gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Toxicity by Sex Among Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group (2015)

This study complements cancer survivorship studies that also report an increase in treatment-related late effects among females. Risk profiles appear to be different for male and female patients, with females having greater risk of developing both acute and long-term treatment-related toxicities. The underlying biological mechanisms for these sex differences are poorly understood and warrant further study in order to determine how sex-based outcome disparities can be addressed in future clinical trials and practice.
Design of a linear haptic display based on approximate straight line mechanisms (2010)

In this paper, we study a class of one degree-of-freedom mechanisms in order to design linear haptic interfaces. They allow to perform straight line motions with only revolute joints, thus limiting the friction that characterizes linear bearings. We particularly describe the characteristics of these systems and their good properties to design haptic displays: parallel architecture, very good linearity, good use of the actuator torque. The Hoeken's mechanism which has the best characteristics to build a direct drive general purpose haptic display is selected. We present the fabricated prototype and its evaluation in terms of bandwidth, Coulomb friction and apparent mass.
Unsupervised discovery and extraction of semi-structured regions in text via self-information (2013)

We describe a general method for identifying and extracting information from semi-structured regions of text embedded within a natural language document. These regions encode information according to ad hoc schemas and visual cues, instead of using the grammatical and presentational conventions of normal sentential language. Examples include tables, key-value listings, or repeated enumerations of properties. Because of their generally non-sentential nature, these regions can present problems for standard information extraction algorithms. Unlike previous work in table extraction, which relies on a relatively noiseless two-dimensional layout, our aim is to accommodate a wide variety of structure types. Our approach for identifying semi-structured regions is an unsupervised one, based on scoring unusual regularity inside the document. As content in semi-structured regions are governed by a schema, the occurrence of features encompassing textual content and visual appearance would be unusual compared to those seen in sentential language. Regularity refers to repetition of these unusual features, as semi-structured regions commonly encode more than a single row or group of information. To score this, we present a measure based on expected self-information, derived from statistics over patterns of textual categories and visual layout. We describe the results of an initial study to assess the ability of these measures to detect semi-structured text in a corpus culled from the web, and show that this measure outperform baseline methods on an average precision measure. We present initial work that uses these significant patterns to generate extraction rules, and conclude with a discussion of future directions.
Quaternion feedback regulator for large angle maneuvers of underactuated spacecraft (2010)

A quaternion feedback regulator is developed to yield three-axis rate stabilization of an underactuated rigid spacecraft's attitude with two body-fixed control torques and arbitrary inertia matrix. Stable control is achieved by properly combining a generalized inverse component for feedback linearization and an auxiliary input to stabilize the underactuated system. The proposed control yields local stability within a domain of attraction through perturbed feedback linearization. The generalized inverse is damped near a bound on an inherent singularity to provide piecewise-smooth control. Numerical simulation results for a detumbling to a desired orientation maneuver are presented for an asymmetric spacecraft with two bounded body-fixed control torques to demonstrate the capability of the proposed attitude control method. Although this control method is not intended to provide attitude maintenance for attitude tracking or in the presence of relatively large disturbance torques, it may prove widely applicable for detumbling and reorientation maneuvers of spacecraft with only two available control torques.
Modeling and Simulation the Influence of Passengers Distribution in the Bus on Boarding Time (2020)

Scholars from various countries have done a lot of research on predicting the dwell time of buses at stations, however, the passenger boarding time is hard to accurately predicted. Through field investigation, we found that passenger boarding time is not only influenced by external facilities, but also closely related to the number and distribution of passengers on the bus. Therefore, this article analyzes the passenger distribution law in the bus, and finds out the impact of passenger distribution in different areas of the bus on passenger boarding time through theoretical analysis. Secondly, we establish a cellular automata evolution model, which selects attraction and competitiveness as the driving force of passengers based on their motion characteristics. The simulation results prove that the model can exhibit the actual passenger distribution and movement preferences in the bus, and actually predict the boarding time of passengers in different scenarios.
Nicotine Affects Murine Aortic Stiffness and Fatigue Response During Supraphysiological Cycling (2021)

