gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning, sequence analysis and tissue distribution of the mouse and rat urotensin II precursors (1999)

Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic neuropeptide initially isolated from the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish. The recent cloning of the UII precursor in frog and human has demonstrated that the peptide is not restricted to the fish urophysis but that it is also expressed in the central nervous system of tetrapods. Here, we describe the characterization of the cDNAs encoding prepro-UII in mouse and rat. A comparison of the primary structures of mouse and rat UII with those of other vertebrate UII reveals that the sequence of the cyclic region of the molecule (CFWKYC) has been fully conserved. In contrast, the N-terminal flanking domain of prepro-UII has markedly diverged with only 48% sequence identity between the mouse or rat and the human precursors. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the prepro-UII gene is predominantly expressed in motoneurons of the brainstem and spinal cord, suggesting that UII may play a role in the control of neuromuscular functions.
Concretising Computational Abstractions: What works, what doesn't, and what is lost (2005)

In order to create programs in a programming language, one needs to understand the abstractions of the computation model underlying the language. How can one program without understanding the underlying conceptual build- ing blocks such as variables, data structures, procedures, recursion, and the like? Since 1992, I have been developing a programming language whose primitives are not abstract, but instead are familiar objects that exist in an animated game- like virtual world. The primitives of this language, ToonTalk (www.toontalk.com), are robots, boxes, birds, nests, number and text pads, magic wands, trucks, and bombs rather than the corresponding abstractions of methods, arrays, send and receive capabilities, numbers, strings, and ways of expressing copying, process spawing and termination. ToonTalk is a general-purpose concurrent programming language that even very young children are able to program. They do so because they understand the behaviour of the basic elements, e.g. that if you or a robot you've trained gives a bird something, she'll take it to her nest. Children, in some cases on their own, have learned to build ToonTalk programs because each of the primitives can be understood metaphorically and concretely. Furthermore, there is a sense that there is no syntax and hence the mechanics of programming is trivial to master. But there is more to programming than mas- tering the primitives and the mechanics: planning and design remain. These are the remaining hurdles to making programming child's play. ToonTalk program fragments cannot be inspected; they can only be observed as they execute. You can't see at a glance what a program does; you can only see a program unfold over time. Iterative design can be difficult as it often entails rebuilding many program fragments. Despite ten years of usage by children, many questions remain. Even if the con- crete analogs preserve all the expressive power of the computational abstractions they have replaced, has something been lost? Do abstractions enable a kind of thinking that the corresponding concretisations don't?
Interfacial Structure of Composites of Poly(m-xylylen adipamide) and Silica Nano-Particles (2012)

Interfacial structure of composites of poly( m -xylylen adipamide) (MXD6) and silica nano-particles (SNPs) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In the DSC curves of the composites, changes in specific heat similar to a glass transition behavior (sub- T g ) were detected at 0–40 °C, and sub- T g decreased with the increase in the weight fraction of SNPs. Crystallization temperature ( T c ) decreased, and XRD peaks became sharper with the increase in the weight fraction of SNPs. The IR spectra suggest that the hydrogen bonds between MXD6 chains were weakened by the addition of SNPs.
Thermodynamic Model for Quantum Dot Assemblies Formed Because of Charge Transfer (2018)

Two initially neutral semiconductor quantum dots with appropriate band offsets can participate in a ground state charge transfer process. The charge transfer manifests itself in the form of bleaching of optical transitions and also causes the quantum dots to precipitate from solution, giving rise to assemblies with unusual properties. As this represents a postsynthetic modification of the electronic structure of quantum dots, it holds tremendous potential for improving the characteristics of quantum dot devices. Here, we study the dependencies of the properties of these assemblies on the structure of the participating quantum dots. In particular, we find that for assemblies formed out of Cu:CdS and ZnTe/CdS quantum dots, the composition of the assembly varies from 1:1.26 to 1:0.23 ZnTe/CdS to Cu:CdS as the shell thickness of CdS in ZnTe/CdS is increased. In contrast, the composition changes from 1:1.1 to 1:15 for PbSe/CdSe and Cu:CdS quantum dots, as the size of the PbSe core is increased. These observations are explained on the basis of a phenomenological thermodynamic model. The applicability of thermodynamics to this example of self-assembly is verified empirically.
Control of a robot with two flexible links (1991)

