gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomedical optical tomography using dynamic parameterization and Bayesian conditioning on photon migration measurements (1999)

Stochastic reconstruction techniques are developed for mapping the interior optical properties of tissues from exterior frequency-domain photon migration measurements at the air-tissue interface. Parameter fields of absorption cross section, fluorescence lifetime, and quantum efficiency are accurately reconstructed from simulated noisy measurements of phase shift and amplitude modulation by use of a recursive, Bayesian, minimum-variance estimator known as the approximate extended Kalman filter. Parameter field updates are followed by data-driven zonation to improve the accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency of the method by moving the system from an underdetermined toward an overdetermined set of equations. These methods were originally developed by Eppstein and Dougherty [Water Resources Res. 32, 3321 (1996)] for applications in geohydrology. Estimates are constrained to within feasible ranges by modeling of parameters as beta-distributed random variables. No arbitrary smoothing, regularization, or interpolation is required. Results are compared with those determined by use of Newton-Raphson-based inversions. The speed and accuracy of these preliminary Bayesian reconstructions suggest the near-future application of this inversion technology to three-dimensional biomedical imaging with frequency-domain photon migration.
[Rhabdomyosarcoma]. (2007)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood. In Europe and the United States, survival rates of RMS patients, especially those with local or regional RMS, have dramatically improved from around 25% in 1970 to over 70% in 2001 as a result of the introduction of multimodality therapy and cooperative group trials. RMS patients require multimodal therapy including appropriate surgery at the primary site, histological diagnosis supported by molecular genetics, and a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy based on their risk group. In Japan, no nationwide studies on RMS have been performed so far. An analysis of registration data from the Japanese Society for Pediatric Surgery as well as our recent retrospective study indicates that the survival rates of each risk group are all lower than those in the US or Europe, even in the "low-risk" group. We have recently established the Japan Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (JRSG) and continued several studies in each risk group to improve the outcome and to establish a standard therapy in Japan.
Outer membrane vesicles catabolize lignin-derived aromatic compounds in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (2020)

Lignin is an abundant and recalcitrant component of plant cell walls. While lignin degradation in nature is typically attributed to fungi, growing evidence suggests that bacteria also catabolize this complex biopolymer. However, the spatiotemporal mechanisms for lignin catabolism remain unclear. Improved understanding of this biological process would aid in our collective knowledge of both carbon cycling and microbial strategies to valorize lignin to value-added compounds. Here, we examine lignin modifications and the exoproteome of three aromatic-catabolic bacteria: <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> KT2440, <i>Rhodoccocus jostii</i> RHA1, and <i>Amycolatopsis</i> sp. ATCC 39116. <i>P. putida</i> cultivation in lignin-rich media is characterized by an abundant exoproteome that is dynamically and selectively packaged into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Interestingly, many enzymes known to exhibit activity toward lignin-derived aromatic compounds are enriched in OMVs from early to late stationary phase, corresponding to the shift from bioavailable carbon to oligomeric lignin as a carbon source. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that enzymes contained in the OMVs are active and catabolize aromatic compounds. Taken together, this work supports OMV-mediated catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds as an extracellular strategy for nutrient acquisition by soil bacteria and suggests that OMVs could potentially be useful tools for synthetic biology and biotechnological applications.
Photoinduced Ag migration in Ag–As–S glasses (1995)

The Ag content in Ag–As–S glasses can be spatially modified by illumination of visible light. Optical and thermal studies demonstrate that the Ag-content modification is caused by Ag+ ionic migration from the dark to the illuminated region in a sample. The migration can be reversed by changing the illuminated region. The magnitude of the Ag-content modification is maximal (∼7 at. %) at a composition of Ag25As25S50. The migration mechanism can be accounted for by assuming diffusion of photoexcited holes, and the composition dependence can be understood on the basis of the Owens’ thermodynamic model.
Immunolocalization of collagen and collagen-binding heat shock protein 47 in fibrotic lung diseases. (1998)

