gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioprocess Iterative Batch-to-Batch Optimization Based on Hybrid Parametric/Nonparametric Models (2006)

This paper presents a novel method for iterative batch-to-batch dynamic optimization of bioprocesses. The relationship between process performance and control inputs is established by means of hybrid grey-box models combining parametric and nonparametric structures. The bioreactor dynamics are defined by material balance equations, whereas the cell population subsystem is represented by an adjustable mixture of nonparametric and parametric models. Thus optimizations are possible without detailed mechanistic knowledge concerning the biological system. A clustering technique is used to supervise the reliability of the nonparametric subsystem during the optimization. Whenever the nonparametric outputs are unreliable, the objective function is penalized. The technique was evaluated with three simulation case studies. The overall results suggest that the convergence to the optimal process performance may be achieved after a small number of batches. The model unreliability risk constraint along with sampling scheduling are crucial to minimize the experimental effort required to attain a given process performance. In general terms, it may be concluded that the proposed method broadens the application of the hybrid parametric/nonparametric modeling technique to "newer" processes with higher potential for optimization.
Dynamic Modelling and Response Characteristics of a Magnetic Bearing Rotor System With Auxiliary Bearings (1995)

Abstract Auxiliary bearings are a critical feature of any magnetic bearing system. They protect the soft iron core of the magnetic bearing during an overload or failure. An auxiliary bearing typically consists of a rolling element bearing or bushing with a clearance gap between the rotor and the inner race of the support. The dynamics of such systems can be quite complex. It is desired to develop a rotordynamic model which describes the dynamic behavior of a flexible rotor system with magnetic bearings including auxiliary bearings. The model is based upon an experimental test facility. Some simulation studies are presented to illustrate the behavior of the model. In particular, the effects of introducing sideloading from the magnetic bearing when one coil fails is studied. These results are presented and discussed.
E$cient biorthogonal cosine-modulated "lter banks (2001)

Biorthogonal modulated lter banks, when compared to paraunitary ones, provide the advantage that the overall system delay can be chosen independently of the lter length, thus allowing to design low delay lter banks. They have recently been studied by several authors. In this paper, we connect two di!erent design methods, namely the quadratic constrained least-squares optimization and the principle of cascading sparse self-inverse matrices. Moreover, we show how factorizations into zero-delay and maximum-delay matrices can be utilized in order to achieve desirable features such as structure-inherent perfect reconstruction, no DC leakage of the lter bank, and a low implementation cost. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Refractive index measurement of single living cells using on-chip Fabry-Pérot cavity (2006)

This letter reports the measurement of single living cells’ refractive index (RI) using an on-chip fiber-based Fabry-Pérot cavity by a differential method. In experiment a single cell is captured into the cavity, then the spectral shift in response to the buffer change and the cell presence/absence can be used to determine the cell’s RI and size. Experiment on kidney cancer cells measures an effective RI of 1.399 at 0.1% accuracy. Compared with other approaches, the differential method eliminates uncertain factors and thus ensures high accuracy. The microchip facilitates automatic detection and makes it promising for label-free drug screening.
Auto-Pipe and the X Language: A Toolset and Language for the Simulation, Analysis, and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Pipelined Architectures, Master's Thesis, August 2006 (2006)

Pipelining an algorithmis a popularmethod of increasing the performance of many computation-intensive applications. Often, one wants to form pipelines composed mostly of commonly used simple building blocks such as DSP components, simple math operations, encryption, or pattern matching stages. Additionally, one may desire to map these processing tasks to different computational resources based on their relative performance attributes (e.g., DSP operations on an FPGA). Auto-Pipe is composed of the X Language, a flexible interface language that aids the description of complex dataflow topologies (including pipelines); X-Com, a compiler for the X Language; X-Sim, a tool for modeling pipelined architectures based on measured, simulated, or derived task and communications behavior; X-Opt, a tool to optimize X applications under various metrics; and X-Dep, a tool for the automatic deployment of X-Com- or X-Sim-generated applications to real or simulated devices. This thesis presents an overview of the Auto-Pipe system, the design and use of the X Language, and an implementation of X-Com. Applications developed using the X Language are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of describing algorithms using X, and the effectiveness of the Auto-Pipe development flow in analyzing and improving the performance of an application.
Realization and characterization of diamond micro-transducers for bio-chemical sensing (2009)

We report on novel MEMS micro-transducers made of diamond and used for bio-sensing applications. To overcome the non straightforward micro-machining of diamond, we developed an original process involving the patterned growth of diamond using the CVD (chemical vapour deposition) technique, inside micro-machined silicon moulds. Typical MEMS structures were successfully fabricated and include cantilevers and bridges. They were actuated using Laplace forces. The structures were characterized by measuring their first mode resonance (frequency and Q-factor) using laser interferometry. The measured data fitted the simulated data and comparison with equivalent silicon structures showed the superior resonant properties of diamond cantilevers. It implies that the later are potentially more sensitive transducers than their silicon counterpart.
Self-Cleaning Synthetic Adhesive Surfaces Mimicking Tokay Geckos. (2006)

