gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced neuroprotection for brain ischemia: an alternative approach to minimize stroke damage (2015)

Despite decades of research on neuroprotectants in the fight against ischemic stroke, no successful results have been obtained and new alternative approaches are urgently needed. Translation of effective candidate drugs in experimental studies to patients has systematically failed. However, some of those treatments or neuroprotectant diets which demonstrated only beneficial effects if given before (but not after) ischemia induction and discarded for conventional neuroprotection, could be rescued in order to apply an 'advanced neuroprotection strategy' (ADNES). Herein, the authors discuss how re-profiling those neuroprotective candidate drugs and diets with the best potential, some of which are mentioned in this article as an ADNES, may be a good approach for developing successful treatments that protect the brain against ischemic damage. This novel approach would try to protect the brain of patients who are at high risk of suffering a stroke, before damage occurs, in order to minimize brain injury by having the neuroprotectant drug or diet 'on board' if unfortunately stroke occurs.
Learning at Different Satiation Levels Reveals Parallel Functions for the cAMP–Protein Kinase A Cascade in Formation of Long-Term Memory (2004)

Learning and memory formation in intact animals is generally studied under defined parameters, including the control of feeding. We used associative olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response in honeybees to address effects of feeding status on processes of learning and memory formation. Comparing groups of animals with different but defined feeding status at the time of conditioning reveals new and characteristic features in memory formation. In animals fed 18 hr earlier, three-trial conditioning induces a stable memory that consists of different phases: a mid-term memory (MTM), translation-dependent early long-term memory (eLTM; 1-2 d), and a transcription-dependent late LTM (lLTM; > or =3 d). Additional feeding of a small amount of sucrose 4 hr before conditioning leads to a loss of all of these memory phases. Interestingly, the basal activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), a key player in LTM formation, differs in animals with different satiation levels. Pharmacological rescue of the low basal PKA activity in animals fed 4 hr before conditioning points to a specific function of cAMP-PKA cascade in mediating satiation-dependent memory formation. An increase in PKA activity during conditioning rescues only transcription-dependent lLTM; acquisition, MTM, and eLTM are still impaired. Thus, during conditioning, the cAMP-PKA cascade mediates the induction of the transcription-dependent lLTM, depending on the satiation level. This result provides the first evidence for a central and distinct function of the cAMP-PKA cascade connecting satiation level with learning.
Performance of serological assays for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion (1989)

Early detection of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated in newly infected persons to determine the sensitivities of currently available serologic techniques. Serial serum samples were obtained from 51 newly infected persons in a cohort of 1,153 homosexual or bisexual men participating in the Baltimore Center of the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study during the first 2.5 years of follow-up. Of 51 participants, 45 seroconverted between any two seminannual visits and 6 were found to have been infected just prior to study entry. Five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), two immunoblots, and an HIV-1 P24 antigen capture assay were performed on a panel of all serial serum samples from these individuals. The sensitivity of ELISAs varied between 50 and 84% in seroconverters with less-developed antibody response. In this group of seroconverters, the most sensitive antibody assay was an immunoblot from Biotech (95%) and HIV-1 P24 was found infrequently (9.5%). The sensitivities of ELISAs and immunoblot were 100% in individuals with more-developed antibody patterns, and no HIV-1 P24 was detected among them.
Atmospheric Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths. (1974)

The study addresses the problem of measuring meteorological parameters by virtue of the natural thermal emission of the atmosphere at millimeter wavelengths. Three topics are discussed. First, the oxygen absorption coefficients are computed using a foreign gas approach based on the liouville space formulation. Numerical results were obtained for pure oxygen with rotation quantum number N = 1 through N = 11 for T = 300K. Second, the joint use of the 60 GHz and 118 GHz oxygen resonances for determining cloud water content and altitude distribution is discussed, and finally the 118 GHz receiver for measuring the 118 GHz atmospheric spectrum is described.
Mechanical Deformations in Smectic-C Main-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers (2009)

