gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eveningness has the increased odds for spinal diseases but the decreased odds for articular diseases with prospective hospital treatments (2016)

Eveningness has been associated with multiple health risks, including articular and spinal diseases. Here, we analyzed if higher risks for articular and spinal diseases among Evening-types are also seen as increased treatments severe enough to require hospitalization. Our sample consists of 5696 Finnish adults from the general population with information on treatments during 1987–2010 based on the national hospital discharge register (HILMO). Their chronotype was assessed as part of the national health examination study (FINRISK) in 2007. From 2007 to 2010, the risk for dorsopathies was significantly higher (OR = 1.8, p < 0.05) but that for arthropathies was significantly lower (OR = 0.5, p < 0.05) for Evening-types than for Morning-types, after controlling for a range of potential confounding factors. Based on the clinical diagnoses assessed during hospital treatment, our study demonstrates that the eveningness associates significantly with the increased odds for dorsopathies.
Pharmacological methods of thromboprophylaxis (2006)

The burden of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients is significant and often underestimated. In this article the rationale for thromboprophylaxis is reviewed and rates of VTE in different patient populations considered. The options for pharmacological methods of prophylaxis are outlined and the evidence for their use in specific patient groups is reviewed. Thromboprophylaxis is effective but currently underused. Strategies are being developed to remedy this situation including the development of national guidelines and intervention by the Department of Health.
The Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Properties of Anterior Lumbar Fusions (1988)

Summary An in vivo model was developed to compare the biomechanical stability, incidence of radiographic union, bone formation rate, and bone graft remodeling parameters of anterior interbody fusions. Eighteen 1-year-old beagles underwent anterior and posterior spinal destabilization procedures at L5-L6 to produce a reproducible amount of spinal instability—resection of the anterior longitudinal ligament, L5-L6 intervertebral disk, L5 and L6 lamina, spinous processes, zygoopophyseal joints, and ligamentum flavum. Group I (N = 6) were surgically destabilized controls; Group II (N = 6) underwent anterior L5-L6 interbody fusion with iliac crest bone graft; and Group III (N = 6) underwent anterior stabilization with a longitudinal fibular strut graft in addition to the same operative procedure as Group II. Six months postoperatively the group with the highest incidence of successful radiographic L5-L6 arthrodesis was Group III, anterior interbody fusion and fibular stabilization (p < .10). The rank order of biomechanical stability was the same for the three groups for both torsional and axial compressive stiffness, with Group I (destabilized controls) being the least rigid, then Group II (anterior fusion with iliac crest grafting only), and the most rigid to both torsion and axial compressive loading was Group III (anterior fusion with fibular stabilization and iliac crest bone graft). The bone formation rate [mm3/(mm3 × year) × 103], which was derived from the distance between fluorochrome markers, revealed that the more stable the individual spinal construct, the lower the bone formation rate. In summary, the beagle provided a successful model for studying in vivo the response of anterior bone grafts over a 6-month interval and provided comparative biomechanical and histomorphometric data on spinal interbody fusion techniques.
Vertical Handover Strategy for Multi-Layered Real-Time Video Traffics (2014)

In this letter, we present a new method of alleviating the deterioration in the quality of real-time video service during vertical handover (VHO). The proposed method stochastically delays the starting time of the service disruption of VHO in order to reduce the number of lost frames caused by the inter-frame dependency of multi-layered video traffic. The results show that the proposed method significantly decreases the average frame loss time at the sacrifice of an increased handover execution time by one half of the group of picture (GOP) interval of the video traffic.
Ökosteuerreform,warum? (2003)

ZusammenfassungViele fühlen sich durch die zunehmende Globalisierung der Wirtschaft bedroht. Sie fürchten, dass mit der Entfaltung multinationaler Firmen und durch die fortschreitende Liberalisierung des Welthandels der soziale Frieden gefährdet, der nachhaltige Schutz unserer natürlichen Umwelt in Frage gestellt ist, ja dass die nationale Selbstbestimmung in der Umwelt-, Sozial-und Wirtschaftspolitik unterlaufen wird. Diese Gefahren lassen sich nicht vollständig von der Hand weisen. Einerseits sind multinationale Unternehmungen weitgehend dem Einfluss einzelner Nationalstaaten und damit der heute funktionierenden Form demokratischer Kontrolle entzogen. Andererseits können — mehr noch als schon heute —billigeArbeitskräfte auf die Arbeitsmärkte der industrialisierten Welt drängen. Und schliesslich vermag die zunehmende internationale Verflechtung der Wirtschaft nicht nur den globalen Handel zu beschleunigen, sondern wird auch das Verkehrsaufkommen massiv ansteigen lassen und so eine Erosion von Umweltschutzbestimmungen auslösen
ChemInform Abstract: VACUUM FLASH PYROLYSIS (VFP) OF MALONYL PEROXIDES: DECARBOXYLATION VERSUS DECARBONYLATION OF THE INTERMEDIARY α‐LACTONES (1981)

