gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON THE HARDENABILITY OF SELF-HARDENING STEELS (1958)

Hardenabilities of 17 self-hardening steels were investigated with reference to the relation of hardness vs. "half-temperature time". Mass effects of these steels were deduced from the grossmann's diagram, and the results showed good coincidence with experimental values. Due to the above investigation, it became obvious that there was a considerable difference ameng hardenabilities of various self-hardening steels.Further, the authors referred to the secondary hardening characteristics of these steels due to tempering after slack quenching at various cooling rates. As the results, bainite seemed to be stable for temper-softening and qualifiedfor the transformation and precipitation which led to a secondary hardening.
Unwarping of unidirectionally distorted EPI images (2000)

Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is a fast nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method. Unfortunately, local magnetic field inhomogeneities induced mainly by the subject's presence cause significant geometrical distortion, predominantly along the phase-encoding direction, which must be undone to allow for meaningful further processing. So far, this aspect has been too often neglected. In this paper, we suggest a new approach using an algorithm specifically developed for the automatic registration of distorted EPI images with corresponding anatomically correct MRI images. We model the deformation field with splines, which gives us a great deal of flexibility, while comprising the affine transform as a special case. The registration criterion is least squares. Interestingly, the complexity of its evaluation does not depend on the resolution of the control grid. The spline model gives us good accuracy thanks to its high approximation order. The short support of splines leads to a fast algorithm. A multiresolution approach yields robustness and additional speedup. The algorithm was tested on real as well as synthetic data, and the results were compared with a manual method. A wavelet-based Sobolev-type random deformation generator was developed for testing purposes. A blind test indicates that the proposed automatic method is faster, more reliable, and more precise than the manual one.
Who falls for phish? (2010)

In this paper we present the results of a roleplay survey instrument administered to 1001 online survey respondents to study both the relationship between demographics and phishing susceptibility and the effectiveness of several anti-phishing educational materials. Our results suggest that women are more susceptible than men to phishing and participants between the ages of 18 and 25 are more susceptible to phishing than other age groups. We explain these demographic factors through a mediation analysis. Educational materials reduced users' tendency to enter information into phishing webpages by 40% percent; however, some of the educational materials we tested also slightly decreased participants' tendency to click on legitimate links.
Segregation-Induced Degradation in Hydrogen Storage Mg-based Thin Films (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Novel KITLG/SCF regulatory variants are associated with lung function in African American children with asthma (2020)

ABSTRACT Baseline lung function, quantified as forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation (FEV 1 ), is a standard diagnostic criterion used by clinicians to identify and classify lung diseases. Using whole genome sequencing data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute TOPMed project, we identified a novel genetic association with FEV 1 on chromosome 12 in 867 African American children with asthma (p = 1.26 × 10 −8 , β = 0.302). Conditional analysis within 1 Mb of the tag signal (rs73429450) yielded one major and two other weaker independent signals within this peak. We explored statistical and functional evidence for all variants in linkage disequilibrium with the three independent signals and yielded 9 variants as the most likely candidates responsible for the association with FEV 1 . Hi-C data and eQTL analysis demonstrated that these variants physically interacted with KITLG (aka SCF) and their minor alleles were associated with increased expression of KITLG gene in nasal epithelial cells. Gene-by-air-pollution interaction analysis found that the candidate variant rs58475486 interacted with past-year SO 2 exposure (p = 0.003, β = 0.32). This study identified a novel protective genetic association with FEV 1 , possibly mediated through KITLG , in African American children with asthma.
Combinatorial probabilistic chromatin interactions produce transcriptional heterogeneity (2009)

Gene regulation often appears deterministic in the average cell population, but transcription is a probabilistic process at the single-cell level. Although many mechanisms are invoked to account for this behavior, it is difficult to determine how cell-to-cell variation in the interactions of transcription factors with target chromatin impact transcriptional output. Here, we use cells that contain a 200-copy tandem array of promoter or reporter gene units to simultaneously visualize transient interaction, equilibrium or steady-state binding of fluorescent-protein-labeled glucocorticoid receptor with its DNA response elements, the recruitment of diverse coregulators, and transcriptional output at the single-cell level. These regulatory proteins associate with target chromatin via a probabilistic mechanism that produces cell-to-cell variability in binding. The multiple steps of this process are partially independent and differ between individual regulators. The association level of each regulator influences the transcriptional output in individual cells, but this does not account for all transcriptional heterogeneity. Additionally, specific combinatorial interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor and coregulators with response elements regulate transcription at the single-cell level. Like many endogenous genes, the average array transcriptional activity evolves over time. This apparently deterministic average temporal promoter progression involves changes in the probability that specific combinatorial glucocorticoid receptor and coregulator interactions will occur on the response elements in single cells. These data support the emerging ;return-to-template' transcription model, which mechanistically unifies the observed extremely transient interactions between the transcription factor and response elements, cell-to-cell variability in steady-state association of factors with chromatin, and the resulting heterogeneous gene expression between individual cells.
Synthetic Studies toward Actinorhodin and γ‐Actinorhodin by using a Homo‐coupling Strategy: Synthesis of Hemiactinorhodin and Hemi‐γ‐actinorhodin (2015)

