gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in imaging hepatic fibrosis and steatosis (2011)

Liver disease is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis and assessment of parenchymal disease is histopathological assessment of a percutaneous or transjugular liver biopsy. The risks and limitations of this technique are well recognized and as a result, significant effort has gone into the development of novel noninvasive methods of diagnosis and longitudinal assessment. Imaging techniques have improved significantly over the past decade and new technologies are beginning to enter clinical practice. Ultrasound, computed tomography and MRI are the main modalities currently used, but novel MRI-based techniques will have an increasing role. While there has been extensive research into the imaging of focal liver disease, the evidence base for imaging in diffuse disease has also undergone recent rapid development, particularly in the assessment of fibrosis and steatosis. Both of these abnormalities of the parenchyma can lead to cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma and represent an important opportunity for detection of early liver disease. We discuss the recent advances in liver imaging techniques and their role in the diagnosis and monitoring of diffuse liver disease, with a focus on their current and potential clinical relevance and whether they may replace or augment liver biopsy. We also discuss techniques currently under development and their potential clinical applications in the future.
Heavy oil and tar mat formation within a reservoir fluid geodynamic perspective (2020)

The recent development of the new discipline ‘reservoir fluid geodynamics’ is enabling a new understanding of reservoirs, especially any factors involving asphaltenes. The development of the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state and its reliance on the Yen-Mullins model coupled with measurements of asphaltene gradients by downhole spectral analysis provides the corresponding
Identification and characterization of three novel antimicrobial peptides from the marine mollusk Nerita versicolor (Gmelin, 1791). (2023)

Mollusks have been widely investigated for antimicrobial peptides, because their humoral defense against pathogens is mainly based on such small biomolecules. In this report, we describe the identification of three novel antimicrobial peptides from the marine mollusk <em>Nerita versicolor</em>. A pool of <em>N. versicolor</em> peptides was analyzed by nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS technology and three potential antimicrobial peptides (Nv-p1, Nv-p2 and Nv-p3) were identified by bioinformatical predictions and selected for chemical synthesis and evaluation of their biological activity. Database searches showed that two of them shows partial identity to Histone H4 peptide fragments from other invertebrate species. Structural predictions revealed that they all adopt a random coil structure even when placed near a lipid bilayer patch. Nv-p1, Nv-p2 and Nv-p3 exhibited activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. The most active peptide was Nv-p3 with an inhibitory activity of starting at 1.5 µg/mL in radial diffusion assays. The peptides were ineffective against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes,</em> and <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. On the other hand, these peptides demonstrated effective antibiofilm action against <em>Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis </em>and<em> Candida auris</em>, but not against the planktonic cells. None of the peptides had significant toxicity on primary human macrophages and fetal lung fibroblasts at effective antimicrobial concentrations. Our results indicate that <em>N. versicolor</em>-derived peptides represent new AMP sequences and have the potential to be optimized and developed into antibiotic alternatives against bacterial and fungal infections.
Plate-laminated corporate-feed slotted waveguide array antenna at 350-GHz band by silicon process (2016)

A corporate feed slotted waveguide array antenna with broadband characteristics in term of gain in the 350 GHz band is achieved by measurement for the first time. The etching accuracy for thin laminated plates of the diffusion bonding process with conventional chemical etching is limited to ±20μm. This limits the use of this process for antenna fabrication in the submillimeter wave band where the fabrication tolerances are very severe. To improve the etching accuracy of the thin laminated plates, a new fabrication process has been developed. Each silicon wafer is etched by DRIE (deep reactive ion etcher) and is plated by gold on the surface. This new fabrication process provides better fabrication tolerances about ±5 μm using wafer bond aligner. The thin laminated wafers are then bonded with the diffusion bonding process under high temperature and high pressure. To validate the proposed antenna concepts, an antenna prototype has been designed and fabricated in the 350 GHz band. The 3dB-down gain bandwidth is about 44.6 GHz by this silicon process while it was about 15GHz by the conventional process using metal plates in measurement.
Digital Measurement of Human Proximity to Electrical Power Circuit by a Novel Amplitude-Shift-Keying Radio-Frequency Receiver (2005)

