gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of aliphatic‐aromatic poly(ether amide)s (1997)

Abstract Four aromatic diamines containing aliphatic spacers and Meta and para oriented oxyphenylene rings, and their corresponding hydrochlorides, were combined with isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) to give high molecular weight polyamides by interfacial and low‐temperature solution methods. The synthesis and characterization of monomers and polymers are reported, and the differences observed in polycondensation yields, molecular weights and molecular weight distributions, as a function of the method of synthesis, are discussed. Values of number‐average molecular weight ( M̄ n ) up to 8 × 10 4 g/mol and weight‐average molecular weight ( M̄ w ) up to 1 × 10 5 g/mol could be measured by gel permeation chromatography using aromatic polyamide standards, and values of M̄ n up to 2 × 10 5 g/mol and M̄ w up to 3.6 × 10 5 g/mol by using polystyrene standards.
Deletions and Loss of Expression of P16INK4a and P21Waf1 Genes Are Associated With Aggressive Variants of Mantle Cell Lymphomas (1997)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is molecularly characterized by bcl-1 rearrangement and cyclin D1 gene overexpression. Some aggressive variants of MCL have been described with blastic or large cell morphology, higher proliferative activity, and shorter survival. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21Waf1 and p16INK4a have been suggested as candidates for tumor-suppressor genes. To determine the role of p21Waf1 and p16INK4a gene alterations in MCLs, we examined the expression, deletions, and mutations of these genes in a series of 24 MCLs, 18 typical, and 6 aggressive variants. Loss of expression and/or deletions of p21Waf1 and p16INK4a genes were detected in 4 (67%) aggressive MCLs but in none of the typical variants. Two aggressive MCLs showed a loss of p16INK4a expression. These cases showed homozygous deletions of p16INK4a gene by Southern blot analysis. An additional aggressive MCL in which expression could not be examined showed a hemizygous 9p12 deletion. Loss of p21Waf1 expression at both protein and mRNA levels was detected in an additional aggressive MCL. No p21Waf1 gene deletions or mutations were found in this case. The p21Waf1 expression in MCLs was independent of p53 mutations. The two cases with p53 mutations showed p21Waf1 and p16INK4a expression whereas the 4 aggressive MCLs with p16INK4a and p21Waf1 gene alterations had a wild-type p53. p21Waf1 and p16INK4a were expressed at mRNA and protein levels in all typical MCLs examined. No gene deletions or point mutations were found in typical variants. Two typical MCLs showed an anomalous single-stranded conformation polymorphism corresponding to the known polymorphisms at codon 148 of p16INK4a gene and codon 31 of p21Waf1 gene. These findings indicate that p21Waf1 and p16INK4a alterations are rare in typical MCLs but the loss of p21Waf1 and p16INK4a expression, and deletions of p16INK4a gene are associated with aggressive variants of MCLs, and they occur in a subset of tumors with a wild-type p53 gene.
The AH-receptor: genetics, structure and function (1993)

The AH-receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a number of biological responses to planar aromatic hydrocarbons. Interest in this receptor is related to its role in the toxic action of a variety of environmental chemicals, the simplicity and elegance of the murine genetics that led to its characterization and the distinctive mechanism by which this receptor activates gene expression. Recent cloning experiments have demonstrated that the AH-receptor is structurally related to the Per, ARNT and Sim proteins. Members of this newly described gene family are characterized by two N-terminal domains, the most characteristic of which is a motif referred to as a PAS domain. In the AH-receptor, this domain harbours sequences involved in the formation of a hydrophobic pocket that bind receptor agonists. Adjacent to the PAS domain in the AH-receptor, ARNT and Sim proteins is a basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain that appears to mediate heterodimerization and sequence specific DNA binding properties. The observation that the bHLH domain is present in the AH-receptor and the ARNT protein, a factor required for proper AH-receptor function, suggests that these proteins are heterodimeric partners that activate gene expression in a manner similar to Myc/Max and MyoD/E2A. The objectives of this review are to describe recent experimental results in this field and to use this information to develop a molecular model of AH-receptor mediated signal transduction.
Does Spinal Fusion and Scoliosis Correction Improve Activity and Participation for Children With GMFCS level 4 and 5 Cerebral Palsy? (2015)

