gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Orbit System for Experimental Surgery With Enucleated Globes (1990)

A portable system for holding, accurately positioning, and restoring the physiologic integrity of enucleated globes during experimental anterior segment procedures and pars plana vitrectomy is described. A 0 to 500-mm Hg vacuum fixation ring and positioning apparatus mechanically locks globes into known spatial position while they are supported in a 2 to 6-mm Hg pressurized, pliable socket designed to match the size and pressure of a natural orbit. A gravity infusion system and an implantable piezoelectric pressure sensor in conjunction with a syringe and stopcock assembly allow for controlled inflation of globes to intraocular pressure (IOP) levels from 0 to 70 mm Hg, and to over 300 mm Hg. The fixation vacuum level, and intraocular and extraocular pressures are simultaneously monitored on 3-digit LED displays, and permanent records of each can be generated by routing data to storage devices. The anterior segment remains accessible at all times for surgical procedures and diagnostic measurements. The entire system is portable, allowing globes to be transported to multiple experimental stations, while all pressure settings and the position of the globe are maintained. To demonstrate applications of the artificial orbit system, we describe experiments using it to calibrate applanation tonometers, and to study the relationship between IOP and corneal curvature as well as the effect of trephination procedures and limbal vacuum fixation on IOP.
Advanced CD-SEM metrology for pattern roughness and local placement of lamellar DSA (2014)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) applying chemical epitaxy is one of the promising lithographic solutions for next generation semiconductor device manufacturing. We introduced Fingerprint Edge Roughness (FER) as an index to evaluate edge roughness of non-guided lamella finger print pattern, and found its correlation with the Line Edge Roughness (LER) of the lines assembled on the chemical guiding patterns. In this work, we have evaluated both FER and LER at each process steps of the LiNe DSA flow utilizing PS-b-PMMA block copolymers (BCP) assembled on chemical template wafers fabricated with Focus Exposure Matrix (FEM). As a result, we found the followings. (1) Line widths and space distances of the DSA patterns slightly differ to each other depending on their relative position against the chemical guide patterns. Appropriate condition that all lines are in the same dimensions exists, but the condition is not always same for the spaces. (2) LER and LWR (Line Width Roughness) of DSA patterns neither depend on width nor LER of the guide patterns. (3) LWR of DSA patterns are proportional to the width roughness of fingerprint pattern. (4) FER is influenced not only by the BCP formulation, but also by its film thickness. We introduced new methods to optimize the BCP formulation and process conditions by using FER measurement and local CD valuation measurement. 
Publisher’s Note: This paper, originally published on 2 April 2014, was replaced with a corrected/revised version on
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Impact of the Number of users on Error Probabilities in Multiuser Diversity Systems (2007)

Multiuser diversity gain has been investigated well in terms of a system capacity formulation in the literature. In practice, however, designs on multiuser systems with nonzero error rates require a relationship between the error rates and the number of users within a cell. Considering a best-user scheduling, where the user with the best channel condition is scheduled to transmit per scheduling interval, our focus is on the uplink. We assume that each user communicates with the base station through a single-input multiple-output channel. We derive a closed-form expression for the average BER, and analyze how the average BER goes to zero asymptotically as the number of users increases for a given SNR. Note that the analysis of average BER even in SISO multiuser diversity systems has not been done with respect to the number ofusers for a given SNR. Our analysis can be applied to multiuser diversity systems with any number of antennas.
Sensor fusion for improved control of piezoelectric tube scanners (2007)

In this work the measurement quality of capacitive displacement sensors is augmented with the high dynamic sensitivity of piezoelectric transducers. By combining the low-frequency performance and stability of capacitive sensors with the high sensitivity and bandwidth of piezoelectric transducers, a displacement RMS noise of 1 nm and range of 100 mum is achieved with a bandwidth of 20 kHz. The composite displacement signal is employed with a receding horizon control strategy to achieve high-speed low-noise control of a piezoelectric tube scanner.
PolyHIPEs as Novel Media for Conventional Free Radical Chemistry (2008)

