gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscopy with nanoelectrode tips for high resolution electrochemical, nanoadhesion and nanoelectrical imaging (2017)

Multimodal nano-imaging in electrochemical environments is important across many areas of science and technology. Here, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using an atomic force microscope (AFM) platform with a nanoelectrode probe is reported. In combination with PeakForce tapping AFM mode, the simultaneous characterization of surface topography, quantitative nanomechanics, nanoelectronic properties, and electrochemical activity is demonstrated. The nanoelectrode probe is coated with dielectric materials and has an exposed conical Pt tip apex of ∼200 nm in height and of ∼25 nm in end-tip radius. These characteristic dimensions permit sub-100 nm spatial resolution for electrochemical imaging. With this nanoelectrode probe we have extended AFM-based nanoelectrical measurements to liquid environments. Experimental data and numerical simulations are used to understand the response of the nanoelectrode probe. With PeakForce SECM, we successfully characterized a surface defect on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode showing correlated topographical, electrochemical and nanomechanical information at the highest AFM-SECM resolution. The SECM nanoelectrode also enabled the measurement of heterogeneous electrical conductivity of electrode surfaces in liquid. These studies extend the basic understanding of heterogeneity on graphite/graphene surfaces for electrochemical applications.
Pharmacological Features of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Potential (2023)

<i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. (belonging to the family Leguminosae), commonly known as Licorice, is a popular medicinal plant that has been used in traditional medicine worldwide for its ethnopharmacological efficacy in treating several ailments. Natural herbal substances with strong biological activity have recently received much attention. The main metabolite of glycyrrhizic acid is 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA), a pentacyclic triterpene. A major active plant component derived from licorice root, 18βGA has sparked a lot of attention due to its pharmacological properties. The current review thoroughly examines the literature on 18βGA, a major active plant component obtained from <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. The current work provides insight into the pharmacological activities of 18βGA and the potential mechanisms of action involved. The plant contains a variety of phytoconstituents such as 18βGA, which has a variety of biological effects including antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antiviral, antibacterial, antipsoriasis, antiosteoporosis, antiepileptic, antiarrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory, and is also useful in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension, antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, and cerebral ischemia. This review examines research on the pharmacological characteristics of 18βGA throughout recent decades to demonstrate its therapeutic potential and any gaps that may exist, presenting possibilities for future drug research and development.
Structural and biochemical studies of Serine Acetyltransferase reveal why the parasite Entamoeba histolytica cannot form Cysteine Synthase complex (2011)

One of the fundamental goals of modern sciences is to understand the nature of life, and deciphering the protein structure and its working mechanism lies at the very heart of this agenda. Due to the tremendous success of many genome projects, the number of available protein sequences reached over 5.3 million as of 2007, but less than 1% of these protein structures are known. Reliable and accurate protein structure prediction using only the sequence information is greatly in demand, but it remains as an unsolved problem even after many years of efforts. We intend to establish a successful protein modeling method that is solely based on direct application of principles excluding human interference in modeling steps. This should be contrasted to the common conception in the field that human expertise accumulated by many years of protein modeling is the most important asset for accurate protein structure prediction. In this talk we will discuss recent progresses of our efforts in protein structure prediction. It appears that our newly proposed method, which is based on the direct and rigorous optimization of relevant score functions, can provide significant improvement for 3D modeling of proteins in the category of High-Accuracy Template-Based Modeling. Applications of highly accurate proteins 3D models to various biological systems will be discussed.
Camera Position and Posture Estimation Based on Feature Landmark Database (2005)

Estimating camera position and posture can be applied to the fields of augmented reality and robot navigation. In these fields, to obtain absolute position and posture of the camera, sensor-based methods using GPS and magentic sensors and vision-based methods using input images from the camera have been investigated. How- ever, sensor-based methods are difficult to synchronize the camera and sensors accurately, and usable environments are limited according to selection of sensors. On the other hand, vision-based methods needs to allocate many artificial markers otherwise an estimation error will accumulate. Thus, it is difficult to use such methods in large and natural environments. This paper proposes a vision-based camera position and posture estimation method for large environments, which does not require sensors and artificial markers by detecting natural feature points from
A Website Fingerprinting Attack based on the Virtual Memory of the Process on Android Devices (2021)

