gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dye diffusion in swollen gels by forced Rayleigh scattering (1982)

Diffusion of a small molecule through a swollen polymeric network is studied by two very different experimental techniques: the first is a microscopic one called forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS), and the second is the macroscopic method of time lag. The diffusant is methyl red, an acid-base indicator dye, and the matrices are swollen crosslinked gelatin networks. The two sets of diffusion coefficients deduced by the two techniques are found to be in complete accord with each other. Since the time-lag technique measures diffusion perpendicular to the gelatin slab and FRS measures diffusion in the plane of the gelatin sample, these experiments indicate structural isotropy and homogeneity of the matrix down to the scale of a few microns. It is also noted that the dependence of the dye diffusion coefficient on the solvent volume fraction does not obey free volume theory predictions.
P02.86. A new method for quantifying the needling component of acupuncture treatments (2012)

Objectives The highly variable nature of acupuncture needling creates challenges to systematic research. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of quantifying acupuncture needle manipulation using motion and force measurements. It was hypothesised that distinct needling styles and techniques would produce different needle motion and force patterns that could be quantifi ed and differentiated from each other. Methods A new needling sensor tool (Acusensor) was used to record needling in real time as performed by six New England School of Acupuncture staff from the ‘Chinese acupuncture’ (style 1) and ‘Japanese acupuncture’ (style 2) programmes (three from each). Each faculty expert needled 12 points (6 bilateral locations) in 12 healthy human subjects using tonifi cation (technique 1) and dispersal (technique 2). Parameters calculated from the raw needling data were displacement amplitude, displacement frequency, rotation amplitude, rotation frequency, force amplitude and torque amplitude. Results Data analysis revealed signifi cant differences in the amplitude of displacement and rotation between needling performed by staff from two different acupuncture styles. Signifi cant overall differences in the frequency of displacement between techniques 1 and 2 that were not dependent of the style of acupuncture being performed were also found. The relationships between displacement and rotation frequencies, as well as between displacement and force amplitudes showed considerable variability across individual acupuncturists and subjects. Conclusions Needling motion and force parameters can be quantifi ed in a treatment-like setting. Needling data can subsequently be analysed, providing an objective method for characterising needling in basic and clinical acupuncture research.
Toward a Solar-Powered Grid (2011)

This article describes selected results from a study examining some of the benefits and challenges of meeting up to 20% of U.S. electricity demand with solar technologies. The discussion in this article will focus on the "20% scenario," which is part of the larger ongoing study of the barriers to large scale deployment of solar energy. (The larger study being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technology Program with contributions from a large number of individuals in industry and academia is tentatively titled the Solar Vision study.) This is not intended to be a detailed integration study. Results to date, however, provide a preliminary examination of the issues associated with deploying solar energy on a large scale in the United States.
A new zero current soft switching duty cycle controlled high frequency multi resonant inverter for consumer power applications (2005)

In this paper, a novel type auxiliary active edge resonant snubber assisted zero current soft switching pulse modulation single-ended push pull (SEPP) series load resonant inverter using IGBT power modules is proposed for cost effective consumer high-frequency induction heating (IH) appliances. Its operating principle in steady state is described by using each switching mode equivalent operating circuits. The new multi resonant high-frequency inverter with series load resonance and edge resonance can regulate its high frequency output power under a condition of a constant frequency zero current soft switching (ZCS) commutation principle on the basis of asymmetrical pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme. The consumer brand-new IH products using proposed ZCS-PWM series load resonant SEPP high-frequency inverter using IGBTs is evaluated and discussed as compared with conventional high-frequency inverter on the basis of experimental results. In order to extend ZCS operation ranges under a low power setting PWM as well as to improve efficiency, the high frequency pulse density modulation (PDM) strategy is demonstrated for high frequency multi resonant inverter. Its practical effectiveness is substantially proved from an application point of view.
Built-In Self-Test of Embedded SEU Detection Cores in Virtex-4 and Virtex-5 FPGAs. (2009)

