gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P052 Heat shock protein GP96 is essential for maintaining intestinal epithelial architecture by supporting its self-renewal capacity (2019)

The intestinal epithelium is characterised by a remarkable self-renewal capacity and a high turnover of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), which emerge from intestinal stem cells (ISC). Defects in proliferation and differentiation of ISC into mature IEC result in impaired barrier function, which is linked with systemic diseases, such as fatty liver disease and diabetes. Glycoprotein (GP)96 is a master chaperone for cell surface receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), integrins and the Wnt co-receptors LRP5/6. Wnt signalling is essential for the maintenance of the ISC niche, thus we here investigated how deletion of GP96 specifically in IEC affects intestinal homeostasis. To study the role of GP96 in the intestinal epithelium, we used GP96-VillinCre-ERT2 mice which harbour a loxP flanked GP96 gene and Tamoxifen-inducible Cre expression specifically in IEC. To deplete GP96 from IEC, those mice were injected with Tamoxifen at five consecutive days (1 mg/day) and terminated on Day 5, 6, and 7 after the first dose to observe the changes in epithelial integrity over time. As a control, littermates with a loxP flanked GP96 gene without the VillinCre-ERT2 construct were injected with Tamoxifen. IEC-specific GP96 depletion resulted in rapid weight loss within 6 days after the first Tamoxifen injection. At Day 6, the intestine of GP96-VillinCre-ERT2 mice revealed visible signs of inflammation, characterised by a general shortening of the colon and the small intestine, as well as thickening of the colon wall observed by mouse endoscopy. Colon wall thickening was in sharp contrast to the transparent and fragile appearing small intestine and caecum wall. This was in line with a significant, successive reduction of IEC numbers upon depletion of GP96, as observed when harvesting IEC, and by histological analysis of small intestinal tissue sections. Additionally, the entire intestine was filled with bile-containing intestinal fluid, while solid food or faecal pellets were completely absent. Of interest, apoptosis was not affected upon GP96 depletion in IEC; however, proliferating cells as determined by Ki67 staining, at the crypt base were markedly reduced, indicating that loss of GP96 affects ISC proliferation/function. Our results underline the importance of GP96 in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal epithelial architecture. Elucidating molecular mechanisms that are decisive for the fate of the ISC niche will promote the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with barrier defects. Given the pronounced phenotype upon deletion of GP96 in IEC, it might serve as a promising novel therapeutic target in diseases involving intestinal barrier defects.
Parental Origin of the Deletion 22q11.2 and Brain Development in Velocardiofacial Syndrome (2015)

Background: As children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) develop, they are at increased risk for psychopathology; one third will eventually develop schizophrenia. Because VCFS and the concomitant symptomatology result from a known genetic origin, the biological and behavioral characteristics of the syndrome provide an optimal framework for conceptualizing the associations among genes, brain development, and behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the parental origin of the 22q11.2 microdeletion on the brain development of children and adolescents with VCFS. Methods: Eighteen persons with VCFS and 18 normal control subjects were matched individually for age and sex. Results of DNA polymorphism analyses determined the parental origin of the deletion. Nine persons with VCFS had a deletion on the maternally derived chromosome 22; 9 persons, on the paternally derived chromosome 22. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed to provide quantitative measures of gray and white matter brain tissue. Results: Total brain volume was approximately 11% smaller in the VCFS group than in controls. Comparisons between VCFS subgroups (maternal vs paternal microdeletion 22q11.2) indicated a significant 9% volumetric difference in total volume of cerebral gray matter (volume was greater in patients with paternal microdeletion) but not cerebral white matter. Significant age-related changes in gray matter were detected for subjects whose 22q11.2 deletion was on the maternal chromosome. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with VCFS experience major alterations in brain volumes. Significant reduction in gray matter development is attributable to presence of 22q11.2 microdeletion on the maternal chromosome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:64-68
Particle classification in Taylor vortex flow with an axial flow (2005)

