gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Open Tubular Gas Chromatographic Columns for Use at 250 C and Above (1971)

A procedure for the construction of open tubular gas chromatographic columns suitable for use at elevated temperatures has been developed. The use of a quarternary phosphonium halide, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, aids in coating the wall of a tube with substrate and causes it to adhere firmly. This technique produces a stable column that is easily reproduced. Differential thermal analysis was used to study the temperature stability of various GC substrates. Combining the proper substrate with the phosphonium halide results in columns that are usable to 250°C and above.
Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene (2016)

There is an urgent need to develop technologies that use renewable energy to convert waste products such as carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels. Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically reduced to hydrocarbons over copper catalysts, although higher efficiency is required. We have developed oxidized copper catalysts displaying lower overpotentials for carbon dioxide electroreduction and record selectivity towards ethylene (60%) through facile and tunable plasma treatments. Herein we provide insight into the improved performance of these catalysts by combining electrochemical measurements with microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy show that copper oxides are surprisingly resistant to reduction and copper(+) species remain on the surface during the reaction. Our results demonstrate that the roughness of oxide-derived copper catalysts plays only a partial role in determining the catalytic performance, while the presence of copper(+) is key for lowering the onset potential and enhancing ethylene selectivity.
Changes in subjective experience elicited by direct stimulation of the human orbitofrontal cortex (2018)

Our study yielded 3 central findings: first, a dissociation between the "silent" anterior and nonsilent middle/posterior OFC where stimulation clearly elicits changes in subjective experience; second, evidence that the OFC might play a causal role in integrating affect and multimodal sensory experiences; and third, clear evidence for left lateralization of negatively valenced effects. Our findings provide important information for clinicians treating OFC injury or planning OFC resection and scientists seeking to understand the brain basis for the integration of sensation, cognition, and affect.
A Matrix Scheme to Extrapolation and Interpolation for a 4G MIMO OFDM System (2010)

An estimation technique for Time-Invariant (TI) channels that utilizes an Extrapolation Matrix (EM) and specially designed pilot sequences is presented. We address the topic of pilot aided multi-user channel estimation for a proposed wireless system that uses OFDM in a synchronous SDMA environment, which can also be regarded as a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) environment. Unlike most multi-user channel estimation methods in the literature, the EM method does not assume that the number of utilized subcarriers is equal to the OFDM FFT size. Also, a matrix based channel interpolation method is described for Time-Varying (TV) channels: Windowed DFT Interpolation. Simulation results show that performance of our methods equal that of current technologies, but the computational complexity is significantly reduced.
The development of ‘Diprifusor’: a TCI system for propofol (1998)

The 'Diprifusor' target controlled infusion system has been developed as a standardised infusion system for the administration of propofol by target controlled infusion. A preferred set of pharmacokinetic parameters for propofol was selected using computer simulation of a known infusion scheme with pharmacokinetic parameters described in published literature. The selected model was included in a 'Diprifusor' module that was interfaced with, and later incorporated into, a computer-compatible infusion pump. Clinical trials with such systems led to guidance on appropriate target concentrations for the administration of propofol by 'Diprifusor' target controlled infusion for inclusion in drug prescribing information. Standardisation of the delivery performance (+/- 5%) of commercial systems has been achieved with a laboratory performance specification. Clinical studies indicate that the actual blood concentrations achieved were about 16% greater than the calculated values displayed by the system. In an individual patient, titration of the target concentration is required in the same manner as an anaesthetic vapouriser is adjusted to obtain a specific pharmacodynamic effect.
Mapping of linear epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16: The E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7 open reading frames (1990)

Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV type 16, are associated with proliferative lesions of the cervix uteri that can progress to malignancy. In order to map the linear epitopes of the HPV-encoded proteins, we have synthesized the predicted amino acid sequences of the open reading frames (ORFs) in the early region of HPV 16, as a set of 94 synthetic 20-residue peptides overlapping each other with 5 amino acids. The peptides were tested for reactivity with IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies in the sera of 30 patients with HPV 16-carrying cervical neoplasia. The EI ORF had only low immunoreactivity, but several relatively minor epitopes were identified in the carboxyterminal part. The E2 ORF was found to contain several epitopes that were highly immunoreactive with a majority (up to 87%) of the cervical cancer patients' sera. The E4 ORF had one major, regularly IgA- and IgG-reactive epitope, whereas the E5 and E6 ORFs had only a few minor epitopes. The E7 ORF had several epitopes that were highly immunoreactive, but only with a minority of patients' sera. The 10 most immunoreactive peptides were also analyzed for immunoreactivity with 60 control sera, of which 22 were derived from patients with parotid gland tumors and 38 were derived from healthy volunteers. Most of the peptides were also immunoreactive with the control sera. However, the IgA antibodies, and to some extent the IgG antibodies, were found at much lower levels among the controls.
Role of specific T-type calcium channel blocker R(−) efonidipine in the regulation of renal medullary circulation (2012)

