gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation damage in ion-irradiated pyrolytic graphite (1993)

Several grades of graphite are used in nuclear applications; as moderators in fission reactors, primary fuel containment in high temperature gas-cooled reactors, and plasma facing materials in fusion reactors. Whereas high temperature (&lt;800°C) radiation damage response is reasonably well understood, the low temperature response is less well understood, including amorphization under irradiation. This study examined this response for ion-irradiated, highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Electron transparent flakes of HOPG were prepared by repeated cleavage. Folding grids were used to hold the flakes during ion irradiation and electron microscopy. Specimens were irradiated with either 35 or 165 keV carbon or 300 keV xenon ions to fluences up to 1 × 10 16 and 3×10 15 ions/cm 2 , respectively, at nominal temperatures from room temperature to 600°C. The low energy carbon and xenon ions were selected to give similar ion ranges (∼84 nm). The range of the 165 keV carbon ions was 330 nm.
Processing of polymers using reactive solvents : structure development probed by simultaneous SAXS/WAXS/Raman spectroscopy (1996)

The processing window of PE can be extended by using styrene as reactive solvent. Upon in-situ polymerisation of styrene, liquid-liquid (L-L) phase separation is induced, which can be followed by a liquid-solid (LS) transition. The L-S transition can be used to fix the morphology, enabling morphology control. The onset of the L-S transition depends both on the reaction rate and the degree of undercooling.
A Mixture Model System for Medical and Machine Diagnosis (1994)

Diagnosis of human disease or machine fault is a missing data problem since many variables are initially unknown. Additional information needs to be obtained. The joint probability distributionof the data can be used to solve this problem. We model this with mixture models whose parameters are estimated by the EM algorithm. This gives the benefit that missing data in the database itself can also be handled correctly. The request for new information to refine the diagnosis is performed using the maximum utility principle. Since the system is based on learning it is domain independent and less labor intensive than expert systems or probabilistic networks. An example using a heart disease database is presented. 1 INTRODUCTION Diagnosis is the process of identifying diseases in patients or disorders in machines by considering history, symptoms and other signs through examination. Diagnosis is a common and important problem that has proven hard to automate and formalize. A procedural descr...
Pseudoheterodyne detection scheme for optical interferometers (1982)

A heterodyne signal recovery scheme for interferometric sensors based on frequency ramping of the laser diode source is described. Using a PLL detector, signals in the range 10−4 to 6 rad have been recovered, the system being linear over 5 decades.
Quasi-Static Analysis of Multilayer Dielectrics Filled Coaxial Line Using Conformal Mapping Method (2018)

Analytical solutions for characteristic impedance and effective permittivity of coaxial line filled with multilayer dielectrics are presented. Using the conformal mapping approach, the cross section of coaxial line filled with multilayer dielectrics in z-plane is mapped into cross section of parallel-plate filled with multilayer dielectrics in the t-plane. The capacitance per unit length keeps the same after conformal mapping. The capacitance per unit length is calculated in the t-plane using the classic parallel-plate capacitance calculation equation. Based on the capacitance per unit length, characteristic impedance and effective permittivity of coaxial line filled with multilayer dielectrics can be derived using transmission line theory. Finally, two examples are given to verify the results. The presented analytical solutions are accurate as well as efficient and are useful for transmission line theory and computer-aided design in microwave engineering.
Aerial Image Classification for the Mapping of Riparian Vegetation Habitats (2013)

Abstract In the current study, aerial image analysis has been applied to map vegetation communities in a riparian wetland ecosystem, Szigetköz (Hungary). Remote sensing offers an objective and timeeffective method for the detection of detailed vegetation habitats with the use of high resolution aerial photos combined with ancillary botanical and silvicultural data. Three images of the same test site, acquired in three different years have been analysed by sample-based semi-automated image classification technique. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the target vegetation classes, besides using spectral features (e.g. vegetation indices) textural descriptors were also involved in the classification procedure. The most appropriate parameters have been chosen using a statistical feature selection method based on the Jeffries-Matusita distance. The accuracy assessment proved for each scene that the combined use of spectral and textural features gave the best classification results in comparison to the exclusive use of spectral or textural measures. The here-applied feature set can be applied for the analysis of similar riparian sites.
Using PAPAYA for eHealth - Use Case Analysis and Requirements (2020)

