gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Bayesian Models for Latent Attribute Detection in Social Media (2021)

We present several novel minimally-supervised models for detecting latent attributes of social media users, with a focus on ethnicity and gender. Previouswork on ethnicity detection has used coarse-grained widely separated classes of ethnicity and assumed the existence of large amounts of training data such as the US census, simplifying the problem. Instead, we examine content generated by users in addition to name morpho-phonemics to detect ethnicity and gender. Further, weaddress this problem in a challenging setting where the ethnicity classes are more fine grained -- ethnicity classes in Nigeria -- and with very limited training data.
Ultrasonography of Inflammatory and Structural Lesions in Hand Osteoarthritis: An Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Agreement and Reliability Study (2021)

With ultrasound, substantial to excellent intrareader reliability was found for inflammatory features of hand OA. Interreader reliability was moderate, but overall high close agreement between readers suggests that better reliability is achievable after further training. Assessment of osteophytes in the STT joint and cartilage in the PIP joints achieved less reliability and the latter is not endorsed.
On practical crosslayer aspects in 3GPP video services (2007)

In this work we introduce 3GPP video services and discuss both the concept of service provision and Quality-of-Service (QoS) achievement. 3GPP video services are supported by many different QoS tools, which are applied depending on network conditions and service constraints. Despite the fact that the 3GPP QoS concept does not encourage complex cross-layer design, it is nevertheless possible to improve the performance of 3GPP video services tremendously by using the appropriate combination of tools. Three examples in the area of multimedia telephony and multimedia broadcast are provided, which support this statement.
Small signal characteristics of thin film single halo SOI MOSFET for mixed mode applications (2003)

In this paper, we report a study on the small signal characterization and simulation of single halo (SH) thin film silicon-on-insulators (SOI) nMOSFETs for analog and mixed signal applications. The single halo structure has a high pocket impurity concentration near the source end of the channel and low impurity concentration in the rest of the channel. Besides excellent DC output characteristics, the experimental characterization results of these devices show better V/sub th/-L roll-off, low DIBL, higher breakdown voltages and kink free operation. Small signal characterization of these devices shows higher AC transconductance, higher output resistance and better dynamic intrinsic gain (g/sub m/R/sub o/) in comparison with the conventional (CON) homogeneously doped SOI MOSFETs. Also, the low drain junction capacitance as a result of low impurity concentration near the drain region is beneficial for improved circuit performance.
Recovering free space of indoor scenes from a single image (2012)

In this paper we consider the problem of recovering the free space of an indoor scene from its single image. We show that exploiting the box like geometric structure of furniture and constraints provided by the scene, allows us to recover the extent of major furniture objects in 3D. Our “boxy” detector localizes box shaped objects oriented parallel to the scene across different scales and object types, and thus blocks out the occupied space in the scene. To localize the objects more accurately in 3D we introduce a set of specially designed features that capture the floor contact points of the objects. Image based metrics are not very indicative of performance in 3D. We make the first attempt to evaluate single view based occupancy estimates for 3D errors and propose several task driven performance measures towards it. On our dataset of 592 indoor images marked with full 3D geometry of the scene, we show that: (a) our detector works well using image based metrics; (b) our refinement method produces significant improvements in localization in 3D; and (c) if one evaluates using 3D metrics, our method offers major improvements over other single view based scene geometry estimation methods.
All-fiber polarization interference filters based on 45°-tilted fiber gratings (2012)

We report all-fiber polarization interference filters, known as Lyot and Lyot-Őhman filters, based on alternative concatenation of UV-inscribed fiber gratings with structure tilted at 45° and polarization maintaining (PM) fiber cavities. Such filters generate comb-like transmission of linear polarization output. The free spectral range (FSR) of a single-stage (Lyot) filter is PM fiber cavity length dependent, as a 20 cm long cavity showed a 26.6 nm FSR while the 40 cm one exhibited a 14.8 nm FSR. Furthermore, we have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated all-fiber 2-stage and 3-stage Lyot-Őhman filters, giving more freedom in tailoring the transmission characteristics.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Identification of α-Enolase as an Autoantigen in Lung Cancer: Its Overexpression Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Identification of α-Enolase as an Autoantigen in Lung Cancer: Its Overexpression Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes
Intracochlear Potential Recorded with Micropipets. II. Responses in the Cochlear Scalae to Tones (1971)

