gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ALIAmide palmitoylethanolamide and cannabinoids, but not anandamide, are protective in a delayed postglutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death in cerebellar granule neurons (N-methyl-D-aspartateyneurotoxicityyN-acylethanolamidesyneuroprotectionyreceptor) (1996)

The amino acid L-glutamate is a neurotrans- mitter that mediates fast neuronal excitation in a majority of synapses in the central nervous system. Glutamate stimulates both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA recep- tors. While activation of NMDA receptors has been implicated in a variety of neurophysiologic processes, excessive NMDA receptor stimulation (excitotoxicity) is thought to be primarily responsible for neuronal injury in a wide variety of acute neurological disorders including hypoxia-ischemia, seizures, and trauma. Very little is known about endogenous molecules and mechanisms capable of modulating excitotoxic neuronal death. Saturated N-acylethanolamides like palmitoylethanol- amide accumulate in ischemic tissues and are synthesized by neurons upon excitatory amino acid receptor activation. Here we report that palmitoylethanolamide, but not the cognate N-acylamide anandamide (the ethanolamide of arachidonic acid), protects cultured mouse cerebellar granule cells against glutamate toxicity in a delayed postagonist paradigm. Palmi- toylethanolamide reduced this injury in a concentration- dependent manner and was maximally effective when added 15-min postglutamate. Cannabinoids, which like palmi- toylethanolamide are functionally active at the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 on mast cells, also prevented neuron loss in this delayed postglutamate model. Further- more, the neuroprotective effects of palmitoylethanolamide, as well as that of the active cannabinoids, were efficiently antagonized by the candidate central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) agonist anandamide. Analogous pharmacological be- haviors have been observed for palmitoylethanolamide (ALI- Amides) in downmodulating mast cell activation. Cerebellar granule cells expressed mRNA for CB1 and CB2 by in situ hybridization, while two cannabinoid binding sites were de- tected in cerebellar membranes. The results suggest that (i) non-CB1 cannabinoid receptors control, upon agonist binding, the downstream consequences of an excitotoxic stimulus; (ii) palmitoylethanolamide, unlike anandamide, behaves as an en- dogenous agonist for CB2-like receptors on granule cells; and (iii) activation of such receptors may serve to downmodulate deleterious cellular processes following pathological events or noxious stimuli in both the nervous and immune systems.
Condyloma Acuminatum of the Bladder and Associated Urothelial Malignancy (1985)

The extension of condylomata acuminata into the bladder is rare. Several reports have indicated an association of this disease with carcinoma of the penis and of the female genital tract. We report the first association of condyloma acuminatum with urothelial carcinoma in a man.
Effects of the surface treatment of Al particles and plating conditions on the surface structure and Al content of electroplated Ni-Al dispersion coatings. (1989)

An attempt was made to electroplate a uniform and defect-free Ni-Al dispersion coating which is rich in Al particle content. Since bare Al particles without surface treatment quickly dissolved into a Watts Ni bath and yielded cracked deposits, the particles were surface-treated with one of silane coupling with γ-aminopropyltrietoxy silane (γ-APS), boiling in distilled water for 20min., or electroless plating with a Ni-B alloy. Although these treatments strongly suppressed the dissolution of Al into the bath, baths containing the silane-coupled Al particles still yielded a cracked deposit. Deposits that were crack-free and uniform in Al particle distribution were obtained from baths containing the boiled Al particles or the Ni-B plated Al particles, the surfaces of which were composed of Al (OH)3 or Ni (OH)2, respectively. Among many plating variables, diluting the watts Ni bath and decreasing the stroke of the pumping plate were found to be quite effective in increasing the Al particle content of the coating.
Nerve Ultrasound in Diabetic Patients with Neuropathic Symptoms (P4.080) (2016)

