gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiation of human colon cancer cell proliferation by trypsin acting at protease-activated receptor-2 (2001)

The protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is cleaved and activated by trypsin. We investigated the expression of PAR-2 and the role of trypsin in cell proliferation in human colon cancer cell lines. A total of 10 cell lines were tested for expression of PAR-2 mRNA by Northern blot and RT-PCR. PAR-2 protein was detected by immunofluorescence. Trypsin and the peptide agonist SLIGKV (AP2) were tested for their ability to induce calcium mobilization and to promote cell proliferation on serum-deprived cells. PAR-2 mRNA was detected by Northern blot analysis in 6 out of 10 cell lines [HT-29, Cl.19A, Caco-2, SW480, HCT-8 and T84]. Other cell lines expressed low levels of transcripts, which were detected only by RT-PCR. Further results were obtained with HT-29 cells: (1) PAR-2 protein is expressed at the cell surface; (2) an increase in intracellular calcium concentration was observed upon trypsin (1-100 nM) or AP2 (10-100 microM) challenges; (3) cells grown in serum-deprived media supplemented with trypsin (0.1-1 nM) or AP2 (1-300 microM) exhibited important mitogenic responses (3-fold increase of cell number). Proliferative effects of trypsin or AP2 were also observed in other cell lines expressing PAR-2. These data show that subnanomolar concentrations of trypsin, acting at PAR-2, promoted the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. The results of this study indicate that trypsin could be considered as a growth factor and unravel a new mechanism whereby serine proteases control colon tumours.
Optical Data Storage and Multicolor Emission Readout on Flexible Films Using Deep‐Trap Persistent Luminescence Materials (2017)

Abstract The fast‐growing amount of data that is produced every year creates an urgent need for ultracapacity storage media. However, 2D spatial resolution in the conventional optical data storage media has almost reached the limit. Further enlargement of storage capacity may rely on the development of the next‐generation data storage materials containing multiplexed information dimensions. Herein, a series of novel deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials (Sr 1‐ x Ba x )Si 2 O 2 N 2 :Eu/Yb,Dy with multicolor emissions in the whole visible region is developed and demonstrated a bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in these materials. Optical data can be handily encoded on a flexible film by a commercially available 405 nm laser and decoded by heating or by 980 nm laser scanning. The decoded information contains tunable spectral characteristics, which allows for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing. The storage and readout strategy not only shows a great promise in the application of multidimensional rewritable optical data storage, but also opens new opportunities for advanced display technology and information security system.
Video-rate, spatially variant filtering technique using stream processing architecture (1988)

A novel space-variant filtering algorithm is described providing eflicient anti-aliasing for the spatial transformation of two-dimensional images. The algorithm is implemented using a stream processing architecture operating on one pixel per machine cycle and a prototype system operating at video rate has been constructed.
New insights into innate immunity in Arabidopsis (2007)

The term innate immunity has been described as '. . . the surveillance system that detects the presence and nature of the infection and provides the first line of host defense . . .' (Medzhitov, 2001; Nat Rev Immunol 1: 135-145). The strategy of innate immunity is based on the recognition of constitutive and conserved molecules from pathogens by specific receptors, triggering defence responses (Medzhitov and Janeway, 2002; Science 296: 298-300). It has been only within the past few years that studies of plant innate immunity, especially in Arabidopsis, have provided important insights into molecular details that define innate immunity in plants. Here we review the innate immune response in Arabidopsis, where leucine-rich repeat (LRR) cell surface receptors play central roles in monitoring the presence of pathogen (microbe) associated molecules to initiate the rapid expression of defence genes. The PAMPS also activate the expression of genes encoding a family of endogenous peptides (AtPep1 paralogues) and their receptor (PEPR1) that amplify defence signalling through a feedback loop initiated by PAMPS. The concept of innate immunity has provided a valuable framework for researchers to re-evaluate the roles of exogenous and endogenous signals that regulate the expression of plant defensive genes.
Acoustic radiation force impulse-induced lung hemorrhage: investigating the relationship with peak rarefactional pressure amplitude and mechanical index in rabbits (2023)

