gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boron Trifluoride Promoted Addition of Organolithiums to Oxime Ethers. A Facile Synthesis of Substituted Hydroxylamines (1991)

In the presence of diethyl ether-boron trifluoride complex, organolithiums add to the carbon-nitrogen double bond of oxime O-ethers to give the corresponding O-alkylhydroxylamines. On acid treatment, O-methoxymethylhydroxylamines obtained were easily transformed to N-monosubstituted hydroxylamine hydrochlorides.
Differential effects of protease inhibitors on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors. (1983)

We describe herein two different effects of protease inhibitors and substrates on receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) obtained from the intestinal mucosa of vitamin D-deficient chicks: inhibition of binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to its receptor and stabilization of the receptor. Both L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a chymotrypsin inhibitor, and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), a trypsin inhibitor, block [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 binding to the receptor. Fifty per cent inhibition of binding occurs at 20 microM TPCK, and 100% inhibition at 100-200 microM; TLCK is about 25-fold less effective. At higher concentrations (10-100 mM), the chymotrypsin substrates N alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and tryptophan methyl ester and the cathepsin B inhibitor leupeptin also inhibit [3H] 1,25(OH)2D3 binding to its receptor. Different inhibitors and substrates interact with the receptor differently: TPCK (20 microM) and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (10 mM) are reversible, noncompetitive inhibitors, L-tryptophan methyl ester (20 mM) is a reversible competitive inhibitor, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (300 microM) shows no effect on [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 binding to its receptor. The most stable form of unoccupied 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors from chick intestinal mucosa was that obtained from a low salt chromatin preparation (t 1/2 = 6.0 h). The presence of KCl drastically decreased receptor stability (t 1/2 = 1.8 h); and the addition of 2.5 mM CaCl2 further reduced their stability. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and Trasylol inhibited the KCl-induced receptor instability, but did not prevent the additional instability in the presence of CaCl2. In summary, TPCK and TLCK exert direct effects on the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor molecule, independent of their protease inhibitor function. These compounds may prove useful as covalent affinity labels for the receptor. On the other hand, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and Trasylol stabilize 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors, probably via inhibition of KCl-activated nuclear protease(s). This receptor stabilization will be advantageous in receptor assays and/or purification procedures.
Optical Signal Processing and Stealth Transmission for Privacy (2015)

Optical encryption, key generation, and optical stealth transmission techniques for protecting the privacy of communication in optical networks are proposed and summarized. The signal processing methods based on fiber components provide ways to encrypt data and generate encryption keys at the speed of data transmission in optical fibers. Private and confidential communication is achieved without compromising the capacity and bandwidth of the optical network. Optical stealth transmission can hide the signal in plain sight. Because an eavesdropper can neither read the data nor detect the existence of the transmitted signal, optical stealth transmission provides a higher level of privacy. A hybrid system which includes both the public channels and stealth channels can effectively provide anonymous communication and defend against traffic analysis.
Fuel cell systems for mobile applications: a comparison of automotive and aeronautic system design (2011)

Pregnancy is associated with a number of physiologic changes in the body including hormonal, anatomical, and mechanical. These changes alter many physiologic functions including sleep. The literature suggests that a number of women develop changes in duration, pattern, and quality of sleep during pregnancy. In addition, these changes also pave the way for expression of sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome). Change in sleep and appearance of sleep disorders not only influence pregnant women, but also have negative influences on the fetus and outcomes of pregnancy. However, optimal management of these disorders may reverse adverse consequences. In this chapter, risk factors, clinical presentation, and management of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome during pregnancy are discussed in view of the available literature.
The acid-resistance pathways of Shigella flexneri 2457T (2007)

