gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COVID-KOP: Integrating Emerging COVID-19 Data with the ROBOKOP Database (2020)

&lt;p&gt;In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we established COVID-KOP, a new knowledgebase integrating the existing ROBOKOP biomedical knowledge graph with information from recent biomedical literature on COVID-19 annotated in the CORD-19 collection. COVID-KOP can be used effectively to test new hypotheses concerning repurposing of known drugs and clinical drug candidates against COVID-19. COVID-KOP is freely accessible at &lt;a href="https://covidkop.renci.org/"&gt;https://covidkop.renci.org/&lt;/a&gt;. For code and instructions for the original ROBOKOP, see: https://github.com/NCATS-Gamma/robokop.&lt;/p&gt;
Pyramid algorithms as models of human cognition (2003)

There is growing body of experimental evidence showing that human perception and cognition involves mechanisms that can be adequately modeled by pyramid algorithms. The main aspect of those mechanisms is hierarchical clustering of information: visual images, spatial relations, and states as well as transformations of a problem. In this paper we review prior psychophysical and simulation results on visual size transformation, size discrimination, speed-accuracy tradeoff, figure-ground segregation, and the traveling salesman problem. We also present our new results on graph search and on the 15-puzzle.
Head-disc dynamics of low resonance laser textures-a spectrogram analysis (1998)

Spectrogram analysis provides a systematic way to study the head-disc interface dynamics and demonstrates how the frequency spectrum varies during the head take-off or landing. The regular pattern laser texture has strong input excitations, which includes not only the fundamental frequency of bump pitch density but also the higher order harmonics. When the excitation frequencies intercept the system resonance frequencies, such as the slider/sensor body natural frequencies, the sensor output is amplified, which causes a false reading in the glide testing and glide avalanche measurement. Spiral-line laser texture solves the problem of resonance by completely removing the source of excitation.
Pedobacter koreensis sp. nov., isolated from fresh water (2007)

A motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WPCB189(T), was isolated from fresh water collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). The cells were found to be Gram-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this isolate forms a lineage within the genus Pedobacter, showing sequence similarities of 89.7-96.4 % with respect to recognized species of the genus, and represents a novel member of this genus. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)omega7c (summed feature 3, 29.7 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (26.4 %) and iso-C(17 : 1) 3-OH (10.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.0 mol%. On the basis of data obtained from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain WPCB189(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPCB189(T) (=KCTC 12536(T)=NBRC 101153(T)).
Non-Oberbeck-Boussinesq natural convection in a tall differentially heated cavity (2010)

Turbulent flow in a water-filled rectangular parallelepiped tank of an integrated solar collector is analyzed by means of a set of two and three dimensional simulations. The geometry and the working conditions of the prototype yield an aspect ratio of Γ = 6:68, Rayleigh number of Ra = 2:2 x 10 11 and a Prandtl number of Pr = 3:42.\nDiff erent coarse DNS simulations and LES simulations using the dynamic Smagorinsky\nSGS and WALE model are presented. Validity of the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation\nis questioned. Heat transfer and first and second order statistics are studied.
Screening of Transition Metal Nitride As Possible Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Monte Carlo dosimetry for /sup 125/I and /sup 60/Co in eye plaque therapy (1986)

Monte Carlo calculations of radiation dosimetry using m-smcapso-smcapsr-smcapss-smcapse-smcaps code are performed for /sup 125/I and /sup 60/Co point sources in a cylindrical head phantom that simulates the geometry of eye plaque therapy for choroidal melanoma. We obtain the dose variation in the eye at submillimeter intervals over distances as close as 1 mm and up to 2.5 cm from the source. The calculations for /sup 125/I are performed for the phantom media of water, protein, and a homogenized protein--water mixture simulating the composition of the eye. Relative dose functions for /sup 125/I for these phantom media are fitted to second-degree polynomials. Agreement is found with published results. The relative dose function for /sup 60/Co at eye position in the water head phantom is fitted to a third-degree polynomial and compared with that for /sup 60/Co at the center of a large water sphere. A boundary effect due to the head phantom--air interface on the dose distribution for /sup 60/Co is demonstrated. The dose falloff with distance is faster for the eye geometry compared with the bulk geometry. We also show that the relative dose distributions within the tumor are comparable for /sup 125/I and /sup 60/Co by comparing their relativemore » dose functions. This result is consistent with the success of clinical trials of large melanoma treatments with /sup 125/I plaques.« less
<strong>Glucose controls glucagon secretion by regulating fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic alpha cells </strong> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Whole-body glucose homeostasis is coordinated through secretion of glucagon and insulin from pancreatic islets. When glucose is low, glucagon is released from α-cells to stimulate hepatic glucose production. However, the mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells remain unclear. Here we show that in α-cells the interaction between fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism controls glucagon secretion. The glucose dependent inhibition of glucagon secretion relies on pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a activity and lowering of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by increases in glucose. This results in reduced intracellular ATP and leads to membrane repolarisation and inhibition of glucagon secretion. These findings provide a new framework for the metabolic regulation of the α-cell, where regulation of fatty acid oxidation by glucose accounts for the stimulation and inhibition of glucagon secretion.&lt;/p&gt;
The problem of morphogenesis: unscripted biophysical control systems in plants (2013)

The relative simplicity of plant developmental systems, having evolved within the universal constraints imposed by the plant cell wall, may allow us to outline a consistent developmental narrative that is not currently possible in the animal kingdom. In this article, I discuss three aspects of the development of the mature form in plants, approaching them in terms of the role played by the biophysics and mechanics of the cell wall during growth. First, I discuss axis extension in terms of a loss of stability-based model of cell wall stress relaxation and I introduce the possibility that cell wall stress relaxation can be modeled as a binary switch. Second, I consider meristem shape and surface conformation as a controlling element in the morphogenetic circuitry of plant organogenesis at the apex. Third, I approach the issue of reproductive differentiation and propose that the multicellular sporangium, a universal feature of land plants, acts as a stress-mechanical lens, focusing growth-induced stresses to create a geometrically precise mechanical singularity that can serve as an inducing developmental signal triggering the initiation of reproductive differentiation. Lastly, I offer these three examples of biophysically integrated control processes as entry points into a narrative that provides an independent, nongenetic context for understanding the evolution of the apoplast and the morphogenetic ontogeny of multicellular land plants.
Age-related differences in negative cognitive empathy but similarities in positive affective empathy (2021)

Empathy, among other social-cognitive processes, changes across adulthood. More specifically, cognitive components of empathy (understanding another's perspective) appear to decline with age, while findings for affective empathy (sharing another's emotional state) are rather mixed. Structural and functional correlates underlying cognitive and affective empathy in aging and the extent to which valence affects empathic response in brain and behavior are not well understood yet. To fill these research gaps, younger and older adults completed a modified version of the Multifaceted Empathy Test, which measures both cognitive and affective empathy as well as empathic responding to both positive and negative stimuli (i.e., positive vs. negative empathy). Adopting a multimodal imaging approach and applying multivariate analysis, the study found that for cognitive empathy to negative emotions, regions of the salience network including the anterior insula and anterior cingulate were more involved in older than younger adults. For affective empathy to positive emotions, in contrast, younger and older adults recruited a similar brain network including main nodes of the default mode network. Additionally, increased structural microstructure (fractional anisotropy values) of the posterior cingulum bundle (right henisphere) was related to activation of default mode regions during affective empathy for positive emotions in both age groups. These findings provide novel insights into the functional networks subserving cognitive and affective empathy in younger and older adults and highlight the importance of considering valence in empathic response in aging research. Further this study, for the first time, underscores the role of the posterior cingulum bundle in higher-order social-cognitive processes such as empathy, specifically for positive emotions, in aging.
Temperature Dependent Remanence Loops of Ion-Milled Bit Patterned Media (2008)

Magnetic multilayered thin films with perpendicular anisotropy have been patterned into nanoscale islands by ion-milling with an oxygen-plasma patterned carbon hard mask. The islands have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to determine the switching field distribution and its origin. Larger islands exhibit coercivities of ~ 450 kA/m (5.6 kOe), but coercivity falls rapidly when island diameter falls below 40 nm. The switching field distribution becomes larger in absolute terms and as a fraction of the coercivity as island diameter falls. The origin of these effects is thought to be edge damage during ion milling and intrinsic defects (grain boundaries or dislocations) in the original magnetic thin film.
Computer Simulations of the Static Scattering from Model Polymer Blends (1997)

To understand the unusual composition and wave vector, q, dependent Flory interaction parameters, χ, obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS), we have calculated the three partial structure factors for symmetric binary polymer blends with relatively strong interactions between dissimilar monomers using molecular dynamics simulations. In agreement with past work we find that the radii of gyration of the chains are altered on blending. The following new results emerged from our simulations. The single-chain form factors in the blends follow Gaussian statistics at all distances larger than a monomer diameter, confirming the Flory−de Gennes conjecture that correlations in condensed polymer phases are screened over short length scales. The Rg's deduced from these form factors are in agreement with simulation-determined values and illustrate conclusively that the single chain term in the incompressible random-phase approximation (i-RPA) is altered on blending. The three partial structure factors obtained from the simulations, each of which follows an Ornstein−Zernike behavior, have different q dependences and extrapolate to different values in the thermodynamic limit. The different q dependences can be explained qualitatively by a compressible RPA formalism proposed by Tang and Freed. We then show that any form chosen to combine these partial structure factors into a single total scattering function will, in general, not have a q dependence that is describable by the incompressible RPA. This explains the experimentally observed q dependence of the χ parameter derived from the i-RPA. Finally, a thermodynamic analysis on the zero wave-vector limit of the partial structure factors shows that their absolute values are different from each other due to the effects of density fluctuations, as well as the different partial molar volumes of the two species in the blend. These results serve to emphasize the important role played by compressibility on the scattering obtained from simple polymer mixtures with large excess volumes on mixing.
Ripple Current Propagation in Bipole HVDC Cables and Applications to DC Grids (2014)

