gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KDI: A wireless power-efficient modular platform for pre-clinical evaluation of implantable neural recording designs (2014)

This paper presents a power-efficient modular wireless platform which has been designed for prototyping and pre-clinical evaluations of neural recording implants. This Kit for Designing Implants (KDI) is separated in function specific modules of 34×34mm which can be assembled as needed. Five modules have been designed and optimized for ultra-low power consumption and a protective casing has been designed for pre-clinical trials. Two different wireless modules have been compared and the KDI performances have been evaluated in terms of modularity, wireless throughput and power consumption.
Association of PGC-1alphapolymorphisms with age of onset and risk of Parkinson's disease (2011)

These data reveal possible associations of the PGC-1α SNPs rs6821591 and rs2970848 with risk or age of onset of PD, and of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG and the rs6821591 CC variants with longevity. If replicated in other datasets, these findings may have important implications regarding the role of PGC-1α in PD and longevity.
Amelioration of hepatic fibrosis by NK cell activation (2010)

iKIR knockdown stimulates NK cells and promotes their antifibrogenic activity in mice and human co-cultures. These findings have implications for possible immune therapeutic strategies in patients with advanced liver disease.
A CRISPR Way to Identify Cancer Targets (2019)

Two sets of investigators inactivated, one at a time, about 18,000 genes in hundreds of cancer cell lines. They thereby identified specific genes that certain classes of cancer need to survive. These genes, or the proteins encoded by them, are now candidate targets for drug development.
Bloodstream formTrypanosoma bruceidepend upon multiple metacaspases associated with RAB11-positive endosomes (2006)

Trypanosoma brucei possesses five metacaspase genes. Of these, MCA2 and MCA3 are expressed only in the mammalian bloodstream form of the parasite, whereas MCA5 is expressed also in the insect procyclic form. Triple RNAi analysis showed MCA2, MCA3 and MCA5 to be essential in the bloodstream form, with parasites accumulating pre-cytokinesis. Nevertheless, triple null mutants (deltamca2/3deltamca5) could be isolated after sequential gene deletion. Thereafter, deltamca2/3deltamca5 mutants were found to grow well both in vitro in culture and in vivo in mice. We hypothesise that metacaspases are essential for bloodstream form parasites, but they have overlapping functions and their progressive loss can be compensated for by activation of alternative biochemical pathways. Analysis of deltamca2/3deltamca5 revealed no greater or lesser susceptibility to stresses reported to initiate programmed cell death, such as treatment with prostaglandin D2. The metacaspases were found to colocalise with RAB11, a marker for recycling endosomes. However, variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) recycling processes and the degradation of internalised anti-VSG antibody were found to occur similarly in wild type, deltamca2/3deltamca5 and triple RNAi induced parasites. Thus, the data provide no support for the direct involvement of T. brucei metacaspases in programmed cell death and suggest that the proteins have a function associated with RAB11 vesicles that is independent of known recycling processes of RAB11-positive endosomes.
Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections (2018)

While continuing to advance control of cataract and AMD as the leading causes of blindness remains a high priority, overcoming barriers to uptake of refractive error services would address approximately half of the MSVI burden. New data on burden of presbyopia identify this entity as an important public health problem in this population. Additional research on better treatments, better implementation with existing tools and ongoing surveillance of the problem is needed.
Regulation of Ovarian Cholesterol Metabolism: Control of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase and Acyl Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase* (1981)

Activities of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism were measured in ovaries of PMS-hCG-primed immature rats. Microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in sterol synthesis, was low during the period of maximal steroid production and cholesteryl ester storage. Acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), the microsomal enzyme catalyzing sterol esterification and cytosolic cholesteryl ester hydrolase and mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage activities, paralleled storage of sterol esters and levels of plasma progesterone, being highest on day 7 post hCG. Further experiments demonstrated that HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT are regulated by different mechanisms than the sterol esterase and cholesterol side chain cleavage system. When blood sterol levels were lowered by 4-aminopyrazolo (3,4-d)pyrimidine, plasma progestin concentrations fell and ovaries failed to accumulate sterol esters. HMG-CoA reductase increased more than 10-fold as a result of this treatment, while ACAT was 15% of that measured in controls. In contrast, cholesteryl esterase and the cholesterol side chain cleavage system were not affected. Intravenous infusion of human lipoproteins reversed the effects of 4-aminopyrazolo (3,4-d)pyrimidine. Raising blood levels up to 6-fold with either cholesterol-supplemented diets or intravenous injections of rat lipoproteins had no effect upon ovarian sterol metabolism, suggesting that the process by which blood cholesterol is utilized is saturated at normal blood sterol levels. Intravenous injection of LH on day 7 post hCG increased HMG-CoA reductase and decreased ACAT activity in addition to depleting cholesteryl esters. Prior treatment of rats with aminoglutethimide prevented the effects of LH on both HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT, indicating that changes in these enzymes were a consequence of the steroidogenic stimulus imposed by LH. Treatment with aminoglutethimide alone on day 7 post hCG did not further depress the already low HMG-CoA reductase activity, but ACAT and cholesterol ester storage were stimulated while sterol esterase activity was not altered. Aminoglutethimide also produced elevated ACAT activity and sterol ester storage in animals treated on day 2 post hCG, a time when there is normally little sterol ester accumulation. We conclude that HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT are regulated, in a reciprocal fashion, by ovarian cholesterol balance. When sufficient cholesterol is available, HMG-CoA reductase is suppressed and ACAT increases to facilitate esterification of sterol in excess of cell needs. When exogenous sterol supplies cannot meet ovarian demands, HMG-CoA reductase rises, and there is a concomitant decline in ACAT. Thus, gonadotropic control over these enzymes may be exerted, in part, through modulation of the supply of cholesterol to the ovary and/or through regulation of the rate of sterol utilization for hormone synthesis.
An Effective, Performant Named Entity Recognition System for Noisy Business Telephone Conversation Transcripts (2022)

