gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upper and lower bounds on a system's bandwidth based on its zero‐value time constants (2016)

It is shown that for systems with no zeros and no complex poles, the classical estimate of the 3 dB cutoff frequency based on the sum of the zero‐value time constants (ZVTs) is always conservative. A non‐trivial upper bound on the cutoff frequency which depends only on the sum of the ZVTs and the system's order is also derived. It is demonstrated that both bounds are tight – specifically, the lower bound is approached by making one of the system's poles increasingly dominant, whereas the best possible bandwidth is achieved when all of the system's poles overlap. The impact of complex poles on the results is also discussed.
Experimental study on pressure pulses in long-distance gas pipeline during the pigging process (2019)

Long-distance gas pipelines generally have complex, undulating sections. Trapped air pockets are often present at the high points or ends of pipelines. This article carries out an experimental research to figure out the transient changes. First of all, under the condition of using the pig with 231 g and the injection pressure of 0.3 MPa, the hydraulic pulse increases from 0.31 to 0.54 MPa as the liquid level rises from 1 to 8 m. And at the liquid level of 8 m, the injection pressure grows from 0.3 to 0.75 MPa and the hydraulic pulse from 0.54 to 0.95 MPa. When the interception air mass is located at the blind side of the pipeline's end, the injection pressure is 0.75 MPa, and the hydraulic pulse decreases from 4.9 to 3.21 MPa with the increase in the void fraction. The maximum hydraulic pressure generates when the air pocket is located at the rear end of the drainage system (4.9 MPa) is far higher than that when the air pocket is located in front of the pig (1.0 MPa). Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the generation of trapped air pockets at the rear end of the pipeline system to ensure safety.
Cancer stem cells: A stride towards cancer cure? (2010)

Despite major refinements in cancer therapy drugs, our progress at increasing the cure rates of most cancers has been hampered by high relapse rates. A possible biological explanation of the high frequency of relapse and resistance to currently available drugs has been provided by the cancer stem cell (CSC) proposition. Basically, the CSC theory hypothesizes the presence of a hierarchically organized, relatively rare population of cells that is responsible for tumor initiation, self-renewal and maintenance, mutation accumulation and therapy resistance. Since first postulated by John Dick, multiple reports have provided support for this hypothesis by isolating (more or less) rare cell populations, where the ability to initiate tumors in vivo has been demonstrated. Most progress and stronger data supporting this theory are found predominantly in myelogenous leukemias, whose study has benefited from over half-a-century progress in our understanding of the normal hierarchical organization of hematopoiesis. This review, however, also analyzes the advancement in the quantitative and functional analysis of solid tumor stem cells and in the analysis of the tumor microenvironment as specialized, nurturing niches for CSCs. Overall, this review intends to briefly summarize most of the evidences that support the CSC theory and the apparent contradictions, if not skepticism from the scientific community, about its validity for all forms of cancer, or alternatively on just a few cancers initiated by a limited number of somatic or germinal mutations.
Application of the district cooling/heating network design models in the GLN area (2010)

This report present the heating and cooling system integration applied in the GLN area, based on a proposed district cooling/heating network design methodology. The cooling load is provided by a mix of direct cooling and refrigeration. To improve the total performance of the district cooling, a method for optimizing the mass flow of lake water has earlier been developed and implemented for one building in the GLN project. This method has in this project been adjusted and developed so that it can now be used for optimizing the lake mass flow for all the connected buildings of the area. The lake water can also be used as a heat source by implementing heat pumps. To study this option, energy integration techniques were applied to access the potential savings in terms of energy bill and CO2 emissions. A comparison between the situation with and without heat pumps was then carried out. The results show that considerable savings can be achieved regarding energy costs and CO2 emissions, respectively 33% and 79%.
Memory-Based Rack Area Networking (2014)

