gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of features for speech, music discrimination (1999)

Several approaches have previously been taken to the problem of discriminating between speech and music signals. These have used different features as the input to the classifier and have tested and trained on different material. In this paper we examine the discrimination achieved by several different features using common training and test sets and the same classifier. The database assembled for these tests includes speech from thirteen languages and music from all over the world. In each case the distributions in the feature space were modelled by a Gaussian mixture model. Experiments were carried out on four types of feature, amplitude, cepstra, pitch and zero-crossings. In each case the derivative of the feature was also used and found to improve performance. The best performance resulted from using the cepstra and delta cepstra which gave an equal error rate (EER) of 1.28. This was closely followed by normalised amplitude and delta amplitude. This however used a much less complex model. The pitch and delta pitch gave an EER of 4% which was better than the zero-crossing which produced an EER of 6%.
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN THROMBOMODULIN GENE ON GENETICALLY ENGINEERED PIG HEARTS PROLONG CARDIAC XENOGRAFT SURVIVALS IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES (2020)

Introduction: Thrombomodulin (TBM) is a coagulation regulatory protein that has shown a protective role against coagulation dysregulation and prevented thrombotic microangiopathy and premature loss of cardiac xenografts. We have previously reported long-term cardiac xenograft survival with human TBM gene expression on genetically engineered (GE) pig hearts along with immunosuppression that includes anti-CD40 antibody. In this study, we have investigated the correlation of hTBM expression level on GE donor pig hearts with xenograft survival. Materials and Methods: Heterotopic and orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantations (XTx) were performed in SPF baboons from 3-gene (i.e. GTKO.CD46.hTBM; (n=7), multigene (i.e.GTKO.CD46.hTBM.EPCR.CD47.HO1; (n=2) and GTKO.CMAH-KO.TBM.EPCR.CD46.DAF; (n=2) GE pigs at NHLBI/NIH and University of Maryland, Baltimore. Recipients were treated with anti-CD20 mAb, CVF, ATG, anti-CD40 mAb (clone 2C10R4) i.e. low dose for short term and high dose, MMF and tapering dose of steroids. Recipients also received continuous intravenous. heparin infusion. Xenograft survival was monitored with telemetry, echocardiography, and manual palpation. The level of hTBM gene expression on porcine endothelial cells (PAEC) and explanted heart samples were examined by quantitative real-time PCR using sybr green kit from Biorad. Results: Cardiac XTx were performed without any difficulty and baboons were extubated immediately following surgery and were active, eating, and generally well soon thereafter. Orthotopic cardiac xenograft survived ranging from few hours to 30 days and whereas heterotopic cardiac xenograft survived up to 945 days. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated a variable hTBM expression (range 2 to 38 folds) on PAEC and explanted xenografts. The level of hTBM expression directly correlated with xenograft survival in both heterotopic and orthotopic cardiac XTx when 3 genes (GTKO.CD46.hTBM) porcine hearts were used. However, a strong correlation was not found between hTBM expression and graft survival when these xenografts also expressed other genes on them, or recipients received a low dose of anti CD40 antibody for the short term. Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of hTBM expression on graft survival and their high expression on donor pig along with high dose of anti CD40 mAb treatment is required to prolong cardiac xenograft survival.
Metal Rubber sensors (2005)

We report recent improvements of Metal RubberTM strain sensors formed by electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processing. The sensors may be used to measure strains from approximately 1 microstrain to several hundred percent strain, over gauge lengths ranging from approximately 1 millimeter to several tens of centimeters.
Lactation in the Human Breast From a Fluid Dynamics Point of View (2016)

This study is a collaborative effort among lactation specialists and fluid dynamic engineers. The paper presents clinical results for suckling pressure pattern in lactating human breast as well as a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of milk flow using these clinical inputs. The investigation starts with a careful, statistically representative measurement of suckling vacuum pressure, milk flow rate, and milk intake in a group of infants. The results from clinical data show that suckling action does not occur with constant suckling rate but changes in a rhythmic manner for infants. These pressure profiles are then used as the boundary condition for the CFD study using commercial ansys fluent software. For the geometric model of the ductal system of the human breast, this work takes advantage of a recent advance in the development of a validated phantom that has been produced as a ground truth for the imaging applications for the breast. The geometric model is introduced into CFD simulations with the aforementioned boundary conditions. The results for milk intake from the CFD simulation and clinical data were compared and cross validated. Also, the variation of milk intake versus suckling pressure are presented and analyzed. Both the clinical and CFD simulation show that the maximum milk flow rate is not related to the largest vacuum pressure or longest feeding duration indicating other factors influence the milk intake by infants.
Numerical simulation of the field and frequency limits for volume coils in MRI (2003)

