gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing breast irradiation. (2015)

96 Background: We are conducting an exploratory, prospective study to investigate factors associated with radiation-induced fatigue in women with early breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for breast conservation. Our hypothesis is that fatigue associated with adjuvant RT is related to tissue damage by apoptosis and inflammation, and to baseline psychological profiles. Methods: All subjects were assessed immediately before RT (T1), mid-point of RT (T2), end of RT (T3), 6 months (T4) and 1 year (T5) after completing RT. Clinical evaluations of skin toxicity, laboratory measures, fatigue, distress, depression, anxiety, sleep, energy and pain were assessed using validated measures. Results: Thirty-one subjects (target 50) have been enrolled to date; 23 have completed T3 and are presented here. 35% had a history of depression and 17% are currently depressed; 22% had past and current anxiety. BCTOS breast pain, tenderness and sensitivity increased during RT and were consistent with functional pain scores. No clinically relevant changes in energy or distress were seen. Despite a notable prevalence of depression and anxiety at baseline, there were no relevant changes in depression or anxiety. Most IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were undetectable. 39% of subjects showed increases in fatigue and were 14 years younger than non-fatigued subjects. Fatigued subjects had more frequent past (44%) and current (33%) depression than non-fatigued subjects (29% and 7%, respectively), and woke up tired more frequently (44% versus 0%). Current depression, but not fatigue, was associated with decreased a.m. cortisol levels during RT. 56% of fatigued subjects had an RTOG Acute Skin Toxicity score &gt; 1 and 78% had BCTOS breast-specific pain subscales scores ≥ 3 during RT vs. 21% and 14% of non-fatigued subjects, respectively. Serum caspase-1 (inflammation) and caspase-3 (apoptosis), hs-CRP and TNF-α were increased but not associated with fatigue. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that radiation-associated fatigue is complex and, as hypothesized, is dependent on a patient’s psychological profile in the setting of skin toxicity and insomnia. If this data holds at study completion, it may guide clinical interventions.
Renal Allograft Rupture: a Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature (1982)

This report reviews the features of 149 cases of renal allograft rupture, while adding a detailed description of 3 more cases to the English literature. From November, 1973 to November, 1979, 3 cases of renal allograft rupture occurred in 100 renal transplants performed at Research Medical Center, Kansas City, Mo., an incidence of 3.0%. Rupture developed between the 6th and 8th day after transplantation while patients required dialysis because of poor allograft function. All patients had surgical exploration and successful repair of laceration. Clinical and/or histological findings were consistent with acute rejection in all 3 cases. One graft functioned for 5 years with gradual loss of function. The other two grafts are functioning at the present time. Review of reported cases suggests that acute rejection is the most common cause of allograft rupture. Rupture of the renal allograft did not appear to increase the intensity of rejection, nor did it represent an irreversible rejection. Transplant nephrectomy can be avoided unless hemorrhage is uncontrollable from the site of laceration.
Studies on Bile-sensitive Lipase. VIII. Product Inhibition of Mucor Lipase and Role of Bile Salts and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> to the Inhibition (1970)

In order to clarify the effect of the products formed during lipolysis by Mucor lipase, some experiments were done. The lipase was inhibited by soaps of long-chain fatty acids above C12, while the lipase was little affected by soaps of C4-C8 fatty acids, glycerin and monoglycerides. Long-chain fatty acids in very low concentration, less than 5 μmoles, acted as a competitive inhibitor. Although diffusion of oleic acid from the interface was arrested by laurate and oleate because of the accumulation of the salts at the interface, by the addition of bile salt to the system diffusion of oleic acid was promoted. Bile salts reduced inhibition by long-chain fatty acids, consequently the initial rate of the reaction did not reduce for some time. Ca2+ also prevented the inhibition by removing the fatty acids into the oil phase after the formation of Ca-soaps.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Cyanide in Water and Soil (2005)

Cyanide in water and soil may pose significant risk for ecological receptors, depending upon the chemical species of cyanide and the nature of exposure. This chapter outlines the key aspects of exposure and effects that influence the ecological risk associated with releases of cyanide. The chapter is organized in a format that follows the standard framework for risk assessment [1,2]: problem formulation, exposure assessment, effects assessment, and risk characterization. Due to the many data gaps that exist in the literature, this summary of cyanide-related risk does not provide a complete picture. However, it does provide an overview of the current state of the science as it applies to the completion of an ecological risk assessment for cyanide. Existing data gaps and research needs that may reduce uncertainty are discussed.
Self-thyroid epithelial cell (TEC)-reactive CD8+ T cell lines/clones derived from autoimmune thyroiditis lesions. They recognize self-thyroid antigens directly on TEC to exhibit T helper cell 1-type lymphokine production and cytotoxicity against TEC (1995)

