gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas density does not affect pulmonary acoustic transmission in normal men (1995)

Fremitus, the transmission of sound and vibration from the mouth to the chest wall, has long been used clinically to examine the pulmonary system. Recently, modern technology has become available to measure the acoustic transfer function (TF) and transit times (TT) of the pulmonary system. Because sound speed is inversely proportional to the square root of gas density in free gas, but not in porous media, we measured the effect of air and Heliox (80% He-20% O2) breathing on pulmonary sound transmission in six healthy subjects to investigate the mechanism of sound transmission. Wide-band noise (75-2,000 Hz) was "injected" into the mouth and picked up over the trachea and chest wall. The averaged power spectra, TF, phase, and coherence were calculated using a fast Fourier transform-based algorithm. The phase data were used to calculate TT as a function of frequency. TF was found to consist of a low-pass filter property with essentially flat transmitted energy to 300 Hz and exponential decline to 600 Hz at the anterior right upper lobe (CR) and flat transmission to 100 Hz with exponential decline to 150 Hz at the right posterior base (BR). TF was not affected by breathing Heliox. The average TT values, calculated from the slopes of the averaged phase, were 1.5 +/- 0.5 ms for trachea to CR and 5.2 +/- 0.5 ms for trachea to BR transmission during air breathing. During Heliox breathing, the values of TT were 1.5 +/- 0.5 ms and 4.9 +/- 0.5 ms from the trachea to CR and from the trachea to BR locations, respectively. These results suggest that sound transmission in the respiratory system is dominated by wave propagation through the parenchymal porous structure.
Self-Adaptation to Device Distribution Changes (2016)

A key problem when coordinating the behaviour of devices in situated networks (e.g., pervasive computing, smart cities, Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks) is adaptation to changes impacting network topology, density, and heterogeneity. Computational goals for such systems are often expressed in terms of geometric properties of the continuous environment in which the devices are situated, and the results of resilient computations should depend primarily on that continuous environment, rather than the particulars of how devices happen to be distributed through it. In this paper, we identify a new property of distributed algorithms, eventual consistency, which guarantees that computation self-stabilizes to a final state that approximates a predictable limit as the density and speed of devices increases. We then identify a large class of programs that are eventually consistent, building on prior results on the field calculus computational model to identify a class of self-stabilizing programs. Finally, we confirm through simulation of pervasive network scenarios that eventually consistent programs from this class can provide resilient behavior where programs that are only self-stabilizing fail badly.
Diagnosis and evaluation of portal hypertension. (1988)

In the past recent years there have been several major innovations in the diagnosis and evaluation of portal hypertension. These include the application of new endoscopic, ultrasonographic and haemodynamic techniques that allow a better evaluation of the portal hypertensive patient, specially when prophylactic medical therapy is considered. Ultrasonography is very useful to assess the patency of the portal vein. The association of a pulsed Doppler flowmeter increases its accuracy and allows the non-invasive estimation of the direction and magnitude of portal blood flow. Endoscopic measurements of variceal pressure may help to understand the mechanism of variceal bleeding, and perhaps might permit to assess the risk of haemorrhage in the individual patient. In addition to the measurement of portal pressure, measurement of blood flow through the azygos vein has been the major innovation in the haemodynamic evaluation of portal hypertension. Azygos blood flow represents an index of blood flow through gastroesophageal collaterals and varices draining in the azygos vein. This technique has been very useful in the development of new forms of pharmacological therapy for portal hypertension.
Table S1, Table S2, Table S3, Table S4, Table S5, Table S6, Table S7, Table S8, Table S9, Table S10, Table S11, Figure S1, Figure S2, Figure S3, Text from Serum miRNA–based Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Definition criteria of categorical variables for logistic-LASSO regression analysis Table S2. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with benign breast diseases Table S3. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients stratified into the training set and test set Table S4. Comparison of T staging between pre- and post-operative diagnosis Table S5. Comparison of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) between pre- and post-operative diagnosis Table S6. Clinicopathological characteristics of N-positive patients misdiagnosed as N-negative in the test set Table S7. Sensitivity and specificity analysis for the diagnostic index in the test set Table S8. Biomarker candidate miRNAs for N positivity Table S9. Comparison of post-operative lymphovascular invasion (LVI) between original and re-evaluated diagnosis in the training set Table S10. Characteristics of ultrasound findings of axillary lymph node status Table S11. Utility of ultrasonography for the detection of axillary lymph node metastasis Figure S1. Ultrasound findings of suspicious metastatic and negative axillary lymph nodes. Figure S2. Serum levels of miR-629-3p and miR-4710 in the training set. P-values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc analysis. Figure S3. ROC curves for histological grade and Ki-67 labeling index in the test set (postoperative pathology). Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Text. Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Cesare Vetter et Marco Marin, avec Elisabetta Gon (dir.), La felicità é un'idea nuova in Europa. Contributo al lessico della rivoluzione francese (2013)

