gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
421: Transurethral Ultrasound Guided Injection of Autologous Myoblasts and Fibroblasts (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 13, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2007421: Transurethral Ultrasound Guided Injection of Autologous Myoblasts and Fibroblasts Hannes Strasser, Michael Mitterberger, Eva Margreiter, Germar M. Pinggera, Georg Bartsch, and Rainer Marksteiner Hannes StrasserHannes Strasser More articles by this author , Michael MitterbergerMichael Mitterberger More articles by this author , Eva MargreiterEva Margreiter More articles by this author , Germar M. PinggeraGermar M. Pinggera More articles by this author , Georg BartschGeorg Bartsch More articles by this author , and Rainer MarksteinerRainer Marksteiner More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30674-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "421: Transurethral Ultrasound Guided Injection of Autologous Myoblasts and Fibroblasts." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 140 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 140 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Hannes Strasser More articles by this author Michael Mitterberger More articles by this author Eva Margreiter More articles by this author Germar M. Pinggera More articles by this author Georg Bartsch More articles by this author Rainer Marksteiner More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Static Mapping of Functional Programs: An Example in Signal Processing (1995)

Complex signal‐processing problems are naturally described by compositions of program modules that process streams of data. In this article we discuss how such compositions may be analyzed and mapped onto multiprocessor computers to effectively exploit the massive parallelism of these applications. The methods are illustrated with an example of signal processing for an optical surveillance problem. Program transformation and analysis are used to construct a program description tree that represents the given computation as an acyclic interconnection of stream‐processing modules. Each module may be mapped to a set of threads run on a group of processing elements of a target multiprocessor. Performance is considered for two forms of multiprocessor architecture, one based on conventional DSP technology and the other on a multithreaded‐processing element design.
14.5 Eyeriss: An energy-efficient reconfigurable accelerator for deep convolutional neural networks (2016)

Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN) gives state-of-the-art accuracy on many computer vision tasks (e.g. object detection, recognition, segmentation). Convolutions account for over 90% of the processing in CNNs for both inference/testing and training, and fully convolutional networks are increasingly being used. To achieve state-of-the-art accuracy requires CNNs with not only a larger number of layers, but also millions of filters weights, and varying shapes (i.e. filter sizes, number of filters, number of channels) as shown in Fig. 14.5.1. For instance, AlexNet [1] uses 2.3 million weights (4.6MB of storage) and requires 666 million MACs per 227×227 image (13kMACs/pixel). VGG16 [2] uses 14.7 million weights (29.4MB of storage) and requires 15.3 billion MACs per 224×224 image (306kMACs/pixel). The large number of filter weights and channels results in substantial data movement, which consumes significant energy.
New class of holographic materials based on semiconductor CdF2 crystals with bistable centers: III. Mechanisms of recording and decay of holographic gratings (2002)

The mechanisms of recording and decay of holographic gratings in CdF2 crystals with bistable gallium or indium centers are considered. The analysis of the decay kinetics allows one to determine potentialities and conditions for using these crystals both for static recording of holograms and for holography in real time. This time scale is fairly broad and covers the time range from 1 s to 10 μs or shorter. Energy characteristics of the bistable centers, namely, the binding energies of the deep and shallow levels and heights of the barriers between them, are refined.
OFDM for Next-Generation Optical Access Networks (2010)

This paper surveys the technological principles and advantages of emerging high-speed digital signal processing (DSP)-based optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) passive optical networks (PON), with a focus on bandwidth flexibility, service transparency and cost-efficiency. Advanced modulation and detection techniques and DSP algorithms for efficient high-speed downstream and upstream operation are highlighted and supplemented with an overview of some promising recent experimental activity in the field.
L-Shapley and C-Shapley: Efficient Model Interpretation for Structured Data (2018)

We study instancewise feature importance scoring as a method for model interpretation. Any such method yields, for each predicted instance, a vector of importance scores associated with the feature vector. Methods based on the Shapley score have been proposed as a fair way of computing feature attributions of this kind, but incur an exponential complexity in the number of features. This combinatorial explosion arises from the definition of the Shapley value and prevents these methods from being scalable to large data sets and complex models. We focus on settings in which the data have a graph structure, and the contribution of features to the target variable is well-approximated by a graph-structured factorization. In such settings, we develop two algorithms with linear complexity for instancewise feature importance scoring. We establish the relationship of our methods to the Shapley value and another closely related concept known as the Myerson value from cooperative game theory. We demonstrate on both language and image data that our algorithms compare favorably with other methods for model interpretation.
A nonlinear piezoelectric shunt absorber with 2:1 internal resonance: experimental proof of concept (2022)