The novel materials, polyHIPEs with incorporated tetrasubstituted ammonium cationic surfactant (CTAB) have been applied to a broad range of radical precursors in various free radical transformations in organic and aqueous media. The advantage of this reagent/ solid phase surfactant combination lies in its affordability, miniscule toxicity, avoidance of highly toxic “tin based hydrogen donors” under green reaction conditions. Keywords: Free Radicals, PolyHIPEs as reaction media, synthesis, green chemistry
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Structural Variants of Growth Hormone Secretagogue L‐692,429 (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal parameter selection for bilateral filters using Poisson Unbiased Risk Estimate (2012)

Bilateral filters perform edge-preserving smoothing and are widely used for image denoising. The denoising performance is sensitive to the choice of the bilateral filter parameters. We propose an optimal parameter selection for bilateral filtering of images corrupted with Poisson noise. We employ the Poisson's Unbiased Risk Estimate (PURE), which is an unbiased estimate of the Mean Squared Error (MSE). It does not require a priori knowledge of the ground truth and is useful in practical scenarios where there is no access to the original image. Experimental results show that quality of denoising obtained with PURE-optimal bilateral filters is almost indistinguishable with that of the Oracle-MSE-optimal bilateral filters.
The Role of the Amino-terminal Domain and the Collagenous Region in the Structure and the Function of Rat Surfactant Protein D (1995)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the C-type lectin superfamily with four distinct structural domains: an amino terminus involved in forming intermolecular disulfides, a collagen-like domain, a neck region, and a carbohydrate recognition domain. A collagen domain deletion mutant (CDM) of SP-D was created by site-directed mutagenesis. A second variant lacking both the amino-terminal region and the collagen-like domain was generated by collagenase treatment and purification of the collagenase-resistant fragment (CRF). The CDM expressed in CHO-K1 cells formed the covalent trimers, but not the noncovalent dodecamers, typical of native SP-D. The CRF derived from recombinant SP-D formed only monomers. The CDM bound mannose-Sepharose and phosphatidylinositol (PI) as well as SP-D, but the binding to mannosyl bovine serum albumin and glucosylceramide was diminished by approximately 60%. The CRF displayed weak binding to mannose-Sepharose and PI and essentially no binding to mannosyl bovine serum albumin and glucosylceramide. Both SP-D and CDM altered the self-aggregation of PI-containing liposomes. SP-D reduced the density and the light scattering properties of PI aggregates. These results demonstrate that the collagen-like domain is required for dodecamer but not covalent trimer formation of SP-D and plays an important, but not essential, role in the interaction of SP-D with PI and GlcCer. Removal of the amino-terminal domain of SP-D along with the collagen-like domain diminishes PI binding and effectively eliminates GlcCer binding.
Studies of the changes in systemic copper metabolism and excretion produced by the intravenous administration of trithiomolybdate in sheep (1988)

1. The effects of intravenous trithiomolybdate administration on the fate of 64Cu and on stable Cu metabolism were examined in sheep held in metabolism cages and fed on a low-Cu diet supplying 2.95 mg Cu/animal per d. 2. In Expt 1 the injection of trithiomolybdate, 30 mg molybdenum/sheep per d for 5 d, greatly increased plasma Cu levels and more than doubled the faecal Cu excretion. Urinary Cu excretion was unaffected. The disappearance from plasma of 64Cu injected during the trithiomolybdate administration was slowed although faecal 64Cu excretion was increased more than threefold. 3. In Expt 2 trithiomolybdate, 10 and 30 mg Mo/sheep per d for 3 d, was administered 22 h after the injection of 64Cu. Radioactivity reappeared immediately in plasma and faecal 64Cu excretion was increased. 4. In both experiments the 64Cu and the increased stable Cu in plasma were associated with albumin. 5. The experiments explain the effectiveness of thiomolybdates as 'decoppering' agents and provide a model for some of the systemic effects seen in ruminants exposed to increased dietary Mo. The experiments support the view that the thiomolybdates, by causing the appearance of new ligands, alter the distribution of Cu in tissues and cause an overall depletion.
Morphology-Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous CeO2 Nano- and Microstructures (2005)

