gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Flexibility of Ultrahigh Efficiency Four-Junction Inverted Metamorphic Solar Cells (2015)

The inverted metamorphic solar cell has highly tunable bandgaps, in part due to the metamorphic subcells. Using phosphide-based compositionally graded buffers, we show a wide variety of GaInAs solar cells, ranging in bandgap from 1.2 to 0.7 eV. These metamorphic subcells are all high quality and can be used for a wide variety of multijunction designs. GaInAs solar cells with 0.70 eV bandgaps are developed using an InAsP buffer that extends beyond the InP lattice constant, allowing access to an additional 2 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of photocurrent at AM1.5D and 25 °C. This subcell is implemented into a four-junction inverted metamorphic solar cell combined with an appropriate antireflective coating, which increases the series-connected multijunction current by 0.5 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with respect to designs using 0.74-eV GaInAs. However, the optimal design depends on the spectrum and operating temperature. We show how the device flexibility can be used to fine-tune the design for various spectra in order to maximize energy yield for a given operating condition. One-sun devices achieve 35.3 ± 1.2% efficiency under the AM0 spectra and 37.8 ± 1.2% efficiency under the global spectra at 25 °C. Concentrator devices designed for elevated operating temperature achieve 45.6 ± 2.3% peak efficiency under 690× the direct spectrum and 45.2 ± 2.3% efficiency at 1000× and 25 °C. Device optimization is performed for the direct spectrum on 1-sun devices with 2% shadowing, which achieve 39.8 ± 1.2% efficiency under the direct spectrum at 1 sun, highlighting the excellent performance and bandgap tunability of the four-junction inverted metamorphic solar cell.
Critical Review on the Relationship between Glaucoma and Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

A third of people affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) have normal or even low intraocular pressure (IOP), such as in the case of normotensive glaucoma and low pressure glaucoma. Therefore, high IOP, while remaining the most important risk factor for POAG development, is not the only one. POAG has been recognized to belong to the class of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s, and several recent studies have suggested possible links between Alzheimer’s and glaucoma both from an epidemiological and a pathogenetic point of view. In fact, several pathogenetic factors are common between the two diseases: the diffuse axonal degeneration of ganglion cells, the presence of specific markers (such as amyloid-?) in the aqueous humor, the activation of caspases and the abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein in retinal ganglion cells, the reduction of the intracranial pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, the mutations of the gene that encodes for optineurine. Conflicting data have been reported concerning apolipoprotein E. Finally, numerous publications affirm the utility of molecules traditionally used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. forskolin, L-carnosine, homotaurine, folic acid, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, antioxidant vitamins, glatiramer acetate, etc.) also in the treatment of glaucoma. In the present research we analyze the common pathogenetic pathways of Alzheimer’s disease and Glaucoma, we discuss the two diseases with respect to their differences and similarities and we speculate about common therapies, based on the similar pathogenetic findings.
Assessment of Existing Alloy 617 Data for Gen IV Materials Handbook (2005)

Activities in preparing existing data on Alloy 617 for the Gen IV Materials Handbook through data mining and assessment are summarized. Status of existing data is reviewed and assessment approaches are discussed. Data classification is used to provide a reference for quality and reliability evaluation. A tracking system is developed so that all data elements can be traced back to their original source for background review whenever needed. To facilitate convenient data processing and future input into the Gen IV Materials Handbook, formats for data editing and compilation are established. Based on their priorities, existing data that are the most germane to the Gen IV nuclear reactor applications are evaluated for their data types, material status, testing conditions and other background information. Acquisition of European data on the alloy for nuclear applications is also reported.
Self-Standing Bioinspired Polymer Films Doped with Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticles as Innovative Antimicrobial Material (2022)

Thin self-standing films with potential antimicrobial synergistic activity have been produced by a simple green chemical synthesis with overnight thermal treatment. Their properties have been studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other techniques to understand their potential range of applications. In this work, the focus was set on the development of a potential novel and effective alternative to conventional antimicrobial materials. By creating an antimicrobial polymer blend, and using it to develop and immobilize fine (~25 nm) silver nanophases, we further aimed to exploit its film-forming properties and create a solid composite material. The resulting polymer matrix showed improved water uptake percentage and better stability in the presence of water. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the films, which is due to both organic and inorganic components, has been evaluated by Kirby-Bauer assay against common foodborne pathogens (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>) and resulted in a clear inhibition zone of 1.2 cm for the most complex nanocomposition. The excellent performance against bacteria of fresh and 6-month-old samples proves the prospects of this material for the development of smart and biodegradable food packaging applications.
Mineralisation of soft and hard tissues and the stability of biofluids (2013)

