gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size Optimization of Nanoimprinted-Texture on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell by Three Dimensional Simulation (2014)

It is important to suppress the surface reflectance on the cell, in order to manufacture solar cell with high efficiency. We applied zirconium oxide as a texture material on the surface and investigate the optimal texture structure generating low surface reflectance using Diffract MOD simulator. The texture form was investigated pyramid, pillar, moth eye, and inversed moth eye. The texture height and width were varied from 10 nm to 500 nm. The most optimal structure was a pyramid with a height of 200 nm and a width of 10 nm. This texture structure was a weighted average reflectance of 4.7%. The surface reflectance was very sensitive to the variation of texture height. Pyramid texture structure with a width of 200 nm, while keeping a height fixed, was also near a weighted average reflectance of 4.9%. Moreover, that nanoimprinted-texture cell could significantly increase conversion efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Carboxyalkenylphosphonic and Alkenylbisphosphonic Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Grid connection of large offshore wind farms using HVDC (2005)

Abstract This article describes the use of high‐voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems for connection of large offshore wind farms using doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) to the main grid. HVDC systems based on voltage source converters (VSC transmission) and on line‐commutated converters (LCC HVDC) are discussed. The article describes proposed system configurations, operating principles and controls for the two technologies. PSCAD/EMTDC simulations are presented to demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed systems during variation of generation and onshore AC fault conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Design of a proton computed tomography system for applications in proton radiation therapy (2003)

Proton computed tomography (pCT) has the potential to improve the accuracy of dose calculations for proton treatment planning, and will also be useful for pretreatment verification of patient positioning relative to the proton beam. A design study was performed to define the optimal approach to a pCT system based on specifications for applications in proton therapy. Conceptual and detailed design of a pCT system is presented consisting of a silicon-based particle tracking system and a crystal calorimeter to measure energy loss of individual protons. We discuss the formation of pCT images based on the reconstruction of volume electron density maps and the suitability of analytic and statistical algorithms for image reconstruction.
Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Burst Rapidly Operating Secondary Actuator Applied to Diesel Injection System (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The authors are conducting tests of a newly devised rapidly operating secondary actuator (ROSA) aimed at providing controllable multiple injection. An injection test cell has been constructed. Two test setups are available for both diesel spray visualization and flow rate measurements. Up to six shots per cycle were implemented. A high-speed digital camera was used to have accurate data regarding spray dynamics. Processed data are obtained for liquid jet tip velocity, injection shots duration, and their delay with regard to electric setup. The stability of phasing lies within 50 μs. The shortest injection shot duration is 74 μs, maximum variability of duration is 50 μs.&lt;/div&gt;
The Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor OSU-HDAC42 Has Class I and II Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitory Activity and Represents a Novel Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. (2006)

