gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE COSTS OF TRAFFIC NOISE ABATEMENT (1976)

A comparison is made of the costs of (1) noise screens and dikes (2) sound insulation improvement of houses and (3) keeping a distance between highways and houses as measures for traffic noise abatement. It appears that no one type of measure can be regarded as the cheapest in all circumstances and that, depending on the type of urban structure, screens, insulation, or a combination will be the best choice, especially in existing situations. For new planning an important conclusion is that lowest costs are needed when a first row of specially insulated houses acts as a noise screen for the greater part of the area. /TRRL/
Multimode interferometers for integrated transceivers on 250 nm SOI platform (2020)

Multimode interferometers (MMIs) are key components for high-performance transceivers in upgrading the data transmission of future detector systems. According to their power splitting ratio, they are used in Mach-Zehnder modulators and for working point control, respectively. To meet with special requirements, we investigate MMIs with engineered refractive index where sub-wavelength gratings and shallow etching techniques were adopted. By engineering the refractive index of the relevant parts of MMIs, the on-chip footprint and the phase errors can be decreased dramatically, making them suitable for advanced silicon photonic integrated transceivers. These MMIs are compared to two MMIs designed using conventional methods and fabricated on a 250 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform.
Analytical Probability Distributions and EM-Learning for Deep Generative Networks (2020)

Deep Generative Networks (DGNs) with probabilistic modeling of their output and latent space are currently trained via Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). In the absence of a known analytical form for the posterior and likelihood expectation, VAEs resort to approximations, including (Amortized) Variational Inference (AVI) and Monte-Carlo (MC) sampling. We exploit the Continuous Piecewise Affine (CPA) property of modern DGNs to derive their posterior and marginal distributions as well as the latter's first moments. These findings enable us to derive an analytical Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm that enables gradient-free DGN learning. We demonstrate empirically that EM training of DGNs produces greater likelihood than VAE training. Our findings will guide the design of new VAE AVI that better approximate the true posterior and open avenues to apply standard statistical tools for model comparison, anomaly detection, and missing data imputation.
Tailoring Polylactide Properties for Automotive Applications: Effects of Co-Addition of Halloysite Nanotubes and Selected Plasticizer (2015)

Among currently available bio-based polymers, polylactide (PLA) and its (nano)composites have interesting physical and mechanical properties (high tensile strength and stiffness, good processability, biodegradability …). However, they have relatively low thermal stability at high temperature, low toughness and are extremely brittle, all of these drawbacks being obstacles to their utilization in many engineering applications. In this study, PLA-halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites are modified by co-addition of a plasticizer (tributyl citrate (TBC)), aiming at reaching mechanical properties suitable for automotive applications. Properties of nanocomposites at different plasticizer contents are characterized with the aim to reach the best compromise between high tensile and flexural strengths and rigidities (ascribed to the matrix and HNT) and impact resistance, ductility, crystallization rat,e and degree of crystallinity, in particular. Results show that plasticized PLA-HNT nanocomposites are very interesting bio-based alternatives for automotive applications, when the plasticizer content is carefully chosen.
A New Nine-Level Active NPC (ANPC) Converter for Grid Connection of Large Wind Turbines for Distributed Generation (2010)

Wind power is one of the most promising emerging renewable energy technologies for distributed generation (DG). In this paper, a new nine-level active neutral-point-clamped (9L ANPC) converter is proposed for the grid connection of large wind turbines (WTs) to improve the waveform quality of the converter output voltage and current. Therefore, the bulky passive grid filters can be reduced or even removed. The topology, operating principles, control schemes, and main features, as well as semiconductor device selection of the proposed converter are presented in detail. The floating capacitor voltage control based on redundant switching states and capacitor prioritization is detailed. A comparison between the new topology and other existing 9L topologies is presented to illustrate the characteristics and performance of the new converter. The proposed 9L ANPC converter is studied in the case of the grid connection of a 6-MW WT without using passive grid filters in DG systems. Simulation and experiment results are presented to validate the proposed converter topology and control schemes. The proper operation and the compliance to the harmonic limit standards of the filterless grid-connected WT system are verified by simulation results.
Disposal of tritium-exposed metal hydrides (1991)

A plan has been established for disposal of tritium-exposed metal hydrides used in Savannah River Site (SRS) tritium production or Materials Test Facility (MTF) R&D operations. The recommended plan assumes that the first tritium-exposed metal hydrides will be disposed of after startup of the Solid Waste Disposal Facility (SWDF) Expansion Project in 1992, and thus the plan is consistent with the new disposal requiremkents that will be in effect for the SWDF Expansion Project. Process beds containing tritium-exposed metal hydride powder will be disposed of without removal of the powder from the bed; however, disposal of tritium-exposed metal hydride powder that has been removed from its process vessel is also addressed.
Biochemistry of microbial itaconic acid production (2013)

