gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Präparative mikrobiologische Reduktion von β‐Oxoestern mit Thermoanaerobium brockii (1984)

Ganze Zellen thermophiler Bakterien wurden erstmals bei organischen Synthesen im Laboratoriumsmaßstab eingesetzt. Die asymmetrische Reduktion einiger β‐Oxoester 1 zu den Hydroxyestern 2 gelang mit guten chemischen und optischen Ausbeuten. Beispiele: RCH 3 (Ethylester), C 2 H 5 (Ethylester), ClCH 2 (Methylester): ee = 80, 84 bzw. 89%. magnified image
Measuring Performance of 3GPP LTE Terminals and Small Base Stations in Reverberation Chambers (2016)

Chambers ................................................................................419 12.1.4 Chapter Outline ......................................................................41912.2 Basic Properties of Reverberation Chambers......................................... 420 12.2.1 Basic Measurements-Reflection and TransmissionCoefficients ............................................................................ 423. 12.2.2 Transmission Level and Calibration ........................................425 12.2.3. Accuracy and Number of Independent Samples ..................... 426 12.2.4 Research Activities on Reverberation Chambers .....................427 12.2.5 Benchmarking of Reverberation with Anechoic Chambers .... 43.012.1 Introduction Multipath fading has for many years been a problem for mobile communication engineers, to be overcome by designing systems that have sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) margins. The fading is caused by multiple reflections in walls and ceilings (indoors) or cars and buildings (outdoors) that add constructively or destructively at the location of the terminal or base station antennas. The global system for mobile communications (GSM) and third generation (3.G) both require fading margins of 20-3.0 dB to provide good voice quality at most locations in the cell [1]. The 3.rd Generation Partnership Project (3.GPP) long term evolution (LTE) and, to some extent, evolved HSPA (high-speed packet access) and WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) will use a completely different approach to multipath fading. Instead of being something to be combated to provide robust voice communication everywhere in the cell, the fading conditions will be used to increase the bit rate for data communication for single users or increase the system throughput in order to increase the overall spectral efficiency [2].
Analyzing Systolic-Diastolic Interval Interaction Characteristics in Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Progression (2015)

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), one of the major complications in diabetes, if detected at the subclinical stage allows for effective treatment and avoiding further complication including cardiovascular pathology. Surface ECG (Electrocardiogram)-based diagnosis of CAN is useful to overcome the limitation of existing cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests traditionally used for CAN identification in clinical settings. The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes in the mechanical function of the ventricles in terms of systolic-diastolic interval interaction (SDI) from a surface ECG to assess the severity of CAN progression [no CAN, early CAN (ECAN) or subclinical CAN, and definite CAN (DCAN) or clinical CAN]. ECG signals recorded in supine resting condition from 72 diabetic subjects without CAN (CAN-) and 70 diabetic subjects with CAN were analyzed in this paper. The severity of CAN was determined by Ewing's Cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Fifty-five subjects of the CAN group had ECAN and 15 subjects had DCAN. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the SDI parameter (i.e., TQ/RR interval ratio) measured from the electrical diastolic interval (i.e., TQ interval) and the heart rate interval (i.e., RR interval). The performance of the proposed SDI measure was compared with the performance of the existing SDI measure (i.e., QT/TQ interval ratio). The proposed SDI parameter showed significant differences among three groups (no CAN, ECAN, and DCAN). In addition, the proposed SDI parameter was found to be more sensitive in detecting CAN progression than other ECG interval-based features traditionally used for CAN diagnosis. The modified SDI parameter might be used as an alternative measure for the Ewing autonomic reflex tests to identify CAN progression for those subjects who are unable to perform the traditional tests. These findings could also complement the echocardiographic findings of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by providing additional information about alteration in systolic and diastolic intervals in heart failure.
Diffraction based identification of an elusive FCC phase in carbo-oxidized titanium (2021)

