gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Impedance Immunosensor for the Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Aqueous Solution (2010)

A label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor is reported by immobilizing protein antibody, αCRP-Ab, through a self assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) using a cross linker, Bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate (BS3), on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode. The immunosensor (αCRP-Ab/BS3/APTES/ITOglass) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical performance of the immunosensor was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed an increasing electron-transfer resistance with the immobilization of CRP antibody (αCRP-Ab) on the modified ITO coated glass electrode surface and on their coupling with protein CRP antigen (αCRP-Ag) at the immunosensor surface in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as redox probe. The immunosensor exhibits an electrochemical impedance response to antigen, αCRP-Ab, concentrations in a linear range from 8.5 ng to 9.12 μg mL−1 a with a lowest detection limit of 3.5 ng mL−1 antigen.
Antimicrobial Activity of PHB/Chitosan Films and Quality of White Bread Packaged with the Films (2005)

The antimicrobial activity of PHB/chitosan films and the quality of white bread packaged with the films were investigated. Chitosan film showed the highest antimicrobial activity and PHB(L) film also showed high antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani KCTC 6636 and Penicillium citreonigrum KCTC 6927. White bread packaged with chitosan film had good moisture retention. of white bread increased but did little change during storage regardless of the film kind. The TBA values of white bread packaged with chitosan or PHB(L) film slowly increased during storage. The springiness of white bread packaged with PHB(M), PHB(L) and chitosan film was high. The colony forming units of microorganisms for white bread packaged with chitosan film were low during storage. Therefore, PHB(M), PHB(L) and chitosan films were superior to PHB(H) and PHB films as package material for white bread.
Incorporation of a perfluoroalkylalkane (R F R H ) into the phospholipid bilayer of dmpc liposomes results in greater encapsulation stability (1994)

The incorporation of a linear perfluoroalkylalkane (RFRH diblock compound) with a CnF2n+1CH=CHCmH2m+1 structure into the bilayer of DMPC liposomes results in a decreased permeability of the liposomal membrane for two fluorescent markers, carboxyfluorescein (CF) and calcein, in a buffer and in human serum. Half-leakage times of CF from DMPC and DMPC/C4F9CH=CHC10H21 vesicles in Hepes buffer were 55 min and 15 hrs, respectively. For the same two types of vesicles, half-leakage times of calcein in human serum were 30 and 210 s., respectively.
Initiation of DNA synthesis by the calf thymus DNA polymerase-primase complex. (1985)

The calf thymus DNA polymerase-alpha-primase complex purified by immunoaffinity chromatography catalyzes the synthesis of RNA initiators on phi X174 single-stranded viral DNA that are efficiently elongated by the DNA polymerase. Trace amounts of ATP and GTP are incorporated into products that are full length double-stranded circular DNAs. When synthetic polydeoxynucleotides are used as templates, initiation and DNA synthesis occurs with both poly(dT) and poly(dC), but neither initiation nor DNA synthesis was observed with poly(dA) and poly(dI) templates. Nitrocellulose filter binding and sucrose gradient centrifugation studies show that the DNA polymerase-primase complex binds to deoxypyrimidine polymers, but not to deoxypurine polymers. Using d(pA)-50 with 3'-oligo(dC) tails and d(pI)-50 with 3'-oligo(dT) tails, initiator synthesis and incorporation of deoxynucleotide can be demonstrated when the average pyrimidine sequence lengths are 8 and 4, respectively. These results suggest that purine polydeoxynucleotides are used as templates by the DNA polymerase only after initiation has occurred on the oligodeoxypyrimidine sequence and that the pyrimidine stretch required by the primase activity is relatively short. Analysis of initiator chain length with poly(dC) as template showed a series of oligo(G) initiators of 19-27 nucleotides in the absence of dGTP, and 5-13 nucleotides in the presence of dGTP. The chain length of initiators synthesized by the complex when poly(dT) or oligodeoxythymidylate-tailed poly(dI) was used can be as short as a dinucleotide. Analysis of the products of replication of oligo(dC)-tailed poly(dA) shows that initiator with chain length as low as 4 can be used for initiation by the polymerase-primase complex.
Murine tissues exposed to cytotoxic drugs display altered patterns of Candida albicans adhesion (1994)

