gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption ofC60andC84on the Si(100)2×1 surface studied by using the scanning tunneling microscope (1993)

The adsorption of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{84}$ on the Si(100)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface is investigated by using the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the scanning tunneling spectroscope (STS). Both of the molecules occupy the trough surrounded by four neighboring dimers. The results show that both ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{84}$ form strong bonds with the Si substrate. Multiple-layer adsorption of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{84}$ results in formation of ordered crystalline islands with the fcc(111) configuration. The internal structures have also been observed for the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{84}$ molecules of the first layer adsorbed on the Si(100) surface. In the case of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{84}$ molecules, those of the ordered multiple-layer surface also show similar internal structures. We take these STM images as evidence that the rotation of the individual fullerenes is suppressed significantly on the Si surface. Comparing with the theoretical results, these STM images are attributed to the reflection of the partial charge density of the states of the molecule near the Fermi level. The electronic structures characterized by STS are in good agreement with the recent theoretical calculation and show significant charge transfer from the Si substrate to the adsorbates.
Atomic layer deposition of nano-TiO2 thin films with enhanced biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity for orthopedic implants (2017)

Luting Liu,1 Ritwik Bhatia,2 Thomas J Webster1,3 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, 2Ultratech Inc., Waltham, MA, USA; 3Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People&rsquo;s Republic of China Abstract: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been extensively used as implant materials in orthopedic applications. Nevertheless, implants may fail due to a lack of osseointegration and/or infection. The aim of this in vitro study was to endow an implant surface with favorable biological properties by the dual modification of surface chemistry and nanostructured topography. The application of a nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating on Ti-based implants has been proposed as a potential way to enhance tissue-implant interactions while inhibiting bacterial colonization simultaneously due to its chemical stability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. In this paper, temperature-controlled atomic layer deposition (ALD) was introduced for the first time to provide unique nanostructured TiO2 coatings on Ti substrates. The effect of nano-TiO2 coatings with different morphology and structure on human osteoblast and fibroblast functions and bacterial activities was investigated. In vitro results indicated that the TiO2 coating stimulated osteoblast adhesion and proliferation while suppressing fibroblast adhesion and proliferation compared to uncoated materials. In addition, the introduction of nano-TiO2 coatings was shown to inhibit gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), all without resorting to the use of antibiotics. Our results suggest that the increase in nanoscale roughness and greater surface hydrophilicity (surface energy) together could contribute to increased protein adsorption selectively, which may affect the cellular and bacterial activities. It was found that ALD-grown TiO2-coated samples with a moderate surface energy at 38.79 mJ/m2 showed relatively promising antibacterial properties and desirable cellular functions. The ALD technique provides a novel and effective strategy to produce TiO2 coatings with delicate control of surface nanotopography and surface energy to enhance the interfacial biocompatibility and mitigate bacterial infection, and could potentially be used for improving numerous orthopedic implants. Keywords: atomic layer deposition, titanium dioxide, nanostructure, osteoblast, fibroblast, antimicrobial activity
ChemInform Abstract: Ambient Lithium—SO2 Batteries with Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes. (2014)

Abstract An ambient Li—SO 2 battery is developed through the introduction of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes with tailored basicities to solvate SO 2 by reversible chemical absorption.
Safety of Levosimendan and Other Calcium Sensitizers (1995)

Levosimendan belongs to a new group of heart failure drugs, the calcium sensitizers. Because these compounds are not yet available for clinical use, the adverse drug events (ADEs) during levosimendan treatment cannot be predicted in detail. To evaluate the tolerability of levosimendan in human subjects, ADEs, safety laboratory values before and after treatment, and ambulatory ECG findings have been collected from several phase I and phase II clinical studies. By June 1994, approximately 200 subjects had received levosimendan. The most common ADE seen in healthy volunteers is headache, reported by some 40% of subjects in oral dosing but only 10% in i.v. dosing. The incidence of headache does not correlate well with the total daily dose of the drug. However, the controlled release formulations tested appear to cause vasodilatory symptoms more frequently than i.v. or rapid release oral formulations. The other typical vasodilatory ADEs seen in healthy volunteers are nausea, palpitation, and dizziness. Symptomatic hypotension is rarely encountered. It appears that heart failure patients tolerate the vasodilatory actions of the drug better than healthy volunteers. Only individual cases of headache, vertigo, and flushing have been reported, and injection site irritation has been the most commonly reported ADE (with an incidence <5%). However, because the longest administration of the i.v. infusion has been only 24 h, the duration of exposure to the drug is too short to allow any definitive conclusions to be drawn. All patients who have received levosimendan have been monitored with an ambulatory ECG. Even though some increase in heart rate is seen with high doses of the drug, there are thus far no signs of an increased incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, nor have there been any noteworthy changes in the clinical laboratory safety tests. The experience with levosimendan is limited thus far and long-term data are lacking. It can be concluded, however, that at least in i.v. dosing the drug is devoid of ADEs with significant medical seriousness.
Twinkle: Interacting with physical surfaces using handheld projector (2010)

