gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accommodation dynamics in aging rhesus monkeys (1998)

Accommodation, the mechanism by which the eye focuses on near objects, is lost with increasing age in humans and monkeys. This pathophysiology, called presbyopia, is poorly understood. We studied aging-related changes in the dynamics of accommodation in rhesus monkeys aged 4-24 yr after total iridectomy and midbrain implantation of an electrode to permit visualization and stimulation, respectively, of the eye's accommodative apparatus. Real-time video techniques were used to capture and quantify images of the ciliary body and lens. During accommodation in youth, ciliary body movement was biphasic, lens movement was monophasic, and both slowed as the structures approached their new steady-state positions. Disaccommodation occurred more rapidly for both ciliary body and lens, but with longer latent period, and slowed near the end point. With increasing age, the amplitude of lens and ciliary body movement during accommodation declined, as did their velocities. The latent period of lens and ciliary body movements increased, and ciliary body movement became monophasic. The latent period of lens and ciliary body movement during disaccommodation was not significantly correlated with age, but their velocity declined significantly. The age-dependent decline in amplitude and velocity of ciliary body movements during accommodation suggests that ciliary body dysfunction plays a role in presbyopia. The age changes in lens movement could be a consequence of increasing inelasticity or hardening of the lens, or of age changes in ciliary body motility.
MODEL OF OPIATE DEPENDENCE IN THE GUINEA‐PIG ISOLATED ILEUM (1981)

1 Segments of ileum, incubated for 2-24 h at 22 degrees C with normorphine (0.01 - 1.0 muM), in the presence of hexamethonium, contracted when challenged with naloxone (0.03 muM). No response to this dose of naloxone was induced either by incubation in control solution without opiate for 2-24 h or by exposure of the preparation to opiate for 30 min at 37 degrees C.2 When segments were incubated for 24 h, the size of the response to naloxone was directly related both to the normorphine concentration in the incubation fluid (0.01 to 0.1 muM), and to the concentration of naloxone applied (0.03 to 0.1 muM).3 A spontaneous withdrawal contracture was elicited in ilea that had been incubated with normorphine (1.0 muM), when the normorphine-containing bathing fluid was exchanged for one without opiate.4 Normorphine restored to resting level the tension of the withdrawal contracture, whether it had been elicited spontaneously or by naloxone challenge.5 Addition of naloxone (1.0 muM) to normorphine (1.0 muM) in the incubation fluid abolished the withdrawal contracture to subsequent challenge with naloxone.6 Naloxone elicited a contracture from segments incubated for 24 h at 22 degrees C with levorphanol (0.1 muM) but not from those incubated with dextrorphan.7 Application of (+)-naloxone (0.03 muM) to segments previously incubated with normorphine (0.1 muM) did not elicit a contracture.8 The contracture elicited by naloxone in preparations incubated with morphine (10 muM) was associated with a reduction in sensitivity to the acute inhibitory effect of morphine on the electrically-evoked response.9 Addition of hyoscine (0.5 muM) immediately after challenge with naloxone restored the tension of the withdrawal contracture to resting level.10 Tetrodotoxin (3.0 muM) given before challenge, prevented naloxone from eliciting a withdrawal contracture.11 The inclusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (10 muM) with morphine (10 muM) inhibited the induction of tolerance to morphine.12 These experiments, together with those described earlier, indicate that incubation with opiate induces a dependence in the final cholinergic motor neurones of the myenteric plexus, manifested as a contracture of the longitudinal muscle on removal of opiate or administration of an antagonist. This dependence is associated with tolerance, expressed as a decrease in sensitivity to inhibition by morphine of the electrically-evoked contracture. Tolerance and dependence are induced and withdrawal precipitated through specific and stereospecific opiate receptors.
Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Atom‐Transfer Reactions: Beyond Trifluoromethylation (2016)

