gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective [3 + 2] Cyclopentanone Annulation Using a 3‐(Alkylthio)‐2‐siloxyallyl Cationic Species. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bilateralitat i Multilateralitat. La participació de la Generalitat en polítiques i organismes estatals, i la Comissió Bilateral (2011)

L’article te per objecte analitzar els mecanismes de participacio en politiques, organismes i processos de presa de decisio estatals i de la Comissio Bilateral Generalitat-Estat a partir de l’Estatut d’autonomia de Catalunya i de la Sentencia 31/2010. En primer lloc, es fa referencia al principi de bilateralitat i al seu encaix constitucional. En segon terme, s’analitza el contingut de la Sentencia sobre els mecanismes de col•laboracio i participacio previstos a l’Estatut d’autonomia de Catalunya, comencant per la participacio de la Generalitat en la designacio de membres d’organs constitucionals. A continuacio s’analitza la participacio de la Generalitat en politiques estatals (competencies i organismes economics i socials) i finalment s’analitza la participacio intergovernamental a traves de la Comissio Bilateral Generalitat-Estat. En els dos primers suposits, es destaca que la Sentencia imposa la idea que l’Estatut d’autonomia no pot establir mandats que limitin el legislador estatal en l’exercici de les seves funcions. Aquesta interpretacio i altres limitacions expressades a la Sentencia (com la impossibilitat de participar en organs de caracter decisori) desnaturalitzen la voluntat i l’eficacia de les disposicions estatutaries, que es converteixen en simples principis. Pel que fa a la Comissio Bilateral Generalitat-Estat com a mecanisme especific de participacio bilateral organica, s’exposen els seus antecedents i els pronunciaments de la Sentencia sobre aquesta Comissio, els quals, un cop mes, tot i tenir uns efectes limitats, en realitat debiliten la posicio de la Generalitat i la seva capacitat d’actuacio en aquest organ.
Scattering of hydrogen atoms from liquid-helium surfaces (1993)

We analyze in detail experiments in which we study the interaction of atomic hydrogen with liquid-helium surfaces. A theoretical background and a description of the experimental setup is given. A first experiment measured the transmission of hydrogen atoms through a capillary in the temperature interval of 145T526 mK for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ surfaces and 73T174 mK for $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ surfaces. To extract the thermally averaged sticking probability s we need a model relating the atomic sticking coefficient s(v) to the capillary transmission K. We analyze our data with a model based on a fixed s(v), resulting in s=0.33(3)T, and a model based on a speed-dependent s(v), resulting in s=0.65(6)T. The data show s to be linearly dependent on temperature. We do not observe any significant difference in s between $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ surfaces. In a second experiment we used a hemispherical liquid helium covered quartz mirror to focus a hydrogen atom beam. The resolution of our setup is about 10 mrad, which is sufficient to study direct near-elastic scattering, providing precision data for the sticking coefficient is available.
Increasing Cytosine Base Editing Scope and Efficiency With Engineered Cas9-PmCDA1 Fusions and the Modified sgRNA in Rice (2019)

Base editors that do not require double-stranded DNA cleavage or homology-directed repair enable higher efficiency and cleaner substitution of targeted single nucleotides in genomic DNA than conventional approaches. However, their broad applications are limited within the editing window of several base pairs from the canonical NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. In this study, we fused the D10A nickase of several <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Cas9 (SpCas9) variants with <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> cytidine deaminase 1 (PmCDA1) and uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) and developed two new effective PmCDA1-based cytosine base editors (pBEs), SpCas9 nickase (SpCas9n)-pBE and VQR nickase (VQRn)-pBE, which expanded the scope of genome targeting for cytosine-to-thymine (C-to-T) substitutions in rice. Four of six and 12 of 18 target sites selected randomly in SpCas9n-pBE and VQRn-pBE, respectively were base edited with frequencies of 4-90% in T<sub>0</sub> plants. The effective deaminase window typically spanned positions 1-7 within the protospacer and the single target C showed the maximum C-to-T frequency at or near position 3, counting the end distal to PAM as position 1. In addition, the modified single guide RNA (sgRNA) improved the base editing efficiencies of VQRn-pBE with 1.3- to 7.6-fold increases compared with the native sgRNA, and targets that could not be mutated using the native sgRNA were edited successfully using the modified sgRNA. These newly developed base editors can be used to realize C-to-T substitutions and may become powerful tools for both basic scientific research and crop breeding in rice.
Laser-induced holographic surface relief gratings on nonlinear optical polymer films (1995)

