gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memory-fast DRAMs for sharper TV (1992)

It is argued that HDTV will require even greater memory throughput than computers do, for future television features such as high-definition display and picture enhancement. Current TV memories are described, and the features of HDTV that require faster memories are examined. The constraints composed by DRAM characteristics on TV designers are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transsplenic Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (2008)

Splenic injury is a rare complication sustained most commonly during supracostal, upper-pole access to the left renal unit. When patients are hemodynamically stable, this complication can be conservatively managed, with prolonged nephrostomy drainage and observation in a monitored setting before and after nephrostomy tube removal.
Unique murine tumor-associated antigens identified by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (1990)

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were cultured from multiple methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas under four different conditions: either low-dose (10 U/ml) or high-dose (1000 U/ml) rIL-2 was used with Ag stimulation by irradiated autologous tumor and splenocytes starting either at day 1 or day 10 of culture. TIL grown from four antigenically distinct sarcomas in low-dose rIL-2 were specifically lytic in vitro to their tumor of origin in 13 of 15 (87%) lytic cultures whereas only 8 of 28 (29%) lytic TIL cultures grown in high-dose rIL-2 showed specificity. TIL cultured in low-dose rIL-2 with Ag stimulation on day 1 of culture proliferated at a rate equal to TIL grown in high-dose rIL-2 and maintained their specificity for over 3 mo in culture. Cytolysis by specific TIL was MHC-restricted. TIL with in vitro specificity were therapeutically effective in eliminating established micrometastases in murine models. These investigations demonstrate that CTL derived from tumor-bearing mice can be used to define unique tumor-associated Ag on at least four different sarcomas and may be valuable in studies of the biologic nature of these Ag and in the adoptive immunotherapy of tumors.
Changes in Gene Expression Following Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat (1995)

This paper reviews changes in gene expression produced by two rodent models of traumatic brain injury: cortical impact injury and fluid-percussion injury. Cortical impact injury produces transient increases in c-fos mRNA expression, which begin as early as 5 min after injury and subsides by 1 day after injury in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to injury. In addition, AP-1 transcription factor binding is greatly increased in the injured cerebral cortex at 1, 3, and 5 h post-injury. AP-1 binding remains increased for at least 1 day after injury, while SP-1 transcription factor binding activity does not increase. Additional studies have confirmed increases in c-fos mRNA expression in the hippocampus at 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h after injury. These increases in c-fos mRNA in the hippocampus preceded increased levels of NGF mRNA that were detected at 1 and 3 h but not at 30 min following injury. Following fluid-percussion injury, increases in c-fos mRNA can be detected as early as 2 h following injury in the cortex ipsilateral to the site of injury as well as in the hippocampus. Heat-shock protein (hsp72) mRNA is also increased in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus following fluid percussion injury. By 24 h post-injury, both c-fos and hsp72 gene expression return to control levels. Severe but not moderate fluid percussion injury produces increased gene expression for glucose-regulated proteins (grp78, grp94) 12 h following injury. Fluid-percussion injury also produces significant increases in expression of both interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the injured cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus as early as 1 h post-injury, that remains elevated up to 6 h in the injured cortex and hippocampus.
Design Optimization for Low-Power Reconfigurable Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Voltage Converter (2019)

Low-power circuits often employ dynamic voltage scaling and energy harvesting. Such circuits need a power management unit that can convert the voltage source to a wide range of target voltages with high efficiency. Targeting such a power management unit, this paper presents a reconfigurable architecture of switched capacitor (SC) voltage converter. It introduces a design optimization methodology that can determine trade-off among design parameters to meet the goal. The proposed converter employs a reconfigurable topology with four capacitors. It provides 11 conversion ratios: 6 stepdown and 5 step-up ratios supporting wide input/output voltage range. An analytical model for the output impedance of the proposed reconfigurable SC topology is presented. Using the model, the proposed optimization methodology can minimize the total power dissipation. To validate the proposed architecture and optimization methodology, the converter has been implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process using integrated capacitors of total size 2.2 nF. Simulation results show that the optimized converter circuit achieves an efficiency range from 83.41% to 74.69% for a load current of 100 μA.
Keratin-Alginate Sponges Support Healing of Partial-Thickness Burns (2021)

