gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum Power Allocation in Fading MIMO Multiple Access Channels with Partial CSI at the Transmitters (2006)

We consider both the single-user and the multiuser power allocation problems in MIMO systems, where the receiver side has the perfect channel state information (CSI), and the transmitter side has partial CSI, which is in the form of covariance feedback. In a single-user MIMO system, we consider an iterative algorithm that solves for the eigenvalues of the optimum transmit covariance matrix that maximizes the rate. The algorithm is based on enforcing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions of the optimization problem at each iteration. We prove that this algorithm converges to the unique global optimum power allocation when initiated at an arbitrary point. We, then, consider the multi-user generalization of the problem, which is to find the eigenvalues of the optimum transmit covariance matrices of all users that maximize the sum rate of the MIMO multiple access channel (MIMO-MAC). For this problem, we propose an algorithm that finds the unique optimum power allocation policies of all users. At a given iteration, the multi-user algorithm updates the power allocation of one user, given the power allocations of the rest of the users, and iterates over all users in a round-robin fashion. Finally, we make several suggestions that significantly improve the convergence rate of the proposed algorithms.
Application of Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Spectral Karyotyping, and Microarray Analysis in the Identification of Subtype-Specific Patterns of Genomic Changes in Rhabdomyosarcoma (1999)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children occurs predominantly as two major histologically defined subtypes called embryonal RMS (RMS-E) and the prognostically less favorable alveolar RMS (RMS-A). Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed on 21 RMS and identified consistent gains affecting chromosomes 2 (8/10), 5 (5/10), 6 (3/10), 7 (7/10), 8 (9/10), 11 (6/ 10), and 12 (5/10) in RMS-E. Losses/deletions involved chromosomes 19 (2/10) and chromosomes 4, 9, 10, 17, 21 (1/10 each). High copy number amplification, involving the 2p24 region (5/11) and less frequently, the 12q13-21 (2/11), 9p22 (1/11), and 17q22-25 (1/11) regions, was detected in RMS-A. Gene amplification at band 2p24 was present in 6/12 alveolar tumors, and in each case, MYCN was amplified, together with the distally placed DDX1 gene. For these patients there was a shorter disease free interval and a higher mortality than patients with tumors without amplification. Detailed spectral karyotype analysis (SKY) was performed on two RMS cell lines (one of each subtype) and identified a surprisingly high level of structural change. Gene expression studies with the Atlas Human Cancer Array (588 genes) showed that 153 genes generated a signal of similar intensity in both cell lines, and 45 genes appeared to have subtype-specific expression. The chromosomal location of differentially expressed genes was compared to the pattern of genomic alteration in RMS as determined by CGH in this study and the literature.
Optimized retrograde N-well for 1-μm CMOS technology (1986)

Using experiment and simulation, transistors in a high-energy implanted N-well are designed for optimum device performance suitable for 1-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The effect of process parameters on device performance is obtained. Superior body effect, junction capacitance, punchthrough voltage, and subthreshold slope are achieved for 1-/spl mu/m n- and p-channel transistors. With shallow P/P+ epitaxial material, this retrograde N-well approach also provides latch-up immunity for high-density CMOS.
Changes in the annual sea ice freeze-thaw cycle in the Arctic Ocean from 2001 to 2018 (2022)

