gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structured abbreviation expansion in context (2021)

Ad hoc abbreviations are commonly found in informal communication channels that favor shorter messages. We consider the task of reversing these abbreviations in context to recover normalized, expanded versions of abbreviated messages. The problem is related to, but distinct from, spelling correction, in that ad hoc abbreviations are intentional and may involve substantial differences from the original words. Ad hoc abbreviations are productively generated on-the-fly, so they cannot be resolved solely by dictionary lookup. We generate a large, open-source data set of ad hoc abbreviations. This data is used to study abbreviation strategies and to develop two strong baselines for abbreviation expansion.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a Pretreatment System for Removing Organics from Produced Water (2011)

Co-produced water from the oil and gas industry accounts for a significant waste stream in the United States. This "produced water" is characterized by saline water containing a variety of pollutants, including water soluble and immiscible organics and many inorganic species. To reuse produced water, removal of both the inorganic dissolved solids and organic compounds is necessary. In this research, the effectiveness of a pretreatment system consisting of surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) adsorption followed by a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was evaluated for simultaneous removal of carboxylates and hazardous substances, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) from saline-produced water. A laboratory-scale MBR, operated at a 9.6-hour hydraulic residence time, degraded 92% of the carboxylates present in synthetic produced water. When BTEX was introduced simultaneously to the MBR system with the carboxylates, the system achieved 80 to 95% removal of BTEX via biodegradation. These results suggest that simultaneous biodegradation of both BTEX and carboxylate constituents found in produced water is possible. A field test conducted at a produced water disposal facility in Farmington, New Mexico confirmed the laboratory-scale results for the MBR and demonstrated enhanced removal of BTEX using a treatment train consisting of SMZ columns followed by the MBR. While most of the BTEX constituents of the produced water adsorbed onto the SMZ adsorption system, approximately 95% of the BTEX that penetrated the SMZ and entered the MBR was biodegraded in the MBR. Removal rates of acetate (influent concentrations of 120 to 170 mg/L) ranged from 91 to 100%, and total organic carbon (influent concentrations as high as 580 mg/L) ranged from 74 to 92%, respectively. Organic removal in the MBR was accomplished at a low biomass concentration of 1 g/L throughout the field trial. While the transmembrane pressure during the laboratory-scale tests was well-controlled, it rose substantially during the field test, where no pH control was implemented. The results suggest that pretreatment with an SMZ/MBR system can provide substantial removal of organic compounds present in produced water, a necessary first step for many water-reuse applications.
Surface morphology in InAs/GaAs(111)A heteroepitaxy: Experimental measurements and computer simulations (1999)

The surface morphology of InAs films grown on GaAs(111)A has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. The vertical surface displacement on the InAs films has been found to depend on the underlying GaAs buffer layer thickness: specifically, thin GaAs layers are observed to behave mechanically similar to compliant substrates. Atomistic simulations within a valence force field model have been used to compare quantitatively how the InAs surface morphology depends on film thickness and the underlying GaAs layer thickness. The experimental and theoretical results are in excellent agreement over a range of film thicknesses where the misfit dislocation network at the semicoherent InAs/GaAs interface is fully developed.
Synthesis of Thiol-Derivatized Europium Porphyrinic Triple-Decker Sandwich Complexes for Multibit Molecular Information Storage (2000)