Hypervalent iodine compounds are privileged reagents in organic synthesis because of their exceptional reactivity. Among these compounds, cyclic derivatives stand apart because of their enhanced stability. They have been widely used as oxidants, but their potential for functional-group transfer has only begun to be investigated recently. The use of benziodoxol(on)es for trifluoromethylation (Togni's reagents) is already widely recognized, but other transformations have also attracted strong interest recently. In this Review, the development in the area since 2011 will be presented. After a short summary of synthetic methods to prepare benziodoxol(on)e reagents, their use to construct carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds will be presented. In particular, the introduction of alkynes by using ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) reagents has been highly successful. Breakthroughs in the introduction of alkoxy, azido, difluoromethyl, and cyano groups will also be described.
Humans parsimoniously represent auditory sequences by pruning and completing the underlying network structure (2023)

Successive auditory inputs are rarely independent, their relationships ranging from local transitions between elements to hierarchical and nested representations. In many situations, humans retrieve these dependencies even from limited datasets. However, this learning at multiple scale levels is poorly understood. Here, we used the formalism proposed by network science to study the representation of local and higher-order structures and their interaction in auditory sequences. We show that human adults exhibited biases in their perception of local transitions between elements, which made them sensitive to high-order network structures such as communities. This behavior is consistent with the creation of a parsimonious simpliﬁed model from the evidence they receive, achieved by pruning and completing relationships between network elements. This observation suggests that the brain does not rely on exact memories but on a parsimonious representation of the world. Moreover, this bias can be analytically modeled by a memory/efficiency trade-off. This model correctly accounts for previous findings, including local transition probabilities as well as high-order network structures, unifying sequence learning across scales. We finally propose putative brain implementations of such bias.
Towards a full-field strain sensor for guiding hernia repairs (2015)

Each year, approximately 400,000 ventral hernia repairs are performed in the United States [1], [2]. Large ventral hernias (hernias that occur in the abdominal wall) are typically treated by suturing in a surgical mesh to cover and overlap the hernia defect. However, in 10-20% of patients, the hernia repair fails, resulting in recurrence of the hernia, along with other complications including infection and intestinal obstruction [3], [4]. One potential cause of hernia recurrence is the unequal distribution of stress across the mesh resulting in high stress concentrations at the tissue-mesh interface, particularly at the site of mesh fixation to the abdominal wall muscles[5], [6]. Strain across the mesh can be used as an indicator for how evenly stress is distributed across the surface of the mesh. To this end, we have built a full-field, 3D strain measurement system to enable physicians to actively identify and address areas of high strain during the surgery, thus decreasing the rate of hernia recurrence. The strain sensor uses an optical technique, called the grid method, in conjunction with the defocused particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technique to measure the 3D strain distribution across the mesh. The system can achieve a limit of detection down to 0.4% strain and across a 50 cm range z-axis displacement using a Canon EOS 7D camera with a pinhole aperture mask.
Pan-primate studies of age and sex (2023)

Age and sex have a profound effect on cytosine methylation levels in humans and many other species. Here we analyzed DNA methylation profiles of 2400 tissues derived from 37 primate species including 11 haplorhine species (baboons, marmosets, vervets, rhesus macaque, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutan, humans) and 26 strepsirrhine species (suborders Lemuriformes and Lorisiformes). From these we present here, pan-primate epigenetic clocks which are highly accurate for all primates including humans (age correlation R = 0.98). We also carried out in-depth analysis of baboon DNA methylation profiles and generated five epigenetic clocks for baboons (Olive-yellow baboon hybrid), one of which, the pan-tissue epigenetic clock, was trained on seven tissue types (fetal cerebral cortex, adult cerebral cortex, cerebellum, adipose, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle) with ages ranging from late fetal life to 22.8 years of age. Using the primate data, we characterize the effect of age and sex on individual cytosines in highly conserved regions. We identify 11 sex-related CpGs on autosomes near genes (POU3F2, CDYL, MYCL, FBXL4, ZC3H10, ZXDC, RRAS, FAM217A, RBM39, GRIA2, UHRF2). Low overlap can be observed between age- and sex-related CpGs. Overall, this study advances our understanding of conserved age- and sex-related epigenetic changes in primates, and provides biomarkers of aging for all primates.
Der Mechanismus der [Cp2TiMe2]-katalysierten intermolekularen Hydroaminierung von Alkinen (2001)

