gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon monoxide and methane in the North American Arctic and Subarctic troposphere: July–August 1988 (1992)

Measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) were made in the North American Arctic during July–August 1988. The distribution of CH 4 was variable in the atmospheric mixed layer (0–2 km), with concentrations determined primarily by interactions of biogenic emissions from wet tundra and turbulent mixing processes. Carbon monoxide exhibited little variation in unpolluted mixed layer environments indicating a minor role for biogenic sources and/or sinks in determining its distribution. In the free troposphere (2–6 km) both CO and CH 4 were variable. Concentration gradients were most frequently associated with intrusions of upper tropospheric or stratospheric air into the midtroposphere, emissions from forest and tundra fires, and long‐range transport of enhanced concentrations of these gases from unidentified sources. Summertime haze layers exhibited midtropospheric enhancements of CH 4 similar to those measured in winter Arctic haze events. However, these summer pollution episodes did not exhibit positive correlations with particulate sulfate. The summer Arctic and subarctic haze events observed during the Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3) were primarily a result of forest and tundra fires of natural origin. The tendency for relatively high variability of CO and CH 4 at altitudes of 3–6 km indicates that ground‐based monitoring will not provide an adequate assessment of the chemical composition of the Arctic troposphere to support future global change studies.
RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLOSPORINE-INDUCED GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH (2000)

Inter-patient variation in the extent and severity of GH is related to CsA dose and serum levels. Differences in host HLA phenotype do not explain individual susceptibility to GH, but donor-host HLA-A mismatching may be important. Inter-site variation in the extent and severity of the disease is related to local gingival inflammation.
Analyses of muscular dystrophy and Con A deficiency traits in testcross progeny of chickens (1984)

Hereditary muscular dystrophic chickens of the Storrs strain possess two genetic disorders, muscular dystrophy (MD) and a deficient concanavalin A (Con A), a T-cell mitogen, mediated splenic lymphocyte blastogenic response. A possible amelioration of the MD phenotype in MD chickens expressing normal Con A was postulated on the basis of progeny segregating for these two traits in F2 genetic analyses. To test this possibility, testcross progeny were examined for segregation of MD and Con A deficiency traits, and for the degree of muscle destruction and Con A deficiency. The data show both traits to be inherited independently as autosomal recessive traits, and do not support any phenotypic modifications occurring in chickens expressing MD with normal Con A. In the testcross progeny, the Con A deficiency disorder is equally deficient in normal and MD progeny, and the degree of muscle destruction as measured by serum creatine phosphokinase levels is equally great in MD chickens with or without the Con A deficiency trait. The reduced numbers of MD chickens in the testcross progeny can be accounted for by chance and probably reflect losses during in ovo development.
Implementation of a secure mobile application to improve care of patients with breast cancer: Experience from a medically underserved area. (2023)

e18701 Background: Breast cancer care is complex and requires coordination of interdependent events and patient communication to reduce delays and missed treatments. Preliminary research has suggested that mobile health interventions may be more user friendly and can impact disparities. We report a feasibility pilot use of a HIPAA compliant mobile application developed based on human factors research to allow patient navigators and care teams to discuss cancer patient care, share information and allow chat and text communication with patients and their invited support. Methods: We offered 26 consecutive newly diagnosed breast cancer patients the option to enroll in the study at the start of the treatment. Consenting patients were trained and invited to download and install the mobile application: MyCureTeam. The patients had the option to invite their loved ones or to designate a surrogate on their behalf. The surrogacy would help overcome adoption barriers like not having a smartphone or difficulty navigating the mobile application. We invited patients completing four or more weeks of use to complete a 27 questions survey consisting open-ended questions to be responded on a five-point Likert-scale to obtain qualitative data regarding their perception of the mobile application and its utility navigating their breast cancer journey. We offered patients completing the survey a $20 gift card. We started the project as a quality improvement initiative. We obtained ethical approval prior to dissemination of the results. Results: 25/26 patients consented to using the application. All patients were female with median age of 64.5 yrs (range: 41-87). 17 (68.0%) were above the age of 60 yrs. 19 (76.0%) women were non-Hispanic African-American. 5 patients designated surrogates on their behalf. All the surrogates were children. 35 invitations were sent to participate in patient care; the acceptance rate was 80%. 16 patients completed the follow-up survey. 94% of patients found it easy to download and use the application. Patients used the application to communicate with their providers, invite their support, check their tumor profile, and check on appointment and treatment schedule. A large majority agreed it provided support, made their care easier, would use it throughout their treatment, and would recommend it to other patients. 36% of patients used the patient portals and 75% preferred the App to the portal. Conclusions: This experience supports the feasibility of using a mobile application for patients to communicate with care team, involve their support, give access to details regarding the tumor, keep track of appointments and interventions. The concept of surrogacy in digital health needs further investigation as does involving patients’ support. The adoption rate of 96% in a largely elderly black population from a medically underserved area warrants further investigation.
Current-induced asymmetric magnetoresistance due to energy transfer via\n quantum spin-flip process (2016)