Self-thyroid epithelial cell (TEC)-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cell lines were established by culturing T cells that infiltrate in autoimmune thyroiditis lesions. We investigated the properties of CD8+ T cell lines and clones in comparison with previously characterized CD4+ T cell lines/clones. Although the recognition of self-Ag by anti-TEC CD4+ T cell lines/clones required the cooperation of syngeneic spleen cells as APC, a representative CD8+ line (N4C) was stimulated with syngeneic TEC in the absence of APC. Precise analysis of MHC restriction using N4C-derived clones revealed that CD8+ clones recognize self-Ag on TEC in the context of class I MHC molecules. Most CD8+ clones were also found to express TCR with V beta specificities that were different from those observed for anti-TEC CD4+ clones. N4C cells produced IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha beta, but not IL-4 and IL-5 after stimulation with TEC, thus exhibiting the profile of lymphokine production similar to that expressed by CD4+ Th1 on one hand, but on the other, they showed the functional property that has not been observed for anti-TEC CD4+ clones. Namely, they elicited appreciable levels of cytolytic effects on syngeneic TEC in a short-term (4-h) 51Cr release assay. Thus, these results indicate that self-TEC-reactive CD8+ T cell lines/clones recognize Ag directly on TEC in a class I MHC-restricted way so as to exhibit various functions including the Th1-like profile of lymphokine production and anti-TEC cytolysis. The results are also discussed in terms of the nature of self-Ag presented with class I MHC molecules on TEC, as well as the potential roles of anti-TEC CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of thyroiditis.
Industry Updates from the Field of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine in February 2022 (2022)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Dynamic Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Processing with Energy Storage Applications (2016)

The cryogenic carbon capture™ (CCC) process provides energy- and cost-efficient carbon capture and can be configured to provide an energy storage system using an open-loop natural gas (NG) refrigeration system, which is called energy storing cryogenic carbon capture (CCC-ES™). This investigation focuses on the transient operation and especially on the dynamic response of this energy storage system and explores its efficiency, effectiveness, design, and operation. This investigation included four tasks.The first task explores the steady-state design of four different natural gas liquefaction processes simulated by Aspen HYSYS. These processes differ from traditional LNG process in that the CCC process vaporizes the LNG and the cold vapors return through the LNG heat exchangers, exchanging sensible heat with the incoming flows. The comparisons include costs and energy performance with individually optimized processes, each operating at three operating conditions: energy storage, energy recovery, and balanced operation. The second task examines steady-state and transient models and optimization of natural gas liquefaction using Aspen HYSYS. Steady-state exergy and heat exchanger efficiency analyses characterize the performance of several potential systems. Transient analyses of the optimal steady-state model produced most of the results discussed here. The third task explores transient Aspen HYSYS modeling and optimization of two natural gas liquefaction processes and identifies the rate-limiting process components during load variations. Novel flowrate variations included in this investigation drive transient responses of all units, especially compressors and heat exchangers. Model-predictive controls (MPC) effectively manages such heat exchangers and compares favorably with results using traditional controls. The last task shows how an unprocessed natural gas (NG) pretreatment system can remove more than 90% of the CO2 from NG with CCC technology using Aspen Plus simulations and experimental data. This task shows how CCC-based technology can treat NG streams to prepare them for LNG use. Data from an experimental bench-scale apparatus verify simulation results. Simulated results on carbon (CO2) capture qualitatively and quantitatively agree with experimental results as a function of feedstock properties.
Analysis of sequence polymorphism of a major mite allergen, Der p 2 (1996)

The results showed that there was a small but significant degree of sequence polymorphisms exists in Der p 2 gene alleles. Interestingly, the polymorphic residues were found in regions containing previously determined T-epitopes. The polymorphism data reported here will be important for the understanding of the immune responses of mite allergens as well as for the development of the peptide-based immunotherapeutic reagents for mite allergy.
Progressive sudomotor dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2002)

Autonomic dysregulation is part of the complex degenerative process in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To investigate this, sweating was examined at rest in 39 patients with ALS in comparison with a control group. Sweat was collected over a 30 second period over the thenar and hypothenar eminences and on the sole of the foot, using a commercial device based on vapour pressure gradient. The measurements were repeated after three and six months in 10 patients for longitudinal analysis. In early ALS, patients had significantly higher skin water loss than control subjects over the thenar and the hypothenar eminences. In advanced disease stages, sweating was decreased at all sites compared with controls. A significant decline in sweat secretion of about 40% was found over a six month period. The findings suggest an abnormal sympathetic activity with hyperhidrosis in early ALS and a reduction in sweat production as the disease progresses.
Chest wall acceleration and force measurements in simulated manual and mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1988)