Particle classification phenomenon in Taylor vortex flow with an axial flow was investigated experimentally and numerically. The flow-visualization experiment by a laser-induced fluorescence method clearly revealed that there existed two distinct mixing regions at low Reynolds numbers. The tracer near the vortex cell boundary was rapidly transported axially owing to the bypass flow effect. On the other hand, the fluid element was confined to the vortex core region without being exchanged with the outer flow region. In order to observe particle classification phenomenon, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) particles suspended in the same aqueous solution of glycerol as the working fluid were fed into the top of the apparatus. Particle size was initially ranging from 10 to 80 µm. The ratio of the particle density to the fluid density was 1.04–1.05, which means the density difference between particle and fluid is very small. The suspended solution was withdrawn using a hypodermic needle every a certain time period at 30 mm above the bottom of apparatus. The fluid was sampled both near the outer wall and in vortex core. The particles sampled at 42 min having the size of 20–50 µm were mainly observed in the vortex core region. On the other hand, a large population of particles having the size of about 50–80 µm could be seen in the outer region of vortex. It was found that large particles located near the outer edge of vortices were quickly transported axially owing to the bypass flow effect. Numerical simulation also revealed that the loci of particles depended on the particle size.
Isolation & Characterization of Plasmid from E. coli (1994)

Research Article| October 01 1994 Isolation & Characterization of Plasmid from E. coli Karl Schmidt, Karl Schmidt Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence C. Davis Lawrence C. Davis Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1994) 56 (7): 424–428. https://doi.org/10.2307/4449874 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Karl Schmidt, Lawrence C. Davis; Isolation & Characterization of Plasmid from E. coli. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1994; 56 (7): 424–428. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4449874 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1994 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
High-Dimensional Entanglement for Quantum Communication in the Frequency Domain (2022)

High-dimensional photonic entanglement is a promising candidate for error-protected quantum information processing with improved capacity. Encoding high-dimensional qudits in the carrier frequency of photons combines ease of generation, universal single-photon gates, and compatibility with fiber transmission for high-capacity quantum communication. Recent landmark experiments have impressively demonstrated quantum interference of a few frequency modes, yet the certification of massive-dimensional frequency entanglement has remained an open challenge. This study shows how to harness the large frequency-entanglement inherent in standard continuous-wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes. It further reports a record certification of discretized frequency entanglement, combined with a novel approach for certification that is both highly efficient and nonlocally implementable. This technique requires very few measurements and does not require assumptions on the state. The work opens the possibility for utilizing this encoding in quantum communications and in quantum information science in general.
Bimodal role of NADPH oxidases in the regulation of biglycan-triggered IL-1β synthesis (2015)

Biglycan, a ubiquitous proteoglycan, acts as a danger signal when released from the extracellular matrix. As such, biglycan triggers the synthesis and maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, TLR4-, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Here, we discovered that biglycan autonomously regulates the balance in IL-1β production in vitro and in vivo by modulating expression, activity and stability of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1, 2 and 4 enzymes via different TLR pathways. In primary murine macrophages, biglycan triggered NOX1/4-mediated ROS generation, thereby enhancing IL-1β expression. Surprisingly, biglycan inhibited IL-1β due to enhancement of NOX2 synthesis and activation, by selectively interacting with TLR4. Synthesis of NOX2 was mediated by adaptor molecule Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF). Via myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) as well as Rac1 activation and Erk phosphorylation, biglycan triggered translocation of the cytosolic NOX2 subunit p47(phox) to the plasma membrane, an obligatory step for NOX2 activation. In contrast, by engaging TLR2, soluble biglycan stimulated the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70, which bound to NOX2, and consequently impaired the inhibitory function of NOX2 on IL-1β expression. Notably, a genetic background lacking biglycan reduced HSP70 expression, rescued the enhanced renal IL-1β production and improved kidney function of Nox2(-/y) mice in a model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Here, we provide a novel mechanism where the danger molecule biglycan influences NOX2 synthesis and activation via different TLR pathways, thereby regulating inflammation severity. Thus, selective inhibition of biglycan-TLR2 or biglycan-TLR4 signaling could be a novel therapeutic approach in ROS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Effects of chronic endothelin-1 stimulation on cardiac myocyte contractile function (2004)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has acute positive inotropic effects, but consequences of chronically increased ET-1 on contractile function of cardiac myocytes are largely unknown. In the present study, effects of long-term treatment with ET-1 (10 nM) for 5 days on both force development [force of contraction (FOC)] and kinetics of contraction were determined in heart tissue reconstituted from rat cardiac cells. Isometric force was measured in response to cumulative concentrations of Ca(2+) and isoprenaline. ET-1 augmented basal FOC by 64 +/- 11% (P < 0.05), which was associated with a significantly blunted contractile response to Ca(2+) and isoprenaline. Moreover, ET-1 significantly prolonged relaxation (62 +/- 3 vs. 53 +/- 2 ms). Selective ET(A) (BQ-123) and ET(B) receptor blockade (BQ-788) demonstrated that effects of ET-1 on contractile function were mediated through the ET(A) receptor subtype. Effects of ET-1 were prevented by cotreatment with either Ro31-8425, a PKC inhibitor, or dimethylamiloride, an inhibitor of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. In contrast to long-term ET-1 treatment, no changes in contractile parameters were observed after ET-1 treatment for 3 h before force measurement. These data suggest that chronic ET-1 stimulation has dual effects on contractility: improvement of basal force but impairment of twitch kinetics and inotropic responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. The signaling pathways involved include ET(A) receptors, PKC, and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. The present in vitro findings raise the possibility that ET-1 may exert both adaptive and maladaptive effects in the failing myocardium in which local accumulation of ET-1 is present.
Plasminogen supports tumor growth through a fibrinogen-dependent mechanism linked to vascular patency (2003)

The growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was sustained in plasminogen-deficient mice when transplanted into the dorsal skin but was dramatically suppressed in another anatomic location, the footpad. This unanticipated negative effect of plasminogen deficiency on footpad tumor growth was entirely relieved by superimposing a deficit in fibrinogen. This finding was not simply an unusual feature of LLC tumors--T241 fibrosarcoma growth in the footpad was also restricted by plasminogen deficiency in a fibrinogen-dependent manner. The probable mechanistic basis for suppression of tumor growth was revealed through transmission electron microscopy studies of tumor tissues. Occlusive microvascular thrombi were commonplace within footpad tumors from plasminogen-deficient mice, whereas no such lesions were observed within either dorsal skin tumors from plasminogen-deficient mice or footpad tumors from mice that also lacked fibrinogen. The data infer that tumor growth in the footpad of plasminogen-deficient mice is compromised as a function of the formation and persistence of vaso-occlusive thrombi that limit tumor blood supply. These studies indicate that plasminogen and fibrinogen can serve as critical determinants of tumor growth, but their relative importance is dependent on the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, these studies suggest that one target of plasmin(ogen) relevant to tumor progression in vivo is intravascular fibrin.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Circulatory Disease from Exposure to Low-Level Ionizing Radiation and Estimates of Potential Population Mortality Risks (2012)

Our review supports an association between circulatory disease mortality and low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation. Our analysis was limited by heterogeneity among studies (particularly for noncardiac end points), the possibility of uncontrolled confounding in some occupational groups by lifestyle factors, and higher dose groups (> 0.5 Sv) generally driving the observed trends. If confirmed, our findings suggest that overall radiation-related mortality is about twice that currently estimated based on estimates for cancer end points alone (which range from 4.2% to 5.6%/Sv for these populations).
Recovery period after exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to sub-inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of rifampicin: clinical implications (1984)

The effects of rifampicin, at subinhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, were examined in the presence of and after the removal of the drug. After exposure to subinhibitory concentrations as low as one-tenth of the MIC an extended recovery period was observed. Incubation of exponential or stationary phase cultures for 30 min or 4 h with a bactericidal concentration also caused a significantly prolonged recovery period.
Evaluating Hydrophilic Acrylic Lenses (2002)

I take exception to the conclusion of the editorial about hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs): “… newer IOL materials such as hydrophilic acrylics may have potential problems. Continued analysis of these materials, as well as long-term follow-up of patients implanted with hydrophilic acrylic IOLs, is necessary….”1 Dr. Mamalis paints this highly varied group of hydrophilic acrylic lenses with a very broad brush stroke. Analysis of the material and physical differences in the lens optics of the acrylic polymers shows that all acrylics in use today are unique. It is simplistic, at best, to classify all these IOLs simply based on water content. Their physical material characteristics are much more complicated than that. Contact surface angle to water, polymer pore size, surface charge characteristics, and many other factors contribute to an IOL's performance in vivo. In the same issue as this editorial, Kato et al. report a serious and potentially visually disabling problem of glistenings in a particular hydrophobic acrylic IOL. Other recent articles have detailed photic phenomena such as edge glare and dark crescent syndrome within the hydrophobic IOLs. All too often, these lenses must be explanted. Hydrophobic IOL materials are, to say the least, not without their own problems. Clearly, the lesson to be learned at present is that all acrylic IOLs are relatively new and appear to provide a better alternative to all previously used materials. All products that we implant in eyes may have problems. We need to be eternally vigilant in regard to all the materials we implant. James E. Memmen MD aGreen Bay, Wisconsin, USA
Er- and Yb-doped Fiber Laser Frequency Combs and Their Applications (2007)

