gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Drilling Performance by Applying Advanced Dynamics Models (2001)

Abstract Drilling dynamics models play an important role in drilling performance optimization. These models can be classified as engineering tools or research tools, depending on functionality. Engineering tools are designed for everyday use; they provide estimates of important parameters for planning purposes, such as natural frequencies and buckling loads. Research tools describe the physics of the problem more completely, and thus are more powerful. They allow complex phenomena to be studied in great detail, but require a greater investment of time and effort. Both types of models require validation, either through laboratory testing or controlled field tests. Once confidence in the models is established they can be used in a number of ways, including component design, bottom hole assembly (BHA) design, and investigation of component contributions to overall drilling system performance. Application of advanced dynamics models within one major service company has provided some valuable lessons. Examples include: (1) polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit designs can be adjusted to minimize impact damage to cutters; (2) roller cone designs can be adjusted to reduce off-center running tendencies; (3) BHA stabilization can be optimized to protect sensitive downhole equipment; (4) BHA designs that are unstable can cause rapid bit destruction; (5) operating parameters can be adjusted to improve performance of sub-optimal drilling systems. Case studies from disparate drilling applications around the world have demonstrated that performance can be improved by applying lessons learned from advanced dynamics models. Operators have experienced significant savings in rig time stemming from reduced tool failure frequency and increased drilling efficiency. Greater tool longevity and reduced maintenance costs have also benefited the service company.
Poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) based high-performance electroactive polymers (2003)

This paper reports two classes of electroactive polymers developed recently which exhibit very high strain and elastic energy density. In the first class of the electroactive polymer, i.e., the defects modified poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) polymers, an electrostrictive strain of more than 7% and an elastic energy density above 1 J/cm<sup>3</sup> can be induced under a field of 150 MV/m. The large electrostrictive strain in this class of polymers originates from the local molecular conformation change between the trans-gauche bonds and all trans bonds, which accompanies the field induced transformation from the non-polar phase to the polar phase. The second class of the polymer is an all organic composite, which shows a very high dielectric constant (&gt;400) and high strain induced with a low applied field (2% strain under 13 MV/m). The strain is proportional to the applied field and the composite has an elastic modulus near 1 GPa.
Large scale micropatterning of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite polymer on highly flexible 12×24 inch substrates (2011)

We present the large scale micro-pattering of an electrically conducting multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite polymer prepared by high frequency (42 kHz) ultrasonic agitation of MWCNTs in the PDMS polymer matrix. Large scale micropatterning of the MWCNT-PDMS nanocomposite is achieved via soft lithography employing a 12" &times; 24" poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA, commercially known as Plexiglass) micromold. The process has a 20µm minimum feature size. The PMMA micromold is fabricated by laser ablating 5-mm thick, 12" &times; 24" sheets using the Universal Laser System's VersaLASER© laser cutter system which employs a CO<sub>2</sub> laser. We have characterized and compared the resistivity of 1cm &times; 0.5cm &times; 0.5cm MWCNT-PDMS structures with varying weight percentage (wt-%) of MWCNT (1-10% wt%) in the PDMS matrix with a result that the percolation threshold is achieved at 2 wt-%. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability to fabricate large numbers of microelectrodes with a length of 3.0 cm, width of 500µm, and height of 400µm. The resistivity of these electrodes was found to be equal to 9.93&Omega;m with a deviation of approximately 10%, indicating uniformity across large areas of the substrate. We have also demonstrated a large scale 12" &times; 24 hybrid microfabrication process for combining micromolded MWCNT-PDMS nanocomposite microstructures with nonconductive PDMS polymer.
Interaction of maleic acid with thiol compounds (1938)

IT was observed by one of us (E. J. M.) that the titratable SH of glutathione was greatly decreased by incubation with maleic acid in absence or in presence of oxygen at pH 7x4 and 370 (but not with fumaric acid). Thiolacetic acid and cysteine behaved similarly to glutathione. The results contained in this paper show that the disappearance of the SH-groups is due to the circumstance that each of the three substances studied yields an addition compound with maleic acid in the formation of which these groups are involved. The kinetics of such reactions show points of special interest.
Cost vs. Quality in ATV Receivers (1997)

