gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrete outcome quantum sensor networks (2023)

We model a quantum sensor network using techniques from quantum state discrimination. The interaction between a qubit detector and the environment is described by a unitary operator, and we will assume that at most one detector does interact. The task is to determine which one does or if none do. This involves choosing an initial state of the detectors and a measurement. We consider global measurements in which all detectors are measured simultaneously. We find that an entangled initial state can improve the detection probability, but this advantage decreases as the number of detectors increases.
Bile acid N-acetylglucosaminidation. In vivo and in vitro evidence for a selective conjugation reaction of 7 beta-hydroxylated bile acids in humans. (1992)

The aim of this study was to define whether N-acetylglucosaminidation is a selective conjugation pathway of structurally related bile acids in humans. The following bile acids released enzymatically from N-acetylglucosaminides were identified: 3 alpha,7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic (ursodeoxycholic), 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic (isoursodeoxycholic), 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholanoic (alloisoursodeoxycholic), 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic, 3 alpha,7 beta,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic, and 3 alpha,6 alpha,7 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids. The selectivity of conjugation was studied by administration of 0.5 g ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) or hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) acids, labeled with 13C, to patients with extrahepatic cholestasis, and of 0.5 g of 13C-labeled chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to patients with extra- or intrahepatic cholestasis. After administration of [24-13C]-CDCA, labeled glucosides, and the glucuronide of CDCA were excreted in similar amounts. Labeled N-acetylglucosaminides of UDCA and isoUDCA were also formed. When [24-13C]-UDCA was given, 13C-label was detected in the N-acetylglucosaminide, the glucosides, and the glucuronide of UDCA, and in the N-acetylglucosaminide of isoUDCA. In the patient studied, 32% of the total UDCA excreted in urine was conjugated with N-acetylglucosamine. In contrast, 96% of the excreted amount of [24-13C]HDCA was glucuronidated, and 13C-labeled glucosides but no N-acetylglucosaminide were detected. The selectivity of N-acetylglucosaminidation towards bile acids containing a 7 beta-hydroxyl group was confirmed in vitro using human liver and kidney microsomes and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine. These studies show that N-acetylglucosaminidation is a selective conjugation pathway for 7 beta-hydroxylated bile acids.
A projection access order for speedy convergence of ART (algebraic reconstruction technique): a multilevel scheme for computed tomography (1994)

The practical performance of algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) for computed tomography (CT) depends heavily on the order in which the projections are considered. Complete orthogonalization, notwithstanding its theoretical justification, is not feasible because the computational time is prohibitive. The authors report here a scheme that yields the most efficient reconstruction without orthogonalization: projections are organized and accessed in a nominally multilevel fashion. Each level makes the best use of the image information reconstructed in the preceding levels. If the number of projections is a power of two. Then the access orders are exactly that for the 1D FFT. The authors' scheme can be easily implemented. Using it, one iteration of ART yields a high-quality image. Experimental results of this algorithm are demonstrated and compared with the results from the conventional sequential method and also random ordering. Comparisons show that this scheme is superior. ART is better in image quality than the Fourier back-projection algorithm, at least for a smaller number of projections. Since the authors have made it much more efficient in computational speed, ART could now find widespread use in medical imaging.
The development of a novel minaturized modular platform for wireless sensor networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks are collections of autonomous devices with computational, sensing and wireless communication capabilities. Research in this area has been growing in the past few years given the wide range of applications that can benefit from such a technology. In this paper, the development of a highly modular and miniaturized wireless platform for sensor networks is described. The system incorporates a radio transceiver (in the 2.4 GHz ISM Band) with embedded protocol software to minimize power consumption and maximize data throughput. Additional input capability for sensor and actuator integration can be incorporated seamlessly due to the modular nature of the system. The total system is packaged in a modular 25 mm cubed form factor. A smaller, (10 mm cubed), prototype is currently under development. Ongoing development of highly miniaturized nodes is discussed.
Surface Modification of Polymeric Substrates with Photo‐ and Sonochemically Designed Macromolecular Grafts (2019)

Polymers such as elastomers, thermoplastics, or thermosets are functional materials employed in many fields and for diverse applications such as biomedical, separation science and technology, composites, power sources, and pollutant removal. However, in several applications, only surface modification is required while the bulk of the polymer matter is desired to remain as is in order to meet mechanical and chemical stability requirements. In this context, the present chapter aims at reviewing some eye-catchy strategies related to surface modification of natural and synthetic polymeric materials by surface-confined photo- and sonochemical polymerizations methods, termed as “grafting from” methods. We will therefore review the basic principles of the surface modification methods and detail the applications of selected systems.
Thermocouple Probes for Accurate Temperature Measurements in Short Duration Facilities (2002)

