gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic segmentation of individual muscle groups in 3D thigh MRI (2023)

We introduce a multi-atlas-based image segmentation (MAIS) framework for the four functional muscle groups, gracilis, hamstring, quadriceps femoris, and sartorius, of the left and right thighs, using 3D chemical shift encoding-based MRI scans obtained from the MyoSegmenTUM database. We generated a statistical atlas and its silver truth by statistical approaches and employed block-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) to deblur the statistical atlas. We segmented the four pairs of the functional muscle groups of the thigh using three templates, including the statistical atlas, and fused the labels using STAPLE. We validated the performance of our method by calculating the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between the delineated muscle group and its ground truth. We also compared the performance of four deformable models: free-form deformation (FFD), two versions of symmetric normalization (SYN and SYNO), and symmetric diffeomorphic demons (SDD). Our results show that SDD with STAPLE produced a mean DSC of 0.784 over all muscle groups. These results imply that the proposed technique has great potential for quantification and characterization of individual muscle groups.
Impact of a wave farm on its local grid: Voltage limits, flicker level and power fluctuations (2012)

Significant electrical power fluctuations in the range of seconds may be generated by most oscillating wave energy converters without significant amounts of energy storage capacity. Because of these fluctuations, a wave farm may have a negative impact on the power quality of the local grid to which it is connected. Hence, the impact of these devices on both distribution and transmission networks needs to be well understood, before large scale wave farms can be allowed to connect to the grid. This paper details a case study on the impact of a wave farm on the distribution grid around the national wave test site of Ireland with respect to voltage and power fluctuations, as well as regarding flicker levels. The electrical power output of the oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters was derived from experimental time series produced in the context of the FP7 project “CORES”. The results presented in this paper are based on a typical time series. Simulations were performed using DIgSILENT simulation tool “PowerFactory”.
Preclinical Efficacy of Ron Kinase Inhibitors Alone and in Combination with PI3K Inhibitors for Treatment of sfRon-Expressing Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts (2015)

Our work provides preclinical rationale for targeting sfRon in patients with breast cancer, with the important stipulation that tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations may be partially resistant to Ron inhibitor therapy. Our data also indicate that tumors with wild-type PIK3CA are most effectively treated with an upfront combination of Ron and PI3K inhibitors for the most durable response. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5588-600. ©2015 AACR.
An extended Levinson-Durbin algorithm for the analysis of noisy autoregressive process (1996)

An extended Levinson-Durbin algorithm is proposed to recursively calculate the linear prediction coefficients and their derivatives with respect to the noise power for a noisy auto regressive process. This algorithm would be useful in some applications or analysis related to an autoregressive (AR) process that is contaminated by additive white noise.
ChemInform Abstract: ALGORITHMIC SEARCH FOR FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS IN A SERIES OF PYRIMIDO(4,5‐B)(1,4)THIAZINE DERIVATIVES (1982)

Abstract Die Mercapto‐amin0‐pyrimidine (I) reagieren mit Brom‐malonsäurediethylester (II) bzw. Maleinsäurediethylester (VI) je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen zu den Pyrimido‐thiazinen (III), (V) und (VII), aus denen das Pyrimido‐thiazin (IV) bzw. die Säure (VIII) erhalten werden können.
Competition between growth and shear stress drives intermittency in preferential flow paths in porous medium biofilms (2022)

Bacteria in porous media, such as soils, aquifers, and filters, often form surface-attached communities known as biofilms. Biofilms are affected by fluid flow through the porous medium, for example, for nutrient supply, and they, in turn, affect the flow. A striking example of this interplay is the strong intermittency in flow that can occur when biofilms nearly clog the porous medium. Intermittency manifests itself as the rapid opening and slow closing of individual preferential flow paths (PFPs) through the biofilm-porous medium structure, leading to continual spatiotemporal rearrangement. The drastic changes to the flow and mass transport induced by intermittency can affect the functioning and efficiency of natural and industrial systems. Yet, the mechanistic origin of intermittency remains unexplained. Here, we show that the mechanism driving PFP intermittency is the competition between microbial growth and shear stress. We combined microfluidic experiments quantifying <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> biofilm formation and behavior in synthetic porous media for different pore sizes and flow rates with a mathematical model accounting for flow through the biofilm and biofilm poroelasticity to reveal the underlying mechanisms. We show that the closing of PFPs is driven by microbial growth, controlled by nutrient mass flow. Opposing this, we find that the opening of PFPs is driven by flow-induced shear stress, which increases as a PFP becomes narrower due to microbial growth, causing biofilm compression and rupture. Our results demonstrate that microbial growth and its competition with shear stresses can lead to strong temporal variability in flow and transport conditions in bioclogged porous media.
Aggresome Disruption: A Novel Strategy to Enhance Bortezomib-Induced Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2006)