A face-centered cubic (FCC) phase formed during the carbo-oxidation of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) α-Titanium at 600 to 700 °C. The FCC crystal structure was confirmed using transmission electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The a lattice parameter for the FCC resulting from the three methods was consistent with FCC sublattice of titanium atoms in δ-TiH2-x. The FCC phase is hypothesized to form partly due to hydrogen pick-up, the stress state in the foil caused by the mismatch between body centered cubic iron-stabilized β-Titanium and HCP α-Titanium and the tensile stress present in front of the oxygen concentration profile. A transformation of α-Titanium into δ-TiH2-x is accomplished by introducing Shockley partial dislocations on every 2nd closest paced plane, resulting in an orientation relation that has previously been observed for thermally induced FCC γ-Ti. The TiH2-x phase was shown to decompose upon vacuum annealing at 500 °C.
A Targeted NKX2.1 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Reporter Line Enables Identification of Human Basal Forebrain Derivatives (2011)

We have used homologous recombination in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to insert sequences encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the NKX2.1 locus, a gene required for normal development of the basal forebrain. Generation of NKX2.1-GFP(+) cells was dependent on the concentration, timing, and duration of retinoic acid treatment during differentiation. NKX2.1-GFP(+) progenitors expressed genes characteristic of the basal forebrain, including SHH, DLX1, LHX6, and OLIG2. Time course analysis revealed that NKX2.1-GFP(+) cells could upregulate FOXG1 expression, implying the existence of a novel pathway for the generation of telencephalic neural derivatives. Further maturation of NKX2.1-GFP(+) cells gave rise to γ-aminobutyric acid-, tyrosine hydroxylase-, and somatostatin-expressing neurons as well as to platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive oligodendrocyte precursors. These studies highlight the diversity of cell types that can be generated from human NKX2.1(+) progenitors and demonstrate the utility of NKX2.1(GFP/w) hESCs for investigating human forebrain development and neuronal differentiation.
Time interval between repeated injections conditions the duration of motor improvement to apomorphine in Parkinson's disease (1992)

Behavioral hyposensitivity to repeated apomorphine administration occurs in fluctuating parkinsonian patients. To determine to what extent the interval between doses influences the response, we administered equal paired apomorphine injections to 10 fluctuating parkinsonian patients. Subjects received two apomorphine injections at 2-hour and at 4-hour intervals on different days after a 10- to 12-hour overnight period without levodopa. Following apomorphine doses at 2-hour intervals, the duration of response was reduced by 40% (61 versus 42 minutes, p less than 0.001) but was of equal duration when the doses were given at 4-hour intervals. These findings indicate that the interval between doses is a critical determinant of motor response. We postulate a time-dependent period of partial hyposensitivity to pulsatile DA stimulation.
Sulfur in the environment (1998)

Sulfur dynamics in cultivated, temperate agroecosystems dynamics of sulfur transformations in grazed pastures sulfur fertilizers for grazed pasture systems modelling the rate of elemental sulfur oxidation in soils role and effect of sulfur in tree biology responses of forest ecosystems to changing sulfur inputs sulfur nutrition and cycling in southern hemisphere temperate and subtropical forest ecosystems modelling effects of SO2 on net photosynthesis in forest trees, from twigs to canopy level - a synthesis critical loading of sulfur and nitrogen in eastern North America.
Directed Radiation of Sound from Loud Speakers (1930)

A discussion of the importance of the directional characteristics of loud speakers from the standpoint of good reproduction of sound in small rooms and auditoriums. Calculated results will be shown for a number of ideal sound radiators and experimental measurements will be given in a number of typical cases.
The Application of Multiresponse Estimation to Drug Stability Studies (1987)

AbstractThis paper focuses on the statistical methodology for the simultaneous analysis of stability data obtained on both parent compound and degradation products. A mathematical model based on kinetic theory is developed to describe both the disappearance of parent compound and appearance of degradation products. Analysis of data obtained from accelerated testing of drug stability is accomplished by extending the kinetic model to include the Arrhenius relationship. A simulated data set generated from parameter estimates obtained from an actual analysis is used as an example to illustrate the statistical techniques.
Size Dependence of the Minimum Excitation Gap in the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (2008)