The storage of multiple bits of information at the molecular level requires molecules with a large number of distinct oxidation states. Lanthanide triple-decker sandwich molecules employing porphyrins and phthalocyanines afford four cationic states and are very attractive for molecular information storage applications. Five triple-decker building blocks have been prepared of the type (phthalocyanine)Eu(phthalocyanine)Eu(porphyrin), each bearing one iodo, one ethyne, or one iodo and one ethyne group attached to the porphyrin unit. Two triple-decker building blocks with different oxidation potentials were derivatized with an S-acetylthiophenyl unit for attachment to an electroactive surface. To explore the preparation of arrays comprised of triple deckers, which may lead to the storage of a larger number of bits, two types of dyads of triple deckers were prepared. An ethyne-linked dyad of triple deckers bearing one S-acetylthiophenyl unit was prepared via repetitive Sonogashira couplings, and a butadiyne-linked dyad was prepared via a modified Glaser coupling. The triple deckers were characterized by absorption spectroscopy, laser-desorption mass spectrometry, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The thiol-derivatized triple deckers form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold via in situ cleavage of the thiol protecting group. The SAM of each array is electrochemically robust and exhibits three well-resolved, reversible oxidation waves. These electrochemical characteristics indicate that these types of molecules are well suited for storing multiple bits of information.
Quantities and characteristics of commercial alpha contaminated solid wastes in the U. S. (1974)

To date, most alpha-contaminated wastes have been generated in Atomic Energy Commission facilities.With the advent of a rapidly growing nuclear power industry, however, this situation has changed markedly; and within a few years, commercial operations will represent the most significant source of these wastes.Analyses are being made of the current waste generation rates and projected trends for fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing, and reactor operations.Data regarding the volumes and plutonium content of the various waste streams, together with pertinent information concerning their physical and chemical characteristics and point of origin in the processing operations, will be compiled.The information will provide the background which is essential for the following assessments: 1) establishing areas wherein process changes could lead to an improvement in terms of reduced volume and/or plutonium content of the waste, and 2) defining areas wherein research and development are required for improved waste treatment.Studies of this nature have been started.
The Case for High Level Programming Models for Reconfigurable Computers. (2006)

In this paper we first outline and discuss the issues of currently accepted computational models for hybrid CPU/FPGA systems. Then, we discuss the need for researchers to develop new high-level programming models, and not just focus on extensions to programming languages, for enabling accessibility and portability of standard high level applications across the CPU/FPGA boundary. We then present hthreads, a unifying programming model for specifying application threads running within a hybrid CPU/FPGA system. Threads are specified from a single pthreads (POSIX threads) multithreaded application program and compiled to run on the CPU or synthesized to run on the FPGA. The hthreads system, in general, is unique within the reconfigurable computing community as it abstracts the CPU/FPGA components into a unified custom threaded multiprocessor architecture platform. A hardware thread interface (HWTI) component has been developed that provides an abstract, platform-independent compilation target. Thus, the HWTI enables the use of standard thread communication and synchronization operations across the software/hardware boundary.
Combined Antitumor Therapy with Metronomic Topotecan and Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug, Evofosfamide, in Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Preclinical Models (2015)

Evofosfamide shows antitumor effects in neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts. Compared with single-agent, evofosfamide/topotecan, combined therapy improves tumor response, delays tumor relapse, and enhances animal survival in preclinical tumor models. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2697-708. ©2015 AACR.
Development of the earth-moon system with implications for the geology of the early earth (1976)

Established facts regarding the basic features of the earth and the moon are reviewed, and some important problems involving the moon are discussed (extent of melting, time of crustal differentiation and nature of bombardment, bulk chemical composition, and nature and source of mare basins), with attention given to the various existing theories concerning these problems. Models of the development of the earth-moon system from the solar nebula are examined, with particular attention focused on those that use the concept of capture with disintegration. Impact processes in the early crust of the earth are briefly considered, with attention paid to Green's (1972) suggestion that Archaean greenstone belts may be the terrestrial equivalent of lunar maria.
Pharmacokinetics of Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 in man Measured by Cytochemical Bioassay and Radioimmunoassay (1985)

