gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addressing Channel Mismatch through Speaker Discriminative Transforms (2006)

This paper presents a discriminative criterion applied to Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to reduce handset mismatch. The criterion is related to the log-likelihood-ratio (LLR) scoring approach commonly used in GMMs for speaker recognition. The algorithm attempts to perform a direct mapping of features from one channel type to an assumed undistorted target channel but with the goal of maximizing speaker discrimination using the transform. The transform attempts to maximize the posterior probability of a group of speaker models given their corresponding speech observations recorded on a different channel
Engineering of Nanorods for Superior in Field Performance of 2G-HTS Conductor Utilizing Advanced MOCVD Reactor (2016)

An advanced MOCVD (A-MOCVD) reactor has been developed with an aim of addressing the issues found in most superconductor deposition techniques such as a-axis grain formation, degradation of texture in thick films and poor source-to-film conversion efficiency. A record high-lift factor of ~9 and critical current of 3346 A/12 mm at 30 K, 2.5 T, B||c have been demonstrated in films produced in a single pass in the A-MOCVD reactor. The performance results achieved are not possible in conventional MOCVD without resorting to two-pass deposition for films thickness 2 μm and up. Additionally, a precursor-to-film conversion efficiency increase by a factor of 2.5-4 has been achieved in 2-μm-thick films deposited in a single pass. We also present results on the utilization of this system toward engineering of nanorods in thick films that are highly aligned over the entire film thickness and with very small diameter (2 nm), resulting in much higher nanorod density for the same molar fraction of Zr dopant. The results on increase in efficiency as well as on rapid nanorod characterization are also presented.
[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in children]. (1992)

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is a combination of thrombocytopenia, intravascular coagulation, and a rapid increase in the size of an angioma. Anemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation may develop. This infrequent syndrome is severe and may be life-threatening. Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the condition are incompletely understood and, consequently, many different treatments are used, including systemic corticosteroids, compression, embolization, antifibrinolytic agents, platelet aggregation inhibitors, irradiation, and others. From findings in eight personal cases, the authors review clinical and biological features, pathophysiologic hypotheses and therapeutic strategies.
Case studies of model checking for embedded system designs (2004)

As modern embedded systems become more integrated and complex, it is crucial to be able to represent systems at multiple levels of abstraction, so that the design space can be effectively explored by successive refinements and abstractions. We present a formal verification methodology and case studies for property verification of designs represented at different abstraction levels. Utilizing Metropolis meta-model (MMM), Y-chart Application Programmer's Interface (YAPI), an automatic translator, and the model checker SPIN, we verify properties for both system level representations and refined representations.
Targeting aENaC with an epithelial RNAi trigger delivery platform for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (2018)

<b>Objectives:</b> The development of inhaled epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitors has been limited by their short duration of action and renal side effects. To enable durable, renal-sparing therapeutic inhibition, we have utilized Arrowhead’s Targeted RNAi Molecule (TRiM<sup>TM</sup>) technology to develop epithelial-targeted conjugates comprised of an optimized RNAi trigger against αENaC paired with a ligand (EpL) to the epithelial integrin αvβ6. <b>Methods:</b> Uptake of Cy3-labeled EpL conjugates was evaluated in primary epithelial cells and in vivo. In knockdown studies, rats received intratracheal or inhaled aerosol doses of conjugate; ENaC mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> αvβ6 ligands facilitated receptor-mediated, epithelial cell selective uptake of conjugates <i>in vivo</i>. EpL-RNAi conjugates produced deeper, isoform-selective whole-lung αENaC mRNA knockdown at lower exposures than trigger alone and correlated with nearly complete elimination of airway epithelial αENaC protein expression. EpL-RNAi activity was durable, maintaining knockdown for &gt;3 weeks after a single dose and was well-tolerated with no evidence of renal activity. Furthermore, aerosol inhalation studies confirmed that knockdown could be achieved following a single deposited dose of 0.15 mg/kg. <b>Conclusion:</b> EpL-RNAi conjugates employing αvβ6 ligands improve functional delivery of αENaC RNAi triggers to the pulmonary epithelium, producing deep, durable whole-lung mRNA knockdown and reduced airway protein expression. Studies are in progress to define the effects of αENaC knockdown on airway hydration, mucociliary clearance and disease progression in animal models of CF lung disease.
Detection and cloning of LINE-1 elements in CHO cells (2007)

