gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allergy in Hong Kong: an unmet need in service provision and training (2015)

Many children in Hong Kong have allergic diseases and epidemiological data support a rising trend. Only a minority of children will grow out of their allergic diseases, so the heavy clinical burden will persist into adulthood. In an otherwise high-quality health care landscape in Hong Kong, allergy services and training are a seriously unmet need. There is one allergy specialist for 1.5 million people, which is low not only compared with international figures, but also compared with most other specialties in Hong Kong. The ratio of paediatric and adult allergists per person is around 1:460 000 and 1:2.8 million, respectively, so there is a severe lack of adult allergists, while the paediatric allergists only spend a fraction of their time working with allergy. There are no allergists and no dedicated allergy services in adult medicine in public hospitals. Laboratory support for allergy and immunology is not comprehensive and there is only one laboratory in the public sector supervised by accredited immunologists. These findings clearly have profound implications for the profession and the community of Hong Kong and should be remedied without delay. Key recommendations are proposed that could help bridge the gaps, including the creation of two new pilot allergy centres in a hub-and-spoke model in the public sector. This could require recruitment of specialists from overseas to develop the process if there are no accredited allergy specialists in Hong Kong who could fulfil this role.
Dual Roles of p300 in Chromatin Assembly and Transcriptional Activation in Cooperation with Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1 In Vitro (2002)

In a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify proteins that bind to the KIX domain of the coactivator p300, we obtained cDNAs encoding nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP-1), a 60-kDa histone H2A-H2B shuttling protein that promotes histone deposition. p300 associates preferentially with the H2A-H2B-bound form of NAP-1 rather than with the unbound form of NAP-1. Formation of NAP-1-p300 complexes was found to increase during S phase, suggesting a potential role for p300 in chromatin assembly. In micrococcal nuclease and supercoiling assays, addition of p300 promoted efficient chromatin assembly in vitro in conjunction with NAP-1 and ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor; this effect was dependent in part on the intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity of p300. Surprisingly, NAP-1 potently inhibited acetylation of core histones by p300, suggesting that efficient assembly requires acetylation of either NAP-1 or p300 itself. As p300 acted cooperatively with NAP-1 in stimulating transcription from a chromatin template in vitro, our results suggest a dual role of NAP-1-p300 complexes in promoting chromatin assembly and transcriptional activation.
Synthesis of Crown Ether-Linked Discotic Triphenylenes (2010)

Novel triphenylene dimers linked by a central crown ether core have been synthesized and characterized. The crown ether is most conveniently formed as a final step to permit purification and isolation of ion-free material, and extension of the protocol permits synthesis of triad structures linked though a 27-crown-9 macrocycle. The latter compounds present a new discotic motif that supports mesophase formation.
Extracellular α Galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.22) fromAspergillus FicuumNRRL 3135 Purification and Characterization (1990)

Extracellular alpha-galactosidase, a glycoprotein from the extracellular culture fluid of Aspergillus ficuum grown on glucose and raffinose in a batch culture system, was purified to homogeneity in five steps by ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 70.8 Kd by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 74.1 Kd by gel permeation HPLC. On the basis of a molecular mass of 70.7 Kd, the molar extinction coefficient of the enzyme at 279 nm was estimated to be 6.1 X10(4) M-1 cm-1. The purified enzyme was remarkably stable at 0 degrees C. It had a broad temperature optimum and maximum catalytic activity was at 60 degrees C. It retained 33% of its activity after 10 min. at 65 degrees C. It had a pH optimum of 6.0. It retained 62% of its activity after 12 hours at pH 2.3. The Kms for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, o-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and m-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside are: 1462, 839 and 718 microM. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by mercury (19.8 microM), silver (21.5 microM), copper (0.48 mM), zinc (0.11 mM), galactose (64.0 mM) and fructose (60.3 mM). It was inhibited non-competitively by glucose (83.2 mM) and uncompetitively by mannose (6.7 mM).
HE4 and CA125 as a diagnostic test in ovarian cancer: prospective validation of the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (2011)

This independent validation study demonstrated similar performance indices to those recently published. However, in this study, HE4 and ROMA did not increase the detection of malignant disease compared with CA125 alone. Although the initial reports were promising, measurement of HE4 serum levels does not contribute to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Two Bavarian Wheat Beers by Means of the Sensomics Approach (2013)

