gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐247: THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF COMPUTERISED OR PAPER‐AND‐PENCIL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENTS USED IN PRIMARY CARE IMPACT THE COST‐EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEMENTIA DIAGNOSTIC PATHWAY (2014)

Improving timely dementia diagnosis is central to improving outcomes. In the UK, primary care is the gatekeeper to diagnostic services. Despite the importance of cognitive assessment in understanding the presentation of those with suspected dementia-related diseases, there is little standardisation of cognitive tests used across services and great variability in the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Here, we present an economic model illustrating the effect of sensitivity and specificity of cognitive tests on the cost-effectiveness of the diagnostic pathway in the UK. A decision tree model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of different cognitive assessments in primary care, compared to no systematic assessment. Sensitivity and specificity of cognitive assessments in detecting mild-moderate dementia was considered for CANTAB, MMSE and the GPCOG. All patients referred to diagnostic services were subjected to a standardised assessment following current NICE clinical guidelines (2006). The likelihood of presenting with subjective memory complaints (SMC) was calculated based on prevalence of conditions and rates of cognitive complaints. Input parameters were derived from published literature and cost sources (NHS Reference Costs 2012-13; PSSRU, 2012). One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted on key model parameters. Systematic use of cognitive assessment in patients presenting with SMC in primary care resulted in cost savings, and the magnitude of cost saving reflected the sensitivity and specificity of the test used. CANTAB (estimated sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92% to detect mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease) was estimated to save £147 per patient presenting to primary care. Compared to this, using the MMSE (sensitivity 88% and specificity of 86%; Lin et al., 2013), or GPCOG (85% sensitivity and 86% specificity; Brodaty et al., 2002), saved £138, and £139 per patient respectively, reducing the cost-savings relative to CANTAB by about 6% per patient presenting to primary care with SMC. The quality of cognitive assessment in primary care has significant implications for the costs of dementia diagnosis. Using a more sensitive and specific cognitive assessment such as CANTAB has the potential to be highly cost-effective, by better supporting appropriate decision making and onward referral.
Requirement for 7-methylguanosine in translation of globin mRNA in vivo (1978)

The 7-methylguanosine (m7G) residue present in the m7G5' ppp5'X-"CAP" structure of rabbit globin mRNA was removed quantitatively by periodate oxidation followed by beta-elimination in the presence of cyclohexylamine. The RNA thus treated was intact and exhibited no signs of degradation as examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in formamide. Assay for protein synthesis using a wheat germ cell-free system showed that the globin mRNA lacking m7G had lost most of its messenger activity. Identical treatment, of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) RNA, which does not contain the 5'-terminal "CAP" structure, resulted in no loss of its mRNA activity. Since the importance of the m7G residue in eukaryotic mRNA has not yet been shown essential for translation in vivo, both untreated and treated globin mRNAs were injected into frog oocytes and their translation into globin was measured at intervals over a ninety-six hour period. Globin mRNA either treated with periodate alone or lacking in m7g altogether were both found to have lost more than 90% of their activity in vivo.
Performance of actively managed funds in various stages ofbusiness cycle (2015)

Discussion between advocates of active and passive investments
has been going on for at least three decades. Broadly speaking,
evidence in favor of passive investments against active
investment strategies has grown very strong during that period
bringing active investments almost on the edge of obscure
methods. The aim of this paper is to contribute to mentioned
discussion by submitting an analysis of performance of actively
managed funds in various stages of business cycle with given
benchmarks within particular time periods and on particular
markets. The analysis shall enlighten relation between
outperformance or underperformance of actively managed funds in
comparison with selected indices which can be treated as index
products in the post-financial crisis realm.
Change in time-of-flight of longitudinal (axisymmetric) wave modes due to lamination in steel pipes (2013)

Investigations with the aid of longitudinal guided waves in cylindrical structures have been regularly carried out for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM). While earlier works concentrated on the amplitude reduction of the propagating waves due to structural anomalies in this work the change in time-of-flight is investigated. Longitudinal (axisymmetric) modes are excited by a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) transducer for detection of any fluctuation or change in the surface of a steel pipe. Propagating waves are analyzed after proper signal processing. To observe the small change in TOF due to lamination on the surface of a steel pipe, cross-correlation technique is used to attain a higher temporal resolution. The experimental technique is discussed and the obtained results are presented in this paper.
Efficacy of quinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic cancer patients: a meta-analysis. (1998)

