gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The importance of intraluminal anastomotic fecal contact and peritonitis in colonic anastomotic leakages (1988)

An experimental, randomized, prospective study was performed in 64 dogs to evaluate the effect of fecal loading, solely, or in combination with induced peritonitis, on colonic anastomosis. The animals, none of which had bowel preparations, were randomized into four groups. Group I underwent sigmoid resection and standard open end-to-end anastomosis; Group II underwent sigmoid resection and an intracolonic bypass procedure; Group III underwent experimentally induced fecal peritonitis, sigmoid resection, and anastomosis; Group IV underwent induction of fecal peritonitis, sigmoid resection and an intracolonic bypass procedure. Using Fisher's exact test, results indicate a more statistically significant increased leak rate in Group III than in Group II (P = .04), and Group III than in Group IV (P = .03), but no statistically significant anastomotic leak rate between the peritonitis (III and IV) and the nonperitonitis (I and II) groups. A very significant statistical increase in leak rate (P = .002) was observed when comparing the 25 percent leak rate of Groups I and III (anastomosis subjected to fecal contact) with the 0 percent leak rate of Groups II and IV (anastomosis excluded from fecal contact) regardless of the peritonitis. This study suggests that the intraluminal contact of fecal loading at the colonic anastomosis is a more significant factor in anastomotic complications due to dehiscences than peritonitis per se. It follows, therefore, that if feces can be excluded from intraluminal contact with an anastomotic site, an anastomosis can be safely performed even in the presence of treated peritonitis.
Human factors applications to computer-aided system design in LNG (liquefied natural gas) facilities. Volume 1. Design principles. Final report, August 1983-October 1985 (1985)

The principal objectives of this project were to: (1) develop HF design guidelines for computer-aided control and display systems in LNG facilities, and (2) assist the GRI in disseminating project results and developing industry-standard guidelines. A comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art HF guidelines were developed for the workspace, data display, operator-computer dialogue, data entry, annunciator systems and support systems. Examples illustrate HF enhancements resulting from the application of these guidelines. A guideline and checklist package was also developed for use as a practical handbook by the industry when evaluating or improving control and display systems. The package of design and enhancement principles is intended for use by plant operators in evaluating control and display systems and making recommendations for systems improvements, by plant managers in ensuring that HF considerations are incorporated in computer-aided plant systems, and by engineers and equipment vendors in designing equipment and adapting control and display systems to LNG facilities.
Semi-full-bridge submodule for modular multilevel converters (2015)

The energy variations in each arm of the modular multilevel converter comprises two components. The first component relates to the difference between the instantaneous input and output power of each phase-leg, and the second component relates to the energy which is moved back and forth between the two arms of the phase-leg. The latter component can be reduced or even eliminated if the peak-to-peak amplitude of the alternating voltage is greater than the pole-to-pole voltage of the dc link. This will, however, require submodules which can insert negative voltages. Therefore, a semi-full-bridge submodule which uses less semiconductors than the conventional full-bridge is proposed. Simulation results shows that by using the negative voltage-levels the capacitor voltage ripple can be reduced by up to 59%. Experimental results also shows that a 7-level voltage waveform can be generated using only one semi-full-bridge submodule with two capacitors per arm.
Cytotoxic effects of adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 protein expression in normal and tumor mammary epithelial cells. (1995)

To evaluate the effects of the wild-type p53 expression in normal and tumor cells, we have constructed a recombinant adenovirus vector (E1 minus) expressing human wild-type p53 cDNA (AdWTp53). Infection of normal and tumor cells of lung and mammary epithelial origin with AdWTp53 resulted in high levels of wild-type p53 expression. Production of p53 protein following infection was dependent on the dose of AdWTp53 with maximum amounts of p53 produced following infection with 50 plaque-forming units/cell. AdWTp53 infection inhibited the growth of all human cell lines studied. However, tumor cells that were null for p53 prior to infection (H-358 and MDA-MB-157) and tumor cells that expressed mutant endogenous p53 protein (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453) were more sensitive to AdWTp53 cytotoxicity than cells that contained the wild-type p53 (MCF-7, MCF-10, 184B5, and normal mammary epithelial cells). All cells exhibited WAF1/Cip1 mRNA and protein induction following AdWTp53 infection. AdWTp53-induced cytotoxicity of human tumor cell lines expressing mutant p53 was mediated by apoptosis as revealed by nucleosomal DNA fragmentation analysis. No detectable nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was observed following AdWTp53 infection of human cells expressing wild-type p53. These data suggest that endogenous p53 status is a determinant of AdWTp53-mediated cell killing of human tumor cells.
Gausemycins A,B – Cyclic Lipoglycopeptides from Streptomyces Sp. (2021)

