gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE SUPERCOMPUTER TOOLKIT AND ITS APPLICATIONS (1998)

The Supercomputer Toolkit is a family of hardware and software modules from which high-performance special-purpose computers for scientific/engineering use can be easily constructed and programmed. The hardware modules include processors, memory, I/O devices and communication devices. The software modules include an operating system, compilers, debuggers, simulators, scientific libraries, and high-level front ends. When faced with a suitable problem, the engineer/scientist connects the modules by means of static-interconnect technology and constructs a problem-specific parallel computation network. The network is loaded from a workstation that serves as a host. When the program is run, results are collected and displayed by the host. The host handles files, does compilation, etc. The computation network, the Toolkit, does the heavy computation. In addition to high performance, the advantage of the Toolkit is its low cost which makes it potentially affordable by small groups as their main number crunching computer. This paper is concerned with the Toolkit version built at the Technion, which is a second generation of the MIT version. 1 The paper briefly describes the hardware and software of this new version and its application to elastic-plastic flow, weather prediction and the simulation of electronic circuits. The main topic of the application section is the relation between the Toolkit configuration and the computation structure of these applications. The paper discusses conclusions related to the hardware and software as well as to the techniques for applying the system.
Phase stability in the Cd-Mg system (1993)

This paper reports on results of a theoretical study of solid-state phase equilibria and short-range order in Cd-Mg alloys. Results of first-principles linear muffin-tin orbital method total-energy calculations for seven hcp-based superstructures have been combined with cluster-variation-method calculations of thermodynamic properties in order to compute the Cd-Mg phase diagram. Effect on the calculated phase diagram of contributions to the alloy free energy arising from atomic vibrations and structural relaxations are assessed using available experimental information for ordered and disordered alloys in the Cd-Mg system.
3D Approaches to Engineer Holding Voltage of SCR (2023)

Novel Silicon-Controlled-Rectifier (SCR) structures are experimentally demonstrated with the cathode and anode region engineering in the width (3D) plane. The engineering approach uses unique placements of P+ and N+ pockets/strips, instead of uniform anode/cathode implants. Experimental results show tunable holding voltages (3V - 10V) with high ESD failure current (It2) by using layout parameters related to the placement of these pockets/strips. The same has been demonstrated for over a dozen process lots. The physical insights and engineering guidelines into the holding voltage tuning has been explored using 3D process and device TCAD.
Is Random Network Coding Helpful in WiMAX? (2008)

The IEEE 802.16 standard, or WiMAX, has emerged to facilitate high-bandwidth wireless access in real- world metropolitan areas, commonly referred to as 4G. In WiMAX, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is adopted to transmit data packets reliably. However, it sacrifices resilience in time varying channels, and it may under-utilize the wireless medium in the cases of multi-path and multi-hop transmissions. On the other hand, random network coding has been shown to be effective towards improving throughput in multi-hop wireless networks, when deployed above the physical and MAC layers. It would be encouraging to observe that network coding is also helpful at the MAC layer in practice, especially within the emerging WiMAX standard. Is random network coding beneficial in WiMAX at the MAC layer? We seek to answer this question by evaluating network coding in three cases: single-hop transmissions, handovers, and multi-hop transmissions. We show that random network coding has indeed offered important advantages as compared to traditional HARQ. Our observations may lead to the use of random network coding at the MAC layer in practical WiMAX systems.
Absorption of Orally Administered Hyaluronan (2016)

Hyaluronan (HA) has been utilized as a supplement. However, the absorption of orally administrated HA remains controversial. The degradation and absorption of HA in the intestine were investigated in this study. HA excretion into the feces, degradation in the intestinal tract, absorption through the large intestine, and translocation to the blood and skin were examined. HA administered orally was not detected in rat feces. HA was degraded by cecal content, but not by artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice. Oligosaccharide HA passed through excised large intestine sacs. Furthermore, disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, and polysaccharides HA were distributed to the skin of rats following oral administration of high molecular weight HA (300 kDa). The results of the study suggest that orally administered HA is degraded to oligosaccharides by intestinal bacteria, and oligosaccharide HA is absorbed in the large intestine and is subsequently distributed throughout the tissues, including the skin.
RECOVERING INTRINSIC SCENE CHARACTERISTICS FROM IMAGES (1978)

In summary, CH25H promotes autophagy and affects the malignant progression of LSCC through the PI3K-AKT pathway.
Quality control autophagy: A joint effort of ubiquitin, protein deacetylase and actin cytoskeleton (2010)

