gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stretch stimulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells via epidermal growth factor receptor (2000)

We have studied whether activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in stretch-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and protein synthesis in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Cyclic stretch (1 Hz) induced a rapid (within 5 min) phosphorylation of ERK1/2, an effect that was time and strength dependent and inhibited by an EGFR kinase inhibitor (AG-1478) but not by a platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor (AG-1296). The stretch rapidly (within 2 min) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, among which 180-kDa protein was shown to be EGFR as revealed by blockade with AG-1478 as well as immunoprecipitation with anti-EGFR antibody coupled with immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. The stretch rapidly (within 2 min) induced association of tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR with adaptor proteins (Shc/Grb2) as revealed by coprecipitation with glutathione-S-transferase-Grb2 fusion protein coupled with immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-EGFR, and anti-Shc antibodies. Transfection of a dominant-negative mutant of H-Ras also inhibited stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. Treatment with a stretch-activated ion channel blocker (Gd(3+)) and an intracellular Ca(2+) antagonist (TMB-8) inhibited stretch-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2. Treatment with AG-1478 and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor (PD-98059), but not AG-1296, blocked [(3)H]leucine uptake stimulated by a high level of stretch. These data suggest that ERK1/2 activation by mechanical stretch requires Ca(2+)-sensitive EGFR activation mainly via stretch-activated ion channels, thereby leading to VSMC growth.
Utility and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. (2018)

8023 Background: Positron emission tomography–Computed tomography (PET/CT) can identify bony lesions, assess disease burden and detect extramedullary disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who had a PET/CT performed within sixty days of diagnosis and prior to commencement of therapy to identify the nature and prognostic impact of PET/CT abnormalities in newly diagnosed MM. Results: Between April 2005 and June 2017, 314 patients were identified and included in the analysis. 235 (75%) patients had focal lesions (FL), 183 (58%) had ≥3 FL, 38 (12%) had extra medullary disease (EMD) and 194 (62%) had documented lytic lesions. Median maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the entire cohort was 5.9 (range 0-48.3). Presence of ≥3 FL and EMD predicted overall survival (OS); median OS of 58 months for ≥3 FL vs 89 months for < 3 FL (P= 0.009) and median OS 45 months for EMD present vs 71 months for EMD absent (P= 0.025). Compared to those with SUVmax of less than 8.5, those with SUVmax of more than 8.5 had a shorter overall survival, 89.6 versus 57.8 months, respectively (P= 0.022). Conclusions: PET/CT is a valuable tool in assessing disease burden and provides prognostic information in patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with novel agents. Variable Cohort N = 314 < 3 Lesions N = 131 ≥ 3 Lesions N = 183 P value Non-EMD N = 276 EMD N = 38 P value Age years, median (IQR) 65 (58-72) 66 (57-73) 64 (58-71) 0.6 65 (57-71) 66 (61-78) 0.2 Male, % 197 (63) 85 (65) 112 (61) 0.6 173 (63) 23 (64) 1 Median Hemoglobin 12.0 (10.3-13.3) 12.2 (10.7-13.4) 11.8 (9.9-13.2) 0.1 12.0 (10.3-13.3) 11.4 (9.3-13.6) 0.4 Median Calcium 9.6 (9.1-10.2) 9.5 (9.0-10.0) 9.6 (9.1-10.3) 0.1 9.6 (9.1-10.2) 9.5 (9.1-9.9) 0.3 Median Creatinine 1 (0.8-1.2) 1 (0.9-1.3) 1.2 (0.8-1.2) 0.5 1.0 (0.8-1.2) 1.0 (0.9-1.2) 0.5 Median LDH 166 (135-195) 155 (129-184) 170 (137-212) 0.03 161 (134-191) 194 (161-262) Bone marrow plasma cell count 40 (20-61) 40 (20-60) 46 (23-66) 0.2 41 (20-62) 40 (20-60) 0.9 ISS, n (%)* 0.01 0.9 I 56 (32) 30 (45) 26 (24) 50 (32) 6 (29) II 63 (36) 18 (27) 45 (41) 55 (36) 8 (38) III 57 (32) 19 (28) 38 (35) 50 (32) 7 (33) Missing 138 * With available testing
Deletion of Atf6α impairs astroglial activation and enhances neuronal death following brain ischemia in mice (2014)

