gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of spermatogonia (2008)

The progression of spermatogenesis relies on the precise regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation. Many genes/proteins have been identified with specific expression profiles in individual spermatogonial cell types but the molecular mechanism of their regulation is still obscure. In this review, an overview of current knowledge on the various factors essential for these two major steps of spermatogonial development is presented. Elucidating the function of these factors was typically made possible through either naturally occurring mutant mice or genetically modified mice, in which a specific and clearly defined spermatogonial arrest is seen. In addition, a few factors, which are potentially important but less clearly defined, are also included. Moreover, the relevance and postulated interactions between these factors is discussed.
Occurrence of Infusion-Related Reactions due to Obinutuzumab Therapy for Follicular Lymphoma. (2021)

Most IRRs due to obinutuzumab occurred within 90 min of the first dosage. They were mostly Grade 2 or lower, and the frequency of serious IRRs was low. Thus, careful observation of symptoms during treatment with obinutuzumab is necessary.
Waveguiding in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystal plates (2007)

We investigate the possibility of designing phononic crystal-based devices for telecommunication applications using materials commonly employed in microfabrication. We focus our attention on a phononic crystal made of a square array of cylindrical holes drilled in an active piezoelectric PZT5A matrix. Two different structures are considered, namely, a freestanding phononic crystal plate and a plate deposited on a silicon substrate. The geometrical characteristics of the phononic crystal plates (lattice parameter and thickness) were chosen to ensure the existence of an absolute band gap around 1.5GHz; a common frequency in radio frequency telecommunications. Computations of the dispersion curves of these active structures were conducted with the help of the finite element method. We demonstrate the existence of absolute band gaps in the band structure of the phononic crystal plates and, then, the possibility of guided modes inside a linear defect created by removing one row of air holes in the phononic crystal. In the case of the supported phononic crystal plates, we show the existence of an absolute forbidden band in the plate modes when the thickness of the substrate significantly exceeds the plate thickness. We discuss the conditions to realize waveguiding through a linear defect inside the supported plate. The present work provides evidences that phononic crystal properties can be integrated with existing silicon based microdevice technology.
Correlates of Adherence to Varenicline Among HIV+ Smokers (2015)

Further exploration of the role of a modifiable correlates of adherence, such as adherence-related information, motivation and self-efficacy is warranted. Interventions are needed that can address disparities in these and other psychosocial factors that may mediate poor medication adherence.
Photoluminescence Dynamics of Aryl sp3 Defect States in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

Photoluminescent defect states introduced by sp(3) functionalization of semiconducting carbon nanotubes are rapidly emerging as important routes for boosting emission quantum yields and introducing new functionality. Knowledge of the relaxation dynamics of these states is required for understanding how functionalizing agents (molecular dopants) may be designed to access specific behaviors. We measure photoluminescence (PL) decay dynamics of sp(3) defect states introduced by aryl functionalization of the carbon nanotube surface. Results are given for five different nanotube chiralities, each doped with a range of aryl functionality. We find that the PL decays of these sp(3) defect states are biexponential, with both components relaxing on time scales of ∼100 ps. Exciton trapping at defects is found to increases PL lifetimes by a factor of 5-10, in comparison to those for the free exciton. A significant chirality dependence is observed in the decay times, ranging from 77 ps for (7,5) nanotubes to >600 ps for (5,4) structures. The strong correlation of time constants with emission energy indicates relaxation occurs via multiphonon decay processes, with close agreement to theoretical expectations. Variation of the aryl dopant further modulates decay times by 10-15%. The aryl defects also affect PL lifetimes of the free E11 exciton. Shortening of the E11 bright state lifetime as defect density increases provides further confirmation that defects act as exciton traps. A similar shortening of the E11 dark exciton lifetime is found as defect density increases, providing strong experimental evidence that dark excitons are also trapped at such defect sites.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of ZrO2 Coatings on Micro End Mills (2013)

The objective of this paper is to develop a coating method for placing ultra-thin zirconia films, fabricated using sol-gel methods, onto micro end mills for purposes of improving performance with respect to tool wear and cutting forces. Sol-gel synthesis is investigated because of its potential as a low energy and inexpensive method for depositing a variety of wear resistant and chemically stable oxide coatings that could potentially reduce forces and extend tool life. Two sol-gel based deposition methods are investigated: dip-coating and electrophoresis. The coatings are deposited on 300-?m-diameter micro end mills, sintered, and tested while cutting 6061-T6 aluminum. Initial results suggest that sol-gel coating methods can produce the required coverage and conformity in the cutting zone. However, preliminary findings show that the coating is removed in the cutting zone after a short time of machining (6 sec). The tool pre-treatment and extent of sintering, which affect surface adhesion require further study and optimization.
An annotation language for optimizing software libraries (1999)