Synthetic human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) 1-34 was given by intravenous injection to two healthy men. The time course of its appearance in and disappearance from the plasma was monitored both by cytochemical bioassay and by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) system. Immunoreactive N-region parathyroid hormone (iPTH) reached peak concentrations in plasma at 2 min after injection, whereas peak concentrations of biologically active parathyroid hormone (bioPTH) were delayed until 4-6 min. Bioassayable PTH-like activity then disappeared from the plasma (mean transit times 5.8 and 8.6 min), approximately twice as fast as immuno-reactivity. After separate subcutaneous administrations, a calculated 22-37% of administered hPTH 1-34 was subsequently detected in the plasma, by both assay systems. It was not possible to explain fully the non-parallel appearances of bio- and immuno-reactivities in the plasma after intravenous injection nor the non-parallel disappearances after both intravenous and subcutaneous injections on the basis of the present data. It seems likely, however, that in the process of biological degradation the immuno-reactive locus is inactivated by a different reaction from that which destroys bioactivity. To investigate these activity dissociations further will require the application of micro-fractionation procedures in conjunction with both types of assay system.
Kesan Pengudaraan dan Pencairan ke Atas Penghasilan Bioetanol Secara Selanjar dalam Bioreaktor Padat oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Effect of Aeration and Dilution on Continuous Bioethanol Production in a Packed-bed Bioreactor by Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (2010)

Stability of cell growth was achieved continuously at a steady state in a packed-bed bioreactor. The highest productivity of ethanol was achieved (0.02 g/L/h) when 0.003 vvm was employed. The productivity of bioethanol increases when dilution rate increases. The highest production of 0.037 g/L/h was recorded when the dilution rate (D) was at 0.05 per hour. The production of bioethanol was sucessfully maintained in a non 100% anaerobic condition. The best aeration for the continous production of bioethanol in a condition of steady state growth was at an aeration rate of 0.003 vvm.
Intraperitoneal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Dynamic Migration of Gr-1 high Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in the (2004)

Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 g) in mice resulted in the disappearance of almost all proteose peptone-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with high-level fluorescence for the cell surface marker Gr-1 (Gr-1 high ) at 15 min postinjection, followed by doubling of their proportion at 30 min postinjection. High staining levels of 3-acetyl-2-carboxyl-6,7-(dihyropyran-2-one)-5 or 6-carboxyfluorescein diacethoxylmethyl ester-labeled PMNs injected into the peritoneal cavity were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes 15 min postinjection of LPS. Therefore, the time of decrease of Gr-1 high PMNs coincided with that of the increase in cell accumulation in mesenteric lymph nodes. Since milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), which is secreted by macrophages, bound many PMNs exhibiting Gr-1 high and Gr-1 medium at 30 min postinjection of LPS, the staining level of annexin V on those cells was very low because its binding site is the same as the receptor for MFG-E8. At 60 min postinjection of LPS, the proportion of Gr-1 high PMNs decreased, and almost all Gr-1 medium PMNs tended to shift to the right compared with those at 30 min postinjection. The geomeans of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression on PMNs at 15, 30, and 60 min postinjection of LPS were 63, 66, and 24%, respectively, compared with that on normal PMNs, indicating that the expression of TLR4 decreases in response to exposure to LPS. Our results suggest that LPS induced PMN death and that many PMNs expressing Gr-1 high undergo apoptosis 180 min postinjection of LPS. The toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are mediated by endogenous cytokines and other mediators released by LPSactivated host cells, such as macrophages. Recent studies suggest that the administration of LPS initiates the production and release of various cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and gamma inter
Detection and Characterization of Bovine Coronaviruses in Fecal Specimens of Adult Cattle with Diarrhea during the Warmer Seasons (2006)

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an etiological agent associated with winter dysentery (WD), prevalent in adult cattle during the winter. Although we previously detected, isolated, and characterized BCoV strains from adult cattle with WD (WD-BCoV strains) during the winter in South Korea, the precise epidemiology, as well as the causative agent of diarrhea in adult cattle in the warmer seasons, has not been examined. We examined 184 diarrheic fecal specimens collected from 75 herds of adult cattle from seven provinces during the spring (warm), autumn (warm), and summer (hot) seasons. Bovine coronavirus-positive reactions were detected for 107 (58.2%) diarrheic fecal samples (in 47/75 herds). Of these 107 positive samples, 90 fecal samples from 33 herds tested positive for BCoV alone and 17 fecal samples from 14 herds also tested positive for other pathogens. Biological comparisons between the 9 BCoV strains isolated in this study and the 10 previously isolated WD-BCoV strains revealed that there was no receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) activity against mouse erythrocytes in the 9 BCoV strains but the 10 WD-BCoV strains had high RDE activity. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike (S) and hemagglutinin/esterase (HE) proteins revealed that all the Korean BCoVs clustered together regardless of season and were distinct from the other known BCoVs, suggesting a distinct evolutionary pathway for the Korean BCoVs. These and previous results revealed a high prevalence and widespread geographical distribution of BCoV, suggesting that this virus is endemic in adult cattle with diarrhea in all seasons in South Korea.
Supplemental material for the note Job et al., 2016, 2(7), 1-37 (2016)

