gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α‐Amino ketones derived from L‐proline, as precursors for isomitosanes and mitosenes (1989)

Abstract 2‐Benzoyl‐ and 2‐(2‐naphthoyl)pyrrolidines which can be viewed as aryl α‐amino ketones, have been prepared from L‐proline via Grignard reactions, bromo‐to‐lithium exchange, or by Friedel‐Crafts acylations. It was impossible to convert the ketone function of these aryl α‐amino ketones into a tert ‐alcohol group. The BOC‐protected ( S )‐2‐acetyl‐l‐pyrrolidine ( 15 ), obtained by reaction of BOC‐proline 2‐pyridinethiol ester ( 2 ) with LiMe 2 Cu, could be converted in two steps into the amino alcohol 17 , which contains a tert ‐alcohol function. Upon treatment of 17 with BBr 3 , followed by air oxidation, mitosene 20 was obtained in a low yield. The Friedel‐Crafts reaction products 23 of 1,4‐dimethoxynaphthalene, or 2,5‐dimethoxytoluene and ( S )‐l‐(trifluoroacetyl)–2‐pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride, could be converted in two steps into the isomitosanes 25 . The isomitosanes 25 could easily be dehydrated, using acid, to the corresponding mitosenes 26 . Upon reduction of the isomitosanes 25 with Na 2 S, 2 O 4 to the corresponding hydroquinones 28 , spontaneous dehydration occurred.
Vespula germanica (Fabr.) in southern California (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1995)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Experimental and theoretical description of the process of contact laser surgery with a titanium-doped optothermal fibre converter (2020)

Abstract In an in vitro experiment simulating a surgeon’s actions in the process of contact laser surgery of soft biological tissue, the dependences of the temperature of a titanium-doped optothermal fibre converter (TOTFC) and the depths of coagulation and ablation of biological tissue on the average radiation power of a diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm and on the speed of the converter movement along biological tissue are obtained. The structural, optical, and thermophysical models of TOTFC are discussed, as well as the thermophysical model of the interaction of a laser-heated converter with biological tissue, which takes into account the temperature dependences of the basic thermophysical parameters of the converter and biological tissue, as well as the contribution of the thickness h int of the water vapour layer between the converter and biotissue. It is shown that the proposed model allows describing the result of contact laser surgery of soft biotissue with TOTFC adequately to the experiment.
THE PREPARATION OF AMIDE DERIVATIVES OF 3-AZABICYCLO-[3.3.1]NONANES AS NEW POTENTIAL ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS (1990)

(1990). THE PREPARATION OF AMIDE DERIVATIVES OF 3-AZABICYCLO-[3.3.1]NONANES AS NEW POTENTIAL ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 255-264.
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry Study of the Flow Through an Optimized Micro‐axial Blood Pump (2006)

A detailed knowledge of the flow field in a blood pump is indispensable in order to increase the efficiency of the pump and to reduce the shear-induced hemolysis. Thus, three different impeller designs were developed and tested by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The results show a good agreement of CFD and DPIV data. An optimization of the impeller could be achieved by following the concept of turbulent drag reduction for the axisymmetric center body.
Genetic heterogeneity in Duchenne Dystrophy (1987)

We evaluated 173 patients in the Clinical Investigation of Duchenne Dystrophy study to determine if patients from the same kindred were more alike clinically than patients within the study population as a whole. A high intrafamilial correlation was noted for age-adjusted muscle strength scores. While noninherited factors could, in part, explain the results, it seems likely that genetic heterogeneity may contribute to the observed similarity within Duchenne dystrophy kindreds.
Infrared ray electronic endoscopy combined with indocyanine green injection for detection of sentinel nodes of patients with gastric cancer (2004)

IREE combined with ICG injection may efficiently detect SLNs that contain metastases in patients with gastric cancer.
Cancer-Targeting Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles for Clinical Translation: Physicochemical Structure and Biological Property Correlations (2017)

