gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Austenite steel transformations under the influence of fatigue loading (2008)

Behavior of materials and structures in fatigue non-proportional loading conditions, characterized by the principal axes rotation during fatigue cycles, is an important issue because of its impact on fatigue properties. The article presents results of an analysis ofmicrostructural steel X5CrNi18-10, subjected to proportional fatigue loadings: torsion and push-pull, as well as non-proportional ones.Variability of the principal axes positions of non-proportional loadings was obtained by using a loading program with alternately realized torsion and tension-compression blocks. The work includes an analysis of one-phase microstructure and microhardness tests of fatigue samples were carried out. The cyclic loading value accepted for the tests caused an martensite transformation induced by plastic strain and occurrence of slip bands in the grains of austenite. A comparative analysis revealed differences in the transformation intensity, depending on the type of applied loading and on the degree of its non-proportionality.
In‐situ measurement of atmospheric NO3 and N2O5 via cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (2001)

We report the application of cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CaRDS), a high‐sensitivity absorption technique, to the in‐situ detection of both NO 3 and N 2 O 5 in ambient air. The detection limit for NO 3 , measuring absorption in its strong, 662‐nm band, is 0.3 pptv at STP (50 s integration time). Heating the air flow through the inlet thermally dissociates N 2 O 5 to yield NO 3 , whose detection gives the ambient concentration of N 2 O 5 . The instrument was successfully field tested in March–April, 2001 at a site in the tropospheric boundary layer in Boulder, Colorado. This study is the first fast‐response (5s‐1 min), in‐situ detection of NO 3 . It is also the first in‐situ detection of N 2 O 5 and the first observation of this species in the troposphere. Both NO 3 and N 2 O 5 showed considerable temporal variability, highlighting the need for a fast‐response instrument.
Chapter 2 Mechanisms of epilepsy (2009)

Extract Basic functional anatomy Cerebral cortex Most seizures are thought to result from a malfunction of the cerebral cortex and its interaction with subcortical structures. The cerebral cortex is a layer of grey matter that surrounds both cerebral hemispheres (therefore the name cerebral cortex, i.e. cerebral bark). It folds in a complicated fashion, defining on the cerebral surface the sulci (depressions of the surface of the brain, sulcus is singular) and the gyri (bulging regions of the brain surface, gyrus is singular) (Fig. 2.1).There are four main lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital. In addition, there are two deep depressions called fissures: the rolandic or central fissure between frontal and parietal lobes, and the sylvian fissures between frontal and temporal lobes. We will use the term cortex to refer to the cerebral cortex in order to distinguish it from the other main brain cortex, the cerebellar cortex, which does not appear to...
MAML2 negative oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of submandibular gland (2022)

Abstract Background Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Only a few cases are reported involving mostly the parotid gland with only four cases reported in the submandibular gland. Mastermind-like 2 (MAML2) translocation is detected in about 66% mucoepidermoid carcinoma and many oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Case presentation We present a rare case of MAML2 negative oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the submandibular gland in a 73-year-old female. CT revealed a large left submandibular gland mass. Submandibular gland resection with marginal mandibulectomy and ipsilateral neck dissection was performed. Grossly, a solid-cystic submandibular gland tumor was identified. Microscopic examination revealed an infiltrative proliferation of oncocytes. Foci of squamoid and intermediate cells with rare mucocytes were present. Two ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes and mandible were involved. Immunohistochemistry and special stains demonstrated positivity for p63, p40, CK5/6, mucicarmine and alcian blue. No MAML2 gene rearrangement was identified. Conclusion An awareness that MAML2 negative mucoepidermoid carcinoma exists will prevent misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment as many of its differential diagnoses are benign.
Synthesis and Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane-Polyimide Block Copolymers by Silylated Diamine Method. (1992)

