gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voiceprint: A Novel Sybil Attack Detection Method Based on RSSI for VANETs (2017)

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications that bring many benefits and conveniences to improve the road safety and drive comfort in future transportation systems. Sybil attack is considered one of the most risky threats in VANETs since a Sybil attacker can generate multiple fake identities with false messages to severely impair the normal functions of safety-related applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Sybil attack detection method based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Voiceprint, to conduct a widely applicable, lightweight and full-distributed detection for VANETs. To avoid the inaccurate position estimation according to predefined radio propagation models in previous RSSI-based detection methods, Voiceprint adopts the RSSI time series as the vehicular speech and compares the similarity among all received time series. Voiceprint does not rely on any predefined radio propagation model, and conducts independent detection without the support of the centralized infrastructure. It has more accurate detection rate in different dynamic environments. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments demonstrate that the proposed Voiceprint is an effective method considering the cost, complexity and performance.
Recent Developments in the Application of Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenases as Biocatalysts (2010)

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) represent a specific class of monooxygenases that are capable of catalyzing a variety of oxidation reactions, including Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. The recently elucidated BVMO crystal structures have provided a more detailed insight into the complex mechanism of these flavin-containing enzymes. Biocatalytic studies on a number of newly discovered BVMOs have shown that they are very potent oxidative biocatalysts. In addition to catalyzing the regio- and enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of a wide range of carbonylic compounds, epoxidations, and enantioselective sulfoxidations have also been shown to be part of their catalytic repertoire. This review provides an overview on the recent developments in BVMO-mediated biocatalytic processes, identification of the catalytic role of these enzymes in metabolic routes and prodrug activation, as well as the efforts in developing effective biocatalytic methodologies to apply BVMOs for the synthesis of high added value compounds.
Lightweight DC-DC Converter with Partial Power Processing and MPPT for a Solar Powered Aircraft (2015)

A lightweight dc-dc partial power processing converter is demonstrated for solar aerospace applications. A system-level model is conceived to determine conformity to payload and target distance objectives, with the Solarship aircraft used as an application example. The concept of partial power processing is utilized to realize a high efficiency lightweight converter that performs Max Peak Power Tracking (MPPT) to transfer power from the aircraft solar array to the high-voltage battery bus. The isolated Cuk is determined to be a suitable converter topology for the application. A small-signal model is derived for control design. The operation of a 400V, 2.7 kW prototype is verified at high frequency (200 kHz), high efficiency (&gt; 98%), small mass (0.604 kg), and uses no electrolytic capacitors. MPPT operation is verified on a 376 V commercial solar installation at The University of Toronto. The prototype serves as an enabling technology for solar aerospace applications.
Structure and chemistry of liquid Al–Cu alloys: molecular dynamics study versus thermodynamics-based modelling (2018)

Classical molecular dynamics simulations, employing a modified embedded atom model (MEAM) parametrization recently developed by Trybula, have been performed and combined with thermodynamics-based modelling for weakly interacting compound-forming molten alloys, to investigate the structure and chemistry of liquid Al–Cu alloys over a broad Cu concentration range. The compound-forming model (CFM) based on experimental thermodynamic data revealed the importance of the Al2Cu “associate” in the determination of transport properties such as diffusion and viscosity as well as confirmation of the compound formation ability with regard to the available experimental data. Adequately to this fact, molecular dynamics simulation results showed strong evidence of deviation from regular metallic solution resulting from a preponderance of chemical short-range ordering, expressed by Warren–Cowley parameter and increasing abundance of icosahedral motifs with increasing Cu content. In addition, their strong impact on mass transport properties as well as the excess entropy has been detected which exhibits nonlinear compositional behaviour. Thus, we find that the Stokes–Einstein relation is unsuitable for atom transport properties determination at investigated Cu concentration range, while the Green–Kubo formalism can fully account for the experimentally observed physical phenomena. We obtain a compact and compatible view onto the structure and chemical behaviour, including atom kinetics and thermodynamics, of Al–Cu liquid alloys, which allowed us to find another hard-sphere-like metallic system in which transport properties and thermodynamics are strongly affected by packing effects. The hybrid approach presented herein gave a broader and deeper look into the liquid state of the Al–Cu alloys being missing in the literature.
EFFECT OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON THE BINDING QUALITY OF POULTRY LOAVES (1970)

