gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time gating for the elimination of interferences in electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTime gating for the elimination of interferences in electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometryM. W. Tikkanen and T. M. NiemczykCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 2, 366–370Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00293a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00293a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptations of lateral hand movements to early and late visual occlusion in catching (2008)

Recent studies suggested that the control of hand movements in catching involves continuous vision-based adjustments. More insight into these adjustments may be gained by examining the effects of occluding different parts of the ball trajectory. Here, we examined the effects of such occlusion on lateral hand movements when catching balls approaching from different directions, with the occlusion conditions presented in blocks or in randomized order. The analyses showed that late occlusion only had an effect during the blocked presentation, and early occlusion only during the randomized presentation. During the randomized presentation movement biases were more leftward if the preceding trial was an early occlusion trial. The effect of early occlusion during the randomized presentation suggests that the observed leftward movement bias relates to the rightward visual acceleration inherent to the ball trajectories used, while its absence during the blocked presentation seems to reflect trial-by-trial adaptations in the visuomotor gain, reminiscent of dynamic gain control in the smooth pursuit system. The movement biases during the late occlusion block were interpreted in terms of an incomplete motion extrapolation--a reduction of the velocity gain--caused by the fact that participants never saw the to-be-extrapolated part of the ball trajectory. These results underscore that continuous movement adjustments for catching do not only depend on visual information, but also on visuomotor adaptations based on non-visual information.
Analyse zur Zellinternen Befeuchtung eines Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzellenstapels (2012)

Es wird das Prinzip der Zellinternen Befeuchtung eines Brennstoffzellenstapels vorgestellt. Mit diesem Konzept zur Gasbefeuchtung einer Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzelle kann die Systemkomplexität eines Brennstoffzellenaggregates verringert und die Leistungsfähigkeit gesteigert werden. Diese Arbeit umfasst theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen, um die Machbarkeit und Grenzen der Zellinternen Befeuchtung aufzuzeigen. Die Zellinterne Befeuchtung besteht aus wasserdurchlässigen Flächen, welche an die aktive Fläche der Membran-Elektroden-Einheit einer Polymerelektrolytmembran-Brennstoffzelle angrenzen. Für eine qualitative Untersuchung der Zellinternen Befeuchtung wird ein analytisches Berechnungsmodell erarbeitet, welches den Wassertransport durch die Befeuchtungs-flächen beschreibt. Das Modell ermittelt den durch die Befeuchtungsfläche übertragenen Wassermassenstrom in Abhängigkeit der einströmenden trockenen Gasmassenströme, deren Wasserdampfpartialdrücke und der wirksamen Übertragungsfläche. Aufbauend auf einer theoretischen Herleitung wird praktisch bewiesen, dass eine mit zwei Stoffströmen gespeiste Stoffübertragungsapparatur eine funktionale Betriebscharakteristik analog zu einem Wärmeübertrager aufzeigt. Die Zellinterne Befeuchtung wird auf experimentellem Wege, anhand aufgenommener Polarisationskurven, quantitativ analysiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Zellinterne Befeuchtung eine deutliche Leistungssteigerung von Brennstoffzellenaggregaten erreicht werden kann.
HOXB9 Promotes the Acquisition of Tumorigenic Phenotypes in Mammary Epithelial Cells. (2009)

Abstract Background:The class I HOX gene family consists of 39 members with a shared highly conserved 61-amino acid homeodomain motif. HOX genes are important regulators of developmental processes, and their role in neoplastic transformation and tumor progression is increasingly recognized (Abate-Shen et al., Nat Rev Cancer, 2002; Cantile et al., Eur J Cancer, 2003). However, the molecular mechanisms by which HOX proteins promote tumorigenesis is not well understood. We recently, observed that HOXB9, a 9th HOX gene paralogue involved in mouse mammay gland development, is deregulated in breast cancer and enhanced expression correlated with high tumor grade. A role for elevated HoxB9 expression in breast tumor progression is demontrated by its ability to activate the ErbB and TGF-B pathways which influence tumor-associated phenotypes in cells.Methods and results:Overexpression of HOXB9 was found in 43% of primary breast cancer by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (Figure 1A) and correlated with high tumor grade. Ectopic expression of HOXB9 in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells induced EMT, cell migration, invasion (Figure 1B, and 1C). It also increased the expression of angiogenic factors, which enhance the formation of new vessels in mouse dorsal air sac model. Conversely, genetic ablation of endogenous HOXB9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suppresses their motility and angiogenic potential. Further, we confirmed that HOXB9-induced tumor phenotypes arise through the activation of both ErbB-AKT and TGFß signaling pathways. Finally, in mouse xenograft model, we observed that HOXB9 cooperates with activated H-Ras to transform mammary epithelial cells leading to large, vascularized and invasive tumors (Figure 2).Discussion:Our findings imply that overexpression of HOXB9 in human breast cancer contributes to tumor progression through activation of signaling pathways that alter both tumor-specific cell fates and tumor-stromal microenvironment, leading to increased invasion and metastasis. It is suggested that combined suppression of ErbB and TGFß signaling pathways to target breast cancers overexpressing HOXB9 may be effective in tumor inhibition. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6145.
Perovskite Solar Cells: High‐Performance Inverted Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Lead Acetate Precursor with Efficiency Exceeding 18% (Adv. Funct. Mater. 20/2016) (2016)

