gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating access to energy services: Way forward (2017)

As nearly a fifth of the world's population still lives without access to electricity and double that number with no access to modern cooking technologies, both public and private sector players have invested resources in developing infrastructure to address this energy gap. While there have been exceptional cases like China, Vietnam and Brazil, where the public sector led grid expansion achieved incredible gains in expanding access as to electricity, the general trend over the years in most developing countries has demonstrated that both public and private led approaches have been unsuccessful in independently yielding the desired acceleration and continuity to deliver universal energy access. Despite the inherent benefits of both public and private sector led initiatives, typical systemic inefficiencies and inadequate capacities in both approaches prevent them from fully addressing the principal objective of facilitating energy access for the poor in the long term. Also, even if required investments were adequately capitalized, with the current population growth rate continually outpacing the rate of interventions, the number of people who remained energy poor 15 years hence, would still be the same. Thus, not only is there is a need for providing energy access to the existing population mass, but an equal need to do it fast enough to truly reduce the number of energy poor across the globe. An alternative approach therefore needs to be explored that juxtaposes the social welfare objectives of public sector led initiatives with the enterprise development and growth objectives of the private sector, to support the creation of an enabling ecosystem and a viable value chain that successfully and effectively delivers energy solutions to the last mile. Such a pro-poor hybrid model will essentially address the inefficiencies and inadequacies of both public and private approaches and capitalize on their strengths through a complementary mix of social and commercial goals. The model facilitates collaborations at the corporate, institutional and individual levels to drive individual parts of a unified energy provisioning system, making it adaptable, dynamic, flexible and manoeuvrable within structures, relationships and entities. Policy level support and accompanying regulatory frameworks are critical for clear role definitions, proper planning and execution.
Unprecedented transformation of a vinylidene ligand. Synthesis and ESR characterization of a paramagnetic .sigma.-acetylide complex of rhodium(II) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnprecedented transformation of a vinylidene ligand. Synthesis and ESR characterization of a paramagnetic .sigma.-acetylide complex of rhodium(II)Claudio Bianchini, Franco Laschi, Francesca Ottaviani, Maurizio Peruzzini, and Piero ZanelloCite this: Organometallics 1988, 7, 7, 1660–1661Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00097a035https://doi.org/10.1021/om00097a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectrum of a frequency modulated pulse width modulation signal (2013)

Abstract In power electronics, the switching elements are controlled by pulse width modulated (PWM) signals making their currents on and off repeatedly. This might cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems especially in switched mode power supplies. One method for mitigating the EMI is to use the frequency modulation technique in the control signal of the switching metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor. According to this approach, frequency of the PWM signal is modulated in order to spread its spectrum and hence reduce the EMI levels. This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the spectrum of a frequency modulated PWM signal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Finite element based optimal design approach for high voltage pulse transformers (2013)

This paper presents an optimal design methodology of monolithic high voltage pulse transformers based on the direct 2D FEA identification of the electrical equivalent circuit parameters. This method is applied to the preliminary optimal design of the monolithic high voltage pulse transformer for the future CLIC modulators under study at CERN. The feasibility of such a transformer with tight specifications is demonstrated. The predicted performances obtained with the direct 2D FEA optimization process is validated by 3D FEA simulation.
[Synthesis and biological properties of various amino alcohol derivatives of xanthone]. (1989)

In the search for pharmacologically active derivatives of xanthone there were obtained amino alcohol derivatives of 2 methylxanthone (I-V). Effects of compounds Ia, IIa, III and IVa on the circulatory system were investigated.
Lung-protective ventilation strategies in acute lung injury (2003)

Evidence supports the use of a volume- and pressure-limited approach to mechanical ventilation in patients with acute lung injury. It is not yet clear whether the open-lung approach will further reduce mortality in patients receiving volume- and pressure-limited ventilation support.
Enhanced Thermal Properties of Silicone Composites with Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2020)

In this study, silicone rubber an electrically insulating material is filled with, nanofiller; hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and micro-silica in three varying concentrations. The micro-silica is industrially preferred and widely used filler, whereas; h-BN is expensive and preferred for specialty applications. The fillers are added to silicone rubber using an electrostatic disperser which aids in homogenizing the filler-polymer mixture by means of shearing force along with elongation. The dispersion of fillers in the silicone matrix is studied using scanning electron microscope. The performance of synthesized silicone composites are evaluated using tensile strength, percent elongation at break, and erosion.
Two-photon spectroscopy of the 5p56p gerade states of Xe2 (1989)

