gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving access to affordable quality-assured inhaled medicines in low- and middle-income countries (2022)

<b>BACKGROUND:</b> Access to affordable inhaled medicines for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) is severely limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing avoidable morbidity and mortality. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease convened a stakeholder meeting on this topic in February 2022.<b>METHODS:</b> Focused group discussions were informed by literature and presentations summarising experiences of obtaining inhaled medicines in LMICs. The virtual meeting was moderated using a topic guide around barriers and solutions to improve access. The thematic framework approach was used for analysis.<b>RESULTS:</b> A total of 58 key stakeholders, including patients, healthcare practitioners, members of national and international organisations, industry and WHO representatives attended the meeting. There were 20 pre-meeting material submissions. The main barriers identified were 1) low awareness of CRDs; 2) limited data on CRD burden and treatments in LMICs; 3) ineffective procurement and distribution networks; and 4) poor communication of the needs of people with CRDs. Solutions discussed were 1) generation of data to inform policy and practice; 2) capacity building; 3) improved procurement mechanisms; 4) strengthened advocacy practices; and 5) a World Health Assembly Resolution.<b>CONCLUSION:</b> There are opportunities to achieve improved access to affordable, quality-assured inhaled medicines in LMICs through coordinated, multi-stakeholder, collaborative efforts.
Humoral Responses and Salmonellosis Protection in Chickens Given a Vitamin-Dependent Salmonella typhimurium Mutant (1991)

Humoral responses in chickens inoculated with an aromatic vitamin dependent (Aro-) Salmonella typhimurium mutant (STM) were studied to ascertain the efficacy of the organism as a vaccine for salmonellosis and possibly as a delivery system for antigens from enteric pathogens of chickens. Serum antibody responses in chickens that were given oral or subcutaneous inoculations of the bacterium followed the classic order of antibody production, with IgM being detected first, followed by IgG and IgA. Antibody responses in the gut of orally inoculated chickens were restricted to IgG and IgA. Weight gain measured in chickens given high doses of STM (up to 5 x 10(9)) orally, revealed that the bacterium did not adversely affect the chickens; in fact, inoculated chickens had significantly higher body weights than controls at the same age. Salmonellosis protection of chickens by oral vaccination with STM was examined in a vaccination/challenge experiment. The experiment revealed that oral vaccination reduced excretion of a virulent S. typhimurium used as the challenge organism.
Quantum phase estimation with lossy interferometers (2009)

We give a detailed discussion of optimal quantum states for optical two-mode interferometry in the presence of photon losses. We derive analytical formulae for the precision of phase estimation obtainable using quantum states of light with a definite photon number and prove that maximization of the precision is a convex optimization problem. The corresponding optimal precision, i.e., the lowest possible uncertainty, is shown to beat the standard quantum limit thus outperforming classical interferometry. Furthermore, we discuss more general inputs: states with indefinite photon number and states with photons distributed between distinguishable time bins. We prove that neither of these is helpful in improving phase estimation precision.
[Action of beta blockaders in hypertension caused by isthmic aortic coarctation: a new proof in favor of renin-angiotensin system]. (1978)

This paper deals with data-based optimal control. The control algorithm consists of two complementary subsystems, namely a data-based observer and an optimal feedback controller based on the system's Markov parameters. These parameters can be identified on-line using only input/output data. The effectiveness of the resulting controller is evaluated with a regulation and a tracking control experiment, performed on a direct-drive robot of spatial kinematics.
Die Synthese von 8‐Methyl‐Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinolen (1976)

Abstract Zur Darstellung der 8‐methylsubstituierten Δ 8 ‐THC‐Derivate 3a ‐ c wurden die Tetrahydrodibenzo[ b , d ]pyran‐6‐one 1a ‐ c mit Grignard‐Reagenz primär zu den Triolen 2a ‐ c umgesetzt. Diese cyclisieren unter sauren Reaktionsbedingungen zu 3a ‐ c , wobei allerdings auch die Iso‐THC‐Produkte 4a ‐ c in vergleichbarer Menge mit entstehen. Führt man die Cyclisierung dagegen thermisch durch, so entstehen nur die gewünschten Δ 8 ‐THC‐Derivate 3a ‐ c . Die Konstitutionen der neuen Verbindungen werden durch ihre NMR‐Spektren gesichert.
Cross-industry standard test method developments: from manufacturing to wearable robots (2017)

Manufacturing robotics is moving towards human-robot collaboration with light duty robots being used side by side with workers. Similarly, exoskeletons that are both passive (spring and counterbalance forces) and active (motor forces) are worn by humans and used to move body parts. Exoskeletons are also called ‘wearable robots’ when they are actively controlled using a computer and integrated sensing. Safety standards now allow, through risk assessment, both manufacturing and wearable robots to be used. However, performance standards for both systems are still lacking. Ongoing research to develop standard test methods to assess the performance of manufacturing robots and emergency response robots can inspire similar test methods for exoskeletons. This paper describes recent research on performance standards for manufacturing robots as well as search and rescue robots. It also discusses how the performance of wearable robots could benefit from using the same test methods.
ISLES OF EDEN AND THE ZUK THEOREM IN ℝd (2008)

The concept of isles of Eden when generalized from finite cellular automata to classical dynamical systems on ℝ d calls the attention to the ZUK Theorem — Z for [Zubov, 1957], U and K for [Ura &amp; Kimura, 1960] — a fifty years old and almost forgotten result in topological dynamics, a classification theorem for compact isolated invariant sets. We provide a simple proof and discuss various consequences including a new result on pointwise Liapunov functions.
Anion affinity of carbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) in dichloromethane: fluoride vs. its halide analogs (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnion affinity of carbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) in dichloromethane: fluoride vs. its halide analogsDaniel M. Branan, Norris W. Hoffman, E. Andrew McElroy, Nathan C. Miller, David L. Ramage, Anne F. Schott, and Sidney H. YoungCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 17, 2915–2917Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00264a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00264a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Representation and Extraction of Physics Knowledge Based on Knowledge Graph and Embedding-Combined Text Classification for Cooperative Learning (2022)

Physical knowledge is the foundation of most engineering fields in particular such as product design, analysis, and operation and maintenance. However, due to the complexity of physical concepts, laws, and calculations, students can be easily overwhelmed by the conceptual ideas in the process of learning physics. This paper proposes a new way for helping students grasp the logical relation between the physics knowledge points based on neural networks and knowledge graph technology. Specifically, we use Python scripts to collect the articles about physics knowledge on the Internet as the raw data. After removing the special characters and other irrelevant text, the rest of the data is passed to several neural networks based on BERT and ERNIE for their effective and efficient classification into seven kinds of physics knowledge. The experimental results show that using ERNIE-BERT for embedding and using RCNN for the downstream model achieve the best performance. Knowledge graph is used to build a tree structure of physics knowledge, holding the physics knowledge picked out by the neural networks under corresponding nodes.
Effects of SINR estimation errors on the DL cell throughput of an LTE system in different environments (2013)

In this paper we analyze the influence of errors in SINR estimation on the system level performance of an LTE system. Additionally we investigate the effect of the selection of the SINR/CQI mapping curve on the cell throughput and error resistance. We focus on downlink scenarios in a macro-cell (57 cells deployed in a hexagonal grid) and a micro-cell environment (Manhattan grid deployment with 72 cells). Up to 20 users are simultaneously active in the observed cell. For that we use a Best CQI scheduling algorithm. Our investigations are done using a simulation environment based on two tools with different modeling accuracy. With that approach the simulation runtime can be kept short enough in order to produce results efficiently. Simulations have shown that the LTE system is very resistant to SINR estimation errors, but it does not always achieve the best cell throughput performance when operating with the parameters for the SINR-to-modulation-and-coding curves recommended in the LTE-standard documents [1]. However, by increasing cell throughput performance, the resistance to SINR estimation errors decreases.
Controlling the materials properties and nanostructure of a single-component dendritic gel by adding a second component (2004)

This paper reports a dendritic system which is capable of forming both one-component and two-component gels--interestingly the addition of the second component can either increase or decrease the degree of gelation, depending on dendritic generation.
Production of silicon pore optics (2006)

New astronomical science missions demand X-ray telescopes with an angular resolution better than 5" and effective areas of up to 5 m<sup>2</sup> at 1 keV. Traditional technologies like nickel electro-forming or polished glass surfaces lead to long and heavy structures, which require prohibitive mass resources to achieve the required large collecting area. To overcome this problem an entirely novel technology using silicon wafers has been developed resulting in pore X-ray optics, which form very light, stiff and modular structures. The suitability of silicon wafers to be used as high quality optical material has been demonstrated and semiconductor industry have developed methods to structure the wafers such, that they can be assembled into segments of Wolter-I optics. For the assembly of these, so called High Performance Pore Optics (HPO), we have developed an automated production robot. The assembly process and the required metrology is described in detail and experimental methods are shown, which allow to assess the quality of the HPOs during production and to predict their performance when measured in synchrotron radiation facilities.
MicroRNA-206 Regulates Cell Movements during Zebrafish Gastrulation by Targeting prickle1a and Regulating c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2 Phosphorylation (2012)

During vertebrate gastrulation, both concurrent inductive events and cell movements are required for axis formation. Convergence and extension (CE) movements contribute to narrowing and lengthening the forming embryonic axis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating fundamental cellular functions and developmental processes, but their functions in CE movements are not well known. Zebrafish mir206 is maternally expressed and present throughout blastulation and gastrulation periods. Either gain or loss of function of mir206 leads to severe defects of convergent extension movements both cell autonomously and non-cell autonomously. Mosaic lineage tracing studies reveal that the formation of membrane protrusions and actin filaments is disturbed in mir206-overexpressing embryos or mir206 morphants. Mechanistically, mir206 targets prickle1a (pk1a) mRNA and as a result regulates c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 2 (JNK2) phosphorylation. pk1a overexpression or knockdown can rescue convergent extension defects induced by mir206 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. Therefore, mir206 is an essential, novel regulator for normal convergent and extension movements by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) JNK signaling.
Detection of low level cryoglobulins by flow cytometry (2012)

Several patients with cryoglobulin (CG) associated symptoms are seronegative for CG and other potentially causative biomarkers. We analyzed whether it is possible to detect cryoprecipitates by flow cytometry and whether the sensitivity of their demonstration can be increased as compared to visual inspection. Sera from 91 patients with suspected CG associated symptoms and 33 healthy controls were examined for the presence of CG by conventional visual testing and by flow cytometry for small diffracting particles. For calibration purposes we tested lipid micelle dilutions (positive controls) by both methods. The minimum concentrations of lipid micelles to be detected by visual inspection and flow cytometry were 128.5 and 2.0 pg ml(-1), respectively. Among the 91 patients and 33 controls, only 1 patient serum was positive for CG by conventional testing. This sample was also positive on flow cytometry. In the serum of a patient known to be positive for CG, laser diffracting particles were quantified by flow cytometry after keeping serum at 4°C for 3 days. Of the 91 patients, 14 additional samples displayed cold precipitates which redissolved after rewarming during flow cytometry. All 15 (1 + 14) patients positive for CG on flow cytometry suffered from symptoms usually associated with CG. Some precipitates were labeled with anti IgG and IgM antibodies confirming that the particles detected by flow cytometry contained immunoglobulins. No small diffracting particles were detected in the sera of the 33 healthy controls. Flow cytometry is equally specific but much more sensitive in the detection of CG than visual inspection.
Added Value of Rescue Devices in Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy: When Should We Apply Them? (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> Recent trials have demonstrated the superior efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy over other medical treatments for acute ischemic stroke; however, not every large vessel occlusion (LVO) can be recanalized using a single thrombectomy device. Rescue devices were proved to increase the reperfusion rate, but the efficacy is unclear. <b>Objective:</b> In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of rescue therapy in different locations of LVO. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy from a prospective registry of consecutive 82 patients in Taipei Medical University Hospital. The reperfusion rate and the functional outcome were compared in patients who received first-line therapy only and patients who need rescue therapy. <b>Results:</b> An 84.1% reperfusion rate was achieved in our cohort. We applied first-line stent retriever (SR) treatment in 6 patients, among which 4 (66.6%) achieved successful reperfusion. We applied a direct-aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) as the first-line treatment in 76 patients, among which 46 (60.5%) achieved successful reperfusion. Successful reperfusion could not be achieved in 30 cases (39.5%); therefore, we applied a second-line rescue SR for 28 patients, and reperfusion was established in 18 (64.3%) of them. These results revealed that the LVO in anterior circulation has a higher chance to respond to SR rescue therapy than posterior circulation lesions (68 vs. 33.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Patients who received only first-line therapy exhibited significantly better functional outcomes than those who were also treated with rescue SR therapy (41.2 vs. 16.7%, <i>P</i> = 0.001). In addition, patients with LVO in the anterior circulation were found to have a higher probability of achieving functional independence than patients with posterior circulation lesions (10.7 vs. 0.0%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that successful reperfusion and treatment type (first-line or rescue therapy) were significantly related to a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study reveals that rescue SR therapy improves the reperfusion rate. Patients who require rescue SR therapy have a lower likelihood of functional independence. LVO in the anterior circulation responds better to rescue SR therapy and results in better functional outcomes than posterior circulation lesions.
Fabrication and characterization of lateral field-emitter triodes (1991)

The author fabricated a field-emitter triode with tungsten electrodes arranged laterally on a quartz glass substrate by using the photolithography and dry etching techniques. The device consists of an array of 170 field-emitter tips with a 10- mu m pitch, a columnar gate, and an anode. The emission characteristics followed the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling theory. The mutual conductance was about 0.02 mu S at an anode voltage of 300 V. The authors improved the fabrication process to obtain an emitter with an operating voltage of about 100 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
AMP-activated protein kinase is essential for the maintenance of energy levels during synaptic activation (2018)

Abstract While accounting for 2% of the total body mass, the brain is the organ that consumes the most energy. Although it is widely acknowledged that neuronal energy metabolism is tightly regulated, the mechanism how neurons meet their energy demand to sustain synaptic transmission remains poorly studied. Here we provide substantial evidence that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a leading role in this process. Our results show that following synaptic activation, AMPK activation is required to sustain neuronal energy levels particularly through mitochondrial respiration. Further, our studies revealed that this metabolic plasticity regulated by AMPK is required for the expression of immediate early genes, synaptic plasticity and memory formation. These findings are important in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, as AMPK deregulation as it is observed in Alzheimer’s disease, impairs the metabolic response to synaptic activation. Altogether, our data provides the proof of concept that AMPK is an essential player in the regulation of neuroenergetic metabolism plasticity induced in response to synaptic activation.
An error frequently made in the evaluation of advective transport in two-dimensional Lagrangian models of advection-diffusion in coral reef waters (2002)

The flushing time of reef lagoons estimated over recent years by 2-dimensional Lagrangian algorithms may have been significantly overestimated. This is due to a numerical artefact, leading to spurious accumulation of particles in regions where the water depth or the diffusivity is smallest. The nature of this numerical problem has remained largely unknown in the coral reef modelling community, although it was described, along with an efficient remedy, in several studies which are about a decade old. The numerical problem under consideration and its consequences on the modelled transport of coral eggs at Bowden Reef, Great Barrier Reef, are briefly assessed in the present article.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Identification of TRIML2, a Novel p53 Target, that Enhances p53 SUMOylation and Regulates the Transactivation of Proapoptotic Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Identification of differentially-regulated p53 target genes between P72 and R72 NHFs using microarray experiment.&lt;/p&gt;
A 1-kW Contactless Energy Transfer System Based on a Rotary Transformer for Sealing Rollers (2014)

This paper introduces an innovative contactless energy transfer system for power supplying rotatable parts of automatic machineries as a robust alternative to sliding contacts. The design procedure of the key system devices, such as the dc/ac converter and the rotary transformer with its windings, is discussed. Different configurations in terms of switching network, number of turns, wire, and compensation are discussed with respect to their impact on the system efficiency and power factor. A thermal model to account for the core temperature is also introduced. Two setups, operating at 50 kHz and able to transfer up to 1.3 kW in a contactless fashion, are realized and tested to supply sealing roller resistors of automatic machineries. The system prototypes are then experimentally tested to validate the analytical models and the finite element simulations of the entire wireless power transfer link. Trade-offs emerge from the setups, in particular concerning efficiency, power factor, and electro-magnetic compatibility. As a consequence, we discuss the choice of the optimal configuration depending on the final application.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: impact of pharmacogenetics on 5-fluorouracil therapy. (2004)

Through the use of pharmacogenetic studies, interindividual variability in response (efficacy and toxicity) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy has been linked to the rate-limiting enzyme in the drug's catabolic pathway, known as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). This pharmacogenetic syndrome, known as "DPD deficiency," results in excessive amounts of 5-FU available to be anabolized to its active metabolites and is relatively undetectable by clinical observation prior to 5-FU administration. Extensive studies have associated both profound and partial deficiency in DPD activity with severe, unanticipated toxicity after 5-FU administration, while research on the molecular basis behind DPD deficiency has been linked to various sequence variants of the DPYD gene. Due to the widespread use of 5-FU, the severity of toxicity associated with DPD deficiency, and the prevalence of DPD deficiency in the population, extensive research is continually being performed to develop quick and accurate phenotypic and genotypic assays suitable for clinical settings that would allow clinicians to identify patients susceptible to adverse 5-FU reactions.