gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-Transfer Kinetics and Electric Double Layer Effects in Nanometer-Wide Thin-Layer Cells (2014)

Redox cycling in nanometer-wide thin-layer cells holds great promise in ultrasensitive voltammetric detection and in probing fast heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetics. Quantitative understanding of the influence of the nanometer gap distance on the redox processes in the thin-layer cells is of crucial importance for reliable data analysis. We present theoretical consideration on the voltammetric behaviors associated with redox cycling of electroactive molecules between two electrodes separated by nanometer widths. Emphasis is placed on the weakness of the commonly used Butler-Volmer theory and the classic Marcus-Hush theory in describing the electrochemical heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetics at potentials significantly removed from the formal potential of redox moieties and, in addition, the effect of the electric-double-layer on the electron-transfer kinetics and mass transport dynamics of charged redox species. The steady-state voltammetric responses, obtained by using the Butler-Volmer and Marcus-Hush models and that predicted by the more realistic electron-transfer kinetics formulism, which is based on the alignments of the density of states between the electrode continuum and the Gaussian distribution of redox agents, and by inclusion of the electric-double-layer effect, are compared through systematic finite element simulations. The effect of the gap width between the electrodes, the standard rate constant and reorganization energy for the electron-transfer reactions, and the charges of the redox moieties are considered. On the basis of the simulation results, the reliability of the conventional voltammetric analysis based on the Butler-Volmer kinetic model and diffusion transport equations is discussed for nanometer-wide thin-layer cells.
Micro to nanometric optical imaging resolution to ascertain antibiotic target localisation : why are these antimicrobial not effective ? (2016)

International audience
The Roodekrans Trial Sections: The Role of Structural Support under Very Thin Jointed and CRC Pavements subjected to Heavy Traffic. (2025)

The Roodekrans trial sections were constructed to evaluate the effect of aggregate interlock, dowels, continuous reinforcement and various supporting layers on the relative performance of very thin concrete pavements. The sections were constructed on the exit road from a quarry and have successfully sustained 400000 equivalent 80 kN axle loads to date. The concrete pavement thickness varied from 50mm to 140mm and the base support consisted of either a natural or stabilized gravel layer 100mm thick, or in some cases, thin asphalt between the stabilized base and slab. After 2 years of heavy truck traffic, a panel of 30 experienced roadengineers visually evaluated performance and found the role played by the support conditions to be crucial for the performance of the road. This paper summarizes the design and construction of the 10 sections and discusses their performance with specific reference to the role that the support conditions played in the good performance achieved. The findings of the reviewers are first discussed to obtain a viewpoint on the performance of the sections, followed by an analytical evaluation of the sections to arrive at some mechanistic explanations for the good performance of the sections. The data obtained from these sections have been used in upgrading the mechanistically based design program, cncPave, that has been developed in South Africa.
Methods for microRNA profiling and discovery using massively parallel sequencing (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important, albeit poorly characterized, regulators of gene expression. Here, I review the current knowledge of miRNAs in humans, including their biogenesis, modes of action and various methods for studying them. To fully elucidate the various functions of miRNAs in humans, we require a more complete understanding of their numbers and expression changes amongst different cell types. This document includes a description of a new method for surveying the expression of miRNAs that employs the new Illumina sequencing technology. A set of methods is presented that enables identification of sequences belonging to known miRNAs as well as variability in their mature sequences. As well, a novel system for miRNA gene discovery using these data is described. Application of this approach to RNA from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) obtained before and after differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs) revealed the sequences and expression levels of 362 known plus 170 novel miRNA genes. Of these, 190 known and 31 novel microRNA sequences exhibited significant expression differences between these two developmental states. Owing to the increased number of sequence reads, these libraries currently represent the deepest miRNA sampling in any human cell type spanning nearly six orders of magnitude of expression. Predicted targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs were ranked to identify those that are likely under cooperative miRNA regulation in either hESCs or EBs. The predicted targets of those miRNAs enriched in either sample shared common features. Included amongst the high-ranked predicted gene targets are those implicated in differentiation, cell cycle control, programmed cell death and transcriptional regulation. Direct validation of these predicted targets or global discovery of miRNA targets should reveal the functions of these sequences in the differentiation of hESCs.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to novikoff hepatoma cytokeratin antigen p39. (1984)

