gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cached Sufficient Statistics for Efficient Machine Learning with Large Datasets (1998)

This paper introduces new algorithms and data structures for quick counting for machine learning datasets. We focus on the counting task of constructing contingency tables, but our approach is also applicable to counting the number of records in a dataset that match conjunctive queries. Subject to certain assumptions, the costs of these operations can be shown to be independent of the number of records in the dataset and loglinear in the number of non-zero entries in the contingency table. We provide a very sparse data structure, the ADtree, to minimize memory use. We provide analytical worst-case bounds for this structure for several models of data distribution. We empirically demonstrate that tractably-sized data structures can be produced for large real-world datasets by (a) using a sparse tree structure that never allocates memory for counts of zero, (b) never allocating memory for counts that can be deduced from other counts, and (c) not bothering to expand the tree fully near its leaves. We show how the ADtree can be used to accelerate Bayes net structure finding algorithms, rule learning algorithms, and feature selection algorithms, and we provide a number of empirical results comparing ADtree methods against traditional direct counting approaches. We also discuss the possible uses of ADtrees in other machine learning methods, and discuss the merits of ADtrees in comparison with alternative representations such as kd-trees, R-trees and Frequent Sets.
Kir6.1 transgenic mice for the analyses of cardiac channelopathy (2018)

KATP channel is a metabolic sensor linking cellular metabolic state (ATP/ADP ratio) to membrane excitability. In cardiomyocytes, KATP channel plays a cardioprotective role during the anoxic condition such as coronary occlusion by increasing membrane K+ currents, which then inhibits the excessive influx and accumulation of Ca2+ by shortening the action potential duration. The sarcolemmal KATP channels in ventricular myocytes are composed primarily of Kir6.2 and SUR2A subunits whereas KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells are predominantly composed of Kir6.1 and SUR2B.
Experiences on sustainable heating and cooling with an aquifer thermal energy storage system at a Belgian hospital (2007)

This paper presents the basic parameters and energy flows of an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system combined with reversible water/water heat pumps used for heating and cooling the new hospital Klina (Antwerp – Belgium). The installation system is one of the first ATES projects in Belgium, and its operation is monitored with the aid of a DAQ system. The energy flows, primary energy consumption, CO2 emission reduction, ... were calculated based on DAQ loggings of the first 3 years of system’s operation. It is proved that the ATES system is a highly energy efficient system delivering 74% of the total cooling demand. The COPcooling of the ATES system was 45. A primary energy saving of 69% on cooling energy was achieved. These figures prove that in heating and cooling mode, the ATES system is significantly less demanding in terms of primary energy.
Instability of Propiconazole Resistance and Fitness in Monilinia fructicola (2007)

ABSTRACT The fitness and the dynamics of demethylation inhibitor fungicide (DMI) sensitivity in isolates of Monilinia fructicola sensitive (no growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) and resistant (>/=50% relative growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) to propiconazole were investigated. Overall, there was no considerable compromise in the fitness of resistant isolates compared to sensitive isolates of M. fructicola at the time of collection. Resistant and sensitive isolates differed in their sensitivity to propiconazole (P < 0.001) and incubation period (P = 0.044), but not in latent period, growth rate, spore production, and spore germination frequency (P > 0.05). Consecutive transferring on potato dextrose agar had an impact on conidia production, conidial germination, and growth rate (P < 0.0001). Consecutive transferring also had an impact on propiconazole sensitivity in resistant isolates. In the resistant isolates, sensitivity to propiconazole increased (R(2) = 0.960, P = 0.0034) within the first eight transfers. Similarly, sensitivity to propiconazole increased by 273% over the course of 34 months in cold storage in propiconazole-resistant isolates. Our results show that propiconazole resistance is unstable in vitro and that standard subculturing and cold storage procedures impact propiconazole sensitivity of resistant isolates. The instability of propiconazole resistance in M. fructicola may have important implications for disease management in that a reversion to propiconazole sensitivity could potentially occur in the absence of DMI fungicide pressure in the field.
NK cell-derived exosomes carry miR-207 and alleviate depression-like symptoms in mice (2020)