OBJECTIVE: The investigation of nerve ultrasound findings in patients with diabetes mellitus type II (DM) and their correlation with nerve conduction studies and functional disability. BACKGROUND: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common neuropathy in the Western world. While nerve conduction studies (NCS) remain fundamental for the diagnosis of DPN, evolving imaging methods have recently posed new challenges in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. Ultrasonography is a simple, non-invasive method for visualizing structural changes in the peripheral nerves, whereas studies with a thorough ultrasound evaluation of DPN are lacking. METHODS: A total of 55 healthy controls and 44 patients with diabetes mellitus Type II underwent clinical (neuropathy symptoms score (NSS), neuropathy disability score (NDS)), sonographic and electrophysiological evaluation a mean of 14,3 years after disease onset. RESULTS: All 44 diabetic patients had symptoms and signs of neuropathy. Nerve ultrasound revealed statistically significant higher cross-sectional area (CSA) values of the median, ulnar, tibial and fibular (P<.0001) nerve in most of the anatomic sites and of the brachial plexus (supraclavicular; interscalene space, P = <.0001), when compared to control group. In the nerve conduction studies (NCS) a group of 39 patients had distal sensorimotor predominantly axonal neuropathy whereas a group of 5 patients (11[percnt]) had normal NCS. These five patients showed an increase of the CSA mostly in sites of nerve compression but also of the fibular nerve and tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. No correlation between sonographic and electrophysiological findings or clinical severity was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Nerve ultrasound revealed crucial morphological alterations in diabetic patients. CSA enlargement in compression sites indicates subclinical nerve affection and coincides with a susceptibility to entrapment syndromes. CSA increase in non-compression sites despite normal electrophysiology implies early morphological abnormalities. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm our results.
Reconstruction of dynamic forces during impact tests of a crushable structure (1993)

A force reconstruction technique is being used to assess the dynamic performance of a crushable structure (a bomb nose) in both the axial (90{degree}) and slapdown (30{degree}) impact conditions. The dynamic force characteristics for the current nose design, determined from these tests, will be used to write a dynamic force specification for a new nose design that will replace the current nose. Two structures for experimentally determining the dynamic force -- deflection characteristics of the old and new noses have been designed and constructed. One structure has the same dynamic characteristics as the bomb and is being used for axial and slapdown orientations with rocket-propelled testing. The second structure has the same mass as the bomb and is being used for iterative axial testing of candidate designs with a pneumatic ram. The structural characteristics of these two structures have been determined and are presented. A force reconstruction algorithm using the Sum of Weighted Accelerations Technique (SWAT) has been developed for each of the two structures. The force reconstruction algorithms have been verified for both structures using laboratory data. The force reconstruction process and the resulting algorithms are described. Data verifying the force reconstruction algorithms is presented.
Increase in the Number of Type II Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors during Propylthiouracil-Induced Hyperplasia in the Rat Thyroid* (1986)

We have observed that membranes isolated from rat thyroids contain receptors for the insulin-like growth factors (IGF). As IGFs are known to be important mediators of tissue growth, we conducted this study to determine whether modulation of thyroid IGF receptors might be involved in TSH-stimulated hyperplasia. A substantial increase in both the weight of the thyroid and its DNA content was observed within 2 days of exposing adult male rats to 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water. Serum T4 reached unmeasurable levels and serum TSH rose 3-fold over control by the tenth day of treatment. [125I]Iodo-human(h)IGF-II binding to membranes isolated from hyperplastic glands was significantly higher than control beginning at 2 days. A maximum was reached after 5 days (13.3 +/- 0.8%/25 micrograms protein vs. a control level of 6.7 +/- 0.7%, mean +/- SEM). The increase had disappeared by 15 days of PTU exposure, paralleling the drastic fall in the growth rate of the glands. This increase in binding was specific for the thyroid, as it was not seen in other organs. In both treated and control animals, the receptor involved was shown to be type II by preferential binding to IGF-II, lack of interaction with insulin, and molecular sizing. The observed increase in binding could be accounted for by an increase in receptor site number, the affinity remaining essentially the same. We conclude that the TSH-stimulated hyperplasia of the rat thyroid, induced by PTU, is associated with an increase in the binding sites of the type II IGF receptor. This observation raises the possibility that modulation of this receptor may play a role in the mediation of the mitogenic effect of TSH on the thyroid gland.
What Will Chemistry Do in the Next Twenty Years? (1990)