Three stable monoclonal antibody-producing mouse hybridoma lines have been developed which produce high-titer, immunoglobulin M antibodies specific for the Novikoff ascites hepatoma (NAH) Mr 39,000 cytokeratin antigen (p39). Immunotransfer assays of cytoskeletal protein-enriched fractions indicated p39 to be present in a range of rat tissues, including colon, breast, lung, and uterus. Two-dimensional gel immunoblots confirmed that immunoreactivity in the latter tissues was for polypeptides with similar isoelectric points to those of NAH p39; however, reactivity in the colon contained a wide range of additional isomeric forms. Immunohistochemical localization studies with these antibodies revealed enrichment of p39 in the simple epithelia or ductular structures of organs containing this antigen. In all sections examined, glandular epithelia were observed to be only weakly immunoreactive. Additional immunoblot and immunocytochemical analyses with the monoclonal antibodies and polyspecific antisera to NAH cytokeratin suggest the human Mr 40,000 cytokeratin to be similar to but not identical to NAH p39.
The effect of the composition and pressure on the phase stability and electronic, magnetic, and elastic properties of M2AX (M = Mn, Fe; A = Al, Ga, Si, Ge; X = C, N) phases (2021)

The magnetic properties of M<sub>2</sub>AX (M = Mn, Fe; A = Al, Ga, Si, Ge; X = C, N) phases were studied within DFT-GGA. The magnetic electronic ground state is determined. The investigation of the phase stability of M<sub>2</sub>AX phases is performed by comparing the total energy of MAX phases to that of the set of competitive phases for calculation of the phase formation enthalpy. As the result of such an approach, we have found one stable compound (Mn<sub>2</sub>GaC), and seven metastable ones. It is shown that several metastable MAX phases (Mn<sub>2</sub>AlC, Fe<sub>2</sub>GaC, Mn<sub>2</sub>GeC, and Mn<sub>2</sub>GeN) become stable at a small applied pressure (1.5-7 GPa). The mechanical, electronic and elastic properties of metastable MAX phases are studied.
Construction of Spores for Portable Bacterial Whole-Cell Biosensing Systems (2007)

Whole-cell sensing systems based on living genetically engineered bacteria are known to have high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. Although these systems have found applications in biomedical and environmental analyses, their limited shelf life and transportability still restrict their use for on-site monitoring of analytes. To that end, we have developed a new method for the long-term preservation, storage, and transport of whole-cell biosensing systems that is based on bacterial spores, a dormant form of life. Specifically, we have employed spore-forming bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium for development of luminescent sensing systems for two model analytes, namely, arsenic and zinc. These sensing cells were converted to spores, which can then be "revived" (germinated) at a later time to generate viable and metabolically active cells. Herein, we demonstrate that these spore-based sensing systems retained their analytical performance, in terms of detection limit, dynamic range, and reproducibility, after storage at room temperature for at least 6 and 8 months, respectively, as well as after three cycles where the cells alternated between being dormant or active, i.e., sporulation-germination cycles. The ability to cycle the sensing cells between active and dormant states prolongs the cell's lifetimes and increases their robustness and ruggedness, thus making them more amenable for field applications. In addition, the small size of spores allows for their easy transport and incorporation in miniaturized portable devices. Finally, we envision that this novel strategy could expand the use of whole-cell biosensors for on-site sensing not only in mild environments but also in harsh environments and locations where there is no easy access to a laboratory, e.g., in developing countries.
A Molecular-Level Landscape of Diet-Gut Microbiome Interactions: Toward Dietary Interventions Targeting Bacterial Genes (2015)

It is a general belief that microbiome-derived drugs and therapies will come to the market in coming years, either in the form of molecules that mimic a beneficial interaction between bacteria and host or molecules that disturb a harmful interaction or proteins that can modify the microbiome or bacterial species to change the balance of "good" and "bad" bacteria in the gut microbiome. However, among the numerous factors, what has proven the most influential for modulating the microbial composition of the gut is diet. In line with this, we demonstrate here that a systematic analysis of the interactions between the small molecules present in our diet and the gut bacterial proteome holds great potential for designing dietary interventions to improve human health.
Recovering 3D wide range human motions employing mobile cameras (2003)

Three-dimensional modeling of human motions is required in various fields such as virtual reality, video game producing, sport analysis, etc. This paper describes a technique for recovering three-dimensional wide range human motions by uncalibrated mobile cameras. In the proposed system, three video cameras mounted on a mobile frame track and capture a subject's motion from three different directions. Feature point coordinates taken in the video images are registered in an extended measurement matrix. Since the frame motion generally contains rotation. the obtained measurement matrix is not a full matrix. The matrix is transformed into a full matrix by considering the subject's relative motion with respect to the mobile frame. The matrix is then factorized and the 3D locations of the feature points recover. Using the proposed technique, several human wide range motions recovered their 3D motions in the performed experiments.
Implementation of LAN Emulation Over ATM in Linux (1996)

