gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metyrapone and fluoxetine suppress enduring behavioral but not cardiac effects of subchronic stress in rats (2011)

In humans, chronic stressors have long been recognized as potential causes for cardiac dysregulation. Despite this, the underlying mechanistic links responsible for this association are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to a paradigm of subchronic stress can provoke enduring changes on the heart rate of experimental rats and, if so, to reveal the autonomic and neural mechanisms that mediate these effects. The study was conducted on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats instrumented for telemetric recording of heart rate and locomotor activity. Animals were submitted to a subchronic stress protocol, consisting of a 1-h foot shock session on five consecutive days. Heart rate and locomotor activity were recorded continuously for 3 days before and for 6 days after the subchronic stress period. Subchronic foot shock produced significant and enduring reduction in heart rate both during the dark/active [Δ= -23 ± 3 beats per minute (bpm)] and light/inactive (Δ= -20 ± 3 bpm) phases of the circadian cycle, and a reduction in locomotor activity during the dark/active phase [Δ= -54 ± 6 counts per hour (cph)]. The bradycardic effect of subchronic stress was not related to a reduced locomotion. Selective sympathetic (atenolol) and vagal (methyl-scopolamine) blockades were performed to reveal which autonomic component was responsible for this effect. We found that the fall in heart rate persisted after subchronic stress in animals treated with atenolol (active phase Δ= -16 ± 3 bpm, inactive phase Δ= -19 ± 2 bpm), whereas vagal blockade with scopolamine transiently prevented this effect, suggesting that the bradycardia following subchronic stress was predominantly vagally mediated. Fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and metyrapone (inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis) treatments did not affect heart rate changes but prevented the reduction in locomotion. We conclude that subchronic stress exposure in rats reduces heart rate via a rebound in vagal activation and that this effect is serotonin- and corticosterone-independent.
Dynamic restrictions on the de-excitation of hot nuclei (1995)

Recent observations of particle emission in coincidence with heavy residues and with the fragments of binary decay processes provide information on both the statistical and the dynamical aspects of the decay of highly excited ‘‘Hot’’ nuclei. Evidence has been obtained for significant decreases in the nuclear level density with increasing excitation energy, for limiting temperatures which may signal a cluster phase in nuclear matter and for mass asymmetry dependent dynamic delays which invalidate simple statistical decay assumptions at intermediate excitation energies. A brief review of some such experiments is presented.
Arachidonic acid, but not its metabolites, is essential for FcγR‐stimulated intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes (1999)

Since arachidonic acid (AA) production by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is essential for the Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR)-mediated respiratory burst and phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes by monocytes and macrophages, we focused in this study on the role of AA and its metabolites in the FcgammaR-stimulated intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes. The results revealed that the PLA2 inhibitors, but not inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, markedly suppressed the FcgammaR-mediated killing process. The production of O-2 by monocytes upon FcgammaR cross-linking was inhibited by 4-bromophenacyl bromide in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that inhibition of PLA2 activity impairs the oxygen-dependent bactericidal mechanisms of monocytes, which could be partially restored by addition of exogenous AA and docosahexaenoic acid, but not myristic acid. These polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not myristic acid, stimulated the intracellular killing of S. aureus by monocytes, although not as effectively as FcgammaR cross-linking. Furthermore, FcgammaR cross-linking stimulated the release of AA from monocytes. Studies with selective inhibitors revealed that the FcgammaR-mediated activation of PLA2 is dependent on Ca2+ and tyrosine kinase activity. Together these results indicate a key role for PLA2/AA, but not its major metabolites, in mediating the FcgammaR-stimulated intracellular killing of S. aureus by monocytes.
Update on safety of diagnostic ultrasonography (1991)

Safety considerations for diagnostic ultrasonography have gradually changed as new instruments, not only more powerful in performance but also in ultrasonic exposure, have come into use. Nonthermal cavitational bioeffects of ultrasound have a problematic role in risk assessment for clinical applications, but should serve as cautionary reminders that there potentially could be low-level risks. Recent analyses have indicated possible areas of concern related to the thermal mechanism of bioeffects, particularly if trends for higher intensities continue into the future. The most critical area of concern is in fetal examinations, for which developing bone is unavoidably heated by relatively powerful pulsed-Doppler beams. Fortunately, because of the threshold nature of thermal damage, development of flexible, use-driven upper limits on output should completely resolve this impending safety problem. The ultrasonics community is now responding to these evolving safety issues with improved instrument characterization standards, new bioeffects research, and initiatives in continuing education for sonographers.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subverts Innate Immunity to Evade Specific Effectors (2006)

