gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
External optical feedback effects on stability of asymmetric DFB-FL and isolation method (2014)

The effects of external optical feedback mainly introduced by Rayleigh backscattering (RB) in long lead fiber, reflection of fiber end facet, and the fusion splices on the stability of asymmetric distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB-FL) have been investigated. Theoretical analysis based on the compound cavity model is presented, and the critical length Lp,c of lead fiber is obtained to evaluate the tolerance of DFB-FL to RB. Analysis and experimental results show that RB is the main factor causing the instability. The critical length for the shorter end of our asymmetric DFB-FL is measured to be about 170 m. To isolate the laser from the effect of RB, we propose a method using isolator and WDMs, which is experimentally proved to be an efficient way.
Dynamics of HIV-1 mRNA expression in patients with long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. (1997)

A large number of evidences indicate that progression of HIV disease is driven by an increase in viral burden. It is still unclear, however, to what extent this is contributed by the dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms governing virus gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. To address this issue, several quantitative virologic parameters (including provirus transcriptional activity and splicing pattern) were analyzed in individuals with nonprogressive HIV infection and compared with those of a matched group of progressor patients. Exact quantification was achieved by a competitive PCR procedure using a multicompetitor template. Nonprogressors were characterized by striking differences in the levels of viremia, provirus copy number, and overall levels of all viral mRNA classes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additionally, the transcriptional activity of the proviral DNA in these patients was mainly engaged in the production of multiprocessed transcripts, with a pattern resembling the early phases of the experimental infection. Taken together, these results show that both viral load and provirus transcription pattern are remarkably different in infected individuals nonprogressing toward overt disease, and further support the notion that disease progression is accompanied by a change in the kinetics of HIV gene expression.
Novel Chromakey Technology with Polarizer and Retardation Film (2020)

クロマキーとは，映像内の特定の色に別の映像を合成する技術であり，一般的には緑色の布が背景に設置されている．本研究では背景偏光板と位相差板付きのフィルタ偏光板を使用して，緑単色を取り出すクロマキー技術について述べている．この技術は従来の手法と比較して，背景から照明を当てられる点，背景色を容易に変更できる点，緑色の布からの反射光による被写体の色づきを抑制できる点において優れている．クロマキー合成には色純度の高い緑色が必要とされており，位相差値を最適化することにより達成することができた．また，偏光板と位相差板を使用することで，被写体に反射した光が着色する課題が確認されており，フィルタ偏光板側に集約されていた位相差板を，背景偏光板側に分割することで，着色を低減できることが明らかとなった．
Review of Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla cells asin vitroscreening model for hair growth (2018)

Hair disorders such as hair loss (alopecia) and androgen dependent, excessive hair growth (hirsutism, hypertrichosis) may impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. Recent advances in understanding the biology of hair have accelerated the research and development of novel therapeutic and cosmetic hair growth agents. Preclinical models aid in dermocosmetic efficacy testing and claim substantiation of hair growth modulators. The in vitro models to investigate hair growth utilize the hair follicle Dermal Papilla cells (DPCs), specialized mesenchymal cells located at the base of hair follicle that play essential roles in hair follicular morphogenesis and postnatal hair growth cycles. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the extensively reported literature citing DPCs as in vitro model to study hair growth promoting and inhibitory effects. A variety of agents such as herbal and natural extracts, growth factors and cytokines, platelet-rich plasma, placental extract, stem cells and conditioned medium, peptides, hormones, lipid-nanocarrier, light, electrical and electromagnetic field stimulation, androgens and their analogs, stress-serum and chemotherapeutic agents etc. have been examined for their hair growth modulating effects in DPCs. Effects on DPCs' activity were determined from untreated (basal) or stress induced levels. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of growth factors were included as primary end-point markers. Effects on a wide range of biomolecules and mechanistic pathways that play key role in the biology of hair growth were also investigated. This consolidated and comprehensive review summarizes the up-to-date information and understanding regarding DPCs based screening models for hair growth and may be helpful for researchers to select the appropriate assay system and biomarkers. This review highlights the pivotal role of DPCs in the forefront of hair research as screening platforms by providing insights into mechanistic action at cellular level, which may further direct the development of novel hair growth modulators.
Decellularization of the Porcine Ear Generates a Biocompatible, Nonimmunogenic Extracellular Matrix Platform for Face Subunit Bioengineering (2017)

Acellular scaffolds were produced from the porcine ear, and may be a valuable platform to treat facial deformities using regenerative medicine approaches.
Zur anodischen Alkoxylierung von N‐Acylazacycloalkanen (1978)