An electrical injury protection system is being developed to protect electrical workers from electrical injury and electrocution by human proximity and electrical contact sensing. Proximity is monitored by the insertion loss of a radiofrequency (RF) transmission between the power circuit and the human body. The system continuously transmits low power amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) RF waves from the power circuit to the surrounding area. An RF receiver attached to the human body measures the magnitude of incoming ASK RF waves which is inversely related to the proximity of the human body to the power circuit. A novel digital ASK demodulation method is used to conduct digital measurements of the incoming ASK RF wave magnitude efficiently. The RF receiver converts the incoming ASK signals to sawtooth-like enveloped ASK RF signals. A digital ASK demodulator demodulates the converted RF signal and digitizes the sawtooth-like envelopes into a square wave with the pulse width directly related to the magnitude of the incoming ASK RF signal. Human proximity and electrical contact are digitally detected by counting the width of the demodulated pulses. The current consumption of the prototype receiver is only 9 /spl mu/A, which is 1600 times less than that for a conventional ASK magnitude detector.
Mutational analysis of RUNX2 gene in Chinese patients with cleidocranial dysplasia (2010)

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations in the osteoblast-specific transcription factor-encoding gene, RUNX2. To correlate different RUNX2 mutations with CCD clinical spectrum, we studied six independent Chinese CCD patients. In five patients, mutations were detected in the coding region of the RUNX2 gene, including two frameshift mutations and three missense mutations. Of these mutations, four were novel and one had previously been reported. All the detected mutations were exclusively clustered within the Runt domain that affected conserved residues in the Runt domain. In vitro green fluorescent protein fusion studies showed that the three mutations--R225L, 214fs and 172fs--interfered with nuclear accumulation of RUNX2 protein, while T200I mutation had no effect on the subcellular distribution of RUNX2. There was no marked phenotypic difference between patients in craniofacial and clavicles features, while the expressivity of supernumerary teeth in our patient cohort had a striking variation, even among family members. The occurrence of intrafamilial clinical variability raises the view that hypomorphic effects and genetic modifiers may alter the clinical expressivity of these mutations. Our results provide new genetic evidence that mutations involved in RUNX2 contribute to CCD.
Transrectal ablation of prostate tissue using focused ultrasound (1993)

Canine and human prostates were treated with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) using a transrectal probe. Near the beam focus, temperatures were shown to be greater than 60°C, while periprostatic tissue temperatures increased ⩽3°C; rectal wall temperatures did not rise more than 5°C over the baseline. In 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), no major complications resulted from HIFU treatment, and statistically significant improvements in peak and average flow rates were observed at both 90 and 180 days post-treatment
Traffic peccancy processing system based on image recognition (2004)

In this paper, we developed a traffic peccancy processing system. This system employed computer vision technique to monitor the traffic status and recognized the vehicles violating the traffic light, the vehicles stopping in the place where parking is not allowed, the vehicles crossing over the center real line of the traffic lanes and reversing in the driveway.
Artificial Intelligence for an Energy and Resource Efficient Manufacturing Chain Design and Operation (2015)

The energy and resource efficient manufacture of consumption and investment products is becoming a competitive advantage and companies are increasingly interested in optimal manufacturing chain design and process operation. Based on the discrete events modeling approach empirically parameterized process models for heating, hot-rolling, forging and turning are combined to two alternative manufacturing chains for the manufacture of countershafts. The discrete events also consider specific NC codes (e.g. for turning) and allow for time-depended consumption profile calculations. Further defining and structuring all parameters of the manufacturing chains with all their processes in so-called system entity structures provides the basis for a numerical optimization by artificial intelligence tools. A genetic algorithm in combination with a fitness function has been employed to find the manufacturing chain design and process parameter set with the lowest energy and resource consumption for the manufacture of the shafts in an effective way.
Data Management Challenges in Production Machine Learning (2017)

