gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a "heads-up" display for cardiopulmonary bypass. (2000)

Multiple variables must be analyzed during cardiopulmonary bypass in order to judge the adequacy of perfusion. Variables when viewed singly can be confusing and lead to inaccurate representation of the physiological status of the patient. Communication between the perfusionist and members of the surgical team requires accuracy and complete presentation of pertinent data. Toward this goal of improving the assimilation and processing of information during cardiopulmonary bypass, a multivariable computer-aided "Heads-up Display" (HUD) was developed. Modern jet pilots use heads-up display for rapid assimilation of information when making judgments about the performance of their aircraft and weapons systems. Heads-up display is an electronically generated display that is superimposed upon a pilot's forward field of view. An analogy between a jet pilot and a perfusionist can be made. A geometric form, a hexagon, is used as part of the heads-up display for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-HUD). The polygon represents a performance evaluation graph. Each of the six "spokes of a wheel" represents a physiological parameter. The represented variables are: cardiac index, peripheral vascular resistance, hematocrit, dynamic operating blood level, venous saturation, and mean arterial pressure. The perfusionist inputs target values. Target values are then compared to actual values and expressed as a percentage. If all targeted values are achieved, the graphical representation is a hexagon. The surgical team rapidly recognizes abnormal patterns that are outside individual target values. They include, but are not limited to, patterns of: vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, hypovolemia, decreased oxygen carrying capacity, and several others. The CPB-HUD has proved to be of value for planning, real time evaluation, retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary bypass benchmark data, and as an aid in the teaching of new personnel concerned with cardiopulmonary bypass.
A three-layer 3D silicon system using through-Si vertical optical interconnections and Si CMOS hybrid building blocks (1999)

We present for the first time a three-dimensional (3D) Si CMOS interconnection system consisting of three layers of optically interconnected hybrid integrated Si CMOS transceivers. The transceivers were fabricated using 0.8-/spl mu/m digital Si CMOS foundry circuits and were integrated with long wavelength InP-based emitters and detectors for through-Si vertical optical interconnections. The optical transmitter operated with a digital input and optical output with operation speeds up to 155 Mb/s. The optical receiver operated with an external optical input and a digital output up to 155 Mb/s. The transceivers were stacked to form 3D through-Si vertical optical interconnections and a fabricated three layer stack demonstrated optical interconnections between the three layers with operational speed of 1 Mb/s and bit-error rate of 10/sup -9/.
A novel, simple, reliable, and sensitive method for multiple immunoenzyme staining: use of microwave oven heating to block antibody crossreactivity and retrieve antigens. (1995)

We report a simple and reliable method for detection of two or more antigens within tissue sections by indirect immunoenzyme staining using mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). This technique involves treating sections with two 5-min microwave (MW) oven heatings between sequential rounds of three-layer immunoenzyme staining (mouse MAb, goat anti-mouse IgG, and mouse PAP or mouse APAAP) and color development. Discrete staining of cell surface, cytoplasmic, and nuclear antigens was evident within individual cells. This technique has a number of advantages over those currently available. First, MW treatment denatures bound antibody molecules, thereby completely blocking crossreactivity between sequential rounds of staining. This allows the use of primary (and other) antibodies raised in the same species and the use of a sensitive three-layer staining method. Second, antigen retrieval after MW treatment markedly increases the sensitivity of cytoplasmic and nuclear antigen detection. Third, inactivation of peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes present in PAP and APAAP complexes prevents inappropriate color development. Finally, this method can be used in both paraformaldehyde-fixed cryostat sections and formalin-fixed paraffin tissue sections. In conclusion, this is a simple, reliable, and sensitive technique that will be useful in many areas of diagnosis and research.
An Analog Signal Processing EIC-PIC Solution for Coherent Data Center Interconnects (2022)

