gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information theoretic clustering for unsupervised domain-adaptation (2016)

The aim of the domain-adaptation task for speaker verification is to exploit unlabelled target domain data by using the labelled source domain data effectively. The i-vector based Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) framework approaches this task by clustering the target domain data and using each cluster as a unique speaker to estimate PLDA model parameters. These parameters are then combined with the PLDA parameters from the source domain. Typically, agglomerative clustering with cosine distance measure is used. In tasks such as speaker diarization that also require unsupervised clustering of speakers, information-theoretic clustering measures have been shown to be effective. In this paper, we employ the Information Bottleneck (IB) clustering technique to find speaker clusters in the target domain data. This is achieved by optimizing the IB criterion that minimizes the information loss during the clustering process. The greedy optimization of the IB criterion involves agglomerative clustering using the Jensen-Shannon divergence as the distance metric. Our experiments in the domain-adaptation task indicate that the proposed system outperforms the baseline by about 14% relative in terms of equal error rate.
Abstract 2929: Radiosensitization of head and neck cancer by FGFR inhibition (2019)

Objective:Fibroblast growth factor receptors are frequently amplified or overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We assessed the potential of a selective FGFR-kinase inhibitor, AZD4547, to act as a radiosensitizer in head and neck cancer cell lines and xenografts.Methods:A panel of head and neck cancer (n=10) and normal oral mucosa (HTE) cell lines were screened for FGFR1, 2, and 3 gene copy number, RNA expression, and protein. Sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547, alone or in combination with radiation, was assessed using proliferation and clonogenic survival assays. Putative mechanisms of radiosensitization were investigated by immunoblot and by assessing for DNA repair capacity, cell cycle effects, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Tumor response of cell line xenografts and patient derived xenografts was assessed in vivo.Results:Cells demonstrated varying responses to FGFR inhibition but this did not correlate with FGFR gene copy number, mRNA expression, or protein expression. Three cell lines which responded to AZD4547 alone (CCL30, Tu-138, and SCC6) were selected for further investigation. TU-138 and CCL30 featured high FGFR expression and were radiosensitized by AZD4547 in vitro. SCC6 was not. Cell lines which were insensitive to FGFR inhibition (including HTE) did not demonstrate radiosensitization by AZD4547. In the sensitive cell lines, enhanced p-MAPK inhibition was seen in a time-dependent manner following drug treatment. When added to radiation, AZD4547 resulted in increased apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence but did not alter the kinetics of DNA repair as assessed by resolution of gH2AX foci. No difference in the cell cycle distribution for irradiated cells treated with or without the addition of AZD4547 was seen. Treatment of two in vivo tumor xenografts with AZD4547 and radiation showed significant delay in tumor growth compared to treatment with radiation or drug alone.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that AZD4547 can augment the response of FGFR expressing HNSCC to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Improved approaches to identify tumors most likely to benefit from FGFR inhibition could enable the selection of patients for combination therapy and has the potential to improve outcomes in these difficult to treat cancers.Citation Format: Gopika SenthilKumar, Margot Miller, Michael Fisher, Sean Brennan, Saakshi Kaushik, Lindsey Able, Paul M. Harari, Gopal Iyer, Randall J. Kimple, Andrew M. Baschnagel. Radiosensitization of head and neck cancer by FGFR inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2929.
Projected Newton Methods for Optimization Problems with Simple Constraints (1982)

