gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of electromagnetic field exposure on gene transcription (1993)

Exposure of whole animals, isolated tissues, and cells to electromagnetic fields of various characteristics has resulted in a substantial literature detailing a wide range of effects at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to defining a mechanism by which electromagnetic fields can couple to biological systems and generate this plethora of effects. As a consequence, there has been a growing interest in electromagnetic field-induced alterations in gene expression. Key studies are discussed which indicate that exposure of several cell types to electromagnetic fields that differ in waveform, amplitude, and frequency induced general changes in gene transcription. Moreover, exposure of T-lymphoblastoid cells to a 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field altered the transcription of genes encoding c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and protein kinase C. Future studies in this area should focus on independent replication of key studies and identification of which events in the signal transduction pathways leading to gene transcription are altered by electromagnetic field exposure.
A randomized trial of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin with or without cisplatin in advanced ovarian carcinoma. A gynecologic oncology group study (1986)

A randomized clinical trial was conducted in women with bulky (suboptimal) Stage III and Stage IV ovarian carcinoma, using doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamide with or without cisplatin. There were 440 evaluable cases, of which 227 had measurable disease. One hundred twenty of these latter patients were treated with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (CA), while 107 received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin (CAP). The clinical complete response (CR) rate for CA was 26% (31/120) compared with 51% (55/107) for CAP (P = less than 0.0001). Of 23 CRs receiving CA who had a second-look laparotomy, only four were negative; of 39 CRs receiving CAP and a second-look, 13 were negative (not statistically significant). The response duration for patients with measurable disease (median 14.6 versus 8.8 months), progression-free interval for all patients (13.1 versus 7.7 months), and survival for patients with measurable disease (19.7 versus 15.7 months) showed a statistically significant advantage for CAP; however, there was no difference in survival of patients with nonmeasurable disease. Toxicity was more severe with CAP but was tolerable. Thus, the addition of cisplatin improves the chemotherapy of advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Nonlinear Repair of Reed-Solomon Codes (2021)

The problem of repairing linear codes and, in particular, Reed Solomon (RS) codes has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their extreme importance to distributed storage systems. In this problem, a failed code symbol (node) needs to be repaired by downloading as little information as possible from a subset of the remaining nodes. By now, there are examples of RS codes that have efficient repair schemes, and some even attain the cut-set bound. However, these schemes fall short in several aspects; they require a considerable field extension degree. They do not provide any nontrivial repair scheme over prime fields. Lastly, they are all linear repairs, i.e., the computed functions are linear over the base field. Motivated by these and by a question raised in [GW17] on the power of nonlinear repair schemes, we study the problem of nonlinear repair schemes of RS codes. Our main results are the first nonlinear repair scheme of RS codes with asymptotically optimal repair bandwidth (asymptotically matching the cut-set bound). This is the first example of a nonlinear repair scheme of any code and also the first example that a nonlinear repair scheme can outperform all linear ones. Lastly, we show that the cut-set bound for RS codes is not tight over prime fields by proving a tighter bound, using additive combinatorics ideas.
Radio wave diffraction during the passage of an acoustic shock through a sporadic E layer (1986)

Bistatic HF Doppler measurements of the ionospheric disturbance arising from a large ground level chemical explosion have revealed a peculiar HF return which begins at large positive Doppler (&gt; + 5Hz) and linearly evolves to large negative Doppler (&lt; ‐ 5 Hz). Various pieces of evidence in our data suggest we observed an HF wave which is diffracted from the intersection of the acoustic shock and an extensive plane of sporadic E ionization at 110 km. From these measurements we estimate the horizontal trace velocity of the locus of intersection.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multiple Lithiation Processes of Fused Heterocycles. (2015)

Abstract A highly efficient process which includes successive regioselective lithiation/electrophilic trapping is evaluated and applied to the heterocyclic substrate (I).
Establishment and characterization of SV40 T-antigen immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells. (1991)

