gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T‐cell epitopes recognized within the 65 000 MW hsp in patients‘qc with IgA nephropathy (1997)

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest cause of glomerulonephritis and clinical exacerbation of IgAN is frequently associated with mucosal infection. T-cell receptor gamma delta (TCR gamma delta+) cells are increased in both the circulation and in renal biopsies of patients with progressive IgAN. We examined the hypothesis that specific peptides within the 65,000 MW heat-shock protein (hsp) might stimulate TCR gamma delta cells and play a part in the immunopathogenesis of IgAN. We studied T-cell proliferative responses stimulated by overlapping peptides derived from the sequence of mycobacterial 65,000 MW hsp. Three T-cell epitopes have been identified (peptides 51-65, 71-85 and 281-295). The three peptides have a synergistic effect and they stimulate significantly higher proliferation of T cells in patients with IgAN than in disease or healthy controls. This response was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to TCR gamma delta+ and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I, but not by mAb to HLA class II. The involvement of TCR gamma delta+ cells was confirmed by up-regulation of the proportion of TCR gamma delta+ cells when stimulated with the three specific peptides. We suggest that IgAN might be associated with mucosal infection by a variety of micro-organisms and that peptides within the microbial hsp cross-react with the homologous human hsp which may stimulate TCR gamma delta+ cells and play a part in the pathogenesis of IgAN.
Simulation of the Inner Ear Vibration Using Finite-Element Method: Effect of Insertion of the Cochlear Implant Electrode on Basilar Membrane Vibration (2012)

As a new application of neural prostheses for deafness, electrical stimulation from a cochlear implant is used to complement residual low-frequency hearing. When hearing is preserved, the combination of acoustic hearing in low frequencies and electrical stimulation of high frequencies can lead to very high levels of speech understanding, especially in a noise environment. The combination of electric and acoustic hearing is termed electric acoustic stimulation (EAS). On the other hand there is a very real risk that patients implanted with the cochlear implant may lose a substantial proportion of their residual acoustic hearing at low frequencies. Preservation of the residual hearing is assumed to be influenced by two factors, i.e., the intracochlear trauma caused by insertion of an electrode of a cochlear implant and the change in the dynamics of the basilar membrane (BM). In this study, to clarify the influence of the electrode inserted into the cochlea on the dynamic behavior of the BM, a three-dimensional finite-element model of the human cochlea was created. The traveling wave of the BM caused by the vibration of the stapes was analyzed considering a fluid-structure interaction with the cochlear fluid. Next, the influence of the electrode on the vibration of the BM was examined by inserting the electrode model into the scala tympani of the cochlear model. In order to investigate the effect of the insertion method, the length and position of the electrode and the stiffness of the round window membrane (RWM) were changed. When the electrode was inserted into the cochlea, the amplitude of the BM was suppressed by 10 dB or less at low frequencies compared to the intact cochlea. However, if ossification of the RW was induced (e.g., by using the RW approach), the vibration of the BM was suppressed by 20–40 dB. The degree of the suppression depended on the length and position of the electrode. The characteristic frequency (CF) of the BM in the apex area shifted to the low frequency side if the electrode was located adjacent to the BM. Our computer model analysis showed the cochleostomy approach offers a greater advantage for hearing preservation, because the RWM may become very stiff following electrode insertion via the RW approach.
MPC for max-plus-linear systems: closed-loop behavior and tuning (2001)

Model predictive control (MPC) is a very popular controller design method in the process industry. One of the main advantages of MPC is that it can handle constraints on the inputs and outputs. Usually MPC uses linear discrete-time models. Recently we have extended this framework to max-plus-linear discrete event systems. In this paper we further explore this topic. More specifically, we focus on the closed-loop behavior and on the tuning aspects of MPC for max-plus-linear discrete event systems.
Extracting company names from text (2002)

