gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Honeycomb‐like aluminum antennas for surface‐enhanced infrared absorption sensing (2023)

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a competent method to detect trace quantity of molecules and even protein conformational flexibility by enhancing their vibrational modes. To improve the spectroscopy features, we propose a surface with honeycomb-like (HC) arrangement of aluminum equilateral triangles within a metal-insulator-metal configuration. With adjustable geometric parameters, the HC nanoantennas allow a tunable and wide spectral coverage in the IR. The reflectance measurements correlate extremely well with the numerical simulations. Being compact and insensitive to the light polarization, the HC are appealing for boosting the signal-to-noise ratio and increasing the number of hotspots as required for sensing applications. These nanoantennas are thus suitable for accurate and broadband SEIRA sensing via a spectral overlap between the large plasmonic resonances and the narrow IR vibrational modes of our analyte (vanillin). In line with our previously studied bowties nanoantennas, we demonstrate, using HC, SEIRA enhancement factors greater than 10<sup>7</sup> achieved at a tuning ratio below 1 stating the best spectral overlap. Around 10<sup>4</sup> molecules are sensed per HC tip. The investigation results are matching the best-reported SEIRA studies. These findings pave the way toward sensitive, adaptable, and miniaturized IR spectroscopy devices for vital applications like biosensing and environmental monitoring.
Fabrication of quaternary composite scaffold from silk fibroin, chitosan, gelatin, and alginate for skin regeneration (2015)

ABSTRACT Quaternary composite scaffold consisting of chitosan, alginate, gelatin, and silk fibroin, was fabricated by applying foaming method, for tissue engineering applications. The fabricated scaffold was evaluated for its applicability in skin tissue regeneration. The environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire surface of the scaffold with mean pore size 92±11.8 μm and the porosity 88%. The scaffold showed good mechanical stability under physiological conditions as determined by short term mechanical stability testing. In vitro scaffold‐degradation study showed no degradation at day 1 and from day 3 scaffold starts degrading. The degradation of the composite scaffold after 28 days was 38%. Less degradation rate of the scaffold might be beneficial, as it can provide sufficient time for the formation of neo‐tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue regeneration. In vitro cell culture studies by seeding L929 mouse fibroblast cells over composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion as indicated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay and ESEM of cell‐scaffold construct. Giemsa staining of L929 fibroblast cells over the scaffold showed fibroblastic morphology of L929 cells, having elongated cells with nuclei and faint cytoplasm, and these cells are positive for Oil Red stain and negative for Alizarin Red staining—indicating that they maintained their dermal fibroblastic phenotype and were not differentiated into any other cell types in presence of composite scaffold. Results of histological staining supports growth and viability of L929 fibroblasts over scaffold, thereby proving the great prospective of this scaffold for skin tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42743.
Determination of the Mass Concentration and the Activity of the Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) (2003)

In human plasma, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides can exchange between various lipoprotein fractions through the action of one specific lipid transfer protein: the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) (, ). Since in vivo CETP activity results in the redistribution of neutral lipid species between pro-and antiatherogenic lipoprotein particles, a marked interest has been given to the evaluation of CETP mass and activity in human plasma; and during the last decade, several specific assays—including net mass transfer assays, isotopic transfer assays, and immunoassays—have been proposed. In fact, the cholesteryl ester transfer reaction is a complex process that integrates a sequence of events and is dependent on a number of factors, among them the CETP mass concentration, as well as the amount and the composition of the plasma lipoprotein substrates (). Thus, the evaluation of plasma CETP activity should ideally integrate several methods in order to obtain a clear picture of what is occurring. Two distinct methods are described in this chapter: (1) a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the CETP protein; and (2) an isotopic transfer assay, which evaluates the activity of CETP as modulated by endogenous plasma factors.
Correlation between Dose of Ethacrynic Acid and Weight of Cat in the Cat Deafening Procedure (2010)