Presents experimental results which are obtained by using a nonlinear control law on a two link flexible robot. Using finite element description of the arms, the authors get a nonlinear model of the robot. The nonlinear decoupling control law uses the inverse dynamic model. This control law, which is very efficient for a rigid robot, has been adapted for flexible structures. The elastic vibrations must be damped by adding to the computed torque a complementary feedback term. This term permits one to obtain a satisfactory behaviour of the structure, but reduces the theoretical interest of the decoupling method. It is computed by linearizing the set of equations on a given point of the desired trajectory and by using a classical LOR method. The experimental results demonstrate the interest of the method and shows its sensitivity versus the position of the linearization point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Path dependence of the geometric rotation of polarization in optical fibers (1986)

The geometric rotation of the polarization angle in a ideal cylindrical optical fiber without birefringence is obtained for arbitrary fiber paths in terms of the image of the path in the tangent vector space. The result extends a recent result of Chiao and Wu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 933 (1986)] restricted to paths with parallel ends, which was derived from Berry's phase in the adiabatic limit of quantum mechanics [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 392,45 (1984)]. The treatment given here is purely classical and uses differential geometry to extend earlier work by Ross [Opt. Quantum Electron. 16, 455 (1984)] on the uniform helix.
Effects of silica on the morphology, structure, and properties of thermoplastic cassava starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends (2016)

ABSTRACT Thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/silica (SiO 2 ) composites were prepared by a melt‐mixing method. The effects of the content and surface properties of SiO 2 on the processing, mechanical properties, thermal stability, morphology, and structure of the TPS/PVA/SiO 2 composites were investigated. With increasing SiO 2 content, the plasticizing times of the TPS/PVA/SiO 2 composites were shortened. After the SiO 2 surface was treated with a silane coupling agent (KH550), the plasticizing times of the TPS/PVA/SiO 2 composites decreased significantly. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus of the TPS/PVA/SiO 2 composites increased. The mechanical properties of the TPS/PVA/SiO 2 composites containing treated SiO 2 were higher than those with untreated SiO 2. The thermal decomposition temperatures of the TPS/PVA/SiO 2 composites were improved with the addition of SiO 2 . The presence of inorganic fillers was beneficial to the improvement of the thermal stability of the polymers. The reaction between the treated SiO 2 and the starch molecules was beneficial to the formation of more stable structures. The treated SiO 2 indicated good interfacial adhesion and uniform dispersion in the matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 44020.
Label‐free bead‐based metallothionein electrochemical immunosensor (2015)

A novel microfluidic label-free bead-based metallothionein immunosensors was designed. To the surface of superparamagnetic agarose beads coated with protein A, polyclonal chicken IgY specifically recognizing metallothionein (MT) were immobilized via rabbit IgG. The Brdicka reaction was used for metallothionein detection in a microfluidic printed 3D chip. The assembled chip consisted of a single copper wire coated with a thin layer of amalgam as working electrode. Optimization of MT detection using designed microfluidic chip was performed in stationary system as well as in the flow arrangement at various flow rates (0-1800 μL/min). In stationary arrangement it is possible to detect MT concentrations up to 30 ng/mL level, flow arrangement allows reliable detection of even lower concentration (12.5 ng/mL). The assembled miniature flow chip was subsequently tested for the detection of MT elevated levels (at approx. level 100 μg/mL) in samples of patients with cancer. The stability of constructed device for metallothionein detection in flow arrangement was found to be several days without any maintenance needed.
Isotope abundance analysis for improved sample identification with tandem mass spectrometry (2009)

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is widely used for trace level sample analysis in complex mixtures. However, sample identification in MS/MS is challenging and not as trustworthy as with electron ionization (EI) mass spectral libraries. This paper presents a novel method for the combination of isotope abundance analysis (IAA) and EI-MS/MS for improved sample identification even at trace level in complex matrices. Accordingly, the first quadrupole is scanned in a narrow range around the molecular ion group of isotopomers such as M+, [M+1]+ and [M+2]+, Q2 serves for collision-induced dissociation to produce product ions while Q3 transfers the major sample product ions with low resolution, thus encompassing and uniformly transmitting all the product ion isotopomers. IAA can then be used to derive elemental formula information from the cleansed experimental data. IAA-MS/MS was experimentally tested with perfluorotributylamine and a very good matching factor of 995 (out of 1000) was obtained for IAA on m/z 502, 503 and 504 (fragment ion isotopomers) while Q3 transmitted the m/z 264 product ion with a mass window of 6 m/z units. The IAA-MS/MS method was further tested with the pesticide diazinon on its molecular ions m/z 304, 305 and 306 while Q3 was locked on its m/z 179 product ion with a mass window of 6 m/z units. Again, very good matching factors were obtained, even for 40 pg diazinon on-column during its GC/MS analysis (match = 981). IAA-MS/MS combines the traditional benefits of MS/MS in the removal of matrix interferences with the IAA power of elemental analysis.
Abstract TP81: A Closer Look at MRI-Based Core in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Within 6 Hours From Onset (2020)

