gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of surface coating on transverse magnetostriction in silicon iron (1977)

Samples of grain-oriented 3¼% silicon iron have been tested for magnetostriction when magnetised at 90° to the rolling direction, and the effects of tensile stress have been observed. These tests were performed on coated and decoated samples, and included the effect of magnetic annealing. From variations in magnetostriction, an assessment has been made of the internal stresses in the materials, and a stress equivalent for magnetic annealing has been deduced. The influence of the coating has been considered in the light of the various stresses which it sets up, both on the magnetostriction and magnetic-annealing processes. A comparison has been made of the differing contributions of the coating to the performance of conventional and highly oriented silicon iron.
Petrology and mineralogy of the Yamato-86720 carbonaceous chondrite (1992)

Phyllosilicate clasts in Yamato-86720 consist mainly of dehydrated serpentine (or chlorite) and sodian talc (or saponite) components, which are the most homogeneous in chemical compositions among those in CM chondrites. They were produced from chondrules by intense hydrous alteration, resulting in the homogeneous composition of the phyllosilicates. Metal spherules and troilite grains in original chondrules have also altered to ovoidal phyllosilicate inclusions and unusual carbonate-phyllosilicates inclusions, respectively. The CaO content of the original chondrules was retained within them as the unusual carbonate-phyllosilicate inclusions, which resulted in the low CaO content of the Y-86720 matrix. The matrix is different in composition from the clast phyllosilicates, suggesting that the two were produced in conditions different from each other. Pyrrhotite grains in clasts and matrix have altered probably to ferrihydrite, which have produced Fe-rich halos around the pyrrhotite grains after the agglomeration of Y-86720 and prior to a heating event. The heating event took place in the final stage of the chondrite formation, resulting in dehydration of phyllosilicates and reduction of ferrihydrite to Co-Ni-poor kamacite.
Identification, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Specific Receptors for Natural (Ghrelin) and Synthetic Growth Hormone Secretagogues and Analogs in Human Breast Carcinomas and Cell Lines1 (2001)

The family of GH secretagogues (GHS) includes synthetic peptidyl (hexarelin) and nonpeptidyl (MK-0677) molecules possessing specific receptors in the pituitary and central nervous system as well as in peripheral tissues, including the heart and some endocrine organs. A gastric-derived peptide, named ghrelin, has recently been proposed as the natural ligand of the GHS receptors (GHS-Rs). The presence of specific GHS-Rs has now been investigated in nontumoral and neoplastic human breast tissue using a radioiodinated peptidyl GHS ([(125)I]-Tyr-Ala-hexarelin) as ligand. Specific binding sites for GHS were detected in membranes from several types of breast carcinomas, whereas a negligible binding was found in fibroadenomas and mammary parenchyma. The highest binding activity was found in well-differentiated (G1) invasive breast carcinomas and was progressively reduced in moderately (G2) to poorly (G3) differentiated tumors. [(125)I]-Tyr-Ala-hexarelin bound to tumor membranes was displaced by different unlabeled GHS such as hexarelin, Tyr-Ala-hexarelin, human ghrelin, and MK-0677 as well as by desoctanoyl-ghrelin and hexarelin derivative EP-80317, which are devoid of GH-releasing properties in vivo. In contrast, no competition was seen between radiolabeled Tyr-Ala-hexarelin and some peptides (CRF and insulin-like growth factor I) structurally and functionally unrelated to hexarelin or when GHRH and SRIF were tested in the displacement studies. The presence of specific GHS binding sites was also demonstrated in three different human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB231), in which, surprisingly, no messenger RNA for GHS-R1a was demonstrated by RT-PCR. In these cell lines, ghrelin (as well as hexarelin, MK-0677, EP-80317, and even desoctanoyl ghrelin) caused a significant inhibition of cell proliferation at concentrations close to their binding affinity. In conclusion, this study provides the first demonstration of specific GHS binding sites, other than GHS-R1, in breast cancer. These receptors probably mediate growth inhibitory effects on breast carcinoma cells in vitro.
Insular Celtic population structure and genomic footprints of migration (2018)

Previous studies of the genetic landscape of Ireland have suggested homogeneity, with population substructure undetectable using single-marker methods. Here we have harnessed the haplotype-based method fineSTRUCTURE in an Irish genome-wide SNP dataset, identifying 23 discrete genetic clusters which segregate with geographical provenance. Cluster diversity is pronounced in the west of Ireland but reduced in the east where older structure has been eroded by historical migrations. Accordingly, when populations from the neighbouring island of Britain are included, a west-east cline of Celtic-British ancestry is revealed along with a particularly striking correlation between haplotypes and geography across both islands. A strong relationship is revealed between subsets of Northern Irish and Scottish populations, where discordant genetic and geographic affinities reflect major migrations in recent centuries. Additionally, Irish genetic proximity of all Scottish samples likely reflects older strata of communication across the narrowest inter-island crossing. Using GLOBETROTTER we detected Irish admixture signals from Britain and Europe and estimated dates for events consistent with the historical migrations of the Norse-Vikings, the Anglo-Normans and the British Plantations. The influence of the former is greater than previously estimated from Y chromosome haplotypes. In all, we paint a new picture of the genetic landscape of Ireland, revealing structure which should be considered in the design of studies examining rare genetic variation and its association with traits.
The kappa opioid receptor antagonist JDTic attenuates alcohol seeking and withdrawal anxiety (2012)