Itaconic acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid which has a high potential as a biochemical building block, because it can be used as a monomer for the production of a plethora of products including resins, plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers. Some Aspergillus species, like A. itaconicus and A. terreus, show the ability to synthesize this organic acid and A. terreus can secrete significant amounts to the media (>80 g/L). However, compared with the citric acid production process (titers >200 g/L) the achieved titers are still low and the overall process is expensive because purified substrates are required for optimal productivity. Itaconate is formed by the enzymatic activity of a cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) encoded by the cadA gene in A. terreus. Cloning of the cadA gene into the citric acid producing fungus A. niger showed that it is possible to produce itaconic acid also in a different host organism. This review will describe the current status and recent advances in the understanding of the molecular processes leading to the biotechnological production of itaconic acid.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRODEIONISATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES (1960)

The movement of wastes through soil and by ground water was studied in Perch Lake Swamp in the Chalk River Project area (C.J.G.)
Closing wedge patellar osteotomy in combination with trochleoplasty (2011)

Sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty may result in a serious patellofemoral incongruence in cases where the patella also is highly dysplastic. In such cases, a closing wedge osteotomy of the patella may be considered. The technique was used in two patients (both female, 16 1/2 and 14 years old respectively) out of 85 trochleoplasties performed. At two years follow-up, both patients showed a stable patella with correct tracking. Both considered their functional result as excellent. Postoperative radiographs showed a normal sulcus angle (135 degrees and 132 degrees) with good congruence. Closing wedge patellar osteotomy, combined with sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty, can increase patellofemoral congruence with good clinical outcome.
Monitoring Network Data to Detect IP Security Violations. (2006)

We propose a method of detecting security violations by monitoring IP address space usage at per interface level. Abnormal increases in the unique number of destination IP addresses seen over some fixed time intervals usually indicate scanning activities. An increase in the number of unique source IP addresses could indicate address spoofing. The data used are flow level data collected over some peering links. We discuss in this paper the method developed to monitor the use of IP address space to alert for suspicious activities, such as scanning and possible IP address spoofing. We illustrate the idea of using IP graph to visually display the IP address space usage, and discuss the statistical approaches that can be applied for anomaly detection. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we show how some scans are detected.
Learning to Estimate Indoor Lighting from 3D Objects (2018)

In this work, we propose a step towards a more accurate prediction of the environment light given a single picture of a known object. To achieve this, we develop a deep learning method that is able to encode the latent space of indoor lighting using few parameters that is trained on a database of environment maps. This latent space is then used to generate predictions of the light that are both more realistic and accurate than previous methods. Our first contribution is a deep autoencoder which is capable of learning the feature space that compactly models lighting. Our second contribution is a convolutional neural network that predicts the light from a single image of a known object. To train these networks, our third contribution is a novel dataset that contains 21,000 HDR indoor environment maps. Finally, we evaluate our method on a dataset of synthetic objects and find it to outperform the state-of-the-art techniques across a variety of materials and poses.
DNA methylation profiles of long- and short-term glioblastoma survivors (2013)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor in adults and prognosis of most GBM patients is poor. However, a small percentage of patients show a long term survival of 36 mo or longer after diagnosis. Epigenetic profiles can provide molecular markers for patient prognosis: recently, a G-CIMP positive phenotype associated with IDH1 mutations has been described for GBMs with good prognosis. In the present analysis we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of short-term survivors (STS; overall survival < 1 y) and long-term survivors (LTS; overall survival > 3 y) by utilizing the HumanMethylation450K BeadChips to assess quantitative methylation at > 480,000 CpG sites. Cluster analysis has shown that a subset of LTS showed a G-CIMP positive phenotype that was tightly associated with IDH1 mutation status and was confirmed by analysis of the G-CIMP signature genes. Using high stringency criteria for differential hypermethylation between non-cancer brain and tumor samples, we identified 2,638 hypermethylated CpG loci (890 genes) in STS GBMs, 3,101 hypermethylated CpG loci (1,062 genes) in LTS (wild type IDH1) and 11,293 hypermethylated CpG loci in LTS (mutated for IDH1), reflecting the CIMP positive phenotype. The location of differentially hypermethylated CpG loci with respect to CpG content, neighborhood context and functional genomic distribution was similar in our sample set, with the majority of CpG loci residing in CpG islands and in gene promoters. Our preliminary study also identified a set of CpG loci differentially hypermethylated between STS and LTS cases, including members of the homeobox gene family (HOXD8, HOXD13 and HOXC4), the transcription factors NR2F2 and TFAP2A, and Dickkopf 2, a negative regulator of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Nanocomposite Li-Ion Battery Anodes Produced by the Partial Reduction of Mixed Oxides (2001)

