gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rolling Conditions on Rolling Load, Rolling Torque and Power Consumption in Heavy Reduction Rolling by the Rotary Reduction Mil1. (1995)

TheRotary Reduction Mi ll, called the RR M, has beendeveloped to reduce solid metallic materials efficiently in a one-pass opcration. This RRM is a rotary mill, in which three rolls are arranged around the pass line, and the roll-axes are inclined or are inclinable to the pass line. This paper reports the effect of rotary rolling conditions on rolling load, rolling torque and power consumption in the RRM.To investigate the effect, heavy-reduction rolling was carried out by hot-rolling solid materials, such as C-steel (~45C), stainless steels and high-Ni alloys, in the RRM. In this paper, first, the effect of face angle of rolling (i.e. "roll face angle minus cross angle") on feed efficiency will be discussed. Next, the effects of various other rotary rolling conditions (including cross and feed angles, face angle of rolling, elongation ratio, rolling temperature, roll surface conditions and roll diameter) on rolling load, rolling torque and power consumption in rotary rolling will be described in detail.
Chromosome aberrations produced by ionizing radiation: Monte Carlo simulations and chromosome painting data (1995)

Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze the reshuffling of chromosome segments which occurs when DNA is damaged by ionizing radiation. Programs are based on either Sax's classic breakage-and-reunion model or Revell's exchange model for chromosome aberrations. The simulations quantify the predictions of the two models in complete detail, using only one adjustable parameter which corresponds to total radiation dose. While testing subroutines, new analytic results on the chromosome/arm/break method of classifying aberrations were obtained. The model predictions were tested by using three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 'chromosome painting' on human lymphocyte cells irradiated with gamma-rays. Some of the per-cell aberration frequencies were observed to be intermediate between the predictions of the two models. This result indicates proximity 'effects', due to localization of chromosome interactions in space and time. Predictions based on chromosome arm lengths were found to be in good agreement with experiment. Monte Carlo simulations are a powerful, flexible way to compare models of chromosome aberration production with experiments quantitatively, using a minimum of theoretical presumptions.
ATP concentration gradients in cytosol of liver cells during hypoxia (1985)

The activities of two ATP-requiring systems with different subcellular localizations were studied in cells in which average cellular ATP concentration was varied. The cytosolic ATP-sulfurylase activity varied linearly with the cellular ATP concentration; however, the plasma membrane Na+-K+-ATPase was substantially more sensitive to decreased ATP concentration. Under conditions where the cellular ATP concentration was lowered to 40% of control, Rb+ uptake was nearly zero. The results indicate that ATP-utilizing enzymes located in the plasma membrane in liver cells are exposed to a lower ATP concentration than are enzymes present in the cytosolic fluid surrounding the mitochondria. Analysis of radial diffusion of ATP from mitochondria, assuming that mitochondria are spherical and ATP consumption is zero order in ATP concentration, shows that the average ATP supply radius decreases as mitochondrial ATP production decreases. Hence, during limited ATP supply, enzymes with a greater average distance from mitochondria (e.g., plasma membrane ATPases) experience a more dramatic decrease in ATP concentration than enzymes in close proximity to mitochondria (e.g., cytoplasmic enzymes). Thus microheterogeneity of ATP supply can occur in cells without membranal compartmentation due to nonuniform distribution of ATP-generating and ATP-consuming systems.
The landscape of aging and maturation signatures of mouse oocyte development (2019)

