gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An innovative bioresorbable gelatin based 3D scaffold that maintains the stemness of adipose tissue derived stem cells and the plasticity of differentiated neurons (2019)

Neural tissue engineering aims at producing a simulated environment using a matrix that is suitable to grow specialized neurons/glial cells pertaining to CNS/PNS which replace damaged or lost tissues. The primary goal of this study is to design a compatible scaffold that supports the development of neural-lineage cells which aids in neural regeneration. The fabricated, freeze-dried scaffolds consisted of biocompatible, natural and synthetic polymers: gelatin and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Physiochemical characterization was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging. The 3D construct retains good swelling proficiency and holds the integrated structure that supports cell adhesion and proliferation. The composite of PVP-gelatin is blended in such a way that it matches the mechanical strength of the brain tissue. The cytocompatibility analysis shows that the scaffolds are compatible and permissible for the growth of both stem cells as well as differentiated neurons. A change in the ratios of the scaffold components resulted in varied sizes of pores giving diverse surface morphology, greatly influencing the properties of the neurons. However, there is no change in stem cell properties. Different types of neurons are characterized by the type of gene associated with the neurotransmitter secreted by them. The change in the neuron properties could be attributed to neuroplasticity. The plasticity of the neurons was analyzed using quantitative gene expression studies. It has been observed that the gelatin-rich construct supports the prolonged proliferation of stem cells and multiple neurons along with their plasticity.
An Approximate Analysis of Non-uniform Gas Flow through Layered Burdens (1988)

An approximate analysis relevant to the gas flow through the shaft of blast furnace with layered burdens is developed for predicting the local azimuth of streamline, the ratio of gas-distribution between two adjacent layers, and the radial distribution of gas flow rate across each layer.The effects of charging conditions on the non-uniformities of gas flow in layered burdens are investigated on the basis of a mathematical model derived from the analysis mentioned above. The predictions obtained by the model are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the numerical solutions by the finite difference method of the equation of continuity and the vectorial Ergun equation. Computational time for the approximate model can be considerably abridged in comparison with that for the rigorous numerical method.The zigzag patterns of gas-streamlines were visualized in a two-dimensional packed bed composed of alternate layers of silicagel particles. Availability of the present model was verified from the close agree ment between observed and predicted streamlines.
Resveratrol distinctively modulates the inflammatory profiles of immune and endothelial cells (2017)

RES had cell-specific and context-dependent effects, in particular on the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CCL4/MIP-1β and CXCL10/IP-10. It enhanced cellular features that mirror increased alertness to disturbed immune homeostasis in the vascular-endothelial compartment (e.g. increased production of IL-1β or IL-6), whereas it blunted inflammatory mediators in macrophages and consequently chronic inflammation. We infer from the present in vitro study, that RES has unique properties in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses, which are controlled in a complex hierarchical and temporal order.
Lyme borreliosis in Texas. (1991)

Lyme borreliosis is a protean infection caused by B burgdorferi, a recently recognized arthropod-borne spirochete. The disease is generally acquired during warm weather, and its onset is characterized by a skin lesion, EM, and flulike symptoms. Neurologic, cardiac, and/or rheumatologic abnormalities may emerge weeks, months, or years later. In the absence of the pathognomonic skin lesion, determination of antibody response is currently the most practical laboratory aid in diagnosis. However, clinical judgement is necessary for the correct interpretation of laboratory results because false-positive and false-negative results are common. Antibiotics remain the mainstay of therapy. Longer courses of antibiotic therapy than those previously recommended may be needed to obtain a cure, particularly in later stages of the illness.
Extended‐Synaptotagmins as Lipid Transporters at ER‐PM Contact Sites (2016)