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (formerly known as PS-341) recently received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma, and its activity is currently being evaluated in solid tumors. Bortezomib triggers apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, but the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that pancreatic cancer cells exposed to bortezomib formed aggregates of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins ("aggresomes") in vitro and in vivo. Bortezomib-induced aggresome formation was determined to be cytoprotective and could be disrupted using histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 small interfering RNA or chemical HDAC inhibitors, which resulted in endoplasmic reticulum stress and synergistic levels of apoptosis in vitro and in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenograft model in vivo. Interestingly, bortezomib did not induce aggresome formation in immortalized normal human pancreatic epithelial cells in vitro or in murine pancreatic epithelial cells in vivo. In addition, these cells did not undergo apoptosis following treatment with bortezomib, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, or the combination, showing tumor selectivity. Taken together, our study shows that inhibition of aggresome formation can strongly potentiate the efficacy of bortezomib and provides the foundation for clinical trials of bortezomib in combination with HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
<title>FTIR remote sensor measurements of air pollutants in the petrochemical industrial park</title> (1995)

As FT-IR remote sensing techniques become more accessible, there are increasing interests to apply this open-path measurement method to detect and measure airborne pollutants. Thus a research for VOCs emission pollutants in the petrochemical industry park is conducted. In this study, we focused on the identification of the gaseous pollutants as well as the location of the VOCs pollutants from different factories. Measurement is sampled at every half hour period to obtain the time series plots of observed gas concentration for the gaseous pollutants. Besides the inherent components in ambient air such as carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone, the results of the measurement indicate that the major pollutants detected in this industrial park include vinyl chloride, chloroform, hydrogen chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene, propylene, n-hexane, acetic acid, methyl acetate and ammonia. Some of these toxic pollutants are carcinogens and also the chloride related compounds are potentially a threat to the depletion of ozone. All of these measurements indicate that the pattern of the pollutants for each location is significantly different from each other pattern. In addition, the concentrations and the presence of absence of pollutants were dramatically affected by wind directions. Under this case, suspicious polluting plants are successfully being identified by examining the pattern of compounds, pollutant's concentration time series, metrology, and manufacturing process.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLEKULARE PHOTOCHEMIE 64. MITT. PHOTOCHEMISCHE ERZEUGUNG ELEKTRONISCH ANGEREGTER ORGANISCHER PRODUKTE BEI ADIABATISCHEN PERICYCLISCHEN PHOTORK., UNERWARTETE NEIGUNG ZUR SPININVERSION BEI EINER RETROCYCLOADDITION UND BEI EINER VALENZISOMERISIERUNG (1973)

Abstract Die Quantenausbeuten und Ausbeuten an elektronisch angeregtem Aceton (II) bei der photochemischen Fragmentierung des Dioxetans (I) werden ermittelt.
Pedagogy for surgical house staff (1971)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Abstract 040: Complement Activation in Placental Ischemia-induced Hypertension is not Dependent on Endothelin A Receptor Activation (2015)

