gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variance of Writhe for Wormlike DNA Rings with Excluded Volume (1989)

We have calculated the variance of the equilibrium distribution of a circular wormlike polymer chain over the writhing number, less than (Wr)2 greater than, with allowance for the excluded volume effects. Within this model the less than (Wr)2 greater than value is a function of the number of Kuhn statistical segments, n, and the chain diameter, d measured in Kuhn statistical lengths, b. Simulated DNA chains varied from 200 to 10,000 base pairs and the d value varied from 0.02 to 0.2. Theory predicts a considerable ionic strength dependence of the DNA superhelix energy as a consequence of the change in the DNA diameter. A comparison with the available experimental data has yielded an estimate of the DNA torsional rigidity, the Kuhn statistical length, and the effective diameter of the double helix under conditions of the complete screening of the DNA electrostatic potential.
Hyperspectral Ophthalmoscope Images for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Stage (2020)

A methodology that applies hyperspectral imaging (HSI) on ophthalmoscope images to identify diabetic retinopathy (DR) stage is demonstrated. First, an algorithm for HSI image analysis is applied to the average reflectance spectra of simulated arteries and veins in ophthalmoscope images. Second, the average simulated spectra are categorized by using a principal component analysis (PCA) score plot. Third, Beer-Lambert law is applied to calculate vessel oxygen saturation in the ophthalmoscope images, and oxygenation maps are obtained. The average reflectance spectra and PCA results indicate that average reflectance changes with the deterioration of DR. The G-channel gradually decreases because of vascular disease, whereas the R-channel gradually increases with oxygen saturation in the vessels. As DR deteriorates, the oxygen utilization of retinal tissues gradually decreases, and thus oxygen saturation in the veins gradually increases. The sensitivity of diagnosis is based on the severity of retinopathy due to diabetes. Normal, background DR (BDR), pre-proliferative DR (PPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR) are arranged in order of 90.00%, 81.13%, 87.75%, and 93.75%, respectively; the accuracy is 90%, 86%, 86%, 90%, respectively. The F1-scores are 90% (Normal), 83.49% (BDR), 86.86% (PPDR), and 91.83% (PDR), and the accuracy rates are 95%, 91.5%, 93.5%, and 96%, respectively.
An Estimation and Analysis Framework for the Rasch Model (2018)

The Rasch model is widely used for item response analysis in applications ranging from recommender systems to psychology, education, and finance. While a number of estimators have been proposed for the Rasch model over the last decades, the available analytical performance guarantees are mostly asymptotic. This paper provides a framework that relies on a novel linear minimum mean-squared error (L-MMSE) estimator which enables an exact, nonasymptotic, and closed-form analysis of the parameter estimation error under the Rasch model. The proposed framework provides guidelines on the number of items and responses required to attain low estimation errors in tests or surveys. We furthermore demonstrate its efficacy on a number of real-world collaborative filtering datasets, which reveals that the proposed L-MMSE estimator performs on par with state-of-the-art nonlinear estimators in terms of predictive performance.
Soil moisture simulation at the local scale using satellite remote sensing data towards sustainable irrigation (2023)

