gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of muscle fatigue using surface electromyography signals and multifractals (2015)

Muscle fatigue is commonly experienced in both normal and subjects with neuromuscular disorders. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals are useful technique for analyzing muscle fatigue. sEMG signals are highly nonstationary and exhibit complex nonlinear characteristic in dynamic contractions. In this work, an attempt is made to classify sEMG signals recorded from biceps brachii muscles in nonfatigue and fatigue using multifractal features. The signals are recorded from 26 healthy normal adult subjects while performing standard experimental protocol involving dynamic contraction. The preprocessed signals are divided into six segments. The first and last segments are considered as nonfatigue and fatigue conditions respectively. The signals are then subjected to multifractal detrended moving average algorithm and eight multifractal features are extracted from both conditions. Further, information gain (IG) based ranking is used for reducing the number of features. Three different classification algorithms are employed namely, k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (kNN), Naive Bayes (NB) and logistic regression (LR) for classification. The results show that signals exhibit multifractal characteristics and the multifractal features such as, generalized Hurst exponent, degree of multifractality and scaling exponent slope are significantly different in fatigue condition. The Hurst exponent for small fluctuation and degree of multifractality are found to be very highly significant feature. The LR and kNN classifier performance gave an accuracy of 84% and 82% respectively. This method of using multifractal features appears to be useful in classifying sEMG signals in dynamic contraction. This study can also be extended to classify fatigue condition in various neuromuscular disorders.
The Ph.D. degree is a handicap in the job market for clinical medical physicists (2000)

The Ph.D. degree signifies that the individual has the ability to pursue an original investigation designed to generate new knowledge in a particular field.It is the appropriate degree for the person interested in an academic career in the discipline.For skilled application of existing knowledge in a clinical arena, however, some may view the Ph.D. as undesirable because the degree connotes greater interest ͑and possibly knowledge͒ in research than in application.However, an individual with the Ph.D. degree has met higher academic standards, and may be viewed more as an equal with other professional in a clinical setting.The relative merits of the Ph.D. degree compared with a less research-oriented degree ͑e.g., the MS degree͒ in seeking a nonacademic position in medical physics is the subject of this Point/Counterpoint.
Leveraging UAV Rotation To Increase Phase Coherency in Distributed Transmit Beamforming (2022)

Distributed transmit beamforming (DTBF) can allow a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to send a common message to a distant target. DTBF among N nodes can provide N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> times the received power compared to a single node and can reduce interference by confining the signal in a certain direction. However, DTBF requires time, frequency, and phase synchronization. Here, we focus on the issue of phase incoherence at the distributed transmit nodes from two sources—different local oscillators (LOs) and hovering position movement—and how to counteract their impact at the receiver via local decisions, namely, rotation. To investigate how the UAV body and its rotation can affect phase coherency, we conduct controlled in-field experiments where we control the phase offset at two distributed antennas and measure the received signal level at four antenna positions on a drone for various rotation angles. We show that significant improvements can be achieved at the receiver through rotation. We also show that there exists an optimal combination of UAV rotation angle and antenna position on the drone to mitigate the effects of phase incoherence among the distributed transmitters. Finally, we demonstrate an interesting trade-off where, due to the heterogeneous nature of the UAV body, rotation angles that yield maximum beamforming gains might not result in the best average (or minimum) beamformed signal level across all possible phase errors at the distributed transmitters.
Lock reservation (2002)

Because of the built-in support for multi-threaded programming, Java programs perform many lock operations. Although the overhead has been significantly reduced in the recent virtual machines, One or more atomic operations are required for acquiring and releasing an object's lock even in the fastest cases.This paper presents a novel algorithm called lock reservation . It exploits thread locality of Java locks, which claims that the locking sequence of a Java lock contains a very long repetition of a specific thread. The algorithm allows locks to be reserved for threads. When a thread attempts to acquire a lock, it can do without any atomic operation if the lock is reserved for the thread. Otherwise, it cancels the reservation and falls back to a conventional locking algorithm.We have evaluated an implementation of lock reservation in IBM's production virtual machine and compiler. The results show that it achieved performance improvements up to 53% in real Java programs.
Ordering of interstitial oxygen atoms in La2NiO4+ delta (1991)