A detailed description is given of an implemented algorithm that extracts company names automatically from financial news. Extracting company names from text is one problem; recognizing subsequent references to a company is another. The author addresses both problems in an implemented, well-tested module that operates as a detachable process from a set of natural language processing tools. She implements a good algorithm by combining heuristics, exception lists and extensive corpus analysis. The algorithm generates the most likely variations that those names may go by, for use in subsequent retrieval. Tested on over one million words of naturally occurring financial news, the system has extracted thousands of company names with over 95% accuracy (precision) compared to a human, and succeeded in extracting 25% more companies than were indexed by a human.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conducting clinical trials in heart failure during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic: an Expert Consensus Position Paper from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has important implications for the safety of participants in clinical trials and the research staff caring for them and, consequently, for the trials themselves. Patients with heart failure may be at greater risk of infection with COVID-19 and the consequences might also be more serious, but they are also at risk of adverse outcomes if their clinical care is compromised. As physicians and clinical trialists, it is our responsibility to ensure safe and effective care is delivered to trial participants without affecting the integrity of the trial. The social contract with our patients demands no less. Many regulatory authorities from different world regions have issued guidance statements regarding the conduct of clinical trials during this COVID-19 crisis. However, international trials may benefit from expert guidance from a global panel of experts to supplement local advice and regulations, thereby enhancing the safety of participants and the integrity of the trial. Accordingly, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology on 21 and 22 March 2020 conducted web-based meetings with expert clinical trialists in Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Asia. The main objectives of this Expert Position Paper are to highlight the challenges that this pandemic poses for the conduct of clinical trials in heart failure and to offer advice on how they might be overcome, with some practical examples. While this panel of experts are focused on heart failure clinical trials, these discussions and recommendations may apply to clinical trials in other therapeutic areas.
An overview of hierarchical control flow graph models (1995)

Hierarchical control flow graph models define a modeling paradigm for discrete event simulation modeling based upon hierarchical extensions to control flow graph models. Conceptually, models consist of a set of independent, encapsulated, concurrently operating model components where each component has its own thread of control and the components interact with each other solely via message passing. Two primary objectives for hierarchical control flow graph models are: (1) to facilitate model development by making it easier to develop, maintain, and reuse models and model elements and (2) to support the flexible and efficient execution of models. Hierarchical control flow graph models use two complementary types of hierarchical model specification structures, one to specify components and interconnections and the other to specify component behaviors.
Study of decomposition behaviour of absinthin from Artemisia absinthium using LC/MS and LC-SPE-NMR (2009)

Artemisia absinthium L., commonly known as wormwood, is a well-known medicinal plant with monographs in several pharmacopoeas (e.g. Ph.Eur.). The aerial parts are used to treat anorexia and indigestion. Sesquiterpene lactones e.g. absinthin, a dimer guaianolide, and the monomer artabsin account for the bitter taste of this plant. Absinthin is also regarded as marker substance to confirm the authenticity of wormwood.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from A Tumor-Protective Role for Human Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 in Breast Cancer Mediated by Inhibition of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from A Tumor-Protective Role for Human Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 in Breast Cancer Mediated by Inhibition of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Beyond spectrum auctions. Taking the next step to open spectrum access (1997)

While the current system of auctioning exclusive licences may be the best way to allocate new frequencies for today, spectrum auctions may soon become technologically obsolete, economically inefficient, and legally unconstitutional. An alternative is to step beyond the current paradigm of licensed exclusivity to a system of full openness of entry. This would allow access to spectrum bands through access fees that are determined by demand and supply conditions at the time. Prices for access would vary, depending on congestion. Long-term access at a certain price could be obtained by using a futures market. Such a system converts fixed costs of entry into marginal costs of usage, and removes incentives for collusive pricing.
Policies to Reduce Heat Islands: Magnitudes of Benefits and Incentives to Achieve Them (1996)

A ``Cool Communities`` strategy of lighter-colored reroofs and resurfaced pavements, and shade trees, can directly lower annual air conditioning bills in Los Angeles (LA) by about $100 million (M), cool the air in the LA Basin (thereby saving indirectly $70M more in air conditioning), and reduce smog exceedance by about 10%, worth another $360M, for a total savings of about $0.5 billion per year. Trees are most effective if they shade buildings; but they are still very cost effective if they merely cool the air by evapotranspiration. Avoided peak power for air conditioning can be about 1.5GW (more than 15% of LA air conditioning). Extrapolated to the entire US, the authors estimate 20GW avoided and potential annual electricity savings of about $5--10B in 2015. To achieve these savings, they call for ratings and labels for cool materials, buildings` performance standards, utility incentive programs, and an extension of the existing smog-offset trading market (RECLAIM) to include credit for cool surfaces and trees. EPA can include cool materials and trees in its proposed regional ``open market smog-offset trading credits``.
Messa a punto di modelli cellulari umani per lo studio della malattia di Gaucher (2018)