A novel crosslinked smectic-C Main-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Elastomer (MCLCE) has been synthesized by polycondensation of vinyloxy-terminated mesogens, tetramethyldisiloxane and pentamethylpentaoxapentasilecane.The introduction of the functional vinyloxy group allows the synthesis of well-defined networks having low soluble content and good mechanical properties.Networks having a macroscopic uniformly ordered director and a conical distribution of the smectic layer normal with respect to the director are mechanically deformed by uniaxial and shear deformations.Under uniaxial deformations two processes were observed: parallel to the director the mechanical field directly couples to the smectic tilt angle while perpendicular to the director a reorientation process takes place.A shear deformation parallel and perpendicular to the director causes a uniform layer orientation and the network exhibits a smectic-C monodomain phase having a macroscopic uniform director and layer orientation.This process is reversible for shear deformation perpendicular and irreversible by applying the shear force parallel to the director.
Inducible laryngeal obstruction in asthma (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) describes inappropriate laryngeal closure with variable airflow obstruction and breathing symptoms. Exercise-ILO (EILO) is diagnosed with the continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE) test. International guidelines suggest EILO is a frequent comorbidity in severe asthma, but knowledge is limited regarding the CLE-test feasibility and the EILO prevalence in this population. <b>Aims and objectives:</b> To examine the feasibility of the CLE-test and to determine the prevalence of EILO in patients with asthma from a University Hospital outpatient clinic. <b>Methods:</b> Participants were recruited from the asthma clinic at the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Baseline characteristics included asthma severity (GINA classification) and spirometry. After inhalation of 0.4 mg salbutamol, a CLE-test was performed from rest to peak exercise, with laryngeal obstruction graded from 0 (complete patency) to 3 (almost complete closure) at glottic and supra-glottic levels at moderate and maximum intensity. <b>Results:</b> Among the first nine participants, six had severe asthma (GINA 4-5), and five had biological treatment. Mean (SD) age was 38.0 (13.6) years, BMI was 29.9 (7.2), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was 96.3% (12.4). Five participants were ex-smokers (mean 16.5 pack-years) and seven had allergic disease. All completed the CLE-test. Four participants had supra-glottic EILO of whom three had severe asthma and one had mild asthma. Mean (SD) CLE-score was 3.1 (0.87). No adverse events were registered. <b>Conclusions:</b> The CLE-test seemed feasible and well tolerated in patients with asthma, with EILO observed in a significant proportion.
High Voltage Cathode Temperature Measurement (1965)

The problem of making accurate measurement of temperature of a high voltage cathode in an emission microscope is discussed. Temperatures to 1300°C with voltages to 50 kV were measured within approximately ±5°C. Radiation sensing measurement schemes were dismissed, primarily on the basis of limited accuracy due to emissivity variations. In the developed system the entire temperature measurement and control system consisting of a Pt/Pt-10 Rh thermocouple, a recorder, controller and power amplifier, are floated at cathode potential to 50 kV. The presence of high voltage, about 109 times greater than the permissible thermocouple error voltage, produces negligible effect on indicated temperatures; the entire thermocouple circuit is enclosed in a shield at cathode potential. A high voltage insulated isolation transformer provides line power to the measurement and control system and insulated shaft extensions permit safe manipulation of all controls with high voltage applied. The accuracy of ±5°C achieved for temperature measurements was determined by utilizing the known temperature of metallurgical phase transformations. The recorder is about as safe and convenient to use as a normal grounded recorder.
Chemical logging: a geothermal technique (1979)

