gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Experimental Diabetes Mellitus on Protein Synthesis by Liver Ribosomes (1971)

Rats were made diabetic by the administration of either alloxan or anti-insulin serum (AIS), and the capacity of hepatic polysome preparations from these animals to incorporate aniino acid into protein in an in vitro incubating system was compared to that of similar preparations from normal animals. Hepatic polysomes from rats with either form of experimental diabetes were characterized by a marked reduction in their ability to carry out in vitro protein synthesis. Prior washing with 0.5 M NH4CI accentuated the abtivity difference between normal and diabetic ribosomes, suggesting that the decrease in amino acid incorporation of diabetic ribosomes was not related to loss of “initiation” factors. In contrast, normal monosomes (polysomes stripped of natural messenger RNA) were no more active than monosomes from diabetic animals when protein synthesis was directed by polyuridylic acid, and this relationship was independent of the concentration of either polyuridylic acid or MgCI2 in the incubation medium. These results are consistent with the thesis that the decrease in hepatic ribosomal protein synthesis that results from experimental diabetes mellitus is related to a concomitant decrease in the amount or availability of messenger RNA.
Analysis of the lateral dynamic behaviour of articulated commercial vehicles (2012)

The challenge of designing stability control functions for trucks is to guarantee robustness for all variations in truck and trailer combinations. The method proposed in this study can be used to quickly narrow down the number of truck and trailer combinations to a critical set to be evaluated with complex nonlinear simulation software or full-scale tests. To reach this goal, equations of motion are derived for single track linear vehicle models to understand the fundamental differences between the dynamic yaw performance of the truck and trailer combinations. The Hurwitz criterion is used to determine approximate analytical stability boundaries. It is shown that stability does not provide discrimination between combinations as most combinations are stable during normal driving conditions. In contrast, rearward amplification is a discriminatory performance measure. A frequency domain approach is used to study the fundamental differences between vehicle combinations. A comparison with complex nonlinear simulation model results indicates that the proposed method can be used to select critical vehicle combinations and to study the effect of parameter changes.
Novel Estimation of Pilot Performance Characteristics (2017)

Two mechanisms internal to the pilot that affect performance during a tracking task are: 1) Pilot equalization (i.e. lead/lag); and 2) Pilot gain (i.e. sensitivity to the error signal). For some applications McRuer's Crossover Model can be used to anticipate what equalization will be employed to control a vehicle's dynamics. McRuer also established approximate time delays associated with different types of equalization - the more cognitive processing that is required due to equalization difficulty, the larger the time delay. However, the Crossover Model does not predict what the pilot gain will be. A nonlinear pilot control technique, observed and coined by the authors as 'amplitude clipping', is shown to improve stability, performance, and reduce workload when employed with vehicle dynamics that require high lead compensation by the pilot. Combining linear and nonlinear methods a novel approach is used to measure the pilot control parameters when amplitude clipping is present, allowing precise measurement in real time of key pilot control parameters. Based on the results of an experiment which was designed to probe workload primary drivers, a method is developed that estimates pilot spare capacity from readily observable measures and is tested for generality using multi-axis flight data. This paper documents the initial steps to developing a novel, simple objective metric for assessing pilot workload and its variation over time across a wide variety of tasks. Additionally, it offers a tangible, easily implementable methodology for anticipating a pilot's operating parameters and workload, and an effective design tool. The model shows promise in being able to precisely predict the actual pilot settings and workload, and observed tolerance of pilot parameter variation over the course of operation. Finally, an approach is proposed for generating Cooper-Harper ratings based on the workload and parameter estimation methodology.
Effect of the transverse nonuniformity of the radiofrequency field on the start current and efficiency of gyrodevices with confocal mirrors (2008)

The theory is developed for analyzing the effect of transverse nonuniformity of the radiofrequency (rf) field on the starting conditions and efficiency of such gyrotron oscillators as gyromonotrons and gyro-backward-wave oscillators (gyro-BWO). The formalism allows one to study this effect in oscillators operating in the regimes of soft and hard self-excitation. Results obtained for a device with a confocal waveguide (or resonator) are compared with the results for conventional gyrodevices where the rf field acting on electrons with different guiding centers is the same. It is shown how to use results of the classical small-signal theory of backward-wave oscillators driven by linear electron beams for calculating the start currents in gyro-BWOs. The effect of the wave attenuation in waveguide walls on the start current is analyzed, which is important for the design of frequency-tunable gyro-backward-wave oscillators in the THz (and sub THz) frequency range.
Construction of a large diameter reflective half-wave plate modulator for millimeter wave applications (2022)

