gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric Field- and Current-Induced Electroforming Modes in NbOx (2020)

Electroforming is used to initiate the memristive response in metal/oxide/metal devices by creating a filamentary conduction path in the oxide film. Here, we use a simple photoresist-based detection technique to map the spatial distribution of conductive filaments formed in Nb/NbO<i><sub>x</sub></i>/Pt devices, and correlate these with current-voltage characteristics and in situ thermoreflectance measurements to identify distinct modes of electroforming in low- and high-conductivity NbO<i><sub>x</sub></i> films. In low-conductivity films, the filaments are randomly distributed within the oxide film, consistent with a field-induced weakest-link mechanism, while in high-conductivity films they are concentrated in the center of the film. In the latter case, the current-voltage characteristics and in situ thermoreflectance imaging show that electroforming is associated with current bifurcation into regions of low and high current density. This is supported by finite element modeling of the current distribution and shown to be consistent with predictions of a simple core-shell model of the current distribution. These results clearly demonstrate two distinct modes of electroforming in the same material system and show that the dominant mode depends on the conductivity of the film, with field-induced electroforming dominant in low-conductivity films and current bifurcation-induced electroforming dominant in high-conductivity films.
Compared effects of three oligosaccharides on metabolism of intestinal microflora in rats inoculated with a human faecal flora (1997)

Using germ-free rats inoculated with a human faecal flora (gnotobiotic rats), the effects of three oligosaccharides (beta-fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), beta-galacto-oligosaccharides (TOS) and alpha-gluco-oligosaccharides (GOS)) on intestinal bacterial metabolism were compared. The animals were fed on either a control diet or diets containing 40 g/kg of GOS, FOS or TOS. FOS and TOS were the preferred growth substrates for Bifidobacteria which increased in number by 2 log values in faeces of rats when compared with rats fed on GOS or control diets. Ingestion of TOS specifically induced hydrolysis of the substrate, and did not modify the activity of any other enzymes measured in the caecum. GOS led to a non-specific enzymic induction of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) activities whereas beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) was lowered. Compared with the control group, FOS and TOS diets led to a significant increase in H2 and CH4 excretion; the GOS diet increased only CH4. Analysis of caecal contents revealed a decrease in pH for all diets compared with controls. Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration increased significantly in all groups, but the SCFA profile differed between treatment groups. It was concluded that the three oligosaccharides studied had different effects which may be linked to their chemical structure. Some of these effects may be beneficial to human health.
Quantitative detection and assessment of schizophrenia using electrovestibulography (2009)

Schizophrenia (SZ) is the most disabling among the psychiatric disorders and associated with multiple abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitter systems. The benefits of a validated, quantitative diagnosis tool are well established. Electrovestibulography (EVestG) can detect and record neural activity of vestibular system and associated pathways by a wavelet based method, named neural event extraction routine, and provide a quantitative indirect measure of activity in brain regions and pathways that are compromised in SZ. We compared EVestG responses of eighteen SZ subjects with twenty one healthy control subjects. A number of biomarkers significantly (pLt0.05) distinguished SZ from normal population. We also found significant correlations between the EVestG responses and positive and negative syndrome rating scale (PANNS) scores and/or disease duration.
Synthesis and Thermal Transitions of Some Liquid Crystalline Oligomers (1989)

Abstract Fourteen aromatic ester oligomers have been synthesised, the majority of which have not been described previously. They can be considered as model compounds for liquid crystalline polyesters, and as such give useful information regarding the relationship between chemical structure and thermal properties. Such oligomers are also potentially important as precursors to liquid crystalline monomers.
Energy-harvesting chips and the quest for everlasting life (2005)

Modern electronics continue to push past boundaries of integration and functional density, towards the elusive completely autonomous self-powered microchip. As systems continue to shrink, however, less energy is available on-board, leading to short device lifetime (runtime or battery life). Research continues to develop higher energy-density batteries but the amount of energy available is not only finite but also low, limiting the system's lifespan, which is paramount in portable electronics. Extended life is also particularly advantageous in systems with limited accessibility, such as biomedical implants and structure-embedded micro-sensors. The ultimate long-lasting solution should therefore be independent of the limited energy available during start-up, which is where a self-renewing energy source comes in, continually replenishing the energy consumed by the micro-system.
Experimental evidence for the lack of stereoselectivity in the electrophilic quench of .alpha.-sulfonyl carbanions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental evidence for the lack of stereoselectivity in the electrophilic quench of .alpha.-sulfonyl carbanionsRichard Vaughan Williams, Geoffrey W. Kelley, Jorg Loebel, Dick Van der Helm, and Philip C. Bulman PageCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 12, 3840–3846Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00299a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00299a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Afterglow and the Host Galaxy of the Dark Burst GRB 970828 (2001)

