gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey and new directions for physics-based attack detection in control systems (2016)

Monitoring the "physics" of control systems to detect attacks is a growing area of research. In its basic form a security monitor creates time-series models of sensor readings for an industrial control system and identifies anomalies in these measurements in order to identify potentially false control commands or false sensor readings. In this paper, we review previous work based on a unified taxonomy that allows us to identify limitations, unexplored challenges, and new solutions. In particular, we propose a new adversary model and a way to compare previous work with a new evaluation metric based on the trade-off between false alarms and the negative impact of undetected attacks. We also show the advantages and disadvantages of three experimental scenarios to test the performance of attacks and defenses: real-world network data captured from a large-scale operational facility, a fully-functional testbed that can be used operationally for water treatment, and a simulation of frequency control in the power grid.
Biodegradable Polyurethanes from Plant Components (1995)

Abstract Polyurethane (PU) sheets and foams having plant components in their network were prepared by using the following procedure. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was mixed with one of the following; molasses, lignin, woodmeal, or coffee grounds. The mixture obtained was reacted with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) at room temperature, and precured PUs were prepared. The precured PUs were heat-pressed and PU sheets were obtained. In order to make PU foam, the above mixture was reacted with MDI after the addition of plasticizer, surfactant (silicone oil), catalyst (di-n-butyltin dilaurate), and droplets of water under vigorous stirring. The glass transition temperature, tensile and compression strengths, and Young's modulus of the PU sheets and foams increased with an increasing amount of plant components. This suggests that saccharide and lignin residues act as hard segments in PUs. It was found that the PUs obtained were biodegradable in soil. The rate of biodegradation of the PUs derived from molasses and coffee grounds was between that of cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica) and beech (Fagus sieboldi).
Gaining Musical Insights: Visualizing Multiple Listening Histories (2010)

Listening histories are rich sources of implicit information. Combining listening histories of multiple users allows comparisons in musical taste and discovery of new music, though few existing work specifically addresses this issue. In this paper we present two interactive visualizations which give users a deeper insight into consent and dissent in their listening behaviors, and help them to compare their musical tastes. HisFlocks shows overlaps in genre and artist in certain time periods and LoomFM illustrates sequential listening patterns. Our first feedback on these systems was very promising and we plan to extend our concepts to broader scenarios with a greater number of listening histories.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY. DISCRETE TRIMETHYSILYLMETHYLENE (1977)

Abstract Die photochemische Matrix‐Umwandlung des Silyldiazomethans (I) zu dem zwischen 4 und 40°K beständigen Silylrnethylen (II), dem bei Raumtemperatur isolierten trans‐Äthylen (III) und dem bei 4°C und Å 3000 Å gebildeten Silabuten (IV) sowie in verdünnter Lösung bei 8°K und Å 3000 Å zu dem Silyldiazirin (V) wird mittels ESR‐ und IR‐Spektroskopie untersucht.
CSFB-Cell Selection Reselection and Handover Between LTE and 3G Network (2018)

The evolution of Mobile communication over time have grown from second generation and still growing. Since LTE is a packet based all IP network, which cannot support terrestrial circuit switch call, therefore, Circuit switch fall back is needed to redirect this service to existing UMTS/GSM network. Customers' requirements for radio resources increases with the use of devices and smart phones, however, to satisfy this demand access to packet data services and voice are needed at all time. This work intends to analyze how user/subscriber latched on preferred technology, communicate while mobility takes places without facing drop calls both PS and CS between LTE and 3G network. Network Operators goal is to ensure optimal, seamless coverage for its users while roaming from one cluster/location area to another cluster without distortion. The demand for radio resources increases, hence optimizations (soft or physical adjustment) are carried out at interval to improve network quality and coverage.
A SNARE-Like Protein and Biotin Are Implicated in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence (2015)