Long interspersed elements (LINEs, L1s) are non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons found in mammalian genomes and account up to 20% of genomic DNA. It has been shown that active L1 elements can cause mutation resulting in disease, genetic variation and polymorphisms and their inactive copies seem to be involved in recombination and rearrangement. L1-encoded products have been detected in a number of tissues including mammalian germ cell tumours, breast carcinomas and a large variety of transformed mouse and human cell lines.Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are widely used in the manufacture of recombinant proteins for biopharmaceuticals. Here, we investigated the transcriptional activity of hamster L1 elements in CHO-K1 cells. These cells were analysed for the presence of L1 RNA transcripts. The sequence, which is homologous to mammalian L1 elements, was cloned from hamster genomic DNA and used to design primers for RT-PCR. L1 transcripts were detected in CHO-K1 RNA.
Thymocyte clones from 14‐day mouse embryos II. Transcription of T3γ gene may precede rearrangement of TcRδ and expression of T3δ, T3ε and T11 genes (1988)

We have studied the state of TcR delta gene and the expression of T3 delta, T3 epsilon, T3 gamma and T11 (CD2) genes in the fetal thymocyte (FT) clones A2, G15, H5, E10, D5, H12, F1 and D11 obtained from a 14-day B10.BR mouse fetal thymus. The eight FT clones contain the TcR delta gene in the germ-line configuration as determined by Southern blot analysis. With the exception of clones E10 and D5, the other six FT clones express normal sized transcripts for T3 gamma gene and none of the eight FT clones produced detectable RNA transcripts for T3 delta, T3 epsilon and T11 genes as assessed by Northern blot analysis. Together with our previous work showing that all eight FT clones contain the TcR gamma and the TcR beta gene clusters in the germ-line configuration, the data indicate that the FT clones represent the earliest stage of T cell development identified within the thymus. Our results provide evidence that (a) the T3 gamma gene is the first of the genes that encode components of a TcR/T3 complex to be expressed in ontogeny within the thymus; (b) the T3 (delta, epsilon, gamma) genes are switched on asynchronously and their expression must be differentially regulated, and (c) the T11 gene product may not be involved in early stages of T cell development within the thymus.
Denaturing Urea Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (Urea PAGE) (2009)

Urea PAGE or denaturing urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis employs 6-8 M urea, which denatures secondary DNA or RNA structures and is used for their separation in a polyacrylamide gel matrix based on the molecular weight. Fragments between 2 to 500 bases, with length differences as small as a single nucleotide, can be separated using this method(1). The migration of the sample is dependent on the chosen acrylamide concentration. A higher percentage of polyacrylamide resolves lower molecular weight fragments. The combination of urea and temperatures of 45-55 degrees C during the gel run allows for the separation of unstructured DNA or RNA molecules. In general this method is required to analyze or purify single stranded DNA or RNA fragments, such as synthesized or labeled oligonucleotides or products from enzymatic cleavage reactions. In this video article we show how to prepare and run the denaturing urea polyacrylamide gels. Technical tips are included, in addition to the original protocol (1,2).
Mechanism of Shunting of Nanocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Deposited on Rough Ag/ZnO Substrates (2007)

Using a textured substrate is a basic requirement for light trapping in a thin film solar cell. In this contribution, the structure of μc-Si:H n-i-p solar cells developed on a rough Ag/ZnO coated glass substrate is carefully studied, in order to understand the substrate surface morphology dependence of solar cell properties, especially of the yield of working cells. From cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images it is clear that cells developed on substrates with tilted large Ag crystal grains contain pinholes that result in short-circuiting of the entire device. The formation of these pinholes is due to the inability of conformal coverage of the sub-micron sized cavities that are created by these Ag grains. Controlling the Ag deposition temperature is found to be essential to have a well performing μc-Si:H n-i-p cell.
Wireless Power Receiver with Wide Dynamic Range for Biomedical Implants (2019)

