gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safe magnetic resonance imaging scanning of patients with cardiac rhythm devices: A role for computer modeling (2013)

The framework efficiently models millions of combinations, delivering a robust evaluation of the lead electrode heating hazard. This modeling approach provides a comprehensive safety evaluation that is impossible to achieve using phantom testing, animal studies, or clinical trials alone.
Minimizing collateral damage by proactive surge protection (2007)

Existing mechanisms for defending against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are generally reactive in nature. However, the onset of large-scale bandwidth-based attacks can occur suddenly, potentially knocking out substantial parts of a network before reactive defenses can respond. Even for traffic flows that are not under direct attack, significant collateral damage will result if these flows pass through links that are common to attack routes. This paper presents a proactive-surge-protection (PSP) mechanism that aims to provide a broad first line of defense against DDoS attacks. Our solution aims to minimize collateral damage by providing bandwidth isolation between traffic flows. This isolation is achieved through a combination of traffic forecasting, proportional allocation of network capacity, metering and tagging of packets at the network perimeter, and preferential dropping of packets inside the network. Our solution is readily deployable using existing router mechanisms. Simulations across three large backbone networks show that up to 95.5% of the network could suffer collateral damage without protection, but our solution was able to reduce the amount of collateral damage by 60.5-97.8%, even with a coarse-grained forecasting scheme.
Constrained, multipoint shape optimisation for complex 3D configurations (1998)

Abstract A method for performing three-dimensional, multipoint, lift-constrained drag minimisation for complex aircraft configurations is presented. Parameters representing the aircraft geometry are the design variables used in the solution of an optimisation problem. The compressible Euler equations for the flow are discretised on automatically generated unstructured meshes, and the sensitivities of the objective function and the constraints with respect to the design parameters are efficiently calculated using the discrete adjoint method. In addition, the solution algorithm has been parallelised making the approach feasible for practical applications. Several constrained minimisation strategies are discussed and some numerical tests are carried out for a lift-constrained, two-dimensional problem. The strategy found to work best is demonstrated for the three-dimensional optimisation of a wing-body configuration operating in transonic and supersonic conditions. It is concluded that Euler-based optimisation can be useful as a first step in the design process but that most applications involving transonic flows do require viscous flow modelling to avoid unrealistic pressure distributions.
The Physical Origin of Covalent Bonding (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Quest for a Physical Model of Covalent Bonding Rigorous Basis for Conceptual Reasoning Atoms in Molecules The One-Electron Basis of Covalent Binding: H2+ The Effect of Electronic Interaction in the Covalent Electron Pair Covalent Bonding in Molecules with More than Two Electrons: B2, C2,N2, O2, and F2 Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Possible hepatocellular toxicity of EGCG under the influence of an inflammagen (2014)

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is widely used as a weight controlling supplement. Concerns about its safety evoked after cases of hepatotoxicity occurred upon its use. The underlying factors that could be involved in EGCG associated hepatotoxicity are not fully studied. In this study, we investigated the possible impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as an inflammagen, on the effect of EGCG on hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of EGCG (100, 200, 500 &mu;M), with and without LPS (10 nM)-presensitization of the cells. Viability of HepG2 cells decreased with the increased concentrations of EGCG; the viability was even lesser in LPS-presensitized cells. Oxidative stress (Ox.LDL and CXCL16), the expression of nuclear retinoic receptors (RAR, RXR) and the biomarkers of hepatocellular injury (TNF&alpha;, TGF&beta;1) were all relatively higher in LPS-presensitized cells compared to non-sensitized cells upon treatment with EGCG. Sensitization of HepG2 cells with LPS alone did not affect the viability or any of the other biomarkers considered in this study. In conclusion, EGCG alone can be harmful to liver at high concentrations and this effect may become more pronounced under the influence of an inflammagen.
A novel mutation in IRF6 resulting in VWS–PPS spectrum disorder with renal aplasia (2008)

Abstract Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) and Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) are caused by mutations in the gene interferon regulatory factor 6 ( IRF6 ). Skeletal, genital malformations and involvement of the skin occur in PPS and orofacial clefting and lip pits occur in both. We report on a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, ankyloblepharon, paramedian lip pits, unilateral renal aplasia, and a coronal hypospadias. By sequencing IRF6 , we detected a novel missense mutation (Arg339Ile). The other family members were unaffected and had no IRF6 mutations, including the patient's brother who was also born with hypospadias. The patient and his brother were both conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is discussed whether the renal malformation in the patient is related to the IVF procedure or to the IRF6 mutation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multi-rater comparative study of automatic target localization methods for epilepsy deep brain stimulation procedures (2022)

