gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 3‘- and 5‘-Nitrooxy Pyrimidine Nucleoside Nitrate Esters:  “Nitric Oxide Donor” Agents for Evaluation as Anticancer and Antiviral Agents (2003)

A group of 3'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridines, 3'-O-nitro-2'-deoxycytidines, and 5'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridines possessing a variety of substituents (H, Me, F, I) at the C-5 position were synthesized for evaluation as anticancer/antiviral agents that have the ability to concomitantly release cytotoxic nitric oxide (*NO). Although these compounds generally released a greater percent of *NO than the reference drug isosorbide dinitrate upon incubation in the presence of l-cysteine, or serum, their cytotoxicity (CC(50) = 10(-3) to 10(-6) M range) was comparable to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, but weaker than 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, against a variety of cancer cell lines. No differences in cytotoxicity against nontransfected (KBALB, 143B), and the corresponding transfected (KBALB-STK, 143B-LTK) cancer cell lines possessing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase gene (TK(+)) were observed, indicating that expression of the viral TK enzyme did not provide a gene therapeutic effect. These nitrate esters were inactive antiviral agents except for 5-iodo-3'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine that showed modest activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus.
Recovery of Warm Ischemic Rat Liver Grafts by Normothermic Extracorporeal Perfusion (2009)

Liver transplantation is currently the only established treatment of end-stage liver disease, but it is limited by a severe shortage of viable donor livers. Donors after cardiac death (DCD) are an untapped source that could significantly increase the pool of available livers. Preservation of these DCD livers by conventional static cold storage (SCS) is associated with an unacceptable risk of primary nonfunction and delayed graft failure. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) has been suggested as an improvement over SCS. Livers recovered from male Lewis rats were subjected to 1 hr of warm ischemia and preserved with 5 hr of SCS or NELP, and transplanted into syngeneic recipients. As additional controls, non-ischemic livers preserved with 6 hr of SCS or NELP and unpreserved ischemic livers were transplanted. After NELP, ischemically damaged livers could be orthotopically transplanted into syngeneic recipients with 92% survival (n=13) after 4 weeks, which was comparable with control animals that received healthy livers preserved by SCS (n=9) or NELP (n=11) for 6 hr. On the other hand, animals from ischemia/SCS control group all died within 12 hr postoperatively (n=6). Similarly, animals that received ischemic livers without preservation all died within 24 hr after transplantation (n=6). These results suggest that NELP has the potential to reclaim warm ischemic livers that would not be transplantable otherwise. The rat model in this study is a useful platform to further optimize NELP as a method of recovery and preservation of DCD livers.
Machine Learning in Higher Education: Students’ Performance Assessment Considering Online Activity Logs (2023)

Machine learning in Education is receiving more attention from researchers as the number of students at all levels globally is increasing. To ensure students’ success in K-12 educational institutions and higher education institutions work needs to be done to assist students, teachers/professors, parents, and all stakeholders to provide the support that students need. The need and motivation for such systems are very well-established and thus the aim of this work is to develop a system based on modified machine learning models to automatically predict students’ performance and subsequently identify students at risk. The DEEDs dataset is used in this study. Novel features were extracted and applied to well-known classifiers some of which are ensemble classifiers. These classifiers were also combined with base learners such as bagging and boosting. The problem was divided into three scenarios; binary classification of the pass and fail, three class scenarios, and four class scenarios. It was shown that ensemble methods combined with base learners of boosting and bagging significantly increase the accuracy for binary classification, slightly increase accuracy for three class problems, and have no significance in increasing the accuracy when the problem is 4 classes. The ensemble algorithm of bagging and boosting FDT achieved an accuracy of 98.25% for binary classification and 89.47% for three classes. The standard ensemble FDT achieved an accuracy of 77.19% for four classes. The results obtained for binary classification were compared with results reported in the extant literature using the same dataset proving that the proposed modified algorithms achieved better results than similarly proposed methods. The three-class and four-class results could not be compared because according to the author’s knowledge, there are no research papers published for the same dataset for multi-class classification.
Optical-absorption intensities and intermanifold emission cross sections of trivalent erbium ions in calcium fluorophosphate (2005)

