gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of the gill during reproduction in the unionids Anodonta grandis, Ligumia subrostrata, and Carunculina parva texasensis (1991)

This study characterizes the morphological modifications of the gill that establish the functional isolation of the central water channels into brood chambers during reproduction. The anodontids use the entire lateral demibranch for reproduction. The water channels are permanently subdivided by additional septa, resulting in more channels, but they are about one-third the size of those in the medial gill. Immediately before egg deposition, each water channel is subdivided by the formation of two small secondary water channels that receive water from the water canals, and a large brood chamber with no direct exposure to the circulating pond water. The secondary water channels disappear 1 or 2 weeks after release of the larvae. The septal tissue at the suprabranchial chamber becomes enlarged after egg deposition and seals the dorsal opening of the brood chamber from the exhalant water. The lampsilids do not form secondary water channels and the eggs are deposited in the central water channel of the posterior half of the lateral demibranch. The septal tissue enlarges at the suprabranchial chamber after egg deposition. In addition, muscular tissue near the ostial opening of the canal and at the canal – channel junction is able to constrict the canal orifice. In all species studied, the modified gill allows little if any ambient pond water into the brood chamber, and the aqueous environment is under the control of the maternal tissues.
The Mechanisms of Reactions at Transition Metal Sites (1993)

<italic>The Mechanisms of Reactions at Transition Metal Sites</italic> provides an introduction to this topic. Understanding the mechanisms of the reactions at transition metal sites is a key component in designing synthetic methods, developing industrial homogeneous catalysts, and investigating metalloenzymes. The chapters here provide a broad-based and systematic guide through the fundamentals of transition-metal mechanistic chemistry. Chapters in this book cover substitution reactions, electron transfer reactions, and ligand-based reactions.
Boxlike filter response based on complementary photonic bandgaps in two-dimensional microresonator arrays (2008)

We propose that a boxlike filter response can be obtained by utilizing complementary photonic bandgap properties of the column and row configurations in two-dimensional microresonator arrays. The filters are fabricated using deep-UV lithography in silicon-on-insulator technology. The observed sidelobes reduction is approximately 10 dB, and the usable bandwidth can be as high as 500-750 GHz.
Topographical and Functional Characterization of the ssDNA Probe Layer Generated Through EDC-Mediated Covalent Attachment to Nanocrystalline Diamond Using Fluorescence Microscopy (2008)

The covalent attachment method for DNA on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), involving the introduction of COOH functionalities on the surface by photoattachment of 10-undecenoic acid (10-UDA), followed by the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)-mediated coupling to NH 2-labeled ssDNA, is evaluated in terms of stability, density, and functionality of the resulting biological interface. This is of crucial importance in DNA biosensor development. The covalent nature of DNA attachment will infer the necessary stability and favorable orientation to the ssDNA probe molecules. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, the influence of buffer type for the removal of excess 10-UDA and ssDNA, the probe ssDNA length, the probe ssDNA concentration, and the presence of the COOH-linker on the density and functionality of the ssDNA probe layer were investigated. It was determined that the most homogeneously dense and functional DNA layer was obtained when 300 pmol of short ssDNA was applied to COOH-modified NCD samples, while H-terminated NCD was resistant for DNA attachment. Exploiting this surface functionality dependence of the DNA attachment efficiency, a shadow mask was applied during the photochemical introduction of the COOH-functionalities, leaving certain regions on the NCD H-terminated. The subsequent DNA attachment resulted in a fluorescence pattern corresponding to the negative of the shadow mask. Finally, NCD surfaces covered with mixtures of the 10-UDA linker molecule and a similar molecule lacking the COOH functionality, functioning as a lateral spacer, were examined for their suitability in preventing nonspecific adsorption to the surface and in decreasing steric hindrance. However, purely COOH-modified NCD samples, patterned with H-terminated regions and treated with a controlled amount of probe DNA, proved the most efficient in fulfilling these tasks.
Linear-Time Subspace Clustering via Bipartite Graph Modeling (2015)

We present a linear-time subspace clustering approach that combines sparse representations and bipartite graph modeling. The signals are modeled as drawn from a union of low-dimensional subspaces, and each signal is represented by a sparse combination of basis elements, termed atoms, which form the columns of a dictionary matrix. The sparse representation coefficients are arranged in a sparse affinity matrix, which defines a bipartite graph of two disjoint sets: 1) atoms and 2) signals. Subspace clustering is obtained by applying low-complexity spectral bipartite graph clustering that exploits the small number of atoms for complexity reduction. The complexity of the proposed approach is linear in the number of signals, thus it can rapidly cluster very large data collections. Performance evaluation of face clustering and temporal video segmentation demonstrates comparable clustering accuracies to state-of-the-art at a significantly lower computational load.
Spectroscopic Difference Tomography Using Monte Carlo Simulation (2002)