Introduction: Recent clinical trials including EXTEND-IA and SWIFT PRIME utilized CT and MRI imaging to exclude large core patients from endovascular therapy (EVT) presenting within 6 hours from onset. We hypothesize that patients with clinical-core mismatch, retrospectively defined as admit NIHSS ≥ 6 and core volume ≤20 mL, were more likely to have early neurological improvement versus those who did not. Methods: Patients included had confirmed large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, presented within 6 hours from last known normal, were screened pre-EVT with multimodal MRI, treated with EVT between January 2015 through July 2019, and consented to Natural History of Stroke Study. Core volumes were calculated using a fully automated algorithm, “coretool”, based on processed DWI and ADC maps thresholded at ≤620 μm 2 /sec. Perfusion deficit volumes were calculated by thresholding Tmax maps at &gt;6 sec delay. Early neurological improvement (ENI) was defined as a decrease in NIHSS≥8 points or NIHSS of 0-1 at 24 hours. Results: Fifty-four patients met study criteria with median age 54 years, 59% female, admit NIHSS=19 [13-23], onset=117 min [59-155], onset to groin=212 min [171-265], core volume=9mL [4-31], Tmax volume=82mL [50-107], mismatch volume=51mL [30-86], mismatch ratio=7.5 [2.6-11.9], and 90 day mRS=3 [1-5]. Of the 54 patients, 61% (n=33) had clinical-core mismatch while 39% (n=21) did not. Patients with mismatch had smaller core volumes, median 6 versus 39mL (p&lt;0.001) and larger mismatch ratios, median 8.9 versus 2.6, (p=0.003), but no differences in age, sex, IV tPA treatment, onset time, onset to groin time, admit NIHSS, complete recanalization rate, Tmax volume, mismatch volume, or day 90 mRS. Fifty-five percent (18/33) of patients with clinical-core mismatch had ENI at 24 hours versus 24% (5/21) without (p=0.026). Conclusions: Patients with clinical-core mismatch had a significantly higher rate of early neurological improvement at 24 hours post EVT. However, some patients without mismatch but with complete recanalization still did well. Alternative definitions of mismatch, outside of current guidelines, may identify patients that will benefit more from EVT.
Control of oscillatory distributed parameter systems: An overview (1980)

The following gives an overview of the session on Control of Oscillatory Distributed Parameter Systems. It defines the unifying theme of the session and indicates the principal issues to be covered. The topic of this session is feedback control of highly oscillatory distributed parameter systems (DPS). These dynamical systems, sometimes loosely called "hyperbolic", are described by systems of partial differential equations whose solutions are oscillatory and have very low damping, i.e. the system are energy conserving or at best very mildly dissipative. Practical examples of these systems occur in application areas such as plasma dynamics and mechanically flexible structures, e.g. bridges, tall buildings, and large aerospace structures among others. As society demands of its engineering systems higher performance levels and more stringent constraints, feedback control becomes a necessity for the satisfaction of these requirements.
Temporal changes of novel transcripts in the chicken retina following imposed defocus. (2004)

The mRNA expression of selenoprotein P, prolidase, and of the not yet identified gene (sequence 3) is clearly altered by retinal image degradation imposed by diffuser wearing and, in part, by defocus imposed by spectacle lenses. However, none of the candidates are regulated by the sign of imposed defocus, suggesting a role in retinal contrast processing.
Production of exogenous gonadotrophin-neutralizing immunoglobulins in cats after repeated eCG–hCG treatment and relevance for assisted reproduction in felids (1995)

Combination regimens of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) are used in ovarian stimulation protocols for assisted reproduction of felids. In the present study, domestic cats exhibited decreased ovarian responsiveness after repeated administration of eCG-hCG and a possible immunological mechanism for this ovarian refractoriness was investigated. An ELISA was used to analyse sera from male, naive female and previously eCG-hCG-stimulated (1x, 3x and 4x) female cats for the presence of immunoglobulins binding to eCG, hCG and pig FSH (pFSH). The sera of cats receiving multiple eCG-hCG injections, at intervals of 44-50 days, displayed greater eCG and hCG-binding than did the sera of male, naive female or female cats stimulated once, and demonstrated variable affinity for pFSH. In preovulatory and postovulatory ovarian stimulation assays, mice injected with an eCG-antisera mixture had lower ovary masses than did mice injected with eCG-saline and fewer ovulated oocytes compared with mice treated with eCG-naive sera. Treatment of queens that were refractory to eCG-hCG with a pFSH-hCG regimen caused a rebound in development of ovarian follicles but not in oocyte maturity. These studies indicated that repeated treatment of domestic cats with eCG and hCG may cause an immunologically mediated refractoriness to ovarian stimulation. Although alternative gonadotrophin regimens may alleviate this refractoriness, a preferable strategy might be the avoidance of potential immunological complications through the cautious use of eCG and hCG in domestic and endangered nondomestic felids.
Activity of venetoclax-based therapy in TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. (2019)