A method based on the thermochemical reduction of mixed oxides is demonstrated for creating ultrafine metal−ceramic composites for lithium storage. Mixed oxides containing a more noble metal, selected to be capable of alloying with lithium at potentials useful as a Li-ion battery anode, are partially reduced to form electrochemically active composites of the dispersed metal in a conductive oxide matrix. The starting oxides SbVO4 rutile and Sb2Mn2O7 distorted fluorite are discussed as examples. Materials are characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM, and electrochemical tests are presented. Reversible charge capacities of 300−400 mAh/g (1800−2500 mAh/cm3) are shown to be possible in these systems.
Cross talk of shear-induced production of prostacyclin and nitric oxide in endothelial cells (2000)

We tested the hypothesis that vessel homeostasis is maintained through the cross talk of shear-induced production of prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO). Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to fluid shear stress at 15 dyn/cm(2) using a cone-plate device, and the concentrations of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) and NO metabolites (nitrate and nitrite) in the medium were measured with radioimmunoassay and the Greiss method, respectively. Compared with static control, shear stress increased cumulative prostacyclin production by twofold after 90 min of exposure. Inhibition of NO synthase enhanced flow-induced prostacyclin production by twofold without affecting the baseline production. Guanylyl cyclase inhibitor enhanced flow-induced prostacyclin production to the same degree. In contrast, a stable agonist of cGMP attenuated the rapid early phase of flow-dependent prostacyclin production. Shear-induced NO metabolite production was unaffected even after indomethacin inhibited prostacyclin production. We conclude that NO shows an inhibitory effect on prostacyclin production under shear stress and that vessel homeostasis may be maintained through an increase in prostacyclin production when NO synthesis is impaired in endothelial cells.
Vitamin C : new research (2006)

Vitamin C Substitution in Postoperative Intensive Care Patients: Indications and Limitations Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Okadaic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytoskeletal Alterations in an In Vitro Model Similar to Alzheimer's Disease in N1E-115 Neuroblastoma Cells The Potential Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Function in STZ -- Induced Diabetic Rats Vitamin C and Dental Health Interactions Between Ascorbic Acid and Flavonoids in the Redox Regulation of the Intra-Extra-Cellular Milieu Vitamins E and C for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Role of Ascorbate in Cellular Signalling in Plants Function of Ascorbic Acid as a Radical Scavenger in Plants.
IIP3 optimization through body biasing in Low Noise Amplifiers (2009)

This paper studies the effect of bulk control on the input third order intercept point (IIP3) of a CMOS Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) at RF frequencies. The circuit reveals an optimum bulk biasing at which a maximum IIP3 is achieved under low power consumption. The cascode LNA, here reported, operates at 2.4 GHz and is implemented in a 0.13 mum CMOS process. Supplied under 1.1V, it achieves nominal 13.86 dB gain and 3.23 dB noise figure (NF) for a 3mA current consumption. Tuning the bulk to source voltage to -0.55 V the IIP3 exhibits a maximum 6.63 dBm for a 1.1 mW overall power consumption. Whereas the gain and NF reach 8.2 dB and 4.8 dB respectively.
A Novel Nitric Oxide Releasing Prostaglandin Analog, NCX 125, Reduces Intraocular Pressure in Rabbit, Dog, and Primate Models of Glaucoma (2010)

NCX 125, a compound targeting 2 different mechanisms, is endowed with potent ocular hypotensive effects. This may lead to potential new perspectives in the treatment of patients at risk of glaucoma.
Immunogenicity of unprocessed and photooxidized bovine and human osteochondral grafts in collagen-sensitive mice (2006)

Both bovine and human cartilage grafts showed weak, but clear immunogenicity in the DBA/1LacJ mice, indicating that immunogenic collagen was still contained in the grafts, even after cleaning and photooxidation. The process of photooxidation is still important in osteochondral grafting, since it stabilizes the surface of the cartilage by cross-linking the collagen fibers, and allows for immediate load bearing and joint resurfacing.
Enterocolitis associated with Clostridium perfringens infection neonatal foals: 54 cases (1988–1997) (1998)