Monte Carlo simulations, using breast-shaped boundaries with simulated lesions embedded in them, were performed in order to study Spectroscopic Difference Tomography (SDT). The results suggest that SDT help to remove errors common to different wavelengths.
Identification of Key Candidate Genes and Pathways in Colorectal Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatical Analysis (2017)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide, but the involved signaling pathways and driven-genes are largely unclear. This study integrated four cohorts profile datasets to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in CRC. Expression profiles GSE28000, GSE21815, GSE44076 and GSE75970, including 319 CRC and 103 normal mucosa, were integrated and deeply analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted and candidate genes and pathways enrichment were analyzed. DEGs-associated protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was performed. Firstly, 292 shared DEGs (165 up-regulated and 127 down-regulated) were identified from the four GSE datasets. Secondly, the DEGs were clustered based on functions and signaling pathways with significant enrichment analysis. Thirdly, 180 nodes/DEGs were identified from DEGs PPI network complex. Lastly, the most significant 2 modules were filtered from PPI, 31 central node genes were identified and most of the corresponding genes are involved in cell cycle process, chemokines and G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. Taken above, using integrated bioinformatical analysis, we have identified DEGs candidate genes and pathways in CRC, which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events, and these candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for CRC.
A Survey of Content Based 3D Shape Retrieval Methods (Figure 5). (2004)

The vegetation community affects the composition and diversity of the insect community in grasslands. To explore the effects of vegetation management on insect community abundance and diversity, regular mowing of the vegetation was conducted, and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were exclusively planted at Tianjin Binhai International Airport. A total of 1886 insects were collected, representing 8 orders, 23 families, and 29 species; Acrididae (Orthoptera), Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), and Chironomidae (Diptera) were the dominant taxa. The abundance and biomass of insects in the turf areas were significantly lower than those in the control area and were reduced by 45.8 and 48.5% in the ryegrass area, respectively. In all areas, insect abundance and biomass peaked in summer, and the abundance of individuals and taxa decreased as the temperature decreased. Greater diversity and richness were found in summer compared with the other two seasons, and the turf areas had lower diversity and richness indices than the control areas in spring and summer. Our results suggest that the abundance, biomass and diversity of insects can be effectively decreased by artificial regulation of grassland vegetation at the airport, the planting of a single turfgrass - specifically ryegrass had the greatest effect. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the ecological control of insects at the airport.
Solar ultraviolet light collector for germicidal irradiation on the moon (2023)

Prolonged human-crewed missions on the Moon are foreseen as a gateway for Mars and asteroid colonisation in the next decades. Health risks related to long-time permanence in space have been partially investigated. Hazards due to airborne biological contaminants represent a relevant problem in space missions. A possible way to perform pathogens' inactivation is by employing the shortest wavelength range of Solar ultraviolet radiation, the so-called germicidal range. On Earth, it is totally absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the surface. In space, such Ultraviolet solar component is present and effective germicidal irradiation for airborne pathogens' inactivation can be achieved inside habitable outposts through a combination of highly reflective internal coating and optimised geometry of the air ducts. The Solar Ultraviolet Light Collector for Germicidal Irradiation on the Moon is a project whose aim is to collect Ultraviolet solar radiation and use it as a source to disinfect the re-circulating air of the human outposts. The most favourable positions where to place these collectors are over the peaks at the Moon's poles, which have the peculiarity of being exposed to solar radiation most of the time. On August 2022, NASA communicated to have identified 13 candidate landing regions near the lunar South Pole for Artemis missions. Another advantage of the Moon is its low inclination to the ecliptic, which maintains the Sun's apparent altitude inside a reduced angular range. For this reason, Ultraviolet solar radiation can be collected through a simplified Sun's tracking collector or even a static collector and used to disinfect the recycled air. Fluid-dynamic and optical simulations have been performed to support the proposed idea. The expected inactivation rates for some airborne pathogens, either common or found on the International Space Station, are reported and compared with the proposed device efficiency. The results show that it is possible to use Ultraviolet solar radiation directly for air disinfection inside the lunar outposts and deliver a healthy living environment to the astronauts.
A Comparison of Injury Criteria Used in Evaluating Seats for Whiplash Protection (2004)