Cochlear potential response to tones was recorded with glass micropipets in all three scalae of the basal region of the cochlea of 32 anesthetized cats. The fundamental component of the potential (referred to an electrode on the chin) is represented by complex amplitudes EV, EM, ET, where the subscripts denote the scala in which the potential was recorded. EM/EV is relatively independent of stimulus level and frequency and has a magnitude of approximately 1.0–1.8 and an angle of approximately zero. EM/ET is dependent on stimulus level and frequency. Its magnitude is as large as 10 at frequencies below 300 Hz and decreases for higher frequencies. The angle of the ratio increases from approximately zero at 100 Hz to a value between +90° and +180° above 1000 Hz. Similar results were obtained from two cochleas with a severed auditory nerve, which implies that these results apply to the cochlear microphonic (CM) potential response to tones. An electric-network model of the spatial distribution of CM is analyzed.
Police decision making: an examination of conflicting theories (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare two conflicting theoretical frameworks that predict or explain police decision making. Klinger's ecological theory proposes that an increased level of serious crimes in an area decreases the likelihood an officer will deal with order‐maintenance issues, while Fagan and Davies suggest an increase in low‐level disorder will increase order maintenance behavior of police officers. Design/methodology/approach Using a vignette research design, the authors examines factors that may contribute to police officers’ decision to make a traffic stop in four jurisdictions with varying levels of serious crime. Ordered logistic regression with robust standard errors was used in the analysis. Findings Analysis of the findings demonstrates that officers who work in higher crime areas are less likely to stop a vehicle, as described in the vignettes. Additional predictors of police decision to stop include vehicles driven by teenaged drivers and drivers who were speeding in a vehicle. Research limitations/implications The current research is limited to an adequate but fairly small sample size ( n =204), and research design that examines hypothetical scenarios of police decision making. Further data collection across different agencies with more officers and more variation in crime levels is necessary to extend the current findings. Originality/value This paper adds to the literature in two primary ways. First, it compares two competing theoretical claims to examine a highly discretionary form of police behavior and second, it uniquely uses a vignette research design to tap into an area of police behavior that is difficult to study (e.g. the decision not to stop).
Role of steric interactions in the delta opioid receptor selectivity of [d‐Pen2,d‐Pen5]enkephalin (1988)

In order to assess the individual effects of each of the 3-methyl groups in residue 2 of [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin on binding affinity to mu and delta opioid receptors, (2S,3S)methylcysteine ((3S)Me-D-Cys) and (2S,3R)methylcysteine ((3R)Me-D-Cys) were synthesized and incorporated into the analogs, [(3S)Me-D-Cys2, D-Pen5] enkephalin and [(3R)Me-D-Cys2, D-Pen5]enkephalin. Of these analogs, [(3S)Me-D-Cys2, D-Pen5]enkephalin appears from 1H n.m.r. spectra to assume a conformation similar to those of [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin and the less delta receptor-selective, but more potent, [D-Cys2, D-Pen5]enkephalin. Assessment of binding affinity to mu and delta receptors revealed that [(3S)Me-D-Cys2, D-Pen5]enkephalin exhibits delta receptor affinity intermediate between [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin and [D-Cys2, D-Pen5]enkephalin while its mu receptor affinity is similar to that of [D-Cys2, D-Pen5]enkephalin. These results suggest that, for [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, adverse steric interactions between the D-Pen2 pro-R methyl group and the mu receptor binding site lead to the low mu receptor binding affinity observed for this analog. By contrast, both the pro-R and pro-S D-Pen2 methyl groups lead to minor steric interactions which contribute to the somewhat lower delta receptor affinity of this compound.
Pyrazolopyridines I: Synthesis of Some Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylates (2013)