We present a simple yet effective method to train a named entity recognition (NER) model that operates on business telephone conversation transcripts that contain noise due to the nature of spoken conversation and artifacts of automatic speech recognition. We first fine-tune LUKE, a state-of-the-art Named Entity Recognition (NER) model, on a limited amount of transcripts, then use it as the teacher model to teach a smaller DistilBERT-based student model using a large amount of weakly labeled data and a small amount of human-annotated data. The model achieves high accuracy while also satisfying the practical constraints for inclusion in a commercial telephony product: realtime performance when deployed on cost-effective CPUs rather than GPUs.
Near-field photolithography with a solid immersion lens (1999)

We have exposed 190 nm lines in photoresist by focusing a laser beam (λ=442 nm) in a solid immersion lens (SIL) that is mounted on a flexible cantilever and scanned by a modified commercial atomic force microscope. The scan rate was 1 cm/s, which is several orders of magnitude faster than typical reports of near-field lithography using tapered optical fibers. The enhanced speed is a result of the high optical efficiency (about 10−1) of the SIL. Once exposed with the SIL, the photoresist was developed and the pattern was transferred to the silicon substrate by plasma etching.
Reverse engineering by mining dynamic repositories (2002)

This paper presents some preliminary results on applying information retrieval and knowledge-mining techniques to reverse engineering of legacy systems. In order to support a dynamic environment, we take an approach of integrating lightweight tools. Instead of forcing a user to use a fixed environment, our approach provides a basic information repository, which manages information extracted from the documentation and source code. The system stores this information in a graph structure, it supports navigation through the repository, and modification of its structure and annotation. Preliminary evaluation of the proposed approach on the small-size software system is encouraging.
Long Wavelength INGaAs/InGaAsP Quantum Well Lasers at [approximately] 2.0 micrometers (1995)

InGaAs/InGaAsP strained quantum well buried heterostructure and distributed feedback lasers emitting at wavelengths as long as 2.06 micrometers with low internal loss and threshold currents have been demonstrated for the first time. The room and high temperature characteristics and the threshold gain are discussed.
The expression of the Hu (paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy) antigen in human normal and tumor tissues. (1992)

Using immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis, the authors have studied the expression of the Hu antigen (a neuronal protein identified by the serum of patients with small cell lung cancer and paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy) in normal human tissues and 115 tumors of different histologic types. In normal tissue, the Hu antigen is highly restricted to the nervous system. In lung tumors, the Hu antigen is restricted in its expression to all small cell carcinomas. A few other neuroendocrine-related tumors, especially neuroblastomas (50%), also express the antigen.
Dictionary-free hybrid precoders and combiners for mmWave MIMO systems (2015)

The high cost and power consumption of the radio frequency chain and data converters at mmWave frequencies introduce hardware limitations into the design of MIMO precoders and combiners. MmWave hybrid precoding overcomes this limitation by dividing the spatial signal processing between the radio frequency and baseband domains. Analog networks of phase shifters have been proposed to implement the radio frequency precoders, since they achieve a good compromise between complexity and performance. In this paper, we propose a low complexity hybrid precoding design for the architecture based on phase shifters. The new method is a greedy algorithm based on the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, but replacing the costly correlation operations over a dictionary with the element-wise normalization of the first singular vector of the residual. The main advantage is that the design avoids any assumption on the antenna array geometry. Additionally, numerical results show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of achievable spectral efficiency over other previous solutions.
Inside JavaScript (2002)

