gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in the research of autism pathogenesis. (2022)

This review focuses on four interrelated teams and research lines that form the basis for new research on the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the Marcus Autism Center, in Atlanta (US). These themes probe typical social behavior and brain development from birth, and disruptions thereof in babies later diagnosed with ASD. These four themes are: to leverage lifetime maximal neuroplasticity; to test the hypothesis that developmental disruption of early-emerging mechanisms of socialization drives pathogenesis and results in autistic social disability; the focus on the infant-caregiver dyad, and the iterative context associated with mutually reinforcing and adapted social and communitive inter-action, or emerging cycles of social contingency, from the first days and weeks of life; and the study of time-varying neurodevelopmental transitions in social behavior from experience-expectant (reflexive, endogenous) and subcortically-guided to experience-dependent (caregiver- and reward-driven) and cortically-guided, a transition that our work suggests is uniquely disrupted in babies later diagnosed with ASD. This science is opening a world of opportunities to optimize children's outcomes despite the genetic liabilities that they are born with. It provides the scientific grounding for new community-viable solutions for increasing access to early interventions using treatments that scaffold and strengthen infant-caregiver interactions, which is the platform for early brain development.
Platelet-Rich Plasma and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix in Maxillary Sinus Lift Surgery (2015)

The adjunct of pure platelet-rich plasma to deproteinized bovine bone mineral may enhance vital bone formation in the first 6 months after sinus floor augmentation. However, no statistically significant difference was found between groups (P = 0.18).
The Mathematical Description of Homogeneous Turbulence for Incompressible Fluids (2021)

The present article establishes the mathematical description of turbulence for incompressible fluids as a response to an important question: “Is a complete mathematical description of turbulence possible?” in ResearchGate.net website discussion started August 26, 2018. Since inhomogeneous turbulence is too complex, this article will limit the discussion to homogeneous turbulence. This article provides the necessary propositions for a mathematical description of homogeneous turbulence for incompressible fluids which is achievable via a probabilistic formulation, deterministic chaos, and the Kolmogorov’s -5/3 law.
Effect of Platelet Lysate on the Functional and Molecular Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Adipose Tissue (2011)

hPL represents an effective and safe supplement for MSC expansion to be used in the clinical setting.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance elastography assesses progression and regression of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in alcohol‐associated liver disease (2021)

This preclinical study provides evidence that multiparametric MRI/MRE can be used noninvasively to assess disease severity and monitor treatment response in ALD.
Bone allografts of femoral heads (1986)

Orthopaedists are increasingly using femoral heads as bone grafts, which can be easily stored by freezing without elaborate equipment and with minimum personnel involved. Our experience has shown that if standard sterile techniques are followed in procurement and storage, an abundant supply of useful allografts can be ensured.
Abstract P2-05-12: Signatures of endocrine resistance in the tamoxifen and exemestane adjuvant multinational trial (TEAM)-UK cohort (2015)