Early onset preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, reduced placental perfusion, intrauterine growth restriction and increased activation of complement, part of innate immunity. We previously reported that inhibiting complement activation attenuates reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP)-induced hypertension in pregnant rat and the concomitant increase in complement activation product C3a. Studies by other groups indicate endothelin A receptor (ET A ) activation plays a significant role in RUPP-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that ET A was important in placental ischemia-induced complement activation leading to hypertension. Thus, the effect of ET A antagonist atrasentan on hypertension and complement activation following placental ischemia in rat was determined. Dams received drinking water with or without 5 mg/kg/day atrasentan on gestation day (GD)13-19. On GD14, rats underwent Sham or RUPP surgery with clip placement on abdominal aorta and uterine arteries to decrease placental perfusion. On GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) via arterial catheter and serum C3a as indicator of complement activation were measured. RUPP surgery significantly increased MAP (109±5 mm Hg; n=7) compared to Sham (94±4 mm Hg; n=10) as well as C3a (0.36±0.08 to 0.69±0.12 units/ul). MAP was significantly reduced by atrasentan in RUPP (96±3 mm Hg; n=12) and unchanged by atrasentan in Sham (88±2 mm Hg; n=12). RUPP did not change preproendothelin mRNA in kidney cortex versus Sham, but did decrease fetal weight. In Sham, atrasentan significantly increased fetal weight (2.52±0.04 g; n=12) compared to no atrasentan (2.38±0.05 g; n=12). Importantly, atrasentan treatment did not significantly change RUPP-induced increase in C3a with 0.57±0.11 units/ul in RUPP atrasentan and 0.27±0.05 units/ul in Sham atrasentan. In contrast to other ET A antagonists (A-127722, FR-139317), the present data indicate atrasentan may promote fetal growth. However, the ET A receptor does not mediate increased complement activation and its subsequent involvement in placental ischemia-induced hypertension. Thus, our data suggest complement activation may precede involvement of endothelin in development and maintenance of high blood pressure due to placental ischemia.
Use of the Meganuclease I-SceI of Saccharomycescerevisiae to select for gene deletions in actinomycetes (2014)

The search for new natural products is leading to the isolation of novel actinomycete species, many of which will ultimately require genetic analysis. Some of these isolates will likely exhibit low intrinsic frequencies of homologous recombination and fail to sporulate under laboratory conditions, exacerbating the construction of targeted gene deletions and replacements in genetically uncharacterised strains. To facilitate the genetic manipulation of such species, we have developed an efficient method to generate gene or gene cluster deletions in actinomycetes by homologous recombination that does not introduce any other changes to the targeted organism's genome. We have synthesised a codon optimised I-SceI gene for expression in actinomycetes that results in the production of the yeast I-SceI homing endonuclease which produces double strand breaks at a unique introduced 18 base pair recognition sequence. Only those genomes that undergo homologous recombination survive, providing a powerful selection for recombinants, approximately half of which possess the desired mutant genotype. To demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the system, we deleted part of the gene cluster for the red-pigmented undecylprodiginine complex of compounds in Streptomyces coelicolor M1141. We believe that the system we have developed will be broadly applicable across a wide range of actinomycetes.
The Preparation of Triphenylchloroethylene (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of TriphenylchloroethyleneJacob van de Kamp and Meyer SletzingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 7, 1879–1881Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01852a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01852a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure Legends from AZD0364 Is a Potent and Selective ERK1/2 Inhibitor That Enhances Antitumor Activity in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Tumor Models when Combined with the MEK Inhibitor, Selumetinib (2023)

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Synthesis of Terpinyl Acetate from α-Pinene Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquid (2008)

Seven acidic functional ionic liquids were prepared and used as catalysts in α-pinene esterification.A suitable ionic liquid [HSO3-pmim]H2PO4 was obtained and characterized by FT-IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR.The influences of factors on α-pinene esterification results were investigated and the obtained optimum conditions were n(α-pinene)∶n([HSO3-pmim]H2PO4)∶n(chloroactic acid)∶n(acetic acid)=5∶0.9∶5∶14,reaction temperature 40 ℃ and reaction time 10 h.Under above conditions,the conversion of α-pinene was 85.6% and the selectivity of terpinyl acetate was 36.0%.When the composite catalytic system was reused for 5 times,α-pinene conversion and selectivity of terpinyl acetate were still 83.5% and 33.7% respectively.
The Medial Approach to Triple Arthrodesis: Indications and Technique for Management of Rigid Valgus Deformities in High-Risk Patients (2005)

Triple arthrodesis is a reliable procedure for the correction of rigid severe hindfoot deformity. In select patients with compromised lateral soft tissues at risk for wound complications with a traditional combined medial and lateral approach, it may be advantageous to perform this procedure through a single medial incision. We present a description of our technique for performing a triple arthrodesis through a single medial approach and a review of our results in patients who have undergone this procedure.
Differentiation of Intracardiac Tumors and Thrombi by Echocardiography Tissue Characterization: Comparison of an Artificial Neural Network and Human Observers (2000)

