gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two stages kinetics of municipal solid waste inoculation composting processes. (2004)

In order to understand the key mechanisms of the composting processes, the municipal solid waste (MSW) composting processes were divided into two stages, and the characteristics of typical experimental scenarios from the viewpoint of microbial kinetics was analyzed. Through experimentation with advanced composting reactor under controlled composting conditions, several equations were worked out to simulate the degradation rate of the substrate. The equations showed that the degradation rate was controlled by concentration of microbes in the first stage. The degradation rates of substrates of inoculation Run A, B, C and Control composting systems were 13.61 g/(kg x h), 13.08 g/(kg x h), 15.671 g/(kg x h), and 10.5 g/(kg x h), respectively. The value of Run C is around 1.5 times higher than that of Control system. The decomposition rate of the second stage is controlled by concentration of substrate. Although the organic matter degradation rates were similar to all Runs, inoculation could reduce the values of the half velocity coefficient Km and could be more efficient to make the composting stable. Particularly, for Run C, the degradation rate is high in the first stage, and Km is low in the second stage. The results indicated that the inoculation was efficient for the composting processes.
ROS/TNF-α Crosstalk Triggers the Expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells via the NF-κB and ERK1/2 Mediated Signaling (2021)

IL-8/MCP-1 act as neutrophil/monocyte chemoattractants, respectively. Oxidative stress emerges as a key player in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it remains unclear whether the TNF-α/oxidative stress interplay can trigger IL-8/MCP-1 expression and, if so, by which mechanism(s). IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was detected in lean, overweight, and obese individuals, 15 each, using immunohistochemistry. To detect the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/TNF-α synergy as a chemokine driver, THP-1 cells were stimulated with TNF-α, with/without H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or hypoxia. Target gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, proteins by flow cytometry/confocal microscopy, ROS by DCFH-DA assay, and signaling pathways by immunoblotting. IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was significantly higher in obese/overweight. Furthermore, IL-8/MCP-1 mRNA/protein was amplified in monocytic cells following stimulation with TNF-α in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or hypoxia (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.0001). Synergistic chemokine upregulation was related to the ROS levels, while pre-treatments with NAC suppressed this chemokine elevation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). The ROS/TNF-α crosstalk involved upregulation of <i>CHOP</i>, <i>ERN1</i>, <i>HIF1A</i>, and NF-κB/ERK-1,2 mediated signaling. In conclusion, IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression is elevated in obesity. Mechanistically, ROS/TNF-α crosstalk may drive expression of these chemokines in monocytic cells by inducing ER stress, <i>HIF1A</i> stabilization, and signaling via NF-κB/ERK-1,2. NAC had inhibitory effect on oxidative stress-driven IL-8/MCP-1 expression, which may have therapeutic significance regarding meta-inflammation.
Lack of vessel wall elastolysis in human invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (1992)

In experimental studies, the apparent ability of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates to produce elastase in agar plates correlates with their ability to cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in mice pretreated with cortisone. Thus, elastase production may govern the pathogenicity of particular isolates. If this is so, then disruption of the elastic layers within blood vessel walls in invasive aspergillosis would be expected. To test this hypothesis, tissue blocks were prepared from nine patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Separate but immediately adjacent histological sections were stained by the Grocott and periodic acid-Schiff methods for fungal hyphae and by the elastic van Gieson technique for elastic tissue. Comparison of those segments of vessel walls infiltrated by hyphae with those not infiltrated by hyphae showed no overall loss of elastic tissue. Material from five of the cases was also stained with an unconventional combination of histochemical stains, allowing accurate identification of both fungal hyphae and elastic laminae in the same histological sections. The results showed no more disruption of elastic laminae than would be expected from simple physical displacement of elastic laminae. We conclude that if elastolysis contributes at all to invasion of vessel walls by aspergilli, then it seems to be very localized and/or transient.
Dual-functional metalenses for the polarization-controlled generation of focalized vector beams in the telecom infrared (2023)

