gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and localization of IL‐1β mRNA is interrelated with cytoskeletal rearrangement in monocytes stimulated by adherence: A light microscopy in situ hybridization study (2001)

Differences in IL-1beta mRNA expression, stability and translation between non-adherent monocytes and those stimulated by adherence suggest that cytokine regulation is coupled to the function and assembly of cytoskeletal structures. In situ hybridization studies were performed to visualize expression and positioning of IL-1beta mRNA in adherently cultivated monocytes. IL-1beta mRNA expression was heterogeneous with high transcript levels found in spread or polarized cells. Transcripts were compartmentalized to the perinuclear region in spread cells, and partially redistributed with polarization. In contrast to mRNA distribution in other motile cell populations, IL-1beta mRNA did not localize to the distal or proximal actin cytoskeleton. Perinuclear confinement of transcripts required intact actin microfilaments. Treatment with cytoskeleton disruption and detergent extraction suggested that most non-translated IL-1beta mRNA was associated with intermediate filaments. In monocytes stimulated by LPS, IL-1beta, but not IL-1Ra transcripts were redistributed and partially associated, yet not bound to actin microfilaments. The present study demonstrates that IL-1beta mRNA expression and localization in adherent monocytes is interrelated with the cytoskeletal rearrangement upon adherence, spreading and polarization.
Calibrating the pixel-level Kepler imaging data with a causal data-driven model (2015)

Astronomical observations are affected by several kinds of noise, each with its own causal source; there is photon noise, stochastic source variability, and residuals coming from imperfect calibration of the detector or telescope. The precision of NASA Kepler photometry for exoplanet science---the most precise photometric measurements of stars ever made---appears to be limited by unknown or untracked variations in spacecraft pointing and temperature, and unmodeled stellar variability. Here we present the Causal Pixel Model (CPM) for Kepler data, a data-driven model intended to capture variability but preserve transit signals. The CPM works at the pixel level so that it can capture very fine-grained information about the variation of the spacecraft. The CPM predicts each target pixel value from a large number of pixels of other stars sharing the instrument variabilities while not containing any information on possible transits in the target star. In addition, we use the target star's future and past (auto-regression). By appropriately separating, for each data point, the data into training and test sets, we ensure that information about any transit will be perfectly isolated from the model. The method has four hyper-parameters (the number of predictor stars, the auto-regressive window size, and two L2-regularization amplitudes for model components), which we set by cross-validation. We determine a generic set of hyper-parameters that works well for most of the stars and apply the method to a corresponding set of target stars. We find that we can consistently outperform (for the purposes of exoplanet detection) the Kepler Pre-search Data Conditioning (PDC) method for exoplanet discovery.
Nozzle fabrication for micropropulsion of a microsatellite (2009)

To enable formation flying of microsatellites, small sized propulsion systems are required. Our research focuses on the miniaturization of a feeding and thruster system by means of microsystem technology (MST). Three fabrication methods have been investigated to make a conical converging–diverging nozzle. These methods are deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), femtosecond laser machining (FLM) and a combination of powderblasting and heat treatment. It is shown that the latter two methods are very promising.
Studies of the Interaction of 8 km/s Oxygen Atoms with Selected Materials (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The technique of laser-induced gas breakdown is used to generate a high flux pulsed beam of 8 km/s oxygen atoms. The beam contains approximately 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; oxygen atoms per pulse, can be operated at a frequency as high as 10 Hz and be expanded to encompass an area &amp;gt;1000 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The beam is used to simulate the interactions between the ambient atmosphere and spacecraft materials to be encountered in low earth orbit applications. The device and its operating characteristics will be described and example results on material erosion, surface modification, and surface glow will be presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Unraveling the effects of the gut microbiota composition and function on horse endurance physiology (2019)

