gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a novel inactivated Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in pigs against experimental infection and under field conditions (2019)

The efficacy of a novel inactivated Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine, Porcilis® Lawsonia, was compared to that of a commercially available live attenuated vaccine in three experimental vaccination-challenge studies in pigs. The efficacy of the new vaccine was further tested under field conditions on a farm with a history of acute ileitis. The novel inactivated vaccine consists of a freeze-dried antigen fraction that is dissolved just prior to use in either the adjuvant or in Porcilis® PCV M Hyo; an existing combination vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. The three experimental vaccination-challenge trials had a similar design and for each trial 75 piglets were used, randomly allotted to three groups of 25 piglets. The pigs were vaccinated at 4 or 5 weeks of age with either Porcilis® Lawsonia in adjuvant or in associated mixed use with Porcilis® PCV M Hyo (group 1), with the live vaccine (group 2), or left as unvaccinated controls (group 3). The pigs were challenged with virulent Lawsonia intracellularis 3, 4 or 17 weeks after vaccination. Post-challenge the pigs were evaluated for clinical signs, average daily weight gain, shedding and macroscopic as well as microscopic immuno-histological ileum lesion scores. In the field study, the mortality and key performance parameters were evaluated over a period of 8 months. The results of all three experimental vaccination-challenge trials showed that Porcilis® Lawsonia induced statistically significant protection against experimental Lawsonia intracellularis infection. This was demonstrated by lower clinical scores, improved weight gain, reduction of Lawsonia intracellularis shedding and reduction of macroscopic as well as microscopic ileum lesion scores when compared to the controls. The protection induced was superior to that of the commercially available live vaccine. In the field study, Porcilis® Lawsonia proved to be highly efficacious; reducing Lawsonia associated mortality to zero and improving key production parameters.
Surface plasmon coupling dynamics in InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures and radiative efficiency improvement (2014)

Surface plasmonics from metal nanoparticles have been demonstrated as an effective way of improving the performance of low-efficiency light emitters. However, reducing the inherent losses of the metal nanoparticles remains a challenge. Here we study the enhancement properties by Ag nanoparticles for InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures. By using a thin SiN dielectric layer between Ag and GaN we manage to modify and improve surface plasmon coupling effects, and we attribute this to the improved scattering of the nanoparticles at the quantum-well emission wavelength. The results are interpreted using numerical simulations, where absorption and scattering cross-sections are studied for different sized particles on GaN and GaN/SiN substrates.
Metaphors We Live By (2003)

1. Make a list of some of the metaphors discussed by Lakoff and Johnson. Try inserting new words that convey a different meaning. For example, consider the expression, “I’d like to share some time with you ” rather than “spend some time with you.” 2. Make a list of “language asymmetries ” (see Part II, p. XX, and Reading 12 for definitions) and consider what underlying cultural values these asymmetries indicate. 3. Consider the use of the masculine he or man to refer to all people. Some people say that this “generic use ” is perfectly acceptable because the terms “imply ” women as well as men. Others argue that the term not only leaves out half the population but also perpetuates an image of women as “auxiliary”and men as “central.”Discuss this. 4. Discuss the cultural practice of women taking men’s names when they marry. What cultural values does this practice convey? 5. Keep track of all the “medicalized ” terms you hear for a few days (for example, erectile dysfunction, hyperkinesis). Try substituting more common terms and see if you think about the “problem ” differently. For example, clinically depressed versus tired and really burnt out. Do these problems seem more real or authentic with the use of some terms rather than others?
Duped by dumping syndrome: Non-Endemic Vibrio cholerae bacteremia in an immunocompetent host with gastric bypass surgery, a case report (2022)

Extra-intestinal infection with non-O1/non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) is rare, though bacteremia and hepatobiliary manifestations have been reported. Reduced stomach acid, or hypochlorhydria, can increase risk of V. cholerae infection. We describe a 42-year-old woman with hypochlorhydria due to untreated Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric-bypass surgery, and chronic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) exposure, who developed acute diarrhea following raw oyster consumption. Her symptoms were attributed to dumping syndrome after a negative limited stool work-up. She had persistent diarrhea, weight loss, and after five months was admitted with acute cholecystitis and NOVC bacteremia, requiring cholecystectomy. This is the first reported case of NOVC bacteremia and cholecystitis in a patient with gastric bypass. This case highlights the role of hypochlorhydria as a risk factor for Vibrio infection and the importance of excluding infectious diarrhea in patients with new onset of symptoms compatible with dumping syndrome and a relevant travel history.
Detecting access anomalies in programs with critical sections (1991)

