gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional repressor Snail promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in human non-small cell lung cancer (2008)

Yanagawa, Jane MD; Walser, Tonya C. PhD; Lee, Jay M. MD; Dohadwala, Mariam PhD; Zhu, Li X. MD; Krysan, Kostyantyn PhD; Luo, Jie MS; Sharma, Sherven PhD; Dubinett, Steven M. MD Author Information
Radio Resource Management Algorithm Based on Required Data Quality (2004)

Wireless local area network (LAN) techniques have been adopted not only to office and home networks but also spot access in public places. Although the transmission speed of wireless LANs has reached to a few ten Mbps, the effective transmission speed for each user degrades due to the restriction of radio resources in multi-user environments. In this paper, we propose a new radio resource management algorithm for the IEEE802.11a wireless LAN. In the proposed scheme, the wireless transmission mode is chosen according to the acceptable bit error rate (BER) of each transmitted packet. Then, the bandwidth assignment is performed, as matching the bit rates required of the packets. The proposed scheme can improve the quality of service for every user by assigning a lot of radio resources to error-sensitive data and the data requiring high bit-rates. In this paper, we verify the availability of the proposed scheme by computer simulations.
Marketing Inference in the Behavioral Sciences (1970)

How can the behavioral sciences be used more effectively in marketing? What procedures should be followed? What are the inherent limitations confronting the marketer working with behavioral science tools? These and other questions are discussed. The process of scientific inference for marketing and the behavioral sciences is presented, and several reasons are offered for studying the behavioral sciences in a marketing context.
Near-Field Scanning Photocurrent Measurements of Polyfluorene Blend Devices:  Directly Correlating Morphology with Current Generation (2004)

Near-field scanning photocurrent microscopy (NSPM) measurements probing the relationship between morphology and current generation in photovoltaic devices based on p-xylene processed poly(9,9‘-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N‘-(4,butylphenyl)-bis-N,N‘-phenyl-1,4-phenylene-diamine) [PFB] and poly(9,9‘-dioctylfluorene-co-benzo-thiadiazole) [F8BT] blend films are presented. We find that current generation occurs primarily from within the micron-sized phase-segregated domains, with the PFB-rich phase contributing significantly more current than the surrounding F8BT-rich regions. These results are explained by nanoscale intermixing within the micron-sized domains, with differing extents of intermixing in the PFB- and F8BT-rich domains.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Fog Computing Networks With the Candidate Mechanism (2020)

Recently, a fog computing network that widely deploys fog nodes (FNs) at the edge of the network has been able to provide better communication performance and powerful computation support to the resource-limited Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In this article, we analyze the energy-efficient (EE) resource allocation problem in fog computing networks with the candidate FNs mechanism to ensure the network loading balance under the transmission performance constraints. In the scenario, the associated computation capability allocated to IoT devices from FNs is related to the historical energy consumption and the current energy consumption. The FN that reports nonzero computation capability is considered as the candidate FN and included in the candidate set. Moreover, a candidate FN-based EE resource allocation (CF-EE) algorithm is proposed to maximize network EE, which is converted into the Lyapunov optimization for each time slot. The optimal resource allocation can be obtained by minimizing the upper bound of the Lyapunov drift function and the penalty term to guarantee the loading balance and network stability. Finally, the optimization problem is decomposed into two suboptimization problems: 1) transmission resource allocation optimization and 2) power allocation optimization, and solved separately. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CF-EE algorithm can achieve a considerable performance improvement compared with algorithms in the literature.
Survival of Stored-Product Insect Natural Enemies in Spinosad-Treated Wheat (2004)