Abstract Inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) have generated major interest for the treatment of multiple cancers including B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). To date, HDAC inhibitors introduced for clinical development in CLL have been associated either with suboptimal activity relative to concentrations required to mediate cytotoxicity in vitro (Valproic Acid, MS-275, SAHA), or demonstrate unacceptable acute or long-term toxicities (depsipeptide) that limit their clinical potential. Fortunately, several alternative HDAC inhibitors are in pre-clinical or early clinical development. One such agent currently undergoing pre-clinical testing by the National Cancer Institute-sponsored RAID program is OSU-HDAC42 (s-HDAC-42), a novel, orally bioavailable phenylbutyrate-derived HDAC inhibitor with both in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate cancer cells. We therefore tested OSU-HDAC42 against CD19-positive cells obtained from patients with CLL to determine its potential in this disease. The LC50 of OSU-HDAC42 in CLL cells was 0.46 uM at 48 hours of continuous incubation by MTT assay, which was corroborated by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide flow cytometry. To determine the minimum amount of time that OSU-HDAC42 must be present to induce cell death, cells were incubated for various times, washed, resuspended in fresh media without drug, then assessed by MTT at a total of 48 hours incubation. The effects of OSU-HDAC42 were eliminated in CLL cells when drug was removed after 4 or 6 hours. However, there was a gradual increase in effect over time, and by 16 hours, approximately 60% of the cytotoxicity achieved with continuous incubation was retained. OSU-HDAC42 induced acetylation of histone proteins H3 and H4 as early as 4 hours that was dose and time dependent. LC/MS interrogation of OSU-HDAC42-treated CLL cells is currently underway to determine specific post-translational modification changes of all histone proteins and variants. OSU-HDAC42 also was able to sensitize CLL cells to TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) at 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner, supporting its class I HDAC inhibitory activity as recently reported by Inoue and colleagues (Cancer Res.2006; 66:6785). Evidence of class II HDAC inhibitory activity was also observed with OSU-HDAC42 at 12 hours with acetylation of tubulin. Unlike depsipeptide, OSU-HDAC42 activated both caspase-8 and -9 followed by PARP processing. Cell death induced by OSU-HDAC42 was completely inhibited with pre-treatment by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. In vivo experiments are underway to examine the efficacy of OSU-HDAC42 in several murine models of leukemia to confirm in vivo efficacy as well as influence on murine effector cells. Our data strongly support continued investigation of OSU-HDAC42 in CLL and related B-cell malignancies.
Synthesis and Characterization of 4′-Bromomethyl-2-(N-trityl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) Biphenyl (2008)

Abstract Biphenyl tetrazole ring is an important component of the Sartan family of novel drugs. 4′-Bromomethyl-2-(N-trityl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl was synthesized in this article from 4′-methyl-2-cyano-biphenyl through three steps. 4′-Methyl-2-cyano-biphenyl was reacted with azide ions with the help of ammonium chloride as catalyst in an autoclave with high conversion to afford the tetrazole compounds in 70.6% yield. After being protected by the trityl group with 92.6% yield, 4′-methyl-2-(N-trityl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl was brominated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in cyclohexane with 2,2′-azo-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) acting as an initiator to provide the title compound in 83.8% yield.
Polynuclear lanthanide–diketonato clusters for the catalytic hydroboration of carboxamides and esters (2020)

Catalytic reduction of carboxamides into their corresponding amines is an attractive but extremely challenging transformation, which often meets with limited success; the valuable amine products drive ongoing research in this area. Here we show the direct deoxygenation of carboxamides using earth-abundant lanthanum catalysts in the presence of HBpin, presenting good to excellent yields with broad substrate scope and functional group/heteroatom tolerance. Moreover, this method is also effective in catalysing the hydroboration of esters. Finally, selective cleavage of the amide group bonds (C–N versus C–O) could be achieved based on the nature of the nitrogen substituents. Amide reduction via hydroboration is challenging, and catalysts often exhibit limited substrate scope. Here the authors report synthesis of a lanthanum cluster as a catalyst for the hydroboration of esters and amides, capable of reducing a wide range of primary, secondary and tertiary amides to amines.
Estimation of SINR distribution function in clustered wireless sensor networks using statistical distribution modeling (2014)

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), capacity estimation and signal to noise ratio calculation are challenging problems with many research attentions. In this paper, which is a small part of a larger research, we propose two new methods to attain precise and approximation estimation of SINR distribution in WSN. These methods are combinations of probabilistic techniques and clustering approach, incorporating interference as noise in DS-CDMA method without using interference cancelation techniques. Clustering partitions the network to two layers, sensors and Headers. This SINR distribution may lead us to estimate and calculate the WSN's throughput or capacity, which is an important parameter for performance measuring in such networks. Also we have investigated the effect of path-loss as one channel parameter on the SINR distribution, for both network layers.
Portable smart messages for ubiquitous Java-enabled devices (2004)