We propose a novel interface called Twinkle for interacting with an arbitrary physical surface using a handheld projector and a camera. When a user flashes a projection light on an object, the projected images react as if the user touched the object with the light. The handheld device recognizes the features of the physical environment and displays images and sounds that are generated in real-time according to the user's motion and collisions of projected images with objects. We realize this system by using several image-processing techniques and a collision detection algorithm. We also use an acceleration sensor to compensate for the image processing. In this paper, we explain the principle of interacting with a physical surface. Then, we describe the implementation of the prototype system and some application examples.
New Insights into Thyroglobulin Pathophysiology Revealed by the Study of a Family with Congenital Goiter (2010)

The shorter thyroglobulin resulting from the novel g.IVS35+1delG was retained within the endoplasmic reticulum of thyrocytes, and together with p.R227X caused severe hypothyroidism with goiter. p.R277X, the most commonly described TG mutation, is caused by a TG exon-7 highly mutation-prone region, and the possibility that some cases were introduced to South America from Galicia cannot be excluded.
Supplementary Table 1 from BRG1 Loss Predisposes Lung Cancers to Replicative Stress and ATR Dependency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differential RNA-seq analysis and list of all gene ontology and cancer reactome pathways found for top differentially upregulated genes in BRG1 mutant lung cancer patients compared to BRG1 wildtype patients, in the TCGA, PanCancer databases.&lt;/p&gt;
Behavior of Square Slender RC Columns Strengthened with Longitudinal FRP Sheets Subjected to Eccentric Loading (2021)

In this study, the grooving method was employed to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) columns with longitudinal fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, and the performance of columns was investigated under both concentric and eccentric loadings. Furthermore, the effects of longitudinal FRP sheets and the grooving method on the ductility of strengthened concrete columns were studied. For this study, 12 slender square concrete columns with a slenderness ratio of 25 were subjected to eccentric loading with various eccentricity-to-cross section ratios (e/h) equal to 0, 0.24, 0.48, and 0.72 (i.e., eccentricities of 0, 30, 60, and 90 mm). Externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) and externally bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) methods were utilized for FRP strengthening of the specimens. The results demonstrated that for the eccentricity ratios of 0, 0.24, 0.48, and 0.72, the load-carrying capacity of the columns strengthened with the EBROG method increased by 10.6%, 19.6%, 68.8%, and 99.3%, respectively, compared to those of the nonstrengthened columns. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) analyses demonstrated that under all the loading conditions investigated, the grooving method effectively improved the column performance, including load-bearing and flexural capacities. Such analysis also revealed that the application of longitudinal FRP sheets led to significant enhancements in the ductility of the columns tested.
Notiz uber einige neue Diphenylather-aldehyde und deren Thiosemicarbazone. (1957)

4'-Hydroxy-4-formyl-, 4'-Carboxy-4-formyl- und 4, 4'-Diformyldiphenylather wurden aus den entsprechenden Methyldiphenylathern uber Bromverbindungen synthetisiert und deren Thiosemicarbazone dargestellt.
Optimized gear shifting strategy of an automated manual transmission based vehicle (2011)

A ruled based strategy for the gear shifting process based on optimal control is designed in this report; for this purpose, two vehicles equipped with an automated manual transmission are used for this study. Quasistatic modeling is used to compute the fuel consumption of the vehicle over a predefined driving Static Optimization is used first to find the maximum fuel savings that can be achieved without any restriction in the shifting command. Dynamic Programming (DP) is used to solve the optimization problem, including a restriction in the shifting command, to provide the benchmark fuel savings that can be achieved using the current power train. Several driving cycles are used in this study including a more realistic driving cycle so called Hurk Cycle and an own created driving cycle so called Test drive cycle. The simulations results using DP showed that fuel savings of more than 15% can be achieved. A Ruled Based (RB) strategy is designed using the simulations results of DP. The fuel savings achieved using the rule based strategies are comparable with the DP algorithm. This RB strategy provides an insight to design a shifting map that can be implementable in a real vehicle.
Changes in SARS-CoV-2 viral load and mortality during the initial wave of the pandemic in New York City (2021)