Spinal fusion is used to treat scoliosis in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Following intervention, the WHO considers activity and participation should be assessed to guide intervention and assess the effects. This study assesses whether spinal fusion for scoliosis improves activity and participation for children with severe CP.Retrospective cohort study of 70 children (39M:31F) with GMFCS level 4/5 CP and significant scoliosis. Thirty-six underwent observational and/or brace treatment as the sole treatment for their scoliosis, and 34 underwent surgery. Children in the operative group were older and had worse scoliosis than those in the observational group. Questionnaire and radiographic data were recorded over a 2-year period. The ASKp was used to measure activity and participation.In the observational group, Cobb angle and pelvic obliquity increased from 51 (40-90) and 10 (0-30) to 70 (43-111) and 14 (0-37). Mean ASKp decreased from 16.3 (1-38) to 14.2 (1-36). In the operative group, Cobb angle and pelvic obliquity decreased from 81 (50-131) and 14 (1-35) to 38 (10-76) and 9 (0-24). Mean ASKp increased from 10.5 (0-29) to 15.9 (3-38). Spinal-related pain correlated most with change in activity and participation in both groups. There was no difference in mobility, GMFCS level, feeding or communication in either group before and after treatment.In children with significant scoliosis and CP classified within GMFCS levels 4 and 5, spinal fusion was associated with an improvement in activity and participation, whereas nonoperative treatment was associated with a small reduction. Pain should be carefully assessed to guide intervention.
TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE interaction assay for uHTS (2023)

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, has claimed millions of lives over the past 2 years. This demands rapid development of effective therapeutic agents that target various phases of the viral replication cycle. The interaction between host transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and viral SPIKE protein is an important initial step in SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering an opportunity for therapeutic development of viral entry inhibitors. Here, we report the development of a time-resolved fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for monitoring the TMPRSS2-SPIKE interaction in lysate from cells co-expressing these proteins. The assay was configured in a 384-well-plate format for high-throughput screening with robust assay performance. To enable large-scale compound screening, we further miniaturized the assay into 1536-well ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) format. A pilot screen demonstrated the utilization of the assay for uHTS. Our optimized TR-FRET uHTS assay provides an enabling platform for expanded screening campaigns to discover new classes of small-molecule inhibitors that target the SPIKE and TMPRSS2 protein-protein interaction.
DNA Sequencing Analysis of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Gene Identifies Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Variants in the Severe Asthma Research Program. (2022)

Background: Heterozygote carriers of potentially pathogenic variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene have increased asthma risk. However, the frequency and impact of CFTR variation among individuals with asthma is unknown. Objective: To determine whether potentially pathogenic CFTR variants associate with disease severity and whether individuals with two potentially pathogenic variants exist in a severe asthma-enriched cohort . Methods : We analyzed sequencing data spanning a 190.5Kb region of CFTR in participants from the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP1-3). Potentially pathogenic, rare CFTR variants (frequency&lt;0.05) were classified as CF-causing or of varying clinical consequences (VVCC) (CFTR2.org). Regression-based models tested for association between CFTR genotypes (0-2 potentially pathogenic variants) and severity outcomes. Results: Of 1401 participants, 9.5% (134) had one potentially pathogenic variant, occurring more frequently in non-Hispanic white (NHW, 10.1% [84 of 831]) compared to African American individuals (AA, 5.2% [22 of 426]). We found ≥2 potentially pathogenic CFTR variants in 1.4% (19); 0.5% (4) of NHW and 2.8% (12) of AA. Potentially pathogenic CFTR variant genotypes (≥1 or ≥2 variants) were not cumulatively associated with lung function or exacerbations. In NHW, we found three F508del compound heterozygotes with F508del and a VVCC (two 5T;TG12[c.1210-11T&gt;G] and one Arg1070Trp) and a homozygote for the VVCC, 5T;TG12. Conclusions: We found potentially pathogenic CFTR variants within a severe asthma-enriched cohort , including three compound heterozygote genotypes variably associated with CF in NHW individuals. These findings provide the rationale for CFTR sequencing and phenotyping of CF-related traits in individuals with severe asthma.
[Occurrence of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in domestic animals]. (2004)

Among the verocytotoxin producing E. coli strains (VTEC) the enterohemorrhagic group (EHEC) have emerged as important source of serious disease in human, e.g. the haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). VTEC strains possess different virulence profiles where by virulence traits can be provided by the chromosome, by plasmids and, in the case of verocytotoxins (except: VT2e) by bacteriophages. The original and main reservoir are ruminants. In Germany, VTEC strains were isolated in ruminant stocks regularly. In part, the prevalence was estimated up to 100%. However, strains of important EHEC serovar groups, e.g. O157, O26, O111, O103 and O145 as main source of human infections are isolated rarly. This is even the case for food originated from those animals. The hygienic management to avoid fecal contamination of carcasses during the slaughter process is of crucial importance. Future preventive strategies in the field of primary production may be the development of vaccination programs and/or the feeding management to reduce the shedding of acid resistant VTEC. Slowly recognized environmental sources of infection and contamination are biotic (e.g. flys, rodents) and abiotic factors (e.g. pasture, water, feed). In an own study that investigated the prevalence of VTEC positive animals in free range cows during sojourn on pasture a significant increase was estimated. Even asymptomatic human carriers can serve as source of infection or contamination.
Changes in the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and fecal flora during administration of a 7-day course to human volunteers (1984)