Abstract An experimental proof of concept of a new semi-passive nonlinear piezoelectric shunt absorber, introduced theoretically in a companion article, is presented in this work. This absorber is obtained by connecting, through a piezoelectric transducer, an elastic structure to a resonant circuit that includes a quadratic nonlinearity. This nonlinearity is obtained by including in the circuit a voltage source proportional to the square of the voltage across the piezoelectric transducer, thanks to an analog multiplier circuit. Then, by tuning the electric resonance of the circuit to half the value of one of the resonances of the elastic structure, a two-to-one internal resonance is at hand. As a result, a strong energy transfer occurs from the mechanical mode to be attenuated to the electrical mode of the shunt, leading to two essential features: a nonlinear antiresonance in place of the mechanical resonance and an amplitude saturation. Namely, the amplitude of the elastic structure oscillations at the antiresonance becomes, above a given threshold, independent of the forcing level, contrary to a classical linear resonant shunt. This paper presents the experimental setup, the designed nonlinear shunt circuit and the main experimental results.
Input Torque Balancing Using an Inverted Cam Mechanism (2002)

Input torque balancing is a well known way to reduce the fluctuation of the camshaft speed in high-speed cam-follower systems. This paper describes a methodology to design an inverted cam mechanism (ICM) that provides quasi perfect input torque balancing at any speed, provided that the cam-follower system is purely inertial. The ICM was introduced in the fifties, but the design methodologies proposed by Meyer zur Capellen (1964) and Michelin (1979) are respectively erroneous or too rough an approximation and are here corrected. The design methodology is based on a novel way to nondimensionalize the dynamic equation that governs the inverted cam design, in order to keep the theoretical results as generally valid as possible. It is applied to a design example, showing that there are two basic design parameters to be chosen. Based on a design chart, these parameters are determined in such a way that the ICM size is minimized, taking into account technological and dynamical mechanism constraints.
Bcl-2 confers growth and survival advantage to interleukin 7-dependent early pre-B cells which become factor independent by a multistep process in culture. (1992)

Early pre-B cells derived from mouse lymphoid bone marrow cultures were expanded on a surrogate stromal cell line composed of NIH3T3 fibroblasts engineered to secrete interleukin 7 (IL-7). Three immortal, IL-7-dependent cell lines were generated and infected with recombinant retroviruses to determine the effects of the human follicular B-cell lymphoma gene, bcl-2, on immature stages of B-cell development. Cells expressing bcl-2 grew at rates similar to those of control (vector only) cells when plated on bone marrow stromal lines, but exhibited a c. two-fold net proliferative advantage when grown in liquid medium supplemented with IL-7 alone. Bcl-2 prevented apoptosis when the infected early pre-B-cell lines were deprived of IL-7 and other growth factors provided by stromal cells. Following factor deprivation, a subset of cells expressing bcl-2 survived indefinitely. Two such cultures spontaneously gave rise to factor-independent variants which grew slowly in unsupplemented liquid culture and formed agar colonies, yet still responded positively to IL-7 and kit ligand, and negatively to gamma-interferon. Bcl-2 thus provides a survival capacity and modest growth advantage to early pre-B cells, which may recapitulate its effects in human B cells bearing t(14;18) translocations and ultimately contribute to transformation.
GPR101 drives growth hormone hypersecretion and gigantism in mice via constitutive activation of Gs and Gq/11 (2020)

Growth hormone (GH) is a key modulator of growth and GH over-secretion can lead to gigantism. One form is X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG), in which infants develop GH-secreting pituitary tumors over-expressing the orphan G-protein coupled receptor, GPR101. The role of GPR101 in GH secretion remains obscure. We studied GPR101 signaling pathways and their effects in HEK293 and rat pituitary GH3 cell lines, human tumors and in transgenic mice with elevated somatotrope Gpr101 expression driven by the rat Ghrhr promoter (Ghrhr<sup>Gpr101</sup>). Here, we report that Gpr101 causes elevated GH/prolactin secretion in transgenic Ghrhr<sup>Gpr101</sup> mice but without hyperplasia/tumorigenesis. We show that GPR101 constitutively activates not only G<sub>s</sub>, but also G<sub>q/11</sub> and G<sub>12/13</sub>, which leads to GH secretion but not proliferation. These signatures of GPR101 signaling, notably PKC activation, are also present in human pituitary tumors with high GPR101 expression. These results underline a role for GPR101 in the regulation of somatotrope axis function.
Proteomic Profiling of the Outer Membrane Fraction of the Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Ehrlichia ruminantium (2015)

