gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Policy for Increased Thermal Rating of Powerlink Queensland Transmission Lines (2003)

The National Electricity Market has placed new pressures on the transmission network to minimise network constraints and increase transmission network limits. Transmission Network Service Providers like Powerlink are responding by challenging traditional methods for rating transmission lines to provide the maximum possible capability when customers and the market need it most. This paper describes the evolution of thermal rating policy for transmission lines owned by Powerlink Queensland. The basis of the traditional continuous and emergency ratings is explained. The recent shift to real time ratings in line operation to maximise instantaneous capability is described, along with network planning and outage planning philosophies. Some recent experience with laser scanning of lines and weather stations is also presented, and the paper concludes by identifying future directions for line rating work.
Neuroendocrine Responses in Alcoholics to the Presentation and Consumption of a Perceived Alcoholic Beverage (1991)

Eight male alcoholic inpatients in their 2nd week of treatment were presented with, and instructed to consume, a beverage described at one session as containing alcohol and at another as not containing alcohol. The beverage on each occasion did not, in fact, contain alcohol. The results indicated that when subjects believed they had consumed alcohol, the change in insulin from baseline was significantly greater at 10, 20, and 30 min following consumption. The findings suggest that the insulin response of alcoholics following ingestion of a carbohydrate-containing beverage is enhanced by the anticipation of ethanol.
You have more capital than you think. (2005)

Senior executives typically delegate the responsibility for managing a firm's derivatives portfolio to in-house financial experts and the company's financial advisers. That's a strategic blunder, argues this Nobel laureate, because the inventiveness of modern financial markets makes it possible for companies to double or even triple their capacity to invest in their strategic assets and competencies. Risks fall into two categories: either a company adds value by assuming them on behalf of its shareholders or it does not. By hedging or insuring against non-value-adding risks with derivative securities and contracts, thereby removing them from what the author calls the risk balance sheet, managers can release equity capital for assuming more value-adding risk. This is not just a theoretical possibility. One innovation-the interest rate swap, introduced about 20 years ago-has already enabled the banking industry to dramatically increase its capacity for adding value to each dollar of invested equity capital. With the range of derivative instruments growing, there is no reason why other companies could not similarly remove strategic risks, potentially creating billions of dollars in shareholder value. The possibilities are especially important for private companies that have no access to public equity markets and therefore cannot easily increase their equity capital by issuing more shares. The author describes how derivative contracts of various kinds are already being employed strategically to mitigate or eliminate various risks. He also shows how companies can use the risk balance sheet to identify risks they should not bear directly and to determine how much equity capacity they can release for assuming more value-adding risk.
A 110W E-scooter Wireless Charger Operating at 6.78MHz with Ferrite Shielding (2021)

This paper reports on the design, construction and integration of a wireless inductive charging solution for an electric scooter, operating at a frequency of 6.78MHz and providing an output power of 110 W. With the use of a push-pull Class EF inverter at the transmit end, as well as ferrite shielding and a voltage-doubler full-wave Class D rectifier at the receive end, this system achieved a DC-DC IPT efficiency of 69%-75% and exhibited good tolerance to misalignment at full charging power.
Renal effects of a novel endogenous natriuretic agent xanthurenic acid 8-o-β-d-glucoside in rats (2013)

Xanthurenic acid 8-o-β-d-glucoside is an endogenous derivative of tryptophan metabolism, isolated from urine of patients with chronic renal disease. This compound was suggested previously to act as a natriuretic hormone based on its ability to block short circuit currents in a frog skin assay and to induce a sustained natriuresis when injected into rats (C. D. Cain et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007: 17873-17878). The present communication describes the effects of the compound on renal clearance and hemodynamic parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a normal salt (0.4-0.5%) diet. Intravenous administration of synthetic xanthurenic acid 8-o-β-d-glucoside in two consecutive incremental doses (6.3 and 31.5 nmol) resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05), in urine flow (43.91 ± 6.31 μL/min vs. 10.54 ± 2.21 μL/min), absolute rate of sodium excretion (3.99 ± 0.95 μEq/min vs. 1.15 ± μEq/min), and percentage sodium excretion (1.63 ± 0.46% vs. 0.37 ± 0.12%, peak response vs. baseline, respectively). The natriuretic/diuretic effect was associated also with a significant increase in potassium excretion. These effects were not related to changes in renal hemodynamics or in arterial blood pressure. Pretreatment with the sodium channel blocker, amiloride, completely abolished the natriuretic and kaluretic actions of the compound. Administration of the xanthurenic acid derivative caused a dose-related increase in urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion. Moreover, under chronic nitric oxide blockade by l-NG-Nitro-Arginine-Methyl-Esther (l-NAME) sodium excretion was similar in rats treated or untreated with the compound. Our data demonstrate that xanthurenic acid 8-o-β-d-glucoside has significant diuretic/natriuretic and kaluretic properties. An intact amiloride-sensitive sodium channel is required for the renal effects of the compound. The data further suggest that the natriuretic effect is mediated in part by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.
MEMS-Based Test Structures for IC Technology (1998)

