gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A repeatable and scalable fabrication method for sharp, hollow silicon microneedles (2018)

Scalability and manufacturability are impeding the mass commercialization of microneedles in the medical field. Specifically, microneedle geometries need to be sharp, beveled, and completely controllable, difficult to achieve with microelectromechanical fabrication techniques. In this work, we performed a parametric study using silicon etch chemistries to optimize the fabrication of scalable and manufacturable beveled silicon hollow microneedles. We theoretically verified our parametric results with diffusion reaction equations and created a design guideline for a various set of miconeedles (80–160 µm needle base width, 100–1000 µm pitch, 40–50 µm inner bore diameter, and 150–350 µm height) to show the repeatability, scalability, and manufacturability of our process. As a result, hollow silicon microneedles with any dimensions can be fabricated with less than 2% non-uniformity across a wafer and 5% deviation between different processes. The key to achieving such high uniformity and consistency is a non-agitated HF-HNO3 bath, silicon nitride masks, and surrounding silicon filler materials with well-defined dimensions. Our proposed method is non-labor intensive, well defined by theory, and straightforward for wafer scale mass production, opening doors to a plethora of potential medical and biosensing applications.
Analysis of multiuser MIMO systems with MMSE receiver based on worst case noise (2004)

The performance of a cellular multiuser MIMO system depends on various parameters, e.g. the system structure, the transmitter and receiver strategy, the channel state information at the transmitter and the receiver and the channel properties. Recently, the main focus of research was on single-user MIMO systems and its capacity and its error performance with space-time coding. In general, the performance of the cellular multiuser MIMO system is limited by additive white Gaussian noise, intracell interference from other users within the cell and by intercell interference from users outside the considered cell. In our analysis, the base applies a MMSE receiver. Therefore, we choose the normalised MSE as the performance metric of the wireless system. We study one point-to-point link, on which interference act. The interference models the different system scenarios and various parameters. Therefore, we consider three scenarios in which the noise is subject to different constraints. A general trace constraint is used in the first scenario. The noise covariance matrix eigenvalues are kept fixed in the second scenario and in the third scenario the entries on the diagonal of the noise covariance matrix are kept fix. We assume that the receiver as well as the transmitter have perfect channel state information. We solve the corresponding minimax programming problems and characterise the worst case noise and the optimal transmit strategy. In all scenarios the normalised MSE of the MIMO system with worst case noise is equal to the MSE of some MIMO system in which either the channels are orthogonal or the transmit antennas are not allowed to cooperate or in which no channel state information is available at the transmitter. Furthermore, the minimax expressions fulfill a saddle point property. All theoretical results are illustrated by examples and numerical simulations
Fiabilité des composants de puissance dans des environnements hautes températures (2006)

(ITCT 2006 - Journées internationales d'études Ingénieries des Technologies Communes aux Transports terrestres, maritimes, aériens et spatiaux, Paris, FRANCE, 20-/11/2006 - 23/11/2006
Indirect Unsuperivised Training of Backpropagation Nets. (1999)

FGFR gene alterations represent a target for treatment in clinical trials of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Little is known about their prognostic effect in patients with metastatic UC. We analyzed data for 112 patients treated with platinum-based first-line chemotherapy at our center between October 2011 and March 2017 and who were screened for the presence of FGFR mutations or gene fusions within multiple clinical trials with pan-FGFR inhibitors. Centralized targeted exome sequencing analyses were performed to detect multiple FGFR mutations and fusions. Cox regression analyses were performed, adjusting for recognized prognostic factors. Thirty-seven patients (33%) had upper tract UC (UTUC). A total of 22 patients (19.6%) had FGFR alterations and ten (8.9%) received salvage pan-FGFR inhibitor therapy. Thirty-two patients (45.4%) received salvage treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. FGFR alterations were more frequently observed in UTUC versus bladder UC (p=0.017). On multivariable analyses, FGFR alterations were not significantly associated with OS (p=0.860) or PFS (p=0.147) after first-line chemotherapy. PATIENT SUMMARY: In an original single-center study, FGFR gene alterations were not prognostic for either progression-free survival or overall survival in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. These results will be useful in interpreting findings from future clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AS DIENOPHILES IN THE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION (1982)

Abstract Review: Kurze Übersicht.
Methods of Analysis (1989)

In Chap. 4 we described fundamentals for the analysis of metal-forming processes and derived some useful principles.
Supplementary Methods S1 from Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of MUC1 Peptide Vaccine for Prevention of Recurrent Colorectal Adenoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplementary methods: trial administration&lt;/p&gt;
The Artemiside-Artemisox-Artemisone-M1 Tetrad: Efficacies against Blood Stage P. falciparum Parasites, DMPK Properties, and the Case for Artemiside (2021)