This study demonstrated that the occurrence and severity of ARFI-induced lung hemorrhage increased with a rise in PRPA under clinical conditions in rabbits. This indicates a potential risk of lung injury due to ARFI elastography, especially when ARFI is unintentionally directed to the lungs during liver, heart, or breast examinations.
Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: Part 1—Preoperative: Diagnosis, Rapid Assessment and Optimization (2021)

These guidelines are based on the best available evidence for an ERAS approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Initial management is particularly important for patients with sepsis and physiological derangement. These guidelines should be used to improve outcomes for these high-risk patients.
Optimizing Secure Decision Tree Inference Outsourcing (2021)

Outsourcing decision tree inference services to the cloud is highly beneficial, yet raises critical privacy concerns on the proprietary decision tree of the model provider and the private input data of the client. In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate a new system that allows highly efficient outsourcing of decision tree inference. Our system significantly improves upon the state-of-the-art in the overall online end-to-end secure inference service latency at the cloud as well as the local-side performance of the model provider. We first presents a new scheme which securely shifts most of the processing of the model provider to the cloud, resulting in a substantial reduction on the model provider's performance complexities. We further devise a scheme which substantially optimizes the performance for encrypted decision tree inference at the cloud, particularly the communication round complexities. The synergy of these techniques allows our new system to achieve up to $8 \times$ better overall online end-to-end secure inference latency at the cloud side over realistic WAN environment, as well as bring the model provider up to $19 \times$ savings in communication and $18 \times$ savings in computation.
Anti-Tumor Effect of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Mitoxantrone, and Doxorubicin on Peritoneal Tumor Growth After Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Chemotherapy: A Comparative Study (1990)

Tumor growth was studied in a peritoneal tumor model in the rat after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin (4 mg/kg), mitoxantrone (2.5 mg/kg) and cisplatin (4 mg/kg) and after intraperitoneal administration of carboplatin (20 mg/kg). All treatments delayed tumor growth and intraperitoneal treatment was more effective initially than intravenous treatment for all drugs tested. Regrowth occurred between 2 and 7 weeks after treatment and was less pronounced after intravenous treatment. Tumor sizes in cisplatin treated rats 7 weeks after treatment were comparable after intraperitoneal and intravenous treatments. Intraperitoneal carboplatin even with a dose 5 times higher than cisplatin resulted in a less tumor growth delay in all stages of the treatment, compared to cisplatin. All cytostatic drugs, except carboplatin, induced loss of body weight. Weight loss was similar for intraperitoneal and intravenous treatment with both cisplatin and mitoxantrone while for doxorubicin the weight loss was significantly higher after intravenous treatment than after intraperitoneal therapy. Considering the "therapeutic index", defined as the ratio of tumor growth delay to weight loss, cisplatin had the highest "therapeutic index", 1.5 (intraperitoneal) and 1.7 (intravenous) compared to 0.3 (intraperitoneal) and 0.6 (intravenous) for Mitoxantrone and 0.4 (intraperitoneal) and 0.5 (intravenous) for doxorubicin. This indicated that cisplatin was the most favorable drug to use in this peritoneal tumor model for both intraperitoneal and intravenous treatment. The tumor growth delay was initially more pronounced after intraperitoneal cisplatin compared with intravenous.
<title>Intense ion beams accelerated by petawatt-class lasers</title> (2001)

The LLNL Petawatt Laser has achieved focused intensities up to 6 by 10<SUP>20</SUP> W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. IN plasmas created by this laser, the quiver energy of target electrons exceed several MeV. Recent experiments revealed an intense, collimated beam of high-energy is converted into protons which leads to an energy content of 30J in a pulse of less than 10 ps. The beam shows a broad particle energy spectrum with a sharp cut off and an almost mono-energetic part above 55 MeV. With their short pulse duration, high particle energy and large luminosity these beams are promising candidates in numerous applications, such as short-pulse injectors for laser accelerators or as the ignitor for fast ignition ICF. Using intense proton beams the fast ignitor concept may also become more attractive in heavy-ion fusion due to the possibility to work with indirectly driven targets. Finally, the acceleration is not restricted to protons and the use of tailored target surfaces may allow to accelerate more massive ions to similar energy per nucleon.
Model for a neural network structure and signal transmission (1997)

