gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Constituents of Broussonetia Species X. Six New Alkaloids from Broussonetia kazinoki SIEB. (2001)

Six new alkaloids, broussonetines W, X, M1, U1, J3, and J2 (1-6) were isolated from the branches of Broussonetia kazinoki SIEB. (Moraceae) as minor constituents. They were formulated as (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-hydroxy-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-17-(cyclohexy-2-on-1(6)-enyl)heptyllpyrrolidine (1), (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-17-(cyclohexy-2-on-1(6)-enyl)heptyl]pyrrolidine-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(9R)-9,13-dihydroxytridecyl]- pyrrolidine (3), (2S,3S,4S)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(10-oxo-13-hydroxytridecyl)-5- pyrroline (4), (2R)-2-[(IS,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-8-1(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-1-acetylpyrrolidinyl)loctyl]piperidine (5), (2R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-8-[(2R,3R, 4R,5R)-5-(2-hydroxymethy]-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidinyl)]octyl]piperidine (6).
Machine-learning-based reconstruction of transient vortex-airfoil wake interaction (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3244.vid A complex transient flow generated by the interaction of a single perturbation vortex and an airfoil is reconstructed from limited pressure sensors using machine learning. With small number of sensor measurements and limited amount of training flow field data, we can accurately estimate the aerodynamic force coefficients, pressure distributions over airfoil surface, and two-dimensional vorticity field. To handle the strong nonlinearities and transient features in reconstructing the complex vortex-airfoil interaction, we utilize machine learning methods assisted with several strategies including increasing the diversity of training data and training within the transient region. Multi-layer perceptron is adopted for the estimation of aerodynamic forces and pressure over surface because it can effectively extract nonlinear relationship between the pressure sensor measurements and the output variables. The combination of multilayer perceptron with convolutional neural network is also used to capture two-dimensional flow features for the wake estimation. Further, long short-term memory algorithm embedded in training models greatly improves estimation for dynamical behaviors. The above models trained with diverse flow field data can estimate the flow field spanning over a wide parameter space from only the small amounts of training data. The present study offers insights into effective data preparation and model improvement for fluid flow reconstruction using machine learning.
The effect of pH and ionic strength on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in poly(acrylic acid) solutions (2011)

Abstract The dispersion of three kinds of acid‐treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) aqueous solution of different pH and ionic strengths (varied by NaCl, KCl and ZnCl 2 ) was investigated by visual observation, zeta potential, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Visual observation revealed that the dispersion of CNTs acid treated at 60 °C for 3 h and at 80 °C for 2 h was poor in aqueous solutions with pH &lt; 2 or pH &gt; 12. The poor dispersion of acid‐treated CNTs may be improved by adding PAA. In particular, PAA improved the dispersion of CNTs with greater COOH content. In a low pH solution (pH 1.5), a higher PAA content resulted in poorer CNT dispersion while in a high pH solution (pH 12.5), a higher PAA content led to better CNT dispersion. For superior dispersion in a basic aqueous solution (pH 12.5), experimental data showed that a greater atomic radius or a higher cationic charge of the added salt may result in faster aggregation and thus precipitation of CNTs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The Weil-Felix Reaction in Typhus Fever (1927)

(1)Statistical evidence cannot be deduced from such a small series of cases, but it would seem that the extent to which agglutinins for B. proteus X. 19 (Weil-Felix) were formed in the blood varied directly as the severity of the illness, since with the older and more ill patients a much higher dilution of serum agglutinated the organism at or near crisis than was the case with the younger patients, who were less acutely ill. An exception to this rule was met with in one case (Mrs E. R.), whose serum did not agglutinate the organism in a dilution beyond 1: 250, although she was the most severely ill of all the patients. It is possible that failure of agglutinin-formation resembles the absence of leucocytosis in the severely ill case of pneumonia and may be regarded as a bad prognostic feature. (2)A positive Weil-Felix reaction was not obtained before the fifth day of illness, nor in any case before the characteristic rash appeared, so that the reaction is of little value as a factor in the early diagnosis of typhus. Later, a reaction in which a dilution of the serum of 1: 50 agglutinates the organism may be regarded as diagnostic of typhus. (3)The Weil-Felix reaction remained positive for the longest period in those cases whose serum agglutinated in highest dilution, and in these patients a positive reaction (1: 25–1: 50) was still present nine to twelve weeks after infection, whereas in the milder cases, and in Mrs E. R., the reaction became negative in six to eight weeks from the onset of illness. (4)In view of this heterologous reaction in typhus, it is interesting to record that the Wassermann reaction obtained before crisis was positive in four out of six cases. It was still positive in two of the most severely ill patients a week after crisis, but was negative in all cases a week later.
Hearing restoration by a low-weight power-efficient multichannel optogenetic cochlear implant system (2020)