ThE paper presents an efficient on-the-fly method for detecting access anomalies in programs that contain critical section coordinw tion.For a large class of programs, a single execution instance is sufficient to determine theexistence of an acceeaanomaly for a given input when the proposed method is used.In contrast, for the same class of programs, previous on-the-fly methods for handling critical sections can fail to detect anomalies for a given input, and can require N! execution instances to find an anomaly, where N is the degree of parallelism.An algorithm for statically determining which programs are in this class is described.
A Statistical Approach to the Development of Progress Plans Utilizing Bayesian Methods and Expert Judgment (2011)

Abstract : The development of progress plans for each identified technical performance parameter (TPP) is a critical element of technical performance measurement. The measured values of TPPs are referred to as technical performance measures (TPMs). These terms are used interchangeably; however, TPMs more directly reflect how technical progress and technical risk are measured and evaluated. Progress plans, or planned performance profiles, are crucial to effective risk assessment; however, methods for developing these plans are subjective in nature, have no statistical basis or criteria as a rule, and are not sufficiently addressed in literature. The methodology proposed herein for progress plan development will involve the elicitation of expert judgments to formulate probability distributions that reflect the expected values/estimates used to establish progress plans.
Combining Deep Learning and Prior Knowledge for Crop Mapping in Tropical Regions from Multitemporal SAR Image Sequences (2019)

Accurate crop type identification and crop area estimation from remote sensing data in tropical regions are still considered challenging tasks. The more favorable weather conditions, in comparison to the characteristic conditions of temperate regions, permit higher flexibility in land use, planning, and management, which implies complex crop dynamics. Moreover, the frequent cloud cover prevents the use of optical data during large periods of the year, making SAR data an attractive alternative for crop mapping in tropical regions. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Deep Learning (DL) techniques for crop recognition from multi-date SAR images from tropical regions. Three DL strategies are investigated: autoencoders, convolutional neural networks, and fully-convolutional networks. The paper further proposes a post-classification technique to enforce prior knowledge about crop dynamics in the target area. Experiments conducted on a Sentinel-1 multitemporal sequence of a tropical region in Brazil reveal the pros and cons of the tested methods. In our experiments, the proposed crop dynamics model was able to correct up to 16.5% of classification errors and managed to improve the performance up to 3.2% and 8.7% in terms of overall accuracy and average F1-score, respectively.
Distorted manganese cubane [Mn4O3Cl]6+ complexes with arenecarboxylate ligation: crystallographic, magnetochemical, and spectroscopic characterization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistorted manganese cubane [Mn4O3Cl]6+ complexes with arenecarboxylate ligation: crystallographic, magnetochemical, and spectroscopic characterizationMichael W. Wemple, Hui Lien Tsai, Kirsten Folting, David N. Hendrickson, and George ChristouCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 10, 2025–2031Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00062a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00062a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
CEJVM: "cluster enabled Java Virtual Machine" (2003)

CEJVM is a cluster enabled Java Virtual Machine, which executes in a distributed fashion among collaborating nodes of a dedicated cluster. It extends Java's multithreading mechanism to the parallel computing paradigm by transparent migration of independent application threads modeled in master worker paradigm. The goal is to obtain improved performance for computationally-intensive multi-threaded Java programs without modifying traditional JVM code, Java language or compiler implementation. Deploying a master worker relationship among the nodes in the cluster, CEJVM monitors, packs, transports and resurrects the Java threads on "Master JVM" and helper "Worker JVMs". Currently, we have created a prototype that runs pure Java applications on the local Ethernet based cluster of Win2K computers. We have achieved appreciable speedup for an ANN training program written in Java (with independent threads) on CEJVM without any modification to the program's source code.
Electro-optic beam deflection based on a lithium niobate waveguide with microstructured serrated electrodes (2016)

We report on electro-optic beam deflection using an annealed proton exchange waveguide in lithium niobate (LN) with microstructured serrated array electrodes. Due to the electro-optic effect of the LN material, the experimental results show that the beam deflection and modulation of the LN waveguide can be realized with relatively low voltages. The total length of the serrated prism array electrodes structure is ∼5 mm. With 20 V applied to the electrodes of 50, 100, and 150 μm wide waveguides, ∼1.28, ∼0.96, and ∼0.64 μm beam deflections were obtained, respectively, which are in accordance with theoretical simulation. This configuration can be potentially applied in optical beam scanning, high-speed switches, and optical beam smoothing technology.
Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor Potentiates Lordosis Behavior in Hypophysectomized Ovariectomized Female Rats (1973)

