gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and potential transmission routes of midgut‐associated endosymbionts of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) (1997)

Many tsetse species (Diptera: Glossinidae) harbour two morphologically different intracellular endosymbiotic microorganisms associated with gut tissue: primary (P) and secondary (S) endosymbionts. The P-endosymbionts of tsetse (Wigglesworthia glossinidia) are sequestered in specialized epithelial cells, bacteriocytes, which form a structure (bacteriome) in the anterior portion of the gut. Phylogenetic characterization of P-endsymbionts from the three subgenera of genus Glossina has shown that these organisms constitute a distinct lineage within the gamma-subdivision of Proteobacteria and have evolved concordantly with their insect host species, suggesting an evolutionarily ancient association for this symbiosis. The S-endosymbiont is a smaller (1-2 micron) gram-negative rod and is harboured in midgut epithelial cells. Its phylogenetic characterization from Glossina morsitans morsitans had shown that it is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae within the gamma-3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria, closely related to enteric bacteria. Some tsetse species harbour a third bacterium in their reproductive tissue, which was shown phylogenetically to belong to to the Wolbachia pipientis assemblage of microorganisms. Here, we show that S-endosymbionts from five tsetse species, representing all three subgenera, form a cluster of closely related microorganisms, based on their almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The high similarity provides strong evidence of recent independent acquisition of S-endosymbionts by individual tsetse species, unlike Wigglesworthia which displays concordant evolution with host insect species. A PCR-based assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was developed to localize the S-endosymbionts and Wigglesworthia in ovary, egg, milk-gland and spermatheca tissues in order to investigate the potential routes for the vertical transmission of these symbionts to the intrauterine larvae. Only S-endosymbionts were found to infect milk gland tissue, suggesting that milk gland secretions represent a route of transmission for these symbionts into the developing larva. The ovary tissue was found to harbour only Wolbachia, confirming its transovarial transmission, whereas the mode of transmission of Wigglesworthia remains unknown.
A tri-modal distribution of age-of-onset in female patients with myasthenia gravis is associated with the gender-related clinical differences (2018)

The prevalence of IOMG was the reason for the trend reversal of MG prevalence between genders. The clinical features of patients with IOMG differed between genders in the rates of positive anti-AChR, follicular hyperplasia of the thymus and comorbidity with autoimmune diseases. This may suggest a different gender-based mechanism of immune intolerance towards AChR and other antigens.
Hysteresis effects and roughness suppression efficacy of polyethylenimine additive in Cu electrodeposition in ethaline (2020)

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are environmentally-friendly electrolytes that are gaining interest for electrodeposition and energy storage applications. In these applications, metal electrodeposits with smooth, non-dendritic morphology are desired and thus effective strategies for suppressing roughness evolution are critically needed. A commonly employed and rather effective strategy for suppressing roughness evolution in metal electrodeposition is the use of electrolyte additives; however, the availability of such additives in DES electrolytes is limited and so is the understanding of the mechanisms through which additives suppress roughness amplification in DES media. In the present contribution, we demonstrate that polyethylenimine (PEI) is an effective electrolyte additive that suppresses roughness evolution during Cu electrodeposition in ethaline DES. PEI, due to its adsorption–deactivation properties, exhibits a unique hysteresis response during voltammetric studies of Cu electrodeposition – this response is analyzed using a mathematical model incorporating the relevant PEI transport, surface adsorption and deactivation processes. The model provides guidelines for selection of optimal conditions (e.g., PEI concentration) for effective suppression of roughness amplification in Cu electrodeposition.
Combining Diving and Reflected Waves for Velocity Model Building by Waveform Inversion (2014)