Water plays a crucial role in food security. Currently, agriculture irrigation withdraws about 70% of the world&amp;#8217;s fresh water. By 2050, the world population is estimated to increase to over 9 billion (UNDP, 2022). Together with climate change that is increasingly affecting the terrestrial ecosystem such as increasing the temperature, drought and extreme flood, all of which can lead to crop failure (IPCC et al., 2007) and water scarcity, the demand for food and irrigation water is expected to rise, dramatically. Accordingly, novel technologies for innovative, real-time water management for sustainable irrigation are necessary. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to simulate and predict the soil water content at the root zone, as a main factor of defining the irrigation time and quantity. Here, we have chosen a study area of 150km2 which is located in west Europe, covering parts of Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg and west of Germany. Therewith, we have relied on the coupled land surface-subsurface CLM-Parflow model for hydrological simulations and the soil moisture data from on-site Cosmic-ray neutron sensor (CRNS) stations, as well as the SMAP (L3_SM_E_P), and high resolution C- and L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are used for data assessment. It is expected that the reliability of the soil moisture magnitude and dynamic will be examined.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 6 from RASEF is a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target for Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2714K, S1. Western blot analysis with anti-RASEF antibody after phosphatase treatment of NCI-H2170 cells. S2. Kaplan-Meier analysis of tumor-specific survival of surgically treated NSCLC patients (n = 341) according to expression levels of RASEF. Markers on survival curves mean censored cases. S3. Kaplan-Meier analysis of tumor-specific survival of another set of NSCLC patients (n = 243) who underwent resection of primary tumors (P= 0.0382 by log-rank test). Makers on survival curves mean censored cases. S4. Statistical analysis of colony formation assay in Figure 3C. S5. The correlation between RASEF expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in lung cancer cells. S6. Immunohistochemistry on the serial sections of clinical lung cancer tissues using anti-RASEF antibody and anti-phosphorylated ERK1/2 antibody.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of Deprotection Reaction in Chemically Amplified Resists Using an Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer with an Exposure Tool (2000)

The reaction of dissociation of protection groups (hereafter the “deprotection reaction”) was observed in situ during exposure of chemically amplified resists using an Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer equipped with an exposure unit, at a wavelength of 248 nm. The deprotection reaction in the chemically amplified resists during exposure was modeled on the basis of the in situ IR measurement results, and the deprotection reaction constant C 2 , reaction initiation delay constant E 0 , and average acid lifetime constant τ 2 were calculated. Herein, we report our results. The chemically amplified resists used in the experiments were based on polystyrene (PS) and had a t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) protection group (hereafter “t-BOC resist”) and a 1-ethoxyethyl (ethyl acetal) resist (hereafter “EA resist”). The deprotection reaction in the t-BOC resist was observed through changes in the infrared spectrum at 1150 cm -1 (C–O ester bonds); the deprotection reaction in the EA resist was monitored through changes in the infrared spectrum at 2980 cm -1 (H–C–H alkane bonds). It was found that at room temperature (23°C), whereas the deprotection reaction in the t-BOC resist during exposure occurred to the extent of only was only 5% complete, it occurred nearly to completion in the EA resist. The change in absorption with exposure time was converted into a protection ratio for protection groups, and fitted to a newly devised deprotection reaction model to estimate the deprotection reaction parameters for exposure. The deprotection reaction parameters thus obtained were input in to a profile simulator, and profile simulations were attempted. The results indicated that whereas the t-BOC resist could be patterned at an ambient a temperature of 70°C and above during exposure, the EA resist could be patterned at room temperature. In resist development and studies of resist processes, this system is expected to prove useful for the analysis of deprotection reactions during exposure.
Flue Gas Cleaning Technology using Coal Ash Derived Absorbent. (1994)

北海道電力(株)総合研究所では,石炭火力発電所から排出される石炭灰の有効利用技術開発に関する研究を行ってきた。近年,石炭灰に石灰およびセッコウを添加し,水和反応させることによって生成した硬化物が,発電所排煙中のSO2およびNOxを吸収,固定化できることを見いだした。この吸収剤を利用した高効率乾式排煙処理装置は,平成3年3月以来,当社発電所において実運用されている。著者らはさらに,養生工程を改良することによって,より高活性な排煙処理剤を開発することに成功した。新しい排煙処理剤は,LILAC(Lively Intensified Lime-Ash Compound)吸収剤と命名され,この吸収剤を用いた半乾式排煙処理装置(LILAC排煙処理装置)は,通産省資源エネルギー庁が主催する“グリーンエイドプラン”の一環として,中国山東省黄島発電所に設置されることとなった。また,著者らは廃棄物処理の一環として,使用済排煙処理剤(エコサンド)の有効利用についても検討を進めてきた。その結果,エコサンドはアンモニア吸収能力,および水中での固化能力を有することが明らかとなった。この性質を利用して,現在,ペット用脱臭剤,冷蔵庫用脱臭剤,ヘドロ固化材などへの応用が図られている。
134Cs—a potential radionuclide for radiation therapy (1977)