Normal human esophageal autopsy tissue was explanted in serum-free medium. The epithelial outgrowths were subcultured and then transfected by strontium phosphate coprecipitation with plasmid pRSV-T consisting of the RSV-LTR promoter and the sequence encoding the simian virus 40 large T-antigen. The transfected cells, but not the sham-transfected controls, formed multilayered colonies within 3-4 weeks, after which the colonies were transferred and cell strains (HE-451 and HE-457) developed. Both cell strains grew exponentially for 8-10 weeks and then senesced. After a "crisis" of 6-8 months, growth resumed in isolated colonies. One line, HET-1A from HE-457, was developed and has now undergone more than 250 population doublings. This line has retained epithelial morphology, stains positively for cytokeratins and the simian virus 40 T-antigen gene by immunofluorescence, and has remained nontumorigenic in athymic, nude mice for more than 12 months. Karyotypic analysis by Giemsa banding has shown that HET-1A is hypodiploid (34-40 chromosomes). Growth factor studies have shown that HET-1A is stimulated by Ca2+, and inhibited by fetal bovine serum, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and transforming growth factor-beta 2. This serum-free immortalized esophageal cell system will be useful for investigating the action of putative esophageal carcinogens.
In vivo Analysis of Hippocampal Subfield Atrophy in Mild Cognitive Impairment via Semi-Automatic Segmentation of T2-Weighted MRI (2012)

The measurement of hippocampal volumes using MRI is a useful in-vivo biomarker for detection and monitoring of early Alzheimer's disease (AD), including during the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) stage. The pathology underlying AD has regionally selective effects within the hippocampus. As such, we predict that hippocampal subfields are more sensitive in discriminating prodromal AD (i.e., a-MCI) from cognitively normal controls than whole hippocampal volumes, and attempt to demonstrate this using a semi-automatic method that can accurately segment hippocampal subfields. High-resolution coronal-oblique T2-weighted images of the hippocampal formation were acquired in 45 subjects (28 controls and 17 a-MCI (mean age: 69.5 ± 9.2; 70.2 ± 7.6)). CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4/DG subfields, along with head and tail regions, were segmented using an automatic algorithm. CA1 and CA4/DG segmentations were manually edited. Whole hippocampal volumes were obtained from the subjects' T1-weighted anatomical images. Automatic segmentation produced significant group differences in the following subfields: CA1 (left: p = 0.001, right: p = 0.038), CA4/DG (left: p = 0.002, right: p = 0.043), head (left: p = 0.018, right: p = 0.002), and tail (left: p = 0.019). After manual correction, differences were increased in CA1 (left: p < 0.001, right: p = 0.002), and reduced in CA4/DG (left: p = 0.029, right: p = 0.221). Whole hippocampal volumes significantly differed bilaterally (left: p = 0.028, right: p = 0.009). This pattern of atrophy in a-MCI is consistent with the topography of AD pathology observed in postmortem studies, and corrected left CA1 provided stronger discrimination than whole hippocampal volume (p = 0.03). These results suggest that semi-automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields is efficient and may provide additional sensitivity beyond whole hippocampal volumes.
Gaussian random number generators (2007)

Rapid generation of high quality Gaussian random numbers is a key capability for simulations across a wide range of disciplines. Advances in computing have brought the power to conduct simulations with very large numbers of random numbers and with it, the challenge of meeting increasingly stringent requirements on the quality of Gaussian random number generators (GRNG). This article describes the algorithms underlying various GRNGs, compares their computational requirements, and examines the quality of the random numbers with emphasis on the behaviour in the tail region of the Gaussian probability density function.
High power high voltage gain interleaved DC-DC boost converter application (2015)