Abstract Introduction: There are a number of commercially-available tests to stratify risk for women diagnosed with early breast cancer. While such "Generation I" tests are increasingly being used, a consensus is growing that these tests are moderately accurate in assessing risk. Moreover, Generation I tests fail to direct more personalized treatment. There exists, therefore, a clear need for more informative "Generation II" tests that have theranostic targets. To this end, we have performed an mRNA abundance-based analysis using the UK cohort of the TEAM trial to identify signatures of endocrine resistance, from which pathways for putative therapeutic intervention may be identified. Methods: RNA extracted from 790 patients in the UK-TEAM cohort were profiled using a 165-gene NanoString codeset. The gene list was compiled from targets that comprise many of the existing risk assessment tests, in addition to genes known to be of importance for breast cancer pathogenesis. Signal intensities were normalized using the R statistical environment; 336 different combinations of preprocessing methods were assessed and the most optimal method selected using unbiased criteria. Results: Univariate survival analysis revealed a number of significantly prognostic candidates. Using inter-gene correlation and consensus clustering, we identified five gene clusters. Not surprisingly, these clusters included a strong proliferation, hormone signalling and cell migration component. Derivation of risk scores using Cox proportional hazards model, with the inclusion of age and nodal status, generated a signature identifying patients with differences in distant relapse-free survival (DRFS). Moreover, the composition of the gene-list made it possible to characterize the patients into their intrinsic subtypes and to determine their relative risk for recurrence relative to assessment tools available today. The added value of subtyping and the gene clusters identified in this discovery cohort will be discussed. Conclusions: The impact of test-guided therapy using multi-parametric tests is increasingly being felt in the clinic, and is reshaping modern health-care economics. A successful Generation II multi-parametric test will better discriminate those that are truly at high risk for recurrence following endocrine therapy and offer potential therapeutic options for intervention for those who would not benefit from current modalities. Citation Format: Jane Bayani, Mary Anne Quintayo, Cindy Q Yao, Syed Haider, Cassandra Brookes, Paul C Boutros, John MS Bartlett, Daniel W Rea. Signatures of endocrine resistance in the tamoxifen and exemestane adjuvant multinational trial (TEAM)-UK cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-12.
Polarized Self-Attention: Towards High-quality Pixel-wise Regression (2021)

Pixel-wise regression is probably the most common problem in fine-grained computer vision tasks, such as estimating keypoint heatmaps and segmentation masks. These regression problems are very challenging particularly because they require, at low computation overheads, modeling long-range dependencies on high-resolution inputs/outputs to estimate the highly nonlinear pixel-wise semantics. While attention mechanisms in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks(DCNNs) has become popular for boosting long-range dependencies, element-specific attention, such as Nonlocal blocks, is highly complex and noise-sensitive to learn, and most of simplified attention hybrids try to reach the best compromise among multiple types of tasks. In this paper, we present the Polarized Self-Attention(PSA) block that incorporates two critical designs towards high-quality pixel-wise regression: (1) Polarized filtering: keeping high internal resolution in both channel and spatial attention computation while completely collapsing input tensors along their counterpart dimensions. (2) Enhancement: composing non-linearity that directly fits the output distribution of typical fine-grained regression, such as the 2D Gaussian distribution (keypoint heatmaps), or the 2D Binormial distribution (binary segmentation masks). PSA appears to have exhausted the representation capacity within its channel-only and spatial-only branches, such that there is only marginal metric differences between its sequential and parallel layouts. Experimental results show that PSA boosts standard baselines by $2-4$ points, and boosts state-of-the-arts by $1-2$ points on 2D pose estimation and semantic segmentation benchmarks.
Moving Object Detection Based on Differentiated Self-adaptive Background Difference (2013)

In view of the faults in the classic self-adaptive background difference algorithm,an algorithm based on the differentiated self-adaptive background difference is presented.Combining the advantage of frame difference and background difference algorithm,the tailed and inane problems are resolved.Taking advantage of the information of recognition,particular coefficient is used for the object of interest.In the premise of tracking background changing quickly,the algorithm can maintain the sustained attention of the interested object.
α-MSH: A Potential Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Agent for the Treatment of Stroke (2010)

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is a neuropeptide with profound immunomodulatory properties; we evaluated the effects of α-MSH on stroke outcome and its ability to modulate the postischemic immune response. In Lewis rats subjected to 3 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), plasma concentrations of α-MSH rapidly decreased and returned to baseline over the course of days. Exogenous administration of α-MSH (100 or 500 μg/kg) improved 24 hour outcome in animals subjected to 2 hours MCAO; α-MSH 500 μg/kg also decreased infarct volume at this time point. Both doses of α-MSH were ineffective in improving outcome or decreasing infarct volume in animals subjected to 3 hours MCAO. The splenocyte response to phytohemagglutin in animals treated with α-MSH was attenuated at 24 hours after MCAO. At 1 month after MCAO, treatment with α-MSH 500 μg/kg at the time of stoke was associated with a decrease in TH1 response to myelin basic protein (MBP) in animals subjected to 2 hours MCAO, although treatment was not associated with improved outcome at this time point. Given the early benefits of α-MSH treatment and its effect on immunologic outcome, further studies to evaluate the utility of α-MSH for the treatment of cerebral ischemia are warranted.
Impact of Fluoropolymer-Based Paclitaxel Delivery on Neointimal Proliferation and Vascular Healing (2017)