The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria play a crucial role in virulence and pathogenesis. Identification of these proteins represents an important goal for bacterial proteomics, because it aids in vaccine development. Here, we have developed such an approach for Ehrlichia ruminantium, the obligate intracellular bacterium that causes heartwater. A preliminary whole proteome analysis of elementary bodies, the extracellular infectious form of the bacterium, had been performed previously, but information is limited about OMPs in this organism and about their role in the protective immune response. Identification of OMPs is also essential for understanding Ehrlichia's OM architecture, and how the bacterium interacts with the host cell environment. First, we developed an OMP extraction method using the ionic detergent sarkosyl, which enriched the OM fraction. Second, proteins were separated via one-dimensional electrophoresis, and digested peptides were analyzed via nano-liquid chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF). Of 46 unique proteins identified in the OM fraction, 18 (39%) were OMPs, including 8 proteins involved in cell structure and biogenesis, 4 in transport/virulence, 1 porin, and 5 proteins of unknown function. These experimental data were compared to the predicted subcellular localization of the entire E. ruminantium proteome, using three different algorithms. This work represents the most complete proteome characterization of the OM fraction in Ehrlichia spp. The study indicates that suitable subcellular fractionation experiments combined with straightforward computational analysis approaches are powerful for determining the predominant subcellular localization of the experimentally observed proteins. We identified proteins potentially involved in E. ruminantium pathogenesis, which are good novel targets for candidate vaccines. Thus, combining bioinformatics and proteomics, we discovered new OMPs for E. ruminantium that are valuable data for those investigating new vaccines against this organism. In summary, we provide both pioneering data and novel insights into the pathogenesis of this obligate intracellular bacterium.
Low Protein Programming Causes Increased Mitochondrial Fusion and Decreased Oxygen Consumption in the Hepatocytes of Female Rats (2023)

The liver is one of the major organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The effectiveness of metabolic activity in hepatocytes is determined by the quality and quantity of its mitochondria. Mitochondrial function is complex, and they act via various dynamic networks, which rapidly adapt to changes in the cellular milieu. Our present study aims to investigate the effects of low protein programming on the structure and function of mitochondria in the hepatocytes of adult females. Pregnant rats were fed with a control or isocaloric low-protein diet from gestational day 4 until delivery. A normal laboratory chow was given to all dams after delivery and to pups after weaning. The rats were euthanized at 4 months of age and the livers were collected from female offspring for investigating the mitochondrial structure, mtDNA copy number, mRNA, and proteins expression of genes associated with mitochondrial function. Primary hepatocytes were isolated and used for the analysis of the mitochondrial bioenergetics profiles. The mitochondrial ultrastructure showed that the in utero low-protein diet exposure led to increased mitochondrial fusion. Accordingly, there was an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of the mitochondrial fusion gene Opa1 and mitochondrial biogenesis genes Pgc1a and Essra, but Fis1, a fission gene, was downregulated. Low protein programming also impaired the mitochondrial function of the hepatocytes with a decrease in basal respiration ATP-linked respiration and proton leak. In summary, the present study suggests that the hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction induced by an in utero low protein diet might be a potential mechanism linking glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in adult offspring.
The stanford polarized atomic beam target (1976)

A polarized atomic beam source was used to produce an atomic hydrogen beam which was in turn used as a polarized proton target. We measured a target density of 2×10″ atoms/cm3 and a target polarization of 0.37 without the use of r.f. transitions. These measurements indicate that a number of experiments are currently feasible with a variety of polarized target beams.
Ligand-receptor promiscuity enables cellular addressing (2022)

In multicellular organisms, secreted ligands selectively activate, or "address," specific target cell populations to control cell fate decision-making and other processes. Key cell-cell communication pathways use multiple promiscuously interacting ligands and receptors, provoking the question of how addressing specificity can emerge from molecular promiscuity. To investigate this issue, we developed a general mathematical modeling framework based on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway architecture. We find that promiscuously interacting ligand-receptor systems allow a small number of ligands, acting in combinations, to address a larger number of individual cell types, defined by their receptor expression profiles. Promiscuous systems outperform seemingly more specific one-to-one signaling architectures in addressing capability. Combinatorial addressing extends to groups of cell types, is robust to receptor expression noise, grows more powerful with increases in the number of receptor variants, and is maximized by specific biochemical parameter relationships. Together, these results identify design principles governing cellular addressing by ligand combinations.
Decentralized Model-Free Reinforcement Learning in Stochastic Games with Average-Reward Objective (2023)