Quinolone prophylaxis substantially reduces the incidence of various infection-related outcomes, but not deaths, in these patients. Although this reduction in infections may translate into a decrease in morbidity, the reduction in fevers (and by extension, use of empiric antibiotics) appears small, and blinded trials provided less evidence for benefit than unblinded trials. Quinolone-resistant infections are uncommon, but continued vigilance is warranted.
Constrained path computation for qos routing in computer networks (2006)

In this thesis, we investigate new algorithms and methodologies that facilitate the computation of multi-constrained path for QoS routing in wired and wireless networks. 
First, we present the extended depth-first-search (EDFS) algorithm that solves the general k-constrained multi-constrained path (MCP) problem with pseudo-polynoinial time complexity O(m 2·EN + N2), where m is the maximum number of non-dominated paths maintained for each destination, E and N are the number of links and nodes of a graph, respectively. EDFS is a centralized algorithm requiring global network state (topology and resource information) maintained at each source, and has the unique property that the tighter the constraints are, the better the performance it can achieve, w.r.t. both time complexity and routing success ratio. 
Second, we propose the fully distributed multi-constrained routing (DMR) protocol that addresses both constrained path computation and resource optimization problems for QoS routing. DMR operates in line with the hop-by-hop, connectionless routing model assumed in the IP Internet, and need not to maintain a global view of the network state at each node. This is in sharp contrast with all previous approaches, which rely on complete or partial network state made available at each node for path selection subject to multiple constraints, which may incur excessive communication overhead in large networks and is hard to achieve in practice. 
Third, we present the ellipse-bounded ad-hoc routing (eBAR), a new ondemand routing scheme for wireless ad hoc networks where non-duplicate route request (RREQ) messages are further forwarded only if the relaying node stays within an ellipse that has the source and destination nodes as the foci. This is achieved by the traffic-driven, destination-initiated signaling of estimates of the distance to each active destination (i.e., data sinks). 
Last, we investigate key distribution and secure routing issues in rnulti-hop wireless networks. We present a new non-interactive key agreement and progression (NIKAP) scheme that does not require an on-line centralized authority, can establish and update pairwise shared keys between any two nodes in a non-interactive manner, is configurable to operate synchronously (S-NIKAP) or asynchronously (A-NIKAP), and has the ability to provide differentiated security services w.r.t. the given security policies. 
This thesis includes research work that have been previously published in [29, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 28, 33]; and coauthored with Prof. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves.
Eosinophil and Neutrophil Granulocyte Immunophenotyping Using Chipcytometry (2019)

Rationale: Immunophenotyping of granulocytes in sputum from patients with inflammatory airway disease is an important goal for monitoring of disease activity and treatment success. Chipcytometry may hold great potential in this respect because it allows the characterization of cell surface marker expression after storage of cells on chips. However, processing and preparation of induced sputum may have an impact on granulocyte integrity and stainability. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of Chipcytometry to immunophenotype granulocytes by using peripheral blood granulocytes that were treated similarly like induced sputum cells and determined antibody stability by flow cytometry prior to chipcytometric analysis. Methods: Granulocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of atopic subjects using 4% dextran and density gradient centrifugation. For flow cytometry, cells were incubated with PBS, DTT or PFA prior to staining, in order to observe differences in epitope binding due to chemical treatments required during sputum processing (DTT) or cell-loading ontochips (PFA).Cell surface expression of CD45, CD15, CD16, CD16b, CD66b and CCR3 was measured using a Beckman CoulterNavios™ flow cytometer. For Chipcytometry, cells were loaded onto Zellkraftwerk chips, fixed and stained iteratively with CD45, CD15, CD16, CD16b, CD66b, CCR3, eosinophil peroxidase (EPX). Percentages of eosinophils within granulocytes were compared with both methods. Results: Feasibility of measurements on eosinophil/ neutrophil granulocytes following DTT/PFA treatment was assessed by flow cytometry. Comparison of signal intensity showed no differences between treated and untreated cells. Neutrophils showed CD15+, CD16high, CD16b+, CD66b+, and CCR3-expression. Eosinophils were CD15-, CD16low, CD16b-, CD66b+ and CCR3+. Analogue results were obtained using Chipcytometry for CD15, CD16, CD16b and CD66b indicating specific epitope binding. CCR3 staining of eosinophils was possible on unfixed cells on chips only. Comparable results were obtained for flow- and Chipcytometry discriminated percentages of eosinophils within the granulocytes (%EosFACS=9,6%, %EosChip=10,2%; n=2) Conclusion: Chipcytometry allows the iterative analysis of manifold antibody markers and discrimination on peripheral blood granulocytes after DTT/PFA treatment without influence on most epitopes. Therefore, Chipcytometry will allow to achieve a profound understanding of the immune response mechanisms of atopic asthma with focus on sputum derived granulocytes.
XPS, XRD, and SEM characterization of the virgin and recycled metallic powders for 3D printing applications (2019)

