gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight effects on predicted fan flyby noise (1977)

A paper study was made of the impact on PNLT (Perceived Noise Level, Tone corrected) and flyby EPNL (Effective Perceived Noise Level) when forward motion reduces the noise generated by the bypass fan of an aircraft engine. Blade passage frequency (BPF) of a typical subsonic tip-speed fan with BPF tone cutoff design features was systematically varied from 0.5 to 8 kHz. Two cases of predicted flight effects on fan source noise were considered: (1) reduced BPF tone level of 8 dB and (2) reduced broadband noise levels of about 2 dB in addition to reduced tone level. The fan source noise attained its maximum perceived noise reduction due to flight effects at a BPF of 4 kHz. The PNLT was reduced 7.6 and 10.0 dB for cases (1) and (2), respectively. The maximum reduction in 500-ft sideline flyby noise occurred at a BPF of 2.5 kHz. The EPNL was reduced 5.0 and 7.8 dB for cases (1) and (2), respectively. A factor of 2 change in tone frequency gave about one-half the maximum EPNL reduction.
Fas Ligand (CD95L) Protects Neurons Against Perforin- Mediated T Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity (2001)

Previous work showed that neurons of the CNS are protected against perforin-mediated T cell cytotoxicity, but are susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis. In this study, we report that Fas ligand (FasL) expression by neurons is involved in protection against perforin-mediated T cell cytotoxicity. Gene transcripts for FasL were identified in single murine hippocampal neurons by RT-PCR combined with patch clamp electrophysiology, and constitutive expression of FasL protein was confirmed in neurons by immunohistochemistry. Neurons derived from wild-type C57BL/6 (BL6) mice and mutant BL6.gld mice lacking functional FasL were confronted with allogeneic CTLs and continuously monitored in real time for changes in levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), an indicator of cytotoxic damage. Perforin-mediated plasma membrane lysis, characterized by rapid, massive [Ca(2+)](i) influx into the target cells within 0.5 h, was not detected in wild-type neurons. In striking contrast, FasL-deficient neurons showed rapid increase in [Ca(2+)](i) within 0.5 h, reflecting perforin-dependent cell lysis. FasL seems to protect neurons by blocking degranulation of CTLs, since CD3-induced release of cytotoxic granules was reduced by coapplication of Fas-specific Abs or rFasL.
Nizatidine: a new histamine receptor blocker in the treatment of active duodenal ulcers. (1986)

Forty-three patients with newly diagnosed duodenal ulcers were treated with a new histamine blocker, nizatidine, and with placebo. The incidence of complete endoscopic healing was 38, 74, and 82% in the nizatidine treated patients compared with 25, 37, and 50% in the placebo treated group after 2, 4, and 8 wk of treatment, respectively. Nizatidine was clearly more effective than placebo after 4 wk of treatment. The size of unhealed ulcers decreased more than 50% in 62, 50, and 50% in the nizatidine treated groups versus 27, 25, and 40% in the placebo treated groups after 2, 4, and 8 wk of treatment, respectively. The difference between the two was not statistically significant for any given period. There was a significant correlation between day pain relief and ulcer healing in both treatment groups. Nizatidine significantly improved day pain relief only after 8 wk of treatment (p less than 0.01). No patient developed any side effects as a result of nizatidine treatment, except that the serum creatinine level rose from 1.05 to 1.1 mg/100 ml but still remained within the normal accepted range. This study demonstrated that nizatidine at 150 mg po bid could be effectively used in the treatment of duodenal ulcer disease.
Synthetic PreImplantation Factor (sPIF)# neuroprotective role in intracranial stem cell transplantation: Encephalopathy of prematurity rat model (2013)

Background: Premature birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although improvements in perinatal and neonatal care reduce mortality, morbidity remains a serious challenge. Survivors of premature birth will confront enormous neurological problems. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) are a promising source for cell transplant. Embryo-derived PIF modulates systemic maternal immunity without suppression. PIF also reverses neuroinflammation (severe paralysis) while imparting neuroprotective/neurogenerative activity (multiple sclerosis models) and prevents juvenile diabetes while preserving islet function, by reducing oxidative stress and protein misfolding and controlling macrophages.
Mechanotransduction of Strain Regulates an Invasive Phenotype in Newly Transformed Epithelial Cells (2021)

