gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced synchronous scan test methodology for multi clock domain ASICs (2003)

VLSI integrated circuits like complex ASICs and SOCs often require a multi clock design style for functional and/or performance reasons. Especially in telecom applications there are often many complex clock structures and clock domain transitions necessary. This requirement complicates the generation of structured test programs (Scan/ATPG, BIST) with current known methods. The result is a lot of test vectors which lead to long CPU and tester times for pattern generation, simulation and test application. Much effort is needed to generate skew insensitive test programs and verify them. This article describes a new approach of scan test implementation and generation of test programs for multi clock systems. By addition of a small and simple test circuit with standard library elements a almost push button solution is now possible. Effort for test program generation, CPU and tester time is reduced significantly. By use of a simple timeset, skew problems are eliminated since the circuit is fully synchronously tested by a two phase clocking scheme.
Amino acid composition of leaf proteins extracted from some aquatic weeds (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino acid composition of leaf proteins extracted from some aquatic weedsAnjana. DewanjiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 8, 1232–1236Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00032a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00032a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views691Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flaw sizing method based on ultrasonic dynamic thresholds and neural network (2016)

A dynamic threshold method for ultrasonic C-Scan imaging is developed to improve the performance of flaw sizing: the reference test blocks with flat-bottom hole flaws of different depths and sizes are used for ultrasonic C-Scan imaging. After preprocessing, flaw regions are separated from the C-scan image. Then the flaws are sized roughly by 6-dB-drop method. Based on the real size of flat-bottom holes, enumeration method is used to get the optimal threshold for the flaw. The neural network is trained using the combination of amplitude and depth of flaw echo, the rough size of flaw and the optimal threshold. Finally, the C-Scan image can be reconstructed according to dynamic threshold generated by trained RBF NN. The experimental results show that the presented method has better performance and it is ideally suited for automatic analysis of ultrasonic C-scan images.
Analysis Of Cyber Threat Detection And Emulation Using MITRE Attack Framework (2022)

With a rapid increase in Cyber-attacks, Threat hunters such as Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) and their teams requires to analyze different techniques being employed by adversaries to hit a target objective. The attacker objectives can be from entering in your network, accessing system files and folders remotely, getting higher system privileges, stealing confidential passwords etc. to destroying systems and network. Pre attack patterns defined in enterprise knowledge base can play a major role to track adversary techniques and procedures in order to defend and response from such attacks. Anomalous and intrusion activities need to be unfolded by the approach adversaries are adopting to demolish secure enterprise networks. An appropriate system is required to better handle modern attack approaches and strategies used by attackers in order to identify vulnerabilities and successfully defend network channels. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of different threat detection methods and how to mitigate their impacts using MITRE ATT&CK framework. This framework is an extensively and freely accessible knowledge repository of tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) to gain an insight into what techniques adversaries are using in real time applications which aids in developing robust threat controlling programs in private sector, government, and in cybersecurity community.
CYP2D plays a major role in berberine metabolism in liver of mice and humans (2011)

Berberine is a widely used plant extract for gastrointestinal infections, and is reported to have potential benefits in treatment for diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. It has been suggested that interactions between berberine-containing products and cytochromes P450 (CYPs) exist, but little is known about which CYPs mediate the metabolism of berberine in vivo. In this study, berberine metabolites in urine and feces of mice were analyzed, and the role that CYPs play in producing these metabolites were characterized in liver microsomes from mice (MLM) and humans (HLM), as well as recombinant human CYPs. Eleven berberine metabolites were identified in mice, including 5 unconjugated metabolites, mainly in feces, and 6 glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, predominantly in urine. Three novel berberine metabolites were observed. Three unconjugated metabolites of berberine were produced by MLM, HLM, and recombinant human CYPs. CYP2D6 was the primary recombinant human CYP producing these metabolites, followed by CYP1A2, 3A4, 2E1 and CYP2C19. The metabolism of berberine in MLM and HLM was decreased the most by a CYP2D inhibitor, and moderately by inhibitors of CYP1A and 3A. CYP2D plays a major role in berberine biotransformation, therefore, CYP2D6 pharmacogenetics and potential drug-drug interactions should be considered when berberine is used.
Effect of Altered Body CO2 Stores on Pulmonary Gas Exchange Dynamics During Incremental Exercise in Humans (1999)

