gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient simulation of lossy interconnect (1992)

A new approach for transient simulation of lossy transmission lines terminated in arbitrary nonlinear elements is presented. The approach is based on convolution simulation. By making use of the Pade approximations of each line's characteristic admittance function and exponential propagation function, the authors derive a recursive convolution formulation, which greatly reduces the computation used to perform convolutions. They analyze the errors introduced by Pade approximations and develop a scheme to determine the necessary order for an approximation. The approach was implemented in the stepwise equivalent conductance MOS timing simulator, SWEC, and, therefore, no Newton-Raphson iteration was needed to simulate lossy lines with nonlinear terminals. The simulation results of SWEC were compared with the results of SPICE3.e; SWEC, which gives accurate results, can be one to two orders-of-magnitude faster. >
Li+ ionic conduction in the layered perovskite Li2La2/3Ta2O7 (2004)

The Li+ ionic conduction properties of the Li2La2/3Ta2O7 layered perovskite compound have been investigated by complementary techniques: impedance spectroscopy, 7Li NMR and thermal neutron powder diffraction. Up to 770 K, the results are consistent with an electrical conductivity dominated by Li+ ions jumping between Li1 and Li2 sites, the adjacent centers of the two kinds of LiO4 tetrahedra constituting the interlayer region of the structure. The sudden event, observed near 770 K on the curve log(σT) = f(1000/T), is associated with significant changes to the 7Li NMR signal and to a structural modification followed by neutron powder diffraction up to 973 K. All these facts are consistent with the displacement at 770 K of the lithium ions residing in the Li1 sites. Neutron powder diffraction showed that, in the interlayer region, the location of the lithium ions in the Li2 sites remains unchanged. However, 17% of the Li1 population leaves its tetrahedral position to occupy a new Li3 site inside the perovskite cages, very close to their four O2− bottlenecks. The other Li+ ions (83%) remain in the interlayer but their coordination changes from tetrahedral to a five fold one.
Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) as a Biomarker of Emphysema and the RAGE Axis in the Lung (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that has been traditionally characterized by incompletely reversible airflow limitation. Yet, the latter is poorly correlated with many other clinically relevant characteristics of the disease. Thus, the identification of biomarkers to more accurately assess this heterogeneity and disease severity may facilitate the discovery and development of new treatments and better management of patients with COPD. One molecule that has attracted attention as a potentially useful biomarker specifically for the emphysema subpopulation is the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE). As the soluble isoform of a key proinflammatory signaling receptor, sRAGE acts as a "decoy" for RAGE ligands and prevents their interaction with the receptor. Multiple reports have now linked sRAGE to COPD, and more specifically to emphysema, and evidence is accumulating that this link is likely mechanistic in nature. Here we review the current state of knowledge about sRAGE biology, the mechanistic links to COPD, and the evidence for using it as a biomarker for emphysema. We also discuss sRAGE as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in COPD.
Asynchronous All-Optical Circuit for Serial-to-Parallel Conversion of Label Bits of DPSK Packets (2007)

We present a novel asynchronous all-optical circuit for extraction and serial-to-parallel-conversion of label bits from DPSK packets. The circuit requires only two optical switches regardless the label bits number, is scalable, low-power consumption, and compact.
Phage endolysins are adapted to specific hosts and are evolutionarily dynamic (2022)