Abstract Aus Malonsäuren (I) entstehen mit Wasserstoffpersäure die cyclischen Perester (II), die bei der Photolyse oder der Vakuum‐Blitz‐Pyrolyse(VFP) zu den α‐Lactonen (III) und weiter unter CO‐Eliminierung zu den Ketonen (IV) gespalten werden.
A Novel Multicenter Preclinical Drug Screening and Biomarker Consortium for Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: Operation Brain Trauma Therapy (2011)

Kochanek, Patrick M. MD, FCCM; Bramlett, Helen PhD; Dietrich, W. Dalton PhD; Dixon, C. Edward PhD; Hayes, Ronald L. PhD; Povlishock, John PhD; Tortella, Frank C. PhD; Wang, Kevin K. W. PhD Author Information
Coxiella Burnetii Infection is Associated with Placentitis in Cases of Bovine Abortion (2000)

A positive score on a modified acid-fast (MAF)-stained smear test of fresh placenta was used to identify a group of bovine abortion submissions believed to be infected with Coxiella burnetii. Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing for Coxiella and Chlamydia antigens was performed on 14 MAF smear-positive cases as well as 29 MAF smear-negative cases received during the study period. Nine MAF smear-positive cases as well as 1 MAF smear-negative case were Coxiella-positive via the IHC test. No placentas were positive for Chlamydia antigen. Various histopathologic features were categorized for all placentas and the presence or absence of selected risk categories was also graded for each case. The results between Coxiella IHC-positive cases and Coxiella IHC-negative/MAF-negative cases were compared using Fisher's exact test (P value at 95% confidence). Significant associations were found between Coxiella IHC-positive cases and the presence of placental inflammation (P = 0.0027), placental necrosis (P = 0.012), fetal pneumonia (P = 0.0152), and the visibility of Coxiella-like organisms within trophoblasts on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (P < 0.0001). Histopathologic features of Coxiella IHC-positive placentas included infiltration of the chorionic stroma by mononuclear cells, necrosis of chorionic trophoblasts, and focal exudation of fibrin and neutrophils. The results indicate that MAF smears are a good screening tool for the presence of Coxiella in placentas from bovine abortion cases and that the detection of this pathogen in aborted placentas via traditional staining or IHC methods is usually associated with placentitis.
WITHIN-COLONY RELATEDNESS IN A TERMITE SPECIES: GENETIC ROADS TO EUSOCIALITY? (1999)

Abstract Hamilton's theory predicts that relatedness asymmetries, with higher relatedness between alloparents and brood than between parents and brood, favour the evolution of eusociality. The haplodiploid reproductive system of the social Hymenoptera does indeed produce relatedness asymmetries, but the diplodiploid system of the eusocial Isoptera does not automatically do so. Three mechanisms that might favour relatedness asymmetries, and therefore eusociality, in termites have been extensively debated: First, substantial inbreeding generates the background for effective kin-selection. Second, inbreeding-outbreeding cycles within and between colonies cause a higher relatedness between individuals of the same generation than between them and their potential offspring. This would be analogous to the haplodiploid system. Third, translocation complexes of sex-linked chromosomes may generate higher relatedness within sexes than between sexes, again analogous to the haplodiploid system. We tested these three hypotheses for the African termite Schedorhinotermes lamanianus (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) using estimates of within-colony relatedness derived by multilocus DNA fingerprinting with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. We found little support for any of the three hypotheses. We observed inbreeding to occur only during one or a few generations within colonies, which is unlikely to be an operational basis for ongoing kin-selection. Overall, we conclude that ecological factors and constraints must be considered a major selective force.
Signal strength and climate calibration of a European tree‐ring isotope network (2007)

We present the first European network of tree ring δ 13 C and δ 18 O, containing 23 sites from Finland to Morocco. Common climate signals are found over broad climatic‐ecological ranges. In temperate regions we find positive correlations with summer maximum temperatures and negative correlations with summer precipitation and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) with no obvious species‐specific differences. Regional δ 13 C and δ 18 O chronologies share high common variance in year‐to‐year variations. Long‐term variations, however, exhibit differences that may reflect spatial variability in environmental forcings, age trends and/or plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) and climate field correlations enable the identification of four sub‐regions in the δ 18 O network ‐ northern and eastern Central Europe, Scandinavia and the western Mediterranean. Regional patterns in the δ 13 C network are less clear and are timescale dependent. Our results indicate that future reconstruction efforts should concentrate on δ 18 O data in the identified European regions.
Sexual Dimorphism of the Normal Rat Mammary Gland (1991)

