gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nickel sulfide formation at low temperature: initial precipitates, solubility and transformation products (2010)

Environmental context Remediation technologies often rely on manipulation of redox conditions or natural redox processes to favour microbial sulfate-reduction and mineral sulfide formation for treatment of inorganic contaminants in groundwater, including nickel. However, few data are available on the structural properties, solubility and mineral transformation processes involving nickel sulfides. These data are needed in order to constrain the long term performance of groundwater remediation efforts. Abstract The formation of nickel sulfides has been examined experimentally over the temperature range from 25 to 60°C. At all conditions studied, hexagonal (a-NiS) was the initial precipitate from solution containing Ni2+ and dissolved sulfide. Freshly precipitated nickel sulfide possesses significant residual Ni–O coordination as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. With progressive aging, residual Ni–O coordination is replaced by Ni–S coordination. The formation of millerite (ß-NiS, rhombohedral) was not detected in any of the synthesis experiments. In the presence of elemental sulfur, hexagonal NiS converted to polydymite (Ni3S4) and vaesite (NiS2). Thus, conversion of nickel monosulfide to thiospinel and disulfide structures appears to be redox dependent, analogous to aging and transformation processes of iron sulfides. In the absence of elemental sulfur or with only hydrogen sulfide or bisulfide present, transformation of hexagonal NiS was not observed after 1680 h at 60°C. Low-pH solubility experiments yielded a solubility product for hexagonal NiS of log Ks0 = –2.69 ± 0.26. Solubility data at pH &amp;gt; 3 suggest that Ni–bisulfide complexation is important in controlling the solubility of Ni in sulfidic solutions.
Ribavirin aerosol for acute bronchiolitis. (1986)

A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of treatment with an aerosolised antiviral agent, ribavirin, was conducted in 26 infants with clinically diagnosed bronchiolitis. Nebulised ribavirin (14 infants) or normal saline aerosol (12 infants) was given for 18 hours a day for at least three days. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in nasal secretions from 20 cases (10 from both groups). Trends in seven out of eight clinical variables favoured active treatment. Ribavirin aerosol was associated with significantly faster improvement in cough and crepitations and more rapid rate of fall in respiratory and heart rates. In the 20 infants from whose nasal secretions respiratory syncytial virus was identified most variables favoured treatment with ribavirin, with significant reduction in chest recession. No difference was found in the rate of clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. The treatment was well tolerated as judged clinically and from the results of haematological and biochemical studies. The study suggests nebulised ribavirin may have a place in the treatment of some cases of bronchiolitis.
Metastability of Spinel-type Solid Solutions in the SiO2−Al2O3 System (1997)

The addition of small amounts (2−10 wt %) of SiO2 to γ-Al2O3 increases the temperature of heat treatment necessary for transformation to α-Al2O3 by ∼100 K. We have studied this system using high-temperature solution calorimetry in molten 2PbO·B2O3 at 1043 K. Our results indicate that the spinel-type Al2O3−SiO2 solid solutions with 2−10 wt % SiO2 are always energetically metastable by 30−35 kJ·mol-1 (on a 4 O2- per mole basis) with respect to α-Al2O3 and quartz. Calculation of the maximum configurational entropy of the solid solutions allowed determination of the likely most negative value of the Gibbs free energy of the materials. The solid solutions are somewhat entropy stabilized, but still thermodynamically metastable by >10 kJ·mol-1 at 1400 K. Therefore, SiO2 addition appears to provide mainly a kinetic hindrance to α-Al2O3 formation.
Weak measurement of optical spin Hall effect in phase-discontinuity metasurface (2015)

Recently it has been demonstrated that a rapid phase-change at a phase-discontinuity metasurface (PDM) leads to an additional momentum gradient enabling a direct observation of optical spin Hall (OSH) shift. We show that the helicity-dependent OSH shift depends on incidence and refraction angles at PDM, and construct a weak value measurement to control OSH shift by a variable phase retardance in the post-selection.
Solution-Processed pH-Neutral Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Improves Interfacial Contact in Organic Solar Cells (2014)

