gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact analysis of k-connectivity in secure sensor networks with unreliable links (2015)

The Eschenauer-Gligor (EG) random key predistri-bution scheme has been widely recognized as a typical approach to secure communications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, there is a lack of precise probability analysis on the reliable connectivity of WSNs under the EG scheme. To address this, we rigorously derive the asymptotically exact probability of k-connectivity in WSNs employing the EG scheme with unreliable links represented by independent on/off channels, where k-connectivity ensures that the network remains connected despite the failure of any (k-1) sensors or links. Our analytical results are confirmed via numerical experiments, and they provide precise guidelines for the design of secure WSNs that exhibit a desired level of reliability against node and link failures.
Chemically Induced Aberrations of Mitosis in Bacteria (1955)

SUMMARY: Bacillus megaterium was studied cytologically during exposure to a number of toxic agents, including known mitotic inhibitors. Many antibiotics and sodium p-aminosalicylate at inhibitory concentrations induced an increase in the size and optical density of the stained nuclei, and a preponderance of configurations resembling metaphase and anaphase stages. Continued chromosome reduplication results in the establishment of a transient polyploidy. Isoniazid and benzimidazole bring about a decrease in the amount of stainable material in the nucleus. Penicillin and bacitracin produce no obvious changes in the nuclear pattern in this organism. The significance of the aberrations observed is discussed. Further support for the similarity of bacterial nuclei to the nuclei of higher organisms is provided.
Emission mechanism and bias-dependent emission efficiency of photons induced by drain avalanche in Si MOSFET's (1985)

Emission mechanism of photons induced by the drain avalanche in Si MOSFET's is discussed by analyzing the emission efficiency (defined by the ratio of the generated photon number to the avalanche-induced carrier number) dependences upon gate and drain voltages, which are found by both photomultiplier measurements and electrical measurements. The dependences are analyzed by using two-dimensional process-device simulator from the point of view of the bias dependences of lateral (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</inf> ) and vertical (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</inf> ) electric fields in the channel near the drain. From the analysis, it is found that the bias dependences of emission efficiency can be explained by considering two-dimensional coexistance change of the avalanche-induced electrons and holes. It is concluded that the emission mechanism is the recombination of the avalanche-induced electrons and holes.
Effect of H2 on the etch profile of InP/InGaAsP alloys in Cl2/Ar/H2 inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching chemistries for photonic device fabrication (2002)

This study demonstrates etch profile engineering of InP, In1−xGaxAs1−yPy, and In0.53Ga0.47As heterostructures results from adding H2 to standard Cl2/Ar inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching chemistries. Etch rate curves of bulk InP, In1−xGaxAs1−yPy, and In0.53Ga0.47As show a general parabolic trend as a function of the H2 component of the Cl2/Ar/H2 ratio. Three distinct etching profiles of InP/InGaAsP layers were realized by varying the Cl2/Ar/H2 ratio. Highly anisotropic profiles result for Cl2/Ar/H2 ratios between 2/3/1 and 2/3/2. Waveguiding structures fabricated using this technology are presented with a loss as low as 2 dB/cm. An InP racetrack resonator with a quality factor (Q)&amp;gt;8000 is also presented.
Quality enhancement of sinusoidal transform vocoders (1998)

The authors present quality enhancement of sinusoidal transform coders (STCs) via the development of parametric models. The benefits of the Bark spectrum are explored for use in the design of perceptual coding of the sine-wave amplitudes. According to the results, the proposed approach provides a uniform perceptual fit across the spectrum. To enhance the accuracy of phase representation, noncausal all-pole modelling of the vocal system is also discussed. Experimental results indicate that the use of the developed new parametric models allows the STC to improve the phase accuracy as well as the synthetic speech quality.
Water Soluble Polymers (2018)