The tutorial discusses data-management issues that arise in the context of machine learning pipelines deployed in production. Informed by our own experience with such largescale pipelines, we focus on issues related to understanding, validating, cleaning, and enriching training data. The goal of the tutorial is to bring forth these issues, draw connections to prior work in the database literature, and outline the open research questions that are not addressed by prior art.
Au Nanomatryoshkas as Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Transducers for Cancer Treatment: Benchmarking against Nanoshells (2014)

Au nanoparticles with plasmon resonances in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum efficiently convert light into heat, a property useful for the photothermal ablation of cancerous tumors subsequent to nanoparticle uptake at the tumor site. A critical aspect of this process is nanoparticle size, which influences both tumor uptake and photothermal efficiency. Here, we report a direct comparative study of ∼90 nm diameter Au nanomatryoshkas (Au/SiO2/Au) and ∼150 nm diameter Au nanoshells for photothermal therapeutic efficacy in highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors in mice. Au nanomatryoshkas are strong light absorbers with 77% absorption efficiency, while the nanoshells are weaker absorbers with only 15% absorption efficiency. After an intravenous injection of Au nanomatryoshkas followed by a single NIR laser dose of 2 W/cm(2) for 5 min, 83% of the TNBC tumor-bearing mice appeared healthy and tumor free >60 days later, while only 33% of mice treated with nanoshells survived the same period. The smaller size and larger absorption cross section of Au nanomatryoshkas combine to make this nanoparticle more effective than Au nanoshells for photothermal cancer therapy.
Performance Assessment of Distributed Strain Sensing Techniques for Convergence Monitoring of Radioactive Waste Repository (2022)

This paper presents the measurement methodology of diameter reduction monitoring of micro-tunnel structures used for radioactive waste storage based on distributed strain measurements along fiber optic sensors installed on the circumference. The whole measurement procedure is described: the calibration of the sensors for use in harsh environment (temperature and radioactivity), the measurement analysis technique, the performance assessment of different measurement systems on a surface mock-up and the in-situ validation on an underground structure. The performances of Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattering measurements are compared, as well as different fixation technologies. Distributed measurements are compared to alternative measurements: displacement sensors, Bragg grating extensometers and MEMS accelerometers. The distributed Rayleigh backscattering measurement performed on optical cables bonded to the surface of the structure appears to be the best solution for monitoring the convergence of micro-tunnels and offers comparable performance to alternative technologies tested on the surface demonstrator.
Mesotrione: a new selective herbicide for use in maize (2001)

Mesotrione is a new herbicide being developed for the selective pre- and post-emergence control of a wide range of broad-leaved and grass weeds in maize (Zea mays). It is a member of the benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione family of herbicides, which are chemically derived from a natural phytotoxin obtained from the Californian bottlebrush plant, Callistemon citrinus. The compound acts by competitive inhibition of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a component of the biochemical pathway that converts tyrosine to plastoquinone and alpha-tocopherol. Mesotrione is an extremely potent inhibitor of HPPD from Arabidopsis thaliana, with a Ki value of c 6-18 pM. It is rapidly taken up by weed species following foliar application, and is distributed within the plants by both acropetal and basipetal movement. Maize is tolerant to mesotrione as a consequence of selective metabolism by the crop plant. Slower uptake of mesotrione, relative to susceptible weed species, may also contribute to its utility as a selective herbicide for use in maize.
Diagnostic Arthroscopy for Detection of Periprosthetic Infection in Painful Shoulder Arthroplasty (2019)

Level III.
Improved AMD Nanosheet System to Increase Oil Production Under Harsh Reservoir Conditions (2023)