Abstract. The annual sea ice freeze-thaw cycle plays a crucial role in the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system, regulating the seasonal energy balance of sea ice and the underlying surface ocean. Previous studies of the sea ice freeze-thaw cycle were often based on limited accessible in situ or easily available remotely sensed observations from surface. To better understand the responses of the sea ice to climate change and its coupling to the upper ocean, we combine measurements of the ice surface and bottom using multisource data to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in the freeze-thaw cycle of Arctic sea ice. Observations by 69 sea ice mass balance buoys (IMBs) collected from 2001 to 2018 revealed that the average ice basal melt onset in the Beaufort Gyre occurred on 23 May (±6 d), approximately 17 days earlier than the surface melt onset. And the average ice basal melt onset in the Central Arctic Ocean occurred on 17 June (±9 d), which was comparable with the surface melt onset. This inconsistency was mainly attributed to the difference in the seasonal variations of oceanic heat available to sea ice melt between the two regions. The overall average onset of basal ice growth of the pan Arctic Ocean occurred on 14 November, lagging approximately 3 months behind the surface freeze onset. This temporal delay was caused by a combination of the heat released from sea ice cooling, a heat flux from the ocean mixed layer and subsurface layer, as well as the thermal buffering of snow atop the ice. In the Beaufort Gyre region, both (Lagrangian) IMB observations (2001–2018) and (Eulerian) moored upward looking sonar (ULS) observations (2003–2018) revealed an earlier trend for basal melt onset, mainly linked to earlier warming of surface ocean. An earlier trend of basal ice growth was also identified from the IMB observations (multiyear ice), which we attributed to the overall reduction of ice thickness. In contrast, a delayed trend of basal ice growth was identified from the ULS observations, which was explained by the fact that the ice cover melted almost entirely by the end of summer in the recent years.
Measurement of TNF and iNOS mRNA Using cDNA-Equalized Reverse Transcriptase PCR (2003)

Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification was first introduced in 1985 (1), the combination of reverse transcription with subsequent PCR amplification of the cDNA (RT-PCR) has been an increasingly utilized technique to analyze gene expression (2,3). In order for this procedure to be reasonably quantitative, however, appropriate controls must be applied to all steps, including the quantitation of the original RNA, the reverse transcription, and the PCR itself. Several investigators have published methods on quantitative RT-PCR that involve varying cDNA input into the PCR (3–7), varying cycle number (3,4,8,9), or the use of a competitive template as an internal standard (10,11). However, only a few of the competitive PCR methods take into account the efficency of the reverse transcription phase of RT-PCR (4,7,11), which may vary from 10-50% (12,13). In the former methods, it would also be necessary to amplify another control gene in parallel (e.g., actin) to control for RNA input and reverse transcription.
Quality of medical care during and shortly after acute care restructuring in Newfoundland and Labrador (2005)

Aggregation of acute care hospitals was feasible without attendant deterioration in patient care, and in some areas care improved. However, access to services continued to be a major problem in all regions.
Critical Role for Mouse Marginal Zone B Cells in PF4/Heparin Antibody Production (2012)

Abstract Abstract 1175 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated disorder that can cause fatal arterial or venous thrombosis/thromboembolism. Immune complexes consisting of platelet factor 4 (PF4), heparin and PF4/heparin-reactive antibodies are central to the pathogenesis of HIT. However, the B-cell origin of HIT antibody production is not known. Here we show that upon challenge with PF4/heparin complexes, anti-PF4/heparin antibody production is severely impaired in B cell-specific Notch2-deficient mice (CD19CreNotch2fl/fl) that specifically lack marginal zone (MZ) B cells, and that antibody production is readily generated in wild-type mice (CD19CreNotch2+/+). As expected, Notch2-deficient mice responded normally to challenge with T cell-dependent antigen NP-CGG but not T cell-independent antigen TNP-Ficoll, in agreement with the lack of MZ B cells in the mutant mice. PF4/heparin-specific antibodies produced by wild-type mice on a C57BL/6 background were IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes. An in vitro class-switching assay showed that MZ B cells from wild-type C57BL/6 mice were capable of producing antibodies of IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes. Lastly, MZ, but not follicular (FO), B cells adoptively transferred into B cell-deficient muMT mice responded to PF4/heparin complex challenge by producing PF4/heparin-specific antibodies of IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MZ B cells play a critical role in production of PF4/heparin-specific antibodies. Disclosures: Arepally: Teva Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.
Evaluating the Comprehension of Euler Diagrams (2007)

