gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma processing and surface treatments in LAPPS (2002)

Summary form only given. Photoresist ashing tests have demonstrated anisotropic pattern transfer in our modulated 'Large Area Plasma Processing System' with moderate RF bias voltages. The system consists of a planar plasma distribution generated by a magnetically collimated (10-300 Gauss) sheet of electrons (2-5 kV, 10 mA/cm/sup 2/) injected into a neutral gas background (20-200 mtorr) producing ion densities of 10/sup 9/-10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/ in noble and molecular gases. Test samples are exposed to the plasma on a simple, electrically isolated chuck. Because beam ionization is independent of the reactor chamber or geometry, stage or chuck effects are only coupled through the plasma species and collisions with background gas. Surface and electronic diagnostics have been used to investigate the flux to the surface composition and the associated electromagnetics of the stage. Processing results are correlated to relative plasma specie composition (and energies) from through-the-platen sampling mass spectrometry and [RF and DC] current sensor information. With the appropriate time resolved diagnostics, effects of pulsed vs DC operation can be studied as well. Our progress on these issues and how they impact real processing applications of photoresist ashing and ion milling will be presented.
A narrative review of BRAF alterations in human tumors: diagnostic and predictive implications (2020)

: BRAF is a ubiquitous oncogene in human tumors; oncogenic mutations give rise to a broad biologic spectrum of clonal proliferations depending on cellular context and tumor suppressor gene co-mutation. The BRAF V600E mutation, a class 1 variant, is the best-understood alteration in the gene, but despite that, extensive pre-clinical and empiric study has been required to optimize combinatorial therapies in order to overcome bypass and downstream signaling induced by BRAF inhibitor monotherapy in tumors with this mutation. Class 2 and 3 BRAF variants predominate in certain tumors such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and are associated with distinct clinicopathologic features including resistance to RAF inhibitors and co-mutation with other genes in the RTK/RAS/MAPK pathway. Clinical trials of BRAF inhibitors in some of the most common malignancies, including melanoma, colorectal cancers, and lung cancers, have led to a number of FDA-approved combination RAF-MEK or RAF-EGFR inhibitors, with substantial implications for improved survival and quality of life in a large number of cancer patients. Mutational testing for BRAF V600E is required for selection of patients with BRAF inhibitor therapies; rapid screening for the mutation may be carried out using mutation-specific immunohistochemistry, whereas next generation sequencing is an optimal testing strategy in order to identify relevant co-mutations and mutational patterns (such as mismatch repair status) likely to influence therapeutic selection and outcomes.
Understanding rice plant resistance to the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens): A proteomic approach (2009)

Engineering and breeding resistant plant varieties are the most effective and environmentally friendly ways to control agricultural pests and improve crop performance. However, the mechanism of plant resistance to pests is poorly understood. Here we used a quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approach for comparative analysis of expression profiles of proteins in rice leaf sheaths in responses to infestation by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH), which is a serious rice crop pest. Proteins involved in multiple pathways showed significant changes in expression in response to BPH feeding, including jasmonic acid synthesis proteins, oxidative stress response proteins, beta-glucanases, protein; kinases, clathrin protein, glycine cleavage system protein, photosynthesis proteins and aquaporins. The corresponding genes of eight important proteins were further analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Proteomic and transcript responses that were related to wounding, oxidative and pathogen stress overlapped considerably between BPH-resistant (carrying the resistance gene BPH15) and susceptible rice lines. In contrast, proteins and genes related to callose metabolism remained unchanged and glycine cleavage system protein was up-regulated in the BPH-resistant lines, indicating that they have an efficient and specific defense mechanism. Our results provide new information about the interaction between rice and the BPH.
Message from the Workshops Co-Chairs (2018)

Welcome to HiPC 2018 in Bengaluru, India. This year we were have organized five workshops that will serve to broaden the technical scope of the conference and offer a forum for discussing emerging areas of high performance computing. Four of the workshops issued a call for papers, and the papers accepted will be published in the workshops volume of the proceedings. These papers along with talks from keynote and invited speakers will be presented as part of the programs to be held on December 17th, the first day of the conference.
In vivo wear of titanium-alloy hip prostheses. (1990)

