gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPECTRUM: a software defined predictable many-core architecture for LTE baseband processing (2019)

Wireless communication standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) are rapidly changing to support the high data rate of wireless devices. The physical layer baseband processing has strict real-time deadlines, especially in the next-generation applications enabled by the 5G standard. Existing base station transceivers utilize customized Digital Signal Processing (DSP) cores or fixed-function hardware accelerators for physical layer baseband processing. However, these approaches incur significant non-recurring engineering costs and are inflexible to newer standards or updates. Software programmable processors offer more adaptability. However, it is challenging to sustain guaranteed worst-case latency and throughput at reasonably low-power on shared-memory many-core architectures featuring inherently unpredictable design choices, such as caches and network-on chip. We propose SPECTRUM, a predictable software defined many-core architecture that exploits the massive parallelism of the LTE baseband processing. The focus is on designing a scalable lightweight hardware that can be programmed and defined by sophisticated software mechanisms. SPECTRUM employs hundreds of lightweight in-order cores augmented with custom instructions that provide predictable timing, a purely software-scheduled on-chip network that orchestrates the communication to avoid any contention and per-core software controlled scratchpad memory with deterministic access latency. Compared to a many-core architecture like Skylake-SP (average power 215W) that drops 14% packets at high traffic load, 256-core SPECTRUM by definition has zero packet drop rate at significantly lower average power of 24W. SPECTRUM consumes 2.11x lower power than C66x DSP cores+accelerator platform in baseband processing. SPECTRUM is also well-positioned to support future 5G workloads.
An Overview of Tractor/Trailer Simulation at the NADS (2007)

The NADS models and cab for a class 8 tractor/trailer have recently been reviewed, enhanced, and implemented for a NHTSA study. A panel from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) reviewed the status of the NADS simulation capabilities and made several recommendations for improving its fidelity and realism. This paper is devoted to describing recent enhancements made to the models, visuals, and cab to address the recommendations from the FMCSA review, with a general introduction to the tractor/trailer model. In addition, some capabilities were added to support a NHTSA study on braking that was completed in early 2007. One of the noted problems was a lack of synchronicity between the transmission and engine model running locally on the cab computer (CFS), and the transmission and engine model running under vehicle dynamics (VDS). This was addressed by porting the CFS model into VDS, to obtain completely synchronous simulations. Another noted problem was the lack of accurate trailer visualization, which was addressed up to the current capabilities of the NADS visual system. Other enhancements include new brake model data, validation of the steering system and brake pedal feel, and a new vibration model providing motion feel through the hexapod and dome vibration actuators. In conclusion, the work to provide a realistic tractor/trailer simulation experience is ongoing; with the current state-of-the-art being appropriate and sufficient for certain types of heavy truck studies.
Immunocytochemical identification of low-affinity NTS2 neurotensin receptors in parietal cells of human gastric mucosa (2006)

The biological effects of neurotensin (NT) are mediated by two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, NTS 1 and NTS 2 . Although it is well established that neurotensin inhibits gastric acid secretion in man, the plasma membrane receptor mediating these effects has not been visualized yet. We developed and characterized a novel antipeptide antibody to the carboxy-terminal region of the human NTS 2 receptor. The cellular and subcellular distribution of NTS 2 receptors was evaluated in various human gastrointestinal tissues. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by (1) detection of a broadband migrating at M r 90 000–100 000 in Western blots of membranes from NTS 2 -expressing tissues; (2) cell-surface staining of NTS 2 -transfected cells; (3) translocation of NTS 2 receptor immunostaining after agonist exposure; and (4) abolition of tissue immunostaining by preadsorbtion of the antibody with its immunizing peptide. In the gastrointestinal tract, NTS 2 receptor immunoreactivity was highly abundant in parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, in neuroendocrine cells of the stomach small and large intestine, and in cells of the exocrine pancreas. NTS 2 receptors were clearly located in the plasma membrane and uniformly present on nearly all target cells. The presence of NTS 2 receptors was rarely detected in human tumors. This is the first localization of NTS 2 receptors in human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues at the cellular level. The abundant expression of low-affinity NTS 2 receptors on the plasma membrane of human parietal cells provides a morphological substrate for the direct inhibition of gastric acid secretion observed after i.v. administration of neurotensin.
Alkene Reactions: The Xu/Loh Synthesis of Vitamin A1 (2017)