Growing evidence suggests that close appositions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other membranes, including appositions with the plasma membrane (PM), mediate exchange of lipids between these bilayers. The mechanisms of such exchange, which allows lipid transfer independently of vesicular transport, remain poorly understood. The presence of a synaptotagmin‐like mitochondrial‐lipid‐binding protein (SMP) domain, a proposed lipid‐binding module, in several proteins localized at membrane contact sites raised the possibility that such domains may be implicated in lipid transport. SMP‐containing proteins include components of the ERMES complex, an ER–mitochondrial tether, and the extended synaptotagmins, which are ER–PM tethers. We present at 2.44 Å resolution the crystal structure of a fragment of human extended synaptotagmin 2 (E‐SYT2), including an SMP domain and two adjacent C2 domains. The SMP domain has a β‐barrel structure like protein modules in the tubular‐lipid‐binding (TULIP) superfamily. It dimerizes to form an approximately 90‐Å‐long cylinder traversed by a channel lined entirely with hydrophobic residues, with the two C2A–C2B fragments forming arched structures flexibly linked to the SMP domain. Importantly, structural analysis complemented by mass spectrometry revealed the presence of glycerophospholipids in the E‐SYT2 SMP channel, indicating a direct role for E‐SYTs in lipid transport. These findings provide strong evidence for a role of SMP‐domain‐containing proteins in the control of lipid transfer at membrane contact sites and have broad implications beyond the field of ER‐to‐PM appositions. Note that this abstract is very similar to that in our initial report in Nature, 2014, 510:552–555. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM080616 to K.M.R., R37NS36251 and DK082700 to P.D.C.). M.R.W. and F.T. are funded by grants from the National University of Singapore via the Life Sciences Institute (LSI) and the Biochemical Research Council (BMRC‐SERC Diag‐034). C.M.S. was recipient of an National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE‐1122492). Y.S. was supported by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science. NIH GM808
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthetic Studies of Daunorubicin and Tetracenomycin C (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast Facts: Hyperlipidemia (2021)

'Fast Facts: Hyperlipidemia' is a crisp and accurate summary of lipid disorders, with clear language and illustrations. Directed at a broad range of healthcare professionals, from primary care physicians to specialists, this updated sixth edition addresses the importance of considering lipoprotein particles, not just their lipids. The renowned auth
Impact of Drying on Wood Ultrastructure Observed by Deuterium Exchange and Photoacoustic FT-IR Spectroscopy (2009)

The impact of drying on the ultrastructure of fresh wood was studied by deuterium exchange coupled with FT-IR analysis. This fundamental investigation demonstrated that water removal leads to irreversible alterations of the wood structure, namely, supramolecular rearrangements between wood polymers. The deuteration of fresh wood was shown to be fully reversible by a subsequent exposure of the deuterated sample to water (reprotonation). Therefore, the presence of any OD groups in deuterated and then dried wood samples after reprotonation is a clear indicator of reduced accessibility. The extent of changes was affected by drying temperature and relative humidity. Application of this methodology for the evaluation of chemical pulp sample (reference material) resulted in similar response, only more pronounced. Two hypothetical alternatives were proposed for accessibility reduction in dried wood: (i) irreversible aggregation of cellulose microfibrils and (ii) irreversible stiffening of the hemicellulose/lignin matrix that extensively swells when exposed to water.
Advanced age and the clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. (2014)

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is common in the elderly. Although surgical replacement of the valve has been the gold standard of management, many patients have been excluded from surgery because they were very old, frail, or had co-morbidities that increased operative risks. In the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a new treatment option suitable for these patients. This article reviews the available literature on the role of TAVI in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis. Published studies showed that elderly individuals who underwent TAVI experienced better in-hospital recovery, and similar short and mid-term mortality compared to those underwent surgical treatment of AS. However, long-term outcomes of TAVI in elderly patients are still unknown. The available data in the literature on the effect of advanced age on clinical outcomes of TAVI are limited, but the data that are available suggest that TAVI is a beneficial and tolerable procedure in very old patients. Some of the expected complications after TAVI are reported more in the oldest patients such as vascular injures. Other complications were comparable in TAVI patients regardless of their age group. However, very old patients may need closer monitoring to avoid further morbidities and mortality.
A Progress Report and Roadmap for Microphysiological Systems and Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies to Be More Predictive Models in Human (Knee) Osteoarthritis (2022)

Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic debilitating joint disease affecting hundreds of million people globally, is associated with significant pain and socioeconomic costs. Current treatment modalities are palliative and unable to stop the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in OA. Scientific attention has shifted from the historical view of OA as a wear-and-tear cartilage disorder to its recognition as a whole-joint disease, highlighting the contribution of other knee joint tissues in OA pathogenesis. Despite much progress in the field of microfluidic systems/organs-on-a-chip in other research fields, current <i>in vitro</i> models in use do not yet accurately reflect the complexity of the OA pathophenotype. In this review, we provide: 1) a detailed overview of the most significant recent developments in the field of microsystems approaches for OA modeling, and 2) an OA-pathophysiology-based bioengineering roadmap for the requirements of the next generation of more predictive and authentic microscale systems fit for the purpose of not only disease modeling but also of drug screening to potentially allow OA animal model reduction and replacement in the near future.
A Wideband Power-Efficient Inductive Wireless Lind for Implantable Microelectronic Devices Using Multiple Carriers (2009)

