gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature Extraction and Classification of Clouds in High Resolution Panchromatic Satellite Imagery / - eScholarship (2013)

The development of sophisticated remote sensing sensors is rapidly increasing, and the vast amount of satellite imagery collected is too much to be analyzed manually by a human image analyst. It has become necessary for a tool to be developed to automate the job of an image analyst. This tool would need to intelligently detect and classify objects of interest through computer vision algorithms. Existing software called the Rapid Image Exploitation Resource (RAPIER) was designed by engineers at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC PAC) to perform exactly this function. This software automatically searches for anomalies in the ocean and reports the detections as a possible ship object. However, if the image contains a high percentage of cloud coverage, a high number of false positives are triggered by the clouds. The focus of this thesis is to explore various feature extraction and classification methods to accurately distinguish clouds from ship objects. An examination of a texture analysis method, line detection using the Hough transform, and edge detection using wavelets are explored as possible feature extraction methods. The features are then supplied to a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) or Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Parameter options for these classifiers are explored and the optimal parameters are determined
The Chemistry of α‐Carbonyl Azo Compounds (1966)

Abstract α‐Carbonyl azo compounds such as diesters of azodicarboxylic acids, diacylazo compounds, and esters of arylazocarboxylic acids are highly reactive. They add e.g. to amines, aromatic compounds, olefins, CH acids, Grignard and diazo compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and ketenes. These reactions can be used for the preparation of triazanes, hydrazones, oxa‐diazoline, azomethinimine, and diazetidine derivatives, etc. α,α′‐Dicarbonyl azo compounds are among the strongest dienophiles known.
Algorithmic enhancements and experience with a large scale SQP code for general nonlinear programming problems (1994)

We have developed a large scale sequential quadratic programming (SQP) code based on an interior-point method for solving general (convex or nonconvex) quadratic programs (QP). We often halt this QP solver prematurely by employing a trust-region strategy. This procedure typically reduces the overall cost of the code. In this talk we briefly review the algorithm and some of its theoretical justification and then discuss recent enhancements including automatic procedures for both increasing and decreasing the parameter in the merit function, a regularization procedure for dealing with linearly dependent active constraint gradients, and a method for modifying the linearized equality constraints. Some numerical results on a significant set of {open_quotes}real-world{close_quotes} problems will be presented.
Just Take the Average! An Embarrassingly Simple 2^n-Time Algorithm for SVP (and CVP) (2018)

We show a 2^{n+o(n)}-time (and space) algorithm for the Shortest Vector Problem on lattices (SVP) that works by repeatedly running an embarrassingly simple "pair and average" sieving-like procedure on a list of lattice vectors. This matches the running time (and space) of the current fastest known algorithm, due to Aggarwal, Dadush, Regev, and Stephens-Davidowitz (ADRS, in STOC, 2015), with a far simpler algorithm. Our algorithm is in fact a modification of the ADRS algorithm, with a certain careful rejection sampling step removed. The correctness of our algorithm follows from a more general "meta-theorem," showing that such rejection sampling steps are unnecessary for a certain class of algorithms and use cases. In particular, this also applies to the related 2^{n + o(n)}-time algorithm for the Closest Vector Problem (CVP), due to Aggarwal, Dadush, and Stephens-Davidowitz (ADS, in FOCS, 2015), yielding a similar embarrassingly simple algorithm for gamma-approximate CVP for any gamma = 1+2^{-o(n/log n)}. (We can also remove the rejection sampling procedure from the 2^{n+o(n)}-time ADS algorithm for exact CVP, but the resulting algorithm is still quite complicated.)
<title>Using a digital anatomical phantom to optimize an imaging system</title> (1999)