A Built-In Self-Test (BIST) approach is presented for the Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) and Frame Error Correcting Code (ECC) logic cores embedded in Xilinx Virtex-4 and Virtex-5 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The Frame ECC logic facilitates the detection of Single Event Upsets (SEUs) in the FPGA configuration memory. The ICAP provides read and write access to the configuration memory from within the FPGA fabric, enabling embedded dynamic reconfiguration and fault-tolerant applications with memory scrubbing. Therefore, the fault-free operation of the ICAP and Frame ECC logic is critical for space and fault-tolerant applications that require detection and repair of SEUs. The BIST approach presented is applicable to all Virtex-4 and Virtex-5 FPGAs for both manufacturing and system-level testing of the ICAP and Frame ECC logic. The actual implementation of the BIST approach in Virtex-4 and Virtex-5 FPGAs and associated experimental results are discussed. 1
CRLX101, a Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugate Containing Camptothecin, Improves Rectal Cancer Chemoradiotherapy by Inhibiting DNA Repair and HIF1α (2020)

Novel agents are needed to improve chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the ability of CRLX101, an investigational nanoparticle-drug conjugate containing the payload camptothecin (CPT), to improve therapeutic responses as compared to standard chemotherapy. CRLX101 was evaluated as a radiosensitizer in colorectal cancer cell lines and murine xenograft models. CRLX101 was as potent as CPT in vitro in its ability to radiosensitize cancer cells. Evaluations in vivo demonstrated that the addition of CRLX101 to standard chemoradiotherapy significantly increased therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting DNA repair and HIF-1α pathway activation in tumor cells. Notably, CRLX101 was more effective than oxaliplatin at enhancing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy, with CRLX101 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) producing the highest therapeutic efficacy. Gastrointestinal toxicity was also significantly lower for CRLX101 compared to CPT when combined with radiotherapy. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for CRLX101 as a modality to improve the outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer treatment, in support of ongoing clinical evaluation of this agent (LCC1315 {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02010567","term_id":"NCT02010567"}}NCT02010567).
First Insertions of Carbene Ligands into Ge−N and Si−N Bonds (2017)

The insertion of carbene ligands into Ge-N (three examples) and Si-N (one example) bonds has been achieved for the first time by treating Fischer carbene complexes (M=W, Cr) with bulky amidinatotetrylenes (E=Ge, Si). These reactions, which start with a nucleophilic attack of the amidinatotetrylene heavier group 14 atom to the carbene C atom, proceed through a stereoselective insertion of the carbene fragment into an E-N bond of the amidinatotetrylene ENCN four-membered ring, leading to [M(CO)<sub>5</sub> L] derivatives in which L belongs to a novel family of tetrylene ligands comprising an ECNCN five-membered ring.
Supplemental tables 1-3. IHC reagents and conditions from Tenascin-C and Integrin α9 Mediate Interactions of Prostate Cancer with the Bone Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunohistochemistry conditions and regaents for singe and dual immunohistochemistry&lt;/p&gt;
Lithium‐Sulfur Battery: Evaluation of Dioxolane‐Based Electrolytes (1989)

The lithium‐sulfur battery recently developed in our laboratory shows 95%+ sulfur utilization but low rate capability due to its poorly conducting electrolyte, which is based on a THF:toluene solvent mixture. In order to increase the rate capability of this cell, dioxolane‐based electrolytes have been evaluated. The conductivity of electrolytes consisting of mixtures of THF, toluene, and dioxolane were measured in the temperature range −30° to +60°C. The compatibility of lithium with these electrolytes was also studied. It was found that dioxolane‐rich electrolytes are compatible with lithium and have one order of magnitude higher conductivity than do THF:toluene‐rich electrolytes. However, sulfur utilization in dioxolane‐rich electrolytes is only 50%, even at a very low discharge rate. This is due to a different discharge product, namely, .
An Immune Reconstitution Syndrome-Like Illness Associated withCryptococcus neoformans Infection in Organ Transplant Recipients (2005)