The stationary-phase acid-resistance pathways of Shigella flexneri 2457T have not previously been studied. The two acid-resistance systems, the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (GDAR) and the oxidative pathways, reported elsewhere for Escherichia coli and S. flexneri 3136, were both detected in S. flexneri 2457T. However, S. flexneri 2457T cells grown overnight under fermentative conditions and acid-shocked in minimal media in the absence of glutamate, an acid test often described as a negative control for both pathways, were capable of surviving acid challenge. It is possible that this resistance is due to the oxidative pathway operating in a non-glucose-repressible manner, or to a novel pathway present in S. flexneri 2457T. The construction of gadB and gadC mutants ruled out any contribution by the GDAR pathway, whilst further characterizing the GDAR properties of S. flexneri 2457T. Interestingly, study of the role of rpoS in the oxidative pathway and the unusual acid-resistance phenotype revealed that the frameshift present in the 2457T rpoS gene results in expression of a truncated RpoS protein, which may be reduced in activity and is not essential for the acid-resistance phenotype of S. flexneri 2457T.
Diffuse Verkehrsemissionen und Feinstaub-Immissionen / Non-exhaust traffic emissions and ambient air PMx concentrations (2006)

tragen an vielen Messstandorten einen entscheidenden Anteil dazu bei, dass der seit Januar 2005 gueltige PM10-Jahresgrenzwert und vor allem der Tagesgrenzwert ueberschritten werden. Verschiedene Forschungsprojekte haben sich in letzter Zeit mit dem Thema diffuse Verkehrsemissionen beschaeftigt, da sich gezeigt hat, dass diese aus Reifen-, Kupplungs-, Bremsbelag- und Strassenabrieb sowie Aufwirbelung stammenden im Vergleich zu den Auspuffemissionen einen nicht zu vernachlaessigenden Beitrag liefern. Detailliertere Kenntnisse zu den Einzelbeitraegen und den sie beeinflussenden Parametern fehlen zurzeit noch, sind jedoch im Hinblick auf moegliche Minderungsmassnahmen zur Reduzierung der Feinstaubbelastung dringend erforderlich. Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einiger Studien zur Charakterisierung dieser diffusen Emissionen vor. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Traffic emissions are important contributors to exceedences of the daily PM10 limit value at a number of measurement sites. Various research projects have recently concentrated on the diffusive emissions from as it turned out that these emissions stemming from tyre-, clutch-, brake pad- and street abrasion as well as resuspension are also important compared to tailpipe More detailed information with respect to the particular contributions and influencing parameters are however missing at the moment, but are of crucial importance especially regarding possible abatement strategies to reduce ambient air PMx concentrations. This article presents results of some studies dealing with the characterisation of these diffusive traffic emissions. (A) Beitrag zur Tagung Diffuse Emissionen der Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft im VDI und DIN, Duesseldorf, 20. September 2006.
Spectrum of Complex DNA Damages Depends on the Incident Radiation (2006)

Ionizing radiation induces bistranded clustered damages--two or more abasic sites, oxidized bases and strand breaks on opposite DNA strands within a few helical turns. Since clusters are refractory to repair and are potential sources of double-strand breaks (DSBs), they are potentially lethal and mutagenic. Although induction of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and isolated lesions has been studied extensively, little is known about the factors affecting induction of clusters other than DSBs. To determine whether the type of incident radiation could affect the yields or spectra of specific clusters, we irradiated genomic T7 DNA, a simple 40-kbp linear, blunt-ended molecule, with ion beams [iron (970 MeV/nucleon), carbon (293 MeV/nucleon), titanium (980 MeV/nucleon), silicon (586 MeV/nucleon), protons (1 GeV/nucleon)] or 100 kVp X rays and then quantified DSBs, Fpg-oxypurine clusters and Nfo-abasic clusters using gel electrophoresis, electronic imaging and number average length analysis. The yields (damages/Mbp Gy(-1)) of all damages decreased with increasing linear energy transfer (LET) of the radiation. The relative frequencies of DSBs compared to abasic and oxybase clusters were higher for the charged particles-including the high-energy, low-LET protons-than for the ionizing photons.
A divisive information theoretic feature clustering algorithm for text classification (2003)