Deep partial-thickness burns damage most of the dermis and can cause severe pain, scarring, and mortality if left untreated. This study serves to evaluate the effectiveness of crosslinked keratin-alginate composite sponges as dermal substitutes for deep partial-thickness burns. Crosslinked keratin-alginate sponges were tested for the ability to support human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and to support the closure and healing of partial-thickness burn wounds in <i>Sus scrofa</i> pigs. Keratin-alginate composite sponges supported the enhanced proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts compared to alginate-only sponges and exhibited decreased contraction in vitro when compared to keratin only sponges. As dermal substitutes in vivo, the sponges supported the expression of keratin 14, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen IV within wound sites, comparable to collagen sponges. Keratin-alginate composite sponges supported the regeneration of basement membranes in the wounds more than in collagen-treated wounds and non-grafted controls, suggesting the subsequent development of pathological scar tissues may be minimized. Results from this study indicate that crosslinked keratin-alginate sponges are suitable alternative dermal substitutes for clinical applications in wound healing and skin regeneration.
Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Crack Propagation (1981)

Abstract : A finite element analysis of stationary and propagating cracks in the presence of inertia forces is presented. An extension of the J-integral approach is employed. To model a propagating crack, a conceptually simple yet effective technique has been developed. The new crack propagation scheme eliminates the difficulties associated with the use of moving singular elements. (Author)
The Serval Project: Practical Wireless Ad-Hoc Mobile Telecommunications (2011)

The purpose of this work is to give an introduction into the genesis and motiva-tion behind the Serval Project, which the author believes to be the first practical mesh mobile telephony platform. As such, it focusses more on the why and the what, rather than the fine detail of the how. Fuller explainations of the various
Lead systems for internal ventricular fibrillation. (1981)

We examined the feasibility of using a standby automatic implantable defibrillator and established thresholds for internal defibrillation. The implantable defibrillator senses ventricular fibrillation and delivers an electrical impulse for defibrillation. Two lead systems for the device have been investigated. System I consists of two 12-cm2 silicone-covered titanium mesh patches attached to the atrial and diaphragmatic pericardial surfaces. System II has an identical diaphragmatic patch and a titanium spring catheter, with a 12-cm2 surface area of conductivity, placed transvenously in the right atrium. Both systems were implanted by thoracotomy in 12 dogs (mean weight 20 kg) and by a subxiphoid approach in 10 pigs (mean weight 20 kg). The defibrillation threshold (lowest energy required for 80% success) was determined periodically for 54 weeks in the dogs (615 trials) and at 6 weeks for the pigs (100 trials). In dogs, the mean defibrillation threshold with system I leads at 4 weeks was 10.5 J and did not change significantly over a 54-week period (p greater than 0.05). Similar results were obtained in the pig at 4 weeks. The defibrillation thresholds for both lead systems in dogs and pigs using a transpleural thoracotomy or a subxiphoid approach are satisfactory for an implantable defibrillator that produces 20-35 J.
Electrochemical oxidation of methanol on Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 nanocatalyst (2013)

The Ru-doped SnO2 powder, (RuxSn1-x)O2, with the Sn:Ru atomic ratio of 9:1 was synthesized and used as a support for Pt nanoparticles (30 mass% loading). The (RuxSn1-x)O2 support and Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (RuxSn1-x)O2 was found to be two-phase material consisting of probably solid solution of RuO2 in SnO2 and pure RuO2. The average Pt particle size determined by TEM was 5.3 nm. Cyclic voltammetry of Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 indicated good conductivity of the sup-port and displayed usual features of Pt. The results of the electrochemical oxidation of COads and methanol on Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 were compared with those on commercial Pt/C and PtRu/C catalysts. Oxidation of COads on Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 starts at less positive potentials than on PtRu/C and Pt/C. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and chronoamperometric curves of methanol oxidation indicated higher initial activity of Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 catalyst compared to PtRu/C, but also a greater loss in the current density over time. Potentiodynamic stability test of the catalysts revealed that deactivation of the Pt/(RuxSn1-x)O2 and Pt/C was primarily caused by the poisoning of Pt surface by the methanol oxidation residues, which mostly occurred during the first potential cycle. In the case of PtRu/C the poisoning of the surface was minor and deactivation was caused by the PtRu surface area loss.
Synthesis of New Heterocycles Derived from 3-(3-Methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile as Potent Antifungal Agents (2012)

New thiazoline derivatives 7a-c, and thiophenes 9a-c linked to indole moiety were easily prepared via the reaction of the acrylamide derivative 3 with phenacyl bromides 4a-c, depending on the reaction conditions. In addition, the reaction of compound 3 with hydrazonoyl chlorides 11a-f afforded a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 13a-f. Moreover, coupling of 3-(3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (2) with the diazonium salts of 3-phenyl-5-aminopyrazole 16 or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole 17 gave the corresponding hydrazones 18 and 19, respectively. Cyclization of the latter hydrazones yielded the corresponding pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazine and 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazine derivatives 20 and 21, respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, <TEX>$^1H$</TEX> NMR and mass spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activities against certain strains of fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nodulans, Alternaria alternate. Compounds showed marked inhibition of fungal growth nearly equal to the standards.
Decoding new multicomponent codes (2016)