Après un premier tome paru en 2005, l’équipe de Trieste poursuit son exploration lexographique des textes révolutionnaires fournissant un outil important pour toute la communauté intéressée par l’histoire de la Révolution française. Les auteurs ont constitué un corpus avec les œuvres de Marat, Robespierre, Saint-Just et le journal d’Hébert, un discours de Lequinio, ainsi que 112 catéchismes révolutionnaires, qui ont été digitalisés et qui sont soumis aux analyses lexicologiques et lexicométri...
PROCEEDINGS OF RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER WORKSHOP ENTITLED "RHIC PHYSICS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STANDARD MODEL" (VOLUME 82). (2006)

RBRC has an active workshop program on strong interaction physics with each workshop focused on a specific physics problem. Each workshop speaker is
A compact mathematical formulation for shared path protection with general shared risk groups (2005)

This paper provides a compact mathematical formulation for shared protection in communication networks with bandwidth guaranteed tunnels. The formulation is characterized by taking the most general definition of the shared risk group (SRG) with the complete routing information in the single failure scenario, which can facilitate solving the shared path protection problem on various network topologies and various graph models of networks. The general SRGs are essential for survivable routing in multi-layer grooming networks as well as in multi-domain networks. With the formulation, a general approach and a unified expression for solving the dynamic survivable routing problem can be developed. A case study is given at the end to verify the proposed formulation on a well studied special case, namely protecting against a single node or a single link failure.
Alkali-activation of Fe-RICH slag using mixed Na-K solutions (2019)

Inorganic polymers (IPs) are typically obtained by alkali-activation of inorganic precursor materials, often residues from other industries such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag or non-ferrous metallurgy (NFM) slag.1 The majority of inorganic polymers has been created by activation with alkali-silicate Solutions, where the alkalis are usually either sodium (Na) or potassium (K). However, research on the combination of both Na- and K-silicate activators is scarce, and mainly focused on aluminosilicate precursors whereas the NFM slags are richer in iron.2 The effect of using mixed-alkali Solutions is still unclear and seen to vary in literature. Duxson et al.3 reported an increased compressive strength for metakaolin-based geopolymers actjvated with mixed-alkali Solutions with respect to data obtained when single-alkali Solutions were used, and attributed this to a further unspecified mixed-alkali effect (MAE). A strength increase of mixed-alkali-activation with respect to sodium-based activation of fly ash was seen by Leong et al.A at elevated temperatures (60°C). Flowever, at room temperature decreased strength was reported. Phair and van Deventer5 also observed a negative interaction of both alkalis, leading to decreased strengths for mixed-alkali activated fly ash with respect to pure-alkali activated samples. In another study, Chuah et al.6 reported a strength decrease going from Na- to K-activated fly ash, vyith mixed-cation alkali-activation yielding intermediate strengths. The effect of activation with mixed Na/K-solutions is still unclear, and possibly depends on the precursor. Furthermore, alkali-activation of iron-rich precursors, such as NFM slags, has only been scarcely investigated and even more so with respect to mixed-alkali Solutions. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the mixed-alkalieffect by activation of a synthetic NFM-like slag with both pure Na- and K-silicate Solutions as well as mixed Na/K-silicate Solutions.
Stimuli-controlled fluid movement at the microscale (2014)

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 by single missense point mutations characterizes a large number of human tumors. At least some mutant p53 proteins not only have lost the tumor suppressor function, but at the same time reveal a variety of dominant oncogenic properties. The molecular basis of this 'gain of function' is still unknown. In this report we describe a new biochemical activity of mutant p53, the specific high-affinity interaction with MAR/SAR DNA-elements (nuclear matrix/scaffold attachment regions). This DNA-binding activity can be distinguished from the previously reported DNA-binding activities of p53 by its specificity for mutant p53, the high binding affinity, and the domains of the mutant p53 molecule involved in MAR/SAR DNA-binding. The MAR/SAR-binding region of mutant p53 maps to a bipartite domain consisting of the mutated core region and the C-terminal 60 amino acids, carrying the unspecific DNA-binding domain and the oligomerization motif. MAR/SAR elements are considered as important regulatory elements in a variety of nuclear processes. We propose a model according to which the specific interaction of mutant p53 with MAR/SAR elements might interfere with these processes, thereby exerting pleiotropic oncogenic effects.
Janus Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Dual Targeting of Tumor Cells and Mitochondria (2017)