We report a novel family of natural lipoglycopeptides produced by Streptomyces sp. INA-Ac-5812. Two major components of the mixture, named gausemycins A and B, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated. The com-pounds are cyclic peptides with a unique peptide core and several remarkable structural features, including unusual posi-tions of D-amino acids, lack of the Ca2+-binding Asp-X-Asp-Gly (DXDG) motif, tyrosine glycosylation with arabinose, presence of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (Ahpb) and chlorinated kynurenine (ClKyn), N-acylation of the or-nithine side chain. These major components of the peptide antibiotic family have pronounced activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism of action of gausemycins was explored by a number of methods, showing significant differences compared to glycopeptides and related lipopeptides. Gausemycins exhibit only slight Ca2+-dependence of an-timicrobial activity and induce no pore formation at low concentrations. Moreover, there is no detectable accumulation of cell wall biosynthesis precursors under treatment with gausemycins.
The Reaction of Styrene Oxide with Phenol (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Styrene Oxide with PhenolCyrus O. GussCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3460–3462Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01178a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical skills temporal degradation assessment in undergraduate medical education. (2018)

In the instruction of medical students, skill degradation should be considered when teaching complex technical skills. Based on the statistically significant decline in procedural skills noted in our investigation, instructors should consider administering a refresher course between six and twelve weeks from initial training.
A high-throughput screening assay for silencing established HIV-1 macrophage infection identifies nucleoside analogs that perturb H3K9me3 on proviral genomes (2023)

HIV-infected macrophages are long-lived cells that represent a barrier to functional cure. Additionally, low-level viral expression by central nervous system (CNS) macrophages contributes to neurocognitive deficits that develop despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We recently identified H3K9me3 as an atypical epigenetic mark associated with chronic HIV infection in macrophages. Thus, strategies are needed to suppress HIV-1 expression in macrophages, but the unique myeloid environment and the responsible macrophage/CNS-tropic strains require cell/strain-specific approaches. Here, we generated an HIV-1 reporter virus from a CNS-derived strain with intact auxiliary genes expressing destabilized luciferase. We employed this reporter virus in polyclonal infection of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) for a high-throughput screen (HTS) to identify compounds that suppress virus expression from established macrophage infection. Screening ~6,000 known drugs and compounds yielded 214 hits. A secondary screen with 10-dose titration identified 24 meeting criteria for HIV-selective activity. Using three replication-competent CNS-derived macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates and viral gene expression readout in MDM, we confirmed the effect of three purine analogs, nelarabine, fludarabine, and entecavir, showing the suppression of HIV-1 expression from established macrophage infection. Nelarabine inhibited the formation of H3K9me3 on HIV genomes in macrophages. Thus, this novel HTS assay can identify suppressors of HIV-1 transcription in established macrophage infection, such as nucleoside analogs and HDAC inhibitors, which may be linked to H3K9me3 modification. This screen may be useful to identify new metabolic and epigenetic agents that ameliorate HIV-driven neuroinflammation in people on ART or prevent viral recrudescence from macrophage reservoirs in strategies to achieve ART-free remission. IMPORTANCE Macrophages infected by HIV-1 are a long-lived reservoir and a barrier in current efforts to achieve HIV cure and also contribute to neurocognitive complications in people despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Silencing HIV expression in these cells would be of great value, but the regulation of HIV-1 in macrophages differs from T cells. We developed a novel high-throughput screen for compounds that can silence established infection of primary macrophages, and identified agents that downregulate virus expression and alter provirus epigenetic profiles. The significance of this assay is the potential to identify new drugs that act in the unique macrophage environment on relevant viral strains, which may contribute to adjunctive treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and/or prevent viral rebound in efforts to achieve ART-free remission or cure.
SYNODE: Understanding and Automatically Preventing Injection Attacks on NODE.JS (2018)

The Node.js ecosystem has lead to the creation of many modern applications, such as serverside web applications and desktop applications. Unlike client-side JavaScript code, Node.js applications can interact freely with the operating system without the benefits of a security sandbox. As a result, command injection attacks can cause significant harm, which is compounded by the fact that independently developed Node.js modules interact in uncontrolled ways. This paper presents a large-scale study across 235,850 Node.js modules to explore injection vulnerabilities. We show that injection vulnerabilities are prevalent in practice, both due to eval, which was previously studied for browser code, and due to the powerful exec API introduced in Node.js. Our study suggests that thousands of modules may be vulnerable to command injection attacks and that fixing them takes a long time, even for popular projects. Motivated by these findings, we present Synode, an automatic mitigation technique that combines static analysis and runtime enforcement of security policies to use vulnerable modules in a safe way. The key idea is to statically compute a template of values passed to APIs that are prone to injections, and to synthesize a grammar-based runtime policy from these templates. Our mechanism is easy to deploy: it does not require any modification of the Node.js platform, it is fast (sub-millisecond runtime overhead), and it protects against attacks of vulnerable modules, while inducing very few false positives (less than 10%).
Effects of user fatigue mental state on the facial-expression paradigm of BCI (2019)