The feasibility of classifying ultrasound images of intracardiac tumors and thrombi with a neural network-based algorithm was compared with the performance of experienced echocardiographers. The neural network used statistical descriptors of the apparent echocardiographic texture of the masses, and the blinded echocardiographers were given photographic prints of enlarged regions of interest without clinical data. The network classified 66% of the images correctly and the echocardiographers, 83%. The network and echocardiographers agreed in 88% of the images. Human observers usually base their classification of intracardiac masses on clinical data. The echocardiographic texture of tumors is quantitatively different from that of thrombi. This difference can be recognized by a neural network and potentially be useful in assisting with the diagnosis when clinical clues are insufficient.
Sufficient Statistics as a Generalization of Binning in Spectral X-ray Imaging (2010)

It is well known that the energy dependence of X-ray attenuation can be used to characterize materials. Yet, even with energy discriminating photon counting X-ray detectors, it is still unclear how to best form energy dependent measurements for spectral imaging. Common ideas include binning photon counts based on their energies and detectors with both photon counting and energy integrating electronics. These approaches can be generalized to energy weighted measurements, which we prove can form a sufficient statistic for spectral X-ray imaging if the weights used, which we term <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> -weights, are basis attenuation functions that can also be used for material decomposition. To study the performance of these different methods, we evaluate the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of material estimates in the presence of quantum noise. We found that the choice of binning and weighting schemes can greatly affect the performance of material decomposition. Even with optimized thresholds, binning condenses information but incurs penalties to decomposition precision and is not robust to changes in the source spectrum or object size, although this can be mitigated by adding more bins or removing photons of certain energies from the spectrum. On the other hand, because <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> -weighted measurements form a sufficient statistic for spectral imaging, the CRLB of the material decomposition estimates is identical to the quantum noise limited performance of a system with complete energy information of all photons. Finally, we show that <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> -weights lead to increased conspicuity over other methods in a simulated calcium contrast experiment.
Human Cytomegalovirus pp65- and Immediate Early 1 Antigen-Specific HLA Class I-Restricted Cytotoxic T Cell Responses Induced by Cross-Presentation of Viral Antigens (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the development of anti-viral CD8(+) CTL responses. This is straightforward if they are directly infected with virus, but is less clear in response to viruses that cannot productively infect DCS: Human CMV (HCMV) shows strain-specific cell tropism: fibroblast (Fb)-adapted laboratory strains (AD169) and recent clinical isolates do not infect DCs, whereas endothelial cell-adapted strains (TB40/E) result in productive lytic DC infection. However, we show here that uninfected DCs induce CD8(+) T cell cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production against HCMV pp65 and immediate early 1 Ags following in vitro coculture with HCMV-AD169-infected Fbs, regardless of the HLA type of these FBS: CD8(+) T cell stimulation was inhibited by pretreatment of DCs with cytochalasin B or brefeldin A, indicating a phagosome/endosome to cytosol pathway. HCMV-infected Fbs were not apoptotic as measured by annexin V binding, and induction of apoptosis of infected Fbs in vitro did not augment CTL induction by DCs, suggesting a mechanism other than apoptosis in the initiation of cross-presentation. Furthermore, HCMV-infected Fbs provided a maturation signal for immature DCs during coculture, as evidenced by increased CD83 and HLA class II expression. Cross-presentation of HCMV Ags by host DCs enables these professional APCs to bypass some of the evasion mechanisms HCMV has developed to avoid T cell recognition. It may also serve to explain the presence of immediate early 1 Ag-specific CTLs in the face of pp65-induced inhibition of Ag presentation at the level of the infected cell.
Honey as a topical treatment for wounds (2013)

Honey dressings do not increase rates of healing significantly in venous leg ulcers when used as an adjuvant to compression. Honey may delay healing in partial- and full-thickness burns in comparison to early excision and grafting, and in cutaneous Leishmaniasis when used as an adjuvant with meglumine antimoniate. Honey might be superior to some conventional dressing materials, but there is considerable uncertainty about the replicability and applicability of this evidence. There is insufficient evidence to guide clinical practice in other types of wounds, and purchasers should refrain from providing honey dressings for routine use until sufficient evidence of effect is available.