Supplemental material for the note Job et al., 2016, 2(7), 1-37
Tonminerale und Tone (1993)

Die Tonminerale heben sich durch eine Vielfalt von Reaktionen von allen anderen Mineralen und anorganischen Feststoffen abo Als wichtigste Bestandteile der Tone verleihen sie diesen die besonderen Eigenschaften, die die Menschen in ihren frfiheren Kulturen als Bau-und Gefrulmaterial auszunutzen wuBten. Heute haben die Tonminerale als preiswertes und in groBen Mengen zur VerfUgung stehendes Roh~ material ffir viele industrielle Zweige immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen.
Technology of Functional Cereal Products (2007)

Consumers and functional cereal products p.Why is it important to understand consumer perceptions?p.Consumption of grain-based foods p.Perceived barriers to eating wholegrain products p.Interventions to increase intake of grain-based foods p.
Medical Device Design Practitioner Strategies for Prototype-Centered Front-End Design Stakeholder Engagements in Low-Resource Settings (2019)

Abstract Prototypes have the potential to provoke discussion and to encourage stakeholders to play an active role during design engagements in the front-end phases of a design process. However, detailed descriptions of stakeholder engagement strategies in front-end design are lacking. The aim of this research study was to understand how design practitioners prepare and manage stakeholders for engagements involving prototypes in the front-end phases of a medical device design process. Design practitioners at companies developing mechanical and electromechanical medical devices for use in low- and middle-income countries were interviewed following a semi-structured interview guide. Interview transcripts were analysed, and inductive codes were developed. The findings suggest that design practitioners manage the group composition of stakeholders, review the project and prototype(s) with stakeholders at the start of the engagement, and show the progress of prototypes to stakeholders over multiple engagements. These strategies shed light on the importance of handling interpersonal relationships during stakeholder engagement with prototypes.
Regulatory T Cells Selectively Express Toll-like Receptors and Are Activated by Lipopolysaccharide (2003)

Regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg) control inflammatory reactions to commensal bacteria and opportunist pathogens. Activation of Treg functions during these processes might be mediated by host-derived proinflammatory molecules or directly by bacterial products. We tested the hypothesis that engagement of germline-encoded receptors expressed by Treg participate in the triggering of their function. We report that the subset of CD4 cells known to exert regulatory functions in vivo (CD45RB(low) CD25(+)) selectively express Toll-like receptors (TLR)-4, -5, -7, and -8. Exposure of CD4(+) CD25(+) cells to the TLR-4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces up-regulation of several activation markers and enhances their survival/proliferation. This proliferative response does not require antigen-presenting cells and is augmented by T cell receptor triggering and interleukin 2 stimulation. Most importantly, LPS treatment increases CD4(+) CD25(+) cell suppressor efficiency by 10-fold and reveals suppressive activity in the CD4(+) CD45RB(low) CD25(-) subset that when tested ex-vivo, scores negative. Moreover, LPS-activated Treg efficiently control naive CD4 T cell-dependent wasting disease. These findings provide the first evidence that Treg respond directly to proinflammatory bacterial products, a mechanism that likely contributes to the control of inflammatory responses.
Facial nerve preservation after vestibular schwannoma Gamma Knife radiosurgery (2009)