As signal to noise ratio in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves with increasing static magnetic field strength there is a strong incentive to develop the technology to acquire images at higher fields. While magnet technology has made it possible to generate fields of 10 Tesla and more, limitations of the radio frequency (RF) hardware prevent the acquisition of high quality images over full regions of interest in clinical applications. Since its introduction, the birdcage coil [1] has become a very popular choice for volume imaging and this paper investigates the high frequency limits of several different sizes and designs of birdcage coils. Unloaded coils are simulated using commercial Method of Moments (MoM) software (FEKO [12]) and the capacitances and radii of the conductors are varied within practical limits to determine a maximum frequency of operation for each coil. Results show that practical birdcages are frequency limited to about 400 MHz for a typical head coil (27cm inside diameter, 30cm shield diameter and 25cm length); 128 MHz for a small whole body coil (60cm inside diameter, 64cm shield diameter and 70cm length) and 100 MHz for a large whole body coil (60cm inside diameter, 64cm shield diameter and 100 cm length). These limits are reduced when interactions with the load are taken into account and experience shows that a typical head coil is limited to about 200 MHz in practical experiments.
The Robert Bosch In-Line Pump for Diesel Engines, Type MW, Design, Application and Further Development (1979)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The range of Robert Bosch in-line pumps is designed for engines with cylinder outputs of up to 200 kW. Within this family of pumps the MW pump is used in small IDI engines and medium-sized DI engines with cylinder outputs in the region of 30 kW.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;More stringent exhaust emission legislation and the need to ensure optimum fuel economy call for efficient fuel-injection systems for diesel engines. In both of its designs the new MW pump meets these more exacting requirements and forms the contribution of Robert Bosch GmbH toward developing advanced diesel engines.&lt;/div&gt;
The Relationship Between Variable Selection and Data Agumentation and a Method for Prediction (1974)

We show that data augmentation provides a rather general formulation for the study of biased prediction techniques using multiple linear regression. Variable selection is a limiting case, and Ridge regression is a special case of data augmentation. We propose a way to obtain predictors given a credible criterion of good prediction.
An overview of driver feedback systems for efficiency and safety (2016)

Driver feedback systems have the potential to improve driving safety and efficiency by providing instructions to drivers aimed at improving their driving style. There is already a rich body of available literature devoted to the derivation of energy efficient speed profiles to develop driver feedback or eco-driving systems. While most of them can be applied to any type of vehicle, their effectiveness will be maximized if their formulation involves the dynamics of the particular vehicle powertrain configuration. This paper summarizes the research trends in the development of these systems that have been reported in the literature to date classifying them according to the powertrain structure and the nature of the control strategy. The study concludes with a discussion on the remaining challenges and potential future research directions.
Optimization of the Configuration of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collectors in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (2020)

This paper investigates the solar energy systems potential in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) in order to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. The Hooke-Jeeves optimization scheme (implemented in the software GenOpt) is employed to find the best configurations of the solar thermal panels (ST-panels), photovoltaic panels (PV-panels) and hot water storage tank that reduces the overall cost, including the energy demand from other supplies. Various locations with different climatic conditions (temperate, continental, and oceanic climate) were analyzed. Solar collectors' area, solar collectors' scope and volume of hot water storage tank are set as the optimization variables, while the overall cost, consisting of investment costs and operating cost, is the objective function to minimize. The optimization results show that it is preferable to dedicate a larger roof area to photovoltaic collectors in the locations where the cooling loads are higher and that a larger roof area should be reserved to thermal solar panels in the locations where the heating loads are higher.
Verifying a multiprocessor cache controller using random case generation (1989)

The newest generation of cache controller chips provide coherency to support multiprocessor systems, i.e., the controllers coordinate access to the cache memories to guarantee a single global view of memory. The cache coherency protocols they implement complicate the controller design, making design verification difficult. In the design of the cache controller for SPUR, a shared memory multiprocessor designed and built at U.C. Berkeley, the authors developed a random tester to generate and verify the complex interactions between multiple processors in the the functional simulation. Replacing the CPU model, the tester generates memory references by randomly selecting from a script of actions and checks. The checks verify correct completion of their corresponding actions. The tester was easy to develop, and detected over half of the functional bugs uncovered during simulation. They used an assembly language version of the random tester to verify the prototype hardware. A multiprocessor system is operational; it runs the Sprite operating system and is being used for experiments in parallel programming.
Massively parallel simulations of diffusion in dense polymeric structures (1997)