High dimensionality of text can be a deterrent in applying complex learners such as Support Vector Machines to the task of text classification. Feature is a powerful alternative to feature selection for reducing the dimensionality of text data. In this paper we propose a new information-theoretic divisive algorithm for feature/word and apply it to text classification. Existing techniques for such distributional clustering of words are agglomerative in nature and result in (i) sub-optimal word clusters and (ii) high computational cost. In order to explicitly capture the optimality of word clusters in an information theoretic framework, we first derive a global criterion for feature clustering. We then present a fast, divisive algorithm that monotonically decreases this objective function value. We show that our algorithm minimizes the within-cluster Jensen-Shannon divergence while simultaneously maximizing the between-cluster Jensen-Shannon divergence. In comparison to the previously proposed agglomerative strategies our divisive algorithm is much faster and achieves comparable or higher classification accuracies. We further show that feature is an effective technique for building smaller class models in hierarchical classification. We present detailed experimental results using Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines on the 20Newsgroups data set and a 3-level hierarchy of HTML documents collected from the Open Directory project (www.dmoz.org).
Study on the preparation and drug release property of soybean selenoprotein/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogel (2018)

Abstract Soybean selenoprotein/carboxymethyl chitosan (SSP/CMCS) composite hydrogel obtained by the crosslinking of genipin was evaluated for caffeine release. The gelation process of the hydrogel was investigated by resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra and viscosity methods. The hydrogels presented a compact network structure, which was observed by positive fluorescence microscopy (PFM). The structural properties of the hydrogel were revealed by fluorescence and FT-IR. The swelling characteristic of the hydrogel and its application in the slow release of caffeine were also studied. These results indicate that there is obvious interaction between SSP and CMCS by the addition of genipin, and the CMCS/SSP solution experiences a significant sol-gel phase transition process upon polymerization. The swelling ratio and release of caffeine slow down obviously at pH 1.2. However, larger swelling and more drug release can be observed at pH 7.4. The experimental values of the empiric diffusional exponent show that the release profiles abide by the non-Fickian diffusion process under both investigated pH conditions. The hydrogel, which is pale transparent with light yellow color at room temperature, can be formulated to be a suitable carrier for site-specific drug delivery.
[A successful surgical case of atrial septal defect with congenital factor XI deficiency]. (1994)

We experienced a successful surgical case, who was a 16-year-old boy suffered from atrial septal defect with congenital factor XI deficiency. This disorder is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a defect of the intrinsic pathway of thrombin formation and a mild to moderate bleeding tendency, but it can result in severe bleeding in surgical procedures. Open heart surgery in this disorders is rare. Preoperatively we prepared 4000 cc of fresh frozen plasma, but operated without using it. It would appear that the possibility of open heart surgery with congenital factor XI deficiency suggest in this case.
CURA CLINICA NA LEISHMANIOSE CUTÂNEA DIFUSA (LCD) NO BRASIL (2009)

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is a rare form of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL), being scattered in some countries
in America and Africa. In our continent is caused by Leishmania complex (Leishmania mexicana, L. pifanoi and L.
amazonensis) transmitted in Brazil by the bite of Lutzomyia flaviscutellata mosquito. It is caracterized by multiple and
progressive cutaneous lesions in extensive segment of body surface. Chemoterapy produces only transitory remission,
frequent treatment failures are observed with reflect in absence of cure parameters. Objective: The aim of this study is to
describe the occurrence of clinical cure in 4(40%) patients of a total of 10 patients with DCL followed in the state of
Maranhao, Northeast of Brazil. Materials and Methods: There were analysed variables relationed to the time of disease,
type and distribution of the lesions, therapeutic schemes to which they were subjected and time of evolution of clinical cure.
Results: Differences were observed regarding the sex gender, when the male is predominating in the cured group and the
female thing in the not cured group. Other data concern the differences between the age of beginning of the disease and age
of inclusion in the study, which bigger average was observed in the group of cured patients. Hypotheses are discussed for the
clinical observed peculiarities, the specific registered treatments and factors with possible correlation to the occurrence of
cure. Conclusions: The authors emphasize the importance of future studies turned to the definition of cure in this way of
the TL, which clinical handling represents a great challenge for the medical practice.
Continuous Infusion of Low-Dose Urokinase in the Treatment of Central Venous Catheter Thrombosis in Infants and Children (1989)