DC-DC converter is usually an important part in many industrial applications. Especially, high power and high voltage gain DC-DC converter is now required in Fuel Cell Vehicle applications. This paper presents a high power high voltage gain interleaved DC-DC converter. It is a kind of non-isolated boost converter, which will raise a DC voltage of 120 V to a voltage of 700 V. The rating power of the converter may be at 60 kW. There are four modules of DC boost converter in this converter topology. All four modules are connected in parallel and controlled by 90 phase shifting degree to each other. The converter topology will be simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The classical PI controller is selected for each current loop. Experiments on this converter are conducted based on a novel test bench, which uses a boost converter and a buck converter to form an energy cycle. Then experimental results will be studied in the lab for this converter.
Development of low-cost polish-less optical multifiber backplane connector (2013)

We developed a novel low-cost polish-less elastically deformable optical multifiber backplane connector. The ferrule deformation and fibers buckling were enabled to cancel the variation in the lengths of unpolished cut fibers. We confirmed the physical contact connection between unpolished cut fibers in the ferrule and a polymer waveguide in a connector for polymer-waveguides connected with mechanical transfer connector (PMT) ferrule. The connection loss is almost the same as that between a conventional polished mechanical transfer (MT) ferrule and the PMT ferrule. We prepared a connector housing to mount the ferrules on a backplane/midplane. The insertion loss and return loss results in the housing show no degradations during 200 mating/demating tests, and there were no fiber breakages or damage to the waveguide core.
High-detectivity GaAs quantum well infrared detectors with peak responsivity at 8.2 μm (1990)

GaAs quantum well infrared detectors with peak responsivity at 8.2 μm and significant response beyond 10 μm have been demonstrated with detectivities of 4×1011 cm (Hz)1/2 /W at 6 K; this detectivity is the highest reported for a quantum well detector. The detectors comprised 50 GaAs quantum wells of width 40 Å with an average Si doping density of 1×1018 cm−3 separated by 280-Å barriers of Al0.28Ga0.72As. In this design, the state to which electrons are excited by infrared absorption and from which they are subsequently collected lies in the continuum above the energy of the Al0.28Ga0.72As conduction-band minimum. The maximum detector responsivity was mesured to be 0.34 A/W. The device dark current density is 5.5×10−6 A/cm2 with the detector biased for maximum detectivity (3.5 V), and the dark current remains constant with increasing temperature up to 50 K. The detector noise current was observed to be a constant fraction (70%) of the shot noise down to noise currents of 10−14 A/(Hz)1/2. A theoretical model for the dark conduction process in a quantum well detector has been developed which successfully predicts the observed dark current noise.
Strategic Sourcing and Collaborative Planning in Internet-Enabled Supply Chain Networks Producing Multigeneration Products (2005)

The design and planning of supply chain networks supporting production and distribution of multiple product generations overlapping with each other is of critical importance in the high-tech industry. We address the strategic supply chain network design problem in rapidly changing industry segments, where the selection of partners such as component suppliers, contract manufacturers and logistics providers is done, based on the capabilities of the partners for supporting the strategic needs of the current and near future generations of a finished product. We develop a mixed integer-programming model for integrated planning and scheduling across the supply chain and show how such a model may be used for making decisions related to introduction and rollovers of finished products and components from one generation to another. We assume that all stakeholders in the supply chain collaborate and share information on their capacities, schedules and cost structures. Based on this information the model addresses the issue of partner selection and planning for optimal profit. The model was solved using optimization tools from ILOG. Managerial insights are obtained by performing a series of simulated experiments on the model developed. For example, we show that an expensive supplier possessing the ability to develop and supply components required across a number of generations, might be preferred against a cheaper supplier supplying components suitable for a specific generation of the product. In addition, we show how the supply chain network configuration changes over the lifecycle of the product, wherein cheaper overseas suppliers slowly replace responsive and expensive local suppliers as the product matures. We also develop a framework to quantify and compare the costs and benefits of pursuing alternative product introduction plans and deadlines. Such a framework might be employed to determine the optimal product introduction schedule. We show here that in some cases it might not be profitable to launch a product in the market after a certain period of time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Potentiometric and 31P NMR Investigations of the Ionization State and Complexation Properties of Inositol‐Phosphates: Biological Consequences (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solid Phase Host−Guest Properties of Cyclodextrins and Calixarenes Covalently Attached to a Polysilsesquioxane Matrix (2002)