Offshore wind power is attracting increasing levels of research and investment. The use of HVDC transmission and the development of dc grids are topics with similar high levels of interest that go hand in hand with the development of large scale, far from shore wind farms. Technical challenges result from the interaction between power-electronic dc-dc converters and the cables in a dc transmission network. In particular, the propagation of the ripple current in bipole dc transmission cables, constructed with a lead sheath and steel armor, is examined in detail. The finite-element method is used to predict the currents induced in the outer layers of the cable by the ripple current. These results are used along with wave propagation theory to demonstrate that cable design plays a crucial role in the behavior of the dc system. Applications include the prediction of transmission losses, resonance, and high-voltage filter design.
Equilibrium Efficiency Improvement in MIMO Interference Systems: A Decentralized Stream Control Approach (2007)

We consider a multi-link MIMO interference system in which each link wishes to maximize its own mutual information by choosing its own signal vector, which leads to a multi-player game. We show the existence of a Nash equilibrium and obtain sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of equilibrium. We consider two decentralized link adjustment algorithms called best-response process (a.k.a. iterative water- filling) and gradient-play (an autonomous and non-cooperative version of the well-known gradient ascent algorithm). Under our uniqueness conditions, we establish the convergence of these algorithms to the unique equilibrium provided that the links use some inertia. To improve the efficiency of an equilibrium with respect to the total mutual information by imposing limits on the number of independent data streams, we present a stream control approach using linear transformation of the link covariance matrices. We then show how to decentralize our stream control approach by allowing the links to negotiate the limits on the number of independent data streams that they are willing to impose upon themselves. To achieve this, we introduce a variation of a learning algorithm called "adaptive play" that has desirable convergence properties in potential games with reduced computation.
Contralateral total hip arthroplasty or ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty in patients who have a long-standing fusion of the hip. (1989)

We studied the cases of twenty patients who had had an ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty or a contralateral total hip arthroplasty, or both, long after one hip had been fused in an acceptable position. Between 1972 and 1986, we performed twenty-one total joint arthroplasties (on thirteen hips and eight knees) and followed two additional patients (one hip and one knee) in whom the operation had been performed elsewhere. The average age of the patients at the time of arthroplasty was fifty-seven years (range, thirty-one to eighty-one years), and the average time from arthrodesis to arthroplasty was thirty-two years (range, eleven to fifty-four years). The results of eighteen of the twenty-three arthroplasties were evaluated at an average of seven years and nine months postoperatively. Four of the remaining five patients, who were followed for an average of eight years, died of a cause that was unrelated to the arthroplasty. After the hip arthroplasty, five hips were rated excellent; five, good; one, fair; and three, poor. Each hip that had a poor result was revised twice for mechanical loosening. Three hips for which the result was not considered poor had progressive radiolucency. After the knee arthroplasty, three knees were rated excellent; four, good; one, fair; and one, poor (because of infection). Seven knees were manipulated a total of fifteen times. Only one patient had progressive symptomatic radiolucency, nine years after the insertion of a posterior stabilized prosthesis. Clinically important ligamentous instability was not encountered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Urinary peptides in schizophrenia and depression (1985)

Abstract Increased levels of benzoic acid‐precipitable aromatic compounds and glycoprotein‐associated peptide material are found in the urines of patients with schizophrenic psychoses and endogenous depressions. Factors with regulatory effects on aminergic transmission have been found. A working hypothesis is proposed whereby genetically determined peptidase insufficiency interacts with increased peptide levels of either endogenous and/or exogenous origin to cause the psychotic state. These disorders are probably multifactorial syndromes, displaying changes in several factors with bioactive effects.
Microwave spectroscopy (1952)

The spectroscopist in the past has been a fortunate fellow. When he could no longer find something new to measure with his old spectrometer (or if he became bored with repeated use of the same old frequencies) he could always move on to a new place in the spectrum, provided of course that he could generate and detect radiation there. Until very recently there was a vast unexplored island in the electromagnetic spectrum, the region between the infrared waves and the conventional radio waves, now known as the microwave region
Structural and Interfacial Properties of Hyperbranched‐Linear Polymer Surfactant (2014)