The survival of stored product insect natural enemies in wheat treated with spinosad was investigated in laboratory and pilot scale experiments. The predator Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter), the warehouse pirate bug, and the parasitoids Habrobracon hebetor (Say), Theocolax elegans (Westwood), and Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) were exposed to wheat treated with aliquots of water or spinosad at 0.05-1 mg ([AI])/kg. X. flavipes was the only species that survived (92% survival) in spinosad-treated wheat at 1 mg/kg. X. flavipes suppressed populations of immature Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, by nearly 90% compared with a water-treated control, but 100% suppression of immatures was achieved in wheat receiving spinosad or spinosad + X. flavipes treatments. A 3-mo pilot scale experiment to evaluate T. castaneum suppression in drums holding 163.3 kg of wheat showed that the pest populations increased throughout the study in the control treatment, but peaked after 1 mo in the X. flavipes-treated drums. By comparison, better T. castaneum population suppression was achieved in spinosad or spinosad + X. flavipes treatments. Although X. flavipes can survive and reproduce in spinosad-treated wheat, under our test conditions spinosad alone provided adequate suppression of T. castaneum populations in stored wheat.
Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation in Heterocycles Using Ni- and Pd-Catalyzed Reactions (1992)

Methods for the formation of C-C bonds in heterocycles which occur via Ni- and Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling, alkenylation and alkynylation reactions are summarized. The influence of the organometallic-component and the nature of the catalyst on the efficiency of cross-coupling reactions are analyzed, and the scope of the reaction is established. 1. Introduction 2. Cross-Coupling Reactions with Heterocyclic Organometallics and Halides 2.1. Organolithium, Organomagnesium and Organozinc Compounds 2.2. Organomercuric and Organocopper Compounds 2.3. Organoboron, Organoaluminum and Organozirconium Compounds 2.4. Organotin Compounds 3. Reactions of Heteroaryl Halides with Alkenes and Alkynes 3.1. Reactions with Alkenes 3.2. Reactions with Alkynes 4. Other Reactions
Impedance Characterization of Hydro Generator Stator Windings and Preliminary Results of FRA Analysis (2008)

Experimental investigations of the frequency response of the impedance of hydro generator windings are reported. The impedance was measured in both series and parallel mode over a frequency range of 10 Hz to 1 MHz. Measurements on the phase end and the neutral end are compared. The possibility of increasing service life by means of neutral/phase end reversal on old machines is discussed.
Subnanometer Fusion Pores in Spontaneous Exocytosis of Peptidergic Vesicles (2007)

Kiss-and-run exocytosis, consisting of reversible fusion between the vesicle membrane and the plasma membrane, is considered to lead to full fusion after stimulation of vesicles containing classical transmitters. However, whether this is also the case in the fusion of peptidergic vesicles is unknown. Previously, we have observed that spontaneous neuropeptide discharge from a single vesicle is slower than stimulated release, because of the kinetic constraints of fusion pore opening. To explore whether slow spontaneous release also reflects a relatively narrow fusion pore, we analyzed the permeation of FM 4-64 dye and HEPES molecules through spontaneously forming fusion pores in lactotroph vesicles expressing synaptopHluorin, a pH-dependent fluorescent fusion marker. Confocal imaging showed that half of the spontaneous exocytotic events exhibited fusion pore openings associated with a change in synaptopHluorin fluorescence but were impermeable to FM 4-64 and HEPES. Together with membrane capacitance measurements, these findings indicate an open fusion pore diameter <0.5 nm, much smaller than the neuropeptides. In stimulated cells, >70% of exocytotic events exhibited a larger, FM 4-64-permeable pore (>1 nm). Interestingly, capacitance measurements showed that the majority of exocytotic events in spontaneous and stimulated conditions were transient. Stimulation increased the frequency of transient events and the fusion pore dwell time but decreased the fraction of events with lowest measurable fusion pore. Kiss-and-run is the predominant mode of exocytosis in resting and in stimulated peptidergic vesicles. Stimulation prolongs the effective opening of the fusion pore and expands its primary subnanometer diameter to enable hormone secretion without full fusion.
Latest information on Sterkfontein's Australopithecus skeleton and a new look at Australopithecus (2008)

After a decade of careful excavation, it is now possible to explain how the skeleton came to be in that isolated position in the cavern. Furthermore, it is apparent that the fossil does not belong to either Australopithecus africanus or to A. afarensis, but to an individual belonging to, or closely affiliated to, the second Australopithecus species that is represented in Sterkfontein Member 4 and Makapansgat.
Computerized-Aid Medical Training (2014)