Our organs and tissues are in constant motion, exposing epithelial cells to mechanical stretch. How these external forces impact cellular morphology, organization and dynamics in healthy and diseased tissues is still being elucidated. Carcinoma, the most common type of cancer, develops in the sheets of cells forming the epithelium and lining our organs and cavities. It usually begins with the transformation of a single cell via the activation of oncogenes such as Ras. Here, we show in a model system how mechanical stretch in epithelial sheets results in a more invasive phenotype in transformed cells. Cyclic strain impedes the apical extrusion of Ras V12 cells from the healthy monolayer and prevents the formation of strong circumferential belts of actin in Ras V12 cells. Concurrently, strain also changes the metastatic phenotype of newly transformed cells by greatly promoting the formation of Ras V12 protrusions, potentially making them harder to be eliminated from healthy tissues. We also show that Ras V12 and wild type MDCK cells possess distinct sensitivity to strain. External forces remodel their actin cytoskeletons and adhesion complexes differently, resulting in a more invasive system dynamic. Our work demonstrates that the Rho-ROCK mechanotransduction pathway is involved in regulating a mechanically-induced switch to a more invasive phenotype. The insights gained in this study reveal that the complex dynamics at play in healthy and transformed epithelial cells is drastically different in a mechanically active microenvironment when compared to static conditions.
Jaguar Distribution in Brazil: Past, Present and Future (2008)

Historically, jaguars lived from southern Argentina to the southwestern United States, but due to anthropogenic pres-sure, their range has been reduced to less than 46 % of its original size. As almost half of this area is within Brazilian territory, the country is key to future jaguar conservation. Knowledge of geographic distribution has been recognized as an important issue to support conservation plans, and recently, climatic change has been shown to influence species distribution. This study estimated potential jaguar distribution using ecological niche modeling. We accumulated 1,049 jaguar occurrence points and used climate and topographic data as predictive variables. We employed the Mahalanobis Distance Method to produce a historical and future distribution map, considering values for current and future climate, respectively. To estimate current jaguar distribution, we restricted the historical distribution according to the jaguar’s preferred habitat classes. While range of distribution changed little from current to future climate, the extent of more suitable areas was reduced. Areas with high predicted future suitability are currently under habitat conversion. Compa-rison of these maps enables the identification of important areas for jaguar conservation in Brazil. On a global scale, the biggest threats to biodiversity result from human oc-cupation of natural landscapes (Ehr-lich 1997). The conversion of natural
The Average Effect of Emergency Department Admission on Readmission and Mortality for Older Adults With Chest Pain (2020)

Our findings suggest ED admission may prevent readmission at the cost of increasing mortality risk for older chest pain patients, especially those with comorbidity. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.
Method for Detection of Specific Nucleic Acids by Recombinant Protein with Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer (2005)

Detection of specific nucleic acids is important to understand cellular mechanisms and functions of gene regulation. Here, we demonstrated a novel method to detect specific nucleic acids using recombinant protein and oligonucleotides. A recombinant protein YRGnC-11ad, which has a Rev-peptide between enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) was constructed and expressed in HeLa cells. Rev-peptide, which corresponds to amino acids 34-50 of the HIV-1 Rev protein, indicates disordered structure in solution but forms alpha-helical and elongated conformation upon binding to Rev response element RNA (RRE-RNA) and Rev-aptamer, respectively. We confirmed that YRGnC-11ad could specifically bind to RRE-RNA and Rev-aptamer in cell lysate, and fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal was changed upon binding following the conformational change of Rev-peptide. To utilize this FRET signal change toward the detection of specific nucleic acids, we split the RRE-RNA sequence and connected to the complementary oligonucleotide for target nucleic acids. When each two oligonucleotides hybridized to an adjacent region of target nucleic acids correctly, a Rev-peptide binding site was reformed on the hybridized complex. And we could confirm that YRGnC-11ad recombinant protein indicated FRET increase upon binding to the hybridized complex in cell lysate. These results suggest that the recombinant protein probe is available for specific nucleic acid detection.
Dual Adaptive Nonlinear Droop Control of VSC-MTDC System for Improved Transient Stability and Provision of Primary Frequency Support (2021)

This paper presents an adaptive nonlinear droop control (ANLDC) strategy for the voltage source converter (VSC) in multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) system, which enables the converters to provide primary frequency control for connected AC grids. The presented strategy inherits the concept of an emergency control approach. In normal condition when there is no significant deviation in RoCoF and DC voltage, it will be in inactive mode. The combination of two control techniques, nonlinear frequency-droop control, and nonlinear voltage-droop control results in a dual nonlinear controller that includes the advantages of both of them at the same time. The ANLDC strategy bears the advantage of the traditional droop control that is based on local measurements and there is no need for a communication system. The simulation results indicate that the AC/DC station with the proposed dual control strategy can improve simultaneously the primary frequency response and transient stability of the connected AC grid.
Asthma and Allergic Diseases in Pregnancy (2009)

