gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dataset of Dynamic Reverberant Sound Scenes with Directional\n Interferers for Sound Event Localization and Detection (2021)

This report presents the dataset and baseline of Task 3 of the DCASE2021\nChallenge on Sound Event Localization and Detection (SELD). The dataset is\nbased on emulation of real recordings of static or moving sound events under\nreal conditions of reverberation and ambient noise, using spatial room impulse\nresponses captured in a variety of rooms and delivered in two spatial formats.\nThe acoustical synthesis remains the same as in the previous iteration of the\nchallenge, however the new dataset brings more challenging conditions of\npolyphony and overlapping instances of the same class. The most important\ndifference of the new dataset is the introduction of directional interferers,\nmeaning sound events that are localized in space but do not belong to the\ntarget classes to be detected and are not annotated. Since such interfering\nevents are expected in every real-world scenario of SELD, the new dataset aims\nto promote systems that deal with this condition effectively. A modified\nSELDnet baseline employing the recent ACCDOA representation of SELD problems\naccompanies the dataset and it is shown to outperform the previous one. The new\ndataset is shown to be significantly more challenging for both baselines\naccording to all considered metrics. To investigate the individual and combined\neffects of ambient noise, interferers, and reverberation, we study the\nperformance of the baseline on different versions of the dataset excluding or\nincluding combinations of these factors. The results indicate that by far the\nmost detrimental effects are caused by directional interferers.\n
Effects of material property and heat treatment on nanomechanical properties of chitosan films (2008)

The influence of degree of deacetylation (DDA), molecular weight (MW), and heat treatment on nanomechanical properties of three different chitosan coatings was assessed. Chitosans (2.5 wt % in 2% acetic acid) were solution cast and bonded to glass slides, subjected to 40, 70, or 90 degrees C heat treatments for 1 h, and then allowed to air dry. Non-heat treated films were used as controls. The nanomechanical and structural properties were evaluated using quasi-static nanoindentation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoindentation results showed that the coating with the lowest MW and highest DDA (95.6% DDA and MW = 2.43 x 10(6) Da) had higher reduced modulus of elasticity, (E = 4.02 +/- 0.85 GPa) as compared to the other chitosans; 76.1% DDA/MW = 3.20 x 10(6) Da, E = 3.66 +/- 0.68 GPa, and 92.3% DDA/MW = 7.52 x 10(6) Da, E = 3.56 +/- 0.25 GPa; (n = 75, p < 0.05). Crystallinity index, estimated via XRD, ranged from 36.4% +/- 1% to 49.7% +/- 6.5%. AFM revealed the presence of different crystalline morphologies such as needle-like crystals, sheet-like crystals, and small spherulites. The heat treatments applied during solution casting of the chitosan coatings did not affect morphology or nanomechanical properties. In conclusion, nanomechanical properties of chitosan coatings varied with DDA and MW and may be important to cell/tissue interactions.
Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2014)

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials From Eeg Data Recorded During Fmri-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Cross-Version Singing Voice Detection In Classical Opera Recordings. (2015)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Diamond electronic devices fabricated using heavily doped hopping p+and n+layers (2014)

Diamond diodes with extremely low on-resistance are introduced and discussed. Heavily boron-doped p+-type and phosphorus-doped n+-type diamond films with hopping conduction at room temperature are utilized. These diamond films have a unique property, that is, their resistivity decreases drastically even at a high impurity concentration of ∼1020 cm−3 without degrading the crystallinity. This unique property is applied to two kinds of diamond diodes. One is a p+–i–n+ junction diode. The other is a Schottky-pn diode consisting of the combination of the p+–n and n-type Schottky junctions. Current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics are evaluated for both diodes. Switching characteristics are also evaluated for Schottky-pn diodes. The results show a low on-resistance on the order of mΩ cm2 and fast switching on the ns order. These results indicate that the low-loss diamond diodes can be realized by using the hopping p+- and n+-type layers.
Refractive index measurements of multicellular tumour spheroids using optical coherence tomography: dependence on growth phase and size (2019)

Knowledge of optical properties, such as the refractive index (RI), of biological tissues is important in optical imaging, as they influence the distribution and propagation of light in tissue. To accurately study the response of cancerous cells to drugs, optimised imaging protocols are required. This study uses a simple custom-built spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to conduct RI measurements of multicellular spheroids, three-dimensional \textit{in-vitro} culture systems, of the cell line HCT116. The spheroid RIs are compared to study the effect of growth time. To improve confocal microscopy imaging protocols, two immersion media (glycerol and ScaleView-A2) matching the spheroid RIs were trialled, with the aim to reduce the RI mismatch between the spheroid and the immersion medium and thus improving imaging depth with confocal microscopy. ScaleView-A2 (n = 1.380) aided in achieving greater depths of imaging of the multicellular spheroids under confocal microscopy. This improvement in imaging depth confirmed the utility of our RI measurements, proving the promising outlook of OCT as a complementary tool to microscopy in cancer research.
Catalytic Denitrification in a Trickle Bed Reactor: Ion Exchange Waste Brine Treatment (2017)