Chemical logging studies conducted at the Department of Energy's Raft River Geothermal Test Site in south central Idaho resulted in the development of a technique to assist in geothermal well drilling and resource development. Calcium-alkalinity ratios plotted versus drill depth assisted in defining warm and hot water aquifers. Correlations between the calcium-alkalinity log and lithologic logs were used to determine aquifer types and detection of hot water zones 15 to 120 m before drill penetration. INEL-1 at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory site in eastern Idaho represents the second area where this was applied. Calcium-alkalinity ratio, lithologic, and compensated neutron logs correlated well and were used to define the water-producing zones penetrated by the well. This well is located in an area of different geologic and hydrologic characteristics.
Bimetallic Magnets: Present and Perspectives (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Bimetallic Magnetic Materials Derived from Oxamato-based Complexes Dimensionality and Magnetic Properties Modulation of the Magnetic Properties Dimensionality Modulation by a Dehydration-Polymerization Process Alternative Techniques for the Studies of Exchange-coupled Systems Bimetallic Magnets Based on Second-and Third-row Transition Metal Ions Examples of Ru(III)-based Compounds Mo, Nb, and W-cyanometalate-based Magnets Light-induced Magnetism Concluding Remarks
Cavity-Enhanced Raman Scattering from 2D Hybrid Perovskites (2022)

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications due to their efficient light emission properties, and strong dielectric confinement effects. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile, non-contact and often non-destructive technique, widely used to characterize crystalline materials. However, the inherently weak phonon scattering, strong background, and complex nature of the Raman signals from HOIPs present challenges in obtaining reliable signals. Further, the fragile nature of the 2D HOIP crystals results in rapid degradation upon exposure to heat, light and moisture, which presents further difficulty in enhancing Raman scattered photon signals. Herein, we report a novel approach to enhance the weak Raman scattering signals in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase HOIPs by introducing an open-cavity comprising HOIP crystals on a gold substrate. We observe 15x enhancement of the Raman signals due to the Purcell effect inside the high-index HOIP crystals. Our simple approach can be extended to enhance the study of phonon scattering in other HOIP and van der Waals layered crystals.
Evolution, characteristics and enlightenment of self-innovation of traditional Chinese medicine industry (2015)

Traditional Chinese medicine industry is China's strategic emerging industry with great potential for self-innovation. Traditional Chinese medicine industry has successively experienced four stages which are the foundation (laying stage), the core status (establishing stage), the modern system (exploring stage), and the modernization system (constructing stage). Throughout the evolution of the self-innovation in traditional Chinese medicine industry, it presents distinct characteristics which we can explore the beneficial enlightenment.
Regioselective Hypervalent‐Iodine(III)‐Mediated Dearomatizing Phenylation of Phenols through Direct Ligand Coupling (2005)

Dearomatisierung: Behandelt man Phenole und Naphthole, die in der ortho-Position eine kleine Elektronendonorgruppe D enthalten, mit Chlordiphenyl-λ3-iodan, werden sie regioselektiv zu den Cyclohexa-2,4-dienonderivaten ortho-phenyliert (siehe Schema). Als Reaktionsmechanismus wird eine nichtradikalische direkte Kupplung der Liganden vorgeschlagen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z501638_s.pdf or from the author. It includes detailed descriptions of experimental procedures, characterization data, and 1H and 13C NMR spectra of all compounds. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
SPIM: a pipelined 64*64-bit iterative multiplier (1989)

A 64*64-bit iterating multiplier, the Stanford pipelined iterative multiplier (SPIM), is presented. The pipelined array consists of a small tree of 4:2 adders. The 4:2 tree is better suited than a Wallace tree for a VLSI implementation because it is a more regular structure. A 4:2 carry-save accumulator at the bottom of the array is used to iteratively accumulate partial products, allowing a partial array to be used, which reduces area. SPIM was fabricated in a 1.6- mu m CMOS process. It has a core size of 3.8 mm*6.5 mm and contains 41000 transistors. The on-chip clock generator runs at an internal clock frequency of 85 MHz. The latency for a 64*64-bit fractional multiply is under 120 ns, with a pipeline rate of one multiply every 47 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enzymatically active lysosomal proteases are associated with amyloid deposits in Alzheimer brain. (1990)

