gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameter extraction with neural networks (1998)

In semiconductor processing, the modeling of the process is becoming more and more important. While the ultimate goal is that of developing a set of tools for designing a complete process (Technology CAD), it is also necessary to have modules to simulate the various technologies and, in particular, to optimize specific steps. This need is particularly acute in lithography, where the continuous decrease in CD forces the technologies to operate near their limits. In the development of a 'model' for a physical process, we face several levels of challenges. First, it is necessary to develop a 'physical model,' i.e. a rational description of the process itself on the basis of know physical laws. Second, we need an 'algorithmic model' to represent in a virtual environment the behavior of the 'physical model.' After a 'complete' model has been developed and verified, it becomes possible to do performance analysis. In many cases the input parameters are poorly known or not accessible directly to experiment. It would be extremely useful to obtain the values of these 'hidden' parameters from experimental results by comparing model to data. This is particularly severe, because the complexity and costs associated with semiconductor processing make a simple 'trial-and-error' approach infeasible and cost- inefficient. Even when computer models of the process already exists, obtaining data through simulations may be time consuming. Neural networks (NN) are powerful computational tools to predict the behavior of a system from an existing data set. They are able to adaptively 'learn' input/output mappings and to act as universal function approximators. In this paper we use artificial neural networks to build a mapping from the input parameters of the process to output parameters which are indicative of the performance of the process. Once the NN has been 'trained,' it is also possible to observe the process 'in reverse,' and to extract the values of the inputs which yield outputs with desired characteristics. Using this method, we can extract optimum values for the parameters and determine the process latitude very quickly.
Joint connection level, packet level, and link layer resource allocation for variable bit rate multiclass services in cellular ds-cdma networks with qos constraints (2003)

An approximate analytical formulation of the resource allocation problem for handling variable bit rate multiclass services in a cellular direct sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system is presented. The novelty in this paper is that all grade-of-service (GoS) or quality-of-service (QoS) requirements at the connection level, packet level, and link layer are satisfied simultaneously, instead of being satisfied at the connection level or at the link layer only. The analytical formulation shows how the GoS/QoS in the different layers are intertwined across the layers. A complete sharing (CS) scheme with guard channels is used for the resource sharing policy at the connection level. The CS model is solved using a K-dimensional Markov chain. Numerical results illustrate that significant gain in system utilization is achieved through the joint coupling of connection/packet levels and link layer. This can translate to more revenues for network providers and/or lower charges for mobile users.
General acid-catalyzed addition of anilines to dicyanamide ion through a concerted mechanism (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral acid-catalyzed addition of anilines to dicyanamide ion through a concerted mechanismSteven V. Hill, Jethro L. Longridge, and Andrew WilliamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 10, 1819–1823Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00184a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00184a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Growth and Characterization of GaAs Films from Tris(di‐tert‐ butylarsino)gallane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Amination of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diphenoquinone (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmination of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diphenoquinoneAllan S. Hay, Dwain M. White, Bernice M. Boulette, Susan A. Nye, and Herbert S. I. ChaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 25, 5959–5960Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00260a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00260a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glycan Structure Determinants for Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Binding and Cellular Uptake of a Recombinant Protein (2013)

The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) plays a critical role in intracellular transport of lysosomal enzymes as well as the uptake of recombinant proteins. To define the minimal glycan structure determinants necessary for receptor binding and cellular uptake, we synthesized a series of glycans containing mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and hexamannoses terminated with either one or two phosphates for conjugating to a model protein, recombinant human acid α-glucosidase. A high affinity interaction with the CI-MPR can be achieved for the enzyme conjugated to a dimannose glycan with a single phosphate. However, tightest binding to a CI-MPR affinity column was observed with a hexamannose structure containing two phosphates. Moreover, maximal cellular uptake and a 5-fold improvement in in vivo potency were achieved when the bisphosphorylated hexamannose glycan is conjugated to the protein by a β linker. Nevertheless, even a monophosphorylated dimannose glycan conjugate showed stronger binding to the receptor affinity column, higher cellular uptake, and significantly greater in vivo efficacy compared to the unconjugated protein which contains a low level of high affinity glycan structure. These results demonstrate that the phosphorylated dimannose moiety appears to be the minimal structure determinant for enhanced CI-MPR binding and that the orientation of the glycan is critical for maximum receptor interaction. In summary, we have improved the understanding of the mechanism of CI-MPR binding and developed a simple alternative for CI-MPR targeting.
Evaluating the performance of the dynamic bandwidth reservation method using link utilization information in automatic transfer mode local area networks (1996)

