gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R&D of a New 1-Dimensional &#x03B3;-Ray Position Sensor Using Scintillators Coupled to a Si Strip Detector (2006)

As the detection part of an improved Fourier synthesis imager, we developed a new one-dimensional /spl gamma/-ray position sensor consisting of inorganic scintillators whose lights are read out by a silicon strip detector (SSD). The employed SSD has no metal anode, with its Al-cathode divided into 32 channels of 400 /spl mu/m pitch. Electrodes of all channels are Al-bonded to a low noise analog ASIC, so that signals can be read out from all channels simultaneously. We fabricated a "stacked CsI scintillator", consisting of 20 CsI(Tl) scintillator plates each having a dimension of 10 mm /spl times/ 10 mm /spl times/ 0.3 mm, and 0.07 mm-thick light reflective sheets inserted between adjacent CsI plates. Coupling the scintillator and the SSD, /spl gamma/-ray with energies /spl gsim/ 500 keV were successfully detected, with a position resolution of /spl sim/0.37 mm.
Locating Electron Traps In A CCD (1993)

is technique for mapping sizes of electron-trapping defects and picture elements within which traps located in charge-coupled device (CCD). Two kinds of traps: forward and reverse. Pocket pumping relies on fact that in terms of charges measurable by external circuitry, forward traps affect only forward, while reverse traps affect only reverse, transfer of charge along row or column of picture elements. Charges in picture elements shifted back and forth many times to amplify trapping effect by repetition. Traps smaller than 1 electron detected by this method.
Generation and Application of Polyclonal Igy Antibodies Specific for Full-Length and Nicked Prostate-Specific Antigen (2014)

Because the signal observed for the PSA-specific IgY antibodies by ELISA and the reactivity profile of the epitope-derived IgYs were comparable to those of mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies, avian antibodies may be a cost-effective alternative to mammalian antibodies for prostate cancer diagnostics.
Seating virtual coach: A smart reminder for power seat function usage (2010)

The virtual coach is designed to guide power seat function users to use those functions safely and appropriately. The virtual coach can monitor user compliance with clinician prescriptions, and provide feedback to the user via reminders and alerts. A
The Latent Origin of Replication of Epstein-Barr Virus Directs Viral Genomes to Active Regions of the Nucleus (2009)

The Epstein-Barr virus efficiently infects human B cells. The EBV genome is maintained extrachromosomally and replicates synchronously with the host's chromosomes. The latent origin of replication (oriP) guarantees plasmid stability by mediating two basic functions: replication and segregation of the viral genome. While the segregation process of EBV genomes is well understood, little is known about its chromatin association and nuclear distribution during interphase. Here, we analyzed the nuclear localization of EBV genomes and the role of functional oriP domains FR and DS for basic functions such as the transformation of primary cells, their role in targeting EBV genomes to distinct nuclear regions, and their association with epigenetic domains. Fluorescence in situ hybridization visualized the localization of extrachromosomal EBV genomes in the regions adjacent to chromatin-dense territories called the perichromatin. Further, immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated a preference of the viral genome for histone 3 lysine 4-trimethylated (H3K4me3) and histone 3 lysine 9-acetylated (H3K9ac) nuclear regions. To determine the role of FR and DS for establishment and subnuclear localization of EBV genomes, we transformed primary human B lymphocytes with recombinant mini-EBV genomes containing different oriP mutants. The loss of DS results in a slightly increased association in H3K27me3 domains. This study demonstrates that EBV genomes or oriP-based extrachromosomal vector systems are integrated into the higher order nuclear organization. We found that viral genomes are not randomly distributed in the nucleus. FR but not DS is crucial for the localization of EBV in perichromatic regions that are enriched for H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, which are hallmarks of transcriptionally active regions.
Improved cortical surface reconstruction using sub-millimeter resolution MPRAGE by image denoising (2020)