Abstract N‐Acylazacycycloalkane werden auf elektrochemischem Wege (anodische Alkoxylierung) in Abhängigkeit von der aufgewendeten Strommenge zu den α‐Monoalkoxyderivaten 2, 4, 6 und 8 bzw. zu den α,α'‐Dialkoxyderivaten 12–14 umgesetzt. Die in hohen Ausbeuten gebildeten Monoaddukte sind wegen der Alkoxygruppe in Nachbarschaft zum Stickstoff vielseitige Synthone.
Pressure Dependent Exchange Couplings in Samarium Monochalcogenides (1973)

The large exchange induced ESR g‐shifts of S‐state ions present as trace impurities in the samarium monochalcogenides SmS and SmSe have been investigated as functions of quasihydrostatic pressure at liquid helium temperatures. While roughly comparable with expectations based on intercompound variations the results suggest that local compressibilities may differ significantly from those of the hosts.
Soliton squeezing at GHz rate in a Sagnac loop (2002)

We demonstrate the first all-fiber squeezing experiment at room temperature. A record 6.1+/-0.2 dB of noise reduction below shot noise has been obtained without stabilization. When loss is taken into account, /spl sim/11 dB of squeezing is inferred.
Recurrent neural network-based received signal strength estimation using depth images for mmWave communications (2018)

Camera-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) network is a new paradigm for mmWave communications where mobility of obstacles is captured by using RGB and depth cameras and conducts network operations by considering the captured information. For camera-assisted mmWave networks, this paper proposes a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based received signal strength (RSS) estimation scheme using depth camera images. This scheme enables us to estimate the RSS of any mmWave links, including links where nodes are not transmitting frames. An RNN enables us to model the relationship between current RSS and an image time series, which includes information regarding the mobility of nodes and obstacles. Simulation results demonstrate that the RNN-based estimation scheme achieves higher accuracy than that of a multi-layer perceptron.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Older Women and Men (2010)

Hypovitaminosis D is common in older adults. Vitamin D deficiency in this population has been linked to a large number of poor health outcomes. Several investigators have hypothesized that hypovitaminosis D may contribute to depression in older adults. The few small studies that examined the association between vitamin D and depression in the elderly had conflicting results. This prospective population-based study was designed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between vitamin D and depressive symptoms over a 6-year follow-up period in a representative group of older adults. The participants were enrolled in the InCHIANTI (Invecchiare in Chianti, aging in the Chianti area) Study. The study sample was comprised of 954 participants (531 women and 423 men) aged 65 years or older. The primary study outcome measure was 25-hydroxyvitamin D (serum 25[OH]D). Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level of less than 50 nmol/L. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and at 3- and 6-year follow-up. A CES-D score of 16 or higher was considered a clinically relevant depressed mood. The data were stratified by gender. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust for relevant biomarkers and covariates related to sociodemographics, somatic health, and functional status. Compared to women with 25(OH)D levels more than 50 nmol/L, those with levels below this threshold had average adjusted increases in CES-D scores at the 3- and 6-year follow-up of 2.1 (P = 0.02) and 2.2 (P = 0.04), respectively. Lower baseline serum levels of 25(OH)D in women were also associated with a significant higher risk of developing depressed mood during the follow-up; the hazard ratio was 2.0, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.2-3.2 (P = 0.005). Compared to men with 25(OH)D levels above the cutoff of 50 nmol/L, men with lower levels at 3- and 6-year follow-up had increases in CES-D scores of 1.9 (P = 0.01) and 1.1 (P = 0.20), respectively. Lower baseline serum 25(OH)D levels among men were associated with an insignificant increase in risk for depression compared with those with higher levels (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.8; P = 0.1). These findings provide evidence of a prospective independent association between hypovitaminosis D and new depression over time. The association is stronger in women than in men. The investigators believe that prevention of vitamin D deficiency may become a future strategy to substantially lower the risk of depression in the elderly patients.
Sub-milliwatt AlGaN nanowire tunnel junction deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes on silicon operating at 242 nm (2016)

We report AlGaN nanowire light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the ultraviolet-C band. The LED structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrate. It is found that with the use of the n+-GaN/Al/p+-AlGaN tunnel junction (TJ), the device resistance is reduced by one order of magnitude, and the light output power is increased by two orders of magnitude, compared to AlGaN nanowire LEDs without TJ. For unpackaged TJ ultraviolet LEDs emitting at 242 nm, a maximum output power of 0.37 mW is measured, with a peak external quantum efficiency up to 0.012%.
Local Ecological Knowledge Indicates Temporal Trends of Benthic Invertebrates Species of the Adriatic Sea (2017)

