gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Entrainment and Learning-Related Dynamics of Spike and Local Field Potential Activity in the Sensorimotor and Associative Striatum (2014)

Parallel cortico-basal ganglia loops are thought to have distinct but interacting functions in motor learning and habit formation. In rats, the striatal projection neuron populations (MSNs) in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum, respectively corresponding to sensorimotor and associative regions of the striatum, exhibit contrasting dynamics as rats acquire T-maze tasks (Thorn et al., 2010). Here, we asked whether these patterns could be related to the activity of local interneuron populations in the striatum and to the local field potential activity recorded simultaneously in the corresponding regions. We found that dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatal fast-spiking interneurons exhibited task-specific and training-related dynamics consistent with those of corresponding MSN populations. Moreover, both MSNs and interneuron populations in both regions became entrained to theta-band (5-12 Hz) frequencies during task acquisition. However, the predominant entrainment frequencies were different for the sensorimotor and associative zones. Dorsolateral striatal neurons became entrained mid-task to oscillations centered ∼ 5 Hz, whereas simultaneously recorded neurons in the dorsomedial region became entrained to higher frequency (∼ 10 Hz) rhythms. These region-specific patterns of entrainment evolved dynamically with the development of region-specific patterns of interneuron and MSN activity, indicating that, with learning, these two striatal regions can develop different frequency-modulated circuit activities in parallel. We suggest that such differential entrainment of sensorimotor and associative neuronal populations, acquired through learning, could be critical for coordinating information flow throughout each trans-striatal network while simultaneously enabling nearby components of the separate networks to operate independently.
Adult human hematopoietic cells differentiate into mature T cells via a CD3-4+8- intermediate within the mouse thymic microenvironment; a new model system for the study of human thymocyte development further enhanced by anti-murine c-Kit mAB (2006)

Normal T cell differentiation occurs within the thymus. We previously found that human thymocyte precursors develop via a novel CD3-4+8- intermediate population, utilizing SCID-hu thymic grafts (Kraft,Weissman,Waller;JEM). We have recently worked to develop a more convenient robust model of human hematopoiesis utilizing RAG2/Common Gamma Chain double KO mice transplanted with hematopoietic progenitor cells from adult human donors, and hypothesized that human engraftment would be enhanced by selective inhibition of murine hematopoisis by administration of anti-murine c-Kit mAb. Methods: Mobilized CD34+ cells from healthy adults were obtained to >90% purity by CliniMacs. 2–8 × 105 CD34+ cells were injected intrahepatically into newborn RAG2 DKO pups following 4Gy of irradiation. At serial time points, human CD45+ chimerism was measured within the recipient marrow, blood, spleen, liver, lymph node, and thymus. A subset of recipients were treated with the anti-murine c-Kit mAb (ACK2) starting at D +14. Results: Human engraftment was detectable in CD34+ transplanted mice, and this was enhanced by suppression of murine hematopoiesis by anti c-Kit mAb. Robust human thymopoeisis was observed. A mean of 63% of cells within the thymus were human derived. At earlier time points (4–6 weeks post transplant) the recipient thymus were found to contain high fractions of CD45+CD3−4−8− cells (making up 30–40% of human cells within the thymus) and the CD3−4+8− (20–30%) and CD4+8+ (30–70%) intermediate populations with very rare mature CD3+4+8− or CD3+4−8+ T cells. At later time points the fraction of immature CD3−4−8− and CD3−4+8− populations declined and increasing populations of mature CD3+4+8− and CD3+4-8+ populations were identified in distributions similar to a normal thymus. Conclusions: Human T cell development appears to progress normally within a murine thymic microenvironment. The early development of a CD3−4+8− intermediate suggests that T cell development occurs via this population, unlike the CD3−4−8+ intermediate found in mice thymopoesis, suggesting that the pathway of human T cell differentiation is intrinisic to the human thymocytes, and is independent of whether the thymic stroma is human or murine. This robust model system enabling study of human thymopoesis utilizing hematopoietic stem cells from normal and diseased adults human donors may provide significant advantages for the study of human intrathymic T cell differentiation and function in vivo.
[Comparison of microwave coagulation using a new type electrode with radiofrequency ablation in the liver of living animals]. (2001)

