gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RADIATION PROTECTANTS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS (2005)

In today's heightened nuclear/biological/chemical threat environment, there is an increased need to have safe and effective means to protect not only special high-risk service groups, but also the general population at large, from the health hazards of unintended ionizing radiation exposures. An unfulfilled dream has been to have a globally effective pharmacologic that could be easily taken orally without any undue side effects prior to a suspected or impending nuclear/radiological event; such an ideal radioprotective agent has yet to be identified, let alone fully developed and approved for human use. No one would argue against the fact that this is problematic and needs to be corrected, but where might the ultimate solution to this difficult problem be found? Without question, representative species of the aminothiol family [e.g., Amifostine (MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland)] have proven to be potent cytoprotectants for normal tissues subjected to irradiation or to radiomimetic chemicals. Although Amifostine is currently used clinically, drug toxicity, limited times of protection, and unfavorable routes of administration, all serve to limit the drug's utility in nonclinical settings. A full range of research and development strategies is being employed currently in the hunt for new safe and effective radioprotectants. These include: (1) large scale screening of new chemical classes or natural products; (2) restructuring/reformulating older protectants with proven efficacies but unwanted toxicities; (3) using nutraceuticals that are only moderately protective but are essentially nontoxic; (4) using low dose combinations of potentially toxic but efficacious agents that protect through different routes to foster radioprotective synergy; and (5) accepting a lower level of drug efficacy in lieu of reduced toxicity, banking on the premise that the protection afforded can be leveraged by post-exposure therapies. Although it is difficult to predict which of these strategies will ultimately prove to be successful, it is certain that the probability of a useful protectant being fielded is increased significantly. This is due to the resurgence of interest in radiation protection, increased resources being expended by federal agencies, and by the Food and Drug Administration's willingness to innovate relative to new approval guidance.
Axotomy‐induced changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP receptor gene expression in the adult rat facial motor nucleus (1999)

It has been demonstrated that pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) promotes the survival of neurons in culture and can inhibit neuronal cell death after experimental injury. Furthermore, peripheral axotomy results in increased PACAP gene expression in sensory and sympathetic neurons, suggesting that PACAP might be a mediator in the injury response in certain parts of the nervous system. However, changes in PACAP expression have not been reported in injured motor neurons, despite the significant problem of motor neuron degeneration in injury and in several neurological diseases. We examined here changes in gene expression of PACAP and two high-affinity PACAP receptors, PAC1 and VPAC2, in adult rat motor neurons after facial nerve axotomy by in situ hybridization. PACAP gene expression was very low in facial motor neurons of normal rats. However, a robust time-dependent increase in PACAP mRNA was observed in the facial motor nucleus in most or all axotomized motor neurons. This induction was detectable 6 hr after axotomy, and peaked at 48 hr, when expression on the injured side averaged more than 20-fold higher than that on the contralateral side. Thereafter, PACAP mRNA levels decreased slightly, but remained more than 10-fold elevated for as long as 30 days after axotomy. In contrast to PACAP, gene expression for both the PAC1 and VPAC2 receptor was high in facial motor neurons of normal rats. No significant change was observed for VPAC2 receptor gene expression in facial motor neurons after axotomy, whereas gene expression for the PAC1 receptor became significantly decreased. The results indicate that the PACAP ligand receptor system is tightly regulated in the facial motor nucleus after axotomy, providing evidence that PACAP may be involved in motor injury responses. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:953–961, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Making Coffee and Other Duties of Citizenship (1981)

The Yale Law School is a special institution. Many have made that claim and many have sought to define what makes it special. To my mind, the specialness of the Yale Law School could be understood in terms of its relationship to Arthur Leff. That specialness is revealed by the capacity of Yale to attract so remarkable and unique an intelligence as Arthur Leff; by the ability and willingness of Yale to sustain and nurture those talents of his that were truly original; and by the capacity of Yale to evoke in the dedicated and busy scholar, not just service and loyalty, but also a deep affection. Arthur Leff returned Yale's regard for him with a light-hearted, cheerful and loving devotion. He was an extraordinary citizen.
The Collaborative Experience of Creating the National Capital Region Disease Surveillance Network (2011)

