gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Stall Characteristics of Multi-Stage and Single-Stage Transonic Axial Compressors (2017)

This study experimentally investigated compressor instability characteristics of two transonic axial compressors. From the stall precursors when their operating points are approaching the stall line, stall initiation and its development and its transition to compressor surge were measured with high frequency pressure transducers, step by step. First part of this paper describes three-stage transonic axial compressor instability characteristics. The compressor has been designed to have positive incidence angle in order from third stage to first stage as compressor outlet throttle valve closes at the design speed. Then periodic modal signal appeared from the third stage before it spread toward the first stage as a precursor of the compressor stall. However, the actual compressor stall took place from the first stage and developed toward the third stage. Interestingly, the stall cell spread toward downstream by spiral direction, which means stall cell moves with axial and circumferential velocity components. When the stall cell reached the collector through the third stage, sudden strong one-dimensional fluctuation, system surge, appeared. Then operating point revolved along the hysteresis loop on the compressor map repeatedly before anti-surge valve opened. Second part of this paper describes a single stage transonic compressor instability characteristics. Different from the three-stage compressor, spike type stall precursor was detected just ahead of rotating stall cell appearance. Before spike initiation there was no warning signal of compressor stall. When the spike was fully developed to the rotating stall, the operating points deviated from the operating line and settled at deteriorated operating points until the anti-surge valve opened. Also a weak compressor system Helmholtz frequency was detected regardless of the rotating speed. To identify the overall compressor instability behavior and difference between two axial compressors, Greizter’s B parameter was found to be very useful. B parameter of the three stage compressor was about 0.83, it means classic surge could occur at the final stage of instability. On the other hand, B parameter of the single stage compressor was 0.62. According to this B parameter, the single stage compressor stall would no longer develop to compressor surge and it well agrees with experimental results.
The extracellular cytolysin of Vibrio vulnificus: inactivation and relationship to virulence in mice (1991)

The ca. 51-kDa extracellular cytolysin of Vibrio vulnificus has been proposed as a virulence factor. We inactivated the structural gene for cytolysin in fully virulent, clinical V. vulnificus strains by both transposon mutagenesis and marker exchange techniques. Inactivation of the cytolysin did not affect virulence in our mouse models. The 50% lethal dose of cytolysin-negative strains was comparable to that of the cytolysin-positive parent strains after intraperitoneal inoculation with and without iron loading. Similar results were obtained after intradermal injection: cytolysin-positive and -negative strains had the same 50% lethal dose and caused comparable tissue damage. While we cannot say that the cytolysin has no effect on the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus infections, its role appears to be of much less importance than are other factors, such as encapsulation.
Unveiling and controlling the electronic structure of oxidized semiconductor surfaces: Crystalline oxidized InSb(100)(1 × 2)-O (2014)

The exothermic nature of oxidation causes nearly all semiconductor applications in various fields like electronics, medicine, photonics, and sensor technology to acquire an oxidized semiconductor surface part during the application manufacturing. The significance of understanding and controlling the atomic scale properties of oxidized semiconductor surfaces is expected to increase even further with the development of nanoscale semiconductor crystals. The nature of oxidized semiconductor layers is, however, hard to predict and characterize as they are usually buried and amorphous. To shed light on these issues, we pursue a different approach based on oxidized III-V semiconductor layers that are crystalline. We present a comprehensive characterization of oxidized crystalline InSb(100)$(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$-O layers by ab initio calculations, photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and spectroscopy, and demonstrate the electronic band structures of different oxidized phases of the semiconductor, which elucidate the previous contradictory semiconductor-oxidation effects. At 0.5 monolayer (ML) oxidation, oxygen atoms tend to occupy subsurface Sb sites, leading to metallic states in the semiconductor band gap, which arise from top dimers. When the oxidation is increased to the 1.0--2.0 ML concentration, oxygen occupies also interstitial sites, and the insulating band structure without gap states is stabilized with unusual occupied In dangling bonds. In contrast, the 2.5--3.0 ML oxide phases undergo significant changes toward a less ordered structure. The findings suggest a methodology for manipulating the electronic structure of oxidized semiconductor layers.
Small size very low frequency earthquakes in the Nankai accretionary prism, following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (2015)

