gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Workshop on Microbiomics, Metagenomics, and Metabolomics (2017)

Microbiota are ecological communities of microorganisms found throughout nature. In humans and animals, microbiota communities can reside on or within the body, and exist in a commensal or mutualistic relationship with their host to impact physiological functions and play critical roles in the host's development. These microbial communities can be very complex. One such example is the intestinal microbiota, comprising hundreds of species that interact with other microorganisms in the community as well as their host. Recent studies have demonstrated that microbiota impacts a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, development of the immune system, and inflammation. Further, significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition has shown to correlate with several diseases, including obesity diabetes, cancer, asthma, and even autism spectrum disorder. Characterizing the microbiota and understanding its relation to health and disease stand to significantly improve human health. Efforts to characterize microbiota have greatly benefited from technical advances in DNA sequencing. In particular, low-cost culture-independent sequencing has made metagenomic and metatranscriptomic surveys of microbial communities practical, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi associated with the human body, other hosts, and the environment. The resulting data have stimulated the development of many new computational approaches to meta'omic sequence analysis, including metagenomic assembly, microbial identification, and gene, transcript, and pathway metabolic profiling. Further, recent advances in untargeted metabolomics have stimulated the development of many tools that enhance the functional profiling of microbial communities. Through invited talks, this workshop will highlight recent advances computational methods for metagenomics and metabolomics, and present pressing challenges. A hands-on tutorial will provide an introduction to computational metagenomics. This workshop is timely, and will broaden the scope of the conference to cover such pressing important topics.
Determination of rate constants for the electroreduction of aromatic compounds and their correlation with homogeneous electron transfer rates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of rate constants for the electroreduction of aromatic compounds and their correlation with homogeneous electron transfer ratesHiroyuki Kojima and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 22, 6317–6324Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00855a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00855a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views981Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C2C12 cells: biophysical, biochemical, and immunocytochemical properties (1994)

We examined the myofibril biochemical, structural, and biophysical properties of C2C12, a mouse skeletal muscle cell line (American Type Culture Collection), to assess whether force development and the sensitivity of the myofilaments to calcium could be measured in C2C12 myotubes and whether a cardiac contractile protein, troponin T, is expressed and incorporated into C2C12 myofibrils. When myoblasts fused and differentiated into myotubes, expression of myofilament proteins was initiated. Multiple cardiac and skeletal muscle troponin T isoforms were coexpressed. Cardiac troponin T expression increased and then decreased with time. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry demonstrated incorporation of cardiac troponin T isoforms into the myofibrils. At the time of the biophysical studies, mean myotube diameter was 12 microns (range 5-25 microns), and mean length was 290 microns (range 130-520 microns). The estimated maximum force developed by chemically skinned myotubes at 6-7 days poststarvation, 0.88 +/- 0.12 microN (mean +/- 95% confidence interval, n = 5), was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that at 10-13 days poststarvation, 1.12 +/- 0.12 microN (n = 7). The force-pCa relation yielded a Hill coefficient of 2.9 +/- 0.6 (n = 7) and half-maximal activation at pCa of 5.77 +/- 0.20. The demonstration that the biophysical properties of C2C12 cells can be measured and that cardiac and skeletal muscle troponin T isoforms are incorporated and colocalized into myofibrils suggest that these cells could be a useful model to assess the effects of exogenous native and mutated cardiac and skeletal contractile protein isoforms on myofilament function.
Mechanical Properties and Chemical Resistance of Auger Grout (2000)

The major constituent in the augered cast-in-place (ACIP) pile is the grout, and hence, understanding the grout behavior is essential. A laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate the working and mechanical properties and chemical resistance of grout mixtures of which one batch was collected from a field project. Grout behaviors of interest were fluidity, setting time, mechanical properties and chemical resistance. Chemical resistance of the grout mixes was studied by immersing the specimens in sulfuric acid (pH = 4), hydrochloric acid (pH = 4) sodium sulfate (0.5%), and sodium chloride (0.5%) solutions for a period of two years. Use of additional fluidifier and fly ash in the grout and their effects on the flow properties and compressive strength of the grout was quantified and compared to the field samples. Variation of compressive strength, modulus and pulse velocity with curing time for the field samples has been quantified. Grout cube strength was higher than the cylinder strength. The ratio of cylinder strength to cube strength varied from 0.89 to 0.93 with an average of 0.91. Increasing the fly ash content 25 to 35% did not affect the fluidity or compressive strength of the standard grout. During the two years of immersion test on grouts weight change and the amount of calcium leached from the specimens has been quantified. The weight change observed varied from –3 to +3% and the maximum calcium leached was 0.5%. Of the solutions studied, 0.5% sodium sulfate solution had the greatest damage on the grout. The data suggest that ACIP piles may be more susceptible to sulfate attack than concrete piles.
Mapping functional humoral correlates of protection against malaria challenge following RTS,S/AS01 vaccination (2020)