Abstract We characterized the surface and microstructure of both feedstock (virgin) and recycled Stainless Steel 316L powders used for selective laser melting process. Reusing the recycled powders can significantly reduce the powder consumption, production cost and time. We have performed X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and rheology analysis on steel powders both on the virgin powder and the powders not adhered to the printed parts but recycled in the powder bed. The results confirm that the oxygen level on the surface of the recycled powder is increasing and the metallic oxides diffuse out to the surface of the powder particles during the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, the changes are not significant which promise the reusability of the recycled powders for several cycles. We observed no change on the phase of the recycled powder. Further characterizations are ongoing to measure the chemical composition and morphology of both virgin and recycled powders to correlate them with the mechanical properties of the printed parts. These characterizations allow extending the powder reuse for a number of reusing cycles and reducing the manufacturing time and cost without reducing the mechanical properties of the final parts.
Large volume blood-brain barrier disruption by low frequency focused ultrasound: a method for targeted drug delivery and molecular imaging (2005)

The paper explores the feasibility of using low frequency image guided focused ultrasound as a noninvasive method to temporarily disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at targeted locations. This method could provide a means for targeted delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents to the brain. Brains of rabbits were targeted with 20 s burst sonications (10 ms, repetition frequency, 1 Hz.) using a focused ultrasound transducer (frequency, 260 kHz; diameter, 10 cm; radius of curvature, 8 cm) in a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The peak rarefactional pressure amplitude during the burst was varied between 0.2 and 0.9 MPa. Each sonication was performed 10 s after an intravenous injection of an ultrasound contrast agent (Optison/sup /spl reg//). The disruption of the BBB was evaluated by injecting MRI contrast agent (Magnevist/sup /spl reg//). The animals were sacrificed at different times between 4 h and 5 weeks, after which histology or electron microscopy evaluation was performed. The results demonstrated that low frequency ultrasound bursts could induce local, reversible disruption of the BBB without undesired long-term effects. Electron microscopy showed that a large particle (horseradish peroxidase; molecular weight 40 kDa) could be delivered through the BBB disruption. This frequency is desirable since it can be focused through the intact skull without significant distortion of the ultrasound beam.
Modeling Feed System Flow Physics for Self-Pressurizing Propellants (2007)

Self-pressurizing propellants have some very attractive attributes for the propulsion system designer. The high vapor pressure at low temperatures of oxidizers such as nitrous oxide and fuels such as ethane allow these propellants to be used e!cien tly without the need for an external pressurant and the associated complexity and mass. However, performance prediction for self-pressurized systems is made more di!cult due to the complex thermodynamics and mass transfer kinetics inherent in a two-phase system. Further complications arise from the fact that at pressures useful for a propulsion system the incompressible assumption is not valid for the liquid phase and the ideal gas assumption is not appropriate for the vapor phase. This work describes the culmination of the modeling done to date at Stanford University and NASA Ames for self pressurized propellant thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. A fundamental relation explicit in the Helmholtz energy is used in these models to provide very accurate caloric properties and P!T relations. A viable model to predict two-phase injector flow relations is presented and compared with test data as an example of the usefulness of this equation of state.
Delayed Autoimmune Toxicity Occurring Several Months After Cessation of Anti-PD-1 Therapy (2018)

Treatment with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies has demonstrated clinical efficacy in a whole range of malignancies including advanced melanoma, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Immune-related adverse events are a unique side effect of checkpoint regulator therapy including anti-PD-1 antibodies. Treatment-related autoimmunity can occur in any organ system, with the median onset usually within 5-15 weeks from the commencement of therapy, depending on the organ system involved. This study describes for the first time a case of delayed autoimmunity occurring 8 months after discontinuing treatment with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in a patient with metastatic melanoma. The case highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors even after cessation of therapy, especially as patients increasingly stop treatment after achieving durable responses.
Crystal packing of a bacteriophage MS2 coat protein mutant corresponds to octahedral particles (2008)

