify the top selling items, also called hot sellers, based on the store's sales data and customer purchase behaviors. It turns out that timely reminders for unsought products, which are cold sellers that the consumer either does not know about or does not normally think of buying, present great opportunities for significant sales growth. In this paper, we propose the framework and process of a recommender system that identifies potential customers of unsought products using boosting-SVM. The empirical results show that the proposed approach provides a promising solution to targeted advertisement for unsought products in an e-commerce environment.
Optimization of Expanded Polypropylene Foam Coring to Improve Bumper Foam Core Energy Absorbing Capability (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To design a cost, weight, and energy efficient bumper foam energy absorber, it is important to consider optimizing the shape of coring employed in the design of the system. In this paper, a number of foam coring patterns are studied by both empirical and analytical methods. The size and shape of proposed core designs are studied in detail with consideration given to several different densities of expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam. Using the finite element method of structural analysis, it is possible to have an inside look at the stress distribution during deformation of foam structures. An optimization study using the finite element method is conducted using the energy absorption ratio as an efficiency parameter. Several coring patterns are studied and recommended for bumper foam core design based on high energy absorption efficiency and low tear stress.&lt;/div&gt;
Risks, benefits, and consent in the age of gene therapy (2006)

Gene therapy for neurologic diseases is in its infancy, but holds promise for many progressive disorders.1 Before neuroscientists develop the first strategies for gene therapy, clinicians must explore the concerns of the first patients to receive this experimental treatment. The article by Kim et al.2 in this issue of Neurology deals with the critical clinical issues of recruiting patients and of their full understanding of the protocol for a phase I gene therapy trial for Parkinson disease (PD). The article has implications for many degenerative neurologic diseases. Early concepts of gene therapy targeted uncommon single-gene disorders using wild-type gene replacement of a defective gene. PD enlarges the targets for gene therapy to common chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Most PD is not inherited and like other common neurologic diseases affects a localized or interconnected neuronal network where targeted gene therapy may be applicable.3 Other examples include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis4 and Alzheimer disease.5 For these diseases, current drug treatments are symptomatic since no therapy halts the progressive loss of neurons or reverses neuronal degeneration. The cause of progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and depletion of dopamine (DA) from the striatum remains unknown. DA replacement offers symptomatic relief early in PD but is less …
Changes to Intermediary Metabolites in Sporadic andLRRK2Parkinson’s Disease Demonstrated by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2015)

Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a clinical diagnosis and biomarkers are needed to detect the disease as early as possible. Genetically determined PD provides an opportunity for studying metabolic differences in connection with disease development. Objectives. To study the levels of intermediary metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with PD, either of sporadic type or in carriers of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation. Methods. Results from patients with sporadic PD or LRRK2-PD were compared with asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers and healthy control individuals. CSF was analysed by proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) giving reliable results for 16 intermediary metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to study group differences. Results. PLS-DA distinguished PD patients from healthy individuals based on the metabolites identified in CSF, with 2-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine, and dimethyl sulphone largely contributing to the separations. Conclusion. Speculatively, all three metabolites could alter concentration in response to metabolic changes connected with neurodegeneration; glutamine as a means of removing excess nitrogen from brain, dimethyl sulphone as an anti-inflammatory agent, and 2-hydroxybutyrate in connection with altered glutathione metabolism. Potentially, (1)H-MRS is a promising tool for identifying novel biomarkers for PD.