Vaccine development has the potential to be accelerated by coupling tools such as systems immunology analyses and controlled human infection models to define the protective efficacy of prospective immunogens without expensive and slow phase 2b/3 vaccine studies. Among human challenge models, controlled human malaria infection trials have long been used to evaluate candidate vaccines, and RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate, reproducibly demonstrating 40 to 80% protection in human challenge studies in malaria-naïve individuals. Although antibodies are critical for protection after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination, antibody concentrations are inconsistently associated with protection across studies, and the precise mechanism(s) by which vaccine-induced antibodies provide protection remains enigmatic. Using a comprehensive systems serological profiling platform, the humoral correlates of protection against malaria were identified and validated across multiple challenge studies. Rather than antibody concentration, qualitative functional humoral features robustly predicted protection from infection across vaccine regimens. Despite the functional diversity of vaccine-induced immune responses across additional RTS,S/AS01 vaccine studies, the same antibody features, antibody-mediated phagocytosis and engagement of Fc gamma receptor 3A (FCGR3A), were able to predict protection across two additional human challenge studies. Functional validation using monoclonal antibodies confirmed the protective role of Fc-mediated antibody functions in restricting parasite infection both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that these correlates may mechanistically contribute to parasite restriction and can be used to guide the rational design of an improved vaccine against malaria.
Electroluminescence Deterioration (1957)

Electroluminescence intensity of phosphor layers decreases with running time; this decay can be described by the empirical expression, proposed by Roberts, L=L0/(1+t/t½), where t½ is the time to half-intensity. It is also observed that, during electroluminescence decay at room temperature, (1) photoluminescence remains constant, (2) a component of the dark capacitance decreases in proportion to the light output, (3) photoconductivity and dark conductivity show a similar decrease, and (4) the light output wave form shows marked progressive changes. Also, (5) decay at 80°K proceeds at a much slower rate. An approximate derivation of an expression describing trap or donor depletion by electrolysis serves to correlate the data and the empirical expression in the foregoing.
The dopamine‐synthesizing cells in the swimming larva of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis are located only in the hypothalamus‐related domain of the sensory vesicle (2005)

Dopamine is a major neuromodulator synthesized by numerous cell populations in the vertebrate forebrain and midbrain. Owing to the simple organization of its larval nervous system, ascidian tunicates provide a useful model to investigate the anatomy, neurogenesis and differentiation of the dopaminergic neural network underlying the stereotypical swimming behaviour of its chordate-type larva. This study provides a high-resolution cellular analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive and dopamine-positive cells in Ciona intestinalis embryos and larvae. Dopamine cells are present only in the sensory vesicle of the Ciona larval brain, which may be an ancestral chordate feature. The dopamine-positive cells of the ascidian sensory vesicle are located in the expression domain of homologues of vertebrate hypothalamic markers. We show here that the larval coronet cells also arise from this domain. As a similar association between coronet cells and the hypothalamus was reported in bony and cartilaginous fishes, we propose that part of the ascidian ventral sensory vesicle is the remnant of a proto-hypothalamus that may have been present in the chordate ancestor. As dopaminergic cells are specified in the hypothalamus in all vertebrates, we suggest that the mechanisms of dopamine cell specification are conserved in the hypothalamus of Ciona and vertebrates. To test this hypothesis, we have identified new candidate regulators of dopaminergic specification in Ciona based on their expression patterns, which can now be compared with those in vertebrates.
Serotonergic Receptors and Drugs in Hypertension (1992)

The possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and 5HT-receptors in hypertension, already suggested by Page in 1954, has been subject to a renaissance of interest owing to the development of antihypertensive drugs which interact with 5HT-receptors. These drugs, like ketanserin, urapidil and flesinoxan are used as tools to study the role of 5HT and its receptors in hypertension. Some arguments would plead in favour of a certain role of 5HT and 5HT-receptors in the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension: hyperresponsiveness of blood vessels from hypertensive patients and animals to 5HT-induced constriction; the antihypertensive/vasodilator activity of the 5HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin; enhanced sensitivity of platelets from hypertensives to 5HT. However, there are also several arguments which do not support a causal role of 5HT in hypertensive disease: 5HT is not a generally accepted pressor agent, whereas its concentration in the circulating blood is subthreshold; the 5HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin is the only agent of this type which lowers blood pressure, other 5HT2-receptor blockers (ritanserin; LY 53587) being inactive. The various data and arguments available do not unequivocally support a relevant role of peripheral 5HT and its receptors in hypertensive disease. 5HT2-receptor blockade may, however, have a favourable effect on the microcirculation under pathological conditions. The stimulation of central 5HT1A-receptors by drugs like urapidil, 8-OH-DPAT or flesinoxan, has been demonstrated to induce peripheral sympathoinhibition and a fall in blood pressure. This mechanism appears to be a novel target for centrally acting antihypertensives, clearly different from that of clonidine and related drugs, which are centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists.
In vitro breeding of high‐linolenic, doubled‐haploid lines of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) via androgenesis (1995)

