gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract CN07-02: Obesity, inflammation, and breast cancer (2015)

Abstract Obesity is a risk factor for the development of several malignancies including hormone receptor–positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women and has been associated with an increased risk of recurrence and reduced survival. Chronic inflammation increases the risk of multiple tumor types. A link between obesity, breast inflammation and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer was previously unknown. Obesity causes subclinical inflammation in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue, characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures (CLS). Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by aromatase, which is encoded by CYP19. We found increased numbers of CLS, activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor, increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and elevated aromatase levels in the mammary glands of obese mice. These preclinical findings raised the possibility that the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis is important for breast carcinogenesis. Importantly, these findings have now been translated to women. Breast tissue was obtained from women who underwent surgery. CLS of the breast (CLS-B) were found in approximately 50% of patient samples. The severity of breast inflammation correlated with both body mass index and adipocyte size. Menopause is an independent determinant of CLS-B. Consistent with our preclinical findings, increased NF-κB binding activity, increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and elevated aromatase expression and activity were found in the inflamed breast tissue of overweight and obese women. Collectively, our results suggest that the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis is present in the breast tissue of most overweight and obese women and is likely to contribute to the increased risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The discovery of the connection between obesity, breast inflammation and changes in the expression of genes linked to breast cancer provides a mechanistic rationale for the development of behavioral, dietary and pharmacological strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Non-invasive biomarkers of adipose inflammation are needed to both identify at-risk individuals and monitor the efficacy of interventions aimed at attenuating inflamed adipose tissue. Recent progress in the development of blood biomarkers of breast adipose inflammation will be reviewed. Citation Format: Andrew J. Dannenberg. Obesity, inflammation, and breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr CN07-02.
Painful oral and genital ulcers (2010)

Conflict of interest: none declared. A 32‐year‐old woman presented with a 6‐month history of painful oral (Fig. 1a) and genital ulcers (Fig. 1b). The patient had no associated systemic symptoms and was otherwise healthy. She was not receiving any drug therapy. The patient’s husband had no history of oral or genital lesions, and the patient denied any extramarital sexual activity. ... On physical examination, granulomatous plaques involving the oral cavity, labia minora and majora, and vagina were found. Some plaques were ulcerated and bled easily. The lesions were associated with gingival perforation, loose teeth and loss of two teeth. There was no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly, and the rest of the physical examination was normal. A skin biopsy was taken from a vulvar ulcer and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. On histopathological examination, an ulcerated epidermis with a dense dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate rich in histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils was seen (Fig. 2a). Staining for CD1a (Fig. 2b) and S‐100 was positive in the histiocytic infiltrate.
CD82 and Gangliosides Tune CD81 Membrane Behavior (2021)

Tetraspanins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form a network of protein-protein interactions within the plasma membrane. Within this network, tetraspanin are thought to control the lateral segregation of their partners at the plasma membrane through mechanisms involving specific lipids. Here, we used a single molecule tracking approach to study the membrane behavior of tetraspanins in mammary epithelial cells and demonstrate that despite a common overall behavior, each tetraspanin (CD9, CD81 and CD82) has a specific signature in terms of dynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tetraspanin dynamics on the cell surface are dependent on gangliosides. More specifically, we found that CD82 expression increases the dynamics of CD81 and alters its localization at the plasma membrane, this has no effect on the behavior of CD9. Our results provide new information on the ability of CD82 and gangliosides to differentially modulate the dynamics and organization of tetraspanins at the plasma membrane and highlight that its lipid and protein composition is involved in the dynamical architecture of the tetraspanin web. We predict that CD82 may act as a regulator of the lateral segregation of specific tetraspanins at the plasma membrane while gangliosides could play a crucial role in establishing tetraspanin-enriched areas.
COptiDICE: Offline Constrained Reinforcement Learning via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation (2022)

We consider the offline constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problem, in which the agent aims to compute a policy that maximizes expected return while satisfying given cost constraints, learning only from a pre-collected dataset. This problem setting is appealing in many real-world scenarios, where direct interaction with the environment is costly or risky, and where the resulting policy should comply with safety constraints. However, it is challenging to compute a policy that guarantees satisfying the cost constraints in the offline RL setting, since the off-policy evaluation inherently has an estimation error. In this paper, we present an offline constrained RL algorithm that optimizes the policy in the space of the stationary distribution. Our algorithm, COptiDICE, directly estimates the stationary distribution corrections of the optimal policy with respect to returns, while constraining the cost upper bound, with the goal of yielding a cost-conservative policy for actual constraint satisfaction. Experimental results show that COptiDICE attains better policies in terms of constraint satisfaction and return-maximization, outperforming baseline algorithms.
Bean Pod-Inspired Ultrasensitive and Self-Healing Pressure Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene and Polystyrene Microsphere Sandwiched Structure (2020)

Flexible pressure sensors are currently at the center stage of wearable electronics. Despite tremendous progress in the recent years, flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, high stability, and mechanical robustness are still challenging. In this paper, as inspired by the bean pod structure, a sensor architecture consisting a microspacer core layer of polystyrene (PS) microspheres, sandwiched between two laser-induced graphene/polyurethane (LIG/PU) films, is presented. A flexible and self-healable pressure sensor is prepared, achieving ultrahigh sensitivity, improved linearity, wide sensing range up to 100 kPa, and excellent stability (for over 1000 loading-unloading cycles). Specifically, the pressure sensor achieves high sensitivities of 149, 659, and 2048 kPa<sup>-1</sup> for the pressure ranges of 0-1, 1-10, and 10-100 kPa, respectively. Upon three cut-heal cycles at room temperature, severely damaged devices are self-healed and are able to maintain high sensitivity. The sensors have been further verified in stringent applications, such as human arterial pulse monitoring and gait detection. The novel device architecture enabling facile fabrication and high performance paves the way to the scalable production of pressure sensors for human physiological diagnostics and other advanced wearable applications.
Large protein organelles form a new iron sequestration system with high storage capacity (2019)

Iron storage proteins are essential for cellular iron homeostasis and redox balance. Ferritin proteins are the major storage units for bioavailable forms of iron. Some organisms lack ferritins, and it is not known how they store iron. Encapsulins, a class of protein-based organelles, have recently been implicated in microbial iron and redox metabolism. Here, we report the structural and mechanistic characterization of a 42 nm two-component encapsulin-based iron storage compartment from <i>Quasibacillus thermotolerans</i>. Using cryo-electron microscopy and x-ray crystallography, we reveal the assembly principles of a thermostable T = 4 shell topology and its catalytic ferroxidase cargo and show interactions underlying cargo-shell co-assembly. This compartment has an exceptionally large iron storage capacity storing over 23,000 iron atoms. Our results reveal a new approach for survival in diverse habitats with limited or fluctuating iron availability via an iron storage system able to store 10 to 20 times more iron than ferritin.
Compósitos de poli(álcool vinílico) contendo hidroxissais lamelares de zinco, intercalados com corantes aniônicos azo (tropaeolina 0 e tropaeolina 00) Poly(vinyl alcohol) composites containing layered hydroxide salts, intercalated with anionic azo dyes (tropaeolin 0 and tropaeolin 0) (2013)

Hidroxissais lamelares de zinco foram intercalados com corantes aniônicos azo, obtendo-se pigmentos de coloração laranja. Os materiais foram caracterizados por difração de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise térmica (TGA/DTA/DSC) e espectroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios X (XPS). Após caracterização, os pigmentos lamelares foram dispersos em uma matriz de poli(álcool vinílico) - PVA, em concentrações variáveis, em relação à massa de PVA. Filmes homogêneos, transparentes e coloridos foram obtidos pelo método de "casting" úmido e mantidos em dessecador em umidade controlada de 65 % por uma semana e avaliados quanto às suas propriedades mecânicas. Devido às diferentes polaridades dos ânions intercalados, diferentes comportamentos foram observados para os pigmentos quando utilizados como cargas em PVA. Esse trabalho abre uma frente de pesquisas na utilização de hidroxissais lamelares intercalados com corantes aniônicos, como cargas alternativas em materiais compósitos poliméricos.<br>Layered zinc hydroxide salts were intercalated with anionic azo dyes, obtaining orange pigments. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA/DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After characterization, the layered pigments were dispersed into a matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) - PVA, in variable concentrations, in relation to the PVA mass. Homogeneous, transparent and colorful films were obtained by wet casting method and kept in a desiccator at 65% of humidity for one week and evaluated in relation to their mechanical properties. Owing to the different intercalated anions polarities, different behaviors were observed for both pigments when used as fillers in PVA. This work opens a research front in the utilization of layered hydroxide salt intercalated with anionic dyes, as alternative fillers in polymer composite materials.
A CLOSED LOOP CONTROL STRATEGY FOR A FREQUENCY-ONLY CONVERTER WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY (2007)

Many electric power generators use gas turbines as power sources, coupled through a mechanical gearbox in order to adapt their synchronous speed to the optimal rotation speed of the turbine. This paper proposes to replace the mechanical gearbox with a flexible electronic solution which would offer a higher efficiency. A new control strategy is proposed for the three level Neutral Point Clamped converter, which is characterized by its high efficiency due to the use of square-wave modulation. The main advantage of this modulation is the quasi absence of switching losses. In this modulation, only the frequency can be adapted between the input and the output voltages, but their magnitudes are not freely controllable. The active and reactive powers produced can be controlled by the generatorâs excitation, as well as both the angle shift between the generatorâs and rectifiers's voltages and between the inverterâs and networkâs voltages. The simulation and a partial experimental results for different operating points highlight the capabilities of the proposed control strategy.
Different responses to small visual errors during initiation and maintenance of smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys (1987)

1. We have investigated the role of retinal and extraretinal signals in the initiation and maintenance of smooth-pursuit eye movements in trained rhesus monkeys. Visual targets were presented in open-loop conditions by using electronic feedback of eye position to form the command for target position. This allowed us to present stimuli that were stabilized with respect to the moving eye or to provide small, precisely controlled retinal position or velocity errors. 2. Pursuit was maintained with only small decreases in eye velocity if retinal errors were eliminated by stabilizing the tracking target in front of the fovea during pursuit at 15 degrees/s. This argues that the pursuit system employs "velocity memory" to maintain pursuit. We suggest that velocity memory is effected by an extraretinal signal derived from positive feedback of eye-velocity commands. 3. Small retinal position errors caused smooth eye accelerations if imposed during pursuit, but were ineffective for initiating the transition from steady fixation to pursuit. Small retinal velocity errors were effective both for initiating pursuit from steady fixation and for altering eye velocity during pursuit. 4. Retinal position errors were effective at changing smooth eye velocity in a variety of conditions that required prior activation of the pursuit system. These include pursuit with or without a stationary background, pursuit with a background that was stabilized with respect to the eye, pursuit with combined eye and head motion (cancellation of the vestibuloocular reflex), and use of pursuit to suppress optokinetic nystagmus. Position errors were ineffective during fixation of stationary targets, even if head motion was provided to evoke the smooth eye velocity of the vestibuloocular reflex. 5. We conclude that retinal position errors are effective only after the pursuit system has been activated. It follows that pursuit initiation involves an active transition from steady fixation and that this transition is normally triggered by retinal velocity errors but not by retinal position errors.
The Murine Testicular Transcriptome: Characterizing Gene Expression in the Testis During the Progression of Spermatogenesis1 (2004)

One of the most promising applications of microarrays is the study of changes in gene expression associated with the growth and development of mammalian tissues. The testis provides an excellent model to determine the ability of microarrays to effectively characterize the changes in gene expression as an organ develops from birth to adulthood. To this end, a developmental testis gene expression time course profiling the expression patterns of approximately 36 000 transcripts on the Affymetrix MGU74v2 GeneChip platform at 11 distinct time points was created to gain a greater understanding of the molecular changes necessary for and elicited by the development of the testis. Additionally, gene expression profiles of isolated testicular cell types were created that can aid in the further characterization of the specific functional actions of each cell type in the testis. Statistical analysis of the data revealed 11 252 transcripts (9846 unique) expressed differentially in a significant manner. Subsequent cluster analysis produced five distinct expressional patterns within the time course. These patterns of expression are present at distinct chronological periods during testis development and often share similarities with cell-specific expression profiles. Analysis of cell-specific expression patterns produced unique and characteristic groups of transcripts that provide greater insight into the activities, biological and chronological, of testicular cell types during the progression of spermatogenesis. Further analysis of this time course can provide a distinct and more definitive view into the genes implicated, known and unknown, in the maturation, maintenance, and function of the testis and the integrated process of spermatogenesis.
Combinatorial Evaluation for Field Emission Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Part II: High Growth Rate System (2010)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) emitters are of interest for inclusion in cold cathodes and field emission displays. CNT field electron emitters self-organized on substrates with an Fe/Al2O3 catalytic/supporting layer, which accelerates CNT growth, are characterized using combinatorial libraries. A variety of morphologies are formed on single substrates by C2H2 thermal chemical vapor deposition for 10 s at ambient pressure. Degradation of field emission decreases upon prolonged operation. Raman signals from thinner single-walled CNTs predominantly degrade during operation. Controlling the number of protruding thin CNTs is crucial to extracting current and ensuring sustainability. Thin CNTs protruding from CNT ensembles formed on a substrate with a multimodal distribution of catalyst particles show good field emission (FE) properties with practical sustainability. A potential design for self-organized thin CNTs fabricated by the current process is discussed on the basis of the combinatorial evaluation for field emission and 3D electric field simulations.
Gene Structure and Multiple mRNA Species of Drosophila melanogaster Aldolase Generating Three Isozymes with Different Enzymatic Properties1 (1992)

Genomic clones encoding the Drosophila aldolase gene were isolated and the organization of the gene was determined. The protein-coding region spanning nearly 3.5 kb consists of five coding exons (exon 2, 3, 4 alpha, 4 beta, and 4 gamma). The insect exon 2 corresponds to exons 2 to 7 of vertebrate aldolase genes and thus appears to have been formed by the fusion of these 6 exons into a single exon during evolution. The Drosophila aldolase gene is predicted to generate mRNAs for three isozymes (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-types) from the primary transcripts by alternative usage of the final three exons. The reverse transcriptase-PCR assay revealed the occurrence of mRNAs for the three isozymic forms at different developmental stages, and tissue-specific expression was also found to occur in adult flies. In addition to the usual type mRNA species for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isozymes, two novel forms of mRNAs, alpha beta- and beta gamma-type mRNAs, were detected tissue-specifically in adult flies, although their functions are unpredictable. The alpha beta-mRNA is an alpha-type mRNA in which exon 4 beta remains unspliced, while the beta gamma-mRNA is a beta-type mRNA with the exon 4 gamma remaining unspliced. Recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli were all active and exhibited different enzymatic properties.
Wearable high-performance pressure sensors based on three-dimensional electrospun conductive nanofibers (2018)

Polymer-based pressure sensors play a key role in realizing lightweight and inexpensive wearable devices for healthcare and environmental monitoring systems. Here, conductive core/shell polymer nanofibers composed of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) electrospinning and vapor deposition polymerization methods, and the resulting sponge-like 3D membranes are used to create piezoresistive-type pressure sensors. Interestingly, the PEDOT shell consists of well-dispersed spherical bumps, leading to the formation of a hierarchical conductive surface that enhances the sensitivity to external pressure. The sponge-like 3D mats exhibit a much higher pressure sensitivity than the conventional electrospun 2D mats due to their enhanced porosity and pressure-tunable contact area. Furthermore, large-area, wireless, 16 10 multiarray pressure sensors for the spatiotemporal mapping of multiple pressure points and wearable bands for monitoring blood pressure have been fabricated from these 3D mats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the fabrication of electrospun 3D membranes with nanoscopically engineered fibers that can detect changes in external pressure with high sensitivity. The developed method opens a new route to the mass production of polymer-based pressure sensors with high mechanical durability, which creates additional possibilities for the development of human-machine interfaces.
Low-dose Depot Medication in Schizophrenia (1993)

Depot antipsychotic medication is a major component of the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia, but it is still not clear what constitutes an appropriate dose. A number of studies comparing low with standard doses of depot antipsychotic medication on a variety of outcome measures have been published in the last decade. A review of these studies indicates that, compared to standard-dose treatment, low-dose medication tends to improve psychosocial function and reduce the frequency of side effects but may result in an increase in positive symptoms. In such cases, a temporary increase in dose appears to control symptoms and terminate relapse episodes. An explanation of the relative efficacy of low-dose treatment may be derived from recent work in radioreceptor ligand binding.
The Acoustic Properties of Carbonates at Sonic and Ultrasonic Frequencies (2001)

P037 THE ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF CARBONATES AT SONIC AND ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES J.SOTHCOTT 1 S.ASSEFA 1 C.M C CANN 1 and S.E. JOHNSTAD 2 Summary This abstract describes a set of acoustic velocity and attenuation measurements on two fully brine saturated carbonates at low and high frequencies. The data demonstrate that at reservoir pressures the compressional wave and shear wave quality factors increase (attenuation decreases) with decreasing frequency and that the velocity dispersions are significantly smaller than those of reservoir sandstones. Aim 1 The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of frequency scaling on the acoustic properties of
Immunogenicity and Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants and Toddlers Given With Routine Vaccines in India (2012)

PCV13 has immunogenicity similar to PCV7 in response to the 7 common serotypes, and has generally higher immunogenicity in response to the 6 additional serotypes. PCV13 may provide added protection against pneumococcal disease caused by the additional 6 serotypes and does not interfere with immune responses to whole-cell pertussis and oral poliovirus vaccines. PCV13 has an acceptable safety profile in both infants and toddlers, comparable with that of PCV7.
A Study on the Koreans’ Perception of COVID-19:Focusing on the News Keywords in Korean Media (2022)

특정 질병질환이나 건강에 대한 미디어 뉴스는 실제의 사회 현실이 반영된 사회적-문화적 의미화 작용과 개인 및 전체의 담론체계를 생산-공유-유지하게 한다. 그래서 ‘알고 있고’, ‘지켜야 하는’ 일종의 신념과 의식을 생성시켜 주면서, 특정한 믿음과 가치관이 구축되는 것이다. 그렇다면 코비드-19와 관련한 미디어 뉴스가 국민에게 어떤 의식을 형성케 하는지가 궁금한 시점이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 Q 방법론적 시각으로 접근하여, 이들의 가치체계와 인식 등의 특성을 밝혀내고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 QUANL 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 37개의 Q 표본과 30개의 P 표본을 사용하여 최종적으로 독특한 특성이 담긴 3개의 유형을 발견하였다. 발견된 유형을 대상으로 그 속성과 성향을 복합적으로 반영해 제1유형을 ‘질병에 대한 이성적 대응자’, 제2유형을 ‘감염병에 대한 불안한 불신자’, 제3유형을 ‘위험상황에 대한 두려운 회피자’라고 명명화하였다. 한편 이를 바탕으로 정부 및 보건 관리자들에게 새로운 관점에서의 효율적인 코비드-19 응대 전략 시스템 구축을 위한 방안을 제시하였다.