gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the human kidneys using a free‐breathing, multi‐slice, targeted field of view approach (2014)

Fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to image the kidneys without any contrast media. FA of the medulla has been shown to correlate with kidney function. It is expected that higher spatial resolution would improve the depiction of small structures within the kidney. However, the achievement of high spatial resolution in renal DTI remains challenging as a result of respiratory motion and susceptibility to diffusion imaging artefacts. In this study, a targeted field of view (TFOV) method was used to obtain high-resolution FA maps and colour-coded diffusion tensor orientations, together with measures of the medullary and cortical FA, in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects were scanned with two implementations (dual and single kidney) of a TFOV DTI method. DTI scans were performed during free breathing with a navigator-triggered sequence. Results showed high consistency in the greyscale FA, colour-coded FA and diffusion tensors across subjects and between dual- and single-kidney scans, which have in-plane voxel sizes of 2 × 2 mm(2) and 1.2 × 1.2 mm(2) , respectively. The ability to acquire multiple contiguous slices allowed the medulla and cortical FA to be quantified over the entire kidney volume. The mean medulla and cortical FA values were 0.38 ± 0.017 and 0.21 ± 0.019, respectively, for the dual-kidney scan, and 0.35 ± 0.032 and 0.20 ± 0.014, respectively, for the single-kidney scan. The mean FA between the medulla and cortex was significantly different (p < 0.001) for both dual- and single-kidney implementations. High-spatial-resolution DTI shows promise for improving the characterization and non-invasive assessment of kidney function.
Compact Leaky-Wave SIW Antenna With Broadside Radiation and Dual-Band Operation for CubeSats (2021)

This letter presents a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna for CubeSat applications. The compact structure utilizes middle-point feeding and shorting walls to achieve broadside radiation in the far-field at two distinct frequencies. In particular, this dual-frequency behavior is related to the transition from a dominant leaky wave (LW) on the aperture at lower frequencies to more hybrid radiation (at higher frequencies) due to LW fields and structure resonance due to truncation. This response is generated by the shorting vias at the lateral ends of the SIW antenna. Given these conditions, the developed leaky-wave antenna (LWA) prototype is well matched ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|S_{11}|$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\leq$</tex-math></inline-formula> −10 dB) from 23.2 to 23.5 GHz and 24.8 to 25.2 GHz with realized gains of 8 and 6 dBi, respectively. Maximum efficiency (including the connector) is around 87%. Such dual-frequency operation could enable up-link and down-link operation in the K-band. Overall dimensions of the antenna are 2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _0$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 2.6 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _0$</tex-math></inline-formula> (at the lower frequency). Possible placement on CubeSats can be underneath solar panels, thus increasing the available surface area for solar power harvesting. Also, to the best knowledge of the authors, no similar dual-frequency SIW-LWA has been previously reported.
Identification and Characterization of a Juvenile Hormone Response Element and Its Binding Proteins (2007)

Juvenile hormones (JH) regulate a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in insects. Comparison of microarray data on JH-induced genes in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, L57 cells and in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, identified 16 genes that are induced in both species. Analysis of promoter regions of these 16 D. melanogaster genes identified DmJHRE1 (D. melanogaster JH response element 1). In L57 cells, the reporter gene regulated by DmJHRE1 was induced by JH III. Two proteins (FKBP39 and Chd64) that bind to DmJHRE1 were identified. FKBP39 and Chd64 double-stranded RNA inhibited JH III induction of a reporter gene regulated by DmJHRE1. FKBP39 and Chd64 proteins expressed in yeast bound to DmJHRE1. Two-hybrid and pull-down assays showed that these two proteins interact with each other as well as with ecdysone receptor, ultraspiracle, and methoprene-tolerant protein. Developmental expression profiles and JH induction of mRNA for FKBP39 and Chd64 proteins and their interaction with proteins known to be involved in both JH (methoprene-tolerant protein) and ecdysteroid action (ecdysone receptor and ultraspiracle) suggest that these proteins probably play important roles in cross-talk between JH and ecdysteroids.
Variable effects of chemical allergens on serum ige concentration in mice. Preliminary evaluation of a novel approach to the identification of respiratory sensitizers (1992)

