gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METHOD FOR PREPARING α‐ AND β‐GLYCERYLPHOSPHORYLCHOLINES AND THEIR HOMOLOGS AND ANALOGS (1976)

Abstract Die aus den Glycerinderivaten (I) und den Phosphorsäurechloriden (II) erhältlichen Heterocyclen (III) geben bei Reaktion mit den entsprechenden Aminen die internen Salze (IV).
Heterothallism in Plasmopara viticola (2001)

Sexuality in the oomycete Plasmopara viticola , the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, was studied using isolates from five populations from North America and Europe. Leaf discs of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Chardonnay’ were inoculated with either individual single‐sporangiophore isolates, or in all possible pairwise combinations of 25 isolates from New York State, USA. The occurrence of oospores in leaf discs indicated that the pathogen was heterothallic with two mating types, P1 and P2 in a ratio of 11 : 14 for this population. Heterothallism was confirmed when three representative isolates of each mating type from New York were coinoculated with each of 40 isolates from populations of P. viticola from Michigan, Missouri (USA), Germany and Italy. For each isolate tested, oospores formed with either test isolates of P1 or test isolates of P2 mating types, indicating that the isolates were exclusively P1 or P2 only. For these same isolates, no oospores formed as a result of self‐crosses. The ratio of P1 : P2 mating types for all isolates in the study was 27 : 38, statistically equivalent to a 1 : 1 ratio according to χ 2 analysis ( P = 0·68).
Comparison of Whole-Cell SELEX Methods for the Identification of Staphylococcus Aureus-Specific DNA Aptamers (2015)

Whole-cell Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) is the process by which aptamers specific to target cells are developed. Aptamers selected by whole-cell SELEX have high affinity and specificity for bacterial surface molecules and live bacterial targets. To identify DNA aptamers specific to Staphylococcus aureus, we applied our rapid whole-cell SELEX method to a single-stranded ssDNA library. To improve the specificity and selectivity of the aptamers, we designed, selected, and developed two categories of aptamers that were selected by two kinds of whole-cell SELEX, by mixing and combining FACS analysis and a counter-SELEX process. Using this approach, we have developed a biosensor system that employs a high affinity aptamer for detection of target bacteria. FAM-labeled aptamer sequences with high binding to S. aureus, as determined by fluorescence spectroscopic analysis, were identified, and aptamer A14, selected by the basic whole-cell SELEX using a once-off FACS analysis, and which had a high binding affinity and specificity, was chosen. The binding assay was evaluated using FACS analysis. Our study demonstrated the development of a set of whole-cell SELEX derived aptamers specific to S. aureus; this approach can be used in the identification of other bacteria.
The Expression of Cell Cycle Proteins in Neurons and its Relevance for Alzheimers Disease (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterised by typical pathological hallmarks such as amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles and disturbances in the expression of various cell cycle proteins. A current pathogenetic hypothesis suggests that neurons, forced by external and internal factors, leave the differentiated G(0) phase and re-enter the cell cycle. This process results in neuronal de-differentiation and apoptosis and might contribute to an increased phosphorylation of the tau protein. There are a number of reports, however, describing the expression of cell cycle proteins in rodent or human brain under normal non-disease conditions. This might indicate that cell cycle expression of proteins in neurons is of physiological rather than pathophysiological relevance. Therefore, it needs to be carefully analysed whether the expression of cell cycle regulators such as cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in neurons is a pathological hallmark that allows to discriminate between normal and disease condition. Here we attempt to summarise recent evidence for a dysfunction of cell cycle regulators in Alzheimer's disease, considering the potential functions of these molecules beyond cell cycle regulation.
Steric and stereoelectronic effects on metal ion incorporation into picket fence porphyrins in homogeneous solution: the relationship of molecular conformation to reactivity (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric and stereoelectronic effects on metal ion incorporation into picket fence porphyrins in homogeneous solution: the relationship of molecular conformation to reactivityDavid C. Barber, David S. Lawrence, and David G. WhittenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 3, 1204–1215Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100182a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100182a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Lysogenic Conversion by a Filamentous Phage Encoding Cholera Toxin (1996)

