gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable Implants in Sports Medicine: The Biological Base (2000)

Biodegradable implants are increasingly used in the field of operative sports medicine. Today, a tremendous variety of implants such as interference screws, staples, sutures, tacks, suture anchors, and devices for meniscal repair are available. These implants consist of different biodegradable polymers that have substantially different raw material characteristics such as in vivo degradation, host-tissue response, and osseous replacement. Because these devices have become the standard implant for several operative procedures, it is essential to understand their biological base. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive insight into biodegradable implant biology for a better understanding of the advantages and risks associated with using these implants in the field of operative sports medicine. In particular, in vivo degradation, biocompatibility, and the osseous replacement of the implants are discussed. A standardized classification system to document and treat possible adverse tissue reactions is given, with special regard to extra-articular and intra-articular soft-tissue response and to osteolytic lesions.
System for high power generation : International Patent WO 2004042922, May 21, 2004. (2004)

Pulsed power generators are a key component in compact systems for generation of high-power microwaves (HPM). HPM generation by virtual cathode devices such as Vircators put high demands on the source. The rise time and the pulse length of the source voltage are two key issues in the generation of HPM radiation. This thesis describes the construction and tests of several inductive high power pulse generators. The pulse generators were designed with the intent to deliver a pulse with fast rise time and rectangular voltage. Therefore, the pulse generators are all based on discharges of transmission lines. The transmission lines used in the pulse generators are modern high voltage cables normally used in power transmission. All tested pulse generators have step up transformers as intermediate magnetic energy storage. Further, the pulse generators have contributed to the knowledge of compact designs. Closing switches is another important device in pulse generator architectures. In general, high power switching involving large currents and high voltages requires the use of robust switches. The switches used in the pulse generators of this thesis are of gas and liquid type.
Scoping calculations on leakage of CO2 in geologic storage: The impact of overburden permeability, phase trapping, and dissolution (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: INTRODUCTION IDEALIZED PROBLEM PHYSICAL PROCESSES NUMERICAL SIMULATOR Simulation Results Summary, Conclusions, and Future Work
Waveguide-mode Illumination for Enhanced Fluorescent Microscopy (2019)

In this research, we apply the near field excited by waveguide mode (WGM) to the illumination of a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope. By utilizing the electric field enhancement by WGM, we can replace the laser light source with a lowoutput light source such as an LED. By measuring the reflection spectra of the WGM chip whose surface was covered with cells, the effect of the cell on the reflection spectra was evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation, we designed an asymmetric trapezoidal prism to excite two fluorescent dyes with different excitation wavelengths on a single WGM chip. By using the trapezoidal prism with different base angles to enhance each wavelength, enhanced fluorescence observations using two fluorescent dyes with a simple optical system became possible. In this optical system, the observation of cultured cells, whose cytoskeleton and nuclei were separately stained with two fluorescent dyes, was carried out. It was confirmed that the fluorescence of each dye was effectively enhanced at both wavelengths.
Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase II in Squid Synaptosomes (1987)

The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II system in squid nervous tissue was investigated. The Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II was found to be very active in the synaptosome preparation from optic lobe, where it was associated with the high-speed particulate fraction. Incubation of the synaptosomal homogenate with calcium, calmodulin, magnesium, and ATP resulted in partial and reversible conversion of the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II from its calcium-dependent form to a calcium-independent species. The magnitude of this conversion reaction could be increased by inclusion of the protein phosphatase inhibitor NaF or by substitution of adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) for ATP. When [gamma-32P]ATP was used, proteins of 54 and 58 kilodaltons (kDa) as well as proteins greater than 100 kDa were rapidly 32P-labeled in a calcium-dependent manner. Major 125I-CaM binding proteins in the synaptosome membrane fraction were 38 and 54 kDa. The Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II was purified from the squid synaptosome and was shown to consist of 54- and 58-60-kDa subunits. The purified kinase, like Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II from rat brain, catalyzed autophosphorylation associated with formation of the calcium-independent form. These studies, characterizing the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II in squid neural tissue, are supportive of the putative role of this kinase in regulating calcium-dependent synaptic functions.
Effects of parametric uncertainty in designing a high-brightness LED light system (2008)

One way to create white light is with a RGB color mixing system, in which light from multiple monochromatic LEDs (red, green and blue) is mixed. Unfortunately, there are several variations/uncertainties between individual LEDs that can create unwanted problems, such as variations in: forward voltage drop, peak wavelength, spectral radiant intensity, and the width of the spectral power distributions (SPD) of the LEDs. This paper will explain, through experiments, behavioral models and probability theory, how the variations affect the design of LED based lighting system. We especially describe the effects such as the influence of SPD variation and Forward Voltage drop variation.
Accurate and efficient runtime detection of atomicity errors in concurrent programs (2006)

