gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer Nanoparticles Synthesized with Solvent Shifting (2005)

Abstract Controlled precipitation has been often used as a method of creating dispersions of organic and inorganic molecules. One way to induce nucleation and growth in this method is by adjusting the ratio of components of a binary solvent, also called “solvent shifting.” We have applied this method to the production of polymer nanoparticle dispersions. Monomers are induced to aggregate by a solvent exchange, followed by or simultaneous with the introduction of a polymerization initiator. The exchange can be slow, in which case the ternary mixture (monomer and two solvent components) is gradually brought near the phase transition, followed by polymerization, or rapid, where the monomer in solution is rapidly injected into the poorer solvent, inducing fast aggregation of primary particles. Using the latter method, monodisperse nanoparticles of poly methyl methacrylate and polystyrene were synthesized without the use of surfactants.
Abstract 557: Noninvasive analysis of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation is associated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the tissue availability limits the genotyping of EGFR T790M mutation in the clinical setting. The aims of this study are to develop a blood-based, non-invasive approach to detect the EGFRT790M mutation in advanced NSCLC patients. Additionally, plasma concentrations of HGF, MET and amphiregulin which are also resistant factors of EGFR-TKIs EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma sample were collected from NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations, who had resistant to EGFR-TKIs treatment. EGFR T790M mutations were detected using droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) system from plasma DNA at resistance to EGFR-TKI. Plasma concentrations of HGF, soluble MET (sMET) and amphiregulin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships between the EGFR T790M mutation status and the plasma concentrations, progression-free survival (PFS) overall survival (OS) were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-one (35%) of the patients had EGFR T790M mutation in plasma DNA using ddPCR system. The levels amphiregulin tended to be increased at the resistance in the patients with EGFR T790M mutation. The PFS and OS of the patients with EGFR T790M mutation was significantly shorter than that of the patients without EGFR T790M mutation (P =0.03 and 0.04). The PFS of the patients who had high amphiregulin at the resistance and the OS of the patients who had high amphiregulin at pre-treatment were shorter than these of t low amphiregulin (P = 0.05 and 0.05) CONCLUSIONS The ddPCR system is a detectable method for determining the plasma EGFR T790M mutation status. The combination of EGFR T790M mutation status by ddPCR and the amphiregulin levels may aid in monitoring drug resistance and in predicting a prognosis. Citation Format: Hideharu Kimura, Makoto Nishio, Tsutomu Daito, Kazuto Nishio. Noninvasive analysis of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 557. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-557
Channel current fluctuations conclusively explain neuronal encoding of internal potential into spike trains (2021)

Hodgkin and Huxley's seminal neuron model describes the propagation of voltage spikes in axons, but it cannot explain certain full-neuron features crucial for understanding the neural code. We consider channel current fluctuations in a trisection of the Hodgkin-Huxley model, allowing an analytic-mechanistic explanation of these features and yielding consistently excellent matches with in vivo recordings of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, which we use as model systems. This shows that the neuronal encoding is described conclusively by a soft-thresholding function having just three parameters.
Age-related deficits in component processes of working memory. (2007)

Working memory deficits in normal aging have been well documented, and studies suggest that high memory load plus the presence of distraction negatively impacts successful memory performance to a greater degree in older individuals. However, characterization of the component processes that are impaired by these task manipulations is not clear. In this behavioral study, younger and older subjects were tested with a delayed-recognition and recall task in which the encoding and delay period were both manipulated. During the encoding period, the subjects were presented with either a single letter or multiple letters at their predetermined forward letter span, and the delay period was either uninterrupted or interrupted with a visual distraction. There was an age-related impairment of working memory recognition accuracy only in the combination of high memory load and distraction. These results suggest that when working memory maintenance systems are taxed, faulty recognition processes may underlie cognitive aging deficits in healthy older individuals.
Impact of Salinity Constraints on the Simulated Mean State and Variability in a Coupled Seasonal Forecast Model (2012)