The intrinsic acidic nature of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transporting layer (HTL) induces interfacial protonation and limits the device performance in organic solar cells based on basic pyridylthiadiazole units. By utilizing a pH neutral, water/alcohol soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE-K as the HTL in p-DTS(PTTh2)2:PC71BM solar cells, a 60% enhancement in PCE has been obtained with an increased V(bi), reduced R(s), and improved charge extraction. These effects originate from the elimination of interfacial protonation and energy barrier compared with the PEDOT:PSS HTL.
Adaptive Dither Voting for Robust Spatial Verification (2015)

Hough voting in a geometric transformation space allows us to realize spatial verification, but remains sensitive to feature detection errors because of the inflexible quantization of single feature correspondences. To handle this problem, we propose a new method, called adaptive dither voting, for robust spatial verification. For each correspondence, instead of hard-mapping it to a single transformation, the method augments its description by using multiple dithered transformations that are deterministically generated by the other correspondences. The method reduces the probability of losing correspondences during transformation quantization, and provides high robustness as regards mismatches by imposing three geometric constraints on the dithering process. We also propose exploiting the non-uniformity of a Hough histogram as the spatial similarity to handle multiple matching surfaces. Extensive experiments conducted on four datasets show the superiority of our method. The method outperforms its state-of-the-art counterparts in both accuracy and scalability, especially when it comes to the retrieval of small, rotated objects.
Leptin actions on food intake and body temperature are mediated by IL-1 (1999)

Leptin regulates energy balance through its actions in the brain on appetite and energy expenditure and also shares properties with cytokines such as IL-1. We report here that leptin, injected into rats intracerebroventricularly or peripherally, induces significant dose-dependent increases in core body temperature as well as suppression of appetite. Leptin failed to affect food intake or body temperature in obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats, which posses a defective leptin receptor. Furthermore, injection of leptin increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in the hypothalamus of normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Central injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) inhibited the suppression of food intake caused by central or peripheral injection of leptin (60 and 84%, respectively) and abolished the leptin-induced increase in body temperature in both cases. Mice lacking (gene knockout) the main IL-1 receptor (80 kDa, R1) responsible for IL-1 actions showed no reduction in food intake in response to leptin. These data indicate that leptin actions in the brain depend on IL-1, and we show further that the effect of leptin on fever, but not food intake, is abolished by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Thus, we propose that in addition to its role in body weight regulation, leptin may mediate neuroimmune responses via actions in the brain dependent on release of IL-1 and prostaglandins.
A toll-like receptor 4 agonist enhances the efficacy of trastuzumab therapy of a human ErbB-2 (HER2)-transfected syngeneic tumor in a human HER2 transgenic mouse model (2008)

LB-227 Antibodies against cancer-relevant targets can exert their activities in part by recruiting Fc-receptor bearing myeloid and natural killer cells to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Toll-like receptors are potent activators of the innate immune system and generate signals leading to the initiation of an adaptive immune response that can be utilized for therapeutic purposes. We have previously shown that therapy with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and E6020, a TLR4 agonist, protects against the outgrowth of syngeneic D5 melanoma transfected with the human tumor antigen HER2 in immunodeficient C57BL/6 SCID mice and in immunocompetent wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In order to determine if these results would be replicated in immunocompetent but immunologically tolerant mice, we created C57BL/6 ErbB-2 transgenic mice that constitutively express kinase-deficient human HER2 under control of the CMV promoter. We treated cohorts of 7-12 human HER2 transgenic bearing human HER2-transfected D5 murine melanoma cells (D5-HER2) with the human anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab. These mice demonstrate immunological tolerance to the syngeneic D5-HER2 cell line, which produces tumors in the transgenic mice as well as in SCID mice, but fails to induce an antibody response in either strain. These results contrast with results in immunocompetent mice, which are more resistant to tumor challenge and mount robust anti-human HER2 antibody responses. C57BL/6 HER2 transgenic mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 103 D5-HER2 cells and received either PBS, trastuzumab+E6020, or either agent alone. E6020 and trastuzumab co-treatment resulted in significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth than that observed with any agent individually (P
Effect of Maternal Semi-Sitting, Dorsal Recumbent and Lithotomy Positions on the Progress of Labor: A Comparative Approach (2012)