We study the typical (median) value of the minimum gap in the quantum version of the exact cover problem using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, in order to understand the complexity of the quantum adiabatic algorithm for much larger sizes than before. For a range of sizes N< or =128, where the classical Davis-Putnam algorithm shows exponential median complexity, the quantum adiabatic algorithm shows polynomial median complexity. The bottleneck of the algorithm is an isolated avoided-crossing point of a Landau-Zener type (collision between the two lowest energy levels only).
Identifying Interacting Proteins in an Escherichia coli-Based Two-Hybrid System (2003)

The BacterioMatch™ two-hybrid system provides a fast, simple, and efficient method for in vivo detection of protein-protein interactions in Escherichia coli (,). This system is based on transcriptional activation of a reporter gene. In this system, a protein of interest (the bait) is fused to the full-length bacteriophage λ repressor protein (λcl), which consists of an amino-terminal DNA-binding domain and a carboxyl-terminal dimerization domain. Target proteins are fused to the N-terminal domain of the α-subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP-α). When expressed in the bacterial reporter strain, the bait is tethered to the λ operator sequence upstream of the reporter promoter through the DNA-binding domain of λcl. When the bait and target proteins interact, they recruit and stabilize the binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter and activate transcription of the β-lactamase (Ampr) and β-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter genes (see Fig. 1). Expression from the reporter promoter is correlated with the interaction affinity of the bait and target. A stronger interaction between bait and target proteins results in higher levels of gene expression of the reporter genes, as indicated by higher levels of carbenicillin-resistance () and β-galactosidase activity in the reporter strain. The BacterioMatch system detects an interaction between proteins with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the high nanomolar range. Open image in new window Fig. 1. Interaction of the bait and target proteins activates transcription of the Ampr and lacZ reporter genes.
JUNB, DUSP2, SGK1, SOCS1 and CREBBP are frequently mutated in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (2018)

T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is a rare aggressive lymphoma showing histopathological overlap with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite differences in tumor microenvironment and clinical behavior, the tumor cells of both entities show remarkable similarities, suggesting that both lymphomas might represent a spectrum of the same disease. To address this issue, we investigated whether these entities share mutations. Ultra-deep targeted resequencing of six typical and 11 histopathological variants of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and nine cases of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma revealed that genes recurrently mutated in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma are affected by mutations at similar frequencies in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. The most recurrently mutated genes were <i>JUNB</i>, <i>DUSP2</i>, <i>SGK1</i>, <i>SOCS1</i> and <i>CREBBP</i>, which harbored mutations more frequently in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and the histopathological variants of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma than in its typical form. Mutations in <i>JUNB</i>, <i>DUSP2</i>, <i>SGK1</i> and <i>SOCS1</i> were highly enriched for somatic hypermutation hotspot sites, suggesting an important role of aberrant somatic hypermutation in the generation of these somatic mutations and thus in the pathogenesis of both lymphoma entities. Mutations in <i>JUNB</i> are generally rarely observed in malignant lymphomas and thus are relatively specific for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma at such high frequencies (5/17 and 5/9 cases with <i>JUNB</i> mutations, respectively). Taken together, the findings of the present study further support a close relationship between T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma by showing that they share highly recurrent genetic lesions.
RSVM: a region-based software virtual memory for GPU (2013)

