gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Living Alone or Together During Lockdown: Association with Mood, Immune Fitness and Experiencing COVID-19 Symptoms (2021)

The first COVID-19 lockdown period in the Netherlands was a challenging period for both people who lived alone and those living together, resulting in decreases in mood and poorer perceived immune fitness. Those living alone were, however, more heavily impacted by the lockdown restrictions. This was further reflected by the increased presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms in people who lived alone during the first COVID-19 lockdown in The Netherlands.
Dynamic Origin–Destination Matrix Prediction with Line Graph Neural Networks and Kalman Filter (2020)

Modern intelligent transportation systems provide data that allow real-time dynamic demand prediction, which is essential for planning and operations. The main challenge of prediction of dynamic origin–destination (O-D) demand matrices is that demand cannot be directly measured by traffic sensors; instead, it has to be inferred from aggregate traffic flow data on traffic links. Specifically, spatial correlation, congestion and time dependent factors need to be considered in general transportation networks. This paper proposes a novel O-D prediction framework combining heterogeneous prediction in graph neural networks and Kalman filter to recognize spatial and temporal patterns simultaneously. The underlying road network topology is converted into a corresponding line graph in the newly designed fusion line graph convolutional networks (FL-GCNs), which provide a general framework of predicting spatial-temporal O-D flows from link information. Data from the New Jersey Turnpike network are used to evaluate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed approach yields the best performance under various prediction scenarios. In addition, the advantage of combining deep neural networks and Kalman filter is demonstrated.
Laser Surface Processing of B 4 C–TiB 2 Eutectic (2008)

The formation of a directionally solidified non‐oxide eutectic surface layer based on the 75 mol% B 4 C and 25 mol% TiB 2 eutectic composition has been developed using a continuous‐wave, high‐power, CO 2 laser. To prevent the oxidation of nonoxide compounds and to reduce thermal stress formation, an atmospherically controlled furnace capable of back‐heating samples up to 1100°C during the laser processing has been employed. The effect of the laser scan rate on the eutectic microstructure formation is investigated. It is found that at relatively slow laser scan rates, ∼2–4 mm/s, the formation of a colony‐type eutectic microstructure with submicrometer scale features is observed. At higher heating rates up to 42 mm/s, disordered eutectic grains with nanometer‐scale TiB 2 lamellae form. The dependence of the TiB 2 interlamellar spacing on the crystallization rate in the laser solidified B 4 C–TiB 2 eutectic has the same general trend as in the eutectic produced by a floating zone method. However, this method allows the production of much smaller microstructural length scales, on the order of 100 nm, as a consequence of the high crystallization velocity.
Rickettsial Diseases (2017)

Tick-borne rickettsioses are emerging as more important health problems throughout the world. The spotted fever group including Rickettsia rickettsia can cause encephalopathy, meningitis and brain damage by selectively targeting capillary endothelial cells in the brain, and stimulating inflammation, capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and intravascular coagulation. Rickettsia are are arthropod-borne gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria and are obligate intracellular organisms that do not survive in artificial medium. In North and South America, the most common rickettsial disorder is rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) transmitted by the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis or the wood tick Dermacentor andersoni. A characteristic “starry sky” pattern can be seen on MRI imaging of the brain in some patients with RMSF encephalopathy and is thought to reflect the organisms targeting of brain endothelial cells in capillaries the white matter. Early treatment with doxycycline is curative and reverses signs of encephalopathy if given within a few day of onset, but delayed treatment can be associated with permanent neurological disability. The typhus group of rickettsia bacteria include R. prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus and R. typhi, which causes murine typhus (endemic) typhus in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Flying squirrels and humans carry R prowazekii and rats are carry R. typhi. Q fever caused by the rickettsia organism Coxiella burnetti is transmitted from farm animals including sheep and is seen throughout the world including the United States.
SBS-Compressed FT-limited laser pulses tunable in wavelength and duration (200 - 2000 ps) (1998)

With the use of Fourier-transform (FT) limited laser pulses structural and dynamical information can be retained from gas, liquid and solid-phase samples, in principle both from time domain and frequency domain measurements. In many cases it is, however, practical to reduce the bandwidth such that the relevant spectral structures are resolved, and then use the resulting temporal response of the optical pulses to derive dynamical information on the spectrally resolved structures. Using a wavelength-tunable pulsed-dye amplifier, delivering FT-pulses of 5 ns, and pulse compression in a simple two-cell setup (filled with methanol) the resulting pulse duration could be varied in the range 400 - 2000 ps (see Fig. 1). Pulse compression is established by the process of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). The resulting pulse duration is governed by the power density of the incident beam, which can be varied by the changing beam diameter. From spectral and time domain measurements it is demonstrated that in all cases Δ v Δ r ≤ 1. For all measurements the SBS-conversion efficiency was &gt;80%.
Abstract 4036: Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) Independently Predicts Incident Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in an Apparently Healthy Older Population: The Rancho Bernardo Study (2006)

