gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A floating gate based 3D NAND technology with CMOS under array (2015)

NAND Flash has followed Moore's law of scaling for several generations. With the minimum half-pitch going below 20nm, transition to a 3D NAND cell is required to continue the scaling. This paper describes a floating gate based 3D NAND technology with superior cell characteristics relative to 2D NAND, and CMOS under array for high Gb/mm2 density.
Frequency-to-Time Conversion based Delay and Dispersion Generators in a CMOS Compatible SOI Platform: Prospects and Limitations (2013)

Footprint limitations of an electrically tunable delay and dispersion generator in the CMOS compatible platform based on ring resonators as well as maximum producible delay and group velocity dispersion are studied.
[Expression and biological activities of TRAIL fusion protein gene]. (2003)

The TRAIL-GST with biological activity has been expressed in the prokaryotic system.
Efeitos de antimicrobianos, prebióticos, probióticos e extratos vegetais sobre a microbiota intestinal, a freqüência de diarréia e o desempenho de leitões recém-desmamados (2006)

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos de probióticos, prebióticos e extratos vegetais como alternativas aos agentes antimicrobianos (promotores do crescimento), sobre a microbiota intestinal, a ocorrência de diarréia e o desempenho de leitões desmamados. Foram realizados dois experimentos em blocos casualizados, nos quais foram testados, durante 35 dias, cinco tratamentos: controle - ração basal; antimicrobiano - ração basal com 50 ppm de bacitracina de zinco + 50 ppm de olaquindox; probiótico - ração basal com 1.300 ppm de probiótico à base de Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis; prebiótico - ração basal com 3.000 ppm de mananoligossacarídeo; extrato vegetal - basal com 500 ppm de extrato vegetal (alho, cravo, canela, pimenta, tomilho, cinamaldeído e eugenol). No Experimento 1, foram utilizados 40 leitões (idade inicial de 21 dias), alocados em 20 baias suspensas, cada uma com dois leitões (um macho castrado e uma fêmea - unidade) e quatro repetições por tratamento. No 35º dia do período experimental, um animal de cada unidade experimental foi abatido para coleta de amostras de conteúdo do jejuno/íleo para análise microbiológica. No Experimento 2, foram utilizados 120 leitões, compondo 12 repetições por tratamento e dois animais (um macho castrado e uma fêmea) por unidade experimental. A freqüência de diarréia foi avaliada diariamente. Nenhum dos tratamentos foi eficaz em alterar a microbiota intestinal e a ocorrência de diarréia. Os agentes antimicrobianos melhoraram o ganho diário nos períodos de 15 a 35 (+22%) e de 1 a 35 (+21,4%) dias de experimentação. O probiótico e os extratos vegetais não promoveram benefício ao desempenho dos animais. O prebiótico, por sua vez, proporcionou desempenho equivalente ao tratamento antimicrobiano nos primeiros 14 dias experimentais, mas não melhorou a conversão alimentar.
Achieving sustainable cultivation of oil palm (2018)

Oil palm is widely cultivated in tropical countries for use in food processing, personal care products and other applications such as biodiesel. Cultivation faces a range of challenges such as its environmental impact (e.g. in deforestation and biodiversity loss) as well threats from pests and diseases. There is an urgent need to make oil palm cultivation more efficient and environmentally sustainable. This collection reviews the key research addressing this challenge. Volume 1 begins by reviewing trends in production and key challenges facing the sector. Part 2 focusses on developments in understanding oil palm physiology, genetics and genetic diversity and their application to improved breeding techniques. The final part of the book discusses developments in cultivation practices. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert authors, this collection will be a standard reference for researchers, oil palm growers, palm oil processors as well as government and non-governmental agencies responsible for more sustainable oil palm cultivation. Volume 1 is accompanied by Volume 2 which covers pests and diseases, quality and sustainability issues
Identifying the individual metabolic abnormities from a systemic perspective using whole-body PET imaging (2022)

The proposed framework represents a significant step toward the use of PET imaging for identifying metabolic dysfunction from a systemic perspective. A better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and the physiological interpretation of the interregional connections identified in the present study warrant further research.
Metabolic oscillations in an E. coli fermentation (2001)

