gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Hermite models for ECG data compression: performance and evaluation with automatic wave detection (2002)

An orthogonal transformation based on Hermite functions is proposed as a method for ECG data compression. In order to apply the procedure four signal windows are selected in each beat, corresponding to the principal ECG features: P wave, QRS complex, ST segment and T wave. The performance of the method is analysed calculating the compression ratio (CR) and the relative mean-square error (MSE) in each window and in the whole beat. The method has been applied to ECG records from MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. In normal beats with a CR=11.6, the authors have obtained a MSE=(0.09/spl plusmn/0.02)%. In ECG signals containing normal beats and multiform PVCs a MSE=(0.56/spl plusmn/3.41)% is obtained, with a CR=10.3. To analyse the clinical applicability of the method, the algorithm was evaluated with an automatic wave detection program. Differences between the automatic measures in the original signal and in the reconstructed signal were compared and shown a good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Feasibility and effects of the semirecumbent position to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: A randomized study* (2006)

The targeted backrest elevation of 45 degrees for semirecumbent positioning was not reached in the conditions of the present randomized study. The achieved difference in treatment position (28 degrees vs. 10 degrees ) did not prevent the development of VAP.
Development of the Miniature Ion Propulsion System for 50 kg Small Spacecraft (2012)

A miniature ion propulsion system is currently developed by the University of Tokyo collaborating with the Next Generation Space Technology Research Association (NESTRA) in Japan. This miniature propulsion system is intended for the installation on 50 kg small spacecraft HODOYOSHI-4 developed by NESTRA under the Japanese government funded project, New Paradigm of Space Development and Utilization by Nano-satellite. Up to date, bread board models and engineering models of the each component has been developed and the coupling test between those are performed. The specifications of the propulsion system is currently evaluated as the weight of 6.0 kg (dry:5.0 kg), volume of 35×30×15 cm3, power consumption of 20 W, and thrust of 260 μN with specific impulse of 1170s.
A SPR biosensor based on signal amplification using antibody-QD conjugates for quantitative determination of multiple tumor markers (2016)

The detection of tumor markers is very important in early cancer diagnosis; however, tumor markers are usually present at very low concentrations, especially in the early stages of tumor development. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is widely used to detect biomolecular interactions; it has inherent advantages of being high-throughput, real-time, and label-free technique. However, its sensitivity needs essential improvement for practical applications. In this study, we developed a signal amplification strategy using antibody-quantum dot (QD) conjugates for the sensitive and quantitative detection of α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) in clinical samples. The use of a dual signal amplification strategy using AuNP-antibody and antibody-QD conjugates increased the signal amplification by 50-folds. The constructed SPR biosensor showed a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/mL for AFP, CEA, and CYFRA 21-1. Moreover, the results obtained using this SPR biosensor were consistent with those obtained using the electrochemiluminescence method. Thus, the constructed SPR biosensor provides a highly sensitive and specific approach for the detection of tumor markers. This SPR biosensor can be expected to be readily applied for the detection of other tumor markers and can offer a potentially powerful solution for tumor screening.
Infrared Spectra of Urea Complexes of Copper(II) n-Alkanoates (1966)

Abstract The infrared absorption spectra of various urea complexes of copper(II) carboxylates were recorded and the assignments of observed frequencies have been carried out to various modes of vibration. On the basis of comparison of the observed spectra with those of related compounds, it is concluded that copper(II) carboxylate monoureas and hemiureas form dimer molecules in crystals as in copper(II) acetate monohydrate, that copper(II) formate bisurea dihydrate has a crystal structure bearing resemblance to that of copper(II) formate tetrahydrate, and that urea molecules in these urea complexes are involved in bonding by electrostatic forces or hydrogen bondings instead of being bonded to copper atoms by coordination bonds.
Reply to Letter (2014)

University of Toronto, Surgical Resident, General Surgery, Toronto, ON, Canada [email protected] University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Disclosure: There are no conflicts of interest or sources of funding for this letter. The original study was supported by Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) Fellowship Award and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada Studies in Med-ical Education Fellowship.
The emergence of proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 as a novel target for the treatment of inflammation‐related CNS disorders (2007)