Abstract A homo‐coupling strategy toward the synthesis of actinorhodin and γ‐actinorhodin has been explored. The monomeric unit was synthesized by employing an efficient combination of Dötz benzannulation and oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reactions. Attempts towards oxidative homo‐coupling of the pyranonaphthalene monomer intermediate to give dimer were unsuccessful. Later, monomer pyranonaphthalene was carried forward to complete the synthesis of hemiactinorhodin and hemi‐γ‐actinorhodin.
Ultra Broadband Mid-Infrared Ge-on-Sipolarization Rotator (2019)

The design and modelling of an ultra broadband Ge-on-Si waveguide polarization rotator is presented. The polarization rotator demonstrates high extinction ratio (≥ 18.5 dB) and low insertion loss (≤ 1 dB) over the full operating range of 8 to 11 μm wavelength.
Patients with CD45 negative multiple myeloma receiving high-dose therapy have a shorter survival than those with CD45 positive multiple myeloma. (2004)

The CD45 negative phenotype could reflect the phenotype of progressive disease in relation to the intrinsic malignancy of the MM clone. Indeed, CD45 negative myeloma cells appear to have a greater capacity to circulate, disseminate and clone as well as being less sensitive to apoptosis.
Type I interferon receptor-independent and -dependent host transcriptional responses to mouse hepatitis coronavirus infection in vivo (2009)

Transcriptional profiling of mice infected with MHV demonstrated the induction of a robust IFN response, which correlated with the viral load. Profiling of IFNAR-/- mice allowed us to identify type I IFN-independent and -dependent responses. Overall, this study broadens our present knowledge of the type I and II IFN-mediated effector responses during CoV infection in vivo.
Critical Meniscus Height of Liquids at the Circular Edge of Cylindrical Rods and Disks (2008)

In this study, we examined the maximum meniscus height of liquids at the top edge of vertically oriented rods and disks. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and polycarbonate (PC) rods (and disks) were placed in clear containers, and then water or ethylene glycol was slowly added. Liquid rose along the sides of the rods before forming a meniscus around the top edge. The maximum meniscus height was measured at the critical juncture just before liquid engulfed the top of the rod. In each case, the critical meniscus height increased with the rod diameter. With greater surface tension and lesser density, water showed larger menisci for a given material and rod diameter than ethylene glycol. The wettability of the rods strongly influenced the meniscus height. The more lyophobic PTFE rods showed taller menisci than the PC rods for both liquids. A simple analytical expression allowed accurate estimation of the meniscus height from the rod diameter and the inherent material properties of the liquid and solid.
A structural model of a Ras-Raf signalosome (2020)

Abstract The protein K-Ras functions as a molecular switch in signaling pathways regulating cell growth. In the MAPK pathway, which is implicated in many cancers, multiple K-Ras proteins are thought to assemble at the cell membrane with Ras-effector proteins from the Raf family. Here we propose an atomistic structural model for such an assembly. Our starting point was an asymmetric, GTP-mediated K-Ras dimer model, which we generated using unbiased molecular dynamics simulations and verified with mutagenesis experiments. Adding further K-Ras monomers in a head-to-tail fashion led to a compact helical assembly, a model we validated using electron microscopy and cell-based experiments. This assembly stabilizes K-Ras in its active state and presents composite interfaces to facilitate Raf binding. Guided by existing experimental data, we then positioned C-Raf, the downstream kinase MEK1, and accessory proteins (Galectin-3 and 14-3-3σ) on the helical assembly. The resulting Ras-Raf signalosome model offers an explanation for a large body of data on MAPK signaling.
4-Substituted thiophene- and furan-2-sulfonamides as topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (1992)

A series of 4-substituted thiophene- and furan-2-sulfonamides was prepared and was found to possess nanomolar-level potency for inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase II in vitro. Selected examples from this group were further evaluated for their potential to act as topically effective ocular hypotensive agents in the ocular normotensive albino rabbit and the ocular alpha-chymotrypsinized rabbit. Solubility studies in water and pH 7.4 buffer were carried out to estimate the ability of compounds to be formulated in solution. The sensitization potential of key representative structures was determined by in vitro glutathione reactivity studies and guinea pig maximization testing.
Analytical Investigation of a Thermal-Supercharged Internal Combustion Engine Compounded With Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery (2017)