Collectively, our findings revealed that exosomal miR-207 alleviated symptoms of depression in stressed mice by targeting Tril to inhibit NF-κB signaling in astrocytes.
Involvement of thymosin beta 4 and endoproteinase Asp-N in the biosynthesis of the tetrapeptide AcSerAspLysPro a regulator of the hematopoietic system. (1990)

International audience
Ionic Liquids and Other Nonconventional Solvents in Biotransformations: Medium Engineering and Process Development (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Toward Greener Catalytic Processes The Importance of the Medium Engineering in Biotransformations Biocatalysis in Monophasic ILs Systems (Bio)catalytic Processes in SCFs Multiphase Biotransformations Prospects Acknowledgments References
A visual query system for the specification and scientific analysis of continual queries (2002)

The lack of a facility that would allow nonprogrammers to easily formulate temporal ad hoc analyses over a network of heterogeneous, constantly-updated data sources has been a significant impediment to research, particularly in the scientific community. In this paper we describe WebFormulate, an Internet-based system which facilitates the development of analyses using information obtained from databases on the Internet. The main distinction between this system and existing Internet facilities to retrieve information and assimilate it into computations is that WebFormulate provides the necessary facilities to perform continual queries, developing and maintaining dynamic links such that computations and reports automatically maintain themselves. A further distinction is that this system is specifically designed for users of spreadsheet-level ability, rather than professional programmers.
Age-related changes in cortical blood flow activation during visual processing of faces and location (1994)

We examined age-related changes in object and spatial visual processing in two separate experiments. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in young and old subjects with positron emission tomography and H2(15)O during tests of face matching, location matching, and a control task. The task demands in the two experiments were identical, but the stimuli in Experiment II were constructed to equalize stimulus complexity across all three tasks. The old subjects performed more slowly than the young subjects in both experiments, and showed significantly slower reaction times during location matching compared to face matching in Experiment II. Both young and old subjects showed occipitotemporal rCBF activation during face matching and occipitoparietal activation during location matching when these conditions were compared to the control task. However, in both experiments and in both tasks, young subjects showed greater activation of prestriate cortex (Brodmann's area 18), and old subjects had larger rCBF increases in occipitotemporal cortex (area 37). Areas in prefrontal cortex, as well as in inferior and medial parietal cortex, were more activated in the old subjects during location matching in both experiments. These results demonstrate that reliable age-related changes during visual processing can be found in rCBF patterns, suggesting more efficient use of occipital visual areas by younger subjects and more reliance by older subjects on one or more cortical networks, particularly for spatial vision, perhaps to compensate for reduced processing efficiency of occipital cortex. Both the differentially increased reaction times and the more widespread prefrontal activation in the old subjects during location matching suggest that spatial vision may be affected to a greater degree by aging than is object vision.
Lipoylating and biotinylating enzymes contain a homologous catalytic module (2000)

Biotin and lipoic acid moieties are the covalently attached coenzyme cofactors of several multicomponent enzyme complexes that catalyze key metabolic reactions. Attachment of these moieties to the biotinyl- and lipoyl-dependent enzymes is post-translationally catalyzed by specific biotinylating and lipoylating protein enzymes. In Escherichia coli, two different enzymes, LplA and LipB, catalyze independent pathways for the lipoylation of the relevant enzymes, whereas only one enzyme, the BirA protein, is responsible for all the biotinylation. Counterparts of the E. coli BirA, LplA, and LipB enzymes have been previously identified in many organisms, but homology among the three families has never been reported. Computational analysis based on PSI-BLAST profiles and secondary structure predictions indicates, however, that lipoylating and biotinylating enzymes are evolutionarily related protein families containing a homologous catalytic module. Sequence conservation among the three families is very poor, but a single lysine residue is strictly conserved in all of them, which, according to the available X-ray crystal structure of the E. coli BirA protein, is expected to contribute to the binding of lipoic acid in the LplA and LipB enzymes.
VERILAT: verification using logic augmentation and transformations (2005)