We seek to optimize a SPECT brain-imaging system for the task of detecting a small tumor located at random in the brain. To do so, we have created a computer model. The model includes three-dimensional, digital brain phantoms which can be quickly modified to simulate multiple patients. The phantoms are then projected geometrically through multiple pinholes. Our figure of merit is the Hotelling trace, a measure of detectability by the ideal linear observer. The Hotelling trace allows us to quantitatively measure a system's ability to perform a specific task. Because the Hotelling trace requires a large number of samples, we reduce the dimensionality of our images using Laguerre-Gauss functions as channels. To illustrate our method, we compare a system built from small high-resolution cameras to one utilizing larger, low-resolution cameras.
Freestream Nuclei and Traveling-Bubble Cavitation (1992)

Traveling-bubble cavitation inception tests were conducted in a 30.48 cm water tunnel with a Schiebe headform. A computer code was developed to statistically model cavitation inception on a Schiebe headform, consisting of a numerical solution to the Rayleigh-Plesset equation coupled to a set of trajectory equations. Using this code, trajectories and growths were computed for bubbles of varying initial sizes. An initial off-body distance was specified and the bubble was free to follow an off-body trajectory. A Monte Carlo cavitation simulation was performed in which a variety of random processes were modeled. Three different nuclei distributions were specified including one similar to that measured in the water tunnel experiment. The results compared favorably to the experiment. Cavitation inception was shown to be sensitive to nuclei distribution. Off-body effect was also found to be a significant factor in determining whether or not a bubble would cavitate. The effect of off-body trajectories on the critical bubble diameter was examined. The traditional definition of critical diameter based on the minimum pressure coefficient of the body or the measurement of liquid tension was found to be inadequate in defining cavitation inception.
PMON181 RGS4 Is Essential For The Sympathetic Regulation of The Short-chain Fatty Acid Receptor FFAR3 In The Heart (2022)

Abstract Background Free fatty acids (FFAs) are essential cell nutrients but also important signaling molecules regulating various cellular processes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), like propionate and butyrate, activate two different types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), FFAR2 and FFAR3. FFAR3 (also known as GPR41) couples to Gi/o proteins lowering cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In addition to adipose tissue, FFAR3 is highly expressed in peripheral sympathetic ganglia augmenting sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow. Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS)-4 belongs to the RGS superfamily of proteins and inactivates (terminates) both Gi/o- and Gq-protein signaling. Cardiac RGS4 has been implicated in atrial fibrillation (AFib) prevention via calcium signaling attenuation. Finally, β-adrenergic receptors (ARs), the major mediators of catecholaminergic and SNS actions in cardiac myocytes, stimulate cAMP synthesis and activate protein kinase A (PKA), which is known to activate RGS4 via phosphorylation. Objective We examined whether RGS4 regulates cardiac FFAR3 signaling. Methods We used H9c2 cardiomyocytes transfected to express the human FFAR3. After treatment with catecholaminergic agonists and/or propionic acid plus various pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA to deplete RGS4, we performed signaling assays (western blotting, cAMP accumulation, GTP binding, ELISA) to delineate the precise involvement of RGS4 in the cardiac βAR-FFAR3 signaling crosstalk. Results RGS4 is essential for the dampening of propionate/FFAR3-dependent signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes since siRNA-mediated RGS4 depletion significantly enhances the effect of propionic acid on cAMP lowering, Gi/o activation, and p38 MAPK activation. Notably, concomitant isoproterenol or salbutamol treatment blocks propionic acid-induced signaling via the FFAR3 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, indicating negative regulation of FFAR3 by catecholamines via the β2AR. Mechanistically, this is mediated by RGS4, since neither isoproterenol, nor salbutamol can inhibit propionate signaling upon siRNA-mediated RGS4 depletion. Finally, β2AR inhibition of FFAR3 signaling via RGS4 is dependent on β2AR-activated PKA, because pre-treatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogates the catecholaminergic inhibition of FFAR3 signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, as measured by cAMP lowering, downstream p38 MAPK activation, and interleukin (IL)-6 production. Conclusion Catecholamine-activated RGS4 abrogates SCFA/FFAR3 signaling and function in cardiac myocytes. This may represent part of the mechanism via which RGS4 protects against both AFib pathogenesis and FFAR3-promoted SNS hyperactivity and inflammation in the myocardium. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Experimental Porcine Infective Endocarditis: Description of a Clinical Model (1986)