The development of targeted nanocarriers able to be selectively internalized within tumor cells, and therefore to deliver anti-tumor drugs specifically to diseased cells, constitutes one of the most important goals in nano-oncology. Herein, the development of Janus mesoporous silica particles asymmetrically decorated with two targeting moieties, one of them selective for folate membrane cell receptors (folic acid) and the other one able to bind to mitochondria membrane (triphenylphosphine, TPP), is described in order to achieve sequential cell to organelle vectorization. The asymmetric decoration of each side of the particle allows fine control in the targeting attachment process in comparison with the use of symmetric nanocarriers. The presence of folic acid induces a higher increase in particle accumulation inside tumor cells, and once there, these nanocarriers are guided close to mitochondria by the action of the TPP moiety. This strategy can be applied for improving the therapeutic efficacy of current nanomedicines.
White light emission from silicon nanoparticles (2017)

As one of the most important semiconductors, silicon (Si) has been used to fabricate electronic devices, waveguides, detectors, and solar cells etc. However, its indirect bandgap hinders the use of Si for making good emitters1. For integrated photonic circuits, Si-based emitters with sizes in the range of 100-300 nm are highly desirable. Here, we show that efficient white light emission can be realized in spherical and cylindrical Si nanoparticles with feature sizes of ~200 nm. The up-converted luminescence appears at the magnetic and electric multipole resonances when the nanoparticles are resonantly excited at their magnetic and electric dipole resonances by using femtosecond (fs) laser pulses with ultralow low energy of ~40 pJ. The lifetime of the white light is as short as ~52 ps, almost three orders of magnitude smaller than the state-of-the-art results reported so far for Si (~10 ns). Our finding paves the way for realizing efficient Si-based emitters compatible with current semiconductor fabrication technology, which can be integrated to photonic circuits.
Transmission analysis of electromagnetic induction RFID system (2010)

Abstract The transmission characteristics of the electromagnetic induction RFID systems are greatly influenced by the distance between the primary and secondary antenna coils and by the materials used in their design. In this paper the induced current of the secondary antenna coil is calculated by the 3D finite element method when both the primary and secondary antenna coils are operated in resonant circuits. The influences of the analyzed parameters on the transmission characteristics are demonstrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(4): 38–45, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21019
TLR9 mediates cellular protection by modulating energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes and neurons (2013)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the central players in innate immunity. In particular, TLR9 initiates inflammatory response by recognizing DNA, imported by infection or released from tissue damage. Inflammation is, however, harmful to terminally differentiated organs, such as the heart and brain, with poor regenerative capacity, yet the role of TLR9 in such nonimmune cells, including cardiomyocytes and neurons, is undefined. Here we uncover an unexpected role of TLR9 in energy metabolism and cellular protection in cardiomyocytes and neurons. TLR9 stimulation reduced energy substrates and increased the AMP/ATP ratio, subsequently activating AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), leading to increased stress tolerance against hypoxia in cardiomyocytes without inducing the canonical inflammatory response. Analysis of the expression profiles between cardiomyocytes and macrophages identified that unc93 homolog B1 (C. elegans) was a pivotal switch for the distinct TLR9 responses by regulating subcellular localization of TLR9. Furthermore, this alternative TLR9 signaling was also found to operate in differentiated neuronal cells. These data propose an intriguing model that the same ligand-receptor can concomitantly increase the stress tolerance in cardiomyocytes and neurons, whereas immune cells induce inflammation upon tissue injury.
Random Item IRT Models (2008)