We present a model of a neural network that is based on the diffusion-limited-aggregation (DLA) structure from fractal physics. A single neuron is one DLA cluster, while a large number of clusters, in an interconnected fashion, make up the neural network. Using simulation techniques, a signal is randomly generated and traced through its transmission inside the neuron and from neuron to neuron through the synapses. The activity of the entire neural network is monitored as a function of time. The characteristics included in the model contain, among others, the threshold for firing, the excitatory or inhibitory character of the synapse, the synaptic delay, and the refractory period. The system activity results in ``noisy'' time series that exhibit an oscillatory character. Standard power spectra are evaluated and fractal analyses performed, showing that the system is not chaotic, but the varying parameters can be associated with specific values of fractal dimensions. It is found that the network activity is not linear with the system parameters, e.g., with the numbers of active synapses. The details of this behavior may have interesting repercussions from the neurological point of view.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA (2007)

On August 10, 2007, a Case Management Conference was held pursuant to Rule 16(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The parties met before the conference in accordance with Rule 26(f) and prepared a Case Management Report. On the basis of the Case Management Conference and the Case Management Report, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 1. Deadline for Initial Disclosures. Initial disclosures required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a), if not already exchanged, shall be exchanged no later than n/a, already done. 2. Deadline for Joining Parties and Amending Pleadings. The deadline for joining parties and amending pleadings is 90 days from the date of this order. Motions to join parties or for leave to amend pleadings shall be filed within 30 days of this order so they can be heard and decided prior to the deadline.
Ultrafast Modulation of Polarization in Spintronic THz Emitters Enhanced by Field Induced Spin Reorientation Transition (2023)

We demonstrate an efficient and simple modulation of the polarization in Spin-tronic Terahertz Emitters, by rapid switching of the magnetization using high-frequency magnetic field, enhanced by field induced Spin Reorientation Transition (SRT). The instability of the magnetic layer at the transition allows for a higher sensitivity of the magne-tization and an efficient switching at lower power of the polarization at frequencies up to 100kHz.
Evolution of Pre-Existing versus Acquired Resistance to Platinum Drugs and PARP Inhibitors in BRCA-Associated Cancers (2014)

Platinum drugs and PARP inhibitors ("PARPis") are considered to be effective in BRCA-associated cancers with impaired DNA repair. These agents cause stalled and collapsed replication forks and create double-strand breaks effectively in the absence of repair mechanisms, resulting in arrest of the cell cycle and induction of cell death. However, recent studies have shown failure of these chemotherapeutic agents due to emerging drug resistance. In this study, we developed a stochastic model of BRCA-associated cancer progression in which there are four cancer populations: those with (i) functional BRCA, (ii) dysfunctional BRCA, (iii) functional BRCA and a growth advantage, and (iv) dysfunctional BRCA and a growth advantage. These four cancer populations expand from one cancer cell with normal repair function until the total cell number reaches a detectable amount. We derived formulas for the probability and expected numbers of each population at the time of detection. Furthermore, we extended the model to consider the tumor dynamics during treatment. Results from the model were validated and showed good agreement with clinical and experimental evidence in BRCA-associated cancers. Based on the model, we investigated conditions in which drug resistance during the treatment course originated from either a pre-existing drug-resistant population or a de novo population, due to secondary mutations. Finally, we found that platinum drugs and PARPis were effective if (i) BRCA inactivation is present, (ii) the cancer was diagnosed early, and (iii) tumor growth is rapid. Our results indicate that different types of cancers have a preferential way of acquiring resistance to platinum drugs and PARPis according to their growth and mutational characteristics.
Observation of the Doubly StrangebBaryonΩb− (2008)