The availability of static tiny optical devices is mandatory to reduce the complexity of optical paths that typically use dynamic optical components and/or many standard elements for the generation of complex states of light, leading to unprecedented levels of miniaturization and compactness of optical systems. In particular, the design of flat and integrated optical elements capable of multiple vector beams generation with high resolution in the visible and infrared range is very attractive in many fields, from life science to information and communication technology. In this regard, we propose dual-functional transmission dielectric metalenses that act simultaneously on the dynamic and geometric phases in order to manipulate independently right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized states of light and generate focused vector beams in a compact and versatile way. In the specific, starting from the mathematical fundamentals for the compact generation of vector beams using dual-functional optical elements, we provide the numerical algorithms for the computation of metaoptics and apply those techniques to the design and fabrication of silicon metalenses which are able to generate and focus different vector beams in the telecom infrared, depending on the linear polarization state in input. This approach provides new integrated optics for applications in the fields of high-resolution microscopy, optical manipulation, and optical communications, both in the classical and single-photon regimes.
System Design Description: Multiloading Test Facility (MLTF) (1974)

This System Design Description (SDD) is a comprehensive technical document that specifically and completely describes the design, operation and maintenance of the Multiloading Test Facility (MLTF). The initial document establishes, describes and controls the technical activities of the various design and production groups assigned to the program. The scope of this document and the description of the proposed facility are considered adequate to cover the design, procurement, fabrication and start-up. The MLTF System includes the test article configuration, test stand, mechanical force producing equipment, thermal equipment, pressure equipment, instrumentation, control equipment, control room, inerting chamber, and test cell. The design requirements were derived and are consistent with the Westinghouse portion of the ORNL program to develop high-temperature structural design methods for LMFBR vessels, components, and core structures.
Lightnets: topologies for high-speed optical networks (1993)

An inherent problem of conventional point to point WAN architectures is that they cannot translate optical transmis- sion bandwidth into comparable user available throughput due to the limiting electronic processing speed of the switching nodes. This paper presents a solution to WDM based WAN networks that addresses this limitation. The proposed Lightnet architecture trades the ample bandwidth obtained by using multiple wave- length for a reduction in the number of processing stages and a simplification of each switching stage, leading to substantially increased throughputs. The principle of the Lightnet architecture is the construction and use of a virtual topology network in the wavelength domain, embedded in the original network. This paper studies the em- bedding of virtual networks whose topologies are regular, using algorithms which provide bounds on the number of wavelengths, switch sizes, and average number of switching stages per packet transmission. Algorithms for the embedding of alternative regu- lar topologies are presented and their performance is evaluated. It is shown that compared to conventional network architectures, the Lightnets offer substantial performance gains in terms of increased throughput and smaller buffering requirements.
Mitochondrial Redox Opto-Lipidomics Reveals Mono-Oxygenated Cardiolipins as Pro-Apoptotic Death Signals (2015)

While opto-genetics has proven to have tremendous value in revealing the functions of the macromolecular machinery in cells, it is not amenable to exploration of small molecules such as phospholipids (PLs). Here, we describe a redox opto-lipidomics approach based on a combination of high affinity light-sensitive ligands to specific PLs in mitochondria with LC-MS based redox lipidomics/bioinformatics analysis for the characterization of pro-apoptotic lipid signals. We identified the formation of mono-oxygenated derivatives of C18:2-containing cardiolipins (CLs) in mitochondria after the exposure of 10-nonylacridine orange bromide (NAO)-loaded cells to light. We ascertained that these signals emerge as an immediate opto-lipidomics response, but they decay long before the commencement of apoptotic cell death. We found that a protonophoric uncoupler caused depolarization of mitochondria and prevented the mitochondrial accumulation of NAO, inhibited the formation of C18:2-CL oxidation product,s and protected cells from death. Redox opto-lipidomics extends the power of opto-biologic protocols to studies of small PL molecules resilient to opto-genetic manipulations.
Biodistribution pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry of Tc-99m D-glucaric acid in humans (1995)

Previous experimental studies have shown the high targeting potential of Tc-99m-labeled D-glucaric acid (TcGLA, a six-carbon dicarboxylic acid partly competing in vitro with fructose/glucose uptake) in animal models of acute ischemia/early necrosis of the heart or brain, and in human tumor xenografts. This study evaluated the biodistribution pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry of TcGLA in cancer patients. TcGLA (900 MBq) was injected i.v. as a bolus into 12 patients with breast (n=9) or colon (n=3) cancer. Whole-body scans were recorded at 0.5, 1,2,4,6, 10,24,32,46 hr while blood samples were taken at frequent intervals and urines were collected at 6-hr intervals. The MIRD approach was employed for radiation dosimetry estimates. No early or delayed adverse reactions of any type were observed. TcGLA showed an important, early and persistent accumulation in the kidneys (plateau at about 8-10% I.D.), combined with a slow hepatobiliary clearance. The TcGLA plasma disappearance curve was three-exponential, with average T {sub 1 2} values equal to 36.8, 1.4 and 0.4 hr, respectively. Urinary excretion was 45.8 {plus_minus} 7.4% I.D. from 0-6 hr, with a cumulative plateau of about 57% I.D. at 46 hr. while the cumulative extra-renal excretion was 15-30% I.D. The initial and total distribution volumes (12.5 {plus_minus}more » 0.9 and 47.9 {plus_minus} 81) corresponded to the extracellular and, respectively, the total body water. The main radiation dosimetry estimates (expressed as Gy/MBq) were 0.037 (kidneys), 0.065 (bladder), 0.002 (liver), 0.0035 (red marrow), 0.007 (ovaries) 0.005 (testes) and 0.003 (whole body). The favourable pharmacokinetic pattern and very low radiation dosimetry estimates obtained in this study enable further investigations on the imaging potential of TcGLA in various disease conditions.« less
Activation of oral epithelial EphA2-EFGR signaling by Candida albicans virulence factors (2018)

