gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melanoma recurrence after adjuvant targeted therapy: A multicenter analysis. (2020)

10016 Background: Adjuvant targeted therapy (TT) improves relapse free survival (RFS) in patients (pts) with BRAF mutant stage 3 melanoma. The outcomes and optimal management of pts who relapse after adjuvant TT is unknown. Methods: Pts from 21 centres with recurrent melanoma after adjuvant TT were included. Disease characteristics, adjuvant therapy, recurrence, treatment at relapse and outcomes were examined. Results: 87 pts developed recurrent melanoma; 21 (24%) during and 66 (76%) after cessation of adjuvant TT. Median time to 1st recurrence was 16.3 months with median follow up after 1st recurrence of 31 months. 30 (34%) pts recurred locoregionally, 51 (59%) pts developed distant recurrence and 6 (7%) pts had both. Of those who recurred locoregionally, 23/30 (77%) pts underwent surgery to no evidence of disease, only 3 (13%) of which received adjuvant anti-PD1 therapy, and 15/30 (50%) subsequently developed distant disease. 29 (33.3%) pts have died. 75 (86%) pts received systemic therapy at either 1st or subsequent recurrence. 40 (46%) pts received 1st line anti-PD1 based therapy (single agent anti-PD1, anti-PD1 with ipilimumab or anti-PD1 with investigational agent), 12 (14%) pts received ipilimumab monotherapy, 18 (21%) pts received retreatment with combination BRAF/MEK inhibitors and 5 (6%) pts received other agents (chemotherapy, TVEC). 57 (66%) pts had disease that was assessable for response rate (RR). RR after relapse was 69.7% (23/33) to 1st line anti-PD-1 based therapy, 46% (6/13) to TT and 9% (1/11) to ipilimumab monotherapy (Table). Median overall survival (OS) from date of 1st recurrence for all pts was not reached. OS varied by drug class received as 1st line systemic therapy after relapse. 3 year OS was 79% for anti-PD-1 based therapy, 55% for TT and 25% for ipilimumab. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that pts who relapse after adjuvant TT may respond to subsequent immunotherapy at similar rates to the treatment naïve setting. [Table: see text]
Violence is Rare in Autism: When It Does Occur, Is It Sometimes Extreme? (2016)

A small body of literature has suggested that, rather than being more likely to engage in offending or violent behavior, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may actually have an increased risk of being the victim rather than the perpetrator of violence (Sobsey, Wells, Lucardie, & Mansell, 1995 ). There is no evidence that people with ASD are more violent than those without ASD (Im, 2016). There is nevertheless a small subgroup of individuals with ASD who exhibit violent offending behaviours and our previous work has suggested that other factors, such as adverse childhood experiences, might be important in this subgroup (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, & Gillberg, 2014 ). Fitzgerald ( 2015 ) highlights that school shootings and mass killings are not uncommonly carried out by individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, with frequent evidence of warning indicators. The aim of the present review is to investigate this in more detail using the 73 mass shooting events identified by Mother Jones (motherjones.com) in their database for potential ASD features. There are 73 mass shooting events but there are two events where there is a pair of shooters which meant that 75 mass shooter cases were investigated. This exercise tentatively suggests evidence of ASD in six of 75 included cases (8%) which is about eight times higher when compared to the prevalence of ASD found in the general population worldwide (motherjones.com). The 8% figure for individuals with ASD involved mass killings is a conservative estimate. In addition to the six cases which provide the 8% figure, there were 16 other cases with some indication of ASD. Crucially, ASD may influence, but does not cause, an individual to commit extreme violent acts such as a mass shooting episode.
The relationship between partial pressure of oxygen and perfusion in two murine tumors after X-ray irradiation: a combined gadopentetate dimeglumine dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry study. (1996)