It is common practice in IRT to consider items as fixed and persons as random. Both, continuous and categorical person parameters are most often random variables, whereas for items only continuous parameters are used and they are commonly of the fixed type, although exceptions occur. It is shown in the present article that random item parameters make sense theoretically, and that in practice the random item approach is promising to handle several issues, such as the measurement of persons, the explanation of item difficulties, and trouble shooting with respect to DIF. In correspondence with these issues, three parts are included. All three rely on the Rasch model as the simplest model to study, and the same data set is used for all applications. First, it is shown that the Rasch model with fixed persons and random items is an interesting measurement model, both, in theory, and for its goodness of fit. Second, the linear logistic test model with an error term is introduced, so that the explanation of the item difficulties based on the item properties does not need to be perfect. Finally, two more models are presented: the random item profile model (RIP) and the random item mixture model (RIM). In the RIP, DIF is not considered a discrete phenomenon, and when a robust regression approach based on the RIP difficulties is applied, quite good DIF identification results are obtained. In the RIM, no prior anchor sets are defined, but instead a latent DIF class of items is used, so that posterior anchoring is realized (anchoring based on the item mixture). It is shown that both approaches are promising for the identification of DIF.
Thin Film Systems: Basic Aspects (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Interconnects for Microelectronics Introduction Metallization Layers Materials Science of Metallic Interconnects Function of Barrier and Nucleation Layers and Materials Selection Metallization Structures in Acoustoelectronics Introduction Fundamentals of Surface Acoustic Waves Interdigital Transducers (IDTs) Reflector Gratings Waveguides, Energy Trapping Multistrip Couplers Silicide Layers for Electronics Introduction The Basic Chemical and Physical Properties Preparation of Silicides Silicides with Metallic Conductivity Semiconducting Silicides Heterogeneously Disordered Silicide Films Complex Layered Systems for Magnetoelectronics Introduction Magnetism: A Primer Magnetic Coupling Phenomena Electric Transport in Layered Magnetic Systems Functional Thin Film Systems Multilayer and Single-Surface Reflectors for X-Ray Optics Introduction Refraction and Reflection at Single Boundaries BRAGG Reflection at 1D Lattice Systems Multilayer Preparation References
The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for Adult Diffuse Midline Glioma: Version 2021.1 (2021)

The detection of H3K27M mutation is the most important diagnostic criteria for DMG. Combination of surgery (if amenable to surgery), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy based on comprehensive multidisciplinary discussion can be considered as the treatment options for DMG.
Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice (2016)

Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio.
Subcarrier multiplexed lightwave system design considerations for subscriber loop applications (1989)

Design considerations for subscriber multiplexed (SCM) systems distributing multichannel analog/digital signals are reviewed. In particular, video distribution schemes based on lightwave transmission technologies are discussed. The two most important system design considerations in an SCM system are the control of intensity noise and nonlinear distortions. Intensity noise characteristics and degradation caused by optical reflections are discussed. Laser and detector linearity requirements are reviewed. System signal-to-noise ratio analysis is performed. Design considerations for receivers for SCM systems are reviewed, and various system applications are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extended high-frame rate imaging method with limited-diffraction beams (2006)

Fast three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging is a technical challenge. Previously, a high-frame rate (HFR) imaging theory was developed in which a pulsed plane wave was used in transmission, and limited-diffraction array beam weightings were applied to received echo signals to produce a spatial Fourier transform of object function for 3-D image reconstruction. In this paper, the theory is extended to include explicitly various transmission schemes such as multiple limited-diffraction array beams and steered plane waves. A relationship between the limited-diffraction array beam weighting of received echo signals and a 2-D Fourier transform of the same signals over a transducer aperture is established. To verify the extended theory, computer simulations, in vitro experiments on phantoms, and in vivo experiments on the human kidney and heart were performed. Results show that image resolution and contrast are increased over a large field of view as more and more limited-diffraction array beams with different parameters or plane waves steered at different angles are used in transmissions. Thus, the method provides a continuous compromise between image quality and image frame rate that is inversely proportional to the number of transmissions used to obtain a single frame of image. From both simulations and experiments, the extended theory holds a great promise for future HFR 3-D imaging.
Unseeded molecular flow tagging in cold and hot flows using ozone and hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (2000)

Two complementary unseeded molecular flow tagging techniques for gas-flow velocity field measurement at low and high temperature are demonstrated. Ozone tagging velocimetry (OTV) is applicable to low-temperature air flows whereas hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV) is amenable to use in high-temperature reacting flows containing water vapour. In OTV, a grid of ozone lines is created by photodissociation of O_2 by a narrowband 193 nm ArF excimer laser. After a fixed time delay, the ozone grid is imaged with a narrowband KrF laser sheet that photodissociates the ozone and produces vibrationally excited O_2 that is subsequently made to fluoresce by the same KrF laser light sheet via the O_2 transition B^3Σ_u^-(v'=0,2) ← X^3Σ_g^-(v"=6,7). In HTV, a molecular grid of hydroxyl (OH) radicals is written into a flame by single-photon photodissociation of vibrationally excited H_2O by a 193 nm ArF excimer laser. After displacement, the OH tag line position is revealed through fluorescence caused by OH A^2Σ^+_-X^2Π (3←0) excitation using a 248 nm tunable KrF excimer laser. OTV and HTV use the same lasers and can simultaneously measure velocities in low and high temperature regions. Instantaneous flow-tagging grids are measured in air flows and a flame. The velocity field is extracted from OTV images in an air jet using the image correlation velocimetry (ICV) method.