This paper presents an eHealth use case based on a privacy-preserving machine learning platform to detect arrhythmia developed by the PAPAYA project that can run in an untrusted domain. It discusses legal privacy and user requirements that we elicited for this use case from the GDPR and via stakeholder interviews. These include requirements for secure pseudonymisation schemes, for allowing also pseudonymous users to exercise their data subjects rights, for not making diagnostic decisions fully automatically and for assurance guarantees, conformance with specified standards and informing clinicians and patients about the privacy protection. The requirements are not only relevant for our use case but also for other use cases utilising privacy-preserving data analytics to classify medical data.
M-GEAR: Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-hop Routing Protocol for WSNs (2013)

In this research work, we advise gateway based energy-efficient routing protocol (M-GEAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We divide the sensor nodes into four logical regions on the basis of their location in the sensing field. We install Base Station (BS) out of the sensing area and a gateway node at the centre of the sensing area. If the distance of a sensor node from BS or gateway is less than predefined distance threshold, the node uses direct communication. We divide the rest of nodes into two equal regions whose distance is beyond the threshold distance. We select cluster heads (CHs)in each region which are independent of the other region. These CHs are selected on the basis of a probability. We compare performance of our protocol with LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). Performance analysis and compared statistic results show that our proposed protocol perform well in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.
Terrestrial feeding in the Mudskipper Periophthalmus (Pisces: Teleostei): A cineradiographic analysis (1981)

Mudskipping gobies (Periophthalminae) are among the most terrestrial of amphibious fishes. Specializations associated with terrestrial prey capture and deglutition have been studied in Periophthalmus koelreuteri by light and X‐ray cinematography which permits direct visualization of pharyngeal jaw movement during deglutition. Anatomical specializations of the pharyngeal jaws are described and include depressible teeth, a large ventral process on ceratobranchial five, and muscular modifications. Multiple terrestrial feedings occur by Periophthalmus without a return to the water, and cineradiography reveals that the buccal cavity is often filled with air during terrestrial excursions in contrast to some previous hypotheses. Transport of the prey into the oesophagus occurs primarily by anteroposterior movement of the upper pharyngeal jaw. The lower pharyngeal jaw plays a limited role in food transport and may serve primarily to hold and position prey. The bite between upper and lower pharyngeal jaws occurs between the anterior teeth, and both jaws are protracted together during raking of food into the oesophagus. Functional specializations correlated with terrestrial feeding include obligatory use of pharyngeal jaws for swallowing even small prey items and positioning of the prey in the pharynx by pharyngeal jaw and hyoid movements alone. This analysis of terrestrial feeding allows hypotheses of design constraints imposed by the aquatic medium on fishes to be raised and tested.
Restoration of antibacterial activity of inactive antibiotics via combined treatment with a cyanographene/Ag nanohybrid (2022)

The number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is increasing due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, which are therefore becoming ineffective. Here, we report an effective way of enhancing and restoring the antibacterial activity of inactive antibiotics by applying them together with a cyanographene/Ag nanohybrid, a nanomaterial that is applied for the first time for restoring the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The cyanographene/Ag nanohybrid was synthesized by chemical reduction of a precursor material in which silver cations are coordinated on a cyanographene sheet. The antibacterial efficiency of the combined treatment was evaluated by determining fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) for antibiotics with different modes of action (gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and colistin) against the strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter kobei with different resistance mechanisms. Synergistic and partial synergistic effects against multiresistant strains were demonstrated for all of these antibiotics except ciprofloxacin, which exhibited an additive effect. The lowest average FICs equal to 0.29 and 0.39 were obtained for colistin against E. kobei and for gentamicin against E. coli, respectively. More importantly, we have experimentally confirmed for the first time, that interaction between the antibiotic's mode of action and the mechanism of bacterial resistance strongly influenced the combined treatment's efficacy.
Two-Level Clustering towards Unsupervised Discovery of Acoustic Classes (2013)

In this paper we focus on unsupervised discovering of acoustic classes suitable for use in pattern recognition applications. Our approach is based on a two-level clustering of an initial acoustic segmentation of the audio data in order to allow for discovery and correct modeling of complex acoustic classes. Initially, in a first-level, the acoustic space is densely clustered in order to provide a first layer of acoustic variance reduction. In a second-level clustering we use the acoustic segmentation to infer a smaller number of super-clusters taking advantage of the intra-segment relationships between the first-level clusters. In this paper we compare three possible clustering methods to obtain super-clusters as sub-sets or linear combinations of first-level clusters. Results indicate that the proposed two-level approach improves the balance between Purity and inverse Purity evaluation measures while significantly improving the stability of the transcriptions obtained when using the resulting models to transcribe the same acoustic events in different spoken utterances.
Left atrial appendage perforation with Watchman device implantation: Strategies for surgical repair (2020)

Percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage is increasingly being used as an alternative for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation at high risk of complications from long term anticoagulation. We describe a case of left atrial appendage perforation during Watchman device implantation requiring emergency repair of the left atrium using sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. Technical considerations for surgical decision making are discussed; in hemodynamically unstable patients as well as those at high risk for embolization.
The ethnobotany and pharmacognosy of Olea europaea subsp. africana (Oleaceae) (2010)

The ethnobotanical uses of wild olive, O. europaea subsp. africana (sometimes referred to as subsp. cuspidata) in southern Africa and in other parts of Africa are reviewed. Chromatographic analyses of secoiridoids (oleuropein and other oleuropeosides) in 25 wild olive leaf samples from 10 localities in South Africa showed substantial amounts of oleuropein (up to 110 mg/g dry weight) and not trace amounts as reported in the literature. Oleuropein is the main active compound in olive leaf, with demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hypolipidemic and hypotensive activities. A comparison with nine cultivated olive leaf samples (subsp. europaea) from six cultivars and two localities showed that commercial olive leaf can be distinguished by the presence of verbascoside, which is absent in wild olive. Extraction methods and solvent systems (TLC and HPLC) were compared, using pure oleuropein (isolated from wild olive leaf and identified by NMR) as an authentic reference sample. The unique peltate scales on the leaves are useful to identify olive leaf raw material (but are the same in both subspecies). The main conclusion is that wild olive leaf is chemically closely similar to cultivated olive leaf and therefore suitable as an alternative source of raw material for olive leaf extract.
Inertial effects in just-saturated axisymmetric column collapses (2023)

Abstract This work introduces a scaling analysis of sub-aerial axisymmetric column collapses of glass beads and Newtonian glycerol-water solutions mimicking some of the behaviours of debris flows. The beads were in a size range where their inertia partly decouples their collapse behaviour from the water column. Experiments explored a range of viscous, surface tension and particle inertia effects through systematic variation of particle size and fluid viscosity. Crucially a geotechnical centrifuge was used to access elevated effective gravitational accelerations driving the collapse, allowing field-scale viscous and surface tension effects to be replicated. Temporal pore pressure and run out front position evolution data was extracted using a pressure transducer and high speed imaging, respectively. A least-squares fitted scale analysis demonstrated that all characteristic dimensionless quantities of the acceleration phase could be described as a function of the column-scale Bond number $$\text{ Bo }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>Bo</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the Capillary number $$\text{ Ca }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>Ca</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , the system size $$r^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , and the grain-fluid density ratio $$\rho ^*$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . This analysis demonstrated that collapses as characterised by pore pressure evolution and front positions were controlled by the ratio of $$\text{ Bo}/\text{Ca}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>Bo</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>Ca</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . This indicates that grain-scale surface tension effects are negligible in such inertial column collapses where they may dominate laboratory-scale granular-fluid flow behaviour where geometric similarity between grain and system size is preserved. Graphical abstract
Ochratoxin A in blood of slaughter pigs. (1985)

The global ochratoxin A contamination of Swedish feed cereals was studied by analysis of pig blood samples from 122 different herds. The samples were collected at seven Swedish slaughterhouses. The ochratoxin A analysis showed 21% of the samples to contain greater than or equal to 2 ng ochratoxin A per ml. Samples from Visby showed a significantly higher frequency of contamination compared with the rest of the country.
Multi-stage Hydro-fracture Trajectories: Modelling by the SIE Method (2014)

This study is aimed at simulation of numerous curvilinear hydro-fracture trajectories in the framework of the mechanics of brittle fracture. The numerical model is based on the method of singular integral equations, SIE. The process of fracture propagation is considered as quasi-static, it is presented by iterations of the stationary step-by-step states, for which the SIE is solved at every step to calculate the stress intensity factors for the current configuration of the fracture system. The trajectory of the fracture is found by applying the criterion of maximum tensile stress at the crack tips and the crack closure is controlled at every step. Two types of fracture growth have been analysed: simultaneous and subsequent for different values of spacing and in-situ stress ratio.
Conveniently assembled multiple-electrode-pair CO 2 laser (2000)

