gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Electrochemical Analysis of Fretting Corrosion in Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants Subjected to High Impaction Loads (2017)

The metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty, a procedure where the hip joint is replaced by a femoral prosthesis with a metal femoral head and a metal socket, has been a popular option for patients requiring a hip joint replacement. Metal on metal hip implants have been a successful implant design until recently where there has been an increased number of failures of this type of implant due to fretting corrosion, believed to be caused from the use of large femoral heads. Fretting corrosion in hip implants results from cyclic micromotion at the taper-trunnion interface; this interface motion removes the protective oxidation layer from the metal allowing the fluid environment of the body to react with the metal and ultimately leads to the release of metal ions into the surrounding tissue and bloodstream. The objective of this research is to quantify the amount of fretting corrosion at the taper-trunnion interface after a static load of 991 lbs is applied, and compare results to a previous study where 450 lbs impaction force was applied. For both studies all specimens are cyclically loaded between 10 lbs and 460 lbs while fretting corrosion data is collected. Fretting corrosion was characterized through the implementation of an electrochemical experiment in order to measure the amount of metal ions released from the implant during loading, which is directly correlated to the amount of fretting corrosion. Results of this study will elucidate the importance of impaction load in the process of fretting corrosion at the metal taper-trunnion interface.
A Stem Structure in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Transcripts Mediates Cell-Type-Specific Splicing by Approximating Intronic Control Elements (2003)

Alternative splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) occurs in a cell-type-specific manner with the mutually exclusive use of exon IIIb or exon IIIc. Specific inclusion of exon IIIb is observed in epithelial cells, whereas exon IIIc inclusion is seen in mesenchymal cells. Epithelium-specific activation of exon IIIb and repression of exon IIIc are coordinately regulated by intronic activating sequence 2 (IAS2) and intronic splicing activator and repressor (ISAR) elements in FGFR2 pre-mRNA. Previously, it has been suggested that IAS2 and a 20-nucleotide core sequence of ISAR form a stem structure that allows for the proper regulation of FGFR2 alternative splicing. Replacement of IAS2 and the ISAR core with random sequences capable of stem formation resulted in the proper activation of exon IIIb and repression of exon IIIc in epithelial cells. Given the high degree of phylogenetic conservation of the IAS2-ISAR core structure and the fact that unrelated stem-forming sequences could functionally substitute for IAS2 and ISAR elements, we postulated that the stem structure facilitated the approximation of intronic control elements. Indeed, deletion of the entire stem-loop region and juxtaposition of sequences immediately upstream of IAS2 with sequences immediately downstream of the ISAR core maintained proper cell-type-specific inclusion of exon IIIb. These data demonstrate that IAS2 and the ISAR core are dispensable for the cell-type-specific activation of exon IIIb; thus, the major, if not the sole, role of the IAS2-ISAR stem in exon IIIb activation is to approximate sequences upstream of IAS2 with sequences downstream of the ISAR core. The downstream sequence is very likely a highly conserved GCAUG element, which we show was required for efficient exon IIIb activation.
Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Fiber Optic Chlorine Gas Sensor Utilizing Indium-Oxide-Doped Tin Oxide Film (2015)

Fabrication and characterization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based fiber optic chlorine gas sensor are carried out. The fiber optic probe is fabricated by depositing a thin layer of indium-oxide-doped tin oxide over a silver-coated unclad core of the fiber. The SPR spectra of the chlorine gas for its different concentrations are obtained. It is observed that the resonance wavelength increases as the concentration of the chlorine gas increases and appears to saturate for higher concentrations of the gas. The sensitivity of the sensor depends on the thickness and the doping concentration of the indium-oxide-doped tin oxide film. The optimum thickness and the atomic weight percent doping concentration of the film are found to be 12 nm and 6 at. wt.%, respectively. To compare the performance, experiments are also carried out on probes coated with indium oxide and tin oxide layers over silver coated unclad core of the fiber. The performance of both the probes is found to be inferior to the one coated with indium-oxide-doped tin oxide layer. Further, the indium oxide doped tin oxide layer based probe is highly sensitive to chlorine gas for low concentrations. The sensor has low response time and is reversible. The proposed probe has advantages of online monitoring and remote sensing.
Determination of Veterinary Drugs in Dry Milk Powder by Supercritical Fluid Extraction—Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (1996)

