gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online volume rendering of incrementally accumulated LSCEM images for superficial oral cancer detection (2011)

Laser scanning confocal endomicroscope (LSCEM) has emerged as an imaging modality which provides non-invasive, in vivo imaging of biological tissue on a microscopic scale. Scientific visualizations for LSCEM datasets captured by current imaging systems require these datasets to be fully acquired and brought to a separate rendering machine. To extend the features and capabilities of this modality, we propose a system which is capable of performing realtime visualization of LSCEM datasets. Using field-programmable gate arrays, our system performs three tasks in parallel: (1) automated control of dataset acquisition; (2) imaging-rendering system synchronization; and (3) realtime volume rendering of dynamic datasets. Through fusion of LSCEM imaging and volume rendering processes, acquired datasets can be visualized in realtime to provide an immediate perception of the image quality and biological conditions of the subject, further assisting in realtime cancer diagnosis. Subsequently, the imaging procedure can be improved for more accurate diagnosis and reduce the need for repeating the process due to unsatisfactory datasets.
Translesion Synthesis Past Acrolein-derived DNA Adducts by Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase γ (2013)

Acrolein, a mutagenic aldehyde, is produced endogenously by lipid peroxidation and exogenously by combustion of organic materials, including tobacco products. Acrolein reacts with DNA bases forming exocyclic DNA adducts, such as γ-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (γ-HOPdG) and γ-hydroxy-1,N(6)-propano-2'-deoxyadenosine (γ-HOPdA). The bulky γ-HOPdG adduct blocks DNA synthesis by replicative polymerases but can be bypassed by translesion synthesis polymerases in the nucleus. Although acrolein-induced adducts are likely to be formed and persist in mitochondrial DNA, animal cell mitochondria lack specialized translesion DNA synthesis polymerases to tolerate these lesions. Thus, it is important to understand how pol γ, the sole mitochondrial DNA polymerase in human cells, acts on acrolein-adducted DNA. To address this question, we investigated the ability of pol γ to bypass the minor groove γ-HOPdG and major groove γ-HOPdA adducts using single nucleotide incorporation and primer extension analyses. The efficiency of pol γ-catalyzed bypass of γ-HOPdG was low, and surprisingly, pol γ preferred to incorporate purine nucleotides opposite the adduct. Pol γ also exhibited ∼2-fold lower rates of excision of the misincorporated purine nucleotides opposite γ-HOPdG compared with the corresponding nucleotides opposite dG. Extension of primers from the termini opposite γ-HOPdG was accomplished only following error-prone purine nucleotide incorporation. However, pol γ preferentially incorporated dT opposite the γ-HOPdA adduct and efficiently extended primers from the correctly paired terminus, indicating that γ-HOPdA is probably nonmutagenic. In summary, our data suggest that acrolein-induced exocyclic DNA lesions can be bypassed by mitochondrial DNA polymerase but, in the case of the minor groove γ-HOPdG adduct, at the cost of unprecedented high mutation rates.
Continuous wave terahertz reflection imaging of human colorectal tissue (2013)

Continuous wave terahertz (THz) imaging has the potential to offer a safe, non-ionizing, and nondestructive medical imaging modality for delineating colorectal cancer. Fresh excisions of normal colon tissue were obtained from surgeries performed at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester. Reflection measurements of thick sections of colorectal tissues, mounted in an aluminum sample holder, were obtained for both fresh and formalin fixed tissues. The two-dimensional reflection images were acquired by using an optically pumped far-infrared molecular gas laser operating at 584 GHz with liquid Helium cooled silicon bolometer detector. Using polarizers in the experiment both co-polarized and cross-polarized remittance form the samples was collected. Analysis of the images showed the importance of understanding the effects of formalin fixation while determining reflectance level of tissue response. The resulting co- and cross-polarized images of both normal and formalin fixed tissues showed uniform terahertz response over the entire sample area. Initial measurements indicated a co-polarized reflectance of 16%, and a cross-polarized reflectance of 0.55% from fresh excisions of normal colonic tissues.
Study on intelligent autonomous navigation of avatar using hand gesture recognition (2002)

