gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ivanov: The Perils of Typicality (2006)

It was Turgenev who taught Chekhov that, in an age of censorship, objectivity could have the force of polemic without overtly disclosing its critical intents. In the appropriate rhetorical situation, objectivity can function as a mode of “hidden polemic,” a crucial part of the weaponry of the ironist. Even if the objectivity of Turgenev’s presentation did not always guarantee that provocative voices and attitudes would evade the censor’s pen, the mask of objectivity was a subtle rhetorical tool for any writer concerned with social and political criticism.2 Does Ivanov need to be recognized as a play exploiting the rhetoric of objectivity? Can one deploy a rhetoric of objectivity and yet remain committed to an ethics of objectivity? In polemical terms, objectivity has it limits, since, functioning as an ironic mode, its “non-statement” is a severe form of understatement – and, as such, subject to the vagaries of indeterminacy. It is the threat of such indeterminacy, I think, that leads Chekhov to create a play in which the objective is always in tension with the grotesque and the satirical: but understatement counterbalanced by statement still runs the risk of remaining indeterminate.
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Targeting N-Cadherin Enhances Antitumor Activity of Cytotoxic Therapies in Melanoma Treatment (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Materials from Targeting N-Cadherin Enhances Antitumor Activity of Cytotoxic Therapies in Melanoma Treatment
Optimal paritioning of very large-scale optoelectronic computing systems (1990)

Based on wiring-space and heat removal consideration, we predict how many optically interconnected chips a set of N gates must be partitioned into for minimum system delay.
Intravital imaging-based genetic screen reveals the transcriptional network governing Candida albicans filamentation during mammalian infection (2023)

<i>Candida albicans</i> is one of the most common human fungal pathogens. <i>C. albicans</i> pathogenesis is tightly linked to its ability to under a morphogenetic transition from typically budding yeast to filamentous forms of hyphae and pseudohyphae. Filamentous morphogenesis is the most intensively studied <i>C. albicans</i> virulence traits; however, nearly all of these studies have been based on in vitro induction of filamentation. Using an intravital imaging assay of filamentation during mammalian (mouse) infection, we have screened a library of transcription factor mutants to identify those that modulate both the initiation and maintenance of filamentation in vivo. We coupled this initial screen with genetic interaction analysis and in vivo transcription profiling to characterize the transcription factor network governing filamentation in infected mammalian tissue. Three core positive (Efg1, Brg1, and Rob1) and two core negative regulators (Nrg1 and Tup1) of filament initiation were identified. No previous systematic analysis of genes affecting the elongation step has been reported and we found that large set of transcription factors affect filament elongation in vivo including four (Hms1, Lys14, War1, Dal81) with no effect on in vitro elongation. We also show that the gene targets of initiation and elongation regulators are distinct. Genetic interaction analysis of the core positive and negative regulators revealed that the master regulator Efg1 primarily functions to mediate relief of Nrg1 repression and is dispensable for expression of hypha-associated genes in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our analysis not only provide the first characterization of the transcriptional network governing <i>C. albicans</i> filamentation in vivo but also revealed a fundamentally new mode of function for Efg1, one of the most widely studied <i>C. albicans</i> transcription factors.
The Davis-Beirut Reaction: A Novel Entry into 2H-indazoles and Indazolones. Recent Biological Activity of Indazoles (2012)

A novel, easy method for the syntheses of richly diversified 2H-indazoles and indazolones, called the Davis-Beirut reaction, and other recent 2H-indazole synthetic routes are briefly reviewed. An update on the biological activity of indazoles is also surveyed.
Hepatic metastases: liposomal Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. (1989)

Liposomal gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) encapsulated within 70- and 400-nm vesicles was tested as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver in rats with hepatic metastases. Liposomal Gd-DTPA caused significant improvement in contrast between liver and tumor (P less than .005) on T1-weighted MR images. Smaller 70-nm liposomal Gd-DTPA vesicles caused greater contrast enhancement, reflecting the larger surface-area-to-volume ratio of the smaller vesicles. Liposomal Gd-DTPA-enhanced images permitted significant improvement in metastasis detection by five blinded radiologists (P less than .005). By comparison, free Gd-DTPA without liposomes caused a statistically significant reduction in contrast between tumor and liver and reduced lesion detection (P less than .01). Liposomal Gd-DTPA also resulted in sustained vascular enhancement for 1 hour after administration. The results suggest that paramagnetic liposomes may become a useful MR imaging contrast agent.
Phase-change memory (2013)