Aiming at the problem that mental state of subjects seriously affect the performance of brain-controlled prosthesis based on the facial-expression paradigm, the effect of fatigue mental state on the performance of brain-controlled prosthesis were studied in the paper. At first, the fatigue mental state monitor was designed, and the accuracy was 91.84%±0.98. Then, it is found that the Fatigue Value Average (FVA) and the Fatigue Value Variance (FVV) are two main indexes that affect the classification accuracy. The FVA has an optimal region for the highest classification accuracy. The FVV and classification accuracy have strong negative correlation (average correlation coefficient is -0.84±0.19). It is found that the fatigue mental state of the subject reduces the classification accuracy by changing the distribution characteristics of the feature data, and thus reduces the performance of the brain-controlled prosthesis based on facial-expressions paradigm.
Single phase induction motor drives-a literature survey (2002)

This paper deals with a literature survey of various existing power converter topologies, which have been proposed for adjustable-speed single-phase induction motor drives (SPIMD). Included in the paper are several newly proposed power converter topologies. A study of the merit and demerit of different power converter topologies have been carried out. Various converter topologies have been compared in this paper. Among these converter topologies, the adjustable frequency PWM inverter is the best choice for single-phase induction motor drives. However, adjustable-frequency drives have not been widely used with single-phase induction motors. The open-loop constant V/f control law cannot be used with the single-phase induction motor drives as it is used with three phase motors. The variation of the operating frequency at lower speed range with constant load torque causes variation in the motor's slip. A constant V/f control is suitable only over the upper speed range. However, improvements in the low frequency performance require the use of constant power dissipation in the motor. Simulation studies for some of the existing topologies as well as for the proposed ones have been carried out.
The Effect Particle Size Distribution of Granular LCM on Fracture Sealing Capability (2020)

Abstract Lost-Circulation Materials (LCMs) are used to control and mitigate fluid loss problems by fracture sealing. Without a proper lost-circulation technique, an increase in non-productive time (NPT) and well control problems may occur. A good design in the LCMs to seal fractures and to successfully prevent the occurrence of a serious lost-circulation event can alleviate a heavy drilling budget. Various LCMs exist in the market, of which can be broadly categorized as fibrous, flaky, or granular. Granular LCMs are effective in sealing fractures and are of low cost. A successful bridging and sealing from the LCMs depend on their mechanical strengths, shapes, sizes, and particularly, the particle size distribution (PSD). In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM) are coupled to simulate the sealing capabilities of granular LCMs on different PSDs. A single smoothed fracture is created for the study of such phenomenon. The dynamic process of fracture sealing involves the initiation of bridging from large particles and the effective particle packing to form a seal, thereby reducing the fluid loss. It is found that the LCMs with bimodally distributed sizes can achieve effective fracture sealing. The coarse LCMs should be close to the average fracture size, where accurate measurement is required. The median of the fine to coarse LCM sizes should not exceed 0.67 for fracture sealing to occur. The LCM blend consists of coarse and fine LCMs, where the fine to coarse LCMs by volume is around one third.
Complexes of the Antibiotic Drug Oxolinic Acid with the Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) Ions: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological Activity (2023)

The chemical reaction between the quinolone antibiotic oxolinic acid (OA) and Fe(III), Zn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) ions results in the formation of metal-based complexes with the following formulas: [Fe(OA)(H2O)2Cl2]2H2O, [Zn(OA)(H2O)Cl]2H2O, [Ca(OA)(H2O)Cl], and [Mg(OA)(H2O)Cl]. We used analytical (C, N, H, Cl, metal analysis) and spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-visible) data to structurally characterize the synthesized metal-based complexes of the OA molecule. We found that the OA molecule utilizes the two oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group and the pyridone C=O group to bind the investigated metal ions. The morphological properties of the synthesized OA complexes were assessed using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological properties, specifically antibacterial and antifungal activity, of the synthesized complexes were evaluated in vitro using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion protocol with five bacterial and three fungal strains. The complex containing Ca(II) ions exhibited remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested microbial strains, surpassing or equaling the potency of the standard drugs (streptomycin for antibacterial assays and ketoconazole for antifungal assays).
Infection and Inflammation of the Genitourinary Tract (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY1 Jan 2004Infection and Inflammation of the Genitourinary Tract Anthony J. SchaefferM.D. Anthony J. SchaefferAnthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000101929.54962.52AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 1January 2004Page: 532-537 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
A Novel Allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDC1 Reveals a Potential Role for the Spindle Pole Body Component Ndc1p in Nuclear Pore Assembly (2004)

