gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase C-associated Kinase (PKK), a Novel Membrane-associated, Ankyrin Repeat-containing Protein Kinase (2001)

A novel murine membrane-associated protein kinase, PKK (protein kinase C-associated kinase), was cloned on the basis of its physical association with protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta). The regulated expression of PKK in mouse embryos is consistent with a role for this kinase in early embryogenesis. The human homolog of PKK has over 90% identity to its murine counterpart, has been localized to chromosome 21q22.3, and is identical to the PKCdelta-interacting kinase, DIK (Bahr, C., Rohwer, A., Stempka, L., Rincke, G., Marks, F., and Gschwendt, M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 36350-36357). PKK comprises an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal region containing 11 ankyrin repeats. PKK exhibits protein kinase activity in vitro and associates with cellular membranes. PKK exists in three discernible forms at steady state: an underphosphorylated form of 100 kDa; a soluble, cytosolic, phosphorylated form of 110 kDa; and a phosphorylated, detergent-insoluble form of 112 kDa. PKK is initially synthesized as an underphosphorylated soluble 100-kDa protein that is quantitatively converted to a detergent-soluble 110-kDa form. This conversion requires an active catalytic domain. Although PKK physically associates with PKCbeta, it does not phosphorylate this PKC isoform. However, PKK itself may be phosphorylated by PKCbeta. PKK represents a developmentally regulated protein kinase that can associate with membranes. The functional significance of its association with PKCbeta remains to be ascertained.
Role of adenosine in intraocular pressure (2004)

近年，眼圧調節因子の一つとしてアデノシンが注目されており，また，ヒト眼房水中のアデノシン濃度と眼圧との関係からその緑内障との関わりも注目されている．本稿ではアデノシン受容体の眼圧調節における役割と2位置換基を有する2-アルキニルアデノシン誘導体（2-AAs）の新規緑内障治療薬としての可能性について紹介する．2-AAsは，その殆どがアデノシンA2受容体に高親和性を有する化合物であり，正常眼圧ウサギへの点眼により眼圧下降のみを示す化合物が幾つか見出され，それらは飲水負荷モデル又はα-キモトリプシン誘発高眼圧モデルにおいても顕著な眼圧下降を呈した．その作用はアデノシンA2受容体作動薬とされているCGS-21680よりも強力であった．眼圧下降のみを示す2-AAsの中で，2-(1-オクチン-1-イル)アルキニル誘導体による眼圧下降はアデノシンA1受容体拮抗薬の8-シクロフェニル-1,3-ジメチルキサンチンによって影響を受けなかったが，アデノシンA2受容体拮抗薬である3,7-ジメチル-1-プロパルギルキサンチンによって顕著に抑制された．さらに，トノグラフィを用いた検討より，ウサギにおける2-AAsによる眼圧下降作用は房水流出の増加がその機序の一部と考えられた．以上，2-AAsは，アデノシンA2受容体の活性化により眼圧下降を示し，その機序として房水流出の増加が示唆された．また，2-AAsによる眼圧変化は更なる機序解明が必要であるものの，今回の知見より，幾つかの2-AAsが緑内障治療薬の候補として有用であると考えられる．
Deep salt-cavern abandonment (2017)

When a salt cavern is sealed and abandoned, its pressure slowly changes due to various mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical effects. These effects are described in this paper. Several of them can be predicted accurately. It is suggested that an abandonment test be performed before sealing a cavern in order to assess each effect separately, a prerequisite for credible long-term prediction.
Denitrifiers in sediments of the Weser Estuary and the German Bight: Densities of nitrate-dissimilating and nitrite-dissimilating bacteria (1979)