The formation of beta-amyloid in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease requires the proteolytic cleavage of a membrane-associated precursor protein. The proteases that may be involved in this process have not yet been identified. Cathepsins are normally intracellular proteolytic enzymes associated with lysosomes; however, when sections from Alzheimer brains were stained by antisera to cathepsin D and cathepsin B, high levels of immunoreactivity were also detected in senile plaques. Extracellular sites of cathepsin immunoreactivity were not seen in control brains from age-matched individuals without neurologic disease or from patients with Huntington disease or Parkinson disease. In situ enzyme histochemistry of cathepsin D and cathepsin B on sections of neocortex using synthetic peptides and protein substrates showed that senile plaques contained the highest levels of enzymatically active cathepsin. At the ultrastructural level, cathepsin immunoreactivity in senile plaques was localized principally to lysosomal dense bodies and lipofuscin granules, which were extracellular. Similar structures were abundant in degenerating neurons of Alzheimer neocortex, and cathepsin-laden neuronal perikarya in various stages of disintegration could be seen within some senile plaques. The high levels of enzymatically competent lysosomal proteases abnormally localized in senile plaques represent evidence for candidate enzymes that may mediate the proteolytic formation of amyloid. We propose that amyloid precursor protein within senile plaques is processed by lysosomal proteases principally derived from degenerating neurons. Escape of cathepsins from the stringently regulated intracellular milieu provides a basis for an abnormal sequence of proteolytic cleavages of accumulating amyloid precursor protein.
NYX(Nyctalopin on Chromosome X), the Gene Mutated in Congenital Stationary Night Blindness, Encodes a Cell Surface Protein (2003)

These data provide evidence that human and mouse nyctalopin are membrane-bound extracellular proteins and are functionally conserved.
Conjugative Transfer of theLactococcus lactisChromosomal Sex Factor Promotes Dissemination of the Ll.LtrB Group II Intron (2005)

The Ll.LtrB group II intron from the low-G+C gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis was the first bacterial group II intron shown to splice and mobilize in vivo. This retroelement interrupts the relaxase gene (ltrB) of three L. lactis conjugative elements: plasmids pRS01 and pAH90 and the chromosomal sex factor. Conjugative transfer of a plasmid harboring a segment of the pRS01 conjugative plasmid including the Ll.LtrB intron allows dissemination of Ll.LtrB among L. lactis strains and lateral transfer of this retroelement from L. lactis to Enterococcus faecalis. Here we report the dissemination of the Ll.LtrB group II intron among L. lactis strains following conjugative transfer of the native chromosomally embedded L. lactis sex factor. We demonstrated that Ll.LtrB dissemination is highly variable and often more efficient from this integrative and conjugative element than from an engineered conjugative plasmid. Cotransfer among L. lactis strains of both Ll.LtrB-containing elements, the conjugative plasmid and the sex factor, was detected and shown to be synergistic. Moreover, following their concurrent transfer, both mobilizable elements supported the spread of their respective copies of the Ll.LtrB intron. Our findings explain the unusually high efficiency of Ll.LtrB mobility observed following conjugation of intron-containing plasmids.
Supplementary Table S9 from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Efficacy Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of baseline characteristics’ distribution after the propensity score matching procedure between patients on other antidiabetic drugs/insulin only and those who were not on diabetes medications (ratio 1:3, caliper 0.1).&lt;/p&gt;
Structure of the propeptide of prothrombin containing the .gamma.-carboxylation recognition site determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1991)