Subcutaneous injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) in estrogen-primed hypophysectomized, ovariectomized female rats facilitates the appearance of the lordosis response. The LRF effect on lordosis was seen 90, 180, and 360 minutes after injection. This effect could help to synchronize the female's mating behavior with the ovulatory discharge of luteinizing hormone.
2 μm Dual-Comb Generation by Modulation Instability for Spectroscopic Applications (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a new way of converting frequency combs in a highly nonlinear fiber. Using fourth order modulation instability, we converted around 2 µm an electro-optic modulated dual-comb setup to perform spectroscopy.
Disk array systems (2003)

A description is given of the Strategy 2 Architecture, which consists of a control processor, a large data buffer, direct memory access controllers, disk drive control interfaces, a high-speed FIFO (first-in first-out) interface, and a data-flow processor for data reconstruction and parity. Strategy 2 is an intelligent controller capable of storing and retrieving data from multiple banks of four or eight standard, SMD- or ESDI-type rigid disk drives in parallel. The Strategy 2 supports up to four parallel high-speed data channels, up to four command channels for multihost configurations, and the serial maintenance port (RS232) which is used to initiate maintenance commands and diagnostics and to monitor system status.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
StrigoQuant: A genetically encoded biosensor for quantifying strigolactone activity and specificity (2016)

Strigolactones are key regulators of plant development and interaction with symbiotic fungi; however, quantitative tools for strigolactone signaling analysis are lacking. We introduce a genetically encoded hormone biosensor used to analyze strigolactone-mediated processes, including the study of the components involved in the hormone perception/signaling complex and the structural specificity and sensitivity of natural and synthetic strigolactones in <i>Arabidopsis</i>, providing quantitative insights into the stereoselectivity of strigolactone perception. Given the high specificity, sensitivity, dynamic range of activity, modular construction, ease of implementation, and wide applicability, the biosensor StrigoQuant will be useful in unraveling multiple levels of strigolactone metabolic and signaling networks.
The Synthesis and Directed Chlorination of 2,2-Difluorobutane (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Directed Chlorination of 2,2-DifluorobutaneAlbert L. Henne and James B. HinkampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 7, 1194–1197Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01223a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01223a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decarboxylative sp3 C–N Coupling via Dual Copper/Photoredox Catalysis (2018)

Over the last three decades, significant progress has been made in the development of methods to construct sp2 C–N bonds using palladium, copper, or nickel catalysis. However, the incorporation of alkyl substrates to form sp3 C–N bonds remains one of the major challenges in the field of cross-coupling chemistry. Here, we demonstrate that the synergistic combination of copper catalysis and photoredox catalysis can provide a general platform to address this long-standing challenge. This novel cross-coupling system employs naturally abundant alkyl carboxylic acids and commercially available N-nucleophiles as coupling partners, and is applicable to a wide variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl carboxylic acids (via in situ iodonium activation). At the same time, a vast array of N-nucleophiles, including N-heterocycles, amides, sulfonamides, and anilines, can undergo C–N coupling to provide N-alkyl products in good to excellent efficiency at room temperature and in short order (5 minutes to 1 hour). We have also demonstrated that this C–N coupling protocol can be applied to substrates bearing multiple amines with high regioselectivity, as well as complex drug molecules, enabling the rapid construction of molecular complexity and the late stage functionalization of bioactive pharmaceuticals.
Measurement of Ion Energy Distributions Produced within an NSTAR Discharge Chamber (2004)