A wireless power receiver with wide input power dynamic range is proposed. It includes a Dickson charge pump for low power region and an active rectifier for high efficiency at high power region. A boost converter charges battery up to 4.2V and charging current monitor enables dynamic mode change between charge pump and active rectifier, those which should not operate simultaneously. Wide input dynamic range of 31dB (-12.5 ~ 18.5dBm) is achieved by the dynamic mode change. The measured maximum efficiency is 60%. An in-vitro experiment is performed with human body simulant solution.
Ptychographic Imaging of Nano-Materials at the Advanced Light Source with the Nanosurveyor Instrument (2017)

We present a new ptychographic x-ray microscope dedicated to soft x-ray tomography and spectromicroscopy of nano-materials at the Advanced Light Source. The microscope utilizes an ultra-stable, high performance scanning mechanism with laser interferometer feedback for sample positioning and a fast frame rate charge-coupled device detector for soft x-ray diffraction measurements. The microscope can achieve point scan rates of 120 Hz with 1 nm RMS positioning accuracy. A high performance data pipeline has been developed which enables real time ptychographic reconstructions and user-friendly operation. This instrument, called The Nanosurveyor, can achieve a spatial resolution at least 10 times finer than the x-ray spot size in both two and three dimensions with sensitivity to electronicand magnetic states of nano-materials. In this paper we demonstrate the tomographic and spectromicroscopic capability of the Nanosurveyor instrument. At high brightness x-ray sources this instrument will enable spectromicroscopy and tomography of materials with diffraction limited spatial resolution.
Estimation of images degraded by film-grain noise (1978)

Film-grain noise describes the intrinsic noise produced by a photographic emulsion during the process of image recording and reproduction. In this paper we consider the restoration of images degraded by film-grain noise. First a detailed model for the over-all photographic imaging system is presented. The model includes linear blurring effects and the signal-dependent effect of film-grain noise. The accuracy of this model is tested by simulating images according to it and comparing the results to images of similar targets that were actually recorded on film. The restoration of images degraded by film-grain noise is then considered in the context of estimation theory. A discrete Wiener filer is developed which explicitly allows for the signal dependence of the noise. The filter adaptively alters its characteristics based on the nonstationary first order statistics of an image and is shown to have advantages over the conventional Wiener filter. Experimental results for modeling and the adaptive estimation filter are presented.
Quantum estimation via sequential measurements (2015)

The problem of estimating a parameter of a quantum system through a series of measurements performed sequentially on a quantum probe is analyzed in the general setting where the underlying statistics is explicitly non-i.i.d. We present a generalization of the central limit theorem in the present context, which under fairly general assumptions shows that as the number $N$ of measurement data increases the probability distribution of functionals of the data (e.g., the average of the data) through which the target parameter is estimated becomes asymptotically normal and independent of the initial state of the probe. At variance with the previous studies [M. Gu\c{t}\u{a}, Phys. Rev. A 83, 062324 (2011); M. van Horssen and M. Gu\c{t}\u{a}, J. Math. Phys. 56, 022109 (2015)] we take a diagrammatic approach, which allows one to compute not only the leading orders in $N$ of the moments of the average of the data but also those of the correlations among subsequent measurement outcomes. In particular our analysis points out that the latter, which are not available in usual i.i.d. data, can be exploited in order to improve the accuracy of the parameter estimation. An explicit application of our scheme is discussed by studying how the temperature of a thermal reservoir can be estimated via sequential measurements on a quantum probe in contact with the reservoir.
Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions Caused by Altered Gating of KCNQ2/KCNQ3 Potassium Channels (2002)