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, requires two coordinately regulated factors for full virulence: cholera toxin (CT), a potent enterotoxin, and toxin-coregulated pili (TCP), surface organelles required for intestinal colonization. The structural genes for CT are shown here to be encoded by a filamentous bacteriophage (designated CTXphi), which is related to coliphage M13. The CTXphi genome chromosomally integrated or replicated as a plasmid. CTXphi used TCP as its receptor and infected V. cholerae cells within the gastrointestinal tracts of mice more efficiently than under laboratory conditions. Thus, the emergence of toxigenic V. cholerae involves horizontal gene transfer that may depend on in vivo gene expression.
Homoleptic Cadmium and Mercury Compounds of Stanna-closo-dodecaborate (2008)

The reaction of stanna- closo-dodecaborate [SnB 11H 11] (2-) (1) with CdBr 2 gave the tetrahedrally coordinated compound [Cd(SnB 11H 11) 4] (6-)(2). The same coordination mode can be found in [Hg(SnB 11H 11) 4] (6-) (3), which was obtained by reaction of stannaborate with Hg 2Cl2. Both compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis and heteronuclear NMR techniques.
후두부 발작성 간질파와 동반된 양성 소아기 간질의 임상적 연구 (1996)

Background &amp; Objectives : Although benign childhood epilepsy with controtemporal spikes (BCECT) has been well characterized and extensively studied, the clinical findings and prognosis of benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms (BCEOP) have been less well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestations, responses to antiepileptic drugs, and longterm. Prognosis of BCEOP. Methods and Subjects : We studied 10 BCEOP patients seen between 1985 and 1995 and followed up from 2 to 14 years(7.2±2.9). Results : In 10 patients, there were 7 females and 3 males. The age of onset ranges from 4 to 9 year-old(6.4±1.5). In the cases whose age of onset was below 6 year-old, the main clinical manifestations were tonic deviation of eye bal1, ictal vomiting and frequent development of status epilepticus in the sleep. In the cases whose age of onset was above 7 year-old, the main clinical manifestations were visual symptoms (blurring or blindness) associated with ictal vomiting/headache and complex visual hallucination evolved to automatism. The typical EEG findings were occipital paroxysms, characterized by repetitive high amplitude spike or sharp and slow wave complexes in the occipital area, mainly when the eyes were closed. Except one patient, the seizures responded well to anticonvulsant therapy and did not occur after the age of 11. Conclusion : Although the number of cases was small and the follow-up period was not long enough, our data indicated that BCEOP had a good prognosis and showed diverse clinical manifestations, which might be dependent on the age of onset.
Synthesis of C11N5 Marine Sponge Alkaloids:  (±)-Hymenin, Stevensine, Hymenialdisine, and Debromohymenialdisine (1997)

The synthesis of C(11)N(5) marine sponge alkaloids (+/-)-hymenin (1), stevensine (2), hymenialdisine (3), and debromohymenialdisine (4) is described. These natural products are the primary family members of the sponge metabolites that contain a fused pyrrolo[2,3-c]azepin-8-one ring system with either a 2-aminoimidazole (AI) or glycocyamidine appendage. The key steps in the synthesis centered around the generation of novel azafulvenium ions and their regioselective heterodimerization with AI in order to create the tricyclic core. A rarely used protodebromination/oxidation strategy was employed to selectively generate the desired alpha-bromo substitution pattern seen in hymenialdisine (3). In addition, the AI moiety was shown to be a useful precursor to the glycocyamidine unit found in 3 and 4, which suggests that AI-derived natural products may be the biogenic forerunners to glycocyamidine metabolites.
Regulation of memory (2011)

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Monocular 3D Object Detection Leveraging Accurate Proposals and Shape Reconstruction (2019)

