gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
784 Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Predicts VEGF Expression and Malignant Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

improves not only fibrosis but carcinogenesis on NASH, using choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet (CDAA) rat models.Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into 2 experimental groups.For annual 24 weeks, all rats received CDAA.Only from 25 to 48 weeks, group1 (n = 11) received CDAA with vehicle, group 2 (n=10) received CDAA with telmisartan (2mg/kg).Forty-eight weeks after the feeding, rats were euthanized and liver was removed and Masson trichrome staining was performed.Immunohistochemical staining of anti-human alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and enzyme-altered preneoplastic lesions, the placenta form of glutathione-S-transferase (GST-P) were also performed and the data from all the examined sections were used to calculate the % area of positive pixels relative to the total examined area in pixels.To examine whether carcinogenesis on CDAA induced NASH involves angiogenesis, western blotting for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) were performed on liver tissues.Results: CDAA completely induced cirrhosis at 48 weeks.HCC was noted in 10 of 11 rats at 48 weeks in group1.Masson trichrome staining shows that hepatic fibrosis was significantly attenuated in group2.Alpha SMA positive lesion was also significantly decreased in group2 (group1; 66.7+/-9.3%, group2; 37.0+/-11.5 %, p<0.05).For hepatic carcinogenesis, HCC was noted in 1 of 10 rats in group2.GST-P positive lesions were significantly decreased in group2.(group1; 14.8+/-2.7 %, group2; 4.8+/-2.0%, p<0.01).VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression on liver tissues were inhibited in group 2. Conclusions: These results indicate that telmisartan improved not only hepatic fibrosis but carcinogenesis through the inhibition of VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression in rats.Angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist would, at least in part, be a useful agent to suppress hepatic carcinogenesis on NASH model.
Improving the fluorescent probe acridonylalanine through a combination of theory and experiment (2018)

Acridonylalanine (Acd) is a useful fluorophore for studying proteins by fluorescence spectroscopy, but it can potentially be improved by being made longer wavelength or brighter. Here, we report the synthesis of Acd core derivatives and their photophysical characterization. We also performed <i>ab initio</i> calculations of the absorption and emission spectra of Acd derivatives, which agree well with experimental measurements. The amino acid aminoacridonylalanine (Aad) was synthesized in forms appropriate for genetic incorporation and peptide synthesis. We show that Aad is a superior FRET acceptor to Acd in a peptide cleavage assay, and that Aad can be activated by an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for genetic incorporation. Together, these results show that we can use computation to design enhanced Acd derivatives which can be used in peptides and proteins.
Unidirectional Growth of Microbumps on (111)-Oriented and Nanotwinned Copper (2012)

Highly oriented [111] Cu grains with densely packed nanotwins have been fabricated by direct-current electroplating with a high stirring rate. The [111]-oriented and nanotwinned Cu (nt-Cu) allow for the unidirectional growth of Cu(6)Sn(5) intermetallics in the microbumps of three-dimensional integrated-circuit packaging; a uniform microstructure in a large number of microbumps of controlled orientation can be obtained. The high-density twin boundaries in the nt-Cu serve as vacancy sinks during the solid-state reaction between Pb-free solder and Cu and greatly reduce the formation of Kirkendall (or Frenkel) voids.
Identification of a transcriptional regulatory region of the rat pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP I) gene that confers tissue specificity (1995)

We have previously characterized the rat pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP I) gene by nucleotide sequencing. We describe in this paper its promoter region by analysing the regulatory functions associated with the DNA sequence comprising nt -1253 to + 10 of the gene. That sequence strongly promoted the transcription of the promotorless chloramphenicol acetyltranferase (CAT) gene in cells of pancreatic origin (AR-42J) but not in cells of non-pancreatic origin (Rat 2 and IEC 6). The influence on CAT expression of stepwise 5' deletions in the promoter sequence was monitored in the three cell lines. In pancreatic AR-42J cells, deletion down to position -926 did not affect significantly the expression of the reporter gene. Deletion to nt -685 caused about a 30% decrease in expression. Extending the deletion to nt -444 did not have any additional effect, but a further deletion to nt -180, resulted in a reduction to about 25%. Moreover, deletion from nt -180 to -118 resulted in a further reduction to about one-third of that. Finally, deletion down to nt -61 further reduced activity by a factor of 3, although it remained above background. These results suggest the presence of several positive cis-acting elements in the PAP I promoter. In non-pancreatic cells, CAT expression remained very low when the promoter was deleted down to nt -180. Yet, deletion from -180 to -118 significantly increased CAT expression, suggesting suppression of a negative cis-acting element. Further deletion down to nt -61 decreased CAT activity by a factor of 5. The region between nt -180 and -61 was subjected to footprint analysis. A similar pattern of DNase protection was obtained with AR-42J and Rat 2 nuclear extracts, the only protected region extending from nt -125 to -95. That region was further analysed by inserting the nt -180 to -81 fragment, in both orientations, upstream of thymidine kinase (TK) or simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter-CAT constructs. In all cases CAT expression was increased in pancreatic cells but reduced in Rat 2 cells. These results indicated the presence of cell-specific positive and negative elements within that region.
Comparison of Rheological Measurement Techniques for Semi-Solid Aluminium Alloys (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ALGORITHM FOR DESIGNING ROBUST ROAD NETWORKS (2010)

