gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α-Lactalbumin Forms with Oleic Acid a High Molecular Weight Complex Displaying Cytotoxic Activity (2010)

α-Lactalbumin (LA) forms with oleic acid (OA) a complex which has been reported to induce the selective death of tumor cells. However, the mechanism by which this complex kills a wide range of tumor cell lines is as yet largely unknown. The difficulty in rationalizing the cytotoxic effects of the LA/OA complex can be due to the fact that the molecular aspects of the interaction between the protein and the fatty acid are still poorly understood, in particular regarding the oligomeric state of the protein and the actual molar ratio of OA over protein in the complex. Here, the effect of LA addition to an OA aqueous solution has been examined by dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Upon protein addition, the aggregation state of the rather insoluble OA is dramatically changed, and more water-soluble and smaller aggregates of the fatty acid are formed. A mixture of LA and an excess of OA forms a high molecular weight complex that can be isolated by size-exclusion chromatography and that displays cellular toxicity toward Jurkat cells. On the basis of gel filtration data, cross-linking experiments with glutaraldehyde, and OA titration, we evaluated that the isolated LA/OA complex is given by 4-5 protein molecules that bind 68-85 OA molecules. The protein in the complex adopts a molten globule-like conformation, and it interacts with the fatty acid mostly through its α-helical domain, as indicated by circular dichroism measurements and limited proteolysis experiments. Overall, we interpret our and previous data as indicating that the cellular toxicity of a LA/OA complex is due to the effect of a protein moiety in significantly enhancing the water solubility of the cytotoxic OA and, therefore, that the protein/OA complex can serve mainly as a carrier of the toxic fatty acid in a physiological milieu.
Aggregation of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (2017)

Atomically precise chevron graphene nanoribbons can form bulk π–π stacked aggregates as well as few-μm-long one-dimensional structures on surfaces that could be used for electronic device fabrication.
Wikipedia and Westminster (2020)

Wikipedia is a major source of information providing a large variety of content online, trusted by readers from around the world. Readers go to Wikipedia to get reliable information about different subjects, one of the most popular being living people, and especially politicians. While a lot is known about the general usage and information consumption on Wikipedia, less is known about the life-cycle and quality of Wikipedia articles in the context of politics. The aim of this study is to quantify and qualify content production and consumption for articles about politicians, with a specific focus on UK Members of Parliament (MPs).
Sin as Uncleanness (1991)

Sin was a rare topic during the first twenty of the last thirty years of analytic philosophy of religion. That it came up at all was due to the popularity of Free Will approaches to the problem of evil, which fix on traditional doctrines of the Fall and assert their logical possibility or truth as the explanation of evil's origin and/or Divine permission of it. Such Free Will approaches envision an original position in which incompatibilist free creatures are competent choosers placed in a utopian environment: that is, they have enough cognitive and emotional maturity to grasp and accurately apply relevant normative principles, while (on the occasion of choice) their exercise of these abilities is unfettered by unruly passions or external determinants of any kind. The possibility envisioned is that such creatures should choose contrary to their normative judgments, thereby introducing evil into the world. Even so, Free-Will-Defending philosophers such as Alvin Plantingal have chosen not to speak of sin, but of moral agency and responsibility, of moral goodness or turpitude. And this preference is of a piece with the widespread but unspoken agreement to discuss both the concept of God and the problem of evil within the parameters of religion neutral valuetheory.2 Little wonder if the relation between the concepts of sin and immorality should seem puzzling now!3 One obvious way to connect them starts with a religion-neutral view of human beings and the norms pertaining to them, and then
Decentralized Broadcast Encryption Schemes with Constant Size Ciphertext and Fast Decryption (2020)

Broadcast encryption ( BE ) allows a sender to encrypt a message to an arbitrary target set of legitimate users and to prevent non-legitimate users from recovering the broadcast information. BE has numerous practical applications such as satellite geolocation systems, file sharing systems, pay-TV systems, e-Health, social networks, cloud storage systems, etc. This paper presents two new decentralized BE schemes. Decentralization means that there is no single authority responsible for generating secret cryptographic keys for system users. Therefore, the scheme eliminates the concern of having a single point of failure as the central authority could be attacked, become malicious, or become unavailable. Recent attacks have shown that the centralized approach could lead to system malfunctioning or to leaking sensitive information. Another achievement of the proposed BE schemes is their performance characteristics that make them suitable for environments with light-weight clients, such as in Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The proposed approach improves the performance over existing decentralized BE schemes by simultaneously achieving constant size ciphertext, constant size secret key and fast decryption.
Comparison of geometrical and diffraction imaging in the space and frequency domains (2016)

