gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling and Analysis for High-Efficiency Carrier-Depletion Silicon Rib-Waveguide Phase Shifters (2016)

In this paper, we report the efficiency and loss performance of a depletion silicon rib phase shifter with an overlayer of 220 nm and doping concentration of 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">–3</sup> for both p and n regions. A <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\rm{V}}_{\rm pi}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 3.6 V and a loss of 5.2 dB, 4-mm device is reported. We identified a range of doping concentrations that allow the phase shifter to operate at <6 V and <5-dB loss. Junction placement variances suggested that with the reduced p dopant concentration (2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">–3</sup> ), better loss and phase performance can be achieved with a larger p-type region and smaller n-type region.
Regional haemodynamic effects of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in conscious rats (2004)

1. The observation that the immunosuppressants, cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus, have pressor effects, but sirolimus does not, has led to an hypothesis that generalised sympathoexcitation, resulting from inhibition of calcineurin by CsA and tacrolimus underlies their pressor effects, because sirolimus does not inhibit calcineurin. It is unknown if sirolimus has haemodynamic actions not accompanied by a pressor effect, and whether or not the pressor effects of CsA and tacrolimus are accompanied by similar haemodynamic changes. Therefore, the first aim of our studies was to investigate these possibilities in conscious, chronically-instrumented, male, Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. CsA (5.9 mg kg(-1) bolus i.v.) caused rapid-onset, prolonged hypertension, tachycardia and mesenteric vasoconstriction. There was a slower onset renal vasoconstriction, but no significant change in hindquarters vascular conductance; all the effects of CsA were significantly greater than those of vehicle. CsA given by infusion (over 30 min or 2 h) caused changes qualitatively similar to those above. Repeated administration of CsA over 4 days did not enhance its cardiovascular effects. 3. Pretreatment with the angiotensin (AT(1)) receptor antagonist, losartan, and the endothelin (ET(A) and ET(B)) receptor antagonist, SB 209670, reduced the pressor and mesenteric vasoconstrictor effects of CsA. Additional administration of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, completely inhibited the cardiovascular effects of CsA. 4. Tacrolimus (450 microg kg(-1) bolus i.v.) caused similar peak pressor and tachycardic effects to CsA, but these were much slower in onset, and were maximal when there were no significant regional vasoconstrictions, indicating that the pressor effect was probably due to a rise in cardiac output. However, although propranolol reversed the tachycardic effect of tacrolimus, it did not influence the pressor response. 5. Sirolimus (450 microg kg(-1) bolus i.v.) had no tachycardic action, and only a modest, transient pressor effect, accompanied by equally brief reductions in renal, mesenteric, and hindquarters vascular conductances. 6. The differences between the regional haemodynamic profiles of equipressor doses of CsA and tacrolimus, and the finding that sirolimus has significant cardiovascular actions, indicate that generalised sympathoexcitation, resulting from calcineurin inhibition (with CsA and tacrolimus), is unlikely to be the sole explanation of their pressor effects.
Curative and protective activity in rabbits after reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni: a new model of immunity? (1989)

New Zealand rabbits were infected on day 1 and challenged on days 15, 30, and 60 with 1,000 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae/animal/infection. Challenged and control rabbits were perfused 60 days after each infection, corresponding to days 75, 90, and 120 after the first exposure. No decrease in number of adult schistosomes occurred in animals reinfected 15 days after primary infection, but, when the rabbits were challenged 30 and 60 days after the first infection, worm burden reduction of 61.4% and 92.6%, respectively, was observed as compared to infection controls. These data indicate that rabbits submitted to reinfection are able to kill the worms from their primary infection, besides being protected against challenge parasites.
Streamlining Molecular Pathobiology of Malignant Melanoma (2016)

