gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taking into Account Uncertainty on Fairway Borders for Lateral Offset Stacked Channels (LOSCs) Simulations (2015)

Among the process-based methods, the Lateral Offset Channels (LOSCs) simulation method has been especially designed to simulate logical chronological sequences of channels. The last (most recent) channel observed on spectral maps is fitted with a B-spline. To simulate the older channels in the sequence, the control points of the B-spline are moved along a parabolic path towards the fairway centerline, thus modifying the original B-spline in a logical way. In this paper, we particularly emphasize on the uncertainty on the fairway borders and show how actual borders corresponding to various scenarios can be drawn and how the channels simulation is adapted accordingly. In particular, we show on a field case that a larger fairway results in more meandering channels than a narrower one. All channels in a sequence are consistent with each other and can be conditioned to well data.
Brain regulation of food intake and appetite: molecules and networks (2005)

In the clinic, obesity and anorexia constitute prevalent problems whose manifestations are encountered in virtually every field of medicine. However, as the command centre for regulating food intake and energy metabolism is located in the brain, the basic neuroscientist sees in the same disorders malfunctions of a model network for how integration of diverse sensory inputs leads to a coordinated behavioural, endocrine and autonomic response. The two approaches are not mutually exclusive; rather, much can be gained by combining both perspectives to understand the pathophysiology of over- and underweight. The present review summarizes recent advances in this field including the characterization of peripheral metabolic signals to the brain such as leptin, insulin, peptide YY, ghrelin and lipid mediators as well as the vagus nerve; signalling of the metabolic sensors in the brainstem and hypothalamus via, e.g. neuropeptide Y and melanocortin peptides; integration and coordination of brain-mediated responses to nutritional challenges; the organization of food intake in simple model organisms; the mechanisms underlying food reward and processing of the sensory and metabolic properties of food in the cerebral cortex; and the development of the central metabolic system, as well as its pathological regulation in cancer and infections. Finally, recent findings on the genetics of human obesity are summarized, as well as the potential for novel treatments of body weight disorders.
Three-Dimensional NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Nanowire/Nanoporous Ni/Nickel Foam for Efficient Oxygen Evolution (2020)

NiFe layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs) are considered as a promising substitute for noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER). A three-dimensional NiFe layered double hydroxides nanowire/nanoporous Ni interlayer/nickel foam substrate (NiFe-LDH/Ni/NF) electrocatalyst was designed and prepared on NF by a polystyrene (PS) microsphere template and a two-step in situ electrodeposition method. The electrocatalysts had a high specific surface area, an increased number of electrocatalytic active sites and improved electrochemical stability. In NiFe-LDHs/Ni/NF, the nickel nanoporous interlayer bonded closely with the NF matrix and simultaneously became loaded with the NiFe-LDH nanowires, which accelerated the electron transfer of the electrocatalyst nanowires to the matrix, increased the apparent active area, and promoted the OER. As expected, with a current density of 10 mA cm −2 , NiFe-LDHs/Ni/NF exhibited a smaller overpotential of 247 mV, a smaller Tafel slope of 35.52 mV dec −1 and better durability than those of Ni/NF or NiFe-LDHs/NF. In addition, the overall water splitting system with the anode of NiFe-LDHs/Ni/NF and the cathode of Ni/NF had a small potential of 1.55 V with a current density of 10 mA cm −2 .
A comprehensive survey of M2AX phase elastic properties (2009)