The authors present a real time hand gesture recognition system that controls the motion of a human avatar based on predefined dynamic hand gestures in a virtual environment. First, we note that recognition of a distinction between the start and end of a motion is needed and a lot of time is spent on learning in conventional recognition systems. To resolve this problem, we propose a recognition method using intelligent techniques. Then, we also present an obstacle-free path generation method to ensure that an avatar can navigate, avoiding obstacles in a virtual environment.
Microwave on Catalyst Chemistry (2012)

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Abiotic degradation of chlorinated ethanes and ethenes in water (2012)

Nanoscale iron or bimetallic particles, due to high efficiency in degradation of chlorinated ethanes and ethenes, have gained much interest. They allow for rapid degradation of chlorinated ethanes and ethenes in water phase, but they also give benefit of treating dense non-aqueous phase liquid.
Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications (2018)

Day by day augmenting importance of metal nanoparticles in the versatile fields like, catalyst, electronic, magnetic, mechanic, optical optoelectronic, materials for solar cell and fuel cell, medical, bioimaging, cosmetic, ultrafast data communication and optical data storage, etc, is increasing their value. Nanoparticles of alkali metals and noble metals (copper, silver, platinum, palladium, and gold, etc.) have a broad absorption band in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum of light, because the solutions of these metal nanoparticles show the intense color, which is absent in their bulk counterparts as well as their atomic level. The main cause behind this phenomenon is attributed to the collective oscillations of the free conductive electrons that are induced by an interaction with electromagnetic field. The whole incidence is known as localized surface plasmonic resonance. Out of these, we have selected the silver nanoparticles for the studies. In this article, we will discuss the synthesis, characterization, and application of the silver nanoparticles. Future prospective and challenges in the field commercialization of the nanosilver is also discussed.
A Study of High Load Operation Limit for Premixed Compression Ignition Engine. (2000)

NOχ emission was remarkably reduced by PREDIC (PREmixed lean DIesel Combustion) system in which fuel was injected at very early stage of compression stroke and the major part of the fuel is considered to be burned with self-ignition of premixed charge around TDC. However PREDIC system had some problems, a restriction of a high load operation was one of these problems. In order to investigate the combustion characteristics of PREDIC at the richer operation limit, a test engine was operated with gaseous fuel-air mixture where less heterogenoeus mixture can be formed than that of conventional diesel engines. A steep pressure rise or the abrupt increase in NOχ emission determined the richer operation limit. This was at 2 to 2.4 of excess air ratio. Supercharging operation enabled the high load operation more than 2.4 of excess air ratio.
Modeling of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Versus Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease (2019)

Non-invasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuromodulation technique in which time-varying magnetic fields induce electric fields on the patient's brain, thus stimulating neurons in the targeted cortical region. We have created a new model of the basal ganglia motor pathway in the human brain, using the Python package called NEST. We simulated healthy nuclei with random noise and connection weights optimized to mimic established background neuronal activity noise in the connecting nuclei. We then simulated Parkinsonism by removing dopaminergic (DAergic) input from the substantia nigra pars compacta to the striatum. The results showed the production of characteristic Parkinsonian neuronal features, ranging from pathological highly irregular to burst signals matching those found during in vivo animal and human microelectrode recording studies. With the model thus validated, we modeled deep brain stimulation (DBS) current delivery to the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in a Parkinsonian brain and simulated neuron firing as an effect of DBS. Finally, repetitive TMS at various frequencies was simulated at the level of the motor cortex, which produced predicted downstream firing rate effects and intra-neuronal synchrony at the level of the GPi. Although typical clinical TMS at 10 pulses/s was suggested to offer some beneficial effects, firing rates and patterns and desynchronous firing were most effectively normalized to match those seen in a healthy GPi upon stimulation at 50 pulses/s. Thus, our modeling suggests that cortical, non-invasive TMS may be a viable alternative to DBS surgery for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Evolution of Creep Deformation near Tips of Sharp Notches and Cracks in CM247LC-DS Ni-Base Superalloy (2023)