This paper introduces an annotation language and a compiler that together can customize a library implementation for specific application needs. Our approach is distinguished by its ability to exploit high level, domain-specific information in the customization process. In particular, the annotations provide semantic information that enables our compiler to analyze and optimize library operations as if they were primitives of a domain-specific language. Thus, our approach yields many of the performance benefits of domain-specific languages, without the effort of developing a new compiler for each domain. This paper presents the annotation language, describes its role in optimization, and illustrates the benefits of the overall approach. Using a partially implemented compiler, we show how our system can significantly improve the performance of two applications written using the PLAPACK parallel linear algebra library.
Computational Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Objects in Integral Imaging using Lenslet Array (2005)

In this paper, a new computational reconstruction technique for three-dimensional (3-D) objects in integral imaging using a lenslet array is proposed and its usefulness is discussed. Experimental results show that this technique improves the visual quality of a 3-D reconstructed image when compared with that of the conventional technique.
Density-functional tight-binding for phosphine-stabilized nanoscale gold clusters (2020)

We report a parameterization of the second-order density-functional tight-binding (DFTB2) method for the quantum chemical simulation of phosphine-ligated nanoscale gold clusters, metalloids, and gold surfaces. Our parameterization extends the previously released DFTB2 "auorg" parameter set by connecting it to the electronic parameter of phosphorus in the "mio" parameter set. Although this connection could technically simply be accomplished by creating only the required additional Au-P repulsive potential, we found that the Au 6p and P 3d virtual atomic orbital energy levels exert a strong influence on the overall performance of the combined parameter set. Our optimized parameters are validated against density functional theory (DFT) geometries, ligand binding and cluster isomerization energies, ligand dissociation potential energy curves, and molecular orbital energies for relevant phosphine-ligated Au <sub><i>n</i></sub> clusters (<i>n</i> = 2-70), as well as selected experimental X-ray structures from the Cambridge Structural Database. In addition, we validate DFTB simulated far-IR spectra for several phosphine- and thiolate-ligated gold clusters against experimental and DFT spectra. The transferability of the parameter set is evaluated using DFT and DFTB potential energy surfaces resulting from the chemisorption of a PH<sub>3</sub> molecule on the gold (111) surface. To demonstrate the potential of the DFTB method for quantum chemical simulations of metalloid gold clusters that are challenging for traditional DFT calculations, we report the predicted molecular geometry, electronic structure, ligand binding energy, and IR spectrum of Au<sub>108</sub>S<sub>24</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>16</sub>.
Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development (2005)

It is generally anticipated that pharmacogenomic information will have a large impact on drug development and will facilitate individualized drug treatment. However, there has been relatively little quantitative modeling to assess how pharmacogenomic information could be best utilized in clinical practice. Using a quantitative model, this review demonstrates that efficacy is increased and toxicity is reduced when a genetically-guided dose adjustment strategy is utilized in a clinical trial. However, there is limited information available regarding the genetic variables affecting the disposition or mechanism of action of most commonly used medications. These genetic factors must be identified to enable pharmacogenomic testing to be routinely used in the clinic. A recently described murine haplotype-based computational genetic analysis method provides one strategy for identifying genetic factors regulating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of commonly used medications.
Visual odometry using RGB-D camera on ceiling vision (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for odometry computation based on ceiling vision. The main contribution in this algorithm is the introduction of principal direction detection that can greatly reduce error accumulation problem present in most visual odometry estimation approaches. The principal direction is defined based on the fact that our ceiling is filled with artificial vertical and horizontal lines and these lines can be used as reference for the current robot's heading direction. The proposed approach can be operated in realtime and it performs well even with camera's disturbance. A moving low-cost RGB-D camera (Kinect), mounted on a robot, is used to continuously acquire point clouds. Iterative Closest Point (ICP) is the common way to estimate current camera position by calculating the translation and rotation to the previous frame. However, its performance suffers from data association problem or it requires pre-alignment information. Unlike ICP, the performance of the proposed approach does not rely on data association knowledge. Using this method, two point clouds are pre-aligned. Hence, we can use ICP to fine-tune the transformation parameters and to minimize registration error. Experimental results demonstrate the performance and stability of the proposed system under disturbance in real-time.
A Bayes optimal matrix-variate LDA for extraction of spatio-spectral features from EEG signals (2012)

