gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive compensation of speech perception in hearing loss : How and to what degree can it be achieved? (2015)

In daily life, speech is often degraded due to environmental factors, but its perception can be enhanced using cognitive mechanisms. Such compensation not only relies on increased cognitive processing (listening effort), but also makes use of context, linguistic knowledge and constraints. In hearing impairment, the speech signal is additionally and intrinsically degraded due to loss of audibility and/or suprathreshold deficiencies. In cochlear implants, the signal transmitted is spectro-temporally degraded. Hence, it has not been clear if hearing-impaired individuals and hearing-device users can as successfully use the cognitive compensation mechanisms, due to the interactive effects of these degradations with aging and hearing device front-end processing. The speech intelligibility tests are not capable of characterizing the cognitive compensation mechanisms. In our research, reviewed here, we have employed new approaches (phonemic restoration, dual-task paradigm, eye tracking, verbal response times) to answer this research question. Our results have shown that there is a fine balance between the speech degradations and their top-down compensation. This can be broken in advanced degrees of hearing impairment or due to inadequate device settings. With degraded speech, sentential context can still be used. Yet, this may come at the cost of delayed processing, likely drawing on more cognitive resources then timely integration of semantic information by normal-hearing listeners. Aging does not always have to have a negative effect; long-term linguistic and lexical knowledge may be successfully employed to achieve compensation. These findings indicate that new measures of cognitive processes need to be developed and used in clinics and device development, to comprehensively capture speech comprehension abilities and to improve diagnostic and rehabilitation procedures and tools.
Optimal Colored Coded Apertures for Compressive Spectral Imaging Systems (2017)

The structure of coded apertures determines the quality of the estimated images in compressive spectral imaging (CSI). CSI systems have used random black-unblock or random colored coded apertures. This paper proposes an optimization method for the design of colored coded apertures which exploits spatio-spectral correlations within spectral images.
Identification of Essential Genetic Baculoviral Elements for Recombinant Protein Expression by Transactivation in Sf21 Insect Cells (2016)

The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) is widely used to produce high amounts of recombinant proteins. Nevertheless, generating recombinant baculovirus in high quality is rather time-consuming and labor-intensive. Alternatively, virus-free expression in insect cells did not achieve similar expression levels for most proteins so far. The transactivation method is a promising approach for protein expression in Sf21 cells. It combines advantages of BEVS and plasmid-based expression by activating strong virus-dependent promoters on a transfected plasmid by baculoviral coinfection. Here, we identified expression elements required for transactivation. Therefore, we designed several vectors comprising different viral promoters or promoter combinations and tested them for eGFP expression using the automated BioLector microcultivation system. Remarkably, only the combination of the very late promoter p10 together with the homologous region 5 (hr5) could boost expression during transactivation. Other elements, like p10 alone or the late viral promoter polH, did not respond to transactivation. A new combination of hr5 and p10 with the strongest immediate early OpMNPV viral promoter OpIE2 improved the yield of eGFP by ~25% in comparison to the previous applied hr5-IE1-p10 expression cassette. Furthermore, we observed a strong influence of the transcription termination sequence and vector backbone on the level of expression. Finally, the expression levels for transactivation, BEVS and solely plasmid-based expression were compared for the marker protein eGFP, underlining the potential of transactivation for fast recombinant protein expression in Sf21 cells. In conclusion, essential elements for transactivation could be identified. The optimal elements were applied to generate an improved vector applicable in virus-free plasmid-based expression, transactivation and BEVS.
Teratogenicity and developmental toxicity of valproic acid in rats (1987)

The teratogenicity and developmental toxicity of valproic acid (VPA) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley CD rats at doses of 0, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mg/kg administered by gavage on days 7-18 of gestation. The VPA-600 dose was maternally toxic, causing death in two of four dams. This dose produced 100% embryonic resorption. The VPA-400 dose was maternally toxic in as much as maternal weight gain was reduced, but no deaths occurred. At this dose five of fifteen litters were completely resorbed, and 52% of all embryos were resorbed. Among survivors, 49% were malformed (68% having skeletal defects and 41% visceral defects). Fetal weight was reduced by 43% in this group. Most of the defects were ectrodactyly, hydronephrosis, cardiovascular defects, hypoplastic bladder, rib and vertebral defects, and other defects of the limbs and tail. The VPA-300 dose (nine litters) produced fewer defects, larger fetuses, and no increase in resorptions. The defects at this dose were primarily cariovascular, rib, and vertebral. The VPA-200 dose (12 litters) produced no reduction in fetal weight, no increase in resorptions, and few defects. The defects noted were hydronephrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and rib defects, primarily wavy ribs. Additional litters were prepared using doses of 150 and 200 mg/kg and were allowed to deliver and grow until 70 days. These doses produced no reduction in maternal weight gain, no reduction in litter size, birth weight, or sex ratio of the offspring. These doses produced no reduction in offspring weight to day 70, no increase in mortality, and only rare cases (two offspring of each dose) of tail defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characteristics of CdS laser screen radiation at 300 °K (1981)

