gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The high incidence of vascular thromboembolic events (VTE) in advanced urothelial cancer (UC) patients (pts) treated with carboplatin (Cb): Analysis of treatment with gemcitabine (G)/cb (GCb), gcb/bevacizumab (GCbBev), or gemcitabine/cisplatin (GCis). (2014)

316 Background: VTE occur in ~13% of pts receiving Cis-based therapy for UC. Cb-based therapy is considered less thrombogenic but no definitive data exist to support this conclusion. While Bev added to chemotherapy (Ch) increases VTE in other tumors, VTE impact when added to UC Ch is unknown. This study evaluated the incidence of and etiologic factors for VTE in UC pts treated with GCb, GCbBev and GCis. Methods: UC pts treated from 6/2006 to 6/2010 on a GCbBev protocol were analyzed prospectively. Planned therapy was 6 cycles of GCbBev then Bev alone; pts who had ≥ 3 cycles were included. Similar UC pts treated with GCb or GCis during the same time were retrospectively evaluated. Type of VTE and potential contributing clinical factors were collected. VTE was defined as pulmonary embolism, vascular thrombosis, myocardial infarction or cerebral vascular accident. Associations with Ch regimen were tested using Fisher’s exact test or linear regression. Factors associated with VTE were analyzed using conditional logistic regression stratified by Ch regimen. Results: 198 pts were analyzed. VTE occurred in 13/51 (26%) GCbBev pts, 22/92 (24%) GCb pts, and 8/55 (15%) GCis pts. Age (≤65 vs &gt;65; p&lt;0.001), having had a prior cystectomy (p&lt;0.001), mass near pelvic vessels (p=0.027), Khorana risk group (p=0.025) and anti-platelet therapy (p=0.036) were significantly associated with the Ch regimen reflecting cohort-specific differences. Type of Ch was not associated with any VTE (p=0.3) or type of VTE (arterial vs venous) (p=0.11). Having had a prior cystectomy was associated with increased risk of VTE (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-5.0, p=0.047). Conclusions: This is the largest series reporting VTE in Cb-treated UC pts; the VTE rate of 24% (95% CI 17, 32%) is higher than expected. Bev does not appear to increase this risk. VTE in Cis-treated pts (15%) was similar to prior reports. The finding that pts with advanced UC are at high risk of VTE regardless of the specific platinum agent warrants further study of Cb therapy-related risk and analysis for contributing factors including prior pelvic surgery.
Long-term outcome for patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (2015)

Finally, it appeared that for the care of these patients, priority goes to the upper limbs function, because majority of these patients have a high level of intelligence. A remarkable fact is that many of these patients had to spend a lot of time during infancy and childhood in rehabilitation centers with education adapted for schools and teachers. Finally, they are grateful for that, telling often that it would have been much more difficult if not impossible to have such a treatment and education at home.
Mobile application security: malware threats and defenses (2015)

Due to the quantum leap in functionality, the rate of upgrading traditional mobile phones to smartphones is tremendous. One of the most attractive features of smartphones is the availability of a large number of apps for users to download and install. However, it also means hackers can easily distribute malware to smartphones, launching various attacks. This issue should be addressed by both preventive approaches and effective detection techniques. This article first discusses why smartphones are vulnerable to security attacks. Then it presents malicious behavior and threats of malware. Next, it reviews the existing malware prevention and detection techniques. Besides more research in these directions, it points out efforts from app developers, app store administrators, and users, who are also required to defend against such malware.
Demonstration of time-dependent symmetry control in hohlraums by drive-beam staggering (2000)

Indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion makes use of cavities constructed of high atomic number materials to convert laser power into x-rays for ablatively driving an implosion capsule. Obtaining spatially uniform drive on the capsule requires a careful balancing between the laser absorption region (high drive) and the laser entrance holes (low drive). This balancing is made difficult because of plasma expansion, and the associated movement of the laser absorption region with time. This paper reports the first experimental demonstration of compensation for this motion by using different laser beams at different times, in agreement with modeling.
Notch Ligand Jagged1 Is a Fetal Liver Niche Factor for the Function of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2021)