This article surveys the current state of phase-change memory (PCM) as a nonvolatile memory technology set to replace flash and DRAM in modern computerized systems. It has been researched and developed in the last decade, with researchers providing better architectural designs which address the technology's main challenges—its limited write endurance, potential long latency, high energy writes, power dissipation, and some concerns for memory privacy. Some physical properties of the technology are also discussed, providing a basis for architectural discussions. Also briefly shown are other architectural alternatives, such as FeRAM and MRAM. The designs surveyed in this article include read before write, wear leveling, write cancellation, write pausing, some encryption schemes, and buffer organizations. These allow PCM to stand on its own as a replacement for DRAM as main memory. Designs for hybrid memory systems with both PCM and DRAM are also shown and some designs for SSDs incorporating PCM.
The induction melting of glass (1991)

The possibility of using coupled system of an induction coil and a metal susceptor for the purposes of melting glass is investigated. The magnetic field strength and the current density in the different regions of the furnace are calculated. Detailed consideration is then given to the influence of the glass on the electrical characteristics of the furnace and to the problem of magnetic forces on the susceptor.
Mechanism of hepatocellular dysfunction during hyperdynamic sepsis (1996)

Because of its central role in metabolism and host defense mechanisms, the liver is thought to be a major organ responsible for the initiation of multiple organ failure during sepsis. It is, therefore, important to discuss whether hepatocellular dysfunction occurs during early sepsis and, if so, whether this occurs prior to hepatocellular damage as evidenced by elevation in serum enzyme levels. Because indocyanine green clearance has been demonstrated to be an early and extremely sensitive measure of active hepatocyte transport function, a technique for repeated measurement of hepatocellular function by in vivo indocyanine green clearance was developed in small animals, such as the rat. Studies have indicated that hepatocellular function is markedly depressed during early stages of polymicrobial sepsis despite the increased cardiac output and hepatic blood flow and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. The depression in hepatocellular function in early, hyperdynamic stages of sepsis does not appear to be due to any reduction in hepatic profusion but is associated with elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, administration of recombinant murine TNF-alpha at a dose that does not reduce cardiac output and hepatic perfusion produces hepatocellular dysfunction and increases plasma levels of IL-6. Thus upregulation of TNF and/or IL-6 may be responsible for producing hepatocellular dysfunction during early, hyperdynamic stages of sepsis.
Highlights from this issue (2016)

Rate and risk factors for retinal detachment after cataract surgery: younger age, longer axial length and posterior capsule rupture with vitreous loss seem to associ
Differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells into osteoblasts is induced by mechanical stretch via the Wnt/β‑catenin signalling pathway (2018)

Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have recently been recognized as a potential source of stem cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of mechanical stretch on the osteogenic differentiation of hAECs. As it has been previously reported that the physical environment is an important factor in maintaining the phenotype and functionality of differentiated cells, mechanical stretch was use to mimic the mechanical environment in the present study, with the following parameters: 5% elongation of the hAECs at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, with evaluation at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h time points. The osteogenic differentiation process of the hAECs followed by mechanical stimulation was evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Additionally, in a parallel study, a runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)/core binding factor α 1 (Cbfa1)‑specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid vector and a scrambled shRNA control plasmid was constructed for transfection into the hAECs prior to mechanical stimulation. The cultured hAECs exhibited a cobblestone‑shaped epithelial‑like phenotype and were positive for stage‑specific embryonic antigen‑4, cytokeratin‑19, cluster of differentiation 44 and octamer‑binding protein 4, as detected by flow cytometry, western blotting or confocal microscopy. The qPCR and western blotting data demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Runx2/Cbfa1, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were upregulated compared with the control group following stretching and they peaked at 12 h. These results indicated that the osteogenic differentiation of the hAECs was induced by mechanical stimuli. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of β‑catenin and cyclin D were increased significantly following stretching; however, they were decreased following Runx2/Cbfa1‑shRNA transfection as observed by RT‑qPCR and western blotting. These results suggested that the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway may have an important role in mechanical stretch‑induced osteogenic differentiation of the hAECs. Furthermore, the combination of stretch and osteogenic induction medium had synergistic effects on the osteogenic differentiation. The results of the present study demonstrated that mechanical stimuli have an important role in osteogenic differentiation of hAECs via the Wnt/β‑catenin signalling pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy in bone regenerative medicine.
Echogenic lipsomes for targeted drug delivery (2009)

