gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clutter central frequency and bandwidth estimation methods (2002)

In radar signal processing systems, the central frequency and bandwidth of clutter must be accurately estimated to suppress clutter and prevent target whitening. The centroid method was developed to estimate the central frequency and the energy integration method was developed to estimate the bandwidth centroid method. Both methods are suitable for short duration clutter data. The power spectrum of the clutter is used to estimate the clutter bandwidth in the energy integration method. These methods are shown to be simpler and have better performance than previous methods.
Systems Biology (2015)

Recent technological advances have enabled comprehensive determination of the molecular composition of living cells. The chemical interactions between many of these molecules are known, giving rise to genome-scale reconstructed biochemical reaction networks underlying cellular functions. Mathematical descriptions of the totality of these chemical interactions lead to genome-scale models that allow the computation of physiological functions. Reflecting these recent developments, this textbook explains how such quantitative and computable genotype-phenotype relationships are built using a genome-wide basis of information about the gene portfolio of a target organism. It describes how biological knowledge is assembled to reconstruct biochemical reaction networks, the formulation of computational models of biological functions, and how these models can be used to address key biological questions and enable predictive biology. Developed through extensive classroom use, the book is designed to provide students with a solid conceptual framework and an invaluable set of modeling tools and computational approaches.
THE MATCHING LAW AND AMOUNT‐DEPENDENT EXPONENTIAL DISCOUNTING AS ACCOUNTS OF SELF‐CONTROL CHOICE (1999)

Studies with humans have found evidence for amount‐dependent temporal discounting, that is, that the sensitivity of choice to reinforcer delay varies inversely with reinforcer magnitude. To test whether similar results could be obtained with nonhumans, pigeons were trained on a two‐component concurrent‐chains procedure in which the durations of food reinforcement in the terminal links were equal within components but unequal between components. Terminal‐link schedules were varied over four conditions to allow separate estimates of sensitivity to delay to be obtained for the large and small reinforcer‐magnitude components. Although sensitivity to delay was greater in the small‐magnitude component for all subjects, the effect was quite small. The difference in sensitivity was generally less than one standard error, and t tests on parameter differences failed to reach significance. Several models for temporal discounting, including an amount‐dependent exponential function, were fitted to the data from the first four conditions. The resulting parameter estimates were used to make predictions for a self‐control condition in which one terminal link arranged a smaller, less delayed reinforcer and the other arranged a larger, more delayed reinforcer. For all models, predictions were considerably more accurate when sensitivity to delay was the same regardless of reinforcer magnitude. The results support the independence of delay and magnitude as required by a version of the matching law, and provide strong evidence against amount‐dependent exponential discounting as an account of self‐control choice. A new two‐parameter discounting function, consistent with the matching law, is proposed that has wide empirical generality for both human and nonhuman data.
GPRS and IS-136 integration for flexible network and services evolution (1999)

The integration of General Packet Radio Service with IS-136 networks will provide IS-136 users and operators with many benefits. In addition to the existing voice services on circuit networks, the mobile user with an appropriate terminal now has direct access to services on packet data networks through GPRS. Of particular importance are services based on the Internet Protocol (IP). Furthermore, compared with fixed IP networks, there is an added dimension stemming from user mobility, which results in mobility-specific requirements and mobility-specific services. In addition, GPRS protocols open up the possibility of global data roaming with Global System for Mobile Communications networks. From the operator perspective, the integration enables a controlled and flexible architecture transition to a network where data applications play an increasingly important role. The operator also benefits from the GSM economies of scale and from the evolution roadmap of GSM to the third generation. Finally, the above service advantages to the user translate into a competitive advantage for the operator. This article describes the architecture resulting from integrating IS-136 with GPRS and discusses the service evolution as well as network evolution that can be envisioned from such integration.
OSSA Space Station Waste Inventory (1987)

NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications has compiled an inventory of the types and quantities of the wastes that will be generated by the Space Station's initial operational phase in 35 possible mission scenarios. The objective of this study was the definition of waste management requirements for both the Space Station and the Space Shuttles servicing it. All missions, when combined, will produce about 5350 kg of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes every 90 days. A characterization has been made of the wastes in terms of toxicity, corrosiveness, and biological activity.
Heat-Resistant Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Based on a Copolymer of Bisphthalonitriles and Bisbenzonitrile (2020)