Background: Serum levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an enzyme that hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids to yield potentially pro-atherogenic particles, have been associated ...
Fiber-edge electrooptic/magnetooptic probe for spectral-domain analysis of electromagnetic field (2000)

We propose a new class of an electromagnetic-held probing scheme for microwave planar circuit diagnosis. The measurement principle is based on the electrooptic/magnetooptic effects of crystals glued at optical fiber facets. We have combined the concept of those fiber-edge probes with a fiber-optic RF spectrum analyzing system containing a continuous-wave semiconductor laser source, a fast photodetector, and an RF spectrum analyzer to realize a highly sensitive measurement equipment of local impedance. Electromagnetic-field intensity on a microstrip transmission line has been measured in the frequency domain, where voltage and current amplitudes have been independently investigated with sensitivities of 16 mV/Hz-1/2 and 0.33 mA/Hz-1/2, respectively. In addition, it has been shown that the former value can be improved to be 0.7 mV/Hz-1/2 or smaller by the resonant cavity enhancement effect.
Intelligent obstacle avoidance for an autonomous mobile robot (2004)

In this paper, an intelligent obstacle-avoidance approach to autonomous navigation of a mobile robot in unknown environments is developed using the neuro-fuzzy technique. A combination of four infrared sensors is equipped to detect the distance of obstacles around the mobile robot. The distance information is processed by the proposed neuro-fuzzy controller to adjust the velocities of the differential-drive system of the mobile robot. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed neuro-fuzzy controller.
Effect of Reynolds Number and Property Variation on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Entrance Region of a Turbine Blade Internal‐Cooling Channel (2005)

Internal cooling is one of the effective techniques to cool turbine blades from inside. This internal cooling is achieved by pumping a relatively cold fluid through the internal‐cooling channels. These channels are fed through short channels placed at the root of the turbine blade, usually called entrance region channels. The entrance region at the root of the turbine blade usually has a different geometry than the internal‐cooling channel of the blade. This study investigates numerically the fluid flow and heat transfer in one‐pass smooth isothermally heated channel using the RNG k − ε model. The effect of Reynolds number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics has been studied for two mass flow rate ratios (1/1 and 1/2) for the same cooling channel. The Reynolds number was varied between 10 000 and 50 000. The study has shown that the cooling channel goes through hydrodynamic and thermal development which necessitates a detailed flow and heat transfer study to evaluate the pressure drop and heat transfer rates. For the case of unbalanced mass flow rate ratio, a maximum difference of 8.9% in the heat transfer rate between the top and bottom surfaces occurs at Re = 10 000 while the total heat transfer rate from both surfaces is the same for the balanced mass flow rate case. The effect of temperature‐dependent property variation showed a small change in the heat transfer rates when all properties were allowed to vary with temperature. However, individual effects can be significant such as the effect of density variation, which resulted in as much as 9.6% reduction in the heat transfer rate.
A study of the practicality and profit enhancement potential of demand driven dispatch in airline hub operations (1993)

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Dye sensitised solar cells from laboratory scale to pre-pilot stage (2003)

At ECN Solar Energy, the dye sensitised solar cell (nc-DSC) is developed from laboratory scale to the pre-pilot module stage. The process line with mechanised equipment for 10/spl times/10 and 7.5/spl times/10 cm/sup 2/ devices is presented. Power conversion efficiencies of 6% obtained for cell-areas of 2.5 cm/sup 2/ are successfully translated to 100 cm/sup 2/ devices (active-area 68 cm/sup 2/) by application of identical cell components. Reproducible efficiencies of 6.0 /spl plusmn/ 0.3% are achieved at high yields of over 85%. These results prove that complete device manufacturing of nc-DSC using a baseline process, starting with colloid synthesis is reproducible for surfaces up to 10/spl times/10 cm/sup 2/. Four-cell 30/spl times/30 cm/sup 2/ modules are constructed to verify the feasibility of translating critical process steps carried out on 10/spl times/10 cm/sup 2/ to 30/spl times/30 cm/sup 2/. Cost calculations based on the present processing schemes (semi-automated) indicate a cost level of 2.5 Euro/Wp at 1 MWp/year capacity, of which labour amounts to 40%.
Influence of chemotherapeutic agents on superoxide anion production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1990)

