gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina’s national parks (2018)

Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them. Understanding the drivers of exotic species richness is vital for prioritizing natural resource management, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. We analyzed the influence of coarse resolution factors on exotic species richness (plants, mammals, and birds) in Argentina's National Parks System. We collected data on native species richness, year of park formation, park area, region, elevation range, number of rivers crossing area boundaries, roads entering area, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean annual number of visitors, and Human Influence Index within and surrounding each park. We compiled 1,688 exotic records in 36 protected areas: 83% plants and 17% animals (9.5% mammals, 5.5% birds, 1.5% fishes, 0% amphibians, 0% reptiles). The five parks with the most exotic species (all taxa combined) were in north Patagonia. Exotic grasses were the most common exotic plants, and within animals, lagomorphs and feral ungulates were remarkably widespread. Exotic plant richness was mostly influenced by temperature and native plant richness, while exotic mammal and bird richness was driven mostly by anthropogenic variables, with models explaining 36-45% of data deviance. Most variables that positively influenced exotic taxa were indirectly related to an increase in spatial heterogeneity (natural or anthropogenic), suggesting greater niche space variability as facilitators of exotic richness increase. Additional data are needed to further investigate the patterns and mechanisms of exotic species richness in protected areas, which will help to prioritize the greatest needs of monitoring and management.
TAWFIVE: A user's guide (1983)

The Transonic Analysis of a Wing and Fuselage with Interacted Viscous Effects (TAWFIVE) was developed. A finite volume full potential method is used to model the outer inviscid flow field. First-order viscous effects are modeled by a three dimensional integral boundary layer method. Both turbulent and laminar boundary layers are treated. Wake thickness and curvature effects are modeled using a two dimensional strip method. A very brief discussion of the engineering aspects of the program is given. The input and use of the program are covered in great detail.
Longitudinal CSF proteome profiling in mice to uncover the acute and sustained mechanisms of action of rapid acting antidepressant (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) (2021)

Delayed onset of antidepressant action is a shortcoming in depression treatment. Ketamine and its metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) have emerged as promising rapid-acting antidepressants. However, their mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we first described the anxious and depression-prone inbred mouse strain, DBA/2J, as an animal model to assess the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine and HNK <i>in vivo</i>. To decode the molecular mechanisms mediating HNK's rapid antidepressant effects, a longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome profiling of its acute and sustained effects was conducted using an unbiased, hypothesis-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. A total of 387 proteins were identified, with a major implication of significantly differentially expressed proteins in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway, providing evidence for a link between HNK and regulation of the stress hormone system. Mechanistically, we identified HNK to repress GR-mediated transcription and reduce hormonal sensitivity of GR <i>in vitro.</i> In addition, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were predicted to be important upstream regulators of HNK treatment. Our results contribute to precise understanding of the temporal dynamics and molecular targets underlying HNK's rapid antidepressant-like effects, which can be used as a benchmark for improved treatment strategies for depression in future.
Electronic energy bands and optical nonlinearity of checker-board superlattices (1990)

We investigate the structure of the conduction minibands in a two-dimensional periodic array of rectangular quantum wires. The finite barrier height in such a GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs heterostructure gives rise to a ‘‘checker-board’’ pattern of wells and barriers, i.e., a checker-board superlattice (CBSL). The energy bands are obtained using the finite element method, in the effective mass approximation, with current continuity at interfaces. The free-carrier-induced optical nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) due to band nonparabolicity in the CBSL is obtained in both the rectangular directions. Our calculations predict an increase in χ(3) of about 1–2 orders of magnitude over bulk GaAs, for specific ranges of carrier concentrations.
Solar/Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting And Wireless Power Transmission (2014)

This paper presents a review of existing works and solutions in the field of solar/electromagnetic energy harvesting and wireless power transmission. More specifically, the paper covers: solar/electromagnetic harvesters where solar antenna structures are used to obtain a compact implementation, direct current (dc) combining circuits necessary to combine the outputs of the solar and the electromagnetic harvesters, and efficient solar-to-electromagnetic (EM) converters that can be used to synthesize autonomous wireless power transmission radio-frequency (RF) signal generators. Finally, novel topologies to minimize the sensitivity of rectifier circuits to variations in the received RF power levels are presented.
Revisiting amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity after 36 weeks' gestation. (2008)

