gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF 3,3‐DIPHENYL‐2‐OXOINDOLINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR AMIDES (1981)

Abstract Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß bei Arbeiten über 3,3‐Diaryl‐2‐oxoindolin‐1‐essigsäure Verbindungen gefunden wurden, deren antiinflammatorische Wirkung die des Butadions weit übertreffen, werden Substanzen synthetisiert, die eine Carboxylgruppe im anellierten Benzolring aufweisen.
Hardware Multithreaded Transactions (2018)

Speculation with transactional memory systems helps pro- grammers and compilers produce profitable thread-level parallel programs. Prior work shows that supporting transactions that can span multiple threads, rather than requiring transactions be contained within a single thread, enables new types of speculative parallelization techniques for both programmers and parallelizing compilers. Unfortunately, software support for multi-threaded transactions (MTXs) comes with significant additional inter-thread communication overhead for speculation validation. This overhead can make otherwise good parallelization unprofitable for programs with sizeable read and write sets. Some programs using these prior software MTXs overcame this problem through significant efforts by expert programmers to minimize these sets and optimize communication, capabilities which compiler technology has been unable to equivalently achieve. Instead, this paper makes speculative parallelization less laborious and more feasible through low-overhead speculation validation, presenting the first complete design, implementation, and evaluation of hardware MTXs. Even with maximal speculation validation of every load and store inside transactions of tens to hundreds of millions of instructions, profitable parallelization of complex programs can be achieved. Across 8 benchmarks, this system achieves a geomean speedup of 99% over sequential execution on a multicore machine with 4 cores.
BTEX removal with bioelectrochemical systems (2017)

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are hazardous contaminants that can accidentally impact groundwater. Biological strategies can be used to remove BTEX compounds usually by adding oxygen to sustain the aerobic degradation. However, this approach can be expensive and technically difficult. The use of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) has been suggested as an alternative strategy. Anaerobic single chamber BES reactors (120 mL) have been set up using volcanic pumice as support material for the microbial growth and refinery wastewater as microbial inoculum. Graphite electrodes were connected to a power supply (external voltages of 0.8 V, 1.0 V and 1.2 V were applied over 160 days). A BTEX mixture was supplied as carbon source. Abiotic and open circuit controls were set up. Current production and sulphate reduction were associated to hydrocarbons degradation at all the potentials. The highest current output were observed at 0.8 V. The first order kinetic constants calculated for toluene, m-xylene and p-xylene were respectively 0.4 ± 0.1 days-1, 0.34 ± 0.09 days-1, 0.16 ± 0.02 days-1 at 0.8 V. Next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the family Desulfobulbaceae was the most enriched in the anodic biofilms highlighting the importance of the sulphur cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOLYSE VON DIAZOTETRAPHENYLCYCLOPENTADIEN IN GEGENWART VON AMINEN (1971)

Abstract Beim Erhitzen einer Lösung des Cyclo Stickstoff entstehen die Ylide (III) in pentadiens (I) in den Pyridinen (II) unter 86‐96%iger Ausbeute.
Impat Modifiers for PVC (1968)

PVCは,多くの長所をもち,かつ,廉価であるため,プラスチック分野の主要な地位を占めていることはいうまでもない。しかし,さらに応用分野を開拓し,かつ,他のプラスチックおよびトラジショナルな物質との競争に耐えるためには,PVCの利点を保ちつつ,その欠点を是正していく必要がある。PVCの欠点は,主として,熱安定性,加工性,耐衝撃性があげられ,改良研究の多くは,これらに集中している。ここでは,衝撃強度を改良するためにPVCに添加する強化剤について,ごく概要のみを述べたい。個々のテーマについて,まだまだ不明の点も多く,十分,議論されていないが,耐衝撃強化剤の問題点を,少しでもご理解いただけたら幸である。
Temporal Control Deficits in Murine Models of Huntington’s Disease (2015)