Recent advances in wireless technology allow Java-enabled devices, such as Smart Phones and PDAs, to create mobile ad hoc networks, over which distributed applications can be executed. Although Java shields the programmers from the heterogeneity of the hardware platforms, a common middleware architecture is needed to support a cooperative execution environment in these networks. In this paper, we present a portable runtime system for smart messages (SMs), a middleware architecture based on execution migration, that we designed and implemented on top of an unmodified Java virtual machine. To facilitate portability, we have designed a lightweight migration mechanism based on Java bytecode instrumentation. This mechanism is suitable for mobile ad hoc networks where limited bandwidth and mobility impose constraints on the amount of data transferred. The experimental results for applications executed over wireless networks of HP iPAQs demonstrate the feasibility of our portable runtime system.
Tailoring translational strength using Kozak sequence variants improves bispecific antibody assembly and reduces product‐related impurities in CHO cells (2020)

Optimal production of bispecific antibodies (bsAb) requires efficient and tailored co-expression and assembly of two distinct heavy and two distinct light chains. Here, we describe a novel technology to modulate the translational strength of antibody chains via Kozak sequence variants to produce bsAb in a single cell line. In this study, we designed and screened a large Kozak sequence library to identify 10 independent variants that can modulate protein expression levels from approximately 0.2 to 1.3-fold compared with the wild-type sequence in transient transfection. We used a combination of several of these variants, covering a wide range of translational strength, to develop stable single cell Chinese hamster ovary bispecific cell lines and compared the results with those obtained from the wild-type sequence. A significant increase in bispecific antibody assembly with a concomitant reduction in the level of product-related impurities was observed. Our findings suggest that for production of bsAb it can be advantageous to modify translational strength for selected protein chains to improve overall yield and product quality. By extension, tuning of translational strength can also be applied to improving the production of a wide variety of heterologous proteins.
Co-delivery of Cisplatin and Rapamycin for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy through Synergistic Effects and Microenvironment Modulation (2014)

[Image: see text] The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the tumor’s progression and metastasis. Therefore, successful alteration of this delicate setting against the tumor’s favor can open a window for therapeutic efficacy. We have developed a modality to bring about treatment-induced alterations in the tumor microenvironment by employing the synergistic effects between two drugs. Co-delivery of rapamycin (RAPA), an mTOR inhibitor that may offer notable therapy through antiangiogenic activity, alongside cisplatin can foster significant potency as RAPA sensitizes A375 melanoma cells to cisplatin therapy through microenvironment modulation. However, encapsulation of these drugs into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs was inefficient due to the incompatibility between the two free drugs and the polymer matrix. Here, we show cisplatin can be made hydrophobic by coating a nanoprecipitate (cores) of the drug with dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA). These DOPA coated cisplatin cores are compatible with PLGA and can be coencapsulated in PLGA NPs alongside RAPA at a molar ratio to promote synergistic antitumor activity. The presence of the cisplatin cores significantly improved the encapsulation of RAPA into PLGA NPs. Furthermore, PLGA NPs containing both cisplatin cores and RAPA induced significant apoptosis on A375-luc human melanoma cells in vitro. Additionally, they inhibited the growth of A375-luc melanoma in a xenograft tumor model through modulation of the tumor vasculature and permitted enhanced penetration of NPs into the tumor.
Are labels informative in semi-supervised learning? -- Estimating and\n leveraging the missing-data mechanism (2023)

Semi-supervised learning is a powerful technique for leveraging unlabeled\ndata to improve machine learning models, but it can be affected by the presence\nof ``informative'' labels, which occur when some classes are more likely to be\nlabeled than others. In the missing data literature, such labels are called\nmissing not at random. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address\nthis issue by estimating the missing-data mechanism and using inverse\npropensity weighting to debias any SSL algorithm, including those using data\naugmentation. We also propose a likelihood ratio test to assess whether or not\nlabels are indeed informative. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the\nproposed methods on different datasets, in particular on two medical datasets\nfor which we design pseudo-realistic missing data scenarios.\n
Development and Scale-Up of the Electrochemical Dehalogenation for the Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for NS5A Inhibitors (2015)