Sexual dimorphism is a routinely encountered but previously unreported feature of the normal rat mammary gland. Forty male and 40 female F344 rats, 19 weeks of age, were examined retrospectively to document histologic differences that are very apparent when mammary glands of males and females of the same age are compared. Development of the mammary gland starts in utero, and there is reported to be little morphologic difference between males and females at birth. By 19 weeks of age, however, the differences are very noticeable. The mammary glands of females, comprised of scattered tubular ducts and alveolar structures that have distinct lumina lined, usually, by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium, are characterized as tubuloalveolar. In young males, mammary tissue is generally more florid than in females of the same age. There are, scattered within the hypodermis, larger, more contiguous, lobular groups of cells that are distinct for their lack of obvious tubular or ductal orientation. The cells, arranged into alveoli, are generally characterized by abundant, foamy, eosinophilic cytoplasm containing distinct, variably-sized vacuoles. Alveolar lumina are mostly indistinct but may contain evidence of secretory activity. To emphasize the importance of this difference, selected results of a routine toxicity study are discussed in which the mammary glands of male rats, exposed for 52 weeks to cis-N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4- methyl-aminobenzamide, a reported dopamine antagonist, underwent distinctive histomorphologic changes. As a result of exposure to this compound, the lobuloalveolar structure described as normal for male rats assumed characteristics of a tubuloalveolar morphology indistinguishable from that seen in the unexposed females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Local Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: Correlation of US Features with Prostatic Fossa Biopsy Findings (2001)

Transrectal US is more sensitive but less specific than digital rectal examination in the detection of local recurrence. Biopsy findings in more than half of the suspected lesions at the urethrovesical anastomotic area and bladder neck were positive. Lesions in the retrovesical space, although less frequently encountered, had a high likelihood of representing cancer recurrence.
Avoiding fold bifurcations with the help of new proximity indices (2009)

This work studies the problem of monitoring and avoiding fold (saddle-node) bifurcations of equilibria without solving any difficult optimization problems, such as the closest bifurcation problem. New scalar indices are proposed to monitor the proximity to fold bifurcations. These indices are based on the QR factorization of the Jacobian matrix, and they are directionally differentiable in the interior of the feasibility boundary. This allows us to compute steepest descent directions in the uncontrollable parameter space and steepest ascent directions in the controllable parameter space. The former are used to estimate the distance to the feasibility boundary, while the latter are used by a simple algorithm which designs the controllable parameters in a way that the proximity indices maintain values above a certain threshold, thus avoiding the feasibility boundary. One of the proposed indices is asymptotically linear with respect to the distance to the bifurcation value being approached, resulting in accurate estimates of the distance to the bifurcation.
Sp1‐dependent regulation of Myeloid Elf‐1 like factor in human epithelial cells (2005)

Myeloid Elf-1 like factor (MEF) is an ETS protein, which activates the promoters of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, lysozyme, human beta defensin-2 and perforin. In spite of its many known functions, little is known about MEF transcriptional regulation. Here, we cloned the 5'-flanking region of human MEF gene and identified a TATA-less promoter region at -204/-54 which contains 4 putative binding sites for Sp1, two of which are essential in up-regulating MEF activity. These were proven by EMSA and blocking Sp1 using RNAi or mithramycin A treatment of HEK293 cells. Our results suggest that Sp1 constitutively regulates the MEF gene.
Abnormal Gray Matter Shape, Thickness, and Volume in the Motor Cortico-Subcortical Loop in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Association with Clinical and Motor Features (2017)

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Anatomical gray matter abnormalities in the motor cortico-subcortical loop areas remain under studied in iRBD patients. We acquired T1-weighted images and administrated quantitative motor tasks in 41 patients with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD and 41 healthy subjects. Cortical thickness and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses were performed to investigate local cortical thickness and gray matter volume changes, vertex-based shape analysis to investigate shape of subcortical structures, and structure-based volumetric analyses to investigate volumes of subcortical and brainstem structures. Cortical thickness analysis revealed thinning in iRBD patients in bilateral medial superior frontal, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate cortices, and the right dorsolateral primary motor cortex. VBM results showed lower gray matter volume in iRBD patients in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyri, and caudate nucleus. Shape analysis revealed extensive surface contraction in the external and internal segments of the left pallidum. Clinical and motor impaired features in iRBD were associated with anomalies of the motor cortico-subcortical loop. In summary, iRBD patients showed numerous gray matter structural abnormalities in the motor cortico-subcortical loop, which are associated with lower motor performance and clinical manifestations of iRBD.
Dual-frequency transducer for nonlinear contrast agent imaging (2013)

