gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of the Neotyphodium lolii / Lolium perenne symbiosis and its associated effects on animal and plant health, with particular emphasis on ryegrass staggers (2012)

Ryegrass staggers is a seasonal mycotoxicosis of grazing livestock characterised by tremors, in coordination and a staggering gait almost unaccompanied by physical lesions. Deaths occur only as a consequence of accident or starvation. Outbreaks, in summer and autumn, occur only on pasture in which endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii)-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) predominates and usually on which animals are grazed intensively. Animals recover when moved to a different type of grazing or after rain has promoted pasture growth. The disease was recognised for 80 years before its cause was discovered as a consequence of a grazing trial of sheep on three ryegrass cultivars which happened to have three different levels of endophyte infection. The endophyte was first formally described as Acremonium loliae, later corrected to Acremonium lolii, and was finally placed in the genus Neotyphodium. It produces a number of secondary metabolites of which lolitrem B is the principal one causing ryegrass staggers symptoms. Ergopeptides are also produced which cause heat stress and lack of productivity. N. lolii is symptomless in the plant, seed borne and grows intercellularly in the aerial parts, mainly in reproductive tillers and leaf sheaths but sparsely in leaf blades. It dies in stored seed and infection rates of different ryegrass cultivars have depended on seed storage times during their production. In addition, N. Lolii produces insect feeding deterrents, among them peramine, which protects infected plants from pest predation. Because of this, control of ryegrass staggers by elimination of endophyte-infected ryegrass is not feasible in areas in which insect predation is a serious pasture problem. However, N. lolii strains vary in the secondary metabolites they produce allowing the selection of strains that produce desirable metabolites. By inoculating such strains into uninfected ryegrass plants it is possible to produce cultivars which do not cause ryegrass staggers but resist insect predation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the N. lolii / L. perenne symbiosis, the toxins it is known to produce, their effects on animals and plants and the strategies used to control their ill effects while maximising their beneficial ones.
NEW ALDOL TYPE REACTION (1973)

Abstract In the presence of TiCl4, trimethylsilyl enol ethers of ketones react smoothly with ketones or aldehydes at room temperature to give the aldol type addition products, β-hydroxyketones, in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 9,9′‐Bifluorenylidene Derivatives via Dual C—H Activation of Bis‐biaryl Alkynes. (2015)

Abstract The combination of MnO 2 with PivOH/PdCl 2 is found to be optimal for the preparation of the title compounds with a broad spectrum of functionalities.
Energy-Efficient Base Station Switching-Off With Guaranteed Cooperative Profit Gain of Mobile Network Operators (2023)

This paper studies the energy-efficient cooperative base station (BS) switching-off in multi-input single-output (MISO) cellular networks, where the roaming-cost-based cooperation and the cooperative beamforming among multiple mobile network operators (MNOs) are jointly designed. To make the cooperation among MNOs practical, we introduce a new constraint to make sure the cooperative profit gain of MNOs is non-negative and also formulate an optimization problem to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE) by jointly considering multiple factors, including the operation modes of BSs, the connection states between users and BSs, the beamforming vectors of multi-antenna BSs under constraints of users’ quality of service, BSs’s power budget, and the non-negative profit gain of MNOs, etc. To solve the non-convex problem, we propose an energy-efficient beamforming-aware BS switching off method (EBBSOM), in which we first design a roaming-cost-based BS switching-off algorithm (EE-BSOA) to search the feasible inactive BSs and then propose a successive convex approximation (SCA) and Dinkelbach’s method-based EE maximization beamforming algorithm (EE-BFA) to optimize beamforming vectors. In order to keep the cooperative profit gain non-negative for MNOs and also to balance the load and power consumption of BS from the profit perspective, we present a profit-wise BS switching-off priority method. We theoretically prove that the proposed EBBSOM is able to resolve the inconsistency between BS switching-off and EE maximization. Simulations show that the proposed EBBSOM enhances the system EE without degrading the economic profit gain of MNOs. Also, the proposed profit-wise BS switching-off priority enables the EBBSOM to achieve higher EE than traditional load-wise one. Furthermore, it is also observed that there exists a feasible rate price region, which is able to clearly characterize network EE and the average profit gain of MNOs simultaneously.
Superior Displacement of the Dens in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2017)