During CPR, the dynamics of the chest compression process play a major role in determining the outcome of the resuscitation effort. To quantify chest wall motion during CPR, a number of important variables must be determined, including maximum downward acceleration and velocity of the chest wall, time during which the wall is held in compression, and maximum depth and rate of chest compression. In this study, miniature accelerometers were used to record chest wall motion during simulated CPR with standard training manikins. One series of CPR tests included force measurements from a three-dimensional force platform placed under the manikin. The results of this investigation showed that American Heart Association (AHA)-certified rescuers are able to produce a consistent pattern of chest wall displacement during a manikin training exercise, and only small differences in displacement recordings are found when comparing one certified rescuer to another. Any given rescuer will usually generate a consistently repeatable acceleration pattern during CPR. However, these cyclical acceleration patterns differ markedly when comparing different certified rescuers. Mechanical CPR with a standard device produced larger peak accelerations than manual CPR. However, the maximum downward velocity was usually higher with manual CPR. In comparison with trained but clinically inexperienced individuals, rescuers with extensive in hospital experience produced relatively larger downward accelerations, longer "hold" times with the chest in compression, and maximum chest displacements that exceeded the current AHA recommendations. Measurements of the force transmitted through the manikin to a force platform clearly indicated the presence of a "hold" phase (if present) and the existence of large force components in the horizontal plane.
Quality Control of DXA System and Precision Test of Radio-technologists (2014)

The image quality management of bone mineral density (BMD) is the responsibility and duty of radio-technologists who carry out examinations. However, inaccurate conclusions due to the lack of understanding and ignorance regarding the methodology of image quality management can be a fatal error to patients. The accuracy and precision of BMD measurement must be maintained at the highest level so that actual biological changes can be detected with even slight changes in BMD. Accuracy and precision should be continuously preserved for image quality of machines. Those factors will contribute to ensure the reliability of BMD examination. The enforcement of proper quality control of radiologists performing BMD inspections which brings about the durability extensions of equipment and accurate results of calculations will help the assurance of reliable inspections.
Optimal power flow algorithm and analysis in distribution system considering distributed generation (2013)

This study investigates the optimal power flow (OPF) problem for distribution networks with the integration of distributed generation (DG). By considering the objectives of minimal line loss, minimal voltage deviation and maximum DG active power output, the proposed OPF formulation is a multi‐object optimisation problem. Through normalisation of each objective function, the multi‐objective optimisation is transformed to single‐objective optimisation. To solve such a non‐convex problem, the trust‐region sequential quadratic programming (TRSQP) method is proposed, which iteratively approximates the OPF by a quadratic programming with the trust‐region guidance. The TRSQP utilises the sensitivity analysis to approximate all the constraints with linear ones, which will reduce the optimisation scale. Active set method is utilised in TRSQP to solve quadratic programming sub‐problem. Numerical tests on IEEE 33‐, PG&amp;E 69‐ and actual 292‐, 588‐, 1180‐bus systems show the applicability of the proposed method, and comparisons with the primal–dual interior point method and sequential linear programming method are provided. The initialisation and convergence condition of the proposed method are also discussed. The computational result indicates that the proposed algorithm for DG control optimisation in distribution system is feasible and effective.
Results of ULF magnetic field measurements near the epicenters of the Spitak (Ms = 6.9) and Loma Prieta (Ms = 7.1) earthquakes: Comparative analysis (1992)

The characteristics of the ULF magnetic field emissions measured at two magnetic observatories in the Republic of Georgia prior to and after the M s = 6.9 earthquake that occurred near Spitak, Armenia, on December 7, 1988, are compared with the apparently similar emissions associated with the M s = 7.1 earthquake that occurred near Loma Prieta, California, on October 17, 1989. The main features of the Spitak measurements, according to observations made at the Dusheti station (128 km to the Spitak epicenter), as compared with the Loma Prieta measurements, which were made at Corralitos, California (7 km to the Loma Prieta epicenter), are the following: (1) The intensity of ULF background activity started growing 3 to 5 days before the Spitak earthquake, whereas the corresponding increase in activity began 12 days before the Loma Prieta earthquake; (2) a substantial ULF emission burst was recorded at Dusheti starting 4 hours prior to the main shock; a similar large burst of ULF activity commenced 3 hours before the Loma Prieta event, and continued until the occurrence of the main shock; (3) ULF activity remained high for about two weeks after the Spitak earthquake, and for several months after the Loma Prieta earthquake; (4) ULF noise bursts were observed 1 to 6 hours before powerful aftershocks at Spitak during the period of enhanced activity, but there was no conclusive link between the ULF noise at Corralitos and the after‐shocks. A major difference in the ULF activity preceding the two earthquakes is a difference in amplitude (0.2 nT at Spitak and 5 nT at Loma Prieta), but this is easily explained as being caused by the different distances of the observation stations from the epicenters.
Antiretroviral potency of 4′-ethnyl-2′-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, tenofovir alafenamide and second-generation NNRTIs across diverse HIV-1 subtypes (2018)