Catalytic reduction of nitrate in ion exchange (IX) waste brine for reuse is a promising option for reducing IX costs and environmental impacts. A recycling trickle bed reactor (TBR) was designed and optimized using 0.5 percent by weight (wt%) palladium–0.05 wt% indium catalysts supported on US mesh size 12 × 14 or 12 × 30 activated carbon particles. Various liquid superficial velocities (U r ) and hydrogen gas superficial velocities (U g‐H2 ) were evaluated to assess performance in different flow regimes; catalyst activity increased with U g‐H2 at all U r for both catalysts and was greatest for the 12 × 30 catalyst at the lowest U r (8.9 m/h). The 12 × 30 catalyst demonstrated up to 100% higher catalytic activity and 280% higher mass transfer rate compared with the 12 × 14 catalyst. Optimal TBR performance was achieved with both catalysts in the trickle flow regime. The results indicate that the TBR is a promising step forward, and continued improvements are possible to overcome remaining mass transfer limitations.
Prolonged Mechanical Noise Restores Tactile Sense in Diabetic Neuropathic Patients (2009)

Acute application of stochastic resonance (SR), defined as a subsensory level of mechanical noise presented directly to sensory neurons, improves the vibration and tactile perception in diabetic patients with mild to moderate neuropathy. This study examined the effect of 1 hour of continuous SR stimulation on sensory nerve function. Twenty diabetic patients were studied. The effect of stimulation was measured at 2 time points, at the beginning and after 60 minutes of continual SR stimulation. This effect was measured using the vibration perception threshold (VPT) at the big toe under 2 conditions: a null (no SR) condition and active SR, defined as mechanical noise below the subject's own threshold of perception. The measurements under null and active conditions were done randomly and the examiner was blinded regarding the type of condition. Immediately after SR application, the VPT with SR in null condition was similar to baseline (32.2 +/- 13.1, P = nonsignificant) but was significantly lower during active SR (27.4 +/- 11.9) compared with both baseline (P = .018) and off position (P = .045). The 60 minutes VPT with active SR (28.7 +/- 11.1) reached significance comparing the baseline when one outlier was removed from the analysis (P = .031). It may be concluded that SR for a continuous 60-minute period can sustain the VPT improvement in diabetic patients with moderate to severe neuropathy. These results permit the conclusion that there is no short-term adaptation to the stimulation signal. Long-term application of this technique, perhaps in the form of a continually vibrating shoe insert, or insole, may result in sustained improvement of nerve function.
A Glucose Sensor Based on an Aminophenyl Boronic Acid Bonded Conducting Polymer (2011)

Abstract 3‐Aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA) bonded on the conducting polymer layer was prepared and used for detection of saccharides through the complexation between boronic acid and diol groups of saccharide. The probe was prepared by electropolymerization of 5,2′ : 5,2′′‐terthiophene‐3′‐carboxylic acid (TTCA), followed by covalent bond formation with APBA. It provides the site for the formation of tetrahedral boronate ester on the polymer layer (pTTCA). Each surface was characterized by CV, XPS, and QCM. Results show a dynamic range between 0.9 and 9.1 µM and a detection limit of 0.49 µM for glucose. The sensor was also applied for the detection of other saccharides including galactose and mannose. The performance of the sensor was evaluated in a human saliva sample.
Trapped ion quantum computation with transverse phonon modes (2006)

We propose a scheme to implement quantum gates on any pair of trapped ions immersed in a large linear crystal, using interaction mediated by the transverse phonon modes. Compared with the conventional approaches based on the longitudinal phonon modes, this scheme is much less sensitive to ion heating and thermal motion outside of the Lamb-Dicke limit thanks to the stronger confinement in the transverse direction. The cost for such a gain is only a moderate increase of the laser power to achieve the same gate speed. We also show how to realize arbitrary-speed quantum gates with transverse phonon modes based on simple shaping of the laser pulses.
CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonism promotes remodeling and cannabinoid treatment prevents endothelial dysfunction and hypotension in rats with myocardial infarction (2003)

