gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Nano-scale Electronic Devices Based on Single-layer Graphene (2010)

We review our recent experiments on the fabrication of nano-electronic devices in single-layer graphene. A graphene nanoribbon device was fabricated by conducting local anodic oxidation lithography using tapping-mode atomic force microcsope. The conductance of the graphene nanoribbon at the charge neutrality point was suppressed at low temperature, which suggests the opening of an energy gap due to the lateral confinement of charge carriers. A single quantum dot was fabricated by using the conventional electron beam lithography combined with plasma etching of the graphene layer. The quantum dot works as a single-electron transistor, which shows Coulomb blockade characteristics. These results suggest possibilities of the future application of the nano-electronic devices based on graphene.
Advances in the research on bioactivity of Sophora flavescens (2004)

In the review we summarize the research progress on bioactivity of Sophora flavescens in recent years. The main active compounds are alkaloids and flavonois. Study has shown that Sophora flavescens, which is Chinese traditional medicine,has antitumous, antiabscess, antiprocreate, antiarrhythmic and antivirus activities, and in agriculture, it could poison and control many plant diseases and insect pests, and possesses activity of killing rat. The direction for the future application research was also suggested.
The simple construction of rice-husk-derived carbon catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction by the synergism of iron and nitrogen co-doping (2023)

A rice-husk-derived carbon electrocatalyst (RHFeN) with oxygen reduction catalytic activity are obtained by the synergism of iron and nitrogen co-doping.
Role of extracytoplasmic function sigma factor PG1660 (RpoE) in the oxidative stress resistance regulatory network of Porphyromonas gingivalis (2017)

In Porphyromonas gingivalis, the protein PG1660, composed of 174 amino acids, is annotated as an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor (RpoE homologue-σ24). Because PG1660 can modulate several virulence factors and responds to environmental signals in P. gingivalis, its genetic properties were evaluated. PG1660 is co-transcribed with its downstream gene PG1659, and the transcription start site was identified as adenine residue 54-nucleotides upstream of the ATG translation start codon. In addition to binding its own promoter, using the purified rPG1660 and RNAP core enzyme from Escherichia coli with the PG1660 promoter DNA as template, the function of PG1660 as a sigma factor was demonstrated in an in vitro transcription assay. Transcriptome analyses of a P. gingivalis PG1660-defective isogenic mutant revealed that under oxidative stress conditions 176 genes including genes involved in secondary metabolism were downregulated more than two-fold compared with the parental strain. The rPG1660 protein also showed the ability to bind to the promoters of the highly downregulated genes in the PG1660-deficient mutant. As the ECF sigma factor PG0162 has a 29% identity with PG1660 and can modulate its expression, the cross-talk between their regulatory networks was explored. The expression profile of the PG0162PG1660-deficient mutant (P. gingivalis FLL356) revealed that the type IX secretion system genes and several virulence genes were downregulated under hydrogen peroxide stress conditions. Taken together, we have confirmed that PG1660 can function as a sigma factor, and plays an important regulatory role in the oxidative stress and virulence regulatory network of P. gingivalis.
Small fitness effects and weak genetic interactions between deleterious mutations in heterozygous loci of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

Rare, random mutations were induced in budding yeast by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Clones known to bear a single non-neutral mutation were used to obtain mutant heterozygotes and mutant homozygotes that were later compared with wild-type homozygotes. The average homozygous effect of mutation was an approximately 2% decrease in the growth rate. In heterozygotes, the harmful effect of these relatively mild mutations was reduced approximately fivefold. In a test of epistasis, two heterozygous mutant loci were paired at random. Fitness of the double mutants was best explained by multiplicative action of effects at single loci, with little evidence for epistasis and essentially excluding synergism. In other experiments, the same mutations in haploid and heterozygous diploid clones were compared. Regardless of the haploid phenotypes, mildly deleterious or lethal, fitness of the heterozygotes was decreased by less than half a per cent on average. In general, the results presented here suggest that most mutations tend to exhibit small and weakly interacting effects in heterozygous loci regardless of how harmful they are in haploids or homozygotes.
A catch and release program for single-stranded DNA (2017)

Uncovering the mechanisms by which single-stranded binding proteins both protect and expose single-stranded DNA has important implications for our understanding of DNA replication and repair. A new study serves up a master class in developing a full kinetic model for one such protein, mtSSB, showing how DNA can be reeled in and set free to control accessibility.
Association of Plasma Tau With Mortality and Long-term Neurocognitive Impairment in Survivors of Pediatric Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malarial Anemia (2021)