We present MonoPSR, a monocular 3D object detection method that leverages proposals and shape reconstruction. First, using the fundamental relations of a pinhole camera model, detections from a mature 2D object detector are used to generate a 3D proposal per object in a scene. The 3D location of these proposals prove to be quite accurate, which greatly reduces the difficulty of regressing the final 3D bounding box detection. Simultaneously, a point cloud is predicted in an object centered coordinate system to learn local scale and shape information. However, the key challenge is how to exploit shape information to guide 3D localization. As such, we devise aggregate losses, including a novel projection alignment loss, to jointly optimize these tasks in the neural network to improve 3D localization accuracy. We validate our method on the KITTI benchmark where we set new state-of-the-art results among published monocular methods, including the harder pedestrian and cyclist classes, while maintaining efficient run-time.
Analysis of microwave planar circuits. MIC2D: a user-friendly software based on a time domain finite element method (1995)

This article presents a method of analysis of microwave integrated planar circuits, and in particular for microstrips. A time domain finite element method has been implemented in a user friendly software called MIC2D. The program computes the values of the electric scalar potential and the conduction current, as functions of time on a single strip in 2D.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase Conjugation In Semiconductor Lasers (1988)

We demonstrate phase-conjugate reflectivities on the order of 1000 at frequency detunings on the order of 0.5 GHz in intracavity nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser. Our measurements show that, unlike a third-order nonlinearity, the conjugate reflectivity does not scale like the pump power squared, indicating that saturation and cavity effects are important in the generation of the conjugate.
Separation and SAR Study of HIF-1α Inhibitory Tubulosines from Alangium cf. longiflorum (2008)

A crude organic solvent extract of Alangium cf. longiflorum exhibited potent inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transcriptional activity in human U251 glioma cells. Dereplication and bioactivity-guided fractionation, including Sephadex LH-20 and chiral HPLC chromatographies, led to the isolation of tubulosine ( 1), 9-desmethyltubulosine ( 2), and isotubulosine ( 3). Structures were verified by complete (1)H and (13)C assignments using 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Tubulosine strongly inhibited HIF-1 transcriptional activity, isotubulosine was devoid of activity, and 9-desmethyltubulosine possessed 6-fold less potency than tubulosine.
HEUTIGER STAND DER VERKEHRS-RADARGERAETE (1987)

DIE HEUTIGEN VERKEHRS-RADARGERAETE SIND KLEINER, EINFACHER ZU BEDIENEN, BIETEN BEI VOLLAUTOMATISCHER ARBEITSWEISE MEHR REGISTRATIONEN UND GROESSERE SICHERHEIT UND HABEN VIELSEITIGE EINSATZMOEGLICHKEITEN. GRUNDLAGEN DER RADAR-MESSTECHNIK, INSTALLATION UND AUSWERTUNG DER REGISTRIERUNG WERDEN BESCHRIEBEN. FUER DIE FRONTALAUFNAHME WIRD EIN ROTBLITZ VERWENDET, DER DEN FAHRER NICHT BLENDET. UM LICHT IN DAS FAHRZEUG ZU BRINGEN, IST DER BLITZ AUCH AM TAGE NOETIG. ES WIRD EIN SPEZIELLER FILM - AGFAPAN S 200 - VERWENDET SOWIE ROTFILTER UND POLARISATIONSFILTER VOR DER KAMERA. DIE REGISTRIERFOLGE LIEGT BEI 2 BILDERN PRO SEKUNDE.
The dual action of glucose on the cytosolic Ca2+ activity in pancreatic beta-cells. Demonstration of an inhibitory effect of glucose on insulin release in the mouse and man. (1985)