La malattia di Gaucher è un disordine monogenico caratterizzato dal deficit dell’enzima β-glucocerebrosidasi. Dal momento che l’innesco aberrante di meccanismi infiammatori cellulari è un aspetto peculiare della malattia, ci siamo concentrati sullo studio del pathway della necroptosi, forma di morte cellulare programmata dettata dall’infiammazione. Dall’analisi dell’espressione genica e dalla valutazione dei livelli proteici in modelli cellulari Gaucher-like, ottenuti tramite inibizione enzimatica, abbiamo evidenziato come la chinasi RIP1, primo effettore della via di segnalazione sia iperattivato nello stato patologico. Per disporre di un sistema d’analisi più accurato stiamo mettendo a punto modelli che sfruttano cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (iPSCs) derivate da paziente e donatore sano. Tramite gene editing la più comune mutazione puntiforme causante la malattia (N370S), è stata inserita in iPSCs derivate da donatore sano. Le cellule sono state trasfettate, tramite nucleofezione, con il plasmide pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro codificante per la Cas9 e per una guida a RNA in grado di indirizzarne il taglio sito-specifico. La sequenza stampo per l’inserimento della mutazione è stata introdotta sotto forma di DNA a singolo filamento. La presenza della mutazione è stata verificata tramite PCR effettuata con primer specifici su pool di cellule trasfettate. Parallelamente, da cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico di un paziente Gaucher con mutazione N370S/L444P sono state ottenute iPSCs grazie a trasduzione con i vettori virali Sendai codificanti per i fattori di riprogrammazione: Klf4, cMyc e KOS. Il monitoraggio del differenziamento verso destino ematopoietico sarà portato avanti concentrandosi nello specifico sul tipo cellulare macrofagico in quanto maggior target dell’accumulo sfingolipidico caratterizzante la malattia.
Relationship between Urinary Excretion Rate, Steady-State Plasma Levels and Diuretic Response of Furosemide in the Rat (1979)

The purpose of the present study was to determine if furosemide's active transport process could be saturated at therapeutic concentrations and to define a relationship between furosemide in a measurable sampling compartment and its diuretic effect. The experiments utilized Sprague-Dawley rats, ranging in weight from 248 to 313 g, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg). The femoral artery and vein as well as the bladder were cannulated, and samples were taken to measure inulin and furosemide concentrations. 28 rats were infused, after a suitable loading dose (0.5--1.5 mg/kg), to steady-state plasma furosemide levels over the therapeutic concentration range 0.8--25.1 micrograms/ml. Total renal clearance (corrected for kidney function as measured by inulin clearance) showed a negative correlation with plasma concentration (r = -0.655 p less than 0.001), and a good correlation was found between urine flow rate and the urinary excretion rate of furosemide (r = 0.777, p less than 0.001). Steady-state plasma levels of furosemide showed a poor correlation with urine flow rate (r = 0.377, p greater than 0.10).
Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a propensity score-matched case-control study (2016)

Previous studies indicated that dietary patterns were associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), but little is known in Chinese. We design this case-control study to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and MS in Chinese adults. In this study, 1492 participants with MS were matched with 1492 controls using the 1:1 ratio propensity score matching methods. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and MS was defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Heart Association scientific statement of 2009. Higher scores for the high-protein/cholesterol pattern were associated with higher prevalence of MS. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for the extreme quartile was 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.68) and the P for trend <0.01 after adjusted for the other two dietary pattern scores. We also found a moderate consumption of the balanced pattern was associated with the lowest prevalence of MS. The ORs across quartiles of the balanced pattern were 1 (reference), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.68-1.02), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.56-0.85), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.68-1.04) after adjustment. Our study demonstrates that there is a strong association between a diet rich in animal offal, animal blood, meat, and sausage and a higher prevalence of MS.
A proposal for digital library protection (2003)

We propose systematic digital library protection by patentable content-based retrieval processes, especially on image digital libraries in specified domains, without any excessively exclusive protection in general domains.
Continuous-Time Day-Ahead Operation of Multienergy Systems (2020)

Multienergy systems (MESs), as coupling of various energy sectors, can offer appropriate solutions to the operation of energy systems. The flexibility introduced by energy diversity can leverage the operation of MESs in supplying different energy demands, e.g., electricity, heat, etc. This article presents a continuous-time optimization framework for the day-ahead operation of MESs, where a function space solution method is proposed to reduce the dimensionality of the proposed model. The proposed methodology projects the day-ahead model into a finite-dimensional function space spanned by Bernstein polynomials and converts the problem with an indefinite dimension into a finite-order mixed-integer linear programming problem that can be easily solved with commercial solvers. The main purpose of the proposed framework is to model the parameter and decision trajectories of MESs in a way to reduce the day-ahead energy load approximation errors and minimize the costs associated with net-load deviations in real-time operation. In this way, the flexibility introduced by the operation of different energy units in MESs can be efficiently captured to further improve the performance of such systems. The proposed optimization framework is studied regarding four test MESs and the results for multiple cases are presented and compared. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology in capturing the load approximation errors, as it gives a better solution to the cost-efficient operation of MESs at a reasonable computational time.
GENERATION AND DIELS–ALDER REACTION OF 1-SILOXY-3-ARYLISOBENZOFURANS FROM 3-ARYLPHTHALIDES (1984)