We propose the first model-free algorithm that achieves low regret performance for decentralized learning in two-player zero-sum tabular stochastic games with infinite-horizon average-reward objective. In decentralized learning, the learning agent controls only one player and tries to achieve low regret performances against an arbitrary opponent. This contrasts with centralized learning where the agent tries to approximate the Nash equilibrium by controlling both players. In our infinite-horizon undiscounted setting, additional structure assumptions is needed to provide good behaviors of learning processes : here we assume for every strategy of the opponent, the agent has a way to go from any state to any other. This assumption is the analogous to the "communicating" assumption in the MDP setting. We show that our Decentralized Optimistic Nash Q-Learning (DONQ-learning) algorithm achieves both sublinear high probability regret of order T3/4 and sublinear expected regret of order T2/3. Moreover, our algorithm enjoys a low computational complexity and low memory space requirement compared to the previous works of Wei et al 2017 and Jafarnia et al 2021 in the same setting.
Photoinduced Oxidation of Microperoxidase-8:  Generation of Ferryl and Cation-Radical Porphyrins (1996)

The electron-transfer reactivity of microperoxidase-8 (MP8), the heme octapeptide derived from enzymatic cleavage of cytochrome c, has been studied by nanosecond flash photolysis methods. Ferric MP8 is rapidly oxidized by photogenerated Ru(bpy)33+ in acidic solutions to a ferric cation-radical porphyrin (k ∼ 5.6 × 109 M-1 s-1); the oxidation product in alkaline solutions is ferryl MP8 (k ∼ 2.2 × 109 M-1 s-1). Numerical simulations of the kinetics for the direct oxidation of ferric to ferryl MP8 predict a marked pH effect on the rate of reaction in alkaline solutions; however, only a very weak pH dependence is observed in the range 7−8.5, indicating that the ferryl species is generated by intramolecular electron transfer within a ferric cation-radical porphyrin. Transient spectra taken between pH 6 and 8.5 show increasing ferryl absorption as the pH is increased, demonstrating a pH-dependent equilibrium between the two oxidized forms of MP8.
An Sp1 Binding Site and the Minimal Promoter Contribute to Overexpression of the Cytokeratin 18 Gene in Tumorigenic Clones Relative to That in Nontumorigenic Clones of a Human Carcinoma Cell Line (1995)

Clones of cells tumorigenic or nontumorigenic in nude mice have been previously isolated from the SW613-S human colon carcinoma cell line. We have already reported that tumorigenic cells overexpress the cytokeratin 18 (K18) gene in comparison with nontumorigenic cells and that this difference is mainly due to a transcriptional regulation. We now report that a 2,532-bp cloned human K18 gene promoter drives the differential expression of a reporter gene in a transient assay. A 62-bp minimal K18 promoter (TATA box and initiation site) has a low but differential activity. Analysis of deletion and substitution mutants as well as hybrid SV40-K18 promoters and reconstructed K18 promoters indicated that an important element for the activity of the K18 promoter is a high-affinity binding site for transcription factor Sp1 located just upstream of the TATA box. This Sp1 binding element, as well as the intron 1 enhancer element, stimulates the basal activity of the minimal promoter through mechanisms that maintain the differential activity. Gel shift assays and the use of an anti-Sp1 antibody have shown that both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic SW613-S cells contain three factors able to bind to the Sp1 binding element site and that one of them is Sp1. A hybrid GAL4-Sp1 protein transactivated to comparable extents in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells a reconstructed K18 promoter containing GAL4 binding sites and therefore without altering its differential behavior. These results indicate that the Sp1 transcription factor is involved in the overexpression of the K18 gene in tumorigenic SW613-S cells through its interaction with a component of the basal transcription machinery.
Concatenated Analysis Sheds Light on Early Metazoan Evolution and Fuels a Modern “Urmetazoon” Hypothesis (2009)

For more than a century, the origin of metazoan animals has been debated. One aspect of this debate has been centered on what the hypothetical "urmetazoon" bauplan might have been. The morphologically most simply organized metazoan animal, the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, resembles an intriguing model for one of several "urmetazoon" hypotheses: the placula hypothesis. Clear support for a basal position of Placozoa would aid in resolving several key issues of metazoan-specific inventions (including, for example, head-foot axis, symmetry, and coelom) and would determine a root for unraveling their evolution. Unfortunately, the phylogenetic relationships at the base of Metazoa have been controversial because of conflicting phylogenetic scenarios generated while addressing the question. Here, we analyze the sum of morphological evidence, the secondary structure of mitochondrial ribosomal genes, and molecular sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes that amass over 9,400 phylogenetically informative characters from 24 to 73 taxa. Together with mitochondrial DNA genome structure and sequence analyses and Hox-like gene expression patterns, these data (1) provide evidence that Placozoa are basal relative to all other diploblast phyla and (2) spark a modernized "urmetazoon" hypothesis.