gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of p53 in Suppression of KSHV Cyclin-induced Lymphomagenesis (2004)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a cyclin D homolog, K cyclin, that is thought to promote viral oncogenesis. However, expression of K cyclin in cultured cells not only triggers cell cycle progression but also engages the p53 tumor suppressor pathway, which probably restricts the oncogenic potential of K cyclin. Therefore, to assess the tumorigenic properties of K cyclin in vivo, we transgenically targeted expression of K cyclin to the B and T lymphocyte compartments via the E micro promoter/enhancer. Around 17% of E micro -K cyclin animals develop lymphoma by 9 months of age, and all such lymphomas exhibit loss of p53. A critical role of p53 in suppressing K cyclin-induced lymphomagenesis was confirmed by the greatly accelerated onset of B and T lymphomagenesis in all E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) mice. However, absence of p53 did not appear to accelerate K cyclin-induced lymphomagenesis by averting apoptosis: E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) end-stage lymphomas contained abundant apoptotic cells, and transgenic E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) lymphocytes in vitro were not measurably protected from DNA damage-induced apoptosis compared with E micro -K cyclin/p53(wt) cells. Notably, whereas aneuploidy was frequently evident in pre-lymphomatous tissues, end-stage E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) tumors showed a near-diploid DNA content with no aberrant centrosome numbers. Nonetheless, such tumor cells did harbor more restricted genomic alterations, such as single-copy chromosome losses or gains or high-level amplifications. Together, our data support a model in which K cyclin-induced genome instability arises early in the pre-tumorigenic lymphocyte population and that loss of p53 licenses subsequent expansion of tumorigenic clones.
Haploinsufficient Bmp4 ocular phenotypes include anterior segment dysgenesis with elevated intraocular pressure (2001)

We demonstrate that heterozygous deficiency of BMP4 results in anterior segment dysgenesis and elevated IOP. The abnormalities are similar to those in human patients with developmental glaucoma. Thus, BMP4 is a strong candidate to contribute to Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly and other developmental conditions associated with human glaucoma. BMP4 also participates in posterior segment development and wild-type levels are usually critical for optic nerve development on the C57BL/6J background. Bmp4+/- mice are useful for studying various components of ocular development, and may allow identification of strain specific modifiers affecting a variety of ocular phenotypes.
Modulation by phenobarbital of lipolytic activity in postheparin plasma and tissues of the rat (1982)

Male rats injected with phenobarbital at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 5 days manifested increased postheparin lipolytic activity of fasting plasma. Inhibition studies with protamine sulphate, 1 M NaCl, and sodium dodecyl sulphate revealed that the activities of both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase were increased in the postheparin plasma of the drug-treated rats. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was also increased in the phenobarbital-treated rats. The triacylglycerol lipase activity elutable by heparin from liver slices and the residual activity of liver microsomes increased significantly in the drug-treated rats. Lipoprotein lipase of cardiac muscle and red skeletal muscle was unaltered by phenobarbital treatment. The increased postheparin lipolytic activity of fasting phenobarbital-treated rats seems to be accountable through increased lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue and increased triacylglycerol lipase activity of liver, both of which may contribute to the lowered fasting concentrations of serum triacylglycerol mediated by the drug, as previously reported.
Lectures critiques du romantisme au XXe siècle (2018)

Le romantisme s’est trouvé au cœur des débats théoriques au long du XXe siècle, où il a été érigé tour à tour en modèle et en contre-modèle. Ce panorama propose une historicisation du regard critique et contribue à préciser le statut et la place des études sur le romantisme au XXe siècle.
Improvement of electrode/organic layer interfaces by insertion of monolayerlike aluminum oxide film (2000)

We studied improvement of the electrode/organic interface in organic electroluminescent diodes which consist of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) and diamine derivative (TPD). An aluminum oxide (Al2O3) monolayer was inserted between TPD and the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. An improvement of emission is observed in a diode with an Al2O3 layer between 0.5 and 1 nm thick inserted in the surface of the anode/organic layer. The mechanism of increase in emission efficiency is discussed. © 2000 Scripta Technica Electr Eng Jpn 132(3): 14–18, 2000
Assessment of lung cell toxicity of various gasoline engine exhausts using a versatile in vitro exposure system (2018)

