gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Echicetin: a snake venom protein that inhibits binding of von Willebrand factor and alboaggregins to platelet glycoprotein Ib (1993)

Echicetin, a new protein isolated from Echis carinatus venom by reverse phase and ion exchange chromatography specifically inhibited agglutination of fixed platelets induced by several platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) agonists, such as bovine von Willebrand factor (vWF), alboaggregins, and human vWF in the presence of botrocetin. Unlike alboaggregins, echicetin bound to GPIb but did not induce agglutination of washed or fixed platelets. In contrast to disintegrins, it did not block adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in the presence of fibrinogen. The apparent molecular weight of echicetin measured on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis was 26 Kd under nonreducing conditions. On reduction, echicetin showed 16 and 14-Kd subunits suggesting that the molecule is a dimer. Reduced echicetin retained its binding activity and its inhibitory effect on the agglutination of fixed platelets induced by bovine vWF. 125I-echicetin bound to fixed platelets with high affinity (kd = 30 +/- 1.8 nmol/L) at 45,000 +/- 2,400 binding sites per platelet. The binding was selectively inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the 45-Kd N-terminal domain of platelet GPIb, but not by monoclonal antibodies to other regions on GPIb. Binding of 125I-bovine vWF to fixed platelets was strongly inhibited by echicetin. In contrast, bovine vWF showed a much weaker inhibitory activity on binding of 125I-echicetin to platelets. The half life of echicetin in blood was approximately 170 minutes with no detectable degradation. Echicetin significantly prolonged the bleeding time of mice, suggesting that it may inhibit vWF binding to GPIb in vivo as well as in vitro.
Advantages and Limitations of Quantum Routing (2023)

The swap gate is a ubiquitous tool for moving information on quantum hardware, yet it can be considered a classical operation because it does not entangle product states. Genuinely quantum operations could outperform swap for the task of permuting qubits within an architecture, which we call routing. We consider quantum routing in two models: (i) allowing arbitrary two-qubit unitaries, or (ii) allowing Hamiltonians with norm-bounded interactions. We lower bound the circuit depth or time of quantum routing in terms of spectral properties of graphs representing the architecture interaction constraints, and give a generalized upper bound for all simple connected n-vertex graphs. In particular, we give conditions for a superpolynomial classical-quantum routing separation, which exclude graphs with a small spectral gap and graphs of bounded degree. Finally, we provide examples of a quadratic separation between gate-based and Hamiltonian routing models with a constant number of local ancillas per qubit and of an Ω(n) speedup if we also allow fast local interactions.
Priming Increases the Amount of Interferon mRNA in Poly(rI).poly(rC)-treated L Cells (1979)

Priming by mouse interferon pre-treatment resulted in an accumulation of interferon mRNA in poly(rI).poly(rC)-treated L cells, starting early in the period of interferon synthesis. On electrophoresis, the priming activity of an interferon preparation co-migrated with the antiviral activity, which suggests identity of the functional principle(s) for these activities.
Multiple sites in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase associated with virological response to combination therapy (2000)

Use of clinical data to analyse virological response to combination therapy has revealed effects of baseline amino acid mutations at sites not previously identified as being important in antiretroviral resistance. Predictors of long-term responses were different from those involved in the short term and may require more complex analysis.
Adiabatic Passage with Spin Locking in Tm$^{3+}$:YAG (2012)

In low concentration Tm$^{3+}$:YAG, we observe efficient adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) of thulium nuclear spin over flipping times much longer than $T_2$. Efficient ARP with long flipping time has been observed in monoatomic solids for decades and has been analyzed in terms of spin temperature and of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a coupled spin ensemble. In low-concentration impurity-doped crystals the spin temperature concept may be questioned. A single spin model should be preferred since the impurity ions are weakly coupled together but interact with the numerous off-resonant matrix ions that originate the spin-spin relaxation. The experiment takes place in the context of quantum information investigation, involving impurity-doped crystals, spin hyperpolarization by optical pumping, and optical detection of the spin evolution.
Electric Conductivity (2023)