This book on water soluble polymers (WSP) contains contributions that deal with this extremely popular area of scientific investigation in polymer science and engineering, both in academic and industrial environments. The book contents cover a wide variety of topics, starting from polymerization kinetics (emphasis on multicomponent systems), clarification of factor effects (for example, ionic strength, pH, monomer concentration, and how they influence important chain characteristics and properties), mathematical modelling, parameter estimation, and process design, and ending with applications (i.e., using the well characterized polymer molecules to deliver specific desirable properties for specific applications (hydrogels, cosmetics, drug release, flocculation, nanotechnology, enhanced oil recovery, polymer flooding, absorbents, crosslinking, and many others)). This book contains 17 very high quality contributions from author groups that span the globe and represent currently active researchers in the WSP area.
Effect of Cigarette Packaging Sealing on Cigarette Moisture Content (2018)

The moisture content of cigarette tobacco directly affects the smoking quality and storage period of cigarettes. The influence of the sealing property of cigarette packets on the moisture of the cigarette was studied, and a solution to improve the sealing property of the small package was provided. At the same time, the standard boundary for judging the packaging tightness of cigarette packets is calculated. Under different temperature and humidity environment, the air flow rate of the same packing box is higher than that of the 30-40mL/min interval. Improvement measures were applied to determine the packing seal value index of soft package cigarettes under certain conditions
Dual Band Electrochromic Devices Based on Nb-Doped TiO2 Nanocrystalline Electrodes (2017)

The reliable exploitation of localized surface plasmon resonance in transparent conductive oxides is being pursued to push the developement of an emerging class of advanced dynamic windows, which offer the opportunity to selectively and dynamically control the intensity of the incoming thermal radiation without affecting visible transparency. In this view, Nb-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> colloidal nanocrystals are particularly promising, as they have a wide band gap and their plasmonic features can be finely tailored across the near-infrared region by varying the concentration of dopants. Four batches of Nb-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals with different doping levels (from 0% to 15% of niobium content) have been used here to prepare highly transparent mesoporous electrodes for near-infrared selective electrochromic devices, capable of dynamically modulating the intensity of the transmitted radiation upon the application of a relatively small bias voltage. An engineered dual band electrochromic device (made of 10%-Nb-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals) has been eventually fabricated. It was shown to provide two complementary spectroelectrochemical responses, which can be independently controlled through the intensity of the applied potential: a large variation of the optical transmittance in the near-infrared region (by the intensification of the localized surface plasmon scattering) was achievable in the 0-3 V voltage window, reaching values greater than 64% in the spectral range from 800 to 2000 nm, whereas the visible absorption could also be intensively varied at higher potentials (from 3 to 4 V), driven by Li intercalation into the TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase lattice.
Synthesis of coatings with hardness exceeding 40 GPa by magnetron sputtering (1997)

Single- and dual-cathode DC magnetron sputtering was used to produce TiB 2 coatings and CN x /ZrN multilayers, respectively, with hardness exceeding 40 GPa. The composition, structure, topography, and mechanical properties were determined by various techniques, including Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and nanoindentation. An optimum combination of the sputtering pressure and substrate bias results in the production of ultrasmooth TiB 2 coatings with hardness up to 50 GPa and excellent wetting properties. The rationale for studying the CN x /ZrN system is that ZrN(111) provides excellent lattice match to the hypothetical β-C 3 N 4 (0001) face (β-C 3 N 4 was predicted to have mechanical properties comparable to diamond). Using a dual-cathode sputtering system, we produced crystalline multilayers of CN x /ZrN with bilayer thickness of 1-2 nm. Using various combinations of nitrogen partial pressure, target powers, and substrate bias, we found that the hardness of these coatings correlates very strongly with the occurrence of (111) texture of ZrN, consistent with the lattice-match strategy. Even with a ZrN volume fraction of 70 percent, such multilayer coatings have been synthesized with hardness in the 50 GPa regime.
Computational intelligence PC tools (1996)

