gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Modeling of the Benefit of Combining Polymer with Low Salinity Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2012)

Abstract It has long been recognized that there are synergies between EOR (enhanced oil recovery) techniques, as is the case between low salinity waterflooding and polymer flooding. While polymer flooding is a proven technology which improves waterflood recovery efficiency by increasing the water-oil viscosity ratio, low salinity EOR is an emerging technology which enhances the displacement efficiency by changing wettability. One would expect the combined EOR schemes to be at least additive because they target different things. For other reasons, the combination of these two technologies can expand their range of application. Polyacrylamide polymers widely used in chemical EOR hydrolyze at high temperatures and precipitate if calcium concentration is above 200 ppm. The use of low salinity EOR can make the use of polyacrylamide polymers feasible up to reservoir temperatures of at least 100°C or enable the use of polymers with larger degrees of hydrolysis. Polyacrylamide solution viscosity increases as salinity decreases so OPEX will reduce due to lower required polymer concentration. One third or less of polymer is required with low salinity waterflooding EOR compared to conventional water flooding. We demonstrate that addition of polymer enhances recovery efficiency and timing of low salinity waterflood. The incremental oil recovery between the homogeneous and heterogeneous cases is close, especially for more viscous oil. At high oil viscosity, combination of low salinity injection water and polymer gives incremental oil recovery about equal or better than the summation of each if used separately. We demonstrate that both secondary and tertiary combined processes are effective but secondary gives better timing. Synergistic behavior of combined processes is more effective in tertiary flood than the secondary cases. Chemical cost comparison of the cases studied shows that a 5-time reduction in chemical cost per barrel of oil recovered can be expected when polymer is added to low salinity. We show that operational constraints in field application can limit the synergy between these combined processes.
Ferrochelatase: a new iron sulfur centercontaining enzyme (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Identification, purification and characterization of ferrochelatase Steady-tate kinetic properties of ferrochelatase The -2Fe-2S- cluster of mammalian ferrochelatases The three-dimensional structure of Bacillus subtilis ferrochelatase Conclusions
One Pot Synthesis of Carbon/Ni Nanoparticle Monolithic Composites by Nanocasting and Their Catalytic Activity for 4-Nitrophenol Reduction (2006)

Background: There is considerable interest in using transition metal catalysts in place of rare and expensive precious metal catalysts in fixed bed catalysis. The use of hierarchically porous materials potentially provides a method of improving mass transport and decreasing sintering and metal particle growth that leads to decreased catalytic activity. Methods: Composites consisting of nickel nanoparticles incorporated in a hierarchically porous carbon monolith (NC/Ni), with varying Ni loading were synthesized by a one-pot, nanocasting pathway in which the carbon and nickel were produced in a single step, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption for surface area determination, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Catalysis of the reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) to p-aminophenol (p-AP) was carried out to evaluate the catalytic activity. Results: TEM and SEM images of the composites show well dispersed nanoparticles in the carbon matrix with small nanoparticles of about 4-12 nm located within the mesopores and larger nanoparticles (20-60 nm) located in the macropores. The nanoparticles were unevenly distributed on the mm scale within the monoliths. The surface area and the mesopore volume of the carbon decreased with increasing metal loading. XRD suggested the nanoparticles were metals at zero oxidation state but XPS showed the presence of Ni(OH)2. Raman spectra showed a significant increase in carbon ordering with increasing metal loading. The composites were found to be catalytically active for the reduction of p-NP and the intermediate p-quinoimine (p-QI) was identified by GC-MS. Conclusions: The one-pot nanocasting method is able to produce catalytically active hierarchically porous carbon monoliths incorporating nickel nanoparticles. However, the size and distribution of the nanoparticles is not yet well controlled.
Survival Rates of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung According to Histological Subtype and the Grade of Morphological Differentiation in Resected Cases (1979)