In case of deafness, electrical cochlear implants (eCIs) bypass dysfunctional or lost hair cells by direct stimulation of the auditory nerve. However, spectral selectivity of eCI sound coding is low as the wide current spread from each electrode activates large sets of neurons along the tonotopic axis. As light can be better confined in space, optical cochlear implants (oCIs) promise to overcome this shortcoming of eCIs. This requires appropriate sound processing and control of multiple microscale emitters. Here, we describe the development, characterisation, and application of a preclinical low-weight and wireless LED-based multichannel oCI system for hearing restoration and its companion to its sister eCI system. The head-worn oCI system enabled deafened rats to perform a locomotion task in response to acoustic stimulation proving the concept of multichannel optogenetic hearing restoration in rodents.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Stratification of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Combinatorial Genetic, Stromal, and Immunologic Markers (2023)

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Investigation of shipping material and reticle storage environment to dark loss stability of chemically amplified resist (2005)

Excessive dark loss has been observed along the edge nearest the lid of aged chemically amplified resist blanks, which was traced to organic acid contamination evolving from the acrylic plastic lid of the shipping box. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of the shipping box lid material have proven useful in identifying that organic acid evolves from the plastic at 110°C. An alternative plastic shipping material offered by the supplier was tested with the same analysis technique and no organic acid was evolved during the test. To accelerate the aging effect, both lid materials were baked in an oven for 4 days, and no excessive dark loss was observed with the new shipping material. An evaluation with chemically amplified resist comparing storage in the original shipping materials at ambient conditions vs. storage in dry nitrogen demonstrate that nitrogen storage improves, but does not eliminate, the excessive dark loss from the original plastic lid material.
Nithiazide II. Effect on Enterohepatitis in Turkeys (1956)

1. The data presented show that nithiazide [1-ethyl-3-(5-nitro-2-thi-azolyl) urea | was more potent and less toxic than 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole when fed to turkeys with enterohepatitis. 2. Nithiazide was most effective when administered prior to infection or beginning 3 to 7 days after infection. It prevented mortality from enterohepatitis produced either by oral exposure to cecal worm eggs or by rectal inoculation of Histomonas meleagridis cultures. Nithiazide may be administered in the feed or water and is equally effective in either form. 3. The therapeutic feeding of rations containing 0.05% nithiazide, starting 3 days after infection, prevented mortality from infectious enterohepatitis which was lethal for 73% to 83% of the untreated control turkeys.
Fragmentation of Genomic DNA using Microwave Irradiation (2013)

An unconventional approach for DNA fragmentation was investigated to explore its feasibility as an alternative to the existing DNA fragmentation techniques for next-generation DNA sequencing application. Current methods are based on strong-force liquid shearing or specialized enzymatic treatments. There are shortcomings for these platforms yet to be addressed, including aerosolization of genomic materials, which may result in the cross-contamination and biohazards; the difficulty in multiplexing; and the potential sequence biases. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the microwave irradiation as a simple, unbiased, and easy-to-multiplex way to fragment genomic DNA randomly. In addition, heating DNA at high temperature was attempted for the same purpose and for comparison. Adaptive focused acoustic sonication was used as the control. The yield and functionality for the DNA fragments and DNA fragment libraries were analyzed to assess the feasibility and use of the proposed approach. Both microwave irradiation and thermal heating can fragment genomic DNA to the size ranges suitable for next-generation sequencing (NGS) shotgun library preparation. However, both treatments caused severe reduction in PCR amplification efficiency, which led to low production in emulsion PCR (emPCR). The result was improved by amplification prior to emPCR. Further improvements, such as DNA strand repairing, are needed for the method to be applied practically in NGS.
Microstructure of nanoscratched semiconductors (2011)

The crystal defect structure of InP following scratches with an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The (100) surface of InP single crystals were scratched along <100> and <110> directions with an AFM diamond tip under applied normal forces ranging from 7 to 120 μN. For a given applied force, deeper plastic flow has been observed in the <110> case than in the <100> case. Under increasing applied forces, plastic flow was first observed at 15 μN for <110>, and at 30 μN for <100>. The crystal deformation during a scratch event has been observed to consist of three stages: (a) surface conformation to the shape of the AFM tip during the early stages of the process, and it is associated with slip at the nanoscale with the formation of an inverted triangular region with high dislocation density; followed by (b), a sudden displacement (pop-in) that signals the beginning of downward slip at the bulk scale; and (c), for sufficiently large forces, recovery of the bulk elastic strain by upward slip (pop-up). The <110> scratch direction is aligned along the {111} slip planes, and yields at lower applied forces than in the <100> case. Dislocations introduced by scratching are mostly screw type, as determined by series of g.b analysis.
Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants (2000)