We describe an empirical investigation into layout criteria that can help with the comprehension of Euler diagrams. Euler diagrams are used to represent set inclusion in applications such as teaching set theory, database querying, software engineering, filing system organisation and bio-informatics. Research in automatically laying out Euler diagrams for use with these applications is at an early stage, and our work attempts to aid this research by informing layout designers about the importance of various Euler diagram aesthetic criteria. The three criteria under investigation were: contour jaggedness, zone area inequality and edge closeness. Subjects were asked to interpret diagrams with different combinations of levels for each of the criteria. Results for this investigation indicate that, within the parameters of the study, all three criteria are important for understanding Euler diagrams and we have a preliminary indication of the ordering of their importance.
Power quality assessment of offshore wind farm based on PSCAD/EMTDC models (2013)

This work aims to carry out an assessment of power quality at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in the scenario of offshore wind farm integrated into the power network whilst reduce the impact of index discrepancy and uncertainty. We acquire the judgmental matrix by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and obtain the index weights for power quality assessment by combining the compatibility matrix methodology and entropy weight method with connection degree modeling in Set Pair Analysis (SPA) theory. The compatibility matrix method can effectively address the challenge that it is difficult to inspect the consistency by judgmental matrix. The power quality index weights determination can vary for different experts. The existing analytical solutions have not thoroughly considered the issue of index discrepancy and uncertainty. We adopt SPA theory to cope with and minimize the certainty and uncertainty which are introduced from the differences of subjective knowledge of experts. The proposed assessment approach is studied through numerical analysis based on the power quality measurements obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC models. The statistical and fuzzy judgmental method is applied to process the measurements. As a result, the power quality assessment can be estimated.
Characterising the linearity of an optically controlled photoconductive microwave switch (2010)

The linearity response of a photoconductive switch on microstrip line is presented at 2GHz. A silicon switch is exposed to incident signal power of up to 1W and controlled via illumination with a range of optical intensities at a wavelength of 980nm in order to characterise the linearity in terms of harmonic content. Reported single tone output third order intercept (TOI) was measured as 63dBm under 200mW of optical incident light. The study presents photoconductive switches as a promising alternative to conventional microwave switches in high power applications.
Repeated dosing of botulinum toxin type A for upper limb spasticity following stroke (2004)

The authors evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in poststroke spasticity patients who completed a 12-week placebo-controlled study and received multiple open-label treatments with 200 to 240 U BTX-A for 42 weeks. Significant and sustained improvements were observed for Disability Assessment and Ashworth scores. Adverse events were generally mild. This extension of a double-blind study demonstrates that repeated treatments of BTX-A significantly improve function and tone in spasticity.
Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir for Previously Treated or Untreated Chronic HCV Infection (2014)

Once-daily oral daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir was associated with high rates of sustained virologic response among patients infected with HCV genotype 1, 2, or 3, including patients with no response to prior therapy with telaprevir or boceprevir. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pharmasset (Gilead); A1444040 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01359644.).
Lossless Video Compression Using A Spatio-Temporal Optimal Predictor (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Fabrication of Polycrystalline Silicon Field Emitter Arrays with Hafnium Carbide Coating for Thin-Film-Transistor Controlled Field Emission Displays (2004)

Hafnium Carbide (HfC)-coated polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) field emitter arrays (FEAs) were fabricated on an oxidized silicon wafer. The HfC coating layer was deposited by inductively coupled plasma-assisted magnetron sputtering. The effect of the HfC thickness on the emission characteristics was investigated by depositing 15-nm- and 30-nm-thick HfC on the tip. The thinner HfC could effectively improve the emission characteristics of poly-Si FEA, while the thicker one degrades the emission. Two methods of tip sharpening were also investigated: one is thermal oxidation sharpening which is commonly used for Si FEA fabrication, and the other is Ar ion sputtering. The apex radius of the thermally oxidized FEA was much smaller than that of the sputter-sharpened one. However, some irregularly shaped tips were found in the oxidized FEA, which are responsible for gate current. The detailed fabrication and emission characteristics, including gate current, will be reported.
Synthesis and Characterization of P2-Na2/3FexMn1-XO2 for Na-Ion Batteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Flow‐Cytometry‐Based Method to Detect Escherichia coli and Shigella Spp. Using 16S rRNA‐Based Probe (2017)