GRB 970828 was the first well-localized gamma-ray burst (GRB) X-ray afterglow for which no optical afterglow was found despite a prompt, deep search down to R_lim ~ 24.5 mag. We report the discovery of a short-lived radio flare within the X-ray localization error circle of this burst. Such radio flares are seen in about 25% of GRB afterglows and their origin is not well understood. The precise radio position enabled us to identify the likely host galaxy of this burst, and to measure its redshift, z = 0.9578. The host appears to be an interacting/merging system. Under the assumption that the X-ray afterglow is mainly due to synchrotron mechanism we infer the optical afterglow flux. The observed upper limits to the optical flux are easily explained by invoking an intervening dusty cloud within the host galaxy. These observations support the idea that GRBs with no detectable optical afterglows or "dark GRBs" can be due to dust extinction within the host galaxies. The census of dark GRBs can then be used to constrain the fraction of the obscured star formation in the universe. We argue that the existing data already indicate that the obscured star-formation rate is no more than 1/2 of that seen at UV and optical wavelengths.
Meloidogyne enterolobii n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode Parasitizing Pacara Earpod Tree in China. (1983)

Meloidogyne enterolobii n. sp. is described and illustrated from roots of pacara earpod tree, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, on Hainan Island in China. The perineal pattern of the female is usually oval shaped, the striae are fine to coarse, the dorsal arch is moderately high to high and usually rounded, and the phasmids are large. The stylet knobs in females are divided longitudinally by a groove so that each knob appears as two. The mean distance of the excretory pore to the anterior end in the female is 62.9 mum. Males have a large, rounded labial disc that fuses with the medial lips to form a dorso-ventrally elongate head cap. The labial disc is slightly elevated, and the medial lips are crescent shaped. The second-stage juvenile mean body length is 436.6 mum. The lateral lips are large and triangular in face view. The tail is 56.4 mum long and narrow with a broad, bluntly rounded tip. M. enterolobii n. sp reproduces well on E. contortisiliquum and causes severe damage. Other good hosts include cotton, resistant tobacco 'NC 95,' pepper, watermelon, and tomato.
Articulatory features for robust visual speech recognition (2004)

Visual information has been shown to improve the performance of speech recognition systems in noisy acoustic environments. However, most audio-visual speech recognizers rely on a clean visual signal. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to visual speech modeling, based on articulatory features, which has potential benefits under visually challenging conditions. The idea is to use a set of parallel classifiers to extract different articulatory attributes from the input images, and then combine their decisions to obtain higher-level units, such as visemes or words. We evaluate our approach in a preliminary experiment on a small audio-visual database, using several image noise conditions, and compare it to the standard viseme-based modeling approach.
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry (1982)

The present conference on heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry considers such topics concerning clusters, particles and microparticles as common problems in nucleation and growth, chemical kinetics, and catalysis, chemical reactions with aerosols, electron beam studies of natural and anthropogenic microparticles, and structural studies employing molecular beam techniques, as well as such gas-solid interaction topics as photoassisted reactions, catalyzed photolysis, and heterogeneous catalysis. Also discussed are sulfur dioxide absorption, oxidation, and oxidation inhibition in falling drops, sulfur dioxide/water equilibria, the evidence for heterogeneous catalysis in the atmosphere, the importance of heterogeneous processes to tropospheric chemistry, soot-catalyzed atmospheric reactions, and the concentrations and mechanisms of formation of sulfate in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Study of aniline on a Si(111)7×7 surface by scanning tunneling microscopy (2000)

The adsorption of aniline on a Si(111)7×7 surface was examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In the STM images at negative sample bias, aniline molecules were observed as bright ring-like features. We have found that aniline molecules adsorb on the center adatom site, with its amino group oriented to the rest atom site. The differences in reactivity of the various sites on the Si(111)7×7 surface to aniline were observed. The center adatom site is more reactive than the corner adatom site. With increasing aniline exposure, an aniline chain was observed. From the STM images obtained at various sample biases, this aniline chain is seen to have different electronic structure from an aniline molecule singly adsorbed on the Si(111)7×7 surface. This suggests that aniline molecules are associated with each other on the Si(111)7×7 surface.
A case of pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis surviving 50 months after surgery (2012)

