gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Standard Glycemic Control and in Those Without Diabetes Mellitus: Reconciling Results From ACCORD BP and SPRINT (2018)

Background Intensive systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) lowering significantly reduced cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) events in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) but not in ACCORD BP (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure). Methods and Results SPRINT tested the effects of intensive (<120 mm Hg) versus standard (<140 mm Hg) SBP goals on CVD events and all-cause mortality. Using 2×2 factorial design, ACCORD BP tested the same SBP intervention in addition to an intensive versus standard glycemia intervention. We compared the effects of intensive SBP lowering on the composite CVD end point and all-cause mortality in SPRINT with its effects within each of the glycemia arms in ACCORD BP . Intensive SBP lowering decreased the hazard of the composite CVD end point similarly in SPRINT (hazard ratio: 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.89) and in the ACCORD BP standard glycemia arm (hazard ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.95; interaction P=0.87). However, the effect of intensive SBP lowering on the composite CVD end point in the ACCORD BP intensive glycemia arm (hazard ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.29) was significantly different from SPRINT (interaction P=0.023). Patterns were similar for all-cause mortality. Conclusions The effects of intensive SBP control on CVD events and all-cause mortality were similar in patients without diabetes mellitus and in those with diabetes mellitus on standard glycemic control. An interaction between intensive SBP lowering and intensive glycemic control may have masked beneficial effects of intensive SBP lowering in ACCORD BP . Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifiers: NCT 01206062, NCT 00000620.
Superconducting Materials and Their Applications (2021)

This book provides a popular account of superconductivity and its applications for an interdisciplinary audience, including new entrants in this fascinating subject. It covers the characteristics of superconducting materials, particularly those with commercial applications, including MRI, MEG, high-field magnets, magnetometers, gradiometers, SQUID sensors and Josephson Junctions.
Ideal spatial summation is contrast dependent (2020)

We investigated the mechanisms underlying spatial summation with a masking paradigm. The targets were Gabor patterns placed at 3-deg eccentricity to either the left or right of the fixation and elongated along an arc of the same radius. The mask was either a concentric (iso-orientation mask) or a radial (orthogonal mask) Gabor pattern embedded in a ring with the same 3-deg center radius. The observers indicated whether the target in each trial was on the left or the right of the fixation. The Ψ staircase procedure was used to measure the threshold at 75% accuracy. With either the orthogonal or the low contrast iso-orientation masks, the target threshold first decreased with size with slope -1 up to a target length of 45’ (half-height full-width; HHFW) and further decreased with slope -1/2 on log-log coordinates. The latter is the signature of an ideal summation process with local independent noise. With a high-contrast iso-orientation mask, the target threshold, while showing the -1 slope up to 45’ HHFW, remained constant from 45’ to 210’ HHFW, suggesting that the presence of the mask eliminated summation. Beyond 210’, however, masked thresholds further decreased with -1 slope, suggesting the existence of a highly elongated summation channel that is not revealed by a conventional spatial summation paradigm. Our results can be explained by a divisive inhibition model in which a second-order filter sums responses across the linear excitation of the local channels raised by a power, and is rescaled by divisive inhibition from all local image components. Such divisive inhibition from the high-contrast iso-orientation masks swamps the response and eliminates the target size effects for ideal summation. The decision variable is a nonlinear combination of the the second order filter and the elongated filter responses.
Stress‐associated H3K4 methylation accumulates during postnatal development and aging of rhesus macaque brain (2012)

Epigenetic modifications are critical determinants of cellular and developmental states. Epigenetic changes, such as decreased H3K27me3 histone methylation on insulin/IGF1 genes, have been previously shown to modulate lifespan through gene expression regulation. However, global epigenetic changes during aging and their biological functions, if any, remain elusive. Here, we examined the histone modification H3K4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) in the prefrontal cortex of individual rhesus macaques at different ages by chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) at the whole genome level. Through integrative analysis of the ChIP-seq profiles with gene expression data, we found that H3K4me2 increased at promoters and enhancers globally during postnatal development and aging, and those that correspond to gene expression changes in cis are enriched for stress responses, such as the DNA damage response. This suggests that metabolic and environmental stresses experienced by an organism are associated with the progressive opening of chromatin. In support of this, we also observed increased expression of two H3K4 methyltransferases, SETD7 and DPY30, in aged macaque brain.
Semi-passive RFID and beyond: steps towards automated quality tracing in the food chain (2007)

Precise temperature monitoring is the major precondition to supervise quality losses within the transport chain for fresh products. Different types of miniaturised data loggers with electrical and semi-passive RFID interface were compared and applied to record spatial temperature profiles for typical transport situations. The resulting effects of the found temperature variations were evaluated by mathematical shelf-life modelling. Wireless sensor networks with active communication offer permanent access to sensor condition but entail higher system costs. Different approaches for implementation of integrated quality assessment will be discussed using a concept for shelf-life calculation on RFID-level and the intelligent container as demonstrator for an automated transport supervision system.
Characterization of a photoresist with wavelength selected tone (1990)