Abstract The authors assess the sensitivity of the simulated mean state and coupled variability to systematic initial state salinity errors in seasonal forecasts using the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) coupled model. This analysis is based on two sets of hindcasts that were initialized from old and new ocean initial conditions, respectively. The new ocean initial conditions are provided by an ensemble multivariate analysis system that assimilates subsurface temperatures and salinity and is a clear improvement over the previous system, which was based on univariate optimal interpolation, using static error covariances and assimilating only temperature without updating salinity. Large systematic errors in the salinity field around the thermocline region of the tropical western and central Pacific produced by the old assimilation scheme are shown to have strong impacts on the predicted mean state and variability in the tropical Pacific for the entire 9 months of the forecast. Forecasts initialized from the old scheme undergo a rapid and systematic adjustment of density that causes large persistent changes in temperature both locally in the western and central Pacific thermocline, but also remotely in the eastern Pacific via excitation of equatorial waves. The initial subsurface salinity errors in the western and central Pacific ultimately result in an altered surface climate because of induced temperature changes in the thermocline that trigger a coupled feedback in the eastern Pacific. These results highlight the importance of accurately representing salinity in initial conditions for climate prediction on seasonal and potentially multiyear time scales.
Modeling of Vias Sharing the Same Antipad in Planar Waveguide With Boundary Integral Equation and Group T-Matrix Method (2012)

We consider multiple scattering among different groups of vias with each group of vias sharing one antipad in planar waveguide. A transformation is used that converts the 2-D discretization and 2-D surface integration of the product of Green's functions and magnetic surface currents into 1-D discretization and 1-D integration of surface charges on the vias and on the ground plane. This is used to calculate the incident fields onto the vias. Based on the incident fields, the Foldy-Lax equations can be solved to calculate the circuit parameters for the problem. We show that the results are superior to the previously used finite difference method. In addition, the group T-matrix method is used to represent a group of vias to account for the scattering among different groups of vias. Results are illustrated for various cases of multiple vias up to 20 GHz. Results show the accuracy of the method even to very closely spaced vias when they are separated by merely 1 mil. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with ANSOFT HFSS.
Switching and Failure Mechanism of Self-Selective Cell in 3D VRRAM by RTN-Based Defect Tracking Technique (2018)

Non-filament self-selective RRAM is a promising technology for 3D VRRAM application. However, direct experimental evidence for its switching and failure mechanism is still missing. In this work, we proposed the resistive switching and failure model of TaOX/HfO2 bilayer device in 3D vertical RRAM by RTN-based defect tracking technique. After extracting the locations and energy levels (XT, ET) of defects in both HRS and LRS, Defect-less Region in TaOX layer was directly observed which corresponded to the resistive switching. Furthermore, by monitoring the Defect-less Region in different cycling number and retention time, the main reason of the ON/OFF ratio degradation was revealed. This provides a useful tool for improving the non-filament RRAM technology.
Single-step quantum state engineering in traveling optical fields (2019)

We propose an experimental quantum state engineering scheme for the high-fidelity conditional generation of various nonclassical states of practical relevance in traveling optical fields. It contains a single measurement, thereby achieving a high success probability. The generated state is encoded in the optimal choice of the physically controllable parameters of the arrangement. These parameter values are determined via numerical optimization.
Elevational diversity patterns of small mammals on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia (2001)

Abstract 1 Diversity patterns of small mammals were studied along an elevational transect on Mount Kinabalu, the highest mountain in South‐east Asia, utilizing data from previously existing sources and a new field study. A mark‐and‐release study (conducted during wet and dry seasons between November 1994 and April 1995) resulted in captures of 12 small mammal species, including two species of squirrels, two tree shrews, seven murid rodents and one gymnure. 2 Based on data compiled from this survey, museum specimens, and published and unpublished literature (analysed by locally weighted sums of squares and quadratic polynomial regressions), species richness of small mammals formed a middle elevation bulge, highest at about 1200–1400 m and declining at lower and higher elevations. Trapping during two seasons did not change the assessment of the pattern. 3 A cluster analysis of these data indicated that there are two elevationally associated faunas, one in the highlands and another in the lowlands. The transition between these two assemblages is at 1700–1800 m elevation. The lowland faunal assemblage has the highest number of species, with maximum species richness at about 1300 m for total small mammal species, about 1200 m for arboreal species and about 1400 m for terrestrial species. 4 The areas where much overlapping of species occurs are the elevations where climate and vegetation change rapidly from lowland to montane types. Tree species, gymnosperms, orchids and ferns showed a similar curvilinear pattern along the same elevational gradient, with maximum species richness at about 1400–1500 m. Temperature declined progressively with increasing elevation, but rainfall and humidity reached their highest levels at about 1700 m. 5 Maximum diversity of small mammals thus occurred at the elevation where a highland and a lowland assemblage overlapped, where several types of plants reached their maximum diversity, and where rainfall and humidity reached their maxima. Similar patterns have been documented for small mammals, plants, and climate at sites scattered in Indo‐Australia from Taiwan to New Guinea.
Targeting of the transcription factor Max during apoptosis: phosphorylation-regulated cleavage by caspase-5 at an unusual glutamic acid residue in position P1 (2001)

