gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vers une approche simplifiÃ©e pour introduire le caractÃ¨re incrÃ©mental dans les systÃ¨mes de dialogue (2014)

Incremental dialogue is at the heart of current research in the field of dialogue systems. Several architectures and models have been published such as (Allen et al., 2001; Schlangen & Skantze, 2011). This work has made it possible to understand many aspects of incremental dialogue, however, in order to implement these solutions, one needs to start from scratch as the existing architectures are inherently different. Our approach is different as it tends towards a new generation of incremental systems that behave incrementally but work internally in a traditional way. This paper suggests inserting a new module, called the Scheduler, between the service and the client. This Scheduler manages the asynchronous events, hence reproducing the behaviour of incremental systems from the client’s point of view. On the other end, the service does not work incrementally.
Just a Proton: Distinguishing the Two Electronic States of Five-Coordinate High-Spin Iron(II) Porphyrinates with Imidazole/ate Coordination (2010)

We report detailed studies on two S = 2 electronic states of high-spin iron(II) porphyrinates. These two states are exemplified by the five-coordinate derivatives with either neutral imidazole or anionic imidazolate as the axial ligand. The application of several physical methods all demonstrate distinctive differences between the two states. These include characteristic molecular structure differences, Mossbauer spectra, magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy, and integer-spin EPR spectral distinctions. These distinctions are supported by DFT calculations. The two states are characterized by very different spatial properties of the doubly occupied orbital of the high-spin that are consonant with the physical properties.
Hidden Markov models for wavelet-based signal processing (2002)

Current wavelet-based statistical signal and image processing techniques such as shrinkage and filtering treat the wavelet coefficients as though they were statistically independent. This assumption is unrealistic; considering the statistical dependencies between wavelet coefficients can yield substantial performance improvements. In this paper we develop a new framework for wavelet-based signal processing that employs hidden Markov models to characterize the dependencies between wavelet coefficients. To illustrate the power of the new framework, we derive a new signal denoising algorithm that outperforms current scalar shrinkage techniques.
The 1. 1 micrometer and visible emission semiconductor diode lasers. Final report, 1 January - 30 November 1977 (1978)

In (AlGa)As, the first of three alloy systems studied, Continuous Wave (CW) operation was obtained at room temperature at a wavelength as low as 7260 A. Reliability in this system was studied in the incoherent mode. Zinc doped devices had significant degradation, whereas Ge or Ge plus Zi doped devices had none. The Al/sup 2/O/sup 3/ facet coatings were shown to significantly reduce facet deterioration in all types of lasers, longer wavelength units of that type having accumulated (at the time of writing) 22,000 hours with little if any degradation. A CL study of thin (AlGa)As layers revealed micro fluctuation in composition. A macro-scale fluctuation was observed by electroreflectance. An experimental and theoretical study of the effect of stripe width on the threshold current was carried out. Emission below 7000 A was obtained in VPE grown Ga(AsP) (In,Ga)P with CW operation at 10 C. Lasers and LED's were made by LPE in (InGa) (AsP). Laser thresholds of 5 kA/cm2 were obtained, while LED efficiences were on the order of 2%. Incoherent life test over 6000 hours showed no degradation.
Multi-state and Interleaved Converters With Passive Impedances for Current Sharing (2014)

This paper presents multilevel switching cells that allow the generation of high-power nonisolated dc-dc, ac-dc, dc-ac, and ac- ac converters. The cells are classified in two groups: multi-state switching cells (MSSC) based on autotransformer and interleaved switching cells (ISC) based on inductors. Each switching cell has an impedance based on a small inductor Lsh connected between the legs, which is named current sharing circuit (CSC) and guarantees zero average voltage across the involved magnetic components, therefore compensating eventual differences between the PWM (pulse width modulation) duty cycles. The small inductor causes the duty cycle to be reduced, and consequently its inductance is typically very small. In order to verify the current sharing between the magnetic components, two dc-dc buck converters operating at 25 kHz and rated at 1 kW, where the input voltage is 200 V and the output voltage is 60 V , are implemented and evaluated in laboratory.
Quinazolinocarboline Alkaloids Chemistry: Thermal Rearrangement of 14-Alkylindole[2',3':3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5-one. Part II (1979)