An experimental investigation was made of the dependences of the lasing threshold, power, and spectrum on the thickness of a crystal, reflection coefficients of the resonator mirrors, and rate of scanning with an electron beam. The reasons for catastrophic degradation of laser screens at 300 °K were analyzed. Estimates were obtained of the maximum power and optimum diameter of the electron beam for a CdS laser screen operating as a television raster at 300 °K.
Photoacclimation processes in phytoplankton: mechanisms, consequences, and applications (2009)

In nature and in the laboratory, phytoplankton cells are exposed to fast and extreme fluctuations in light intensity. These include diel and seasonal changes in irradiance, and changes stemming from vertical mixing over the light field. In algal mass cultures and photobioreactors, similar changes take place as cultures grow denser and as cells are mixed rapidly in the system. To survive supraoptimal, free-radical-generating irradiance levels as well as prolonged exposure to dim light, phytoplankton species are capable of photoacclimation. Under low light, light-harvesting pigments such as phycobilins, chlorophylls, fucoxanthin and peridinin increase all the way to optically becoming black cells. The same pigments decrease under high light, resulting in cells being rather transparent. The opposite takes place with the photoprotective pigments -carotene and astaxanthin and the elements of the xanthophyll cycle, all of which increase whenever cells are exposed to high irradiance levels, concomitant with enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxydismutase, and peroxidase. These processes are complemented by up to 5-fold changes in RUBISCO per photosystem unit (PSU) levels, and parallel changes in light-saturated photosynthetic rates. Thus, light-harvesting and utilization efficiencies are maximized under low light, whereas photosynthetic carbon assimilation and throughput rates reach their peak values whenever light is sufficiently high. Maximal photosynthesis and growth rates have to be matched by correspondingly high respiration rates. Photoacclimation can be used to optimize biomass and target product yields in biotechnological applications.
Interleukin-1B: A Clinically Relevant Urinary Marker (1994)

Urinary cytokines as markers for the intravesical inflammatory response have become an active area of research. Interleukin-1b, a well studied and early produced cytokine in the immune recognition cascade, was evaluated. After extensive analysis of 56 control and study group urine samples, a simplified and reliable protocol for the preparation of urine before cytokine analysis was devised. The application of an available serum interleukin-1b enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for urinary interleukin-1b analysis was then tested. Finally, a reference value for interleukin-1b in normal human urine was established and urinary interleukin-1b was measured in various bladder diseases. The normal and interstitial cystitis groups showed no interleukin-1b elevation. Significant elevation of urinary interleukin-1b was found in patients with bacterial cystitis compared to the interstitial cystitis and control groups (p < 0.001). Of the patients with bladder tumors 58% showed elevation of urinary interleukin-1b (p < 0.001). Urinary interleukin-1b may be used as a marker to distinguish between bacterial and interstitial cystitis. The absence of urinary interleukin-1b in interstitial cystitis argues against an immunological or autoimmune etiology of the disorder. This study represents an important methodological approach to cytokine subtyping of bladder diseases.
Carbon−Hydrogen Bond Activation in Hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate Platinum(IV) Complexes:  Comparison of Density Functionals, Basis Sets, and Bonding Patterns (2007)

The reaction mechanism for the cycle beginning with the reductive elimination (RE) of methane from κ(3)-TpPt(IV)(CH3)2H (1) (Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate) and subsequent oxidative addition (OA) of benzene to form finally κ(3)-TpPt(IV)(Ph)2H (19) was investigated by density functional theory (DFT). Two mechanistic steps are of particular interest, namely the barrier to C-H coupling (barrier 1 - Ba1) and the barrier to methane release (barrier 2 - Ba2). For 31 density functionals, the calculated values for Ba1 and Ba2 were benchmarked against the experimentally reported values of 26 (Ba1) and 35 (Ba2) kcal·mol(-1), respectively. Specifically, the values for Ba1 and Ba2, calculated at the B3LYP/double-ζ plus polarization level of theory, are 24.6 and 34.3 kcal·mol(-1), respectively. Overall, the best performing functional was BPW91 where the mae associated with the calculated values of the two barriers is 0.68 kcal·mol(-1). The calculated B3LYP values of Ba1 ranged between 20 and 26 kcal·mol(-1) for 12 effective core potential basis sets for platinum and 29 all-electron basis sets for the first row elements. Polarization functions for the first row elements were important for accurate values, but the addition of diffuse functions to non-hydrogen (+) and hydrogen atoms (++) had little effect on the calculated values. Basis set saturation was achieved with APNO basis sets utilized for first-row atoms. Bader's "Atoms in Molecules" was used to analyze the electron density of several complexes, and the electron density at the Pt-Nax bond critical point (trans to the active site for C-H coupling) varied over a wider range than any of the other Pt-N bonds.
Multimodal Holographic Microscopy: Distinction between Apoptosis and Oncosis (2015)