SUMMARY— The effect of several physical and chemical treatments on the binding of poultry meat pieces was studied. Both NaCl, Ken a FP‐28 (sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and sodium acid pyrophosphatel and hexametaphosphate were found to enhance binding. Kena increased binding more than hexametaphosphate. When combining Natl and Kena, there was a significant additive effect. Mechanical beating of meat released the intracellular content of broken muscle cells and caused a significant increase in binding. Alternate freezing and thawing with removal of intracellular material (drip) significantly decreased binding of meat. However, single freezing treatments with no drip loss did not differ significantly from the control (no freezing). Drip was shown to have binding properties. The amount of binding between meat pieces was increased with poultry meat emulsion and albumen. Poultry meat emulsion increased binding more than albumen.
Integrin αIIbβ3 Regulates Platelet-Procoagulant Activity in the Lung (2020)

Pulmonary thrombosis is a major complication associated with high morbidity. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the pathophysiology of pulmonary thrombosis remains incompletely understood. New clinical evidence suggests that in situ platelet activation resulting in enhanced procoagulant activity may promote pulmonary thrombosis. Improved understanding of the etiological mechanism would enable the development of new therapies for pulmonary thrombosis. Collagen and thromboplastin (TF) were administered intravascularly (IV) to C57BL/6 (WT) mice and the pulmonary microcirculation was visualized using quantitative fluorescence intravital fluorescence lung microscopy (qFILM). Fluorochrome-conjugated anti-mouse CD49b Ab and dextran was administered IV for in vivo staining of circulating platelets and visualization of blood vessels, respectively. Pulmonary thrombosis was defined as occlusion of blood vessels with platelet aggregates leading to pulmonary ischemia. Additionally, quantitative microfluidic fluorescence microscopy (qMFM) was used to study the effect of platelet αIIbβ3 inhibition on platelet procoagulant activity in human blood under vascular mimetic flow conditions. Collagen and TF triggered dose-dependent pulmonary thrombosis in mice in vivo, which involved development of platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary arteriolar bottlenecks (junction of pulmonary arteriole and capillaries), resulting in a transient ischemia in the arteriole and the down-stream capillary tree. The pulmonary arteriole thrombosis triggered by IV collagen or TF was protracted, lethal and completely abrogated following IV administration of αIIbβ3 receptor inhibitor (eptifibatide). Inhibition of platelet αIIbβ3 also significantly reduced platelet procoagulant activity, fibrin formation and thrombus formation in human blood flowing through microfluidic channels ex vivo. Our current findings suggest that αIIbβ3-dependent platelet procoagulant activity promotes pulmonary thrombosis. Both our models have potential application in investigating the molecular determinants of pulmonary thrombosis in diverse pulmonary disorders as well as evaluating efficacy of new antithrombotic drugs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
High frequency of somatic mutations in the VH genes expressed in prolymphocytic leukemia (1996)

Prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder, characterized by prominent splenomegaly, prolymphocytes accounting for more than 55% of circulating lymphocytes, and short-term survival. To better characterize the nature of the cellular origin in this disease, we analyzed lg heavy chain variable region (VH) genes in eleven cases of de novo PLL Leukemic cells expressed a skewed repertoire characterized by predominant use of the V3 family members (73%), with preferential use of the V3-23 gene (50% of the VH3 genes). All sequences from expressed VH genes diverged from their putative germline counterpart, and in eight cases the divergence was greater than 5%. In seven cases, which expressed the V3-23 gene and VH4 family members, nucleotide substitutions could be confidently attributed to somatic mutations. The type and distribution of these mutations clearly indicated that in three cases the cells had been subjected to an antigen selection process. Taken together, these results suggest that B-PLL cells display a skewed repertoire of lg VH regions and probably represent, at least in some instances, expansion of postgerminal center cells that have undergone antigen driven selection.
A Model of Polyelectrolyte Conductance in Moist Solvents as a Basis of Water Sensors (2005)

The conductance of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) containing quaternary amino groups was studied in cyclohexane, toluene, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofurane as a function of water content by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. IPNs were then used as sensitive materials to detect water traces in organic solvents with promising results for the construction of a moisture sensor. The detection onset for water concentration increased with the dielectric constant of the solvent. Different IPN-based sensors in the same solvent showed a detection limit at lower water concentration if their characteristic plot [conductance/relative humidity (RH%) in air] was shifted toward lower RH%. This suggests that the composition of this class of polymers can be tuned to achieve the best performance for each solvent.
Metal-embedded optical fiber pressure sensor (1991)

