gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term memory motion-compensated prediction for robust video transmission (2000)

Long-term memory prediction extends the spatial displacement vector utilized in hybrid video coding by a variable time delay permitting the use of more than one reference frame for motion compensation. This extension provides improved rate-distortion performance. However, motion compensation in combination with transmission errors leads to temporal error propagation that occurs when the reference frames at encoder and decoder differ. In this paper, we present a framework that incorporates an error estimate into rate-constrained motion estimation and mode decision. Experimental results with a Rayleigh fading channel show that long-term memory motion compensation significantly outperforms single-frame prediction.
Effects of Hydroelectric Development and Fisheries Enhancement on Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Columbia River Basin (1988)

Trends in abundance of spring and summer chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead Salmo gairdneri returning to the Snake River and mid-Columbia River above Priest Rapids Dam were determined by analyzing the percentage of adults returning from the smolt out-migrations of 1962–1984. Runs declined as a result of hydroelectric development of the river; the main cause for the decline was the mortality of juveniles migrating downstream through as many as nine dams and impoundments en route to the ocean. Mid-Columbia River summer chinook salmon runs experienced the greatest decline because of higher mortalities incurred during their migration to sea as subyearlings in July and August. Mortality was lower for remaining races of fish that migrate to sea as yearlings in the spring during higher river flows, more spill at dams, and cooler water temperatures. Enhancement measures to offset dam-related mortality of smolts began in 1970 on the Snake River and in 1975 on the mid-Columbia River. These measures included increased numbers of smolts released from hatcheries, spillway deflectors to reduce dissolved gas saturation, fingerling bypasses at dams, transportation of smolts around dams, supplemental river flows to minimize delay for smolts passing through reservoirs, and supplemental spill at dams to minimize turbine mortality of smolts at dams without fingerling bypasses. These actions have reversed the decline of steelhead but not of salmon. Enhancement has improved the rate of return of wild spring chinook salmon, but wild fish contribution is minimal at this time because stocks were reduced by earlier hydroelectric development. Presently, runs are mostly of hatchery origin and have not responded well to enhancement. Mortality of hatchery fish may be due to activation of bacterial kidney disease by stresses encountered during downriver migrations, transportation, or subsequent transition into seawater.
WindPACT Turbine Design Scaling Studies Technical Area 3 -- Self-Erecting Tower and Nacelle Feasibility: March 2000--March 2001 (2001)

The United States Department of Energy (DOE), through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), has implemented the Wind Partnerships for Advanced Component Technologies (WindPACT) program to explore advanced technologies for improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of wind energy technology. Global Energy Concepts (GEC) prepared this report on self-erecting towers as part of the WindPACT program. The objectives of the work were to identify potential methods for erecting wind turbine towers without the use of large conventional cranes, establish the most promising methods, and compare the costs of the most promising methods to the costs of conventional cranes.
MHD waves in active region filament from SOHO-THEMIS joint observations (2002)

International audience
Metamaterials, from electromagnetic waves to water waves, bending waves and beyond (2015)

We will review our recent work on metamaterials for different types of waves.&#13;\nTransposition of transform optics to water waves and bending waves on plates will be considered&#13;\nwith potential applications of cloaking to water waves protection and anti-vibrating systems.
Role of matrix metalloprotease-2 and MMP-9 in experimental lung fibrosis in mice (2022)

Together, our data strongly suggest that both gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 play only a subordinate role in experimental lung fibrosis in mice.
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and blood transfusion (2001)

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) was first described in the United Kingdom in 1996 and is thought to have been transmitted from cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy probably via the food chain. Thus far just over 100 definite or probable clinical cases have been described, though the number of people currently infected and the eventual size and geographic distribution of any future clinical epidemic remain uncertain. There is little evidence that sporadic CJD is transmitted by blood transfusion. However, the same cannot necessarily be assumed to apply to the new variant strain of disease in which involvement of peripheral lymphoid tissues has been demonstrated. In the face of uncertainty surrounding the risk of transmission of vCJD by blood products, blood transfusion services in a number of countries have implemented precautionary policies, though whether in the long term these will prove to have been necessary or sufficient remains to be seen.
The Arabidopsis Mediator Complex Subunit16 Is a Key Component of Basal Resistance against the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2015)