Echogenic immunoliposomes (ELIP) are under development to enable ultrasound-controlled drug delivery. Mechanistic studies in vitro have revealed that stable cavitation is correlated with enhanced recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis, yet strategies to optimize the occurrence of such bubble activity and avoid potential harmful bioeffects have yet to be identified. Stable cavitation is characterized by bubbles pulsating gently in response to the time-varying acoustic pressure in an ultrasound field. A review of in vitro sonothrombolysis studies utilizing commercial US contrast agent or echogenic liposomes loaded with rt-PA to nucleate stable cavitation will be presented. Strategies for the development of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis and drug delivery will be discussed.
A molecular orbital method for inorganic molecules: application to transition metal oxides (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA molecular orbital method for inorganic molecules: application to transition metal oxidesHarold Basch and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 4, 639–644Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50050a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50050a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Is Efficiently Targeted to Rafts in Supported Lipid Bilayers (2002)

Evidence is growing that biological membranes contain lipid microdomains or "rafts" that may be involved in processes such as cellular signaling and protein trafficking. In this study, we have used atomic force microscopy to examine the behavior of rafts in supported lipid bilayers. We show that bilayers composed of equimolar dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin spontaneously form rafts, which are detectable as raised features. A comparison of the extents of protrusion of the rafts in monolayers and bilayers indicates that the rafts in the two leaflets of the bilayer coincide. The rafts were observed both in the absence and presence of cholesterol (33 mol %). Cholesterol reduced raft protrusion presumably by increasing the thickness of the non-raft bilayer. PLAP (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein placental alkaline phosphatase) was purified and shown to exist as a dimer. Following its incorporation into supported lipid bilayers, PLAP was found to be targeted efficiently to rafts, both in the absence and presence of cholesterol. We suggest that atomic force microscopy provides a powerful tool for the study of raft structure and properties.
Prevalence and Nature of Financial Considerations Documented in Narrative Clinical Records in Intensive Care Units (2018)

In this study, among patients in the ICU, clinical notes document the association of financial considerations with care decisions. Although such notes likely underestimate the frequency of such considerations, they highlight the need to develop better systematic approaches to understanding how financial constraints may alter care decisions in US health systems.
QoE-based energy conservation for VoIP over WLAN (2012)

Minimizing energy consumption is becoming more and more crucial in today's mobile terminals communications. Reducing its use pass necessarily by exploiting low power design techniques and by adopting novel energy-aware applications and protocols. The focus in this paper mainly concerns the Voice over IP over Wireless Local Area Network (VoWLAN) application, which is beyond doubt the most popular application in mobile terminals. The real-time nature of this application makes the conventional approaches inefficient, as they conserve energy by either: (i) switching the wireless device from the active mode to the sleep mode when no data is buffered for transmission or reception, which completely block the mobile terminal in the active mode (i.e. waste of energy), or (ii) forcing the switching to the sleep mode, which is clearly a detrimental behavior for such delay-constrained application. The idea of the proposed paper is to wisely determine the optimal schedule between the Sleep and Wakeup periods based on the application requirements. Hence, we propose in the following a quality of experience (QoE)-aware protocol, maximizing the sleep mode duration, for VoIP application. The performance of the proposed protocol is performed through computer simulation. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the protocol in conserving energy while keeping the QoE at a desired level.
A set of experiments to more fully characterize linear PM oscillatory machines (2005)

The paper introduces a set of static and dynamic experiments to more fully characterize a linear permanent magnet (PM) oscillatory machine. The proposed set of tests was performed on a PM brushless linear oscillatory machine with surface PM and PM flux concentration movers, respectively. Though the testing arrangement allows for it, temperature, noise and vibration have not been investigated in this paper.
Fault Analysis of the Gautrain 2 × 25 kV AC Traction Power Supply System Using Disturbance Fault Records and On-Site Testing (2020)

