gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vanadium-doped indium tin oxide as hole-injection layer in organic light-emitting devices (2005)

Organic light-emitting devices were fabricated by using vanadium-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) as the hole-injection layers between the hole transport layer, N,N′-dia(1-napthl)-N,N′-diphenyl benzidine and the ITO anode. The vanadium-doped ITO layer was 15-nm thick with three different vanadium concentrations (6, 10.5, and 12.5mol%). Three different resistivities (10, 500, and 10000Ωcm) and work functions (5, 5.2, and 5.4eV) were obtained. The device with 6mol% V-doped ITO layer possessing the least resistivity (10Ωcm) and work function (5eV) has the lowest turn-on voltage (below 3V), the lowest operating voltage (below 7V), the highest luminance (1000cd∕m2 below 7V), and the highest power efficiency (&amp;gt;5lm∕W at 10mA∕cm2) among all. Such performance was attributed to the balance between the carrier concentration and the energy barrier for the hole injection.
Revisiting quorum sensing: Discovery of additional chemical and biological functions for 3-oxo- N -acylhomoserine lactones (2004)

Bacteria use small diffusible molecules to exchange information in a process called quorum sensing. An important class of autoinducers used by Gram-negative bacteria is the family of N-acylhomoserine lactones. Here, we report the discovery of a previously undescribed nonenzymatically formed product from N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone; both the N-acylhomoserine and its novel tetramic acid degradation product, 3-(1-hydroxydecylidene)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione, are potent antibacterial agents. Bactericidal activity was observed against all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains, whereas no toxicity was seen against Gram-negative bacteria. We propose that Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes this tetramic acid as an interference strategy to preclude encroachment by competing bacteria. Additionally, we have discovered that this tetramic acid binds iron with comparable affinity to known bacterial siderophores, possibly providing an unrecognized mechanism for iron solubilization. These findings merit new attention such that other previously identified autoinducers be reevaluated for additional biological functions.
Frequency Tuning Range Expansion for the Millimeter-wave Band Tunable Filter (2015)

For the realization of the smart community, the IoT and sensor technology in the millimeter-wave band is necessary. The development of these technologies requires accurate spectrum analysis in the frequency domain over 100 GHz. A tunable pre-selection filter is a key device in building such a spectrum analyzer. In this paper, we propose use of a ridge waveguide to achieve frequency tuning over a wider bandwidth. In addition, we demonstrate an example design and prototype for a filter with a relative bandwidth of 38 % (75 GHz to 110 GHz) and 32 % (78.1 GHz to 107.5 GHz) respectively.
Introduction (2016)

No AccessRheological and Morphological Properties of Dispersed Polymeric MaterialsJul 2016IntroductionHelmut MünstedtHelmut Münstedthttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906088.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2016Pages: 1-3Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-607-1eISBN: 978-1-56990-608-8 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
C-type natriuretic peptide mediates the hypothalamic actions of the natriuretic peptides to inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion (1993)

Both A- and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and CNP, respectively) significantly reduce LH secretion when injected into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious rats. To establish which natriuretic peptide receptor subtype transduces these inhibitory messages, we have employed novel cytotoxin cell targeting techniques to selectively destroy cells in the hypothalamus that respond to ANP or CNP. Rats pretreated with ANP conjugated to the toxic A-chain of the plant cytotoxin ricin failed 1 week later to respond to central injection of ANP with the normal inhibition of LH secretion. These rats did, however, respond with significant inhibition of LH secretion to central injection of CNP. In fact, the LH inhibition observed after CNP injection was significantly greater than that expressed after similar injection of CNP in rats pretreated with unconjugated ricin A-chain (toxin control). Those control rats displayed significant reduction of LH levels in response to ANP injection as well. Plasma LH levels were not significantly affected by central administration of either ANP or CNP in rats pretreated with ricin A-chain conjugated to CNP. These results further demonstrate the power of this novel technology and provide positive evidence supporting our hypothesis that ANP exerts its LH-inhibiting effect by displacing endogenous CNP from clearance receptors within the brain. This endogenous CNP, then, like exogenously applied CNP, activates the guanyl cyclase-B receptors on cells, which are part of the network controlling the release of LHRH.
Synthesis and Characterization of ${\rm Fe-FeO}_{\rm x}$ Core-Shell Nanowires (2008)

We report the synthesis and characterization of Fe-FeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> core-shell nanowires by thermal conversion of the Fe nanowires from pulse electrodeposition in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotemplates under various conditions. Well-defined core-shell nanostructure of the Fe-FeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> nanowires was confirmed by TEM and corresponding elemental line scanning and point scanning. The type of the iron oxide in the shell was identified using nano-Raman spectroscopy, which exposes magnetite to be the major constituent. The magnetic measurements demonstrate that the nanowires are robustly soft magnetic, with the magnetization tunable by heat treatment parameters and a weak magnetic easy direction parallel to the nanowire axis.
New Laser Soldering Has Vision (1987)