Female fertility declines dramatically with age, and childbearing at advanced maternal age is a big health concern due to greater risk of early pregnancy‐related complications such as miscarriage, genetic disorders, and ectopic pregnancy. The negative impact on fertility caused by advanced maternal aging is also implicated in assisted reproduction technologies. A major factor that accounts for fertility deterioration in older women is poor oocyte quality. By applying RNA‐seq, we compared transcriptome profiles of GV and MII oocytes from the young and old group. We identified 4613 maturation‐related DEGs at the young age and 4223 maturation‐related DEGs at old age. Then, we compared the maturation‐related dynamics at the young age against the maturation‐related dynamics at old age. These DEGs showed high Pearson's correlation (r = 0.8181), suggesting that most of them shared the same maturational expression pattern. To characterize DEGs whose maturational expression changes were affected by age, we established a linear regression model and used a statistical cutoff (95% prediction interval) to define 260 DMRs. The signatures will contribute to novel knowledge essential to the development of assays and treatments for female reproductive aging. Support or Funding Information Hong Kong Collaborative Research Fund C4054‐16G This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Clinical, histological and genetic characterization of reducing body myopathy caused by mutations in FHL1 (2008)

We recently identified the X-chromosomal four and a half LIM domain gene FHL1 as the causative gene for reducing body myopathy, a disorder characterized by progressive weakness and intracytoplasmic aggregates in muscle that exert reducing activity on menadione nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT). The mutations detected in FHL1 affected highly conserved zinc coordinating residues within the second LIM domain and lead to the formation of aggregates when transfected into cells. Our aim was to define the clinical and morphological phenotype of this myopathy and to assess the mutational spectrum of FHL1 mutations in reducing body myopathy in a larger cohort of patients. Patients were ascertained via the detection of reducing bodies in muscle biopsy sections stained with menadione-NBT followed by clinical, histological, ultrastructural and molecular genetic analysis. A total of 11 patients from nine families were included in this study, including seven sporadic patients with early childhood onset disease and four familial cases with later onset. Weakness in all patients was progressive, sometimes rapidly so. Respiratory failure was common and scoliosis and spinal rigidity were significant in some of the patients. Analysis of muscle biopsies confirmed the presence of aggregates of FHL1 positive material in all biopsies. In two patients in whom sequential biopsies were available the aggregate load in muscle sections appeared to increase over time. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that cytoplasmic bodies were regularly seen in conjunction with the reducing bodies. The mutations detected were exclusive to the second LIM domain of FHL1 and were found in both sporadic as well as familial cases of reducing body myopathy. Six of the nine mutations affected the crucial zinc coordinating residue histidine 123. All mutations in this residue were de novo and were associated with a severe clinical course, in particular in one male patient (H123Q). Mutations in the zinc coordinating residue cysteine 153 were associated with a milder phenotype and were seen in the familial cases in which the boys were still more severely affected compared to their mothers. We expect the mild end of the spectrum to significantly expand in the future. On the severe end of the spectrum we define reducing body myopathy as a progressive disease with early, but not necessarily congenital onset, distinguishing this condition from the classic essentially non-progressive congenital myopathies.
Rapid calculation of near-field fluence of HPM antennas (1992)

The calculation of near-field fluences of high-power microwave (HPM) antennas is reviewed. Near-fields close to large square or circular antennas are calculated rapidly using the geometric theory of diffraction; one specular and two edge-diffracted rays are used. In the principal planes, accuracy is roughly 2 dB at the -40-dB level, for both uniform and tapered excitations. A universal power density curve is obtained along a line parallel to the aperture, when the distance to the line is normalized by 2D/sup 2// lambda , and the transverse distance is normalized by D (where lambda is the radiation wavelength and D is the aperture width). Diagonal plane fields are calculated using equivalent edge currents via a single numerical integration. Fluence envelopes are obtained in the sidelobe region simply by summing the magnitudes of the two edge rays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spacetime constraints (1988)

