gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conservative effects in spin-transfer-driven magnetization dynamics (2014)

It is shown that under certain conditions spin transfer results in conservative magnetization dynamics. This dynamics occurs along closed precessional-type trajectories, and it admits a special integral of motion which is reduced to the usual magnetic energy when the spin current is reduced to zero. The existence of this conservative dynamics is due to the symmetry properties of the magnetization dynamics equation with respect to simultaneous inversions of magnetization and time. When an external dc magnetic field is applied parallel to the spin polarization, the conservative magnetization dynamics is transformed into relaxations. It is demonstrated that there exists such a state function (Lyapunov function) that monotonically either increases or decreases during these relaxations, depending on the directions of the injected current and applied dc magnetic field. These results hold in the absence of intrinsic (thermal) damping. When the intrinsic damping is included in the description, mutual compensation between field-induced and damping-induced nonconservative effects may occur, which may eventually lead to the appearance of limit cycles, that is, of magnetization self-oscillations.
Safe parallel programming using dynamic dependence hints (2011)

Speculative parallelization divides a sequential program into possibly parallel tasks and permits these tasks to run in parallel if and only if they show no dependences with each other. The parallelization is safe in that a speculative execution always produces the same output as the sequential execution.
Expected Label Value Computation for Atlas-Based Image Segmentation (2019)

The use of multiple atlases is common in medical image segmentation. This typically requires deformable registration of the atlases (or the average atlas) to the new image, which is computationally expensive and susceptible to entrapment in local optima. We propose to instead consider the probability of all possible transformations and compute the <i>expected label value (ELV)</i>, thereby not relying merely on the transformation resulting from the registration. Moreover, we do so without actually performing deformable registration, thus avoiding the associated computational costs. We evaluate our ELV computation approach by applying it to liver segmentation on a dataset of computed tomography (CT) images.
Suprascapular Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Relief in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A New Modality? (1998)

RITCHIE, EWAN D.; TONG, DORIS; CHUNG, FRANCES; NORRIS, ANDREW M.; MINIACI, ANTHONY; VAIRAVANATHAN, SANTHIRA D. Author Information
Microgrids management (2008)

The environmental and economical benefits of the microgrid and consequently its acceptability and degree of proliferation in the utility power industry, are primarily determined by the envisioned controller capabilities and the operational features. Depending on the type and depth of penetration of distributed energy resource (DER) units, load characteristics and power quality constraints, and market participation strategies, the required control and operational strategies of a microgrid can be significantly, and even conceptually, different than those of the conventional power systems.
Materials progress for the development of beta-Ga2O3 for power electronics (2021)

In the past year and a half, major progress has been realized in beta-Ga2O3 as a power electronic material. In comparison with other wide and ultrawide bandgap (WBG and UWBG) semiconductors, bulk beta-Ga2O3 can be grown directly from the melt. The material offers controlled donor doping with Si, Ge, or Sn, remarkably low background unintentional compensating acceptor concentration, intentional compensation doping with Mg, Fe, or N. The material offers controlled wet etching. Recent thermal calculations show that despite the modest thermal conductivity (~1/2 of GaAs), heat can be managed in canonical lateral and vertical devices designs. For vertical devices, taking into account dopant ionization energies, a revised figure of merit for minimum on-resistance shows the superior performance potential for beta-Ga2O3 compared to all WBG and UWBG semiconductors.
Foliage distribution in old-growth coniferous tree canopies (1982)

The vertical distribution of foliage for several old-growth trees is discussed and modeled. The data include the foliage distribution of nine Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) crowns, the foliage distribution of a sugar pine (Pinuslambertiana Dougl.) crown, and the foliage distribution of a composite of the nine Douglas-fir trees which represents the stand canopy. The data show that the foliage is distributed asymmetrically in the crown with the maximum amount often located at a height approximately equal to 80% of the tree height. The data further show that the crown base is 9–30 m above the ground. Five different mathematical models of the foliage distribution (a normal distribution, a chi-square distribution, a beta distribution, a difference of exponentials, and a chi-square-like distribution) are fitted to the data and compared. The beta distribution and the chi-square distribution appear to fit the data slightly better than the others; but the differences in r 2 between all the models are often small. The normal distribution has the advantage that it shows the least variability from one tree to the next; however, it also has the disadvantage that it is significantly different from zero at the top of all the tree crowns modeled here.
Hypochlorite injury of Clostridium botulinum spores alters germination responses (1983)

