gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A unified formulation of Gaussian vs. sparse stochastic processes - Part II: Discrete-domain theory (2011)

This paper is devoted to the characterization of an extended family of CARMA (continuous-time autoregressive moving average) processes that are solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by white Levy innovations. These are completely specified by: (1) a set of poles and zeros that fixes their correlation structure, and (2) a canonical infinitely-divisible probability distribution that controls their degree of sparsity (with the Gaussian model corresponding to the least sparse scenario). The generalized CARMA processes are either stationary or non-stationary, depending on the location of the poles in the complex plane. The most basic non-stationary representatives (with a single pole at the origin) are the Levy processes, which are the non-Gaussian counterparts of Brownian motion. We focus on the general analog-to-discrete conversion problem and introduce a novel spline-based formalism that greatly simplifies the derivation of the correlation properties and joint probability distributions of the discrete versions of these processes. We also rely on the concept of generalized increment process, which suppresses all long range dependencies, to specify an equivalent discrete-domain innovation model. A crucial ingredient is the existence of a minimally-supported function associated with the whitening operator L; this B-spline, which is fundamental to our formulation, appears in most of our formulas, both at the level of the correlation and the characteristic function. We make use of these discrete-domain results to numerically generate illustrative examples of sparse signals that are consistent with the continuous-domain model.
Fluidic control of nozzle flow - Some performance measurements (1995)

Results are presented of an experimental program that investigated the use of a secondary air stream to control the amount of flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle. These static tests utilized high pressure, ambient temperature air that was injected at the throat of the nozzle through an annular slot. Multiple injection slot sizes and injection angles were tested. The introduction of secondary flow was made in an opposing direction to the primary flow and the resulting flow field caused the primary stream to react as though the physical throat size had been reduced. The percentage reduction in primary flow rate was generally about twice the injected flow rate. The most effective throttling was achieved by injecting through the smallest slot in an orientation most nearly opposed to the approaching primary flow. Thrust edliciency, as measured by changes in nozzle thrust coefficient, was highest at high nozzle pressure ratios, NPR. The static test results agreed with predictions obtained prior from PABSD, a fully viscous computational fluid dynamics program. Since use of such an injection system on gas turbine engine exhaust nozzles would be primarily at high NPRs, it was concluded that fluidic control holds promise for reducing nozzle weight and complexity on future systems.
Percutaneous balloon valvotomy in tricuspid stenosis. (1987)

This report describes the first successful treatment of tricuspid stenosis by percutaneous double balloon valvotomy. There was a dramatic reduction of the tricuspid valve gradient, with an increase in calculated valve area, together with an increase in resting cardiac output and symptomatic relief. The feasibility of the non-surgical treatment of severe tricuspid stenosis was demonstrated unequivocally.
Constrained simulations of flow in haemodynamic devices: towards a computational assistance of magnetic resonance imaging measurements (2011)

Cardiovascular diseases, mostly related to atherosclerosis, are the major cause of death in industrial countries. It is observed that blood flow dynamics play an important role in the aetiology of atherosclerosis. Especially, the blood velocity distribution is an important indicator for predisposition regions. Today magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) delivers, in addition to the morphology of the cardiovascular system, blood flow patterns. However, the spatial resolution of the data is slightly less than 1 mm and owing to severe restrictions in magnetic field gradient switching frequencies and intensities, this limit will be very hard to overcome. In this paper, constrained fluid dynamics is applied within the smoothed particle hydrodynamics formalism to enhance the MRI flow data. On the one hand, constraints based on the known volumetric flow rate are applied. They prove the plausibility of the order of magnitude of the measurements. On the other hand, the higher resolution of the simulation allows one to determine in detail the flow field between the coarse data points and thus to improve their spatial resolution.
An Evaluation of the Insertion and Function of a New Supraglottic Airway Device, the King LT ™, During Spontaneous Ventilation (2006)