An ex vivo adhesion assay was used to examine the binding of Candida albicans yeast cells to tissues from mice treated with cytotoxic drugs such as lipopolysaccharide and the clinically used anticancer drugs doxorubicin, cisplatin, and vincristine. No major differences were observed in binding of the fungal cells to liver and kidney tissues from treated or untreated animals. All drug-treated spleens displayed altered patterns of C. albicans adhesion compared with the control group, with yeast cells bound not only to the marginal zone but also to the white and red pulp. Immunostaining for macrophages, which are proposed as the site of normal adhesion, showed no apparent differences between the control and the experimental spleens that could account for the change in adhesion patterns. Scanning electron microscopy images suggested that yeast binding to the white pulp of treated tissue is mediated through fibers, perhaps extracellular matrix components exposed as result of the cytotoxic treatment. Exposure of new attachment sites for C. albicans in treated tissues may facilitate initiation of infection.
Area Recovery by Abutted Cell Placement: Can Fillers be Killers? An Eye-opening Viewpoint! (2006)

As the world is moving towards the UDSM era, designs are becoming more and more complex in terms of power, performance, area and time to market. Market demands and business competition is putting extreme pressure to devise unconventional methods for coming up with cost effective solutions without compromising on the needs. The need of the hour is to look at all the possible avenues to save cost and design time. The proposed approach is one step towards minimizing chip area wastage minimization due to inefficient placement algorithms. Contemporary placement algorithms often leave small gaps between standard cells in an attempt to limit density and ensure routability. In many cases these gaps can be consolidated by abutting the standard cells, creating additional useful area. We have found on many highly timing critical, congested and high cell row utilized designs (Row utilizations ~ 85%) the congested areas have small gaps between adjacent standard cells which gets eventually filled with small filler cells (FILLER1 and FILLER2) during filler insertion. These small filler cells serve no logical function whereas bigger FILLER cells can still be used later for the ECO/Metal ECO purposes. We have come up with the placement flows and scripts which minimize this area wastage due to small gaps between adjacent standard cells. This is achieved by removing the small fillers and then abutting standard cells to make bigger usable areas out of the small unusable areas. This bigger usable area is a boon to the designers during the design ECOs in the congested area. These bigger spaces are not only good for ECOs but also serve as a constructive area for reducing dynamic IR drops by filling with DECAP (decoupling capacitor) cells. This helps timing and power optimization in the congested area by serving as reinforcement to the power supply (Zhao et al., 2001). We found that designers could minimize the area wastage by more than 75-80% without significantly hurting the design timing or congestion statistics. Using the proposed, abutted standard cell placement flow helped in reducing the "Filler1-2/Total Filler" percentage by more than 75-80%. A few small filler cells are still used since they are under the metal 1-2 power route, where standard cells cannot be placed due the pin blockage issue for router access
Cartesian impedance control techniques for torque controlled light-weight robots (2003)

The paper compares various approaches to implementing a compliant Cartesian behavior for robotic manipulators: impedance, admittance and stiffness control. A new controller structure is proposed, which consists of an impedance controller enhanced by local stiffness control. This structure consistently takes into account the two time scale property of the joint and Cartesian control loops. The DLR light-weight robot, with its position, torque and impedance interfaces on joint level, is an adequate platform for the implementation of the presented methods. The experimental results are discussed and a critical comparison of the performance with different controllers is made. As an application for the new control structure the fast and intuitive teaching of an insertion task (piston into a motor block) is described.
A policy deployment model for the Ponder language (2002)

Policies are rules that govern the choices in behaviour of a system. Security policies define what actions are permitted or not permitted, for what or for whom, and under what conditions. Management policies define what actions need to be carried out when specific events occur within a system or what resources must be allocated under specific conditions. There is considerable interest in the use of policies for the security and management of large-scale networks and distributed services. Existing policy work has focussed on specification, information models and application-specific policy enforcement. We address the important goal of providing a general-purpose deployment model for policies that is independent of the underlying policy enforcement mechanisms and can be employed in mixed policy environments. In this paper, we present a deployment model that is object-oriented and addresses the instantiation, distribution and enabling of policies as well as the disabling, unloading and deletion of policies. The model defines objects for policies, for domains, and for the policy enforcement agent and outlines the interactions needed between them. The model also caters for changes in the memberships of domains since such changes also effect policy enforcement. The model forms part of the run-time support for Ponder; a new policy language that combines structuring ideas from object-oriented languages with a common set of policy basic types.
Design of a New Type of Compact Chemical Heater for Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification (2015)

Previous chemical heater designs for isothermal nucleic acid amplification have been based on solid-liquid phase transition, but using this approach, developers have identified design challenges en route to developing a low-cost, disposable device. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a new heater configuration suitable for isothermal amplification in which one reactant of an exothermic reaction is a liquid-gas phase-change material, thereby eliminating the need for a separate phase-change compartment. This design offers potentially enhanced performance and energy density compared to other chemical and electric heaters.
Storage of organically produced crops (OF0127T) (1997)

Exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for infants until they are six months of age. After six months, infants require complementary foods to meet their nutritional needs. This is when weaning begins. Weaning is the gradual process of introducing complementary foods to an infant's diet while continuing to breastfeed. There is no universally accepted or scientifically proven time when all breastfeeding must stop. The timing and process of weaning need to be individualized by mother and child. Weaning might be abrupt or gradual, take weeks or several months, be child-led or mother-led. Physicians need to guide and support mothers through the weaning process. This document replaces a previous Canadian Paediatric Society position statement on weaning published in 2004.
Talking heads - communication, articulation and animation (1996)

Human speech communication relies not only on audition, but also on vision, especially during poor acoustic conditions. The face is an important carrier of both linguistic and extra-linguistic information. Using computer graphics it is possible to synthesize faces and do audio-visual text-to-speech synthesis, a technique that has a number of interesting applications for example in the area of man-machine interfaces. At KTH, a system for rule-based audio-visual text-tospeech synthesis has been developed. The system is based on the KTH text-tospeech system which has been complemented with a three-dimensional parametric model of a human face, that is animated in real time in synchrony with the auditory speech. The audio-visual text-to-speech synthesis has also been incorporated into a system for spoken man-machine dialogue.
Hierarchical Fourier Disparity Layer Transmission For Light Field Streaming (2020)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to efficiently transmit light fields in the Fourier Disparity Layer (FDL) representation using a binary hierarchical scheme. The FDL model consists of a set of additive layers which can be simply shifted and summed to render a view of the light field at any angular coordinate. In order to transmit the FDL model, we propose a method for building a binary tree where the root consists of a single compound layer obtained as the sum of all the original layers. Subsequent levels of the tree are obtained by splitting a parent layer into two children layers whose sum is equal to the parent layer. Hence, the FDL model is recursively refined with additional layers at each new level, resulting in a scalable representation. An efficient scheme is proposed to encode a single image in order to split a parent layer into its two children. Thanks to this approach, the total number of images to decode for receiving the complete tree is equal to the number of layers in the original FDL model, which is typically smaller than the number of views required in the traditional light field representation.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Lung Cancer (2007)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Their discovery in the 1990s provided insights into the cellular mechanisms involved in the control of energy homeostasis; the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; and the modulation of important biological and pathological processes related to inflammation, among others. Since then, PPARs have become an exciting therapeutic target for several diseases. PPARs are expressed by many tumors including lung carcinoma cells, and their function has been linked to the process of carcinogenesis in lung. Consequently, intense research is being conducted in this area with the hope of discovering new PPAR-related therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung cancer. This review summarizes the research being conducted in this area and focuses on the mechanisms by which PPARs are believed to affect lung tumor cell biology.
Weight Cycling and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes among Adult Women in the United States (2004)

Weight cycling was strongly associated with BMI, but it was not independently predictive of developing type 2 diabetes.
Survey on energy efficiency measurements in heterogenous facility logistics systems (2011)

Basically there are two ways to improve the energy efficiency of heterogeneous material flow systems - modification of technical components and control with intelligent strategies. In order to reduce the consumed energy the design, configuration and control strategy of different conveyor systems have to be analyzed by mechanical and electrical measurements. To quantify the need of energy under conditions as close as possible to reality a testing facility with different conveyor elements and electrical drives with power monitoring capabilities was installed in order to give a database for further research activities. On the one hand the acquired data can be used to optimize the efficiency of the total drive train. On the other hand they conduce to develop new intelligent control strategies for an energy efficient operation of heterogeneous facility logistics system. Eventually, the design of a monitoring system in a testing facility is the topic of this contribution.
<i>In-vitro</i> Activation of Lymphocytes from Patients with Malignant Diseases (1971)

Peripheral leukocytes from patients with acute (AL) or chronic (CL) leukemia were cultured in vitro, and their behaviour when stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or staphyloccal filtrate (SF) was studied. The response of the cells from AL patients was much higher than the response obtained with cells from CL patients. However, only 2 patients from the former group reached almost normal values when stimulated by SF, while generally the response to PHA and SF were depressed in both groups. Leukocytes from normal subjects showed maximum response at 3 and 5 days after incubation for PHA and SF stimulation respectively. The cells from leukemic patients reached maximum degree of stimulation after a varying delay of a few days. After treatment when remission was induced, a gradual return to normal of the magnitude and kinetics of response was observed in peripheral blood of some patients.
Modified nuclear processing of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein RNA during inflammation. (1987)

Rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein is an acute phase reactant which shows a marked elevation in mRNA level following inflammatory induction. It has been proposed that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate the induction of the gene. We have studied the processing of the primary transcript of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The preferred pathway of intron removal was determined by Northern blot analysis and was found to be unaltered after inflammatory stimulation. The final nuclear precursor did exhibit size alterations, manifest as a quantitative shift from the final precursor at 6 h to a second progressively shorter form at 18 and 24 h. Deadenylation of nuclear RNA showed that the difference in size of the precursor is due to a change in poly(A) tail length, which occurs after the splicing out of the last intron. Nuclear run-on transcription assays measured a 2.5-fold increase in transcriptional activity, with a peak at 12 h. The highest level of cytoplasmic RNA with a long poly(A) tail, however, occurs before 12 h. Our data suggest that the reduction in poly(A) tail size is due to a rapid trimming of the tail in the nucleus and that this process is modified upon inflammatory induction.
An NADH-Dependent Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase-like Protein in Conjunction with a Glutaredoxin Homologue Form a Unique Peroxiredoxin (AhpC) Reducing System in Clostridium pasteurianum (2002)

Many eubacterial genomes including those of Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus mutans, and Thermus aquaticus encode a dedicated flavoprotein reductase (AhpF, Nox1, or PrxR) just downstream of the structural gene for their peroxiredoxin (Prx, AhpC) homologue to reduce the latter protein during turnover. In contrast, the obligate anaerobe Clostridium pasteurianum codes for a two-component reducing system upstream of the ahpC homologue. These three structural genes, herein designated cp34, cp9, and cp20, were previously identified upstream of the rubredoxin gene in C. pasteurianum, but were not linked to expression of the latter gene [Mathieu, I., and Meyer, J. (1993) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 112, 223-227]. cp34, cp9, and cp20 have been expressed in Escherichia coli, and their products have been purified and characterized. Cp34 and Cp9 together catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of Cp20 to effect the reduction of various hydroperoxide substrates. Cp34, containing noncovalently bound FAD and a redox-active disulfide center, is an unusual member of the low-M(r) thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) family. Like Escherichia coli TrxR, Cp34 lacks the 200-residue N-terminal AhpC-reducing domain present in S. typhimurium AhpF. Although Cp34 is more similar to TrxR than to AhpF in sequence comparisons of the nucleotide-binding domains, experiments demonstrated that NADH was the preferred reductant (Km = 2.65 microM). Cp9 (a distant relative of bacterial glutaredoxins) is a direct electron acceptor for Cp34, possesses a redox-active CXXC active site, and mediates the transfer of electrons from Cp34 to several disulfide-containing substrates including 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), insulin, and Cp20. These three proteins are proposed to play a vital role in the defense of C. pasteurianum against oxidative damage and may help compensate for the putative lack of catalase activity in this organism.
Influence of GA and SADH on Naptalam Uptake by Wheat and Soybean Seedlings (1977)

The uptake of naptalam ( N -1-naphthylphthalamic acid) by wheat ( Triticum vulgare L. ‘Mericopa’) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘York’) was enhanced when the herbicide was applied simultaneously with SADH (succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide). Both root and shoot systems of growth regulator-treated plants exhibited enhanced herbicide uptake. Naptalam uptake by wheat seedlings was also stimulated by GA (gibberellic acid), but the GA influence in this respect was less dramatic than that of SADH. The uptake of the herbicide by soybean was not influenced by GA.
Review article: Intestinal epithelia and barrier functions (1997)

The mucosal epithelia of the digestive tract acts as a selective barrier, permeable to ions, small molecules and macromolecules. These epithelial cells aid the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. They contribute to the protection against pathogens and undergo continuous cell renewal which facilitates the elimination of damaged cells. Both innate and adaptive defence mechanisms protect the gastrointestinal-mucosal surfaces against pathogens. Interaction of microorganisms with epithelial cells triggers a host response by activating specific transcription factors which control the expression of chemokines and cytokines. This host response is characterized by the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils at the site of infection. Disruption of epithelial signalling pathways that recruit migratory immune cells results in a chronic inflammatory response. The adaptive defence mechanism relies on the collaboration of epithelial cells (resident sampling system) with antigen-presenting and lymphoid cells (migratory sampling system); in order to obtain samples of foreign antigen, these samples must be transported across the barriers without affecting the integrity of the barrier. These sampling systems are regulated by both environmental and host factors. Fates of the antigen may differ depending on the way in which they cross the epithelial barrier, i.e. via interaction with motile dendritic cells or epithelial M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium.
Isolation and structure of the remarkable human cancer cell growth inhibitors spongistatins 2 and 3 from an eastern indian ocean Spongia sp. (1993)

G. R. Pettit, Z. A. Cichacz, F. Gao, C. L. Herald and M. R. Boyd, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1166 DOI: 10.1039/C39930001166
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Polyhalopyridines. Part 5. Reactions of 4‐ Trifluoromethylthio‐2,3,5,6‐tetrachloropyridine with Nucleophilic Agents. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.