The line edge profile simulation of a tone-switching resist system, obtained from the dissolution model of dual-sensitized, novolak-based resist in aqueous developer, is described. The model incorporates the actinic response of both a positive and a negative sensitizer in a two-pattern lithographic process that simultaneously exposes the same resist film. These response data are combined with dissolution rate measurements to establish a model for the resist and carry out SAMPLE simulation of resist line edge profiles for contact and projection printing. The model predictions are compared with SEM micrographs of exposed resist features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbon monoxide attenuates the effects of snake venoms containing metalloproteinases with fibrinogenase or thrombin-like activity on plasmatic coagulation (2016)

Carbon monoxide released from CORM-2 inhibits<italic>Crotalus atrox</italic>snake venom metalloproteinase mediated decreases in human plasma velocity of coagulation.
Comparison of rapid bolus instillation with simplified slow administration of surfactant in lung lavaged rats (1998)

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of modified porcine surfactant (Curosurf) given either by a simplified slow delivery technique or by the standard bolus method, on pulmonary gas exchange, lung mechanics, and surfactant distribution in rats with respiratory failure produced by lung lavage. Twelve rats with respiratory failure induced by lung lavage received 200 mg x kg(-1) body weight (b.w.) of tagged porcine surfactant, either by the standard bolus delivery technique or by a simplified 1-min intratracheal infusion method, not requiring interruption of mechanical ventilation. Cardiovascular parameters, arterial blood gases, and pulmonary mechanics were measured repeatedly. Surfactant distribution was also measured by dye-tagged microbead spheres. After surfactant administration, there were no overall major differences between groups in mean heart rate, blood pressure, arterial blood gases, dynamic lung compliance, respiratory system resistance, and pulmonary distribution of exogenous surfactant. However, after 180 min pulmonary gas exchange was better and compliance higher in the bolus than the 1-min infusion group. A transient decrease in blood pressure and heart rate was observed in the bolus group; this side effect was not seen in animals treated with the simplified 1-min infusion method. We conclude that in rats subjected to lung lavage, the infusion of porcine surfactant by a simplified 1-min procedure produced similar short-term effects compared to the same dose of surfactant given by the bolus method. We speculate that tracheal bolus dosing is highly effective and might be the preferable delivery method for porcine surfactant. Dosing by the simplified method described appears less effective, but since no significant differences were observed, and since it produced less acute adverse effects, it could be used when clinical circumstances preclude rapid delivery.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE IN SITU VAPOR ETCH AND GROWTH OF GALLIUM ARSENIDE (1979)

Abstract Mit Hilfe der Technik des Dampfphasen‐Ätzens lassen sich Muster von V‐ und trapezoid‐förmigen Mikro‐Furchen auf (dotierte) GaAs‐Oberflächen längs der [110]‐Richtung in ein (001)‐orientiertes Substrat einätzen, wobei die Ätzgeschwindigkeit und die Form der Furchen von der Dotierung (Te, Ge, Zn, Cd) abhängen.
PDNA as building blocks for membrane-guided self-assemblies (2007)

Different semi-synthetic PDNAs (protein-DNA complexes), which encompass a protein core engineered from the cytochrome b(5) scaffold, an embedded tuneable redox cofactor, a synthetic linker and a large oligonucleotide, were designed, synthesized and purified to homogeneity. These building blocks can be reversibly attached to Ni-DOGS [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[N(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid]succinyl]-doped supported membranes through a metal chelate bridge with the protein part and be polymerized in a fully controllable manner using a solid-phase synthesis strategy and a stepwise addition of suitable complementary oligonucleotides. The resulting structures could recreate a large range of regular distribution of patterned redox and absorbing centres separated by fully tuneable distances and geometry. Kinetic parameters for the self-assembly of building blocks were determined using SPRI (surface plasmon resonance imagery). Structures of resulting nano-objects were characterized using gel electrophoresis and single molecule approaches following decoration of assemblies with quantum dots.
A database for benchmarking organ dose estimates and uncertainties in CT (2019)

This database includes patient images and associated verified Monte Carlo based estimates of organ doses that may be used for benchmarking different organ dose estimation techniques against a reference standard.
REGULATION OF GLUTATHIONE REDOX STATUS IN LUNG AND LIVER BY CONDITIONING REGIMENS AND KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR IN MURINE ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION1 (2001)