Abstract As Integrated Circuit (IC) device sizes shrink, intrinsic and thermo-mechanical stress in interconnects is an ever increasing reliability concern. Increasing device density leads to more interconnect layers and hence, greater probability of stress related failure through mechanisms such as electromigration, delamination and voids. Current state-of-the-art IC technology uses 5 interconnect layers. According to the 1997 SIA Roadmap, that number is expected to increase to 9 by the year 2012 [1]. As a result, methods to measure, model and reduce stresses in interconnects are needed to manufacture reliable, future generation IC’s.
Fluorescence Photobleaching of ALA‐induced Protoporphyrin IX during Photodynamic Therapy of Normal Hairless Mouse Skin: The Effect of Light Dose and Irradiance and the Resulting Biological Effect (1998)

The photobleaching of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was investigated during superficial photodynamic therapy (PDT) in normal skin of the SKH HR1 hairless mouse. The effects of light dose and fluence rate on the dynamics and magnitude of photobleaching and on the corresponding PDT-induced damage were examined. The results show that the PDT damage cannot be predicted by the total light dose. Photobleaching was monitored over a wide range of initial PpIX fluorescence intensities. The rate of PpIX photobleaching is not a simple function of fluence rate but is dependent on the initial concentration of sensitizer. Also, at high fluence rates (50-150 mW/cm2, 514 nm) oxygen depletion is shown to have a significant effect. The rate of photobleaching with respect to light dose and the corresponding PDT damage both increase with decreasing fluence rate. We therefore suggest that the definition of a bleaching dose as the light dose that causes a 1/e reduction in fluorescence signal is insufficient to describe the dynamics of photobleaching and PDT-induced damage. We have detected the formation of PpIX photoproducts during the initial period of irradiation that were themselves subsequently photobleached. In the absence of oxygen, PpIX and its photoproducts are not photobleached. We present a method of calculating a therapeutic dose delivered during superficial PDT that demonstrates a strong correlation with PDT damage.
Vehicular Communication: Enhanced Networking Through Dynamic Spectrum Access (2013)

In this article, the viability of performing dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in vehicular wireless communication networks is presented using actual spectrum occupancy measurements of broadcast television (TV) channels, as well as a custom-written computer simulation software package designed to evaluate at-scale vehicular networking deployments. In a world that is extensively dependent on access to information, reliable wireless communications serve a vital role in facilitating everyday activities taken for granted by modern society. Activities such as financial transactions, public safety operations, educational programs, national defense, and social interactions require some form of wireless communications to enable information exchange. One sector that is increasingly employing wireless communications is the automotive industry. Whether it is vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) information exchanges, innovations in enabling vehicular wireless communications have the potential to enhance the driving experience, especially with respect to increasing driver awareness and situation perception to ensure overall vehicular safety.
A New Fractionation and Recovery Method of Viral Genomes Based on Nucleic Acid Composition and Structure Using Tandem Column Chromatography (2015)

Metagenomic studies have revealed the unexplored diversity of the environmental virosphere. However, most studies are biased towards specific types of viral genomes due to the absence of universal methods to access all viral genome types. In the present study, we established a novel system to efficiently separate single- and double-stranded DNA/RNA viral genomes using hydroxyapatite and cellulose chromatography. This method will allow us to quantitatively and simultaneously access four types of viral genomes and will provide important clues to further understand previously unexplored environmental viral populations and obtain potentially unbiased libraries from environmental viral communities.
THE OXYNITRATION OF BENZENE TO 2,4-DINITROPHENOL1 (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE OXYNITRATION OF BENZENE TO 2,4-DINITROPHENOL1W. E. BACHMANN, J. M. CHEMERDA, N. C. DENO, and E. C. HORNINGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1948, 13, 3, 390–394Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01161a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01161a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence analysis and comparison of avian hepatitis E viruses from Australia and Europe indicate the existence of different genotypes (2009)

