gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary Fiber and the Glycemic Response (1985)

Addition of purified fiber to carbohydrate test meals has been shown to flatten the glycemic response in both normal and diabetic volunteers, reduce the insulin requirement in patients on the artificial pancreas and in the longer term reduce urinary glucose loss and improve diabetes control. In the context of high fiber-high carbohydrate diets these findings have had a major impact in influencing recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes internationally. The mechanism of action appears in part to be due to the effect of fiber in slowing absorption rather than by increasing colonic losses of carbohydrate. Consequently postprandial GIP and insulin levels are reduced and the more viscous purified fibers (e.g., guar and pectin) appear most effective. In addition it has been suggested that colonic fermentation products of fiber may enhance glucose utilization. More recently it has become clear that many aspects of carbohydrate foods (food form, antinutrients, etc.) in addition to fiber may influence the rate of digestion and has led to a classification especially of starchy foods in terms of glycemic index to define the degree to which equicarbohydrate portions of different foods raise the blood glucose. Use of such data may maximize the effectiveness of high carbohydrate and high fiber diets in the management of diabetes and related disorders.
Growth and metallization of AlGaAs/GaAs carbon-doped HBTs using trimethylamine alane by CBE (1991)

It is shown that the entire structure of high-quality AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) including a nonalloyed delta -doped ohmic contact and in-situ Al metallization can be grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) using a new precursor, trimethylamine alane, as the Al source. The graded Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As and uniform GaAs bases (both approximately 1000 A thick) are doped with carbon to high 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ using trimethyl-Ga. A current gain of 10 at a current density of 2500 A/cm/sup 2/ is obtained for both uniform- and graded-base HBTs. Both devices show good output characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Applying a vernix caseosa based formulation accelerates skin barrier repair by modulating lipid biosynthesis (2017)

Restoring the lipid homeostasis of the stratum corneum (SC) is a common strategy to enhance skin barrier function. Here, we used a ceramide containing vernix caseosa (VC)-based formulation and were able to accelerate barrier recovery in healthy volunteers. The recovery was examined over 16 days by monitoring trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) after barrier disruption by tape-stripping. Four skin sites were used to examine the effects of both treatment and barrier recovery. After 16 days, samples were harvested at these sites to examine the SC ceramide composition and lipid organization. Changes in ceramide profiles were identified using principal component analysis. After barrier recovery, the untreated sites showed increased levels of ceramide subclass AS and ceramides with a 34 total carbon-atom chain length, while the mean ceramide chain length was reduced. These changes were diminished by treatment with the studied formulation, which concurrently increased the formulated ceramides. Correlations were observed between SC lipid composition, lipid organization, and TEWL, and changes in the ceramide subclass composition suggest changes in the ceramide biosynthesis. These results suggest that VC-based formulations enhance skin barrier recovery and are attractive candidates to treat skin disorders with impaired barrier properties.
GENE-04. ESTABLISHING A MOLECULAR PROFILING SERVICE FOR CHILDREN’S CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN AUSTRALASIA – THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND CHILDREN’S HAEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY GROUP (ANZCHOG) AIM BRAIN PROJECT (2019)