Cloud-scale data centers increasingly use a rack rather than a machine as the basic building block to provide vital support for applications. To meet the diverse range of service requirements, the concept of disaggregated rack architecture has been proposed recently, in which a rack consists not of a set of self-contained hosts, but of a CPU/memory pool, a disk pool, and a network interface (NIC) pool, which are connected through a high-bandwidth and low-latency rack-area network. A major deployment advantage of the disaggregated rack architecture is that it allows different system components, i.e. CPU, memory, disk, and NIC, to be upgraded according to their own technology cycle. By consolidating each type of system components, it also enables more efficient and flexible resource allocation and utilization. This dissertation proposes Marlin, a memory-based rack area network architecture that takes a PCIe-based network, originally designed for intra-host backplane in a single machine and extends it into a inter-host backplane for communication in a data center rack. By virtue of being based on PCIe, Marlin presents a memory-based addressing model for both I/O device sharing among multiple hosts and inter-host communications, and as a result offers hardware-based remote direct memory access (HRDMA) as a first-class communications primitive between servers within a rack. Marlin supports socket-based communications for legacy network applications and cross-machine zero memory copying for applications designed specifically to take full advantage of Marlin. Finally, Marlin is positioned as an NFV (Network Function Virtualization) platform and proposes a fully direct interrupt delivery hypervisor which minimizes the performance overhead associated with I/O virtualization, a key consideration in NFV. Empirical measurements on a fully operational Marlin prototype based on 4-lane Gen3 PCIe technology show that the one-way kernel-to-kernel latency is 8.5μ sec and the end-to-end sustainable TCP throughput is 19.6 Gbps. | 113 pages
A sparse-matrix/canonical grid method for analyzing densely packed interconnects (2002)

Due to the continuous increase of the operating frequency, full-wave electromagnetic characterization of microstrip interconnects plays an important role in electronic packaging. To reduce the size of the package, microstrip interconnects may be densely packed together making the number of unknowns representing the currents large. It is a real challenge to model densely packed interconnects as we have to address both the issues of matrix fill-time and solution time in the moment method solution. We employ the fast Hankel transform (FHT) method to obtain an accurate numerical spatial-domain Green's function. This is followed by the matrix pencil (MP) method for the closed-form expression in terms of a sum of complex exponents. Taylor series expansions of these complex exponents are than incorporated into the sparse-matrix/canonical grid (SMCG) method for the analysis of densely packed microstrip interconnects. It is demonstrated that applying the FHT and MP procedure can greatly reduce the matrix fill-time while the fast SMCG method greatly reduce the matrix solution time. The efficiency of the method is further improved by implementing the algorithm on a parallel-computing platform.
Inhibition of AIDS virus replication by acemannan in vitro. (1991)

Acemannan (ACE-M), a beta-(1,4)-linked acetylated mannan, was evaluated for in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Castanospermine (CAS), deoxymannojirimycin (DMN), swainsonine (SWS), azidothymidine (AZT), and dideoxythymidine (DDC) were tested in parallel as control compounds. In vitro antiviral efficacy of ACE-M was evaluated in a variety of cell lines including human peripheral mononuclear, CEM-SS1 and MT-2(2) cells. The virus strain, number of infectious units per cell, and target cell line were important factors in determining the degree of inhibition of viral cytopathic effect in the presence of ACE-M and other control compounds tested. Maximum inhibitory effect was observed in CEM-SS cells infected with the RFII strain of HIV-1. This inhibitory effect was determined to be concentration-dependent. Assay design included primary screening to measure cell viabilities of infected target cells in the presence and absence of test compounds. When tested on HIV-1/RFII-infected CEM-SS cells, the 50% inhibitory effect of CAS (IC50 = 28), an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase I, was determined to be similar to that observed for ACE-M (IC50 = 45). However, DMN and SWS, inhibitors of mannosidase I and II, tested in parallel to CAS and ACE-M, exhibited no IC50 values. Antiviral potential of ACE-M as an inhibitor of syncytia formation was also explored using CEM-SS cells. Suppression of syncytia formation was observed at an ACE-M concentration of 31.25 micrograms/ml, and complete inhibition was observed at 62.5 micrograms/ml. In addition, HIV-1 RNA levels were studied to establish the antiviral potential of ACE-M in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE EFFECT OF AUDITORY RENDERING ON PERCEIVED MOVEMENT: LOUDSPEAKER DENSITY AND HRTF (2001)

Presented at the 7th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Espoo, Finland, July 29-August 1, 2001.
Application of biomarkers in the development of drugs intended for the treatment of osteoarthritis (2011)

Although many OA-related biomarkers are currently available they exist in various states of qualification and validation. The biomarkers that are likely to have the earliest beneficial impact on clinical trials fall into two general categories, those that will allow targeting of subjects most likely to either respond and/or progress (prognostic value) within a reasonable and manageable time frame for a clinical study (for instance within 1-2 years for an OA trial), and those that provide early feedback for preclinical decision-making and for trial organizers that a drug is having the desired biochemical effect. As in vitro biomarkers are increasingly investigated in the context of specific drug treatments, advances in the field can be expected that will lead to rapid expansion of the list of available biomarkers with increasing understanding of the molecular processes that they represent.
RF-interconnect for future inter- and intra-ULSI communications (2002)

