gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Assessment of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 as a Biomarker of Clinical Response in Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR) have improved the outcome for patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Expression of the constitutively active AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has shown clinical utility as a predictive biomarker of AR-targeted therapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its importance in CSPC remains understudied.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We assessed different approaches to quantify AR-V7 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, publicly available cohorts, and independent institutional clinical cohorts, to identify reliable approaches for detecting AR-V7 mRNA and protein and its association with clinical outcome.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;In CSPC and CRPC cohorts, &lt;i&gt;AR-V7&lt;/i&gt; mRNA was much less abundant when detected using reads across splice boundaries than when considering isoform-specific exonic reads. The RM7 AR-V7 antibody had increased sensitivity and specificity for AR-V7 protein detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CRPC cohorts but rarely identified AR-V7 protein reactivity in CSPC cohorts, when compared with the EPR15656 AR-V7 antibody. Using multiple CRPC PDX models, we demonstrated that AR-V7 expression was exquisitely sensitive to hormonal manipulation. In CSPC institutional cohorts, AR-V7 protein quantification by either assay was associated neither with time to development of castration resistance nor with overall survival, and intense neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy did not lead to significant AR-V7 mRNA or staining following treatment. Neither pre- nor posttreatment AR-V7 levels were associated with volumes of residual disease after therapy.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates that further analytical validation and clinical qualification are required before AR-V7 can be considered for clinical use in CSPC as a predictive biomarker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Depth of field in the scanning microscope (1978)

Various definitions of depth of field in the microscope are discussed. The variation in the integrated intensity in the image of a point object outside the focal plane shows how the microscope discriminates against such objects. The power diffusely scattered by a translucent object is also considered. A Type-2 scanning microscope is found to have a much reduced depth of field according to these criteria, which makes it useful for studying thick biological slices. These results do not contradict the claim that depth of field may be much increased in such a microscope by using lenses with annular pupil functions.
Two Spanish sibs with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy homozygous for the V30M-TTR gene (2001)

Two Spanish sibs with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) homozygous for the V30M-TTR gene, were diagnosed by DNA and protein analyses. Their clinical picture was very similar to the Majorcan FAP heterozygous patients except for the sensorimotor syndrome which was more aggressive. Noteworthy were clinical differences between the sibs concerning autonomic involvement, cranial neuropathy and kidney disturbances. These differences can be due to genetic and/or environmental factors.
Cheating the I/O bottleneck: network storage with Trapeze/Myrinet (1998)

Recent advances in I/O bus structures (e.g., PCI), highspeed networks, and fast, cheap disks have significantly expanded the I/O capacity of desktop-class systems. This paper describes a messaging system designed to deliver the potential of these advances for network storage systems including cluster file systems and network memory. We describe gms net, anRPClike kernel-kernel messaging system based on Trapeze, a new firmware program for Myrinet network interfaces. We show how the communication features of Trapeze and gms net are used by the Global Memory Service (GMS), a kernel-based network memory system. The paper focuses on support for zero-copy page migration in GMS/Trapeze using two RPC variants important for peer-peer distributed services: (1) delegated RPC in which a request is delegated to a third party, and (2) nonblocking RPC in which replies are processed from the Trapeze receive interrupt handler. We present measurements of sequential file access from network memory in the GMS/Trapeze prototype on a Myrinet/Alpha cluster, showing the bandwidth effects of file system interfaces and communication choices. GMS/Trapeze delivers a peak read bandwidth of 96 MB/s using memory-mapped file I/O. 1
Tunable Third-harmonic Generation in a Novel Chalcogenide-tellurite Hybrid Optical Fiber (2014)

A novel chalcogenide-tellurite hybrid optical fiber with a refractive index difference Δn=0.24 is designed and fabricated by rod-in-tube drawing technique. Tunable third-harmonic generation from 568 nm to 869 nm is observed when the optical fiber is pumped by an optical parametric oscillator with the pump wavelength changing from 1700 to 2600 nm.
Das ‘su(4)-Modell’ (1975)

Die Konstruktion von lösbaren Modellen für das in der Physik grundlegende quantenmechanische n-Körperproblem wird mathematisch unter anderem durch gruppentheoretische Methoden ermöglicht. Das heißt mittels einer vorgegebenen abstrakten Lie-Algebren-Struktur läßt sich ein lösbares Modell entwickeln, das die Wechselwirkung von Teilchen zu beschreiben erlaubt und Angaben über den Aufbau von niedrig angeregten Energieniveaus in den Energiespektren von Atomkernen macht. Speziell soll nun ein neues ‘su(4)-Modell’ angegeben werden, dessen mathematische Struktur vollständig durch die Lie-Algebra su(4) der Speziellen Unitären Gruppe SU(4) bestimmt ist, und das es erlaubt, Aussagen über die Energieniveaustrukturen der Ca-Isotope “41Ca bis 50Ca, zu machen. Um nun zu diesen physikalischen Aussagen zu kommen, muß das ‘su(4)-Modell’ einige besondere Bedingungen erfüllen [10]:
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6, Table Legends 1-6 from Cross-Species Functional Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Identifies a Critical Role for CLCF1 and IL-6 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81K&lt;/p&gt;
ensmallen: a flexible C++ library for efficient function optimization (2018)

