gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Detection of Abnormal Events in Videos with Binary Features (2018)

Millions of surveillance cameras are currently installed in public places around the world, making it necessary to intelligently analyse the acquired data to detect the occurrence of abnormal events. A vast number of methods to detect such events have been recently proposed; unfortunately, there is a lack of methods capable of detecting these events as frames are acquired, also known as online processing. In this paper, we present an online framework for video anomaly detection that employs binary features to encode motion information, and low-complexity probabilistic models for detection. Evaluation results on the popular UCSD dataset and on a recently introduced real-event video surveillance dataset show that our framework outperforms non-online and online methods.
6A-O-[(4-Biphenylyl)acetyl]-α-, -β-, and -γ-cyclodextrins and6A-Deoxy-6A-[[(4-biphenylyl)acetyl]amino]-α-, -β-, and -γ-cyclodextrins:  Potential Prodrugs for Colon-Specific Delivery (1997)

Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are known to be fermented to small saccharides by colonic microflora, whereas they are only slightly hydrolyzable and thus are not easily absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. This property of CyDs is particularly useful for colon-specific delivery of drugs. In this study, an antiinflammatory 4-biphenylylacetic acid (BPAA) was selectively conjugated onto one of the primary hydroxyl groups of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CyDs through an ester or amide linkage, 6A-O-[(4-biphenylyl)acetyl[-alpha-, -beta-, and -gamma-CyDs (1-3) and 6A-deoxy-6A-[[(4-biphenylyl)acetyl]amino]-alpha-, -beta-, and -gamma-CyDs (4-6). In rat cecal and colonic contents (10%, w/v), 1 and 3 released more than 95% of BPAA within 1-2 h, and 2 released about 50% of the drug within 12 h. The amide prodrugs, 4-6, did not release BPAA in the cecal contents, but gave BPAA/maltose or BPAA/triose conjugates linked through an amide bond. On the other hand, these prodrugs were found to be stable in the contents of rat stomachs and small intestines, in intestinal or liver homogenates, and in rat blood. The serum levels of BPAA increased about 3 h after oral administration of 1 and 3 to rats, accompanying a marked increase in the serum levels, whereas 2 and 4-6 resulted in little increase of the serum levels. These facts suggest that BPAA is released after the ring opening of CyDs followed by the ester hydrolysis, and the BPAA activation takes place site-specifically in the cecum and colon. Therefore, the present CyD prodrug approach provides a versatile means of constructing a novel colon-specific drug delivery system.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1992)

The molecular basis of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy continues to be examined. Linkage of the clinical phenotype to a locus on chromosome 14 has been established in five families. Two other families had a sufficiently negative logarithm of the odds score to establish nonlinkage and thus genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in the DNA encoding β-cardiac myosin heavy chain have been revealed in three of the five families. However, the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. How do abnormalities in the myosin gene cause myocardial hypertrophy, myocyte disarray, and the clinical abnormalities of hyperdynamic systolic function and impaired diastolic function? The recent demonstration of increased and disorganized matrix connective tissue may contribute to emptying and filling abnormalities but is not an obvious consequence of a myosin defect. Management is aimed at improving symptoms and identifying patients, particularly young patients, who are at an increased risk of sudden death. In adults, there is a 2% to 3% annual mortality from sudden death, and a useful algorithm has been established. In the young, the majority of those who die suddenly (4% to 6% per year) do not have these risk factors. A broader consideration of potential mechanisms is needed with the development of a practical electrophysiologic approach to the identification of those with “electrical instability.”
Brn3c null mutant mice show long-term, incomplete retention of some afferent inner ear innervation (2003)

The limited expression of neurotrophins in the cochlea of Brn3c null mice suffices to support many sensory neurons, particularly in the cochlea, until birth. The molecular nature of the long term survival of apical spiral neurons remains unclear.
Determination of polypropylene glycol extracted from polymers into food-simulating solvents (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of polypropylene glycol extracted from polymers into food-simulating solventsTore. Ramstad, T. J. Nestrick, and R. H. StehlCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 9, 1325–1327Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50031a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (369 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: The New Binary Intermetallic YbGe2.83. (2010)