New constructions of multicomponent codes which have maximum cardinality due to Johnson upper bound are presented. Decoding algorithm is described. An example is given. The main performance is estimated.
Performance Improvement of an Al/TiO2/Al Electronic Bipolar Resistive Switching Memory Cell via Inserting an Ultrathin ZrO2 Layer (2022)

The Al/TiO2/Al resistance random access memory (ReRAM) showed an area-type electronic bipolar resistive switching (e-BRS) mechanism, which was mediated by the trapping and detrapping of the carriers at the trap centers. The area-type e-BRS device had area-scalable characteristics and excellent uniformity, which are beneficial for large-scale integrated applications. However, the unsatisfactory endurance and retention performance needed to be improved. In this work, a 1–2 nm thick ZrO2 thin layer was deposited by the thermal atomic layer deposition on the 25 nm thick sputter-deposited TiO2 layer to form an Al/ZrO2/TiO2/Al memory cell. The thin ZrO2 layer effectively prevented the active Al top electrode from absorbing oxygen from the TiO2 resistive switching (RS) layer without significantly affecting the asymmetric energy barrier structure of the device. The suppression of oxygen loss from the TiO2 RS layer retained the desired trap density of the RS layer even after the extended switching cycle operation. This suppression effect significantly improved the RS performances, such as endurance, uniformity, and retention. The switching endurance was enhanced by over 2 orders of magnitudes (from <103 to >105). The ZrO2 layer also increased the overall resistance values of the memory cell, making it more suitable than the Al/TiO2/Al structure for high-density applications.
Photon sieve telescope (2006)

In designing next-generation, ultra-large (>20m) apertures for space, many current concepts involve compactable, curved membrane reflectors. Here we present the idea of using a flat diffractive element that requires no out-of-plane deformation and so is much simpler to deploy. The primary is a photon sieve - a diffractive element consisting of a large number of precisely positioned holes distributed according to an underlying Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) geometry. The advantage of the photon sieve over the FZP is that all the regions are connected, so the membrane substrate under simple tension can avoid buckling. Also, the hole distribution can be varied to generate any conic or apodization for specialized telescope requirements such as exo-solar planet detection. We have designed and tested numerous photon sieves as telescope primaries. Some of these have over 10 million holes in a 0.1 m diameter aperture and all of them give diffraction limited imaging. While photon sieves are diffractive elements and thus suffer from dispersion, we will present two successful solutions to this problem.
Pyrrole- and Dihydropyrrole-Fused Neonicotinoids: Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Evaluation (2012)

Versatile pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids were obtained from cyclic and non-cyclic nitroeneamines. Anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) exhibited high catalytic selectivity for the synthesis of the titled etherified compounds at room temperature and the eliminated products under reflux conditions. The target molecules have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral [¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and X-ray] data. All synthesized compounds have been screened for insecticidal activity. The preliminary insecticidal activity results showed that some of the aimed compounds displayed excellent insecticidal activity against cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora).
A DUAL-MODED CAVITY FOR RF BREAKDOWN STUDIES (2010)

The phenomenon of rf breakdown presents a technological limitation in the application of high-gradient particle acceleration in normal conducting rf structures. Attempts to understand the onset of this phenomenon and to study its limits with different materials, cell shapes, and pulse widths has been driven in recent years by linear collider development. One question of interest is the role magnetic field plays relative to electric field. A design is presented for a single, non-accelerating, rf cavity resonant in two modes, which, driven independently, allow the rf magnetic field to be increased on the region of highest electric field without affecting the latter. The design allows for the reuse of the cavity with different samples in the high-field region. Available high-power data will also be presented.
Monitoring and Quantifying the Passive Transport of Molecules Through Patch–Clamp Suspended Real and Model Cell Membranes (2014)

Transport of active molecules across biological membranes is a central issue for the success of many pharmaceutical strategies. Herein, we combine the patch-clamp principle with amperometric detection for monitoring fluxes of redox-tagged molecular species across a suspended membrane patched from a macrophage. Solvent- and protein-free lipid bilayers (DPhPC, DOPC, DOPG) patched from single-wall GUV have been thoroughly investigated and the corresponding fluxes measurements quantified. The quality of the patches and their proper sealing were successfully characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This procedure appears versatile and perfectly adequate to allow the investigation of transport and quantification of the transport properties through direct measurement of the coefficients of partition and diffusion of the compound in the membrane, thus offering insight on such important biological and pharmacological issues.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahedral Triangular 3‐D Framework and Europium Luminescence in the Borate BaBe2(BO3)2. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of short-term feed restriction on temporal changes in milk components and mammary lipogenic gene expression in mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows (2017)