Polarization modulation is a powerful technique to increase the stability of measurements by enabling the distinction of a polarized signal from dominant slow system drifts and unpolarized foregrounds. Furthermore, when placed as close to the sky as possible, modulation can reduce systematic errors from instrument polarization. In this work, we introduce the design and preliminary drive system laboratory performance of a new 60 cm diameter reflective half-wave plate (RHWP) polarization modulator. The wave plate consists of a wire array situated in front of a flat mirror. Using 50 <i>μ</i>m diameter wires with 175 <i>μ</i>m spacing, the wave plate will be suitable for operation in the millimeter wavelength range with flatness of the wires and parallelism to the mirror held to a small fraction of a wavelength. The presented design targets the 77–108 GHz range. Modulation is performed by a rotation of the wave plate with a custom rotary drive utilizing an actively controlled servo motor.
Capacitively-Coupled CMOS VCSEL Driver Circuits (2016)

A capacitively-coupled laser diode driver (LDD) for common-cathode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) designed in 65 nm CMOS intended for short-reach parallel optical interconnects is presented. The LDD consists of a capacitively-coupled voltage-mode high-frequency path and a direct-coupled path that provides low-frequency signal components. By increasing the low-frequency path bandwidth an order of magnitude compared to previous capacitively-coupled drivers, the on-chip coupling capacitor is reduced to 1.05 pF, occupying 3 times less area than prior art. The driver incorporates capacitively-coupled two-tap pre-emphasis to equalize the VCSEL's optical response. The VCSEL was modulated with an optical modulation amplitude (OMA) of up to +5.1 dBm and an extinction ratio of 9 dB at 15 Gb/s, the highest extinction ratio achieved in high-speed anode-driving CMOS LDDs. The driver is programmable and is also demonstrated with +2.3 dBm OMA at a power consumption of only 30 mW, corresponding to an energy efficiency of 2 pJ/bit.
Morphology and biodegradation of microspheres of polyester-polyether block copolymer based on polycaprolactone/polylactide/poly(ethylene oxide) (2000)

Porous microspheres of polyester–polyether block copolymer based on polycaprolactone/polylactide/poly(ethylene oxide) (PCEL) were prepared by an emulsification–solvent evaporation technique. The effect of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the polymer on the morphology of the PCEL microspheres was studied and compared with that of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone/poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer (PCE) microspheres. It was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the enrichment of PEO segments on the surface of the microspheres occurred during solvent evaporation of the microdrops and lead to porous structure of the microspheres. The effects of the content and length of PEO segments of the PCEL polymer on the morphology of the microspheres were studied. The degradation behaviour of film-like and microsphere-like PCEL was investigated at pH 7.4 and 37 ± 1 °C. The shape of the PCEL samples had no obvious effect on the degradation rate of the material and homogeneous degradation was a main process. The degradation rate of PCEL microspheres was enhanced in the presence of the enzyme lipase. 1H NMR measurements revealed that the PEO content reduced with degradation time because the PEO segment was broken down and dissolved in the medium during degradation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Patient‐related factors independently impact overall survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: an MDS‐CAN prospective study (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02537990.
Caloric Restriction Reduces Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastases (2011)

Caloric restriction (CR) is the most widely studied model of extending lifespan. Several studies have demonstrated that CR has beneficial effects on limiting tumor growth; however, less is known about CR effects on metastases and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is important for tumor invasiveness. We investigated this in a mouse breast cancer model (4T1). Mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or 40% CR. After 5 weeks on diets, 4T1 cells were injected into BALB/c mice and diets continued for the remainder of the experiment. Mice under CR had a 23% reduction in body weight compared to ND mice (p&lt;0.01). CR reduced tumor growth and weight (CR: 1.5±0.3 vs. ND: 3.5±0.4g; p&lt;0.01). Tumors from CR mice demonstrated a 64% decreasein the cell proliferative index (p&lt;0.01), lower microvessel density (p&lt;0.05) and total vessel length (p&lt;0.01) and increased apoptosis (p&lt;0.05). CR reduced (p&lt;0.05) the numbers and sizes of spontaneous and experimental (p&lt;0.05) lung metastases. CR mice demonstrated lower MMP‐9 (matrix metalloproteinase‐9) activity (ND: 1.1±0.1 and CR: 0.7±0.1 ng/ug protein; p&lt;0.05) and a 34% lower total collagen intra‐tumor volume fraction compared to ND mice, p&lt;0.05. Our results suggest that CR reduces mammary tumor growth and its metastases, by increasing apoptosis, reducing proliferation and angiogenesis, while remodeling the ECM.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy shows increased circulating levels of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (2017)

Trabajo presentado en el 4th World Congress on Acute Heart Failure, celebrado en París (Francia), del 29 de abril al 2 de mayo de 2017
Letters to the Editors (2000)