症例は60歳，男性．会社の健康診断で肝機能異常を指摘され当院を受診した．腹部CTと超音波検査にて肝腫瘍と膵頭部腫瘍を指摘された．上部消化管内視鏡にて十二指腸に腫瘍の侵潤を認め生検にて膵癌と診断された．肝転移のある膵癌stage IVbであるためgemcitabine/S-1の化学療法を4クール施行した．終了後，腹部造影CTで肝腫瘍と膵腫瘍の30%以上の縮小を認め，上部消化管内視鏡で十二指腸の浸潤が認められなくなった．新しい転移巣も認めないため膵頭十二指腸切除および肝転移巣切除を施行した．以後S-1内服などにより経過を見ているが術後50カ月以上した現在無再発である．膵癌肝転移に対して手術を施行し長期生存した症例は稀と考えられるので，若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する．
Verification of Software (1976)

At the beginning of every software development some concepts of what the system should do are formulated. The verification of the software package produced constitutes confirmation that these concepts are in fact fulfilled.
Multisegment Foot Kinematics During Walking in Younger and Older Adults (2012)

As such, any deviations in motion at this age may be indicative of an underlying disease or disorder.
Radiotherapy augments the immune response to prostate cancer in a time‐dependent manner (2008)

The therapeutic temporal window of immunotherapy post-RT suggests that highly aggressive, immuno-suppressive tumors might be most sensitive to immunotherapy in a fairly narrow time window; these results should help to guide future development of clinical combinatorial strategies.
Common patterns of genetic evolution in human solid tumors (1997)

Human solid tumors develop multiple genetic evolutionary abnormalities as they evolve. Studies that have focused primarily on early colorectal cancer have suggested that genetic instability is a prominent feature of preinvasive disease. At least two separate mechanisms for the generation of genetic instability have been identified. The first, which involves widespread microsatellite instability in near-diploid cells, affects less than one-fifth of colon cancers. The second form of genetic instability is characterized by the development of p53 gene abnormalities that result in gross aneuploidy and multiple structural chromosomal changes. p53/aneuploidy affects most colon cancers, breast cancers, and many other solid tumors. This genetic evolutionary change commonly occurs at the interface between severe dysplasia and invasive disease. Specific post-aneuploid sequences of genetic changes that are relevant to tumor progression often involve the accumulation of multiple gain-of-function abnormalities in individual cells. The co-occurrence of Her-2/neu overexpression and EGF receptor overexpression in the same aneuploid cells defines an adeno/squamous genetic evolutionary sequence that is common to ductal breast cancers, non-small cell lung cancers, and other solid tumors. Later steps in this sequence include ras and c-myc overexpression. The neuroendocrine genetic evolutionary sequence is a separate branch of the p53/aneuploidy sequence with distinctive features that include loss of Rb and raf1 overexpression. Her-2/neu overexpression is not characteristic of this sequence; c-myc amplification/overexpression is common to both p53-associated sequences. The neuroendocrine sequence is found in small cell carcinoma of the lung and in minor proportions of other solid tumors, including breast cancer. Mutiparameter cell-based methods are especially well suited for elucidation in human solid tumors of the genetic evolutionary sequences that could provide a rational scientific basis for determining prognosis and for optimizing therapy in individual cancer patients. Cytometry 29:1–27, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of post-tensioning of a curved continuous girder using long-gauge fiber optic sensors (2014)

Streicker Bridge is a pedestrian bridge on the Princeton University campus. It consists of a main span and four curved continuous girders (legs). The main span and the southeast leg of the bridge are equipped with fiber optic strain and temperature sensors, allowing the bridge to also function as an on-campus laboratory for the Structural Health Monitoring research group. Parallel sensors were embedded at critical cross-sections in the deck prior to the pouring of concrete. The deck of the southeast leg experienced early age cracking within a few days of concrete pouring, which was detected by the strain sensors. Post-tensioning was then performed and it is assumed that it closed off the cracks. Evaluation of post-tensioning forces is complex due to the existence of the cracks, and this paper researches a procedure to estimate the post-tensioning forces at cracked and uncracked locations. The obtained post-tensioning forces were compared to design forces and conclusions regarding the status of post-tensioning were made. This is important as it gives information on the actual health condition and performance of the structure. It also provides information on the safety of the structure. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the evaluation of the post-tensioning force along the deck based on strain measurements. The monitoring system, results, data analysis method, and conclusions regarding the bridge health condition and performance are presented in this paper.
Fast algorithms for projected clustering (1999)

