gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The SKS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for long‐term adaptation of snf3 null strains to low glucose (1998)

The SKS1 gene was originally identified as a multicopy suppressor of the growth defect of snf3 null mutations on low glucose concentrations. Snf3p is required for the rapid induction of HXT2 during growth on low substrate concentrations. Loss of Snf3p leads to a dramatic delay in expression of HXT2. Adaptation to low substrate concentrations does not occur in snf3 sks1 double null mutant strains, suggesting that SKS1 is required for the glucose-dependent expression of HXT2 in the absence of Snf3p activity. Over-expression of SKS1 leads to over-expression of Hxt2p, thus explaining the mechanism of suppression of the snf3 defect. SKS1 defines a novel, Snf3p-independent pathway for the expression of Hxt2p. Under certain growth conditions, over-expression of SKS1 itself leads to a growth defect which is diminished in snf3 hxt2 double mutants. This suggests that over-expression of Hxt2p at physiologically inappropriate times is detrimental to the cells.
FireNose on Mobile Robot in Harsh Environments (2019)

In this work we present a novel multi-sensor unit, a.k.a. FireNose, to detect and discriminate both known and unknown gases in uncontrolled conditions to aid firefighters under harsh conditions. The unit includes three metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors with CMOS micro heaters, a plasmonic enhanced non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor optimized for the detection of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , a commercial temperature humidity sensor, and a flow sensor. We developed custom film coatings for the MOX sensors (SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and NiO) which greatly improved the gas sensitivity, response time and lifetime of the miniature devices. Our proposed system exhibits promising performance for gas sensing in harsh environments, in terms of power consumption (~ 35 mW at 350°C per MOX sensor), response time (<; 10 s), robustness and physical size. The sensing unit was evaluated with plumes of gases in both, a laboratory setup on a gas testing rig and on-board a mobile robot operating indoors. These high sensitivity, high-bandwidth sensors, together with online unsupervised gas discrimination algorithms, are able to detect and generate their spatial distribution maps accordingly. In the robotic experiments, the resulting gas distribution maps corresponded well to the actual location of the sources. Therefore, we verified its ability to differentiate gases and generate gas maps in real-world experiments.
Reciprocated suppression of polymer crystallization toward improved solid polymer electrolytes: Higher ion conductivity and tunable mechanical properties (2015)

ABSTRACT Solid polymer electrolytes based on lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and polymer matrix were extensively studied in the past due to their excellent potential in a broad range of energy related applications. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are among the most examined polymer candidates as solid polymer electrolyte matrix. In this work, we study the effect of reciprocated suppression of polymer crystallization in PVDF/PEO binary matrix on ion transport and mechanical properties of the resultant solid polymer electrolytes. With electron and X‐ray diffractions as well as energy filtered transmission electron microscopy, we identify and examine the appropriate blending composition that is responsible for the diminishment of both PVDF and PEO crystallites. A three‐fold conductivity enhancement is achieved along with a highly tunable elastic modulus ranging from 20 to 200 MPa, which is expected to contribute toward future designs of solid polymer electrolytes with high room‐temperature ion conductivities and mechanical flexibility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53 , 1450–1457
Calcium Responses to Caffeine and Muscarinic Receptor Agonists Are Altered in Traumatically Injured Neurons (2002)

A fundamental mechanism that is believed to contribute to neuronal injury and death following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in cellular calcium homeostasis. Of primary importance to these homeostatic mechanisms are intracellular calcium stores located on the endoplasmic reticulum. These intracellular stores play an important role in maintaining normal levels of calcium and calcium-mediated signaling through these stores is critical to several physiological processes in neurons. Using an in vitro model of stretch-induced traumatic injury and fura-2 digital calcium imaging, we investigated alterations in calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) and inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP(3))-linked signaling through intracellular calcium stores in populations of cultured rat cortical neurons. Caffeine, which stimulates CICR, produced a rapid elevation of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in 70% of uninjured neurons. Fifteen min after injury the population of caffeine-responsive neurons was reduced to 30%. The IP(3)-linked muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, CDD-0097 HCl and McN-A-343, produced elevations in [Ca(2+)](i) in 91% and 70% of uninjured neurons, respectively. Following injury the population of responders was reduced to 19% and 26%, respectively. Differential responses to agonists were also noted after injury, in which the majority of neurons within a given culture well were unresponsive to agonists while others elicited a normal elevation of calcium. These results suggest disruptions in intracellular calcium store-mediated signaling and altered calcium signaling population dynamics following injury. These alterations could affect normal neurotransmission in the brain and may contribute to some of the pathology of TBI.
The Relation between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and the Quantity of Cotinine in the Urine of School Children in Taif City, Saudi Arabia (2016)