M(2)AX phases are a family of nanolaminate, ternary alloys that are composed of slabs of transition metal carbide or nitride (M(2)X) separated by single atomic layers of a main group element. In this combination, they manifest many of the beneficial properties of both ceramic and metallic compounds, making them attractive for many technological applications. We report here the results of a large scale computational survey of the elastic properties of all 240 elemental combinations using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We found correlations revealing the governing role of the A element and its interaction with the M element on the c axis compressibility and shearability of the material. The role of the X element is relatively minor, with the strongest effect seen in the in-plane constants C(11) and C(12). We identify several elemental compositions with extremal properties such as W(2)SnC, which has by far the lowest value of C(44), suggesting potential applications as a high-temperature dry lubricant.
Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan sulfate (2016)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a polysaccharide known to modulate many important biological processes, including Wnt signaling. However, the biochemical interaction between HS and Wnt molecules is not well characterized largely due to the lack of suitable methods. To determine the Wnt binding domain in HS, we used a Wnt signaling-inhibitory antibody (HS20) and a panel of synthetic HS oligosaccharides with distinct lengths and sulfation modifications. We found that the binding of HS20 to heparan sulfate required sulfation at both the C2 position (2-O-sulfation) and C6 position (6-O-sulfation). The oligosaccharides with the greatest competitive effect for HS20 binding were between six and eight saccharide residues in length. Additionally, a four residue-long oligosaccharide could also be recognized by HS20 if an additional 3-O-sulfation modification was present. Furthermore, similar oligosaccharides with 2-O, 6-O and 3-O-sulfations showed inhibition for Wnt activation. These results have revealed that HS20 and Wnt recognize a HS structure containing IdoA2S and GlcNS6S, and that the 3-O-sulfation in GlcNS6S3S significantly enhances the binding of both HS20 and Wnt. This study provides the evidence for identifying the Wnt binding domain in HS and suggests a therapeutic approach to target the interaction of Wnt and HS in cancer and other diseases.
Mechanical Rupture of Mono- and Bivalent Transition Metal Complexes in Experiment and Theory (2015)

Biomolecular systems are commonly exposed to a manifold of forces, often acting between multivalent ligands. To understand these forces, we studied mono- and bivalent model systems of pyridine coordination complexes with Cu2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous environment by means of scanning force microscopy based single-molecule force spectroscopy in combination with ab initio DFT calculations. The monovalent interactions show remarkably long rupture lengths of approximately 3 Å that we attribute to a dissociation mechanism involving a hydrogen-bound intermediate state. The bivalent interaction with copper dissociates also via hydrogen-bound intermediates, leading to an even longer rupture length between 5 and 6 Å. Although the bivalent system is thermally more stable, the most probable rupture forces of both systems are similar over the range of measured loading rates. Our results prove that already in small model systems the dissociation mechanism strongly affects the mechanical stability. The presented approach offers the opportunity to study the force-reducing effects also as a function of different backbone properties.
Internal DTV antenna for folder‐type mobile phone (2006)

Abstract By using the upper and lower ground planes of a folder‐type mobile phone, a novel internal shorted dipole antenna for digital television (DTV) signal reception in the 470–806‐MHz band is presented. The shorted dipole antenna further comprises an internal matching circuit, which includes a chip capacitor and two narrow metal strips, for achieving improved impedance matching over the DTV band of 470–806 MHz. The proposed DTV antenna was constructed and studied. The measured return loss for the operating frequencies over the DTV band is better than 2.5:1 VSWR. In addition, good radiation characteristics are also obtained. Design considerations of the proposed internal DTV antenna are described. A parametric study of the internal matching circuit on the impedance matching of the antenna is also presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1015–1019, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21587
Endoscopic pancreatic and biliary manometry in pancreatic, biliary, and papillary disease, and after endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical sphincteroplasty. (1984)

Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162 patients with a variety of papillary, pancreatic and biliary disorders. Common bile duct pressure was significantly raised after cholecystectomy, with common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis but pancreatic duct pressure only in papillary stenosis. After endoscopic sphincterotomy mean common bile duct pressure fell from 11.2 to 1.1 mmHg and pancreatic duct pressure from 18.0 to 11.2 mmHg. Distinct pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter zones were identified as phasic pressures of 3-12 waves/minute on pull-through from pancreatic duct and common bile duct to duodenum. Pancreatic duct sphincter pressures were higher with common bile duct stones and stenosis whereas bile duct sphincter pressures were higher in pancreatitis and stenosis. Bile duct sphincter activity was present in 60% of patients after surgical sphincteroplasty but 21% of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic manometry facilitated the diagnosis of papillary stenosis, has allowed study of papillary pathophysiology and has shown a functional inter-relationship between the two sphincteric zones.
Kinetic Parameters Estimation for Ascorbic Acid Degradation in Fruit Nectar Using the Partial Equivalent Isothermal Exposures (PEIE) Method under Non-Isothermal Continuous Heating Conditions (2001)