Progress in femtosecond fiber laser based frequency combs is reviewed. Recent examples of Er-fiber frequency combs with sub-Hz relative comb tooth linewidths and Yb-frequency combs with > 10 W average power will be discussed.
Characterization of atomic force microscopy and electrical probing techniques for IC metrology (1993)

A novel atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to image a microlithographic sample. The AFM operates in the non destructive non-contact mode, uses glass tips as opposed to tungsten or silicon, and has an optical interferometric detection system. Its estimated lateral resolution is under 10 nanometers and much better in the z direction. A sample consisting of chrome features on quartz was produced for measurements using AFM and electric probe techniques. The features are single and grouped lines on the order of 1 micrometers incorporated into an electric probe pad layout. Dimensions of these features are determined from the AFM images by relating their sizes in pixels to the excursions of the scanners during the formation of the images. These results are compared with measurements obtained through electric probing techniques.
Understanding Invert Forming of Thin-Walled Polyvinyl Chloride Tubes Using a Die Based on a Mechanical Flow Formulation (2009)

The design of sound metallic double-walled tubular parts by internal and external inversion using a die is presently well established. Major operating parameters are identified and the typical modes of deformation that can occur during the process are fully characterized. In contrast to metals, there are no practical design rules and no published research work in the specialized literature concerning the manufacture of double-walled polymer tubes by inversion. This article is concerned with the abovementioned lack of knowledge and is a contribution towards the application of existing metallic tube inversion technologies to polymers. The experimental research work makes use of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and the overall findings are interpreted in the light of an innovative extension of the flow formulation that is capable of modeling cold plastic deformation of pressure-sensitive materials under a non-associated flow rule. Emphasis is placed on the deformation mechanics of tube inversion applied to PVC and on the influence of the major operating parameters on the overall formability limits of the process. Results show that invert-forming of thin-walled PVC tubes using a die can be successfully utilized for producing custom and specific shapes at the tube ends.
Thermography spatial resolution enhancement by non-rigid registration with visible imagery (2015)

Over the last decade Carbon-Fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) have become increasingly important in industry and consumer oriented products due to their physical robustness and shape adaptivity. Defect localization and characterization is key to assuring the quality and durability of CFRPs. Active thermography has become an important non-invasive technology for the detection of hidden defects within CFRP materials. However current active thermographers exhibit resolutions of only up to 640 × 512 pixels, whereas visible spectrum imagers routinely have resolutions of 10 megapixels and higher. We therefore propose a fusion of active thermography and visible imagery data, capable of producing higher-resolution thermography images based on the physical boundaries in the visible domain. Our approach handles the disparity between the two imagers without the need for stereo or individual calibration.
Computer Solutions to Heat and Diffraction Equations in High Energy Laser Windows. Volume II. (1976)

Abstract : To quantify the effects of thermal lensing, an efficient computer program package was developed and programmed to run on a CDC6600 computer. The package was written to handle Gussian-shaped beams incident on either a thin disc- or annular-shaped cylindrical window. Three coupled programs make up the package: TEMP5, which solves the full heat transport equation within the window for any given set of initial and boundary conditions on each surface; TIKIRK, which solves the vector Kirchhoff diffraction integrals for the beam transmitted to the far field; and DISPLAY, which plots these temperatures and/or intensities in a variety of ways, including three-dimensional perspective views.
Modeling and Controller Design for Enhanced Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor Performance (2021)

Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) have shown promising preclinical results by eliciting immunomodulatory effects to alleviate pathology. To obtain adequate MSC dosages for clinical use, culture expansion is needed. This process is dependent on maintaining proper levels of nutrients. Current systems rely on human intervention for nutrient measurement and regulation. Therefore, there is great potential for reducing errors through modeling and automatic control. This letter contributes to this effort by outlining a new control-centric model for hollow-fiber systems which estimates concentrations along the fibers from measurements at the input and output only. Finally, we design a feedback control system based on the model and observations which accounts for the unique constraints imposed by the bioreactor, sensors and pumps.
A Viscoelastic Constitutive Materials Model For Glass Sealing. (2014)

Abstract not provided.