gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Estimation of the Unsteady Aerodynamic Force Applied to a Turret in Flight (2013)

The spatially-temporally-resolved pressure field on a surface of a hemisphere-on-cylinder optical turret was characterized in a wind tunnel at M = 0.33 using fast-response Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP), simultaneously with 8 pressure sensors. A sparse unsteady pressure field was also obtained in-flight for subsonic speeds of M = 0.5 on the Airborne Aero-Optical Laboratory (AAOL) using 26 unsteady pressure sensors. Using the unsteady pressure data from PSP tests, the unsteady forces acting on the turret in the tunnel were calculated and discussed for different turret geometries and window viewing angles. Unsteady forces and moments acting on the turret in-flight were estimated using Linear Stochastic Estimation for different turret geometries and speeds and compared to the tunnel results. Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition dominant surface pressure modes responsible for unsteady forces were identified and discussed.
An epitope-based malaria vaccine targeting the junctional region of circumsporozoite protein (2021)

A malaria vaccine that elicits long-lasting protection and is suitable for use in endemic areas remains urgently needed. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy of a vaccine targeting a recently described epitope on the major surface antigen on Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Using a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine platform technology, we developed a vaccine that targets the junctional region between the N-terminal and central repeat regions of CSP. This region is recognized by monoclonal antibodies, including mAb CIS43, that have been shown to potently prevent liver invasion in animal models. We show that CIS43 VLPs elicit high-titer and long-lived anti-CSP antibody responses in mice and is immunogenic in non-human primates. In mice, vaccine immunogenicity was enhanced by using mixed adjuvant formulations. Immunization with CIS43 VLPs conferred partial protection from malaria infection in a mouse model, and passive transfer of serum from immunized macaques also inhibited parasite liver invasion in the mouse infection model. Our findings demonstrate that a Qβ VLP-based vaccine targeting the CIS43 epitope combined with various adjuvants is highly immunogenic in mice and macaques, elicits long-lasting anti-CSP antibodies, and inhibits parasite infection in a mouse model. Thus, the CIS43 VLP vaccine is a promising pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate.
The Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) profile of Phytophthora agathidicida and its potential use as diagnostic tool (2021)

Abstract Phytophthora diseases cause devastation to crops and native ecosystems worldwide. In New Zealand, Phytophthora agathidicida is threatening the survival of kauri, an endemic, culturally and ecologically important tree species. The current method for detecting P. agathidicida is a soil bating assay that is time-consuming and requires high levels of expertise to assess, thus limiting the analytical sample throughput. Here, we characterized the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of P. agathidicida . We also compared it with the FAME profile of P. cinnamomi and assessed the efficacy of FAME analysis as a diagnostic tool for detecting the pathogen in soil samples. In FAME analysis, the total fatty acid content is isolated from a sample and converted to FAMEs for analysis, a process that takes less than a day. Unique fatty acid acyl chains can serve as biomarkers for specific organisms. We detected 12 fatty acids in P. agathidicida , two of which (20:4ω6 and 20:5ω3) show promise as potential Phytophthora specific biomarkers. Collectively, these findings advance our fundamental understanding of P. agathidicida biology and provide a promising technique to increase the rate of sample processing and the speed of pathogen detection for P. agathidicida in soil.
Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting gastrointestinal parasite resistance in an experimental Angus population (2013)

DNA markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting host tolerance to gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infection are ideal targets for marker-assisted selection. However, few studies in cattle have attempted to identify this type of QTL due to the difficulty of generating accurate phenotypic data from a resource population with adequate statistical power for detection. For this effort, we amassed fecal egg count (FEC) measures from annual natural field challenges with GI nematodes that spanned 12 different contemporary groups of Angus calves (1992-2000) derived from a closed breeding population. FEC and blood pepsinogen measures were taken weekly over a 26-week period post-weaning, and the FEC data were Box-Cox transformed to normalize the distribution of phenotypes. These 305 test animals and more than 100 founding animals from the extended pedigree were genotyped across 190 microsatellites markers. The genome-wide analyses identified a suggestive genome-wide QTL on bovine chromosome (Chr) 8 (P < 0.002) and nominal QTL on Chr 4, 12 and 17 (P < 0.05). These findings were unique for cattle, and some corresponded to previously identified QTL locations for parasite-related traits in sheep to provide genome locations for further fine mapping of parasite resistance/susceptibility in Angus cattle.
Learning feature relevance and similarity metrics in image databases (2002)