At 24 stations in the Weser Estuary and the German Bight the Most Probable Numbers (MPN / g drywt.sediment) of nitrate-dissimilating ( = denitrifying) and of nitrate plus nitrite-dissimilating bacteria were recorded.The numbers of nitrite-dissimilating bacteria, i. e. denitrifiers not capable of reducing nitrate to nitrite, were calculated by subtraction of the MPN for nitrate-dissimilating from the MPN of nitrate plus nitrite-dissimilating bacteria.By determining the percentages of these bacteria in relation to the num ber of the heterotrophs, the ecological importance of denitrification, especially the nitrite dissimilation, was estimated.The results showed the MPN of nitrate-dissimilating bacteria to be in the range of 0-156 (up to 0.8 % of heterotrophic bacteria).An exception was the sediment of one station with a MPN of 1849, or 5.2 % of the heterotrophs, :rhe amounts of nitrite-dissimilating bacteria were between 0 and 2352 (up to 13 % of heterotrophic bacteria).In the estuary the numbers of nitrate-dissimilating and of nitrite-dissimilating bacteria showed a decreasing tendency with distance from Bremerhaven.The highest numbers were found in the Weser off Bremerhaven and also at 3 stations in the German Bight, south of the Isle of Helgoland.
A rapid screening test for detection of IgA deficiency (1991)

A solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assay has been developed to screen blood donors for IgA deficiency, and 6117 donor sera have been screened by this method. Eighteen sera were found to be IgA deficient, which represents a frequency of 1 in 340. Seventeen of these sera were retested by passive hemagglutination inhibition, which has a sensitivity of approximately 0.1 mg per dL. Eight sera were confirmed as IgA deficient, and nine were found to contain low levels of IgA (less than 1 mg/dL). The approximate sensitivity of the SPRCA assay is 1 mg per dL. The speed, simplicity, and sensitivity of this assay make it a good alternative to conventional methods of screening.
Kinetic Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose in an Open, Inhibition-Free System (2021)

Due to the complexity of cellulases and the requirement of enzyme adsorption on cellulose prior to reactions, it is difficult to evaluate their reaction with a general mechanistic scheme. Nevertheless, it is of great interest to come up with an approximate analytic description of a valid model for the purpose of developing an intuitive understanding of these complex enzyme systems. Herein, we used the surface plasmonic resonance method to monitor the action of a cellobiohydrolase by itself, as well as its mixture with a synergetic endoglucanase, on the surface of a regenerated model cellulose film, under continuous flow conditions. We found a phenomenological approach by taking advantage of the long steady state of cellulose hydrolysis in the open, inhibition-free system. This provided a direct and reliable way to analyze the adsorption and reaction processes with a minimum number of fitting parameters. We investigated a generalized Langmuir-Michaelis-Menten model to describe a full set of kinetic results across a range of enzyme concentrations, compositions, and temperatures. The overall form of the equations describing the pseudo-steady-state kinetics of the flow-system shares some interesting similarities with the Michaelis-Menten equation. The use of familiar Michaelis-Menten parameters in the analysis provides a unifying framework to study cellulase kinetics. The strategy may provide a shortcut for approaching a quantitative while intuitive understanding of enzymatic degradation of cellulose from top to bottom. The open system approach and the kinetic analysis should be applicable to a variety of cellulases and reaction systems to accelerate the progress in the field.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES. PART 2. APPLICATION OF THE MERRIFIELD METHOD TO THE SYNTHESIS OF TUBERCULOSTATIC 2‐HYDROXYACYL HEPTAPEPTIDES (1978)

Abstract Die neun Hydroxyacylheptapeptide (I), (II) und (III) werden erhalten durch Aminolyse der N‐Hydroxysuccinimidester der entsprechenden Hydroxycarbonsäuren mit den nach der Merrifield‐Methode synthetisierten Heptapeptiden.
Long term results after low dose ocular irradiation for choroidal haemangiomas (1997)

External beam irradiation is a useful and a low invasive therapeutic option for CH. A successful functional outcome is dependent on the time delay between first onset of symptoms and the beginning of therapy, the formation of subretinal fibrosis, and also on secondary glaucoma in the case of Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Improved noninvasive determination of blood pressure by oscillometry in the presence of motion artifacts (2010)