The application of new technologies in training environments allows the development of new teaching modalities that enable knowledge and ability acquisition in healthcare professionals. Simulation has proven to be an effective method to favor and improve learning as well as to attain the necessary skills to perform a specific technique with greater reliability and security for the patient. We present a new tool or technological development in medical training, through an ultrasound simulator, valid for the knowledge and necessary ability acquisition in the proper infiltration of botulinum toxin guided by ultrasound. This tool benefits from the advantages that new technologies bring when applied in medical training, offering a virtual setting, comfortable and accessible, that does not require the user to move or have access to an ultrasound machine, allowing ultrasound explorations without the existence of a real patient.
Structural dynamics in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (2023)

SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein mediates receptor binding and subsequent membrane fusion. It exists in a range of conformations, including a closed state unable to bind the ACE2 receptor, and an open state that does so but displays more exposed antigenic surface. Spikes of variants of concern (VOCs) acquired amino acid changes linked to increased virulence and immune evasion. Here, using HDX-MS, we identified changes in spike dynamics that we associate with the transition from closed to open conformations, to ACE2 binding, and to specific mutations in VOCs. We show that the RBD-associated subdomain plays a role in spike opening, whereas the NTD acts as a hotspot of conformational divergence of VOC spikes driving immune evasion. Alpha, beta and delta spikes assume predominantly open conformations and ACE2 binding increases the dynamics of their core helices, priming spikes for fusion. Conversely, substitutions in omicron spike lead to predominantly closed conformations, presumably enabling it to escape antibodies. At the same time, its core helices show characteristics of being pre-primed for fusion even in the absence of ACE2. These data inform on SARS-CoV-2 evolution and omicron variant emergence.
Statistical Sampling in Tax Audits (1988)

The courts, with some important qualifications, have been reluctant to uphold tax assessments based on a review of only a sample of all transactions. In this article we argue that audit assessments based on appropriately drawn and analyzed statistical samples do not suffer from the defects that the courts have correctly concluded mar assessments based on nonstatistical samples. We do, however, argue that because of the inherent imprecision of assessments based on a less-than-complete review of all records, the calculation of the assessment should include a factor to take into account the risk that the taxpayer has been overassessed. We suggest an assessment rule that does just this and also recommend guidelines for the use of statistical sampling in tax audits.
An experimental 4 Mb flash EEPROM with sector erase (1991)

A 512K*8 flash EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) which operates from a single 5-V supply was designed and fabricated. A double-poly, single-metal CMOS process with a minimum feature size of 0.9 mu m was developed to manufacture the test vehicle, which resulted in a die size of 95 mm/sup 2/. The storage cell is 8.64 mu m/sup 2/ and consists of a one-transistor cell that uses a remote, scalable, tunnel diode for programming and erasing by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Process high-voltage requirements are relaxed by utilizing circuit techniques to alleviate the burden of high voltages. A segmented architecture provides the flexibility to erase any one sector (16 kB) or the entire chip during one cycle by an erase algorithm. The memory can be programmed one byte at a time, or the internal bit-line latches can be used to program a 256-B page in one cycle. A programming time of 10 ms is typical, which results in a write time of 40 mu s/B during page programming. The chip features an access time of 90 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Precise aftershock distribution of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake revealed by an ocean-bottom seismometer network (2012)

The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake occurred at the plate boundary between the Pacific plate and the landward plate on March 11, 2011, and had a magnitude of 9. Many aftershocks occurred following the mainshock. Obtaining a precise aftershock distribution is important for understanding the mechanism of earthquake generation. In order to study the aftershock activity of this event, we carried out extensive sea-floor aftershock observations using more than 100 ocean-bottom seismometers just after the mainshock. A precise aftershock distribution for approximately three months over the whole source area was obtained from the observations. The aftershocks form a plane dipping landward over the whole area, nevertheless the epicenter distribution is not uniform. Comparing seismic velocity structures, there is no aftershock along the plate boundary where a large slip during the mainshock is estimated. Activity of aftershocks in the landward plate in the source region was high and normal fault-type, and strike-slip-type, mechanisms are dominant. Within the subducting oceanic plate, most earthquakes have also a normal fault-type, or strike-slip-type, mechanism. The stress fields in and around the source region change as a result of the mainshock.
Abstract 17636: Health Status Outcomes in Patients With Radial Access for PCI (2014)

