gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent intraperitoneal infusion of peptide YY(3-36) reduces daily food intake and adiposity in obese rats. (2007)

Peptide YY(3-36) [PYY(3-36)] is a gut-brain peptide that decreases food intake when administered by intravenous infusion to lean and obese humans and rats. However, chronic administration of PYY(3-36) by osmotic minipump to lean and obese rodents produces only a transient reduction in daily food intake and weight gain. It has recently been shown that 1-h intravenous infusions of PYY(3-36) every other hour for 10 days produced a sustained reduction in daily food intake, body weight, and adiposity in lean rats. Here, we determined whether intermittent delivery of PYY(3-36) can produce a similar response in diet-induced obese rats. During a 21-day period, obese rats (body fat >25%) received twice daily intraperitoneal infusion of vehicle (n = 18) or PYY(3-36) (n = 24) during hours 1-3 and 7-9 of the dark period. Rats had free access to both a 45% fat solid diet and a 29% fat liquid diet; intakes were determined from continuous computer recording of changes in food container weights. To sustain a 15-25% reduction in daily caloric intake, the initial PYY(3-36) dose of 30 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) was reduced to 10 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) on day 10 and then increased to 17 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1) on day 13. This dosing strategy produced a sustained reduction in daily caloric intake of 11-32% and prevented body weight gain (8 +/- 6 vs. 51 +/- 11 g) and fat deposition (4.4 +/- 7.6 vs. 41.0 +/- 12.8 g). These results indicate that intermittent intraperitoneal infusion of PYY(3-36) can produce a sustained reduction in food intake and adiposity in diet-induced obese rodents consuming palatable high-fat foods.
Enhancing 802.11 carrier sense for high throughput and QoS in dense user settings (2012)

The distributed coordination function (DCF) for 802.11 medium access control (MAC) leads to poor spatial spectral reuse and results in low user throughput in dense user settings. In this paper, we consider simple modifications to the carrier sense mechanism that substantially improve the bits/sec/Hz/area, without increasing transceiver complexity. For 802.11g and 802.11ac, we augment the CTS with channel gain information and modify the virtual and physical carrier sense for the duration of NAV in the CTS. In addition, we consider a roughly synchronized network with alternate control and data transmission phases. During the control phase, a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) MAC is used to exchange a few RTS-CTS messages in a local network neighborhood to determine the transmission scheme in the ensuing data phase. Our methods enable the application of signal to interference and noise (SINR) based scheduling algorithms to WiFi networks resulting in tremendous increase in throughput and QoS/fairness.
Extracellular matrix phenotype of rat mesangial cells in culture. Biosynthesis of collagen types I, III, IV, and V and a low molecular weight collagenous component and their regulation by dexamethasone. (1990)

Rat glomerular cells were cultured in vitro to evaluate their collagen phenotype. The enriched epithelial cell population that grew out from glomeruli in the initial stages of culture primarily synthesized type IV collagen. By 14 days, mesangial cell proliferation occurred with a coordinate change in collagen phenotype, after which time these cells mainly synthesized type I collagen and lesser amounts of types III, IV, and V collagens. In addition to the standard collagens, mesangial cells synthesized and accumulated in their extracellular matrix a small molecular weight collagenous protein that accounted for 16.6% of the total radioactivity incorporated into extracellular matrix proteins. This short-chain collagen, with an approximate molecular mass of 70,000 (70 kd), appears to be a unique product of mesangial cells. Collagen biosynthesis by the mesangial cells was down-regulated by dexamethasone in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 10(-6) mol/L dexamethasone reduced synthesis of type I and type IV collagens by about 37% and 24%, respectively. Steady-state levels of the corresponding procollagen messenger RNAs were diminished in dexamethasone-treated mesangial cells. This effect of glucocorticoid was found to be specific because dexamethasone did not affect biosynthesis and secretion of noncollagenous proteins.
Detection of the 15‐acetate of prostaglandin E2 methyl ester as a prominent component of the prostaglandins in the gorgonian coral Plexaura homomalla (2002)