Trials of the King LT trade mark (LT, King Systems, Noblesville, IN) in controlled ventilation of the lungs have shown that it is an effective supraglottic airway device. We designed this study to evaluate the King LT regarding ease of insertion, position within the airway, and anatomic sealing properties during spontaneous ventilation in 50 ASA physical status I-III, Mallampati I-III, adult patients undergoing routine general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with up to 2 microg/kg fentanyl and 1.5-2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with 70% N2O/30%O2 and isoflurane. Insertion time, oropharyngeal leak pressures, fiberoptic position, and spirometry and hemodynamic data were recorded. Any complications were noted. Insertion was determined to be easy and a patent airway was achieved in all patients. First, second, and third attempt insertion rates were 86%, 12%, and 2%, respectively. Time to place the King LT trade mark was <5 s in 90% of cases. Baseline leak pressures were 31 +/- 8.8 cm H2O (17-50 cm H2O). Complications included laryngospasm (1) and coughing (3) on extubation. The incidence of sore throat at 1 h and 24 h postoperatively was 22% and 15%, respectively. The King LT trade mark is a simple and reliable supraglottic airway device for airway management during spontaneous ventilation.
Nitric Oxide and PGE-2 Cross-Talk in EGFR-Driven Epithelial Tumor Cells (2016)

Nitric oxide (NO) exerts physiopathological effects based mainly on its concentration. Thus, it facilitates or inhibits cancer-promoting characteristics. This review discusses the role of NO and its network of partners in tumor progression and angiogenesis: prostaglandin E 2 (PGE-2) and its producing enzymes, cyclooxigenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and cross-talk modulating NO effects by PGE-2 and EGFR and vice versa allows us to develop better therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Association of Obesity with Serum Leptin, Adiponectin, and Serotonin and Gut Microflora in Beagle Dogs (2014)

Decreased 5HT levels in obese group might increase the risk of obesity because of increased appetite. Microflora enriched with gram-negative might be related with chronic inflammation status in obese dogs.
Discovering Malware with Time Series Shapelets (2017)

Malicious software (‘malware’) detection systems are usually signature-based and cannot stop attacks by malicious files they have never encountered. To stop these attacks, we need statistical learning approaches to identify root patterns behind execution of malware. We propose a machine learning approach for detection of malware from portable executable (PE) files. We create an ‘entropy time series’ representation of the content of each file, and then apply a unique time series classification method (called ‘shapelets’) for identifying malware. The shapelet-based approach picks up local discriminative features from the entropy signals. Our approach is file format agnostic, can deal with varying lengths in input instances, and provides fast classification. We evaluate our method on an industrial dataset containing thousands of executable files, and comparison with state-of-the-art methods illustrates the performance of our approach. This work is the first to use time series shapelets for malware detection and information security applications.
Experimental Study on Fracturing and Proppant Setting in Unconsolidated Sand Formation (2022)

ABSTRACT: In the development of methane hydrates, the improvement to produce gas at commercial requirements is a current challenge. Hydraulic fracturing technology is a feasible way to increase permeability by forming artificial fractures. During the fracturing process, proppants are usually injected into induced fractures. These proppants keep the fractures open, thereby maintaining fractures permeability. However, the MH formation is unconsolidated and soft, unlike rock formation for which proppants are suitable. Currently, the understanding on the effectiveness of proppant is absent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of proppant and experimentally reproduced the process of hydraulic fracturing to create fractures and inject proppant . The experimental results of proppant stability evaluation showed that in the unconsolidated sand layer, proppant can play a certain role in maintaining the fracture opening, and it is difficult for the sand to invade the proppant layer. The proppant injection experiment showed that increasing the flow rate allowed the proppant to be injected more smoothly. 1. INTRODUCTION As a potential unconventional natural gas resource, methane hydrate has received a lot of attention. Currently, producing natural gas from methane hydrate is technically possible. Japan has conducted two offshore production trials in 2013 and 2017. In the second production trial, the two production wells produced at average rates of 3400 m3/day and 9200 m3/day, respectively (Yamamoto, 2019), below the minimum commercialization requirement of 50,000 m3/day estimated by MH21 (The Research Consortium for Methane Hydrate Resources in Japan). To produce methane gas from the methane hydrate (MH) reservoir, it is necessary to dissociate MH into methane gas and water. The depressurization method is an effective way for MH dissociation. This method will increase the pressure difference between the wellbore and the formation, resulting in consolidation of formation. Then, the permeability of these areas will decrease, which is not favorable for efficient methane gas production. Hydraulic fracturing is a feasible way to increase permeability by forming artificial fractures. The fracture extending from the production well to the surrounding ensures a flow path through the low permeability section. This significantly increases the drainage area, thereby increasing productivity. Fracturing usually was used in the hard and consolidated rock formations. MH-bearing formations are soft and unconsolidated sand and the properties of the formation are completely different from those of hard and consolidated rock. Therefore, the feasibility of fracturing in MH formation still needs further research.
Imaging of Cardiac Valves by Computed Tomography (2013)