A gecko's extraordinary ability to suspend itself from walls and ceilings of varied surface roughness has interested humans for hundreds of years. Many theories and possible explanations describing this phenomenon have been proposed including sticky secretions, microsuckers, and electrostatic forces; however, today it is widely accepted that van der Waals forces play the most important role in this type of dry adhesion. Inarguably, the vital feature that allows a gecko's suspension is the presence of billions 3 of tiny hairs on the pad of its foot called spatula. These features are small enough to reach within van der Waals distances of any surface (spatula radius %7E100 nm); thus, the combined effect of billions of van der Waals interactions is more than sufficient to hold a gecko's weight to surfaces such as smooth ceilings or wet glass. Two lithographic approaches were used to make hierarchal structures with dimensions similar to the gecko foot dimensions noted above. One approach combined photo-lithography with soft lithography (micro-molding). In this fabrication scheme the fiber feature size, defined by the alumina micromold was 0.2 um in diameter and 60 um in height. The second approach followed more conventional photolithography-based patterning. Patterned features with dimensions %7E0.3 mm in diameter by 0.5 mm tall were produced. We used interfacial force microscopy employing a parabolic diamond tip with a diameter of 200 nm to measure the surface adhesion of these structures. The measured adhesive forces ranged from 0.3 uN - 0.6 uN, yielding an average bonding stress between 50 N/cm2 to 100 N/cm2. By comparison the reported literature value for the average stress of a Tokay gecko foot is 10 N/cm2. Acknowledgements This work was funded by Sandia National Laboratory's Laboratory Directed Research & Development program (LDRD). All coating processes were conducted in the cleanroom facility located at the University of New Mexico's Center for High Technology Materials (CHTM). SEM images were performed at UNM's Center for Micro-Engineering on equipment funded by a NSF New Mexico EPSCoR grant. 4
Palm Oil Vitamin E Effects in Hypercholesterolemia (1992)

It has been shown that there is a relationship between atherogenesis and coronary artery disease (CAD), elevated concentration of serum cholesterol, dietary fats, and cholesterol. The reduction of serum cholesterol concentration can be achieved by administering cholesterol lowering substances and by controlling dietary fat intake. Earlier we have demonstrated that Palmvitee capsules lower the serum cholesterol in human subjects. More recently we studied the effect of Palmvitee capsules and fiber preparation on the lipid profile of healthy Finnish male adolescents eating normal diets.
AlGaN/GaN HEMT on (111) single crystalline diamond (2010)

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have been fabricated directly on (111) oriented single crystal diamond with 1.3 × 1013 cm−2 channel sheet charge density and 731 cm2/Vs mobility. 0.2 µm gate length devices showed 0.73 A/mm maximum drain current density and fT and fmax cutoff frequencies of 21 and 42 GHz.
The Uremic Toxicity of Indoxyl Sulfate and p-Cresyl Sulfate (2014)

A growing number of publications supports a biologic effect of the protein-bound uremic retention solutes indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate. However, the use of unrealistically high free concentrations of these compounds and/or inappropriately low albumin concentrations may blur the interpretation of these results. Here, we performed a systematic review, selecting only studies in which, depending on the albumin concentration, real or extrapolated free concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate remained in the uremic range. The 27 studies retrieved comprised in vitro and animal studies. A quality score was developed, giving 1 point for each of the following criteria: six or more experiments, confirmation by more than one experimental approach, neutralization of the biologic effect by counteractive reagents or antibodies, use of a real-life model, and use of dose-response analyses in vitro and/or animal studies. The overall average score was 3 of 5 points, with five studies scoring 5 of 5 points and six studies scoring 4 of 5 points, highlighting the superior quality of a substantial number of the retrieved studies. In the 11 highest scoring studies, most functional deteriorations were related to uremic cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. We conclude that our systematic approach allowed the retrieval of methodologically correct studies unbiased by erroneous conditions related to albumin binding. Our data seem to confirm the toxicity of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate and support their roles in vascular and renal disease progression.
ABC of Sports Medicine: Assessment of physical performance (1994)