Evidence is provided from studies on natural and artificial biofluids that the sequestration of amorphous calcium phosphate by peptides or proteins to form nanocluster complexes is of general importance in the control of physiological calcification. A naturally occurring mixture of osteopontin peptides was shown, by light and neutron scattering, to form calcium phosphate nanoclusters with a core-shell structure. In blood serum and stimulated saliva, an invariant calcium phosphate ion activity product was found which corresponds closely in form and magnitude to the ion activity product observed in solutions of these osteopontin nanoclusters. This suggests that types of nanocluster complexes are present in these biofluids as well as in milk. Precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate from artificial blood serum, urine and saliva was determined as a function of pH and the concentration of osteopontin or casein phosphopeptides. The position of the boundary between stability and precipitation was found to agree quantitatively with the theory of nanocluster formation. Artificial biofluids were prepared that closely matched their natural counterparts in calcium and phosphate concentrations, pH, saturation, ionic strength and osmolality. Such fluids, stabilised by a low concentration of sequestering phosphopeptides, were found to be highly stable and may have a number of beneficial applications in medicine.
A novel Mn(II) complex with 3-(2,5-dicarboxyl)-5-carboxylpyridine: Synthesis, crystal structure, and interaction with DNA (2015)

A novel Mn coordination polymer, {[Mn2(L)6] · 2H2O} n , has been synthesized by the reaction of C4H6MnO4 · 4H2O (manganese acetate) with 3-(2,5-dicarboxyl)-5-carboxylpyridine (L). Elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermal analyses, and X-ray single crystal diffraction (CIF file CCDC no. 1061752) were carried out to determine the composition and crystal structure of the complex. The polymer was characterized by UV spectrum, fluorescence spectrum showing that the complex has the ability of interaction with DNA, Gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complex to cleave the HL-60 DNA (HL-60 DNA, which was extracted by ourselves). Further more, the apoptotic test indicates that the complex has an apoptotic effect on JEKO.
Site-specific 5-hydroxytryptophan incorporation into apolipoprotein A-I impairs cholesterol efflux activity and high-density lipoprotein biogenesis (2020)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein constituent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a target of myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidation in the artery wall. In atherosclerotic lesions, apoA-I exhibits marked oxidative modifications at multiple sites, including Trp<sup>72</sup> Site-specific mutagenesis studies have suggested, but have not conclusively shown, that oxidative modification of Trp<sup>72</sup> of apoA-I impairs many atheroprotective properties of this lipoprotein. Herein, we used genetic code expansion technology with an engineered <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> tryptophanyl tRNA-synthetase (Trp-RS):suppressor tRNA pair to insert the noncanonical amino acid 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-OHTrp) at position 72 in recombinant human apoA-I and confirmed site-specific incorporation utilizing MS. In functional characterization studies, 5-OHTrp<sup>72</sup> apoA-I (compared with WT apoA-I) exhibited reduced ABC subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity <i>in vitro</i> (41.73 ± 6.57% inhibition; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, 5-OHTrp<sup>72</sup> apoA-I displayed increased activation and stabilization of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity (μmol/min/mg) when compared with WT apoA-I and comparable PON1 activation/stabilization compared with reconstituted HDL (WT apoA-I, 1.92 ± 0.04; 5-OHTrp<sup>72</sup> apoA-I, 2.35 ± 0.0; and HDL, 2.33 ± 0.1; <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>p</i> < 0.001, and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Following injection into apoA-I-deficient mice, 5-OHTrp<sup>72</sup> apoA-I reached plasma levels comparable with those of native apoA-I yet exhibited significantly reduced (48%; <i>p</i> < 0.01) lipidation and evidence of HDL biogenesis. Collectively, these findings unequivocally reveal that site-specific oxidative modification of apoA-I via 5-OHTrp at Trp<sup>72</sup> impairs cholesterol efflux and the rate-limiting step of HDL biogenesis both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
STD 11 강의 오스테나이트화 온도에 따른 제 특성의 정량 분석 (2017)

The effect of austenitizing temperature on the degree of carbides re-solutionizing, mean graine size, hardness and the volume fraction of retaind austenite (Vγ) etc., has been studied by means of metallography, X-ray diffractometry and hardness measurement in STD 11 tool steel. As austenitizing temperature increases, the amount of alloying elements which is re-dissolved into matrix increases, resulting in increase of Vγ, due to the chemical stabilization of austenite. The Vickers hardness value decreases with increasing austenitizing temperature, which is attributed to grain size as well the volume fractions of Vγ and carbides. Theoretical diffraction intensity of (200) α`, (211) α` (200) γ and (220) γ peaks obtained by CuKα chracteristics X-ray (λ=0.15429 nm) was calculated, and quantitative analysis of Vγ could be carried out by X-ray diffraction method. The resultant value is well coincided with the value obtained by image analysis method. When the quenched specimen is tempered above 200~400˚C for 30 min, the transition carbides i.e., MC and M2C in the size of about 20 nm begin to precipitate at 300˚C.
(Received August 25, 2017; Revised September 1, 2017; Accepted September 6, 2017)
Elections inaDistributed Computing System (1982)

