gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract A04: Effects of aspirin intervention on health and disease-associated oral bacterial taxa (2020)

Abstract Background: Several bacterial taxa that are consistently enriched in the gut microbiome of CRC cases are also found in the oral cavity. They exhibit phenotypic traits such as adherence to host epithelial cells, mucus degradation, and biofilm formation, which promote bacterial survival in the colon and may play a role in both oral disease and colorectal carcinogenesis by stimulating an inflammatory response. We evaluated the effect of a 6-week aspirin intervention on the relative abundance of oral bacterial taxa in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects, 50-75 years old, were randomized to receive either aspirin (N=30) or placebo (N=20) for 6 weeks. Oral samples were collected at baseline and after treatment (6 weeks) and amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was done using Illumina MiSeq technology. The data were analyzed using the standard DADA2 workflow. We used linear regression analysis, PERMANOVA, and negative binomial regressions (DESeq2 package) to assess the association between intervention assignment (aspirin vs. placebo) and α-diversity, β-diversity, and fold change in specific taxa, after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI at baseline and postintervention. Intervention assignment was hypothesized to influence the following bacterial taxa a priori: Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Gemella, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Campylobacter, Veillonella, Actinomyces based on previous studies. We estimated the association between aspirin use and the changes in the relative abundance of the specified taxa from pre- to post-treatment (baseline to week 6) using a mixed-effect regression model (lme4 package) with a binomial distribution in which the log of odds ratio (β estimate) for the interaction term compared aspirin to placebo intervention for post- versus pretreatment. Results: Aspirin treatment was not associated with α- or β- diversity at baseline or postintervention. However, the change in relative abundance of 8 out of the 10 prespecified taxa over time differed between the aspirin and placebo groups. In the aspirin group, there were greater increases in the relative abundances of Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and greater decreases in the relative abundance of Prevotella, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that aspirin may change the relative abundance of oral taxa associated with oral dysbiosis or CRC. Further studies are needed to understand the impact that the duration and dosage of the aspirin intervention may have on the oral microbiome. Citation Format: Guillaume C. Chinedu, Christopher M. Staley, Ryan T. Demmer, Shaukat Aasma, Tim R. Church, Anna E. Prizment. Effects of aspirin intervention on health and disease-associated oral bacterial taxa [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; 2020 Feb 21-24; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(8 Suppl):Abstract nr A04.
Load Forecasting (2006)

Load forecasting is vitally important for the electric industry in the deregulated economy. It has many applications including energy purchasing and generation, load switching, contract evaluation, and infrastructure development. A large variety of mathematical methods have been developed for load forecasting. In this chapter we discuss various approaches to load forecasting.
Static and Dynamic Measurement of a Magnet-only Loudspeaker (2012)

International audience
In Vivo Measurements of Relative Motion Between an Uncemented Femoral Total Hip Component and the Femur by Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis (1991)

Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) was used to study rotation and subsidence of an uncemented polyethylene-coated femoral component for total hip arthroplasty in ten patients younger than 55 years of age. Three years postoperatively, the total subsidence averaged 2.44 mm and the internal rotation was 7.4 degrees. The rate of subsidence decreased between the observation periods, whereas the rate of rotation, after an initial significant decrease, became almost constant. One patient, who was a clinical failure and required revision arthroplasty, had a significantly higher rate of migration after six months. The pattern of subsidence in the absence of pain might be the normal reaction of bone to an uncemented prosthesis, but the continuing rotation suggests the potential for failure of the arthroplasty. The type of analysis made possible in RSA may allow early prediction of the success of arthroplasties and significantly speed the design cycle for arthroplasty components.
Effectiveness of extreme ultraviolet actinic blank inspection prototype for 16-nm half-pitch for mitigation of multilayered defects (2014)

A major challenge for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is avoiding defects in the fabrication of multilayered (ML) mask blanks. Substrate defects and adders during ML coating are responsible for ML defects, which cause changes on phase and amplitude of EUV light. The ML defects must be identified by inspection prior to absorber patterning in order to reduce the effects of ML defects via covering them with patterns to permit the use of fewer ML defect blanks. Fiducial marks (FMs) on ML blanks can be used for mask alignment and to accurately and precisely determine the locations of ML defects. In this study, we fabricated an FM mask by resist exposure using an e-beam writer and etching. Then, we inspected FMs and ML defects with an EUV actinic full-field mask blank inspection tool developed by EIDEC-LaserTec (LT ABI; EIDEC, Tsukuba, Japan and LaserTec, Yokohama, Japan). Next, we evaluated the ML defect location accuracy on the mask based on FMs of several line depths. Here, we explain the estimation of defect location accuracy using FMs and the LT ABI and discuss the defect numbers which can be covered by absorber patterns. Fewer than 19 defects per blank should be required for EUV blanks to cover the ML defects with patterns.
Isolation of cDNA Clones Encoding Eight Different Human G Protein γ Subunits, Including Three Novel Forms Designated the γ4, γ10, and γ11 Subunits (1995)