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major public health problem for all ages. Despite the high prevalence of smoking among the Saudi population, there is limited information about levels of urinary cotinine in Saudi children exposed to SHS. The aim of the study was to assess the exposure of schoolchildren to ETS, and measure their urinary cotinine levels. Multistage cluster sampling was carried out, where schoolchildren from 4 schools were randomly chosen from primary schools in Taif city. A questionnaire including questions on SHS exposure and smoking rules in the residence were sent to students parents/guardians. Urine samples were taken and analyzed for total cotinine using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Of the studied children, 38.4% had a smoking father, 61.8%, 41.2% and 49.3% of them were exposed to ETS indoors, outdoors and both indoors and outdoors respectively. The mean urinary cotinine was significantly higher among children exposed to ETS compared to unexposed children. Urinary cotinine levels in children with both indoor and outdoor exposure was significantly higher compared with its level in children with single exposure. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary cotinine concentrations and the number of cigarette packs smoked by parents, and the number of smokers in the residence. The mean urinary cotinine level was significantly higher in children who reported no smoking rules at the residence.. The study revealed a high exposure of Saudi children to ETS. An antismoking media awareness campaign on the harmful effects of ETS should be carried out, in addition to family counseling programs targeted to parents to protect their children from ETS.
Mimicking an Induced Self Phenotype by Coating Lymphomas with the NKp30 Ligand B7-H6 Promotes NK Cell Cytotoxicity (2012)

Induced self expression of the NKp30 ligand B7-H6 facilitates NK cell-mediated elimination of stressed cells. A fusion protein consisting of the ectodomain of B7-H6 and the CD20 single-chain fragment variable 7D8 was generated to mimic an induced self phenotype required for NK cell-mediated target cell elimination. B7-H6:7D8 had bifunctional properties as reflected by its ability to simultaneously bind to the CD20 Ag and to the NKp30 receptor. B7-H6:7D8 bound by CD20(+) lymphoma cells activated human NK cells and triggered degranulation. Consequently, the immunoligand B7-H6:7D8 induced killing of lymphoma-derived cell lines as well as fresh tumor cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma patients. B7-H6:7D8 was active at nanomolar concentrations in a strictly Ag-specific manner and required interaction with both CD20 and NKp30. Remarkably, NK cell cytotoxicity was further augmented by concomitant activation of Fcγ receptor IIIa or NK group 2 member D. Thus, B7-H6:7D8 acted synergistically with the CD20 Ab rituximab and the immunoligand ULBP2:7D8, which was similarly designed as B7-H6:7D8 but engaging the NK group 2 member D receptor. In conclusion, to our knowledge, B7-H6:7D8 represents the first Ab-based molecule stimulating NKp30-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity for therapeutic purposes and provides proof of concept that Ag-specific NKp30 engagement may represent an innovative strategy to enhance antitumoral NK cell cytotoxicity.
Translating the Brain-Machine Interface (2013)

Brain-machine and brain-computer interface technologies hold great promise for use in the recovery of sensory and motor functions lost as a result of nervous-system injuries or limb amputations. This Perspective describes the current state of noninvasive and invasive technologies with a view to potential applications. The scientific and technological challenges and barriers to translation are critically analyzed for a variety of approaches.
A hierarchical variable-sized block transform coding scheme for coding efficiency improvement on H.264/AVC (2010)

In this paper, a rate-distortion optimized variable block transform coding scheme is proposed based on a hierarchical structured transform for macroblock (MB) coding with a set of the order-4 and −8 integer cosine transform (ICT) kernels of H.264/AVC as well as a new order-16 ICT kernel. The set of order-4, −8 and −16 ICT kernels are applied for inter-predictive coding in square (4×4, 8×8 or 16×16) or non-square (16×8 or 8×16) transform for each MB in a hierarchical structured manner. The proposed hierarchical variable-sized block transform scheme using the order-16 ICT kernel achieves significant bitrate reduction up to 15%, compared to the High profile of H.264/AVC. Even if the number of candidates for the transform types increases, the encoding time can be reduced to average 4–6% over the H.264/AVC
Distribution of Mahogany/Attractin mRNA in the rat central nervous system (1999)

The Mahogany/Attractin gene (Atrn) has been proposed as a downstream mediator of Agouti signaling because yellow hair color and obesity in lethal yellow (A(y)) mice are suppressed by the mahogany (Atrn(mg)) mutation. The present study examined the distribution of Atrn mRNA in the brain and spinal cord by in situ hybridization. Atrn mRNA was found widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, with high levels in regions of the olfactory system, some limbic structures, regions of the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. In the hypothalamus, Atrn mRNA was found in specific nuclei including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, the medial preoptic nucleus, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and the arcuate nucleus. These results suggest a broad spectrum of physiological functions for the Atrn gene product.
Experimental design and response surface analysis of pesticide trials (1987)