In the present study, we compared microwave coagulation using a new type of electrode, a teflon-coated electrode that was developed in order to increase the area of coagulation, with radiofrequency ablation using a Radionics Cool-tip electrode inserted into the pig liver. Two Landrace male pig were put under general anesthesia. A microwave electrode (insulated area: 6 mm, teflon-coated electrode 16 G) and a radiofreqency (RF) electrode (Cool-tip RF single electrode 17 G) were passed through the surface of the livers of the pig. A thermometer was placed 1 cm from the tip of the electrode in order to measure the changes in the temperature of the area surrounding the electrode. In this study, the microwave setting was 80 W, and the RF pulse was set automatically. The coagulated and ablated areas of the liver were measured after 2.5, 5, and 10 minutes of energy delivery (n = 4). The diameter of the coagulated area of the liver following 2.5, 5 and 10 minutes of microwave exposure was 23.5 +/- 4.8 mm, 29.5 +/- 5.2 mm and 32.5 +/- 6.4 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the diameter of the ablated area of the liver following 2.5, 5 and 10 minutes of RF exposure was 18.5 +/- 4.1 mm, 24 +/- 7.8 mm and 28 +/- 4.9 mm, respectively. The mean temperature of the liver 1 cm from the microwave and RF electrodes (measured time: 2 minutes) was 69.6 degrees C and 56.3 degrees C. respectively (n = 12). Thus, the temperature of the area surrounding the microwave electrode was significantly higher than the temperature of the area surrounding the RF electrode (p = 0.0065). The teflon-coated microwave electrode achieved superior results to the Radionics Cool-tip electrode with respect to the diameter of the coagulated area and the temperature of the area in which the electrode was inserted, at the specified times.
Executive Micro-CT Low-resolution Summary for Catheter Parts (2020)

Data scans were performed on a Zeiss Xradia 520 Versa operated by departments 1851 (Philip Noell) and 1819 (James Griego). Sample 1, 2, and 3 Catheters were scanned with a 30 um pixel (low-resolution) to get an overall view of the part. (This does not include the entire height of the catheter assembly.) The following slides show the Z, Y, and X slice plane at a specific cross-hair location. We can perform a higher resolution scan down to —0.7 um pixel size including a limited field of view of ~700 um wide. Slide 5 has some requests for the customer for further scan locations. These catheters were provided to us by Simon Dunham of Weill Cornell Medical College.
A New Type of Ketone Catalyst for Asymmetric Epoxidation (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New Type of Ketone Catalyst for Asymmetric EpoxidationZhi-Xian Wang and Yian ShiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 25, 8622–8623Publication Date (Web):December 12, 1997Publication History Received12 September 1997Published online12 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971701qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971701qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1780Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbonyls,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
A shotgun metagenomic method to characterise low abundant species and assign precisely taxonomy in complex microbial ecosystems (2014)

A first step for a better understanding of complex microbial ecosystems, such as cheese or human gut microbiota, is the characterisation and quantification of their species composition. Once DNA is extracted from samples, two main techniques are usually used: the sequencing of evolutionary conserved genes, such as those coding for the 16S or 18S RNA or ITS, or whole genome shotgun sequencing. The first approach is widely used and provides a rapid view of the ecosystem, but often fails to provide taxonomy information more precise than the genus level. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing approaches may circumvent such issues. They are often based on the use of gene marker sets to discriminate species rapidly and without ambiguity, although the use of a small part of the genomes decreases sensitivity of this approach.
We present a new tool that gives encouraging results in the characterisation of low abundance species and may allow distinguishing strains under the subspecies taxonomic assignations. This approach is based on a mapping of metagenomic reads on the whole genomes of a dataset of reference genomes. We then identify species present in the sample based on the number and distribution of reads along each reference genome. Preliminary analyses indicate that we can determine the taxonomy up to the strain level, and identify low abundant species.
Our method is complementary to methods based on a set of marker genes. It is computationally more expensive, but can provide a more precise view of the ecosystem. Indeed, methods based on a set of marker genes usually fail to go up to the strain level in the taxonomy identification, and can miss low abundant species if the marker genes are not sequenced at a sufficient depth. We tested our tool on several datasets, including simulated reads and artificial metagenomic dataset in order to test he power and limits of this method. We will present examples on cheese ecosystems.
Unravelling the Mechanistic Pathway of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Driven by a Cobalt Catalyst (2022)

Abstract A cobalt complex bearing a κ ‐N 3 P 2 ligand is presented ( 1 + or Co I (L), where L is (1 E ,1′ E )‐1,1′‐(pyridine‐2,6‐diyl)bis( N ‐(3‐(diphenylphosphanyl)propyl)ethan‐1‐imine). Complex 1 + is stable under air at oxidation state Co I thanks to the π‐acceptor character of the phosphine groups. Electrochemical behavior of 1 + reveals a two‐electron Co I /Co III oxidation process and an additional one‐electron reduction, which leads to an enhancement in the current due to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at E onset =−1.6 V vs Fc/Fc + . In the presence of 1 equiv of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, 1 + forms the cobalt hydride derivative Co III (L)‐H ( 2 2+ ), which has been fully characterized. Further addition of 1 equiv of CoCp* 2 (Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) affords the reduced Co II (L)‐H ( 2 + ) species, which rapidly forms hydrogen and regenerates the initial Co I (L) ( 1 + ). The spectroscopic characterization of catalytic intermediates together with DFT calculations support an unusual bimolecular homolytic mechanism in the catalytic HER with 1 + .
Macromodeling with SPICE for the voltage breakdown behavior in bipolar junction and field-effect transistors (2003)