両末端にアミノ基を有するポリジメチルシロキサン (PDMS) オリゴマー (PDMS-ジアミン) のアミノ基をトリメチルシリル化したものと坪トリメチルシリル化ビス (4-アミノフェニル) エーテルと無水ピロメリト酸とをジグライム中, 室温で反応させることにより, PDMS-ポリアミド酸トリメチルシリルエステルブロック共重合体を合成し, これを流延した後, 300℃に加熱することにより, ミクロ相分離構造を有するPDMS-ポリイミドブロック共重合体のフィルムを得た. このブロック共重合体は, 300℃以下では熱分解せず, 耐熱性エラストマーとして挙動することがわかった.
Acid dye diffusion in solvent-assisted dyeing (1972)

Rates of diffusion of Orange II into wool previously extracted with methanol and diethyl ether have been measured at 35°C and pH 7. 0 in the presence of a variety of organic solvents. In all cases studied, the presence of solvent decreases the rate of diffusion, which is found to be proportional to the total moles of solvent plus water in the fibre. The solvent can increase the uptake of this dye by wool if the wool is incompletely extracted.
Aardkundig erfgoed zoekt meer draagvlak (2017)

Voor het behoud van historische gebouwen, dorps- en stadsgezichten en natuurgebieden wordt vaak hard geknokt door burgers, verenigingen en betrokken ambtenaren. Bij aardkundig erfgoed ligt dat anders. Het is deels onzichtbaar en minder mensen hebben er verstand van, dus er is minder draagvlak. Scholen en universiteiten kunnen hierin een grote rol spelen, aldus Pim Jungerius en Hanneke van den Ancker van Geoheritage NL.
Suppression of gene amplification and chromosomal DNA integration by the DNA mismatch repair system (2001)

Mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cells are shown to produce >15-fold more methotrexate-resistant colonies than MMR normal cells. The increased resistance to methotrexate is primarily due to gene amplification since all the resistant clones contain double-minute chromosomes and increased copy numbers of the DHFR gene. In addition, integration of linearized or retroviral DNAs into chromosomes is also significantly elevated in MMR-deficient cells. These results suggest that in addition to microsatellite instability and homeologous recombination, MMR is also involved in suppression of other genome instabilities such as gene amplification and chromosomal DNA integration.
Proceedings of the 15th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (2003)

Volume 1: Environment, Loads, Quasi-Static Response, Dynamics Response, Ultimate Strength, Fatigue and Fracture, Design Principles and Criteria, Design Methods.
Weiterfuhrende Links (2020)

Die „App auf Rezept“ ist Realität! Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) sind in Deutschland zum integralen Bestandteil der gesetzlichen Gesundheitsversorgung geworden. Damit ist ein zentrales Projekt im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation der Medizin in die Umsetzungsphase vorgedrungen. Diese mutige systemische Ergänzung eröffnet Chancen, die jetzt genutzt werden können. Hier leistet das vorliegende Buch seinen Beitrag.
.beta.-Substituted .beta.-phenylpropionyl chymotrypsins. Structural and stereochemical features in stable acyl enzymes (1991)

In order to develop effective alternate substrate inhibitors for the serine protease, we have prepared a series of beta-substituted beta-phenylpropionic acid esters related to some systems known to form stable acyl enzymes with alpha-chymotrypsin. Some of these compounds were prepared in enantiomerically pure form by asymmetric synthesis. Acyl enzyme species were generated from chymotrypsin by reaction with the active esters, and the progress of deacylation was monitored by the proflavin displacement assay. In some cases, it was possible to distinguish two different deacylation rates that correspond to the two enantiomers. beta-Phenylpropionic acyl enzymes with beta-substituents that are nonpolar were not especially stable, but a number of the polar derivatives and particularly the acylamino derivatives showed slow rates of deacylation (kd less than 0.005 min-1), with three systems showing deacylation enantioselectivities in the range of 500-1500. These results are consistent with a model in which additional stabilization of the acyl enzyme and enantioselectivity in the deacylation process derives from an additional hydrogen bond between the acyl enzyme species (as an acceptor) and the enzyme (as a donor). A number of active site residues that might be involved in this hydrogen bond are discussed.
Unbiased Recursive Partitioning: A Conditional Inference Framework (2006)