Abstract With the improvement of the speed of computers in recent years, there is required a local area network (LAN) that can realize a high‐speed broadband communication. For this purpose, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) LANs based on ATM technique is considered important. This paper considers the bandwidth reservation control as a means of traffic control in ATM LAN and evaluates the performance by simulation. The evaluation is made for the following methods of congestion control: ACK/NACK method, based on the ACK/NACK signal which is returned when the bandwidth reservation succeeds/fails; the dynamic ACK/NACK method, which is an improvement so that the control can be adapted to the traffic load; and control method based on the link information from the switch. It is shown for the single‐stage switching network that the dynamic ACK/NACK method has a better performance when the traffic is low but the control method based on the link information has the highest performance when the traffic is high. It also is shown for the three‐stage switching network that the control method based on the link information has the highest performance.
Thermomechanical behaviour of environmentally benign Pb-free solders (2009)

<title/>Electronic packaging is a critical part of products such as computers, cellular phones, automotive components and other electronic devices. The package must be tailored to incorporate as many input/output interconnects as possible, in a limited amount of space. Until recently, most solder balls were made of a eutectic Pb-Sn alloy, because of its low melting point, excellent wetting characteristics and adequate creep and thermal fatigue strength. The potential health hazards associated with the toxicity of lead are significant. Given the widespread use of Pb-Sn solder in the manufacture and assembly of circuit boards, the development and reliability of new Pb-free solders is crucial for the successful substitution of these materials in the electronics industry. Pb-free solder alloys are complex materials with various important microstructural attributes. These include the nanoscale precipitates of Ag3Sn in Sn-Ag-Cu or Sn-Ag alloys, as well as Cu6Sn5 intermetallic formed at the interface between the solder and Cu metallisation. The mechanical behaviour of solder alloys is extremely important because solder joints must retain their mechanical integrity under a myriad of conditions such as creep, thermal fatigue, and mechanical shock and drop resistance. A significant amount of work has been carried out on the monotonic shear, creep and thermal fatigue resistance of these materials. An important new area of research is the mechanical shock and vibration fatigue behaviour of Pb-free solders. The developments in all these areas are critically examined in this paper.
Highly broadband buried channel couplers (1994)

It is shown that, by taking advantage of the maximum in the spectral dependence of the coupling coefficient, very wideband symmetric and asymmetric singlemode couplers can be designed. The symmetric coupler design will allow at least 98% coupling between the two cores over the wavelength range 1.3–1.59 µm, while the asymmetric coupler can act as a 3 dB splitter with only ±0.8% variation in splitting ratio over the wavelength range 1.3–1.75 µm.
X-ray characterization of short-pulse laser illuminated hydrogen storage alloys having very high performance (2015)

Hydrogen storage alloys become more and more important in the fields of electric energy production and stage and automobiles such as Ni-MH batteries. The vacancies introduced in hydrogen absorption alloy by charged particle beams were found to be positive effect on the increase in the initial hydrogen absorption reaction rate in the previous study. The initial reaction rates of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the alloy are one of the important performances to be improved. Here, we report on the characterization of the hydrogen absorption reaction rate directly illuminated by a femtosecond and nanosecond lasers instead of particle beam machines. A laser illuminates the whole surface sequentially on a tip of a few cm square LaNi<sub>4.6</sub>Al<sub>0.4</sub> alloy resulting in significant improvement in the hydrogen absorption reaction rate. For characterization of the surface layer, we perform an x-ray diffraction experiment using a monochromatized intense x-ray beam from SPring-8 synchrotoron machine.
A Family of Probabilistic Kernels Based on Information Divergence (2004)