Clostridium botulinum spores were sublethally damaged by exposure to 12 or 28 micrograms of available chlorine per ml for 2 min at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0. The damaging dose was 2.7 x 10(-6) to 3.1 x 10(-6) micrograms of available chlorine per spore. Damage was manifested by a consistent 1.6 to 2.4 log difference between the most probable number enumeration of spores (modified peptone colloid medium) and the colony count (modified peptone yeast extract glucose agar); this did not occur with control spores. Damaged spores could be enumerated by the colony count procedure. Germination responses were measured in several defined and nondefined media. Hypochlorite treatment altered the rate and extent of germination in some of the media. Calcium lactate (9 mM) permitted L-alanine (4.5 mM) germination of hypochlorite-treated spores in a medium containing 12 or 55 mM sodium bicarbonate, 0.8 mM sodium thiosulfate, and 100 mM Tris-hydrochloride (pH 7.0) buffer. Tryptose inhibited L-alanine germination of the spores. Treatments with hypochlorite and with hydrogen peroxide (7%, 25 degrees C, 2 min) caused similar enumeration and germination responses, indicating that the effect was due to a general oxidation phenomenon.
[Electron microscope study of protein P55 interaction with myosin]. (1986)

It was shown by electron microscopic study that in the presence of inhibitor of myosin ATPase protein P55 the long fibrils of myosin became short.
Multi-Agent Pickup And Delivery Planning With Transfers (2018)

In Pickup and Delivery Problems (PDPs), mobile vehicles retrieve and deliver a set of items. The PDP is a well-studied, NP-hard problem. Examples of the PDP include mail and courier services, taxis, ridesharing services, and robots such as our own CoBots and CreBots, which retrieve and deliver items for the occupants of a building, and are the motivation for this thesis. The goal of the PDP is to find a schedule that delivers as many items as possible at the lowest cost, under various constraints such as time windows and vehicle capacities. We augment the PDP with transfers to form the PDP with Transfers (PDP-T). Instead of having a single vehicle retrieve and deliver each item, vehicles can transfer items to other vehicles (or chains of vehicles) for delivery. Allowing transfers makes lower cost solutions feasible, but increases the number of possible schedules exponentially. In this thesis, we contribute a series of algorithms to form schedules for variants of the PDP-T. We introduce the Very Large Neighborhood Search with Transfers (VLNS-T) algorithm to plan schedules for the most general version of the PDP-T, with constraints including time windows, capacities, vehicle start and end locations, maximum item transport times, and maximum vehicle route durations. We also contribute algorithms for simplified variants of the PDP-T, which take advantage of the problem structure to find solutions more quickly and more effectively than the general algorithm for specific PDP-T variants, some with provable guarantees. We also study the challenges of deploying PDP-T schedules on physical robots, and execute PDP-T schedules on the CoBots. The robots reschedule their tasks in response to new requests, delays, failures, and shared information from other robots. We also introduce the CreBots, which transfer items fully autonomously. Our PDP-T algorithms are evaluated on benchmark problems, on the CoBots, and on problems on city maps sampled from real world taxi data, demonstrating that lower cost schedules can be found with transfers.
The Preparation of Thin Films of B-1 Structure Superconducting Ternary Compounds (1973)

NbN, a binary B-1 structure superconducting compound, has been successfully prepared in thin film form by a high-purity sputtering process [J. R. Gavaler, J. K. Hulm, M. A. Janocko, and C. K. Jones, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 6, 177 (1969)]. In this paper, we report on the deposition of ternary compounds, based on NbN, using a similar technique. The inclusion of a third element, such as carbon, titanium, or zirconium into the NbN structure was accomplished by sputtering in an argon-nitrogen atmosphere from a two-element target. These targets were made either by hot pressing a powder mixture of the elements into a proper form or by welding together two metal sheets into a single unit. Superconducting transition temperatures of ≳ 17 K have been obtained in both Nb–C–N and Nb–TiN thin films by depositing these films at very high temperatures. However, critical current and field data measured at 4.2 K showed that the use of very high substrate temperatures also caused a deleterious effect on these properties.
MHD stability in low-aspect-ratio tokamaks (1986)

Interest in tokamak configurations with high ..beta.. has led to renewed study of low-aspect-ratio tokamaks. We present a quantitative estimate of the MHD (..beta../sub crit/) predicted for such configurations, with emphasis on experimentally feasible cases. Ideal MHD stability calculations, extending previous results to the regime with aspect ratio less than 2.5, show that stability follows the Troyon semi-empirical scaling law. We find this scaling law to be a reliable theoretical guide in the search for high ..beta.. configurations at low aspect ratio. Ideally stable equilibria with (..beta..) approx.40% are found at an aspect ratio of 1.67. These calculations employ high-resolution equilibria to examine axisymmetric, low-n (n less than or equal to 3), and infinite-n ideal modes. Nonlinear resistive tearing mode calculations show that decreasing aspect ratio also leads to a reduction in the predicted saturation levels of m = 2/n = 1, m = 3/n = 2 islands and in their overlap region. The m = 1/n = 1 reconnection time has been found to increase as aspect ratio is reduced, leading to the possibility of sawtooth stabilization at low aspect ratio and high temperature.
The STAR DAQ receiver board (2000)

