gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale surface tracking of laser material processing using phase shifting diffraction interferometry (2014)

Phase shifting diffraction interferometry (PSDI) was adapted to provide real-time feedback control of a laser-based chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) process with nanometer scale sensitivity. PSDI measurements of laser heated BK7 and fused silica substrates were used to validate a finite element model that accounts for both refractive index changes and displacement contributions to the material response. Utilizing PSDI and accounting for the kinetics of the modeled thermomechanical response, increased control of the LCVD process was obtained. This approach to surface tracking is useful in applications where extreme environments on the working surface require back-side optical probing through the substrate.
From genomics to targeted treatment in haematological malignancies: a focus on acute myeloid leukaemia (2018)

The haematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders, which lead to almost 10,000 deaths annually in the UK. Over the past 2 decades, there has been significant progress in our understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying these cancers, accompanied by improvements in outcomes for some patients. In particular, advances in next-generation sequencing now make it possible to define the genetic lesions present in each patient, which has led to improved disease classification, risk stratification and identification of new therapeutic targets. Here we discuss recent advances in the genomic classification and targeted treatment of haematological malignancies, focusing on acute myeloid leukaemia. Multiple novel drug classes are now on the horizon, including agents that target overactive signalling pathways, differentiation therapies and immunotherapies. By combining molecular diagnostics with targeted therapy, the management of these diseases is set to change radically over the coming years.
Ontology-based data integration methods: a framework for comparison (2005)

A data integration system provides a uniform interface to distributed and heterogeneous sources. These sources can be databases as well as unstructured information such as files, HTML pages, etc. One of the most important problems within data integration is the semantic heterogeneity, which analyzes the meaning of terms included in the different information sources. This survey describes seven systems and three proposals for ontology -based data integration. An important feature is that all of them use, in some way, ontologies as the way to solve problems about semantic heterogeneity. In this paper, we show similarities and differences among the systems by providing a framework for comparison and classification.\nKeywords: Data Integration, Ontology, Semantic Heterogeneity.
Correlating magnetotransport and diamagnetism ofsp2-bonded carbon networks through the metal-insulator transition (2011)

Titanium-carbide-derived carbons (TiC-CDCs) are porous $s{p}^{2}$-bonded networks synthesized by exposing TiC to chlorine gas at an elevated temperature. The latter ``chlorination temperature'' adjusts the size of the pores and the $s{p}^{2}$-bonded carbon domains within this material. We perform magnetoresistance, electronic transport, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetization measurements on TiC-CDC samples prepared at different chlorination temperatures. Transport reveals a metal-insulator transition where high (low) chlorination temperature samples are on the metallic (insulating) side of the transition. Magnetoresistance measurements are consistent with transport in the weak and strong localization regimes for metallic and insulating samples, respectively. Changes in diamagnetism, electronic transport, and magnetoresistance data across the metal-insulator transition are coordinated, suggesting that all three properties are controlled by a single parameter, likely the expansion of $s{p}^{2}$-bonded domains.
Dynamic session management for telerobotic control and simulation (2002)

Session management of a telerobotic operation is an important aspect which has not been adequately addressed by the research community. This paper describes work performed by the Universities Space Automation/Robotics Consortium (USARC) which allows dynamic configuration and monitoring of a telerobotic system which is distributed over a wide-area network. The Telerobotic Session Manager (TSM) allows the session manager to coordinate control among multiple operators, to perform task handoffs or to control multiple robots. This provides greater modularity and reconfigurability than previous telerobot control systems. Motion control of the telerobot is provided by a generic robot motion controller which receives configuration information from TSM. Real or virtual environments are simulated by predictive simulation software which is also configured via TSM. This paper describes TSM, the motion controller, the simulation system, and a variety of tasks which have been performed by the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chromium picolinate for insulin resistance in subjects with HIV disease: a pilot study (2006)