Investigations of the temporal changes in mammary gene expression that occur during sudden diet change have been limited by the use of mammary tissue as the source of RNA because of the invasive nature of mammary biopsy procedures. However, the cytosolic crescent, present in 1% of the largest milk fat globules, contains mammary epithelial cell RNA that has become trapped between the inner and outer milk fat globule membranes during final formation and secretion of milk fat into the lumen of the mammary alveoli. We hypothesized that cytosolic crescent RNA extracted from milk fat could be used as an alternative source of mammary epithelial cell RNA to measure the immediate temporal changes in gene expression as a result of changes in diet. In this experiment, feed restriction was used to mimic the state of negative energy balance observed in early lactation and induce a rapid change in milk fat yield and lipogenic gene expression. Ten multiparous Holstein dairy were fed a basal diet ad libitum during a 14-d preliminary period followed by a 4-d experimental period where 5 cows remained on ad libitum feeding and 5 cows were fed at 60% of their d 8-14 intakes (restricted) on d 15 to 18 and then returned to ad libitum feeding on d 19 to 21. Milk samples were collected from each milking on d 13 to 20 and the milk fat was immediately isolated, mixed with Trizol LS, and stored at -80°C for subsequent extraction of RNA that was used for measurement of gene expression. Feed restriction tended to increase milk fat percentage. However, total milk and milk fat production were reduced by 21 and 18%, respectively. Consistent with increased use of body fat for milk synthesis, serum nonesterified fatty acids increased 6-fold (0.78 mEq/L in the feed restriction vs. 0.13 mEq/L ad libitum group), whereas the milk fatty acids <C16 decreased and ≥C16 increased by 6.5 percentage units. The lipogenic genes ACACA, FASN, and SCD1, and the transcription factor SREBF1were downregulated by 59, 36, 35, and 43%, respectively, during the feed restriction period. In addition, effects of feed restriction by day within period were detected for the genes AGPAT6, GPAM, BTN1A, and SREBF1, suggesting that temporal (day-to-day) changes in gene expression could also be detected. The results of this experiment were consistent with previous feed restriction studies in which researchers used the mammary biopsy technique to study gene expression in the mammary gland. We concluded that RNA isolated from milk fat could be used as an alternative approach to investigate rapid temporal changes in lipogenic gene expression.
A Novel Timing and Frequency Synchronization Scheme for MIMO OFDM System (2007)

This paper proposes a fast and reliable technique for timing and frequency synchronization of multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The synchronization is achieved using one chu sequence-based preamble which is simultaneously transmitted from all transmit antennas in the same OFDM time instant. From analysis, the chu sequence-based preamble gives better detection properties in terms of higher right timing detection probability and accurate fractional frequency synchronization even at a low SNR and in a frequency selective channel. Furthermore, application of the proposed algorithm can obtain the integral frequency offset in time domain.
Ellipsometry characterization of semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Anaerobic Degradation of Normal- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Four or More Carbons to Methane by a Syntrophic Methanogenic Triculture (1994)

Syntrophic degradation of normal- and branched-chain fatty acids with 4 to 9 carbons was investigated with a mesophilic syntrophic isobutyrate-butyrate-degrading triculture consisting of the non-spore-forming, syntrophic, fatty acid-degrading, gram-positive rod-shaped strain IB, Methanobacterium formicicum T1N, and Methanosarcina mazei T18. This triculture converted butyrate and isobutyrate to methane and converted valerate and 2-methylbutyrate to propionate and methane. This triculture also degraded caproate, 4-methylvalerate, heptanoate, 2-methylhexanoate, caprylate, and pelargoate. During the syntrophic conversion of isobutyrate and butyrate, a reversible isomerization between butyrate and isobutyrate occurred; isobutyrate and butyrate were isomerized to the other isomeric form to reach nearly equal concentrations and then their concentrations decreased at the same rates. Butyrate was an intermediate of syntrophic isobutyrate degradation. When butyrate was degraded in the presence of propionate, 2-methylbutyrate was synthesized from propionate and isobutyrate formed from butyrate. During the syntrophic degradation of valerate, isobutyrate, butyrate, and 2-methylbutyrate were formed and then degraded. During syntrophic degradation of 2-methylbutyrate, isobutyrate and butyrate were formed and then degraded.
OSNet: a neural network implementation of order statistic filters (1993)

A dedicated neural network model called OSNet which finds the kth largest element in an array of real numbers is proposed. Its overall processing time is constant irrespective of the number of elements in the array and is four times the processing time of a single neuron. Networks of this kind may be used as building blocks for hardware implementation of order statistic filters. Examples of using OSNet for implementing various order statistic filters and for sorting are shown.