To dissect the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response in brain ischemia, we investigated the relevance of activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), a master transcriptional factor in the unfolded protein response, after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Enhanced expression of glucose-regulated protein78, a downstream molecular chaperone of ATF6α, was observed in both neurons and glia in the peri-infarct region of wild-type mice after MCAO. Analysis using wild-type and Atf6α(-/-) mice revealed a larger infarct volume and increased cell death in the peri-ischemic region of Atf6α(-/-) mice 5 days after MCAO. These phenotypes in Atf6α(-/-) mice were associated with reduced levels of astroglial activation/glial scar formation, and a spread of tissue damage into the non-infarct area. Further analysis in mice and cultured astrocytes revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-glial fibrillary acidic protein signaling were diminished in Atf6α(-/-) astrocytes. A chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyrate, restored STAT3-glial fibrillary acidic protein signaling, while ER stressors, such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin, almost completely abolished signaling in cultured astrocytes. Furthermore, ER stress-induced deactivation of STAT3 was mediated, at least in part, by the ER stress-responsive tyrosine phosphatase, TC-PTP/PTPN2. These results suggest that ER stress plays critical roles in determining the level of astroglial activation and neuronal survival after brain ischemia.
A versatile three-iodine molecular building block leading to new radiopaque polymeric biomaterials (1996)

A methacrylic monomer containing three iodine atoms, 2- [2',3',5'-triiodobenzoyl]-ethyl methacrylate (compound 1), was prepared in pure form. Compound 1 can be reacted with other methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with high conversion. Typically, less than 0.5% of free monomer is left after polymerization. For example, compound 1 was reacted with MMA and HEMA in the molar ratio 7:73:20, respectively. This yielded a terpolymer with Tg = 86 degrees C, Mw = 47,000 g/ mol and Mn = 22,800 g/mol. This material was characterized by various physicochemical techniques, including gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H at 400 MHz, DMSO-d6 solution). In addition the material was found to exhibit low surface thrombogenicity in vitro and a low propensity to activate contacting blood platelets. Furthermore it was found that the terpolymer is markedly radiopaque: even thin objects (< 0.5 mm) could be easily visualized using X-ray fluoroscopic techniques as are routinely used in the clinic, e.g., during coronary angiography. The combined results obtained with the present terpolymer (particularly its in vitro hemocompatibility and its radiopacity) leads to the suggestion that this type of polymer could be used as cardiovascular biomaterials, for instance for the construction of a new type of endovascular stents. These would be expected to show improved biocompatibility if compared with metallic stents which are currently used, for instance in conjunction with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). A stent prototype, constructed from the present radiopaque terpolymer, is shown and discussed briefly.
Impact of genetic defects on atherosclerosis in patients suspected of familial hypercholesterolaemia (2001)

Among patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and a family history of early cardiovascular disease, the presence of a genetically ascertained FH is associated with a higher degree of atherosclerosis. This suggests that molecular genetic identification of FH may be helpful to evaluate better the coronary heart disease risk in these patients.
[Research for cell therapy by induced pluripotent stem cell]. (2011)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are generated from somatic cells, are expected to be a hopeful source for cell therapy to treat intractable diseases due to its unlimited proliferation potential, differentiation potentials and the capability of autotransplantation characteristics. In this review, we have summarized the extension of iPS cell researches into cell therapy and the new researches associated with iPS cell technology. However, transplantation of iPS cell-derived tissue is considered to have a risk of tumorigenesis which is one of the major hurdles of using pluripotent stem cell in clinical application. This review is also focused on new strategies for reducing a risk of tumorigenesis.
Rapid High-resolution Brain Mapping with CLARITY Optimized Light Sheet Microscopy (COLM) (2015)