The thermal rearrangement of 14-alkylindolo [2' , 3 ' :3,4] pyridor2,l-blquinazolin-5-ones (I$-&) in boiling DMSO has been studied.(Ip-d,f,g) give hydrogen migration products (Zp,g,$,g,&) and alkyl migration products (Zb,d,f,&,&) respectively, whereas (l&,h) give only (22).Crossover experiments support the intramolecular character of these processes.The formation of hydrogen migration products is interpreted through an a-elimination induced by NI3 atom and a-bond cleavage.A radical fragmentation-recombination mechanism is suggested for alkyl migration.
Review and evaluation of security threats on the communication networks in the smart grid (2010)

The smart grid, generally referred to as the next-generation power electric system, relies on robust communication networks to provide efficient, secure, and reliable information delivery. Thus, the network security is of critical importance in the smart grid. In this paper, we aim at classifying and evaluating the security threats on the communication networks in the smart grid. Based on a top-down analysis, we categorize the goals of potential attacks against the smart grid communication networks into three types: network availability, data integrity and information privacy. We then qualitatively analyze both the impact and feasibility of the three types of attacks. Moreover, since network availability is the top priority in the security objectives for the smart grid, we use experiments to quantitatively evaluate the impact of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on a power substation network. Our work provides initial experimental data of DoS attacks against a power network and shows that the network performance degrades dramatically only when the DoS attack intensity approaches to the maximum.
Radioimmunoassay for Thyrotropin (TSH) in Serum from Baboons (1970)

A radioimmunoassay has been described capable of quantifying TSH in serum from baboons. This assay utilized antisera against human TSH and labeled human TSH but baboon TSH shows complete cross-reaction. Because of these findings, one can conclude that there are marked antigenic similarities between baboon and human TSH, but, because some antisera can differentiate baboon from the human TSH, there also must be antigenic differences between these 2 hormones.
Modellbasierte Verbesserung von Sprachverständlichkeit in Hörgeräten (2009)

Dieser Artikel behandelt Algorithmen zur Verbesserung der Sprachverstandlichkeit, welche auf physiologischen und psychoakustischen Modellen des Horapparates beruhen. Neben den Methoden der Richtmikrofonierung ist der vorgestellte modellbasierte Ansatz der robusten und augenblicklichen Verbesserung des Signal-Rausch-Abstandes (SNR) fahig und eignet sich damit zum Einsatz in Horgeraten. Ferner ermoglicht die Kombination beider Verfahren eine sich konstruktiv erganzende Arbeitsweise bei der Trennung von Zielsprecher und Interferenz. Eine aktuelle Fragestellung ist die Optimierung modellbasierter Algorithmen in exemplarisch kritischen Situationen. Die Verbesserung der Effizienz ist dabei im Wesentlichen funktional abhangig von algorithmischen Parametern. Die Suche nach einem optimalen Parameterset ist manuell aufwandig. Rationell ist die methodische Bewertung der komplexen Algorithmen allein mit objektiven Verfahren durchfuhrbar. Da gegenwartig keine objektiven Methoden fur die Analyse binauraler und nicht-linearer Algorithmen verfugbar sind, wird an unserem Institut der Speech Transmission Index (STI), ein Mas zur Bewertung der Sprachverstandlichkeit bei breitbandiger Interferenz, erweitert. Das neue, objektive Mas soll in einem genetischen Suchalgorithmus als Zielfunktion zur Optimierung von Horgeratealgorithmen angewandt werden. Da der STI die individuelle Horleistung einbeziehen kann, ist eine personenbezogene Adaption der modellbasierten Algorithmen moglich. Dieser Artikel skizziert den Optimierungsprozess anhand einer Demonstration. Aus den Ergebnissen werden die Anforderungen an eine verbesserte Bewertungsfunktion
der Sprachverstandlichkeit abgeleitet.
Liposomal curcumin with and without oxaliplatin: effects on cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (2007)