Nicotine exposure is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Although the deleterious effects of nicotine on aortic remodeling processes have been studied to some extent, the biophysical consequences are not fully elucidated. In this investigation, we applied quasi-static and dynamic loading to quantify ways in which exposure to nicotine affects the mechanical behavior of murine arterial tissue. Segments of thoracic aortas from C57BL/6 mice exposed to 25 mg/kg/day of subcutaneous nicotine for 28 days were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading in an open-circumferential configuration. Comparing aorta segments from nicotine-treated mice relative to an equal number of control counterparts, stiffness in the circumferential direction was nearly twofold higher (377 kPa ± 165 kPa versus 191 kPa ± 65 kPa, n = 5, p = 0.03) at 50% strain. Using a degradative power-law fit to fatigue data at supraphysiological loading, we observed that nicotine-treated aortas exhibited significantly higher peak stress, greater loss of tension, and wider oscillation band than control aortas (p ≤ 0.01 for all three variables). Compared to simple stress relaxation tests, fatigue cycling is shown to be more sensitive and versatile in discerning nicotine-induced changes in mechanical behavior over many cycles. Supraphysiological fatigue cycling thus may have broader potential to reveal subtle changes in vascular mechanics caused by other exogenous toxins or pathological conditions.
Therapeutic Targeting of CPT-11 Induced Diarrhea: A Case for Prophylaxis (2013)

CPT-11 (irinotecan), a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor is one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer. The main dose limiting toxicities are neutropenia and late onset diarrhea. Though neutropenia is manageable, CPT-11 induced diarrhea is frequently severe, resulting in hospitalizations, dose reductions or omissions leading to ineffective treatment administration. Many potential agents have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies to prevent or ameliorate CPT-11 induced late onset diarrhea. It is predicted that prophylaxis of CPT-11 induced diarrhea will reduce sub-therapeutic dosing as well as hospitalizations and will eventually lead to dose escalations resulting in better response rates. This article reviews various experimental agents and strategies employed to prevent this debilitating toxicity. Covered topics include schedule/dose modification, intestinal alkalization, structural/chemical modification, genetic testing, anti-diarrheal therapies, transporter (ABCB1, ABCC2, BCRP2) inhibitors, enzyme (β-glucuronidase, UGT1A1, CYP3A4, carboxylesterase, COX-2) inducers and inhibitors, probiotics, antibiotics, adsorbing agents, cytokine and growth factor activators and inhibitors and other miscellaneous agents.
Burn-up determination and accident testing of HTR-PM fuel elements irradiated in the HFR Petten (2019)

The current paper reports the results of gamma spectroscopic burn-up determination and KüFA safety testing at JRC Karlsruhe on spherical high-temperature reactor fuel elements, which were fabricated by the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology of the Tsinghua University, Beijing. The fuel elements were irradiated in the High Flux Reactor, Petten, in the frame of the HFR-EU1 and HTR-PM campaigns and transported to JRC Karlsruhe for post-irradiation examination and accident testing in the KüFA device in the frame of a bilateral safety research study. Burn-up determination was performed on seven fuel elements based on the quantitative measurement of their Cs-137 inventories using an established gamma spectroscopy set-up in the JRC hot cell facilities. Accident testing was conducted on three HTR-PM fuel elements in several phases at simulated accident temperatures between 1620 °C and 1770 °C for 150 h to simulate hypothetical depressurization and loss-of-forced circulation accidents. The release of Kr-85 was measured during the tests in a cold trap and solid fission product release was determined by gamma spectroscopic analyses of exchangeable cold plates in a low background environment. After successful completion of the KüFA tests the fuel elements are currently undergoing further post-irradiation examinations including profile disintegration as well as ceramography and scanning electron microscopy of individual coated particles.
A PKC-SHP1 signaling axis desensitizes Fcγ receptor signaling by reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and regulates FcγR mediated phagocytosis (2014)

