gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microstrip ultra-wideband differential filter with shorted parallel coupled-line (2011)

In this paper, a novel microstrip differential filter with shorted parallel coupled-line is proposed. Based on the transversal signal-interference concept, a passband can be achieved when the differential mode signal is excited, while a stopband can be obtained when the common mode signal is excited. The proposed differential filter was analyzed and simulated. A prototype is fabricated for demonstration of the design strategies. The measured results show that the differential mode signals have ultra-wideband response with 10 dB fractional bandwidth of 110%, while the common mode signals are suppressed in the whole frequency band. Good agreement can be observed between the simulation and measurement.
Mathematical Modeling for Network Selection in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks — A Tutorial (2012)

In heterogeneous wireless networks, an important task for mobile terminals is to select the best network for various communications at any time anywhere, usually called network selection. In recent years, this topic has been widely studied by using various mathematical theories. The employed theory decides the objective of optimization, complexity and performance, so it is a must to understand the potential mathematical theories and choose the appropriate one for obtaining the best result. Therefore, this paper systematically studies the most important mathematical theories used for modeling the network selection problem in the literature. With a carefully designed unified scenario, we compare the schemes of various mathematical theories and discuss the ways to benefit from combining multiple of them together. Furthermore, an integrated scheme using multiple attribute decision making as the core of the selection procedure is proposed.
Full-Rate Bang-Bang Phase/Frequency Detectors for Unilateral Continuous-Rate CDRs (2008)

Full-rate bang-bang phase detectors (BBPDs) and bang-bang frequency detectors (FDs) are presented for continuous-rate clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits. The proposed BBPDs have only six latches, so they save the power and area. Their symmetric architecture minimizes the clock skew caused by the nonsymmetric layout. The proposed unilateral FDs have a wide detectable frequency range. The theoretical analysis for the proposed FDs is given. Two continuous-rate CDR circuits using the proposed BBPDs and FDs have been fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process. They recover the NRZ data of a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 PRBS from 622 Mbps to 3.125 Gbps. All of the measured bit error rates are less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> .
Biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticle with lipid coating for systemic siRNA delivery (2021)

A lipid coated calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle (NP) formulation was developed for efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to a xenograft tumor model by intravenous administration. Based on the previous formulation, liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD), which was DNA-protamine complex wrapped by cationic liposome followed by post-insertion of PEG, LCP was similar to LPD NP except that the core was replaced by a biodegradable nano-sized calcium-phosphate precipitate prepared by using water-in-oil micro-emulsions in which siRNA was entrapped. We hypothesized that after entering the cells, LCP would de-assemble at low pH in the endosome, which would cause endosome swelling and bursting to release the entrapped siRNA. Such a mechanism was demonstrated by the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration as shown by using a calcium specific dye Fura-2. The LCP NP was further modified by post-insertion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with or without anisamide, a sigma-1 receptor ligand for systemic administration. Luciferase siRNA was used to evaluate the gene silencing effect in H-460 cells which were stably transduced with a luciferase gene. The anisamide modified LCP NP silenced about 70% and 50% of luciferase activity for the tumor cells in culture and those grown in a xenograft model, respectively. The un-targeted NP showed a very low silencing effect. The new formulation improved the in vitro silencing effect 3–4 folds compared to the previous LPD formulation, but had a negligible immunotoxicity.
CCMS: A Calorie Consumption Monitoring System for Exercising with Least-Squares Calibration (2017)

Nowadays, with increasing work stress and quick pace of modern life, people generally do not have enough time for exercising, however, they curiously pay much attention to the direct effect of exercising -calorie consumption. In this paper, we investigate several popular calorie consumption monitoring approaches and propose CCMS - a novel Calorie Consumption Monitoring System for exercising with least-squares calibration based on smartphones. Specifically, CCMS uses smartphone built-in sensors to collect the sensed data from accelerometer, barometer and GPS. With the sensed data, CCMS computes the calorie consumption based on the energy consumption formulas of American College of Sports Medicine. We apply an improved Naive Bayesian Classifier, which enables intelligent classification of several exercise types and achieves an average accuracy of 92.6% for determining the exercise types. We adopt the least-squares method to calibrate the result of calorie consumption and find that the method can increase the precision of CCMS up to 6%. We evaluate the performance of CCMS against other popular fitness applications, including Gudong and Jawbone UP3 which is a commercial device. The experimental results demonstrate that CCMS outperforms state-of-the-art calorie consumption monitoring systems in terms of measuring accuracy, with the average accuracy increase of about 5%.
Effect of loop deletions on the binding and transport of ferric enterobactin by FepA (1999)

