gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 12‐epi‐Protopanaxadiol and Formal Synthesis of Ginsenoside Chikusetsusaponin‐LT8 (2019)

In the context of the total synthesis of protopanaxadiol, two strategies were explored. One strategy from an optically active trienic epoxide, possessing a 5‐membered ring, prepared from ( S )‐epoxy‐limonene and ( S )‐epoxyfarnesol, which was submitted to Ti‐(III)‐mediated radical cascade to afford an original tetracyclic structure resulting from a 6‐ endo ‐ trig 6‐ endo ‐ trig 8‐ endo ‐ trig process. A second strategy, starting from a Wieland‐Miescher‐type ketone, using a “ring‐by‐ring” synthesis allowed the synthesis of 12‐ epi ‐protopanaxadiol. In this latter strategy, an efficient sequence of reactions to install the two vicinal C8–C14 quaternary centers involves: i) a Barbier type reaction; ii) an oxidative allylic transposition and iii) a nickel‐catalyzed addition of trimethylaluminium. By using this second strategy, 20‐hydroxydammar‐24‐ene‐3,12‐dione was synthesized which represents a formal synthesis of chikusetsusaponin‐LT 8 , isolated from Panax japonicus .
Standardized Lab Shoes Do Not Decrease Loading Rate Variability in Recreational Runners (2020)

Studies of running mechanics often use a standardized lab shoe, ostensibly to reduce variance between subjects; however, this may induce unnatural running mechanics. The purpose of this study was to compare the step rate, vertical average loading rate, and ground contact time when running in standardized lab shoes versus participants' normal running shoes. Ground reaction forces were measured while the participants ran overground in both shoe conditions at a self-selected speed. The Student's t-test revealed that the vertical average loading rate magnitude was smaller in lab shoes versus normal shoes (42.09 [11.08] vs 47.35 [10.81] body weight/s, P = .013), while the step rate (170.92 [9.43] vs 168.98 [9.63] steps/min, P = .053) and ground contact time were similar (253 [25] vs 251 [20] ms, P = .5227) and the variance of all outcomes was similar in lab shoes versus normal shoes. Our results indicate that using standardized lab shoes during testing may underestimate the loads runners actually experience during their typical mileage.
Gab Docking Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Inflammation (2013)

The docking proteins of the Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family have emerged as crucial signaling compartments in metazoans. In mammals, the Gab proteins, consisting of Gab1, Gab2, and Gab3, are involved in the amplification and integration of signal transduction evoked by a variety of extracellular stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, antigens, and other molecules. Gab proteins lack the enzymatic activity themselves; however, when phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, they provide binding sites for multiple Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing proteins, such as SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85, phospholipase C γ , Crk, and GC-GAP. Through these interactions, the Gab proteins transduce signals from activated receptors into pathways with distinct biological functions, thereby contributing to signal diversification. They are known to play crucial roles in numerous physiological processes through their associations with SHP2 and p85. In addition, abnormal Gab protein signaling has been linked to human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disorders. In this paper, we provide an overview of the structure, effector functions, and regulation of the Gab docking proteins, with a special focus on their associations with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammation.
Exploiting diversity in multimode fiber communications links via multisegment detectors and equalization (2003)

we propose diversity combination via optical multisegment detectors and electrical equalization techniques to mitigate the effects of intermodal dispersion in multimode fiber (MMF). With no equalization in MMF links, intermodal dispersion produces intersymbol interference (ISI) in the received optical signal that severely limits the achievable data transmission rates and fiber link lengths. Our quasi-simulated performance results (obtained with measured impulse responses) demonstrate that multisegment detection and equalization provide a low-cost and efficient solution to combat ISI and hence, to enhance the performance of MMF communications links.
Pre‐basic molt, feather quality, and modulation of the adrenocortical response to stress in two populations of rufous‐collared sparrows Zonotrichia capensis (2018)

Molt is an energetically expensive process in which birds may allocate 25% or more of their body protein mass to the production of new feathers. Stressful events can interfere with feather growth via the adrenal hormone corticosterone, which is released in response to environmental stress. Corticosterone release, in turn, regulates gluconeogenesis which could directly inhibit protein synthesis and deposition during molt when feathers are growing, which potentially could reduce feather quality dramatically. Thus, many species suppress the adrenocortical stress response, and therefore maintain lower corticosterone levels during molt. In this study we assessed the relationship between plasma corticosterone levels and feather quality in rufous‐collared sparrow inhabiting the valleys of the Atacama Desert – one of the most stable and aseasonal environments in the world, and in the semiarid and seasonal Fray Jorge National Park in the north of Chile. We tested two hypotheses; 1) feather quality is positively related to the amount of corticosterone suppression during molt, relative to corticosterone levels during other life history stages; and, 2) feather quality is negatively related to the absolute levels of corticosterone. We found negative associations between corticosterone levels and feather quality. However, these effects were stronger in the Atacama Desert where birds showed minimal corticosterone suppression and overall low feather quality. Although we found better feather quality in Fray Jorge, corticosterone suppression in these birds was relatively low in comparison with other species inhabiting higher latitudes. It is possible that birds in a highly variable environment face a stronger trade‐off between feather quality and the stress‐response. Our results suggest that the strength of the trade‐off between feather quality and corticosterone levels could be dependent on energetic demands, seasonality, and unpredictable events.
Insulin Receptor: Evidence That It Is a Protein Kinase (1983)