In the familial hypercholesterolemic swine model of femoral restenosis, the implantation of an FP-PES resulted in lower levels of neointimal proliferation and sustained biological effect ≤90 days compared with a polymer-free stent-based approach.
SLIDING HIATAL HERNIA: THE NEED FOR REDEFINITION (1973)

SLIDING HIATAL HERNIA: THE NEED FOR REDEFINITIONBERNARD S. WOLF, M.D.Audio Available | Share
Facile Synthesis of Styrylquinuclidines (1986)

3-and 2-Quinuclidinecarboxaldehydes, 3 and E, were prepared by Wittig reaction and DIBAH reduction respectively.'These aldehydes were used to prepare the corresponding 3 -and 2-styrylquinuclidines.-4-7 and 13-16, via Wittig reactions.--In the course of our investigation of centrally active inhibitors of acetylcholine synthesis, it was necessary to prepare several 3-and 2styryl-substituted quinuclidines.Preparation of these derivatives was accomplished !& the corresponding 3-and 2-quinuclidinecarboxaldehydes 3 and g.Difficulty with the synthesis of 3 and 12 has restricted their use in the literature1-3.Convenient syntheses of these key intermediates were carried out in our laboratory.
Continuous Flow Coupling and Decarboxylation Reactions Promoted by Copper Tubing (2010)

A convenient and efficient flow method for Ullmann condensations, Sonogashira couplings, and decarboxylation reactions using a commercially available copper tube flow reactor (CTFR) is described. The heated CTFR effects these transformations without added metals (e.g., Pd), ligands, or reagents, and in greater than 90% yield in most cases examined.
Probing the inner regions of the coma by UV observations of CS in comets (1986)

New vibrational bands of CS have been identified in several comets. The relative intensities of these bands are in agreement with a simple model, based upon most of the CS radicals being in the lowest vibrational level. The present observational accuracy is not sufficient to decide between this simple model and an earlier radiative equilibrium model. The observed intensity ratios appear to be similar in different comets, which means that they cannot depend strongly upon the total gas production rates.
X-ray based morphological analysis of the knee - a review (2022)

Mismatch between the patient’s knee morphology and the implant geometry is linked to poorer clinical outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Hence, patients whose knee morphology differs strongly from the norm may have a higher risk to be dissatisfied after surgery. Consequently, a preoperative risk assessment regarding differences between individual knee morphology and implant geometry is favorable. For adequate availability and limited radiation dose, this should be based on standard imaging in TKA, being conventional radiographs. We reviewed morphological measures of the knee to be evaluated on X-ray images. Only measures of the articulating areas, without connections to pathologies such as patellar instability or pain, were included. In addition, the accuracy of 2D-3D knee reconstruction was reviewed, in order to assess the potential use for 3D X-ray based analysis. Various parameter definitions for the evaluation on anterior-posterior and lateral X-rays exist in the literature. If given, the inter- and intraobserver reliability can be interpreted as moderate to excellent. Several authors have reported on 2D-3D reconstruction accuracies with maximum absolute errors of ~5-6 mm for in vitro studies. Mismatch between the bone morphology implant geometry can partly be assessed in 2D, using single X-rays. Methods for 2D-3D reconstruction demonstrated potential for enabling 3D X ray-based analyses. However, improvements regarding accuracy and larger in vivo validation studies are pending. A basic preoperative risk assessment using X-rays is possible. Future steps could include the automation of the parameter derivation and an enhancement of 2D-3D reconstruction for enabling a more comprehensive assessment.
Suppression of heat shock protein 27 expression promotes 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colon cancer cells in a xenograft model (2012)