Phytoparasitic nematodes that are able to infect and reproduce on plants that are considered resistant are referred to as virulent. The mechanism(s) that virulent nematodes employ to evade or suppress host plant defenses are not well understood. Here we report the use of a genetic strategy (allelic imbalance analysis) to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with nematode virulence genes in Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). To accomplish this analysis, a custom SCN SNP array was developed and used to genotype SCN F3-derived populations grown on resistant and susceptible soybean plants. Three SNPs reproducibly showed allele imbalances between nematodes grown on resistant and susceptible plants. Two candidate SCN virulence genes that were tightly linked to the SNPs were identified. One SCN gene encoded biotin synthase (HgBioB), and the other encoded a bacterial-like protein containing a putative SNARE domain (HgSLP-1). The two genes mapped to two different linkage groups. HgBioB contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent nematodes. However, the gene encoding HgSLP-1 had reduced copy number in virulent nematode populations and appears to produce multiple forms of the protein via intron retention and alternative splicing. We show that HgSLP-1 is an esophageal-gland protein that is secreted by the nematode during plant parasitism. Furthermore, in bacterial co-expression experiments, HgSLP-1 co-purified with the SCN resistance protein Rhg1 α-SNAP, suggesting that these two proteins physically interact. Collectively our data suggest that multiple SCN genes are involved in SCN virulence, and that HgSLP-1 may function as an avirulence protein and when absent it helps SCN evade host defenses.
Directive and enhanced spontaneous emission using shifted cubes nanoantenna (2016)

Recent studies have demonstrated that nano-patch antennas formed by metallic nanocubes placed on top of a metallic film largely enhance the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters due to the confinement of the electromagnetic field in the small nanogap cavity. The popularity of this architecture is, in part, due to the ease in fabrication. In this contribution, we theoretically demonstrate that a dimer formed by two metallic nanocubes embedded in a dielectric medium exhibits enhanced emission rate compared to the nano-patch antenna. Furthermore, we compare the directivity and radiation efficiency of both nanoantennas. From these characteristics, we obtained information about the “material efficiency” and the coupling mismatch efficiency between a dipole emitter and the nanoantenna. These quantities provide a more intuitive insight than the Purcell factor or localized density of states, opening new perspectives in nanoantenna design for ultra-directive light emission.
Multitolerance in Distributed Reset (1998)

A reset of a distributed system is safe if it does not complete &amp;quot;prematurely&amp;quot;, i.e., without having reset some process in the system. Safe resets are possible in the presence of certain faults, such as process fail-stops and repairs, but are not always possible in the presence of more general faults, such as arbitrary transients. In this paper, we design a bounded-memory distributed reset program that possesses two tolerances: (i) in the presence of fail-stops and repairs, it always executes resets safely, and (ii) in the presence of a finite number of transient faults, it eventually executes resets safely. Designing this multitolerance in the reset program introduces the novel concern of designing a safety detector that is itself multitolerant. A broad application of our multitolerant safety detector is to make any total program likewise multitolerant. Keywords: distributed systems; masking, nonmasking, safe, and stabilizing fault-tolerance 1 Email: fkulkarni,anishg@cis.ohio-state.ed...
Amyloid Beta Protein and Tau in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma as Biomarkers for Dementia: A Review of Recent Literature (2008)