In the Adriatic Sea, shifts in benthic community structure have been attributed to multiple stressors, from the effects of climate change to the impacts of commercial fishing. Some fishing practices, such as bottom trawling, have caused a widespread decline in exploited fish stocks. Bottom trawling is also expected to have negative impacts on benthic habitats, usually structured by and hosting a large array of invertebrate species, which provide important ecological services to fish and commercial invertebrate stocks. However, in contrast to commercial species for which long-term time series of the abundance exist, data on these habitat-forming invertebrates are scarce, as they are usually caught as bycatch and discarded. Therefore, there is great uncertainty about their long-term trends, and if these populations are stable or declining. Here we used interview surveys conducted with bottom-trawling fishers of the central Adriatic Sea to gather local ecological knowledge on megabenthos abundance occurring in their fishing domain, as an alternative source of information to conventional fisheries data. We interviewed 44 fishers, from the most important ports of the Marche region of Italy, to understand how megabenthic species have changed in abundance within the area since the 1980s. Specifically, we asked fishers to provide qualitative abundance scores for 18 invertebrate species in five phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Bryozoa, Mollusca and Echinodermata) based on their recollection of these species' presence in bycatch. We stratified responses in homogeneous temporal periods and geographic sectors of the study area, and analyzed their response with mixed effect ordered logistic regression models in order to evaluate spatiotemporal changes in the perceived abundance of each species. Our analysis suggests that the abundance of the sponge Geodia cydonium, the molluscs Pecten jacobaeus, Atrina fragilis Neopycnodonte cochlear and the group of holothurians, have declined. From fishers’ perceptions, only the bryozoan Amathia semiconvoluta has increased. Local ecological knowledge can provide important information on environmental change and can highlight species and ecosystems at risk when conventional scientific data are scarce or absent. This approach can be expanded to other regions of the Adriatic and broader Mediterranean Sea to reconstruct change of this heavily exploited marine region.
Evaluation of a commercial ELISA as alternative to plaque reduction neutralization test to detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

High-throughput detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 presents a valuable tool for vaccine trials or investigations of population immunity. We evaluate the performance of the first commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT, GenScript Biotech) against SARS-CoV-2 plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. We compare it to five other ELISAs, two of which are designed to detect neutralizing antibodies. In 491 pre-vaccination serum samples, sVNT missed 23.6% of PRNT-positive samples when using the manufacturer-recommended cutoff of 30% binding inhibition. Introducing an equivocal area between 15 and 35% maximized sensitivity and specificity against PRNT to 72.8-93.1% and 73.5-97.6%, respectively. The overall diagnostic performance of the other ELISAs for neutralizing antibodies was below that of sVNT. Vaccinated individuals exhibited higher antibody titers by PRNT (median 119.8, IQR 56.7-160) and binding inhibition by sVNT (median 95.7, IQR 88.1-96.8) than convalescent patients (median 49.1, IQR 20-62; median 52.9, IQR 31.2-76.2). GenScript sVNT is suitable to screen for SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies; however, to obtain accurate results, confirmatory testing by PRNT in a equivocal area is required. This equivocal area may require adaptation for use in vaccinated individuals, due to higher antibody titers.
Doubly sparse factor models for unifying feature transformation and feature selection (2010)

A number of unsupervised learning methods for high-dimensional data are largely divided into two groups based on their procedures, i.e., (1) feature selection, which discards irrelevant dimensions of the data, and (2) feature transformation, which constructs new variables by transforming and mixing over all dimensions. We propose a method that both selects and transforms features in a common Bayesian inference procedure. Our method imposes a doubly automatic relevance determination (ARD) prior on the factor loading matrix. We propose a variational Bayesian inference for our model and demonstrate the performance of our method on both synthetic and real data.
3-Phenyllactic acid is converted to phenylacetic acid and induces auxin-responsive root growth in Arabidopsis plants (2022)

