gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From wetlands to wetlandscapes: Remote sensing calibration of process‐based hydrological models in heterogeneous landscapes (2022)

Abstract Wetlands are vital components of landscapes that sustain a range of important ecosystem services. Understanding how wetland‐rich landscapes—or wetlandscapes—will evolve under a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic encroachment is urgent. Wetlandscapes are highly heterogeneous, and scaling local modelling insights from individual instrumented wetlands to characterize landscape‐scale dynamics has been a pervasive challenge. We investigate the potential to use water extent information from satellite imagery to calibrate landscape‐scale process‐based hydrological models. Applications to wetlandscapes in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in North Dakota and the Texas Playa Lakes (TPL) shed light on two important trade‐offs. First, in‐situ monitoring provides accurate water extent information on an arbitrary subset of wetlands, whereas satellite imagery captures landscape‐scale hydrological dynamics but suffers persistent water‐detection challenges. Satellite imagery is a superior source of data for model calibration in sparsely monitored and spatially heterogeneous landscapes like the PPR, where the sampling uncertainty of monitored wetlands exceeds the water detection uncertainty of remote sensing. The two data sources are equivalent for more homogeneous landscapes like the TPL. The second tradeoff concerns the spatial resolution and temporal coverage of satellite imagery. In that regard, the 20 years of bi‐weekly images captured by Landsat 7 provides unprecedented insights into the dynamic nature of the ecohydrological characteristics of wetlandscapes, such as seasonal and inter‐annual changes of their metapopulation capacity. In the PPR, the amplitude of these dynamics far exceeds the bias introduced by Landsat's inability to capture ecologically important connectivity details due to its coarse spatial resolution compared to more recent imagery.
Evaluation of SMP Shared Memory Machines for Use with In-Memory and OpenMP Big Data Applications (2016)

While distributed memory systems have shaped the field of distributed systems for decades, the demand for many-core shared memory resources is increasing. Symmetric Multiprocessor Systems (SMPs) have become increasingly important recently among a wide array of disciplines, rangingfrom Bioinformatics to astrophysics, and beyond. With the increase in big data computing, the size and scope of traditional commodity server systems is often outpaced. While some big data applications can be mapped to distributed memory systems found through many cluster and cloud technologies today, this effort represents a large barrier of entry that some projects cannot cross. Shared memory SMP systems look to effectively and efficiently fill this niche within distributed systems by providing high throughput and performance with minimized development effort, as the computing environment often represents what many researchers are already familiar with. In this paper, we look at the use of two common shared memory systems, the ScaleMP vSMP virtualized SMP deployment at Indiana University, and the SGI UV architecture deployed at University of Arizona. While both systems are notably different in their design, their potential impact on computing is remarkably similar. As such, we look to compare each system first under a set of OpenMP threaded benchmarks via the SPEC group, and to follow up with our experience using each machine for Trinity de-novo assembly. We find both SMP systems are well suited to support various big data applications, with the newer vSMP deployment often slightly faster, however, certain caveats and performance considerations are necessary when considering such SMP systems.
Glutathione Preservation during Winemaking with Vitis Vinifera White Varieties: Example of Sauvignon blanc Grapes (2015)

Glutathione (GSH) is a natural tripeptide present in grapes and wines. Its antioxidant properties are particularly useful during winemaking with white varieties like Sauvignon blanc. We examined two winemaking techniques, skin contact and pressing under nitrogen, for their effect on the GSH concentration in the must and wine. GSH was originally reported in the skin (64%), but later investigations on berries showed that juice (51%) and skin (40%) were far greater reduced GSH reservoirs than pulp and seeds. Therefore, we studied the impact of skin contact and pressing on GSH concentrations in must. Climate effects greatly influenced GSH concentrations in mature grapes. Depending on grape quality, GSH increased during skin contact from 2 to 55% and its release occurred in the first hours of maceration. During pressing under nitrogen, must GSH concentrations increased, reaching 80 to 90 mg/L when low pressure was applied (&lt;1 bar). After two months in barrels, these wines still contained more GSH. We demonstrated that if winemakers wish to produce wines with high GSH concentrations, skin contact and pressing under nitrogen are good techniques.
Global Surgery: Effective Involvement of US Academic Surgery (2018)