Two types of homologous series of superstructures have been found for La2NiO4+ delta containing excess oxygen, i.e. delta >O. They are 2a*ka*1c (k, 1=n or 2n depending upon n) and square root 2a*p square root 2a*qc (most frequently p=2 and q=1), where a*a*c stands for the K2NiF4-type cell. The origin of these superstructures has been assigned to the ordering of excess oxygen atoms located interstitially between two adjacent LaO layers. The most probable ordering schemes are proposed. Phases with discrete oxygen contents of delta =1/2n seem to exist.
Advanced Catalytic Hydrogenation Retrofit Reactor (2002)

Industrial hydrogenation is often performed using a slurry catalyst in large stirred-tank reactors. These systems are inherently problematic in a number of areas, including industrial hygiene, process safety, environmental contamination, waste production, process operability and productivity. This program proposed the development of a practical replacement for the slurry catalysts using a novel fixed-bed monolith catalyst reactor, which could be retrofitted onto an existing stirred-tank reactor and would mitigate many of the minitations and problems associated with slurry catalysts. The full retrofit monolith system, consisting of a recirculation pump, gas/liquid ejector and monolith catalyst, is described as a monolith loop reactor or MLR. The MLR technology can reduce waste and increase raw material efficiency, which reduces the overall energy required to produce specialty and fine chemicals.
Full-Complexity Characterization of Control-Invariant Domains for Systems With Uncertain Parameter Dependence (2018)

This letter proposes an algorithm to find a robust control invariant (RCI) set of desired complexity and the associated linear, state-feedback control law. The candidate RCI set is restricted to be symmetric around the origin. The algorithm is applicable to rational parameter dependent systems with bounded additive disturbance. The system constraints are framed as simple affine inequalities whereas the invariance condition as a set of sufficient LMI conditions. The proposed iterative algorithm is guaranteed to be recursively feasible and converge to some stationary point.
Roles of CNS Macrophages in Neurodegeneration (1998)

The pioneering efforts of a number of key laboratories have led to our current understanding of the pivotal roles for microglia in neuroinflammation and the potential neurotoxic sequalae of such events. This work has generated a rigorous data base that indicates that previous concepts that the brain is an "immunologically privileged" organ are not valid (1). As our knowledge base continues to expand in this area, the potential for defining pharmacological points of intervention in the neuroinflammatory cascade, worthy of clinical evaluation in neurodegenerative disorders, becomes more well grounded. It is the purpose of this chapter to review the basic biochemical characteristics of microglia, to define their potential neurotoxic mediators, and to review some of the in vivo and in vitro pre-clinical models that have been used to study microglial activation. A number of microglial mediators, enzymes, and receptors will be presented throughout this chapter. As an aid to the reader, a summary table of this microglial biochemistry is presented in Appendix 1.
E3 ligase activity of RING finger proteins that interact with Hip‐2, a human ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (2001)

To identify proteins that interact with Huntingtin-interacting protein-2 (Hip-2), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, a yeast two-hybrid screen system was used to isolate five positive clones. Sequence analyses showed that, with one exception, all Hip-2-interacting proteins contained the RING finger motifs. The interaction of Hip-2 with RNF2, one of the clones, was further confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mutations in the RING domain of RNF2 prevented the clone from binding to Hip-2, an indication that the RING domain is the binding determinant. RNF2 showed a ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity in the presence of Hip-2, suggesting that a subset of RING finger proteins may have roles as E3s.
Vicinal Dibromo‐1‐Phenylphospholane 1‐Oxides (1979)

Abstract Bromine addition to the double bond in 1‐phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐oxide results in two isomeric 2,3‐dibromo‐1‐phenylphospholane 1‐oxides and bromination of 1‐phenyl‐3‐phospholene 1‐oxide yields 3,4‐dibromo‐1‐phenylphospholane 1‐oxide. The above three vicinal dibromo‐1‐phenylphospholane 1‐oxides were isolated as isomerically pure species and were characterized by 1 H (60 and 270 MHz), 31 P and 13 C nmr, IR, Laser Raman and mass spectrometry.
Nano-structured electrocatalysts for hydrogen compressor with solid polymer electrolyte. (2009)

