gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consequences of Block Sequence on the Orthogonal Folding of Triblock Copolymers (2014)

ABA- and BAB-type triblock copolymers possessing pendant, self-assembling motifs in the A and B blocks were synthesized, with 2-ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) for the A and B block, respectively. They were investigated to assess if and how the polymer's microstructure influences the self-assembly behavior of the supramolecular motifs and, as a result, the single-chain folding process. BAB-type triblock copolymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with molecular weights ranging from 30 to 120 kg mol⁻¹; the BTA and UPy motifs were attached using a post-functionalization approach. The ABA-type triblock copolymers were available from previous work. In highly dilute solutions, both types of triblock copolymers fold into single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) via thermally induced BTA self-assembly and photo-triggered UPy dimerization. Chain collapse induced by intramolecular UPy dimerization was evaluated using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The BTA self-assembly was monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The microstructures of SCPNs were visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). SEC analysis indicated a more loose packing for the BAB-type folded nanoparticles than for the ABA-type ones, which implies that topological differences in the polymer architecture do affect the folding behavior, although only slightly. The facile synthetic protocol developed here provides topologically different triblock architectures and opens up the area for single-chain folding technology that is applicable in artificial enzymatic systems with compartmentalized domains.
Networking and Online Games: Understanding and Engineering Multiplayer Internet Games (2006)

Author Biographies. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. 2 Early Online and Multiplayer Games. 2.1 Defining Networked and Multiplayer Games. 2.2 Early Multiplayer Games. 2.3 Multiplayer Network Games. 3 Recent Online and Multiplayer Games. 3.1 Communication Architectures. 3.2 The Evolution of Online Games. 3.3 Summary of Growth of Online Games. 3.4 The Evolution of Online Game Platforms. 3.5 Context of Computer Games. 4 Basic Internet Architecture. 4.1 IP Networks as seen from the Edge. 4.2 Connectivity and Routing. 4.3 Address Management. 5 Network Latency, Jitter and Loss. 5.1 The Relevance of Latency, Jitter and Loss. 5.2 Sources of Latency, Jitter and Loss in the Network. 5.3 Network Control of Lag, Jitter and Loss. 5.4 Measuring Network Conditions. 6 Latency Compensation Techniques. 6.1 The Need for Latency Compensation. 6.2 Prediction. 6.3 Time Manipulation. 6.4 Visual Tricks. 6.5 Latency Compensation and Cheating. 7 Playability versus Network Conditions and Cheats. 7.1 Measuring Player Tolerance for Network Disruptions. 7.2 Communication Models, Cheats and Cheat-Mitigation. 8 Broadband Access Networks. 8.1 What Broadband Access Networks are and why they Matter. 8.2 Access Network Protocols and Standards. 8.3 Cable Networks. 8.4 ADSL Networks. 8.5 Wireless LANs. 8.6 Cellular Networks. 8.7 Bluetooth Networks. 8.8 Conclusion. 9 Where Do Players Come from and When? 9.1 Measuring Your Own Game Traffic. 9.2 Hourly and Daily Game-play Trends. 9.3 Server-discovery (Probe Traffic) Trends. 9.4 Mapping Traffic to Player Locations. 10 Online Game Traffic Patterns. 10.1 Measuring Game Traffic with Timestamping Errors. 10.2 Sub-second Characteristics. 10.3 Sub-second Packet-size Distributions. 10.4 Sub-Second Inter-Packet Arrival Times. 10.5 Estimating the Consequences. 10.6 Simulating Game Traffic. 11 Future Directions. 11.1 Untethered. 11.2 Quality of Service. 11.3 New Architectures. 11.4 Cheaters Beware. 11.5 Augmented Reality. 11.6 Massively Multiplayer. 11.7 Pickup and Putdown. 11.8 Server Browsers. 12 Setting Up Online FPS Game Servers. 12.1 Considerations for an Online Game Server. 12.2 Wolfenstein Enemy Territory. 12.3 Half-Life 2. 12.4 Configuring FreeBSD's Linux-compatibility Mode. 13 Conclusion. 13.1 Networking Fundamentals. 13.2 Game Technologies and Development. 13.3 A Note Regarding Online Sources. Index.
Intestinal perforation and vascular rupture in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. (1986)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare genetically determined disorder of connective tissue. Such patients often present challenges in clinical diagnosis and management. Dramatic life-threatening presentations include gastrointestinal perforation and vascular rupture, both occurring in the patient described. This case illustrates diagnostic features and therapeutic maneuvers important in the management of such complications of this disorder.
Octaoctyl-Substituted Lutetium Bisphthalocyanine for NADH Biosensing (2013)