Endolysins are produced by (bacterio)phages to rapidly degrade the bacterial cell wall and release new viral particles. Despite sharing a common function, endolysins present in phages that infect a specific bacterial species can be highly diverse and vary in types, number, and organization of their catalytic and cell wall binding domains. While much is now known about the biochemistry of phage endolysins, far less is known about the implication of their diversity on phage-host adaptation and evolution. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we could genetically exchange a subset of different endolysin genes into distinct lactococcal phage genomes. Regardless of the type and biochemical properties of these endolysins, fitness costs associated to their genetic exchange were marginal if both recipient and donor phages were infecting the same bacterial strain, but gradually increased when taking place between phage that infect different strains or bacterial species. From an evolutionary perspective, we observed that endolysins could be naturally exchanged by homologous recombination between phages coinfecting a same bacterial strain. Furthermore, phage endolysins could adapt to their new phage/host environment by acquiring adaptative mutations. These observations highlight the remarkable ability of phage lytic systems to recombine and adapt and, therefore, explain their large diversity and mosaicism. It also indicates that evolution should be considered to act on functional modules rather than on bacteriophages themselves. Furthermore, the extensive degree of evolvability observed for phage endolysins offers new perspectives for their engineering as antimicrobial agents.
Image Captioning with Generative Adversarial Network (2019)

Automatic image annotation, automatic image tagging, and image linguistic indexing functions use methodologies that significantly overlap. In this paper, we use the general term, image captioning, to refer to all forms of such functions. Image captioning is the process of automatically generating metadata in the form of captioning (i.e., generating sentences that describe the content of the image). Image captioning is used in image retrieval systems to locate images of interest from a database, web, or personal devices. In recent years, investigators have been using Deep Learning to caption images with some success. However, the reported results do suffer from a number of deficiencies; namely, accuracy, lack of diversity and emotions in resultant captions. In order to address some of these deficiencies, we propose to use Generative Adversarial models to produce new and combinatorial samples. More specifically, we propose to explore various autoencoders to generate more accurate and meaningful captions for images. Autoencoders are neural networks that learn data codings in an unsupervised manner. The research outlined in this paper is an ongoing investigative research project.
Frequency Selective Surfaces in Dual and Triple Band Offset Reflector Antennas (1987)

Two frequency selective subreflectors with Jerusalem cross or double square elements are used in cascade to give a dual/triple band feed system at 28, 14 and 6 GHz. Their performance in this configuration is described.
Piezo1 channel activation mimics high glucose as a stimulator of insulin release (2019)

Glucose and hypotonicity induced cell swelling stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, Piezo1 was identified as a mechanically-activated nonselective Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeable cationic channel in a range of mammalian cells. As cell swelling induced insulin release could be through stimulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeable stretch activated channels, we hypothesised a role for Piezo1 in cell swelling induced insulin release. Two rat β-cell lines (INS-1 and BRIN-BD11) and freshly-isolated mouse pancreatic islets were studied. Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> measurements were performed using the fura-2 Ca<sup>2+</sup> indicator dye and ionic current was recorded by whole cell patch-clamp. Piezo1 agonist Yoda1, a competitive antagonist of Yoda1 (Dooku1) and an inactive analogue of Yoda1 (2e) were used as chemical probes. Piezo1 mRNA and insulin secretion were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Piezo1 mRNA was detected in both β-cell lines and mouse islets. Yoda1 evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry was inhibited by Yoda1 antagonist Dooku1 as well as other Piezo1 inhibitors gadolinium and ruthenium red, and not mimicked by 2e. Yoda1, but not 2e, stimulated Dooku1-sensitive insulin release from β-cells and pancreatic islets. Hypotonicity and high glucose increased intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> and enhanced Yoda1 Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx responses. Yoda1 and hypotonicity induced insulin release were significantly inhibited by Piezo1 specific siRNA. Pancreatic islets from mice with haploinsufficiency of Piezo1 released less insulin upon exposure to Yoda1. The data show that Piezo1 channel agonist induces insulin release from β-cell lines and mouse pancreatic islets suggesting a role for Piezo1 in cell swelling induced insulin release. Hence Piezo1 agonists have the potential to be used as enhancers of insulin release.
Angiomodulatory properties of some antibiotics and Tołpa Peat Preparation (2016)

TPP stimulated angiogenic activity of MNC at the dose 5 and 10 mg/kg. Rifamycine exerted strong stimulatory action, ampicillin slightly stimulated immune response, while doxycycline and rifampicin downregulated it. Amikacin did not influence the results of angiogenesis tests. Studied antibiotics (15 mg/kg), except rifamycine, inhibit the angiostimulatory effect of the tested immunomodulator. TPP should be applied after antibiotic therapy to maintain its stimulatory effect and restore proper host immune function.
[Cbl--a polyfunctional regulator of cellular processes]. (2003)