The siderophore ferric enterobactin enters Escherichia coli through the outer membrane (OM) porin FepA, which contains an aqueous transmembrane channel that is normally occluded by other parts of the protein. After binding the siderophore at a site within the surface loops, FepA undergoes conformational changes that promote ligand internalization. We assessed the participation of different loops in ligand recognition and uptake by creating and analysing a series of deletions. We genetically engineered 26 mutations that removed 9-75 amino acids from nine loops and two buried regions of the OM protein. The mutations had various effects on the uptake reaction, which we discerned by comparing the substrate concentrations of half-maximal binding (Kd) and uptake (Km): every loop deletion affected siderophore transport kinetics, decreasing or eliminating binding affinity and transport efficiency. We classified the mutations in three groups on the basis of their slight, strong or complete inhibition of the rate of ferric enterobactin transport across the OM. Finally, characterization of the FepA mutants revealed that prior experiments underestimated the affinity of FepA for ferric enterobactin: the interaction between the protein and the ferric siderophore is so avid (Kd < 0.2 nM) that FepA tolerated the large reductions in affinity that some loop deletions caused without loss of uptake functionality. That is, like other porins, many of the loops of FepA are superficially dispensable: ferric enterobactin transport occurred without them, at levels that allowed bacterial growth.
Amyloid Architecture: Complementary Assembly of Heterogeneous Combinations of Three or Four Peptides into Amyloid Fibrils (2002)

The amyloid fibril is a misfolded and undesirable state for proteins that has been proposed to be a causative agent for a variety of fatal diseases known as amyloid diseases, such as Alzheimer's and prion diseases. However, the fibril has a highly ordered tertiary structure in which numerous β-strand polypeptide chains align in a regular pattern. Thus, this kind of fibril has the potential to be engineered into proteinaceous materials. Amyloid fibrils of misfolded proteins primarily comprise a single polypeptide species, that is, the self-assembly is homogeneous. We here found that three or four designed peptides can assemble heterogeneously and cooperatively into amyloid fibrils, a process accompanied by a drastic secondary structural transition from α helix to β sheet. Heterogeneous assembly into fibrils is accomplished by complementary electrostatic interactions between three or four peptide species, each of which is not able to self-assemble homogeneously. These findings will lead to a novel way to study the molecular details of amyloid formation and also to design β-sheet peptidyl materials.
UDV measurements and CFD simulation of two-phase flow in a stirred vessel (2009)

Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry (UDV) was successfully applied for measuring the three-dimensional velocity profiles of sand?water slurry in a cylindrical tank equipped with a 45° pitched blade turbine. Radial, axial and tangential velocity components were determined at the middle angular position between two baffles. The flow field in the tank was simulated by employing CFD with an algebraic slip mixture model combined with a sliding mesh method for the impeller. The simulated and measured velocity profiles were compared, and good general agreement between these results was found.
Study of Mutual Separation of Silicon and Quartz Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction (2002)

The objective of this investigation was to separate silicon and silica for recycling by the liquid-liquid separationtechnique. In the preparation of silicon (Si) single crystal, a small amount of silicon is fixed on thesurface of silica (quartz, SiO2) crucible. The used crucible is crushed for recycling both silicon and silicain high purity from the mixed powder. Zeta-potential of silicon and silica are almost the same at pH higherthan 3. Their separation by simple flotation is ruled out. However, their hydrophobic characteristics are differentin several different organic solvent from the measurement of contact angle. Therefore, the liquidliquidextraction is employed to separate silicon and silica. The result indicates that the organic solventmixed with dodecylamine acetate could extracted the silicon powder at high purity (97-100%) with highrecovery from the silica powder in the water phase.
Characteristics of Vasoinhibitory Action of FK 453 (a Pyrazolo-Pyridine Derivative), a New Antihypertensive Agent with Diuretic Action in Isolated Rabbit Aorta (1992)