Abstract The macrophage is the niche of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Induction of macrophage apoptosis by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells is accompanied by reduced bacterial counts, potentially defining a host defense mechanism. We have already established that M. tuberculosis-infected primary human macrophages have a reduced susceptibility to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis. To study the mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis prevents apoptotic signaling, we have generated a cell culture system based on PMA- and IFN-γ-differentiated THP-1 cells recapitulating the properties of primary macrophages. In these cells, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 or TLR2 agonists and mycobacterial infection protected macrophages from apoptosis and resulted in NF-κB nuclear translocation associated with up-regulation of the antiapoptotic cellular FLIP. Transduction of a receptor-interacting protein-2 dominant-negative construct showed that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 is not involved in protection in the mycobacterial infection system. In contrast, both a dominant-negative construct of the MyD88 adaptor and an NF-κB inhibitor abrogated the protection against FasL-mediated apoptosis, showing the implication of TLR2-mediated activation of NF-κB in apoptosis protection in infected macrophages. The apoptosis resistance of infected macrophages might be considered as an immune escape mechanism, whereby M. tuberculosis subverts innate immunity signaling to protect its host cell against FasL+-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes.
S-Inosyl-l-Homocysteine Hydrolase, a Novel Enzyme Involved inS-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Recycling (2015)

In strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaea, such as Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, canonical metabolic pathways are often not present, and instead, unique pathways that are deeply rooted on the phylogenetic tree are utilized by the organisms. Here, we discuss the recycling pathway for S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, produced from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methylation reactions, which uses a hydrolase specific for S-inosyl-L-homocysteine, an uncommon metabolite. Identification of the pathways and the enzymes involved in the unique pathways in the methanogens will provide insight into the biochemical reactions that were occurring when life originated.
Unified Effective Medium Theory for Cracked Porous Rocks - Theory and Case Study (2017)

Summary We showed that most of the Effective Medium Theories (T-matrix, Mori-Tanaka, General Singular Approximation, and Effective Field Methods) can be unified into one group on the basis of the so-called Effective Field Hypothesis. Consequently, many different methods give the same results for the same model. Therefore, the model of the rock and choice of model parameters are much more important than the selected EMT method. To demonstrate this statement, two different models of sandstone’s elastic properties were independently created. The models have different parameters. However, a common feature of these independent models is a necessity to include the parameters incorporating 1) the effect of intergranular contacts and organic matter, and 2) connectivity of the components. The two models provide similar results (the difference in velocities is less than 10%) within porosity range 0 – 5%.
Salmonella enteritidis PT4 infection in specific pathogen free hens: influence of infecting dose (1991)

The period during which specific pathogen free hens, infected by direct introduction into the crop of either 10(3), 10(6) or 10(8) cells of Salmonella enteritidis PT4, excreted the organism in faeces was closely related to the size of the inoculum, with the birds excreting for mean periods of 3.4, 16.4 and 36.8 days, respectively. The production of either IgG or IgM was also dose related with the birds which received 10(3) cells having lower antibody levels than those in the other two groups. In contrast, there was no relationship between the contamination of egg contents and either antibody status, faecal excretion, or the dose administered.
On the effectiveness of 2D electrical inversion results: an agricultural case study (2001)

Electrical resistivity tomography was used in Beauce (France) to assess the water extraction by corn plants (evapotranspiration). The acquired pseudosections show conductive anomalies under the plants. A 2D inversion of measurements led us to identify clear resistive features associated with the water losses under the corn‐plant rows. New models have been calculated with two different 3D algorithms (finite‐difference and moment‐method) to take into account 3D structure of the ground and to confirm that periodic resistive features may generate shifted apparent‐resistivity anomalies.
A Nsvel Implementation of Acoustic and Electrical Echo Cancellers for a Full-Duplex Teleconference P (2005)

A real-time implementation of adaptive acoustic and electrical echo cancellers for a full-duplex teleconference phone is considered. Using DSP56200s a 3840-tap adaptive finite impulse response (AFR) filter is implemented for an acoustical echo canceller, while a 256-tap AFTR filter is used for an electrical echo canceller. A simple double talk detection algorithm is implemented on the DSP56001, which is also used as a host processor for the: DSP56200s, A/D and D/A converters. The DSP56001 assembly code is included, as well as the schematic diagram of the hardware board.
75 ans de départementalisation outre-mer bilan et perspectives : de l'uniformité à la différenciation (2021)

