gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep learning predicts hip fracture using confounding patient and healthcare variables (2019)

Hip fractures are a leading cause of death and disability among older adults. Hip fractures are also the most commonly missed diagnosis on pelvic radiographs, and delayed diagnosis leads to higher cost and worse outcomes. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) algorithms have shown promise for helping radiologists detect fractures, but the image features underpinning their predictions are notoriously difficult to understand. In this study, we trained deep-learning models on 17,587 radiographs to classify fracture, 5 patient traits, and 14 hospital process variables. All 20 variables could be individually predicted from a radiograph, with the best performances on scanner model (AUC = 1.00), scanner brand (AUC = 0.98), and whether the order was marked "priority" (AUC = 0.79). Fracture was predicted moderately well from the image (AUC = 0.78) and better when combining image features with patient data (AUC = 0.86, DeLong paired AUC comparison, <i>p</i> = 2e-9) or patient data plus hospital process features (AUC = 0.91, <i>p</i> = 1e-21). Fracture prediction on a test set that balanced fracture risk across patient variables was significantly lower than a random test set (AUC = 0.67, DeLong unpaired AUC comparison, <i>p</i> = 0.003); and on a test set with fracture risk balanced across patient and hospital process variables, the model performed randomly (AUC = 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.58), indicating that these variables were the main source of the model's fracture predictions. A single model that directly combines image features, patient, and hospital process data outperforms a Naive Bayes ensemble of an image-only model prediction, patient, and hospital process data. If CAD algorithms are inexplicably leveraging patient and process variables in their predictions, it is unclear how radiologists should interpret their predictions in the context of other known patient data. Further research is needed to illuminate deep-learning decision processes so that computers and clinicians can effectively cooperate.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts Promote HER2-Targeted Therapy Resistance through FGFR2 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fibroblast effect on HER2 activation and HER2-targeted therapies sensitivity&lt;/p&gt;
Development Of An Area Equivalent Factor (aef) For Urethral Function (2005)

We developed a conductance formula for flow through rigid tubes that may be considered in the range for urethral opening important for connolling Fl. Tubes were tested by putting them at the bottom of a water column and letring the water run out of the coumn and recording Pr and Fl. Curve fitting of Pr and Fl data resulted in an exponential formula. A Propaionality constant was further determined to relate tubes of differing cross sectional area to an average curve fit formula. The final conductance formula, therefore, can be described as a cross sectional area equivalent factor (AEF) mm2 = 3.5 (FWPr0.58). that relates Fl and Pr to a rigid tube area. hliminary clinical observations suggest that the formula may have diagnostic potential for micturition dysfunction. Both the rate of urethral opening and maximal urethral opening may be useful information. Furthermore, a urethral compliance value, a ratio of opening area divided by the bladder Pr, may be useful in comparing patients with different Pr.
Performance analysis of cluster formation method in vehicular Ad-hoc networks (2017)

A wireless network technology is developed as the solution for the transportation business issue, named Vehicular ad-hoc Network (VANETs) in the context of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The vehicle density and speed affect the network performance. This research aims to analyze the performance of cluster formation method on VANET networks. The modeling of Semarang Highway has been used as the scenario object of vehicle density and speed measured by several parameters including cluster overhead, normalized cluster load, packet delivery ratio, and packet loss ratio.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transient expression of plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes in detached sunflower leaves (2014)

For biofuel applications, synthetic endoglucanase E1 and xylanase (Xyn10A) derived from Acidothermus cellulolyticus were transiently expressed in detached whole sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves using vacuum infiltration. Three different expression systems were tested, including the constitutive CaMV 35S-driven, CMVar (Cucumber mosaic virus advanced replicating), and TRBO (Tobacco mosaic virus RNA-Based Overexpression Vector) systems. For 6-day leaf incubations, codon-optimized E1 and xylanase driven by the CaMV 35S promoter were successfully expressed in sunflower leaves. The two viral expression vectors, CMVar and TRBO, were not successful although we found high expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves previously for other recombinant proteins. To further enhance transient expression, we demonstrated two novel methods: using the plant hormone methyl jasmonic acid in the agroinfiltration buffer and two-phase optimization of the leaf incubation temperature. When methyl jasmonic acid was added to Agrobacterium tumefaciens cell suspensions and infiltrated into plant leaves, the functional enzyme production increased 4.6-fold. Production also increased up to 4.2-fold when the leaf incubation temperature was elevated above the typical temperature, 20C, to 30C in the late incubation phase, presumably due to enhanced rate of protein synthesis in plant cells. Finally, we demonstrated co-expression of E1 and xylanase in detached sunflower leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of (co)expression of heterologous plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in sunflower.
Design, Synthesis and in-vitro Screening of New 1H-Pyrazole and 1,2-Isoxazole Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors for ROS and MAPK14 Kinases (2013)