Identification of specific cell death is of a great value for many scientists. Predominant types of cell death can be detected by flow-cytometry (FCM). Nevertheless, the absence of cellular morphology analysis leads to the misclassification of cell death type due to underestimated oncosis. However, the definition of the oncosis is important because of its potential reversibility. Therefore, FCM analysis of cell death using annexin V/propidium iodide assay was compared with holographic microscopy coupled with fluorescence detection - "Multimodal holographic microscopy (MHM)". The aim was to highlight FCM limitations and to point out MHM advantages. It was shown that the annexin V+/PI- phenotype is not specific of early apoptotic cells, as previously believed, and that morphological criteria have to be necessarily combined with annexin V/PI for the cell death type to be ascertained precisely. MHM makes it possible to distinguish oncosis clearly from apoptosis and to stratify the progression of oncosis.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Intranodal Vaccination with Naked Antigen-Encoding RNA Elicits Potent Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antitumoral Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Intranodal Vaccination with Naked Antigen-Encoding RNA Elicits Potent Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antitumoral Immunity
Active Appearance Models with Rotation Invariant Kernels (2009)

2D Active Appearance Models (AAM) and 3D Morphable Models (3DMM) are widely used techniques. AAM provide a fast fitting process, but may represent unwanted 3D transformations unless strictly constrained not to do so. The reverse is true for 3DMM. The two approaches also require of a pre-alignment of their 2D or 3D shapes before the modeling can be carried out which may lead to errors. Furthermore, current models are insufficient to represent nonlinear shape and texture variations. In this paper, we derive a new approach that can model nonlinear changes in examples without the need of a pre-alignment step. In addition, we show how the proposed approach carries the above mentioned advantages of AAM and 3DMM. To achieve this goal, we take advantage of the inherent properties of complex spherical distributions, which provide invariance to translation, scale and rotation. To reduce the complexity of parameter estimation we take advantage of a recent result that shows how to estimate spherical distributions using their Euclidean counterpart, e.g., the Gaussians. This leads to the definition of Rotation Invariant Kernels (RIK) for modeling nonlinear shape changes. We show the superiority of our algorithm to AAM in several face datasets. We also show how the derived algorithm can be used to model complex 3D facial expression changes observed in American Sign Language (ASL).
Modeling of IGBT Resistive and Inductive Turn-On Behavior (2008)

Although insulated-gate bipolar-transistor (IGBT) turn-on losses can be comparable to turn-off losses, IGBT turn-on has not been as thoroughly studied in the literature. In the present work IGBT turn on under resistive and inductive load conditions is studied in detail through experiments, finite element simulations, and circuit simulations using physics-based semiconductor models. Under resistive load conditions, it is critical to accurately model the conductivity-modulation phenomenon. Under clamped inductive load conditions at turn-on there is strong interaction between the IGBT and the freewheeling diode undergoing reverse recovery. Physics-based IGBT and diode models are used that have been proved accurate in the simulation of IGBT turn-off.
Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus in medically refractory orthostatic tremor: Preliminary observations (2008)

Orthostatic tremor (OT) is a disabling movement disorder associated with postural and gait impairment in the elderly. Medical therapy often yields insufficient benefit. We report the clinical and electrophysiological data on two patients with medication-refractory OT treated with deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (Vim DBS). Patient 1 underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) and Patient 2 unilateral Vim DBS following 28 and 30 years of disease duration, respectively. Both patients showed increased latency to symptom onset after rising from a seated position, improved tolerance for prolonged standing, and slower crescendo of tremor severity when remaining upright. Postoperative evaluation demonstrated decreased amplitude of electromyographic activity with persistence of well-defined oscillatory behavior showing strong coherence at 15 Hz between all muscles tested in the upper and lower limbs. Postural sway was unchanged. Clinical benefits have been sustained for over 18 months in Patient 1, and receded after 3 months in Patient 2. These findings support the consideration of bilateral Vim DBS implantation as a therapeutic option in patients with medically refractory OT. Further efficacy studies on chronic stimulation to disrupt the abnormal oscillatory activity in this disorder are warranted.
Lack of progression of neurologic deficit in survivors of paralytic polio (1996)