We report observation of holographic surface relief gratings with relatively large amplitude on a second order nonlinear optical polymeric material. Surface relief gratings on these polymer films were created upon exposure to polarized Ar+ laser beams at 488 nm without any subsequent processing steps. The surface structure of the relief gratings was investigated by atomic force microscopy. The depth of the surface relief in a typical case was 120 nm which is approximately 20% of the original film thickness. The diffraction efficiency of gold-coated gratings was investigated as a function of wavelength and capability of recording orthogonal gratings on the same film was demonstrated.
Study of melilite based glasses and glass-ceramics nucleated by Bi2O3 for functional applications (2012)

Bi2O3-nucleated melilite based glasses and glass-ceramics (GCs) in the system CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–La2O3 have been appraised for solid electrolyte sealing applications in high-temperature electrochemical devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen pumps . The structure of the glasses was assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 29Si and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy. The crystallization kinetics and sintering behaviour were investigated by differential thermal analysis and hot stage microscopy. All glass compositions exhibited single-stage shrinkage behaviour. X-ray diffraction (XRD), in conjunction with the Rietveld-RIR (reference intensity ratio) technique, was employed to quantify the crystalline and amorphous phases in GCs sintered under non-isothermal conditions for 1 h within the operating temperature range (850–900 °C). Merwinite and melilite (the solid solutions of akermanite and gehlenite) were revealed as the major crystalline phases formed in GCs. The amount of GC in the melilite phase increased significantly from 850 to 900 °C at the expense of merwinite. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE (200–700 °C)), 10.2–10.9 × 10−6 K−1 for the glasses and 9.8–11.2 × 10−6 K−1 for the GCs, are in good agreement with those typical for solid oxide electrolytes, such as 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), and metallic interconnects, such as Sanergy HT. Long term thermal stability studies demonstrate stable behaviour for the crystalline phase assemblage and chemical composition, CTE (200–700 °C) values of 9.9–11.7 × 10−6 K−1, and good adjoining performance with the metal and electrolyte. The well matched CTE values and good adhesion to the other components in both air and a reducing atmosphere allow us to propose further research into the parent compositions as stabilized zirconia sealants. Glasses demonstrating bulk nucleation may also attract interest for other functional applications in optical and electronic devices.
Eflapegrastim's enhancement of efficacy compared with pegfilgrastim in neutropenic rats supports potential for same-day dosing (2020)

Eflapegrastim (Rolontis) is a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with an IgG4 Fc fragment and short polyethylene glycol linker. Current G-CSF products are administered 24 hours after chemotherapy. The present study compares the duration of neutropenia (DN) with eflapegrastim or pegfilgrastim at 0, 2, 5, or 24 hours post chemotherapy. Eflapegrastim was evaluated by G-CSF receptor binding and bone marrow cell proliferation assays in vitro. Eflapegrastim-Fc component binding to Fcγ receptors C1q and FcRn was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutropenia was induced in rats via intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide or docetaxel/cyclophosphamide. Rats received chemotherapy followed by vehicle, pegfilgrastim, or eflapegrastim at 2, 5, or 24 hours. The difference in DN after treatment was assessed. In vitro binding to G-CSF receptor of both agents was similar. Binding to FcRn and no binding to Fcγ receptors or C1q were observed with eflapegrastim. Studies in chemotherapy-induced neutropenic rats revealed shorter DN with eflapegrastim versus pegfilgrastim. Increased levels of G-CSF in serum and marrow were observed in groups treated with eflapegrastim versus those treated with pegfilgrastim. Although eflapegrastim and pegfilgrastim have similar in vitro binding affinity, the Fc fragment in eflapegrastim increases the uptake into bone marrow, resulting in increased therapeutic potential for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Eflapegrastim's greater marrow resident time provided a pharmacodynamic advantage over pegfilgrastim, translating into shortened duration of neutropenia. Our findings support eflapegrastim same-day administration with chemotherapy, warranting further evaluation in patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Self-Assembly Mechanism of Folate-Templated Mesoporous Silica (2013)