Abstract The path of chemistry in the future will be determined both by its participation in solving large‐scale societal problems and by its generation of new ideas through basic research. This article sketches four of the areas of societal “pull” in which chemistry will play a role in solving applied problems—national security, health care, the environment, and energy—and four areas in which basic research will be especially fruitful—materials chemistry, biological chemistry, computational chemistry, and chemistry exploring the limits of size and speed in chemical phenomena.
Studying trailfinding algorithms for enhanced web search (2010)

Search engines return ranked lists of Web pages in response to queries. These pages are starting points for post-query navigation, but may be insufficient for search tasks involving multiple steps. Search trails mined from toolbar logs start with a query and contain pages visited by one user during post-query navigation. Implicit endorsements from many trails can enhance result ranking. Rather than using trails solely to improve ranking, it may also be worth providing trail information directly to users. In this paper, we quantify the benefit that users currently obtain from trail-following and compare different methods for finding the best trail for a given query and each top-ranked result. We compare the relevance, topic coverage, topic diversity, and utility of trails selected using different methods, and break out findings by factors such as query type and origin relevance. Our findings demonstrate value in trails, highlight interesting differences in the performance of trailfinding algorithms, and show we can find best-trails for a query that outperform the trails most users follow. Findings have implications for enhancing Web information seeking using trails.
Identification of novel miRNA targets in CHO cell lines and characterization of their impact on protein N-glycosylation (2022)

CHO cell lines are a workhorse for the production of pharmaceutical proteins, but show some limitations in the variability and stability of N-glycosylation profiles. One promising approach to addressing this at the required systems-level is miRNA, which can regulate a large number of genes and have predictable targets. Herein, we first identified de novo 656 potential miRNAs in the CHO genome based on a combination of literature, database searching, and miRNA sequencing. We further sequenced mRNA from the same cultures, and used a combination of mRNA-miRNA correlation analysis, target prediction and literature searches to find miRNAs potentially targeting N-glycosylation. Our ten best miRNA candidates were subjected to miRNA overexpression, knockdown, or knock-out in CHO cell lines. Out of the ten candidates, four (miR-128, miR-34c, miR-30b, and miR-449a) showed positive effects on N-glycosylation and could be applied directly for CHO cell engineering. The fact that 40% of the screened targets had a desired effect, and the prediction of 656 miRNAs illustrates the massive potential of miRNA engineering in CHO.
Platinum(IV) Complexes: C−H Activation at Low Temperatures (2008)

The oxidation of square-planar cyclometalated Pt(II) phenylpyridine species using the electrophilic chlorine based oxidant PhICl2 has been studied. Rapid oxidations are observed in chloroform solvent at −40 °C leading to single products. In acetone solvent isomeric forms of the product are formed, and these are observed to isomerize at around −10 °C. The oxidation of a complex with an uncyclometalated pendant arm resulted in the very rapid cyclometalation of that arm by the resulting electrophilic Pt(IV) species.
Polymeric sensors for determination of rare-earth metal ions, based on diamides of dipicolinic acid (2011)

New polymeric sensors with high sensitivity to cations of transition metals and lanthanides in acid media are suggested. The role of active substances in the polymeric membranes of the sensors is played by diamides of dipicolinic acid with various structures, which are compounds exhibiting a high extraction capacity for various metals.
Assessment of Natural Variability of Maize Lipid Transfer Protein Using a Validated Sandwich ELISA (2017)