Abstract Automatic cerebral cortical surface reconstruction is a useful tool for cortical anatomy quantification, analysis and visualization. Recently, the Human Connectome Project and several studies have shown the advantages of using T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution instead of the standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution for improved accuracy of cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation. Nonetheless, sub-millimeter resolution images are noisy by nature and require averaging multiple repetitions to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for precisely delineating the cortical boundary. The prolonged acquisition time and potential motion artifacts pose significant barriers to the wide adoption of cortical surface reconstruction at sub-millimeter resolution for a broad range of neuroscientific and clinical applications. We address this challenge by evaluating the cortical surface reconstruction resulting from denoised single-repetition sub-millimeter T 1 -weighted images. We systematically characterized the effects of image denoising on empirical data acquired at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution using three classical denoising methods, including denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN), block-matching and 4-dimensional filtering (BM4D) and adaptive optimized non-local means (AONLM). The denoised single-repetition images were found to be highly similar to 6-repetition averaged images, with a low whole-brain averaged mean absolute difference of ∼0.016, high whole-brain averaged peak signal-to-noise ratio of ∼33.5 dB and structural similarity index of 0.92, and minimal gray matter–white matter contrast loss (2% to 9%). The whole-brain mean absolute discrepancies in gray–white surface placement, gray–CSF surface placement and cortical thickness estimation were lower than 165 μm, 155 μm and 145 μm—sufficiently accurate for most applications. The denoising performance is equivalent to averaging ∼2.5 repetitions of the data in terms of image similarity, and 1.6–2.2 repetitions in terms of the cortical surface placement accuracy. The scan-rescan precision of the cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation was lower than 170 μm. Our unique dataset and systematic characterization support the use of denoising methods for improved cortical surface reconstruction sub-millimeter resolution.
Forensic Analysis of Third Party Location Applications in Android and iOS (2019)

Location sharing applications are becoming increasingly common. These applications allow users to share their own locations and view contacts’ current locations on a map. Location applications are commonly used by friends and family members to view Global Positioning System (GPS) location of an individual, but valuable forensic evidence may exist in this data when stored locally on smartphones. This paper aims to discover forensic artifacts from two popular third-party location sharing applications on iOS and Android devices. Industry standard mobile forensic suites are utilized to discover if any locally stored data could be used to assist investigations reliant on knowing the past location of a suspect. Security issues raised regarding the artifacts found during our analysis is also discussed.
Hemolysis, Toxicity, and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Stachybotrys chartarum Strains (1999)

Stachybotrys chartarum is an indoor air, toxigenic fungus that has been associated with a number of human and veterinary health problems. Most notable among these has been a cluster of idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage cases that were observed in the Cleveland, Ohio, area. In this study, 16 strains of S. chartarum isolated from case (n = 8) or control (n = 8) homes in Cleveland and 12 non-Cleveland strains from diverse geographic locations were analyzed for hemolytic activity, conidial toxicity, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns. In tests for hemolytic activity, strains were grown at 23 degrees C on wet wallboard pieces for an 8-week test period. Conidia from these wallboard pieces were subcultured on sheep's blood agar once a week over this period and examined for growth and clearing of the medium at 37 or 23 degrees C. Five of the Cleveland strains (all from case homes) showed hemolytic activity at 37 degrees C throughout the 8-week test compared to 3 of the non-Cleveland strains. Five of the Cleveland strains, compared to two of the non-Cleveland strains, produced highly toxic conidia (>90 microgram of T2 toxin equivalents per g [wet weight] of conidia) after 10 and 30 days of growth on wet wallboard. Only 3 of the 28 strains examined both were consistently hemolytic and produced highly toxic conidia. Each of these strains was isolated from a house in Cleveland where an infant had idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage.
The design and implementation of the A2QM3 System (2003)

In this paper we present the design, architecture and implementation of the A2QM3 System. It provides programmers with re-usable QoS-aware control objects to enable building a complete middleware for adaptive applications over active networks. We introduce the programming model and system architecture, and show the parts that make this system full-featured middleware supporting QoS-aware reliable stream-oriented communication, communication using the request/reply-based CORBA model and real-time streaming for continuous multimedia contents.
Bandwidth allocation and admission control in ATM networks with service separation (1997)

The statistical multiplexing operation within an ATM network node is considered, with respect to different methods for the allocation of the bandwidth of an outgoing link. Service separation is assumed by dividing the overall traffic flows into classes, homogeneous in terms of performance requirements and statistical characteristics. Which share the bandwidth of a link according to some specified policy. This context allows one to clearly define, by means of several existing approaches, a region in the space of connections of the different classes (call space) where quality of service (QoS) requirements at the cell level are satisfied. Within this region, some criteria for allocating the bandwidth of the link to the service classes are proposed, and the resulting allocation and call admission control (CAC) strategies are defined and analyzed. The goal of these operations is to achieve some desired QoS at the call level. Several numerical simulation results are presented, in order to highlight the different performance characteristics of the various methods.
Coordinated optimization of equipment operations in a container terminal (2019)