To study the long‐term effects of altered cannabinoid receptor activity on myocardial and vascular function, Wistar rats were treated with the selective CB 1 antagonist AM‐251 (0.5 mg kg −1 d −1 ), the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU‐210 (50 μ g kg −1 d −1 ) or vehicle for 12 weeks after coronary artery ligation or sham operation. AM‐251 further reduced the pressure‐generating capacity, shifted the pressure volume curve to the right ( P &lt;0.05) and increased the left‐ventricular operating volume (AM‐251: 930±40 μ l vs control: 820±40 μ l vs HU‐210: 790±50 μ l; P &lt;0.05) in rats with large myocardial infarction (MI). Left‐ventricular CB 1 immunoactivity in rats 12 weeks after large MI was unaltered as compared with noninfarcted hearts. Cannabinoid receptor activation through HU‐210, a cannabinoid that alters cardiovascular parameters via CB 1 receptors, increased the left‐ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP, P &lt;0.05). However, it prevented the drop in left‐ventricular systolic pressure (HU‐210: 142±5 mm Hg; P &lt;0.05 vs control: 124±3 mm Hg; and P &lt;0.001 vs AM‐251: 114±3 mm Hg) and prevented endothelial dysfunction (ED) in aortic rings of rats with large MI ( P &lt;0.05). Compared with AM‐251, HU‐210 prevented the decline in the maximal rate of rise of left‐ventricular pressure and the maximum pressure‐generating ability ( P &lt;0.05). In rats with small MI, HU‐210 increased cardiac index ( P &lt;0.01) and lowered the total peripheral resistance ( P &lt;0.05). The study shows that during the development of congestive heart failure post‐large MI, cannabinoid treatment increases LVEDP and prevents hypotension and ED. Presumed CB 1 antagonism promotes remodeling despite unchanged myocardial CB 1 expression. British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138 , 1251–1258. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705156
Abstract 5007: Variability in the Response to Aspirin (2009)

Low dose aspirin is efficacious in the secondary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction. It has been suggested that a syndrome of “aspirin resistance” constrains its efficacy. Despite this concern, no clear definition of aspirin resistance or a segregation of its elements has emerged and estimates of its frequency have varied up to 50% of aspirin users. We aimed to determine the incidence of an internally consistent, stable and specific “aspirin resistant” phenotype. Healthy volunteers (n=314; targeted enrollment n=400) were screened for their platelet aggregation response before and 4 or 8 hours after a single oral dose of 325 mg enteric coated aspirin testing four stimuli of platelet activation including arachidonic acid (AA). Individuals who showed a less than 60% inhibition upon AA stimulation underwent repeat testing. Individuals who failed to respond to aspirin twice were exposed to low dose aspirin (81 mg) and clopidogrel (75 mg) for one week each in a cross over design. Inhibition of the cyclooxygenases was assessed in ex vivo whole blood assays and by mass spectrometric quantitation of urinary prostaglandin metabolites. On the first occasion, 102 (32.5%) subjects responded with a reduction of the AA induced aggregation by less than 60%. However, only 23 subjects (7.3%) remained non-responsive when aspirin was added to the assay in vitro. Six individuals (1.9%) remained non-responsive when tested a second time. Currently, only one individual remains non-responsive upon exposure to low dose aspirin (81 mg daily for one week) on the third replicate measurement. There was a striking inverse relationship between “exposure” and “non-responsiveness”: Both, prolonging the post dosing interval and adding increasing concentrations of aspirin in vitro reduced the number of non-responsive individuals. Variable pharmacokinetics caused a high frequency of apparent non-responsiveness to a single dose of 325 mg enteric coated aspirin. The majority of individuals responded to aspirin upon repeated exposure, extension the post dosing interval or addition of aspirin in vitro. The incidence of internally consistent, stable and specific “aspirin resistance” - which might be explained by genetic causes - is lower than 1% in healthy individuals.
Pre-clinical evaluation of the anti-tumor activity of the IGF1R - specific anitbody AVE1642 (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