Current-induced magnetization excitation is a core phenomenon for\nnext-generation magnetic nanodevices, and has been attributed to the\nspin-transfer torque (STT) that originates from the transfer of the spin\nangular momentum between a conduction electron and a local magnetic moment\nthrough the exchange coupling. However, the same coupling can transfer not only\nspin but also energy, though the latter transfer mechanism has been largely\nignored. Here we report on experimental evidence concerning the energy transfer\nin ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers. The magnetoresistance (MR) is found to\ndepend significantly on the current direction down to low in-plane currents,\nfor which STT cannot play any significant role. Instead we find that the\nobserved MR is consistent with the energy transfer mechanism through the\nquantum spin-flip process, which predicts short wavelength,\ncurrent-direction-dependent magnon excitations in the THz frequency range. Our\nresults unveil another aspect of current-induced magnetic excitation, and open\na channel for the dc-current-induced generation of THz magnons.\n
Coadjoint orbits in duals of Lie algebras with admissible ideals (2017)

We analyze the symplectic structure of the coadjoint orbits of Lie groups with Lie algebras that contain admissible ideals. Such ideals were introduced by Pukanszky to investigate the global symplectic structure of simply connected coadjoint orbits of connected, simply connected, solvable Lie groups. Using the theory of symplectic reduction of cotangent bundles, we identify classes of coadjoint orbits which are vector bundles. This implies Pukanszky's earlier result that such orbits have a symplectic form which is the sum of the canonical form and a magnetic term. This approach also allows us to provide many of the essential details of Pukanszky's result regarding the existence of global Darboux coordinates for the simply connected coadjoint orbits of connected, simply connected solvable Lie groups. Bibliography: 26 titles.
An elementary magnetic attitude control system (1974)

A three-axis closed-loop attitude-control system for earth-observatory momentum-bias spacecraft is proposed. A horizon scanner and magnetometer are employed to measure attitude errors; no yaw sensor is required. Appropriate control signals are generated and used to command variable-strength electromagnets, which interact with the geomagnetic field to reduce observed errors. This system provides for initial acquisition, precession control, nutation damping, and pitch-axis momentum control. All functions are performed autonomously - no ground-station interaction is required. Analytical expressions predicting system response are compared with numerical solutions of the governing equations, and with the results of the application of Floquet Theory.-
Efficient transmission of triangle meshes to graphics processors (2002)

The performance of VLSI graphics processors is rising rapidly with the incorporation of specialized 3D geometry processing hardware into the graphics accelerator. Due to memory and bus bandwidth limitations, host systems often cannot deliver geometric data to graphics processors fast enough to saturate their processing capability. This paper proposes a compression scheme designed to alleviate the bandwidth bottleneck by transmitting triangle meshes to the graphics engine as an instruction stream. Controlling a vertex cache within the graphics subsystem allows redundant vertex transmissions and thus transformations to be virtually eliminated. The non-vertex bandwidth overhead is approximately 2-4 bits/triangle, which is less than half the overhead of competing techniques.
1934 (2014)