Computational intelligence is an emerging field in computer science which combines fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms for a flexible yet powerful approach to scientific computing. Because computational intelligence combines three interrelated, mathematically-based tools, it has a wide variety of applications, from engineering and process control to experts systems. This book takes a hands-on, desktop-applications approach to the topic, featuring examples of specific real-world implementations and detailed case studies, with all pertinent code and software included on a floppy disk packaged with the book. Features: * Concise introduction to the concepts of fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms, and how they relate to one another within the context of computational intelligence. * Computational intellignece applications, including self-organizing feature maps, fuzzy calculator, evolutionary programming, and fuzzy neural networks. * Detailed case studies from engineering (F-16 flight system), systems control (mass transit scheduling), and medicine (appendicitis diagnosis). * Windows floppy disk with both source code and executable, self-contained programs for desktop implementation of all of the book's applications.
Synthesis of meso-Arylsulfanyl- and Alkylsulfanyl-Substituted Porphyrins via Palladium-Mediated C−S Bond Formation (2004)

A family of new meso-arylsulfanyl- and alkylsulfanyl-substituted porphyrins were efficiently synthesized from direct reactions of meso-brominated porphyrins with thiols via palladium-mediated C-S bond formation. The catalytic method can be performed under mild conditions with both mono- and bis-substituted meso-bromoporphyrins as well as their zinc complexes and is suitable for different types of thiols. With the use of selenols, meso-seleno-substituted porphyrins can also be prepared similarly.
Design and optimization of a smart meter to meet the growing needs of energy in Morocco (2016)

The current energy policy recommends the subject of energy efficiency as a master question for the prospective years. The establishment of “smart meters” to measure remotely and in real time consumption is usually suggested as a solution for decreasing power consumption. The goal of this analysis is to distinguish the various services of new generations of smart meters emphasizing advantages that will make the implementation of the first models in Morocco.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome-Wide Profiling of CpG Methylation Identifies Novel Targets of Aberrant Hypermethylation in Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome-Wide Profiling of CpG Methylation Identifies Novel Targets of Aberrant Hypermethylation in Myeloid Leukemia
Physico-Chemical Studies on Dyeing Process. I. Theory of Dyeing Equilibrium and Half Dyeing Time of Direct Cotton Dyes on Viscose Rayon (1956)

Abstract The theory of dyeing equilibrium is treated generally. On the way of derivation, it is emphasized that the Donnan’s equation, f_+f_-[Na][Cl]=f_+^φf_-^φ[Naφ][Clφ] is correct only when Na+ and Cl− have no affinity to the fibre. An equation expressing dyeing equilibrium is obtained for finite liquid yarn ratio, and compared to the equation by Vickerstaff for infinite liquid yarn ratio. Moreover, data for both finite and infinite liquid yarn ratio could be plotted on the same straight line according to the newly derved equation. The deviation of the incilination of the straight line from the theoretical value is attributed to the deviation of the activity coefficient from unity. The latter was assumed as analogous to that of soap, and a reasonable conclusion could be obtained. On the theory of dyeing rate, all data from widely different dyeing conditions are brought into a simple relation (Remark: Graphics omitted.) using the half dyeing time T proposed by Boulton. This equation was justified theoretically, and it was show that Hill’s complicated equation is replaced by this simple equation, without loss of accuracy, as far as x⁄x∞≤0.7. Then, Boulton’s relation, that the half dyeing time becomes longer when the equilibrium exhaustion ratio is smaller, is justified theoretically. The apparent diffusion coefficient in fibre agrees with that of Hanson and Neale.
A Robust Basis for Multi‐Bit Optical Communication with Vectorial Light (2023)