Due to the transient operation of short duration facilities (0.2–1.0s running time), fidelity in temperature reproduction requires both minimum steady-state errors and a frequency response above 20Hz. Even with the smallest thermocouple wire diameter (∼12μm), badly designed probes may suffer from unsteady heat conduction between wires and supports. The resulting error is often much larger than steady errors such as the effect of recovery factor. In this paper, the origins of steady and unsteady measurement errors are described and evaluated. An analytical modeling of the transient convection/conduction problem is presented. A number of probe designs are described and evaluated at different Reynolds number. The dynamic response is tested in a hot jet apparatus that generates temperature steps, with jet velocities up to 150m/s. The influence of the length/diameter ratio, the type of support and the presence of a shield on the dynamic response are addressed. The unsteady behavior of a thermocouple probe can be replicated with a combination of first order systems, which defines the transfer function of the probe. The relevant parameters are found by using an optimization routine that fits the numerical system response to the experimental response. This numerical model can be reversed to perform a frequency compensation of the measured data.
Secure and Efficient Attribute-Based Access Control for Multiauthority Cloud Storage (2016)

Cloud storage facilitates both individuals and enterprises to cost effectively share their data over the Internet. However, this also brings difficult challenges to the access control of shared data since few cloud servers can be fully trusted. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising approach that enables the data owners themselves to place fine-grained and cryptographically-enforced access control over outsourced data. In this paper, we present secure and cost-effective attribute-based data access control for cloud storage systems. Specifically, we construct a multiauthority CP-ABE scheme that features: 1) the system does not need a fully trusted central authority, and all attribute authorities independently issue secret keys for users; 2) each attribute authority can dynamically remove any user from its domain such that those revoked users cannot access subsequently outsourced data; 3) cloud servers can update the encrypted data from the current time period to the next one such that the revoked users cannot access those previously available data; and 4) the update of secret keys and ciphertext is performed in a public way. We show the merits of our scheme by comparing it with the related works, and further implement it to demonstrate its practicality. In addition, the proposed scheme is proven secure in the random oracle model.
Complex-shaped, finely-featured ZrC/W composites via shape-preserving reactive melt infiltration of porous WC structures fabricated by 3D ink extrusion (2021)

Complex-shaped, finely-featured, ultra-high-melting ZrC/W composite structures were produced by coupling, for the first time, three-dimensional (3D) ink-extrusion printing with shape/size-preserving reactive melt infiltration (the Displacive Compensation of Porosity, DCP, process). Inks containing sub-micron WC powders were printed at ambient temperature into either fine-scale structures (sub-millimeter filaments) or into a larger-scale, finely-featured 3D structure (a centimeter-scale nozzle with a sub-millimeter-thick wall). After organic binder removal, the printed structures were sintered at 1650 °C for 1 h to achieve a porosity of 50%. The porous, rigid WC structures then underwent ambient pressure infiltration and reaction with Zr-Cu liquid at up to 1350 °C for 2 h. The reaction of WC to yield more voluminous ZrC and W products filled prior pores (DCP process) to yield shape-preserved, dense ZrC/W structures after Cu dissolution from external surfaces. This new integrated approach opens the door to ultra-high-melting ceramic/metal composite structures with complex 3D shapes and fine (millimeter-scale) features.
Multiple sclerosis lesion enhancement and white matter region estimation\n using hyperintensities in FLAIR images (2018)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that affects more than 2\nmillion people worldwide. The most used imaging technique to help in its\ndiagnosis and follow-up is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fluid Attenuated\nInversion Recovery (FLAIR) images are usually acquired in the context of MS\nbecause lesions often appear hyperintense in this particular image weight,\nmaking it easier for physicians to identify them. Though lesions have a bright\nintensity profile, it may overlap with white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM)\ntissues, posing difficulties to be accurately segmented. In this sense, we\npropose a lesion enhancement technique to dim down WM and GM regions and\nhighlight hyperintensities, making them much more distinguishable than other\ntissues. We applied our technique to the ISBI 2015 MS Lesion Segmentation\nChallenge and took the average gray level intensity of MS lesions, WM and GM on\nFLAIR and enhanced images. The lesion intensity profile in FLAIR was on average\n25% and 19% brighter than white matter and gray matter, respectively;\ncomparatively, the same profile in our enhanced images was on average 444% and\n264% brighter. Such results mean a significant improvement on the intensity\ndistinction among these three clusters, which may come as aid both for experts\nand automated techniques. Moreover, a byproduct of our proposal is that the\nenhancement can be used to automatically estimate a mask encompassing WM and MS\nlesions, which may be useful for brain tissue volume assessment and improve MS\nlesion segmentation accuracy in future works.\n
Simple technique for measuring the injection current-induced frequency deviation of semiconductor lasers (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Yun Chur Chung and Thomas M. Shay, "Simple technique for measuring the injection current-induced frequency deviation of semiconductor lasers," Appl. Opt. 28, 648-649 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Neutron Diffraction Evidence of Microscopic Charge Inhomogeneities in theCuO2Plane of SuperconductingLa2−xSrxCuO4(0≤x≤0.30) (2000)