The study shows that chromium picolinate therapy improves insulin resistance in some HIV-positive subjects, but with some concerns about safety in this population.
Morphological evolution of metal nanoparticles on surfaces of carbon nanotubes (2005)

We propose a model to elucidate the morphological evolution of metal nanoparticles grown on surfaces of carbon nanotubes. The model is based on the concept of bending-strain-induced self-organization of nanoparticles on curved surfaces. Criteria are derived within the continuum elasticity theory for predicting the size and shape of metal nanoparticles. Applications of these criteria to different metals show good agreement with experimental results.
[Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in immunosuppressed mice treated with gentamicin (author's transl)]. (1978)

Experiments have been established in order to study the antagonistic effect of cyclophosphamid treatment on the antibiotic activity of gentamicin in vivo. An immunodepressive state in mice (50 % reduction of neutrophil polymorphonuclear) was obtained with a 5 day treatment of cyclophosphamid, at the dose of 15 mg/kg. The mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 LD50 of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotherapy was applied in 2 ways differing with the dose of gentamicin given twice a day by subcutaneous route (either 2.5 or 25 mg/kg) and with the time at which treatment was started (either at 1 or at 2 h after bacterial challenge). The gentamicin activity decreases in immunosuppressed mice when antibiotic is applied with a low dose (2.5 mg/kg), 1 h after infection challenge. This effect disappears when gentamicin is given with high doses (20 mg/kg) or when antibiotherapy is delayed (2 h after infection challenge). In this case, mortality is important and close to non immunodepressed mice.
PIN–PMN–PT piezoelectric crystals with increased rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature (2014)

In this work, crystal growth and characterization of PIN–PMN–PT (29–59% PIN and 28–35% PT) were conducted to understand how PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system impacts its phase stability during crystallization. High-quality PIN–PMN–PT crystals with 36% PIN were obtained using the self-seeded Bridgman process, even though the cubic phase In 2 O 3 formed at the very beginning of solidification. The melt became more unstable when the PIN ratio in the PIN–PMN–PT system increased to 49% and above, which affected the composition and quality of the as-grown crystals significantly. By increasing the PIN to 36% in PIN–PMN–PT crystal, the rhombohedral-to-tetragonal phase transition temperatures and the coercive field reached 115–135°C and 4.5~5.6 kV/cm, respectively, that greatly expanded the operation domains compared to PMN–PT crystals.
Increased neuronal cell survival after L-deprenyl treatment in experimental thiamine deficiency (1998)

Experimental thiamine deficiency results in a reproducible pattern of selective neuronal cell death. Events such as blood-brain barrier breakdown, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, and increased reactive oxygen species have been implicated in thiamine deficiency-induced neural loss. L-deprenyl protects dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and acetylcholinergic neurons from neurotoxic, mechanical, and excitotoxic damage. In the present study, the effects of l-deprenyl on neuronal cell survival were examined in rats made thiamine deficient by daily administration of the central thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.). Rats assigned to thiamine deficient or control groups received daily injections of l-deprenyl (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg/day i.p.) or vehicle until they reached a state of severe thiamine deficiency (loss of righting reflex). At this stage, thiamine status was restored by daily injections of thiamine (10 mg/kg s.c.) for 3 days, after which the animals were killed, and their brains were processed for neuronal cell counts (cresyl violet staining), astrocytic proliferation [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry], and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity. All rats receiving l-deprenyl (all doses) had significantly decreased neuronal cell loss in thalamic nuclei, in the inferior colliculus, and in the inferior olive and had a concomitant decrease in reactive astrocytic proliferation compared with the thiamine-deficient, vehicle-treated rats. The neuroprotective effects of l-deprenyl in thiamine deficiency induced brain damage most likely result from its properties other than its effects as an MAO-B inhibitor.
Rotation estimation from spherical images (2004)