Blood pressure measurements provide information regarding the status of the cardiovascular system to aid in diagnosing pathological conditions, maintaining patient stability during surgery, and adapting tourniquet pressures. However, the performance of commercially available techniques of measuring blood pressure is often degraded during clinical measurements in the presence of motion artifacts. A prototype system based on oscillometry that uses algorithms which take advantage of a multi-bladder cuff has the potential to improve measurements of blood pressure in noisy environments by detecting noise and rapidly estimating blood pressure using only data uncorrupted by noise. This system and strategy, implemented in one version to track limb occlusion pressure (the minimum cuff pressure required to occlude underlying arteries), was evaluated along with a typical commercial, JLV available oscillometric blood pressure monitor to compare their ability to track limb occlusion pressure in the presence of varying noise conditions encountered during lab trials and clinical trials. Results showed that the prototype consistently estimated limb occlusion pressure more rapidly, more accurately, and more reliably than the oscillometric monitor in noise conditions typical of surgical procedures. The results also indicate that the prototype is feasible for incorporation into an adaptive tourniquet.
Recent Advances in Post-Quantum Cryptography for Networks: A Survey (2022)

The development of quantum computers poses a new security threat to network infrastructures and services, as they will be powerful enough to break the most common forms of digital encryption. Existing encryption services based on Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Diffie-Hellman (DH), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and so on are vulnerable to attacks by quantum computers. Although the gap between today’s quantum computers and the threats they pose to current public-key cryptography is large, the telecommunications landscape should begin planning for the transition to the post-quantum era as early as possible. In this paper, we examine recent advances in Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms from the perspective of the networking and telecommunications industries. The efforts are categorized at three levels, namely communication, computation (consisting of design, implementation and Public Key System (PKS)), and network. Some of the existing challenges and future recommendations for securing communication networks in the post-quantum era are also listed at the end of the paper.
Enzymatic conversion of aclacinomycin a to Y by a specific oxidoreductase in Streptomyces. (1979)

A specific oxidoreductase converting aclacinomycin A to a new analog, aclacinomycin Y, was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture filtrate of aclacinomycin-producing microorganisms. The isolated enzyme was a weakly acidic protein (isoelectric point, 5.9) with a molecular weight of about 72,000. The enzymatic reaction requires molecular oxygen and has a pH optimum at 5.5. The enzyme catalyzed an oxidation of the terminal sugar, L-cinerulose, of the trisaccharide moiety of aclacinomycin A to L-aculose (2,3,6-trideoxyhex-2-enopyranos-4-ulose) with removal of two electrons. Studies of substrate specificity revealed that the enzyme is an oxidoreductase capable of modifying anthracyclic triglycosides by oxidizing their terminal sugars.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW CLASS OF NITROSOUREAS. III. SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF 3,3‐DISUBSTITUTED‐1‐(2‐CHLOROETHYL)‐1‐NITROSOUREAS HAVING AN ARABINOPYRANOSYL, XYLOPYRANOSYL OR RIBOPYRANOSYL MOIETY (1982)

Abstract L‐Arabinose, D‐Arabinose, D‐Xylose, D‐Ribose und 2‐Desoxy‐D‐ribose werden mit primären Aminen (II) zu N‐substituierten Glycosylaminen (III) umgesetzt und mit β‐Chlorethylisocyanat (IV) zu den Harnstoffen (V) kondensiert.
Mutual coupling in finite‐length thin wire chirostrip antennas (1993)

Abstract Here, we theoretically analyze the mutual coupling between two finite‐length thin wire chirostrip antennas. These antennas are defined as thin wires printed on grounded substrate made of chiral materials which exhibit electromagnetic handedness. Chiral materials are circular polarization (CP) birefringent and are described by the constitutive relations ε and ε with ε c μ c , and ε as material parameters. Mutual coupling for broadside, collinear, and echelon configurations for these antennas is investigated, and it is shown that introducing chirality in the substrate can, under certain circumstances, modify the mutual coupling between the chirostrip antennas. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Accelerated Wear Testing of the Effects of Biodiesel on Piston Ring to Cylinder Wall Wear (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will review the development and results of an accelerated test established to study the engine wear observed in some engines fueled with Biodiesel Fuel (BDF). BDF is a clean burning alternative fuel that can be produced from domestic renewable resources. Its basic composition is of multiple Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;). These fatty acid methyl esters are an excellent source of energy but have different physical properties as compared to petroleum based diesel fuel. The differences in physical properties can lead to increased dilution of BDF in the engine oil. Petroleum based diesel fuel (PDF) has increased volatility when compared to BDF, which allows the fuel to evaporate from the engine oil through the crankcase ventilation system. The lower volatility of BDF results in a lower evaporation rate and thus comparatively higher levels of BDF dilution in the oil. This higher dilution level alters the oil's viscosity and interacts with the oil's additives. This paper describes the development of a reciprocating test rig that would replicate the operating conditions of a diesel engine by simulating piston rings against cylinder liner wear. The main objective of the rig is to perform accelerated wear tests at elevated temperatures with different dilution levels of B100 BDF in engine oil (petroleum based). The wear results, wear mechanisms, and the quantification of surface failure from the testing method are reviewed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Development of a Sampler for Total Aerosol Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract (2009)

