gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receiver array design for sonothrombolysis treatment monitoring in deep vein thrombosis (2018)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can disintegrate blood clots through the generation and stimulation of bubble clouds within thrombi. This work examined the design of a device to image bubble clouds for monitoring cavitation-based HIFU treatments of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Acoustic propagation simulations were carried out on multi-layered models of the human thigh using two patient data sets from the Visible Human Project. The design considerations included the number of receivers (32, 64, 128, 256, and 512), their spatial positioning, and the effective angular array aperture (100° and 180° about geometric focus). Imaging array performance was evaluated for source frequencies of 250, 750, and 1500 kHz. Receiver sizes were fixed relative to the wavelength (pistons, diameter = λ/2) and noise was added at levels that scaled with receiver area. With a 100° angular aperture the long axis size of the -3 dB main lobe was ~1.2λ-i.e. on the order of the vessel diameter at 250 kHz (~7 mm). Increasing the array aperture to span 180° about the geometric focus reduced the long axis by a factor of ~2. The smaller main lobe sizes achieved by imaging at higher frequencies came at the cost of increased levels of sensitivity to phase aberrations induced during acoustic propagation through the intervening soft tissue layers. With noise added to receiver signals, images could be reconstructed with peak sidelobe ratios < -3 dB using single-cycle integration times for source frequencies of 250 and 750 kHz (NRx ⩾ 128). At 1500 kHz, longer integration times and/or higher element counts were required to achieve similar peak sidelobe ratios. Our results suggest that a modest number of receivers(i.e. NRx = 128) arranged on a semi-cylindrical shell may be sufficient to enable passive acoustic imaging with single-cycle integration times (i.e. volumetric rates up to 0.75 MHz) for monitoring cavitation-based HIFU treatments of DVT.
Adaptive speed control of induction motor with DSP implementation (2005)

In this paper, a simple adaptive speed control of induction motor is described and implemented using dedicated digital signal processor (DSP). The controller-structure design is based on vector control scheme that transforms the three phase motor currents into flux and torque generating current components. Using these current components, the AC induction motor can be handled in the similar way with that of DC motor. Hence, the motor control system consists of flux control loop and torque control loop. To realize the speed controller, the torque reference is calculated as the output of speed controller. The inner current control loops are realized with proportional and integral controllers while for the outer loop, the adaptive controller derivation is based on a class of model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) where the reference model is chose as first order system. From the experimental results, it is shown that the overall induction motor control system gives good transient and steady state responses tracks the motion profile given to the system.
Error control techniques for integrated services packet networks (1989)

The design of a multiservice packet network must ensure that delays to speech packets are minimized while data and other types of packets are delivered without error. The author suggests some ways in which error detection, forward error correction (FEC), and automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes may be utilized in integrated services packet networks (ISPNs) to ensure that satisfactory error performance and reliability standards are achieved. The results show that ARQ schemes combined with reliable error detection are the most practical way of achieving reliable error control in integrated services networks. Also, such error control schemes can have performance advantages if applied on a region-by-region basis rather than simple end-to-end.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Implant Products with Aligned Pores by EBM Method for Biomedical Application (2011)

Recently, more attention has been devoted to porous implants to avoid stress-shielding effects and facilitate anchor effects. In addition, our previous research revealed that uniaxially aligned pores promoted early recovery of bone tissue with high bone quality similar to that of intact bone. In this study, Ti-based implant materials with uniaxially aligned pores were fabricated using the electron beam melting (EBM) method with 2 types of grid spacing, 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Although grid spacing was varied, the constituent phase and microstructure of the products were homogenous regardless of the grid spacing. Uniaxially aligned pores were created when the grid spacing was 1.0 mm, whereas almost solid structures with random pores were formed when the grid spacing was 0.5 mm. Young’s modulus of the products with the grid spacing of 1.0 mm was 34 GPa; this value is close to that of the bone. It is concluded that the porous material with aligned pores is suitable as a bone implant to reduce stress-shielding effects and to induce bone regeneration with good bone quality.
Who should we feed? A Western Trauma Association multi-institutional study of enteral nutrition in the open abdomen after injury (2012)