Martinez-Singh, Krishna MPH; Bhatt, Birju D. MD; Peredo-Wende, Ruben MD; Kremer, Joel M. MD Author Information
Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Capsular Repair in Elite Baseball Players (2023)

Arthroscopic capsular repair provided significant improvements in functional outcomes in elite baseball players, high levels of patient satisfaction, and high levels of RTS.
The application of early goal directed therapy in patients during burn shock stage. (2017)

Early goal directed therapy (EGDT) provided at the earliest stages of burn shock, has significant benefits for ordinary burn patients, however, its effect on patients with more than 80% of total surface area burned (TBSA) still remains unclear. In this study, 34 extensively burned patients with (87.3±5.6)% of total surface area burned were collected from January 2008 to January 2014. All burn patients here had similar monitoring or treatment modalities. Of these 34 burn patients, 13 patients were treated with EGDT under pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) monitoring, and 21 patients were treated with conventional fluid management. Information obtained in the course of treatment included mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO<sub>2</sub>), oxygenation index (PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>), blood lactic acid and urine volume, infusion volume (mL·1% TBSA<sup>-1</sup>·Kg<sup>-1</sup>), complications of over-resuscitation (hydrothorax or pulmonary edema), case rate of burn sepsis and fatality. Our results demonstrated that there existed significant difference between the two groups in parameters below: 1. Higher ScvO<sub>2</sub> (%) after EGDT (EGDT: 78.1±8.6, CG: 65.5±11.2; t=-3.446, P<0.05), 2. Higher PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> after EGDT (EGDT: 381.4±56.6, CG: 328.9±48.6; t=2-875, P<0.05), 3. Lower mean infusion volume after EGDT (mL·1% TBSA<sup>-1</sup>·Kg<sup>-1</sup>) (EGDT: 3.29±0.26, CG: 3.71±0.31; t=5.292, P<0.05), 4. Lower complications of over-resuscitation after EGDT (EGDT: 2/13, CG: 15/21; P<0.05); However, no statistical significance existed in parameters below: 1. MAP (EGDT: 76.2±13.1, CG: 74.3±15.6; t=-0.36, P>0.05), 2. Urine volume (EGDT: 0.83±0.12, CG: 0.85±0.17; t=0.370, P>0.05), 3. Case of burn sepsis (EGDT: 13/13, CG: 20/21; P=1), 4. Case fatality (EGDT: 1/13, CG: 3/21; P=1). The finding results showed that patients with more than 80% of total surface area burned during burn shock phase could get better outcome from EGDT.
The effect of surface passivation on the microwave characteristics of undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2000)

Surface passivation of undoped AlGaN/CaN HEMT's reduces or eliminates the surface effects responsible for limiting both the RF current and breakdown voltages of the devices. Power measurements on a 2×125×0.5 μm AlGaN/GaN sapphire based HEMT demonstrate an increase in 4 GHz saturated output power from 1.0 W/mm [36% peak power-added efficiency (PAE)] to 2.0 W/mm (46% peak PAE) with 15 V applied to the drain in each case. Breakdown measurement data show a 25% average increase in breakdown voltage for 0.5 μm gate length HEMT's on the same wafer. Finally, 4 GHz power sweep data for a 2×75×0.4 μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT on sapphire processed using the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> passivation layer produced 4.0 W/mm saturated output power at 41% PAE (25 V drain bias). This result represents the highest reported microwave power density for undoped sapphire substrated AlGaN/GaN HEMT's.
A simple method of predicting S-wave velocity (2006)