Application of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) on the volatiles isolated from a commercial Bavarian wheat beer (WB A) eliciting its typical aroma profile, best described by a clove-like, phenolic odor quality, revealed 36 odorants in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range from 16 to 4096. Among them, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (clove-like) and 2-phenylethanol (flowery) showed the highest FD factors. AEDA of a second wheat beer (WB B), somewhat lacking the typical wheat beer odor note, revealed 32 odor-active components in the FD factor range from 32 to 8192. Among them, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-β-damascenone (cooked apple-like) and 3-methylbutanol (malty) were detected with the highest FD factors. Next, all odorants evaluated with an FD factor ≥32 were quantitated by stable isotope dilution assays in both beers, and the odor activity values (OAVs; ratio of concentration to odor threshold) were calculated. Thereby, ethanol, (E)-β-damascenone, 3-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl methylpropanoate, and ethyl butanoate showed the highest OAVs in WB A, followed by acetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanol, and dimethyl sulfide. In WB B, ethanol, (E)-β-damascenone, ethyl methylpropanoate, ethyl butanoate, and 3-methylbutyl acetate showed the highest OAVs. Whereas most aroma compounds were present in the same order of magnitude in both beer samples, in particular, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylphenol (smoky, leather-like) were by factors of 13 and 15, respectively, higher in WB A. For the first time, the overall aroma of wheat beer (WB A) was successfully simulated on the basis of 27 reference compounds in their natural concentrations using water/ethanol (95:5; v/v) as the matrix.
The MediaMOO Project (1995)

MediaMOO is a text-based, networked, virtual reality environment designed to enhance professional community among media researchers. MediaMOO officially opened on 20 January 1993 and as of December 1994 has more than 1000 members from 29 countries. An application is required to join, and only those actively engaged in media research are admitted
Distributed Wind Diffusion Model Overview (Presentation) (2014)

Distributed wind market demand is driven by current and future wind price and performance, along with several non-price market factors like financing terms, retail electricity rates and rate structures, future wind incentives, and others. We developed a new distributed wind technology diffusion model for the contiguous United States that combines hourly wind speed data at 200m resolution with high resolution electricity load data for various consumer segments (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial), electricity rates and rate structures for utility service territories, incentive data, and high resolution tree cover. The model first calculates the economics of distributed wind at high spatial resolution for each market segment, and then uses a Bass diffusion framework to estimate the evolution of market demand over time. The model provides a fundamental new tool for characterizing how distributed wind market potential could be impacted by a range of future conditions, such as electricity price escalations, improvements in wind generator performance and installed cost, and new financing structures. This paper describes model methodology and presents sample results for distributed wind market potential in the contiguous U.S. through 2050.
Advances in Internal Plasticization of PVC: Copper-Mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization from PVC Defect Sites To Form Acrylate Graft Copolymers (2021)

Abstract Internally plasticized PVC copolymers were prepared by grafting PVC with butyl acrylate and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate by atom-transfer radical polymerization, resulting in well-behaved polymers with a wide range of glass transition temperatures (–54 °C to 54 °C). When the grafted side chains made up more than 50% of the polymer by weight, the glass transition temperatures were below 0 °C. The covalent attachment of the plasticizing grafts requires one simple procedure starting from commercial PVC, making this strategy an industrially relevant and environmentally friendly alternative to the use of conventional small-molecule plasticizers.
Visualization of plant cell wall lignification using fluorescence‐tagged monolignols (2013)

Lignin is an abundant phenylpropanoid polymer produced by the oxidative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols (monolignols). Lignification, i.e., deposition of lignin, is a defining feature of secondary cell wall formation in vascular plants, and provides an important mechanism for their disease resistance; however, many aspects of the cell wall lignification process remain unclear partly because of a lack of suitable imaging methods to monitor the process in vivo. In this study, a set of monolignol analogs γ-linked to fluorogenic aminocoumarin and nitrobenzofuran dyes were synthesized and tested as imaging probes to visualize the cell wall lignification process in Arabidopsis thaliana and Pinus radiata under various feeding regimens. In particular, we demonstrate that the fluorescence-tagged monolignol analogs can penetrate into live plant tissues and cells, and appear to be metabolically incorporated into lignifying cell walls in a highly specific manner. The localization of the fluorogenic lignins synthesized during the feeding period can be readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and is distinguishable from the other wall components such as polysaccharides as well as the pre-existing lignin that was deposited earlier in development.
11-Dehydrothromboxane B2: a quantitative index of thromboxane A2 formation in the human circulation. (1986)