Changes of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and blood perfusion were studied in MTG-B and RIF-1 tumors (n = 5 each) before and after a single 20-Gy dose of X-ray irradiation. Using electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry, we have observed an initial fast decrease of pO2 after irradiation, followed by a slow increase. The time course of these changes was faster in the MTG-B tumors than in the RIF-1 tumors. Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) dynamic magnetic resonance imaging studies showed a reduction in uptake of Gd-DTPA at the time of minimum pO2 and a recovery at the time of maximum pO2 in each tumor. Previous work indicates that there is microscopic heterogeneity in tumors, with well-vascularized "capillary regions" being closer to capillaries than poorly vascularized "noncapillary regions." We propose a two-component (slow and fast) model of Gd-DTPA uptake that is designed to quantify the kinetics of these two compartments by analyzing the total tumor uptake kinetics without having to identify specific regions of interest. Total perfusion in the tumors was greatly reduced at the time of minimum oxygenation, and the volume of the slow component increased after irradiation. We conclude that a decrease in blood perfusion is one of the main causes of the decline in pO2 observed after irradiation.
Where to Sit? A Look at Frequency's Effect on Volume Distribution in theSingletary Concert Hall (2003)

The objective of this project was to find the best seat in the Concert Hall of the Singletary Center for the Arts, here at the University of Kentucky. While subjective factors often determine a patron's favorite place to sit, I decided that an objective scientific approach could prove useful when I, or anyone, next attended a concert. Using only a keyboard amplified by speakers placed at center stage and a sound level monitor, I measured separately the volume of six different frequencies (at intervals of an octave) at twelve different seats throughout the Hall. Defining the best seat as the one at which all frequencies would have the most consistent volume, I then averaged and compared the data. Somewhat to my surprise, the "best seat" turned out to be near the middle of the auditorium, with the next two being in the front and in the back. This project, although simple in nature, might provide insight into the acoustical tendencies of the Concert Hall and enable audience members to enjoy the best musical experience possible.
Multi-channel MAC protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

This paper introduces a new MAC scheme operating on multiple channels that maximizes network performance and provides differentiated services in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Specifically, the IEEE 802.11 in ad hoc mode, the most popular MAC protocol in mobile ad hoc networks, is extended from single channel to multiple channels operation. The current standard allows the practical use of three channels in 802.11b and eight in 802.11a, but multiple channel operation is not supported in ad hoc mode. The proposed protocol ensures maximum performance, low delay, reliability, efficiency and fairness, while allowing transmission priorities to be set on a per-channel basis. In addition, a solution is provided for the hidden multi-channel problem, which arises when only one network interface card is used. Basic considerations for mobility management in a multi-channel environment is also given. We show through simulation that the multi-channel MAC protocol greatly outperforms the original IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol.
Image Filtering on .NET-based Desktop Grids (2007)

Image filtering is the use of computer graphics algorithms to enhance the quality of digital images or to extract information about their content. However rendering very large size digital images on a single machine is a performance bottleneck. To address this we propose parallelising this application on a desktop Grid environment. For parallelizing this application we use the Alchemi Desktop Grid environment and the resulting framework is referred to as ImageGrid. ImageGrid allows the parallel execution of linear digital filters algorithms on images. We observed acceptable speed up as a result of parallelising filtering operation through ImageGrid. We run the tests on different data sets by varying the dimension of the images and the complexity of the filters. Results demonstrate potential of grid computing for desktop applications and that the speed up obtained is more consistent for large images and complex filters.
Misspecified Gaussian Process Bandit Optimization (2021)

We consider the problem of optimizing a black-box function based on noisy bandit feedback. Kernelized bandit algorithms have shown strong empirical and theoretical performance for this problem. They heavily rely on the assumption that the model is well-specified, however, and can fail without it. Instead, we introduce a \emph{misspecified} kernelized bandit setting where the unknown function can be $ε$--uniformly approximated by a function with a bounded norm in some Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). We design efficient and practical algorithms whose performance degrades minimally in the presence of model misspecification. Specifically, we present two algorithms based on Gaussian process (GP) methods: an optimistic EC-GP-UCB algorithm that requires knowing the misspecification error, and Phased GP Uncertainty Sampling, an elimination-type algorithm that can adapt to unknown model misspecification. We provide upper bounds on their cumulative regret in terms of $ε$, the time horizon, and the underlying kernel, and we show that our algorithm achieves optimal dependence on $ε$ with no prior knowledge of misspecification. In addition, in a stochastic contextual setting, we show that EC-GP-UCB can be effectively combined with the regret bound balancing strategy and attain similar regret bounds despite not knowing $ε$.
The duty to exclude: excluding people at undue risk from research. (1994)