Atomicity is an important correctness condition for concurrent systems. Informally, atomicity is the property that every concurrent execution of a set of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of the same transactions. In multi-threaded programs, executions of procedures (or methods) can be regarded as transactions. Correctness in the presence of concurrency often requires atomicity of these transactions. Tools that automatically detect atomicity violations can uncover subtle errors that are hard to find with traditional debugging and testing techniques.This paper presents new algorithms for runtime (dynamic) detection of violations of conflict-atomicity and view-atomicity, which are analogous to conflict-serializability and view-serializability in database systems. In these algorithms, the recorded events are formed into a graph with edges representing the synchronization within each transaction and possible interactions between transactions. We give conditions on the graph that imply conflict-atomicity and view-atomicity. Experiments show that these new algorithms are more efficient in most experiments and are more accurate than previous algorithms with comparable asymptotic complexity.
Abstract 6363: Small molecule PG3-Oc partially restores the p53 pathway transcriptome and proteome in tumors with mutant p53 through ATF4 transcriptional modulation by ERK1/2 and CDK9 (2020)

Abstract The tumor-suppressor p53 prevents cancer development via initiating cell-cycle arrest, cell death, repair, or anti-angiogenesis processes. Over 50% of human cancers harbor cancer-causing mutations in p53. p53 mutations not only abrogate its tumor-suppressor function, but also endow mutant p53 with a gain of function (GOF), creating a proto-oncogene that contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and chemo- or radiotherapy resistance. Thus, targeting mutant p53 and/or restoring a wild-type p53 signaling pathway provides an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. We previously reported that prodigiosin, a natural product, has potent anti-cancer activity against tumors with mutated p53. The novel synthetic analogue of prodigiosin, PG3-Oc, is potent in reducing both short-term and long-term proliferation in a broad panel of mutant p53 cell lines. PG3-Oc treatment induces genome-wide restoration of p53 target genes, which are mediated by activation of ATF4. We demonstrate that ERK1/2 and CDK9 kinase functions are required for ATF4 transcriptional activity in mutant p53-expressing cancer cells. We have characterized a mechanism of PG3-Oc that engages the apoptosis pathway by upregulation of the pro-apoptotic p53 target gene PUMA in a time-and dose-dependent manner through the ATF4/PUMA axis in colorectal cancer cell lines. We further report the impact of PG3-Oc on the p53 transcriptome and proteome and the role of ATF4. Our results demonstrate feasibility of functional cellular reprogramming to restore p53 pathway signaling and provide novel insights into mechanisms of signaling leading to cell death and tumor suppression with potential clinical relevance in cancer therapy. Citation Format: Xiaobing Tian, Nagib Ahsan, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Small molecule PG3-Oc partially restores the p53 pathway transcriptome and proteome in tumors with mutant p53 through ATF4 transcriptional modulation by ERK1/2 and CDK9 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6363.
Development of a screening method for the determination of xenobiotic organic pollutants in municipal landfill leachate using solvent extraction and comprehensive GCxGC-qMS analysis (2013)

Abstract In the present study, we propose a method for the evaluation of different classes of xenobiotic organic compounds enclosed in the municipal landfill leachate using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GCxGC-qMS). Here we show that, due to high peak capacity of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, in a single run it is possible to separate compounds with different physical-chemical properties (such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, aldehydes, ketones, nitrogen containing compounds, organo-phosphoric flame retardants etc.), compounds which have proved to be endocrine disruptors, compounds that are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, reprotoxic or harmful for the environment. Even though a solvent extraction method has been optimised, the extraction step still remains the main problem for a comprehensive characterization of all classes of organic toxicants enclosed in the municipal landfill leachate.
Atomic Guinea Pigs? Cold War Human Radiation Experiments (2005)

During the cold war, the federal government conducted radiation experiments on humans. Researchers exposed over 200,000 people to potentially harmful radioactivity. Soldiers endured atomic blasts and flew airplanes through mushroom clouds. Doctors exposed patients to total body irradiation, fed radioactive iron to pregnant women, and irradiated the testicles of prison inmates. As reporter Eileen Wel-some described, the cold war “spawned an orgy of human experimentation” (1). The research was often done without the knowledge or consent of the people exposed. Although most suffered no ill effects, many were harmed. Researchers, concerned about bad publicity and legal liability, concealed their work by classifying it “Top Secret.” As a result, few people knew about the research until Welsome's 1993 exposé forced the Department of Energy (DOE) to declassify millions of documents. The resulting archive provides a frightening chronicle of human experimentation. Most histories of the cold war focus on...
Unilateral whisker trimming in newborn rats alters neuronal coincident discharge among mature barrel cortex neurons (2014)