Recombinant E. coli fermentations were observed to undergo regular, reproducible oscillations in oxygen uptake for several hours during a controlled fermentation process. Culture growth slowed during the period of oscillations, delaying induction of recombinant protein production. The oscillations were similar in 10-L and 1,000-L fermentors and also occurred with different feed control algorithms. Both observations support the hypothesis that the oscillations are metabolic in nature. Analysis of amino acid, ATP, and GTP pools suggests that the oscillations result from aberrant regulation of isoleucine biosynthesis leading to repeated starvation events in which protein synthesis and growth are impaired. Both a nutritional solution, isoleucine feeding, and a genetic solution, repair of an ilvG frameshift mutation in E. coli K-12 strains, were found to eliminate the oscillations, further supporting the proposed mechanism for the behavior. These results illustrate the interesting and complicated physiological behavior which can be displayed in metabolic networks and provide another example of surprising problems that can arise in growing recombinant organisms in fermentors.
Aerosol pH and liquid water content determine when particulate matter is sensitive to ammonia and nitrate availability (2020)

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) from anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are central contributors to particulate matter (PM) concentrations worldwide. The response of PM to changes in the emissions of both compounds is typically studied on a case-by-case basis, owing in part to the complex thermodynamic interactions of these aerosol precursors with other PM constituents. Here we present a simple but thermodynamically consistent approach that expresses the chemical domains of sensitivity of aerosol particulate matter to NH3 and HNO3 availability in terms of aerosol pH and liquid water content. From our analysis, four policy-relevant regimes emerge in terms of sensitivity: (i) NH3 sensitive, (ii) HNO3 sensitive, (iii) NH3 and HNO3 sensitive, and (iv) insensitive to NH3 or HNO3. For all regimes, the PM remains sensitive to nonvolatile precursors, such as nonvolatile cations and sulfate. When this framework is applied to ambient measurements or predictions of PM and gaseous precursors, the “chemical regime” of PM sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 availability is directly determined. The use of these regimes allows for novel insights, and this framework is an important tool to evaluate chemical transport models. With this extended understanding, aerosol pH and associated liquid water content naturally emerge as previously ignored state parameters that drive PM formation.
Quantum Electrodynamic Bound on Squeezing (1990)

The vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are apparently infinitely energetic. This fact, together with the highly singular commutator for the electric- and magnetic-field operators suggests an almost limitless scope for squeezing. However, we show that if the squeezing is to be periodic, and therefore accessible to phase-sensitive detection, then there is a bound on the attainable level of noise reduction.
GeneSIS-Rt: Generating Synthetic Images for Training Secondary Real-World Tasks (2018)

We propose a novel approach for generating high-quality, synthetic data for domain-specific learning tasks, for which training data may not be readily available. We leverage recent progress in image-to-image translation to bridge the gap between simulated and real images, allowing us to generate realistic training data for real-world tasks using only unlabeled real-world images and a simulation. GeneSIS-Rtameliorates the burden of having to collect labeled real-world images and is a promising candidate for generating high-quality, domain-specific, synthetic data. To show the effectiveness of using GeneSIS-Rtto create training data, we study two tasks: semantic segmentation and reactive obstacle avoidance. We demonstrate that learning algorithms trained using data generated by GeneSIS-RT make high-accuracy predictions and outperform systems trained on raw simulated data alone, and as well or better than those trained on real data. Finally, we use our data to train a quadcopter to fly 60 meters at speeds up to 3.4 m/s through a cluttered environment, demonstrating that our GeneSIS-RT images can be used to learn to perform mission-critical tasks.
Graphene Fibers: Mussel‐Inspired Defect Engineering of Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fibers for Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Electrical Conductivity (Adv. Mater. 40/2018) (2018)

Inspired by mussel adhesive polydopamine (PDA), graphene-based liquid-crystalline fibers with high mechanical and electrical properties are prepared by Sang Ouk Kim and co-workers, as described in article number 1803267. A two-step defect engineering system is developed based on bioinspired surface polymerization and the subsequent solution infiltration of PDA enables the graphene fiber to overcome the intrinsic structural limitation during the fiber-spinning process.
112 Gb/s DP-QPSK Transmission Using a Novel Nonlinear Compensator in Digital Coherent Receiver (2009)