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages worldwide. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an alternative treatment option when anti-epileptic drugs or respective surgery cannot lead to satisfactory outcomes. To facilitate the planning of the procedure and for its standardization, it is desirable to develop an algorithm to automatically localize the DBS stimulation target, i.e., Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus (ANT), which is a challenging target to plan. In this work, we perform an extensive comparative study by benchmarking various localization methods for ANT-DBS. Specifically, the methods involved in this study include traditional registration method and deep-learning-based methods including heatmap matching and differentiable spatial to numerical transform (DSNT). Our experimental results show that the deep-learning (DL)- based localization methods that are trained with pseudo labels can achieve a performance that is comparable to the inter-rater and intra-rater variability and that they are orders of magnitude faster than traditional methods
A randomized controlled trial of a walking training with simultaneous cognitive demand (dual‐task) in chronic stroke (2018)

Walking with specific additional cognitive distraction (dual-task training) might increase activity more over 12 weeks, but the data are not conclusive.
A Review of the Development of Chicken Lines to Resolve Genes Determining Resistance to Diseases (2000)

The resolution of genes that determine resistance to disease is described using chicken lines maintained at the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL). This description includes a summary 1) of existing selected and inbred lines differing for resistance to viral-induced tumors, i.e., Marek's disease (MD) and lymphoid leukosis (LL), and of the use of inbred and line crosses to define relevant disease-resistant genes, e.g., TV, ALVE, B, R, LY4, TH1, BU1, and IGG1; 2) of the development of TVB*/ALVE congenic lines to establish the affects of endogenous virus (EV) expression on resistance to avian leukosis virus (ALV), and methods to detect ALVE expression; 3) of the development of B congenic lines to define the influence of the MHC on MD resistance and vaccinal immunity, for producing B antisera, and for evaluating DNA sequences of Class I and II genes; and 4) of the current development of 6C.7 recombinant congenic strains (RCS) to define the role of non-MHC genes influencing susceptibility to MD and LL tumors, immune competence, and epistatic effects of genes. The procedures of pedigree mating, to avoid or maintain inbreeding, and of blood-typing, to ensure genetic purity of the lines, are also described.
<title>Near-Infrared Spectral Imaging Michelson Interferometer For Astronomical Applications</title> (1980)

The design and operation of an imaging Michelson interferometer-spectrometer used for near-infrared (0.8 &mu;m to 2.5 &mu;m) spectral imaging is reported. The system employs a rapid scan interferometer modified for stable low resolution (250 cm-1) performance and a 42 element PbS linear detector array. A microcomputer system is described which provides data acquisition, coadding, and Fourier transformation for near real-time presentation of the spectra of all 42 scene elements. The electronic and mechanical designs are discussed and telescope performance data presented.
Off-resonance coupling between a cavity mode and an ensemble of driven spins (2017)

We study the interaction between a superconducting cavity and a spin ensemble. The response of a cavity mode is monitored while simultaneously the spins are driven at a frequency close to their Larmor frequency, which is tuned to a value much higher than the cavity resonance. We experimentally find that the effective damping rate of the cavity mode is shifted by the driven spins. The measured shift in the damping rate is attributed to the retarded response of the cavity mode to the driven spins. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions and fair agreement is found.
Differentiation ofClavibacter michiganensissubsp.sepedonicususing PCR melting profile and variable number of tandem repeat methods (2018)

The potato phytopathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) is a causative agent of bacterial ring rot, which is a serious threat to crops. In EU member countries, Cms is subject to quarantine and has to be combated. The knowledge about the transmission of C. michiganensis strains is limited due to a lack of methods which could be used for epidemiological analysis. In this study, PCR melting profile (PCR MP) and variable number tandem repeat methods were used in Cms epidemiological analysis for the first time. PCR MP was based on the melting temperature analysis of BamHI restriction fragments of chromosomal DNA. Respectively, for the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) method, six loci were identified and used in the differentiation of Cms isolates. PCR MP was used for 93 Cms isolated in Poland. Both PCR MP and VNTR methods were used for the differentiation of 47 Cms strains in this collection. Both these methods were found to be useful for the epidemiological analysis of Cms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The potato phytopathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), is a serious threat to crops and lead to significant economic losses. The only way to control and eliminate the disease caused by this pathogen is the use of certified seed potato and strict quarantine of infected fields. Here, for the first time, two molecular typing methods (PCR melting profile (PCR MP) and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR)) were evaluated in respect of their potential in differentiation of Cms isolates. As a result, we obtained characteristic profiles of DNA fragments (PCR MP) and numeric patterns (VNTR), which enable the intraspecies genotyping of Cms strains confirming the effectiveness of PCR MP and VNTR methods in differentiation of Cms strains.
Encapsulation of Insulin for Oral Administration Preserves Interaction of the Hormone with Its Receptor In Vitro (1992)