The cytosolic Ca2+ activity was measured with the fluorescent indicator quin-2 in pancreatic beta-cells obtained from obese-hyperglycemic mice. When present at a concentration of 20 mmol/l in a medium physiologically balanced in cations, glucose induced a rise of cytosolic Ca2+ after a delay of 1--3 min. At lower concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ this effect was not only prevented but the sugar promptly reduced the cytosolic Ca2+ activity. The dual effect of glucose on cytosolic Ca2+ had its counterpart in the release of insulin. Whereas 20 mmol/l of glucose stimulated the release of insulin from mouse islets previously stored in a Ca2+-deficient medium, the sugar was clearly inhibitory when present at a concentration of 6 mmol/l. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests revealed a temporary glucose depression of the serum concentrations of insulin and C-peptide in several patients with diabetes. In a mentally retarded girl with hyperinsulinemia associated with acanthosis nigricans the glucose suppression of circulating insulin was prolonged and sufficiently pronounced to suggest an almost complete inhibition of the secretory activity of the pancreatic B-cells.
Impaired ΔNp63 expression associates with reduced β-catenin and aggressive phenotypes of urothelial neoplasms (2003)

p63, a homologue of the p53 gene, is considered to be essential for the normal development of stratified epithelia including urothelium. To examine possible roles of p63 in urothelial tumorigenesis, p63 expression was systematically examined in normal urothelium, low-grade papillary noninvasive (LPN) urothelial tumours, and high-grade or invasive carcinomas, using either an isoform-nonspecific or a Delta N-isoform-specific antibody. Expression profiles of p63 were also analysed in cultured cells. Immunoreactivity with the two antibodies was virtually identical in tissue samples examined. Basal and intermediate cell layers of normal urothelium showed intense nuclear p63 immunostaining. This normal staining pattern was preserved in a majority of LPN tumours, whereas it was frequently impaired in high-grade or muscle-invasive carcinomas. At the mRNA level, Delta Np63 expression predominated over TAp63, and amounts of Delta Np63 mRNA correlated with p63 immunoreactivity, confirming that Delta Np63 accounts for p63 expressed in urothelial tissues. In cultured cells, Delta Np63 was also expressed in low-grade tumour cells as well as normal urothelial cells, but undetectable in high-grade aggressive carcinoma cells. Interestingly, impaired Delta Np63 expression significantly associated with reduced beta-catenin expression that was possibly related to progression of urothelial neoplasms. Thus, impaired Delta Np63 expression characterises aggressive phenotypes of urothelial neoplasms.
Impact of Polymer Type and Relative Humidity on the Long-Term Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions (2017)

The purpose of this work is to compare the long-term physical stability of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations based on three different commercially used excipients, namely, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K25 (PVP), poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA64), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate 126G (HPMCAS), at standardized ICH storage conditions, 25 °C/0% relative humidity (RH), 25 °C/60% RH, and 40 °C/75% RH. Acetaminophen (APAP) and naproxen (NAP) were used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). 18 month long stability studies of these formulations were analyzed and compared with the API/polymer phase diagrams, which were modeled and predicted by applying the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) and the Gordon-Taylor or Kwei equation. The study showed that, at dry storage, the solubility of the APIs in the polymers and the kinetic stabilizing ability of the polymers increase in the following order: HPMCAS < PVPVA64 < PVP. RH significantly reduces the kinetic stabilization as well as NAP solubility in the polymers, while the impact on APAP solubility is small. The impact of RH on the stability increases with increasing hydrophilicity of the pure polymers (HPMCAS < PVPVA64 < PVP). The experimental stability results were in very good agreement with predictions confirming that PC-SAFT and the Kwei equation are suitable predictive tools for determining appropriate ASD compositions and storage conditions to ensure long-term physical stability.
Estrogen conjugates in late-pregnancy fluids: extraction and group separation by a graphitized carbon black cartridge and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography (1987)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Back Translation Survey for Improving Text Augmentation (2021)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) relies heavily on training data. Transformers, as they have gotten bigger, have required massive amounts of training data. To satisfy this requirement, text augmentation should be looked at as a way to expand your current dataset and to generalize your models. One text augmentation we will look at is translation augmentation. We take an English sentence and translate it to another language before translating it back to English. In this paper, we look at the effect of 108 different language back translations on various metrics and text embeddings.
Phylogenetic relationships of turfgrasses as revealed by fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA (1993)

Chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) were analyzed in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among tur- fgrasses. Physical maps of cpDNAs from Agrostis stolonifera and Zoysia japonica, which are representative species of cool (C3 type) and warm (C4 type) season turfgrasses, respectively, were constructed with four re- striction enzymes, i.e., PsfI, SalI, SacI, and XhoI. The genome structures of these cpDNAs were found to be similar to each other in terms of genome size and gene orders, showing thereby a similarity to other grass cpDNAs. CpDNAs of 5 species of cool season turfgrass- es and 6 species of warm season turfgrasses as well as four species of cereals, distributed among 14 genera of Gramineae, were digested with PstI, XhoI, and BamHI, and their restriction fragment patterns were compared. Their genome sizes were estimated to be 135-140 kbp. Each species showed characteristic RFLP patterns. On the basis of the frequency of commonly shared frag- ments, a dendrogram showing the phylogenetic relation- ships among their cpDNAs was constructed. This den- drogram shows that turfgrasses can be divided into three major groups; these correspond to the subfamilies. Cool and warm season turfgrasses are clearly distinguishable from each other, and the latter can be further classified into two subgroups that correspond to Eragrostoideae and Panicoideae. Our classification of turfgrasses and cereals by RFLP analysis of cpDNA agreed in principal with their conventional taxonomy, except for the loca- tion of Festuca and Lolium.
Thermodynamic aspects of some radioassays. (1976)

In a number of radioimmunoassays and radiotransin assays, effective equilibrium constants have been measured at different temperatures in order to define the relative contribution of changes of entropy and enthalpy to the change in free binding energy. In systems with a large enthalpy component, the lowest possible incubation temperature maximizes sensitivity, and control of temperature throughout the assay is important. Conversely, when enthalpy change is small, a high temperature allows rapid attainment of equilibrium without loss of sensitivity. At a theoretical level, the thermodynamic characteristics of binding may allow some insight into the nature of the binding process.
ChemInform Abstract: PI‐ALLYLKOMPLEXE VON PALLADIUM(II) UND RHODIUM(III) AUS DER RINGOEFFNUNGSRK. VON METHYLENCYCLOBUTAN MIT PDCL2 UND (RH(CO)2CL)2 (1971)

Abstract Durch Palladiumchlorid wird der Cyclobutan‐Ring (I) unter Bildung der beiden Isomeren (II) und (III) gespalten.
A Synthesis-Agnostic Behavioral Fault Model for High Gate-Level Fault Coverage (2016)

Early design space exploration is a practice for avoiding issues that manifest themselves at late design phases. Nevertheless, the test development has traditionally been postponed to the final stages of the design process. At the same time, more and more IP designs are sold at the RTL, where details of exact gate-level implementation are unknown. While a range of RTL ATPG methods has been developed over the past decades, the fault models are too inaccurate in order to guarantee full coverage for the gate-level faults. This paper fills the gap by proposing a synthesis-agnostic ATPG based on extending behavioral fault models in order to allow targeting stuck-at faults in the gate-level implementations of RTL designs regardless of the synthesis decisions made. Moreover, the approach does not require adding scan paths and therefore the obtained test sequences serve as at-speed, functional mode tests. Experiments on a set of benchmarks and an industrial design show that the proposed fault models are superior to the previous approaches in terms of stuck-at fault coverage. Comparison with a state-of-the-art gate-level sequential ATPG show higher or equal coverage for the proposed technique achieved at shorter runtimes.
0907 Measurement of oxygen concentration in a mixing channel using pressure-sensitive paint (2009)

In the field of chemical industries, it is desired to downsize chemical reactors for easy controlling, synthesizing a wide variety of products in small quantities and so on. It is well known that flow field structure in a mixing channel changes from steady to unsteady with an increase in Reynolds number. These flow fields have been analyzed numerically, but there are few reports analyzed experimentally. We have focused on the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique, which enables us to measure the distribution of oxygen concentrations. Using the PSP technique, we tried to reveal the flow field structure and evaluate the flow unsteadiness in a parallel mixing channel depending on inlet Reynolds numbers.