Data center interconnects (DCIs) will have to support throughputs of 400 Gbps or more per wavelength in the near future. To achieve such high data rates, coherent modulation and detection is used, which conventionally requires high-speed data conversion and signal processing in the digital domain. Alternatively, high-speed signal conditioning and processing could be carried out in co-designed photonic and electronic integrated circuits, in the optical and electrical analog domains, respectively, to achieve reduced power consumption, latency, form factor, and cost. A few demonstrations of analog domain processing electronic integrated circuits (EICs), including those of equalizer and carrier phase recovery (CPR) modules showcase progress in this direction in the literature. In this brief, for the first time, we present integration of a silicon photonic integrated coherent receiver (ICR) module with a CPR module, as a part of a complete coherent receiver solution. A phase shifter in the ICR (fabricated in a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator technology) receives feedback from a CPR EIC, and the combination compensates for the time varying phase offset between the modulated signal and the unmodulated carrier in the closed loop configuration. In this proof-of-concept demonstration, we present experimental results obtained from the stand-alone silicon photonic ICR along with its system level integration with CPR chip, for QPSK signals. The technique can be extended to a higher-order modulation format, such as 16-QAM, for data rate scaling. The proposed scheme is suitable for homodyne systems, such as polarization multiplexed carrier based self-homodyne links.
Drawing networks of rejection - a systems biological approach to the identification of candidate genes in heart transplantation (2010)

Technological development led to an increased interest in systems biological approaches to characterize disease mechanisms and candidate genes relevant to specific diseases. We suggested that the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) network can be delineated by cellular reconstruction to guide identification of candidate genes. Based on 285 microarrays (7370 genes) from 98 heart transplant patients enrolled in the Cardiac Allograft Rejection Gene Expression Observational study, we used an information-theoretic, reverse-engineering algorithm called ARACNe (algorithm for the reconstruction of accurate cellular networks) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to reconstruct and validate a putative gene PBMC interaction network. We focused our analysis on transcription factor (TF) genes and developed a priority score to incorporate aspects of network dynamics and information from published literature to supervise gene discovery. ARACNe generated a cellular network and predicted interactions for each TF during rejection and quiescence. Genes ranked highest by priority score included those related to apoptosis, humoural and cellular immune response such as GA binding protein transcription factor (GABP), nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB), Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain (FADD) and c-AMP response element binding protein. We used the TF CREB to validate our network. ARACNe predicted 29 putative first-neighbour genes of CREB. Eleven of these (37%) were previously reported. Out of the 18 unknown predicted interactions, 14 primers were identified and 11 could be immunoprecipitated (78.6%). Overall, 75% (n= 22) inferred CREB targets were validated, a significantly higher fraction than randomly expected (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Our results confirm the accuracy of ARACNe to reconstruct the PBMC transcriptional network and show the utility of systems biological approaches to identify possible molecular targets and biomarkers.
Characterization of Oxidized Polymer‐Derived SiBCN Fibers (2001)

The oxidation behavior of a developmental amorphous SiBCN fiber was investigated. Fibers were heat‐treated in stagnant laboratory air at temperatures of 1300°–1500°C for 1 or 2 h. The oxidized SiBCN fibers contained three distinct concentric layers, each increasing in oxygen concentration from the core to the outer surface. The unreacted fiber core retained its amorphous nature. The first oxidation layer next to the core consisted of a mixture of amorphous SiBCNO and turbostratic BN, which evolved into a more oxygen‐rich glass with hexagonal and turbostratic BN grains dispersed throughout nearer the surface. The second layer consisted of essentially pure silica glass with no detectable B, C, or N present. The outermost layer in the fiber oxidized at 1500°C had devitrified to cristobalite. The fiber suffered significant strength degradation after oxidation.
Importance of growth hormone for the induction of hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors. (1992)

This investigation was undertaken to determine the possible role of growth hormone (GH) in the hormonal regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression. Treatment of normal rats with estrogen (ethynylestradiol, 5 mg/kg per day) increased the number of hepatic LDL receptors, and the LDL receptor mRNA levels were increased 2.4-fold. However, when hypophysectomized rats were treated with estrogen, the hepatic LDL receptor number and the mRNA levels only increased slightly. Treatment with GH was important to restore the induction of hepatic LDL receptors in hypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats. Further, the hypocholesterolemic effect of estrogen was abolished in hypophysectomized rats, and GH reversed this effect. To assess the effect of GH in humans, hepatic LDL receptor binding activity was determined in liver biopsy specimens from gallstone patients pretreated with GH (12 international units/day) prior to operation. GH administration induced hepatic LDL receptors approximately 2-fold, and this was accompanied by a 25% decrease in serum cholesterol. The LDL receptor stimulation caused by GH treatment was of similar magnitude as that observed upon 3 weeks of treatment with an established hypolipidemic drug (pravastatin or simvastatin). The data show that GH has an important role in the regulation of hepatic LDL receptors and suggest that GH secretion may be important for the control of plasma LDL levels in humans.
A correlative histochemical and immunological electron microscopy of the alveolar lining layer of the lung (1978)

Objective: The alveolar lining layer or film has attract the much attention of various physiologist and biochemist initially as is related with the interface action of the lung. von Neeargars is the first investigation who called an attention of the surfactant activity or surface tention in the lung. Since then various literature are accumulated on the biochemical or biophysical properties of the surfactant attention. From the ultrastructual point of view, Gil &amp; Weibel and Dermer's described the methodological approaches to demonstrate the phospholipid (Dipalmitoyl lecithin). However, whether they represent the precised and critical surfactant materials are remaining still controversial. Kikkawa also described the method to purity the isolated type II cells which will give further informative basis of the biological action of the cells. The present investigation is performed to make a critical evaluation of the surfactant interacting patterns of the surfactant action, mucopolysaccharide and apoprotein layers from histochemical and immunochemical viewpoint.
8 - Caractérisation spectrale d'un système d'impression jet d'encre à huit encres (2004)

The experimental setup of a 8-channel inkjet printing system is proposed in this article. The aim is spectral&#13;\nreproduction, that is to reproduce picture within a spectral match with an original picture. A spectral model of the&#13;\nprinter based on the Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer YNSN equation is presented, discussed, and evaluated&#13;\nexperimentally. This model can provide a fast estimate of the color response and spectral response of the printer.&#13;\nAlthough the spectral and colorimetric precision of the printer model leaves room for improvement, the presented&#13;\nresearch forms an interesting foundation for further research in the field of spectral color reproduction.
3D Reconstructed Cyto-, Muscarinic M2 Receptor, and Fiber Architecture of the Rat Brain Registered to the Waxholm Space Atlas (2016)

High-resolution multiscale and multimodal 3D models of the brain are essential tools to understand its complex structural and functional organization. Neuroimaging techniques addressing different aspects of brain organization should be integrated in a reference space to enable topographically correct alignment and subsequent analysis of the various datasets and their modalities. The Waxholm Space (http://software.incf.org/software/waxholm-space) is a publicly available 3D coordinate-based standard reference space for the mapping and registration of neuroanatomical data in rodent brains. This paper provides a newly developed pipeline combining imaging and reconstruction steps with a novel registration strategy to integrate new neuroimaging modalities into the Waxholm Space atlas. As a proof of principle, we incorporated large scale high-resolution cyto-, muscarinic M2 receptor, and fiber architectonic images of rat brains into the 3D digital MRI based atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat in Waxholm Space. We describe the whole workflow, from image acquisition to reconstruction and registration of these three modalities into the Waxholm Space rat atlas. The registration of the brain sections into the atlas is performed by using both linear and non-linear transformations. The validity of the procedure is qualitatively demonstrated by visual inspection, and a quantitative evaluation is performed by measurement of the concordance between representative atlas-delineated regions and the same regions based on receptor or fiber architectonic data. This novel approach enables for the first time the generation of 3D reconstructed volumes of nerve fibers and fiber tracts, or of muscarinic M2 receptor density distributions, in an entire rat brain. Additionally, our pipeline facilitates the inclusion of further neuroimaging datasets, e.g., 3D reconstructed volumes of histochemical stainings or of the regional distributions of multiple other receptor types, into the Waxholm Space. Thereby, a multiscale and multimodal rat brain model was created in the Waxholm Space atlas of the rat brain. Since the registration of these multimodal high-resolution datasets into the same coordinate system is an indispensable requisite for multi-parameter analyses, this approach enables combined studies on receptor and cell distributions as well as fiber densities in the same anatomical structures at microscopic scales for the first time.
QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF ASPIRIN AND (SALICYLIC ACID AND HEAVY METALS AS IMPURATIES) IN IRAQI’S MARKET ASPIRIN TABLETS USING DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS (2018)

Objective: Easy and precise methods were developed for estimation of aspirin (ASP), impurities from such as salicylic acid (SAL) and heavy metal ions (HMI) in ASP tablets that available in the Iraqi’s market using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV–VIS spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS).Methods: HPLC separation was carried out using C18 as stationary phase and acetonitrile (ACN): water in the ratio of (10: 90 v/v) as a mobile phase for HPLC method and as a solvent for UV-VIS spectrophotometric for quantitative ASP and SAL at 254 nm for HPLC, 226 and 296 nm for UV measurements. AAS was used for HMI determination.Results: ASP and SAL gave absorbance maxima at 226 and 296 nm in ACN: H2O solvent. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.05-20 for ASP and 0.02-8 µg/ml for SAL. Correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9996 and 0.9992 for ASP and SAL respectively, for HPLC and LOD value was 0.006 for ASP and 0.004 μg/ml for SAL. The % recovery for the developed method was found to be in the range of (98.80 to 101.26%) and (98.67 to 103.33%) for ASP and SAL respectively, within the acceptable range, that approved by world health organization (WHO).Conclusion: The proposed method can help research studies, quality control and routine analysis with lesser resources available. The results of the assay of pharmaceutical formulation of the developed method are highly reliable and reproducible and is in good agreement with the label claim of the medicines.
Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving. (1996)

Evidence accumulated over more than 45 years has indicated that environmental stimuli can induce craving for drugs of abuse in individuals who have addictive disorders. However, the brain mechanisms that subserve such craving have not been elucidated. Here a positron emission tomographic study shows increased glucose metabolism in cortical and limbic regions implicated in several forms of memory when human volunteers who abuse cocaine are exposed to drug-related stimuli. Correlations of metabolic increases in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe (amygdala), and cerebellum with self-reports of craving suggest that a distributed neural network, which integrates emotional and cognitive aspects of memory, links environmental cues with cocaine craving.
Some developments in Loran (1960)

Most of you are familiar with standard Loran (Loran-A) which has been in operation and providing radio-navigation service for nearly two decades. Briefly, Loran-A consists of transmissions of accurately timed, carefully shaped pulses of radio-frequency energy from synchronized master-slave stations to a user in the service area. The navigator's Loran-A receiver-indicator identifies the transmitting stations and measures the difference in microseconds between the times of receipt of the two pulses by comparison of their demodulated envelopes. The time difference thus measured locates the navigator on one of a family of hyperbolas whose foci are at the transmitting stations.
Thermal Gating of TRP Ion Channels: Food for Thought? (2006)

Members of the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels mediate a wide range of sensory modalities, including thermosensation and taste. Among the "thermo-TRPs," some, such as TRPV1, are activated by warm temperatures, whereas others, such as TRPM8, are activated by cold. How is temperature able to have such strong and opposing effects on these related channels? Although at a structural level the answer to this question is not known, an elegant biophysical model has been proposed that accounts for the different thermosensitivities of TRP channels. This model posits that temperature acts by shifting the inherent weak voltage sensitivity of TRPV1 and TRPM8 in opposite directions, thus promoting opening of TRPV1 at warm temperatures and TRPM8 at cold temperatures. TRPM5, which is distantly related to TRPM8, is a Ca2+-activated cation channel expressed in taste cells that is essential for sweet, bitter, and umami tastes. Like TRPV1 and TRPM8, TRPM5 is weakly sensitive to voltage and thus may also be temperature sensitive. A recent report shows that activity of TRPM5 is increased at warm temperatures, suggesting that heat may enhance the perception of taste through direct modulation of the putative taste transduction channel.
Enhancement of PCRs by Partial Restriction Digestion of Genomic Templates (1999)