The role of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a proapoptotic compound, for the treatment of cancer has been an area of growing interest. Curcumin in its free form is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and therefore may be limited in its clinical efficacy. Liposome encapsulation of this compound would allow systemic administration. The current study evaluated the preclinical antitumor activity of liposomal curcumin in colorectal cancer. We also compared the efficacy of liposomal curcumin with oxaliplatin, a standard chemotherapy for this malignancy. In vitro treatment with liposomal curcumin induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt] and apoptosis [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] in the two human colorectal cancer cell lines tested (LoVo and Colo205 cells). There was also synergism between liposomal curcumin and oxaliplatin at a ratio of 4:1 in LoVo cells in vitro. In vivo, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in Colo205 and LoVo xenografts, and the growth inhibition by liposomal curcumin was greater than that for oxaliplatin (P < 0.05) in Colo205 cells. Tumors from animals treated with liposomal curcumin showed an antiangiogenic effect, including attenuation of CD31 (an endothelial marker), vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-8 expression by immunohistochemistry. This study establishes the comparable or greater growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of liposomal curcumin with oxaliplatin both in vitro and in vivo in colorectal cancer. We are currently developing liposomal curcumin for introduction into the clinical setting.
Synthesis and Localization of Pancreatic Secretory Proteins in Pancreatic Acinar-like Metaplasia in the Distal Part of the Oesophagus (2003)

Pancreatic acinar-like metaplasia is common in the distal oesophagus and pancreatic secretory proteins, including trypsininogen 2, are produced in the oesophageal metaplastic acinar cells. The biological significance of this finding has yet not been thoroughly studied.
Improving web page classification by label-propagation over click graphs (2009)

In this paper, we present a semi-supervised learning method for web page classification, leveraging click logs to augment training data by propagating class labels to unlabeled similar documents. Current state-of-the-art classifiers are supervised and require large amounts of manually labeled data. We hypothesize that unlabeled documents similar to our positive and negative labeled documents tend to be clicked through by the same user queries. Our proposed method leverages this hypothesis and augments our training set by modeling the similarity between documents in a click graph. We experiment with three different web page classifiers and show empirical evidence that our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods and reduces the amount of human effort to label training data.
Subliminal Response Priming in Mixed Reality: The Ecological Validity of a Classic Paradigm of Perception (2014)

Subliminal stimuli can affect perception, decision-making, and action without being accessible to conscious awareness. Most evidence supporting this notion has been obtained in highly controlled laboratory conditions. Hence, its generalization to more realistic and ecologically valid contexts is unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of subliminal cues in an immersive navigation task using the so-called eXperience Induction Machine (XIM), a human accessible mixed-reality system. Subjects were asked to navigate through a maze at high speed. At irregular intervals, one group of subjects was exposed to subliminal aversive stimuli using the masking paradigm. We hypothesized that these stimuli would bias decision-making. Indeed, our results confirm this hypothesis and indicate that a subliminal channel of interaction exists between the user and the XIM. These results are relevant in our understanding of the bandwidth of communication that can be established between humans and their physical and social environment, thus opening up to new and powerful methods to interface humans and artefacts.
Cold panniculitis (1966)

A 6-month-old patient manifesting cold panniculitis had negative responses to tests for abnormalities of coagulation, serum proteins and immune response. Following application of ice, serial histopathologic studies were done at one-half, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours, six days, and two weeks. These revealed a panniculitis at the dermal-subdermal junction with a predominance of histiocytes in the cellular infiltrate at 24 hours. The maximum reaction was seen at 72 hours. At two weeks the reaction had almost completely subsided. These changes paralleled the clinical course of the erythematous, indurated plaque which did not appear until 48 to 72 hours after insult, and then gradually subsided without any residual change. At 18 months of age his unusual sensitivity to cold disappeared.
Polyhalogenoaromatic compounds. Part 30. Eliminations of molecular nitrogen from trichloro- and perfluorotri-isopropyl-1,2,4-triazine (1979)