An integrated analysis of gut microbiota, blood biochemical and metabolome in 52 endurance horses was performed. Clustering by gut microbiota revealed the existence of two communities mainly driven by diet as host properties showed little effect. Community 1 presented lower richness and diversity, but higher dominance and rarity of species, including some pathobionts. Moreover, its microbiota composition was tightly linked to host blood metabolites related to lipid metabolism and glycolysis at basal time. Despite the lower fiber intake, community type 1 appeared more specialized to produce acetate as a mean of maintaining the energy supply as glucose concentrations fell during the race. On the other hand, community type 2 showed an enrichment of fibrolytic and cellulolytic bacteria as well as anaerobic fungi, coupled to a higher production of propionate and butyrate. The higher butyrate proportion in community 2 was not associated with protective effects on telomere lengths but could have ameliorated mucosal inflammation and oxidative status. The gut microbiota was neither associated with the blood biochemical markers nor metabolome during the endurance race, and did not provide a biomarker for race ranking or risk of failure to finish the race.
Fabrication of Deep-Sub-Millimeter-Thick Compacts Using Spark Plasma Sintering (2007)

Nd-Fe-B type powder was sintered using spark plasma sintering method. Fabricated compact sintered at the temperature of 700 °C, is found to be a composite magnet with Nd-Fe-Co-B and α-Fe. The compact sintered at 700 °C shows slightly low coercivity and large remanent magnetization comparing to the compact sintered at 600 °C due to the formation of α-Fe phase, resulting in the large maximum energy product. Maximum energy product tends to decrease with decreasing thickness of sintered compacts below 0.5 mm in thickness.
Sequential Expression of Immunoglobulin on Developing Mouse B Lymphocytes: A Systematic Survey That Suggests a Model for the Generation of Immunoglobulin Isotype Diversity (1978)

Paired immunofluorescent staining with antibodies specific for the major isotypes of mouse immunoglobulin was used to study the ontogenetic expression of diversity of cell surface immunoglobulin. The first B lymphocytes to emerge, derived from cytoplasmic IgM+ precursors, express sIgM exclusively. Between birth and 3 days of age separate populations of sIgM+ B lymphocyte acquire a second isotype: sIgD, one of the subclasses of sIgG, or sIgA. At 3 days, all splenic B lymphocytes that bear sIg or sIgA also express sIgM, but virtually none stain for sIgD. By 7 days, a substantial porportion of sIgG+ or sIgA+ lymphocytes in spleen and most of those in lymph node express both sIgM ans sIgD. Anti-mu antibody treatment from birth prevented development of B lymphocytes expressing any isotype. These observations suggest that the immature sIgM+ B lymphocyte is the pivotal cell in the generation of the different sublines of B cells and that sIgD ig or IgA. The frequency of lymphocytes bearing only sIgG or sIgA is higher in old than in young mice, suggesting that sIgD and sIgM may be lost after stimulation by antigens. The occurrence of a nearly identical distribution of sIg isotypes on B lymphocytes from athymic, pathogen-free mice suggests that primary expression of isotype diversity does not require T cells.
CHAPTER V (2014)

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Embedded Thermal Control for Spacecraft Subsystems Miniaturization (2014)

Optimization of spacecraft size, weight and power (SWaP) resources is an explicit technical priority at Goddard Space Flight Center. Embedded Thermal Control Subsystems are a promising technology with many cross cutting NSAA, DoD and commercial applications: 1.) CubeSatSmallSat spacecraft architecture, 2.) high performance computing, 3.) On-board spacecraft electronics, 4.) Power electronics and RF arrays. The Embedded Thermal Control Subsystem technology development efforts focus on component, board and enclosure level devices that will ultimately include intelligent capabilities. The presentation will discuss electric, capillary and hybrid based hardware research and development efforts at Goddard Space Flight Center. The Embedded Thermal Control Subsystem development program consists of interrelated sub-initiatives, e.g., chip component level thermal control devices, self-sensing thermal management, advanced manufactured structures. This presentation includes technical status and progress on each of these investigations. Future sub-initiatives, technical milestones and program goals will be presented.
A computer-aided geological interpretation system for subsurface imaging (2005)

