gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of preferential binding of SYBR Green I to specific DNA fragments in real-time multiplex PCR (2003)

SYBR Green I (SG) is widely used in real-time PCR applications as an intercalating dye and is included in many commercially available kits at undisclosed concentrations. Binding of SG to double-stranded DNA is non-specific and additional testing, such as DNA melting curve analysis, is required to confirm the generation of a specific amplicon. The use of melt curve analysis eliminates the necessity for agarose gel electrophoresis because the melting temperature (T(m)) of the specific amplicon is analogous to the detection of an electrophoretic band. When using SG for real-time PCR multiplex reactions, discrimination of amplicons should be possible, provided the T(m) values are sufficiently different. Real-time multiplex assays for Vibrio cholerae and Legionella pneumophila using commercially available kits and in-house SG mastermixes have highlighted variability in performance characteristics, in particular the detection of only a single product as assessed by T(m) analysis but multiple products as assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The detected T(m) corresponds to the amplicon with the higher G+C% and larger size, suggesting preferential binding of SG during PCR and resulting in the failure to detect multiple amplicons in multiplex reactions when the amount of SG present is limiting. This has implications for the design and routine application of diagnostic real-time PCR assays employing SG.
Review on the Structural Concepts of Carbons. Molecular, Nano, Meso and Micro-scopic Views of Mesophase Pitch/ Graphitized Fiber Including Nano Phased Fibers As Models of Carbons (2001)

Structural concepts of carbon materials arc riviewed from molecular. nano, meso and micro-scopic views, picking mesophase pitch/ graphite fiber including nanofiber as models of carbon in order to understand the carbon and design the materials of better performance. The graphitic materials are viewed on the structural units of hexagon plane. graphite crystal, nano, meso and micro-scopic units. Mesophase pitch as a precursor of graphite fiber was viewed on the same concepts to correlate the structures of the starting and product materials and to control the structure of the graphite fiber. Glassy and active carbons were also viewed from the same standpoints of structural concepts to expand their properties. Structures of nano phased materials of particle and fiber forms were also elucidated.
Neoadjuvant pelvic perfusion may facilitate resection of pelvic recurrent rectal cancer. (2013)

e14599 Background: Pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer is a persisting therapeutic challenge in spite of wide spread use of adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemo radiation and wide resection isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP) may facilitate pelvic resection in selected high-risk patients.IPP was done in 42 patients with locally advanced previously irradiated rectal cancer, 26 as a preoperative therapy and 16 for palliation. A comparative larger non-perfused group included 63 patients with pelvic resection only for recurrent rectal cancer. Methods: Isolated pelvic perfusion (60 min) utilized pump oxygenation (Temp&gt;41°C)with chemo agents – 5 FU 1500mg/m 2 , Cisplatin/Oxaliplatin 100/ 150mg/m 2 , Mitomycin 10-20 mg/m 2 , which was done in 42 patients (26 as preoperative and 16 as palliative therapy). Results: Palliative IPP in 16 advanced rectal cancer patients (pts)resulted in significant relief (1-4 months) of narcotic resistant pain (in 70%). Preoperative IPP in 26 locally advanced rectal cancer pts achieved a clinical pathologic complete response (CR) in 2 patients, and significant regression in 11 patients rendering them resectable. Seven pts had R0 pelvic resections,(6 abdominal sacral resection (ABSR) and 1 extended APR).Of 8 other patients, 3 responders refused surgery, 5 were excluded.(medical or disease related ). Median survival was 22.5 months in 15 resectable and 32 mos in 7 resected pts (2 pts were 5 year survivors). This is compared to outcome in 63 patients amenable to having pelvic resection alone: 57% had R0 resection (median OS 36 mos), 28% had R1 resection (med OS = 15 mos) and 15% had R2 resection (med OS 21 mos). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant IPP may facilitate selection of recurrent rectal cancer by identifying therapeutic responders likely to benefit from major pelvic resection and excluding non-responders most likely to benefit from non-surgical therapy. The potential to induce regression and facilitate R0 resection merits further exploration.
Immunologic Studies of Platelet Protein (1965)