Data digitized on the STAR TPC detector are transmitted via 1.5 Gbit/sec optical fiber to the DAQ receiver boards (RB) located in Sector VME crates. The RE contains the optical receiver, Glink decoder, high speed bus to deliver data to three Mezzanines, which perform the processing. The RE back end provides an interface between VME64 and PCI, serving as interconnect between all of the Mezzanines, the VME bus, and resources local to the receiver board. Each Mezzanine hosts an Intel I960HD superscalar RISC CPU, which performs 2-dimensional cluster-finding and data formatting. Dual-ported VRAM provide storage for 12 TPC events. Incoming data are processed in real time by a bank of ASICs which perform pedestal subtraction, 10-bit to 8-bit compression via table lookup, and compilation of a sequence pointer bank for use by the CPU during cluster-finding. Communication among the I960s and the master CPU in the VME crate takes place through mailboxes and doorbells implemented in the I960-PCI bridge chips.
Tissue expansion: Concepts, techniques and unfavourable results (2013)

The phenomenon of tissue expansion is observed in nature all the time. The same properties of the human skin to stretch and expand and yield extra skin if placed under continuous stress over a prolonged period of time has been utilised for reconstructive purposes with the help of a silicon balloon inserted under the skin and progressively filled with saline. The technique of tissue expansion is now more than three decades old and has been a value addition to our armamentarium in reconstructive surgery in all parts of the body. However, it still requires careful patient selection, meticulous planning and faultless execution to successfully carry out the process, which usually lasts for more than 8-12 weeks and involves two sittings of surgery. Any compromise in this process can lead to unfavourable results and complications, some minor, which allow continuance of the process to attain the expected goal and others major, which force abandonment of the process without reaching the expected goal. This article seeks to highlight the intricacies of the concept of tissue expansion, the technique related to flawless execution of the process and likely complications with emphasis on their management. We also present our results from a personal series of 138 patients operated over a period of 18 years between 1994 and 2012.
Data from Induction of Interleukin-6 by Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein in Hepatitis C–Associated Mixed Cryoglobulinemia and B-Cell Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Chronic hepatitis C carries the risk to develop mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and B-cell non–Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), possibly because viral antigens stimulate the host's inflammatory response via extracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRR). To clarify this issue, we studied whether recognition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins by PRR is involved in the pathogenesis of HCV-associated MC or B-NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with HCV-associated B-NHL (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12), MC (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 14), uncomplicated hepatitis C (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12), and healthy volunteers (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12) were incubated with the recombinant HCV proteins E2, core, and NS3 to study induction of cytokine production, stimulation of B-cell proliferation, and immunoglobulin secretion. In addition, serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; HCV core was the only studied protein, which induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in CD14&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells. IL-6 induction was mediated via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and lead to increased B-cell proliferation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. TLR2 expression on monocytes and IL-6 serum concentrations were increased in all groups of HCV-infected patients compared with healthy controls and were highest in MC (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Increased secretion of IL-6 via stimulation of TLR2 by HCV core protein may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C–associated MC and B-NHL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The First 6,8-Cycloeudesmane Sesquiterpene from a Marine Organism: The Red Seaweed Laurencia microcladia from the Baia di Calenzana, Elba Island (2002)

Reported here is the isolation and structural elucidation of a new 6,8-cycloeudesmane sesquiterpene, 5-bromo-1-isopropyl-2,5a-dimethyl-decahydro-cyclopropa[a]inden-2-ol (5), alongside the known sesquiterpenes (-)-δ-cadinene (7) and (+)-α-cadinol (8), from the red seaweed Laurencia microcladia Kützing of the Baia di Calenzana, Elba Island. Other than belonging to a rare sesquiterpene class, 5 is the first 6,8-cycloeudesmane sesquiterpene of marine origin.
Using event segmentation to improve indexing of consumer photographs (2001)

Automatic albuming --- the automatic organization of photographs, either as an end in itself or for use in other applications -- is an application that promises to be of great assistance to photographers. Relatively sophisticated image content analysis techniques have been used for image indexing, organization and retrieval. In this paper, we describe a method of organizing photographs into events using spoken photograph captions. The results of this process can be used to improve image indexing and retrieval.
Bone‐particle‐impregnated bone cement: An in vitro study (1987)