We report the observation of the doubly strange b baryon Omegab- in the decay channel Omegab(-)-->J/psiOmega-, with J/psi-->mu+mu(-) and Omega(-)-->LambdaK(-)-->(ppi-)K-, in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. Using approximately 1.3 fb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, we observe 17.8+/-4.9(stat)+/-0.8(syst) Omegab- signal events at a mass of 6.165+/-0.010(stat)+/-0.013(syst) GeV. The significance of the observed signal is 5.4sigma, corresponding to a probability of 6.7 x 10(-8) of it arising from a background fluctuation.
Bibliographical Abstracts on Evaluation of Brightening Agents for Detergent Usage (2009)

Brightening agents are essentially colorless dyes which, when applied on textiles, absorb ultraviolet irradiation and emit light of a bluish hue complementary to the yellow tint already present on the off-white substrate. In this manner the brightening ag
Simple Bipolar Host Materials for High-Efficiency Blue, Green, and White Phosphorescence OLEDs (2016)

3-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine is used as electron-transporting unit to construct bipolar host materials o-CzPyPz, m-CzPyPz, and p-CzPyPz for application in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). By varying the ortho-, meta-, or para-linking mode between the n-type 3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine and the p-type carbazole on phenylene bridge, the optoelectronic parameters are tuned to large extent. The highly twisted o-CzPyPz has high triplet energy of 2.95 eV, while the isomer p-CzPyPz with more coplanar conformation has smaller triplet energy of 2.67 eV. The m-CzPyPz-hosted blue PhOLED exhibits a peak current efficiency of 49.1 cd A(-1) (corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 24.5%) and low-efficiency roll-off, while the p-CzPyPz-hosted green PhOLEDs turns on at 2.8 V and exhibits high efficiencies of 91.8 cd A(-1) (96.1 lm W(-1) and 27.3%). Furthermore, two-emitting-layer white OLEDs are fabricated with m-CzPyPz or p-CzPyPz as common hosts for both blue and orange phosphors, which realize high efficiencies of 57.8 cd A(-1) (45.4 lm W(-1) and 23.6%) and 60.7 cd A(-1) (38.1 lm W(-1) and 23.1%). The optimization of host structure for good matching of host and dopant and finally for the ideal performance is discussed.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Intubated Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition: Effect of Supine and Semirecumbent Positions (1992)

The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in critically ill patients as well as the effect of a nasogastric tube (NGT) and body position as risk factors for GER were determined. Seventy patients with orotracheal intubation receiving enteral nutrition through a NGT for more than 48 hours were prospectively studied with two randomly assigned body positions: supine or semirecumbent. Detection of GER was achieved by scintigraphy after labeling gastric contents with 500 microCi of technetium-99m sulfur colloid administered through the NGT. In 50 patients scintigraphy was performed after subjects had remained in the randomized position for 2 hours with the NGT pinched. Twenty additional patients were studied after the NGT had been removed. In 50 patients with NGT, GER was present in 74% (37 of 50) and was higher in the supine position (81%, 21 of 26) than in the semirecumbent position (67%, 16 of 24), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = .26). In 20 patients without NGT, the incidence of GER was 35% (7 of 20) and it was also higher in the supine (50%, 6 of 12) than in the semirecumbent position (12%, 1 of 8, p = .16). There was a statistically significant difference between GER in patients with and without NGT (74% vs 35%, p = .0002). These data show that there is a high incidence of GER in patients with orotracheal intubation and NGT. The presence of a NGT is a risk factor for GER. Semirecumbency does not prevent GER, but there is less incidence than in the supine position.
Fahrerintentionserkennung in dynamischen Folge-Brems-Situationen (2011)

Das Kapitel stellt eine Reanalyse eines extern erhobenen Datensatzes zu Fahrerreaktionen bei autonomen Notbremsungen vor. Dieser wird in einem im Vergleich zu Fahrversuch I deutlich realitätsnäheren Szenario (dynamische Folge-Brems-Situation) erhoben. In der Reanalyse wird geprüft, welche Vorhersagegenauigkeiten und -zeitpunkte die Algorithmen zur Fahrerintentionserkennung in diesem realitätsnäheren Szenario erreichen. Zusätzlich werden die Algorithmen erstmals an einem unabhängigen Vergleichsdatensatz geprüft. Nach einer Beschreibung der Studie werden das Vorgehen und die Ergebnisse der Reanalyse dargestellt.
Polylactic acid (PLA): Research, development and industrialization (2010)

Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, aliphatic polyester derived from lactic acid. It has similar mechanical properties to polyethylene terephthalate, but has a significantly lower maximum continuous use temperature. PLA products can be recycled after use either by remelting and processing the material a second time or by hydrolyzing to lactic acid, the basic chemical. In this review, the technologies for polymerization of the lactic acid and the comparison of physical, thermal and mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of the PLA and copolymers with other similar polymers are described.
Medical imaging in occupational and environmental lung disease (2015)

In understanding the best practices and new developments in medical imaging, the occupational and environmental medicine clinician can optimize diagnosis and management of related lung diseases.
Role of shear stress and endothelial prostaglandins in flow- and viscosity-induced dilation of arterioles in vitro. (1993)

We have studied the effect of changes in shear stress on diameter of isolated arterioles of rat cremaster muscle. The steady-state active diameter of arterioles at a constant perfusion pressure (60 mm Hg) was 80 +/- 1.2 microns. The vessels' passive diameter (Ca(2+)-free solution) was 156 +/- 1.8 microns. Changes in shear stress were induced either by an increase in flow (velocity) or by an increase in viscosity of the perfusion solution. At a constant perfusion pressure, the stepwise increase in perfusion flow (0-80 microliters/min in 10-microliters/min steps) elicited, with a delay of approximately 20 seconds, a gradual increase in diameter up to 46%. At a constant 20-microliters/min flow rate, increases in viscosity of the perfusate (2%, 4%, and 6% dextran [molecular weight, 77,800]) caused a gradual vasodilation up to 22%. Varying flow and viscosity of the perfusate simultaneously resulted in an upward shift of the flow-diameter curve. Both flow- and viscosity-induced dilations were eliminated by the removal of the endothelium of arterioles (by air) or were inhibited by indomethacin (10(-5) M). The efficacy and specificity of these inhibitory treatments were assessed with vasoactive agents whose action, with regard to endothelial mediation, has been determined previously. The arteriolar dilation maintained calculated wall shear stress close to control values during increases in flow and/or viscosity of the perfusate, but when the dilation was inhibited by removal of the endothelium or by indomethacin, wall shear stress increased significantly in a cumulative manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TAXONOMIC STUDY ON STREPTOSPORANGIUM ALBIDUM NOV. SP. (1968)

Since the isolation of Streptosporangium viridogriseum1) the original sporaviridin producing strain, a new species of sporangium-forming actinomycete, has been isolated as a producer of sporaviridin-like antibiotics. This strain, indexed MCRL-048 in our culture collection, was isolated from the soil sample collected at Mt. Tanigawa, Gumma Prefecture. Taxonomic studies revealed that strain MCRL-048 is a new species belong ing to the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium albidum Furumai et Okuda nov. sp. is proposed. The present paper concerns the taxonomy of strain MCRL-048.
Performance of microdischarge devices and arrays with screen electrodes (2001)

Cylindrical microdischarge devices, 50-150 μm in diameter and fabricated in Ni-polyimide-Cu or Ni foil structures, have been operated with Ni or Cu screens serving as the anode and/or cathode. As compared with annular anode (open bore) designs, the installation of at least one screen electrode has the effect of lowering the device operating voltage by as much as 30% while raising the electron temperature of the plasma. As a result, microdischarge devices 50 μm in diameter operate at voltages below 95 V at a Ne gas pressure of 700 torr, exhibit hollow cathode operation at gas pressures beyond 300 torr (or at least a factor of three higher than those observed previously), and the power output of a device with an anode screen operating at 300 torr is double that of its no-screen counterpart. Screen electrodes also stabilize the ignition characteristics of arrays and extend device lifetimes.