Although Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen in agriculture, the virulence mechanisms utilized by S. sclerotiorum and the host defense mechanisms against this pathogen have not been fully understood. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Mediator complex subunit MED16 is a key component of basal resistance against S. sclerotiorum. Mutants of MED16 are markedly more susceptible to S. sclerotiorum than mutants of 13 other Mediator subunits, and med16 has a much stronger effect on S. sclerotiorum-induced transcriptome changes compared with med8, a mutation not altering susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Interestingly, med16 is also more susceptible to S. sclerotiorum than coronatine-insensitive1-1 (coi1-1), which is the most susceptible mutant reported so far. Although the jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) defense pathway marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) cannot be induced in either med16 or coi1-1, basal transcript levels of PDF1.2 in med16 are significantly lower than in coi1-1. Furthermore, ET-induced suppression of JA-activated wound responses is compromised in med16, suggesting a role for MED16 in JA-ET cross talk. Additionally, MED16 is required for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to PDF1.2 and OCTADECANOID-RESPONSIVE ARABIDOPSIS ETHYLENE/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR59 (ORA59), two target genes of both JA/ET-mediated and the transcription factor WRKY33-activated defense pathways. Finally, MED16 is physically associated with WRKY33 in yeast and in planta, and WRKY33-activated transcription of PDF1.2 and ORA59 as well as resistance to S. sclerotiorum depends on MED16. Taken together, these results indicate that MED16 regulates resistance to S. sclerotiorum by governing both JA/ET-mediated and WRKY33-activated defense signaling in Arabidopsis.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐TRIAZINES PART 6, IMIDAZO(1,2‐B)‐AS‐TRIAZINES (1974)

Abstract Die Kondensation der 1,2‐Diamino‐imidazole (I) mit den Diketomonoximen (II) führt zu den Imidazotriazinen (III).
In vitro secretion of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α): A comparison of the A431 cell line with three human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma lines (1992)

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is a single chain polypeptide which exists in a variety of forms differing in molecular weight. These forms are variously present in normal and neoplastic cells. Of particular interest are TGF-alpha's well-known mitogenic properties. The transition from a normal to a neoplastic cellular state results from signalling defects that may depend upon, inter alia, abnormal levels of expression and secretion of TGF-alpha. It is known that the secretion of TGF-alpha may be enhanced appreciably by agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum factors and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Here, we compare the efficacy of these three agents in the elevation of TGF-alpha secretion in the well studied A431 cell line with their previously undocumented efficacy in certain interesting, but little known, human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines.
Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of NixPt1-xNanoparticles (2008)

Knowledge of nucleation and growth mechanisms is an important prerequisite for size control during nanoparticle synthesis. However, for many systems the mechanism is not completely understood. Here, investigation of the formation of NixPt1–x nanoparticles that are synthesized via reduction of platinum (II) acetylacetonate and nickel (II) acetate in the presence of oleic acid, oleylamine, and 1,2-hexadecanediol as the reducing agent is reported. Different reaction conditions are studied to reveal the influence on particle size and composition. The composition of the NixPt1–x nanocrystals is tunable through variation of the Ni:Pt ratio. The particle size depends on the concentration of oleic acid, while oleylamine mainly determines the particle shape. The binding of both stabilizing agents on the nanoparticle surface is investigated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The growth process of the particles is studied by transmission electron microscopy analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy at different reaction stages. Our results lead to the assumption of a single nucleation event, followed by the growth process in the absence of Ostwald ripening. This type of growth can be extended by continuous injection of the molecular precursors, which allows the possibility of particle size control.
Recurrent Human Pose Estimation (2017)

We propose a ConvNet model for predicting 2D human body poses in an image. The model regresses a heatmap representation for each body keypoint, and is able to learn and represent both the part appearances and the context of the part configuration. We make the following three contributions: (i) an architecture combining a feed forward module with a recurrent module, where the recurrent module can be run iteratively to improve the performance; (ii) the model can be trained end-to-end and from scratch, with auxiliary losses incorporated to improve performance; (iii) we investigate whether keypoint visibility can also be predicted. The model is evaluated on two benchmark datasets. The result is a simple architecture that achieves performance on par with the state of the art, but without the complexity of a graphical model stage (or layers).
Ion Transport in Porous Electrodes Obtained by Impedance Using a Symmetric Cell with Predictable Low-Temperature Battery Performance (2019)

The decline of lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance at low temperatures, caused by the nonuniform occurrence of electrochemical reactions during cycling and the resulting irreversible capacity loss, significantly hinders further LIB commercialization. Herein, we report the first solution by analyzing the impedance using symmetric cells in the absence of charge-transfer reactions to obtain a parameter quantitatively describing ion transport in porous electrodes and thus modeling the effects of nonuniform reaction occurrence. The reciprocal of ionic resistance in porous electrodes (<i>R</i><sub>ion</sub><sup>-1</sup>) is found to be positively correlated with capacity retention during low-temperature cycling and is approximated as the product of maximum capacitance related to electric double-layer formation (<i>C</i><sub>dl,max</sub>) and the associated frequency (<i>f</i><sub>0</sub>). Consequently, these ion-transport parameters can be used to predict capacity retention during low-temperature cycling, and the adopted approach therefore can help to mitigate low-temperature LIB performance degradation and thus contribute to the fabrication of next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Guest Editorial Introduction to the Issue on Biophotonics—Part 2 (2012)