The propeptides of the vitamin K dependent blood clotting and regulatory proteins contain a gamma-carboxylation recognition site that directs precursor forms of these proteins for posttranslational gamma-carboxylation. Peptides corresponding to the propeptide of prothrombin were synthesized and examined by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). CD spectra indicate that these peptides have little or no secondary structure in aqueous solutions but that the addition of trifluoroethanol induces or stabilizes a structure containing alpha-helical character. The maximum helical content occurs at 35-40% trifluoroethanol. This trifluoroethanol-stabilized structure was solved by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The NMR results demonstrate that residues -13 to -3 form an amphipathic alpha-helix. NMR spectra indicate that a similar structure is present at 5 degrees C, in the absence of trifluoroethanol. Of the residues previously implicated in defining the gamma-carboxylation recognition site, four residues (-18, -17, -16, and -15) are adjacent to the helical region and one residue (-10) is located within the helix. The potential role of the amphipathic alpha-helix in the gamma-carboxylation recognition site is discussed.
Scanning impedance probe for high-throughput electrochemical characterization of solid state electrodes (2014)

We have developed a robotic instrument that can measure the electrochem. impedance of hundreds of thin-film&#13;\nmicroelectrodes in automated fashion. By measuring electrodes with systematically varied area, thickness, surface decoration,&#13;\nand compn., it is possible to probe reaction pathways, decouple bulk and surface properties, and rapidly screen hundreds of&#13;\nchem. compns. to discover trends and identify new high performing catalysts. Here we introduce the capabilities of this new&#13;\ninstrument by using it to measure geometrically graded microdot electrodes of the solid-oxide fuel-cell (SOFC) cathode&#13;\nmaterial (La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)) MnO_(3- δ) (LSM). We collect A.C. impedance spectra from several hundred microdots with diams. ranging&#13;\nfrom 30 to 500 μm and thicknesses from 30 to 300 nm over the temp. and oxygen partial pressure ranges of 700 to 800 °C and&#13;\n3.2 × 10^(-4) to 1 atm, resp. Automated data anal. using a phys. motivated equiv. circuit model yields phys. parameters for each&#13;\ndot at each measurement condition. The LSM surface reaction resistance and bulk ionic resistance both exhibited a power law&#13;\ndependence on dot diam. with an exponent close to -2, indicative of a surface reaction pathway that encompasses the entirety&#13;\nof the dot surface. The slight deviation from -2 is attributed to local cooling of the sample by the microprobe tip, which slightly&#13;\nincreases the resistances for smaller diam. microelectrodes. A surprising increase in surface reaction resistance with&#13;\nmicroelectrode thickness was obsd., tentatively assigned to an obsd. increase in film roughness with thickness. The results set&#13;\nthe stage for exploration of a wide range of gradient types, from compn. to growth temp. to catalyst coating, while the use of&#13;\nimpedance spectroscopy implies that a broad range of properties, from ionic cond. to material nonstoichiometry, can be extd.
Sub-micron single-particle perovskite plasmonic nanolasers at room temperature (2020)

Plasmonic nanolasers have received a substantial interest for their promising applications in integrated photonics, optical sensing, and biomedical imaging. To date, a room-temperature plasmonic nanolaser, submicron in all dimensions, remains elusive in the visible regime due to high metallic losses. Here, we demonstrate single-particle lasing around 2.3 eV with full-submicron, cesium lead bromide perovskite (CsPbBr3) crystals atop polymer-coated gold substrates at room temperature. With a large number (~100) of devices in total, we systematically study the lasing action of plasmonic test and photonic control groups. The achieved smallest plasmonic laser was 0.56 micrometer x 0.58 micrometer x 0.32 micrometer in size, ten-fold smaller than that of our smallest photonic laser. Key elements to efficient plasmonic lasing are identified as enhanced optical gain by the Purcell effect, long carrier diffusivity, a large spontaneous emission factor, and a high group index. Our results shed light on three-dimensional miniaturization of plasmonic lasers.
Performance of the Liver Maximum Function Capacity Test, Fibrinogen, and Transient Elastography in Patients with Acute Liver Injury (2022)

Decision-making in ALF remains challenging. LiMAx and fibrinogen might predict the prognosis in patients with nonacetaminophen-induced ALF and in combination could be feasible tools to decide if LT is necessary.