gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the duty cycle of an orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer using ion gates (2007)

A method to control the duty cycle of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer is described. The method relies on one or more ion gates placed in the beam path that have the function to transmit or stop the beam. These ion gates can switch from the open state to the closed state in tens of nanoseconds and effectively select portions of the mass range. The method is useful in circumstances where recording the complete mass spectrum is not an essential requirement, for example, in the analysis of known compounds where sensitivity and speed of operation are more important. It will be of benefit for applications in separation sciences with techniques involving fast chromatographic separations, where hundreds of mass spectra may be required per second. In such circumstances analytical identification may require only a limited number of masses (or mass regions) to be continuously monitored. Improvement of the duty cycle is particularly important for orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight (oa-TOF) mass spectrometry instruments whose performance suffers from a low duty cycle. The duty cycle is not a constant for an instrument design but is a mass-dependent function and is least for smaller masses. The method described here is capable of raising the duty cycle to 100%. A theory is developed for one or more ion gate arrangements, for both linear- and reflectron-TOF systems. For a two-gate system the relationship between the positions of the first and second gates is described by a '2/3 rule'. Experimental results are shown for one-gate and two-gate operation, both in linear and in reflectron modes of operation, on an oa-TOF system built in-house.
Das subchorioidal implantierte Greene-Melanom: Ein tierexperimentelles Modell für das maligne Aderhautmelanom (1990)

A modified technique for subchoroidal transplantation of amelanotic Greene melanoma cells and the intraocular growth patterns of this tumor in rabbit eyes are described. Tumor fragments were implanted via a scleral tunnel in 71 rabbit eyes, with 64 successful tumor growths, producing a prominent, circumscribed choroidal mass within 12-14 days of surgery. Choroidal Greene melanoma in rabbits resembles human epithelioid uveal melanoma in both its growth patterns and morphologic characteristics. The authors' implantation technique guarantees reliable growth of choroidal tumors with easily reproducible size and location. The experimental choroidal melanoma model is particularly valuable in clinical studies where a large number of tumors, with limited variation, is necessary for different experimental groups.
Corepressor SMRT Functions as a Coactivator for Thyroid Hormone Receptor T3Rα from a Negative Hormone Response Element (2002)

Nuclear receptors are ligand-modulated transcription factors that transduce the presence of lipophilic ligands into changes in gene expression. Nuclear receptor activity is regulated by ligand-induced interactions with coactivator or corepressor molecules. From a positive hormone response element (pHRE) and in the absence of hormone, corepressors SMRT and N-CoR are bound to some nuclear receptors such as the thyroid hormone (T3Rs) and retinoic acid receptors and mediate inhibition of basal levels of transcription. Ligand binding results in dissociation of corepressors and association of coactivators, resulting in the reversal of inhibition and a net activation of transcription. However, the role of cofactors on the activity of nuclear receptors from negative HREs (nHREs) is poorly understood. Here we show that corepressor SMRT can act as a potent coactivator for T3Ralpha from a nHRE; N-CoR has a similar but significantly attenuated activity. Mutagenesis of residues in the hinge region of T3Ralpha that block binding of SMRT and N-CoR inhibits ligand-independent transcriptional activation by T3Ralpha from a nHRE. These mutations also abrogate SMRT-mediated increase in transcriptional activity by T3Ralpha at a nHRE without significantly affecting ligand-dependent activation at a pHRE. Partial protease digestion coupled to the mobility shift assay indicate differences in the conformation of T3Ralpha-SMRT complexes bound to a pHRE versus a nHRE. These results suggest that allosteric changes resulting from binding of T3Ralpha to different response elements, i.e. pHREs versus nHREs, dictate whether a cofactor will function as a coactivator or a corepressor. This, in turn, greatly expands the repertoire of mechanisms used in modulating transcription without the need for expression of new regulatory molecules.
Modeling of banded structure in friction stir weld in strain rate–hardening materials of Zener–Hollomon type (2015)

This article presents a shear localization model for simulating the shear band formation process uniquely associated with friction stir welding. By introducing a thermal and plastic deformation boundary layer definition, the shear band formation process can be modeled as shear localization phenomena using one-dimensional coupled elastic visco-plastic model. Material constitutive behavior is assumed to follow Zener–Hollomon constitutive equation. With this model, shear band width, formation time and propagation speed can be theoretically estimated as a measure of friction stir weldability. As such, the shear band propagation speed serves as a theoretical estimate of the maximum possible welding speed under given base material and welding conditions, such as stir pin rotational speed and torque level. The model is shown to provide reasonable estimates of shear localization parameters when compared with recent experimental data on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. With this model, some fundamental questions such as why titanium alloys are more difficult to weld than aluminum alloys or steels can be more quantitatively addressed. And consequently, potential means for mitigating some of the difficulties in friction stir welding of some of the alloys can be theoretically examined to provide guidance for cost-effective development of welding process parameters for new applications.
History of Ureteroscopy (2012)