BACKGROUND The open abdomen is a requisite component of a damage control operation and treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome. Enteral nutrition (EN) has proven beneficial for patients with critical injury, but its application in those with an open abdomen has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of EN for patients with an open abdomen after trauma and the effect of EN on fascial closure rates and nosocomial infections. METHODS We reviewed patients with an open abdomen after injury from January 2002 to January 2009 from 11 trauma centers. RESULTS During the 7-year study period, 597 patients required an open abdomen after trauma. Most were men (77%) sustaining blunt trauma (72%), with a mean (SD) age of 38 (0.7) years, an Injury Severity Score of 31 (0.6), an abdominal injury score of 3.8 (0.1), and an Abdominal Trauma Index score of 26.8 (0.6). Of the patients, 548 (92%) had an open abdomen after a damage control operation, whereas the remainder experienced an abdominal compartment syndrome. Of the 597 patients, 230 (39%) received EN initiated before the closure of the abdomen at mean (SD) day 3.6 (1.2) after injury. EN was started with an open abdomen in one quarter of the 290 patients with bowel injuries. For the 307 patients without a bowel injury, logistic regression indicated that EN is associated with higher fascial closure rates (odds ratio [OR], 5.3; p < 0.01), decreased complication rates (OR, 0.46; p = 0.02), and decreased mortality (OR, 0.30; p = 0.01). For the 290 patients who experienced a bowel injury, regression analysis showed no significant association between EN and fascial closure rate (OR, 0.6; p = 0.2), complication rate (OR, 1.7; p = 0.19), or mortality (OR, 0.79; p = 0.69). CONCLUSION EN in the open abdomen after injury is feasible. For patients without a bowel injury, EN in the open abdomen is associated with increased fascial closure rates, decreased complication rates, and decreased mortality. EN should be initiated in these patients once resuscitation is completed. Although EN for patients with bowel injuries did not seem to affect the outcome in this study, prospective randomized controlled trials would further clarify the role of EN in this subgroup. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level III.
High Order Symmetry Structural Properties of Vibrational Resonances Using Multiple-Field Polarization Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Microscopy (2010)

Polarization-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is usually applied to measure the depolarization ratio in solutions or evidence orientation effects in anisotropic media. We present an extensive approach based on multiple-field polarization-resolved CARS, in order to unravel the complexity of vibrational resonances up to the fourth-order symmetry, at the microscopic scale in nonisotropic media. The CARS polarized signals measured under a continuous variation of the incident pump and/or Stokes excitation beams are analyzed using a full tensorial picture both in the nonresonant and resonant regimes. This method evidences the strong influence of vibrational symmetries on polarized CARS, and more specifically the occurrence of Kleinman symmetry deviations at the vicinity of the Raman lines frequencies. This technique, illustrated on a cubic symmetry crystal, is general and can be applied to other medium symmetries.
Cardioprotection via preserved mitochondrial structure and function in the mPer2-mutant mouse myocardium (2013)

We have previously shown that myocardial infarct size in nonreperfused hearts of mice with a functional deletion of the circadian rhythm gene mPer2 (mPer2-M) was reduced by 43%. We hypothesized that acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R = 30 min I/2 h R) would also be reduced in these mice and that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) (3 × 5 min cycles) before I/R, which enhances protection in wild-type (WT) hearts, would provide further protection in mPer2-M hearts. We observed a 69 and 75% decrease in infarct size in mPer2-M mouse hearts compared with WT following I/R and IPC, respectively. This was coincident with 67% less neutrophil infiltration and 57% less apoptotic cardiomyocytes. IPC in mPer2-M mice before I/R had 48% less neutrophil density and 46% less apoptosis than their WT counterparts. Macrophage density was not different between WT and mPer2-M I/R, but it was 45% higher in mPer2-M IPC mouse hearts compared with WT IPC. There were no baseline differences in cardiac mitochondrial function between WT and mPer2-M mice, but, following I/R, WT exhibited a marked decrease in maximal O₂ consumption supported by complex I-mediated substrates, whereas mPer2-M did not, despite no difference in complex I content. Moreover, cardiac mitochondria from WT mice exhibited a very robust increase in ADP-stimulated O₂ consumption in response to exogenously added cytochrome c, along with a high rate of reactive oxygen species production, none of which was exhibited by cardiac mitochondria from mPer2-M following I/R. Taken together, these findings suggest that mPer2 deletion preserves mitochondrial membrane structure and functional integrity in heart following I/R injury, the consequence of which is preservation of myocardial viability. Understanding the mechanisms connecting cardiac events, mitochondrial function, and mPer2 could lead to preventative and therapeutic strategies for at risk populations.
Small-scale surface wind prediction using dynamic adaptation (1999)