Abstract In the course of a breeding programme for high‐linolenic‐acid linseed (oilflax, Linum usitatissimum L.) doubled‐haploid lines (DH‐lines) of three F 1 hybrids were generated using an anther‐culture technique. A total of 82 DH‐lines were generated and multiplied in 1993, of which 39 were suitable for testing in a repeated field trial in 1994. Yield, fat content and fatty‐acid composition were determined. The yield of the DH‐lines was not significantly different from that of respective mid‐parent values. Fatty‐acid composition and fat content showed remarkable variation, and DH‐lines exceeded cross parents in some cases for both fat content and linolenic‐acid proportion. Superior DH‐lines surpassed mid‐parent linolenic‐acid‐content values by 4.5% and fat content by 1.9%. The results indicate that anther culture is a useful tool in linseed breeding.
Photoelectrochemical Investigation of Zn3 P 2 (1986)

Photoelectrochemical techniques were used to investigate the potential photovoltaic material, . Mott‐Schottky measurements, photocapacitance spectroscopy, photocurrent spectroscopy, and surface photovoltage were used to investigate the optoelectronic properties of materials with two different doping levels. It was found that is unstable in an aqueous environment but forms a semipassivating layer in sulfide containing electrolytes.
Matched comparison of rotational stability of 1-piece acrylic and plate-haptic silicone toric intraocular lenses in Asian eyes (2012)

The acrylic toric IOL had better rotational stability than the silicone toric IOL.
Severe atovaquone-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a Canadian traveller returned from the Indian subcontinent. (2009)

We report the first case of atovaquone/proguanil treatment failure in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria acquired by a non-immune traveller to the Indian subcontinent. Recrudescent infection was complicated by neurological involvement 14 days after directly observed therapy with atovaquone/proguanil. Sequence analysis of the plasmodial cytochrome b gene confirmed a contribution of atovaquone resistance to treatment failure. The recrudescent isolate had a single mutation at position 268 (Tyr268Cys). Video recordings illustrate dramatic but ephemeral manifestations of malaria with neurological involvement.
Manipulación de átomos e iones con laser (1992)

Se describen los procesos fundamentales de enfriamiento de átomos e iones con láser y su confinamiento mediante trampas electromagnéticas.
Electrostatic Separation of Granular Materials (1962)

From Introduction: "It is purpose of this publication to describe the development of the electrostatic method of particle separation from the early beginning to the present resurgence of interest. Most of the information for this description has been derived from references, a few of which were not available for thorough review."
Dendritic cells transduced with TAT protein transduction domain‐containing tyrosinase‐related protein 2 vaccinate against murine melanoma (2003)

Incorporation of an 11 amino acid region of the HIV TAT protein transduction domain (TAT PTD) into proteins facilitates rapid, efficient entry into cells. We previously showed that rTAT-PTD-OVA-transduced dendritic cells (DC) stimulated antigen (Ag)-specific CTL and Th cells, and vaccinated against OVA-expressing tumors. Here we studied B16 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice, using murine tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) as a candidate tumor Ag. We produced a 472-amino acid N-terminal fragment of Trp2 protein (rTrp2Delta) with or without PTD. Although PTD-deficient rTrp2Delta was ineffective, mice given rTAT-PTD-Trp2Delta-transduced DC were efficiently primed for Trp2(180-188) peptide-specific and B16-reactive CTL. In 58% of such mice, growth of melanomas was prevented. Trp2(180-188) peptide-pulsed DC protected 35% of recipients, and irradiated GM-CSF-producing B16 cells protected 75%. rTAT-PTD-Trp2Delta-transduced DC induced a more vigorous memory response to B16 rechallenge than the other regimens, and protected 30% of recipients from progressive tumor development in treatment studies. In this setting, Trp2 peptide-treated DC protected 20% and irradiated GM-CSF-producing cells protected 0%. Both tumor prevention and tumor treatment were CD8(+) T cell dependent. Vaccination with rTAT-PTD-Trp2Delta-transduced DC induced a robust CTL response and durable anti-melanoma immunity. This approach should be clinically applicable, and offers theoretical and practical advantages to those that are in current use.
Size effects on the electron energy spectra of aluminium clusters (1986)

