gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of light extraction efficiency of InGaN quantum wells light emitting diodes using SiO2/polystyrene microlens arrays (2007)

Improvement of light extraction efficiency of InGaN quantum wells light emitting diodes (LEDs) using SiO2/polystyrene microspheres was demonstrated experimentally. The utilization of SiO2/polystyrene microlens arrays on InGaN quantum wells LEDs, deposited via rapid convective deposition, allows the increase of the effective photon escape cone and reduction in the Fresnel reflection. Improvement of output power by 219% for InGaN quantum wells LEDs emitting at peak wavelength of 480nm with SiO2/polystyrene microspheres microlens arrays was demonstrated.
Insights into fluid tapping-mode atomic force microscopy provided by numerical simulations (2005)

In an attempt to understand the physics underlying tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) operated in fluids, simulations of complete TMAFM experiments were performed based on a cantilever model invoking the damped driven harmonic oscillator with a single degree of freedom with parameters based on real experiments, the most important of which was a low quality factor (Q). Such a low-Q oscillator captures some of the essential features related to operation of TMAFM in fluids, when compared to real experiments. Fluid TMAFM (a low-Q system) is characterized by a highly anharmonic deflection signal when compared to operation in air (a high-Q system). Our model was able to capture this hallmark of fluid TMAFM without the inclusion of more nuanced hydrodynamic effects. Such modeling can aid in the understanding of tip-sample interactions in fluid TMAFM and in the development of techniques to extract meaningful mechanical surface properties from such interactions.
Laser Cooling Characterization of Yb-Doped ZBLAN Fiber as a Platform for Radiation Balanced Lasers (2019)

Recent advances in power scaling of fiber lasers are hindered by the thermal issues, which deteriorate the beam quality. Anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling has been suggested as a viable method to balance the heat generated by the quantum defect and background absorption. Such radiation-balanced configurations rely on the availability of cooling-grade rare-earth-doped gain materials. Herein, we perform a series of tests on a ytterbium-doped ZBLAN optical fiber to extract its laser cooling-related parameters and show that it is a viable laser cooling medium for radiation-balancing. In particular, a detailed Laser Induced Modulation Spectrum (LITMoS) test is performed to highlight the transition of this fiber to the cooling regime as a function of the pump laser wavelength. Numerical simulations support the feasibility of a radiation-balanced laser, but highlight that practical radiation-balanced designs are more demanding on the fiber material properties, especially on the background absorption, than are solid-state laser cooling experiments.
6 Die Energiepolitik der CDU zwischen 2005 und 2011 (2018)

Nils Kleine zeichnet die energiepolitische Programmatik der CDU von den frühen 70er Jahren bis in die jüngste Vergangenheit nach und beleuchtet exemplarisch wesentliche Konzepte und innerparteiliche Debatten auf diesem Feld. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich die energiepolitischen Grundüberzeugungen der Partei bis zur Reaktorkatastrophe von Fukushima im Jahr 2011 nur marginal veränderten. Die CDU verstand sich selbst als Partei der energiepolitischen Verlässlichkeit und Vernunft, die – anders als die SPD, die sich im Jahr 1986 offiziell für einen Ausstieg aus der Atomenergie aussprach – auf Kernkraft nicht verzichten wollte und diese stets als wichtigen Teil des heimischen Energiemixes ansah. Vor dem Hintergrund des in Reaktion auf das Atomunglück in Japan eingeleiteten Ausstiegs aus der Kernenergie bis 2022 und des radikalen Umbaus des deutschen Energiesystems bis 2050 leistet der Autor einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der historischen Entwicklungslinien eines Politikfeldes insgesamt, über das in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik hochemotional diskutiert und leidenschaftlich gestritten wurde.
BMP4 Promotes EMT and Mesodermal Commitment in Human Embryonic Stem Cells via SLUG and MSX2 (2013)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initiate differentiation in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) but the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We demonstrate here that SLUG and MSX2, transcription factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, essential features of gastrulation in development and tumor progression, are important mediators of BMP4-induced differentiation in hESCs. Phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 colocalized with the SLUG protein at the edges of hESC colonies where differentiation takes place. The upregulation of the BMP target SLUG was direct as shown by the binding of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 to its promoter, which interrupted the formation of adhesion proteins, resulting in migration. Knockdown of SLUG by short hairpin RNA blocked these changes, confirming an important role for SLUG in BMP-mediated mesodermal differentiation. Furthermore, BMP4-induced MSX2 expression leads to mesoderm formation and then preferential differentiation toward the cardiovascular lineage.
Inhibition of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (Tdp1) by neomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