Twelve male subjects, aged 19 to 40 years, shown to be healthy by examination and laboratory tests, took 500 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 h for 7 days. After the first and the last dose, blood and urine samples were taken and drug concentrations were determined by bioassay. There was a significant buildup in mean concentrations in serum from day 1 to day 7; mean peak levels (attained after 1 to 2 h) were 1.9 and 2.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The terminal half-life was 3.5 to 4 h. About 40% of the drug was excreted into the urine during the 12-h period after dosing; minimum mean concentrations in urine were 105 micrograms/ml on day 1 and 174 micrograms/ml on day 7. Considerable amounts of ciprofloxacin were found in the feces on day 7 (185 to 2,220 micrograms/g). Marked changes in the aerobic part of the fecal flora were observed as a result of taking ciprofloxacin: coliforms were absent on day 7, and concentrations of streptococci and staphylococci were significantly reduced. There was no overgrowth by yeasts. One week later the fecal flora had returned to a state similar to that found before treatment. Anaerobes were little affected quantitatively but acquired resistance to ciprofloxacin. Side effects were mild and transient.
Electrical Measurement Under Atmospheric Conditions of PbSe Nanocrystal Thin Films Passivated by Remote Plasma Atomic Layer Deposition of Al$_{\bf 2}$O $_{\bf 3}$ (2012)

PbSe nanocrystal thin-film transistors (TFTs) were passivated using remote plasma atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a ∼10 nm thick Al <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{2}$</tex></formula> O <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula> film at 150 °C. By using a highly reactive remote oxygen plasma source, the time for one complete ALD cycle was about 15 s with growth rates of ∼1.1 Å/cycle. The effective mobilities measured under atmospheric condition from Al <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $_{2}$</tex></formula> O <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula> -passivated PbSe nanocrystal TFTs were comparable to the values reported previously for air-free PbSe nanocrystal TFTs, demonstrating that ALD Al <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{2}$</tex></formula> O <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula> layers prevent oxidation and degradation of nanocrystal films from air exposure. The variation in the effective mobility of passivated devices was also found to be negligible under ambient conditions over a period of 30 days. The results show that remote plasma ALD processing of Al <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{2}$</tex></formula> O <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula> is capable of producing an effective passivation layer on air-sensitive nanocrystals with high deposition rates at reduced temperature.
Incidental fibromuscular dysplasia in potential renal donors: long-term clinical follow-up. (1989)

The clinical natural history of renal arterial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in patients with normal blood pressure is unknown, to the authors' knowledge. The authors reviewed the results of 1,862 renal angiograms obtained in potential renal donors. FMD was present in 71 patients (3.8%). The average age at which FMD was discovered was 50.8 years. Seventy-five percent of the patients with FMD were female. Of 30 patients who did not undergo nephrectomy, eight (26.6%) developed hypertension over a mean followup interval of 7.5 years. Of 19 patients who underwent nephrectomy, despite the presence of FMD, five (26.3%) developed hypertension over a mean follow-up interval of 4.4 years. In comparison, three subjects (6.1%) (from a randomized control group of 49 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals) developed hypertension over a mean follow-up period of 7.1 years. The authors conclude that asymptomatic middle-aged individuals with renal FMD develop hypertension at a rate greater than that of age-matched control subjects with normal blood pressure.
Searching for the most effective screening system to identify cell-active inhibitors of β-secretase (2004)

The beta-secretase BACE1 is an attractive drug target for reducing the level of the Alzheimer's disease-promoting Abeta peptide in the brain. Whereas potent peptidomimetic in vitro inhibitors of BACE1 have been designed, screening approaches to identify cell-permeable small molecule inhibitors have had limited success so far. In the present minireview we summarize existing screening methods, discuss their scope of application in the drug discovery process and compare them to a novel cell-based screening system to identify BACE1 inhibitors by a positive yeast growth selection.
<title>IDT, SAW, and MEMS sensors for measuring deflection, acceleration, and ice detection of aircraft</title> (1997)