Currently, regular histopathology and immunohistochemistry are commonly taken for granted in the diagnosis of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM). In addition, attempts at molecular diagnosis in dermatopathology have benefited from advances in pathobiology genomics and proteomics. They provide utmost information for optimal patient care. Sensitive techniques detect specific DNA and RNA sequences, and molecular methods were refined in the field of polypeptides. This review aims at covering on an overall glance about molecular genetics available as diagnostic supports in CMM. Laboratory methods have disclosed and highlighted some pathogenic pathways of atypical melanocytic neoplasms with particular emphasis on the activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway (including BRAF and KIT) during the initiation step of the neoplasms. Many familial CMM contain mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p16 or CDKN2A. In addition, mutations in p53 are found in distinct CMM types. Many CMM are likely related to a variety of common low penetrance genes. Molecular dermatopathology represents a promising tool for both research and diagnosis. Knowledge of tumor mutation status is becoming increasingly important. The expected benefit of molecular dermatopathology tends to ultimately improve the targeted patient management. Such method evolution points to a need for improving the routine training requirements for dermatopathologists involved in cancer diagnostic responsibilities.
MAGNET CONSOLE DESIGN OF AN NMR-BASED SENSOR TO DETECT RIPENESS OF FRUIT (1990)

ABSTRACT The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) principles is a possibility to nondestructively measure sugar (or sucrose) content in fruit. The magnet console for an NMR-based sensor to detect fruit ripeness (or sweetness) was designed through an interactive graphics simulation with a two-dimensional finite element model (FEM). A permanent magnet was used as the magnetic source because of its lower cost. The simulated finite element magnetic fields were verified by comparison with magnetic fields measured in an experimental magnet console. The agreement between predictions and measurements was good with an error of 4.7%. Pole surface plates and shimming frames were used to improve the homogeneity of the magnetic fields around the air gap center where the fruit would be located.system performed reliably at a sustained harvesting rate of approximately 1.4 ha/day (3.4 acre/day), while indicating that a rate of 2 ha/day (5 acre/day) should be easily achievable. The system is operated by two workers and reduces conventional labor requirement by approximately 80-85%.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of p‐Toluenesulfinic Acid with Dialkoxy or Diamino Sulfides and Disulfides. (1986)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Toluolsulfinsäure (III) mit Dialkoxysul?den (Ia) und ‐disulfiden (Ib) sowie mit Diaminosul?den (IVa) und ‐disulfiden (IVb) führt zu den Tosylsul?den und ‐disulfiden (II) bzw. (V).
Colonization dynamics of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in the infantile colonic microbiota (2008)

The results suggest that ampicillin-resistant E. coli strains are not hampered in their colonizing capacity, and beta-lactamase genes, therefore, may only slowly be eliminated from the commensal E. coli strain pool.
Low-Noise and Wide-Dynamic-Range Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers with Automatic Level Control for WDM Transmission Systems (1996)

We demonstrate an EDFA with automatic level control by a newly-developed variable optical attenuator. The output levels of four channels are controlled within 7.5 to 8.1 dBm against input power variation of 10 dB, and low noise figures of 6.9 to 7.2 dB are obtained.
Implementation of the PsoWell™ Model for the Management of People with Complex Psoriasis (2021)

The Psoriasis and Well-being (PsoWell)™ training programme, incorporating motivational interviewing, improves clinicians' knowledge and skills to manage complex psoriasis, including behaviour change. The aims of this study were to deliver the PsoWell™ training programme to dermatology specialists, and to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of implementing the PsoWell™ model across dermatology services. Framework analysis of 19 qualitative semi-structured interviews was performed, following delivery of nine, 1-day PsoWell™ training days involving 119 participants. Two themes were identified: "Perceptions and Priorities" and "Awareness", sub-divided into: "Awareness Not Competence" and "Increasing Awareness". The PsoWell™ model was found to be acceptable and feasible to implement across dermatology settings. Participants were more skilled and motivated to address psycho-logical issues, including behaviour change, but wanted further training to ensure competency. The trainees claimed that scepticism among some colleagues regarding whole-patient management might prevent uptake. Data show-ing the impact on health outcomes are needed and might overcome scepticism. Remote consultation could adopt the PsoWell™ approach.
The Safety of Orthokeratology—A Systematic Review (2015)