Although a large body of literature exists on the potential use of nanoparticles for medical applications, the number of probes translated into human clinical trials is remarkably small. A major challenge of particle probe development and their translation is the elucidation of safety profiles associated with their structural complexity, not only in terms of size distribution and heterogeneities in particle composition but also their effects on biological activities and the relationship between particle structure and pharmacokinetics. Here, we report on the synthesis, characterization, and long-term stability of ultrasmall (<10 nm diameter) dual-modality (optical and positron emission tomography) and integrintargeting silica nanoparticles (cRGDY-PEG-Cy5-C' dots and <sup>124</sup>I-(or <sup>131</sup>I-) cRGDY-PEG-Cy5-C'dots) and the extent to which their surface ligand density differentially modulates key in vitro and in vivo biological activities in melanoma models over a range of ligand numbers (i.e., ~6-18). Gel permeation chromatography, established as an important particle characterization tool, revealed a two-year shelf life for cRGDY-PEG-Cy5-C' dots. Radiochromatography further demonstrated the necessary radiochemical stability for clinical applications. The results of subsequent ligand density-dependent studies elucidate strong modulations in biological response, including statistically significant increases in integrin-specific targeting and particle uptake, cellular migration and adhesion, renal clearance, and tumor-to-blood ratios with increasing ligand number. We anticipate that nanoprobe characteristics and a better understanding of the structure-function relationships determined in this study will help guide identification of other lead nanoparticle candidates for in vitro and in vivo biological assessments and product translation.
V. - PROPRIÉTÉS DES PROTÉINES (1971)

L'tude de l'volution des protines au cours des traitements de prstockage et de schage a t entreprise pour tenter d'expliquer certaines variations de la qualit du mas. L'tat de ces constituants est, en premier lieu, influenc par la temprature de schage, mais son action est plus ou moins importante selon le prtraitement subi par les grains : ainsi, une conservation de 45 jours par ventilation d'air refroidi entrane des modifications plus importantes qu'un chauf- fement naturel de 6 jours.
Selective ALDH3A1 Inhibition by Benzimidazole Analogues Increase Mafosfamide Sensitivity in Cancer Cells (2014)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes irreversibly oxidize aldehydes generated from metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, food, smoke, additives, and xenobiotic drugs. Cyclophosphamide is one such xenobiotic used in cancer therapies. Upon activation, cyclophosphamide forms an intermediate, aldophosphamide, which can be detoxified to carboxyphosphamide by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), especially ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1. Consequently, selective inhibition of ALDH3A1 could increase chemosensitivity toward cyclophosphamide in ALDH3A1 expressing tumors. Here, we report detailed kinetics and structural characterization of a highly selective submicromolar inhibitor of ALDH3A1, 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (CB7, IC50 of 0.2 μM). CB7 does not inhibit ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH1B1, or ALDH2 activity. Structural, kinetics, and mutagenesis studies show that CB7 binds to the aldehyde binding pocket of ALDH3A1. ALDH3A1-expressing lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines are sensitized toward mafosfamide (MF) treatment in the presence analogues of CB7, whereas primary lung fibroblasts lacking ALDH3A1 expression, are not.
b and pl Paramutation in Maize: Heritable Transcription States Programmed during Development (1996)

As discussed in the accompanying chapters, most epigenetic regulatory mechanisms result in mitotically stable, but meiotically unstable, changes. The regulatory mechanism(s) associated with paramutation in flowering plants is exceptional because the changes initiated during somatic development are meiotically heritable; in a sense, blurring the distinction of epigenetic versus genetic alterations. Specifically, paramutation is an interaction between two alleles that leads to a directed alteration in transcription that is both mitotically and meiotically heritable. That such meiotically heritable changes appear to be confined to plants (Jorgensen 1993) suggests either that plants have evolved distinct regulatory mechanisms or that the basic differences in reproductive biology allow such somatic changes to be sexually transmitted (Patterson and Chandler 1995a). An understanding of paramutation should reveal how homologous chromosomes communicate in somatic cells and how transcription states that are programmed early in development can be stably transmitted through numerous cell divisions and into the next generation. Paramutation was first described at the r locus in maize (Brink 1958) and has been studied at two other maize genes, b (Coe 1966) and pl (Hollick et al. 1995). All three loci encode transcription factors that regulate the purple anthocyanin pigment biosynthetic pathway. The r and b genes encode functionally equivalent basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, with different alleles at each gene expressed under distinct tissue-specific and developmental controls (Goff et al. 1990; Ludwig and Wessler 1990; Ludwig et al. 1990; Radicella et al. 1992). All b alleles examined have only a single coding region, whereas most r alleles contain...
Data-book for human factors engineers : volume II : common formulas, metrics, definitions (1969)