An original computational technique to generate close-to-equilibrium dense polymeric structures is proposed. Diffusion of small gases are studied on the equilibrated structures using massively parallel molecular dynamics simulations running on the Intel Teraflops (9216 Pentium Pro processors) and Intel Paragon (1840 processors). Compared to the current state-of-the-art equilibration methods this new technique appears to be faster by some orders of magnitude. The main advantage of the technique is that one can circumvent the bottlenecks in configuration space that inhibit relaxation in molecular dynamics simulations. The technique is based on the fact that tetravalent atoms (such as carbon and silicon) fit in the center of a regular tetrahedron and that regular tetrahedrons can be used to mesh the three-dimensional space. Thus, the problem of polymer equilibration described by continuous equations in molecular dynamics is reduced to a discrete problem where solutions are approximated by simple algorithms. Practical modeling applications include the construction of butyl rubber and ethylene-propylene-dimer-monomer (EPDM) models for oxygen and water diffusion calculations. Butyl and EPDM are used in O-ring systems and serve as sealing joints in many manufactured objects. Diffusion coefficients of small gases have been measured experimentally on both polymeric systems, and in general the diffusion coefficients in EPDM are an order of magnitude larger than in butyl. In order to better understand the diffusion phenomena, 10,000 atoms models were generated and equilibrated for butyl and EPDM. The models were submitted to a massively parallel molecular dynamics simulation to monitor the trajectories of the diffusing species. The massively parallel molecular dynamics code used in this paper achieves parallelism by a spatial-decomposition of the workload which enables it to run large problems in a scalable way where both memory cost and per-timestep execution speed scale linearly with the number of atoms being simulated. It runs efficiently on several parallel platforms, including the Intel Teraflops at Sandia. There are several diffusion modes observed depending if the diffusion is probed at short time scale (anomalous mode) or long time scale (normal mode). Ultimately, the diffusion coefficient that need to be compared with experimental data corresponds to the normal mode. The dynamics trajectories obtained with butyl and EPDM demonstrated that the normal mode was reached for diffusion within one nanosecond of simulation. In agreement with experimental evidences, the oxygen and water diffusion coefficients were found larger for EPDM than butyl.
Pushing Resolution Limits of Functional Imaging to Probe Atomic Scale Properties (2008)

Recent advances in probing properties at very high spatial resolution are enabling remarkable progress in understanding local physical and chemical phenomena. Additionally, these observations raise questions as to the ultimate limit of resolution in what are considered continuum properties. As complex property probes achieve increasingly high spatial resolution, they approach the transition between continuum and atomistic descriptions of properties. The recent observations imply that further advances are imminent.
Microwave-Assisted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition in Water Using a Heterogeneous Cu-Catalyst (2013)

Abstract Several triazoles have been synthesized. They were obtained by a Cu-catalyzed cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. The reaction takes place in aqueous media under microwave irradiation using a copper catalyst based on porous glass. The products have been characterized by infrared, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR in addition to melting = point determination. Furthermore the in situ building of some azides and alkynes and the influence of the used metal species was investigated.
Modeling and simulation of high-speed milling centers dynamics (2010)

High-speed machining is a milling operation in industrial production of aeronautic parts, molds, and dies. The parts production is being reduced because of the slowing down of the machining resulting from the tool path discontinuity machining strategy. In this article, we propose a simulation tool of the machine dynamic behavior, in complex parts machining. For doing this, analytic models have been developed expressing the cutting tool feed rate. Afterwards, a simulation method, based on numerical calculation tools, has been structured. In order to validate our approach, we have compared the simulation results with the experimental ones for the same examples.
Video super-resolution using controlled subpixel detector shifts (2005)

Video cameras must produce images at a reasonable frame-rate and with a reasonable depth of field. These requirements impose fundamental physical limits on the spatial resolution of the image detector. As a result, current cameras produce videos with a very low resolution. The resolution of videos can be computationally enhanced by moving the camera and applying super-resolution reconstruction algorithms. However, a moving camera introduces motion blur, which limits super-resolution quality. We analyze this effect and derive a theoretical result showing that motion blur has a substantial degrading effect on the performance of super-resolution. The conclusion is that, in order to achieve the highest resolution, motion blur should be avoided. Motion blur can be minimized by sampling the space-time volume of the video in a specific manner. We have developed a novel camera, called the "jitter camera," that achieves this sampling. By applying an adaptive super-resolution algorithm to the video produced by the jitter camera, we show that resolution can be notably enhanced for stationary or slowly moving objects, while it is improved slightly or left unchanged for objects with fast and complex motions. The end result is a video that has a significantly higher resolution than the captured one.
A Probabilistic Framework for Multi-Sensor, Multi-Detector Localization Systems: Application to Vehicle Guidance (2006)