Timing is a ubiquitous process that underlies a great variety of human activities and depends on highly conserved neuronal circuitry, the cortico-striatal loops. The peak interval (PI) task is an operant task that conditions subjects to initiate and terminate behavioral responses bracketing a fixed interval associated with reinforcement. Performance in this task depends on the efficacy of temporal control processes that coordinate interval encoding and decoding, instrumental response innitiation, cessation and maintenance, and motor control. Here, we used the PI procedure to characterize temporal control in zQ175 knockin (KI) and BAC HD transgenic (Tg) mice generated to model Huntington's Disease (HD), and contrast the result with previously published R6/2 Tg PI data. HD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves degeneration of the same neural circuits underlying temporal information processing and control of motor output. Our results indicate that temporal control is disrupted in R6/2 Tg and zQ175 KI mice but intact in BAC HD Tg mice. Trial-by-trial analysis of break-run patterns in response rates indicated that shifts in zQ175 KI response curves were driven by significant delays in response initiation and cessation. Similar temporal control deficits were previously reported in HD patients and R6/2 transgenic HD mice. These findings support the use of zQ175 mice in preclinical studies of HD-related cognitive deficits. They provide evidence of a strong homology between the human and rodent neural bases of temporal information processing, temporal response control, and their pathology in neurodegeneration.
Engram stability and maturation during systems consolidation (2023)

Remote memories play an important role in how we perceive the world, and they are rooted throughout the brain in "engrams": ensembles of cells that are formed during acquisition. Upon their reactivation, a specific memory can be recalled.<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup> Many studies have focused on the ensembles in CA1 of the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the evolution of these components during systems' consolidation has not yet been comprehensively addressed.<sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup> By applying transgenic approaches for ensemble identification, CLARITY, retro-AAV, and pseudo-rabies virus for circuit mapping, and chemogenetics for functional interrogation, we addressed the dynamics of recent and remote CA1 ensembles. We expected both stability (as they represent the same memory) and maturation (over time). Indeed, we found that CA1 engrams remain stable between recent and remote recalls, and the inhibition of engrams for recent recall during remote recall functionally impairs memory. We also found that new cells in the remote recall engram in the CA1 are not added randomly during maturation but differ according to their connections. First, we show in two ways that the anterograde CA1 → ACC engram cell projection grows larger. Finally, in the retrograde projections, the ACC reduces input to CA1 engram cells, whereas input from the entorhinal cortex and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus increases. Our results shine fresh light on systems' consolidation by providing a deeper understanding of engram stability and maturation in the transition from recent to remote memory.
Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation Therapy for Intraocular and Orbital Malignant Melanoma (1984)

Photoradiation therapy (PRT) is a new technique that is currently under investigation for the treatment of a variety of solid malignant tumors. The technique involves systemic administration of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), a photosensitizing compound that is preferentially retained by malignant cells and photoactivation of the neoplasm with red light (630 nm) to achieve selective destruction of cancer cells. We used HpD PRT for seven patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea and conclude that initial results of HpD PRT for uveal malignant melanoma are encouraging and justify further investigation.
중간소득 이하 중년층의 성공적 노화인식이 노후준비에 미치는 영향 (2015)

본 연구는 중간소득 이하 중년층의 노후준비와 관련하여 성공적 노화인식이 노후준비에 끼치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 성공적 노화와 노후준비에 관한 이론적 고찰을 통해 중간소득 이하 중년층의 성공적 노화인식을 살펴보고 이 인식이 노후준비에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는가를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 자료는 서울, 경기지역의 지역자활센터, 취업지원센터 등을 이용하는 40~50대의 중간소득이하 중년층 265명을 대상으로 수집되었다. 주요 연구결과로는 중간소득 이하 중년층의 성공적 노화인식이 노후준비에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세부적으로 살펴보면 성공적 노화인식 중 개인성장, 타인의 인정, 의미 추구차원의 인식이 노후준비에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 소득이 낮은 중년계층의 노후준비를 활성화 할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고 나아가 저소득 중년층의 노후의 삶의 질을 높이는데 기여할 수 있겠다. 중간소득 이하 중년층이 낮은 소득수준에서라도 노후준비를 활성화할 수 있도록 성공적 노화인식 향상을 위한 실천적 노력과 노후 삶의 질을 높이기 위한 정책적 방안이 함께 모색되어야 함을 시사한다.
The Go programming language and environment (2022)