Ein komplexer Zusammenhang zwischen der Katalysatorkonzentration und der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit liegt, wie kinetische Untersuchungen ergaben, bei der [Cp2TiMe2]-katalysierten intermolekularen Hydroaminierung von Alkinen vor. Ursache hierfür ist eine reversible Dimerisierung der katalytisch aktiven Spezies [Gl. (1)]. L1, L2=Cp, Tol–NH; Tol=4-MeC6H4 (Tolyl).
Security and Privacy Requirements Engineering (2019)

Security requirements engineering identifies security risks in software in the early stages of the development cycle. In this chapter, the authors present the SQUARE security requirements method. They integrate privacy requirements into SQUARE to identify privacy risks in addition to security risks. They then present a privacy elicitation technique and subsequently combine security risk assessment techniques with privacy risk assessment techniques. The authors discuss prototype tools that have been developed to support SQUARE for security and privacy as well as recent workshops that have focused on additional results in the security and privacy requirements area. Finally, the authors suggest future research and case studies needed to further contribute to early lifecycle activities that will address security and privacy-related issues.
Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Manganese(I) by Coupling Isocyanide Ligands with Propargylamines and Propargylic Alcohols (2007)

A variety of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of general formula fac-[Mn(NHC)(CO)3(bipy)]+ have been prepared by reaction of the manganese(I) isocyanide complexes fac-[Mn(CNR)(CO)3(bipy)]+ with propargylamines and propargylic alcohols and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods.
On ping-pong effects in linear interference cancellation for CDMA (2002)

In this paper we formulate a general iterative form to described hybrid interference cancellation, a concept which includes both successive interference cancellation (SIC) and parallel interference cancellation (PIC) as its two extreme cases. Furthermore, the ping-pong effect commonly observed in linear PIC is studied in detail and is shown to be a direct consequence of the extreme eigenvalues of the iteration matrix. Intervals for the dominating eigenvalues within which ping-pong is likely to occur are specified. These intervals are then used to determine weighting factors for partial cancellation such that ping-pong effects are avoided.
Cocaine detection by a mid-infrared waveguide integrated with a microfluidic chip (2012)

A germanium (Ge) strip waveguide on a silicon (Si) substrate is integrated with a microfluidic chip to detect cocaine in tetrachloroethylene (PCE) solutions. In the evanescent field of the waveguide, cocaine absorbs the light near 5.8 μm, which is emitted from a quantum cascade laser. This device is ideal for (bio-)chemical sensing applications.
Reply (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We want to thank Dr. Pang et al. for their interest and important remarks regarding our article. In our recently published investigation we reported intraplatelet (IP) 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) levels to predict postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity in patients undergoing liver resection. Based on its striking association with clinical outcome after partial hepatectomy, we thus proposed that IP 5‐HT might represent a therapeutic target to accelerate liver regeneration after liver resection.1 It should be stressed that we did not evaluate the effects of IP 5‐HT on tumor development or progression or its effects on viral hepatitis. Pang et al. point to a relevant issue with the potential use of 5‐HT which may appear like a double‐edged sword for the liver, as also recently discussed by Lesurtel et al. in more detail.2 We agree with Pang et al. that further research is required to determine whether perioperative modification of IP 5‐HT levels is of overall benefit in patients undergoing liver resection and that the following aspects should be considered. First, the adverse effects of 5‐HT pointed out by Pang et al. have only been described in animal or cell culture experiments and need to be confirmed in humans. Second, these detrimental effects might be associated with long‐term exposure to 5‐HT, while we are hypothesizing that short‐term perioperative manipulation of IP 5‐HT levels may be beneficial after hepatectomy. The therapeutic window to increase IP 5‐HT may be of crucial importance. Based on our data, the most reasonable approach of interfering with IP 5‐HT levels to support liver regeneration would presumably be a short‐term elevation prior to liver surgery as well as within the first postoperative week. This therapeutic setting will have to be evaluated with respect to potential deleterious effects on the underlying liver disease. In this context, Nozaki et al.3 documented that the controlled increase of platelets (and therefore presumably available 5‐HT) using thrombopoietin had no proliferative effect on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro or in vivo. This finding supports the notion that a temporary, perioperative increase of platelet counts, and concomitantly 5‐HT, might have limited adverse effects on liver cancer. Most important, it should be stated that postoperative liver failure is frequently a fatal complication after liver resection.4 As specific therapeutic options to accelerate liver regeneration are missing to date, we would strongly argue for evaluating 5‐HT as a therapeutic target. A careful definition of treatment indications and therapeutic timing may be key to promote liver regeneration without inducing potential deleterious effects.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Dsh Homolog DVL3 Mediates Resistance to IGFIR Inhibition by Regulating IGF-RAS Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legend. Legends for Supplementary Figures S1-S6.&lt;/p&gt;
Propofol Improves Patient Comfort during Cisplatin Chemotherapy (1993)