*† Measurements are presented of ion energy distributions produced within a prototype NSTAR discharge chamber as a function of its operational parameters. The goal of this effort is to document the ion energy distribution characteristics and determine features that could cause rapid sputter erosion of discharge chamber components. Ion energy distributions were measured with a Comstock model AC-901 electrostatic analyzer (ESA) that was located outside of the discharge chamber and sighted through a slit that was cut in the side of the anode and along a diameter across the pseudo-screen grid. Important results are that, at some locations within the discharge chamber at high discharge current operating conditions, high energy ion groups (with drift energies of order 100 eV that are separate and distinct from groups at the discharge energy) can be produced that would cause rapid sputter erosion to most discharge chamber thruster components comprised of molybdenum, stainless steel, tantalum, and tungsten. Under nominal operating conditions, no significant high-energy groups (separate from the discharge ion signal) are detected. However, high energy tails on the discharge ion signal are detected that display effective temperatures of order 10 eV. An additional result is that the discharge ion signal appears to be Maxwellian and ion temperatures of 3 to 4 eV have been measured. In some situations, the discharge ion signal is much stronger than high energy ion groups present to the extent that the discharge ion group tail would cause more sputter erosion than the high energy group (at the location of the ESA).
Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Prevalence of Serogroups of Escherichia coli Known to Carry Shiga Toxin Genes in Feces of Finisher Pigs (2020)

Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are major foodborne pathogens and seven serogroups, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, that account for the majority of the STEC-associated illness in humans. Similar to cattle, swine also harbor STEC and shed them in the feces and can be a source of human STEC infections. Information on the prevalence of STEC in swine feces is limited. Therefore, our objective was to utilize polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to determine prevalence of major virulence genes and serogroups of STEC. Fecal samples (<i>n</i> = 598), collected from finisher pigs within 3 weeks before marketing in 10 pig flows located in 8 states, were included in the study. Samples enriched in <i>E. coli</i> broth were subjected to a real-time PCR assay targeting three virulence genes, Shiga toxin 1 (<i>stx</i>1), Shiga toxin 2 (<i>stx</i>2), and intimin (<i>eae</i>), which encode for Shiga toxins 1 and 2, and intimin, respectively. A novel PCR assay was designed and validated to detect serogroups, O8, O20, O59, O86, O91, O100, O120, and O174, previously reported to be commonly present in swine feces. In addition, enriched fecal samples positive for Shiga toxin genes were subjected to a multiplex PCR assay targeting O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O121, O145, and O157 serogroups implicated in human clinical infections. Of the 598 fecal samples tested by real-time PCR, 25.9%, 65.1%, and 67% were positive for <i>stx</i>1, <i>stx</i>2, and <i>eae</i>, respectively. The novel eight-plex PCR assay indicated the predominant prevalence of O8 (88.6%), O86 (35.5%), O174 (24.1%), O100 (20.2%), and O91 (15.6%) serogroups. Among the seven serogroups relevant to human infections, three serogroups, O121 (17.6%), O157 (14%), and O26 (11%) were predominant. PCR-based detection indicated high prevalence of Shiga toxin genes and serogroups that are known to carry Shiga toxin genes, including serogroups commonly prevalent in cattle feces and implicated in human infections and in edema disease in swine.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ALLYL ETHER AS A PROTECTING GROUP IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY PART 7, THE 2‐O‐ALLYL‐GROUP AS A NON‐PARTICIPANT IN 1,2‐CIS‐GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIS (1975)

Abstract Die Isopropylidengruppe des aus dem Galaktosid (Ia) erhältlichen Äthers (Ib) wird unter Bildung von (Ic) abgespalten; die freien OH‐Gruppen von (Ic) werden benzyliert, und die 2‐O‐Butenylgruppe der erhaltenen Verbindung (IIa) wird mittels K‐tert.‐ butylat/DMSO unter Bildung von (IIb) entfernt.
F-ratio Client-Dependent Normalisation for Biometric Authentication Tasks (2006)

The paper investigates a new client-dependent normalisation to improve biometric authentication systems. There exist many client-dependent score normalisation techniques, such as Z-Norm, D-Norm and T-Norm, that are applied to speaker authentication. Such normalisation is intended to adjust the variation across different client models. We propose "F-ratio" normalisation, or F-Norm, applied to face and speaker authentication systems. This normalisation requires only that as few as two client-dependent accesses are available (the more the better). Different from previous normalisation techniques, F-Norm considers the client and impostor distributions simultaneously. We show that F-ratio is a natural choice because it is directly associated to equal error rate. It has the effect of centering the client and impostor distributions such that a global threshold can be easily found. Another difference is that F-Norm actually "interpolates" between client-independent and client-dependent information by introducing a mixture parameter. This parameter can be optimised to maximise the class dispersion (the degree of separability between client and impostor distributions) while the aforementioned normalisation techniques cannot. The results of 13 unimodal experiments carried out on the XM2VTS multimodal database show that such normalisation is advantageous over Z-Norm, client-dependent threshold normalisation or no normalisation.