In this study, plasma tau, a marker of injury to neuronal axons, was elevated in children with CM or SMA and was associated with mortality and persistent NCI in children with CM younger than 5 years.
On the application of passive flow control for cavitation suppression in torque converter stator (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the transient cavitation process in torque converters with a particular focus on cavitation suppression with a passive flow control technique. Design/methodology/approach The transient fluid field in a torque converter was simulated by RANS-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a full three-dimensional (3D) model. A homogeneous Rayleigh–Plesset cavitation model was used to simulate the transient cavitation process and the results were validated with test data. Various secondary flow passages (SFP) were applied to the stator blade. The cavitation behavior and hydrodynamic performance were simulated and compared to investigate the effect of SFP geometries on cavitation suppression. Findings Presented results show that cavitation in the torque converter is highly unstable at stall operating condition because of the combination of a high incidence angle and high flow velocity. The addition of an SFP to the stator blade produces a disruption of the re-entrant jet and reduces the overall degree of cavitation, consequently inhibiting the unstable cavitation and reducing performance degradation. Originality/value This paper provides unique insights into the complicated transient cavitation flow patterns found in torque converters and introduces effective passive flow control techniques useful to researchers and engineers in the areas of fluid dynamics and turbomachinery.
T 1q and T 2q MRI in the evaluation of Parkinson's disease (2010)

Prior work has shown that adiabatic T1q and T2q relaxation time constants may have sensitivity to cellular changes and the presence of iron, respectively, in Parkinson's disease (PD). Further understanding of these magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods and how they relate to measures of disease severity and progression in PD is needed. Using T1q and T2q on a 4T MRI scanner, we assessed the substantia nigra (SN) of nine non-demented moderately affected PD and ten gender- and age-matched control participants. When compared to controls, the SN of PD subjects had increased T1q and reduced T2q. We also found a significant correlation between asymmetric motor features and asymmetry based on T1q. This study provides additional validation of T1q and T2q as a means to separate PD from control subjects, and T1q may be a useful marker of asymmetry in PD.
Microglia and a Functional Type I IFN Pathway Are Required To Counter HSV-1–Driven Brain Lateral Ventricle Enlargement and Encephalitis (2013)

HSV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic viral encephalitis, with mortality rates approaching 30% despite treatment with the antiviral drug of choice, acyclovir. Permanent neurologic deficits are common in patients that survive, but the mechanism leading to this pathology is poorly understood, impeding clinical advancements in treatment to reduce CNS morbidity. Using magnetic resonance imaging and type I IFN receptor-deficient mouse chimeras, we demonstrate HSV-1 gains access to the murine brain stem and subsequently brain ependymal cells, leading to enlargement of the cerebral lateral ventricle and infection of the brain parenchyma. A similar enlargement in the lateral ventricles is found in a subpopulation of herpes simplex encephalitic patients. Associated with encephalitis is an increase in CXCL1 and CXCL10 levels in the cerebral spinal fluid, TNF-α expression in the ependymal region, and the influx of neutrophils of encephalitic mouse brains. Reduction in lateral ventricle enlargement using anti-secretory factor peptide 16 reduces mortality significantly in HSV-1-infected mice without any effect on expression of inflammatory mediators, infiltration of leukocytes, or changes in viral titer. Microglial cells but not infiltrating leukocytes or other resident glial cells or neurons are the principal source of resistance in the CNS during the first 5 d postinfection through a Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β-dependent, type I IFN pathway. Our results implicate lateral ventricle enlargement as a major cause of mortality in mice and speculate such an event transpires in a subpopulation of human HSV encephalitic patients.
The Effects of Millennials Job Crafting Authentic Leadership and Shared Leadership in the Hotel Industry: The Mediating Effect of Job Engagement (2019)

The purpose of this study is to examine how authenticity and sharing leadership, which has recently attracted attention from the leadership theory of hotel companies facing the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and 52 hours a week, has an effect on job crafting and job engagement of the millennial generation. Specifically, we examined the relationship of job crafting between authenticity leadership, shared leadership that shares leadership roles and responsibilities and communicates horizontally, and verified how job engagement affects job crafting. As a result of empirical analysis, the hypotheses and the research model set in the research model are generally valid. First of all, it was found that job crafting is realized by sharing knowledge with others actively in a shared leadership environment in which one can actively work and comment on work. In addition, high levels of shared leadership have been shown to have a positive effect on team enthusiasm. The result of this study suggests that the hotel organization, where leadership is handed down to all team members, has a positive effect on corporate growth, team members
Serum Albumins as Differential Receptors for the Discrimination of Fatty Acids and Oils (2010)

Using fluorescent indicators and several serum albumins, a sensing system for fatty acids was developed. Fatty acids were able to be differentiated based on their carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation. A sensing ensemble was then applied to study complex mixtures of triglycerides, namely, edible oils. The oils, with different fatty acid compositions, were successfully differentiated using principal component analysis.
Modeling dielectric waveguiding structures with the method of lines (1998)