The clinical trial is the major investigational tool of clinical medicine. Two recent reports highlight the fact that the most often quoted mechanisms for the protection of research subjects, viz., research ethics board review and eligibility criteria, are insufficient to achieve this end. In this paper, we argue that the prime mechanism for the protection of persons in clinical trials should be the clinical judgement of the physician-investigator. The clinical investigator has a duty to protect subjects from both harm and undue risk. It is argued that the clinical investigator has a duty to screen for, and exclude, potential research subjects who may be unduly vulnerable to the risks of a particular clinical trial. In order to fulfill this obligation, the investigator should personally screen each potential research subject at the time of accrual. In larger trials in which this is not feasible, this task could be delegated to another appropriately qualified health care professional, with the principal investigator retaining personal responsibility. To reinforce and make explicit this legal and moral duty, we propose that the investigator sign a statement, appended to each subject's consent form, to attest that this duty has been responsibly discharged.
Dynamic saturation of an intersublevel transition in self-organizedInAs/InxAl1−xAsquantum dots (2003)

We have observed a dynamic saturation of an intersublevel transition in ${\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum dots related to the discrete nature of electron states using midinfrared femtosecond spectroscopy. This dynamic saturation is a consequence of the gradual filling of the discrete quantum-dot electron states due to the capture of electrons injected in the barrier. Our interpretation of the differential transmission experiments is confirmed by a comparison with a rate-equation model with the capture and intersublevel relaxation time as fit parameters yielding 10 ps and 1 ps, respectively. We discuss the mechanism responsible for these relaxation times.
Oropharyngeal mucositis complicating bone marrow transplantation: prognostic factors and the effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. (1989)

Oral mucosal ulceration complicating bone marrow transplantation interferes with patients' comfort, nutrition and may lead to systemic infection derived from the mouth. The mucosal injury results from epithelial damage due to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation conditioning as well as from superficial oropharyngeal infection. Because chlorhexidine gluconate is a broad spectrum topical antimicrobial which has been demonstrably effective in preventing oral infection and gingivitis, we performed a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial of chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse in BMT recipients to study the severity of oral mucositis and both oral and systemic infectious complications. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to receive either chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% mouth rinse or placebo three times daily from the initiation (day -8) of chemoradiotherapy conditioning until day +35 post-BMT. Chlorhexidine use resulted in a trend toward improved oral hygiene index (reduced dental plaque) (p = 0.06) but did not modify the oral mucositis. Patients using chlorhexidine developed a maximum ulceration of 18 +/- 22% of their oral mucosa, while placebo patients ulcerated 25 +/- 31% of the mouth. Ulcerative mucositis was significantly worse in adults compared with children, in individuals who received methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, and was most prominent on non-keratinized epithelium. Overall, there was no clinically demonstrable additional therapeutic advantage to the use of chlorhexidine in either reducing the mucositis, controlling oral pain, facilitating oral nutrition, shortening hospital stay, or reducing oral infection with herpes simplex virus. There was a trend toward diminished oral candidiasis in chlorhexidine users (p = 0.06).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diels–Alder Cycloaddition: Nicolaioidesin B (Coster), Lycorine (Cho), Bucidirasin A (Nakada), Maoecrystal V (Thomson), Kuwanon J (Wulff/Lei), Vinigrol (Kaliappan) (2017)