Pediatric neuro-oncology has undergone an exciting and dramatic transformation during the past decade. Molecular analyses have identified subtypes of central nervous system (CNS) tumors not distinguishable using traditional histopathological techniques culminating in the integration of molecular and histologic parameters in the 2016 WHO classification. Analysis of thousands of childhood CNS tumor samples by our collaborators at the German Cancer Research Centre and others has revealed each tumour entity comprises multiple sub-types, each with different survival outcomes and disease characteristics. This led to the establishment of the Molecular Neuropathology 2 (MNP2.0) study, which undertakes methylation profiling of CNS tumors to identify these sub-types and is currently recruiting Australasian participants. The Access to Innovative Molecular Profiling for Pediatric Brain Cancers (AIM BRAIN PROject) will provide a local molecular tumor profiling service for pediatric CNS tumors in Australia and New Zealand. To demonstrate clinical specificity and sensitivity, methylation array profiling results generated locally will be cross-validated with those from MNP2.0. The study aims to recruit up to 400 participants from Australia and New Zealand over four years. Recruitment began in November 2017 and to date 47 patients have been enrolled. Of the 17 patients co-enrolled on both AIM BRAIN and MNP2.0 trials, 16 (94%) have concordant results. 30/35 (86%) of reported AIM BRAIN cases have profiling consistent with their histopathological diagnosis, three cases were not classifiable and two cases showed disparate results. Three cases underwent Tumor Board review. The extent to which molecular profiling information impacts clinical decision-making and patient care will also be investigated during the study. Provision of a centralized and accredited molecular profiling service in the Australasian region aims to not only consolidate and streamline diagnostic testing for CNS tumors but to provide a network hub to facilitate communication and research outcomes for clinical scientists, pathologists and oncologists.
Fluxgate-Type Magnetic Microsensors for Wide Linear Measuring Range (2007)

In this paper, we present a microfabricated fluxgate sensor for wide linear measuring range applications. The sensor consists of an electroplated copper excitation rod surrounded by an electroplated Permalloy core layer, and has planar pick-up coils for signal detection. Fabricated sensors are tested in orthogonal and parallel operation modes. The effects of operation modes and excitation conditions are compared. A linear operating range of ±900 μT is proved in the orthogonal mode, whereas the same sensor has much lower linear range in the parallel mode. The use of the sensor in a contactless current measurement application is also presented.
Pixels: An Efficient Column Store for Cloud Data Lakes (2022)

To benefit from the cloud's higher elasticity and price-efficiency, most modern data-lake engines support S3-like cloud object storage (COS) services as their optional or preferred underlying storage. Meanwhile, the widespread column stores, such as Parquet, are applied in these data lakes to improve analytical performance. However, as these column stores were designed for on-premise HDFS, they often suffer from the high latency of COS and deliver sub-optimal query performance. We observe that by optimizing the storage layout and data access pattern, we can effectively hide and mitigate the high latency. In this paper, we present Pixels, a column store optimized for the cloud that solves the problem by (1) the workload-driven storage layout optimization within and across the row group boundaries; (2) the I/O scheduling concerning the optimized storage layout and the performance characteristics of COS. They collectively improve the analytical performance in a transparent way that does not affect data ingestion and query execution in data lakes. Evaluations show that Pixels outperforms the state-of-the-art column store on COS by more than one order of magnitude on real-world workload and by 1.93x on TPC-H. Moreover, the performance of Pixels is also portable to HDFS.
Bidirectional amplification with nonsaturable absorption and amplified spontaneous emission (1981)