This paper describes "how to" examine cardiac valves with computed tomography, the normal, diseased valves, and prosthetic valves. A review of current scientific literature is provided. Firstly, technical basics, "how to" perform and optimize a multislice CT scan and "how to" interpret valves on CT images are outlined. Then, diagnostic imaging of the entire spectrum of specific valvular disease by CT, including prosthetic heart valves, is highlighted. The last part gives a guide "how to" use CT for planning of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), an emerging effective treatment option for patients with severe aortic stenosis. A special focus is placed on clinical applications of cardiac CT in the context of valvular disease.
Transient Internal Probe diagnostic. Annual technical report No. 1, 15 Sep 90-14 Oct 91 (1991)

The Transient Internal Probe (TIP) diagnostic is a novel method for probing the interior of hot magnetic fusion plasmas that are inaccessible with ordinary stationary probes, by limiting the time that the probe is in the plasma, and by encasing the probe in a diamond cladding. In the TIP scheme, a probe is fired through a hot plasma at velocities in excess of 2.5 km/s, and makes direct, local measurements of the internal magnetic field structure. These measurements are relayed to the laboratory optical detection system, using an incident laser that is retroreflected through a Faraday rotator crystal payload that acs as a magneto-optic sensor. The individual tasks associated with the TIP development, construction a two-stage light gas gun, optical detection system and probe projectile, are currently being completed. Integration of these tasks is currently underway. It is expected that the integrated system will be functional in the first six months of 1992. A diamond ablation study has also been performed to measure the ablative effects of a hot plasma in contact with a diamond pellet. Studies are currently underway to develop a sabot stripping system, and to develop a vacuum interface between the TIP diagnostic and the plasma experiments'more » vacuum chamber.« less
Molecular Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrices Relevant to Tissue Spectroscopy¶ (2003)

In vivo and ex vivo studies of fluorescence from endogenous and exogenous molecules in tissues and cells are common for applications such as detection or characterization of early disease. A systematic determination of the excitation-emission matrices (EEM) of known and putative endogenous fluorophores and a number of exogenous fluorescent photodynamic therapy drugs has been performed in solution. The excitation wavelength range was 250-520 nm, with fluorescence emission spectra collected in the range 260-750 nm. In addition, EEM of intact normal and adenomatous human colon tissues are presented as an example of the relationship to the EEM of constituent fluorophores and illustrating the effects of tissue chromophore absorption. As a means to make this large quantity of spectral data generally available, an interactive database has been developed. This currently includes EEM and also absorption spectra of 35 different endogenous and exogenous fluorophores and chromophores and six photosensitizing agents. It is intended to maintain and extend this database in the public domain, accessible through the Photochemistry and Photobiology website (http://www.aspjournal. com/).
Chemistry of Mycinose: 6-Deoxy-2,3-Di-O-Methyl-D-Allose (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Mycinose: 6-Deoxy-2,3-Di-O-Methyl-D-AlloseHenry W. Dion, Peter W. K. Woo, and Quentin R. BartzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 5, 880–881Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00864a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00864a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Concentration fluctuations induced by orientation fluctuations in polybutadiene–4-cyano-4'-n-octylbiphenyl mixtures (2007)

The changes in concentration fluctuations of polymer–liquid crystal (LC) binary mixtures with temperature were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering in their one-phase region and in the isotropic state of the LC. The concentration fluctuations consist of two modes: an OZD mode expressed by the Ornstein–Zernike–Debye equation with a correlation length ξ and a DB mode expressed by the Debye–Buche equation with a correlation length l. The temperature dependence of the OZD mode exhibits critical phenomena similar to common binary mixtures. Under the condition where the LC molecules are oriented by an electric field, the OZD mode is insensitive to the orientation while the DB mode is enhanced perpendicular to the orientation direction. These results indicate that the DB mode is induced by the orientation of the LC molecules.
Real‐time analysis of the microstructural evolution and optical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films as a function of Cu content (2011)