Robotic navigation algorithms increasingly make use of the panoramic field of view provided by omnidirectional images to assist with localization tasks. Since the images taken by a particular class of omnidirectional sensors can be mapped to the sphere, the problem of attitude estimation arising from 3D rotations of the camera can be treated as a problem of estimating rotations between spherical images. Recently, it has been shown that direct signal processing techniques are effective tools in handling rotations of the sphere, but are limited when the signal is altered by larger rotations of omnidirectional cameras. We present an effective solution to the attitude estimation problem under large rotations. Our approach utilizes a shift theorem for the spherical Fourier transform to produce a solution in the spectral domain.
High efficiency design WGM cavity using the Floquet Bloch formalism (2005)

International audience
Mobility and Ionic Association of Lithium and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Propylene Carbonate and γ‐Butyrolactone (1994)

The conductivities of lithium and quaternary ammonium salts have been measured in propylene carbonate and γ‐butyrolactone at 25°C over the concentration range of 10−2 to 10−3 mol dm−3. The limiting molar conductivities and the ionic association constants were calculated by the expanded Fuoss‐Hsia equation. The mobility of anions in both solvents decreased in the following order: . The association constants increased in the following order: , , while those of the corresponding tetraethylammonium salts were leveled by electrostatic shielding effect of alkyl groups. These results were correlated with ionic radii obtained by MM2 calculation.
Towards a Point‐of‐Care Test for Bacterial Vaginosis: Design and Development of a Rapid Test for Vaginolysin (2018)

There is an ongoing need for an accurate, affordable, and simple point of care test to detect Bacterial Vaginosis (BV). This condition is characterized as a change from a Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota to an anaerobic and facultative bacterial dominance, leaving patients with vaginal discharge, vaginal malodor, and extreme discomfort. The effects of BV are substantial, and include increased risks of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection, and the increased likelihood of miscarriages associated with BV. These potential outcomes of BV negatively and acutely impact the patient's quality of life, while these individuals also often report physical discomfort, embarrassment, and social isolation as a result of undiagnosed BV. To date, the most commonly identified bacteria associated with BV is Gardnerella vaginalis. This work describes the design of a diagnostic test for the presence of vaginolysin, a toxin secreted by all 17 strains of G. vaginalis. Quantification of this toxin can be correlated with levels of this undesired bacteria, while elevated levels of G. vaginalis have been shown to lead to a toxic vaginal environment, facilitating BV. We report the recombinant expression and purification of vaginolysin, and the development of an ELISA assay for its detection. This methodology will, in turn, be adapted to a lateral flow assay (LFA) for use in a rapid, easy-to-use, cost effective paper-based point-of-care diagnostic for BV that does not require the use of any instrumentation for the visualization of the results of the test. The platform that we have devised is amenable for the incorporation of other assays, and, therefore, can be employed for the multiplex detection of other pathogens. Specifically, our approach and detection platform will be expanded to include tests for Lactobacillus, Mobiluncus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, and the seven other bacteria that leave the vagina in an unbalanced state, ultimately providing for a fully comprehensive point-of-care test to detect bacterial vaginosis. Support or Funding Information Dr. Sylvia Daunert is grateful to the Miller School of Medicine of the University of Miami for the Lucille P. Markey Chair in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Principal Behind the Lateral Flow Assay for Vaginolysin This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A neural network component for an intrusion detection system (2003)

An approach toward user behavior modeling that takes advantage of the properties of neural algorithms is described, and results obtained on preliminary testing of the approach are presented. The basis of the approach is the IDES (Intruder Detection Expert System) which has two components, an expert system looking for evidence of attacks on known vulnerabilities of the system and a statistical model of the behavior of a user on the computer system under surveillance. This model learns the habits a user has when he works with the computer, and raises warnings when the current behavior is not consistent with the previously learned patterns. The authors suggest the time series approach to add broader scope to the model. They therefore feel the need for alternative techniques and introduce the use of a neural network component for modeling user's behavior as a component for the intrusion detection system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth of Thick GaN Layers by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy on Sapphire Substrate with Internally Focused Laser Processing (2013)