Methylammonium bromide is used as an additive in the lead acetate-based precursor solution for perovskite solar cells by T. P. Russell, R. Zhu, and co-workers on page 3508. This is found to significantly improved perovskite film quality and optoelectronic properties. The optimized device delivers a power conversion efficiency of 18.3%, holding promise for highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
GRASP: a search algorithm for propositional satisfiability (1999)

This paper introduces GRASP (Generic seaRch Algorithm for the Satisfiability Problem), a new search algorithm for Propositional Satisfiability (SAT). GRASP incorporates several search-pruning techniques that proved to be quite powerful on a wide variety of SAT problems. Some of these techniques are specific to SAT, whereas others are similar in spirit to approaches in other fields of Artificial Intelligence. GRASP is premised on the inevitability of conflicts during the search and its most distinguishing feature is the augmentation of basic backtracking search with a powerful conflict analysis procedure. Analyzing conflicts to determine their causes enables GRASP to backtrack nonchronologically to earlier levels in the search tree, potentially pruning large portions of the search space. In addition, by "recording" the causes of conflicts, GRASP can recognize and preempt the occurrence of similar conflicts later on in the search. Finally, straightforward bookkeeping of the causality chains leading up to conflicts allows GRASP to identify assignments that are necessary for a solution to be found. Experimental results obtained from a large number of benchmarks indicate that application of the proposed conflict analysis techniques to SAT algorithms can be extremely effective for a large number of representative classes of SAT instances.
word2vec Parameter Learning Explained (2014)

The word2vec model and application by Mikolov et al. have attracted a great amount of attention in recent two years. The vector representations of words learned by word2vec models have been shown to carry semantic meanings and are useful in various NLP tasks. As an increasing number of researchers would like to experiment with word2vec or similar techniques, I notice that there lacks a material that comprehensively explains the parameter learning process of word embedding models in details, thus preventing researchers that are non-experts in neural networks from understanding the working mechanism of such models. This note provides detailed derivations and explanations of the parameter update equations of the word2vec models, including the original continuous bag-of-word (CBOW) and skip-gram (SG) models, as well as advanced optimization techniques, including hierarchical softmax and negative sampling. Intuitive interpretations of the gradient equations are also provided alongside mathematical derivations. In the appendix, a review on the basics of neuron networks and backpropagation is provided. I also created an interactive demo, wevi, to facilitate the intuitive understanding of the model.
Thermochemistry of double carbonates in the K2CO3-CaCO3system (1997)

Enthalpies of formation, DHf, of the double carbonates K2Ca(CO3)2 (with two poly- morphs, butschliite and fairchildite) and K 2Ca2(CO3)3 from the components K2CO3 and CaCO3 were determined at 298 K by drop solution calorimetry in molten 2PbO·B2O3 at 974 K. The enthalpies of formation were 238.7 6 3.2 kJ/mol for butschliite, 25.1 6 3.3 kJ/mol for fairchildite and 27.2 6 5.8 kJ/mol for K2Ca2(CO3)3. The entropy changes for the formation, DSf, were also evaluated for the double carbonates. Assuming DSf(butschliite)5 0, because of its ordered structure, the entropy of formation of fairchild- ite is 40.9 6 5.1 J/mol·K and of K2Ca2(CO3)3 is 39.4 6 7.3 J/mol·K.
Characterization and Expression of Two cDNAs Encoding Carbonic Anhydrase in Arabidopsis thaliana (1994)

