gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of benzopyrone derivatives on simultaneously induced croton oil ear oedema and carrageenin paw oedema in rats. (1991)

Carrageenin paw oedema and croton oil ear oedema induced simultaneously in rats are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner and to statistically significant degrees by lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-blocker flavonoids (diosmin, fisetin, quercetin, myricetin, galangin, sophoricoside, hesperidin-methylchalcone, oligomeric procyanidin, anthocyanidins (delphinidin, pelargonidin], and the prostaglandin antagonist polyphloretin phosphate and di-4-phloretin phosphate. Outstanding anti-inflammatory effects are displayed by myricetin and delphinidin, which contain vicinal hydroxy groups in ring B. The results confirm the importance of hydroxy group substitution in ring B. The most effective of the examined substances proved to be the prostaglandin antagonist di-4-phloretin phosphate.
Magnetic-Bottle Electron Spectrometer For Measuring Isolated 25 as Pulses (2010)

A magnetic-bottle electron energy spectrometer was designed and constructed to measure a 25 as XUV pulse. Numerical simulations and experimental results showed the spectrometer is capable to meet the energy resolution required by such measurements.
Allosteric Inhibition of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Oligomerization: Strategies and Challenges for Drug Development (2014)

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate a large number of biological pathways and are major therapeutic targets. One of the most exiting phenomena of GPCRs is their ability to interact with other GPCRs. GPCRGPCR interactions, also known as GPCR oligomerization, may create various functional entities such as homo- and heterodimers and also form complex multimeric GPCR clusters. In many biological systems, GPCR-GPCR interactions are crucial for signal regulation. The interaction with other receptors results in allosteric modifications of GPCRs through conformational changes. Allosteric inhibition of GPCRs is considered an attractive strategy for drug development and does not involve targeting the orthosteric site. Understanding the nature of GPCR-GPCR interactions is mandatory for developing allosteric inhibitors. Studying GPCR-GPCR interactions is a challenging task and many methods have been developed to analyze these events. This review will highlight some of the methods developed to study GPCR-GPCR interactions and will describe pivotal studies that provided the basic understanding of the importance of GPCR oligomerization. We will also describe the significance of GPCR interaction networks for drug development. Recent studies will be reviewed to illustrate the use of state-of-the-art biophysical and spectroscopic methods for the discovery of GPCR oligomerization modulators.
Multi-Armed Bandits on Partially Revealed Unit Interval Graphs (2019)

A stochastic multi-armed bandit problem with side information on the similarity and dissimilarity across different arms is considered. The action space of the problem can be represented by a unit interval graph (UIG) where each node represents an arm and the presence (absence) of an edge between two nodes indicates similarity (dissimilarity) between their mean rewards. Two settings of complete and partial side information based on whether the UIG is fully revealed are studied and a general two-step learning structure consisting of an offline reduction of the action space and online aggregation of reward observations from similar arms is proposed to fully exploit the topological structure of the side information. In both cases, the computation efficiency and the order optimality of the proposed learning policies in terms of both the size of the action space and the time length are established.
Small (< or = 3-cm) renal masses: detection with CT versus US and pathologic correlation. (1996)

A substantial proportion of lesions under 1 cm were not detected with either modality. Neither CT nor US was superior in the characterization of lesions 3 cm or less. CT and particularly US screening studies in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease should be interpreted cautiously because missed or mischaracterized small renal lesions are a frequent problem in these patients.
Efficient N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed O- to C-Acyl Transfer (2006)

[reaction: see text] An N-heterocyclic carbene promotes the rearrangement of alpha-amino acid derived O-acyl carbonates to their corresponding C-acylated isomers, generating a C-C bond and a quaternary stereocenter with high efficiency, under mild reaction conditions and with low catalyst loadings.
Isolation and purification of canthaxanthin from the microalga Chlorella zofingiensis by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (2006)

Certain microalgae are considered to be a potential source of canthaxanthin, which possesses strong antioxidant and anticancer activities. A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the separation and purification of canthaxanthin from the microalga Chlorella zofingiensis. The crude canthaxanthin was obtained by extraction with organic solvents after the microalgal sample had been saponified. Preparative HSCCC, with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethanol-water (10:9:1 v/v), was successfully performed yielding canthaxanthin at 98.7% purity from 150 mg of the crude extract (2.1% canthaxanthin) in a one-step separation. The recovery of canthaxanthin was 92.3%. This was the first report that canthaxanthin was successfully separated and purified from microalgae.
Role of radiation-hard solar cells in minimizing the costs of global satellite communication systems (1996)