Website Fingerprinting Attack (WFA) which identifies websites browsed on Android devices is extremely dangerous because it creates an opportunity for stealing private information. As the most feasible WFA method, we focus on a method that can identify a website by using the power consumption model restored from CPU data. However, that is not effective in a real situation where multiple background tasks run because CPU data which are unrelated to browsing are confused. Furthermore, the previous method cannot accurately identify simple websites that are subject to background tasks. Thus, a more feasible method is required to indicate the dangers. In this paper, we propose a website fingerprinting attack based on virtual memory of process on Android device. We focus on the fact that a specific process about browsing websites works when a website is browsed. Because each process has its virtual memory which is independent of each other, the useful feature of a task can be extracted from the virtual memory without noise. Therefore, the proposed method can precisely identify a browsed website by using the virtual memory-based features even if background tasks work. Furthermore, the proposed method can obtain effective information even for a simple website. By computer simulation with a real dataset, we demonstrate that the proposed method can improve up to 86%, 89%, and 82% in precision, recall, and F-measure, respectively for websites which the previous scheme cannot identify at all.
Prefix Delegation extension to Neighbor Discovery protocol (2013)

This document describes an extension to the Neighbor Discovery
protocol (ND). The proposed extension enhances ND by providing it with
a new option: the Prefix Delegation option (ND-PD). ND-PD offers the
possibility for routers on a same link to ask for or delegate IPv6
prefixes.
Understanding O-RAN: Architecture, Interfaces, Algorithms, Security, and Research Challenges (2023)

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) and its embodiment through the O-RAN Alliance specifications are poised to revolutionize the telecom ecosystem. O-RAN promotes virtualized RANs where disaggregated components are connected via open interfaces and optimized by intelligent controllers. The result is a new paradigm for the RAN design, deployment, and operations: O-RAN networks can be built with multivendor, interoperable components, and can be programmatically optimized through a centralized abstraction layer and datadriven closed-loop control. Therefore, understanding O-RAN, its architecture, its interfaces, and workflows is key for researchers and practitioners in the wireless community. In this article, we present the first detailed tutorial on O-RAN. We also discuss the main research challenges and review early research results. We provide a deep dive of the O-RAN specifications, describing its architecture, design principles, and the O-RAN interfaces. We then describe how the O-RAN RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) can be used to effectively control and manage 3GPP-defined RANs. Based on this, we discuss innovations and challenges of O-RAN networks, including the Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) workflows that the architecture and interfaces enable, security, and standardization issues. Finally, we review experimental research platforms that can be used to design and test O-RAN networks, along with recent research results, and we outline future directions for O-RAN development.
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer—Hormone Therapy Redux (2010)

Although all authors completed the disclosure declaration, the followingauthor(s) indicated a ﬁnancial or other interest that is relevant to the subjectmatter under consideration in this article. Certain relationships markedwith a “U” are those for which no compensation was received; thoserelationships marked with a “C” were compensated. For a detaileddescription of the disclosure categories, or for more information aboutASCO’s conﬂict of interest policy, please refer to the Author DisclosureDeclaration and the Disclosures of Potential Conﬂicts of Interest section inInformation for Contributors.
Interference statistics in a random mmWave ad hoc network (2015)

Wireless communication at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies is attractive for cellular, local area, and ad hoc networks due to the potential for channels with large bandwidths. As a byproduct of directional beamforming and propagation differences, some studies have claimed that mmWave networks will be noise rather than interference limited. This paper presents a derivation of the instantaneous interference-to-noise ratio (INR) distribution of a mmWave ad hoc network. Random network model of transmitters represented by a Poisson point process with a narrowband channel model is used to derive an approximation of the INR distribution. The analysis shows that the shape of the INR distribution is determined largely by the line-of-sight interferers, which depends on the overall network density and building blockage. A main conclusion drawn is that even with highly directional beamforming, interference can only sometimes be neglected in an ad hoc network. With a reasonable choice of system parameters, the interference is nearly always stronger than the noise power in dense networks.
Replication of hepatitis B virus in first-degree relatives of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (1999)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may occur in family clusters. No genetic mechanism has been identified as responsible for this familial tendency. We suspected that a longer hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication phase might be the reason for a higher risk of HCC in families with this disease. We performed liver biochemical tests, test for viral hepatitis markers and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and liver ultrasonography in relatives of patients with HCC. A total of 1,885 first-degree relatives from 688 families participated in this study. Seven hundred fifty-two relatives were found to be carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 675 of them were tested for HBeAg. The prevalence of HBeAg was 27.4% in relatives of those with HCC and 20% in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. The HBeAg prevalence rate was higher in relatives of those with HCC > or = 40 years old than in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Moreover, HBeAg was more likely to persist in men than in women > or = 40 years old. We conclude that families with HCC showed a prolonged HBV replication phase that may be one of the cofactors for a familial tendency for HCC.
Evidence against a generalized membrane defect in dystrophic mice platelets (1982)

The response of the membrane-bound enzyme AChE to changes in temperatures was investigated to test the applicability of the "generalized membrane defect" hypothesis proposed for human myotonic and Duchenne muscular dystrophies to the two forms of muscular dystrophy expressed in mice. For intact platelets from homozygous normal and dystrophic mice of both strains, a break (Tc) occurred in the Arrhenius plot of AChE activity at approximately 22 C. Solubilization of membrane-bound AChE by Triton X-100 produced a nonlinear Arrhenius plot over the temperature range (7.7 C to 37 C) in normal and dystrophic mice of both strains. However, in the presence of phospholipase A2 + C and Triton X-100, a linear Arrhenius plot was produced indicating that the membrane-bound enzyme is normally modulated by a bulk lipid domain as well as by a tightly bound (immobilized) phospholipid domain. The temperature response of platelet AChE from normal and dystrophic mice of both strains was not significantly different. These results showing normal temperature kinetics of AChE do not lend support to the theory of a membrane defect in the platelets of dystrophic mice.
Two‐year follow‐up of patients with septic shock presenting with low HDL: the effect upon acute kidney injury, death and estimated glomerular filtration rate (2017)

Low HDL levels during sepsis are associated with increased risk of sepsis-associated AKI, and/or subsequent decreased eGFR. These results suggest that HDL may be involved and/or may be a marker of kidney injury during and after sepsis.
Synthetic News Radio (2000)

This paper describes a system that uses speech recognition and clustered text news stories to automatically find story boundaries in an audio news broadcast and provides a semantic representation that can match audio news stories of similar content. This system creates a personal, synthetic newscast by extracting stories, based on user interests, from multiple hourly newscasts and then reassembling them into a single recording at the end of the day. Interaction is via graphical and telephone-based interfaces, with newscasts delivered over a local area network or to wireless audio pagers.
RFID system based on pulse-position modulation using group delay engineered microwave C-sections (2010)

The concept of pulse-position modulation coding based on group delay engineered non-commensurate microwave C-section all-pass networks is introduced and demonstrated by simulation as novel RFID system. The proposed concept offers system simplicity, frequency scalability, high power efficiency and M-ary coding capability for large ID coding diversity.
Force Analysis of Connected Differential Mechanisms: Application to Grasping (2006)

In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the analysis of the force capabilities of connected differential mechanisms. These systems are the key elements used to extend the principle of underactuation in grasping from the fingers to the hand itself. The concept of under-actuation in robotic grasping—with fewer actuators than degrees of freedom (DOF)—allows the hand to adjust itself to an irregularly shaped object without complex control strategies and sensors. Several technological solutions have been proposed in the past but no theoretical background has been provided to analyze their characteristics, especially with respect to the forces generated. The purpose of this paper is to provide such a theoretical foundation and to illustrate its usefulness with examples applied to grasping. First, several differential elements are presented and studied. Second, a mathematical method to obtain the output force capabilities of connected differential mechanisms is presented. Finally, the technique presented is applied to two types of underactuated robotic hands.
Depletion, quantum jumps, and temperature measurements of ⁸⁸Sr⁺ ions in a linear Paul Trap (2006)

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.
Self-Broadening of Molecular Spectral Lines. I. General Theory (1971)

A general theoretical treatment of spectral line broadening of gas molecules is given using a resolvent operator formalism in Liouville space. The methods introduced previously by Mead for treating resonance broadening in monatomic gases are developed and generalized here for molecular spectral lines. The basic equation relating the susceptibility to resolvent operator matrix elements is derived here for the case of a molecular gas and takes into account the rotational-vibrational structure of the spectra and the presence of complicated molecular interactions.
Studies in the synthesis of control structures for chemical processes: Part I: Formulation of the problem. Process decomposition and the classification of the control tasks. Analysis of the optimizing control structures (1980)

Abstract Part I of this series presents a unified formulation of the problem of synthesizing control structures for chemical processes. The formulation is rigorous and free of engineering heuristics, providing the framework for generalizations and further analytical developments on this important problem. Decomposition is the underlying, guiding principle, leading to the classification of the control objectives (regulation, optimization) and the partitioning of the process for the practical implementation of the control structures. Within the framework of hierarchical control and multi‐level optimization theory, mathematical measures have been developed to guide the decomposition of the control tasks and the partitioning of the process. Consequently, the extent and the purpose of the regulatory and optimizing control objectives for a given plant are well defined, and alternative control structures can be generated for the designer's analysis and screening. In addition, in this first part we examine the features of various optimizing control strategies (feedforward, feedback; centralized, decentralized) and develop methods for their generation and selective screening. Application of all these principles is illustrated on an integrated chemical plant that offers enough variety and complexity to allow conclusions about a real‐life situation.
Combined first-principles calculation and neural-network correction approach for heat of formation (2003)

Despite their success, the results of first-principles quantum mechanical calculations contain inherent numerical errors caused by various intrinsic approximations. We propose here a neural-network-based algorithm to greatly reduce these inherent errors. As a demonstration, this combined quantum mechanical calculation and neural-network correction approach is applied to the evaluation of standard heat of formation ΔfH⊖ for 180 small- to medium-sized organic molecules at 298 K. A dramatic reduction of numerical errors is clearly shown with systematic deviation being eliminated. For example, the root-mean-square deviation of the calculated ΔfH⊖ for the 180 molecules is reduced from 21.4 to 3.1 kcal mol−1 for B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and from 12.0 to 3.3 kcal mol−1 for B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) before and after the neural-network correction.
Adsorption Refrigeration: A Survey of Novel Technologies (2007)

The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The soaring fossil fuel price and the awareness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. This paper reviews more than 100 patents filed mainly since year 2000 that propose technologies to improve adsorption system and make it become a realistic alternative. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The various technology options are discussed and evaluated. “Hot spots” and key inventors/applicants are identified. An assessment is made about current and future development of adsorption refrigeration technologies. Keywords: Adsorption refrigeration, Adsorption air-conditioner, Adsorption cooling, Adsorption chiller, adsorption heat pump
Mapping the world's coral reefs using a global multiscale earth observation framework (2020)

Abstract Coral reefs are among the most diverse and iconic ecosystems on Earth, but a range of anthropogenic pressures are threatening their persistence. Owing to their remoteness, broad spatial coverage and cross‐jurisdictional locations, there are no high‐resolution remotely sensed maps available at the global scale. Here we present a framework that is capable of mapping coral reef habitats from individual reefs (~200 km 2 ) to entire barrier reef systems (200 000 km 2 ) and across vast ocean extents (&gt;6 000 000 km 2 ). This is the first time this has been demonstrated using a consistent and transparent remote sensing mapping framework. The ten maps that we present achieved good accuracy (78% mean overall accuracy) from multiple input image datasets and training data sources, and our framework was shown to be adaptable to either benthic or geomorphic reef features and across diverse coral reef environments. These new generation high‐resolution map data will be useful for supporting ecosystem risk assessments, detecting change in ecosystem dynamics and targeting efforts to monitor local‐scale changes in coral cover and reef health.
Identification of a Novel Bone Marrow Cell-Derived Accelerator of Fibrotic Liver Regeneration Through Mobilization of Hepatic Progenitor Cells in Mice (2018)

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to ameliorate impaired liver function in patients with advanced liver diseases through mobilization and proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously showed that G-CSF treatment increased the number of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells migrating to the fibrotic liver following repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub> ) injections into mice. In this study, we identified opioid growth factor receptor-like 1 (OGFRL1) as a novel BM cell-derived accelerator of fibrotic liver regeneration in response to G-CSF treatment. Endogenous Ogfrl1 was highly expressed in the hematopoietic organs such as the BM and spleen, whereas the liver contained a relatively small amount of Ogfrl1 mRNA. Among the peripheral blood cells, monocytes were the major sources of OGFRL1. Endogenous Ogfrl1 expression in both the peripheral blood monocytes and the liver was decreased following repeated CCl<sub>4</sub> injections. An intrasplenic injection of cells overexpressing OGFRL1 into CCl<sub>4</sub> -treated fibrotic mice increased the number of HPC and stimulated proliferation of hepatic parenchymal cells after partial resection of the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, overexpression of OGFRL1 in cultured HPC accelerated their differentiation as estimated by increased expression of liver-specific genes such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, cytochrome P450, and fatty acid binding protein 1, although it did not affect the colony forming ability of HPC. These results indicate a critical role of OGFRL1 in the mobilization and differentiation of HPC in the fibrotic liver, and administration of OGFRL1-expressing cells may serve as a potential regenerative therapy for advanced liver fibrosis. Stem Cells 2019;37:89-101.