Avian hepevirus infections were detected in chickens suffering from big liver and spleen disease or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in Australia, the USA and Europe. Available data indicate their genetic relationship to mammalian hepatitis E virus (HEV). In the present study, the near-complete genomic sequences of an Australian and a European isolate of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) are reported for the first time. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship to other avian HEVs is determined. Sequence analyses of these isolates identified major genetic differences among avian HEVs. Most of them are located within the open reading frame (ORF)1 region, although only a few lie within conserved motifs of predicted domains. Non-silent mutations in the ORF2 region suggest the presence of potentially different epitopes among avian HEV isolates. Finally, phylogenetic analysis confirmed the distant relationship to mammalian HEV and additionally suggested that the avian HEVs can be separated into three different genotypes: 1 (Australia), 2 (USA) and 3 (Europe), indicating a geographical distribution pattern.
Association of Sleep Time With Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (2005)

A sleep duration of 6 hours or less or 9 hours or more is associated with increased prevalence of DM and IGT. Because this effect was present in subjects without insomnia, voluntary sleep restriction may contribute to the large public health burden of DM.
A generalized Kirkwood implicit solvent for the polarizable AMOEBA protein model (2023)

Computational simulation of biomolecules can provide important insights into protein design, protein-ligand binding interactions, and ab initio biomolecular folding, among other applications. Accurate treatment of the solvent environment is essential in such applications, but the use of explicit solvents can add considerable cost. Implicit treatment of solvent effects using a dielectric continuum model is an attractive alternative to explicit solvation since it is able to describe solvation effects without the inclusion of solvent degrees of freedom. Previously, we described the development and parameterization of implicit solvent models for small molecules. Here, we extend the parameterization of the generalized Kirkwood (GK) implicit solvent model for use with biomolecules described by the AMOEBA force field via the addition of corrections to the calculation of effective radii that account for interstitial spaces that arise within biomolecules. These include element-specific pairwise descreening scale factors, a short-range neck contribution to describe the solvent-excluded space between pairs of nearby atoms, and finally tanh-based rescaling of the overall descreening integral. We then apply the AMOEBA/GK implicit solvent to a set of ten proteins and achieve an average coordinate root mean square deviation for the experimental structures of 2.0 Å across 500 ns simulations. Overall, the continued development of implicit solvent models will help facilitate the simulation of biomolecules on mechanistically relevant timescales.
Hardware acceleration in commercial databases: a case study of spatial operations (2004)

Traditional databases have focused on the issue of reducing I/O cost as it is the bottleneck in many operations. As databases become increasingly accepted in areas such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Bioinformatics, commercial DBMS need to support data types for complex data such as spatial geometries and protein structures. These non-conventional data types and their associated operations present new challenges. In particular, the computational cost of some spatial operations can be orders of magnitude higher than the I/O cost. In order to improve the performance of spatial query processing, innovative solutions for reducing this computational cost are beginning to emerge.
Encapsulated Islet Transplantation: Strategies and Clinical Trials (2013)

Encapsulation of tissue has been an area of intense research with a myriad number of therapeutic applications as diverse as cancer, tissue regeneration, and diabetes. In the case of diabetes, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans containing insulin-producing beta cells has shown promise toward a cure. However, anti-rejection therapy that is needed to sustain the transplanted tissue has numerous adverse effects, and the islets might still be damaged by immune processes. Furthermore, the profound scarcity of healthy human donor organs restricts the availability of islets for transplant. Islet encapsulation allows the protection of this tissue without the use of toxic medications, while also expanding the donor pool to include animal sources. Before the widespread application of this therapy, there are still issues that need to be resolved. There are many materials that can be used, differing shapes and sizes of capsules, and varied sources of islets to name a few variables that need to be considered. In this review, the current options for capsule generation, past animal and human studies, and future directions in this area of research are discussed.
Epidemiology of Childhood Blindness and Low Vision in Kinshasa–democratic Republic of the Congo (2019)