Detection of high-order nonlinear components issued from microbubbles has emerged as a sensitive method for contrast agent imaging. Nevertheless, the detection of these high-frequency components, including the third, fourth, and fifth harmonics, remains challenging because of the lack of transducer sensitivity and bandwidth. In this context, we propose a new design of imaging transducer based on a simple fabrication process for high-frequency nonlinear imaging. The transducer is composed of two elements: the outer low-frequency (LF) element was centered at 4 MHz and used in transmit mode, whereas the inner high-frequency (HF) element centered at 14 MHz was used in receive mode. The center element was pad-printed using a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) paste. The outer element was molded using a commercial PZT, and curved porous unpoled PZT was used as backing. Each piezoelectric element was characterized to determine the electromechanical performance with thickness coupling factor around 45%. After the assembly of the two transducer elements, hydrophone measurements (electroacoustic responses and radiation patterns) were carried out and demonstrated a large bandwidth (70% at -3 dB) of the HF transducer. Finally, the transducer was evaluated for contrast agent imaging using contrast agent microbubbles. The results showed that harmonic components (up to the sixth harmonic) of the microbubbles were successfully detected. Moreover, images from a flow phantom were acquired and demonstrated the potential of the transducer for high-frequency nonlinear contrast imaging.
SBC Hand: A Lightweight Robotic Hand with an SMA Actuator Array implementing C-segmentation (2007)

This paper presents a lightweight robotic hand that uses an SMA actuator array. The SMA wires are activated via joule heating, implementing SBC. A coordinate transformation architecture which reduces activation signal dimensionality, known as C-segmentation, is presented. A robotic hand with 16 controlled DOF and 32 independent SMA axes was developed to demonstrate the advantages of joule-heated SBC; the total weight of the robotic hand system was less than 800 grams. 16 different grasping postures were successfully recreated by using only 8 C-segments. It was concluded that a very lightweight robotic hand with simple controls can effectively reproduce the necessary configurations for conventional grasping situations.
Estimation and Control of Distributed Models for Certain Elastic Systems Arising in Large Space Structures. (1985)

Abstract : During the reporting period progress was made toward the goal of developing efficient and accurate estimation and control algorithms for elastic structures composed of beams and plates. Specifically, results were obtained that determine necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness in discrete versions of second order elliptic estimation of elastic coefficients for static and dynamic models of beams and plates, the control of the shape of static beams and plates by means of actuators of small support, and the optimal placement of actuators to control the shape of beams and plates. These efforts have produced computer codes on which experimentation is currently being conducted to test methods and algorithms. (Author)
French 19th century contributions to the development of treatments for diphtheria (2011)

Diphtheria most often leads to death if left untreated because of obstruction of the upper airways by an adherent membrane. Pierre-Fidele Bretonneau – who introduced the term diphtheria in 1817 – is usually credited with having documented the first successful use of tracheotomy to relieve laryngeal obstruction caused by the disease. After two unsuccessful operations in 1818 and 1820, his third (done in 1825) was successful. Bretonneau’s pupil, Emile Trousseau, also had two failed operations (in 1826 and 1828) before succeeding in 1831. In 1855, Trousseau reported on the fate of 216 children in whom he had used tracheotomy at the Hopital des EnfantsMalades in Paris. Forty-seven children (22%) had survived, a result that he rated as remarkable given the dire natural history of laryngeal obstruction caused by diphtheria:
Measurement of Vapor and Liquid Properties for Dimethyl ether (DME) and Prediction of Thermophysical Properties using Equation of State (2004)

Using two apparatus developed in this study, P-V-T relation, at 350.00, 360.00, 370.00, 390.00, and 402.00 K, and vapor pressure, in the range from 238.31 to 397.67 K, were measured for dimethyl ether (DME). Based on corresponding state theory, the constants in Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation of state were determined for DME. The calculation results showed good reproducibility for the experimental data of P-V-T relation and vapor pressure. Applying some thermodynamic relations, we predicted not only latent heat of vaporization, isobaric heat capacity, and speed of sound for pure DME but vapor-liquid equilibrium of the binary and ternary mixtures containing DME and light hydrocarbons.
Review Endothelin-like peptides (2005)

Mammalian endothelins (ETs) and snake venom sarafotoxins (SRTXs) comprise structurally and functionally related potent vasoconstrictor isopeptides that act on the vascular system via identical receptors. This similarity is remarkable, since SRTXs are highly toxic components isolated from the venoms of snakes of the genus Atractaspis of the Atractaspididae family, while ETs are endogenous hormones of the mammalian vascular system. Since the fi rst functional and structural description of SRTXs in 1988, the full extent of their nat- ural diversity has become increasingly apparent, and this has led to the characterization of new families of endothe- lin-like peptides. Based on a combination of conventional biochemical approaches and the latest molecular biology and mass spectrometry techniques, this review describes the more recent panel of SRTX isopeptides isolated from various snake species within the Atractaspididae family, but also the similarities and differences that exist between sarafotoxins and endothelins in terms of their metabolism, genetic origin, structure and functional sites.