ABSTRACT The era of blind laser soldering is coming to an end. The new Intelligent Laser Soldering system has an eye focused on the solder joint being heated by the laser beam. As soon as all the solid solder has melted, shuts off. In this way every joint receives precisely the amount of heat necessary to reach full liquefaction of the solder alloy. No more overheated joints. No more cold joints. And no more need for subsequent inspection, because for each joint, the infraredt detector's output is the infrared signature, containing all information about the joint's quality characteris­ tics. 1. INTRODUCTION Remember Procrustes, the guy who wanted all men to match his own size? He built a bed equipped with stretching and clipping devices, and on this bed, he standardized all men who by misfortune ventured too close to his abode. Alas, how few of them were able leave that bed under their own power.Like men, p.c.b. solder joints were all created equal. Like men, no two of them are identical. They all differ, among other things, in heat input requirements, thermal mass, solder composition, pad-wire alignment, heat sinking, surface emissivity and degree of surface cleanliness. Unfortunately, all these differences are totally ignored in the several mass-soldering techniques being used today. Procrustes' treatment is impartially applied here, and it is responsible for most of the defective solder joints that are con­ sequently produced.In order to eliminate the production of defective solder joints, a new approach is needed, an approach that will treat each solder joint individually, supplying to it just the right amount of heat to melt all the solder material available to make a perfect joint.
Comparison of surface roughness quality created by abrasive water jet and CO2 laser beam cutting (2012)

Original scientific paper This paper deals with an evaluation of the surface roughness quality created by abrasive water jet and by CO2 laser, in terms of influence of the selected technological parameters on the final quality of machined surfaces. The main objective of these experimental studies was to consider the use of both technologies for cutting of difficult to cut materials. Experiments presented in the paper were carried out on titanium ASTM B265-99 samples. The machined surfaces of samples were measured by an optical profilometer. Subsequently, selected topographical characteristics were studied. The obtained data were used for comparison of surface roughness parameters Ra in different depths. Based on achieved results the comparison of both technologies was
How do the Botulinum Neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release: from botulism to the molecular mechanism of action (2008)

An overall picture of the botulinum toxins is provided, linking the recent developments in their molecular and cellular aspects to the physiological actions. The pathophysiological aspects of botulinum poisoning (clinical symptoms and physical findings, synaptic effects at the motor and non-motor nerve terminals) and indirect consequences (muscle atrophy, transient formation of new end-plates) are described. The role of the botulinum toxin complex constituents in dissemination, selective binding of the neurotoxins to nerve terminals and intestinal epithelial cells, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, translocation into the cytosol, and proteolytic attack of the neurotransmitter release machinery are analysed in a molecular and cellular perspective.
Design of a highly efficient wavelet-based video coding scheme (2002)

In this paper, we present a novel design of a wavelet-based video coding algorithm within a conventional hybrid framework of temporal motion-compensated prediction and transform coding. Our proposed algorithm involves the incorporation of multi-frame motion compensation as an effective means of improving the quality of the temporal prediction. In addition, we follow the rate-distortion optimizing strategy of using a Lagrangian cost function to discriminate between different decisions in the video encoding process. Finally, we demonstrate that context-based adaptive arithmetic coding is a key element for fast adaptation and high coding efficiency. The combination of overlapped block motion compensation and frame-based transform coding enables blocking-artifact free and hence subjectively more pleasing video. In comparison with a highly optimized MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile coder, our proposed scheme provides significant performance gains in objective quality of 2.0-3.5 dB PSNR.
[Surgical results of Konno and Ross procedures in children and Bentall and David procedures in adults]. (2009)

The surgical management of complex aortic root lesions has developed over 3 decades both in pediatric and adults patients. To avoid permanent anticoagulation and prosthetic materials as much as possible, we had introduced Ross procedure as an alternative to Konno procedure in pediatric patients and David procedures in adults patients. We sought to evaluate the surgical results of Konno, Ross, Bentall and David procedures. The Konno procedure has excellent long term results and anticoagulation-related complication and endocarditis were major causes of re-operation. Ross procedure has excellent long term results, and autograft failure and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction were causes of re-opertion Bentall procedure is certainly effective and has excellent long term results. Pseudoaneurysmal formation in coronary reconstruction was a major cause of reoperation. David procedure is certainly an attractive option especially for young patients. Early result was satisfactory but durability of this operation should be reevaluated.
The deformation behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni in an atomic force microscope with a newly developed in situ bending machine (2006)