7034 Background: Mutations in TP53 are associated with low response rates to standard therapy and poor outcomes in patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Combination therapy with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) has emerged as an effective treatment option for pts with AML. Methods: We reviewed pts with TP53-mutated AML treated with VEN-based therapy between 2014-2018. Mutation testing was performed using a whole-exome next-generation sequencing panel. We analyzed the characteristics of these pts, responses to therapy, and outcomes. Results: Sixty nine pts with TP53-mutated AML treated with VEN were identified, 36 (52%) in frontline &amp; 33 (48%) in the salvage (R/R) setting (Table). The median follow up was 4.5 [0.5 - 48.5] and 8 [1 - 46.5] months for frontline &amp; R/R pts, respectively. Karyotype was complex in 32 (88%) and 29 (88%) pts in the frontline &amp; R/R cohorts, respectively. In the R/R cohort, the number of median prior treatments was 2 [0 – 8]. VEN was given in combination with: 1) Hypomethylating agents (HMA) (87%), 2) FLAG-Ida (3%), 3) Low dose Ara-C (4%), or 4) CPX-351 (6%). The overall response rate (ORR) was 47% &amp; 24% in frontline and R/R pts, respectively. All 6 pts with negative minimal residual disease (MRD) achieved complete cytogenetic response after taking VEN % remain in complete remission (CR) with a median of 3.4 [1.7-4.7] months. Two pts (both R/R) underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Conclusions: VEN based therapy was associated with similar ORR, but higher CR rates in TP53 mutated AML compared with HMAs alone. Larger studies with longer follow up are needed to determine the role of VEN-based therapy in this difficult subset. Patient characteristics and outcome. [Table: see text]
Intensification of preoperative chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: results of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering (T12) protocol. (1998)

Despite modest increases in the proportion of patients with good histologic response with intensified preoperative chemotherapy, no improvement in EFS was observed.
Highly Diastereoselective and Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Nitrosoformate Dearomatization Reaction under Aerobic‐Oxidation Conditions (2014)

An unprecedented copper-catalyzed acylnitroso dearomatization reaction, which expands the traditional acylnitroso ene reaction and acylnitroso Diels-Alder reaction to a new type of transformation, has been developed under aerobic oxidation. Intermolecular and intra-/intermolecular reaction modes demonstrate an entirely different N- or O-acylnitroso selectivity. Hence, we can utilize this reaction as a highly diastereoselective access to a series of new pyrroloindoline derivatives, which are important structural motifs for natural-product synthesis.
DNA supercoiling is differentially regulated by environmental factors and FIS in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica (2011)

Although Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica inhabit similar niches and employ similar genetic regulatory programmes, we find that they differ significantly in their DNA supercoiling responses to environmental and antibiotic challenges. Whereas E. coli demonstrates large dynamic transitions in supercoiling in response to growth phase, osmotic pressure and novobiocin treatment, supercoiling levels are much less variable in S. enterica. The FIS protein is a global regulator of supercoiling in E. coli, but it was found to have less influence over supercoiling control in S. enterica. These inter-species differences fine-tune gene promoters to endogenous supercoiling and FIS levels. Transferring a Salmonella virulence gene promoter (P(ssrA) ) into a new enteric host (E. coli) caused aberrant expression in response to stimulatory signals. Reciprocal horizontal transfer of topA promoters, which control expression of topoisomerase I, between E. coli and S. enterica revealed how these orthologous promoters have evolved to respond differentially to FIS and supercoiling levels in their cognate species. This also identified a previously unrecognized osmoregulation of topA expression that is independent of FIS and supercoiling in both E. coli and S. enterica. These findings suggest that E. coli and S. enterica may be unexpectedly divergent in their global regulation of cellular physiology.
Colorimetric Plasmon Resonance Imaging Using Nano Lycurgus Cup Arrays (2013)

A large-area high-density nanoscale Lycurgus cup array is created with 100 times better sensitivity than any other reported nanoplasmonic device. With this device, nanoplasmonic spectroscopy sensing, for the first time, becomes colorimetric sensing requiring only the naked eye or ordinary visible color photography.