There is a growing awareness that road networks, especially in major urban areas, are becoming more and more vulnerable to unforeseen disturbances like incidents because of the fact that the level of congestion keeps growing. Therefore, robustness measures have to be taken. In this paper the robust road network design problem is presented as well as a solution algorithm for solving the problem. The solution algorithm combines expert knowledge with advanced modeling techniques. In this way the method can be applied to large scale networks. This paper shows the quality of the algorithm for a test network.
CD4+ resident memory T cells dominate immunosurveillance and orchestrate local recall responses (2019)

This study examines the extent to which memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells share immunosurveillance strategies with CD8<sup>+</sup> resident memory T cells (T<sub>RM</sub>). After acute viral infection, memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells predominantly used residence to survey nonlymphoid tissues, albeit not as stringently as observed for CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. In contrast, memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were more likely to be resident within lymphoid organs than CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Migration properties of memory-phenotype CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in non-SPF parabionts were similar, generalizing these results to diverse infections and conditions. CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> shared overlapping transcriptional signatures and location-specific features, such as granzyme B expression in the small intestine, revealing tissue-specific and migration property-specific, in addition to lineage-specific, differentiation programs. Functionally, mucosal CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> reactivation locally triggered both chemokine expression and broad immune cell activation. Thus, residence provides a dominant mechanism for regionalizing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity, and location enforces shared transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional properties with CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells.
New Thermally Cross-Linkable Polymer and Its Application as a Hole-Transporting Layer for Solution Processed Multilayer Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2007)

A new thermally cross-linkable copolymer containing reactive benzocyclobutene (BCB) units and the well-known hole-transporting moiety N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine) (TPD) was synthesized and characterized. Thermal annealing of spun-cast films of the copolymer, followed by cross-linking at 200 °C, led to insoluble polymer films with a smooth surface. Green emitting fluorescent OLEDs were fabricated using the new cross-linkable polymer and compared with conventionally prepared devices. Using the thermally cross-linked copolymer as a hole-transporting layer, solution processed multilayer light emitting diodes were prepared that exhibited high performance with 10.4% external quantum efficiency at a brightness of 350 cd/m2.
An animal model of neuropathic pain: A review (1993)

Recent work has succeeded in producing models of painful peripheral neuropathies in laboratory animals. There is evidence that the animals experience both abnormal spontaneous pain and abnormal evoked pains (allodynia and hyperalgesia). Experimental analyses of these models have demonstrated potential pathophysiologic mechanisms in both the peripheral and central nervous systems; it is likely that the model neuropathic pain syndromes are due to several different mechanisms. One line of evidence suggests that these pain states gradually become centralized due to an excitotoxic effect on spinal cord dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons. The role of the sympathetic nervous system appears to vary, depending on the type of nerve injury and the temporal evolution of the syndrome. There is evidence indicating that the abnormality of cutaneous temperature regulation that often accompanies painful peripheral neuropathy is not necessarily due to the activity of sympathetic vasomotor efferents.
Student Leadership in Public Health Advocacy: Lessons Learned From the Hepatitis B Initiative (2003)

Increasing hepatitis B vaccination rates for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders is a priority. Laws requiring vaccination prior to school enrollment have helped, yet many youths remain unvaccinated. The Hepatitis B Initiative (HBI), launched in 1997 and operated by public health and medical school students, provides free screenings and vaccinations to Boston's Asian American/Pacific Islander community, with a focus on youths. By October 2002, 997 HBI patients from Boston's Chinatown had received free hepatitis B screenings. Of these, 384 patients (39%) were deemed susceptible to the hepatitis B virus and provided with free vaccination.
A New Route to Quinolone and Indole Skeletones via Ketone- and Ester-Imide Cyclodehydration Reactions (1997)

Ketone-imide cyclodehydration reactions of aromatic succinimide and phthalimide (7, 8) have afforded quinolone acids (11, 12).Further transformation of the acids provided the corresponding esters (13.14) and vinylogous urethanes (9, 10).Similarly, ester-imide cyclodehydration reactions of aromatic imide esters (19, 20) have afforded indole acids (23, 24).Quinolones are well known compounds for antimicrobial' and antitumoral activities,' and quinolonecarboxylates have emerged as a major class of clinically useful and marketed antibacterial agents.'Enormous structural modfications around the skeletons have been
Optical Response of Ag-Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles to Electron Storage in Aqueous Medium (2008)

