gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dawn of the Internet appliance (1997)

Internet technologies have fundamentally changed the way machines can gather, store and share information. Devices can now transmit important information and instructions via the Internet. Now the standardization of Internet protocols and competition among Internet service providers (ISPs) have driven down the price of Internet connectivity, so vendors are beginning to incorporate it into a wide range of devices. Developers can now put Internet connectivity into a variety of devices, including factory machinery, VCRs and hand-held appliances. In addition, low-cost communications technologies, such as wireless, promise to let users connect these devices inexpensively to intranets. Moreover, because Web browsers are so common, developers can provide sophisticated low-cost interfaces by supporting Web servers in their products. It is easy for developers to create such applications because they are so familiar with Internet tools.
Light Absorption Coefficient of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals (2018)

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was combined with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to determine the size, composition, and intrinsic absorption coefficient μ<sub>i</sub> of 4 to 11 nm sized colloidal CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals (NCs). The ICP-MS measurements demonstrate the nonstoichiometric nature of the NCs, with a systematic excess of lead for all samples studied. Rutherford backscattering measurements indicate that this enrichment in lead concurs with a relative increase in the bromide content. At high photon energies, μ<sub>i</sub> is independent of the nanocrystal size. This allows the nanocrystal concentration in CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanocolloids to be readily obtained by a combination of absorption spectroscopy and the CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> sizing curve.
Suppression of Void Formation in Si0.5Ge0.5 Alloy Nanowire during Ni Germanosilicidation (2014)

ABSTRACT The growth mechanism of Ni‐germanosilicide in Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 NW with and without silicon dioxide shell encapsulation was investigated using transmission electron microscope imaging with in situ annealing of SiGe NW array samples capped with Ni. At 200 and 400 °C, the interfacial reaction is minimal while at 600 °C, we can observe the gradual formation of a thin Ni‐germanosilicide filament for the unconstrained SiGe NW. This observation is concomitant with material loss from the sides of the SiGe NW, which eventually leads to void formation. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis along the SiGe NW shows that Ge atoms out‐diffused from the NW toward the Ni source during annealing. Excessive out‐diffusion of Ge atoms and void formation are shown to be retarded in the encapsulated SiGe NW with compressive stress.
An asynchronous instruction length decoder (2001)

This paper describes an investigation of potential advantages and pitfalls of applying an asynchronous design methodology to an advanced microprocessor architecture. A prototype complex instruction set length decoding and steering unit was implemented using self-timed circuits. [The Revolving Asynchronous Pentium/sup (R)/ Processor Instruction Decoder (RAPPID) design implemented the complete Pentium II/sup (R)/ 32-bit MMX instruction set.] The prototype chip was fabricated on a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process and tested successfully. Results show significant advantages - in particular, performance of 2.5-4.5 instructions per nanosecond - with manageable risks using this design technology. The prototype achieves three times the throughput and half the latency, dissipating only half the power and requiring about the same area as the fastest commercial 400 MHz clocked circuit fabricated on the same process.
Turbulence control by developing a spiral wave with a periodic signal injection in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (2002)

In this paper, we investigate the motion of spiral waves in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) analytically and numerically. We find that the tip of the spiral wave drifts primarily in the direction of the electric field and there is a smaller component of the drift that is perpendicular to the field when a uniform field is applied to the system. The velocity of the tip is uniform and its component along the electric field is equal to the strength of the field. When the CGLE system is driven by white noise, a diffusion law for the vortex core of the spiral wave is derived at long time explicitly. The diffusion constant is found to be D=T/C(2), in which T is the noise strength and C is the core asymptotic factor of the spiral wave. When the external force is a simple oscillation we find that the tip of the spiral wave drifts if the frequency of the external force is the same as that of the system. Our analytical results are verified using numerical simulations.
Neural Network Sampling of the Free Energy Landscape for Nitrogen Dissociation on Ruthenium (2020)

Reaction rates in heterogeneous catalysis are predicted using the free energy profiles of elementary reactions. Conventionally, the energetics are computed from critical points of the potential energy surface, with harmonic free energy corrections. Here we use ab initio molecular dynamics and neural network-assisted enhanced sampling simulations to directly calculate the free energy landscape of a prototypical heterogeneous catalysis reaction, the dissociation of molecular nitrogen on ruthenium. We show that accelerating force- and frequency-based enhanced sampling using neural networks can characterize reactive phenomena at density functional theory-level accuracy. A previously reported molecularly adsorbed metastable state is found in the potential energy surface but is absent in the free energy surface. The potential of mean force for the dissociation reaction shows significant temperature-dependent effects beyond the standard harmonic approximation. We demonstrate that these thermodynamic effects can be important for elementary reactions on transition metal surfaces.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Linking Cancer Metabolism to DNA Repair and Accelerated Senescence (2023)

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Improving BPH symptoms and sexual dysfunctions with a saw palmetto preparation? Results from a pilot trial (2012)

In elderly men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major risk factor for sexual dysfunctions (SDys). Additionally, the standard treatments for BPH symptoms, alpha blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, cause SDys themselves. Preparations from saw palmetto berries are an efficacious and well-tolerated symptomatic treatment for mild to moderate BPH and have traditionally been used to treat SDys. We conducted an open multicentric clinical pilot trial to investigate whether the saw palmetto berry preparation Prostasan® influenced BPH symptoms and SDys. Eighty-two patients participated in the 8-week trial, taking one capsule of 320 mg saw palmetto extract daily. At the end of the treatment, the International Prostate Symptom Score was reduced from 14.4 ± 4.7 to 6.9 ± 5.2 (p < 0.0001); SDys measured with the brief Sexual Function Inventory improved from 22.4 ± 7.2 to 31.4 ± 9.2 (p < 0.0001), and the Urolife BPH QoL-9 sex total improved from 137.3 ± 47.9 to 195.0 ± 56.3 (p < 0.0001). Investigators' and patients' assessments confirmed the good efficacy, and treatment was very well tolerated and accepted by the patients. Correlation analyses confirmed the relationship between improved BPH symptoms and reduced SDys. This was the first trial with saw palmetto to show improvement in BPH symptoms and SDys as well. [Corrections made here after initial online publication.]
Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to suspension trauma syndrome: A systematic review of definition, pathophysiology, and management controversies (2021)

Progress has been made in individualizing the population at risk and in the management of suspension trauma. We recommend the formation of consensus definitions, larger cohort or registry studies to be conducted, and experimental animal models to better understand the mechanisms in order to develop management and life support guidelines from a trauma and emergency medicine perspective.
Laserfarbstoffe, II. Laserfarbstoffe mit intramolekularer Triplettlöschung (1982)

Abstract Indem der Laserfarbstoff Dimethyl‐POPOP ( 1 ) mit trans ‐Stilben ( 2 ) als Triplett‐Löscher über CH 2 ‐Gruppen verknüpft wird, erhält man die Verbindungen 3 – 7 , in denen der Laserwirkungsgrad gegenüber 1 wie auch gegenüber Mischungen aus 1 und 2 um ein Vielfaches gesteigert ist.
RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain contributes to the response to multiple acidic activators in vitro. (1991)

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a unique carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) that consists of repeats of the heptapeptide YSPTSPS. RNA polymerase II CTD truncation mutations affect the ability to induce transcription of a subset of yeast genes in vivo, and the lack of response to induction maps to the upstream activating sequences of these genes. Here, we report that progressive truncation of the yeast RNA polymerase II CTD causes progressive loss of trans-activator-dependent transcription in nuclear extracts but has little effect on elongation or termination. Specific transcription, which is reduced by up to 50-fold in these assays, can be restored in the defective nuclear extracts by adding purified wild-type RNA polymerase II. The defects in factor-dependent transcription are observed with templates that are assembled into nucleosomes as well as with templates that are not so assembled. Defects in factor-independent transcription are also observed, but these are not as profound as those observed in the presence of trans-activators. These results indicate that the RNA polymerase II CTD functions during transcription initiation and is required for normal levels of activated transcription in vitro.
Growth of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus with Plaque Formation in Chick Embryo Fibroblast Cell Culture (1979)

The WA69 isolant of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induced cytopathic effects and plaque formation in chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures after serial passages in embryonated eggs and then in CEF cultures. The plaque-forming agent was cloned (designated WA69 clone) and identified as IBDV on the basis of serologic response in inoculated birds and its antigenic relationship to other known IBDV isolants. The WA69 clone replicated rapidly in CEF cultures, reaching peak titers at 48 hours postinoculation, and the virus caused only minimal histologic lesions of the bursa when inoculated into 3-week-old chicks from a specific-pathogen-free flock. The growth of IBDV in CEF cultures with plaque formation may provide a simple in vitro system for virological and serological studies of IBDV.
Nicotine Delivery to the Aerosol of a Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product: Comparison With a Tobacco Cigarette and E-Cigarettes (2017)

The purpose was to measure nicotine levels to the tobacco and levels emitted to the aerosol of a heat-not-burn product (HnB, IQOS) compared to e-cigarettes (ECs) and a tobacco cigarette. The HnB device and regular and menthol sticks were purchased from Italy. Three types of ECs (ciga-like, eGo-style, and variable wattage) and a commercially-available tobacco cigarette were also tested. A custom-made liquid containing 2% nicotine was used with ECs. Products were tested using Health Canada Intense puffing regime while HnB and ECs were additionally tested using a 4-second puff duration regime while maintaining the same puff volume. Nicotine content in HnB regular and menthol tobacco sticks was 15.2 ± 1.1 mg/g and 15.6 ± 1.7 mg/g tobacco respectively. The levels of nicotine to the aerosol were similar for regular and menthol HnB products (1.40 ± 0.16 and 1.38 ± 0.11 mg/12 puffs respectively) and did not change significantly with prolonged puff duration. The tobacco cigarette delivered the highest level of nicotine (1.99 ± 0.20 mg/cigarette), with levels being higher than HnB and ECs under Health Canada Intense regime but similar to eGo-style and variable wattage ECs at prolonged puff duration regime. The HnB product delivers nicotine to the aerosol at levels higher than ECs but lower than a tobacco cigarette when tested using Health Canada Intense puffing regime. No change in HnB nicotine delivery was observed at prolonged puff duration with the same puff volume, unlike ECs which deliver more nicotine with longer puff duration. Nicotine delivery to the smoker is expected to play an important role in the ability of any harm-reduction product to successfully substitute smoking. This study evaluated the content and nicotine delivery to the aerosol of a heat-not-burn tobacco product (IQOS) in comparison with e-cigarettes and a tobacco cigarette. The main findings were that the heat-not-burn tobacco sticks contained similar nicotine concentration to tobacco cigarettes, and that the levels of nicotine delivered to the aerosol of the heat-not-burn products were lower than tobacco cigarette, higher than e-cigarettes at low puff duration but lower than high-power e-cigarettes at longer puff duration.
The Synthesis of 2-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methyl phenyl)benzotriazole Derivatives and it's Stabilization Effect on the Ultraviolet Light Degradatio n of Polyether (1967)

2-(2'-オキシ-5'-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾールをクロルメチル化し,2-(2'-オキシ-3'-クロルメチル-5'-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾールを得,これにブチルメルカプタン異性体4種を反応させ,2-(2'-オキシ-3'-ブチルメルカプトメチル-5'-メチルフェニル) ベンゾトリアゾール異性体4 種を合成した。これをそれぞれ酸化し, 3'-ブチルスルホキシドメチルおよび3 ' - ブチルスルポンメチルの合計12種の紫外線吸収剤が得られた。この紫外線吸収剤をポリエーテルに添加し, その光劣化に対する安定化効果を検討した。またこれらの化合物を反応性紫外線吸収剤, およびポリマー型紫外線吸収剤とするため, 2-(2'- オキシ-3'-プロピル-β,γ-ジオールメルカプトメチル-5'-メチルフェニル) ベンゾトリアゾールを合成し, これをε-カプロラクトンの開始剤として重合を試みた。
Modeling adaptive therapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2019)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the 9 th most commonly diagnosed cancer. Nearly half of patients with early stage bladder cancer treated with the immune-stimulating agent BCG have disease recurrence, while 13% progress to invasive bladder cancer. Here we explored the potential of tumor mutational heterogeneity and the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to identify different subtypes of bladder cancer that may predict therapeutic response to BCG. Further, we used mathematical modeling of dosing strategies to infer tumor response to varying doses and time schedules f BCG administration. As a proof-of-concept, present adaptive therapy scheduling of BCG as a viable strategy to control tumor size and minimize recurrence.
O-artista-na-cova-dos-leões (2015)

Este artigo foi criado a partir do texto Daniel na Cova dos Leões que o artista plástico Daniel Lima produzia como reflexão de seu próprio processo de trabalho. Este metáfora interessou ao Grupo Contra Filé pelo fato de apresentar o "lugar do artista" como princípio e gênese determinantes em sua própria produção e representar, por isso, a condição do artista contemporâneo que atua na fronteira entre arte e política.
[NiFe]-Hydrogenases of <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> H16: Modular Enzymes for Oxygen-Tolerant Biological Hydrogen Oxidation (2005)

Recent research on hydrogenases has been notably motivated by a desire to utilize these remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysts in biotechnological applications. Progress in the development of such applications is substantially hindered by the oxygen sensitivity of the majority of hydrogenases. This problem tends to inspire the study of organisms such as Ralstonia eutropha H16 that produce oxygen-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenases. R. eutropha H16 serves as an excellent model system in that it produces three distinct [NiFe]-hydrogenases that each serve unique physiological roles: a membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH) coupled to the respiratory chain, a cytoplasmic, soluble hydrogenase (SH) able to generate reducing equivalents by reducing NAD+ at the expense of hydrogen, and a regulatory hydrogenase (RH) which acts in a signal transduction cascade to control hydrogenase gene transcription. This review will present recent results regarding the biosynthesis, regulation, structure, activity, and spectroscopy of these enzymes. This information will be discussed in light of the question how do organisms adapt the prototypical [NiFe]-hydrogenase system to function in the presence of oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Thermal, Hydrothermal, and Acid‐Base Treatments on Structural Stability and Surface and Catalytic Properties of AlPO5‐ 4. (1988)

Abstract Although AlPO 4 5‐ exhibits good thermal stability, calcination at temp. &gt; 973 K causes a small decrease in crystallinity and N 2 sorption capacity and a significant decrease in acidity and catalytic activity for cumene cracking and o‐xylene isomerization.
Drug bind to proteins - Why modeling? (2015)

We have been thinking along these past ten years about the real challenges for the use of models and the theoretical biology approach on living matter. It is quite clear for all, nowadays, that we can not only consider processing the huge library of data generated by an ever increasing volume of experiments, through traditional methods or analytical solutions. We must do more, since we now have new tools available. The difficulties we face when dealing with models related to living matter, with its unique characteristics, are well documented. Here we discuss those singularities and how to propose solutions to bypass their main questions.
Theoretical modelling of the storage energy envelope of high frequency AC reactive components to predict chaos boundary (2015)

The storage energy of high frequency reactive component for the switched mode power converter is a new factor to assess the performance. The instability of the switched‐mode converter under the peak current control mode is examined for its storage energy. Bifurcation and chaos of the storage energy in the inductor and capacitor are observed based on the stroboscopic map. The boundary of maximum storage energy is given to be an alternative to study the instability of the system in this study. Zero energy is obtained in stable period 1 and the storage energy with the same value and opposite direction is obtained in period 2. The simulation results of bifurcation and chaos of energy are obtained under different parameters and verified by experiment. The boundary of instability of energy stored in the reactive component under various parameters is formulated and a single equation can be used to indicate the factors. These results can provide a new guideline to design a stable system and provide a new control algorithm for power electronic system.
Thermosensitive Au‐PNIPA‐Nanopartikel mit “Dotter‐Schale”‐ Architektur: Katalysatoren mit einstellbarer Selektivität (2012)

Selektivität in Nanoreaktoren: Eine Dotter-Schale-Struktur mit einem metallischen Goldnanopartikel als Kern und einer thermosensitiven Mikrogelschale aus Poly(N-isopropylacrylamid) (PNIPA) wurde entwickelt. Die katalytische Selektivität der Au-PNIPA-Nanopartikel für die Reduktion des hydrophileren 4-Nitrophenols und des hydrophoberen Nitrobenzols mit NaBH4 kann über die temperaturbedingte Volumenänderung der PNIPA-Schale (siehe Bild) eingestellt werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
P87 Ultra–high Frequency Ultrasound Assessment in Vascular Ehlers Danlos Syndrome: a Validation and Reproducibility Study (2019)

Abstract Background In patients with Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS), an abnormally low carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) may increase the risk of arterial dissection and rupture. Thus its accurate assessment by ultra–high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS), thanks to its higher spatial resolution, may be clinically relevant. Aim To assess the feasibility and reproducibility of carotid parameters, assessed by UHFUS in vESD patients, and to evaluate the agreement with the gold standard technique, echotracking by radiofrequency. Methods 16 vEDS patients were recruited (6 women, 40 ± 11 years, BP 115 ± 6/62 ± 6 mmHg). Common carotid parameters were assessed by echotracking (Esaote, Artlab software) and UHFUS (VevoMD, Visualsonics; CVSuite software, Quipu srl), to evaluate agreement. The coefficient of variation between two consecutive clips was computed. The results were compared to those of 16 age-, sex- and BP-matched healthy individuals. Results In all 16 patients the acquisition and automated analysis of carotid clips was feasible. Correlation between echotracking and UHFUS was satisfactory (diameter r = 0.63, p = 0.001; CIMT r = 0.65, p = 0.006; distension r = 0.84, p &lt; 0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between the two techniques, with a non significant bias either for diameter [110 μm (−184; 404)] or CIMT [27 μm (−10; 75)]. Intra-operator coefficient of variation was 3.26% (diameter), 7.11% (CIMT) and 5.65% (distension). vEDS patients had reduced CIMT (419 ± 85 vs 522 ± 97 μm, p = 0.004) and distension (453 ± 150 vs 613 ± 176 μm, p = 0.01) than controls and tended to have a reduced diameter (6558 ± 525 vs 6945 ± 653 μm, p = 0.08), while carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was similar (7.38 ± 1.08 vs 7.46 ± 1.396 m/s, p = 0.78). Conclusion UHFUS is feasible, accurate and reproducible for the evaluation of carotid parameters in vEDS.
Paying Human Subjects in Research: Where are We, How Did We Get Here, and Now What? (2011)

Both international and federal regulations exist to ensure that scientists perform research on human subjects in an environment free of coercion and in which the benefits of the research are commensurate with the risks involved. Ensuring that these conditions hold is difficult, and perhaps even more so when protocols include the issue of monetary compensation of research subjects. The morality of paying human research subjects has been hotly debated for over 40 years, and the grounds for this debate have ranged from discussion of legal rights, economic rights, philosophical principles of vulnerability and altruism to bioethical concepts of consent, best-interest determination, and justice theory. However, the thought surrounding these issues has evolved over time, and the way we think about the role of the human research subject today is markedly different than the way we thought in the past. Society first thought of the research subject as an altruist, necessarily giving of his time to benefit society as a whole. As time progressed, many suggested that the subject should not need to sacrifice himself for research: if something goes wrong, someone should compensate the subject for injuries. The concept of redress evolved into a system in which subjects were offered money as an inducement to participate in research, sometimes merely to offset the monetary costs of participation, but sometimes even to mitigate the risks of the study. This article examines ethical and legal conversations regarding compensation from the 1960s through today, examining theories of the ethics of compensation both comparatively and critically. In conclusion, we put forward an ethical framework for treating paid research subjects, with an attempt to use this framework as a means of resolving some of the more difficult problems with paying human subjects in research.