The electron states of free aluminium clusters with 13, 55 and 147 atoms are studied through simple (tight-binding) model calculations. The parametrisation scheme is derived from a fitting to the bulk band structure and reproduces well the results of ab initio calculations for surface electron states. The cluster electron states are investigated through the local density of states calculated at different inequivalent sites of both cuboctahedral and icosahedral arrangements. They turn out to depend only to a minor extent on the specific site, but to vary significantly with size and structure. The findings are compared with previous results for transition-metal clusters.
Setting time and initial compressive strength of a radiopaque premixed calcium phosphate cement (2010)

Setting time and initial compressive strength of a radiopaque premixed calcium phosphate cement
Model Order Reduction of Bearingless Reluctance Motor Including Eccentricity (2018)

Eccentricity in a bearingless motor may occur during different operating states of the machine. This rises challenges in designing robust control for the machine with a lumped parameter model, due to the cross coupling of the windings with respect to the eccentric position of the rotor, the saturation of the ferromagnetic material, and spatial complexity. The non-linearity of the ferromagnetic material and the spatial harmonics can be considered in a finite element model of the machine, although applying it in a real time system is unreasonable. We propose a novel method based on orthogonal interpolation to reduce the order of the 2D finite element model of a bearingless synchronous reluctance motor, suitable for implementation in a real-time system. The winding currents and the eccentricity are given as inputs to the reduced model and the nodal values of the magnetic vector potential is obtained as the output, wherefrom the flux linkages, torque, and forces can be computed easily.
Circulating Interferon after Measles Vaccination (1965)

LIVE measles vaccine1 given without gamma globulin protects children from the clinical manifestations of natural measles even if given as late as three days after exposure.2 3 4 Krugman et al.5 have suggested that this early protective effect may be an example of viral interference in man. This inhibition of viral replication due to a prior viral infection may be mediated by interferon, an antiviral protein made by animal cells in response to a viral infection. Interferon has been found in the pharyngeal washings of patients with influenza,6 in the spinal fluid of certain patients with viral meningitis7 and occasionally in the . . .
Kinetics and mechanism of low temperature atomic oxygen-assisted oxidation of SiGe layers (1998)

The rates of low temperature atomic oxygen-assisted oxidation of strained epitaxial Si1−xGex (x=0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) layers have been measured and compared with the rate of oxidation of pure Si. We show that in the linear regime, the oxidation rate of the SiGe layer increases with the Ge concentration in the alloy. On the other hand, Ge/Si (100) structures have been oxidized. We show that this oxidation leads to the formation of pure SiO2 oxide and that the nonoxidized Ge layer is still present at the SiO2/Si interface. The oxidation rate of Si is not affected by the presence of the pure Ge interface layer. This, together with the results of SiGe oxidation, allows us to conclude that the SiGe oxidation rate is enhanced by the presence of Ge in the SiGe alloy. This can be explained by the fact that Si–Ge bonds are weaker than the Si–Si bonds. For longer oxidation times, the oxidation kinetics of SiGe layers follow a parabolic regime. We show that the parabolic constant strongly depends of the composition of the oxide layer.
On the Performance of Miniature Centrifugal Fans With Varying Blade Cord Length (2008)

This paper focuses on optimizing the blade design of miniature centrifugal flow fans for application in processor cooling solutions of portable power electronics. The design parameter varied is the blade chord length and the resulting fan performance is gauged by examining flow rate, pressure rise and power consumption characteristics. The former two of these are measured using a BS848 fan characterization rig and the latter by directly measuring the power consumed. These characteristics are studied for three sets of scaled fans with diameters of 15mm, 24mm and 30mm, and each set considers six individual blade chord lengths. A novel theory is put forward to explain the anticipated effect of changing this parameter and the results are analyzed in terms of the relevant dimensionless parameters: Reynolds number; chord length to diameter of fan ratio; flow coefficient; pressure coefficient and power coefficient. When these characteristic parameters are plotted against Reynolds number, similar trends are observed as the chord length is varied in all sets of scaled fans. The results show that the flow coefficient for all the miniature fans degrade at low Re values but the onset of this degradation was observed at higher Re values for longer blade chord designs. Conversely, it was found that the pressure coefficient is elevated at low Re and the onset Re for this phenomenon correlates well with the drop off in flow coefficient. Finally, the trend in power coefficient data appears to be identical to that for the flow coefficient. The derived theory is used to correlate this data for which all data points fall within 6% of the correlation. Overall, the findings reported herein provide a good understanding of how changing the blade chord length affects the performance of miniature centrifugal fans and provides guidelines for designers to aid in selecting the optimum fan design for a specific application.