The present study investigates whether the expression levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in colon cancer cells are associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity in a xenograft model, as well as the mechanism responsible for regulating 5-FU sensitivity. HCT116 cells which have a high expression of HSP27 were stably transfected with specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in order to suppress HSP27 expression. The association between HSP27 protein expression levels and 5-FU sensitivity was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model. The mRNA expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes and cell apoptosis were also analyzed in the transfected cells. The suppression of HSP27 protein expression led to enhanced 5-FU sensitivity. The mRNA expression levels of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, but not those of thymidylate synthase, and the number of apoptotic cells increased in the transfected cells after 5-FU exposure. In conclusion, the suppression of HSP27 expression in colon cancer cells may promote 5-FU sensitivity by inducing apoptosis, despite the acceleration in 5-FU metabolism.
Trace elements of petroleum-FCCU feedstock, fresh, spent and demetallized FCCU catalyst solids & leachates; demetallization reduces leachability, increases stability (1996)

This report describes the effects of demetallization on catalysts for catalytic cracking. Catalysts and leachate analysis are discussed.
A novel ant clustering algorithm based on cellular automata (2004)

Based on the principle of cellular automata in artificial life, an artificial ant sleeping model (ASM) and an ant algorithm for cluster analysis (A4C) are presented. Inspired by the behaviors of gregarious ant colonies, we use the ant agent to represent a data object. In ASM, each ant has two states: a sleeping state and an active state. The ant's state is controlled by a function of the ant's fitness to the environment it locates and a probability for the ants becoming active. The state of an ant is determined only by its local information. By moving dynamically, the ants form different subgroups adaptively, and hence the data objects they represent are clustered. Experimental results show that the A4C algorithm on ASM is significantly better than other clustering methods in terms of both speed and quality. It is adaptive, robust and efficient, achieving high autonomy, simplicity and efficiency.
Undetectable role of oxidative DNA damage in cell cycle, cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of Cr(VI) in human lung cells with restored ascorbate levels (2012)

Cultured human cells are invaluable biological models for mechanistic studies of genotoxic chemicals and drugs. Continuing replacement of animals in toxicity testing will further increase the importance of in vitro cell systems, which should accurately reproduce key in vivo characteristics of toxicants such as their profiles of metabolites and DNA lesions. In this work, we examined how a common severe deficiency of cultured cells in ascorbate (Asc) impacts the formation of oxidative DNA damage by hexavalent chromium (chromate). Cr(VI) is reductively activated inside the cells by both Asc and small thiols but with different rates and spectra of intermediates and DNA adducts. We found that Cr(VI) exposure of H460 human lung epithelial cells in standard culture (<0.01 mM cellular Asc) induced biologically significant amounts of oxidative DNA damage. Inhibition of oxidative damage repair in these cells by stable XRCC1 knockdown strongly enhanced cytotoxic effects of Cr(VI) and led to depletion of cells from G(1) and accumulation in S and G(2) phases. However, restoration of physiological levels of Asc (≈ 1 mM) completely eliminated Cr(VI) hypersensitivity of XRCC1 knockdown. The induction of chromosomal breaks assayed by the micronucleus test in Asc-restored H460, primary human lung fibroblasts, and CHO cells was also unaffected by the XRCC1 status. Centromere-negative (clastogenic) micronuclei accounted for 80-90% of all Cr(VI)-induced micronuclei. Consistent with the micronuclei results, Asc-restored cells also showed no increase in the levels of poly(ADP-ribose), which is a biochemical marker of single-stranded breaks. Asc had no effect on cytotoxicity of O(6)-methylguanine, a lesion produced by direct DNA alkylation. Overall, our results indicate that the presence of physiological levels of Asc strongly suppresses pro-oxidant pathways in Cr(VI) metabolism and that the use of standard cell cultures creates a distorted profile of its genotoxic properties.
CTA in the evaluation of acute chest pain syndromes. Should more widespread use be advocated? (2012)