Composition and structure dependence of the shift in the position of the surface plasmon resonance band upon introduction of NaBH4 to aqueous solutions of gold and silver nanoparticles are presented. Silver and gold nanoalloys in different compositions were prepared by co-reduction of the corresponding salt mixtures using sodium citrate as the reducing agent. After addition of NaBH4 to the resultant nanoalloys, the maximum of their surface plasmon resonance band, ranging between that of pure silver (ca. 400 nm) and of pure gold (ca. 530 nm), is blue-shifted as a result of electron storage on the particles. The extent of this blue shift increases non-linearly with the mole fraction of silver in the nanoparticle, parallel to the trends reported previously for both the frequency and the extinction coefficient of the plasmon band shifts. Gold(core)@silver(shell) nanoparticles were prepared by sequential reduction of gold and silver, where addition of NaBH4 results in relatively large spectral shift in the plasmon resonance band when compared with the nanoalloys having a similar overall composition. The origin of the large plasmon band shift in the core-shell is related with a higher silver surface concentration on these particles. Hence, the chemical nature of the nanoparticle emerges as the dominating factor contributing to the extent of the spectral shift as a result of electron storage in bimetallic systems.
Using Information Invariants to Compare Swarm Algorithms and General Multi-Robot Algorithms: A Technical Report (2018)

Robotic swarms are decentralized multi-robot systems whose members use local information from proximal neighbors to execute simple reactive control laws that result in emergent collective behaviors. In contrast, members of a general multi-robot system may have access to global information, all- to-all communication or sophisticated deliberative collabora- tion. Some algorithms in the literature are applicable to robotic swarms. Others require the extra complexity of general multi- robot systems. Given an application domain, a system designer or supervisory operator must choose an appropriate system or algorithm respectively that will enable them to achieve their goals while satisfying mission constraints (e.g. bandwidth, energy, time limits). In this paper, we compare representative swarm and general multi-robot algorithms in two application domains - navigation and dynamic area coverage - with respect to several metrics (e.g. completion time, distance trav- elled). Our objective is to characterize each class of algorithms to inform offline system design decisions by engineers or online algorithm selection decisions by supervisory operators. Our contributions are (a) an empirical performance comparison of representative swarm and general multi-robot algorithms in two application domains, (b) a comparative analysis of the algorithms based on the theory of information invariants, which provides a theoretical characterization supported by our empirical results.
C-kit, B-raf, and N-ras mutations in melanoma subtypes. (2012)

e19037 Background: The recent understanding of melanomas’ molecular pathways improved their classification and clinical strategies. Initial studies showed that B-Raf/N-Ras mutations (respectively V600E and Q61) are the most frequent alterations being present in 70 to 80% of melanomas, characterizing non Chronic Sun-induced Damage skins (CSD). These include Superficial Spreading Melanomas (SSM) and Nodular Melanomas (NM). Other studies showed that c-Kit mutations are present at low rate (20-40%) in Acro-Lentiginous Melanomas (ALM), Mucous Melanomas (MM) and in melanomas arising on CSD skins. C-kit mutation pattern is complex with four exons being affected leading to numerous mutations. Because c-Kit targeted therapy is a critical clinical issue, we aimed to identify the most frequent mutations to propose appropriate screening test and adapted therapy. Methods: 186 melanoma samples corresponding to an homogeneous white-caucasian population (Brittany, France) were screened. c-Kit exons 11, 13,17 and 18 were sequenced, c-Kit copy number was quantified by q-PCR and level of c-Kit determined by immunohistochemistry (CD117). Samples were also analyzed for B-Raf mutations (codon 464, 466, 469, 600) and for N-Ras mutations (codon 12, 13, 61) by pyrosequencing. Results: Detectedmutations are shown in the table. Uveal melanomas (n=13) were never mutated. These mutations were never overlaped and comparable profiles were obtained between the primary tumour, nodes or metastatic lesions from a same patient. Conclusions: C-Kit mutations are much less common than in other previously described populations especially for MM or ALM. B-Raf/N-Ras mutations appeared also less frequent than waited in non-CSD , reaching 46% in SSM. Interestingly our population presents a high incidence of N-Ras mutations, especially in SSM and NM. Screening of B-Raf/N-Ras mutations is fundamental not only for SSM but also for NM, CSD and ALM for prescribing targeted therapies such as MEK-inhibitors. [Table: see text]
Computing the Fréchet Derivative of the Matrix Exponential, with an Application to Condition Number Estimation (2009)