15R-Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) methyl ester 15-acetate (1) was isolated from the R-variety of the Caribbean sea whip coral Plexaura homomalla collected in the Florida Keys. It was present in coral samples from separate collections in 2-10% of the abundance of the major prostaglandin component, PGA2 methyl ester 15-acetate. The structure of 1 was assigned based on one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR, HPLC, and LC-MS analyses. A sample of the S-variety of P. homomalla was found to contain a similar abundance of the corresponding 15S product, prostaglandin E2 methyl ester 15-acetate. The significance of PGE acetylation is discussed in relation to the proposed mechanism of PGA synthesis in the coral.
PPR-FCN: Weakly Supervised Visual Relation Detection via Parallel Pairwise R-FCN (2017)

We aim to tackle a novel vision task called Weakly Supervised Visual Relation Detection (WSVRD) to detect "subject-predicate-object" relations in an image with object relation groundtruths available only at the image level. This is motivated by the fact that it is extremely expensive to label the combinatorial relations between objects at the instance level. Compared to the extensively studied problem, Weakly Supervised Object Detection (WSOD), WSVRD is more challenging as it needs to examine a large set of regions pairs, which is computationally prohibitive and more likely stuck in a local optimal solution such as those involving wrong spatial context. To this end, we present a Parallel, Pairwise Region-based, Fully Convolutional Network (PPR-FCN) for WSVRD. It uses a parallel FCN architecture that simultaneously performs pair selection and classification of single regions and region pairs for object and relation detection, while sharing almost all computation shared over the entire image. In particular, we propose a novel position-role-sensitive score map with pairwise RoI pooling to efficiently capture the crucial context associated with a pair of objects. We demonstrate the superiority of PPR-FCN over all baselines in solving the WSVRD challenge by using results of extensive experiments over two visual relation benchmarks.
Simple techniques for the generation of high peak power pulses with nanosecond and subnanosecond rise times (1996)

A simple method of generating high peak power pulses with nanosecond rise times is described. This method is based on the use of a drift step recovery diode (DSRD) in an inductive-capacitive storage circuit. A method for sharpening the rise time of the pulses generated using the DSRD to the subnanosecond range is also described. Experimental results show that pulses can be generated with amplitudes of 1.7 kV (into 50 Ω), rise times in the hundreds of picoseconds, and repetition rates of 10 kHz.
Effects of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on autonomic nervous system activity during atypical antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia (2018)

We suggest that ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms affect aripiprazole-related ANS dysfunction but do not affect risperidone-, olanzapine-, or quetiapine-related ANS dysfunction.
Experiments on the development of non‐oxidizing fluxes for continuous steel casting (1991)

An attempt has been made to eliminate easily reducible oxide components, such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , alkaline oxides and Fe 2 O 3 and thereby exclude oxygen sources from casting fluxes. The new casting fluxes are based on CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, SrO with limited amounts of alkaline and alkaline earth fluorides. Melting behaviour, viscosity, Al 2 O 3 solubility and wear of submerged nozzles is essentially the same as that of conventional casting fluxes. The new fluxes also tend to undergo glassy solidification.
Knowledge driven Offline to Online Script Conversion (2015)

The problem of offline to online script conversion is a challenging and an ill-posed problem. The interest in offline to online conversion exists because there are a plethora of robust algorithms in online script literature which can not be used on offline scripts. In this paper, we propose a method, based on heuristics, to extract online script information from offline bitmap image. We show the performance of the proposed method on a real sample signature offline image, whose online information is known.
Automated detection of microaneurysms using robust blob descriptors (2013)

International audience
Sulfur Dioxide: Sulfite (1971)

