gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convex Programming Upper Bounds on the Capacity of 2-D Constraints (2010)

The capacity of 1-D constraints is given by the entropy of a corresponding stationary maxentropic Markov chain. Namely, the entropy is maximized over a set of probability distributions, which is defined by some linear equalities and inequalities. In this paper, certain aspects of this characterization are extended to 2-D constraints. The result is a method for calculating an upper bound on the capacity of 2-D constraints. The key steps are as follows: The maxentropic stationary probability distribution on square configurations is considered; set of linear equalities and inequalities is derived from this stationarity; the result is then a convex program, which can be easily solved numerically. Our method improves upon previous upper bounds for the capacity of the 2-D “no isolated bits” constraint, as well as certain 2-D RLL constraints.
Atomic-Resolution Imaging with a Sub-50-pm Electron Probe (2009)

Using a highly coherent focused electron probe in a fifth-order aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, we report on resolving a crystal spacing less than 50 pm. Based on the geometrical source size and residual coherent and incoherent axial lens aberrations, an electron probe is calculated, which is theoretically capable of resolving an ideal 47 pm spacing with 29% contrast. Our experimental data show the 47 pm spacing of a Ge 114 crystal imaged with 11%-18% contrast at a 60%-95% confidence level, providing the first direct evidence for sub-50-pm resolution in annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging.
A novel artificial habitat collection device for studying resettlement patterns in anguillid glass eels (2001)

The number of glass eels Anguilla australis and A. reinhardtii caught in artificial habitat collectors, made from a PVC base and polyethylene split rope fibres, was related to the number of rope fibre tufts attached to each collector rather than collector area directly. Ageing of collectors in situ to promote algal growth enhanced the catch of glass eels. Glass eels entered the collectors at night primarily during the flood tide, and did not move into the collectors during daylight hours. Glass eel abundance increased with increasing distance from the freshwater drain located in the causeway. The artificial habitat collectors are effective for assessing relative numbers of resettling glass eels and may be useful for studying recruitment and settlement patterns of other anguillid eel species, as well as identifying areas and habitats within a catchment that provide important shelter for glass eels. Sampling glass eels can be carried out with maximum effect and minimum effort using compact, aged artificial habitat collectors on the night time flood tide when low tide coincides with dusk.
Multiple Imputation and Posterior Simulation for Multivariate Missing Data in Longitudinal Studies (2000)

This paper outlines a multiple imputation method for handling missing data in designed longitudinal studies. A random coefficients model is developed to accommodate incomplete multivariate continuous longitudinal data. Multivariate repeated measures are jointly modeled; specifically, an i.i.d. normal model is assumed for time-independent variables and a hierarchical random coefficients model is assumed for time-dependent variables in a regression model conditional on the time-independent variables and time, with heterogeneous error variances across variables and time points. Gibbs sampling is used to draw model parameters and for imputations of missing observations. An application to data from a study of startle reactions illustrates the model. A simulation study compares the multiple imputation procedure to the weighting approach of Robins, Rotnitzky, and Zhao (1995, Journal of the American Statistical Association 90, 106-121) that can be used to address similar data structures.
Sinus tract in the neck: a rare complication of subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. (1986)

The present report demonstrates a complication not previously reported secondary to thyroid surgery as a treatment of hyperthyroidism. This complication of a sinus tract extending 6 cm from the thyroid to the skin appeared to be due to a foreign body reaction to the sutures utilized in the operation. This sinus tract which extruded some sutures became infected with Staphylococcus aureus which prevented spontaneous closure. The formation of a sinus tract in the neck after a subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism appears to be a much less common complication than the previously reported complications of bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis, unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis, permanent post-operative hypoparathyroidism and thyroid storm secondary to this surgery, but the true incidence of sinus tract formation after thyroid surgery is unknown at present.
[Shedding of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) from melanoma cells and the effect on cellular cytotoxicity]. (1992)

ICAM-1-mediated cell-cell adhesion is essential for various immunologic functions, including non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. Shedding of ICAM-1 occurred after stimulation of melanoma cells with TNF alpha and IFN gamma. Soluble forms of ICAM-1 inhibited the conjugate formation of NK clones with K562 and of LAK cells with melanoma cells. Furthermore, the non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity mediated by NK clones or LAK cells could be abrogated by soluble ICAM-1.
Evidence for a major Late Precambrian tectonic event (rifting?) in the Eastern Midcontinent Region, United States (1982)

