gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Pressure Depletion and Water Flooding Influencing Hydraulic Fracture Orientation in Low-Permeability Oilfields (2009)

Abstract Hydraulic fracture azimuthal orientation depends on stress distribution in the formation and is considered to coincide with the maximal horizontal stress azimuth. Knowledge of the hydraulic fracture orientation is of critical importance in field development planning, including well spacing and pattern, the location of water injectors that will lead to a desired line drive mechanism, optimized reservoir drainage, and maximized recovery factor. This information is not less critical for infill drilling, fracturing "old" wells, refracturing, fracturing of sidetracks, and the knowledge of hydraulic fracture orientation of the water injector wells that are fractured by the mere injection process. It is also known that refracturing and pore pressure re-distribution will reorient the stress field not only in the near wellbore area but also in the far field. Theoretical modeling and field experience suggest that hydraulic fractures do reorient under the influence of pore pressure changes because of reservoir fluid production and water injection. Field sector formation pressure distribution makes the fracture offset from maximal stress direction towards injection wells and this effect of local stress reorientation is more likely to occur in low permeable formations with low diffusivity and low horizontal stress anisotropy. A number of complex fracture geometry orientation investigations were performed on low permeability formations in Siberia to understand the phenomenon. This included acoustic measurements and micro-seismic monitoring. Though the main purpose was to optimize fracture geometry by comparing measured and modeled fracture parameters, the importance of fracture orientation for reservoir development was even more significant. The results undeniably indicate that a significant deviation of the field sector fracture azimuth from the maximal regional stress direction exists. It was discovered that the degree of deviation from the regional preferred fracture azimuth is affected by water injection and reservoir fluid production in the sector of the monitored well. Observations regarding the effect of fracture wing length asymmetry may also be explained by the disturbance of initial stress conditions. The results of this investigation will be used to further optimize hydraulic fracture design, reservoir pressure maintenance, including well spacing and well pattern, and water flooding strategies.
Recurrent involvement of chromosomal region 6q21 in heterotaxy (2001)

We present a patient with heterotaxy and a de novo, apparently balanced reciprocal translocation with breakpoints at 6q21 and 20p13. Another patient with heterotaxy was previously reported with a de novo balanced translocation involving chromosome band 6q21. The breakpoints in both patients on 6q21 were found to be located in the same chromosomal region spanning maximally 2 Mb. We speculate that the two breakpoints lead to the disruption of the function of a single gene, either directly or through long distance effects. Alternatively, the present observation suggests additional heterogeneity in heterotaxy in humans.
High-dose intravenous iron reduces myocardial infarction in patients on haemodialysis (2021)

Abstract Aims To investigate the effect of high-dose iron vs. low-dose intravenous (IV) iron on myocardial infarction (MI) in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Methods and results This was a pre-specified analysis of secondary endpoints of the Proactive IV Iron Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients trial (PIVOTAL) randomized, controlled clinical trial. Adults who had started haemodialysis within the previous year, who had a ferritin concentration &amp;lt;400 μg per litre and a transferrin saturation &amp;lt;30% were randomized to high-dose or low-dose IV iron. The main outcome measure for this analysis was fatal or non-fatal MI. Over a median of 2.1 years of follow-up, 8.4% experienced a MI. Rates of type 1 MIs (3.2/100 patient-years) were 2.5 times higher than type 2 MIs (1.3/100 patient-years). Non-ST-elevation MIs (3.3/100 patient-years) were 6 times more common than ST-elevation MIs (0.5/100 patient-years). Mortality was high after non-fatal MI (1- and 2-year mortality of 40% and 60%, respectively). In time-to-first event analyses, proactive high-dose IV iron reduced the composite endpoint of non-fatal and fatal MI [hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–0.93, P = 0.01] and non-fatal MI (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51–0.93; P = 0.01) when compared with reactive low-dose IV iron. There was less effect of high-dose IV iron on recurrent MI events than on the time-to-first event analysis. Conclusion In total, 8.4% of patients on maintenance haemodialysis had an MI over 2 years. High-dose compared to low-dose IV iron reduced MI in patients receiving haemodialysis. EudraCT Registration Number 2013-002267-25.
In re Cabrera. (1989)