We examined samples of tissue and components that had been removed during twenty revisions of total hip arthroplasties in which a titanium-alloy femoral component had been used. Minute amounts of metallic debris were detected in the tissues from two patients. The amounts of polyethylene and methylmethacrylate debris and the histological reactions in the tissues corresponded closely with those reported in earlier studies of total hip prostheses made of stainless steel or cobalt-chromium alloy.
miR‐145, miR‐133a and miR‐133b: Tumor‐suppressive miRNAs target FSCN1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding RNAs 21-25 nucleotides in length, regulate gene expression primarily at the posttranscriptional level. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in many human cancers, and that they play significant roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. A search for miRNAs with a tumor-suppressive function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was performed using the miRNA expression signatures obtained from ESCC clinical specimens. A subset of 15 miRNAs was significantly downregulated in ESCC. A comparison of miRNA signatures from ESCC and our previous report identified 4 miRNAs that are downregulated in common (miR-145, miR-30a-3p, miR-133a and miR-133b), suggesting that these miRNAs are candidate tumor suppressors. Gain-of-function analysis revealed that 3 transfectants (miR-145, miR-133a and miR-133b) inhibit cell proliferation and cell invasion in ESCC cells. These miRNAs (miR-145, miR-133a and miR-133b), which have conserved sequences in the 3'UTR of FSCN1 (actin-binding protein, Fascin homolog 1), inhibited FSCN1 expression. The signal from a luciferase reporter assay was significantly decreased at 2 miR-145 target sites and 1 miR-133a/b site, suggesting both miRNAs directly regulate FSCN1. An FSCN1 loss-of-function assay found significant cell growth and invasion inhibition, implying an FSCN1 is associated with ESCC carcinogenesis. The identification of tumor-suppressive miRNAs, miR-145, miR-133a and miR-133b, directly control oncogenic FSCN1 gene. These signal pathways of ESCC could provide new insights into potential mechanisms of ESCC carcinogenesis.
Designing a Reliable Power System: Hydro-Quebec's Integrated Approach (2005)

Hydro-Que/spl acute/bec's transmission system is among the most extensive and complex transmission networks in North America. The system's design was improved over the last few years using an optimization process based on acquired experience as well as customers' expectations. Hydro-Que/spl acute/bec's transmission system is currently designed in accordance with four major guiding principles based on a successive line of defense concept designed to counter events that are increasingly more severe but also increasingly more rare. These major guiding principles are a direct reflection of the level of risk that society accepts to tolerate in relation to the costs involved by higher reliability requirements. Que/spl acute/bec's specific context, which is characterized by long transmission lines, harsh weather, and customers' heavy reliance on electricity for their heating needs, means that very high security standards must be used in the system design. To obtain a level of reliability on par with that of our neighbors' systems, however, requires more stringent criteria and standards. This paper will describe the design philosophy of Hydro-Que/spl acute/bec's power system, the underlying major guiding principles, and the defense plans designed to ensure its reliability.
Inversion of CSMT data over 3‐D structures (2000)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000Inversion of CSMT data over 3‐D structuresAuthors: Oleg PortniaguineMichael S. ZhdanovOleg PortniaguineUniversity of Utah and Michael S. ZhdanovUniversity of Utahhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816044 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816044FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2000 Pages: 2484 publication data© 2000 Copyright © 2000 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Oleg Portniaguine and Michael S. Zhdanov, (2000), "Inversion of CSMT data over 3‐D structures," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 281-284. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816044 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Assessing tumor angiogenesis using macromolecular MR imaging contrast media (1997)

MRI enhanced with a macromolecular contrast medium (MMCM) has previously been shown to estimate tumor microvascular characteristics that correlate closely with histologic microvascular density, an established surrogate of tumor angiogenesis. A similar MMCM-enhanced MRI technique has now been used to investigate the acute tumor microvascular effects of antibody-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a well-studied and potent angiogenesis stimulator. Athymic rats xenografted with a human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-435) were imaged after administration of albumin-gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA30) using a heavily T1-weighted three dimensional-spoiled gradient-refocused acquisition in a steady-state pulse sequence before and 24 hours after treatment with anti-VEGF antibody (single dose of 1 mg). Changes in longitudinal relaxivity (delta R1) were analyzed using a bidirectional two-compartment kinetic model to estimate tumor fractional blood volume (fBV) and permeability surface area product (PS). Data showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of tumor PS with respect to macromolecular contrast medium at 24 hours after treatment with anti-VEGF antibody. No significant change was observed in fBV. Suppression of tumor microvascular permeability induced by anti-VEGF antibody can be detected and quantified by MMCM-enhanced MRI. MRI grading of tumor angiogenesis and monitoring of anti-angiogenesis interventions could find wide clinical application.
Surface Chemical Characterization of Maleic Acid Mono[2-(4-alkylpiperazinyl)-ethyl esters]. 1. The Complex Adsorption Behavior of an Ampholytic Surfactant (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Chemical Characterization of Maleic Acid Mono[2-(4-alkylpiperazinyl)-ethyl esters]. 1. The Complex Adsorption Behavior of an Ampholytic SurfactantH. Fiedler, R. Wuestneck, B. Weiland, R. Miller, and K. HaageCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 11, 3959–3965Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00023a011https://doi.org/10.1021/la00023a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme shift from L-type to M2-type is a late event in hepatocarcinogenesis induced in rats by a choline-deficient/DL- ethionine-supplemented diet (1998)