2391 

DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) is the target of camptothecin and novel Top1 inhibitors are in development (Meng et al., Curr Topics Med Chem, 3: 305-320, 2003). Top1 inhibitors induce DNA damage by trapping covalent complexes between the Top1 catalytic tyrosine and the 3’-end of the broken DNA. Recently tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (Tdp1) was identified as an important enzyme hydrolyzing the tyrosyl-DNA bond thereby generating DNA 3’-phosphate ends. Inhibiting Tdp1 has the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of Top1 inhibitors (Pommier et al., Mutat Res, 532: 173-203, 2003) ( ). In the present study we report biochemical assays for Tdp1 activity using recombinant Tdp1 enzyme and model substrate oligonucleotides. Neomycin shows stronger inhibition of Tdp1 than its related chemicals paromomycin and lividomycin A. Inhibition of Tdp1 by neomycin is dependent both on the DNA substrate structure and on Tdp1 concentration. Inhibition is stronger with partial duplex DNA than single-stranded DNA substrates. Inhibition by neomycin can be overcome with excess Tdp1. Schiff base assays suggest that neomycin inhibits Tdp1 by interfering with the formation of Tdp1-DNA complexes. To our knowledge, neomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics are the first Tdp1 inhibitors reported to date. They may be used as leads for further development of Tdp1 inhibitors in combination with Top1 inhibitors.
An inexpensive rhizotron design for two-dimensional, horizontal root growth measurements (2005)

We designed, constructed, and tested an observational system that supports two-dimensional, horizontal root growth measurements over time without disturbing aboveground plant growth and without the need for destructive sampling of roots. Our rhizotrons allow for (1) studying relatively greater numbers of plants at any given time than is now possible under traditional technologies in a crop development context, (2) observing the horizontal orientation of root systems, which ultimately supports the study of competition among crop trees and between crop trees and invasive weed species, and (3) acquiring novel rooting data that can be input to a plant growth model. Our system is primarily constructed using common materials such as plexiglass and aluminum channel at approximately $375.00 per unit.
Lateral uni‐compartmental knee replacement: current concepts and future directions (2013)

Uni-compartmental knee replacement (UKR) is an attractive surgical option for the treatment of single compartment femoro-tibial osteoarthritis. While UKR for medial compartment arthritis is a well-established procedure with an excellent track record, UKR for lateral compartment arthritis has seen more limited success and remains a challenging operation, even in the hands of experienced arthroplasty surgeons. Despite this, several studies have now reported satisfactory mid- and long-term results with lateral UKR in appropriately selected patients. A better understanding of the aetiology and biomechanics of lateral compartment arthritis, as well as an appreciation for the technical challenges unique to lateral UKR, are likely to lead to improved outcomes with this procedure. The purpose of this level 4 study is to highlight the current concepts surrounding lateral UKR, to review the current body of literature, and to explore future directions for improving the results of lateral UKR.
The Cell-Layer- and Cell-Type-Specific Distribution of GalNAc-Transferases in the Ocular Surface Epithelia Is Altered during Keratinization (2003)

The presence of GalNAc-T isoenzymes in the human corneal and conjunctival epithelia is cell-layer and cell-type specific. The increased distribution of GalNAc-Ts observed in early stages of the keratinization process in patients with OCP suggests a compensatory attempt of the ocular surface epithelium to synthesize mucin-type O-glycans to maintain a wet-surface phenotype. This early increase in isoenzymes in nonkeratinized OCP epithelia is reduced as keratinization proceeds in the disease.
A Novel CCCH-Zinc Finger Protein Family Regulates Proinflammatory Activation of Macrophages (2008)

Activated macrophages play an important role in many inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling macrophage activation are not completely understood. Here we report that a novel CCCH-zinc finger protein family, MCPIP1, 2, 3, and 4, encoded by four genes, Zc3h12a, Zc3h12b, Zc3h12c, and Zc3h12d, respectively, regulates macrophage activation. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of MCPIP1 and MCPIP3 was highly induced in macrophages in response to treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although not affecting cell surface marker expression and phagocytotic function, overexpression of MCPIP1 significantly blunted LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine and NO(2)(.) production as well as their gene expression. Conversely, short interfering RNA-mediated reduction in MCPIP1 augmented LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression. Further studies demonstrated that MCPIP1 did not directly affect the mRNA stability of tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) but strongly inhibited LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and inducible nitric-oxide synthase promoter activation. Moreover, we found that forced expression of MCPIP1 significantly inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation. These results identify MCP-induced proteins, a novel CCCH-zinc finger protein family, as negative regulators in macrophage activation and may implicate them in host immunity and inflammatory diseases.
Ondaatje in somerset (2015)

