gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired binding capacity of asialyl and agalactosyl IgG to Fc gamma receptors. (1995)

Autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis has been associated with deficient glycosylation of serum and synovial IgG which could potentially be mediated through the binding of the Fc portion of the molecule to its cognate receptor.Normal IgG1 and IgG3 were affinity-purified, and sialic acid and galactose were clipped off using neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase, respectively. The binding of these sugar-depleted IgG to the Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R)IIIb on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was assessed by flow cytometry.The binding of both asialyl and agactosyl IgG1 and IgG3 to PMN was significantly lower than that of the native IgG1 and IgG3.These data indicate that agalactosyl and, to a lesser degree, asialyl IgG, do not bind as efficiently as native IgG to Fc gamma R. Such a reduction in the perspective of the heterogeneity of the PMN Fc gamma RIIIb.
Environmental Biotechnology Award 2020 (2020)

From the successful completion of several International Conference in the field of Biotechnology the Longdom is glad to include another international conference in the series. The conference is tilted as “Environmental Biotechnology” the conference will be held on November 13-14, 2020 at Tokyo, Japan. The special moment added in the conference is award distribution. The award is to encourage the speakers, participants, Keynote Speaker, Young scientist people etc., There are several categories are introducing to provide the awards. The awards will be delivered by the chairperson at the end of the Conference.
Assessment of contrast sensitivity in infants and children with neurological impairment: A novel test using steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) (2010)

Purpose: Children with neurological impairment often have visual dysfunction, including reduced contrast sensitivity. However, a lack of co-operation or developmental delay can make subjective testing slow and inaccurate. We have previously developed an automated objective visual acuity test using ssVEPs (Bradnam et al. 1994, 2001; Mackay, 2003, 2003a & b). In the present study we report a similar technique to objectively and rapidly assess contrast sensitivity thresholds. Methods: The rationale for our technique is to acquire the most important information as quickly as possible, before the child loses co-operation. This is accomplished by real-time analysis of the individual's ssVEP, which determines the subsequent contrast levels to be presented. The stimulus presentation technique is based on an adaptive staircase method, usually used in psychophysical experiments. The starting point is a high contrast pattern, large initial steps in contrast allow the threshold region to be identified and subsequent smaller steps allow an accurate threshold to be established. Results: The stimulus parameters and presentation protocol were optimized in order to obtain a rapid and accurate contrast threshold. The contrast range, contrast step size, stimulus presentation algorithm, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, scalp recording sites and length of recording time before accepting ‘no response’ were all investigated. As a result, it takes less than three minutes to estimate a contrast sensitivity threshold, with the threshold estimates being comparable to psychophysical estimates. Conclusions: The use of ssVEPs, combined with sensitive objective signal detection and a staircase stimulus presentation is an effective strategy for determining contrast sensitivity.
Demonstration of 352 Gbit/s Photonically-enabled D-Band Wireless Delivery in one 2×2 MIMO System (2017)

First demonstration of photonically-enabled independent side-bands D-Band wireless transmission up to 352 Gbit/s with a BER below 3.8×10−3. These results were achieved by means of advanced DSP and antenna polarization multiplexing (2×2 MIMO).
P3‐464: CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS AMELIORATE NEUROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY (2018)

Neurodegeneration and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been associated with both vascular and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our studies and others pointed to mitochondrial deregulation, production of reactive oxygen species and release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondria, as early events in the neurovascular pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and AD. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are clinically used for the treatment of glaucoma and for the prevention of high altitude sickness and related cerebral edema. We were the first to demonstrate that these compounds inhibit Amyloid beta-mediated release of cytochrome C and H2O2 from the mitochondria. Here we aimed to clarify the protective effects of CAIs methazolamide and acetazolamide against mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo and their effects in ameliorating neurovascular pathology in animal models of CAA. We tested the effects of Aβ, in presence or absence of the drugs, on mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium influx, production of hydrogen peroxide and ATP, cellular pH, and caspase activation. MTZ and analogs prevented activation of caspases and apoptotic cell death induced by Aβ in both vascular and neuronal cells through the inhibition of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The drugs also proved to be effective in animal models of CAA (TgSwDI mice), reducing brain caspase 3 activation, neurovascular pathology, inflammation and neurodegeneration in the mice. Based on our results, CAIs inhibit specific mitochondrial stress and cell death pathways in models of CAA, and may represent a new repurposed therapeutic strategy against neurovascular degeneration in AD.
Control of a Multiple Source Microgrid With Built-in Islanding Detection and Current Limiting (2012)