These recommendations are specifically for polymers and polymer systems showing a significant response to an electromagnetic field or one of its components (electric field or magnetic field), i.e., for electromagnetic-field-responsive polymer materials. The structures, processes, phenomena and quantities relating to this interdisciplinary field of materials science and technology are herein defined. Definitions are unambiguously explained and harmonized for wide acceptance by the chemistry, physics, polymer and materials science communities. A survey of typical electromagnetic-field-responsive polymers is included.
Disaster-Resilient Control Plane Design and Mapping in Software-Defined\n Networks (2015)

Communication networks, such as core optical networks, heavily depend on\ntheir physical infrastructure, and hence they are vulnerable to man-made\ndisasters, such as Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) or Weapons of Mass Destruction\n(WMD) attacks, as well as to natural disasters. Large-scale disasters may cause\nhuge data loss and connectivity disruption in these networks. As our dependence\non network services increases, the need for novel survivability methods to\nmitigate the effects of disasters on communication networks becomes a major\nconcern. Software-Defined Networking (SDN), by centralizing control logic and\nseparating it from physical equipment, facilitates network programmability and\nopens up new ways to design disaster-resilient networks. On the other hand, to\nfully exploit the potential of SDN, along with data-plane survivability, we\nalso need to design the control plane to be resilient enough to survive network\nfailures caused by disasters. Several distributed SDN controller architectures\nhave been proposed to mitigate the risks of overload and failure, but they are\noptimized for limited faults without addressing the extent of large-scale\ndisaster failures. For disaster resiliency of the control plane, we propose to\ndesign it as a virtual network, which can be solved using Virtual Network\nMapping techniques. We select appropriate mapping of the controllers over the\nphysical network such that the connectivity among the controllers\n(controller-to-controller) and between the switches to the controllers\n(switch-to-controllers) is not compromised by physical infrastructure failures\ncaused by disasters. We formally model this disaster-aware control-plane design\nand mapping problem, and demonstrate a significant reduction in the disruption\nof controller-to-controller and switch-to-controller communication channels\nusing our approach.\n
FacetZoom (2008)

Faceted browsing is a promising way to incrementally refine data sets. Current approaches do not scale well in terms of screen size and have shortcomings in interacting with hierarchical facets. This paper introduces FacetZoom, a novel multi-scale widget combining facet browsing with zoomable user interfaces. Hierarchical facets are displayed as space-filling widgets which allow a fast traversal across all levels while simultaneously maintaining context. We contribute both a seamless continuous navigation and a quick tap-and-center interaction. Two prototypes are described which successfully apply the space-structuring widget to continuous, sampled data and an information collection. A formative user study of the latter indicates that the interface scales well to small screens. FacetZoom is versatile and offers consistent searching and browsing behaviors in a multitude of applications and device settings.
Is a Single Entry Training Scheme for Intensive Care Medicine Both Inevitable and Desirable?* (2015)

The development of Intensive Care Medicine as a recognizable branch of medicine has been underway for more than half a century, with delivery by a number of different service models. This delivery may be entirely by related medical specialties, such as anesthesiology or pulmonology; alternatively, it may be as a standalone-recognized specialty and frequently by a hybrid of these two extremes. A country may have a completely different delivery model from neighboring countries, and different models may exist within a single country. Debate about the most appropriate method of providing critical care services frequently centers around the training. However, an alternative perspective is that training regimes only follow on from another objective, namely to have Intensive Care Medicine represented in important forums by dedicated critical care physicians. A historical perspective of the development of critical care in two countries over a 40-year period is discussed, whereby a transition from a multiple specialty provision of critical care medicine to that of a single binational pathway occurred. The perceived advantages and disadvantages are outlined, offering insights into how possible future challenges in a highly complex medical specialty can be anticipated and strategies formulated.
Thermoelectric Phenomena, Materials, and Applications (2011)

Over the past 10–15 years, there have been significant advances in the scientific understanding as well as in the performance of thermoelectric (TE) materials. TE materials can be incorporated into power generation devices that are designed to convert waste heat into useful electrical energy. These TE materials can also be used in solid-state refrigeration devices for cooling applications. The conversion of waste heat into electrical energy will certainly play a role in our current challenge for alternative energy technologies to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This article provides an overview of the various TE phenomena and discusses some of the primary TE materials that are currently being investigated. Several of the key parameters and terminology are defined and discussed along with an overview of some of the current and emerging technologies. The phonon glass–electron crystal approach to new TE materials for developing new materials is presented along with the role of solid-state crystal chemistry and the criteria for higher-performance TE materials. This article discusses TE phenomena, the selection criteria for higher-performance materials, and a few key materials.
Two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations and the heating effects associated with DC atmospheric pressure discharges during the post-streamer stage (2007)

Numerical results are presented for the development of the post-streamer discharge stage in atmospheric pressure air. The model used comprises Poisson, charged-particle continuity and Navier-Stokes equations developed in two-dimensional cylindrical axisymmetric co-ordinates. Applied direct current voltage of 20% above the breakdown threshold is applied in a 1 mm gap between two parallel plate electrodes. Starting from a single electron as the initial condition, the transitory regime from the streamer to the glow discharge is analysed, and the glow discharge is shown to consist of the cathode fall, negative glow, positive column and anode regions. The positive column is shown to propagate in the form of a return wave towards the anode. The very fast redistribution of the electric field just after the streamer hits the cathode is presented. Furthermore, the current density at the cathode fall and anode regions is shown to increase and extend radially outwards, justifying the inclusion of a two-dimensional axisymmetric model to study the radial effects in the discharge. Neutral gas heating starts to occur with the initiation of the post-streamer discharge stage, and the neutral gas temperature increases at the cathode by approximately 180 K.
Über funktionelle Eigenschaften von Sonnenblumenproteinen in Weizenteig 4. Mitt. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Wirkung einer Vorquellung von Sonnenblumen‐ und Soja‐Proteinisolaten bei verschiedenen pH‐Werten (1984)

Abstract Die hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften von Weizenteig sind durch Supplementierung mit modifizierten Proteinisolaten aus Sonnenblumensamen und Sojabohnen positiv beeinflußbar. Eine geeignete Maßnahme dazu stellt die Vorquellung der Proteinpräparate, insbesondere im alkalischen Milieu, dar. Diese führt zu einer extremen Erhöhung der Wasseraufnahme bei gleichzeitig verbesserter Knet‐ und Gärtoleranz während der Teigbereitung. Die Teiglockerung wird hingegen in bekannter Weise negativ beeinträchtigt, d. h. das maximale Teigvolumen nimmt ab.
Brain Health and the EEG: Toward Personalized Anesthesia Care for Older Patients (2022)

Your Patient's Brain| May 2022 Brain Health and the EEG: Toward Personalized Anesthesia Care for Older Patients Patrick L. Purdon, PhD; Patrick L. Purdon, PhD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Daniel J. Cole, MD, FASA Daniel J. Cole, MD, FASA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor May 2022, Vol. 86, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000830784.65419.6c Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Patrick L. Purdon, Daniel J. Cole; Brain Health and the EEG: Toward Personalized Anesthesia Care for Older Patients. ASA Monitor 2022; 86:1–9 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000830784.65419.6c Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: anesthesia care, brain, electroencephalography, older adult The brain under anesthesia is a marvel to behold. Although the electroencephalogram (EEG) is not a routine part of clinical anesthesia care, there is growing evidence that readily visible changes in the anesthesia-induced EEG are intimately linked to perioperative brain health. Induction of general anesthesia with propofol produces stereotyped oscillations or waves in the EEG that change form in a dose-dependent manner related to the patient's state of consciousness (Anesthesiology 2015;123:937-60). After administering an induction dose of propofol, as a patient becomes sedated, the EEG begins to show small beta oscillations, which alternate at a frequency between 12 to 25 cycles per second (Hz). Soon after, when the patient loses consciousness, a combination of alpha (8 to 12 Hz) and slow (~0.5 to 1 Hz) oscillations develop (PNAS 2013;110:E1142-51). Beyond this point, if the propofol concentration continues to rise, burst suppression may develop, characterized by flat... You do not currently have access to this content.
Information, programme, signal: dead metaphors that negate the agency of organisms (2020)

The metaphorical adoption of the concepts of information, program and signal introduced into biology the logic and implicit causal structure of the mathematical theories of information; this is inimical to biology. In turn, those metaphors have hindered the development of a theory of organisms by transferring the agency of organisms to natural selection and to DNA. Moreover, those metaphors introduced into biology the dualism software-hardware and a Laplacian causal structure. Instead, we propose to uphold the agency of the living by adopting three foundational principles for a theory of organisms: namely, 1) the principle of biological inertia (i.e., the default state of cells is proliferation and motility), 2) the principle of variation, and 3) the principle of organization.
Anapole States in Gap-Surface Plasmon Resonators (2022)

Anapole states associated with the destructive interference between dipole and toroidal moments result in suppressed scattering accompanied by strongly enhanced near fields. In this work, we comprehensively examine the anapole state formation in metal-insulator-metal configurations supporting gap surface-plasmon (GSP) resonances that are widely used in plasmonics. Using multipole decomposition, we show that in contrast to the common case of dielectric particles with out-of-phase superposition of electric and toroidal dipoles anapole states in GSP resonators are formed due to the compensation of magnetic dipole moments. Unlike anapole states in dielectric particles, magnetic anapole states in GSP resonator does not provide a pronounced suppression of scattering, but it features huge electric field enhancement, which we verify by numerical simulations and two-photon luminescence measurements. This makes the GSP resonator configuration very promising for use in a wide range of applications, ranging from nonlinear harmonic generation to absorption enhancement and sensing.
On the properties of full-order observers for sensorless induction motor drives (2007)

It is shown that a full-order observer for current, flux, and speed estimation of sensorless induction motor drives, under the assumption of fast current dynamics, has an equivalent implementations as a reduced-order observer for flux and speed estimation only. This reduced-order observer is analyzed. All gain selections which give stability for all operating conditions, including the regeneration mode (called complete stability), are found. Consequently, all gain selections of the full-order observer gains for which complete stability is obtained, under the assumption stated, are also found. This allows the stability properties of any candidate full-order observer gain selection to be evaluated.
Surface Forces between Hydrophilic Self-Assembled Monolayers in Aqueous Electrolytes (2000)

In this paper we present an atomic force microscopy (AFM) study on electrostatic and acid−base interactions between hydrophilic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with monoprotic ionizable acid functional groups (−COOH). As expected for surfaces composed of weak acid groups the surface potential and strength of interaction are sensitive to pH and ionic strength. Repulsive forces grow with the degree of ionization. At low fractional ionization, the surfaces experience attractions with a range larger than that expected for van der Waals interactions and the strength of adhesion is large. The strength of adhesion and extent of attractions diminish with increasing pH. As the surface groups ionize, at intermediate pH values, jump-in distances and adhesion grow with ionic strength and at high pH they saturate with increasing electrolyte concentration at values close to those expected for van der Waals interactions. However, the maximum charge is around 5% of the total expected for the surfaces. Thus, allowing sodium ions to bind, with a binding constant of pKNa = 3.7 and pKa = 6.3, ionic strength and pH dependencies of the surface charge can be described.
Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Viscosity of the Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate:  Viscosity and Density Relationships in Ionic Liquids (2007)

The viscosity of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) has been measured between (0 and 80) °C with a falling-body viscometer. High-pressure measurements were made at (10, 25, 50, and 75) °C to a maximum pressure of 300 MPa. The expanded uncertainty is estimated at ± 2 %. Modified Litovitz and Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT) equations are used to represent the temperature and pressure dependence. The Angell equation relating the strength parameter D, the VFT parameter T0, and the glass temperature Tg is again confirmed. Comparing D for the salts [BMIM]PF6, [HMIM]PF6, [OMIM]PF6, [BMIM]BF4, [OMIM]BF4, and [BMIM][Tf2N], we find D([BMIM]+) < D([HMIM]+) < D([OMIM]+) where the anion is common and D([Tf2N]-) < D(BF4-) < D(PF6-) where the cation is common. Densities and thermal expansivities between (0 and 90) °C at atmospheric pressure with overall uncertainty estimated at ± 0.000 05 g·cm-3 and ± 0.02·10-3 K-1 are also reported. The densities are compared with our previously published values for [BMIM]PF6, [HMIM]PF6, [OMIM]PF6, [OMIM]BF4, and [BMIM][Tf2N].
Scientific opinion on flavouring group evaluation 77, revision 3 (FGE.77Rev3): consideration of pyridine, pyrrole and quinoline derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.24Rev2 (2018)

The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the EFSA was requested to consider evaluations of flavouring substances assessed since 2000 by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and to decide whether further evaluation is necessary, as laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. The present consideration concerns a group of 22 pyridine, pyrrole and quinoline derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting). The revision of this consideration is made since additional genotoxicity data have become available for 6-methylquinoline [FL-no: 14.042]. The genotoxicity data available rule out the concern with respect to genotoxicity and accordingly the substance is evaluated through the Procedure. For all 22 substances [FL-no: 13.134, 14.001, 14.004, 14.007, 14.030, 14.038, 14.039, 14.041, 14.042, 14.045, 14.046, 14.047, 14.058, 14.059, 14.060, 14.061, 14.065, 14.066, 14.068, 14.071, 14.072 and 14.164] considered in this Flavouring Group Evaluation (FGE), the Panel agrees with the JECFA conclusion, 'No safety concern at estimated levels of intake as flavouring substances' based on the Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intake (MSDI) approach. Besides the safety assessment of these flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have also been evaluated, and the information is considered adequate for all the substances. For the following substances [FL-no: 13.134, 14.001, 14.030, 14.041, 14.042, 14.058, 14.072], the Industry has submitted use levels for normal and maximum use. For the remaining 15 substances, use levels are needed to calculate the modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intakes (mTAMDIs) in order to identify those flavouring substances that need more refined exposure assessment and to finalise the evaluation.
Therapy of Choice for the Empiric Treatment of the Febrile Neutropenic Patient (1986)

Patients who become neutropenic secondary to chemotherapy for malignancy are at high risk for bacterial infection. Since the most common organisms include enteric gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci, drug combinations have traditionally been used. In addition, available clinical evidence suggests that synergistic drug combinations are most effective in the treatment of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparative clinical trials have not shown any particular drug combination to be superior to others tested. Therefore, the drug choice for the combination should be based on local susceptibility patterns, clinical experience, and cost. Newer beta-lactam compounds are broader in spectrum and more potent than older drugs, and have been tested as sole agents in this setting. Although results appear promising for drugs such as cefoperazone or ceftazidime, the development of resistance and lack of adequate antistaphylococcal activity preclude routine use of these drugs. Imipenem is currently undergoing clinical trials for this purpose and appears to have the appropriate breadth of spectrum. However, frequent development of resistance among isolates of P. aeruginosa is problematic. At the present time a combination of an aminoglycoside and an extended-spectrum penicillin seems to be the therapy of choice for the febrile, neutropenic patient.