This is not about cricket. That's a disclaimer for those who would glance at a landscape's principal feature and decide the route is not for them. It's not about cricket in the way that 'The Lion King' is not about lions, 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' is not about vampires, 'A League of Their Own' is not about baseball. They are about love and friendship and fragility, the things we can't escape from. It's also true that this is about cricket, in the way that 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' is about vampires. You can't have the rest without a context.
A fast cell sampler for flow cytometry (1985)

A simple device has been developed for delivering samples into a flow cytometer. Designed with economy, simplicity, and flexibility in mind, this device, having only one moving part, can be used for sample volumes as small as 20 microliter, for virtually any form of cell sample container, and for a wide range of cell concentrations. It consists essentially of a lever-operated disc valve that allows the cell sample to be loaded into a loop of tubing and then to be injected into the cytometer nozzle under pressure from a saline source. The sampler has lifted the maximum analytical throughput of a FACS II cell sorter to better than 120 samples per hour.
Stretching of BDT-gold molecular junctions: thiol or thiolate termination? (2014)

It is often assumed that the hydrogen atoms in the thiol groups of a benzene-1,4-dithiol dissociate when Au-benzene-1,4-dithiol-Au junctions are formed. We demonstrate, by stability and transport properties calculations, that this assumption can not be made. We show that the dissociative adsorption of methanethiol and benzene-1,4-dithiol molecules on a flat Au(111) surface is energetically unfavorable and that the activation barrier for this reaction is as high as 1 eV. For the molecule in the junction, our results show, for all electrode geometries studied, that the thiol junctions are energetically more stable than their thiolate counterparts. Due to the fact that density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA) underestimates the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital by several electron-volts, and that it does not capture the renormalization of the energy levels due to the image charge effect, the conductance of the Au-benzene-1,4-dithiol-Au junctions is overestimated. After taking into account corrections due to image charge effects by means of constrained-DFT calculations and electrostatic classical models, we apply a scissor operator to correct the DFT energy levels positions, and calculate the transport properties of the thiol and thiolate molecular junctions as a function of the electrodes separation.
PKC-ζ Mediates Insulin Effects on Glucose Transport in Cultured Preadipocyte-Derived Human Adipocytes (2002)

Insulin-stimulated glucose transport is impaired in the early phases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies in rodent cells suggest that atypical PKC (aPKC) isoforms (zeta, lamda, and iota) and PKB, and their upstream activators, PI3K and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), play important roles in insulin-stimulated glucose transport. However, there is no information on requirements for aPKCs, PKB, or PDK-1 during insulin action in human cell types. Presently, by using preadipocyte-derived adipocytes, we were able to employ adenoviral gene transfer methods to critically examine these requirements in a human cell type. These adipocytes were found to contain PKC-zeta, rather than PKC-lamda/iota, as their major aPKC. Expression of kinase-inactive forms of PDK-1, PKC-zeta, and PKC-lamda (which functions interchangeably with PKC-zeta) as well as chemical inhibitors of PI 3-kinase and PKC-zeta/lamda, wortmannin and the cell-permeable myristoylated PKC-zeta pseudosubstrate, respectively, effectively inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport. In contrast, expression of a kinase-inactive, activation-resistant, triple alanine mutant form of PKB-alpha had little or no effect, and expression of wild-type and constitutively active PKC-zeta or PKC-lamda increased glucose transport. Our findings provide convincing evidence that aPKCs and upstream activators, PI 3-kinase and PDK-1, play important roles in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in preadipocyte-derived human adipocytes.
Benzazole, IV. Mitteil.: Mannich‐Basen des Benzoxazolons (1956)

Abstract Benzoxazolon bildet mit sekundären Aminen und Formaldehyd Mannich‐Basen. Diese lassen sich durch Behandeln mit Essigsäure zum‐3‐Hydroxymethyl‐benzoxazolon spalten. Daraus kann das 3‐Acetoxymethyl‐ und das 3‐Chlormethyl‐benzoxazolon gewonnen werden. Letzteres setzt sich mit Benzoxazolon zum Bis‐[benzoxazolonyl‐(3)]methan um. Die Mannich‐Basen bilden gut kristallisierte Jodmethylate. Bis‐benzoxazolonyl‐alkane und Bis‐benzoxazolonyl‐Derivate von Dicarbonsäuren werden dargestellt.
Cladieunicellin J, a New Hydroperoxyeunicellin from Cladiella sp (2014)

A new 6-hydroperoxyeunicellin diterpenoid, designated as cladieunicellin J (1), was isolated from an octocoral Cladiella sp., and its structure elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 was found to exhibit cytotoxicity toward CCRF-CEM human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TIBIAL SPINE FRACTURES IN CHILDREN: A MULTICENTER INVESTIGATION (2020)