Summary Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) aims to reconstruct high-resolution subsurface models from the full wavefield, which includes diving waves, subcritical reflections and short-spread reflections. Most of the successful applications of FWI have been driven by the information carried out by diving waves and subcritical reflections to build the long-to-intermediate wavelengths of the velocity structure. Alternative approaches have been recently revisited to retrieve this long-wavelength content from short-spread reflections only using some prior knowledge of the reflectivity. The present study presents a unified formalism, which aims to update the low wavenumbers of the velocity model by joint inversion of the diving waves and the full reflected wavefield. The method relies on an explicit scale separation between a smooth velocity macromodel and reflectivity, which is assumed to be known, and an explicit data separation between the short-spread reflections and the wide-angle arrivals (i.e., diving waves and subcritical reflections). Applications on simple layered models and a synthetic Valhall model show how the low-wavenumber content of the subsurface is emphasized at all depths by keeping only the transmission wavepaths generated by full wavefields in the gradient of FWI.
UBC-Nepal Expedition: imposed oscillatory shear stress does not further attenuate flow-mediated dilation during acute and sustained hypoxia (2018)

Experimentally induced oscillatory shear stress (OSS) and hypoxia reduce endothelial function in humans. Acute and sustained hypoxia may cause increases in resting OSS; however, whether this influences endothelial susceptibility to further increases in OSS is unknown. Healthy lowlanders ( n = 15, 30 ± 6 yr; means ± SD) participated in three OSS interventions: two interventions at sea level [normoxia and after 20 min of normobaric hypoxia (acute hypoxia, 11% O<sub>2</sub>)] and one intervention 5-7 days after a 9-day ascent to 5,050 m (sustained hypoxia). OSS was provoked in the brachial artery using a 30-min distal cuff inflation (75 mmHg). Endothelial function was assessed before and after each intervention by reactive hyperemia flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Shear stress magnitude and patterns were obtained via Duplex ultrasound. Baseline retrograde shear stress and OSS were greater in acute hypoxia versus normoxia ( P < 0.001), and OSS was elevated in sustained hypoxia versus normoxia ( P = 0.011). The intervention further augmented OSS during each condition. Preintervention FMD was decreased by 29 ± 48% in acute hypoxia and by 25 ± 31% in sustained hypoxia compared with normoxia ( P = 0.001 and 0.026); these changes correlated with changes in baseline mean and antegrade shear stress. After the intervention, FMD decreased during normoxia (-41 ± 26%, P < 0.001) and was unaltered during acute or sustained hypoxia. Therefore, a 30-min exposure to OSS reduced FMD during normoxia, a condition with an unchallenged, healthy endothelium; however, imposed OSS did not appear to worsen endothelial function during acute or sustained hypoxia. Exposure to an altered magnitude and pattern of shear stress at baseline in hypoxia may contribute to the insensitivity to further acute augmentation of OSS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated whether the endothelium remains sensitive to experimental increases in oscillatory shear stress in acute (11% O<sub>2</sub>) and sustained (2 wk at 5,050 m) hypoxia. Hypoxia altered baseline shear stress and decreased endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation); however, exposure to experimentally induced oscillatory shear stress only impaired flow-mediated dilation in normoxia.
Chromosome mapping and organization of the human beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase gene. Differential and cell-type specific usage of upstream exon sequences in B-lymphoblastoid cells. (1993)

The human beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) (SiaT-1) gene is localized to human chromosome 3 (q21-q28) by Southern analysis of somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization of metaphase chromosomes. Comparative analysis between the human and the previously reported rat SiaT-1 genomic sequences demonstrates precise conservation of the intron/exon boundaries throughout the coding domains. Furthermore, there is extensive inter-species sequence similarity in some of the exons that contain information only for the 5'-leader regions. Human genomic sequences were also analyzed to reconcile reported differences in the 5'-untranslated region in SiaT-1 mRNAs. In cultured cell lines of the B-lineage, Reh, Nalm-6, Jok-1, Ball-1, Daudi, and Louckes, the study demonstrates that three upstream exons, Exons(Y+Z) and Exon(X), are mutually exclusively utilized, resulting in at least two distinct populations of SiaT-1 mRNA being synthesized. None of these exons is present in the SiaT-1 mRNA isotype expressed in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. In all B-lymphoblastoid cell lines examined, the basal level SiaT-1 mRNA is maintained by the expression of an isotype containing the Exons(Y+Z) sequence. The slightly smaller SiaT-1 mRNA, which contains the Exon(X) sequence but not Exons(Y+Z) sequence, is synthesized at a high level and found only in Jok-1, Daudi, and Louckes, the cell lines with mature B-cell phenotype. The study also provides further evidence that induced SiaT-1 expression accompanies the appearance of CDw75, a putatively sialylated cell surface epitope and a marker of human mature B-lymphocytes. The SiaT-1 induction is the result of the appearance of a novel form of SiaT-1 mRNA isotype.
Formation of Cu nanostructured electrode surfaces by an annealing–electroreduction procedure to achieve high-efficiency CO2 electroreduction (2013)