This study demonstrated that an IRS-like entity occurs in organ transplant recipients with C. neoformans infection. Furthermore, this entity may be misconstrued as a failure of therapy. Immunomodulatory agents may have a role as adjunctive therapy in such cases.
Sparse multipass 3D SAR imaging: applications to the GOTCHA data set (2009)

Typically in SAR imaging, there is insufficient data to form well-resolved three-dimensional (3D) images using traditional Fourier image reconstruction; furthermore, scattering centers do not persist over wide-angles. In this work, we examine 3D non-coherent wide-angle imaging on the GOTCHA Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) data set; this data set consists of multipass complete circular aperture radar data from a scene at AFRL, with each pass varying in elevation as a result of aircraft flight dynamics . We compare two algorithms capable of forming well-resolved 3D images over this data set: regularized <i>l</i><sub>p</sub> least-squares inversion, and non-uniform multipass interferometric SAR (IFSAR).
Stereoselective epoxidation of a 5,6,6-trisubstituted cyclohex-2-enone (1985)

Alkaline hydroperoxidation of a cis/trans mixture of 5,6-dimethyl-6-allylcyclohex-2-enone (4 : 1) has led to a pair of epoxides (ratio 3 :1 ) derived only from the cis isomer, whose separation was achieved chromatographically and the relative stereochemistry defined by crystal structure analysis of an ozonolysis product.
Effect of food and gender on the pharmacokinetics of tucaresol in healthy volunteers (1998)

Food intake and gender have no significant effect on the exposure to orally administered tucaresol.
Interference cancellation through interference alignment for downlink of cognitive cellular networks (2014)

Interference cancellation through interference alignment (IA) at the downlink of cognitive cellular networks is proposed. IA helps the spatial resources to be shared among primary and secondary cells, and thus it can provide higher degrees of freedom (DoFs) through interference cancellation. The achievable DoFs are derived and depicted. The achievable sum rates applying water‐filling optimal power allocation are analysed and calculated.
Novel Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Non‐Viral Vectors for the Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene (2009)

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) of synthetic hydroxyapatite (Hap) and natural bone mineral (NBM) are rendered magnetic by treatment with iron ions using a wet‐chemical process. The magnetic NPs (mNPs), which are about 300 nm in diameter, display superparamagnetic properties in a superconducting quantum interference device, with a saturation magnetization of about 30 emu g −1 . X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the magnetic properties of the NPs are the result of the hetero‐epitaxial growth of magnetite on the Hap and NBM crystallites. The mNPs display a high binding affinity for plasmid DNA in contrast to magnetite NPs which do not bind the plasmid well. The mHap and mNBM NPs result in substantial increases in the transfection of rat marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells with the gene for glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), with magnetofection compared to transfection in the absence of a magnet. The amount of GDNF recovered in the medium approaches therapeutic levels despite the small amount of plasmid delivered by the NPs.
A Component-Based Framework for Modeling and Analyzing Probabilistic Real-Time Systems (2011)

International audience
Diabetes and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in E2F1/E2F2 double-mutant mice (2004)

E2F transcription factors are thought to be key regulators of cell growth control. Here we use mutant mouse strains to investigate the function of E2F1 and E2F2 in vivo. E2F1/E2F2 compound-mutant mice develop nonautoimmune insulin-deficient diabetes and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction characterized by endocrine and exocrine cell dysplasia, a reduction in the number and size of acini and islets, and their replacement by ductal structures and adipose tissue. Mutant pancreatic cells exhibit increased rates of DNA replication but also of apoptosis, resulting in severe pancreatic atrophy. The expression of genes involved in DNA replication and cell cycle control was upregulated in the E2F1/E2F2 compound-mutant pancreas, suggesting that their expression is repressed by E2F1/E2F2 activities and that the inappropriate cell cycle found in the mutant pancreas is likely the result of the deregulated expression of these genes. Interestingly, the expression of ductal cell and adipocyte differentiation marker genes was also upregulated, whereas expression of pancreatic cell marker genes were downregulated. These results suggest that E2F1/E2F2 activity negatively controls growth of mature pancreatic cells and is necessary for the maintenance of differentiated pancreatic phenotypes in the adult.
Electrochemical determination of thiols at single-wall carbon nanotubes and PQQ modified electrodes (2005)

The electrocatalytic oxidation of thiols has been observed at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode coated with a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) film. Fourteen thiols including L-cysteine (CySH) and glutathione were tested using the SWNT/GC electrode, and the cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that each thiol was oxidized at much less positive potential than those at other electrodes such as bare GC and diamond electrodes. The SWNT/GC electrode was also modified with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) which showed a further improvement of the catalytic behavior of the SWNT/GC electrode: e.g. the oxidation peak current of CySH was observed at 0.27 V vs. Ag/AgCl in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer. The amperometic responses at these electrodes showed a linear relationship with the substrate concentration in a 10(-6)-10(-3) M range and 10(-6)-10(-7) M detection limits for several thiols including CySH, L-homocysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-penicillamine and glutathione. These electrodes show a response time of 2-3 s and storage stabilities over 3 weeks. A PQQ/SWNT/GC electrode has been successfully applied for the assay of both L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine in the dietary supplement.
Interleukin-6 reduces cartilage destruction during experimental arthritis. A study in interleukin-6-deficient mice. (1997)

Using interleukin (IL)-6-deficient (IL-6(0/0) mice or wild-type mice, we investigated the controversial role of IL-6 in joint inflammation and cartilage pathology during zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA). Monoarticular arthritis was elicited by injection of zymosan into the right knee joint cavity. Production of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and nitric oxide by the inflamed knee was assessed in washouts of joint capsule specimens. Plasma corticosterone was measured using a radioimmunoassay. Proteoglycan synthesis was assessed using [35S]sulfate incorporation into patellas ex vivo. Joint swelling was quantified by joint uptake of circulating 99mTechnetium pertechnetate. Histology was taken to evaluate cellular infiltration and cartilage damage. Zymosan caused a rapid increase in articular IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and NO levels. Except for IL-6, the released amounts and time course of these mediators were comparable in the IL-6-deficient mice and the wild-type mice. Elevated plasma corticosterone levels were measured during the first day of arthritis in both strains. At day 2 of ZIA, joint inflammation (joint swelling and cell exudate) in IL-6-deficient mice was comparable with that in the wild-type mice. The marked suppression of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and proteoglycan degradation were on the average higher in the IL-6-deficient mice. Together this resulted in a more pronounced proteoglycan depletion in the IL-6-deficient mice as compared with the wild-type mice during the first week of arthritis. Injection of recombinant IL-6 into the joint cavity corrected the IL-6 deficiency and significantly reduced cartilage destruction. Inflammation was more chronic in the wild-type mice, and these mice also showed a higher prevalence for osteophyte formation. In ZIA, IL-6 plays a dual role in connective tissue pathology, reducing proteoglycan loss in the acute phase and enhancing osteophyte formation in the chronic phase. The latter could be related to the more severe joint inflammation as seen in the normal (IL-6-producing) animals during the chronic phase of arthritis.
SIW-based slot array antenna and power management circuit for wireless energy harvesting applications (2012)

This paper describes a SIW based slot array antenna and power management circuit for wireless energy harvesting applications. The circuit integrates a high gain linear polarized 1x2 slot array antenna and a power management circuit to form an efficient energy harvesting system. The antenna is designed at 2.4 GHz based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The antenna element comprises of 3 slots cut on a patch compared to the conventional designs [1]–[2], which has resulted in increased operating bandwidth. A half bridge rectifier comprising of one low threshold schottky diode has been used to minimize the losses through the device at high frequency. The power management circuit implements a synchronous boost converter consisting of one pair of complementary MOSFETs to reduce loss in power stages and improve efficiency of the overall system. The measured results show that with input power of −20 dBm the output voltage is 412 mV. The simulated gain of the antenna is 8.2 dB and −10 dB bandwidth of 62.7 MHz with a return ratio (S11) less than −20 dB at resonant frequency.
Sterically Crowded Tris(2‐(trimethylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine – Is it Still a Ligand? (2021)