A series of ethyl 3-methyl-1-phenyl-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylates were prepared by the reaction of 5-amino-3methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole with various aromatic aldehydes and ethyl pyruvate. The structure elucidation of the prepared compounds was carried out by spectroscopic techniques (mass, IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR).
Exploring the Energetics of the Lithium Ion-Organic Carbonate Interaction: A FTIR and DFT Study (2017)

Lithium ion batteries have become a growing concern due to their inherent problems of safety and performance. To this end, the possibility of replacing the highly flammable carbonate-based solvents of the electrolyte with safer analogues is being explored. However, the techniques used to predict which solvents may produce a good electrolyte require a large amount of testing. To overcome this problem, it is possible to use well established computational methods, though these methods require proper validation. In this study, the lithium ion-solvent interaction energies predicted from density functional theory (DFT) were compared with experimental values derived from infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The energetics is derived from IR experiments which measure the propensity of a cyclic carbonate to solvate the lithium ion in mixed solvent solutions. The results show good agreement between experiments and theory which validates the use of DFT to predict the solvent-ion interaction strength.
Explosive trace detection with FBAR-based sensor (2008)

This paper describes explosive trace detection through mass sensing with film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) coated with antibodies. Mass sensing for a specific explosive is done with the use of antibody made specifically for the targeted explosive. Antibodies were immobilized on the backside of FBAR mass sensors using an antibody immobilization protocol. When the specific explosive is exposed to the sensor, it binds to the antibody on the sensor, causing a shift in the resonant frequency of the FBAR sensor. This sensing technique has been shown to selectively detect vapor traces of TNT (Trinitrotoluene, a common explosive) and RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine which has one of the lowest vapor pressures among various explosives) without any pre-concentrator.
Recrystallization of silicon-on-sapphire by cw Ar laser irradiation: Comparison between the solid- and the liquid-phase regimes (1980)

The annealing behavior under cw Ar laser irradiation (LI) has been studied for 0.2–0.5-μm-thick silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) epitaxial films. Analysis by MeV He+ channeling shows that after LI in the solid phase, Si-implanted films, which had a buried amorphous layer beneth ≈30 Å of surface crystal, become crystalline, but are more defective than the original chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) films. By contrast, furnace annealing of similar layers significantly reduces the defect concentrations below the surface crystal, compared to the defect level in CVD SOS. LI of CVD or Si-implanted SOS in the liquid phase reduces the defect concentration throughout the film thickness, but the regrown films are laterally nonuniform and have a high Al content.
In vivo observation of urinary reflux using ultrasound contrast agents (1993)

Ivey, J. A. B.S.; Fowlkes, J. B. Ph. D.; Gardner, E. A. Ph.D.; Feitz, W. F.J. M.D.; Bloom, D. A. M.D.; Carson, P. L. Ph.D.; Rubin, J. M. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Observation of long range intensity correlation in the transport of coherent light through a random medium (1990)

We report experimental proof for the buildup of long range intensity correlations in the multiple scattering of classical waves, on the basis of a study of frequency-dependent intensity fluctuations in the transmitted wave, in experiments where coherent light is scattered by slabs of randomly distributed TiO2/air. Using different detection geometries, we measured fluctuations in tαβ and where tαβ is the transmission coefficient coupling the incoming channel α to the outgoing channel β.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Nagilactone F via Vinylsilane‐Terminated Cationic Cyclization. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Fluidic Load Cell (1974)