One of the major current developments in outdoor robotic aims at providing vehicles with automatic guidance capabilities. Such systems need a localization module to work. However, indoor localization methods are not directly usable in outdoor due to noise and the dynamic aspect of these environments. In this paper, we propose an original active localization system relying on sensors fusion able to supply an accurate position with a high confidence level. The main contributions of this work are: (1) The introduction of the "perceptive triplet" notion that associates landmarks, sensors and detectors to supervise the detections. (2) The use of a supervisor that determines at each time which landmark, with which sensor and detector, should be used to detect this landmark in order to improve the localization. The supervisor constitutes the intelligent part of this localization system. It decides when it's necessary to detect a landmark. (3) The integration of a confidence level over the vehicle's pose estimation that permits to take wrong matching hypothesis into account. Our system was tested in an outdoor environment, where it succeeded in accurately localizing the vehicle during automatic guidance.
Immunochemical Demonstration of Red Oak Pollen Aeroallergens outside the Oak Pollination Season (1989)

Abstract Airborne red oak (Quercus rubra) allergens were collected with volumetric air samplers during 1983–1985 and quantitated immunochemically using red oak pollen proteins adsorbed to plastic microtiter plates and pooled IgE-containing sera from seven oak-sensitive persons. Peak levels of allergen occurred in late April to early May and coincided with peak oak pollen counts from Rotoslide collections. However, additional peaks of oak allergenic activity were measured during July through early October, at times when oak pollen was not airborne. Most of the allergen was in particles smaller than 5 microns even during the pollination period. These peaks coincided with changes in wind from the usual northwest direction to a southernly direction. Among 19 other tree, grass, weed, mold, or insect allergens tested, only birch, and, to a lesser extent, willow, cross-reacted with red oak. We postulate that bits of decaying leaves, male catkins during the summer and early fall and other plant particles become airborne during changes in wind direction and velocity. Because other allergens, such as ragweed, Alternaria, grass and insects, are also abundant in late summer and fall, it will be very difficult to determine the degree to which this oak allergen contributes to late summer hay fever and asthma.
Statins and their role in vascular protection (2003)

The statins reduce cholesterol synthesis through inhibition of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase and are widely prescribed for hyperlipidaemia to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic complications. The beneficial effect of lipid lowering by statins in the treatment of coronary heart disease has been demonstrated in large clinical trials. However, statins appear to have additional benefits on vascular function above and beyond their lipid lowering effects. Through inhibition of L-mevalonate synthesis, statins also prevent the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates, including farnesylpyrophosphate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate. Isoprenylation is important in the post-translational modification of a variety of proteins, including the small GTPases Rho, Rac and Ras, and hence plays an integral role in cellular signalling. Moreover, interference with isoprenylation underlies many of the beneficial actions of the statins on vascular endothelium, which include increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, pro-angiogenic effects, increased fibrinolytic activity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, including increased resistance to complement. This has led to interest in the use of this class of drugs outside the realm of cardiovascular disease.
Carboxylated Hydroxyethyl Starch: A novel Polysaccharide for the Delivery of Doxorubicin (2014)

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was interacted with succinic anhydride affording a carboxylated derivative which has proved to be a promising polymeric drug delivery system. Specifically, this polymer is conveniently prepared, is biodegradable, non-immunogenic, and can encapsulate doxorubicin due to the protonation of the primary amino group of doxorubicin by the carboxylic group located on the branched scaffold of the polysaccharide. In addition, due to the polyhydroxylated character of the polysaccharide, the latter can act as a protective coating in an analogous manner to the PEG-chains ensuring prolonged circulation in vivo. In vitro experiments showed controlled release of doxorubicin to the nuclei of DU145 prostate cancer cells when the anticancer drug is incorporated in the carboxylated hydroxyethyl starch.
Pseudo-CR Performance evaluation of AL-FEC and MCS dimensionning (2018)

Document S4-180128, URL: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/TSG_SA/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_97/Docs/S4-180128.zip
Measurement of internal stresses in coatings using time resolved fluorescence (1997)

Abstract This paper describes a new nondestructive technique for detecting internal stresses in coatings using time resolved fluorescence. The measurement principle is based upon an experimental result that the decay time of fluorescence from poly(3‐octylthiophene), P3OT, dispersed in uniaxially‐stretched polymer films decreases with increasing tensile stress acting on the films. Internal stresses in the clear coat and in the base coat of a multilayer structure, which was composed of electrodeposited coat, surface coat, base coat, and clear coat, were estimated from the decay time of fluorescence from P3OT in both coats. The order of internal stresses in the clear coat and base coat of the multilayer system was 1 MPa. When the coatings were piled up, the internal stress decreased as the distance from a metal substrate was increased. It was found that moisture and temperature influenced internal stresses in the clear coat rather than in the base coat. Internal stress in the clear coat, which was one layer coated on a metal substrate, was measured by the traditional bimetallic method or by the time resolved fluorescence technique. Comparing both methods, it was concluded that the time resolved fluorescence technique gave reliable values for internal stresses in coatings.