Highly purified preparations of insulin receptor catalyzed the phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton subunit of the insulin receptor. This subunit of the insulin receptor was also labeled with [alpha-32P]8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate, a photoaffinity label for adenosine triphosphate binding sites. The identity of the 95,000-dalton band was confirmed in both cases by precipitation with a monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor. These results suggest that the insulin receptor is itself a protein kinase.
Protein engineering of insulin: Two novel fast-acting insulins [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin (2003)

Blood glucose lowering assay proved that [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin exhibit potency of acute blood glucose lowering in normal pigs, which demonstrates that they are fast-acting insulin. Single-chain precursor of [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin is [B16Ala]PIP and [B26Ala]PIP, respectively, which are suitable for gene expression. Secretory expression level of the precursors in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris was quite high, 650 mg/L and 130 mg/L, respectively. In vivo biological assay showed that the two fast-acting insulins have full or nearly full biological activity. So both [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin can be well developed as fast-acting insulin for clinic use.
Information Dissemination via Network Coding (2006)

We study distributed algorithms, also known as gossip algorithms, for information dissemination in an arbitrary connected network of nodes. Distributed algorithms have applications to peer-to-peer, sensor, and ad hoc networks, in which nodes operate under limited computational, communication, and energy resources. These constraints naturally give rise to "gossip" algorithms: schemes in which nodes repeatedly communicate with randomly chosen neighbors, thus distributing the computational burden across all the nodes in the network and making the computation robust against node failures. Information dissemination based on network coding was introduced by Deb and Medard. They showed the virtue of coding by analyzing a coding algorithm for a complete graph. Although their scheme generalizes to arbitrary graphs, the analysis does not. We present analysis of this algorithm for arbitrary graphs. Specifically, we find that the information dissemination time is naturally related to the spectral properties of the underlying network graph. Our results provide insight into how the graph topology affects the performance of the coding-based information dissemination algorithm
Nature of the Cycloheptatrienyl-Transition Metal Bond. A Study of Electron Distribution in the Mixed-Ring Sandwich Molecules [Ti(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H5)], [Nb(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H5)], [Ta(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H4Me)], and [Mo(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H5)] by Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Variable Photon Energy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of the Cycloheptatrienyl-Transition Metal Bond. A Study of Electron Distribution in the Mixed-Ring Sandwich Molecules [Ti(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H5)], [Nb(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H5)], [Ta(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H4Me)], and [Mo(.eta.-C7H7)(.eta.-C5H5)] by Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Variable Photon EnergyJennifer C. Green, Nikolas Kaltsoyannis, Kong Hung Sze, and Michael MacDonaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 1994–2004Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Vertically Integrated Coaxial Resonator-Based Multiband Bandpass Filters Using SLA 3-D Printing (2023)

This letter reports on a novel multiband RF filtering concept and a compact low-loss integration scheme for coaxial resonator-based multiband bandpass filters (BPFs). Size compactness is achieved by: 1) vertically stacking its constituent resonators, so that the available 3-D volume is optimally occupied; 2) the use of subwavelength capacitively loaded coaxial resonators; and 3) monolithic integration enabled by stereolithography apparatus (SLA) additive manufacturing (AM). A unique coupling routing diagram (CRD) is proposed and implemented with capacitively loaded coaxial resonators that allow to independently control the passband and stopband frequencies and facilitate both symmetric and asymmetric responses. A dual-band and triple-band BPFs operating at sub-6 GHz were designed, manufactured, and tested demonstrating highly miniaturized form factors and passbands with in-band insertion loss (IL) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&lt;$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 0.2–0.3 dB, i.e., <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{\mathrm{eff}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> : 640–1030.
6G: The Personal Tactile Internet—And Open Questions for Information Theory (2021)

The initial vision of cellular communications was to deliver ubiquitous voice communications to anyone anywhere. In a simplified view, 1G delivered voice services for business customers, and only 2G for consumers. Next, this also initiated the appetite for cellular data, for which 3G was designed. However, Blackberry delivered business smartphones, and 4G made smartphones a consumer device. The promise of 5G is to start the Tactile Internet, to control real and virtual objects in real-time via cellular. However, the hype around 5G is, again, focusing on business customers, in particular in the context of campus networks. Consequently, 6G must provide an infrastructure to enable remote-controlled mobile robotic solutions for everyone—the Personal Tactile Internet. Which role can information and communication theory play in this context, and what are the big challenges ahead?
IMPULSO A LA MOVILIDAD ESTUDIANTIL MÉXICO-EU (2014)

EL IMPULSO A LOS PROGRAMAS DE MOVILIDAD ESTUDIANTIL, INVESTIGACION E INNOVACION ENTRE MEXICO Y ESTADOS UNIDOS CONSTITUYE LA OPORTUNIDAD DE CONSOLIDAR UNA RELACION EQUITATIVA, RESPETUOSA Y CON BENEFICIOS PARA AMBOS PAISES.
Amine Directed Pd(II)-Catalyzed C–H Activation-Intramolecular Amination of N-Het(aryl)/Acyl Enaminonitriles and Enaminones: An Approach towards Multisubstituted Indoles and Heterofused Pyrroles (2016)

An efficient route to multisubstituted indoles has been developed through intramolecular oxidative C-H activation-amination of readily available 2-(het)aryl-3-(het)aryl/alkyl-3-(het)aryl/acylaminoacrylonitrile/enaminone precursors in the presence of either palladium acetate/cupric acetate catalytic system under oxygen atmosphere or palladium acetate/silver carbonate in the presence of pivalic acid as additive. The method is compatible with a diverse range of substituents on the aryl ring as well as at the 2- and 3-positions of the indole ring. The versatility of this method was further demonstrated by elaborating it for the synthesis of heterofused pyrroles such as thieno[2,3-b]pyrroles, thieno[3,2-b]pyrroles, pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles, and pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines in good yields. Probable mechanisms for the formation of these indoles have been suggested.
Quantitative RT-PCR (2003)

Although reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an extremely sensitive method of mRNA analysis, obtaining quantitative information with this technique can be difficult. This is caused primarily by the fact that there are two sequential enzymatic steps involved: the synthesis of DNA from the RNA template and PCR. In practice, the exponential nature of PCR and the practical aspects of performing PCR pose the most serious obstacles to obtaining quantitative information. With some adaptations, however, RT-PCR can yield accurate quantitative results.
Effects of continuous UV-irradiation on the antioxidant activities of quercetin and rutin in solution in the presence of lecithin as the protective target (2011)

The stabilities and antioxidant action of two selected flavonoids, quercetin and rutin, dissolved in methanol and water, toward continuous UV-irradiation from three different sub-ranges (UV-A, UV-B and UV-C) were studied. The flavonoids underwent degradation (bleaching) following first-order kinetics. The bleaching rates were highly dependent on the energy input of the involved UV-photons. The antioxidant activities of the two flavonoids on UV-induced lecithin lipid peroxidation were studied by the TBA-MDA test, and appeared to be also affected by the continuous UV irradiation. The energy input of the incident UV-photons again played a major governing role, but an impact of the flavonoids structures cannot be neglected.
A comparison of some algebraic structures for CELP coding of speech (2005)

The paper discusses how binary error-correcting codes can be used to provide (+1/-1)-waveform codebooks that speed up search in CELP vocoders. Four coding techniques operating at half bit per sample with respectively 8, 16, 24 and 32 samples are compared in terms of complexity and SNR performance, Recent results on spherical codes from regular point lattices are also reported.
Comparison of perpendicular and longitudinal magnetic recording using a contact write/read tester (2001)

We have performed longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording measurements using a contact write/read tester, which scans a magnetic recording head in contact with the recording media. Our tester has a demonstrated positioning resolution of <5 nm. Perpendicular transitions in the range 125-425 kfci were recorded on double-layer perpendicular media with a high moment soft underlayer. The perpendicular bits were imaged using both a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) read head on the contact tester and using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Longitudinal bit transitions with linear densities in the range 25 to 725 kfci were recorded, and the signal-to-noise ratios of both the perpendicular and longitudinal systems were measured.
Ranking de Empresas de Sucre Identificación De Rubros De Expansión Económica Empresarial En Sucre (2014)

