gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cochlear outer hair cells undergo an apical circumference remodeling constrained by the hair bundle shape (2010)

Epithelial cells acquire diverse shapes relating to their different functions. This is particularly relevant for the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), whose apical and basolateral shapes accommodate the functioning of these cells as mechano-electrical and electromechanical transducers, respectively. We uncovered a circumferential shape transition of the apical junctional complex (AJC) of OHCs, which occurs during the early postnatal period in the mouse, prior to hearing onset. Geometric analysis of the OHC apical circumference using immunostaining of the AJC protein ZO1 and Fourier-interpolated contour detection characterizes this transition as a switch from a rounded-hexagon to a non-convex circumference delineating two lateral lobes at the neural side of the cell, with a negative curvature in between. This shape tightly correlates with the 'V'-configuration of the OHC hair bundle, the apical mechanosensitive organelle that converts sound-evoked vibrations into variations in cell membrane potential. The OHC apical circumference remodeling failed or was incomplete in all the mouse mutants affected in hair bundle morphogenesis that we tested. During the normal shape transition, myosin VIIa and myosin II (A and B isoforms) displayed polarized redistributions into and out of the developing lobes, respectively, while Shroom2 and F-actin transiently accumulated in the lobes. Defects in these redistributions were observed in the mutants, paralleling their apical circumference abnormalities. Our results point to a pivotal role for actomyosin cytoskeleton tensions in the reshaping of the OHC apical circumference. We propose that this remodeling contributes to optimize the mechanical coupling between the basal and apical poles of mature OHCs.
A Model and Experimental Validation to Predict Heating Rates for Overlap Between Ferrite Recrystallization and Austenite Transformation in Dual Phase Steel Manufacture (2019)

A systematic theoretical and experimental study has been conducted to predict the heating rates required to obtain a pre-defined percentage of overlap between the ferrite recrystallization process and the austenite formation process in dual phase steel manufacture. Isothermal recrystallization kinetics for three different cold-reduced low-carbon micro-alloyed steels (50%, 60%, and 75%) with ferrite-pearlite-bainite initial microstructures was evaluated. Using various experimentally determined rate kinetic constants and critical temperatures, a continuous heating rate model which predicts the heating rate required for a predefined amount of overlap was successfully developed. The model predicted the heating rates required for a predefined 1%, 15%, 34%, 67%, 88% and 99% of overlap to be 0.2°C/s, 0.9°C/s, 1.8°C/s, 7°C/s, 50.5°C/s and 511°C/s, respectively. The experimentally determined recrystallization percentage values validated the predicted heating rates.
The Meniscograph as a Quality Control Tool—A Case Study in Solderability Testing (1984)

With the ever increasing requirement for improved mass soldering defect levels, more and more emphasis is being placed on process control, one of the major variables being solderability, the testing of which was until recently very subjective.
Resonances in cross-phase modulation impairment in wavelength-division-multiplexed lightwave transmission (1999)

Cross-phase modulation impairment resonances exist in wavelength-division-multiplexed lightwave systems when channels are spaced such that there occurs an integral number of bit walkthroughs per amplifier span. We have observed these resonances in transmission through 624-km standard single-mode fiber systems having amplifier span lengths of 40, 80, or 120 km. Q measurements of a 2.5-Gb/s five-channel system over 8/spl times/80 km with +7 dBm/channel predict on-resonance bit-error rates (BER's) that are several orders of magnitude higher than off-resonance BER's.
Kinetic factors that affect the extraction separation of americium and curium in the di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid system (1988)

The kinetics of mass transfer and the equilibrium distribution of americium(III) and curium(III) in the two-phase D2EHPA, decane-EDTA, water system were studied. The kinetic parameters can be used to increase efficiency of separation in liquid extraction, membrane extraction, and extraction chromatography of these elements in the above system.
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Clinical Candida Species Isolated from Tunisian Hospitals (2013)