Despite the recognition of H(2)O(2) as a central signaling molecule in stress and wounding responses, pathogen defense, and regulation of cell cycle and cell death, little is known about how the H(2)O(2) signal is perceived and transduced in plant cells. We report here that H(2)O(2) is a potent activator of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in Arabidopsis leaf cells. Using epitope tagging and a protoplast transient expression assay, we show that H(2)O(2) can activate a specific Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, ANP1, which initiates a phosphorylation cascade involving two stress MAPKs, AtMPK3 and AtMPK6. Constitutively active ANP1 mimics the H(2)O(2) effect and initiates the MAPK cascade that induces specific stress-responsive genes, but it blocks the action of auxin, a plant mitogen and growth hormone. The latter observation provides a molecular link between oxidative stress and auxin signal transduction. Finally, we show that transgenic tobacco plants that express a constitutively active tobacco ANP1 orthologue, NPK1, display enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stress conditions without activating previously described drought, cold, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. Thus, manipulation of key regulators of an oxidative stress signaling pathway, such as ANP1/NPK1, provides a strategy for engineering multiple stress tolerance that may greatly benefit agriculture.
Simple Measurement System for Indoor Power flow Distributions using Voltmeters at Electrical Outlet (2013)

In order to monitor and manage the electric power consumption and distribution in a building or a house dispersedly implemented digital power meters are utilized, while the meters are very costly due to the complicated numerical operation or due to the multi-functionality such as measurements of reactive power, power factor, integrating power and so on. Therefore a simple combination of current transformer (CT) and potential transformer (PT) with post processing of collected data is used for energy usage diagnosis process. However, as long as the power lines are usually behind the walls the CT installation is not easy. In this paper a set of voltmeters dispersedly installed at power outlets is proposed as a monitoring system for power distribution to each outlet. Experimental results show the advantage of the proposed scheme in the sense that it does not disturb the usage of electric appliances and that the system configuration is simple. The proposed system was applied to the monitoring system for avoiding overload conditions or power losses.
Coronary artery disease risk and lipidomic profiles are similar in familial and population-ascertained hyperlipidemias (2018)

Abstract Aims : To characterize and compare coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and detailed lipidomic profiles of individuals with familial and population-ascertained hyperlipidemias. Methods and Results : We determined incident CAD risk for 760 members of 66 hyperlipidemic families (≥ 2 first degree relatives with the same hyperlipidemia) and 19,644 Finnish FINRISK population study participants. We also quantified 151 lipid species in plasma or serum samples from 550 members of 73 hyperlipidemic pedigrees and 897 FINRISK participants using a mass spectrometric shotgun lipidomics platform. Hyperlipidemias (LDL-C or triacylglycerides over 90 th population percentile) were associated with increased CAD risk (high LDL-C: HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.48–2.04; high triacylglycerides: HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.74) and the risk estimates were very similar between the family and population samples. High LDL-C was associated with altered levels of 105 lipid species in families (p-value range 0.033–7.3*10 −20 at 5% false discovery rate) and 51 species in the population samples (p-value range 0.017–6.8*10 −21 ). Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with altered levels of 117 lipid species in families (p-value range 0.035–1.8*10 −49 ) and 119 species in the population sample (p-value range 0.038–2.3*10 −56 ). The lipidomics profiles of hyperlipidemias were highly similar in families and population samples. Conclusion : We identified distinct lipidomic profiles associated with high LDL-C and triacylglyceride levels. CAD risk, lipidomic profiles and genetic profiles are highly similar between familial and population-ascertained hyperlipidemias, providing evidence of similar and overlapping underlying mechanisms. Our results do not support different screening and treatment for such hyperlipidemias.
Electron localisation and interaction effects in quasi-two-dimensional Mg films (1986)

The authors report measurements of resistance as a function of magnetic field and temperature in quasi-two-dimensional Mg films condensed at room temperature. The anomalous contributions due to weak localisation and interaction effects have been separated and consistency was found between the temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the resistance. The spin-orbit scattering time tau so depends on the film structure and preparation conditions, the inelastic lifetime tau i(T) is compared with the values predicted by the theoretical models for the disorder-enhanced electron-electron theoretical scattering.
Research on the Correction Method of the Capillary End Effect of the Relative Permeability Curve of the Steady State (2021)