Abstract The new title compound is obtained as a byproduct in the reaction of Yb, Ge, and Ag or Pd in liquid In (alumina crucible in a sealed silica tube, 1000 °C, 5 h).
Influence of pyrolysis temperature on lead immobilization by chemically modified coconut fiber-derived biochars in aqueous environments (2016)

Biochar has received widespread attention as an eco-friendly and efficient material for immobilization of toxic heavy metals in aqueous environments. In the present study, three types of coconut fiber-derived biochars were obtained by pyrolyzing at three temperatures, i.e., 300, 500, and 700 °C. In addition, nine types of biochars were prepared by chemical modification with ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric acid, respectively, which were used to investigate changes in physico-chemical properties by inter alia, Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and BET specific surface area analysis. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to determine the sorption capacity of the biochars for lead (Pb) in aqueous solutions. Results showed that the cation exchange capacity of biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and modified with nitric acid increased threefold compared to the control. Loosely corrugated carbon surface and uneven carbon surface of the biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C were produced during ammonia and nitric acid modifications. Removal rate of Pb by the coconut biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and modified with ammonia was increased from 71.8 to 99.6 % compared to the untreated biochar in aqueous solutions containing 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup> Pb. However, chemical modification did not enhance adsorption of Pb of the biochars pyrolyzed at higher temperatures (e.g., 500 or 700 °C), indicating that resistance of biochars to chemical treatment increased with pyrolysis temperature.
Massive mining of publicly available RNA-seq data from human and mouse (2018)

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is the leading technology for genome-wide transcript quantification. However, publicly available RNA-seq data is currently provided mostly in raw form, a significant barrier for global and integrative retrospective analyses. ARCHS4 is a web resource that makes the majority of published RNA-seq data from human and mouse available at the gene and transcript levels. For developing ARCHS4, available FASTQ files from RNA-seq experiments from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were aligned using a cloud-based infrastructure. In total 187,946 samples are accessible through ARCHS4 with 103,083 mouse and 84,863 human. Additionally, the ARCHS4 web interface provides intuitive exploration of the processed data through querying tools, interactive visualization, and gene pages that provide average expression across cell lines and tissues, top co-expressed genes for each gene, and predicted biological functions and protein-protein interactions for each gene based on prior knowledge combined with co-expression.
Broad Neutralization of H1 and H3 Viruses by Adjuvanted Influenza HA Stem Vaccines in Non-human Primates (2021)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Targeted delivery of an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid to Ly6C/G-positive cells abates severity of influenza A symptoms (2022)

The distribution of Ly6C/G-positive cells in response to an infection of the mouse respiratory tract with influenza A virus was followed noninvasively over time by immuno-positron emission tomography. We converted nanobodies that recognize Ly6C and Ly6G, markers of neutrophils and other myeloid cells, as well as an influenza hemagglutinin-specific nanobody, into <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled PEGylated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. The PET images showed strong accumulation of these imaging agents in the lungs of infected mice. Immunohistochemistry of influenza virus-infected mice and control mice, injected with a biotinylated and PEGylated version of the Ly6C/G-specific nanobody, showed the presence of abundant Ly6C/G-positive myeloid cells and positivity for Ly6C/G on bronchial epithelium in influenza virus-infected mice. This is consistent with focal inflammation in the lungs, a finding that correlated well with the immuno-PET results. No such signals were detected in control mice. Having shown by PET the accumulation of the Ly6C/G-specific nanobody in infected lungs, we synthesized conjugates of Ly6C/G-specific nanobodies with dexamethasone to enable targeted delivery of this immunosuppressive corticosteroid to sites of inflammation. Such conjugates reduced the weight loss that accompanies infection, while the equivalent amount of free dexamethasone was without effect. Nanobody-drug conjugates thus enable delivery of drugs to particular cell types at the appropriate anatomic site(s). By avoiding systemic exposure to free dexamethasone, this strategy minimizes its undesirable side effects because of the much lower effective dose of the nanobody-dexamethasone conjugate. The ability to selectively target inflammatory cells may find application in the treatment of other infections or other immune-mediated diseases.
Preparation and properties of superconducting Y(Ba1−xSrx)2Cu4O8 (1990)