Human factors engineering manual including mathematical formulas, nomographs, conversion tables, units of measurement, and nomenclatures
Photographic print defects attributable to point source enlargers (1984)

Abstract Point source enlargers may cause unusual types of printing defects. One type is a large spot in the center of the enlarged picture field that sometimes appears when the edges of negatives are not adequately masked during printing. Another type is a blurry image caused by a defect in the polycontrast filter. The defect appears in the filter as a small spot of about 1/8‐inch diameter, formed, presumably, by heat from the focused beam of the point source light. A spot defect of this type is difficult to see by a cursory visual examination of the filter and may develop unnoticed and persist for months before it is finally recognized.
Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in contaminated cold soils (2008)

Bioremediation is a viable option for the cleanup of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Although this technology has proven effective for various temperate soils, extrapolation to cold soils is hindered by the lack of information about specific microbes, genes, and enzymes involved in hydrocarbon biodegradation in cold soils. These environments present multiple challenges to bioremediation besides low temperature and concomitantly lower enzymatic reaction rates: for example, cold soils are often poor in nutrients, low in available water, and may exhibit extremes of pH and salinity. Also in such environments the physical nature of the contaminant(s) is affected, with increased viscosity of liquid hydrocarbons and reduced volatilization of toxic, low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Despite these constraints, the biodegradation of many of the components of petroleum hydrocarbons by indigenous cold-adapted microbial populations has been observed at low temperatures in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils (e.g. Braddock et al. 1997; Aislabie et al. 1998; Margesin and Schinner 1998; Whyte et al. 1999a; Mohn and Stewart 2000). However, because hydrocarbons tend to persist in polar soils, there are obvious limitations to the activity of the indigenous microbes in situ.
Evolution and Characterization of Tetraonine Endogenous Retrovirus: a New Virus Related to Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Viruses (2001)

In a previous study, we found avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV) gag genes in 19 species of birds in the order Galliformes including all grouse and ptarmigan (Tetraoninae) surveyed. Our data suggested that retroviruses had been transmitted horizontally among some host species. To further investigate these elements, we sequenced a replication-defective retrovirus, here named tetraonine endogenous retrovirus (TERV), from Bonasa umbellus (ruffed grouse). This is the first report of a complete, replication-defective ASLV provirus sequence from any bird other than the domestic chicken. We found a replication-defective proviral sequence consisting of putative Gag and Env proteins flanked by long terminal repeats. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that retroviral gag sequences closely related to TERV are transcribed, supporting the hypothesis that TERV is an active endogenous retrovirus. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that TERV may have arisen via recombination between different retroviral lineages infecting birds. Southern blotting using gag probes showed that TERV occurs in tetraonines but not in chickens or ducks, suggesting that integration occurred after the earliest phasianid divergences but prior to the radiation of tetraonine birds.
XML Index Recommendation with Tight Optimizer Coupling (2008)

XML database systems are expected to handle increasingly complex queries over increasingly large and highly structured XML databases. An important problem that needs to be solved for these systems is how to choose the best set of indexes for a given workload. In this paper, we present an XML Index Advisor that solves this XML index recommendation problem and has the key characteristic of being tightly coupled with the query optimizer. We rely on the optimizer to enumerate index candidates and to estimate the benefit gained from potential index configurations. We expand the set of candidate indexes obtained from the query optimizer to include more general indexes that can be useful for queries other than those in the training workload. To recommend an index configuration, we introduce two new search algorithms. The first algorithm finds the best set of indexes for the specific training workload, and the second algorithm finds a general set of indexes that can benefit the training workload as well as other similar workloads. We have implemented our XML Index Advisor in a prototype version of IBM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> DB2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> 9, which supports both relational and XML data, and we experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our advisor using this implementation.
Activity-Based Proteome Profiling of Hepatoma Cells during Hepatitis C Virus Replication Using Protease Substrate Probes (2009)

