gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Implementation and Characterization of Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD) on an Ion Mobility Enabled Q-TOF Mass Spectrometer (2010)

RP-51 Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD) occurs when precursor cations are reacted with radical reagent anions to induce fragmentation. Electron transfer from anion to cation, promotes fast and randomised dissociation and hence ETD product ion spectra contain predominantly “c” and “z” type ions and post translational modifications often remain intact providing valuable sequence information. ETD can be implemented and performed on a hybrid Q-IMS-TOF (Waters Synapt) where a supply of reagent is delivered to the nano ESI source where a high voltage discharge pin generates the reagent anions. Analyte cations were generated by infusion or from a nanoACQUITY UPLC system. For ETD, the ion source polarity and the quadrupole set mass were sequentially switched to deliver anions and cations into the TRAP travelling wave (TWAVE) ion guide where they react to form ETD product ions. Product ions were optionally separated by ion mobility in the IMS TWAVE ion guide or were accelerated into the TRANSFER TWAVE ion guide to cause 2nd generation CID ions prior to mass analysis in the TOF. Tryptic peptides from biological sources were separated by nanoAcquity UPLC and triply charged precursor masses were selected and fragmented to generate LC-ETD spectra. High quality data was observed for single protein tryptic digests at the 20-50fm injection level, with ETD data acquired at 1 spectra/second. Cleavage was observed at almost every amide bond in the peptide backbone, yielding easy-to-interpret sequence ladders of c and z-ions. This coupled with the inherent mass measurement accuracy and resolution of the oa-TOF mass analyser makes the data amenable to de novo sequencing. In addition to the ETD experiments the mass spectrometer can acquire alternate scans in CID, and as such data will be compared and contrasted between ETD and CID on a variety of peptides produced and separated by nanoscale chromatography.
The Relative Biological Effectiveness of60Co γ-rays, 55 kVp X-rays, 250 kVp X-rays, and 11 MeV Electrons at Low Doses (1992)

The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of selected low-LET radiation modalities (55 kVp X-rays, 250 kVp X-rays, 60Co gamma-rays, and 11 MeV electrons) was investigated for survival of two cell lines (V79 and CHO). Detailed measurements were made in the low (0 to 3 Gy) dose range using an image cytometry device to accurately determine the number of cells assayed at each dose point. Data were also collected in the high dose range (0 to 10 Gy) using conventional counting and plating techniques. RBE values (+/- 1 SE) varied from 1.0 +/- 0.07 (V79 cells) and 1.2 +/- 0.05 (CHO cells) at high doses to 1.3 +/- 0.07 (V79) and 1.4 +/- 0.1 (CHO) at low doses for 55 kVp X-rays, from 1.1 +/- 0.05 (V79) and 1.1 +/- 0.04 (CHO) at high doses to 1.1 +/- 0.06 (V79) and 1.2 +/- 0.2 (CHO) at low doses for 250 kVp X-rays, and from 1.1 +/- 0.08 (V79) and 1.0 +/- 0.04 (CHO) at high doses to 1.0 +/- 0.06 (V79) and 0.9 +/- 0.1 (CHO) at low doses for 11 MeV electrons. Only the low and high dose RBEs for 55 kVp X-rays relative to 60Co gamma-rays were significantly different.
Zealotry promotes coexistence in the rock-paper-scissors model of cyclic dominance (2015)

Cyclic dominance models, such as the classic rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game, have found real-world applications in biology, ecology, and sociology. A key quantity of interest in such models is the coexistence time, i.e., the time until at least one population type goes extinct. Much recent research has considered conditions that lengthen coexistence times in an RPS model. A general finding is that coexistence is promoted by localized spatial interactions (low mobility), while extinction is fostered by global interactions (high mobility). That is, there exists a mobility threshold which separates a regime of long coexistence from a regime of rapid collapse of coexistence. The key finding of our paper is that if zealots (i.e., nodes able to defeat others while themselves being immune to defeat) of even a single type exist, then system coexistence time can be significantly prolonged, even in the presence of global interactions. This work thus highlights a crucial determinant of system survival time in cyclic dominance models.
A review of HIV risk reduction interventions for youth in sub-Sahara Africa: a theoretical critique and the “relational-situational factor” (2008)

