gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
44.5: Dynamic Wide‐Color‐Gamut RGBW Display (2007)

Abstract LCD displays with an additional white primary (RGBW displays) have some clear advantages over conventional RGB displays. Firstly, they can transmit 50% more light and secondly they can have 50% more resolution compared to a conventional RGB display. RGBW displays also have a clear disadvantage; the display gamut does not match with the standard three‐primary (RGB) input gamut. Up to now, this resulted in rather poor color rendition of such displays, which prevented mass‐introduction in the (high‐end) LCD‐TV market. This paper presents the Philips Dynamic Gamut concept that solves the color rendition issues and describes the technical details of a 26″ demonstrator that proves the concept.
Triangle reordering for reduced overdraw in animated scenes (2016)

We introduce an automatic approach for optimizing the triangle rendering order of animated meshes with the objective of reducing overdraw while maintaining good post-transform vertex cache efficiency. Our approach is based on prior methods designed for static meshes. We propose an algorithm that clusters the space of viewpoints and key frames. For each cluster, we generate a triangle order that exhibits satisfactory vertex cache efficiency and low overdraw. Results show that our approach significantly improves overdraw throughout the entire animation sequence while only requiring a few index buffers. We expect that this approach will be useful for games and other real-time rendering applications that involve complex shading of articulated characters.
Neural Networks for Joint Sentence Classification in Medical Paper Abstracts (2016)

Existing models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for sentence classification often do not incorporate the context in which sentences appear, and classify sentences individually. However, traditional sentence classification approaches have been shown to greatly benefit from jointly classifying subsequent sentences, such as with conditional random fields. In this work, we present an ANN architecture that combines the effectiveness of typical ANN models to classify sentences in isolation, with the strength of structured prediction. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results on two different datasets for sequential sentence classification in medical abstracts.
Active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) performance and life test results (2013)

The U.S. Army and eMagin Corporation established a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to characterize the ongoing improvements in the lifetime of OLED displays. This CRADA also called for the evaluation of OLED performance as the need arises, especially when new products are developed or when a previously untested parameter needs to be understood. In 2006, eMagin Corporation developed long-life OLED-XL devices for use in their AMOLED microdisplays for head-worn applications. Through Research and Development programs from 2007 to 2012 with the U.S. Government, eMagin made additional improvements in OLED life and developed the first SXGA (1280 X 1024 with triad pixels) and WUXGA (1920 X 1200 with triad pixels) OLED microdisplays. US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD conducted life and performance tests on these displays, publishing results at the 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, and 2007 SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Symposia. Life and performance tests have continued through 2013, and this data will be presented along with a comparison to previous data. This should result in a better understanding of the applicability of AMOLEDs in military and commercial head mounted systems, where good fits are made, and where further development might be desirable.
Sensing and Control of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Epithelial Cells via RIG-I and MDA5 Helicases (2012)

Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne member of the Reoviridae family, is a double-stranded RNA virus that causes an economically important livestock disease that has spread across Europe in recent decades. Production of type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/β]) has been reported in vivo and in vitro upon BTV infection. However, the cellular sensors and signaling pathways involved in this process remain unknown. Here we studied the mechanisms responsible for the production of IFN-β in response to BTV serotype 8. Upon BTV infection of A549 cells, expression of IFN-β and other proinflammatory cytokines was strongly induced at both the protein and mRNA levels. This response appeared to be dependent on virus replication, since exposure to UV-inactivated virus failed to induce IFN-β. We also demonstrated that BTV infection activated the transcription factors IFN regulatory factor 3 and nuclear factor κB. We investigated the role of several pattern recognition receptors in this response and showed that expression of IFN-β was greatly reduced after small-interfering-RNA-mediated knockdown of the RNA helicase encoded by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) or melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). In contrast, silencing of MyD88, Toll-like receptor 3, or the recently described DexD/H-box helicase DDX1 sensor had no or a weak effect on IFN-β induction, suggesting that the RIG-I-like receptor pathway is specifically engaged for BTV sensing. Moreover, we also showed that overexpression of either RIG-I or MDA5 impaired BTV expression in infected A549 cells. Overall, this indicates that RIG-I and MDA5 can both contribute to the recognition and control of BTV infection.
Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effect of Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae) crude saliva in endothelial cells in vitro (2018)

