gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ten Years After Managed Professionals: Who Owns Intellectual Property Now? (2012)

Between 1998 and 2008, the number of collective bargaining agreements at colleges and universities that covered ownership of intellectual property—patents and copyrights—increased dramatically. In Managed Professionals: Unionized Faculty and Restructuring Academic Labor, Gary Rhoades (1998) wrote that only about 33% of the collective bargaining agreements in the Higher Education Contract Analysis System (HECAS) maintained by the National Education Association had provisions that covered ownership of intellectual property (71 out of 212 contracts). In the 2008 HECAS, 55% (290 out of 525) of contracts covering faculty at two-year and four-year institutions had provisions covering intellectual-property ownership.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Valent Iron Phthalocyanine Five‐ and Six‐Coordinated μ‐Carbido Dimers. (1989)

Abstract The stable dimer (III) is a rare species, not isomorphous with the corresponding μ‐nitrido and μ‐oxo complexes.
Parameters Affecting Interferometric Coherence—The Case of a Dynamic Agricultural Region (2013)

In South Africa, the need exists for a long-term monitoring system to detect deformation because of mining. Differential radar interferometry (dInSAR) is recognized for its ability to detect deformation without the need for extensive field observations. However, phase noise (assessed by interferometric coherence) is known to adversely affect interferometric measurements. In this paper, 12 polarimetric RADARSAT-2 SAR images are used to statistically analyze the sensitivity of coherence to perpendicular baseline, Doppler centroid (DC) difference, temporal baseline, land surface evolution, and polarization. The results suggest that the average scene coherence for HH and VV polarizations is most sensitive to the effects of temporal baseline if RADARSAT-2 data with small perpendicular baselines and DC differences are considered. However, an increase in the sensitivity to dc difference and perpendicular baseline is observed after analysis of ERS-2 data for which higher values of these parameters are available. The choice of optimal polarization is seasonally dependent, with VV polarization data being more suitable at the end of the growing season after harvesting, while HH polarization is more suitable during the peak of the growing season. Image pairs with at most 24-day temporal baselines are required during the peak of the growing season while successful interferogram generation is possible with temporal baselines of up to 120 days after the peak of the growing season. Subsidence basins are successfully detected, demonstrating that the dInSAR techniques would be suitable for the long-term monitoring of surface subsidence in this dynamic commercial agricultural environment.
The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation (1985)

Protein phosphatases-2A0, 2A1 and 2A2 have been purified to homogeneity from rabbit skeletal muscle. Approximately 1 mg of phosphatase-2A0 and 2A1, and 0.5 mg of phosphatase-2A2, was isolated from 4000 g muscle within 10 days. Protein phosphatases-2A0 and 2A1 each comprised three subunits, termed A, B' and C (2A0) or A, B and C (2A1), while phosphatase-2A2 contained only two subunits, A and C. The A and C components of phosphatases-2A0, 2A1 and 2A2 had indistinguishable mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels and identical peptide maps. By these criteria, the C component was also identical to the catalytic subunit of phosphatase-2A purified from ethanol-treated muscle extracts. The electrophoretic mobilities of the B and B' subunits were slightly different, and their peptide maps were distinct. The molecular masses of the native enzymes determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation were 181 +/- 6 kDa (2A0), 202 +/- 6 kDa (2A1) and 107 +/- 5 kDa (2A2), while those of the subunits estimated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 60 kDa (A), 55 kDa (B), 54 kDa (B') and 36 kDa (C). These values, in conjunction with molar ratios estimated by densitometric analyses of the gels, suggest that the subunit structures of the enzymes are AB'C2 (2A0), ABC2 (2A1) and AC (2A2). Protein phosphatase-2A2 appears to be derived from 2A0 and/or 2A1 during purification through degradation or dissociation of the B' and/or B subunits. Protein phosphatases-2A0, 2A1 and 2A2 were the only phosphorylase phosphatases in rabbit skeletal muscle that were activated by the basic proteins, protamine (A0.5 = 0.25 microM), histone H1 (A0.5 = 0.3 microM) and polylysine (A0.5 = 0.04 microM). Activation by protamine varied over 5-20-fold for phosphatase-2A0 and 5-7-fold for phosphatases-2A1 and 2A2. The dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase was activated by basic proteins in a similar manner to the phosphorylase phosphatase activity. The isolated C subunit was also stimulated by histone H1 and protamine, but 5-10-fold higher concentrations were required, and with phosphorylase as substrate, maximum activation was only about 2-fold. Activation by basic proteins appears to involve their interaction with the A and/or C subunits, but not with the B or B' subunits, or substrates phosphorylase and glycogen synthase.
δ-Atracotoxins from Australian Funnel-web Spiders Compete with Scorpion α-Toxin Binding but Differentially Modulate Alkaloid Toxin Activation of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels (1998)

