gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beta 2 Toxigenic Clostridium Perfringens Type A Colitis in a Three-Day-Old Foal (2011)

Beta 2 (β2)-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A was recovered in large numbers from the intestine of a neonatal foal with colitis. The foal had been treated with gentamicin. Necropsy revealed marked distension of cecum and colon with watery, rust-colored homogeneous fluid and gastric infarction. Microscopic colonic lesions were superficial necrosis of 50% of the colonic mucosal surface and scattered 1-3-mm ulcers with subjacent neutrophilic infiltration and large Gram-positive bacilli in the necrotic mucosa. Beta-2 toxin was demonstrated in the lesions by immunohistochemical staining.
A structural comparison of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis loci of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains (2013)

Our data clearly demonstrate that the gene structure of the LPS-biosynthesis locus of L. pneumophila Sg1 strains show significant interstrain variability. These data can be used for further functional analysis of the LPS synthesis to understand pathogenesis and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, variable but strain specific regions can serve as basis for the development of novel genotyping assays.
Transconductance enhancement of Si nanowire transistors by oxide-induced strain (2008)

Transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) enhancement in n-type and p-type nanowire field-effect-transistors (nwFETs) is demonstrated by introducing controlled tensile strain into channel regions by pattern dependant oxidation (PADOX). Values of g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> are enhanced relative to control devices by a factor of 1.5 in p-nwFETs and 3.0 in n-nwFETs. Strain distributions calculated by a three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation reveal predominantly horizontal tensile stress in the nwFET channels. The Raman spectra features in the strain controlled devices display an increase in the full width half maximum, and a shift to lower wavenumber confirming that g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> enhancement is due to tensile stress introduced by the PADOX approach.
Soliton Steering by Longitudinal Modulation of the Nonlinearity in Waveguide Arrays (2010)

We show how discrete solitary waves in one and two-dimensional waveguide arrays can be steered across the lattice via the introduction of a longitudinal periodic modulation of the nonlinear response. Through parametric energy transfer from the modulation to the solitary wave, the latter can increase its width and overcome the Peierls-Nabarro potential to propagate freely.
Effects of Sintering on the Properties of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Perovskite Hollow Fiber Membranes (2010)

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) hollow fiber membrane precursors were prepared by spinning a starting suspension containing 68.75 wt % LSCF powders, 6.25 wt % polyethersulfone (PESf), and 25.0 wt % N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at room temperature using deionized water and tape water as the internal and external coagulants, respectively. High temperature sintering was carried out in a range of 1200−1500 °C to study the influences of the sintering process on the properties of the LSCF hollow fiber membranes including the microstructure, crystalline phase, mechanical strength, as well as the oxygen permeability. Mechanical strength of the LSCF hollow fibers increased with increasing sintering temperature and reached a maximum of 115 MPa at 1500 °C sintering temperature. To obtain gastight LSCF hollow fiber membranes, the sintering temperature must be higher than 1250 °C, and the sintering time must be longer than 2 h. However, higher than 1350 °C sintering temperature would facilitate the formation of sulfate impurity phases, resulting in noticeable reduction of oxygen permeation flux. The optimum sintering temperature should be around 1300 °C, and the sintering time should be within the range of 2−4 h to obtain the gastight and high flux LSCF hollow fiber membranes.
Distinct Cytokine Patterns in the Aqueous Humor of Children, Adolescents and Adults with Uveitis (2008)

Various immune mediators are present in higher concentrations in AqH of children and adolescents with different uveitis entities compared with that of adults, except IL-6, which was higher in adults.
Highly Compact Wrapped-Gore Deployable Reflector (2011)

Deployable space structures have long been investigated as a means for packaging the desired solution within the confines of the launch environment. In this study, the design of a highly compact reflector that can be stowed in a 1U CubeSat is addressed. The ideal diameter of the finished reflector is 1 meter. In order to accomplish this objective, a folding method is developed and design constraints are derived from the packaging requirement. A design method is presented in which the deployed shape is divided into gores and flattened for manufacturing. Constraints on the shape of the gores are imposed in order to produce a flat configuration with desirable stowing characteristics. Two iterations of the design are presented with deployed diameters of 0.8 and 0.5m and final stowed diameters of 16 and 14cm respectively.
The Development of Indicator-Dilution Techniques (1984)