Autophagy has been predominantly studied as a nonselective self-digestion process that recycles macromolecules and produces energy in response to starvation. However, autophagy independent of nutrient status has long been known to exist. Recent evidence suggests that this form of autophagy enforces intracellular quality control by selectively disposing of aberrant protein aggregates and damaged organelles--common denominators in various forms of neurodegenerative diseases. By definition, this form of autophagy, termed quality-control (QC) autophagy, must be different from nutrient-regulated autophagy in substrate selectivity, regulation and function. We have recently identified the ubiquitin-binding deacetylase, HDAC6, as a key component that establishes QC. HDAC6 is not required for autophagy activation per se; rather, it is recruited to ubiquitinated autophagic substrates where it stimulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by promoting F-actin remodeling in a cortactin-dependent manner. Remarkably, HDAC6 and cortactin are dispensable for starvation-induced autophagy. These findings reveal that autophagosomes associated with QC are molecularly and biochemically distinct from those associated with starvation autophagy, thereby providing a new molecular framework to understand the emerging complexity of autophagy and therapeutic potential of this unique machinery.
1115 Temperature-dependent biofilm structure and parasitic relationship between Legionella pneumophila and a free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii (2010)

Legionellapneumophil
Dissecting the toxicity and mitigating the impact of harmful Prymnesium blooms in the UK waters of the Norfolk Broads (2020)

Prymnesium parvum is a toxin-producing microalga that causes harmful algal blooms (HABs) globally, frequently leading to massive fish kills that have adverse ecological and economic implications for natural waterways and aquaculture alike. The dramatic effects observed on fish are likely due to algae-produced polyether toxins, known as the prymnesins, but these compounds had not been detected in environmental samples, which has resulted in ambiguity about the true ichthyotoxic entities. Using qPCR, we found elevated levels of both P. parvum and its lytic virus, PpDNAV-BW1, in a fish-killing bloom on the Norfolk Broads, United Kingdom, in March 2015, a site historically plagued by P. parvum blooms. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that P. parvum dominated the bloom microbial community and that the microbial species diversity changed after recovery of the ecosystem. We also detected, for the first time, the recently discovered B-type prymnesin toxins in Broads waterway samples and gill tissue isolated from a dead fish taken from the study site. Furthermore, Norfolk Broads P. parvum isolates unambiguously produced B-type toxins in laboratory-grown cultures. In addition, a 2-year longitudinal study of the Broads study site showed P. parvum blooms positively correlated with increased temperature and that PpDNAV plays a significant role in P. parvum bloom demise in this natural setting. Finally, we used a field trial to show that treatment with low doses of hydrogen peroxide represents an effective strategy to mitigate blooms of P. parvum in enclosed water bodies.
Nutritional needs of elite endurance athletes. Part I: Carbohydrate and fluid requirements (2005)

Abstract Both carbohydrate depletion and dehydration have been shown to decrease performance whilst severe dehydration can also cause adverse health effects. Therefore carbohydrate and fluid requirements are increased with exercise. Ingestion of 200–300 g of CHO 3–4 h prior to exercise is an effective strategy in order to meet daily CHO demands and increase CHO availability during the subsequent exercise period. There is little evidence that CHO during the hour immediately prior to exercise has adverse effects such as rebound hypoglycaemia. CHO ingestion during exercise has been shown to improve performance as measured by enhanced work output or decreased exercise time to complete a fixed amount of work. Recent studies have demonstrated that exogenous CHO oxidation rates can be increased by ingesting combinations of CHO that use different intestinal CHO transporters. After exercise maximal muscle glycogen re‐synthesis rates can be achieved by ingesting CHO at a rate of ∼1.2 g/kg/h, in relatively frequent (e.g., 15–30 min) intervals for up to 5 h following exercise. Protein amino acid mixtures may increase glycogen synthesis further but only if relatively small amounts of CHO are ingested. Hypohydration and hyperthermia alone have negative effects on performance but their combination is particularly serious, both in terms of performance and health. Dehydration can be prevented by fluid ingestion pre exercise and during exercise. Because of large individual differences it is difficult to individualise the advice. Perhaps the best guidance for athletes is to weigh themselves to assess fluid losses during training and racing and limit weight losses to 1% during exercise lasting longer than 1.5 h. Excessive fluid intake has been associated with hyponatremia. Post exercise the volume of fluid ingested and sodium intake are important determinants of rehydration.
The role of (bio)surfactant sorption in promoting the bioavailability of nutrients localized at the solid-water interface (1999)

Bioavailability is herein defined as the accessibility of a substrate by a microorganism. Further, bioavailability is governed by (1) the substrate concentration that the cell membrane “sees,” (i.e., the “directly bioavailable” pool) as well as (2) the rate of mass transfer from potentially bioavailable (e.g., nonaqueous) phases to the directly bioavailable (e.g., aqueous) phase. Mechanisms by which sorbed (bio)surfactants influence these two processes are discussed. We propose the hypothesis that the sorption of (bio)surfactants at the solid-liquid interface is partially responsible for the increased bioavailability of surface-bound nutrients, and offer this as a basis for suggesting the development of engineered in-situ bioremediation technologies that take advantage of low (bio)surfactant concentrations. In addition, other industrial systems where bioavailability phenomena should be considered are addressed.
A Fractional Order Model to Study the Effectiveness of Government Measures and Public Behaviours in COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)