Classification of mental states from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is used for many applications in areas such as brain-computer interfacing (BCI). When represented in the frequency domain, the multichannel EEG signal can be considered as a two-directional spatio-spectral data of high dimensionality. Extraction of salient features using feature extractors such as the commonly used linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is an essential step for the classification of these signals. However, multichannel EEG is naturally in matrix-variate format, while LDA and other traditional feature extractors are designed for vector-variate input. Consequently, these methods require a prior vectorization of the EEG signals, which ignores the inherent matrix-variate structure in the data and leads to high computational complexity. A matrix-variate formulation of LDA have previously been proposed. However, this heuristic formulation does not provide the Bayes optimality benefits of LDA. The current paper proposes a Bayes optimal matrix-variate formulation of LDA based on a matrix-variate model for the spatio-spectral EEG patterns. The proposed formulation also provides a strategy to select the most significant features among the different rows and columns.
Končar - Solar Cells Ltd. - Split (2000)

Prikazani su najznacajniji rezultati u proizvodnji solarnih fotonaponskih modula i njihovom razvoju i plasmanu na svjetsko tržiste u prvoj hrvatskoj tvornici ovakove vrste pocam od 1989. god. do danas.
Synergistic catalysis by catalysis derived from Fe3 –xRux(CO)12(x= 0,1,2,3) supported on γ-Al2O3 (1985)

The catalysts derived from Fe3 –xRux(CO)12(x= 0,1,2,3) supported on γ-Al2O3 functional as active catalysis for CO hydrogenation, C2H4 self-homologation, and C2H6 hydrogenolysis, synergistic effects being observed particularly in the last two reactions.
OP39.11: The significance of prenatal detection of fetal growth restriction by the assessment of fetal limb‐volume using XI VOCAL™ three‐dimensional ultrasound volumetry (2010)

Intrauterine fetal growth restriction (FGR) of several fetal organs can early indicate the severity of intrauterine malnutrition. By sonographic (US) assessment of these fetal organ-volumes three-dimensional (3D) US volumetry may earlier and more accurately predict the severity of the FGR as compared with the use of conventional two-dimensional (2D) US fetal biometry. The authors reported on a prospective, observational study in singleton pregnancies between 30 and 36 gestational weeks at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Pécs, Hungary. In total, 15 fetuses with FGR and 15 fetuses without FGR, as a control group, were included for volume-assessment of the fetal upper arm and thigh by XI VOCAL™ (eXtended Imaging Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis™) 3D-US volumetry and fetal biometry by 2D-US. All fetuses were followed until delivery to determine or rule out FGR. Our results revealed that fetal limb-volume assessment by 3D-US volumetry can differentiate fetuses with FGR from fetuses without it. The assessment of the fetal upper arm and thigh volumes by 3D-US volumetry showed significantly stronger difference between fetuses with FGR and without that, compared to the 2D-US fetal biometry. Previous publications proved that 3D-US volumetry of fetal humerus and femur correlated well with the FGR. The assessment of the fetal limbs using XI VOCAL™ 3D-US volumetry were more sensitive for FGR, because the subcutaneous adipose tissue volume correlated more accurately with the malnutrition of the fetus. By the 3D-US assessment of fetal limb-volumes we may suggest, that these 3D measurements can be a useful adjunct in detecting fetuses at risk for FGR and help the obstetrician to decide the optimal time of intervention and delivery for fetal interest.
Switchable multicoil array for MR micro‐imaging of breast lesions (1999)

High-resolution breast imaging may improve differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and may be important for refining treatment strategy. This article presents a new, flexible design of a breast-imaging coil capable of providing breast images of a high level of spatial resolution. Referred to as a switchable coil array, the design uses small-diameter surface coils that provide high sensitivity of detection, which, combined with a relatively small field of view, affords a high degree of spatial resolution (up to 200 μm). Remote selection of the coil pair closest to the position of the lesion in the breast permits coverage of the whole breast without changing the position of the coils or the patient. High-resolution MR images of phantom and volunteer patients with benign and malignant breast lesions are presented. Magn Reson Med 41:569–574, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression of the TNF-family cytokine TL1A (TNFSF15) by renal CX3CR1+ resident mononuclear phagocytic cells and role of TL1A in autoimmune nephritis (2017)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is a polygenic autoimmune disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including organ-threatening kidney inflammation associated with immune complex (IC) deposition. The kidney is populated by a rich network of tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes that express Fc receptors (FcRs) and internalize ICs. TL1A (TNFSF15) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily cytokine that can be induced in myeloid cells following ligation of TLR’s and FcRs by IgG IC’s and co-stimulates T cells through its receptor DR3. We have found that DR3 deficiency protects MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice from the renal inflammation but not systemic autoimmunity that develops in these mice, suggesting that TL1A/DR3 interactions could play a role in activating autoimmune T cells and antigen presentation in the kidney. We identified four distinct populations of renal phagocytes based on the expression of F4/80 and CD11b. One population of cells constitutively expressed high levels of surface class II and the CD28 ligand B7-2(CD86), suggesting that they would be potent antigen presenting cells. A fifth population expressing similar markers was present only in inflamed kidneys, both in the MRL/lpr mouse model of lupus and nephrotoxic serum-induced nephritis. Both of these populations constitutively expressed surface TL1A. The new population increases with the severity of nephritis and is unequally distributed between the cortex and the medulla. We will further analyze these populations via transcriptomics and functional assays after immune complex stimulation. This work identifies CX3CR1+ MNP’s as possible antigen-presenting cells in the kidney and a source of TL1A for costimulation of autoreactive T cells in nephritis.
A common mitochondrial polymorphism 10398A>G is associated metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population (2010)