It is known that sensory deprivation, including postnatal whisker trimming, can lead to severe deficits in the firing rate properties of cortical neurons. Recent results indicate that development of synchronous discharge among cortical neurons is also activity influenced, and that correlated discharge is significantly impaired following loss of bilateral sensory input in rats. Here we investigate whether unilateral whisker trimming (unilateral deprivation or UD) after birth interferes in the same way with the development of synchronous discharge in cortex. We measured the coincidence of spikes among pairs of neurons recorded under urethane anesthesia in one whisker barrel field deprived by trimming all contralateral whiskers for 60 days after birth (UD), and in untrimmed controls (CON). In the septal columns around barrels, UD significantly increased the coincident discharge among cortical neurons compared with CON, most notably in layers II/III. In contrast, synchronous discharge was normal between layer IV UD barrel neurons: i.e., not different from CON. Thus, while bilateral whisker deprivation (BD) produced a global deficit in the development of synchrony in layer IV, UD did not block the development of synchrony between neurons in layer IV barrels and increased synchrony within septal circuits. We conclude that changes in synchronous discharge after UD are unexpectedly different from those recorded after BD, and we speculate that this effect may be due to the driven activity from active commissural inputs arising from the contralateral hemisphere that received normal activity levels during postnatal development.
Temperature versus energy based approaches in the thermal assessment of buildings (2017)

In this paper the temperature-based approach (using an adaptive thermal comfort model) was validated and compared with the energy-based approach (AccuRate) using four full scale housing test modules located in Newcastle, Australia (Cavity Brick (CB), Insulated Cavity Brick (InsCB), Insulated Brick Veneer (InsBV) and Insulated Reverse Brick Veneer (InsRBV)) subjected to a range of seasonal conditions in a moderate climate. The time required for heating and/or cooling using the adaptive thermal comfort approach and AccuRate predictions were estimated. Significant savings (of about 50 %) in energy consumption in minimizing the time required for heating and cooling were achieved by using the adaptive thermal comfort model.
An air-filled cavity-backed 2×2 slot sub-array fed by inverted microstrip gap waveguide (2015)

© 2015 EurAAP. A wideband 2×2-slot element for a 60 GHz antenna array is designed by making use of air filled cavity fed by inverted microstrip gap waveguide. The designed element is a triple layer structure in which the upper layer contains four radiating slots backed by an air-filled cavity. The cavity is excited by a coupling slot fed by an inverted microstrip gap waveguide formed in the air-gap between the middle and lower layers. The designed 2×2-slot element is considered in an infinite array environment. A sample 32×32 slot array aperture is simulated using infinite array approach. The results show that the mismatch is better than -15 dB and the directivity larger than 38 dBi over 56.3-67.9GHz frequency range, i.e. 20.7 % bandwidth.
Toward Totally Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Titanium Grids and Polymeric Electrolyte (2016)

In this work, we present a novelty in the dye-sensitized solar cell scenario: a quasi-solid and completely flexible configuration based on plastic substrates and metallic meshes as support. The aim is to obtain a portable efficient device that can be competitive in the solar market due to the low cost and easy-to-prepare materials used for its fabrication. To fulfill this purpose, three different typologies of devices are proposed and tested in order to move from a rigid to a completely flexible setup in a gradual way. Materials and cells have been thoroughly characterized and tested by means of physicochemical, electrical, and electrochemical measurements to investigate the observed performances and the results that are reported in this paper.
Scanning the Dial: The Rapid Recognition of Music Genres (2008)

Abstract Given brief excerpts of commercially recorded music in one of ten broad genres of music, participants in this study were asked to evaluate each excerpt and to assign it to one of the ten genre labels. It was expected that participants would be good at this task, since they were the very consumers for whom much of this music had been created. But the speed at which participants could perform this task, including above-chance categorizations of excerpts as short as 1/4 second, was quite unexpected.
Preparation and Formation Process of TlBa2Can-1CunOy (1989)

The Tl–Ba–Ca–Cu–O compounds, TlBa 2 Ca n -1 Cu n O y ( n = 1–5), with a single Tl–O layer and multiple Cu–O layers per unit cell were prepared. The formation process of these phases was studied. The numbers of Cu–O and Tl–O layers were influenced by the thallium content. Control of the thallium content was essential to prepare the desired phases in the Tl–Ba–Ca–Cu–O system. The value of T c increased with increasing number of Cu–O layers (1≤ n ≤4). At n =5 T c was lower than that at n =4. Therefore, the highest T c value was obtained at n =4.
Five-year overall survival among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results of Russian population-based study RENSUR5. (2017)

