gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LCOE reduction potential of parabolic trough and solar tower CSP technology until 2025 (2017)

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), with an installed capacity of 4.9 GW by 2015, is a young technology compared to other renewable power generation technologies. A limited number of plants and installed capacity in a small challenging market environment make reliable and transparent cost data for CSP difficult to obtain. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the DLR German Aerospace Center gathered and evaluated available cost data from various sources for this publication in order to yield transparent, reliable and up-to-date cost data for a set of reference parabolic trough and solar tower plants in the year 2015 [1]. Each component of the power plant is analyzed for future technical innovations and cost reduction potential based on current R&D activities, ongoing commercial developments and growth in market scale. The derived levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for 2015 and 2025 are finally contrasted with published power purchase agreements (PPA) of the NOOR II+III power plants in Morocco. At 7.5% weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and 25 years economic life time, the levelized costs of electricity for plants with 7.5 (trough) respectively 9 (tower) full-load hours thermal storage capacity decrease from 14-15 $-ct/kWh today to 9-10 $-ct/kWh by 2025 for both technologies at direct normal irradiation of 2500 kWh/(m²·a). The capacity factor increases from 41.1% to 44.6% for troughs and from 45.5% to 49.0% for towers. Financing conditions are a major cost driver and offer potential for further cost reduction with the maturity of the technology and low interest rates (6-7 $- ct/kWh for 2% WACC at 2500 kWh/(m2·a) in 2025).
Feasibility of Right and Left Transvaginal Retroperitoneal Nephrectomy: From the Porcine to the Cadaver Model (2009)

Transvaginal retroperitoneal NOTES right and left nephrectomy is certainly accomplishable in the porcine model, and the feasibility of the access was confirmed in two cadavers. As a retroperitoneal transvaginal dissection preserves the peritoneum and obviates bowel handling, this work should encourage further development of NOTES accesses for renal surgery.
[New acrylic resins with very low residual monomer]. (1989)

New experimental acrylic resins were prepared by polymerization of MMA in the presence of vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The amount of residual monomer in the resins prepared by visible light curing, cold curing, and heat curing, at various polymer/monomer ratios, was measured and compared with the usual MMA/PMMA resin. In the visible light cured resins containing 60 or 70 wt% of the fluoropolymer, the amount of residual monomer was less than 0.1%. In the cold cured resins, the amount of residual monomer was very low: 0.2% and 0.7% for the resins containing 70 and 60 wt% of the polymer, respectively. These values were comparable to the usual heat cured MMA/PMMA resins. In the heat cured resins, the amount of residual monomer was the lowest; less than 0.1%, even in the resin consisting of 50 wt% polymer. Thus, we prepared new acrylic resins with much less residual monomer than the usual MMA/PMMA resins.
Time‐Resolved FT‐IR Spectroscopy Traces Signal Relay within the Blue‐Light Receptor AppA (2007)

Revealing intermediates: Time-resolved step-scan FT-IR difference experiments (see figure) on flavin-containing photoreceptors reveal photocycle intermediates which have been spectrally silent in previous UV/Vis experiments on Appa–BLUF. The data indicate blue-light induced proton transfer or a change in H-bonding in the vicinity of a carboxylic side chain which represent an important step in signal transfer from the chromophore to the protein surface.
Root-Knot Nematodes Exhibit Strain-Specific Clumping Behavior That Is Inherited as a Simple Genetic Trait (2010)