Physical performance is mainly a function of an individuals's size, shape, sex, and age, but not entirely so.Success in sport at whatever level also depends on fitness.It is assumed, of course, that implicit in any definition of fitness is the absence of acute or chronic illness.Fitness is sport specific and in many sports it is also position specific.This "fitness for purpose" is a well accepted concept in sport, as I~tW w2F* 1 g iS W |11 Wreflected by the use of the word "fit" to describe, for example, successful runners, swimmers, gymnasts, and paraplegic athletes.Nevertheless, fitness for any sport has five common elements- |ihI; strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, and skill.The relative contributions of each of these to the specific fitness demands of different sports are, of course, not equal.Training time devoted to each of these elements is therefore different between sports and depends on ,'. .x . .g . . the level of participation.To a certain extent skill can compensate for poor fitness, but improved fitness allows skilful athletes to extend their -~~performance by delaying the onset of fatigue.
An E/H Control Design for Poppet Valves in Hydraulic Systems (2002)

In this paper, an E/H control design is proposed for flow control in hydraulic systems using poppet valves. With the pressures at the valve input and output ports being known, the proposed poppet valve flow control is formulated as tracking the desired poppet displacement xd(t) under the system disturbances. No pilot pressure is required. Using the control pressure at its equilibrium points, the proposed control law largely simplifies the real world implementation with bounded tracking error. Preliminary studies show that the proposed controller is capable of controlling the flow in both directions, with some limitations on the pressure difference between input and output ports while flow is reversed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the presented control design and experimental validations are scheduled in near future.
Hematoporphyrin Derivative: A Possible Aid in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Carcinoma of the Bladder (1976)

The distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative has been studied in patients undergoing transurethral resections and total cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder. Although hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence was not confined to malignant tissues with the dose used there was preferential localization in malignant and pre-malignant epithelium. Also high intensity illumination of an area of hematoporphyrin derivative sensitized carcinoma caused tumor destruction. Therefore, it is suggested that hematoporphyrin derivative could be used as an aid to the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the bladder.
Oncoplastic breast surgery versus conventional breast conserving surgery – a prospective follow-up study of subjective loco-regional late morbidity (2021)

<b>Background and aim:</b> Few studies have focused on the symptoms of loco-regional morbidity in shoulders, arms, and breasts related to oncoplastic breast surgery (OPS). This study aimed to determine if a difference exists in the prevalence or variety of subjective symptoms of shoulder, arm, and breast morbidity in patients undergoing OPS compared with patients receiving conventional breast conserving surgery (C-BCS). Cosmetic result and body image were included as secondary endpoints.<b>Methods:</b> This prospective follow-up study with 18 months of questionnaire-based follow-up included women with breast cancer or ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i>. They were divided into two groups - C-BCS or OPS - depending on type of surgery performed. Furthermore, patient, disease, and treatment characteristics were recorded.<b>Results:</b> Among 334 completers, 229 (69%) received C-BCS and 105 (31%) received OPS. Participants were comparable regarding age, comorbidity, BMI, re-excision rate (15-16%), and axillary surgery. As for tumor characteristics, a more advanced disease stage was shown in the OPS than in the C-BCS group with larger tumor and lumpectomy size, more multifocality, and the corresponding following systemic adjuvant therapy.The questionnaire revealed that the two groups were comparable with no significant differences in frequency or variety of symptoms of shoulder and arm morbidity. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the cosmetic results in both groups and no significant inter-group differences were observed.<b>Conclusion:</b> In patients with larger tumors, breast conserving surgery utilizing oncoplastic techniques yields results regarding subjective shoulder, arm, and breast morbidity as well as cosmetic outcome comparable with those of C-BCS performed on smaller tumors.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT02159274 (2014).HIGHLIGHTSSubjective symptoms of shoulder, arm, and breast morbidity are comparable when oncoplastic breast surgery is compared to conventional breast conserving surgery.The variety of symptoms of shoulder and arm morbidity following oncoplastic surgery does not differ from symptoms following conventional breast conserving surgery.The cosmetic outcome following oncoplastic breast surgery is comparable to breast conserving surgery without oncoplastic techniques.
Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Systems (2011)

Liquid crystal displays were discovered in the 1960s, and today we continue to enjoy the benefits of that fundamental discovery and its translation into a wide variety of products. Like liquid crystals, polymers are unusual materials, and have similarly enjoyed a great deal of research attention because of their vast applications and uses and compl
Three New Phases in the K/Cu/Th/S System:  KCuThS3, K2Cu2ThS4, and K3Cu3Th2S7 (2005)