The 25 papers in this issue cover a broad range of advanced biophotonic areas.
A robust dual-membrane dielectric elastomer actuator for large volume fluid pumping via snap-through (2017)

A pressurized dielectric elastomer (DE) diaphragm under electrical actuation can experience snap-through large deformation due to electromechanical instability, which was shown to be a promising mechanism for large volume fluid pumping. However, snap-through actuation in a DE fluid pump will not occur when the inlet pressure to the pump is small and cannot be robustly utilized for different applications. To solve this problem, in this study, we proposed a dual-membrane DE pump design featuring an active DE membrane interacting with a passive elastic membrane. This design enabled snap-through of the DE membrane over a wide range of inlet pressures, making it feasible for large volume fluid pumping even at low pressures. Merits of this dual-membrane DE actuator design were experimentally verified; for example, the pumping volume of the dual-membrane DE pump could be as large as 3944% of the pumping volume of the conventional single-membrane DE pump. We further proposed an analytical framework to describe the mechanism of the dual-membrane DE fluid pump, involving the superimposition of the pressure-volume curves of the active and passive membranes. The theoretically predicted equilibrium states agreed well with experimental observations. Findings in this study will broaden the applications of the DE actuator in scenarios where a large pumping volume is needed over a wide range of pressures.
Update on parametric cost models for space telescopes (2011)

Parametric cost models are used to plan missions, compare concepts and justify technology investments. This paper updates an ongoing effort to develop cost modes for space telescopes and summarizes how recent database changes have changed previously published preliminary results. While the models are evolving, the previously published findings are valid: telescope cost increases with aperture diameter; it costs less per square meter of collecting aperture to build a large telescope than a small telescope; lower areal density telescopes cost more than more massive telescopes.
Condensed hydrogen for thermonuclear fusion (2010)

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) power, in either pure fusion or fission-fusion hybrid reactors, is a possible solution for future world’s energy demands. Formation of uniform layers of a condensed hydrogen fuel in ICF targets has been a long standing materials physics challenge. Here, we review the progress in this field. After a brief discussion of the major ICF target designs and the basic properties of condensed hydrogens, we review both liquid and solid layering methods, physical mechanisms causing layer nonuniformity, growth of hydrogen single crystals, attempts to prepare amorphous and nanostructured hydrogens, and mechanical deformation behavior. Emphasis is given to current challenges defining future research areas in the field of condensed hydrogens for fusion energy applications.
Measures of Platoon Leader Situation Awareness in Virtual Decision-Making Exercises (2001)

Abstract : This report documents an effort to investigate the situation awareness (SA) requirements for platoon leaders in a Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) environment. Subject matter experts with extensive infantry experience participated in a goal-directed task analysis to identify the SA requirements of platoon leaders at three levels: Level 1-perception, Level 2-comprehension, and Level 2-projection. From this analysis, objective and subjective SA measurement instruments were developed. Experienced and inexperienced officers engaged in four simulated missions in the Squad Synthetic Environment and responded to questions during halts in the simulation. Two instruments, the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), a PC-based objective family of queries, and the Situation Awareness Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (SABARS), a subjective observer-rated instrument, both showed sensitivity to experience levels. The SAGAT scales also displayed sensitivity to the type of scenario and the point in the simulated mission at which the halt occurred. Officers with greater experience attended more to information about enemy locations and strengths, while less experienced officers attended more to information concerning friendly strengths. This has some intriguing implications for training new officers, but further investigation of these SA findings is necessary.
Assembly and interconnection technologies for MID based on thermally conductive plastics for heat dissipation (2011)

The present study aims to display new opportunities for Molded Interconnect Devices by using thermally conductive thermoplastics as substrate materials. Therefore, a polyamide 66 polymer was modified with aluminum oxide and gains thermal conductivity above 2 W/m·K. This compound was employed for three dimensional circuit carriers with integrated cooling fins manufactured by means of injection molding. Hot embossing tests indicate that it is possible to metallize the highly filled polymers at sufficient adhesion. For mounting and interconnecting electronic components by reflow soldering in a forced convection reflow soldering oven, a homogeneous temperature distribution, due to the thermal conductivity, enables enhanced process windows. Using test specimens with mounted LEDs, results of current research work are presented dealing with evaluating thermal footprints. The aim is to optimize manufacturing as well as component cooling.
Gas Hydrate in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India (2009)