We report a reliable means of inducing IE in pigs whose hearts have been previously damaged by mechanical trauma. The method parallels a successful model for IE in rabbh2 The organism used in these studies is a Lancefield group C streptococcus isolated from a spontaneously occumng case of porcine IE. Forty-one 3- to 4-week-old pigs of both sexes were used for these experiments. They were of mixed breed (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc, and Landrace) and were given feed containing no antibiotics (Mini-Pig Diet, Ralston-Purina Corporation, St. Louis, MO). The animals were divided into four groups for the 28-day protocol. On day 1, pigs in group I (1 8 animals), and group I1 (nine animals) underwent placement of a polyethylene catheter (No. 75 19, Clay-Adams, Division of Becton, Dickinson and Company, Parsippany, NJ) in the left ventricle via the right internal carotid artery. Following intramuscular anesthesia with ketamine (Ketaset, Bristol Laboratories, Cyprus, NY), 50 mg/kg, and xylazine (Rompun, Haver-Lockhart, Division of Miles Laboratories, Shawnee, Ks), 5 mg/kg, the artery was exposed using sterile technique. The vessel was ligated distally and the catheter introduced into the carotid lumen through a small incision. Accurate placement in the left ventricular chamber was insured by advancing the catheter over a guide wire until resistance indicated that the apex of the heart had been reached. The wire was then removed and the catheter ligated in place. The catheter lumen was sealed with a heavy ligature and the free end sutured to the skin after wound closure. The animals were given an intravenous injection of lidocaine (Xylocaine, 1 YO solution, Astra Pharmaceuticals, Westboro, MA), 3 mg/ kg, shortly after catheter placement. Animals in group 111 (nine animals) and group IV (five animals) underwent a sham operation on day 1. Following the above anesthesia, the right internal carotid artery was catheterized to a distance of 2 to 3 cm, lidocaine was given, and the catheter was sutured in place as above. On day 4 of the protocol, all animals received an injection challenge following removal of the catheters. The pigs in group I and group I11 received an injection via ear vein of 1 x lo7 colony forming units (cfu) of a suspension of the group C streptococcus in Earle’s balanced salt solution (EBSS) (Grand Island Biological Company, Grand Island, NY). Animals in groups I1 and IV received an injection of EBSS alone. All animals were examined daily. Weight and rectal temperature were recorded, and the animals were auscultated for cardiac murmurs. After 28 days, each animal’s heart was auscultated under the above anesthesia. After blood and urine samples were obtained for laboratory studies (as described below), the animals were euthanized with intravenous pentobarbital (Fort Dodge Laboratories, Fort Dodge, IA), 150 mg/kg. Necropsies were performed and samples of heart, lung, kidneys, spleen, and synovia preserved in formalin
High expression of EZH2 is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (2009)

The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a known repressor of gene transcription, has been reported to be associated with biological malignancy in several cancers. The potential oncogenic role of EZH2 and its clinical/prognostic significance, however, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are unclear. In this study, the methods of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in-situ hybridization were used to examine protein expression and amplification of EZH2 in 98 pretreatment biopsy specimens of ESCC who received definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). High expression of EZH2 and amplification of EZH2 was found in 54.1% and 12.0% of ESCCs, respectively. High EZH2 expression was significantly correlated with increased cell proliferation (p = 0.009), high histopathological grade (p = 0.002), regional (p = 0.025) and distant lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and lack of clinical complete response to CRT (p = 0.028). Univariate analysis revealed that high expression of EZH2 was associated with poor metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.003), poor progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.001) and poor disease-specific survival (DSS) (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, high expression of EZH2, together with lack of clinical complete response, were evaluated as significant independent prognostic factors of MFS, PFS and DSS for patients with ESCC. These findings suggest that high expression of EZH2 correlates with tumor aggressiveness and adverse patient outcome in ESCC treated with definitive CRT. Evaluation of EZH2 expressions might be useful for predicting tumor response to CRT and prognosis for patients with ESCC.
A Chip-Scale Nanophotonic Optical Gyroscope (2019)