A covalent dimer of the bacteriophage MS2 coat protein was created by performing genetic fusion of two copies of the gene while removing the stop codon of the first gene. The dimer was crystallized in the cubic F432 space group. The organization of the asymmetric unit together with the F432 symmetry results in an arrangement of subunits that corresponds to T = 3 octahedral particles. The octahedral particles are probably artifacts created by the particular crystal packing. When it is not crystallized in the F cubic crystal form, the coat protein dimer appears to assemble into T = 3 icosahedral particles indistinguishable from the wild-type particles. To form an octahedral particle with closed surface, the dimer subunits interact at sharper angles than in the icosahedral arrangement. The fold of the covalent dimer is almost identical to the wild-type dimer with differences located in loops and in the covalent linker region. The main differences in the subunit packing between the octahedral and icosahedral arrangements are located close to the fourfold and fivefold symmetry axes where different sets of loops mediate the contacts. The volume of the wild-type virions is 7 times bigger than that of the octahedral particles.
Basic Wavefront Aberration Theory for Optical Metrology (1992)

VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. Sign Conventions Aberration-Free Image Spherical Wavefront, Defocus, and Lateral Shift Angular, Transverse, and Longitudinal Aberration Seidel Aberrations A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma C. Astigmatism D. Field Curvature E. Distortion Zernike Polynomials Relationship between Zernike Polynomials and Third-Order Aberrations Peak-to-Valley and RMS Wavefront Aberration Strehl Ratio Chromatic Aberrations Aberrations Introduced by Plane Parallel Plates Aberrations of Simple Thin Lenses 2 4 9 12 15 18 22 24 26 28 28
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Chloride Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization and Allylsilylation of Diallylsilanes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CHIMP: A Tool for Assertion-Based Dynamic Verification of SystemC Models. (2013)

Abstract—CHIMP is a tool for assertion-based dynamic verification of SystemC models. The various features of CHIMP include automatic generation of monitors from temporal assertions, automatic instrumentation of the model-under-verification (MUV), and three-way communication among the MUV, the generated monitors, and the SystemC simulation kernel during the monitored execution of the instrumented MUV. Empirical results show that CHIMP puts minimal runtime overhead on the monitored execution of the MUV. A newly added path in CHIMP results in a significant (over 75%) reduction of average monitor generation and compilation time. The average size of the monitors is reduced by over 60%, without increasing runtime overhead. I.
Physics-Based Swarm Intelligence for Disaster Relief Communications (2016)

This study explores how a swarm of aerial mobile vehicles can provide network connectivity and meet the stringent requirements of public protection and disaster relief operations. In this context, we design a physics-based controlled mobility strategy, which we name the extended Virtual Force Protocol (VFPe), allowing self-propelled nodes, and in particular here unmanned aerial vehicles, to fly autonomously and cooperatively. In this way, ground devices scattered on the operation site may establish communications through the wireless multi-hop communication routes formed by the network of aerial nodes. We further investigate through simulations the behavior of the VFPe protocol, notably focusing on the way node location information is disseminated into the network as well as on the impact of the number of exploration nodes on the overall network performance.
A method of state recognition of dressing clothes based on dynamic state matching (2013)

This paper describes a method of clothing recognition using dynamic state matching. One purpose of this research is to develop a function that is used to observe the progress of dressing a bottom at a toilet or a bedside. In this dressing, although we just have to do is to put my or others' legs on the bottom. some undesirable situations may occur. For instance, the feet gets hung up on the part of the bottom, and so on. Assuming to use a single camera, we propose a method that distinguishes whether or not a behavior of dressing a bottom is working in order. The input data is an image stream that captures a dressing sequence. Optical flow is calculated from two consecutive images, and then the distribution of the flows is used to distinguish the present clothing state by matching the optical flow with training dataset. The method outputs whether or not the present clothing is in a successful situation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was proven by means of real image data.
Halbach array type focusing actuator for small and thin optical data storage device (2004)

The small form factor optical data storage devices are developing rapidly nowadays. Since it is designed for portable and compatibility with flesh memory, its components such as disk, head, focusing actuator, and spindle motor should be assembled within 5 mm. The thickness of focusing actuator is within 2 mm and the total working range is +/-100um, with the resolution of less than 1&mu;m. Since the thickness is limited tightly, it is hard to place the yoke that closes the magnetic circuit and hard to make strong flux density without yoke. Therefore, Halbach array is adopted to increase the magnetic flux of one side without yoke. The proposed Halbach array type focusing actuator has the advantage of thin actuation structure with sacrificing less flex density than conventional magnetic array. The optical head unit is moved on the swing arm type tracking actuator. Focusing coil is attached to swing arm, and Halbach magnet array is positioned at the bottom of deck along the tracking line, and focusing actuator exerts force by the Fleming's left hand rule. The dynamics, working range, control resolution of focusing actuator are analyzed and performed.