gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyper-β-Alaninemia Associated with β-Aminoaciduria and γ-Aminobutyricaciduria, Somnolence and Seizures (1966)

Hyper-beta-alaninemia was found in a somnolent, convulsing infant. Hyper-beta-aminoaciduria (beta-ala, betaAIB and taurine) was also observed, varying directly with plasma beta-alanine concentration. The beta-aminoaciduria is explained by the interaction between beta-alanine and a specific cellular-transport system with preference for beta-amino compounds. Gamma-aminobutyricaciduria was also observed, its excretion being independent of beta-alanine levels. Dietary modifications, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid and antibiotic therapy were not beneficial. Post-mortem tissues had elevated levels of beta-alanine and carnosine; GABA levels in brain were probably elevated for the age of the patient. A proposed block in beta-alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase would expand the free beta-alanine pool, thus increasing tissue carnosine. beta-Alanine is a central-nervous-system depressant. Associated inhibition of GABA transaminase and displacement of GABA from central-nervous-system binding sites would produce GABAuria and convulsions.
Tungsten and molybdenum 2-oxaallyl [.eta.1-(C)-enolate] complexes: functional group transformations, photochemical aldol reactions, and alkyne/carbon monoxide migratory insertion reactions (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTungsten and molybdenum 2-oxaallyl [.eta.1-(C)-enolate] complexes: functional group transformations, photochemical aldol reactions, and alkyne/carbon monoxide migratory insertion reactionsElizabeth R. Burkhardt, Jeffrey J. Doney, Robert G. Bergman, and Clayton H. HeathcockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7, 2022–2039Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00241a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00241a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cover Picture: Facile Fabrication of Core–Shell‐Structured Ag@Carbon and Mesoporous Yolk–Shell‐Structured Ag@Carbon@Silica by an Extended Stöber Method (Chem. Eur. J. 22/2013) (2013)

The well-known Stöber method has been used to coat crosslinked polymers on inorganic nanomaterials. In their Communication on page 6942 ff., J. Liu, S. Z. Qiao, and co-workers report a procedure for the synthesis of Ag,AgBr@RF core–shell composites from a resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) resin and their derivative core–and yolk–shell-structured carbon composites. Because of the adjustability and functionality of both cores and shells, these complex core–and yolk–shell spheres could have potential applications as nanocatalysts. The well-known Stöber method has been used to coat crosslinked polymers on inorganic nanomaterials. In their Communication on page 6942 ff., J. Liu, S. Z. Qiao, and co-workers report a procedure for the synthesis of Ag,AgBr@RF core–shell composites from a resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) resin and their derivative core–and yolk–shell-structured carbon composites. Because of the adjustability and functionality of both cores and shells, these complex core–and yolk–shell spheres could have potential applications as nanocatalysts. Materials-Based Receptors In their Minireview on page 6914 ff., K. Singh, P. Kaur, H. Miyake et al. describe recent advances in colorimetric materials-based receptors combining supramolecular and nanoscopic supports to produce functional multicomponent ensembles. Materials that allow highly sensitive and selective sensing of a variety of analytes of environmental and biological concern are discussed, along with their scope and limitations.1 Ruthenium at the Cross-Roads In their Communication on page 6938 ff., B. Plietker and T. Schabel describe how different CH activation modes in hydrovinylation can lead to different products. Targeted direct energy transfer under microwave irradiation to a catalytic polar organometallic intermediate is the key to selectivity in Ru-catalyzed cross-hydrovinylations between α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and terminal alkynes. Under kinetic control, a Ru complex inserts into an electron-withdrawing CH bond of a terminal alkyne; however, the subsequent steps within the catalytic cycle lead to the formation of thermodynamically less stable enynes. Microwave irradiation allows the Ru complex to step over the higher activation barrier of the β-CH activation of an acyrylate, thus leading to the desired cross-coupled dienes or even trienes.1 DNA The synthesis of isobicyclo-DNA (iso-bc-DNA) building blocks with all four natural bases, their incorporation into oligonucleotides, and their RNA and DNA recognition properties is presented. Their structure was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and their biological properties by serum stability and RNaseH activation. Slight changes in the DNA backbone geometry lead to remarkable changes in the duplex structure, as can be seen from the properties of isobicyclo-DNA. For more details see the Full Paper by C. J. Leumann and A.-B. Gerber on page 6990 ff.1
Genetic markers associated with abstinence length in alcohol-dependent subjects treated with acamprosate (2014)