Cyclic voltammetric and Raman and UV-vis spectroscopic measurements were performed on thin films of nonperipherally substituted bis[1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(octyl)phthalocyaninato] lutetium(III) (R16LuPc2). Voltammograms exhibit one-electron quasi-reversible redox processes in 1.5 M LiClO4 aqueous solutions. The red-shift of the Q-band of R16LuPc2 in the UV-visible absorption spectra upon oxidation is attributed to the shortening of the inter-ring distance between the two phthalocyanine moieties. This observation is also consistent with the shift in the redox-sensitive vibrational modes in the Raman spectra due to the localization of the positive charge on phthalocyanine moieties. Neutralization of the oxidized R16LuPc2(+) film by dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) using different concentrations varying from 0.05 to 1 mM has been studied by UV-vis absorption and Raman spectroscopies. The reduction processes for a three month old film were found to be slower than those for freshly prepared films and showed a dependence upon NADH concentration. The data provide a basis for application of R16LuPc2 as a sensor for NADH.
Foods, 3. Food Additives (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. History 1.2. Safety Aspects 2. Substances with Nutritive and Other Dietary Effects 2.1. Vitamins and Provitamins 2.2. Amino Acids 2.3. Minerals and Trace Elements 2.4. Bulking Agents 3. Substances with Stabilizing Effects 3.1. Preservatives 3.1.1. Mode of Action 3.1.2. Methods of Evaluation 3.1.3. Uses and Individual Substances 3.2. Antioxidants 3.2.1. Mode of Action 3.2.2. Methods of Evaluation 3.2.3. Uses and Individual Substances 3.3. Synergists and Sequestrants 3.4. Packaging Gases 3.5. Stabilizers 3.6. Emulsifiers 3.6.1. Mode of Action 3.6.2. Uses and Individual Substances 3.7. Thickeners 3.7.1. Mode of Action 3.7.2. Methods of Evaluation 3.7.3. Uses and Individual Substances 3.8. Gelling Agents 3.9. Foam Stabilizers </j
Tolerance of delay faults (2003)

Defect tolerance is traditionally concerned with maintaining system function in the face of spot defects that cause catastrophic circuit faults, such as shorts and opens. This paper describes the problem of spot defects that cause delay faults, and how they can be modeled and characterized in an IC fabrication line. A procedure for simulating the occurrence of such delay faults in a design is described, and results for a number of examples are given. Some techniques for tolerance of delay faults at the architectural and algorithmic level are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hybrid genetic optimization and statistical model based approach for the classification of shadow shapes in sonar imagery (2000)

We present an original statistical classification method using a deformable template model to separate natural objects from man-made objects in an image provided by a high resolution sonar. A prior knowledge of the manufactured object shadow shape is captured by a prototype template, along with a set of admissible linear transformations, to take into account the shape variability. Then, the classification problem is defined as a two-step process: 1) the detection problem of a region of interest in the input image is stated as the minimization of a cost function; and 2) the value of this function at convergence allows one to determine whether the desired object is present or not in the sonar image. The energy minimization problem is tackled using relaxation techniques. In this context, we compare the results obtained with a deterministic relaxation technique and two stochastic relaxation methods: simulated annealing and a hybrid genetic algorithm. This latter method has been successfully tested on real and synthetic sonar images, yielding very promising results.
Novel Method for Site-specific Induction of Oxidative DNA Damage to Study Recruitment of Repair Proteins to Heterochromatin and Euchromatin (2014)

ROS-induced DNA damage is repaired in living cells within a temporal and spatial context, and chromatin structure is critical to a consideration of DNA repair processes in situ. It’s well known that chromatin remodeling factors participate in many DNA damage repair pathways, indicating the importance of chromatin remodeling in facilitating DNA damage repair. To date, there has been no method to induce site-specific oxidative DNA damage in living cells. Therefore, it is not known whether the DNA repair mechanisms differ within active or condensed chromatin. We recently established a novel method, DTG (Damage Targeted at one Genome-site), to study DNA damage response of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage in living cell at one genome loci with active or inactive transcription. For this, we integrated a tetracycline responsive elements (TRE) cassette (~90 kb) at X-chromosome in U2OS cells (Lan et al., 2010), then fused KillerRed (KR), a light-stimulated ROS-inducer which can specifically produce ROS-induced DNA damage, to a tet-repressor (tetR-KR, OFF) or a transcription activator (TA-KR, ON) (Lan et al., 2014) (Figure 1). TetR-KR or TA-KR binds to the TRE cassette and induces ROS damage under hetero- or euchromatin states, respectively. How chromatin states regulate the DNA damage response processes can be examined by using this powerful method.
Yes‐associated protein activation potentiates glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibitor‐induced proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes and iPS cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (2022)