After 87 years, Stewart's fundamental conceptual contribution, the indicator-dilution method for measuring blood flow, is still the basis for a variety of common, practical, and minimally invasive clinical techniques. Given the spectrum of available indicators and their corresponding sensing techniques, we review the relevant transport theory and required assumptions. Various previous developments in the theory of flow and volume measurement are brought together in a formal restatement, based on the general case of dilution of volume indicators, rather than just the special case of mass indicators. The importance of each of the required assumptions is evaluated. Examples discussed include the use of conductivity modifiers and thermal indicators, with and without pulsatile flow. The formalism developed is intended to be helpful in assessing the opportunities and limitations associated with any proposed new indicator-dilution application.
αvβ3 Integrin‐targeting radionuclide therapy and imaging with monomeric RGD peptide (2008)

The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Angiogenic blood vessels overexpress alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, as in tumor neovascularization, and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression in other microvascular beds and organs is limited. Therefore, alpha(v)beta(3) integrin is a suitable receptor for tumor-targeting imaging and therapy. Recently, tetrameric and dimeric RGD peptides have been developed to enhance specificity to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. In comparison to the corresponding monomeric peptide, however, these peptides show high levels of accumulation in kidney and liver. The purpose of this study is to evaluate tumor-targeting properties and the therapeutic potential of 111In- and 90Y-labeled monomeric RGD peptides in BALB/c nude mice with SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma tumors. DOTA-c(RGDfK) was labeled with 111In or 90Y and purified by HPLC. A biodistribution study and scintigraphic images revealed the specific uptake to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and the rapid clearance from normal tissues. These peptides were renally excreted. At 10 min after injection of tracers, 111In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) and 90Y-DOTA-c(RGDfK) showed high uptake in tumors (7.3 +/- 0.6% ID/g and 4.6 +/- 0.8% ID/g, respectively) and gradually decreased over time (2.3 +/- 0.4% ID/g and 1.5 +/- 0.5% ID/g at 24 hr, respectively). High tumor-to-blood and -muscle ratios were obtained from these peptides. In radionuclide therapeutic study, multiple-dose administration of 90Y-DOTA-c(RGDfK) (3 x 11.1 MBq) suppressed tumor growth in comparison to the control group and a single-dose administration (11.1 MBq). Monomeric RGD peptides, 111In-DOTA-c(RGDfK) and (90)Y-DOTA-c(RGDfK), could be promising tracers for alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-targeting imaging and radiotherapy.
Correction: BMP-Non-Responsive Sca1+CD73+CD44+ Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Osteoprogenitor Cells Respond to Combination of VEGF and BMP-6 to Display Enhanced Osteoblastic Differentiation and Ectopic Bone Formation (2019)

After publication of this article [1], concerns were raised about Figs 1 and 2. There were errors in the preparation of the left panel of Fig 1 which resulted in duplication of wells within the figure. A detailed visual guide to the errors generated while copying the wells from the original images is provided as Supporting Information (S1 File). Please see the corrected Fig 1 here, which was prepared by copying the first row of every experimental group for the sake of uniformity and clarity. The errors did not affect the data charts shown in Fig 1 nor the results and conclusions reported.
Compressive Light Field Imaging Using Joint Spatio-Angular Modulation (2013)

In contrast with previous compressive light field imagers, we propose an optical architecture that jointly encodes both angular and spatial structure using a 2D random mask. This joint modulation is shown to outperform other compressive LF cameras.
Self‐Assembled Multilayers of Vertically Aligned Semiconductor Nanorods on Device‐Scale Areas (2011)