Abstract Embryonic hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) expand rapidly during development in the fetal liver. Notch1 is required for emergence of the definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the hemogenic endothelium, and is essential for survival and function of HSCs in the fetal liver. The identity of the ligand and the ligand-presenting cell during hematopoietic development would provide valuable information of the Notch signaling mechanism in HSCs as well as the identity of key niche cells that drive the expansion and cell fate decisions of embryonic HSCs. In the present study, we have taken a comprehensive approach to determine the ligands and cells that initiate Notch signaling in the mouse fetal liver. To this end, we have performed single-cell analysis for all Notch signaling proteins and many known targets in E14.5 fetal HSCs and adult bone marrow HSCs as well as fetal liver endothelial cells. We determined that Jagged1 (Jag1) is highly expressed in both endothelial cells as well as in fetal HSCs but not in adult HSCs. We have performed conditional loss-of-function analysis of Jag1 in fetal endothelial cells as well as in fetal hematopoietic lineages, where both myeloid and megakaryocytic progenitors are shown to express high levels of Jag1. Our results indicate that while loss of endothelial Jag1 has severe effects in embryonic vascular development, loss of hematopoietic Jag1 allows for normal fetal morphology, yet severely impedes the functional ability of fetal liver HSCs to expand and differentiate. RNA-Sequencing analysis of long-term fetal HSCs in Jag1-mutant embryos (VavCreJag f/f) revealed reduced expression of Gata2, Mllt3, Hoxa7, Angpt1 and IL-12a genes in fetal HSCs, which are well-known regulators of self-renewal and expansion. Our findings indicate that Jag1 is an essential niche factor for development of HSCs in the fetal liver and for functional potential of fetal HSCs once in the bone marrow microenvironment. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Fecal Incontinence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018)

FI is prevalent in IBD patients without IPAA, and more common than non-IBD controls. Additional controlled studies are warranted to further identify effective therapeutic interventions for FI in IBD. 10.1093/ibd/izx109_video1izx109_Video_15760611117001.
Short, multi-modal, pre-commencement transition programs for a diverse STEM cohort. (2021)

A ‘quantum leap’ (Kift, 2015) in our understanding of the transition to university studies has brought about a reimagining of the role of transition programs from attempting to remediate deficiencies in ‘underprepared’ students, to instead using engagement with the curriculum to instil success-oriented behaviours and attitudes in them. In particular commencers from non-traditional backgrounds are confronted by greater sociocultural incongruities when starting higher education (Devlin, 2013), and face greater challenges in developing their new student identity. While affective change of this kind may necessarily be long-term in nature, semester or year-long ‘foundation’ or ‘bridging’ programs create barriers themselves in terms of time, cost, and stigma. This study provides evidence that significant results can be achieved with short, accessible, manageable, pre-commencement transition programs, that are situated in the curriculum, but also focussed on nurturing those behaviours and attitudes in at-risk students that are associated with greater likelihood of success and retention.
Hole diffusion length in n-TiO2 single crystals and sintered electrodes: Photoelectrochemical determination and comparative analysis (1984)

The photoelectrochemical behavior of an n-TiO2 (rutile) single crystal under different treatments (mechanical polishing and chemical and photoelectrochemical etching) is analyzed and the conditions under which Gärtner’s model can be applied are determined. The hole diffusion length Lp obtained from the photoelectrochemical data is about 10−6 cm for the etched single crystal and seems to be governed by electron-hole recombination at centers associated to impurities introduced in the lattice during the manufacturing process. This value of the hole diffusion length determines the minimum value of the donor concentration Nd for an efficient separation of carriers within the semiconductor depletion layer. This explains the existence of a maximum of the quantum efficiency for Nd∼6×1018 cm−3, which has been found to be a value common to n-TiO2 single crystals of different origin. Lattice deffects introduced near the crystal surface by mechanical polishing behave as recombination centers which reduce Lp to values of the order of 10−7 cm. A comparison with Lp values of n-TiO2 sintered electrodes is made.
Sensitive resist systems based on acid‐catalyzed polymer reactions (1992)

Abstract Acid‐catalyzed polymer reactions have been successfully utilized in the design of chemical amplification resist systems for semiconductor manufacturing. In this paper are described preparation and acid‐catalyzed depolymerization reactions of α‐substituted polystyrenes.
Opposite associations of age-dependent insulin-like growth factor-I standard deviation scores with nutritional state in normal weight and obese subjects (2006)

IGF-I standard deviation scores are decreased in obesity and underweight subjects. These interactions should be taken into account when analyzing the association of IGF-I with diseases and risk conditions.
Die Kombination aus BDNF und NT-3 verstärkt In Vitro das Neuritenwachstum im Spiralganglienneurone-Explantat Modell der Maus (P7) (2019)