There is sufficient evidence to suggest that OrthoK is a safe option for myopia correction and retardation. Long-term success of OrthoK treatment requires a combination of proper lens fitting, rigorous compliance to lens care regimen, good adherence to routine follow-ups, and timely treatment of complications.
Statistical Mechanics and Molecular Simulation of Adsorption in Microporous Materials:  Pillared Clays and Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes (2000)

We report the results of extensive equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of adsorption of single-component and binary gas mixtures in models of two classes of microporous materials, namely, pillared clays and carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs), both of which have been utilized for separation of gas mixtures. We develop a novel three-dimensional molecular pore network model for CMSMs based on Voronoi tessellation. The simulations allow us to investigate the effect of the morphology of the pore space, i.e., its pore size distribution and pore connectivity on the adsorption isotherms. The simulation results are also used to test the accuracy of a recently developed statistical mechanical theory of adsorption. The theory is shown to provide very accurate predictions for the simulation results for both classes of the microporous materials over a wide range of the porosity of the porous materials.
4.6 An 85%-efficiency fully integrated 15-ratio recursive switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with 0.1-to-2.2V output voltage range (2014)

The growing demand for both performance and battery life in portable consumer electronics requires SoCs and power management circuits to be small, efficient, and dynamically powerful. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) can help achieve these goals in load circuits, though generally at the expense of increased DC-DC converter size (through use of external inductors) or loss (through linear regulation). While switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters can offer conversion in small fully integrated form factors [1-5], their efficiencies are only high at discrete ratios between the input and output voltages. To increase an SC converter efficiency across its output voltage range, multiple conversion ratios can be utilized to realize a finer output voltage resolution. For instance, many converters employ a small handful of conversion ratios [1-4]. However, more conversion ratios are generally necessary to achieve high efficiency across the wide output range necessary for DVS, as converter efficiencies can otherwise fall by more than 20% between unloaded ratios [1-4]. Unfortunately, increasing the number of ratios beyond a small handful using standard topologies can significantly increase the number of components, escalating converter complexity and adding losses in the additional switching elements. To overcome this, a successive approximation (SAR) SC topology was proposed in [6] which cascades several 2:1 SC stages to provide a large number of conversion ratios with minimal hardware overhead. However, the linear cascading of stages introduces cascaded losses, limiting overall efficiency. For example, the minimum R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> is more than 30X R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> of a similar ratio Series-Parallel topology using the same silicon area. Additionally, current density is limited to that of a single stage, and capacitance utilization can be low for many conversion ratios.
A solution adaptive grid procedure for an upwind parabolized flow solver (1990)

A solution adaptive grid procedure based on an error equi-distribution scheme is developed and applied to a Parabolized Navier-Stokes solver. An improved method for selecting weighting functions is introduced which involves normalizing a combination of flowfield gradients and curvature of a number of dependent variables and then selecting the largest at each point. The scheme re-distributes grid points line-by-line, with grid point motion controlled by forces analogous to tensional and torsional spring forces with the spring constants set equal to the weighting functions. Torsional terms are functions of the grid point positions along neighboring grid lines and provide grid smoothness and stability. A grid-fitting scheme is introduced for external flows in which the number of grid points in the freestream are reduced to a minimum. Results for several problems are presented to demonstrate the improvements obtainable with the solution adaptive grid procedure.
Broadband silica-based optical waveguide coupler with asymmetric structure (1990)

Waveguide-type directional couplers with different waveguide widths in the coupling region are fabricated based on high silica on Si technologies. These asymmetric couplers show wavelength-flattened coupling ratios of 50% ± 5% over the 1.2 μm –1.6μm wavelength range.
Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease (2003)

Decreased tryptophan concentrations were found in a significant proportion of coronary heart disease patients and coincided with increased kyn trp-1 and also with increased neopterin concentrations, indicating an activated cellular immune response. We conclude that in coronary heart disease immune activation is associated with an increased rate of tryptophan degradation and thereby lowered tryptophan levels. Results may provide a basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of mood disturbances and depression in coronary heart disease patients.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Anion-Exchange Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Resins for Radionuclide Separation (1999)