Drop casting of highly concentrated solutions of nanorods in high boiling point solvents, followed by slow solvent evaporation, leads to the formation of crack-free multilayers of vertically aligned rods in square centimeter areas. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Kansei Evaluation of Silicon Rubber of Differing Hardness (2015)

Previous studies have suggested that kansei evaluation of an object's hardness, obtained from tactile information, is based on two factors: stiffness and elasticity; with few studies employing adjectives other than these in examining kansei evaluation of objects of differing hardness. Focusing on object hardness, among the characteristics obtained from tactile information, we examined kansei evaluation of silicon rubber of differing hardness, and discussed how to apply the results to products as added value. After preliminary experiments examining relevant factors, such as object thickness, the hardness of selected silicon rubber samples was evaluated by experimental participants by pressing the silicon rubber with their finger. The results demonstrated whether sample thickness or color, or the means of exerting pressure on the sample, had an impact on the evaluation of the hardness of the silicon rubber. A hardness of 60° or less, with a hardness difference of 5° or more, enabled differentiation in hardness between the respective samples. In addition, differing levels of hardness were associated with differing kansei evaluation with respect to the chosen adjectives.
How applicable is fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab to the elderly? (2014)

The combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) has been widely used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders, and is now considered as the standard first-line therapy for fit, young patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, in routine practice, the majority of patients with lymphoproliferative disease are over the age of 70 years, and most studies involving FCR have included younger, "fitter" patients, on average in their sixth decade of life. It is not easy to extrapolate the results of these studies to routine practice. In general, the impression is that FCR is less well tolerated in more elderly patients (> 70 years) with good organ function. However, there is a relative paucity of evidence to support this. In this review we aimed to critically examine evidence of the efficacy and toxicity of FCR in the elderly patient.
Domains of the TCR beta-chain required for early thymocyte development. (1996)

The T cell receptor beta (TCR beta) chain controls the developmental transition from CD4-CD8- to CD4+8+thymocytes. We show that the extracellular constant region and the transmembrane region, but not the variable domain or cytoplasmic tail of the TCR beta chain are required for this differentiation step. TCR beta mutant chains lacking the cytoplasmic tail can be found at the cell surface both in functional TCR/CD3 complexes and in a GPI-anchored monomeric form indicating that the cytoplasmic tail of the TCR beta chain functions as an ER retention signal. The concordance between cell surface expression of the mutant chains as TCR/CD3 complexes and their capacity to mediate thymocyte differentiation supports the CD3 mediated feedback model in which preTCR/CD3 complexes control the developmental transition from CD4-CD8- to CD4+CD8+thymocytes.
Cover Picture: Metal Nitride Cluster Fullerene M3N@C80 (M=Y, Sc) Based Dyads: Synthesis, and Electrochemical, Theoretical and Photophysical Studies (Chem. Eur. J. 4/2009) (2009)

Endohedral fullerene dyads…︁ are described by L. Echegoyen et al. on page 864 ff., which have been obtained by pyrrolidine and cyclopropane derivatives of the trimetallic nitride templated (TNT) endohedral metallofullerenes Ih-Sc3N@C80 and Ih-Y3N@C80 connected to an electron-donor unit (i.e., tetrathiafulvalene, phthalocyanine or ferrocene) through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides and Bingel–Hirsch-type reactions. Meerwein Arylation Reaction In the Minireview on page 820 ff., M. R. Heinrich discusses a number of new reaction types based on the Meerwein reaction that allow the introduction of other atoms and functional groups at the place of the original halogen. In addition, a large group of non-activated olefins, which was at first believed to be too unreactive for Meerwein arylations, has now shown to be equally suited. 1 Borates In their Communication on page 846 ff., Y. Chen et al. report on mono(indenyl)-Sc-dialkyl/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] systems in which the [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] moiety can abstract a π-bonded indenyl ligand rather than a σ-alkyl ligand. The abstraction pathway is influenced by the substituents on the indenyl ligands, and can be controlled by employing different indenyl ligands.1 Alkali-Metal-Mediated Metalation In their Full Paper on page 856 ff., R. E. Mulvey, V. L. Blair et al. discuss advances in alkali-metal-mediated metalation reactions. The focus is on manganation and the ability to attach manganese(II) atoms directly to ferrocene to build new molecular architectures, like that pictured here on the Flatiron building in New York city. 1
Relationships between structural and optical properties of proton-exchanged waveguides on Z-cut lithium niobate (1996)