Synthetic exploration of K/Cu/Th/S quaternary phase space has yielded three new compounds: KCuThS3 (I), K2Cu2ThS4 (II), and K3Cu3Th2S7 (III). All three phases are semiconductors with optical band gaps of 2.95, 2.17, and 2.49 eV(I-III). Compound I crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with a = 4.076(1) A, b = 13.864(4) A, and c = 10.541(3) A. Compound II crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m with a = 14.522(1) A, b = 4.026(3) A, and c = 7.566(6) A; beta = 109.949(1) degrees . Compound III crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 4.051(2) A, b = 14.023(8) A, and c = 24.633(13) A. The compounds are all layered materials, with each layer composed of threads of edge-sharing ThS6 octahedra bridged by CuS4 tetrahedral threads of varying dimension. The layers are separated by well-ordered potassium ions. The relatively wide range of optical band gaps is attributed to the extent of the CuS4 motifs. As the dimension of the CuS4 chains increases, band gaps decrease in the series. All materials were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, microprobe chemical analysis, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIR-UV).
HumanMycobacterium bovisInfection and Bovine Tuberculosis Outbreak, Michigan, 1994–2007 (2008)

Mycobacterium bovis is endemic in Michigan's white-tailed deer and has been circulating since 1994. The strain circulating in deer has remained genotypically consistent and was recently detected in 2 humans. We summarize the investigation of these cases and confirm that recreational exposure to deer is a risk for infection in humans.
Phylogenomic Analysis of BAC-end Sequence Libraries in <I>Oryza</I> (Poaceae) (2010)

Analyses of genome scale data sets are beginning to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of species with complex evolutionary histories. Broad sampling across many genes allows for both large concatenated data sets to improve genome-scale phylogenetic resolution and also for independent analysis of gene trees and detection of phylogenetic incongruence. Recent sequencing projects in Oryza sativa and its wild relatives have positioned rice as a model system for such "phylogenomic" studies. We describe the assembly of a phylogenomic data set from 800,000 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences, producing an alignment of 2.4 million nucleotides for 10 diploid species of Oryza. A supermatrix approach confirms the broad outline of previous phylogenetic studies, although the nonphylogenetic signal and high levels of missing data must be handled carefully. Phylogenetic analysis of 12 chromosomes and nearly 2,000 genes finds strikingly high levels of incongruence across different genomic scales, a result that is likely to apply to other low-level phylogenies in plants. We conclude that there is great potential for phylogenetic inference using data from next-generation sequencing protocols but that attention to methodological issues arising inevitably in these data sets is critical. Â© 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
Comparison of thin-film transistors fabricated at low temperatures (≤600 °C) on as-deposited and amorphized-crystallized polycrystalline Si (1987)

A comparison of the performances of thin-film transistors fabricated on as-deposited and amorphized-crystallized (low-pressure chemical-vapor deposited) polycrystalline Si films is reported in this paper. The polycrystalline Si films, 3500 Å thick, were grown on SiO2 via the pyrolysis of SiH4 at 625 °C, and the entire amorphization (ion implantation), crystallization, and device fabrication processes that followed were carried out at temperatures ≤600 °C, all compatible with low-cost glass substrates. Both n-channel and p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS and PMOS) transistors with three different geometries (W/L=200/20, 200/10, and 200/5 μm/μm) were fabricated and compared. The results showed that the amorphized-crystallized film was in general a more superior thin-film transistor material than the as-deposited film, although the ‘‘aspects’’ of superiority differed between the NMOS and the PMOS transistors. The NMOS transistors fabricated on the amorphized-crystallized film exhibited a lower threshold voltage (21–25 vs 23–25 V), a higher field-effect mobility (15 vs 3.5 cm2/V s), but the same on–off current ratio (2×104) as those on the as-deposited film. The PMOS transistors fabricated on the amorphized-crystallized film exhibited a higher field-effect mobility (10 vs 3.4 cm2/V s), a higher on–off current ratio (6×104 vs 3×104), but the same threshold voltage (−25 V) as those on the as-deposited film. When fabricated on the same material (as-deposited or amorphized-crystallized), NMOS outperforms PMOS in terms of a lower threshold voltage and a higher field-effect mobility, but PMOS outperforms NMOS in terms of a higher on–off current ratio. All thin-film transistors fabricated in this work qualify as the switching elements for large-area liquid-crystal displays.
A six-plex proteome quantification strategy reveals the dynamics of protein turnover (2013)

MS1 full scan based quantification is one of the most popular approaches for large-scale proteome quantification. Typically only three different samples can be differentially labeled and quantified in a single experiment. Here we present a two stages stable isotope labeling strategy which allows six different protein samples (six-plex) to be reliably labeled and simultaneously quantified at MS1 level. Briefly in the first stage, isotope lysine-d0 (K0) and lysine-d4 (K4) are in vivo incorporated into different protein samples during cell culture. Then in the second stage, three of K0 and K4 labeled protein samples are digested by lysine C and in vitro labeled with light (2CH3), medium (2CD2H), and heavy (2(13)CD3) dimethyl groups, respectively. We demonstrated that this six-plex isotope labeling strategy could successfully investigate the dynamics of protein turnover in a high throughput manner.