In this current era where CAD, and more specifically acute chest pain syndromes, remains as a large part of ED visits and also healthcare costs, CTA will play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals. It remains only a matter of time when this will be implemented in our guidelines, in light of the recent literature and ever improving CTA protocols.
Design Considerations for Packet Re-transmission in LoRaWAN deployments (2019)

The rapid growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications has seen an immense demand for long-range low-power wide area networks (LPWAN). LoRaWAN is one among the prominent LPWAN deployments that has been designed to support communication at a very low bit rate for battery operated devices. In this paper we study the different packet retransmission schemes that can be considered in LoRaWAN deployments. We present their analytical model and investigate the impact of these schemes with respect to the various performance factors of the network. Specifically, we evaluate the trade-off between the performance factors such as the collision probability and packet loss probability with respect to the selected retransmission schemes. We also study the effect of coverage with respect to the network density for a given re-transmission scheme. We conclude the paper with recommendation of selected retransmission schemes based on various performance factors.
Cationic (Charge Shift) Exciplexes (2017)

Of the many known examples of exciplexes, those formed from bimolecular encounter between a cationic, excited state electron acceptor and a neutral donor in fluid media have not been previously reported. We now show that emissive exciplexes formed from excited N-methyl isoquinolinium cation (NMiQ<sup>+</sup>) with alkyl benzene donors are readily detected in acetonitrile. These cationic exciplexes result in a charge shift (A<sup>+</sup>* + D → A<sup>•</sup>D<sup>•+</sup>) with no net change in charge, which differs fundamentally from the charge-generation of conventional exciplex formation (A* + D → A<sup>•-</sup>D<sup>•+</sup>). We find that cationic and conventional exciplexes show similar trends, e.g., bathochromic shifts and decreases in fluorescence quantum yields with decreasing oxidation potentials of the donors. In the presented examples of NMiQ<sup>+</sup> exciplexes, the fluorescence quantum yield decreases by a factor of 30 and the radiative rate constant by 6.6 as the fractional CT character of the exciplex increases from ∼0.79 to ∼0.95. Interestingly, the electronic coupling matrix elements for the NMiQ<sup>+</sup> exciplexes, derived from a correlation of the radiative rate constants with the average emission frequencies, are similar to those of related conventional exciplexes, in spite of the absence of Coulombic stabilization in the cationic exciplexes.
In-Plane Driving of Anapole Resonances in Silicon Disks at Telecom Wavelengths (2020)

Anapole resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles arise from the destructive interference between electric and toroidal dipole moments. So far, this mode interference has been solely observed using normal incidence free-space radiation. Here we show that anapole resonances can also arise in silicon disks being excited by an in-plane oriented waveguide. We provide both far-field and near-field measurements at telecom wavelengths which, in good agreement with numerical simulations, show the expected signatures of an anapole resonance. This work paves the way towards the use of the anapole resonances in on-chip silicon photonics.
Evaluation ofFusarium oxysporumas a Potential Bioherbicide for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), Coffee Senna (C. occidentalis), and Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) (1993)

A strain of Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from infected sicklepod stems in Stoneville, MS, in 1989. When formulated as granules either in a fungus-infested rice preparation or encapsulated in a wheat-gluten matrix called ‘Pesta’, biocontrol of sicklepod, coffee senna, and hemp sesbania was achieved with preemergence or preplant-incorporated treatments. Liquid conidial applications were less effective. Plants were killed by a preemergence damping-off. Applications made postemergence were significantly less effective. Results of these tests suggest that this fungus has potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling sicklepod, coffee senna, and hemp sesbania.