Abstract Amphiphilic molybdenum disulfide (AMD) nanosheet is a novel flake type Nano material, which is different from the widely used particulate Nano material, for increasing oil production. Most of the current researches and applications of nanosheets were for low temperature and low permeability sandstone reservoirs. This work investigated an improved nanosheet system for permeable carbonates at harsh reservoir conditions. AMD nanosheet sample was a concentrated black liquid with flake size about 80*60*1.2 nm. The features in a high salinity water (HSW) and high temperature were characterized by compatibility test, interfacial tension (IFT) test, emulsification test, and phase behavior test. The potential for increasing oil production was evaluated by micromodel displacement tests. The micromodel was treated to oil-wet to simulate the wettability of carbonates. The performances of initial sample and improved sample by a cationic surfactant were compared. Initial AMD nanosheet sample was not compatible with HSW at 95 °C. A cationic surfactant significantly improve the compatibility. IFT of 50 mg/L nanosheet with a light oil was 0.46 mN/m at 25 °C. IFT of The improved system with the surfactant decreased to 0.21 mN/m at 90 °C. The increase of nanosheet and surfactant concentration resulted in an IFT increase. Although IFT was not ultra-low, nanosheet had strong interfacial activity on oil-water interface even at low concentration. Nanosheet-only produced much stable emulsion than surfactant-only. Mixing nanosheet and surfactant increased emulsion stability slightly. Phase behavior results demonstrated that surfactant improved the hydrophilic and lipophilic balance of nanosheet to produce Winsor III type microemulsion. In core flow testing, the nanosheet alone injection partially plugged the core plug with relatively high adsorption/retention. Adding the surfactant improved the migration and reduced adsorption of nanosheet in porous media. Micromodel displacement test showed that improved nanosheet system at low concentration of 50 mg/L increased oil production by more than 20% after water flooding at both ambient temperature and reservoir temperature at 95 °C. This study investigated a more efficient material with same dimension as oil-water interface compared with surfactant or particulate Nano materials. An improved nanosheet system was developed for carbonate reservoirs under harsh conditions.
Synthesis of α‐Cyanoenamines by Cyanation of α‐Bromoimmonium Bromides and Dehydrobromination of β‐bromo‐α‐(dialkylamino)nitriles (1983)

Abstract The reaction of α‐bromoimmonium bromides 4 with potassium cyanide in dimethylformamide gave rise to β‐bromo‐α‐(dialkylamino)nitriles 5 , which were dehydrobrominated in various basesolvent systems to afford ( E )‐ and ( Z )‐α‐cyanoenamines 2 . An adaption of a previously published preparation of α‐cyanoenamines starting from aldehydes via enamines led to an improved, efficient and fast synthesis of the title compounds.
Treating Gynecologic Malignancies in Elderly Patients (2013)

Optimal treatment in patients with gynecologic malignancies evidently improves survival in elderly patients at any age, and in patients with ovarian cancer at any stage. Regardless of chronological age, the aim should be to deliver optimal treatment.
Quantitative simultaneous cardiac SPECT using MC‐JOSEM (2009)