Abstract During oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), Candida albicans invades and damages oral epithelial cells, which respond by producing proinflammatory mediators that recruit phagocytes to foci of infection. The ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) detects β-glucan and plays a central role in stimulating epithelial cells to release proinflammatory mediators during OPC. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) also interacts with C. albicans and is known to be activated by the Als3 adhesin/invasin and the Ece1/Candidalysin pore-forming toxin. Here, we investigated the interactions among EphA2, EGFR, Als3 and Ece1/Candidalysin during OPC. We found that Als3 and Ece1/Candidalysin function in the same pathway to damage epithelial cells in vitro . They also work together to cause OPC in mice. EGFR and EphA2 constitutively associate with each other as part of a physical complex and are mutually dependent for C. albicans-induced activation. In vitro , either Als3 or Ece1/Candidalysin is required for C. albicans to activate EGFR, sustain EphA2 activation, and stimulate epithelial cells to secrete CXCL8/IL-8 and CCL20. In the mouse model of OPC, Ece1/Candidalysin alone activates EGFR and induces CXCL1/KC and CCL20 production. Ece1/Candidalysin is also necessary for the production of IL-1α and IL-17A independently of Als3 and EGFR. These results delineate the complex interplay between host cell receptors and C. albicans virulence factors during the induction of OPC and the resulting oral inflammatory response. Author summary Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurs when the fungus Candida albicans proliferates in the mouth. The disease is characterized by fungal invasion of the superficial epithelium and a localized inflammatory response. Two C. albicans virulence factors contribute to the pathogenesis of OPC, Als3 which enables the organisms to adhere to and invade host cells and Ece1/Candidalysin which is pore-forming toxin that damages host cells. Two epithelial cell receptors, ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are activated by C. albicans . Here, we show that EphA2 and EGFR form part of complex and that each receptor is required to activate the other. Als3 and Ece1/Candidalysin function in the same pathway to damage epithelial cells. In isolated epithelial cells, both of these virulence factors activate EphA2 and EGFR, and stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators. In the mouse model of OPC, Ece1/Candidalysin elicits of a subset of the oral inflammatory response. Of the cytokines and chemokines induced by this toxin, some require the activation of EGFR while others are induced independently of EGFR. This work provides a deeper understanding of the interactions among C. albicans virulence factors and host cell receptors during OPC.
Lower valent tungsten halides. New class of reagents for deoxygenation of organic molecules (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLower valent tungsten halides. New class of reagents for deoxygenation of organic moleculesK. Barry Sharpless, Martha A. Umbreit, Marjorie T. Nieh, and Thomas C. FloodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 18, 6538–6540Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00773a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00773a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2471Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Web accessibility technology at the IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory (2004)

This paper provides an overview of Web accessibility technologies developed at the IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory. Home Page Reader provides an easy and comfortable way for the blind to read Web pages. Transcoding technology solves problems that arise when a voice browser, such as Home Page Reader, reads Web pages. It also offers more comfortable ways for visually impaired people and senior citizens to read Web pages. Accessibility Designer, the main focus of this paper, allows page designers to learn about disabilities and to create more accessible and usable Web pages at authoring time. It has two modes: a low-vision mode and a blind mode. The low-vision mode simulates the perception of people with low vision and detects inaccessible parts in the target page. The blind mode visualizes the usability of a voice browser for the target page and detects accessibility and usability problems. Accessibility Observer makes it easier for Web developers to detect accessibility problems.
ChemInform Abstract: INNERMOLEKULARE ADDITION VON ALKYLRADIKALEN AN NICHT‐KONJUGIERTE DOPPELBINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Aus den ungesättigten Nitriten (I) erhält man bei der Bestrahlung zunächst über (II) die Zwischenstufen (III) und (IV), aus denen die Radikale (V) erhalten werden.
The Atomic Structure of Mengo Virus at 3.0 Å Resolution (1987)