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Root development in Arabidopsis: four mutants with dramatically altered root morphogenesis (1993)

A genetic analysis of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana has identified mutants that have abnormal morphogenesis. Four of these root morphogenesis mutants show dramatic alterations in post-embryonic root development. The short-root mutation results in a change from indeterminate to determinate root growth and the loss of internal root cell layers. The cobra and lion's tail mutations cause abnormal root cell expansion which is conditional upon the rate of root growth. Expansion is greatest in the epidermal cells in cobra and in the stele cells in lion's tail. The sabre mutation causes abnormal cell expansion that is greatest in the root cortex cell layer and is independent of the root growth rate. The tissue-specific effects of these mutations were characterized with monoclonal antibodies and a transgenic marker line. Genetic combinations of the four mutants have provided insight into the regulation of growth and cell shape during Arabidopsis root development.
Concise Encyclopedia of Magnetic and Superconducting Materials Ed. 2 (2006)

Magnetic and superconducting materials pervade every avenue of the technological world – from microelectronics and mass-data storage to medicine and heavy engineering. Both areas have experienced a recent revitalisation of interest due to the discovery of new materials, and the re-evaluation of a wide range of basic mechanisms and phenomena. This Concise Encyclopedia draws its material from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Materials and Engineering, and includes updates and revisions not available in the original set -- making it the ideal reference companion for materials scientists and engineers with an interest in magnetic and superconducting materials.
Experiments on the Flow Behind a Swept Backward-Facing Step : Reattachment Region (2003)

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Laboratory Evaluation and Field Construction of Roller-Compacted Concrete for Testing under Accelerated Loading (2015)

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development has seen a rapid decline of low-volume roadway serviceability in recent years as a result of oil and gas exploration within the Fayetteville Shale Play near Shreveport, Louisiana. Similar results are expected on the low-volume roadway network within the Tuscaloosa Shale Play, north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as exploration expands. The objectives of this research were to determine appropriate proportions of roller-compacted concrete mixture for the construction of accelerated loading test lanes and to document field construction activities. Concrete samples were produced with four cement contents to determine the effect of moisture and density; the samples were tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of age. The field testing included nuclear density testing, thickness measurements, and field-prepared compressive strength specimens. A walking profiler was used to determine the international roughness index (IRI). All laboratory-produced mixtures exceeded a compressive strength of 4,000 pounds per square inch (psi). When the desired surface characteristics and density were considered, 450 lb/yd 3 was chosen as the minimum cementitious content for the construction of the test lanes. The field construction results showed that the speed of construction affected the density, the IRI, and the surface characteristics. An increased speed of construction yielded a rougher surface texture (an increased IRI between 360 and 620 in./mi) and slightly lower densities. The compressive strengths were still adequate and exceeded 4,500 psi at 28 days old. On the basis of the field results, IRI values in the 100- to 130-in./mi range and compressive strengths exceeding 5,000 psi may be expected in a full-scale roadway construction effort.
Standard moments based vessel bifurcation filter for computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules (2010)

This work describes a method that can discriminate between a solid pulmonary nodule and a pulmonary vessel bifurcation point at a given candidate location on a CT scan using the method of standard moments. The algorithm starts with the estimation of a spherical window around a nodule candidate center that best captures the local shape properties of the region. Then, given this window, the standard set of moments, invariant to rotation and scale is computed over the geometric representation of the region. Finally, a feature vector composed of the moment values is classified as either a nodule or a vessel bifurcation point. The performance of this technique was evaluated on a dataset containing 276 intraparenchymal nodules and 276 selected vessel bifurcation points. The method resulted in 99% sensitivity and 80% specificity in identifying nodules, which makes this technique an efficient filter for false positives reduction. Its efficiency was further evaluated on the dataset of 656 low-dose chest CT scans. Inclusion of this filter into a design of an experimental detection system resulted in up to a 69% decrease in false positive rate in detection of intraparenchymal nodules with less than 1% loss in sensitivity.
New materials for ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures (1988)