delta-Atracotoxins from the venom of Australian funnel-web spiders are a unique group of peptide toxins that slow sodium current inactivation in a manner similar to scorpion alpha-toxins. To analyze their interaction with known sodium channel neurotoxin receptor sites, we studied their effect on [3H]batrachotoxin and 125I-Lqh II (where Lqh is alpha-toxin II from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus) binding and on alkaloid toxin-stimulated 22Na+ uptake in rat brain synaptosomes. delta-Atracotoxins significantly increased [3H]batrachotoxin binding yet decreased maximal batrachotoxin-activated 22Na+ uptake by 70-80%, the latter in marked contrast to the effect of scorpion alpha-toxins. Unlike the inhibition of batrachotoxin-activated 22Na+ uptake, delta-atracotoxins increased veratridine-stimulated 22Na+ uptake by converting veratridine from a partial to a full agonist, analogous to scorpion alpha-toxins. Hence, delta-atracotoxins are able to differentiate between the open state of the sodium channel stabilized by batrachotoxin and veratridine and suggest a distinct sub-conductance state stabilized by delta-atracotoxins. Despite these actions, low concentrations of delta-atracotoxins completely inhibited the binding of the scorpion alpha-toxin, 125I-Lqh II, indicating that they bind to similar, or partially overlapping, receptor sites. The apparent uncoupling between the increase in binding but inhibition of the effect of batrachotoxin induced by delta-atracotoxins suggests that the binding and action of certain alkaloid toxins may represent at least two distinguishable steps. These results further contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamic interactions between neurotoxin receptor site areas related to sodium channel gating.
Windsnelheidseffecten achter windturbines (2017)

Bij de ontwikkeling van het windpark Flevoland Noord, onder werknaam Windplan Blauw, zijn met het oog op de toekomstige uitbreiding van Lelystad Airport vragen gerezen met betrekking tot de vliegveiligheid met kleine vliegtuigen in relatie tot de zoggen achter windturbines. Om deze vragen te kunnen beantwoorden is informatie nodig over de effecten van deze zoggen. ECN is daarom gevraagd om de effecten van windturbinezoggen op de windsnelheid te berekenen voor twee situaties: een enkele windturbine en voor twee windturbines achter elkaar. De resultaten laten zien dat de windsnelheidsafname op 100 meter boven de tiphoogte (ca. 300 m of 1000 voet) minder is dan 1 m/s of 0.5 knoop.
<title>Optical nonlinearities of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) thin film waveguide</title> (1998)

The nonlinear-optical properties of poly (p-phenylene- vinylene) (PPV) were studied. The sign and size of the real and imaginary part of (chi) <SUP>(3</SUP>) have been measured at 532 nm to be -5.168 multiplied by 10<SUP>-9</SUP> esu and -1.952 multiplied by 10<SUP>-9</SUP> esu, respectively by the Z-scan method. The nonlinear refractive index n<SUB>2</SUB> is of -4.271 multiplied by 10<SUP>-9</SUP> esu, and all-optical switching in the PPV thin-film waveguide was observed by prism coupling.
Copper- and Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aryl Guanidinylation:  An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles (2002)

[reaction: see text] The formation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles via intramolecular C[bond]N formation between an aryl halide and a guanidine moiety can be achieved using either copper or palladium catalysis. Inexpensive copper salts such as CuI are generally superior to the use of palladium catalysts. Regioselective cyclizations, where R(3) = H, can be achieved in high yield under CuI/1,10-phenanthroline-catalyzed conditions, whereas palladium catalysis results in the formation of regioisomeric products.
A sequence motif found in aDrosophilaheterochromatin protein is conserved in animals and plants (1991)