A new series of 4-(2-(substituted)pyridin-4-yl)-3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazoles (4a-f) and their 1,2-isoxazole analogues (5a-f) has been rationally designed, synthesized and screened against both ROS and MAPK14 kinases. Compounds 4b, 4c and 4e showed moderate inhibitions against both ROS and MAPK14 kinases. Compound 4e has showed the strongest inhibitions with IC50 values of 1.25 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> and 3.00 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> against ROS and MAPK14 kinases, respectively. A brief structure-activity relationship study and a molecular modeling study were made revealing a group of essential structural features for good kinase inhibitory activity within this new class of kinase inhibitors.
Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 enables efficient thymic egress (2011)

The signaling lipid sphingosine--phosphate (SP) stabilizes the vasculature, directs lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, and shapes inflammatory responses.However, little is known about how SP distribution is controlled in vivo, and it is not clear how a ubiquitously made lipid functions as a signal that requires precise spatial and temporal control.We have found that lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) enables efficient export of mature T cells from the thymus into circulation, and several lines of evidence suggest that LPP3 promotes exit by destroying thymic SP.Although five additional SP-degrading enzymes are expressed in the thymus, they cannot compensate for the loss of LPP3.Moreover, conditional deletion of LPP3 in either epithelial cells or endothelial cells is sufficient to inhibit egress.These results suggest that SP generation and destruction are tightly regulated and that LPP3 is essential to establish the balance.
Characterization of Ag-Sheathed Bi2223 Tapes with Interfilamentary Oxide Barriers AC Loss Reduction under AC Perpendicular Transverse Magnetic Field (2014)

Low AC loss Ag-sheathed Bi2223 tapes with oxide barriers among the twisted filaments were successfully fabricated using the powder-in-tube method. SrZrO3 was selected as the barrier material for its compatibility with Bi2223 oxide. Moreover, a small amount of Bi2212 was mixed with SrZrO3 to improve its ductility for cold working. By controlling barrier thickness and reducing the final tape width down to 2.7 mm, transport critical current densities Jc at 77 K and self-field attained 17-23 kA/cm2 for twisted barrier tapes with twist lengths Lt between 4 and 9 mm. For barrier tape with the shortest Lt = 4 mm, a coupling frequency fc , which is related to inverse of coupling time constant &tau;c, of 270 Hz was attained in an AC transverse field perpendicular to a broader face of the tape. To our best knowledge, fc = 270 Hz under a perpendicular field is the highest ever reported value for Bi2223 tapes with self-field Jc > 15 kA/cm2 at 77 K. According to these achievements, perpendicular field losses around 50 Hz for barrier tape were 70-80% lower than those for conventional 4 mm-width tape with fully coupled filaments.
Octamethyl-octaundecylcyclo[8]pyrrole:  A Promising Sulfate Anion Extractant (2007)

The diprotonated form of an organic-solubilized cyclo[8]pyrrole derivative, bearing eight undecyl chains on the β-pyrrolic positions, was found to extract sulfate anion effectively from neutral aqueous media into a toluene organic phase. The kinetics of sulfate anion exchange between the two phases were found to be exceedingly slow in the absence of the phase-transfer catalyst, Aliquat 336-nitrate (A336N), but appreciable in its presence. The bisnitrate anion bound form of this cyclo[8]pyrrole could be generated in situ by subjecting the toluene phase containing initially 0.5 mM of the sulfate anion bound form and 0.1 mM trioctylamine (TOA) to successive equilibrations with aqueous 0.1 M HNO3 until sulfate was no longer detected in the aqueous phase. This bisnitrate complex, when studied as a 0.5 mM solution in toluene in the presence of 0.1 mM (TOAH)+(NO3-), was also found to be an effective extractant for sulfate anion. DSO4 values of 0.001 and 1000 were observed at 1 M NaNO3(aq) and 0.3 mM NaNO3(aq), respectively, and the logarithm of the conditional exchange constant, log( ), was calculated to be 4.9 ± 0.4. The present cyclo[8]pyrrole system is thus noteworthy as being the first synthetic receptor that displays a high selectivity for sulfate anion in the presence of excess nitrate under conditions of solvent extraction.
Soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter with reduced circulating current (1996)