Physical properties of typical molecular structures for ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures are discussed. New nonchiral SmC substances and chiral dopants are introduced.
Aerosol Synthesis of Porous Particles Using Simple Salts as a Pore Template (2010)

Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis has been used as a facile aerosol route to macroporous SiO(2) particles using simple inorganic salts as a pore template and colloidal SiO(2) as building blocks to the larger porous particles. As we found, the use of template salts with low melting points was vital to macroporous particle synthesis, as a dynamic droplet phase can be maintained throughout product formation. Otherwise, relatively compact particles are produced. Significantly, this approach avoids the need for post-isolation elimination of the template, instead permitting aqueous removal during product collection. Produced particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, and surface area and pore size measurements, while the influence of the selected salts on the reactivity between the building block SiO(2) colloids is discussed.
Molecular basis of insulin receptor function (1989)

Insulin regulates a wide spectrum of metabolic processes in a variety of tissues. In addition, insulin is a potent growth factor, promoting normal cell growth and division in cultured cells, though the physiological importance of such actions in man is less certain. Some of the effects of insulin are very rapid and apparent within seconds, for example those on transport processes and the activity of regulatory enzymes. Other effects, such as those on enzyme concentrations and cell growth, may be manifest only over a period of many minutes or even hours. Such differences in time dependence may be more a reflection of the nature of the processes themselves than an indication of different signalling mechanisms. However, it is still unclear whether the regulation of diverse metabolic processes by insulin involves just one or multiple distinct primary intracellular signals. We will review here what is at present known about the structure and activity of the receptor, and current ideas on signalling mechanisms.
Influence of Carboxyl Charge Density on Properties of Extruded Cellulose Films (2021)

Modified pure cellulose-based films were prepared via a scalable process by cellulose carboxymethylation, producing an alkaline dope and flow casting through a slit in an acid bath, followed by washing and drying. The effect of different carboxyl charge densities (0.9, 1.5, and 2.5 mmol/g) on several properties of the films was investigated. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed the formation of carboxyl bonds on cellulose. However, more carboxyl charge caused more fiber dissolution, which greatly affected physical and mechanical properties of the films. It was found that the most transparent, stretchable, moisture absorbent, and densest films were produced with a 2.5 mmol/g charge density, while the highest tenacity and lowest water vapor permeation was measured for 1.5 mmol/g films. Overall, this straightforward procedure can be applied for the fabrication of biodegradable, recyclable, water insoluble, and strong films, a great promising alternative to plastics for packaging.
Electrocatalytic Efficiency Regulation between Target-Induced HRP-Mimicking DNAzyme and GOx with Low Background for Ultrasensitive Detection of Thrombin (2019)

Herein, an efficient target-activated enzyme cascade electrocatalysis with low background signal was employed to establish electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin via regulating electrocatalytic efficiency between target-induced hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme (HRP-mimicking DNAzyme) and glucose oxidase (GOx). Impressively, only when the target thrombin was introduced, the HRP-mimicking DNAzyme acting simultaneously as electrochemical signal probe would be formed to activate high-efficiency enzyme cascade electrocatalysis for reducing background signal significantly, which could overcome the defect of inevitable high background signal during the detection of target in the traditional cascade electrocatalysis of two existing bioenzymes. In addition, the detection sensitivity could be further improved by regulating the side length of rigid DNA tetrahedron (TDN) scaffold anchored HRP-mimicking DNAzyme and GOx at adjacent vertices for high enzyme cascade electrocatalytic efficiency. Consequently, the proposed biosensor demonstrated a low detection limit down to 0.3 fM for target thrombin, which provided a promising method for ultrasensitive monitoring of biomolecules in sensing analysis and disease diagnosis.
Lewis‐Säure‐vermittelte benzylische Kreuzkupplungen von Pyridinen mit Arylbromiden (2011)