By using x-ray diffraction and optical waveguide characterization, it has been shown that proton-exchanged layers on Z-cut LiNbO(3) can have as many as seven different crystallographic phases that are stable at room temperature. This study allows us to establish some correlation between fabrication parameters and the crystalline structure, the index profiles, and the propagation losses of waveguides prepared by this process.
Effect of residue insertion on the stability of polyproline‐I and II structures: Circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses of block‐type oligo‐prolines (Pro)m‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro)n (2020)

Abstract The molecular conformation of oligo‐proline peptides composed of two oligo‐proline block sequences and a non‐proline linker residue, designated as (Pro) m ‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro) n peptides, was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD spectra in water and trifluoroethanol indicated that the two oligo‐proline blocks were separated by an inserted residue independent of polyproline‐II (PP‐II). In addition, the stability of the (Pro) m ‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro) n peptides was analyzed using a conformational transition system, during transition from PP‐II to polyproline‐I (PP‐I) in aliphatic alcohols, methanol (MeOH), and 1‐propanol (1‐PrOH). Interestingly, the PP‐II/PP‐I transition was inhibited after a Gly/Ala was inserted at the center of the oligo‐proline; the inhibitory effect of Ala was stronger than that of Gly. When the position of the inserted Ala moved towards the C‐terminal, the (Pro) m ‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro) n peptides displayed a PP‐II/PP‐I transition in 1‐PrOH. Our results confirmed that (Pro) m ‐Gly/Ala‐(Pro) n peptides prefer to form PP‐II hairpin conformations even in MeOH and 1‐PrOH. Thus, our findings suggest that the insertion of Gly/Ala acts as a stabilizer in PP‐II in proline‐rich peptides.
Development and Implementation of RFID Technology (2009)

The book generously covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to RFID systems, namely the design of RFID antennas, RFID readers and the variety of tags (e.g. UHF tags for sensing applications, surface acoustic wave RFID tags, smart RFID tags), complex RFID systems, security and privacy issues in RFID applications, as well as the selection of encryption algorithms. The book offers new insights, solutions and ideas for the design of efficient RFID architectures and applications. While not pretending to be comprehensive, its wide coverage may be appropriate not only for RFID novices but also for experienced technical professionals and RFID aficionados.
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in Mongolia (1997)

We studied the prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection among 112 patients with liver disease and 121 blood donors in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction were employed to detect GBV-C/HGV RNA using the specific primers derived from the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the GBV-C/HGV genome. Nucleotide sequences of all positive samples for GBV-C/HGV RNA were determined. The sequences were analyzed by a molecular evolutionary method. Twenty-five (10.7%) of 233 people were positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA. Eight (6.6%), 11 (9.1%), and 30 (24.8%) blood donors were positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA, HBsAg, and anti-HCV, respectively, although 17 (15.2%), 65 (58.0%), and 64 (54.5%) patients with liver disease were positive for each viral marker. The prevalences of GBV-C/HGV RNA, HBV, and HCV in the patients were significantly higher than those in blood donors (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anti-HCV among people with and without GBV-C/HGV RNA, while the prevalence of HBsAg among people with GBV-C/HGV RNA was significantly higher than among those without GBV-C/HGV RNA (P < 0.05). The molecular evolutionary tree showed that GBV-C/HGV was a heterogeneous virus and all strains could be divided into 2 types. One is the same phylogenetic type as HGV, and the other is a new type that is different from GBV-C and HGV.
Effect of Pressure on the Static Relative Permittivities of Alkan-1-ols at 298.15 K (2006)