Neovascularization, a process that includes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, may be a physiological or pathologic event, but in any cases the phenomenon is related to the formation of vascular net and sprouting of endothelial cells from preexisting blood vessel. The tumor environment, which counts on the tumor cell proliferation, is plenty of proangiogenic factors, such as angiogenin, TGF (α and β), FGF, VEGF, all of them playing a crucial role in angiogenesis, an important hallmark of cancer frequently related to a poor prognosis. Therefore, therapies focusing the inhibition of cancer neovasculogenesis have become an interesting strategy for the development of antitumor therapies. In this work, we investigate the effect of tick saliva on the human endothelial cells, in order to understand its inhibitory effects on angiogenesis. To this end, the HUVEC cells were used as model of angiogenesis in vitro and the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, cytotoxicity was evaluated. Our data depicts that saliva impairs cell development by causing structural changes while precludes cell proliferation and migration, that are crucial events related to angiogenesis. Aiming the identification of the bioactive components related to antiangiogenic activity, saliva was analyzed through the Mass Spectrometry and among all molecules identified, disintegrins and cathepsin L seems to be primarily responsible for the antiangiogenic effects of saliva.
Correlation of Broiler Breeder Male Semen Production and Testes Morphology (1988)

Broiler breeder males were fed either a 9, 12, or 15% protein diet (2,819 kcal/kg metabolizable energy) from 6 to 50 wk of age. From 48 through 49 wk of age semen volume (VOL) and concentration (CONC) and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (NSE) were determined, and at 50 wk of age body weight (BWT) and testes weight (TWT) were measured. Spermatogenic activity was evaluated histologically by a) a computer-aided assessment of seminiferous epithelial area (SEA), tubular diameter (TD), and epithelial height (EH); and b) visual appraisal of seminiferous tubular size and maturity of cell types (testes score-TS). Relationships among NSE, TS, SEA, TD, EH, BWT, and TWT were determined. Dietary protein had no significant effect on VOL, CONC, NSE, BWT, TWT, TS, SEA, EH, or TD. Significant positive correlation coefficients were observed among NSE, TS, SEA, TD, and EH, indicating moderate effectiveness of these methods in evaluating reproductive state. Low correlations between NSE and other variables may have resulted from 25% of the males having high TS but failing to ejaculate semen. Body weight and TWT, as well as BWT and NSE, were positively correlated. The SEA and TD had higher correlations with TWT than with BWT.
Identification of Gz alpha as a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in human platelets and megakaryocytes (1991)

G proteins mediate the interaction between cell surface receptors and intracellular effectors. Recent studies have shown that human retina and rat brain contain mRNA encoding a novel 40-Kd G protein alpha subunit referred to as Gz alpha. Studies with an antiserum selective for the predicted sequence of this protein have suggested that a similar protein is present in human platelets and is phosphorylated during platelet activation. To better understand the structure and function of this protein, the present studies examine its sequence in platelets and compare its abundance in human platelets, megakaryocytes, and two megakaryoblastic cell lines, HEL cells and Dami cells. Three different Gz alpha-selective antisera reacted with a 40-Kd protein in platelet membranes. None of these detected a corresponding protein in HEL or Dami cells, despite the presence in both cell lines of proteins recognized by antisera selective for three members of the Gi alpha family. Northern blotting with a Gz alpha-specific probe prepared from retinal Gz alpha showed two hybridizing species in platelet RNA: a major band at 3.5 kb and a minor band at 2.2 kb. Both were detectable in HEL and Dami cells, but at greatly reduced levels compared with platelets. RNA encoding Gz alpha was also detected in individual human megakaryocytes by in situ hybridization. The amount present approached that of Gi alpha 2′ the most abundant of the Gi alpha species present in platelets. The complete sequence of the platelet homolog to Gz alpha was determined from platelet RNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The encoded protein was the same as those obtained in brain and retina. Thus, based on immunoreactivity and nucleotide sequencing, platelets and megakaryocytes contain substantial quantities of a protein identical to brain and retinal Gz alpha. The paucity of Gz alpha protein and RNA in the megakaryoblastic cell lines suggests that either there has been a selective loss of the ability to synthesize Gz alpha from these cells or that Gz alpha appears at a later stage in megakaryocyte development than does Gi alpha.
Diagnosis of Swallowing Disorders: How We Interpret Pharyngeal Manometry (2017)

In our Centre, we base our interpretation of HRIM recordings upon a qualitative assessment of pressure-impedance waveforms during individual swallows, as well as a quantitative assessment of averaged PFA swallow function variables. We provide a description of two global swallowing efficacy measures, the swallow risk index (SRI), reflecting global swallowing dysfunction (higher SRI = greater aspiration risk) and the post-swallow impedance ratio (PSIR) detecting significant post-swallow bolus residue. We describe a further eight swallow function variables specific to the hypopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), assessing hypo-pharyngeal distension pressure, contractility, bolus presence and flow timing, and UES basal tone, relaxation, opening and contractility. Pharyngeal HRIM has now come of age, being applicable for routine clinical practice to assess the biomechanics of oropharyngeal swallowing dysfunction. In the future, it may guide treatment strategies and allow more objective longitudinal follow-up on clinical outcomes.
Mammalian target of rapamycin/eukaryotic initiation factor 4F pathway regulates follicle growth and development of theca cells in mice (2016)