Public health interventions such as social distancing and mask wearing decrease the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether they decrease the viral load of infected patients and whether changes in viral load impact mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated 6923 patients with COVID-19 at six New York City hospitals from March 15-May 14, 2020, corresponding with the implementation of public health interventions in March. We assessed changes in cycle threshold (CT) values from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests and in-hospital mortality and modeled the impact of viral load on mortality. Mean CT values increased between March and May, with the proportion of patients with high viral load decreasing from 47.7% to 7.8%. In-hospital mortality increased from 14.9% in March to 28.4% in early April, and then decreased to 8.7% by May. Patients with high viral loads had increased mortality compared to those with low viral loads (adjusted odds ratio 2.34). If viral load had not declined, an estimated 69 additional deaths would have occurred (5.8% higher mortality). SARS-CoV-2 viral load steadily declined among hospitalized patients in the setting of public health interventions, and this correlated with decreases in mortality.
Neural Stem Cell–Based Anticancer Gene Therapy: A First-in-Human Study in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma Patients (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Human neural stem cells (NSC) are inherently tumor tropic, making them attractive drug delivery vehicles. Toward this goal, we retrovirally transduced an immortalized, clonal NSC line to stably express cytosine deaminase (HB1.F3.CD.C21; CD-NSCs), which converts the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).<b>Experimental Design:</b> Recurrent high-grade glioma patients underwent intracranial administration of CD-NSCs during tumor resection or biopsy. Four days later, patients began taking oral 5-FC every 6 hours for 7 days. Study treatment was given only once. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation schema was used to increase doses of CD-NSCs from 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 5 × 10<sup>7</sup> and 5-FC from 75 to 150 mg/kg/day. Intracerebral microdialysis was performed to measure brain levels of 5-FC and 5-FU. Serial blood samples were obtained to assess systemic drug concentrations as well as to perform immunologic correlative studies.<b>Results:</b> Fifteen patients underwent study treatment. We saw no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) due to the CD-NSCs. There was 1 DLT (grade 3 transaminitis) possibly related to 5-FC. We did not see development of anti-CD-NSC antibodies and did not detect CD-NSCs or replication-competent retrovirus in the systemic circulation. Intracerebral microdialysis revealed that CD-NSCs produced 5-FU locally in the brain in a 5-FC dose-dependent manner. Autopsy data indicate that CD-NSCs migrated to distant tumor sites and were nontumorigenic.<b>Conclusions:</b> Collectively, our results from this first-in-human study demonstrate initial safety and proof of concept regarding the ability of NSCs to target brain tumors and locally produce chemotherapy. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 2951-60. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Electrocatalytic Processes for the Valorization of CO2: Synthesis of Cyanobenzoic Acid Using Eco-Friendly Strategies (2019)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a known greenhouse gas, and is the most important contributor to global warming. Therefore, one of the main challenges is to either eliminate or reuse it through the synthesis of value-added products, such as carboxylated derivatives. One of the most promising approaches for activating, capturing, and valorizing CO2 is the use of electrochemical techniques. In the current manuscript, we described an electrocarboxylation route for synthesizing 4-cyanobenzoic acid by valorizing CO2 through the synergistic use of electrochemical techniques (“green technology”) and ionic liquids (ILs) (“green solvents”)—two of the major entries in the general green chemistry tool kit. Moreover, the use of silver cathodes and ILs enabled the electrochemical potential applied to be reduced by more than 0.4 V. The “green” synthesis of those derivatives would provide a suitable environmentally friendly process for the design of plasticizers based on phthalate derivatives.
Development of ZnTe as a back contact material for thin film cadmium telluride solar cells (2017)

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is high-efficiency commercialised thin film photovoltaic technology. However, developing a stable low-resistivity back contact to the CdTe solar cells is still an issue. High work function and low level of doping of this material don't allow to create an ohmic contact with metals directly. Copper is commonly used to lower the back contact barrier in CdTe solar cells, but an excessive amount of copper diffusing through the cell is harmful for the device performance and stability. In this work a copper-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu) buffer layer was incorporated in between CdTe and gold metal contact by high-rate pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The back contact was then activated by rapid thermal processing (RTP) resulting in spectacular improvement in key device performance indicators, open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF).
Stability of ternary transcription complexes of vaccinia virus RNA polymerase at promoter-proximal positions. (1992)

