gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible Battle Rhythm (2006)

Battle rhythms are ubiquitous in military operations, but current methods for implementing them have not kept pace with the changes affecting military organizations. Visual Battle Rhythm (VBR) is a software prototype which updates the battle rhythm process with modern technology and careful information design to improve the synchronization, situational awareness and decision making ability of commanders. Key improvements over current methods include faster coordination across commands crucial for joint and coalition operations, easy distributed editing capabilities, instantaneous updates and saved time. VBR was demonstrated at Joint Warrior Interoperability Demonstration (JWID) 2004 and exercised by the Canadian Joint Operations Group (JOG). Training required less than one hour and in both cases it received excellent evaluations. This paper describes the context and use of VBR and its potential as a deployed operational system.
A CW HF Laser with Supersonic Premixing and Stationary Shock Initiation (1977)

Abstract : Formation of HF by the chain reaction is initiated by the simultaneous reaction NO + F2 yields NOF + F. A detonable mixture of the reactants, H2, F2, and NO in argon or helium diluent, is achieved by secondary injection of H2 and NO along the trailing edges of a two-dimensional nozzle array into a cold supersonic stream of premixed F2 plus diluent. Mixing of the secondary injectants is achieved without significant chemical reactions in slightly divergent supersonic mixing section. The resultant detonable mixture is directed into a chamber as a slightly underexpanded free jet. This free jet is interrupted shortly downstream of its exit plane by a nearly normal shock wave. The shock is held in a stationary manner by a shock holder which accepts only a portion ( approximately 70%) of the total jet flow. An adjustable sonic throat, within the shock holder, controls the accepted fraction. Laser mirrors in a fixed stable-cavity configuration constitute two walls of the shock holder. Maximum laser cavity intensity, sampled through several small holes in one mirror, presently appears to be in excess of 51 w/sq cm, as deduced from measurements of power in excess of 117 mw incident on a PbSe detector. Laser power output in excess of 20w, in a closed cavity configuration, was determined from local mirror heating by thermocouple measurements. This work represents the first success in achieving a stationary shock in a detonable mixture in a configuration other than a free jet. Furthermore, it represents the first demonstration of CW laser operation across a stationary shock.
Monitoring the intracellular calcium response to a dynamic hypertonic environment (2016)

The profiling of physiological response of cells to external stimuli at the single cell level is of importance. Traditional approaches to study cell responses are often limited by ensemble measurement, which is challenging to reveal the complex single cell behaviors under a dynamic environment. Here we report the development of a simple microfluidic device to investigate intracellular calcium response to dynamic hypertonic conditions at the single cell level in real-time. Interestingly, a dramatic elevation in the intracellular calcium signaling is found in both suspension cells (human leukemic cell line, HL-60) and adherent cells (lung cancer cell line, A549), which is ascribed to the exposure of cells to the hydrodynamic stress. We also demonstrate that the calcium response exhibits distinct single cell heterogeneity as well as cell-type-dependent responses to the same stimuli. Our study opens up a new tool for tracking cellular activity at the single cell level in real time for high throughput drug screening.
Relationships between HLA‐DR‐expressing Cells and T Lymphocytes of Different Subsets in Rheumatoid Synovial Tissue (1982)

An immunohistochemical double staining technique was used to study the relationships between HLA-DR-expressing, mostly macrophage-like cells, and different populations of T lymphocytes in frozen sections of synovial tissue from patients with inflammatory joint disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. Substantial T-lymphocyte infiltration as measured by Leu 1 antibody binding was found, especially adjacent to HLA-DR-expressing cells near the synovial cavity and around small vessels. Most of the T cells reacted with Leu 3a ('helper/inducer'-cell-specific) antibodies, whereas relatively few cells were Leu 2a ('cytotoxic/suppressor' T-cell-specific)-positive.
Comment on “Distinct Populations in Spin-Label EPR Spectra from Nitroxides” (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTComment on "Distinct Populations in Spin-Label EPR Spectra from Nitroxides"Eva Meirovitch*Eva MeirovitchThe Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel*E.M.: E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 972-3-531-8049.More by Eva Meirovitchhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-5079, Boris DzikovskiBoris DzikovskiBaker Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United StatesMore by Boris Dzikovski, and Jack H. Freed*Jack H. FreedBaker Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States*J.H.F.: E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 607-255-3647.More by Jack H. Freedhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-2585Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123, 10, 2454–2456Publication Date (Web):February 15, 2019Publication History Received8 August 2018Revised15 November 2018Published online15 February 2019Published inissue 14 March 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07730https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07730article-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1205Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (532 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Diffusion,Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Lipids,Membranes,Software Get e-Alerts
Cyclophilin of Schistosoma japonicum (1992)