Abstract Soft‐switching phase‐shifted PWM converters have attracted much attention because of their low switching losses, constant frequency operation and simple control. However, a circulating current flows through the transformer and the primary bridge circuit during the free‐wheeling interval, resulting in relatively high current stresses on the transformers and switching devices compared with those of conventional hard‐switching PWM converters. This paper presents an improved soft‐switching phase‐shifted PWM DC‐DC converter that can substantially reduce the circulating current by employing a tapped inductor for the output low‐pass filter. The principle of operation and the role of the tapped inductor are illustrated. The effectiveness of the tapped inductor is evaluated through simulation analysis. Moreover, a 500 W‐100 Hz prototype converter is implemented to demonstrate the excellent performances of both low switching and low conduction losses.
Wide baseline dynamic stereo: approximation and refinement (2003)

Stereo algorithms using a wide baseline must cope with a large search space on top of the problems due to noise. A single pair of images is not a reliable source of depth information. One solution is to integrate the information from several image pairs. By incrementally refining estimates of the depth as the camera changes position, it is possible to build a description of the scene which, in turn, can be used as feedback to improve the extraction of depth information. The authors have developed a stereo algorithm based on correlation matching that is especially suited to being integrated into a proposed feedback loop. They have begun experiments with the integration of depth information over a sequence into a single environmental map.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
pH-Gated Single-Electron Tunneling in Chemically Modified Gold Nanoclusters (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTpH-Gated Single-Electron Tunneling in Chemically Modified Gold NanoclustersLouis C. Brousseau, Qi Zhao, David A. Shultz, and Daniel L. FeldheimView Author Information Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 30, 7645–7646Publication Date (Web):July 21, 1998Publication History Received15 April 1998Published online21 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja981262shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja981262srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Electrical properties,Gold,Nanoclusters,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Numerical failure analysis of glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites (2003)

The purpose of this work was to propose a new numerical model for glass-fiber-reinforced composites. The proposed numerical model was constructed with orthotropic shell, isotropic shell, and beam elements representing glass fiber cloth, silica filler, and the remaining matrix resin, respectively. The proposed model was applied to failure analysis under three-point bending conditions. The validity of the numerical model was checked through comparisons with experimental results. Four types of specimens were used: composite resin, and composite resin with neutral, upper, and lower glass-fiber cloth reinforcement insertions. For all types, close agreement between the analytical and experimental results was confirmed. This indicates that the proposed numerical model is effective for evaluating the mechanical behaviors of glass-fiber-reinforced composites.
IEEE 802.11 QoS Features (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: IEEE 802.11e MAC Overview Data Frame Format Association to QoS BSS EDCA Operation HCCA Operation Admission Control Direct Link Setup Block Acknowledgment (BA) Power Management Using APSD WiFi Multimedia (WMM) Specification IEEE 802.11n (High Throughput) MAC Features A Simple Engineering Example ]]>
Predicting synergy in atomic layer etching (2017)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is a multistep process used today in manufacturing for removing ultrathin layers of material. In this article, the authors report on ALE of Si, Ge, C, W, GaN, and SiO2 using a directional (anisotropic) plasma-enhanced approach. The authors analyze these systems by defining an “ALE synergy” parameter which quantifies the degree to which a process approaches the ideal ALE regime. This parameter is inspired by the ion-neutral synergy concept introduced in the 1979 paper by Coburn and Winters [J. Appl. Phys. 50, 5 (1979)]. ALE synergy is related to the energetics of underlying surface interactions and is understood in terms of energy criteria for the energy barriers involved in the reactions. Synergistic behavior is observed for all of the systems studied, with each exhibiting behavior unique to the reactant–material combination. By systematically studying atomic layer etching of a group of materials, the authors show that ALE synergy scales with the surface binding energy of the bulk material. This insight explains why some materials are more or less amenable to the directional ALE approach. They conclude that ALE is both simpler to understand than conventional plasma etch processing and is applicable to metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics.
Analysis of Concentration Overpotential in an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (2018)

In electrochemical cells, transport of chemical species to/from the electrodes is limited by the mass transfer resistance between the electrode surface and the bulk electrolyte. This mass transfer resistance thus contributes to voltage losses, referred to as mass transport losses or concentration overpotential, compared to the reversible potential of cell. In this paper, we derived analytical expressions for estimating the mass transport losses in all-vanadium redox flow batteries. A step-by-step analysis allows us to relate the surface and bulk concentrations and then, identify the voltage losses due to mass transport from the Nernst equation and the Butler-Volmer kinetics. A zero-dimensional (0D) model with the derived expressions for the concentration overpotential is calibrated and validated with experimental data; good agreement is obtained. The mass transport losses from the Butler-Volmer kinetics are found to be approximately twice of that from the Nernst equation.
Relation of Pore Size to Green Density: The Kozeny Equation (1999)