After afailure occurs inadistributed computing system, itisoften necessary toreorganize theactive nodes sothat they can continue toperform auseful task. Thefirst step insuch areorgani- zation orreconfiguration istoelect acoordinator nodetomanage the operation. Thispaper discusses suchelections andreorganizations. Twotypes ofreasonable failure environments arestudied. Foreach environment assertions which define themeaning ofanelection are presented. Anelection algorithm whichsatisfies theassertions is presented foreachenvironment. IndexTerms-Crash recovery, distributed computing systems, elections, failures, mutual exclusion, reorganization. I.INTRODUCTION A DISTRIBUTEDsystem isacollection ofautonomous computing nodes whichcancommunicate witheach other andwhich cooperate onacommongoal ortask (4). For example, thegoal maybetoprovide theuser with adatabase management system, andinthis casethedistributed system iscalled adistributed database (16). Whenanodefails orwhenthecommunication subsystem which allows nodes tocommunicate fails, itisusually necessary forthenodes toadapt tothenewconditions sothat they may continue working ontheir joint goal. Forexample, consider acollection ofnodes which areprocessing sensory dataand trying tolocate amoving object (18). Eachnodehassome sensors which provide itwith alocal viewoftheworld. The nodes exchange data andtogether decide where theobject is located. Ifoneofthenodes ceases tooperate, theremaining nodes should recognize this andmodify their strategy forlo- cating theobject. Anode which neighbors thefailed node could trytocollect sensory data fortheareawhich wasassigned to thefailed node. Another alternative would befor theremaining nodes touseadetection algorithm which isnotvery sensitive toholes intheareabeing studied. Orthenodes could decide toswitch tosuchanalgorithm whenthefailure occurs. If enough nodes fail, theremaining nodes maydecide that they just cannot perform theassigned task, andmayselect anew orbetter suited jobforthemselves. There areatleast twobasic strategies bywhich adistributed system canadapt tofailures. Onestrategy istohavesoftware which canoperate continuously andcorrectly asfailures occur andarerepaired (9). (Intheprevious example, this would correspond tousing analgorithm which candetect theobject evenwhenthere areholes inthedata.) Thesecond alternative istotemporarily halt normal operation andtotake sometime Manuscript received January 7,1981;revised July 17,1981. This workwas supported inpart bytheNational Science Foundation under Grant ECS-
A 19-mW 2.6-mm/sup 2/ L1/L2 dual-band CMOS GPS receiver (2005)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an L1/L2 dual-band global positioning system (GPS) receiver. Dual-conversion with a low-IF architecture was used for dual-band operation. The receiver is composed of an RF preamplifier, down-conversion mixers, a variable-gain channel filter, a 2-bit analog-to-digital converter, and the full phase-locked-loop synthesizer including an on-chip voltage controlled oscillator. Fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the receiver exhibits maximum gain of 95 dB and noise figures of 8.5 and 7.5 dB for L1 and L2, respectively. An on-chip variable-gain channel filter provides IF image rejection of 20 dB and gain control range over 60 dB. The receiver consumes 19 mW from a 1.8-V supply while occupying a 2.6-mm/sup 2/ die area including the ESD I/O pads.
Single-vessel revascularisation using robotically enhanced minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (ENDO-MIDCAB) compared to open offpump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) (2013)

Objectives: Robotically enhanced surgery allows for minimally invasive harvest of the left internal mammarian artery (LIMA) without rib spreading. Here we describe our experiences using the robotic da Vinci system for coronary artery bypass surgery with limited incision (ENDO-MIDCAB) in comparison to offpump coronary artery bypass surgery using median sternotomy (OPCAB) for single-vessel-revascularisation.
Rate-Flexible Optical CDMA Networks Based on Coherent Modulation Formats (2020)

Coherent techniques in optical access networks might become a major paradigm shift since the introduction of fiber-optic communications due to recent advances in coherent optical technology. In this paper, we propose, design, and assess the performance of coherent access networks based on optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) considering three distinct coherent modulation formats, namely, binary phase-shift keying, quadrature phase-shift keying, and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation. We design a flexible network architecture based on these coherent modulation formats to provide either single rate transmissions or multiple data rate transmissions. In this way, the network supports rate-flexible services with all user classes transmitting at the same rate or classes of users transmitting at different data rates. We derive new closed-form bit error rate expressions to assess the performance of the rate-flexible coherent OCDMA network. Results shown that rate-flexible data traffic from different user classes can coexist almost transparently in terms of network performance. The rate-flexible OCDMA network might be a prospective alternative for implementing coherent access networks with modulation formats as a service according to different traffic demand requirements while supporting high capacity, security, and numbers of users.
5‐HTTLPR genotype and anxiety‐related personality traits: A meta‐analysis and new data (2008)

