gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New drugs and treatment for respiratory syncytial virus (2004)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global health problem affecting infants and the elderly and claiming more lives than AIDS in many parts of the world. Only two antibody drugs are approved for its prevention, and ribavarin, a relatively nonspecific antiviral, is used for treatment. In the mid-1990s, a number of pharmaceutical and biotech companies initiated research programs against RSV. Together, the academic and the industrial R&D covered the whole spectrum of antibodies, vaccines, synthetic small molecule antiviral and antisense technology, and at one point, accounted for at least 25 active R&D programs. However, coincident to the marketing of the monoclonal antibody palivizumab (Synagis) in 1998, a sharp decline in such projects ensued. Many companies recently cancelled RSV projects during a prioritisation of their R&D portfolios although the continuing medical need, large market size and sales projections clearly indicate that a safe and effective RSV drug or vaccine is likely to attain blockbuster status. Today RSV receives an insignificant fraction of the R&D budget compared with AIDS, for example. This article reviews the present status of the anti-RSV regimen, covers drugs in the market and in development, and attempts to link basic research to industrial drug development, animal models of RSV, clinical trials, current clinical management, and present and future market projections. It is hoped that the unmet medical need of the victims of RSV will encourage continued involvement of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry in developing safe and effective prevention and treatments for RSV.
A very large antenna for the 1.8 MHz band (2000)

This article describes a large 1.8 MHz antenna system that generates significantly more forward gain than that produced by commonly-used phased-vertical arrays. It provides coverage of all four azimuthal quadrants, along with a choice of four elevation angles, which may be selected at the turn of a switch.
Gene dosage and genetic background affect miraculin accumulation in transgenic tomato fruits (2010)

Gene dosage and genetic background are factors that influence transgene expression in transgenic plants. In our previous studies, we produced transgenic tomato plants that accumulate miraculin, a taste-modifying protein, in a genetically stable manner. To elucidate the effects of gene dosage and genetic background on miraculin accumulation in transgenic tomato fruits, we generated hybrid tomato lines between the homozygous transgenic line 56B (background cultivar ‘Moneymaker’) and the pure cultivars ‘Micro-Tom,’ ‘Moneymaker,’ ‘Ailsa Craig,’ ‘M82,’ ‘Rutgers’ and ‘Aichi-first’ and analyzed them for miraculin mRNA expression and miraculin protein accumulation. The hybrid lines exhibited variation in their fruit structures. Among the hybrid lines heterozygous for the miraculin gene, miraculin accumulation in the fruits varied from 111.0 μg g−1 fresh weight (FW) to 159.4 μg g−1 FW. Furthermore, the homozygous line 56B showed higher miraculin accumulation and miraculin mRNA expression than the heterozygous line 56B×‘Moneymaker.’ These results demonstrate the profound effects of gene dosage and genetic background on miraculin accumulation in transgenic tomato fruits.
Lipid composition of normal human bone marrow as determined by column chromatography (1962)

The composition of the lipids of normal human bone marrow has been determined. Marrows were obtained post-mortem from the femurs of 12 subjects ranging in age from 1 to 78 years. The total extractable lipid, which varied from 28% to 84% of the tissue wet weight, was composed primarily of neutral lipid. It contained less than 3% of phospholipid and no detectable carbohydrate. The neutral lipid consisted of 96% to 98% triglyceride and minor amounts of free cholesterol and free fatty acids. Fractions representative of hydrocarbons, cholesterol esters, diglycerides, and monoglycerides were not detected. The fatty acids of the triglyceride fraction were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The predominant fatty acids were palmitic and oleic, which accounted for an average of 26% and 46%, respectively, of the total. Myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, and linoleic acids were also present but in smaller amounts.
Generalization of the Normalized Dose-response Gradient to Non-uniform Dose Delivery (2001)

A generalization of the standard dose-response gradient to arbitrarily heterogeneous dose distributions has been developed. The generalized dose-response gradient is the scalar product of the vector representing the dose distribution and the gradient of the dose-response relation with respect to that dose vector. It is shown that, for a tumor, the individual gamma-values for each portion of the tumor divided by the corresponding local tumor control probability should be added to get the total value for the heterogeneously irradiated tumor. This corresponds to summing up the contributions of all tumor volumes so that the total value of the gradient is related to the logarithm of the total tumor clonogen number. General expressions are also derived for the change in the dose-response relation as a function of a change in the delivered dose distribution.
Synthèse de quelques dérivés du tétrahydro-4,5,6,7 benzothiazoline-Δ2α-acétate d'éthyle (1968)