C-Cb1 protein is a protooncogene product that was initially identified as part of a murine retrovirus transforming protein. C-Cb1 is ubiquitously expressed in cells of different origin. A number of isoforms subsequently identified in vertebrates and invertebrates allows to consider the existence of a family of Cb1 proteins. These proteins contain a set of sequences providing interactions with a wide range of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and signaling proteins with SH2- and SH3-domains (for example, EGF and PDGF receptors, Src-kinases, PI-3-kinase p85, Crk, GRB2, Vav, etc.). Cb1 proteins possess also multiple tyrosine, residues, which undergo phosphorylation upon stimulation of several surface receptors. These properties permit Cb1 to take part in many protein-protein interactions as an adaptor, which forms multimolecular signaling complexes, and coordinates the activity of its components. C-Cb1 and its mutant transforming forms can act as both positive and negative regulators of many signaling pathways. Negative action of C-Cb1 on signals stimulated by receptor tyrosine kinases is thought to result from accelerated receptor degradation caused by Cb1. This ability is attributed mostly to ubiquitin-ligase activity of Cb1 proteins, since the latest research evidence suggests that ubiquitination may be a signal of not only proteasomal, but also lysosomal degradation. Thus, Cb1 manifests itself as a many-sided protein working both as an adaptor and a regulator of endocytic trafficking. In spite of numerous studies in this area, the regulation of Cb1 functions, interrelations between these functions, physiological significance of Cb1-mediated interactions, and the place of Cb1 proteins in signaling coordinating still remain obscure. In the present review, an attempt is made to summarize the recent data, with special reference to Cb1 functioning as a regulator of tyrosine kinase receptor endocytosis.
Efficient Synthesis of Eriodictyol from l -Tyrosine in Escherichia coli (2014)

The health benefits of flavonoids for humans are increasingly attracting attention. Because the extraction of high-purity flavonoids from plants presents a major obstacle, interest has emerged in biosynthesizing them using microbial hosts. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Its efficient synthesis has been hampered by two factors: the poor expression of cytochrome P450 and the low intracellular malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) concentration in Escherichia coli. To address these issues, a truncated plant P450 flavonoid, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (tF3'H), was functionally expressed as a fusion protein with a truncated P450 reductase (tCPR) in E. coli. This allowed the engineered E. coli to produce eriodictyol from l-tyrosine by simultaneously coexpressing the fusion protein with tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI). In addition, metabolic engineering was employed to enhance the availability of malonyl-CoA so as to achieve a new metabolic balance and rebalance the relative expression of genes to enhance eriodictyol accumulation. This approach made the production of eriodictyol 203% higher than that in the control strain. By using these strategies, the production of eriodictyol from l-tyrosine reached 107 mg/liter. The present work offers an approach to the efficient synthesis of other hydroxylated flavonoids from l-tyrosine or even glucose in E. coli.
Measurement of birefringence of low-loss, high-reflectance coating of m-axis sapphire (2001)

The birefringence of a low-loss, high-reflectance coating applied to an 8-cm-diameter sapphire crystal grown in the m-axis direction has been mapped. By monitoring the transmission of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity as a function of the polarization of the input light, we find an upper limit for the magnitude of the birefringence of 2.5 x 10(-4) rad and an upper limit in the variation in direction of the birefringence of 10 deg. These values are sufficiently small to allow consideration of m-axis sapphire as a substrate material for the optics of the advanced detector at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory.
Self-Supervised Predictive Convolutional Attentive Block for Anomaly Detection (2022)

Anomaly detection is commonly pursued as a one-class classification problem, where models can only learn from normal training samples, while being evaluated on both normal and abnormal test samples. Among the successful approaches for anomaly detection, a distinguished category of methods relies on predicting masked information (e.g. patches, future frames, etc.) and leveraging the reconstruction error with respect to the masked information as an abnormality score. Different from related methods, we propose to integrate the reconstruction-based functionality into a novel self-supervised predictive architectural building block. The proposed self-supervised block is generic and can easily be incorporated into various state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods. Our block starts with a convolutional layer with dilated filters, where the center area of the receptive field is masked. The resulting activation maps are passed through a channel attention module. Our block is equipped with a loss that minimizes the reconstruction error with respect to the masked area in the receptive field. We demonstrate the generality of our block by integrating it into several state-of-the-art frameworks for anomaly detection on image and video, providing empirical evidence that shows considerable performance improvements on MVTec AD, Avenue, and ShanghaiTech. We release our code as open source at: https://github.com/ristea/sspcab.
Relativistic harmonic oscillator (2012)

We consider the relativistic generalization of the harmonic oscillator problem by addressing different questions regarding its classical aspects. We treat the problem using the formalism of Hamiltonian mechanics. A Lie algebraic technique is used to solve the associated Liouville equations, yielding the phase space evolution of an ensemble of relativistic particles, subject to a "harmonic" potential. The non-harmonic distortion of the spatial and momentum distributions due to the intrinsic non-linear nature of the relativistic contributions are discussed. We analyze the relativistic dynamics induced by two types of Hamiltonian, which can ascribed to those of harmonic oscillators type. Finally, we briefly discuss the quantum aspects of the problem by considering possible strategies for the solution of the associated Salpeter equation.
The Community-Based Medical School — Reactions at the Interface between Medical Education and Medical Care (1973)

Abstract In the development of a new community-based medical school, emphasis must be placed on the relations between (1) the support (academic) and teaching (practicing) faculties, and (2) the needs of medical education and demands for health care. Contrasting characteristics of support and teaching faculty with respect to their teaching abilities, their decisionmaking processes, and their interests in research and patient care must be recognized. A rankless faculty, a teacher-student relation that resembles the doctor–patient relation, equitable reimbursement for undergraduate teaching, and shared responsibility for the school's policies and procedures are important. Community acceptance can be promoted by establishing school-staffed community health centers in areas lacking physicians, in evaluating and promoting the quality of local health care, and in building on the stable relation between a community and its practicing physicians.
La–Ca–Mn–O Thin Film based Thermistor for Measuring Low Temperature of 77–230 K (2000)

Perovskite manganite La–Ca–Mn–O (LCMO) thin films were deposited on LaAlO 3 (001) single crystal substrate by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. After annealing at 800–1000°C in O 2 atmosphere for 1 h, sheet resistance ( R ) of the LCMO thin films was measured by van der Pauw method in the range of 77–300 K. The characteristic resistance-temperature curves of all the annealed films showed typical insulator to metal transition behavior of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials on cooling. The sheet resistance of LCMO films changes with temperature, conforming to a function of exp (β T ) in the temperature range from 77 K to 230 K, which is applicable to an oxide thin film thermistor.
III-Nitride full-scale high-resolution microdisplays (2011)

We report the realization and properties of a high-resolution solid-state self-emissive microdisplay based on III-nitride semiconductor micro-size light emitting diodes (µLEDs) capable of delivering video graphics images. The luminance level of III-nitride microdisplays is several orders of magnitude higher than those of liquid crystal and organic-LED displays. The pixel emission intensity was almost constant over an operational temperature range from 100 to −100 °C. The outstanding performance is a direct attribute of III-nitride semiconductors. An energy efficient active drive scheme is accomplished by hybrid integration between µLED arrays and Si CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) active matrix integrated circuits. These integrated devices could play important roles in emerging fields such as biophotonics and optogenetics, as well as ultra-portable products such as next generation pico-projectors.
Informatics of signature peptide approach to proteomics (2001)