We investigated the strength of evidence for association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the personality trait of Harm Avoidance. We used new primary data from a large sample of adults drawn from the Finnish population. We also applied meta-analytic techniques to synthesize existing published data. The large number of studies of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism allowed us to apply a formal test of publication bias, as well as formally investigate the impact of potential moderating factors such as measurement instrument. Univariate ANOVA of primary data (n = 3,872), with 5-HTTLPR genotype as a between-groups factor, indicated no evidence of association with Harm Avoidance (P = 0.99). Meta-analysis indicated no evidence of significant association of 5-HTTLPR with Harm Avoidance (d = 0.02, P = 0.37), or EPQ Neuroticism (d = 0.01, P = 0.71), although there was evidence of association with NEO Neuroticism (d = 0.18, P < 0.001). Our analyses indicate that the 5-HTTLPR variant is not associated with Harm Avoidance. Together with our previous analyses of a large sample of participants with extreme Neuroticism scores (defined by the EPQ), we have data that excludes a meaningful genetic effect of the 5-HTTLPR on two measures of anxiety-related personality traits. There remains the possibility that the variant influences the NEO personality questionnaire measure of Neuroticism. However, a large, well-powered primary study is required to test this hypothesis directly and adequately.
Finite Element Analysis of AC Losses in Pancake Coils Wound Using Two-Ply Bundle Conductor (2022)

AC losses in stacked bundle conductors exposed to external magnetic fields are numerically evaluated using a two-dimensional finite element method formulated with a self-magnetic field owing to currents induced in an analysis region. The bundle conductor is composed of two pieces of (Re)BCO coated conductors without electrical insulation to improve the thermal stability. In the analysis models, an idealized copper layer is sandwiched between a pair of superconducting layers in every bundle conductor. The external magnetic fields are increased monotonically from zero to simulate the electromagnetic responses in parts of a single pancake coil for a high field magnet. To understand only the geometrical effect on AC loss, the superconductors are assumed to be subject to the Bean model, in which the critical current density is independent of the local magnetic field. The influences of the number of bundle conductors, gap between bundle conductors, and applied angle of the magnetic field on AC loss are investigated.
Incorporation of Phase Change Materials into Fibers for Sustainable Thermal Energy Storage (2021)

Effective thermal modulation and storage are important aspects of efforts to improve energy efficiency across all sectors. Phase change materials (PCMs) can act as effective heat reservoirs due to the high latent heat associated with the phase change process (typically a solid–liquid transition). PCMs have been developed and integrated into various platforms such as building materials, gas sorbents/separators, and consumer products. Polymer fibers offer distinct benefits over other structures since they can be solution-processed and produced at enormous scales. In this work, we fabricate polymer fibers that possess high loadings (up to 80 wt %) of microencapsulated PCMs (μPCMs) to provide sufficient heat storage capacity. We focus on the solution spinning of cellulose due to its eco-friendly characteristics, low cost, and superior mechanical stability. We incorporate μPCMs into polymer dopes (e.g., cellulose acetate, polyethersulfone, cellulose), and μPCM-polymer fibers are then spun via solution-spinning processes. The thermal response behaviors of μPCM-polymer fibers were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and no damage to μPCMs during the fiber spinning was observed. Additionally, no degradation of the PCM was observed after several freeze/melt cycles. The loading amount of μPCMs in fibers can be obtained up to 80 wt %, and around 95% of thermal storage capacities are retained in the fiber after the fabrication process. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that there is a trade-off between the mechanical stability of μPCM-polymer fibers and loading amount of μPCMs; thus, optimization of the μPCM loading is required to meet application-specific mechanical stability. We expect that our engineered μPCM-polymer fibers can be applied to a smart thermal energy storage material that enables effective heat management.
Guest-Induced Gate Opening and Breathing Phenomena in Soft Porous Crystals: Building Thermodynamically Consistent Isotherms (2011)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a novel and fascinating family of porous materials offering promising perspectives for designing tailor-made adsorbents and catalysts. Particularly, great attention has been paid to flexible nanoporous MOFs (or Soft Porous Crystals) displaying structural phase transitions promoted by external stimuli. This is the case of guest-induced structural transitions upon adsorption being at the origin of the striking gate opening and breathing phenomena. We present here a short overview of the formulation of thermodynamic isotherms for describing S-shaped adsorption/desorption curves typical of such phenomena, as well as recent thermodynamic methods for estimating phase transition energies. These methods might be valuable for the rational design of gate opening/breathing MOFs.