<b>Purpose</b>: To determine the magnitude and causes of blindness and low vision in children in Kinshasa.<b>Methods</b>: A study was conducted to carry out a survey in 96 health areas in Kinshasa city. Children aged less than 16 years old with supposed visual problems (Visual acuity < 6/18) were identified by volunteers and surveyors in households and were thereafter examined by two ophthalmologists. Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision were determined. For each child, anatomic sites of abnormality, etiologic factors and avoidable causes responsible for visual impairment were considered.<b>Results</b>: Thirty-six children with bilateral visual impairment were identified, including 10 cases of blindness and 26 cases of low vision. The prevalence of blindness and low vision was, respectively, 0.08% [95% CI 0.04-0.14] and 0.19% [95% CI 0.13-0.28].Optic nerve and whole globe were the main anatomical sites responsible for blindness in, respectively, in 30% and 20%. Optic nerve atrophy and glaucoma were the leading causes of childhood blindness. The globe apparently normal (50%), uvea (12%) and cornea (12%) were the most common anatomic site responsible for low vision with refractive errors (42%) and uveitis (12%) as the main causes. Childhood and hereditary factors accounted for, respectively, 16.7% and 13.9% of low vision cases. Visual impairment was due to avoidable causes in 69.4% of children.<b>Conclusion</b>: Damage to the optic nerve and refractive errors were respectively the maincauses of blindness and low vision among children in Kinshasa.
215405 Towards Product Sound Design using Harmonic Feature of Peak Tones in Noise (2011)

In the design of matured product, it is important to design a product sound as a kansei(affective) quality. Most of product sounds have ultiple tones e.g. harmonic overtones caused by frequency of fans. In the music theory, tones have chords. People often feel comfortable in chordal tones. The authors assume that chordal harmony in machine sound improves the product kansei quality. To verify the assumption, we synthesized product sound samples (vacuum cleaner) having different tone frequencies and powers. Using the synthesized samples, we conducted kansei evaluation experiments. The result shows that the chordal features of tones are effective to improve product kansei quality.
The clinical and molecular genetic studies of Kennedy's disease (2013)

Objective To discuss the clinical features and diagnosis of Kennedy disease.Methods three patients were clinically diagnosed as having Kennedy disease on the basis of their clinical features including slowing progression of disease,symptoms,nervous system signs,electromyography and nerve conduction velocity results and family history.Their CAG number from the repetitive CAG sequence in the first exon of androgen receptor gene was determined suing PCR.Results Patients were mainly presented with the lower motor neuron damage in the proximal limb and bulbar,including muscle atrophy,weakness and tremors of limbs.Additional symptoms were tongue muscle atrophy and dysarthria.Some patients had increased endocrine symptoms and significantly high levels of serum creatine kinase.EMG detected a widespread neuronal damage and decreased amplitude of SCV in all cases.There was a loss of myelinated fiber in nerve biosy.The CAG repeat number in AR gene was from 48 to 58,respectively.Conclusions There are relatively unique clinical,neuropathysiological and neuropathological characteristics of KD,and its definite diagnosis should be made by genetic analysis.

Key words: 
Kennedy's;  Gene analysis;  Androgen receptor gene
New Directions: The Ruined Cottage (2002)

The next two chapters consider a collection of poems, the Lyrical Ballads, first published in 1798, and a single poem, The Ruined Cottage, that remained in fragmentary form from 1797 until 1814, when it was published under another name as the first Book of The Excursion. Lyrical Ballads is universally recognised as Words-worth's first major poetic achievement; The Ruined Cottage is by comparison a ghost text. The discussion in both chapters will be guided in part by speculation on the significance of each for Wordsworth, and by considering how literary criticism subsequently came to regard them. In their introduction to the Cornell edition of Lyrical Ballads (1992), James Butler and Karen Green make the point (in common with a good many other recent Wordsworth scholars) that the Ballads were not a carefully planned aesthetic experiment. The lengthy Preface which Wordsworth added to the second augmented edition of 1800 (and then proceeded to expand for subsequent printings) most certainly did elevate the collection to the level of a coherently organised anthology, one which has now been recognised as a defining document for the study of English Romanticism. In addition to the Preface, Coleridge's reminiscences of the origins of Lyrical Ballads in his Biographia Literaria (1817) are often referred to as confirmation of the fact that there was a carefully worked out plan for putting together a collection of contrasting poems.1KeywordsLiterary CriticismAesthetic ExperimentParadise LostFragmentary FormHigh Social StandingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.