A large number of shallow low frequency events were recorded after the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake by the cabled network of broadband ocean bottom seismometers (DONET) deployed in the eastern part of the Nankai trough. This low frequency event activity was intense for the first few days after the great earthquake and gradually decreased. Signals of the events are most clearly visible at the frequency range around 2–8 Hz. Some of the events are accompanied by a very long frequency (VLF) signal, which is clearly observed at around 0.02–0.05 Hz. The magnitude and source duration estimated by waveform analysis for one of the largest very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) was 3.0–3.5 and 17 s. This source duration is extremely long compared to ordinary earthquakes of comparable magnitude. These newly detected VLFEs are likely to be normal fault earthquakes located at shallow depths within the accretionary prism, in contrast to the previously reported VLFEs that were explained by a low angle thrusting along the decollement zone. On the other hand, the low frequency events with no clear VLF signal were previously regarded as being low frequency tremors (LFTs). We show that events with and without the VLF signal likely represent the same phenomenon, and the VLF signal is only observed when a large magnitude event occurs near the station. The waveforms of VLFEs are characterized by the coexistence of long source duration and high-frequency radiation of signals, and such features were previously explained by the co-occurrence of shear failure and hydrofractures under the influence of fluid brought into the decollement zone. Our result indicates that the stress state and the mechanical environment, which promote the occurrence of VLFEs, exist not only along the decollement zone but also in the shallower part of the accretionary prism.
Sound and Light from Fractures in Scintillators (2013)

Prompted by intriguing events observed in certain particle-physics searches for rare events, we study light and acoustic emission simultaneously in some inorganic scintillators subject to mechanical stress. We observe mechanoluminescence in Bi4Ge3O12, CdWO4, and ZnWO4, in various mechanical configurations at room temperature and ambient pressure. We analyze the temporal and amplitude correlations between the light emission and the acoustic emission during fracture. A novel application of the precise energy calibration of Bi4Ge3O12 provided by radioactive sources allows us to deduce that the fraction of elastic energy converted to light is at least 3×10(-5).
Early Clinical Results from Chemoradiation with 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Lux expression in eukaryotic cells (2023)

The luxA, B, C, D, and E genes from Photorhabdus luminescens have been introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioluminescent yeast cells.
Chemistry of O‐Benzoquinones and Masked O‐Benzoquinones I. Diels‐Alder Reactions of O‐Benzoquinones with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Phenylacetylene (1980)

Abstract Diels‐Alder reactions of six o ‐benzoquinones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate has been examined. The yields of adducts vary with the natures of the o ‐benzoquinones, 3,4‐Di‐ n ‐propyl‐(1c), 3,6‐di‐ n ‐propyl (1d). 3. 4‐diallyl‐(1e) and 3, 6‐diallyl‐ o ‐benzoquinone (1f) are found to give bicyclic a‐diketones exclusively without the formation of 1,4‐dioxine derivatives, the yields ranging from 20 to 70%. In the case of 4, 5‐dimethoxy‐ o ‐benzoquinone, dimethyl 4, 5‐dimethoxyphthalate is produced in 42% yield, presumably derived from the decomposition of the corresponding initially formed α‐diketone. 3, 6‐Di‐ n ‐propyl‐4, 5‐dimethoxy‐ o ‐benzoquinone deteriorates without addition to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate upon heating. The additions of o ‐benzoquinones 1c , 1d and 1f to phenylacetylene are also studied. The yields of adducts, α‐diketones, range from 23% to 82%.
Rapid and efficient purification of hypericin and pseudohypericin and inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (2009)

Hypericins have many biological and pharmacological activities and in particular reported as potent anticancer molecules [1]. These molecules are widely distributed in plant kingdom but their availability is limited due to the low content in the plants. A rapid and efficient isolation of hypericin and pseudohypericin from H. perforatum hydro-alcoholic dried extracts has been developed. Briefly, the method consists of a partition of the extract between organic and aqueous layers, further purification with Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and a final separation of constituents using Sephadex LH-60 column chromatography. The three-step fractionation resulted in 98% content in total naphthodianthrones. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the separation of hypericin from pseudohypericin using size exclusion chromatography [2]. Pure hypericin and pseudohypericin were tested on both cytosolic (TrxR1) and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases (TrxR2). Hypericin and, particularly, pseudohypericin acted as strong inhibitors of thioredoxin reductases, both in the dark and in ambient light. Further, pseudohypericin, similarly to hypericin, also inhibits glutathione reductase. Pseudohypericin IC50 values for TrxR1 and TrxR2 were 4.6 and 7.9µM, respectively. Hypericin appeared to be more effective on mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase reaching an IC50 value of about 50µM, a value that is noticeably lower than that measured for TrxR1 (198µM). The inhibition profile was similar to that produced by hypericins on glutathione reductase. As the thioredoxin system is highly overexpressed in cancer cells, its inhibition by hypericins, natural compounds that are known to display appreciable anticancer properties, can offer new clues on their mechanism of action and may open interesting perspectives for future tumor therapy.
High-voltage polycrystalline CdSe thin-film transistors (1990)