Some derivatives of α-cyano tétrahydro benzothiazoline-Δ 2α -acetic acid and their intermediates are described. The lack of reactivity of this class of compounds and products of treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid have been studied. Assignment of configuration was based on infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopic evidence.
The Likelihood-Ratio Test and Efficient Robust Estimation (2015)

Robust estimation of model parameters in the presence of outliers is a key problem in computer vision. RANSAC inspired techniques are widely used in this context, although their application might be limited due to the need of a priori knowledge on the inlier noise level. We propose a new approach for jointly optimizing over model parameters and the inlier noise level based on the likelihood ratio test. This allows control over the type I error incurred. We also propose an early bailout strategy for efficiency. Tests on both synthetic and real data show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in a fraction of the time.
Combined gene/cell therapies provide long-term and pervasive rescue of multiple pathological symptoms in a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (2015)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The infantile forms manifest with rapid and progressive central and peripheral demyelination, which represent a major hurdle for any treatment approach. We demonstrate here that neonatal lentiviral vector-mediated intracerebral gene therapy (IC GT) or transplantation of GALC-overexpressing neural stem cells (NSC) synergize with bone marrow transplant (BMT) providing dramatic extension of lifespan and global clinical-pathological rescue in a relevant GLD murine model. We show that timely and long-lasting delivery of functional GALC in affected tissues ensured by the exclusive complementary mode of action of the treatments underlies the outstanding benefit. In particular, the contribution of neural stem cell transplantation and IC GT during the early asymptomatic stage of the disease is instrumental to enhance long-term advantage upon BMT. We clarify the input of central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and periphery to the disease, and the relative contribution of treatments to the final therapeutic outcome, with important implications for treatment strategies to be tried in human patients. This study gives proof-of-concept of efficacy, tolerability and clinical relevance of the combined gene/cell therapies proposed here, which may constitute a feasible and effective therapeutic opportunity for children affected by GLD.
USEFULNESS, LENGTH AND CONTENT OF ALCOHOL-RELATED DISCUSSIONS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: THE EXIT POLL SURVEY (2004)

Discussions about alcohol in primary health care were rare and short, but patients' opinions about their usefulness were mainly positive.
The Design and Evaluation of a Vibrotactile Progress Bar (2005)

We present an investigation into the use of Tactons to present progress information. Progress bars are common but must compete for screen space and visual attention with other visual tasks. We created a tactile progress indicator, encoding progress into a series of vibrotactile pulses. An experiment comparing the tactile progress indicator to a standard visual one showed a significant improvement in performance and an overall preference for the tactile display.
Functional divergence between soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologues FT2a and FT5a in post-flowering stem growth (2019)

Genes in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) family integrate external and internal signals to control various aspects of plant development. In soybean (Glycine max), FT2a and FT5a play a major role in floral induction, but their roles in post-flowering reproductive development remain undetermined. Ectopic overexpression analyses revealed that FT2a and FT5a similarly induced flowering, but FT5a was markedly more effective than FT2a for the post-flowering termination of stem growth. The down-regulation of Dt1, a soybean orthologue of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1, in shoot apices in early growing stages of FT5a-overexpressing plants was concomitant with highly up-regulated expression of APETALA1 orthologues. The Dt2 gene, a repressor of Dt1, was up-regulated similarly by the overexpression of FT2a and FT5a, suggesting that it was not involved in the control of stem termination by FT5a. In addition to the previously reported interaction with FDL19, a homologue of the Arabidopsis bZIP protein FD, both FT2a and FT5a interacted with FDL12, but only FT5a interacted with FDL06. Our results suggest that FT2a and FT5a have different functions in the control of post-flowering stem growth. A specific interaction of FT5a with FDL06 may play a key role in determining post-flowering stem growth in soybean.
An Investigation into the Use of Hypermutation as an Adaptive Operator in Genetic Algorithms Having Continuous, Time-Dependent Nonstationary Environments (1990)