An approach for the control of a voltage-sourced converter-interfaced distributed energy resource microgrid environment with multiple energy sources is analyzed and experimentally validated. The control approach is designed to operate in grid-connected and islanded modes of operation, as well as provide a smooth transition between the two modes. Additional features including islanding detection with positive feedback and dynamic overcurrent limiting are also evaluated. Validation is achieved through the results obtained from a scaled down prototype system with further results from the time-domain simulation of a medium-voltage microgrid.
Renewable Electricity Futures Study, Volume 3: End-Use Electricity Demand (2012)

The Renewable Electricity Futures (RE Futures) Study investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050. The analysis focused on the sufficiency of the geographically diverse U.S. renewable resources to meet electricity demand over future decades, the hourly operational characteristics of the U.S. gridwith high levels of variable wind and solar generation, and the potential implications of deploying high levels of renewables in the future. RE Futures focused on technical aspects of high penetration of renewable electricity; it did not focus on how to achieve such a future through policy or other measures. Given the inherent uncertainties involved with analyzing alternative long-term energyfutures as well as the multiple pathways that might be taken to achieve higher levels of renewable electricity supply, RE Futures explored a range of scenarios to investigate and compare the impacts of renewable electricity penetration levels (30%-90%), future technology performance improvements, potential constraints to renewable electricity development, and future electricity demand growthassumptions. RE Futures was led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Synthesis, X‐ray Diffraction, and CD of Cholesteno‐as‐triazines (1989)

Abstract The syntheses of two new ring systems, 5α‐cholest‐2‐eno[3,2‐ e ]‐( 6 ) and 5α‐cholest‐2‐eno[2,3‐ e ]‐ as ‐triazine ( 11 ) are described. While the reaction of diketone 1 with semicarbazide hydrochloride results selectively in derivatives of 6 , S ‐methylisothiosemicarbazide under basic conditions affords the other possible ring closure product 11 . An unequivocal decision between both types was made by X‐ray analysis of compound 9 . Comparison of the UV and CD spectra shows that besides the two absorptions appearing in the UV spectra additional ones can be observed in the CD, which may be assigned to further n – π * or only slightly allowed π – π * transitions.
An analysis of hippocampal spatio-temporal representations using a Bayesian algorithm for neural spike train decoding (2005)

Neural spike train decoding algorithms are important tools for characterizing how ensembles of neurons represent biological signals. We present a Bayesian neural spike train decoding algorithm based on a point process model of individual neurons, a linear stochastic state-space model of the biological signal, and a temporal latency parameter. The latency parameter represents the temporal lead or lag between the biological signal and the ensemble spiking activity. We use the algorithm to study whether the representation of position by the ensemble spiking activity of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus is more consistent with prospective coding, i.e., future position, or retrospective coding, past position. Using 44 simultaneously recorded neurons and an ensemble delay latency of 400 ms, the median decoding error was 5.1 cm during 10 min of foraging in an open circular environment. The true coverage probability for the algorithm's 0.95 confidence regions was 0.71. These results illustrate how the Bayesian neural spike train decoding paradigm may be used to investigate spatio-temporal representations of position by an ensemble of hippocampal neurons.
Pathogenesis of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Soybean (Glycine max) and Expression of Chimeric Rabies Peptide in Virus-Infected Soybean Plants (2001)

ABSTRACT Infection of soybean (Glycine max) plants inoculated with particles of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) isolate 425 at 12 days after germination was monitored throughout the life cycle of the plant (vegetative growth, flowering, seed formation, and seed maturation) by western blot analysis of tissue samples. At 8 to 10 days after inoculation, the upper uninoculated leaves showed symptoms of virus infection and accumulation of viral coat protein (CP). Virus CP was detectable in leaves, stem, roots, seedpods, and seed coat up to 45 days postinoculation (dpi), but only in the seedpod and seed coat at 65 dpi. No virus accumulation was detected in embryos and cotyledons at any time during infection, and no seed transmission of virus was observed. Soybean plants inoculated with recombinant AlMV passaged from upper uninoculated leaves of infected plants showed accumulation of full-length chimeric AlMV CP containing rabies antigen in systemically infected leaves and seed coat. These results suggest the potential usefulness of plants and plant viruses as vehicles for producing proteins of biomedical importance in a safe and inexpensive manner. Moreover, even the soybean seed coat, treated as waste tissue during conventional processing for oil and other products, may be utilized for the expression of value-added proteins.
Automatic vehicle location in cellular communications systems (1994)

The paper presents a method of automatic vehicle location (AVL). Signals are transmitted from base stations in a cellular communications system. A device is embedded into a cellular phone installed in a vehicle. When this vehicle is traveling through a cellular territory, the device receives those signals and calculates the attenuation of those signals to locate the current vehicle position. A preliminary study by using computer simulation shows that the error between the exact position and the estimated position is in the range from 0 to 575 m. This result is based on the assumptions that the base stations are separated from each other by 5 km and the point-to-area terrain configuration has a 3 dB standard deviation of a normal signal strength distribution. A further modification by employing fuzzy logic is under development. The goal is to keep the location accuracy within 200 m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transplantation of Thymic Autoimmune Microenvironment to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice (1992)

To study the role of the thymus in the cellular pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) we transplanted thymus tissue fragments fromMG thymuses beneath the kidney capsule ofsevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Immunocytochemical studies documented that the human thymus tissues are accepted as long-term grafts in the host SCID mice, with human lymphocytes, thymic stroma, and thymic myoid cells demonstrable in transplanted thymus for at least 15 weeks after transplantation. Human anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies became detectable 1 to 2 weeks after transplantation, and in most chimeras the titers increased over at least 11 weeks to reach levels typically found in severe humanMG. Human Ig deposits were detected at skeletal muscle end-plates, demonstrating that the human (auto)antibodies bound to murine acetylcholine receptor. In contrast, transfers of dissociated thymus cells only
A new semi-defined medium for "Trypanosoma brucei" sspp. (1977)

A new, easy to prepare semi-defined medium for the cultivation of trypanosomes of the T. brucei complex is introduced. Containing the two commercially available media MEM (Minimum Essential Medium) and Medium 199 TC45 as well as 10% inactivated foetal calf serum (fcs), the medium supports optimum growth and direct adaptation of bloodstream forms. Growth characteristics, glucose uptake, amino acid utilization and the ultrastructure of trypanosomes grown in this medium are described briefly.
Enhancing bypass starch in cassava chip to sustain growth in goat (2021)

Context Reducing fermentation rate to enhance bypass starch through simple treatment can be a viable way to better utilise tropical high-energy starch-rich feed such as cassava chip for ruminant production. Combining tannic acid and temperature treatment could possibly achieve the above. However, the optimal combination level of the above two factors and the efficacy of such treatment need to be tested. Aims The aims of the present study were to determine an effective tannic acid × temperature treatment to reduce degradation of starch in cassava chip and to evaluate its efficacy to enhance growth, using goats as study model. Method The study consisted of two experiments. In the first, cassava chip treated with four tannic acid levels × two temperatures combinations were evaluated using in sacco procedure to determine the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing the degradation of cassava chip. This was followed by an in vivo feeding trial to evaluate the efficacy of the treated cassava chip, on the basis of the most effective treatment from Experiment 1 on growth and digestion parameter in goats. Key results Results of the first experiment showed that the most effective treatment to reduce degradation of cassava chip was by treating it with 7.5% tannic acid at 120°C. Results of the in vivo trial showed that feeding the goats 30% treated cassava chip in the diet did not affect their daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared with their counterparts that were fed the control diet made up of similar proportion of untreated cassava chip. Treated cassava also did not affect rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (except acetate) production, rumen microbial population (except methanogen) and apparent DM, crude protein and starch digestibility. However, there was a drastic reduction in the estimated total and digestible starch intakes, apparently due to the low starch content in the treatment diet. Conclusions Treating cassava chip with 7.5% tannic acid and 120°C reduced in sacco effective degradation by 23% compared with the control. However, this beneficial effect was not reflected in the in vivo trial, which needs further evaluations. Implications The present study addressed a practical approach and its challenges to reduce degradation rate of high-energy feed to enhance bypass starch in ruminant nutrition.
Predominant utilization of V beta 8+ T cell receptor genes in the H-2Ld-restricted cytotoxic T cell response against the immediate-early protein pp89 of the murine cytomegalovirus. (1989)

Cytotoxic T cell responses to the murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were elicited in BALB/c mice (H-2d) by infectious virus. Eight days after infection, MCMV-primed local lymph node T cells were either depleted for T cells expressing a V beta 8+ TCR or separated into V beta 8+ and V beta 8- subpopulations by a cell sorter using the mAb F23.1. T cells were then expanded in vitro under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of IL-2 and in the absence of viral Ag to avoid selection by Ag in vitro. Frequencies of CTL precursors specific for the Immediate-Early-Ag 1 of MCMV and restricted to H-2Ld were determined. L cells of the endogenous haplotype H-2k cotransfected with the genes for MCMV-IE 1 and H-2Ld were used as target cells. Detection of a CTL response required previous priming of the animals by infection in vivo (less than 1/10(6) for nonimmunized animals). In primed animals CTL precursors of this specificity and restriction were three to fivefold more frequent in the V beta 8+ population (1/9.900 to 1/22.300) than in the V beta 8- population (1/57.000 to 1/87.200). Control experiments showed that frequencies were not influenced by the treatment with the anti-V beta 8-antibody and the fluorescein-labeled anti-Ig itself. V beta 8+ and V beta 8- T cells did not reveal any frequency differences when several other responses were determined (TNP-specific self-restricted CTL precursor; Th cells specific for keyhole limpet hemocyanin or Listeria monocytogenes).
A bottom-up approach to residential load modeling (1994)