The vasoinhibitory effect of FK 453 was examined in isolated rabbit aorta. FK 453 inhibited contractile responses to norepinephrine, angiotensin-I and KCl. Pretreatment of the tissue with FK 453 failed to affect the relaxing effect of verapamil on the KCl response and the inhibitory effect of prazosin on the phenylephrine response. FK 453 inhibited both the residual norepinephrine response and the subsequent Ca2+ response in a Ca(2+)-free medium containing EGTA and nifedipine. The inhibitory effect of a combined treatment with either FK 453 plus nitroglycerin or FK 453 plus theophylline, but not with FK 453 plus M & B 22,948 (2-o-propoxyphenyl-8-azapurine-6-one; May & Baker), was much greater than that of any single treatment. Pretreatment with FK 453 also potentiated relaxing effects of nitroglycerin and isoproterenol on the PGF2 alpha response. The effect of a combined treatment with FK 453 plus theophylline, but not with FK 453 plus M & B 22,948, was much greater than that of any single treatment. FK 453 also inhibited the activity of phosphodiesterase from canine aorta to convert cyclic [3H]-GMP and cyclic [3H]-AMP to 5'-GMP and 5'-AMP, respectively. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of FK 453 is not due to inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels or alpha-adrenoceptors, but due to increase in cyclic GMP level.
Histopathologic evidence of reperfusion injury in the large colon of horses after low-flow ischemia (1994)

Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on mucosal architecture were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline values. Systemic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were maintained constant and in a normal physiologic range. Full-thickness biopsy specimens were obtained from the left ventral colon for histomorphologic and morphometric examination at baseline and at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours; additional biopsy specimens were collected at 185, 190, and 195 minutes (corresponding to 5-, 10-, and 15-minute periods of reperfusion in group-3 horses). There were no differences among groups at baseline or across time in group-1 horses for any of the histopathologic variables. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in percentage of surface mucosal disruption, estimated and measured percentage depth of mucosal loss, mucosal hemorrhage, mucosal edema, and cellular debris index during 0 hour to 3 hours, compared with baseline, and from 3 hours to 6 hours, compared with 3 hours in horses of groups 2 and 3. Estimated percentage depth of mucosal loss and cellular debris index were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group-3 horses, compared with group-2 horses during the interval from 3 to 6 hours. There were trends toward greater percentage of surface mucosal disruption and mucosal edema during the early phase of reperfusion (3 to 4 hours) and greater mucosal hemorrhage, measured percentage depth of mucosal loss, and mucosal interstitial-to-crypt ratio during the late phase (4 to 6 hours) of reperfusion in group-3 horses vs group-2 horses. Reestablishment of colonic arterial blood flow after low-flow ischemia caused greater mucosal injury than did a comparable period of continued ischemia. Thus, reperfusion injury was detected in the large colon of horses after low-flow arterial ischemia. The serial mucosal alterations that developed in the colon were comparable in horses of groups 2 and 3; however, reperfusion exacerbated colonic mucosal injury.
A Viterbi-like algorithm with adaptive clustering for channel assignment in cellular radio networks (2002)

A new channel assignment algorithm, called the Viterbi (1967) -like algorithm (VLA), is proposed to solve the channel assignment problem in cellular radio networks. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is step-by-step (sequential) channel assignment with the objectives of minimum bandwidth required at every step, subject to adjacent channel and cochannel separation constraints. The VLA provides the benefits of minimum required bandwidth, stability of solution, and fast execution time. The performance of the VLA is evaluated by computer simulation, applied first to 19 benchmark problems on channel assignment and then applied to study cellular radio network performance. Results from computer simulation studies show that bandwidth requirements by VLA closely match or are sometimes better than those of the existing channel assignment algorithms. Furthermore, it is found that execution of VLA is approximately two times faster than the local search algorithm-the existing channel assignment algorithm with the least bandwidth requirements. The combined advantages of minimum required bandwidth, stability of solution, and fast execution time make the VLA a useful candidate for cellular radio network planning.
Silicon–transition-metal compounds. Part I. Silyltetracarbonylcobalt and related compounds (1969)