20 consecutive patients with nausea and vomiting secondary to cisplatin chemotherapy uncontrolled by serotonin-antagonist and corticosteroid prophylaxis during their first cycle received adjuvant propofol. This new anesthetic agent was added at subhypnotic doses, i.e. 1 mg/kg/h, as a continuous intravenous infusion during the two subsequent chemotherapy cycles. In 85 and 90% of patients, nausea and vomiting were prevented in the first 24 h following the first and second propofol-supplemented chemotherapy cycles respectively. 24-72 h postchemotherapy, this side effect remained suppressed in 75 and 70% of patients, respectively. Patients' comfort and appetite were improved. All 20 subjects preferred the propofol-containing regimen.
A DynamicFaultCurrent Limiter (DFCL) (2007)

URL:www.eev.eei.uni-erlangen.de Abstract -A DynamicFault Current Limiter (DFCL)basedona six-pulse thyristor rectifier ispresented inthis paper. Withthis device several possibilities aregiven tolimit andevencontrolfault currents. On theonehanditcanswitch offthelimited fault current very fastbyblocking thefiring pulses ontheother handit ispossible tohaveonlyaslight effect onthesteady short-circuit current, ifonechooses theright control setting. Further theDFCL isabletosetthemagnitude ofthefault current orther.m.s. value respectively toafree selectable value bychanging thefiring angle.
Evaluation préclinique de nanoémulsions polyvalentes comme vecteurs d’un nouvel inhibiteur de Mcl-1, le Pyridoclax : application au traitement des cancers de l’ovaire (PYRINANO) (2017)

International audience
Genetic mutations of GJB2 and mitochondrial 12S rRNA in nonsyndromic hearing loss in Jiangsu Province of China (2013)

The mutation spectrum and prevalence of GJB2 and mtDNA 12S rRNA genes in Jiangsu population are similar to other areas of China. There are in total 31.46% of the patients with NSHL carry deafness-causing mutation in GJB2 or mtDNA 12S rRNA genes. Mutation in GJB2 gene is the most common factor, mtDNA 12S rRNA also plays an important part in the pathogenesis of hearing loss in Jiangsu Province areas. The m.1222A > G was found to be a new candidate mutation associated with hearing loss. Our results indicated the necessity of genetic screening for mutations of these genes in Jiangsu patients with NSHL.
A Hyperbolic Smoothing Approach to the Fermat-Weber Location Problem (2012)

The Fermat-Weber Location Problem, also known as the continuous pmedian problem, is considered here. A particular case of Fermat-Weber problem corresponds to the minimum sum-of-distances clustering problem. The mathematical modeling of this problem leads to a min sum min formulation which, in addition to its intrinsic bi-level nature, is strongly nondierentiable.
An essential post-developmental role for Lis1 in mice (2017)