Smart MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) in the form of integrated sensors and actuators offer significant potential for many rotorcraft applications. Sensing of flex beam deflection and acceleration, ice formation and deicing are major candidate areas where smart conformal MEMS based sensors can be exploited by the rotorcraft community. The major technical barrier of the present day smart structures technology is the need for wired communication between sensors and actuators in the rotating system and controllers, data storage units,a nd cockpit avionics. Many proposed sensors and actuators are commonly distributed either along the blade length or, in the active flap devices, out near the 75% blade radial station. Also they are not conformed to the airfoil shape of the rotor blades. The communication between rotating and fixed systems is typically accomplished using complex slip ring assemblies transferring electronic information down through the rotor shaft. Although advances have been made in wired communication, these complex assemblies are essentially similar to test hardware and present numerous reliability and maintainability limitations when implemented on a production scale. Considering these limitations, development of a wireless means of communication through a new generation of conformal sensors with built-in antenna, akin to telemetry, could have a dramatic beneficial payoff for rotorcraft applications.
EXAMINATION OF STATE POLICIES ON ENDANGERED SPECIES AND TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN THE UNITED STATES (1994)

State departments of transportation have evolved many strategies for dealing with endangered species laws. It is likely that some states could develop more effective and efficient strategies if they knew other states' policies. To aid in an exchange of such information the authors developed and distributed a survey on state department of transportation strategies for dealing with endangered species. The survey involved 21 questions covering 11 policy issues. The mail-in and mail-back survey was sent to an environmental official of each of the 50 state departments of transportation. The survey response rate was outstanding--45 states provided detailed responses. A major pattern that emerged from the survey was the wide diversity of strategies for dealing with endangered species. Responses to questions regarding personnel who performed endangered species work and the effects of state endangered species laws showed wide variations in state strategies. Sixty-two species were named by the 45 responding states as one of their top three species in terms of compliance work. Most states have communities of protected plant species within their rights-of-way. Many differences in the ways that states approach protected species surveys for major corridor studies and for protected aquatic species were evident. The extent to which state departments of transportation have relocated protected species was identified. Only nine states have had projects stopped by endangered species, but most states have had projects delayed or redesigned because of endangered species. Questions regarding compliance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act identified national trends. Finally the unique policies of the states were identified.
Techno-economic analysis of hydrothermal carbonization of pulp mill biosludge (2023)

For many mills, the biosludge from wastewater treatment is difficult to recycle or dispose of. This makes it a challenging side stream and an important issue for chemical pulping. It often ends up being burned in the recovery or biomass boiler, although the moisture and non-process element (NPE) contents make it a problematic fuel. Biosludge has proven resistant to attempts to reduce its moisture. When incinerated in the biomass boiler, the heat from dry matter combustion is often insufficient to yield positive net heat. Mixing the sludge with black liquor in the evaporator plant for incineration in the recovery boiler is more energy efficient, but is still an additional load on the evaporator plant, as well as introducing NPEs to the liquor. In this study, treating the biosludge by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a mild thermochemical conversion technology, is investigated. The HTC process has some notable advantages for biosludge treatment; taking place in water, it is well suited for sludge, and the hydrochar product is much easier to dewater than untreated sludge. In this study, two HTC plant designs are simulated using IPSEpro process simulation software, followed by economic analysis. Low temperature levels are used to minimize investment costs and steam consumption. The results show that if the sludge is incinerated in a biomass boiler, payback periods could be short at likely electricity prices. The HTC treatment before mixing the sludge with black liquor in the evaporator plant is profitable only if the freed evaporator capacity can be used to increase the firing liquor dry solids content.
Summary Abstract: The surface chemistry of ketene on Ru(001) (1988)

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Association rule mining using FPTree as directed acyclic graph (2012)

Association rule mining is one of the most important aspects of data mining. It aims at searching for interesting relationships among items in a large data set or database and discovers association rules among the large no of item sets. The importance of ARM is increasing with the demand of finding frequent patterns from large data sources. Researchers developed a lot of algorithms and techniques for generating association rules. The main problem is the generation of candidate item sets before producing frequent item sets. This result in wastage of time and space. Among the existing technique the frequent pattern (FP Growth) method is the most efficient and scalable approach. It mines the frequent item set without candidate data set generation. The obstacle is it generates a massive number of conditional fp trees. In this system we propose an improvement for frequent pattern tree based technique which does not use conditional fp trees. It generates fp trees using directed acyclic graph data structure. For this we propose an algorithm that scans the database and generates fp trees as DAG so that we can generate Frequent Patterns directly using DAG without generating conditional fp trees. Using frequent patterns the association rules are generated. We compare this with traditional fp growth, MFI in terms of number of database scans, conditional FPTrees, time complexity and space complexity.