Recently acquired gravity and aeromagnetic data delineate a large linear gravity anomaly which extends through eastern Kentucky and Tennessee and coincides with a zone of complex, high‐amplitude magnetic anomalies. Basement lithologies in the area can be interpreted as a bimodal volcanic suite which is locally peralkaline in nature. These volcanics appear to be metamorphosed where they lie east of the Grenville front, suggesting they predate the Grenville metamorphic event. The available gravity, aeromagnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data, along with regional correlations, suggest that the best tectonic interpretation of these data is that a Keweenawan rift zone extended through the area. This rift can be roughly outlined by the gravity high, which is locally offset, suggesting the presence of transform faults. The boundaries of this rift have been locally reactivated and, in fact, a recent earthquake was located along its western boundary in northern Kentucky.
Underground coal gasification site selection and characterization in Washington State and gasification test designs (1980)

A program of investigation has been carried out to identify and characterize a site in Washington state suitable for underground coal gasification (UCG) experiments and possible commercial development. A site in the Tono Basin of the Centralia-Chehalis district containing an estimated 5 x 10/sup 10/ kg of subbituminous coal in two deeply buried seams (the Lower Thompson and the Big Dirty) was found that may be suitable for underground coal gasification (UCG) experiments and possible commercial development. Eight exploratory boreholes and two test wells were drilled to provide the primary subsurface geologic and hydrologic information about the site. A series of surface gasification tests using large blocks of coal cut free of the Big Dirty seam in mine exposures will be conducted to establish a preliminary set of in situ operational parameters-air injection pressures, flow rates, and coal consumption rates. If the site is found suitable, the surface gasification tests will be followed by two deep underground gasification experiments - one employing borehole linking and the other reverse combustion-linking. The proposed large coal block surface gasification tests and the UCG experiments will provide a basis for decisions concerning the nature of future gasification efforts in the Tono Basin.
Entropic Colloidal Interactions in Concentrated DNA Solutions (1998)

We explore the entropic interactions between a pair of micron-sized colloidal spheres in DNA solutions. By confining the particles in a line-scanned optical tweezer, we directly measured the functional form of the interaction potential with sub- ${k}_{B}T$ resolution in samples where the spheres and the polymer coils were of comparable size. The potential is well described by the Asakura-Oosawa depletion model even in the semidilute regime where DNA coils overlap strongly. Its range and depth increase with increasing concentration in a manner consistent with a crossover from a dilute solution of Gaussian coils to the weakly fluctuating semidilute regime dominated by two-point collisions which is unique to semiflexible polymers.
Multiple Transmission-Reflection IR Spectroscopy Shows that Surface Hydroxyls Play Only a Minor Role in Alkylsilane Monolayer Formation on Silica (2013)

Multiple transmission-reflection (MTR)—a recently developed infrared spectroscopy sampling method for surfaces—has been applied to the study of silane monolayer formation on silicon oxide. Thanks to the excellent signal:noise ratio of data obtained by MTR, spectra of silane monolayers on a silica substrate could be readily obtained. This system has been previously difficult to investigate by standard sampling methods. The data is particularly important for gaining insights into the nature of the silica-silane interaction. The results support a model in which the inherent strain caused by the mismatch of alkyl-chain van der Waals radius and Si–O–Si bond distance is relieved in silane monolayers by the formation of a structure resembling snow moguls or closely packed umbrellas.
<title>Lossless compression of multispectral SPOT images</title> (1997)

In this paper, we address the problem of lossless multispectral compression of remote-sensing data acquired using SPOT satellites. Compression algorithms have classically two stages: a transformation of the available data and coding. In the first stage, the aim is to express the spectral data as uncorrelated data in an optimal way. In the second stage, the coding is performed via the use of either a Rice or an arithmetic coding. In the first part of this paper, we discuss two well-known schemes, namely predictive technique and S + P transform, for the spatial decorrelation of multispectral SPOT images. Obviously, using only spatial properties is not optimal. However, few works have been carried out to address simultaneously the three intrinsic dimensions of multispectral images. In order to overcome this limitation, we have developed a predictive model based on three 3D-predictors. Compression ratios obtained are presented and discussed. In particular, there is a significant improvement in the compression ratios with respect to lossless compression methods based on spatial decorrelation method.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) Fusion–Associated Gene <i>AF4</i> Promotes CD133 Transcription (2023)

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Noble Metal Alloys for Plasmonics (2016)

