gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating the primitive hierarchy of the PREMO standard to the standard reference model for intelligent multimedia presentation systems (1997)

The need for a suitable classification of media types arises for several reasons when building or comparing multimedia systems. Within an Intelligent Multimedia Presentation Systems (IMMPS) it is necessary to formulate and encode design knowledge for decision making on the appropriate medium in which to present information and for the generation of the presentation. It is also required in order to specify interfaces to and between system components which will be employed to run a generated presentation before the user's eyes. This task is reflected in the SRM (Standard Reference Model, see this volume) for IMMPS by the Presentation Display Layer. However, the SRM does not instantiate this layer in detail, but instead refers to the PREMO ISO/IEC standard which provides a reference model for a presentation runtime environment for multimedia. PREMO already contains a set of basic structures, the so-called PREMO Primitive Hierarchy, to describe different media types. Thus the question arises, as to how far the PREMO Primitive Hierarchy could serve as a media classification for the SRM in general. In particular, this would support consistency between the design and presentation layers of the SRM if PREMO were used to instantiate the Presentation Layer. In the report, we first point to a number of typical problems with generating classifications of media types. We then provide a brief introduction to PREMO and its Primitive Hierarchy. Finally, the benefits and costs of using the PREMO primitive hierarchy for the SRM are discussed.
Flocking generators: A PdE framework for stability of smart grids with communications (2012)

Power system stability, with the aid of communication infrastructure, is studied using the frameworks of flocking and partial difference equation (PdE). The system dynamics are described using PdE, which reflects the power network topology. Cases of communications with negligible or non-negligible delays are both considered. Conditions of system stability are derived, based on which an algorithm for designing the communication network is proposed. The conclusions are demonstrated using numerical simulations.
A mammalian cell line deficient in activity of the DNA repair enzyme 5-hydroxymethyluracil-DNA glycosylase is resistant to the toxic effects of the thymidine analog 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine. (1992)

We isolated a mutant mammalian cell line lacking activity for the DNA repair enzyme 5-hydroxymethyluracil-DNA glycosylase (HmUra-DNA glycosylase). The mutant was isolated through its resistance to the thymidine analog 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (HmdUrd). The mutant incorporates HmdUrd into DNA to the same extent as the parent line but, lacking the repair enzyme, does not remove it. The phenotype of the mutant demonstrates that the toxicity of HmdUrd does not result from substitution of thymine in DNA by HmUra but rather from the removal via base excision of large numbers of HmUra residues in DNA. This finding elucidates a novel mechanism of toxicity for a xenobiotic nucleoside. Furthermore, the isolation of this line supports our hypothesis that the enzymatic repairability of HmUra derives not from its formation opposite adenine via the oxidation of thymine, but rather from its formation opposite guanine as a product of the oxidation and subsequent deamination of 5-methylcytosine.
TDOA based direct positioning maximum likelihood estimator and the cramer-rao bound (2014)

The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and its performance for the localization of a stationary emitter using a network of spatially separated passive stationary sensors is presented. The conventional approach for localization using multiple sensors is to first estimate the time differences of arrival (TDOAs) independently between pairs of sensors and then find the location of the emitter using the intersection point of the hyperbolas defined by these TDOAs. It has recently been shown that this two-step approach is suboptimal and an alternate direct position determination (DPD) approach has been proposed. In the work presented here we take the DPD approach to derive the MLE and show that the MLE outperforms the conventional two-step approach.We analyze the two commonly occurring cases of signal waveform unknown and signal waveform known with unknown transmission time. This paper covers a wide variety of transmitted signals such as narrowband or wideband, lowpass or bandpass, etc. Sampling of the received signals has a quantization-like effect on the location estimate and so a continuous time model is used instead.We derive the Fisher information matrix (FIM) and show that the proposed MLE attains the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
Quadruply resonant optical parametric oscillation in a monolithic total-internal-reflection resonator (1993)

Monolithic total-internal-reflection resonators are low-loss broadband devices that permit variable input–output coupling. They are ideally suited as resonators for high-efficiency low-threshold widely tunable continuous-wave optical parametric oscillation. We demonstrate a continuous-wave quadruply resonant MgO:LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator in which doubly resonant second-harmonic generation and doubly resonant optical parametric oscillation occur simultaneously. The threshold subharmonic power at 1.06 μm for oscillation near 1.06 μm is 0.4 mW. Stable single-frequency operation is achieved, and the tuning curve is measured.
Early intervention for preventing posttraumatic stress disorder: an Internet-based virtual reality treatment (2015)

