gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Parameters for Flat-Panel Detector Digital Tomosynthesis (2010)

Digital tomosynthesis is a novel technique that allows easy and swift volume data acquisition in selected regions of the body. However, many radiologists and technologists are unfamiliar with this technique and the potential artifacts related to data acquisition. Digital tomosynthesis requires a single linear sweep of the x-ray tube assembly with corresponding tomographic reconstruction of large-area flat-panel detector radiographic data. Standard acquisition parameters include sweep angle, sweep direction, patient barrier-object distance, number of projections, and total radiation dose. Potential acquisition-related artifacts include blurring-ripple, ghost artifact-distortion, poor spatial resolution, image noise, and metallic artifact. A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between acquisition parameters and potential associated artifacts is critical to optimizing acquisition technique and avoiding misinterpretation of artifacts. Sweep direction should be chosen on the basis of the anatomy of interest and the purpose of the examination so as to reduce the influence of blurring-ripple, ghost artifact-distortion, and metallic artifact. Adjusting the sweep angle, number of projections, and radiation dose will optimize depth resolution, avoid ripple in the sections of interest, and reduce unnecessary radiation exposure without compromising image quality. Thus, it is important that the radiologist and technologist establish appropriate protocols for different examination types to allow optimal utilization of this novel imaging technique.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 14-Membered Benzomacrolides, as Galbonolide Analogues (2004)

Asymmetric total synthesis of benzene analogues of galbonolide, a 14-membered antifungal macrolide, possessing a benzene ring instead of a conjugated diene structure, was achieved starting from chiral 1-aryl-1-propanol obtained by enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution with high enantioselectivity. Representatively, a method for the introduction of a methylthio and chloride function at the vinyl position was also established. The resulting analogues unfortunately exhibited very little antifungal potency in comparison with galbonolide A.
Intranasal naloxone in suspected opioid overdose (2006)

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether intransasal naloxone is effective in suspected opiate overdose. 596 papers were screened, of which eight presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. The clinical bottom line is that it is likely that intranasal Naloxone is a safe and effective first line prehospital intervention in reversing the effects of an Opioid overdose and helping to reduce the risk of needle stick injury. A large, well conducted trial into it's usage is however required to confirm this.
Privacy-Preserving Location Sharing Services for Social Networks (2016)

A common functionality of many location-based social networking applications is a location sharing service that allows a group of friends to share their locations. With a potentially untrusted server, such a location sharing service may threaten the privacy of users. Existing solutions for Privacy-Preserving Location Sharing Services (PPLSS) require a trusted third party that has access to the exact location of all users in the system or rely on expensive algorithms or protocols in terms of computational or communication overhead. Other solutions can only provide approximate query answers. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new encryption notion, called Order-Retrievable Encryption (ORE), for PPLSS for social networking applications. The distinguishing characteristics of our PPLSS are that it (1) allows a group of friends to share their exact locations without the need of any third party or leaking any location information to any server or users outside the group, (2) achieves low computational and communication cost by allowing users to receive the exact location of their friends without requiring any direct communication between users or multiple rounds of communication between a user and a server, (3) provides efficient query processing by designing an index structure for our ORE scheme, (4) supports dynamic location updates, and (5) provides personalized privacy protection within a group of friends by specifying a maximum distance where a user is willing to be located by his/her friends. Experimental results show that the computational and communication cost of our PPLSS is much better than the state-of-the-art solution.
Who kicks whom? 1 Contextual and Temporal Effects in the IT Use - Performance Relationship (2015)

This research extends extant literature examining the relationship between IS use and performance. While prior theory has predominantly treated IS use as an antecedent of performance and hypothesized a positive effect of use on performance, this research provides an alternative perspective. Specifically, this paper theorizes that under certain contexts performance can be an antecedent of use and that the effect can be in the opposite direction. In contrast to non-contingent models, this paper proposes a contingent model in which the IS use-performance relationship is contingent on organizational performance and varies over time. The model proposed here is tested on longitudinal data. Distributed lag model was employed for data analysis. The results support our hypotheses that performance is an antecedent of IS use and that the effect is negative, i.e. When organizational performance declines, IS use increases but after a period of increased use, the effect declines to non-significant levels.
Tn5401 disruption of the spo0F gene, identified by direct chromosomal sequencing, results in CryIIIA overproduction in Bacillus thuringiensis (1994)

The Bacillus thuringiensis spo0F gene was identified by chromosomal DNA sequencing of sporulation mutants derived from a B. thuringiensis transposon insertion library. A spo0F defect in B. thuringiensis, which was suppressed by multicopy hknA or kinA, resulted in the overproduction of the CryIIIA insecticidal crystal protein.
Apolipoprotein E-Mimetics Inhibit Neurodegeneration and Restore Cognitive Functions in a Transgenic Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

The development of neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits was corrected by injections of COG112 or COG133, novel mimetics of apolipoprotein-E (apoE) with neuroprotective activities.
Neosquamous Epithelium Does Not Typically Arise from Barrett's Epithelium (2006)

Our mutational data support the hypothesis that, in most circumstances, NSE originates in cells different from those responsible for self-renewal of Barrett's epithelium. However, in one case, NSE and Barrett's epithelium seem to have arisen from a progenitor cell that was capable of differentiating into either intestinal metaplasia or NSE.
An innovative concept of use of redox-active electrolyte in asymmetric capacitor based on MWCNTs/MnO2 and Fe2O3 thin films (2016)

In present investigation, we have prepared a nanocomposites of highly porous MnO<sub>2</sub> spongy balls and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in thin film form and tested in novel redox-active electrolyte (K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] doped aqueous Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) for supercapacitor application. Briefly, MWCNTs were deposited on stainless steel substrate by "dip and dry" method followed by electrodeposition of MnO<sub>2</sub> spongy balls. Further, the supercapacitive properties of these hybrid thin films were evaluated in hybrid electrolyte ((K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub> doped aqueous Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). Thus, this is the first proof-of-design where redox-active electrolyte is applied to MWCNTs/MnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid thin films. Impressively, the MWCNTs/MnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid film showed a significant improvement in electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 1012 Fg<sup>-1</sup> at 2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> current density in redox-active electrolyte, which is 1.5-fold higher than that of conventional electrolyte (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). Further, asymmetric capacitor based on MWCNTs/MnO<sub>2</sub> hybrid film as positive and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin film as negative electrode was fabricated and tested in redox-active electrolytes. Strikingly, MWCNTs/MnO<sub>2</sub>//Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> asymmetric cell showed an excellent supercapacitive performance with maximum specific capacitance of 226 Fg<sup>-1</sup> and specific energy of 54.39 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at specific power of 667 Wkg<sup>-1</sup>. Strikingly, actual practical demonstration shows lightning of 567 red LEDs suggesting "ready-to sell" product for industries.
Baseline serum level of matrix metalloproteinase‐3 as a biomarker of progressive joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients (2014)

Serum baseline levels of MMP-3 are strong prognostic markers of disease activity, and act well as an early predictor of progressive joint damage in recent-onset RA disease.
Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bio-diesel by-products (Jatropha seedcake) by steam activation (2012)

Activated carbon was prepared using bio-diesel waste (Jatropha seedcake) by conventional carbonization followed by steam activation process on a laboratory scale. Preliminary tests were conducted to investigate the influences of different operating parameters, such as initial material size, pyrolysis temperature and hold time on the properties of pyrolized chars. To determine the optimum conditions for producing activated carbon, the effect of activation temperature and activation time have been studied. The maximum BET surface area of 613.43 m2/g and highest methylene blue adsorption capacity of 8.27 mg/g was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C for hold time 1.5 hr followed by steam activation at a temperature of 800°C for a hold time of 1 hr. The produced activated carbon was almost like ash at 900°C. FT-IR and TG/DTA have been done in order to understand the structural changes during the process. The waste material was a suitable raw material for the production of good quality activated carbon. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13056 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 257-264, 2012
Temperature characteristics of bipolar cascade lasers (2000)

The temperature characteristics of bipolar cascade lasers operating up to 80 °C with room temperature, continuous-wave differential slope efficiencies of 93%, are reported. The continuous-wave characteristic lasing threshold temperature, T0, of the device is found to be 103 K for heatsink temperatures below 40 °C, dropping to 56 K for heatsink temperatures in the range 50–80 °C. Two separate regions are found to exist for the characteristic temperature of the differential slope efficiency, T1. The temperature of the topside metal contact versus bias was measured directly using a microthermocouple probe. Finite element modeling showed good agreement with measured surface temperatures. The simulations indicate that, prior to the onset of lasing in the bottom active region, nonradiative recombination heating in the bottom active region significantly heats the (lasing) top active region, leading to a reduction in the differential slope efficiency of the bipolar cascade laser.
Robust Fault-Tolerant Flight Control using a New Failure Parameterization (2007)

