gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resist interaction in 193-/157-nm immersion lithography (2004)

We have investigated the interaction of resists with water and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) as immersion fluids. We found that some unique behaviors occurred in immersion lithography. An acetal protected poly(p-hydroxystyrene) type resist in water immersion showed decreased resist thickness after exposure. The deprotection reaction during exposure appeared to be accelerated by water. A COMA (cycloolefine-mareic anhydride alt-copolymer) type resist in water immersion showed an increased dissolution rate. FT-IR measurements indicated that the hydrolysis of maleic anhydride occurred during exposure and post-exposure baking. A reduction in the dissolution rate was observed in the immersion lithography of most resists. In water immersion, the formation of a surface insoluble layer and swelling was observed. We confirmed that a photochemical acid generator (PAG) or generated acid eluted into the water by TOF-SIMS. In PFPE immersion, we think that PFPE penetrating across the resist film blocks the penetration of the alkaline aqueous developer.
Migration and Security: Some Key Linkages (2002)

As migration is defined as the movement of people across national boundaries--an inter-state phenomenon--we would expect it to be addressed by students of international relations.... It is ... glaring to note the absence of migration as a topic in graduate courses in the field and its practical non-existence in the textbooks.
Pedestrian Detection: Domain Generalization, CNNs, Transformers and Beyond (2022)

Pedestrian detection is the cornerstone of many vision based applications, starting from object tracking to video surveillance and more recently, autonomous driving. With the rapid development of deep learning in object detection, pedestrian detection has achieved very good performance in traditional single-dataset training and evaluation setting. However, in this study on generalizable pedestrian detectors, we show that, current pedestrian detectors poorly handle even small domain shifts in cross-dataset evaluation. We attribute the limited generalization to two main factors, the method and the current sources of data. Regarding the method, we illustrate that biasness present in the design choices (e.g anchor settings) of current pedestrian detectors are the main contributing factor to the limited generalization. Most modern pedestrian detectors are tailored towards target dataset, where they do achieve high performance in traditional single training and testing pipeline, but suffer a degrade in performance when evaluated through cross-dataset evaluation. Consequently, a general object detector performs better in cross-dataset evaluation compared with state of the art pedestrian detectors, due to its generic design. As for the data, we show that the autonomous driving benchmarks are monotonous in nature, that is, they are not diverse in scenarios and dense in pedestrians. Therefore, benchmarks curated by crawling the web (which contain diverse and dense scenarios), are an efficient source of pre-training for providing a more robust representation. Accordingly, we propose a progressive fine-tuning strategy which improves generalization. Code and models can accessed at https://github.com/hasanirtiza/Pedestron.
Arbitration of Workplace Discrimination Claims: Federal Law and Compulsory Arbitration (1998)

LAWREVIEWto have the option of pursuing claims for race, gender, age, disability, and other discrimination
Development of a Flux Stabilizer for Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with a Hybrid Magnet (2010)

Abstract A flux stabilizer has been developed for solid-state NMR measurements with a hybrid magnet installed at the National Institute for Materials Science. The stabilizer consists of an electric circuit, a pickup, and a feedback coils to cancel out the fluctuating magnetic field at a sample by inductive field regulation. Stability of the magnetic field was improved from 6.3 ppmrms to 1.4 ppmrms by the flux stabilizer. Advantages of the flux stabilizer are demonstrated by 79Br magic-angle-spinning NMR measurements of KBr at 28 T.
Table S2 from Clinical Efficacy and Tumor Microenvironment Influence in a Dose-Escalation Study of Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2: Amount and potency of CAR T cells&lt;/p&gt;
Cryotherapy of Heterotransplanted Human Cancer: Preliminary Experimental Findings in the Syrian Hamster (1969)