Postoperative survival rates in 393 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung were studied according to histological subtype, the grade of differentiation, clinical stage, size of tumor and the mode of operation.Regardless of histological subtypes better survival rates were achieved in the cases with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Stage I cases and curatively operated cases also showed good prognosis. There was no difference in post-operative survival rates between papillary type and tubular-cribriform type of adenocarcinoma, irrespective of the grade of morphological differentiation. This suggests the necessity of a new device for subtyping adenocarcinoma of the lung.Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C and 5 -fluorouracil was found to be the best postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in this study.
Phasenzustand, Struktur und mechanische Eigenschaften des gelartigen Systems Wasser ‐ Gelatine ‐ Dextran (1974)

Abstract State of Phase, Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Gelatinous System Water‐Gelatin‐Dextran. Increasing use of water‐protein‐polysaccharide systems as plasma replacing liquids and synthetical food has led to an examination of the thermodynamic compatibility of polymers in an aqueous medium. In the examination of the state of phase of the system water‐gelatin‐dextran self‐association of gelatin was shown to be the main reason for its incompatibility with dextran. At low dextran concentrations the gelatinous system is monophasic but it proceeds to a two‐phase state at higher concentration of dextran. The monophasic system shows lower, the two‐phase system a higher flexibility than the gelatin‐gel of the same concentration.
Sol-Gel Materials for WSUD Water Treatment Applications (2013)

ARC Linkage LP0777033 funded a two-year WSUD water treatment project, titled "Modifying and Improving Porous Sol-Gel Materials for Water Purification", supported by international research partners from the National University of Singapore, Public Utilities Board (Singapore), Deltares (Holland), and United Water (Australia). This research was undertaken by Dr Clarke's research laboratories (now at the University of South Australia) who employed silicon polymer chemistry and nanotechnology to develop a sol-gel material with the potential to offer water treatment at a very low energy. This research was supported by international and Australian commercial partners, along with Australian Government funds from the Australian Research Council (ARC), which provided a majority of the research funds for this work.
A Putative Zinc Finger Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vpsl8p, Affects Late Golgi Functions Required for Vacuolar Protein Sorting and Efficient α-Factor Prohormone Maturation (1991)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying vps18 mutations are defective in the sorting and transport of vacuolar enzymes. The precursor forms of these proteins are missorted and secreted from the mutant cells. Most vps18 mutants are temperature sensitive for growth and are defective in vacuole biogenesis; no structure resembling a normal vacuole is seen. A plasmid complementing the temperature-sensitive growth defect of strains carrying the vps18-4 allele was isolated from a centromere-based yeast genomic library. Integrative mapping experiments indicated that the 26-kb insert in this plasmid was derived from the VPS18 locus. A 4-kb minimal complementing fragment contains a single long open reading frame predicted to encode a 918-amino-acid hydrophilic protein. Comparison of the VPS18 sequence with the PEP3 sequence reported in the accompanying paper (R. A. Preston, H. F. Manolson, K. Becherer, E. Weidenhammer, D. Kirkpatrick, R. Wright, and E. W. Jones, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5801-5812, 1991) shows that the two genes are identical. Disruption of the VPS18/PEP3 gene (vps18 delta 1::TRP1) is not lethal but results in the same vacuolar protein sorting and growth defects exhibited by the original temperature-sensitive vps18 alleles. In addition, vps18 delta 1::TRP1 MAT alpha strains exhibit a defect in the Kex2p-dependent processing of the secreted pheromone alpha-factor. This finding suggests that vps18 mutations alter the function of a late Golgi compartment which contains Kex2p and in which vacuolar proteins are thought to be sorted from proteins destined for the cell surface. The Vps18p sequence contains a cysteine-rich, zinc finger-like motif at the COOH terminus. A mutant in which the first cysteine of this motif was changed to serine results in a temperature-conditional carboxypeptidase Y sorting defect shortly after a shift to nonpermissive conditions. We identified a similar cysteine-rich motif near the COOH terminus of another Vps protein, the Vps11/Pep5/End1 protein. Preston et al. (Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5801-5812, 1991) present evidence that the Vps18/Pep3 protein colocalizes with the Vps11/Pep5 protein to the cytosolic face of the vacuolar membrane. Together with the similar phenotypes exhibited by both vps11 and vps18 mutants, this finding suggests that they may function at a common step during vacuolar protein sorting and that the integrity of their zinc finger motifs may be required for this function.
LAMP2A overexpression in breast tumors promotes cancer cell survival via chaperone-mediated autophagy (2012)

Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A) is a key protein in the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. LAMP2A helps in lysosomal uptake of modified and oxidatively damaged proteins directly into the lumen of lysosomes for degradation and protein turnover. Elevated expression of LAMP2A was observed in breast tumor tissues of all patients under investigation, suggesting a survival mechanism via CMA and LAMP2A. Reduced expression of the CMA substrates, GAPDH and PKM, was observed in most of the breast tumor tissues when compared with the normal adjacent tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated oxidative stress damages regulatory cellular components such as DNA, proteins and/or lipids. Protein carbonyl content (PCC) is widely used as a measure of total protein oxidation in cells. Ectopic expression of LAMP2A reduces PCC and thereby promotes cell survival during oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of LAMP2A stimulates accumulation of GAPDH, AKT1 phosphorylation, generation of ROS, and induction of cellular apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Doxorubicin, which is a chemotherapeutic drug, often becomes ineffective against tumor cells with time due to chemotherapeutic resistance. Breast cancer cells deficient of LAMP2A demonstrate increased sensitivity to the drug. Thus, inhibiting CMA activity in breast tumor cells can be exploited as a potential therapeutic application in the treatment of breast cancer.
Pelvic surgery in a child with hemophilia C: a rare disease, a real challenge, a simple solution (2008)

SUMMARY Coagulation factor XI deficiency, also called hemophilia C, is the least common type of hemophilia in Norway. It differs from hemophilia A and B in its unpredictable clinical pattern. Patients often have no spontaneous bleeding tendency, but they can have serious and life‐threatening bleedings when suffering trauma or undergoing surgical procedures. We report the case of a child with a hitherto undiagnosed factor XI deficiency. She had previously experienced excessive bleeding and required transfusion of saline‐adenine‐glucose erythrocytes after minor surgery. The patient was planned to a major surgical procedure with partial pelvic resection (hemipelvectomy) because of an Ewing sarcoma. Routine preoperative coagulation tests showed a moderately elevated international normalized ratio and a substantially prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, which were due to a factor XI level at 0.2% of normal. Perioperative management of the patient was planned in collaboration with a coagulation specialist. In addition to replacement of erythrocytes, two different mechanisms were targeted for correcting the hemostatic defect. Substitution of factor XI was done by infusion of plasma, and inhibition of fibrinolysis was achieved by systemic and local administration of tranexamic acid. Surgery was then performed without excessive bleeding, and the patient did not require postoperative blood transfusions.
Regulation of HLA class I and II expression by interferons and influenza A virus in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1997)

HLA class I and II molecules play a central role in regulating host immune responses against microbial infections because they present foreign antigens to CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, respectively. Many cytokines, especially interferons (IFN), are known to upregulate human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II gene expression, but the kinetics, expression levels and viral regulation of HLA genes in primary human cells have not been well documented. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma resulted in a 1.5- to twofold increase in HLA class I and beta 2-microglobulin expression in lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes did not express any detectable HLA class II either basally or after IFN induction. In monocytes, instead, a high basal class II expression was found and it was further induced by IFN-alpha (up to twofold) and especially by IFN-gamma (up to fivefold). In granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) differentiated human macrophages, basal HLA class I and II protein expression levels were high but IFN-gamma stimulation was able to further enhance their expression. Accordingly, class I and II mRNA expression was elevated by IFN-gamma, whereas IFN-alpha practically had no effect on HLA class I mRNA levels. Influenza A virus infection of macrophages resulted in temporary increases in HLA class I, beta 2-microglobulin and class II antigen expression. Neutralization of virus-induced IFN production by antibodies against type I and II IFNs prevented the virus-induced upregulation of HLA antigens. At late times of infection, as analysed by steady-state mRNA expression, both HLA class I and II mRNA were strongly reduced. These results suggest that IFNs are important regulators of HLA genes and responsible for a temporary increase in HLA antigen expression during influenza A virus infection.
Corrigendum: the FMRFamide-like peptide family in nematodes (2015)