Two distinct cDNA clones encoding carbonic anhydrase (CA) were isolated from an Arabidopsis thaliana lambda YES library. One of these clones, CA1, encodes a 36.1-kD polypeptide and is essentially the same as a previously reported Arabidopsis CA cDNA (C.A. Raines, P.R. Horsnell, C. Holder, J.C. Lloyd [1992] Plant Mol Biol 20: 1143-1148). Comparison of the derived amino acid sequence from this clone with other plant CAs suggests the presence of a chloroplastic transit peptide, which, when cleaved, would render a mature protein of 24.3 kD. The other identified clone, CA2, encodes a 28.3-kD polypeptide, which in addition to other residue changes, is 78 amino acids shorter at the N terminus than the primary product of CA1. The two cDNAs exhibit 76.9% sequence similarity at the DNA level and 84.6% identity between the predicted amino acid sequences. A polyclonal antibody generated against pea CA (N. Majeau, J.R. Coleman [1991] Plant Physiol 100: 1077-1078) hybridized to two protein bands (25 and 28 kD) from a total leaf extract and to only one band (25 kD) from a chloroplastic protein extract. The data suggest that the CA2 protein is an extrachloroplastic form of CA, presumably localized in the cytoplasm. Southern analysis indicated that CA1 and CA2 are encoded by different genes. Northern analysis of total leaf RNA resulted in hybridization of CA1- and CA2-derived probes to two transcripts of 1.47 and 1.2 kb, respectively. These data provide additional evidence that the CA2 clone is a full-length cDNA and that two transcribed CA genes are present in the Arabidopsis genome. Transcript levels of CA1 and CA2 decreased 70 and 20%, respectively, when mature plants were transferred to dark for 24 h. Seedlings germinated in the dark showed CA1 and CA2 transcript abundance levels of 4 and 22%, respectively, when compared with light-germinated seedlings. These data suggest that expression of CA1 is light regulated and dependent of leaf and/or chloroplast development. A possible role for cytoplasmic CA in the plant cell is discussed.
Universally Verifiable Outsourcing and Application to Linear Programming (2015)

In this chapter, we show how to guarantee correctness when applying multiparty computation in outsourcing scenarios. Specifically, we consider how to guarantee the correctness of the result when neither the parties supplying the input nor the parties performing the computation can be trusted. Generic techniques to achieve this are too slow to be of practical use. However, we show that it is possible to achieve practical performance for specific problems by exploiting the existence of certificates proving that a computation result is correct.
Novel mutations in the lamin A/C gene in heart transplant recipients with end stage dilated cardiomyopathy (2006)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disease characterised by impaired systolic function and dilatation of the left or both ventricles. The aetiology and clinical presentation of DCM are heterogeneous. At least one third of idiopathic DCM cases are familial. Knowledge of the genetics of DCM has progressed considerably in recent years.1

Mutations in the lamin A/C gene seem to be important aetiological factors in familial DCM. So far, several research groups have described about 40 DCM associated mutations in this gene.1–4 Heart disease caused by lamin A/C gene mutations is characterised by conduction system disorders with the need for permanent pacemaker implantation, atrial fibrillation, severe heart failure, and increased risk for sudden cardiac death.4 Patients with mutations in the lamin A/C gene often develop a progressive form of disease leading to heart transplantation or sudden cardiac death.4 Therefore, we decided to investigate a homogeneous group of consecutive Finnish heart transplant recipients with end stage DCM and to search for mutations in the lamin A/C gene.

All surviving Finnish patients who received a heart transplant between 1984 and 1998 were enrolled in the study. Of all 158 surviving patients, 81 had an initial diagnosis of primary DCM. A DNA sample was obtained from 81% (n  =  66) of these 81 patients, who fulfilled the commonly approved diagnostic criteria for DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction 27 mm/m2) at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis of idiopathic DCM was confirmed by excluding all specific causes of left ventricular dysfunction. The …
Immune Enhancement of Yellow Fever Virus Neurovirulence for Mice: Studies of Mechanisms Involved (1987)

Enhancement of yellow fever virus neurovirulence for mice by specific antibody was studied with the French neurotropic vaccine strain. Experimental conditions for enhancement required mice between 14 and 40 days old and intraperitoneal administration of a selected monoclonal antibody 24 h before or up to 72 h after intracerebral virus challenge. Virus infectivity titrations were similar in brains of antibody-treated and untreated mice. Virus recovered from brains of mice with enhanced viral infections was neither qualitatively nor quantitatively different from standard virus. Humoral immune responses in enhanced infections were normal, macrophages did not become infected and viraemia was not significant. Both hydrocortisone treatment and complement depletion with cobra venom resulted in prolongation of mouse survival times but virulence enhancement persisted. Antithymocyte serum had no effect on enhancement although it reduced the humoral immune response. It is proposed that virulence enhancement is due to the combined effects of virus-specific antibody on infected cells, complement-mediated cytolysis and resultant host anti-cellular activity. There is no analogy between mechanisms effecting increased arbovirus growth in vitro in the presence of specific antibody and increased yellow fever virus neurovirulence in vivo after parenteral administration of antibody.
Assessing cell trafficking by noninvasive imaging techniques: applications in experimental tumor immunology. (2005)