Antifungal resistance of Candida species is a clinical problem in the management of diseases caused by these pathogens. In this study we identified from a collection of 423 clinical samples taken from Tunisian hospitals two clinical Candida species (Candida albicans JEY355 and Candida tropicalis JEY162) with decreased susceptibility to azoles and polyenes. For JEY355, the fluconazole (FLC) MIC was 8 μg/ml. Azole resistance in C. albicans JEY355 was mainly caused by overexpression of a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily, Mdr1. The regulator of Mdr1, MRR1, contained a yet-unknown gain-of-function mutation (V877F) causing MDR1 overexpression. The C. tropicalis JEY162 isolate demonstrated cross-resistance between FLC (MIC > 128 μg/ml), voriconazole (MIC > 16 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (MIC > 32 μg/ml). Sterol analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that ergosterol was undetectable in JEY162 and that it accumulated 14α-methyl fecosterol, thus indicating a perturbation in the function of at least two main ergosterol biosynthesis proteins (Erg11 and Erg3). Sequence analyses of C. tropicalis ERG11 (CtERG11) and CtERG3 from JEY162 revealed a deletion of 132 nucleotides and a single amino acid substitution (S258F), respectively. These two alleles were demonstrated to be nonfunctional and thus are consistent with previous studies showing that ERG11 mutants can only survive in combination with other ERG3 mutations. CtERG3 and CtERG11 wild-type alleles were replaced by the defective genes in a wild-type C. tropicalis strain, resulting in a drug resistance phenotype identical to that of JEY162. This genetic evidence demonstrated that CtERG3 and CtERG11 mutations participated in drug resistance. During reconstitution of the drug resistance in C. tropicalis, a strain was obtained harboring only defective Cterg11 allele and containing as a major sterol the toxic metabolite 14α-methyl-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3α,6β-diol, suggesting that ERG3 was still functional. This strain therefore challenged the current belief that ERG11 mutations cannot be viable unless accompanied by compensatory mutations. In conclusion, this study, in addition to identifying a novel MRR1 mutation in C. albicans, constitutes the first report on a clinical C. tropicalis with defective activity of sterol 14α-demethylase and sterol Δ(5,6)-desaturase leading to azole-polyene cross-resistance.
Evolution of the magnetic properties and magnetic structures along the RmMIn3m+2 (R=Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb; M=Rh, Ir; and m=1,2) series of intermetallic compounds (2006)

We discuss the evolution of the magnetic properties and magnetic structures along the series of intermetallic compounds RmMIn3m+2 (R=Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb; M=Rh, Ir; and m=1,2). The m=1,2 are, respectively, the single layer and bilayer tetragonal derivatives of their cubic RIn3 relatives. Using a mean field model including an isotropic first-neighbors Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida interaction (K) and the tetragonal crystalline electrical field (CEF), we demonstrated that, for realistic values of K and CEF parameters, one can qualitatively describe the direction of the ordered moments and the behavior of the ordering temperature for these series. The particular case, where the rare-earth ordered moments lie in the ab plane or are tilted from the c axis and TN can be reduced by tuning the CEF parameters, revealed an interesting kind of frustration that may be relevant to the physical properties of complex classes of materials such as the RmMIn3m+2 (M=Rh, Ir, and Co; m=1,2) heavy-fermion superconductors.
Downregulation of STAT3 and activation of MAPK are involved in the induction of apoptosis by HNK in glioblastoma cell line U87 (2014)

Honokiol [3,5-di-(2-propenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-2,2-diol; HNK], a natural bioactive molecular compound isolated from the Magnolia officinalis, exhibits potent antitumor activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines. However, few studies have reported the antineoplastic effects of HNK on glioblastoma cells. It remains unknown how apoptosis is induced by HNK in glioblastoma cells and through which associated pathway this compound acts. The present study confirmed that HNK inhibited proliferation of glioblastoma cells by inducing a slight G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We demonstrated for the first time that HNK triggered apoptosis of glioblastoma cells through both caspase-independent and caspase-dependent pathways, the latter including the extrinsic pathway and intrinsic pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of STAT3 signaling, ERK1/2 as well as activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway may be involved in apoptosis induced by HNK in U87 cells. Our findings suggest that HNK treatment could be a promising therapeutic strategy in human glioblastoma.
Advantages of Mott barrier mixer diodes (1973)

It is shown that the high-frequency performance of miter diodes can be appreciably improved by employing a Mort barrier instead of a Schottky barrier. The larger junction diameters possible with Mott structures also allow a better burnout capability and improved mechanical stability.
Eliciting Worker Preference for Task Completion (2018)

Current crowdsourcing platforms provide little support for worker feedback. Workers are sometimes invited to post free text describing their experience and preferences in completing tasks. They can also use forums such as Turker Nation1 to exchange preferences on tasks and requesters. In fact, crowdsourcing platforms rely heavily on observing workers and inferring their preferences implicitly. In this work, we believe that asking workers to indicate their preferences explicitly improve their experience in task completion and hence, the quality of their contributions. Explicit elicitation can indeed help to build more accurate worker models for task completion that captures the evolving nature of worker preferences. We design a worker model whose accuracy is improved iteratively by requesting preferences for task factors such as required skills, task payment, and task relevance. We propose a generic framework, develop efficient solutions in realistic scenarios, and run extensive experiments that show the benefit of explicit preference elicitation over implicit ones with statistical significance.
Do Fukui Function Maxima Relate to Sites of Metabolism? A Critical Case Study (2005)