Acamprosate supports abstinence in some alcohol-dependent subjects, yet predictors of response are unknown. To identify response biomarkers, we investigated associations of abstinence length with polymorphisms in candidate genes in glycine and glutamate neurotransmission pathways and genes previously implicated in acamprosate response. Association analyses were conducted in the discovery sample of 225 alcohol-dependent subjects treated with acamprosate for 3 months in community-based treatment programs in the United States. Data from 110 alcohol-dependent males treated with acamprosate in the study PREDICT were used for replication of the top association findings. Statistical models were adjusted for relevant covariates, including recruitment site and baseline clinical variables associated with response. In the discovery sample, shorter abstinence was associated with increased intensity of alcohol craving and lower number of days between the last drink and initiation of acamprosate treatment. After adjustment for covariates, length of abstinence was associated with the GRIN2B rs2058878 (P=4.6 × 10(-5)). In the replication sample, shorter abstinence was associated with increased craving, increased depressive mood score and higher alcohol consumption. Association of abstinence length with GRIN2B rs2058878 was marginally significant (P=0.0675); as in the discovery sample, the minor A allele was associated with longer abstinence. Furthermore, rs2300272, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs2058878, was also associated with abstinence length (P=0.049). This is the first report of a replicated association of genetic markers with the length of abstinence in acamprosate-treated alcoholics. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms of this association and its usefulness for individualized treatment selection should follow.
Fluorescent Cross-Linked Polystyrene Perylenebisimide/Oligo(p-Phenylenevinylene) Microbeads with Controlled Particle Size, Tunable Colors, and High Solid State Emission (2013)

A series fo cross-linked fluorescent polystyrene (PS) microbeads with narrow size distribution and intense solid state emission was developed. Fluorophores based on perylene bisimide (PBI) and oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) designed as acrylic cross-linkers were introduced into the polymerization recipe in a two-stage dispersion polymerization, carried out in ethanol in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as stabilizer. The structural design permitted introduction of up to 10(-5) moles of the fluorophores into the polymerization medium without fouling of the dispersion. The particle size measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that they were nearly monodisperse with size in the range 2-3 μm depending on the amount of fluorophore incorporated. Fluorescence microscope images of ethanol dispersion of the sample exhibited intense orange red emission for PS-PBI-X series and green emission for PS-OPV-X series. A PS incorporated with both OPVX and PBIX exhibited dual emission upon exciting at the OPV wavelength of 350 nm and PBI wavelength of 490 nm, respectively. The low incorporation of fluorophore resulted in almost complete absence of aggregation induced reduction in fluorescence as well as red-shifted aggregate emission. The solid state emission quantum yield measured using integrating-sphere setup indicated a very high quantum yield of ϕpowder = 0.71 for PS-OPV-X and ϕpowder = 0.25 for PS-PBI-X series. The cross-linked PS microbeads incorporating both OPV and PBI chromophores had a ϕpowder = 0.33 for PBI emission and ϕpowder = 0.20 for OPV emission. This strategy of introducing fluorophore as cross-linkers into the PS backbone is very versatile and amenable to simultaneous addition of different suitably designed fluorophores emitting at different wavelengths.
Synthesis of pyrrolo[3′,4′:2,3]azepino[4,5,6‐cd]indole‐8,10‐diones (2000)