A protocol has been proposed for testing seats for whiplash protection, however injury criteria have not yet been chosen. Assuming that whiplash symptoms arise from non-physiological motions of vertebral segments, we determined the ability of proposed criteria to predict peak individual vertebral displacements. Twenty-eight volunteers were subjected to rear impacts while seated in a car seat with head restraint, mounted onto a sled. Accelerometers were used to record head and torso accelerations. The volunteer data was used as a basis for testing post-mortem human specimens (PMHS). The seat was replaced by a platform onto which was mounted each of 11 cervico-thoracic spines. An instrumented headform was mounted to the upper end of the spine. The head restraint, head-to-restraint geometry, sled, and impact pulse remained the same. Head and T1 accelerations were measured and individual vertebral sagittal (XZ) plane rotations and translations were obtained from high speed video. Proposed injury criteria (NIC, Nkm, Nte, Nd) were tested for their ability to predict average, total, and peak intervertebral displacements. PMHS specimens had chest and head X (horizontal) and Z (vertical) linear accelerations similar to volunteers whose heads hit the head restraint. The best predictors were: Nd shear and peak intervertebral posterior translation (r(2) = 0.80), Nd extension and peak extension angle (r(2) = 0.70), and Nd distraction and peak distraction (r(2) = 0.51). Therefore consideration should be given to a displacement based injury criteria such as Nd in assessment of whiplash protection devices.
Clinical evaluation of an improved cementation technique for implant‐supported restorations: a randomized controlled trial (2015)

Despite the presence of more voids, extraoral cementation reduces cement excess. However, using low adhesivity cement and careful cement removal, a very limited quantity of cement remnants was observed also in the intraoral cementation.
Abstract 277: Diminazene Aceturate, an ACE2 Activator, Decreases AngII-Induced Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor--Deficient Mice (2014)

Objectives: Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) activates angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) both in vitro and in vivo. ACE2 limits angiotensin II (AngII)/angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling through cleavage of AngII to form angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that whole body ACE2 deficiency increased diet-induced atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) deficient mice. The purpose of this study was to determine if administration of DIZE to LDLr-/- mice activates ACE2 to decrease AngII-induced atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: Initial dose ranging studies determined the effects of 7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of DIZE infused subcutaneously by osmotic minipump for 7 days into male LDLr-/- mice. DIZE dose-dependently increased plasma Ang-(1-7) concentrations with significant elevations at 30 mg/kg/day (vehicle, 5.9 ± 0.6; DIZE, 7.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL, p&lt;0.05). Moreover, kidney ACE2 activity increased in mice administered DIZE (30 mg/kg/day) compared to vehicle-injected controls (vehicle, 208 ± 87; DIZE, 1716 ± 424 fmol/mg/min, p&lt;0.05). For optimal dosing, ACE2 wildtype (Ace2+/y) and deficient (Ace2-/y) LDLr-/- mice were administered either vehicle or DIZE by intramuscular injection for a total of 5 weeks. Seven days after initiation of DIZE administration, mice were infused with AngII (1,000 ng/kg/min for 28 days) to induce atherosclerosis. Compared to vehicle, administration of DIZE resulted in significant reductions in atherosclerotic lesion formation in aortic arches of AngII-infused Ace2+/y , but not Ace2-/y mice (vehicle Ace2+/y, 9.8 ± 1.2; DIZE Ace2+/y, 5.8 ± 1.2; DIZE Ace2-/y, 9.2 ± 1.8, p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, compared to vehicle, DIZE lowered serum cholesterol concentrations in Ace2+/y but not Ace2-/y mice (vehicle Ace2+/y, 837 ± 69; DIZE Ace2+/y, 571 ± 41; DIZE Ace2-/y, 774 ± 113 mg/dl, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that DIZE decreased AngII-induced atherosclerosis through an ACE2-dependent mechanism. Mechanisms for DIZE-induced reductions in AngII-induced atherosclerosis may include reductions in serum cholesterol concentrations.
Laser-induced plasma as a function of the laser parameters and the ambient gas (2014)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been invented for more than 50 years, which analyzes the spectrum of the laser-induced plasma to determine the elemental composition of the ablated sample. Recently, LIBS technique has been well developed and applied in different domains, for example oceanic exploration, pollution monitoring in the environment. LIBS uses the ablation plasma as a light source that contains the elemental composition information of the sample. However, the laser-induced plasma exhibits a transient behavior. Although time-resolved and gated detection can greatly improve the performance of the LIBS technique especially that of calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) with a better determination of plasma temperature, the temporal evolution of the plasma is correlated to its morphology and its spatial inhomogeneity. The determination of the morphology as well as the internal structure of the plasma together with their evolution during plasma expansion into the ambient gas is therefore crucial for the optimization of the use of ablation plasma as a spectroscopic emission source. Evolutions of the morphology and the internal structure of the ablation plasma are considered as the consequence of its hydrodynamic expansion into the ambient gas. Following the thesis of Qianli Ma which has studied the effect of laser wavelength on the behavior of the plasma induced in an ambient gas of argon, the present thesis has used the same diagnostic techniques (time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy and fast spectroscopic images) together with 1064 nm ns laser pulse ablation of a target of aluminum to investigate the effects of other parameters, such as the fluence and the duration of laser pulse, the effect of different ambient gases (argon and air), on the morphology and internal structure of the plasma. Furthermore, in order to understand the effects of these parameters on the properties of the plasma, the microscopic mechanisms during post ablation and the propagation of the plasma are also studied. While the plasma cools down in air, molecules are formed, AlO for instance. So the thesis also studied the condition for the formation of the molecules in the plasma. Beyond the practical interest of this study for LIBS, it provides also insights to the kinetics of the AlO molecule formation in laserinduced plasma
Tissue Factor Initiated Blood Coagulation (2006)