The objective of this study was to establish whether supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) coupled with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a viable technique for the determination of sulfamethazine in dry milk powder at concentrations as low as 2.5 ng/g. Extraction and analysis of organic compounds in various matrices by SFE-ELISA has been under evaluation in our laboratory since it results in greater sample throughput, allowing rapid screening of environmental samples. In this study, we demonstrated that sulfamethazine could be extracted quantitatively (average recovery at 5-ng/g spike was 91.7 percent) from spiked dry milk powder at 450 atm and 80°C using supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 10 percent methanol as the extraction fluid. The extracted material was collected in methanol, concentrated to dryness, and redissolved in phosphate buffer for analysis by a competitive ELISA. The precision of the ELISA technique, as established over a period of 17 days, was 15 percent or better for sulfamethazine concentrations ranging from 5 to 15 ng/mL of extract in phosphate buffer.
Towards Personalized Intelligence at Scale (2022)

Personalized Intelligence (PI) is the problem of providing customized AI experiences tailored to each individual user. In many applications, PI is preferred or even required. Existing personalization approaches involve fine-tuning pre-trained models to create new customized models. However, these approaches require a significant amount of computation to train, scaling with model size and the number of users, inhibiting PI to be realized widely. In this work, we introduce a novel model architecture and training/inference framework to enable Personalized Intelligence at scale. We achieve this by attaching a Personalization Head (PH) to pre-trained language models (LM). During training, the base LMs are frozen and only the parameters in PH are updated and are unique per user. This results in significantly smaller overall model sizes and training cost than traditional fine-tuning approaches when scaled across many users. We evaluate PHs on academia and industry-focused datasets and show that the PHs outperform zeroshot baseline in F1 score and are significantly more scalable than traditional fine-tuning approaches. We identify key factors required for effective PH design and training.
Serum Clara-Cell Protein and β2-Microglobulin as Early Markers of Occupational Exposure to Nitric Oxides (2005)

Biochemical effects of NOx on 60 workers (both genders) of nitric acid production were studied. The control group consisted of 61 nonexposed people employed elsewhere in the plant. Although the actual threshold limit valuetime weighted averages (TLV-TWA) were not exceeded in the specific conditions of our study, the subjects were exposed to NO2 and NO during several exposure episodes with peak maximal concentrations of 140 ppm and 515 ppm, respectively. Additional cross-week evaluation of several biochemical biomarkers in 15 NOx-exposed workers from one shift was performed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the value of serum Clara-cell protein (CC16) as a marker of bronchoalveolar epithelium activity. Antioxidant status was assessed by measuring activity of enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), ceruloplasmin (Cp) in plasma, or superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthatione S-transferase (GST), and nonenzymatic alpha-tocopherol in erythrocytes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma. Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) determining the connective tissue matrix status of airways, and beta2-microglobulin in serum (beta2M-S) and urine (beta2M-U) as a marker of renal function in occupational exposure to NOx were also employed. Exposure to NOx initiates peroxidative chain depleting of lipoprotein pool (alpha-tocopherol) in blood. Serum CC16 levels in NOx-exposed workers were found to be closely connected with alpha-tocopherol content. In NOx-exposed workers, the beta2M-S level was significantly higher than in the nonexposed ones, with the exception of smokers. Results of the cross-week study confirm cumulative systemic effects of NOx on several examined biomarkers. SOD and GST were found to be depleted. A transient higher level of HA after a 5-d shift significantly inversely correlated with CC16 level. The data imply that NOx-depleted levels of CC16 are detectable already after an 8-h shift. Our results demonstrate that even low NOx human exposure can cause characteristic changes in bronchiolar epithelium cells and renal effects. Serum CC16 level, although a nonspecific marker, was lowest in NOx-exposed subjects. The most sensitive parameters in exposed workers were beta2M-S and a-tocopherol. Spirometric assessment was not useful to describe low occupational exposure to NOx. In studying the effects of NOx on biomarkers, it is essential to carefully select suitable time of sampling. Screening of CC16, beta2M-S, and a-tocopherol can be successfully employed for biological monitoring of exposure to NOx.
Multiple feedback effects in asymmetric external cavity semiconductor lasers (1989)

Multiple feedback effects on the output power and spectral characteristics of an external cavity semiconductor laser with asymmetric feedback induced by misalignment of an external mirror are discussed. The external mirror tilt modifies the round-trip phase condition as well as the coupling efficiency. Undulation in power as a function of external mirror tilt have been observed. At particular tilt angles where strong interaction between odd-order round-trip beams and even-order round-trip beams occurs, unique optical spectra featuring double peaks within a compound-cavity mode spectrum or uneven compound-cavity mode spacings have been observed. A quasi-static model for asymmetric external cavity systems explains qualitatively the power undulations and complex spectral characteristics. The model also predicts the existence of two nearby phase-matched mode groups, which may result in complex and chaotic instabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Additive effects of narrowband light and optical defocus on chick eye growth and refraction (2023)