The signalling molecules that are involved in inflammatory pathways are now thought to play a part in many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In common with peripheral chronic inflammatory diseases such a rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis, evidence now exists for the involvement of inflammatory cytokines, for example tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins (IL), in neurological disorders. A common factor observed with the up-regulation of these cytokines in peripheral inflammatory diseases, is the increased expression of the proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) subtype PAR-2. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that targeting PAR-2 helps reduce joint swelling observed in animal models of arthritis. So could targeting this receptor prove to be useful in treating those CNS disorders where inflammatory processes are thought to play an intrinsic role? The aim of this review is to summarize the emerging data regarding the role of PAR-2 in neuroinflammation and ischaemic injury and discuss its potential as an exciting new target for the prevention and/or treatment of CNS disorders.
Human-observer LROC study of lesion detection in Ga-67 SPECT images reconstructed using MAP with anatomical priors (2006)

We compare the image quality of SPECT reconstruction with and without an anatomical prior. Area under the localization-response operating characteristic (LROC) curve is our figure of merit. Simulated Ga-67 citrate images, a SPECT lymph-nodule imaging agent, were generated using the MCAT digital phantom. Reconstructed images were read by human observers.Several reconstruction strategies are compared, including rescaled block iterative (RBI) and maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) with various priors. We find that MAP reconstruction using prior knowledge of organ and lesion boundaries significantly improves lesion-detection performance (p < 0.05). Pseudo-lesion boundaries, regions without increased uptake which are incorrectly treated as prior knowledge of lesion boundaries, do not decrease performance.
The Economic Development Process in the Middle East and North Africa (2013)

Offering a comprehensive analysis of the development of economies in the Middle East and North Africa over the past half century, this book charts the progress of these countries through an examination of an Islamic model of economic development, reform processes, and economic integration. Far from being a simple process, economic development in the Middle East and North Africa is dependent on the interaction of a set of changing systems including; international relations, the political regime, economy, and society. By analysing these interdependent factors, The Economic Development Process in MENA seeks to provide answers to the most pressing issues facing the economies in this area. Providing an interpretation of regional development in light of dialectics between state and society, this book will be of value to students and scholars with an interest in the Middle East, Economics, and International Relations.
Computer Aided Bearing Design and Analysis (2002)

I have written a program using visual basic called Bearing Design. Students in a machine elements course will use the program to size and select bearings. The program is written to aid students in the understanding of bearing design. The program is part of a series of programs used to assist the students in learning how to design and select machine components. Some of the other programs used are Designing Spur Gears and Sizing Belt Drives Components.
Prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in first-degree relatives of patients with aneurysms (2002)

The authors conclude that first-degree relatives of patients with aneurysms are at higher risk for harboring an intracranial aneurysm.
Local Navigation: Obstacle Avoidance (2017)

A mobile robot navigating to a goal will encounter obstacles that must be avoided. Obstacle avoidance is presented in the context of wall following: moving around the wall of the obstacle until it no longer prevents access to the goal. Three algorithms are presented: simple wall following which fails in the presence of multiple obstacles, wall following with direction that also fails for certain obstacles and the Pledge algorithm which can avoid these obstacles. To demonstrate finding a path to a goal, an algorithm is presented that is based upon the behavior of a colony of ants searching for a food source even though they do not know its location. A probabilistic model explains the success of the algorithm.
Effects of Potato Protein Isolated Using Ethanol on the Gelation and Anti-Proteolytic Properties in Pacific Whiting Surimi (2022)

Pacific whiting is a primary species utilized for surimi processing in the Pacific Northwest of the US. However, endogenous protease in Pacific whiting surimi deteriorates the quality during slow cooking. The demand for clean-labeled and economically competitive protease inhibitors has been increasing. In the present study, the anti-proteolytic effect of potato protein isolate (PPI), a by-product from the potato starch industry, prepared using 20% ethanol on the endogenous protease activity of Pacific whiting (PW) surimi was investigated. The ohmic heating method was carried out for a better assessment of the anti-proteolytic activity of inhibitors. A factorial design was carried out in which the independent variables were the four types of inhibitors and their concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) at two heating conditions. The heating condition was used as a blocking factor. All experiments were randomized within each block. The addition of 2% PPI which demonstrated the highest anti-proteolytic activity among five different concentrations significantly increased the breaking force, penetration distance, and water retention ability of PW surimi gel as the endogenous proteases were effectively inhibited when heated ohmically at 60 °C for 30 min prior to heating up to 90 °C. In addition, SDS-PAGE disclosed that PPI successfully retained the intensity of myofibrillar heavy chain (MHC) protein of PW surimi gels even under the condition at which proteases could be activated at 60 °C. The whiteness of gels was not negatively affected by the addition of PPI. Comparing all samples, a denser and more ordered microstructure was obtained when PPI was added. A similar trend was found from the fractal dimension (<i>Df</i>) of the PPI-added gel's microstructure. Therefore, PPI could be an effective and non-allergenic protease inhibitor in PW surimi leading to retaining the integrity of high gel quality.
Energy Efficient Computing R&D Roadmap Outline for Automated Vehicles (2021)