Ordered mesoporous anion-exchange hybrid resin materials were prepared by hydrolysis synthesis using the micellar template approach. The prepared samples were characterized via infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The uptakes of anionic thorium nitrate complexes by the new resins in 8 N nitric acid solutions were determined. The thorium loading capacity of the hybrid mesoporous silica functionalized with N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-tri-n-butylammonium is greater than that of the hybrid mesoporous silica functionalized with N-trimethoxylsilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium. The mesoporous hybrid anion-exchange resins were shown to be much more selective than a popular organic commercial anion-exchange resin.
The SM protein Sly1 accelerates assembly of the ER–Golgi SNARE complex (2014)

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins constitute the core of an ancient vesicle fusion machine that diversified into distinct sets that now function in different trafficking steps in eukaryotic cells. Deciphering their precise mode of action has proved challenging. SM proteins are thought to act primarily through one type of SNARE protein, the syntaxins. Despite high structural similarity, however, contrasting binding modes have been found for different SM proteins and syntaxins. Whereas the secretory SM protein Munc18 binds to the ‟closed conformation" of syntaxin 1, the ER-Golgi SM protein Sly1 interacts only with the N-peptide of Sed5. Recent findings, however, indicate that SM proteins might interact simultaneously with both syntaxin regions. In search for a common mechanism, we now reinvestigated the Sly1/Sed5 interaction. We found that individual Sed5 adopts a tight closed conformation. Sly1 binds to both the closed conformation and the N-peptide of Sed5, suggesting that this is the original binding mode of SM proteins and syntaxins. In contrast to Munc18, however, Sly1 facilitates SNARE complex formation by loosening the closed conformation of Sed5.
Small sample performance of quantile regression confidence intervals (2011)

Abstract Since the introduction of regression quantiles for estimating conditional quantile functions there has been ongoing research into how best to construct confidence intervals for parameter estimates. The three main methods are direct estimation, rank test inversion and resampling methods. Kocherginsky et al. [Practical confidence intervals for regression quantiles, J. Comput. Graph. Statist. 14 (2005), pp. 41–55] gave an overview of some of the available procedures. Five years on, the aim of this paper is to revisit and extend their analysis, evaluating additional techniques with a focus on smaller sample sizes and more extreme conditional quantiles. In particular, we find the percentile bootstrap (pbs) to be an eminently viable alternative for confidence interval construction. We show that it provides empirical coverage probabilities generally as good as, or better than, the other more complex resampling methods. Furthermore, pbs confidence intervals typically exhibit smaller average lengths across a variety of models than those based on the rank inversion methods which, like the pbs, avoids explicitly estimating asymptotic variances. Keywords: quantile regressionconfidence intervalssimulation studybootstrap AMS Subject Classifications : 62J9962F4062F25
Quines are the Fittest Programs - Large Nesting Algorithmic Probability Converges to Constructors (2020)

In this article we explore the limiting behavior of the universal prior distribution obtained when applied over multiple meta-level hierarchy of programs and output data of a computational automata model. We were motivated to alleviate the effect of Solomonoff's assumption that all computable functions or hypotheses of the same length are equally likely, by weighing each program in turn by the algorithmic probability of their description number encoding. In the limiting case, the set of all possible program strings of a fixed-length converges to a distribution of self-replicating quines and quine-relays - having the structure of a constructor. We discuss how experimental algorithmic information theory provides insights towards understanding the fundamental metrics proposed in this work and reflect on the significance of these result in digital physics and the constructor theory of life.
Aqueous Sulfate Separation by Sequestration of [(SO4)2(H2O)4]4− Clusters within Highly Insoluble Imine‐Linked Bis‐Guanidinium Crystals (2015)