This paper presents a new framework for formal logic verification. What is depicted here is fundamentally different from previous approaches. In earlier approaches, the circuit is either not changed during the verification process, as in ordered binary de- cision diagram (OBDD) or implication-based methods, or the cir- cuit is progressively reduced during verification. Whereas, in our approach, we actually enlarge the circuits by adding gates during the verification process. Specifically, introduced here is a new tech- nique that transforms the reference circuit as well as the circuit to be verified, so that the similarity between the two is progressively enhanced. This requires addition of gates to the reference circuit and/or the circuit to be verified. In the process, we reduce the dis- similarity between the two circuits, which makes it easier to verify the circuits. In this paper, we first introduce a method to identify parts of the two circuits which are dissimilar. We use the number of implica- tions that exist between the nodes of one circuit and the nodes of the other circuit as a metric of similarity. As demonstrated, this can be a very useful metric. We formulate transformations that can reduce the dissimilarity. These are performed on those parts of the circuits which are found to be dissimilar. These admissible transformations are functionality-preserving and based on certain Boolean differ- ence formulations. The dissimilarity reduction transformations in- troduce new logical relationships between the two circuits that did not previously exist. These logical relationships are extracted as new implications, which are then used to reduce the complexity of the verification problem. These two steps are repeated in succession until the verification process is complete. A complete procedure is presented which demonstrates the power of our logic verifica- tion technique. The concept presented in this paper can be useful in accelerating verification frameworks which rely on structural methods.
Determination of force and flux linkage characteristics of radial active magnetic bearings (2004)

The current and position dependence force and flux linkage characteristics of the studied radial active bearings are determined by the finite element computations in the entire operating range. Based on results of the performed computations the considerable impact of magnetic nonlinearities and cross coupling effects on properties of radial active magnetic bearings is established. The obtained characteristics are incorporated into the dynamic mathematical model, which is based on the current and position dependent radial forces and partial derivatives of flux linkages.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DA INDIVIDUALIDADE E DAS DIFERENÇAS PESSOAIS DE CONCEPÇÃO PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO EDUCADOR (2013)

As discussões concernentes à Educação, em particular no processo de formação do educador, clamam por relevância. No entanto, relativamente pouca atenção tem sido dada a esse aspecto. O presente estudo, em forma de ensaio, procura discutir a importância que as diferentes concepções pessoais acerca da Ciência (em caso específico, das Ciências Biológicas) apresentam no processo de formação de professores, apontando brevemente para algumas influências destas individualidades, tanto nas práticas docentes, quanto na elaboração de metodologias para o ensino de Ciências. Pressupomos que todo e qualquer campo científico admite um duplo aspecto em sua concepção: autenticidade e pluralidade. A noção de autenticidade adotada neste texto é entendida pela interpretação de que qualquer concepção de Ciência depende, de certa parte, de uma rede própria de valores e princípios que nos constitui, fazendo com que tal concepção seja sempre individual, intransferível e, portanto, legítima. A ideia de pluralidade aqui trabalhada, por sua vez, pode ser entendida como a noção de que, em linhas gerais, a Ciência admite distintos graus de concepção sobre seu objeto, consoante o ângulo de investigação adotado por quem o concebe, ângulo este resultante de princípios epistemológicos, filosóficos, sociais, éticos, religiosos, etc. Pôde-se concluir que cada indivíduo, mediante sua individualidade, concebe necessariamente a Ciência de maneira toda própria. Assim, no processo de formação do educador, o foco deve se voltar para a problematização consoante à individualidade e às diferenças de concepção de todos os atores envolvidos em tal situação.
Transfer of hydrocarbons from natural seeps to the water column and atmosphere (2002)