Recursive binary partitioning is a popular tool for regression analysis. Two fundamental problems of exhaustive search procedures usually applied to fit such models have been known for a long time: overfitting and a selection bias towards covariates with many possible splits or missing values. While pruning procedures are able to solve the overfitting problem, the variable selection bias still seriously affects the interpretability of tree-structured regression models. For some special cases unbiased procedures have been suggested, however lacking a common theoretical foundation. We propose a unified framework for recursive partitioning which embeds tree-structured regression models into a well defined theory of conditional inference procedures. Stopping criteria based on multiple test procedures are implemented and it is shown that the predictive performance of the resulting trees is as good as the performance of established exhaustive search procedures. It turns out that the partitions and therefore the models induced by both approaches are structurally different, confirming the need for an unbiased variable selection. Moreover, it is shown that the prediction accuracy of trees with early stopping is equivalent to the prediction accuracy of pruned trees with unbiased variable selection. The methodology presented here is applicable to all kinds of regression problems, including nominal, ordinal, numeric, censored as well as multivariate response variables and arbitrary measurement scales of the covariates. Data from studies on glaucoma classification, node positive breast cancer survival and mammography experience are re-analyzed.
Formulation, Nutritional Evaluation and Storage Study of Supplementary Food (Panjiri) (2011)

Supplementary foods were formulated from locally available flours of cereal grain and legumes such as wheat flour, soybean flour and chick pea flour using household technologies like blending and roasting. The proximate composition of product used for preparation of supplementary food fortified with 10% skimmed milk powder contained higher amount of protein and other nutrients. They contained proteins (16.2 to 21.1%), fat (1.9 to 4.5%), fiber (1.28 to 1.78%), ash (0.7 to 1.40%) and carbohydrates (67.66 to 77.2%). Also showed that soy flour / chickpea flour alone or in combination, both increased the amount of protein significantly. Soy flour fortification was considered the best because it is rich in protein with good product acceptability. The total energy expressed in terms of Kcal per 100 g of product varied from 350.7 to 395.8. The various minerals viz., calcium, phosphorus and iron were found to increase on supplementation with 10% skimmed milk powder. Shelf life of the product was good in both polyethylene and laminate packaging materials for the period of three months.
L-RAPiT: A Cloud-Based Computing Pipeline for the Analysis of Long-Read RNA Sequencing Data (2022)

Long-read sequencing (LRS) has been adopted to meet a wide variety of research needs, ranging from the construction of novel transcriptome annotations to the rapid identification of emerging virus variants. Amongst other advantages, LRS preserves more information about RNA at the transcript level than conventional high-throughput sequencing, including far more accurate and quantitative records of splicing patterns. New studies with LRS datasets are being published at an exponential rate, generating a vast reservoir of information that can be leveraged to address a host of different research questions. However, mining such publicly available data in a tailored fashion is currently not easy, as the available software tools typically require familiarity with the command-line interface, which constitutes a significant obstacle to many researchers. Additionally, different research groups utilize different software packages to perform LRS analysis, which often prevents a direct comparison of published results across different studies. To address these challenges, we have developed the Long-Read Analysis Pipeline for Transcriptomics (L-RAPiT), a user-friendly, free pipeline requiring no dedicated computational resources or bioinformatics expertise. L-RAPiT can be implemented directly through Google Colaboratory, a system based on the open-source Jupyter notebook environment, and allows for the direct analysis of transcriptomic reads from Oxford Nanopore and PacBio LRS machines. This new pipeline enables the rapid, convenient, and standardized analysis of publicly available or newly generated LRS datasets.
MIMO Relaying With Linear Processing for Multiuser Transmission in Fixed Relay Networks (2008)