Automated vehicles (AV) hold great promise for improving safety, as well as reducing congestion and emissions. In order to make automated vehicles commercially viable, a reliable and highperformance vehicle-based computing platform that meets ever-increasing computational demands will be key. Given the state of existing digital computing technology, designers will face significant challenges in meeting the needs of highly automated vehicles without exceeding thermal constraints or consuming a large portion of the energy available on vehicles, thus reducing range between charges or refills. The accompanying increases in energy for AV use will place increased demand on energy production and distribution infrastructure, which also motivates increasing computational energy efficiency.
INCREASED INCIDENCE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (2005)

Matrix Metalloprotein (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane proteins. Dysregulated degradation of ECM is characteristic of a number of pathologic conditions including cancer. It has been suggested that MMPs may also play a role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) by mediating the mucosal breakdown in response to the inflammatory cascade. We have previously demonstrated that urinary MMPs are independent predictors of disease status in cancer patients. We therefore hypothesized that urinary MMPs may also be markers of disease activity in patients with IBD. In this study, we analyzed 56 urine samples that were collected prospectively from 28 subjects with known or suspected IBD who presented to the endoscopy unit for colonoscopic evaluation. Urinary MMPs were analyzed in patients with IBD by zymography and compared to 28 age, sex-matched controls. The percentage of subjects with elevated urinary MMP levels differed significantly (P < 0.0001) in patients with IBD and each IBD subgroup (Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis) compared to controls. Multiple logistic regression revealed that expression of MMP-2 (P = 0.005) and MMP-9 NGAL (P < 0.0001) are significantly higher in patients with IBD, independent of age and gender. Estimated odds of having IBD are over 16 times higher for individuals who are positive for MMP-2 (odds ratio = 16.8, lower 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4) and over 100 times higher in those positive for MMP-9 NGAL (odds ratio = 105.6, lower 95% CI = 12.3). These data are the first demonstration that the presence of urinary MMPs can predict disease status in patients with IBD and may therefore represent novel non-invasive biomarkers of this disease. [Supported by NIH/NIDDK T32 DK007477 (W.I. Lencer), 2PO1CA45548 (M. A. Moses)].
Negative Feedback Regulation following Administration of Chronic Exogenous Corticosterone (1995)

Administration of exogenous glucocorticoids is known to suppress the HPA axis and has been reported to occupy brain glucocorticoid receptors, eventually leading to down-regulation. To determine the effects of chronic corticosterone administration on HPA axis function, corticosterone was administered as both 25% and 50% corticosterone/cholesterol pellets. Rats were sacrificed 6 days after corticosterone pellet implantation. The 25% corticosterone pellets produced a small increase in morning corticosterone concentrations but no change in evening ACTH or corticosterone secretion. The 50% corticosterone pellets produced constant corticosterone concentrations of 5-6 micrograms/dl, with no circadian variation in corticosterone, indicating inhibition of evening ACTH and corticosterone secretion. The 25% corticosterone pellets produced no significant decrease in thymus weight or in adrenal weight; 50% corticosterone pellets produced significant decreases in thymus weight and adrenal weight. Neither 25% nor 50% corticosterone pellets produced significant decreases in GR in hippocampus and cortex. The 50% corticosterone pellets treatment resulted in a decrease in anterior pituitary POMC mRNA levels, a decrease in baseline and oCRH stimulated ACTH release from the anterior pituitary, and a near complete inhibition of the AM and PM response to restraint stress. These results suggest that: 1) the HPA axis was able to adjust to the small increase in glucocorticoids produced by the 25% cort pellets with minimal disturbances in function and 2) 50% corticosterone pellets exert a significant inhibitory effect on stress and diurnal ACTH secretion which appears to be exerted at the pituitary as well as possible inhibitory effects on brain.
Measuring similarity of windows applications using static and dynamic birthmarks (2013)