Abstract Increasing international maritime transport drives the need for efficient container terminals. The speed at which containers can be processed through a terminal is an important performance indicator. In particular, the productivity of the quay cranes (QCs) determines the performance of a container terminal; hence QC scheduling has received considerable attention. This article develops a comprehensive model to represent the waterside operations of a container terminal. Waterside operations comprise single and twinlift handling of containers by QCs, automated guided vehicles and yard cranes. In common practice, an uncoordinated scheduling heuristic is used to dispatch the equipment operating on a terminal. Here, uncoordinated means that the different machines that operate in the container terminal seek optimal productivity solely considering their own respective stage. By contrast, our model provides a coordinated schedule in which operations of all terminal equipment can be considered at once to achieve productivity closer to the QC optimal. The model takes the form of a hybrid flow shop (HFS) with novel features for bi-directional flows and job pairing. The former enables jobs to move freely through the HFS in both directions; the latter constrains certain jobs to be performed simultaneously by a single machine. We solve the coordinated model by means of a tailored simulated annealing (SA) algorithm that balances solution quality and computational time. We empirically study time-bounded variants of SA and compare them with a branch-and-bound algorithm. We show that our approach can produce coordinated schedules for a terminal with up to eight QCs in near real time.
Current Approaches to Designing Nanomaterials Inspired by Mussel Adhesive Proteins (2014)

Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel avenue in designing multifunctional materials for various biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery and imaging. Nano-scaled materials (1–100 nm) have distinctive chemical and physical properties that cannot be obtained in their bulk state. Additionally, man-made nanomaterials seek to duplicate remarkable properties of naturally found materials (e.g., gecko adhesive pad, self-cleaning lotus leaf, materials properties of nacre). However, in designing functional nanomaterials, complicated treatment and expensive protocols are often required for surface treatment and modification. DOPA is a catecholic amino acid found in mussel adhesive proteins and is responsible for strong water-resistant adhesion and rapid curing of the adhesive. Catechol is a unique and versatile adhesive molecule capable of binding to both organic and inorganic surfaces through either irreversible covalent or strong reversible bonds. Incorporation DOPA and its derivatives into synthetic polymers have imparted these materials with strong, moisture-resistant adhesive properties. Here, we review the chemistry of the catechol side chain and the use of various catecholic derivatives in stabilizing nanoparticles, enhancing materials properties of nanocomposites (e.g., hydrogels, films, fibers, etc.), and improving performance of gecko-mimetic adhesives. Finally, the auto-polymerization of dopamine to polydopamine and its application in developing superhydrophobic and multifunctional, therapeutic nanoparticles are described.
Complex photonic structures (2012)

We discuss in detail the optical properties of complex photonic structures, in particular those with a dominating disorder component. We will focus on their general transport properties, as well as on their use as light sources (random lasers). The basis for the theory of multiple light scattering in random systems will be explained as a tutorial introduction to the topic, including the explicit calculation of the effect of coherent backscattering. We will discuss various structures that go beyond regular disordered ones, in particular Lévy glasses, liquid crystals, and quasi-crystals, and show examples of their optical properties both from a conceptual and practical point of view.
Difference in pathway of Escherichia coli outer membrane permeation between penicillins and cephalosporins (1985)

The differences in the outer membrane permeation between two major subgroups of beta-lactam antibiotics were studied. The permeation of cephalosporins was closely related to porin channels in the outer membrane. In contrast, the outer membrane permeation of penicillins did not decrease in porin-deficient mutants and, in Rd-type mutants, their permeability became proportional to the hydrophobicity of the molecules. The activation enthalpy of the penicillin permeation was significantly larger than that of cephalosporins. These observations indicate that penicillins can use the hydrophobic region for the major route of outer membrane passage whereas the cephalosporin permeation is restricted to the pathway via the porin pore.
Real-Time Resilient Control for Stochastic Production System Energy Efficiency (2017)

For multi-stage manufacturing system, considerable amount of energy may be wasted and energy efficiency may be hindered due to idleness or constraints from the interactions between the machines and buffers. In this paper, a real-time system performance diagnostic method is developed to identify energy waste due to machine and buffer interactions, and system resilience against random disruption events. Furthermore, by utilizing the real-time system diagnostic information, a novel real-time resilient feedback control policy is proposed to improve system energy efficiency and deliver resilient performance against random disruption events. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control policy.
Standoff high energy laser induced oxidation spectroscopy (HELIOS) (2017)