A major goal in neuroscience is to map the architecture of brain with both high wiring-level details and a brain-wide perspective. This challenge has drawn the attention of generations of scientists, while excellent progress has been made, many challenges and opportunities remain.
Monitoring and Visualization of Baculovirus Infection Using Green Fluorescent Protein Strategy (2007)

Through green fluorescent protein (GFP) strategy, facile and fast monitoring and visualization of baculovirus infection in insect cells is possible in vivo. This chapter describes two novel techniques for simple determination of virus titer in the baculovirus expression system using GFP coexpression and rapid monitoring of infection of Sf-9 insect cells using combination of GFP and early-to-late (ETL) promoter. It is anticipated that the use of GFP under the control of ETL promoter will facilitate vector construction, virus isolation, and titer determination.
Tomato Molecular Markers (2011)

Tomato Molecular Markers Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable grown in many regions of the world. Due to its high taste quality and nutritional value increase interest in the cultivation of this species and its consumption. Using the latest achievements in fields of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology, breeders can create new varieties with improved useful traits. Introduction of DNA markers, especially those based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to breakthrough in the plants genetic research, including tomato. They are successfully used for plant genomes mapping, phylogenetics studies, selection of parental forms in plant breeding, and above all to identify the genes of important traits. For tomato have been identified and mapped 9309 molecular markers. High-density genetic maps development gives an opportunity to use them in genetic research and breeding programs. Identification of DNA markers closely linked to studied gene can significantly facilitate the identification of desirable traits in material breeding, or accelerate the plants selection for elimination of genotypes with undesirable genes. Material breeding selection using molecular markers, defined as MAS (marker-assisted-selection) is increasingly being used in tomato breeding programs, contributing to facilitated identification of genes or QTL and their transfer into the cultivated species from wild form.
Bayesian model averaging: a tutorial (with comments by M. Clyde, David Draper and E. I. George, and a rejoinder by the authors (1999)

Standard statistical practice ignores model uncertainty. Data analysts typically select a model from some class of models and then proceed as if the selected model had generated the data. This approach ignores the uncertainty in model selection, leading to over-confident inferences and decisions that are more risky than one thinks they are. Bayesian model averaging (BMA)provides a coherent mechanism for accounting for this model uncertainty. Several methods for implementing BMA have recently emerged. We discuss these methods and present a number of examples.In these examples, BMA provides improved out-of-sample predictive performance. We also provide a catalogue of currently available BMA software.
Novel RDL Design of Wafer-Level Packaging for Signal/Power Integrity in LPDDR4 Application (2018)

The emerging wafer-level packaging (WLP) technology suffers from serious signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) issues due to its redistribution layer (RDL). There exhibit serious parasitic effects by the high-density RDL traces and less flexibility of decoupling capacitors, so the robust power distribution network is critical to design. This paper proposed a novel two-layered RDL design in low-power double data rate fourth generation (LPDDR4) application by proposing a novel power/ground meshed layout for superior PI performance. Besides, the second-order RLC simplified model and normalized resistance are derived to handle the process scaling issue for successful SI by adjusting the cross-sectional structure of RDL so that LPDDR4 4266 can work well on 2-μm WLP.
Non-Ohmic hopping conduction in doped germanium atT<1 K (1992)

Measurements of the non-Ohmic behavior of the hopping conductivity of doped germanium between 300 and 700 mK show that the conductivity obeys an electric-field dependence \ensuremath{\sigma}(E,T) =\ensuremath{\sigma}(0,T) exp(eEL/kT) at field strengths as low as 0.04 V/cm. This result is in disagreement with theoretical models which predict that the conductivity should obey the relation ln\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\sim}E only for field strengths greater than \ensuremath{\sim}1 V/cm, below which the conductivity is in an ``Ohmic regime.'' L, the length parameter describing the field dependence, is found to increase with decreasing temperature as L\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ in the variable-range-hopping regime.
Excitation of Spirals and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Rayleigh-Bénard Convection (1995)