To the Editors: The article by Yun et al. (J Pediatr Orthop 2000;20:151–9) is well written and clearly documents their experience with limb lengthenings of >20% in 35 patients. They conclude that “attempts to lengthen beyond 20% of original bone length remain a viable treatment option for those with significant limb deformity.” One cannot argue with this conclusion because retrospective research methodologies only allow confirmation or rejection of one's personal treatment choices. Yet one must note that a total of 3.7 procedures per patient was required and that some of the “obstacles” encountered must have been alarming until they resolved (e.g., five nerve palsies, two joint luxations). Other reported obstacles and complications can cause considerable grief and anxiety to patients and surgeons (e.g., 24 angulations and premature consolidations, seven subsequent fractures, four deep osteomyelitis, three-nonunions, pain, behavioral problems). The desired radiographic result was achieved in 31 of their 35 patients. Could the same or better results be obtained with less grief and anxiety with smaller staged lengthenings over several years? What is the patient's opinion about the process? Are other centers having similar “success” with major lengthenings? We will not know these answers until we pool our data and include the results of outcomes instruments. Large-scale, multicenter observational studies that ask patients about their experience and quality of life will soon be possible with the aid of information technology. Honest and systematic reporting will be necessary to establish true comparisons. POSNA and other organizations are venturing into this arena and should be supported in their efforts. Initial efforts may be unproductive but that is the nature of exploration. The conclusion of Yun et al. sound very similar to the conclusion of Eyring (1) in 1978 who reported results of sudden, acute femoral lengthenings that were internally fixed with plates and bone grafts. Eyring's results and complications were remarkably similar to those being reported today. Eyring concluded that “lengthening of the femur can, with proper technical control, provide correction of deficits as great as 5", possibly more. The technique can be used with acceptable morbidity.” Why, then, did we abandon acute lengthenings? Yun et al. gave us an honest series for comparison with our own experience. However, historical and uncoordinated comparisons are not always valid. Until coordinated, multicenter comparisons are available, Yun et al. have not convinced me that one-stage gradual lengthening of >20% is a pleasant experience. I can only assume that Yun et al. will continue to do what seems to work for them and I will continue to do what seems to work for me. Charles T. Price M.D.
Study on Personal Characteristics and Affordance Perception: Another Case Study (2009)

Affordances could be regarded as an underlying value aspect for human-centered product, space, and service design. User activities in performing tasks are influenced by the way the user perceives the related surrounding context and environment and determined with user judgment preferences. Physical environment structures afford user activities when these are perceived. Thus, this paper addresses how user activities and perceived affordances are different reflecting personal creativity modes, which are determined by factual-intuitive perception inclination and subjective-objective decision preferences as well as introverted-extroverted nature. To design-in various affordance features for diverse users in varying contexts, understanding on relations between user personal characteristics and affordance perception would be helpful. We conducted a case study in a public space used by many general people. User activities and behaviors were analyzed in several specific tasks in the lobby and the entrance area of a building. User activities can be classified into several different groups for each task based on affordance features involved in their activities.
Novel strategies for the synthesis of unsymmetrical glycosyl disulfides (2016)

Novel strategies for the efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical glycosyl disulfides are reported. Glycosyl disulfides are increasingly important as glycomimetics and molecular probes in glycobiology. Sialosyl disulfides are synthesised directly from the chlorosialoside Neu5Ac2Cl, proceeding via a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction between the sialosyl thiolate and symmetrical disulfides. This methodology was adapted and found to be successfully applicable to the synthesis of unsymmetrical glucosyl disulfides under mild conditions.
Optimal design of a nonimaging TIR doublet lens for an illumination system using an LED source (2004)

We consider the problem of designing illumination optics to transfer flux from an LED source into a rectangular target aperture. An important constraint on this design was that it provide a large working distance between the source and the target aperture. An optimized compact nonimaging system consisting of an aspheric totally-internally-reflecting (TIR) lens along with an aspheric singlet was developed to provide high flux-transfer efficiency with the required working distance. A global optimization procedure was used to search a 65-dimensional parameter space for the set of optical-component shape and positioning parameters providing maximum performance, while satisfying the design constraints. A total source-to-target flux-transfer efficiency of 85.0% was achieved by the design, assuming ideal AR coatings on all refractive surfaces.
Rapid, reliable mobile assessment of affect-related motor processing (2022)