With the growing awareness that the G protein beta and gamma subunits directly regulate the activities of various enzymes and ion channels, the importance of identifying and characterizing these subunits is underscored. In this paper, we report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11. The predicted protein sequence of gamma 4 shares the most identity (60-77%) with gamma 2, gamma 3, and gamma 7 and the least identity (38%) with gamma 1. The gamma 4 is modified by a geranylgeranyl group and is capable of interacting with both beta 1 and beta 2 but not with beta 3. The predicted protein sequence of gamma 10 shows only modest to low identity (35-53%) with the other known gamma subunits, with most of the differences concentrated in the N-terminal region, suggesting gamma 10 may interact with a unique subclass of alpha. The gamma 10 is modified by a geranylgeranyl group and is capable of interacting with beta 1 and beta 2 but not with beta 3. Finally, the predicted protein sequence of gamma 11 shows the most identity to gamma 1 (76% identity) and the least identity to the other known gamma (33-44%). Unlike most of the other known gamma subunits, gamma 11 is modified by a farnesyl group and is not capable of interacting with beta 2. The close resemblance of gamma 11 to gamma 1 raises intriguing questions regarding its function since the mRNA for gamma 11 is abundantly expressed in all tissues tested except for brain, whereas the mRNA for gamma 1 is expressed only in the retina where the protein functions in phototransduction.
Selective area growth of InAs quantum dots formed on a patterned GaAs substrate (2004)

We describe the growth and characterization of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on a patterned GaAs substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The QDs nucleate on the (001) plane atop GaAs truncated pyramids formed by a thin patterned SiO2 mask. The base diameter of the resulting QDs varies from 30 to 40nm depending on the size of the mask. With specific growth conditions, we are able to form highly crystalline surface QDs that emit at 1.6μm under room-temperature photopumped conditions. The crystalline uniformity and residual strain is quantified in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and high-resolution x-ray reciprocal space mapping. These strained QDs may serve as a template for selective nucleation of a stacked QD active region.
Vitamin D, sun, sunbeds and health (2011)

The overall health benefit of an improved vitamin D status may be more important than the possibly increased CMM risk resulting from carefully increasing UV exposure. Important scientific facts behind this judgement are given.
High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Ni-Al-Cr Based Alloys for Advanced Die-Materials Applications (2009)

在这研究，我们在高基于的先进 Ni3Al 上报导有 Zr 和 B 增加的结构的合金压以便在 die-casting 和高温度的领域里适用形成作为的温度死材料。微观结构和基于的金属间化合的合金由真空弧融化生产了的 Ni3Al 的机械性质被使用与一个 X 光检查精力装备的一台扫描电子显微镜(SEM ) 以阶段分析调查散分光计(版本) ， X 光检查衍射计(XRD ) 和张力的测试。由 gamma'matrix 阶段和小金属间化合的 dispersoids 组成的双微结构特征被观察在整个微观结构上分布式。现在的合金的最终的张力的力量在高温度区域特别比商业基于铁、基于 Ni 的死材料优异。
White Rule and Black Resistance (1998)

Those who have never seen a people angry will not easily understand what happened in Sharpeville on 3 September 1984. Phrases like 'violent uprising', 'mindless anger', 'mob rule', 'a country exploding into flames' convey with economy the events of that and succeeding days. No one can deny the truth in such descriptions, but like television pictures of burning shops, tear gas and corpses which light up an evening's viewing, they mask more than they disclose. I have a particular interest in 3 September. It marks the day for which my brother was later to be taken from his wife and daughter, imprisoned, tried, sentenced to death, tortured and subsequently given clemency and a twenty-five-year gaol sentence. More than the death of my mother, 3 September brought the greatest rupture to my life.
Neutron Damage Effects in Step Recovery Diode Frequency Multipliers (1971)

The Step-Recovery Diode (SRD) frequency multiplier has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the multiplier is quite susceptible to neutron damage if self-bias is used (which is usually the case), and it is recommended either that the preradiation lifetime should be deliberately shortened or that voltage bias be considered in a radiation environment. The self-bias problem is found to be due to an increase in recombination current brought on by a reduction in minority carrier lifetime with neutron fluence. This study also derives the ultimate failure fluence as a function of multiplier parameters for these multipliers in general.
Multi-image fusion for occlusion-free faÇade texturing (2004)