Tris(2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine, P(o-TMSC<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> )<sub>3</sub> , was synthesised and characterised in solution and in the solid state. The large steric bulk prevents most reactions of the phosphorus donor and makes the compound air stable both in the solid state as well as in solution. This shielded phosphine can still undergo three reactions, namely protonation, oxidation to the phosphine oxide under harsh conditions and complexation to Au<sup>I</sup> , thus forming a complex with linear coordination. Unexpectedly, complexation was unsuccessful with a range of other metal cations. Neither Pd<sup>II</sup> , Pt<sup>II</sup> , Zn<sup>II</sup> nor Hg<sup>II</sup> reacted and even the remaining coinage metal cations Cu<sup>I</sup> and Ag<sup>I</sup> could not be coordinated. Both the parent molecule as well as the reaction products were structurally characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the conformational change of geometry required to accommodate the additional atoms was analysed in detail. Apart from chemical oxidation with H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> , P(o-TMSC<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> )<sub>3</sub> displays reversible electrochemical oxidation with a potential not unlike the one of sterically unencumbered phosphines for which the oxidation is usually not reversible. P(o-TMSC<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> )<sub>3</sub> can thus be considered a model compound for the investigation of the electronic properties of sterically unencumbered phosphines.
Quantification of electrosurgery-related critical events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy – a prospective experimental study among surgical novices (2022)

Uncontrolled movement of instruments in laparoscopic surgery can lead to inadvertent tissue damage, particularly when the dissecting or electrosurgical instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. The incidence and relevance of such events are currently unknown. The present work aims to identify and quantify potentially dangerous situations using the example of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Twenty-four final year medical students were prompted to each perform four consecutive LC attempts on a well-established box trainer in a surgical training environment following a standardized protocol in a porcine model. The following situation was defined as a critical event (CE): the dissecting instrument was inadvertently located outside the laparoscopic camera’s field of view. Simultaneous activation of the electrosurgical unit was defined as a highly critical event (hCE). Primary endpoint was the incidence of CEs. While performing 96 LCs, 2895 CEs were observed. Of these, 1059 (36.6%) were hCEs. The median number of CEs per LC was 20.5 (range: 1–125; IQR: 33) and the median number of hCEs per LC was 8.0 (range: 0–54, IQR: 10). Mean total operation time was 34.7 min (range: 15.6–62.5 min, IQR: 14.3 min). Our study demonstrates the significance of CEs as a potential risk factor for collateral damage during LC. Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of CE in clinical practice, not just for laparoscopic cholecystectomy but also for other procedures. Systematic training of future surgeons as well as technical solutions address this safety issue.
Connectivity and Topology Organization in Ad-Hoc Networks for Service Delivery (2011)

This chapter introduces the concept of connectivity and robustness of a mobile ad-hoc network as a function of the node density and coverage radius. It presents an elementary analytical model based on the spatial Poisson process to formulate the connectivity problem as the computation of the existence of wireless links forming paths obtained by Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. It also introduces a simple clustering strategy that starts forming groups based on one-hop distance and then adjust the coverage radius of the nodes in order to decrease the interference, processing load and isolated nodes in the network. It includes results of scenarios with different robustness of origin-destination pairs and number of clusters and shows the benefits of using the introduced policies.
Coaxial Bipolar Probe (1979)

A coaxial electrode probe that uses the principle of bipolar coagulation is introduced to ophthalmic microsurgery. The central, or axial, electrode is insulated with silicone from the surrounding outer, or coaxial, diameter electrode. The probe uses available bipolar electrode cautery power and control sources. The distance between the electrode is fixed. Therefore, uniform and repeatable coagulations are attained under controlled power settings. Unwanted microscopic scleral shrinkage is eliminated, while desired scleral shrinkage is controlled. Precise pinpoint coagulations of individual capillaries are routine, especially at corneoscleral incision sites. Higher power settings produce a desired scleral marker in retinal surgery.