Most available approaches for adaptive accommodation of failures in flight control actuators result in a large number of parameters that need to be adjusted on-line. In this paper we propose a new failure parameterization that models a large class of failures in terms of a single parameter. The class of failures includes lock-in-place (LIP), float, hard- over and loss of effectiveness (LOE). It is shown that the new parameterization accurately models this class of failures, and that the resulting model can be used for observer design to estimate the uncertain parameters on-line. The use of the resulting estimates in the adaptive reconfigurable control law at every instant is shown to result in a stable closed-loop system. The estimation and control algorithms are integrated within the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</i> -FLARE ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</i> -parameterized Fast on-Line Actuator Reconfiguration Enhancement) architecture. Properties of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</i> -FLARE and convergence properties of the failure parameter estimates are illustrated through simulations of F/A-18 aircraft dynamics under multiple flight-critical failures.
Injectable DaxibotulinumtoxinA in Cervical Dystonia: A Phase 2 Dose‐Escalation Multicenter Study (2018)

Preliminary assessments suggest that injectable daxibotulinumtoxinA at doses up to 450 U is well tolerated and may offer prolonged efficacy in the treatment of cervical dystonia. Further studies involving larger numbers of patients are now warranted.
Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma Excision Combined with Reconstructive Surgery. (1997)

Three cases of cardiac papillary fibroelastomas are described. Two-dimensional echocardiography detected the tumors in the mitral valve, the cordae tendinae and in the apex of the left ventricle--a unique location. The tumor excisions were combined with bypass operation, mitral valve reconstruction, repair of cordae tendinae and Maze-procedure. The three patients are doing well after surgery.
Native and activated properdin: interconvertibility and identity of amino- and carboxy-terminal sequences. (1980)

The development of a two-step purification procedure of native properdin with good yield has allowed the physical and chemical comparison of native and activated properdin. The two forms of properdin have identical electrophoretic mobility, subunit size, and amino- as well as carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences. The two forms of properdin can be interconverted by using mild denaturing agents, indicating that the change in biologic activity is conformational. Circular dichroism analysis of properdin reveals a significant variability in the tertiary structure. However, the differences are a result of the method of purification and do not correspond to the biologic activity of the protein, because the spectra of the interconverted forms of properdin do not change. This indicates that the conformational transition that causes biologic activity changes is small, relative to the conformational variations produced by other conditions that do not alter the biologic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: C1TET‐TTF and Its Related Compounds as Single Component Molecular Conductors (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of a deep learning-accelerated T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequence and its conventional counterpart for female pelvic MRI: reduced acquisition times and improved image quality (2022)

Compared with standard TSE, deep learning-accelerated T2-weighted TSE is feasible to reduce acquisition time of female pelvic MRI with significant improvement of image quality.
Predictive Multiple Metrics in Proactive Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing (2007)

In this paper we present a MANET proactive routing enhancement scheme by comprehensive evaluation of multiple dynamic routing metrics, including delay, energy cost, and link stability. We developed efficient routing metric prediction methods: predicting delay and energy using double exponential smoothing, and predicting link stability using a heuristic based on the normal-like distributions of the link lifetimes in typical MANET mobility scenarios. The routing metrics predictions are incorporated with regular routing information exchanges. On each node, routing table is constructed by a modified version of Dijkstra's algorithm, which evaluates the predicted metrics values compositively. We integrated such a multi-metric prediction/evaluation mechanism into OLSR and name it OLSR MC. We show by simulation that OLSR MC is more adaptive to the network dynamics and therefore is able to improve performance significantly on multiple routing objectives, including higher packet delivery ratio, shorter average end-to- end delay, and prolonged network energy lifetime.
Structural environment and oxidation state of Mn in goethite-groutite solid-solutions (2001)

Both X-ray absorption and diffraction techniques were used to study the structural environment and oxidation state of Mn in goethite-groutite solid solutions, α-MnxFe1-xOOH, with xMn ≤ 0.47. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was employed to investigate the statistical long-range structure. The results suggest that increasing xMn leads to a gradual elongation of Fe and Mn occupied octahedra which, in turn, causes a gradual increase of the lattice parameter a and a gradual decrease of b and c in line with Vegard's law. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra at the MnKα and FeKα edges revealed, however, that the local structure around Fe remains goethite-like for xMn ≤ 0.47, while the local structure around Mn is goethite-like for xMn ≤ 0.13, but groutite-like for higher xMn. The spectral observations were confirmed by XAFS-derived metal distances showing smaller changes around Fe and larger changes around Mn as compared with those determined by XRD. Therefore, the XAFS results indicate formation of groutite-like clusters in the goethite host structure for xMn > 0.13, which remain undetected by XRD. The first prominent resonance peak in the X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) of the Mn goethites was 17.2 to 17.8 eV above the Fermi level of Mn (6539 eV), in line with that of Mn3+ reference compounds, and well separated from that of Mn2+ and Mn4+ compounds. Therefore, Mn in goethite is dominantly trivalent regardless of whether the samples were derived from Mn2+ or Mn3+ solutions. This may indicate a catalytic oxidation of Mn2+ during goethite crystal growth similar to that found at the surface of Mn oxides.
Achieving 0.4-mm FWHM spatial resolution with an RPC-based small-animal PET prototype (2013)