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in premature infants. To avoid iatrogenic RDS, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that obstetricians confirm fetal pulmonary maturity prior to elective delivery less than 39 weeks' gestation. However, ACOG based such recommendations primarily on studies carried out prior to the routine use of antenatal corticosteroids to accelerate lung maturity and the liberal use of ultrasound to confirm gestational age. Recent studies suggest that testing for fetal lung maturity at more advanced gestational ages is neither reliable nor cost effective. This article reviews the current literature on the use of amniocentesis to confirm fetal lung maturity prior to elective delivery at 36 to 39 weeks' gestation.
S1P signaling: new therapies and opportunities (2014)

Development of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulators to dampen inflammation and its sequelae is becoming increasingly promising for treating medical conditions characterized by significant immunopathology. As shown by the non-selective S1P receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod [Gilenya(®)]) in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the ability to use S1P1 modulation to precisely block immune cell traffic-immunomodulation-while maintaining immunosurveillance, has opened therapeutic opportunities in various other immune-derived chronic pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), lupus, psoriasis, as well as, potentially, in early acute viral respiratory infection. Proof-of-concept studies across validated animal models with S1P receptor modulators highly selective for S1P1, such as BAF-312 (Siponimod), KRP-203, ONO-4641 (Ceralifimod), ponesimod and RPC-1063, and emerging clinical trials for safety and efficacy in humans, particularly in MS, ulcerative colitis (UC) and psoriasis, have set the stage for us to consider additional testing in various other autoimmune diseases.
DeNovo NT Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Implant (2015)

Biological repair of focal chondral defects represents a significant clinical challenge as cartilage lacks intrinsic healing ability. Although it can be difficult to measure the objective success of cartilage repair techniques, the primary objective is symptom relief leading to less pain and improved function for the patient. Likely, the most important key to success is proper clinical indications. Second to this, the type of cartilage treatment utilized should be based on lesion location, size, depth, and other patient factors. One such treatment is DeNovo Natural Tissue. This method relies on the ability of juvenile chondrocytes to migrate from cartilage explants after being secured in a cartilage defect. Although approximately 8700 cases have been performed since 2007, long-term clinical outcomes are not yet available. However, basic science and early clinical data are promising.
Spontaneous Expulsive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage (2002)

Sudhir, Rachapalli R. D.O.; Rao, Srinivas K. D.O.; Biswas, Jyotirmoy M.S.; Padmanabhan, Prema M.S. Author Information
Visualization and Layout for Personal Photo Libraries (2001)

Abstract. In this paper, we present visualization and layout algorithms that can enhance informal storytelling using personal digital data such as photos in a face-to-face social setting. In order to build a more intuitive browser for retrieval, navigation and story-telling, we introduce a novel optimized layout technique for large image sets which respects (contextsensitive) mutual similarities as visualized on a shared 2-D display (a table-top). The experimental results show a more perceptually intuitive and informative visualization of traditional CBIR-based retrievals, providing not only a better understanding of the query context but also aiding the user in forming new queries. A framework for user-modeling is also introduced and tested. This allows the system to adapt to the user&amp;apos;s preferences and relevance feedback. Keywords. User-guided layout, content-based information visualization and retrieval, multiperson interactive informal storytelling, table top display, visual navigation. 1.
Combining weak affinity chromatography, NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations in carbohydrate–lysozyme interaction studies (2012)

By examining the interactions between the protein hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) and commercially available and chemically synthesized carbohydrate ligands using a combination of weak affinity chromatography (WAC), NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations, we report on new affinity data as well as a detailed binding model for the HEWL protein. The equilibrium dissociation constants of the ligands were obtained by WAC but also by NMR spectroscopy, which agreed well. The structures of two HEWL-disaccharide complexes in solution were deduced by NMR spectroscopy using (1)H saturation transfer difference (STD) effects and transferred (1)H,(1)H-NOESY experiments, relaxation-matrix calculations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In solution the two disaccharides β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-GlcpNAc-OMe and β-D-GlcpNAc-(1→4)-β-D-GlcpNAc-OMe bind to the B and C sites of HEWL in a syn-conformation at the glycosidic linkage between the two sugar residues. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and CH/π-interactions form the basis of the protein-ligand complexes in a way characteristic of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations with explicit water molecules of both the apo-form of the protein and a ligand-protein complex showed structural change compared to a crystal structure of the protein. The flexibility of HEWL as indicated by a residue-based root-mean-square deviation analysis indicated similarities overall, with some residue specific differences, inter alia, for Arg61 that is situated prior to a flexible loop. The Arg61 flexibility was notably larger in the ligand-complexed form of HEWL. N,N'-Diacetylchitobiose has previously been observed to bind to HEWL at the B and C sites in water solution based on (1)H NMR chemical shift changes in the protein whereas the disaccharide binds at either the B and C sites or the C and D sites in different crystal complexes. The present study thus highlights that protein-ligand complexes may vary notably between the solution and solid states, underscoring the importance of targeting the pertinent binding site(s) for inhibition of protein activity and the advantages of combining different techniques in a screening process.
Mutation Spectrum and De Novo Mutation Analysis in Stickler Syndrome Patients with High Myopia or Retinal Detachment (2020)

Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that affects multiple systems, including the visual system. Seven genes were reported to cause Stickler syndrome in patients with different phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mutation features of the phenotypes of high myopia and retinal detachment. Forty-two probands diagnosed with Stickler syndrome were included. Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed. A targeted gene panel test or whole exome sequencing was used to detect the mutations, and Sanger sequencing was conducted for verification and segregation analysis. Among the 42 probands, 32 (76%) presented with high myopia and 29 (69%), with retinal detachment. Pathogenic mutations were detected in 35 (83%) probands: 27 (64%) probands had <i>COL2A1</i> mutations, and eight (19%) probands had <i>COL11A1</i> mutations. Truncational mutations in <i>COL2A1</i> were present in 21 (78%) probands. Missense mutations in <i>COL2A1</i> were present in six probands, five of which presented with retinal detachment. De novo <i>COL2A1</i> mutations were detected in 10 (37%) probands, with a mean paternal childbearing age of 29.64 ± 4.97 years old. The mutation features of probands with high myopia or retinal detachment showed that the probands had a high prevalence of <i>COL2A1</i> mutations, truncational mutations, and de novo mutations.
Design of a 16 gray scales 320 × 240 pixels OLED-on-silicon driving circuit (2009)

A 320×240 pixel organic-light-emitting-diode-on-silicon (OLEDoS) driving circuit is implemented using the standard 0.5 μm CMOS process of CSMC. It gives 16 gray scales with integrated 4 bit D/A converters. A three-transistor voltage-programmed OLED pixel driver is proposed, which can realize the very small current driving required for the OLEDoS microdisplay. Both the D/A converter and the pixel driver are implemented with pMOS devices. The pass-transistor and capacitance in the OLED pixel driver can be used to sample the output of the D/A converter. An additional pMOS is added to OLED pixel driver, which is used to control the D/A converter operating only when one row is on. This can reduce the circuit's power consumption. This driving circuit can work properly in a frame frequency of 50 Hz, and the final layout of this circuit is given. The pixel area is 28.4 × 28.4 μm2 and the display area is 10.7 × 8.0 mm2 (the diagonal is about 13 mm). The measured pixel gray scale voltage shows that the function of the driver circuit is correct, and the power consumption of the chip is about 350 mW.
Sulfate reduction in higher plants: Molecular evidence for a novel 5′-adenylylsulfate reductase (1996)

Sulfate-assimilating organisms reduce inorganic sulfate for Cys biosynthesis. There are two leading hypotheses for the mechanism of sulfate reduction in higher plants. In one, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) (5'-adenylysulfate) sulfotransferase carries out reductive transfer of sulfate from APS to reduced glutathione. Alternatively, the mechanism may be similar to that in bacteria in which the enzyme, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase, catalyzes thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent reduction of PAPS. Three classes of cDNA were cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana termed APR1, -2, and -3, that functionally complement a cysH, PAPS reductase mutant strain of Escherichia coli. The coding sequence of the APR clones is homologous with PAPS reductases from microorganisms. In addition, a carboxyl-terminal domain is homologous with members of the Trx superfamily. Further genetic analysis showed that the APR clones can functionally complement a mutant strain of E. coli lacking Trx, and an APS kinase, cysC. mutant. These results suggest that the APR enzyme may be a Trx-independent APS reductase. Cell extracts of E. coli expressing APR showed Trx-independent sulfonucleotide reductase activity with a preference for APS over PAPS as a substrate. APR-mediated APS reduction is dependent on dithiothreitol, has a pH optimum of 8.5, is stimulated by high ionic strength, and is sensitive to inactivation by 5'-adenosinemonophosphate (5'-AMP). 2'-AMP, or 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP), a competitive inhibitor of PAPS reductase, do not affect activity. The APR enzymes may be localized in different cellular compartments as evidenced by the presence of an amino-terminal transit peptide for plastid localization in APR1 and APR3 but not APR2. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the APR clones are members of a small gene family, possibly consisting of three members.
Nanosegregation and Structuring in the Bulk and at the Surface of Ionic-Liquid Mixtures (2017)