A new family of silicon-based polymers has been prepared with covalently bound hosts. The polymer is a polysilsesquioxane formed by the sol−gel process, and the hosts are cyclodextrins (CD) or calixarenes (CX). The organic and silicon structures are supported by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The nanoporous polymer is relatively stable to a variety of aqueous conditions. It is a water-insoluble material, which binds with and extracts both organic compounds and metal cations from water. The polymer containing the guests is then removed by filtration. The objective achieved can be either removal of impurities from water or recovery of materials dissolved in water. The CD-based polymer may be renewed by treatment with ethanol. Its binding ability is equal or superior to that of other available materials such as activated charcoal.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Symptomatik der COPD und deren Einfluss auf die Diagnostik kardialer Komorbiditäten (2021)

Hintergründe: Bei der Chronisch Obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) gibt geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Prävalenz von Komorbiditäten und in Bezug auf die Symptomäusserung. Wir prüften im Rahmen der COSYCONET-Studie ob sich auch in den Beziehungen von Lungenfungenfunktion, Komorbiditäten und Symptomatik geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede zeigen und ob sich hieraus Hinweise für die Diagnostik von kardialen Komorbiditäten ergeben.
Small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) gene from Clostridium perfringens can replace the gene for the Bacillus subtilis scRNA in both growth and sporulation (1995)

Small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved signal-recognition-particle-like RNA family. Using a DNA fragment of Bacillus subtilis scRNA gene as a probe, we cloned and characterized a Clostridium perfringens gene encoding the scRNA. Mapping the 5' and 3' ends of scRNA revealed that C. perfringens scRNA consists of 269 nucleotides: the sequence has about 70% primary sequence homology with B. subtilis scRNA. The predicted secondary structure appeared to be similar to that of B. subtilis scRNA, indicating that there are domains I and II in C. perfringens scRNA, in addition to domain IV. Functional analysis showed that C. perfringens scRNA could compensate for vegetative growth and allow the formation of heat-resistant spores in an scRNA-depleted B. subtilis strain, whereas Escherichia coli 4.5S RNA could not maintain sporulation. Since both E. coli 4.5S RNA and C. perfringens scRNA have the same binding specificity to B. subtilis Ffh protein, the difference in complementation activity reflects the function of domains I and II.
The Benefits of Constructing Leads from Fragment Hits (2011)

'Fragments' refer to particularly small molecular starting points in medicinal chemistry. The small size of fragments requires adapted techniques for their screening and subsequent elaboration. The detection of the weak binding affinity of fragments for their target, and associated screening issues, have been debated at length. Since it is now clear that fragments can be developed into clinical candidates, the discussion is shifting to the design of good-quality lead compounds from fragment hits. The increasing ability to control and tailor this construction process highlights the potential benefits of fragment-based drug discovery.
OPERATING UNDER DIFFERENT RAILWAY SUPPLY VOLTAGES GTO CEOPPER FOR INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY CARS (1991)

For a turn-off network of a GTO chopper used in railway car supplies a simulation considering also the reverse current of the semiconductor devices is presented. For the relevant calculations matrix calculus is used. The simulation allows, together with the measurements, an analysis of the parasitic effects in the snubber network and a relatively exact loss estimation. These effects are very important for the exact dimensioning of the protective circuit, i.e. of the turn-off network. Selected and characteristic results of both measurements and simulations are shown. In an Appendix a subset of necessary system ma_trices and the disturbance vectors are shown.
Fluid shielding of low frequency convected sources by arbitrary jets (1975)