A novel nonlinear compensation scheme is proposed and demonstrated with 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK format using digital coherent receiver. The Q-improvement by the proposed scheme exceeded 2 dB after 20 span (1200 km) transmission.
An Empirical Analysis of End-User Satisfaction toward E-Banking in Indonesia (A Comparison Model of ATMs, Internet Banking and Mobile Banking) (2009)

In this research, we explored the status of electronic banking adoption by comparing ATM, internet banking, and mobile banking in Indonesia, as one of developing countries. This study investigates the differences and similarities between other banking channels to create new customer satisfaction model. We also examines the combination effects of traditional ATMs, Internet banking, m-banking in Indonesia by combining technology readiness dimension, social presence issue, perceived usefulness, trust, and other constructs with DeLone and McLean model. An empirical study was conducted and data were collected from Indonesia. The results indicate that perceived usefulness plays the most important role to examine end user satisfaction in ATM model; perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and trust is the most significant constructs in internet banking adoption. And, our last model also results that trust is the most critical aspect to be considered in order to gain success in m-banking implementation in this country.
Genome-wide linkage scan of major depressive disorder in two Dagestan genetic isolates (2011)

Abstract We conducted a 10-cM genome-wide linkage scan in two extended pedigrees, ascertained from two diverse Dagestan genetic isolates with high aggregation of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicides. Using genome wide multipoint parametric linkage analyses with short tandem repeat markers, we found two previously undetected genomic regions with significant linkage in isolate #6007 with LODs=3.1–3.4 at 2p13.2–p11.2 (and some signal in same region for #6008) and in 14q31.12–q32.13. We also obtained suggestive evidence for linkage with MDD at 9q33.3–q34.2 (#6008), 13q31.1–q31.2(#6007), 11p15(#6008), 17q25.3(#6007) and 19q13.31–q13.33 (#6008). Five regions (1p36.1–p35.2, 2p13.2–p11.2, 17q25.3, 18q22 and 22q12.3) demonstrated at least nominal linkage in both isolates’ pedigrees, while all other linkage regions demonstrated population-specific genetic heterogeneity.
Sequence Analysis of Sarcosine Oxidase and Nearby Genes Reveals Homologies with Key Enzymes of Folate One-carbon Metabolism (1995)

Corynebacterial sarcosine oxidase, a heterotetrameric (alpha beta gamma delta) enzyme containing covalent and noncovalent FAD, catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H2O2, and 5,10-CH2-tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) in a reaction requiring H4folate and O2. The sarcosine oxidase operon contains at least five closely packed genes encoding sarcosine oxidase subunits and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (glyA), arranged in the order glyAsoxBDAG. The operon status of a putative purU gene, found 340 nucleotides downstream from soxG, is not known. No homology with other proteins is observed for the smallest sarcosine oxidase subunits gamma and delta. The beta subunit (405 residues) contains an ADP-binding motif near its NH2 terminus, the covalent FAD attachment site (H175), and exhibits homology with the NH2-terminal half of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (857 residues) and monomeric, bacterial sarcosine oxidases (approximately 388 residues), enzymes that contain a single covalent FAD. The alpha subunit (967 residues) contains a second ADP-binding motif within an approximately 280 residue region near the NH2 terminus that exhibits homology with subunit A from octopine and nopaline oxidases, heterodimeric enzymes that catalyze analogous oxidative cleavage reactions with N-substituted arginine derivatives. An approximately 380 residue region near the COOH terminus of alpha exhibits homology with T-protein and the COOH-terminal half of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase. These enzymes catalyze the formation of 5,10-CH2-H4folate, using different one-carbon donors. The results suggest that the alpha subunit and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase contain an NH2-terminal domain that binds noncovalent or covalent FAD, respectively, and a carboxyl-terminal H4folate-binding domain.
Human ZBP1 induces cell death‐independent inflammatory signaling via RIPK3 and RIPK1 (2022)