Abstract 3‐Amino‐4‐(3‐indolyl)pyrrolin‐2,5‐diones are condensed with various aldehydes and ketones to the cor responding imines. Under Pictet‐Spengler conditions, the latter do not cyclize to pyrrolo‐β‐carbolines, but readily yield pyrrolo[3′,4′:2,3]azepino[4,5,6‐ cd ]indole‐8,10‐diones.
Prospects for Increasing the Efficacy of Plant Resistance Inducers Stimulating Salicylic Acid (2022)

Systemic acquired resistance is a powerful mechanism, based on the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway, which allows plants to resist to a wide range of pathogens. High SA, moreover, plays a key role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. It seems, therefore, desirable to supply analogs of SA or stimulate the production of endogenous SA. Unfortunately, the chemical substances or physical means used for this effect often display a variable efficacy. After providing a review of them, we defend three major ideas: (i) plant resistance inducers (PRIs) must be combined for higher efficacy, notably for exploiting synergic effects between the SA and other signaling pathways, (ii) disease pressure can be reduced by exploiting the fungicidal properties displayed by some PRIs, (iii) biostimulants and crop management techniques should be used to ensure that plants have the resources they need to synthesize the compounds and structures required for efficient and lasting resistance. Some PRIs could also be used for their biostimulant effects in stress conditions. It could be concluded that holistic approaches which jointly address the issues of defense and tolerance stimulation, disease pressure and resource availability in plants are the ones that will allow for substantial reduction in fungicide use without sacrificing crop performance.
Simultaneous layout, process, and model optimization within an integrated design-for-yield environment (2006)

Trends in the design feature shrinking that outrun the progress in the lithography technologies require critical efforts in the layout, process, and model development. Printing a layout is no longer a problem only for the lithographers; it has penetrated into the layout stage as well. Layout patterns are getting more aggressive, raising serious printability concerns. This requires very accurate models to analyze the manufacturability issues. This also often requires simultaneous analysis and optimization of both layout and the process. Most advanced layout patterns are extremely hard to manufacture and consequently run into the risk of re-spins. Therefore, an early pre-tapeout analysis and troubleshooting of various layout, process, and RET issues has become a very important task. Our paper gives examples of how these and other related issues can be addressed using a commercially available Design-for-Yield integrated environment.
An end-user oriented graph-based visualization for spreadsheets (2008)

One of the difficulties in understanding and debugging spreadsheets is due to the invisibility of the data flow structure which is associated with cell formulas. In this paper, we present a spreadsheet visualization approach that is mainly based on the Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm in an attempt to help spreadsheet users understand and debug their spreadsheets.
Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of liposomal curcumin in healthy humans (2014)

Short-term intravenous dosing of liposomal curcumin appears to be safe up to a dose of 120 mg/m2. Changes in red blood cell morphology may represent a dose limiting sign of toxicity.
Clinical significance of specific autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis. (1996)

Based on our findings, we do not recommend routine clinical testing for these antibodies in children with typical juvenile DM. Further study of the unidentified bands seen in our subjects may lead to better understanding of the clinical groupings and etiopathogenesis of childhood myositis.
Genetic Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas (2002)

In recent years, there have been significant developments in our understanding of the genetic basis of pancreatic diseases, including hereditary pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. This publication summarizes important new scientific information about these diseases and provides guidelines for genetic testing for hereditary pancreatitis as well as
Large-scale production of growing oocytes in vitro from neonatal mouse ovaries (2009)