Adverse effect studies of gasoline exhaust are scarce, even though gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles can emit a high number of particles. The aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro hazard assessment of different GDI exhausts using two different cell culture models mimicking the human airway. In addition to gasoline particle filters (GPF), the effects of two lubrication oils with low and high ash content were assessed, since it is known that oils are important contributors to exhaust emissions. Complete exhausts from two gasoline driven cars (GDI1 and GDI2) were applied for 6 h (acute exposure) to a multi-cellular human lung model (16HBE14o-cell line, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and a primary human airway model (MucilAir™). GDI1 vehicle was driven unfiltered and filtered with an uncoated and a coated GPF. GDI2 vehicle was driven under four settings with different fuels: normal unleaded gasoline, 2% high and low ash oil in gasoline, and 2% high ash oil in gasoline with a GPF. GDI1 unfiltered was also used for a repeated exposure (3 times 6 h) to assess possible adverse effects. After 6 h exposure, no genes or proteins for oxidative stress or pro-inflammation were upregulated compared to the filtered air control in both cell systems, neither in GDI1 with GPFs nor in GDI2 with the different fuels. However, the repeated exposure led to a significant increase in HMOX1 and TNFa gene expression in the multi-cellular model, showing the responsiveness of the system towards gasoline engine exhaust upon prolonged exposure. The reduction of particles by GPFs is significant and no adverse effects were observed in vitro during a short-term exposure. On the other hand, more data comparing different lubrication oils and their possible adverse effects are needed. Future experiments also should, as shown here, focus on repeated exposures.
Data Movement Is All You Need: A Case Study on Optimizing Transformers (2020)

Transformers are one of the most important machine learning workloads today. Training one is a very compute-intensive task, often taking days or weeks, and significant attention has been given to optimizing transformers. Despite this, existing implementations do not efficiently utilize GPUs. We find that data movement is the key bottleneck when training. Due to Amdahl's Law and massive improvements in compute performance, training has now become memory-bound. Further, existing frameworks use suboptimal data layouts. Using these insights, we present a recipe for globally optimizing data movement in transformers. We reduce data movement by up to 22.91% and overall achieve a 1.30x performance improvement over state-of-the-art frameworks when training a BERT encoder layer and 1.19x for the entire BERT. Our approach is applicable more broadly to optimizing deep neural networks, and offers insight into how to tackle emerging performance bottlenecks.
Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Imidazolone N-Oxides with Aryl Bromides and Its Application in the Synthesis of GSK2137305 (2012)

The palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of imidazolone N-oxides with aryl bromides to afford the corresponding 4-aryl imidazolone N-oxides is described. This method has been successfully used for the synthesis of GSK2137305.
Problems of Patient Support: the Air Fluidised Bed as a Solution (1976)

There are many support systems available for patient care. The effectiveness of each one varies con siderably, hence one must carefully consider the type of patient to be supported in selecting the proper system to use. For those patients requiring an extended period of immobilised bed care, special types of sup port are frequently mandatory in order to preclude the development of decubitus ulcers or to satisfy the unique requirements of their treatment. Application of the principle of air fluidisation to patient support is able to fulfil almost every special requirement prescribed by the physician for the care of the patient, in a manner which is not unpleasant. In addition such fluidised bed devices have advantages over other systems of similar design in that, while ‘floating’ the patient, they also ventilate to control moisture and temperature and can be made instantly hard for cardiac resuscitation. Intermittent fluidised beds can also be used for patient body positioning and fixation as well as assisting in the treatment of decubitus ulceration. Both the continuous and intermittent systems are self decontaminating and relatively trouble free in operation. Experience in using fluidised support systems has shown that the effectiveness of their application is directly related to the motivation of the nursing personnel and their degree of appreciation of the concept.
Optical cloaking of plasmonic materials through nanoparticles-based metasurfaces (2016)

In this contribution, we propose the design of optical metasurfaces able to reduce the visibility of plasmonic microstructures at optical frequencies. The proposed devices, consisting of arrays of properly shaped nanoparticles, are designed exploiting a rigorous analytical model and form realistic examples of optical mantle cloaks for non-dielectric objects. The obtained results, confirmed through full-wave simulations, may pave the way to the application of scattering cancellation-based cloaking to optical devices and components.
Avicenna's (Ibn Sina) the Canon of Medicine and Saffron (Crocus sativus): A Review (2012)

In this review, we introduce the traditional uses of saffron and its pharmacological activities as described by either Avicenna in Book II, Canon of Medicine (al-Qanun fi al-tib) or from recent scientific studies. Modern pharmacological findings on saffron are compared with those mentioned in Avicenna's monograph. A computerized search of published articles was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as local references. The search terms used were saffron, Crocus sativus, crocin, crocetin, safranal, picrocrocin, Avicenna and 'Ibn Sina'. Avicenna described various uses of saffron, including its use as an antidepressant, hypnotic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, bronchodilatory, aphrodisiac, inducer of labour, emmenagogue and others. Most of these effects have been studied in modern pharmacology and are well documented. The pharmacological data on saffron and its constituents, including crocin, crocetin and safranal, are similar to those found in Avicenna's monograph. This review indicates that the evaluation of plants based on ethnobotanical information and ancient books may be a valuable approach to finding new biological activities and compounds.
A software tool for automatic image-based ventilation analysis using dynamic chest CT scanning (2001)

s and Programme: European Society of Anaesthesiologists; 9th Annual Meeting with the Swedish Society of Anaesthesiology; Gothenburg, Sweden, 7-10 April 2001: Monitoring Equipment and Computers
Physicochemical Characterization of an Antagonistic Human Interleukin-6 Dimer (1998)

