gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of minimal erythema dose with a reflectance melanin meter. (1997)

The relationship between skin pigmentation and sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced erythema was investigated in 60 healthy subjects of sun-reactive skin types I-V. Using a portable reflectance spectrometer, skin pigmentation was measured as the 'melanin index' (MI) in all subjects. A solar-simulated array of filtered UVA and UVB-emitting fluorescent lamps was then used to determine the UVB minimal erythema dose (MED) of each subject. MI readings and MED testing were both performed on the subjects' mid to upper backs. Using this technique, we found a close correlation between MI and MED. Comparison of the mean MI or MED of subjects with different skin types revealed progressive differences in MI and MED between all five skin types. Erythema dose-response curves, which provide further information about UV sensitivity, were also calculated for 43 subjects. A significant negative correlation was found between the gradients of these curves and both MI and MED, indicating that paler subjects respond more strongly to increments of UV above the MED than subjects with greater pigmentation. Our results indicate that although traditional, subjective means of predicting UV sensitivity to erythema are not without some value, MED correlates particularly strongly with objective measures of skin pigmentation. We therefore conclude that the reflectance spectrometer can rapidly and accurately predict UVB sensitivity, and should prove clinically useful for planning and optimizing UVB phototherapy.
Energy Saving Strategies for Mobile Devices using Wake-up Signals (2008)

Voice-over-IP (VoIP) has rapidly gained popularity in the last years, especially on smartphones platforms. In fact, WLAN chip-sets are becoming more common on smartphones, allowing users to use VoIP services from their mobile devices. On the other hand, the excessive energy consumption of the WLAN c
Kinetics of T lymphocyte subsets and B lymphocytes in response to immunostimulants in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): implications for CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation (2020)

CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes play crucial roles in the adaptive immune system. CD4, as the most effective marker to delineate the T-helper subsets, was identified in many fish species. Two CD4 homologs, CD4-1 and CD4-2, have been reported in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD4-1 and CD4-2 of flounder were produced, CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes were isolated and identified, and the variations in CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes and IgM<sup>+</sup> B lymphocytes after Poly I:C, PMA or β-glucan stimulation were investigated. Then, the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in sorted CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes was analyzed. The results showed that the mAbs were specific to flounder CD4-1<sup>+</sup> and CD4-2<sup>+</sup> T cells. CD4-1<sup>+</sup> and CD4-2<sup>+</sup> cells responded to all three stimulants, while CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes only give a strong response to Poly I:C, and the percentages of IgM<sup>+</sup> B lymphocytes showed a tendency to increase. After stimulation, the expression of transcription factors and cytokines of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells varied in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. These results will provide crucial foundations for the differentiation and function of teleost CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes.
Superior Sagittal Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presented by External Ophthalmoplegia: A Case Report (2022)

硬膜動静脈瘻（dural arteriovenous fistula：dAVF）は形成部位によって特徴的な症状がみられるが，今回海綿静脈洞部（cavernous sinus：CS）dAVFと類似の症状を呈したまれな例である上矢状静脈洞部（superior sagittal sinus：SSS）dAVFを経験したため報告する．
DIALYZABLE POISONS: IN VITRO EFFICACY OF A MODIFIED SKEGGS-LEONARDS HEMODIALYZER WITH A COMPARISON TO CLINICAL RESULTS. (1964)

Abstract The in vitro efficacy of the modified Skeggs-Leonards dialyzer in dialysis of methanol, ethanol, diethyl- and allyl-isopropylbarbituric acid, and bromide has been examined. The experimental results are compared to our clinical results previously published. The in vitro efficacy of the Skeggs-Leonards dialyzer in dialysis of the toxic compounds studied was found to be comparable to in vivo dialyzability of the same substances. From analysis of the clinical results obtained by treatment of poisonings with the above-mentioned toxic substances, it is concluded that important disequilibrium between intra-and extracellular fluid compartments is not induced by efficacious hemodialysis. Besides providing data for comparison of the efficacy of various dialyzers, studies of in vitro dialyzability seem valuable for the evaluation of indications of hemodialysis in treatment of acute poisonings.
Particle-in-cell charged-particle simulations, plus Monte Carlo collisions with neutral atoms, PIC-MCC (1991)

Many-particle charged-particle plasma simulations using spatial meshes for the electromagnetic field solutions, particle-in-cell (PIC) merged with Monte Carlo collision (MCC) calculations, are coming into wide use for application to partially ionized gases. The author emphasizes the development of PIC computer experiments since the 1950s starting with one-dimensional (1-D) charged-sheet models, the addition of the mesh, and fast direct Poisson equation solvers for 2-D and 3-D. Details are provided for adding the collisions between the charged particles and neutral atoms. The result is many-particle simulations with many of the features met in low-temperature collision plasmas; for example, with applications to plasma-assisted materials processing, but also related to warmer plasmas at the edges of magnetized fusion plasmas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LIFE Tritium Processing: A Sustainable Solution for Closing the Fusion Fuel Cycle (2013)