Thrombotic occlusion is a frequent complication associated with the use of central venous catheters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a continuous infusion of low-dose urokinase (200 U/kg/h) in clearing catheters that had not cleared after two bolus doses of urokinase in a pediatric oncology population. Fifty-eight incidents of catheter-related occlusions (49 Hickman-type catheters/nine implantable ports) as documented by radiographic dye study occurred in 227 pediatric oncology patients with 254 central venous catheters during a 1-year period. Fourteen of 58 catheters failed to clear after two bolus instillations of urokinase (5,000 U and 10,000 U). Thirteen catheters were treated for 24 hours with urokinase, 200 U/kg/h, and one catheter with urokinase, 100 U/kg/h for 24 hours. Twelve catheters were used for study. Coagulation studies were monitored preinfusion, 12 hours into the infusion, and postinfusion. Patency was reestablished in 11/12 catheters (92%) with a mean infusion time of 28.7 hours. No coagulation abnormalities or clinical bleeding associated with the urokinase infusion occurred. Only one patient exhibited a prolonged partial thromboplastin time (greater than 150 seconds); this was associated with a heparin effect. These data indicate that low-dose urokinase may be a safe and effective means to clear occluded central venous catheters in children.
Isonitrile, XIV. Umsetzung von Isonitrilen mit Hydrazonen und Carbonsäuren (1963)

Abstract Acylhydrazone aliphatischer Aldehyde oder Ketone reagieren mit Isonitrilen und Carbonsäuren unter Bildung von α‐[ N.N′ ‐Diacyl‐hydrazino]‐carbonsäure‐amiden (VIa–s, VII). Analog entstehen aus Azinen α‐ N ‐Acyl‐[ N ‐ [ N ‐alkyliden‐amino]‐amino&gt;‐carbonsäureamide (VIIIa und b).
Visually evoked blood flow change in the trilaminar retinal vasculature using OCT capillary velocimetry (2023)

Here, we demonstrate the visual evoked blood flow change in trilaminar retinal vasculature in rodents using OCT capillary velocimetry. A custom-built spectral-domain optical coherence tomography operates on 800 nm region performed all the imaging. In-vivo measurements were conducted on dark-adapted Brown Norway rats. The retinal blood flow velocity was calculated using a modified dynamic light scattering (DLS) – OCT method. As a result, the blood flow velocity in arterioles, venules, and capillaries in the retinal vasculature can be resolved. Flicker stimulation triggered heterogeneous responses – reduced flow velocity in large vessels vs. increased flow velocity in capillaries.
Controlled Thiol‐Ene Functionalization of Polyferrocenylsilane‐block‐Polyvinylsiloxane Copolymers (2013)

A general route for the controlled functionalization of polyferrocenylsilane‐ block ‐polyvinylsiloxane copolymers, which should be transferable to other silicone‐based materials, is developed utilizing the photoinitiated thiol‐ene reaction. Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) 54 ‐ block ‐poly(methylvinylsiloxane) 510 (PFDMS 54 ‐ b ‐PMVS 510 ) is synthesized via sequential living anionic polymerization and quantitatively functionalized with a range of thiols, with the aim of tuning the solubility of the resulting materials for self‐assembly studies or incorporating more complex functionality for subsequent applications. When functionalization is attempted using a deficit of thiol, the photoinitiator 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone, used to accelerate the radical reaction, is found to cause significant cross‐linking of the polysiloxane chain. Reproducible percentage thiol‐ene functionalization of the polysiloxane block can be achieved by the use of PFDMS 53 ‐ b ‐PMVS 58 /PDMS 444 (PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane), prepared by the copolymerization of cyclic siloxane monomers, [Me(CHCH 2 )SiO] 3 and [Me 2 SiO] 3 , to tune the vinyl group incorporation pre‐functionalization. image
Manipulating thermal emission with spatially static fluctuating fields in arbitrarily shaped epsilon-near-zero bodies (2018)