Although fetal or neonatal mammalian ovaries contain many non-growing oocytes within primordial follicles, most degenerate and only a few contribute to the oocyte pool in the mature ovary. Here, we report a follicle-free culture system that allows a large number of these arrested oocytes to enter the growth phase in vitro. As many as 800 oocytes from a newborn mouse, corresponding to more than 10(4) oocytes in large animals, continued to develop, formed a zona pellucida, and were able to fuse with spermatozoa. Some oocytes reached the size of those in normal antral follicles and entered metaphase I, indicating the completion of the growth phase. The key to success was the sequential provision of essential nutrients and growth factors to the oocytes, while preventing the apoptosis that normally occurs in the majority of growing oocytes in vivo. Importantly, maternal genomic imprinting, which is necessary for normal embryonic development, was imposed correctly on their genomes autonomously. Thus, arrested primordial oocytes can be rescued effectively in vitro and can undergo the morphological and genomic modifications necessary for fertilization and subsequent embryonic development. This culture system may provide a significant impetus to the development of new techniques for the efficient production of oocytes from fetal or neonatal ovaries, for research, clinical, and zoological purposes.
Induction of Polyphosphoinositide Breakdown in Rat Corpus Luteum by Prostaglandin F2α* (1986)

The present study examines the possibility that, in the rat corpus luteum, an initial action of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is to induce a ligand-stimulated breakdown of membrane inositol phospholipids. Luteal cells in primary culture were prepared from immature rats after PMSG and human CG priming. In 32P-prelabeled cells, PGF2 alpha caused a rapid decrease in the level of radiolabel found in phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, as early as 20 sec after addition of the hormones. At 1 and 2.5 min, the effect of 10(-6) M PGF2 alpha on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate was significantly greater than that caused by 10(-6) M LHRH in identical cell cultures. By contrast, the levels of the 32P-prelabeled phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid were increased at 5 min by PGF2 alpha or LHRH. Concomitant with the alterations in cellular levels of 32P-prelabeled phospholipids, PGF2 alpha markedly enhanced the accumulation of 3H-labeled inositol phosphates, i.e. inositol 1-phosphate, inositol diphosphate, and inositol triphosphate, during a 5-min incubation. A significant increase of radiolabeled inositol diphosphate was seen as early as 1 min after the addition of either PGF2 alpha or LHRH; PGF2 alpha was more effective than LHRH in this regard. The stimulatory effect of LHRH on inositol phosphate accumulation could be blocked completely by the concomitant presence of a potent LHRH antagonist, and at the concentration used (10(-6) M) the effects of PGF2 alpha and LHRH were not additive. Interestingly, the addition of an exogenous phospholipase C also caused a similar enhancement of inositol phosphate accumulation in identical cell cultures. For the first time, these data suggest that, at the level of the corpus luteum, hydrolysis of phosphoinositides may immediately follow PGF2 alpha (and to a lesser extent LHRH) receptor binding, and this in turn may lead to the generation of 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates, resynthesis of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol, and mobilization of Ca2+.
Constitutive Activation of Photoreceptor Guanylate Cyclase by Y99C Mutant of GCAP-1 (1998)

Photoreceptor membrane guanylate cyclases (RetGC) are regulated by calcium-binding proteins, GCAP-1 and GCAP-2. At Ca2+ concentrations below 100 nM, characteristic of light-adapted photoreceptors, guanylate cyclase-activating protein (GCAPs) activate RetGC, and at free Ca2+ concentrations above 500 nM, characteristic of dark-adapted photoreceptors, GCAPs inhibit RetGC. A mutation, Y99C, in human GCAP-1 was recently found to be linked to autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in a British family (Payne, A. M., Downes, S. M., Bessant, D. A. R., Taylor, R., Holder, G. E., Warren, M. J., Bird, A. C., and Bhattachraya, S. S. (1998) Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 273-277). We produced recombinant Y99C GCAP-1 mutant and tested its ability to activate RetGC in vitro at various free Ca2+ concentrations. The Y99C mutation does not decrease the ability of GCAP-1 to activate RetGC. However, RetGC stimulated by the Y99C GCAP-1 remains active even at Ca2+ concentration above 1 microM. Hence, the cyclase becomes constitutively active within the whole physiologically relevant range of free Ca2+ concentrations. We have also found that the Y99C GCAP-1 can activate RetGC even in the presence of Ca2+-loaded nonmutant GCAPs. This is consistent with the fact that cone degeneration was dominant in human patients who carried such mutation (Payne, A. M., Downes, S. M., Bessant, D. A. R. , Taylor, R., Holder, G. E., Warren, M. J., Bird, A. C., and Bhattachraya, S. S. (1998) Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 273-277). A similar mutation, Y104C, in GCAP-2 results in a different phenotype. This mutation apparently does not affect Ca2+ sensitivity of GCAP-2. Instead, the Y104C GCAP-2 stimulates RetGC less efficiently than the wild-type GCAP-2. Our data indicate that cone degeneration associated with the Y99C mutation in GCAP-1 can be a result of constitutive activation of cGMP synthesis.
Neuronal expression of Fig4 is both necessary and sufficient to prevent spongiform neurodegeneration (2012)