Lipid transfer protein (LTP) is the main causative agent for rare food allergic reactions to maize. This paper describes a new, validated ELISA that accurately measures maize LTP concentrations from 0.2 to 6.4 ng/mL. The levels of LTP ranged from 171 to 865 μg/g of grain, a 5.1-fold difference, across a set of 49 samples of maize B73 hybrids derived from the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) founder lines and a diverse collection of landrace accessions from North and South America. A second set of 107 unique samples from 18 commercial hybrids grown over two years across 10 U.S. states showed a comparable range of LTP level (212-751 μg/g of grain). Statistical analysis showed that genetic and environmental factors contributed 63 and 6%, respectively, to the variance in LTP levels. Therefore, the natural variation of maize LTP is up to 5-fold different across a diverse collection of varieties that have a history of safe cultivation and consumption.
Impact of patient-related factors on successful autologous fat injection laryngoplasty in thyroid surgical treated related unilateral vocal fold paralysis- observational study (2020)

The aim of this study was to compare major voice indicators in different sub-categories, the outcome of lipoinjection for patients might be refined and some voice prognostic factors could be more particularized in specific sub-groups. This is an observational study, and sub-grouped UVFP patients into 3 categories: male vs female, BMI ≥ 24 vs BMI < 24, Age ≥ 60 vs Age < 60 for more detailed exploring whether sub-categories affected voice diagnostic and prognostic parameters. Patients' voice data is recorded before and after the autologous fat injection laryngoplasty by a multidimensional voice program. Overall, 73 patients' voice performance were improved 12 months later by vocal fold lipoinjection. In the comparison of the male with female revealed female obtained better Jita than male by surgery (Female: 174.50 ± 100.58 Hz; Male: 294.82 ± 253.65 Hz; P < .05). BMI ≥ 24 vs BMI < 24 showed no statistical difference. Patients aged under 60 demonstrated better Highest F0, lowest F0, NHR and ShdB than elder ones 12 months after receiving vocal fold lipoinjection. Thus, Noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR), voice turbulence index (VTI), and ShdB (Absolute shimmer, dB) may be the major post-operative evaluating markers of patients' age under 60. Voice parameters showed no significant correlation with BMI. Female patients performed lower Jita (Absolute jitter, μsec) than male patients 1 year after receiving treatment. The experimental results in this study showed UVFP patients' gender and age may stand as significant categories on analyzing clinical voice prognostic indicators, ShdB and Jita of autologous injection laryngoplasty.
Facile Disulfide Bond Cleavage in Gaseous Peptide and Protein Cations by Ultraviolet Photodissociation at 157 nm (2005)

Overall charge unchanged: Disulfide bonds in gaseous polypeptide cations can be cleaved efficiently by ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 157 nm (see scheme). Unlike electron-capture dissociation, UVPD cleaves SS bonds without overall charge reduction in the product ions. This cleavage is suggested to be a result of electronic excitation caused by the absorption of photons of 7.9 eV. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501533_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FORMATION OF 1‐HYDROXYINDOLES IN THE LEIMGRUBER‐BATCHO INDOLE SYNTHESIS (1985)

Abstract Aus den β‐Dimethylamino‐2‐nitrostyrolen (I) erhält man bei der katalytischen Hydrierung die Indole (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyurethane‐ and Polystyrene‐Supported 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO); Facile Preparation, Catalytic Oxidation and Application in a Membrane Reactor. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A clickstream-based collaborative filtering personalization model (2004)