ABSTRACT LIS1 mutations cause lissencephaly (LIS), a severe developmental brain malformation. Much less is known about its role in the mature nervous system. LIS1 regulates the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein), and as LIS1 and dynein are both expressed in the adult nervous system, Lis1 could potentially regulate dynein-dependent processes such as axonal transport. We therefore knocked out Lis1 in adult mice using tamoxifen-induced, Cre-ER-mediated recombination. When an actin promoter was used to drive Cre-ER expression (Act-Cre-ER), heterozygous Lis1 KO caused no obvious change in viability or behavior, despite evidence of widespread recombination by a Cre reporter three weeks after tamoxifen exposure. In contrast, homozygous Lis1 KO caused the rapid onset of neurological symptoms in both male and female mice. One tamoxifen-dosing regimen caused prominent recombination in the midbrain/hindbrain, PNS, and cardiac/skeletal muscle within a week; these mice developed severe symptoms in that time frame and were euthanized. A different tamoxifen regimen resulted in delayed recombination in midbrain/hindbrain, but not in other tissues, and also delayed the onset of symptoms. This indicates that Lis1 loss in the midbrain/hindbrain causes the severe phenotype. In support of this, brainstem regions known to house cardiorespiratory centers showed signs of axonal dysfunction in KO animals. Transport defects, neurofilament alterations, and varicosities were observed in axons in cultured DRG neurons from KO animals. Because no symptoms were observed when a cardiac specific Cre-ER promoter was used, we propose a vital role for Lis1 in autonomic neurons and implicate defective axonal transport in the KO phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mammalian Lis1 is best known for its role in brain development. Lis1 binds to and regulates the microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein. We show that Lis1 function is needed post-developmentally and provide evidence that loss of Lis1 in the hindbrain leads to death. The effect is dose dependent in mice, as loss of only one allele does not produce an overt phenotype. However, since LIS1 haploinsufficiency causes lissencephaly (LIS) in humans, our study raises the possibility that post-developmental axonal transport defects could contribute to worsening symptoms in children with LIS1 mutations. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis is that Lis1 regulates dynein-dependent axon transport in the mature nervous system.
Reliability of Tinnitus Loudness Matches under Procedural Variation (1999)

Repeated tinnitus loudness matches (LMs) were obtained to determine response reliability using a computer-automated technique with two procedural variations, fixed or random step sizes, to increase output level during the initial ascending series of tones at each frequency. Twenty subjects with stable, tonal tinnitus were evaluated with both methods during each of two sessions. Response instructions were displayed on a portable computer, and a pen device was used to make response choices that appeared on the touch-sensitive video monitor. For each method, hearing thresholds and LMs were obtained, with 1-dB resolution, at 1/3-octave frequencies from 1 to 16 kHz. Analyses revealed reliability of LMs to be equivalent between methods. LM data are reported in both dB SPL and dB SL, with the SPL values providing greater reliability both within and between sessions (all r's > or = .889, p's < or = .0001).
Social network analyses of patient-healthcare worker interactions: implications for disease transmission. (2009)

Patients and healthcare workers (HCW) in healthcare settings represent a unique social network in which the risk of transmission of an infection is considered to be higher for both HCW and patients. Using data from existing clinical informatics resources, we constructed social networks of patient-HCW interactions in the emergency department of a tertiary care pediatric hospital. The structural properties of these networks were analyzed and compared to other well known networks. Patient-HCW networks do not demonstrate the classical power-law distribution of scale-free networks, thus indicating that they are different from social networks of individuals in a community. The clustering coefficient is larger as compared to a random network, indicating small world properties. The eigenvector centrality, used to identify the most important nodes, reveals HCW to be more connected than patients. These properties imply differences that must be taken into account when analyzing patient-HCW networks and planning interventions and mitigation strategies to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings.
Ambient influence (2010)

Can ubiquitous technologies be designed to nudge people to change their behavior? If so, how? We describe an ambient installation that was intended to help people decide - and to encourage them to reflect - when confronted with a choice. In this particular case, it was whether to take the stairs or the elevator in their place of work. The rationale was to push people towards a desired behavior at the point of decision-making and to reflect upon theirs and others' aggregate behavior. We describe the ambient displays that were developed and the prototyping studies in which they were evaluated. The findings from an in-the-wild study are then presented. They reveal that even though people said they were not aware of changing their behavior, logged data of their actual behavior showed a significant change. We discuss these mixed findings in relation to whether ambient displays can influence at an unconscious or conscious level.