gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reorientational Dynamics and Intermolecular Cooperativity in Reactive Polymers. 2. Multifunctional Epoxy−Amine Systems (1997)

An examination was carried out of the reorientational dynamics of dipoles during the network formation in multifunctional epoxy−amine systems. Experimental results were generated by simultaneous dielectric and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The observed changes in reorientational dynamics during the advancement of reactions were utilized to (1) describe the origin of the α relaxation during the network formation, (2) propose a methodology for the evaluation of the kinetics of network formation, and (3) advance an interpretation of network dynamics in terms of intermolecular cooperativity based on the interplay between molecular and dielectric architecture. Fragility or cooperativity plots proved most informative in relating intermolecular cooperativity to the molecular characteristics of the growing network.
ScriptEase II: Platform Independent Story Creation Using High-Level Patterns (2013)

As the video game industry grows, both developers and creative authors seek new ways to simplify the process of controlling story content using scripts. This paper describes a story model and its software implementation, ScriptEase II, designed to solve this game design bottleneck. ScriptEase II is the second generation of the ScriptEase system, whose goal was to enable game authors with no programming ability to generate scripting code from high-level game patterns. ScriptEase II differs from the original in two important ways. First, ScriptEase II uses game-dependent translators to generate scripts for any game engine. Second, ScriptEase II uses a drag-and-drop interface that simplifies the story component creation menus that grew cumbersome in the original ScriptEase. The feasibility of code generation has been validated using three different game engines and the advantages of the simple drag-and-drop interface have been validated by a user study.
The Convergent Synthesis of [1, 3]-Thiazino[2, 3-f]-Theophylline and [1, 3]-Thiazino[3, 2-e] Theophxlline Ring Systems (1988)

Abstract A preparative useful route to ethyl 1,2,3,4-7,8-hexahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6H-[1,3]-thiazino [2,3-f]-purine-8-carboxylate and its [3,2-e] isomer by base-promoted cyclization of corresponding {[2-(p-toluenesulfonyl-oxy)ethyl]theopbyllin-8-yl)thioglycolates is described.
IL-13 Induces Esophageal Remodeling and Gene Expression by an Eosinophil-Independent, IL-13Rα2–Inhibited Pathway (2010)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an emerging disease associated with both food and respiratory allergy characterized by extensive esophageal tissue remodeling and abnormal esophageal gene expression, including increased IL-13. We investigated the ability of increased airway IL-13 to induce EE-like changes. Mice with pulmonary (but not esophageal) overexpression of IL-13 evidenced esophageal IL-13 accumulation and developed prominent esophageal remodeling with epithelial hyperplasia, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and increased circumference. IL-13 induced notable changes in esophageal transcripts that overlapped with the human EE esophageal transcriptome. IL-13-induced esophageal eosinophilia was dependent on eotaxin-1 (but not eotaxin-2). However, remodeling occurred independent of eosinophils as demonstrated by eosinophil lineage-deficient, IL-13 transgenic mice. IL-13-induced remodeling was significantly enhanced by IL-13Ralpha2 deletion, indicating an inhibitory effect of IL-13Ralpha2. In the murine system, there was partial overlap between IL-13-induced genes in the lung and esophagus, yet the transcriptomes were divergent at the tissue level. In human esophagus, IL-13 levels correlated with the magnitude of the EE transcriptome. In conclusion, inducible airway expression of IL-13 results in a pattern of esophageal gene expression and extensive tissue remodeling that resembles human EE. Notably, we identified a pathway that induces EE-like changes and is IL-13-driven, eosinophil-independent, and suppressed by IL-13Ralpha2.
Development of Thalassaemic Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy despite Low Liver Iron Levels and Meticulous Compliance to Desferrioxamine (2006)

It is believed that myocardial iron deposition and the resultant cardiomyopathy only occur in the presence of severe liver iron overload. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance, it is now possible to assess myocardial and liver iron levels as well as cardiac function in the same scan, allowing this supposition to be examined. We describe a patient with progressive myocardial iron deposition and the development of early iron overload cardiomyopathy despite excellent compliance to standard subcutaneous desferrioxamine, minimal liver iron and well-controlled serum ferritin levels. These indirect markers remained far below the thresholds conventionally believed to be associated with increased cardiac risk.
Stereospecific and anionic ring‐opening polymerization (1991)

Abstract The polymerization features of the polymerization of heterocyclic monomers using anionic or coordinated anionic type initiators are examined. The chemical and configurational structure of initiating species depends on the regiospecificity of the ring‐opening reaction. Propagating rate constants, solvation and macrocyclisation phenomena are discussed. The structure and the chemical composition of stereospecific initiators are described. Different types of mechanisms (enantiomorphic sites and end‐chain) are illustrated. The dependence of selectivity on different parameters is discussed. Various aspects of chiral catalysis leading to stereoelective and enantiogenic processes are presented. Some examples of recent trends in anionic and stereospecific ring‐opening polymerization are given.
Preparation and Ballistic Performance of a Multi-Layer Armor System Composed of Kevlar/Polyurea Composites and Shear Thickening Fluid (STF)-Filled Paper Honeycomb Panels (2021)

In this study, the ballistic performance of armors composed of a polyurea elastomer/Kevlar fabric composite and a shear thickening fluid (STF) structure was investigated. The polyurea used was a reaction product of aromatic diphenylmethane isocyanate (A agent) and amine-terminated polyether resin (B agent). The A and B agents were diluted, mixed and brushed onto Kevlar fabric. After the reaction of A and B agents was complete, the polyurea/Kevlar composite was formed. STF structure was prepared through pouring the STF into a honeycomb paper panel. The ballistic tests were conducted with reference to NIJ 0101.06 Ballistic Test Specification Class II and Class IIIA, using 9 mm FMJ and 44 magnum bullets. The ballistic test results reveal that polyurea/Kevlar fabric composites offer better impact resistance than conventional Kevlar fabrics and a 2 mm STF structure could replace approximately 10 layers of Kevlar in a ballistic resistant layer. Our results also showed that a high-strength composite laminate using the best polyurea/Kevlar plates combined with the STF structure was more than 17% lighter and thinner than the conventional Kevlar laminate, indicating that the high-strength protective material developed in this study is superior to the traditional protective materials.
Observation of weak antilocalization effect in high-quality ScNiBi single crystal (2017)

In this paper, we have successfully grown the high-quality ScNiBi single crystals by a Bi flux method and investigated their electronic-transport properties. It was found that the ScNiBi single crystal is a gapless semiconductor with positive linear magnetoresistance (MR). Moreover, the field-dependent MR in the low-field region has demonstrated obvious weak antilocalization (WAL) effect below 50 K. The extremely large prefactor α and angle-dependent magnetoconductance ΔGxx suggest that the WAL effect originates from the contribution of a strong bulk spin-orbital coupling.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Variants in <i>WFS1</i> and Other Mendelian Deafness Genes Are Associated with Cisplatin-Associated Ototoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Robustness of the enrichment of top GWAS SNPs in Mendelian deafness genes.&lt;/p&gt;
A multiple input, multiple output model generator (2017)

When new methods of design and analysis are introduced in the control engineering field, it is scientifically\nimportant to compare the new results with existing methods. Often this requires application of the methods\non examples, and for this purpose benchmark processes are introduced. However, in many areas of control\nengineering research the number of examples is limited to a relatively few examples, and in particular so when\nmulti-input multi-output (MIMO) systems are considered. For a thorough assessment of a method, however, as\nlarge number of relevant models as possible should be used. As a remedy we propose a framework for generating\nlinear multiple input, multiple output models based on predefined system properties, such as model type, size,\nstability, time constants, delays etc.
Continuous Porous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Gels Prepared from a Bicontinuous Microemulsion (2013)

Abstract Continuous porous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) gels were prepared by radical polymerization in a bicontinuous microemulsion (BME) consisting of saline and toluene microphases. The BME gels demonstrated good thermoresponsive water swelling–shrinking performance, exhibiting high speed and large volume change compared with those of homogeneous pNIPAM gels. The BME gels also exhibited swelling with toluene, while the homogeneous pNIPAM gels could not be swollen with toluene.
Propagation of sound in the surf zone (2002)

This presentation focuses on the effects of a time-varying sea surface and bubble clouds due to breaking waves on the propagation of sound in the surf zone. The rough sea surface generates caustics corresponding to Bragg diffraction due to the focusing of sound by the rough surface as described by the specular point method. A comparison with experimental data taken by Grant Deane is presented. Time evolution of bubble clouds in the surf zone is modeled by the algorithms developed by Svein Vagle, David Farmer, and Grant Deane. Bubbles in the surf zone alter both the attenuation of sound and the sound-velocity profile in the ocean. [Work supported by Codes 321OE and 32MIW of the ONR.]
Overview Of Millimeter-wave; Monolithic Circuits (1997)

This report presents a review of millimeter-wave circuits and MIIC techniques. Millimeter-wave is attractive for multimedia communication which needs high speed data transmission. In this paper, recent millimeter-wave amplifier, oscillator and mixer MMICa are described. Cost reduction is the most important subject for the practical use of the millimeter-wave. One of the solution is the multi-functional MMIC.
Estimation of Human Ankle Impedance During the Stance Phase of Walking (2014)

Human joint impedance is the dynamic relationship between the differential change in the position of a perturbed joint and the corresponding response torque; it is a fundamental property that governs how humans interact with their environments. It is critical to characterize ankle impedance during the stance phase of walking to elucidate how ankle impedance is regulated during locomotion, as well as provide the foundation for future development of natural, biomimetic powered prostheses and their control systems. In this study, ankle impedance was estimated using a model consisting of stiffness, damping and inertia. Ankle torque was well described by the model, accounting for 98 ±1.2% of the variance. When averaged across subjects, the stiffness component of impedance was found to increase linearly from 1.5 to 6.5 Nm/rad/kg between 20% and 70% of stance phase. The damping component was found to be statistically greater than zero only for the estimate at 70% of stance phase, with a value of 0.03 Nms/rad/kg. The slope of the ankle's torque-angle curve-known as the quasi-stiffness-was not statistically different from the ankle stiffness values, and showed remarkable similarity. Finally, using the estimated impedance, the specifications for a biomimetic powered ankle prosthesis were introduced that would accurately emulate human ankle impedance during locomotion.
Opioid and amphetamine dependence is associated with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA): An epidemiological register study with 73,201 Swedish in- and outpatients 1997–2013 (2016)

These findings are of value to understand the dynamics of MRSA epidemiology among substance dependent persons with presumably low socioeconomic status and potential injection drug use, and implicate repeated surveillance of MRSA among these patients.
ASSESSING TEST SUITES FOR BUFFER OVERFLOW VULNERABILITIES (2010)

Over the last few years, numerous vulnerabilities have been reported in software, and successful exploitations of these vulnerabilities have resulted in severe consequences such as denial of services and application state corruptions. Researches have shown that effective quality assurance methods can prevent such consequences when applied during software (or applications) development processes. Software security testing is a popular assurance method in this direction. However, effective testing involves obtaining an effective test suite (or collection of test cases) that can reveal specific faults. Over the last few years, different testing approaches have been applied for revealing vulnerabilities in software. However, only few works have assessed the effectiveness of test suites for revealing vulnerabilities. We believe that bringing the idea of mutation-based assessment of test adequacy for vulnerabilities can help in detecting and removing vulnerabilities proactively. In this work, we apply mutation-based adequate testing for one of the worst vulnerabilities namely buffer overflow (BOF). We propose 16 mutation operators to force the generation of adequate test suites for BOF vulnerabilities. A prototype tool is developed to automatically generate mutants and perform mutation analysis with input test cases. The effectiveness of the operators is evaluated by using several benchmark programs having BOF vulnerabilities, and the results indicate that the proposed operators are effective for testing BOF vulnerabilities. Moreover, we present an analysis to find selective mutation operators for reducing the cost of mutation-based testing of BOF vulnerabilities.
The Spatial Coherence Properties of Gaussian Schell-model Beams (1983)