The Superior Court of Pennsylvania affirmed the appointment of a hospital as guardian ad litem for a six-year-old child with sickle cell anemia to consent to blood transfusion therapy for one year. The parents, who were Jehovah's Witnesses, objected to such therapy on religious and medical grounds. The Court held that, where harm to physical or mental health of a child is demonstrated, the legitimate state interest of protecting the child may override the parents' qualified right to control the upbringing of their children, even if death is not an immediately impending consequence.
Measurement of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration in an argon RF plasma jet by laser-induced fluorescence (2013)

The concentration of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in a plasma pencil, an atmospheric RF plasma jet ignited in argon, was measured by laser-induced fluorescence calibrated by Rayleigh scattering on ambient air. A suitable excitation scheme for this discharge was suggested based on laser excitation to the lowest vibrational level of the A 2Σ+ state. Effects of spectral overlap between the laser and absorption line, fluorescence saturation, temporal evolution of fluorescence radiation, rotational energy transfer and rotational distribution on the diagnostic method were analysed. The maximum OH concentration was approximately 5 × 1020 m−3. The maximum was reached when the measurement point localized in the effluent of the plasma pencil was inside but close to the tip of the visible active discharge.
Thermally Induced Osteocyte Damage Initiates a Remodelling Signaling Cascade (2015)

Thermal elevations experienced by bone during orthopaedic procedures, such as cutting and drilling, exothermal reactions from bone cement, and thermal therapies such as tumor ablation, can result in thermal damage leading to death of native bone cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells). Osteocytes are believed to be the orchestrators of bone remodeling, which recruit nearby osteoclast and osteoblasts to control resorption and bone growth in response to mechanical stimuli and physical damage. However, whether heat-induced osteocyte damage can directly elicit bone remodelling has yet to be determined. This study establishes the link between osteocyte thermal damage and the remodeling cascade. We show that osteocytes directly exposed to thermal elevations (47°C for 1 minute) become significantly apoptotic and alter the expression of osteogenic genes (Opg and Cox2). The Rankl/Opg ratio is consistently down-regulated, at days 1, 3 and 7 in MLO-Y4s heat-treated to 47°C for 1 minute. Additionally, the pro-osteoblastogenic signaling marker Cox2 is significantly up-regulated in heat-treated MLO-Y4s by day 7. Furthermore, secreted factors from heat-treated MLO-Y4s administered to MSCs using a novel co-culture system are shown to activate pre-osteoblastic MSCs to increase production of the pro-osteoblastic differentiation marker, alkaline phosphatase (day 7, 14), and calcium deposition (day 21). Most interestingly, an initial pro-osteoclastogenic signaling response (increase Rankl and Rankl/Opg ratio at day 1) followed by later stage pro-osteoblastogenic signaling (down-regulation in Rankl and the Rankl/Opg ratio and an up-regulation in Opg and Cox2 by day 7) was observed in non-heat-treated MLO-Y4s in co-culture when these were exposed to the biochemicals produced by heat-treated MLO-Y4s. Taken together, these results elucidate the vital role of osteocytes in detecting and responding to thermal damage by means of thermally induced apoptosis followed by a cascade of remodelling responses.
Unusually large shielding fields in single-grain YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1994)

Magnetic field trapping and shielding by several unirradiated single-grain YBa2Cu3O7−δ disks have been investigated between 4.2 and 71 K up to 20 T. Flux avalanches due to thermal instabilities limited the trapping field to ∼5 T below 45 K and often caused microcracks in the disks. However, a shielding field greater than 19 T was detected at 4.2 K in the same sample assembly even after it was damaged by flux avalanches. This violates the expected symmetry between shielding and trapping fields. The shielding field of ≳19 T exceeds the total quench field of 10 T predicted by the Swartz–Bean model. The observations suggest that thermomechanical properties play an important role in field shielding and trapping and mechanical stress may be effectively used to enhance the field trapped by disks of high temperature superconductors.
Multisensor information extraction and combination in a large harbor surveillance experiment (2021)