A noncovalently bound dimeric form of recombinant human IL-6 interleukin-6 (IL-6D) was shown to be an antagonist for IL-6 activity, in a STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation assay using HepG2 cells, under conditions where it does not dissociate into monomeric IL-6 (IL-6M). The fluorescence from Trp157, the single tryptophan residue in the primary sequence of IL-6, is altered in IL-6D, where the wavelength maximum is blue-shifted by 3 nm and the emission intensity is reduced by 30%. These data suggest that Trp157 is close to, but not buried by, the dimer interface. Both IL-6D and IL-6M are compact molecules, as determined by sedimentation velocity analysis, and contain essentially identical levels of secondary and tertiary structure, as determined by far- and near-UV CD, respectively. IL-6D and IL-6M show the same susceptibility to limited proteolytic attack, and exhibit identical far-UV CD-monitored urea-denaturation profiles with the midpoint of denaturation occurring at 6.0 +/- 0.1 M urea. However, IL-6D was found to dissociate prior to the complete unfolding of the protein, with a midpoint of dissociation of 3 M urea, suggesting that dissociation and dimerization occur when the protein is in a partially unfolded state. Based on these results, we suggest that IL-6D is a metastable domain-swapped dimer, comprising two monomeric units where identical helices from each protein chain are swapped through the loop regions at the "top" of the protein (i.e., the region of the protein most distal from the N- and C-termini). Such an arrangement would account for the antagonistic activity of IL-6D. In this model, receptor binding site I, which comprises residues in the A/B loop and the C-terminus of the protein, is free to bind the IL-6 receptor. However, site III, which includes Trp157 and residues in the C/D loop and N-terminal end of helix D, and perhaps site II, which comprises residues in the A and C helices, are no longer able to bind the signal transducing component of the IL-6 receptor complex, gp130.
PATH-15. OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BRAIN TUMORS BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (2017)

Raman spectroscopy (RS)reveals the molecular composition of tissues and proved to be suitable for intraoperative in situ diagnosis of glioma, including IDH1 genotype. We aimed to investigate fresh tissue biopsies to approximate the the potential and limitations of intraoperative Raman spectroscopy. 208 biopsies were obtained during brain tumor surgery and without any further processing analyzed by RS. Samples from epilepsy surgery served as nontumor control tissues. Spectra were obtained with a RamanRxn1T (Kaiser Optical Systems Inc) coupled to a microscope at five positions of each sample. Data analysis was performed using MATLAB and statistical analysis using Fisher’s coefficient. RS of 51 meningioma, 53 primary GBM, 19 recurrent GBM, 11 astrocytoma, 8 oligodendroglioma, 6 oligoastrocytoma, 8 neurinoma, 24 metastases, and 16 other tumors were acquired. Furthermore, three samples of necrotic tissue and nine nontumor human brain tissue were analyzed. Raman bands related to hemoglobin (754 cm-1 and 1540-1570 cm-1) reliably detected contamination with blood. Moreover, an band at 959 cm-1 indicated PO4-groups of calcium hydroxyapatite. All tumor types showed a significant reduction in the spectral range 1050-1150 cm-1 compared to non-tumor brain tissue according to the Fisher’s coefficient. In GBM, bands related to lipids (1297, 2850, 3011 cm-1) were strongly reduced, teh protein band at 1660 cm-1 was increased. Neurinoma exhibited additional peaks at 1158 and 1521 cm-1 which are assigned to carotinoids. Cholesterol at 700 cm-1 was largely missing in brain metastases, whereas collagen related signals were increased. Raman spectra of meningioma were characterized by higher intensities of bands assigned to (phospho)lipids and DNA compared to dura. The RS of fresh biopsies measured wthin the OR were in accordance to previous data from tissue sections. Perspectively, this provides a concept for in situ tissue classification to assist neuropathologists and neurosurgeons for intraoperative - integrated diagnosis.
Multimedia Service Discrimination Based on Fair Resource Allocation Using Bargaining Solutions (2012)

We deal with a resource allocation problem for multimedia service discrimination in wireless networks. We assume that a service provider allocates network resources to users who can choose and access one of the discriminated services. To express the rational service selection of users, the utility function of users is devised to reflect both service quality and cost. Regarding the utility function of a service provider, total profit and efficiency of resource usage have been considered. The proposed service discrimination framework is composed of two game models. An outer model is a repeated Stackelberg game between a service provider and a user group, while an inner model is a service selection game among users, which is solved by adopting the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution. Through simulation experiments, we compare the proposed framework with existing resource allocation methods according to user cost sensitivity. The proposed framework performed better than existing frameworks in terms of total profit and fairness.
Purification and amino acid composition of peptide antibiotic AS-48 produced by Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis subsp. liquefaciens S-48 (1989)