Spiral-defect populations in low-Prandtl number Rayleigh-Bénard convection with slow rotation about a vertical axis were measured in carbon dioxide at high pressure. The results indicate that spirals act like "thermally excited" defects and that the winding direction of a spiral is analogous to a magnetic spin. Rotation about a vertical axis, the spiral analog of the magnetic field, breaks the zero-rotation chiral symmetry between clockwise and counterclockwise spiral defects. Many properties of spiral-defect statistics are well described by an effective statistical-mechanical model.
4P-LAMBDA DISTRIBUTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT (2006)

In this paper, the four-parameter (4P) Lambda distribution, whose four parameters can be easily determined using the published tables in terms of the mean value, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of the sample data, is investigated. From the investigation of this paper, one can see that this distribution, having characteristics of simplicity, generality, and flexibility, can be applied as a candidate distribution in fitting statistical data of basic random variables and can be used to represent or approximate the most popular one-, two-, and three-parameter distributions. A fourth-moment reliability index based on this distribution is derived and its application to structural reliability assessment is discussed. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate these advantages.
Amplification of X-and Y-chromosome-specific regions from single human blastomeres by polymerase chain reaction for sexing of preimplantation embryos (1994)

We describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of X and Y chromosomes in human blastomeres. In a first round of PCR, both X- and Y-specific fragments are amplified with primers which are common to both chromosomes and are derived from the X-linked steroid sulphatase gene and the Y-linked pseudogene. In a second round of PCR, fragments specific to each chromosome are generated: both an X and a Y fragment in male embryos and, due to the absence of a Y chromosome, only an X fragment in females. The efficiency and accuracy of this assay are high; it generates no false positive amplification signals and allows sexing in approximately 6 h after embryo biopsy. We therefore believe that it is suitable for gender determination by preimplantation diagnosis for couples at risk for X-linked genetic diseases.
Removal of Bile Acids by Two Different Extracorporeal Liver Support Systems in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (2007)

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is accompanied by marked intrahepatic cholestasis leading to accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids. Extracorporeal liver support systems efficiently remove bile acids, but their effect on bile acid composition in ACLF is unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare elimination of individual plasma bile acids by albumin dialysis (Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System, MARS) and fractionated plasma separation (Prometheus). Eight consecutive patients with ACLF underwent alternating 6-hour sessions with MARS or Prometheus in a randomized, cross-over design. Serum samples were obtained before, during, and after each treatment, and individual bile acids including cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were measured by gas chromatography. MARS and Prometheus removed total bile acids to a similar extent (reduction ratio, 45% and 46%, respectively). Both devices cleared cholic acid more efficiently than did CDCA. The molar fraction of CDCA (fCDCA) was elevated at baseline and correlated with the degree of liver dysfunction. Prometheus but not MARS treatments further increased fCDCA. Although both devices eliminate total bile acids to a similar extent, clearance of individual bile acids is different, leading to a slight change of the bile acid profile toward hydrophobic bile acids during Prometheus treatments.
Effects of centrifugation on the carboxyl modified single-walled carbon nanotubes suspension (2009)

The centrifugal method is adopted to investigate the properties of carboxyl-terminated single-walled carbon nanotube (c-SWCNT) suspension. The chemical properties of each supernatant sample are confirmed with the Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and are not influenced by centrifugal process. The optical properties observed by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy (UV-VISNIR) show that the oxidation debris co-existed with cSWCNTs in supernatant samples is a material creating perturbation at the electronic structure of the c-SWCNT. The G-band in the Raman results displays the red shift toward the low frequency side. The red shift of G-band is estimated because the removal of the oxidation debris by centrifugal method induces the de-doping effect on the electrical structure of SWCNTs.
On the size reduction of silver inclusions in melt textured YBa2Cu3Oxsuperconductors (1995)