In this paper, a novel relaying strategy that uses multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fixed relays with linear processing to support multiuser transmission in cellular networks is proposed. The fixed relay processes the received signal with linear operations and forwards the processed signal to multiple users creating a multiuser MIMO relay. This paper proposes upper and lower bounds on the achievable sum rate for this architecture assuming zero-forcing dirty paper coding at the base station, neglecting the direct links from the base station to the users, and with certain structure in the relay. These bounds are used to motivate an implementable multiuser precoding strategy that combines Tomlinson-Harashima precoding at the base station and linear signal processing at the relay, adaptive stream selection, and QAM modulation. Reduced complexity algorithms based on the sum rate lower bounds are used to select a subset of users. We compare the sum rates achieved by the proposed system architecture and algorithms with the sum rate upper bound and the sum rate achieved by the decode-and-forward relaying.
16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Program, Extended Abstracts, and Papers (2006)

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes held August 6-9, 2006 in Denver, Colorado. The workshop addressed the fundamental properties of PV-Si, new solar cell designs, and advanced solar cell processing techniques. It provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The Workshop Theme was: "Getting more (Watts) for Less ($i)". A combination of oral presentations by invited speakers, poster sessions, and discussion sessions reviewed recent advances in crystal growth, new cell structures, new processes and process characterization techniques, and cell fabrication approaches suitable for future manufacturing demands. The special sessions included: Feedstock Issues: Si Refining and Purification; Metal-impurity Engineering; Thin Film Si; and Diagnostic Techniques.
High purity bright single photon source (2007)

Using cavity-enhanced non-degenerate parametric down-conversion, we have built a frequency tunable source of heralded single photons with a narrow bandwidth of 8 MHz, making it compatible with atomic quantum memories. The photon state is 70% pure single photon as characterized by a tomographic measurement and reconstruction of the quantum state, revealing a clearly negative Wigner function. Furthermore, it has a spectral brightness of ~1,500 photons/s per MHz bandwidth, making it one of the brightest single photon sources available. We also investigate the correlation function of the down-converted fields using a combination of two very distinct detection methods; photon counting and homodyne measurement.
Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and Clostridium difficile toxin A in feces of horses with diarrhea and colic (1999)

Clostridia are important etiologic agents of diarrhea in horses. Additionally, changes in intestinal flora of horses with colic may allow for proliferation of clostridia and elaboration of enterotoxins regardless of whether diarrhea develops.
Studies on Simulation and Real Time Implementation of LQG Controller for Autonomous Navigation (2021)

The advancement in embedded systems and positional accuracy with base station GPS modules created opportunity to develop high performance autonomous ground vehicles. However, the development of vehicle model and making accurate state estimations play vital role in reducing the cross track error. The present research focus on developing Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) with Kalman estimator for autonomous ground vehicle to track various routes, that are made with the series of waypoints. The model developed in the LQG controller is a kinematic bicycle model, which mimics 1/5th scale truck. Further, the cubic spline fit has been used to connect the waypoints and generate the continuous desired/target path. The testing and implementation has been done at APS labs, MTU on the mentioned vehicle to study the performance of controller. Python has been used for simulations, controller coding and interfacing the sensors with controller. From the results, it has been confirmed that, the vehicle is able to track the given path within the cross track error of ±0.2m.
Effect of localized pulsed electromagnetic fields on tail‐suspension osteopenia in growing mice (1991)