Because mammalian cardiomyocytes largely cease to proliferate immediately after birth, the regenerative activity of the heart is limited. To date, much effort has been made to clarify the regulatory mechanism of cardiomyocyte proliferation because the amplification of cardiomyocytes could be a promising strategy for heart regenerative therapy. Recently, it was reported that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 promotes the proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Additionally, Yes-associated protein (YAP) induces cardiomyocyte proliferation. The purpose of this study was to address the importance of YAP activity in cardiomyocyte proliferation induced by GSK-3 inhibitors (GSK-3Is) to develop a novel strategy for cardiomyocyte amplification. Immunofluorescent microscopic analysis using an anti-Ki-67 antibody demonstrated that the treatment of NRCMs with GSK-3Is, such as BIO and CHIR99021, increased the ratio of proliferative cardiomyocytes. YAP was localized in the nuclei of more than 95% of cardiomyocytes, either in the presence or absence of GSK-3Is, indicating that YAP was endogenously activated. GSK-3Is increased the expression of β-catenin and promoted its translocation into the nucleus without influencing YAP activity. The knockdown of YAP using siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of YAP using verteporfin or CIL56 dramatically reduced GSK-3I-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation without suppressing β-catenin activation. Interestingly, the inhibition of GSK-3 also induced the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs under sparse culture conditions, where YAP was constitutively activated. In contrast, under dense culture conditions, in which YAP activity was suppressed, the proliferative effects of GSK-3Is on hiPSC-CMs were not detected. Importantly, the activation of YAP by the knockdown of α-catenin restored the proproliferative activity of GSK-3Is. Collectively, YAP activation potentiates the GSK-3I-induced proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The blockade of GSK-3 in combination with YAP activation resulted in remarkable amplification of cardiomyocytes.
Rate-Compatible Turbo Codes Designed with Puncture-Constrained DRP Interleavers (2011)

Rate-compatible turbo codes are designed using dithered relative prime (DRP) interleavers with data puncturing. DRP interleavers are simple to implement and memory-efficient. Their repetitive structure facilitates finding interleaver parameters that provide excellent performance at both high and low error rates. With puncture-constrained DRP interleavers, the data and parity puncture patterns can be matched to the interleaver, thereby maintaining excellent performance for very high code rates. This makes them ideally suited to rate- compatible coding applications. Excellent waterfall and error-flare performance is demonstrated for rate-compatible turbo codes with code rates ranging from 1/3 to 8/9.
Microstructure and strength analysis of ultrasonically shaped ceramics. (1993)

In this study, the influence of a new ultrasonic shaping procedure on the surface quality, microstructure, bending strength and fatigue behaviour of a feldspathic porcelain was investigated. A total of 120 standardized (ISO 6872) autoglazed, ground, lapped and ultrasonically machined porcelain test bars were analyzed. Another 24 equiformat experimental alumina ceramics, which were ultrasonically machined, as well as 24 nontreated fload glass specimen served as controls. It could be shown that the porcelain removal process with diamond grinding wheels yielded a rough surface microrelief and lead to structural subsurface damage, decreasing bending strength and fatigue behaviour. In contrast, ultrasonic shaping resulted in a smoother surface and prevented damage to the subsurface layer of the machined brittle porcelain, although, the smoothest surfaces were achieved by lapping. Both bending strength and fatigue behaviour of the conventional dental porcelain were increased by ultrasonic machining. However, the fracture toughness of the experimental alumina was substantially higher and was not subjected to a decrease in fatigue.
Formation and Signaling Actions of Electrophilic Lipids (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTFormation and Signaling Actions of Electrophilic LipidsFrancisco J. Schopfer†, Chiara Cipollina‡§, and Bruce A. Freeman*†View Author Information† Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States‡ Fondazione Ri.MED, Piazza Sett'Angeli 10, 90134 Palermo, Italy§ Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, ItalyBruce A. Freeman, Ph.D., E1340 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States. Phone: 412-648-9319. Fax: 412-648-2229. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 10, 5997–6021Publication Date (Web):September 20, 2011Publication History Received18 April 2011Published online20 September 2011Published inissue 12 October 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200131ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200131ereview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3642Altmetric-Citations252LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cell signaling,Electrophiles,Inflammation,Lipids,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Continuous and high precision atmospheric concentration measurements of COS, CO 2 , CO and H 2 O using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) (2016)