Abstract Antigens were demonstrated in platelets which were not detectable in plasma. One of these antigens was detected in serum and was presumed to be released during the process of coagulation. Plasminogen and fibrinogen were detected in platelets, and the fibrinogen appears to be part of the intracellular structure. Thrombin was found to act not only on fibrinogen but also on at least one other unidentified platelet protein.
Neural Stem Cells: Promoting Axonal Regeneration and Spinal Cord Connectivity (2021)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to irreversible functional impairment caused by neuronal loss and the disruption of neuronal connections across the injury site. While several experimental strategies have been used to minimize tissue damage and to enhance axonal growth and regeneration, the corticospinal projection, which is the most important voluntary motor system in humans, remains largely refractory to regenerative therapeutic interventions. To date, one of the most promising pre-clinical therapeutic strategies has been neural stem cell (NSC) therapy for SCI. Over the last decade we have found that host axons regenerate into spinal NSC grafts placed into sites of SCI. These regenerating axons form synapses with the graft, and the graft in turn extends very large numbers of new axons from the injury site over long distances into the distal spinal cord. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of SCI that makes the spinal cord refractory to spontaneous regeneration, the most recent findings of neural stem cell therapy for SCI, how it has impacted motor systems including the corticospinal tract and the implications for sensory feedback.
Damage cascade in an interface (1998)

a model describing the damage in an interface which is coupled to an elastic homogeneous block is introduced. The interface is loaded in mode I, through an imposed displacement. We look particularly to the transition between a homogeneous micro-cracking state in the interface and the apparition of a macro-crack. The elastic block is decomposed in a hierarchical model, that allows to take into account a mechanical redistribution when a crack appears. We use two modelisations for the interface: a continuum description, with a damage law, and a discrete description, based tilt the Daniels model. These representations allow to study the localization in the interface. In both cases, we show that the localization proceeds through a cascade of bifurcations. The damage is first spreading all over the interface, and then concentrates with the bifurcations into a narrow region, that leads to the apparition of a crack, and to the interface rupture.
The Lake—Induced Convection Experiment and the Snowband Dynamics Project (2000)

A severe 5-day lake-effect storm resulted in eight deaths, hundreds of injuries, and over $3 million in damage to a small area of northeastern Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania in November 1996. In 1999, a blizzard associated with an intense cyclone disabled Chicago and much of the U.S. Midwest with 30–90 cm of snow. Such winter weather conditions have many impacts on the lives and property of people throughout much of North America. Each of these events is the culmination of a complex interaction between synoptic-scale, mesoscale, and microscale processes. An understanding of how the multiple size scales and timescales interact is critical to improving forecasting of these severe winter weather events. The Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (Lake-ICE) and the Snowband Dynamics Project (SNOWBAND) collected comprehensive datasets on processes involved in lake-effect snowstorms and snowbands associated with cyclones during the winter of 1997/98. This paper outlines the goals and operations of these collaborative projects. Preliminary findings are given with illustrative examples of new state-of-the-art research observations collected. Analyses associated with Lake-ICE and SNOWBAND hold the promise of greatly improving our scientific understanding of processes involved in these important wintertime phenomena.
Generic programming in Fortran (2006)

Parametric Fortran is an extension of Fortran that supports the construction of generic programs by allowing the parameterization of arbitrary Fortran constructs. A parameterized Fortran program can be translated into a regular Fortran program guided by values for the parameters. This paper describes the extensions of Parametric Fortran by two new language features, accessors and list parameters. These features particularly address the code duplication problem, which is a major problem in the context of scientific computing. The described techniques have been successfully employed in a project that implements a generic inverse ocean modeling system.
Hubble Space TelescopePhotometry of the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy ESO 410‐G005 (2000)