The role of kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) in the regulation of alcohol-related behaviors is not completely understood. For example, alcohol consumption has been reported to increase following treatment with KOR antagonists in rats, but was decreased in mice with genetic deletion of KOR. Recent studies have further suggested that KOR antagonists may selectively decrease alcohol self-administration in rats following a history of dependence. We assessed the effects of the KOR antagonist JDTic on alcohol self-administration, reinstatement of alcohol seeking induced by alcohol-associated cues or stress, and acute alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety ('hangover anxiety'). JDTic dose-dependently reversed hangover anxiety when given 48 hours prior to testing, a time interval corresponding to the previously demonstrated anxiolytic efficacy of this drug. In contrast, JDTic decreased alcohol self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking when administered 2 hours prior to testing, but not at longer pre-treatment times. For comparison, we determined that the prototypical KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine can suppress self-administration of alcohol at 2 hours pre-treatment time, mimicking our observations with JDTic. The effects of JDTic were behaviorally specific, as it had no effect on stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking, self-administration of sucrose, or locomotor activity. Further, we demonstrate that at a 2 hours pre-treatment time JDTic antagonized the antinociceptive effects of the KOR agonist U50,488H but had no effect on morphine-induced behaviors. Our results provide additional evidence for the involvement of KOR in regulation of alcohol-related behaviors and provide support for KOR antagonists, including JDTic, to be evaluated as medications for alcoholism.
Room temperature spin crossover in molecular and polymeric materials (2015)

Spin crossover materials represent a remarkable model of molecular spin switching, where a transition between low spin and high spin configurations can be reversibly triggered by suitable external stimuli and is often accompanied by a hysteresis of various physical properties, holding potential for application in memory devices and optical switches. This thesis work investigates the thermal spin crossover behaviour of a class of Fe(II)-triazole polymers where the chemical properties can be tailored to achieve solubility in common solvents and one mononuclear Fe(II) complex deemed suitable for thermal evaporation. A broad spectrum of experimental techniques including magnetic, optical, calorimetric and structural assessments are applied to characterise the spin crossover phenomena in powders, thick films and pellets, highlighting the impact of the molecular environment and the effects of the processing methods on the spin switching. Additionally, thermal expansion measurements with a capacitance dilatometer provide a macroscopic evaluation of the mechanical changes associated with the transitions, which mirror the expansion/contraction of the Fe coordination sphere at the molecular level. Solution processing and vacuum deposition of the materials further enables the preparation and study of stable thin films, better suited to device application, with optical characterisation confirming the retention of spin crossover thermochromic properties. As a first step to deploy the iron-polymers inside simple electronic devices, MIM structures (metal-insulator-metal) are fabricated and tested by impedance spectroscopy, showing the presence of a thermal hysteresis loop in the dielectric function around room temperature. We demonstrate that in addition to the previous studies on bulk powders, optical and dielectric bistability with sharp spin transitions can also be achieved for thin films devices, thus opening interesting new perspectives for the application of spin crossover polymeric and molecular materials.
Transformations structurales de l'amidon (1994)

chap. 2
Passive Wireless Sensor Platform Utilizing a Mechanical Resonator (2012)

This paper presents a new passive wireless sensor platform on the basis of the intermodulation communication principle. The platform utilizes a quartz crystal or other mechanical resonator and it enables a narrow bandwidth and ID-code to the sensor. A previously presented theory for predicting the intermodulation response of the sensor is elaborated and verified by a simulation. The concept is experimentally demonstrated at 1.2 GHz.
A New Route for High-Purity Organic Materials: High-Pressure-Ramp-Induced Ultrafast Polymerization of 2-(Hydroxyethyl)Methacrylate (2015)

The synthesis of highly biocompatible polymers is important for modern biotechnologies and medicine. Here, we report a unique process based on a two-step high-pressure ramp (HPR) for the ultrafast and efficient bulk polymerization of 2-(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA) at room temperature without photo- and thermal activation or addition of initiator. The HEMA monomers are first activated during the compression step but their reactivity is hindered by the dense glass-like environment. The rapid polymerization occurs in only the second step upon decompression to the liquid state. The conversion yield was found to exceed 90% in the recovered samples. The gel permeation chromatography evidences the overriding role of HEMA2(••) biradicals in the polymerization mechanism. The HPR process extends the application field of HP-induced polymerization, beyond the family of crystallized monomers considered up today. It is also an appealing alternative to typical photo- or thermal activation, allowing the efficient synthesis of highly pure organic materials.
Segmentation-based video coding:temporals links (1996)