Fluorination of trichloro-1, 2, 4-triazine (2), using potassium fluoride at elevated temperatures is not a useful route to the corresponding trifluoro-derivative but reaction of (2) with hexafluoropropene and potassium fluoride gave perfluorotri-isopropyl-1, 2, 4-triazine (8). Pyrolysis of (2) in the vapour phase gave trichloroacrylonitrile and this is interpreted as evidence for an intermediate azete. Pyrolysis of (8) gave a mixture of (CF3)2CFCCCF(CF3)2(16) and (CF3)2CFCN (17) while photolysis gave rearrangement to perfluorotri-isopropyl-1, 3, 5-triazine (18) as well as (16) and (17) by elimination of nitrogen.
Medical errors plague every specialty (2005)

Sometimes physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other health-care providers make mistakes. A few statistics generated by the Institute of Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and others highlight the problem.
Synthesis of clomipramine‐d8 (1981)

Abstract The synthesis of deuterium labelled clomipramine which is an antidepressant drug is described. Eight deuterium atoms have been incorporated specifically into the nonaromatic part of the molecule — six atoms at 1, 2, and 3 positions of the dimethyl‐ aminopropyl side chain and two atoms at the 10 and 11 positions of the molecule. 1,1,2,2,3,3‐Hexadeutero‐3‐dimethylaminopropyl chloride has been synthesized for this purpose and used for the construction of the labelled side chain.
Mutation analysis of KIF21A in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) patients (2004)

As reported, the classical c.2860C>T mutation represents a hotspot for mutation in various ethnic groups, including Swiss, Turkish, French, and Iranian patients. Sporadic cases are often due to neo-mutations as in our case. Mutation analysis is important, especially in sporadic cases, to correctly evaluate recurrence and transmission risks.
Treating the metabolic syndrome (2007)

The metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities with insulin resistance as its central component, is increasing in prevalence and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current evidence supports an aggressive intervention approach that comprises lifestyle modification in conjunction with drug treatment of the MS components. Healthier eating and regular exercise greatly reduce waistline and body mass index, lower blood pressure and improve lipid profile. Lifestyle modification has been proven to prevent T2DM development. Nevertheless, appropriate treatment of MS components often requires pharmacologic intervention with insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, while statins and fibrates, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are the first-line lipid-modifying or antihypertensive drugs. Only severely obese patients require specific drug treatments. Very often, drug combinations will be necessary to manage multiple risk factors. As we progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the MS, new targets for therapies will probably be identified and new treatments will prove to be even more efficacious than those currently available for the management of this life-threatening condition.
Natural products may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the host cell (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Objectives:</bold> SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged in December 2019 in China, causing deadly (5% mortality) pandemic pneumonia, termed COVID-19. More than one host-cell receptor is reported to be recognized by the viral spike protein, among them is the cell-surface Heat Shock Protein A5 (HSPA5), also termed GRP78 or BiP. Upon viral infection, HSPA5 is upregulated, then translocating to the cell membrane where it is subjected to be recognized by the SARS-CoV-2 spike. In this study, some natural product compounds are tested against the HSPA5 substrate-binding domain β (SBDβ), which reported to be the recognition site for the SARS-CoV-2 spike. <bold>Methods:</bold> Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are used to test some natural compounds binding to HSPA5 SBDβ. <bold>Results:</bold> The results show high to a moderate binding affinity for the phytoestrogens (Diadiazin, Genistein, Formontein, and Biochanin A), chlorogenic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, hydroxytyrosol, cis-p-Coumaric acid, cinnamaldehyde, and thymoquinone to the HSPA5 SBDβ. Based on its binding affinities, the natural compounds, and some hormones, may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the stressed cells. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> These compounds can be successful as anti-COVID-19 agents for people with a high risk of cell stress like elders, cancer patients, and front-line medical staff.
IFlowPlate—A Customized 384‐Well Plate for the Culture of Perfusable Vascularized Colon Organoids (2020)