Mobile technologies can be used for behavioral assessments to associate changes in behavior with environmental context and its influence on mental health and disease. Research on real-time motor control with a joystick, analyzed using a computational proportion-derivative (PD) modeling approach, has shown that model parameters can be estimated with high reliability and are related both to self-reported fear and to brain structures important for affective regulation, such as the anterior cingulate cortex. Here we introduce a mobile version of this paradigm, the rapid assessment of motor processing (RAMP) paradigm, and show that it provides robust, reliable, and accessible behavioral measurements relevant to mental health. A smartphone version of a previous joystick sensorimotor task was developed in which participants control a virtual car to a stop sign and stop. A sample of 89 adults performed the task, with 66 completing a second retest session. A PD modeling approach was applied to compute K<sub>p</sub> (drive) and K<sub>d</sub> (damping) parameters. Both K<sub>p</sub> and K<sub>d</sub> exhibited high test-retest reliabilities (ICC .81 and .78, respectively). Replicating a previous finding from a different sample with the joystick version of the task, both K<sub>p</sub> and K<sub>d</sub> were negatively associated with self-reported fear. The RAMP paradigm, a mobile sensorimotor assessment, can be used to assess drive and damping during motor control, which is robustly associated with subjective affect. This paradigm could be useful for examining dynamic contextual modulation of affect-related processing, which could improve assessment of the effects of interventions for psychiatric disorders in a real-world context.
Decentralized diagnoser approach: application to telecommunication networks (2000)

This paper presents a general method for the diagnosis of large systems, such as telecommunication networks. Because of the size of the system, the model we use is decentralized. In order to increase the efficiency of the diagnosis, the method combines two basic techniques of diagnosis: diagnosers and simulation-based techniques. We propose the construction of diagnosers based on local behaviors to compute local diagnoses. Then, we propose a coordination of local diagnoses based on a strategy which minimizes the computation for the coordination.
Ba8CoNb6O24: A d0 Dielectric Oxide Host Containing Ordered d7 Cation Layers 1.88 nm Apart (2005)

Geordneter Aufbau: Die Cobalt- und Niob-Ionen in Ba8CoNb6O24 sind vollständig in Abfolgen aus jeweils sieben Schichten mit hexagonaler und kubischer Packung angeordnet. Solche Feststoffe könnten als dielektrische Mikrowellenresonatoren, z. B. im Mobilfunk, interessant sein. In der gezeigten Struktur sind {CoO6}- und {NbO6}-Einheiten als rote bzw. blaue Oktaeder und Ba-Kationen als schwarze Kugeln dargestellt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500135_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Surface characterization of optics for EUV lithography (1996)

The surface topography of optics for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) must be precisely controlled from spatial scales extending from the full aperture (~50mm) to the wavelength of illumination (~13nm), or 7 orders of magnitude. Measurement and control of an optical surface over this range of spatial scales is challenging. This paper will present bare-surface PSD surface descriptions over these spatial scales for state-of-the-art EUVL optics.
An Innovative Time-Cost-Quality Tradeoff Modeling of Building Construction Project Based on Resource Allocation (2014)

The time, quality, and cost are three important but contradictive objectives in a building construction project. It is a tough challenge for project managers to optimize them since they are different parameters. This paper presents a time-cost-quality optimization model that enables managers to optimize multiobjectives. The model is from the project breakdown structure method where task resources in a construction project are divided into a series of activities and further into construction labors, materials, equipment, and administration. The resources utilized in a construction activity would eventually determine its construction time, cost, and quality, and a complex time-cost-quality trade-off model is finally generated based on correlations between construction activities. A genetic algorithm tool is applied in the model to solve the comprehensive nonlinear time-cost-quality problems. Building of a three-storey house is an example to illustrate the implementation of the model, demonstrate its advantages in optimizing trade-off of construction time, cost, and quality, and help make a winning decision in construction practices. The computational time-cost-quality curves in visual graphics from the case study prove traditional cost-time assumptions reasonable and also prove this time-cost-quality trade-off model sophisticated.
A new EPROM cell with a side-wall floating gate for high-density and high-performance device (1985)

A new EPROM cell has been proposed to realize high-density EPROM. The new cell has a similiar structure to the usual n-channel MOSFET, except for a side-wall floating gate formed on one side of a control gate. which requires only about 60% area of conventional stacked gate type cell, and enables higher density with reduced programming voltage. The new cell exchanges the roles of source and drain in the program mode and the read-out mode. The program time for Lmask=1.0µm sample is found 25msec for Vgp=Vdp=7V, 1.2msec for Vgp=Vdp=8V, and 80µsec for Vgp=Vdp=9V, being evaluated with respect to the current flows through the cell at Vgr=Vdr=3V in the read-out mode. The apparent programming characteristics depend on the bias condition in the read-out mode. Since the floating gate exists only on the source side in the read-out mode, very good tolerance to unexpected programming is achieved.