Finite element analyses were performed for varying crack tip or notch geometries and temperatures in C(T) specimens of CM247LC-DS Ni-base superalloy used in gas turbine blades to understand the accumulation of creep strains at notches. The constitutive models used considered elastic-primary-secondary creep deformation behavior. Simulations were performed under 2D plane stress, 2D plane strain, and 3D conditions for temperatures of 750°C, 850°C, and 950°C. The estimated load-line displacements as a function of time from finite element analyses and from analytical expressions were validated using results from experiments conducted on notched and fatigue precracked C(T) specimens. Differences in the development of the creep zone size due to the notch tip geometry diminish in time under plane stress conditions, but they do not for plane strain conditions. Over short periods of time, small-scale creep plays a significant role in the evolution of the notch tip creep zones. The 3D analysis results show that creep zones grow at a faster rate on the surface of the specimen than in the mid-thickness region, and these differences are exacerbated as the notch root radius decreases. This work can potentially be the basis for formulating a theory for creep crack formation from notches in CM247LC-DS alloys.
IPOD: Intensive Point-based Object Detector for Point Cloud (2018)

We present a novel 3D object detection framework, named IPOD, based on raw point cloud. It seeds object proposal for each point, which is the basic element. This paradigm provides us with high recall and high fidelity of information, leading to a suitable way to process point cloud data. We design an end-to-end trainable architecture, where features of all points within a proposal are extracted from the backbone network and achieve a proposal feature for final bounding inference. These features with both context information and precise point cloud coordinates yield improved performance. We conduct experiments on KITTI dataset, evaluating our performance in terms of 3D object detection, Bird's Eye View (BEV) detection and 2D object detection. Our method accomplishes new state-of-the-art , showing great advantage on the hard set.
Online learning for adaptive optimization of heterogeneous SoCs (2018)

Energy efficiency and performance of heterogeneous multiprocessor systems-on-chip (SoC) depend critically on utilizing a diverse set of processing elements and managing their power states dynamically. Dynamic resource management techniques typically rely on power consumption and performance models to assess the impact of dynamic decisions. Despite the importance of these decisions, many existing approaches rely on fixed power and performance models learned offline. This paper presents an online learning framework to construct adaptive analytical models. We illustrate this framework for modeling GPU frame processing time, GPU power consumption and SoC power-temperature dynamics. Experiments on Intel Atom E3826, Qualcomm Snapdragon 810, and Samsung Exynos 5422 SoCs demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves less than 6% error under dynamically varying workloads.
Partial discharge detection and location for HVDC polymeric cables (2017)

This poster is concerned with use of partial discharge monitoring to provide information about the condition of the insulation of electrical cables used for HVDC transmission systems. Electrical cables are among the most fundamental components of any electrical grid, from large subsea international interconnectors, to the ‘last mile’ providing consumers with their electrical supply. The size, cost and current carrying capability are the main considerations when designing and selecting a cable, and in this regard the insulation of these cables is as fundamental as the conductor. Partial discharge (PD) measurement is becoming increasingly vital in monitoring the condition of cable insulation, providing valuable information about the health of the insulation, and predicting when insulation is likely to fail. The majority of this PD monitoring is performed on cable operating under AC conditions, however, with the increasing use of high voltage DC links, for subsea, or long land-based connections provides motivation for the increased use of PD monitoring on cables operating under HVDC. However, despite the increased intensity of research into PD in HVDC cables, there are significant knowledge gaps, preventing the practical application of PD monitoring techniques to HVDC cables. This poster describes the initial stages of a project to partially address these gaps in knowledge, by seeking to obtain results from PD measurements on cables of different insulation types under both AC and DC conditions. From this, recommendations on the use of PD monitoring for HVDC cables, with emphasis on insulation type, are will be provided, as well as recommendations for future research at both an academic and industrial level. The poster will detail the results of the initial literature review, as well as the design for the planned experimentation, and test rig.
Improvement of the WCIP convergence (2009)