ACATS and ATSC have proposed formats for advanced television which have cost and quality implications for various types of receivers. DemoGraFX has an alternative approach to advanced television, which optimizes a different class of receivers. — The cost and quality issues for each type of advanced television format, on each type of receiver, are explored and analyzed. — Issues which arise are motion analysis, de-interlacing, frame rate conversions, aspect ratio conversions, and colorimetry conversions. For ATV formats which have non-square pixel spacing (as proposed in ACATS SDTV formats), the pixel spacing adjustment is also needed. — Decoding performance, and associated computation, are also an issue. When decoded formats don't match display formats, decoder and encoder tradeoffs have implications in the conversion processing. — These and other issues in receiver quality and cost are examined.
The Energy Flow Management and Battery Energy Capacity Determination for the Drive Train of Electrically Peaking Hybrid Vehicle (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, the configuration of a parallel hybrid vehicle, called electrically peaking hybrid (ELPH) vehicle is introduced. Several operation modes of the engine and electric motor and different control strategies are analyzed. The results show that, with proper selection of the drivetrain parameters, the vehicle can satisfy the urban and highway driving with a small internal combustion engine, a small battery pack and a single gear transmission. Moreover, the vehicle does not need to charge the battery pack from the electricity network for keeping its battery SOC at a reasonable level.&lt;/div&gt;
Highly selective adsorption of uranium in strong HNO3 media achieved on a phosphonic acid functionalized nanoporous polymer (2017)

The competition between uranium and other metal ions is one of the greatest challenges for recovery of uranium in strong HNO<sub>3</sub> media.
Predicted Configurations of Oligosaccharide Extensions in the Lipooligosaccharide of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Isolates (2014)

Lipooligosaccharide configurations were predicted in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates based on the presence of seven oligosaccharide extension-initiating genes (or alleles). Predicted configurations with 2 to 3 oligosaccharide extensions were more prevalent among middle ear than throat strains. In addition, strains with these configurations averaged higher levels of serum resistance than strains with other configurations.
Ascorbic acid for the common cold. A prophylactic and therapeutic trial (1975)

Three hundred eleven employees of the National Institutes of Health volunteered to take 1 gm of ascorbic acid or lactose placebo in capsules three times a day for nine months. At the onset of a cold, the volunteers were given an additional 3 gm daily of either a placebo or ascorbic acid. One hundred ninety volunteers completed the study. Dropouts were defined as those who missed at least one month of drug ingestion. They represented 44% of the placebo group and 34% of those taking ascorbic acid. Analysis of these data showed that ascorbic acid had at best only a minor influence on the duration and severity of colds, and that the effects demonstrated might be explained equally well by a break in the double blind. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1038-1042, 1975)
An Efficient Total Synthesis of (±)-Stemonamine (2008)

An efficient first approach to the Stemona alkaloid (+/-)-Stemonamine has been developed on the basis of a key TiCl4 promoted tandem Semipinacol rearrangement/Schmidt reaction and a Dieckmann condensation reaction.
Semantically enabled data mashups using ontology learning method for Web APIs (2012)

Data mashups enable users to create new applications by combining Web APIs from several data sources. However, the existing data mashup framework requires some programming knowledge, hence it is not suitable for use by non-expert users. In this paper, we present an ontology learning method that builds semantic ontologies automatically, and propose an interactive composition approach based on a similarity search method that supports the dynamic composition of APIs. These techniques allow mashup developers to automate the discovery and composition of Web APIs eliminating the need for programmer involvement.
Resurfacing of Pitted Facial Scars with a Pulsed Er:YAG Laser (1997)

BACKGROUND. Laser resurfacing has beneficial effects for the treatment of several skin conditions. Recently, the pulsed Er: YAG laser has been shown to be a hightly effective treatment for several kinds of fitted facial scars. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pulsed Er. YAG laser skin resurfacing for pitted facial scars. METHODS. Four patients with small pox scars, five patients with chicken pox scars, and 21 patients with acne scars were included in this study. All patients were skin type III and IV. All patients were instructed to use tretinoin cream 0.05% nightly for 2—4 weeks prior to the laser treatment. The pulsed Er:YAG laser with 2-mm handpiece at the setting of 500 mj/pulse, 3.5–4.5 W was used. Two weeks after laser treatment, topical application of hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0,05%, and hydrocortisone 1% cream was recommended for 2–4 weeks. Facial photographs were obtained at baseline and 2-week intervals pastopemtively with a 35-mm single lense reflex camera equipped with a lense mounted ring flash. The results of treatment were evaluated for the changes of skin texture and color at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. Three patients with acne scars agreed to skin biopsy. Results. Three months after laser treatment, all patients with small pox and chicken pox scars were improved about 55%, and patients with acne scars were improved about 40% on average. CONCLUSION. Pulsed Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing is an effective and safe treatment for pitted facial scars.
Purcell enhancement of fluorescence from silicon-vacancy color centers in Mie-resonant luminescent diamond particles (2021)