Pulmonary fibrosis resulting from increased accumulation of various extracellular matrices is a prominent feature in chronic progressive lung diseases. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-binding stress protein known to have a specific role in the intracellular processing of procollagen molecules as a collagen-specific molecular chaperone in various organs. Possible involvement, however, of HSP47 in relation to increased deposition of collagens in fibrotic lung diseases is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the expression of HSP47 in various pulmonary fibrotic diseases. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections from 17 autopsies of patients with various pulmonary fibrotic diseases, e.g., organizing pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and diffuse alveolar damage, were stained with monoclonal antibodies for alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, CD68, Type III collagen, and HSP47. The extent of staining was graded semiquantitatively. Five control lung sections were also simultaneously studied. The fibrotic lung sections, in comparison with the control sections, had more interstitial cells positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibroblasts positive for vimentin; we also saw increased infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages. For HSP47, in comparison with the control lung sections, markedly increased immunostaining was always noted in the fibrotic lung sections in association with increased accumulation of Type III collagen in the fibrotic masses. By double immunostaining, colocalization of collagens and HSP47 was noted in the regions of pulmonary fibrosis, and HSP47-expressing cells were found to be mainly alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive interstitial cells. From the above observations, we concluded that overexpression of HSP47 might play an important role in the excessive assembly/synthesis of collagens and could thereby contribute to the fibrosis found in pulmonary fibrotic lung diseases.
Localized States in the Gap of Amorphous Semiconductors (1976)

It is pointed out that the recent observation of localized holes and electrons at low temperatures after optical excitation of chalcogenide glasses by Bishop et al. is consistent with a model previously proposed for lone-pair amorphous semiconductors. The model uses the existence of these localized states to provide an explanation of how the conducting states are reached in threshold and memory switching.
Hybrid FSS and Rectenna Design for Wireless Power Harvesting (2016)

This communication presents a hybrid frequency selective surface (FSS) and rectenna design for wireless power harvesting. To this extent, the center of the original FSS structure acts as a probe-fed patch antenna and an additional layer was added to the rear of FSS structure to mimic the required antenna ground plane, while minimizing its impact on FSS performance. The proposed hybrid solution yields a bandpass frequency response at GSM 900-MHz frequency band, with band reject behavior at 2.4 GHz and, on the other hand, act as a energy harvesting system through the antenna element at the 2.4-GHz ISM band, e.g., for recycling ambient Wi-Fi energy. The developed prototype, consisting of an array of 12 unit cells, was able to power a 56-mW LED at a 2-Hz rate from an incident power level of -10 dBm, resulting in an average output power of 300 μW and an unit cell RF-DC conversion efficiency of 50%.
<title>Parameters influencing the behavior of a new friction damper device</title> (2000)

This work presents a study on the parameters that govern the performance of a new Friction Damper Device (FDD) The device was designed to dissipate seismic input energy and protect buildings from structural and nonstructural damage during moderate and severe earthquakes. The device consists of 3 steel plates that rotate against each other in different directions, and in between these plates, friction pad material discs are inserted. The damper is attached to structures by using inverted Chevron bracing system and in this work pre- stress bars were used as bracing members. The clamping force in the pretensioned bolt controls the frictional moment at the onset of sliding. The device has been tested intensively in order to verify its performance. The experimental program included two phases: (1) Testing the damper alone with Instron machine, examining three different friction-pad materials. (2) Testing a scaled steel frame model with inserted damper device. In both phases the following parameters were tested: forcing frequencies, normal forces, displacement amplitudes, pre-stressing forces and degradation under long-term cyclic excitation. The tests proved that the damper performance is: (1) Independent of forcing frequency within the range of 2 - 7 Hz; (2) Linearly dependent on displacement amplitudes; (3) Linearly dependent on normal forces; (4) Very stable over many cycles. The new device is characterized by the use of special friction pad material, which has been tested for up to 400 and 500 cycles without showing degradation of friction forces more than 5%. Besides, the steel plates were not damaged or scratched so that they can be used for many times. The comparison of results obtained from the experimental and numerical models showed a good agreement. The parameters influencing the frame with FDD were identified in advance by studying the frame's response to static and dynamic loading. The numerical studies demonstrated that the overall frame response was mainly affected by the geometry of the damper, frictional sliding moment and stiffness of the added brace. The device is very easy to manufacture and implement in structures. It is a very economic device due to material availability. It can be easily replaced if it is damaged, which is extremely unlikely, or can be readjusted after use.
Sounds for Enhancing Energy Efficient Driving: A Simulator Pre-Study (2019)

Computer game technology was used for rapid prototyping of a sound based interface encouraging truck drivers to drive energy efficiently. The design process was inspired by user-centred agile metho ...
Immobilization of Escherichia coli Cells Containing Aspartase Activity with Polyurethane and Its Application for l -Aspartic Acid Production (1981)

Whole cells of Escherichia coli containing aspartase activity were immobilized by mixing a cell suspension with a liquid isocyanate-capped polyurethane prepolymer (Hypol). The immobilized cell preparation was used to convert ammonium fumarate to l-aspartic acid. Properties of the immobilized E. coli cells containing aspartase were investigated with a batch reactor. A 1.67-fold increase in the l-aspartic acid production rate was observed at 37 degrees C as compared to 25 degrees C operating temperature. The pH optimum was broad, ranging from 8.5 to 9.2. Increasing the concentration of ammonium fumarate to 1.5 M from 1.0 M negatively affected the reaction rate. l-Aspartic acid was produced at an average rate of 2.18 x 10 mol/min per g (wet weight) of immobilized E. coli cells with a 37 degrees C substrate solution consisting of 1.0 M ammonium fumarate with 1 mM Mg (pH 9.0).
Eutectic Zn-Al Die Attachment for Higher Tj SiC Power Applications: Fabrication Method and Die Shear Strength Reliability (2013)