From the Publisher:
The only comprehensive book available that covers the latest technology, such as Internet Explorer 6 and JavaScript 1.5, and JScript 5.6. Packed full of hands-on examples, this book integrates JavaScript with .NET, XML, XSLT, Java, CSS, HTML, Cookies, Security, and much more. Written for beginning to intermediate readers looking to learn how to work with JavaScript and how best to use it with other web technologies. Inside JavaSript fills a void between the very beginning and high level books available in bookstores today. It's a book readers want primarily for two reasons: re-usable code and up-to-date browser information. Books currently out on the shelf are not up to the latest in browser technology; thus, frustrating readers because everything done in JavaScript is dependent on browser capabilities. The web site will contain all the source code used in the book.
Activation of Bismuth(III) Derivatives in Ionic Liquids:  Novel and Recyclable Catalytic Systems for Friedel−Crafts Acylation of Aromatic Compounds (2003)

The activity of four bismuth(III) derivatives when employed as Friedel−Crafts catalysts for the acylation of aromatics was found to increase\ndramatically when dissolved in ionic liquids. Solutions of bismuth oxide or triflate in [emim][NTf&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;] and [bmim][NTf&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;] are the most efficient\ncatalytic systems, with catalyst loading as low as 1% leading to clean, high-yielding acylation of a variety of benzene derivatives. These\nimproved Friedel−Crafts catalytic systems can also be efficiently recycled as opposed to traditional systems.
Electronic sourcing with multi-attribute auctions (2004)

Multi-attribute reverse auctions have been proposed as market institutions for "electronic request for quotation" buying processes. The choice of a multi-attribute auction institution for corporate sourcing is a challenge for the auctioneer in terms of utility maximization and allocational efficiency. The authors report on a computer based laboratory experiment in a sole sourcing scenario of a single, indivisible object and investigate whether a multi-attribute reverse English and a multi-attribute reverse Vickrey auction institution lead to identical outcomes with respect to the buyer's utility, suppliers' profits and allocational efficiency. The results show no significant difference in suppliers' profits. However, the English auction institution leads to both higher allocational efficiency and buyer's utility and is thus recommendable to corporate buyers. The documented breakdown of the outcome equivalence of the two auction institutions is attributed to bidders deviating from the dominant bidding strategy. The deviations are analyzed and explained by learning effects.
Chlorpheniramine plasma concentration and histamine H1-receptor occupancy* (1995)

The plasma concentration-response relationship of the antihistamine chlorpheniramine is poorly characterized. This study examined concurrently the concentrations of chlorpheniramine and presence of H1-receptor antagonist in plasma after administration of 8 mg chlorpheniramine in normal volunteers. Six extensive metabolizers and five poor metabolizers, as judged by CYP2D6 phenotype (dextromethorphan metabolic ratio), were enrolled in the study. More than 80% occupancy of H1-receptors by antagonist in plasma was observed for 12 hours after the dose in extensive metabolizers and greater than 60% from 12 to 30 hours in poor metabolizers, when plasma concentrations had fallen below those that should result in 50% occupancy of receptors. The results suggest that (+/-)-chlorpheniramine plasma concentrations do not predict H1-receptor antagonist in plasma. In addition, a role is suggested for CYP2D6 in formation of a potent active metabolite of chlorpheniramine.
Improving Call Center Operations Using Performance-Based Routing Strategies (2007)

The article presents a simulation study of performance-based call routing strategies using a variety of routing rules based on historic data such as average handling time and first call resolution rate. We demonstrate the relative benefits of various performance-based call routing strategies using actual data from a financial call center. In particular, our modeling results indicate that call routing based on adjusted average handle time (AAHT) and z-scores of AAHT are two strategies that can substantially improve overall call center performance and customer satisfaction.
Metagenomic and resistome analysis of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Singapore containing membrane bioreactors (2019)

Reclaimed water provides an alternative source of water supply to address problems of water scarcity in urbanized cities with high living densities and limited natural water resources. In this study, wastewater metagenomes from 6 stages of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) integrating conventional and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment were evaluated for diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacteria, and relative abundance of class 1 integron integrases (intl1). ARGs confering resistance to 12 classes of antibiotics (ARG types) persisted through the treatment stages, which included genes that confer resistance to aminoglycoside (aadA, aph(6)-I, aph(3’)-I, aac(6’)-I, aac(6’)-II, ant(2”)-I), beta-lactams [class A, class C, class D beta-lactamases (blaOXA)], chloramphenicol (acetyltransferase, exporters, floR, cmIA), fosmidomycin (rosAB), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (macAB, ereA, ermFB), multidrug resistance (subunits of transporters), polymyxin (arnA), quinolone (qnrS), rifamycin (arr), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2) and tetracycline (tetM, tetG, tetE, tet36, tet39, tetR, tet43, tetQ, tetX). Although the ARG subtypes in sludge and MBR effluents reduced in diversity relative to the influent, clinically relevant beta lactamases (i.e. blaKPC, blaOXA) were detected, casting light on other potential point sources of ARG dissemination within the wastewater treatment process. To gain a deeper insight into the types of bacteria that may survive the MBR removal process, genome bins were recovered from metagenomic data of MBR effluents. A total of 101 close to complete draft genomes were assembled and annotated to reveal a variety of bacteria bearing metal resistance genes and ARGs in the MBR effluent. Three bins in particular were affiliated to Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter Iwoffii, and Flavobacterium psychrophila, and carried aquired ARGs aac(2’)-Ib, blaOXA-278, and tet36 respectively. In terms of indicator organisms, cumulative log removal values (LRV) of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and P. aeruginosa from influent to conventional treated effluent was lower (0-2.4), compared to MBR effluent (5.3-7.4). We conclude that MBR is an effective treatment method for reducing fecal indicators and ARGs; however, incomplete removal of P. aeruginosa in MBR treated effluents (<8 MPN/100 mL) and the presence of ARGs and intl1 underscores the need to establish if further treatment should be applied prior to reuse.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of (6R,7S)‐Diastereoisomer of Asperlin. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metal dusts explosion hazards and protection (2019)