An effective fibrous Cu electrode surface, created using a procedure combining high-temperature annealing and electroreduction, is explored for CO2 reduction to produce useful fuels. The nanostructure of this Cu electrode surface contains a layer of nanofibers or nanofibers surrounded by kernels with 30–100 nm diameters. With a specific surface area as high as 458 cm2 per geometric electrode surface area, this nanostructured electrode is found to have a high activity toward CO2 reduction, indicated by its more positive reduction potentials and higher catalytic current density than a smooth Cu electrode. The Faradaic efficiency for HCOO− production is 43%, and the electrode surface remains stable during 19 h of electrolysis — better results than with smooth Cu under identical conditions.
CT-guided intratumoural administration of cisplatin/epinephrine gel for treatment of malignant liver tumours (2002)

To analyze prospectively the interventional and clinical aspects of computed tomography-guided direct intratumoural injection of a novel chemotherapeutic administration and the parenchymal changes of tumour and necrosis in malignant liver tumours. Eight patients with 17 colorectal liver metastases were treated with a mean of 5.1 injections and nine patients with 13 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules with a mean of 3.1 treatments with computed tomography guided local applications of a novel cisplatin/epinephrine gel. This application provides a higher local and lower systemic drug concentration. Volumes of tumour and necrosis prior and after treatment were measured by computer generated volumetric analysis. Contrast enhanced studies verified pretherapeutic viable tumour volumes with a value of 77.4 ml in the metastases and 29.2 ml in the hepatocellular carcinoma nodules. Intratumoural drug application resulted in a significant increase of necrosis and a decrease in viable tumour volume to be 68.3 ml in metastases and 14.5 ml in hepatocellular carcinoma. Local therapy control rate for the follow up to 6 months was 38 and 71% for the group of metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Direct intratumoural injection of cisplatin/epinephrine injectable gel is a feasible and good tolerated method and results in the development of a statistically significant increase in necrosis in malignant liver tumours. For hepatocellular carcinoma a higher local therapy control rate compared to colorectal metastases can be reported.
Epitope analysis for human sperm-immobilizing monoclonal antibodies, MAb H6-3C4, 1G12 and campath-1 (2003)

Human monoclonal antibody, MAb H6-3C4, possesses strong sperm immobilizing activity. MAb H6-3C4 has been suggested by several research groups to react with a carbohydrate moiety of male reproductive tract CD52 (mrtCD52). In the present study, we analysed the epitope on mrtCD52 for MAb H6-3C4 and found that it was polymorphic in Western blot analysis and disappeared after enzymatic removal of the N-linked carbohydrate moiety. Two other monoclonal antibodies (1G12, campath-1) with sperm-immobilizing activity recognized mrtCD52 in a polymorphic manner similar to MAb H6-3C4. Further analysis showed that 1G12 recognized a structure formed by the peptide and/or a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor portion as does campath-1. Results of a lectin binding assay suggested the presence of O-linked carbohydrates on mrtCD52. Our results also indicated that the peptide portion of CD52 could serve as an epitope for sperm-immobilizing antibodies. It was concluded that the epitope of MAb H6-3C4 is similar to, but distinct from, those of 1G12 and campath-1, and that mrtCD52 contains different antigenic epitopes.
Characterization and Alternative Splicing Profiles of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) (2018)