With the purpose of testing the Paired Equivalent Isothermal Exposures (PEIE) method to determine reaction kinetic parameters under non-isothermal conditions, continuous pasteurizations were carried out with a tropical fruit nectar [25% cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) pulp and 15% sugar] to estimate the ascorbic acid thermal degradation kinetic parameters. Fifteen continuous thermal exposures were studied, with seven being cycled. The experimental ascorbic acid thermal degradation kinetic parameters were estimated by the PEIE method (E(a) = 73 +/- 9 kJ/mol, k(8)(0)( degrees )(C) = 0.017 +/- 0.001 min(-)(1)). These values compared very well to the previously determined values for the same product under isothermal conditions (E(a) = 73 +/- 7 kJ/mol, k(8)(0)( degrees )(C) = 0.020 +/- 0.001 min(-)(1)). The predicted extents of reaction presented a good fit to the experimental data, although the cycled thermal treatments presented some deviation. In addition to being easier and faster than the Isothermal method, the PEIE method can be a more reliable method to estimate first-order reaction kinetic parameters when continuous heating is considered.
Near-Field Spectral Effects due to Electromagnetic Surface Excitations (2000)

We demonstrate theoretically that the spectra of electromagnetic emission of surface systems can display remarkable differences in the near and the far zones. The spectral changes occur due to the loss of evanescent modes and are especially pronounced for systems which support surface waves.
Aim18p and Aim46p are CHI-domain-containing mitochondrial hemoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2022)

ABSTRACT Chalcone isomerases (CHIs) have well-established roles in the biosynthesis of plant flavonoid metabolites. Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses two predicted CHI-like proteins, Aim18p (encoded by YHR198C) and Aim46p (YHR199C), but it lacks other enzymes of the flavonoid pathway, suggesting that Aim18p and Aim46p employ the CHI fold for distinct purposes. Here, we demonstrate that Aim18p and Aim46p reside on the mitochondrial inner membrane and adopt CHI folds, but they lack select active site residues and possess an extra fungal-specific loop. Consistent with these differences, Aim18p and Aim46p lack chalcone isomerase activity and also the fatty acid-binding capabilities of other CHI-like proteins, but instead bind heme. We further show that diverse fungal homologs also bind heme and that Aim18p and Aim46p possess structural homology to a bacterial hemoprotein. Collectively, our work reveals a distinct function and cellular localization for two CHI-like proteins, introduces a new variation of a hemoprotein fold, and suggests that ancestral CHI-like proteins were hemoproteins.
Interactions of hemoglobin S with the red cell membrane. (1981)

Significant differences were observed in the binding of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S to normal red cell membranes containing the fluorescent chromophore 12-(9-anthroyl) stearic acid. Deoxyhemoglobin S had a greater affinity for the membrane than did deoxyhemoglobin A and part of the binding of deoxyhemoglobin S appeared to be irreversible. When the hemoglobin binding site in red cell membranes, Band 3, was blocked with with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, neither hemoglobin S nor A was bound. It is suggested that the binding sites for hemoglobin S to normal red cell membranes involves two steps: (1) the binding of hemoglobin to Band 3 in which increased binding reflects the greater positive charge followed by (2) a component of irreversible binding, believed to reflect an interaction between a hydrophobic area of hemoglobin S and red cell lipids.
Fault-Tolerant Techniques for Ambient Intelligent Distributed Systems (2003)