In this work, we emphasise the dynamical study of spreading COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Considering the uncertainty caused by the limited coronavirus (COVID-19) information, we have taken the modified Susceptible-Asymptomatic-Infectious-Hospitalised-Recovered (SAIHR) compartmental model in a Caputo fractional order system. We have also introduced public behavioural and government policy dynamics in our model. The dynamical nature of the solutions of the system is analysed and we have also calculated the sensitivity index of different parameters. It has been observed that public behaviour and government measures play an important role in controlling the pandemic situation. The government measures (social distance, vaccination, hospitalisation, awareness programme) are more helpful than only public responses to the eradication of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Glycemic and Insulinemic Index of Plain Sweet Biscuits: Relationships toin VitroStarch Digestibility (2005)

The findings indicate that plain sweet biscuits have a low GI and a moderate II and that these characteristics are correlated to in vitro starch digestibility and are dependent on the type of processing.
Extremely small vertical far-field angle of InGaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well lasers with specially designed cladding structure (1996)

We report on a very small vertical far-field angle achieved by lasers with a specially designed structure. For an InGaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well laser with a 2.5-μm-wide ridge waveguide, the far-field pattern has a vertical far-field angle of 13/spl deg/ and a lateral far-field angle of 8/spl deg/. Meanwhile, the threshold current remains acceptably low (/spl ap/36 mA for a 500-μm-long cavity). The slope efficiency of the L-I characteristic is high (>0.9 W/A) compared to that of the conventional laser.
Substrate Topography Modulates Cell Aging on a Progeria Cell Model (2018)

Aging is characterized by a progressive accumulation of cellular damage, which leads to impaired function. Little is known whether substrates can influence cell aging. This is of utmost importance in the development of medical devices that are in contact with human tissue for long periods of time. To address this question, we have used an accelerated aging cell model derived from Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Our results show that HGPS-iPSC smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have an increased aging profile in substrates with specific micropatterns than in flat ones. This is characterized by an up-regulation in the expression of progerin, β-galactosidase, annexin 3 and 5, and caspase 9. Signs of cell aging are also observed in SMCs without HGPS cultured in substrates with specific microtopographies. It is further showed that specific micropatterned substrates induce cell aging by triggering a DNA damage program likely by the disruption between cyto- and nucleoskeleton.
Quantifying Risk Perception: The Entropy Decision Risk Model Utility (EDRM-U) (2020)

Risk perception can be quantified in measurable terms of risk aversion and sensitivity. While conducting research on the quantization of programmatic risk, a bridge between positive and normative decision theories was discovered through the application of a novel a priori relationship between objective and subjective probabilities and the application of Bernoulli’s expected utility theory. The Entropy Decision Risk Model (EDRM) derived using the Kullback–Liebler entropy divergence from certainty serves as a translation between objective and subjective probability, referred to as proximity, and has proven its applicability to various positive decision theories related to Prospect Theory. However, EDRM initially assumes the validity of the standard exponential power utility function ubiquitous to positive decision theory models as the magnitude of a choice to isolate and validate proximity. This research modifies the prior model by applying Daniel Bernoulli’s expected utility as the measure of choice magnitude in place of power utility. The revised model, EDRM Utility (EDRM-U), predicts the subject choices for both small and large ranges of values and shows that Prospect Theory’s neutral reference point is actually centered about an assumed initial wealth value, called neutral wealth, that correlates to a power utility exponent value. This hypothesis is confirmed by demonstrating that EDRM-U presents an equivalent or better correlation with prior research in eleven landmark studies of college students spanning more than 26 years and comprising over 300 problems, including those with widely varying values. This research contributes to the fields of risk management and decision engineering by proposing a decision model that behaves according to both positive and normative decision theories and provides measures of risk perception.
Type B virus and human breast cancer (1974)

In recent years, virus-like particles have been observed in milk from women with a family history of breast cancer. Reverse transcriptase enzymatic activity characteristic of RNA tumor viruses also was found in the same milk specimens. This laboratory evidence suggesting milk transmission of a human breast cancer virus conflicted with prior epidemiologic data which indicated no increased breast cancer risk associated with the maternal line or with being breast fed. On the assumption that a milk agent could be etiologically important in breast cancer with onset at a young age, we recently reevaluated the epidemiologic factors relating to possible maternal transmission. The results of this case-controlled study confirmed earlier observations. In addition, more recent laboratory studies have not shown a consistent relationship between the detection of virus-like particles in human milk and a history of breast cancer. If viruses are involved in the etiology of human breast cancer, vertical transmission through genetic mechanism seems more consistent with available data.
Abnormalities Found in Brain Area of Cocaine Addicts (2014)