The paper reports the results of work to demonstrate the feasibility of embedding a metal-buffered optical fiber inside a thin metal diaphragm to create a pressure-sensitive transducer. A method was developed to embed butt-coupled optical fibers inside brass diaphragms. Butt-coupled fibers with two different end spacings were successfully embedded in the diaphragms. The pressure response of the diaphragms was calibrated by measuring the changes in light transmission through the butt coupling as a function of pressure. In addition to embedded fiber pressure sensors, this method may be useful for other applications. The calibration results indicate the method could be used to make connections between signal processors and optical fibers embedded in composites.
An HIV vaccine based on immune network theory (2013)

T symmetrical immune network theory is a theory of the regulation of the adaptive immune system. The theory recently led to a two-component HIV vaccine concept. In that paper, we described complexes of an anti-HIV antibody and an HIV antigen as a potential HIV vaccine. Of particular interest in this context is the monoclonal anti-HIV antibody 1F7, which binds to at least six well characterized monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies (BnAbs). 1F7 is an IgM/κ antibody raised against HIVIG. 73% of HIV infected persons and many SIV infected macaques make antibodies that bind to 1F7. We have tested the concept in a simple experiment involving 10 rabbits. There was an immune response in some of the rabbits that was broad in the sense that when the immunogen was complex of 1F7 and gp120 or gp41, the immune response included both anti-gp120 and anti-gp41 antibodies. A broad response in this sense was seen also in a rabbit immunized with a mixture of 1F7 and the BnAb B12. Two rabbits were immunized with complexes of 1F7 and gp120. After three immunizations, both of these rabbits made antibodies that neutralized the virus from which the gp120 was derived, namely HXB2. This result provides support for the two-component HIV vaccine concept. It also shows that rabbits are a suitable model for testing the ability of vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies.
Wiimote robot control using human motion models (2009)

As mass-market video game controllers have become more advanced, there has been a recent increase in interest for using these as intuitive and inexpensive control devices. In this paper we examine position control for a robot using a wiimote game controller. We show that human motion models can be used to achieve better precision than traditional tracking approaches, sufficient for simpler tasks. We also present an experiment that shows that very intuitive control can be achieved, as novice subjects can control a robot arm through simple tasks after just a few minutes of practice and minimal instructions.
Tunable Machine Vision-Based Strategy for Automated Annotation of Chemical Databases (2009)

We present a tunable, machine vision-based strategy for automated annotation of virtual small molecule databases. The proposed strategy is based on the use of a machine vision-based tool for extracting structure diagrams in research articles and converting them into connection tables, a virtual "Chemical Expert" system for screening the converted structures based on the adjustable levels of estimated conversion accuracy, and a fragment-based measure for calculating intermolecular similarity. For annotation, calculated chemical similarity between the converted structures and entries in a virtual small molecule database is used to establish the links. The overall annotation performances can be tuned by adjusting the cutoff threshold of the estimated conversion accuracy. We perform an annotation test which attempts to link 121 journal articles registered in PubMed to entries in PubChem which is the largest, publicly accessible chemical database. Two cases of tests are performed, and their results are compared to see how the overall annotation performances are affected by the different threshold levels of the estimated accuracy of the converted structure. Our work demonstrates that over 45% of the articles could have true positive links to entries in the PubChem database with promising recall and precision rates in both tests. Furthermore, we illustrate that the Chemical Expert system which can screen converted structures based on the adjustable levels of estimated conversion accuracy is a key factor impacting the overall annotation performance. We propose that this machine vision-based strategy can be incorporated with the text-mining approach to facilitate extraction of contextual scientific knowledge about a chemical structure, from the scientific literature.
Synthesis of Stable Dolichylphosphomannose Analogues (2004)

Abstract Four oleyl or dolichyl thiophosphate esters 16, 17, 21 , and 22 , analogues of Dol‐P‐Man possessing C(1)S and/or PS bonds, were synthesized as potential inhibitors of mannosyl transferases operating in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The β ‐mannosyl derivatives were prepared by a Mitsunobu reaction of 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐ α ‐ D ‐mannopyranose ( 1 ) with the thiophosphate 2 that provided O ‐ and S ‐glycosides with good‐to‐excellent diastereoselectivity. A second route to β ‐mannosyl derivatives is based on the phosphitylation of the β ‐ D ‐mannopyranosyl thiol 3 with the phosphoramidites 4a and 4b . Oxidation of the intermediate oleyl thiophosphite with t ‐BuOOH led to mono‐ and dithiophosphates. The thiophospholipids 16, 21 , and 22 were inactive as inhibitors of the Man 6 (GlcNAc) 2 ‐PP‐Dol glycolipid elongation.
A 32-element 8-bit photonic true-time-delay system based on a 288 x 288 3-D MEMS optical switch (2003)