Background: Through rationalizing sexual behavior, theories can serve as a solid ground for HIV risk-reduction interventions. Studies have shown that theory-based interventions are more effective. This review makes suggestions for improving the (use of) theory in HIV risk- reduction interventions among young people in sub-Sahara Africa. Methods: Online databases and websites of international organizations were searched for evaluations of HIV risk reduction interventions for youth in sub-Sahara Africa. Reference lists of selected articles and recent reviews were examined to identify additional studies. 39 articles, reporting on 36 interventions, met the inclusion criteria. Results: There are few published evaluations of HIV-prevention programs, relative to the size of the problem. Long-term impact (>1 year) is measured by only 1 study. Twelve theories were referred to 28 times in 23 articles. Social Cognitive Theory (10) and Health Belief Model (5) dominate. There is no direct link between theory and the impact of interventions. Eleven articles measure all constructs of the theory on which the intervention is based, unfortunately using a variety of indicators giving proof of a poor conceptualization of theoretical constructs. None of the articles studied correlations between measured theoretical determinants and reported behavior, a missed chance for insights in the validity/utility of theories for sexual behavior of African youth. Gaps in measuring the outcome of behavioral interventions include: correct condom use is never assessed and concepts can be interpreted subjectively. Gaps in theory are: absence of specific theoretical concepts or measures for adolescents and ignorance of the relational-situational factor and the social context. As a result, sexual behavior of young people in sub-Saharan Africa cannot be predicted, nor changed by the current dominant constructs of health psychological theories. Conclusions: Efforts should be intensified to incorporate relational-situational aspects and social context in behavioral theory. Current behavioral theories could benefit from complementation with sociological theories.
Enhanced Lithium Ion Battery Cycling of Silicon Nanowire Anodes by Template Growth to Eliminate Silicon Underlayer Islands (2013)

It is well-known that one-dimensional nanostructures reduce pulverization of silicon (Si)-based anode materials during Li ion cycling because they allow lateral relaxation. However, even with improved designs, Si nanowire-based structures still exhibit limited cycling stability for extended numbers of cycles, with the specific capacity retention with cycling not showing significant improvements over commercial carbon-based anode materials. We have found that one important reason for the lack of long cycling stability can be the presence of milli- and microscale Si islands which typically form under nanowire arrays during their growth. Stress buildup in these Si island underlayers with cycling results in cracking, and the loss of specific capacity for Si nanowire anodes, due to progressive loss of contact with current collectors. We show that the formation of these parasitic Si islands for Si nanowires grown directly on metal current collectors can be avoided by growth through anodized aluminum oxide templates containing a high density of sub-100 nm nanopores. Using this template approach we demonstrate significantly enhanced cycling stability for Si nanowire-based lithium-ion battery anodes, with retentions of more than ~1000 mA·h/g discharge capacity over 1100 cycles.
Fuzzy threshold-based uniform local binary patterns for hyperspectral imagery classification (2016)

Local binary patterns (LBP) is a simple and efficient texture description operator, and the improved “uniform” local binary patterns (uLBP) has been proved to be a powerful feature expression for texture classification. However, due to the “0” threshold operation in uLBP, it is sensitive to gray variance resulting from noises and disturbance among classes, which reduces the classification performance. In this paper, a fuzzy threshold-based uniform local binary patterns, abbreviated as ftuLBP, has been proposed to enhance the robustness of the descriptor to gray variance. Specifically, the proposed ftuLBP operator defines a slack variable σ to allow the difference between the central pixel g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> and neighbor pixel g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> to vary in the interval (-σ, σ). If the result g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> - g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> is in the interval (-σ, σ), “0” is given. Otherwise, “1” is given. Through incorporating the fuzzy threshold operator, the ftuLBP method is more robust to noise and disturbance among classes (such as the mutual disturbance among pixels on the edge). The classification results using sparse representation-based classification (SRC) on the Pavia center hyperspectral data set have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed ftuLBP algorithm over the uLBP method.
Methylation of the TWIST1 Promoter, TWIST1 mRNA Levels, and Immunohistochemical Expression of TWIST1 in Breast Cancer (2008)

TWIST1, an antiapoptotic and prometastatic transcription factor, is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers including breast. Only little is known regarding the regulation of TWIST1 in these cancers. Recently, an increase in the TWIST1 promoter methylation has been shown in breast cancers. To correlate the percentage of TWIST1 promoter methylation to the protein levels, we analyzed simultaneously the methylation status as well as the mRNA and the percentage of cells expressing TWIST1 in normal breast tissue and 76 invasive breast cancers. We found that TWIST1 promoter methylation is significantly more prevalent in malignant compared with healthy breast tissue. Furthermore, the percentage of cells expressing TWIST1 was greater in breast malignancy compared with matched healthy tissue from the same patients. There was no correlation, however, between TWIST1 promoter methylation and TWIST1 protein or RNA expression. This indicates that although TWIST1 CpG methylation is useful as a biomarker in breast cancer diagnosis, there is no direct correlation with TWIST1 expression.
Pourquoi et comment sont conçues les innovations responsables ? Résultats d’une méta-ethnographie (2019)