AbstractThe Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) power plant is being designed to deliver a transformative source of safe, secure, sustainable electricity, in a time scale that is consistent with the global energy market needs. The LIFE market entry plant will demonstrate the feasibility of a closed fusion fuel cycle, including tritium breeding, extraction, processing, re-fueling, accountability and safety, in a steady-state power-producing device. While many fusion plant designs require large quantities of tritium for startup and operations, a range of design choices made for the LIFE fuel cycle act to reduce the inprocess tritium inventory. The high fractional burn-up (~30%) in an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) capsule relaxes the tritium breeding requirements, while the use of only milligram quantities of fuel per shot and choice of a pure lithium heat transfer fluid substantially reduce the amount of material entrained in the facility. Additionally, the high solubility of tritium in the lithium breeder is expected to mitigate the need for development of permeation barriers in the engine systems, normally required to control routine releases within the allowable regulatory limits.The present paper offers an overview of the design of the LIFE fuel cycle, including a summary of the technology development plan consistent with the delivery schedule of the LIFE market entry plant.
Wireless display: An unmet need in CE ecosystem (2011)

The trend nowadays is for the consumers to be able to view their multimedia content on a bigger/better display like HDTV instead of gathering around small displays like a laptop screen. Wireless Display is a method of transferring the multimedia content from the source device to the sink device- wirelessly. In this paper we evaluate the various wireless technologies available for Wireless Display function and narrow down on Wi-Fi as the most suitable wireless technology. We identify key technical challenges for a Wi-Fi based Wireless Display and provide insights in to some possible solutions to the identified challenges.
Microbial Roles in Dissolved Organic Matter Transformation in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Processes Revealed by Reactomics and Comparative Genomics (2021)

Understanding the degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is vital for optimizing DOM control. However, the microbe-mediated DOM transformation during wastewater treatment remains poorly characterized. Here, microbes and DOM along full-scale biotreatment processes were simultaneously characterized using comparative genomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based reactomics. Biotreatments significantly increased DOM's aromaticity and unsaturation due to the overproduced lignin and polyphenol analogs. DOM was diversified by over five times in richness, with thousands of nitrogenous and sulfur-containing compounds generated through microbe-mediated oxidoreduction, functional group transfer, and C-N and C-S bond formation. Network analysis demonstrated microbial division of labor in DOM transformation. However, their roles were determined by their functional traits rather than taxa. Specifically, network and module hubs exhibited rapid growth potentials and broad substrate affinities but were deficient in xenobiotics-metabolism-associated genes. They were mainly correlated to liable DOM consumption and its transformation to recalcitrant compounds. In contrast, connectors and peripherals were potential degraders of recalcitrant DOM but slow in growth. They showed specialized associations with fewer DOM molecules and probably fed on metabolites of hub microbes. Thus, developing technologies (e.g., carriers) to selectively enrich peripheral degraders and consequently decouple the liable and recalcitrant DOM transformation processes may advance DOM removal.
The effectiveness of the Success for All reading programme on primary EAL pupils in Hong Kong (2009)

The Success for All Foundation’s Alphie’s lagoon® phonics and reading programme is a research‐based reform model developed by Robert Slavin and Nancy Madden at Johns Hopkins University. Results from research conducted by the Success for All (SFA) programme developers and external evaluators have shown the SFA programme to be effective in enhancing the reading achievement of both native and non‐native English‐speaking pupils in the USA. This project investigated whether the beneficial result of SFA in the USA could be replicated with Chinese primary‐school pupils in Hong Kong who are learning English. This one‐year matched control study showed that after a year of participating in the SFA programme, pupils from the treatment group improved in their English language skills, with particularly higher scores for the Word Attack test, as compared with pupils from the control group. The outcomes of the study provided potentially promising corroborative evidence of the effect of the SFA programme on Chinese primary pupils in Hong Kong, especially on the enhancement of English language reading skills to support early success in the formative years of learning English.
Violation of Leggett inequalities in orbital angular momentum subspaces (2010)

We report an experimental test of Leggett's non-local hidden variable theory in an orbital angular momentum (OAM) state space of light. We show that the correlations we observe are in conflict with Leggett's model, thus excluding a particular class of non-local hidden variable theories for the first time in a non-polarization state space. It is known that the violation of the Leggett inequality becomes stronger as more detection settings are used. The required measurements become feasible in an OAM subspace, and we demonstrate this by testing the inequality using three and four settings. We observe excellent agreement with quantum predictions and a violation of five and six standard deviations, respectively, compared to Leggett's non-local hidden variable theory.
The calcium-sensing receptor is required for normal calcium homeostasis independent of parathyroid hormone (2003)