ZBP1 is an interferon-induced cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that facilitates antiviral responses via RIPK3. Although ZBP1-mediated programmed cell death is widely described, whether and how it promotes inflammatory signaling is unclear. Here, we report a ZBP1-induced inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by K63- and M1-linked ubiquitin chains, which depends on RIPK1 and RIPK3 as scaffolds independently of cell death. In human HT29 cells, ZBP1 associated with RIPK1 and RIPK3 as well as ubiquitin ligases cIAP1 and LUBAC. ZBP1-induced K63- and M1-linked ubiquitination of RIPK1 and ZBP1 to promote TAK1- and IKK-mediated inflammatory signaling and cytokine production. Inhibition of caspase activity suppressed ZBP1-induced cell death but enhanced cytokine production in a RIPK1- and RIPK3 kinase activity-dependent manner. Lastly, we provide evidence that ZBP1 signaling contributes to SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine production. Taken together, we describe a ZBP1-RIPK3-RIPK1-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway relayed by the scaffolding role of RIPKs and regulated by caspases, which may induce inflammation when ZBP1 is activated below the threshold needed to trigger a cell death response.
Closed-Form Expressions of Optimal Short PR FMT Prototype Filters (2011)

The Filtered MultiTone (FMT) modulation can be seen as a simple extension of the OFDM modulation. Indeed, it can be efficiently realized as a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-based transceiver. However, to avoid a significant increase of its computational complexity the FMT has to be implemented with short prototype filters. In this paper we propose explicit expressions to compute such short prototype filters. The corresponding closed-form expressions of the prototype filter coefficients are obtained for two different optimization criteria: out-of-band energy and time-frequency localization. In both cases it is shown that these quasi-optimal results correspond to linear-phase prototype filters.
Ranolazine Improves Abnormal Repolarization and Contraction in Left Ventricular Myocytes of Dogs with Heart Failure by Inhibiting Late Sodium Current (2006)

Ranolazine significantly (P<0.05) and reversibly shortened the APD of myocytes stimulated at either 0.5 or 0.25 Hz in a concentration-dependent manner. At a stimulation frequency of 0.5 Hz, 5, 10, and 20 microM ranolazine shortened the APD(90) (APD measured at 90% repolarization) from 516+/-51 to 304+/-22, 212+/-34 and 160+/-11 ms, respectively, and markedly decreased beat-to-beat variability of APD(90), EADs, and dispersion of APDs. Ranolazine preferentially blocked I(NaL) relative to I(NaT) in a state-dependent manner, with a approximately 38-fold greater potency against I(NaL) to produce tonic block (IC(50)=6.5 microM) than I(NaT) (IC(50)=294 microM). When we evaluated inactivated state blockade of I(NaL) from the steady-state inactivation mid-potential shift using a theoretical model, ranolazine was found to bind more tightly to the inactivated state than the resting state of the sodium channel underlying I(NaL), with apparent dissociation constants K(dr)=7.47 microM and K(di)=1.71 microM, respectively. TCs of myocytes stimulated at 0.5 Hz were characterized by an initial spike followed by a dome-like after contraction, which was observed in 75% of myocytes from failing hearts and coincided with the long AP plateau and EADs. Ranolazine at 5 and 10 microM reversibly shortened the duration of TCs and abolished the after contraction. When the rate of myocyte stimulation was increased from 1.0 to 2.0 Hz, there was a progressive increase in diastolic "tension," that is, contracture. Ranolazine at 5 and 10 microM reversibly prevented this frequency-dependent contracture.
Impact of individual acute phase serum amyloid A isoforms on HDL metabolism in mice (2016)

The acute phase (AP) reactant serum amyloid A (SAA), an HDL apolipoprotein, exhibits pro-inflammatory activities, but its physiological function(s) are poorly understood. Functional differences between SAA1.1 and SAA2.1, the two major SAA isoforms, are unclear. Mice deficient in either isoform were used to investigate plasma isoform effects on HDL structure, composition, and apolipoprotein catabolism. Lack of either isoform did not affect the size of HDL, normally enlarged in the AP, and did not significantly change HDL composition. Plasma clearance rates of HDL apolipoproteins were determined using native HDL particles. The fractional clearance rates (FCRs) of apoA-I, apoA-II, and SAA were distinct, indicating that HDL is not cleared as intact particles. The FCRs of SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 in AP mice were similar, suggesting that the selective deposition of SAA1.1 in amyloid plaques is not associated with a difference in the rates of plasma clearance of the isoforms. Although the clearance rate of SAA was reduced in the absence of the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), it remained significantly faster compared with that of apoA-I and apoA-II, indicating a relatively minor role of SR-BI in SAA's rapid clearance. These studies enhance our understanding of SAA metabolism and SAA's effects on AP-HDL composition and catabolism.
Preservation of Alfalfa Hay by Microbial Inoculation at Baling (1990)