A wide variety of chemicals may induce allergic contact dermatitis (contact sensitivity). Some chemical allergens may, in addition, cause respiratory sensitization. Topical exposure of mice to contact and respiratory chemical sensitizers results in the initiation of divergent immune responses characteristic of preferential activation of different functional subpopulations of T helper (TH) cells. In the present study we have sought to make use of these differences, particularly differences in the ability of contact and respiratory allergens to provoke IgE responses, and to question whether opportunities exist for the identification of chemicals with the potential for respiratory sensitization. We have examined alterations in the serum concentration of IgE following topical exposure of mice to seven chemical allergens; trimellitic anhydride (TMA), phthalic anhydride, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (HMDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), oxazolone and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Three of these--TMA, phthalic anhydride and MDI--are known human respiratory sensitizers. The other four--HMDI, IPDI, oxazolone and DNCB--appear not to cause respiratory allergy, or at least have a very limited potential to do so. At the concentrations tested, exposure to all chemicals caused a lymphocyte proliferative response in lymph nodes draining the site of application. However, exposure only to TMA, phthalic anhydride and MDI resulted in a substantial increase in the concentration of serum IgE. Treatment with HMDI and IPDI failed to induce any change in serum IgE concentration. DNCB and oxazolone caused only small and transient elevations of IgE that were considerably less marked than those observed with respiratory sensitizers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RADIATION DOSE AND IMAGE INFORMATION IN COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY. A phantom study of angle measurements in the weight-bearing knee (2000)

Purpose: To establish a correlation between radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy when employing a new digital method for angle determinations. The specific intention was to determine how far the radiation dose can be reduced without losing measuring accuracy and to compare this radiation dose with that employed with our conventional method.



Material and Methods: An image succession of an anthropomorphic phantom was generated with a computed radiography (CR) system, by reducing the exposure stepwise. The images were archived and transferred to a workstation for evaluation. The intraobserver variation of two angle determinations was used as an indicator of the evaluation accuracy. Patient radiation doses were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters. The energy imparted, indicating the relative risk associated with exposure to ionising radiation, and the effective dose, which determines the absolute risk, were calculated.



Results and Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between patient dose and measuring accuracy within the evaluated exposure interval. At the lowest exposure of the CR system, the energy imparted to the patient was 30 μJ. Compared with our conventional analogue method this is a reduction by 98%. The effective dose was as low as 1.5 μSv. The CR technique creates possibilities to adapt exposure parameters, and thus the radiation dose to the patient, according to the purpose of the investigation.
Dimethyldioxirane oxidation of the epoxides of (Z)‐3‐arylidene‐1‐thioflavanones (2002)

Abstract Sulfur atom of the trans, cis ‐ and trans, trans ‐epoxides 1 of (Z)‐3‐arylidene‐1‐thioflavanones have been oxidized with dimethyldioxirane to afford the appropriate sulfoxides 2 and sulfones 3 depending on the amount of oxidant used.
ConnectBoard: A remote collaboration system that supports gaze-aware interaction and sharing (2009)

We present ConnectBoard, a new system for remote collaboration where users experience natural interaction with one another, seemingly separated only by a vertical, transparent sheet of glass. It overcomes two key shortcomings of conventional video communication systems: the inability to seamlessly capture natural user interactions, like using hands to point and gesture at parts of shared documents, and the inability of users to look into the camera lens without taking their eyes off the display. We solve these problems by placing the camera behind the screen, where the remote user is virtually located. The camera sees through the display to capture images of the user. As a result, our setup captures natural, frontal views of users as they point and gesture at shared media displayed on the screen between them. Users also never have to take their eyes off their screens to look into the camera lens. Our novel optical solution based on wavelength multiplexing can be easily built with off-the-shelf components and does not require custom electronics for projector-camera synchronization.
Sequential Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 by T-cells, Macrophages, and Microglia in Rat Spinal Cord during Autoimmune Inflammation (1998)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is crucially involved in regulating inflammatory events during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Despite accumulating evidence for local expression of TGF-beta1 in the inflamed nervous system, uncertainty remains regarding its cellular source. We have investigated the temporospatial distribution of TGF-beta1 gene expression in rat spinal cord during EAE. In actively induced EAE, in situ hybridization revealed strong expression of TGF-beta1 in meningeal and perivascular mononuclear infiltrates at onset of the disease, continued expression in perivascular infiltrates and scattered mononuclear cells at maximal disease severity, and expression in scattered parenchymal cells during recovery. Double labeling studies revealed subpopulations of infiltrating T-cells to be the major source of TGF-beta1 early in the disease, followed by macrophages at peak severity and microglial cells during the recovery phase of EAE. Astrocytes and neurons did not express TGF-beta1. Quantification of mRNA by Northern blot analysis revealed that cellular expression of TGF-beta1 by T-cells, macrophages, and microglia sums up to a long-lasting elevation of TGF-beta1 mRNA extending well into the recovery phase. Our data indicate cellular diversity and suggest functional diversity of TGF-beta1 gene expression during EAE. While TGF-beta1 expressed early in the disease by T-cells may contribute to inflammatory lesion development, microglial cells may potentially contribute to recovery by expressing immunosuppressive TGF-beta1 during remission.
Role of the mitochondria on the paradoxical effect of red wine polyphenols on angiogenesis (2012)