We present ensmallen, a fast and flexible C++ library for mathematical optimization of arbitrary user-supplied functions, which can be applied to many machine learning problems. Several types of optimizations are supported, including differentiable, separable, constrained, and categorical objective functions. The library provides many pre-built optimizers (including numerous variants of SGD and Quasi-Newton optimizers) as well as a flexible framework for implementing new optimizers and objective functions. Implementation of a new optimizer requires only one method and a new objective function requires typically one or two C++ functions. This can aid in the quick implementation and prototyping of new machine learning algorithms. Due to the use of C++ template metaprogramming, ensmallen is able to support compiler optimizations that provide fast runtimes. Empirical comparisons show that ensmallen is able to outperform other optimization frameworks (like Julia and SciPy), sometimes by large margins. The library is distributed under the BSD license and is ready for use in production environments.
Improving AODV Route Recovery Mechanisms with Connectivity and Particle Swarm Optimization DOI: 10.14209/jcis.2012.3 (2015)

This paper proposes a new function for the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) algorithm using the connectivity concept to decide between source and local repair when a link break occurs. Besides, we used a Computational Intelligence algorithm, called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which enables to find candidate solutions in all considered search space in order to reduce average data packet delivery delay sent over the network. The performance of the original AODV protocol, according to its Request for Comments (RFC), is compared with this new implemented approach, called here as AODVPSO. Three metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm: throughput (as data packet delivery fraction), routing overhead and average data packet delivery delay. We observed that the AODV-PSO outperformed the original AODV protocol in the scenarios studied in this paper.
A Very Efficient Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed, Four‐Component Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines and Its Application in the Concise Generation of Functionalized Homoquinolizine Frameworks (2009)

Molecular diversity: A cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzed, four-component reaction from very simple acyclic starting materials afforded densely substituted tetrahydropyridines, which were transformed into homoquinolizines by using a gamma-alkylation-ring-closing metathesis (RCM) sequence (see scheme).The cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzed, four-component reaction between primary aliphatic amines, beta-ketoesters or beta-ketothioesters, alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, and alcohols provided a very efficient and atom-economical access to substituted 6-alkoxy-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridines. These materials were then transformed into homoquinolizine derivatives in excellent yields by using a two-step sequence comprised of regioselective gamma-deprotonation-allylation and ring-closing metathesis reactions. The possibility of displacing the alkoxy group by allylsilane nucleophiles, presumably through a vinylogous acyliminium intermediate species, was also demonstrated.
Improving the identification of traceability links between source code and requirements. (2012)

Software developers are interested in requirement traceability to e.g., verify if all requirements are covered by a system design specification. Based on the assumption that related artifacts contain related terms, researchers have developed, used, and extended algorithms that identify related terms and subsequently infer which artifacts are related (i.e., there is a traceability link between them). Source code is not as verbose as a natural language description, which reduces the applicability of algorithms that precisely rely on such a commonality. This paper extends the Vector Space Model using tf*idf term weights to improve the identification of traceability links between source code and requirements. To this extent, we modify the way how requirements are identified and to include user feedback. We show that the inclusion of user feedback significantly improved the number of correctly identified requirements. © 2012 by Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School.
Epigenetic Regulation ofBDNFGene in Response to Stress (2010)

Neuronal plasticity induced by changes in synaptic morphology and function is well known to play a pivotal role in leaning and memory as well as adaptation to stress. It is suggested that these plastic changes are due to orchestration of alterations in gene expression in the brain. Recent advances in molecular biology have provided evidence that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, are crucial to gene transcription in the mammalian brain. Our research group has recently investigated the involvement of histone actylation at the promoter of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in stress-induced reduction in BDNF, as well as in fear conditioning-induced enhancement of BDNF, in the rat hippocampus. The results of the stress study demonstrated that single-immobilization stress significantly reduced the levels of total, exon I, and exon IV BDNF mRNA, and also significantly reduced acetylation levels of histone H3, but not H4, at the promoter of exons I, IV, and VI. The results of the fear conditioning study showed that footshock stress significantly increased the levels of total, exon I, and exon IV BDNF mRNA, with significantly increased acetylation levels of both histone H3 and H4, at the promoter of exons I and IV, followed by enhanced freezing to fear-context exposure. These findings suggest that changes in BDNF transcription in the rat hippocampus in response to stressful stimuli are, at least in part, regulated by histone acetylation status.
Pilot-Based LMMSE Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems With Power–Delay Profile Approximation (2009)

