gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Diseases (2018)

This chapter discusses the spontaneous autoimmune diseases parallel the human diseases vitiligo, scleroderma, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis and will likely be instrumental in understanding these and other autoimmune diseases. It describes the thymocyte and T-cell hyperproliferation that was later found to be characteristic of the Obese strain (OS) chicken. Although antibody responses following immunizations seen thus far have not demonstrated any differences in antibody titer or response times between OS and other normal chicken strains, lymphokines secreted by hyperactive T cells might modulate preferential class switching, antigen-presenting capabilities, or B-cell activity and differentiation in general. Birds with B were first found to be low responders by Bacon et al., however, later inbreeding by Hal+á demonstrated B birds with severe disease probably due to the effect of non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. Among the examples of genetically determined autoimmune diseases in chickens are the Smyth-DAM line, which develop amelanosis resembling human vitiligo, and the UCD line 200 chicken which develops progressive systemic sclerosis.
Fault Classification with Robust Knowledge Transfer for Single Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems (2019)

Disturbances in grid connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVS) can cause voltage collapse, trigger shutdown of the power electronic converters and cause voltage fluctuations in the grid. These faults may result in harmonics, asymmetry, flicker and stability problems. Hence, continuous monitoring of GCPVS to classify the fault or operating condition of the system is necessary. In this paper, a fault classification method for GCPVS is developed using a modified method of knowledge transfer incorporating cross-validation methods. The adapted method learns the system characteristics using privileged information in the training set. The proposed classification method is simulated by considering eight different GCPV faults and subjecting them to cepstrum feature extraction. The results depicted 98.5% classification accuracy and 1.5% error rate, which is better when compared with the conventional classification process.
ChemInform Abstract: Luteophanols B and C, New Polyhydroxyl Compounds from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Generation of Transgenic Cynomolgus Monkeys Overexpressing the Gene for Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and understanding its pathogenesis should lead to improved therapeutic and diagnostic methods. Although several groups have developed transgenic mouse models overexpressing the human amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) gene with AD mutations, with and without presenilin mutations, as well as APP gene knock-in mouse models, these animals display amyloid pathology but do not show neurofibrillary tangles or neuronal loss. This presumably is due to differences between the etiology of the aged-related human disease and the mouse models. Here we report the generation of two transgenic cynomolgus monkeys overexpressing the human gene for APP with Swedish, Artic, and Iberian mutations, and demonstrated expression of gene tagged green fluorescent protein marker in the placenta, amnion, hair follicles, and peripheral blood. We believe that these nonhuman primate models will be very useful to study the pathogenesis of dementia and AD. However, generated Tg monkeys still have some limitations. We employed the CAG promoter, which will promote gene expression in a non-tissue specific manner. Moreover, we used transgenic models but not knock-in models. Thus, the inserted transgene destroys endogenous gene(s) and may affect the phenotype(s). Nevertheless, it will be of great interest to determine whether these Tg monkeys will develop tauopathy and neurodegeneration similar to human AD.
Renforcer la sécurité du chiffrement en couplant cryptographie quantique et cryptographie classique (2011)

National audience
Chiral Pyrimidine Metallacalixarenes: Synthesis, Structure and Host–Guest Chemistry (2003)

A set of enantiomerically pure cyclic multinuclear complexes with the formula cis-[a(2)PdL](n) (n+) [a(2)=(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (R,R-dach), (S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (S,S-dach); n=4, 6; LH=2-hydroxypyrimidine (2-Hpymo), 4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine (2-Hdmpymo) and 4-hydroxypyrimidine (4-Hpymo)] were obtained by reaction of cis-[a(2)Pd(H(2)O)(2)](2+) and LH in aqueous media. The polynuclear complexes were studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. These studies revealed that the N1,N3-bridging mode exhibited by the pyrimidine moieties is ideally suited for formation of inorganic analogues of calixarenes (metallacalixarenes) in a self-assembly process. The most stable species are the tetranuclear metallacalix[4]arenes, which are obtained in all cases. Hexanuclear species, namely, [a(2)Pd(2-dmpymo)](6) (6+), were also isolated and fully characterised. (1)H NMR experiments show conversion of [a(2)Pd(2-dmpymo)](6) (6+) to [a(2)Pd(2-dmpymo)](4) (4+) on heating. Analogously to organic calixarenes, these systems are also capable of incorporating hard metal ions at the oxo surface. Additionally, investigations on the receptor properties of these metallacalixarenes towards mononucleotides showed that enantioselective recognition processes occur in aqueous media.
Influence of extraction temperature on the final quality of espresso coffee (2003)