Abstract The chemistry of sulfite-bisulfite (the hydrate of sulfur dioxide in mammalian plasma and serum was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The longevity of sulfite in contact with mammalian plasma and known components of blood was determined by adaptation of a colorimetric method for sulfite analysis. Evidence from all experiments indicated that, under physiological conditions, sulfite reacts reversibly with disulfide bonds present in the plasma resulting in formation of S-sulfonates (sulfitolysis). Free sulfite was not detected in plasma of rabbits immediately following exposure to approximately 25 ppm SO2, but there was good evidence for substantial elevation of plasma and serum S-sulfonate content. Reactivity of sulfite with plasma constituents may protect many body tissues from the insult of relatively high concentrations of sulfite and may facilitate prolonged exposure to very low levels of sulfite.
An information theoretic approach to adaptive system training using unlabeled data (2006)

Traditionally, supervised learning is performed with pairwise input-output labelled data. After the training procedure, the adaptive system weights are fixed and the system is tested with unlabelled data. Recently, exploiting the unlabeled data to improve classification performance has been proposed in the machine learning community. In this paper, we present an information theoretic approach based on density divergence minimization to obtain an extended training algorithm using unlabeled data during testing. The simulations for classification problems suggest that our method can improve the performance of adaptive system in the application phase.
Optimal policies for M/M/m queue with two different kinds of (N, T)-policies (2000)

In this paper, two different kinds of (N, T)-policies for an M/M/m queueing system are studied. The system operates only intermittently and is shut down when no customers are present any more. A fixed setup cost of K > 0 is incurred each time the system is reopened. Also, a holding cost of h > 0 per unit time is incurred for each customer present. The two (N, T)-policies studied for this queueing system with cost structures are as follows: (1) The system is reactivated as soon as N customers are present or the waiting time of the leading customer reaches a predefined time T, and (2) the system is reactivated as soon as N customers are present or the time units after the end of the last busy period reaches a predefined time T. The equations satisfied by the optimal policy (N*, T*) for minimizing the long-run average cost per unit time in both cases are obtained. Particularly, we obtain the explicit optimal joint policy (N*, T*) and optimal objective value for the case of a single server, the explicit optimal policy N* and optimal objective value for the case of multiple servers when only predefined customers number N is measured, and the explicit optimal policy T* and optimal objective value for the case of multiple servers when only predefined time units T is measured, respectively. These results partly extend (1) the classic N or T policy to a more practical (N, T)-policy and (2) the conclusions obtained for single server system to a system consisting of m (m ≥ 1) servers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 240–258, 2000
A Human Homologue of the Yeast Replication Protein Cdc21 (1995)

We present the amino acid sequence of the human homologue of the yeast replication protein Cdc21, a member of the Mcm family of nuclear proteins. Specific antibodies, raised against protein hCdc21, were used to investigate the expression of the protein through the cell cycle. The protein is highly phosphorylated in mitotic cells. The phosphorylated form of protein hCdc21 appears to be less tightly bound to nuclear structures than the underphosphorylated form suggesting that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions may determine the nuclear distribution of the protein. Protein hCdc21 forms a stable trimeric complex with two novel human Mcm proteins, p85Mcm and p105Mcm. Protein BM28/Mcm2 is more loosely associated with the trimeric hCdc21 complex.
The Second-Shell Metal Ligands of Human Arginase Affect Coordination of the Nucleophile and Substrate (2010)

The active sites of eukaryotic arginase enzymes are strictly conserved, especially the first- and second-shell ligands that coordinate the two divalent metal cations that generate a hydroxide molecule for nucleophilic attack on the guanidinium carbon of l-arginine and the subsequent production of urea and l-ornithine. Here by using comprehensive pairwise saturation mutagenesis of the first- and second-shell metal ligands in human arginase I, we demonstrate that several metal binding ligands are actually quite tolerant to amino acid substitutions. Of >2800 double mutants of first- and second-shell residues analyzed, we found more than 80 unique amino acid substitutions, of which four were in first-shell residues. Remarkably, certain second-shell mutations could modulate the binding of both the nucleophilic water/hydroxide molecule and substrate or product ligands, resulting in activity greater than that of the wild-type enzyme. The data presented here constitute the first comprehensive saturation mutagenesis analysis of a metallohydrolase active site and reveal that the strict conservation of the second-shell metal binding residues in eukaryotic arginases does not reflect kinetic optimization of the enzyme during the course of evolution.
A null mutation in the first enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis does not affect male fertility in Arabidopsis. (1996)