This paper presents a novel inductive link for wireless transmission of power and data to biomedical implantable microelectronic devices using multiple carrier signals. Achieving higher data bandwidth without compromising the power efficiency is the driving force behind using multiple separate carriers. Two separate pairs of coils have been utilized for inductive power and forward data transmission, plus a pair of miniature antennas for back telemetry. One major challenge, however, is to minimize the interference among these carriers especially on the implantable side, where size and power are highly limited. Planar power coils with spiral shape are optimized in geometry to provide maximum coupling coefficient k. The data coils are designed rectangular in shape and wound across the power coils diameter to be oriented perpendicular to the power coil planes. The goal is to maximize data coils direct coupling, while minimize their cross-coupling with the power coils. The effects of coils geometry, orientation, relative distance, and misalignments on the coupling coefficients have been modeled and experimentally evaluated.
Channel Estimation for MIMO Space Time Coded OTFS under Doubly Selective Channels (2021)

In this paper, we present a unique word (UW)-based channel estimation approach for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems under doubly dispersive channels, which is applied to orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) with space time coding (STC). The OTFS modulation has been recently proposed as a robust technique under time varying channels due to its property of spreading the data symbols over time and frequency. Yet another relevant aspect is the employment of multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, we consider an STC MIMO system with cyclic delay diversity at the transmitter and maximum ratio combining at the receiver, where we develop a UW-based channel estimation scheme for multiple transmit antennas. We show a recently proposed frame optimization scheme for SISO is directly applicable to MIMO. In addition, we evaluate numerically the frame error rate (FER) of OTFS and OFDM with 2×2 and 4×4 MIMO, where the time varying channel is estimated using the UW-based approach. The FER results reveal that OTFS becomes more advantageous than OFDM for MIMO-STC systems with higher order modulation and code rate.
Time-domain spectroscopy of methane excited by resonant high-energy mid-IR pulses (2021)

Abstract We describe the implementation of nonlinear time-domain spectroscopy of rotovibrational IR-active modes in methane through broadband Four-Wave Mixing driven by resonant high-energy mid infrared laser pulses. At high driving pulse intensities we observe an efficient vibrational ladder climbing triggered in the molecules. This study opens the possibility to impulsively and selectively excite molecules of biological interest to high-lying vibrational states and to characterize their dynamics.
Charting the complete elastic properties of inorganic crystalline compounds (2015)

The elastic constant tensor of an inorganic compound provides a complete description of the response of the material to external stresses in the elastic limit. It thus provides fundamental insight into the nature of the bonding in the material, and it is known to correlate with many mechanical properties. Despite the importance of the elastic constant tensor, it has been measured for a very small fraction of all known inorganic compounds, a situation that limits the ability of materials scientists to develop new materials with targeted mechanical responses. To address this deficiency, we present here the largest database of calculated elastic properties for inorganic compounds to date. The database currently contains full elastic information for 1,181 inorganic compounds, and this number is growing steadily. The methods used to develop the database are described, as are results of tests that establish the accuracy of the data. In addition, we document the database format and describe the different ways it can be accessed and analyzed in efforts related to materials discovery and design.
OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX MEDICAL STATES BY PHOTONICS METHODS (2018)

In this paper we analyze the possibility of using special methods and equipment of coherent photonics when working with multi-parameter information. Inverse two-phase coding and operational analysis of multi-parameter data can realize a number of probabilistic algorithms. The possibility and expediency of realization of not only the correlation algorithm underlying the holographic image recognition but also universal statistical algorithms using photonics methods is substantiated. A comparative analysis of photonic medical diagnostic systems running on a wide range of algorithms: search for precedent, correspondence diagnostics, deterministic diagnostics, Bayes algorithm. The results of experimental studies of medical diagnosis and the prediction of complex conditions is presented. Such an analysis is carried out by the means of vector-matrix multiplication using laser photonics methods. It is significant that with the widening of the range of probability algorithms, it is possible to preserve certain advantages of the holographic method: multidimensionality, efficiency, high information capacity and speed, visibility and flexibility of the result presentation. The methods described are of particular relevance in connection with the first photonic processors.
Comparison of two tree-structured approaches for grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (2002)