This paper presents the first demonstration of a nanophotonic optical gyroscope (NOG) on a silicon-photonic platform. Reciprocal sensitivity enhancement is introduced as an effective method to overcome the limitations of NOGs.
Hydrolats et eaux florales : Vertus et applications (2017)

Les hydrolats et eaux florales sont desormais tres presents dans notre quotidien : bien-etre, cosmetique, cuisine ou encore sante. Alternative sure et moins couteuse aux huiles essentielles, apprenez a les utiliser et a connaitre leurs specificites. A travers 56 fiches illustrees, ce guide offre des informations precises sur chaque hydrolat et eau florale : ¦ leur utilisation pratique, ¦ les donnees techniques et economiques, ¦ les mots de la cosmeticienne, du praticien et du cuisinier, ¦ les recommandations europeennes indispensables. Quelques recettes de cuisine savoureuses sont egalement proposees.
Highlighting the Anti-Synergy between Adsorption and Diffusion in Cation-Exchanged Faujasite Zeolites (2022)

Using configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations of adsorption equilibrium and molecular dynamics simulations of guest diffusivities of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub> in FAU zeolites with varying amounts of extra-framework cations (Na<sup>+</sup> or Li<sup>+</sup>), we demonstrate that adsorption and diffusion do not, in general, proceed hand-in-hand. Stronger adsorption often implies reduced mobility. The anti-synergy between adsorption and diffusion has consequences for the design and development of pressure-swing adsorption and membrane separation technologies for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and N<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> separations.
BAFF Receptor Deficiency Reduces the Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice—Brief Report (2012)

BAFF-R deficiency in mice selectively alters mature B2 cell-dependent cellular and humoral immune responses and limits the development of atherosclerosis.
CURRENT RESEARCH ON FECAL MUTAGENICITY (1988)

Journal Article CURRENT RESEARCH ON FECAL MUTAGENICITY Get access Mark H. Schiffman, Mark H. Schiffman Environmental Epidemiology Branch National Cancer InstituteBethesda MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Van Tassell, Roger Van Tassell Virginia Polytechnic InstituteBlachsburg VA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adam Robinson, Adam Robinson National Naval Medical CenterBethesda MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lee Smith, Lee Smith George Washington University Medical CenterWashington DC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James Daniel James Daniel Walter Reed Army Medical CenterWashington, DC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 127, Issue 2, February 1988, Pages 415–416, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114817 Published: 01 February 1988
Correction: Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Differentially Regulate Doxorubicin Induced Cardiomyopathy in Mice (2012)

Recent evidence indicates that toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 are involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the exact mechanisms of their actions have not been elucidated. We explored the therapeutic potential of blocking TLRs in mice with established cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg). Two weeks later, the mice were treated with TLR2 or TLR4 neutralizing antibody. Blocking TLR2, but not TLR4, activity not only reduced mortality, but also attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction by 20% and inhibited myocardial fibrosis. To determine the differential effects of blocking TLR2 and TLR4 in chronic cardiomyopathy, mice were injected with doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg) once a week for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with TLR2 or TLR4 neutralizing antibody for 40 days. Blocking TLR2 activity blunted cardiac dysfunction by 13% and inhibited cardiac fibrosis, which was associated with a significant suppression of myocardial inflammation. The underlying mechanism involved interrupting the interaction of TLR2 with its endogenous ligands, resulting in attenuation of inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, blocking TLR4 exacerbated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis by amplifying inflammation and suppressing autophagy. Our studies demonstrate that TLR2 and TLR4 play distinct roles in the progression of doxorubicin-induced DCM. TLR4 activity is crucial for the resolution of inflammation and cardiac fibrosis, while blocking TLR2 activity has therapeutic potential for the treatment of DCM.
Hemoperfusion With an Immobilized Polymyxin B Fiber Column Inhibits Activation of Vascular Endothelial Cells (2005)