Abstract Thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 with various copper contents were deposited by co‐evaporation onto thermally oxidized silicon substrates. Characterization by real‐time spectroscopic ellipsometry reveals clear similarities among the samples, as well as key variations with Cu content. Although all films exhibit a Volmer–Weber nucleation and similar fundamental critical point energies in the analysis of optical properties, Cu‐rich films exhibit enhanced coalescence, smoother surfaces, larger grain sizes, as well as a sub‐bandgap absorption which is absent in Cu‐poor films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contrasting space-time schemes for MIMO FSO systems with non-coherent modulation (2012)

For the case of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communication systems, we consider the suitability of the spatial multiplexing scheme when on-off keying modulation is employed. We show that, even with the optimal maximum likelihood detection at the receiver, the performance is worse, compared to the case of repetition coding (RC) under the condition of equal transmission rate. This confirms the quasi-optimality of the RC scheme for MIMO FSO systems.
Macronutrient intakes and serum oestrogen, and interaction with polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 genes: a cross-sectional study in postmenopausal Japanese women (2017)

Although higher circulating levels of oestrogen are related to postmenopausal breast cancer risk, limited information is available regarding effects of diet on endogenous oestrogen. Thus, we examined associations between macronutrient intakes and serum oestrogen with consideration of polymorphisms in oestrogen-metabolising genes. In this cross-sectional study, 784 naturally menopaused Japanese women aged 47-69 years were selected from participants of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We documented dietary intakes, measured serum concentrations of oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) and genotyped polymorphisms in oestrogen-metabolising CYP19A1 (rs4441215 and rs936306) and HSD17B1 (rs605059) genes. Trends and interactions were examined using linear regression models. In addition, we calculated the ratios of the oestrogen concentrations of the second to the highest quartiles (Q2-Q4) of dietary intake to those of the lowest quartiles (Q1). After adjustment for potential confounders, E2 was significantly associated with intake of carbohydrate and noodles; ratios of Q4 v. Q1 were 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·28) and 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·26), respectively. In contrast, E2 levels were inversely associated with intake of total energy, SFA and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA); ratios of Q4 v. Q1 were 0·90 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·98) and 0·91 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·00), respectively. In stratified analysis by polymorphisms, the rs605059 genotype of HSD17B1 significantly modified associations of E2 with intake of n-3 HUFA and fish; the associations were limited to those with the CC genotype. Macronutrient intakes were associated with serum E2 level, and these associations may be modified by HSD17B1 polymorphism in postmenopausal women.
Atherosclerosis Found on Carotid Ultrasonography Is Associated With Atherosclerosis on Coronary Intravascular Ultrasonography (2005)

The average of the maximum common carotid IMT was significantly correlated with left main coronary artery atherosclerosis evaluated by IVUS.
Selected Mapping with LPDC Codes Constructed by Modifed Progressive Edge Growth (2007)

The peak to mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) problem in multicarrier communications can be significantly reduced, if one of several alternative transmit sequences can be selected. We propose to combine this so-called ' <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Selected</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mapping</i> ' approach with the design of low density parity check (LPDC) codes which contain particular sequences within their code space and construct the respective parity check matrices with a variant of the ' <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Progressive</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Edge</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Growth</i> ' algorithm. This allows not only to exploit the power of LDPC codes, but also the simple generation of the transmit alternatives due to the linearity of the code and incorporation of explicit side information due to an invariant segment common to all used sequences.
Kinetics of Catalytic Ozonation of Oxalic Acid in Water with Activated Carbon (2002)

The ozonation kinetics of oxalic acid in water in the presence of an activated carbon has been investigated at acid pH. The presence of the activated carbon significantly enhances the degradation rate of oxalic acid if compared to single ozonation and single adsorption. According to total organic carbon measurements, nearly complete mineralization of oxalic acid can be achieved depending on the experimental conditions. The presence of tert-butyl alcohol, which scarcely adsorbs on the carbon surface at the conditions investigated, led to a significant reduction of the oxalic acid removal rate. Consequently, experimental results suggest that the reaction proceeds in the water phase between oxalic acid and oxidant species, likely hydroxyl radicals, coming from the ozone decomposition on the carbon surface. The proposed mechanism yielded a first-order kinetics with respect to ozone, close to the 0.8 order experimentally observed. Also, the energy of activation was found to be approximately 15 kcal mol-1.