Studies that seek to associate reduced human health with exposure to occupational and environmental aerosols are often hampered by limitations in the exposure assessment process. One limitation involves the measured exposure metric itself. Current methods for personal exposure assessment are designed to estimate the aspiration of aerosol into the human body. Since a large proportion of inhaled aerosol is subsequently exhaled, a portion of the aspirated aerosol will not contribute to the dose. This leads to variable exposure misclassification (for heterogenous exposures) and increased uncertainty in health effect associations. Alternatively, a metric for respiratory deposition would provide a more physiologically relevant estimate of risk. To address this challenge, we have developed a method to estimate the deposition of aerosol in the human respiratory tract using a sampler engineered from polyurethane foam. Using a semi-empirical model based on inertial, gravitational, and diffusional particle deposition, a foam was engineered to mimic aerosol total deposition in the human respiratory tract. The sampler is comprised of commercially available foam with fiber diameter 5 49.5 mm (equivalent to industry standard 100 PPI foam) of 8 cm thickness operating at a face velocity of 1.3 m s 21 . Additionally, the foam sampler yields a relatively low-pressure drop, independent of aerosol loading, providing uniform particle collection efficiency over time.
Generating Animation from Natural Language Texts and Framework of Motion Database (2009)

This paper presents an animation system that generates an animation from natural language texts such as movie scripts or stories. We also propose the framework of a motion database that stores many motion clips for various characters. When an input text is given, the system searches for an appropriate motion clip from the database for each verb in the input text. Temporal constraints between verbs are also extracted from the input text. The searched motion clips are scheduled based on these temporal constraints. In addition, when necessary, some automatic motions such as locomotion, taking an instrument, changing posture, and cooperative motions are searched from the database. An animation is then generated using an external motion synthesis system. Using our system, users can make use of existing motion clips. Moreover, because it takes natural language text as input, even novice users can use our system.
The Hippocampal System and Declarative Memory in Animals (1992)

Abstract Theoretical arguments and empirical data are presented in favor of the hypothesis that the hippocampal system supports a declarative memory capacity in animals as well as humans. This view is advanced by identifying two prominent characteristics of human declarative memory and by operationalizing and evaluating them using both experimental lesion and single unit recording studies on animals. First, hippocampal processing is not selective to any particular category of learning materials; instead, it supports comparisons among all kinds of information in memory, resulting in a representation of critical relations between items. Conversely, individual representations are supported outside the hippocampal system. Second, hippocampal-dependent, relational memory representations involve a flexible organization that permits inferences from memory in novel situations. Conversely, hippocampal-independent individual representations can support only repetition of procedures acquired during original learning. Correspondences between the neuropsychological and neurophysiological findings presented serve to indicate how these properties of hippocampal representation support declarative memory across behavioral paradigms and across species.
Marked increase of interferon-β after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination: a case of polyarthritis with pleurisy (2022)

Exacerbation of rheumatic disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is being reported. However, there are only a few cases of new-onset rheumatic diseases. We present two cases of new-onset persistent polyarthritis that developed in patients after receiving the mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. One patient had bilateral pleural effusions with markedly elevated serum interferon (IFN)-β, while the other had no effusion, with serum IFN-β comparable with that in healthy subjects. Other cytokines were unaltered in association with effusion. Both patients responded well to treatment with 20 mg prednisolone. Although more investigations are needed, the marked increase in serum IFN-β levels observed in the case with pleural effusion may reflect an excessive response from the innate immune system to mRNA vaccines.
Tunneling through photonic bandgaps: A reexamination of superluminal group velocities (2006)