Asthma and allergic disorders can affect the course and outcome of pregnancy. Pregnancy itself may also affect the course of asthma and related diseases. Optimal management of these disorders during pregnancy is vital to ensure the welfare of the mother and the baby.Specific pharmacological agents for treatment of asthma or allergic diseases must be cautiously selected and are discussed here with respect to safety considerations in pregnancy. Although most drugs do not harm the fetus, this knowledge is incomplete. Any drug may carry a small risk that must be balanced against the benefits of keeping the mother and baby healthy. The goals and principles of management for acute and chronic asthma, rhinitis, and dermatologic disorders are the same during pregnancy as those for asthma in the general population.Diagnosis of allergy during pregnancy should mainly consist of the patient's history and in vitro testing.The assured and well-evaluated risk factors revealed for sensitization in mother and child are very limited, to date, and include alcohol consumption, exposure to tobacco smoke, maternal diet and diet of the newborn, drug usage, and insufficient exposure to environmental bacteria. Consequently, the recommendations for primary and secondary preventive measures are also very limited in number and verification.
Words matter: how ecologists discuss managed and non-managed bees and birds (2023)

Abstract Effectively promoting the stability and quality of ecosystem services involves the successful management of domesticated species and the control of introduced species. In the pollinator literature, interest and concern regarding pollinator species and pollinator health dramatically increased in recent years. Concurrently, the use of loaded terms when discussing domesticated and non-native species may have increased. As a result, pollinator ecology has inherited both the confusion associated with invasion biology’s lack of a standardized terminology to describe native, managed, or introduced species as well as loaded terms with very strong positive or negative connotations. The recent explosion of research on native bees and alternative pollinators, coupled with the use of loaded language, has led to a perceived divide between native bee and managed bee researchers. In comparison, the bird literature discusses the study of managed (poultry) and non-managed (all other birds) species without an apparent conflict with regard to the use of terms with strong connotations or sentiment. Here, we analyze word usage when discussing non-managed and managed bee and bird species in 3614 ecological and evolutionary biology papers published between 1990 and 2019. Using time series analyses, we demonstrate how the use of specific descriptor terms (such as wild, introduced, and exotic) changed over time. We then conducted co-citation network analyses to determine whether papers that share references have similar terminology and sentiment. We predicted a negative language bias towards introduced species and positive language bias towards native species. We found an association between the term invasive and bumble bees and we observed significant increases in the usage of more ambiguous terms to describe non-managed species, such as wild . We detected a negative sentiment associated with the research area of pathogen spillover in bumble bees, which corroborates the subjectivity that language carries. We recommend using terms that acknowledge the role of human activities on pathogen spillover and biological invasions. Avoiding the usage of loaded terms when discussing managed and non-managed species will advance our understanding and promote effective and productive communication across scientists, general public, policy makers and other stake holders in our society.
Secure Transmission in Multicell Massive MIMO Systems (2014)

In this paper, we consider physical layer security provisioning in multicell massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Specifically, we consider secure downlink transmission in a multicell massive MIMO system with matched-filter precoding and artificial noise (AN) generation at the base station (BS) in the presence of a passive multiantenna eavesdropper. We investigate the resulting achievable ergodic secrecy rate and the secrecy outage probability for the cases of perfect training and pilot contamination. Thereby, we consider two different AN shaping matrices, namely, the conventional AN shaping matrix, where the AN is transmitted in the null space of the matrix formed by all user channels, and a random AN shaping matrix, which avoids the complexity associated with finding the null space of a large matrix. Our analytical and numerical results reveal the following, in multicell massive MIMO systems employing matched-filter precoding: 1) AN generation is required to achieve a positive ergodic secrecy rate if the user and the eavesdropper experience the same path loss; 2) even with AN generation, secure transmission may not be possible if the number of eavesdropper antennas is too large and not enough power is allocated to channel estimation; 3) for a given fraction of power allocated to AN and a given number of users, in case of pilot contamination, the ergodic secrecy rate is not a monotonically increasing function of the number of BS antennas; and 4) random AN shaping matrices provide a favorable performance/complexity tradeoff and are an attractive alternative to conventional AN shaping matrices.
Reflective EUVL tool design with generalized Gaussian constant mathematics (2018)

This study aims to develop a systematic design procedure for extreme ultraviolet lithography tools. Through analysis using generalized Gaussian constants, relationships between optical properties and requirements can be obtained, and can be used to help ensure that optical system properties required for the tool are upheld during the design process. As verification of the design method, an eight-mirror 0.4 NA tool design has been demonstrated.
Genome composition with mismatches and its application to phylogeny (2014)

A novel approach for inferring phylogeny on a group of taxa. This is an alignment-free approach which considers the mutual occurrences of l-mers with at most k mismatches between a pair of DNA sequences in order to define a distance the species. This techinque, though quadratic in the average size of the sequences in time, leads to reliable phylogenetic trees. Tests have been performed on a mitochondrial DNA dataset and a retroid viruses dataset with optima results
Exploring the Importance of the Relative Solubility of Matrix and Analyte in MALDI Sample Preparation Using HPLC (2004)