Future ULSI interconnect system demands extremely high data rate (up to 100Gbps/channel or 20Tbps/chip) as well as multi-I/O service, re-configurable and fault-tolerant computing/processing architecture and total compatibility with the mainstream silicon CMOS and MCM technologies. In this paper, we present a novel RF-interconnect system that promises to meet all of those system needs. The intended "active" RF-interconnect is based on principles of near-field capacitive coupling, low-loss microwave signal transmission and modern multiple-access algorithms (such as CDMA and FDMA) for shared transmission medium. We will address issues relevant to RF-interconnect system design and discuss its advantages in speed, signal integrity and channel reconfiguration. As a proof of concept, we have realized on-chip 2/spl times/2 CDMA-interconnect system and FDMA/CDMA combined RF-interconnects in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS with complete functions of signal coupling, transmission and channel reconfiguration at the clock speed of f/sub clk/=2.8GHz and 5GHz RF carrier.
Coherent Control of GHz Resonant Modes by an Integrated Acoustic Etalon (2013)

By carefully tuning the thickness of a compliant thin film placed within an acoustic cavity, we achieve coherent control of the cavity's acoustic resonances, analogous to the operation of an optical etalon. This technique is demonstrated using a supported membrane oscillator in which multiple high-frequency harmonic resonances are simultaneously optoexcited by an ultrafast laser. Theoretical and computational methods are used to analyze the selective strengthening or suppression of these resonances by constructive or destructive interference.
Differentiation potential of fish fins –Effective utilization of the fins as food wastes– (2020)

Abstract Fish cells are largely affected by their culture media. Fibroblast-like cells obtained from the fish fins can differentiate to various kinds of cells such as skeletal muscle-like, neurofilaments and adipocytes. Our results suggest that the fins which are usually discarded as food wastes may practically applied to the clean meat technology.
Advanced Insulation Materials for Next Generation Packaging Technology (2022)

Build-up process is a highly effective for high-density integration of printed circuit boards. Ajinomoto Build-up Film® (ABF™)* <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> “Ajinomoto Build-up Film” is registered trademark in Japan, South Korea, United States and other countries. ® denote registered trademark in Japan. “ABF” is trademark. has become world-wide used insulation build-up material for manufacturing IC package substrates with Semi-Additive Process (SAP) because of their good resin flowability, insulation reliability, thickness uniformity, and SAP applicability. As the recent growth of new thinner and fine pattern packaging technology, such as 2.1D/Fan-Out (FO) type packaging technologies, we developed small-sized filler loaded ABF (Nano filler ABF) as a redistribution layer material and LE series as a film type molding compound. Using Nano filler ABF, we demonstrated 2/2 micrometers line and space Cu patterning and diameter 5 micrometers laser via for interlayer connection. LE performed quite low warpage on both of 12-inch wafer and large size panel owing to low CTE, low Young's modulus, high Tg, and consisting of special polymer.
Random variation drives a critical bias in the comparison of healthcare-associated infections (2023)

SIRs and numbers of HAIs are strongly influenced by random effects of volume. Mitigating these effects drastically alters rankings for HAI types and may further alter penalty assignments in programs that aim to reduce HAIs and improve quality of care.
Rayleigh superradiance and dynamic Bragg gratings in an end-pumped Bose-Einstein condensate (2008)

We study superradiant Rayleigh scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a parameter regime where pump depletion and the exchange of photons between the end-fire modes are important. Through experiments and simulations, we show that collective atom-light coupling leads to the self-organized formation of dynamic Bragg gratings within the sample. These gratings lead to an efficient backscattering of pump photons and optical resonator structures within the BEC.
The Organellular Chloride Channel Protein CLIC4/mtCLIC Translocates to the Nucleus in Response to Cellular Stress and Accelerates Apoptosis (2004)

CLIC4/mtCLIC, a chloride intracellular channel protein, localizes to the mitochondria and cytoplasm of keratinocytes and participates in the apoptotic response to stress. We now show that multiple stress inducers cause the translocation of cytoplasmic CLIC4 to the nucleus. Immunogold electron microscopy and confocal analyses indicate that nuclear CLIC4 is detected prior to the apoptotic phenotype. CLIC4 associates with the Ran, NTF2, and Importin-alpha nuclear import complexes in immunoprecipitates of lysates from cells treated with apoptotic/stress-inducing agents. Deletion or mutation of the nuclear localization signal in the C terminus of CLIC4 eliminates nuclear translocation, whereas N terminus deletion enhances nuclear localization. Targeting CLIC4 to the nucleus via adenoviral transduction accelerates apoptosis when compared with cytoplasmic CLIC4, and only nuclear-targeted CLIC4 causes apoptosis in Apaf null mouse fibroblasts or in Bcl-2-overexpressing keratinocytes. These results indicate that CLIC4 nuclear translocation is an integral part of the cellular response to stress and may contribute to the initiation of nuclear alterations that are associated with apoptosis.
Variabilité Comportementale Des Articulations Des Membres du Cheval (1995)