: There is an unacceptably high burden of death and disability from conditions that are treatable by surgery, worldwide and especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The major actions to improve this situation need to be taken by the surgical communities, institutions, and governments of the LMICs. The US surgical community, including the US academic surgical community, has, however, important roles to play in addressing this problem. The American Surgical Association convened a Working Group to address how US academic surgery can most effectively decrease the burden from surgically treatable conditions in LMICs. The Working Group believes that the task will be most successful (1) if the epidemiologic pattern in a given country is taken into account by focusing on those surgically treatable conditions with the highest burdens; (2) if emphasis is placed on those surgical services that are most cost-effective and most feasible to scale up; and (3) if efforts are harmonized with local priorities and with existing global initiatives, such as the World Health Assembly with its 2015 resolution on essential surgery. This consensus statement gives recommendations on how to achieve those goals through the tools of academic surgery: clinical care, training and capacity building, research, and advocacy. Through all of these, the ethical principles of maximally and transparently engaging with and deferring to the interests and needs of local surgeons and their patients are of paramount importance. Notable benefits accrue to US surgeons, trainees, and institutions that engage in global surgical activities.
A Conjugation Symmetry in Linear Electromagnetism, in Extension of Materials with Negative Real Permittivity and Permeability Scalars (2003)

If all space is occupied by a linear bianisotropic material--whether homogeneous or not--then the concurrent replacements of the permittivity and the impermeability tensors by the negatives of their respective complex conjugates and of the magnetoelectric tensors by their respective complex conjugates (in the Boys-Post representation) imply the conjugation of both E and H, in the absence of externally impressed sources. This conjugation symmetry in linear electromagnetism has observable consequences when the linear bianisotropic material occupies a bounded region.
Photoinitiators for Polymer Synthesis. Scope, Reactivity, and Efficiency. Von Jean‐Pierre Fouassier und Jacques Lalavée. (2013)

Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012. 476 S., geb., 149.00 €.—ISBN 978-3527332106
Modulation of protein kinase C by endogenous sphingosine: inhibition of phorbol dibutyrate binding in Niemann–Pick C fibroblasts (1997)

The abnormal and variable increase in levels of free sphingoid bases recently described in fibroblasts from Niemann-Pick C patients allowed us to investigate the modulation of protein kinase C in vivo by endogenous sphingosine. The specific binding of [20-3H]phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate to the regulatory domain of membrane-bound protein kinase C was significantly decreased in fibroblasts from patients compared with controls. A pronounced difference between the two groups (P<0.0001) was demonstrated in low-density lipoprotein-supplemented medium, i.e. under conditions known to disclose abnormal mobilization of unesterified cholesterol in Niemann-Pick C fibroblasts. Furthermore the degree of impairment of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding was highly correlated (r=0.95) with the sphingosine levels measured in fibroblasts from those patients. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated that Niemann-Pick C and control fibroblasts contained almost the same number of binding sites per cell. A 8-34-fold increase in Kd was measured in Niemann-Pick C fibroblasts with at least a 5-fold increase in sphingosine levels. Removal, by cell fractionation, of membrane-bound protein kinase C from the bulk of sphingosine induced a normalization of Kd values. The overall results suggest that protein kinase C inhibition is directly related to sphingosine accumulation.
Mechanisms and implications of hypoalbuminemia in head-injured patients (1988)