Abstract Increasing the information capacity of communication channels is a pressing need, driven by growing data demands and the consequent impending data crunch with existing modulation schemes. In this regard, mode division multiplexing (MDM), where spatial modes of light form the encoding basis, has enormous potential but is impeded by noise due to imperfect channels. Here, this challenge is overcome by breaking the existing MDM paradigm of using the modes themselves as a discrete basis and instead exploiting the polarization inhomogeneity (vectorness) of vectorial light as the information carrier. It is shown that this vectorness communication basis is completely impervious to channel noise, which is verified by near perfect data fidelity maintained in multi‐bit information transfer through atmospheric turbulence, with negligible changes on the order of 1%. This allows for demonstration of a new state‐of‐the‐art of 50 vectorial modes in a communications channel with little cross‐talk. This approach replaces conventional amplitude modulation with a novel modal alternative for potentially orders of magnitude channel information enhancement, offering a new paradigm to exploiting the spatial mode basis for optical communication.
Pathology ofClostridium perfringensType C Enterotoxemia in Horses (2011)

Clostridium perfringens type C is an important cause of enteritis and enterocolitis in foals and occasionally in adult horses. The disease is a classic enterotoxemia, and the enteric lesions and systemic effects are caused primarily by beta toxin, 1 of 2 major toxins produced by C. perfringens type C. Until now, only sporadic cases of C. perfringens type C equine enterotoxemia have been reported. We present a comprehensive description of the lesions in 8 confirmed cases of type C enterotoxemia in foals and adult horses. Grossly, multifocal to segmental hemorrhage and thickening of the intestinal wall were most common in the small intestine, although the colon and cecum were also frequently affected. All horses had variable amounts of fluid, often hemorrhagic intestinal contents. The most characteristic microscopic lesion was necrotizing or necrohemorrhagic enteritis, with mucosal and/or submucosal thrombosis. Numerous gram-positive rods were occasionally seen in affected mucosa. A definitive diagnosis of C. perfringens type C enterotoxemia in all 8 cases was based on the clinical history, gross and histologic lesions, and detection of the beta toxin in intestinal contents.
Breath Alcohol Elimination Rate and Widmark Factor Derived from Breath Alcohol Concentration in Chinese and Indians in Singapore (2012)

ALDH2 and/or ADH1B genotypes in males, but not in females, appear to contribute, albeit modestly, to variability in AER and r(peak BrAC). The median AER in Chinese males, Indian males, Chinese females and Indian females is 6.6 μg dl(-1) h(-1) [99% confidence interval (CI), 5.6-7.5 μg dl(-1) h(-1)], 6.2 μg dl(-1) h(-1) (99% CI, 5.5-7.0 μg dl(-1) h(-1)), 8.6 μg dl(-1) h(-1) (99% CI, 7.4-9.7 μg dl(-1) h(-1)) and 7.4 μg dl(-1 )h(-1) (99% CI, 6.2-8.4 μg dl(-1) h(-1)), respectively. The median r(peak BrAC) in Chinese males, Indian males, Chinese females and Indian females is 0.0229 (99% CI, 0.0216-0.0268), 0.0209 (99% CI, 0.0190-0.0237), 0.0214 (99% CI, 0.0185-0.0254) and 0.0199 (99% CI, 0.0187-0.0227), respectively.
Thermomechanical, Time-Dependent Analysis of Layered Metal Matrix Composites (1990)

The orthotropic, thermal viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (TVBO) is specialized for plane stress in a simple laminate theory. It maintains the same geometric assumptions as the classical laminate theory except that the orthotropic linear elasticity law is replaced by TVBO. In this way, rate sensitivity, creep, and relaxation can be modeled without the use of a yield surface and loading/unloading conditions. The laminate theory is intended for thermal analysis of metal matrix composites operating at high temperature under simultaneous mechanical and thermal loadings. The rate-dependent laminate behavior is described by a set of coupled, first order, nonlinear differential equations that must be numerically integrated for a given mechanical and thermal history to yield the laminate and ply stresses as well as the laminate total strain as a function of time. To describe the behavior, the elastic constants and the coefficients of thermal expansion need to be known in addition to two material functions and six constants that describe the inelastic deformation behavior. Two metal matrix composites, MMC1 and MMC2, are constructed theoretically. For MMC1, the strength in the fiber and the transverse directions decrease with temperature. The strength in the transverse direction of MMC2, patterned after Ni3Al/Al2O3, increases with temperature before it decreases and the strength in the fiber direction is nearly constant. First, the ply behavior is simulated by off-axis m-phase and out-of-phase thermomechanical numerical tests. Then the behavior of a [±45]s laminate under a temperature excursion is computed both when it is free to expand and when the laminate is clamped in one direction. After the temperature returns to the datum point, residual stresses are shown to redistribute in time. They are induced by prior inelastic deformation.
Effect of Integrated Lens Antenna Diameter on Scan Loss (2022)