Waste heat recovery is seen as one of the key enablers in achieving powertrain of high efficiency. The exhaust waste heat from an internal combustion engine (ICE) is known to be nearly equivalent to its brake power. Any energy recovered from the waste heat, which otherwise would be discarded, may directly enhance the overall thermal efficiency of a powertrain. Rankine cycle (indirect-recovery method) has been a favorable mean of waste heat recovery due to its rather high power density yet imposing significantly lesser back pressure to the engine compared to a direct-recovery method. This paper presents the analytical investigation of a thermal-supercharged ICE compounded with Rankine cycle. This system removes the turbocharger turbine to further mitigate the exhaust back pressure to the engine, and the turbocharger compressor is powered by the waste heat recovered from the exhaust stream. Extra caution has been taken when exchanging the in/output parameters between the engine and Rankine cycle model to have a more realistic predictions. Such configuration improves the engine BSFC performance by 2.4–3.9%. Water, Benzene and R245fa are found to be equally good choice of working fluid for the Rankine cycle, and can further advance the BSFC performance by 4.0–4.8% despite running at minimum pressure setting. The off-design analyses suggested the operating pressure of Rankine cycle and its expander efficiency have the largest influence to the gross system performance.
Application of robotics to stereotactic neurosurgery (1987)

Advances in the field of stereotactic neurosurgery have depended on improvements in brain-imaging techniques, as well as development of new stereotactic frame systems. This paper describes the development of a stereotactic system based on a robotics model. The system employs the Unimation Puma Mark II Robotic System, specifically modified for use in stereotactic surgery. The robotic CT stereotactic system is mounted in a dedicated operating suite, containing a CT scanning gantry and adjacent computer room. Stereotactic coordinates are derived from CT scan data obtained intraoperatively and transferred by computer link to the robotic stereotactic system. The robotic arm is driven into place to align with predetermined coordinates. A variety of stereotactic procedures may then be carried out using the robotic 'hand' as a guide to the target. So far, the device has been used, only for lesion biopsy. However, future applications to functional neurosurgery are anticipated.
Working Memory for Location and Identity in Williams Syndrome (2004)

People with Williams syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorder, have an unusual profile of strengths and weaknesses in visual processing, with impaired visuospatial functions and apparently spared face and object recognition. To determine whether this striking profile is reflected in working memory differences, we compared memory for exact location versus recognition of individual objects in WS. The same stimuli — either faces or houses — were used in both the Location and Identity Conditions. A black and white photo appeared (.5 s) in one of 24 locations on a computer monitor. After a 2 second delay, a second photo appeared (.5 s). In the Location Condition, subjects judged whether the second photo was in the same location as the first; in the Identity Condition, they judged whether it was the same individual face or house. A control condition examined memory for location with the faces phase-scrambled (i.e., mottled gray squares) to ensure that the objects themselves didn't distract subjects from making accurate location judgements. Fourteen participants with WS, ages 10 to 38, were compared to 14 normally developing children, ages 4 to 8, matched to the WS group on mental age (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test). A 2 (Group: WS vs. Control) × 2 (Condition: Location vs. Identity) × 2 (Stimuli: Faces vs. Houses) Repeated Measures ANOVA revealed a trend for performance in the WS group to be poorer than the control group across all conditions. Planned comparisons contrasted the WS and control groups on each of the 5 conditions. These analyses found that the WS group performed worse than the mental age matched controls on all conditions except the Face Identity Condition. The impairment included the House Identity Condition. However, recognizing houses may require more spatial processing than does recognizing faces, and so studies using other objects are required. People with WS seem to have a general working memory deficit, but memory for faces is relatively spared.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN SANTILLI'S ELETONIC MODEL OF THE HADRONIC STRUCTURE (1988)

We study the nonlinear dynamics of Santilli's eletonic model of hadronic structure within the context of the theory of so-called stable and unstable groups. We first derive the nonlinear equations of order p and 2p, and define the corresponding p- and 2p-chaotic functions. We then initiate the study of their local solutions and golbal stability. New perspectives on nonlinear equations appear to emerge from our study, such as the lack of randomness in the flow, which are expected to be relevant for the understanding of certain aspects of hadronic physics, such as the mean life.
Longitudinal Associations of Mental Disorders With Dementia (2022)

In this study, mental disorders were associated with the onset of dementia in the population. Ameliorating mental disorders in early life might also ameliorate neurodegenerative conditions and extend quality of life in old age.
Carbon Nanotube Based Deuterium Ion Source for Improved Neutron Generators (2009)