International audience
Automatische Bestimmung der Messunsicherheiten auf KMGs auf dem Weg in die industrielle Praxis (Automated Calculation of Measurement Uncertainties on CMMs – Towards Industrial Application) (2002)

In diesem Beitrag wird der derzeitige Entwicklungsstand der als „Virtuelles KMG” bezeichneten Methode zur Messunsicherheitsbestimmung auf Koordinatenmessgeräten (KMG) vorgestellt. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass mit dieser Methode realistische Unsicherheiten auch für komplexe Messaufgaben ermittelt werden können. Das Verfahren wird zurzeit in die Industrie eingeführt. Durch das Verfahren können Normale für die Rückführung von produktionsnahen Messeinrichtungen auf der Basis der ISO/TS 15530-3 (entspricht DIN 32881-3) kalibriert werden.
Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer – collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58 515 women with breast cancer and 95 067 women without the disease (2002)

Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58,515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95,067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19-1.45, P<0.00001) for an intake of 35-44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33-1.61, P<0.00001) for >/=45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1% per 10 g per day, P<0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers=1.03, 95% CI 0.98-1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92-1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver.
Effect of sodium fluoride rinsing on dental plaque accumulation. (1977)

Chief Naturalist Herr offers his opinion and recommendations on the possible development of Crow Flies High Butte Historic Site near New Town, North Dakota.
Taxes and Allowances in a Dynamic Equilibrium Model of Urban Housing with a Size-Quality Hierarchy (1995)

income tax, property tax, housing allowance, housing
A Pockels Cell Light Modulator for Wide Angle Radiation (1969)

A Pockels cell light modulator which operates at radio frequencies is described. It transmits more isotropic radiation than other Pockels cell or water cell modulators that operate at these frequencies. In addition, the modulated light has less phase variation between different components of the radiation than do water cell modulators.
The correlation of package coplanarity and reflow warpage to SMT (2010)

Flip Chip Ball Grid Array (FCBGA) package with large silicon chip and package size typically exhibits high warpage and coplanarity. Many percieved that such package design faced surface mount technology (SMT) challenges. In this study, the warpage characteristic and the SMT validation for such large package was investigated. A hybrid methodology utilizing both numerical and empirical data to predict the coplanarity of this package is presented. SMT validation was performed on range of coplanarity to demonstrate the process robustness together with solder joint reliability (SJR) data. With all the studies, the correlation between package room temperature coplanarity and reflow warpage has been established without comprising SMT quality and SJR performance. In the end, an improved FCBGA coplanarity specification limit has been defined and aligned with the Alternate Warpage Specification in JEDEC standard.
Stepwise Reduction of Immobilized Monolayer Graphene Oxides (2013)

Chemically converted graphene is highly relevant for transparent conducting film applications such as display and photovoltaic uses. So far, the major obstacle for realizing the potential has been to fully reduce/deoxygenate the graphene oxide (GO), which is challenging in part due to the pronounced aggregation that accompanies deoxygenation of GO in solution. Surface immobilization of monolayered graphene oxide (mGO) in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films was investigated as a method to circumvent this problem. Two types of LB films with different density of mGO flakes were prepared, i.e., diluted and coherent, and efficiently deoxygenated in a three-step reduction procedure involving subsequent treatment with hydrazine in dimethylformamide (DMF), sulfuric acid, and high temperature annealing. The stepwise reduction process was evaluated with optical microscopy, Raman microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) along with electrical characterization. XPS measurements confirmed a full conversion into virtually oxygen-free chemically converted graphene. The electrical characterization revealed large variations in the conductivity for single sheets in the diluted LB films, with an average conductivity of 100 S/cm. A similar conductivity was found for macroscopic devices made from the coherent LB films with overlapping mGO sheets. The large variation in single sheets conductance is assigned to overoxidation of the GO leading to formation of holes, which cannot be recovered in the chemical reduction procedure. The study shows that the applied three-step reduction procedure is chemically complete and that the conductivity of this chemically converted graphene is limited by structural defects/holes rather than remaining oxygen functionalities.
Anesthesiologist's Adaptive Associate (ANAA) (2005)