We have prepared single-phase or near-single-phase Y(${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ (0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.4) samples by means of a high-oxygen-pressure technique using an ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ hot isostatic pressing. All the lattice constants, a, b, and c, of Y(${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ monotonically decreased with increasing Sr content. The superconducting transition temperatures of these samples were nearly constant, being around 80 K, while the ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$'s of Y(${\mathrm{Ba}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{z}}$ (z\ensuremath{\sim}7) samples decreased with increasing Sr content. When Y in Y(${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.8}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.2}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ was partially substituted by Ca, the superconducting critical temperature increased to near 90 K.
Frequency multiplication in nonlinear lithium iodate crystals (1973)

The results are reported of an experimental investigation of the frequency multiplication in nonlinear lithium iodate crystals. The advantages and disadvantages of lithium iodate are compared with the properties of other nonlinear crystals. The optimal second-harmonic generation conditions are obtained when a crystal is placed in a laser resonator. The energy characteristics of the second and third optical harmonics are given.
Indirect radioimmunoassay for thymus leukemia (TL) antigens. [Mice, /sup 125/I tracer technique] (1976)

An indirect radioimmunoassay for thymus leukemia TL antigens has been developed and its specificity documented. The assay makes use of anti-TL antibodies produced in congenic mice (A-Tla/sup b/) and radioiodinated purified rabbit anti-mouse IgG. Using this assay, differences can be detected in the amounts of antigen expressed on thymocytes of the three known phenotypes (TL.1,2,3; TL.2; TL/sup -/) of inbred mouse strains. Significant differences are also detected in comparison of the thymocytes from homozygous TL.1,2,3 mice (A-Tla/sup a/) and heterozygotes from Tla/sup a/ and Tla/sup b/ parents. Optimum conditions for the assay have been established. Its ability to detect antigens on glutaraldehyde-fixed cells and the binding of noncytolytic antibodies on both viable and fixed cells are documented. The assay has also been used to quantitate the changes in TL antigen expression on cells incubated in anti-TL antisera under conditions of antigenic modulation.
Arthropod Community Responses Reveal Potential Predators and Prey of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in a Citrus Orchard (2022)

The contributions of soil arthropods to entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) food webs are mainly studied in artificial conditions. We investigated changes in arthropod communities in a citrus orchard following soil inundation with Steinernema feltiae or Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. We hypothesized that arthropod taxa, which decline or increase in response to EPN augmentation, represent potential prey or predators of EPN, respectively. Soil was sampled periodically after nematodes were applied, DNA was extracted from organisms recovered by sucrose centrifugation, libraries were prepared, and the ITS2 and CO1 genes were sequenced using Illumina protocol. Species from 107 microarthropod (mites and collembola) families and 121 insect families were identified. Amplicon sequence variant (ASV) reads for H. bacteriophora were less than 10% of those for S. feltiae three days after inundation, whereas microarthropod ASVs were double in plots with H. bacteriophora compared to those with S. feltiae. Significantly fewer microarthropod and insect reads in S. feltiae compared to untreated plots suggest the possibility that S. feltiae preyed on mites and Collembola in addition to insects. The responses over time of the individual microarthropod species (MOTU) suggest that regulation (up or down) of these EPN resulted from a cumulative response by many species, rather than by a few key species.
Phased-Array Calibration by Adaptive Nulling (1991)

The limitations to ultra-low sidelobe performance are explored using a 32-element linear array, operating at L-band, containing transmit/receive (T/ R) modules with 12-bit attenuators and 12-bit phase shifters. With conventional far-field calibrations, the average sidelobe level of the array was about -40dB. In theory, considerably lower sidelobe performance is expected from such an array. Initially, sidelobe performance was thought to be limited by inadequate calibrations. An examinations of individual array element patterns showed a mirror symmetric ripple which could only be attributed to edge effects in a small array. Simulations indicated that more precise calibrations would not compensate for these element-pattern differences. An adaptive calibration technique was developed which iteratively adjusted the attenuator and phaser commands to create nulls in the antenna pattern in the direction of the nulls of a theoretical antenna pattern. With adaptive calibrations, the average sidelobe level can be lowered to -60 dB. The technique can be used for interference suppression by implementing antenna patterns with deep nulls in specified directions.
Quasi-Schottky barrier diode on n-Ga0.47In0.53As using a fully depleted p+-Ga0.47In0.53As layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1982)

A quasi-Schottky barrier diode made on n-Ga0.47In0.53 As has been demonstrated. This device utilizes a fully depleted ultrathin p+-Ga0.47In0.53 As layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy to increase the barrier height. An increase in the barrier height of 0.27 V, making the total barrier height 0.47 V, has been obtained. A low reverse leakage current and a hysteresis-free capacitance-voltage characteristic suggest that this structure should be useful as a current control gate for high speed field-effect transistors.
Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the tuberculosis drug bedaquiline containing heterocyclic B-ring units (2017)

Analogues of bedaquiline where the phenyl B-unit was replaced with monocyclic heterocycles of widely differing lipophilicity (thiophenes, furans, pyridines) were synthesised and evaluated. While there was an expected broad positive correlation between lipophilicity and anti-TB activity, the 4-pyridyl derivatives appeared to have an additional contribution to antibacterial potency. The majority of the compounds were (desirably) more polar and had higher rates of clearance than bedaquiline, and showed acceptable oral bioavailability, but there was only limited (and unpredictable) improvement in their hERG liability.
Chronic Toxicity Studies with Vigabatrin, A GABA-Transaminase Inhibitor (1990)

The GABA-transaminase inhibitor, vigabatrin, has been shown to have a rather low degree of acute toxicity in several animal species. Oral administration of the drug at 1,000 mg/kg/day for 2-4 weeks caused decreased food consumption and weight loss with resultant prostration and death in both rats and dogs. Dosages of 200 mg/kg/day were tolerated for a year without clinical signs in dogs, although rats suffered reduced weight gains and convulsions after 3-4 months when given the drug in the diet. The convulsions continued to occur frequently throughout the one-yr study, but abated 3-4 months after cessation of treatment. The only consistent histopathologic evidence of toxicity in rats and dogs has been the finding of intramyelinic edema (microvacuolation) in the brain, most notably in certain areas of white matter (cerebellum, reticular formation and optic tract in rats and columns of fornix and optic tract in dogs). No lesions were found in the spinal cord or peripheral nervous system. It took several weeks for the microvacuolation to develop, even at high dosages, but it did not continue to progress thereafter, even though a slight effect was noted at dosages as low as 30-50 mg/kg/day after one yr of treatment. The intramyelinic edemia disappeared within a few weeks after treatment was withdrawn. No residual effects were observed in dogs, whereas rats exhibited swollen axons and microscopic mineralized bodies in the cerebellum. Monkeys exhibited no adverse clinical effects except for occasional loose stools at 300 mg/kg/day. After 16 months of oral treatment at 300 mg/kg/day any suggestion of intramyelinic edema was considered to be equivocal, and there was no evidence of any effect in the 50 or 100 mg/kg/day monkeys after 6 yr of treatment. Higher doses caused chronic diarrhea, thus limiting the dosage in this species. Vigabatrin was shown to be well absorbed in rat, dog and man, whereas dose-limited absorption occurred in the monkey. Metabolism is practically nil in all 4 species and the primary elimination pathway is by glomerular filtration. Because vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase and the enzyme has a slow turnover rate, plasma levels of the drug are not indicative of its pharmacologic activity. For this reason cerebrospinal fluid levels of GABA and vigabatrin were evaluated, with considerable species differences being noted. The significance of these differences in relation to the differences in toxic response is discussed.
Post-fabrication measurement-driven oxide breakdown reliability prediction and management (2009)

Oxide breakdown has become an increasingly pressing reliability issue in modern VLSI design with ultra-thin oxides. The conventional guard-band methodology assumes uniformly thin oxide thickness and results in overly pessimistic reliability estimation that severely degrades the system performance. In this study we present the use of limited post-fabrication measurements of oxide thicknesses from on-chip sensors to aid in the chip-level oxide breakdown reliability prediction and quantify the trade-off between reliability margin and system performance. Given the post-fabrication measurements, chip oxide breakdown reliability can be formulated as a conditional distribution that allows us to achieve a significantly more accurate chip lifetime estimation. The estimation is then used to individually tune the supply voltage of each chip for performance maximization while maintaining or improving the reliability. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve performance improvement of 19% on average and 27% at maximum for a design with up to 50 million devices, using merely 25 measurements per chip, while analysis time is only 0.4 second.