A model of electric residential end-use is proposed for establishing the load diagram of an area by a process of synthesis. The model follows a "bottom-up" approach, allowing construction of the relative load shape of the area, starting from knowledge of its most relevant socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, unitary energy consumption and the load profiles of individual household appliances. Several probability functions have been introduced in order to cover the close relationship existing between the demand of residential customers and the psychological and behavioral factors typical of the household; the model makes frequent use of the latter through a Monte Carlo extraction process. The model has been applied for the simulation of a residential area where field measurements of power demand had been made at 15-minute intervals and a combined mail survey had been conducted to investigate household energy usage. The paper reports the results of a comparison between recorded and predicted load profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relationship between singular vectors and transient features in the background flow (2001)

Abstract The relationships between singular vectors (SVs) and transient features in the background flow are examined through both composite techniques and case‐studies. The SVs are derived using the NOGAPS forward and adjoint tangent models based on 48‐hour forecasts during the NORPEX period. Composite results and case‐studies both reveal significant spatial relationships between the SVs and transient features in the background flow. The SV perturbations often occur below distinctive high potential‐vorticity (PV) features in the middle‐to‐upper troposphere. Case‐studies reveal that the SVs propagate upward rapidly and have an impact on these PV features through the end of the optimization interval. In order to investigate how these small, initial perturbations have such a large impact on future development, the relationship between SVs and the quasi‐geostrophic forcing is examined through the use of Q‐vectors. The SV perturbations, while scaled to have a very small impact on the temperature and wind fields, have a very large impact on the mid‐tropospheric Q‐vectors. In contrast, the impact of the SV on the Q‐vectors is negligible when added to an analysis field for which it is not optimal (e.g. the analysis field from another day). These findings establish a significant relationship between the SV perturbations and dynamically active regions in the middle troposphere, and point toward an integral link between SVs and upper‐level PV precursors in synoptic development.
Reducing pause time of conservative collectors (2002)

This paper describes an incremental conservative garbage collector that significantly reduces pause time of an existing collector by Boehm et al. Like their collector, it is a true conservative collector that does not require compiler cooperation but uses virtual memory primitives (page protection) of operating systems for write barriers. While much successful work has been done on incremental collectors in general, achieving small pause time of the order of a few milliseconds in such uncooperative settings has been challenging. Our collector combines several ideas that bound pause times without introducing significant overheads. They include: (1) bounding the number of dirty (writable) pages during concurrent marking, (2) adaptive repetition of concurrent marking phases, and (3) allocating objects in black (marked) in later stages of a collection. With these techniques, we have achieved the maximum pause time of 2.6--4.5ms for five application benchmarks on 400MHz UltraSPARC processors. They are up to forty times shorter than the basic incremental collector similar to Boehm et al.'s. The overhead (total work time) of our collector is 1.2--53% to the stop-the-world collector and 9% or less to the basic incremental collector.
Diagonal parameter shifts due to nearest-neighbor displacements in empirical tight-binding theory (2002)

Nanoscale heterostructures are generally characterized by local strain variations. Because the atoms in such systems can be irregularly positioned, theroretical models and parameterizations that are restricted to hydrostatic and uniaxial strain are generally not applicable. To address this shortcoming, a method that enables the incorporation of general distortions into the empirical tight binding model is presented. The method shifts the diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements due to displacements of neighboring atoms from their ideal bulk positions. The new, efficient, and flexible method is developed for zincblende semiconductors and employed to calculate gaps for GaAs and InAs under hydrostatic and uniaxial strain. Where experimental and theoretical data are available our new method compares favorably with other methods, yet it is not restricted to the cases of uniaxial or hydrostatic strain. Because our method handles arbitrary nearest-neighbor displacements it permits the incorporation of diagonal parameter shifts in general, three-dimensional nanoscale electronic structure simulations, such as the nanoelectronic modeling tool (NEMO 3D).