Flavonoids are a major class of secondary metabolites that serves a multitude of functions in higher plants, including a recently discovered role in male fertility. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis plants deficient in flavonoid biosynthesis appear to be fully fertile. Using RNA gel blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction-based assays, we have shown that a mutation at the 3' splice acceptor site in the Arabidopsis chalcone synthase gene completely disrupts synthesis of the active form of the enzyme. We also confirmed that this enzyme, which catalyzes the first step of flavonoid biosynthesis, is encoded by a single-copy gene. HPLC analysis of whole flowers and stamens was used to show that plants homozygous for the splice site mutation are completely devoid of flavonoids. This work provides compelling evidence that despite the high levels of these compounds in the pollen of most plant species, flavonoids are not universally required for fertility. The role of flavonoids in plant reproduction may therefore offer an example of convergent functional evolution in secondary metabolism.
Algorithms for polynomial GCD computation over algebraic function fields (2004)

Let L be an algebraic function field in k ≥ 0 parameters t;1;, ..., t;k;. Let f;1;, f;2; be non-zero polynomials in L[x]. We give two algorithms for computing their gcd. The first, a modular GCD algorithm, is an extension of the modular GCD algorithm of Brown for Z[x;1;,...,x;n;] and Encarnacion for Q(α)[x] to function fields. It is uses rational number and rational function reconstruction and trial division. The second, a fraction-free algorithm, is a modification of the Moreno Maza and Rioboo algorithm for computing gcds over triangular sets. The modification reduces coefficient growth in L to be linear. We show how to extend the modular GCD algorithm to work when the minimal polynomial for L is not irreducible. We give an empirical comparison of the two algorithms using implementations in Maple.
In situ detection of a virulence factor mRNA and 16S rRNA inListeria monocytogenes (1998)

Simultaneous in situ analysis of the structure and function of bacterial cells present within complex communities is a key for improving our understanding of microbial ecology. A protocol for the in situ identification of Listeria spp. using fluorescently tagged, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was developed. Ethanol fixation and enzymatic pretreatment with lysozyme and proteinase K were used to optimize whole cell hybridization of exponential phase and stationary phase Listeria spp. cells. In parallel, transcript probes carrying multiple digoxigenin molecules were combined with anti-digoxigenin Fab antibody fragments labeled with horseradish peroxidase to detect, via the catalytic deposition of fluorescein-tyramide, the iap-mRNA in single Listeria monocytogenes cells. The iap gene encodes the associated virulence factor p60. Application of the new signal amplification technique resulted in strong signals comparable in intensity to those obtained with fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes.
Semantic Analysis on Medical Images: A Case Study (2006)

Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems, as secondopinion assistance to radiologists, are being developed. However, the lack of semantic information at the image processing stage is expected to limit the ultimate performance of such CAD systems. A solution can be provided by a specific medical domain terminology, which contains several concepts that describe features of abnormalities and the relationships (properties) between these concepts; as such is well readable by both human beings (radiologists) and machine agents (CAD systems). Here we investigate a specific ontology and provide a clear evaluation based on string and Description Logic (DL). The results provide a clear understanding of semantic medical image analysis with which CAD systems are expected to improve their performance.
Advances in fluorescent protein technology (2007)

Current fluorescent protein (FP) development strategies are focused on fine-tuning the photophysical properties of blue to yellow variants derived from the Aequorea victoria jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) and on the development of monomeric FPs from other organisms that emit in the yellow-orange to far-red regions of the visible light spectrum. Progress toward these goals has been substantial, and near-infrared emitting FPs may loom over the horizon. The latest efforts in jellyfish variants have resulted in new and improved monomeric BFP, CFP, GFP and YFP variants, and the relentless search for a bright, monomeric and fast-maturing red FP has yielded a host of excellent candidates, although none is yet optimal for all applications. Meanwhile, photoactivatable FPs are emerging as a powerful class of probes for intracellular dynamics and, unexpectedly, as useful tools for the development of superresolution microscopy applications.
Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Vecuronium-induced Twitch Depression (1997)