Although various positions adopted during labor and delivery has been studied over thepast 40 years, controversy still surrounds the results regarding obstetric variables. The aim ofthis study was to compare the effect of maternal semi-sitting and dorsal recumbent versuslithotomy positions on the progress of labor. A Quasi-experimental research design wasadopted. Setting: The study was carried out in the labor ward of the General Hospital and theHealth Insurance Hospital in Beni Suef Governorate. The sample were eighty parturientrecruited in each of the three labor positions: semi-sitting (SS), dorsal recumbent (DR), andlithotomy (LI) positions. Tools of data collection were; a structured interview schedule, anassessment sheet of mother fetal condition, and observation checklist: to collect data aboutdetails of second and third stage of labor. The results of the study revealed that the meanduration, frequency, and intensity of the uterine of the contractions were highest in the SSgroup, and lowest in the LI (p<0.001). No significant differences were noticed among thethree groups in their vital signs, but women in the SS group had women who were highermean diastolic pressure (p<0.001). The mean duration of the second and third stages in theSS group was lower than those in the DR and LI groups. Conclusion: The frequency,intensity, and duration of the uterine contractions were better compared to dorsal recumbentand lithotomy positions. The mean durations of the second and third stages were alsosignificantly shorter. Recommendations: the utilization of the semi-sitting labor positionmust be encouraged, with randomized clinical trial to provide further confirmation of thestudy findings.
TRAINING OF MANAGERS IN PROGRAM PLANNING AND EVALUATION (1981)

Two programmatic approaches to the training of public school managers in program planning and evaluation were compared. An Active learning Pmgram (ALP), that emphasized discussion, behavioral rehearsal, 'and social reinforcement and feedback, was implemented in a public school district with five curriculum supervisors. It was compared with an Instructions Oriented Program (IOP), that emphasized lectures and discussions and was implemented in another school district with five curriculum supervisors. Both programs consisted of four, two-hour training sessions held during four consecutive weeks. Results indicated that the ALP was more effective than the IOP. Moreover, the usefulness of evaluable programs for classroom-level educational programming was socially validated by a sample of classroom teachers. Lastly, participants in the ALP expressed a greater degree of satisfaction with the training than those in the IOP.
Spin dynamics in AGS and RHIC (2004)

A fundamental aspect of particle physics is the spin of the particles. With polarized beams, the internal structure of the proton may be probed in ways that are unattainable with unpolarized beams. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has the unique capability of colliding protons with both transverse and longitudinal polarization at center-of-mass energies up to 500 GeV. In this paper we examine the methods used to accelerate and manipulate polarized proton beams in RHIC and its injectors. Special techniques include the use of a partial Siberian snake and an ac dipole in the AGS. In RHIC we use four superconducting helical Siberian snakes (two per ring) for acceleration, and eight superconducting helical rotators for independent control of polarization directions at two interaction regions.
A Free-Viewpoint Video Renderer (2009)

Free-viewpoint video allows interactive control of the camera viewpoint in video playback using a three-dimensional (3D) scene representation. This paper describes the challenges and the state-of-the-art techniques adopted in developing a free-viewpoint renderer for 3D video production of people. The system requires video streams from a set of fixed or dynamic real-world video cameras and synthesizes arbitrary viewpoints on the GPU using a dynamic 3D scene model. We have released the renderer as an open source application for the research community (see the web information at the end of this paper). The renderer provides (i) the facility to simulate camera viewpoints from publicly available multiple-view video datasets and (ii) a baseline technique for free-viewpoint video synthesis in the development of interactive 3D video and 3DTV applications.
RevKit: A Toolkit for Reversible Circuit Design (2012)