Because of the need to replace the current clinical artemisinins in artemisinin combination therapies, we are evaluating fitness of amino-artemisinins for this purpose. These include the thiomorpholine derivative artemiside obtained in one scalable synthetic step from dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and the derived sulfone artemisone. We have recently shown that artemiside undergoes facile metabolism via the sulfoxide artemisox into artemisone and thence into the unsaturated metabolite M1; DHA is not a metabolite. Artemisox and M1 are now found to be approximately equipotent with artemiside and artemisone in vitro against asexual <i>P. falciparum</i> (<i>Pf</i>) blood stage parasites (IC<sub>50</sub> 1.5-2.6 nM). Against <i>Pf</i> NF54 blood stage gametocytes, artemisox is potently active (IC<sub>50</sub> 18.9 nM early-stage, 2.7 nM late-stage), although against the late-stage gametocytes, activity is expressed, like other amino-artemisinins, at a prolonged incubation time of 72 h. Comparative drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties were assessed via <i>po</i> and <i>iv</i> administration of artemiside, artemisox, and artemisone in a murine model. Following oral administration, the composite C<sub>max</sub> value of artemiside plus its metabolites artemisox and artemisone formed in vivo is some 2.6-fold higher than that attained following administration of artemisone alone. Given that efficacy of short half-life rapidly-acting antimalarial drugs such as the artemisinins is associated with C<sub>max</sub>, it is apparent that artemiside will be more active than artemisone in vivo, due to additive effects of the metabolites. As is evident from earlier data, artemiside indeed possesses appreciably greater efficacy in vivo against murine malaria. Overall, the higher exposure levels of active drug following administration of artemiside coupled with its synthetic accessibility indicate it is much the preferred drug for incorporation into rational new artemisinin combination therapies.
Immunogenicity of Bcl-2 in patients with cancer (2004)

B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a pivotal regulator of apoptotic cell death and it is overexpressed in many cancers. Consequently, the Bcl-2 protein is an attractive target for drug design, and Bcl-2-specific antisense oligonucleotides or small-molecule Bcl-2 inhibitors have shown broad anticancer activities in preclinical models and are currently in several clinical trials. The clinical application of immunotherapy against cancer is rapidly moving forward in multiple areas, including the adoptive transfer of anti-tumor-reactive T cells and the use of "therapeutic" vaccines. The overexpression of Bcl-2 in cancer and the fact that immune escape by down-regulation or loss of expression of this protein would impair sustained tumor growth makes Bcl-2 a very attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. Herein, we describe spontaneous T-cell reactivity against Bcl-2 in peripheral blood from patients suffering from unrelated tumor types (ie, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia [AML], and chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL]). Additionally, we show that these Bcl-2-reactive T cells are indeed peptide-specific, cytotoxic effector cells. Thus, Bcl-2 may serve as an important and widely applicable target for anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies (eg, in the combination with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy).
Weight gain associated with conventional and newer antipsychotics: A meta-analysis (1998)

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A backward wave amplifier based on an NRI transmission-line metamaterial (2014)

Analysis of the coupling between an electron beam and a coaxial negative-refractive-index transmission-line metamaterial is presented. The electron beam is modeled as a spatially dispersive anisotropic permittivity, and the coaxial metamaterial is homogenized to derive its effective material parameters. The homogenized problem lends itself to an analytic coupled-mode dispersion relation. Solutions are obtained for both complex frequency and complex wavenumber, and all analytic results are verified through full-wave simulation. The work will find application in the design of backward wave amplifiers (BWA).
Programs to Facilitate Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: The Tuberculosis Antimicrobial Acquisition and Coordinating Facility (2007)

There is a real need to discover new drugs that are active on drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), and for drugs that will shorten the time of therapy. Large pharmaceutical companies have traditionally led the quest for discovering and developing new antiinfective agents but this is not the case when it comes to diseases like tuberculosis that primarily occur in resource restricted countries. Throughout the world many research groups are actively engaged in the scientific discovery of new TB drugs. Unfortunately, most research laboratories do not have the necessary safety facilities or resources for all facets of TB drug discovery. The Tuberculosis Antimicrobial Acquisition and Coordinating Facility (TAACF) was established in order to make comprehensive testing services available at no cost to research laboratories with an interest in discovering new TB drugs. The TAACF is a consortium of contracts managed and funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) as a resource to support preclinical drug discovery and development. The core of the TAACF is the Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, which supports compound acquisition, storage, medicinal chemistry, and high throughput assays. Other collaborating groups provide biological data on antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity, preliminary in vivo toxicity, oral bioavailability and efficacy in animal models, specialty testing (such as activity against non-replicating persistent bacteria), and assistance in technology transfer for developing comprehensive promotional packages and facilitating partnerships with pharmaceutical companies for drug development. The TAACF program and recent progress that has been publicly disclosed by suppliers is reviewed. There are many aspects promising of the program that will not be discussed due to confidentially.
Mobile Device Profiling and Intrusion Detection Using Smart Batteries (2008)