A novel set of compounds with a 1,3-dioxolane ring which acts as a proline bioisostere have been successfully designed as VLA-4 receptor antagonists. Compounds (18e), (28j), and (35g) were shown to have high receptor affinities.
The Agreement of Level-of-Evidence Ratings of Articles Submitted to the JOT from 2012 to 2014 (2016)

Tawari, Akhil A. MD*; Kempegowda, Harish MD*; Jove, Graham PhD†; Suk, Michael MD, JD, MPH, FACS*; Horwitz, Daniel S. MD* Author Information
<title>Generalized watermarking attack based on watermark estimation and perceptual remodulation</title> (2000)

Digital image watermarking has become a popular technique for authentication and copyright protection. For verifying the security and robustness of watermarking algorithms, specific attacks have to be applied to test them. In contrast to the known Stirmark attack, which degrades the quality of the image while destroying the watermark, this paper presents a new approach which is based on the estimation of a watermark and the exploitation of the properties of Human Visual System (HVS). The new attack satisfies two important requirements. First, image quality after the attack as perceived by the HVS is not worse than the quality of the stego image. Secondly, the attack uses all available prior information about the watermark and cover image statistics to perform the best watermark removal or damage. The proposed attack is based on a stochastic formulation of the watermark removal problem, considering the embedded watermark as additive noise with some probability distribution. The attack scheme consists of two main stages: (1) watermark estimation and partial removal by a filtering based on a Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) approach; (2) watermark alteration and hiding through addition of noise to the filtered image, taking into account the statistics of the embedded watermark and exploiting HVS characteristics. Experiments on a number of real world and computer generated images show the high efficiency of the proposed attack against known academic and commercial methods: the watermark is completely destroyed in all tested images without altering the image quality. The approach can be used against watermark embedding schemes that operate either in coordinate domain, or transform domains like Fourier, DCT or wavelet.
A phase I study of topotecan followed sequentially by doxorubicin in patients with advanced malignancies. (1997)

Inhibitors of topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II have demonstrated synergy when administered sequentially in several tumor models while having a diminished antitumor effect when given concurrently. To explore the potential for clinical sequence-dependent synergy, we instituted a Phase I study of topotecan (a topoisomerase I inhibitor) followed by doxorubicin (a topoisomerase II inhibitor) in patients with advanced malignancies. Thirty-three patients with advanced malignancies or malignancies for whom no standard therapy exists were entered into the study. Topotecan was administered in escalating doses by 72-h continuous infusion on days 1, 2, and 3, followed by a bolus of doxorubicin given on day 5. To explore the hematological toxicity associated with this sequence, bone marrow aspirates were obtained both prior to the topotecan infusion and immediately prior to the doxorubicin in 10 patients to determine by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis whether CD34+ cell synchronization was occurring using this sequential schedule. Dose-limiting hematological toxicity occurred at the first dose-level in three of six patients. Therefore, we defined the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) below our starting dose-level. Further dose-escalation and a new MTD were defined with the addition of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The MTD was, therefore, topotecan 0.35 mg/m2/day continuous i.v. infusion on days 1, 2, and 3, followed by doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 on day 5 without G-CSF, whereas the MTD with G-CSF was topotecan 0.75 mg/m2/day by 72-h continuous i.v. infusion, followed by doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 i.v. bolus on day 5. Ten patients with paired bone marrow aspirates obtained before topotecan and before doxorubicin administrations were available for evaluation. In 7 of 10 patients, there was an increase (16.6 +/- 2.9% to 25.0 +/- 3.5%; P < 0.02) in the proportion of CD34+ cells in S-phase 24 h after the topotecan infusion and prior to doxorubicin compared to the pretreatment values, whereas 1 patient had a decrease in the proportion of CD34+ cells in S phase and 2 patients had no change. Topotecan and doxorubicin with this sequence and schedule can be given safely; the dose-limiting toxicity is hematological toxicity. Alterations in the fraction of hematopoietic progenitor CD34+ cells in S-phase may account for the increased granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia observed at relatively low dose levels of the combination with and without G-CSF.