Abstract—In recent years, research in the domain of reversible circuit design has attracted significant attention leading to many different approaches for e.g. synthesis, optimization, simulation, verification, and test. However, most of the resulting tools are not publicly available. In this paper, we introduce RevKit, an open source toolkit that aims to make recent developments in reversible circuit design accessible to other researchers. Therefore, a modular and extendable framework is provided which easily enables the addition of new methods and tools. RevKit already provides some of the existing approaches for synthesis, optimization, and verification functionality. I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The development of computing machines has found great success in the last decades. Nowadays billions of components are built on a few square centimeters – and this increasing
KRAS and BRAF mutation analysis on paired biopsy and resection specimens of patients with colorectal cancer: Molecular analysis using high-resolution melting, direct sequencing, KRAS ARMS-scorpion PCR and BRAF pyrosequencing. (2011)

10609 Background: KRAS testing is mandatory if anti-EGFR therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered. In addition, BRAF might prove to be as important for successful treatment with panitumumab or cetuximab. To date, molecular analysis is preferably performed on resection material; however, in metastatic disease a biopsy might be the only available tissue. The aim of this study is to analyze KRAS and BRAF mutations in paired biopsy and resection specimens of the primary tumor to explore if biopsy material is sufficient to define the mutational status. Methods: DNA was extracted from a group of 126 unselected CRC patients following macro dissection of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks using the QIAmp DNA FFPE Tissue kit. KRAS and BRAF mutation was assessed using high-resolution melting (HRM) and direct sequencing. Additionally the Therascreen ARMS-scorpion KRAS assay (DxS, Manchester, UK) and BRAF Pyrosequencing (Therascreen BRAF Pyro Kit, Qiagen, Venlo, N.L.) were employed as well; both assays claim to require less tumor cells in comparison with direct sequencing. Results: Six KRAS samples were not conclusive in the HRM, one in the sequence and one in the ARMS-scorpion method and are excluded. BRAF showed no exclusions. BRAF and KRAS were found to be mutually exclusive. Mutation frequencies for KRAS codon 12, 13 and BRAF V600E were 33.9% and 19.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Biopsies and resection specimens of CRC patients showed very high KRAS and BRAF concordance. Biopsies of the primary tumor and possibly metastasis, representatives of the primary tumor, can thus be used for molecular analysis. Number of mutated and wild-type samples found for each method. Percentage concordance between biopsy and resection without the nondetectable samples. KRAS-HRM KRAS-Seq ARMS pcr BRAF-HRM BRAF-Seq Pyroseq Biopsy mutated (n) 40 38 38 22 21 22 Resection mutated (n) 40 40 40 23 23 24 Biopsy wild type (n) 85 87 88 104 105 104 Resection wild type (n) 81 86 85 103 103 102 Concordance (%) 99.2 98.4 97.6 99.2 98.4 98.4
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori May Be Beneficial in the Management of Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma (2002)

Helicobacter pylori eradication may positively influence glaucoma parameters, suggesting a possible causal link between H pylori and glaucoma.
Redundancy Technology Involving Motor Malfunction in All Wheel Drive Vehicle (2006)

All wheel drive vehicles with in-wheel motors can control the yaw-moment of the vehicle by utilizing force distribution. When the power output of the in-wheel motor stops or the rotation clings, the vehicle becomes unstable by the unbalance of the right and left driving forces. The yaw rate and the lateral acceleration were measured when the motor broke down using an electric vehicle with in-wheel motors on all of its wheels. Not small influence was occurred on the test when the motor breaks down while accelerating. It was effective to stop the motor power output on the same axle when one of the motor broke down, Even if one motor were to break down, the control algorithm with high redundancy and safety features makes possible for the vehicle to keep running using the other motors.
Aroma-Active Components in Fermented Bamboo Shoots (2001)

Bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys pubescens) were fermented and prepared in a traditional Taiwanese manner. Static and dynamic headspace extractions of volatile compounds were conducted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and by cryogenic focusing purge and trap, respectively. Volatile analysis was conducted with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO) was conducted utilizing the Osme time-intensity method. Of 70 volatile compounds detected, 29 possessed aroma activity, and the most odor active included p-cresol (barn-like), 2-heptanol (mushroom), acetic acid (vinegar), and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom). SPME extracted 66 compounds, purge and trap extracted 14 compounds, and 12 compounds were common to both methods. The Osme GCO technique coupled with SPME is an effective tool for the extraction and evaluation of aroma-active headspace volatiles.
Dynamic point selection in image mosaicking (2006)

Image mosaicking is a procedure of integrating information from a series of images to create a comprehensive view of the scene. It is typically carried out by selecting a subset of pixels from each of the individual images, matching these selected pixels from different images, and then mapping all the images onto a common image grid. The number of selected pixels is a critical parameter that affects both computational complexity and mosaicking accuracy. An image mosaicking algorithm is developed by using a novel dynamic point selection concept. The algorithm automatically determines the number of pixels to select according to the similarity of the images. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm generates mosaic accurately and efficiently.
Simulation of a Radial Pump Fast Startup and Analysis of the Loop Response Using a Transient 1D Mean Stream Line Based Model (2019)

A predictive transient two-phase flow rotodynamic pump model has been developed in the Code for Analysis of THermalhydraulics during an Accident of Reactor and safety Evaluation (CATHARE-3). Flow inside parts of the pump (suction, impeller, diffuser and volute) is computed according to a one-dimensional discretisation following a mean flow path. Transient governing equations of the model are solved using an implicit resolution method and integrated along the curvilinear abscissa of the element. This model has been previously qualified at the component scale by comparison to an existing experimental database. The present study aims at extending the validation at the system scale: a whole experimental test loop is modelled. The ability of the transient pump model to predict flow rate, head and torque as a function of time during a 1-s pump fast start-up is evaluated. The transient evolution of the pressure upstream and downstream from the centrifugal pump is well predicted by the simulation compared to the measurements. Local quantities such as pressure and velocity inside elements of the circuit are analysed. In the considered case, inertial effects of the global circuit are dominant when compared to pump inertial effects due to the high characteristic lengths of the pipes. The main perspective of this work consists in the simulation of similar pump transients, in cavitating conditions.
Enantioselective Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling (2017)

Nickel catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have emerged as powerful methods to form C(sp^3)-C(sp^2) and C(sp^3)-C(sp^3) bonds. Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions have proven particularly useful for the&#13;\ncross-coupling of secondary alkyl electrophiles, often providing chiral products as racemic mixts. Recognizing&#13;\nthat the ability to render these transformations enantioselective would enhance their utility, our lab. has&#13;\nrecently developed enantioselective Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions of an array of org.&#13;\nelectrophiles. This seminar will discuss our recent progress in this area.
Soviet Schooling During the Tenth five-Year Plan and the twenty-fifth Party Congress (1976)

In 1977, as the Soviet Union celebrates the sixtieth anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution, Soviet education stands on the threshold of achieving the goal of universal education that was first projected in the Communist Party's United Labor School decree of 1918. The current transition to universal ten-year schooling, which in all likelihood will be completed in the next few years, will realize the original goal of Lenin, his wife Krupskaya, and the other founders of the Soviet education system: free, compulsory education for all children between the ages of seven and seventeen. Recent progress toward provision of universal ten-year education and overall improvement in the quality of schooling were the key themes in the education sections of both the socioeconomic policy directives of the Soviet Tenth Five-Year Plan for 1976-80 and the speeches at the Twenty-fifth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union last February. The articles in this issue of Soviet Education were written by the leading administrators of each institutional component of the Soviet school system, providing a review of successes and shortcomings under the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1971-75) and an outline of priorities for the Tenth Plan. Next month's issue will present a similar selection of articles on higher education, also occasioned by the new five-year plan and the Twenty-fifth Party Congress.