A software birthmark is unique, as certain native characteristics of a program, hence can be used to measure the similarity between programs. In general, a static software birthmark does not need program execution, but is more vulnerable to attacks by semantic-preserving transformations. A dynamic software birthmark is applicable to packed executables, but cannot cover all the possible program paths. In this paper, we propose a novel effective technique to measure the similarity of Microsoft Windows applications using both static and dynamic birthmarks, which are based on the list of system APIs as well as the frequency of system API calls. Because system APIs are located in Windows system directories and act as a bridge between applications and the operating system, our birthmarks are resilient to obfuscations and compiler optimizations. A static birthmark consists of the system API call frequency of a target program, which can be extracted by scanning the executable file. A dynamic birthmark is the frequency of system API function calls, which can be extracted by a binary instrumentation tool during the execution of the program. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we compare various types of Windows applications using both the static and dynamic birthmarks. To demonstrate the robustness, we compare packed executables that were compressed by a binary packing tool. We carry out additional experiments for measuring the similarity between target Windows applications at the source code level and verify the evaluation results. The experimental results show that our birthmarks can effectively measure the similarity between Windows applications, as intended.
Innovative stereoscopic display using variable polarized angle (2006)

PolarScreens, with the collaboration of MacNaughton Inc., has developed a stereoscopic display that has the unique advantage of displaying two images without multiplexing whatsoever. Multiplexing means timesharing or pixel sharing between the left and right eyes. This effectively reduces resolution or brightness, and is subject to crosstalk. PolarScreens uses 2 LCD panels stacked on one another to avoid this. Instead of using an LCD to block a specific eye, PolarScreens uses the second LCD to add extra information to the photon using a polar coordinate transformation algorithm. The first LCD controls total pixel intensity and the second controls left-eye/right-eye distribution ratio. This is the only technology where one photon carries the information for both eyes. The theoretical concept was proven in 1996. At the time many technologies needed were inadequate for a commercial product; LCDs were slow, had very small aperture and were very expensive. Electronics were too slow for real time transformation. Micro-optical technologies were at its beginning. The project was periodically re-activated in order to re-evaluate its feasibility. In 2002 it was determined that these technologies were mature enough to re-activate the project. Since then PolarScreens has worked on improving the technology and built many prototypes of different size ranging from 15in to 19in. As a result, today it is possible to manufacture a very high quality stereoscopic monitor based on PolarScreens technology at a reasonable price.
공립 유치원 모형 개발 연구 (1994)

This study intends to analyze the current status and problems of public kindergartens in Korea. The goal is to determine the types of kindergartens in Korea and develop management models for individual types of public kindergartens. A view of literature revealed the developmental process of public kindergartens in Korea and that of public kindergartens in other countries, where preschool education is considered part of public education. To diagnose the current status and problems of public kindergartens in Korea, 700 public kindergartens were surveyed by means of questionnaires. Researchers also made visits to public kindergartens to interview teaching staff and school inspectors and discuss the general educational conditions and management problems in public kindergartens. The results are as follows. 1. The educational environment(e.g.,classroom,toilet,playground)is so poor that normal classroom management is difficult. 2. A mixed-age-group class makes it difficult to carry out effective curriculum management. The lack of knowledge about kindergarten education on the part of the primary school principal, vice principal often creates communication problems among teaching staff. 3. Lack of financial support hinders the successful carrying out of educational activities. 4. Sinee the major concern of principal is primary school, the educational quality of public kindergarten is disregarded. Even though the principal is in charge of kindergarten with equal importance. Based on the above observations, the researchers established the following principles in developing models of public kindergartens. 1. Public kindergartens should be established in the areas where an increase in enrollment is expected. 2. If the current affiliation-system of public kindergarten should be maintained as it is, efforts should be made to improve the educational environment and strengthen financial and administrative support. Based on the above two principles, we determined the types of public kindergarten and developed management models for each type as follows.
Lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. III. Mechanism of action. (1975)

In vivo, at low concentrations (less than or equal to 1 mug/ml), the antibiotic lipiarmycin specifically inhibits RNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. At a much higher concentration (100 mug/ml), syntheses of other macromolecules such as DNA and protein also appear to be suppressed. In vitro, the antibiotic caused 50% inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase from B. subtilis at a concentration of 0.6 mug/ml and of that E. coli at 5 approximately 8 mug/ml. The activity of Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase I is inhibited 50% at 55 approximately 65 mug/ml. Lipiarmycin prevent ribonucleoside triphosphate polymerization only if added prior to the association between RNA-polymerase and DNA, and does not affect the elongation rate of RNA chains at concentrations up to 100 mug/ml. At that concentration, however, the antibiotic immediately blocks the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates catalyzed by DNA-polymerase I.