This paper presents two macromodels using SPICE primitives to simulate the static current-voltage (I-V) output characteristics of bipolar junction and field-effect transistors (BJTs and FETs) with the collector-emitter and drain-source breakdown voltages taken into account. Both macromodels use a reverse biased diode and a resistor in series with a current-controlled or voltage-controlled voltage source. A practical circuit adopting the macromodel for the BJT (MPSA06) illustrates the voltage-clamped features.
Equalization Techniques for Headphone Listening (2014)

The popularity of headphones has increased rapidly along with digital music and mobile phones. The environment in which headphones are used has also changed quite dramatically from silent to noisy, since people are increasingly using their headphones while commuting and traveling. Ambient noise affects the quality of the perceived music as well as compels people to listen to the music with higher volume levels.&#13;\nThis dissertation explores headphone listening in the presence of ambient sounds. The ambient sounds can be either noise or informative sounds, such as speech. The first portion of this work addresses the first case, where the ambient sounds are undesirable noise that deteriorates the headphone listening experience. The second portion tackles the latter case, in which the ambient sounds are actually informative sounds that the user wants to hear while wearing headphones, such as in an augmented reality system. Regardless of the nature of the ambient sounds, the listening experience can be enhanced with the help of equalization.&#13;\nThis work presents a virtual listening test environment for evaluating headphones in the presence of ambient noise. The simulation of headphones is implemented using digital filters, which enables arbitrary music and noise test signals in the listening test. The disturbing effect of ambient noise is examined with the help of a simulator utilizing an auditory masking model to simulate the timbre changes in music. Another study utilizes the same principles and introduces an adaptive equalizer for mitigation of the masking phenomenon. This psycho- acoustic audio processing system was shown to retain reasonably low sound pressure levels while boosting the music, which is highly important from the viewpoint of hearing protection.&#13;\nFurthermore, two novel hear-through systems are proposed, the first of which is a digital augmented reality headset substituting and improving a previous analog system. The second system is intended to be worn during loud concerts as a user-controllable hearing protector and mixer. The main problem in both of the systems is the risk of a comb filtering effect, which can deteriorate the sound quality. However, it is shown that the comb filtering effect is not detrimental due to the passive isolation of an in-ear headset.&#13;\nFinally, an optimization algorithm for high-order graphic equalizer is developed, which optimizes the order of adjacent band filters to reduce ripple around the filter transition bands. Furthermore, a novel high-precision graphic equalizer is introduced based on parallel second- order sections. The novel equalization techniques are intended for use not only in headphone applications, but also in wide range of other audio signal processing applications, which require highly selective equalizers.
Finite rate feedback schemes for the MIMO OFDM broadcast channel (2008)

Full channel state information at the transmitter leads to large performance gains in multiuser wireless communication systems. However, in practice this assumption cannot be justified, especially when the transmitter cannot directly estimate the channel. For this reason we consider finite rate feedback schemes in this paper, where the channel state information is fed back to the transmitter after quantization. We show performance in terms of sum rate in the MIMO OFDM broadcast channel and present a new combination of lossless and lossy compression of channel state information and subsequent quantization at the receivers.
Dicyanobenzothiadiazole (DCBT) Organic Dye as a Visible Light Absorbing Strong Photoinduced Oxidant with a 16 Microsecond Long‐Lived Excited State (Adv. Energy Mater. 2/2023) (2023)

Photocatalytic Water Oxidation The art representing article number 2203102 by Nathan I. Hammer, Jared H. Delcamp, and co-workers depicts the organic molecular photosensitizer QL11-OEG being irradiated with visible light under water. The strong photooxidant QL11-OEG is in a 16 microsecond long-lived excited state near a ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst. QL11-OEG is oxidizing the ruthenium-based catalyst to drive the conversion of water molecules to molecular oxygen which is shown as bubbles rising to the surface.
Discovery of the Presence and Functional Expression of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in Brain (2006)