We present HST WFPC2 imaging of the nearby low-surface-brightness dwarf spheroidal galaxy ESO 410-G005, which has been resolved into stars for the first time. The resulting color-magnitude diagram for about 2500 stars shows a red giant branch branch with a tip at I=(22.4+-0.15), which yields a distance of D=(1.9+-0.2) Mpc. ESO 410-G005 is found to be metal-poor with a mean metallicity of (-1.8+-0.4) dex estimated from its red giant branch. Upper asymptotic giant branch stars appear to be present near the center of the galaxy, indicative of a substantial, centrally concentrated intermediate-age population, unless these objects are artifacts of crowding. Previous studies did not detect ESO 410-G005 in H alpha or in HI. ESO 410-G005 is a probable member of the Sculptor group. Its linear separation from the nearest spiral, NGC 55, is 230 kpc on the sky. The deprojected separation ranges from 340 to 615 kpc depending on the assumed distance of NGC 55. ESO 410 G005 appears to be a relatively isolated dSph within the Sculptor group. Its absolute magnitude, Mv = (-12.1+-0.2) mag, its central surface brightness, mu_V = (22.7+-0.1) mag/arcsec^2, and its mean metallicity, [Fe/H] = (-1.8+-0.4) dex, follow the trend observed for dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. (abridged)
Determination of vecuronium in blood by HPLC with UV and electrochemical detection: a pilot study in man. (1991)

Vecuronium bromide is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rather low therapeutic level. Rapid, sensitive, and selective determination of vecuronium bromide in human blood or plasma was essential for pharmacokinetic study. We developed such a method using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Samples were first acidified, followed by a one-step liquid-liquid extraction. Tubocurarine, which has a structure similar to that of vecuronium, was used as the internal standard. The electrochemical detector, Ag/AgCl electrodes, was operated by setting the working electrodes, W1 and W2, at +0.65 V and +1.05 V, respectively. When vecuronium blood concentration was plotted versus peak area ratios (PAR) of vecuronium over tubocurarine, a linear relationship was observed over the range of 25 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.997. Clinically possible sources of interference, such as atropine, apresoline, droperidol, fentanyl, labetalol, thiopentone, atracurium, and valium, were examined and none showed interference in the assay of vecuronium and tubocurarine. This method has been successfully applied in a preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics of vecuronium in a patient undergoing surgery. The low detection limit of this method in the patient was 3 ng/mL.
Circles on lattices and Hadamard matrices (2019)

Introduction: The Hadamard conjecture about the existence of Hadamard matrices in all orders multiple of 4, and the Gauss problem about the number of points in a circle are among the most important turning points in the development of mathematics. They both stimulated the development of scientific schools around the world with an immense amount of works. There are substantiations that these scientific problems are deeply connected. The number of Gaussian points ( Z 3 lattice points) on a spheroid, cone, paraboloid or parabola, along with their location, determines the number and types of Hadamard matrices. Purpose: Specification of the upper and lower bounds for the number of Gaussian points (with odd coordinates) on a spheroid depending on the problem size, in order to specify the Gauss theorem (about the solvability of quadratic problems in triangular numbers by projections onto the Liouville plane) with estimates for the case of Hadamard matrices. Methods: The authors, in addition to their previous ideas about proving the Hadamard conjecture on the base of a one-to-one correspondence between orthogonal matrices and Gaussian points, propose one more way, using the properties of generalized circles on Z 3 . Results: It is proved that for a spheroid, the lower bound of all Gaussian points with odd coordinates is equal to the equator radius R, the upper limit of the points located above the equator is equal to the length of this equator L=2 π R, and the total number of points is limited to 2L. Due to the spheroid symmetry in the sector with positive coordinates (octant), this gives the values of R/8 and L/4. Thus, the number of Gaussian points with odd coordinates does not exceed the border perimeter and is no less than the relative share of the sector in the total volume of the figure. Practical significance: Hadamard matrices associated with lattice points have a direct practical significance for noise-resistant coding, compression and masking of video information.
Water-Based Condensation Particle Counters for Environmental Monitoring of Ultrafine Particles (2006)