New insight into the role of solubility in the sample preparation process for MALDI MS is reported. Reversed-phase gradient HPLC conditions were developed that enable the analysis of a broad range of analyte polarities with a single method. This HPLC method was used to establish a relative polarity scale for a series of 15 MALDI matrix materials, a set of example peptides, and a series of model polymer materials with a broad range of polarity. Examples of each polymer type within the range of 6000-10,000 were analyzed with six matrixes that cover a broad range of polarity using MALDI TOFMS. With regard to polymer signal-to-noise ratio, the matrix and polymer combinations that had a close match of HPLC retention time produced the best MALDI spectra. Conversely, the matrix and polymer combinations that have a large difference in HPLC retention time produced poor MALDI spectra. The results suggest that there is a relationship between polarity (solubility) and effective MALDI sample preparation. The relative HPLC retention time of an unknown polymer can serve as a starting point for predicting the matrix (or range of matrixes) that would be most effective.
Estudio de propiedades químicas y térmicas de membranas compuestas de poli(alcohol vinílico) reticulado depositado sobre un soporte poroso de polietersulfona (2016)

Fil: Villagra Di Carlo, Betina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Quimica. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Quimica; Argentina
Integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing identifies a noncoding mutation in the genome replication factor DONSON as the cause of microcephaly-micromelia syndrome (2017)

While next-generation sequencing has accelerated the discovery of human disease genes, progress has been largely limited to the "low hanging fruit" of mutations with obvious exonic coding or canonical splice site impact. In contrast, the lack of high-throughput, unbiased approaches for functional assessment of most noncoding variants has bottlenecked gene discovery. We report the integration of transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), which surveys all mRNAs to reveal functional impacts of variants at the transcription level, into the gene discovery framework for a unique human disease, microcephaly-micromelia syndrome (MMS). MMS is an autosomal recessive condition described thus far in only a single First Nations population and causes intrauterine growth restriction, severe microcephaly, craniofacial anomalies, skeletal dysplasia, and neonatal lethality. Linkage analysis of affected families, including a very large pedigree, identified a single locus on Chromosome 21 linked to the disease (LOD > 9). Comprehensive genome sequencing did not reveal any pathogenic coding or canonical splicing mutations within the linkage region but identified several nonconserved noncoding variants. RNA-seq analysis detected aberrant splicing in <i>DONSON</i> due to one of these noncoding variants, showing a causative role for <i>DONSON</i> disruption in MMS. We show that <i>DONSON</i> is expressed in progenitor cells of embryonic human brain and other proliferating tissues, is co-expressed with components of the DNA replication machinery, and that <i>Donson</i> is essential for early embryonic development in mice as well, suggesting an essential conserved role for DONSON in the cell cycle. Our results demonstrate the utility of integrating transcriptomics into the study of human genetic disease when DNA sequencing alone is not sufficient to reveal the underlying pathogenic mutation.
Thermodynamics of the physisorption of capping agents on silver nanoparticles (2023)

Nanoscale silver particles have growing applications in biomedical and other technologies due to their unique antibacterial, optical, and electrical properties. The preparation of metal nanoparticles requires the action of a capping agent, such as thiol-containing compounds, to provide colloidal stability, prevent agglomeration, stop uncontrolled growth, and attenuate oxidative damage. However, despite the extensive use of these thiol-based capping agents, the structure of the capping agent layers on the metal surface and the thermodynamics of the formation of these layers remains poorly understood. Here, we leverage molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculation techniques, to study the behavior of citrate and four thiol-containing capping agents commonly used to protect silver nanoparticles from oxidation. We have studied the single-molecule adsorption of these capping agents to the metal-water interface, their coalescence into clusters, and the formation of complete monolayers covering the metal nanoparticle. At sufficiently high concentrations, we find that allylmercaptan, lipoic acid, and mercaptohexanol spontaneously self-assemble into ordered layers with the thiol group in contact with the metal surface. The high density and ordered structure is presumably responsible for their improved protective characteristics relative to the other compounds studied.
Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research. (1986)

Research with human subjects is an essential part of modern medicine. Since the 1960s, when knowledge of research abuses surfaced and federal regulation of human subject research began, it has been a focus of ethical and regulatory controversy. Today, a regulatory system of prior review by mixed-peer bodies, called institutional review boards (IRBs), is firmly in place in every hospital, medical school, and research facility in the country. Robert Levine's Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research is an excellent summary of the key ethical and regulatory issues that arise in running the IRB system. The author draws on his wide experience in human subject research as chair of the Human Use Committee of the Yale University School of Medicine, as consultant and member of various national commissions, as editor of Clinical Research and IRB: A Review of Human Subject Research , and as a prolific writer and speaker on the subject.