Abstract Over the past two decades, nanosized diamond particles with various luminescent defects have found numerous applications in many areas from quantum technologies to medical science. The size and shape of diamond particles can affect drastically the luminescence of embedded color centers. Here we study diamond particles of 250–450 nm in size containing silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers. Using dark-field scattering spectroscopy, we found that fundamental Mie resonances are excited in the spectral range of interest. We then measured the fluorescence saturation curves under continuous excitation to estimate the effects of the excitation and Purcell factor enhancement on the luminescent properties of the studied particles. The results show that the saturation excitation intensity differs by several times for particles of different sizes which is well explained by the numerical model that takes into account both the Parcell factor enhancement and resonant excitation.
16 Post-traumatic Degenerative Arthrosis in the Manubriosternal Joint (1969)

LITCHMAN, HENRY M. M.D.; SILVER, CAROLL M. M.D.; SIMON, STANLEY D. M.D.; TAMURA, HISASHI M.D. Author Information
Correspondence on "Controlling the Curie temperature in (Ga,Mn)As through location of the Fermi level within the impurity band" by M. Dobrowolska et al (2012)

Comment on the recent Nature Materials article by M. Dobrowolska et al., arXiv:1203.1852. We present experimental data showing that the Curie temperature and conductivity of high quality (Ga,Mn)As samples are maximized at low compensation, and thus the magnetic order in (Ga,Mn)As is not consistent with the isolated impurity band scenario.
Interplay between the MexA-MexB-OprM multidrug efflux system and the outer membrane barrier in the multiple antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000)

MexAB-OprM is a constitutively expressed multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using isogenic pump mutants, the contributions of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and the outer membrane barrier to multiple antibiotic resistance were evaluated by assessing the influence of pump inactivation and outer membrane permeabilization on antibiotic susceptibility. Both pump inactivation and increased outer membrane permeability enhanced antibiotic susceptibility, although maximal susceptibility was achieved when the two were combined. Thus, inhibition of antibiotic efflux pumps and permeabilization of the outer membrane constitute an effective approach to reversing the antibiotic resistance of this organism.
Introduction (2011)

Energy, water, affordable healthcare and global warming are four major concerns globally resulting from resource depletion, record high oil prices, clean water shortages, high costs of pharmaceuticals, and changing climate conditions. Among many potential solutions, advance in membrane technology is one of the most direct, effective and feasible approaches to solve these sophisticated issues.
Prospective analysis of rural-urban differences in demographic patterns and outcomes following total joint replacement (2014)

In our series of 1955 patients undergoing total hip and knee joint replacement surgery, rural patients presented at a younger age and an earlier stage of disease progression. At 24 months, rural patients had pain and functional outcomes as good as their urban counterparts. More research is required to determine which factors lead to the early presentation of rural patients.
Exponential Convergence of RLS Adaptive Algorithms (1988)

Firstly, it is pointed out that exponential convergence for a certain adaptive algorithm of constant-trace-gain type can be easily proved. Secondly, but as main contribution of this short paper, the general conditions, a tight upper bound and a simple proof of exponential convergence for a generalized recursive least squares algorithm are given.
Smart Reminder - Personal Assistance in a Mobile Computing Environment (2002)

In this paper, we describe the Smart Reminder agent that we developed using our CIA personal agent framework. We first motivate the need for personal assistance and how this need led us to the development of the CIA agent framework. Smart Reminder is composed of a set of personal agents that support their user in all situations where people come together spontaneously, e.g. an encounter on a corridor.
Potential of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells from Different Sources for Spinal Cord Repair (2013)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a permanent disability in patients. To this day no curative treatment can be proposed to restore lost functions. Therefore, extensive experimental studies have been conducted to induce recovery after SCI. One of the most promising therapies is based on the use of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). OECs can be obtained from either the olfactory bulbs (OB-OECs) or from olfactory mucosa (OM-OECs), involving a less invasive approach for autotransplantation. However the vast majority of experimental transplantations have been focusing on OB-OECs although the OM represents a more accessible source of OECs. Importantly, the ability of OM-OECs in comparison to OB-OECs to induce spinal cord recovery in the same lesion paradigm has never been described. We here present data using a multiparametric approach, based on electrophysiological, behavioral, histological and magnetic resonance imaging experiments on the repair potential of OB-OECs and OM-OECs from either primary or purified cultures after a severe model of SCI. Our data demonstrate that transplantation of OECs obtained from OB or OM induces electrophysiological and functional recovery, reduces astrocyte reactivity and glial scar formation and improves axonal regrowth. We also show that the purification step is essential for OM-OECs while not required for OB-OECs. Altogether, our study strongly indicates that transplantation of OECs from OM represents the best benefit/risk ratio according to the safety of access of OM and the results induced by transplantations of OM-OECs. Indeed, purified OM-OECs in addition to induce recovery can integrate and survive up to 60 days into the spinal cord. Therefore, our results provide strong support for these cells as a viable therapy for SCI.
Cardioprotective Effects of Telmisartan against Heart Failure in Rats Induced By Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis through the Modulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7/Mas Receptor Axis (2011)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is a homolog of ACE that preferentially forms angiotensin-(ANG)-1-7 from angiotensin II (ANG II). We investigated the cardioprotective effects of telmisartan, a well-known angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) against experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). EAM was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with porcine cardiac myosin. The rats were divided into two groups and treated with telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 21 days. Myocardial functional parameters were significantly improved by treatment with telmisartan compared with vehicle-treated rats. Telmisartan lowered myocardial protein expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits 3-nitrotyrosine, p47phox, p67 phox, Nox-4 and superoxide production significantly than vehicle-treated rats. In contrast myocardial protein levels of ACE-2, ANG 1-7 mas receptor were upregulated in the telmisartan treated group compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. The myocardial protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF)-2, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 were decreased in the telmisartan treated rats compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. In addition, telmisartan treatment significantly decreased the protein expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-JNK, phospho-ERK and phospho (MAPK) activated protein kinase-2 than with those of vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, telmisartan significantly decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines, myocardial apoptotic markers and caspase-3 positive cells compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Therefore, we suggest that telmisartan was beneficial protection against heart failure in rats, at least in part by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, ER stress as well as signaling pathways through the modulation of ACE2/ANG1-7/Mas receptor axis.
Application design for a smart watch with a high resolution display (2002)