An efficient method for surface wind prediction based on dynamic adaptation of a low-resolutionmodel forecast towards a finer mesh is described. The method consists of: (1) interpolation ofthe data field predicted by the large-scale model onto the target grid; (2) dynamic adaptationof the fields onto the new grid by running the fine-mesh model for an appropriate period oftime. The time necessary for the adaptation is roughly estimated by scale analysis and by usinga linear model, and confirmed by some numerical simulations. This time was found to bebetween 30 and 45 min for adjusting general features of the wind field; the additional timeneeded to adjust small-scale wind phenomena can be several times longer. It was shown thatthis time period does not depend on the model configuration. The main advantage of thepresented method is its low computational cost. The adaptation with a simplified model iscapable of reproducing small-scale features in the wind field which develop due to the neworography in the fine grid. The method fails in cases of certain atmospheric conditions or awrong large-scale forecast.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cyber Security: State-of-the-Art in Research (2022)

This survey presents a comprehensive review of current literature on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods for cyber security applications. Due to the rapid development of Internet-connected systems and Artificial Intelligence in recent years, Artificial Intelligence including Machine Learning and Deep Learning has been widely utilized in the fields of cyber security including intrusion detection, malware detection, and spam filtering. However, although Artificial Intelligence-based approaches for the detection and defense of cyber attacks and threats are more advanced and efficient compared to the conventional signature-based and rule-based cyber security strategies, most Machine Learning-based techniques and Deep Learning-based techniques are deployed in the “black-box” manner, meaning that security experts and customers are unable to explain how such procedures reach particular conclusions. The deficiencies of transparencies and interpretability of existing Artificial Intelligence techniques would decrease human users’ confidence in the models utilized for the defense against cyber attacks, especially in current situations where cyber attacks become increasingly diverse and complicated. Therefore, it is essential to apply XAI in the establishment of cyber security models to create more explainable models while maintaining high accuracy and allowing human users to comprehend, trust, and manage the next generation of cyber defense mechanisms. Although there are papers reviewing Artificial Intelligence applications in cyber security areas and the vast literature on applying XAI in many fields including healthcare, financial services, and criminal justice, the surprising fact is that there are currently no survey research articles that concentrate on XAI applications in cyber security. Therefore, the motivation behind the survey is to bridge the research gap by presenting a detailed and up-to-date survey of XAI approaches applicable to issues in the cyber security field. Our work is the first to propose a clear roadmap for navigating the XAI literature in the context of applications in cyber security.
Synthesis and structure-activity relations in the class of 2-(pyridyl)penems. (1990)

The isosteric CH----N substitution in the class of 2-arylpenems results in improved antibacterial activity, with retention of the favorable characteristic of stability towards renal dehydropeptidase. High therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in experimental mice septicemias with the 2-(3-pyridyl) derivative 2b and its orally absorbed acetoxymethyl ester prodrug 4n.
Digital-optical Methods of Microparticle Ensemble Analysis by Its Spatial Spectrum (1992)

Abstract New optical-digital methods for the analysis of spatial particle ensemble are offered and analysed. Various forms of solution of the integral equation with the kernel in the form of a square of the Bessel function of the first kind and of first order, expressing in an explicit form the unknown microparticle size distribution function through the average radiation intensity of Fourier spectrum scattered by particles, are obtained. The numerical results presented demonstrate the serviceability of the algorithms proposed.
On Optimal Scheduling of OTA Software Updates for Smart Vehicles Leveraging Fog Computing (2021)

Recently, the problem of optimal resource scheduling for the increasingly growing number of smart vehicles has emerged as a daunting research challenge. While Over the Air (OTA) software updates are critical for the safe routing/driving of smart vehicles, they consume precious network resources if not planned or scheduled appropriately. In this paper, we consider a smart fog computing network to serve the smart vehicles with OTA updates and present two optimal resource scheduling problems SP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and SP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The objective of SP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> is to minimize the maximum waiting time of any smart vehicle and the objective of SP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> aims to minimize the maximum transmission time of any channel. These problems cannot always ascertain optimal solutions in polynomial time. We first propose a random algorithm and a greedy algorithm for these problems and find that these two algorithms may not perform adequately in many cases. Hence, we propose a local search algorithm which takes any feasible solution of a scheduling problem as input and improves that solution. Computer-based simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Adding low-cost hardware barrier support to small commodity clusters (2006)