Abstract In these diary entries written between January and October 1934, Hollywood screenwriter Charles Brackett lists his activities: meeting John Van Druten, who mentioned a report from Hollywood about director George Cukor and his film Little Women; going to Miami by train to meet George Abbot; traveling by plane to Barbados, where he was met by Alice Duer Miller and Irving and Ellin Berlin; receiving a wire from Otto Liveright, who asked if Brackett would accept a Hollywood job now; traveling by train to New York; consulting Alexander Woollcott as to the advisability of showing the manuscript of his book Entirely Surrounded to Dorothy Parker; going to the Paramount studio, where he saw producer Merritt Hulburd and met screenwriter Keene Thompson; luncheon with Beatrice and Don Stewart; going to see The House of Rothschild at Sid Grauman's Chinese Theater; having a conversation with Arthur Hornblow about his script Pursuit of Happiness; and having a conference with Louise Long.
Optimization of a Key Step of Synthesis of l-Acosamine and l-Daunosamine Derivatives (2006)

An optimization of synthesis of 3-N-(allyloxycarbonyl)-4-O-acetyl-3-amino-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-arabino-hex-1-enitol (D-2), a key intermediate in the six-step synthesis of daunosamine glycoside, was performed at laboratory scale. The D-2 compound was obtained according to the following scheme: where R = allyl, benzyl. While taking into account a remarkable sensitivity of the D-2 yield (varied from a few percent to ∼50%) on the reaction conditions, a series of experiments was performed in order to determine the most suitable reaction conditions both to increase the D-2 yield and, simultaneously, to reduce the amount of the unconsumed D-1 substrate. Six reaction parameters (temperature of the reaction, time, D-1 concentration, type of sodium carbonate, temperature of hydrolysis, and amount of isocyanate denoted as x1−x6 variables) were selected for optimization and two reaction responses (D-2 yield and D-1 content, denoted as y1 and y2, respectively) were monitored. The optimization was performed in two steps. In the course of the first step (8 experiments), it was realized that two of five variables studied, i.e., x1 and x2 selected from x1−x5, can be variables of major importance controlling the D-2 synthesis. In the course of a subsequent second step of optimization (next 15 experiments), a set of six variables (including the amount of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, x6) was studied. The exploration of the reaction response surface (y1, y2) was supported by mathematical modeling with the use of the multiple linear regression and the partial least squares methods. As a result, we localized those regions of reaction parameters that lead to high, max ∼60% (determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), yield of D-2 and contain less than 5% of D-1. We also determined regions of low yield that can facilitate control of reaction parameters in case of their perturbations. The present optimized D-2 yield at laboratory scale corresponds well with the 53−56% yield of D-2 obtained at the pilot-plant scale.
Using Quenching Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Amino-Fluorophores as Empirical Tools for Predicting Boronic Acid Sensors Suitable for Use in Physiological Conditions (2011)

A series of water-soluble 1-amino-naphthalenes and 2-amino-fluorenes are prepared. These serve as model fluorophores for measuring the thermodynamics and kinetics of fluorescence quenching with phenylboronic acids and aliphatic amines. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching kinetics are investigated using the Stern–Volmer method. Diffusion limited quenching constants and exergonic thermodynamics of electron transfer are derived for the 5-amino-1-napthol and 2-aminofluorene derivatives with phenylboronic acid and/or an aliphatic imine. No quenching and endergonic thermodynamics or electron transfer are observed for 5-sulfonamide, 5-sulfonic acid, or 5-hydroxy-7-sulfonic acid aminonaphthalene derivatives. Boronic acid sensors synthesized from these aminofluorophores by reductive amination with 2-formylphenylboronic acid undergo fluorescence revival in the presence of saccharides only when the fluorophore demonstrates diffusion limited quenching kinetics and exergonic thermodynamics of electron transfer with the boronic acid or imine quenchers. Thus, these two properties are suitable empirical tools for predicting saccharide-induced fluorescence revival of boronic acid sensors.
Low-lying excited states and low-temperature properties of an alternating spin-1–spin-1/2 chain: A density-matrix renormalization-group study (1997)