Technology is the application of science, engineering to producing products or devices that improve upon mankind’s existence. Ureteroscopy has rapidly evolved to become one of the most common procedures performed by the urologist in his/her everyday work life and represents one of urology’s remarkable technologies [Bratslavsky and Moran (Urol Clin NA 31(1):181–187, 2004)]. To fully comprehend ureteroscopy and the urologic applications that will be presented in this textbook, looking backwards in time is essential. The history of this technology is fascinating in its own right and demonstrates the rapidity of impact that the technology can have upon the profession of urology.
Deriving Parameters for Open and Closed QN Models of Operational Systems Through Black Box Optimization (2017)

Black-box modeling techniques are used when modeling computer systems with unknown internal structure or behavior and/or when it is not feasible or too time consuming to monitor a running computer system. The main challenge in these situations lies in estimating values for the parameters of these models, especially the values of service demands at the various devices for each transaction class. These estimates have to be compliant with the input-output relationships observed through measurements. This means that solving a model of the system with the estimated parameters should yield the same outputs (e.g., response times) for the same inputs (e.g., arrival rates or concurrency level). This paper presents a method for automatically estimating service demands for open, closed, single and multiclass queuing networks (QN). The method is based on casting the estimation problem as a non-linear optimization problem. However, because the solution of closed QNs does not have a closed form, we need to resort to black-box optimization techniques. The parameter estimation method presented here is part of iModel, a framework for automatically deriving performance models of systems whose detailed characteristics (structure and behavior) are unknown. Other portions of the framework were discussed in detail in previous publications by the authors. This paper illustrates the ideas through several numerical examples and then applies them to a multi-tiered operational system running OFBiz. The estimated service demands closely satisfy the input-output relationships at various workload intensity levels and can be used for prediction purposes.
Tapered windows in phosphorus-doped SiO2by ion implantation (1978)

Phosphorus-doped SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is frequently used as a dielectric coating in silicon integrated circuits. It is important that windows in this dielectric have sufficiently tapered walls so that the subsequent metallization has good step coverage. It is shown here that tapered windows can be made in both Nitrox-deposited ∼ 1-percent phosphorus-doped SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and Silox-deposited ∼ 7-percent phosphorus-doped SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> as well as undoped SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> by an ion implantation which produces a thin damaged layer at the top of the oxide. The damaged layer etches at a faster rate than the undamaged oxide. This fast-etching layer undercuts the photoresist which serves as the etching mask and results in window walls having slopes in the range of 30-40° with respect to the wafer surface. Tapering windows by ion implantation is a dependable process that gives reproducible results without having to rely on the art of photoresist liftoff methods.
The mathematics of diffusion (1956)

Though it incorporates much new material, this new edition preserves the general character of the book in providing a collection of solutions of the equations of diffusion and describing how these solutions may be obtained.
Mammalian cell death proteases: A family of highly conserved aspartate specific cysteine proteases (1997)

So far nine human aspartate-specific cysteine proteases (ASCPs) have been identified and cloned in our lab and others. Their sequence and structural homology to the nematode Ced-3 implicated them in the cell death pathway of mammalian cells. Recent evidence suggests that ASCPs initiate apoptosis by acting at or near the cell death effector level. However, it is not clear whether the activity of one or several of these enzymes is necessary for execution of apoptosis. In addition, it is not yet clear how the proenzymes of ASCPs are activated or what triggers their activation. Execution of apoptosis in higher eukaryotes is apparently more complicated than in nematodes. It is most likely that in mammalian cells this process involves the coordinated action of multiple ASCPs and multiple redundant proteolytic pathways.
Interconnect resource-aware placement for hierarchical FPGAs (2001)