Iodosilane and di-iodosilane react with NaCo(CO)4 in ether at low temperatures to give silyltetracarbonylcobalt, SiH3Co(CO)4, and silylenebis(tetracarbonylcobalt), SiH2[Co(CO)4]2, respectively. Physical properties of both compounds are reported, together with i.r., mass, and n.m.r. spectra of SiH3Co(CO)4. Pyrolysis of gaseous SiH3Co(CO)4 at 120° yields H2, CO, SiH4, and a dark-coloured inert solid; some HCo(CO)4 is also present in the early stages. The stoicheiometry and probable cross-linked polymeric nature of the solid product are inferred, and its metal coating properties are outlined. The Si–Co bond in SiH3Co(CO)4 is broken by HX (X = F, Cl, O/2) to give SiH3X and HCo(CO)4, also by HgX2(X = Cl, I) to give SiH3X and Hg[Co(CO)4]2. SiH2[Co(CO)4]2 behaves similarly. No insertion of CO into the Si–Co bond has been achieved; PPh3 reacts slowly with SiH3Co(CO)4 to displace CO and probably yields trans-SiH3Co(CO)3(PPh3). Evidence for dπ–dπ interaction in the silicon–metal bond is discussed.
Polyamine und Polyamin‐Derivate in der Natur (1998)

Abstract Polyamines such as spermidine or spermine and their derivatives–especially those of hydroxycinnamic acids–are well known natural products isolated from human, animals, plants and microorganisms. Although the history of the polyamines already started in 1678, much is still to be discovered: their influence in different processes (cell growth, carcinogenesis, neurotransmission or in plants: flowering, fruit‐ripening, plant‐senescence…) could be demonstrated, bu the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Polyamine derivatives are involved in a growing number of research fields, because they find potential use as biopesticides, in cancer therapy, or for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
All-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid: potent direct inhibitors of primitive murine hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. (1994)

Retinoic acid (RA) stimulates the clonal proliferation of mature bone marrow progenitor cells and inhibits the growth of leukemic progenitors, whereas its effects on normal primitive hematopoietic progenitors have not yet been investigated. This study investigated the ability of all-trans- and 9-cis-RA to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of murine Lin-Sca-1+ bone marrow progenitor cells. Both RA isoforms inhibited in a reversible and dose-dependent fashion, the proliferation of multi- but not single-factor responsive Lin-Sca-1+ progenitor cells. The 50% effective dose was 10 nM for both all-trans- and 9-cis-RA. Maximum inhibition was observed at 100-1,000 nM RA, resulting in a 50-75% reduction in the number of proliferative clones. Lin-Sca-1+ cells with high proliferative potential were preferentially inhibited by RA, resulting in a 80-100% inhibition depending on the hematopoietic growth factors stimulating their growth. The inhibitory effects of RA were directly mediated on the target cell, since the effects were observed at the single cell level. Furthermore, autocrine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) production can probably not account for the observed inhibitory effects of RA, since a TGF-beta neutralizing antibody did not block RA-induced inhibition. Whereas RA, in general, is a differentiation-inducing agent, treatment of Lin-Sca-1+ progenitors resulted in the accumulation of an increased fraction of blasts and immature myeloid cells. Thus, RA inhibits the proliferation as well as differentiation of normal primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Activation of ERBB3 Receptor Prevents TNFα Production from Human Non‐Classical Monocytes (2015)