Describes a computer-aided geological interpretation system developed for radio attenuation tomographic imaging of subsurface geology with immediate application in mining geophysics. Measurements in remote sensing are often expensive so that, in practice, the data-interpretation process is plagued by insufficient data. Inverse procedures are generally ill-posed leading to the use of regularization techniques which are mathematically tractable but rarely physically relevant to the problem. The authors' response to this has been to invert the normal imaging philosophy. Instead of using the data to reconstruct an image for interpretation by some domain expert, they provide a computational system in which set theoretic techniques are used to modify hypotheses provided by the expert in image form to make them consistent with the data and other constraints. This is an implementation of the hypothetico-deductive model of scientific method. While the actual image-processing algorithms such as tomographic inversion are based on sophisticated techniques, the authors have made a considerable effort to remove this level of abstraction for the benefit of geologists and geophysicists who are the target users. By employing X-Windows-based, graphical user interface methods, in conjunction with graphics and image-based visualization, the system can be used intuitively to explore the possibilities offered by the data without an extensive knowledge of the processing techniques. The application of the system to field examples from the Australian mining industry is shown in the interactive presentation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cloning andSequencing ofEscherichia coli mutRShowsIts Identity totopB,Encoding Topoisomerase III (1992)

We havepreviously described alocus, mutR,at38.5min onthegenetic mapofEscherichia coli, whichaffects deletionformation (10). Point mutations orinsertions inmutR result inanincrease inspontaneous deletions atshort homologies (10). Because thepathways thatlead tospontaneousdeletions havenotbeencompletely defined, itis important tocharacterize thegenesandgeneproducts involved. Inthis paper, we report thecloning andsequencingofthemutRgeneandshowthat itisidentical tothetopB gene,whichalsomapsat38.5minandwhichencodes topoisomerase III, atypeItopoisomerase (2). Strategy toclone themutRlocus. Tofacilitate thecloning of thewild-type mutRlocus, weusedSouthern (7)analysis to determine whichofthefourKohara(4) E.coli lambda clones intheregion near38.5min(A327 toX330) wasthebest candidate forcarrying mutR.We usedstrain DB100,a derivative ofstrain DB1(10) carrying amini-TnlO (9) inthe mutRgene(10). Thechromosomal DNA ofDB100was digested withEcoRIorHindIll, either ofwhichcutsonce within themini-TnlO, orPstI, whichdoesnotcutthe mini-TnlO. Thedigested DNA waselectrophoresed through a1% agarose gelinTAE (Tris-acetate-EDTA) buffer and
Variation of Interferon Production During the Cell Cycle (1970)

The capacity of cells to produce interferon has been found to depend on the phase in the cell cycle at which virus infection took place. Monolayer cultures of L cells were synchronized by the double thymidine-block method. Such synchronously growing cultures were used to study the ability of cells to produce interferon when they were infected with ultraviolet-inactivated Newcastle disease virus (UV-NDV) at different phases of the cell cycle. In all instances, interferon was detected early and reached a maximum at about 16 hr after infection. However, the levels of interferon found in medium of cultures infected at early post-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthetic (G2) and to some extent at late G2 phases of the cell cycle were comparatively lower than those found in cultures infected at the early DNA synthetic (S) phase. There appeared also in these infected growing cultures a transient period when interferon production was apparently delayed. This period corresponded interestingly with the time of mitotic burst. Infection of thymidine- or 1-beta-d-arabino-furanosylcytosine-inhibited cultures with UV-NDV also led to similar interferon response as that observed in growing cultures infected at early S. However, no transient delay of interferon production was demonstrated in these cultures.
Interaction of a Polyglycidol‐Based Nonionic Surfactant with Silicon in Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions (1999)