Perturbation on the boundary conditions operator is investigated in order to improve the wave concept iterative procedure convergence. If they are well chosen, the reference impedance used in the waves definitions, the impedance of the metallic pixels and the internal source impedance allow a reduction in the number of iterations of a factor 3.2 at each frequency. These concepts are validated through comparison with results obtained with usual values used in previous studies.
Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodule: Discrepancies between cytologic and histopathologic findings (2007)

The diagnostic accuracy of US-guided FNA of thyroid nodule has limitations that should be minimized by careful interpretation of the cytologic findings and accurate sampling.
Orthogonal Bodipy Trimers as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Action (2016)

Orthogonally linked BODIPY units show exceptional intersystem crossing efficiencies. We now report orthogonal BODIPY trimers with strong absorption in the visible region and high singlet oxygen generation capability. The X-ray diffraction structure confirms that the two peripheral BODIPY units are at a perpendicular angle to the core structure.
Nanodomains and local structure in ternary alkaline-earth hexaborides (2018)

The local structures of ternary alkaline-earth hexaborides ( M B 6 , M = Ca 0.5 Sr 0.5 , Ca 0.5 Ba 0.5 and Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 ) have been analysed using X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show significant local deviations from the average cubic structure within the boron sub-lattice and support the conclusion that rapid synthesis processes lead to the formation of coherent nanodomains over length scales of about 10 nm. Reverse Monte Carlo fitting of the PDFs allows for quantification of the displacement disorder within the boron sub-lattice as a function of sample composition. Detailed Raman spectroscopy studies and high-resolution TEM support the models derived from X-ray scattering. The average magnitude of the static displacement disorder varies by sample composition and positively correlates with the cation radius ratios across the three compositions. The new models form a foundation for future computational and experimental studies aimed at understanding and predicting properties of hexaborides.
HIV-related lung cancer in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (2003)

In this study HIV-related lung cancer occurred more frequently in the post-HAART era, when compared with the HIV-negative population. Unfortunately, the outcome of these patients remains poor despite HAART.
High Piezoelectric Voltage Coefficient in Structured Lead‐Free (K,Na,Li)NbO 3 Particulate—Epoxy Composites (2016)

A high‐voltage coefficient has been found in lead‐free piezoelectric particulate composites based on epoxy with lead‐free (K 0.50 Na 0.50 ) 0.94 Li 0.06 NbO 3 ( KNLN ) piezoceramic particles with a natural cubic morphology. The KNLN powder used in the composites has been prepared using a new solid‐state double calcination processing route. These particles were subsequently used to create random and structured KNLN ‐epoxy composites. Using dielectrophoresis, these natural cubical KNLN particles were structured into one‐dimensional chains inside the epoxy matrix. Composites produced with these powders showed piezoelectric properties about a factor of 2 higher than those of composites processed with conventionally calcined KNLN powders. The dielectrophoretically structured KNLN ‐epoxy composites with optimized particle size and morphology showed excellent piezoelectric properties, which can replace lead containing piezoelectric composites for sensor and energy harvesting applications in future.
The Adult With Cerebral Palsy (2000)