A 623-bp cDNA molecule encoding cyclophilin, a specific cyclosporin A-binding protein, has been isolated from Schistosoma japonicum using a heterologous cDNA probe from Echinococcus granulosus. The nucleotide sequence of this molecule has been determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence has revealed extensive homology with homologues of other species. Southern blot analysis suggests that S. japonicum cyclophilin is the product of a single-copy gene. The cloning of this cDNA will allow an investigation of cyclophilin as a possible target of the antischistosome effects of cyclosporin A.
Using linear time-invariant system theory to estimate kinetic parameters directly from projection measurements (1995)

It is common practice to estimate kinetic parameters from dynamically acquired tomographic data by first reconstructing a dynamic sequence of three-dimensional reconstructions and then fitting the parameters to time activity curves generated from the time-varying reconstructed images. However, in SPECT, the pharmaceutical distribution can change during the acquisition of a complete tomographic data set, which can bias the estimated kinetic parameters. It is hypothesized that more accurate estimates of the kinetic parameters can be obtained by fitting to the projection measurements instead of the reconstructed time sequence. Estimation from projections requires the knowledge of their relationship between the tissue regions of interest or voxels with particular kinetic parameters and the projection measurements, which results in a complicated nonlinear estimation problem with a series of exponential factors with multiplicative coefficients. A technique is presented in this paper where the exponential decay parameters are estimated separately using linear time-invariant system theory. Once the exponential factors are known, the coefficients of the exponentials can be estimated using linear estimation techniques. Computer simulations demonstrate that estimation of the kinetic parameters directly from the projections is more accurate than the estimation from the reconstructed images.
A PUF hub drives self-renewal in C. elegans germline stem cells (2019)

ABSTRACT Stem cell regulation relies on extrinsic signaling from a niche plus intrinsic factors that respond and drive self-renewal within stem cells. A priori, loss of niche signaling and loss of the intrinsic self-renewal factors might be expected to have equivalent stem cell defects. Yet this simple prediction has not been borne out for most stem cells, including C. elegans germline stem cells (GSCs). The central regulators of C. elegans GSCs include extrinsically-acting GLP-1/Notch signaling from the niche, intrinsically-acting RNA binding proteins in the PUF family, termed FBF-1 and FBF-2 (collectively FBF), and intrinsically-acting PUF partner proteins that are direct Notch targets. Abrogation of either GLP-1/Notch signaling or its targets yields an earlier and more severe GSC defect than loss of FBF-1 and FBF-2, suggesting that additional intrinsic regulators must exist. Here, we report that those missing regulators are two additional PUF proteins, PUF-3 and PUF-11. Remarkably, an fbf-1 fbf-2; puf-3 puf-11 quadruple null mutant has a GSC defect virtually identical to that of a glp-1/ Notch null mutant. PUF-3 and PUF-11 both affect GSC maintenance; both are expressed in GSCs; and epistasis experiments place them at the same position as FBF within the network. Therefore, action of PUF-3 and PUF-11 explains the milder GSC defect in fbf-1 fbf-2 mutants. We conclude that a “PUF hub”, comprising four PUF proteins and two PUF partners, constitutes the intrinsic self-renewal node of the C. elegans GSC RNA regulatory network. Discovery of this hub underscores the significance of PUF RNA-binding proteins as key regulators of stem cell maintenance.
Simultaneous Determination of Trace Lead and Chromium in Water Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Paper Substrate (2014)

Toxic metals such as lead and chromium in aqueous solutions have been analyzed simultaneously by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in which the ordinary printing paper is used as a liquid absorber which was immerged into Pb(NO3)2 and Cr(NO3)3 aqueous solution to enrich the heavy metals. This method overcomes the drawbacks of splashing and low sensitivity in ordinary LIBS analysis of water, in which a laser beam is directly focused on a liquid surface. A good signal intensity and reproducibility has been demonstrated. The Pb 405.78 nm and Cr 427.48 nm spectral lines are used as the analytical lines. The variation of line intensity with immersion time was investigated. The calibration curve for quantitative measurement of Pb and Cr in water was established, and the detection limits are 0.033 mg/L and 0.026 mg/L respectively, which is about 2–3 orders of magnitude better than that in the ordinary LIBS analysis of heavy metal in solution.
Assessment of the therapeutic potential of cytokines, cytotoxic drugs and effector cell populations for the treatment of multiple myeloma using the 5T33 murine myeloma model (1995)