High-quality thick GaN layers were directly grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates preliminary processed by a laser beam focused within the substrate. The critical thickness for crack generation was improved drastically from 10–20 µm for regular substrates to 220–250 µm by using the laser processed sapphire substrates. Layers of 200 µm thickness grown on the laser processed sapphire substrates exhibited a crack-free surface over the entire 2-in. area and a threading dislocation density as low as 1×107 cm-2, which is one order of magnitude lower than that achievable with a regular sapphire substrate.
Making optical connections independent of optical physics (2005)

New methods, implemented in CMOS, mitigate the effects of analog degradations on 10 Gb/s optical signals. Experimental results, across 320, 1280, and 5280 km of standard single-mode fiber, without any optical compensators, show complete compensation for the dispersion and substantial elimination of the SPM.
Sources de photons intriqués en polarisation : travaux pratiques de physique quantique (2008)

La description quantique d'un ensemble de particules indiscernables et la notion d'intrication ont suscite historiquement d'importants debats scientifiques et epistemologiques. Des sources de paires de photons intriques permettant de mettre en evidence des elements de reponse a ces questionnements historiques peuvent maintenant etre aisement mises en oeuvre experimentalement. Apres les definitions des notions de polarisation et d'intrication, les lois de l'optique non lineaire et de l'optique des milieux anisotropes qui regissent la generation parametrique de ces photons sont donnees, ainsi que les contraintes specifiques a l'obtention d'etats intriques. Deux exemples de realisations experimentales compactes, concues pour valider la description quantique de ces etats dans le cadre de travaux pratiques en ecole d'ingenieur sont proposees et decrites. La qualite des sources permet aux etudiants de verifier la validite de la theorie quantique, en quelques heures.
Cancer Rehabilitation Special Report: Report of the Task Force on Medical Rehabilitation Research June 28-29, 1990 Huntsville, Maryland (1991)

1Task Force CoChairman Professor and Chairman Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan 2Task Force Cochairman Professor of Kinesiology Department of Kinesiology University of California at Los Angeles
P163Stromal derived factor 1-a protects human heart tissue from simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury (2014)

Purpose: Whether, stromal cell-derived factor 1 αlpha (SDF-1α) can protect human heart tissue is not known, and is investigated here using isolated human atrial trabeculae exposed to simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: Atrial trabeculae were isolated from right atrial appendage tissue harvested from consented patients undergoing elective cardiac bypass surgery (REC 00/0275). They were suspended in organ baths and superfused with normoxic Tyrode's solution at 37.0°C with a field stimulation of 1 Hz. Atrial trabeculae were randomised to receive: (1) Control group (N=10): 60 minutes simulated ischaemia (SI, hypoxic solution+3 Hz field stimulation) followed by 60 minutes reperfusion. After 60 minutes reperfusion the recovery of baseline contractile function (expressed as a %) was determined; (2) SDF-1α group (N=10): Trabeculae were perfused with SDF-1α (25ng/ml) for 30 minutes prior to SI; (3) SDF-1α+AMD3100 group (N=7): Trabeculae were perfused with SDF-1α (25ng/ml) for 30 minutes prior to SI, with AMD3100 (10mcg/ml), a specific SDF-1α/CXCR4 receptor blocker, given 10 minutes prior to SDF-1α; (4) AMD 3100 group (N=4): Trabeculae were treated with AMD3100 given 40 minutes prior to SI. Results: (see figure 1). Pre-treatment of human atrial trabeculae with SDF-1α prior to simulated IRI improved the % recovery of baseline contractile function when compared to control (52±2% with SDF-1α versus 28±2% in control; p<0.05). This cardioprotective effect was significantly reduced by AMD3100 when compared to SDF-1α alone (24±2% with SDF-1α+AMD100; p<0.05). AMD3100 itself had no effect on functional recovery when compared to control (30±4% with AMD3100 versus 28±2% with control; p>0.05). Figure 1
Water-Based Latex Dispersions. 3. Exchange Dynamics of Nonionic Surfactants and Poly(ethylene glycol) on Colloidal Particles with Different Interfacial Properties (2003)

The residence times at equilibrium of nonylphenol ethoxylate or of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in silica and in latex dispersions (polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate)) have been determined. By means of self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) it was found that the surfactant with 84 oxyethylene units (NP100) in mean was “irreversibly adsorbed” on all surfaces, with residence times on the order of seconds. For the surfactant with 10 oxyethylene units (NP10) in mean the residence times were shorter, on the order of milliseconds, on both silica and polystyrene. By using PEGs of different molecular weights instead of the surfactants, it was found that the molecular weight of the PEG chain and the nonylphenol group mutually influenced the residence times of the surfactants. For the short PEG chain (196 g/mol), the residence times were shorter than 10 ms on both silica and on polystyrene. Surprisingly, the residence times were shorter than 10 ms also for the longer PEG chain (4120 g/mol). The main contribution to the slow exchange dynamics was therefore, regardless of the surface polarity, due to the hydrophobic nonylphenol group. However, the PEG chain in NP100 adsorbed with train segments on the surfaces, which, like the nonylphenol group, also prolonged the residence times.
Kienböck’s Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment (2001)

Kienbock's disease, or osteonecrosis of the lunate, can lead to chronic, debilitating wrist pain. Etiologic factors include vascular and skeletal variations combined with trauma or repetitive loading. In stage I Kienbock's disease, plain radiographs appear normal, and bone scintigraphy or magnetic resonance imaging is required for diagnosis. Initial treatment is nonoperative. In stage II, sclerosis of the lunate, compression fracture, and/or early collapse of the radial border of the lunate may appear. In stage IIIA, there is more severe lunate collapse. Because the remainder of the carpus is still uninvolved, treatment in stages II and IIIA involves attempts at revascularization of the lunate-either directly (with vascularized bone grafting) or indirectly (by unloading the lunate). Radial shortening in wrists with negative ulnar variance and capitate shortening or radial-wedge osteotomy in wrists with neutral or positive ulnar variance can be performed alone or with vascularized bone grafting. In stage IIIB, palmar rotation of the scaphoid and proximal migration of the capitate occur, and treatment addresses the carpal collapse. Surgical options include scaphotrapeziotrapezoid or scaphocapitate arthrodesis to correct scaphoid hyperflexion. In stage IV, degenerative changes are present at the midcarpal joint, the radiocarpal joint, or both. Treatment options include proximal-row carpectomy and wrist arthrodesis.
The Csk-Associated Adaptor PAG Inhibits Effector T Cell Activation in Cooperation with Phosphatase PTPN22 and Dok Adaptors (2016)

The transmembrane adaptor PAG (Cbp) has been proposed to mediate membrane recruitment of Csk, a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase playing a critical inhibitory role during T cell activation, by inactivating membrane-associated Src kinases. However, this model has not been validated by genetic evidence. Here, we demonstrate that PAG-deficient mice display enhanced T cell activation responses in effector, but not in naive, T cells. PAG-deficient mice also have augmented T cell-dependent autoimmunity and greater resistance to T cell anergy. Interestingly, in the absence of PAG, Csk becomes more associated with alternative partners; i.e., phosphatase PTPN22 and Dok adaptors. Combining PAG deficiency with PTPN22 or Dok adaptor deficiency further enhances effector T cell responses. Unlike PAG, Cbl ubiquitin ligases inhibit the activation of naive, but not of effector, T cells. Thus, Csk-associating PAG is a critical component of the inhibitory machinery controlling effector T cell activation in cooperation with PTPN22 and Dok adaptors.