β-Ocimene 2 is an inexpensive Diels–Alder diene. En route to nicolaioidesin B 4, Mark J. Coster of Griffith University showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2014, 55, 6864) that the Weinreb amide 1 added to the E isomer of 2 with high selectivity, to give 3. The alkaloid lycorine 8 is found throughout the Amaryllidaceae. Cheon-Gyu Cho of Hanyang University developed (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 5718) a succinct route to 8 based on the use of the boryl styrene 5 as a Diels–Alder dienophile. Masahisa Nakada of Waseda University (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 4734) prepared the enantiomerically-pure enone 9 by way of a baker’s yeast reduction of a prochiral dik­etone. Diels–Alder addition to 10 led to 11, that was carried on to bucidirasin A 12. Regan J. Thomson of Northwestern University prepared (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 17750) the triene 13 by asymmetric epoxidation of a prochiral enone. Diels–Alder addition of the very reactive nitroethylene to give 14 completed the carbon skel­eton of maoecrystal V 15. William D. Wulff of Michigan State University and Xiaoguang Lei of Peking University optimized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9257) the organocatalyzed Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 17 to the diene 16. Deprotection then completed the synthesis of the prenylflavonoid kuwanon J 18. In 2012, Barriault described (OHL 20121224) the conversion of 20 to the com­plex diterpene vinigrol 21. Krishna P. Paliappan of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay showed (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 5540) that the triene precursor to 20 could be prepared by ring-closing metathesis of 19. In the absence of ethylene, a different product was formed.
W(Zn) selectively deposited and locally diffused ohmic contacts to p-InGaAs/InP formed by rapid thermal low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1993)

Self-aligned, locally diffused W(Zn) contacts to InGaAs/InP structures were fabricated by means of rapid thermal low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (RT-LPMOCVD), using a reactive gas mixture that contained diethylzinc (DEZn), WF6, H2, and Ar. W(Zn) layers of about 30 nm thick were deposited at 500 °C for 20 s and at a total pressure of about 2 Torr, onto InGaAs and InP. Spontaneous formation of highly doped underlying InGaAs and InP layers about 150 nm thick with Zn concentration levels higher than 1×1018 cm−3 took place through the deposition of the W(Zn) layers. Post-deposition, in situ annealing at temperatures of 500 °C or lower enhanced the indiffusion of Zn into the underlying semiconductor and reduced the specific resistance of the W(Zn)/InGaAs contact to a minimum value of 5×10−6 Ω cm−2.
BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF SECONDARY COMPONENTS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) (1983)

Abstract Laboratory wind tunnel and field observations have demonstrated an important behavioural role of tetradecanal (14:Ald) in the chemical communication system of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). A greater number of males initiated upwind flight and continued on to contact the source when 14:Ald was present than with 95/5 E /Z11-tetradecenal ( E / Z 11-14:Ald) alone. The presence of E 11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ( E 11-14:Ac) decreased the males' responsiveness to the aldehydes. Its effect appeared to be attenuated, when present at low levels with 95/5 E / Z 11-14:Ald, by the presence of 14:Ald, but it is still unclear what effects low levels of E 11-14:Ac have on male behaviour.
Chernoff bound approach for connection control in broadband satellite systems (1999)

In this letter we propose a predictive connection control scheme using the Chernoff bound for on-board packet switching satellite systems. The scheme is motivated by the large propagation delay and low computational capabilities inherent in such systems. To ensure quality of-service requirements are met, the proposed scheme predicts the upper bound of cell loss ratio and uses it to control the total number of connections. The numerical results obtained suggest that the proposed predictive and bound scheme is a promising approach for real time connection control.
Quantitative Analysis of Liquids from Aerosols and Microdrops Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2012)