Spherical cerium oxide nanoparticles and microsized rod-shaped and spindle-like CeO2 structures have been synthesized using a polyol method. When the duration of reaction and the concentration of cerium precursor are controlled, CeO2 products of different morphologies can be selectively produced. Results from XRD, XPS, SEM, and FT-IR measurements suggest that the CeO2 nanospheres are formed from the decomposition of the cerium precursor. Further reactions between the as-prepared CeO2 and ethylene glycol yield the rods/spindle-like cerium formate particles. These morphologies are preserved even after calcination. The order of band gap energy of these samples was found to be rod-shaped > spherical > spindle-like samples, as determined by the UV−Vis spectroscopic method. Compared to a nonoriented polycrystalline CeO2, these samples show an increase in band gap energy due to the quantum size effect. The higher catalytic activity on CO conversion in a spindle-like sample can be explained from the extent of Ce(IV) reduction and the oxygen vacancy.
A Modified LINC Amplification System for Wireless Transceivers (2006)

A new RF modified linear amplifier using nonlinear components (LINC) architecture for wireless communication links is proposed and evaluated in this work. The layout of the new architecture is presented and the simulation results are presented to show the performance under different operation conditions and channel types. Results show that the overall power efficiency of this architecture is improved by more than 400% when compared with that of the regular LINC amplifier architecture.
Details of in situ sample retrievals and test completion for the Materials Interface Interactions Test (MIIT) (1992)

The Materials Interface Interaction Tests (MIIT) program involves the comparative, performance-evaluation testing of multiple US and foreign nuclear waste glasses (nonradioactive), potential canister and overpack metals, brine, and geologic materials in the rock salt repository environment at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility. We emplaced about 2000 materials specimens onto 50 test assemblies and exposed them to a 90 [plus minus] 10[degree]C salt-brine environment. We successfully concluded the in situ conduct of the MIIT after five years and retrieved all samples for posttest laboratory analyses. These 5-year glass and metal samples, along with samples previously retrieved after 0.5, 1, and 2 years, are being analyzed in multiple international laboratories, in a cooperative testing effort. Our focus in this paper is to summarize technical details and repository-relevant observations on the in situ conduct, sampling, and termination operations of the MIIT. Such information should be useful for the interpretation of the laboratory-based analyses and also relevant for other organizations planning or conducting similar materials-related, in situ tests.
NUMERICAL AND MATERIAL MODELLING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF INDURATIO PENIS PLASTICA (2021)

The aim of the work is numerical and material modelling for the development of a new device for the treatment of Induratio penis plastica (IPP) also known as Morbus Peyronie, where it is necessary to specify the parameters of the new device for its production in cooperation on a project of the Czech Technical University in Prague and the company Medipo-ZT,s.r.o. Shock wave method was applied for patients. Evaluation and study on models created from cement mixtures with different degrees of hardness was also included, because of waiting for a real sample taken after the plaque operation. The approximate material properties of collagen are taken into account in the models. An integral part of the work is the evaluation of individual important indicators, such as plaque size, penile angulation, the international questionnaire of erectile dysfunction and the age of patients before and after treatment. At the same time, the intention is to develop a relationship between the individual indicators. Applied shock wave therapy was used for the solution, which is used in urology in the treatment of urinary stones. In physiotherapy and orthopaedics, it is used in the treatment of calcification and non-calcification diseases, such as plantar fasciitis, tennis or golf elbow, heel spur and humeroscapular periarthritis. The project is further developing software to help doctors outline the success and scope of treatment for a particular patient of a given age.
Intraoperative Detection of Early Microvasospasm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Using Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging (2003)

Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging is a suitable method to study cerebral microcirculation during surgery. In patients with SAH, capillary density is significantly decreased and small arteries and arterioles of the cortical surface exhibit vasospasm that cannot be detected by angiography or transcranial Doppler sonography. These changes may contribute to the initial clinical symptoms and may have an influence on the clinical postoperative course.
A two level optimal DSM load shifting formulation using genetics algorithm case study: Residential loads (2012)

Utilities around the world have been considering Demand Side Management (DSM) in their strategic planning. The costs of constructing and operating a new capacity generation unit are increasing everyday as well as Transmission and distribution and land issues for new generation plants, which force the utilities to search for another alternatives without any additional constraints on customers comfort level or quality of delivered product. De can be defined as the selection, planning, and implementation of measures intended to have an influence on the demand or customer-side of the electric meter, either caused directly or stimulated indirectly by the utility. DSM programs are peak clipping, Valley filling, Load shifting, Load building, energy conservation and flexible load shape. The main target of this paper is to show the impact of a DSM load shifting program on both utility and customer in residential areas by Maximizing load factor with minimizing area-gap-between load and supply from the utility point of view and minimizing the cost of energy consumption from the customer point of view with deriving the mathematical formulation of the objective function subjected to different constraints for different cases.
Influence of Utilizing Breast Meat Afflicted with Woody Breast Myopathy on Sausage Textural Properties (2019)

ObjectivesWoody breast (WB) myopathy reduces the utility and value of breast meat for the broiler industry. It is hypothesized that WB meat may be included in comminuted products to increase utility and ultimately add value to the broiler industry. Information on the textural and quality characteristics that WB inclusion has on further processed products is limited in the literature. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of sausage made with WB meat of varying degrees of severity.Materials and MethodsFor each of three replications, broiler breast meat (normal, moderate WB, and severe WB) and chicken abdominal fat were obtained from a commercial poultry processor. Breast meat was coarse ground (19-mm) and combined with fat (targeting 15%) to produce 10-kg batches representing 25, 50, and 100% moderate WB meat, 25, 50, 100% severe WB meat, and a 100% normal control. The batches were then re-ground (4.8-mm), mixed for 1 min with 1.5% salt, and stuffed into 35-mm natural casings. Links were placed in individual bags, cooked to 70°C in a water-bath, and allowed to cool to room temperature before hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were evaluated using texture profile analysis. Individual sausage links were weighed before and after cooking and cook loss was calculated. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.3 with a fixed effects design with replication as a random effect.ResultsSausage hardness tended to be softer (P = 0.06) as WB inclusion rate and severity increased. Cohesiveness and springiness values were similar between treatments (P = 0.53, P = 0.95, respectively). Gumminess decreased (P &lt; 0.05) as severity and inclusion of WB increased indicating a lack of bind, which was further supported by the decline in chewiness (P &lt; 0.05). The raw 25% moderate WB and 50% severe WB sausage links were similar in lightness values (L*) to the normal sausage links. In cooked sausage, 25% and 50% inclusion of WB meat regardless of severity were similar in lightness values (L*) compared to the 100% normal formulations.ConclusionWith no difference in cook loss (P = 0.08), the data presented indicates that moderate and severe WB meat can be included in the formulation of linked sausages to increase utility and value of broiler WB meat.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Density functional theory (2021)