Root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites of a wide range of plant species and can feed only on the cytoplasm of living plant cells. In the absence of a suitable plant host, infective juveniles of strain VW9 of the Northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, when dispersed in Pluronic F-127 gel, aggregate into tight, spherical clumps containing thousands of worms. Aggregation or clumping behavior has been observed in diverse genera in the phylum Nematoda spanning free-living species such as Caenorhabditis elegans as well as both plant and animal parasites. Clumping behavior differs between strains of M. hapla and occurs with other species within this genus where strain-specific differences in clumping ability are also apparent. Exposure of M. hapla juveniles to a gradient formed using low levels of cyanide promotes formation of clumps at a preferred cyanide level. Analysis of F2 lines from a cross of M. hapla strains that differ in clump-forming behavior reveals that the behavior segregates as a single, major locus that can be positioned on the genetic map of this nematode. Clumping behavior may be a survival strategy whose importance and function depend on the niche of the nematode strain or species.
Neural mechanisms of rhythmic masking release in monkey primary auditory cortex: implications for models of auditory scene analysis (2012)

The ability to detect and track relevant acoustic signals embedded in a background of other sounds is crucial for hearing in complex acoustic environments. This ability is exemplified by a perceptual phenomenon known as "rhythmic masking release" (RMR). To demonstrate RMR, a sequence of tones forming a target rhythm is intermingled with physically identical "Distracter" sounds that perceptually mask the rhythm. The rhythm can be "released from masking" by adding "Flanker" tones in adjacent frequency channels that are synchronous with the Distracters. RMR represents a special case of auditory stream segregation, whereby the target rhythm is perceptually segregated from the background of Distracters when they are accompanied by the synchronous Flankers. The neural basis of RMR is unknown. Previous studies suggest the involvement of primary auditory cortex (A1) in the perceptual organization of sound patterns. Here, we recorded neural responses to RMR sequences in A1 of awake monkeys in order to identify neural correlates and potential mechanisms of RMR. We also tested whether two current models of stream segregation, when applied to these responses, could account for the perceptual organization of RMR sequences. Results suggest a key role for suppression of Distracter-evoked responses by the simultaneous Flankers in the perceptual restoration of the target rhythm in RMR. Furthermore, predictions of stream segregation models paralleled the psychoacoustics of RMR in humans. These findings reinforce the view that preattentive or "primitive" aspects of auditory scene analysis may be explained by relatively basic neural mechanisms at the cortical level.
Technology mapping for storage elements based on BDD matching (2005)

Most digital systems have storage elements such as flip-flops and latches of various kinds. So when we synthesize from an RT level description, we must choose proper storage elements from the cell library. In this paper, we propose an extended version of a BDD which facilitates describing the behavior of these storage elements and a new technology mapping method for storage elements based on the proposed BDD.
Complex Coacervation of Polymerized Ionic Liquids in Non-aqueous Solvents (2021)

Oppositely charged polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) were used to form complex coacervates in two different organic solvents, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), and the corresponding phase diagrams were constructed using UV-vis, NMR, and turbidity experiments. While previous studies on complex coacervates have focused almost exclusively on aqueous environments, the use of PILs in the current work enabled studies in solvents with substantially lower dielectric constants (27.0 for TFE, 16.7 for HFIP). The critical salt concentration required to induce complete miscibility was roughly 2-fold larger in HFIP compared with TFE, and two different PIL complexes, solidlike precipitates and liquidlike coacervates, were found in both systems. This study provides insight into the effects of low-dielectric-constant solvents on complex coacervation, which has not been widely studied because of the limited solubility of conventional polyelectrolytes in these media.
BioIT Workshop 2014: Chem < > Bio via InChI (2014)

This contains the proceedings of a BioIT World Boston Workshop "A Bar Code for Chemical Structures:Using the InChI to Transform Connectivity between Chemistry, Biology, Biomedicine and Drug Discovery" April, 2014. The first part of the document lists the abstracts and the presenting Faculty. This is followed by the slide sets.
Clinical thresholds for diagnosing iron deficiency: comparison of functional assessment of serum ferritin to population based centiles (2020)