Both narrowband blue light and dual-power lens interventions were effective in inducing a hyperopic shift in chicks, and provided protection against myopia development. The combination of these interventions had additive effects, making them potentially even more effective. These findings support the use of optical defocus interventions in combination with wavelength filters in clinical studies testing their effectiveness in treating myopia in children.
A comparative study of eco-friendly hybrid thin films: With and without organic coating application (2018)

Effect of various eco-friendly surface treatments based on Titanium conversion coatings (in the presence of molybdenum, nickel, phytic and hexaflourozirconic acid compounds) on electrochemical and surface properties of steel substrates was studied comprehensively. Moreover, chromate and tri-cationic phosphate conversion coatings were used as references. Tungsten micro-electrode was used to study the film formation mechanism of conversion coatings and obtained results indicated that an increase in local pH (about 4 units) is responsible for the precipitation of coatings. FE-SEM and AFM images revealed that modification by Ni ions results in formation of uniform and pack layer structure which improves barrier properties of conversion coating. Moreover, the interaction of conversion coatings with epoxy coating was evaluated with respect to anti-corrosion and adhesion performance. Obtained results indicated that Ti-based surface treatments modified by nickel ions and phytic acid, have better adhesion strength to epoxy coating (4.2 and 4 MPa respectively) and indicated better anti-corrosion performance (according to EIS and salt-spray tests) compared to traditional chromate and phosphate conversion coatings.
Approximation-Tolerant Model-Based Compressive Sensing (2013)

The goal of sparse recovery is to recover a k-sparse signal x ∊ ℝn from (possibly noisy) linear measurements of the form y = Ax, where A ∊ ℝm×n describes the measurement process. Standard results in compressive sensing show that it is possible to recover the signal x from m = O(klog(n/k)) measurements, and that this bound is tight. The framework of model-based compressive sensing [BCDH10] overcomes the lower bound and reduces the number of measurements further to O(k) by limiting the supports of x to a subset ℳ of the possible supports. This has led to many measurement-efficient algorithms for a wide variety of signal models, including block-sparsity and tree-sparsity. Unfortunately, extending the framework to other, more general models has been stymied by the following obstacle: for the framework to apply, one needs an algorithm that, given a signal x, solves the following optimization problem exactly : (here x[n]\Ω denotes the projection of x on coordinates not in Ω). However, an approximation algorithm for this optimization task is not sufficient. Since many problems of this form are not known to have exact polynomial-time algorithms, this requirement poses an obstacle for extending the framework to a richer class of models. In this paper, we remove this obstacle and show how to extend the model-based compressive sensing framework so that it requires only approximate solutions to the aforementioned optimization problems. Interestingly, our extension requires the existence of approximation algorithms for both the maximization and the minimization variants of the optimization problem. Further, we apply our framework to the Constrained Earth Mover's Distance (CEMD) model introduced in [SHI13], obtaining a sparse recovery scheme that uses significantly less than O(klog(n/k)) measurements. This is the first non-trivial theoretical bound for this model, since the validation of the approach presented in [SHI13] was purely empirical. The result is obtained by designing a novel approximation algorithm for the maximization version of the problem and proving approximation guarantees for the minimization algorithm described in [SHI13].
Photo-controlled degradation of PLGA/Ti3C2 hybrid coating on Mg-Sr alloy using near infrared light (2020)

A PLGA/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> hybrid coating was successfully deposited on the surface of magnesium-strontium (Mg-Sr) alloys. Compared with the corrosion current density (<i>i</i> <sub><i>corr</i></sub> ) of the Mg-Sr alloy (7.13 × 10<sup>-5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>), the modified samples (Mg/PLGA/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>) was lower by approximately four orders of magnitude (7.65 × 10<sup>-9</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>). After near infrared 808 nm laser irradiation, the <i>i</i> <sub><i>corr</i></sub> of the modified samples increased to 3.48 × 10<sup>-7</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>. The mechanism is that the local hyperthermia induced the free volume expansion of PLGA, and the increase in intermolecular gap enhanced the penetration of electrolytes. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity study showed that the hybrid coating endowed the Mg-Sr alloy with enhanced biocompatibility.
Canine fossa puncture (1973)