The properties of self-aligned high-voltage CdSe thin-film transistors (TFTs) are described. By analyzing the different failure mechanisms, it is found that In-doped CdSe makes device operation up to 200 V feasible. Furthermore, the high-voltage CdSe TFT shows excellent low off currents and high transconductance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The detection of hydrazine and related materials by ion mobility spectrometry. (1998)

A technique known as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which has been under development for about thirty years, has been shown to be capable of detecting hydrazines at low concentrations but with interference from ammonia. Ammonia is usually present in hydrazine environments, as a breakdown product or a by-product of the human metabolism. This project was undertaken to investigate mechanical and chemical parameters for improved detection of these hydrazines in the presence of ammonia, and for the detection of nitrogen dioxide, by IMS. The subject areas investigated were compatibility of detector cell construction materials with the analytes, detector temperature, comparison of membrane versus direct inlet systems under their optimum conditions, pneumatics configurations for the spectrometer, and the investigation into the effects of different ion molecule chemistry regimes for the improvement of selectivity, sensitivity, and response and recovery times. The optimum spectrometer operating conditions, for the detection of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in the presence of ammonia, and for the detection of nitrogen dioxide, were incorporated into a hand portable instrument (linked to a computer) capable of near real-time detection. Ammonia is still an interferent in the ion mobility spectrometry detection of the parent hydrazine. The use of ketones as dopant chemicals has been shown to be effective in the ion mobility spectrometric determination of the hydrazines. However, the mobility of the ion-molecule clusters formed from these hydrazines are in the reverse order to that expected. In order to gain insight to the ion-molecule chemistry of the hydrazines/ketones systems molecular modelling and IMS coupled with tandem mass spectrometry studies were undertaken to investigate ion cluster formations of the hydrazines with an homologous series of symmetrical ketones. A fluorinated ketone was also studied by IMS-MS-MS to determine the effect of electron withdrawing groups upon ion cluster formation. The ion-molecule clusters formed were shown to be concentration dependent, with gas phase reaction recorded between the dopants and analytes at low ketone concentration.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Immobilization of Prussian Blue-Modified Au Nanoparticles:  Application to Electrocatalytic Reduction of H2O2 (2007)

Au nanoparticles modified with electroactive Prussian blue (PB) were for the first time synthesized by a simple chemical method. Transmission electronic microscopy showed that the average size of the Prussian blue shell/Au core hybrid composite (PB@Au) was about 50 nm, and Fourier transform IR, UV-vis spectra, and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the existence of PB on the surface of Au nanoparticles. Using the LbL technique, multilayer thin films of PB@Au nanoparticles were prepared by the alternate adsorption of oppositely charged linear polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) onto ITO glass for the construction of a hydrogen peroxide sensor. The novel multilayer films were characterized by SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The {PAH/PB@Au}n multilayer-modified electrode showed a well-defined pair of redox peaks and dramatic catalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide.
Imaging regional PaO2 and gas exchange (2012)

Several methods allow regional gas exchange to be inferred from imaging of regional ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) ratios. Each method measures slightly different aspects of gas exchange and has inherent advantages and drawbacks that are reviewed. Single photon emission computed tomography can provide regional measure of ventilation and perfusion from which regional V/Q ratios can be derived. PET methods using inhaled or intravenously administered nitrogen-13 provide imaging of both regional blood flow, shunt, and ventilation. Electric impedance tomography has recently been refined to allow simultaneous measurements of both regional ventilation and blood flow. MRI methods utilizing hyperpolarized helium-3 or xenon-129 are currently being refined and have been used to estimate local PaO(2) in both humans and animals. Microsphere methods are included in this review as they provide measurements of regional ventilation and perfusion in animals. One of their advantages is their greater spatial resolution than most imaging methods and the ability to use them as gold standards against which new imaging methods can be tested. In general, the reviewed methods differ in characteristics such as spatial resolution, possibility of repeated measurements, radiation exposure, availability, expensiveness, and their current stage of development.
Optimal edge-based shape detection (2002)