It has been shown that insulin associated with nanocapsules of isobutylcyanoacrylate retains biological activity after oral administration to diabetic rats from 6 to 21 days. Because part of this action is unexplained, we focused on the interaction of encapsulated insulin with the insulin receptor in vitro. We have shown that encapsulated insulin is able 1) to bind to insulin receptors both in rat liver plasma membranes and after solubilization from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the gene of human insulin receptor, 2) to accelerate 125I-labeled insulin dissociation from its receptor, and 3) to ensure transduction of a signal leading to stimulation of the beta-subunit phosphorylation, with parameters similar to those of native insulin. In addition, encapsulated 125I-insulin was rapidly internalized in transfected CHO cells. Analysis of cell-associated radioactivity showed that encapsulated insulin remained largely intact (greater than 80%) after 3 h, whereas native insulin was mostly degraded. These data indicate that encapsulated insulin fulfills all the earliest events at the receptor level leading to biological actions and suggests that encapsulation protects insulin against insulin degradation inside the cells.
Mechanisms of the Natriuretic Effects of Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition in Dahl Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Resistant Rats (1994)

To explore the mechanisms of the renal effects of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibition, the effects of an NEP inhibitor, candoxatril (UK 79,300; UK), in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-resistant (SR) rats were examined. UK dose-dependently decreased blood pressure (BP) in SS rats (20 mg/kg: 174 +/- 5 vs. 155 +/- 8 mm Hg, p < 0.01) but not in SR rats. Urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) of both rat strains receiving high-salt diets was increased to a greater extent than that of rats receiving low-salt diets. Basal plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level in hypertensive SS rats was higher than in SR rats (192 +/- 18 vs. 118 +/- 24 pg/ml, p < 0.05). UK increased ANP levels in the plasma and urine two- and 11-fold, respectively. UK-induced increases in UNaV, urinary cyclic GMP, and plasma ANP concentrations were significantly augmented by coadministration of a clearance receptor agonist, C-ANF(4-23) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Thus, the effects of NEP inhibition appear to be potentiated by the reduced receptor-mediated metabolism of ANP. This may explain the greater response to the NEP inhibitor in Dahl rats with hypertension or high-salt feeding.
Scaling Study on High-Current Density Low-Dispersion GaN Vertical FinFETs (2023)

GaN vertical FinFETs on a bulk GaN substrate were fabricated with various fin widths and 400 ns pulsed I-V measurements were performed to investigate their self-heating and DC-RF dispersion. With low-temperature post-gate processes including Ar plasma-enhanced Ohmic contact, a high drain current density ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 175 kA cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and a low gate leakage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&lt; 1\times 10^{-{17}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> kA cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) could be achieved simultaneously. When normalized by the active fin area, the specific on-resistance was 0.030 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 at the drain on-current of 119 kA cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the 300 mm fin-width single-finger device. A 25-finger device with the same fin width and fin-to-fin pitch of 3 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> showed the on-resistance of 0.043 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 (0.43 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 when normalized by the total device area of 6000 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), which was one of the lowest values reported. Low DC-RF dispersion was observed for the devices more than 2.5 mm away from the wafer edge. This study also reports that more influence of self-heating was observed as the fin width scaled down or the number of fingers increased.
Change in the Structure of Heat-Treated Siloxane Oligomers as Observed by FT-IR. (2000)

アルコキシシラン化合物を用いて, 処理条件がシロキサン形態に及ぼす影響を検討した. シロキサン形態はFT-IRの拡散反射法で分析した. 試料はアルコキシシラン溶液で直接処理したKBrを用いた. 処理条件と鎖状シロキサンの生成割合との関係を評価した結果, 処理液濃度が低くなるとシロキサン結合は形成しにくく, 鎖状シロキサン成分の生成割合が高くなることがわかった. この傾向は, トリメトキシ系よりもジメトキシ系のアルコキシシラン化合物で顕著であった. メトキシ基に比べてエトキシ基を末端にもつアルコキシル化合物は, 鎖状シロキサンの生成割合が低かった. 一方, 低沸点の溶媒を処理液に用いた系は, 鎖状シロキサン生成割合が増加した. この傾向は, ケトン系溶媒に比べてアルコール系溶媒で顕著であった.
Vehicle Motion-Related Noise Mitigation Analyses of a Waveglider Towed Array System for Passive Acoustic Marine Mammal Monitoring (2022)