The interaction of an alkyl polyglycidol surfactant with hydrogen‐passivated silicon from dilute hydrofluoric acid solutions has been measured using wettability and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. The surfactant was found to be very effective in rendering hydrophobic hydrogen‐terminated silicon hydrophilic in the hydrofluoric acid solutions. The adsorption of the surfactant, and its desorption when rinsed with deionized water, were very rapid. However, approximately 20 % of the adsorbed surfactant remained on the silicon surface even after prolonged rinsing. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A Survey Study of Attitude and Knowledge Regarding Female Fertility Preservation Among Reproductive Health Professionals in Fujian, China (2018)

Most of the surveyed reproductive health professionals held a positive attitude toward interdisciplinary collaboration with oncologists during oncofertility practice. However, the lack of their oncofertility knowledge highlighted the need of standard oncofertility education and training in China.
A Forecast for Theoretical Chemistry (1971)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Golden Age of Quantum Mechanics The Present and Future of Quantum Mechanics Be Ready for the New Golden Age
Finite element reconstruction of Acute SubDural Haematoma (ASDH) cadaver experiments (2016)

Introduction Acute subdural haematoma (ASDH) is a type of intracranial haemorrhage following head impact. Bridging vein (BV) rupture is considered a major cause of ASDH, which is why a biofidelic representation of BVs in finite element (FE) head models is essential for the successful prediction of ASDH. Materials and methods We investigated the mechanical behavior of the BVs in the KTH FE head model [2]. First, a sensitivity study was performed, quantifying the effect of varying loading conditions (pulse duration (PD), rotational (RA) and linear acceleration (LA) and peak rotational velocity (RV)) and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus (E) and outer diameter (OD)) on the BV strains using a multiple linear regression model. Secondly, previously performed cadaver head impact experiments [1] were simulated with varying sets of mechanical properties. For each set of 12 simulations the prediction result of the simulations is cross checked with its corresponding experimental case and the number of successful prediction is tracked. Results The correlation analysis showed that RV had a significant correlation with the maximum value of the RA and PD. These three parameters showed a pronounced positive correlation with the BV strains. RV had the biggest effect. In contrast, LA had no effect on the BV strains. For the mechanical properties it was found that both E and OD were negatively correlated with the BV strains. A multiple linear regression model using E, OD and AREA as independent variables to predict the BV strain yielded an adjusted R2-value of 0.81. The second part of this study showed that depending on the choice of mechanical parameters, the success rate of the simulations fluctuated between 67% and 75%. Discussion & Conclusion An adjusted R2-value of 0.81 indicates that a big part of the BV behavior can be predicted with the E, OD and RV. It is also found that the prediction rates of the cadaver experiments are fairly good, which could be improved by either finding a higher number of relevant predictors or a more biofidelic representation of the BVs. Given the limited data available, it would also be very interesting to acquire a bigger database with accident or impact cases where BV rupture occurred. This would greatly benefit the improvement and validation of the BV representation in the FE head model. Acknowledgments: This work was supported the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (I.W.T.) and the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). References: [1] B. Depreitere, et al., Journal of neurosurgery 104 (6) (2006) 950-956 [2] S. Kleiven, International Journal of Crashworthiness 11 (1) (2006) 65-79.
Development and Characterization of a Diamine Oxidase-Based Histamine Biosensor (2006)