This review addresses recent developments in amyloid beta (Abeta), total tau (t-tau), and phosporylated tau (p-tau) protein analysis, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma as biomarkers for dementia. Recent research focused on the protection of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) into dementia and the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A combination of Abeta42 and t-tau in CSF can discriminate between patients with stable MCI and patients with progressive MCI into AD or other types of dementia with a sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Regression analyses demonstrated that pathological CSF (with decreased Abeta42 and and increased tau levels) is a very strong predictor for the progression of MCI into AD. Furthermore, CSF measurements of p-tau and Abeta42 can assist in diagnosing vascular dementia or frontotemporal dementia in the differential diagnosis of AD indicated by a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Whether tau in combination with Abeta42 or in combination with the Abeta37/Abeta42 or Abeta38/Abeta42 ratio aids in the discrimination between AD and Lewy Body dementia remains to be elucidated. Cross-sectional research could not demonstrate significant differences for Abeta40 and Abeta42 in plasma between AD and controls. However, a recently published longitudinal study showed high baseline Abeta40 levels, especially when combined with low baseline Abeta 42 levels, are a strong risk factor for the development of dementia. This emphasizes the importance of performing longitudinal studies in addition to cross-sectional ones. The origin of plasma Abeta and its transport between CSF and plasma, however, needs further clarification. In conclusion, progress has been made regarding Abeta and tau as biomarkers for dementia, both for differentiation between stable MCI and progressive MCI patients and for the differential diagnosis of AD. Future research should aim to validate these recently published results, preferably in pathologically confirmed AD patients. In addition, it is important to standardise research in terms of study design (longitudinal, minimal follow-up period of 5 years), type of researched parameters ( total or p-tau, type of Abeta peptides), type of matrix (CSF and plasma) and data analysis (establishment of predefined cut-off values, type of ratio, type of marker combination).
Identification of Arhgef12 and Prkci as Genetic Modifiers of Retinal Dysplasia in the Crb1 rd8 Mouse Model (2021)

Abstract Mutations in the apicobasal polarity gene CRB1 lead to diverse retinal diseases, such as Leber congenital amaurosis, cone-rod dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa (with and without Coats-like vasculopathy), foveal retinoschisis, macular dystrophy, and pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy. Limited correlation between disease phenotypes and CRB1 alleles, and evidence that patients sharing the same alleles often present with different disease features, suggest that genetic modifiers contribute to clinical variation. Similarly, the retinal phenotype of mice bearing the Crb1 retinal degeneration 8 ( rd8 ) allele varies with genetic background. Here, we initiated a sensitized chemical mutagenesis screen in B6.Cg- Crb1 rd8 /Pjn, a strain with a mild clinical presentation, to identify genetic modifiers that cause a more severe disease phenotype. Two models from this screen, Tvrm266 and Tvrm323 , exhibited increased retinal dysplasia. Genetic mapping with high-throughput exome and candidate-gene sequencing identified causative mutations in Arhgef12 and Prkci , respectively. Epistasis analysis of both strains indicated that the increased dysplastic phenotype required homozygosity of the Crb1 rd8 allele. Retinal dysplastic lesions in Tvrm266 mice were smaller and caused less photoreceptor degeneration than those in Tvrm323 mice, which developed an early, large diffuse lesion phenotype. In both models at one month of age, Müller glia and microglia mislocalization at dysplastic lesions was similar to that in B6.Cg- Crb1 rd8 /Pjn mice, while photoreceptor cell mislocalization was more extensive. External limiting membrane disruption was comparable in Tvrm266 and B6.Cg- Crb1 rd8 /Pjn mice but milder in Tvrm323 mice. Immunohistological analysis of mice at postnatal day 0 indicated a normal distribution of mitotic cells in Tvrm266 and Tvrm323 mice, suggesting normal early development. Aberrant electroretinography responses were observed in both models but functional decline was significant only in Tvrm323 mice. These results identify Arhgef12 and Prkci as modifier genes that differentially shape Crb1- associated retinal disease, which may be relevant to understanding clinical variability and underlying disease mechanisms.
Aquaporins in skeletal muscle: reassessment of the functional role of aquaporin‐4 (2004)