This study has for objective to present reliable information on the managerial economic acting of the biggest companies in Sucre that you/they contribute to the identification of poles of local development. Indicators statistical officials point out that the contribution to the national GDP hardly reaches to 6% and that the departmental GDP is in the order of 4.44% (FEP-CH, 2008) being the agriculture the sector of more participation in the departmental GDP (PIB = Gross Internal Product = Internal Product Brute).
For the year 2006 the Group New Economy published the ranking of the companies more than Bolivia, only taking into account to four companies of Sucre: National factory of Cement S.A. FANCESA, Electric Company Sucre CORP., Cotes and EMDIGAS S.A.M., excluding, of this analysis, items identified in the study of competitiveness of the region like they are: the tourism, hats and chocolates mainly. (Sauma, 1998:32-60). In this sense the question that governs the investigation is: Which are the local economic items with possibilities of expanding Jan l I release term according to their acting economic managerial?The managerial economic acting has been measured through the calculation of indicators that you/they have allowed to identify managerial economic sectors with development possibilities; the basic services and EMDIGAS that cannot expand for their characteristics excluding to more markets that the intern, also excluding to the first industry of the Department FANCESA to be the consolidated bigger and better company, the competitive items that are can form a matriz of productive vocation of the Municipality of Sucre based on the competitive items: Construction, Tourism, Hats, Chocolates, Peppers and spices, optic Trade and Distributes.
PSITTACOSIS-INFECTED CELL SYSTEM FOR STUDIES ON RADIATION DAMAGE (1963)

Sharon, Nehama (University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind.), Morris Pollard, and W. R. Klemm. Psittacosis-infected cell system for studies on radiation damage. J. Bacteriol. 86:1139-1144. 1963.-The unique replication pattern of the agent of psittacosis in cells provides a means for studying biological effects of radiation and the influence of radioprotective drugs on this cell virus system. Intracellular psittacosis virus (strain TT) showed a distinctive sensitivity to X irradiation at 3 to 9 hr after onset of infection. This sensitivity to X rays disappeared later in the replication cycle when the virus-orientated ribonucleic acid matrix appeared in the infected cell. The effect of X rays was on the early stages of the virus, since evidence of subsequent developmental stages could not be observed. During the sensitive stage, the amount of surviving virus was related to the dose of X rays. Irradiation caused an irreversible reaction on sensitive virus. The progeny of surviving virus were unaltered in susceptibility to X rays. Addition of glutathione to infected cultures before irradiation increased the amount of surviving virus. Cysteine.HCl and heat-inactivated calf serum were only protective to the virus. Cysteamine was toxic to the cells, and low concentrations gave no protection. Other compounds tested failed to protect the viral agent against the effect of X rays.
Identification of Residues in Yeast Spo11p Critical for Meiotic DNA Double-Strand Break Formation (2002)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spo11 protein (Spo11p) is thought to generate the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate homologous recombination during meiosis. Spo11p is related to a subunit of archaebacterial topoisomerase VI and appears to cleave DNA through a topoisomerase-like transesterase mechanism. In this work, we used the crystal structure of a fragment of topoisomerase VI to model the Spo11p structure and to identify amino acid residues in yeast Spo11p potentially involved in DSB catalysis and/or DNA binding. These residues were mutated to determine which are critical for Spo11p function in vivo. Mutation of Glu-233 or Asp-288, which lie in a conserved structural motif called the Toprim domain, abolished meiotic recombination. These Toprim domain residues have been implicated in binding a metal ion cofactor in topoisomerases and bacterial primases, supporting the idea that DNA cleavage by Spo11p is Mg(2+) dependent. Mutations at an invariant arginine (Arg-131) within a second conserved structural motif known as the 5Y-CAP domain, as well as three other mutations (E235A, F260R, and D290A), caused marked changes in the DSB pattern at a recombination hotspot, suggesting that Spo11p contributes directly to the choice of DNA cleavage site. Finally, certain DSB-defective mutant alleles generated in this study conferred a semidominant negative phenotype but only when Spo11p activity was partially compromised by the presence of an epitope tag. These results are consistent with a multimeric structure for Spo11p in vivo but may also indicate that the amount of Spo11 protein is not a limiting factor for DSB formation in normal cells.
Transformation of the Glycosides from Food Materials by Probiotics and Food Microorganisms (2006)

Glycosides are important functional materials in foods. Transformation, especially hydrolysis, of the sugar moieties tends to improve the functional properties of the administered glycosides in vivo. Various probiotic bacteria and edible food-grade fungi such as bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, leuconostocs, yeasts, and aspergilli are potential industrial microorganisms to transform glycosides of ginsenosides from ginseng, platycodin saponins from Platycodon grandiform. Trignoella foenum-graecum (TFG) saponins, and isoflavones from soybeans and Puerariae radix, respectively, by Fermentation or enzymatic reaction. In this review, various transformation pathways bearing potential significance with respect to the changes in structure and function of the various glycosides from the food materials will be introduced. In conclusion, the proper combination of food microorganisms and transformation conditions will improve the functionality and the sensory value and reduce the cytotoxicity of the functional glycosides present in various functional food raw materials.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐THALPHENINE, THALIGLUCINE AND THALIGLUCINONE (1974)

Abstract Das Säurechlorid (Ic) der Säure (Ib) [aus (Ia) mit methanolischer NaOH] wird mit dem Amin (II) zum Amid (III) kondensiert, das zum Dihydroisochinolin (IVa) cyclisiert wird.