gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass screening for silent atrial fibrillation in high risk patients - preliminary results from the STROKESTOP trial (2013)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent source of cardiac emboli in patients with ischemic stroke. AF may be asymptomatic and therefore undiagnosed. As oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment is highly effective for stroke prevention, screening for silent AF seems suitable in risk populations. Above the age of 75, the current guidelines recommend OAC for AF, even in the absence of other risk factors. We hypothesize that AF screening in this age group will reduce stroke incidence. Methods: All inhabitants in Stockholm County and Region Halland, Sweden age 75-76 years (n=25 415) are randomized in a 1:1 fashion either to be invited to a screening program for AF or to act as a control group. In the screening group, participants are invited to undergo intermittent ambulatory ECG recordings during two weeks. Participants in whom AF is detected are offered OAC treatment. Screening-and control groups will be followed prospectively for 5 years with regard to thromboembolic events, bleeding and mortality. Results: During a 10- month period, 10 503 inhabitants in the screening arm had been invited and 4783 (46%) participated. Previously undiagnosed AF was found in 131 (3%) of participants and another 85 (2%) have been identified with previously known AF but without OAC treatment. The total prevalence of AF in the screening group exceeds 11%. Participation in the screening program is lower in urban Stockholm (45%) in comparison to rural areas (64%). More than 90% of the patients with undiagnosed AF were started on OAC. Conclusion: Population based AF screening in a 75-year old population identifies 5% of the population as new candidates for OAC treatment due to AF. There is considerable local and regional variation in participation in the screening program.
Dual-band MWIR/LWIR focal plane arrays based on III-V strained-layer superlattices (2018)

Recent advances over the last several years in III-V strained-layer superlattice-based infrared detectors have lead this material system to emerge as a solid alternative to HgCdTe for dual-band focal plane arrays (FPAs). Rapid development of superlattice-based detectors has been realized by capitalizing on mature, III-V foundry-compatible processing. Furthermore, superlattice-based epitaxial wafers exhibit a high degree of lateral uniformity with low macroscopic defect densities (&lt; 50 cm<sup>-2</sup>) and can achieve dark current levels comparable to HgCdTe detectors. In this paper, we review our recent efforts towards producing HD-format (1280x720, 12 &mu;m pitch) superlattice-based, dual-band MWIR/LWIR FPAs. For a representative FPA, characterization was conducted in a pour-fill dewar at 80K, f/3 and using a blackbody range of 22&deg;C to 32&deg;C. For the MWIR band, the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) was 14.9 mK with a 3x median NETD operability of 99.91%. For the LWIR band, the median NETD was 28.1 mK with a 3x median NETD operability of 99.66%. To illustrate the manufacturability of superlattice technology, we will present results on 1280x720, 12 &mu;m pitch MWIR/LWIR FPAs built over the last year at HRL through multiple fabrication lots utilizing 4" epiwafers.
Optical Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for SERS Detection of Proteins and Toxins in Liquid Environment: Towards Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection (2018)

Optical forces are used to aggregate plasmonic nanoparticles and create SERS-active hot spots in liquid. When biomolecules are added to the nanoparticles, high sensitivity SERS detection can be accomplished. Here, we pursue studies on Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) detection, investigating the BSA-nanorod aggregations in a range from 100 µM to 50 nM by combining light scattering, plasmon resonance and SERS, and correlating the SERS signal with the concentration. Experimental data are fitted with a simple model describing the optical aggregation process. We show that BSA-nanorod complexes can be optically printed on non-functionalized glass surfaces, designing custom patterns stable with time. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this methodology can be used to detect catalase and hemoglobin, two Raman resonant biomolecules, at concentrations of 10 nM and 1 pM, respectively, i.e., well beyond the limit of detection of BSA. Finally, we show that nanorods functionalized with specific aptamers can be used to capture and detect Ochratoxin A, a fungal toxin found in food commodities and wine. This experiment represents the first step towards the addition of molecular specificity to this novel biosensor strategy.
Simultaneously Increasing Impact Resistance and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by Polyether-Grafted-EpoxidePolysiloxane (2010)

In this paper, polyether-grafted-epoxide polysiloxane (FEPMS) was synthesized via hydrosilylation among poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS), allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (F6) and allyl glycidyl ether to modify Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA). The morphology, thermal properties, and toughness of all cured samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and impact testing. Results indicated that grafted polysiloxane can be well dispersed in epoxy matrix, and the epoxy resin modified with FEPMS at relatively low addition levels exhibited higher thermal properties and improved toughness than the neat epoxy resin.
RNABC: forward kinematics to reduce all-atom steric clashes in RNA backbone (2020)

