gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BreedVision — A Multi-Sensor Platform for Non-Destructive Field-Based Phenotyping in Plant Breeding (2013)

To achieve the food and energy security of an increasing World population likely to exceed nine billion by 2050 represents a major challenge for plant breeding. Our ability to measure traits under field conditions has improved little over the last decades and currently constitutes a major bottleneck in crop improvement. This work describes the development of a tractor-pulled multi-sensor phenotyping platform for small grain cereals with a focus on the technological development of the system. Various optical sensors like light curtain imaging, 3D Time-of-Flight cameras, laser distance sensors, hyperspectral imaging as well as color imaging are integrated into the system to collect spectral and morphological information of the plants. The study specifies: the mechanical design, the system architecture for data collection and data processing, the phenotyping procedure of the integrated system, results from field trials for data quality evaluation, as well as calibration results for plant height determination as a quantified example for a platform application. Repeated measurements were taken at three developmental stages of the plants in the years 2011 and 2012 employing triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack L.) as a model species. The technical repeatability of measurement results was high for nearly all different types of sensors which confirmed the high suitability of the platform under field conditions. The developed platform constitutes a robust basis for the development and calibration of further sensor and multi-sensor fusion models to measure various agronomic traits like plant moisture content, lodging, tiller density or biomass yield, and thus, represents a major step towards widening the bottleneck of non-destructive phenotyping for crop improvement and plant genetic studies.
Efficient emulation of hardware prefetchers via event-driven helper threading (2006)

The advance of multi-core architectures provides significant benefits for parallel and throughput-oriented computing, but the performance of individual computation threads does not improve and may even suffer a penalty because of the increased contention for shared resources. This paper explores the idea of using available general-purpose cores in a CMP as helper engines for individual threads running on the active cores. We propose a lightweight architectural framework for efficient event-driven software emulation of complex hardware accelerators and describe how this framework can be applied to implement a variety of prefetching techniques. We demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of our framework on a wide range of applications from the SPEC CPU2000 and Olden benchmark suites. On average, our mechanism provides performance benefits within 5% of pure hardware implementations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that running event-driven prefetching threads on top of a baseline with a hardware stride prefetcher yields significant speedups for many programs. Finally, we show that our approach provides competitive performance improvements over other hardware approaches for multi-core execution while executing fewer instructions and requiring considerably less hardware support.
Trifluoroacetamides from Amino Alcohols as Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylating Reagents (2003)

Trifluoracetamid-Derivate von 1,2-Aminoalkoholen (siehe Bild) bieten eine ökologisch und ökonomisch vielversprechende Alternative für die effiziente nucleophile Trifluormethylierung enolisierbarer und nicht enolisierbarer Carbonylverbindungen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51301_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Corrosive Wear in Hydraulic Systems: An Overview (2001)

Hydraulic equipment continues to greatly improve, resulting in more powerful, faster, and versatile machines through advancements in hydraulic drives and controls. One basic step in improving hydraulic systems is to understand their failure mechanisms. In this work, basic corrosion mechanisms are summered and presented along with description of corresponding hydraulic system failure modes as well as a collection of common corrosive failure modes. Mechanisms and potential remedies are illustrated and discussed. Additionally, a wide collection of examples from contributors is provided.
The clinical significance of the alteration of the internal diameter of left atrium in hypertension patients (2006)

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the alteration of left atrium diameter in hypertension patients.Methods Among 85 hypertension patients,65 cases were selected from the patients of our hospital.20 healthy subjects were also included in our study.Ultrasonography imager was used to measure the internal diameter of left atrium(LAD),septal thickness(IVST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular mass index(LVMI),E/A ratio and rest heart rate(RHR) for the analysis among them.Results LAD significantly enlarged in hypertension and normal LVMI patients compared with that of the control group(P0.05),but the IVST,LVPWT,LVMI,E/A,LVEF and RHR had no significant difference between the two groups.LAD more significantly increased in hypertension and LVH patients compared with that of the control group(P0.01),and the IVST,LVPWT,LVMI,E/A,LVEF and RHR had significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The LAD enlarge before the abnormity of IVST,LVPWT,LVMI,E/A,LVEF and RHR in those patients with hypertension.LAD enlargement might be a earlier marker of the damage of myocardium in the development of hypertension,and has more clinical significance than left ventricular hypertrophy and E/A1.
Insecticidal activity of 8 household and hygiene insecticides against bedbug (Cimex lectularius) (2010)