Low serum ferritin is diagnostic of iron deficiency, yet its published lower cut-off values are highly variable, particularly for pediatric populations. Lower cut-off values are commonly reported as 2.5th percentiles, and is based on the variation of ferritin values in the population. Our objective was to determine whether a functional approach based on iron deficient erythropoiesis could provide a better alternative. Utilizing 64,443 ferritin test results from pediatric electronic health records, we conducted various statistical techniques to derive 2.5th percentiles, and also derived functional reference limits through the association between ferritin and erythrocyte parameters: hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width. We find that lower limits of reference intervals derived as centiles are too low for clinical interpretation. Functional limits indicate iron deficiency anemia starts to occur when ferritin levels reach 10 µg/L, and are largely similar between genders and age groups. In comparison, centiles (2.5%) presented with lower limits overall, with varying levels depending on age and gender. Functionally-derived limits better reflects the underlying physiology of a patient, and may provide a basis for deriving a threshold related to treatment of iron deficiency and any other biomarker with functional outcomes.
Trace-based performance analysis of opportunistic forwarding under imperfect node cooperation (2012)

The paper proposes an innovative method for the performance analysis of opportunistic forwarding protocols over files logging mobile node encounters (contact traces). The method is modular and evolves in three steps. It first carries out contact filtering to isolate contacts that constitute message forwarding opportunities for givenmessage coordinates and forwarding rules. It then draws on graph expansion techniques to capture these forwarding contacts into sparse space-time graph constructs. Finally, it runs standard shortest path algorithms over these constructs and derives typical performance metrics such as message delivery delay and path hopcount. The method is flexible in that it can easily assess the protocol operation under various expressions of imperfect node cooperation. We describe it in detail, analyze its complexity, and evaluate it against discrete event simulations for three representative randomized forwarding schemes. The match with the simulation results is excellent and obtained with run times up to three orders of size smaller than the duration of the simulations, thus rendering our method a valuable tool for the performance analysis of opportunistic forwarding schemes.
Engineering Core Analysis (1998)

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering. Introduction Core analysis has come a long way from the days when reservoir productivity was determined by blowing through a piece of cable-tool-produced core. Our tools and methods for drilling and core analysis have changed, but our interests have not. The reservoir-rock properties that determine hydrocarbon production, the variation in these properties, and how these properties affectultimate recovery are still of primary concern. Properly engineered core analysis provides a direct measurement of these reservoir-rock properties and is an essential step in formation-evaluation, reservoir, and production engineering. Fundamental core-analysis measurements are unchanged, but advances provide the ability to test at reservoir conditions and to acquire simultaneous measurements of reservoir-dependent properties. Core analysis today uses X-ray computerized tomography (CT) to determine two- and three-dimensional (2D and3D, respectively) porosity distributions, while continuing to apply Boyle's law and Archimedes' principle to determine porosity. Mercury injection is used routinely to describe pore-throat distributions, but nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) is becoming a popular method to delineate relationships between poreradii and permeability. This review addresses some recurrent concerns of core analysis as well as some new approaches and insights that are part of the physical reservoir model determined by core analysis. Refs. 1 through 6 provide more information on the subject. Coring and Field Operation Reservoir studies seeking to interpret and define both geological and engineering parameters dictate the core-analysis program. Core analyses mustintegrate with field and production data and eliminate reservoir uncertainties that cannot be addressed with log, well-test, or seismic data. These requirements define the coring objectives that, in turn, control coring fluid, tools, and core handling. In most cases, these objectives cannot be obtained with core retrieved in a single well. Coring is thus an integral part of the reservoir-life-cycle process, with cored wells selected to verify or provide maximum information for the current geological, engineering, or production model of the reservoir.
Panitumumab-Conjugated and Platinum-Cored pH-Sensitive Apoferritin Nanocages for Colorectal Cancer-Targeted Therapy (2018)