The geometrical and diffraction point-spread functions of an optical imaging system have been reviewed and compared in the past [Proc. SPIE3729, 434 (1999)PSISDG0277-786X10.1117/12.346821]. In this paper, we review and compare corresponding optical transfer functions. While the truth lies with the diffraction optical-transfer functions (OTF), it is considered easier and quicker to calculate the geometrical OTF, especially for large aberrations. We describe the theory of the two OTFs and explore the range of spatial frequencies and the magnitude of the primary aberrations over which the geometrical OTF may provide a reasonable approximation of the diffraction OTF. Moreover, balancing of spherical aberration with defocus for optimum diffraction OTF is studied as a function of both the aberration value as well as the spatial frequency. How to gauge the progress of an optical design in the frequency domain based on the geometrical OTF is outlined as the ray spot size is used in the space domain.
Investigation of the geometrical depth of focus of focal spots obtained by scattering lenses operating in the transversal and lateral direction (2015)

Investigation of the geometrical depth of focus of focal spots obtained by scattering lenses operating in the transversal and lateral direction
Hosing and Sloshing of Short-Pulse GeV-Class Wakefield Drivers (2002)

This Letter examines the electron-hosing instability in relation to the drivers of current and future plasma-wakefield experiments using fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation models. The simulation results are compared to numerical solutions and to asymptotic solutions of the idealized analytic equations. The measured growth rates do not agree with the existing theory and the behavior is shown to depend sensitively on beam length, shape, and charge. We find that even when severe hosing occurs the wake can remain relatively stable.
Training Evaluation in ICT Competencies for Career Guidance Counsellors: An Innovative Experience (2012)

The initial and continuing training of guidance career counselors should be characterized by a permanent professional development in carrying out new roles and skills for continuous improvement and innovation of guidance action. The main stages in the continuous development of guidance professionals are the diagnostic evaluation of their training needs: (1) defining objectives and core and essential competences, especially in their professional practice; (2) design and implementation of an appropriate training plan; and (3) assessment of skills acquired based on criteria and indicators and use of tools and resources for the respective assessment. At present, the professional profile of the guidance career counselors requires new skills, especially in the field of ICT (information and communication technologies), which must be integrated with guidance skills, articulating them on a map of skills needed in the training curriculum of these counselors and in their subsequent professional action. As an example of innovative learning experience in this field, the authors present the design of a program concerned with the guidance career professionals’ development with 100 hours of time, which contains the objectives, contents, training methodology, teaching resources, and especially, the assessment process of it. As assessment resources, a continuous estimate was used through personal and group tasks by the use of the e-mail and Website, specially. In addition, an assessment questionnaire for the quality of the program was applied following a series of variables such as: gender, age, profile and professional role, course organization, training methodology, users’ satisfaction, etc.. The high average of 8.9 points out of 10 in terms of overall satisfaction of participants in the program is highlighted. The reliability obtained from the instrument applied by the Cronbach’s model was 0.91, which shows a high internal consistency.
Long-Term Culture of Japanese Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Feeder-Free Conditions (2008)

Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have great promise for research into human developmental biology, development of cell therapies for the treatment of diseases, toxicology, and drug discovery. Traditionally, undifferentiated hESCs are maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which impede the clinical applications of hESCs. Here we have examined the long-term stability of the Japanese hESC line (KhES-1) in feeder-free culture. KhES-1 cells were cultured with MEF conditioned medium (CM) and different doses of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in six-well-plates of which the surface was coated with Matrigel. KhES-1 cells were maintained for at least 40 passages. In this culture system, the cells maintained stable proliferation rates and steadily expressed Oct-4, Nanog, and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, KhES-1 cells maintained without direct feeder contact formed embryonic bodies with expression of markers from the three germ layers. Here we demonstrated that Japanese human embryonic stem cells KhES-1 were cultured long term in a feeder-free method, while retaining pluripotency in vitro.
Active Path Tracking - A New Analysis Tool for Vehicle Noise (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effective identification and control of powertrain structure borne harmonic noise is a key to achieve a desired noise quality profile in a vehicle. Much work is being done in this field to refine and develop sound engineering techniques suitable for application at each stage of a vehicle development programme.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For prototype development and trouble shooting, transfer path analysis and source identification techniques are in use today with varying degrees of success and application complexity. Investigation tools which are fast, do not require extensive vehicle dismantling and yet provide reliable answers, will be of value to the NVH and sound quality engineer.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new Active Path Tracking method is described which is relatively quick and offers practical confirmation of the influence of identified paths. The method involves the novel adaptation of Active Noise Cancellation techniques to the task of source identification. Powertrain mount input forces are derived and their relative importance ranked based upon their ability to recreate the operational sound field under investigation.&lt;/div&gt;
Search for sub-eV axion-like resonance states via stimulated quasi-parallel laser collisions with the parameterization including fully asymmetric collisional geometry (2021)