The survival of tumor cells at 1,4, and 24 h after single, double, and triple freezing and thawing cycles has been examined. After freezing two xenografted tumors of human origin (GW-77 and GW-127) in the cheek pouch of unconditioned Syrian hamsters with liquid nitrogen under pressure (––196°C), it was found that retransplantation of the cryogenic tumors at 1 h post single freezing and thawing resulted in tumor growth. Intact tumor cells could also be demonstrated microscopically at this time. No viable tumor cells could be found at 4 h or later post single freezing and thawing, or at 1 h or later after multiple freezing and thawing cycles. The role of the cryogenic environment on the survival of viable tumor cells within the frozen lesion, as well as the importance of multiple rapid freezing and slow thawing cycles, followed by a period of delay prior to excision of the frozen tumor, have been stressed.
NMR Logging to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity in Unconsolidated Aquifers (2015)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging provides a new means of estimating the hydraulic conductivity (K) of unconsolidated aquifers. The estimation of K from the measured NMR parameters can be performed using the Schlumberger-Doll Research (SDR) equation, which is based on the Kozeny-Carman equation and initially developed for obtaining permeability from NMR logging in petroleum reservoirs. The SDR equation includes empirically determined constants. Decades of research for petroleum applications have resulted in standard values for these constants that can provide accurate estimates of permeability in consolidated formations. The question we asked: Can standard values for the constants be defined for hydrogeologic applications that would yield accurate estimates of K in unconsolidated aquifers? Working at 10 locations at three field sites in Kansas and Washington, USA, we acquired NMR and K data using direct-push methods over a 10- to 20-m depth interval in the shallow subsurface. Analysis of pairs of NMR and K data revealed that we could dramatically improve K estimates by replacing the standard petroleum constants with new constants, optimal for estimating K in the unconsolidated materials at the field sites. Most significant was the finding that there was little change in the SDR constants between sites. This suggests that we can define a new set of constants that can be used to obtain high resolution, cost-effective estimates of K from NMR logging in unconsolidated aquifers. This significant result has the potential to change dramatically the approach to determining K for hydrogeologic applications.
Effect of mobility on Future Satellite Packet Networks routing protocols (2009)

Current communication satellites are generally based on circuit technology and fixed-location terminals. In the future, satellites are expected to use packet-based (i.e., Internet) technology, and to support mobile as well as fixed-location terminals. We refer to these types of networks as future satellite packet networks (FSPNs). FSPNs will allow anywhere-to-anywhere global network connectivity for mobile nodes. However, due to blocking and/or fading, link connectivity will be dynamic. To preserve network connectivity in this dynamic environment, mobile nodes can be connected by terrestrial wireless as well as satellite links. The terrestrial links provide alternate paths from blocked terminals to the network. In this paper, we look at two types of outages, (1) payload-terminal outages, and (2) terrestrial wireless link outages. Using OPNET simulation, we examine how Internet routing adapts to link outages. We show that by properly adjusting the hold timer and the "hello" interval, we can speed up routing adaptation while keeping control traffic overhead low. We also look at how routing protocols behave when blockage ends and connectivity is restored. There are two basic approaches to dealing with the newly available link, keeping the current link, or having a "preferred" link. We discuss the tradeoffs of these two approaches.
Improved method for identifying Manning’s roughness coefficients in plain looped river network area (2020)

Manning’s roughness coefficient(n) is considered a key parameter in a one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model. However, it is highly variable and time- and site- dependent. Further, identifying proper n values is not easy, especially in plain looped river network areas. Therefore, a more systematic approach is needed. This study proposes a coupled optimization-simulation model to systematically estimate the spatial distribution of n values. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and InfoWorks Integrated Catchment Modelling (ICM) software were integrated to solve the objective function and hydraulic process, respectively. Crisscrossing rivers were partitioned into river reaches that were each assumed to have a uniform and constant Manning’s roughness coefficient according to their network topology and cross-section variation. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was implemented to determine the weights of measured data from different gauging stations, and a large difference in the spatial distribution of the sensitivity index illustrated the importance of identifying the weights of multiple stations. Then, a systematic approach was applied to estimate the n values in the Changshu Grand Polder Area (CGPA), which is crisscrossed by 150 rivers, under the water diversion stage. The calculation statistics and efficiency indicated that the proposed method performs well for model calibration.
POS-195 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN COVID-19 INFECTED INPATIENTS: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE IN SOUTH EASTERN ENGLAND (2021)

The outcomes of adults who develop an acute kidney injury (AKI) in the context of COVID-19 infection is unclear. We explored the epidemiology of AKI as well as exploring the risks associated with advancing age and intensive care admission.
Optimisation of fermentation conditions for gluconic acid production by a mutant of Aspergillus niger. (2001)

Aspergillus niger ORS-4, isolated from the sugarcane industry waste materials was found to produce notable level of gluconic acid. From this strain, a mutant Aspergillus niger ORS-4.410 having remarkable increase in gluconic acid production was isolated and compared for fermentation properties. Among the various substrates used, glucose resulted into maximum production of gluconic acid (78.04 g/L). 12% concentration led to maximum production. Effect of spore age and inoculum level on fermentation indicated an inoculum level of 2% of the 4-7 days old spores were best suited for gluconic acid production. Maximum gluconate production could be achieved after 10-12 days of the fermentation at 30 degrees C and at a pH of 5.5. Kinetic analysis of production indicated that growth of the mutant was favoured during initial stages of the fermentation (4-8 days) and production increased during the subsequent 8-12 days of the fermentation. CaCO3 and varying concentrations of different nutrients affected the production of gluconic acid. Analysis of variance for the factors evaluated the significant difference in the production levels.
Toxicological Interactions Between Alcohol and Benzodiazepines (2002)