Max is the central component of the Myc/Max/Mad network of transcription factors that regulate growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Whereas the Myc and Mad genes and proteins are highly regulated, Max expression is constitutive and no post-translational regulation is known. We have found that Max is targeted during Fas-induced apoptosis. Max is first dephosphorylated and subsequently cleaved by caspases. Two specific cleavage sites for caspases in Max were identified, one at IEVE10↓S and one at SAFD135↓G near the C-terminus, which are cleaved in vitro by caspase-5 and caspase-7 respectively. Mutational analysis indicates that both sites are also used in vivo. Thus Max represents the first caspase-5 substrate. The unusual cleavage after a glutamic acid residue is observed only with full-length, DNA-binding competent Max protein but not with corresponding peptides, suggesting that structural determinants might be important for this activity. Furthermore, cleavage by caspase-5 is inhibited by the protein kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Max at Ser-11, a previously mapped phosphorylation site in vivo. These findings suggest that Fas-mediated dephosphorylation of Max is required for cleavage by caspase-5. The modifications that occur on Max in response to Fas signalling affect the DNA-binding activity of Max/Max homodimers. Taken together, our findings uncover three distinct processes, namely dephosphorylation and cleavage by caspase-5 and caspase-7, that target Max during Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting the regulation of the Myc/Max/Mad network through its central component.
Role of Template Activating Factor-I as a chaperone in linker histone dynamics (2011)

Linker histone H1 is a fundamental chromosomal protein involved in the maintenance of higher-ordered chromatin organization. The exchange dynamics of histone H1 correlates well with chromatin plasticity. A variety of core histone chaperones involved in core histone dynamics has been identified, but the identity of the linker histone chaperone in the somatic cell nucleus has been a long-standing unanswered question. Here we show that Template Activating Factor-I (TAF-I, also known as protein SET) is involved in histone H1 dynamics as a linker histone chaperone. Among previously identified core histone chaperones and linker histone chaperone candidates, only TAF-I was found to be associated specifically with histone H1 in mammalian somatic cell nuclei. TAF-I showed linker histone chaperone activity in vitro. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses revealed that TAF-I is involved in the regulation of histone H1 dynamics in the nucleus. Therefore, we propose that TAF-I is a key molecule that regulates linker histone-mediated chromatin assembly and disassembly.
Electrochemical Manufacturing in the Chemical Industry (2014)

There are over 100,000 chemicals in the marketplace, manufactured by various technological means. Despite this large number of chemicals available in the market, electrochemical synthesis of chemicals has been limited to a narrow spectrum. The reasons for this have been previously attributed to a lag in the education of chemists and engineers in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, a lack of suitable resources for cell construction, and most importantly the prohibitive costs involved (in many cases) in electrochemical synthesis. However, over the past 40 years, there have been significant developments in electrochemical synthesis and methods due to the advances in materials science and nanotechnology, and progress in multi-scale modeling. The mainstays of electrochemical manufacturing (chlor-alkali industry, aluminum, organic synthesis) as well as new vistas of manufacturing are explored.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Acylation of 1,4:3,6‐Dianhydro‐D‐glucitol. (1987)

Abstract Acylation of 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol (I) with the anhydrides (II) in the presence of lead(II) yields the 5‐endo‐acylates (III) as the main products, whereas on heating without a catalyst, predominantly the 2‐exo‐acylates (IV) are formed.
Semantic correct transformation of IEC 61131-3 models into the IEC 61499 standard (2009)