A large-scale three-dimensional microelectromechanical-system optical switch is used for the first time to realize a true-time-delay (TTD) beamformer for phased-array radar applications, with a capacity of 32 antenna elements and eight bits of delay. The 288 /spl times/ 288 optical switch has a median loss of 1.4 dB and all measured 82 944 paths exhibit less than 2.3 dB loss at 1310 nm. The TTD beamformer exhibits a loss variation of 1.5 dB, which is equalized using a mirror-offset technique.
Predicting Bulk Metallic Glass Forming Ability with the Thermodynamic Density of Competing Crystalline States (2016)

Despite two decades of studies, the formation of metallic glasses, very promising systems for industrial applications, still remains mostly unexplained. This lack of knowledge hinders the search for new systems, still performed with combinatorial trial and error. In the past, it was speculated that some sort of "confusion" during crystallization could play a key role during their formation. In this article, we propose a heuristic descriptor quantifying such confusion. It is based on the "thermodynamic density of competing crystalline states", parameterized from high-throughput ab-initio calculations. The existence of highly enthalpy-degenerate but geometrically-different phases frustrates the crystallization process and promotes glass formation. Two test beds are considered. A good and a bad glass-former, CuZr and NiZr, are experimentally characterized with high-throughput synthesis. The experimental results corroborate the capability of the heuristic descriptor in predicting glass forming ability through the compositional space. Our analysis is expected to deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to accelerate the discovery of novel metallic glasses.
The Qualitative Modeling and Compression of the Request Sequences in ARQ Protocols (2001)

Compression of the repeat request data in ARQ protocols was studied. Focus was on the problem of compressing the output of the block box (ARQ algorithm) with unknown input signal (error sequence). Towards finding a practical solution, it was found that the main statistical properties of error sequences and xn are more less the same.
Absolute interferometric test of cylindrical wavefront with a fiber optic (2014)

A method of absolute testing of a cylindrical wavefront is presented. The method is a merging of the random ball test method with the fiber optic reference test. The random ball test assumes a large number of interferograms of a good quality sphere with errors that are statistically distributed such that the average of the errors goes to zero. The fiber optic reference test utilizes a specially processed optical fiber to provide a high quality reference wave from an incident line focus from the cylindrical wave under test. A simulation and preliminary experiment results are presented which indicate that this method can significantly reduce the effects of fiber surface errors, yielding more accurate cylindrical wave measurements.
Inhibitory Activities of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis (2022)

Sepsis is an uncontrolled response to inflammatory infection and is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity. Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside mainly found in the leaves of <i>Panax ginseng</i> C. A. Meyer and the major protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside of black ginseng. In this study, we determined whether Rg4 affects cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Animals were separated into the following six groups: control group, CLP-operated group, CLP plus maslinic acid (MA), and CLP plus Rg4 (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg). Survival rate, body weight changes, inflammatory cytokines, and histological analyses were assessed. Human endothelial cells were activated with the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and Rg4. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis were used to assess inflammation and gene expression, respectively. After CLP surgery, the Rg4-administered group exhibited a higher survival rate and body weight compared with the untreated control group. Rg4 treatment reduced cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels and renal inflammation. After Rg4 treatment of HMGB1-activated cells, the expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TNF-α were decreased, and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling increased cell viability. In summary, Rg4 inhibited inflammation and exhibited a protective effect against CLP-induced sepsis, thereby reinforcing cell survival against septic responses.
Student Corner (1997)

When a nursing student cares for a terminally ill person for the first time, that student faces many challenges. Here, a third year student describes and analyses her thoughts, feelings and actions, reflecting on her perceptions of the patient's (Mr A's) needs; the mutual benefits of a close relationship between nurse and patient; and the personal and professional growth which resulted from writing about this challenging experience. The memory of Mr A is an inspirational legacy.
Systematic derivation of anisotropic PML absorbing media in cylindrical and spherical coordinates (1997)

A simple and systematic derivation of anisotropic perfectly matched layers (PMLs) in cylindrical and spherical coordinates is presented. The derivation is based on the analytic continuation of Maxwell's equations to complex space. Through field transformations, results for Cartesian anisotropic PML media are recovered and, more importantly, a generalization of the anisotropic PML to cylindrical and spherical systems is obtained, providing further clarification on the PML concept. As expected, these new PML media are cylindrically and spherically layered, respectively.