The aim of the present study was to clarify the roles of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in follicular growth and development of thecal cells. Using in vivo-grown and in vitro-cultured ovaries, histological changes were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 0 day post partum (d.p.p.) to 8 d.p.p. ovaries were screened by microarray and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Forty-two DEGs related to cell proliferation and differentiation were screened out, with most DEGs being related to the to mTOR signalling pathway. Then, 3 d.p.p. ovaries were retrieved and used to verify the role of mTOR signalling in follicle and thecal cell development using its activators (Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) and GTP) and inhibitor (rapamycin). The development of follicles and thecal cells was significantly impaired in ovaries cultured in vitro Day 3 to Day 8. In in vitro-cultured ovaries, Rheb and GTP (is 100ngmL<sup>-1</sup> Rheb and 500ngmL<sup>-1</sup> GTP for 48h) significantly increased follicle diameter, the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and the umber of thecal cells, and upregulated expression of mTOR, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F and cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1). Rapamycin (10nM rapamycin for 24h) had opposite effects to those of Rheb and GTP, and partly abrogated (significant) the effects of Rheb and GTP when added to the culture in combination with these drugs. Thus, mTOR signalling plays an important role in follicle growth and thecal cell development.
Imaging based on metalenses (2020)

Abstract Metalens, a prominent application of two-dimensional metasurfaces, has demonstrated powerful abilities even beyond traditional optical lenses. By manipulating the phase distribution of metalens composed of appropriately arranged nanoscale building blocks, the wavefront of incident wave can be controlled based on Huygens principle, thus achieving the desired reflected and transmitted wave for many different purposes. Metalenses will lead a revolution in optical imaging due to its flat nature and compact size, multispectral acquisition and even off-axis focusing. Here, we review the recent progress of metalenses presenting excellent properties, with a focus on the imaging application using these metalenses. We firstly discuss the mechanism for achieving metalenses with high efficiency, large numerical aperture, controlling the chromatic dispersion or monochromatic aberrations and large area fabrication. Then, we review several important imaging applications including wide-band focusing imaging, polarization dependent imaging, light field imaging and some other significant imaging systems in different areas. Finally, we make a conclusion with an outlook on the future development and challenges of this developing research field.
Methane Formation by Reaction of a Methyl Thioether with a Photo-Excited Nickel Thiolate—A Process Mimicking Methanogenesis in Archaea (2000)

The formation of a sulfuranyl radical intermediate followed by methyl transfer to the nickel(I) center of coenzyme F430 and generation of the disulfide has been proposed as a possible mechanism for the formation of methane catalyzed by methyl coenzyme M reductase in methanogenic archaea. In order to test this hypothesis, a sterically shielded, bifunctional model substrate that contained a methyl thioether and a sulfhydryl functional group, which could form a five-membered cyclic sulfuranyl radical according to the postulated mechanism, was synthesized. The corresponding thiolate reacted with NiII salts to give a diamagnetic, square-planar NiII dithiolate complex, which was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Upon irradiation of this complex with light of λ>300 nm, methane and the cyclic disulfide were formed, whereas irradiation of the thiolate in the absence of nickel gave only traces of methane and no cyclic disulfide. The observed products are consistent with the postulated mechanism via a sulfuranyl radical, and the role of light is interpreted as the formation of a NiI/thiyl radical pair upon excitation of a charge-transfer band of the NiII dithiolate. In the presence of a large excess of thiolate, the diamagnetic complex was transformed into a paramagnetic, five- or six-coordinate complex that proved to be more active in the generation of both methane and the cyclic disulfide, than the square-planar diamagnetic dithiolate.
Separation of particles from coal derived liquids via surface charge properties. Final report, August 1977-May 1981 (1981)

An improved method of removal of fine particles suspended in nonaqueous media by the application of a high-voltage (1000 to 10,000 V/cm) electric field was developed. The technique is a modification of ordinary cross-flow filtration with a porous tube and of forced flow electrophoresis. The electrofilter was tested with a synthetic nonaqueous slurry as well as samples of diluted H-coal process liquids obtained from a coal liquefaction pilot plant at various electric field strengths, driving pressures, and feed rates. Models of clear boundary layers for flat and tubular cross-flow electrofilters were developed as a function of inlet Peclet number, electrophoretic velocity of particles, and rate of filtration. A description of the flow field in the cross-flow electrofilter was obtained by solving a laminar annulus flow with suction through an outer porous wall. A perturbation solution for the flow field was then used in a mathematical model which describes the concentration field of the electrofilter. Numerical solutions were obtained by using the Crank-Nicholson finite difference method. Clear boundary layer near the filter wall can be calculated by either the finite difference method or the method of characteristics. A separate material balance gives a reasonable deposition cake thickness on the central electrodemore » and the outlet concentration of the filter unit.« less
A new quantum propagator for hard sphere and cavity systems (1992)