Rats received a choline-deficient diet containing 0.1% (w/w) DL-ethionine (CDE) for 4, 10, 14 or 22 weeks. A separate group was treated for 4 weeks with CDE and then received a normal diet for 4 weeks. The L and M2 isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase were immunocytochemically demonstrated in liver sections. L-PK expression was strongly reduced in the hepatocytes after 4 weeks of treatment and remained low until the end of the study. Withdrawal of CDE after 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks normal diet resulted in a nearly full recovery of L-PK expression as compared to untreated controls. At later stages (10-22 weeks of CDE- treatment) many pseudolobules, preneoplastic foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH) such as combined clear/acidophilic cell foci (CCF/ACF) and mixed/basophilic cell foci (MCF/BCF), and hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) were observed. Pseudolobules showed a slight reduction in L-PK-expression, and were negative for M2-PK. In all clear cell components of CCF/ACF excessively storing glycogen, L-PK-expression was increased compared to both the surrounding parenchyma and hepatocytes of controls. In acidophilic cell components with less pronounced glycogen storage L-PK expression was similar to that of pseudolobules showing a slightly reduced content of this enzyme protein. M2-PK was invariably negative in CCF/ACF. In most MCF glycogen-storing subpopulations expressed L-PK, whereas in all glycogen-poor basophilic populations L-PK protein was strongly reduced. M2-PK was not expressed in most of these MCF. However, in rare MCF the reduction in L-PK expression was combined with a significant expression of M2-PK. In HCA M2-PK underwent a further increase, although to a variable degree, while L-PK remained strongly reduced. Our results show that an isoenzyme shift from L-PK to M2-PK takes place at a late stage of the hepatocarcinogenic process, and that those MCF with a low L-PK expression and a reexpression of M2-PK most probably represent the direct precursor lesions of hepatocellular neoplasms.
Gene expression analysis of the mechanisms whereby black cohosh inhibits human breast cancer cell growth. (2007)

Since the MeOH extract activated genes that enhance apoptosis and repressed cell cycle genes, it may be useful in the prevention and therapy of breast cancer.
Efficacy of Azithromycin for Treating Babesia microti Infection in the Hamster Model (1993)

Because of its prevalence and severity, Babesia microti infection is an important public health problem. The current treatment of choice is clindamycin plus quinine. However, in some cases other treatments are needed because of drug intolerance or relapse. The activity of azithromycin was investigated for treatment of babesiosis in the hamster model. All animals received vancomycin to prevent antibiotic-associated colitis. Quinine (250 mg/kg/day), azithromycin (150 mg/kg/day), and the combination of azithromycin and quinine were compared. A significant suppression of parasitemia was found in all treatment groups (combination had the greatest effect, followed by azithromycin, then quinine; P < .05). The mean survival was significantly prolonged in the combination group (P < .05). Azithromycin as monotherapy in a higher dose (300 mg/kg/day) also resulted in a significant prolongation of survival (P < .05). Spirogermanium and ciprofloxacin, which have been reported to have antimalarial activity, had no effect on parasitemia or survival in this experimental babesiosis model.
Probabilistic Shaping for Trellis-Coded Modulation With CRC-Aided List Decoding (2023)

This paper applies probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) to cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-aided tail-biting trellis-coded modulation (TCM). CRC-TCM-PAS produces practical codes for short block lengths on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. In the transmitter, equally likely message bits are encoded by a distribution matcher (DM) generating amplitude symbols with a desired distribution. A CRC is appended to the sequence of amplitude symbols, and this sequence is then encoded and modulated by TCM to produce real-valued channel input signals. This paper proves that the sign values produced by the TCM are asymptotically equally likely to be positive or negative. The CRC-TCM-PAS scheme can thus generate channel input symbols with a symmetric capacity-approaching probability mass function. The paper provides an analytical upper bound on the frame error rate of the CRC-TCM-PAS system over the AWGN channel. This FER upper bound is the objective function used for jointly optimizing the CRC and convolutional code. Additionally, this paper proposes a multi-composition DM, which is a collection of multiple constant-composition DMs. The optimized CRC-TCM-PAS systems achieve frame error rates below the random coding union (RCU) bound in AWGN and outperform the short-blocklength PAS systems with various other forward error correction codes studied in Coşkun et al. (2019).
Risk factors for treatment related mortality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (2010)