The usefulness of local reactivity descriptors for understanding drug metabolism is investigated. Electrophilic Fukui functions are calculated for 18 drugs and 11 agrochemicals and their relation to experimentally observed metabolites is discussed. Maxima of the Fukui functions correspond to major sites of metabolic attack in many examples, facilitating a posteriori understanding of experimental findings. In the second part of the paper, the nature of the electrophilic oxidant species in cytochromes, called "Compound I" (Cpd I), is investigated within the Fukui framework. Nucleophilic Fukui functions are calculated involving the relevant spin states of Cpd I, allowing a more qualitative, intuitive understanding of its reactivity.
Bandgaps and antiresonances in integrated-ARROWs and Bragg fibers; a simple model (2008)

We consider the spectral properties of dielectric waveguides with low refractive index cores and binary layered claddings, such as Bragg fibers and integrated-ARROWs. We show that the full, nontrivial, 2-D spectrum of Bloch bands (hence bandgaps) of such claddings correspond, in structure and topology, to the dispersion properties of both constituent layer types; quantitatively demonstrating an intimate relationship between the bandgap and antiresonance guidance mechanisms. The dispersion functions of these layers, and the interactions thereof, thus form what we coin the Stratified Planar Anti-Resonant Reflecting OpticalWaveguide (SPARROW) model, capable of quantitative, analytic, descriptions of many nontrivial bandgap and antiresonance properties. The SPARROW model is useful for the spectral analysis and design of Bragg fibers and integrated-ARROWs with cores of arbitrary refractive index (equal to or less than the lowest cladding index). Both waveguide types are of interest for sensing and microfluidic applications due to their natural ability to guide light within low-index cores, permitting low-loss guidance within a large range of gases and liquids. A liquid-core Bragg fiber is discussed as an example, demonstrating the applicability of the SPARROW model to realistic and important waveguide designs.
Syntactic Dependence and the Computer Generation of Coherent Discourse (1963)

An experiment in the computer generation of coherent discourse was successfully conducted to test a hypothesis about the transitive nature of syntactic dependency relations among elements of the English language. The two primary components of the experimental computer program consisted of a phrase structure generation grammar capable of generating grammatical nonsense, and a monitoring system which would abort the generation process whenever it was apparent that the dependency structure of a sentence being generated was not in harmony with the dependency relations existing in an input source text. The final outputs of the system were coherent paraphrases of the source text. An implication of the hypothesis is that certain types of dependency relations are invariant under a variety of linguistic transformations. Potential applications include automatic kernelizing, question answering, automatic essay writing, and automatic abstracting systems. The question of the validity of transitive dependency models for languages other than English should be explored.
The Development of a Satellite Family Health Center (1974)

One proposed method for delivery of primary health care to underserved areas is the establishment of family health centers connected administratively to hospitals. This paper describes the development of a family health center by a community hospital to serve a town which had previously been unable to attract a physician.
Optimized Beaconless Geo-Routing for Smart Utility Networks (2013)

In this letter, we propose to employ beaconless geo-routing in conjunction with the recently ratified IEEE 802.15.4g physical layer standard for smart utility networks. We devise a simple yet an optimized mechanism for selecting the best candidate relaying node. We then compare the end-to-end energy performance of the optimized protocol with the routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL); an IETF standardized specification. We demonstrate that the optimized protocol outperforms RPL particularly when the smart meters are situated more than one hop away from the sink.
Post-capillary Immobilon-P membrane fraction collection for capillary electrophoresis. (1993)

A simple, cost-effective and efficient method of continuous fraction collection for capillary electrophoresis is described. The method employs a membrane, such as polyvinylidene difluoride, onto which the separated components from a capillary electrophoresis capillary are directly collected to overcome the problem of analyte dilution and to facilitate the fraction collection process. Model proteins are separated and collected onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane.
PREPUTIALDEMODEXSPECIES IN BIG BROWN BATS (EPTESICUS FUSCUS) IN EASTERN TENNESSEE (2013)

The presence of preputial Demodex species in four captive, wild-caught big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in eastern Tennessee, USA, examined between 2008 and 2010 is reported. In three of four cases, there was associated folliculitis, dermatitis, or preputial adenitis. There were no clinical signs directly attributable to the mites, although penile prolapse was present in one case. Mites were retrieved from preputial skin samples of other archival big brown bats by potassium hydroxide digestion and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 99.6% homology to Demodex canis, although morphologic differences distinguish the two species. Mites of this report differ in anatomic location from Demodex spp. previously reported in bats and represent a species unreported to public databases.
Rapid activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III in mitogen-stimulated human fibroblasts. Correlation with intracellular Ca2+ transients. (1987)