Background: Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are intra-articular avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence which tend to afflict younger, skeletally immature patients. Given the relatively rare nature of these injuries, the epidemiology is not well-understood. There have been several estimates reported from single centers, though the potential for historical and regional variability in activities and risk factors limits the generalizability of their findings. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to characterize the epidemiology of TSFs using pooled multicenter data. Hypothesis/Purpose: Report on the epidemiology of tibial spine fractures. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of patients with TSFs who were evaluated and treated at one of ten different sites across the United States. Information regarding patient demographics, injury mechanism, and imaging reports were collected. Fractures were classified according to the modified Meyers and McKeever method which groups the injuries as non-displaced (Type I), minimally displaced with an intact hinge (Type II), completely displaced (Type III), or completely displaced and comminuted (Type IV). Descriptive analyses were performed to evaluate the epidemiology of these fractures across the country. Results: We identified 469 patients (69% male; mean age 12.1 + 2.9 years) with TSFs over an eight-year period. 73% of patients were 14 years or younger. With respect to fracture severity, 5% of patients were Meyers and McKeever Type I, 35% Type II, and 50% Type III, and 10% Type IV. Overall, 60% of the fractures were completely displaced (Types III and IV). The most common mechanism of injury was a contact injury (48%), while 46% reported a non-contact twisting injury. With regard to activity at the time of injury, over half (53%) of patients were involved in sports and 14% of patients were biking recreationally. Less common causes included a fall from height (9%), motor vehicle accident (4%) recreational running (3%), and horseplay (3%). Of those injured playing sports, football (35%), skiing (21%), basketball (10%), and soccer (10%) accounted for almost 80% of the injuries in this cohort. Conclusion: Ultimately, our study represents the first multicenter analysis of the epidemiology of tibial spine fractures. The patient demographics and mechanism of injury for these injuries appears relatively consistent across geographic distributions. However, the recent rise in youth sports participation, single sport specialization, and year-round play in pediatric athletes appears to have generated a new principal risk factor for this injury in sports participation as opposed to the historically-described biking accidents. [Table: see text][Figure: see text]
Surface loss coefficients for the silyl radical (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface loss coefficients for the silyl radicalJoseph M. JasinskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 29, 7385–7387Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100131a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100131a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE REACTION BETWEEN HYDROGEN SELENIDE ION AND OXYGEN (1984)

Abstract Die Kinetik der im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung von Se für Stoffwechselvorgänge interessierende Reaktion A ist komplex und weist selbstbeschleunigendes Verhalten auf (polarographische Erfassung von [HSe ‐ ] und [O 2 ]).
Design strategies for the application server architecture/configuration (and its functions) in next-generation communication systems (2015)

The market trend for next-generation communication systems has been toward miniaturization to meet the stunning ever increasing demand for wireless mobile data, leading to the need for distributed and parallel processing system configurations that are 10 times or more cost effective, flexible, high capacity, energy efficient, and scalable. Reducing cost and size while increasing capacity and scalability requires several design paradigm shifts. This article presents design strategies to meet these goals.
High-throughput Screening of Recalcitrance Variations in Lignocellulosic Biomass: Total Lignin, Lignin Monomers, and Enzymatic Sugar Release (2015)

The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, chemicals, and other commodities has been explored as one possible pathway toward reductions in the use of non-renewable energy sources. In order to identify which plants, out of a diverse pool, have the desired chemical traits for downstream applications, attributes, such as cellulose and lignin content, or monomeric sugar release following an enzymatic saccharification, must be compared. The experimental and data analysis protocols of the standard methods of analysis can be time-consuming, thereby limiting the number of samples that can be measured. High-throughput (HTP) methods alleviate the shortcomings of the standard methods, and permit the rapid screening of available samples to isolate those possessing the desired traits. This study illustrates the HTP sugar release and pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry pipelines employed at the National Renewable Energy Lab. These pipelines have enabled the efficient assessment of thousands of plants while decreasing experimental time and costs through reductions in labor and consumables.
PACT? process for treatment of kraft mill effluent (1997)

The PACT TM process (powdered activated carbon addition to the activated sludge process) was evaluated for the treatment of Kraft pulp mill wastewater in a series of bench scale experiments. Possibly due to the relatively low strength wastewater, the PACT TM process with carbon doses between 0.5 and 1.0 g/L of influent only performed marginally better than the conventional activated sludge process. Chemical oxygen demand and toxicity, evaluated with the Microtox® assay, were among the parameters monitored. For the operating conditions tested the solids retention time had no impact on performance. The main improvement was increased in adsorbable organic halides (AOX) removal, the magnitude of the improvement was dependent on the wastewater batch and the carbon dose. However conventional activated sludge treatment will meet Ontario9s year 2000 AOX regulations. An empirical model from the literature described the data fairly well.
Measurement of muscle proteolysis and the impact on muscle wasting (1997)

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