A possible fluidic load cell design consists of three parts: a structural member that deforms linearly with load, a fluidic strain gage having fluidic resistance that changes with deformation, and a three-stage laminar proportional amplifier-gain block that amplifies the change in strain gage through-flow to useful levels. This Technical Brief presents design relations for the first two parts of such a system. Two compressive load cells were built, incorporating different fabrication techniques and deformation-sensing methods. The loading range of these cells is about 0 to 20 kN (0 to 2 tons) with a dynamic range greater than 100 and a typical full-scale output pressure of 30 pascals (4 × 10−3 psi). Possible applications for fluidic load cells include force measurements in highly incendiary or radiative environments and/or when other fluid control circuitry is used.
Pancreatic cancer ductal cell of origin drives CD73-dependent generation of immunosuppressive adenosine (2021)

ABSTRACT The microenvironment that surrounds pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is profoundly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Understanding initial triggers of immunosuppression during the process of pancreatic tumorigenesis would aid in establishing novel targets for effective prevention and therapy. Here, we interrogate the differential molecular mechanisms dependent on cell of origin and pathology subtype that determine immunosuppression during PDAC initiation and in established tumors. Transcriptomic analysis of cell of origin dependent-epithelial gene signatures revealed that Nt5e /CD73, a cell surface enzyme that is the pacemaker for extracellular adenosine generation, is one of the top 10% of genes over-expressed in murine tumors arising from ductal pancreatic epithelium as opposed to those rising from acinar cells. These findings were confirmed by Imaging Mass Cytometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Our data indicate that ductal activation of oncogenic mutant Kras results in loss of PTEN and elevated AKT signaling which ultimately releases CD73 suppression. Delivery of CD73 small molecule inhibitors through various delivery routes reduced tumor development and growth in genetically engineered and syngeneic mouse models. Analysis in human PDAC subtypes indicates that high Nt5e in murine ductal PDAC models overlaps with high NT5E in human PDAC Squamous and Basal Subtypes, considered to have the highest immunosuppression and worst prognosis. These findings highlight a molecular trigger of the immunosuppressive PDAC microenvironment which is dependent on ductal cell of origin, linking biology with pathological subtype classification, critical components to personalized approaches for PDAC prevention and immunotherapeutic intervention. Abstract Figure
Do adipocytes contain high affinity sulfonylurea receptors (1994)

Sulfonylureas interact with specific, high affinity receptors on the pancreatic beta-cell to close ATP-sensitive K+ channels, depolarize the cell, activate Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, and trigger insulin secretion. We tested the hypothesis that sulfonylureas promote glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 cells or isolated rat adipocytes by similar mechanisms. Using 125I-labeled 5-iodo-2-hydroxyglyburide and either equilibrium binding or photoaffinity labeling, a high affinity sulfonylurea receptor was not found on plasma membranes of either the 3T3-L1 cells or rat adipocytes. Furthermore, glyburide did not inhibit 86Rb+ efflux (a marker for ATP-sensitive K+ channel conductance), increase free cytosolic calcium in adipocytes or 3T3-L1 cells, or increase basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 cells or rat adipocytes. Parallel studies using a hamster insulin-secreting tumor cell line (HIT cells) easily demonstrated both the receptor and biological effects of glyburide on free cytosolic calcium and insulin secretion. Thus, rat adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells do not possess the high affinity sulfonylurea receptor or respond to glyburide alone. We conclude that the antidiabetogenic effects of sulfonylureas are not mediated by a direct action of sulfonylureas to increase glucose uptake into adipose tissue and suggest that the major locus for sulfonylurea action is the beta-cell.
VASODILATORY ACTIVITY OF NOVEL CARBAMATE DERIVATIVES OF ISATIN (2008)