Most of the current image retrieval systems use "one-shot" queries to a database to retrieve similar images. Typically a K-NN (nearest neighbor) kind of algorithm is used where the weights of the features that are used to represent images remain fixed (or manually tweaked by the user) in the computation of a given similarity metric. However, neither all of the features are equally important for a given query nor a similarity metric is optimal for all kinds of images in a database. The manual adjustment of these weights and the selection of similarity metric are exhausting. Moreover, they require a very sophisticated user. The authors present a novel image retrieval system that continuously learns the weights of features and selects an appropriate similarity metric based on the user's feedback given as positive or negative image examples. Experimental results are presented that provide the objective evaluation of learning behavior of the system for image retrieval.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Fluorous and Nonfluorous Aryl and Alkyl Iodine(III) Dichlorides: New Chlorinating Reagents that are Easily Recycled using Biphasic Protocols (2009)

Fluorous aryl and alkyl iodine(III) dichlorides of the formulas (R(fn)(CH(2))(3))(2)C(6)H(3)ICl(2) (R(fn) = CF(3)(CF(2))(n-1); n = 8 for 3,5-disubstituted and n = 6, 8, 10 for 2,4-disubstituted) and R(fn)CH(2)ICl(2) (n = 8, 10) are prepared in 71-98% yields by reactions of Cl(2) and the corresponding fluorous iodides. These are effective reagents for the conversions of cyclooctene to trans-1,2-dichlorocyclooctene, anisole to 4-chloro- and 2-chloroanisole, 4-tert-butylphenol to 2-chloro-4-tert-butylphenol, PhCOCH(2)COPh to PhCOCHClCOPh, and PhCOCH(3) to PhCOCH(2)Cl and PhCOCHCl(2) (CH(3)CN, rt to 40 degrees C, 100-64% conversions). The chlorinated products and fluorous iodide coproducts are easily separated by organic/fluorous liquid/liquid biphase workups. The latter are obtained in 97-90% yields and reoxidized with Cl(2). Analogous chlorinations are conducted with 3-Cl(2)IC(6)H(4)COOH (16) and 4,4'-Cl(2)IC(6)H(4)C(6)H(4)ICl(2). With the former, the products and coproduct 3-IC(6)H(4)COOH (91-85% recoveries) are easily separated by organic/aqueous NaHCO(3) liquid/liquid biphase workups. The coproduct from the latter, 4,4'-IC(6)H(4)C(6)H(4)I, is insoluble in common organic solvents, allowing separation by liquid/solid phase workups (91-89% recoveries). The effect of the structure of the iodine(III) dichloride upon reactivity is analyzed in detail. The fluorous systems with R(f8) substituents are generally superior, but 16 is more reactive and gives higher selectivities.
Real Time Multiscale Rendering of Dense Dynamic Stackings (2020)

Abstract Dense dynamic aggregates of similar elements are frequent in natural phenomena and challenging to render under full real time constraints. The optimal representation to render them changes drastically depending on the distance at which they are observed, ranging from sets of detailed textured meshes for near views to point clouds for distant ones. Our multiscale representation use impostors to achieve the mid‐range transition from mesh‐based to point‐based scales. To ensure a visual continuum, the impostor model should match as closely as possible the mesh on one side, and reduce to a single pixel response that equals point rendering on the other. In this paper, we propose a model based on rich spherical impostors, able to combine precomputed as well as dynamic procedural data, and offering seamless transitions from close instanced meshes to distant points. Our approach is architectured around an on‐the‐fly discrimination mechanism and intensively exploits the rough spherical geometry of the impostor proxy. In particular, we propose a new sampling mechanism to reconstruct novel views from the precomputed ones, together with a new conservative occlusion culling method, coupled with a two‐pass rendering pipeline leveraging early‐Z rejection. As a result, our system scales well and is even able to render sand, while supporting completely dynamic stackings.
3D convolutional neural network for differentiating pre-invasive lesions from invasive adenocarcinomas appearing as ground-glass nodules with diameters ≤3 cm using HRCT (2018)