Background: While concerns about the safety and procedural success of radial, as opposed to femoral, access for PCI have largely been abated, the association of radial access with patients’ health status recovery has not been explored. To address this gap in knowledge, we compared the symptoms, physical function and quality of life 1 year after PCI in patients treated with radial, as compared with femoral, access. Methods: This is a 10-center study of PCI, in whom 48 of 139 (35%) interventionalists used both radial and femoral approaches between 2009-2010. A total 2628 patients without prior CABG were interviewed and followed for one year. The previously validated Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to assess disease-specific health status and the EQ-5D was used to quantify generic quality of life. Clinical characteristics and health status outcomes were compared between 296 radial and 2332 femoral PCI procedures. Results: Radial access was used in 11.2% of patients. No demographic (age, gender, race) or clinical factors (e.g. BMI, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, renal disease or prior cardiac history) were associated with radial use, except for an increased use among those with PAD (10.5% radial vs. 6.8% femoral, p=0.022) but reduced use among those with prior PCI (38.3% vs. 32.1%, p=0.037). There was no difference in health status outcomes based on SAQ angina frequency and quality of life, or the EQ-5D at baseline, 6 months or one year (table). Conclusion: In this multi-center observational registry, there was no association of radial access with long-term health status outcomes. These data suggest that there are no offsetting concerns about patients’ long-term health status benefits to counterbalance the peri-procedural safety benefits of a radial approach.
Experimental models of torsades de pointes (1993)

Summary— Torsades de pointes is the most typical ventricular tachycardia involving QT‐interval prolongation. It is a rather unusual but potentially lethal ventricular tachycardia with a distinctive morphology favored by bradycardia, antiarrhythmic drugs and hypokalemia and requires specific treatment. Torsades de pointes has been shown to be related to bradycardia‐dependent early afterdepolarizations (EAD) and/or increased dispersion of repolarization. However, although EAD can be obtained relatively easily in vitro with quinidine or sotalol, torsades de pointes are very difficult to reproduce in animal models. The models of torsades de pointes which have been proposed can be categorized as morphological, EAD‐related or pharmacological models. The purpose of the ‘morphological’ models was to reproduce the twisting of QRS axis typical of torsades de pointes , with no consideration of other aspects such as long QT or bradycardia. These models were produced by epicardial electrical or chemical (aconitine) stimulation at two distant ventricular sites or by overdosing of quinidine in dogs with acute myocardial infarction. The second type of model focused on the conditions producing EAD in vitro. Ventricular tachycardias were obtained in anesthetized dogs using toxics such as cesium or anthopleurine, both producing EAD in vitro. These ventricular tachycardias were shown to be sensitive to magnesium, heart rate and autonomic tone, but torsades de pointes remained rare, at least after cesium injections. The pharmacological models that could be used to study the QT‐dependent proarrhythmic effects of drugs are the anesthetized rabbit with alpha‐adrenergic stimulation, and the conscious dog model with chronic AV‐block and diuretic‐induced hypokalemia. Methoxamine‐treated anesthetized rabbits develop ventricular tachycardias during clofilium infusions. These ventricular tachycardias, although appearing at very high heart rates, have typical torsades de pointes aspects and are often associated with giant QT waves. The specificity of the model remains to be tested. In our conscious bradycardic and hypokalemic dogs, quinidine and sotalol but not flecainide, propranolol or lidocaine induced QT‐dependent arrhythmogenic effects and torsades de pointes. Efficacy of high rate stimulations and magnesium were repeatedly observed. This demanding model, especially designed for qualitative drug comparisons, is also well suited to studies on the mechanisms of initiation of torsades de pointes. The pertinence of these models for estimating the risk of QT‐dependent proarrhythmias associated with non‐antiarrhythmic agents remains to be tested.
Mit der kontrastmittelgestützten MRT gelingt die valide Beurteilung des kraniellen Befallsmusters bei Patienten mit Riesenzellarteriitis (2013)