A conveniently assembled multiple-electrode-pair (MEP) transversely excited amplify (TEA) CO2 laser is introduced in this paper. The laser is described from the view of device configuration, power supply, control circuit, and etc. The laser output is variable from single pulse to double pulse and multiple pulse with different assembly. We adopt a new alignment method for cavity. The pulse time interval given by control system is continuously adjustable from 0 to 150 microseconds. Experiments prove that the pulse series property is stable and that the pulse parameters are perfect. The conveniently assembled laser lay a foundation for the industry application of multiple-electrode-pair CO2 laser.
A Cost Model for Ad Hoc Extended Cellular Systems (2004)

The use of ad hoc/multihop as an extension to the cellular system has been proposed in the literature as a candidate architecture for providing lower infrastructure costs. In this paper the base station and wireless relay density are used as the main measures for the infrastructure cost. An analytical expression is deduced for the relation between the base station and the wireless relay densities. It is shown that, under some circumstances, the same service can be provided to the end-user with a reduced base station density if wireless relays (routers) are used for multihopping, thus reducing the infrastructure cost. However, the base station density can not be made arbitrarily low due to the increase in the transport traffic and the well-known Shannon limit on the channel capacity.
Pathoadaptive Mutations in Salmonella enterica Isolated after Serial Passage in Mice (2013)

How pathogenic bacteria adapt and evolve in the complex and variable environment of the host remains a largely unresolved question. Here we have used whole genome sequencing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 populations serially passaged in mice to identify mutations that adapt bacteria to systemic growth in mice. We found unique pathoadaptive mutations in two global regulators, phoQ and stpA, which increase the competitive indexes of the bacteria 3- to 5-fold. Also, all mouse-adapted lineages had changed the orientation of the hin invertable element, resulting in production of a FliC type of flagellum. Competition experiments in mice with locked flagellum mutants showed that strains expressing the FliC type of flagellum had a 5-fold increase in competitive index as compared to those expressing FljB type flagellum. Combination of the flagellum cassette inversion with the stpA mutation increased competitive indexes up to 20-fold. These experiments show that Salmonella can rapidly adapt to a mouse environment by acquiring a few mutations of moderate individual effect that when combined confer substantial increases in growth.
Synthesis and photopolymerization of 1‐propenyl glycidyl ether (1994)

Abstract The ambifunctional monomer, 1‐propenyl glycidyl ether, was prepared from allyl glycidyl ether, by a ruthenium‐catalyzed isomerization reaction in high yield. 1‐Propenyl glycidyl ether undergoes facile photoinduced cationic polymerization to yield a crosslinked polymer. The structure of this polymer was studied using 1 H‐ and, 13 C‐NMR spectroscopies and employing well‐characterized related polymers as models. The model polymers were prepared by the cationic polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether with BF 3 OEt 2 followed by isomerization of the pendant allyl groups by a ruthenium catalyst. Subsequently, the resulting polyether‐bearing pendant 1‐propenyl ether groups was subjected to a diaryliodonium salt‐photoinitiated polymerization. A comparison of the spectra of the polymers indicated the presence of cyclic acetal units in the polymer backbone. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Le marquage des cellules bêta pancréatiques in vivo (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials—GPPAD‐02 study design and first results (2019)

Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intervention in genetically at-risk infants. The Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes (GPPAD) has established a screening program, GPPAD-02, that identifies infants with a genetic high risk of T1D, enrolls these into primary prevention trials, and follows the children for beta-cell autoantibodies and diabetes. Genetic testing is offered either at delivery, together with the regular newborn testing, or at a newborn health care visits before the age of 5 months in regions of Germany (Bavaria, Saxony, Lower Saxony), UK (Oxford), Poland (Warsaw), Belgium (Leuven), and Sweden (Region Skåne). Seven clinical centers will screen around 330 000 infants. Using a genetic score based on 46 T1D susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or three SNPS and a first-degree family history for T1D, infants with a high (>10%) genetic risk for developing multiple beta-cell autoantibodies by the age of 6 years are identified. Screening from October 2017 to December 2018 was performed in 50 669 infants. The prevalence of high genetic risk for T1D in these infants was 1.1%. Infants with high genetic risk for T1D are followed up and offered to participate in a randomized controlled trial aiming to prevent beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D by tolerance induction with oral insulin. The GPPAD-02 study provides a unique path to primary prevention of beta-cell autoimmunity in the general population. The eventual benefit to the community, if successful, will be a reduction in the number of children developing beta-cell autoimmunity and T1D.