We report spin wave and density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) studies of the ground and low-lying excited states of uniform and dimerized alternating spin chains. The DMRG procedure is also employed to obtain low-temperature thermodynamic properties of the system. The ground state of a 2N spin system with spin-1 and spin- alternating from site to site and interacting via an antiferromagnetic exchange is found to be ferrimagnetic with total spin ${\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{G}}$=N/2 from both DMRG and spin wave analysis. Both the studies also show that there is a gapless excitation to a state with spin ${\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{G}}$-1 and a gapped excitation to a state with spin ${\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{G}}$+1. Surprisingly, the correlation length in the ground state is found to be very small from both the studies for this gapless system. For this very reason, we show that the ground state can be described by a variational ansatz of the product type. DMRG analysis shows that the chain is susceptible to a conditional spin-Peierls' instability. The DMRG studies of magnetization, magnetic susceptibility (\ensuremath{\chi}), and specific heat show strong magnetic-field dependence. The product \ensuremath{\chi}T shows a minimum as a function of temperature (T) at low-magnetic fields and the minimum vanishes at high-magnetic fields. This low-field behavior is in agreement with earlier experimental observations. The specific heat shows a maximum as a function of temperature and the height of the maximum increases sharply at high-magnetic fields. It is hoped that these studies will motivate experimental studies at high-magnetic fields.
Discovery of relaxant flavonols without antioxidant activity (2008)

3′,4′‐dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is an antioxidant and vasorelaxant that reduces injury after ischaemia and reperfusion. We synthesized a series of compounds based on DiOHF with pharmacophore modifications at the 3′ and 4′ positions on the B ring and examined the biological activity for the 18 novel flavonols [4′‐substituted flavonols (H; OH; OMe; Me; Cl; CF 3 ; C(CH 3 ) 3 ); 3′‐substituted flavonols (H; OH; OMe; Me; Cl; CF 3 ) and 4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐substituted flavonols (H; OH; OMe; Me; Br; CF 3 ; C(CH 3 ) 3 )]. Each flavonol was examined for its ability to relax rat isolated aortic rings precontracted with KCl (30 mM). The most active flavonols (Rmax&gt;80%) were those with a hydroxy group at the 4′ position (eg, DiOHF, pEC 50 =5.30±0.07, Rmax=102±1%; 4′‐OH‐3′‐OCH 3 flavonol, 5.35±0.03, 98±2%; 4′‐OCH 3 flavonol, Rmax=37±4%). The antioxidant activity of each flavonol was then assessed by lucigenin‐enhanced chemiluminescence and assays to assess endothelial dysfunction due to oxidant stress. With the exception of DiOHF, none of these flavonols (at 10 ‐5 M) were able to significantly scavenge superoxide radical or prevent pyrogallol or xanthine/xanthine oxidase‐induced endothelial dysfunction. The discovery of vasorelaxant flavonols without antioxidant activity, such as 4′‐OH‐3′‐OCH 3 flavonol, will assist in investigating the mechanism of flavonol‐induced cardioprotection.
Intrinsic Image Decomposition Using Optimization and User Scribbles (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel high-quality intrinsic image recovery approach using optimization and user scribbles. Our approach is based on the assumption of color characteristics in a local window in natural images. Our method adopts a premise that neighboring pixels in a local window having similar intensity values should have similar reflectance values. Thus, the intrinsic image decomposition is formulated by minimizing an energy function with the addition of a weighting constraint to the local image properties. In order to improve the intrinsic image decomposition results, we further specify local constraint cues by integrating the user strokes in our energy formulation, including constant-reflectance, constant-illumination, and fixed-illumination brushes. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a better recovery result of intrinsic reflectance and illumination components than the previous approaches.
A Monte-Carlo code for the detailed simulation of electron and light-ion tracks in condensed matter (2006)