The stream programming model has received a lot of interest because it naturally exposes task, data, and pipeline parallelism. However, most prior work has focused on static scheduling of regular stream programs. Therefore, irregular applications cannot be handled in static scheduling, and the load imbalance caused by static scheduling faces scalability limitations in many-core systems. In this paper, we introduce the DANBI1 programming model which supports irregular stream programs and propose dynamic scheduling techniques. Scheduling irregular stream programs is very challenging and the load imbalance becomes a major hurdle to achieve scalability. Our dynamic load-balancing scheduler exploits producer-consumer relationships already expressed in the stream program to achieve scalability. Moreover, it effectively avoids the thundering-herd problem and dynamically adapts to load imbalance in a probabilistic manner. It surpasses prior static stream scheduling approaches which are vulnerable to load imbalance and also surpasses prior dynamic stream scheduling approaches which have many restrictions on supported program types, on the scope of dynamic scheduling, and on preserving data ordering. Our experimental results on a 40-core server show that DANBI achieves an almost linear scalability and outperforms state-of-the-art parallel runtimes by up to 2.8 times.
Sort Optimization Algorithm of Median Filtering Based on FPGA (2010)

The traditional sorting algorithm of median filtering is optimized according to the hardware structure features of FPGA. FPGA is used to acquire the data parallelly for comparing the data of the same column in the median filtering window. Comparing results shared by adjacent filter window are saved temporarily to match the new round of median filtering by using FPGA internal resources. This method can reduce the comparing times from current 21 down to 13, and improve the algorithm efficiency nearly 40%.The experimental results prove that the optimized algorithm can filter a 1K × 1K gray-level image in about 20ms, which ensure the proposed algorithm can be applied in the real-time image median filtering system.
Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) in severe aortic valve stenosis: association with outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (2016)

In TAVI patients MR-proADM, MR-proANP, and NT-proBNP are promising predictors of adverse events within 1 year. Integration of these biomarkers into decision pathways may help to identify patients at higher risk.
ABCA1 and ABCG1 Protect Against Oxidative Stress–Induced Macrophage Apoptosis During Efferocytosis (2010)

We identified a new beneficial role of ABCA1, ABCG1 and HDL in dampening the oxidative burst and preserving viability of macrophages following exposure to oxidized phospholipids and/or apoptotic cells.
Center electrode effects in a long-conduction-time plasma-opening switch (1992)

We present the results of an experimental study of a coaxial, long-conduction-time plasma-opening switch. Our experiments show that the use of an 80% transparent inner electrode can significantly increase the opening speed. From measurements of the current into a load, the use of the grid improves the value of dI/dt by more than 60%, compared to results obtained with a solid center electrode.
Plasma diagnostics of optical-field ionized soft X-ray lasers (2002)

Summary form only given. In our scheme, singly ionized lithium ions produced by a ns-KrF laser pulse are further ionized to a fully stripped state by a sub-ps KrF laser pulse (0.5 ps, 50 mJ) at 10/sup 17/ W/cm/sup 2/. We obtained extremely cold electron temperature of less than 1 eV. However, the ATI mode predicted much higher average electron energy of 26 eV than that measured experimentally.
Self‐micellizing solid dispersion of tacrolimus: Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characterization (2023)

The present study was undertaken to develop a self-micellizing solid dispersion (SMSD) of tacrolimus (TAC) to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of TAC. An SMSD formulation of TAC (SMSD/TAC) and amorphous solid dispersion formulation of TAC (ASD/TAC) were prepared with Soluplus<sup>®</sup> , an amphiphilic copolymer, and hydroxypropyl cellulose, respectively. Physicochemical properties were characterized in terms of morphology, crystallinity, storage stability, interaction of TAC with Soluplus<sup>®</sup> , and micelle-forming potency; pharmacokinetic behavior was also evaluated in rats. Tacrolimus in both formulations was in an amorphous state. After storage at 40°C/75% relativity humidity for 4 weeks, there were no significant changes in the crystallinity of TAC between nonaged and aged SMSD/TAC, whereas slight recrystallization was observed in aged ASD/TAC. The results of circular dichroism (CD) and infrared spectroscopic analyses were indicative of the potent drug-polymer interaction in SMSD/TAC, possibly leading to the prevention of recrystallization. Compared with other TAC samples, SMSD/TAC exhibited significant improvement in the dissolution behavior of TAC through the immediate formation of fine micelles. After the oral administration of TAC samples (10 mg TAC/kg) to rats, there was marked enhancement in systemic exposure to TAC with both formulations; in particular, SMSD/TAC achieved an increase in bioavailability ca. 20-fold higher than crystalline TAC. The SMSD approach might provide an effective dosage form for TAC with enhanced physicochemical stability and oral absorption.
Focal depth shifting of a time reversal mirror in a range-independent waveguide (2005)