A new short time propagator for a particle interacting with a hard sphere or with a hard sphere cavity is derived. This new propagator is shown to be a much better approximation than the image approximations used in the literature and should prove useful for path integral or Green function Monte Carlo simulations. The simple example of the radial distribution function of a hard sphere gas is calculated using the new propagator as well as the older image approximation propagator and is shown to converge much more rapidly to the ab initio result.
Highly variable hearing loss due to POU4F3 (c.37del) is revealed by longitudinal, frequency specific analyses (2023)

Genotype-phenotype correlations add value to the management of families with hereditary hearing loss (HL), where age-related typical audiograms (ARTAs) are generated from cross-sectional regression equations and used to predict the audiogram phenotype across the lifespan. A seven-generation kindred with autosomal dominant sensorineural HL (ADSNHL) was recruited and a novel pathogenic variant in POU4F3 (c.37del) was identified by combining linkage analysis with whole exome sequencing (WES). POU4F3 is noted for large intrafamilial variation including the age of onset of HL, audiogram configuration and presence of vestibular impairment. Sequential audiograms and longitudinal analyses reveal highly variable audiogram features among POU4F3 (c.37del) carriers, limiting the utility of ARTAs for clinical prognosis and management of HL. Furthermore, a comparison of ARTAs against three previously published families (1 Israeli Jewish, 2 Dutch) reveals significant interfamilial differences, with earlier onset and slower deterioration. This is the first published report of a North American family with ADSNHL due to POU4F3, the first report of the pathogenic c.37del variant, and the first study to conduct longitudinal analysis, extending the phenotypic spectrum of DFNA15.
Preparation of Heat Treated Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles for Water Purification (2018)

Photocatalysis using the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO2) has proven to be a successful technology for waste water purification. The photocatalytic treatment is an alternative method for the removal of soluble organic compounds in waste water. In this research, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. The sol was dried in the oven at 120°C after aging for 24 hours. The dried powder was then calcined at 400°C and 700°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min. The phase transformation of the heat treated titanium dioxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD, and the surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of the heat treated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation has been studied. At calcination temperature of 400°C, only anatase phase was observed, as the calcination temperature increases to 700°C, the rutile phase was present. The SEM images show the irregular shape of titanium dioxide particles and the agglomeration which tends to be more significant at calcined temperature of 700°C. Degradation of methyl orange by 5 mg heat treated titanium dioxide nanoparticles gives the highest percentage of degradation after irradiation by UV lamp for 4 hours.
Is Commercial Real Estate Reliving the 1980s and Early 1990s (2008)

Concern has been rising about the health of the U.S. commercial real estate market and any impact it may have on financial markets and institutions. It is too early to judge the full extent of any problems, but commercial real estate financing has been shaken by the financial market turmoil associated with recent residential mortgage defaults. The spreads of commercial mortgage-backed securities have widened relative to Treasury securities, and recent reports suggest that prices for many commercial properties are declining. In addition to the direct effects on construction activity, large commercial real estate losses by financial institutions might dampen broad-based economic growth by causing banks to cut back on commercial, industrial, and household lending. ; One way to gain perspective on the current commercial real estate market is to look back at historical experience. A natural comparison is with the 1980s and early 1990s. In the 1980s, commercial construction boomed, resulting in a massive oversupply of commercial space and creating serious financial problems for many depository institutions and real estate investors. Many analysts believe these problems helped cause a broader credit crunch in the early 1990s, which reduced the availability of funds to small and middle-sized businesses and slowed overall economic growth. ; Garner explores how the current economic and financial situations in commercial real estate are similar to, and different from, the conditions leading up to the real estate bust in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The recent commercial construction boom was not as large as in the 1980s, suggesting excess supplies of commercial space may not grow as large. Another major difference from the early 1990s-increased commercial real estate securitization-may expose developers and investors to shocks originating outside the commercial real estate sector. A major similarity is that commercial banks currently have a large direct exposure to commercial real estate loans.
Self-similar deflagration in laser half-plasmas (1977)

The self-similar motion of a half-space plasma, generated
by a linear pulse of laser radiation absorbed anomalously
at the critical density, has been studied. The resulting
plasma structure has been completely determined for [pulse duration (critical density)maximum irradiation] large enough