Abdolreza Rezaeifard and Maasoumeh Jafarpour of the University of Birjand devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10036) an easily-scaled protocol for the Mo-catalyzed “on water” epoxidation of an alkene 1 to 2, using molecular O₂. Needing to epoxidize the sensitive alkene 3 to 5, Douglass F. Taber of the University of Delaware developed (Org. Synth. 2013, 90, 350) a convenient preparation of mmol quantities of the versa­tile oxidant dimethyldioxirane 4. Robert H. Grubbs of Caltech showed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9751) that the Wacker oxidation of internal alkenes could proceed with high regioselectivity, as exemplified by the conversion of 6 to 7. David A. Nicewicz of the University of North Carolina demonstrated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10334) the remarkable anti-Markovnikov addition of the acid 9 to the alkene 8, to give 10. Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx and Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink of the University of Utrecht established (Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 15012) a robust one-pot protocol for epoxidation, epoxide hydrolysis and periodate cleavage, for the net oxidative cleav­age of the alkene 11 to the aldehydes 12 and 13. Tomoki Ogoshi of Kanazawa University observed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3742) that permanganate with a phase transfer catalyst could selectively oxidize the linear alkene 14 to 15 in the presence of branched alkenes. Davood Azarifar of Bu-Ali Sina University devised (Synlett 2013, 24, 1377) the reagent 17 as a useful alternative to ozone, as illustrated by the oxidation of 16 to 18. Ning Jiao of Peking University effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11692) the unsymmetrical cleavage of the alkene 19 to the nitrile aldehyde 20. Tiow-Gan Ong of the Academia Sinica added (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5358) 22 to the alkene 21 to give the linear product 23. This could be hydrolyzed to the acid, or reduced and hydrolyzed to the aldehyde. Joost N. H. Reek of the University of Amsterdam isomerized (ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 2939) the terminal alkene of 24 to the internal alkene, then hydroformylated that directly to give the α-methyl branched alde­hyde 25.
Validation of cochlear implant electrode localization techniques (2018)

Cochlear implants (CIs) are standard treatment for patients who experience sensorineural hearing loss. Although these devices have been remarkably successful at restoring hearing, it is rare to achieve natural fidelity, and many patients experience poor outcomes. Our group has developed image-guided CI programming techniques (IGCIP), in which image analysis techniques are used to locate the intra-cochlear position of CI electrodes to determine patient-customized settings for the CI processor. Clinical studies have shown that IGCIP leads to significantly improved outcomes. A crucial step is the localization of the electrodes, and rigorously quantifying the accuracy of our algorithms requires dedicated datasets. In this work, we discuss the creation of a ground truth dataset for electrode position and its use to evaluate the accuracy of our electrode localization techniques. Our final ground truth dataset includes 26 temporal bone specimens that were each implanted with one of four different types of electrode array by an experienced Otologist. The arrays were localized in conventional CT images using our automatic methods and manually in high resolution &mu;CT images to create the ground truth. The conventional and &mu;CT images were registered to facilitate comparison between automatic and ground truth electrode localization results. Our technique resulted in mean errors of 0.13mm in localizing the electrodes across 26 cases. Our approach successfully permitted characterizing the accuracy of our methods, which is critical to understand their limitations for use in IGCIP.
Viral Entry Inhibitors Targeted to the Membrane Site of Action (2010)

The fusion of enveloped viruses with the host cell is driven by specialized fusion proteins to initiate infection. The "class I" fusion proteins harbor two regions, typically two heptad repeat (HR) domains, which are central to the complex conformational changes leading to fusion: the first heptad repeat (HRN) is adjacent to the fusion peptide, while the second (HRC) immediately precedes the transmembrane domain. Peptides derived from the HR regions can inhibit fusion, and one HR peptide, T20 (enfuvirtide), is in clinical use for HIV-1. For paramyxoviruses, the activities of two membrane proteins, the receptor-binding protein (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [HN] or G) and the fusion protein (F), initiate viral entry. The binding of HN or G to its receptor on a target cell triggers the activation of F, which then inserts into the target cell and mediates the membrane fusion that initiates infection. We have shown that for paramyxoviruses, the inhibitory efficacy of HR peptides is inversely proportional to the rate of F activation. For HIV-1, the antiviral potency of an HRC-derived peptide can be dramatically increased by targeting it to the membrane microdomains where fusion occurs, via the addition of a cholesterol group. We report here that for three paramyxoviruses-human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), a major cause of lower respiratory tract diseases in infants, and the emerging zoonotic viruses Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which cause lethal central nervous system diseases-the addition of cholesterol to a paramyxovirus HRC-derived peptide increased antiviral potency by 2 log units. Our data suggest that this enhanced activity is indeed the result of the targeting of the peptide to the plasma membrane, where fusion occurs. The cholesterol-tagged peptides on the cell surface create a protective antiviral shield, target the F protein directly at its site of action, and expand the potential utility of inhibitory peptides for paramyxoviruses.
A unique binding epitope for salvinorin A, a non‐nitrogenous kappa opioid receptor agonist (2006)