Histamine levels have been suggested as a rapid fish spoilage indicator. Therefore, histamine biosensors based on immobilization of diamine oxidase (DAO) in photocurable poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (photoHEMA) film was developed. Histamine was oxidized by immobilized DAO at 0.35 volt on the surface of carbon-paste screen-printed electrode (SPE) versus conventional Ag/AgCl reference, and with platinum rod as a counter electrode, which named as macro electrode system histamine biosensor. No leaching of the immobilized DAO was observed during histamine detection using the biosensor. The optimized histamine biosensor displayed a linear response over the range of 0 to 60 ppm histamine with correlation coefficient (R2) equals to 0.9946 (RSD < 11.19%). The sensitivity obtained was 5.56 nA ppm-1 and the limit of detection was 0.65 ppm of histamine with the response time of 50 seconds. The histamine biosensor exhibited repeatability and reproducibility characteristic with RSD values equals to 14.06 and 7.80% (n = 10) respectively. The histamine biosensor was applied to determine histamine in tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) and the results were agreeable with a conventional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, where a correlation of R2 = 0.9612 (Y = 0.9614 x + 5.5813) was obtained. The developed histamine biosensor showed recovery of added histamine in the range of 93.11 to 100.58%. Home made miniaturized histamine biosensor (30 mm x 10 mm) was then developed by screen-printed of carbon as working and counter electrodes together with Ag/AgCl reference electrode on the polyester substrate {named SPE (i)}. Miniaturized histamine biosensor with SPE (i) operated at 0.25 volt exhibited a linear range from 0 to 100 ppm of histamine with R2 = 0.9577 (RSD < 9%) and sensitivity of 0.03 nAppm-1 with the limit of detection of 2.46 ppm of histamine. The miniaturized histamine biosensor with a SPE (ii) was operated at 0.35 volt and it showed a linear range from 0 to 50 ppm histamine with R2 of 0.9766 (RSD < 16%) and sensitivity of 0.40 nAppm-1. The limit of detection of histamine was 4.64 ppm. The miniaturized SPE (i) was then modified with K3Fe(CN)6 and operated at 0.35 volt. This biosensor could detect the histamine in the linear range of 0 to 80 ppm with the R2 = 0.9931 and sensitivity 5.31 nAppm-1. The limit of detection for this modified histamine biosensor was 2.11 ppm histamine.
Crystallographic polarity effect of ZnO on thin film growth of pentacene (2017)

The spontaneous polarization effect of ZnO on the thin film growth of pentacene, which is a typical π conjunction organic semiconductor, was investigated. Pentacene thin films were grown on polar ZnO surfaces by ultraslow organic film physical vapor deposition to obtain layer-by-layer growth. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that pentacene molecules stand upright on polar ZnO surfaces, and that the films consist of two polymorphs, namely, the thin-film and bulk phases. The thin-film phases of pentacene were observed regardless of the polarity of the ZnO substrate at a thickness of less than six molecular layers. However, pentacene on a Zn-polar ZnO substrate gradually changed to the bulk phase unlike that on an O-polar ZnO substrate. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements revealed that the surface potential of pentacene becomes more positive with increasing pentacene thickness at less than two molecular layers. The variation in the potential of pentacene on the Zn-polar ZnO substrate was larger than that of pentacene on the O-polar ZnO substrate. These findings indicate that the polarity of the semiconductor can control the growth and electronic state of the inorganic/organic semiconductor interface.
Reaching the optimal focusing and steering capabilities of transcranial HIFU arrays based on time reversal of acoustically induced cavitation bubble signature (2008)

Brain treatment with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) can be achieved by multichannel arrays through the skull using time-reversal focusing. Such a method requires a reference signal either sent by a real source embedded in brain tissues or computed from a virtual source, using the acoustic properties of the skull deduced from CT images. This non-invasive computational method allows precise focusing, but is time consuming and suffers from unavoidable modeling and repositioning errors which reduce the accessible acoustic pressure at the focus in comparison with real experimental time-reversal using an implanted hydrophone. Ex vivo simulations with a half skull immersed in a water tank allow us to reach at low amplitude levels a pressure ratio of 83% of the reference pressure (real time-reversal) at 1 MHz. Using this method to transcranially focus a pulse signal in an agar gel (model for in vivo bubble formation), we induced a cavitation bubble that generated an ultrasonic wave received by the array. Selecting the 1 MHz component, the signal was time reversed and re-emitted, allowing 97%plusmn1.1% of pressure ratio to be restored. To target points in the vicinity of the geometrical focus, conventional electronic steering from the reference signal has been achieved. Skull aberrations severely degrade the accessible pressure while moving away from the focus ( ~90% at 11 mm in the focal plane). Nevertheless, inducing cavitation bubbles close to the limit of the primary accessible zone allowed us to acquire multiple references signal to increase the electronic steering area by 50%.