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) implemented state and district surveillance nodes in a central aggregated node in the National Capital Region (NCR). Within this network, de-identified health information is integrated with other indicator data and is made available to local and state health departments for enhanced disease surveillance. Aggregated data made available to the central node enable public health practitioners to observe abnormal behavior of health indicators spanning jurisdictions and view geographical spread of outbreaks across regions.Forming a steering committee, the NCR Enhanced Surveillance Operating Group (ESOG), was key to overcoming several data-sharing issues. The committee was composed of epidemiologists and key public health practitioners from the 3 jurisdictions. The ESOG facilitated early system development and signing of the cross-jurisdictional data-sharing agreement. This agreement was the first of its kind at the time and provided the legal foundation for sharing aggregated health information across state/district boundaries for electronic disease surveillance.Electronic surveillance system for the early notification of community-based epidemics provides NCR users with a comprehensive regional view to ascertain the spread of disease, estimate resource needs, and implement control measures. This article aims to describe the creation of the NCR Disease Surveillance Network as an exceptional example of cooperation and potential that exists for regional surveillance activities.
Pharmacological insights obtained from structure–function studies of ionotropic glutamate receptors (2006)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the vast majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. Elucidating the structure of these proteins is central to understanding their overall function and in the last few years a tremendous amount of knowledge has been gained from the crystal structures of the ligand-binding domains of the receptor protein. These efforts have enabled us to unravel the possible mechanisms of partial agonism, agonist selectivity and desensitization. This review summarizes recent data obtained from structural studies of the binding pockets of the GluR2, GluR5/6, NR1 and NR2A subunits and discusses these studies together with homology modelling and molecular dynamics simulations that have suggested possible binding modes for full and partial agonists as well as antagonists within the binding pocket of various ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits. Comparison of the ligand-binding pockets suggests that the ligand-binding mechanisms may be conserved throughout the glutamate receptor family, although agonist selectivity may be explained by a number of features inherent to the AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptor-binding pockets such as steric occlusion, cavity size and the contribution of water-bridged interactions.
FOXC1-induced Gli2 activation: A non-canonical pathway contributing to stemness and anti-Hedgehog resistance in basal-like breast cancer (2016)

The Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcriptional factor is a critical biomarker for basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). We recently reported that FOXC1 promotes cancer stem cell properties in BLBC by activating Smoothened (SMO)-independent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, suggesting a FOXC1-mediated mechanism for BLBC cell function and anti-Hh therapy resistance.
The fluctuating two-ray fading model: exact and approximate statistical characterization (2017)

El congreso en el que se ha presentado este artículo no genera libro de actas, por lo que el copyright no se ha transferido a IEEE.
Single particle aerodynamic relaxation time analyzer (1977)

An instrument employing a laser Doppler velocimeter and a microphone to measure the phase lag of the motion of aerosol particulates relative to the motion of the fluid medium within an acoustic field is described. The relaxation times and aerodynamic diameters of the particles or droplets are determined in real time from the measured values of phase lag; thus, the size analysis is independent of the electrostatic charges and refractive indices of the particulates. The instrument is suitable for analyzing the aerodynamic size spectrum of atmospheric particulate pollutants with aerodynamic diameters ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μm.
The Chemistry of Catalyst Activation: The Case of Group 4 Polymerization Catalysts (2010)

Organometallic chemistry has provided the foundation for the development of a wide range of new olefin polymerization catalysts over the last two to three decades. The unraveling of the mechanisms of activation and the mode of action of polymerization catalysts has transformed these former “black-box” systems into some of the best understood catalysts to date. In recent years insight into mechanistic steps such as ligand exchange with main-group-metal alkyls has had particular far-reaching consequences for materials design and new industrial products. This review attempts to summarize the advances made over the last 9−10 years in our understanding of the chemistry of catalyst activation and associated fundamental mechanistic aspects.
Influence of unplanned excisions on the outcomes of patients with stage III extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma (2018)

Unplanned excision of stage III STS leads to an unfavorable clinical course and necessitates more extensive surgery. As a result of aggressive re-excision and multidisciplinary treatment, a negative effect on oncologic outcomes cannot be confirmed.
BEOL Based RRAM with one extra-mask for low cost, highly reliable embedded application in 28 nm node and beyond (2017)