We review recentfindings on the toxicological interactions between alcohol (ethanol) and benzodiazepines, and the combined use of benzodiazepines and alcohol in fatal poisoning. Acute ingestion of alcohol combined with benzodiazepines is responsible for several toxicological interactions that can have significant clinical implications. In general, metabolism of these drugs is delayed when combined with acute alcohol ingestion although some reports suggest otherwise. Alternately, the drugs metabolized during chronic alcohol ingestion have an increased clearance. The net effect may also be influenced by internal (e.g., disease, age) and external (e.g., environment, diet) factors. Fatal poisoning involving coadministration of alcohol and benzodiazepine, especially triazolam, continues to be a serious problem.
One-Pot Synthesis of Polyoxometalate Decorated Polyindole for Energy Storage Supercapacitors (2021)

The demand for energy storage supercapacitor devices has increased interest in completing all innovative technologies and renewable energy requirements. Here, we report a simple method of two polyoxomolybdate (H<sub>4</sub>[PVMo<sub>11</sub>O<sub>40</sub>] and H<sub>5</sub>[PV<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>10</sub>O<sub>40</sub>]) doped polyindole (PIn) composites for electrochemical supercapacitors. The interactions between polyoxomolybdates and PIn were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder XRD, and stability was measured by thermogravimetry. The field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) was employed to investigate the morphology of the materials. The electrochemical measurements show that the PIn/PV<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>10</sub> electrode exhibits a higher capacitance of 198.09 F/g with an energy density of 10.19 Wh/kg and a power density of 198.54 W/kg at 0.2 A/g current density than the PIn/PVMo<sub>11</sub> electrode. Both electrodes show a pseudocapacitance behavior due to the doping of redox-active polyoxomolybdates on the PIn surface and enhance the electrochemical properties. The electrodes' capacitive nature was measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which shows that the PIn/PVMo<sub>11</sub> electrode has a resistive nature within the electrode-electrode interface. Moreover, the PIn/PV<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>10</sub> electrode offers remarkable cycle stability, retaining ∼84% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles (∼83% for the PIn/PVMo<sub>11</sub> electrode). The higher specific capacitance, faster charge/discharge rates, and higher cycle stability make them promising electrodes in supercapacitors.
A practical incremental relaying scheme with imperfect feedback for wireless networks (2012)

Implementing incremental relaying in a practical system is not a trivial task because it requires the destination node to provide feedback on success or failure of a transmission. In practice, the feedback may be affected by propagation impairments and collisions. In this case, the relay and the source should coordinate among themselves in the absence of perfect feedback information such that packet collision will not occur. In view of the challenge, this paper proposes a novel and practical incremental relaying scheme that deals with the imperfect feedback. The key idea is to have pessimistic source and optimistic relay. The proposed scheme is simple and easily implementable. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can outperform amplify-and-forward (AF), as well as approaching the performance of an idealized incremental AF with perfect feedback information.
Robust eigenstructure assignment by a projection method - Applications using multiple optimization criteria (1989)

A methodology for robust eigenstructure assignment for multivariable feedback systems is presented. The algorithm is based upon a pole placement technique using projections onto subspaces of admissible eigenvectors. New ideas are introduced to generate target (desired) sets of unitary eigenvectors and determine optimal feasible eigenvectors in a least-square sense. Useful connections are established between the pole-placement by independent modal space control and the method introduced in this paper. A multicriterion optimization algorithm is also presented, which takes efficient advantage of the present eigenstructure assignment method. These developments show significant improvement over an earlier version of this algorithm in both computational cost and accuracy. This optimization process appears to be numerically robust and suitable for high-dimensional multicriterion optimizations; it is especially attractive for computer-aided design of control systems.
V-Shaped Double Layers Formed by Ion Beam Reflection (1980)

A potential double layer is observed when an ion beam is injected into a collisionless magnetoplasma along converging magnetic field lines and reflected at a positive electron-absorbing boundary. The double layer is $V$ shaped, highly stationary, strong ($\frac{e\ensuremath{\phi}}{k{T}_{e}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}25$) with amplitude determined by the beam energy ($\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{V}_{b}$), and occurs with magnetized (${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$) and unmagnetized (${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$) ions. Distribution function measurements show self-consistently formed trapped electrons on the high-potential side.
2D IR lineshapes (2011)

So far, we have implicitly assumed that the transition frequency ω01 of a vibrational mode is infinitesimally sharply defined and does not vary as a function of time. In an actual sample, this will not be the case because the solvent molecules will push and pull at the molecule, thereby deforming the molecular potential energy surface of the vibrational transition under study and hence modulating its transition frequency ω01 (Fig. 7.1). The time dependence of the transition frequency leads to pure and inhomogeneous dephasing. So far, we have considered pure dephasing by just including a phenomenological T2 damping term whenever the system is in a coherent state. In what follows, we will develop a microscopic theory that explains dephasing and relates it to the microscopic motion of the solvation shell or the molecule itself. Measuring dephasing processes turns out to be a powerful tool to study the dynamics of molecular systems in the solution phase.
CCL19 (ELC) improves TH1‐polarized immune responses and protective immunity in a murine Her2/neu DNA vaccination model (2012)