We conducted a two-step case-control study to investigate the association between mtDNA variants and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese. We initially screened 79 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) in 141 cases and 506 controls, and five mtSNPs had a p<0.05. We replicated results for the most significant mtSNP 10398A>G in additional 396 case and 424 controls (p=0.047, OR=1.26). The G allele frequency in the screening and follow up data was 66% and 55.2% in the cases, and 52.3% and 50.2% in the controls, respectively. Our results suggest the G allele of 10398A>G increases a risk for MS.
Decision tree-based detection of denial of service and command injection attacks on robotic vehicles (2015)

Mobile cyber-physical systems, such as automobiles, drones and robotic vehicles, are gradually becoming attractive targets for cyber attacks. This is a challenge because intrusion detection systems built for conventional computer systems tend to be unsuitable. They can be too demanding for resource-restricted cyber-physical systems or too inaccurate due to the lack of real-world data on actual attack behaviours. Here, we focus on the security of a small remote-controlled robotic vehicle. Having observed that certain types of cyber attacks against it exhibit physical impact, we have developed an intrusion detection system that takes into account not only cyber input features, such as network traffic and disk data, but also physical input features, such as speed, physical jittering and power consumption. As the system is resource-restricted, we have opted for a decision tree-based approach for generating simple detection rules, which we evaluate against denial of service and command injection attacks. We observe that the addition of physical input features can markedly reduce the false positive rate and increase the overall accuracy of the detection.
Non-orthogonal STBC for four transmit antennas with high coding gain and low decoding complexity (2011)

Multiple antenna based technology enhances performance of communication system by increasing capacity and reliable detection of the transmitted data. Space-time block codes (STBCs) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are designed to achieve full diversity when transmitter does not have channel state information. Orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) provide symbol-wise decoding, while quasi orthogonal STBCs are used to achieve high data rates with pair-wise decoding complexity. However, most of the existing OSTBCs and QOSTBCs utilize repeated transmission of symbols which reduces capacity of the wireless communication system. In this paper, we propose a non-orthogonal STBC for four transmit antennas that avoids repeated transmission of symbols. The proposed code transmits optimally mapped symbols in place of repeated transmissions of a symbol. The proposed STBC provides improved capacity and significant coding gain as compared to the existing STBCs for four transmit antennas. We also derive a low-complexity decoder of the proposed STBC which performs close to the maximum likelihood decoder.
Brave New World: A Literature Review of Emerging Donors and the Changing Nature of Foreign Assistanc- Working Paper 273 (2011)

In this paper, we look at the scale and scope of emerging donors, many of which are developing economies themselves. On the basis of a survey of the literature, we find that estimates of annual aid flows from new donors (so-called non-DAC donors) vary greatly and are somewhere between $11 billion and $41.7 billion, or 8 and 31 percent of global gross ODA. We find that new donors are not a monolithic group but instead represent three distinct models of aid delivery, which we describe as the DAC Model, the Arab Model and the Southern Model. While we see the need to increase transparency and accountability of aid flows across these delivery models, we do not see a convergence to the DAC model. Rather, emerging donors may follow different paths, in accordance with their own traditions and standards. We argue that encouraging aid transparency, especially reporting data on project-level assistance, must be the core focus of the aid community. To engage the non-DAC donors, the forum for international aid coordination might need to be moved away from the OECD-DAC platform; DAC could instead serve as one donor caucus within a larger international system of aid reporting.
Leisure studies: themes and perspectives (2011)

Leisure studies: themes and perspectives, by Shaun Best, London, Sage Publications, 2010, 321 pp., £24.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-4129-0385-1 In this textbook, Shaun Best offers his critical synthe...
Metallization systems for silicon integrated circuits (1969)

An investigation into single and composite layered metallization systems is described with respect to their limitations, possible failure mechanisms, and problems encountered in fabrication. Systems investigated include metals such as chromium, titanium, tungsten, and molybdenum in conjunction with gold. Comparisons are made to conventional aluminum with respect to ohmic contact to silicon, metallurgical reactions, behavior in adverse environmental conditions, method of deposition, and processing difficulties.
Creeping discharge in air: streamer visualizations and transient current (2017)

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