Modifiers of position-effect-variegation in Drosophila encode proteins that are thought to modify chromatin, rendering it heritably changed in its expressibility. In an attempt to identify similar modifier genes in other species we have utilized a known sequence homology, termed chromo box, between a suppressor of position-effect-variegation, Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), and a repressor of homeotic genes, Polycomb (Pc). A PCR generated probe encompassing the HP1 chromo box was used to clone full-length murine cDNAs that contain conserved chromo box motifs. Sequence comparisons, in situ hybridization experiments, and RNA Northern blot analysis suggest that the murine and human sequences presented in this report are homologues of the Drosophila HP1 gene. Chromo box sequences can also be detected in other animal species, and in plants, predicting a strongly conserved structural role for the peptide encoded by this sequence. We propose that epigenetic (yet heritable) changes in gene expressibility, characteristic of chromosomal imprinting phenomena, can largely be explained by the action of such modifier genes. The evolutionary conservation of the chromo box motif now enables the isolation and study of putative modifier genes in those animal and plant species where chromosomal imprinting has been described.
Will a Peripheral Blood (PB) Sample Yield the Same Diagnostic and Prognostic Cytogenetic Data as the Concomitant Bone Marrow (BM) In Myelodysplasia? An International Study Comparing Cytogenetics and Interphase FISH Using Parallel PB and BM Samples (2010)

Abstract Abstract 2922 The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a highly variable clinical course, for which novel treatments are beginning to emerge. Conventional cytogenetic studies (CCS) of bone marrow (BM) are routinely used in clinical practice to detect abnormal clones in proliferating (metaphase) cells, identifying clonal aberrations in ∼50% of de novo MDS cases. Cytogenetics is also one of the key International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) components used to estimate overall survival and leukemia-free survival in MDS. Chromosome abnormalities may be quantified at presentation and during treatment by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes for specific chromosome loci (e.g., chromosomes 5, 7, 8 and 20) in non-proliferating (interphase) nuclei. However, it is not clear whether or not peripheral blood CCS will yield the same diagnostic and prognostic data as bone marrow CCS at disease presentation or whether patients without apparent chromosome abnormalities by CCS have “hidden” abnormalities that can be identified by interphase FISH. To answer these questions, 15 members of the International Working Group on MDS Cytogenetics agreed to perform CCS and FISH in parallel on both peripheral blood and bone marrow samples collected from MDS patients. To be certain that all participating sites scored and interpreted their individual FISH data in a similar fashion, a quality assurance (QA) study was completed with each site studying two identical test (proficiency) samples. Concordance among sites was very good to excellent allowing for the establishment of a standardized protocol with clear scoring criteria before patient samples were processed. In the second phase of the study, a total of 77 MDS patients were accrued to the study with 61% showing an abnormal karyotype. A FISH panel consisting of eight probe sets [-5/5q-, -7/7q-/der(1;7), +8/8q-, -11/+11/11q-/add(11q), 12p-/+21/t(12;21), -13/13q-, 17p- and 20q-/i(20q)/i(20p), Abbott Molecular, Inc.] was performed on both specimen types. While CCS was frequently unsuccessful (57.5%) in the PB specimens, FISH was informative (concordant with BM/PB CCS) in 92% of cases, with 49% of PB FISH demonstrating an abnormal clone. FISH was discordant in 4 of 77 BM and PB samples (5%), while CCS and FISH on BM and PB were discordant in 6 of 77 BM specimens (8%) and 6 of 73 PB specimens (8%). The data suggest that evaluation of interphase nuclei from PB on follow-up (non-diagnostic) FISH studies on MDS patients will be equally informative (and less costly and stressful) as a BM sample. Disclosures: Slovak: PerkinElmer: Employment. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership, Research Funding. Ohyashiki:Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.: Research Funding.
Assessing the Economic Life of Rail Using a Stochastic Analysis of Failures (2006)