Abstract The search for combinations of pesticides or herbicides which have a synergistic effect is an important area of study and one which presents challenges for the statistician as well as for the experimenter. The aim is to find and to describe the interaction between a number of quantitative factors, and having done so to determine a combination which is economically optimal for a given level of control. The present paper discusses the role of a family of response functions called Inverse Polynomials to describe such phenomena. Examples are given of such functions and it is shown how it is possible to fit these functions to data and to plot the results on a routine basis. The importance of the experimental design for the estimation of such nonlinear regression models is investigated, and examples are given of experimental designs which are ‘optimal’ with respect to particular aims of the experimenter.
On bifurcation in local and nonlocal materials with tension and compression damage (2000)

In the present work an isotropic damage model for concrete accounting separately for progressive degradation of the elastic properties under prevailing tension and compression stress states is considered in both local and nonlocal forms. The possible occurrence of material instabilities in the form of strain localization is analyzed. For the local model, the bifurcation conditions at the onset of strain localization are first solved in terms of the critical values of the damage variables. Next, in order to avoid ill-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem, two nonlocal enhancements are provided through integral averaging or gradient dependency. The regularizing properties of both nonlocal formulations are explored. The expressions of the characteristic lengths implicitly introduced by the nonlocal enhancements are derived through a one-dimensional wave propagation analysis. Such results are confirmed by preliminary numerical FE simulations of the quasi-static response of a tensile bar analyzed with the nonlocal damage model.
An ultrawideband CMOS low-noise amplifier for 3.1-10.6-GHz wireless receivers (2004)

An ultrawideband 3.1-10.6-GHz low-noise amplifier employing an input three-section band-pass Chebyshev filter is presented. Fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process, the IC prototype achieves a power gain of 9.3 dB with an input match of -10 dB over the band, a minimum noise figure of 4 dB, and an IIP3 of -6.7 dBm while consuming 9 mW.
Rapid Selection and Proliferation of CD133(+) Cells from Cancer Cell Lines: Chemotherapeutic Implications (2010)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered a subset of the bulk tumor responsible for initiating and maintaining the disease. Several surface cellular markers have been recently used to identify CSCs. Among those is CD133, which is expressed by hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as embryonic stem cells and various cancers. We have recently isolated and cultured CD133 positive [CD133+] cells from various cancer cell lines using a NASA developed Hydrodynamic Focusing Bioreactor (HFB) (Celdyne, Houston, TX). For comparison, another bioreactor, the rotary cell culture system (RCCS) manufactured by Synthecon (Houston, TX) was used. Both the HFB and the RCCS bioreactors simulate aspects of hypogravity. In our study, the HFB increased CD133+ cell growth from various cell lines compared to the RCCS vessel and to normal gravity control. We observed a +15-fold proliferation of the CD133+ cellular fraction with cancer cells that were cultured for 7-days at optimized conditions. The RCCS vessel instead yielded a (-)4.8-fold decrease in the CD133+cellular fraction respect to the HFB after 7-days of culture. Interestingly, we also found that the hypogravity environment of the HFB greatly sensitized the CD133+ cancer cells, which are normally resistant to chemo treatment, to become susceptible to various chemotherapeutic agents, paving the way to less toxic and more effective chemotherapeutic treatment in patients. To be able to test the efficacy of cytotoxic agents in vitro prior to their use in clinical setting on cancer cells as well as on cancer stem cells may pave the way to more effective chemotherapeutic strategies in patients. This could be an important advancement in the therapeutic options of oncologic patients, allowing for more targeted and personalized chemotherapy regimens as well as for higher response rates.
Design and implementation of high-speed signal processing system for 2-D state-space digital filters using distributed arithmetic (2002)

A high-speed signal processing system for 2-D state-space digital filter is proposed. The architecture of the signal processing system is a linear systolic array. The performance of the system implemented with discrete ICs is evaluated. One processing element of the system consists of 2750 gates and 2.5 kbit ROMs and thus can be integrated into a single LSI chip. The processing time of the system is 10.1 ms for 2-D signals of size 512*512. Thus, the proposed system can process television images in real time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effects of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on oral bacteria including those producing hydrogen sulfide (2003)