CCL19 is able to induce a TH-1 polarization of the anti-Her2/neu immune response, which can be further amplified by granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Clinical use of a pDNA(Her2/neu-CCL19 ± GM-CSF) vaccine might be promising in Her2/neu + breast cancer in the clinical situation of minimal residual disease.
Correction for Dreux et al., Ribonucleotide Reductase Repressor NrdR as a Novel Regulator for Motility and Chemotaxis during Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Infection (2015)

Correction de l'article "Ribonucleotide Reductase NrdR as a Novel Regulator for Motility and Chemotaxis during Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Infection"
Measurement of RF peak pulse power (1967)

This paper is a survey of the principal methods developed during the past twenty years for the measurement of RF peak pulse power. The basic principles involved for each method are described together with accuracies attainable under normal operating conditions. General techniques for pulse power measurement and precautions to be observed are also given.
[Influence of environmental conditions on human hematologic constants]. (1975)

A blood investigation was carried out on 3,030 volunteer blood donors and the results treated on a computer by multivariant analysis. The authors noted a depressor effect of the urban environment on the red and white cells, a rise in small lymphocytes and a reduction in monocytes in patients living in industrial areas. This stimulation of the lymphocyte system may be compared with the experimental results obtained by the same authors in animals.
Electrochromic switching of monolithic Prussian blue thin film devices (2015)

Monolithic, crystalline and highly oriented coordination network compound (CNC) Prussian blue (PB) thin films have been deposited though different routes on conductive substrates. Characterization of the monolithic thin films reveals a long-term stability, even after many redox cycles the crystallinity as well as the high orientation remain intact during the electrochromic switching process.
Modeling an Electronically Switchable Directional Antennafor Low-power Wireless Networks : Poster abstract (2011)

Modeling an Electronically Switchable Directional Antennafor Low-power Wireless Networks : Poster abstract
REACTION OF ACYL ISOTHIOCYANATES WITH NUCLEOPHILES: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-OXAZINE, PYRIMIDINETHIONE AND THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES (1996)

Abstract The reaction of acetyl isothiocyanate 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile and/or a cyclic β-diketone afforded the corresponding 1,3-oxazines 3, 11 and thioamide 12 respectively. The heteroannulation of 3 and the synthesis of thiazole 18 is described.
Aluminum nitride thin films deposited by hydrogen plasma enhanced and thermal atomic layer deposition (2018)

International audience
Failure analysis and predictive maintenance of aircraft components (2007)

The results of some corrosion and stress corrosion tests under constant sustained load, made on Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg alloys at corrosion and anodic potentials, are presented. The long term exposure of the alloys at anodic potentials is shown to be accompanied by fast failure, remarkable decrease in the tensile strength, very deep loss of plasticity and substantial uniform or intergranular layer corrosion of surface layer. The artificial aging improves the resistance of the Al-Zn-Mg alloys to failure and corrosion. Stress corrosion cracking is concluded to be mainly caused by dissolution mechanism rather than by entry of hydrogen.
Surface-Initiated Polymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate from Heterotelechelic Oligoperoxide-Coated γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles and their Engulfment by Mammalian Cells (2011)

Novel heterotelechelic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (CPA-PVP-IBMB) oligoperoxide containing anchoring carboxyl group from 4-cyanopentanoic acid (CPA) and peroxide end-group from 1-isopropyl-3(4)-[1-(tert-butyl peroxy)-1-methylethyl]benzene (IBMB) chain transfer agent was synthesized and investigated as a surface-active macroinitiator for tailored functionalization of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. CPA-PVP-IBMB initiated polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in ethanol yielding CPA-PVP-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (CPA-PVP-block-PHEMA) copolymer. γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles obtained by precipitation technique were modified by the CPA-PVP-IBMB macroinitiator and CPA-PVP-block-PHEMA copolymer by “grafting-to” approach to the surface using carboxyl end groups of both polymers. Second method, “grafting-from” approach, consisted in polymerization of HEMA initiated from the surface of CPA-PVP-IBMB-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles yielding CPA-PVP-IBMB-coated γ-Fe2O3/PHEMA nanoparticles. Tests with mice leukemia L1210 cells confirmed nontoxicity of CPA-PVP-IBMB-coated γ-Fe2O3/PHEMA nanoparticles. CPA-PVP-IBMB-coated γ-Fe2O3/PHEMA nanoparticles were easily engulfed by murine macrophages J774.2 and magnetically separated from cells without phagocytic activity.