Selective crystallization of sulfate with a simple bis-guanidinium ligand, self-assembled in situ from terephthalaldehyde and aminoguanidinium chloride, was employed as an effective way to separate the highly hydrophilic sulfate anion from aqueous solutions. The resulting bis-iminoguanidinium sulfate salt has exceptionally low aqueous solubility (K<sub>sp</sub> =2.4×10<sup>-10</sup> ), comparable to that of BaSO<sub>4</sub> . Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed the sulfate anions are sequestered as [(SO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> O)<sub>4</sub> ]<sup>4-</sup> clusters within the crystals. Variable-temperature solubility measurements indicated the sulfate crystallization is slightly endothermic (ΔH<sub>cryst</sub> =3.7 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> ), thus entropy driven. The real-world utility of this crystallization-based approach for sulfate separation was demonstrated by removing up to 99 % of sulfate from seawater in a single step.
Novel “π‐Boat” Cage Compounds as Potential Cryptands (1995)

Not only aesthetic, but also structurally interesting are the novel bridged π systems like 1 with “π boat” units. They can be synthesized by cyclization of 1,6-diazacyclodeca-3,8-diyne with dihalides. Whether the trimer 1 or a monomer or dimer forms depends on the geometrical properties of the bridge monomers employed (in 1 para-substituted benzene).
Electrochromic artificial muscles based on nanoporous metal-polymer composites (2013)

This work shows that a nano-coating of electrochromic polymer grown onto the ligaments of nanoporous gold causes reversible dimensional and color changes during electrochemical actuation. This combination of electromechanical and optical properties opens additional avenues for the applications of artificial muscles, i.e., a metallic muscle exhibits its progress during work by changing color that can be detected by optical means. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
Cardiac Damage Biomarkers Following a Triathlon in Elite and Non-elite Triathletes (2014)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate cardiac damage biomarkers after a triathlon race in elite and non-elite athlete groups. Fifteen healthy men participated in the study. Based on performance, they were divided into elite athlete group (EG: n=7) and non-elite athlete group (NEG: n=8). Participants' blood samples were obtained during four periods: before, immediately, 2 hours and 7 days after finishing the race. creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myoglobin (CK-MB), myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in both groups immediately after, and 2 hours after finishing the race (p<.05). CK, CK-MB, and myoglobin were completely recovered after 7 days (p<.05). Hematocrit (Hct) was significantly decreased in both groups (p<.05) 7 days after the race. LDH was significantly decreased in the EG (p<.05) only 7 days after the race. Homoglobin (Hb) was significantly decreased in the NEG (p<.05) only 2 hours after the race. Although cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was significantly increased in the EG but not in the NEG 2hours after the race (p<.05), there was no group-by-time interaction. cTnT was completely recovered in both groups 7 days after the race. In conclusion, cardiac damage occurs during a triathlon race and, is greater in elite than in non-elite. However, all cardiac damage markers return to normal range within 1 week.
Characterization and properties of natural rubber/brominated EPDM blends. (1993)

エチレン•プロピレン•シエン3元共重合ゴム(EPDM)と天然ゴムとの共加硫特性を改善するためにEPDMをプロム化し(約24%). 天然ゴムとのプレンドの特性についてEPDMのものと比較し検討を行った. プロム化EPDM(BEPDM)単独の試料についてみると示差走査熱量計(DSC)より求めたTgおよひ動的粘弾性試験機(DMA)より求めた貯蔵弾性率, tanδの温度分散曲線はBEPDMとEPDMの両者てほぼ同じ結果を示し, 2.4%のプロム化によるEPDMの性質の変化は小さいことがわかった. 一方. 昇温に伴う重量減が5%に達する温度についてみるとBEPDMてはEPDMに比へ, 約15°C高温側にノフトし, 耐熱性がEPDMより上昇することかわかった. さらに, 同一条件ての加硫速度についてはEPDMより著しく増大した. 天然ゴムとのフレント物については, EPDMのプロム化に伴う加硫速度の増加て天然ゴムとの共加硫性が改良され. 引張り物性が増大した.また. ゴム/ゴム接着性に対するプロム化の効果も大きく. BEPDMかEPDMに対して. 約2倍高くなった結果が得られた. さらに, プレント物の破断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)て観察した結果. NR/BEPDMのプレント物の破断面がNR/EPDMのプレント物より荒く, 共加硫性の向上が認められた.