National audience
The Sideris Buttoned Devices for Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (2001)

This article reviews the experience in the last decade with Sideris buttoned devices for occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The devices used were the regular buttoned device, the infant buttoned device, the device with the folding plug, and the wireless device. The buttoned devices were implanted transvenously and introduced through 7Fr-8Fr long sheaths for PDAs up to 12 mm; wireless devices required 9Fr-11Fr sheaths for PDAs up to 22 mm. All different shapes of ductus were occluded. The records of 356 patients in the international and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) supervised United States (US) clinical trials were reviewed. Despite excellent long-term full occlusion rates and the absence of significant complications with the regular buttoned device, modifications were necessary to improve the full occlusion rates in 24 hours. The 24-hour rates improved from 60% with the regular device to 85% with the folding plug device. Most residual shunts disappeared on long-term follow-up without significant complications. Wireless devices were developed for very large PDAs and have excellent occlusion rates. The buttoned device with the incorporated folding plug and the wireless devices are currently under clinical trial. The safety record of the new devices needs to be established with larger clinical trials.
NXT1, a Novel Influenza A NP Binding Protein, Promotes the Nuclear Export of NP via a CRM1-Dependent Pathway (2016)

Influenza remains a serious worldwide public health problem. After infection, viral genomic RNA is replicated in the nucleus and packed into viral ribonucleoprotein, which will then be exported to the cytoplasm via a cellular chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway for further assembly and budding. However, the nuclear export mechanism of influenza virus remains controversial. Here, we identify cellular nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like export protein 1 (NXT1) as a novel binding partner of nucleoprotein (NP) that stimulates NP-mediated nuclear export via the CRM1-dependent pathway. NXT1-knockdown cells exhibit decreased viral replication kinetics and nuclear accumulated viral RNA and NP. By contrast, NXT1 overexpression promotes nuclear export of NP in a CRM1-dependent manner. Pull-down assays suggest the formation of an NXT1, NP, and CRM1 complex, and demonstrate that NXT1 binds to the C-terminal region of NP. These findings reveal a distinct mechanism for nuclear export of the influenza virus and identify the NXT1/NP interaction as a potential target for antiviral drug development.
Opportunities at the Frontiers of Spintronics (2015)

Spins in magnetic materials give rise to a wide variety of unusual physical phenomena due to their interactions with electronic charge, heat, light, and one another (as in magnons, collective spin excitations). This paper reviews related recent developments that are poised to impact future applications for energy-efficient information technologies.
Structure of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. Evidence for an asparagine residue in the peptide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. Evidence for an asparagine residue in the peptideConstance M. Harris and Thomas M. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 15, 4293–4295Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00379a062RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (409 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Relationship between Neck and Shoulder Pain and the Sagittal Alignment of the Spine in Standing in Younger Generation (2015)

Background: The relationship between chronic neck and shoulder pain and posture remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between chronic neck and shoulder pain and spinal sagittal alignment in standing posture in younger generation. Methods: Subjects included 57 females and 32 males (average age, 29.9 ± 5.7 years). All subjects were 20s or 30s. Spinal curvature was assessed using SpinalMouse. The subjects were also divided into a normal group (VAS zero group) and a pain group by VAS results. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-test. Significance was defined as p p = 0.013 and p = 0.020, respectively). Thoracic kyphosis in subjects with neck pain or pain above scapula was significantly higher than that in subjects without pain (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.025, respectively). Lumbar lordosis in subjects with pain above the scapula or interscapula was significantly higher than that in subjects without pain (p = 0.016).
Associated Shale Gas: From Flares to Rig Power (2015)