In this work, we demonstrated a low cost, BEOL based embedded RRAM technology by adding only one extra mask on standard 28 nm logic platform. Satisfactory characteristics such as forming free, high on/off ratio (>100) and high operation speed (<;100 ns) were achieved. Array level performance on thermal stability shows both LRS and HRS exhibit excellent stability at high temperature up to 260 °C. The resistance fluctuation caused by RTN signal and atomic structural change were clarified experimentally. Memory window and reading voltage selection are crucial to diminish the resistance variation. Compared with conventional eFLASH, this BEOL based RRAM technology provides a competitive solution for low power, low cost embedded application in 28 nm node and beyond.
LOCAL CO-EDUCATION IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A REAL CASE SIMULATION - FIVE TEAMS, FIVE COMPANIES (2011)

The present work aims at identifying how an effective project-based learning approach, focused on meeting real product development needs of local companies, can be implemented. The main issue is determining how project-based learning can be successfully employed to ensure students acquire the skills and knowledge required by companies. Towards this end, we propose a model for co-education, materialized and validated in a final-year industrial design degree course, with student groups working in cooperation with local SMEs. The proposed approach differs from others in the literature in 3 key features: it is prescriptive, it considers the final result (not just the process), and it involves local companies throughout the development stages. The developed work represents a contribution to an improved understanding of project-based learning and co-education.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Affinity Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐((2‐carboxyethyl)thio)‐3‐(2‐(8‐ phenyloctyl)phenyl)propanoic Acid. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the phenyloctylbenzaldehyde (I) with the halides (II) and (VII) yields the hydroxy ester (III) or the epoxy ester (VIII) which undergo condensation reaction with the thiols (IV) or (IX) to produce the thioethers (V), (X), and (XI).
Recovery of LSP Coefficient in VoIP Systems using Evolving Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models (2006)

In order to deliver real time, high quality voice services in packet based voice system (e.g. voice over Internet protocol, VoIP) system designers must tackle inherent quality problems related to possible packet loss. To combat the inevitable speech quality deterioration resulting from the loss of transmitted packets of speech information, techniques that provide estimates of the lost information that is needed by the speech recovery process are of considerable interest. Furthermore, in VoIP systems employing linear predictive coding (LPC) based speech coders, a significant percentage of the coded speech information represent the values of LPC coefficients and thus a new approach for estimating missing LPC filter coefficients is presented in this paper. This approach employs a new formulation of LSP recovery system architecture where evolving fuzzy rule-based models and particularly so-called evolving Takagi-Sugeno models are deployed to generate the required estimates of missing LSPs. The proposed missing parameters estimation technique is generic and initial experimental results demonstrate its considerable potential in improving the quality of LPC based decoded speech in VoIP applications
7. Past and Present Management of Alfalfa Bees (2008)

Abstract There is a long history of the use of alfalfa by humans, including the intentional introduction of this forage crop from Eurasia to other continents. For producing alfalfa seeds, the management systems for two bee pollinators have been developed. Use of managed alkali bees, Nomia melanderi, and alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata, has made alfalfa seed production a viable industry. The management systems for both bee species require care and commitment for combating parasites, pests, and diseases, and for meeting proper environmental conditions. Although the emphasis on the use of alkali bees has diminished, the use of the alfalfa leafcutting bees remains popular. Concerns and new ideas surrounding the current and future use of these bee species as commercial pollinators are discussed.
Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTResearch at the Intersection of the Physical and Life SciencesRoyce MurrayCite this: Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 13, 5397Publication Date (Web):June 30, 2010Publication History Published online30 June 2010Published inissue 1 July 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101475tCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views977Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (33 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Analytical chemistry,Cell transport,Central nervous system,Chemical structure,Receptors Get e-Alerts
The penta-coordinated vanadium formed on binding of ADP-vanadate-Mg(II) to CF1-ATPase functions as a transition-state inhibitor (1999)

The structure of vanadate, a phosphate analogue which functions in the presence of tightly bound ADP and divalent cations as a transition state inhibitor of CFI-ATPase, was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. There was a decrease in the intensity of the pre-edge transition and a change in the shape and energy of the K-edge upon binding of ADP-vanadate-Mg(II) to CF 1. The changes were due to alterations in the structure of vanadium from tetrahedral to five-coordinated trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Simulation of the edge shape and energies and EXAFS analysis confirmed the presence of pentacoordinated vanadium bound to the enzyme. This structure was analogous to the proposed transition state of the phosphate during the synthesis and the hydrolysis of ATP by CF 1 .
Comparison of Elastic Moduli of Porous Cordierite by Flexure and Dynamic Test Methods (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions
Circulating Vitamin D and Risk of Prostate Cancer—Letter (2012)

Background: This letter notes that the recent association between prostate cancer and serum 25-OHD by Albanes et al. is due to confounding or interaction with serum calcium.

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Impact:
Supplementary Tables 1 - 5 from Genetic Polymorphisms in MicroRNA-Related Genes as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 105KB.&lt;/p&gt;
Gully erosion processes, disciplinary fragmentation, and technological innovation (2018)

Abstract The development and evolution of gullies on soil‐mantled hillslopes can devastate agricultural regions and cause widespread soil and landscape degradation. Since 2000, international symposia have been organized to address gully erosion processes, and this paper and special issue provide additional context for the 7th International Symposium on Gully Erosion held at Purdue University in 2016. Several important themes of gully erosion emerged during this symposium that warranted additional discussion here. These topics include the importance and impact of technology transfer, disciplinary fragmentation as an impediment for research advancement, the difficulty in defining the erodibility of sediment within gullies, and the opportunities afforded by remote sensing technology. It is envisioned that such symposia will continue to enhance the capabilities of researchers and practitioners to monitor, model, and manage these important geomorphic processes and to mitigate landscape degradation. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (1998)

Defective regulation of apoptosis may play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, in which the skin is a prominent target. To our knowledge, however, the nature of epidermal changes in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) has not previously been investigated. We investigated the involvement of apoptosis in cutaneous LE. A total of 44 lesional skin samples from patients with cutaneous LE, 44 skin samples from patients with scleroderma, five skin specimens from patients suffering from dermatomyositis, and 13 normal skin samples were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, p53 (DO-7), and bcl-2. The lesional skin from cutaneous LE, except LE profundus, showed a marked increase in Ki-67- and p53-positive keratinocytes, which were predominantly located in the basal layer of the epidermis and follicle, and a drastic reduction in the number of bcl-2-positive cells localized in the basal cell compartment. With TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining, we demonstrated that extensive apoptosis occurred in almost the whole epidermis of cutaneous LE, except in cases of LE profundus. This abnormal expression of Ki-67, p53, and bcl-2 and the occurrence of apoptosis in the epidermis was also observed in epidermis from patients with dermatomyositis, but not in that from patients with scleroderma.
Regulation of receptor internalization by the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. (1994)

We showed previously that peptides derived from the alpha 1 domain of the major histocompatibility complex class I protein (MHC-I) inhibit internalization of some receptors, thereby increasing the steady-state number of active receptors on the cell surface. In consequence, sensitivity to hormone (e.g., insulin) is enhanced, transport (e.g., of glucose by GLUT-4) is increased, and carrier proteins (e.g., transferrin) operate less efficiently. Now we report that a bioactive peptide (but not closely related inactive ones) binds to MHC-I on the cell surface, not in the groove but apparently to the alpha 1 helix. The binding is saturable, and the number of peptide binding sites on the cell surface approximately equals the number of MHC-I molecules. Antibodies to MHC-I inhibit peptide binding. Most significant, antibodies to MHC-I mimic the effect of a bioactive peptide, inhibiting receptor internalization. These results indicate that MHC-I participates in the regulation of cell surface receptor activity.
Enhancement of iron excretion via monoanionic 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones (1994)

The ability of 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones bearing either a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid group to mobilize iron into the bile and urine of normal rats has been examined and compared with that produced by 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1). The compounds tested were 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-oxopyridine-6-carboxylic acid and 1-[3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxopyridyl]-2-ethanesulfonic acid, whose synthesis, biological activity, and X-ray crystallographic properties are described. Although estimates of activity, based on polarity and membrane permeability, predict such compounds to be ineffective, they were found to have an iron-mobilizing ability similar to that of the compounds which do not bear any charge at physiological pH when given parenterally. When given orally, the 3-hydroxypyrid-4-one containing a carboxylate group enhanced the urinary excretion of iron, while the sulfonate analog did not substantially increase the excretion of iron in the urine relative to the controls. The results obtained here suggest that the previous emphasis on the preparation of 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones that are electrically neutral at physiological pH is unnecessarily restrictive and that the presence of an appropriate group bearing a single negative charge is consistent with a high level of activity. It is proposed that such negatively charged molecules may gain access to the interior of cells in both the kidney and the liver via monoanionic transport systems. Such compounds may prove to be less toxic than the neutral 3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones.
Preoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Relationship With Postoperative Outcomes in Flexible Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (2020)

Level III, retrospective comparative series.