Abstract The final quality of espresso coffee (EC) depends upon certain technical conditions, such as the extraction temperature used in preparing it. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of water temperature (88, 92, 96 and 98 °C) on the final quality of three types of EC (Arabica, Robusta Natural blend and Robusta Torrefacto blend) in order to select the optimal temperature. Volatile compound (analysed by Static headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and sensory flavour profiles were the most relevant parameters, whereas physicochemical, taste and mouthfeel parameters were not very useful for selecting the water temperature. For Arabica and Robusta Natural blend ECs, 92 °C was the optimal water temperature. For Robusta Torrefacto blend EC the overall acceptability might lead to the selection of 88 °C as the ideal water temperature, but the high percentages of key odorants related to roasty and earthy/musty flavours and the ‘not hot enough’ perception dictated the selection of 92 °C in this case as well. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Decellularized liver scaffolds promote liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (2019)

The resectable liver volume is strictly limited and this reduces the number of patients who may be treated. Recently, "tissue/organ decellularization", a new approach in bioengineering, has been investigated for its ability to produce a native organ scaffold by removing all the viable cells. Such a scaffold may support the repair of damaged or injured tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential contribution of liver scaffolds to hepatic regeneration after hepatectomy. We sutured the partial liver scaffolds onto the surfaces of partially hepatectomized porcine livers and assessed their therapeutic potential by immune histological analysis at various time points. Animals were sacrificed after surgery and the implanted scaffolds were evaluated for the infiltration of various types of cells. Immune histochemical study showed that blood vessel-like structures, covered with CD31 positive endothelial cells and ALB positive cells, were present in all parts of the scaffolds at days 10 and 28. Blood inflow was observed in some of these ductal structures. More interestingly, CK19 and EpCAM positive cells appeared at day 10. These results suggest that the implantation of a decellularized organ scaffold could promote structural reorganization after liver resection.
Application of Hi-C and other omics data analysis in human cancer and cell differentiation research (2021)

With the development of 3C (chromosome conformation capture) and its derivative technology Hi-C (High-throughput chromosome conformation capture) research, the study of the spatial structure of the genomic sequence in the nucleus helps researchers understand the functions of biological processes such as gene transcription, replication, repair, and regulation. In this paper, we first introduce the research background and purpose of Hi-C data visualization analysis. After that, we discuss the Hi-C data analysis methods from genome 3D structure, A/B compartment, TADs (topologically associated domain), and loop detection. We also discuss how to apply genome visualization technologies to the identification of chromosome feature structures. We continue with a review of correlation analysis differences among multi-omics data, and how to apply Hi-C and other omics data analysis into cancer and cell differentiation research. Finally, we summarize the various problems in joint analyses based on Hi-C and other multi-omics data. We believe this review can help researchers better understand the progress and applications of 3D genome technology.
Smoking is a risk factor for coronary spasm in young women. (1992)

These findings suggest that there is a very strong association between cigarette smoking and pure coronary spasm in young women.
Field Study on the Characteristic of the Eelgrass Bed under the Severe Wave Condition and Development of an Erosion-Proof Base for its Transplantation (2007)

The field observation revealed that eelgrass bed was gravel, on which they can take root, in the place where strong wave was observed. This finding gave a new idea of the base for eelgrass transplantation using gravel. Laboratory experiments showed that the eelgrass planted in the base was stable against the strong wave action, which the maximum amplitude of bottom velocity was 1.2 m/s. An erosion-proof base for transplantation of eelgrass was developed. The field test of transplantation was conducted at the place where theycannot survive by any conventional transplantation procedure because of the strong wave action. It was confirmed that transplanted eelgrass by the developed base grew stably and increased the number there.
A Version Space Perspective on Differentially Private Pool-Based Active Learning (2019)

We analyze pool-based active learning under a differential privacy guarantee. At every active learning step, some samples are selected to be labeled by an oracle, and the new labels are used to update the classifier. We want to preserve differential privacy during both the sample selection step and the classifier update step. To study the evolution of the active learner, we use the concept of a version space of possible hypotheses (classifiers). This concept helps establish a principled notion of the informativeness of a pool sample: When informative samples are labeled and used for training, the version space shrinks, yielding classifiers consistent with the labeled samples. To provide privacy, we query the oracle with both informative and non-informative samples using a simple randomized sampling scheme. We prove the privacy guarantee, and characterize the increase in label complexity resulting from our randomized sampling strategy. To examine how our theoretical analysis manifests in practice, we built an SVM-based active learner, and measured the accuracy and label complexity achieved with and without privacy.
OESTRADIOL AND HUMAN MALE ALCOHOL-RELATED AGGRESSION (2003)

It is suggested that endogenous female sex hormones may be related to empathic behaviour and could, thus, represent a counter-balancing factor in alcohol-related male aggressive behaviour. Altogether, oestrogen may represent a multifactor ingredient in the complex interactions of partner conflicts.
Detecting unknown malicious code by applying classification techniques on OpCode patterns (2012)