Caesium 134, with a half life of 2.06 years and emitting 2.23 photonos of 0.7 MeV average energy per disintegration, has not been considered so for in radiotherapy. It decays (Lederer et al., 1967) by β-emission to stable 134Ba as shown in Fig. 1. The maximum energy of the electrons in 0.66 MeV. The expected photons and the respective yields are given in Table I.
Improving bonding of EMC to LF metals with melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins (2006)

MPF resoles were synthesized with ammonia catalyst. The nitrogen content of the synthesized MPF resins was measured with Elemetar analyzer and the molecular structure was analyzed with FTIR. The effect of the MPF resoles as primer on the bonding of EMC to Cu, Ni, Ag, Pd or Au was investigated. The melamine moiety as well as the amine catalyst joined to the resoles, leading to higher nitrogen contents than the theoretical values based on the charging ratio of monomers. The introduced nitrogen gave remarkable contribution to the PF resole in adhesion promotion between EMC and LF metals. When the MPF resoles were applied on copper surface as primer, the shear strength increased with increasing nitrogen content till 12 %. Beyond this point the shear strength left off as the nitrogen content increased further. The shear strength would vary also as the concentration of the resole solutions changed. However, within the range from 0.4 % to 10 %, the shear strength could remain at levels above 6 MPa. Even under MSL I condition, the bonding of EMC to LF metals could be enhanced more than two times.
New Algorithms for Polynomial Square-Free Decomposition over the Integers (1979)

Previously-known algorithms for polynomial square-free decomposition rely on greatest common divisor (gcd) computations over the same coefficient domain where the decomposition is to be performed. In particular, gcd of the given polynomial and its first derivative (with respect to some variable) is obtained to begin with. Application of modular homomorphism and p-adic construction (multivariate case) or the Chinese remainder algorithm (univariate case) results in new square-free decomposition algorithms which, generally speaking, take less time than a single gcd between the given polynomial and its first derivative. The key idea is to obtain one or several “correct” homomorphic images of the desired square-free decomposition first. This provides information as to how many different square-free factors there are, their multiplicities and their homomorphic images. Since the multiplicities are known, only the square-free factors need be constructed. Thus, these new algorithms are relatively insensitive to the multiplicities of the square-free factors.
D1 Dopamine Receptor Down‐regulates NADPH Oxidase Activity via a Protein Kinase C and Protein kinase A Cross‐talk in Human Kidney Cells (2008)

D 1 ‐like dopamine receptors inhibit NADPH oxidase activity via stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibition of phospholipase D. We tested the hypothesis that a cross‐talk between PKA and protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in HEK‐293 cells heterologously expressing human D 1 dopamine receptor (hD 1 R) (n=6/group). The D 1 ‐like receptor agonist, fenoldopam (Fen., 1 μM), decreased NADPH oxidase activity (63±5.0% vs. vehicle=101.6±6.2%) that was completely blocked by the D 1 ‐like receptor antagonist, Sch23390 (5μM) (84±6.2%), which, by itself, had no effect. The PKA inhibitor, H89 (10 μM), by itself, had no effect on NADPH oxidase activity but prevented (85.6±5.0%) the inhibitory effect of fenoldopam (P&lt;0.01, vs. others, ANOVA Newman‐Keuls test). The D 1 R‐mediated decrease in oxidase activity (65±3.0%) was also completely reversed by PKC inhibitors, e.g., bisinolylmaleimide I (1 μM)(94±6.0%) and staurosporine (10 nM) (93.4±7.8%), which, by themselves, had no effect (P&lt;0.001). Moreover, the PKC activator, phobol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA,1 μM), inhibited oxidase activity (72.7±8.1%), that was accompanied by increased PKCθ S647 phosphorylation, effects that were also abolished by H89 (103±7.4%), which, by itself, had no effect (P&lt;0.05). We conclude that D 1 R inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity is dependent on both PKA and PKC (PKCθ S647 ) signaling. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that a cross‐talk between PKA and PKC signaling pathways plays an important role in the D 1 R negative regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in human kidney cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Heteroradialenes by SN′‐Reaction. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serotonin Receptor Antagonists Discriminate Between PKA- and PKC-Mediated Plasticity inAplysiaSensory Neurons (2005)