The 3D CNN-based classification algorithm is a promising tool for the diagnosis of pre-invasive and invasive lung cancer and for the treatment choice decision.
Crystal Structure of Toxoplasma gondii Porphobilinogen Synthase (2011)

Porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) is essential for heme biosynthesis, but the enzyme of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (TgPBGS) differs from that of its human host in several important respects, including subcellular localization, metal ion dependence, and quaternary structural dynamics. We have solved the crystal structure of TgPBGS, which contains an octamer in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Crystallized in the presence of substrate, each active site contains one molecule of the product porphobilinogen. Unlike prior structures containing a substrate-derived heterocycle directly bound to an active site zinc ion, the product-bound TgPBGS active site contains neither zinc nor magnesium, placing in question the common notion that all PBGS enzymes require an active site metal ion. Unlike human PBGS, the TgPBGS octamer contains magnesium ions at the intersections between pro-octamer dimers, which are presumed to function in allosteric regulation. TgPBGS includes N- and C-terminal regions that differ considerably from previously solved crystal structures. In particular, the C-terminal extension found in all apicomplexan PBGS enzymes forms an intersubunit β-sheet, stabilizing a pro-octamer dimer and preventing formation of hexamers that can form in human PBGS. The TgPBGS structure suggests strategies for the development of parasite-selective PBGS inhibitors.
SIC and Wavelet Software Video Codecs (1998)

In order to achieve low bit rate transmission of video data, compression techniques are needed. Segmented image coding (SIC) and wavelet are two relatively new but powerful techniques used for compression of still images and/or video. The low complexity of these compression techniques allows software implementation on general purpose processors. A SIC and a wavelet compression algorithm, proprietary of the IRIS dept. of the VUB, were implemented in software on a Pentium II platform. The wavelet codec allows real time encoding/decoding of colour images, while nearly real time performance is demonstrated by the SIC decoder. However, the SIC encoder runs much slower, due to its higher computational complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Nitrone, 2‐Phenyl‐5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline N‐ Oxide (nitronyl‐13C), for Enhanced Radical Addend Recognition and Spin Adduct Persistence. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phosphorus metabolism in the brain of cognitively normal midlife individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (2022)

Phosphorus spectroscopy in the brain can be performed with high repeatability. Phosphorus metabolism varies with region and age, and is related to glucose uptake in adults at risk for AD. Phosphorus spectroscopy may be a valuable approach to study early changes in brain energetics in high-risk populations.
LAT Region Factors Mediating Differential Neuronal Tropism of HSV-1 and HSV-2 Do Not Act in Trans (2012)