Spacetime constraints are a new method for creating character animation. The animator specifies what the character has to do, for instance, "jump from here to there, clearing a hurdle in between;" how the motion should be performed, for instance "don't waste energy," or "come down hard enough to splatter whatever you land on;" the character's physical structure ---the geometry, mass, connectivity, etc. of the parts; and the physical resources' available to the character to accomplish the motion, for instance the character's muscles, a floor to push off from, etc. The requirements contained in this description, together with Newton's laws, comprise a problem of constrained optimization. The solution to this problem is a physically valid motion satisfying the "what" constraints and optimizing the "how" criteria. We present as examples a Luxo lamp performing a variety of coordinated motions. These realistic motions conform to such principles of traditional animation as anticipation, squash-and-stretch, follow-through, and timing.
Highly Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Nitro-Mannich Type Reaction:  Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling between sp3 C−H Bond and sp3 C−H Bond (2005)

A novel C-C bond formation method was developed via the cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) reaction catalyzed by using copper bromide in the presence of an oxidizing reagent, tert-BuOOH. The CDC reaction provides a simple and efficient catalytic method to construct beta-nitroamine via the reaction between sp3 C-H and sp3 C-H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Access to N‐(Un)substituted Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones: Unusual Formation of Regioisomeric Isoquinolin‐1(4H)‐ones. (2014)

Abstract The coupling—cyclization reaction of 2‐iodobenzamides (I) with terminal alkynes (II) in the presence of a catalytic amount of cupric acetate leads to isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones (III), whilst the reaction of amide (Ia) with alkynes (II) in the presence of excess Cu(O‐Ac) 2 affords regioisomeric isoquinolin‐1(4H)‐ones (IV).
Att förebygga livmoderhalscancer: Gynekologisk cellprovtagning samt vaccination mot Papillomvirus. (2004)

En förutsättning för insjuknande i cervixcancer är en infektion med genitalt papillomvirus - HPV. Sjukdomen uppstår efter åratal av förstadier, som kan upptäckas genom cervixcytologi/gynekologisk cellprovstagning och stoppas med behandling. I Sverige har cellprovstagningen minskat förekomsten av livmoderhalscancer med 50 procent. I Finland, där man använder organiserad screening, har förekomsten minskat med 80 procent. Organiserad cellprovstagning är hälsoekonomiskt lönsamt.
Clinical Correlates of Methylphenidate Blood Levels (1984)

The clinical correlates of methylphenidate blood levels in hyper-active children and normal adults were examined in five studies. Although occasional correlations between blood levels and neuroendocrine response were noted within subjects along the pharmacokinetic time profile of the drug, no significant associations were found between blood levels and clinical response in behavioral measures or laboratory tests of attention or activity. It is unlikely that routine methylphenidate blood level determinations will become a part of the routine clinical management of hyperactive children.
Genetic Variants in the Folate Pathway and the Risk of Neural Tube Defects: A Meta-Analysis of the Published Literature (2013)

Our meta-analysis strongly suggested a significant association of the variant MTHFR C677T and a suggestive association of RFC-1 A80G with increased risk of NTDs. However, other variants involved in folate pathway do not demonstrate any evidence for a significant marginal association on susceptibility to NTDs.
Dual-Domain Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Flexible Segmentation and Adaptive Embedding (2019)

This paper proposes a novel dual-domain audio watermarking approach based on flexible segmentation and adaptive embedding aimed to improve robustness and imperceptibility. Compared with conventional watermarking strategies, the proposed approach has two advantages. First, a novel audio beat detection approach is designed to flexibly segment the audio, which provides stronger robustness to synchronization attacks. The audio is decomposed by the discrete wavelet packet transform. Then, the covariance relationships of the decomposition coefficients at different time instants are calculated to determine the locations of the beats and to establish a flexible segmentation model. Second, a dual-domain embedding approach is proposed to realize better robustness to compression attacks while maintaining imperceptibility. In each segment, the psychoacoustic model is used to calculate the audio masking threshold, which divides the signals into the masking signal domain and masked signal domain. The signals in the masking signal domain are robust to compression attacks, and the signals in the masked signal domain have better imperceptibility. To combine these advantages, we embed the watermark into the two domains simultaneously by using the distortion-compensated dither modulation quantization approach. To reduce the impact of the watermark on the original audio, the frequency band with the lowest mask-to-noise ratio is selected as the embedding position for each domain. Moreover, the adaptive quantization steps are calculated to control the embedding strength according to the masking effect. The adaptive embedding will improve the robustness to compression attacks without significantly affecting the original audio quality. The effectiveness of our approach is verified through simulation experiments.
FeatherWeight (2011)