Both the spindle pole body (SPB) and the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are essential organelles embedded in the nuclear envelope throughout the life cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanism by which these two multisubunit structures are inserted into the nuclear envelope during their biogenesis is not well understood. We have previously shown that Ndc1p is the only known integral membrane protein that localizes to both the SPBs and the NPCs and is required for SPB duplication. For this study, we generated a novel temperature-sensitive (ts) allele of NDC1 to investigate the role of Ndc1p at the NPCs. Yeast cells carrying this allele (ndc1-39) failed to insert the SPB into the nuclear envelope at the restrictive temperature. Importantly, the double mutation of ndc1-39 and NPC assembly mutant nic96-1 resulted in cells with enhanced growth defects. While nuclear protein import and NPC distribution in the nuclear envelope were unaffected, ndc1-39 mutants failed to properly incorporate the nucleoporin Nup49p into NPCs. These results provide evidence that Ndc1p is required for NPC assembly in addition to its role in SPB duplication. We postulate that Ndc1p is crucial for the biogenesis of both the SPBs and the NPCs at the step of insertion into the nuclear envelope.
BiCMOS logic circuit for single-battery operation (1998)

A novel BiCMOS logic circuit is described that provides high-speed rail-to-rail operation with only one battery cell (1–1.5 V). The proposed circuit utilises a novel pull-down scheme that involves bootstrapping the base of the pull-down pnp bipolar junction transistor to a negative potential during the pull-down transient period. Circuit simulations have shown that the proposed circuit outperforms the transient-saturation full-swing BiCMOS and the bootstrapped bipolar CMOS circuits in terms of delay, power and cross-over capacitance for all simulated supply voltages.
STRENGTH‐TIME RELATIONSHIPS OF AGAR AND ALGINATE GELS 1 (1990)

The compressive strength of 2% agar and alginate gels was monitored periodically during the first 50–80 h after preparation. The strength increased rapidly in the first 6 h in the former and about 15 h in the latter, and then tended to stabilize, asymptotically. An empirical, two parameter mathematical model was used to estimate the asymptotic value on the basis of data obtained during the first 8 or 20 h, respectively. The common procedure of testing these gels after 24 h is satisfactory, since changes after this time are relatively small. A similar two parameter model was also applied to the weight loss of the alginate gels and it enabled prediction of the gel's final weight with reasonable accuracy. Since both models can be presented in a linear form, testing their applicability and calculation of their constants can be done by linear regression.
COLLAGEN INJECTION FOR TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN CHILDREN (2001)

The previously reported high success rate of collagen injection is not supported by this study. With long-term followup collagen injection is rarely effective for treating urinary incontinence in children with neurogenic sphincter deficiency.
Thermal–Electric Nanogenerator Based on the Electrokinetic Effect in Porous Carbon Film (2018)

Abstract Converting low‐grade thermal energy with small temperature gradient into electricity is challenging due to the low efficiency and high cost. Here, a new type of thermal–electric nanogenerator is reported that utilizes electrokinetic effect for effective harvesting thermal energy. The nanogenerator is based on an evaporation‐driven water flow in porous medium with small temperature gradient. With a piece of porous carbon film and deionized water, a maximum open‐circuit voltage of 0.89 V under a temperature difference of 4.2 °C is obtained, having a corresponding pseudo‐Seebeck coefficient of 210 mV K −1 . The large pseudo‐Seebeck coefficient endows the nanogenerator sufficient power output for powering existing electronics directly. Furthermore, a wearable bracelet nanogenerator utilizing body heat is also demonstrated. The unique properties of such conversion process offer great potential for ultra‐low temperature‐gradient thermal energy recovery, wearable electronics, and self‐powered sensor systems.
Involvement of CD4+,CD57+ T cells in the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (2002)

Evidence showing that the frequency of CD4+,CD57+ T cells among CD3+ cells of RA patients had a significant correlation not only with ESR but also with the physical status of the patients, and that a large proportion of the CD4+,CD57+ T cells had the capacity to produce IFNgamma, strongly suggests that these CD4+,CD57+ T cells are involved in the immunopathogenesis of RA.