Probabilistic kernels offer a way to combine generative models with discriminative classifiers. We establish connections between probabilistic kernels and feature space kernels through a geometric interpretation of the previously proposed probability product kernel. A family of probabilistic kernels, based on information divergence measures, is then introduced and its connections to various existing probabilistic kernels are analyzed. The new family is shown to provide a unifying framework for the study of various important questions in kernel theory and practice. We exploit this property to design a set of experiments that yield interesting results regarding the role of properties such as linearity, positive definiteness, and the triangle inequality in kernel performance.
Influence of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegansand Host Defense againstSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis (2007)

This study aimed to develop a convenient model to investigate the senescence of host defenses and the influence of food and nutrition. A small soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, was grown for 3 days from hatching on a lawn of Escherichia coli OP50 as the normal food source, and subsequently some of the nematodes were fed lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The life spans of worms fed LAB were significantly longer than the life spans of those fed OP50. To investigate the effect of age on host defenses, 3- to 7-day-old worms fed OP50 were transferred onto a lawn of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for infection. The nematodes died over the course of several days, and the accumulation of salmonella in the intestinal lumen suggested that the worms were infected. The 7-day-old worms showed a higher death rate during the 5 days after infection than nematodes infected at the age of 3 days; no clear difference was observed when the worms were exposed to OP50. We then investigated whether the LAB could exert probiotic effects on the worms' host defenses and improve life span. Seven-day-old nematodes fed LAB from the age of 3 days were more resistant to salmonella than worms fed OP50 until they were infected with salmonella. This study clearly showed that LAB can enhance the host defense of C. elegans and prolong life span. The nematode appears to be an appropriate model for screening useful probiotic strains or dietetic antiaging substances.
Research on interactively 3D tree modeling and visualization based on OpenGL (2019)

To discuss the theory and methodology of geometrical modeling for a tree and research on interactive modeling and 3D visualization technology, a three-step realization process was established. Results of model development were as follows:Firstly, the geometric structure of real branches was analyzed to construct a generation method for the branch model, and a hexagonal prism was proposed to represent the trunk or branch. The curved shape was realized by using segment elements through continuous deflection and connection. Secondly, based on the generation method for a branch, the whole tree was constructed by a fractal iterative method. To improve the degree of simulation, interference factors were added to make the final stem model not too regular. Finally, the OpenGL graphics technology and Visual C++ were chosen as visualization and development tools. Thus, the modeling system of 3D trees supporting interaction was constructed by a mathematical description of the tree model, a rendering of the scene and a extracting of the feature parameters.
Electronic predistortion for compensation of polarization-mode dispersion (2008)

One of the major impairments in high-speed optical transmission links is Polarization-Mode Dispersion (PMD). We propose the method of electronic predistortion (EPD) for the mitigation of PMD. This approach has already been successfully applied for the compensation of Chromatic Dispersion (CD) and Fiber-Nonlinearities. The advantage of this method is that impairments can efficiently be mitigated without the need for coherent reception. The proposed scheme is based on the possibility to control the optical field at the transmitter by using two complex modulators for the modulation of two orthogonally polarized optical signals. If the physical origin of PMD is exactly known then the ideal predistorted field and the corresponding electrical driving signals can be computed accurately. In practice, however, this information is not available. Therefore it is shown how to determine appropriate driving signals for a set of measured PMD parameters. Measurements will be communicated through a feedback channel in practice. We suggest a possible strategy for application of this technique in scenarios, in which the adaptation speed is intrinsically limited due to the round-trip delay. Numerical simulations reveal that the use of EPD can significantly increase the tolerance towards PMD in comparison to a system without compensation.
Demonstration of Parametric Tunable Dispersion Compensation for WDM Channels with Mixed OOK and QPSK Formats (2013)