The matrix exponential is a much-studied matrix function having many applications. The Fréchet derivative of the matrix exponential describes the first-order sensitivity of $e^A$ to perturbations in A and its norm determines a condition number for $e^A$. Among the numerous methods for computing $e^A$ the scaling and squaring method is the most widely used. We show that the implementation of the method in [N. J. Higham, The scaling and squaring method for the matrix exponential revisited, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 26 (2005), pp. 1179–1193] can be extended to compute both $e^A$ and the Fréchet derivative at A in the direction E, denoted by $L(A,E)$, at a cost about three times that for computing $e^A$ alone. The algorithm is derived from the scaling and squaring method by differentiating the Padé approximants and the squaring recurrence, reusing quantities computed during the evaluation of the Padé approximant, and intertwining the recurrences in the squaring phase. To guide the choice of algorithmic parameters, an extension of the existing backward error analysis for the scaling and squaring method is developed which shows that, modulo rounding errors, the approximations obtained are $e^{A+\Delta A}$ and $L(A+\Delta A,E+\Delta E)$, with the same $\Delta A$ in both cases, and with computable bounds on $\|\Delta A\|$ and $\|\Delta E\|$. The algorithm for $L(A,E)$ is used to develop an algorithm that computes $e^A$ together with an estimate of its condition number. In addition to results specific to the exponential, we develop some results and techniques for arbitrary functions. We show how a matrix iteration for $f(A)$ yields an iteration for the Fréchet derivative and show how to efficiently compute the Fréchet derivative of a power series. We also show that a matrix polynomial and its Fréchet derivative can be evaluated at a cost at most three times that of computing the polynomial itself and give a general framework for evaluating a matrix function and its Fréchet derivative via Padé approximation.
Abstracts of the XXXIV Annual ESAO (European Society for Artificial Organs) Congress, Krems, Austria, 3-5 September 2007. : World Apheresis Registry data 2005 (2007)

Abstracts of the XXXIV Annual ESAO (European Society for Artificial Organs) Congress, Krems, Austria, 3-5 September 2007. : World Apheresis Registry data 2005
BigHorn Home Improvement Center Energy Performance (2006)

The BigHorn Development Project, located in Silver-thorne, Colorado, is one of the nation's first commercial building projects to integrate extensive high-performance design into a retail space. The BigHorn Home Improvement Center, completed in the spring of 2000, is a 42,366 ft 2 (3,936 m 2 ) hardware store, warehouse, and lumberyard. The authors were brought in at the design stage ofthe project to provide research-level guidance to apply an integrated design process and perform a post-occupancy evaluation. An aggressive energy design goal of 60% energy cost saving was set early in the process, which focused the efforts of the design team and provided a goal for measuring the success of the project. The extensive use of natural light, combined with energy-efficient electrical lighting design, provides good illumination and excellent energy savings. The reduced lighting loads, management of solar gains, and cool climate allow natural ventilation to meet the cooling loads. A hydronic radiant floor system, gas-fired radiant heaters, and a transpired solar collector deliver heat. An 8.9 kW roof-integrated photovoltaic (PV) system offsets a portion of the electricity. After construction, the authors installed monitoring equipment to collect energy performance data and analyzed the building's energy performance for two-and-a-half years. The authors also helpedprogram the building controls andprovided recommendations for improving operating efficiency. The buildingshows an estimated 53% energy cost saving and a 54% source energy saving. These savings were determined with whole-building energy simulations that were calibrated with measured data. This paper discusses lessons learned related to the design process, the daylightingperformance, thePVsystem, and the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system.
An Investigation of a Design for a Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Hardware Accelerator (1991)

This study investigated increasing the speed of Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) cell calculations through a special purpose architecture using Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI). These FDTD cell equations model inhomogeneous, isotropic, lossy magnetic and dielectric materials. Special attention was given to simplicity and performance, using the fastest components generally available in AFIT VLSI programs, while attempting to minimize component count. A VHSIC Hardware Description Language simulation of the proposed chip established design feasibility and provided performance estimates: 350 ns to generate the first cell value, 200 ns thereafter (30 MFLOPS maximum double-precision). This study also implemented boundary conditions in hardware as well. No new hardware was designed; instead, the algorithm was translated into microcode for use by the AFIT Floating Point Application Specific Processor. The first boundary value is computed in 850ns, with successive results calculated every 300 ns thereafter (43 MFLOPS maximum double-precision). Standard FDTD FORTRAN codes were run on a SPARC2 workstation and execution times compared to modified codes simulating the implementation of the above hardware. On a 66 cubic cell free-space computational domain, these chips reduced total FDTD code execution time by a factor of 4.9, and cell and boundary calculation time by a factor of 9.5.