Two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CBrs), CB1 and CB2, mediate the effects of cannabinoids and marijuana use, with functional evidence for other CBrs. CB1 receptors are expressed primarily in brain and peripheral tissues. For over a decade several laboratories were unable to detect CB2 receptors in brain and were known to be intensely expressed in peripheral and immune tissues and have traditionally been referred to as peripheral CB2 CBrs. We have reported the discovery and functional presence of CB2 cannabinoid receptors in mammalian brain that may be involved in depression and drug abuse and this was supported by reports of identification of neuronal CB2 receptors that are involved in emesis. We used RT-PCR, immunoblotting, hippocampal cultures, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and stereotaxic techniques with behavioral assays to determine the functional expression of CB2 CBrs in rat brain and mice brain exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) or those treated with abused drugs. RT-PCR analyses supported the expression of brain CB2 receptor transcripts at levels much lower than those of CB1 receptors. In situ hybridization revealed CB2 mRNA in cerebellar neurons of wild-type but not of CB2 knockout mice. Abundant CB2 receptor immunoreactivity (iCB2) in neuronal and glial processes was detected in brain and CB2 expression was detected in neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positive hippocampal cell cultures. The effect of direct CB2 antisense oligonucleotide injection into the brain and treatment with JWH015 in motor function and plus-maze tests also demonstrated the functional presence of CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, contrary to the prevailing view that CB2 CBrs are restricted to peripheral tissues and predominantly in immune cells, we demonstrated that CB2 CBrs and their gene transcripts are widely distributed in the brain. This multifocal expression of CB2 immunoreactivity in brain suggests that CB2 receptors may play broader roles in the brain than previously anticipated and may be exploited as new targets in the treatment of depression and substance abuse.
Selective Preparation of Fluorene Derivatives Using the t-Butyl Function as a Positional Protective Group (1986)

Abstract Several 4-substituted 2,7-di-t-butylfluorene derivatives (3) were prepared by electrophilic substitutions of 2,7-di-t-butylfluorene (1). 4-Substituted fluorene (4), such as 4-bromo- (4a), 4-methyl (4e), and 4-acetylaminofluorene (4j), were obtained by the trans-t-butylations of 3. Although we attempted to synthesize 1,8-disubstituted fluorene from 3,6-di-t-butylfluorene (2) which was derived from 2,2′-diiodo-4,4′-di-t-butyldiphenylmethane (5), by the same methods, we obtained only 2,7-disubstituted fluorene derivatives (8); it turned out electrophilic substitutions of 2 gave 2,7-disubstituted 3,6-di-t-butylfluorene derivatives.
Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist on Tumor Stroma in Experimental Uveal Melanoma (2011)

IL-1 may play a role in promoting uveal melanoma progression. Inhibiting IL-1 with IL-1ra inhibits tumor growth in vivo but not in vitro. Tumor stroma is modified, myeloid suppressor cells are reduced, and M1 macrophage polarization is increased in vivo.
Robust Analog Precoding Designs for Millimeter Wave MIMO Transceivers With Frequency and Time Division Duplexing (2016)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication provides high data rates thanks to large arrays at the transmitter and receiver, coupled with large bandwidth channels. Exploiting the arrays is challenging due to the need to configure precoding at the transmitter based on the large frequency selective channel. In this paper, we exploit the power iteration principle and propose a robust analog precoding training algorithm that can be applied in both frequency division duplex transmission systems and time division duplex transmission systems with or without RF calibration. We further analyze the convergence of the proposed algorithm and show how it converges to the singular value decomposition optimality exponentially. We propose null space projection on top of the power iteration to form multiple orthogonal beams at the transmitter and receiver. Strongest tap selection with proper energy pruning is used to collect as much precoding gain as possible from a frequency selective fading channel. The exponential effective SINR mapping performance is evaluated and demonstrates that the overall approach works smoothly. Numerical simulation results demonstrate algorithm robustness and the algorithm works not only for the simplified mmWave directional channels, but also for more general rich scattering channels.
Stimulated Raman scattering in the visible with a multipass cell (1989)

In experimental studies of stimulated Raman scattering in a multipass cell (MPC) with a frequency-doubled single-mode Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, it is found that only forward Stokes generation is observed and that the growth and saturation of the Stokes beam are in agreement with a simple plane wave, transient theory scaled to account for the focusing, and the multiple passes. The absence of second Stokes generation, backward Stokes generation, and anti-Stoke generation is discussed in terms of the low gain per pass in the MPC. It is concluded that the MPC provides an ideal system for studying stimulated Stokes scattering with visible lasers without the four-wave processes usually seen in a single-focus geometry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Israeli Lust for Peace: Illusion, Tragedy and Prospect (2003)

The wishful thinking of Israelis and Americans has led to a pursuit of peace through negotiation and concilliation. This process has led more nearly to war, terrorism and great human suffering than to peace.
Petasis Boronic Mannich Reactions of Electron‐Poor Aromatic Amines under Microwave Conditions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preliminary geologic map of the Little Piute Mountains, California: A digital database (1997)

The Little Piute Mountains Digital database contains digital geologic and geographic information for the study area. The geology was mapped at a scale of 1:8,000, and the topographic information was input from the Little Piute Mountains, CA 1:24,000 quadrangle. The accuracy of the spatial information is limited to the input scale. Postscript files, originally published in paper format as Open-file map 95-598, have been included for those who do not have access to a geographic information system. The files are equivalent to those which produced the hard-copy open file. They can be printed on any device equipped to print postscript files of the appropriate file size.