The muscarinic-regulated potassium current (M-current), formed by the heteromeric assembly of subunits encoded by the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes, is a primary regulator of neuronal excitability; this regulation is accomplished by impeding repetitive firing and causing spike-frequency adaptation. Mutations in KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 cause benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC), a rare autosomal-dominant generalized epilepsy of newborns, by reducing the maximal current carried by the M-channels without affecting ion selectivity or gating properties. Here we show that KCNQ2/KCNQ3 channels carrying a novel BFNC-causing mutation leading to an arginine to tryptophan substitution in the voltage-sensing S4 domain of KCNQ2 subunits (R214W) displayed slower opening and faster closing kinetics and a decreased voltage sensitivity with no concomitant changes in maximal current or plasma membrane expression. These results suggest that mutation-induced gating alterations of the M-current may cause epilepsy in neonates.
Improving acquisition times of elemental bio-imaging for quadrupole-based LA-ICP-MS (2011)

Elemental bio-imaging experiments by quadrupole-based LA-ICP-MS normally employ scan speeds where the distance traversed in one second is equal to or less than the diameter of the laser beam. Consequently, data for a higher-resolution (pixel size = 15 μm2) image of a 5 mm2 tissue section can take upwards of 30 h to acquire. Appropriate laser scan speeds may be calculated by consideration of the relationship between laser scan speed, laser spot diameter and the total scan cycle of the quadrupole mass analyser. This paper presents a simple method to calculate the laser scan speeds capable of reducing the acquisition time by up to a factor of 5 whilst maintaining dimensional integrity of the image.
Recombinant Aspergillus Fumigatus Allergen I/a (rAsp f I/a) in the Diagnosis of Aspergillus Related Diseases (1993)

A. fumigatus allergen I/a (rAsp f I/a) was produced in Escherichia coli, affinity purified by Ni(2+)-chelate chromatography and refolded. rAsp f I/a binds IgE of A. fumigatus-allergic individuals as shown by ELISA, dot blots and Western blots. In addition, rAsp I/a elicited positive immediate type I skin reactions in individuals allergic to A. fumigatus but not in control individuals. Hence, rAsp f I/a can be used as a standardized antigen/allergen for an improved serological and clinical diagnosis of A. fumigatus-associated diseases.
Abstract 671: Beyond Cholesterol Efflux: Defining HDL Function in Atherosclerosis and the Requirement for Procollagen C-Endopeptidase Enhancer Protein 2 (2014)

Recent studies suggest that assessment of high density lipoprotein (HDL) function provides a more reliable metric of athero-protection than plasma concentration alone. One important function attributed to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of HDL, is its ability to accept newly effluxed cholesterol from ATP-binding cassette A-I (ABCA1) to form nascent HDL (nHDL). New studies suggest that the protein, procollagen c-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2 (PCOLCE2; PCPE2), is involved in mediating nHDL particle formation. PCPE2 is a 52 kDa glycoprotein sharing 43% amino acid identity with PCOLCE (PCPE1). Both are secreted into the extracellular matrix where they enhance the catalytic cleavage of the C-terminal propeptides of procollagen catalyzed by bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). The connection between PCPE2 and HDL was discovered after significant correlations were found between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in population studies. Consistent with these findings a recent genome-wide siRNA screening study indicated that PCPE2 was a significant modulator of HDL apoA-I secretion from cells, while other studies in mice lacking PCPE2 showed defective ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, despite elevated plasma HDL. Thus, we began the current studies to determine if the increased plasma HDL, in light of defective cholesterol efflux, would be atheroprotective or atherogenic. PCPE2 null mice were crossed with LDL receptor null mice to obtain double knockout, LDLr -/- , PCPE2 -/- mice. Both LDLr -/- and LDLr -/- , PCPE2 -/- mice were fed an atherogenic diet for 12 wks after which the lipid deposition in the aortic root was evaluated. As expected, LDLr -/- , PCPE2 -/- mice showed elevated levels of enlarged HDL compared to control mice, while LDL levels were similar between the two genotypes. Despite elevations in plasma HDL, LDLr -/- , PCPE2 -/- mice showed significantly more atherosclerosis compared to LDLr -/- mice, similar in extent to that found in mice that lack HDL due to an absence of plasma apoA-I (LDLr -/- , apoA-I -/- ). This outcome suggests that PCPE2 is atheroprotective and likely participates at various levels of HDL metabolism, including HDL production, remodeling and catabolism.
Transient response characteristics of new HVDC transmission system based on new converter transformer (2008)