Severely head-injured patients are hypermetabolic/hypercatabolic and exhibit many aspects of the postinjury acute-phase response. These patients have hypoalbuminemia, hypozincemia, hypoferremia, hypercupria, fever, and increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins such as ceruloplasmin and higher C-reactive protein levels. It has been suggested that increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the ventricular fluid may be responsible, at least in part, for these metabolic abnormalities. In the present study, serum albumin levels were evaluated throughout an 18-day study period in 62 head-injured patients receiving aggressive nutritional support. Hypoalbuminemia (mean +/- standard error of the mean 3.10 +/- 0.2 gm/dl; normal value 3.5 to 5 gm/dl) was observed upon hospital admission; these albumin levels continued to decrease until 2 weeks postinjury, despite aggressive nutritional support. This hypoalbuminemia may be mediated via altered endothelial permeability properties due to endothelial cell dysfunction caused by cytokines such as IL-1. Transendothelial movement of albumin was assayed using a pulmonary artery endothelial cell culture system. Both a crude macrophage supernatant derived from a murine P388D cell line having IL-1 activity (mIL-1) and human recombinant IL-1 (rIL-1) were tested. The amount of albumin transferred was time- and concentration-dependent, with maximal transfer at 24 hours and 20 U of mIL-1 per 0.5 ml of culture medium. Endothelial permeability changes observed after incubation with mIL-1 were confirmed using rIL-1. Compared to control cultures, 20 U of rIL-1 and 20 U of mIL-1 increased albumin transfer across endothelial monolayers 205% and 459%, respectively. These findings suggest that the mechanism of hypoalbuminemia seen after severe head trauma can be explained in part by IL-1-induced endothelial cell injury, resulting in enhanced endothelial permeability to albumin.
An increase of interleukin-33 serum levels after coronary stent implantation is associated with coronary in-stent restenosis (2014)

The study aim was to determine the predictive value of interleukin (IL)-33, a recently described member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, for the development of in-stent restenosis (ISR). IL-33 serum levels were measured in 387 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of whom 193 had stable angina, 93 non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and 101 ST-elevation MI (STEMI), respectively. Blood was taken directly before and 24h after stent implantation. The presence of ISR was initially evaluated by clinical means after six to eight months. When presence of myocardial ischemia was suspected, coronary angiography was performed to confirm the suspected diagnosis of ISR. Clinical ISR was present in total in 34 patients (8.8%). IL-33 was detectable in 185 patients and was below detection limit in 202 patients. In patients with decreased IL-33 (n=95), unchanged or non-detectable levels (n=210) or increased levels of IL-33 after PCI (n=82), ISR-rate was 2.1%, 9.5% and 14.6%, respectively (p<0.05). Accordingly, patients with ISR showed a significant increase of IL-33 upon PCI (p<0.05). This association was independent from clinical presentation and risk factors as well as numbers and type of stents. In patients with both stable and unstable coronary artery disease, an increase of IL-33 serum levels after stent implantation is associated with a higher rate of in-stent restenosis.
Erythropoietin receptor mediates erythropoietin-induced proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells ZENG (2009)

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in culture and its probable molecular mechanism. Methods The aspirates of the bone marrow from healthy volunteers were seeded in culture medium. Then MSCs were isolated by its character adhering to the plastic. After three passages in culture, MSCs were identified by morphological features, cell surface antigens and differentiation into multi-lineages. Then P3-MSCs were treated with different concentrations of rhEPO (0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 50 U/ml). And proliferation of MSCs was measured by MTT assay. Subsequently, EPO receptor (EPOR) was blocked and MTT was performed for another time. What's more, immuofluresence cytochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EPOR. And the proteins of signal pathway were examined by Western blot. Results The P3 bone morrow-derived adherent cells were positive for CD90 and CD105, while negative for CD34 and CD45, and could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes in induction media. MTT assays showed that the absorbance (A value) in EPO-treated groups was significantly higher than in control group, and 10 U/ml EPO-treated group achieved the most predominant effects. However, the A value was reduced dramatically when the specific anti-EPOR antibody (anti-EPOR Ab) was added with rhEPO. Compared with the control group, all those differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). In addition, P3-MSCs were positive for EPOR. And the expression of EPOR, phospho-Janus kinase2 (pJAK2) and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT-5) was significantly higher in 10 U/ml EPO-treated group than in the control group. Conclusion Erythropoietin can promote proliferation of human bone marrow MSCs in vitro, which is mediated by EOPOR, and related with JAK2-STAT-5 signal pathway. 