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the major water channel of the neuromuscular system, but its physiological function in both perivascular astrocytes and skeletal muscle sarcolemma is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the following in skeletal muscle: a) the expression of all cloned water cannels; b) the functional role of AQP4 using sarcolemma vesicles purified by means of several fractionation methods, and c) the functional effect of AQP4 reduction in mdx mice, the animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Immunofluorescence and immunoblot experiments performed with affinity purified antibodies revealed that only AQP1 and AQP4 are expressed in mouse skeletal muscle: AQP1 in endothelial cells of continuous capillaries and AQP4 on the plasma membrane of muscle fiber. Plasma membrane vesicle purification was performed with a procedure extensively used to purify and characterize dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) from rabbit skeletal muscle. Western blot analysis showed strong co-enrichment of the analyzed DAPs and AQP4, indicating that the membrane vesicle preparation was highly enriched in sarcolemma. Stopped-flow light-scattering measurements showed high osmotic water permeability of sarcolemma vesicles (approximately 150 microm/s) compatible with the AQP-mediated pathway for water movement. Sarcolemma vesicles prepared from mdx mice revealed, in parallel with AQP4 disappearance from the plasma membrane, a strong reduction in water permeability compared with wild-type mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate high AQP4-mediated water permeability of the skeletal muscle sarcolemma. Expression of sarcolemmal AQP4 together with that of vascular AQP1 may be responsible for the fast water transfer from the blood into the muscle during intense activity. These data imply an important role for aquaporins in skeletal muscle physiology as well as an involvement of AQP4 in the molecular alterations that occur in the muscle of DMD patients.
MICROHETEROGENEITY OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN PITUITARY GLANDS FROM WOMEN OF PRE‐ AND POSTMENOPAUSAL AGE (1983)

Luteinizing hormone from the pituitaries of women of premenopausal (Pre-M) and postmenopausal (Post-M) age has been studied to further understand the variations in the quality of plasma LH in women of different ages. The median and range for bioactive LH was 101: 85-155 IU/mg protein and 83: 52-201 IU/mg protein for the Pre- and Post-M groups respectively. The ratios of LH bioactivity/immunoreactivity (B:I) were 1.04 +/- 0.13 (Pre-M) and 0.97 +/- 0.02 (Post-M). Broad range isoelectrophoretic profiles of the pituitary extracts revealed a heterogeneous population of coincident bioactive and immunoreactive LH peaks. Recoveries from the columns were similar in both groups and B:I values of the LH material throughout the columns were between 0.5 and 2.0 in over 90% of the fractions. Between 31.8 and 36.6% of the LH from both groups appeared between pH 7 and pH 8. The most striking difference between the two groups was that greater than 34% of the bioactive LH from the Post-M pituitaries, but less than 6% of the LH from the other group had migrated as a major discrete peak to an acidic region of pH less than 6. We conclude that although there is no difference in total LH activity in the pituitaries from the two groups, substantially more 'acidic' LH material is stored in the postmenopausal pituitaries. These observations are consistent with the recent finding of greater circulating levels of acidic LH in plasma from post-menopausal women.
Local magnetic spin mismatch promoting photocatalytic overall water splitting with exceptional solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (2021)

A local-magnetic-field-promoted photocatalytic overall water splitting system is developed for the Fe 3 O 4 /N-TiO 2 catalyst, and an unprecedented solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.9 ± 0.5% is achieved at 270 °C.
Flueric Laminar Gain Blocks and an Operational Amplifier Scaler. (1975)

This report discusses the analytical and experimental design of laminar proportional gain blocks and an operational amplifier scaler. In this study, eight different laminar proportional amplifier (LPA) configurations were tested and evaluated for use in the design of gain blocks and an operational-amplifier scaler. The input and output characteristics, the Reynolds number and bias control pressure effects on the gain, and the proper operating Reynolds number range of these LPA's were measured. An op-amp scaler has been designed and tested using a threestage gain block with all stages operating at the same supply pressure. Test results indicate that this scaler with a forward loop gain of about 60 has an accuracy of 90 percent for the Rf/Ri ratio between 0.521 and 3.59, which agrees well with the analytical predictions.
Conventional and high-resolution vessel wall MRI of intracranial aneurysms: current concepts and new horizons (2017)

Intracranial aneurysms are heterogeneous in histopathology and imaging appearance. The biological behavior of different types of aneurysms is now known to depend on the structure and physiology of the aneurysm wall itself in addition to intraluminal flow and other luminal features. Aneurysm wall structure and imaging markers of physiology such as aneurysm wall enhancement have been assessed in many prior investigations using conventional-resolution MRI. Recently, high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) techniques with MRI have been introduced. Reports of findings on high-resolution imaging have already emerged for many types of aneurysms demonstrating detailed characterization of wall enhancement, thickness, and components, but many questions remain unexplored. This review discusses the key HR-VWI literature to date. Aneurysm wall findings on conventional-resolution MRI are also discussed as these may help one understand the potential utility and findings on HR-VWI for various aneurysm types. The authors have illustrated these points with several examples demonstrating both features already described in the literature and novel cases demonstrating the potential for future clinical and research applications.
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Single ZnO Nanowire and Nanoribbon Lasers (2003)