Relative permeability curve is a key factor in describing the characteristics of multiphase flow in porous media. The steady-state method is an effective method to measure the relative permeability curve of oil and water. The capillary discontinuity at the end of the samples will cause the capillary end effect. The capillary end effect (CEE) affects the flow and retention of the fluid. If the experimental design and data interpretation fail to eliminate the impact of capillary end effects, the relative permeability curve may be wrong. This paper proposes a new stability factor method, which can quickly and accurately correct the relative permeability measured by the steady-state method. This method requires two steady-state experiments at the same proportion of injected liquid (wetting phase and non-wetting phase), and two groups of flow rates and pressure drop data are obtained. The pressure drop is corrected according to the new relationship between the pressure drop and the core length. This new relationship is summarized as a stability factor. Then the true relative permeability curve that is not affected by the capillary end effect can be obtained. The validity of the proposed method is verified against a wide range of experimental results. The results emphasize that the proposed method is effective, reliable, and accurate. The operation steps of the proposed method are simple and easy to apply.
Retraction: Characterization of Phosphoglycerate Kinase-1 Expression of Stromal Cells Derived from Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer Progression (2022)

This article (1) has been retracted at the request of the authors. In Fig. 2A, a portion of the image showing α-SMA expression in CAFs was also used in Fig. 4A showing α-SMA expression in CAFControl. In addition, in Fig. 6B, portions of the p-p44/p42 Western blot were spliced together from separate blots, and lanes 3 to 4 were duplicated with lanes 5 to 6 in the p-AKT (473) Western blot. The authors apologize to the scientific community and deeply regret any inconveniences or challenges resulting from the publication and subsequent retraction of this article.A copy of this Retraction Notice was sent to the last known email addresses for 6 of the 6 authors. Three authors (J. Zhu, K.J. Pienta, R.S. Taichman) agreed to the retraction; 3 authors did not respond.
SAR imagery by RotoSAR (2015)

In this paper a rotating antenna GB-SAR, that we named RotoSAR, is proposed and tested. The radar head is fixed at a rotating arm and the antennas are aimed in direction orthogonal to the rotation plane. Potential and limits of this configuration is studied, with simulations and in-field measurements, with particular regard to imagery performances.
Polymer–Silicon Flexible Structures for Fast Chemical Vapor Detection (2007)

Stimuli-responsive microactuators controlled by the interfacial stress across the polymer/silicon interface are introduced as simple, miniature, and flexible sensing platforms for chemical vapor detection. The sensors detect water vapor with sensitivities of ± 10 parts per billion (±0.00005% relative humidity) and faster than previously recorded response times. These characteristics make the bimaterial silicon cantilevers excellent candidates for critical security and defense needs as well as for environmental monitoring. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1419_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Evaluation of lapatinib (Lap) plus capecitabine (Cap) in patients with brain metastases (BM) from HER2+ breast cancer (BC) enrolled in the Lapatinib Expanded Access Program (LEAP) and French Authorisation Temporaire d'Utilisation (ATU) (2008)

1094 Background: Lap has single agent activity against BM in patients (pts) with HER2+ (ErbB2+) BC. Lap + Cap increases response rate, time to progression, and progression-free survival when compared with Cap alone in pts with refractory HER2+ BC. An exploratory analysis of the latter study (EGF100151) showed fewer pts on Lap + Cap developed BM at first relapse compared with Cap alone. The LEAP and ATU were designed to provide access to Lap before commercial availability and were initiated after EGF100151 enrollment was halted. Eligibility requirements for these programs were similar to EGF100151, i.e., pts had disease progression following prior taxane, anthracycline, and trastuzumab therapy. Although data were not formally collected via case report forms, we surveyed LEAP and ATU sites to ascertain the percent of pts with progressive BM at entry and response to Lap + Cap. Methods: LEAP/ATU sites that enrolled 15 or more pts were queried to provide data via worksheets or narratives regarding progressive BM upon entry, presence of tumor-related neurological signs and symptoms (NSS), steroid use, prior Cap exposure, and improvements in NSS and CNS response. Results: 58 sites (48 LEAP and 10 ATU sites) were surveyed. 138 of 1189 (12%) pts presented with progressive BM at entry. Unconfirmed CNS response to Lap + Cap in the 138 pts were as follows: complete response (CR) 3 (2%), partial response (PR) 22 (16%), stable disease (SD) 65 (47%), progressive disease (PD) 19 (14%), unknown 29 (21%). 42% of pts with progressive BM at entry received Cap before LEAP or ATU; 36% of pts with CR or PR in the CNS received prior Cap. Investigators reported improvement in NSS in 25% of pts with BM. Conclusions: Exploratory data from the LEAP and ATU programs have clear limitations, however, they suggest that Lap + Cap provides clinical benefit to pts with progressive BM from HER2+ BC. Prospective studies evaluating lap + chemotherapy in this pt population are ongoing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline
Cross-Lingual Abstract Meaning Representation Parsing (2018)

Marco Damonte, Shay B. Cohen. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.