Abstract Four-point-bending and strain-controlled fatigue experiments were performed on electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel specimens at room temperature. For the first time, the deformation behaviour of bulk nanonickel specimens was studied in an atomic force microscope with a newly developed in situ bending machine. Results show that grain boundary sliding plays an important role during deformation, and the fatigue crack propagates along grain boundaries.
Luteal and placental characteristics of carnivore gestation: expression of genes for luteotrophic receptors and steroidogenic enzymes. (1997)

Experiments were carried out to investigate the abundance of mRNA for luteotrophic receptors and steroidogenic elements in the ovaries and corpora lutea of mink during the embryonic diapause, peri-implantation and postimplantation pregnancy. The second aim was to determine whether the mink placenta synthesized progesterone. Homologous cDNA probes for the mink LH and prolactin receptors were generated by the polymerase chain reaction. Heterologous cDNA probes for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta 4-delta 5 isomerase (3 beta HSD) were also used. The abundance of mRNA encoding the prolactin receptor was low during the period of embryonic diapause and increased concurrent with circulating progesterone. The abundance of LH receptor message reached peak values during the peri-implantation period followed by maintenance of a steady-state after implantation. The abundance of StAR and P450scc messages appeared not to vary during gestation, while that for 3 beta HSD was correlated with changes in circulating progesterone. There was no evidence of 3 beta HSD activity or transcripts in the placenta. These results indicate that prolactin and LH are necessary for activation of the corpus luteum during the period of embryonic diapause, and for its maintenance during postimplantation gestation. The mink placenta does not synthesize progesterone.
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes in the Immune Response to P. falciparum Infection (2018)

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite <i>Plasmodium sp</i>, the most lethal being <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Clinical malaria is associated with the asexual replication cycle of <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites inside the red blood cells (RBCs) and a dysregulated immune response. Although the mechanisms of immune responses to blood-or liver-stage parasites have been extensively studied, this has not led to satisfactory leads for vaccine design. Among innate immune cells responding to infection are the non-conventional gamma-delta T-cells. The Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subset, found only in primates, is activated in response to non-peptidic phosphoantigens produced by stressed mammalian cells or by microorganisms such as Mycobacteria, <i>E</i>.<i>coli</i>, and <i>Plasmodium</i>. The potential protective role of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells against infections and cancer progression is of current research interest. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells have been shown to play a role in the early control of <i>P. falciparum</i> parasitemia and to influence malaria adaptive immunity <i>via</i> cytokine release and antigen presentation. They are activated and expanded during a primary <i>P. falciparum</i> infection in response to malaria phosphoantigens and their activity is modulated upon subsequent infections. Here, we review the wide range of functions by which Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells could both contribute to and protect from malaria pathology, with a particular focus on their ability to induce both innate and adaptive responses. We discuss how the multifunctional roles of these T-cells could open new perspectives on gamma-delta T-cell-based interventions to prevent or cure malaria.
Use of synthetic oligonucleotides in the characterization of antithrombin III Northwick Park (393 CGT----TGT) and antithrombin III Glasgow (393 CGT----CAT) (1988)

Antithrombin III (ATIII) Northwick Park is caused by a single amino acid substitution, Arg 393---Cys and antithrombin III Glasgow is caused by Arg 393----His. Examination of the genetic code and the sequence of normal antithrombin III revealed that these amino acid substitutions could arise from the substitution of either two nucleotides or a single nucleotide at codon 393 of the antithrombin III gene. In two families, detection of the ATIII variants by genetic linkage analysis was not possible owing to lack of informative RFLP markers. Consequently, we synthesized two 22-base-long oligonucleotides specific for the single-base substitutions in the region of codon 393 and demonstrated by oligonucleotide hybridization that the molecular defect of ATIII Northwick Park is caused by the CGT----TGT mutation at codon 393 and that ATIII Glasgow is caused by the CGT----CAT mutation at codon 393. These oligonucleotide probes should prove useful as an alternative method for early detection of the ATIII variants.
Hitaasti typpeä vapauttavan ureaformaldehydin vaikutuksista puuston kasvuun, maaperään ja ympäristöön (2020)