Bien que le concept d’innovation responsable (IR) gagne en popularité, aucune synthèse d’études empiriques n’existe pour informer son développement. Cet article présente les résultats d’une méta-ethnographie dont l’objectif était de modéliser pourquoi et comment différentes IR ayant une incidence sur les déterminants de la santé avaient été développées. Dix-sept études qualitatives, publiées entre 2000 et 2018, ont été analysées afin d’élaborer ce modèle. Ce dernier suggère que les IR sont orientées vers un bien commun, mais que les acteurs cherchent aussi par ces projets à satisfaire leurs intérêts propres. Les processus de développement des IR impliquent des activités de nature managériale, cognitive-technologique et normative-politique qui permettent de prendre des décisions pragmatiques et de créer un espace protecteur pour ces IR. Cette étude confirme la pertinence de plusieurs notions théoriques de l’IR, mais identifie également des aspects qui échappent aux logiques normatives qui prévalent actuellement dans la littérature. Codes JEL : O31, O350
Extraction and Stability of Pigment from Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) Seeds (2010)

In this work,arecanut seeds were used for the raw material to extract a natural red pigment by organic solvent extraction,and the stability of the pigment obtained was evaluated.Results showed that the optimum extraction process of arecanut pigment was achieved by using 70% ethanol to extract arecanut seeds for 4 h at pH 7.0 and 80 ℃ with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:40 (g/mL).The pigment had good stability under light illumination or acidic pH value,strong reduction resistance,but poor antioxidant capacity.A hyperchromic effect of alkaline pH value and some food additives including citric acid,glucose,sodium benzoate,potassium sorbate and sodium bicarbonate on the pigment was observed.The pigment exhibited a percent loss of 13.41% when exposed to 4.0% H2O2.Some metal ions such as Na+,K+,Ca2+ and Mg2+ had little effects on the pigment and others such as Fe3+,Cu2+ and Zn2+ also had no obvious destructive effects.Characteristic color reactions preliminarily demonstrated that the pigment was one kind of anthocyanins or even flavonoids.
Vitellogenin in Drosophila melanogaster: sequence of the yolk protein I gene and its flanking regions (1981)

We have isolated recombinant DNA clones coding for female specific proteins from Drosophila melanogaster. By screening with 32P-(A)+RNA from male and female flies, respectively, we were able to isolate a set of 100 cDNA clones which showed a positive hybridization signal for RNA from female flies. These clones have been rescreened with RNA isolated from fat body of two day old male and female flies. We obtained four positive cDNA clones. Isolation of the corresponding genomic sequences, construction of the physical map and comparing it with the restriction maps published by Barnett et al. (1) led us to conclude that we had isolated the genes coding for two of the three known yolk protein precursors (vitellogenins), YP I and YP II. The sequence of the YP I gene was determined. It gives rise to a protein of 48 700 dalton MW which might be cleaved to a MW of 46 700 during transport. The coding sequence is interrupted by a single intron of 75 bases in length. The proposed leader sequence starts at a region homologous to six heat shock gene sequences at the site of initiation of transcription, suggesting the existence of an 11 bp cap specific consensus sequence for Drosophila melanogaster.
Supplementary Figure 1 from NF-κB Activity Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Accumulation at Tumor Sites (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 96K, Characterization of cultured human MSC&lt;/p&gt;
Properties of two-dimensional electron gas containing self-organized quantum antidots (1999)

A nonuniform two-dimensional electron gas in a heterojunction with inserted self-organized electrically inactive dots (acting as antidots) has been fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy of AlGaAs/AlInAs/GaAs layer sequences. Transport measurements give the ratio of the transport mobility to the quantum mobility less than four, which suggests that the dominant scattering at low magnetic fields is the short-range scattering from the lateral potential of the antidots. Far-infrared cyclotron resonance (CR) spectra show an absorption mode as narrow as 0.5 cm−1 at high magnetic fields associated with the high-mobility electron gas formed between the antidot islands and confined in the lateral directions. The confinement energy of 14 cm−1 is derived from the CR spectra.
Wide-band frequency-tunable terahertz and infrared detection with graphene (2013)

We report a graphene-based frequency-selective terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) detector. The experimental results have demonstrated that the graphene transistor under a magnetic field is capable of detecting THz and IR waves in a very wide band of frequencies (0.76-33 THz) and that the detection frequency is tuned by changing the magnetic field. We have further imaged electric potential distribution in the graphene detector and have observed local step structure associated with impurities. The THz and IR photoconductivity properties of graphene are likely to be sensitive to such potential steps.
Cystinosis. Intracellular cystine depletion by aminothiols in vitro and in vivo. (1976)