We propose an approach to accurately detecting two-dimensional (2-D) shapes. The cross section of the shape boundary is modeled as a step function. We first derive a one-dimensional (1-D) optimal step edge operator, which minimizes both the noise power and the mean squared error between the input and the filter output. This operator is found to be the derivative of the double exponential (DODE) function, originally derived by Ben-Arie and Rao. We define an operator for shape detection by extending the DODE filter along the shape's boundary contour. The responses are accumulated at the centroid of the operator to estimate the likelihood of the presence of the given shape. This method of detecting a shape is in fact a natural extension of the task of edge detection at the pixel level to the problem of global contour detection. This simple filtering scheme also provides a tool for a systematic analysis of edge-based shape detection. We investigate how the error is propagated by the shape geometry. We have found that, under general assumptions, the operator is locally linear at the peak of the response. We compute the expected shape of the response and derive some of its statistical properties. This enables us to predict both its localization and detection performance and adjust its parameters according to imaging conditions and given performance specifications. Applications to the problem of vehicle detection in aerial images, human facial feature detection, and contour tracking in video are presented.
N(6) or N(9) substituted 2-phenyl-8-azaadenines: affinity for A1 adenosine receptors. VII. (1995)

The A1 activities shown respectively by N(6) or N(9) substituted 8-azaadenines were compared. At least in some cases, the biological results indicated the ability of the receptor to accept the exogenous molecule in various arrangements, and an attempt to rationalizing these arrangements was made by means of a model with two different molecular orientations.
Design and Synthesis of Ellipticinium Salts and 1,2-Dihydroellipticines with High Selectivities against Human CNS Cancers in vitro (1994)

9-Methoxy-2-methylellipticinium acetate (6), along with the 9-methyl and 9-chloro derivatives (7, and 8, respectively) have shown remarkable selectivities in vitro against the NCI human CNS cancer subpanel. In order to target these types of compounds to the CNS in vivo, a series of 1,2-dihydroellipticines was synthesized. 9-Methoxy-2-methyl-1,2-dihydroellipticine (9) retained the potency and selectivity of the parent compound 6 but was unstable toward oxidation to 6. In order to improve the stability of 9, it was converted to the vinylogous amide 33 by introduction of a formyl group in the 4-position. Compound 33 proved to be much more stable than 9, but it was also less potent than 9 by about 1 order of magnitude, and it was less selective for the CNS subpanel than 9. To overcome the limited water solubilities of the ellipticines and dihydroellipticines, several ellipticine analogues incorporating polar groups on the N-2 nitrogen were prepared. The 2-(methoxymethyl)ellipticinium salts 24 and 25, as well as the (methylthio)methyl congener 26, were relatively potent anticancer agents which displayed cytotoxicity selectivity profiles similar to compound 6. The cytotoxic dihydroellipticines 9 and 10 exhibited potencies approaching that of ellipticine itself in facilitating the formation of a "cleavable complex", while the least cytotoxic ellipticine derivatives exhibited no cleavage above background.
Influence of Composition and Pre-Ageing on the Mechanical Properties in Naturally Aged AA6xxx Series Alloys (2020)

International audience
Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Six Shielded Total-Pressure Tubes at High Angles of Attack: Subsonic Speeds (1951)

Report presenting a study of the effect of inclination of the air stream on the measured pressures of six shielded total-pressure tubes for a range of angles of attack. The tests were conducted over a range of Mach numbers. Results indicated that the shape of the venturi entry has a pronounced effect on the range of angles of attack over which the tubes remain insensitive to inclination of the air stream.
Methanol transport in PMMA: The effect of mechanical deformation (1987)

Abstract The effect of cold work on the transport of liquid methanol in crosslinked PMMA disks has been determined at temperatures from 35–56°C. Deformed samples absorb at fast rates with kinetics that approach those of Fickian diffusion. Undeformed samples sorb at lower rates and the kinetics tend toward those of Case II transport. Shape recovery accompanied swelling in deformed samples. Samples saturated with methanol were desorbed in cyclohexanol. Resorption of desorbed samples showed fast rates for both deformed and undeformed samples and matched those of the absorption cycle in deformed samples. An analogy is made between the microstructure due to cold work and due to swelling.
Training Spiking Neural Networks with Synaptic Plasticity under Integer Representation (2021)

Neuromorphic computing is emerging as a promising Beyond Moore computing paradigm that employs event-triggered computation and non-von Neumann hardware. Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a well-known bio-inspired learning rule that relies on activities of locally connected neurons to adjust the weights of their respective synapses. In this work, we analyze a basic STDP rule and its sensitivity on the different hyperparameters for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) with supervision, customized for a neuromorphic hardware implementation with integer weights. We compare the classification performance on four UCI datasets (iris, wine, breast cancer and digits) that depict varying levels of complexity. We perform a search for optimal set of hyperparameters using both grid search and Bayesian optimization. Through the use of Bayesian optimization, we show the general trends in hyperparameter sensitivity in SNN classification problem. With the best sets of hyperparameters, we achieve accuracies comparable to some of the best performing SNNs on these four datasets. With a highly optimized supervised STDP rule we show that these accuracies can be achieved with just 20 epochs of training.