New phthalonitrile resins that provide processing properties at the level of epoxy resins and composites obtained from them are discussed. The processing parameters of the resins are improved due to the discovery of reactive diluents based on bisbenzonitriles. By introducing these comonomers into the resin composition the melt viscosity is reduced to less than 100 MPa s at a temperature of 120°C, which allows one to obtain carbon fibers by modern injection techniques. The curing programs of the composite are selected in order to attain the maximum compressive strength (852 MPa). Carbon fiber reinforced plastics postcured at 375°C retain up to 90% of their mechanical properties at 400°C (τ12 = 60–80 MPa). It is first shown that prepregs can be produced from phthalonitrile resins using the melt technology and composites from them can be obtained by hot pressing. Carbon fibers possess high limiting oxygen index values (LOI > 80%). Thus, phthalonitrile resins and prepregs are developed for non-autoclave processing of carbon and glass composites suitable for operation at elevated temperatures.
Terahertz radiation from amorphous GaAs thin film photoconductive switches (2003)

Low-temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) has been studied as a potential material for microwave-photonic devices such as a terahertz (THz) radiation emitter. Since the preparation of the LT-GaAs generally requires a post annealing process at around 600 /spl deg/C, these has been limited to be a small number of the applications combined with other materials. In the present work, we study the photoresponse of amorphous (/spl alpha/-) GaAs prepared at between room temperature and 250 /spl deg/C by femtosecond time-domain reflection pump-probe measurements and photo-induced THz emission measurements.
Microporous, Responsive Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Gels. 1. Synthesis and Microstructure (1998)

An effective technique for the synthesis of microporous gels is developed along with correlations between synthesis conditions and microstructure. Such gels have substantially different properties than their nonporous analogues. Microporous hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gels were prepared by heating aqueous HPC solutions above their lower critical solution temperatures (LCST's) while cross-linking the polymer with divinyl sulfone. The effective porosity of the gel increased from 23 to 76% by decreasing HPC concentration from 22.6 to 9 wt %, as anticipated from the system phase diagram. The pore size range decreased from 0.5−9.0 to 0.05−0.2 μm by increasing reaction time before phase separation from 1.5 to 25 min, demonstrating that cross-linking in the homogeneous state limits the extent of phase separation possible. Gel morphology changed from open-celled to closed-celled by decreasing reaction time in the phase-separated state, which limits cross-linking in the polymer-rich phase.
Diarylborinic Acids as Efficient Catalysts for Selective Dehydration of Aldols (1997)

Diarylborinic acids with electron-withdrawing substituents at their aryl groups are efficient Lewis acid catalysts for Mukaiyama aldol condensation and selective dehydration of anti-aldols to α,β-enones in the presence of syn-aldols. The Lewis acidities of diarylborinic acids are much higher than those of the corresponding arylboronic acids.
Development of MgIn2S4 Microflower-Embedded Exfoliated B-Doped g-C3N4 Nanosheets: p–n Heterojunction Photocatalysts toward Photocatalytic Water Reduction and H2O2 Production under Visible-Light Irradiation (2022)

In recent years, designing a highly efficient, cost-effective, and persistent photocatalyst to annihilate world’s major ongoing challenges has been a hot topic in the research community. Herein, we have developed a microflower-like morphology of MgIn2S4 (MIS) through a simple hydrothermal method without using any surfactants. A series of MIS-modified exfoliated B-doped g-C3N4 (e-BCN) nanocomposites have been synthesized and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott–Schottky analyses to study their structural, optical, and electrochemical properties. The morphological analyses of MIS/e-BCN composites demonstrated that the MIS microflowers are deposited on the surface of the e-BCN nanosheet, which provides a large number of active sites to the MIS microflowers for the better adsorption of water molecules. XPS and morphological results distinctly evidenced the close interaction between e-BCN and MIS. The results from PL and EIS analyses revealed the deteriorated recombination rate of e–/h+ pairs with reduced charge-transfer resistance of MIS/e-BCN heterojunction photocatalysts. The MIS/e-BCN composite with 10 wt % of MIS (MSBCN-10) exhibited the highest photocatalytic H2 generation rate with an apparent conversion efficiency of 5.27%. A stupendous production efficiency of H2O2 was also observed for the MSBCN-10 composite in the presence of O2-saturated water and ethanol under visible-light illumination. The current study paves an astonishing strategy to design a metal sulfide-modified g-C3N4-based photocatalyst toward photocatalytic applications.
Mammalian diseases of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and their homologs (2020)

Inositol and phosphoinositide signaling pathways represent major regulatory systems in eukaryotes. The physiological importance of these pathways is amply demonstrated by the variety of diseases that involve derangements in individual steps in inositide and phosphoinositide production and degradation. These diseases include numerous cancers, lipodystrophies and neurological syndromes. Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are emerging as fascinating regulators of phosphoinositide metabolism. Recent advances identify PITPs (and PITP-like proteins) to be coincidence detectors, which spatially and temporally coordinate the activities of diverse aspects of the cellular lipid metabolome with phosphoinositide signaling. These insights are providing new ideas regarding mechanisms of inherited mammalian diseases associated with derangements in the activities of PITPs and PITP-like proteins.
A new fabrication process of silicon nanotips: NERCOM (2005)