We demonstrate parametric tunable dispersion compensation (PTDC) for WDM channels with mixed modulation formats of OOK and QPSK at 43-Gbit/s. We discuss specific design issues on PTDC considering the characteristics of the received channels.
A VLSI artwork legalization technique based on a new criterion of minimum layout perturbation (1997)

Article A VLSI artwork legalization technique based on a new criterion of minimum layout perturbation Share on Authors: Fook-Luen Heng IBM Corporation, 32-138, T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Corporation, 32-138, T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Zhan Chen Dept. of ECE, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Dept. of ECE, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile , Gustavo E. Tellez IBM Corporation, 32-138, T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Corporation, 32-138, T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISPD '97: Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Physical designApril 1997 Pages 116–121https://doi.org/10.1145/267665.267701Published:01 April 1997 30citation407DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads407Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Supplementary Figure 2 from BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells
Bulk AlN growth by physical vapour transport (2014)

The process technologies of AlN growth by physical vapour transport are reviewed in this paper with a focus on the growth parameters, crucible materials, and the type of seeding/nucleation. In this context the three growth strategies for the first generation of AlN seeds, (i) grain selection, (ii) heteroepitaxially seeding on SiC, and (iii) spontaneous nucleation, are evaluated regarding their impact on the structural properties and the sizes of the grown AlN crystals. Major issues for subsequent homoepitaxial growth runs with controlled diameter enlargement, such as thermal field design and seed fixation, are addressed. Furthermore, the influences of the growth conditions on the main optical absorption bands in AlN are discussed.
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition (2008)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) takes advantage of our understanding of the cutaneous response to topically applied porphyrins to selectively destroy malignant or premalignant cells. This type of therapy has been used to treat a variety of cutaneous diseases, including actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, acne, and others. The treatment protocols are not standardized across institutions. We present the Henry Ford Dermatology protocol and early results of our first 150 treatments with PDT.
Urinary extracellular vesicles. A promising shortcut to novel biomarker discoveries (2017)

Proteomic and genomic techniques have reached full maturity and are providing unforeseen details for the comprehensive understanding of disease pathologies at a fraction of previous costs. However, for kidney diseases, many gaps in such information remain to inhibit major advances in the prevention, treatment and diagnostics of these devastating diseases, which have enormous global impact. The discovery of ubiquitous extracellular vesicles (EV) in all bodily fluids is rapidly increasing the fundamental knowledge of disease mechanisms and the ways in which cells communicate with distant locations in processes of cancer spread, immunological regulation, barrier functions and general modulation of cellular activity. In this review, we describe some of the most prominent research streams and findings utilizing urinary extracellular vesicles as highly versatile and dynamic tools with their extraordinary protein and small regulatory RNA species. While being a highly promising approach, the relatively young field of EV research suffers from a lack of adherence to strict standardization and carefully scrutinized methods for obtaining fully reproducible results. With the appropriate guidelines and standardization achieved, urine is foreseen as forming a unique, robust and easy route for determining accurate and personalized disease signatures and as providing highly useful early biomarkers of the disease pathology of the kidney and beyond.
The Abundant Presence of Nonpolyadenylated SV40 Late 19S Spliced RNA in the Nucleus of Monkey Cell (1988)

We have examined the structures and cellular distributions of the SV40 late RNAs present in monkey cells at late times after infection. One particular RNA species, spliced at residue 373(373-RNA), was found to be as abundant as the major late 16S RNAs. This result was unexpected since previous reports showed that the molecular ratio of the 373-spliced 19S RNA to 16S RNA is approximately 0.1 among either cytoplasmic polyadenylated or polysomal viral RNAs. Both sedimentation and electrophoretic analysis indicated that the 373-RNA was approximately 16S to 19S in size. Therefore, it was not a splicing intermediate or the product of premature termination of transcription within the late leader region. Whereas most SV40 late 16S RNA is polyadenylated and located in the cytoplasm, the majority of 373-RNA was found to lack poly A, and be located in the nucleus.