Time-resolved second-harmonic generation (TRSHG) and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy are utilized to probe the ultrafast creation and subsequent relaxation of excited carriers immediately following band-gap excitation in single ZnO nanowire and nanoribbon lasers. The TRSHG signal consists of a 1−5 ps recovery present only during strong lasing and a 10−80 ps intensity-dependent component. The transient PL response from single structures exhibits an 80 ps decay component independent of pump power (free exciton PL), and a < 10 ps power-dependent component (stimulated emission) that shifts to earlier delay by ca. 10 ps at high pump fluence.
Comparison of semen quality between university-based and private assisted reproductive technology laboratories (2017)

In this small series, motility was significantly higher at private laboratories compared to a university-based laboratory but was above WHO reference limits at both places. Normal sperm morphology was significantly lower in semen analyses performed at private laboratories compared to a university-based laboratory and was below WHO reference limits.
A Low-Loss W-Band Frequency-Scanning Antenna for Wideband Multichannel Radar Applications (2019)

A class of nonresonant slotted waveguide antennas particularly suited for wideband millimeter-wave radar and imaging applications is introduced. Inspired by a variation of the classic narrow-wall leaky structure, it possesses a high degree of design flexibility and is easily integrated into steerable arrays. A reliable manufacturing concept is presented and demonstrated by means of simulations and measurements on a first prototype, complemented by an experimental evaluation of the antenna's in-system performance as part of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar.
Smart home-Smartphone Systems: Threats, Security Requirements and Open research Challenges (2019)

Nowadays, home automation becomes part of people's daily life. Many people aim to control their homes with a click on a smartphone but they are afraid to lose their confidentiality or personal data which can make a loss of security or even financial loss. Due to vulnerabilities of the existing smart home systems or smart home App and the multiple attacks on these systems, academia and industry researchers have taken up the challenging security. Therefore security of these systems is an important issue that requires analyses and resolves. In this paper, we present and discuss the threats that can affect the system. On this, we classify the threats into two categories of the smart home attack. Also, we define the requirement to improve secure communication between the smart home and the smartphone that control the home devices remotely. Finally, we present some open research challenges for smart home-smartphone systems.
Copper(I) (Pseudo)Halide Complexes with Neocuproine and Aminomethylphosphines Derived from Morpholine and Thiomorpholine – In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity and the Interactions with DNA and Serum Albumins (2013)

Herein, a series of CuI or CuNCS complexes with neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline: dmp) and two tris(aminomethyl)phosphines derived from morpholine (P(CH2 N(CH2 CH2 )2 O)3 ) or thiomorpholine (P(CH2 N(CH2 CH2 )2 S)3 ) were tested as cytotoxic agents in vitro towards mouse colon carcinoma (CT26) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549). The studies showed that the complexes exhibit potential antitumor properties, displayed by IC50 values below 10 μm towards the tested cell lines, in the case of 4-h incubation time with the examined compounds. Moreover, a high antimicrobial activity of all the complexes was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with minimal inhibitory concentrations equal to 1-2 μg/mL. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of biological activity of the complexes, we investigated also their interactions with plasmid DNA (pUC18) and the human and bovine serum albumins. Gel electrophoresis experiments demonstrated that all the compounds were comparably efficient in DNA degradation process; however, luminescence quenching showed surprising dependence on the interactions strength of the used compounds with the albumins. Apart from exceptionally effective [CuI(dmp)P(CH2 N(CH2 CH2 )2 O)3 ], the complexes with P(CH2 N(CH2 CH2 )2 O)3 quenched more strongly luminescence of bovine serum albumin, while the complexes with P(CH2 N(CH2 CH2 )2 S)3 were more active in the quenching of human serum albumin luminescence.