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Full AccessAbnormalities Found in Brain Area of Cocaine AddictsVabren Watts, Vabren Watts, Published Online:2 Jan 2014https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2013.12b3w1Journal DigestNew research from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai reveals that chronic cocaine addiction may be associated with deficits in parts of the brain involved in overseeing one's behavior.The research involved 53 individuals living with or without cocaine use disorder. The participants were evaluated on their perception of their drug-related issues and later underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scans of addicted individuals who lacked self-awareness of their substance use behaviors showed structural abnormalities in gray-matter integrity in the anterior cingulate cortex—the part of the brain that controls recognition of and response to mistakes. The researchers noted that the deficits were prominent in this group but not in a group of other cocaine-addicted individuals whose self-awareness was intact. Scott Moeller, Ph.D., the study's lead author and an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry, pointed out that the findings could have important clinical implications. "Once at the clinic, additional intervention for these individuals could include mindfulness therapies to cultivate self-awareness of substance use triggers and consequences."Moeller and colleagues hope to further their studies by investigating how self-awareness relates to drug treatment outcomes. ■Moeller S, Konova A, Parvaz M, et al. "Functional, Structural, and Emotional Correlates of Impaired Insight in Cocaine Addiction." 2013. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 20 http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1780022 ISSUES NewArchived
ChemInform Abstract: MERCURY(II)‐, MERCURY(I)‐, AND SILVER(I)‐INDUCED 1,8‐DIALKOXYLATION, ‐DIAMINATION, AND ‐DIACYLOXYLATION OF 2,7‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐4,5,9,10‐TETRAPHENYLTRICYCLO(6.2.0.03,6)DECA‐1,3(6),4,7,9‐PENTAENE (1977)

Abstract Das Tricyclodecapentaen (I) bildet mit Alkoholen, Phenol, Anilin und Carbonsäuren in Gegenwart von Quecksilber(II)‐acetat, Quecksilber(I)‐chlorid und Silberacetat die entsprechenden Verbindungen (II).
Analysis and design of a fully integrated CMOS low-noise amplifier for concurrent dual-band receivers (2006)

This article thoroughly analyzes a concurrent dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) and carefully examines the effects of both active and passive elements on the performance of the dual-band LNA. As an example of the analysis, a fully integrated dual-band LNA is designed in a standard 0.18-μm 6M1P CMOS technology from the system viewpoint for the first time to provide a higher gain at the high band in order to compensate the high-band signal's extra loss over the air transmission. The LNA drains 6.21 mA of current from a 1.5-V supply voltage and achieves voltage gains of 14 and 22 dB, input S11 of 15 and 18 dB, and noise figures of 2.45 and 2.51 dB at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.
Delivery of continuously-varying stimuli using channelrhodopsin-2 (2013)

To study sensory processing, stimuli are delivered to the sensory organs of animals and evoked neural activity is recorded downstream. However, noise and uncontrolled modulatory input can interfere with repeatable delivery of sensory stimuli to higher brain regions. Here we show how channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) can be used to deliver continuous, subthreshold, time-varying currents to neurons at any point along the sensory-motor pathway. To do this, we first deduce the frequency response function of ChR2 using a Markov model of channel kinetics. We then confirm ChR2's frequency response characteristics using continuously-varying optical stimulation of neurons that express one of three ChR2 variants. We find that wild-type ChR2 and the E123T/H134R mutant ("CheTA") can pass continuously-varying subthreshold stimuli with frequencies up to ~70 Hz. Additionally, we find that wild-type ChR2 exhibits a strong resonance at ~6-10 Hz. Together, these results indicate that ChR2-derived optogenetic tools are useful for delivering highly repeatable artificial stimuli that mimic in vivo synaptic bombardment.
Rules for abbreviation of protecting groups (IUPAC Technical Report) (2012)

With the goal of presenting information in the scientific literature clearly and unambiguously, a set of rules for the abbreviation of protecting groups has been developed. It is based on principles designed to be as descriptive and systematic as possible, but also sufficiently pragmatic and flexible so as to accommodate the most important current abbreviations.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor promotes breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness (2009)

Overall, our data suggest that CRF stimulates cell motility and invasiveness of MCF7 cells most probably via induction of FAK phosphorylation and actin filament reorganization and production of prostaglandins via Cox1. Based on these findings we postulate that the stress neuropeptide CRF present in the vicinity of tumors (either produced locally by the tumor cells themselves or by nearby normal cells or secreted from the innervations of surrounding tissues) may play an important role on breast tumor growth and metastatic capacity, providing a potential link between stress and tumor progression.