The anesthesia environment is a dynamic and stochastic system where an overwhelming amount of data is constantly displayed. Nevertheless, prompt decisions ought to be made and subsequent treament should be applied. We propose the ANAA (ANesthesiologist's Adaptive Associate) which is an adaptive real time expert system.
Abstract 5111: Norcantharidin impairs tumor growth in vivo and inhibits stemness of triple-negative breast cancer cells (2017)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by an abundance of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC). The absence of a molecular target, coupled with its highly aggressiveness, leads to the lack of an effective therapy for TNBC. Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a synthetic demethylated small-molecule analog of the naturally occurring cantharidin isolated from blister beetles (Mylabris phalerata Pall). Unlike the conventional chemotherapeutics, NCTD toxicity is higher to cancer cells than normal ones, making this small molecule promising for cancer treatment. The aims of this work were: A) To study the effect of NCTD on 4T1 cell line proliferation in vitro. B) To analyze the effect of NCTD on 4T1 derived CSC on self-renewal and clonogenic capacity. C) To evaluate the effect of NCTD on 4T1 tumor growth in vivo. We employed the well-known 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cell model, which presents a huge proportion of CSC. We observed that NCTD treatment during 96 h significantly reduced 4T1 cell proliferation in vitro. In addition, the IC50 value of NCTD was 27.35 ± 2.83 μM. Related to CSC, NCTD pre-treatment for 96 h impaired CSC self-renewal (Number of secondary mammospheres: Control: 276±39; NCTD: 163±18; p≤0.05) as well as the clonogenic capacity (Number of colonies: Control: 359±38; NCTD: 122±11; p≤0.05). By q-PCR, we observed that NCTD treatment for 48 h significantly induced an increase of Gli-1 and Smooth in CSC, keys member of Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Finally, we performed an in vivo assay, where 4T1 cells were orthotopically inoculated on mammary gland of BALB/c mice, and NCTD was i.p. inoculated twice a week (5mg/kg). We observed that NCTD treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. Our data suggest that NCTD treatment reduces tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, possibly through the direct effect on CSC self-renewal and clonogenic capacity, by modulating Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Citation Format: Damian E. Berardi, Guido Cicuttin, Maria A. Taruselli, Stefano M. Cirigliano, Elisa D. Bal de Kier Joffé, Alejandro J. Urtreger, Laura B. Todaro. Norcantharidin impairs tumor growth in vivo and inhibits stemness of triple-negative breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5111
The optimization of on-wafer shield-based test fixture layout (2006)

The effect of layout design on shield-based test fixture parasitic components is studied in this paper. As a result, guidelines for shield-based test fixture layout design are given. The novel test fixture layout details studied in this paper are a slotted ground plane with different slot orientation, the use of ground-bar extensions in a ground-shielded test fixture, and the upgrade of a ground-shielded test fixture to a fully shielded structure with a common ground. It was found that a slotted ground plane does not increase the ground lead impedance significantly. Thus, successful ground-shielded test fixture processing can be ensured by obeying process stress release design rules. Furthermore, the additional ground bar extensions had a negligible effect on reducing the ground-shielded test fixture ground lead impedance. However, upgrading the ground-shielded test fixture structure to fully shielded reduced the ground lead impedance. Therefore, fully shielded test fixtures are proposed for use with two-port cascade-based deembedding methods, which commonly are incapable of taking into account ground lead parasitic components.
5‐Chloroindole: a potent allosteric modulator of the 5‐HT3 receptor (2013)

The present study identifies Cl-indole as a relatively potent and selective PAM of the 5-HT₃ receptor; such compounds will aid investigation of the molecular basis for allosteric modulation of the 5-HT₃ receptor and may assist the discovery of novel therapeutic drugs targeting this receptor.
Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid are fundamental supplements for the induction of neuronal differentiation (2006)

Cell replacement therapy is being investigated for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Adult autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells harboring a variety of neuronal markers and transcription factors. Neural tissue characteristically contains high proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). In this study, evaluation of the fatty acid profile of differentiated neuron-like cells revealed a very low level of DHA, similar to that in MSCs but different from typical neurons. Supplementation of the medium with DHA alone resulted in increased levels of DHA but concomitant low levels of AA. However, supplementation with both DHA and AA yielded a fatty acid profile resembling that of neural tissue. It also resulted in enhanced outgrowth of neurite-like processes, hallmarks of neuronal differentiation. These findings demonstrate the essentiality of DHA and AA supplementation in the process of induced neuronal differentiation and have important implications for the development of cell replacement strategies of neural repair.