Abstract. We consider the problem min {f(x)\\x 201, and propose algorithms of the form xk+, = [xt-akDkvf(xk)]+, where [.I+ denotes projection on the positive orthant, ak is a stepsize chosen by an Armijo-like rule and Dk is a positive definite symmetric matrix which is partly diagonal. We show that Dk can be calculated simply on the basis of second derivatives off so that the resulting Newton-like algorithm has a typically superlinear rate of convergence. With other choices of Dk convergence at a typically linear rate is obtained. The algorithms are almost as simple as their unconstrained counterparts. They are well suited for problems of large dimension such as those arising in optimal control while being competitive with existing methods for low-dimensional problems. The effectiveness of the Newton-like algorithm is demonstrated via computational examples involving as many as 10,000 variables. Extensions to general linearly constrained problems are also provided. These extensions utilize a notion of an active generalized rectangle patterned after the notion of an active manifold used in manifold suboptimization methods. By contrast with these methods, many constraints can be added or subtracted from the binding set at each iteration without the need to solve a quadratic programming problem. 1. Introduction. We
Library 2.0: catalyst for library users. (2008)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a view of the state of library 2.0 issues and implications for the use of technology. This paper offers an overview of library 2.0 as a tool and driving force for today’s learning scenario, This paper looks at resources related to what has become know as library 2.0 practices and services: focused on technology collaboration, social networking tools, visualization among others.
The effect of aged erythrocytes and erythrocyte-derived microparticles on lymphomatous and healthy B cells (2015)

Allogeneic blood transfusions have been associated with an increased risk of B cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Stored erythrocytes undergo a number of age-related changes, including the release of bioactive membrane vesicles known as microparticles, which are believed to contribute to the complications of transfusion. The aim was to determine the effects of aged erythrocytes and erythrocyte-derived microparticles on lymphomatous and healthy B cell activity, in order to explain their potential role in NHL pathogenesis. Treatment with erythrocytes, although not microparticles, enhanced the proliferation of NHL-derived B cells in vitro, as assessed using a BrdU incorporation assay, and by flow cytometric analyses of cell division. Additionally, proliferation of healthy B cells within a population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was increased by culture with erythrocytes, an effect that appeared to be independent of interactions with T helper cells. Our findings suggest that aged erythrocytes, rather than microparticles, may be important mediators of B cell reactions to stored transfusion products. In particular, the ability of aged erythrocytes to drive B cell proliferation may represent a novel mechanism by which transfusion of stored blood promotes NHL progression. Further research will be necessary to establish the clinical significance of this finding, and to more clearly define the role of B cells in transfusion-related immunomodulation.
Association of orexin receptor polymorphisms with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (2015)

Objectives: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a common side effect of treatment with antipsychotics such as clozapine and olanzapine. The orexin gene and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus and have been associated with maintenance of energy homeostasis. In this study, we have analysed tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in orexin receptors 1 and 2 (HCRTR1 and HCRTR2) for association with AIWG. Methods: Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder subjects (n = 218), treated mostly with clozapine and olanzapine for up to 14 weeks, were included. Replication was conducted in a subset of CATIE samples (n = 122) treated with either olanzapine or risperidone for up to 190 days. Association between SNPs and AIWG was assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline weight and duration of treatment as covariates. Results: Several SNPs in HCRTR2 were nominally associated with AIWG in patients of European ancestry treated with either clozapine or olanzapine (P<0.05). In the replication analysis two SNPs rs3134701 (P = 0.043) and rs12662510 (P = 0.012) were nominally associated with AIWG. None of the SNPs in HCRTR1 were associated with AIWG. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the role of HCRTR2 in AIWG. However, these results need to be confirmed in large study samples.
Seed localization in Ultrasound and Registration to C-Arm Fluoroscopy Using Matched Needle Tracks for Prostate Brachytherapy (2012)

We propose a novel fiducial-free approach for the registration of C-arm fluoroscopy to 3-D ultrasound images of prostate brachytherapy implants to enable dosimetry. The approach involves the reliable detection of a subset of radioactive seeds from 3-D ultrasound, and the use of needle tracks in both ultrasound and fluoroscopy for registration. Seed detection in ultrasound is achieved through template matching in 3-D radio frequency ultrasound signals, followed by thresholding and spatial filtering. The resulting subset of seeds is registered to the complete reconstruction of the brachytherapy implant from multiple C-arm fluoroscopy views. To compensate for the deformation caused by the ultrasound probe, simulated warping is applied to the seed cloud from fluoroscopy. The magnitude of the applied warping is optimized within the registration process. The registration is performed in two stages. First, the needle track projections from fluoroscopy and ultrasound are matched. Only the seeds in the matched needles are then used as fiducials for point-based registration. We report results from a physical phantom with a realistic implant (average postregistration seed distance of 1.6 ± 1.2 mm) and from five clinical patient datasets (average error: 2.8 ± 1.5 mm over 128 detected seeds). We conclude that it is feasible to use RF ultrasound data, template matching, and spatial filtering to detect a reliable subset of brachytherapy seeds from ultrasound to enable registration to fluoroscopy for dosimetry.
Development of a genetically engineered mouse model of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas with the conditional expression of <i>GNAS<sup>R201H</sup></i> (2016)