In previous studies classification algorithms were employed successfully for the detection of unknown malicious code. Most of these studies extracted features based on byte n-gram patterns in order to represent the inspected files. In this study we represent the inspected files using OpCode n-gram patterns which are extracted from the files after disassembly. The OpCode n-gram patterns are used as features for the classification process. The classification process main goal is to detect unknown malware within a set of suspected files which will later be included in antivirus software as signatures. A rigorous evaluation was performed using a test collection comprising of more than 30,000 files, in which various settings of OpCode n-gram patterns of various size representations and eight types of classifiers were evaluated. A typical problem of this domain is the imbalance problem in which the distribution of the classes in real life varies. We investigated the imbalance problem, referring to several real-life scenarios in which malicious files are expected to be about 10% of the total inspected files. Lastly, we present a chronological evaluation in which the frequent need for updating the training set was evaluated. Evaluation results indicate that the evaluated methodology achieves a level of accuracy higher than 96% (with TPR above 0.95 and FPR approximately 0.1), which slightly improves the results in previous studies that use byte n-gram representation. The chronological evaluation showed a clear trend in which the performance improves as the training set is more updated.
Comparison of defect processes in REAlO3 perovskites and RE3Al5O12 garnets (2013)

Abstract Defects can decrease the efficiency of scintillators by trapping electrons. Here, point defects in RE AlO 3 and RE 3 Al 5 O 12 are predicted with pair potential simulations, where RE is yttrium or a trivalent rare earth cation. It was found that RE AlO 3 shows a preference for Al 2 O 3 ‐excess whereas RE 3 Al 5 O 12 most readily exhibits RE 2 O 3 ‐excess. Also, lattice volume changes for the energetically favorable intrinsic mechanisms are relatively invariant as a function of RE cation size in RE 3 Al 5 O 12 , but not in RE AlO 3 . However, in non‐stoichiometric RE 3 Al 5 O 12 , the energetically preferred disorder mechanism results in an increasing lattice expansion with increasing RE radius whereas, in non‐stoichiometric perovskites, a relatively small, radius independent, lattice contraction is predicted. These results illustrate that defect behavior in RE AlO 3 perovskites and RE 3 Al 5 O 12 garnets is quite disimilar.
Table S2 from Digital PCR-Based T-cell Quantification–Assisted Deconvolution of the Microenvironment Reveals that Activated Macrophages Drive Tumor Inflammation in Uveal Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tumor T-cell count&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of the effects of phosphorylation by CK2 on the structure and binding properties of human HP1β (2014)

Proteins of the Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) family are regulators of chromatin structure and genome function in eukaryotes. Post-translational modifications expand the repertoire of the chemical diversity of HP1 proteins and regulate their activity. Here, we investigated the effect of phosphorylation by Casein kinase 2 (CK2) on the structure, dynamics and binding activity of human HP1β. We show that Ser89 in the hinge region is the most effective substrate, followed by Ser175 at the C-terminal tail. Phosphorylation at these sites results in localized conformational changes in HP1β that do not compromise the ability of the protein to bind chromatin.
Rod electroretinograms in an elevated cyclic guanosine monophosphate-type human retinal degeneration. Comparison with retinitis pigmentosa. (1990)

Unusual rod electroretinogram (ERG) intensity-response functions were recorded from three female patients with retinal degeneration who had visual acuities of 20/200, retinal arteriolar narrowing, and diffuse granularity of the retinal pigment epithelium. All three patients had rod b-waves that were profoundly subnormal in amplitude and markedly delayed in implicit time to bright stimuli. Rod a-wave slopes were reduced 50% below normal, indicating photoreceptor involvement. These unusual rod ERG intensity-response functions are similar to those previously reported for the isolated cat eye with elevated retinal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) after perfusion with isobutylmethylxanthine. This finding supports the idea that these three patients may have an elevation of retinal cGMP. Their rod ERG intensity-response functions are contrasted with those recorded from some patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Reactive extrusion for the synthesis of nylon 12 and maleated low‐density polyethylene blends via the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of lauryllactam (2009)

Abstract Nylon 12 was successfully synthesized in a twin‐screw extruder via the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of lauryllactam (LL). Maleated low‐density polyethylene (LDPE–MAH) was added to improve the mechanical properties of nylon 12. The in situ blends of nylon 12 and LDPE–MAH were characterized by mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy. With increasing LDPE–MAH content, the tensile strength and flexural strength decreased, whereas the blend had improved impact strength and achieved supertoughness when the content of LDPE–MAH was 30 wt %. In the in situ formed low‐density polyethylene‐ g ‐PA12 copolymer, the domain of the LDPE–MAH phase was finely dispersed in the nylon 12 matrix. The good interface between the two phases demonstrated that LDPE–MAH could be used as a macromolecular activator to induce the polymerization of LL. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Vehicle-Mounted Portable Mass Spectrometry System for the Covert Detection via Spatial Analysis of Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratories (2015)