Abstract Results from surface geochemical prospecting, seismic exploration and satellite remote sensing have documented oil and gas seeps in marine basins around the world. Seeps are a dynamic component of the carbon cycle and can be important indicators for economically significant hydrocarbon deposits. The northern Gulf of Mexico contains hundreds of active seeps that can be studied experimentally with the use of submarines and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV). Hydrocarbon flux through surface sediments profoundly alters benthic ecology and seafloor geology at seeps. In water depths of 500–2000 m, rapid gas flux results in shallow, metastable deposits of gas hydrate, which reduce sediment porosity and affect seepage rates. This paper details the processes that occur during the final, brief transition — as oil and gas escape from the seafloor, rise through the water and dissolve, are consumed by microbial processes, or disperse into the atmosphere. The geology of the upper sediment column determines whether discharge is rapid and episodic, as occurs in mud volcanoes, or more gradual and steady, as occurs where the seep orifice is plugged with gas hydrate. In both cases, seep oil and gas appear to rise through the water in close proximity instead of separating. Chemical alteration of the oil is relatively minor during transit through the water column, but once at the sea surface its more volatile components rapidly evaporate. Gas bubbles rapidly dissolve as they rise, although observations suggest that oil coatings on the bubbles inhibit dissolution. At the sea surface, the floating oil forms slicks, detectable by remote sensing, whose origins are laterally within ∼1000 m of the seafloor vent. This contradicts the much larger distance predicted if oil drops rise through a 500 m water column at an expected rate of ∼0.01 m s −1 while subjected to lateral currents of ∼0.2 m s −1 or greater. It indicates that oil rises with the gas bubbles at speeds of ∼0.15 m s −1 all the way to the surface.
Transmission Lines and Waveguides (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Part 1 Waves on Transmission Lines Part 2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines Part 3 Rectangular and Circular Waveguides
LRX1<sup>ΔNT</sup> protein levels in transgenic <i>lrx1</i> and <i>lrx1 lrx2</i> mutants. (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Root material of 10 days-old seedlings was used to detect &lt;i&gt;LRX1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;ΔNT&lt;/sup&gt; with the anti-cmyc antibody 9E10. Protein levels in transgenic &lt;i&gt;lrx1&lt;/i&gt; vary but do not correlate with the inconsistent phenotypes observed in these lines as shown in &lt;a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008847#pgen.1008847.g004" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 4C&lt;/a&gt;. Transgenic &lt;i&gt;lrx1 lrx2&lt;/i&gt; double mutants produce the protein but fail to complement the phenotype as shown in &lt;a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008847#pgen.1008847.g004" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 4C&lt;/a&gt;. Arrow indicates expected band of LRX1&lt;sup&gt;ΔNT&lt;/sup&gt;, which runs at a much higher molecular weight than the calculated 84 kDa, due to glycosylation of the extensin domain.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(PDF)&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Absorption of Imazethapyr by Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) and Maize (Zea mays) Cell Suspension Cultures (1993)

Field trials indicated that addition of ammonium sulfate to imazethapyr plus nonionic surfactant increased quackgrass control, especially at low imazethapyr rates. In greenhouse experiments, approximately twice as much imazethapyr was absorbed by quackgrass leaves when the herbicide was applied in combination with nonionic surfactant plus ammonium sulfate than when the herbicide was applied with nonionic surfactant alone. Black Mexican Sweet maize (BMS) suspension-cultured cells were used to evaluate the effects of ammonium sulfate and nonionic surfactant on cellular absorption of imazethapyr in the absence of a cuticular barrier. Imazethapyr absorption by BMS cells was diffusion-mediated, energy-dependent, and exhibited a pH optimum of approximately 3. Over the concentration range of 0.1 to 10.0 μM, the equilibrium concentration of imazethapyr in BMS cells was a linear function of the external concentration. Addition of ammonium sulfate to the external medium of BMS cells enhanced both the rate of imazethapyr uptake and medium acidification. There was a linear correlation between the ability of ammonium sulfate (0.5 to 10 mM) to promote medium acidification and imazethapyr uptake by BMS cells. The ammonium sulfate-induced stimulation of imazethapyr absorption in BMS cells was sensitive to plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors (sodium vanadate, diethylstilbestrol), the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and energy metabolism inhibitors (sodium azide, nitrogen gas), demonstrating that this effect was dependent on ATP production and the functioning of the plasma membrane ATPase. It is hypothesized that cytoplasmic acidification in BMS cells due to ammonium assimilation stimulates the plasma membrane ATPase to pump protons across the plasma membrane which in turn acidifies the cell wall promoting cellular accumulation of imazethapyr by ion-trapping. Cell wall acidification due to ammonium assimilation may contribute to the ability of ammonium sulfate to enhance the efficacy of imazethapyr and other foliar-applied herbicides.
Tailor‐Made Ruthenium‐Triphos Catalysts for the Selective Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Lactams (2015)