The structure of Mengo virus, a representative member of the cardio picornaviruses, is substantially different from the structures of rhino- and polioviruses. The structure of Mengo virus was solved with the use of human rhinovirus 14 as an 8 A resolution structural approximation. Phase information was then extended to 3 A resolution by use of the icosahedral symmetry. This procedure gives promise that many other virus structures also can be determined without the use of the isomorphous replacement technique. Although the organization of the major capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 of Mengo virus is essentially the same as in rhino- and polioviruses, large insertions and deletions, mostly in VP1, radically alter the surface features. In particular, the putative receptor binding "canyon" of human rhinovirus 14 becomes a deep "pit" in Mengo virus because of polypeptide insertions in VP1 that fill part of the canyon. The minor capsid peptide, VP4, is completely internal in Mengo virus, but its association with the other capsid proteins is substantially different from that in rhino- or poliovirus. However, its carboxyl terminus is located at a position similar to that in human rhinovirus 14 and poliovirus, suggesting the same autocatalytic cleavage of VP0 to VP4 and VP2 takes place during assembly in all these picornaviruses.
Simple detection technique for d=2 modulated optical recording channels (2003)

In this paper, we propose a simple detection scheme for a d=2 optical recording channel. The detection method employs a partial response target that introduces destructive interference, but which is effectively removed by modifications to the threshold detector. Bit error rate performance simulations based on pulses obtained from both a channel model and a real DVD system show that the new detection technique achieves 1.5-2 dB improvement over direct threshold detection following equalization to symmetric target response of memory 4. The proposed scheme performs better than Viterbi detection with an optimal partial response target of memory 4, while having a complexity comparable to that of a threshold detector.
Microbial community and soil enzyme activities driving microbial metabolic efficiency patterns in riparian soils of the Three Gorges Reservoir (2023)

Riparian zones represent important transitional areas between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial metabolic efficiency and soil enzyme activities are important indicators of carbon cycling in the riparian zones. However, how soil properties and microbial communities regulate the microbial metabolic efficiency in these critical zones remains unclear. Thus, microbial taxa, enzyme activities, and metabolic efficiency were conducted in the riparian zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Microbial carbon use efficiency and microbial biomass carbon had a significant increasing trend along the TGR (from upstream to downstream); indicating higher carbon stock in the downstream, microbial metabolic quotient (qCO<sub>2</sub>) showed the opposite trend. Microbial community and co-occurrence network analysis revealed that although bacterial and fungal communities showed significant differences in composition, this phenomenon was not found in the number of major modules. Soil enzyme activities were significant predictors of microbial metabolic efficiency along the different riparian zones of the TGR and were significantly influenced by microbial α-diversity. The bacterial taxa Desulfobacterota, Nitrospirota and the fungal taxa Calcarisporiellomycota, Rozellomycota showed a significant positive correlation with qCO<sub>2</sub>. The shifts in key microbial taxa <i>unclassified_k_Fungi</i> in the fungi module #3 are highlighted as essential factors regulating the microbial metabolic efficiency. Structural equation modeling results also revealed that soil enzyme activities had a highly significant negative effect on microbial metabolism efficiency (bacteria, path coefficient = -0.63; fungi, path coefficient = -0.67).This work has an important impact on the prediction of carbon cycling in aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. Graphical abstract.
Margin adaptive resource allocation in downlink multiuser MIMO-OFDMA system with Multiuser Eigenmode transmission (2008)

This paper studies the downlink multiuser Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (MIMO-OFDMA) system for margin adaptive Multiuser Eigenmode Transmission (MET) with perfect channel state information at the transmitter. In margin adaptive objective, Base Station (BS) has to satisfy individual Quality of Service (QoS) constraints of the users subject to transmit power minimization. The solution is hard to achieve because multiple streams from different users on the same subcarrier cause inter-stream interference which forces the use of low complexity beamforming techniques and makes it a joint beamforming and resource allocation problem. We propose a sub-optimal two step solution which decouples beamforming from subcarrier and power allocation. First a reduced number of user groups are formed and then the problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem. Finally an efficient algorithm is developed which allocates subcarriers to these user groups. Simulation results reveal comparable performance with the hugely complex optimal solution.