This thesis describes the implementation of LAN Emulation over ATM in Linux operating system. This includes both the LE client and the LE service as described in ATM Forum&amp;apos;s specification LAN Emulation Over ATM - Version 1.0. The work was done as a part of Finnish Broadband Telecommunication Research Project (FASTER) at Tampere University of Technology. LAN Emulation is intended to emulate the services of existing Local Area Network (LAN) technologies in ATM networks providing upper protocol layers an interface similar to the MAC layer. It was developed to give the possibility for connecting endstations to ATM networks, while network software can interact as i...
Double-Passed Two-Beam Interferometers (1960)

When the rays emerging from a conventional two-beam interferometer are reflected back through the instrument, fringes similar in appearance and behavior to three-beam fringes are obtained. Extremely accurate measurements are possible with the help of these fringes, using a photometric setting criterion. The mode of formation of these fringes, as well as the theoretical intensity distribution in them under various conditions, are discussed.
Metastatic melanoma presenting as polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. (2012)

A 41-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma was admitted to the hospital because of syncopal episodes, which had developed after the administration of an experimental chemotherapy agent that targeted Notch signaling, as part of a phase I clinical trial. Cardiac monitoring revealed recurrent episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia correlating with the patient's syncope. Investigations into the cause of the arrhythmia led to the discovery of metastatic lesions within the left ventricular myocardium. In presenting this case of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia as the antemortem clinical manifestation of metastatic melanoma involving the heart, we discuss the importance of recognizing that cardiac metastases can manifest themselves as arrhythmias in patients with malignant melanoma who are undergoing active anticancer treatment.
Effects of the Front Electrode Angle on the Device Performance of In0.16Ga0.84As Solar Cells (2015)

In this study, high-quality In0.16Ga0.84As epitaxial films can be achieved by employing the linear graded buffer layer. The front electrodes with stripe shape were prepared for the cell devices. Additionally, to fabricate the In0.16Ga0.84As solar cell with high efficiency, we prepared the front electrode patterns with various angles from 0° to 90° that defined as the included angles between the electrode and [110] direction of the GaAs wafer. As this included angle was fixed at 45°, the lower conversion efficiency of In0.16Ga0.84As solar cell was measured to be 14.61%. However, when the included angles were varied to 0° and 90°, the higher conversion efficiencies of In0.16Ga0.84As solar cells can be enhanced to 16.34% and 16.58%, respectively. Obviously, with designing the included angles of 0° and 90°, the hole carriers in the devices can be avoided to meet the dislocations in the epilayers efficiently, resulting in the improvement of the conversion efficiency.
Introspectibles: Tangible Interaction to Foster Introspection (2016)

International audience
Heat Transfer Augmentation of Aqueous Suspensions of Nanodiamonds in Turbulent Pipe Flow (2009)

This paper aims to study the convective heat transfer behavior of aqueous suspensions of nanodiamond particles flowing through a horizontal tube heated under a constant heat flux condition. Consideration is given to the effects of particle concentration and Reynolds number on heat transfer enhancement. It is found that (i) significant enhancement of heat transfer performance due to suspension of nanodiamond particles in the circular tube flow is observed in comparison with pure water as the working fluid, (ii) the enhancement is intensified with an increase in the Reynolds number and the nanodiamond concentration, and (iii) substantial amplification of heat transfer performance is not attributed purely to the enhancement of thermal conductivity due to suspension of nanodiamond particles.
Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the drilling resistance measurements in wood (2018)

Abstract An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the impact of white and brown rot decay on drilling resistance (DR) measurements in wood. In total, 720 drillings were made in specimens of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood and sapwood, European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and English oak ( Quercus robur L.), which were decayed by Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor . Drillings were made with specimens conditioned in normal climate (20°C/65% RH) and with specimens vacuum-impregnated in water. DR and feeding force (FF) were negatively correlated with mass loss (ML) due to fungal decay. The intensity of reduction was higher for DR than for FF with increasing ML for all decay types and moisture contents (MCs). A significant difference (at 95% confidence level) in DR was found between decay types using water-saturated (WS) Scots pine specimens (3–35% ML). In most cases, DR revealed a higher predictive power of the models for ML prediction than FF. Free water in decayed specimens significantly reduced the DR and FF. Hence, the effect of ML on DR and FF of decayed and WS wood was less prominent.
Fast algorithms for structured robust principal component analysis (2012)