In human plasma, 11-dehydrothromboxane (TX) B2 is a major long lived metabolite (t1/2 45 min) formed from infused TXB2, the hydration product of biologically active TXA2. Plasma concentrations of TXB2 itself are readily confounded by ex vivo platelet activation and, theoretically, an enzymatic derivative of this compound, not subject to formation in whole blood, would more accurately reflect TXA2 formation in vivo. To address this hypothesis, we developed a sensitive assay for both 11-dehydro-TXB2 and TXB2, using capillary gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. We established that whole blood possesses a minor capacity to form 11-dehydro-TXB2, attributable to nonenzymatic formation in erythrocytes. However, the nonenzymatic formation of 11-dehydro-TXB2 was not a practical limitation to its use as an index of TX biosynthesis. Blood was drawn from healthy volunteers (i) via an indwelling catheter at the time of insertion and at 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 min thereafter and (ii) via separate venipunctures at 0 time and at 90 and 240 min thereafter. Plasma TXB2 drawn via the catheter at baseline (66 +/- 63 pg/ml) was substantially greater than the maximal estimate of endogenous TXB2 (1-2 pg/ml) in plasma [Patrono, C., Ciabattoni, G., Pugliese, F., Perruci, A., Blair, I. A. & FitzGerald, G. A. (1986) J. Clin. Invest. 77, 590-594] and increased in magnitude and variance over time (339 +/- 247 pg/ml at 240 min). By contrast, 11-dehydro-TXB2 did not change significantly in the sequential catheter samples or in the samples drawn by separate venipuncture. Basal plasma concentrations in volunteers were depressed by pretreatment with 325 mg of aspirin. Furthermore, the range of concentrations in patients with severe atherosclerosis in whom urinary 2,3-dinor-TXB2 was increased was significantly higher (5-50 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) than in healthy subjects (0.9-1.8 pg/ml). Concentrations of 11-dehydro-TXB2 were increased in patients who had recently suffered a pulmonary embolism to a greater extent than either the 11-dehydro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-TXB2 or the 2,3-dinor-TXB2 metabolites in plasma. These results indicate that plasma TXB2 is readily confounded by platelet activation ex vivo. Measurement of enzymatic metabolites of TXB2 minimizes this problem. The 11-dehydro metabolite is the most appropriate analytic target to detect phasic release of TXA2 in the human circulation, such as might occur in human syndromes of platelet activation.
Dynamic minimization of word-level decision diagrams (2002)

Word-Level Decision Diagrams (WLDDs), like *BMDs and K*BMDs, have recently been introduced as a data structure for verification. The size of WLDDs largely depends on the chosen variable ordering, i.e. the ordering in which variables are encountered, and on the decompositions carried out in each node. In this paper we present a framework for dynamic minimization of WLDDs. We discuss the difficulties with previous techniques if applied to WLDDs and present a new approach that efficiently adapts both variable ordering and decomposition type choice. Experimental results demonstrate that this method outperforms "classical" reordering with respect to runtime and representation size during dynamic minimization of word-level functions.
A national survey of activated sludge separation problems in the Czech Republic: filaments, floc characteristics and activated sludge metabolic properties (1998)

The extent of activated sludge separation problems associated with excessive growth of filamentous microorganisms has increased recently in the Czech Republic. Most of the activated sludge plants in the country were contacted by mail with a questionnaire, the aim of which was to obtain the basic technological data on the plants and on the nature and intensity of activated sludge separation problems. Selected activated sludge plants were visited at different periods of the year and samples of activated sludge mixed liquor and foam were collected for microscopic examination and kinetic batch tests. It was found that good settling properties were associated more with good quality activated sludge flocs than with the absence of filaments. On the other hand, a very high abundance of filaments always resulted in bulking or foaming. The most common filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge mixed liquors were M. parvicella, N. limicola and Types 0092, 0041 and 0803 while the foams were mostly dominated by M. parvicella, NALOs (GALOs) and N. limicola. Seasonal shifts in filamentous population diversity were also observed. M. parvicella, Type 0092, N. limicola, Type 0803 and Type 0041 were dominant in both conventional and biological nutrient removal activated sludge plants whereas the other Eikelboom's types of filaments dominated mostly in conventional activated sludge plants. The ability of foams to denitrify depended on the dominating filamentous microorganism and type of substrate.
Selectivity filter instability dominates the low intrinsic activity of the TWIK-1 K2P K + Channel (2019)

ABSTRACT Two-pore domain (K2P) K + channels have many important physiological functions. However, the functional properties of the TWIK-1 (K2P1.1/ KCNK1 ) K2P channel remain poorly characterized because heterologous expression of this ion channel yields only very low levels of functional activity. Several underlying reasons have been proposed, including TWIK-1 retention in intracellular organelles, inhibition by post-translational sumoylation, a hydrophobic barrier within the pore, and a low open probability of the selectivity filter (SF) gate. By evaluating these various potential mechanisms, we found that the latter dominates the low intrinsic functional activity of TWIK-1. Investigating the underlying mechanism, we observed that the low activity of the SF gate appears to arise from the inefficiency of K + in stabilizing an active ( i.e. conductive) SF conformation. In contrast, other permeant ion species, such as Rb + , NH 4 + , and Cs + , strongly promoted a pH-dependent activated conformation. Furthermore, many K2P channels are activated by membrane depolarization via a SF-mediated gating mechanism, but we found here that only very strong, non-physiological depolarization produces voltage-dependent activation of heterologously expressed TWIK-1. Remarkably, we also observed that TWIK-1 Rb + currents are potently inhibited by intracellular K + (IC 50 = 2.8 mM). We conclude that TWIK-1 displays unique SF gating properties among the family of K2P channels. In particular, the apparent instability of the conductive conformation of the TWIK-1 SF in the presence of K + appears to dominate the low levels of intrinsic functional activity observed when the channel is expressed at the cell surface.
Science Research Input-output Analysis in Medical Universities (2007)