Objective To identify clinical signs, physical examination findings, results of diagnostic tests, treatments administered, and clinical outcome of neonatal foals with enterocolitis associated with Clostridium perfringens infection. Design Retrospective study. Animals 54 neonatal foals. Results Most foals had acute onset of obtunded mentation, colic, or diarrhea and developed leukopenia, neutropenia, an abnormally high number of band neutrophils, toxic WBC, and hypoproteinemia within 24 hours after admission, despite high serum lgG concentrations (&gt; 800 mg/dl). Abdominocentesis and abdominal radiography of some foals revealed exudative peritonitis and gaseous distention of the small and large intestine, respectively. Cytologic examination of feces revealed spores or gram-positive rods in 8 of 10 foals. The most common genotypes of C perfringens isolates were type A and C, alone or in combination. Treatment did not alter mortality rate for most foals that had a positive culture for C perfringens type C. Of 54 foals, 29 (54%) that had C perfringens -associated enterocolitis died. Foals that had a culture that yielded C perfringens had higher sepsis scores, IgG concentrations, and mortality rates, compared with the overall hospital population of neonatal foals. Clinical Implications Foals less than 7 days old that have enterocolitis associated with C perfringens infections, especially type C, have a guarded prognosis. Cytologic examination of feces to determine spore counts and detect rods may be a means for early identification of C perfringens infections. Polymerase chain reaction assays to determine genotype are important for designing preventive treatment regimens. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1751–1756)
Semiclassical representations of electronic structure and dynamics (2003)

We use a new formulation of the semiclassical coherent state propagator to derive and evaluate several different approximate representations of electron dynamics. For each representation we examine: (1) its ability to treat quantum effects and electron correlation, (2) its expected scaling with system size, and (3) the types of systems for which it can be used. We also apply two of the methods to a pair of model problems, namely the minimal basis electron dynamics in H2 and the magnetization dynamics in a cluster model of the Kagome lattice, in order to verify the feasibility of these approaches for realistic systems. Based on all these criteria, we find that the representation that takes the electron spins as the classical variables is particularly promising for the quantitative and qualitative description of large systems.
Therapeutic advances in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome over the past 40 years (2008)

Major therapeutic progress has been accomplished in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) over the past 40 years, which may not be fully appreciated by the larger medical community. The objective of this review was to briefly highlight the treatment breakthroughs in leukemia and MDS. Therapeutic progress happened through better understanding of disease pathophysiologies and rational development of targeted agents, like imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and through astute, empirical discoveries in the clinic, like all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and chlorodeoxyadenosine in hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Today, the 5- to 10-year survival rates in patients with APL and HCL exceed 80%. In patients with CML, imatinib therapy has been associated with estimated 5- to 7-year survival rates from 85% to 90%. In patients with adult acute lymphocytic leukemia, modern intensive regimens have improved the 5-year survival rates from 20% up to 40%. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chemoimmunotherapy recently produced high rates of quality responses and improved long-term outcome. In younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the 5-year survival rates range from 40% to 50%, although elderly AML remains a therapeutic challenge. In patients with MDS, it was recently demonstrated that epigenetic therapy with hypomethylating agents improved survival. Much therapeutic progress has been witnessed in leukemia and MDS, and much more is expected to occur soon.
Polyetherimide–silicone: a 10 μm ultrathin composite membrane for faster and more sensitive membrane introduction mass spectrometry analysis (1999)

A polyetherimide (polyester)/silicone (PEI/S) sheet composite membrane with a 10 µm thick cross-linked silicone layer is found to display the required mechanical properties to work efficiently as the solution/high vacuum interface in membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in water. Owing to much shorter response and recovery times, the PEI/S membrane allows much faster analysis and calibration procedures as compared to the 250 µm silicone membrane usually used in MIMS. When using EI, owing to excessive water permeation, responses (signal intensity) for the PEI/S membrane are not always superior, being analyte-dependent. For the more polar VOCs, however, the PEI/S membrane shows 2–3 times greater responses, improving their relatively poor MIMS detection limits. When water–methane chemical ionization is applied, the problem of excessive water permeation is attenuated, and the PEI/S membrane displays greatly superior responses.
Activity Recognition and Room-Level Tracking in an Office Environment (2006)

We present an approach for multi-person activity recognition in an office environment with simultaneous tracking of users on the room-level. Audio as well as video features, gathered from a simple setup, are used to employ a multilevel hidden Markov model (HMM) framework. Evaluation on unconstrained real world data recorded on several days in five offices with one camera and one microphone per room is presented for activity recognition. We track the users by a distributed camera network which has to cope with blind gaps between different camera views. For location estimation, we apply a Bayesian filter on top of the activity recognition results. Results on a dedicated tracking sequence of one hour length show the algorithm's performance