This paper comprehensively describes the fabrication method and shear strength reliability of a eutectic Zn-Al (m.p. = 382°C) attachment system, built by soldering SiC dice (2 × 2 mm2) onto Cu foil active-metal-brazed with a SiN ceramic plate. Four essential soldering conditions are presented and discussed for the formation of a strong and reproducible attachment. Die shear strength reliability data at Tj = 250°C are reported here for the first time. Storage tests at 250°C revealed that, after an initial slight decline, the die shear strength stayed virtually constant at a sufficient level (∼110 MPa) for at least 3,000 h. Thermal cycle test results indicated that the attachments can withstand thermal cycle stress for 3,000 cycles between −40°C and 250°C. The average die shear strength after 3,000 cycles was 18.5 MPa, a value that is three times higher than the IEC standard of 6.2 MPa specified in Document 60749-19.
Ultrasonic four-wave mixing mediated by an aqueous suspension of microspheres: Theoretical steady-state properties (1995)

A novel mechanism is analyzed for the interaction of sound with sound that relies on the slow response of the acoustic medium to the radiation pressure of a pump wave. The coupling mechanism is analogous to optical four-wave mixing in photorefractive materials. Counter propagating ultrasonic pump waves establish a standing wave in a dilute suspension of microspheres. In response, the spheres are attracted to pressure nodes and form spatially periodic bands. The Bragg reflection of a higher frequency probe wave from the concentrated layers of microspheres generates a fourth wave. Its amplitude is calculated by two methods that are found to give mutually consistent results for the dependence of the reflectivity on the pump wave amplitude. Both methods use a Born approximation that neglects the depletion of the probe wave propagating through the layered region. One of the calculations uses a symmetric Epstein layer to approximate the local refractive index variations. The other method is based on a Fourier decomposition of the spatial acoustic refractive index variations for layers of particles given by a Boltzmann distribution in a periodic energy well. The Bragg reflectivity is found to saturate with increasing pump pressure when the energy well becomes deep in comparison to the thermal energy kBT.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Combinations: Will the Preclinical Promises Be Kept? (2007)

From the Molecular Therapeutics Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Reprints: Susan E. Bates, MD, Head, Molecular Therapeutics Section, Medical Oncology Branch, Building 10, Room 12N226, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892.E-mail: [email protected]
Direct link between1/fnoise and defects in metal films (1985)

We have found that gently annealing a AuPd film has a substantial effect on its 1/f noise. From the temperature dependence of the noise after various amounts of annealing, one can infer changes in the distribution of activation energies of the process responsible for the noise. These changes are consistent with general expectations concerning the effect of annealing on lattice defects. Our results strongly support the idea that at least some of the 1/f noise of metal films is associated with defect motion.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1‐Boc‐3‐ and 4‐hydroxypyrrolidines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lidocaine Permeability in Silicone Tissue Expanders (1989)

Berman, David E. M.D.; Lettieri, John M.D.; Herold, David M.D., Ph.D.; Edlich, Richard F. M.D., Ph.D.; Morgan, Raymond F. M.D. Author Information
The kinetic analysis of fructan biosynthesis in excised leaves of Lolium temulentum L. (1993)

SUMMARY Excised leaves of Lolium temulentum L. were fed 1 CO. at 99% isotopic abundance in order to study the kinetics of incorporation of photosynthetically fixed carbon into different fructans and to determine the pathways of synthesis between sucrose and high‐molecular‐weight fructan. Following 6 h exposure to CO 2 of detached and illuminated leaves, analysis of the accumulation of I‐keatose, 6–kestose and neokestose, and of the pattern of labelling observed in these isomers, suggested that they were each formed directly from sucrose at different rates. Similarly, the data suggested thai the tetrasaccharide isomers were formed directly from their trisaccharide precursors. Changes in the concentration of 13 C both in the total water‐soluble component of the leaves and the fructan pool after 20h exposure to 13Co2 suggested that there was a continual turnover of frunctosyl residues. The formation of trisaccharides From sucrose and subsequent frunctosyl transfer to oligo‐ and polysaccharides of progressively higher molecular weight was consistent with a direct precursor product relationship. The stable concenttation of sucrose observed in leaves between 14 h and 48 h after excision indicated that fructan metabolism in L. temulentum may serve to regulate the sucrose content of the tissue.
A planar method for patterning of high-temperature superconducting films and multilayers (1994)