Genomic DNA preparations derived from mammalian cells can often exhibit poor template activity in PCR, particularly when carried out on target sequences present at low copy number. Using genomic DNA bearing SV40 sequences integrated into host chromosomal DNA at low copy number as a target, we show that template efficiency can be dramatically enhanced after treatment of the genomic template with restriction enzymes for varying periods of time. Also, our results indicate that, while template activity was enhanced by all of the restriction enzymes tested, optimal digestion time varied for each enzyme.
The role of TBK1 and IKKϵ in the expression and activation of Pellino 1 (2011)

Mammalian Pellino isoforms are phosphorylated by IRAK (interleukin receptor associated kinase) 1/IRAK4 in vitro, converting them into active E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the present paper we report a striking enhancement in both transcription of the gene encoding Pellino 1 and Pellino 1 protein expression when murine BMDMs (bone-marrow-derived macrophages) are stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or poly(I:C). This induction occurs via a TRIF [TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor)-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β]-dependent IRAK-independent pathway and is prevented by inhibition of the IKK [IκB (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB) kinase]-related protein kinases, TBK1 {TANK [TRAF (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor)-associated nuclear factor κB activator]-binding kinase 1} and IKKε. Pellino 1 is not induced in IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3)-/- BMDMs, and its induction is only reduced slightly in type 1 interferon receptor-/- BMDMs, identifying Pellino 1 as a new IRF3-dependent gene. We also identify Pellino 1 in a two-hybrid screen using IKKε as bait, and show that IKKε/TBK1 activate Pellino 1 in vitro by phosphorylating Ser76, Thr288 and Ser293. Moreover, we show that the E3 ligase activity of endogenous Pellino 1 is activated in LPS- or poly(I:C)-stimulated macrophages. This occurs more rapidly than the increase in Pellino 1 mRNA and protein expression, is prevented by the inhibition of IKKε/TBK1 and is reversed by phosphatase treatment. Thus IKKε/TBK1 mediate the activation of Pellino 1's E3 ligase activity, as well as inducing the transcription of its gene and protein expression in response to TLR3 and TLR4 agonists.
Electroanalysis of Crude Oil and Petroleum-Based Fuel for Trace Metals:  Evaluation of Different Microwave-Assisted Sample Decompositions and Stripping Techniques (2006)

Electroanalytical stripping techniques have been well-used for trace-metal determinations, because of their remarkable sensitivity and selectivity. However, when these techniques are applied for organic materials, such as crude oil and petroleum-based fuels, the samples must be decomposed. This paper evaluates the use of different microwave ovens for the decomposition of crude oil and diesel fuel to determine the content of copper, lead, mercury, and zinc in the digestates. A focused-microwave (FM) oven using H2SO4/HNO3/H2O2, operated at atmospheric pressure, and a closed-vessel microwave (CVM) oven using HNO3/H2O2, operated under pressure in a vessel, were evaluated. Square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) and stripping chronopotentiometry (SCP) at gold film electrodes were applied for copper, lead, and mercury. Potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) at mercury film electrodes was applied for copper, lead, and zinc. SWSV was more affected by residual organic matter, especially for lead determination. SCP presented higher sensitivity for copper and mercury at gold electrodes. PSA at mercury electrodes was preferred for lead and zinc determination. Better detection limits were attained for FM-digested solutions, after 0.8−1.0 g of sample can be digested, in contrast to the low quantities (0.10−0.25 g) used when pressurized vessels were explored. Nevertheless, the loss of mercury was verified when samples were decomposed in the FM oven.