Apoferritin (AF) is a natural nontoxic iron carrier and has a natural hollow structure that can be used to deliver small molecules. The surface of AF has many amine functional groups that can be modified to create targeted ligands. We loaded oxaliplatin onto AF, which was then used as a template to conjugate with panitumumab via a polyethylene glycol linker. The oxaliplatin-loaded AF conjugated with panitumumab (AFPO) was designed to specifically target cell lines expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). AFPO efficiently released oxaliplatin and suppressed tumor cell growth. Furthermore, the novel AFPO nanocages showed significant inhibition and greater accumulation in tumor models with high EGFR expression in vivo. Our study revealed that combining panitumumab and oxaliplatin into one formulation (AFPO nanocage) could be a promising shortcut in clinical applications.
A single crystal X‐Ray diffraction analysis of 1,9‐dihydro[1] benzothiopyrano[4,3‐c] pyrazole 5,5‐dioxide (1977)

Abstract The structure of 1,4‐rlihydro[1 ]benzothiopyrano[4,3‐c ]pyrazole 5,5‐dioxide was determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The molecule crystallizes in space group P2 1 /c with a = 13.4378(6), b = 5.5938(3), c = 12.9837(6)Å, and β = 103.831°. The final R value is 0.083. Surprisingly, the tautomer with N(2)‐H exists in the crystal with the pyrazole ring being planar. The entire system is not planar as the benzene ring is rotated about C(9a) and C(9b) with respect to the pyrazole ring. In the crystal structure the pyrazole exists as hydrogen‐bonded dimers with two molecules related by a center of symmetry.
Functional significance of the subcortical vascular syndrome in the rehabilitative setting (1994)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cortical versus subcortical and right versus left hemispheric vascular lesion site on rehabilitative functional status. Seventy patients were prospectively studied. A 2 × 2 ANOVA showed significant group differences with the cortical group being more impaired on both the initial admission and discharge Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores (F = 14.2, p < .0004 and F = 12.2, p < .0009, respectively). Analysis of the component FIM profile showed that the cortical group was relatively more impaired on measures of self-care, language, and social cognition, but not sphincter control or ambutation status. This general pattern also was similar at discharge with the exception of self-care. Left hemispheric lesion site was a strong predictor of language-related deficits. In addition, a Chi-square analysis showed that the cortical group had a greater frequency of unsafe behaviors requiring physical restraints. The implication of cortical versus subcortical lesion site was discussed relative to rehabilitative treatment planning.
Hyperhomocysteinemia is not associated with reduced bone quality in humans with hip osteoarthritis (2010)

The results of the present study do not indicate a significant relationship between circulating HCY concentrations and morphological or biomechanical bone properties in humans with OA of the hip.
Fe3O4@MoS2 Core-shell Magnetism Nanocomposite for Water Remediation through Highly Efficient and Selective Removal of Hg(II) Ions (2018)

An easily segregated adsorbent for highly efficient removal of mercuric (Hg(II)) ions from aqueous media remains a great challenge. Herein, A novel Fe3O4@MoS2 core-shell magnetism nanocomposite wit...
Loss of Osteoblast Runx3 Produces Severe Congenital Osteopenia (2015)

Congenital osteopenia is a bone demineralization condition that is associated with elevated fracture risk in human infants. Here we show that Runx3, like Runx2, is expressed in precommitted embryonic osteoblasts and that Runx3-deficient mice develop severe congenital osteopenia. Runx3-deficient osteoblast-specific (Runx3(fl/fl)/Col1α1-cre), but not chondrocyte-specific (Runx3(fl/fl)/Col1α2-cre), mice are osteopenic. This demonstrates that an osteoblastic cell-autonomous function of Runx3 is required for proper osteogenesis. Bone histomorphometry revealed that decreased osteoblast numbers and reduced mineral deposition capacity in Runx3-deficient mice cause this bone formation deficiency. Neonatal bone and cultured primary osteoblast analyses revealed a Runx3-deficiency-associated decrease in the number of active osteoblasts resulting from diminished proliferation and not from enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. These findings are supported by Runx3-null culture transcriptome analyses showing significant decreases in the levels of osteoblastic markers and increases in the levels of Notch signaling components. Thus, while Runx2 is mandatory for the osteoblastic lineage commitment, Runx3 is nonredundantly required for the proliferation of these precommitted cells, to generate adequate numbers of active osteoblasts. Human RUNX3 resides on chromosome 1p36, a region that is associated with osteoporosis. Therefore, RUNX3 might also be involved in human bone mineralization.
Fuzzy Controlled Parallel AC-DC Converter for PFC (2011)