A clinical procedure was developed to examine the effects of short-term and extended use of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice and a commercial fluoride dentifrice on oral bacteria, including those producing hydrogen sulfide. Healthy adults volunteered for this double-blind, crossover design clinical study and provided saliva samples for culturing on enriched and indicator media to enumerate all salivary bacteria and those producing hydrogen sulfide (odorigenic), respectively. Subjects brushed with an assigned dentifrice for 7 d and were sampled on day 8 to assess the long-term effects on bacteria. Extended use of the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice resulted in a 49% and 66% reduction of salivary and odorigenic bacteria, respectively, compared with the fluoride dentifrice. To examine short-term effects, subjects subsequently brushed with their assigned dentifrice and were sampled at 2 h and 4 h post-brushing. At 2 h and 4 h post-brushing, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice resulted in a 62% and 52% decrease for salivary bacteria and 79% and 72% decrease for odorigenic bacteria, respectively, vs. the fluoride dentifrice. The results indicate a significant decrease of all salivary bacteria and hydrogen sulfide-producing odorigenic bacteria following use of the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice and explain previous results on the efficacy of this dentifrice on oral malodor.
The Preparation and Properties of Amorphous Silicon Nitride Films (1967)

Amorphous silicon nitride films have been deposited in a gas flow system by the ammonolysis of silicon tetrachloride and the nitridation of silane with ammonia on heated substrate surfaces. The dependence of the deposition rate on the substrate temperature and the reactant composition and flow rate are discussed. The deposited films have been shown by the chemical analysis and electron beam induced crystallization to have the composition . The density, refractive index, infrared absorption, and dissolution rate of deposited silicon nitride films have been determined. The substrate temperature during the deposition process appears to have the most significant influence on these properties, particularly density and dissolution rate. Silicon nitride films can be used as masks against the diffusion of aluminum, boron, and phosphorus into silicon. However, these dopants have been found to react with silicon nitride in varying degrees at high temperatures, and these reactions must be considered in determining the thickness of silicon nitride film required for masking purposes.
A Cost-Effective Decentralized Control for AC-Stacked Photovoltaic Inverters (2018)

For an AC-stacked photovoltaic (PV) inverter system with N cascaded inverters, existing control methods require at least N communication links to acquire the grid synchronization signal. In this paper, a novel decentralized control is proposed. For N inverters, only one inverter nearest the point of common coupling (PCC) needs a communication link to acquire the grid voltage phase and all other N − 1 inverters use only local measured information to achieved fully decentralized local control. Specifically, one inverter with a communication link utilizes the grid voltage phase and adopts current control mode to achieve a required power factor (PF). All other inverters need only local information without communication links and adopt voltage control mode to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and self-synchronization with grid voltage. Compared with existing methods, the communication link and complexity is greatly reduced, thus improved reliability and reduced communication costs are achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by simulation tests.
A Cross-Cluster Approach for Measuring Semantic Similarity between Concepts (2006)

We present a cross-cluster approach for measuring the semantic similarity/distance between two concept nodes in ontology. The proposed approach helps overcome the differences of granularity degrees of clusters in ontology that most ontology-based measures do not concern. The approach is based on 3 features (1) cross-modified path length feature between the concept nodes, (2) a new features: the common specificity feature of two concept nodes in the ontology hierarchy, and (3) the local granularity of the clusters. The experimental evaluations using benchmark human similarity datasets confirm the correctness and the efficiency of the proposed approach, and show that our semantic measure outperforms the existing techniques. The proposed measure gives the highest correlation (0.873) with human ratings compared to the existing measures using the benchmark RG dataset and WordNet2.0
Localization of Endoglin, a Transforming Growth Factor-β Binding Protein, and of CD44 and Integrins in Placenta during the First Trimester of Pregnancy1 (1994)

Endoglin is an integral membrane glycoprotein that binds transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) with high affinity and is predominantly expressed on human endothelial cells. Characterization of this homodimeric protein from human term placenta has shown that it is particularly abundant on the syncytiotrophoblast. Immunofluorescence staining of sections of first trimester placenta now reveals that endoglin is found at even higher levels on the syncytiotrophoblast of samples ranging from 6 to 12 wk of gestation. Very low levels are observed on the undifferentiated cytotrophoblast cells that can be identified by their expression of the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin, a receptor for laminin. Within the villi, blood vessels and stromal cells are negative for endoglin but positive for alpha 1 beta 1 integrin, a receptor for collagens and laminin. Stromal cells also express CD44, a hyaluronic acid receptor. Of particular interest is the up-regulation of endoglin expression in the transition from polarized undifferentiated to non-polarized intermediate cytotrophoblasts (CTB) as the cells align in columns to invade the uterus. This occurs in parallel with the acquisition of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin (fibronectin receptor) and precedes the loss of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin. CD44 and alpha 1 beta 1 integrin are noticeably absent from the CTB within the columns but are expressed at very high levels throughout the placental bed. Endoglin is undetectable within the decidua; thus, intermediate CTB that have invaded the placental bed express alpha 5 beta 1 integrin and cytokeratins but not endoglin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Clinical observation on acupoint irradiation with combined laser or red light on patients with knee osteoarthritis of yang deficiency and cold coagulation type]. (2010)

Combined laser irradiation can improve the pain, stiffness and functional limitation of patients with knee OA of yang deficiency and cold coagulation type.