A method to form ordered mesoporous silica based on the use of folate supramolecular templates has been developed. Evidence based on in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and in situ conductivity measurements are used to investigate the organic-inorganic interactions and synthesis mechanism. The behavior of folate molecules in solution differs distinctively from that of surfactants commonly used for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silica phases, notably with the absence of a critical micellar concentration. In situ SAXS studies reveal fluctuations in X-ray scattering intensities consistent with the condensation of the silica precursor surrounding the folate template and the growth of the silica mesostructure in the initial stages. High-angle X-ray diffraction shows that the folate template is well-ordered within the pores even after a few minutes of synthesis. Direct structural data for the self-assembly of folates into chiral tetramers within the pores of mesoporous silica provide evidence for the in register stacking of folate tetramers, resulting in a chiral surface of rotated tetramers, with a rotation angle of 30°. Additionally, the self-assembled folates within pores were capable of adsorbing a considerable amount of CO2 gas through the cavity space of the tetramers. The study demonstrates the validity of using a naturally occurring template to produce relevant and functional mesoporous materials.
Supplementary Data from HYD1-induced increase in reactive oxygen species leads to autophagy and necrotic cell death in multiple myeloma cells (2023)

Supplementary Data from HYD1-induced increase in reactive oxygen species leads to autophagy and necrotic cell death in multiple myeloma cells
Construction of three-qubit biseparable states distinguishing kinds of entanglement in a partial separability classification (2019)

We construct seven kinds of three-qubit biseparable states to show that every class of biseparable states in the partial separability classification proposed by Szalay and K\"ok\'enyesi [S. Szalay and Z. K\"ok\'enyesi, Phys. Rev. A 86, 032341 (2012)] is nonempty.
Binding properties of mono- and dimeric pyridine dicarboxamide ligands to human telomeric higher-order G-quadruplex structures (2018)

Here, we report on the in vitro binding properties of the known pyridine dicarboxamide G-quadruplex ligand 360A and a new dimeric analogue (360A)2A to human telomeric DNA higher-order G-quadruplex (G4) structures. This study points to original binding features never reported for G4 ligands, and reveals a greater efficiency for the dimeric ligand to displace RPA (a ssDNA binding protein involved in telomere replication) from telomeric DNA.
Aqueous high-temperature chemistry of carbo- and heterocycles. 11. Aquathermolysis of arylamines in the presence and absence of sodium bisulfite (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous high-temperature chemistry of carbo- and heterocycles. 11. Aquathermolysis of arylamines in the presence and absence of sodium bisulfiteAlan R. Katritzky, Ramiah Murugan, Michael Siskin, and Marudai BalasubramanianCite this: Energy Fuels 1990, 4, 5, 547–555Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00023a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00023a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views432Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exosomes and HIV Gag bud from endosome-like domains of the T cell plasma membrane (2006)

Exosomes are secreted, single membrane organelles of approximately 100 nm diameter. Their biogenesis is typically thought to occur in a two-step process involving (1) outward vesicle budding at limiting membranes of endosomes (outward = away from the cytoplasm), which generates intralumenal vesicles, followed by (2) endosome-plasma membrane fusion, which releases these internal vesicles into the extracellular milieu as exosomes. In this study, we present evidence that certain cells, including Jurkat T cells, possess discrete domains of plasma membrane that are enriched for exosomal and endosomal proteins, retain the endosomal property of outward vesicle budding, and serve as sites of immediate exosome biogenesis. It has been hypothesized that retroviruses utilize the exosome biogenesis pathway for the formation of infectious particles. In support of this, we find that Jurkat T cells direct the key budding factor of HIV, HIV Gag, to these endosome-like domains of plasma membrane and secrete HIV Gag from the cell in exosomes.
An Under Voltage Load Shedding Scheme Based on a Short Term Voltage Instability Detection Method (2018)

Faster detection of faults, can lead to better and more efficient control of power system against cascading failures triggered by the faults. This article presents a novel detection algorithm using statistical methods for the detection of events that lead to FIDVR. Furthermore we show that the algorithm is computationally efficient and quick enough to provide the control inputs to an UVLS scheme using in-feed PMU data. Thus, it is ensured that the minimal level of load to be shed is determined on-the-fly as the event develops.
Silicon containing polymer in applications for 193 nm high NA lithography processes (2006)

The ability to extend 193 nm lithography resolution depends on increasing the numerical aperture (NA) of the exposure system, resulting in smaller depth of focus, which subsequently requires use of thinner photoresists. Bottom antireflective coatings (BARCs) are a necessity, but the organic composition of current 193 nm BARCs offers poor etch selectivity to the photoresist. As a result, image transfer with thin resists is becoming increasingly difficult. It is also more challenging to control reflectivity at high numerical apertures with a thin, single layer BARC. To address these issues, IBM has developed a new class of silicon containing BARCs. These materials exhibit high etch selectivity that will significantly improve the performance of high NA 193 nm lithography. The incorporation of silicon in the backbone of the polymers comprising these BARCS affords a high etch selectivity to conventional organic resists and therefore these polymers can be used as thick planarizing BARCs. The optical constants of these BARCs have been tuned to provide good reflectivity control at NA > 1.2 These materials can also be used as part of a dual layer BARC scheme composed of the thin organosilicon based BARC coated over a planarizing organic underlayer. This scheme has also been optically tuned to provide reflectivity suppression at high incident angles. By utilizing a thick BARC, a novel contact hole shrink process is enabled that allows tapering of the sidewall angle and controlling the post-etch critical dimension (CD) bias. Structures of the silicon containing polymer, formulation chemistry, optical tunability, lithography at high NA and RIE pattern transfer are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Isocarbacyclins (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hip Ultrasound (2007)