In this paper, we utilize Rent's rule as an empirical measure for efficient clustering and placement of circuits on hierarchical FPGAs. We show that careful matching of design complexity and architecture resources of hierarchical FPGAs can have a positive impact on the overall device area. We propose a circuit placement algorithm based on Rent's parameter and show that our clustering and placement techniques can improve the overall device routing area by as much as 21% for the same array size, when compared to a state-of-art FPGA placement and routing tool.
Ureteroscopic Resection of Ureterai Neoplasms (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Ureteroscopic Resection of Ureterai Neoplasms Culley C. Carson, Robert A. Bertram, Rudy T. Andriani, and Michael W. Brown Culley C. CarsonCulley C. Carson More articles by this author , Robert A. BertramRobert A. Bertram More articles by this author , Rudy T. AndrianiRudy T. Andriani More articles by this author , and Michael W. BrownMichael W. Brown More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75425-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Ureteroscopic Resection of Ureterai Neoplasms." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 172A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 172A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Culley C. Carson More articles by this author Robert A. Bertram More articles by this author Rudy T. Andriani More articles by this author Michael W. Brown More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunotherapeutic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer using ETBX-011. (2014)

3093 Background: Cell mediated immune (CMI) induction has become a prominent component of potential immunotherapy of cancer. We have reported on a Phase 1/2 single agent clinical trial of the immunotherapeutic ETBX-011 for the treatment of mCRC. We now report on long-tem immunity to CEA and survival data to provide further insight into the responses following treatment with ETBX-011. Methods: Cohorts of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, refractory to prior therapies, received escalating doses from 109 to 5x1011VP of ETBX-011 (Ad5 [E1-, E2B-]-CEA(6D)) subcutaneously every 3 weeks for 3 immunizations. The induction of CEA-specific cell mediated immunity was measured by ELISPOT and overall survival was determined. Also, in a subset of the ETBX-011 treated mCRC patients the number of T-regs as the percent of CD4 cells and the ratio of T-effector cells to Tregs was determined. Results: ETBX-011 was found to be well-tolerated at all doses and there were no drop outs due to treatment. Specific anti-CEA immune responses were observed in the majority of patients and median overall-survival was 11 months. We now report on long term follow-up of the patients. Forty-four percent (48%) of patients still survived at 12 month follow-up and 28% at 18 months following treatments. One patients who developed significant CEA specific cellular immune response also showed a decrease in the Treg:T-effector ratio on follow-up and still survived at 2 years post treatment. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that mCRC patients treated with ETBX-011 immunotherapeutic is safe and can be easily administered to patients. ETBX-011 treatment generated significant CMI induction to the tolerated tumor associated antigen CEA and may experience increased overall survival. A single agent randomized, multicenter Phase 2b trial is being initiated to further evaluate the clinical effectiveness. Clinical trial information: NCT01147965.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Preferential Attention to Biological Motion in 2- to 24-Month-Old Infants (2018)

Preferential attention to biological motion is an early-emerging mechanism of adaptive action that plays a critical role in social development. The present study provides a comprehensive longitudinal mapping of developmental change in preferential attention to biological motion in 116 infants at 7 longitudinal time points. Tested repeatedly from 2 until 24 months of age, results reveal that preferential attention to biological motion changes considerably during the first months of life. Previously reported preferences in both neonates and older infants are absent in the second month but do reemerge by month 3 and become increasingly pronounced during the subsequent two years. These results highlight the second month of life as a potentially critical transition period in social visual engagement.
Correction: Nucleolin represses transcription of the androgen receptor gene through a G-quadruplex (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27589.].
Artificial Feeding of Ornithodoros concanensis (Acari: Argasidae) Nymphs on Bovine Blood and Morphological Changes in Erythrocytes Undergoing Hemolysis in the Tick Midgut (1991)

The morphology of bovine erythrocytes undergoing hemolysis in the midgut of the argasid tick Ornithodoros concanensis Cooley & Kohls was examined after feeding nymphal ticks artificially on parafilm and latex membranes. Percentage of successful feeding was significantly higher on parafilm (63%) than on latex (43%) membrane. However, there was no difference in the amount of blood taken per tick. Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the morphological changes of red blood cells in the tick gut during an 80-h postfeeding period. Erythrocytes converted from normal discocytes to spiculated cells (echinocyte stage III) within 20 h. During the development of spicules (echinocytosis), erythrocytes lost membrane surface area by the release of microvesicles. At 30 h after feeding, the first spherocytes appeared and after 80 h, only smooth spheres of different sizes were present. Reasons for the observed modifications in red blood cell morphology are discussed.
Photonic fast packet switching at 700 Mb/s (1991)

There is currently much interest in packet switching as a flexible means of transferring digital information across optical fiber networks. Selfrouting of optical data1 and photonic packet switching2,3 have several advantages over electronic switching. In this paper we demonstrate a simple photonic packet switch that detects the address header of an optical packet and uses this information to electrically set the output of a LiNbO3 electro-optic switch that routes the packet. We show that by simply increasing the data rate of the packet information payload relative to that of the packet address header, we can greatly increase the effective data rate of the packet while keeping the switching electronics unchanged. Because the address header is small compared to the payload, the most efficient form of information transfer may involve fixing the data rate of the header at a standard rate, determined by the address decoding electronics, and using an adjustable-bit-rate payload.
Software Defined Networking for Communication and Control of Cyber-Physical Systems (2015)