Ambient Intelligent Systems provide an unexplored hardware platform for executing distributed applications under strict energy constraints. These systems must respond quickly to changes in user behavior or environmental conditions and must provide high availability and fault-tolerance under given quality constraints. These systems will necessitate fault-tolerance to be built into applications. One way to provide such fault-tolerance is to employ the use of redundancy. Hundreds of computational devices will be available in deeply networked ambient intelligent systems, providing opportunities to exploit node redundancy to increase application lifetime or improve quality of results if it drops below a threshold. Pre-copying with remote execution is proposed as a novel, alternative technique of code migration to enhance system lifetime for ambient intelligent systems. Self-management of the system is considered in two different scenarios: applications that tolerate graceful quality degradation and applications with single-point failures. The proposed technique can be part of a design methodology for prolonging the lifetime of a wide range of applications under various types of faults, despite scarce energy resources.
Hybridization of SOAs on Si platform for routing applications (2003)

Hybridization of SOA active component on passive Si or SiO/sub 2//Si platform provides a key building block for DWDM optical networks and advanced optical signal processing. Hybrid approach allows to reach high performances and cost effective solutions. Component and platform designs, hybridization principles and preliminary static results are reported.
CDA with RTA in a mixed environment (2009)

Procedures for continuous descent approach (CDA) and optimized profile descents (OPD) are being fielded to allow aircraft to approach moderately dense terminal areas while flying efficient, near-idle descent trajectories that save fuel, and reduce emissions and noise. However, CDA operations can have a negative impact on the airspace throughput and controller workload. Air traffic management automation systems are being developed and fielded to assist controllers in handling more aircraft and larger airspace per controller. Many of these systems are time-based and built to predict the aircraft trajectories as accurately as possible. Three technologies that can assist ATM automation systems in enabling CDA operations in dense terminal areas while maintaining or increasing airspace throughput and safety: controller pilot data-link communications (CPDLC), automatic dependent surveillance contract, extended projected profile (ADS-C EPP), required time-of-arrival control (RTA). Initial trials using RTA capability have shown some challenges in integrating RTA and non-RTA aircraft due to the structural shape of the speed profile strategy (how the speeds are chosen in different flight segments), and the automatic speed adjustments made by the RTA algorithm in response to observed trajectory error. Both of these issues can reduce the relative spacing between aircraft in trail. This paper presents an operational concept for how the RTA capability can enable the use of CDA procedures in high density traffic in a mixed equipage environment, either with or without the use of digital data link.
Aminoacyl Transfer Rate Dictates Choice of Editing Pathway in Threonyl-tRNA Synthetase (2010)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases hydrolyze aminoacyl adenylates and aminoacyl-tRNAs formed from near-cognate amino acids, thereby increasing translational fidelity. The contributions of pre- and post-transfer editing pathways to the fidelity of Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) were investigated by rapid kinetics. In the pre-steady state, asymmetric activation of cognate threonine and noncognate serine was observed in the active sites of dimeric ThrRS, with similar rates of activation. In the absence of tRNA, seryl-adenylate was hydrolyzed 29-fold faster by the ThrRS catalytic domain than threonyl-adenylate. The rate of seryl transfer to cognate tRNA was only 2-fold slower than threonine. Experiments comparing the rate of ATP consumption to the rate of aminoacyl-tRNA(AA) formation demonstrated that pre-transfer hydrolysis contributes to proofreading only when the rate of transfer is slowed significantly. Thus, the relative contributions of pre- and post-transfer editing in ThrRS are subject to modulation by the rate of aminoacyl transfer.
The characteristics of 78 related airfoil sections from tests in the variable-density wind tunnel (1932)

An investigation of a large group of related airfoils was made in the NACA variable-density wind tunnel at a large value of the Reynolds number. The tests were made to provide data that may be directly employed for a rational choice of the most suitable airfoil section for a given application. The variation of the aerodynamic characteristics with variations in thickness and mean-line form were systematically studied. (author).
Host genetic background affects response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in a B16 melanoma model using Diversity Outbred mice (2019)