In recent years, clickstream-based Web personalization models for collaborative filtering recommendation have received much attention mainly due to their scalability [10,16,19]. The common personalization models are the Markov model, (sequential) association rule, and clustering. These models have shown strengths and weaknesses in their performance: for instance, the Markov model has higher precision and lower recall than (sequential) association rule and clustering, and vice versa [22]. In order to address the trade-off relationship of precision and recall, some study has combined two or more different models [22] or applied multi-order models [24,27]. The performance increases by these models, however, are at best marginal and still there is room for improving the performance because of their first order (one model type) application in making recommendation. We propose a new hybrid model for improving the performance, especially recall. The proposed hybrid model applies four prediction models - the Markov model, sequential association rule, association rule, and a default model [1,17] - in tandem in their precision order. We evaluated our model with Web usage data, and the result is promising.
Comparison of Laser Platform Estimation and Objective Measurement of Maximum Ablation Depth Using Scheimpflug Pachymetry in Myopic Femtosecond Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (2019)

In myopic FS-LASIK, laser platform estimation of maximum ablation depth correlates well with measurement of maximum ablation depth using Scheimpflug pachymetry and therefore can be used safely.
Laboratory Modeling of Vibro‐Driven Piles (1990)

TO better understand the factors influencing the driveability and bearing capacity of vibro‐driven piles, a large‐scale laboratory study was performed. The testing system consisted of a pressure chamber to simulate in situ stresses, a 4‐in.‐ (102‐mm‐) diameter instrumented displacement pile, a model vibratory driver, and a model impact hammer. The influence of soil and vibro‐driver parameters, in situ stress conditions, and restriking with an impact hammer on the performance of vibro‐driven pile was investigated. The soil parameters of interest were particle size (effective grain size of 0.2 mm and 1.2 mm) and relative density (65% and 90%). The vibratory‐driver parameters of interest were the frequency, eccentric moment, and bias weight applied to the vibrator. Based on maximum rate of penetration of the pile, an optimum driver frequency of 20 Hz was observed for the vibro‐driver‐pile‐soil system under investigation. The optimum driver frequency was not affected by the range of soil conditions, eccentric moment, and bias weight investigated. The relative density of soil has the greatest influence on the rate of penetration of vibro‐driven piles. Static and dynamic unit‐load‐transfer relationships were developed for piles driven by vibration and compared with those obtained for piles driven by impact under similar conditions. Impact‐driven piles developed higher capacity than vibro‐driven piles in medium‐dense sand (65% relative density), but the reverse was observed at 90% relative density, with vibro‐driven piles having greater bearing capacity.
Aloe vera: A short review (2008)

Aloe vera is a natural product that is now a day frequently used in the field of cosmetology. Though there are various indications for its use, controlled trials are needed to determine its real efficacy. The aloe vera plant, its properties, mechanism of action and clinical uses are briefly reviewed in this article.
Testing clustering strategies for metabarcoding‐based investigation of community–environment interactions (2018)

The degradation of freshwater ecosystems has become a common ecological and environmental problem globally. Owing to the complexity of biological communities, there remain tremendous technical challenges for investigating influence of environmental stressors (e.g., chemical pollution) on biological communities. High-throughput sequencing-based metabarcoding provides a powerful tool to reveal complex interactions between environments and biological communities. Among many technical issues, the clustering strategies for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which are crucial for assessing biodiversity of communities, may affect final conclusions. Here, we used zooplankton communities along an environmental pollution gradient in the Chaobai River in Northern China to test different clustering strategies, including nonclustering and clustering with varied thresholds. Our results showed that though the number of OTUs estimated by nonclustering strategies and clustering strategies with divergence thresholds of 99%-97% largely varied, they were able to identify the same set of significant environmental and spatial variables responsible for geographical distributions of zooplankton communities. In addition, the ecological conclusions obtained by clustering thresholds of 99%-97% were consistent with nonclustering strategies, where for all eight clustering scenarios we detected that species sorting predicted by environmental variables overrode dispersal as the dominant factor in structuring zooplankton communities. However, clustering with the divergence thresholds of <95% affected the environmental and spatial variables identified. We conclude that both newly developed nonclustering methods and traditional clustering methods with divergence thresholds ≥97% were reliable to reveal mechanisms of complex community-environment interactions, although different clustering strategies could lead to largely varied biodiversity estimates such as those for α-diversity.