The electrochemical 2-fold dehalogenation of a spirocyclopropane-proline derivative at leaded bronze was scaled-up in a divided batch-type electrolysis cell in good yield and excellent selectivity. The upscaling via a flow electrolysis cell was also successful. Conditions were elaborated employing a single cell passage for complete conversion. The keys here are the direct cooling of the cathode and ensuring a good laminar flow.
Refractive-type varifocal liquid-crystal Fresnel lenses for smart contacts (2023)

We demonstrate the implementation of a low-power, low-profile, varifocal liquid-crystal Fresnel lens stack suitable for tunable imaging in smart contact lenses. The lens stack consists of a high-order refractive-type liquid crystal Fresnel chamber, a voltage-controlled twisted nematic cell, a linear polarizer and a fixed offset lens. The lens stack has an aperture of 4 mm and thickness is ∼980 µm. The varifocal lens requires ∼2.5 V<sub>RMS</sub> for a maximum optical power change of ∼6.5 D consuming electrical power of ∼2.6 µW. The maximum RMS wavefront aberration error was 0.2 µm and the chromatic aberration was 0.008 D/nm. The average BRISQUE image quality score of the Fresnel lens was 35.23 compared to 57.23 for a curved LC lens of comparable power indicating a superior Fresnel imaging quality.
MEK inhibition is selectively toxic to the genetically defined poor prognosis subset of multiple myeloma overexpressing the c-maf oncogene (2008)

LB-197 Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells characterized by varied oncogenic events. One initiating oncogene is c-maf, a transcription factor that is translocated in 10% of cases, but is transcriptionally upregulated in nearly half of myelomas. The necessity of c-maf in myelomas overexpressing c-maf has been established, but the mechanism of its transcriptional upregulation remains unknown. We discovered that transcriptional upregulation of c-maf occurs more frequently in cases harboring the MMSET/FGFR3 translocation. Both the MAF and the MMSET molecular subgroups have been associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesize that c-maf overexpression is a site for molecular targeting therapeutically. Analysis of c-maf overexpressors indicates c-maf is regulated by MAPK signaling downstream of the MEK-ERK pathway. The c-maf locus contains a region in the promotor and one in the intron that are highly conserved across 17 species, thus suggesting the location of important regulatory elements. MEK inhibition decreased histone acetylation in both regions, and downregulated c-maf mRNA. ERK activation is known to modulate AP-1 transcription factors; we found that the DNA-binding ability of both c-fos and c-jun to the AP-1 consensus sequence was diminished upon MEK inhibition. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, c-fos was bound to the c-maf promoter in myeloma cells and MEK inhibition decreased this interaction. Re-introduction of c-maf cDNA under an exogenous promoter rescued myeloma cell lines from death induced by MEK inhibition. These genetic and functional data demonstrate that the MEK-ERK pathway regulates c-maf transcription. Our findings provide molecular rationale for clinical studies focused at MAPK interruption in this unique poor-prognostic subset of multiple myeloma overexpressing c-maf.
Efficient Synthesis of Thiopyrans Using a Sulfur‐Enabled Anionic Cascade (2012)

Das fünfte Element: Eine effiziente Methode zur Eintopfsynthese von 3,6-Dihydro-2H-thiopyranen 1 wurde entwickelt. Die Methode nutzt eine anionische Kaskade, die durch die Addition eines Vinyl-Nucleophils an eine Carbonylgruppe ausgelöst wird, gefolgt von der S→O-Wanderung des Thiophosphats und einer intramolekularen Thiolatverdrängung. Die Anwendungsbreite wird an einer Reihe von Keton- und Estersubstraten demonstriert.
Bibliographic update work. Dental pulp sensory function. Pain. (2011)