Paralleling of converter modules is a well-known technique that is often used in medium-power applications to achieve the desired output power by using smaller size of high frequency transformers and inductors. In this paper, a parallel-connected single-phase PFC topology using flyback and forward converters is proposed to improve the output voltage regulation with simultaneous input power factor correction (PFC) and control. The goal of the control is to stabilize the output voltage of the converter against the load variations. The paper presents the derivation of fuzzy control rules for the dc/dc converter circuit and control algorithm for regulating the dc/dc converter. This paper presents a design example and circuit analysis for 200 W power supply. The proposed approach offers cost effective, compact and efficient AC/DC converter by the use of parallel power processing. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for implementation and simulation results show the performance improvement.
CrossCheck: an innovative testability solution (1993)

CrossCheck, an approach to the application-specific integrated circuit ASIC test problem that is based on embedding test structures into the base array of the ASIC, is discussed. With a specially designed storage element called the cross-controlled latch, CrossCheck combines controllability and observability to produce a highly testable ASIC having minimal area and performance overhead. CrossCheck is a designer-transparent solution that imposes none of the rules and restrictions of other design-for-testability (DFT) methodologies. In CrossCheck, test structures are embedded into the ASIC base, rather than added by the designer to the schematic as with scan or built-in self-test (BIST) methodologies. The built-in observability also offers easier debugging and diagnostics methods to the designer. Experimental results that demonstrate the potential of the CrossCheck method on a broad range of ASIC styles and sizes are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ANMP: ad hoc network management protocol (1999)

We present a protocol for managing mobile wireless ad hoc networks. The protocol uses hierarchical clustering of nodes to reduce the number of messages exchanged between the manager and the agents (mobiles). Clustering also enables the network to keep track of mobiles as they roam. The ad hoc network management protocol (ANMP) is fully compatible with simple management protocol, version 3 (SNMPv3) and uses the same protocol data units (PDUs) for data collection. The protocol also implements sophisticated security mechanisms that can be fine-tuned to meet specific requirements. Finally, we have implemented the protocol along with a graphical user interface that allows a manager to change the view or specify management parameters on the fly.
DUET (2013)

Automatic malware clustering plays a vital role in combating the rapidly growing number of malware variants. Most existing malware clustering algorithms operate on either static instruction features or dynamic behavior features to partition malware into families. However, these two distinct approaches have their own strengths and weaknesses in handling different types of malware. Moreover, different clustering algorithms and even multiple runs of the same algorithms may produce inconsistent or even contradictory results. To remedy this heterogeneity and lack of robustness of a single clustering algorithm, we propose a novel system called DUET by exploiting the complementary nature of static and dynamic clustering algorithms and optimally integrating their results. By using the concept of clustering ensemble, DUET combines partitions from individual clustering algorithms into a single consensus partition with better quality and robustness. DUET improves existing ensemble algorithms by incorporating cluster-quality measures to effectively reconcile differences and/or contradictions between base malware clusterings. Using real-world malware samples, we compare the performance of DUET (in terms of clustering precision, recall and coverage) with individual state-of-the-art static and dynamic clustering component. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate DUET's capability of improving the coverage of malware samples by 20--40% while keeping the precision near the optimum achievable by any individual clustering algorithm.
Chemoselective dehydrogenative esterification of aldehydes and alcohols with a dimeric rhodium(ii) catalyst (2016)

A dimeric rhodium( ii ) complex catalyses the chemoselective dehydrogenative esterification of aldehydes and alcohols.