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is shown to be capable of low volume (90 pL) quantitative elemental analysis of picogram amounts of dissolved metals in solutions. Single-pulse and collinear double-pulse LIBS were investigated using a 532 nm dual head laser coupled to a spectrometer with an intensified charge coupled device (CCD) detector. Aerosols were produced using a micronebulizer, conditioned inside a concentric spray chamber, and released through an injector tube with a diameter of 1 mm such that a LIBS plasma could be formed ~2 mm from the exit of the tube. The emissions from both the aerosols and a single microdrop were then collected with a broadband high resolution spectrometer. Multielement calibration solutions were prepared, and continuing calibration verification (CCV) standards were analyzed for both aerosol and microdrop systems to calculate the precision, accuracy, and limits of detection for each system. The calibration curves produced correlation coefficients with R(2) values > 0.99 for both systems. The precision, accuracy, and limit of detection (LOD) determined for aerosol LIBS were averaged and determined for the emission lines of Sr II (421.55 nm), Mg II (279.80 nm), Ba II (493.41 nm), and Ca II (396.84 nm) to be ~3.8% RSD, 3.1% bias, 0.7 μg/mL, respectively. A microdrop dispenser was used to deliver single drops containing 90 pL into the space where a LIBS plasma was generated with a focused laser pulse. In the single drop microdrop LIBS experiment, the analysis of a single drop, containing a total mass of 45 pg, resulted in a precision of 13% RSD and a bias of 1% for the Al I (394.40 nm) emission line. The absolute limits of detection of single drop microdrop LIBS for the emission lines Al I (394.40 nm) and Sr II (421.5 nm) were approximately 1 pg, and Ba II (493.41 nm) produced an absolute detection limit of approximately 3 pg. Overall, the precision, accuracy, and absolute LOD determined for single microdrop LIBS resulted in a typical performance of ~14% RSD, 6% bias, and 1 pg for the elements Sr II (421.55 nm), Al I(394.40 nm), Mg II (279.80), and Ba II(493.41 nm).
Deformation Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Two Layer Tubes Subject to Pressure: an Analytical Approach (2004)

Analytical solutions are obtained for axisymmetric elastic-plastic deformations in tightly fitted concentric tubes with fixed ends subjected to either internal or external pressure. Tresca's yield criterion and its associated flow rule are used to estimate the elastic-plastic response of the assembly. The closed form solutions for all elastic-plastic deformation stages are obtained by assuming linear hardening material behavior. Some numerical examples are handled using the mechanical properties of real engineering materials.
A simple sub-nanosecond ultraviolet light pulse generator with high repetition rate and peak power (2013)

We present a simple ultraviolet sub-nanosecond pulse generator using commercial ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with peak emission wavelengths of 290 nm, 318 nm, 338 nm, and 405 nm. The generator is based on step recovery diode, short-circuited transmission line, and current-shaping circuit. The narrowest pulses achieved have 630 ps full width at half maximum at repetition rate of 80 MHz. Optical pulse power in the range of several hundreds of microwatts depends on the applied bias voltage. The bias voltage dependences of the output optical pulse width and peak power are analysed and discussed. Compared to commercial UV sub-nanosecond generators, the proposed generator can produce much higher pulse repetition rate and peak power.
AC Impedance Analysis of Polycrystalline Insertion Electrodes: Application to Li1 − x CoO2 (1985)

It is argued that a porous insertion electrode can be modeled, for purposes of ac impedance analysis, by a modified Randies equivalent circuit containing a generalized constant‐phase‐angle impedance in series with the double‐layer capacitance. The impedance spectrum of the disintercalation system showed two time‐dependent semicircles, indicating the need for a further modification of the equivalent circuit by a physical process that could be represented by a resistor/capacitor combination. An adsorption process and a Li+‐ion‐electrolyte surface layer are each shown to refine to identically low factors and to be represented by equivalent circuits that transform one into the other, each having circuit values with reasonable values for the physical processes represented. Time‐dependent experiments could eliminate the adsorption models, and electron microscopy gave direct evidence for the surface‐layer model; further indirect evidence came from constant‐voltage experiments and the preparation of electrodes with greater electrode/electrolyte interface area. Although propylene carbonate appears to be kinetically stable in contact with at potentials of up to 4.5V vs. lithium, mixtures of propylene carbonate with oxide particles having produce thick polymer films.
Novel approach for the synthesis of Fe3O4@TiO2core–shell microspheres and their application to the highly specific capture of phosphopeptides for MALDI-TOF MS analysis (2007)

A novel approach is proposed to synthesize Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) microspheres with a well-defined core-shell structure, and the synthesized Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) core-shell microspheres were successfully applied for the simple and fast enrichment of phosphopeptides via direct MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis.