gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cell tumors (2003)

Historically, there has been much debate on the nature of infantile hemangiomas as either congenital malformations or benign neoplasms. Some vascular lesions that are present at birth and evidence no proliferative growth are considered to be congenital malformations; other post-natal vascular tumors pursue aggressive and possibly lethal clinical courses. The literature of the last two decades has been reviewed with a hope of clarifying the pathogenesis and underlying molecular lesions of this diverse set of lesions. Genetic investigations of two diseases associated with vascular tumors and abnormalities, von Hippel-Lindau disease, and Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia have greatly added to our knowledge of vascular proliferation and provided a tantalizing clue to the pathogenesis of hemangioblastomas. Mutations have also been described in infantile hemangiomas. All of the entities considered, vascular neoplasms as well as malformations, have been examined for the expression of vascular growth factors, their receptors, and factors that appear to promote cell proliferation. Similarly, factors that either block or promote apoptosis have also been examined in various vascular lesions. These studies have in large confirmed our expectations about proliferating tumors that show upregulation of growth promoting factors and inhibition of those that promote apoptosis. In conclusion, although much has been learned about vascular physiology and the control of endothelial proliferation, and while understanding about the molecular pathogenesis of the two inherited diseases mentioned above is detailed but not yet complete, understanding of the pathogenesis of benign and malignant endothelial tumors remains vague.
High-density micromachined polygon optical crossconnects exploiting network connection-symmetry (1998)

Optical-layer crossconnects with high port count appear to be emerging as key elements for provisioning and restoration in future wavelength-division-multiplexed networks. We demonstrate here a means of achieving high-density optical crossconnects utilizing free-space micromachined optical switches that exploit connection-symmetry in core-transport networks. The micromachined polygon switches proposed here are strictly nonblocking. Measured insertion losses of 3.1-3.5 dB for a 16/spl times/16 (8/spl times/8 bidirectional) switch suggest the promise of scaling to large port count.
Reactivity of Formaldehyde toward OH Radicals at ISM Temperatures (2017)

International audience
Differences in Virological Response to Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin between Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv)-Monoinfected and HCV–Hiv-Coinfected Patients (2008)

Differences in efficacy of PEG-IFN-alpha2a plus ribavirin treatment between HCV-HIV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients were maintained despite optimized ribavirin dose.
The thienotriazolodiazepine Ro 11‐1464 increases plasma apoA‐I and promotes reverse cholesterol transport in human apoA‐I transgenic mice (2011)

In this model Ro 11-1464 causes increased hepatic expression and plasma levels of apoA-I and a suppression of LCAT, and a marked enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport, but also some symptoms of liver toxicity. The compound may therefore be a prototype for a next generation of anti-atherosclerotic medicines.
Thermomechanical behavior of zero-cement, high-alumina castables (2000)

Mechanical properties of zero-cement self-flow high-alumina castables were evaluated and the results compared to the mechanical behavior of similar ULC compositions.
Signal compression based on Fourier transform vector quantization (2002)

The basic subject of this paper is devoted to the construction, realization and investigations of two algorithms for Fourier transform vector quantization design procedure. The first one is based on the quantization of real and imaginary parts and the second on the magnitude and phase parts of the FFT result. Achievements in the area of data compression in both cases are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fragmentation of o‐nitrodiarylamines on electron impact: Formation of carbazole radical cations (1992)

Abstract The HO · fragment eliminated on electron impact (EI) from the molecular ions of o ‐nitrodiarylamines contains either the amine or the aryl hydrogen. Moreover, 2‐phenylamino‐3‐nitropyridine loses H · from the phenyl group. As confirmed by collision‐activated dissociation mass‐analysed ion kinetic energy spectra, the fragmentation of such compounds involves the formation of carbazole radical cations. Such a process was not observed for the corresponding o ‐aminodiarylamines.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum in a Trachoma Endemic Area (1994)

This study does not support a major role for perinatally transmitted C. trachomatis infection in trachoma epidemiology.
Indoor localization using SLAM in parallel with a natural marker detector (2013)

Indoor localization poses is a challenge to computer vision research, since one may not make use of GPS-based devices. A classic approach commonly used in museums, research institutes, etc, is the use of fiducial marker to track the users position. However, this approach is intrusive into the ambient and not always possible. A possible solution would be natural marker detection, but algorithms for this, such as SURF, have not yet achieved real-time performance. A promising approach is a Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) algorithm, which, starting from a known position, is capable of generating a map of the surrounding environment in portable systems. The problem of SLAM algorithms is theirs error accumulation that builds up during the movement. This work presents an algorithm to locate 3D positions in non-instrumented indoor environments using a web camera. We define a hybrid approach, using a pattern-recognition method to reinitialize whenever possible a VSLAM algorithm. An implementation of the proposed algorithm use well-known computer vision algorithms, such as SURF and Davison's SLAM. In addition, tests were made on datasets from walks inside a room. Results indicate that our approach is better than a fiducial marker tracking and pure SLAM tracking in our test environment.
Packaged AlGaAs waveguide modulator array at 830 nm wavelength (1995)

We report a fully packaged AlGaAs waveguide modulator array with four individually addressable elements operating at approximately 830 nm wavelength and a clock speed of 1 GHz. The modulators rely largely on the linear electro-optic effect for operation, and have been packaged with an E/D MESFET driver with complementary 3.5 V outputs, and a thick-film ceramic bias network. The device is compact, using multimode interference devices for on-chip splitters and combiners and has a 4 mm electrode length. Extinction ratios in excess of 10 dB have been demonstrated over a temperature range from room temperature to 143/spl deg/C. The modulator array has been packaged with a remote high power (100 mW) diode laser using stable single mode input coupling, while the modulator output is packaged with a multimode fiber array of 52.5 /spl mu/m core diameter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID FLUORIDES USING HEXAFLUORO-1,2-EPOXYPROPANE (1976)

Abstract Carboxylic acid fluorides were prepared by treating free carboxylic acids with hexafluoro-1,2-epoxypropane in the presence of triethylamine or N,N-dimethylaniline under mild conditions.
Creative Problem Solving in Artificially Intelligent Agents: A Survey and Framework (2022)

Creative Problem Solving (CPS) is a sub-area within Artificial Intelligence (AI) that focuses on methods for solving off-nominal, or anomalous problems in autonomous systems. Despite many advancements in planning and learning, resolving novel problems or adapting existing knowledge to a new context, especially in cases where the environment may change in unpredictable ways post deployment, remains a limiting factor in the safe and useful integration of intelligent systems. The emergence of increasingly autonomous systems dictates the necessity for AI agents to deal with environmental uncertainty through creativity. To stimulate further research in CPS, we present a definition and a framework of CPS, which we adopt to categorize existing AI methods in this field. Our framework consists of four main components of a CPS problem, namely, 1) problem formulation, 2) knowledge representation, 3) method of knowledge manipulation, and 4) method of evaluation. We conclude our survey with open research questions, and suggested directions for the future.
Strict self-assembly of [Fe(cyclam)]3+and [hydrogenbis(1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylate)]3–into a novel mixed-valent one-dimensional polymer containing an FeIIIN4O2chromophore (1994)

trans-[FeIII(cyclam)][{Fc(CO2)2}2H], 1, (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane; [Fc(CO2)2]2–= 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylate) strictly self-assembles via FeIII–carboxylate covalent bonds and hydrogenbiscarboxylate hydrogen bonds to form a one-dimensional polymer that contains the first crystallographically characterized FeIIIN4O2 chromopore.
Simple method for the fluorinated functionalization of graphene oxide (2013)

Fluorinated graphene was reported and its outstanding properties and structure impressed everyone, but there was a lack of extensive preparation and application due to the use of expensive graphene and hazardous fluorinating agents. Now we have developed a simple, highly-effective, low-cost, and large-scale process for the preparation of monolayered FGO.
Analysis of genotype/phenotype correlations in Japanese patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. (2018)

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is one of the genetic pigmentation disorders and shows characteristic mixture of hyper- and hypo-pigmented small macules on the extremities. Heterozygous mutations in the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 gene (<i>ADAR1</i>) cause DSH. In the present study, we report five cases of DSH and identify a distinct known mutation in each patient. Furthermore, we review previously described cases with the five <i>ADAR1</i> mutations found in the present study. We reviewed clinical and molecular findings in the present and previously reported cases and found an identical mutation can result in various phenotypic severities, even in one family. We found novel phenotype-genotype correlations between the presence/absence of facial lesions and the <i>ADAR1</i> mutation c.3286C>T. The absence of freckle-like macules in the face was found to be more commonly associated with the mutation c.3286C>T than with the other 4 <i>ADAR1</i> mutations (odds ratio = 0.056 [95% CI: 0.007-0.47, p < 0.005]). We objectively evaluated the severity of skin manifestations in the extremities using our definition of severity levels for such manifestations. This is the first semi-quantitative evaluation of skin manifestations in DSH. Using our definition, we found that patients with facial lesions with or without hypopigmented macules tend to show more severe symptoms on the extremities than patients without facials lesions show. Furthermore, no significant difference in the severity of the skin lesions was observed between the upper and the lower extremities, suggesting that sun exposure does not affect significantly the pathogenesis of DSH skin lesions.
Adsorption Sites and Bond Lengths of Iodine on Cu{111} and Cu{100} from Surface Extended X-Ray-Absorption Fine Structure (1980)

The unambiguous identification of adsorption sites is demonstrated by using absolute and relative polarization-dependent surface extended-x-ray-absorption fine-structure amplitude functions. This empirical procedure is generally applicable to all oriented adsorbates on single-crystal substrates.
Learning Human Actions Semantics in Virtual Reality for a Better Human-Robot Collaboration (2022)

The advent of collaborative robots has revolutionised the work concept for Small Medium Enterprises (SME), introducing quick line configuration changes and allowing a human operator to work together with a robot. Several problems are still present regarding the need to reprogram the robotic collaborator. This paper exploits the concept of Virtual Reality to instruct the robotic co-worker, allowing a non-skilled operator to teach a task effortlessly and straightforwardly. Each Skill composing the task is classified and characterised through its pre and postconditions to let the robot stop and notify the operator in case of inability to complete the scheduled action. Moreover, the system allows the operator to interact with the robot and be proactive during the task execution.
PAS kinase: An evolutionarily conserved PAS domain-regulated serine/threonine kinase (2001)

PAS domains regulate the function of many intracellular signaling pathways in response to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. PAS domain-regulated histidine kinases are common in prokaryotes and control a wide range of fundamental physiological processes. Similarly regulated kinases are rare in eukaryotes and are to date completely absent in mammals. PAS kinase (PASK) is an evolutionarily conserved gene product present in yeast, flies, and mammals. The amino acid sequence of PASK specifies two PAS domains followed by a canonical serine/threonine kinase domain, indicating that it might represent the first mammalian PAS-regulated protein kinase. We present evidence that the activity of PASK is regulated by two mechanisms. Autophosphorylation at two threonine residues located within the activation loop significantly increases catalytic activity. We further demonstrate that the N-terminal PAS domain is a cis regulator of PASK catalytic activity. When the PAS domain-containing region is removed, enzyme activity is significantly increased, and supplementation of the purified PAS-A domain in trans selectively inhibits PASK catalytic activity. These studies define a eukaryotic signaling pathway suitable for studies of PAS domains in a purified in vitro setting.
Diastereo‐ and Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of (–)‐Allosedamine via Cycloaddition of a Chiral Nitrone (1994)

Abstract The piperidine alkaloid (–)‐allosedamine ( 1 ) has been synthesized, in 21% overall yield, in nine steps starting from the formyl‐ester 4 . The synthesis features the reaction cascade 7 → 3 → 2 , involving asymmetric electrophilic enolate hydroxyamination, hydroxylamine/aldehyde condensation, and nitrone/styrene cycloaddition, as well as the reductive N/O cleavage‐decyanation 12 → 1 .
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Transition‐Metal Carbene Complexes and the Formal [3 + 2 + 1] Pyridinannulation of the Cycloadducts. (1986)

Abstract The first examples of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of α,β‐unsaturated carbene complexes are described. The reaction of alkynylcarbene complexes of type (II) with diazomethane gives a mixture of two products, e.g. (IVa) and (V) from (IIa).
Monitoring of antiviral therapy with quantitative evaluation of hbeag: A comparison with HBV DNA testing (1993)

The serological endpoint of response in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is the loss of hepatitis B virus DNA and HBeAg. Because the quantitative measurement of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum has been shown to be useful for monitoring and predicting response to interferon-alpha therapy, we decided to evaluate whether changes in HBeAg concentration could also be used in this manner. Twenty-nine patients who were initially positive for HBeAg and HBV DNA were serially evaluated for HBeAg concentration with a microparticle-capture enzyme immunoassay. HBeAg levels in serum were calculated by means of comparison with a standard curve of fluorescence rate vs. HBeAg concentration. The results, expressed in milliunits per milliliter, were compared with hepatitis B virus DNA levels determined by means of solution hybridization. The baseline HBeAg concentration proved to be the best independent predictor of response on stepwise Cox regression analysis (p = 0.026). Similar disappearance curves were observed for the two markers, although hepatitis B virus DNA became undetectable at an earlier interval in 13 of 16 cases (81%). In the 16 responders, a decline in HBeAg concentration of more than 90% was observed by wk 12 of therapy (mean +/- S.D., 95% +/- 13%). Nonresponders did not demonstrate such steep declines in HBeAg values by wk 12 (mean +/- S.D., 45% +/- 27%), and levels tended to increase at subsequent time points. We conclude that serial monitoring of HBeAg concentration with a technique that should be readily adaptable to clinical laboratories may be useful in the initial evaluation and monitoring of patients undergoing antiviral therapy.
JRes (1998)

With the spread of the Internet the computing model on server systems is undergoing several important changes. Recent research ideas concerning dynamic operating system extensibility are finding their way into the commercial domain, resulting in designs of extensible databases and Web servers. In addition, both ordinary users and service providers must deal with untrusted downloadable executable code of unknown origin and intentions.Across the board, Java has emerged as the language of choice for Internet-oriented software. We argue that, in order to realize its full potential in applications dealing with untrusted code, Java needs a flexible resource accounting interface. The design and prototype implementation of such an interface --- JRes --- is presented in this paper. The interface allows to account for heap memory, CPU time, and network resources consumed by individual threads or groups of threads. JRes allows limits to be set on resources available to threads and it can invoke callbacks when these limits are exceeded. The JRes prototype described in this paper is implemented on top of standard Java virtual machines and requires only a small amount of native code.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Nuclear–Cytoplasmic Transport Is a Therapeutic Target in Myelofibrosis (2023)

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Oncologic Safety of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in Women with Breast Cancer (2017)

Rates of locoregional and distant recurrence are acceptably low after nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients with breast cancer. No patient in our series has had a recurrence involving the retained nipple areola complex.
CLINICAL STUDY OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS (1986)

Between 1979 and 1984, appendectomy was performed in 206 patients at Nagitsuji Hospital. Of 206 patients, 197 had been correctly diagnosed as acute appendicitis. There were 107 males and 90 females; the age ranged from 5 years old (y.o.) to 78 y.o. These patients were classified into 4 groups; children (under 19 y.o., n:33), youths (11 y.o.-19 y.o., n:81), adults (20 y.o., -69 y.o., n:81), and the elderly (over 70 y.o., n:2). The clinicopathological type of ap-pendicitis was catarrhatic in 104 (53%), phlegmonous in 68 (35%), gangrenous in 17 (9%), and perforative in 8 (4%) patients. The percentage of catarrhatic appendicitis was higher in the childrens group (60%) than in the adult group (40%). Severe appendicitis with perforation or gangrenous change was encountered in only 11 of 113 patients under 20 years of age, there were no differences in the mean suffering-time until appendectomy between the four age groups. However, mean hospital days were prolonged in the elderly group (21.5±6.3), as compared with the other three groups: children (8.7±1.2); youths (9.6±3.0); adults (10.3±3.7). Rare lesions of the appendix, appendiceal calculi (3), appendiceal diverticula (2) and carcinoid (1), are reported in detail.
Highly Efficient Gene Silencing Activity of siRNA Embedded in a Nanostructured Gyroid Cubic Lipid Matrix (2010)

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway with wide-ranging applications in functional genomics, therapeutics, and biotechnology. Cationic liposome-small interfering RNA (CL-siRNA) complexes have emerged as vectors of choice for delivery of siRNA, which mediates RNAi. However, siRNA delivery by CL-siRNA complexes is often inefficient and accompanied by lipid toxicity. We report the development of CL-siRNA complexes with a novel cubic phase nanostructure, which exhibit efficient silencing at low toxicity. The inverse bicontinuous gyroid cubic nanostructure was unequivocally established from synchrotron X-ray scattering data, while fluorescence microscopy revealed colocalization of lipid and siRNA in complexes. We attribute the efficient silencing to enhanced fusion of complex and endosomal membranes, facilitated by the cubic phase membrane's positive Gaussian modulus, which may enable spontaneous formation of transient pores. The findings underscore the importance of understanding membrane-mediated interactions between CL-siRNA complex nanostructure and cell components in developing CL-based gene silencing vectors.
‘What has supramolecular chemistry done for us?’: a personal perspective and opinions on our field (2015)

"‘What has supramolecular chemistry done for us?’: a personal perspective and opinions on our field." Supramolecular Chemistry, 28(5-6), pp. 339–340
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of o‐Ethynylphenols, o‐((Trimethylsilyl) ethynyl)phenyl Acetates, and o‐Alkynylphenols with Unsaturated Triflates or Halides: A Route to 2‐Substituted‐, 2,3‐Disubstituted‐, and 2‐Substituted‐3‐acylbenzo(b)furans. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Encrypted Oligonucleotide Arrays for Molecular Authentication (2019)

Counterfeiting is an incredibly widespread problem, with some estimates placing its economic impact above 2% of worldwide GDP. The scale of the issue suggests that current preventive measures are either technologically insufficient or too impractical and costly to be widely adopted. High-density arrays of biomolecules are explored here as security devices that can be coupled to a valuable commodity as proof of its authenticity. Light-directed DNA array fabrication technology is used to synthesize arrays that are designed to resist analysis with sequencing-by-hybridization approaches. A relatively simple sequence design strategy forces a counterfeiter to undertake a prohibitively high number of complex experiments to decipher the array sequences employed.
Groups in which the intersection of any two incomparable subgroups is abelian. II (1983)

In questa nota si continua lo studio della classe (P) dei gruppi nei quali l’intersezione di due sottogruppi non con¬frontabili è abeliana. Sono esaminati i gruppi localmente super¬solubili e localmente risolubili in (P).
Technological powerhouse or diluted competence: Techniques for assessing mergers via patent analysis (2002)

On a daily basis, we are bombarded with the news of yet another mega–merger. The business press generally greets these announcements with breathless projections based on extrapolations of combined sales, earnings, and R&amp;D spending, with little emphasis on whether the merged companies will be worth the sum of their parts. In this paper we examine patent analysis techniques for evaluating the technological strength of merger candidates, and explore the notion that the technological quality of the merged company may be diluted rather than enhanced. We will also use patent analysis methods for examining the market value of companies, to determine whether a merger target is over– or under–priced. We will explore all of these techniques within the context of a case study of the proposed merger between Glaxo–Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, although the techniques can be readily applied to any merger within an R&amp;D intensive industry.