本稿では膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍（IPMN）の臨床病理学的徴候，遺伝子異常，及び遺伝子改変マウスモデル（GEMM）についての現時点での知見を解説する．IPMNは粘液を入れた膵管拡張を主徴とする嚢胞性腫瘍で，硬く浸潤性の腫瘍を作る膵管癌とは異なる特徴を有する．一方で，IPMNは膵管癌の前駆病変に相当することも知られている．IPMNでは刺激性G蛋白αサブユニットをエンコードするGNASおよびKirsteinラット肉腫ウィルス癌遺伝子ホモログ産物をエンコードするKRASに高頻度の体細胞性変異を認める．我々は変異GNAS，変異KrasをPtf1a-Cre依存的に膵臓において発現するGEMMを開発した．このモデルは拡張膵管内に乳頭状上皮増生をみる多発嚢胞性腫瘍を生じ，ヒトIPMNとよく類似していた．このモデルはIPMN発生進展の分子機序の解明と効果的な診療法開発に寄与するものと期待される．
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Korean patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 6 (2013)

The epidemiology and treatment response of patients infected with genotype 6 HCV differed significantly from those with genotypes 1 or 2, warranting continuous monitoring.
NMR Methods Applied to Anisotropic Diffusion (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palmar Plate Fixation of AO Type C2 Fracture of Distal Radius Using a Locking Compression Plate –A Biomechanical Study in a Cadaveric Model (2003)

The stability of palmar plate fixation using a locking compression T-plate was compared with that of a conventional palmar T-plate and a dorsal T-plate in a cadaveric model of an AO type C2 fracture of distal radius. The wrist axial load transmission through the radius was tested for each fixation. The results show that, under 100N axial load, the palmar locking compression T-plate restores stability comparable to that of the intact radius, and is superior to conventional palmar or dorsal T-plates.
A comparison of MAC protocols for wireless local networks based on battery power consumption (2002)

Energy efficiency is an important issue in mobile wireless networks since the battery life of mobile terminals is limited. Conservation of battery power has been addressed using many techniques. This paper addresses energy efficiency in medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless networks. The paper develops a framework to study the energy consumption of a MAC protocol from the transceiver usage perspective. This framework is then applied to compare the performance of a set of protocols that includes IEEE 802.11, energy-conserving MAC (EC-MAC), PRMA, multiservices dynamic reservation-TDMA (MDR-TDMA), and distributed-queueing request update multiple access (DQRUMA). The performance metrics considered are transmitter and receiver usage times for packet transmission and reception. The analysis here shows that protocols that aim to reduce the number of contentions perform better from a energy consumption perspective. The receiver usage time, however; tends to be higher for protocols that require the mobile to sense the medium before attempting transmission.
Formation of Anionic Peptide Radicals In Vacuo (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the formation of radical anionic peptides [M - 2H]*- through a one-electron transfer mechanism upon low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) of gas-phase singly charged [Mn(III)(salen)(M - 2H)]*- complex ions [where salen is N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato) and M is an angiotensin III derivative]. The types of fragment ions formed from [M - 2H]*- share some similarities with those from the cationic radical peptides M*+ and [M + H]*2+, but differ significantly from those of the corresponding deprotonated peptides [M - H]-. Fragmentation of [M - 2H]*- radical anionic angiotensin III derivatives leads preferentially to product ions of side-chain cleavage of amino acid residues, z-type and minor x-type fragment ions, most of which are types rarely observed in low-energy CID spectra of deprotonated analogs. The degree of competitive dissociation of the complexes is highly dependent on the nature of the substituted salen derivatives. The yields of anionic peptide radicals were enhanced to the greatest extent when electron withdrawing groups were positioned at the 5 and 5' positions, but the effect was rather modest when such groups resided at the 3 and 3' positions. Substituting a cyclohexyl unit of a salen with phenyl or naphthyl moieties at the 8 and 8' positions also facilitated electron-transfer pathways.
Spectral image reconstruction using an edge preserving spatio-spectral Wiener estimation (2009)