Baling hay at higher moistures reduces harvest losses, but increases storage losses due to microbial deterioration. This study investigates the potential of microbial inoculants in preserving the appearance and chemical quality of hay during storage. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) hay grown by 17 cooperating producers in Canada and the USA during 1987 was treated with either normal hay microflora [ Bacillus pumilus (Bergeys)] or a silage inoculant: a mixture of [ (Lactobacillus plantarum (Bergeys)] and [ Streptococcus faecium (Bergeys)]. Bales were prepared at moisture contents between 17 and 31% to reduce harvest loss. Internal bale temperatures were measured throughout the 60‐d storage period and appearance and chemical analyses were determined after the storage period. Both treatments improved color, odor, and visual assessment of feed value, and reduced mold and dust, particularly at moistures greater than 20%. In general B. pumilus treated hay was higher in quality over a broader moisture range than the L. plantarum and S. faecium treated hay. Hay treated with B. pumilus had about 0.1% higher N concentration and higher calculated feed values for available protein and daily intake. Feeding trials are needed to confirm this suggested nutritional benefit. Environmental factors, such as moisture at baling and ambient temperature during storage had a major effect on hay quality.
30-nm scale fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions using EB assisted CVD hard masks (2005)

30-nm scale fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) was demonstrated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon hard masks. Using electron beam (EB)-CVD, less than several 10-nm scale carbon pillar could be formed on MTJ films. Argon ion milling, of which incident angle from the normal of the film plane was determined 45/spl deg/ and 75/spl deg/, was utilized to pattern the MTJs. TMR properties of 80-nm scale MTJs were successfully measured using DC-four-probe at room temperature.
Challenges in designing an online healthcare platform for personalised patient analytics (2014)

The growing number and size of clinical medical records (CMRs) represents new opportunities for finding meaningful patterns and patient treatment pathways while at the same time presenting a huge challenge for clinicians. Indeed, CMR repositories share many characteristics of the classical `big data' problem, requiring specialised expertise for data management, extraction, and modelling. In order to help clinicians make better use of their time to process data, they will need more adequate data processing and analytical tools, beyond the capabilities offered by existing general purpose database management systems or database servers. One modelling technique that can readily benefit from the availability of big data, yet remains relatively unexplored is personalised analytics where a model is built for each patient. In this paper, we present a strategy for designing a secure healthcare platform for personalised analytics by focusing on three aspects: (1) data representation, (2) data privacy and security, and (3) personalised analytics enabled by machine learning algorithms.
Hybrid Optical/Digital Processor for Radar Imaging (2003)

Despite the fact that billions of dollars are being invested in capitated managed care, it has yet to be subjected to the rigors of robust microeconomic modeling; hence, the seemingly intuitive assumptions driving managed care orthodoxy continue to gain acceptance with almost no theoretical examination or debate. The research in this paper finds the standard unidimensional model of risk generally used to analyze capitation--i.e., that risk is homogenous in nature, organizationally fungible, and linear in amplitude--to be inadequate. Therefore, the paper proposes to introduce a multidimensional model based on the assumption that phenomenologically unrelated species of risk result from non-homogenous types of socioeconomic activity in the medical marketplace. The multidimensional analysis proceeds to concentrate on two species of risk: probability risk and technical risk. A two-dimensional risk matrix reveals that capitation, far from being a market-oriented solution, actually prevents the formation of a dynamic price system necessary to optimize marketplace trades of medical goods and services. The analysis concludes that a universal attempt to purchase healthcare through capitation or any other insurance mechanism would render the reasonable attainment of social efficiency highly problematic. While in reality there are other identifiable species of risk (such as cost-utility risk), the analysis proceeds to hypothesize what a market-oriented managed care approach might look like within a two-dimensional risk matrix.