[This corrects the article on p. 90 in vol. 5, PMID: 24982652.].
Day-to-Day Variation of the Urine Protein : Creatinine Ratio in Female Dogs with Stable Glomerular Proteinuria Caused by X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy (2007)

These guidelines for interpretation of serial UPC values in female dogs with XLHN may also be helpful for interpretation of UPC values in dogs with other glomerulopathies.
Browsing through high quality document images with DjVu (2002)

Presents a new image compression technique called "DjVu" that is specifically geared towards the compression of high-resolution, high-quality images of scanned documents in color. With DjVu, any screen connected to the Internet can access and display images of scanned pages while faithfully reproducing the font, color, drawings, pictures and paper texture. A typical magazine page in color at 300 dpi can be compressed down to between 40 to 60 KBytes, approximately 5 to 10 times better than JPEG for a similar level of subjective quality. Black-and-white documents are typically 15 to 30 KBytes at 300 dpi, or 4 to 8 times better than CCITT-G4. A real-time, memory-efficient version of the decoder was implemented, and is available as a plug-in for popular Web browsers.
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of a Static Magnet to Relieve Dysmenorrhea (2005)

Despite the small number of participants, the level of significance reached in the reduction of pain merits reporting. This is a pilot study to a much larger study of the same device as an analgesic in women with primary dysmenorrhea.
Towards high precision manufacturing of 3D optical components using UV-curable hybrid polymers (2015)

Hybrid polymers have been already widely applied in photonic applications to manufacture microlenses or 2D and 3D waveguides. Thus, they are promising candidates to manufacture optical systems down to the chip level. A brief review on hybrid polymers consisting of both inorganic and organic functional units and thus combine superior material properties in just one material class will be given in this report. The material properties, which can be adjusted to the application in wide ranges enable to fabricate micro-optical elements (e.g. microlenses) using replication techniques such as UV-assisted replication or nano-imprint lithography. Aside of their applicability in 2D, emphasis will be in particular on the evaluation of hybrid polymer materials for two-photon absorption lithography, which is employed to directly manufacture sophisticated 3D photonic structures impossible to be generated with conventional 2D techniques.
ECG Signal Compression Based on Burrows-Wheeler Transformation and Inversion Ranks of Linear Prediction (2007)

Many transform-based compression techniques, such as Fourier, Walsh, Karhunen-Loeve (KL), wavelet, and discrete cosine transform (DCT), have been investigated and devised for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal compression. However, the recently introduced Burrows-Wheeler Transformation has not been completely investigated. In this paper, we investigate the lossless compression of ECG signals. We show that when compressing ECG signals, utilization of linear prediction, Burrows-Wheeler Transformation, and inversion ranks yield better compression gain in terms of weighted average bit per sample than recently proposed ECG-specific coders. Not only does our proposed technique yield better compression than ECG-specific compressors, it also has a major advantage: with a small modification, the proposed technique may be used as a universal coder.
Enhancement of Luminescence Lifetimes of Mononuclear Ruthenium(II)−Terpyridine Complexes by Manipulation of the σ-Donor Strength of Ligands (2003)

The synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand 2,2';6',2' '-terpyridine (tpy) ruthenium complexes with 2,6-bis([1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)pyridine, 2,6-bis(5-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)pyridine, and 2,6-bis([1,2,3,4]tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine are reported. The species are characterized by HPLC, 1H NMR, UV/vis, and emission spectroscopy. The photophysical properties of the complexes are investigated as a function of temperature over the range 80-320 K. The emission lifetime observed for the fully deprotonated compounds at room temperature is about 80 ns. This increase by 2 orders of magnitude with respect to the parent "[Ru(tpy)2](2+)" complex is rationalized by an increase in the energy of the metal based dsigma orbital, rather than by manipulation of the pi* orbitals on the ligands. The acid-base and electrochemical properties of the compounds are reported also.
Regioselective Transformations of 2′,3′‐Seconucleosides into Anhydro Structures and Chiral Crown Ethers (1992)