Für Patienten mit Innenohrschaden ist ein Cochleaimplant (CI) häufig das Mittel der Wahl. Verbesserungsbedarf besteht, da eine räumliche Distanz zwischen den Hörnervenfasern und dem Implantat besteht. Diese Distanz bewirkt eine geringe Frequenzselektivität und hohen Energieverbrauch. Zur Verbesserung, bedarf es einer direkten Kopplung zwischen den Hörnervenfasern und den Kontaktstellen des CIs. Hierfür müssen die Spiralganglienneurone (SGN) angeregt werden, um ihre Ausläufer (Neuriten) in Richtung und auf die Elektroden des CIs auswachsen zu lassen. Die Regulation des Auswachsens, der Erhalt und das Überleben dieser Nervenfasern wird entscheidend durch Wachstumsfaktoren wie BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) und NT-3 (neurotrophin 3) reguliert. Im Innenohr bestehen entgegengesetzte Gradienten für NT-3 und BDNF, die im Laufe der Entwicklung zum adulten Organ, invertiert werden.
Coordinates encoding networks: an image segmentation architecture for side-viewing catheters (2022)

Side-viewing catheter-based medical imaging modalities are used to produce cross-sectional images underneath tissue surfaces. Mainstream side-viewing catheters are based on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) or Ultrasound, and they are often applied to the luminal environment. Automatic lumen segmentation provides geometry information for tasks like robotic control and lumen assessment for real-time diagnosis task with side-viewing catheters. In this work, we propose a novel lumen segmentation deep neural networks based on explicit coordinates encoding, which is named CE-net. CE-net is computationally efficient and produces and produces clean segmentation by explicitly encoding the boundaries coordinates in one shot. The experimental evaluation shows a processing time of approximately 8ms per frame while maintaining robustness. We propose a data generation method to improve CE-net generalization, which shows considerable performance by just training with a small dataset.
Production of 13 N Using a 400keV Van de Graaff Positive Ion Accelerator (2011)

A target system has been developed to study the production and extraction of ^13N, a short-lived radioisotope of nitrogen (t1/2 9.6 minutes), formed via the ^12C(d,n)^13N reaction. The target is comprised of a graphite rod positioned in a custom-built target chamber where it is irradiated by a deuteron beam. Post irradiation, the target is flushed with H2 or CO2 gas, and heated via a large applied current producing ^13NH3 or HC^13N and ^13NO2 respectively. Radiolabeled ^13N compounds are used for physiological imaging using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The production system used the 400keV Van de Graaff Positive Ion Accelerator housed in the Applied Nuclear Science Lab at Minnesota State University, Mankato. While this energy, slightly above threshold, is too low to make sufficient amounts of ^13N for imaging work, the system and procedure can be implemented on higher energy machines. Preliminary system results will be presented as well as accelerator calibration and reaction data.
Large scale prop-fan structural design study. Volume 2: Preliminary design of SR-7 (1988)

In recent years, considerable attention has been directed toward improving aircraft fuel consumption. Studies have shown that the inherent efficiency advantage that turboprop propulsion systems have demonstrated at lower cruise speeds may now be extended to the higher speeds of today's turbofan and turbojet-powered aircraft. To achieve this goal, new propeller designs will require features such as thin, high speed airfoils and aerodynamic sweep, features currently found only in wing designs for high speed aircraft. This is Volume 2 of a 2 volume study to establish structural concepts for such advanced propeller blades, to define their structural properties, to identify any new design, analysis, or fabrication techniques which were required, and to determine the structural tradeoffs involved with several blade shapes selected primarily on the basis of aero/acoustic design considerations. The feasibility of fabricating and testing dynamically scaled models of these blades for aeroelastic testing was also established. The preliminary design of a blade suitable for flight use in a testbed advanced turboprop was conducted and is described.
Protein identification using sequential ion/ion reactions and tandem mass spectrometry (2005)

A method for rapid sequencing of intact proteins simultaneously from the N and C termini (1-2 s) with online chromatography is described and applied to the characterization of histone H3.1 posttranslational modifications and the identification of an additional member of the H2A gene family. Proteins are converted to gas-phase multiply charged positive ions by electrospray ionization and then allowed to react with fluoranthene radical anions. Electron transfer to the multiply charged protein promotes random dissociation of the N-Calpha bonds of the protein backbone. Multiply charged fragment ions are then deprotonated in a second ion/ion reaction with the carboxylate anion of benzoic acid. The m/z values for the resulting singly and doubly charged ions are used to read a sequence of 15-40 aa at both the N and C termini of the protein. This information, with the measured mass of the intact protein, is used to search protein or nucleotide databases for possible matches, detect posttranslational modifications, and determine possible splice variants.
Determination of Lesion Color for Clustering Psoriasis Erythema (2014)