Surveillance is an important task during naval operations. This task can be performed with a combination of different sensors, including camera systems and radar. To obtain a consistent operational picture of possible threats in the vicinity of a ship, the information from the different sensors need to be combined into one overview image, in which all information related to one object is assigned to this object. In this paper, we present a new dataset for maritime surveillance applications and show two examples of combining information from different sensors. We have recorded data with several camera systems, automatic identification system (AIS) and radar in the Rotterdam Harbor. From all sensors we can obtain tracking information from the different objects. We present a method to associate the tracks and describe how snippets of the ships in the cameras can be used to enrich the information of the objects. Next to that, we show the combined information from AIS and imagery.
Initial Metabolic Tumor Volume Measured by18F-FDG PET/CT Can Predict the Outcome of Osteosarcoma of the Extremities (2013)

MTV is an independent predictor of metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities. The combination of MTV and histologic response predicts survival more accurately than the chemotherapeutic response alone.
Some Analyses Of Flight Simulation Systems Employing Real Imagery (1987)

In some flight simulation systems, the imagery is produced by continually applying perspective transformations on a few aerial photographs, which have been previously recorded at some fixed observation points along the expected flight paths. In these systems, it is usually assumed that the terrain is flat. Analyses are presented in this paper for selecting the observation points so that; (1) errors due to hilly terrain are minimized, (2) and all of the required scenery is available on the photographs. In addition, camera characteristics are derived so that the aerial photographs have the minimum required resolution.
Vascular Wall Imaging of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms with a Hybrid of Opposite-Contrast MR Angiography (2015)

The hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA can detect visible atherosclerotic plaques in the unruptured aneurysm wall, and the contrast ratio in intracranial aneurysms correlated with their presence and extent. A study including a larger series is needed to validate the diagnostic potential of this imaging technique.
A compact rarebit test for macular diseases (2009)

The new test allows portable rarebit testing for neuro-macular damage, without the need for a darkroom. It may prove useful for screening for early age-related macular degeneration.
Supplementary Table from Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Trajectory of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte States in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Trajectory of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte States in Pancreatic Cancer
Modelling Liquid Composite Moulding Processes Employing Wood Fibre Mat Reinforcements (2007)

Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) processes are commonly used techniques for the manufacture of advanced composite structures. This study explores the potential of wood fibres as reinforcement for LCM preforms, considering mats produced using dry and wet methods. The compaction response of these mats has been investigated with and without the presence of a test fluid. Permeability of these mats was also measured as a function of fibre volume fraction. Reinforcement permeability and compaction response data were used to model two different LCM processes. The simulation results have been compared with experiments.
Immunofluorescent localization of cathepsins B and D in human fibroblasts. (1981)

The proteinase cathepsin B has been localized in human fibroblasts using a monospecific antiserum that reacts in a precipitating manner with the denatured enzyme only. The distribution of staining as revealed by both direct and indirect immunofluorescence indicates a typical lysosomal localization similar to that observed for cathepsin D. Using dual localization methods employing fluorescein- and tetramethylrhodamine-labeled affinity purified antibodies both proteinases were usually observed in the same lysosome, indicating a combined role in intracellular digestion.
C-band wavelength conversion in silicon photonic wire waveguides (2005)

We demonstrate C-band wavelength conversion in Si photonic-wire waveguides with submicron cross-section by means of nonresonant, nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) using low-power, cw-laser sources. Our analysis shows that for these deeply scaled Si waveguides, FWM can be observed despite the large phase mismatch imposed by strong waveguide dispersion. The theoretical calculations agree well with proof-of-concept experiments. The nonresonant character of the FWM scheme employed allows to demonstrate frequency tuning of the idler from ~ 20 GHz to > 100 GHz thus covering several C-band DWDM channels.
In traveling wave modulators which velocity to match? (2002)

Optical modulators with very wide electrical bandwidths are essential components for optical control of microwaves and millimeter waves as well as high speed optical communication systems. A very desirable approach to obtain very wide electrical bandwidths is the so-called traveling wave design. In such a design electrode is designed as a transmission line. Therefore, electrode capacitance is distributed and does not limit the modulator speed. In this summary we will only concentrate on the measured small signal modulation response of the GaAs-AlGaAs electro optical modulator device at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m.
Sowing Density Effect on Common Bean Leaf Area Development (2016)