"Variabilité Comportementale Des Articulations Des Membres du Cheval." Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 103(3), p. C134
Digital Stokes polarimetry and its application to structured light: tutorial (2020)

Stokes polarimetry is a mature topic in optics, most commonly performed to extract the polarization structure of optical fields for a range of diverse applications. For historical reasons, most Stokes polarimetry approaches are based on static optical polarization components that must be manually adjusted, prohibiting automated, real-time analysis of fast changing fields. Here we provide a tutorial on performing Stokes polarimetry in an all-digital approach, exploiting a modern optical toolkit based on liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators and digital micromirror devices. We explain in a tutorial fashion how to implement two digital approaches, based on these two devices, for extracting Stokes parameters in a fast, cheap, and dynamic manner. After outlining the core concepts, we demonstrate their applicability to the modern topic of structured light, and highlight some common experimental issues. In particular, we illustrate how digital Stokes polarimetry can be used to measure key optical parameters such as the state of polarization, degree of vectorness, and intra-modal phase of complex light fields.
Definition and characterization of novel HLA-*A02-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from JCV polyomavirus with clinical relevance (2016)

// Jiju Mani 1 , Lei Wang 1 , Angela G. H&uuml;ckelhoven 1 , Anita Schmitt 1 , Alma Gedvilaite 2 , Nan Jin 1, 3 , Christian Kleist 4, 5 , Anthony D. Ho 1 , Michael Schmitt 1 1 Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany 2 Department of Eukaryote Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania 3 Department of Hematology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China 4 Department of Transplantation Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany 5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Correspondence to: Michael Schmitt, email: Michael.schmitt@med.uni-heidelberg.de Keywords: JCV, T cell epitopes, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, virus like particles, immunotherapy Received: June 29, 2016&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Accepted: September 19, 2016&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; Published: October 01, 2016 ABSTRACT Human JC and BK polyomaviruses (JCV/BKV) can establish a latent infection without any clinical symptoms in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised hosts infection or reactivation of JCV and BKV can cause lethal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and hemorrhagic cystitis, respectively. Vaccination with JCV/BKV derived antigen epitope peptides or adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells would constitute an elegant approach to clear virus-infected cells. Furthermore, donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) is another therapeutic approach which could be helpful for patients with JCV/BKV infections. So far, only few immunodominant T cell epitopes of JCV and BKV have been described and therefore is a fervent need for the definition of novel epitopes. In this study, we identified novel T cell epitopes by screening libraries of overlapping peptides derived from the major capsid protein VP1 of JCV. Virus like particles (VLPs) were used to confirm naturally processing. Two human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02-restricted epitopes were characterized by fine mapping with overlapping peptides and nonamer peptide sequences were identified. Cytokine release profile of the epitope-specific T cells was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays and by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that T cell responses were of polyfunctional nature with the potential of epitope-specific killing and cross-reactivity between JCV and BKV. These novel epitopes might constitute a new potential tool to design effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against both polyomaviruses.
TeleNotes (1997)

Communication theories and technology have tended to focus on extended, formal meetings and have neglected a prevalent and vital form of workplace communication—namely, lightweight communication. Unlike formal, extended meetings, lightweight interaction is brief, informal, unplanned, and intermittent. We analyze naturalistic data from a study of work-place communication and derive five design criteria for lightweight interaction systems. These criteria require that systems for lightweight interaction support conversational tracking, rapid connection , the ability to leave a message, context management, and shared real-time objects . Using these criteria, we evaluate existing interpersonal communications technologies. We then describe an implementation of a system (TeleNotes) that is designed to support lightweight interaction by meeting these criteria. The interface metaphor allows communications to be based around desktop objects, resembling “sticky notes.” These objects are also organized into “desktop piles” to support conversational threads and provide mechanisms for initiating real-time audio, video, and application sharing. We conducted informal user testing of several system prototypes. Based on our findings, outstanding issues concerning theory and systems design for communication systems are outlined—in particular, with regard to the issue of managing conversations over time.