Two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization spectra of jet cooled Xe2, in the region of the Xe* 6p states between 70 000 and 80 000 cm−1, are reported. A new progression, near Xe* 6p[3/2]2, has been analyzed which is both vibrationally and isotopically resolved. Unambiguous assignment of upper state vibrational quantum numbers has resulted in precise molecular constants for the excited state. The transition has been assigned to 1g←0+g using ab initio potential curves. Implications concerning the often used ΔΩ=0 ‘‘propensity rule’’ are discussed.
Synthetic skull bone defects for automatic patient-specific craniofacial implant design (2021)

Patient-specific craniofacial implants are used to repair skull bone defects after trauma or surgery. Currently, cranial implants are designed and produced by third-party suppliers, which is usually time-consuming and expensive. Recent advances in additive manufacturing made the in-hospital or in-operation-room fabrication of personalized implants feasible. However, the implants are still manufactured by external companies. To facilitate an optimized workflow, fast and automatic implant manufacturing is highly desirable. Data-driven approaches, such as deep learning, show currently great potential towards automatic implant design. However, a considerable amount of data is needed to train such algorithms, which is, especially in the medical domain, often a bottleneck. Therefore, we present CT-imaging data of the craniofacial complex from 24 patients, in which we injected various artificial cranial defects, resulting in 240 data pairs and 240 corresponding implants. Based on this work, automatic implant design and manufacturing processes can be trained. Additionally, the data of this work build a solid base for researchers to work on automatic cranial implant designs.
Role of linear and cubic terms for drift-induced Dresselhaus spin-orbit splitting in a two-dimensional electron gas (2010)

The Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of a series of two-dimensional electron gases hosted in GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs (001) quantum wells (QWs) is measured by monitoring the precession frequency of the spins as a function of an in-plane electric field. The measured spin-orbit-induced spin splitting is linear in the drift velocity, even in the regime where the cubic Dresselhaus SOI is important. We relate the measured splitting to the Dresselhaus coupling parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the QW confinement, the Fermi wave number ${k}_{\text{F}}$, and strain effects. From this, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is determined quantitatively, including its sign.
Microwave breast tumor detection: antenna design and characterization (2002)

Microwave detection of cancerous tumors has been of great interest as an alternative or a complementary method to ionizing radiation methods such as computed tomography or mammography. Microwave imaging of the human body or its parts has been investigated over a considerable period of time. Limited detection capabilities and computational complexities hamper practical implementation and the promise of clinical use of these techniques. Among various non-superficial tumors, breast cancer tissue has significantly different electrical properties at microwave frequencies from those of healthy tissue. This feature resulted in a very promising approach to cancer detection. Furthermore, this new approach avoids many complexities of microwave imaging. It involves the identification of regions of increased scatter as opposed to directly imaging tissue electrical properties. The identification is based on techniques previously used in ground penetrating radar with suitable modifications. In our research, we have further explored this means of breast tumor detection, but with a considerably different system configuration and signal processing. Our approach appears more amenable to practical implementation, and the preliminary evaluation yielded encouraging results (Fear and Stuchly 1999). In this contribution several antenna designs are evaluated for effective radiation of the ultrawideband pulse which is used for tumor detection.
Effects of peripheral CCK receptor blockade on food intake in rats (2003)

Type A cholecystokinin receptor (CCKAR) antagonists differing in blood-brain barrier permeability were used to test the hypothesis that satiety is mediated, in part, by CCK action at CCKARs located peripheral to the blood-brain barrier. At dark onset, non-food-deprived rats received a bolus injection of devazepide (2.5 μmol/kg iv), a 3-h infusion of A-70104 (1 or 3 μmol·kg - 1 ·h - 1 iv), or vehicle either alone or coadministered with a 3-h infusion of CCK-8 (10 nmol·kg - 1 ·h - 1 iv) or a 2-h intragastric infusion of peptone (1 g/h). Food intake was determined from continuous computer recordings of changes in food bowl weight. Devazepide penetrates the blood-brain barrier; A-70104, the dicyclohexylammonium salt of N α -3-quinolinoyl-d-Glu- N,N-dipentylamide (A-65186), does not. CCK-8 inhibited 3-h food intake by more than 50% and both A-70104 and devazepide abolished this response. A-70104 and devazepide stimulated food intake and similarly attenuated the anorexic response to intragastric infusion of peptone. Thus endogenous CCK appears to act, in part, at CCKARs peripheral to the blood-brain barrier to inhibit food intake.
Electrical resistivity and conductivity of greases : an initial study (2000)