Recent findings revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic inflammatory disease and an islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)/amylin, is deposited within pancreatic islets. IAPP/amylin has been reported to activate NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in infiltrated macrophages. NLRP3, an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, has been shown to recognize pathogens and/or metabolites and complexes with the adopter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain ASC to form a huge complex, called an inflammasome, an interleukin (IL)-1β-processing platform. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) were reported to be involved in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, we were hypothesized that IAPP could directly activate NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to islets β-cell death. We analyzed expression of the inflammasome components ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IAPP/amylin, and insulin immunohistochemically in Langerhans' islets of autopsy cases. The initial event of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was assessed using a cell-free system consisting of NLRP3 and ASC with the amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay. IAPP/amylin deposition in Langerhans' islets was detected and significantly correlated with expressions of IL-1β and ASC. IAPP/amylin directly interacted with NLRP3 and initiated an interaction between NLRP3 and ASC in a cell-free system. The deposition of IAPP/amylin in β-cells of Langerhans' islets may act together with the expression level of an inflammasome component, ASC, to regulate IL-1β processing, and directly lead to the dysfunction of β-cells. The interaction between IAPP/amylin and NLRP3 could be an attractive drug target to avoid both inflammation and β-cell death for T2D therapy.
Transcutaneous Blood Gas Measurement by Mass Spectrometry (1978)

A stainless steel, self heated, flat surface, skin surface probe, covered with a Mylar membrane, admits gases diffusing through the skin surface into a mass spectrometer at rates sufficiently low to provide reasonable measurement of blood PO2 and PCO2. A second thermistor against the Mylar and insulated from the probe monitors skin temperature as an index of blood flow. Advantages of the mass spectrometer method compared to electrodes are that a single sensor detects all gases, including anaesthetics, the sensor is simple in design, the same mass spectrometer can monitor several patients simultaneously, anaesthetics do not interfere (as with halothane and the O2 electrode), comparative checks with blood gas may be done using the same mass spectrometer, and perhaps, by summing all gases it may be possible to determine how fully arterialized the skin is.
Changing patterns of West Nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility (2009)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus (Flaviviridae) transmitted between Culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts. The virus has dramatically expanded its geographic range in the past ten years. Increases in global commerce, climate change, ecological factors and the emergence of novel viral genotypes likely play significant roles in the emergence of this virus; however, the exact mechanism and relative importance of each is uncertain. Previously WNV was primarily associated with febrile illness of children in endemic areas, but it was identified as a cause of neurological disease in humans in 1994. This modulation in disease presentation could be the result of the emergence of a more virulent genotype as well as the progression of the virus into areas in which the age structure of immunologically naïve individuals makes them more susceptible to severe neurological disease. Since its introduction to North America in 1999, a novel WNV genotype has been identified that has been demonstrated to disseminate more rapidly and with greater efficiency at elevated temperatures than the originally introduced strain, indicating the potential importance of temperature as a selective criteria for the emergence of WNV genotypes with increased vectorial capacity. Even prior to the North American introduction, a mutation associated with increased replication in avian hosts, identified to be under adaptive evolutionary pressure, has been identified, indicating that adaptation for increased replication within vertebrate hosts could play a role in increased transmission efficiency. Although stable in its evolutionary structure, WNV has demonstrated the capacity for rapidly adapting to both vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors and will likely continue to exploit novel ecological niches as it adapts to novel transmission foci.
Focal field analyses for front-fed and offset reflector antenna (2004)

In this paper, we present results of focal field analyses carried out for front-fed and offset parabolic antennas. Such analyses are needed and especially important for hybrid antenna configurations with arrays in the focal zone. The front-fed configuration relates to work carried out for radio telescope applications within the FARADAY project. The offset geometry relates to potential applications for instance for Earth observation or telecommunication satellites. The focal field analysis is necessary as an intermediate step, before focal field matching procedures are applied, to derive suitable excitations for a focal array. But also such an analysis gives insight from another point of view for antenna operations in the generic sense.
Modelling euro banknote quality in circulation (2017)

The quality of banknotes in the cash cycles of countries in the Eurosystem varies, despite all of these countries using identical euro banknotes. While it is known that this is dependent on national characteristics, such as public use and the involvement of the central bank in cash processing operations, the influence of all relevant parameters has not yet been established. This paper presents two computer-based models for the simulation of banknote cash cycles. The first model simulates a cash cycle using a theoretical approach based on key figures and models banknote fitness as a one-dimensional profile of fitness levels. The model identifies: (i) the frequency with which banknotes are returned to the central bank; (ii) the fitness threshold used in automated note processing at the central bank; and (iii) the note lifetime as the main drivers of banknote quality in circulation as well as central bank cash cycle costs. Production variations in new banknotes, the fitness threshold applied by commercial cash handlers and the accuracy of the fitness sensors used in the sorting process have been found to have a lower but non-trivial impact. The second model simulates banknotes in circulation as single entities and is oriented towards modelling country-specific cash cycles using available single-note data. The model is constructed using data collected by monitoring banknotes in circulation over the duration of a 'circulation trial' carried out in three euro area countries. We compare the predicted quality results of the second data-based model against actual cash cycle data collected outside the circulation trial, discuss the reasons for the deviations found and conclude with considerations for an optimal theoretical national cash cycle.
Micromechanism of Cu and Fe alloying process on the martensitic phase transformation of NiTi-based alloys: First-principles calculation (2015)