Abstract Prediction of shear-wave velocity plays an important role in seismic modeling, amplitude analysis with offset, and other exploration applications. This paper presents a method for predicting S-wave velocity from the P-wave velocity on the basis of the moduli of dry rock. Elastic velocities of water-saturated sediments at low frequencies can be predicted from the moduli of dry rock by using Gassmann's equation; hence, if the moduli of dry rock can be estimated from P-wave velocities, then S-wave velocities easily can be predicted from the moduli. Dry rock bulk modulus can be related to the shear modulus through a compaction constant. The numerical results indicate that the predicted S-wave velocities for consolidated and unconsolidated sediments agree well with measured velocities if differential pressure is greater than approximately 5 MPa. An advantage of this method is that there are no adjustable parameters to be chosen, such as the pore-aspect ratios required in some other methods. The predicted S-wave velocity depends only on the measured P-wave velocity and porosity.
[Chronic unilateral obstruction to pulmonary venous return. A study on 6 cases and review of the published literature (author's transl)]. (1979)

The authors describe 6 cases of unilateral obstruction to pulmonary venous return: two cases of Halasz syndrome and postoperative obstruction of the reimplanted collector vein, one patient with Halasz syndrome and spontaneous obstruction of the vein in the form of a scimitar, one case of neoplastic invasion of the atrium-vein junction, one with unilateral absence of the right intra- and extraparenchymatous regions of the pulmonary veins, and lastly, a case of juxta-auricular interruption in the right pulmonary veins. The anatomy and physiopathology of the collateral venous pathways are briefly described, together with the relations between systemic arterial hypervascularization and pulmonary venous obstruction. The authors then review the radiological, clinical, and angiohemodynamic features of the unilateral venous obstruction syndrome, and conclude that precise diagnosis of venous occlusion, its location, and its tolerance are essential for deciding the therapeutic measures required.
Compact 8-wavelength × 2.5 Gbit/s transmitter/receiver module using PLC hybrid integration technology for WDM interconnections (2002)

A compact 8-wavelength×2.5 Gbit/s hybrid integrated transmitter/ receiver module has been successfully developed, in which eight DFB-LDs/PDs are flip-chip bonded on an AWG multi/demultiplexer. It has also been confirmed that these WDM modules provide satisfactory levels of performance for realising switching systems with a 5 Tbit/s throughput using WDM interconnections.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions for Fine Chemical Synthesis. Part 17. A New Highly Efficient Catalyst System for the Coupling of Nonactivated and Deactivated Aryl Chlorides with Arylboronic Acids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modular Avionics for the New Space Vision: The JPL Perspective (2005)

This viewgraph presentation reviews the challenges and the development of modular avionics systems to be used during future space travel in accord with the new vision for space exploration.
Study on Nickel Ferrite Formation by Using a Simple Method to Simulate Heat Transfer Surface (2007)

The condition of a heat transfer surface with boiling is composed of three environmental components; high temperature, high pressure and water vapor. In general an autoclave or a high temperature loop system is used for maintaining the required condition. The thermodynamic relationship of chemical reactions states that the free energy difference (ΔG) is clearly dependent on the reaction temperature and independent of the reaction pressure if the reaction has no volume change: (∂ΔG/∂P)T = ΔV ~ 0. Based on the above relationship, the high-pressure term was removed from the environmental components of the heat transfer surface. A vacuum quartz capsule with a moisturized metal oxide powder was used to study the formation of nickel ferrite. The feasibility of this simplified method to simulate a heat transfer surface was confirmed by an analysis of the FT-IR spectra and XRD pattern during the transformation of a nickel and iron mixed oxide into nickel ferrite.
vfTLP characteristics of ESD diodes in bulk si gate-all-around vertically stacked horizontal nanowire technology (2017)

For sub-7nm bulk Si CMOS, a gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW) device is a promising candidate. The new device architecture will have impact on the transient performance of an ESD protection diode. vfTLP measurement results and TCAD simulations prove that the performance in bulk GAA NW based diodes is maintained in comparison to bulk FinFET diodes.
A Microtexture Study of Palygorskite-Rich Sediments from the Hawthorne Formation, Southern Georgia, by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (2004)