The ability to detect atmospheric effluent from clandestine methamphetamine manufacture is a useful tool for law enforcement. A membrane inlet mass spectrometer is mounted onto an all-electric drive capable hybrid vehicle that samples the atmosphere while in motion. Attributing a latitude and longitude to each spectrum collected, unique chemical fingerprints from clandestine manufacture are then mapped. This location-based mass spectrum data provides a localization to an area of interest. The synthesis of methamphetamine precursors was performed, and the impurities from such reactions were observed. A mock manufacture was setup, and the impurities were introduced into the atmosphere via heating. The detection of products and impurities using this mobile platform has shown the effectiveness of locating and localizing the manufacture of methamphetamine.
Micro- nano-structuring particles in optical fibers through the fiber drawing, experimental and numerical study (2020)

International audience
The chlorination of propiophenone; determination of pKa value and of the course of the reaction (1990)

Chlorination of propiophenone in alkaline aqueous solution leads to formation of α-hydroxypropiophenone as the first detectable intermediate; this undergoes slower oxidation to aromatic acids without any accumulation of further intermediates. From the rates of the initial chlorination we have been able to determine the pK a value as 17.56 ± 0.51. Keywords: propiophenone, chlorination, hydrolysis, rearrangement, pK a .
Managing replicated copies in very large distributed systems (2002)

Data management in very large distributed systems (VLDS) is considered. A replication strategy that can offer a tradeoff between cost and quality of service is discussed. Imperfect replicated data, called quasi-copies, are considered in conjunction with the notion of file stashing. Stashing a file means placing copies of that file in several nodes of a computer network to augment the availability of the file, i.e. to be able to access the file when the file server that holds it is no longer reachable. The stash propagation problem of how to efficiently propagate updates to the stashed copies throughout the system is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Implementing Efficient Balanced Networks with Mixed-Signal Spike-Based Learning Circuits (2021)

Efficient Balanced Networks (EBNs) are networks of spiking neurons in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents are balanced on a short timescale, leading to desirable coding properties such as high encoding precision, low firing rates, and distributed information representation. It is for these benefits that it would be desirable to implement such networks in low-power neuromorphic processors. However, the degree of device mismatch in analog mixed-signal neuromorphic circuits renders the use of pre-trained EBNs challenging, if not impossible. To overcome this issue, we developed a novel local learning rule suitable for on-chip implementation that drives a randomly connected network of spiking neurons into a tightly balanced regime. Here we present the integrated circuits that implement this rule and demonstrate their expected behaviour in low-level circuit simulations. Our proposed method paves the way towards a system-level implementation of tightly balanced networks on analog mixed-signal neuromorphic hardware. Thanks to their coding properties and sparse activity, neuromorphic electronic EBNs will be ideally suited for extreme-edge computing applications that require low-latency, ultra-low power consumption and which cannot rely on cloud computing for data processing.
Contribution of insulin to the translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine (2002)

Enhanced protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after ingestion of a balanced meal in postabsorptive rats is mimicked by oral leucine administration. To assess the contribution of insulin to the protein synthetic response to leucine, food-deprived (18 h) male rats (approximately 200 g) were intravenously administered a primed-constant infusion of somatostatin (60 microg + 3 microg.kg(-1).h(-1)) or vehicle beginning 1 h before administration of leucine (1.35 g L-leucine/kg) or saline (control). Rats were killed 15, 30, 45, 60, or 120 min after leucine administration. Compared with controls, serum insulin concentrations were elevated between 15 and 45 min after leucine administration but returned to basal values by 60 min. Somatostatin maintained insulin concentrations at basal levels throughout the time course. Protein synthesis was increased between 30 and 60 min, and this effect was blocked by somatostatin. Enhanced assembly of the mRNA cap-binding complex (composed of eukaryotic initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G) and hyperphosphorylation of the eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), and the ribosomal protein S6 (rp S6) were observed as early as 15 min and persisted for at least 60 min. Somatostatin attenuated the leucine-induced changes in 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation and completely blocked the change in rp S6 phosphorylation but had no effect on eIF4G small middle dot eIF4E assembly. Overall, the results suggest that the leucine-induced enhancement of protein synthesis and the phosphorylation states of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 are facilitated by the transient increase in serum insulin. In contrast, assembly of the mRNA cap-binding complex occurs independently of increases in insulin and, by itself, is insufficient to stimulate rates of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after leucine administration.