Immune cells amplify the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Recombinant neuregulin‐1 (NRG1) represents a potential therapy for the treatment of various forms of heart failure. We hypothesized that NRG1, acting via ERBB receptors, inhibits pro‐inflammatory cell activation in CHF. Using flow cytometry, we found that peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) represent a major subpopulation of mononuclear cells expressing both ERBB2 and ERBB3 receptors. A strong inverse correlation was found between expression of ERBB3 and TNF a mRNA in PBMs from patients with heart failure ( r s =‐0.682, p=0.001 ) but not in control subjects ( r s =‐0.042, p=0.886). To determine direct effects of ERBB3 signaling on activation of PBMs we used a model of LPS‐induced TNFa production in ex vivo short‐term culture of PBMs. We found that glial growth factor 2(GGF2; USAN ‐ cimaglermin alfa), NRG1 isoform type II, decreased LPS‐induced TNFa production in CD14 low CD16 + non‐classical monocytes. The inhibitory effect of GGF2 on LPS‐induced TNFa production in CD14 low CD16 + monocytes strongly correlated with the expression of ERBB3 ( r s =0.769, p=0.013). In contrast to non‐classical PBMs, we found no effect of GGF2 in CD14 high CD16 ‐ subset of classical monocytes irrespective of their expression of ERBB3. Taken together, our results suggest that ERBB3 signaling plays an important role in inhibition of TNFa production from CD14 low CD16 + cells. Given that non‐classical monocytes play a central role in initiation of vascular inflammation, the stimulation of ERBB3 signaling in these cells may potentially slow progression of CHF.
Investigation of Dimethyl Carbonate and Propylene Carbonate Mixtures for LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2‐Li4Ti5O12 Cells (2019)

Abstract It has recently been shown that ethylene carbonate (EC) experience poor stability at high potentials in lithium‐ion batteries, and development of electrolytes without EC, not least using ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), has therefore been suggested in order to improve the capacity retention. In this context, we here explore another alternative electrolyte system consisting of propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixtures in NMC‐LTO (LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) cells cycled up to 2.95 V. While PC experience wettability problems and DMC has difficulties dissolving LiPF 6 salt, blends between these could possess complementary properties. The electrolyte blend showed superior cycling performance at sub‐zero temperatures compared to EC‐containing counterparts. At 30 °C, however, the PC‐DMC electrolyte did not show any major improvement in electrochemical properties for the NMC‐LTO cell chemistry. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that thin surface layers were detected on both NMC (622) and LTO electrodes in all investigated electrolytes. The results suggest that both PC and EC will react on the electrodes, but with EC forming thinner layers comprising more carbonates. Moreover, the electrochemical stability at high electrochemical potentials is similar for the studied electrolytes, which is surprising considering that most are free from the reactive EC component.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLISIERUNG UND POLYMERISATION VON HEXIN‐(3) DURCH EINEN ORGANISCHEN NICKEL‐KOMPLEX (1975)

Abstract Der unabhängig von den Aufarbeitungsverfahren (Hydrolyse des Reaktionsprodukts, Hydrolyse nach Rückflußkochen in THF, Abdestillation der flüchtigen Bestandteile und Hydrolyse des Rückstands) gleichbleibende Produktanfall nach der Reaktion von Phenylmagnesiumbromid mit Ni‐Bromid in THF bei ‐60°C unter Stickstoff (gleiche Mengen an Benzol und Biphenyl im Verhältnis 1 : 2) wird der Instabilität eines primär gebildeten Organo‐Ni‐Komplexes zugeschrieben.
Multi-Layer Content Interaction Through Quaternion Product For Visual Question Answering (2020)

Multi-modality fusion technologies have greatly improved the performance of neural network-based Video Description/Caption, Visual Question Answering (VQA) and Audio Visual Scene-aware Dialog (AVSD) over the recent years. Most previous approaches only explore the last layers of multiple layer feature fusion while omitting the importance of intermediate layers. To solve the issue for the intermediate layers, we propose an efficient Quaternion Block Network (QBN) to learn interaction not only for the last layer but also for all intermediate layers simultaneously. In our proposed QBN, we use the holistic text features to guide the update of visual features. In the meantime, Hamilton quaternion products can efficiently perform information flow from higher layers to lower layers for both visual and text modalities. The evaluation results show our QBN improved the performance on VQA 2.0, even though using surpass large scale BERT or visual BERT pre-trained models. Extensive ablation study has been carried out to testify the influence of each proposed module in this study.