Our combined virological and biochemical data suggest that EFdA inhibits both WT and reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant viruses efficiently in a subtype-independent manner. In contrast, HIV-1C is least susceptible to etravirine and rilpivirine.
In Operando Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging of Electrochemical Interfaces: A Short Perspective (2021)

Electrochemical interfaces are at the core of many important current applications, from corrosion and biophysics to electrocatalytic and battery interfaces. Further understanding in the processes taking place at these interfaces is often linked to better observation techniques. In situ or in operando imaging and characterization of the electrochemical interface helps improve our understanding of structural sequences and kinetics of complex processes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers a unique combination to monitor surface morphology and mechanical properties at micro‐ and nanoscale surfaces and solid–electrolyte interfaces. Two examples are given where the application of AFM during electrochemical processes is clearly useful. Organic inhibitors and their behavior play an important role in corrosion mitigation and the influence of thiol monolayers on dealloying is reported: Zinc films find application for coatings or Zn batteries and an in situ electrodeposition study is shortly described. With the ongoing improvement of computational simulations, the broadening of spatiotemporal scales possible with AFM imaging and its combination with mechanical information points in a prospective future for in operando AFM.
Surface-Exposed Adeno-Associated Virus Vp1-NLS Capsid Fusion Protein Rescues Infectivity of Noninfectious Wild-Type Vp2/Vp3 and Vp3-Only Capsids but Not That of Fivefold Pore Mutant Virions (2007)

Over the past 2 decades, significant effort has been dedicated to the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for human gene therapy. However, understanding of the virus with respect to the functional domains of the capsid remains incomplete. In this study, the goal was to further examine the role of the unique Vp1 N terminus, the N terminus plus the recently identified nuclear localization signal (NLS) (J. C. Grieger, S. Snowdy, and R. J. Samulski, J. Virol 80:5199-5210, 2006), and the virion pore at the fivefold axis in infection. We generated two Vp1 fusion proteins (Vp1 and Vp1NLS) linked to the 8-kDa chemokine domain of rat fractalkine (FKN) for the purpose of surface exposure upon assembly of the virion, as previously described (K. H. Warrington, Jr., O. S. Gorbatyuk, J. K. Harrison, S. R. Opie, S. Zolotukhin, and N. Muzyczka, J. Virol 78:6595-6609, 2004). The unique Vp1 N termini were found to be exposed on the surfaces of these capsids and maintained their phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, as determined by native dot blot Western and PLA2 assays, respectively. Incorporation of the fusions into AAV type 2 capsids lacking a wild-type Vp1, i.e., Vp2/Vp3 and Vp3 capsid only, increased infectivity by 3- to 5-fold (Vp1FKN) and 10- to 100-fold (Vp1NLSFKN), respectively. However, the surface-exposed fusions did not restore infectivity to AAV virions containing mutations at a conserved leucine (Leu336Ala, Leu336Cys, or Leu336Trp) located at the base of the fivefold pore. EM analyses suggest that Leu336 may play a role in global structural changes to the virion directly impacting downstream conformational changes essential for infectivity and not only have local effects within the pore, as previously suggested.
Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management (2020)

Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension and strokes, all conditions typified with thrombi. The underlying science provides a theoretical management algorithm for the frontline practitioners.Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin D status via sequestration into adipocytes and hydroxylation activation inhibition. Hyperinsulinaemia mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant capacity via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation and catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, increasing deep vein thrombosis risk and pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates carbon dioxide production, decreasing oxygen saturation capacity. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis.Patients with COVID-19 admitted with hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on a restricted refined carbohydrate diet, with limited use of intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level of restriction is determined by serial testing of blood glucose, insulin and ketones. Supplemental magnesium, vitamin D and zinc should be administered. By implementing refined carbohydrate restriction, three primary risk factors, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, that increase inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis risk are rapidly managed.
Beam Pattern characterization of Sierpinski Fractal Photoconductive Antennas (2022)

Far field results for the beam pattern of fractal photoconductive antennas (PCAs) based on the Sierpinski triangle, measured through a collimated aperture raster scan technique with fixed transmit and receive free-space laser-fed PCAs are presented. The fractal behavior has been compared to simulations, with excellent agreement.