It is widely believed that photons tunnel through bandgaps with group velocities exceeding c. Here we examine the experimental evidence and show that the measured group delays are photon lifetimes as opposed to transit times.
The terminator, an apparatus for simultaneous homogenization of 96 small seeds individually (1992)

An apparatus was developed to homogenize 96 individual seeds of tomato, pepper, cabbages, and other seeds of similar size in a 96-well tissue culture plate in 45 s. The apparatus, named the terminator, consists of two parts: a base plate that can hold the 96-well tissue culture plate, and a vibrating part that is attached to a variable transformer. The seeds are homogenized by the vibrating action of 96 small homogenizers that are attached to the vibrating part and that fit perfectly into the wells of the tissue culture plate. The seed homogenates made in this way can be used for electrophoretic analysis of genetic variations of seed proteins.
Biological phenotypes associated with individuals at high risk for developing alcohol‐related disorders. Part 2 (2000)

This paper reviews comparisons of populations at higher and lower risk for alcoholism on biological phenotypes. The results of studies must be considered in the context of the research methods used including the need for large, carefully defined samples and longitudinal designs. Comparisons of children of alcoholics and controls have revealed potentially important differences on level of response to alcohol, cognitive attributes and differences in alcohol-metabolizing and other enzyme systems responsible for various aspects of the body's reaction to alcohol. Many opportunities for future research in this area exist, including large-scale, longitudinal studies that simultaneously evaluate multiple domains of influence, and searches for candidate genes or other biological material that will simplify procedures and increase the accuracy of measurement.
Identification and SSR mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene in wheat line ICA56. (2009)

A wheat line,PI31,carried a novel single dominant candidate gene conferring high resistance to stripe rust isolates CYR30,CYR31 and CYR32.By using allelic test and pedigree analysis,it was found that the resistance gene in PI31 derived from Syria common wheat line Xu18 and was different from Yr5,Yr10 and Yr15.This novel candidate gene was designated as Yr-XU.A SSR maker,WMS11-193 bp,on the 1BS was associated with Yr-XU.The genetic distance between Yr-XU and WMS11-193 bp was about 2.1 cM.Therefore,WMS11 could be used as molecular marker assisted selection for Yr-XU and for pyramiding with other stripe rust resistance genes in wheat breeding program.
Fate of triclocarban during soil aquifer treatment: soil column studies (2010)

There are current concerns about the presence of persistent chemicals in recharge water used in soil aquifer treatment systems. Triclocarban (TCC) has been reported as a persistent, high production volume chemical with the potential to bioaccumulate in the environment. It is also known to have adverse effects such as toxicity and suspected endocrine disruption. This study was carried out to study the fate of TCC in soil aquifer treatment (SAT) through laboratory simulations in a soil column. The system performance was evaluated with regards to TCC influent concentration, sand (column) depth, and residence time. Results obtained confirmed the ability of SAT to reduce TCC concentrations in wastewater. Sorption and biodegradation were responsible for TCC removal, the latter mechanism however being unsustainable. The removal efficiency was found to be dependent on concentration and decreased over time and increased with column depth. Within the duration of the experimental run, TCC negatively impacted on treatment performance through a reduction in COD removals observed in the column.
Aged garlic extract modulates glutathione redox cycle and superoxide dismutase activity in vascular endothelial cells (1997)

In this study the effect of an aged garlic extract (AGE) on glutathione (GSH) redox cycle and activity of antioxidant enzymes was investigated. Confluent monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) were incubated with varying concentrations of AGE for 8–48 h, washed, and then lysed with Triton X-100. Biochemical assays were performed with the lysate. AGE caused both dose- and time-dependent increases in intracellular GSH level, glutathione disulphide (GSSG) reductase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity while GSSG level was decreased. These results suggest that the antioxidant effect of AGE may be due to its modulation of the GSH redox cycle and SOD activity in vascular endothelial cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.