A theory of bidirectional amplification is developed and applied to single-pass and double-pass laser amplifier configurations. The effects of nonsaturable absorption, longitudinal amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) gain saturation, and ASE line narrowing are included in a self-consistent formulation. An estimate of aperture scaling limitations due to transverse ASE is included. Laser performance is discussed for some conditions typical of large aperture, multikilojoule, rare gas halide (RGH) fusion amplifiers. This formulation permits tradeoff studies to be performed rapidly by altering variables spanning an eight-parameter space.
Inactivation of the Euchromatic Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase 2 Pathway in Pancreatic Epithelial Cells Antagonizes Cancer Initiation and Pancreatitis-Associated Promotion by Altering Growth and Immune Gene Expression Networks (2021)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive, painful disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Recent evidence indicates that distinct epigenomic landscapes underlie PDAC progression, identifying the H3K9me pathway as important to its pathobiology. Here, we delineate the role of Euchromatic Histone-lysine <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), the enzyme that generates H3K9me, as a downstream effector of oncogenic KRAS during PDAC initiation and pancreatitis-associated promotion. <i>EHMT2</i> inactivation in pancreatic cells reduces H3K9me2 and antagonizes Kras <sup><i>G</i>12<i>D</i></sup> -mediated acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) formation in both the <i>Pdx1-Cre</i> and <i>P48</i> <sup><i>Cre/+</i></sup> <i>Kras</i> <sup><i>G</i>12<i>D</i></sup> mouse models. <i>Ex vivo</i> acinar explants also show impaired EGFR-KRAS-MAPK pathway-mediated ADM upon <i>EHMT2</i> deletion. Notably, Kras <sup><i>G</i>12<i>D</i></sup> increases EHMT2 protein levels and EHMT2-EHMT1-WIZ complex formation. Transcriptome analysis reveals that <i>EHMT2</i> inactivation upregulates a cell cycle inhibitory gene expression network that converges on the <i>Cdkn1a/p21-Chek2</i> pathway. Congruently, pancreas tissue from <i>Kras</i> <sup><i>G</i>12<i>D</i></sup> animals with <i>EHMT2</i> inactivation have increased P21 protein levels and enhanced senescence. Furthermore, loss of <i>EHMT2</i> reduces inflammatory cell infiltration typically induced during Kras <sup><i>G</i>12<i>D</i></sup> -mediated initiation. The inhibitory effect on Kras <sup><i>G</i>12<i>D</i></sup> -induced growth is maintained in the pancreatitis-accelerated model, while simultaneously modifying immunoregulatory gene networks that also contribute to carcinogenesis. This study outlines the existence of a novel KRAS-EHMT2 pathway that is critical for mediating the growth-promoting and immunoregulatory effects of this oncogene <i>in vivo</i>, extending human observations to support a pathophysiological role for the H3K9me pathway in PDAC.
Linking Cell Cycle Reentry and DNA Damage in Neurodegeneration (2009)

Aberrant cell cycle activity and DNA damage have been observed in neurons in association with various neurodegenerative conditions. While there is strong evidence for a causative role for these events in neurotoxicity, it is unclear how they are triggered and why they are toxic. Here, we introduce a brief background of the current view on cell cycle activity and DNA damage in neurons and speculate on their relevance to neuronal survival. Furthermore, we suggest that the two events may be triggered in common by deregulation of fundamental processes, such as chromatin modulation, which are required for maintaining both DNA integrity and proper regulation of cell cycle gene expression.
Phase compensation of rate limiters in unstable aircraft (2002)

For a modern aerodynamically unstable fighter, like the JAS 39 Gripen, the flight control system typically provides 45/spl deg/ phase margin. Therefore rate limiting of control surfaces, which may cause large phase shifts, is an important issue. Software rate limiters are placed on the control servo commands in order to prevent the hydraulic servos from rate limiting. When a rate limiter is saturated, the phase shift drastically reduces the stability margins of the closed loop and increases the risk for pilot-induced oscillation (PIO). This paper describes a novel method for compensating the phase shift of a rate limiter. In contrast to earlier phase compensation methods, this method uses feedback instead of logic or feedforward. Open loop and closed loop properties of the method are discussed. The method gives a drastic improvement on stability margins and reduces PIO tendencies.
20 GHz Ultrashort Dual Wavelength Actively Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser (2008)

We demonstrate a stable dual-wavelength actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser operating at 20GHz. We use a highly nonlinear fiber in the optical cavity. Simultaneous dual wavelength pulse trains with pulse widths ~ 1ps are achieved.
Effectiveness of Various Processing Steps for Viral Clearance of Therapeutic Proteins: Database Analyses of Commonly Used Steps (2012)