Although accurate details in RNA structure are of great importance for understanding RNA function, the backbone conformation is difficult to determine, and most existing RNA structures show serious steric clashes (≥ 0.4Å overlap) when hydrogen atoms are taken into account. We have developed a program called RNABC (RNA Backbone Correction) that performs local perturbations to search for alternative conformations that avoid those steric clashes or other local geometry problems. Its input is an all-atom coordinate file for an RNA crystal structure (usually from the MolProbity web service), with problem areas specified. RNABC rebuilds a suite (the unit from sugar to sugar) by anchoring the phosphorus and base positions, which are clearest in crystallographic electron density, and reconstructing the other atoms using forward kinematics. Geometric parameters are constrained within user-specified tolerance of canonical or original values, and torsion angles are constrained to ranges defined through empirical database analyses. Several optimizations reduce the time required to search the many possible conformations. The output results are clustered and presented to the user, who can choose whether to accept one of the alternative conformations.
Improvements to the scalability of multiobjective clustering (2005)

In previous work, the authors have introduced a novel and highly effective approach to data clustering, based on the explicit optimization of a partitioning with respect to two complementary clustering objectives (Handl, et. al., 2004, 2005). In this paper, three modifications were made to the algorithm that improved its scalability to large data sets with high dimensionality and large numbers of clusters. Specifically, new initialization and mutation schemes that enable a more efficient exploration of the search space were introduced, and the null data model that is used as a basis for selecting the most significant solution from the Pareto front was modified. The high performance of the resulting algorithm is demonstrated on a newly developed clustering test suite.
Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Kaouthiagin, a Novel Cobra Venom Metalloproteinase with Two Disintegrin-like Sequences (2001)

The primary structure of kaouthiagin, a metalloproteinase from the venom of the cobra snake Naja kaouthia which specifically cleaves human von Willebrand factor (VWF), was determined by amino acid sequencing. Kaouthiagin is composed of 401 amino acid residues and one Asn-linked sugar chain. The sequence is highly similar to those of high-molecular mass snake venom metalloproteinases from viperid and crotalid venoms comprised of metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like, and Cys-rich domains. The metalloproteinase domain had a zinc-binding motif (HEXXHXXGXXH), which is highly conserved in the metzincin family. Kaouthiagin had an HDCD sequence in the disintegrin-like domain and uniquely had an RGD sequence in the Cys-rich domain. Metalloproteinase-inactivated kaouthiagin had no effect on VWF-induced platelet aggregation but still had an inhibitory effect on the collagen-induced platelet aggregation with an IC(50) of 0.2 microM, suggesting the presence of disintegrin-like activity in kaouthiagin. To examine the effects of these HDCD and RGD sequences, we prepared synthetic peptides cyclized by an S-S linkage. Both the synthetic cyclized peptides from the disintegrin-like domain and from the Cys-rich domain) had an inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation with IC(50) values of approximately 90 and approximately 4.5 microM, respectively. The linear peptide (RAAKHDCDLPELC) and the cyclized peptide had little effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. These results suggest that kaouthiagin not only inhibits VWF-induced platelet aggregation by cleaving VWF but also disturbs the agonist-induced platelet aggregation by both the disintegrin-like domain and the RGD sequence in the Cys-rich domain. Furthermore, our results imply that the corresponding part of the Cys-rich domain in other snake venom metalloproteinases also has a synergistic disturbing effect on platelet aggregation, serving as a second disintegrin-like domain. This is the first report of an elapid venom metalloproteinase with two disintegrin-like sequences.
Manufacture of Accurate Titanium Cranio-Facial Implants with High Forming Angle Using Single Point Incremental Forming (2013)

One of the key application areas of Single Point Incremental Forming is in the manufacture of parts for bio-medical applications. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the manufacture of cranio-facial implants with extreme forming angles using medical grade titanium sheets. While on one hand, the failure wall angle is an issue of concern, the parts also need to be manufactured with accuracy at the edges where the implants fit into the human body. Systematic steps taken to overcome these challenges, using intelligent intermediate part design, feature analysis and compensation, are discussed. A number of case studies illustrating the manufacture of accurate parts in aluminium, stainless steel and titanium grade-2 alloy are discussed.
Diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff over correlated Rayleigh fading channels: a non‐asymptotic analysis (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we present a finite‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (finite‐SNR) framework to establish tight bounds on the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. We focus on a more realistic propagation environment where MIMO channel fading coefficients are correlated and where SNR values are finite. The impact of spatial correlation on the fundamental diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff is investigated. We present tight lower bounds on the outage probability of both spatially uncorrelated and correlated MIMO channels. Using these lower bounds, accurate finite‐SNR estimates of the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff are derived. These estimates allow to gain insight on the impact of spatial correlation on the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff at finite‐SNR. As expected, the diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff is severely degraded as the spatial correlation increases. For example, a MIMO system operating at a spectral efficiency of R bps/Hz and at an SNR of 5 dB in a moderately correlated channel, achieves a better diversity gain than a system operating at the same spectral efficiency and at an SNR of 10 dB in a highly correlated channel, when the multiplexing gain r is greater than 0.8. Another interesting point is that provided that the spatial correlation channel matrix is of full rank, the maximum diversity gain is not affected by the spatial correlation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 in arthritic joints and its potential effect in the neutrophil migration (2020)

The citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (cit-ITIH4) was identified as its blood level was associated with the arthritis score in peptide glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase-induced arthritis (pGIA) mice and the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to clarify its citrullination pathway and function as related to neutrophils. In pGIA-afflicted joints, ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 levels were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting (WB), while peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), IHC and immunofluorescent methods. The pGIA mice received anti-lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G) antibodies to deplete neutrophils and the expression of cit-ITIH4 was investigated by WB. The amounts of ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 in synovial fluid (SF) from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were examined by I.P. and W.B. Recombinant ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 were incubated with sera from healthy volunteers before its chemotactic ability and C5a level were evaluated using Boyden's chamber assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During peak arthritic phase, ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 were increased in joints while PAD4 was over-expressed, especially in the infiltrating neutrophils of pGIA mice. Levels of cit-ITIH4 in plasma and joints significantly decreased upon neutrophil depletion. ITIH4 was specifically citrullinated in SF from RA patients compared with OA patients. Native ITIH4 inhibited neutrophilic migration and decreased C5a levels, while cit-ITIH4 increased its migration and C5a levels significantly. Cit-ITIH4 is generated mainly in inflamed joints by neutrophils via PAD4. Citrullination of ITIH4 may change its function to up-regulate neutrophilic migration by activating the complement cascade, exacerbating arthritis.
A General Approach for Quantifying the Benefit of Distributed Power Electronics for Fine Grained MPPT in Photovoltaic Applications Using 3-D Modeling (2011)

This paper deals with photovoltaic power installations in urban environments. A general simulation method is developed to quantify the total energy yield for photovoltaic (PV) installation sites exploiting different levels of Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) granularity. The process includes 3-D modeling, shading evaluation of the installation site, and irradiance calculations on the PV surfaces on an hourly basis throughout the year. Three leading microconverter topologies are analyzed and the cost/performance tradeoff is discussed for panel-level DMPPT. The energy yield evaluation technique is confirmed by means of several miniature PV acquisition units for frequent irradiance and temperature measurements in the installation site. The yearly energy yield benefit is shown to be highly dependent on the relative shading in the three installation sites. It is found that the energy yield benefit easily outweighs the power electronics costs in two of the three installations for panel-level DMPPT. The analysis method can be used by PV installers and system designers for accurate energy yield prediction, as well as power electronics engineers who need to bound the cost of their design based on the net energy benefit of the installed PV system.
Noncontact acoustic inspection of outer wall by acoustic irradiation induced vibration from UAV equipped with sound source (2019)

The noncontact acoustic inspection method is an excellent method capable of detecting defects at the same level as a hammering test from a long distance. However, there is a disadvantage that it becomes difficult to generate the same flexural resonance as the hammering test when the angle of the measurement target surface viewed from the sound source increases. Fortunately, when a sound source itself is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which is becoming popular in recent years, it becomes possible to make the sound source position directly face the measurement target surface, and this problem of angle dependence is expected to be resolved. Therefore, in this research, we investigated the outer wall inspection by noncontact acoustic inspection method using sound source mounted type UAV and the outer wall tile specimen. From this result, we confirmed that it is possible to detect delamination defects of outer wall tiles by our proposed method utilizing deflection resonance even using compact sound sources that can be mounted on UAV. Therefore, it is expected that it will be possible to carry out long-distance measurement up to the measurable limit of LDV.
Broadcast and aggregation in BBC (2016)

In distributed systems, where multi-party communication is essential, two communication paradigms are ever present: (1) one-to-many, commonly denoted as broadcast; and (2) many-to-one denoted as aggregation or collection. In this paper we present the BBC process calculus, which inherently models the broadcast and aggregation communication modes. We then apply this process calculus to reason on hierarchical network structure and provide examples on its expressive power.
Superpotent synthetic tripeptide mimics of the mud‐crab pumping pheromone (1993)