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) combine human-machine interaction, the physical world around us, and software aspects by integrating physical systems with communication networks. Opportunities and research challenges are largely interconnected with the three core sub-domains of CPS — computation, communication and control. The current state of the art of the legacy communication technology is one of the major hindrances limiting the evolution of CPS. Most specifically, innovation in communication is restricted with existing routing and switching technologies leaving no practical methods for researchers to test their new ideas. Software Defined Networking (SDN), through the realization of OpenFlow, separates network control logic from the underlying physical routers and switches. This phenomenon allows researchers to write high-level control programs specifying the behavior of the core networks used to implement CPS and thus, enable innovation in next generation communication architectures for CPS. In this paper, we propose a SDN architecture for industrial automation. Network design requirements are extracted from formal component specifications which support the generation of automatic network configurations. The proposed SDN architecture aims to leverage Industry 4.0 and Smart Factories, to bring together industrial automation installations with networking and Internet technologies.
Scheduling algorithms and systems (1999)

Traditional scheduling research focuses on problems with a single objective. However, in practice a schedule is often judged by more than one criterion. For instance, the interests of customers are usually not taken into account in low-cost production strategies. Managers often have to juggle schedules in order to satisfy customers without increasing cost. For this reason, problems with multiple objectives are becoming popular in scheduling research. 
In the thesis, we consider two single-machine scheduling problems with dual objective functions. The first problem is a classical double-objective problem. The objectives considered are maximum tardiness and the number of late jobs. We present a branch-and-bound algorithm for the problem with fixed maximum tardiness. We also suggest extensions of this algorithm in order to compute the complete trade-off curve of the two objectives. 
The second problem belongs to another relatively new direction in scheduling research, namely, scheduling with controllable processing times. Here, processing times of jobs are not fixed and can be compressed. We assume that this compression incurs a linear cost, which is included in the objective. The main objective is the number of late jobs. We prove that this problem is NP-hard, present a pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm, and also consider three special cases which are solvable in polynomial time. 
We also discuss applications of scheduling theory. We present a classification of scheduling systems, discuss the requirements for each class, and present examples. Special attention is paid to a module for designing custom algorithms. Such a module can be very useful in an educational scheduling system; however, it is not present in most existing systems. 
Last, we present an educational scheduling system called LEKIN. We designed LEKIN for teaching Scheduling and Operation Management courses. The system can be also used as a tool for algorithm design.
Fast algorithms for the continuous wavelet transform (1991)

It is shown that filter banks arise naturally when implementing the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The conditions under which the CWT can be computed exactly using discrete filter banks are determined, and fast CWT algorithms are derived. The complexity of the resulting algorithms increases linearly with the number of octaves. They are easily implemented by repetitive application of identical cells, to which various methods are applied for reducing the number of operations: FFT (fast Fourier transform) algorithms are most efficient for large filter lengths; for small lengths, fast running FIR (finite impulse response) algorithms are preferred.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dielectric relaxation and conductivity in ferroelectric perovskites (1996)

Abstract Ferroelectric ABO3 perovskites are usually well known for their high dielectric susceptibility. Under selected impurity substitutions their conductivity may be strongly increased. The interaction between electronic conductivity and lattice polarizability may take place over different length scales. At high temperatures (T > 300 K), this interaction length is macroscopic leading to space charges. At low temperatures (T < 50 K), the polaronic interaction is restricted to a few unit cells. In the special case of SrTiO3, these polaronic excitons are sensitive to the quantum fluctuations which lead to the new concept of quantum polarons.
Effect of Thirsting on the Biological Half-Life and Organ-Distribution of3H-Lysin Vasopressin (1980)

The biological half-life and organ-distribution of radiochemically pure, biologically active 3H-lysin vasopressin were determined in normally hydrated and in thirsting rats. Three-day thirsting did not vary the biological half-life of the 3H-LVP. The highest 3H-LVP uptake was observed in the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis of the normally hydrated rats. As a result of thirsting, the accumulation of labelled vasopressin was increased in the neurohypophysis. The results permit the conclusion that the uptake of vasopressin by the neurohypophysis of rat is enhanced at the time of exocytosis and microvesicle formation induced by dehydration.