The efficacy of eight insecticides which are used as household and hygiene insecticides in Japan were evaluated against susceptible strain of bedbug (Cimex lectularius L.). d-d-t Cyphenothrin and fenitrothion showed high efficacy among the six insecticides (d-d-t cyphenothrin, permethrin, d-phenothrin, fenitrothion, propoxur and metoxadiazon) by topical application test and filter paper contact test. By the test of oil formulation, imiprothrin showed the highest knock down activity and permethrin showed the highest killing efficacy among the three insecticides (permethrin, imiprothrin, d-tetramethrin).
Buffer assignment for data driven architectures (1993)

Data driven architectures have the potential to exhibit higher performance and throughput when compared to their control driven counterparts. In order to ensure that these performance gains are realized, it is required that the underlying data flow graph (DFG) have no accumulation of data at its nodes. Hence, all operands should arrive simultaneously at a multi-input operation node. Buffers are therefore inserted to ensure these conditions. An algorithm for buffer distribution in a balanced DFG of order (V /spl times/ E) is proposed. The number of buffers in the proposed buffer distribution strategy is equal to the minimum number of buffers achieved by integer programming techniques. An extension of this algorithm, of order (V/sup 2/ /spl times/ log V) is proposed which can further reduce the number of buffers by altering the DFG while keeping the functionality and performance of the DFG intact. Performance results showing the improvement of these algorithms over the existing ones have been shown.
Effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 in a preclinical melanoma model. (2019)

143 Background: The aim is to characterize the effect of Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitors, on tumor growth and immune responses against B16-OVA melanoma tumors implanted in a syngeneic mouse model. Methods: Adult c57BL/6J female mice were distributed among a non-tumor placebo group (n=5) and four experimental tumor groups: no RFA (n=10); RFA alone (n=5); CPI post-RFA (n=5); and CPI pre-and-post-RFA (n=5). On day 0, mice were inoculated SQ with 2.5x10 5 B16-OVA cells. RFA was performed at day 15. Three doses of anti-mouse CTLA-4 and anti-mouse PD-1 (200 µg/dose each, every 24 h) were given IP to the appropriate groups. To evaluate the effect of the therapy on a distant tumor, each tumor group was re-inoculated SQ at day 20 with 2.5x10 5 B16-OVA cells. Serum samples were collected to measure concentration of cytokines. Mice were euthanized at day 36. T-cell and non-T cell fractions were collected from splenocytes for co-culture and evaluation of killing in vitro. Results: Mice that received RFA alone or RFA plus CPI showed significantly smaller primary tumors and minimal growth of secondary tumors compared to untreated mice, suggesting that these therapies may have an abscopal effect. Based on the cytokine profile in serum, mice treated with CPI pre-and-post-RFA showed balanced and sustained concentrations of IFNγ and IL-2 (T cell activation) and controlled inflammatory responses. In vitro experiments showed that T cells from mice treated with CPI pre-and-post-RFA produced significantly more IFNγ when co-cultured with B16-OVA cells. However, these T cells did not demonstrate a high killing activity on the tumor cells. The killing capacity of T cells from mice treated with RFA alone or with CPI pre-and-post-RFA increased significantly when the non-T cell fraction (dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells, and B cells) was added to the co-culture. Conclusions: RFA therapy combined with CPI given to mice bearing B16-OVA tumors may induce systemic immune responses capable of improving control of distant tumor growth. In culture, primed T cells are not able to kill B16-OVA by themselves, but the addition of the non-T cell fraction may improve T cell killing capacity.
Adsorption structure and scanning tunneling data of a prototype organic-inorganic interface: PTCDA on Ag(111) (2007)

We present density-functional calculations of a monolayer of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface, yielding detailed insight into the structural and electronic properties of this prototypical adsorption system. Using the local-density approximation as the best choice for the exchange-correlation functional, we discuss the bond lengths inside the molecules, the distortion of the molecules due to adsorption, and their position and orientation relative to the substrate and to each other. Based on the calculated geometric and electronic structures, we calculate scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy data within the Tersoff-Hamann framework [Phys. Rev. B. 31, 805 (1985)]. To this end, two-dimensional Fourier transform methods and spatial extrapolation techniques are employed to evaluate the sample wave functions at the tip position. We obtain constant-current images and spectral data that reveal detailed information about the electronic structure of the system. In addition, we have measured the same data by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our measured and calculated data are in good agreement with one another.
Ultralow-Temperature Measurements of Submicron Devices (1987)

Contains research summary.
ChemInform Abstract: Activated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 4. Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives. (1986)

Abstract Analog den Umsetzungen von (III) mit (VI) bzw. (VII) zu (VIII) erhält man bei der Reaktion von (V) [Darstellung durch saure Cyclisierung von (III)] die Kupplungsprodukte (IX) bzw. (X).
Supplementary Figure from GAS6-AXL Inhibition by AVB-500 Overcomes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Endometrial Cancer by Decreasing Tumor Cell Glycolysis (2023)

Supplementary Figure from GAS6-AXL Inhibition by AVB-500 Overcomes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Endometrial Cancer by Decreasing Tumor Cell Glycolysis
Uterus transplantation and beyond (2017)

Uterus transplantation is today the only available treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility which is caused by either congenital/surgical uterine absence or that a present uterus is non-functioning. Structured animal-based research, from rodents to nonhuman primates, was the scientific basis for a successful introduction of uterus transplantation as a clinical procedure. The patient groups for uterus transplantation, the preclinical research and data from the published human cases will be covered herein. During recent years the concept of bioengineering of organs and tissues has emerged. Creation of a bioengineered uterus is in the initial research state, with experiments performed in rodents. The research that has been performed to create a bioengineered uterus will be summarized. In conclusion, uterus transplantation is now a clinical experimental procedure for treatment of uterine factor infertility. In parallel to the establishment of this combined assisted reproduction technique and transplantation procedure as a routine clinical procedure, we predict that uterus bioengineering will develop further towards introduction within the human setting, but that this process will take several years.
Astrocyte Leucine Metabolism: Significance of Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Transamination (1996)

We studied astrocytic metabolism of leucine, which in brain is a major donor of nitrogen for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine. The uptake of leucine into glia was rapid, with a Vmax of 53.6 +/- 3.2 nmol/mg of protein/min and a Km of 449.2 +/- 94.9 microM. Virtually all leucine transport was found to be Na+ independent. Astrocytic accumulation of leucine was much greater (3x) in the presence of alpha-aminooxyacetic acid (5 mM), an inhibitor of transamination reactions, suggesting that the glia rapidly transaminate leucine to alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), which they then release into the extracellular fluid. This inference was confirmed by the direct measurement of KIC release to the medium when astrocytes were incubated with leucine. Approximately 70% of the leucine that the glia cleared from the medium was released as the keto acid. The apparent Km for leucine conversion to extracellular KIC was a medium [leucine] of 58 microM with a Vmax of approximately 2.0 nmol/mg of protein/min. The transamination of leucine is bidirectional (leucine+alpha-ketoglutarate<==>KIC+glutamate) in astrocytes, but flux from leucine-->glutamate is more active than that from glutamate-->leucine. These data underscore the significance of leucine handling to overall brain nitrogen metabolism. The release of KIC from glia to the extracellular fluid may afford a mechanism for the "buffering" of glutamate in neurons, which would consume this neurotransmitter in the course of reaminating KIC to leucine.
New differentiators for control and observation applications (2001)

In this paper we propose three differentiators that estimate the higher derivatives of a given bounded signal. The proposed differentiators reduce the peaking phenomenon and offer resistance to noise disturbances.
Genetic synthetic lethality screen at the single gene level in cultured human cells (2001)

Recently, we demonstrated the feasibility of a chemical synthetic lethality screen in cultured human cells. We now demonstrate the principles for a genetic synthetic lethality screen. The technology employs both an immortalized human cell line deficient in the gene of interest, which is complemented by an episomal survival plasmid expressing the wild-type cDNA for the gene of interest, and the use of a novel GFP-based double-label fluorescence system. Dominant negative genetic suppressor elements (GSEs) are selected from an episomal library expressing short truncated sense and antisense cDNAs for a gene likely to be synthetic lethal with the gene of interest. Expression of these GSEs prevents spontaneous loss of the GFP-marked episomal survival plasmid, thus allowing FACS enrichment for cells retaining the survival plasmid (and the GSEs). The dominant negative nature of the GSEs was validated by the decreased resident enzymatic activity present in cells harboring the GSEs. Also, cells mutated in the gene of interest exhibit reduced survival upon GSE expression. The identification of synthetic lethal genes described here can shed light on functional genetic interactions between genes involved in normal cell metabolism and in disease.
Construction of a Laser Compton Scattered Photon Source at cERL (2014)

A nondestructive assay system of isotopes by quasi-monochromatic gamma-rays and nuclear resonance fluorescence is under development in JAEA. The quasi-monochromatic gamma-rays are generated by laser Compton scattering (LCS) based on energy-recovery linac accelerator and laser technologies. In order to demonstrate the accelerator and laser performance required for the gamma-ray source, an LCS experiment is planned at Compact ERL (cERL) at KEK. A mode-locked fiber laser, laser enhancement cavity, beamline, and experimental hatch are under construction for the LCS experiment. Up-to-date construction status is presented in detail.
Alopecia areata. (1990)

Alopecia areata is an asymptomatic, nonscarring hair loss with spontaneous remissions and exacerbations. Although the etiology is unknown, the disorder is associated with vitiligo, atopy, pernicious anemia, Down syndrome and thyroiditis. The area of hair loss may remain localized or may involve the entire scalp or all body hair. Treatment is difficult to assess because of individual response and spontaneous remissions, as well as a high rate of relapse. Intralesional injection of corticosteroids is the most common mode of treatment, although systemic steroid therapy, contact allergens, minoxidil, psoralens plus ultraviolet light, and other agents have been tried.
D-2-6: Report about the results of the multicentre evaluation of the Auditory Profile. Public report (2009)

Twenty-eight partners participated in the FP6 EU-funded project HearCom, with the goal to improve hearing in our communication society. One of the main achievements has been the provision of advanced hearing screening tests by telephone and Internet. For hearing diagnostics it was aimed at the harmonization of hearing diagnostic tests within Europe. For this the concept of the Auditory Profile has been developed with several tests for various languages. Hearing problems are also a result of adverse acoustical circumstances for which the effects have been studied, modelled and evaluated for hearing impaired. For hearing rehabilitation a large scale comparison study was performed on signal enhancement techniques (algorithms) for hearing devices. Modern technology may assist on hearing and communication by the use of wireless technology and automatic speech transcription. On this it is shown that improvements for auditory communication can be obtained, but that technology should develop further. An overview is given on the HearCom portal with sections for screening diagnostics, hearing information for the public and professionals, and a new service called HearCompanion that provides step-by-step support for the hearing rehabilitation process.
Axially Chiral Enamides: Substituent Effects, Rotation Barriers, and Implications for their Cyclization Reactions (2016)

The barrier to rotation around the N-alkenyl bond of 38 N-alkenyl-N-alkylacetamide derivatives was measured (ΔG(⧧) rotation varied between <8.0 and 31.0 kcal mol(-1)). The most important factor in controlling the rate of rotation was the level of alkene substitution, followed by the size of the nitrogen substituent and, finally, the size of the acyl substituent. Tertiary enamides with four alkenyl substituents exhibited half-lives for rotation between 5.5 days and 99 years at 298 K, sufficient to isolate enantiomerically enriched atropisomers. The radical cyclizations of a subset of N-alkenyl-N-benzyl-α-haloacetamides exhibiting relatively high barriers to rotation round the N-alkenyl bond (ΔG(⧧) rotation >20 kcal mol(-1)) were studied to determine the regiochemistry of cyclization. Those with high barriers (>27 kcal mol(-1)) did not lead to cyclization, but those with lower values produced highly functionalized γ-lactams via a 5-endo-trig radical-polar crossover process that was terminated by reduction, an unusual cyclopropanation sequence, or trapping with H2O, depending upon the reaction conditions. Because elevated temperatures were necessary for cyclization, this precluded study of the asymmetric transfer in the reaction of individual atropisomers. However, enantiomerically enriched atropsiomeric enamides should be regarded as potential asymmetric building blocks for reactions that can be accomplished at room temperature.
Maximum Energy Efficiency of Three Precoding Methods for Massive MIMO Technique in Wireless Communication System (2019)

Nowadays, Energy Efficiency (EE) has turned into a buzzword for 5G. Consequently, Massive MIMO (MMIMO) technologies have attained a great attention for Multi-User Communication scenario. In this paper, the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), the Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) and the Zero Forcing (ZF) precoding methods are analyzed for MMIMO technique from an EE perspective. The results show the optimization of EE against the amount of clients, amount of assigned base stations as well as launch input power in the system respectively.
Trinuclear Gold–Carborane Cluster as a Host Structure (2018)

This work encompasses a comprehensive study of host–guest interactions between cyclic trimer metal–carborane [Au 3 (1,2‐C 2 B 10 H 10 ) 3 ] 3– and several guest species such as cations (H + , Li + , Be 2+ , Hg 2+ ), anions (F – , H – , Cl – , Br – , I – , HCC – ), and neutral molecules (H 2 , CO 2 , I 2 , HCCH, N 2 ). A computational study has been carried out to evaluate energetic profiles and determine the contribution of attractive or repulsive interactions between guest and host. The energy minima obtained call our attention to several cases. For instance, all above cations form stable minima as guest complexes with the three gold atoms of the host. Unexpectedly, pyramidal H – or F – species are obtained as energy minima, while other anions give completely repulsive interactions. Finally, the CO 2 molecule is also trapped inside the trinuclear ring.