Ziele: Aufgrund der Gefahr einer irreversiblen Erblindung und von weiteren Komplikationen bedarf es einer raschen Diagnosefindung und Initiierung der Hochdosis-Steroidtherapie bei Patienten mit Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA). Studien haben gezeigt, dass die MRT zuverlässig in der Lage ist, die klassische Beteiligung der oberflächlichen Temporalarterien qualitativ und quantitativ darzustellen. Unsere Arbeit ermittelt ergänzend die Häufigkeit und das Befallsmuster weiterer kranieller Arterien im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Kohortenbeobachtung. Methode: 99 Patienten wurden mittels T1-gewichteter Spin Echo Sequenzen in der MRT untersucht und anschließend einer Biopsie der Temporalarterien zugeführt, in der 68 Patienten positiv (Studiengruppe) und 38 negativ (Kontrollgruppe) bezüglich einer RZA beurteilt wurden. Die Bildgebung wurde unabhängig von zwei Radiologen hinsichtlich Wandverdickung und Kontrastmittelaufnahme am Circulus arteriosus cerebri, der A.ophthalmica, der A.meningea media, der A.temporalis profunda sowie am M.temporalis beurteilt. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit dem Fisher's Exact Test, dem Chi-Quadrat Test und der Bestimmung von Kohen's Kappa als Maß für die Untersucher-Übereinstimmung. Ergebnis: In der Studiengruppe zeigten 65,6% der Patienten eine Beteiligung von mindestens einem untersuchten Gefäß (p<0,003). Die A. ophthalmica war in 55,7% der Fälle betroffen (p<0,01), die tiefe Temporalarterie in 49% (p<0,001). Der M. temporalis war in bis zu 21% entzündlich affektiert. Bezüglich der A.meningea media und dem Circulus arteriosus cerebri zeigten sich in den Studiengruppen keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Verschiedene Koinzidenzen der einzelnen Manifestationsorte konnten beobachtet werden. Schlussfolgerung: Patienten mit RZA weisen neben dem klassischen Befall der A. temporalis superficialis häufig eine Beteiligung von weiteren kraniellen Strukturen auf. Die hochauflösende MRT eignet sich für die Darstellung dieses Befallsmusters.
Enabling Intra-Plane Parallel Block Erase in NAND Flash to Alleviate the Impact of Garbage Collection (2018)

Garbage collection (GC) in NAND flash can significantly decrease I/O performance in SSDs by copying valid data to other locations, thus blocking incoming I/O requests. To help improve performance, NAND flash utilizes various advanced commands to increase internal parallelism. Currently, these commands only parallelize operations across channels, chips, dies, and planes, neglecting the block level due to risk of disturbances that can compromise valid data by inducing errors. However, due to the triple-well structure of the NAND flash plane architecture, it is possible to erase multiple blocks within a plane, in parallel, without diminishing the integrity of the valid data. The number of page movements due to multiple block erases can be restrained so as to bound the overhead per GC. Moreover, more capacity can be reclaimed per GC which delays future GCs and effectively reduces their frequency. Such an Intra-Plane Parallel Block Erase (IPPBE) in turn diminishes the impact of GC on incoming requests, improving their response times. Experimental results show that IPPBE can reduce the time spent performing GC by up to 50.7% and 33.6% on average, read/write response time by up to 47.0%/45.4% and 16.5%/14.8% on average respectively, page movements by up to 52.2% and 26.6% on average, and blocks erased by up to 14.2% and 3.6% on average. An energy analysis conducted indicates that by reducing the number of page copies and the number of block erases, the energy cost of garbage collection can be reduced up to 44.1% and 19.3% on average.
10.4 kW 12-channel ultrafast fibre laser (2020)

We present a twelve-channel coherently-combined ultrafast fibre laser delivering 10.4 kW average power at 80 MHz repetition rate with 254 fs pulse duration and excellent beam quality (M 2 ≤ 1.2). Further power scaling is discussed.