The effects of 11 chemotherapeutic agents on superoxide anion (O2−) production were examined in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). All drugs, except predonine, were found to suppress O2− production in PMNL. Adriamycin (doxorubicin), mitomycin C, vindesine, cisplatin, etoposide, nimustine, and pepleomycin suppressed O2− production at relatively low drug concentrations, whereas methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and vincristine suppressed O2− production at high drug concentrations. Time-dependent suppression of O2− production was evaluated in four drugs, namely Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), cisplatin, vindesine, and methotrexate. Only Adriamycin showed suppressive effect on PMNL-derived O2− production in a time-dependent manner. Production of O2− by PMNL is a fundamental element for its bactericidal activity. The authors' results showed suppression of O2− production in PMNL in the presence of chemotherapeutic agents. This indicates a relationship between chemotherapy drugs and susceptibility to infection. The influence of chemotherapeutic agents on O2− production by PMNL should thus be taken into consideration when assessing defense mechanisms and susceptibility to infection of patients treated with these drugs.
Pathophysiology of Acne Scars (2018)

Acne is a very common skin disease affecting 90% of 16–17-year-old boys and 80% of 16–17-year-old girls. Scarring occurs early in acne and may affect some 95% of patients with this disease. Inflammation in acne is a two-stage process, with lymphocytes and neutrophils affecting the attenuated follicular wall of the closed comedone and, if this wall is breached, the extravasation of irritating follicular contents into the dermis leads to a variety of lesions. Innate immunity seems to play a role in acne scars. Clinically normal epidermis of acne patients prone to scars is associated with a profile of activation of innate immunity that is different from patients not prone to scars. Collagen and other tissue damage from the inflammation of acne leads to permanent skin texture changes and fibrosis. From a histopathological point of view, scars demonstrate thicker, abundant collagen that is stretched and aligned in the same plane as the epidermis.
Post‐genomics of bone metabolic dysfunctions and neoplasias (2012)

Post-genomic research on osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, in contrast to that on many other cell types, has only been undertaken recently. Nevertheless, important information has been gained from these investigations on the mechanisms involved in osteoblast differentiation and on markers relevant for tissue regeneration and therapeutic validation of drugs, hormones and growth factors. These protein indicators may also have a diagnostic and prognostic value for bone dysfunctions and tumors. Some reviews have already focused on the application of transcriptomics and/or proteomics for exploring skeletal biology and related disorders. The main goal of the present review is to systematically summarize the most relevant post-genomic studies on various metabolic bone diseases (osteoporosis, Paget's disease and osteonecrosis), neoplasias (osteosarcoma) and metabolic conditions that indirectly affect bone tissue, such as alkaptonuria.
Identification of approved drugs that inhibit the binding of amyloid β oligomers to ephrin type‐B receptor 2 (2016)

Ephrin type-B receptor 2 (EphB2) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and plays an important role in learning and memory functions. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in mouse models of AD, a reduction in the hippocampal EphB2 level is observed. It was recently reported that normalization of the EphB2 level in the dentate gyrus rescues memory function in a mouse model of AD, suggesting that drugs that restore EphB2 levels may be beneficial in the treatment of AD. Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, which are believed to be key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of AD, induce EphB2 degradation through their direct binding to EphB2. Thus, compounds that inhibit the binding of Aβ oligomers to EphB2 may be beneficial. Here, we screened for such compounds from drugs already approved for clinical use in humans. Utilizing a cell-free screening assay, we determined that dihydroergotamine mesilate, bromocriptine mesilate, cepharanthine, and levonorgestrel inhibited the binding of Aβ oligomers to EphB2 but not to cellular prion protein, another endogenous receptor for Aβ oligomers. Additionally, these four compounds did not affect the binding between EphB2 and ephrinB2, an endogenous ligand for EphB2, suggesting that the compounds selectively inhibited the binding of Aβ oligomers to EphB2. This is the first identification of compounds that selectively inhibit the binding of Aβ oligomers to EphB2. These results suggest that these four compounds may be safe and effective drugs for treatment of AD.
In vitro antimicrobial effect of bacteriophages on human dentin infected with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (2004)