Reconstruction of spectral images from camera responses is investigated using an edge preserving spatio-spectral Wiener estimation. A Wiener denoising filter and a spectral reconstruction Wiener filter are combined into a single spatio-spectral filter using local propagation of the noise covariance matrix. To preserve edges the local mean and covariance matrix of camera responses is estimated by bilateral weighting of neighboring pixels. We derive the edge-preserving spatio-spectral Wiener estimation by means of Bayesian inference and show that it fades into the standard Wiener reflectance estimation shifted by a constant reflectance in case of vanishing noise. Simulation experiments conducted on a six-channel camera system and on multispectral test images show the performance of the filter, especially for edge regions. A test implementation of the method is provided as a MATLAB script at the first author's website.
C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to antigen‐induced pulmonary eosinophilia than BALB/c mice, irrespective of systemic T helper 1/T helper 2 responses (1999)

Inflammatory response differences between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice following ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and a single challenge were investigated. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 levels were higher in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice. In contrast, IgG2a levels in C57BL/6 mice were lower than in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the number of eosinophils infiltrating into lungs in C57BL/6 mice was significantly higher than in BALB/c mice after OVA challenge. The levels of the T helper 2 (Th2)-type cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, generated in challenged C57BL/6 lung tissue, were also higher than in BALB/c lung tissue. The participation of IL-4 and IL-5 in the induction of eosinophil infiltration into the lungs was confirmed in both strains of mice by injection of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, following OVA stimulation, in vitro IL-4 and IL-5 production in splenocyte cultures from C57BL/6 mice was lower than in splenocyte cultures from BALB/c mice. These results indicate that C57BL/6 mice induce Th2-type responses in the lungs, while BALB/c mice induce T helper 1 (Th1)-type responses in the lungs, despite considerable production of IL-4 and IL-5 from splenocytes. Therefore, local immune responses are more important in the induction of allergic inflammation in the lungs and are different from systemic immune responses, which are thought to depend on genetic background.
Global Reinsurance Masterclass. Strategic reinsurance relationships: Imagining the future; Stay ahead in the reinsurance game through scenario planning (2014)

This Masterclass is designed to help reinsurers take control of their future through the foresight technique of scenario planning. This practical managerial tool enables companies in the field of risk management to assess any external uncertainties and develop strategies in accordance.
Exploring Automatically Generated Platforms in High Performance FPGAs (2016)

Incorporating FPGA-based acceleration in high performance systems demands efficient generation of complete system architecture with multiple accelerators, memory hierarchies, bus structures and interfaces. In this work we explore a set of heuristics for complete system generation, with the objective of developing automatable methodology for system level architectural exploration and generation. Our experimental analysis on two test cases demonstrates that applying a set of system optimization heuristics incrementally on a baseline system configuration, we can converge to efficient system designs and reach target performance.
Synthese und Circulardichroismus optisch aktiver Carotinoidmodelle (1982)