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) offers direct insight into changes in catalytic activity of enzyme classes in complex proteomes, rather than protein or transcript abundance. Here, ABPP was performed in Huh7 hepatoma cell lines with a group of ABPP probes composed of an N-acetylated amino acid, that mimic the P(1) position in protease peptide substrates. Five different probes bearing distinct amino acids (Ser, Thr, Phe, Glu and His) labeled 54 differentially active proteins, including proteases, other hydrolases, oxidoreductases and isomerases. Four of the six protease families were targeted based on their P(1) substrate preferences. The broader specificity of the labeling observed could be explained by the substrate-based targeting nature and the electrophilic properties of the ABPP probes. When applied to Huh7 cells stably replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicon RNA, four proteins showed reduced activity, while three proteins had increased activity during HCV replication. These differentially active hits included carboxylesterase 1, cathepsin D, HSP105, protein disulfide isomerase 1 and A6, chaperonin containing TCP1 and isochorismatase domain containing 1, which demonstrated substrate preferences by being labeled by specific substrate probes. This illustrates the broader activity-based profiling capabilities of these substrate-based probes to reveal novel enzyme candidates and their potential roles during HCV replication.
Phase II trial of dose‐dense paclitaxel, cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin with filgrastim support in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2004)

The current dose-dense, four-agent, taxane-containing biweekly schedule was feasible and effective in patients with recurrent or unresectable HNSCC. However, given the single-center nature of the current study and the highly selected study population, further validation of these findings is recommended.
The synthesis of nanoporous hydrogels using sacrificial block copolymers (2006)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2006.
EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS PARÁSITOS: CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES (2009)

Se realiza un analisis de la bibliografia existente sobre la evolucion parasitaria desde los procariotas hasta los eucariotas y las adaptaciones ocurridas para alcanzar el estadio parasitario de los endo y ectoparasitos. Se brindan algunos ejemplos de estudios realizados por los autores
Anwendungsbeispiele (2011)

Um die Möglichkeiten der Numerischen Strömungsmechanik zu verdeutlichen, zeigen wir in diesem Kapitel Berechnungsbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Anwendungsbereichen des Maschinenbaus, der Verfahrenstechnik, der Energietechnik und der Aerodynamik. Der hier gewählte, sehr kompakte Überblick kann nur ein erster Einstieg in die jeweilige Modellierungsansätze und Lösungsmethoden sein. Die Beispiele sollen den Leser auch zu eigenen Anwendungen der Numerischen Strömungssimulation anregen und Motivationen liefern, sich eingehend mit dem Stoff zu befassen.
General and specific events and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease caregivers (1997)

Daily unpleasant and pleasant events and specific unpleasant caregiving events were examined in relation to depression in 93 caregivers of demented patients. This study differs from previous research on caregivers in that it focuses on general events (hassles) in addition to specific caregiving events (hassles). Even after controlling for specific unpleasant caregiving events, general unpleasant and pleasant events accounted for additional variance in depressive symptomatology. The results are discussed in terms of their importance for treatment of caregiver depression.
Organic chemistry of dinuclear metal centres. Part 14. Synthesis, X-Ray structure, and reactivity of the ruthenium–ruthenium double-bonded complex [Ru2(μ-CO)(μ-C2Ph2)(η-C5H5)2] (1990)