Highly effective, carbon supported nano-structured electrocatalysts for application in hydrogen compressor with solid polymer electrolyte (PEM) are synthesized using a magnetron-ion dispersion method. New membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) are developed, using the synthesized catalytic materials. The MEAs allow for high specific characteristics of the hydrogen compressor. The developed electrocatalysts also can find applications in the other systems such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers with PEMs.also can find applications in the other systems such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers with PEMs.
Performance evaluation of an automatic MGRF-based lung segmentation approach (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ahmed Soliman, Fahmi Khalifa, Amir Alansary, Georgy Gimel'farb, Ayman El-Baz; Performance evaluation of an automatic MGRF-based lung segmentation approach. AIP Conf. Proc. 9 October 2013; 1559 (1): 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4825026 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Data synchronization in the mobile Internet (2003)

At present, people use many different devices to communicate each other and to store their important personal or business data. These data are stored in some of the devices and must be synchronized between the different devices while being updated Data synchronization specified by SyncML can realize to synchronize data between a wide range of devices and any net-work based data format. WAP Forum has adopted SyncML Specification as one of its most important mobile Internet services in WAP2.0. This paper focuses on the cooperation between wireless devices and data servers, and introduces several solutions on data synchronization, and also give the data format that suits Chinese, which will be applied to be the industry standard of China by China Mobile Internet Application protocol Special Group (CMIS).
Defibrination in Normal and Abnormal Parturition (1970)

S ummary Studies of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in women undergoing uncomplicated single delivery showed a significant fall in plasma fibrinogen and factor VIII. The levels were lowest 1–4 hr postpartum and returned to pre‐existing or higher levels within 24 hr. A significant fall in fibrinogen also occurred in women with twin delivery or caesarean section without labour. Similar changes were noted in factors V and VIII. Fibrinolytic activity was markedly decreased during delivery but increased rapidly thereafter in women with a single birth or caesarean section without labour. In women with twin delivery, it remained low. No consistent changes in the level of fibrinolytic inhibitors or plasminogen were noted. Mean levels of fibrinolytic degradation products (FDP) were in the upper level of the normal range and increased in the first 1–4 hr postpartum. These changes were even more marked in twin delivery. In women with abruptio placentae or prolonged intrauterine death (IUD), levels of fibrinogen, factors V and VIII and blood platelets were markedly reduced and generally dropped even lower during the first 4 hr after delivery, returning within 24 hr to the levels found in nonpregnant women. Levels of plasminogen and factor X were also reduced. High levels of FDP were found during labour, returning within 24 or 48 hr to the range observed in women 24 hr after normal delivery. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis of serum in agar gel disclosed abnormal double or split precipitin lines. Sequential changes in these precipitin lines pointed to a continuing process which started before delivery, reached a maximum shortly thereafter, disappearing within the next 10–24 hr. The changes found in early (vs. late) labour, or during uterine surgery not associated with pregnancy, did not uphold the supposition that similar changes observed during normal or abnormal parturition might be due to the stresses of labour or surgery. The findings reported herein suggest that a minor degree of physiological defibrination develops during normal labour which is qualitatively similar to, but of much lesser magnitude than, the pathological defibrination syndrome (with local lysis of fibrin) commonly associated with abruptio placentae or prolonged intrauterine death.
Visual teach and repeat, repeat, repeat: Iterative Learning Control to improve mobile robot path tracking in challenging outdoor environments (2013)

This paper presents a path-repeating, mobile robot controller that combines a feedforward, proportional Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithm with a feedback-linearized path-tracking controller to reduce path-tracking errors over repeated traverses along a reference path. Localization for the controller is provided by an on-board, vision-based mapping and navigation system enabling operation in large-scale, GPS-denied, extreme environments. The paper presents experimental results including over 600 m of travel by a four-wheeled, 50 kg robot travelling through challenging terrain including steep hills and sandy turns and by a six-wheeled, 160 kg robot at gradually-increased speeds up to three times faster than the nominal, safe speed. In the absence of a global localization system, ILC is demonstrated to reduce path-tracking errors caused by unmodelled robot dynamics and terrain challenges.
Advanced Prostate Cancer Lowers Serum Calcium Levels—Implications for Epidemiologic Studies (2014)

To the Editor, The recent case-control study by Salem et al. compared serum calcium levels in Iranian men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer to those of Iranian men presumed not to have prostate ...
Quantification of Triacylglycerol Molecular Species in Edible Fats and Oils by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector Using Correction Factors (2017)