The fixed optical properties of noble metals currently limit their use in photonic devices that operate at optical frequencies. To achieve metals with tunable optical response, we present noble metal alloyed thin-films formed by the binary mixture of Ag, Au, and Cu. As the dielectric functions (ε) of the alloys cannot be modeled as the linear combination of the pure metals, we combined transmission and reflection measurements of the alloyed thin films with a B-spline model that takes into account the Kromers–Kronig relation and experimentally determined the dielectric functions. We found that in some cases a mixture can provide a material with higher surface plasmon polariton quality factor than the corresponding pure metals. We independently measured the surface plasmon polariton coupling angle for all alloys using the Kretschmann configuration and found excellent agreement between the two methods when determining ε. Our approach paves the way to implement metallic thin films and nanostructures with on-demand optical responses, overcoming the current limitation of the dielectric function of noble metals.
Performance Characteristics of a 10-kW Industrial CO_2 Laser System (1974)

Performance characteristics of an industrial high powered laser system are presented. These include laser gain and laser medium quality measurements that show that the laser system is capable of delivering a 15 kW, near diffraction limited beam to a focal point. A description of this laser system is also given.
Fine Tuning the N‐Terminal Residue Excision with Methionine Analogues (2008)

The amino acid composition of the N terminus of a protein determines whether the first methionine residue is excised or not. Its replacement by a chemically distinct noncanonical analogue by an expanded genetic code affects the overall efficiency of this process. Recent advances have provided novel insight into the N-terminal residue excision rules; this certainly will enrich the repertoire of chemical protein engineering.
Comparison of noise-normalized minimum norm estimates for MEG analysis using multiple resolution metrics (2010)

Noise-normalization has been shown to partly compensate for the localization bias towards superficial sources in minimum norm estimation. However, it has been argued that in order to make inferences for the case of multiple sources, localization properties alone are insufficient. Instead, multiple measures of resolution should be applied to both point-spread and cross-talk functions (PSFs and CTFs). Here, we demonstrate that noise-normalization affects the shapes of PSFs, but not of CTFs. We evaluated PSFs and CTFs for the MNE, dSPM and sLORETA inverse operators, on the metrics dipole localization error (DLE), spatial dispersion (SD) and overall amplitude (OA). We used 306-channel MEG configurations obtained from 17 subjects in a real experiment, including individual noise covariance matrices and head geometries. We confirmed that for PSFs DLE improved after noise normalization, and is zero for sLORETA. However, SD was generally lower for the unnormalized MNE. OA distributions were similar for all three methods, indicating that all three methods may greatly underestimate some sources relative to others. The reliability of differences between methods across subjects was demonstrated using distributions of standard deviations and p-values from paired t-tests. As predicted, the shapes of CTFs were the same for all methods, reflecting the general resolution limits of the inverse problem. This means that noise-normalization is of no consequence where linear estimation procedures are used as "spatial filters." While low DLE is advantageous for the localization of a single source, or possibly a few spatially distinct sources, the benefit for the case of complex source distributions is not obvious. We suggest that software packages for source estimation should include comprehensive tools for evaluating the performance of different methods.
Microstructural Development in Friction Welded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy (2006)

Microstructural development of friction welded AZ31 alloy was studied. The microstructures near weld interface consist of mainly three regions that are recrystallized fine-grain, mixed-grain and twin regions. The most impressive microstructural feature is grain refinement. Fine grains whose size was approximately 2 μm were produced at the weld interface due to a hot heavy working, resulting in the increase of micro-Vickers hardness. New fine grains were born at the shear bands that were introduced during the friction and upset processes. The grain size depended on the welding condition, especially the upset pressure. The smaller grains were obtained with higher upset pressure and shorter friction time. Although Hall–Petch relation was basically realized in friction welded AZ31, it is necessary to consider the effect of work hardening.
Spectroscopic studies of n-donor—σ-acceptor systems (1966)

The interaction of ketones and various thiocarbonyl derivatives with iodine has been examined. The thermodynamics of the interaction of carbonyl and thiocarbonyl donors have been discussed and compared.
Hematopathology of the Bone Marrow in Pediatric Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A Study of 17 Patients (1989)