Psoriasis is an incurable but treatable skin disease and can exist for a long time [1]. The disease is characterized by an abnormally high growth rate of new skin cells. Under normal conditions, skin cells will grow in approximately twenty-eight days, but in psoriasis the growth can occur in four days [2]. Psoriasis is marked by the appearance of red lesions on body surfaces. At greater severities the lesion thickness increases, with coarse, slivery scales appearing. Psoriasis is not a contagious disease. Recent studies have shown that psoriasis can signicantly affect quality of life, with many psoriasis patients experiencing social and psychological problems [3]. The published psoriasis prevalence in Malaysia by the Dermatological Society of Malaysia is 3% [4]. Of the 75,883 patients registered in the Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 2005 to 2010, 3,906 psoriasis patients were registered in theCONTENTS2.1 Introduction on Psoriasis Erythema ......................................................... 51 2.2 Erythema Measurement .............................................................................53 2.3 Development of the PASI Erythema Classication ................................. 592.3.1 Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) Clustering for Erythema Scoring .......... 59 2.3.2 Skin Tone Classication ..................................................................64 2.3.3 Erythema Score Classication ....................................................... 672.4 Agreement Analysis of PASI Erythema ...................................................72 2.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 74 Appendix: Matlab Code ....................................................................................... 74FCM Training Stage ..................................................................................... 74 FCM Classication ....................................................................................... 78References ...............................................................................................................84Dermatology Department, resulting in an incidence of 5.2% [5]. Several examples of red plaques of psoriasis lesions and erythema severity levels are depicted in Figure 2.1.
Stability of Attractor Cycles in Random Boolean Networks (2006)

Random Boolean networks (RBNs) were proposed as a model of genetic regulatory net-works by Kauffman in 1969. This paper addresses the stability of cycles of RBNs and Boolean networks. In particular we define the error probabilities of cycle states as the probability of leaving a cycle after a randomly occurring error. Therefore, we introduce the weight distri-butions, which are usually used to analyse error probabilities of error-correction codes, and show that these completely determine the error probabilities of the cycles. By simulations of RBNs with 20, 17 and 15 state bits and bias of 0.5 we found that networks with connectivity 2 show less stable attractor cycles compared to RBNs with higher K, namely K ∈ {3,4,5,6}. 1
Technology for Continuous Production of Fine Chemicals (2014)

This chapter introduces the concepts of flow technology primarily in relationship to the use of organolithium reagents and reactions, and describe a workflow for flow chemistry and micro-reaction technology along with the necessary infrastructure with suitable equipment at different scales for the lithiation of chloroarenes. This work highlights the many advantages of flow chemistry in transferring a potentially hazardous laboratory scale reaction into a viable large scale operation. In all aspects, continuous lithiation of fluoroaromatics was superior to the corresponding batch processes.
Magnetic current source using metamaterial composed of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (2015)

In recent years, metamaterials are strongly expected to be useful for antenna miniaturization. In general, to be used in small antennas, metamaterials must have a small size and a compact structure for each unit cell. In this report, metamaterial resonators composed of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) excited by small loop antenna are investigated. The configuration of interior electrodes is similar to the well-known split ring resonators. The MLCC has the loop resonant mode different from the self resonance. Therefore, the MLCC metamaterial resonators operate as the magnetic current source. The number of interior electrodes and periodic length affect the resonant frequency and gain. The gain increase of 15.4 dB is confirmed in comparison with the small loop antenna.
Acoustic Echo‐Reduction Systems (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Principles and Terminology LMS Solution for Acoustic Echo Cancellation NLMS and RLS Algorithms Double-talk Detectors Non-linear Acoustic Echo Cancellation Acoustic Echo Suppression Multichannel Acoustic Echo Reduction Practical Aspects of the Acoustic Echo-reduction Systems Summary Bibliography
Magnetic Resonance Monitoring of Stent Deployment (2000)

The imaging features of several stent systems might be suitable for MR-guided intervention. The Memotherm and the Wallstent RM combine good visibility of the stent and the lumen.
A distributed multiple-SIMD processor in memory (2001)

The integration of processing and DRAM offers a potential solution to the memory bottleneck problem. The bandwidth available within the chip is several orders of magnitude higher than that at the memory bus with a lower access time. As workloads shift towards data-intensive/multimedia applications, the wide bandwidth can be effectively utilized by harnessing the parallelism available in these applications. There are difficult challenges in developing architectures and programming models that expose the available bandwidth to the application. This paper presents the design of an intelligent memory based on a distributed data-parallel architecture with limited support for control parallelism. We investigate some of the relevant design issues and evaluate the success of such an architecture in supporting data-intensive applications. The design is evaluated as a stand-alone system, and also as a co-processor acting as a memory access filter. A cycle-accurate simulator is developed and used to study the performance of the architecture for data-intensive applications. The performance is compared against that of a modern superscalar processor.
Major Furocoumarins in Grapefruit are Detectable in Plasma Following Consumption of Grapefruit and Grapefruit Juice (2016)

Furocoumarins are aclass of organic compound found in a variety of vegetables and fruits, especially citrus fruits. Grapefruit is a relatively common source of furocoumarins, and because of this, t...