Detection of microbial contamination in foods before they go on to the market can help prevent the occurrence of foodborne illness outbreaks. Current methods for the detection of Escherichia coli are limited by time-consuming procedures, which include multiple culture incubation steps, and require several days to get results. This unit describes the development of an improved rapid flow-cytometry-based detection method that has greater sensitivity and specificity. This method requires less time-to-results (TTR) and can detect a small number of E. coli in the presence of large numbers of other bacteria. Clear step-by-step protocols for cell concentration determination, sample preparation, and flow cytometric analysis are provided. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Note on BDL property of fixed points of primitive morphisms (2022)

We consider an infinite word $\boldsymbol{u}$ fixed by a primitive morphism. We show a necessary condition under which $\boldsymbol{u}$ has a non-trivial geometric representation which is bounded distance equivalent to a lattice.
Formation conditions and the environmental state of fresh groundwater in dimitrovgrad area by isotopic-hydrochemical data (2014)

Integrated uranium-isotopic and microhydrochemical studies were used to develop an indicator model of formation and circulation of drinking groundwater of Neogene-Quaternary deposit and to assess their current ecological state. The paths of subsurface flows of infiltration recharge are identified and traced, and the zones of deep-water inflow are identified and delimited. The total pollution index of groundwater from Neogene-Quaternary aquifer system was found to far in excess of the acceptable level because of an elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, and phosphorus of anthropogenic and deep-seated origin.
Subpicosecond carrier lifetime in beryllium-doped InGaAsP grown by He-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1997)

The carrier dynamics and absorption edges of InGaAsP samples grown by He-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and doped with various concentrations of beryllium are investigated via pump-probe experiments and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy. Carrier lifetimes from 10 to &amp;lt;1 ps are obtained for samples of increasing doping concentrations. The reduced in carrier lifetimes are attributed to Be compensation of the deep donor levels introduced by the He plasma. The carrier lifetime increases with photogenerated carrier density due to trap saturation. The FTIR results reveal sharp absorption edges in this material for doping concentrations up to 1×1018 cm−3. The fast carrier dynamics and the steep absorption edge make this material very attractive for ultrafast optical switching devices for use in high-speed time-division-multiplexing fiber communication systems.
Stepwise or Linear Decrease in Penetrance of Type 1 Diabetes With Lower-Risk HLA Genotypes Over the Past 40 Years (2011)

The change in frequency of multiple different genotypes and a possible stepwise decrease in percent DR3/4 suggest a change in genetic risk factors and environmental determinants of type 1 diabetes. Larger studies are needed to confirm the changing pattern of genetic risk because a stepwise change may have direct bearing on defining critical environmental determinants of type 1 diabetes.
Identical twins discordant for Sotos syndrome (1998)

The cause of Sotos syndrome is unknown but it usually occurs sporadically. Recent studies have shown no evidence of uniparental disomy. One set of concordant monozygotic twins has been reported. We have identified the Sotos syndrome in one of two 5-year-old male monozygotic twins. Our finding of discordance in these identical twins suggests that a postconceptual mutation, or epigenetic change and/or an environmental factor may be involved in the cause of Sotos syndrome.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Constitutively Activates STAT-3 via Oxidative Stress: Role of STAT-3 in HCV Replication (2005)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis, which often results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have previously shown that HCV nonstructural proteins induce activation of STAT-3 via oxidative stress and Ca2+ signaling (G. Gong, G. Waris, R. Tanveer, and A. Siddiqui, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:9599-9604, 2001). In this study, we focus on the signaling pathway leading to STAT-3 activation in response to oxidative stress induced by HCV translation and replication activities. Here, we demonstrate the constitutive activation of STAT-3 in HCV replicon-expressing cells. The HCV-induced STAT-3 activation was inhibited in the presence of antioxidant (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) and Ca2+ chelators (BAPTA-AM and TMB-8). Previous studies have shown that maximum STAT-3 transactivation requires Ser727 phosphorylation in addition to tyrosine phosphorylation. Using a series of inhibitors and dominant negative mutants, we show that HCV-induced activation of STAT-3 is mediated by oxidative stress and influenced by the activation of cellular kinases, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, JNK, JAK-2, and Src. Our results also suggest a potential role of STAT-3 in HCV RNA replication. We also observed the constitutive activation of STAT-3 in the liver biopsy of an HCV-infected patient. These studies provide an insight into the mechanisms by which HCV induces intracellular events relevant to liver pathogenesis associated with the viral infection.
Synthesis of novel azole functionalized trifluoromethyl pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives and their antimicrobial activity (2022)

Novel azole functionalized pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives 6a-l were prepared starting from 2-Amino- 6-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile 1 reacting with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of conc. H2SO4 and further reaction with bromoethyl acetate to obtain 3a and 3b. Compounds 3a and 3b further reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford hydrazide compounds 4a and 4b. Compounds 4a and 4b on treating with phenylisothiocyanate give compound 5a and b. Compound 5a and 5b on reaction with different reagents (NaOH, H2SO4 and N2H4.H2O) produced different azole-substituted (triazolothione, thiadiazole, triazole) functionalized trifluoromethyl pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives 6a-l respectively. All the products 6a–l were screened against gram +ve, gram –ve bacteria and fungal strains. Compounds 6ad showed promising activity against Bacillus subtilis microbial-type culture collection (MTCC) 121 at &lt;25.6 micromolar concentration. Promising compounds were further screened for minimum bactericidal concentration against B. subtilis MTCC 121 using ciprofloxacin as standard reference and found to show very good activity. These compounds also screened for biofilm inhibition activity against B. subtilis MTCC 121 using erythromycin as standard confirming the high activity.
CuO/Cu2O Nanostructured Films for Gas Sensors (2019)

The CuO/Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O nanostructured films were synthesized via a simple chemical solution based method (SCS). The morphological properties were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The elaborated sensors based on nanocrystalline films of CuO/Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O were tested to hydrogen gas. It was observed that thermal treatment at different temperatures in air can induce changes in morphology of the films and also change the gas response to the tested gas. The gas sensing mechanism of non-planar CuO/Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O films to the hydrogen gas was proposed.
Low‐Pressure Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by an Iron Pincer Complex Exhibiting Noble Metal Activity (2011)

A highly active iron catalyst for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and bicarbonates works under remarkably low pressures and achieves activities similar to some of the best noble metal catalysts. A mechanism is proposed involving the direct attack of an iron trans-dihydride on carbon dioxide, followed by ligand exchange and dihydrogen coordination.
Bifunctional Triterpene/Sesquarterpene Cyclase: Tetraprenyl-β-curcumene Cyclase Is Also Squalene Cyclase in Bacillus megaterium (2011)

This study demonstrates that a tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase, which was originally identified as a sesquarterpene cyclase that converts a head-to-tail type of monocycle to a pentacycle, also cyclizes a tail-to-tail type of linear squalene into a bicyclic triterpenol, 8α-hydroxypolypoda-13,17,21-triene. The 8α-hydroxypolypoda-13,17,21-triene was found to be a natural triterpene from B. megaterium. It was also demonstrated that cyclizations of both tetraprenyl-β-curcumene and squalene occurred with a purified B. megaterium TC homologue in the same reaction mixture. These results suggest that the tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase is bifunctional, cyclizing both tetraprenyl-β-curcumene and squalene in vivo. This is the first report describing a bifunctional terpene cyclase, which biosynthesizes two classes of cyclic terpenes with different numbers of carbons as natural products in the organism.