A typical 2 × 25 kV traction power supply system consists of both primary and secondary equipment housed in control rooms, and the traction overhead wiring (OHW) that runs between the substations. The substation secondary equipment consists of the protection and control intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) known as relays. Each section of the OHW between the substations is protected by a set of two relays at both ends of a line for impedance protection and their backup relays. At substations facing the sections at the end of the line, where there is no other substation on the other end, usually the overcurrent and earth fault protection is used. At the substations, there are disturbance fault recorders installed or relays equipped with a capability to record and store disturbance fault records. An analysis of these fault records makes a significant contribution to the efficient running of a traction system such as the Gautrain rapid rail system. A combination of the analysis of the faults that occur in the OHW as recorded and stored in the relays as well as the performance of the IEDs and the protection settings using the on-site tests are a subject of this article.
Birefringence Measurements of Biological Tissue with Low Coherence Optical Tomography and its Application to Human Skin (1997)

High-resolution two-dimensional images of optical birefringence in biological tissue as a function of depth are shown. The application to human skin is discussed.
Observations on the use of ground waste clay brick as a cement replacement material (1996)

The project is funded by the European Copernicus programme and involves the recycling of waste clay brick and tile material for the partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete. The paper reports on the preliminary investigation of the effect on the strength development of concrete of partially replacing the cement with ground ‘Fletton’ brick and establishes that this brick does exhibit pozzolanic activity and does make a contribution to the strength development of concrete.
Isolation of α‐tubulin genes from the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum: sequence analysis of α‐tubulin (1989)

As a step towards identifying exploitable differences between host and parasite at the molecular level, we have isolated and sequenced genomic clones encompassing an entire alpha-tubulin gene (designated alpha-tubulin I) from the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The gene, which contains two introns, encodes a product with a predicted length of 453 amino acid residues (50.3 kD). The protein sequence shows a high degree of homology to other alpha-tubulins, particularly that of the coccidian parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (94%), whose gene carries introns in identical positions. Only one copy of the alpha-tubulin I gene itself was found, although a second gene designated alpha-II was also identified which is closely related but which differs at both the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. The alpha-I and beta-tubulin genes were found to reside on different chromosomes.
Supplementary Figure 2 from microRNA-205 Regulates HER3 in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from microRNA-205 Regulates HER3 in Human Breast Cancer
Posterior scleritis as an intraocular tumour. (1990)

Posterior scleritis rarely presents as a large 'intraocular tumour' and continues to be a challenge in diagnosis and management. We present the case of a 66-year-old male with no known rheumatic disease, pain, proptosis, or diplopia, but with progressively decreasing visual acuity and a large, discrete 'subretinal tumour', 15 X 17 mm basal diameter and 8.3 mm apical height. Histologically the tumour was shown to be grossly thickened and necrotic sclera.
High Resolution Silicon-Oxynitride Arrayed Waveguide Grating Spectrometers (2010)

We present experimental results of silicon-oxynitride (SiON) based arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) spectrometers operating around 800 nm and 1300 nm. A 100-channel AWG with 0.4 nm channel spacing centered at 1300 nm and a 125-channel AWG with 0.16 nm channel spacing centered at 800 nm have been fabricated and characterized. The measured crosstalk and insertion loss values near the central wavelengths were ranging between -22 and -32 dB and between 3.2 and 2 dB for 800-nm AWG and 1300-nm AWG, respectively. The highest wavelength resolution (0.16 nm) and the largest free spectral range value (38.8 nm) have been achieved in SiON technology so far.
Lipid and lipoprotein measurements in a normal adult American population (1975)

From a parent population of 774, a subpopulation of 160 normal adults ages 27-66 was randomly selected, 20 from each decade and sex. A detailed comparison was made by analytic ultracentrifugation and complete agarose gel electrophoresis on serum and the 1.006 g/ml top and bottom preparative ultracentrifuge lipoprotein fractions. The latter was internally standardized by total lipid and plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride determinations giving normal reference lipoprotein values. The reading procedure allowed the identification and quantification of floating beta and sinking pre-beta. In the subpopulation, there were two of the former and 13 of the latter. For large scale clinical application of such quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis full automation of the microdensitometry and calculations will be required.
Detection and quantitative analysis of amphetamine (1974)

The high resolution mass spectrometric integrated ion current procedure has been used to identify and quantitate amphetamine, isolated as its dansyl derivative, as it is found after addition to urine and in tissues of the rat following intraperitoneal injection. A linear relationship between amphetamine and ion current response has been established at least in the range 5 × 10−12 to 5 × 10−7 g, and as little as 8 × 10−13 mol of amphetamine in urine may be detected.