Released as open source in November 2009, Go has become the foundation for critical infrastructure at every major cloud provider. Its creators look back on how Go got here and why it has stuck around.
A novel, soluble compound, C25, sensitizes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through upregulation of DR5 expression (2015)

The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential therapeutic agent that induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells. However, numerous solid tumor types are resistant to TRAIL. Sensitization to TRAIL has been an area of great research interest, but has met significant challenges because of poor bioavailability, half-life, and solubility of sensitizing compounds such as curcumin. Soluble, TRAIL-sensitizing compounds were screened on the basis of similarity to the redox-active substructure of curcumin and sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We determined the effect of the lead compound, C25, in combination with TRAIL in human cancer cell lines using MTS proliferation assays, apoptosis assays, and western blotting. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of death receptor 5 (DR5) was performed to determine whether DR5 upregulation was required for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. In-vivo efficacy was determined using human lung tumor xenograft models. C25 helped overcome TRAIL resistance by upregulating the expression of the TRAIL receptor DR5 and apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. Blockade of DR5 expression abrogated C25 sensitization to TRAIL, demonstrating the requirement for DR5 upregulation for C25-mediated potentiation of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. The combination of C25 and TRAIL effectively inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. This study demonstrates the synergistic efficacy of C25 in sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in multiple tumor cell types, including highly resistant lung and ovarian tumor cell lines. Furthermore, C25 was efficacious against tumor growth in vivo. Thus, C25 may be a potential therapeutic for cancer in combination with TRAIL or DR5 agonist therapy.
Effect of Temperature and Composition on the Stability of Crude Oil Blends Studied with Chemical Imaging in Situ (2015)

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic imaging approach has been applied in situ to investigate the behavior of crude oil blends at different conditions. The ratio between mixed crude oils and temperature has been varied to study how these factors influence the stability of the blends. Obtained spectroscopic results have been used to correlate the composition of the blends with respect to the incompatibility of crude oils. The chemical compositions of precipitates formed from the blends at 60 and 200 °C have been examined by FTIR spectroscopy. The change of asphaltene solubility in crude oil blends as well as the precipitation of inorganic salts, sulfates, have been observed at higher temperature. Based on available spectroscopic data, the formation of hydrogen bonds between sulfoxide groups of precipitated inorganic sulfates and hydroxy groups of asphaltenes or similar condensed aromatic species has been proposed.
Conversion of Residue Straws Using Intermediate Pyrolysis for Decentralised Off-Grid Electricity Generation in India (2012)

Intermediate pyrolysis for biomass conversion is an existing alternative to off¬grid electricity production from fossil fuel resources, which helps and supports local farmers, reduces the dependency on imports and creates by this way a long term sustainable and economical way of rural energy conversion. Use of agricultural residues, like wheat or rice straw for energy conversion, is the most effective measure in terms of costs and availability. The straw obtained from the field is milled and pelletized prior to the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis tests are carried on a lab scale Pyroformer with wheat straw at a feed rate of 20 kg/h. The products of the process are the vapour and the char. The vapours are quenched using biodiesel as direct contact medium without any hot gas filtration. The process temperature was at 360 °C and the yields for the product fractions char, pyrolysis oil, and non¬condensable gas fractions were, 33 %, 33 %, and 34 % respectively. The pyrolysis oil was condensed in a quenching unit using bio¬diesel. The blend produced was 30 % pyrolysis liquid and 70 % bio¬diesel. The blended oil has a heating value of 36 MJ/kg, and acidity of 4.8, no separate water fraction appeared.
Cis−TransPhotoisomerization of Fluorescent-Protein Chromophores (2008)

Photochromic variants of fluorescent proteins are opening the way to a number of opportunities for high-sensitivity regioselective studies in the cellular environment and may even lead to applications in information and communication technology. Yet, the detailed photophysical processes at the basis of photoswitching have not been fully clarified. In this paper, we used synthetic FP chromophores to clarify the photophysical processes associated with the photochromic behavior. In particular, we investigated the spectral modification of synthetic chromophore analogues of wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP), Y66F GFP (BFPF), and Y66W GFP (CFP) upon irradiation in solutions of different polarities. We found that the cis-trans photoisomerization mechanism can be induced in all the chromophores. The structural assignments were carried out both by NMR measurements and DFT calculations. Remarkably, we determined for the first time the spectra of neutral trans isomers in different solvents. Finally, we calculated the photoconversion quantum yields by absorption measurements under continuous illumination at different times and by a nanosecond laser-flash photolysis method. Our results indicate that cis-trans photoisomerization is a general mechanism of FP chromophores whose efficiency is modulated by the detailed mutant-specific protein environment.
Questionnaire-Based Survey on Epidemiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Current Status of Gastrointestinal Motility Testing in Asian Countries (2020)

This survey revealed epidemiology of FGIDs and current status of gastrointestinal motility testing in some East and Southeast Asian countries.
Intraspinal connections of dorsal column postsynaptic neurons in the cat--a physiological analysis. (1985)

Dorsal column postsynaptic (DCPS) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord have been identified by antidromic stimulation and intracellularly recorded in anesthetized cats. In about one-half of the cells, the antidromic stimulus evokes only an antidromic potential. This potential sometimes has an atypical shape due to penetration-induced depolarization. Atypical potentials are converted into typical antidromic spike potentials after intracellular injection of hyperpolarizing current. In the other one-half, the antidromic potentials are followed by postsynaptic activity. Intracellular analysis indicates that this postsynaptic activity is generated largely by activation of the intraspinal collaterals of A-beta primary afferents that are ascending the dorsal columns. Part of this postsynaptic activity has been produced monosynaptically. Polysnaptic responses are also evident; these are thought to be initiated by A-beta axons, desending axons from neurons in the dorsal column nuclei, or the local collaterals of the DCPS axons themselves. The results indicate that the DCPS system is nonlemniscal in nature and may be involved in those pain modulation systems that are activated by A-beta afferents.
Optimization of interstrand interactions enables burn detection with a collagen-mimetic peptide (2019)

Collagen is an abundant component of the extracellular matrix and connective tissues. Some collagen-mimetic peptides (CMPs) that do not form homotrimers can anneal to damaged tissue. Here, through acomputational screen, we identify (flpHypGly)₇as an optimal monomeric CMP for heterotrimer formation.Wefind that (flpHypGly)₇ forms stable triple helices with (ProProGly)₇ but not with itself. The nonnaturalamino acid HflpOH, which is (2S,4S)-4-fluoroproline, is not toxic to humanfibroblasts or keratinocytes.Conjugation of (flpHypGly)₇ to afluorescent dye enables the facile detection of burned collagenoustissue with high specificity. The ubiquity of collagen and the prevalence of injuries and diseases thatdisrupt endogenous collagen suggests widespread utility for this approach.
Intraventricular cystic papillary meningioma (2020)

The diagnosis of intraventricular cystic papillary meningioma depends mainly on its histology and imaging features. Total resection and adjuvant radiotherapy can result in a relatively good prognosis of patients with intraventricular cystic papillary meningiomas.
Example-based plastic deformation of rigid bodies (2016)

Physics-based animation is often used to animate scenes containing destruction of near-rigid, man-made materials. For these applications, the most important visual features are plastic deformation and fracture. Methods based on continuum mechanics model these materials as elastoplastic, and must perform expensive elasticity computations even though elastic deformations are imperceptibly small for rigid materials. We introduce an example-based plasticity model based on linear blend skinning that allows artists to author simulation objects using familiar tools. Dynamics are computed using an unmodified rigid body simulator, making our method computationally efficient and easy to integrate into existing pipelines. We introduce a flexible technique for mapping impulses computed by the rigid body solver to local, example-based deformations. For completeness, our method also supports prescoring based fracture. We demonstrate the practicality of our method by animating a variety of destructive scenes.
Design and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Products (2016)