The control and manipulation of thermal fields is a key scientific and technological challenge, usually addressed with nanophotonic structures with a carefully designed geometry. Here, we theoretically investigate a different strategy based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media. We demonstrate that thermal emission from ENZ bodies is characterized by the excitation of spatially static fluctuating fields, which can be resonantly enhanced with the addition of dielectric particles. The "spatially static" character of these temporally dynamic fields leads to enhanced spatial coherence on the surface of the body, resulting in directive thermal emission. By contrast with other approaches, this property is intrinsic to ENZ media and it is not tied to its geometry. This point is illustrated with effects such as geometry-invariant resonant emission, beamforming by boundary deformation, and independence with respect to the position of internal particles. We numerically investigate a practical implementation based on a silicon carbide body containing a germanium rod.
Theoretical model for glomerular filtration of charged solutes (1980)

Previous experimental studies have revealed that for a given molecular size, the glomerular capillary wall restricts the passage of polyanions more than that of neutral macromolecules, and restricts transport of the latter more than that of polycations. We have developed a theoretical model of this charge-selectivity based on the following principal assumptions: a) all ions (tracer macromolecule and univalent cations and anions) obey a modified Nernst-Planck flux expression, including terms for convection and size-selective retardation; b) the capillary wall has a homogeneous distribution of fixed negative charges; and c) Donnan equilibria exist at the surfaces of this "membrane." To allow specific application of the model we measured electrophoretic mobilities of narrow fractions of dextran sulfate (DS) and diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE), and used these to estimate effective molecular charge as a function of molecular size. Based on these measurements and fractional clearance data for DS and DEAE reported previously for the normal Munich-Wistar rat, the capillary wall has an apparent fixed charge concentration of 120--170 meq/liter. The effects of this membrane charge on the filtration of water and on the transcapillary electrical potential difference are also discussed.
Comparison of bond strength by plasma-xenon arc curing system in relation to L.E.D and conventional light curing system for orthodontic attachments: An in-vitro study (2012)

Aim : The study was aimed to evaluate efficacy of plasma arc curing light in reducing curing time as claimed by manufacturer, without compromising bond strength and compare it with LED and Tungsten Halogen Light (conventional light cure) at different curing times.
 Methods : One hundred and twenty human premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment purpose were taken and divided into three groups: group 1(conventional cure, 45 teeth), group 2(LED, 30 teeth) and group 3(plasma arc, 45 teeth). The groups were further subdivided into subgroups of 15 samples each for different curing periods.The shear bond strength was tested on a universal testing machine.
 Results : Shear bond strength for the three groups were; Group 1A(conventional cure 20sec):7.71MPa, Group 1B (conventional cure 40sec):12.56MPa,Group 1C(conventional cure 60sec):13.20MPa ,Group 2A(LED 20sec):12.27MPa ,Group 2B(LED 30 sec):14.90MPa ,Group 3A(plasma arc 4sec):9.39MPa, Group 3B(plasma arc 6 sec): 13.11 MPa, Group 3C(plasma arc 10sec):16.7 MPa. The total exposure time required by different curing systems was evaluated. Analyses of variance indicated no significant difference in intra group or inter group values. Student ttest were performed to evaluate the difference in the means of different subgroup.Z test was done to check the difference in the total exposure times of different light curing units. The mean shear bond strengths of different subgroups were more than the minimal required bond strength.
 Conclusion : plasma arc curing system saved a significant amount of time without compromising on bond strength.