Sowing density is a major management factor that affects growth and development of grain crops by modifying the canopy light environment and interplant competition for water and nutrients. While the effects of density and plant architecture on static vegetative and reproductive growth traits have been explored previously in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), there are no reports of intensive measurements of the temporal dynamics on node addition and leaf area development. Such results are reported here from two sites of field experiments where the effects of sowing densities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35 plants m −2 ) and genotypes with contrasting plant architectures (two each from growth habits I, II, and III) were assessed. Analysis of the phyllochron (°C node −1 ) indicated genotype and density effects (but no interaction) on the rate of node addition. While significant, these differences amounted to &lt;2 d of leaf development at either site. In terms of leaf area development, analysis using a power function reflected large differences in the dynamics and final size of individual plant leaf area (PLA) between the lower density (&lt;15 plants m −2 ) treatments and commonly used values (&gt;20 plants m −2 ) at the growth habit but not genotype level. These differences in node addition and leaf development dynamics translated to marked differences among growth habits and densities in estimated leaf area indices and, consequently, in the estimated fraction of intercepted light at lower densities.
Diode-pumped self-frequency doubling in a Nd3+:YCa4O(BO3)3 laser (1999)

We report efficient, diode-pumped, self-frequency doubling (SFD) in the newly developed laser crystal Nd3+:YCa4O(BO3)3. More than 350 mW of fundamental output power at 1060 nm was achieved with a slope efficiency of 51%. With one watt of absorbed pump power, 62 mW of green cw laser emission at 530 nm was observed with proper phase matching. This initial performance, and the good optical properties of the crystalline host, are encouraging for the development of a high power diode-pumped SFD visible light laser source.
Acid Gas Re-Injection System Design Using Machine Learning (2022)

An “energy evolution” is necessary to manifest an environmentally sustainable world while meeting global energy requirements, with natural gas being the most suitable transition fuel. Covering the ever-increasing demand requires exploiting lower value sour gas accumulations, which involves an acid gas treatment issue due to the greenhouse gas nature and toxicity of its constituents. Successful design of the process requires avoiding the formation of acid gas vapor which, in turn, requires time-consuming and complex phase behavior calculations to be repeated over the whole operating range. In this work, we propose classification models from the Machine Learning field, able to rapidly identify the problematic vapor/liquid encounters, as a tool to accelerate phase behavior calculations. To set up this model, a big number of acid gas instances are generated by perturbing pressure, temperature, and acid gas composition and offline solving the stability problem. The generated data are introduced to various classification models, selected based on their ability to provide rapid answers when trained. Results show that by integrating the resulting trained model into the gas reinjection process simulator, the simulation process is substantially accelerated, indicating that the proposed methodology can be readily utilized in all kinds of acid gas flow simulations.
Microwave microstrip attenuators for GaAs monolithic integrated circuits (2012)

Fixed attenuation microstrip attenuators calculations and T-attenuators with thin-film cruciform resistor prototypes experiments are represented. In the frequency range from 0 to 40 GHz T-attenuator attenuation irregularity is no more than 0.1 dB at 6 and 3 dB. Calculations were made considering the device as a combination of microstrip lines with parasitic parameters. L-2L de-embedding technique was used for experiment analysis.
Textureless Macula Swelling Detection With Multiple Retinal Fundus Images (2010)