the percentage of flared associated gas produced in the Bakken shale formation decreased from 36% to 29%.Although the percentage decreased, the volume of associated gas produced has almost tripled to 900 MMcf/D, resulting in the flaring of approximately 266 MMcf/D.The Bakken area is one of the most produced shale oil and condensate formations in the US.Reported volumes for this formation suggest that the amount of associated gas flared is enough to power drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations.This research shows the technical feasibility of replacing diesel for powering drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations in the Bakken formation with flared associated shale gas.We show that this is a more efficient solution to powering drilling rigs and hydraulic fracturing equipment while also reducing the amount of gas being flared in shale oil and condensate plays producing associated gas.To do this, we investigated the composition and volumes of gas being flared and the average energy requirements for drilling rigs and hydraulic fracturing equipment in the Bakken area.The investigation reveals that the amount of associated shale gas being flared is more than enough to supply the energy required for power to the drilling rig and frac spreads.After reviewing power sources that can use natural gas (including turbines, dual-fuel, and dedicated spark ignited engines) and associated gas separation technologies, we are able to make recommendations for the best use of flared associated shale gas.iii We show that making the switch to natural gas from diesel can result in cost savings for drilling rig and hydraulic fracturing operators.Natural gas costs less than diesel and is more environmentally friendly.
Synthesis of 7-trifluo[trichlo]romethyl-5-aryl[alkyl]-tetrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines in Ionic Liquid (2013)

Tetrazolopyrimidines are important biological agents with a wide range of pharmaceutical (e.g., hyperlipidemia, depression, glaucoma, and cardiac arrhythmias) and agrochemical uses. The synthesis of this class of compounds by cyclocondensation reaction requires extreme conditions such as the use of acids, high temperatures, and prolonged reaction times. Another drawback for obtaining these compounds is the low yields. Furthermore, the synthesis of trifluoromethylated tetrazolopyrimidine from trifluoromethylated substrates is very limited. The incorporation of fluorine into a drug allows simultaneous modulation of electronic, lipophilic, and steric parameters, all of which can critically influence both the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. In this work, we develop a simple and convenient protocol for the direct synthesis of 7- trifluo(trichlo)romethyl-5-aryl(alkyl)-tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine through cyclocondensation of 1,1,1- trifluo(trichlo)ro-4-methoxy-3-alken-2-ones and 5- aminotetrazole, using ionic liquid.
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE LIPIDS OF POSTHEMOLYTIC RESIDUE OR STROMA OF ERYTHROCYTES. III. GLOBOSIDE, THE SUGAR-CONTAINING LIPID OF HUMAN BLOOD STROMA (1952)

Journal Article THE CHEMISTRY OF THE LIPIDS OF POSTHEMOLYTIC RESIDUE OR STROMA OF ERYTHROCYTES. III. GLOBOSIDE, THE SUGAR-CONTAINING LIPID OF HUMAN BLOOD STROMA Get access TAMIO YAMAKAWA, TAMIO YAMAKAWA Department of Chemistry, the Institute for Infections Diseases, Tokyo UniversityTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SHIZUE SUZUKI SHIZUE SUZUKI Department of Chemistry, the Institute for Infections Diseases, Tokyo UniversityTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 39, Issue 4, September 1952, Pages 393–402, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126309 Published: 01 September 1952 Article history Received: 13 June 1952 Published: 01 September 1952
Feature Diversity for Optimized Human Micro-Doppler Classification Using Multistatic Radar (2017)

This paper investigates the selection of different combinations of features at different multistatic radar nodes, depending on scenario parameters, such as aspect angle to the target and signal-to-noise ratio, and radar parameters, such as dwell time, polarization, and frequency band. Two sets of experimental data collected with the multistatic radar system NetRAD are analyzed for two separate problems, namely the classification of unarmed versus potentially armed multiple personnel, and the personnel recognition of individuals based on walking gait. The results show that the overall classification accuracy can be significantly improved by taking into account feature diversity at each radar node depending on the environmental parameters and target behavior, in comparison with the conventional approach of selecting the same features for all nodes.
Characterization of a 30-kDa Borrelia burgdorferi substrate-binding protein homologue (1996)

A Borrelia burgdorferi chromosomal gene encodes a 30-kDa antigen (P30) that has considerable homology with periplasmic substrate-binding proteins of Gram-negative bacteria, and is recognized by antibodies in sera from a subset of patients with Lyme disease and from B. burgdorferi-infected mice. The p30 gene is 801 nucleotides in length and P30 contains 267 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 30 kDa. The P30 amino acid region 36-258 has homology to conserved domains of the oligopeptide permease A of Gram-negative bacteria. Immunofluorescence studies using murine anti-P30 serum suggest that P30 is on the outer surface of B. burgdorferi. P30 expression could be detected in representatives of all 3 subspecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, but not in all of the tested strains. Antibodies to P30 were detected in sera of 18 out of 82 patients (22%) with Lyme disease, including individuals with early- or late-stage infection. Although antibodies to P30 are present in the sera of C3H/HeN mice infected with B. burgdorferi for at least 90 days, immunization with recombinant P30 does not protect mice from infection. We conclude that P30 is a putative substrate-binding protein of B. burgdorferi and is immunologically recognized in human and murine Lyme borreliosis.