Abstract A microtexture analysis by TEM and AFM of palygorskite deposits from the Hawthorne Formation, southern Georgia is given. Palygorskite is the dominant mineral comprising an average of 65–70% of the sample volume with smaller volumes of smectite, illite and kaolinite. Morphologic observations indicate that the palygorskite formed in an unconfined environment, such as in the water column or in open-pore space. Some palygorskite textures appear to be secondary growths filling voids. An unusual texture is observed where smectite or illite-smectite (Reichweite, R = 0) form epitaxially on detrital illite and kaolinite particles. Oxides of Fe and Ti are common, and authigenic cassiterite is present but rare. Apatite is a common trace mineral in these sediments and occurs in a variety of textures. Apatite occurs as clusters which are believed to be small fecal pellets. These clusters have been partially dissolved and recrystallized and the crystals in the clusters are 50–100 µm in diameter. Other apatite crystals occur either as single crystals or in clusters that are not associated with fecal pellets. The textural data of this study suggest that there was an evolving and complex mineralogical and geochemical system during and after deposition of the palygorskite deposits in the Hawthorne. The epitaxial overgrowths of smectite on detrital illite and kaolinite particles indicate an intermittent stratified water column occurring in the system. Freshwater was introduced into the system from the northeast of the Apalachicola embayment and overrode more saline water in the southwest portion of the embayment. The results of this study are consistent with previous environmental interpretations and provide additional details.
CYP2B6 and Bupropion’s Smoking-Cessation Pharmacology: The Role of Hydroxybupropion (2012)

Bupropion is indicated to promote smoking cessation. Animal studies suggest that the pharmacologic activity of bupropion can be mediated by its major metabolite, hydroxybupropion. We measured plasma bupropion and its metabolite levels in a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized smoking-cessation trial. Among the treatment-adherent individuals, higher hydroxybupropion concentrations (per μg/ml) resulted in better smoking-cessation outcomes (week 3, 7, and 26 odds ratio (OR) = 2.82, 2.96, and 2.37, respectively, P = 0.005-0.040); this was not observed with bupropion levels (OR = 1.00-1.03, P = 0.59-0.90). Genetic variation in CYP2B6, the enzyme that metabolizes bupropion to hydroxybupropion, was identified as a significant source of variability in hydroxybupropion formation. Our data indicate that hydroxybupropion contributes to the pharmacologic effects of bupropion for smoking cessation, and that variability in response to bupropion treatment is related to variability in CYP2B6-mediated hydroxybupropion formation. These findings suggest that dosing of bupropion to achieve a hydroxybupropion level of 0.7 μg/ml or increasing bupropion dose for CYP2B6 slow metabolizers could improve bupropion's cessation outcomes.
Preparation of small-area Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions in a self-aligned in-line technology and observation of the Coulomb blockade (1994)

We have demonstrated the suitability of a self-aligned in-line (SAIL) technique for the preparation of ultra-small high-ohmic tunnel junctions as required for the investigation of single-charge tunneling phenomena. The Coulomb blockade has been observed at 14mK by means of a series array of five Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions operated in the normal-conducting state. We have applied this conception to the fabrication of single junctions in a Nb/NbOx/PbAuIn system as well. At 4.2K these samples show the typical I-V behaviour of Josephson tunnel junctions as expected. The compatibility of this process with several thin film deposition techniques, evaporation as well as sputtering, extremely small parasitic capacitances and excellent integrability promise interesting applications in both single-charge electronics and Josephson physics.
Amélioration du diabète des patients transplantés rénaux sous belatacept (2019)