Several TRDs were potentially preventable and future efforts should be directed towards patients at risk.
Variational calculations of vibrational properties of ozone (1977)

A variational method is used to obtain vibrational–rotational properties for ozone from an experimental quartic force field. Band positions, average structures, matrix elements for calculating infrared intensities, and effective rotational constants are reported for 16O3 and its 18O isotopic species. Also, the degree to which the vibrational energies and properties are converged is investigated as a function of the basis set parameters and basis set size, and of the method of obtaining the Hamiltonian matrix elements. A convenient procedure for assigning the vibrational states is developed for variational vibrational wavefunction expansions.
An experimental determination of the surface energies of ice (1969)

Abstract Abstract A direct experimental method has been used to determine the magnitudes of the ice-water vapour, ice-water, and ice-ice (grain boundary) surface free energies. The magnitudes were found to be 109, 33 and 65 erg/cm2, respectively, at 0°C. The experimental results indicate that the grain boundary surface free energy varies slightly with the mismatch between the grains but that variations with crystal orientation of the ice-water vapour and the ice-water surface free energies are small.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHOTOREACTION BETWEEN DNA AND AMINOMETHYL‐TRIMETHYLPSORALEN USING ABSORPTION AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (1981)

Abstract –The use of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy for following the progress of the photo‐reaction between DNA and 4′‐aminomethyl‐4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen (AMT) has been investigated. Absorption at long wavelengths and fluorescence both decline upon intercalation of AMT into the DNA helix. The loss of fluorescence from AMT and the accompanying appearance of monoadduct fluorescence upon irradiation by UV light can be easily followed by using the excitation beam of a spectro‐fluorometer as the source of irradiation and monitoring the changing emission spectrum. Where cross‐link formation is possible, the subsequent decline of monoadduct fluorescence is seen as well. This suggests that the 4,5‐tnonoadduct is a precursor of cross‐links. Both monoaddition and cross‐linking are more rapid with poly d(A·T) than with calf thymus DNA or poly d(A·T). Excitation spectra can be helpful in resolving the levels of AMT and 4′,5′‐monoadduct when both are contributing to the emission spectrum. Some changes are observed in the emission spectrum of AMT–poly d(A·T) monoadducts after prolonged irradiation which indicate further photoreaction.
Minimally invasive posterior approach to total hip replacement (2005)

Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty holds great promise as an alternative to standard-length incision total hip arthroplasty. The authors recommend the posterolateral approach with an incision no more than 10 centimeters in length. Good candidates for the procedure include those with a body mass index below 28 who are not heavily muscled. Besides the obvious cosmetic benefits, a number of studies, including a randomized trial, have shown decreased blood loss and faster recovery. Other studies contradict these findings showing minimal benefits or no evidence that the minimally invasive approach resulted in less bleeding or less trauma to the soft tissues of the hip. Radiographic evaluation reveals acceptable results with the technique in terms of measurements of acetabular and stem position and cement technique. Further investigations into the efficacy and safety of the procedure in both the short and long term are required before widespread use is advocated. Maximum benefit with minimal risk to the patient is achieved by surgeons specially trained and experienced in the technique, utilizing customized instruments operating on a select group of patients.
Solvent extraction with microporous hydrophilic and composite membranes (1987)

Abstract Dispersion‐free solvent extraction using microporous hydrophobic membranes has been extended to hydrophilic and composite hydrophobic‐hydrophilic membranes. Excess phase pressure conditions, if needed for dispersion‐free operation, have been identified. Boundary layer and membrane resistances to solute transport have been isolated and simple relations developed for the overall mass transfer coefficient in such systems. A variety of flat microporous membranes have been utilized. Previous investigations by others had interpreted the membrane mass transfer resistance using the notion of unhindered diffusion through tortuous pores of the membrane. We have studied here the applicability and limitations of such a model for a number of membrane‐solute‐solvent systems.
First-line double high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation versus single high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma (2008)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effectiveness of tandem high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation compared with single high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma