gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling and stochastic cascade properties of NEMO oceanic simulations and their potential value for GCM evaluation and downscaling (2014)

Abstract Spectral scaling properties have already been evidenced on oceanic numerical simulations and have been subject to several interpretations. They can be used to evaluate classical turbulence theories that predict scaling with specific exponents and to evaluate the quality of GCM outputs from a statistical and multiscale point of view. However, a more complete framework based on multifractal cascades is able to generalize the classical but restrictive second‐order spectral framework to other moment orders, providing an accurate description of probability distributions of the fields at multiple scales. The predictions of this formalism still needed systematic verification in oceanic GCM while they have been confirmed recently for their atmospheric counterparts by several papers. The present paper is devoted to a systematic analysis of several oceanic fields produced by the NEMO oceanic GCM. Attention is focused to regional, idealized configurations that permit to evaluate the NEMO engine core from a scaling point of view regardless of limitations involved by land masks. Based on classical multifractal analysis tools, multifractal properties were evidenced for several oceanic state variables (sea surface temperature and salinity, velocity components, etc.). While first‐order structure functions estimated a different nonconservativity parameter H in two scaling ranges, the multiorder statistics of turbulent fluxes were scaling over almost the whole available scaling range. This multifractal scaling was then parameterized with the help of the universal multifractal framework, providing parameters that are coherent with existing empirical literature. Finally, we argue that the knowledge of these properties may be useful for oceanographers. The framework seems very well suited for the statistical evaluation of OGCM outputs. Moreover, it also provides practical solutions to simulate subpixel variability stochastically for GCM downscaling purposes. As an independent perspective, the existence of multifractal properties in oceanic flows seems also interesting for investigating scale dependencies in remote sensing inversion algorithms.
The long-term results and prognostic significance of cutaneous melanoma surgery using sentinel node biopsy with triple technique (2015)

The long-term results confirm crucial prognostic significance of SLN biopsy in cutaneous melanoma. We identified factors related to NSLN involvement, which in the future may limit indications for CLND.
Synthesis and Electrode Properties of Nanocrystalline Lithium Copper Iron Oxide Cathodes (2002)

Lithium copper iron oxides have been synthesized by a solution-based procedure involving the oxidation of a mixture consisting of and ions with the oxidizing agent in presence of The samples before and after heat-treatment at various temperatures (200-800°C) have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The composition of the product is controlled by the concentration of the reactants. TEM data reveal the 200°C samples to be nanocrystalline although X-ray diffraction does not show any discernible reflections. The 200-300°C heated samples show high initial capacity of around 300 mAh/g in the voltage range of 1.5 to 4.3 V. With optimized compositions, a reversible capacity of around 230 mAh/g could be achieved with good cyclability. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
LDACS1 conformance and compatibility assessment (2014)

In this paper the results of conformance and compatibility measurements of an L-band Digital Aeronautical Communication System Type 1 (LDACS1) transmitter are presented. The measurements were performed at the Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering (EMCE) of TU Vienna as well as in the labs of the German air navigation service provider Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH (DFS) in connection with the SESAR project P15.2.4. Prior to the deployment of any new aviation communication system, the compatibility towards legacy systems has to be confirmed. For this purpose, an LDACS1 transmitter prototype was developed by Frequentis AG/TU Vienna to validate the LDACS1 system specification and prove the spectral compatibility of LDACS1 with the legacy L-band systems (e.g. DME, SSR, and UAT). Previous analysis has indicated that the DME/TACAN-LDACS coexistence is one of the most critical scenarios due to its wide and extensive use in the civil aviation.
Two months of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide with and without interval reinduction therapy compared with 6 months of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in positive-node breast cancer patients with tamoxifen-nonresponsive tumors: results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-15. (1990)

The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) implemented protocol B-15 to compare 2 months of Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) and cyclophosphamide (AC) with 6 months of conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) in patients with breast cancer nonresponsive to tamoxifen (TAM, T). A second aim was to determine whether AC followed in 6 months by intravenous (IV) CMF was more effective than AC without reinduction therapy. Through 3 years of follow-up, findings from 2,194 patients indicate no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS, P = .5), distant disease-free survival (DDFS, P = .5) or survival (S, P = .8) among the three groups. Since the outcome from AC and CMF was almost identical, the issue arises concerning which regimen is more appropriate for the treatment of breast cancer patients. AC seems preferable since, following total mastectomy, AC was completed on day 63 versus day 154 for conventional CMF; patients visited health professionals three times as often for conventional CMF as for AC; women on AC received therapy on each of 4 days versus on each of 84 days for conventional CMF; and nausea-control medication was given for about 84 days to conventional CMF patients versus for about 12 days to patients on AC. The difference in the amount of alopecia between the two treatment groups was less than anticipated. While alopecia was almost universally observed following AC therapy, 71% of the CMF patients also had hair loss and, in 41%, the loss was greater than 50%. This study and NSABP B-16, which evaluates the worth of AC therapy in TAM-responsive patients, indicate the merit of 2 months of AC therapy for all positive-node breast cancer patients.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cooperation between c-Met and Focal Adhesion Kinase Family Members in Medulloblastoma and Implications for Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 163K&lt;/p&gt;
Non-contact optical system for detecting ultrasound waves from a surface (2023)

A system for detecting pressure, acoustic or ultrasound waves within an entity having a surface including the steps of attaching a signal converting material to the surface. The waves are generated by direct ejection from the surface, generation via energy deposition on the surface, generated spontaneously or, generated by directing light energy to the light absorbing target. The absorbing target subsequently generates acoustic pressure waves. The acoustic waves propagate to the surface of the entity and the signal converting material, wherein the acoustic pressure waves create vibrations in the signal converting material; and detecting the waves in the signal converting material with an optical detection system. Information about the absorbing target is obtained by the absorbing target reflecting the waves. The signal converting material can be a gel-like material containing optical elements, a multi-layer patch, or other material.
Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals How the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Shapes Cellular Differentiation Potency in the Mouse Colon (2021)

Despite recent progress recognizing the importance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-dependent signaling in suppressing colon tumorigenesis, its role in regulating colonic crypt homeostasis remains unclear. To assess the effects of Ahr on intestinal epithelial cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes, we utilized single-cell transcriptomics and advanced analytic strategies to generate a high-quality atlas for colonic intestinal crypts from wild-type and intestinal-specific Ahr knockout mice. Here we observed the promotive effects of Ahr deletion on <i>Foxm1</i>-regulated genes in crypt-associated canonical epithelial cell types and subtypes of goblet cells and deep crypt-secretory cells. We also show that intestinal Ahr deletion elevated single-cell entropy (a measure of differentiation potency or cell stemness) and RNA velocity length (a measure of the rate of cell differentiation) in noncycling and cycling <i>Lgr5<sup>+</sup></i> stem cells. In general, intercellular signaling cross-talk via soluble and membrane-bound factors was perturbed in Ahr-null colonocytes. Taken together, our single-cell RNA sequencing analyses provide new evidence of the molecular function of Ahr in modulating putative stem cell driver genes, cell potency lineage decisions, and cell-cell communication <i>in vivo</i>. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Our mouse single-cell RNA sequencing analyses provide new evidence of the molecular function of Ahr in modulating colonic stemness and cell-cell communication <i>in vivo</i>. From a cancer prevention perspective, Ahr should be considered a therapeutic target to recalibrate remodeling of the intestinal stem cell niche.
Authentication Protocols Making Use of Context Free Grammar: Guessing Strings (2004)

Until now context free grammars (CFG) have been used mainly for the design of programming languages. There have been several studies, which demonstrate the relationship between learning theory and number theory. This paper presents protocols, which use context free languages for an authentication protocol using one-time authentication information. This authentication information can be used for the generation of one-time passwords. This paper also analyses of the difficulty of guessing strings in such a language. The paper further discusses structured and unstructured techniques for generating strings, which is a part of ongoing work. We present here our approach and some of our early results.
Image-derived spectral endmembers as indicators of salinisation (2003)

The objective of this research is to evaluate the utility of HyMap hyperspectral imagery for characterising and mapping irrigation-induced salinisation. Strategies for extracting and mapping spectral endmembers from HyMap imagery are assessed and a mixture-tuned matched filter approach adopted. Soil and vegetation indicators of salinisation are identified. Disturbed bare ground due to ploughing operations can be differentiated from bare ground due to salinisation. Three saline soil endmembers can be mapped and these relate well to the surface expressions of soil salinity as measured by ground geophysics. Increased salinisation is shown in the spectra of image-derived soil endmembers by the appearance of an infrared reflectance plateau between 800 nm and 1100 nm, hydrate-related absorption features at 1010 nm, 1180 nm, 1780 nm, 1950 nm and 2210 nm, the decrease in intensity (depth) of the hydroxyl absorption feature at 2200 nm and the widening of the water absorption features at 1950 nm and 1400 nm. Image-derived vegetation indicators of salinisation correspond with halophytic vegetation comprising the 'succulent' species of Samphire and Sea Blite and two species of native grasses. Classification of pixels according to the highest mixture-tuned matched filter score corresponds well with an independent assessment of the groundcover conditions prevailing at the time of image acquisition.
Syndrome métabolique et diabète chez l'Homme. Composition lipidique et oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) plasmatiques en relation avec l'activation des plaquettes sanguines. (2010)

Type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with increased oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. Platelet hyperactivation and dyslipoproteinemia are two major factors favoring atherothrombosis. We have shown that low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from type-2 diabetic patients activate platelets from healthy volunteers. The primary objective of our study was to establish the lipid and lipid peroxide profile of LDL isolated from plasma of volunteers with a metabolic syndrome (SM), of type-1 (DT-1) or type-2 (DT-2) diabetic patients compared to LDL from healthy volunteers (V). The second objective was to explore their role in platelet activation. Only LDL from MS and DT-2 groups have lipid abnormalities (increased triacylglycerols and decreased cholesteryl esters, decreased linoleic acid). LDL from SM, DT-1 and DT-2 groups show oxidative stress as assessed by increased lipid peroxide derivatives (hydroxylated fatty acids, malondialdehyde) and decreased plasmalogens. Compared to platelets incubated with LDL from the V group, platelets incubated with LDL from other groups are activated as shown by the enhancement of the arachidonic acid signalling cascade (p38 MAPK, cytosolic phospholipase A2, thromboxane B2). Thus, in a pre-diabetic state and in type-2 diabetes, LDL undergo lipid and oxidative modifications and activate platelets. Our results show that lipid peroxides in LDL could be the common denominator underlying platelet hyperactivation.
Detecting and Treating Occlusal Caries Lesions (2014)

The health gains and costs resulting from using different caries detection strategies might not only depend on the accuracy of the used method but also the treatment emanating from its use in different populations. We compared combinations of visual-tactile, radiographic, or laser-fluorescence-based detection methods with 1 of 3 treatments (non-, micro-, and invasive treatment) initiated at different cutoffs (treating all or only dentinal lesions) in populations with low or high caries prevalence. A Markov model was constructed to follow an occlusal surface in a permanent molar in an initially 12-y-old male German patient over his lifetime. Prevalence data and transition probabilities were extracted from the literature, while validity parameters of different methods were synthesized or obtained from systematic reviews. Microsimulations were performed to analyze the model, assuming a German health care setting and a mixed public-private payer perspective. Radiographic and fluorescence-based methods led to more overtreatments, especially in populations with low prevalence. For the latter, combining visual-tactile or radiographic detection with microinvasive treatment retained teeth longest (mean 66 y) at lowest costs (329 and 332 Euro, respectively), while combining radiographic or fluorescence-based detections with invasive treatment was the least cost-effective (<60 y, >700 Euro). In populations with high prevalence, combining radiographic detection with microinvasive treatment was most cost-effective (63 y, 528 Euro), while sensitive detection methods combined with invasive treatments were again the least cost-effective (<59 y, >690 Euro). The suitability of detection methods differed significantly between populations, and the cost-effectiveness was greatly influenced by the treatment initiated after lesion detection. The accuracy of a detection method relative to a "gold standard" did not automatically convey into better health or reduced costs. Detection methods should be evaluated not only against their criterion validity but also the long-term effects resulting from their use in different populations.
Geologic interpretation of reflection data (1995)

Interpretation, as we use the word in this chapter, involves determining the geologic significance of seismic data. This necessarily involves geologic terminology and we follow the usage in Bates and Jackson (1987). Interpretation also sometimes includes data reduction, selecting events believed to be primary reflections, and locating the reflectors with which they are associated. Indeed, a number of decisions have to be made in data processing, acquisition, and even in the initial planning of a survey that prejudice the geologic conclusions and thus could be legitimately included as part of interpretation.
Integrating LIDAR into Stereo for Fast and Improved Disparity Computation (2011)

The fusion of stereo and laser range finders (LIDARs) has been proposed as a method to compensate for each individual sensor's deficiencies - stereo output is dense, but noisy for large distances, while LIDAR is more accurate, but sparse. However, stereo usually performs poorly on textureless areas and on scenes containing repetitive structures, and the subsequent fusion with LIDAR leads to a degraded estimation of the 3D structure. In this paper, we propose to integrate LIDAR data directly into the stereo algorithm to reduce false positives while increasing the density of the resulting disparity image on textureless regions. We demonstrate with extensive experimental results with real data that the disparity estimation is substantially improved while speeding up the stereo computation by as much as a factor of five.
Development of a spectrophotometric method for the quantification of c-phycocyanin in the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (2023)

<title>Abstract</title> The current study presents the development of a reliable method for the quantification of c-phycocyanin. It was found that the spectrophotometric method commonly used for c-phycocyanin quantification tends to overestimate the actual amount of c-phycocyanin in <italic>AFA</italic> samples. Thus, the aim of this study was to account for c-phycocyanin variation between cyanobacteria species in order to reliably adapt the spectrophotometric quantification method of c-phycocyanin for <italic>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae</italic> (<italic>AFA</italic>). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to avoid interference between molecules. The existing spectrophotometric equations for the quantification of <italic>AFA</italic> c-phycocyanin were adapted using a c-phycocyanin standard. The method was then used to obtain a new set of spectrophotometric quantification equations that were adapted to the strain of interest and ensured the accuracy of c-phycocyanin quantification while continuing to use a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for pigment quantification. The method developed here could be adapted to improve the quantification methods for other types of phycocyanin, cyanobacteria, or even other compounds of interest that are currently quantified by spectrophotometry.
Two-dimensional OPV4 self-assembly and its coadsorption with alkyl bromide: from helix to lamellar (2009)

Two-dimensional self-assembly of OPV4 molecule and its coadsorption with C(18)H(37)Br are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) revealing a structural difference and transition from helix to lamellar.
Indentation Determination of Fatigue Limits in Silicate Glasses (1999)

An experimental approach has been used to measure the threshold stress intensity factor ( K th ) for subcritical crack growth in brittle materials using indentation cracks. The data show that K th values existed in soda‐lime‐silica and soda‐alumina‐silica glasses that were tested in a neutral aqueous environment. For the former glass, tests also were performed in acidic and basic solutions. A threshold for subcritical crack growth was observed for acidic conditions but not for alkaline conditions.
Analog, ESD, and EOS (2014)

The chapter opens with a discussion of analog design principles associated with matching and design symmetry. It also discusses electrical overstress (EOS) and its relationship to other phenomena, such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), electromagnetic interference (EMI), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and latchup. EOS is defined as well in terms of electrical over-current, electrical over-power, and other concepts. In our discussion, there is an emphasis on ESD and EOS events on analog applications. As a result, the text will draw distinctions through the textbook on difference of failure analysis, time constants, and other means of identification and classification. A plan to define safe operating area (SOA) and its role in EOS is also emphasized. In this chapter, the foundation for discussion of analog is laid.
Exploratory Study of the Cardiac Dynamic Trajectory in the Embedding Space (2016)

In this paper, the topological and dynamical properties of the heart sounds are assessed. The signal is preprocessed and projected into an embedding subspace, which is more suitable to detect the irregularities and the unstable trajectories registered during the cardiac murmurs than the original heart sound signal.
Effects of the Microstructure and the Testing Conditions for the Detectability of the Small Flaw in Ultrasonic Testing (1989)

Effects of the microstructure and the testing conditions for the detectability of the small flaw in ultrasonic testing have been studied. The detectability of the flaw was influenced not only by the grain size but also by the microstructure of the test piece. This is considered to be caused by randomization of the matrix which influences the elastic anisotropy of the grain. It was found that the detectability was improved as the frequence became higher and the beam size became smaller. The experimental results indicate that ultrasonic backscattering measurement is one of the promising methods to evaluate the detectability of the flaw indirectly.
Serological Response to Pasteurella multocida NanH Sialidase in Persistently Colonized Rabbits (2004)

Pasteurella multocida is a mucosal pathogen that colonizes the upper respiratory system of rabbits. Respiratory infections can result, but the bacteria can also invade the circulatory system, producing abscesses or septicemia. P. multocida produces extracellular sialidase activity, which is believed to augment colonization of the respiratory tract and the production of lesions in an active infection. Previously, it was demonstrated that some isolates of P. multocida contain two unique sialidase genes, nanH and nanB, that encode enzymes with different substrate specificities (S. Mizan, A. D. Henk, A. Stallings, M. Meier, J. J. Maurer, and M. D. Lee, J. Bacteriol. 182:6874-6883, 2000). We developed a recombinant antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the NanH sialidase of P. multocida and demonstrated that rabbits that were experimentally colonized with P. multocida produce detectable anti-NanH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in serum, although they demonstrated no clinical signs of pasteurellosis. In addition, clinically ill pet rabbits infected with P. multocida possessed IgM and/or IgG antibody against NanH. The NanH ELISA may be useful for the diagnosis of P. multocida infections in sick rabbits as well as for screening for carriers in research rabbit colonies.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: role of the NLRP3 inflammasome (2016)

These findings indicate that individuals with a defective intestinal barrier function and pre-existing inflammatory condition, such as IBD, might be negatively impacted by the use of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.
Preparation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Thin Film by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1988)

Y-Ba-Cu-O film was prepared by chemical vapor deposition using tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)yttrium(III) (Y(DPM) 3 ), bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)barium(II) (Ba(HFA) 2 ) and bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)copper(II) (Cu(HFA) 2 ). Superconducting transition was observed with T c (onset)=83 K and T c ( R =0)=65 K for these CVD films after an annealing process. Typical films of Y-Ba-Cu-O on a (001) SrTiO 3 substrate exhibited the presence of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y according to X-ray diffraction patterns.