1225 

Modulation of IGF1R function is critical for the proliferation and survival of many cancer cells. Down-regulation of IGF1R function inhibits the growth and tumorigenicity of various cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, IGF1R is considered as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment, particularly in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. To this end, we designed the murine antibody EM164 and its humanized version AVE1642, which specifically bind to the human IGF1R (Kd ∼0.1 nM), blocking IGF-1 binding, receptor activation and IGF1R-mediated cell growth and survival (Maloney et al. 2003, Cancer Res., 63:5073). Both antibodies have similar IGF-1R affinity and biological activity both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, EM164 does not bind to the closely related insulin receptor, strongly reducing the risk of metabolic side effects. In vitro, EM164 significantly reduced the growth (>20% inhibition of Thymidine uptake in 10% serum) of approximately 10% of over 90 tumor cell lines tested (colon: HT29, pediatric neuroblastoma: TC-71, RD-ES, SK-N-MC, SK-NF1, sarcoma: Saos-2, NSCLC: H838, H322M, Hop18). In vivo efficacy of EM164 was evaluated in an IGF1R-dependent tumor model. Murine embryo fibroblasts (MEF), expressing the human IGF1R gene under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter, formed tumors in NMRInu/nu mice, whereas the parental MEF cells were not tumorigenic. Activity of EM164 (0.4-40 mg/kg/injection, 2x week for 2 weeks) was evaluated in dose response studies on mice bearing established IGF1R-dependent tumors (250 mm3). At the highest dose tested 100% partial regressions and 6/11 complete regressions were obtained. EM164 was profiled against several human xenograft models. 5 out of 27 models were found sensitive including human pancreatic cancer model BxPC-3. In nude mice inoculated with BxPC-3 cells, EM164, administered at 40, 4 and 0.4 mg/kg/IP, 2-3x week for 8 weeks, exhibited anti-tumor activity (log cell kill of 1.9, 1.7 and 1.8 respectively), with tumor escape at the end of therapy. In a tumor metastasis model in which HT-29 cells were implanted in the spleen to obtain liver metastases, treatment with EM164 (40mg/kg/injection, 2x week for 7 weeks) significantly reduced the growth of liver metastases (Mean liver weight of treated vs. vehicle treated mice 1.48g vs. 1.85g, p=0.01). In all tumor xenografts, i.e. both responsive and non-responsive, EM164 treatment (4-40 mg/kg) resulted in a 50-90 % decrease of IGF1R protein level. Taken together, these data showed that by downregulating the IGF1R receptor EM164 effectively inhibited tumor growth of some primary and secondary tumors. These data support the development of AVE1642 for the treatment of cancer patients. Given that only a fraction of tumors appeared responsive to the antibody, further understanding of the tumor characteristics determining susceptibility to the treatment will be important for success.
Degrees East: The Making of the University of East London 1892-1992 (1996)

When the University of East London was designated by the Privy Council in June 1992, it already had an institutional history of nearly 100 years. During that time the problems of higher education - problems of numbers, governance, standards, level of work, purpose and funding - received many different solutions in universities, polytechnics and colleges. No institution had a richer experience of these various solutions than the University of East London. The history of the University is thus an example of the changes, controversies and dilemmas of British higher education at large. Now an independent corporation, it began in two bursts of civic enterprise in Stratford and Dagenham. Its students at various times took the degrees of the University of London and the CNAA. Its academic work has been in both the autonomous and service traditions. It has been funded by local authorities and by central government. After 1970 it was a leading force in the establishment of a distinct idea of a polytechnic. Now, the University can be seen as a continuing solution to educational, social and economic problems.
Large-scale silicon photonics circuit design (2014)

Silicon photonics has become a promising technology for photonic integrated circuits. During the past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of silicon photonic circuits, which introduces many new design challenges and creates a need for efficient and standardized design flows. We have developed a complete design flow that combines mature electronic design automation (EDA) software with optical simulation software. This flow makes it possible to reliably design, simulate, layout and manufacture large-scale silicon photonic circuits in a unified environment.
Using link types in Web page ranking and filtering (2005)

Corresponding to the evolution of the Web from the poorly structured towards more structured, semantic rich network, search methods that apply to it are also evolving from using little structural and semantic information to using more such information that is available. This paper proposes a ranking and filtering mechanism that makes use of link types that is representable with new Web standards. We suggest that page ranking can be propagational through links and the propagational rates depend on the types of the links and users' specific set of interests. Page filtering can be decided based on link types combined with some other information relevant to links. For either a ranking or filtering task, a profile containing a set of ranking or filtering rules to be followed in the task can be specified to reflect users' specific interests. Technical issues in implementing the mechanism in a search system are also discussed.
Benefits of Sparse Tableau Over Nodal Admittance Formulation for Power-Flow Studies (2019)

Assembly of power-flow equations has traditionally begun from a nodal analysis formulation of the underlying transmission circuit's behavior. Most power-flow formulations encapsulate network constraints in the bus admittance matrix, Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> . From a circuit perspective, this admittance representation restricts the network elements to be voltage controlled; resulting drawbacks treating zero-impedance branches in such applications as state estimation have long been recognized. This paper explores the advantages of the alternatives to Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> -based formulations in power flow. It proposes a sparse tableau formulation (STF), and it demonstrates its computational efficiency, robustness, and generality in detailed comparison to traditional Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> -based solution algorithms. In the examples of power networks ranging from 1888 to 82 000 buses, computational case studies indicate that STF provides comparable computational speed, while allowing simple treatment of zero-impedance branches and more reliably converging to solutions in many cases for which Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> -based Newton algorithms diverge.