An integrated lens antenna (ILA) is desired to have high directivity and a wide steering range. The directivity of an ILA is proportional to its diameter. In this work, the relation between the diameter and the scan loss of the elliptical and hemispherical ILAs is studied using the ray-tracing simulation. The simulation study finds that the scan loss of an ILA, both elliptical and hemispherical, is proportional to the diameter. In addition, the optimum extension lengths of the extended hemispherical ILA are presented for various diameter and relative permittivities which serve as the design guideline for ILA designers.
Quantum Transport in Two-Dimensional WS2 with High-Efficiency Carrier Injection through Indium Alloy Contacts (2020)

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have properties attractive for optoelectronic and quantum applications. A crucial element for devices is the metal-semiconductor interface. However, high contact resistances have hindered progress. Quantum transport studies are scant as low-quality contacts are intractable at cryogenic temperatures. Here, temperature-dependent transfer length measurements are performed on chemical vapor deposition grown single-layer and bilayer WS<sub>2</sub> devices with indium alloy contacts. The devices exhibit low contact resistances and Schottky barrier heights (∼10 kΩ μm at 3 K and 1.7 meV). Efficient carrier injection enables high carrier mobilities (∼190 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and observation of resonant tunnelling. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into quantum transport and properties of the WS<sub>2</sub>-indium interface. Our results reveal significant advances toward high-performance WS<sub>2</sub> devices using indium alloy contacts.
Aware Optical Networks: Leaving the Lab (2018)

Awareness of optical network performance and its accurate prediction enable squeezing of margins allocated for stable operation. We discuss the potential of online performance assessment by leveraging bandwidth-variable transponders in flexible optical networks, and quantify its benefit by simulating the total capacity of typical long-haul networks. An experimental analysis in a system lab and a field trial demonstrate the viability and remarkable accuracy of the presented technologies in a live network. Finally, we analyze the impact of disaggregated networks on performance awareness.
Interactions in self-assembled microbial communities saturate with diversity (2018)

Abstract How the diversity of organisms competing for or sharing resources influences community production is an important question in ecology but has rarely been explored in natural microbial communities. These generally contain large numbers of species making it difficult to disentangle how the effects of different interactions scale with diversity. Here, we show that changing diversity affects measures of community function in relatively simple communities but that increasing richness beyond a threshold has little detectable effect. We generated self-assembled communities with a wide range of diversity by growth of cells from serially diluted seawater on brown algal leachate. We subsequently isolated the most abundant taxa from these communities via dilution-to-extinction in order to compare productivity functions of the entire community to those of individual taxa. To parse the effect of different types of organismal interactions, we developed relative total function (RTF) as an index for positive or negative effects of diversity on community function. Our analysis identified three overall regimes with increasing diversity. At low richness (&lt;12 taxa), potential positive and negative effects of interactions are both weak, while at moderate richness (12-20 taxa), community resource uptake increases but the carbon use efficiency decreases. Finally, beyond 20 taxa, there was no net change in community function indicating a saturation of potential interactions. These data suggest that although more diverse communities had overall greater access to resources, individual taxa within these communities had lower resource availability and reduced carbon use efficiency, indicating that competition due to niche overlap increases with diversity but that these interactions saturate at a specific threshold.