In this article, a model is developed to evaluate the economic life of rail using a stochastic analysis of rail failures. The occurrence of rail defects and failures is analysed and issues related to rail maintenance are addressed. The hazard rate of alumino-thermic weld failures is predicted for continuously welded rail, where the expected number of welds is increasing in tonnage as a result of replacement. Imperfect inspections are modelled for predicting the expected number of failures by employing a filtered non-homogeneous Poisson process. The impact of maintenance on failure occurrence and whole life-cycle cost (LCC) is analysed and integrated within the model. The application and capability of the proposed model and sensitivity of parameters are illustrated through the use of a practical example. It is shown that an optimal economic life of rail can always be found, as the repair cost and the risk cost of accident are increasing with tonnage that passed through it. In addition, the inspection frequency has a significant impact on rail LCC. The results also suggest that the proposed model is also valid for optimizing the interval between rail inspections.
Toward Operational Safety Verification of AI-Enabled CPS (Student Abstract) (2020)

AI-enabled Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as artificial pancreas (AP) or autonomous cars are using machine learning to make several critical decisions. The system is subject to inputs and scenarios which are not observed during training and the expected outputs are not known. Hence, popular model based verification techniques that characterize behavior of a control system before deployment using predictive models may be inaccurate and often result in incorrect safety analysis results. In addition, regulatory agencies are required to regulate safety-critical AI enabled CPS to ensure their operational safety. However, high complexity of the system result in myriad of safety concerns all of which may not only be comprehensively tested before deployment but also may not even be detected during design and testing phase. In this work, we propose a tool to help regulatory agencies compare the operation of the CPS with the specifications given by the manufacturer to ensure that the operation results conform with the safety assured design of a CPS.
Copper incorporation into ceruloplasmin is regulated by Niemann–Pick C1 protein (2011)

These findings suggest that ATP7B localizes in the late endosomes and that copper in the late endosomes is transported to the secretory compartment via an NPC1-dependent pathway and incorporated into Cp.
Microvillus Inclusion Disease: Loss of Myosin Vb Disrupts Intracellular Traffic and Cell Polarity (2013)

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital enteropathy characterized by loss of apical microvilli and formation of cytoplasmic inclusions lined by microvilli in enterocytes. MVID is caused by mutations in the MYO5B gene, coding for the myosin Vb motor protein. Although myosin Vb is implicated in the organization of intracellular transport and cell surface polarity in epithelial cells, its precise role in the pathogenesis of MVID is unknown. We performed correlative immunohistochemistry analyses of sections from duodenal biopsies of a MVID patient, compound heterozygous for two novel MYO5B mutations, predicting loss of function of myosin Vb in duodenal enterocytes together with a stable MYO5B CaCo2 RNAi cell system. Our findings show that myosin Vb-deficient enterocytes display disruption of cell polarity as reflected by mislocalized apical and basolateral transporter proteins, altered distribution of certain endosomal/lysosomal constituents including Rab GTPases. Together, this severe disturbance of epithelial cell function could shed light on the pathology and symptoms of MVID.
Electron Energy Storage, Transport, and Transformation Kinetics (2014)

The solid electric thermal conductivity tensor Ke, in addition to the phonon thermal conductivity tensor (i.e., total conductivity K = Ke + Kp), determines heat conduction in solids through the Fourier law qk = −K · ∇T. The heat capacity of an electron cυ,e when in local thermal equilibrium with the lattice (i.e., phonon) is small, except at very high temperatures. Electrons can also have a net motion under an applied electric field ee, thus creating opportunities for exchange of their gained kinetic energy, e.g., with the lattice through inelastic scattering in Joule heating. The coupling of electronic and thermal transport, known as thermoelectricity, leads to Peltier heating/cooling.
Redesigning the Active Site of Transaldolase TalB from Escherichia coli: New Variants with Improved Affinity towards Nonphosphorylated Substrates (2010)