The new HVDC transmission system adopts the new converter transformer and the corresponding inductive filtering method, and its electrical topology structure is completely different from that of the existential HVDC transmission system. For the change of the controlled system, the transient response characteristics of the new HVDC transmission system will be accordingly changed when it adopts the standard control model that the traditional HVDC transmission system adopts. Referring to the parameters of the main circuit of the CIGRE HVDC first benchmark model, this paper designs a similar benchmark model of the new HVDC transmission system based on the technical characteristics of the new converter transformer and the corresponding inductive filtering method, which mainly contains the rated parameters of the new converter transformer and the inductive filtering device. Then, the typical transient response characteristics of the new HVDC transmission system have been analyzed and simulated by PSCAD/EMTDC. The results express that the new HVDC transmission system, which adopts the standard control model that the HVDC transmission engineering adopts, has a good transient response characteristic, and can operate stably when subjecting to various typical disturbance.
Performance Analysis of OAM Multiplexing Employing SC-FDE in the Presence of Ground Reflection (2020)

This paper presents the theoretical system capacity of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing that employs single-carrier with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) in the presence of ground reflection. Considering that inter-symbol interference (ISI) remains even after inserting a guard interval (GI), in addition to inter-mode interference (IMI), we derive the effect of such residual IMI and ISI, and incorporate their impacts into the analysis of the system capacity. Moreover, in FDE, zeroforcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) are considered as the factors affecting the system capacity because the effect of noise enhancement differs among these two factors. In this study, we demonstrate theoretical results based on the tworay ground reflection model by using parameters of link distance and carrier frequency. The numerical results show that OAM multiplexing employing SC-FDE improves the system capacity compared with the case without FDE regardless of the link distance, and its effectiveness is remarkable in the cases of relatively lower carrier frequencies.
Visual speech synthesis by learning joint probabilistic models of audio and video (2012)

Visual speech synthesis deals with synthesising facial animation from an audio representation of speech. In the last decade or so, data-driven approaches have gained prominence with the development of Machine Learning techniques that can learn an audio-visual mapping. Many of these Machine Learning approaches learn a generative model of speech production using the framework of probabilistic graphical models, through which efficient inference algorithms can be developed for synthesis.In this work, the audio and visual parameters are assumed to be generated from an underlying latent space that captures the shared information between the two modalities. These latent points evolve through time according to a dynamical mapping and there are mappings from the latent points to the audio and visual spaces respectively. The mappings are modelled using Gaussian processes, which are non-parametric models that can represent a distribution over non-linear functions. The result is a non-linear state-space model. It turns out that the state-space model is not a very accurate generative model of speech production because it assumes a single dynamical model, whereas it is well known that speech involves multiple dynamics (for e.g. different syllables) that are generally non-linear. In order to cater for this, the state-space model can be augmented with switching states to represent the multiple dynamics, thus giving a switching state-space model. A key problem is how to infer the switching states so as to model the multiple non-linear dynamics of speech, which we address by learning a variable-order Markov model on a discrete representation of audio speech. Various synthesis methods for predicting visual from audio speech are proposed for both the state-space and switching state-space models.Quantitative evaluation, involving the use of error and correlation metrics between ground truth and synthetic features, is used to evaluate our proposed method in comparison to other probabilistic models previously applied to the problem. Furthermore, qualitative evaluation with human participants has been conducted to evaluate the realism, perceptual characteristics and intelligibility of the synthesised animations. The results are encouraging and demonstrate that by having a joint probabilistic model of audio and visual speech that caters for the non-linearities in audio-visual mapping, realistic visual speech can be synthesised from audio speech.