Fcγ receptors mediate important biological signals in myeloid cells including the ingestion of microorganisms through a process of phagocytosis. It is well-known that Fcγ receptor (FcγR) crosslinking induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL which is associated with FcγR mediated phagocytosis, however how signaling molecules coordinate to desensitize these receptors is unclear. An investigation of the mechanisms involved in receptor desensitization will provide new insight into potential mechanisms by which signaling molecules may downregulate tyrosine phosphorylation dependent signaling events to terminate important signaling processes. Using the U937IF cell line, we observed that FcγR1 crosslinking induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, which is maximal at 5 min. followed by a kinetic pattern of dephosphorylation. An investigation of the mechanisms involved in receptor desensitization revealed that pretreatment of U937IF or J774 cells with PMA followed by Fcγ receptor crosslinking results in the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and the abrogation of downstream signals, such as CBL-CRKL binding, Rac-GTP activation and the phagocytic response. Pretreatment of J774 cells with GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor was observed to block dephosphorylation of CBL and rescued the phagocytic response. We demonstrate that the PKC induced desensitization of FcγR/ phagocytosis is associated with the inactivation of Rac-GTP, which is deactivated in a hematopoietic specific phosphatase SHP1 dependent manner following ITAM stimulation. The effect of PKC on FcγR signaling is augmented by the transfection of catalytically active SHP1 and not by the transfection of catalytic dead SHP1 (C124S). Our results suggest a functional model by which PKC interacts with SHP1 to affect the phosphorylation state of CBL, the activation state of Rac and the negative regulation of ITAM signaling i.e. Fcγ receptor mediated phagocytosis. These findings suggest a mechanism for Fcγ receptor desensitization by which a serine-threonine kinase e.g. PKC downregulates tyrosine phosphorylation dependent signaling events via the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the complex adapter protein, CBL.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and its Applications in Composites and Field Emission Light (2007)

Two processes, the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process and the rapid heating and cooling (RHC) process, were adopted for synthesizing single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Batch production of SWNTs and MWNTs with the diameters of 0.8~1.5 nm and 15~40 nm, respectively, were prepared using the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) process. The production rate is 70±20 mg every 10 minutes. The as-synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used for fabricating carbon nanotubes reinforced composites and field emitter for lighting. On the study of nano-composites, around 70% enhancement of tensile strength was detected when 1.5 wt% MWNTs in the form of network structure were introduced to the phenolic matrix. Comparisons on the mechanical properties of the composites reinforced with the network MWNTs and SWNTs were made. Microstructures of the MWNTs and SWNTs were studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). In the RHC process for fabricating the device for lighting, the carbon nanotube array was grown on a silicon substrate which was pre-coated with a catalyst thin film. The synthesis process was performed in a thermal CVD chamber equipped with a rapid heating apparatus. The as-synthesized CNT array was then transferred onto the substrate which was coated with silver paste. After heat treatment, field emission properties of the CNT-based cathode were tested, high current density of 35 mA/cm2 and low turn-on voltage of 0.65 V/μm were achieved in this work.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROLYSIS AND RADIOLYSIS OF HEXACHLOROOSMATE(IV)‐191OS (1977)

Abstract Der Zerfall von 1910s zu mmlr kann zur Konstruktion eines Generators für ein ultrakurzlebiges Radionuclid ausgenutzt werden.
Catalog of chromosome aberrations in cancer (1985)

Chromosome 1-22 Chromosome X Chromosome Y Homogeneously Staining Regions (HSR) Ring Chromosomes (R) Double Minute Chromosomes (DMIN).
Ligand-Field Dependence of the Excited State Dynamics of Hangman Bisporphyrin Dyad Complexes (2007)

A new Hangman porphyrin architecture has been developed to interrogate the ligand-field dependence of photoinduced PCET versus excitation energy transfer and intersystem crossing in PZn(II)-PFe(III)-OH dyads (P = porphyrin). In this design, a hanging carboxylic acid group establishes a hydrogen-bonding network to anchor the weak-field OH- ligand in the distal site of the PFe(III)-OH acceptor, whereas the proximal site is left available to accept strong-field imidazole ligands. Thus, controlling the tertiary coordination environment gives access to the first synthetic example of a porphyrin dyad with a biologically relevant weak-field/strong-field configuration of axial ligands at the heme. Transient absorption spectroscopy has been employed to probe the fate of the initial PZn(II)-based S1 excited state, revealing rapid S1 quenching for all dyads in the presence and absence of strong-field imidazole ligands (tau = 6-50 ps). The absence of a (P*+)Zn(II) signal that would complement photoinduced PCET at the PFe(III)-OH subunit (i.e., PFe(III)-OH --> PFe(II)-OH2) shows that excitation energy transfer and intersystem crossing channels dominate the quenching, regardless of whether proximal strong field ligands are present. Moreover, this photophysical assignment is independent of the solvent dielectric constant and whether a phenylene or biphenylene spacer is used to span the two porphyrin subunits. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the structural reorganization attendant to reductive PCET at the high-spin Fe(III)-OH center imposes a severe kinetic cost that can only be alleviated by inducing a low-spin electronic configuration with two strong-field axial ligands.
Clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade-based therapy in a cohort of patients with angiosarcoma treated at a single center (2022)

ICB-based therapy benefits only a subset of angiosarcoma patients. Patients with CHN angiosarcoma are more likely to have PFS ≥16 weeks, a dominant UV mutational signature, and higher TMB than angiosarcomas arising from other primary sites. However, clinical benefit was seen in other angiosarcomas also and was not restricted to tumors with a high TMB, a dominant UV signature, PD-L1 expression, or presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes at baseline.
INFLUENCE OF ENDOTOXIN ON GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION ACROSS MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY BARRIERS IN MICE (1987)

Much clinical and experimental data suggest that infection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are intimately associated, and that bacterial endotoxin (ET), a potent immunostimulant, influences the severity of GVHD. We have used a cell-wall-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli (E coli J5) to study the effect of active and passive immunization against ET in a murine model of GVHD induced by major histocompatibility antigens. CBA/Ca (H-2k) mice were irradiated and grafted with 1 X 10(7) bone marrow cells from C57BL/B6 (H-2b) donors. Groups of mice were immunized against J5: either actively immunized with killed J5 cells or pure J5 lipopolysaccharide, or passively immunized with rabbit anti-J5 antiserum (R alpha J5). Controls included irradiation controls, negative controls (syngeneic graft), positive controls (conventional mice receiving allogeneic graft), mice immunized with normal rabbit serum, Freund's adjuvant (FA), or human serum albumin (HSA) in FA. Active immunization with J5 exacerbated the effects of GVHD as indicated by increased weight loss (P = 0.002) and earlier death (P = 0.043). In contrast, immunization with HSA protected against weight loss (P = 0.028), and improved survival (P = 0.008). Passive immunization with J5 had no effect. These observations support the hypothesis that ET influences the pathogenesis of GVHD, and provide a useful model for studying the effects of ET in a well-defined immunological system.
Multifractal wave functions on a Fibonacci lattice (1989)

Wave functions on a Fibonacci lattice are analyzed from the multifractal point of view. An entropy function [f(\ensuremath{\alpha})] which represents the distribution of a particle probability density is obtained exactly for the state at the center of the spectrum. Numerical calculations for other states are also presented. A finite-size scaling analysis shows that the ordered critical wave functions are multifractals.
Cyber Crossroads: A Global Research Collaborative on Cyber Risk\n Governance (2021)

Spending on cybersecurity products and services is expected to top 123\nbillion U.S. dollars for 2020, more than double the 55 billion U.S. dollars\nspent in 2011.1 In that same period, cyber breaches quadrupled. Organizations\nglobally face increasing liabilities, while boards of directors grapple with a\nseemingly Sisyphean challenge. Cyber Crossroads was born out of these alarming\ntrends and a realization that the world cannot go on funneling finite resources\ninto an indefinite, intractable problem. Cyber Crossroads brings together\nexpertise from across the world, spanning aspects of the cyber problem\n(including technology, legal, risk, and economic) with the goal of creating a\nCyber Standard of Care built through a global, not-for-profit research\ncollaborative with no commercial interests. A Cyber Standard of Care should be\napplicable across industries and regardless of the organization size. It should\nbe practical and implementable, with no requirement to purchase any\nproduct/service. Cyber Standard of Care should be woven into the existing\ngovernance fabric of the organization and it should not be yet another\ntechnical checklist, but a process/governance framework that can stand over\ntime. To achieve this, we engaged with cyber risk experts and practitioners\nwith a variety of relevant expertise, secured the advice/guidance of regulators\nand legal experts across jurisdictions, and interviewed leaders from 56\norganizations globally to understand their challenges and identify best\npractices.\n
Abstract 396: Protective Effects of Exercise on Vascular Function are Mediated by NADPH Oxidase 4 (2019)

Objective: Physical activity is one of the most potent strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates vaso-protective properties of H 2 O 2 produced by main endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) in the vasculature. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nox4 connects physical activity with vaso-protective effects. Approach and Results: Analysis of endothelial function by Mulvany myograph showed endothelial dysfunction in wild-type as well as in Nox4 -/- mice after 20 weeks on high-fat diet. Access to voluntary running wheels during high-fat diet prevented endothelial dysfunction in wild-type but not in Nox4 -/- mice. Mechanistically, exercise led to increased H 2 O 2 release in the aorta of wild-type mice with increased phosphorylation of eNOS pathway member AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1), subsequently. Both effects were diminished in aortas of Nox4 -/- mice. Deletion of Nox4 also led to decreased capacity for intracellular calcium release and reduced phenylephrine-mediated contraction, whereas potassium-induced contraction was unaffected. H 2 O 2 scavenger catalase reduced phenylephrine-contraction in wild-type mice. Supplementation of H 2 O 2 increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in Nox4 -/- mice. Exercise induced key regulator of mitochondria biogenesis peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a) in wild-type but not Nox4 -/- mice. Furthermore, exercise induced citrate synthase activity and reduced mitochondria mass in the absence of Nox4. Thus, Nox4 -/- mice became less active and ran less compared with wild-type mice. Conclusions: Nox4 derived H 2 O 2 plays a key role in exercise-induced adaptations of eNOS and Ppargc1a pathway and intracellular calcium release. Hence, loss of Nox4 diminished physical activity performance and vascular protective effects of exercise.
Precise detection of short-circuit defects on TFT substrate by infrared image matching (1999)

A technique is developed which detects short circuits in the TFT substrate for liquid-crystal displays by matching of radiated infrared images. The technique is based on heating of the short-circuit point by the leak current. In this study, the position of the heating on the substrate is identified with high precision by the proposed method, which specifies the line pattern in the infrared image containing the short circuit, and can determine the short-circuit position relative to the line pattern. The following two elements are included in the system: (1) a radiated infrared image detection system, synchronized to the impressed voltage, in order to manifest a small heated point; (2) a high-precision positioning system for the line pattern, based on subpixel template matching which extracts the template for each TFT substrate to be tested. The systems are evaluated by experiments, and it is verified that a detection accuracy of ± 5 μm is obtained for the short-circuit position relative to the line pattern. The accuracy is sufficient to discriminate malfunctioning TFTs, which helps to remedy unsatisfactory TFT substrates. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(12): 72–84, 1999