Recently, we reported on a transaldolase B variant (TalB F178Y) that is able to use dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as donor in aldol reactions. In a second round of protein engineering, we aimed at improving the affinity of this variant towards nonphosphorylated acceptor aldehydes, that is, glyceraldehyde (GA). The anion binding site was identified in the X-ray structure of TalB F178Y where a sulfate ion from the buffer was bound in the active site. Therefore, we performed site-directed saturation mutagenesis at three residues forming the putative phosphate binding site, Arg181, Ser226 and Arg228. The focused libraries were screened for the formation of D-fructose from DHA and d,l-GA by using an adjusted colour assay. The best results with respect to the synthesis of D-fructose were achieved with the TalB F178Y/R181E variant, which exhibited an at least fivefold increase in affinity towards d,l-GA (K(M)=24 mM). We demonstrated that this double mutant can use D-GA, glycolaldehyde and the L-isomer, L-GA, as acceptor substrates. This resulted in preparative synthesis of D-fructose, D-xylulose and L-sorbose when DHA was used as donor. Hence, we engineered a DHA-dependent aldolase that can synthesise the formation of polyhydroxylated compounds from simple and cheap substrates at preparative scale.
Effects of spinal cord stimulation on heart rate variability in patients with chronic pain. (2013)

Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain seems to be accompanied by reduced parasympathetic tone, unlike SCS in angina pectoris where previous studies found a reduced cardiac sympathetic tone. Our study might lead to understand the mechanism of action of SCS We investigated a relatively small number of patients, which is the main limitation of our study. Thus, further studies with larger number of patients are required for validation of our results.
DEEP-CARVING: Discovering visual attributes by carving deep neural nets (2015)

Most of the approaches for discovering visual attributes in images demand significant supervision, which is cumbersome to obtain. In this paper, we aim to discover visual attributes in a weakly supervised setting that is commonly encountered with contemporary image search engines. For instance, given a noun (say forest) and its associated attributes (say dense, sunlit, autumn), search engines can now generate many valid images for any attribute-noun pair (dense forests, autumn forests, etc). However, images for an attributenoun pair do not contain any information about other attributes (like which forests in the autumn are dense too). Thus, a weakly supervised scenario occurs: each of the M attributes corresponds to a class such that a training image in class m ∈ {1, . . . , M} contains a single label that indicates the presence of the mth attribute only. The task is to discover all the attributes present in a test image. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) [20] have enjoyed remarkable success in vision applications recently. However, in a weakly supervised scenario, widely used CNN training procedures do not learn a robust modelfor predicting multiple attribute labels simultaneously. The primary reason is that the attributes highly co-occur within the training data, and unlike objects, do not generally exist as well-defined spatial boundaries within the image. To ameliorate this limitation, we propose Deep-Carving, a novel training procedure with CNNs, that helps the net efficiently carve itselffor the task of multiple attribute prediction. During training, the responses of the feature maps are exploited in an ingenious way to provide the net with multiple pseudo-labels (for training images) for subsequent iterations. The process is repeated periodically after a fixed number of iterations, and enables the net carve itself iteratively for efficiently disentangling features. Additionally, we contribute a noun-adjective pairing inspired Natural Scenes Attributes Dataset to the research community, CAMITNSAD, containing a number of co-occurring attributes within a noun category. We describe, in detail, salient aspects of this dataset. Our experiments on CAMITNSAD and the SUN Attributes Dataset [29], with weak supervision, clearly demonstrate that the Deep-Carved CNNs consistently achieve considerable improvement in the precision of attribute prediction over popular baseline methods.
Using many-core architectural templates for FPGA-based computing (abstract only) (2011)

Truly unleashing the computing potential of FPGAs, as well as widening their applicability, demands alleviating cumbersome HDL programming and relieving laborious manual optimization. Towards this end, we propose a Many-core Approach to Reconfigurable Computing (MARC) that enables efficient high-performance computing for applications expressed with imperative programming languages such as C/C++ without constructing FPGA computing machines from scratch when targeting various applications within the same or similar problem domains. A MARC system achieves high computing performance by leveraging a many-core architectural template, sophisticated logic synthesizing techniques, and state-of-art compiler optimization technology. In addition, MARC exploits abundant special FPGA resources such as distributed block memories and DSP blocks to implement complete single-chip high efficiency many-core microarchitectures. The key benefits of MARC include (i) allowing programmers to easily express parallelism through a high-level programming language, (ii) supporting coarse-grain multithreading and dataflow-style fine-grain threading while permitting bit-level resource control, and (iii) greatly reducing the effort required to re-purpose the hardware system for different algorithms or different applications.