gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tail Behavior of Shot Noise Processes (1996)

We discuss the different ways heavy tails can arise in shot noise models and possible applications of the latter to financial modeling. 1 Introduction A shot noise process is a stochastic process of the form X(t) = X T i t R i (t \\Gamma T i ); t 2 R; (1:1) where T i &amp;apos;s are the points of a point process, fN(A); A a Borel setg, and fR i (t); t 0g; i = 1; 2; : : : is a sequence of i.i.d. measurable stochastic processes, independent of the point process. Regarding X(t) as describing the state of a certain system at time t, there is a very natural interpretation of a model given by (1.1). Think of T i &amp;apos;s being the instances of time a &amp;quot;shock&amp;quot; arrives at the system. The effect of the shock at the system is a dynamic and random process. That is, h units of time later, at time T i + h this effect is equal to R i (h). The total state of the system at time t is then the sum of the effects of all shocks occurring up to that time. The stochastic processes fR i (t); t 0g; i = 1; 2; : : : are...
Alias-Suppressed Oscillators Based on Differentiated (2010)

An efficient approach to the generation of classical synthesizer waveforms with reduced aliasing is proposed. This paper introduces two new classes of polynomial waveforms that can be differentiated one or more times to obtain an improved version of the sampled sawtooth and triangular signals. The differentiated polynomial waveforms (DPW) extend the previous differentiated parabolic wave method to higher polynomial or- ders, providing improved alias-suppression. Suitable polynomials of order higher than two can be derived either by analytically integrating a previous lower order polynomial or by solving the polynomial coefficients directly from a set of equations based on constraints. We also show how rectangular waveforms can be easily produced by differentiating a triangular signal. Bandlimited impulse trains can be obtained by differentiating the sawtooth or the rectangular signal. An objective evaluation using masking and hearing threshold models shows that a fourth-order DPW method is perceptually alias-free over the whole register of the grand piano. The proposed methods are applicable in digital implementations of subtractive sound synthesis.
A slowly inactivating potassium current truncates spike activity in ganglion cells of the tiger salamander retina (1988)

Voltage-gated ganglion cell membrane currents were studied under whole-cell patch clamp in isolation and in retinal slices. The cells were identified by (1) backfilling their axons with rhodamine and later identifying them by their fluorescence in the slice or the mix of isolated cells or (2) by filling them with Lucifer yellow during recording in retinal slices. Both methods yielded cells with similar currents. In some cases, isolated cells lacked processes yet showed currents similar to other cells, suggesting that voltage-gated currents in all cells were located primarily at the soma. Both a conventional inactivating sodium current and a sustained calcium current were found. We describe 3 inactivating outward currents, ordered in their rate of inactivation. The fastest current resembled IA reported by Connor and Stevens (1971a, b). A slower current labeled IB inactivated with a time constant of 339 msec at 0 mV. The current with slowest inactivation is labeled IC here, inactivating with a time constant of 4.03 sec at 0 mV. An additional outward current was sustained and calcium dependent labeled IK(Ca). IB was the largest of these currents. It was slower than IA, was not blocked by 4AP, and inactivated over a much more positive potential range. IB appears to play an important role in spike generation, different from that of IA: Its inactivation leads to a slow depolarizing shift of the membrane during a current step, truncating spike activity after about 300-700 msec as the membrane potential enters the region of sodium inactivation. We analyze how the inactivating outward current acts to ensure a graded spiking response and to truncate the spiking output in the presence of large excitatory inputs.
Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy studies of ion transport in anodic oxides of Al/GaAs (1989)

Anodic oxidation of thin Al films on GaAs beyond the exhaustion point is shown to induce substrate GaAs migration into and through the Al oxide layer. Continued anodization results in a triple-layer structure composed of a surface GaAs oxide layer superimposed on top of a mixed Al oxide layer on a substrate GaAs oxide layer. The thicknesses and composition of these Al/GaAs composite oxides are measured using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and are related to the specific final anodic voltages. The results show that, upon completion of the anodization of the Al layer, the Ga and or As ions drift under the action of the anodic field through the Al oxide. Eventually a new oxide is formed at the GaAs/oxide interface and also at the electrolyte/oxide interface in the ratio of 64:36.
2002 Presidential Address (2002)