Simultaneous rest 99mTc-Sestamibi/ 123I-BMIPP cardiac SPECT imaging has the potential to replace current clinical 99mTc-Sestamibi rest/stress imaging and therefore has great potential in the case of patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Separation of images of these two radionuclides is difficult, however, because their emission energies are close. The authors previously developed a fast Monte Carlo (MC)-based joint ordered-subset expectation maximization (JOSEM) iterative reconstruction algorithm (MC-JOSEM), which simultaneously compensates for scatter and cross talk as well as detector response within the reconstruction algorithm. In this work, the authors evaluated the performance of MC-JOSEM in a realistic population of 99mTc/123I studies using cardiac phantom data on a Siemens e.cam system using a standard cardiac protocol. The authors also compared the performance of MC-JOSEM for estimation tasks to that of two other methods: standard OSEM using photopeak energy windows without scatter correction (NSC-OSEM) and standard OSEM using a Compton-scatter energy window for scatter correction (SC-OSEM). For each radionuclide the authors separately acquired high-count projections of radioactivity in the myocardium wall, liver, and soft tissue background compartments of a water-filled torso phantom, and they generated synthetic projections of various dual-radionuclide activity distributions. Images of different combinations of myocardium wall/background activity concentration ratios for each radionuclide were reconstructed by NSC-OSEM, SC-OSEM, and MC-JOSEM. For activity estimation in the myocardium wall, MC-JOSEM always produced the best relative bias and relative standard deviation compared with NSC-OSEM and SC-OSEM for all the activity combinations. On average, the relative biases after 100 iterations were 8.1% for 99mTc and 3.7% for 123I with MC-JOSEM, 39.4% for 99mTc and 23.7% for 123I with NSC-OSEM, and 20.9% for 99mTc with SC-OSEM. The relative standard deviations after 30 iterations were 0.7% for 99mTc and 1.0% for 123I with MC-JOSEM, as compared to 1.1% for 99mTc and 1.2% for 123I with NSC-OSEM and 1.3% for 99mTc with SC-OSEM. Finally, the authors compared the relative standard deviation after 30 iterations with the minimum theoretical variance on activity estimation, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB), and with the biased CRB. The measured precision was larger than the biased bound values by factors of 2-4, suggesting that further improvement could be made to the method.
Key factors affecting people’s unwillingness to be confined during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a large-scale population study (2021)

Population confinements have been one of the most widely adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented by governments across the globe to help contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While confinement measures have been proven to be effective to reduce the number of infections, they entail significant economic and social costs. Thus, different policy makers and social groups have exhibited varying levels of acceptance of this type of measures. In this context, understanding the factors that determine the willingness of individuals to be confined during a pandemic is of paramount importance, particularly, to policy and decision-makers. In this paper, we study the factors that influence the unwillingness to be confined during the COVID-19 pandemic by the means of a large-scale, online population survey deployed in Spain. We perform two types of analyses (logistic regression and automatic pattern discovery) and consider socio-demographic, economic and psychological factors, together with the 14-day cumulative incidence per 100,000 inhabitants. Our analysis of 109,515 answers to the survey covers data spanning over a 5-month time period to shed light on the impact of the passage of time. We find evidence of pandemic fatigue as the percentage of those who report an unwillingness to be in confinement increases over time; we identify significant gender differences, with women being generally less likely than men to be able to sustain long-term confinement of at least 6 months; we uncover that the psychological impact was the most important factor to determine the willingness to be in confinement at the beginning of the pandemic, to be replaced by the economic impact as the most important variable towards the end of our period of study. Our results highlight the need to design gender and age specific public policies, to implement psychological and economic support programs and to address the evident pandemic fatigue as the success of potential future confinements will depend on the population's willingness to comply with them.
Two act as one: unexpected dimers of catechol direct a solid-state [2+2] photodimerization in a six-component hydrogen-bonded assembly (2014)

We describe hydrogen-bonded dimers of catechol that act collectively as a single template to direct an intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition in the solid state. The directed reactivity involves discrete, six-component hydrogen-bonded assemblies and a photoreaction that occurs stereoselectively and in quantitative yield.
Text-Guided Image Manipulation via Generative Adversarial Network With Referring Image Segmentation-Based Guidance (2023)

This study proposed a novel text-guided image manipulation method that introduces referring image segmentation into a generative adversarial network. The proposed text-guided image manipulation method aims to manipulate images containing multiple objects while preserving text-unrelated regions. The proposed method assigns the task of distinguishing between text-related and unrelated regions in an image to segmentation guidance based on referring image segmentation. With this architecture, the adversarial generative network can focus on generating new attributes according to the text description and reconstructing text-unrelated regions. For the challenging input images with multiple objects, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of image manipulation precision.