Abstract 1-t-Butyldimethylsiloxy-3-arylisobenzofurans, a new type of isobenzofurans, were generated from 3-arylphthalides by sequential treatment with LDA and TBDMSCl. The isobenzofurans, thus formed, were intercepted in situ by dimethyl fumarate to give stable Diels–Alder adducts in good yields. These adducts were converted into 4-aryl-1-naphthols by acid treatment. This new route for the preparation of naphthols was applied to the synthesis of natural arylnaphthalide lignan, diphyllin.
Multiple functions of gingival and mucoperiosteal fibroblasts in oral wound healing and repair (2015)

Fibroblasts are cells of mesenchymal origin. They are responsible for the production of most extracellular matrix in connective tissues and are essential for wound healing and repair. In recent years, it has become clear that fibroblasts from different tissues have various distinct traits. Moreover, wounds in the oral cavity heal under very special environmental conditions compared with skin wounds. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the various interconnected functions of gingival and mucoperiosteal fibroblasts during the repair of oral wounds. The MEDLINE database was searched with the following terms: (gingival OR mucoperiosteal) AND fibroblast AND (wound healing OR repair). The data gathered were used to compare oral fibroblasts with fibroblasts from other tissues in terms of their regulation and function during wound healing. Specifically, we sought answers to the following questions: (i) what is the role of oral fibroblasts in the inflammatory response in acute wounds; (ii) how do growth factors control the function of oral fibroblasts during wound healing; (iii) how do oral fibroblasts produce, remodel and interact with extracellular matrix in healing wounds; (iv) how do oral fibroblasts respond to mechanical stress; and (v) how does aging affect the fetal-like responses and functions of oral fibroblasts? The current state of research indicates that oral fibroblasts possess unique characteristics and tightly controlled specific functions in wound healing and repair. This information is essential for developing new strategies to control the intraoral wound-healing processes of the individual patient.
Extended Aggregation Relationships for Process Specification and Enactment in Active Databases (2000)

: Process specification in a variety of domains, such as experiment modeling, work-flow modeling, and process-flows in semiconductor manufacturing, is typically characterized by recursive specification in terms of sequences and alternatives. A variety of models have been proposed for the specification of such processes. In particular, object-orientated techniques have been used for achieving various desirable features (e.g., reusability, maintainability, etc.) in the process specification and active databases have been suggested as possible platforms for process enactment. However, on the one hand object-oriented models for process specification lack an important feature of object-orientation, namely the ability to organize processes as classes with inheritance support, and on the other hand various problems, such as lack of methodological support for active rule definition, analysis, and maintenance, stand in the way of successfully employing active database technology for process ena...
Laser droplet weld: an innovative joining technology opens new application possibilities (2003)

"Laser Droplet Welding" is an innovative joining technology. The welding is realised by a laser generated liquid metal droplet which is deposited onto the parts to be joined. The raw material is a metal wire. In conventional laser welding a gap between the parts worsens the quality of the laser welded joint substantially. Contrarily a droplet offers sufficient material to bridge gaps. Even different gap sizes can be bridged by a suitable selection of the droplet size. A further advantage is the controllable heat transfer, only given by the heat content of a single drop that is sufficient to produce a high-temperature weld. The droplet heating provides the opportunity to weld small devices, thin coatings and even heat sensitive components without negative influence on their mechanical and electrical function. It is also possible to interconnect different materials by the addition of material supplied in form of drops. With the Laser Droplet Weld it is furthermore possible to join high reflective materials. This article describes the process and the system technology as well as achieved results. It will mainly focus on the droplet detachment which influences the complete process, e.g. the heat quantity or weld splashes.
Subwavelength Imaging Using Phase-Conjugating Nonlinear Nanoantenna Arrays (2011)

We investigate the use of nonlinear metasurfaces formed by plasmonic nanoantennas loaded with χ(3) nonlinear elements, in order to realize subwavelength imaging based on phase conjugation and time reversal. The nanoantennas' plasmonic resonance is used to boost the nonlinear response over an ultrathin surface, meeting the conditions for efficient phase conjugation necessary for imaging applications. Pairing two such surfaces, we put forward a realistic design for a time-reversal 'perfect lens', which can overcome the limitations in resolution and sensitivity to losses typical of negative-index lenses.
Epileptiform discharges in benign focal epilepsy of childhood. (2000)

The electroclinical syndrome of benign focal epilepsy of childhood has been the subject of intense investigation over the past fifty years. Characteristic findings, over the years, of its signature electroencephalographic discharge, including morphology, topography, field of distribution, activation and reactivity will be presented and discussed.