Soluble pheromones released by the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) during egg hatching cause the female crab to contract her abdomen rapidly (the pumping response). This stereotypical behavior can be induced in the laboratory by exposing egg-bearing females to solutions containing certain amino acids or peptides. Twelve amino acids exhibited response thresholds of 10(-3)-10(-10) M, the most potent (norleucine, methionine and tryptophan) having a hydrophobic sidechain. Four synthetic tripeptides of the form Gly-X-Arg, where the hydrophobic residue X was isoleucine, norleucine, methionine or phenylalanine, were superpotent agonists over a limited concentration range. Gly-Ile-Arg was a significant agonist at 10(-17) and 10(-16) M, both Gly-Nle-Arg and Gly-Met-Arg at 10(-20) and 10(-19) M, and Gly-Phe-Arg at 10(-21), 10(-20) and 10(-19) M. At the subattomolar concentration of 10(-20) M the superpotent pheromone mimics Gly-Met-Arg and Gly-Phe-Arg produced not only a statistically significant increase in the relative number of pumping mud crabs but also a substantial increase in the pumping rate ratio. In contrast, at 10(-13) M the tripeptide Gly-Met(O)-Arg with an internal residue of methionine sulfoxide blocked the abdominal pumping response of egg-bearing mud crabs.
A customizable FPGA IP core implementation of a general purpose Genetic Algorithm engine (2008)

Hardware implementation of Genetic Algorithms (GA) is gaining importance as genetic algorithms can be effectively used as an optimization engine for real-time applications (for e.g., evolvable hardware). In this work, we report the design of an IP core that implements a general purpose GA engine which has been successfully synthesized and verified on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA Device (XC2VP30). The placed and routed IP core has an area utilization of only 16% and clock period of 2.2ns (∼450MHz). The GA core can be customized in terms of the population size, number of generations, cross-over and mutation rates, and the random number generator seed. The GA engine can be tailored to a given application by interfacing with the application specific fitness evaluation module as well as the required storage memory (to store the current and new populations). The core is soft in nature i.e., a gate-level netlist is provided which can be readily integrated with the user’s system.
A proline-rich motif on VGLUT1 reduces synaptic vesicle super-pool and spontaneous release frequency (2019)

Glutamate secretion at excitatory synapses is tightly regulated to allow for the precise tuning of synaptic strength. Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (VGLUT) accumulate glutamate into synaptic vesicles (SV) and thereby regulate quantal size. Further, the number of release sites and the release probability of SVs maybe regulated by the organization of active-zone proteins and SV clusters. In the present work, we uncover a mechanism mediating an increased SV clustering through the interaction of VGLUT1 second proline-rich domain, endophilinA1 and intersectin1. This strengthening of SV clusters results in a combined reduction of axonal SV super-pool size and miniature excitatory events frequency. Our findings support a model in which clustered vesicles are held together through multiple weak interactions between Src homology three and proline-rich domains of synaptic proteins. In mammals, VGLUT1 gained a proline-rich sequence that recruits endophilinA1 and turns the transporter into a regulator of SV organization and spontaneous release.
Data from Down-regulation of PU.1 by Methylation of Distal Regulatory Elements and the Promoter Is Required for Myeloma Cell Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The transcription factor PU.1 is essential for myeloid and B-cell development. Down-regulation of PU.1 by disruption of its 14-kb 5′ upstream regulatory element induced acute myeloid leukemia, T-cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia–like disease in murine models. In the present study, we found that PU.1 was down-regulated in the majority of human myeloma cell lines and a subset of freshly isolated myeloma cells, in contrast to relatively high expression of PU.1 in normal plasma cells. Patients in this low PU.1 expression subset may have a poor prognosis. In human myeloma cell lines, the 17-kb 5′ upstream enhancer and the promoter region of the &lt;i&gt;PU.1&lt;/i&gt; gene were highly methylated, and this is consistent with disappearance of DNase I–hypersensitive sites in these regions. To elucidate the significance of down-regulation of PU.1, we generated stable myeloma cell lines with an inducible PU.1 expression system. Exogenous expression of PU.1 in PU.1 null myeloma cell lines, U266 and KMS12PE, induced complete growth arrest and cell death. Up-regulation of PU.1 by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine also induced growth arrest of KMS12PE and KHM11 myeloma cells. These data suggest that down-regulation of PU.1 is an essential step for the survival of a subset of myeloma cells and that up-regulation of PU.1 by demethylation agents or other types of agents may represent a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of multiple myeloma patients. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5328–36]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;