A low frequency asymptotic theory is proposed for the shielding of noise by jets of arbitrary cross-section. The results of the theory provide a qualitative explanation for the appearance of the quiet and noisy planes of a slot jet. The arguments in favour of this explanation are derived from a model problem in which a pulsating mass source is convecting along the axis of an infinitely long column of fluid of arbitrary cross-section. The jet velocity is represented by a uniform velocity profile (i.e. slug flow). The method of matched asymptotic expansions is applied to derive expressions for the acoustic pressure and the radiative power of the source. The solution for the elliptic jet indicates that the radiative power in the horizontal plane (containing the major axis) is less than that in the vertical plane (containing the minor axis). This difference in power varies with source Strouhal number and jet Mach number. The effects of jet temperature are also included in the analysis. The theoretical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental findings for slot nozzles. The theory indicates that the noise shielding offered by jets is negligible at low frequencies and low Mach numbers.
Mandate to Protect Patients from Health Care–Associated Influenza (2010)

Advice is judged by results, not by intentions.-Cicero Hell isn't merely paved with good intentions, it is walled and roofed with them.-Aldous HuxleyThe admonishment to those in the healing arts to avoid harming patients dates back to the Hippocratic Corpus, 12300 years ago.In the past decade, the patient safety movement has gained momentum, precipitated by the Institute of Medicine Report "To Err is Human" [1].Health care workers can and do transmit influenza to vulnerable patients, leading to illness, deaths, and nosocomial outbreaks [2,3].The risk is compounded by the high rate of asymptomatic infection among health care workers and their dedication to their patients and their coworkers, leading them to often work with mild to moderate symptoms [4,5].Influenza vaccine is, at best, modestly effective for some patients at the highest risk of influenza, including
Analysis of ultrasonic differentiation of three dimensional corners, edges and planes (2003)

The principle of a simple acoustic sensor system using three Polaroid transducers which can identify a plane, an edge, and a corner is discussed. Vector analysis of reflections involving one, two, and three mirror-like orthogonal surfaces is presented. An algorithm to distinguish a corner from an edge using the triangular three-transceiver system is described, and computer simulated results are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modeling Data Sources (2017)

Data are supposed to be used in the service of accomplishing business goals. This chapter introduces a framework that establishes links between an organization's business goals and its information system (IS). The framework relies on the User Requirements Notation (URN) and jUCMNav, a free Eclipse-based tool for analyzing and managing URN models, to model business scenarios, the stakeholders involved, their intentions in terms of organizational objectives, tasks they perform, and the IS that supports these objectives. The chapter describes the overall mapping process and then concludes with an applied scenario from a public-sector organization in which a portion of its business objectives was mapped to underlying data sources. Moreover, the linkages between and among the data sources, tasks to be done, and goals related to those tasks are also explicitly modeled. It is difficult to manage data well without having a good understanding of the value of the data sources being developed or maintained.
Stretchable and Reversibly Deformable Radio Frequency Antennas Based on Silver Nanowires (2014)

We demonstrate a class of microstrip patch antennas that are stretchable, mechanically tunable, and reversibly deformable. The radiating element of the antenna consists of highly conductive and stretchable material with screen-printed silver nanowires embedded in the surface layer of an elastomeric substrate. A 3-GHz microstrip patch antenna and a 6-GHz 2-element patch array are fabricated. Radiating properties of the antennas are characterized under tensile strain and agree well with the simulation results. The antenna is reconfigurable because the resonant frequency is a function of the applied tensile strain. The antenna is thus well suited for applications like wireless strain sensing. The material and fabrication technique reported here could be extended to achieve other types of stretchable antennas with more complex patterns and multilayer structures.
Biomarkers of sepsis: time for a reappraisal (2020)

The number of biomarkers being identified is still increasing although at a slower rate than in the past. Most of the biomarkers have not been well-studied; in particular, the clinical role of these biomarkers needs to be better evaluated.