This paper analyzes the main elements that a segmentation-based video coding approach should be based on so that it can address coding efficiency and content-based functionalities. Such elements can be defined as temporal linking and rate control. The basic features of such elements are discussed and, in both cases, a specific implementation is proposed.
Formulation and Artificial Sebum Effects on the Percutaneous Absorption of Zinc Pyrithione through Excised Human Skin (2019)

These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ZnPT percutaneous absorption, as measured by [14C]PT kinetics, is controlled by particle dissolution and molecular speciation.
2‐Alkylsulfanyl Estrogen Derivatives: Synthesis of a Novel Class of Multi‐Targeted Antitumor Agents. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Calcium Electroporation, an Experimental Cancer Treatment; Preliminary Results from a Pilot Trial within Advanced Esophageal Cancer (2023)

Introduction: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel anti-cancer treatment where a high influx of calcium, induced by local injection of a calcium solution and locally applied reversible electroporation, leads to tumor necrosis. In this ongoing first-in-man trial, CaEP is administered in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. The primary aim of this exploratory study is to establish safety and feasibility.<br/><br/>Methods: The trial aims to treat eight patients. In an outpatient setting, all patients are put in general anesthesia. For the endoscopic procedure, we use a pulse generator (ePORE®, Mirai Medical) and a single-use probe with two parallel electrodes (EndoVE®, Mirai Medical) connected to a gastroscope. The calcium solution (Calcium gluconate, B.Braun 0.23 mmol/ml) is injected into the tumor followed by locally applied electrical pulses (bipolar pulses of 5000 kilohertz/1000 Volt). After treatment, adverse events, pain, and dysphagia are registered and all patients are followed with computed tomography scans and upper endoscopies for up to three months.<br/><br/>Results: To date, seven patients have been treated. One serious adverse event (one day hospitalization due to anemia, requiring a single blood transfusion) and four adverse events have been registered including anemia, local pain, and oral thrush. Initially, five patients suffered from dysphagia, two reported dysphagia relief and three reported no change. Imaging response evaluation is pending.<br/><br/>Conclusion: In this preliminary analysis, CaEP in patients with advanced esophageal cancer has so far been conducted without major safety concerns. This study opens the way for larger studies evaluating tumor regression and symptom palliation.
La commutation douce dans la conversion statique de l'énergie électrique (1988)

Cette these traite d'une nouvelle conception de la conversion statique de l'energie electrique, fondee sur une recherche systematique de la commutation qui induit le minimum de contraintes sur les interrupteurs: la commutation douce. L'auteur precise d'abord un certain nombre de notions fondamentales de l'electronique de puissance et en introduisant la dualite, tant au niveau des structures et des interrupteurs que des mecanismes de commutation, il donne une dimension supplementaire a la discussion. L'analyse des performances d'une classe de convertisseurs, les onduleurs a resonance, montre qu'elles trouvent leurs origines dans les mecanismes particuliers de commutation des interrupteurs qui possedent chacun une commutation commandee et une commutation spontanee. La commutation douce est ainsi mise en evidence avec ses avantages, notamment la reduction des pertes et de la pollution de l'environnement du convertisseur. Apres avoir determine les regles d'obtention de la commutation douce, l'auteur propose une approche nouvelle de la conversion statique basee sur l'exploitation systematique de ce type de commutation. Les convertisseurs a resonance forment la principale famille de ces nouveaux convertisseurs continu-continu, tout d'abord non resersibles, puis reversibles. Il montre alors comment on peut concevoir la conversion continu-alternatif et debouche enfin sur une generalisation du procede a toutes les formes de conversion. Les montages proposes sont originaux et ont fait l'objet de depots de brevets. Apres avoir donne les regles de dimensionnement de ces nouveaux convertisseurs, le memoire de these se termine par une description des realisations industrielles qui exploitent deja les resultats de cette etude. De nombreuses annexes explicitent certaines methodes d'etude ou modes specifiques de commande
Data from Expression Profile of BCL-2, BCL-X<sub>L</sub>, and MCL-1 Predicts Pharmacological Response to the BCL-2 Selective Antagonist Venetoclax in Multiple Myeloma Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;BCL-2 family proteins dictate survival of human multiple myeloma cells, making them attractive drug targets. Indeed, multiple myeloma cells are sensitive to antagonists that selectively target prosurvival proteins such as BCL-2/BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; (ABT-737 and ABT-263/navitoclax) or BCL-2 only (ABT-199/GDC-0199/venetoclax). Resistance to these three drugs is mediated by expression of MCL-1. However, given the selectivity profile of venetoclax it is unclear whether coexpression of BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; also affects antitumor responses to venetoclax in multiple myeloma. In multiple myeloma cell lines (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 21), BCL-2 is expressed but sensitivity to venetoclax correlated with high BCL-2 and low BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; or MCL-1 expression. Multiple myeloma cells that coexpress BCL-2 and BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; were resistant to venetoclax but sensitive to a BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt;–selective inhibitor (A-1155463). Multiple myeloma xenograft models that coexpressed BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; or MCL-1 with BCL-2 were also resistant to venetoclax. Resistance to venetoclax was mitigated by cotreatment with bortezomib in xenografts that coexpressed BCL-2 and MCL-1 due to upregulation of NOXA, a proapoptotic factor that neutralizes MCL-1. In contrast, xenografts that expressed BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt;, MCL-1, and BCL-2 were more sensitive to the combination of bortezomib with a BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; selective inhibitor (A-1331852) but not with venetoclax cotreatment when compared with monotherapies. IHC of multiple myeloma patient bone marrow biopsies and aspirates (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 95) revealed high levels of BCL-2 and BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; in 62% and 43% of evaluable samples, respectively, while 34% were characterized as BCL-2&lt;sup&gt;High&lt;/sup&gt;/BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Low&lt;/sup&gt;. In addition to MCL-1, our data suggest that BCL-X&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt; may also be a potential resistance factor to venetoclax monotherapy and in combination with bortezomib. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 1132–44. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Electrophysiology of Hypothalamic Neurons (2000)