Tracer methods are increasingly being exploited to examine the trafficking patterns of cells transferred into recipient models of diseases, to optimize immune cell therapies, and to assess cancer gene therapy and vaccines in various cancer models. In animal cancer models, noninvasive monitoring by imaging tumor response could significantly facilitate the development of immune cell therapies against cancer. Currently, ex vivo lymphocyte labeling is primarily done by direct labeling. Major advances in cell labeling procedures have led to the use of reporter constructs to assess gene expression in vivo. With this novel technique, the reporter gene marks the cell with a specific protein that distinguishes the cell and its cellular progeny from other cells after migration, homing and mitosis. Several in vivo imaging procedures, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have been rescaled for studies in small animals. Other methods initially used for in vitro bioluminescence and fluorescence studies have also been refined for in vivo studies. When combined, these methods allow to assess cell trafficking in a noninvasive fashion, beyond lymphocyte response to inflammation, including metastatic diffusion and stem cell transplantation.
1 Introduction (2003)

The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory is a companion volume to The Year's Work in English Studies , also published for the English Association by Oxford University Press. It provides a narrative bibliography of work in the field of critical and cultural theory, recording significant debates and issues of interest to scholars working in many areas of literary and cultural studies as well as other interdisciplinary areas of the humanities. Kate McGowan of the School of English Studies at Manchester Metropolitan University has edited the journal since volume 3. This is the first edition under the editorship of Martin McQuillan of the School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies at the University of Leeds. The English Association, Oxford University Press and the new editor would like to thank Kate for all her work over the last seven volumes and for the care with which she has developed the journal. We wish her every success in her future projects.
A redox-based electrogenetic CRISPR system to connect with and control biological information networks (2020)

Electronic information can be transmitted to cells directly from microelectronics via electrode-activated redox mediators. These transmissions are decoded by redox-responsive promoters which enable user-specified control over biological function. Here, we build on this redox communication modality by establishing an electronic eCRISPR conduit of information exchange. This system acts as a biological signal processor, amplifying signal reception and filtering biological noise. We electronically amplify bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling by activating LasI, the autoinducer-1 synthase. Similarly, we filter out unintended noise by inhibiting the native SoxRS-mediated oxidative stress response regulon. We then construct an eCRISPR based redox conduit in both E. coli and Salmonella enterica. Finally, we display eCRISPR based information processing that allows transmission of spatiotemporal redox commands which are then decoded by gelatin-encapsulated E. coli. We anticipate that redox communication channels will enable biohybrid microelectronic devices that could transform our abilities to electronically interpret and control biological function.
REVIEW OF CONDUCTOR-POLYMERIC SEMICONDUCTOR SOLAR CELLS (1983)

The photovoltaic properties of Schottky barrier, heterojunction and photo-electrochemical cell involving organic polymers are reviewed in this paper.
Neuroprotective Methodologies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Current Status of Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings (2020)

Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic and autoimmune associated motor neuron disorder that affects myelinated neurons in specific brain regions of young people, especially females. MS is characterized by oligodendrocytes destruction further responsible for demyelination, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter deficits associated with motor and cognitive dysfunctions, vertigo and muscle weakness. The limited intervention of pharmacologically active compounds like interferon-β, mitoxantrone, fingolimod and monoclonal antibodies used clinically are majorly associated with adverse drug reactions. Pre-clinically, gliotoxin ethidium bromide mimics the behavioral and neurochemical alterations in multiple sclerosis- like in experimental animals associated with the down-regulation of adenyl cyclase/cAMP/CREB, which is further responsible for a variety of neuropathogenic factors. Despite the considerable investigation of neuroprotection in curing multiple sclerosis, some complications still remain. The available medications only provide symptomatic relief but do not stop the disease progression. In this way, the development of unused beneficial methods tends to be ignored. The limitations of the current steady treatment may be because of their activity at one of the many neurotransmitters included or their failure to up direct signaling flag bearers detailed to have a vital part in neuronal sensitivity, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and its discharge, development, and separation of the neuron, synaptic versatility and cognitive working. Therefore, the current review strictly focused on the exploration of various clinical and pre-clinical features available for multiple sclerosis to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and to introduce pharmacological interventions associated with the upregulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase/cAMP/CREB activation to ameliorate multiple sclerosis-like features.