In linear-minimum-mean-square-error (LMMSE) channel estimation for multicarrier systems, one needs to know the channel correlation function. This poses a problem for systems with a small number of pilots operating in time-varying channels. We propose to approximate the channel power-delay profile (PDP) with a shape that can completely be described in two parameters, namely, the mean delay and the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread. Furthermore, we develop a simple technique to estimate these delay parameters. The approximate PDP is then used to generate the LMMSE filter coefficients for data-subcarrier channel estimation. Mathematical expressions are derived that can be used to predict the accuracy of the various estimates, and they are verified by simulation. The proposed technique is applicable to both point-to-point communication and multiaccess communication where different users may experience different channel conditions. As a practical application, we also specialize the proposed technique to Mobile WiMAX signals and investigate the resulting performance.
Optische Sensorik (2011)

Buchhandelstext Dieses Lehrbuch behandelt Grundlagen, wichtige Einzelelemente und Systeme der optischen Sensorik und Messtechnik. So werden im ersten Teil die Ausbreitung von GauÃ-Strahlen, der Photoeffekt, elektromagnetische Wellen und Abbildungsfehler behandelt. Im zweiten Teil werden die wesentlichen Bausteine optischer Sensorik vorgestellt, wie z. B. LED, Laser, Photodiode und Lichtwellenleiter. Im dritten Teil schlieÃlich werden komplexe Systeme in ihrer Funktion und mit Anwendungsbeispielen beschrieben (u. a. Lichtschranken, Fasersensoren, StrÃ¶mungsmesstechnik, Partikelmesstechnik, Teleskope). Inhalt Grundlagen: Geometrische Optik - GauÃ-Strahlen - EnergiebÃ¤nder - Quantenoptik - Polarisation - Beugung und Interferenz - Photometrie Elemente: Leuchtdiode - Laser - Photodiode - CCD-Chip - Photomultiplier - Solarzellen - LWL Systeme: Lichtschranken - Triangulation - Optische MÃ¤use - Spektrometer - Partikelmesstechnik - Teleskope - Aufgaben Zielgruppe Studierende in technischen und naturwissenschaftlichen StudiengÃ¤ngen wie z. B. Mechatronik, Sensortechnik, Physikalische Technik, Elektrotechnik und Maschinenbau. Ãber den Autor/Hrsg Martin LÃ¶ffler-Mang ist Professor an der HTW des Saarlandes in SaarbrÃ¼cken im Studiengang Mechatronik/Sensortechnik. Seine Arbeitsschwerpunkte liegen u. a. auf dem Gebiet der optischen Sensorik, Partikel- und Lasermesstechnik.
Dataset for Sharp toroidal resonances in planar terahertz metasurfaces (2016)

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Quantum Confinement in Phosphorus-Doped Silicon Nanocrystals (2004)

Electronic properties of phosphorus donors in hydrogenated silicon nanocrystals are investigated using a real-space ab initio pseudopotential method for systems with up to 500 atoms. We present calculations for the ionization energy, binding energy, and electron density associated with the doped nanocrystal. We find that the ionization energy for the nanocrystal is virtually independent of size. This behavior may be attributed to localization of the electron around the impurity site owing to a large electron-impurity interaction within confined systems. In contrast to this result, the calculated hyperfine splitting exhibits a strong size dependence. For small nanocrystals it greatly exceeds the bulk value. This finding agrees with recent experimental measurements.
Clinical efficacy analysis of three kinds of surgical treatment for bony mallet fingers (2018)

Objective
To compare the clinical outcomes of three kinds of surgical treatment for bony mallet fingers, and to explore the appropriate treatment method.


Methods
From March 2010 to March 2013, 92 cases of bony mallet fingers were treated with Ishiguro method (32 cases), Kirschner wire combined steel wire cross compression (34 cases), reconstruction of extensor tendon insertion with miniature anchor (26 cases) respectively.


Results
All the patients were follow-up for 4 to 20 months with an average of 9.6 months. According to Patel mallet finger evaluation standard, the results of Ishiguro method group were excellent in 15 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 4 cases and poor in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate being 84.4%. The results of Kirschner wire combined steel wire cross compression group were excellent in 11 cases, good in 18 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases, with the excellent and good rate being 85.3%. The results of reconstruction of extensor tendon insertion with miniature anchor group were excellent in 10 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate being 84.6%.


Conclusion
There were no significant differences in the clinical efficacy of the three surgical methods for bony mallet fingers. Considering the fracture classification of the mallet fingers, the proficiency of the doctors and the economic ability of the patients, reasonable selection of suitable operation method is the key to the successful treatment of bony mallet fingers.