Highly selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor antagonists developed for mammals are ineffective in Aplysia due to the evolutionary divergence of neurotransmitter receptors and because the higher ionic strength of physiological saline for marine invertebrates reduces antagonist affinity. It has therefore been difficult to identify antagonists that specifically block individual signaling cascades initiated by 5-HT. We studied two broad-spectrum 5-HT receptor antagonists that have been characterized biochemically in Aplysia CNS: methiothepin and spiperone. Methiothepin is highly effective in inhibiting adenylyl cyclase (AC)-coupled 5-HT receptors in Aplysia. Spiperone, which blocks phospholipase C (PLC)-coupled 5-HT receptors in mammals, does not block AC-coupled 5-HT receptors in Aplysia. In electrophysiological studies, we explored whether methiothepin and spiperone can be used in parallel to distinguish between the AC-cAMP and PLC-protein kinase C (PKC) modulatory cascades that are initiated by 5-HT. 5-HT-induced broadening of the sensory neuron action potential in the presence of tetraethylammonium/nifedipine, which is mediated by modulation of the S-K+ currents, was used an assay for the AC-cAMP cascade. Spike broadening initiated by 5 microM 5-HT was unaffected by 100 microM spiperone, whereas it was effectively blocked by 100 microM methiothepin. Facilitation of highly depressed sensory neuron-to-motor neuron synapses by 5-HT was used as an assay for the PLC-PKC cascade. Spiperone completely blocked facilitation of highly depressed synapses by 5 microM 5-HT. In contrast, methiothepin produced a modest, nonsignificant, reduction in the facilitation of depressed synapses. Interestingly, these experiments revealed that the PLC-PKC cascade undergoes desensitization during exposure to 5-HT.
Consequences of peripheral chemoreflex inhibition with low‐dose dopamine in humans (2014)

Low-dose dopamine inhibits peripheral chemoreceptors and attenuates the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in humans. However, it is unknown: (1) whether it also modulates the haemodynamic reactions to acute hypoxia, (2) whether it also modulates cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and (3) if there is any effect of dopamine withdrawal. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 11 healthy male volunteers. At sea level over 2 days every subject was administered low-dose dopamine (2 μg kg(-1) min(-1)) or saline infusion, during which we assessed both ventilatory and haemodynamic responses to acute hypoxia. Separately, we evaluated effects of initiation and withdrawal of each infusion and BRS. The initiation of dopamine infusion did not affect minute ventilation (MV) or mean blood pressure (MAP), but increased both heart rate (HR) and cardiac output. Concomitantly, it decreased systemic vascular resistance. Dopamine blunted the ventilatory, MAP and HR reactions (hypertension, tachycardia) to acute hypoxia. Dopamine attenuated cardiac BRS to falling blood pressure. Dopamine withdrawal evoked an increase in MV. The magnitude of the increment in MV due to dopamine withdrawal correlated with the size of the HVR and depended on the duration of dopamine administration. The ventilatory reaction to dopamine withdrawal constitutes a novel index of peripheral chemoreceptor function.
Electromagnetic disturbance of electric drive system signal is extracted based on PLS (2018)

At present ISO11452 and GB/T33014 specified by electromagnetic immunity are narrowband electromagnetic radiation, but our exposure to electromagnetic radiation at ordinary times is not only a narrowband electromagnetic radiation, and some broadband electromagnetic radiation, and even some of the more complex electromagnetic environment. In terms of Electric vehicles, electric drive system is a kind of complex electromagnetic disturbance source, is not only a narrow-band signal, there are a lot of broadband signal, this paper puts forward PLS data processing method is adopted to analyze the electric drive system of electromagnetic disturbance, this kind of method to extract the data can be provide reliable data support for future standards.
Chemical basis for pyrochemical reprocessing of nuclear fuel (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical basis for pyrochemical reprocessing of nuclear fuelJohn P. AckermanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 1, 141–145Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00049a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00049a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views987Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Complement, Chemokines, & Regulatory Cytokines in Acute Lung Injury (1996)