Large quantities of gas hydrate were discovered while drilling in the Krishna-Godavari (K-G) basin along the Indian east coast in 2006. Drilling also showed significant inhomogenity in hydrate distribution. Using the unified imaging approach of Jaiswal an
Digital Signal Processing Sensor for Automotive Visible Light Communications Applications (2017)

In the context of an increasing preoccupation to reduce the number of road accidents, wireless communications have been identified as a promising solutions in this area. This paper presents the simulation results for a Visible Light Communications (VLC) sensor envisioned for vehicular communication applications. Since the outdoor VLC channel can be affected by multiple noise sources, numerical filters and digital signal processing techniques are used as a solution to increase the robustness to noise and to enhance the sensor's flexibility. Simulations are performed in order to analyze the effect of the modulation frequency, SNR and message length on the BER.
A type system for Java bytecode subroutines (1999)

Java is typically compiled into an intermediate language, JVML, that is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine. Because mobile JVML code is not always trusted, a bytecode verifier enforces static constraints that prevent various dynamic errors. Given the importance of the bytecode verifier for security, its current descriptions are inadequate. This article proposes using typing rules to describe the bytecode verifier because they are more precise than prose, clearer than code, and easier to reason about than either. JVML has a subroutine construct which is used for the compilation of Java's try-finally statement. Subroutines are a major source of complexity for the bytecode verifier because they are not obviously last-in/first-out and because they require a kind of polymorphism. Focusing on subroutines, we isolate an interesting, small subset of JVML. We give typing rules for this subset and prove their correctness. Our type system constitutes a sound basis for bytecode verification and a rational reconstruction of a delicate part of Sun's bytecode verifier.
Patients’ Opinions About Suicide Screening in a Pediatric Emergency Department (2011)

Pediatric patients in the ED support suicide screening after being asked a number of suicide-related questions. Further work should evaluate the impact of suicide screening on referral practices and link screening efforts with evidence-based interventions.
On the Near-Field Spherical Wave Formation in Resonant Leaky-Wave Antennas: Application to Small Lens Design (2021)

In this work, we show that the near field of leaky-wave resonant antennas (LWAs) radiating into a dense medium can be locally represented as a spherical wave in a certain solid angle around broadside using an accurate definition of the phase center. The near field in this solid angle can be efficiently evaluated through the integration of the spectral Green’s function along the steepest descent path (SDP). Beyond this solid angle, defined as the shadow boundary angle, a residual contribution due to the leaky-wave pole must also be added to fully describe the near field. It is found that this shadow boundary angle can be used to define the phase center and geometry of a truncated lens that couples well to leaky-wave antennas, even in electrically small-to-medium sized lenses and low-contrast cases. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed study, we combine the SDP field calculation with a Fourier optics (FO) methodology to evaluate the aperture efficiency and radiation patterns of small-to-medium sized lenses in reception. A truncated silicon lens with a diameter of only four free-space wavelengths is presented with almost 80% aperture efficiency. Excellent agreement with full-wave simulations is achieved, which demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed design and analysis methodology.
Generating knowledge networks from phenotypic descriptions (2016)

Several computing systems rely on information about living beings, such as Identification Keys — artifacts created by biologists to identify specimens following a flow of questions about their observable characters (phenotype). These questions are described in a free-text format, e.g., “big and black eye”. Free-texts hamper the automatic information interpretation by machines, limiting their ability to perform search and comparison of terms, as well as integration tasks. This paper proposes a method to extract phenotypic information from natural language texts from biology legacy information systems, transforming them in an Entity-Quality formalism — a format to represent each phenotype character (Entity) and its state (Quality). Our approach aligns automatically recognized. Entities and Qualities with domain concepts described in ontologies. It adopts existing Natural Language Processing techniques, adding an extra original step, which exploits intrinsic characteristics of phenotypic descriptions and of the organizational structure of Identification Keys. The approach was validated over the FishBase data. We conducted extensive experiments based on a manually annotated Gold Standard set to assess the precision and applicability of the proposed extraction method. The obtained results reveal the feasibility of our technique, its benefits and possibilities of scientific studies using the extracted knowledge network.
Investigations of barium and strontium dicarboxylates – new metaloorganic compounds (2011)

sepiolite ideal composition for two of them, which origin was from two thick (>1m) high grade sepiolite layer in Viclvaro and Barajas (Table ). Specimens sampled from less developed sepiolite layers showed a slight excess in F, Si and lower Mg occupation than ideal sepiolite [4]. It is observed a correlation between the high fl uorine content and low magnesium occupation of the studied samples with the loss of ideal structure.