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been suggested as a useful tracer for Gross Primary Production as it is taken up by plants in a similar way as CO2. To explore and verify the application of this novel tracer, it is highly desired to develop the ability to perform continuous and high precision in situ atmospheric measurements of COS and CO2. In this study we have tested a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) for its suitability to obtain accurate and high precision measurements of COS and CO2. The instrument is capable of simultaneously measuring COS, CO2, CO, and H2O after including a weak CO absorption line in the extended wavelength range. An optimal background and calibration strategy was developed based on laboratory tests to ensure accurate field measurements. We have derived water vapor correction factors based on a set of laboratory experiments, and found that line interference with H2O dominates over the dilution effect for COS. This interference can be solved mathematically by fitting the COS spectral line separately from the H2O spectral line. Furthermore, we improved the temperature stability of the QCLS by isolating it in an enclosed box and actively cooling its electronics with the same thermoelectric chiller used to cool the laser. The QCLS was deployed at the Lutjewad atmospheric monitoring station (60 m, 6°21'E, 53°24'N, 1 m a.s.l.) in the Netherlands from July 2014 to April 2015. The measurements of an independent calibration standard showed a mean difference with the assigned cylinder value within 3.3 ppt COS, 0.05 ppm for CO2 and 1.7 ppb for CO over a period of 35 days. The different contributions to uncertainty in measurements of COS, CO2 and CO were summarized and the overall uncertainty was determined to be 7.1 ppt for COS, 0.22 ppm for CO2 and 3.4 ppb for CO for one second data. The comparison of in situ QCLS measurements with measurements from flasks and a cavity ring-down spectrometer showed a difference of −3.5 ± 8.6 ppt for COS, 0.12 ± 0.77 ppm for CO2 and −0.9 ± 3.8 ppb for CO.
Effects of low‐iodide diet on postsurgical radioiodide ablation therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (2003)

We conclude from this study that a low-iodide diet during thyroid remnant ablation improves the efficacy of this treatment.
Iris volume decreases during pupillary dilation (2003)

Objective: To evaluate changes in iris cross-sectional area and volume under dark and lighted conditions using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Patients and methods: Patients underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging using standardized lighting conditions. Imaging was repeated after at least 2 minutes in standardized dark room conditions (physiological dilation) or 30 minutes after instillation of tropicamide 1% (pharmacological dilation). Images were exported to an IBM-compatible computer. Iris volume and cross- sectional area were then measured using an automated software program of our own design capable of calculating iris volume with axial alignment using keratometry and corneal diameter information. Results: Twenty two eyes of 22 healthy people were enrolled. In the pharmacologically dilated eyes, mean iris volume was 41.21 ± 2.64 mm3  before and 35.88 ±  3.92 mm3 after dilation (12.5 ± 11.4% reduction; p = 0.009, paired t-test). For eyes undergoing physiologic dilation, mean iris volume was 39.43 ± 7.83 mm3 using lighted conditions and decreased to 36.80 ± 6.70 mm3 in the dark (6.3 ± 4.8% reduction; p = 0.004). The change in pupillary diameter correlated significantly with iris volume and iris cross-sectional area change after physiological dilation (r2 = 0.41 and 0.35, p = 0.03 and  0.04, respectively, Pearson correlation), but not after pharmacological dilation (p > 0.2). Conclusion: Cross-sectional iris area decreases with pupillary dilation. The iris volume decrease during physiological change was proportionately less than with pharmacological dilation.
The Use of Queueing and Simulative Analyses to Improve an Overwhelmed Pharmacy Call Center (2009)

Like many others, the St. Louis Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) Pharmacy help desk receives far more calls than can be processed by current staffing levels. The objective of the study is to improve pharmaceutical services provided by the call center, by using queueing theory and discrete event dynamic simulation to analyze incoming telephone traffic to the help desk. Queueing and simulation models using both archival and hand-gathered data over a 1-year period were created, compared, and presented in order to determine the minimum quantities of staff needed to reach the desired service threshold. The simulation model was validated in comparison with real-world data. Results suggest that telephone traffic congestion in this setting may be alleviated by increasing the number of staff responsible for telephone services from 2 to 6 throughout the week, with an additional one serving on Monday. Both queueing and simulative models can be used to improve overwhelm pharmacy call centers, by determining the theoretical minimal staff needed to reach a service threshold.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Reducing Opioid Prescriptions to Patients with Chronic Pain in a Spinal Cord Injury Center (2018)

IV.
Evaluation des intracochleären Drucks bei Flüssigkeitsapplikation im Model und humanen Felsenbein (2023)

Einleitung Ziel der Applikation von Substanzen einer Innenohrtherapie ist die atraumatische Durchführung sowie eine über die Cochlea homogene Verteilung in einem vertretbaren zeitlichen Rahmen. Abhängig von der Substanz (Vektoren, Smart Molecules, Medikation) stellen sich besondere Herausforderungen, welche infektiöse Eigenschaften, kolloidale Eigenschaften und Anbindung an Trägersubstanzen angeht. Gemeinsam ist allen Substanzen die Notwendigkeit einer atraumatischen Applikation. Durch die Einbringung von Substanzen kommt es zu intracochleären Druckveränderungen, welche einen traumatischen Effekt haben können. Ziel der Studie war es unterschiedliche Techniken der Substanzapplikation und deren Auswirkungen auf den intracochleären Druck in unterschiedlichen Modellen zu vergleichen.