Tissue factor (TF) is the cellular receptor and cofactor for blood coagulation factor (F) VII. Exposure of flowing blood to cells that express TF leads to the initiation of blood coagulation. Blood coagulation is tightly regulated to generate a local fibrin clot at the site of vascular injury without compromising blood flow in the vasculature. This chapter describes the initiation and propagation of the response and how it is ultimately down-regulated to prevent widespread inappropriate blood coagulation.
Modeling fracture flow with a stochastic discrete fracture network: calibration and validation: 1. The flow model (1990)

A large‐scale investigation of fracture flow was recently conducted in a granite uranium mine at Fanay‐Augères, France. Its aim was to develop a methodology for the investigation of possible nuclear waste repository sites in crystalline environments, and thus to determine what measurements to make and what models to use in order to predict the flow and transport properties of the medium, i.e., their average behaviors and spatial variabilities at different scales. Four types of data were collected: (1) geometry of the fracture network; (2) local hydraulic properties measured by injection tests in boreholes; (3) global hydraulic behavior from flow rate and piezometric head distribution at a 10 6 m 3 scale; and (4) tracer tests performed at a scale of up to 40 m. A stochastic fracture network model assuming negligible matrix permeability was developed and calibrated essentially on data 1 and 2 above; this was then used to predict data 3 and 4 in an attempt to validate both the parameters and the structure of the model. In this first part, only the flow problem (data 1) is discussed.
Leveraging Sentiment Analysis for Classifying Patient Complaints (2017)

Unsolicited patient complaints expressed in patients' own words provide an evidential basis for identifying and mitigating patient safety and financial risks associated with physicians and other practitioners. Classifying patient complaints is complicated by the complexity of linguistic representation. Current practice relies upon manual classification, which limits scalability. An automatic approach can potentially improve response time and scale, thereby enhancing opportunities to promote physician accountability for safe and respectful care. This research seeks to automate the classification of patient complaints to improve triage and response. We process a corpus of patient complaints data collected by the Patient Advocacy Reporting System (PARS) developed at Vanderbilt and associated institutions. Our method is to map each complaint to a vector based on enhanced Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) lexicons and to train a Naive Bayes classifier over those vectors. We compare it to both Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and the best case results of any classifier over bag of words features. Our classifier outperforms traditional complaint analysis approaches, which disregard sentiment. Our classifier yields 3% greater accuracy overall than traditional approaches. For the SAFETY OF ENVIRONMENT label, our classifier had an accuracy of 84% (compared to 50% for traditional) and a sensitivity of 96% (compared to 0% for traditional). We conclude that patient sentiments conveyed in complaints are often overlooked yet can be valuable in analyzing such complaints to identify and mitigate patient safety and provider financial risks. We demonstrate that inferring the complaint sentiment leads to improved classification accuracy.
Preparation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Simvastatin by Ionic Gelation Technique (2014)

A primary object of using mucoadhesive formulations orally would achieve a substantial increase in the length of stay of the drug in GI tract stability problem in the intestinal fluid can be improved. Mucoadhesive microsphere carrier systems were made from the biodegradable polymers in sustained drug delivery. The objective of the present study is related to the preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of simvastatin by using different polymers like Sodium alginate, HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, Ethyl cellulose, Methyl cellulose, Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Carbopol 940 in different ratios by the Ionic deletion method. The prepared batches of mucoadhesive microspheres of simvastatin were evaluated for the flow properties; drug content, entrapment efficiency, and Percent mucoadhesive property, in vitro dissolution studies of all 12 formulations were performed. From the all batches F10 (Drug: Sod. Alginate: Methyl cellulose 1:2:1) batch is considered to be the most promising formulation batch because among all the batches it shows better extent of drug release 97.11% (8hrs), good entrapment efficiency (78%), and in vitro wash-off test shows the good mucoadhesive property. Simvastatin release from alginate – Methyl cellulose (F10)   was   slow and extended over a period of 8 hrs and these microspheres were found suitable for the oral controlled release formulation.