The lactate threshold is a widely used and, at times, controversial construct in exercise physiology and pathophysiology. Its non-invasive estimation during incremental exercise depends upon CO2 output increasing as a function of O2 uptake, i.e. 'V-slope', as a result of bicarbonate buffering during the lactic acidosis. However, we hypothesised that the V-slope deflection could also occur as a consequence of metabolic CO2 being diverted proportionally more into the CO2 stores in the early phase of exercise. Eight healthy males performed two incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer, with and without controlled prior hyperventilation; the hyperventilation caused end-tidal PCO2 to decline by 10 mmHg, with the clearance of a CO2 volume averaging 2547 ml. This corresponded to an 'effective' CO2 capacitance of some 3.12 ml mmHg-1 kg-1. Gas exchange was determined breath-by-breath, and blood was sampled from the dorsum of the heated hand. Our results demonstrate that the early dynamics of CO2 wash-in to the previously depleted body stores can result in a 'pseudo-threshold', i.e. significantly before the onset of the actual lactic acidosis. Precautions should therefore be taken to avoid hyperventilation prior to non-invasive estimation of the lactate threshold.
Intranasal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding spike protein of SARS-coronavirus/polyethylenimine nanoparticles elicits antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses (2010)

These results showed that intranasal immunization with PEI/pci-S nanoparticles induce antigen specific humoral and cellular immune responses.
Highly resolved detection and selective focusing in a waveguide using the D.O.R.T. method (1999)

The D.O.R.T. method (French acronym for Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator) is a scattering analysis technique using an array of transducers. The method is effective to achieve detection and selective focusing on pointlike scatterers through inhomogeneous media [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 2067–2076 (1996)]. Laboratory measurements in a water waveguide are presented. Taking advantage of the multiple reflections at the interfaces of the guide, high resolution is achieved with the D.O.R.T. method. The separation of two scatterers and the selective focusing are obtained with a transverse resolution at least nine times better than the free-space limit prediction. The detection of a scatterer from the water/air interface of the guide is also achieved with high resolution (1/20 of the free space diffraction spot). The effect on the D.O.R.T. method of surface waves produced at one interface of the guide is measured. Finally, the impulse response function of each scatterer to the array is computed as a combination of the eigenvectors of the time-reversal operator obtained at each frequency. Using these impulse Green’s functions, selective focusing with high temporal and spatial compression is performed.
Prognostic factors influencing survival in patients with B‐cell small lymphocytic lymphoma (2004)

The term "B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma" (B-SLL) is generally reserved for patients with lymph node masses that show the histology and immunophenotype of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) but who are not leukemic. The aim of our study was to define clinical factors that predict for survival in B-SLL. Thirty-nine patients with B-SLL and with less than 5,000 mature-appearing lymphocytes/microL in the peripheral blood were studied. The median follow-up of survivors was 6.6 years (range, 1.6-12.3 years). The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival (FFS) were 66% and 23%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, significant adverse predictors for OS were age > or =60 years, B symptoms, elevated serum LDH, low hemoglobin (<11 g/dL), and high International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (3-5). In multivariate analysis, the IPI score was the only significant predictor of OS. Anemia and B symptoms were additionally predictive of poor OS in patients with low IPI scores.
Axonal transport of lectins in the peripheral nervous system (1982)

The binding and axonal transport of six lectins were studied in the peripheral nervous system of adult mice by an immunocytochemical method. After injection into muscle and subcutaneous sites, lectins known to bind preferentially N-acetylglucosamine or mannose sugars were transported axonally to ventral horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons. Twelve to 96 hr postinjection, these lectins were bound at the injection site to neuromuscular junctions, muscle spindles, and cutaneous nerves. Lectins known to bind preferentially N-acetylgalactosamine or galactose sugars, by contrast, were transported only to dorsal root ganglion neurons. Except for Sophora japonica agglutinin, these lectins were bound at the injection site only to cutaneous nerves. These differences in axonal transport were seen also when the lectins were applied directly to the proximal end of a transected mixed nerve.
Wound-induced calcium waves in alveolar type II cells (1997)

Alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells repopulate the alveolus after acute lung injury. We hypothesized that injury would initiate signals in nearby survivors. When rat ATII monolayers were wounded, elevations in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) began at the edge of the wound and propagated outward as a wave for at least 300 microns. The [Ca2+]i wave was due to both influx of extracellular Ca2+ and release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Reducing Ca2+ influx with brief treatments of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or Gd3+ reduced both the amplitude and the apparent speed. Draining intracellular Ca2+ stores by pretreatment with cyclopiazonic acid eliminated the [Ca2+]i wave. Therefore, the [Ca2+]i wave depended critically on intracellular Ca2+ stores. [Ca2+]i elevations propagated over a break in the monolayer, suggesting that extracellular pathways were involved. Furthermore, extracellular factors from injured cells elevated [Ca2+]i in uninjured cultures. We conclude that wounding produces a [Ca2+]i wave in surviving cells and part of this response is mediated by soluble factors released into the extracellular space during injury.
Fabrication of a thermoresponsive cell culture dish: a key technology for cell sheet tissue engineering (2010)