Our analysis of case series data aggregated from multiple centers suggests that a facial nerve preservation rate of 96.2% can be expected after Gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma. Younger patients with smaller tumors less than 1.5 cm(3) and treated with lower doses of radiation less than 13 Gy will likely have better facial nerve preservation rates after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma.
Bioactive TGF‐β can associate with lipoproteins and is enriched in those containing apolipoprotein E3 (2009)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) has central functions in development, tissue maintenance, and repair and has been implicated in major diseases. We discovered that TGF-beta1 contains several amphipathic helices and hydrophobic domains similar to apolipoprotein E (apoE), a protein involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Indeed, TGF-beta1 associates with lipoproteins isolated from human plasma, cultured liver cells, or astrocytes, and its bioactivity was highest in high-density lipoprotein preparations. Importantly, lipoproteins containing the apoE3 isoform had higher TGF-beta levels and bioactivity than those containing apoE4, a major genetic risk factor for atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Because TGF-beta1 can be protective in these diseases an association with apoE3 may be beneficial. Association of TGF-beta with different types of lipoproteins may facilitate its diffusion, regulate signaling, and offer additional specificity for this important growth factor.
In Vitro Propagation of Syringa vulgaris ‘Vesper’ (1983)

Abstract Explants of actively growing shoot tips from greenhouse-grown plants of ‘Vesper’ lilac ( Syringa vulgaris L.) initiated new shoots in 2–4 weeks on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium plus 0.1 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and either 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA). These shoots were transferred for multiplication to the same medium but with 7.5 mg/liter BA and 0.1 mg/liter β-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). In 5–6 weeks about 6 shoots, 12–15 mm in length, had been produced per explant. There was no increase in the number of shoots by placing them in either a horizontal or inverted position compared to upright. Although excised shoots would root in vitro , rooting was more successful in vermiculite in a plastic-covered flat.
HEVC Inter Coding using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks and Artificial Reference Pictures (2019)

The efficiency of motion compensated prediction in modern video codecs highly depends on the available reference pictures. Occlusions and non-linear motion pose challenges for the motion compensation and often result in high bit rates for the prediction error. We propose the generation of artificial reference pictures using deep recurrent neural networks. Conceptually, a reference picture at the time instance of the currently coded picture is generated from previously reconstructed conventional reference pictures. Based on these artificial reference pictures, we propose a complete coding pipeline based on HEVC. By using the artificial reference pictures for motion compensated prediction, average BD-rate gains of 1.5% over HEVC are achieved.
Comparative morphometry of the nasal cavity in rats and mice. (1982)

The distribution of the various epithelial types lining the nasal cavity in normal 7 and 16 weeks old male Fischer-344 rats and male B6C3F1 mice has been mapped at the light microscopic level. Photographs of transverse sections of the nose were analysed using a Zeiss Videoplan computerized image analysis system programmed for measurement and evaluation of count, area, perimeter and length. In rats, the volumes of the nasal cavity at 7 and 16 weeks are 156 and 257 mm3 respectively; while in mice the nasal cavity volume is essentially the same (32 . 5 and 31 . 5 mm3) at the same two ages. Total surface areas of the nasal cavity in rats at 7 and 16 weeks are 799 and 1344 mm2 respectively; and in mice 278 and 289 mm2. The percentages of the nasal cavity surface lined by squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelium are similar at both ages in both species. Applications and significance of these data are discussed.
Estimating Parameters for Rates of CO Poisoning and Recovery in a PEMFC Using a Pt/Ru-C Anode (2004)

Abstract : A study of the effects of cell temperature and pressure on anode polarization was achieved in this paper. A Langmuir and Temkin isotherm was used to study the CO adsorption equilibrium and the Heyrowski-Volmer mechanism for H2 oxidation on a Pt/Ru-C catalyst. The anode overpotential curves were separated into four regions so that the adsorption rate constant for H2 on Pt/Ru-C alloy could be determined. This separation allowed for the generation of a CO isotherm and it provided Langmuir parameters to describe the CO adsorption equilibrium as a function of temperature and pressure.