Key words: 
Erythropoietin, recombinant;  Bone marrow;  Mesenchymal stem cells;  Cell proliferation
Semantically Grounded Visual Embeddings for Zero-Shot Learning (2022)

Zero-shot learning methods rely on fixed visual and semantic embeddings, extracted from independent vision and language models, both pre-trained for other large-scale tasks. This is a weakness of current zero-shot learning frameworks as such disjoint embeddings fail to adequately associate visual and textual information to their shared semantic content. Therefore, we propose to learn semantically grounded and enriched visual information by computing a joint image and text model with a two-stream network on a proxy task. To improve this alignment between image and textual representations, provided by attributes, we leverage ancillary captions to provide grounded semantic information. Our method, dubbed joint embeddings for zero-shot learning is evaluated on several benchmark datasets, improving the performance of existing state-of-the-art methods in both standard (+1.6% on aPY, +2.6% on FLO) and generalized (+2.1% on AWA2, +2.2% on CUB) zero-shot recognition.
Macular Hole Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Diagnosed by Retinal Thickness Analyzer (2003)

Abstract. The Retinal Thickness Analyzer is a laser slit biomicroscopy imaging device that produces accurate measurements of retinal thickness and displays the images in a two-dimensional pattern, superimposed on a fundus image. This article reports a patient with decreased vision following branch retinal vein occlusion in whom the Retinal Thickness Analyzer was used to establish the diagnosis of a macular lamellar hole that was not apparent clinically. [Ophthalmic Suig Lasers Imaging 2003;34: 53-56]
Continuous anaerobic digestion of food waste and design of digester with lipid removal (2013)

Separation of municipal solid waste has been implemented in many cities in China. As a major component of municipal solid waste, food waste can be treated by anaerobic digestion (AD) for energy production. To provide reference data for disposing of food waste through engineering applications, continuous AD was carried out under various organic loading rates (OLRs) at 27 +/- 2 degrees C in the laboratory. The anaerobic reactor was stable with pH 7.0-7.1, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations of 206-746 mg/L, and NH4+ -N concentrations of 525-1293 mg/L when the OLR was 1.118-5.588 kg volatile solids (VS)/m(3) x d. The maximum volumetric biogas production rate was 4.41 L/L x d when the OLR was increased to 5.588 kg VS/m(3) x d with a hydraulic retention time of 30 d. When the OLR was increased to 6.706 and 8.382 kg VS/m(3) x d, biogas production was seriously inhibited by VFAs, with maximum total VFA and propionate concentrations of 8738 mg/L and 2864 mg/L, respectively. Due to the incomplete degradation of lipids, the specific methane production rate of 353-488 L/kg VS accounted for 55.2-76.3% of the theoretical methane potential calculated based on the component composition. A retrofitted anaerobic digester with lipid removal was designed to improve the efficiency.
High efficiency ZnS:Mn ac thin film electroluminescent device structure (1993)

A method for improving the luminous efficiency of a ZnS:Mn ac thin film electroluminescent device by modifying the structure to include thin, 100 Å, barrier layers of a Y2O3 is presented, with experimental comparisons of devices showing a fourfold increase in efficiency. The results are discussed in terms of electron tunneling and field redistribution as the mechanisms responsible for the enhancement of efficiency.
Identification of the Enteropathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Based on the cadF Virulence Gene and Its Product (1999)