Synthesis and Circular Dichroism of Optically Active Carotenoid Models The synthesis of the following optically active carotenoidic model compounds are described: (—)‐(3, S ,3′ S )‐3,3′‐diisopropenyl‐16,17,18,16′,17,18′‐hexanor‐β,β‐carotene ( 1 ), (3 R ,3′ R )‐19,20,19′,20′‐Metranor‐zeaxanthin ( 2 ) and (6 R ,6′ R )‐19,20, 19′,20′‐tetranor‐ε,ε‐carotene ( 3 ). These compounds were synthesized for the following reasons: ( 1 ) the presence of methyl groups at C(1), C(1′), C(5), C(5′) of cyclic carotenoids profoundly affects the torsional angle of the C(6), C(7)‐ and C(6′), C(7′)‐bonds. Sign and magnitude of this angle are, according to recent theories [4] [5], responsible for a helical chromophore and for strong conservative [4] Cotton effects. CD. measurements of 1 give experimental support to these state‐ 1 exhibits weaker and less temperature dependent Cotton effects. Of more significance, the shape of the curve is no longer conservative, as expected. This constitutes experimental evidence for the contention that the β‐endgroups and the polyene chain indeed form an inherently dissymmetric chromophore in optically active β, β‐carotene derivatives; ( 2 ) the slightly S‐shaped form of the polyene chain of carotenoids, shown by X‐ray analyses [12] [13], is mainly ascribed to the presence of the methyl groups in the chain. Models 2 and 3 therefore are assumed to be linear. CD. studies of these compounds should consequently give information about the influence of deviation from Linearity and planarity of the polyene on the CD. spectra of carotenoids. CD measurements of 2 and 3 show that the lack of methyl groups does not alter the general type of the curve. Only the intensity and to some extent the position of the Cotton effects are influenced. Carotenoids with the ε‐endgroup possess inherently symmetric but asymmetrically distorted chromophores. The assumption that non‐conservative CD. spectra could become conservative upon cooling [4] is experimentally confirmed by model 3 . The rule stating that pairs of all‐( E ) and mono‐( Z ) isomers of carotenoids with only one cyclic endgroup should have CD. spectra with the same sign [5] is disproved by the CD. spectra of four stereoisomeric rubixanthins ( s. Fig. 5 ). The UV./VIS. spectrum of 3, λ max 447 (ε 216000), 418 (ε 189000) exhibits the highest molecular extinction ever reported for a carotenoid.
A Narrowband 3-D Printed Invar Spherical Dual-Mode Filter With High Thermal Stability for OMUXs (2022)

A 3-D printed narrowband bandpass filter based on spherical dual-mode resonators is presented in this article. It is designed for output multiplexers (OMUXs) using high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> spherical dual-mode resonators. Realization is by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology of Invar alloy chosen for its low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Using PBF circumvents the alloy&#x2019;s manufacturability issues associated with its hardness in machining and free forming. Compared with polymer-based vat photopolymerization technology, PBF allows for direct metal manufacture of complex monolithic microwave components with better thermal-mechanical properties and higher power-handling capability. Using Invar can further help achieve high temperature stability of the filter in high-power operation. To demonstrate the proposed solution, detailed thermal-RF test at different temperatures was carried out. The experimental results of a 0.47&#x0025; fourth-order silver-plated Invar filter with two transmission zeros verify the design and manufacturing. An insertion loss of 1 dB and an effective temperature coefficient of less than 2 ppm/K were achieved.
[1-11C]Octanoate as a PET Tracer for Studying Ischemic Stroke. Evaluation in a Canine Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Positron Emission Tomography. (2000)

Octanoate is taken up by the brain and converted in astrocytes to glutamine through the TCA cycle after beta-oxidation. Consequently, [1-11C]octanoate might serve as a useful positron emission tomography (PET) probe for studying cerebral oxidative metabolism and/or astroglial functions. The present study attempted to evaluate the utility of using [1-11C]octanoate as a PET tracer for imaging and evaluating the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. We used a canine model of thromboembolic stroke. Five male beagle dogs were implanted with an indwelling catheter in the left internal carotid artery. A single autologous blood clot was injected into the left internal carotid artery through the catheter. The brain distribution of [1-11C]octanoate and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were determined 24 h after insult using a high resolution PET scanner. Post mortem brain regions unstained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) were defined as infarcts. In the region of an infarct, accumulation of [1-11C]octanoate decreased concurrently with CBF reduction. In contrast, normal accumulation of [1-11C]octanoate was observed in ischemic but vital regions, suggesting that an increased accumulation of [1-11C]octanoate relative to CBF takes place in these regions. In conclusion, [1-11C]octanoate accumulated in ischemic but vital regions, indicating that [1-11C]octanoate is a potentially useful PET tracer for imaging and evaluating the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.