Investigations of railway wagons fitted with rolling-element bearings have shown damage to the bearings from the passage of electric current. This also occurs in railway wagons without an electric energy consumption of their own, because of residual currents from electric locomotives. This phenomenon gives rise to technical, financial, and even safety problems. This paper reviews research in the field of rolling-element bearings exposed to electric currents. The paper also reports on an ongoing study undertaken to understand the mechanism of current flow and the role of lubricants in the associated damage, and to identify the possibilities of minimising bearing damage. The obvious solution to this problem is to use optimised greases, i.e., with high electrical conductivity and good lubricating ability.

In the preliminary work reported here a number of greases for railway use were tested to determine their electrical conductivity in static and dynamic situations. These tests were performed using specially designed apparatus, and significant initial information about the electrical properties of greases has been obtained in this research, for example, that there is a correlation between the electrical conductance under static and dynamic conditions. All the greases tested showed comparatively high resistivity values, which could be one explanation for the bearing damage observed.
Single-stage Anterior-posterior Decompression and Stabilization with Instrumentation for Cervical Spine Disorders (2009)

症に対し本術式を行った 4 例を対象とした．全例女性， 手術時年齢は 50-64 歳(平均 57 歳) ，術後観察期間は 4-55 カ月であった． 手術は前方プレート固定を併用した前方除圧固定術 (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion；ACDF)を先行 させ，次いで行った後方(除圧)固定には C3-6 に側塊 スクリュー(lateral mass screw；LMS) ，C7，T1 は椎弓 根スクリュー(pedicle screw；PS)を用い，自家骨移植 を行った．頸椎 alignment の再建や instrumentation の使 用は X 線透視下に行い，ナビゲーションシステムは後方 スクリュー固定のプランニングのみに使用し，多椎間固 定には左右のロッド間に cross connector を併用した．
Extending the Framework of Equilibrium Propagation to General Dynamics (2018)

The biological plausibility of the backpropagation algorithm has long been doubted by neuroscientists. Two major reasons are that neurons would need to send two different types of signal in the forward and backward phases, and that pairs of neurons would need to communicate through symmetric bidirectional connections. We present a simple two-phase learning procedure for fixed point recurrent networks that addresses both these issues. In our model, neurons perform leaky integration and synaptic weights are updated through a local mechanism. Our learning method extends the framework of Equilibrium Propagation to general dynamics, relaxing the requirement of an energy function. As a consequence of this generalization, the algorithm does not compute the true gradient of the objective function, but rather approximates it at a precision which is proven to be directly related to the degree of symmetry of the feedforward and feedback weights. We show experimentally that the intrinsic properties of the system lead to alignment of the feedforward and feedback weights, and that our algorithm optimizes the objective function.
EFECCT OF POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE (KCNS) ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND THYROID FUNCTION IN THE ALBINO RAT (1965)

Journal Article Efecct of Potassium Thiocyanate (Kcns) on Blood Pressure and Thyroid Function in the Albino Rat Get access W de Jong, W de Jong Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Utrecht, Vondellaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D de Wied D de Wied Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Utrecht, Vondellaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 49, Issue 3_Supplement, Aug 1965, Page S186, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.049S186 Published: 01 August 1965
Retrograde cartilage transplantation on the proximal and distal tibia (2004)