The successful implementation of any biologically derived product in human clinical trials and as a marketed biopharmaceutical requires the critical utilization of effective viral clearance steps. As biologic products have inherent risks of potentially carrying and or amplifying adventitious viruses that may be present in or introduced into the original materials, a number of processing steps are needed to provide adequate virus removal. Some common process steps are introduced into downstream purification schemes that provide a physical means to separate and/or remove viruses from the therapeutic protein. The physical steps often include virus-removing filters and chromatographic resins in column or membrane configurations, but can also include the introduction of irradiation, high heat steps, or other means for destroying the infectivity of a virus. Chemical treatment steps are often utilized as a means to inactivate a wide variety of virus types. A general overview is provided that describes the most commonly used techniques for virus removal or inactivation for the validation of virus clearance. Data sets from studies performed at WuXi AppTec for a wide variety of biologics reveal a number of steps that provide guidance for the design of process steps dedicated to viral clearance. The overall efficiency of several process steps reveals a number of efficient, robust steps, such as nanofiltration which can be designed for removal of almost all viral species. Exposure to a low pH or solvent detergent is also a robust step for inactivating enveloped virus. Steps with greater variances in predictability include chromatography steps such as capture columns and anion exchange resins. A lower removal capacity is typically expected for other chromatography steps such as cation exchange steps.
Incorporating the Loading Dependence of the Maxwell−Stefan Diffusivity in the Modeling of CH4 and CO2 Permeation Across Zeolite Membranes (2006)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out in order to gain some generic insights into the loading dependence of the Maxwell−Stefan (MS) diffusivity Đi of CH4 and CO2 in different zeolite topologies that can be divided into three classes consisting of (a) intersecting channels, (b) one-dimensional channels, and (c) cages separated by windows. The MD simulations demonstrate that Đi is generally loading dependent and reduces to zero at saturation loading. Furthermore, the loading dependence of Đi shows a qualitatively different trend for CO2 than for CH4. The loading dependence of the MS diffusivity is described using the model of Reed and Ehrlich (Surf. Sci. 1981, 102, 588−609), which accounts for the reduction in the energy barrier for hopping of molecules between adsorption sites due to intermolecular interactions. A unary permeation model accounting for the loading dependence is developed, and published data on permeation of CH4 and CO2 across MFI, CHA, and DDR membranes are used for quantitative validation. Implications for mixture permeation are also discussed.
Periodic flow at airway bifurcations. II. Flow partitioning (1990)

The distribution of flow among parallel pathways is believed to be determined by the balance of downstream mechanical loads or time constants. We studied the influence of upstream flow conditions and airway geometry vs. downstream mechanical impedances in determining flow partitioning at airway bifurcations. Each model consisted of a single rigid bifurcation with various branching angles and area ratios but having identical pathway impedances. Sinusoidal volumetric oscillations were applied at the parent duct with various frequencies and tidal volumes. Measuring the terminal pressures continuously, we calculated the flow distribution. When flow amplitude was small, flow partitioning was homogeneous and synchronous, as expected in a system possessing homogeneous pathway impedances and time constants. But when flow amplitude was large and frequency was high, appreciable heterogeneity and asynchrony of flow partitioning arose; during midinspiration the high-velocity flow stream preferentially favored the axial pathway. This effect vanished in the absence of a net area change at the bifurcation. For a given bifurcation geometry, these observations could be organized using only two nondimensional parameters, neither of which incorporated consideration of fluid friction. The description of temporal events required, in addition, a nondimensional time. Therefore these flow-dependent phenomena and their underlying mechanisms differ fundamentally from those described in classical impedance models. The complex pattern of nonuniform interregional behaviors apparent in whole lungs when tidal volume and frequency are large (Allen et al., J. Clin. Invest. 76: 620-629, 1985) is reiterated faithfully in models consisting of only two compartments with homogeneous time constants. As such, the behaviors observed in lungs would appear to be attributable in large part to fluid dynamic factors in central airways.
On reduction of differential inclusions and Lyapunov stability (2017)