Important aspects of eliciting a proper history, obtaining a review of systems, and performing a physical examination in adults with cerebral palsy are presented. Information regarding diagnosis, etiology, and epidemiology of cerebral palsy as well as suggestions for performing examinations and procedures on uncooperative and extremely dysmorphic patients are included. A MEDLINE search of all English-language publications related to cerebral palsy from 1985 to 1999 was conducted. Other older references also were obtained from articles published during this period. Our personal experiences in caring for a group of approximately 300 adults with cerebral palsy and other developmental disabilities in specialized centers for nearly a decade are used frequently throughout this review. Emphasis is given to studies of adults. Studies of children are included because there is a lack of data on adults. These studies are identified as such in the text, with extrapolation to adults only where there is a sound clinical or scientific basis. The number of adults with cerebral palsy is increasing. This growth is due to increased survival of low-birth-weight infants and increased longevity of the adult population. Depending on clinical status and the age at which survival is calculated, 65% to 90% of children survive until adulthood. Despite these observations, there is a lack of information in the literature and a lack of relevant post-graduate training programs for physicians in the adult health care system.
Intracranial Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Delivery of Anti-Pan Amyloid β, Amyloid β40, and Amyloid β42 Single-Chain Variable Fragments Attenuates Plaque Pathology in Amyloid Precursor Protein Mice (2006)

Accumulation of amyloid beta protein (Abeta) aggregates is hypothesized to trigger a pathological cascade that causes Alzheimer's disease (AD). Active or passive immunizations targeting Abeta are therefore of great interest as potential therapeutic strategies. We have evaluated the use of recombinant anti-Abeta single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) as a potentially safer form of anti-Abeta immunotherapy. We have generated and characterized three anti-Abeta scFvs that recognize Abeta 1-16, Abeta x-40, or Abeta x-42. To achieve widespread brain delivery, constructs expressing these anti-Abeta scFvs were packaged into adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and injected into the ventricles of postnatal day 0 (P0) amyloid precursor protein CRND8-transgenic mice. Intracranial delivery of AAV to neonatal mice resulted in widespread neuronal delivery. In situ expression of each of the anti-Abeta scFvs after intracerebroventricular AAV serotype 1 delivery to P0 pups decreased Abeta deposition by 25-50%. These data suggest that intracranial anti-Abeta scFv expression is an effective strategy to attenuate amyloid deposition. As opposed to transgenic approaches, these studies also establish a "somatic brain transgenic" paradigm to rapidly and cost-effectively evaluate potential modifiers of AD-like pathology in AD mouse models.
4D Microscopy: Unraveling <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> Embryonic Development Using Nomarski Microscopy (2020)

4D microscopy is an invaluable tool for unraveling the embryonic developmental process in different animals. Over the last decades, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as one of the best models for studying development. From an optical point of view, its size and transparent body make this nematode an ideal specimen for DIC (Differential Interference Contrast or Nomarski) microscopy. This article illustrates a protocol for growing C. elegans nematodes, preparing and mounting their embryos, performing 4D microscopy and cell lineage tracing. The method is based on multifocal time-lapse records of Nomarski images and analysis with specific software. This technique reveals embryonic developmental dynamics at the cellular level. Any embryonic defect in mutants, such as problems in spindle orientation, cell migration, apoptosis or cell fate specification, can be efficiently detected and scored. Virtually every single cell of the embryo can be followed up to the moment the embryo begins to move. Tracing the complete cell lineage of a C. elegans embryo by 4D DIC microscopy is laborious, but the use of specific software greatly facilitates this task. In addition, this technique is easy to implement in the lab. 4D microscopy is a versatile tool and opens the possibility of performing an unparalleled analysis of embryonic development.
Front Cover (Phys. Status Solidi B 6/2010) (2010)

A Special Section in this issue (pp. 1257–1392) is devoted to research conducted in the research group FOR 522 headed by Prof. Marius Grundmann (University of Leipzig, Germany). The group designed and realized various nanostructures with three-dimensionally controlled geometry. Nanowires based on III–V and II–VI semiconductors as well as thermoelectric materials have been investigated. Curved structures – screws, spirals, tubes, and scrolls – have been fabricated using internal strains and specially designed growth processes. Out of the various explored structures promising routes for the study of fundamental effects have been identified which provide ample opportunities for further research.