Sonography has been widely utilized for several decades in the diagnosis and follow-up of developmental dysplasia of the hip due to its ability to visualize the nonossified femoral head and portions of the acetabulum in neonates, dynamic capabilities, accuracy, and lack of nonionizing radiation. Furthermore, hip sonography is also used throughout parts of the world to diagnose and guide intervention for both children and adults. The hip joint, tendons, and periarticular structures can be delineated with sonography in a variety of congenital, developmental, infectious, inflammatory, arthritic, traumatic, and neoplastic disorders. The following discussion focuses on the sonographic technique and imaging characteristics of congenital and developmental anomalies of the hip in children, as well as the sonographic evaluation of the hip joint and tendons.
Robotic-Assisted Internal Fixation of Femoral Fractures (1995)

Closed surgical techniques for the internal fixation of femoral fractures require orthopaedic surgeons to work in close proximity to X-rays. In addition to the occupational health risk this imposes, inexperienced surgeons often encounter great difficulty in achieving optimal positioning of fracture repair fixtures. A vision-guided robotic system has been proposed as a possible solution to these problems and an initial investigation involving two exemplar orthopaedic procedures has been undertaken. Robotic surgery assistance imposes rigorous safety-related design constraints, since the orthopaedic robot must operate in close proximity to the patient and operating staff. The design and implementation of a purpose-built robotic system for orthopaedic surgery assistance is described in this paper.
Neural crest-derived stem cells (2010)

The neural crest is a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that gives rise to most of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and to several non-neural cell types, including smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system, pigment cells in the skin, and craniofacial bones, cartilage, and connective tissue. Although neural crest cells undergo developmental restrictions with time, at least some neural crest cells have the capacity to self-renew and display a developmental potential almost only topped by embryonic stem (ES) cells. Intriguingly, such neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are not only present in the embryonic neural crest, but also in various neural crest-derived tissues in the fetal and even adult organism. These postmigratory NCSCs functionally resemble their embryonic counterparts in their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Because of their broad potential, the possibility to isolate NCSCs from easily accessible tissue, and the recent accomplishment to generate NCSC-like cells from human ES and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, NCSCs have become an ideal model system to study stem cell biology in development and disease. Despite exciting achievements in the field, several pressing issues remain to be addressed, however, such as the mechanisms regulating expansion and fate decisions in NCSCs from different sources and the still unknown physiological roles of NCSCs in the adult organism.
Detecting breakdowns in local coherence in the writing of Chinese English learners (2012)

Abstract This paper introduces CTutor , an automated writing evaluation (AWE) tool for detecting breakdowns in local coherence and reports on a study that applies it to the writing of Chinese L2 English learners. The program is based on Centering theory (CT), a theory of local coherence and salience. The principles of CT are first introduced and then the design and function of CTutor are described. The effectiveness and reliability of the program was evaluated in a study that compared performance by CTutor and two human raters on the analysis of local incoherence and provision of revision on learner essays. Intermediate Chinese English as a foreign language learners ( n = 52) were divided into two groups: one receiving CTutor feedback and the other receiving feedback from human raters. Learners in both groups completed three essays; each of which involved the submission of a first draft, revision with feedback on local coherence quality and re‐submission. Our results from the comparison between CTutor and human experts showed that this software tool is able to detect local coherence breakdowns with moderate accuracy ( F 1 ‐measure is around 0.4). There was also little difference between participants' responses to CTutor feedback and human feedback in terms of revision behaviour, with both feedback modes resulting in similar revision pattern. Potential use of the program in instructional settings is discussed.
Frequency-Specific Audiometry Using Steady-State Responses (1996)

Steady-state responses to tone amplitude-modulated at 75 to 110 Hz can be used for frequency-specific objective audiometry. The multiple-stimulus technique allows thresholds to be estimated for eight different stimuli at the same time.