Field ionization uses high electric fields to cause the ionization and emission of ions from the surface of a sharp electrode. We are developing a novel field ionization neutron generator using carbon nanotubes (CNT) to produce the deuterium ion current. The generator consists of three major components: a deuterium ion source made of carbon nanotubes, a smooth negatively‐biased target electrode, and a secondary electron suppression system. When a negative high voltage is applied on the target electrode, a high gradient electric field is formed at the tips of the carbon nanotubes. This field is sufficiently strong to create deuterium (D) ions at or near the nanotubes which are accelerated to the target causing D‐D reactions to occur and the production of neutrons. A cross magnetic field is used to suppress secondary emission electrons generated on the target surface. We have demonstrated field ionization currents of 70 nA (1 μA/cm2) at hydrogen gas pressure of 10 mTorr. We have found that the current scales proportionally with CNT area and also with the gas pressure in the range of 1 mTorr to 10 mTorr. We have demonstrated pulse cut‐off times as short as 2 μsec. Finally, we have shown the feasibility of generating neutrons using deuterium gas.
Generation of Radio Frequency Plasma in High-Conductivity NaCl Solution (2012)

Experimental investigations were carried out on RF plasma within a ceramic tube placed on an insulating plate in dense NaCl solution (1.7–24.5 S m-1). RF power was applied between two electrodes, and the insulating plate was placed between them. Upon performing spectroscopic measurements, we observed H and OH lines as well as strong Na lines in the emission spectra of RF plasma. Colored solution containing methylene blue was exposed to the plasma. The absorbance spectra of the colored solution before and after exposure to RF plasma clearly show that obvious degradation of methylene blue was realized.
Enzymatic glucose biosensor based on ZnO nanorod array grown by hydrothermal decomposition (2006)

We report herein a glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on ZnO nanorod array grown by hydrothermal decomposition. In a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 7.4, negatively charged GOx was immobilized on positively charged ZnO nanorods through electrostatic interaction. At an applied potential of +0.8V versus Ag∕AgCl reference electrode, ZnO nanorods based biosensor presented a high and reproducible sensitivity of 23.1μAcm−2mM−1 with a response time of less than 5s. The biosensor shows a linear range from 0.01to3.45mM and an experiment limit of detection of 0.01mM. An apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of 2.9mM shows a high affinity between glucose and GOx immobilized on ZnO nanorods.
The Infrared Handbook (1985)

Abstract : Contents: Radiation Theory, Artificial Sources, Natural Sources, Atmospheric Scattering, Atmospheric Absorption, Propagation Through Atmospheric Turbulence, Optical Materials, Optical Design, Optical Elements-Lenses and Mirrors, Optical-Mechanical Scanning Techniques and Devices, Detectors, Charge- Coupled Devices, Imaging tubes, Photographic Film, Cooling Systems, Detector- Associated Electronics, Reticle and Image Analyses, Displays, Imaging Systems, Radiometry, Warning Systems, Tracking Systems, Ranging, Communications, and Simulation Systems, Aerodynamic Influences on Infrared System Design, and Physical Constants and Conversion Factors.
Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Patterning of Molecular Resists by Scanning Probes (2010)

For patterning organic resists, optical and electron beam lithography are the most established methods; however, at resolutions below 30 nanometers, inherent problems result from unwanted exposure of the resist in nearby areas. We present a scanning probe lithography method based on the local desorption of a glassy organic resist by a heatable probe. We demonstrate patterning at a half pitch down to 15 nanometers without proximity corrections and with throughputs approaching those of Gaussian electron beam lithography at similar resolution. These patterns can be transferred to other substrates, and material can be removed in successive steps in order to fabricate complex three-dimensional structures.
DNA damage response clamp 9-1-1 promotes assembly of ZMM proteins for formation of crossovers and synaptonemal complex (2015)

Formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is positively regulated by the ZMM proteins (also known as SIC proteins). DNA damage checkpoint proteins also promote efficient formation of interhomolog crossovers. Here, we examined, in budding yeast, the meiotic role of the heterotrimeric DNA damage response clamp composed of Rad17, Ddc1 and Mec3 (known as '9-1-1' in other organisms) and a component of the clamp loader, Rad24 (known as Rad17 in other organisms). Cytological analysis indicated that the 9-1-1 clamp and its loader are not required for the chromosomal loading of RecA homologs Rad51 or Dmc1, but are necessary for the efficient loading of ZMM proteins. Interestingly, the loading of ZMM proteins onto meiotic chromosomes was independent of the checkpoint kinase Mec1 (the homolog of ATR) as well as Rad51. Furthermore, the ZMM member Zip3 (also known as Cst9) bound to the 9-1-1 complex in a cell-free system. These data suggest that, in addition to promoting interhomolog bias mediated by Rad51-Dmc1, the 9-1-1 clamp promotes crossover formation through a specific role in the assembly of ZMM proteins. Thus, the 9-1-1 complex functions to promote two crucial meiotic recombination processes, the regulation of interhomolog recombination and crossover formation mediated by ZMM.