Ultraviolet irradiation of the metallacycle [Ru2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-C(O)C2Ph2}(η-C5H5)2] (1) in tetrahydrofuran (thf) gives the complex [Ru2(μ-CO)(μ-C2Ph2)(η-C5H5)2] (2), shown by X-ray diffraction to have a ruthenium–ruthenium double bond [RuRu 2.505(1) Å] bridged transversely by a diphenylacetylene ligand. The loss of two molecules of CO in forming (2) is reversible; under 100 atm of CO at 50 °C complex (2) is converted into (1) in 60% yield. Treatment of unsaturated complex (2) with diazoalkanes RCHN2 (R = H, Me, or CO2Et) results in the corresponding uptake of two alkylidene units to form [Ru2(CO)(μ-CHR){η-C(Ph)C(Ph)CHR}(η-C5H5)2], existing as isomers for R = Me or CO2Et due to differing orientations of the μ-CHR substituent. The structure of [Ru2(CO)(μ-CH2){μ-C(Ph)C(Ph)CH2}(η-C5H5)2] (3) has been established by X-ray diffraction, revealing that one methylene co-ordinates to the dinuclear metal centre while the other links with the alkyne. There are non-bonding C–C distances of 3.07 Å between the two μ-carbons of the complex, but only 2.78 Å separating the μ-CH2 carbon and the CH2 carbon of the C(Ph)C(Ph)CH2 ligand. On thermolysis the latter two carbons link, accompanied by other processes, to afford [Ru2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-C(Ph)C(Ph)CHMe}(η-C5H5)2] (5). A co-product of the reaction of diazoethane with (2) is the di-μ-vinyl complex [Ru2(CO) (μ-CHCH2){μ-C(Ph)CHPh}(η-C5H5)2] (8). X-ray diffraction reveals that the two β-carbons of the vinyl groups are 2.99 Å apart and it is these rather than the two μ(α) carbons (3.06 Å apart) which link on thermolysis, affording complex (5) once more. Thermolysis of [Ru2(CO)(μ-CHCO2Et){μ-C(Ph)C(Ph)CH(CO2Et)}(η-C5H5)2] does not effect carbon–carbon bond formation. Instead, CO is ejected and its site occupied by an oxygen of a carboethoxy group in the complex [Ru2(μ-CHCO2Et){μ-C(Ph)C(Ph)CHC(O)OEt}(η-C5H5)2]. Treatment of complex (1) with BH3·thf or LiMe–HBF4–NaBH4 converts the metallacyclic ketone group into CH2 or CHMe respectively, yielding [Ru2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-C(Ph)C(Ph)CHR}(η-C5H5)2] (R = H or Me). The nature of the processes observed on thermolysis of complexes (3) and (8) suggests the importance of least-motion effects in determining the course of carbon–carbon bond formation at a dinuclear metal centre.
Development and in vitro evaluation of mesalamine delayed release pellets and tableted reservoir-type pellets (2010)

Various formulation and process parameters have to be optimized in order to obtain tableted reservoir-type pellets having the same release properties as the uncompressed pellets. The coating technique delays the release of mesalamine until the beads reach the terminal ileum and colon. Once released in the colon, mesalamine is minimally absorbed and can act locally to treat ulcerative colitis.
Design and Modelling of Class EF Inverters for Wireless Power Transfer Applications (2019)

Class EF inverters have been widely used recently as primary coil drivers for wireless power transfer applications since they achieve constant output current across a range of link coupling factor values. As the operating frequency that the inductive link is tuned at increases the traditional circuit design techniques that are based on first order calculations fail to represent the inverter behaviour accurately. In this paper, we present a novel method of modelling Class EF inverters that is based on state space representation of the circuit and thus providing the highest accuracy possible. Our method consists of a combination of analytical and numerical calculations in such manner that any parasitic component of the circuit, such as the nonlinear output capacitance of a power switch, can be included in the tuning process.
A Novel Mesoporous CaO‐Loaded In2O3 Material for CO2 Sensing (2007)

Abstract A mesoporous CaO‐loaded In 2 O 3 material (with Ca/In 2 O 3 ratios ranging from 2.5 to 8.5 at %) has been synthesized and used as resistive gas sensor for the detection of CO 2 . A nanostructured In 2 O 3 matrix has been obtained by hard template route from the SBA‐15 silica template. Additive presence does not distort the lattice of In 2 O 3 , which crystallizes in the Ia3 cubic space group. It has been proved by XRD, HRTEM, Raman and XPS measurements that samples contain not only CaO but also CaCO 3 in calcite phase as a consequence of CaO carbonation. Pure In 2 O 3 based sensors are low sensitive to CO 2 , whereas those containing the additive show an important response in the 300–5000 ppm range of gas concentrations. As seen by DRIFTS, the electrical response arises from the interaction between CO 3 2– and CO 2 , yielding bicarbonates products. The reaction is water‐assisted, so that hydration of the sensing material ensures sensor reliability whilst its dehydration would inhibit sensor response. The use of CaCO 3 instead of CaO does not cause significant differences in electrical and DRIFTS data, which corroborates the important role played by carbonate species in the sensing mechanism.