FIG4 is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that, in complex with FAB1/PIKFYVE and VAC14, regulates the biosynthesis of the signaling lipid PI(3,5)P(2). Null mutation of Fig4 in the mouse results in spongiform degeneration of brain and peripheral ganglia, defective myelination and juvenile lethality. Partial loss-of-function of human FIG4 results in a severe form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Neurons from null mice contain enlarged vacuoles derived from the endosome/lysosome pathway, and astrocytes accumulate proteins involved in autophagy. Other cellular defects include astrogliosis and microgliosis. To distinguish the contributions of neurons and glia to spongiform degeneration in the Fig4 null mouse, we expressed Fig4 under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter and the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter in transgenic mice. Neuronal expression of Fig4 was sufficient to rescue cellular and neurological phenotypes including spongiform degeneration, gliosis and juvenile lethality. In contrast, expression of Fig4 in astrocytes prevented accumulation of autophagy markers and microgliosis but did not prevent spongiform degeneration or lethality. To confirm the neuronal origin of spongiform degeneration, we generated a floxed allele of Fig4 and crossed it with mice expressing the Cre recombinase from the neuron-specific synapsin promoter. Mice with conditional inactivation of Fig4 in neurons developed spongiform degeneration and the full spectrum of neurological abnormalities. The data demonstrate that expression of Fig4 in neurons is necessary and sufficient to prevent spongiform degeneration. Therapy for patients with FIG4 deficiency will therefore require correction of the deficiency in neurons.
La relance de la décentralisation en France. De la rhétorique managériale aux réalités politiques de « l'acte II » (2005)

Certains auteurs défendent l'idée selon laquelle la pénétration du management public joue un rôle essentiel dans l'élaboration des réformes administratives en France comme dans d'autres pays. Sans chercher à réfuter dans son ensemble cette hypothèse, cet article montre que certaines réformes peuvent être légitimées au nom de valeurs managériales sans que le management public n'influence fortement leur contenu. Le cas de la politique de décentralisation, popularisée sous le nom « d'acte II », illustre cette proposition. Cet article propose quatre arguments qui permettent de douter que « l'acte II », présenté comme une réforme managériale, mérite cette qualification. L'analyse souligne en effet que les réformateurs ont délibérément évité d'affronter les problèmes dont les solutions auraient pu se révéler coûteuses politiquement.
Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis (2019)

Sepsis is a complex of life-threating organ dysfunction in critically ill patients, with a primary infectious cause or through secondary infection of damaged tissues. The systemic consequences of sepsis have been intensively examined and evidences of local alterations and repercussions in the intestinal mucosal compartment is gradually defining gut-associated changes during sepsis. In the present review, we focus on sepsis-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, consisting of an increased permeability of the epithelial lining, which may facilitate bacterial translocation. We discuss disturbances in intestinal vascular tonus and perfusion and coagulopathies with respect to their proposed underlying molecular mechanisms. The consequences of enzymatic responses by pancreatic proteases, intestinal alkaline phosphatases, and several matrix metalloproteases are also described. We conclude our insight with a discussion on novel therapeutic interventions derived from crucial aspects of the gut mucosal dynamics during sepsis.