This paper discusses the method of lines and its application for generating the 2-D spatial distribution of vectorial mode fields supported by inhomogeneous waveguiding structures. Our formulation has been validated by comparing computed field distributions and mode wave impedances with analytic solutions and numerical results obtained from the literature when available. A complete analysis of an optical dielectric waveguiding structure is given along with an assessment of the accuracy of our technique.
The dependence of the melting temperatures of iron upon the choice of the interatomic potential (1979)

The melting curve (melting temperature versus pressure) of iron is fundamental to an understanding of the physics of the Earth's core. Since experimental data are available for pressures a few orders of magnitude smaller than the core pressures, the problem is to find the correct ways of extrapolating them. Here we employ Ross' melting criterion, a reformulation of Lindemann's law in the framework of statistical mechanics, because all the proposed empirical melting laws can be deduced from it; it also allows us to take into account the interatomic potential and the various crystal structures which iron may possess. The results of our calculations lead us to the conclusion that the melting temperatures of iron at the core pressures are extremely uncertain since no definite choice among possible potential functions is allowed. The melting temperature at the mantle–core boundary may range between 3500 and 4300 K, while at the inner core–outer core boundary it may range between 4500 and 7000K. The average melting temperature gradient is shown to be between 0.6 and 1.1 deg/km. The problem of establishing if the core is made of fcc or hcp iron is definitely secondary to that of the choice of the potential function.
A New Approach To Radar/Sonar Imaging (1986)

We describe an analogy between imaging in delay-doppler radar/sonar and positron-emission tomography. This suggests new processing algorithms for the radar/sonar imaging problem that may permit improved visualization of targets for practical ambiguity functions. A receiver architecture consisting of a bandpass matched filter, square-law envelope detector, and specialized processing is proposed to produce images.
A 0.32 THz FMCW radar system based on low-cost lens-integrated SiGe HBT front-ends (2013)

This paper presents a 0.32 THz high-resolution radar system for short-range applications. It utilizes a homodyne FMCW radar architecture based on a low-cost SiGe HBT chip-set. It is implemented in a 0.13-μm SiGe engineering technology version with cutoff frequencies f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 300/350 GHz and offers lens-integrated on-chip antennas. The measured maximum radiated power of the packaged transmitter is -5 dBm (14 dBm EIRP) at 0.311 THz. The 6-dB operational bandwidth of the chip-set is 27 GHz around the center frequency of 0.325 THz. The conversion gain of the receiver including antenna efficiency is -16 to -8 dB and its noise figure is 30-37 dB over the operational bandwidth. The FMCW radar functionality is demonstrated in a face-to-face chip-set configuration.
Relational evaluation schemes (2002)

We describe extensions to a scheme for evaluating parse selection accuracy based on named grammatical relations between lemmatised lexical heads. The scheme is intended to directly reflect the task of recovering grammatical and logical relations, rather than more arbitrary details of tree topology. There is a manually annotated test suite of 500 sentences which has been used by several groups to perform evaluations. We are developing software to create larger test suites automatically from existing treebanks. We are considering alternative relational annotations which draw a clearer distinction between grammatical and logical relations in order to overcome limitations of the current proposal.
Continuous Analyte Sensing with Magnetic Nanoswitches (2006)

Sensor sensibility: A sensor that continuously monitors levels of analytes by emitting a radiofrequency signal could be used to determine metabolite or drug levels in vivo. We describe a sensor that consists of a semipermeable membrane, magnetic nanoparticles, and a binding protein that responds to analyte with reversible changes in the size of nanoparticle/binding protein microaggregates, which changes sensor proton relaxation times (see figure). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Real-Time Traffic-Sign Recognition Using Tree Classifiers (2012)

Traffic-sign recognition (TSR) is an essential component of a driver assistance system (DAS), providing drivers with safety and precaution information. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of k-d trees, random forests, and support vector machines (SVMs) for traffic-sign classification using different-sized histogram-of-oriented-gradient (HOG) descriptors and distance transforms (DTs). We also use the Fisher's criterion and random forests for the feature selection to reduce the memory requirements and enhance the performance. We use the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) data set containing 43 classes and more than 50 000 images.
Exploiting multilevel parallelism using OpenMP on a massive multithreaded architecture (2006)