We present a novel technique for patterning high-temperature superconducting (HTS) film and multilayer device structures. In the process an impurity ion (e.g., Si) is implanted into HTS films through a photoresist mask. The impurity ions convert the irradiated portion of the film into an insulating form by chemical reaction between the ions and the oxygen in the film, without altering the overall crystalline structure of the film. Removal of the photoresist results in a flat surface, which allows the epitaxial growth and implantation patterning of subsequent films so that a complete multilayer device structure can be fabricated. We show in detail the patterning process, as well as the properties of patterned and regrown films. Some simple device structures, such as a vertical contact and a crossover, are demonstrated.
ANTHROPOGENIC HYDROLOGY: FORMATION, METHODS, RESULTS (2017)

The formation of anthropogenic hydrology studying various aspects of the impact of human activities on water resources and water environment are considered. Some results of the authors’ calculations of this effect on river runoff on a local (the Moscow River basin), regional (the Volga and Don river basins), national and global levels are presented. A great contribution of Russian researchers to the development of anthropogenic hydrology is showed. Special attention is paid to geographical and hydrological school of M.I. L’vovich. The composition of anthropogenic impacts on water resources involves as traditional direct impacts (hydraulic construction, water intake for various economic needs) and indirect, carried out in the catchments through soil, vegetation, landscape (measures of rain-fed agriculture, forestry, urbanization of landscapes). The amounts of modern industrial impact on water resources in concerned territorial levels are calculated. It is shown that the impact of aggregate anthropogenic factors in the considered examples is comparable with the influence of climatic factors and often surpasses it. Moreover, at present, various indirect anthropogenic factors affect river runoff ambiguously and are mostly mutually compensated.
Interactions between Estrogens, Androgens, Progestins, and Glucocorticoids in ZR‐75‐1 Human Breast Cancer Cells (1990)

The human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 possesses androgen, estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors, thus offering a good model to study the specific role of each class of steroids in the control of breast cancer growth. Although the stimulatory action of classical estrogens (E2 and estrone) is well known, we have found a potent mitogenic effect of the adrenal estrogen androst-5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (delta 5-diol) at concentrations within the range of those found in the serum of adult women, thus suggesting that delta 5-diol might be the most important estrogen in women. Androgens, on the other hand, exert a potent inhibitory effect on basal ZR-75-1 cell growth and completely reverse the stimulatory effect of estrogens on the same parameter. The antiproliferative effect of androgens was completely prevented by the antiandrogen OH-FLU, thus suggesting an action mediated by the androgen receptor. Part of the effect of androgens can be explained by the marked inhibition of estrogen receptor binding and mRNA levels by androgens. The antiproliferative effect of androgens is additive to that exerted by antiestrogens. Progestins, on the other hand, exert a specific antiproliferative effect in the presence of estrogens, the effect of progestins being antagonized by the stimulatory action of insulin on cell growth. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a compound frequently used in the treatment of breast cancer in women, exerts its main inhibitory action through an androgen receptor-mediated action, whereas its glucocorticoid-like activity could play an additional role at high concentrations. All four classes of steroids are present, to various extents, as lipophilic esters of long-chain fatty acids. It is of interest to mention that all steroids that inhibit ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell growth (androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids) stimulate the secretion and mRNA levels of gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), whereas estrogens have the opposite effects, thus suggesting that GCDFP-15 could well be a good marker for monitoring the response to androgens, progestins, and antiestrogens during the course of breast cancer therapy.
A new class of B/W and color halftoning algorithms (1991)

A new class of dithering algorithms for black and white (B/W) and color images is presented. The basic idea behind the technique is to divide the image into small blocks and minimize the distortion between the original continuous tone image and its low-pass filtered halftone. This corresponds to a quadratic programming problem with linear constraints which is solved via the branch and bound algorithm. Examples of B/W and color dither images using the technique are shown and compared to halftones obtained via existing dithering algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A study of color features for reading a resistor (2010)

The resistance of a resistor is defined by colored lines printed on the resistor's body. Normally, people read it by sight Though, if a computer performs this instead, we can reduce the costs. We have proposed a method for reading the resistor by image processing techniques. However, color features for reading a resistor is little studied. In this paper, we examine 10 color features (RGB, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, HSI, HSV, HLS, L∗ u∗ v∗, L∗ a∗ b∗, and I1I2I3) in order to read the resistor's colors. The experimental results show the special effectiveness of the L∗ u∗ v∗ color feature.