Static relative permittivities εr were measured for alkan-1-ols from methanol to octan-1-ol under pressures up to 300 MPa at 298.15 K. A Tait-type equation was used to represent pressure P dependence of εr values for each alkan-1-ol, and the Tait-type parameters A and B were determined. By using the static relative permittivity at P0 = 0.1 MPa εr(P0) and the Tait-type parameters, dielectric parameters at P0 [(∂εr/∂P)T,P0, (∂ ln εr/∂P)T,P0, and εr(P0)-2(∂εr/∂P)T,P0] for alkan-1-ols were calculated at 298.15 K. Values of (∂ ln εr/∂P)T,P0 and εr(P0)-2(∂εr/∂P)T,P0 for each alkan-1-ol from methanol to heptan-1-ol were correlated with the temperature T by a combination of the present values at 298.15 K and those evaluated from εr(P) data at various temperatures from the literature. Effect of carbon number n in alkan-1-ol on the dielectric parameters was also examined at 298.15 K. The (∂ ln εr/∂P)T,P0 values in this work were compared with those calculated from some relationships between (∂ ln εr/∂P)T,P0 and the isothermal compressibility at P0 [κT,P0].
Functional MRI–Guided Motor Cortex and Deep Brain Stimulation for Intractable Facial Pain: A Novel, Personalized Approach in 1 Patient (2022)

We present the first published case of successful treatment of TDPS using simultaneous DBS of the ventroposteromedial and motor cortex stimulation. fMRI can be used as an effective imaging modality to guide neuromodulation in this complex disorder.
Direct Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Substrate and Interfacial Roughness in Molybdenum/Silicon Multilayers Using Extreme Ultraviolet Reflectometer (2007)

In this study, we developed a method of measuring the intensity of rays scattered from a molybdenum/silicon (Mo/Si) multilayer film using an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectometer. We examined the correlations between the peak reflectance, the interfacial roughness of multilayer films, and the substrate roughness. We measured the intensity of scattered rays 13.5 nm from the substrate surface for normal smooth quartz (NSQz), supersmooth quartz (SSQz), and Si substrates using the EUV reflectometer. The intensity of rays scattered from the substrate surface was proportional to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) roughness of the surface. For NSQz, there was a particular strong correlation between the surface roughness determined by AFM and the intensity of scattering rays determined using the EUV reflectometer. However, a week correlation was observed for SSQz and Si. The precisions of the AFM and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurement were low for the quartz substrate. A direct measurement of the intensity of rays scattered from the substrate surface was used to estimate the relative surface roughness independent of the substrate material. The EUV reflectivity and intensity of rays scattered from the Mo/Si multilayer films with two deposition geometries were measured using the EUV reflectometer. The peak reflectivity was related to the substrate roughness for each deposition geometry. Moreover, the peak reflectivity was related to the intensity of rays scattered from the multilayer films and was not influenced by the deposition geometry. The results obtained using the EUV reflectometer showed an obvious relationship between the intensity of scattering rays and the interfacial roughness of multilayer films.
Body Image After Mastectomy Scale: A New Measure of Body Image Behaviors and Beliefs in Women Following Mastectomy (2021)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Body image distress is frequently reported by women after mastectomy and is associated with negative health outcomes, such as reduced quality of life, elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, and impaired sexual functioning. To reduce body image distress after mastectomy, we must first understand the factors that contribute to its development and maintenance. We therefore developed a new measure, the Body Image after Mastectomy Scale (BIMS), to comprehensively assess maladaptive appearance-related beliefs and behaviors (<i>e.g.,</i> avoidance and rituals) that may trigger and maintain body image distress after mastectomy. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Forty-seven female patients undergoing mastectomy with breast reconstruction completed the BIMS and other measures 3 months after breast reconstruction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Evaluation of the BIMS' initial psychometric properties showed that the overall scale has good internal consistency and strong construct validity. Domain-specific subscales ranged in reliability from good to poor. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The BIMS can be used clinically to identify cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy targets to reduce body image distress resulting from mastectomy. It can also be used in research to identify factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of body image distress after mastectomy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03428399.