Oxylipins, including jasmonic acid (JA) and volatiles, are important for signaling in plants, and these are formed by the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme family. There is a large gap in understanding of the underlying molecular basis of their roles in tea plants. Here, we identified 11 CsLOX genes from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), and characterized their phylogeny, gene structure and protein features into three subclasses. We then examined their enzymatic activities, LOX expression and alternative splicing of transcripts during development and in response to abiotic or biotic stresses in tea plants. In vitro expressed protein assays showed that the CsLOX2, 3 and 9 enzymatically function to produce 9/13-HPOT, 13-HPOT and 9-HPOT, respectively. CsLOX2 and CsLOX9 green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins localized to chloroplasts and the cytoplasm, respectively. RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis suggested that CsLOX5, 6 and 9 were predominantly expressed in seeds, flowers and roots, respectively. CsLOX2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 were up-regulated after attack by the insect Ectropis oblique, while CsLOX1 was induced after infection with the pathogen Glomerella cingulata. CsLOX3, 7 and 10 were up-regulated by JA but not ABA or salicylic acid. Long-term cold stress down-regulated CsLOX expression while a short duration of cold induced the expression of CsLOX1, 6 and 7. Alternatively spliced transcripts of six CsLOX genes were dynamically regulated through time and varied in relative abundances under the investigated stresses; we propose a mechanism of competing or compensating regulation between isoforms. This study improves our understanding of evolution of LOXs and regulation of their diverse functions in plants.
Screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer patients from mexico: the public health perspective (2009)

Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has potentially important public health implications. Through judicious testing of women believed to be at high risk for early-onset breast cancer and for ovarian cancer, it is possible to identify highly-predisposed women prior to the development of cancer. Current preventive options include preventive mastectomy, preventive oophorectomy, tamoxifen and oral contraceptives. The ability to offer genetic testing in Mexico on a widespread level is enhanced if the common founder mutations in the two genes can be discovered or if the cost of genetic sequencing is reduced. It is important that a genetic testing service be a multi-disciplinary effort with co-ordinated follow-up.
Polyphenoler fra frugt og grønt og forebyggelse af iskæmisk hjertesygdom. Miljø og Sundhed (2009)

Udgivelsesdato: Deceber 2009
Two distinct Xenopus genes with homology to MyoD1 are expressed before somite formation in early embryogenesis. (1990)

The myogenic factors MyoD1 and myogenin contain a conserved region with similarity to the myc family of proto-oncogenes. To identify amphibian genes structurally and functionally related to these myogenic factors, we screened a Xenopus laevis embryo cDNA library under conditions of reduced stringency with probes corresponding to the myc-like helix-loop-helix motif of mouse MyoD1 and myogenin. Several distinct cDNAs that are highly related to each other and share extensive homology to MyoD1 were isolated. Transcripts from two of these genes, Xlmf1 and Xlmf25 (X. laevis myogenic factor), reach maximal levels of accumulation during gastrulation, remain at constant levels through early embryogenesis, and are found exclusively in skeletal muscles of adult frogs. The appearance of these transcripts early in development precedes the expression of cardiac alpha-actin, a molecular marker for mesoderm formation. A third cDNA, Xlmf11, contains an internal 351-base-pair deletion downstream of the myc homology region and encodes a truncated version of the protein encoded by Xlmf1. When expressed in mouse pluripotential stem cells, Xlmf1 activates the muscle cell differentiation program, resulting in expression of endogenous MyoD1, myogenin, and myosin heavy-chain genes and formation of multinucleated myotubes.
Distinct cell-specific control of autoimmunity and infection by FcγRIIb (2008)

FcgammaRIIb is an inhibitory Fc receptor expressed on B cells and myeloid cells. It is important in controlling responses to infection, and reduced expression or function predisposes to autoimmunity. To determine if increased expression of FcgammaRIIb can modulate these processes, we created transgenic mice overexpressing FcgammaRIIb on B cells or macrophages. Overexpression of FcgammaRIIb on B cells reduced the immunoglobulin G component of T-dependent immune responses, led to early resolution of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and reduced spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In contrast, overexpression on macrophages had no effect on immune responses, CIA, or SLE but increased mortality after Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. These results help define the role of FcgammaRIIb in immune responses, demonstrate the contrasting roles played by FcgammaRIIb on B cells and macrophages in the control of infection and autoimmunity, and emphasize the therapeutic potential for modulation of FcgammaRIIb expression on B cells in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
Hybrid Video Coding with Trellis-Coded Quantization (2019)