Key words: 
Tendon injuries; Fracture fixation,internal; Bony mallet finger
Improved reliability of GaN HEMTs using N2 plasma surface treatment (2015)

In this work, we present a systematic study on AlGaN surface treatment by N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma treatment prior to SiN deposition to enhance the reliability of the AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT. N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma treatment can effective remove surface impurities and discharge at the GaN surface, thus improving the SiN/GaN interface quality. With this technique, the GaN MIS-HEMT exhibits excellent reliability after high-gate-bias stress, high-drain-bias stress, and continuously long-term switching.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Powder Promoted 5‐endo Radical Cyclizations. A Concise Approach to Erythrina Alkaloids. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SAFETY AND EFFECT ON ROD FUNCTION OF ACU-4429, A NOVEL SMALL-MOLECULE VISUAL CYCLE MODULATOR (2011)

Oral administration of ACU-4429 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the b-wave of the electroretinograms, was well tolerated up to 75 mg, and demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics across doses.
<i>In Situ </i>Thermal Gradient Controlled Investigation of Spallation -Experimental Design and Preliminary Results (2008)

Based on a coupled numerical and experimental approach, the design and implementation of an in situ thermal-gradient-controlled cyclic oxidation test, dedicated to the investigation of the TGO and TBC spallation, is presented. The influence of the specimen through thickness thermal gradient as well as the benefits of the video real-time monitoring of the cooling phase of an oxidation test is discussed in the case of the spallation of an alumina scale grown on FeCrAl alloys.
Automatic image parameter optimization Based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (2009)

In automatic image mosaic, the problem of solving and optimizing the modeled image parameters is usually a least square problem. In this paper an approach to solve the image parameterization based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is introduced. An appropriate camera parameterization model is firstly established, and the problem of optimization against the parameters is turned into a least square problem of the projection error between images, which solves registering all the images. Finally the images are rendered with their parameters to a spherical surface, where the linear blending and bi-linear interpolation are employed to render the images. The spherical surface is unfolded into a planar surface which gives the final mosaic result.
Design of a high-resolution high-stability positioning mechanism for crystal optics (2000)

We present a novel miniature multi-axis driving structure that will allow positioning of two crystals with better than 50-nrad angular resolution and nanometer linear driving sensitivity. The precision and stability of this structure allow the user to align or adjust an assembly of crystals to achieve the same performance as does a single channel-cut crystal, so we call it an “artificial channel-cut crystal.” In this paper, the particular designs and specifications, as well as the test results, for a two-axis driving structure for a high-energy-resolution artificial channel-cut crystal monochromator are presented.
Characterization of Polymers by Positron Annihilation. (1995)

陽電子は,非破壊検査プローブとして,金属や半導体の点欠陥研究に使用されている.最近,陽電子消滅が高分子の自由体積を研究する手法として注目され始めた.本稿では,陽電子消滅の原理と,高分子中での陽電子の振る舞いについて解説する.また,この手法を用いて,自由体積のサイズや密度について研究した結果を紹介する.
cDNA microarray analysis of global gene expression in sarcomas (2002)

Sequencing of the human genome and rapidly evolving microarray technology have combined to provide investigators with the ability to analyze individual tumors and groups of tumors for global patterns of gene expression. Few of these types of studies have been performed on rhabdomyosarcomas and osteogenic sarcomas, including cell lines and animal models. Groups of expressed genes that may characterize rhabdomyosarcomas and their subgroups and separate them from other types of tumors have been identified. More specifically, genes involved in myogenesis or the inhibition of myogenesis have been identified, as have genes that may play a role in metastatic activity in osteogenic sarcomas. Also, a study documenting the consistent and specific gene expression profile of gastrointestinal stromal tumors has been published. While the data regarding gene expression patterns in sarcomas is accruing, numerous investigators are working on developing and enhancing bioinformatic skills and tools such that the vast amount of data can be converted into knowledge regarding biology, therapeutic responsiveness or resistance, and prognosis.
Boundary Layer Separation in Models of Side-to-end Arterial Anastomoses (1979)

We performed an investigation of boundary layer separation in models of side-to-end anastomoses, used clinically in axillofemoral and femorofemoral grafting. Boundary layer separation occurs when momentum causes a fluid to flow against a local pressure gradient. Models of side-to-end anastomoses were constructed from Dacron grafting material and from clear plastic blocks and tubing. Fluid energy loss across the anastomosis was small and physiologically insignificant. Local adverse pressure gradients were demonstrated near the anastomosis. Flow visualization studies demonstrated characteristic areas of boundary layer separation in the region of the adverse pressure gradients. The separation region involved both the main limb and the side arm. The separation forms a shell or ring of slow-moving fluid around the mainstream. Preliminary studies with pulsatile flow and with blood demonstrate that boundary layer separation occurs under clinical flow conditions. Boundary layer separation may play a role in the development of anastomotic hyperplasia and atherosclerotic deposits in the vicinity of surgical anastomoses.