With oleic acid grafting modification, a series of hyperbranched-linear polymer surfactants (HLPS) were prepared by hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP), which was gained through a step synthesis method using trimethylolpropane and AB<sub>2</sub> monomer. The AB<sub>2</sub> monomers were obtained through the Michael addition reaction of methyl acrylate and diethanol amine. The structures of HLPS were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which indicated that HBP was successfully modified by oleic acid. Furthermore, the properties of surface tension and critical micelle concentration of HLPS solution showed that HLPS can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. The morphology of the HLPS solution was characterised by dynamic light scattering, which revealed that HLPS exhibited a nonmonotonic appearance in particle size at different scattering angles owing to the different replaced linear portions. The relationships of the surface pressure to monolayer area and time were measured using the Langmuir-Blodgett instrument, which showed that the surface tension of monolayer molecules increased with the increasing of hydrophobic groups. In addition, the interface conditions of different replaced HLPS solutions were simulated.
Some thoughts about creating healthcare professionals that match what societies need (2011)

Healthcare is becoming increasingly complex across the globe; technology, delivery models, economic requirements, demographics and the epidemiology of disease are changing at a rapid pace. Despite the multiple efforts in defining common competencies and standards that all healthcare professionals should meet, it has become clear that educational and training programs have to adjust to the needs of societies they serve, and that the institutions that design and deliver those programs need to be accountable to society for the products they produce. Academic institutions that educate healthcare professionals will have to interact differently with the many stakeholders needed to create effective and efficient, and culturally appropriate healthcare systems. Present day medical education has its roots in the European university which traditionally valued academic freedom, autonomy and independent research over serving society and the job market; future efforts will require a fundamental shift in the outlook and measures of success for academic institutions. The recent outcomes and competency movement is a first step in that direction but more will need to be done. Rather than being one participant, possibly a reluctant one, academia should become the catalyst for change, the hub for stakeholder interactions, and the breeding ground for the new healthcare workforce.
Synthèses et évaluations biologiques d'analogues de substances naturelles (pyranodibenzofuranes à potentialité antituberculeuse et benzo[c]phénanthrolines cytotoxiques) (2003)

Les substances naturelles représentent une source importante de molécules d'intérêt thérapeutique. Leur grande diversité peut être exploitée en tant que telle mais ils peuvent aussi fournir de nouvelles têtes de série.C''st pourquoi notre travail a porté sur la synthèse de composés de séries pyranodibenzofurane et benzo[c]phénanthroline analogues de composés naturels. La première partie porte sur la synthèse de pyranodibenzofuranes comportant deux motifs d'origine naturelle, les dibenzofuranes rencontrés en particulier dans les lichens, et les 2,2-diméthyl-2H-benzopyranes ou chromènes, tous deux connus pour leurs propriétés antifongiques et antibactériennes. L'oléfine du pyrane constitue un site privilégié de fonctionnalisation des pyranodibenzofuranes et permet notamment de moduler la lipophilie. Dans ce contexte noua avons mis au point une méthode de synthèse très simple en une étape permettant l'accès aux pyranodibenzofuranes. Ainsi, à partie de 2-hydroxydibenzofurane commercial, nous avons procédé à la préparation de l'éther propargylique, qui par simple chauffage conduit aux composés pyraniques fusionnés linéaires et angulaires, par réarrangement de Claisen. Nous avons ensuite entrepris la synthèse d'un certain nombre d'esters des diols cis et trans correspondants. Une étude systématique de l'activité antibactérienne sur Mycobacterium smegmatis a incité à poursuivre l'évaluation biologique des composés les plus actifs sur Mycobactérium tuberculosis. La deuxième partie décrit la synthèse d'analogues d'alcaloïdes antitumoraux isolés de diverses rutaceae appartenant au genre Zanthoxylum de série benzo[c]phénanthridine, tels la nitidine et la fagaronine. Nos objectifs portaient sur l'étude de l'influence du remplacement du cycle A par un cycle pyridinique et de l'introduction de chaînes dialkyllaminoalkylamines en position 6. Nous avons qinsi synthétisé des dérivés de série benzo[c][1,7]phénantrolines et benzo [c][1,8]phénanthrolines diversement substituées selon deux approches. La première met en jeu la cyclisation d'un intermédiaire de type benzyne généré par une base forte et permet l'accès à cinq benzo[c][1,7] et [1,8]phénantrolines diversement substituées. La seconde approche procède par couplage de biaryles de type Heck d'halogéno(iso)quinoléinylbenzamides en présence de palladium. Nous avons ainsi prépéré quatre diéthylaminoéthylaminobenzo[c][1,7] et [1,8]phénanthrolines via des inermédiaires benzo[c]phénanthrolin-6-ones et 6-chlorobenzo[c]phénanthrolines. Une étude de la cytotoxicité sur cellules de leucémie murine L1210 a été réalisée, la spécificité de cycle a également été déterminée. L'activité sur les topoisomérases I et II a été étudiée pour les composés les plus actifs.