In state-of-the-art video coding, the prediction error signals are transmitted using transform coding, which consists of an orthogonal transform, scalar quantization, and entropy coding of the quantization indexes. We show that the coding efficiency of transform coding can be improved by replacing scalar quantization with trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) and using advanced entropy coding techniques for coding the quantization indexes. The proposed approach was implemented into the first test model (VTM-1) of the new standardization project Versatile Video Coding (VVC). Our coding experiments yielded average bit-rate savings of 4.9% for intra-only coding and 3.3% for typical random access configurations, where bit-rate savings of 3.5% (intra-only) and 2.4% (random access) can be attributed to the usage of TCQ. These coding gains are obtained at a 5-10% increase in encoder run time and without any change in decoder run time.
Activating hierarchically hortensia-like CoAl layered double hydroxides by alkaline etching and anion modulation strategies for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction (2019)

It is highly desirable to design and develop low-cost and Earth-abundant non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for the efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions. Herein, hierarchically porous hortensia-like CoAl hydroxysulfide is converted from CoAl layered double hydroxides via alkaline etching and sulfuration strategies as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER. In 1 M KOH, this electrode requires a low overpotential of 270 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm-2, with a small Tafel slope of 63 mV dec-1. Furthermore, it also possesses remarkably high stability with its activity being maintained at a stable overpotential of 10 mA cm-2 after testing for 26 h. Our work provides a promising cost-effective OER catalyst for large-scale electrochemical applications.
Roles of Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferases 1 and 2 in Triacylglycerol Synthesis and Secretion in Primary Hepatocytes (2015)

Our data suggest that DGAT1 and DGAT2 can compensate for each other to synthesize triacylglycerol, but triacylglycerol synthesized by DGAT1 is preferentially channeled to oxidation, whereas DGAT2 synthesizes triacylglycerol destined for very low-density lipoprotein assembly.
Azimuthal anisotropy: Is it really ubiquitous? (2007)

Following the groundbreaking work of Crampin (1985), Alford (1986), Lynn and Thomsen (1990) and Lewis et al (1991), it quickly became conventional wisdom in the industry that substantial shear‐wave azimuthal anisotropy is nearly ubiquitous in the subsurface. Crampin and Zatsepin (1995) made theoretical arguments that implied that most of the subsurface is azimuthally anisotropic. As industry's ability to measure and quantify azimuthal anisotropy at a variety of scales has grown, this assumption has remained largely unexamined. Looking at over a dozen datasets, including surface 9‐C seismic, 9‐C VSPs, and dipole sonic logs at a number of locations in the Western US and Alberta, I have seen little unambiguous evidence of azimuthal shear‐wave anisotropy despite polarization analysis of each dataset.
Primary capsulectomy, anterior vitrectomy, lensectomy, and posterior chamber lens implantation in children: limbal versus pars plana (1999)

The anatomic and visual results were encouraging when posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy, using a limbal or pars plana approach, were combined with lensectomy and PC IOL implantation in children. The application of these techniques depends on surgeon experience and skill.
Compact and Broadband 4 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> 4 SIW Butler Matrix With Phase and Magnitude Error Reduction (2015)

A novel two-layer 4 × 4 Butler matrix by feeding substrate integrated waveguide is designed and realized. The proposed Butler matrix has broadband operation frequency range of over 8.5 to 10.6 GHz with excellent phase and amplitude performance. The proposed design in this letter prevents the loss of amplitude and phase shifts in Butler matrix and decreases amplitude imbalance to less than 0.6 dB. This is achieved by reducing the size of Butler matrix and avoiding the use of a line length which causes a phase shift.
Lexical‐Functional Grammar (2005)

Abstract Lexical‐functional grammar is a linguistic theory that explores the nature of the various aspects of the structure of language and the relations between them.