These results suggest that TCC blockade with R(-)EFO selectively increases MBF, an effect that appears to be mediated by changes in renal NO and oxidative stress balance, which may protect against ischemic renal injury in the renal medullary region.
Efficacy of Carcass Electrical Stimulation in Meat Quality Enhancement: A Review (2014)

The use of electrical stimulation (ES) as a management tool to improve meat quality and efficiency of meat processing is reviewed. The basis of the efficacy of ES is its ability to fast track postmortem glycolysis, which in turn stimulates myriad histological, physical, biochemical, biophysical and physiological changes in the postmortem muscle. Electrical stimulation hastens the onset and resolution of rigor mortis thereby reducing processing time and labor and plays a vital role in improving meat tenderness and other meat quality traits. However, ES may have negative impacts on some meat quality traits such as color stability and water holding capacity in some animals. Electrical stimulation is not an end in itself. In order to achieve the desired benefits from its application, the technique must be properly used in conjunction with various intricate antemortem, perimortem and postmortem management practices. Despite extensive research on ES, the fundamental mechanisms and the appropriate commercial applications remained obscured. In addition, muscles differ in their response to ES. Thus, elementary knowledge of the various alterations with respect to muscle type is needed in order to optimize the effectiveness of ES in the improvement of meat quality.
Evaluation of the physiological response to infrared irradiation by simple irradiation therapeutic equipment; Kan`i sekigaisen chiryoki ni yoru sekigaisen shosha ni taisuru seitai hanno no hyoka (1997)

This paper deals with the treatment effects of the far infrared irradiation. The autonomic response was analyzed in order to evaluate the relaxation effects caused by infrared irradiation and to analyze the function of the peripheral nervous system. In an experiment, the local temperature, blood flow and ECG were measured during and post-irradiation. Infrared irradiation was found to cause an increase in parasympathetic activities. This result shows the relaxation effects of infrared irradiation. An increase in blood flow appeared a few minutes following the increase in skin temperature. 14 refs., 4 figs.
Bright high-purity quantum emitters in aluminium nitride integrated photonics (2020)

Solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) are fundamental in photonic-based quantum information processing. There is strong interest to develop high-quality QEs in III-nitride semiconductors because of their sophisticated manufacturing driven by large and growing applications in optoelectronics, high voltage power transistors, and microwave amplifiers. Here, we report the generation and direct integration of QEs in an aluminium nitride-based photonic integrated circuit platform. For individual waveguide-integrated QEs, we measure an off-chip count rate exceeding $6 \times 10^{4}$ counts per second (cps) (saturation rate &gt; $8.6 \times 10^{4}$ cps). In an unpatterned thin-film sample, we measure antibunching with $g^{(2)}(0) \sim 0.05$ and photon count rates exceeding $8 \times 10^{5}$ cps (saturation rate &gt; $1 \times 10^{6}$ cps). Although spin and detailed optical linewidth measurements are left for future work, these results already show the potential for high-quality QEs monolithically integrated in a wide range of III-nitride device technologies that would enable new quantum device opportunities and industrial scalability.
Holter, Loop Recorder, and Event Counter Capabilities of Implanted Devices (1997)

The current generation of cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators almost all have some capabilities to store data regarding device activity and patient events for future retrieval. This information may provide valuable information regarding device function and whether this is proving valuable in patient management. Examples include "pace-sense" counters, which can reveal under sensing of patient events, and serial lead impedance measurements, which are able to demonstrate trends not seen on isolated measurements. Holter capabilities become vital in more advanced devices for documenting the utility of, and fine tuning the programming of features such as antitachycardia pacing, rate-responsiveness, and mode-switching. Finally, the ability to store patient events as marker channels and even intracardiac electrograms adds a diagnostic capability not available through external monitoring. This role has now been advanced by the development of a purely diagnostic implantable loop recorder.
Delineating the breast cancer immune microenvironment in the era of multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (2021)

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. Treatment is challenging, especially for those who are triple-negative. Increasing evidence suggests that diverse immune populations are present in the breast tumour microenvironment, which opens up avenues for personalised drug targets. Historically, our investigations into the immune constitution of breast tumours have been restricted to analyses of one or two markers at a given time. Recent technological advances have allowed simultaneous labelling of more than 35 markers and detailed profiling of tumour-immune infiltrates at the single-cell level, as well as determining the cellular composition and spatial analysis of the entire tumour architecture. In this review, we describe emerging technologies that have contributed to the field of breast cancer diagnosis, and discuss how to interpret the vast data sets obtained in order to effectively translate them for clinically relevant use.
Hydrogen crack initiation and propagation in pure iron single crystal (1994)