After HSV infection, some trigeminal ganglion neurons support productive cycle gene expression, while in other neurons the virus establishes a latent infection. We previously demonstrated that HSV-1 and HSV-2 preferentially establish latent infection in A5+ and KH10+ sensory neurons, respectively, and that exchanging the latency-associated transcript (LAT) between HSV-1 and HSV-2 also exchanges the neuronal preference. Since many viral genes besides the LAT are functionally interchangeable between HSV-1 and HSV-2, we co-infected HSV-1 and HSV-2, both in vivo and in vitro, to determine if trans-acting viral factors regulate whether HSV infection follows a productive or latent pattern of gene expression in sensory neurons. The pattern of HSV-1 and HSV-2 latent infection in trigeminal neurons was no different following co-infection than with either virus alone, consistent with the hypothesis that a trans-acting viral factor is not responsible for the different patterns of latent infection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in A5+ and KH10+ neurons. Since exchanging the LAT regions between the viruses also exchanges neuronal preferences, we infected transgenic mice that constitutively express 2.8 kb of the LAT region with the heterologous viral serotype. Endogenous expression of LAT did not alter the pattern of latent infection after inoculation with the heterologous serotype virus, demonstrating that the LAT region does not act in trans to direct preferential establishment of latency of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Using HSV1-RFP and HSV2-GFP in adult trigeminal ganglion neurons in vitro, we determined that HSV-1 and HSV-2 do not exert trans-acting effects during acute infection to regulate neuron specificity. Although some neurons were productively infected with both HSV-1 and HSV-2, no A5+ or KH10+ neurons were productively infected with both viruses. Thus, trans-acting viral factors do not regulate preferential permissiveness of A5+ and KH10+ neurons for productive HSV infection and preferential establishment of latent infection.
A Transformational Journey from Unstructured Geoscience Data to a Digital Analytical Experience (2020)

Summary The automated standardization of legacy datasets can facilitate the generation of valuable new insights, when consumed within a business intelligence platform. Where the digital transformation in the energy services sector has successfully led to the automation of data gathering and interpretation processes, a geoscientist’s time can be freed up to undertake the more valuable interpretive tasks that are so vital in understanding subsurface geology. A recent advancement in managing data that has significantly helped with this transition has been the adoption of business intelligence and analytics platforms to produce advanced visualizations and automated analysis. This presentation and article focusses on a recent example of this process in action where play cross sections in an unstructured PDF format are processed for use within an analytical platform.
The CLU-files: disentanglement of a mystery (2015)

The multifaceted protein clusterin (CLU) has been challenging researchers for more than 35 years. The characterization of CLU as a molecular chaperone was one of the major breakthroughs in CLU research. Today, secretory clusterin (sCLU), also known as apolipoprotein J (apoJ), is considered one of the most important extracellular chaperones ever found. It is involved in a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological functions, where it exerts a cytoprotective role. Descriptions of various forms of intracellular CLU have led to further and even contradictory functions. To untangle the current state of knowledge of CLU, this review will combine old views in the field, with new discoveries to highlight the nature and function of this fascinating protein(s). In this review, we further describe the expression and subcellular location of various CLU forms. Moreover, we discuss recent insights into the structure of CLU and assess how structural properties as well as the redox environment determine the chaperone activity of CLU. Eventually, the review connects the biochemistry and molecular cell biology of CLU with medical aspects, to formulate a hypothesis of a CLU function in health and disease.
Improved determination of cobalt in steel by x‐ray fluorescence analysis (1986)

Abstract A method for improving the determination of cobalt as a minor element in steel specimens is reported. A line overlap correction for the contribution of the Fe Kβ background on the Co Kα peak plus inter‐element matrix corrections is necessary in the determination of Co when standards of varying matrix compositions are used. Co was determined in several NBS SRM steels and values were found that agreed with the certificate values to within 5% relative error in the range 0.005–0.40 wt‐% cobalt.
Decreased Functional Connectivity and Disturbed Directionality of Information Flow in the Electroencephalography of Intensive Care Unit Patients with Delirium after Cardiac Surgery (2014)

Loss of α band functional connectivity, decreased path length, and increased δ band connectivity directed to frontal regions characterize the electroencephalography during delirium after cardiac surgery. These findings may explain why information processing is disturbed in delirium.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Metal Carbene Transformations with Polyethylene‐Bound Soluble Recoverable Dirhodium(II) 2‐Pyrrolidone‐5(S)‐carboxylates. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supramolecular network formation through inclusion complexation of an α-cyclodextrin-based molecular tube (2000)