ZnCl2, Sc(OTf)3 oder BF3⋅OEt2 vermitteln die Pd-katalysierte Arylierung von Methylpyridinen und ähnlichen Heterocyclen (siehe Beispiel). Die Komplexierung des Stickstoffatoms im Heterocyclus durch die Lewis-Säure erleichtert die reduktive Eliminierung, was in hohen Ausbeuten zu zahlreichen arylierten Produkten führt. Mit BF3⋅OEt2 gelingt darüber hinaus im Fall des 2,4-Lutidins eine hoch regioselektive Metallierung.
Challenge model for Helicobacter pylori infection in human volunteers (2004)

Challenge reliably resulted in H pylori infection. Infection was associated with typical H pylori gastritis with intense polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and interleukin 8 induction in gastric mucosa, despite absence of the cag pathogenicity island. Experimental H pylori infection is one of the viable approaches to evaluate vaccine candidates.
Microstructural Analysis of Nanomaterials Synthesized from Unserviceable Tires (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and Experimental Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Speaker and Session Variability in GMM-Based Speaker Verification (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a corpus-based approach to speaker verification in which maximum-likelihood II criteria are used to train a large-scale generative model of speaker and session variability which we call joint factor analysis. Enrolling a target speaker consists in calculating the posterior distribution of the hidden variables in the factor analysis model and verification tests are conducted using a new type of likelihood II ratio statistic. Using the NIST 1999 and 2000 speaker recognition evaluation data sets, we show that the effectiveness of this approach depends on the availability of a training corpus which is well matched with the evaluation set used for testing. Experiments on the NIST 1999 evaluation set using a mismatched corpus to train factor analysis models did not result in any improvement over standard methods, but we found that, even with this type of mismatch, feature warping performs extremely well in conjunction with the factor analysis model, and this enabled us to obtain very good results (equal error rates of about 6.2%). </para>
Structural Effects in High-Temperature Electrooptic Chromophores (1996)

High-temperature, polyimide-like electrooptic chromophores were found to possess markedly different linear and nonlinear optical properties for two very similar structural isomers. Dc-induced second harmonic generation measurements showed that in the near-infrared region, there is more than a factor of 4 difference in the second-order optical responses for the two model isomer structures.
Total Dose Performance of Conventional Static and Dynamic Circuits In a Radhard 0.18-&amp;#956;m FDSOI Process (2006)

Static and dynamic circuits were fabricated in the MIT-LL 0.18-/spl mu/m FDSOI CMOS process, and exhibited a high tolerance to total dose radiation up to 1 Mrad (SiO/sub 2/). Circuits were designed using conventional design rules and layout techniques, i.e., they are not radhard-by-design. Hardening was done at the circuit fabrication level using process enhancements. These are the first circuit-level hardness results reported to date for these new enhancements.
A high efficiency current-mode DC-DC step-down converter with wide range of output current (2010)

This paper presents a high efficiency current-mode DC-DC step-down converter with wide range of output current. The converter adaptively operates as Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). An on-chip current sensing technique is employed to reduce external components and no extra I/O pins are needed for the current-mode controller. A soft-start operation is designed to eliminate the excess large current during the startup of the regulator. The circuit has been designed with TSMC 2P4M 0.35 μm CMOS process. The range of the supply voltage is from 2 to 5V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery.
Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Titanium Diboride Matrix Composites (2008)

Titanium diboride composites have been fabricated using the forced-flow thermalgradient chemical vapor infiltration technique developed at ORNL. This system has the potential for very high temperature use due to titanium diboride's exceptionally high melting temperature, 3498 K, which should yield high creep resistance. The diboride also has a high thermal and electrical conductivity at all temperatures, well in excess of those of the constituent elements. Preforms prepared from high-strength, high-temperature carbon fabric layups and filament wound tubes have been infiltrated to <15% residual porosity. Intermediate coatings protected the fibers during processing and appropriately weakened the fiber-matrix bond to obtain toughening. Although the composite exhibits moderate strength, microcracking of the matrix due to fiber/matrix expansion mismatch may make structural use of the composite questionable.
[Congenital malformations in Sweden]. (1987)