A bstract We have searched for axion-like resonance states by colliding optical photons in a focused laser field (creation beam) by adding another laser field (inducing beam) for stimulation of the resonance decays, where frequency-converted signal photons can be created as a result of stimulated photon-photon scattering via exchanges of axion-like resonances. A quasi-parallel collision system (QPS) in such a focused field allows access to the sub-eV mass range of resonance particles. In past searches in QPS, for simplicity, we interpreted the scattering rate based on an analytically calculable symmetric collision geometry in both incident angles and incident energies by partially implementing the asymmetric nature to meet the actual experimental conditions. In this paper, we present new search results based on a complete parameterization including fully asymmetric collisional geometries. In particular, we combined a linearly polarized creation laser and a circularly polarized inducing laser to match the new parameterization. A 0.10 mJ/31 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse and a 0.20 mJ/9 ns Nd:YAG laser pulse were spatiotemporally synchronized by sharing a common optical axis and focused into the vacuum system. Under a condition in which atomic background processes were completely negligible, no significant scattering signal was observed at the vacuum pressure of 2 . 6 × 10 − 5 Pa, thereby providing upper bounds on the coupling-mass relation by assuming exchanges of scalar and pseudoscalar fields at a 95% confidence level in the sub-eV mass range.
Development of Ka-range magnetron for portable radar (2010)

An experimental prototype of a pulse magnetron has been developed, having the output power of 2.5 kW at a frequency of 35 GHz with the operation voltage of 6.5 kV. The interaction space of the magnetron has been extended due to the properly selected operation mode — it works at the first negative spatial harmonics. The magnetron's structural scheme includes the main secondary-emission cold cathode and an additional side thermoemission cathode. This design provides for a substantial prolongation of magnetron's service life, while the pulse duration and the duty factor increase.
Genuine Redox Isomerism in a Rare‐Earth‐Metal Complex (2012)

Redoxisomerie wurde erstmals für einen Lanthanoidkomplex beobachtet. Bei Temperatursenkung geht ein Elektron in [{(dpp-bian)Yb(μ-Cl)(dme)}2] (1) vom Metallzentrum auf den Liganden über (siehe Bild), was zu einer deutlichen Verkürzung der Yb-N-Bindungen und zum Auftreten eines hysteretischen Sprungs des magnetischen Moments führt. Die Kristallpackung ist dabei von entscheidender Bedeutung, weil zwei andere kristalline Modifikationen von 1 diesen Effekt nicht aufweisen.
Modeling the utilization of starch by activated sludge for simultaneous substrate storage and microbial growth (2006)

This paper presents a mechanistic model incorporating microbial growth on external substrate with simultaneous formation of storage biopolymers (activated sludge model for growth and storage-ASMGS) for the utilization of starch by activated sludge. Model description and calibration utilized experimental data of an SBR fed with particulate native potato starch (NPS) and soluble starch (SolS) selected as model substrates. The fate of starch was monitored in a cycle together with glycogen and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) profiles. In the experiments, glycogen formation was significantly lower than predicted by total conversion of starch to glycogen, justifying the need to account for primary growth on starch. The proposed model basically modified Activated Sludge Model No.3 (ASM3), to include adsorption of starch, its hydrolysis and simultaneous growth and glycogen formation using the hydrolysis products, which was mainly maltose. Model simulations indicated hydrolysis of the adsorbed starch as the rate limiting process. The proposed model calibrated well the fate of all major model components, namely, starch, glycogen, and OUR. Particulate NPS and SolS were hydrolyzed with similar rates; however, primary and secondary growth processes on SolS were more efficient, with higher yields, due to the more easily utilizable products of SolS, both in terms of extracellular hydrolysis and of stored poly-glucose. Modeling with ASM3, assuming starch as either readily or slowly biodegradable, did not provide an equally acceptable fit for the glycogen and OUR curves; supporting the need to consider primary growth together with storage as defined in the proposed model.
Resistance to staining, flexural strength, and chemical solubility of core porcelains for all-ceramic crowns. (2001)

IPS Empress showed the least resistance to staining. IPS Empress had the lowest flexural strength, while Procera had the highest. In-Ceram demonstrated the highest chemical solubility.
Increased penile expression of transforming growth factor and elevated systemic oxidative stress in rabbits with chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction (2011)