Many microorganisms have been reported to produce compounds that promote plant growth and are thought to be involved in the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by lactic acid bacteria was previously shown to promote root growth in adzuki cuttings. However, the mode of action of PLA as a root-promoting substance had not been clarified. The present study therefore investigated the relationship between PLA and auxin. PLA was found to inhibit primary root elongation and to increase lateral root density in wild-type Arabidopsis, but not in an auxin signaling mutant. In addition, PLA induced <i>IAA19</i> promoter fused β-<i>glucuronidase</i> gene expression, suggesting that PLA exhibits auxin-like activity. The inability of PLA to promote degradation of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid protein in a yeast heterologous reconstitution system indicated that PLA may not a ligand of auxin receptor. Using of a synthetic PLA labeled with stable isotope showed that exogenously applied PLA was converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), an endogenous auxin, in both adzuki and Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous PLA promotes auxin signaling by conversion to PAA, thereby regulating root growth in plants.
Spatiotemporal distribution of cortical processing of first and second languages in bilinguals. I. Effects of proficiency and linguistic setting (2012)

The study determined how spatiotemporal distribution of cortical activity to words in first and second language is affected by language, proficiency, and linguistic setting. Ten early bilinguals and 14 late adult bilinguals listened to pairs of words presented in Arabic (L1), Hebrew (L2), or in mixed pairs and indicated whether both words had the same meaning or not. Source current densities of event-related potentials were estimated. Activity to first words in the pair lateralized to right hemisphere, higher to L1 than L2 during early processing (<300 ms) among both groups but only among late bilinguals during late processing (>300 ms). During early and late processing, activities were larger in mixed than monolinguistic settings among early bilinguals but lower in mixed than in monolinguistic settings among late bilinguals. Late processing in auditory regions was of larger magnitude in left than right hemispheres among both groups. Activity to second words in the pair was larger in mixed than in monolinguistic settings during both early and late processing among both groups. Early processing of second words in auditory regions lateralized to the right among early bilinguals and to the left among late bilinguals, whereas late processing did not differ between groups. Wernicke's area activity during late processing of L2 was larger on the right, while on the left no significant differences between languages were found. The results show that cortical language processing in bilinguals differs between early and late processing and these differences are modulated by linguistic proficiency and setting.
New contributions of analytical ultracentrifugation to the investigation of dispersions (2008)

The particle size distribution of dispersions is an important parameter for viscosity, gloss and opacity and can be determined with great precision by analytical ultracentrifugation. A method using this technique has been developed at Bayer [1] and is now in widespread use. It was recently found to be the most satisfactory method in a recent ringtest of techniques for the submicron range. The high performance of this method is seen from the fact that a sample containing nine components can be analysed exactly. Its high resolving power is proved by a baseline separation of monodisperse components, differing by 10% of diameter only. To detect low quantities of small particles, measurements are performed at different concentrations and then coupled, yielding a high degree of precision. This method has been successfully applied to competitive growth experiments in emulsion polymerization and other areas.
Design and Application of a New Cryptic-Plasmid-Based Shuttle Vector for Magnetospirillum magneticum (2003)

A 3.7-kb cryptic plasmid designated pMGT was found in Magnetospirillum magneticum MGT-1. It was characterized and used for the development of an improved expression system in strain AMB-1 through the construction of a shuttle vector, pUMG. An electroporation method for magnetic bacteria that uses the cryptic plasmid was also developed.
Dynamic zero compression for cache energy reduction (2000)

Article Dynamic zero compression for cache energy reduction Share on Authors: Luis Villa MIT Laboratory for Computer science, Cambridge, MA MIT Laboratory for Computer science, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Michael Zhang MIT Laboratory for Computer science, Cambridge, MA MIT Laboratory for Computer science, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Krste Asanović MIT Laboratory for Computer science, Cambridge, MA MIT Laboratory for Computer science, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims MICRO 33: Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on MicroarchitectureDecember 2000 Pages 214–220https://doi.org/10.1145/360128.360150Online:01 December 2000Publication History 103citation690DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations103Total Downloads690Last 12 Months38Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Evaluation of New Anti-Infective Drugs for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Colitis (1992)

Colitis due to Clostridium difficile is diagnosed in 10%-15% of hospitalized patients who develop diarrhea after treatment with antimicrobial drugs. Diagnosis is based on the concurrence of diarrhea, one or more signs or symptoms of enteric intoxication, and stool from which toxigenic C. difficile is isolated or from which its toxins are identified. Clinical trials evaluating therapy may be placebo controlled (for mild disease) or concurrently controlled with an active drug. A randomized, double-blind study design is preferred. Outcome should be assessed by monitoring of the degree of inflammation of the bowel mucosa, the intensity and severity of diarrhea, the duration of illness, changes in stool form, and the eradication of C. difficile or its toxins from stool. Because C. difficile can be a component of the normal gastrointestinal flora, assessment of clinical outcome is paramount.