Using first-principles pseudo-potential plane wave method, the formation enthalpy ΔH, binding energy ΔE, elastic constants, and electronic structure were calculated and analyzed carefully for NiTiX (X = Cu, Fe) shape memory alloy. The results show that the Cu or Fe element prefers to occupy the Ni site in the NiTi matrix phase respectively. Compared with the NiTi matrix phase, the ΔH, ΔE, c 44 and c′ of NiTi (Cu) are similar to each other. However, the structural stability of the NiTi phase is improved obviously by the Fe alloying process. Simultaneously, the shear modulus c 44 and c′ of NiTi (Fe) are larger than those of the NiTi matrix phase. Furthermore, Milliken population results indicate that Q Cu–Ti is smaller than Q Ni–Ti after the Cu alloying process, but Q Fe–Ti is larger than Q Ni–Ti. The electron density difference shows that some covalent bonding exists between Fe and Ti elements. Based on the upward analysis, the difference in the phase stability and elastic constants of NiTiX (X = Cu, Fe) is the substantial mechanism for the different M s of NiTiX (X = Cu, Fe) although Cu or Fe substitutes for the same atom Ni elements in the NiTi matrix phase.
Gastroprotective Effect of Mangiferin, a Xanthonoid from Mangifera indica, against Gastric Injury Induced by Ethanol and Indomethacin in Rodents (2007)

In search of novel gastroprotective agents, mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone from Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), was evaluated in mice on gastric injury induced by ethanol and indomethacin. The effects of mangiferin on gastric mucosal damage were assessed by determination of changes in mean gastric lesion area or ulcer score in mice and on gastric secretory volume and total acidity in 4-h pylorus-ligated rats. Mangiferin (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, P. O.) significantly attenuated the gastric damage induced by ethanol by 30, 35, and 63 %, and of indomethacin by 22, 23 and 57 %, respectively. N-Acetylcysteine (750 mg/kg, I. P.) and lansoprazole (30 mg/kg, P. O.) used as positive controls in these ulcerogenic models resulted in 50 % and 76 % suppression of gastric injury, respectively. In 4-h pylorus-ligated rats, intraduodenally applied mangiferin (30 mg/kg) caused significant diminutions in gastric secretory volume and total acidity. In addition, like N-acetylcysteine, a donor of sulfhydryls, mangiferin effectively prevented the ethanol-associated depletion of gastric mucosal non-protein sulfhydryl content in mice, suggesting an antioxidant action. These findings provide evidence that mangiferin affords gastroprotection against gastric injury induced by ethanol and indomethacin most possibly through the antisecretory and antioxidant mechanisms of action.
Thymol depletion in the pig stomach (2012)

Aromatic plants and their extracts have been used in human and veterinary medicine since ancient times. However, the exact mode of action and kinetics or these compounds are generally poorly understood. The aim of this work was to determine the degradation and absorption kinetics of thymol in the pig stomach. An improved GC method was developed to easily measure the thymol content in samples extracted into ethylacetate. The GC separation was achieved on a 30 m × 0.25 mm ™ 0.25 mm film thickness Equity™ - 1701 fused silica capillary column, resulting in a standard curve over 1-500 mg/L. Isolated pig stomach was incubated for 360 min at 37 °C in an incubator with 95% O2:5% CO2 atmosphere on an oscillating plate at 40 rpm. Tyrode's solution pH 6.5 was used as incubation fluid. Pig stomach contents were inoculated with thymol (1.7 mM), and samples were collected at intervals during incubation and were extracted as is or after treatment with a lysis buffer. The lysis buffer was used to release thymol that may have been internalized by endogenous bacteria. Thymol concentrations in unlysed stomach samples decreased rapidly, being reduced more than twofold during 30 min incubations. Conversely, thymol concentrations in lysed samples increased rapidly, following 60 min incubations, concentrations were achieved at twice those measured in unlysed stomach contents at the beginning of the incubation. Thymol concentrations in lysed samples remained nearly double those in unlysed samples even after 360 min. Differing thymol concentrations measured in lysed and unlysed samples suggest luminal depletion resulting from bacterial uptake of thymol. Upon ingestion, luminal depletion would be expected to occur rapidly in stomach contents, but whether this sequestration would make thymol unavailable for absorption in the stomach or more distally is not known. Further investigation is needed to identify the bacteria responsible for this "thymol sequestration" phenomenon.
Antiplasmodial natural products: an update (2019)

A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC<sub>50</sub> ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.