Growth-arrested human fibroblasts respond to mitogenic stimulation with a rapid, transient increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+. This event may be crucial to the activation of Na/H exchange and subsequent DNA synthesis. Previous studies have implicated calmodulin (CaM) as a possible mediator of the effects of Ca2+ on these processes. here, we demonstrate that a specific CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaM-PK) system is rapidly activated in quiescent fibroblasts stimulated by a variety of mitogens. Cytoplasmic extracts of two human fibroblast cell types contained a major Ca2+-stimulated phosphoprotein of Mr 100,000 and pI 6.8 (Mr 100,000). This protein was shown by peptide mapping and immunological criteria to be identical to the prominent CaM-PK III substrate previously identified in a number of mammalian cells and tissues (Palfrey, H. C. (1983) FEBS Lett. 157, 183-190; Nairn, A.C., Bhagat, B., and Palfrey, H.C. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7939-7943). Stimulation of 32P-labeled serum-deprived fibroblasts with serum, individual growth factors (bradykinin, vasopressin, and epidermal growth factor), or Ca2+ ionophores resulted in a rapid 2- to 10-fold increase in the phosphorylation of Mr 100,000 as determined by immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antibodies. With serum or individual growth factors, the effect peaked at 0.5-1 min then declined back to base line within 5 min. Time course studies showed that the phosphorylation state of Mr 100,000 closely paralleled but lagged slightly behind the Ca2+ transient (measured with fura-2). Thus, dephosphorylation of Mr 100,000 must follow shortly after Ca2+ levels begin to decline. The effects of serum, bradykinin, and vasopressin on both the rise in intracellular Ca2+ and the phosphorylation of Mr 100,000 were independent of external Ca2+, whereas the effects of epidermal growth factor and A23187 required external Ca2+. Phosphorylation of Mr 100,000 in intact cells took place on threonine residues, a major portion occurring in the same major phosphopeptide found in the protein labeled in vitro. These results show that mitogenic activation of human fibroblasts leads to the binding of Ca2+ to CaM and the subsequent activation of CaM-dependent processes.
A Novel Characterization of Distributed Sensor Networks within the DoD (2012)

Abstract : Distributed sensor networks (DSN) within the DoD are motivated by a need for pervasive and persistent military surveillance, as addressed in Navy DoD guidance documents. Previous studies have sought to characterize DSNs based on various attributes, taxonomies, and design spaces from more of a theoretical perspective. This paper differs from previous studies by focusing on the establishment and use of measurable, orthogonal, design-level, discriminating attributes (discriminators) for classifying DSNs. DoD and non-DoD applications are then characterized in light of these discriminators. Senior Navy/DoD leadership and other decision makers interested in understanding the characterization of DSNs within the DoD, will find this paper valuable.
Advances in Semiconductor Nanostructures for Photonic Applications (2011)

In this paper we present the concept and demonstration of novel photovoltaic and electro-optic devices, and photoelectrochemical cells based on various semiconductor nanostructures, specifically compound semiconductor quantum wells and nanowires, and the use of plasmonic and related scattering effects from metal or dielectric nanoparticles to increase efficiency of optical absorption. Quantum-well solar cells were fabricated with scattering from metallic or dielectric nanostructures incorporated to direct incident photons into lateral, optically confined paths with high electromagnetic field intensity within relatively thin multiple-quantum-well regions to maximize quantum efficiency of photon absorption. The internal structure of quantum wells in quantum-well solar cells was also analyzed and characterized; the incorporation of a suitable potential step within each quantum well was explored for improvement in power conversion efficiency. Vertical nanowire arrays were engineered to optimize optical confinement within the nanowires, and core-shell heterostructures were employed to achieve broad-spectrum absorption while maintaining high open-circuit voltages. Large linear electro-optic effect is observed in the nanowire arrays. Branched nanowire photoelectrochemical cells were also made and characterized for their spectral incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency. These works have been sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation.
Solidification Analysis of Mod. 9Cr-1Mo Steel (2010)

Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel has been applied to the parts of boiler in thermal power plants due to its excellent properties at high temperatures. In recent years, this steel also has been applied to the parts of turbine in ultra super critical power plants.Our company has been manufactured forged products by using large ingots of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel that exceeded 20t for ten years or more, and it has been recognized that internal defects were liable to occur in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel ingot. Especially the generation of the casting defects becomes more serious problem with the size of ingot, therefore measures were taken to improve the quality of forgings about both of ingot making and forging procedure.As a result of investigation of the defects in large Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel ingots, we concluded that defects formed in forgings were caused by casting defects and eutectic Nb (C,N). And the defect was proved to be influenced considerably by solidification rate and the cooling rate by means of solidification analysis that was performed because complete sticking of defect surface was difficult and the improvement of the steel ingot was necessary. Afterwards, large ingots were produced based on the analysis and the effectiveness of the analysis was confirmed by UT and the investigation of the microstructure.As mentioned above, we were able to raise quality and the stability of the product by improving the quality of the steel ingots.