Ionic-liquid (IL) mixtures hold great promise, as they allow liquids with a wide range of properties to be formed by mixing two common components rather than by synthesizing a large array of pure ILs with different chemical structures. In addition, these mixtures can exhibit a range of properties and structural organization that depend on their composition, which opens up new possibilities for the composition-dependent control of IL properties for particular applications. However, the fundamental properties, structure, and dynamics of IL mixtures are currently poorly understood, which limits their more widespread application. This article presents the first comprehensive investigation into the bulk and surface properties of IL mixtures formed from two commonly encountered ILs: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C<sub>2</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] and [C<sub>12</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N]). Physical property measurements (viscosity, conductivity, and density) reveal that these IL mixtures are not well described by simple mixing laws, implying that their structure and dynamics are strongly composition dependent. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering measurements, alongside molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, show that at low mole fractions of [C<sub>12</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N], the bulk of the IL is composed of small aggregates of [C<sub>12</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> ions in a [C<sub>2</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] matrix, which is driven by nanosegregation of the long alkyl chains and the polar parts of the IL. As the proportion of [C<sub>12</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] in the mixtures increases, the size and number of aggregates increases until the C12 alkyl chains percolate through the system and a bicontinuous network of polar and nonpolar domains is formed. Reactive atom scattering-laser-induced fluorescence experiments, also supported by MD simulations, have been used to probe the surface structure of these mixtures. It is found that the vacuum-IL interface is enriched significantly in C12 alkyl chains, even in mixtures low in the long-chain component. These data show, in contrast to previous suggestions, that the [C<sub>12</sub>mim]<sup>+</sup> ion is surface active in this binary IL mixture. However, the surface does not become saturated in C12 chains as its proportion in the mixtures increases and remains unsaturated in pure [C<sub>12</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N].
Synthesis of Novel Binuclear Samarium Thiolate Complexes [（THF）3I2Sm（μ-SAr）]2 （Ar=Ph, 4-Me2NC6H4） and Crystal Structure of [（THF）3I2Sm（μ-S-4-Me2NC6H4）]2 (2005)

在有 ArSSAr 的 THF 的 SmI2 的反应生产了二 binuclear 钐 thiolate 建筑群[(THF )3I2- Sm (-SAr)]2 [Ar=Ph (1 ) ， 4-Me2NC6H4 (2 )] 在高收益。2 的结构被单个水晶 X 光检查晶体学描绘。2 的水晶与空格组和 a=0.95705 (13 ) 一起属于三斜晶系的系统 nm， b=1.22287 (14 ) nm， c=1.26450 (14 ) nm， =64.194 (11 )??匭 吗？？v？？
Population Monte Carlo methodology a la Gibbs sampling (2011)

Population Monte Carlo (PMC) algorithms iterate on sets of samples and weights to approximate a stationary target distribution. The target distribution is often the a posteriori distribution of a set of unknowns of interest given observed data and the employed model. The accuracy of the estimation depends on many factors including the number and “quality” of the generated samples. In this paper, we propose a PMC algorithm that can be used for high-dimensional models and that is built in the spirit of the Gibbs sampling method. We demonstrate the proposed approach on the classical problem of estimating the frequencies of multiple sinusoids. The simulation results show the accuracy of the estimates and their comparison with the results of an alternative approach.
A dual image adaptor for 16 mm cine cameras (1974)

A device is described which facilitates the convenient photographic recording of two separate images on 16 mm cine film. Two examples are given of the use of the device in conjunction with hot wire and hot film anemometers, in experimental studies of an unsteady fluid flow system.
Upper bound on the duration of quantum jumps (2018)

We present a method to estimate the time scale of quantum jumps from the time correlation of photon pairs generated from a cascade decay in an atomic system, and realize it experimentally in a cold cloud of 87Rb. Taking into account the photodetector response, we find an upper bound for the duration of a quantum jump of 21+/-11 ps.
The role of a proto-Schelde River in the genesis of the southwestern Netherlands, inferred from the Quaternary successions and fossils in Moriaanshoofd Borehole (Zeeland, the Netherlands) (2013)

Abstract We investigated the Quaternary lithological succession and faunas in a borehole near Moriaanshoofd (Province of Zeeland, SW Netherlands), in order to improve our understanding of the depositional context of classical Gelasian mammal faunas from the region. The fossils mostly derive from the base of a fossil-rich interval between 31 m and 36.5 m below the surface, that was initially interpreted as a Middle or Late Pleistocene interglacial marine unit, but turned out to be a Late Quaternary fluvial unit with large amounts of reworked fossils and sediments. Eocene mollusc taxa pinpoint Flanders (Belgium) as the source region for this river. Within the base of this paleo-Schelde River fossil material of various stratigraphic provenance became incorporated.