The clustering problem is well known in the database literature for its numerous applications in problems such as customer segmentation, classification and trend analysis. Unfortunately, all known algorithms tend to break down in high dimensional spaces because of the inherent sparsity of the points. In such high dimensional spaces not all dimensions may be relevant to a given cluster. One way of handling this is to pick the closely correlated dimensions and find clusters in the corresponding subspace. Traditional feature selection algorithms attempt to achieve this. The weakness of this approach is that in typical high dimensional data mining applications different sets of points may cluster better for different subsets of dimensions. The number of dimensions in each such cluster-specific subspace may also vary. Hence, it may be impossible to find a single small subset of dimensions for all the clusters. We therefore discuss a generalization of the clustering problem, referred to as the projected clustering problem , in which the subsets of dimensions selected are specific to the clusters themselves. We develop an algorithmic framework for solving the projected clustering problem, and test its performance on synthetic data.
A novel parallel hash function based on 3D chaotic map (2013)

As the core of cryptography, hash function is one of the basic techniques for information security. During the last few years, considerable effort has been devoted to research on chaos-based hash functions. Nevertheless, the corresponding analysis of them lag far behind. In this paper, a new efficient scheme for parallel hash function based on high-dimensional chaotic map is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the confusion as well as the diffusion effect is enhanced significantly by utilizing two nonlinear coupling parameters. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme can satisfy all performance requirements of hash function such as desired statistical properties and strong collision resistance. At the same time, the proposed scheme can keep the parallel merit and message sensitivity with high potential to be adopted for network security.
Rapid Screening for KIT Mutations by Capillary Electrophoresis (2001)

Deletion mutations of the juxtamembrane domain of the KIT protooncogene, which encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor, have been associated with malignant behavior of gastrointestinal stromal/smooth muscle tumors (GISTs) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Identification of KIT mutations in GISTs is clinically useful because metastasis and death may occur in tumors that are histologically and clinically benign (6). Direct sequence analysis is the method of choice for identifying these mutations. To facilitate routine identification of the most common KIT gene mutations associated with malignant behavior, we have developed a fluorescence-based PCR method in which amplified DNA fragments are analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The method can be used to detect mutations of KIT exon 11 in the clinical diagnostic laboratory.

DNA from 25 cases (26 samples) of paraffin-embedded GISTs originating in the small bowel or colon was isolated by previously published methods (5)(7). Briefly, specimens were first deparaffinized with xylene, and then dehydrated with ethanol. …
A novel approach for the extraction of herbicides and pesticides from water using liquid‐core microcapsules (2004)

A novel perstraction system using liquid-core microcapsules for pesticide and herbicide removal from aqueous environments is proposed. The microcapsules contain an oil, dibutyl sebacate, surrounded by a hydrogel membrane. The extraction efficiency of the capsules was demonstrated with atrazine, methylparathion, ethylparathion, and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid. The results show that all of the tested compounds could be rapidly extracted, typically 75% extraction within 10 minutes using a capsule: liquid volume ratio of only 3.5% for ethylparathion, and that the rate of extraction increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the compound to be extracted. Higher rates of extraction could be achieved by changing the capsule: liquid volume ratio. The effect of different liquid core solvents, size of capsules, agitation rate, and treatment with complexing agents on the properties of the microcapsules and extraction rate were studied. Capsules of a diameter smaller than 0.800 mm show little external resistance to mass transfer. The main resistance to mass transfer of the pesticides/herbicides was found to reside in the hydrogel membrane composed of cross-linked alginate/polyacrylamide. Removal of divalent cations from the membrane by the addition of citrate, resulted in a 50% increase in the mass transfer coefficient, probably as a result of solubilization and exo-diffusion of alginate.
On the right track (2011)

The outlook for people with lymphoma is improving as research has increased knowledge of the disease and effective methods to treat it.
Gravimetrically Controlled Efficacy of Subcorial Curettage: A Prospective Study for Treatment of Axillary Hyperhidrosis (2002)

Subcorial curettage is an effective treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis for patients with baseline sweat rates greater than 25 mg/min.