The authors, with experience with more than 400 osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS) cases since 1996, report a new technique of a retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantation for the treatment of isolated osteochondral lesions of the proximal and the distal tibia started in 1999. We treated 5 patients, 3 who presented with painful traumatic chondral defects in the central weight-bearing portion of the tibial plateau (1 in the medial and 2 in the lateral compartment), and 2 who presented with painful chondral lesions on the distal tibia. An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) drill guide positioned in the center of the defect was used to accurately prepare the cartilage surface, in one case arthroscopically and in 4 cases through an open incision. A guide-wire was introduced and drilled through the tibia, and a cannulated reamer equal to the diameter of the defect was advanced. An osteochondral cylinder was harvested from the non-weight-bearing zone of the femoral trochlea at the angle that corresponded to the angle on the ACL drill guide. The autograft was inserted in a retrograde fashion from the cortical window into the tibial tunnel to be flush with the articular surface in press-fit technique. The remaining tunnel defect between the cortical window on the tibia and the distal aspect of the autograft was filled with a cancellous bony cylinder and secured with a diagonal bioabsorbable screw. A concomitant varus deformity with the lesion on the medial tibial plateau was corrected in the same surgery using a high tibial osteotomy to relieve stress on the graft. Patients were followed up for 6 to 35 months. A complete healing of the grafts was seen in control magnetic resonance images (MRIs). All patients were satisfied with the surgery. Control arthroscopies showed the osteochondral cylinders well integrated and flush with the articular surface.
How to accelerate the supply of vaccines to all populations worldwide? Part I: Initial industry lessons learned and practical overarching proposals leveraging the COVID-19 situation (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown itself to be an unprecedented challenge for vaccines which are widely recognized as the most important tool to exit this pandemic. We have witnessed vaccine scientists, developers, manufacturers, and stakeholders deliver several vaccines in just about a year. This is an unprecedented achievement in an environment that was not ready to manage such a global public health crisis. Indeed, the pandemic has highlighted some hurdles that need to be addressed in the system in order to streamline the regulatory processes and be in a situation where life-saving pharmaceutical solutions such as vaccines can be delivered quickly and equitably to people across the globe. More precisely, trade-offs had to be made between the need for regulatory flexibility in the requirements for manufacturing and controls to enable rapid availability of large volumes of vaccines vs the increased stringency and the lack of harmonization in the regulatory environment for vaccines globally. It is also characterized by a high heterogeneity in terms of review and approval processes, limiting equitable and timely access. We review and highlight the challenges relating to several topics, including process validation, comparability, stability, post-approval-changes, release testing, packaging, genetically modified organisms and variants. We see four areas for accelerating access to vaccines which provide solutions for the regulatory concerns, (1) science- and risk-based approaches, (2) global regulatory harmonization, (3) use of reliance, work-sharing, and recognition processes and (4) digitalization. These solutions are not new and have been previously highlighted. In recent months, we have seen some progress at the health authority level, but still much needs to be done. It is now time to reflect on the first lessons learnt from a devastating pandemic to ultimately ensure quick and wide access to medicines and vaccines for the citizens and patients.
[Studies on chemical constituents of Gynostemma compressum]. (1993)

Four new saponins, gycomoside I-IV, were isolated from the aerial part of Gynostemma compressum X.X. Chen et D.R. Liang. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidences as 1 beta,3 beta,12 beta,20(S),26-pentahydroxy-dammar- 24(25)-en-20(S)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl1-6--beta-D-glucopyranoside (gycomoside I); 1 beta,3 beta,12 beta,20(S)-tetrahydroxy-dammar-24(25)-en-3-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl1-6--beta-D-glu copyranoside (gycomoside II); 1 beta,3 beta,12 beta,20(S), 26-pentahydroxy-dammar-24(25)-en-20(S)-O- beta-D-glucopyranoside (gycomoside III) and 1 beta,3 beta,12 beta,20(S),26-pentahydroxy-dammar-24(25)- en-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl1-6--bet a-D-glucopyranoside (gycomoside IV).
Synergistic Effect of Mixed Bases in the Conversion of Cotton Cellulose I to Cellulose II (1969)

Several aqueous bases were found which swell cotton yarn greatly, but, after their removal from the cotton, leave the x-ray diffraction pattern unchanged from that of native cellulose I. Such bases include 9.5% lithium hydroxide and 35% benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. However, the addition of as little as 1.5% lithium hydroxide or 5% sodium hydroxide, to the benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide causes substantial conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II. This synergistic effect is attributed to the decrystallizing action of the organic base which, by breaking down the cellulose I lattice, facilitates the action of lithium, sodium, and potassium hydroxides in forming alkali cellulose lattices leading to cellulose II. Rubidium and cesium hydroxides failed to produce this effect when added to the organic base. Cellulose swelling, decrystallization, and recrystallization appear to be distinct steps in lattice conversion. These steps may present greatly different requirements as to optimum cation size and coordination, such requirements being more readily met by mixtures of cations than by any one species. In the absence of the quaternary base, but at alkali concentrations giving maximum fiber swelling, no lattice conversion was produced by lithium or cesium hydroxides, a high degree of conversion occurred with sodium hydroxide, and the other alkalies were intermediate in effect. The strength, elongation, energy-to-rupture, and tenacity of treated yarns varied greatly with the cations present in the alkali. In contrast to yarn, fiber bundles underwent slow and partial conversion to cellulose II by the quaternary base.