In this paper, locally Lipschitz regular functions are utilized to identify and remove infeasible directions from differential inclusions. The resulting reduced differential inclusion is point-wise smaller (in the sense of set containment) than the original differential inclusion. The reduced inclusion is utilized to develop a generalized notion of a time derivative for locally Lipschitz candidate Lyapunov functions. The developed generalized derivative yields less conservative statements of Lyapunov stability results and invariance-like results for differential inclusions. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the utility of the developed stability theorems.
Technological and design constraints for multilevel flash memories (2002)

This paper discusses basic constraints for multilevel storage in flash memories. Aspects such as programming algorithms, threshold voltage distribution, data retention, read disturbs, sense amplifier sensitivity and cell transconductance spread are considered. Experimental results and design considerations are provided. Guidelines for the evaluation of multilevel storage feasibility are given. The feasibility of four-level storage with present technologies using a read voltage around 6 V is demonstrated.
SUPERSATURATED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE DESCRIPTION AND MODELISATION (1984)

A new concept of cryogenic synchronous machine is described and analysed. In this type of machine, the superconducting coi1 is motionless. In this paper, after an evaluation of the unit volume torque, a comparison with a conventionnal high power high number of poles machines is made. The last part is devoted to indications about the experimental program under development.
A Static Load-Balancing Scheme for Parallel XML Parsing on Multicore CPUs (2007)

A number of techniques to improve the parsing performance of XML have been developed. Generally, however, these techniques have limited impact on the construction of a DOM tree, which can be a significant bottleneck. Meanwhile, the trend in hardware technology is toward an increasing number of cores per CPU. As we have shown in previous work, these cores can be used to parse XML in parallel, resulting in significant speedups. In this paper, we introduce a new static partitioning and load-balancing mechanism. By using a static, global approach, we reduce synchronization and load-balancing overhead, thus improving performance over dynamic schemes for a large class of XML documents. Our approach leverages libxm12 without modification, which reduces development effort and shows that our approach is applicable to real-world, production parsers. Our scheme works well with Sun's Niagara class of CMT architectures, and shows that multiple hardware threads can be effectively used for XML parsing.
Mu and kappa opioids modulate mouse embryonic stem cell‐derived neural progenitor differentiation via MAP kinases (2009)

As embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (NPs) have the potential to be used in cell replacement therapy, an understanding of the signaling mechanisms that regulate their terminal differentiation is imperative. In previous studies, we discovered the presence of functional mu opioid receptors (MOR) and kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in mouse embryonic stem cells and NPs. Here, MOR and KOR immunoreactivity was detected in NP-derived oligodendrocytes during three stages of their maturation in vitro. Moreover, we examined the modulation of retinoic acid-induced NP differentiation to astrocytes and neurons by mu, [D-ala(2), mephe(4), gly-ol(5)] enkephalin, or kappa, U69, 593, opioids. Both opioid agonists inhibited NP-derived neurogenesis and astrogenesis via their corresponding receptors as determined by immunocytochemistry. By administering selective inhibitors, we found that opioid inhibition of NP-derived astrogenesis was driven via extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), while the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was implicated in opioid attenuation of neurogenesis. In addition, mu and kappa opioids stimulated oligodendrogenesis from NP-derived NG2(+) oligodendrocyte progenitors via both ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Accordingly, both opioids induced ERK phosphorylation in NG2(+) cells. These results indicate that small molecules, such as MOR and KOR agonists may play a modulatory role in NP terminal differentiation.
All-optical focused ultrasound detector for intravascular applications (2021)

One of the main challenges in intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging is the limited sensitivity and bandwidth of miniaturized piezoelectric probes. Optical detectors of ultrasound can drastically improve both these features, but often lack acoustic focusing. In this work, we developed a focused ultrasound detector by integrating a miniaturized acoustic lens, made out of glass, with a silicon-photonics-based detector. A detection bandwidth of up to 80 MHz and lateral resolution beyond 50 µm was demonstrated with a lens diameter of 0.8 mm. Our device is transparent in the near-infrared window, simplifying its integration in a miniaturized IVPA probe.