Dear Friends and Colleagues,

This May, we celebrated the 40th anniversary of the first ASNR meeting, which was held in New York City in 1962. In that year, John Kennedy was President, the Cold War was in full swing, the Beatles were arriving on the U.S. scene, and the first CT scan of the brain was
miR-30 Family: A Promising Regulator in Development and Disease (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate posttranscriptional expression of target genes. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that the miR-30 family, as a member of microRNAs, played a crucial regulating role in the development of tissues and organs and the pathogenesis of clinical diseases, which indicated that it may be a promising regulator in development and disease. This review aims to clarify the current progress on the regulating role of miR-30 family in tissues and organs development and related disease and highlight their research prospective in the future.
Coupling of organic halides electrocatalyzed by the NiII/NiI/Ni0–PPh3system. A mechanistic study based on an electroanalytical approach (1981)

The coupling of the organic halides bromobenzene, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodo-2,2-dimethylpropane, and benzyl chloride has been carried out by electrochemically generating and continuously recycling the nickel(0) complex promoter [Ni(PPh3)4]. This species undergoes oxidative addition by organic halides leading to σ-bonded organometallic nickel(II) derivatives. In these complexes the metal–carbon bond can be cleaved either by a straightforward thermal decomposition or by a cathodic reduction, depending upon whether the co-ordinated organic group is an alkyl or an aryl one. In the former case a high yield of the coupling product is obtained only by employing organic halides not bearing hydrogen atoms in the β position; when a β-elimination reaction can occur, the yield of the coupling product is, on the contrary, very low and can be significantly improved only by carrying out the reductive process at more negative potentials, at which a proposed nickel hydride intermediate can be reduced. When the co-ordinated organic group is an aryl one, reductive elimination of the organic group does not occur by the thermal decomposition and the coupling product can be formed only by means of a cathodic reduction of the relevant organometallic nickel(II) derivative. An overall mechanism is proposed which is consistent with the data.
Design of NK‐2‐derived peptides with improved activity against equine sarcoid cells (2013)

Equine sarcoid is a topically accessible model for the evaluation of anticancer peptides acting by physical membrane disruption avoiding the complexity of a systemic application. We aim at evaluating and improving natural peptides for host defence as lead structures, where we focus on the cationic and amphipathic peptide NK-2. Cytotoxicity tests, fluorescence microscopy and a chip-based biosensor, which enabled real-time monitoring of cell metabolism, were applied. Cancer cell killing was dynamic with an initial phase of increased cellular respiration, followed by membrane destruction. NK-2 was substantially improved and shortened. Novel peptides exhibited a fivefold improved activity against sarcoid cells, while haemolysis remained almost unaltered. Similar Zeta potential and similar amount of surface phosphatidylserine of sarcoid and normal skin cells are responsible for a lack of selectivity between these two cell types.
Light-Addressed Stimulation Under $\hbox{Ca}^{\bf 2+}$ Imaging of Cultured Neurons (2009)

Light addressing is an emerging and sophisticated technique that can induce pinpoint and/or patterned neuronal activation in cultured neurons. We previously developed a light-addressable electrode using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), which was sandwiched between a tin oxide (SnO(2)) substrate and a passivation layer of zinc antimonate (ZnOSb(2)O(5)) dispersed epoxy. This research developed an experimental system that simultaneously implemented light-addressed stimulation and Ca(2+) imaging of neuronal activities. The translucent and thin laminated structure of our electrode permitted optical accesses from two directions: Ca(2+) imaging from above and light addressing from beneath. The submillisecond bright/dark switching property of our electrode offered light-addressed stimulation without causing interference with Ca(2+) imaging. To provide patterned illumination for light addressing, a digital micromirror device was installed in the system as an active photomask. The system could induce pinpoint neuronal activation at a cellular level.
Development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of bupropion, quetiapine and escitalopram in human plasma (2015)