The nanophotonic signaling technology enables efficient global communication and low-diameter networks such as crossbars that are often optically arbitrated. However, existing optical arbitration schemes incur costly overheads (e.g., waveguides, laser power, etc.) to avoid starvation caused by their inherent fixed priority, which limits their applicability in power-bounded future many-core processors. On the other hand, quality-of-service (QoS) support in the on-chip network is becoming necessary due to an increase in the number of components in the network. Most prior work on QoS in on-chip networks has focused on conventional multi-hop electrical networks, where the efficiency of QoS is hindered by the limited capabilities of electrical global communication. In this work, we exploit the benefits of nanophotonics to build a lightweight optical arbitration scheme, FeatherWeight, with QoS support. Leveraging the efficient global communication, we devise a feedback-controlled, adaptive source throttling scheme to asymptotically approach weighted max-min fairness among all the nodes on the chip. By re-using existing datapath components to exchange minimal global information, FeatherWeight provides freedom from starvation while resulting in negligible (< 1%) throughput loss compared to the best-effort baseline optical arbitration. In addition, FeatherWeight provides strong fairness, performance isolation, and differentiated service for a wide range of traffic patterns. Compared to state-of-art optical arbitration schemes, FeatherWeight reduces power consumption by up to 87% while reducing execution time by 7.5%, on average, across SPLASH-2 and MineBench traces, and improving throughput on synthetic traffic patterns by up to 17%.
β-Lactamase Inhibitors To Restore the Efficacy of Antibiotics against Superbugs (2019)

Infections caused by resistant bacteria are nowadays too common, and some pathogens have even become resistant to multiple types of antibiotics, in which case few or even no treatments are available. In recent years, the most successful strategy in anti-infective drug discovery for the treatment of such problematic infections is the combination therapy "antibiotic + inhibitor of resistance". These inhibitors allow the repurposing of antibiotics that have already proven to be safe and effective for clinical use. Three main types of compounds have been developed to block the principal bacterial resistance mechanisms: (i) β-lactamase inhibitors; (ii) outer membrane permeabilizers; (iii) efflux pump inhibitors. This Perspective is focused on β-lactamase inhibitors that disable the most prevalent cause of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., the deactivation of the most widely used antibiotics, β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporines, carbapenems, and monobactams), by the production of β-lactamases. An overview of the most recently identified β-lactamase inhibitors and of combination therapy is provided. The article also covers the mechanism of action of the different types of β-lactamase enzymes as a basis for inhibitor design and target inactivation.
Insulin-like growth factor-II increases and IGF is required for postnatal rat spinal motoneuron survival following sciatic nerve axotomy (1999)

The prolonged disconnection of nerve from muscle results in the death of motoneurons and permanent paralysis. Because clinical nerve injuries generally involve postbirth motoneurons, there is interest in uncovering factors that may support their survival. A rich history of research dating back to the time of Santiago Ramon y Cajal and Viktor Hamburger supports the inference that there are soluble neurotrophic factors associated with nerve and muscle. However, the endogenous factors normally required for motoneuron survival following nerve injury have eluded identification. Two interrelated hypotheses were tested: (1) administration of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) can support the survival of postbirth motoneurons, and (2) endogenous IGFs are essential for motoneuron survival following nerve injury. We report that IGF-II locally administered close to the proximal nerve stump prevented the death of motoneurons (estimated by relative numbers of neuronal profiles) which ordinarily follows sciatic nerve transection in neonatal rats. By contrast, anti-IGF antiserum, as well as IGF binding proteins-4 and -6, significantly increased (P < 0.01) motoneuron death. This report shows that IGF-II can support survival, and contains the novel observation that endogenous IGF activity in or near nerves is required for motoneuron survival. Other studies have determined that IGF gene and protein expression are increased in nerve and muscle following sciatic nerve crush, and that IGFs are required for nerve regeneration. Taken together, these data show that IGFs are nerve- and muscle-derived soluble factors that support motoneuron survival as well as nerve regeneration.
A War on Two Fronts: Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19 (2020)

Initial reports suggest that COVID-19 can be particularly lethal in patients with cancer. This commentary discusses how to balance a delay in cancer diagnosis or treatment against the risk for a potential COVID-19 exposure, mitigate the risks for significant care disruptions associated with social distancing behaviors, and manage the appropriate allocation of limited health care resources in this unprecedented time of health care crisis.
Comparison of self‐administration and face‐to‐face interview for surveys of low back pain in adolescents (2000)

The aim of this study was to compare self‐administration with face‐to‐face interview in the investigation of low back pain in adolescents. Fifty‐seven adolescents with low back pain (mean age 17.3 y; range 16–18) first completed a questionnaire and were then invited to an interview. Analysis included item completion, percentages of agreement and weighted kappa. Item completion rates were high and comparable between self‐administration and interview. Information between both methods was analogous for severity and localization of problems, sleep behaviour, medical consultation and sports/leisure activities. Onset, progression, duration of low back pain and some items on the influence of movement/positions presented less comparable data. Conclusion: Even when two different methods of data acquisition are used, results suggest that the method used does not change the interpretation of results in the case of most items.
Agarose gel electrophoresis system for the separation of antibiotics used in animal agriculture (1993)

A novel electrophoresis system using agarose gel has been developed for the separation and as an aid in the classification of antibiotics. This system utilizes Nunc cell factory disposable tissue culture dishes, which serve as bioassay dish and cooling chamber for agarose gel, in a custom designed electrophoresis unit. Tris(hydroxymethyl) methylamine-succinate buffer at pH 6.0 and 8.0 are employed as the electrolyte for electrophoresis. Bioautography was used as the indicator of mobility. Any agar diffusion assay can be modified to use this system. A suggested name for this system is Nunc cell factory agarose gel electrophoresis (NUAGE). Selected antibiotics, representative of the aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide, moenocinol, peptide, polyene, polyether, quinone and tetracycline classes, were separated with this system.
Images and spectra of inhibited light propagation in a 2-dimensional photonic lattice at 1.5 {micro}m (1996)

Using infrared light scattering microscopy, the authors have directly observed the inhibition of photon propagation in a 2-dimensional photonic lattice fabricated as a hexagonal array of AlGaAs posts. The lattice was formed by reactive ion etching of {approximately}400 nm diameter posts defined by electron beam lithography. The lattice design parameters correspond to a photonic bandgap near 1.5 {micro}m as calculated by Meade et al. This hexagonal array of posts is an improvement over early honeycomb lattices because it is easier to fabricate. The photonic lattice of 1.4 {micro}m high posts was incorporated into waveguide designed for single mode at 1.5 {micro}m. Several waveguide/lattice combinations were fabricated, including M-bar and K-bar lattice orientations aligned parallel to the waveguide and different numbers of lattice periods. The waveguide/lattice structures were fabricated on GaAs substrates that were subsequently thinned and cleaved to couple light into the waveguide facets. Using a specially designed triple infrared microscope system, they simultaneously imaged the input and output facets and the top surface of the waveguide as laser light was focused onto the input facet. Because of internal scattering in the waveguide, light is scattered upward outward and can be imaged with an infrared camera. Images for reflected input, waveguide scattered light, and transmitted output light for the waveguide with (left images) and without the photonic lattice (right images) are shown. The lefthand image shows how the lattice interrupts the transport of light through the waveguide.