Certain aminothiols rapidly deplete cultured cystinotic skin fibroblasts of their abnormally high free (nonprotein) cystine pool. The free cystine content of these cells if reduced by over 90% in 1 h with 0.1 mM cysteamine. This is more rapid than previously known methods of removing free cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts. The disulfide, cystamine, is also able to deplete cystinotic cells of free cystine. A patient with nephropathic cystinosis and end-stage renal disease was treated with cysteamine, both intravenously and orally. Both methods of administration rapidly lowered the free cystine content of the patient's peripheral leukocytes. Study of the patient's urinary sulfur excretion did not conclusively determine the effect of this therapy on the total body cystine pool. Her renal status remained at end stage after 1 mo of oral cysteamine, when an episode of grand mal seizures prompted cessation of the study. Determination of the proper place of aminothiol therapy in this disease will depend upon further clinical trial with patients whose kidney function has not deteriorated to the point of irreversible change, accompanied by careful monitoring of plasma aminothiol levels.
Polyazapolycyclics by condensation of aldehydes with amines. 2. Formation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05.9.03,11]dodecanes from glyoxal and benzylamines (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyazapolycyclics by condensation of aldehydes with amines. 2. Formation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05.9.03,11]dodecanes from glyoxal and benzylaminesArnold T. Nielsen, Robin A. Nissan, David J. Vanderah, Clifford L. Coon, Richard D. Gilardi, Clifford F. George, and Judith Flippen-AndersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 5, 1459–1466Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00292a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00292a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1939Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Treatment perspectives for human African trypanosomiasis (2003)

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is currently on the rise. HAT develops in two stages, the first involving the hemolymphatic system, and the second, the neurological system. Left untreated, HAT is invariably fatal. There have been no therapeutic advances in more than 40 years. Stage 1 can be treated with pentamidine and suramin, but stage 2 can only be treated with melarsoprol, a toxic arsenic derivative that has a 2-12% incidence of fatal side-effects (encephalopathy). Eflornithine has never achieved widespread use because it is difficult to administer under field conditions. Nifurtimox has been used successfully in the treatment of American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, but only in small studies or as a compassionate use treatment. There is little research and development for new drugs in this area: only one prodrug is in the clinical development phase, a pentamidine analog that offers hope for the replacement of injectable pentamidine with an orally administered drug. Current efforts appear to be focused on reevaluating older drugs. A course of treatment with melarsoprol for 10 days at 2.2 mg/kg/day is now in the multicenter evaluation phase. Orally administered eflornithine is also slated for reevaluation. In addition, studies of drug combinations are recommended to determine possible combined or synergistic effects and find ways to reduce toxicity.
Facile fabrication of self-assembled ZnO nanowire network channels and its gate-controlled UV detection (2018)

We demonstrate a facile way to fabricate an array of gate-controllable UV sensors based on assembled zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) network field-effect transistor (FET). This was realized by combining both molecular surface programmed patterning and selective NW assembly on the polar regions avoiding the nonpolar regions, followed by heat treatment at 300 °C to ensure stable contact between NWs. The ZnO NW network FET devices showed typical n-type characteristic with an on-off ratio of 10<sup>5</sup>, transconductance around 47 nS, and mobility around 0.175 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>- 1</sup> s<sup>- 1</sup>. In addition, the devices showed photoresponsive behavior to UV light that can be controlled by the applied gate voltage. The photoresponsivity was found to be linearly proportional to the channel voltage V<sub>ds</sub>, showing maximum photoresponsivity at V<sub>ds</sub> = 7 V.
Weak inversion models for nMOS gate-all-around (GAA) devices (1993)

Several 1-D analytical models of the potential distribution across the nMOS/GAA device are proposed and compared. The most accurate result is achieved solving the Poisson equation accounting for both the depletion charges and an approximation of the electron density at the surface of the film. The derived analytical expressions of the drain current and the threshold voltage are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Highlights of the third data communications symposium (1974)

The three day Symposium, the third in a series devoted to data telecommunication networks, was attended by 300 participants.
Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Nitriles Catalyzed by Molybdenum and Tungsten Amides (2014)

Low-valent molybdenum and tungsten amides M(NO)(CO)(PNP) {M = Mo, 1a; W, 1b; PNP = N(CH2CH2PiPr2)2} were found to be active catalysts for the hydrogenation of various nitriles to the corresponding imines, primary amines, and N-substituted imines with high selectivity for the latter type of product. A wide range of p- and m-substituted aromatic nitriles—p-methyl, p-methoxy, p-bromobenzonitriles; 3-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile, m- and p-disubstituted benzonitrile; the heterocyclic 2-thiophencarbonitrile; and the aliphatic nitriles cyclohexylcarbonitrile and benzylcyanide—could be hydrogenated at 140 °C and 60 bar H2 in THF with high yields. TOFs were found to be between 0.4 and 36 h–1.
The Dretler Stone Cone: A Device to Prevent Ureteral Stone Migration—The Initial Clinical Experience (2002)

The Dretler stone cone represents a new generation of basketry that minimizes proximal ureteral stone migration and allows safe extraction of fragments during ureteroscopic lithotripsy. In our experience it is associated with a lower incidence of significant residual fragments and fewer auxiliary procedures than conventional flat wire baskets.