Bone-particle-impregnated bone cement specimens (up to 30% by weight) were characterized by various test methods. The experimental bone cement showed decreased crack propagation rates and increased Young's modulus, while the ultimate tensile strength and impact strength were decreased. The viscosity could be adjusted by adding initiators lost when substituting the PMMA powder with bone particles. The present study warranted further in vivo experiments on the possibility of tissue ingrowth for which the new bone cement was developed.
Renal Function as a Predictor of Outcome in a Broad Spectrum of Patients With Heart Failure (2006)

Impaired renal function is independently associated with heightened risk for death, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with CHF with both preserved as well as reduced LVEF. There was no evidence that the beneficial effect of candesartan was modified by baseline eGFR.
Probabilistic object recognition and pose estimation by fusing multiple algorithms (2013)

Reliable object recognition is a mandatory prerequisite for Service Robots in everyday environments. Typical approaches for object recognition use single algorithms or features. However, none is yet able to classify across all types of objects and the field of object recognition is thus still an open challenge. We propose an approach for object recognition and pose estimation that combines existing algorithms. Probabilistic methods are used to fuse the classification and pose estimation results, considering the error introduced by the measurements, actuators (sensor on manipulator) and algorithms. Since integration is one of the real challenges from the laboratory towards the real world, we demonstrate the approach in two fully integrated scenarios. We run the experiments on two platforms and focus on the distinction of few but similar objects.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Part 2: Treatment (2001)

Die Behandlungsoptionen der chronischen lymphatischen Leukmie (CLL) wurden im letzten Jahrzehnt erheblich erweitert. In diesem Teil sollen zunchst die wesentlichen Bausteine und Neuerungen der Therapie dargestellt werden. Anschlieend wird auf die Therapieindikation und -
EFFECTS OF DESIGNATED TIME ON PICKUP/DELIVERY TRUCK ROUTING AND SCHEDULING (1970)

This paper presents a mathematical model developed for investigating the effects of designated time windows on urban pickup/delivery truck routing and scheduling. Three heuristic techniques, genetic algorithms (GA), simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS) were applied to obtain approximate optimal solutions for the urban pickup/delivery truck routing and scheduling problem with time windows. The performance of each of these techniques was compared using a small road network. The model was applied to investigate the effects of increasing the width of time windows.
Guidelines for the Management of Adult Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in the ICU: Neurology, Peri-Transplant Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Gastroenterology Considerations (2023)

Multidisciplinary, international experts formulated evidence-based recommendations for the management ALF and ACLF patients in the ICU, acknowledging that most recommendations were based on low quality and indirect evidence.
A new model based on patent data for technology early warning research (2018)

As technology competition among enterprises become more intense, technical crisis occurs in enterprises, such as technological substitution and technology divulgence. Thus, it is necessary to warn enterprises of those technical crises that can be called technology early warning. As patent data contains much technology information, it becomes an efficient source to analyse technology. This paper proposes a technology early warning model based on patent data to help enterprises execute technology early warning from the perspective of its technology status. To do so, we set ten indicators from four aspects to evaluate the enterprise's technology status at first, calculate the index of enterprise's technical crisis with AHP, and then propose five early warning levels. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec Group) and the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) are taken as comparative case studies.
Eine einfache Synthese für N‐Acylimine des Hexafluor‐ und symm. Dichlortetrafluoracetons (1974)

Abstract Carbonsäureamide und Urethane reagieren mit Hexafluoraceton wie auch mit symm . Dichlortetrafluoraceton zu 2‐Acylamino‐2‐hydroxy‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluorpropanen bzw. 2‐Acylamino‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dichlor‐1,1,3,3‐tetrafluorpropanen 3 , die durch Trifluoressigsäure‐anhydrid in Gegenwart von Pyridin oder Chinolin in 2‐Acylimino‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluor‐propane bzw. 2‐Acylimino‐1,3‐dichlor‐1,1,3,3‐tetrafluorpropane 5 übergeführt werden können.
Harnessing the IL-7/IL-7Rαaxis to improve tumor immunotherapy (2016)

IL-7 and IL-15 are critical for supporting T cells transferred into a lymphopenic environment. As activated CD8(+) T cells downregulate IL-7Rα, it is thought IL-15 is more important. However, we find that CD8(+) T cells activated with IL-12 have elevated IL-7Rα and rely on IL-7 for persistence and antitumor immunity.
Impact of Smoking-Related Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease on Mortality of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Patients Receiving Standard Treatments: Propensity Score-Matched, Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study (2021)

smoking-related COPD was not a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in women with stage I-III IDC receiving standard treatments. Being hospitalized at least once for COPDAE within one year before breast surgery is highly associated with high mortality for women with IDC receiving standard treatments. The severity of smoking-related COPD before treatments for breast cancer might be an important prognostic factor of survival. Thus, the information of the severity of COPD before treatment for breast cancer might be valuable for increasing the survival rate in treatment of breast cancer, especially in the prevention of progress from COPD to COPDAE.