Advances in technology have made it possible to package a reasonably powerful processor and memory subsystem coupled with an ultra high-resolution display and wireless communication into a wrist watch. This introduces a set of challenges in the nature of input devices, navigation, applications, power management, and other areas. This paper describes a platform we have developed and the decisions we have made about how to address these challenges.
Practical partial evaluation (1995)

Partial evaluation techniques have been known to yield order of magnitude speedups of real-world applications. Despite this tremendous potential, partial evaluators are rarely put to practical use. This is primarily because it is not easy for users to extend partial evaluators to work on their specific applications. This thesis describes Blitzkrieg, a user-extensible online partial evaluator designed to make partial evaluation more accessible to a wider class of users and applications. Blitzkrieg uses an object system to simplify the implementation of the partial evaluation system and to allow users to easily express their own domain-specific optimizations. The viability of Blitzkrieg is shown by applying it to the Stormer integrator on a 6-body problem (achieving a factor of 610 speedup) and the Runge-Kutta integrator on the same problem (a factor of 365.5 speedup). In addition, the flexibility of the approach is demonstrated by applying Blitzkrieg to handle port input programs, ac...
Discovery of 2-(2-Oxo-1-phenyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (Perampanel): A Novel, Noncompetitive α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Antagonist (2012)

Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and numerous other neurological diseases. Here we describe the discovery of a series of 1,3,5-triaryl-1H-pyridin-2-one derivatives as noncompetitive antagonists of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. The structure-activity relationships for this series of compounds were investigated by manipulating individual aromatic rings located at positions 1, 3, and 5 of the pyridone ring. This culminated in the discovery of 2-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (perampanel, 6), a novel, noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist that showed potent activity in an in vitro AMPA-induced Ca2+ influx assay (IC50=60 nM) and in an in vivo AMPA-induced seizure model (minimum effective dose of 2 mg/kg po). Perampanel is currently in regulatory submission for partial-onset seizures associated with epilepsy.
A Survey on Consensus Mechanisms and Mining Strategy Management in Blockchain Networks (2019)

The past decade has witnessed the rapid evolution in blockchain technologies, which has attracted tremendous interests from both the research communities and industries. The blockchain network was originated from the Internet financial sector as a decentralized, immutable ledger system for transactional data ordering. Nowadays, it is envisioned as a powerful backbone/framework for decentralized data processing and data-driven self-organization in flat, open-access networks. In particular, the plausible characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and self-organization are primarily owing to the unique decentralized consensus mechanisms introduced by blockchain networks. This survey is motivated by the lack of a comprehensive literature review on the development of decentralized consensus mechanisms in blockchain networks. In this paper, we provide a systematic vision of the organization of blockchain networks. By emphasizing the unique characteristics of decentralized consensus in blockchain networks, our in-depth review of the state-of-the-art consensus protocols is focused on both the perspective of distributed consensus system design and the perspective of incentive mechanism design. From a game-theoretic point of view, we also provide a thorough review of the strategy adopted for self-organization by the individual nodes in the blockchain backbone networks. Consequently, we provide a comprehensive survey of the emerging applications of blockchain networks in a broad area of telecommunication. We highlight our special interest in how the consensus mechanisms impact these applications. Finally, we discuss several open issues in the protocol design for blockchain consensus and the related potential research directions.