The results will provide more insight into the effects of preventive interventions, in general, and Internet-based early interventions, in particular, on PTSD, in an injured population, during the acute phase after trauma. We will discuss possible strengths and limitations.
The Effect of Cryoprotectants Concentration on Ice Crystal Propagation Velocity (2022)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Two physicochemical effects occur during vitrification: nucleation and crystallization. Nucleation is a statistical occurrence by its nature. Thus, the more water molecules that are present the higher are the chances for nucleation to occur. Crystallization is a first-order transition where a water molecule is incorporated into ice crystal. Intracellular viscosity, which is the combination of water, salts, and cryoprotectants (CPs), affects both the nucleation and crystal growth rates. Ice velocity is inversely correlated with the viscosity and directly proportional to the function of the system's supercooling. However, little is known about the speed of ice crystal propagation in vitrification solutions containing different concentrations of CPs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This article describes the ice crystal propagation velocity while referring to vitrification. Ice crystal propagation velocity was measured in solutions containing different CP (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], propylene glycol [PG], ethylene glycol [EG], and glycerol) concentrations at a supercooled temperature. The different CPs solutions were inserted into 0.25 mL straws and placed in different temperatures of an alcohol bath (<i>T</i><sub>c</sub>) at supercooling temperatures of -8°C to -10°C. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that ice crystal propagation is inversely correlated to CP concentrations. Interestingly, PG showed, with statistically significant results, lower ice crystal growth velocities up to concentrations of 30% (v/v), compared with DMSO, and EG at the same concentrations. The combination of EG with PG showed better results (0.25 mm/s) than EG with DMSO (0.39 mm/s) in terms of decreasing the ice crystal growth velocity. When the concentration was increased to 40% (v/v), EG showed the lowest ice crystal propagation velocity (0.09 mm/s), although not significantly different than PG and glycerol but significantly lower than DMSO (0.13 mm/s). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These results suggest that current vitrification solutions are not optimized. Based on our results, we suggest that combining PG with EG has advantages over the combination of DMSO and EG, which might promote successful cell and tissue vitrification.
Toluene derivatives as simple coupling precursors for cascade palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H bond acylation of acetanilides (2012)

A palladium-catalyzed cascade cross-coupling of acetanilide and toluene for the synthesis of ortho-acylacetanilide is described. Toluene derivatives can act as effective acyl precursors (upon sp(3)-C-H bond oxidation by a Pd/TBHP system) in the oxidative coupling between two C-H bonds. This dehydrogenative Pd-catalyzed ortho-acylation proceeds under mild reaction conditions.
Stability Analysis of TDD Networks Revisited: A trade-off between Complexity and Precision (2017)

In this paper, we revisit the stability region of a cellular time division duplex (TDD) network. We characterize the queuing stability region of a network model that consists of two types of communications: (i) users communicating with the base station and (ii) users communicating with each other by passing through the base station. When a communication passes through the base station (BS) then a packet cannot be delivered to the destination UE until it is first received by the BS queue from the source UE. Due to the relaying functionality at the BS level, a coupling is created between the queues of the source users and the BS queues. In addition, contrarily to the majority of the existing works where an ON/OFF model of transmission is considered, we assume a link adaptation model (i.e. multiple rate model) where the bit rate of a link depends on its radio conditions. The coupling between the queues as well as the multiple rate model are the main challenges that highly increase the complexity of the stability region characterization. In this paper, we propose a simple approach that permits to overcome these challenges and to provide a full characterization of the exact stability region as a convex polytope with a finite number of vertices. An approximated model is proposed for reducing the computational complexity of the exact stability region. For the multi-user scenario, a trade-off is established between the complexity and the preciseness of the approximated stability region compared to the exact one. Furthermore, numerical results are presented to corroborate our claims.
Effect of weight loss on the estimated glomerular filtration rates of obese patients at risk of chronic kidney disease: the RIGOR‐TMU study (2019)

Bariatric surgery was associated with eGFR preservation in all obese patients and, particularly, in those with moderate-to-high CKD risks. A longer term outcome study is warranted to determine the benefits of BS for CKD patients.
Pharmacologic Profile of a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Depolymerized by γ-Irradiation (1995)