The transverse and longitudinal spatial coherence properties of the light beams generated by planar gaussian Schell-model sources are discussed. It is found that for all gaussian Schell-model beams the ratio of the transverse coherence length to the beam width remains invariant upon propagation. An examination of the longitudinal coherence for both on-axis and off-axis pairs of points indicates that the longitudinal coherence will not, in general, die out as the separation between the points is increased. Rather, the degree of longitudinal coherence will approach a finite (non-zero) value as long as the source contains a finite coherence area, regardless of how small this area may be. Gaussian quasihomogeneous beams are studied as a limiting case. The relation of the present work to the analysis of speckle size is briefly discussed.
Synthesis of Polythiophene-BasedArchitectural Macromolecules: RecentProgress in Controlled Polymerization (2017)

This chapter describes the typical synthetic methods as well as their recent progress in the living/controlled synthesis in terms ofregioregularity, MW, D, chain-end functionality, and block and branching structures. It reviews in detail the fundamental studies of polythiophenes (PTs) and recent progress involving the controlled synthesis of chain-end-functional, block, and branched polymers containing PT segments. McCullough and coworkers developed an inexpensive methodology for the Grignard metathesis polymerization (GRIM) to afford HT regioregular P3ATs using the Grignard exchange reaction to produce the monomer intermediate. The chain-end-functional PTs are very important materials for preparing BCPs, because the functional groups at the chain end(s)can be exploited for the introduction of the second block by the subsequent reactions or polymerizations. Kiriy and coworkers developed a specially designed Ni initiator with an initiating fragment for the nitroxy-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and one with an electronic functionality.
Nutrition, HIV, and Drug Abuse: The Molecular Basis of a Unique Role for Selenium (2000)

HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) often suffer from serious nutritional deficiencies. This is a concern because plasma levels of micronutrients such as vitamin B12, zinc, and selenium have been correlated with mortality risk in HIV-positive populations. Injection drug use also increases lipid peroxidation and other indicators of oxidative stress, which, combined with antioxidant deficiencies, can stimulate HIV-1 replication through activation of NF-κB transcription factors, while weakening immune defenses. As detailed herein, these prooxidant stimuli can also increase the pathogenic effects of HIV-1 by another mechanism, involving viral selenoproteins. Overlapping the envelope coding region, HIV-1 encodes a truncated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene (see #6 in reference list). Sequence analysis and molecular modeling show that this viral GPx (vGPx) module has highly significant structural similarity to known mammalian GPx, with conservation of the catalytic triad of selenocysteine (Sec), glutamine, and tryptophan. In addition to other functions, HIV-1 vGPx may serve as a negative regulator of proviral transcription, by acting as an NF-κB inhibitor (a known property of cellular GPx). Another potential selenoprotein coding function of HIV-1 is associated with the 3′ end of the nef gene, which terminates in a conserved UGA (potential Sec) codon in the context of a sequence (Cys-Sec) identical to the C-terminal redox center of thioredoxin reductase, another cellular regulator of NF-κB. Thus, in combination with known cellular mechanisms involving Se, viral selenoproteins may represent a unique mechanism by which HIV-1 monitors and exploits an essential micronutrient to optimize its replication relative to the host.
Convex Hull-Based Multiobjective Genetic Programming for Maximizing Receiver Operating Characteristic Performance (2014)

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is commonly used to analyze the performance of classifiers in data mining. An important topic in ROC analysis is the ROC convex hull (ROCCH), which is the least convex majorant (LCM) of the empirical ROC curve and covers potential optima for a given set of classifiers. ROCCH maximization problems have been taken as multiobjective optimization problem (MOPs) in some previous work. However, the special characteristics of ROCCH maximization problem makes it different from traditional MOPs. In this paper, the difference will be discussed in detail and a new convex hull-based multiobjective genetic programming (CH-MOGP) is proposed to solve ROCCH maximization problems. Specifically, convex hull-based without redundancy sorting (CWR-sorting) is introduced, which is an indicator-based selection scheme that aims to maximize the area under the convex hull. A novel selection procedure is also proposed based on the proposed sorting scheme. It is hypothesized that by using a tailored indicator-based selection, CH-MOGP becomes more efficient for ROC convex hull approximation than algorithms that compute all Pareto optimal points. Empirical studies are conducted to compare CH-MOGP to both existing machine learning approaches and multiobjective genetic programming (MOGP) methods with classical selection schemes. Experimental results show that CH-MOGP outperforms the other approaches significantly.
Analisi energetica di impianti di turbina a gas con reforming del metanolo e rimozione della CO2 (2002)