This paper provides a possibility for a semantic correct transformation of existing IEC 61131-3 projects into the newer IEC 61499 standard. Based on a model driven development approach as well as proper concepts and rules this paper describes a suitable way to overcome some semantical problems which occurred during the transformation process. Those semantical problems regard some differences between the libraries of IEC 61131-3 and IEC 61499 as well as the extraction of the actual execution sequence of IEC 61131-3 programs. Both issues are supposed to be solved by auxiliary transformations. One static transformation which converts IEC 61131-3 function blocks into simple function blocks. And one project dependent transformation which extracts the execution order of IEC 61131-3 function block networks.
Prediction of the in planta Phakopsora pachyrhizi secretome and potential effector families (2016)

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, can cause losses greater than 80%. Despite its economic importance, there is no soybean cultivar with durable ASR resistance. In addition, the P. pachyrhizi genome is not yet available. However, the availability of other rust genomes, as well as the development of sample enrichment strategies and bioinformatics tools, has improved our knowledge of the ASR secretome and its potential effectors. In this context, we used a combination of laser capture microdissection (LCM), RNAseq and a bioinformatics pipeline to identify a total of 36 350 P. pachyrhizi contigs expressed in planta and a predicted secretome of 851 proteins. Some of the predicted secreted proteins had characteristics of candidate effectors: small size, cysteine rich, do not contain PFAM domains (except those associated with pathogenicity) and strongly expressed in planta. A comparative analysis of the predicted secreted proteins present in Pucciniales species identified new members of soybean rust and new Pucciniales- or P. pachyrhizi-specific families (tribes). Members of some families were strongly up-regulated during early infection, starting with initial infection through haustorium formation. Effector candidates selected from two of these families were able to suppress immunity in transient assays, and were localized in the plant cytoplasm and nuclei. These experiments support our bioinformatics predictions and show that these families contain members that have functions consistent with P. pachyrhizi effectors.
Cellular Organization of Parasitic Protozoa (2010)

Definition of the Cell Unicellular Eukaryotes General Morphology of Parasitic Protozoa Cytoplasmic Inclusions Modes of Reproduction Conclusion
Novel pyrene-containing organophosphates as fluorescent probes for studying aging-induced conformational changes in organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel pyrene-containing organophosphates as fluorescent probes for studying aging-induced conformational changes in organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesteraseG. Amitai, Y. Ashani, A. Gafni, and I. SilmanCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 9, 2060–2069Publication Date (Print):April 27, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00538a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00538a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 2.0 Part 1: Core Language (2007)

This document describes the Web Services Description Language Version 2.0 (WSDL 2.0), an XML language for describing Web services. This specification defines the core language which can be used to describe Web services based on an abstract model of what the service offers. It also defines the conformance criteria for documents in this language.
Mechanical Stability of Solid Brush Current Collection Systems (1980)

Conventional methods for designing mechanically stable solid brush current collection systems are sometimes found inadequate when developing state-of- the-art electrical machines. These methods rely primarily on the brush angle relative to the rotor as a complete stability parameter. This paper shows that brush angle is not a complete dynamic stability parameter; other parameters are important also. Stability boundaries are shown as functions of brush angle and system damping for various typical values of the other system parameters. The analysis indicates that brush stability improves with increasing trailing brush angle, decreasing slope of the friction- velocity curve, decreasing brush load, increasing brush radius of curvature relative to rotor radius, and increasing supported brush length.
Accurate prediction of 3D mask topography induced best focus variation in full-chip photolithography applications (2011)

Best focus variation among different device features is one of the limiting factors to process window in semiconductor photolithography applications. Accurate prediction of best focus variation in full-chip optical proximity correction (OPC) and verifications is important in order to detect and mitigate the problem in design and post-design stages. In this work, the origin of best focus variation is first studied analytically by analyzing a simple but important imaging problem. It shows that phase difference between diffraction orders causes best focus shift. Then a rigorous simulation of mask diffraction further shows that the phase difference induced by 3D mask topography is non-zero and is a function of pattern and angle of incidence onto the mask. As a result, 3D mask models that can take into account oblique incidence effects are required in order to accurately predict best focus variations in full-chip applications. Tachyon M3D is a fast 3D mask model developed for full-chip OPC and verifications. Its accuracy in predicting best focus variation against measured wafer data is evaluated in this work. The results show very good correlation between M3D simulations and experiments.