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are considered to be the agent of choice for the prophylaxis of DVT in medical and surgical patients. Conventionally, these agents have been produced by fractionation of or by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of native heparin. The fractionated heparin retains many of its biological properties such as AT III affinity and sulfate content gamma-irradiation (60Co) has been used to depolymerize GAGs (De Ambrosi et al. In: biomedical and Biotechnological Advances in Industrial Polysaccharides, pp. 45-53). This procedures has now been used for the preparation of LMWH derivatives of varying molecular weight. The current studies examine the biochemical and pharmacologic profile of one such gamma-irradiated depolymerized heparin. In standard clotting and amidolytic antiprotease assays (PT, APTT, AXa, Alla), gamma-irradiated depolymerized heparin produced equal or stronger activity when compared to a LMWH produced by nitrous acid depolymerization and retained the ability to active AT III and HCHII. Initial results indicate that LMWHs produced by gamma-irradiation exhibit comparable antithrombotic actions to those produced by chemical depolymerization when measured in animal models of thrombosis. gamma-Irradiation may be a useful method for the production of LMWHs.
Evaluation and implementation of TeraScan reflected light die-to-database inspection mode for 65nm design node process (2005)

The standard inspection flow typically consists of transmitted light pattern inspection (die-to-die or die-to-database) and STAR<i>light</i><sup>TM</sup> (Simultaneous Transmitted And Reflective Light) contamination inspection. The initial introduction of TeraScan (DUV) inspection system was limited to transmitted pattern inspection modes. Hence, complete inspections of critical mask layers required utilizing TeraScan for maximized pattern defect sensitivity and the previous generation TeraStar (UV) for STAR<i>light</i><sup>TM</sup> contamination inspection. Recently, the reflective light die-to-database (dbR) inspection mode was introduced on the DUV tool to compliment transmitted light die-to-database (dbT) inspection. The dbR inspection mode provides not only pattern inspection but also contamination inspection capabilities. The intent of this evaluation is to characterize the dbR inspection capability on pattern defects and contaminations. A series of standard programmed defect test plates will be used to evaluate pattern inspection capability and a PSL test plate will be used to determine the contamination performance. Inspection results will be compared to the current inspection process of record (dbT + STAR<i>light</i><sup>TM</sup>). Lastly, the learning will be used to develop and implement an optimal dbR inspection flow for selected critical layers of the 65-nm node to meet the inspection criteria and minimize the cycle time.
Expression of Somatostatin Receptors in Childhood Neuroblastoma (1994)

Somatostatin receptors are expressed on certain neural crest-derived tumors, including pancreatic islet cell and carcinoid tumors, medullary thyroid carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, and paragangliomas. The authors evaluated the expression of high affinity somatostatin receptors in childhood neuroblastoma using autoradiography techniques with the somatostatin analogue 125I-octreotide or 125I-[Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]-SS-28 as the radioligand. Thirty tumors from 30 children with neuroblastoma were analyzed. Twenty-three of 30 tumors that were tested expressed somatostatin receptors. Correlation of somatostatin receptor expression with survival was statistically significant. The survival of those patients whose tumors expressed somatostatin receptors was of longer duration than that of patients whose tumors did not. This was an independent prognostic factor. Somatostatin receptors were expressed more frequently in tumor tissue from patients with lower stages of disease and in those with no evidence of N-myc amplification. Tumoral somatostatin receptors are expressed in a subgroup of patients with childhood neuroblastoma. Survival analysis in this group of patients indicates that somatostatin receptor expression is a favorable prognostic factor. This finding may have important implications for the therapy of children with this malignancy.
Equilibrium studies by electron spin resonance. 16. Effect of charge density upon ion association thermodynamics and kinetics in liquid ammonia (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium studies by electron spin resonance. 16. Effect of charge density upon ion association thermodynamics and kinetics in liquid ammoniaCheryl D. StevensonCheryl D. StevensonMore by Cheryl D. Stevenson, Dean J. LovettDean J. LovettMore by Dean J. Lovett, and Richard C. ReiterRichard C. ReiterMore by Richard C. ReiterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 18, 4461–4464Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100409a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100409a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
INDIVIDUAL DETERMINATION OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN A SINGLE SMALL SAMPLE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD (1961)

ABSTRACT A method is described for the individual determination of corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and cortisol (11β,17,21 -trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) in 2.5 ml of peripheral plasma. The method is based on the different partition coefficients of these steroids between water and carbon tetrachloride, allowing of separation by simple extractions. The steroids are determined by reading the fluorescence in a mixture of sulfuric acid and alcohol.
Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (1996)