Involvement of the activation of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells in the pathology of sepsis has recently been reported. We therefore investigated whether direct hemoperfusion (DHP) with a polymyxin B immobilized fiber column (PMX) could reduce the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an index of vascular endothelial cell activation. Twelve sepsis patients satisfying the following criteria were enrolled in the study: (i) stable global oxygen metabolism (oxygen delivery index>500 mL/min/m2 and oxygen consumption index>120 mL/min/m2); (ii) abnormal tissue oxygen metabolism (PCO2 gap: gastric mucosal PCO2 minus arterial PCO2 difference>8 mm Hg); and (iii) mean blood pressure>or=60 mm Hg. Direct hemoperfusion with PMX was performed twice (for 3 h each time) within 24 h. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was measured a total of 5 times: before PMX-DHP, immediately after the first DHP with PMX session (3 h after the start), and 24, 48, and 72 h afterward. The PAI-1 value was 150+/-30.0 ng/mL before DHP with PMX, 178+/-60.0 ng/mL immediately after DHP with PMX, 90+/-22.1 ng/mL at 24 h after, 65+/-21.0 ng/mL at 48 h after, and 64+/-18.3 ng/mL 72 h after. The values were significantly lower from 48 h onward compared with baseline. These data suggest that DHP with PMX inhibits vascular endothelial cell activation.
Cascaded four-wave mixing in silicon-on-sapphire microresonators at λ=4.5 μm (2015)

We report cascaded four-wave mixing in a silicon micro-ring resonator operating at 4.5 µm wavelength. Our results present an important milestone for extending optical frequency combs further into the mid-infrared range.
Intrathoracic spatial location of specified coronary segments on the normal human heart. Applications in quantitative arteriography, assessment of regional risk and contraction, and anatomic display. (1988)

The clinically important coronary segmental anatomy has been described in a format useful for quantitative analysis and standardized display. We have determined the intrathoracic location and course of each of the 23 coronary artery segments and branches commonly used for clinical description of disease. Measurements were averaged from perpendicular angiographic view-pairs in 37 patients with normal-sized hearts. Each segment or branch is described by several points along its course; each point is specified in polar coordinates as the radial distance from the principal coronary ostium and by angles about the patient, corresponding to those describing rotation in c-arm radiographic systems. This computer-assisted measurement method is accurate to within +/- 0.2 cm (SD) and +/- 2 degrees in phantom studies. Coronary segment location among a group of normal-sized hearts can be specified to within +/- 1.0 cm (SD). For example, the left anterior descending coronary artery segment at the apex of the heart is 12.2 +/- 1.0 cm from the left coronary ostium, 32 +/- 4 degrees to the left of the anterioposterior axis, and at 46 +/- 7 degrees of caudal angulation. There are several clinically important applications of this new knowledge. First, this anatomic format provides the basis for estimating regional myocardial contraction and the relative size of the myocardial region at risk from a given arterial occlusion. Second, precise knowledge of "normal" segment location greatly simplifies the computation of dimensional correction factors for quantitative arteriography. Third, viewing angles most appropriate for videodensitometric assessment of lesion lumen area may be computed from these data. The theoretical basis and numerical values needed for most of the above estimates are provided. Finally, a computer program has been written to generate a three-dimensional tree-branch vascular model from these anatomic locations. This easily used interactive program aids in teaching coronary angiographic anatomy and, of importance, permits selection of viewing angles that "best" visualize the traditionally difficult parts of the coronary tree.