A spectroscopic analysis is performed on trivalent erbium ions, Er3+, doped into calcium fluorophosphate (FAP) to assess this material for its potential as a near-infrared laser host. The Judd-Ofelt model is applied to the orientation-averaged, room-temperature absorption intensities of Er3+ in FAP to obtain the phenomenological intensity parameters: Ω2=5.86×10−20cm2, Ω4=0.38×10−20cm2, and Ω6=0.88×10−20cm2. The intensity parameters are used to determine the radiative decay rates (emission probabilities), radiative lifetimes, and branching ratios of the Er3+ transitions from the upper multiplet manifolds to the corresponding lower-lying multiplet manifolds LJ2S+1 of Er3+ in FAP. Using the radiative decay rates for Er3+ transitions between the corresponding excited states and the lower-lying states, the radiative lifetimes of eight excited states are determined in this host. The room temperature fluorescence lifetime and the radiative lifetime of the Er3+I13∕24→I15∕24(1.53μm) transition are reported and the quantum efficiency is determined to be 69% for 1.0wt%Er3+:FAP. In addition, the orientationally resolved emission cross sections for the S3∕24→I15∕24 and I13∕24→I15∕24 transitions are presented.
TNFR1 and TNFR2 Expression and Induction on Human Treg Cells from Type 1 Diabetic Subjects (2015)

Several autoimmune diseases are marked by a deficiency of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The TNF deficiency is caused in at least one autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis, by an overabundance of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Excess TNFR1 binds and inactivates TNF and this leaves less TNF bioavailable. This study sought to determine if expression of fresh or IL2-stimulated TNF receptors on Tregs cells, an important immunoregulatory cell involved in autoimmunity, is altered in type I diabetes. Standard fluorescence analysis was used to examine the levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on human Tregs in patients with type I diabetes (T1D) or controls. Fresh Tregs from T1D compared to control Tregs had identical levels of TNFR1. In marked contrast, Type 1 diabetic patients Treg cells had statistically elevated levels of TNFR2 compared to controls. Tregs stimulated with IL2 from both T1D and controls showed marked increase of TNFR2 expression in a dose-response manner, but the dose response increase in TNFR2 was significantly higher for T1D Treg cells. No IL2 dose-response was present for TNFR1 on either T1D or control Tregs exposed to IL2. A large study of serum for secreted levels of TNFR2 also revealed elevated circulating levels consistent with the elevated surface expression on Tregs. These findings suggest that abnormal regulation of TNFR2 expression with elevated cellular and secreted levels of TNFR2 is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes. It is possible that the relative deficiency of TNF in type I diabetes, in contrast to multiple sclerosis, is caused by excess expression of TNFR such as TNFR2, a binding structure for inactivating TNF.
Fundamental characteristics of thickness vibrations of langasite plates for baw resonators (1994)

Based on theoretical and experimental investigations further possibility of La3Ga5SiO14 - langasite (LGS) application for BAW resonators is described. Anisotropy of frequency coefficients Nf, temperature- frequency coefficients (TCF), electromechanical coupling coefficients (ks) for these modes of vibration of langasite has been investigated.
A evolução da Química Medicinal no Brasil: avanços nos 40 anos da Sociedade Brasileira de Química (2017)

Medicinal Chemistry includes the invention, discovery, design, identification, and interpretation of the molecular mechanism of action of biologically active compounds. In addition to the discovery of bioactive molecules, Medicinal Chemistry investigates drug metabolism and the relationships between chemical structure and biological activity. The advances achieved in the 20th century have significantly contributed to the better understanding of pathophysiological processes as well as the development of new, safer and more effective drugs for many diseases. In this article, we review the evolution of Medicinal Chemistry in Brazil during the last 40 years and evaluate the impact of the Brazilian contributions in the international context. The analyzed data revealed that Medicinal Chemistry research in Brazil has increased exponentially in the last two decades, the research groups became more well-distributed across the Brazilian regions and our scientific contributions have significant impact in the main journals of the field. Therefore, aiming at evolving steadily and striving for excellence in drug discovery and development, we shall focus on national and international collaborations and investment in translational research, as well.
SIMI - an automated environment for the intelligent planning of actions in flexible manufacturing cells (2004)

Planning is a large, and growing area of artificial intelligence. The planning's main idea is to generate a sequence of actions for an agent, such as a robot, that can change its environment. For more than 30 years, planning systems have been an active research topic, and a number of approaches have been developed. In the last years, the case-based approach is the one, which has received more attention in the area. This is due to the reduction of the space search achieved, leading to better planner's performance. In this context, this work intends to provide a general view of an intelligent integrated environment, which generates an automatic sequencing of actions capable of producing parts in a flexible manufacturing cell. The main component system of this environment is a case-based planner, called PLANCE-E.
Growth and optical properties of single-crystal tubular ZnO whiskers (2003)

The growth of single-crystal tubular ZnO whiskers was achieved via a process of first reduction and following oxidation of ZnS powders. The products were characterized using x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The whiskers are tubular single crystals with the [001] growth crystallographic direction, and most have outer diameters of ∼400 nm, lengths of up to 15 μm, and wall thickness range of 100–150 nm. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the whiskers reveals a strong and sharp UV emission band at 381 nm and a weak and broad green emission band at 583 nm. Possible growth mechanism of the ZnO whiskers was briefly discussed.
Immunolocalization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 and ‐3 and Osteogenic Protein‐1 during murine tooth root morphogenesis and in other craniofacial structures (1999)

The distribution of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, and -3 (BMP-2 and BMP-3) and Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1, also known as BMP-7) during root morphogenesis and in other craniofacial structures was examined in sections of 12- to 18-d-old mouse heads using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. BMP-3 and OP-1 were localized in alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament, whereas BMP-2 was only localized in the alveolar bone of periodontium. All three BMPs were localized in predentine, dentine, odontoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoid, cartilage, chondrocytes and spiral limbus. BMP-2 and OP-1 were also localized in spiral ligament and interdentate cells of the cochlea, whilst BMP-3 was restricted to the spiral ganglion. BMP-3 was also localized in ducts of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, acini of the lacrimal gland, Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, nerve fibres of the cerebellum and brain, afferent cells of the dorsal root ganglia, inferior alveolar nerve, and peripheral processes of the vestibulocochlear nerve. OP-1 was also localized in hair and whisker follicles, sclera of the eye and in ameloblasts. The demonstration of BMP-3 in the nervous system suggests that this protein may be neurotrophic during development and maintenance of the nervous system. The composite expression of BMPs/OPs during periodontal tissue morphogenesis suggests that optimal therapeutic regeneration may entail the combined use of different BMPs/OPs.
Additive Noise Annealing and Approximation Properties of Quantized Neural Networks (2019)

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of the quantization problem for artificial neural networks. We provide a mathematical definition of quantized neural networks and analyze their approximation capabilities, showing in particular that any Lipschitz-continuous map defined on a hypercube can be uniformly approximated by a quantized neural network. We then focus on the regularization effect of additive noise on the arguments of multi-step functions inherent to the quantization of continuous variables. In particular, when the expectation operator is applied to a non-differentiable multi-step random function, and if the underlying probability density is differentiable (in either classical or weak sense), then a differentiable function is retrieved, with explicit bounds on its Lipschitz constant. Based on these results, we propose a novel gradient-based training algorithm for quantized neural networks that generalizes the straight-through estimator, acting on noise applied to the network's parameters. We evaluate our algorithm on the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet image classification benchmarks, showing state-of-the-art performance on AlexNet and MobileNetV2 for ternary networks.
Safety of zoledronic acid in patients who have previously received bisphosphonate therapy (2004)

8156 Background: Because pamidronate was the previous standard of care for patients with bone involvement from breast cancer, many patients will be treated with zoledronic acid after exposure to pamidronate. Therefore, it is important to demonstrate that switching patients from pamidronate to zoledronic acid will not result in an increase in bisphosphonate-related side effects. A phase IV study was conducted to examine the benefits of zoledronic acid on pain palliation and quality of life and to assess the overall and renal safety profile of zoledronic acid in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma with or without a history of bisphosphonate therapy. Methods: Zoledronic acid (4 mg) was administered via 15-minute infusion every 3 or 4 weeks for 6 infusions. Adverse events were recorded, and serum creatinine was measured before each infusion. Notable serum creatinine increases were defined as ≥ 0.5 mg/dL, if baseline was < 1.4 mg/dL; ≥ 1 mg/dL, if baseline was ≥ 1.4 mg/dL; or as any doubling of serum creatinine. Adverse events and serum creatinine levels were reported by tumor type and history of bisphosphonate therapy. Results: Among 638 patients, 415 (65%) had received prior bisphosphonate therapy, primarily pamidronate (95.4%). Among 461 patients with pain at baseline, mean pain scores decreased significantly (P < .01) at every postbaseline assessment. The most frequent adverse events in all patient groups were fatigue, nausea, and arthralgia. Notable serum creatinine increases occurred in 6.3% of patients and were somewhat more common in patients with a history of bisphosphonate therapy (7.7%) versus bisphosphonate-naive patients (4.5%). Treatment delays from serum creatinine increase occurred in 1.5% of patients with prior bisphosphonate exposure and 0.5% of bisphosphonate-naive patients. However, elevations in serum creatinine and treatment delays did not correlate with duration of prior bisphosphonate therapy or tumor type. Conclusions: Zoledronic acid (4 mg via 15-minute infusion) is safe and well tolerated in patients who have received prior bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of therapy duration. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Reducing the Impact of Legacy Stations on Voice Traffic in 802.11e EDCA WLANs (2007)

The EDCA access mechanism of the 802.11e standard supports legacy DCF stations, but the performance of high priority traffic is substantially degraded in their presence. In a previous letter we proposed the ACKS technique to mitigate the impact of legacy stations and studied this technique under high priority data traffic. In this letter we analyze the suitability of the ACKS technique for protecting voice traffic. Results show that voice performance is significantly improved as a result of using this technique
Efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, double-blind comparison with trovafloxacin (2001)

This multicentre, randomized, double blind, parallel group study compared the efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin (320 mg once daily) with trovafloxacin (200 mg once daily) in 571 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although treatment was given routinely for 7 days it could be extended to 14 days; two-thirds of patients were treated for 7 days. High clinical success rates were noted at follow-up in the per-protocol population in both the gemifloxacin group (95.8%) and the trovafloxacin group (93.6%), non-inferiority with 95% CI. In the intent-to-treat population, the clinical success rate at follow-up was significantly superior for gemifloxacin (87.6%) compared with trovafloxacin (81.1%; 95% CI 0.5, 12.4). The pathogens identified most commonly at presentation were Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gemifloxacin eradicated 100% of S. pneumoniae. One bacteraemic isolate of S. pneumoniae was associated with clinical failure in the trovafloxacin group (MIC of trovafloxacin 8 mg/L). Gemifloxacin was well tolerated and the incidence of transient liver function abnormalities was very low. Gemifloxacin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with CAP.
Sex determining genes. (1989)

The development of a male or female phenotype is dependent upon the expression of sets of sex specific differentiation genes early in embryonic life. Selecting the appropriate set of genes requires a primary signal that is unique to males or females, and a set of sex determining genes that respond to the primary signal leading to activation of the correct differentiation pathway. A general model for sex determination is emerging from a study of developmental genes in a number of species. This article describes a number of sex determining genes and genetic pathways in detail, and discusses how apparently dissimilar pathways may have derived from each other during evolution.
Detection of Liquid Water in PEM Fuel Cells' Channels: Design and Validation of a Microsensor (2010)

Abstract Suitable water management is a critical issue to reach the full potential of PEM fuel cells: whereas the membrane must be hydrated enough, liquid droplets formed by water in excess can block the flow in the gas distribution channels and hinder the fuel cell performance. In order to detect the presence of droplets in cathode flow channel, an electrochemical sensor has been developed and tested in a dedicated emulation cell. It is based on the widely used principle of two‐electrode cells for conductivity measurements; the collected signal is converted to impedance values. The sensor, mounted in a gas flow channel grooved in a graphite plate, reacts to the passage of water droplets, either being injected into the continuous air stream or produced by condensation of humidified air at the graphite plate. The time variation of the electrical impedance could be correlated to the observations allowed by the high‐speed digital camera. Water droplets separated from each other by less than a second can be distinguished by the sensor, which is of a sufficient rapidity.
Frequency-wavenumber elastic inversion of marine seismic data (1994)

Abstract We present an inversion method for determining the velocities, densities, and layer thicknesses of a horizontally stratified medium with an acoustic layer at the top and a stack of elastic layers below. The multioffset reflection response of the medium generated by a compressional point source is transformed from the time-space domain into the frequency-wavenumber domain where the inversion is performed by minimizing the difference between the reference data and the modeled data using a least-squares technique. The forward modeling is based on the reflectivity method where the solution for each frequency-wavenumber component is found by computing the generalized reflection and transmission matrices recursively. The gradient of the objective function is computed from analytical expressions of the Jacobian matrix derived directly from the recursive modeling equations. The partial derivatives of the reflection response of the stratified medium are then computed simultaneously with the reflection response by layer-recursive formulas. The limited-aperture and discretization effects in time and space of the reference data are included by applying a pair of frequency and wavenumber dependent filters to the predicted data and to the Jacobian matrix at each iteration. Numerical experiments performed with noise-free synthetic data prove that the proposed inversion method satisfactorily reconstructs the elastic parameters of a stratified medium. The low-frequency trends of the S-wave velocity and density are found when the initial P-wave velocity model gives approximately correct traveltimes. The convergence of the iterative minimization algorithm is fast.
Hydrodynamic slip boundary condition at chemically patterned surfaces: A continuum deduction from molecular dynamics (2005)

We investigate the slip boundary condition for flows past a chemically patterned surface. Molecular dynamics simulations show that fluid forces and stresses vary laterally along the patterned surface. A subtraction scheme is developed to verify the validity of the Navier slip boundary condition, locally, for the patterned surface. A continuum hydrodynamic model is formulated using the Navier-Stokes equation and the Navier boundary condition, with a slip length varying along the patterned surface. Steady-state velocity fields from continuum calculations are in quantitative agreement with those from molecular simulations.
A New Tool for Design and Certification of Aircraft Turbine Rotors (2004)

This paper summarizes recent enhancements to a probabilistic damage tolerance software code, DARWINTM, that can be used for design certification of aircraft jet engine titanium disks/rotors that may contain melt-related anomalies. Evaluations of DARWINTM by engine manufacturers are also discussed, including comparisons with existing codes for accuracy and time efficiency. In addition, relevant test results, including various fatigue tests on material containing melt-related anomalies, are summarized.