Abstract Intramolecular cyclisation of properly protected and activated derivatives of 2′,3′‐secouridine ( = 1‐{2‐hydroxy‐1‐[2‐hydroxy‐1‐(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]‐ethyl}uracil; 1 ) provided access to the 2,2′‐, 2,3′‐, 2,5′‐, 2′,5′‐, 3′,5′‐, and 2′,3′‐anhydro‐2′,3′‐secouridines 5, 16, 17, 26, 28 , and 31 , respectively ( Schemes 1–3 ). Reaction of 2′,5′‐anhydro‐3′‐ O ‐(methylsulfonyl)‐ ( 25 ) and 2′,3′‐anhydro‐5′‐ O ‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2′,3′‐secouridine ( 32 ) with CH 2 CI 2 in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene generated the N(3)‐methylene‐bridged bis‐uridine structure 37 and 36 , respectively ( Scheme 3 ). Novel chiral 18‐crown‐6 ethers 40 and 44 , containing a hydroxymethyl and a uracil‐1‐yl or adenin‐9‐yl as the pendant groups in a 1,3‐ cis relationship, were synthesized from 5′‐ O ‐(triphenylmethyl)‐2′,3′‐secouridine ( 2 ) and 5′‐ O , N 6 ‐bis(triphenylmethyl)‐2′,3′‐secoadenosine ( 41 ) on reaction with 3,6,9‐trioxaundecane‐1,11‐diyl bis(4‐toluenesulfonate) and detritylation of the thus obtained (triphenylmethoxy) methylcompound 39 and 43 , respectively ( Scheme 4 ).
The pump partnership that extends across the Pacific (2000)

In August 1995, at the National Hardware Show in Chicago, Ken Cheng of the Hung Pump Company, walked into the exhibition stand of the Zoeller Pump Company, and introduced himself to Alan Nachby. Neither imagined what th ultimate outcome of that first casual meeting would be - a radical approach to the design and construction of water pumps.
Operational characteristics of a prototype x-ray needle device (2000)

A prototype x-ray needle, which emits 62.5 kVp x-rays at the tip of a 20 cm long, 4 mm diameter steel needle, has been developed by Titan Pulse Sciences Incorporated (PSI) (Albuquerque, NM) and was tested for its suitability in brachytherapy applications in comparison with a similar device by the Photoelectron Corporation. The depth dose profiles were also compared with those of two common brachytherapy sources (125I and 192Ir). The depth dose characteristics of the radiation were comparable with the two brachytherapy sources with a slightly reduced attenuation gradient. The dose rate from the x-ray needle tip was relatively isotropic at the needle tip and was continuously adjustable over the range of 0 cGy min(-1) to upwards of 62 cGy min(-1) at a reference distance of 1 cm in air. We detected a significant proportion of x-rays generated along the needle shaft, and not at the needle tip, as intended. The energy spectrum emitted from this device had a peak intensity at 21 keV and an average energy of 28 keV. The beam was attenuated in both aluminium (the first half-value layer being less than 0.1 mm) and in water (50% dose at approximately 2 mm). These studies confirm that although there is potential for a system similar to this one for clinical applications, the simplistic electron guidance used in this particular prototype device limits it to research applications. Further optimization is required in focusing and steering the electron beam to the target, improving x-ray production efficiency and using x-ray target cooling to achieve higher dose rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalysis. Synthetic Applications to Biologically Active Compounds (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of a deep learning‐based patient‐specific target contour prediction model for markerless tumor positioning (2022)

Regarding the positioning accuracy and calculation efficiency, the presented procedure can provide a solution for markerless real-time tumor tracking for pancreatic cancer patients.