Just as the neuroendocrine cell is universally considered to be the “final common pathway” for hormone secretion in the field of neuroendocrinology, the action potential and its firing rate and pattern are the “final common mechanism” for release of transmitters, modulators, and hormones. Although graded changes in membrane potential control the secretion of these substances in some situations, nearly every excitable cell in both the endocrine system and the nervous system secretes its transmitter, modulator, or hormone through the generation of action potentials. In traditional terms, action potentials are initiated at the axon hillock near the soma and propagated in an all-or-none fashion to the terminals. This concept is generally true for both conventional neurons and the neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus. Thus, if our primary concern is how much transmitter or hormone is released from a terminal of a hypothalamic neuron or neuroendocrine cell, then we must understand how action potentials are generated and what determines their firing frequency and pattern.
Robot evolution: the development of anthrobotics (1995)

From the Publisher:
Since the creation of the first modern robots in the 1950s, robotics has developed rapidly and in diverse directions; the term robot (from the Czech word for drudgery) now applies to a spectrum of creations, from limbs bolted to factory floors to computer-driven bipeds with human-like capabilities. But the urge to create mechanical men to perform mundane, repetitive, and even complex human tasks is nearly as old as civilization itself. The ancient Greeks built automata, as did the Egyptians and the Japanese. Leonardo da Vinci designed men, and entertainment robots were all the rage in eighteenth-century Europe. Robot Evolution is unique in robotics literature, at once a comprehensive pictorial history of robots and a technical guide to robot designs, devices, and systems. Author and robot expert Mark E. Rosheim reviews and describes the gamut of robot mechanisms, from ancient to state-of-the-art, from subcomponents such as joints, grippers, and actuators to completely integrated systems equipped with artificial intelligence, sensors, and autonomous mobility. Rosheim chronicles the development and increasing complexity of these systems, using the kinesiology of human body parts as a framework for evaluating the kinematics of robotic components and explaining how these components are used to emulate human motion. Particular emphasis is placed on the most advanced current devices and promising experimental designs. Supplemented with hundreds of photographs, drawings, and illustrated tables, Robot Evolution is written in a clear, forthright style and organized to provide quick and easy access to information. Separate chapters are devoted to robot arms, wrists, hands, and legs, and each chapter contains examples of several different design approaches to the same problem or component. The advantages and disadvantages of each design are discussed in detail along with preferred applications and specific functions of each device. An annotated bib
Dynamic rerouting for ATM virtual path restoration (2002)

Dynamic restoration for ATM virtual path is an important network management function for survivable ATM networks. In the multiple-layer survivability architecture, the dynamic restoration can be used for VPs that require a lower grade of reliability in the sense that the corresponding backup VP may not be guaranteed. In this best effort restoration, the restoration performance is more important than the restoration speed. Most of proposed dynamic restoration protocols, however, are based on the line restoration method to exploit the simplicity and rapidity of line restoration method. We propose a new dynamic path restoration scheme based on the flooding algorithm for virtual path restoration. Computational simulation shows that our protocol has acceptable running speed and better restoration performance than some known protocols.