This study assessed the effect of bacteriophages on the viability of Enterococcus faecalis. Human dental roots were inoculated with a suspension of E. faecalis at three different multiplicities of infection - 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0. The phage lysate was able to significantly inhibit bacteria growth when incubated at the multiplicities of infection of 1.0, 10.0 and 0.1. The dental roots were also inoculated with bacteria for 6 days to allow bacterial penetration into the teeth tubules. Addition of the phage lysate to the roots following the 6-day incubation period led to a substantial reduction in bacteria viability. Phage therapy may be an important alternative for the treatment of root canal infections refractory to conventional endodontic therapy.
Characterization and determination of the complex between prostate-specific antigen and α1-protease inhibitor in benign and malignant prostatic diseases (2000)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a tissue-specific serine protease which forms complexes with protease inhibitors such as alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. We have studied the interaction between PSA and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (API) in vitro and found that 15% of the added PSA binds to API while the majority of API is cleaved between Met358 and Ser359 when PSA is incubated with a 5-fold excess of API at 37 degrees C for 7 days. The complex between PSA and API (PSA-API) formed in vitro displays the same chromatographic behavior, molecular size and immunoreactivity as endogenous PSA-API occurring in serum, indicating that they are identical. PSA-API can be detected in serum by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA), in which a monoclonal antibody to PSA is used as a catcher and a polyclonal antibody to API labeled with a Eu-chelate is used as a tracer. Purified PSA-API formed in vitro is used as a calibrator. PSA-API in serum represents 1.0-7.9% (median 2.4%) of total PSA (tPSA) in prostate cancer (PCa, n = 82) and 1.3-12.2% (median 3.6%, p < 0.01) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 66). The IFMA for PSA-API in serum is hampered by a variable background, which is caused by non-specific adsorption of the huge excess of API in serum to the solid phase. The background can be determined by an assay using the same tracer as in the IFMA for PSA-API but PSA-unrelated antibody on the solid phase. The background signal is subtracted from the PSA-API signal. The clinical utility of PSA-API in serum has been evaluated in PSA-positive subjects from the Finnish PCa screening trial. After subtraction of the background, the proportion of PSA-API in relation to tPSA is lower in PCa than in controls, 0.9% vs. 1.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the concentration of PSA-API was independent of the proportion of free PSA as a diagnostic variable among subjects with a tPSA of 4-10 micrograms/l (p = 0.009). The probability of PCa calculated by logistic regression using the concentration of PSA-API and the proportion of free PSA in serum significantly improved cancer specificity at high sensitivity levels (85-95%) as compared to the proportion of free PSA alone.
Single-clock dynamic latches optimization (2002)

The advantage of using single-phase clocked circuits in VLSI system design is well known. This class of circuits has the advantage of a simple clock distribution, low area for clock routing, reduced clock skew and high speed. However, it is difficult to choose the best configuration of such devices. Indeed, clear estimation criteria are needed to compare various kinds of latches. Moreover, to find the best sizes of the transistors in these latches, an automated procedure is needed. In this paper, a simple compound criterion is proposed. This criterion is used in a proposed automated search procedure. That procedure is then applied to the split-output latch to obtain good configurations. The effect of imposing a stringent balance to the latch characteristics is also described.
Technology and System Challenges for 300 mm Metal and Polysilicon Plasma Etch (1998)

Abstract The development of 300mm metal and polysilicon plasma etch systems presents numerous technical challenges. The main efforts can be delineated as mainframe and integration, chamber development, and process characterization and development. With respect to system mainframe and integration, we discuss wafer handling in detail. Discussion of the chamber design effort includes decoupled plasma source development, the electrostatic wafer chuck, and gas feed and distribution as guided by the use of fluid flow simulation. Process and hardware performance data are presented as they illustrate design success.
α-Internexin Is Structurally and Functionally Associated with the Neurofilament Triplet Proteins in the Mature CNS (2006)

Alpha-internexin, a neuronal intermediate filament protein implicated in neurodegenerative disease, coexists with the neurofilament (NF) triplet proteins (NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H) but has an unknown function. The earlier peak expression of alpha-internexin than the triplet during brain development and its ability to form homopolymers, unlike the triplet, which are obligate heteropolymers, have supported a widely held view that alpha-internexin and neurofilament triplet form separate filament systems. Here, we demonstrate, however, that despite a postnatal decline in expression, alpha-internexin is as abundant as the triplet in the adult CNS and exists in a relatively fixed stoichiometry with these subunits. Alpha-internexin exhibits transport and turnover rates identical to those of triplet proteins in optic axons and colocalizes with NF-M on single neurofilaments by immunogold electron microscopy. Alpha-internexin also coassembles with all three neurofilament proteins into a single network of filaments in quadruple-transfected SW13vim(-) cells. Genetically deleting NF-M alone or together with NF-H in mice dramatically reduces alpha-internexin transport and content in axons throughout the CNS. Moreover, deleting alpha-internexin potentiates the effects of NF-M deletion on NF-H and NF-L transport. Finally, overexpressing a NF-H-LacZ fusion protein in mice induces alpha-internexin and neurofilament triplet to aggregate in neuronal perikarya and greatly reduces their transport and content selectively in axons. Our data show that alpha-internexin and the neurofilament proteins are functionally interdependent. The results strongly support the view that alpha-internexin is a fourth subunit of neurofilaments in the adult CNS, providing a basis for its close relationship with neurofilaments in CNS diseases associated with neurofilament accumulation.
Maximum principles for discrete-time nonlinear stochastic control systems (1993)

In this paper we treat discrete-time stochastic control systems. Using corresponding results for systems, which are linear with respect to the state variables, we derive under convexity assumptions optimality conditions in form of maximum principles