Pulsed magnetic fields (PEMFs) have been used effectively to treat bone fractures and sciatic-nerve-section-induced osteopenias. Properly applied PEMFs are presumed to stimulate osteogenesis. Mouse-tail suspension has been implemented as a means of inducing an osteopenic response in the long bones of the hind limbs. To evaluate localized PEMF effects, the mouse-suspension model was modified to accommodate the use of miniature wire coils affixed directly to the rear legs. Laterally and axially orientated PEMF effects were compared. Three test groups of mice included (C) control mice, (S) tail-suspended mice with treatment apparatus attached, and (SF) tail-suspended mice with apparatus attached and PEMFs delivered. The SF group was divided into mice receiving axial or lateral PEMFs. Significant bone changes occurred in suspended as compared with control mice after a 2-week test period. The PEMF mice showed significantly fewer osteopenic effects than did untreated, suspended mice. These findings are based on biomechanical measures of stiffness, strength, ductility, and energy as well as whole-bone mass and porosity. The effects of PEMFs on these properties differ for axial and lateral exposures. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms underlying PEMF effects.
Design of white light-emitting diodes using InGaN/AlInGaN quantum-well structures (2004)

Based on the Rashba–Sheka–Pikus Hamiltonian in the vicinity of the Γ point, and taking into consideration spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization, the optical intensity of nitride-based quantum-well light-emitting diodes has been calculated. It is found that strain substantially alters the subband structure and thus the output intensity of these nitride-biased quantum-well light-emitting diodes. A design that uses AlInGaN as the quantum barrier is proposed to realize efficient red emission, which is hard to achieve if GaN is used as the barrier. In the proposed design, three different InGaN/AlInGaN quantum-well structures emit red, green, and blue light of similar intensity. Also, to achieve high efficiency, important factors related to the oscillator strength are discussed in detail.
Ribbon channel plate rotating drum DNA sequencing device (1996)

A new design DNA sequencing electrophoresis device is described. The device, called the ribbon channeled plate rotating drum (rprd), consists of two major components, the plate assembly and the drum assembly. The plate assembly contains a machined or etched plate of individual micro-channels called the ribbon channeled plate. The ribbon channeled plate and other components of the plate assembly combine the advantages of thin gels and capillary arrays in a single unit with few of the disadvantages. The other major component of rprd is the drum assembly, which facilitates direct blotting onto deposition membranes affixed to a large plastic drum. The drum with attached membrane and deposited electrophoretically resolved ladders is easily moved to special units facilitating downstream processing and detection. The drum unit, although versatile, is specifically designed to be used with multiplex sequencing.
Spatial Multiplexing Architectures with Jointly Designed Rate-Tailoring and Ordered BLAST Decoding - Part I: Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff Analysis (2008)

The V-BLAST (vertical Bell Labs layered Space- Time) architecture involves independent coding/decoding per antenna (layer) with equal rate and power per antenna and a fixed order of nulling/canceling decoding but is known to suffer from poor performance; for example, in a multi-input multioutput (MIMO) Rayleigh fading channel with Mt transmit and Mr receive antennas (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ⩾ M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ), the diversity-multiplexing gain (D-M) tradeoff is just (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> - M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> +1)(1 - r/Mt) for r ε [0,Mt]. There are two remedies available, namely, (i) channel-dependent ordered decoding at the receiver and (ii) allocation of rates and powers across the transmit antennas. However, the former doesn't improve the D-M tradeoff curve and while the latter does (with maximum diversity gain Mr and maximum multiplexing gain Mt), its tradeoff curve is still significantly inferior compared to the D-M tradeoff curve of the optimum (unconstrained) MIMO architecture. In this two-part paper, it is shown that a dramatically better D-M tradeoff and error (e.g. outage) probability can be obtained if the two remedies, i.e., ordered BLAST decoding and rate/power allocation, are judiciously combined. Indeed, a framework is developed for jointly designing channel-dependent ordered decoding at the receiver and decoding order-dependent rate/power allocation at the transmitter. The framework encompasses a large class of new spatial multiplexing architectures (SMAs). In this part, an upper bound to the D-M tradeoff for this class is obtained and found to be quite close to the optimal D-M tradeoff of the MIMO channel. Two special SMAs are proposed corresponding to two different decoding orderings. One is called the Norm ordering Rate Tailored SMA (NRT-SMA), and the other is called the Greedy ordering Rate Tailored SMA (GRT-SMA).