An analysis embodied in a personal computer program is presented, which quantitatively demonstrates how the availability of radiation hard-solar cells can help to minimize the cost of a global satellite communication system. An important distinction between the currently proposed systems, such as Iridium, Odyssey and Ellipsat, is the number of satellites employed and their operating altitudes. Analysis of the major costs associated with implementing these systems shows that operation at orbital altitudes within the Earth's radiation belts (103–104 km) can reduce the total cost of a system by several hundred per cent,1,2 so long as radiation-hard components, including solar cells, can be used. A detailed evaluation of the predicted performance of photovoltaic arrays using several different planar solar cell technologies is given, including commercially available Si and GaAs/Ge, and InP/Si which is currently under development. Several examples of applying the program are given, which show that the end-of-life (EOL) power density of different technologies can vary by a factor of ten for certain missions. Therefore, although a relatively radiation-soft technology can usually provide the required EOL power by simply increasing the size of the array, the impact upon the total system budget could be unacceptable, due to increased launch and hardware costs. In aggregate, these factors can account for more than a 10% increase in the total system cost. Because the estimated total costs of proposed global-coverage systems range from $1 billion to $9 billion, the availability of radiaton-hard solar cells could make a decisive difference in the selection of a particular constellation architecture.
Recent advances in coastal surveillance by HF SWR in Germany (2012)

The radar group at Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg (HSU) is working in the field of coastal and mobile HF surface wave radar (SWR) since 2009. Supported by the Bundeswehr Technical Centre for Ships and Naval Weapons (WTD 71) in Eckernforde new signal processing techniques for clutter suppression and enhanced ship detection have been developed and tested. Furthermore the first compact WERA system based on MIMO beamforming has been build and evaluated together with Helzel Messtechnik GmbH and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. (5 pages)
Acute Gastrocnemius-Soleus Complex Injuries in National Football League Athletes (2017)

Although less common than hamstring or quadriceps muscle injuries, calf muscle injuries occur with relative frequency in the NFL, and more so in defensive players. The majority of these injuries occur in the gastrocnemius and result in significant disability, with at least 2 weeks of missed playing time on average. MRI may have an important role in the evaluation of calf injuries in NFL players, as certain injury imaging characteristics, including the anteroposterior size of any fascial tear and the presence of a fluid collection, are associated with longer return-to-play times after injury.
Verification and quality control of routine hematology analyzers (2016)

Verification of hematology analyzers (automated blood cell counters) is mandatory before new hematology analyzers may be used in routine clinical care. The verification process consists of several items which comprise among others: precision, accuracy, comparability, carryover, background and linearity throughout the expected range of results. Yet, which standard should be met or which verification limit be used is at the discretion of the laboratory specialist. This paper offers practical guidance on verification and quality control of automated hematology analyzers and provides an expert opinion on the performance standard that should be met by the contemporary generation of hematology analyzers. Therefore (i) the state-of-the-art performance of hematology analyzers for complete blood count parameters is summarized, (ii) considerations, challenges, and pitfalls concerning the development of a verification plan are discussed, (iii) guidance is given regarding the establishment of reference intervals, and (iv) different methods on quality control of hematology analyzers are reviewed.
Physically crosslinked composite hydrogels of PVA with natural macromolecules: Structure, mechanical properties, and endothelial cell compatibility (2009)

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have been considered potentially suitable for applications as engineered blood vessels because of their structure and mechanical properties. However, PVA's hydrophilicity hinders its capacity to act as a substrate for cell attachment. As a remedy, PVA was blended with chitosan, gelatin, or starch, and hydrogels were formed by subjecting the solutions to freeze-thaw cycles followed by coagulation bath immersion. The structure-property relationships for these hydrogels were examined by measurement of their swelling, rehydration, degradation, and mechanical properties. For the case of pure PVA hydrogels, the equilibrium swelling ratio was used to predict the effect of freeze thaw cycles and coagulation bath on average molecular weights between crosslinks and on mesh size. For all hydrogels, trends for the reswelling ratio, which is indicative of the crosslinked polymer fraction, were consistent with relative tensile properties. The coagulation bath treatment increased the degradation resistance of the hydrogels significantly. The suitability of each hydrogel for cell attachment and proliferation was examined by protein adsorption and bovine vascular endothelial cell culture experiments. Protein adsorption and cell proliferation was highest on the PVA/gelatin hydrogels. This study demonstrates that the potential of PVA hydrogels for artificial blood vessel applications can be improved by the addition of natural polymers, and that freeze-thawing and coagulation bath treatment can be utilized for fine adjustment of the physical characteristics.
18F Fluorocholine PET/MR Imaging in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Inconclusive Conventional Imaging: A Prospective Pilot Study (2017)