This article was published in volume 29, issue 4, April 2015 of Biomedical Chromatography (DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3322). Subsequent to the publication, an affiliation has been added to one of the authors. A. M. Abd El-Aty should be affiliated to the following institute: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN METALLACYCLOBUTENES. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM A METAL‐METHYLENE‐ACETYLENE ADDUCT FORM (1981)

Abstract Die C 2 (SiMe 3 ) 2 ‐Einheit im Komplex (IIIb) ist durch Acety len, Olefin oder AlCl‐Reagenzien substituierbar, während (IIIa) gegenüber derartigen Substitutionen inert ist.
Multimode Fibers for Cost-Effective High-Speed, Short-Range Networks (2012)

This paper reviews the recent progress on the key features of multimode fibers that are the modal bandwidth, the chromatic dispersion compensation and the adaptability to harsh environments through macro-bending and radiation resistances.
The physiology of external cardiac massage: high-impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (1984)

In intact chronically instrumented dogs, left ventricular dynamics were studied during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Electromagnetic flow probes measured cardiac output and coronary blood flow, ultrasonic transducers measured cardiac dimensions, and micromanometers measured left ventricular, right ventricular, aortic, and intrathoracic pressures. The dogs were anesthetized with morphine, intubated, and fibrillated by rapid ventricular pacing. Data were obtained during manual external massage with dogs in the lateral and supine positions. Force of compression was varied from a peak intrathoracic pressure of 10 to 30 mm Hg, and compression rate was varied from 60 to 150/min. Increasing force of compression increased stroke volume up to a peak intrathoracic pressure of approximately 20 mm Hg, beyond which stroke volume remained constant or declined. Stroke volume appeared to result primarily from direct transmission of manual compression force to the heart rather than from positive intrathoracic press...
[Importance of the structure of the clot in thrombolysis]. (1987)

Activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tpA) is potentiated by fibrin. We have demonstrated the role of fibrin polymerization in the potentiating effect of tpA-induced fibrinolysis. Therefore a pathogenic mechanism of thrombotic disorder may be related to an abnormal fibrin polymerization: the abnormal clot being less accessible to fibrinolysis than normal one. This defective lysis may be due to a defective enhancement by the abnormal fibrin of plasminogen activation by tpA, as demonstrated for fibrinogen Dusard, a congenital dysfibrinogenemia associated with a very severe thrombotic disorder. In some other cases, a decrease in the availability of the plasmin cleavage sites in fibrin clot may be involved. On the contrary, some antithrombotic drugs such as pentosane polysulfate in modifying clot structure allow a better degradation of fibrin clot by fibrinolytic enzymes. It is speculated that this enhanced fibrinolysis could explain, almost in part, the antithrombotic action of these drugs.
Fatigue Life Variability Prediction Based on Crack Forming Inclusions in a High Strength Alloy Steel (2004)

Fatigue cracks in metals have been observed to form at nonmetallic inclusions in the matrix of the material, with the size of such features influencing fatigue life. A probabilistic method was used to predict the variability of fatigue life in quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel. Crack growth analyses, presented as cumulative distribution functions of probability of failure, were made at two stress levels by growing inclusion size fracture mechanics flaws using an existing linear elastic fracture mechanics crack growth model. Initial flaw sizes were obtained from two separate distributions: one representing the overall inclusion population, and the other a subdistribution representing crack forming inclusions. In general, analyses correlated well with experimental lives, typically being within 25%. The two initial flaw size distributions produced similar results; however, predictions based on the total inclusion distribution were heavily dependent on the threshold value. With the appropriate value of crack growth threshold, good correlation with variability can be made without requiring fatigue testing, particularly for the more critical shorter lives.
Homomorphic analysis of speech (1968)