A relation between nitrogen desorption/mercury intrusion porosimetry‐measured pore size and green density of a powder compact is examined with respect to data from the literature, as well as data from the current study on three ceramic oxides. In almost all cases, the relationship is well obeyed. Deviations from the relation (originally developed by Kozeny) in the current study are shown to be due to the presence of large, interagglomerate pores which persist during low‐pressure pressing. Thus, a powder compact's adherence to the Kozeny relation can be used to gauge its degree of packing homogeneity.
A Controlled Laboratory Comparison of 4 Topical Skin Creams Moisturizing Capability on Human Subjects (2014)

Commercially available topical skin creams vary in their impact on human skin capacitance. In this study, sites tested with product 1 had a greater skin capacitance reading than the other tested products; products 2 and 3 had similar capacitance readings. The results of this study provide an initial evaluation of topical skin creams that have varying impacts on skin capacitance.
In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of diepoxy compounds used for biomaterial modification (1995)

The toxicity of various diepoxy compounds used for biomaterials crosslinking was investigated with a cell culture method and compared with an in vivo method. The neutral red uptake by cells was used to count the number of cells still alive after contact with the diepoxy compounds, because this method was more sensitive in cell counting than the other four methods studied in this work. The amount of neutral red taken up by cells depended strongly on the activity of cells in comparison with other methods; only small amounts of neutral red were taken up when cells were in a low activity state even if they were still alive. The in vitro toxicity of diepoxy compounds evaluated by the neutral red method revealed a good correlation with that found by the in vivo Draize test. The in vitro cytotoxicity to a cell line of L929 was closely related to that of primary culture cells of the normal rabbit cornea epidermal cell. The toxicity of diepoxy compounds was lower as their chain was longer, probably because of the lower chemical reactivity. All the diepoxy compounds investigated in this study exhibited lower cytotoxicity than formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and a water-soluble carbodiimide.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Detecting Thyroid Plasmacytoma After the Successful Treatment of Gastric Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2011)

Thyroid plasmacytoma is a rare form of extramedullary plasmacytoma. We describe an 82-year-old man with gastric large B-cell lymphoma who had complete response after receiving chemotherapy and rituximab, an anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody. Thyroid uptake was seen on follow-up F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan (FDG PET/CT) imaging. The left thyroid lobe uptake proved to be plasmacytic neoplasm, whereas the right lobe uptake represented thyroiditis. FDG PET scan is a useful tool for monitoring disease activity in lymphoma patients; however, other benign processes could lead to false positive findings.
Histopathology of vibriosis in the Kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus BATE. (1988)

1. ビブリオ病の病原体Vibrio sp.に自然感染した,また菌浴法で実験感染させた病クルマエビについて病理組織学的観察を行った。2. 本病の最大の特徴はリンパ様器官の激しい細菌侵襲による全域的壊死で,これが死に関与すると考えられた。3. リンパ様器官には細菌集落を中心にメラニン沈着を伴なう血球集中が起こり大小の黒色結節様体が多数形成されていた。同様の小黒色結節は鰓,心臓その他にも散発的に形成されており,これらは侵入細菌に対する防御反応によるものと考えられた。
Quantitative evaluation of several partial fourier reconstruction algorithms used in mri (1993)

Partial Fourier reconstruction algorithms exploit the redundancy in magnetic resonance data sets so that half of the data is calculated during image reconstruction rather than acquired. The conjugate synthesis, Margosian, homodyne detection, Cuppen and POCS algorithms are evaluated using spatial frequency domain analysis to show their characteristics and where limitations may occur. The phase correction used in partial Fourier reconstruction is equivalent to a convolution in the frequency domain and the importance of accurately implementing this convolution is demonstrated. New reconstruction approaches, based on passing the partial data through a phase correcting, finite impulse response (FIR), digital filter are suggested. These FIR and MoFIR algorithms have a speed near that of the Margosian and homodyne detection reconstructions, but with a lower error; close to that of the Cuppen/POCS iterative approaches. Quantitative analysis of the partial Fourier algorithms, tested with three phase estimation techniques, are provided by comparing artificial and clinical data reconstructed using full and partial Fourier techniques.