Abstract Despite the complexity and structural sophistication that 3D organoid models provide, their lack of vascularization and perfusion limit the capability of these models to recapitulate organ physiology effectively. A microfluidic platform named IFlowPlate is engineered, which can be used to culture up to 128 independently perfused and vascularized colon organoids in vitro. Unlike traditional microfluidic devices, the vascularized organoid‐on‐chip device with an “open‐well” design does not require any external pumping systems and allows tissue extraction for downstream analyses, such as histochemistry or even in vivo transplantation. By optimizing both the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the culture media formulation, patient‐derived colon organoids are co‐cultured successfully within a self‐assembled vascular network, and it is found that the colon organoids grow significantly better in the platform under constant perfusion versus conventional static condition. Furthermore, a colon inflammation model with an innate immune function where circulating monocytes can be recruited from the vasculature, differentiate into macrophage, and infiltrate the colon organoids in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ inflammatory cytokine stimulation is developed using the platform. With the ability to grow vascularized colon organoids under intravascular perfusion, the IFlowPlate platform could unlock new possibilities for screening potential therapeutic targets or modeling relevant diseases.
Die Intention der Arbeit (1973)

Die Komplexität betrieblicher Zusammenhänge bedingt den Einsatz effizienter Entscheidungshilfen bei der Lösung von Managementproblemen. Erfahrung und Intuition müssen durch formale Methoden unterstützt werden. Sie können umso wirkungsvoller eingesetzt werden, je präziser die Voraussetzungen und Problemstrukturen bekannt sind, die ihnen zugrundeliegen.
Cysteine protease cathepsin S as a key step in antigen presentation (2004)

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease in the papain super-family. Studies have shown that it is highly expressed in antigen-presenting cells. Along with other lysosomal proteases, cathepsin S plays an important role in the major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted antigen presentation, especially in the degradation of the invariant chain, a chaperone peptide bound to the class II complex. Compared with other lysosomal cysteine proteases, cathepsin S has displayed some unique characteristics. As a result, cathepsin S has been implicated as a potential target in the treatment of various disorders ranging from autoimmune diseases to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, a number of small-molecule cathepsin S inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in disease-relevant models.
Kin recognition: Another biological function for root secretions (2010)

In the past, studies have shown that plants do indeed have the ability to recognize other plants in their surroundings based on relatedness and identity. Although, mechanisms for these recognitions have been proposed, to date, one has not been supported. In our recent work, we showed that Arabidopsis plants distinguish self/non self or kin/stranger plants through secretion and by recognition of root secretions. Additionally, we show that this kin response can be eliminated through treatment with a root secretion inhibitor and that the kin recognition response is robust through several Arabidopsis accessions. We hope that this study can promote the understanding of root secretion and its numerous roles in rhizosphere communications.
Mixed-mode twisted nematic liquid crystal cells for reflective displays (1996)

A mixed-mode twisted nematic (MTN) liquid crystal cell is developed for both reflective-mode projection and direct-view displays. This MTN cell exhibits two times higher brightness and eliminates the parallax problem as commonly observed in reflective displays using a nominal transmissive TN cell. In the meantime, the MTN structure preserves advantageous characteristics of the TN structure such as low operation voltage and high contrast ratio. Confirming computer simulations using Jones matrix method agree with the experimental results well.
Dynamic Instability in Delay-Coupled Semiconductor Lasers (1992)

Although semiconductor lasers are inherently large-linewidth and low-power devices, these limitations can be overcome by coupling their output to another laser or resonator. A coupling delay, however, is known to cause an extreme loss of coherence for a self-coupled diode laser above a critical coupling level. 1 Unstable operation has also been observed recently in a system of two semiconductor lasers mutually coupled at a distance, 2 a phenomenon referred to as overcoupling. In this paper, systematic spectral and coherence measurements are described for a single, self-coupled diode laser and two mutually coupled lasers, demonstrating extreme dynamic instability at moderate coupling levels.