Objective:To definite the main input factors affecting science research output.Methods:Carried out relativity analysis on science research input-output with linearity aggression.Results:No input factors has lineari- ty relations with prize.The quantity of article was positive relative with quantity of tutor and graduate student in u- niversity.Quantity of patent was relative with quantity of graduate student and research outlay.Conclusion:The study will help the universities to adjust input strategy and improve efficiency.
Modular design and testing for anti-lock brake actuation and control using a scaled vehicle system (2007)

A unique decoupling feature in frictional disk brake mechanisms, derived through kinematic analysis, enables modularised design of an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) into a sliding mode system that specifies reference brake torque and a tracking brake actuator controller. Modelling of brake actuation, vehicle dynamics, and control design are described for a scaled vehicle system. The overall control scheme is evaluated by hardware-in-the loop testing of the electromechanical brake system, and experimental results for two braking scenarios illustrate the benefits of the modular control design scheme and its impact on practical hardware-in-the-loop implementation.
Développement d'outils pour la production de ribozymes efficaces au niveau des plantes (2001)

Le développement de ribozymes actifs in vivo comporte plusieurs étapes limitantes comme la sélection des sites, la livraison de ribozymes efficaces ainsi que la stabilité des ribozymes au niveau cellulaire. Pour la sélection des sites, nous avons procédé avec la méthode conventionnelle d'analyse des structures secondaires par ordinateur de l'ARN messager de la désoxygénase de Solanum chacoense suivi d'essais d'accessibilité par digestion avec la ribonucléase H. De plus, nous avons établi deux autres critères de sélection qui sont la présence de la séquence consensus de reconnaissance du ribozyme hammerhead au niveau des sites cibles (i.e. 5'N[indice inférieur 5] GUC /N[indice inférieur 6]'3) ainsi que la présence de ces derniers au niveau des 200 premiers nucléotides de l'ARNm de la désoxygénase de Solanum chacoense afin d'éviter la production de protéines tronquées présentant une activité. Une fois les sites sélectionnés, nous avons développé une cassette cis-trans-cis permettant la libération efficace de ribozymes trans exempts de séquences supplémentaires en 5 ' et en 3 ' pouvant interférer avec l'activité du ribozyme."--Résumé abrégé par UMI
An Enhanced Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Nonhuman Primates Using an Endovascular Trapping Technique (2015)

We report a trapping modification to an established endovascular suture stroke model that yielded reproducible ischemia and clinically quantifiable neurologic deficits with no strokes in nontarget areas. This technique may be useful in evaluating translational stroke and penumbral imaging research in addition to preclinical testing of neuroprotective therapies.
Experimental Study on the Oxidation of Model Gases - Propylene, N-Butane, Acetylene at Ambient Temperature by Non-Thermal Plasma and Photocatalyst (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two features to facilitate chemical reactions at low temperature, non-thermal plasma and the weak dependency of photocatalyst on temperature, have been exploited by many researchers to effectively decompose hydrocarbon emissions emitted until the light-off of a three-way catalyst in spark ignition engines. To develop a realizable emissions reduction reactor, as part of such effort, this study investigates for the three model gases, propylene, n-butane and acetylene: 1) the conversion efficiency of the emissions reduction reactor, which utilizes the effect of dissociation, ionization-by-collision of the non-thermal plasma and the photocatalytic effect of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and 2) the concentrations of the products such as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, polymerized hydrocarbons and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The operating parameters to obtain the plasma energy density ranging from 7.8 to 908 J/L were varied. When it comes to the plasma system, propylene, chemically the most active, showed the highest conversion efficiency in proportion to the energy density applied to the plasma system. The other two model gases showed relatively low but substantial conversion efficiency for the energy density above 190 J/L. Among photo-catalytic candidates, TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; supported on alumina processed by sol-gel technique was found to be most effective. The resulting conversion efficiency of Total HC reached up to 71% for the reference condition of 2117ppmC1 at 302 J/L&lt;/div&gt;
Fully Automated Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis System for High-Throughput Protein Analysis (2009)

A fully automated two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) system for rapid and reproducible protein analysis is described. 2DE that is a combination of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is widely used for protein expression analysis. Here, all the operations are achieved in a shorter time and all the transferring procedures are performed automatically. The system completed the entire process within 1.5 h. A device configuration, operational procedure, and data analysis are described using this system.