The thalidomide catastrophy in the early 1960th clearly demonstrated the need of accurate epidemiological data of birth defects. Since 1963 there is in Sweden like in many other countries a continuous registration of congenital malformations in order to provide data for the early detection of changes in frequencies or patterns of defects and thus also to facilitate early identification of new environmental teratogens. During the more than 20 years period the Swedish register has been in operation an increase in the incidence of certain malformations such as omphalocele, hypospadia and Down's syndrome in the offspring of young mothers has been observed. Despite rather extensive studies no explanation for these changes has so far been found. Due to the great concern in the public about the relation between environmental factors and the occurrence of congenital malformations it is of great importance that the register can be used to elucidate the situation when there has been a suspicion of increased teratogenic risks in certain areas of Sweden or when pregnant women have special working conditions. The rate of malformations has been found to be higher among infants born to women coded as laboratory technicians than in the rest of the Swedish population. So far, no specific teratogenic factor has been identified. In Sweden no relation has been found between the incidence of congenital malformations and socioeconomic conditions. The incidence of neural tube defects has been found to be higher than expected in a count in Western Sweden.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Towards radar-enabled sensor networks (2006)

Ultrawideband radar-enabled wireless sensor networks have the potential to address key detection and classification requirements common to many surveillance and tracking applications. However, traditional radar signal processing techniques are mismatched with the limited computational and storage resources available on typical sensor nodes. The mismatch is exacerbated in noisy, cluttered environments or when the signals have corrupted spectra. To explore the compatibility of ultrawideband radar and mote-class sensor nodes, we designed and built a new platform called the Radar Mote. An early prototype of this platform was used to detect, classify, and track people and vehicles moving through an outdoor sensor network deployment. This paper describes the sensor's theory of operation, discusses the design and implementation of the Radar Mote, and presents sample signal waveforms of people, vehicles, noise, and clutter. We demonstrate that radar sensors can be successfully integrated with mote-class devices and imbue them with an extraordinarily useful sensing modality.
Preparation of immobilized enzyme membranes for sensor materials by plasma polymerization technique. (1990)

プロパルギルアルコールをモノマーとするプラズマ重合膜で限外濾過膜の細孔内に酵素を包括する方法により,グルコースオキシダーゼ固定化膜とウレアーゼ固定化膜を作製した.前者は酸素電極に取り付けてグルコースセンサー,後者はアンモニア電極に取り付けて尿素センサーとした.固定化酵素の量を変えて電極応答の検量線を求めると,両者とも直線が得られるが,その傾きはグルコースセンサーでは酵素量に比例し,尿素センサーでは酵素量が少ないときに,正の方向に逆転する場合が見られた.最適pHは,両者ともに遊離の酵素よりもやや塩基性寄りになった.又尿素センサーでは,前述した尿素濃度の変化に伴う電位の変化の理論との逆転が,pH6.0～7.0で生じることが分かった.
Sub-micrometer patterning of strip-antiresonant-reflecting-optical waveguide structures by e-beam direct writing (1994)

Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structures in strip configuration have been designed and fabricated on a SiON- SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-Si-wafer. The ARROW structures have been calculated by combining the effective index method with the transfer matrix approach and their field distribution by FEM. The width of the reflectors corresponds to the (lambda) /4 layers for the lateral component of the wavevector and, therefore, strips of 0.2 to 0.6 micrometers width are patterned by e-beam direct writing and etched into SiON by RIE. As an application a directional coupler consisting of two parallel strip-ARROWs is realized on the same substrate. The coupling length is a periodic function of the waveguide separation because of the leaky wave mechanism in waveguiding. Remote coupling up to 93 micrometers is demonstrated experimentally.