Abstract : Previous studies of Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization in nonstationary environments focus on discontinuous, Markovian switching environment. This study introduces the problem of GA optimization in continuous, nonstationary environments where the state of the environment is a function of time. The objective of the GA in such an environment is to select a sequence of values over time that minimize, or maximize, the time-average of the environmental evaluations. In this preliminary study, we explore the use of mutation as a control strategy for having the GA increase or maintain the time- average best-of-generation performance. Given this context, the paper presents a set of short experiments using a simple, unimodal function. Each generation, the domain value mapping into the optimum changes so that the movement follows a sinusoidal path. In one of the experiments, we demonstrate the use of a simple adaptive mutation operator. During periods where the time-averaged best performance of the GA worsens, the GA enters hypermutation (a large increase in mutation); otherwise, the GA maintains a low level of mutation. (kr)
Stereocomplex formation between enantiomeric PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymers: Characterization and use as protein-delivery microparticulate carriers (2000)

Two enantiomeric triblock ABA copolymers composed of poly(L-lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L-lactide) (PLLA–PEG–PLLA) and poly(D-lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(D-lactide) (PDLA–PEG–PDLA) were synthesized with two different middle-block PEG chain lengths by ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide and D-lactide in the presence of PEG, respectively. A pair of enantiomeric triblock copolymers were combined to form a stereocomplex by a solvent-casting method. The triblock copolymers and their stereocomplexes were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Their crystalline structures and crystalline melting behaviors were analyzed by the wide-angle X-ray diffraction method and differential scanning calorimetry. The stereocomplex formed between a pair of enantiomeric triblock copolymers exhibited a higher crystalline melting temperature with a distinctive 3/1 helical crystalline structure. PLLA–PEG–PLLA and its stereocomplex with PDLA–PEG–PDLA were used to fabricate a series of microspheres encapsulating a model protein drug, bovine serum albumin (BSA). They were prepared by a double-emulsion solvent-evaporation method. The morphological aspects of the microspheres were characterized and BSA release profiles from them were investigated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1615–1623, 2000
Identification of Glutathione as a Driving Force and Leukotriene C4 as a Substrate for oatp1, the Hepatic Sinusoidal Organic Solute Transporter (1998)

oatp1 is an hepatic sinusoidal organic anion transporter that mediates uptake of various structurally unrelated organic compounds from blood. The driving force for uptake on oatp1 has not been identified, although a role for bicarbonate has recently been proposed. The present study examined whether oatp1-mediated uptake is energized by efflux (countertransport) of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), and whether hydrophobic glutathione S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-dinitrophenyl glutathione (DNP-SG) form a novel class of substrates for oatp1. Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with the complementary RNA for oapt1 demonstrated higher uptake of 10 nM [3H]LTC4 and 50 microM [3H]DNP-SG, and higher efflux of [3H]GSH (2.5 mM endogenous intracellular GSH concentration). The oatp1-stimulated LTC4 and DNP-SG uptake was independent of the Na+ gradient, cis-inhibited by known substrates of this transport protein and by 1 mM GSH, and was saturable, with apparent Km values of 0.27 +/- 0.06 and 408 +/- 95 microM, respectively. Uptake of [3H]taurocholate, an endogenous substrate of oatp1, was competitively inhibited by DNP-SG. Of significance, oatp1-mediated taurocholate and LTC4 uptake was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, and [3H]GSH efflux was enhanced in the presence of extracellular taurocholate or sulfobromophthalein, indicating that GSH efflux down its large electrochemical gradient provides the driving force for uptake via oatp1. The stoichiometry of GSH/taurocholate exchange was 1:1. These findings identify a new class of substrates for oatp1 and provide evidence for GSH-dependent oatp1-mediated substrate transport.
BOOSTING ROBUSTNESS OF A NAMED ENTITY RECOGNIZER (2009)

Since the Message Understanding Conferences on Information Extraction in the 80's and 90's, Named Entity ReCognition (NERC) is a well-established task in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. However, very different systems seem to perform very similarly when applied to the same corpus. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art NERC system. This tool is a hybrid system, based on different resources and techniques. We then propose a protocol to "deconstruct" and evaluate the different components of a complex named entity recognition system. We examine the performance of such a system with learning capacities and reduced initial knowledge on medium-size unlabelled corpora.
Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization: A Versatile Tool for the Engineering of Next Generation Materials (2020)

Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization technique (RDRP) that facilitates the synthesis of well-defined and complex macromolecular architectures, with low polymer dispersity and high chain end homogeneity. NMP is an industrially robust technique that is inherently simple, often only requiring a single unimolecular initiator with a monomer to perform the polymerization, followed by a simple precipitation/filtration to workup the final product. Unlike other RDRP techniques, NMP provides clean well-defined polymers, without the need for transition metal complexes, which is favorable for some sensitive biological and electronic applications. This Review focuses on the use of these engineered polymers, synthesized by NMP, in emerging applications, such as next-generation lithium batteries, organic electronics, drug delivery systems, biosourced materials, photolithography, and photopolymerization. Emphasis is placed on publications since 2015.
Temperature effects on rates of dehalogenation of aromatic anion radicals (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemperature effects on rates of dehalogenation of aromatic anion radicalsM. Meot-Ner, P. Neta, Robert K. Norris, and Karen WilsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 1, 168–173Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100273a038https://doi.org/10.1021/j100273a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
PARP-1 and PARP-2: New players in tumour development. (2011)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and PARP-2 belong to a family of enzymes that, using NAD(+) as a substrate, catalyze poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins. PARP-1 and PARP-2 catalytic activity is stimulated by DNA-strand breaks targeting mainly proteins involved in chromatin structure and DNA metabolism, providing strong support for a dual role of both PARP-1 and PARP-2 in the DNA damage response as DNA damage sensors and signal transducers to downstream effectors. The DNA damage response has important consequences for genomic stability and tumour development. In order to manipulate DNA damage responses to selectively induce tumour cell death, a considerable effort is centred on defining the molecular mechanisms that allow cells to detect, respond to, and repair DNA damage. PARP inhibitors that compete with NAD+ at the highly conserved enzyme active site are arisen as new potential therapeutic strategies as chemo- and radiopotentiation and for the treatment of cancers with specific DNA repair defects as single-agent therapies. In the present review, we highlight emerging information about the redundant and specific functions of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in genome surveillance and DNA repair pathways. Understanding these roles might provide invaluable clues to design new cancer therapeutic approaches. In addition, we provide an overview of ongoing clinical trials with PARP inhibitors and the value of PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression as prognostic biomarkers in cancer.
IP Traffic Flow Security YANG Module (1999)

This document describes a yang module for the management of IP Traffic
Flow Security additions to IKEv2 and IPsec.
Aortic aneurysm in Erdheim’s idiopathic cystic medial necrosis in autopsy and forensic medical practice (2016)

The main histopathological signs of aortic aneurysm in Erdheim's idiopathic cystic medial necrosis were presented; structural changes in the primary components of the aortic wall were characterized; the cells of an inflammatory infiltrate were investigated; and the formulation of autopsy and forensic medical diagnoses was proposed.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (2006)

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an allergy-based disorder. It presents commonly in adults as long standing dysphagia, sometimes with food impaction. Radiography is useful but will miss subtle signs of eosinophilic esophagitis. Treatment options are limited to steroid formulations or avoidance of food allergens though compliance, particularly with elemental formulas, remains problematic.
THE EFFECTS OF TYROSINE AND OTHER NUTRIENTS ON NEUROTRANSMITTER SYNTHESIS IN THE BRAIN AND RETINA (1982)

GIBSON, CANDACE J. PhD; WATKINS, CAROL J. MS; WURTMAN, RICHARD J. MD Author Information
Journal: Du Voyage des Indes Orientales et Relation: De ce qui est arrive dans le royaume de siam en 1688 (2000)

Robert Challe, reconnu d'abord comme le fondateur du roman moderne grâce a ses Illustres Francaises, puis comme le temoin exemplaire de la crise de conscience europeenne, precurseur de Voltaire et de Rousseau, par ses Difficultes sur la religion proposees au pere Malebranche, est aussi le grand reporter de ses voyages aventureux en Amerique et aux Indes, ce qu'illustre le manuscrit autographe de son Journal du Voyage des Indes Orientales, recemment decouvert et edite pour la premiere fois. Ce Journal “primitif” redige au jour le jour sur le navire meme pendant 18 mois (1690-91), permet de mesurer la distance qui separe les impressions vecues dans l'instant de la mise en œuvre litteraire du meme Journal, trente ans plus tard, en 1721. Ce n'est pas seulement l'evolution d'un homme, mais celle d'une epoque qui s'inscrit entre les deux versions.
Accompagnee d'une Relation de la revolution de Siam, egalement inedite et de la meme main, le Journal du voyage aux Indes a Pierre Raymond devient un classique de la litterature des voyages, comme les autres œuvres de Challe sont chacune dans leur genre des modeles inattendus de la modernite.