More rapid equilibration between plasma and laryngeal adductor vecuronium concentrations explains why onset is more rapid at the laryngeal adductors than at the adductor pollicis. During recovery, both rapid equilibration and lesser sensitivity of the laryngeal adductors contribute to earlier recovery.
An investigation of camera movements and capture techniques on optical flow for real-time rendering and presentation (2023)

Abstract New and interesting uses for portable devices include the creation and viewing of 3D models and 360-degree photos of real landscapes. To provide a 3D model and a 360-degree view of a scenario, these apps search for real-time rendering and presentation. This study examines the impact of real-time image processing on movements in camera view and the application of optical flow algorithms. The optical flows are affected by how the objects involved motion. The way the image is recorded and the camera movements affect the relative motion. As a consequence, camera motions are responsive to optical flow algorithms. To record an image, the camera may pan around, move in a straight path, or move randomly. We have captured datasets of videos produced in different contexts to better replicate real-world scenarios. Each dataset was captured in a variety of illumination situations, camera movements, and indoor and outdoor recording sites. Here, to determine the most effective optical flow algorithms for use in near real-time applications, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, we compare results based on quality and processing delay for each video frame. We conducted a comparison study to better understand how random camera motion affects real-time video processing. These methods can be used to handle a variety of real-world issues, such as object tracking, video segmentation, structure from motion, gesture tracking, and so on.
Grain Scale Straining Processes during High Temperature Compression of a PM Disk Alloy (2008)

Microstructural-scale straining processes that occur during high temperature compression of powder-consolidated nickel-based superalloy Ren 88DT at 1050C (1925F) have been studied. A high temperature strain mapping technique has been utilized to quantify grain-level strain accumulation. Orientation imaging has also been employed to study grain-level straining and dislocation storage. Two distinct straining mechanisms were observed. At low strain rates grain boundary sliding dominates while intragranular plastic deformation is observed during high rate compression. Stored strain and microstructural evolution are dependent on strain rate during compression. At low strain rates superplastic deformation occurs with low levels of stored strain and some grain growth. At high strain rates dynamic recrystallization occurs along with higher levels of stored strain within selected grains, particularly those at the high end of the grain size distribution. Dynamic recrystallization results in grain refinement and flow stress softening, which all occur when misorientation within individual grains exceeds a level of approximately 5.
Specificity for Fibroblast Growth Factors Determined by Heparan Sulfate in a Binary Complex with the Receptor Kinase (1999)

A divalent cation-dependent association between heparin or heparan sulfate and the ectodomain of the FGF receptor kinase (FGFR) restricts FGF-independent trans-phosphorylation and supports the binding of activating FGF to self-associated FGFR. Here we show that in contrast to heparin, cellular heparan sulfate forms a binary complex with FGFR that discriminates between FGF-1 and FGF-2. FGFR type 4 (FGFR4) in liver parenchymal cells binds only FGF-1, whereas FGFR1 binds FGF-1 and FGF-2 equally. Cell-free complexes of heparin and recombinant FGFR4 bound FGF-1 and FGF-2 equally. However, in contrast to FGFR1, when recombinant FGFR4 was expressed back in epithelial cells by transfection, it failed to bind FGF-2 unless heparan sulfate was depressed by chlorate or heparinase treatment. Isolated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) from liver cells in cell-free complexes with FGFR4 restored the specificity for FGF-1 and supported the binding of both FGF-1 and FGF-2 when complexed with FGFR1. In contrast, FGF-2 bound equally well to complexes of both FGFR1 and FGFR4 formed with endothelial cell-derived HSPG, but the endothelial HSPG was deficient for the binding of FGF-1 to both FGFR complexes. These data suggest that a heparan sulfate subunit is a cell type- and FGFR-specific determinant of the selectivity of the FGFR signaling complex for FGF. In a physiological context, the heparan sulfate subunit may limit the redundancy among the current 18 FGF polypeptides for the 4 known FGFR.