A large number of problems arising in computer vision can be reduced to the problem of minimizing the nuclear norm of a matrix, subject to additional structural and sparsity constraints on its elements. Examples of relevant applications include, among others, robust tracking in the presence of outliers, manifold embedding, event detection, in-painting and tracklet matching across occlusion. In principle, these problems can be reduced to a convex semi-definite optimization form and solved using interior point methods. However, the poor scaling properties of these methods limit the use of this approach to relatively small sized problems. The main result of this paper shows that structured nuclear norm minimization problems can be efficiently solved by using an iterative Augmented Lagrangian Type (ALM) method that only requires performing at each iteration a combination of matrix thresholding and matrix inversion steps. As we illustrate in the paper with several examples, the proposed algorithm results in a substantial reduction of computational time and memory requirements when compared against interior-point methods, opening up the possibility of solving realistic, large sized problems.
Evidence of Aqueous Iron Sulfide Clusters in the Vadose Zone (2014)

Iron and sulfur cycling is an important control on contaminant fate and transport. We present the effects of soil structure, specifically the presence of a soil layer, on linked biogeochemical and hydrological processes involving Fe and S cycling in the vadose zone using repacked soil columns. Synthetic rainwater was applied to a homogenized medium‐grained sand column, a homogenized organic‐rich loam column, and a sand‐over‐loam layered column. Water samples were voltammetrically analyzed for total sulfide, Fe 2+ , and aqueous FeS clusters (FeS aq ) using a mercury drop electrode. Aqueous FeS clusters were observed in the loam and layered columns, with the greatest concentrations of FeS aq occurring at the sand–loam interface in the layered column. Redox potential (Eh) measurements showed rapid cycling of redox conditions at the interface (hours to days) suggesting that FeS aq formation was favored under conditions of disequilibrium. However, the relative stability and aqueous nature of FeS aq allowed for it to be transported, which has broader implications for chemical fate and transport in the vadose zone. The co‐occurrence of FeS aq with iron‐rich soil aggregates near the sand‐loam interface in the layered column suggest that FeS aq may act as a precursor to the formation of aggregates that, in our column, subsequently caused an order of magnitude decrease in hydraulic conductivity. These findings suggest that FeS aq should be considered when predicting the transport of contaminants, particularly metals that may associate with FeS aq , in systems with prominent iron and sulfur cycling.
Novel insights into erythroid development revealed through in vitro differentiation of GATA-1 embryonic stem cells. (1994)

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking the transcription factor GATA-1 do not produce mature red blood cells either in vivo or in vitro. To define the consequences of GATA-1 loss more precisely, we used an in vitro ES cell differentiation assay that permits enumeration of primitive (EryP) and definitive (EryD) erythroid precursors and recovery of pure erythroid colonies. In contrast to normal ES cells, GATA-1- ES cells fail to generate EryP precursors. EryD precursors, however, are normal in number but undergo developmental arrest and death at the proerythroblast stage. Contrary to initial expectations, arrested GATA-1(-)-definitive proerythroblasts express GATA target genes at normal levels. Transcripts of the related factor GATA-2 are remarkably elevated in GATA-1- proerythroblasts. These findings imply substantial interchangeability of GATA factors in vivo and suggest that GATA-1 normally serves to repress GATA-2 during erythropoiesis. The approach used here is a paradigm for the phenotypic analysis of targeted mutations affecting hematopoietic development.
Azidothymidine inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo (2008)

Azidothymidine (AZT), currently used for HIV treatment, was also shown to induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in different human tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of AZT to inhibit the growth of human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In cytotoxicity assays, treatment of cells with varying concentrations of AZT-induced inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis in three human melanoma cell lines without affecting the growth of nontumorigenic cells. AZT-dependent inhibition of proliferation was accompanied by a significant S-phase arrest of the cell cycle. Coexposure of cells to AZT during cisplatin treatment showed a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity. Moreover, AZT monotreatment of melanoma in a severe combined immunodeficiency-mouse xenotransplantation model resulted in significant tumor reduction. These results demonstrate for the first time the antimelanoma activity of AZT, suggesting its clinical utilization either as a sole agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma: Cross-Sectional Imaging Findings Including Histopathologic Correlation (2007)

Although adult rhabdomyosarcomas have certain imaging appearances in common with other soft-tissue sarcomas, features at presentation such as tumor heterogeneity, site, regional lymphadenopathy, and pulmonary metastasis should make the radiologist consider this important diagnosis.