Suomessa perustettiin 1970-luvulla kenttäkokeita hidas- ja nopealiukoisten typpi- fosfori- ja kaliumlannoitteiden vertailua varten. Hitaasti typpeä vapauttavaa amerikkalaista ureaformaldehydilannoitetta verrattiin nopealiukoisiin ureaan ja ammoniumnitraattiin. Ureaformaldehydiä valmistetaan syntetisoimalla ureaa ja formaldehydiä (formaliinia) molekyylikooltaan eli ketju­pituudeltaan erikokoisiksi yhdisteiksi. Tämän katsauksen tavoitteena on esitellä tämän ureaformaldehydilannoitteen vaikutuksia puuston kasvuun sekä metsäekosysteemin muihin komponentteihin ja ympäristöön. Tämä toteutetaan tarkastelemalla aikaisemmin julkaisematonta aineistoa sekä julkaistuja tutkimuksia lannoitteiden vaikutuksista ja kestävyysnäkökohdista. Lannoitteen vaikutusten osoittaminen metsäekosysteemiin vaatii vuosien tai jopa vuosikymmenien tutkimusjakson. Ureaformaldehydin vaikutuksista on jo monipuolista tietoa pitkältä ajalta, ja sen vertailu yleisesti käytettyihin nopealiukoisiin typpilannoitteisiin on mahdollista. Ureaformaldehydillä voidaan saavuttaa kertalannoituksella pitkäaikainen kasvunlisäys (jopa yli 15 vuotta). Nopealiukoisella lannoitteella saadaan nopeampi vaikutus metsän kasvuun, mutta vaikutuksen kesto on lyhyempi. Merkittävin tulos ympäristön kannalta on, ettei ureaformaldehydi lisää riskiä typen häviöille, vaan typpi pysyy maassa vapautuen hitaasti hajotustoiminnan tuloksena tyydyttämään puuston typen tarvetta. Muitakaan haittavaikutuksia maan ominaisuuksiin ja toimintoihin tai kasvillisuuteen ei ole havaittu.
A Simple and Efficient Method to Determine the Terminal Sequences of Restriction Fragments Containing Known Sequences (2000)

We present an improvement of the inverse PCR method for the determination of end sequences of restriction fragments containing unknown DNA sequences flanked by known segments. In this approach, a short "bridge" DNA is inserted during the self-ligation step of the inverse PCR technique. This bridge DNA acts as primer annealing sites for amplification and subsequent direct sequencing. Successive PCR amplifications enable selective amplification of the unknown sequences from a complex mixture. Unlike previously described methods, our method does not require special materials, such as synthetic adapters or biotinylated primers that must be prepared each time to adapt the target. Furthermore, no complex steps such as dephosphorylation or purification are needed. Our method can save time and reduce the cost of cloning unknown sequences; it is ideal for routine, rapid gene walking. We applied this method to a GC-rich bacterial genome and succeeded in determining the end sequences of a 4.5-kb fragment.
Ultrafast high power Yb:KLuW regenerative amplifier (2009)

We report on an high power ultra-short pulse regenerative Yb:KLuW amplifier based on the thin disk concept. A maximum pulse energy of 571 microJ was extracted at a repetition rate of 20 kHz. Compression of the output pulses resulted in a pulse duration of 197 fs assuming a deconvolution factor of 2.16. At a repetition rate of 125 kHz a maximum average power of 17.9 W was measured in front of the compressor.
On the Effectiveness of Diffusive Content Caching in Content-Centric Networking (2012)

Recently, data-centric networking is getting increased attention. A representative example of data-centric networking is Content-Centric Networking (CCN), which routes packets within a network based on their content identifiers. In CCN, each CCN router on a network reuses data by caching relayed contents. Specifically, the CCN router caches a copy of the content in its buffer memory. However, in CCN, routers on the path from a user to the source cache contents. A CCN router cannot use contents cached by neighboring CCN routers unless the neighboring CCN routers are on the path to the source. In this paper, we propose Diffusive Content Caching (DCC), which improves the efficiency of buffer memory usage by advertising information of contents cached by a CCN router to neighboring CCN routers. Hence, with DCC, the CCN router can forward a request packet to any of neighboring CCN routers, which cache the corresponding contents using the standard CCN routing mechanism. We also evaluate the effectiveness of DCC by simulations. Our simulation results show that DCC reduces the average contents delivery time by approximately 8 % on average.
3D Quantitative Analysis of Platinum Nanocrystal Superlattices by Electron Tomography (2012)

The work reported herein focuses on the 3D relative arrangement of individual platinum nanocrystals with a size of about 5 nm, and on the structure of the superlattices, they spontaneously form. Electron tomography was systematically used in this study because it allows obtaining quantitative 3D information in real space. Performing tomography in the bright-field TEM mode allowed investigating the short and long-range orderings of the nanoparticles packed as self-organized supercrystals. Systematic fcc pilings were observed with a mean lattice parameter measured to be 19.5 nm, the nature of the arrangement being controlled by the truncated octahedral morphology of platinum nanocrystals and the associated steric effects. A numerical 3D quantitative analysis of the ordering characteristics of the superlattice with a nanometer resolution has been performed that, for the first time, showed a direct correlation between single entities' characteristics and their ordering in periodic arrays. It has been shown that the lattice parameter is different in two orthogonal directions of the fcc structure, which indicates the presence of a slightly compressed superlattice. Inside the superstructure, vacancies and axial defects were observed that would blur the occurrence of potential collective effects from the supercrystals.