High Energy Lasers (HELs) used for defense applications require operational distances ranging from few hundred meters to several kilometers. As the distance increases, the incident beam properties and, consequently, the anticipated effect delivered to the sample become less predictable. Therefore, the direct observation of the event induced by the laser can become an asset. In this paper, we propose a novel spectroscopic method that analyses in real time the spectral components present in the flames produced during the interaction of a HEL with a metallic piece at a long distance. This method was used on aluminum and carbon steel samples placed 200 m away from the laser system. It was discovered that the aluminum and iron oxides created as a by-product of the HEL reaction with the samples emitted clear fingerprint signatures that could be detected remotely using a spectroscopic receiver placed beside the HEL beam director. The real-time assessment of the laser-induced effect can be achieved by monitoring the temporal evolution of the oxide signatures, hence providing information to the operator about the reaction and the nature of the sample illuminated.
Hepatic Effects of Lovastatin Exposure in Patients with Differing Types of Liver Disease (2006)

Purpose: We previously reported that exposure to lovastatin (lova) was associated w/a significant reduction in a variety of adverse liver-disease (LD) outcomes in patients (pts) w/existing LD. Here we examined if these effects were consistent across a spectrum of baseline LD disorders. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from 1995 through mid-2005. Adult members of KP were identified who had at least 2 elevated ALT or AST tests w/in a 6- to-18 month period, evidence of chronic viral hepatitis, or carried a LD diagnosis. Lova use was gathered from pharmacy databases. The outcome was the 1st occurrence of a new ALT level that was at least 3 x ULN(or 3 x baseline value if elevated), or a new diagnosis of cirrhosis or liver failure. Pts were hierarchically classified into 1 of 5 groups based on criteria for entry to the analytic cohort: chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic LD, fatty LD, all other LD diagnoses, & those w/elevated liver tests (LTs). Incidence rates of outcomes were calculated w/in baseline LD groups; incidence rate ratios were calculated as the incidence rate during lova-exposed periods divided by the rate during lova-unexposed periods. Multivariate analyses were conducted w/extended Cox models adjusting for age & gender. Results: A total of 73232 pts met the entry criteria and were at risk for an outcome event. Overall, lova exposure was associated w/a lower risk of each outcome that was consistent across all baseline LD subsets(Table). All reductions were significant except fatty liver, likely due to the small number of cases (3 exposed, 76 unexposed); these results persisted after multivariate adjustment.TableConclusions: Lova exposure was associated w/a significantly lower risk of adverse LD outcomes; this effect was apparent in all baseline LD subgroups, though not all effects retained significance in stratified analyses.
Message passing on a local network (1985)

This thesis focuses on understanding the cost of transparent interprocess communication in a distributed system consisting of a set of machines connected by a local network. Interprocess communication is transparent if processes can communicate without regard to physical host boundaries. Transparent interprocess communication is a very powerful tool because it allows us to view the collection of different machines as a single, logically unified computer system. We concentrate on the efficiency aspects of transparent interprocess communication on a local network. In order to obtain experimental evidence, a transparent message-passing mechanism has been implemented as part of the distributed V kernel. This message-passing mechanism has been used as the basis for various distributed applications. In particular, it has been used extensively for providing transparent file access from diskless workstations to a set of network-based file servers. Based in part on experience gained from the implementation and use of the distributed V kernel, this thesis presents four contributions: (1) An empirical evaluation of high-performance message passing on a local network, (2) A queueing network model of file access from diskless workstations over a local area network to a set of file servers, (3) An analysis of the protocol used to support the V interprocess communication on a broadcast network, and (4) The integration of the broadcast and multicast capabilities of local area networks into message-based interprocess communication.
Isolation of 4000 SARS-CoV-2 shows that contagiousness is associated with viral load, not vaccine or symptomatic status (2021)

Culture inoculation of 6722 nasopharyngeal samples since February 2020 allowed isolation of 3637 SARS-CoV-2 and confirmed that isolation rate is correlated to viral load, regardless symptomatology or vaccination status. Moreover, the delta variant is associated with higher viral loads and therefore higher rates of viral isolation, explaining its greater contagiousness.
Hierarchical Protocol for Byzantine Agreement in a Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network (2006)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are composed of large number and various types of processes interconnected in networks. Peers may not suffer from only stop fault but also Byzantine fault. We have to discuss how to make a system tolerant of Byzantine faults of processes. In order to reduce the overhead of Byzantine agreement (BA), we consider a hierarchical group (HG) composed of subgroups. Each subgroup shares at least one of correct processes named gateway ones with other subgroups. Even if a leader process of a subgroup is faulty, all the correct processes can make an agreement on the correct value in a whole group because correct gateway processes forward correct values to the subgroup. We evaluate the protocol compared with traditional protocols in terms of number of messages and rounds