In murine allogeneic BMT, TBI oxidizes the lung GSH redox pool and Cy exacerbates this response by 5 days post-BMT. In contrast, liver GSH redox status is maintained under these experimental conditions. KGF treatment attenuates the Cy-induced decrease in lung GSH, decreases post-BMT lung lipid peroxidation, and improves liver GSH redox indices. KGF may have a therapeutic role to prevent or attenuate GSH depletion and ROS-mediated organ injury in BMT.
Abstract 5111: Nitric oxide and its role in photodynamic therapy (2014)

Abstract Porphyrinic pigments are used as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic detection (PDD) and therapy (PDT) that is a minimally invasive modality in the fight against cancer. When the PS is activated by visible light at a given wavelength, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, which cause cancer cells to undergo cell death. Despite significant advances, drawbacks of the PSs in clinical use include their non-selectivity in cellular-targeting causing cell death by necrosis leading to tissue inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play a key role in modulating apoptotic cell death pathways and to react with reactive oxygen species to form additional lethal reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In our efforts to enhance the effectiveness of PDT, we set out to investigate the role of NO in PDT. We hypothesized that NO delivered to cancer cells at the time that the PS was administered would enhance the efficacy of PDT by promoting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. To this end, we incubated androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cells with both a PS and an NO releasing agent that was most effective in NO release as was spectrophotometrically determined by its oxidation of hemoglobin. Phototoxicity experiments were carried out at 37 OC with a noncoherent light source. Cell viability, damage and death were assessed in both illuminated and non-illuminated cells and were quantified by MTT staining as well as trypan blue and propidium iodide exclusion. To corroborate the cell viability results, we assayed clonogenic recovery in response to PDT in pigmented cells both in the presence and absence of NO. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of PDT in causing cell death depends on the NO concentration. PDT with NO alone was toxic to the cancer cells at high concentration of NO, whereas at low NO concentration no significant cell damage was observed after light illumination. PDT with the PS alone was not as effective in promoting cell death as PDT in the presence of both NO and the PS. Depending on the concentrations of the PS and NO, we observed that either necrosis or apoptosis were the prevailing modes of cell death after PDT. Our results indicate that the phototoxicity of the compounds is mainly determined by their intracellular concentration. Thus, understanding the combined effects of NO and the PSs in enhancing cell phototoxicity will aid in determining the roles that NO plays in improving the efficacy of PDT and may provide an alternate regimen to enhance PDT efficacy. Citation Format: Marco Monroy, Pooncharas Tipgunlakant, Ursula Simonis, Raymond Esquerra. Nitric oxide and its role in photodynamic therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5111
Maximizing throughput in wireless networks via gossiping (2006)

A major challenge in the design of wireless networks is the need for distributed scheduling algorithms that will efficiently share the common spectrum. Recently, a few distributed algorithms for networks in which a node can converse with at most a single neighbor at a time have been presented. These algorithms guarantee 50% of the maximum possible throughput. We present the first distributed scheduling framework that guarantees maximum throughput. It is based on a combination of a distributed matching algorithm and an algorithm that compares and merges successive matching solutions. The comparison can be done by a deterministic algorithm or by randomized gossip algorithms. In the latter case, the comparison may be inaccurate. Yet, we show that if the matching and gossip algorithms satisfy simple conditions related to their performance and to the inaccuracy of the comparison (respectively), the framework attains the desired throughput.It is shown that the complexities of our algorithms, that achieve nearly 100% throughput, are comparable to those of the algorithms that achieve 50% throughput. Finally, we discuss extensions to general interference models. Even for such models, the framework provides a simple distributed throughput optimal algorithm.
Regioselective Lithiation of $\alpha$-Methylpyridine Analogue and Its Trapping Reactions with $Me_2RSiCl(R = Me, tBuCH_2(Me_3Si)CH)$ (1994)

The metallation of -methylpyridine 1(a∼f) with n-BuLi produced salt 3(a∼f) by elimination of butane. The trapping reactions of 3(a∼f) with produced only 4(a∼f) and 5(a∼f). The -hydrogen atom of silylated methylene group in 4(a∼f) is more reactive than unreacted of 4(a∼f) itself and 1(a∼f) toward n-BuLi at low temperature in pentane medium.
Procalcitonin Levels in Febrile Infants After Recent Immunization (2008)

Among febrile infants with recent immunization, procalcitonin levels are increased compared with patients with fever and no identified bacterial infection. Despite this increase, procalcitonin can still reliably discriminate infants with serious bacterial infection.
Thermal Reversal of Magnetic Grains Under Time Varying Pulse Field (2006)

Media thermal magnetization switching under an arbitrary time varying field, pulse shape, and duration is an important issue in many recording applications. This paper shows a scale dilemma in using the time dependent energy barrier approach to describe long time thermal reversal of magnetic grains under a time varying pulse field. A new model approach based on an optimal reversal path is proposed to characterize the thermal reversal behavior of magnetic grains under an arbitrary time varying pulse field. Using this new model approach, the effects of pulse field duration, width, and amplitude on magnetic grain thermal switching behavior are studied.
Influence of Forage Phenolics on Ruminal Fibrolytic Bacteria and In Vitro Fiber Degradation (1986)