This paper presents a new fabrication process for nanotips array using notching effect of reflected charges on mask (NERCOM). The NERCOM fabrication process is based on two phenomena: flowing of thick photoresist mask after bake and the notching effect of the reflected charges from the photoresist mask in a plasma etching process. Heating the photoresist at different temperature and time will generate different profile of the masking layer walls. During the plasma etching process, the charges (ions and radicals) are reflected by the oblique profile of the masking layer walls and generate an undercut. This phenomenon is utilized with an isotropic etching process in a Deep RIE system to produce tips. Due to the isotropy of the process, the tips are generated. The results indicate that the radii of the tips are in the range of 40 to 60 nm.
Dual Role of H-Ras in Regulation of Lymphocyte Function Antigen-1 Activity by Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1α: Implications for Leukocyte Transmigration (2001)

We investigated the role of H-Ras in chemokine-induced integrin regulation in leukocytes. Stimulation of Jurkat T cells with the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) resulted in a rapid increase in the phosphorylation, i.e., activation of extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase (ERK) but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase or p38 kinase, and phosphorylation of Akt, reflecting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activation. Phosphorylation of ERK in Jurkat cells was enhanced and attenuated by expression of dominant active (D12) or inactive (N17) forms of H-Ras, respectively, while N17 H-Ras abrogated SDF-1alpha-induced Akt phosphorylation. SDF-1alpha triggered a transient regulation of adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediated by lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), respectively, and a rapid increase in LFA-1 binding to soluble ICAM-1.Ig, which was inhibited by D12 but not N17 H-Ras. Both D12 and N17 H-Ras abrogated the regulation of LFA-1 but not VLA-4 avidity, and impaired LFA-1-mediated transendothelial chemotaxis but not VLA-4-dependent transmigration induced by SDF-1alpha. Analysis of the mutant Jurkat J19 clone revealed LFA-1 with constitutively high affinity and reduced ERK phosphorylation, which were partially restored by expression of active H-Ras. Inhibition of PI3-K blocked the up-regulation of Jurkat cell adhesion to ICAM-1 by SDF-1alpha, whereas inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase impaired the subsequent down-regulation and blocking both pathways abrogated LFA-1 regulation. Our data suggest that inhibition of initial PI3-K activation by inactive H-Ras or sustained activation of an inhibitory ERK pathway by active H-Ras prevail to abolish LFA-1 regulation and transendothelial migration induced by SDF-1alpha in leukocytes, establishing a complex and bimodal involvement of H-Ras.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Coordinate Bis(imido) Alkene Complexes of Molybdenum(IV): Relatives of the Zirconocene Family. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Swiss Science Concentrates (2017)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Dosages des polyphenols des moûts de raisin * (1981)

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;L'étude de la réaction de Folin Giocalteu en solution modèle a montré que ce réactif ne peut être utilisé directement sur les moûts de raisin, en particulier s'il s'agit de moûts mutés. Une méthode d'isolement est proposée pour l'évaluation de mesures globales de polyphénols (Folin Giocalteu, hydrolyse acide, réaction avec la vanilline, spectre UV).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;+++&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A study of the reaction of Folin Giocalteu in a sample solution revealed that this reactive agent cannot be used directly in grape musts, especially for preserved musts. An isolation method is proposed to evaluate total polyphenol measurements (Folin Giocalteu, acid hydrolysis, vanillini reaction, UV spectrum).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;* Travail effectué avec la collaboration de H. Feau&lt;/p&gt;
Chemistry of the surface and the activity of alumina-silica cracking catalyst (1950)

M. W. Tamele, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1950, 8, 270 DOI: 10.1039/DF9500800270
Moving objects in space (1997)

Manipulation in immersive virtual environments is difficult partly because users must do without the haptic contact with real objects they rely on in the real world to orient themselves and their manipulanda. To compensate for this lack, we propose exploiting the one real object every user has in a virtual environment, his body. We present a unified framework for virtual-environment interaction based on proprioception, a person's sense of the position and orientation of his body and limbs. We describe three forms of body-relative interaction: • Direct manipulation—ways to use body sense to help control manipulation • Physical mnemonics—ways to store/recall information relative to the body • Gestural actions—ways to use body-relative actions to issue commands Automatic scaling is a way to bring objects instantly within reach so that users can manipulate them using proprioceptive cues. Several novel virtual interaction techniques based upon automatic scaling and our proposed framework of proprioception allow a user to interact with a virtual world intuitively, efficiently, precisely, and lazily. We report the results of both informal user trials and formal user studies of the usability of the body-relative interaction techniques presented. CR
Recent developments in electronic resource management (2005)