The therapeutic potential of six cytokines, eight cytotoxic drugs and two effector cell populations for the treatment of multiple myeloma was assessed in vitro using the 5T33 murine myeloma model. The efficacy of combination IFN-alpha and melphalan therapy was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Of the cytokines tested in vitro using the MTT assay, only IFN-alpha demonstrated significant inhibition of myeloma cell growth at non-toxic concentrations (ED50 = 1508.3 +/- 181.3 U/mL and 2617.9 +/- 334.0 U/mL for murine IFN-alpha [mIFN-alpha] and human IFN-alpha hybrid B/D [hIFN-alpha B/D], respectively). The ED50 for the eight cytotoxic drugs tested ranged from 2.3 x 10(-9) to 4.3 x 10(-13) mol/L and all were within the therapeutic range for humans. Combination hIFN-alpha B/D and melphalan were found to be additive in their inhibitory effects on myeloma cell growth in vitro and this finding was confirmed in vivo in C57BL/KaLwRij mice bearing disseminated 5T33 myeloma. Control animals demonstrated a median survival duration of 25.3 days whereas hIFN-alpha B/D or melphalan treatment alone increased survival to 30.5 and 33.3 days, respectively (P < 0.001). Combination IFN-alpha/melphalan therapy increased median survival duration to 38.5 days (P < 0.001) which was also significantly greater than that obtained with single agent therapy (P < 0.01). The murine myeloma cells were found to be resistant to NK cell lysis but susceptible to lysis by LAK cells (49.3 +/- 6.3% lysis at an effector to target ratio of 100:1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Associations Between Season, Processing Plant, and Hide Cleanliness Scores with Prevalence and Concentration of Major Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli on Beef Cattle Hides (2020)

The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the prevalence and concentration of the seven major Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157), collectively called STEC-7, on cattle hides collected in different seasons and beef processing plants; and (2) to determine associations of season, plant, and hide cleanliness scores with the prevalence and concentration of STEC-7. A total of 720 hide surface samples (240/season) were collected over three seasons (summer and fall 2015 and spring 2016) from beef cattle carcasses in four commercial processing plants in the United States. Samples were subjected to selective culture and spiral plating methods. Overall model-adjusted mean prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 0.3% (0.03-2.3%) for STEC O26; 0.05% (<0.01-8.5%) for STEC O45; 0.2% (0.02-1.9%) for STEC O103; 0.05% (<0.01-8.5%) for STEC O145; and 3.1% (0.6-15.2%) for STEC O157. Four percent of hide samples were enumerable for STEC O157; mean concentration (standard deviation) = 2.1 (0.7) log<sub>10</sub> colony-forming units (CFUs)/100 cm<sup>2</sup>. No samples were enumerable for non-O157 STEC. Hide-on prevalence of STEC O157 and STEC non-O157 (specifically of STEC O103) was higher in summer and spring, respectively. Across seasons and plants, the most common STEC non-O157 serogroups in this study (O26 and O103) were associated with a higher prevalence of STEC O157. Season and plant played a role in prevalence and concentration of STEC in beef cattle hides, varying by serogroup. Tailoring mitigation strategies at the plant can be challenging and processors would benefit from supplementary preharvest interventions to reduce overall contamination pressure at the plant, especially in fall and spring months when hide-on prevalence of STEC non-O157 is higher.
Excellent yield of a variety of silicon-boron radicals and their reactivity (2022)

Herein we report stable silicon-boron radicals of composition LSi(NMe<sub>2</sub>)-B(Br)Tip (1), LSi(NMe<sub>2</sub>)-B(I)Tip (2) LSi(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)-B(I)Tip (3) [L = PhC(N<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)<sub>2</sub>]. They were prepared in high yield using a one pot reaction of LSiR, X<sub>2</sub>BTip and KC<sub>8</sub> in a 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio (R = <sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu, NMe<sub>2</sub>; X = Br, I). The reaction of the silicon-boron radical with Br<sub>2</sub> and Se affords the dihalogenated compound LSi(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)-B(Br<sub>2</sub>)Tip (4) and oxidative addition product LSi(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)Se (5). All the compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Quantum chemical calculations show that the B-centered radicals 1-3 are stabilised by hyperconjugative interactions.
Field study and numerical simulation of subslab ventilation systems (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTField study and numerical simulation of subslab ventilation systemsYves C. Bonnefous, Ashok J. Gadgil, William J. Fisk, Richard J. Prill, and Albert R. NematollahiCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 9, 1752–1759Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00033a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es00033a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of packet loss in transport layer over ATM networks (1997)

In asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, when cells are lost due to congestion, packets containing the lost cells should be retransmitted in the transport layer, which manages the end-to-end communication. The probability that a packet contains at least one lost cell depends on the packet length. It is thus very likely that the performance of the end-to-end communication is influenced by the packet length. In this paper, we analyse packet loss probability and the achievable maximum throughput when a block of data is divided into packets of fixed size and the lost packets are retransmitted based on the selective repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ). Through this analysis, we examine the effect of packet length and peak cell transmission rate on the performance measures mentioned above. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE CYCLOADDITIONEN 2. MITT. BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN STRUKTUR UND REAKTIVITAET BEI PHOTOCHEMISCHEN CYCLOADDITIONEN, 1,4‐ADDITION VON DICHLORVINYLENCARBONAT AN AROMATEN (1972)

Abstract Nach ihrem Verhalten bei der Addition von Dichlorvinylencarbonat lassen sich Aromaten in drei Gruppen einteilen.
Mesoporous silica grafted with multiply bonded dimolybdenum cations: XAFS analysis and catalytic activity in cyclopentadiene polymerisationElectronic Supplementary Information available. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b1/b108320a/ (2002)

Molybdenum K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy has been used to characterise the local structure around the metal centres in mesoporous silica MCM-41 derivatised with the complex salts [Mo2(µ-O2CCH3)2(CH3CN)6](BF4)2, [Mo2(µ-CH3CONH)2(CH3CN)4](BF4)2, [Mo2(CH3CN)10](BF4)4 and [Mo2(µ-O2CCH3)2(dppa)2(CH3CN)2](BF4)2. Analysis of the EXAFS reveals that the molybdenum–molybdenum quadruple bond is retained in the grafted materials and that the equatorially coordinated ligands are not displaced. The results support the assumption that the complexes are immobilised on the silica surface by an interaction with silanol groups in axial positions. Consistent with these findings, catalysis tests show that the activities of the supported dimolybdenum complexes as initiators for the polymerisation of cyclopentadiene are comparable with those observed for the free complexes in the homogeneous phase. The XAFS results also reveal that air-oxidation of the supported catalysts leads to the rapid formation of surface-fixed dioxo-bridged binuclear species, characterised by a molybdenum–molybdenum interatomic distance of 2.56 ± 0.02 Å.
Oxygen sensor signal validation for the safety of the rebreather diver. (2009)

In electronically controlled, closed-circuit rebreather diving systems, the partial pressure of oxygen inside the breathing loop is controlled with three oxygen sensors, a microcontroller and a solenoid valve - critical components that may fail. State-of-the-art detection of sensor failure, based on a voting algorithm, may fail under circumstances where two or more sensors show the same but incorrect values. The present paper details a novel rebreather controller that offers true sensor-signal validation, thus allowing efficient and reliable detection of sensor failure. The core components of this validation system are two additional solenoids, which allow an injection of oxygen or diluent gas directly across the sensor membrane.
Ovalbumin utilizes an NH2-terminal signal sequence. (1982)

In synchronized translation experiments in the wheat germ and reticulocyte lysate systems, ovalbumin (385 amino acids) was glycosylated by and segregated in dog pancreatic microsomes only if microsomes were added before the nascent ovalbumin polypeptide contained less than 150 amino acids. This would place the signal sequence of ovalbumin prior to residue 150, in contrast to a previous report.
Alterations in Excitatory and Inhibitory Brainstem Interneuronal Circuits after Severe Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

Reorganization of the central nervous system following spinal cord injury (SCI) involves changes not only at the cortical level, but also at the level of the brainstem. To further understand changes in excitatory and inhibitory brainstem interneuronal circuits following SCI, we studied recovery curves of the blink reflex (BR) to paired suprathreshold stimuli at various intervals (160, 300, 500, and 1000 msec), and prepulse inhibition of the BR following right index finger stimulation 100 msec prior to supraorbital nerve stimulation. Both parameters were studied in patients with SCI without baclofen treatment (n = 19), in patients with continuous intrathecal baclofen (CITB) (n = 9), and in healthy controls (n = 13). R2 recovery, expressed as the ratio of R2 area following the second stimulus divided by the R2 area following the first stimulus, was significantly greater in SCI patients without baclofen compared to controls and patients with CITB at all intervals, while there was no difference between patients with CITB and controls. Prepulse inhibition of R2 was significantly less in patients without baclofen compared to patients with CITB and healthy controls. Our findings indicate enhanced excitability and reduced inhibition of brainstem interneuronal circuits in patients with SCI, that are restored in the presence of baclofen to levels comparable to controls. In conclusion, SCI patients show more extended alterations in brainstem circuitry than previously thought. Decreased GABAergic mechanisms seem to be related to both excitatory and inhibitory brainstem circuit alterations. Baclofen appears to effectively restore this decreased GABAeregic activity.