TSI Inc. (Shoreview, MN) has introduced three new water-based condensation particle counters (WCPCS) that were designed to detect airborne particles larger than 2.5 nm (model 3786), 5 nm (model 3785), and either 10 or 20 nm (model 3782). These WCPCs are well suited for real-time, environmental monitoring of number concentration of airborne ultrafine particles. Their unique design incorporates the use of water as the working fluid instead of alcohol. Water is odor free, readily available, and eliminates the problem of water condensation and absorption into alcohol working fluids during operation in humid environments. In this study, the performance of three TSI WCPCs was characterized for several aerosol compositions, including sucrose, salt (NaCl), dioctyl sebacate (DOS), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), emery oil (poly-alpha-olefin), silver, impurity residue particles, and ambient aerosol particles. All particles were size selected using a nano differential mobility analyzer (nano-DMA; model 3085, TSI Inc.) to create monodisperse challenge aerosols. The challenge aerosol was mixed uniformly with clean makeup flow and split into a WCPC and a reference instrument to determine the counting efficiency of the WCPC. For the model 3785 WCPC, the D50 (i.e., the particle diameter with 50% counting efficiency) was determined to be 3.1 nm for salt particles, 4.7 nm for sucrose and ambient particles, 5.6 nm for silver particles, and >50 nm for ultrapure oil particles. The sensitivity to oil droplets increased dramatically (D50 < 10 nm) when the oil was slightly contaminated. The D50 of model 3786 ultrafine water-based CPC (UWCPC) was 2.4 nm for impurity residue particles. The D50 of the model 3782 WCPC was 10.8 (with a nominal setting of 10 nm) or 19.8 nm (with a nominal setting of 20 nm) for sucrose particles. All three WCPCs have response times of less than 2 or 3 sec and are therefore able to detect fast-changing events.
Modelling the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of patients undergoing radiotherapy (2003)

Recently, several attempts have been undertaken to correlate in vitro calibration curves with observed frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in lymphocytes of patients undergoing radiotherapy. The aim of such correlations is the search for a biological method to reconstruct the dose received during radiotherapy. While the in vitro dose-response curves are linear-quadratic, the observed in vivo relationship is usually linear and there is some controversy as to the nature of the observed linearity. We have, therefore, constructed a model to calculate the frequencies and distributions of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of patients undergoing conventional radiotherapy. The model assumes that each fraction of radiation induces a certain number of Poisson-distributed aberrations in the irradiated blood volume. In addition, a simplified assumption is made that lymphocytes flow freely inside the body of the patient and no elimination of cells occurs. The model yields linear dose-response curves. The steepness of the curves increases with increasing size of irradiated block of tissue (referred to as irradiated volume) and increasing dose per fraction. The distributions of aberrations become increasingly overdispersed with increasing dose per fraction but are independent of the number of radiation fractions. The modelled dose-response curves agree well with the majority of published experimental results. Given the simple assumptions made, this indicates that cell elimination, which occurs during radiotherapy does not bias the results obtained experimentally. The linearity of the dose- -response curve results from the fractionated irradiation. Hence, great care should be applied when attempting to use standard, linear-quadratic calibration curves to estimate the doses received by patients during radiotherapy.
The instabilities of gravity waves of finite amplitude in deep water I. Superharmonics (1978)

Abstract In this paper we embark on a calculation of all the normal-mode perturbations of nonlinear, irrotational gravity waves as a function of the wave steepness. The method is to use as coordinates the stream-function and velocity potential in the steady, unperturbed wave (seen in a reference frame moving with the phase speed) together with the time t. The dependent quantities are the cartesian displacements and the perturbed stream function at the free surface. To begin we investigate the ‘superharmonics’, i.e. those perturbations having the same horizontal scale as the fundamental wave, or less. When the steepness of the fundamental is small, the normal modes take the form of travelling waves superposed on the basic nonlinear wave. As the steepness increases the frequency of each perturbation tends generally to be diminished. At a steepness ak ≈ 0.436 it appears that the two lowest modes coalesce and an instability arises. There is evidence that this critical steepness corresponds precisely with the steepness at which the phase velocity is a maximum, considered as a function of ak. The calculations are facilitated by the discovery of some new identities between the coefficients in Stokes’s expansion for waves of finite amplitude.
Tolerability of prophylactic Lariam regimens. (1993)