Sixteen bone marrow aspirates and 15 trephine core biopsies from 17 children with cutaneous mastocytosis, of which 15 exhibited urticaria pigmentosa and 2 exhibited diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, were evaluated for the presence of bone marrow-associated pathologic conditions. Eight bone marrow aspirates from 8 children and 23 trephine core bone marrow biopsies from 16 children who had had evaluation for hematologic abnormalities not associated with cutaneous mastocytosis served as a control population. Eosinophilia was a prominent finding in bone marrows of 9 of 17 patients who had cutaneous mastocytosis. Increased mast cell numbers in bone marrow aspirates were observed in 5 children with cutaneous mastocytosis (5 of 16) and in 2 of the control children (2 of 8). Examination of the trephine core bone marrow biopsies obtained from patients with cutaneous mastocytosis demonstrated focal perivascular and paratrabecular aggregates consisting of mast cells, eosinophils, and early myeloid cells in 10 of 15 individuals. Similar lesions were observed in trephine core bone marrow biopsies of 3 of 16 control patients. The focal mast cell lesions characteristic of adult systemic mastocytosis were not observed. The authors conclude that cutaneous mastocytosis in the pediatric age group is rarely associated with definitive bone marrow findings suggestive of systemic mast cell disease and that this observation is consistent with previous reports that cutaneous mastocytosis in the majority of pediatric cases resolves by adulthood.
A method for accurate measurements of the respiration rates of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae (1999)

Measurements of respiration rates are essential to quantify the energy requirements of embryos and larvae. Here we describe a 'pBOD' method that employs small ( < l ml) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) glass vials in which embryos and larvae are incubated. A decrease in oxygen concentration is measured by injecting seawater from each vial into the measurement chamber of a standard polarographic oxygen sensor. This pBOD method was used to measure respiration rates of larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (at 15C) and embryos and larvae of 2 Antarctic echinoderms, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri and the seastar Odontaster validus (both at -1.5OC). For validation, a companson of different methods was performed with embryos and larvae of S. neumayeri. The pBOD method gave results for respiration rates during development that were equivalent to those obtained with either coulometr~c capacitance respirometry or standard \Yinkler's titrations of large (300 ml) BOD bottles. Currently, the most common method for measuring respiration rates of invertebrate embryos and larvae is to place them in small respiration chambers and continuously monitor oxygen tension with a polarographic oxygen sensor (POS) However, respiration rates for embryos and larvae of S. neunlayen were underestimated when standard POS measurements were compared to the measurements made with either pBOD, Winkler's titrations or coulometric capacitance respirometry. A con~parison of the pBOD and POS methods dunng early development in S. neumayeri resulted in different estimates of 920 and 343 pJ, respectively, for the total energetic cost of embryogenesis to gastrulation, illustrating that the POS error can be as great as 6 3 ' s . The pBOD method is accurate for micro-respiration measurements of invertebrate embryos and larvae as well as being simple to operate and appropriate for field work
Development of S-SLA based on the Analyses of Security Functions for Anti-virus System (2010)

If one analyzes recent cyber incidents including personal information infringement cases, it seems like actual attack is targeting Internet service providers but actually they are targeting Internet service users. For many users, all the services were not provided to them as they have signed for in the contract or personal informations, which users have provided to service providers when signing contracts, were disclosed to public without users' consent causing aftereffect. As a result, importance of S-SLA indexes, which is to be included in the SLA to be signed between a user and a service provider, is ever more increasing. Especially, if there is a S-SLA indexes for anti-virus services, service providers have to provide a high quality of service as they have signed in the SLA. However, there wasn't any researches in the S-SLA area domestically and there are only limited SLA indexes related to system or service maintenances at the moment. Therefore, this paper analyses security functions in anti-virus services and proposes S-SLA indexes for different security level.
Sulfonation with Sulfur Trioxide—Petroleum Lubricant Raffinates (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonation with Sulfur Trioxide—Petroleum Lubricant RaffinatesEverett E. Gilbert and Benjamin. VeldhuisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 1, 31–38Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50565a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50565a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multimodal Techniques for Airway Management (2020)

As opposed to the simplistic promotion of one given technique or device, the multimodal airway management relies on the recognition that each individual approach may fail, that the maintenance of oxygenation during the procedure is a key point, that the prerequisites to the practical step of placing a tube in the trachea involve the knowledge of intelligent and intelligible algorithms and the previous acquisition of skills, with understanding of their foundations. An example of the ‘combination techniques’ using the specific advantages of one medical device to mitigate the limitations of another is the use of a videolaryngoscope to facilitate intubation with a flexible optical bronchoscope, which increases the ease and the success of the process during the clinical as well as the training phases. Other multimodal approaches such as the combination of bronchoscopy with the use of a supraglottic airway or with high flow nasal oxygen optimise the safety of the procedure by maintaining the delivery of oxygen. The multimodal approach is particularly useful for the anaesthesiologist and intensivist only occasionally exposed to the management of difficult airway situations. It improves high quality care of patients, education and training.