Abstract The development of a tailored tridentate ligand enabled the synthesis of a molecular ruthenium‐triphos catalyst, eliminating dimerization as the major deactivation pathway. The novel catalyst design showed strongly increased performance and facilitated the hydrogenation of highly challenging lactam substrates with unprecedented activity and selectivity.
Well-ordered mesoporous polymers and carbons based on imide-incorporated soft materials (2014)

The preparation of well-ordered functional mesoporous polymers through the direct doping and soft templating approach remains challenging and has so far been only limited to specific systems, because of the difficulty to balance the interaction between templates and precursors. Herein we demonstrate the successful preparation of an imide-functionalized mesoporous polymer and its derived nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon with high regularity, tunable morphology, and high surface area, using highly stable aromatic imide as the nitrogen source. Amic acid, the precursor of imide, undergoes a co-self-assembly process with an amphiphilic block copolymer template and transforms into imide on heating. Upon calcination at 350 °C the template F127 is removed without damaging the imide linkage, leading to a highly ordered polymer network with the intrinsic imide functionality. Further carbonization at 600 °C allows the formation of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon. This newly developed system, which exhibits a high degree of flexibility, allows precise morphological control of 1-dimensional lamellar, 2-dimensional hexagonal and 3-dimensional cubic mesostructures on the basis of adjustments of each component in the system. This homologous series of imide functionalized mesoporous polymers and nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons have potential applications in the field of advanced materials.
Lipopolysaccharide-Specific but Not Anti-Flagellar Immunoglobulin A Monoclonal Antibodies PreventSalmonella entericaSerotype Enteritidis Invasion and Replication within HEp-2 Cell Monolayers (2002)

The protective potential of immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against O and H antigens of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis to prevent bacterial adhesion to and invasion of HEp-2 cells was evaluated. Although anti-flagellar IgA MAbs showed strong agglutinating capacities, they did not protect cell monolayers. In contrast, IgA MAbs specific for the O:9 epitope of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigen alone prevented S. enterica serotype Enteritidis entry and replication within HEp-2 cells, and the protection was not mediated by direct binding of antibodies to bacterial adhesins or by agglutination of microorganisms.
Long and Short Lipid Molecules Experience the Same Interleaflet Drag in Lipid Bilayers (2013)

Membrane interleaflet viscosity ηe affects tether formation, phase separation into domains, cell shape changes, and budding. Contrary to the expected contribution to interleaflet coupling from interdigitation, the slide of lipid patches in opposing monolayers conferred the same value ηe≈3×10(9) J s m-4 for the friction experienced by the ends of both short and long chain fluorescent lipid analogues. Consistent with the weak dependence of the translational diffusion coefficient on lipid length, the in-layer viscosity was, albeit length dependent, much smaller than ηe.
Zur Decarboxylierung einiger Carbonsäuren des Thiazols (1953)

Abstract Thiazole‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid and di‐(thiazolyl‐4)‐acetic acid have been synthesised in order to study their decarboxylation properties.