High-resolution atomic pair distribution functions have been obtained using neutron powder diffraction data from La2-xSrxCuO4 over the range of doping 0<or=x<or=0.30 at 10 K. Despite the average structure getting less orthorhombic, we see a broadening of the in-plane Cu-O bond distribution as a function of doping up to optimal doping. Thereafter the peak abruptly sharpens. The peak broadening can be well explained by a local microscopic coexistence of doped and undoped material. This suggests a crossover from a charge inhomogeneous state at and below optimal doping to a homogeneous charge state above optimal doping.
A robust and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of 5‐azacytidine (2015)

The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine is being evaluated clinically as an oral formulation to treat various solid tumors. A sensitive, reliable method was developed to quantitate 5-azacytidine using LC-MS/MS to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. The drug of interest was extracted from plasma using Oasis MCX ion exchange solid-phase extraction 96-well plates. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a YMC J'sphere M80 C18 column and isocratic elution with a methanol-water-formic acid (15:85:0.1, v/v/v) mobile phase over a 7 min total analytical run time. An AB Sciex 5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of 5-azacytidine. The assay range was 5-500 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (97.8-109.1%) and precise (CV ≤ 9.8%). Tetrahydrouridine was used to stabilize 5-azacytidine in blood/plasma samples. With the addition of tetrahydrouridine, long-term frozen plasma stability for 5-azacytidine at -70°C has been determined for at least 323 days. The method was applied for the measurement of total plasma concentrations of 5-azacytidine in a cancer patient receiving a 300 mg oral daily dose.
Complement-mediated tumor cell damage induced by antibodies against membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46). (1990)

We have developed polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) to use as tools to investigate the functions of MCP on intact nucleated cells. Two human T cell lines, CEM and TALL, are CR1- and DAF-. Pretreatment of these cell lines with M177 and polyclonal anti-MCP, which inhibit cofactor activity almost completely, resulted in effective C3 deposition immediately following addition of these cells to Mg2+/EGTA/human sera. The deposited C3 remained expressed partly on the cell surface and most of them were gradually converted to C3bi. Some of the deposited C3 were complexed with membrane proteins, since 140- and 250-kD bands became significantly accumulated on SDS-PAGE by treatment with the antibodies. We next tested whether these C3-coated cells were damaged by complement-mediated cytolysis. p18, an inhibitor of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation, was negative in TALL but positive in CEM. TALL was lysed efficiently only by treatment with the polyclonal anti-MCP, while CEM showed only slight lysis with the same treatment. Monoclonal antibodies to MCP, including M177, caused only minimal cell destruction. Based on these results, together with the fact that decay-accelerating factor (DAF) serves as a factor for preventing C3 attack on human cells, we conclude that MCP and DAF cooperatively protect host cells from C3 targeting and, in these T cell lines, MCP is sufficient for preventing C3 deposition even without DAF. After all, human cells undergo almost no autologous complement-mediated cytolysis if they express at least one of the functionally active inhibitors, MCP, DAF, or p18.
The European UTMS/IMT2000 license auctions (2001)

We survey the recent European UMTS license auctions and compare&#13;\ntheir outcomes with the predictions of a simple model that emphasizes future&#13;\nmarket structure as a main determinant of valuations for licenses. Since the&#13;\nmain goal of most spectrum allocation procedures is economic efficiency, and&#13;\nsince consumers (who are affected by the ensuing market structure) do not&#13;\nparticipate at the auction stage, good designs must alleviate the asymmetry&#13;\namong incumbents and potential entrants by actively encouraging entry.
[Efficacy of isosorbide-5-mononitrate retard in patients with stable exertional angina]. (2005)