The roles of complement, proinflammatory cytokines and regulatory cytokines in lung inflammatory injury are becoming defined. Like the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha and IL-1), complement activation products (C5a and/or the membrane attack complex, C5b-9) can directly activate endothelial cells to cause upregulation of adhesion molecules (P-selectin) or can function in a synergistic manner with TNF alpha to cause enhanced upregulation of ICAM-1 and E-selectin. The beta chemokine, MIP-1 alpha, appears to function in vivo as an autocrine activator, enhancing TNF alpha production by pulmonary macrophages, which, in turn, enhances the inflammatory response. Finally, IL-4 and IL-10 have strong regulatory effects by suppressing in vivo production of TNF alpha. There is now compelling evidence to suggest that, in IgG immune-complex-induced lung inflammation in rats, endogenous IL-10 is produced and regulates the intensity of the inflammatory response. Blocking of endogenous IL-10 substantially increases lung TNF alpha production, the recruitment of neutrophils, and the intensity of lung inflammatory injury. Accordingly, the network of cytokines carefully regulates lung inflammatory responses.
Study of Effect on Tensile Stress Test from Distortion of Fibre Laser Welded Ti6Al4V Using FEA (2011)

Distortion is one type of defect in the weld, which is troublesome for some reasons, especially in thin plate welding. Distortion was found in fibre laser welding processing for 0.7mm thickness Ti6Al4V plate. The purpose of this paper is to understand and evaluate the effect of distortion on stress level by FEA and tensile test. A group of 0.7mm Ti6Al4V plates welded using continuous wave fibre laser. FEA models were established for fibre laser welded Ti6Al4V in abaqus 6.7.
A Massive Collection of Cross-Lingual Web-Document Pairs. (2019)

Cross-lingual document alignment aims to identify pairs of documents in two distinct languages that are of comparable content or translations of each other. Small-scale efforts have been made to collect aligned document level data on a limited set of language-pairs such as English-German or on limited comparable collections such as Wikipedia. In this paper, we mine twelve snapshots of the Common Crawl corpus and identify web document pairs that are translations of each other. We release a new web dataset consisting of 54 million URL pairs from Common Crawl covering documents in 92 languages paired with English. We evaluate the quality of the dataset by measuring the quality of machine translations from models that have been trained on mined parallel sentence pairs from this aligned corpora and introduce a simple yet effective baseline for identifying these aligned documents. The objective of this dataset and paper is to foster new research in cross-lingual NLP across a variety of low, mid, and high-resource languages.
Essential Role of the Histone Methyltransferase G9a in Cocaine-Induced Plasticity (2010)

Cocaine-induced alterations in gene expression cause changes in neuronal morphology and behavior that may underlie cocaine addiction. In mice, we identified an essential role for histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) dimethylation and the lysine dimethyltransferase G9a in cocaine-induced structural and behavioral plasticity. Repeated cocaine administration reduced global levels of H3K9 dimethylation in the nucleus accumbens. This reduction in histone methylation was mediated through the repression of G9a in this brain region, which was regulated by the cocaine-induced transcription factor DeltaFosB. Using conditional mutagenesis and viral-mediated gene transfer, we found that G9a down-regulation increased the dendritic spine plasticity of nucleus accumbens neurons and enhanced the preference for cocaine, thereby establishing a crucial role for histone methylation in the long-term actions of cocaine.
Wavelength-independent mode-selective couplers for few-mode fibre networks (2013)

A novel type of tapered fibre coupler is proposed and simulated that enables wavelength-independent directional coupling\nbetween a higher-order mode and a fundamental mode for application to few-mode optical fibre networks.