The initiation and propagation of hydrogen cracks in a pure iron single crystal have been investigated via notched tensile tests with simultaneous cathodic charging of hydrogen. The notch opening displacement for hydrogen crack growth when the tensile direction was parallel to [001] was much smaller than for [110] tension. Hydrogen cracks under [001] tension propagated in a straight line on the (001) plane from the notch root with only slight plastic deformation, whereas under [110] tension they propagated in a zigzag fashion with significantly larger plastic strain accompanying many slip bands. The slip band formation and the crack arrest patterns on the fracture surfaces indicate that hydrogen cracks were initiated and propagated by dislocation reactions on the slip systems in accordance with calculations for the maximum resolved shear stress distribution around the crack tip. The difference in hydrogen crack propagation between [001] and [110] oriented specimens has been explained by assuming that 〈001〉 Cottrell dislocations are stabilised by a high density of hydrogen atoms transported by dislocations which coalesce with each other.MST/1866
Synthesis and Microwave Dielectric Properties of La2O3–xB2O3-Based Melt Mixtures for Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics (2005)

La 2 O 3 – x B 2 O 3 -based melts were fabricated. Two kinds of melts, crystalline at x =2 and amorphous at x =3 with ZnO additions, were obtained. The microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of the ceramics prepared from the melts and calcined La 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 were investigated. Several mixtures of 50 wt % melts and 50 wt % calcined powder were fireable around 900°C, which was a low firing temperature for cofiring with a low-loss conductor. Among them, the dielectric properties for a fired mixture of 50 wt % La 2 O 3 –2B 2 O 3 –0.5ZnO melt and 50 wt % calcined powder showed an fQ value of about 30000 GHz and ε r =9–10 at 13 GHz. 5 wt % crystalline additives fired at 925°C, which have the same composition as the host ceramic material, increased fQ to 63000 GHz. The mixtures of 20–80 wt % crystalline melt and 80–20 wt % amorphous melt were also sinterable below 900°C. The best dielectric properties, fQ =72000 GHz and ε r =8 at 13 GHz, with low firing temperatures were exhibited when the mixing ratio was 20 wt % crystalline melt and 80 wt % amorphous melt. The green sheet, which contained two kinds of melts, could be cofired with Ag at 900°C.
A web-based melanoma image diagnosis support system using topic map and AJAX technologies (2008)

The design and implementation of a web-based diagnostic support tool for melanoma dermatological images and related diagnostic data is presented. The proposed system is semantic web-based and is driven by exploiting the combination of AJAX framework and topic map technology. A novel client/server architecture was developed that enables several clients to interact online with the topic map-based system. Users have the ability to access the system anywhere and anytime via a simple Internet browser. Additionally, an ABCD application has been developed for automated calculation of ABCD parameters and consequently embedded in the proposed TM-based system.
Inheritance of Cry1F resistance in laboratory-selected European corn borer and its survival on transgenic corn expressing the Cry1F toxin (2008)

A major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management strategies for transgenic crop plants that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis is that resistance traits that evolve in pest species will be recessive. The inheritance of Cry1F resistance and larval survival on commercially available Cry1F corn hybrids were determined in a laboratory-selected strain of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), displaying more than 3000-fold resistance to Cry1F. Concentration-response bioassays of reciprocal parental crosses indicated that the resistance is autosomal and recessive. Bioassays of the backcross of the F1 generation with the selected strain were consistent with the hypothesis that a single locus, or a set of tightly linked loci, is responsible for the resistance. Greenhouse experiments with Cry1F-expressing corn hybrids indicated that some resistant larvae survived the high dose of toxin delivered by Cry1F-expressing plants although F1 progeny of susceptible by resistant crosses had fitness close to zero. These results provide the first direct evidence that the high dose/refuge strategy currently in place to manage resistance in Cry1F-expressing corn is appropriate.
Does the Enthalpy of Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions Affect the Formation of Aqueous Secondary Organic Aerosols? (2018)

The chemical aging of liquid organic aerosols most likely occurs via exothermic heterogeneous chemical reactions on the aerosol's surface. Because of the enthalpy of reactions, the temperature of an aerosol particle during its chemical aging may become greater than the ambient (air) temperature. We attempt to shed light on this aspect of the formation of secondary organic aerosols considering their nucleation and chemical aging as concomitant processes. Using the model of aqueous hydrophilic-hydrophobic organic aerosols in the framework of classical nucleation theory, we evaluate characteristic time scales of the four most important processes involved in this complex phenomenon. Their analysis suggests that the release of the enthalpy of heterogeneous chemical reactions during the chemical aging of organic aerosols may play a significant impeding role in the formation of an ensemble of aqueous secondary organic aerosols via nucleation and hence must be taken into account in atmospheric aerosol and global climate models.
4-Hydroxynonenal, a product of cellular lipid peroxidation, which modulates c-myc and globin gene expression in K562 erythroleukemic cells. (1992)