There is a growing body of evidence to support the direct link between obstructive bladder dysfunction and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, there have been few pathophysiological studies to determine the relationship between lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) and ED. As the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) that induces the synthesis of collagen in the penile tissues is critical for the development of ED, the first aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF-β1 in the penis from male rabbits with chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). Besides, it has been suggested that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanism of ED. Thus, the second aim of this study was to further investigate whether the urinary or serum oxidative stress markers are involved in chronic PBOO-induced penile dysfunction. A total of 16 male New Zealand White rabbits were separated equally into four groups: a control group and PBOO groups obstructed for 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Using the RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, a progressive increase of TGF-β1 in penis was found at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after obstruction. Moreover, the biomarkers for oxidative stress or oxidative damage were significantly detected in the penis of rabbits after PBOO, which include the enhancement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine and plasma, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as reduction of glutathione (GSH). On the basis of our results, the increase of TGF-β1 and elevated systemic oxidative stress may play key roles to contribute to penile dysfunction after chronic PBOO.
Older Adults in an Aging Society and Social Computing: A Research Agenda (2010)

The expansion of the social computing environment as a new basis for socioeconomic activities could enhance the quality of life of older adults, but also it could make the problem of digital divide more serious. In this study, the research directions and agenda of social computing for an aging society are presented, which have two major directions: basic study and applied study. Regarding human aspects in social computing mainly dealt with in the basic study, existing research and related theories on cognitive characteristics, information usage patterns, and social network site use of older adults were examined. In the applied study, a study about the most effective contents application and interfaces through user needs analysis, usage context analysis, prototype design, and so on, was conducted. Those studies are discussed to develop applications on a PC platform, mobile platform, and IPTV platform targeting the older adults population.
Micromolding-based encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells in alginate for intraarticular injection in osteoarthritis (2023)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease that affects cartilage, subchondral bone, and joint tissues. Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are a promising therapeutic option for OA due to their ability to release anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and pro-regenerative factors. They can be embedded in hydrogels to prevent their tissue engraftment and subsequent differentiation. In this study, human adipose stromal cells are successfully encapsulated in alginate microgels via a micromolding method. Microencapsulated cells retain their in vitro metabolic activity and bioactivity and can sense and respond to inflammatory stimuli, including synovial fluids from OA patients. After intra-articular injection in a rabbit model of post-traumatic OA, a single dose of microencapsulated human cells exhibit properties matching those of non-encapsulated cells. At 6 and 12 weeks post-injection, we evidenced a tendency toward a decreased OA severity, an increased expression of aggrecan, and a reduced expression of aggrecanase-generated catabolic neoepitope. Thus, these findings establish the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injecting cells encapsulated in microgels, opening the door to a long-term follow-up in canine OA patients.
Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in infants with congenital heart disease (1989)

Premortem diagnosis of the DiGeorge syndrome and its partial variants relies on the demonstration of a primary defect in cell-mediated immunity, generally in the setting of an infant with congenital heart disease, hypocalcemia, absence of a thymic shadow, and typical dysmorphic features. Although T-cell enumeration is considered a vital part of the diagnostic evaluation, no studies to date have addressed the issue of appropriate reference data in infants with congenital heart disease. We therefore undertook a prospective descriptive study of lymphocyte phenotype analysis in 27 nontransfused infants undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Striking differences were seen between patients and adult controls in means percentages and numbers of most lymphocyte subsets analyzed. Few differences were found in comparing the patient data to values for age-matched control infants without heart disease. The data are discussed with reference to published values for patients with partial DiGeorge syndrome. It is concluded that lymphocyte phenotype analysis in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected DiGeorge syndrome must utilize appropriate reference values.
The von Kármán Sodium experiment: Turbulent dynamical dynamos (2009)

The von Kármán Sodium (VKS) experiment studies dynamo action in the flow generated inside a cylinder filled with liquid sodium by the rotation of coaxial impellers (the von Kármán geometry). We first report observations related to the self-generation of a stationary dynamo when the flow forcing is Rπ-symmetric, i.e., when the impellers rotate in opposite directions at equal angular velocities. The bifurcation is found to be supercritical with a neutral mode whose geometry is predominantly axisymmetric. We then report the different dynamical dynamo regimes observed when the flow forcing is not symmetric, including magnetic field reversals. We finally show that these dynamics display characteristic features of low dimensional dynamical systems despite the high degree of turbulence in the flow.
Conformationally switchable non-cyclic tetrapyrrole receptors: synthesis of tetrakis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) derivatives and their anion binding properties (2014)

A series of tetrakis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) receptors (2, 4, and 6) were synthesized in two steps from commercially available starting materials. The anion binding properties of these receptors can be tuned through electronic switching to stabilize a conformation displaying high affinity for the dihydrogenphosphate and pyrophosphate anions (as the tetrabutylammonium salts) in chloroform.