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT) computations apply to physics, chemistry, material science, and engineering. In chemical engineering, DFT identifies material structure and properties, and mechanisms for phenomena such as chemical reaction and phase transformation that are otherwise impossible to measure experimentally. Even though its practical application dates back only a decade or two, it is already a standard tool for materials modelling. Many textbooks and articles describe the theoretical basis of DFT, but it remains difficult for researchers to autonomously learn the steps to accurately calculate system properties. Here, we first explain the foundations of DFT in a way accessible to chemical engineers with little background in quantum mechanics or solid‐state physics. Then, we introduce the basics of the computations and, for most of the rest of the article, we show how to derive physical characteristics of interest to chemical engineers: elastic, thermodynamic, and surface properties, electronic structure, and surface and chemical reaction energy. Finally, we highlight some limitations of DFT; since these calculations are approximations to the Schrödinger equation, their accuracy relies on choosing adequate exchange‐correlation functions and basis sets. Since 1991, the number of articles WoS has indexed related to DFT has increased quadratically with respect to time and now numbers 15 000. A bibliometric analysis of the top 10 000 cited articles in 2018 and 2019 classifies them into four clusters: adsorption, graphene, and nanoparticles; ab initio molecular dynamics and crystal structure; electronic structure and optical properties; and total energy calculations and wave basis sets.
Tuning the Selectivity of Two Chemosensors to Fe(III) and Cr(III) (2007)

Two rhodamine-based chemosensors (1 and 2) were designed, and their sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopies. 1 and 2 achieved tuning the selectivity to Fe(III) and Cr(III) in 100% aqueous solution, whereas other ions including Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Ba(II), Pb(II), Na(I), and K(I) induced basically no spectral change, which constituted a Fe(III)-selective and a Cr(III)-selective fluorescent chemosensor, respectively.
L'implication des étudiants dans la formation médicale Student involment in medical education (2010)

Objectives: To provide an overall view of the various ways in which students participate in debates and academic decisions on the organization of medical studies and to present institutional structures focusing on this type of action. Analysis: On the international level, medical students are part of the International Federation of Medical Students' Associ- ations (IFMSA), which maintains multiple links with medical education organizations with a view to voice the concerns of international students (Association for Medical Education in Europe - AMEE, World Federation for Medical Education - WFME). On the national level in France, medical students are represented by ANEMF - Association nationale des etudiants en medecine de France - whose activities are presented in this article.
Abstract 256: 2D Ultrasound Measurements Can Quantify Relative Single-Plane Circumferential Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model (2012)

OBJECTIVES: Current size-based assessments of AAA rupture potential do not accurately identify all patients at risk. True AAA rupture potential is related to hemodynamic and geometric factors involving wall strain and compliance. Our hypothesis is that transcutaneous ultrasound-derived strain measurements can identify heterogeneous aortic wall compliance toward predicting future rupture. METHODS: A latex phantom with changes in wall thickness (0.05-0.25 inches) to simulate AAA morphology was tested on an in vitro hemodynamic simulator. A GE Vivid i ultrasound machine interrogated the phantom under uniform physiologic, pulsatile conditions. The circumferential strain and radial strain of uniform wall phantom versus asymmetric wall phantom was quantified. RESULTS: Maximum circumferential strain (MCS) of the uniform wall thickness phantom was evenly distributed at 3.5% with an AP wall strain difference of 2.3% (Figure 1A). Maximum radial strain (MRS) was evenly distributed at 9% with an AP wall strain difference of 0%. MCS and MRS of the asymmetric wall thickness phantom were significantly increased to 30% and 36% respectively at the thinned anterior wall. AP wall strain difference was 22% (Figure 1B) and 10% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using transcutaneous 2D ultrasound, we were able to quantify changes in strain due to wall compliance in an AAA phantom. Further development of this technology may provide for a non-invasive method of characterizing the hemodynamic and geometric properties of an AAA to predict rupture potential.
A Revision of Australian Teramachia (1989)

Abstract Based on a comparison of type material Teramachia dalli claydoni Poppe, 1986 and T. dupreyae Emerson, 1985 are synonymized with T. dalli (Bartsch, 1942) and T. johnsoni (Bartsch, 1942) respectively. Additional data on the occurrence of both species on the continental slope off the North West Shelf of Western Australia, based on specimens in the Western Australian Museum, is provided. Data presented include information on the shells, radulae, operculae, and geographic and vertical distribution.