The aim of the study was to evaluate efficiency of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IMN) retard (40 to 80 mg/day) in 33 patients older than 60 with stable angina pectoris (functional class III-IV). The study shows that IMN is an effective and safe antianginal agent in treatment of patients with stable angina: it decreased the frequency of anginal attacks (from 4.1 +/- 0.34 to 0.8 +/- 0.13 per day, p < 0.0001), and additional nitroglycerin intake (from 2.2 +/- 0.32 to 0.2 +/- 0.05 tablets per day, p < 0.0001); according to the results of 24-hour ECG monitoring, it reduced ST-segment depression (from 2.2 +/- 0.17 to 0.9 +/- 0.09, p < 0.0001), preventing episodes of painful and silent myocardial ischemia (from 3.5 +/- 0.37 to 2.1 +/- 0.31, p < 0.0001); increased life quality as demonstrated by evaluation of physical (from 19.7 +/- 2.2 to 45.7 +/- 2.22, p < 0.0001), and mental (from 30.9 +/- 2.67 to 57.5 +/- 2.67, p < 0.0001) components using MOS-SF 36 questionnaire. Adverse effects of the drug (headache and hypotension) were observed in 6 (16.6%) patients.
W-1-3-2 Motion and Vibration Control of Flexible-Link Mechanism with Smart Structure (2002)

This study is concerned with the motion and vibration control strategy for a flexible-link mechanism composed of smart structures in order to achieve the high performance and stability. Reducing vibration and making positioning time faster are simultaneously required in this system. Technology of smart structures is introduced in the flexible-link system to achieve the vibration reduction. The smart flexible-link is composed of the flexible-link and the piezoelectric film which has the sensor/actuator functions for itself, and so its mechanism is extremely suitable for controlling the vibration. Modeling and control strategy are presented to enhance the motion and vibration control performance.
Vibrio cholerae Cholix toxin-induced HepG2 cell death is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha through ROS and intracellular signal-regulated kinases (2017)

Cholix toxin (Cholix) from Vibrio cholerae is a potent virulence factor exhibiting ADP-ribosyltransferase activity on eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) of host cells, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis. Administration of Cholix or its homologue Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PEA) to mice causes lethal hepatocyte damage. In this study, we demonstrate cytotoxicity of Cholix on human hepatocytes in the presence of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which has been reported to play a fatal role in PEA administered to mice. Compared with incubating HepG2 cells with Cholix alone, co-treatment with TNF-α and Cholix (TNF-α/Cholix) significantly enhanced the activation of caspases, cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, while incubation with TNF-α alone or co-treatment with TNF-α/catalytically inactive Cholix did not. In the early stage of cell death, Cholix increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (e.g., p38, ERK, JNK) and Akt, which was not affected by TNF-α alone. MAPK inhibitors (SP600125, SB20852, and U0126) suppressed PARP cleavage induced by TNF-α/Cholix. Protein kinase inhibitor Go6976 suppressed JNK phosphorylation and PARP cleavage by TNF-α/Cholix. In contrast, PKC activator PMA in the absence of TNF-α promoted Cholix-induced PARP cleavage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), suppressed TNF-α/Cholix-induced JNK and ERK phosphorylation, resulting in inhibition of PARP cleavage. These data suggest that ROS and JNK pathways are important mediators of TNF-α/Cholix-induced HepG2 cell death.
Ortho-Para Conversion of Molecularly Chemisorbed H<sub>2</sub> on Pd(210) (2021)

A unique molecularly chemisorption of H2 occurs on some stepped surfaces in addition to the typical adsorption schemes of physisorption and dissociation. In the present study, the rotational state and ortho-to-para (o-p) conversion of the molecularly chemisorbed H2 on Pd(210) at a surface temperature of 50 K were probed by combining a pulsed molecular beam, photo-stimulated desorption and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization techniques. We experimentally demonstrated that the o-p conversion proceeds with a conversion time constant of ～2 s that is 2–3 orders of magnitude smaller than those reported for physisorption systems. The origins of such fast conversion and the rotational state distribution of H2 in molecular chemisorption state are discussed.
Status of the Danish SOFC Program (2001)

The Danish Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Program has been extended for a period of five years. A new, mechanically strong and cost effective anode-supported cell with a performance of 0.3 Ωcm2 at 850°C forms the basis of a scale-up program element, which carries the cell to continuous production in a new pre-pilot plant. Strong emphasis will be attached to analysis of ageing phenomena with the aim of enhancing cell durability and a search will be made for non-destructive techniques, which are suitable for continuous quality assessment. The program aims at public demonstration of Danish cell- and stacking technology within a 3-year period. Parallel continuation of long term R&D in materials and processes aims at further reduction of operating temperature and the stack mass production cost.