The supramolecular network formation through inclusion complexation between α-cyclodextrin-based molecular tube (MT) and poly(ethylene oxide) monocetylether-graft-dextran (5C16PEO-g-Dex40) was demonstrated. From isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) measurement, it was confirmed that MT formed an inclusion complex with two C16PEO side chains in 5C16PEO-g-Dex40. From viscosity measurements, the specific viscosity of the solution containing MT and 5C16PEO-g-Dex40 was much larger than that containing 5C16PEO-g-Dex40. It is considered that MT participates in the supramolecular network formation of 5C16PEO-g-Dex40 through inclusion complexation with two C16PEOs grafted to independent Dex40s.
Performance of Formate Based Drilling Fluids for Gas Hydrates Drilling in Deep Water (2009)

Abstract Marine gas hydrates have now become a hotspot of energy resource researches. Drilling is indispensable when exploring and exploiting gas hydrates existing in deep water. But it will be confronted with more complicated safe problems than that of the conventional marine oil &amp; gas drilling. Drilling fluid is the crux of gas hydrates drilling and its performance is extremely important to the well-off drilling. The hydrates inhibition and low-temperature stability of formate based drilling fluids as well as effect of hydrates inhibitors on the fluids were evaluated elementarily by the experimental system of gas-hydrate integrative simulation (ESGHIS). The results show that a basic system of formate based drilling fluids, which composed of seawater,3% HCOONa, 3%SK-2, 0.2%KPAM,0.1%LV-PAC, 2%SMP-2 and 0.3% modified starch, has a good performance stability under low temperature environment(−5°C −15°C °C). Adding NaCl and KCl, thermodynamic inhibitors, has little effect on the rheology properties of the basic system, while PVP(K30), a dynamic inhibitor, has a great effect on those. The basic system has a low ability of hydrates inhibition when they are used in deep water over 1400m. Low dosage of PVP(K30) can improve increasingly the hydrate inhibition of the basic system, and the suitable concentration is about 0.5%. Therefore, the formate based drilling fluids which contain high concentration of salts and low dosage of hydrate inhibitors, can meet the needs of gas hydrates drilling in the deep water.
Root environment is a key determinant of fungal entomopathogen endophytism following seed treatment in the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (2016)

The common bean is the most important food legume in the world. We examined the potential of the fungal entomopathogens <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> applied as seed treatments for their endophytic establishment in the common bean. Endophytic colonization in sterile sand:peat averaged ca. 40% higher for fungus treatments and ca. six times higher for volunteer fungi (other fungal endophytes naturally occurring in our samples), relative to sterile vermiculite. Colonization by <i>B. bassiana</i> and <i>M. anisopliae</i> was least variable in sterile vermiculite and most variable in sterile soil:sand:peat. The impact of soil sterilization on endophytic colonization was assessed in a separate experiment using six different field-collected soils. Soil sterilization was the variable with the largest impact on colonization (70.8% of its total variance), while the fungal isolate used to inoculate seeds explained 8.4% of the variance. Under natural microbial soil conditions experienced by common bean farmers, seed inoculations with <i>B. bassiana</i> and <i>M. anisopliae</i> are unlikely to yield predictable levels of endophytic colonization.
Inertial storage for satellites (1984)

A new system is being developed that performs satellite attitude control, attitude reference, and energy storage utilizing inertia wheels. The baseline approach consists of two counter rotating flywheels suspended in specially designed magnetic bearings, spin axis motor/generators, and a control system. The control system regulates the magnetic bearings and spin axis motor/generators and interacts with other satellite subsystems (photovoltaic array, star trackers, Sun sensors, magnetic torquers, etc.) to perform the three functions. Existing satellites utilize separate subsystems to perform attitude control, provide attitude reference, and store energy. These functions are currently performed using reaction or momentum wheels, gyros, batteries, and devices that provide an absolute reference (Sun sensors and star trackers). A Combined Attitude, Reference, and Energy Storage (CARES) system based on high energy density inertial energy storage wheels (flywheels) has potential advantages over existing technologies. Even when used only for energy storage, this system offers the potential for substantial improvements in life, energy efficiency, and weight over existing battery technologies. Utilizing this same device for both attitude control and attitude reference would result in significant additional savings in overall satellite weight and complexity.