&lt;p&gt;Many industrial processes handle, use, or produce metallic particles small enough to explode in air, thus posing severe explosion hazards. Finishing operations, for example, create very fine particles and have been involved in a growing number of accidents in recent years. New emerging processes, such as 3D printing, are being rapidly developed and directly use micrometric particles to create complete objects by welding layers of material together. Finely divided metals also enter into the composition of plastics, rubber, fibers, paints, coatings, inks, pesticides, detergents, and even drugs; additionally, they are used as catalysts for major industrial chemical reactions, and are even being explored as possible clean alternatives to fossil fuels. Metal dusts are of special concern due to their peculiar combustion properties, including their higher heat of combustion and pyrophoric nature,. As a result, metal dusts explosions are often much more devastating than explosions involving organic materials. Additionally, due to their high reactivity, many fine and most ultra-fine metal powders can burn in carbon dioxide, water vapor and even nitrogen. Whereas preventive measures may reduce explosion risks efficiently, they rarely are sufficient to eliminate explosions completely, especially when dealing with highly reactive metallic particles. Therefore explosion protection measures usually also need to be considered. The high energetic content of metal dusts poses new challenges to conventional explosion protection systems in terms of robustness and response time. This paper reviews the special hazards of metal dusts and presents the state-of-the-art in terms of explosion protection.&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic model-based filtering for mobile terminal location estimation (2003)

Mobile terminal location is an important area of research because of its applications in location-sensitive browsing and resource allocation. The paper presents a method for reducing the error in mobile terminal location estimation. A preprocessor using nonparametric estimation is used to reduce the effects of non-line-of-sight and multipath propagation on the location procedure. A model-based dynamic filter is presented that uses an accurate model of mobile terminal motion to combine information from location measurements made at different time instances to create an improved location estimate. The model of mobile terminal motion has a kinematic state space model describing the physical rules governing terminal motion and a control model that describes the human control input into the motion process. Location dependency in the control input model is used to derive a new dynamic filter. This filter provides greatly improved accuracy over previously known location techniques and is much more robust to variations in the mobile terminal motion and nonlinear effects in the propagation environment.
Next-Generation 3D Formats with Depth Map Support (2014)

This article reviews the most recent extensions to the Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) coding standards, which integrate depth video to support advanced multiview and 3D video functionalities. All the extensions provide single-view compatibility, while some extensions add depth support on top of conforming stereoscopic bitstreams. To achieve the highest gains in coding efficiency, depth information is utilized in coding the texture views. The compression formats described in this article can be used to support emerging auto-stereoscopic displays and free-viewpoint video functionalities.
Hydrodynamics behaviour of a fluid flow in micro-venturi (2012)

Hydrodynamic behaviour of a fluid flow in micro-venturi is investigated numerically taking into account the effect of the Knudsen number (Kn), diameter ratio (β), and Reynolds number (Re). It is found that the velocity jump in the throat of the venturi increases with increasing Re. The axial velocity takes its maximum values at the narrowest section, and these values increase with decreasing Kn. Also, it is found that the dimensionless pressure distribution and the net pressure loss increase as Kn decreases while pressure attains its maximum values at the entrance section. On the other hand, it is observed that increasing Kn and decreasing β cause the discharge coefficient to decrease.
On-demand high-capacity ride-sharing via dynamic trip-vehicle assignment with rebalancing (2017)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
Coupling-induced phase shift in a microring-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2010)

We experimentally study the effects of the coupling-induced phase shift (CIPS) in silicon-on-insulator microring-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) devices for the flat-top filter application. Excellent agreement is obtained between the theoretical modeling and the experiment. It is demonstrated that width offset of the uncoupled MZI arm can compensate the CIPS and approximate a box-like filter with only 0.02% deviation from its ideal requirement.