Several studies point to the existence of an inverse correlation between cellular lipid peroxidation and both cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. Here, we show that 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) concentrations close to the level found in normal cells (in the range of 1 and 3 microM) can specifically induce changes in the expression of c-myc and gamma-globin mRNA in K562 cells, without inducing any toxic effects or affecting cell viability. Since we have determined that K562 cells have undetectable levels of endogenous lipid peroxidation, all these effects can be assigned to the exogenous HNE treatment. After a 1-h treatment with 1 microM HNE, c-myc mRNA levels decrease transiently during the first 4 h, rebounding later to higher levels, and normalizing to basal expression after 4 days. Run-on experiments show a transient transcriptional block 20 min after HNE treatment and subsequent posttranscriptional regulation. According to S1 mapping, mRNA changes are exerted on c-myc transcripts initiated from both the principal constitutive start sites (P1 and P2). gamma-Globin mRNA levels concomitantly increase 3- to 4-fold, but no significant changes of housekeeping gene expression are observed. On the basis of these results it appears that the restoration in human erythroleukemic K562 cells of HNE concentrations closer to the level in normal cells can modulate the expression of specific genes.
Systematic software-based self-test for pipelined processors (2006)

Software-based self-test (SBST) has recently emerged as an effective methodology for the manufacturing test of processors and other components in Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). By moving test related functions from external resources to the SoC's interior, in the form of test programs that the on-chip processor executes, SBST eliminates the need for high-cost testers, and enables high-quality at-speed testing. Thus far, SBST approaches have focused almost exclusively on the functional (directly programmer visible) components of the processor. In this paper, we analyze the challenges involved in testing an important component of modern processors, namely, the pipelining logic, and propose a systematic SBST methodology to address them. We first demonstrate that SBST programs that only target the functional components of the processor are insufficient to test the pipeline logic, resulting in a significant loss of fault coverage. We further identify the testability hotspots in the pipeline logic. Finally, we develop a systematic SBST methodology that enhances existing SBST programs to comprehensively test the pipeline logic. The proposed methodology is complementary to previous SBST techniques that target functional components (their results can form the input to our methodology), and can reuse the test development effort behind existing SBST programs. We applied the methodology to two complex, fully pipelined processors. Results show that our methodology provides fault coverage improvements of up to 15% (12% on average) for the entire processor, and fault coverage improvements of 22% for the pipeline logic, compared to a conventional SBST approach.
Linking Receptor-mediated Endocytosis and Cell Signaling (2004)

Megalin, a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family, is required for efficient protein absorption in the proximal tubule. Recent studies have shown that the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, another member of this gene family, is proteolytically processed by gamma-secretase implying a role for low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in a Notchlike signaling pathway. This pathway has been shown to involve: 1) metalloprotease-mediated ectodomain shedding and gamma-secretase-mediated intramembrane proteolysis of some receptors. Experiments were performed to determine whether megalin undergoes similar processing. By immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and a fluorogenic enzyme assay presenilin-1 (required for gamma-secretase activity) and gamma-secretase activity were found in the brush border of proximal kidney tubules where megalin is localized. Using a fluorogenic peptide containing an amyloid precursor protein gamma-secretase cleavage site and Compound E, a specific gamma-secretase inhibitor, we found high levels of gamma-secretase activity in renal brush border membrane vesicles. Immunoblotting analysis of renal microsomes and opossum kidney proximal tubule (OKP) cells using antibodies directed to the cytosolic domain of megalin showed a 35-40-kDa, membrane-associated, carboxyl-terminal fragment of megalin (MCTF). When cells were incubated with 200 nm phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the appearance of the MCTF increased 2.5-fold and was blocked by metalloprotease inhibitors. When the cells were incubated with gamma-secretase inhibitor Compound E, it caused a 2-fold increase in MCTF. Finally, incubating the cells with 1 microm vitamin D-binding protein resulted in a 25% increase in the appearance of the MCTF. In summary, the MCTF is produced by protein kinase C regulated, metalloprotease-mediated ectodomain shedding and is the substrate for gamma-secretase. We postulate that the enzymatic processing of megalin represents part of a novel ligand-dependent signaling pathway in the proximal tubule that links receptor-mediated endocytosis with cell signaling.