The performance of the barrier operation can be crucial for many parallel codes. Especially distributed shared memory systems have to synchronize frequently to ensure the proper ordering of memory accesses. The barrier operation is often performed on top of point-to-point messages and the best algorithm scales with O(log2P · L) in the LogP model. We propose a cheap hardware extension which is able to perform the task of synchronization in nearly constant time and implement a driver inside the Open MPI framework to speedup the MPI Barrier() call. We test our implementation with the parallel implementation of Abinit and the MPI overhead decreases by nearly 32%.
COMPLEMENT IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION CONTRIBUTIONS TO INFLAMMATION, INJURY, AND REJECTION (1995)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
An evaluation of Web services in the design of a B2B application (2004)

This paper describes the architectural considerations in the design of a web services B2B application. A component design is presented which exploits the postulated advantages of object oriented and web services technologies. Our main focus has been to design interim measures to overcome the limitations of current web services architecture and standards. We discuss our interim design with reference to our approach to load balancing and the design of application based error handling to support both the load balancing requirements and the web services architecture. The design issues surrounding application based concurrency control in a B2B web services environment are also described. Our concurrency control approach presents a practical adaptation of a pessimistic scheme supporting a nested transaction model.
Similarity-based Assembly Success/Failure Estimation Algorithm (2020)

태블릿 PC와 같은 모바일 IT제품은 복잡한 형상을 갖는 부품으로 구성되어 있을 뿐 아니라, 여러조립 과정을 수반하므로 공정의 자동화가 어려워서, 현장의 조립 공정은 수작업으로 수행되고 있는 실정이다. 위치 제어 기반의 로봇 조립은 조립 속도는 빠르지만, 조립이 실패하면 과도한 접촉력이 발생하여 부품이 파손되거나 로봇이 손상될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 유사도 기반의 조립 성패 판별 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 태블릿 PC의 부품인 배터리 조립 공정에 대하여 여러 유사도 평가 방법을 적용하였고, 마할라노비스 거리 기반의 유사도와 특이값 분해 기반의 유사도를 혼합하여 사용하는 것이 최적의 평가 방식임을 보였다.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (ACTA2) Is Required for Metastatic Potential of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5 - PDF file 56K, Supplementary Figure S5. Effect of ACTA2 silencing using independent shRNA on expression of FAK and c-MET in PC14PE6 cells To investigate whether ACTA2 silencing decreased expression of FAK and c-MET, PC14PE6 cells were transfected with several ACAT2 shRNA using Lipofectamine2000. 48 hours post-transfection, whole cell lysates were prepared to detect the protein and mRNA level of FAK and c-MET by Western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively&lt;/p&gt;
Angiogenesis in acute promyelocytic leukemia: induction by vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibition by all-trans retinoic acid (2001)

Recent studies indicate that angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of leukemias, apart from its well-established role in solid tumors. In this study, the possible role of angiogenesis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was explored. Bone marrow trephine biopsies from patients with APL showed significantly increased microvessel density and hot spot density compared with normal control bone marrow biopsies. To identify the mediators of angiogenesis in APL, quantitative and functional assays were performed using the NB4 APL cell line as a model system. Conditioned media (CM) from the NB4 cells strongly stimulated endothelial cell migration. CM from the NB4 cells contained high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but not basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Most important, the addition of neutralizing VEGF antibodies completely inhibited the ability of NB4 CM to stimulate endothelial cell migration, suggesting that APL angiogenesis is mediated by VEGF. The effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on APL angiogenesis was then studied. ATRA therapy resulted in a decrease in bone marrow microvessel density and hot spot density. CM from ATRA-treated APL cells did not stimulate endothelial cell migration. Finally, quantitative assays showed that ATRA treatment resulted in the abrogation of VEGF production by the NB4 cells. These results show that there is increased angiogenesis and VEGF production in APL and that ATRA therapy inhibits VEGF production and suppresses angiogenesis. The addition of specific antiangiogenic agents to differentiation therapy or chemotherapy should be explored. (Blood. 2001;97:3919-3924)
Practical Risk Theory for Actuaries (1993)

This classic textbook covers all aspects of risk theory in a practical way. It builds on from the late R.E. Beard's extremely popular book Risk Theory, but features more emphasis on simulation and modeling and on the use of risk theory as a practical tool. Practical Risk Theory is a textbook for practicing and student actuaries on the practical asp