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are common causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Infection with C. jejuni or C. coli is commonly acquired by eating undercooked chicken. The goal of this study was to develop specific detection assays for C. jejuni and C. coli isolates based on the cadF virulence gene and its product. The cadF gene from C. jejuni and C. coli encodes a 37-kDa outer membrane protein that promotes the binding of these pathogens to intestinal epithelial cells. A fragment of approximately 400 bp was amplified from 38 of 40 (95%) C. jejuni isolates and 5 of 6 (83.3%) C. coli isolates with primers designed to amplify an internal fragment of the cadF gene. PCR was then used to amplify Campylobacter DNA from store-bought chickens. A 400-bp band was amplified from 26 of the 27 chicken carcasses tested by the PCR-based assay. The CadF protein was detected in every C. jejuni and C. coli isolate tested, as judged by immunoblot analysis with a rabbit anti-C. jejuni 37-kDa serum. In addition, methanol-fixed samples of whole-cell C. jejuni and C. coli were detected with the rabbit anti-37-kDa serum by using an indirect-immunofluorescence microscopy assay. These findings indicate that the cadF gene and its product are conserved among C. jejuni and C. coli isolates and that a PCR assay based on the cadF gene may be useful for the detection of Campylobacter organisms in food products.
Adaptive Coordinated Control of Multi-Fingered Robot Hand (2009)

This paper presents an adaptive control for a multi-fingered robot hand with rolling contact to a grasped rigid object, and demonstrates experimental results. In the proposed controller, the dynamic parameters of both the object and multi-fingered robot hand are estimated adaptively. The joint reference velocity consists of filtered contact force error, integral contact force error, and object reference velocity. The asymptotic convergence of object motion and contact force was proven by the Lyapunov-like Lemma. The controller performance is shown in experiments implemented on Gifu Hand III.
The Effect of Clause Wrap-Up on Eye Movements during Reading (2000)

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements in reading was examined. Readers read passages in which a target category noun referred to either a high typical or a low typical antecedent. In addition, the category noun was either clause final or non-clause final. There were four primary results: (1) Readers looked longer at a category noun when its antecedent was a low typical member of the category than when it was a high typical member; (2) readers looked longer at the category noun and at the post-category region when they were clause final than when they were not clause final; (3) readers regressed from a category noun or post-category region more frequently when it was clause final than when it was not clause final; and (4) readers made longer initial saccades when their eyes left the category noun or post-category region when this word was in clause final position than when it was not clause final. The last result suggests that sometimes higher order processes that are related to making a decision about when to move the eyes impinge on lower level decisions that are typically associated with deciding where to move the eyes.
Procedure of endoscopic hemostasis using a distal attachment and short clips against upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2003)

上部消化管出血に対して先端突出長4mmの軟性先端アタッチメントを内視鏡検査開始時より装着し，ショートクリップを用いたクリップ止血術を検討した。上部消化管出血が疑われた66例80病変を対象とし，本法による止血術を29例36病変に施行した。全例通常観察に支障はなく，先端アタッチメントにより接線方向の病変でも止血処置が容易となった。また，ショートクリップを使用し，露出血管を確実に把持できた。本法による止血術施行例のうち，一時止血は34病変（94.4％），永久止血は33病変（91.7％）にえられた。止血できなかった3例は重篤な基礎疾患を持った症例（肝癌末期），および十二指腸病変（十二指腸上十二指腸曲付近，Vater乳頭部付近）よりの出血症例であった。本法によるクリップ止血術は観察および止血処置に有用であった。
A matrix approach to guide IHC‐based tissue biomarker development in oncology drug discovery (2013)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a core platform for the analysis of tissue samples, and there is an increasing demand for reliable and quantitative IHC-based tissue biomarkers in oncology clinical research and development (R&D) environments. Biomarker assay and drug development proceed in parallel. Furthermore, biomarker assay requirements change with each phase of drug development. We have therefore developed a matrix tool to enable researchers to evaluate whether a particular IHC biomarker assay is fit for purpose. Experience gained from the development of 130 IHC biomarkers, supporting a large number of oncology drug projects, was used to formulate a practical approach to IHC assay development. The resultant matrix grid and accompanying work flow incorporates 16 core decision points that link antibody and assay specificity and sensitivity, and assay performance in preclinical and clinical samples, with stages of drug development. The matrix provides a means to ensure that relevant information on an IHC assay in development is recorded and communicated consistently and that minimum assay validation requirements are met.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 1H‐2‐Benzoselenopyrans. Generation of Benzoselenophenes, Benzaldehydes, and Benzophenones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.