This paper introduces capabilities developed for a battery-sensing intrusion protection system (B-SIPS) for mobile computers, which alerts when abnormal current changes are detected. The intrusion detection system's (IDS's) IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) and 802.11 (Wi-Fi) capabilities are enhanced with iterative safe process checking, wireless connection determination, and an automated intrusion protection disconnect ability. The correlation intrusion detection engine (CIDE) provides power profiling for mobile devices and a correlated view of B-SIPS and snort alerts. An examination of smart battery drain times was conducted to ascertain the optimal transmission rate for the B-SIPS client. A 10 second reporting rate was used to assess 9 device types, which were then compared with their corresponding baseline battery lifetime. Lastly, an extensive usability study was conducted to improve the B-SIPS client and CIDE features. The 31 expert participants provided feedback and data useful for validating the system's viability as a complementary IDS for mobile devices.
The spliceosomal intron of the rolA gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a prokaryotic promoter (2000)

Agrobacterium rhizogenes transfers DNA (T‐DNA) from its Ri plasmid to plant cells. All T‐DNA genes are expressed in plant cells. The rolA gene is the only T‐DNA gene that contains an intron in the untranslated leader region of its mRNA. This paper shows that (i) the rolA gene is also transcribed in bacteria; (ii) the 85 bp corresponding to the spliceosomal intron drives prokaryotic gene expression in agrobacteria, in free‐living rhizobia and in bacteroids within root nodules; and (iii) promoter activity is abolished by the deletion of 63 bp from its 5′ end and is reduced by mutations changing its sequence near the putative −10 region. The expression pattern of a chimeric reporter gene shows that, in free‐living bacteria, gene expression takes place during the exponential phase of growth and increases at the onset of the stationary phase. Within root nodules, reporter gene expression occurs in the invasion, nitrogen fixing and senescent zones.
Distributed Routing Algorithms for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (2010)

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) consist of devices with sensing, processing, and communication capabilities that are deployed underwater to perform collaborative monitoring tasks to support a broad range of applications. The enabling communication technology for distances over one hundred meters is wireless acoustic networking because of the high attenuation and scattering affecting radio and optical waves, respectively. In this work, the problem of data gathering is investigated by considering the interactions between the routing functions and the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel. Two distributed geographical routing algorithms for delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive applications are proposed and shown through simulation experiments to meet the application requirements.
Fractional State Space Description: A Particular Case of the Volterra Equations (2020)

To tackle several limitations recently highlighted in the field of fractional differentiation and fractional models, some authors have proposed new kernels for the definition of fractional integration/differentiation operators. Some limitations still remain, however, with these kernels, whereas solutions prior to the introduction of fractional models exist in the literature. This paper shows that the fractional pseudo state space description, a fractional model widely used in the literature, is a special case of the Volterra equations, equations introduced nearly a century ago. Volterra equations can thus be viewed as a serious alternative to fractional pseudo state space descriptions for modelling power law type long memory behaviours. This paper thus presents a new class of model involving a Volterra equation and several kernels associated with this equation capable of generating power law behaviours of various kinds. One is particularly interesting as it permits a power law behaviour in a given frequency band and, thus, a limited memory effect on a given time range (as the memory length is finite, the description does not exhibit infinitely slow and infinitely fast time constants as for pseudo state space descriptions).
Cardiopatía Isquémica y factores de riesgo en una población Adulto Mayor de Honduras (2016)