We completed a prospective, population-based cohort study of polio survivors in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1986 and 1993. We identified 50 individuals who had had paralytic polio between 1935 and 1960, as representative of all 300 cases of paralytic polio in the county. We completed detailed quantitative clinical and electrophysiologic studies at entry and after 5 years. These studies demonstrated stable neuromuscular function within the cohort, although 60% of the individuals were symptomatic. In two-thirds of the symptomatic patients, the causes of their symptoms were unrelated to earlier polio. For the 20% of patients who had unexplained muscle pain, perception of weakness, and fatigue, a mechanical disorder most likely underlies their symptoms.
The Synthesis and Polymerization of Ethylenesulfonic Acid (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Polymerization of Ethylenesulfonic AcidDavid S. Breslow and George E. HulseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 24, 6399–6401Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01653a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and multifunctional performance of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic composites for laminated structural batteries (2020)

Abstract This research focuses on the simultaneous maintenance of mechanical and electrochemical properties of laminated structural batteries (LSBs), using co‐continuous structural electrolytes and carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. A comparison is made between the electrochemical performance of LSB encapsulated by glass fabric composites and those directly integrated into coin cells. The electrochemical properties of LSB with different lay‐up configurations are evaluated using charge/discharge cycling, and tensile/bending tests were carried out to evaluate their mechanical properties. The effect of lay‐up configurations on the multifunctional performance of LSB is also investigated. The results show that the self‐designed encapsulating method improves the load‐carrying capacity of batteries while sacrificing some electrochemical properties. The multifunctional performances of LSB having a CFRP composite anode with [0] 2 lay‐up is the best among the four structures with different lay‐up configurations. Although further research is required to improve the electrochemical properties of LSB, the proposal and verification of this new encapsulating method are a significant contribution in the development of LSB.
Power Control Systems in a Flywheel based All-Electric Driveline (2011)

Flywheel systems are attractive in hybrid and electric vehicles due to their ability to handle power during acceleration and braking. The combination of a flywheel device with a battery source has ...
Patency and blood flow in gas denucleated arterial prostheses (1993)

Biomaterials exposed to blood often fail due to thrombosis. Gas nuclei (air) in the material are thrombogenic and a potential cause of failure. The effects of gas nuclei on patency and blood flow were studied in 4 mm diameter arterial grafts (Gore ePTFE; Johnson and Johnson Vitagraft ePTFE; Bard ACG EXS) in the femoropopliteal position of dogs. Control and denucleated (air-free) grafts were implanted bilaterally. Grafts were denucleated by immersion in degassed saline and exposure to 4 torr vacuum and 3,000-20,000 psig pressure. Graft patency was determined at harvest in 46 dogs. Blood flow was measured with acoustic flow probes in eight dogs. Denucleated graft patency was 60% after 2 days of implant while control patency was 22% (P < .05). Measured blood flow was higher in denucleated grafts than in control grafts (P < .02) in 4 of 5 dogs which had significantly different flows. Patency and flow decreased to zero for both control and denucleated grafts over periods of up to 80 days. Air in the control grafts may have been absorbed within several days, leading to late similarity with the denucleated grafts. Thus, removing the air from 4 mm ePTFE grafts decreased acute thrombosis and increased the patency.
Recent advancements in transparent ceramics and crystal fibers for high power lasers (2013)

In this paper, we present our recent progress in the development of rare-earth (Yb<sup>3+</sup> or Ho<sup>3+</sup>) doped Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sesquioxides for high power solid state lasers. We have fabricated high quality transparent ceramics using nano-powders synthesized by a co-precipitation method. This was accomplished by developments in high purity powder synthesis and low temperature scalable sintering technology developed at NRL. The optical, spectral and morphological properties as well as the lasing performance from our highly transparent ceramics are presented. In the second part of the paper, we discuss our recent research effort in developing cladded-single crystal fibers for high power single frequency fiber lasers has the potential to significantly exceed the capabilities of existing silica fiber based lasers. Single crystal fiber cores with diameters as small as 35&mu;m have been drawn using high purity rare earth doped ceramic or single crystal feed rods by the Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) process. Our recent results on the development of suitable claddings on the crystal fiber core are discussed.
Topical treatment of erectile dysfunction with prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester (2009)

PGE₁-EE could be a promising drug formulation in local penile therapy of ED. In further studies higher doses should be investigated in order to potentially achieve a higher level of efficacy.
Supplementary Table 3 from Tumor Subtype-Specific Cancer–Testis Antigens as Potential Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutic Targets for Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 22K, Supplemental Table S3. Estimated overexpression frequencies of CT genes in human cancers.&lt;/p&gt;