Il lavoro riporta i risultati dell’analisi energetica di un impianto di turbina a gas di derivazione aeronautica con recupero termochimico dell’energia allo scarico (impianti CRGT, Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine), alimentato con metanolo e integrato con una sezione di rimozione della CO2 dal combustibile riformato. Gli impianti CRGT alimentati con metanolo presentano una alta valenza di carattere strategico, energetico ed ambientale. Il metanolo è infatti un vettore energetico alternativo all’idrogeno, di notevole interesse specie in un’ottica di breve periodo e in relazione ad impianti di media taglia. Negli impianti CRGT, il reforming del metanolo consente poi di realizzare un efficace recupero dell’energia termica allo scarico della turbina, con notevoli benefici sul rendimento dell'impianto. Il reforming del metanolo produce peraltro un combustibile gassoso composto essenzialmente da H2, CO2, e acqua, la cui combustione origina limitate emissioni di NOX. Il combustibile riformato, come mostrato nel lavoro, offre infine l’opportunità di rimuovere la CO2 prima del processo di combustione, con limitate penalizzazioni sulle prestazioni dell’impianto.
The NSIGHT1-randomized controlled trial: rapid whole-genome sequencing for accelerated etiologic diagnosis in critically ill infants (2018)

Genetic disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (NICU/PICU). While genomic sequencing is useful for genetic disease diagnosis, results are usually reported too late to guide inpatient management. We performed an investigator-initiated, partially blinded, pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial to test the hypothesis that rapid whole-genome sequencing (rWGS) increased the proportion of NICU/PICU infants receiving a genetic diagnosis within 28 days. The participants were families with infants aged <4 months in a regional NICU and PICU, with illnesses of unknown etiology. The intervention was trio rWGS. Enrollment from October 2014 to June 2016, and follow-up until November 2016. Of all, 26 female infants, 37 male infants, and 2 infants of undetermined sex were randomized to receive rWGS plus standard genetic tests (<i>n</i> = 32, cases) or standard genetic tests alone (<i>n</i> = 33, controls). The study was terminated early due to loss of equipoise: 73% (24) controls received genomic sequencing as standard tests, and 15% (five) controls underwent compassionate cross-over to receive rWGS. Nevertheless, intention to treat analysis showed the rate of genetic diagnosis within 28 days of enrollment (the primary end-point) to be higher in cases (31%, 10 of 32) than controls (3%, 1 of 33; difference, 28% [95% CI, 10-46%]; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Among infants enrolled in the first 25 days of life, the rate of neonatal diagnosis was higher in cases (32%, 7 of 22) than controls (0%, 0 of 23; difference, 32% [95% CI, 11-53%];<i>p</i> = 0.004). Median age at diagnosis (25 days [range 14-90] in cases vs. 130 days [range 37-451] in controls) and median time to diagnosis (13 days [range 1-84] in cases, vs. 107 days [range 21-429] in controls) were significantly less in cases than controls (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In conclusion, rWGS increased the proportion of NICU/PICU infants who received timely diagnoses of genetic diseases.
Application of a lanthanide shift reagent in 17O n.m.r. spectroscopy to determine the stereochemical course of oxidation of cyclic sulphite diesters to cyclic sulphate diesters with ruthenium tetroxide (1983)

Cyclic sulphite diesters are rapidly oxidized to cyclic sulphate diesters with ruthenium tetroside in good yield; diastereotopically labelled cyclic [17O] sulphate diesters obtained by oxidation of diastereoisomeric cyclic sulphite diesters with ruthenium [17O] tetroxide are shown, by the effect of a lanthanide shift reagent on their 17O n.m.r. signals, to be formed with retention of configuration at sulphur.