In vitro cultures of ruminal microorganisms were used to determine the effect of cinnamic acid and vanillin on the digestibility of cellulose and xylan. Cinnamic acid and vanillin depressed in vitro dry matter disappearance of cellulose 14 and 49%, respectively, when rumen fluid was the inoculum. The number of viable Bacteroides succinogenes cells, the predominant cellulolytic organism, was threefold higher for fermentations which contained vanillin than for control fermentations. When xylan replaced cellulose as the substrate, a 14% decrease in the digestibility of xylan was observed with vanillin added; however, the number of viable xylanolytic bacteria cultured from the batch fermentation was 10-fold greater than that of control fermentations. The doubling time of B. succinogenes was increased from 2.32 to 2.58 h when vanillin was added to cellobiose medium, and absorbance was one-half that of controls after 18 h. The growth rate of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens was inhibited more by p-coumaric acid than by vanillin, although no reduction of final absorbance was observed in their growth cycles. Vanillin, and to a lesser extent cinnamic acid, appeared to prevent the attachment of B. succinogenes cells to cellulose particles, but did not affect dissociation of cells from the particles. B. succinogenes, R. albus, R. flavefaciens, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens all modified the parent monomers cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin, with B. fibrisolvens causing the most extensive modification. These results suggest that phenolic monomers can inhibit digestibility of cellulose and xylan, possibly by influencing attachment of the fibrolytic microorganisms to fiber particles. The reduced bacterial attachment to structural carbohydrates in the presence of vanillin may generate more free-floating fibrolytic organisms, thus giving a deceptively higher viable count.
Endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoyl-phospholipids. A novel class of cellular glycerolipids containing epoxidized arachidonate moieties. (1991)

By chromatographic and mass spectral techniques we document in rat liver the presence of new classes of glycerophospholipids which contain an epoxyeicosatrienoate moiety, esterified to the glycerol-sn-2 position. These novel lipids are formed in vivo from endogenous precursors and under physiological conditions. Chromatographic resolution followed by hydrolysis and regioisomeric analysis showed that they consist of the 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl derivatives of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Their relative concentrations (micromoles of oxidized lipid/mol of phospholipid) were 70, 85, and 106 for phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol, respectively. Chiral analysis of the fatty acids at sn-2 revealed an enantioselective preference for 8(S),9(R)-, 11(S),12(R)-, and 14(R),15(S)-epoxyeicosatrienoates in all three lipid classes. The data suggest a multienzyme process initiated by cytochrome P-450 epoxidation of arachidonic acid followed by ATP-dependent activation to epoxyeicosatrienoyl-CoA derivatives and stereoselective lysolipid acylation. These results provide a molecular basis for a potential physiological role of cytochrome P-450 in the biosynthesis of unique cellular glycerolipids and, consequently, in the control of cell membrane structure and function.
Kurzfassung (1982)

Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt die am Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Thermodynamik durchgeführten Arbeiten an einem elektronischen Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung des Mischungsverhältnisses von Benzin/Methanol-Mischkraftstoffen und dessen Anwendung zur Anpassung der Kraftstoffdosierung an das aktuelle Mischungsverhältnis.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with coronary arterial dilatation in end-stage renal failure patients (2012)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can affect several organs in addition to the kidney. There is paucity in the literature on the cardiac manifestations of this disease. This retrospective study aimed to assess whether ADPKD was associated with a larger coronary artery diameter and to evaluate for the presence of coronary artery aneurysm and ectasia. This study shows that subjects with ADPKD and end-stage renal failure have dilatation of coronary arteries independent of traditional coronary risk factors and medication use.
Improved radio astronomical imaging based on sparse reconstruction (2018)

Modern radio telescopes commonly use antenna arrays, and high-resolution imaging techniques exploiting radio astronomical signals collected at these antenna arrays play a critical role to achieve their missions. Beamforming techniques have been developed in radio astronomy to generate dirty images with limited image resolutions for many years. Because the manifold of a radio telescope array varies over time due to the Earth rotation, beamformers are separately designed and implemented at each time epoch, and the resulting images are averaged to form enhanced dirty images. Considering the fact that astronomical scenes are typically sparse, we present a new method through sparse reconstruction to obtain clean astronomical images. Sparse reconstruction methods that fuse the measured data observed at multiple time epochs are examined and compared. Unlike beamforming techniques which require an additional deconvolution procedure for clean image formation, the proposed technique provides clean astronomical images with accurate estimation of the source position and a high dynamic range.