Purpose To investigate the performance of flourine 18 (<sup>18</sup>F) fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with hyperparathyroidism and nonlocalized disease who have negative or inconclusive results at ultrasonography (US) and technetium 99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) sestamibi scintigraphy. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board. Between May and December 2015, 10 patients (mean age, 70.4 years; range, 58-82 years) with biochemical primary hyperparathyroidism and inconclusive results at US and <sup>99m</sup>Tc sestamibi scintigraphy were prospectively enrolled. All patients gave informed consent. Directly after administration of 3 MBq/kg of FCH, PET imaging was performed, followed by T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging before and after gadolinium enhancement. Intraoperative localization and histologic results were the reference standard for calculating sensitivity and positive predictive value. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to calculate the mean difference in maximum standardized uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub>) between abnormal parathyroid uptake and physiologic thyroid uptake. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed. Results MR imaging alone showed true-positive lesions in five patients and a false-positive lesion in one patient. FCH PET/MR imaging allowed correct localization of nine of 10 adenomas (90% sensitivity), without any false-positive results (100% positive predictive value). One patient had four-gland hyperplasia, of which three hyperplastic glands were not localized. The median SUV<sub>max</sub> of the nine preoperatively identified adenomas was 4.9 (interquartile range, 2.45-7.35), which was significantly higher than the SUV, 2.7 (interquartile range, 1.6-3.8), of the thyroid (P = .008). Conclusion FCH PET/MR imaging allowed localization of adenomas with high accuracy when conventional imaging results were inconclusive and provided detailed anatomic information. More patients must be examined to confirm our initial results, and the accuracy of FCH PET/MR imaging for localization of glands in patients with four-gland hyperplasia remains to be investigated. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017.
Active Sites for Hydrogen Dissociation over TiOx/Au(111) Surfaces (2011)

We carried out H2–D2 exchange reactions over TiOx/Au(111) (x = 0–2) model surfaces to clarify the active sites for hydrogen dissociation over the Au/TiO2 catalyst. Ti oxides with controlled oxidation states were prepared on the Au(111) surface by regulation of O2 exposure and temperature. The HD formation rate depended on the concentration of TiO2 over Au(111), indicating that hydrogen dissociation sites were created between the stoichiometric TiO2 and Au. Atomic force microscopy observations indicated that the number of monolayer TiO2 islands with diameters of about 20 nm increased with increasing Ti coverage below ΘTi = 0.65 and that as ΘTi was increased further, a TiO2 multilayer began to form over Au(111). The turnover frequencies for HD formation over the TiO2/Au(111) surface, which were calculated from the length of the perimeter interface between the TiO2 islands and the Au substrate, were consistent with the frequencies reported for Au/TiO2(110) surfaces. Furthermore, the activation energies for HD formation over TiO2/Au(111) agreed well with those for Au/TiO2(110). We thus speculated that the active sites for hydrogen dissociation over Au/TiO2 were the Auδ+–Oδ-–Ti sites, which were formed at the perimeter interface between the stoichiometric TiO2 and Au.
A Highly Thermostable Ceramic-Grafted Microporous Polyethylene Separator for Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

The safety concern is a critical obstacle to large-scale energy storage applications of lithium-ion batteries. A thermostable separator is one of the most effective means to construct the safe lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we demonstrate a novel ceramic (SiO2)-grafted PE separator prepared by electron beam irradiation. The separator shows similar thickness and pore structure to the bare separator, while displaying strong dimensional thermostability, as the shrinkage ratio is only 20% even at an elevated temperature of 180 °C. Besides, the separator is highly electrochemically inert, showing no adverse effect on the energy and power output of the batteries. Considering the excellent electrochemical and thermal stability, the SiO2-grafted PE separator developed in this work is greatly beneficial for constructing safer lithium-ion batteries.
Effect of absorption of low‐molecular‐weight compounds by some polymer flocculants (1997)

Abstract The sorption properties of the intramolecular complex ‐ poly(acrylamide) to poly(vinyl alcohol) grafted copolymer (PVA‐PAA N ) in block state were investigated with respect to a number of compounds. The relatively small molecules of phenol, phenylalanine in water solution as well as nitrobenzene in hexane are strongly absorbed by PVA‐PAA N films. The large humine acid molecules (sizes are larger by more than ≈ 10 times) are absorbed by PVA‐PAA N very weakly. It was determined the absorption influence on the character of polymer film solution. In a number of cases the oscillation of the dilution and sorption were observed when determining the critical concentrations of guest molecules in the upper layer of polymer films were achieved. The possible mechanisms of absorption were discussed.
Passive UHF RFID Tag as a Sensor for Crack Depths (2018)