In the present study, the resolution parameters and correction factors (CFs) of triacylglycerol (TAG) standards were estimated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to achieve the precise quantification of the TAG composition in edible fats and oils. Forty seven TAG standards comprising capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and/or linolenic acid were analyzed, and the CFs of these TAGs were obtained against tripentadecanoyl glycerol as the internal standard. The capillary column was Ultra ALLOY<sup>+</sup>-65 (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.10 μm thickness) and the column temperature was programmed to rise from 250°C to 360°C at 4°C/min and then hold for 25 min. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the TAG standards were > 0.10 mg and > 0.32 mg per 100 mg fat and oil, respectively, except for LnLnLn, and the LOD and LOQ values of LnLnLn were 0.55 mg and 1.84 mg per 100 mg fat and oil, respectively. The CFs of TAG standards decreased with increasing total acyl carbon number and degree of desaturation of TAG molecules. Also, there were no remarkable differences in the CFs between TAG positional isomers such as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-rac-glycerol, 1-stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, and 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, which cannot be separated by GC-FID. Furthermore, this method was able to predict the CFs of heterogeneous (AAB- and ABC-type) TAGs from the CFs of homogenous (AAA-, BBB-, and CCC-type) TAGs. In addition, the TAG composition in cocoa butter, palm oil, and canola oil was determined using CFs, and the results were found to be in good agreement with those reported in the literature. Therefore, the GC-FID method using CFs can be successfully used for the quantification of TAG molecular species in natural fats and oils.
2,4-Dihydroxyphenanthrenes and derived ethers. Regioselective etherification of acetates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Dihydroxyphenanthrenes and derived ethers. Regioselective etherification of acetatesH. E. Zaugg and D. A. DunniganCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 21, 3415–3419Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00883a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reinforcing the Robustness of a Deep Neural Network to Adversarial Examples by Using Color Quantization of Training Image Data (2019)

Recent works have shown the vulnerability of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to adversarial examples with malicious perturbations. In particular, Black-Box attacks without information of parameter and architectures of the target models are feared as realistic threats. To address this problem, we propose a method using an ensemble of models trained by color-quantized data with loss maximization. Color-quantization can allow the trained models to focus on learning conspicuous spatial features to enhance the robustness of DCNNs to adversarial examples. The proposed method can be adapted to Black-Box attacks with no need of particular attack algorithm for the defense. The results of our experiments validated the effectiveness for preventing decrease in the test accuracy with adversarial perturbation.
Autonomous Mobile Robot with a Biological Brain (2013)

This chapter assesses the computational and learning capacity of dissociated, cultured neuronal networks. It provides an overview of the problem area, describes the culturing process, gives an idea of the breadth of ongoing research, details operable system architecture and, as an example, reports the results of conducted experiments with ‘real-life’ robots. It is usual for an autonomous mobile robot to be controlled by a computer system, which is either embedded or linked via a wireless or umbilical connection. The overall closed-loop hybrid system involving a primary cortical culture on an MEA and a mobile robot ensures a sufficiently rich and consistent environment for the culture and hence constitutes an interesting and novel approach to examining the computational capabilities of biological networks. To create the cultured neural network, cortical tissue is dissected from the brains of embryonic rats and neuronal cells enzymatically dissociated before seeding onto planar MEAs.
The CAP and EU Enlargement: A Missed Opportunity  La PAC et l’élargissement de l’Union européenne : une opportunité manquée  Die GAP und die EU‐Erweiterung: Eine verpasste Gelegenheit (2010)

Summary The CAP and EU Enlargement: A Missed Opportunity Accession of Central and Eastern European countries failed to prompt a widespread review of agricultural and rural policy within the European Union. Despite the unprecedented scale and scope of the accession, the existing policy regime was preserved. Rather than fostering European integration through mutual adaptation, a process of emulation ensured that it was the task of acceding countries to adjust to the EU. Under the Common Agricultural Policy, the centrality of Pillar I and its main instrument, direct payments, remain intact. Even under Pillar II, farm‐centric measures dominate. This fosters a poor match between the CAP and the real rural development needs of the New Member States. Mitigation of the structural problems confronting rural areas in CEE is critical to meeting the challenge of effective EU integration. Insufficient reform prior to accession is likely to entrench, at least in the short to medium term, a farm‐centric CAP in CEE, delivering minimal benefits to those most in need, and hindering wider adjustment of EU agricultural and rural policy. That these issues have not been adequately addressed reflects a failure of the EU to adjust its outlook from being exclusively West European to pan‐European.