During melt processing of YBa2Cu3Ox (123) superconductors with silver or silver oxide additions, large inclusions of metallic silver (Ag) are often found in the textured microstructure due to particle coarsening and coalescence. In the present study the effectiveness of PdO additions in preventing silver particle coarsening in textured 123 is studied. PdO additions as low as 1 wt% of 123 were observed to considerably decrease silver particle coarsening as compared to undoped textured 123-Ag samples. The Tc of textured 123-Ag samples was not affected by the PdO additions in the amounts considered here, suggesting that PdO can be incorporated into 123 as an effective inhibitor of silver inclusion coarsening.
Integration of top-emitting organic light emitting diodes on CMOS substrates (2008)

The integration of top-emitting OLEDs on CMOS substrates is of interest for a variety of applications. Whereas OLEDbased microdisplays have already been commercialized, OLEDs could also be used to realize sensor applications, optocouplers, etc. Red top-emitting OLED structures were deposited on CMOS substrates. The OLED technology includes phosphorescent emitters and doped transport layers. This approach results in high efficiencies and low operating voltage. The CMOS top metal is crucial for this type of devices since this layer is the interface between CMOS and OLED technology. In a first step, OLED process development was carried out on passive substrates without transistor circuit but CMOS compatible interface. Luminance values of 100cd/m2 and 1000cd/m2 are reached at 2.45V and 3.1V, respectively. Current efficiency at these luminance values is 14.2 cd/A and 13.4 cd/A, respectively, with a peak wavelength of 627nm. This OLED stack was then successfully prepared on full-CMOS-substrates. luminance values is 14.2 cd/A and 13.4 cd/A, respectively, with a peak wavelength of 627nm. This OLED stack was then successfully prepared on full-CMOS-substrates.
AMP‐activated protein kinase enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and neutrophils (2011)

Although AMPK plays well-established roles in the modulation of energy balance, recent studies have shown that AMPK activation has potent anti-inflammatory effects. In the present experiments, we examined the role of AMPK in phagocytosis. We found that ingestion of Escherichia coli or apoptotic cells by macrophages increased AMPK activity. AMPK activation increased the ability of neutrophils or macrophages to ingest bacteria (by 46 ± 7.8 or 85 ± 26%, respectively, compared to control, P<0.05) and the ability of macrophages to ingest apoptotic cells (by 21 ± 1.4%, P<0.05 compared to control). AMPK activation resulted in cytoskeletal reorganization, including enhanced formation of actin and microtubule networks. Activation of PAK1/2 and WAVE2, which are downstream effectors of Rac1, accompanied AMPK activation. AMPK activation also induced phosphorylation of CLIP-170, a protein that participates in microtubule synthesis. The increase in phagocytosis was reversible by the specific AMPK inhibitor compound C, siRNA to AMPKα1, Rac1 inhibitors, or agents that disrupt actin or microtubule networks. In vivo, AMPK activation resulted in enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in the lungs by 75 ± 5% vs. control (P<0.05). These results demonstrate a novel function for AMPK in enhancing the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages.
Hydrothermal processing of actinide contaminated organic wastes (1997)

Hydrothermal oxidation is an innovative process for the destruction of organic wastes, that occurs above the critical temperature and pressure of water. The process provides high destruction and removal efficiencies for a wide variety of organic and hazardous substances. For aqueous/organic mixtures, organic materials, and pure organic liquids hydrothermal processing removes most of the organic and nitrate components (>99.999%) and facilitates the collection and separation of the actinides. We have designed, built and tested a hydrothermal processing unit for the removal of the organic and hazardous substances from actinide contaminated liquids and solids. Here we present results for the organic generated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium Facility.