In an effort to understand the basic mechanism of the action of charged particles in solid radiation dosimeters, we extend our Monte-Carlo code (MC4) to condensed media (liquids/solids) and present new track-structure calculations for electrons and protons. Modeling the energy dissipation process is based on a model dielectric function, which accounts in a semi-empirical and self-consistent way for condensed-phase effects which are computationally intractable. Importantly, these effects mostly influence track-structure characteristics at the nanometer scale, which is the focus of radiation action models. Since the event-by-event scheme for electron transport is impractical above several kilo-electron volts, a condensed-history random-walk scheme has been implemented to transport the energetic delta rays produced by energetic ions. Based on the above developments, new track-structure calculations are presented for two representative dosimetric materials, namely, liquid water and silicon. Results include radial dose distributions in cylindrical and spherical geometries, as well as, clustering distributions, which, among other things, are important in predicting irreparable damage in biological systems and prompt electric-fields in microelectronics.
Variable-Temperature Microelectrode Voltammetry:  Application to Diffusion Coefficients and Electrode Reaction Mechanisms (1999)

An apparatus for the measurement of steady-state microelectrode voltammetry at elevated temperatures is described. The scope of this experimental approach as a method for the determination of diffusion coefficients at variable temperatures in the case of simple one-electron processes is demonstrated. Diffusion coefficients over a range of temperatures are derived for N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylphenylenediamine in both acetonitrile and water solvents, tris-4-bromophenylamine in acetonitrile, and ferrocene in acetonitrile and dimethylformamide from which activation energies for diffusion are obtained. Diffusion coefficient values are used to derive Stokes−Einstein radii for each species in solution. The electroreductions of o-bromonitrobenzene in dimethylformamide and 9-chloroanthracene in acetonitrile are studied as a function of temperature and activation energies estimated for carbon−halide bond cleavage in the corresponding radical anions.
Simulation and Design of Nanocircuits With Resonant Tunneling Devices (2007)

New nanotechnology-based devices are being researched to replace CMOS devices in order to overcome CMOS technology's scaling limitations. However, many such devices exhibit nonmonotonic I-V characteristics and uncertain properties which lead to the negative differential resistance (NDR) problem and the chaotic performance. This paper proposes two new circuit simulation approaches that can effectively simulate nanotechnology devices with uncertain input sources and negative differential resistance problem. A new tool called NanoSim-RTD is developed based on the proposed new simulation techniques. The experimental results show a speedup of 1.48-37.1 times when compared with existing simulators. Further, this paper demonstrates a new way to design delay-insensitive nanocircuits, and the designs can be verified by using NanoSim-RTD.
Characterization of Adsorbed Protein Films by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry with Principal Component Analysis (2001)

Characterization of the adsorbed protein film that forms upon implantation of a biomedical device is a long-standing interest in biomaterials research. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF−SIMS) is a powerful method for the characterization of adsorbed proteins on biomaterial surfaces due to its chemical specificity and surface sensitivity. However, the SIMS fragmentation patterns for proteins are quite complex due to the heterogeneity of the protein sequence. Therefore, the multivariate analysis technique principal components analysis (PCA) was used to obtain a more detailed interpretation of the protein SIMS spectra. This study utilizes single component adsorbed protein films on three model substrates and multivariate analysis of the ToF−SIMS data to determine the identity of protein films. Furthermore, ToF−SIMS and PCA were used to give insight into the composition of a 1% bovine plasma protein film. The single component spectra from 13 different proteins were readily distinguishable using PCA. The major component of the 1% bovine plasma film was found to shift from fibrinogen to γ-globulins over the course of 2 h, in agreement with the current literature. This study shows how combination of ToF−SIMS and PCA provides new insights into the composition of adsorbed protein films on biomaterial surfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUENT EFFECT IN THE REACTION OF ARYL ARYLMERCURY SULFIDES WITH PICRYL IODIDE (1976)

Abstract Die Kinetik der Titelreaktion der Titelverbindungen (I) und (II) zu den Produkten (III) und (IV) in Benzol beiv30°C wird untersucht.