Recently, we described a two step self learning approach for grapheme to phoneme (G2P) conversion (O. Anderson and P. Dalsgaard, 1995). In the first step, grapheme and phoneme strings in the training data are aligned via an iterative Viterbi procedure that may insert graphemic and phonemic nulls where required. In the second step, a Trie structure, encoding pronunciation rules is generated. We describe the alignment module, and give alignment accuracies on the NETtalk database. We also compare transcription accuracies for two approaches to the second step on three databases: the NETtalk database, the CMU dictionary and the French part of the ONOMASTICA lexicon. The two transcription approaches applied in this research are a Trie approach and an approach based on binary decision trees grown by means of the Gelfand-Ravishankar-Delp algorithm (F. Breiman et al., 1984; S. Gelfand et al., 1991; R. Kuhn et al., 1995). We discuss the choice of questions for these decision trees-it may be possible to formulate questions about groups of characters (e.g., "is the next letter a vowel?") that yield better trees than those that only use questions about individual characters (e.g., "is the next letter an 'A' ?"). Finally, we discuss the implications of our work for G2P conversion.
Accuracy of Growth Hormone Measurements (1991)

The availability of high quality reagents and new methodology have contributed to overall improvements in the performance of immunoassays of human growth hormone in recent years. Discrepancies between superficially similar methods do occur as a result of the heterogeneous nature of the hormone itself. However, there is also evidence of incorrect standardisation in widely used, commercially available assays. Careful interpretation of growth hormone assays is still required, therefore, especially when results from different laboratories are being compared.
Twice-A-Day Fractionation Preoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Carcinoma of the Bladder: Preliminary Report (1981)

There were 13 patients with carcinoma of the bladder who received preoperative radiotherapy by a modified regimen before cystectomy. Doses of 135 rad were delivered twice daily for 10 days (2,700 rad) to a 15 times 15 cm. portal and followed by immediate cystectomy. Patient tolerance has been excellent, morbidity has been minimal and no increase in operative time, blood loss of major intraoperative or postoperative complications has ensued. The theoretical and practical advantages of this regimen may outweight either the standard regimen of 4,500 rad with a 4-week hiatus before operation or the high dose, short course regimen of 2,000 rad in 5 days and immediate cystectomy.
Altered clot kinetics in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2009)

Patients with NAFLD have disturbances in ex-vivo clot kinetics including increased clot strength and clots that are more resistant to thrombin-stimulated lysis.
Foveal morphology of retinal layers in 4 to 6-year-old children with history of retinopathy of prematurity: J-CREST study (2022)

Abstract The most effective treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is considered as the laser therapy. We compared the foveal morphology of the retina in eyes with a history of ROP with that of full-term children. This was a cross-sectional comparative study. Seventy-eight patients with a history of ROP, aged 4–6 years, were included. Among them, 45 underwent laser treatment for ROP. The clinical findings and retinal morphology in these patients were compared with that of 33 patients who had spontaneous regression of ROP and 30 age-matched full-term controls. All patients with ROP had 20/40 or better best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The foveal thickness was significantly thicker and foveal depression was significantly shallower in laser-treated ROP eyes than in regressed ROP eyes and controls. The outer nuclear layer was significantly thicker, and the inner segment (IS) of the photoreceptors and the inner retinal layer (IRL) were significantly longer in the laser-treated ROP eyes than that in the control eyes. In ROP patients and controls, BCVA was associated with the foveal depression, foveal depression was associated with the gestational age and IS thickness was associated with ROP stage. Our results suggest that prematurity and laser treatment affect the foveal morphology and BCVA.
Viscosity of glass-forming liquids (2009)

The low-temperature dynamics of ultraviscous liquids hold the key to understanding the nature of glass transition and relaxation phenomena, including the potential existence of an ideal thermodynamic glass transition. Unfortunately, existing viscosity models, such as the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) and Avramov-Milchev (AM) equations, exhibit systematic error when extrapolating to low temperatures. We present a model offering an improved description of the viscosity-temperature relationship for both inorganic and organic liquids using the same number of parameters as VFT and AM. The model has a clear physical foundation based on the temperature dependence of configurational entropy, and it offers an accurate prediction of low-temperature isokoms without any singularity at finite temperature. Our results cast doubt on the existence of a Kauzmann entropy catastrophe and associated ideal glass transition.