This article reviews the properties and characterization of an intelligent thermoresponsive surface, which is a key technology for cell sheet-based tissue engineering. Intelligent thermoresponsive surfaces grafted with poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) exhibit hydrophilic/hydrophobic alteration in response to temperature change. Cultured cells are harvested on thermoresponsive cell culture dishes by decreasing the temperature without the use of digestive enzymes or chelating agents. Our group has developed cell sheet-based tissue engineering for therapeutic uses with single layer or multilayered cell sheets, which were recovered from the thermoresponsive cell culture dish. Using surface derivation techniques, we developed a new generation of thermoresponsive cell culture dishes to improve culture conditions. We also designed a new methodology for constructing well-defined organs using microfabrication techniques.
Phage phenomics: Physiological approaches to characterize novel viral proteins (2018)

Current investigations into phage-host interactions are dependent on extrapolating knowledge from (meta)genomes. Interestingly, 60 - 95% of all phage sequences share no homology to current annotated proteins. As a result, a large proportion of phage genes are annotated as hypothetical. This reality heavily affects the annotation of both structural and auxiliary metabolic genes. Here we present phenomic methods designed to capture the physiological response(s) of a selected host during expression of one of these unknown phage genes. Multi-phenotype Assay Plates (MAPs) are used to monitor the diversity of host substrate utilization and subsequent biomass formation, while metabolomics provides bi-product analysis by monitoring metabolite abundance and diversity. Both tools are used simultaneously to provide a phenotypic profile associated with expression of a single putative phage open reading frame (ORF). Thus, representative results for both methods are compared, highlighting the phenotypic profile differences of a host carrying either putative structural or metabolic phage genes. In addition, the visualization techniques and high throughput computational pipelines that facilitated experimental analysis are presented.
Novel and Versatile Synthesis of Disubstituted 1,2-Dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones (2013)

A novel method for the synthesis of a wide range of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones is described. The key step involves a reaction between a dilithiated BOC-hydrazine and a N-alkoxycarbonylcarboximidothioate. A broad range of aryl and alkyl functional groups are tolerated, providing a versatile route for the synthesis of triazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐(+)‐β‐Piperonyl‐γ‐ butyrolactone. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantifying Shallow Subsurface Water and Heat Dynamics using Coupled Hydrological-Thermal-Geophysical Inversion (2016)

Abstract. Improving our ability to estimate the parameters that control water and heat fluxes in the shallow subsurface is particularly important due to their strong control on recharge, evaporation, and biogeochemical processes. The objectives of this study are to develop and test a new inversion scheme to simultaneously estimate subsurface hydrological, thermal and petrophysical parameters using hydrological, thermal and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data. The inversion scheme, which is based on a nonisothermal, multiphase hydrological model, provides the desired subsurface property estimates in high spatiotemporal resolution. A particularly novel aspect of the inversion scheme is the explicit incorporation of the dependence of the subsurface electrical resistivity on both moisture and temperature. The scheme was applied to synthetic case studies, as well as to real datasets that were autonomously collected at a biogeochemical field study site in Rifle, Colorado. At the Rifle site, the coupled, hydrological-thermal-geophysical inversion approach reproduced a relatively accurate time-series of measured matric potential, temperature, and apparent resistivity. Synthetic studies found that neglecting the subsurface temperature variability, and its effect on the electrical resistivity in the hydrogeophysical inversion, may lead to an incorrect estimation of the hydrological parameters. The approach is expected to be especially useful for the increasing number of studies that are taking advantage of autonomously collected ERT and soil measurements to explore complex terrestrial system dynamics.
Deimination of Human Myelin Basic Protein by a Peptidylarginine Deiminase from Bovine Brain (1993)

A peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD; EC 3.5.3.15) has been isolated from bovine brain and some of its characteristics have been studied. The enzyme showed an absolute requirement for Ca2+, a temperature optimum at approximately 50 degrees C, and two Km values when benzoylarginine ethyl ester was used as substrate, 0.78 mM and 11.2 mM. The higher Km has not been reported previously. Protein substrates for the enzyme included polyarginine and myelin basic protein but not histones. Because one of the components of MBP contains six citrullinyl residues per mole, enzymic deimination appeared to be a likely mechanism. When the most cationic component (C-1) was subjected to PAD in solution, 17 of the 19 arginyl residues were modified. From sequence analyses we concluded that the nature of the amino acid residues adjacent to the deiminated arginine were not modifiers of the reaction as arginyl residues in a variety of environments were deiminated. This deimination was reflected in a large increase in random structure, as measured by [theta]200. At 5 degrees C, the [theta]200 of the deiminated protein was -70 x 10(3) compared with -30 x 10(3) deg.cm2/dmol for the native protein. When the temperature was increased to 70 degrees C, the [theta]200 was -44 x 10(3) for the deiminated protein and -20 x 10(7) deg.cm2/dmol for the native C-1. When plotted as a function of temperature, [theta]200 decreased linearly from 5 degrees C to 50 degrees C for both proteins and did not change from 50 degrees C to 70 degrees C. PAD provides a mechanism for deimination of arginyl residues of myelin basic protein. The selective deimination of the six arginyl residues that are consistently found deiminated in C-8 may be determined by the orientation of the protein in the membrane and/or the more complex lipid composition of myelin may affect the selectivity of the deimination.
Design of a spring backbone micro endoscope (2007)

This work introduces a modified endoscope structure that employs a spring as its backbone. This design allows backdrivability of the mechanism due to the flexibility of the spring structure. Furthermore, the full 3 DOF motion including compression and two rotational motions can be realized. The geometric analysis, kinematic modeling, and actuator sizing for this device are conducted. Both simulation and experiment have been performed to show the effectiveness of this device.
New Model for Learning Ultrasound-Guided Needle to Target Localization (2008)

This report presents an inexpensive, variable complexity model for learning ultrasound-guided needle-to-target localization.
Photonic bandgap fiber-based Surface Plasmon Resonance sensors (2007)

The concept of photonic bandgap fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensor operating with low refractive index analytes is developed. Plasmon wave on the surface of a thin metal film embedded into a fiber microstructure is excited by a leaky Gaussian-like core mode of a fiber. We demonstrate that by judicious design of the photonic crystal reflector, the effective refractive index of the core mode can be made considerably smaller than that of the core material, thus enabling efficient phase matching with a plasmon, high sensitivity, and high coupling efficiency from an external Gaussian source, at any wavelength of choice from the visible to near-IR. To our knowledge, this is not achievable by any other traditional sensor design. Moreover, unlike the case of total internal reflection waveguide-based sensors, there is no limitation on the upper value of the waveguide core refractive index, therefore, any optical materials can be used in fabrication of photonic bandgap fiber-based sensors. Based on numerical simulations, we finally present designs using various types of photonic bandgap fibers, including solid and hollow core Bragg fibers, as well as honeycomb photonic crystal fibers. Amplitude and spectrum based methodologies for the detection of changes in the analyte refractive index are discussed. Furthermore, sensitivity enhancement of a degenerate double plasmon peak excitation is demonstrated for the case of a honeycomb fiber. Sensor resolutions in the range 7 * 10(-6) -5 * 10(-5) RIU were demonstrated for an aqueous analyte.
Solución robotizada para prever y detectar Xylella fastidiosa (2018)

Este trabajo describe el desarrollo de un pequeno robot de campo (XF-ROVIM) en el IVIA como solucion flexible para la deteccion temprana de Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) a nivel de la hoja. El robot se maneja por control remoto y esta equipado con diferentes sensores de deteccion proximal que pueden capturar de forma geolocalizada informacion termica, espectral y estructural de las plantas, a traves de diferentes tipos de camaras y un escaner laser (LiDAR). Hasta el momento, se han realizado dos ensayos en un campo potencialmente infectado en la provincia de Lecce (Italia) en el que se han capturado mas de 35.000 imagenes con las diferentes camaras, ademas de la estructura 3D de cada arbol. Los primeros indices vegetativos calculados a partir de la informacion espectral no han permitido determinar la infeccion, pero aun queda por analizar la informacion hiperespectral y termica, asi como crear modelos multivariantes que combinen toda la informacion obtenida. A los datos individuales de cada arbol se puede acceder facilmente a traves de Google Earth.
OPTIMIZED DUAL-TIME STEPPING TECHNIQUE FOR TIME-ACCURATE NAVIER-STOKES CALCULATIONS (2006)

This paper presents an optimized discretization of the time derivative term for the dual-time stepping method. The proposed discretization is second order accurate and has a lower level of dissipation and dispersion errors than the conventional non-optimized second order discretization. Sample calculations demonstrate that the optimized scheme requires approximately 45–50% less time steps per unsteady cycle compared to the standard non-optimized scheme to resolve an unsteady flow within a certain margin of amplitude error. The number of time steps per cycle can be reduced by 10–15% to keep the phase error less than a certain level when the optimized scheme is used. Since time-accurate calculations are expensive, the proposed approach leads to significant savings of computational time and resources.