Cardiopatía isquémica se le llama a la isquemia miocárdica causada por la ateromatosis coronaria y constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en el adulto mayor. Objetivo. Establecer la frecuencia de los distintos tipos de cardiopatía isquémica y sus principales factores de riesgo en la población mayor de 60 años que asiste al CAIAM, IHSS, Honduras. Material y Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, tipo serie de caso. Se incluyeron en el estudio el 100% de las historias clínicas, correspondientes a 63 pacientes diagnosticados con cardiopatía isquémica que asistieron al CAIAM en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, durante el periodo de 1 de enero del 2011 al 31 de diciembre del 2011. Resultados. Se estudió un total de 63 pacientes. Se demostró que la angina estable representa la cardiopatía isquémica con mayor frecuencia, con 43%, seguido por la angina inestable 30% y el infarto agudo de miocardio 27%. El grupo de edad con mayor presentación de angina estable fue el de 80-84 años: 8 pacientes, el de angina inestable de 70-74 años: 6 pacientes y el IAM de 85-89 años: 5 pacientes. Se mostró que las cardiopatías isquémicas son más frecuentes en el sexo masculino. La hipertensión arterial fue el principal factor de riesgo acompañante a la cardiopatía isquémica con 98%, seguido de la hipertrigliceridemia con 56%. Conclusiones: La cardiopatía isquémica es la principal causa de muerte en la población mayor de 60 años y es responsable de gran parte de las necesidades tanto hospitalarias como extrahospitalarias en la población.
Morroniside promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation in rats (2013)

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the promotive effect of morroniside on rat mesenchymal stem cell (RMSC) proliferation and to provide an experimental basis for the development of potential new drugs. RMSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3-4 months. The proliferation of primary and subcultured RMSCs in the high‑, medium‑ and low‑concentration morroniside intervention and blank control groups was observed using light microscopy. Cell proliferation and survival conditions were detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric tests. Light microscopy and the MTT assay revealed that RMSC adherence time in the morroniside groups was shorter compared with that of the control group. Twelve hours after the media of primary RMSCs were changed, the number of adherent cells in the morroniside groups increased and an elongated cell morphology was observed. The cells at the fourth passage in the morroniside groups fused completely 12‑16 h after inoculation and then rapidly entered into the logarithmic phase. The primary RMSCs of the morroniside intervention groups grew into typical bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) colonies after 4 days of morroniside treatment and their fusion rate had reached 80% after 9‑11 days. By contrast, the cell fusion rate of the control group only reached 75-80% after 14 days of morroniside treatment. Morroniside exhibited a similar promotive effect on proliferation in primary and subcultured RMSCs. Morroniside may promote RMSC proliferation through secreted factors, cell-to-cell interactions and/or the interactions between cellular adhesion molecules and extracellular matrices (ECMs). However, the specific mechanism underlying this effect remains to be fully elucidated.
Comparison of Different Modeling Techniques for Solid-Fluid Interface for Wave Loading (2021)

Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to estimate the wave loading applied to a fully submerged body near the surface. The Navier-Stokes equations were used for the present study. In terms of modeling the fluid-solid interface, two different techniques are available in ANSYS CFX. One is the Rigid Body Method (RBM) and the other is the Immersed Solid Method (ISM). This paper compares the two modeling techniques in terms of accuracy and modeling flexibility. For this study, a CFD model of the NPS tow tank with wave generation and a submerged body was created to investigate different methods of solid body modeling. A comparison of the RBM and ISM was performed modeling a submerged rectangular body at different depths. The models produced similar results when the body was lower beneath the wave surface with limited fluid-solid interaction. As the amount of fluid-solid interaction increased, the RBM showed increased amounts of wave energy dissipation as compared to the ISM. This disruption of the wave energy resulted in the RBM showing smaller body forces and moments when compared to the ISM solid model. The increased wave energy dissipation in the RBM is likely caused by the different mechanism for modeling body-solid interaction. The numerical results were also compared to the experimental data.
Some possibilities of heating by centimetric power (1949)

A study of the basic principles, range of applications, and methods of utilization of dielectric loss heating by electro-magnetic energy at radio-frequencies above 500 Mc/s.New problems arise because linear dimensions of the system and load are now large compared with the operating wavelength. In particular, the mode of formation of stationary wave patterns in the load, methods of preventing consequent non-uniform heating, and methods of avoiding or automatically correcting mismatch due to reflected waves reaching the generator are dealt with in detail.Methods of localizing the dissipation of high frequency power in the load are analysed and three basic systems—resonator, beam and transmission line—are distinguished, and are illustrated by application to the performance of suitable heating operations.
Cathodic Protection of Brake System Components (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The work investigates the use of cathodic protection -based strategies (e.g. sacrificial anodes) with the aim of extending the corrosion resistance of Aluminum components to be used in disc brake systems. Lab-scale electrochemical measurements, including voltammetry and zero resistance ammetry (ZRA), are used to: a) define the requirements of a cathodic protection system for a 42200 Aluminum alloy; b) evaluate the protection capability of a Zn-based sacrificial anode; and c) demonstrate an extended corrosion resistance of the protected part even in the presence of a galvanic coupling, with respect to the unprotected condition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;