Summary form only given. Implementations of OCT, which take advantage of the spectral bandwidth of low coherence sources for tissue spectroscopy, have not yet been reported. We describe a novel technique for depth-resolved coherent backscatter spectroscopy, which is an extension of OCT technology. Our system incorporates an OCT scanner illuminated by a superluminescent diode (SLD) at 1.3-/spl mu/m center wavelength. In the low-coherence interferometer, a scanning reference mirror generates the temporal cross-correlation function of light reflected from the reference mirror, and that backscattered from the sample arm target. A separate helium-neon interferometer is utilized for digital correction of artifacts in the low-coherence interferometer output due to nonlinearities in the reference arm retroreflector stage velocity. The low-coherence interferometric signal is digitally demodulated and filtered to obtain the complete complex envelope of the interferometric signal, which is required for the spectroscopic technique. Using this system, low-coherence interferograms with accurate sampling intervals and high dynamic range (>98 dB) are acquired.
Flexibility in Executive Strategies (1980)

Executive strategies determine the allocation of cognitive resources during problem-solving. Earlier research has suggested that people can adopt alternative strategies for solving particular problems. This note examines an 'opportunistic' model of executive strategies and evaluates some of its predictions for performance of an errand-planning task. Five experiments confirmed that (a) people can adopt different strategies for this task; (b) people can learn new strategies from explicit instruction or from experience; (c) problem characteristics can influence which strategy people adopt; and (d) adopted strategy interacts with problem characteristics to determine planning time and number and importance of planned errands. The results also suggest that some people have a proclivity toward adopting a particular strategy and resist adopting a new one. Implications of the results and desirable properties of the model are discussed. (Author)
Tuning the selectivity of highly sensitive chemiresistive nanoparticle networks by encapsulation with metal–organic frameworks (2021)

Selective chemiresistive gas sensing using metal–organic framework encapsulated ultra-porous metal oxide nanoparticle network.
Long-term Failure Rate of Brackets Bonded with Plasma and High-intensity Light-emitting Diode Curing Lights (2007)

High-intensity LED curing lights present a 2.5 times higher failure rate relative to plasma lamps for nominally identical irradiation time. Mandibular teeth show almost 150% higher failure incidence compared with maxillary teeth. No effect from the arch side (right vs left) and location (anterior vs posterior) was identified in this study.
Inter-Valence-Subband/Conduction-Band-Transport IR Detectors (2004)

Infrared (IR) detectors characterized by a combination of (1) high-quantum-efficiency photoexcitation of inter-valence-subband transitions of charge carriers and (2) high-mobility conduction- band transport of the thus-excited charge carriers have been proposed in an effort to develop focal-plane arrays of such devices for infrared imaging. Like many prior quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), the proposed devices would be made from semiconductor heterostructures. In order to obtain the combination of characteristics mentioned above, the proposed devices would be designed and fabricated in novel InAs/GaSb superlattice configurations that would exploit a phenomenon known in the semiconductor art as type-II broken-gap band offset.
Self-Floating Carbon Nanotube Membrane on Macroporous Silica Substrate for Highly Efficient Solar-Driven Interfacial Water Evaporation (2016)

Given the emerging energy and water challenges facing mankind, solar-driven water evaporation has been gaining renewed research attention from both academia and industry as an energy-efficient means of wastewater treatment and clean water production. In this project, a bilayered material, consisting of a top self-floating hydrophobic CNT membrane and a bottom hydrophilic macroporous silica substrate, was logically designed and fabricated for highly energy-efficient solar-driven water evaporation based on the concept of interfacial heating. The top thin CNT membrane with excellent light adsorption capability acted as photothermal component, which harvested and converted almost the entire incident light to heat for exclusive heating of interfacial water. On the other hand, the macroporous silica substrate provided multifunctions toward further improvement of operation stability and water evaporation performance of the material, including water pumping, mechanical support, and heat barriers. The silica substrate was conducive in forming the rough surface structures of the CNT top layers during vacuum filtration and thus indirectly contributed to high light adsorption by the top CNT layers. With optimized thicknesses of the CNT top layer and silica substrate, a solar thermal conversion efficiency of 82% was achieved in this study. The bilayered material also showed great performance toward water evaporation from seawater and contaminated water, realizing the separation of water from pollutants and indicating its application versatility