20 Background: The results of the 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been reported rarely. The aim of the RENSUR5 registry study was to obtain real-world data on the use of therapies in mRCC and assess 5-year OS in Russian population. Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified at 11 cancer centers in different regions of Russia (Astrakhan, Barnaul, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnoyarsk, Obninsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, St.Petersburg, Ufa). Patients were included if mRCC was diagnosed from January 2010 to January 2011. Anonymised data were collected through an online registry covering demographics, treatments and outcomes. Results: 439 adult mRCC patients were included in the study for analysis. Mean age at diagnosis of mRCC was 60.9 (33-90) years (with 9% of patients aged 3 75 years). Patients were predominantly male (70.2%), 67.7% had nephrectomy; clear-cell and non-clear cell tumors were detected in 61.1% and 7.7% of patients, respectively. 271 (62%) patients received systemic therapy. Median duration of therapy was 11 months (95% CI 9.5-12.5). The majority of treatment was with interferon only (n=145). 105 (23.9%) patients were treated with targeted therapy. 69 (15.7%) patients received 3 2 treatment lines. Survival outcomes are listed in Table. Conclusions: RENSUR5 is a large 'real-world' database assessing mRCC treatment patterns and 5-year OS in Russia. Based on results of this study, we assume that 5-year OS is poor and should be improved on novel therapies. [Table: see text]
Influence of Temperature on Reproduction, Development, and Intrinsic Rate of Increase of Russian Wheat Aphid, Greenbug, and Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) (1989)

Journal Article Influence of Temperature on Reproduction, Development, and Intrinsic Rate of Increase of Russian Wheat Aphid, Greenbug, and Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Get access G. J. Michels, G. J. Michels Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A& MResearch and Extension Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. W. Behle R. W. Behle Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A& MResearch and Extension Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 82, Issue 2, 1 April 1989, Pages 439–444, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.2.439 Published: 01 April 1989 Article history Received: 16 May 1988 Accepted: 02 December 1988 Published: 01 April 1989
Figure S1 from Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells is Mediated by Wnt/β-catenin Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blot analysis of (A) LS1034, (B) SW480, and (C) SW837 cells 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after transfection with siRNAs targeting β-catenin, and a non-silencing control siRNA (siNEG).&lt;/p&gt;
Deeply conserved chordate noncoding sequences preserve genome synteny but do not drive gene duplicate retention (2009)

Animal genomes possess highly conserved cis-regulatory sequences that are often found near genes that regulate transcription and development. Researchers have proposed that the strong conservation of these sequences may affect the evolution of the surrounding genome, both by repressing rearrangement, and possibly by promoting duplicate gene retention. Conflicting data, however, have made the validity of these propositions unclear. Here, we use a new computational method to identify phylogenetically conserved noncoding elements (PCNEs) in a manner that is not biased by rearrangement and duplication. This method is powerful enough to identify more than a thousand PCNEs that have been conserved between vertebrates and the basal chordate amphioxus. We test 42 of our PCNEs in transgenic zebrafish assays--including examples from vertebrates and amphioxus--and find that the majority are functional enhancers. We find that PCNEs are enriched around genes with ancient synteny conservation, and that this association is strongest for extragenic PCNEs, suggesting that cis-regulatory interdigitation plays a key role in repressing genome rearrangement. Next, we classify mouse and zebrafish genes according to association with PCNEs, synteny conservation, duplication history, and presence in bidirectional promoter pairs, and use these data to cluster gene functions into a series of distinct evolutionary patterns. These results demonstrate that subfunctionalization of conserved cis-regulation has not been the primary determinate of gene duplicate retention in vertebrates. Instead, the data support the gene balance hypothesis, which proposes that duplicate retention has been driven by selection against dosage imbalances in genes with many protein connections.
The immune function of aging T cells (35.6) (2009)

Abstract Age related changes compromise T cell mediated immunity. Previous findings suggest that the aged immune T cell repertoire can be exploited to mount effective anti-tumor responses to immunogenic tumors. However, antitumor immune responses against tumor self-antigens are significantly dysregulated in the old; hence, the salient differences in the biology and function of T cells between young and old, should be elucidated. These differences fall into three categories: (i) there are lower surface levels of T cell receptor (TCR) on old CD4 and CD8 T cells, (ii) the TCR complex is cycled differently in aged T cells and (iii) the TCR complex may be disassociated in older animals. Therefore these preliminary findings support the hypothesis that aging causes a decline in T cell function. Data analyses from a T cell activation time-course microarray study show that there are large differences in the gene expression profiles of old and young naive cells in CD4 (2022 genes) and CD8 (3666 genes) subsets. These differing genetic signatures point to potentially dysregulated proteins in the old immune system. Further investigation of selected gene products using appropriate mouse models, may provide valuable preclinical information with significant therapeutic potential which could have the opportunity of being translated into clinical trials. This work was sponsored in part by a grant from AFAR.