Abstract Historically otolaryngologists have penetrated the maxillary sinus through the inferior meatus for purposes of irrigating the sinus. Van Alyea introduced the natural ostium canula, but my impression has been that most otolaryngologists continue the inferior meatus route. There are sufficient side effects of the inferior meatus technique, bleeding, pain, syncope, to name the most common, that an alternate route with reduced side effects might be of interest. I have tried the canine fossa approach on about 25 patients with good success and consistently fewer side effects. The technique is simple enough, and patients that have had inferior meatus puncture and canine fossa puncture prefer the latter procedure. The purpose of the article is not to present a controlled study but to bring to the attention of otolaryngologists an alternate route of maxillary sinus puncture which might be of interest. Additional controlled study would be necessary to confirm the impressions outlined.
Technology Transfer for Medical Electronics Equipment (1979)

There is a need for the development of an appropriate methodology for the successful transfer of technology in medical electronics from the developmental laboratories to the production facility. The presentation deals with the experience at LRDE where a number of major medical and other electronic equipments and systems have been successfully designed and developed which were subsequently batch produced and extensively evaluated and knowhow in respect of which has since been transferred to the manufacturer through NRDC for commercial production.The successful transfer of knowhow from LRDE to the manufacturers was the result of taking up the development of well thought out and need-based equipments and systems and transferring the knowhow to the manufacturers through a series of steps including training their engineers at LRDE on the specific product/products, giving the manufacturers a comprehensive transfer-of-knowhow document, thus ensuring the smooth transition to the free-flow production. The complete transfer-of-knowhow document is meant to be the manufacturers' guide and bench copy for productionising the process. In the experience of LRDE, no manufacturer to whom processses were transferred in this manner came back to LRDE for the clarification of any problem during their production phase.
Review article: 13C‐urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection – a critical review (2004)

The urea breath test is a non-invasive, simple and safe test which provides excellent accuracy both for the initial diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and for the confirmation of its eradication after treatment. Some studies have found no differences between urea breath test performed under non-fasting conditions. The simplicity, good tolerance and economy of the citric acid test meal probably make its systematic use advisable. The urea breath test protocol may be performed with relatively low doses (<100 mg) of urea: 75 mg or even 50 mg seem to be sufficient. With the most widely used protocol (with citric acid and 75 mg of urea), excellent accuracy is obtained when breath samples are collected as early as 10-15 min after urea ingestion. A unique and generally proposed cut-off level is not possible because it has to be adapted to different factors, such as the test meal, the dose and type of urea, or the pre-/post-treatment setting. Fortunately, because positive and negative urea breath test results tend to cluster outside of the range between 2 and 5 per thousand, a change in cut-off value within this range would be expected to have little effect on clinical accuracy of the test.
The effect of cysteine oxidation on DJ-1 cytoprotective function in human alveolar type II cells (2019)

DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein with cytoprotective functions. It is localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. The conserved cysteine residue at position 106 (Cys106) within DJ-1 serves as a sensor of redox state and can be oxidized to both the sulfinate (-SO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and sulfonate (-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) forms. DJ-1 with Cys106-SO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> has cytoprotective activity but high levels of reactive oxygen species can induce its overoxidation to Cys106-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. We found increased oxidative stress in alveolar type II (ATII) cells isolated from emphysema patients as determined by 4-HNE expression. DJ-1 with Cys106-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was detected in these cells by mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, ubiquitination of Cys106-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> DJ-1 was identified, which suggests that this oxidized isoform is targeted for proteasomal destruction. Furthermore, we performed controlled oxidation using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in A549 cells with DJ-1 knockout generated using CRISPR-Cas9 strategy. Lack of DJ-1 sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as detected using Annexin V and propidium iodide by flow cytometry analysis. This treatment also decreased both mitochondrial DNA amount and mitochondrial ND1 (NADH dehydrogenase 1, subunit 1) gene expression, as well as increased mitochondrial DNA damage. Consistent with the decreased cytoprotective function of overoxidized DJ-1, recombinant Cys106-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> DJ-1 exhibited a loss of its thermal unfolding transition, mild diminution of secondary structure in CD spectroscopy, and an increase in picosecond-nanosecond timescale dynamics as determined using NMR. Altogether, our data indicate that very high oxidative stress in ATII cells in emphysema patients induces DJ-1 overoxidation to the Cys106-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> form, leading to increased protein flexibility and loss of its cytoprotective function, which may contribute to this disease pathogenesis.
Pulse shaping in fiber lasers for high energy micromachining applications (2015)

We demonstrate a fiber laser design capable of generating shaped pulses with up to 1mJ pulse energy while keeping near diffraction limited beam quality. By controlling both the temporal and spectral characteristics of the seeder in a MOPA configuration we were able to achieve long pulses in the 100’s nanosecond range without the limiting effect of gain depletion and without reaching the detrimental SBS threshold. With this configuration we demonstrated 1mJ rectangular pulses which prove highly efficient for micromachining applications over equally energetic higher peak power gain saturated pulses.