Les inhibiteurs de la calcineurine (CNI) et les stéroïdes sont fortement associés au diabète de novo, à l’aggravation du diabète préexistant et aux événements cardiovasculaires post-transplantation. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué le bénéfice de la conversion du tacrolimus au belatacept sur l’équilibre glycémique et sur les autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire dans la cohorte de nos patients transplantés rénaux diabétiques. Dans cette étude rétrospective non contrôlée, ont été inclus tous les transplantés rénaux diabétiques convertis au belatacept au CHU de Grenoble. Le critère de jugement principal était l’évolution de l’HbA1c entre le début du traitement et 6 mois après la conversion. Les critères de jugement secondaires comprenaient la modification des traitements antidiabétiques, des autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et de la fonction rénale. Entre mai 2016 et octobre 2018, 165 transplantés rénaux ont été convertis au belatacept. Parmi eux, 22 (13,3 %) étaient diabétiques et recevaient des antidiabétiques oraux (82 %) ou une insulinothérapie (55 %). À 6 mois, l’HbA1c a diminué de manière significative de 6,8 ± 1,4 % à 6,2 ± 1,1 %, p = 0,047. Le taux de HbA1c a notamment diminué chez les patients avec un diabète déséquilibré au moment de la conversion (HbA1c > 7 %). Les patients avec un diabète bien contrôlé ne diminuaient pas significativement l’HbA1c, mais 53 % d’entre eux ont diminué ou arrêté leurs traitements antidiabétiques. Les autres paramètres cardiovasculaires ne ses sont pas améliorés au cours du suivi et notamment la pression artérielle moyenne, l’utilisation de statines et d’antihypertenseurs. La fonction rénale est restée stable et aucun patient n’a présenté d’effet indésirable majeur, ni rejet aigu, ni perte de greffon. Une conversion tardive des CNI au belatacept semble être une option thérapeutique intéressante pour les patients transplantés rénaux diabétiques, car associé à une baisse significative de leur HbA1c et une baisse des traitements antidiabétiques.
Detecting DGA domains with recurrent neural networks and side information (2019)

Modern malware typically makes use of a domain generation algorithm (DGA) to avoid command and control domains or IPs being seized or sinkholed. This means that an infected system may attempt to access many domains in an attempt to contact the command and control server. Therefore, the automatic detection of DGA domains is an important task, both for the sake of blocking malicious domains and identifying compromised hosts. However, many DGAs use English wordlists to generate plausibly clean-looking domain names; this makes automatic detection difficult. In this work, we devise a notion of difficulty for DGA families called the smashword score; this measures how much a DGA family looks like English words. We find that this measure accurately reflects how much a DGA family's domains look like they are made from natural English words. We then describe our new modeling approach, which is a combination of a novel recurrent neural network architecture with domain registration side information. Our experiments show the model is capable of effectively identifying domains generated by difficult DGA families. Our experiments also show that our model outperforms existing approaches, and is able to reliably detect difficult DGA families such as matsnu, suppobox, rovnix, and others. The model's performance compared to the state of the art is best for DGA families that resemble English words. We believe that this model could either be used in a standalone DGA domain detector---such as an endpoint security application---or alternately the model could be used as a part of a larger malware detection system.
Heavy-Ion Driver Linac for the RIA Facility and the Feasibility of Producing Multi-Megawatt Beams (2005)

The Rare‐Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility is a top priority project in the U.S. RIA is a next generation facility for basic research with radioactive beams that utilizes both standard isotope‐separator on‐line and in‐flight fragmentation methods with novel approaches to handle high primary‐beam power and remove existing limitations in the extraction of short‐lived isotopes. A versatile primary accelerator, a 1.4‐GV, CW superconducting linac, will provide beams from protons at 1 GeV to uranium at 400 MeV/u at power levels of 400 kW. Novel features include the acceptance of two charge states of heavy ions from the ion source and the acceleration of five charge states following the stripper foils. To achieve these goals, comprehensive beam dynamics studies have been performed to optimize the design of the driver linac. Recently we have investigated the feasibility of increasing the currents of light ions to deliver megawatts of beam power. This option is entirely possible from the beam dynamics point of view. It would require higher power from the rf system, as well as, increased shielding at the beam loss points with respect to the existing baseline design. Preliminary indications of the limitations of beam power for this class of CW superconducting linac for light ion beams will be presented.