Abstract The management of electronic resources relies increasingly on the effective uses of technology and the ability to integrate the processes involved and standardize the ways in which they are performed. Topics of interest in this field include licensing, resource administration, user authentication, resource sharing, and usage data collection. Recently attempts have been made to integrate these functions into single packages (electronic resource management systems), as open‐source and usage‐data standards are being developed. The session on electronic resources management organized by SIG‐LT will provide insight into the challenges of this branch of librarianship and present its recent progresses.
(Non‐)Participation in deliberation at work: a case study of online participative decision‐making (2019)

Social media are implemented by organisations to enhance productivity and knowledge sharing among employees, but they can also support group deliberation and employee voice. This paper presents a case study of an online deliberation initiative involving the discussion of a contentious internal policy within an organisation of around 550 knowledge workers. The deliberation process lasted 5 weeks and actively involved 167 employees. Different sources of information (user interaction logs, activity patterns, questionnaire responses) were analysed to investigate the impact of participation, or non‐participation, on the level of satisfaction with the deliberation, and on the understanding of the issue discussed. The findings suggest that (1) interest is a driver for participation, but it does not explain active participation, (2) participation, either active or passive, positively influences the understanding of the issue and (3) satisfaction with the outcome is not related to participation, but it may support participation in future initiatives.
Increased exposure to bacterial antigen RpL7/L12 in early stage colorectal cancer patients (2010)

Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society. : These findings are indicative of an increased exposure to antigen RpL7/L12 during early stages of colon carcinogenesis and suggest that intestinal bacteria such as S. bovis constitute a risk factor for the progression of premalignant lesions into early stage carcinomas. Clearly, the current findings emphasize the necessity for further studies on the possible etiologic relationship between intestinal bacteria and human colorectal cancer.
Collagen and elastin turnover increase at COPD exacerbation irrespectively its etiology (2020)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) fragments serve as surrogate markers of disease activity in COPD. Respiratory infections have been implicated as the predominant risk factor for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). We aimed to assess if serum levels of collagen and elastin turnover products are associated with the etiology of AECOPD. Pro-forms of collagens III (PRO-C3), V (PRO-C5), VI (PRO-C6), degradation products of collagens I (C1M), III (C3M), IV (C4Ma3), VI (C6M) and neutrophil elastase-generated fragments of elastin (EL-NE) were measured in serum of the PREVENT study, an investigator-initiated and driven, controlled trial, with 450 COPD patients, GOLD II-IV, followed for 3 years. Out of 2833 visits, we included AECOPD visits without infection in the last stable visit (n=102) and categorised them according to etiology; no new infection (n=22); viral infections (n=23); bacterial infections (n=37); viral and bacterial infections (n=20). Multiplex PCR was used to monitor viral infections in laryngopharyngeal swabs and microbiological analysis was performed in sputum samples in all visits. C1M, C3M, C4Ma3, C6M, EL-NE and PRO-C5 levels were significantly higher at AECOPD, as compared to previous stable visits (p&lt;0.001 for all) and to follow-up visits (p&lt;0.001 for all). Changes in serum levels of all biomarkers between last stable visit, AECOPD and follow-up were comparable and not associated with the presence or the type of infection. C1M, C3M, C4Ma3 and C6M were positively correlated with SGQ, CAT and MMRC scores and PRO-C6 and PRO-C3 with lung function. These results indicate that systemic biomarkers of collagen and elastin turnover increase at AECOPD irrespectively the etiology of exacerbation.
Terahertz analysis of stratified wall plaster at buildings of cultural importance across Europe (2013)

Terahertz (THz) radiation is being developed as a tool for the analysis of cultural heritage, and due to recent advances in technology is now available commercially in systems which can be deployed for field analysis. The radiation is capable of penetrating up to one centimetre of wall plaster and is delivered in ultrafast pulses which are reflected from layers within this region. The technique is non-contact, non-invasive and non-destructive. While sub-surface radar is able to penetrate over a metre of wall plaster, producing details of internal structures, infrared and ultraviolet techniques produce information about the surface layers of wall plaster. THz radiation is able to provide information about the interim region of up to approximately one centimetre into the wall surface. Data from Chartres Cathedral, France, Riga Dome Cathedral, Latvia, and Chartreuse du Val de Bénédiction, France is presented each with different research questions. The presence of sub-surface paint layers was expected from documentary evidence, dating to the 13th Century, at Chartres Cathedral. In contrast, at the Riga Dome Cathedral surface painting had been obscured as recently as 1941 during the Russian occupation of Latvia using white lead-based paint. In the 13th Century, wall paintings at the Chapel of the Frescos, Chartreuse du Val de Benediction in Villeneuve les Avignon were constructed using sinopia under-painting on plaster covering uneven stonework.. This paper compares and contrasts the ability of THz radiation to provide information about sub-surface features in churches and Cathedrals across Europe by analysing depth based profiles gained from the reflected signal.