Dental pulp is a soft connective tissue type that thanks to its components can fulfill a number of vital functions to the tooth. Within these, the sensory function is of great interest since there is a close relationship between histomolecular tissue changes and clinical manifestations of odontogenic pain. To think about the painful history that the patient reports, knowing the tissue level events, helps to arrive to a correct diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis.\n\nThe aim of this paper is to focus the bibliographic tracking in the series of mechanisms involved in the manifestation of pain. To achieve this it will be necessary to deepen in the sensory nerve fibers of the dental pulp and in the biomolecular processes that take place tounleash the response to the painful stimulus.
Application of DNA flow cytometry from paraffin‐embedded tissue to the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (1991)

The distinction of mycosis fungoides from benign inflammatory lesions is sometimes difficult by conventional histological techniques. Aneuploidy, a feature often associated with malignant tumors, can be assessed even in tissue routinely processed in paraffin using the flow cytometric technique of Hedley and associates. In many tumor systems, there are significant diploid clones. We have evaluated the flow cytometric DNA ploidy of paraffin-embedded tissue in the diagnosis and prognosis of mycosis fungoides (MF). We studied 22 cases of MF and 10 control cases of inflammatory skin lesions with epidermal involvement. Aneuploidy was found in 27% of the MF cases, but in none of the controls (ED). Aneuploid features were seen in 23% of tissues from early stage disease. Aneuploidy did not correlate with atypia, epidermotropism, or number of mitoses. There was a trend towards showing adverse outcome in those patients with aneuploid lesions. The detection of aneuploidy might be helpful for early diagnosis of MF.
Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of Simulium squamosum (2021)

Relatively low O. volvulus infection rates appear to be offset by extremely high densities of biting black flies which are sustaining transmission along the banks of the lower Mbam river.
Interaction of a lateral jet with the projectile external flow (2000)

Some flying vehicles are equipped with lateral jet systems to produce lateral forces and moments on the body in order to control and change its flight trajectory during the flight cycle. The application of this technology to projectiles flying in the low atmosphere is studied at ISL in close cooperation with TZN. Experimental investigations concerning the interaction between a lateral hot jet and the external flow of an axisymmetric projectile are carried out in the ISL shock tube. Interferogram pictures of the flow field near the lateral jet are taken at small angles of attack. A jet perpendicular to the body axis and a forward tilted jet are studied. The flow conditions of a projectile flying at a Mach number of about 4.5 at ground level conditions and at altitude conditions of about 7 km are reproduced in the shock tube. Numerical investigations are performed for a cold and a hot jet in order to predict their efficiency. The steady-state flow field around the jet-controlled projectile is computed by means of a 3D compressible turbulent code. This code is founded on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the k-s turbulence model. The boundary conditions of the upstream flow are similar to those of the shock tube. Those of the jet flow are imposed from numerical simulations performed by TZN. The results show a satisfactory agreement between the experiment and the numerical simulations. CDO Cp n D h H KF KM k Mf Mi Mj P Pfi Pr, 9} RP,
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) independently predicts mortality in critically ill patients admitted to ICU: A multicenter study (2018)

BUN is associated with hospital mortality and a combination of BUN and clinical signs might constitute a powerful but easy-to-use tool for risk stratification in critically ill patients and help improve their outcome. BUN was not associated with parameters of microcirculation which were not associated with mortality.
Optical magnetic response without metamaterials (2021)

One of the main achievements of metamaterials research has been the development of structured matter exhibiting optical magnetism: first, in an array of microwave split-ring resonators and, soon after, in plasmonic and dielectric metamaterials at THz to visible frequencies. We show here that metamaterial structuring is not necessary to achieve optical magnetic response. Indeed, such a response is an essential characteristic of homogeneous dielectric thin films—Fabry–Pérot resonances, for example, depend on interference among electromagnetic multipoles including the magnetic dipole.