We have used DNA templates containing a vaccinia early promoter fused to G-less cassettes of varying length to study the formation of ternary transcription complexes by vaccinia virus RNA polymerase. Elongating polymerases were induced to pause at discrete sites on the DNA template by omission of GTP from transcription reactions. For most of the templates examined, the predominant sites of pausing were at or near the downstream border of the G-less transcription unit, as revealed by the size distribution of labeled RNAs synthesized in pulse-labeling reactions. Stability of ternary complexes containing nascent RNAs of any given length was assessed by the ability of these RNAs to be elongated upon provision of GTP. This criterion of stability could be met by complexes containing nascent RNAs as short as seven, eight, or nine nucleotides. In the presence of 3'-OMeGTP, nearly homogeneous populations of 3'-coterminal elongation complexes were positioned at the first G residue of the template. 3'-OMeG-arrested polymerases resumed elongation upon addition of GTP, apparently via sequential pyrophosphorolysis and nucleotide exchange at the site of elongation block. The ability to fix the 3' end facilitated analysis of initiation site choice based on the sizes of short nascent transcripts. Site choice was flexible and depended on the concentration of both the potential initiating NTP and the donor NTP participating in first phosphodiester bond formation. RNA polymerase could initiate at multiple positions within a nine-nucleotide region of the template. The rate of chain elongation by vaccinia polymerase during a single synchronous round of RNA synthesis was found to be 20-50 nucleotides per second.
Studies on cardiac ingredients of plants. III. Structural confirmation and biological activity of reduced proscillaridins. (1987)

Catalytic hydrogenation of proscillaridin (I) gave five compounds (II-VI) which were successfully separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of II-VI were determined on the basis of the proton, carbon-13 and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-, 13C-and 2D-NMR) spectra. The configurations of IV and V were determined by circular dichroism spectral analyses.Relationships between the chemical structures and biological activities of I-VI were studiedby the use of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle and an Na+, K +-adenosine triphosphatase preparation from dog kidney. The biological activity of each compound was evaluated in terms of pD2 and pIC50 values, while the inotropic speed of each compound was evaluated in terms of T50 value. The activities of the reduced compounds (II-VI) were weaker than that of proscillaridin (I), but the inotropic speeds were faster.A significant correlation was obtained between the13C-NMR chemical shifts of C-24 and the pD2 values of I-VI (r= 0.95, p < 0.01). The T50 values and 13C-NMR chemical shifts of C-18 also showed a remarkable correlation (r=0.96, p<0.01).
Sensorless control of a dual‐airgap axial flux permanent magnet machine for flywheel energy storage system (2013)

This study presents the sensorless vector control of a dual‐airgap axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine optimised for use in flywheel energy storage system (FESS) applications. The proposed AFPM machine has two sets of three‐phase stator windings but only requires a single power converter to control both electromagnetic torque and axial levitation force. The proper controllability of the latter is crucial as it can be utilised to minimise the vertical bearing stress to improve the efficiency of the FESS. The method for controlling the speed and axial displacement of the machine is discussed. An inherent speed sensorless observer is also proposed for speed estimation. The proposed observer eliminates the rotary encoder, which in turn reduces the overall weight and cost of the system while improving its reliability. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been verified by simulations and experiments on a prototype machine.
A Review on Feature Extraction Techniques in Face Recognition (2012)

Face recognition systems due to their significant application in the security scopes, have been of great importance in recent years. The existence of an exact balance between the computing cost, robustness and their ability for face recognition is an important characteristic for such systems. Besides, trying to design the systems performing under different conditions (e.g. illumination, variation of pose, different expression and etc. ) is a challenging problem in the feature extraction of the face recognition. As feature extraction is an important step in the face recognition operation, in the present study four techniques of feature extraction in the face recognition were reviewed, subsequently comparable results were presented, and then the advantages and the disadvantages of these methods were discussed.
Role of growth factors in the contraction and maintenance of collagen lattices made with arterial smooth muscle cells (1991)

The contraction of collagen lattices made with arterial smooth muscle cells was studied in medium MCDB 107 without serum or supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum, plus insulin, transferrin, and low-density lipoprotein. Under these conditions, smooth muscle cell mitogens including HBGF-1 (aFGF), PDGF, and EGF stimulated contraction. Stimulation by HBGF-1 was more profound than with other factors tested. HBGF-1 stimulation of lattice contraction was blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors, but not inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Histological observations indicated that HBGF-1 also enhanced the maintenance of healthy cells in the lattice. Taken together, these observations suggest that HBGF-1 stimulates lattice contraction, not by a mitogenic effect, but by stimulating synthesis of specific cellular proteins. Since the greatest effects of HBGF-1 on lattice contraction were seen during the first 72 h following casting, the effects on maintenance of cell viability are probably less important in promoting lattice contraction.