Classes of systems which satisfy a generalized principle of superposition have been previously proposed and termed "homomorphic systems," emphasizing their interpretation as homomorphic (i.e., algebraically linear) transformations. One such class appears suited to the separation of signals that have been convolved. In this paper, an approach to deconvolution of speech, based on these ideas, is discussed.
ABRASION AND IMPACT RESISTANCE INVESTIGATION OF CRUMBED RUBBER CONCRETE (CRC) (2014)

Large volumes of rubber tyres are disposed of annually and only a small quantity are recycled. This paper examines the abrasion and impact resistance of crumbed rubber concrete (CRC), which uses crumbed rubber from used tyres as a partial replacement for the fine aggregate. Furthermore styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) latex was added to some of the crumb rubber mixes to gauge its effect. Laboratory tests focused on the slump, compression strength, abrasion and impact resistance of traditional concrete, rubberized concrete with rubber content of 10% and 20% and SBR modified rubberized concrete. A comparison of the experimental results for the abrasion resistance and impact resistance of traditional concrete, rubberized concrete and rubberized concrete with SBR latex was conducted. Test results indicated that although rubberized concrete had slightly lower compression strength than traditional concrete it is still possible to produce rubberized concrete with satisfactory strength using good concrete mix design and appropriate rubber content. Results also showed that CRC has better impact and abrasion resistance than traditional concrete.
An 8b 500MHz ADC (1991)

A flash converter is the most popular way to achieve very fast analog-to-digital conversion. In the past, sampling-rate and input-frequency limits on silicon monolithic 8b converters have been 400MHz. This ADC achieves 500MHz conversion by using a double poly-silicon-emitter self-aligned process with 0.6μm emitter width, and 10GHz f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">τ</sub> , About 22,000 elements are integrated on a 4051x4.62mm chip using double-layer metal.
The coherent population trapping passive frequency standard (2003)

Coherent population trapping in alkali atoms has opened a new avenue in the implementation of atomic frequency standards having promising characteristics for field use. The paper reviews the state of the art in this subject and describes recent results obtained in the case of a passive Rb standard implemented using such an approach.
Nucleolar localization of the nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase is not required for malignant transformation. (1998)

The (2;5)(p23;q35) lymphoma-associated chromosomal translocation creates a novel fusion gene that incorporates parts of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase and nucleophosmin genes. We report here that the product of this fusion gene accumulates within the nucleoli of neoplastic cells, and that previous reports of a predominantly cytoplasmic localization for the protein represent a tissue-processing artifact. However, nucleolar accumulation of nucleophosmin-ALK may not be necessary for its oncogenic action, because an ALK protein expressed in a lymphoma carrying a variant (1;2) chromosomal translocation did not accumulate in nucleoli. Furthermore, an engineered hybrid TPR-ALK protein can transform rodent fibroblasts and produce lymphomas in mice while remaining confined to the cytoplasm. We propose that the transforming action of ALK may not be reliant on its nucleolar localization, a hypothesis that may have implications for studies of other proteins involved in oncogenesis that are relocalized after the creation of fusion genes.
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones by Transfer Hydrogenation with 1,4-Butanediol (2007)

1,4-Butanediol has been used as the hydrogen donor in transfer hydrogenation reactions. The equilibrium is driven by the formation of gamma-butyrolactone, and the diol is therefore not required in excess.
The involvement of the opioidergic system in the antinociceptive mechanism of action of antidepressant compounds (1998)

1. Debate exists as to the nature of antidepressant-induced antinociception. It is unclear whether antidepressants are inherently antinociceptive, are able to potentiate opioid antinociception or both. We have used the acetic acid induced abdominal constriction assay in mice to investigate antidepressant-induced antinociception. 2. All the antidepressants tested (s.c.) produced dose-dependent protection against acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction. Similarly, morphine and aspirin were also effective antinociceptive agents in this nociceptive assay. 3. Opioid antagonists, naloxone (0.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and naltrindole (1 mg kg(-1), s.c.), shifted the dose-response relationships to the right for each of the antidepressant agents (dothiepin, amitriptyline, sibutramine, (+)-oxaprotiline and paroxetine). In this context the naloxone dose-ratios were 1.95, 3.90, 2.32, 4.50 and 2.65, with naltrindole dose-ratios of 4.36, 17.00, 4.28, 11.48 and 2.65 were obtained, respectively. Naloxone also shifted the morphine dose-response relationship to the right, by a factor of 2.62, whilst naltrindole had no effect upon morphine antinociception. Aspirin antinociception remained unaffected by both opioid antagonists. 4. The enkephalin catabolism inhibitor acetorphan, by itself, produced no activity in this test at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1) (s.c.). However, at higher doses, acetorphan produced a linear dose-response relationship against acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction. 5. When acetorphan was administered before either the antidepressants or morphine, there was a clear potentiation of the antidepressant- or morphine-induced antinociception. However, acetorphan had no effect on aspirin antinociception. 6. Since neither of the opioid antagonists were able to attenuate, nor was acetorphan able to potentiate, aspirin antinociception, we concluded that the mechanism of antidepressant-induced antinociception is different from that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 7. These data are consistent with the view that antidepressants may induce endogenous opioid peptide release, as shown by the acetorphan study. In this context, the ability of naltrindole to displace the antidepressant dose-response relationship to the right without affecting morphine antinociception, implicates the delta-opioid receptor and endogenous opioid peptides in antidepressant-induced antinociception.
Optimization of Drilling Process Parameters during the Drilling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Carbide Drill bit (2018)

and tool used is carbide type drill. Optimisation of the values is done using Integrated PCA-Taguchi method.
Synthesis of Mono‐ and Sesquiterpenoids, XXV. Synthesis of (6R*,7R*)‐7‐Hydroxy‐6,11‐cyclofarnes‐3(15)‐en‐2‐one, the Racemate of the Antibacterial Sesquiterpene from Premna oligotricha, and Its (6R*,7S*) Isomer (1996)

Abstract The structure of the antibacterial sesquiterpene from Premna oligotricha was shown to be not 1 but 2 (relative stereochemistry) by the unambiguous synthesis of both (±)‐ 1 and (±)‐ 2 .
[A case of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula beneath the surface of the lung]. (1998)

A 19-year-old woman complaining of exertional dyspnea was admitted to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on the left side of the chest. Laboratory examination revealed polycythemia and hypoxemia. Pulmonary angiogram demonstrated a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula beneath the surface of the left S10. Partial resection of the left S10 was performed. The wall of the arteriovenous fistula was flimsy and seemed to rupture easily. The sister of this patient also had a peripheral pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and suffered from repeating epistaxis. Rendu-Osler-Weber disease was diagnosed in both, and the sister underwent partial resection of the right S7, which contained the fistula. Their postoperative courses were uneventful. Hemothorax and hemoptysis are lethal complications of arteriovenous fistulae. In order to avoid the rupture of fistulae, surgical resection is the most reliable treatment. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae beneath the surface of the lung should be resected.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Delivery of Therapeutics Targeting the mRNA-Binding Protein HuR Using 3DNA Nanocarriers Suppresses Ovarian Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. S1. Location of HuR (human) inhibitory oligonucleotides.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 3 from Rb Depletion Results in Deregulation of E-Cadherin and Induction of Cellular Phenotypic Changes that Are Characteristic of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Rb Depletion Results in Deregulation of E-Cadherin and Induction of Cellular Phenotypic Changes that Are Characteristic of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
V-groove plasmonic waveguides fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (2007)

Propagation of channel plasmon-polariton modes in the bottom of a metal V groove has been recently demonstrated. It provides a unique way of manipulating light at nanometer length scale. In this work, we present a method based on nanoimprint lithography that allows parallel fabrication of integrated optical devices composed of metal V grooves. This method represents an improvement with respect to previous works, where the V grooves were fabricated by direct milling of the metal, in terms of robustness and throughput.