With the proliferation of offshore wind construction and the expected impact to marine mammal habitat by pile driving and increased support vessel traffic, passive acoustic marine mammal monitoring has rapidly become a high priority for academic and commercial research interests, as well as government regulatory agencies. Mobile autonomous sensing systems, such as wavegliders have demonstrated efficient, remote, real-time acoustic monitoring with wide-area coverage, particularly when instrumented with towed hydrophone arrays [1]. Arrays have significant advantages over single hydrophone systems due to their capacity for spatial noise rejection and spatial resolution of acoustic sources. Further, when the array is deployed deep below the sea surface through the use of a long tow cable, system noise levels are reduced by isolation from the various vehicle motion-related noise effects. In this paper, we review the design of a waveglider-based monitoring system first introduced in [1], and report on the noise performance of the system with particular emphasis on physical mechanisms that cause the system noise at low frequency. These include flow-induced effects from the waveglider itself, cable strum induced by vortex shedding from the tow cable, residual vertical motion at the sensor induced by surge and vortex shedding, and turbulent boundary layer flow noise over the moving hydrophone array.
Preface - Proc. Wivace 2013 - Italian Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation (2013)

The Wivace 2013 Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (EPTCS) contain some selected long and short articles accepted for the presentation at Wivace 2013 - Italian Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation, which was held at the University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, on the 1st and 2nd of July, 2013.
Problem Domain Analysis of IoT-Driven Secure Data Markets (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides us with a vast amount of new data day by day, however, currently, most of these are only stored without utilizing their full potential. The attractive concept of data markets can change this situation in the near future and thus we initiate the study of security aspects of such systems. In this work, as a first step, we analyse the data markets based on the possible security requirements of the different participants. We identify more than 30 possible scenarios and connect these to the relevant areas of cryptography. Our analysis also highlights several open problems motivating further research on certain cryptographic primitives.
Photoinduced Energy and Electron-Transfer Processes in Porphyrin−Perylene Bisimide Symmetric Triads (2008)

The photophysics of two symmetric triads, (ZnP)2PBI and (H2P)2PBI, made of two zinc or free-base porphyrins covalently attached to a central perylene bisimide unit has been investigated in dichloromethane and in toluene. The solvent has been shown to affect not only quantitatively but also qualitatively the photophysical behavior. A variety of intercomponent processes (singlet energy transfer, triplet energy transfer, photoinduced charge separation, and recombination) have been time-resolved using a combination of emission spectroscopy and femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved absorption techniques yielding a very detailed picture of the photophysics of these systems. The singlet excited state of the lowest energy chromophore (perylene bisimide in the case of (ZnP)2PBI, porphyrin in the case of (H2P)2PBI) is always quantitatively populated, besides by direct light absorption, by ultrafast singlet energy transfer (few picosecond time constant) from the higher energy chromophore. In dichloromethane, the lowest excited singlet state is efficiently quenched by electron transfer leading to a charge-separated state where the porphyrin is oxidized and the perylene bisimide is reduced. The systems then go back to the ground state by charge recombination. The four charge separation and recombination processes observed for (ZnP)2PBI and (H2P)2PBI in dichloromethane take place in the sub-nanosecond time scale. They obey standard free-energy correlations with charge separation lying in the normal regime and charge recombination in the Marcus inverted region. In less polar solvents, such as toluene, the energy of the charge-separated states is substantially lifted leading to sharp changes in photophysical mechanism. With (ZnP)2PBI, the electron-transfer quenching is still fast, but charge recombination takes place now in the nanosecond time scale and to triplet state products rather than to the ground state. Triplet-triplet energy transfer from the porphyrin to the perylene bisimide is also involved in the subsequent deactivation of the triplet manifold to the ground state. With (H2P)2PBI, on the other hand, the driving force for charge separation is too small for electron-transfer quenching, and the deactivation of the porphyrin excited singlet takes place via intersystem crossing to the triplet followed by triplet energy transfer to the perylene bisimide and final decay to the ground state.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Diazine N‐Oxides with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.