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR; alternate gene names, CaR or Casr) is a membrane-spanning G protein–coupled receptor. CaR is highly expressed in the parathyroid gland, and is activated by extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)(o)). Mice homozygous for null mutations in the CaR gene (CaR(–/–)) die shortly after birth because of the effects of severe hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. A wide variety of functions have been attributed to CaR. However, the lethal CaR-deficient phenotype has made it difficult to dissect the direct effect of CaR deficiency from the secondary effects of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. We therefore generated parathyroid hormone–deficient (PTH-deficient) CaR(–/–) mice (Pth(–/–)CaR(–/–)) by intercrossing mice heterozygous for the null CaR allele with mice heterozygous for a null Pth allele. We show that genetic ablation of PTH is sufficient to rescue the lethal CaR(–/–) phenotype. Pth(–/–)CaR(–/–) mice survive to adulthood with no obvious difference in size or appearance relative to control Pth(–/–) littermates. Histologic examination of most organs did not reveal abnormalities. These Pth(–/–)CaR(–/–) mice exhibit a much wider range of values for serum calcium and renal excretion of calcium than we observe in control littermates, despite the absence of any circulating PTH. Thus, CaR is necessary for the fine regulation of serum calcium levels and renal calcium excretion independent of its effect on PTH secretion.
Mutagenesis by Retroviral Insertion in Chemical Mutagen-Generated Quasi-Haploid Mammalian Cells (2007)

Diploidy is a major obstacle to the mutagenic analysis of function in cultured mammalian cells. Here, we show that 6-8 rounds of chemical mutagenesis generates quasi-haploid cells that can be used as targets for insertional mutagenesis using a specially designed retroviral vector that permits rapid identification of disrupted genes in each cell that bears a phenotype of interest. The utility of combined chemical and insertional mutagenesis is illustrated by the identification of novel host genes that are required for macrophage sensitivity to anthrax lethal factor.
Intracellular Folding of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (1995)

The addition of N-linked core oligosaccharides to membrane and secretory glycoproteins occurs co-translationally at asparagine residues in the tripeptide sequon Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr soon after translocation of the nascent polypeptide into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the presence of the sequon does not automatically ensure core glycosylation, as many proteins contain sequons that remain either unglycosylated or glycosylated to a variable extent. To investigate whether intracellular protein folding can influence sequon utilization, we have expressed tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in cell culture in the presence of mild concentrations of the reducing agent dithiothreitol to prevent co-translational disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. We show that conditions that prevent disulfide bond formation lead to complete glycosylation of a sequon that otherwise undergoes variable glycosylation in untreated cells. This demonstrated that folding and disulfide bond formation of t-PA determines its extent of core N-linked glycosylation. When dithiothreitol was removed from the cells, the reduced and overglycosylated t-PA formed disulfide bonds, folded, and was secreted. We also show t-PA present within cells is more susceptible to reduction with low concentrations of dithiothreitol than secreted t-PA.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule: An Anchor to Isolate Clinically Relevant Circulating Tumor Cells (2020)

In the last few decades, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has received increased attention as the main membrane marker used in many enrichment technologies to isolate circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Although there has been a great deal of progress in the implementation of EpCAM-based CTC detection technologies in medical settings, several issues continue to limit their clinical utility. The biology of EpCAM and its role are not completely understood but evidence suggests that the expression of this epithelial cell-surface protein is crucial for metastasis-competent CTCs and may not be lost completely during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In this review, we summarize the most significant advantages and disadvantages of using EpCAM as a marker for CTC enrichment and its potential biological role in the metastatic cascade.
Semantic subtyping with an SMT solver (2012)

Abstract We study a first-order functional language with the novel combination of the ideas of refinement type (the subset of a type to satisfy a Boolean expression) and type-test (a Boolean expression testing whether a value belongs to a type). Our core calculus can express a rich variety of typing idioms; for example, intersection, union, negation, singleton, nullable, variant, and algebraic types are all derivable. We formulate a semantics in which expressions denote terms, and types are interpreted as first-order logic formulas. Subtyping is defined as valid implication between the semantics of types. The formulas are interpreted in a specific model that we axiomatize using standard first-order theories. On this basis, we present a novel type-checking algorithm able to eliminate many dynamic tests and to detect many errors statically. The key idea is to rely on a Satisfiability Modulo Theories solver to compute subtyping efficiently. Moreover, using a satisfiability modulo theories solver allows us to show the uniqueness of normal forms for non-deterministic expressions, provide precise counterexamples when type-checking fails, detect empty types, and compute instances of types statically and at run-time.
Microbiota intestinal y enfermedad celíaca (2013)

Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune process, which appears in genetically predisposed individuals. It consists of a permanent intolerance to gluten in the flour content of certain cereals, mainly wheat, but also rye, barley and oats. This disease affects 1-2% of the general population and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases of genetic basis. The disease presents in diverse forms, being digestive symptoms the more common, but extra-intestinal symptoms are also quite frequent. The diagnosis is based on the presence of related intestinal involvement or any organ or system associated symptoms, as well as serologic, genetic markers, intestinal biopsy findings and response to gluten-free diet. Its approach is multidisciplinary and may involve pediatricians, adult gastroenterologists, internists and general practitioners, hematologists, immunologists, geneticists, pathologists, hepatologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, neurologists, gynecologists, neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, rehabilitation specialists, endocrinologists and nutritionists... This makes it possible to write a book on this old little known and clearly underdiagnosed disease.
Supplementary Data File S3 from Metastatic Conditioning of Myeloid Cells at a Subcutaneous Synthetic Niche Reflects Disease Progression and Predicts Therapeutic Outcomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Annotated Matlab output for OpenArray{trade mark, serif} and CFX gene expression analysis and signature development via singular value decomposition and bagged decision tree ensemble including raw figures from manuscript to correlate with associated code.&lt;/p&gt;
Accelerateci testing — How fast is too fast? (2014)

Due to practical test-time constraints for accelerated testing, one is encouraged to perform accelerated testing as rapidly as possible. However, for accelerated testing — how fast is too fast? The purpose of accelerated testing is to accelerate the normal device/material degradation process, without changing the normal degradation physics. This means that the time-to-failure kinetics (activation energy and stress dependence) should not change as the temperature and/or stress-level is elevated. The temperature should not be so great that higher activation-energy degradation mechanisms are introduced during the accelerated test but which would be missing (frozen out) under normal use conditions. As for the magnitude of the accelerating stress (electrical, mechanical, chemical), the stress level should not be so great that the stress dependence changes and/or the activation energy changes as the stress level is increased. During this presentation, we will discuss several important semiconductor device failure mechanisms (electromigration, stress migration, time-dependent dielectric breakdown, bias temperature instability, hot-carrier injection) and discuss the acceptable accelerated testing limits for the accelerated testing of such mechanisms. If the limits on the accelerated testing are too restrictive and must be exceeded, then the conventional time-to-failure models must be modified so as to account for changes in kinetics that can occur. A methodology for time-to-failure model modification, under extreme acceleration conditions, will be presented. It may be possible to use extreme acceleration conditions, provided that certain cautions are used when extrapolating the time-to-failure results from device/material stress-conditions to normal device/material use-conditions.
Protecting Privacy Using k-Anonymity (2008)

Abstract Objective: There is increasing pressure to share health information and even make it publicly available. However, such disclosures of personal health information raise serious privacy concerns. To alleviate such concerns, it is possible to anonymize the data before disclosure. One popular anonymization approach is k-anonymity. There have been no evaluations of the actual re-identification probability of k-anonymized data sets. Design: Through a simulation, we evaluated the re-identification risk of k-anonymization and three different improvements on three large data sets. Measurement: Re-identification probability is measured under two different re-identification scenarios. Information loss is measured by the commonly used discernability metric. Results: For one of the re-identification scenarios, k-Anonymity consistently over-anonymizes data sets, with this over-anonymization being most pronounced with small sampling fractions. Over-anonymization results in excessive distortions to the data (i.e., high information loss), making the data less useful for subsequent analysis. We found that a hypothesis testing approach provided the best control over re-identification risk and reduces the extent of information loss compared to baseline k-anonymity. Conclusion: Guidelines are provided on when to use the hypothesis testing approach instead of baseline k-anonymity.
An online application to measue the dispersion function in AGS (2013)

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Stromal Activation and Formation of Lymphoid-Like Stroma in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (2011)

Lymphoid neogenesis associated with CLAD accompanies activation of stromal resident cells and formation of lymphoid-like stroma. Induction of PNAd+ HEV-like vessels occurs before the manifestation of CLAD.
A Rigorous Analysis of a TM010 Mode Cylindrical Cavity to Measure Accurate Complex Permittivity of Liquid (2003)

A rigorous analysis for a TM010 mode cylindrical cavity with insertion holes is presented on the basis of the Ritz-Galerkin method to realize accurate measurements of the complex permittivity of liquid. The effects of sample insertion holes, a dielectric tube, and air-gaps between a dielectric tube and sample insertion holes are taken into account in this analysis. The validity of this method is verified from measured results of some kinds of liquid.