The use of ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) passive tags for defect detection is a promising application in structural health monitoring. However, it is a challenging task while most related information to tag antenna design is not available as well it suffers from the interference effect on wireless measurements. In this paper, we investigated and developed a new technique for crack depth sensing by using a passive UHF RFID tag as a sensor which interrogated by the ThingMagic M6e platform. The wireless power transfer level and the frequency sweeping are used to match between tag impedance and metal induction effect. The distance between the tag and reader is adjusted at 30 cm which can achieve high quality factor. As a result, the tag backscatter signal becomes rich with maximum peak components. The proposed technique called power peaks feature extraction (PPFE) is used to detect the artificial crack depth on the surface of the stainless steel and ferromagnetic samples. Skewness is applied on PPFE to offer a direct approximation procedure for the crack depth. A linear relationship of skewness achieves high-accuracy result with a maximum estimation error of 0.1 mm for stainless steel sample, the technique is validated and compared with the frequency-domain result, and it achieves all most the same accuracy for the stainless steel sample.
Toxicoderma by gemcitabine: about a case (2018)

Skin reactions are often related with drugs, particularly with chemotherapy. Several types of cutaneous involvement have been described from pruritus alone to generalized eruptions not always but generally related with hypersensitivity or inflammatory reactions that usually are independent of primary tumor location. Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapy drug that may typically produce a mild skin rash. Herein, we show a case of uncommon and severe direct skin toxicity because of gemcitabine in context of thrombocytopenia. We have also performed a review of the literature showing that this may be the first case of such toxicity.
Friedreich's Ataxia: Idebenone Treatment in Early Stage Patients (2002)

Cerebellar improvement was notable in mild patients after the first 3 months of therapy. Idebenone treatment at early stages of the disease seems to reduce the progression of cerebellar manifestations. Further blind trials with a greater number of patients and higher doses are needed to fully assess the therapeutic potential of idebenone in Friedreich's ataxia.
Cell-free translation of the mRNAs for the heavy and light chains of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens. (1979)

Cell-free translation of poly(A)-containing RNA from the JY lymphoblastoid cell line followed by immunoprecipitation has indicated the presence of mRNAs for both the heavy and light chains of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in these preparations. Both chains are synthesized with an NH2-terminal extension, approximately 20 residues in length for the light chain, and 20 or 24 residues for the heavy chains. The precursors can be processed by dog pancreatic microsomes to products similar to those obtained in vivo. Immunoprecipitation of the cell-free products has been employed as an assay for partial purification of the mRNAs. Investigation of the Daudi cell line, which cannot synthesize the small subunit, beta 2-microglobin, has indicated that the heavy chains of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens are synthesized intracellularly in vivo and can also be translated from their cognate RNAs in vitro. The implications of these findings for biosynthesis of membrane proteins in general and multimeric membrane proteins in particular, as well as the role of beta 2-microglobulin in expression of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens, are discussed.
Robust High-Resolution Cloth Using Parallelism, History-Based Collisions, and Accurate Friction (2008)

In this paper we simulate high resolution cloth consisting of up to 2 million triangles which allows us to achieve highly detailed folds and wrinkles. Since the level of detail is also influenced by object collision and self collision, we propose a more accurate model for cloth-object friction. We also propose a robust history-based repulsion/collision framework where repulsions are treated accurately and efficiently on a per time step basis. Distributed memory parallelism is used for both time evolution and collisions and we specifically address Gauss-Seidel ordering of repulsion/collision response. This algorithm is demonstrated by several high resolution and high-fidelity simulations.
Bile Acids and the Membrane Bile Acid Receptor TGR5—Connecting Nutrition and Metabolism (2008)

A multitude of endocrine, neural, and metabolic signaling pathways are activated upon food intake to coordinate the effective use of the available energy. Bile acids (BAs) are released from the gallbladder after each meal and subsequently facilitate the digestion of nutrients. Since concentrations of BAs increase postprandially in the serum, they are also signals of food availability that bridge nutrition with metabolism. Both nuclear and membrane receptors mediate BA signaling. Whereas the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor mainly affects enterohepatic lipid homeostasis, the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 stimulates glucagon-like protein 1 production in enteroendocrine cells and activates thyroid hormone in brown adipose tissue and muscle, through the stimulation of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2). Through its insulinotropic effects, TGR5 may improve glucose homeostasis; through the activation of D2, it will stimulate energy expenditure and protect against the onset of obesity. These properties position TGR5 as an attractive and "drugable" target in our fight against the metabolic syndrome.