Peptide antibiotic AS-48 was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The purified fraction was active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. AS-48 is a basic protein with an isoelectric point of ca. 10.5 and a molecular mass of 7.4 kilodaltons. Its inhibitory activity was markedly affected by sodium dodecyl sulfate and cardiolipin but not by neuraminidase, pectinase, beta-glucosidase, or beta-glucuronidase. Differential scanning calorimetry data suggested that AS-48 molecules lack a compact structure.
Effects of laxative and N-acetylcysteine on mucus accumulation, bacterial load, transit, and inflammation in the cystic fibrosis mouse small intestine (2007)

The accumulation of mucus in affected organs is characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF). The CF mouse small intestine has dramatic mucus accumulation and exhibits slower interdigestive intestinal transit. These factors are proposed to play cooperative roles that foster small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and contribute to the innate immune response of the CF intestine. It was hypothesized that decreasing the mucus accumulation would reduce SIBO and might improve other aspects of the CF intestinal phenotype. To test this, solid chow-fed CF mice were treated with an osmotic laxative to improve gut hydration or liquid-fed mice were treated orally with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to break mucin disulfide bonds. Treatment with laxative or NAC reduced mucus accumulation by 43% and 50%, respectively, as measured histologically as dilation of the intestinal crypts. Laxative and NAC also reduced bacterial overgrowth in the CF intestine by 92% and 63%, respectively. Treatment with laxative normalized small intestinal transit in CF mice, whereas NAC did not. The expression of innate immune response-related genes was significantly reduced in laxative-treated CF mice, whereas there was no significant effect in NAC-treated CF mice. In summary, laxative and NAC treatments of CF mice reduced mucus accumulation to a similar extent, but laxative was more effective than NAC at reducing bacterial load. Eradication of bacterial overgrowth by laxative treatment was associated with normalized intestinal transit and a reduction in the innate immune response. These results suggest that both mucus accumulation and slowed interdigestive small intestinal transit contribute to SIBO in the CF intestine.
Subthalamic infusion of an NMDA antagonist prevents basal ganglia metabolic changes and nigral degeneration in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease (2001)

Using permanent cannulas connected to subcutaneous pumps, we infused selective glutamate antagonists into the subthalamic nucleus of rats. Pumps were implanted immediately after the intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine and delivered micro-quantities of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801 or the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole antagonist NBQX for 4 weeks. Subthalamic infusion of MK-801, but not of NBQX, prevented the basal ganglia metabolic changes and motor abnormalities caused by nigrostriatal lesion. Animals treated with MK-801 also exhibited marked reduction of nigral cell loss. We conclude that pharmacological modulation of subthalamic activity may have both symptomatic and neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2001;49:525–529
A study of GOES SXI entrance filter designs and the potential for on-orbit degradation (2008)

The Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) was launched 24 May 2006 on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-13). SXI is a grazing incidence X-ray telescope that focuses an image of the Sun onto a CCD detector through a set of selectable filters. The X-ray image data are transmitted at the rate of at least one image per minute, which permits the reconstruction of near-real-time solar images in the 6-60&angst; range (photon energy 2000-200 eV). Thin film filters consisting of aluminum, titanium, and polyimide are used in the entrance of the telescope to eliminate visible light. During the first six months of on-orbit operations the amount of stray light transmitted increased approximately linearly with time, consistent with the formation of small (less than 50 micron) pinholes. A laboratory investigation was initiated and witness sample filters were subjected to energetic particles simulating the on-orbit radiation environment and their quality was assessed using visible light-leak testing and scanning electron microscope imaging. It was concluded that galvanic corrosion of aluminum and titanium initiates pinholes that subsequently grow in dendritic fashion by spalling off of aluminum to relieve the internal film stress. The test program also revealed that the geostationary radiation dose level can damage polyimide and lead to filter failure. Radiation damage may have been responsible in part for the increased light levels observed in the GOES-12 SXI and with increased exposure a similar observation could manifest on GOES-13 SXI. This paper presents the methodology and results for the entrance filter test program for the GOES SXI telescopes and presents recommended improvements for future instruments.
Understanding Multimodal Emotional Expressions (2017)

In this chapter we review recent advances in basic emotion theory, which holds that humans have evolved a limited set of emotional expressions that serve important communicative functions within social interactions. Our review highlights recent evidence showing that a much wider array of emotions than previously thought—up to 15—have distinct displays that are recognized across different cultures. The new science of expression reveals that new modalities—tactile communication and vocalization—likewise signal a variety of emotions. Our review also brings into focus how emotions may be signaled in specific modalities, and likely sources of cultural accents in emotional expression.