A time-reversal mirror refocuses back at the original probe source position. A goal has been to refocus at different positions without model based calculations. A method to refocus at different ranges has already been developed using frequency shifting. Here we present a technique to refocus at different depths than the original probe source in a shallow ocean range-independent waveguide. The requirement is to collect data from various ranges at a single depth, as from a moving broadband radiator, over a distance sufficient to construct the relevant frequency-wave-number (f-k) structure of the waveguide. With this information, it is then possible to focus at arbitrary depth at any of the ranges that the probe source data were taken. Experimental results confirm the theory.
Prolonged decrease in cardiac volumes after maximal upright bicycle exercise (1987)

Sequential exercise-gated cardiac blood pool scintigrams provide a noninvasive technique for evaluating the effect of therapeutic interventions on cardiac volumes and function only if both exercise periods are equivalent in the absence of an intervention. To assess whether they are indeed equivalent, 14 healthy subjects underwent gated blood pool scintigraphy during two maximal upright exercise periods separated by 60 min without changing position. Although resting cardiac output and blood pressure returned to base-line values 60 min after the first exercise period, mean resting heart rate was markedly higher (89.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 66.5 +/- 2.5 beats/min, P less than 0.001) and upright cardiac volumes lower [39.1 +/- 4.9 vs. 56.3 +/- 6.0 ml, P less than 0.001, for end-systolic volume (ESV) and 112.6 +/- 8.0 vs. 144.9 +/- 9.0 ml, P less than 0.001, for end-diastolic volume (EDV)] than before the first exercise period. These differences persisted during low levels of the subsequent exercise but not at high and maximum work loads. Cardiac volumes and heart rate 60 min after an identical exercise protocol in a second group of 22 subjects who received propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg iv, after their initial exercise, however, were the same as those preexercise. Thus higher sympathetic tone may be responsible for the persistently higher heart rate and decreased cardiac volumes after exercise, and the assumption that cardiac volumes and function are similar during two closely spaced sequential exercise studies is not always valid.
Selection of the Earthing Impedance at the Source and Electrical Human Effect in IT Ground LVDC System for the End User’s (2021)

All over the world, renewable energy had been gotten attention because of the clean energy, low-cost. and so on. The solar generation and energy storage system(ESS) which are based on the DC power system have different characteristics from the general AC system and are close to the end-user of the electric. For these reasons and other positive aspects, the low voltage direct current(LVDC) system, had been studied. The LVDC system has a more complex configuration since the power sources and ground types in IEC 60364. One of them, IT system has the earthing impedance at source and it is more safe than other ground types in aspect fault current passing the human body. So, it has been expected to be used in end-user system. Until now, most of the studies about the LVDC system was related to the power distribution system like load unbalance, fault analysis, efficiency, and so on. However, the standards about the earthing impedance at the power source for electrical safety did not exist. So, in this paper, the selection of the earthing impedance in IT LVDC system has been studied in an aspect of human electrical safety. For the research, the simulation was performed based on IEC 60364 and IEC 60479 through the Matlab/Simulink and test experiments were conducted. Through the research, it was confirmed the electrical safety according to the source types, voltage level and earthing impedances. Also, it was analyzed the selection of earthing impedance value for the less human effect when the electrical shock occurred.
Intelligent co-operative processor-in-memory (2007)

Original article can be found at: http://www.medjec.com/ Copyright Softmotor Limited