Isatin (1H-indole-2,3 dione) is an endogenous compound that may act as a physiological regulator of muscle contraction by reducing cGMP production by inhibition of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity. Intracellular cGMP levels can regulate the contractile response of smooth muscle. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effects of seven novel carbamate derivatives of isatin, namely C1-C7, on the contractility of aortic rings from Wistar rats. Carbamates C1 and C6 most effectively promoted endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings pretreated with 10 micromol/L phenylephrine (PE) to induce contraction. The concentration of the C1 and C6 carbamates necessary to reduce PE-induced aortic contraction by 50% (IC(50)) was 5.6 +/- 1.0 and 48.4 +/- 3.4 micromol/L, respectively. Carbamate derivative-induced vasodilation required an intact endothelium, which is responsible for nitric oxide (NO) release. Pretreatment of rings with 100 micromol/L naloxone or 10 micromol/L atropine prevented the C1- and C6-mediated vascular relaxation, indicating that the vasodilatory activity was dependent on the activation of opioid or muscarinic receptors, respectively. The results of our studies provide insights into the role of novel carbamates in the regulation of vascular tone. Carbamates could stimulate NO synthesis, which induces vasodilation primarily by stimulation of GC and cGMP production. Taken together, our findings suggest that carbamate derivative-induced vasodilation may be considered an alternative treatment for primary and/or secondary hypertension.
Does It Matter Whether One Takes a Test on an iPad or a Desktop Computer? (2016)

To investigate possible iPad related mode effect, we tested 403 8th graders in Indiana, Maryland, and New Jersey under three mode conditions through random assignment: a desktop computer, an iPad alone, and an iPad with an external keyboard. All students had used an iPad or computer for six months or longer. The 2-hour test included reading, math, and writing items adapted from released NAEP 8th grade tests. Overall, no significant difference was found on the reading, math, or writing section scores or section response time among the three mode conditions. Further, roughly comparable numbers of students reportedly favored testing using an iPad or a desktop computer, but using a preferred mode did not lead to significantly higher section scores. These findings suggest that there is no noticeable disadvantage associated with taking a test on an iPad than on a desktop computer for experienced users of these two studied devices.
Therapeutic response of intracranial Hodgkin's disease documented by brain scanning (1969)

Documented cases of intracranial Hodgkin's disease are rare. Most of these cases are demonstrated only at postmortem examination. The case reported herein illustrates effective treatment with irradiation of biopsy-proven intracranial Hodgkin's disease. Radioisotope scanning proved to be of particular value both in the original diagnosis of this problem and following the therapeutic response.
Replication control for distributed real-time database systems (2003)

An algorithm that integrates real-time scheduling with replication control is presented. The algorithm adopts a token-based scheme for replication control and attempts to balance the urgency of real-time transactions with the conflict resolution policies. In addition, the algorithm employs epsilon-serializability (ESR), a correctness criterion that is less stringent than conventional one-copy serializability. The algorithm is flexible and very practical, since no prior knowledge of data requirements or execution time of each transaction is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bump hunting to identify differentially methylated regions in epigenetic epidemiology studies (2012)

Our framework offers a comprehensive yet flexible approach for identifying genomic regions of biological interest in large epidemiological studies using quantitative high-throughput methods.
Simba (2021)

Package-level integration using multi-chip-modules (MCMs) is a promising approach for building large-scale systems. Compared to a large monolithic die, an MCM combines many smaller chiplets into a larger system, substantially reducing fabrication and design costs. Current MCMs typically only contain a handful of coarse-grained large chiplets due to the high area, performance, and energy overheads associated with inter-chiplet communication. This work investigates and quantifies the costs and benefits of using MCMs with finegrained chiplets for deep learning inference, an application domain with large compute and on-chip storage requirements. To evaluate the approach, we architected, implemented, fabricated, and tested Simba, a 36-chiplet prototype MCM system for deep-learning inference. Each chiplet achieves 4 TOPS peak performance, and the 36-chiplet MCM package achieves up to 128 TOPS and up to 6.1 TOPS/W. The MCM is configurable to support a flexible mapping of DNN layers to the distributed compute and storage units. To mitigate inter-chiplet communication overheads, we introduce three tiling optimizations that improve data locality. These optimizations achieve up to 16% speedup compared to the baseline layer mapping. Our evaluation shows that Simba can process 1988 images/s running ResNet-50 with a batch size of one, delivering an inference latency of 0.50 ms.