This paper evaluates and analyzes multilevel parallelism on a chip multiprocessor (CMP) architecture. The environment is based on the experimental IBM BG/Cyclops architecture, where we have run the multi–zone parallel benchmarks. Multilevel parallelism is spawned using the Nanos OpenMP execution environment. We have performed the analysis with different execution parameters in order to evaluate different hardware threads distributions, cache utilization, and thread grouping configurations. Our results demonstrate that a large number of thread groups and good balancing algorithms are critical for high performance. We also show that a small number of threads can share the same data cache to increase the performance, but a large number of threads should better not share the same data caches.
Human CD4+ T-cell repertoire of responses to influenza A virus hemagglutinin after recent natural infection (1995)

The human CD4+ T-cell repertoire of responses to hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus A/Beijing/32/92 was examined 3 to 6 months after natural infection by using a panel of 16-mer peptides overlapping by 11 residues. Short-term CD4+ T-cell lines were derived by using full-length HAs of virus A/Beijing/32/92 from 12 unrelated, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II haplotyped adults with a history of influenza in November and December 1993 and from 6 adults with no history of influenza during the preceding 4 years but who responded to HA. In contrast to recent murine studies, the human CD4+ T-cell repertoire of responses was dominated by the recognition of highly conserved epitopes. The HA2 subunit, widely regarded as nonimmunogenic, induced strong responses in every donor. This resulted in functional cross-reactivity among influenza A viruses. Our study included one pair of unrelated donors expressing identical HLA DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and two pairs of donors sharing low-resolution MHC class II types. These pairs responded to identical peptides; furthermore, clearly identifiable patterns of response were seen in donors sharing single class II haplotypes, irrespective of the presence of other alleles and exposure history. Two conserved regions which induced responses in 17 of 18 donors were identified (residues 295 to 328 and 407 to 442). Possible implications for cross-reactive T-cell vaccines are discussed.
Ultrasmall Titania Nanocrystals and Their Direct Assembly into Mesoporous Structures Showing Fast Lithium Insertion (2010)

Ultrasmall and highly soluble anatase nanoparticles were synthesized from TiCl(4) using tert-butyl alcohol as a new reaction medium. This synthetic protocol widens the scope of nonaqueous sol-gel methods to TiO(2) nanoparticles of around 3 nm with excellent dispersibility in ethanol and tert-butanol. Microwave heating was found to enhance the crystallinity of the nanoparticles and to drastically shorten the reaction time to less than 1 h at temperatures as low as 50 degrees C. The extremely small size of the nanoparticles and their dispersibility make it possible to use commercial Pluronic surfactants for evaporation-induced self-assembly of the nanoparticulate building blocks into periodic mesoporous structures. A solution of particles after synthesis can be directly used for preparation of mesoporous films without the need for particle separation. The mesoporous titania coatings fabricated using this one-pot procedure are crystalline and exhibit high surface areas of up to 300 m(2)/g. The advantages of the retention of the mesoporous order with extremely thin nanocrystalline walls were shown by electrochemical lithium insertion. The films made using microwave-treated nanoparticles showed supercapacitive behavior with high maximum capacitance due to quantitative lithiation with a 10-fold increase of charging rates compared to a standard reference electrode made from 20 nm anatase particles.
Multivariate Lagrange inversion formula and the cycle lemma (2013)

We give a multitype extension of the cycle lemma of (Dvoretzky and Motzkin 1947). This allows us to obtain a combinatorial proof of the multivariate Lagrange inversion formula that generalizes the celebrated proof of (Raney 1963) in the univariate case, and its extension in (Chottin 1981) to the two variable case.Until now, only the alternative approach of (Joyal 1981) and (Labelle 1981) via labelled arborescences and endofunctions had been successfully extended to the multivariate case in (Gessel 1983), (Goulden and Kulkarni 1996), (Bousquet et al. 2003), and the extension of the cycle lemma to more than 2 variables was elusive.The cycle lemma has found a lot of applications in combinatorics, so we expect our multivariate extension to be quite fruitful: as a first application we mention economical linear time exact random sampling for multispecies trees.
A Greener Pathway to Enantiopurity: Mechanochemical Deracemization through Abrasive Grinding (2023)

We report the first case of mechanochemical deracemization by using liquid-assisted abrasive grinding. The target molecule is a precursor of Paclobutrazol, an important fungicide and plant growth inhibitor. Using mechanochemical deracemization, we are even able to transform a 10 % ee scalemic mixture of this latter in an enantioenriched product of 97 % ee in a couple of hours. This is substantially shorter compared to solution-based deracemization methodologies. The present paper thus introduces an efficient and greener process to enantiopure material.
Nonlocal van der Waals Density Functional Made Simple (2009)

We derive a nonlocal correlation functional that adequately describes van der Waals interactions not only in the asymptotic long-range regime but also at short range. Unlike its precursor, developed by Langreth, Lundqvist, and co-workers, the new functional has a simple analytic form, finite for all interelectron separations, well behaved in the slowly varying density limit, and generalized to spin-polarized systems.