Abstract Historically metastatic melanoma has been associated with poor prognosis. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have greatly improved patient survival in metastatic melanoma, but a significant proportion of patients fail to respond to therapy. To explore the effect of genetic background on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy, we have developed a tumor immunotherapy model using genetically heterogeneous Diversity Outbred (DO) mice and the C57BL/6 syngeneic B16F0 melanoma model. To implement genetic diversity, DO mice were crossed with C57BL/6 to generate (C57BL/6xDO)F1 mice. Untreated (C57BL/6xDO)F1 mice (n=17) reliably develop B16F0 tumors after subcutaneous inoculation, with some variation in tumor onset (8.2 +/− 4.1 days, CV 49.9%). In a pilot immunotherapy study, 20 (C57BL/6xDO)F1 mice were treated with anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA4 on days 12, 14, and 16, after tumors were palpable (mean onset 6.8 +/− 4.6 days, CV 68.2%). Tumor tissue was collected on day 19 and CD8 T cell infiltration was analyzed by IHC and qPCR. Mice with reduced tumor growth showed an increase presence of CD8+ cells and IFN-g expression. To further test the role of genetics in response, a second cohort of C57BL/6xDO)F1 mice (n=95) was treated with combined anti-PD1/anti-CTLA-4 on days 3, 6, and 10 after B16F0 inoculation. In this larger trial, mice receiving therapy show wide variation in tumor onset up to 61 days (mean 13.6 +/− 8.9, CV 65.2%), with 10 never developing tumor by day 88. This data further suggests that the genetic background significantly influences response to treatment and validates further testing of this model and subsequent Quantitative Trait Locus analysis. Supported by NIH R37 CA220482.
Atrial Fibrillation Significantly Increases Total Mortality and Stroke Risk Beyond that Conveyed by the CHADS2 Risk Factors (2009)

The CHADS2 score is a powerful predictor of stroke and death. AF increases the risk of these outcomes in an independent manner. These data support the concept that AF is a risk factor of future cardiovascular disease.
iAlign: a method for the structural comparison of protein–protein interfaces (2010)

The iAlign software package is freely available at http://cssb.biology.gatech.edu/iAlign.
The Mechanisms of Polystyrene Destruction Under Influence of Powerful UV-Radiation: Initial Stages (1992)

Abstract Physical processes stipulating photoinitiation of polystyrene destruction under influence of powerful UV-radiation treatment are considered. The experimental results on its photolysis at UV-irradiation in different spectral ranges are given confirming the decisive role of triplet-triplet transfer of excitation energy from benzene rings to simple bonds, and triplet-triplet annihilation on the initial stages of photodestruction. Key Words: PolystyrenedegradationUV-radiation
Electrically Addressable Parallel Nanowires with 30 nm Spacing from Micromolding and Nanoskiving (2008)

This paper describes the fabrication of arrays of parallel, electrically addressable metallic nanowires by depositing alternating layers of thin films of metal and polymer-both planar and topographically patterned-and sectioning the laminated structures with an ultramicrotome (nanoskiving). The structures that resulted from this process had two distinct regions: one in which parallel Au nanowires were separated by a minimum distance of 30 nm, and one in which the nanowires diverged such that the distal ends were individually addressable by low-resolution (> or =10 microm) photolithography. Conductive polyaniline (PANI) was electrochemically deposited across the nanowire electrodes to demonstrate their electrical addressability, continuity, and physical separation. Before deposition, the wires were electrically isolated; with the PANI, they were electrically connected. After dry etching to remove the polymer, the gap between the nanowire electrodes returned to an insulating state. This procedure provides a method for making wires with dimensions and separations of <50 nm without the use of e-beam or focused-ion-beam "writing" and opens applications in organic and molecular electronics, chemical and biological sensing, and other fields where nanoscale distances between parallel conductive electrodes are desirable.
Human-robot interaction for robotic grasping: a pilot study (2005)

In this paper, a pilot study is conducted to explore developing a human-robot interaction language that specifically targets robotic grasping. The short term goal is to help nontechnical users command and control a simple robotic arm to grasp small objects. The long term objective is to use this language to enable skill transfer of grasping skills between nontechnical users and personal service robots. The study included a small group of participants with various technical backgrounds. They were asked to use a primitive set of commands to instruct a CRS robotic arm to grasp five small objects which are typically difficult to grasp. The findings of this pilot study are presented along with further insight gathered from participant feedback.