We present experimental results obtained with a two-head prototype of a small-animal positron emission tomograph based on resistive plate chamber detectors (RPC-PET). A planar <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na disk source was imaged. The maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) reconstruction of the acquired data yielded a resolution of 0.4mm full width at half maximum (FWHM). Each of the two detectors utilized in this work had an effective front face of 6.4 cm × 6.4 cm and consisted of 5 gas gaps with a total thickness of 5 mm. The data included lines of response (LORs) inclined up to 58 °, demonstrating the parallax-free property of RPC-PET.
Internal Transfer Case Controls for Four Wheel Drive Vehicles (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Transfer case drive assemblies for four wheel drive vehicles have changed drastically to improve fuel economy. New designs have also improved driver ease of operation. This paper describes three new internal transfer case control systems which enhance driver operation and control of four wheel drive vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering: contribution of stem cells in organ transplantation (2009)

aDepartment of Surgery, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA bDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Correspondence to Kenneth L. Brayman, MD, PhD, Professor of Surgery, Director, Renal, Pancreas, Islet Transplant Programs, Director, Center for Cellular Transplantation and Therapeutics, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709, USA Tel: +1 434 924 9370; fax: +1 434 924 5539; e-mail: [email protected]
Dynamic Chirality in the Mechanism of Action of Allosteric CD36 Modulators of Macrophage-Driven Inflammation (2019)

Dynamic chirality influences numerous processes in nature from protein folding to catalysis. Azapeptides are peptidomimetics possessing semicarbazide residues that can interconvert between sp<sup>2</sup> and sp<sup>3</sup> hybridization, resulting in stereodynamic interconversions of pseudo-<i>R</i> and -<i>S</i>-configurations by means of a planar intermediate. Cyclic azapeptides have shown unprecedented binding affinity to the cluster of differentiation 36 receptor (CD36) and ability to mitigate macrophage-driven inflammation by modulation of the toll-like receptor 2/6 pathway. A novel approach to synthesize cyclic peptides via A<sup>3</sup>-macrocyclization has been used to make <i>R</i>- and <i>S</i>-configuration controls to study the relevance of semicarbazide hybridization for modulator activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of potent cyclic azapeptide CD36 modulators (e.g., <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>) and related cyclic peptides demonstrated that binding affinity correlated with conformational rigidity, and a hybridization preference for sp<sup>2</sup> > <i>S</i>- > <i>R</i>-sp<sup>3</sup> semicarbazide nitrogen configuration was evaluated. Evidence of the active conformation and the relevance for dynamic chirality serve as insights for creating cyclic (aza)peptide CD36 modulators to curb inflammation.
Induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis by pharmacological and conspecific associated compounds in the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans (1997)

Field populations of the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans occur in dense aggregations Preliminary laboratory assays showed that planktonic larvae H. elegans from Hong Kong waters did not settle and metamorphose without proper chemical cues and could remain planktonic u p to 14 d In laboratory culture. Adult H. elegans capture conspecific larvae with feeding tentacles but cannot readily consume older, competent larvae. Contact between adult feeding tentacles and larvae may increase larval exposure to adult associated inductive con~pounds. In thls study, we tested the effects of homogenates of adult worms and their tubes, as well as a variety of artificial inducers, on settlement and metamorphos~s of H. elegans larvae. Conspecific adult homogenates Induced 39 and 82 "A of larvae to settle and metamorphose w ~t h i n a period of 2 and 4 d, respectively. Homogenates of the adult tube alone did not induce settlement, indicating that the Inducer originates from the worm. Extraction and assays on crushed adult homogenates revealed that the induct~ve compounds from adults are smaller than 10000 daltons and can be bound to amberlite XAD-7. Further isolation and identificatlon of the conspeciflc associated inducer will enable studies of chemoreceptors and signaling pathways involved in metamorphosis. Additionally, among 5 artificial inducers tested, isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX) induced a high percentage of normal metamorphosis while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), choline chloride, dihydroxyphenyl L-alanine (L-DOPA), and potassium chloride evoked a low percentage of settlement, but abnormal metamorphosis. Ammonia had no effect on the metamorphosis of H. elegans.
COPD exacerbation frequency and its association with health care resource utilization and costs (2015)

COPD patients frequently experience exacerbations. Increasing exacerbation frequency is associated with a multiplicative increase in all-cause and COPD-related costs. This underscores the importance of identifying COPD patients at risk of having frequent exacerbations for appropriate disease management.
Cellulose functionalization: comparison between wet-chemistry hydrophobization vs. photopolymerization (2018)

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