Retinal fundus images acquired with nonmydriatic digital fundus cameras are versatile tools for the diagnosis of various retinal diseases. Because of the ease of use of newer camera models and their relatively low cost, these cameras can be employed by operators with limited training for telemedicine or point-of-care (PoC) applications. We propose a novel technique that uses uncalibrated multiple-view fundus images to analyze the swelling of the macula. This innovation enables the detection and quantitative measurement of swollen areas by remote ophthalmologists. This capability is not available with a single image and prone to error with stereo fundus cameras. We also present automatic algorithms to measure features from the reconstructed image, which are useful in PoC automated diagnosis of early macular edema, e.g., before the appearance of exudation. The technique presented is divided into three parts: first, a preprocessing technique simultaneously enhances the dark microstructures of the macula and equalizes the image; second, all available views are registered using nonmorphological sparse features; finally, a dense pyramidal optical flow is calculated for all the images and statistically combined to build a naive height map of the macula. Results are presented on three sets of synthetic images and two sets of real-world images. These preliminary tests show the ability to infer a minimum swelling of 300 μm and to correlate the reconstruction with the swollen location.
Cette voix qui fourmille et fermente, multiple et une (2016)

parle d'une haute condition, mais poetique, d'une condition a la fois etayee par les premisses memes de ce la fonde, et minee, sapee, comme toute ecriture, par la logique de son alienation, la force de cette (in)signifiance la dissocierait de tout, du monde, du moi, acte de passage devant la mort de tout etre. Je parle de cette voix, hesitant entre defiguration et transfiguration, celle de Josee Yvon, voix encyclopedique quasiment coupee de tout espoir de vraie globalite quoique visant un mode de connaissance accedant a une certaine verite, verite peut-etre meme certaine, mode compulsif, hallucinatoire, parfois terrible, perilleux qui puis[e] dans le silence de cet a-jamais ouvert de tout ou, effectivement, on n'echappe point au battement d'espoir. Je parle de cette mollesse, de cette solubilite des choses hante Jean Charlebois, de l'impuissance des vieilles equations moi-monde, vue-etre, mais aussi d'un besoin, immense et vulnerable, de contact, d'echange, de reciprocite, malgre l'angoisse de notre inhabilete fatale.
ESR Study of Nitroxide Radicals Generated from Triaz‐2‐en‐1‐ols (1996)

Abstract The triazenols 4‐R 1 C 6 H 4 NNN(OH)R 2 ( 1 ), oxidized with t ‐BuO radicals, produced nitroxide radicals R 1 C 6 H 4 N(O ⋅ )NN(R 2 ) + O − ( 5 ). The suggested radical structure was confirmed by 15 N‐labeling. The reaction of triazenols 1 with PbO 2 proceeded under N 2 elimination, in which case nitroxides R 1 C 6 H 4 N(R 2 )O ⋅ ( 2 ) were observed as the final radical products. The intermediate R 1 C 6 H radicals were identified by spin‐trapping.
Novel Structure of Three-Axis Active-Control-Type Magnetic Bearing for Reducing Rotor Iron Loss (2016)

Magnetic bearings (MBs) are useful for suspending the rotor shaft of a high-speed, high-output motor because they can do so without mechanical contact. In [2], we have proposed a three-axis active-control-type MB (3-axis AMB) with a cylindrical rotor whose diameter is equal to that of the rotor of a radial MB (RMB) or a motor. The proposed 3-axis AMB integrates an RMB and a thrust MB in one unit. However, the assembly of the conventional 3-axis AMB is complex, and the rotor iron loss is large. Thus, in order to simplify the assembly of the 3-axis AMB and to reduce rotor iron loss, this paper discusses a novel structure for the 3-axis AMB in which small auxiliary permanent magnets (PMs) are inserted in the radial winding slots. The suspension force and the rotor iron loss of the proposed device are evaluated by 3-D finite-element analysis in comparison with a 3-axis AMB without small auxiliary PMs.
9.9′‐Diphenyl‐[9.9′]bifluorenyl: ein echtes Hexaaryläthan (1971)

Abstract 9.9′‐Diphenyl‐[9.9′‐ 13 C 2 ][9.9′]bifluorenyl ( 3 ) wurde über [Carboxyl‐ 13 C]Biphenyl‐carbon‐säure‐(2), [9‐ 13 C]Fluorenon, 9‐Hydroxy‐9‐phenyl‐[9‐ 13 C]fluoren und 9‐Chlor‐9‐phenyl‐[9‐ 13 C]fluoren dargestellt. Das 13 C‐NMR‐Spektrum des 9‐Phenyl‐[9‐ 13 C]fluorenyl‐Dimeren beweist die Hexaaryläthan‐Struktur 3 .