Three hundred and fifty-nine US Marines participated in a randomized double-blind clinical trial to assess tolerance of two prophylactic mefloquine regimens [250 mg salt weekly (n = 157) or 250 mg daily for 3 days followed by 250 mg weekly (n = 46)] compared with 300 mg weekly chloroquine (n = 156) over a 12-week period. The study participants were seen daily for four days, then weekly for 11 weeks. On each visit, the subject answered two computerized questionnaires (a review of body systems and an evaluation of mood states), participated in a physician interview, and was administered medications under supervision. A random sample of each group was assigned to either pharmacokinetic sampling or two wear a wrist watch size computerized sleep monitor (actigraph). The frequencies of intercurrent illness and other concomitant medications were tabulated. End study mefloquine plasma levels were obtained on all study participants. The results obtained showed no compromise in function due to dizziness or incoordination in the mefloquine groups. Overall, both weekly mefloquine and loading dose mefloquine were well tolerated. Sleep disturbance and increased dream activity were detected in the mefloquine groups. Depressive feelings were noted in two to three times more individuals in the mefloquine groups than in the chloroquine group early in the course of the study, and resolved in the majority of subjects as tolerance developed. Steady state mefloquine plasma levels were attained rapidly with the loading dose regimen in four days versus seven weeks with weekly mefloquine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impedance‐Based Structural Health Monitoring for Aerospace Applications (2010)

Abstract Various experimental studies have demonstrated that an impedance‐based approach to structural health monitoring (SHM) can be an effective means of structural damage detection. Using the self‐sensing and active‐sensing capabilities of piezoelectric materials, the electromechanical impedance response can be monitored to provide a qualitative indication of the local health of a structure. The impedance method also has applications in the field of sensor self‐diagnostics and validation for determining the operational status of piezoelectric active sensors used in SHM. This chapter presents an overview and recent applications of the impedance‐based structural health‐monitoring technique.
Crystallographic Approach to the [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Topochemical Reactions of Unsaturated Compounds with Single Crystal Retention (2019)

Based on the results of authors' studies, an approach to the analysis of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition (PCA) topochemical reactions of unsaturated compounds, occurring in a single crystal with either its retention or decomposition under exposure to visible light, has been developed. The main crystal packings, favorable for photoreaction in crystal, are revealed. Conditions for PCA reaction with single crystal retention are established. The factors increasing the probability of implementing crystal packing motifs that are favorable for this reaction (by chemical modification of structural units) are analyzed. The fact of extraordinary implementation of both direct and back (under UV irradiation) photoreactions in the same single crystal is explained.
SCfM_Prod: A Software Product Certification Model (2008)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in software development and ICT as they become a central issue for business surviving. Companies and software houses are competing to produce software which are claimed to be good and fulfil user's expectation. Therefore, quality aspect of a software product has seen as an important issue but companies that develop the software could not justify and guarantee the quality of their products, thus leaving users in uncertainties. Previous studies have indicated that assessment and certification by an independent assessor may help determining confident in the product. The certification reports are beneficial not only to the users and stakeholders but also to the developers and suppliers. This research proposes a software certification model by end product quality approach or SCfM_Prod. It is an alternative approach to monitor and guarantee level of quality of a software product. This model consists of four main entities: pragmatic quality factor (PQF), assessment team, certification representation method and repository. This paper explains in detail of this model
CD40L/4-1BBL-expressing oncolytic adenovirus (LOAd703) stimulates human dendritic cell production of Th1 cytokines and antigen-specific T cells (2015)

CD40L/4-1BBL-expressing oncolytic adenovirus (LOAd703) stimulates human dendritic cell production of Th1 cytokines and antigen-specific T cells