Paul J. Missel, John C. Lang, Denise P. Rodeheaver, Rajni Jani,Masood A. Chowhan, James Chastain, and Terry Dagnon Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A.INTRODUCTIONAny modern text on the design and evaluation of therapeutic products must place intounique perspective the nature of the eye and requirements of ophthalmic dosage forms.The eye, perhaps better than any other bodily organ, serves as a model structure for theevaluation of drug activity. In no other organ can a practitioner, without surgical ormechanical intervention, so well observe the activity of an administered drug. With suchmodern instrumentation as the biomicroscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT)instrument (Fig. 1), confocal microscope capable of viewing the single-layered cornealendothelium, and various devices for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP), blood flow,and electroretinal response, the ophthalmologist can readily track changes in ocularstructures from the cornea to the retina and monitor their function and physiology (1)(Fig. 2). In so doing, the ophthalmologist and diagnostic scientist often detect signs ofocular or systemic disease long before sight-threatening or certain general health-threatening disease states become intractable. With such specialized instrumentation, thepractitioner can view the activity of the drug product on the entire eye or the activity oreffect on a cell, a group of cells, or entire tissues for products administered to the internalstructure of the eye.
Susceptibility loci for lung cancer are associated with mRNA levels of nearby genes in the lung (2014)

Recent studies identified three genetic loci reproducibly associated with lung cancer in populations of European ancestry, namely 15q25, 5p15 and 6p21. The goals of this study are first to confirm whether these loci are associated with lung cancer in a French Canadian population and second to identify disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of genes in the lung, that is expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). SNPs were genotyped in 420 patients undergoing lung cancer surgery and compared with 3151 controls of European ancestry. Genome-wide gene expression levels in non-tumor lung tissues of the same 420 patients were also measured to identify eQTLs. Significant eQTLs were then followed-up in two replication sets (n = 339 and 363). SNPs found in the three susceptibility loci were associated with lung cancer in the French Canadian population. Strong eQTLs were found on chromosome 15q25 with the expression levels of CHRNA5 (P = 2.23 × 10(-) (22) with rs12907966). The CHRNA5-rs12907966 eQTL was convincingly validated in the two replication sets (P = 3.46 × 10(-) (16) and 2.01 × 10(-) (15)). On 6p21, a trend was observed for rs3131379 to be associated with the expression of APOM (P = 3.58 × 10(-) (4)) and validated in the replication sets (P = 1.11 × 10(-) (8) and 6.84 × 10(-) (4)). On 5p15, no significant eQTLs were found. This study confirmed that chromosomes 15q25, 5p15 and 6p21 harbored susceptibility loci for lung cancer in French Canadians. Most importantly, this study suggests that the risk alleles at 15q25 and 6p21 may mediate their effect by regulating the mRNA expression levels of CHRNA5 and APOM in the lung.
Biologigic membrane for guided bone regeneration. (2004)

J. Kor. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2004;30:17-24) 정 필 훈 110-768, 서울특별시종로구연건동 28 서울대학교치과대학구강악안면외과학교실 Pill-Hoon Choung Department of OMFS, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University #28, Yeongun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-768, South Korea Tel : 82-2-760-3477 Fax : 82-2-745-3477 E-mail : choungph@snu.ac.kr BIOLOGIGIC MEMBRANE FOR GUIDED BONE REGENERATION Jong-Rak Hong, Nara Kang, Pill-Hoon Choung Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University Department of Dentistry, Samsung Medical Center The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and efficacy of biologic membrane made of freeze-dried cartilage as a barrier to facilitate guided bone regeneration in experimental non-healing bone defects in the rat mandible. Nine adult Sprague-Dawley rats (400-500g) were used in experiment. 5.0mm in diameter were created on the mandibular angle area by means of slow-speed trephine drill. In microscopic examination, dynamic immature bone forming at 2 weeks and its calcification at 4 weeks were observed. The membrane made of lyophilized cartilage taken from human costal cartilage seems to be very effective for guided bone regeneration as a biologic membrane and the scaffold for attachment of cells or local drug delivery system of growth factor, which may meet the ideal requirement of a barrier membrane and graft materials.