Salvinorin A is a potent kappa opioid receptor (KOP) agonist with unique structural and pharmacological properties. This non-nitrogenous ligand lacks nearly all the structural features commonly associated with opioid ligand binding and selectivity. This study explores the structural basis to salvinorin A binding and selectivity using a combination of chimeric and single-point mutant opioid receptors. The experiments were designed based on previous models of salvinorin A that locate the ligand within a pocket formed by transmembrane (TM) II, VI, and VII. More traditional sites of opioid recognition were also explored, including the highly conserved aspartate in TM III (D138) and the KOP selectivity site E297, to determine the role, if any, that these residues play in binding and selectivity. The results indicate that salvinorin A recognizes a cluster of residues in TM II and VII, including Q115, Y119, Y312, Y313, and Y320. Based on the position of these residues within the receptor, and prior study on salvinorin A, a model is proposed that aligns the ligand vertically, between TM II and VII. In this orientation, the ligand spans residues that are spaced one to two turns down the face of the helices within the receptor cavity. The ligand is also in close proximity to EL-2 which, based on chimeric data, is proposed to play an indirect role in salvinorin A binding and selectivity.
System Level Architecture Exploration for Reconfigurable Systems On Chip (2006)

During the last years, a new type of systems-on-chip called, reconfigurable systems-on-chip (RSoCs), has appeared. The design of such systems is a complex task and requires innovative methods to support the development process. In this paper, the authors present two alternative approaches for the efficient architecture exploration of RSoCs, based on SystemC language and on OCAPI-xl environment. The approaches introduced, allow early evaluation of alternative mappings of system's functionality onto different architectures. As a result, the time consuming iterations from lower design stages are eliminated and reduced design time is achieved. The paper proves the effectiveness of the proposed approaches through three different case studies, borrowed from complementary domains
Jointly iterative channel estimation and data detection for cyclic-prefixed block transmission over time-varying channels (2007)

Various forms of cyclic-prefixed block transmission have been considered for signal transmission over multipath fading channels. Among them the most well-known is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, or OFDM. Whatever the form, such systems usually transmit many known pilots to assist channel estimation and data detection. We consider receiver techniques that can help improve the bandwidth efficiency by reducing the needed amount of pilots. In particular, we consider using only a block of pilots as the preamble. Then the receiver tracks the channel variation via jointly iterative channel estimation and data detection. It uses a frequency-domain equalizer to reduce the complexity. Simulations show that the tracking ability of the proposed method is good.
Centralized Service Capability Interaction Manager (SCIM) architecutre to support dynamic-blended services in IMS network (2008)

Major success factor for the futuristic IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based network is dynamically delivering a blend of one or more services simultaneously to the end-users based on their preferences and context. Such blended services, can range from triple play to dynamic context based services. To deliver such services 3GPP introduces a functional block called SCIM (service capability interaction manager). SCIM works at the service delivery layer and provides a capability to interact across various service capabilities and thereby enabling a framework to deliver a blended service. However to the best of authorspsila knowledge 3GPP has not detailed the roles and responsibilities of SCIM though it has envisioned its need. Moreover, the architectural details (distributed and centralized) of SCIM are kept open for finalization by scientific community or organization-based. In this paper, authors have presented a novel internal architecture for a centralized-SCIM to cater the needs of blended services in IMS networks. Authors study the proposed SCIM architecture by demonstrating a dynamic blended service. In this approach a blended service is represented in the form of an acyclic service graph where each node in the graph represents a service capability. Centralized-SCIM would choose one of the paths in the service graph dynamically resulting in delivering blended service. To demonstrate such functionality a typical use case related to a media, entertainment and content provider enterprise have been chosen. The call flow diagram for the proposed use case has been discussed.
Possible enhancements of a seamless redundancy protocol and its benefits for open power system applications (2010)

IEC 62439-3 is a standard that specifies bumpless redundancy especially in the case of multiple communication failures. Whilst designed specifically for power system applications connected in ring topologies the specification bears an import beyond that of its initial topology domain that of ring based communication structures. As an example, the smart grid initiative taking place in the power system community will lead power system and other applications share common communication medium and devices. This means a scope of operation that covers the aspect of network load and the efficient coupling of rings. In this paper, we present the main concepts of both profiles and discuss their application in an open environment.
Estimation of cementless femoral stem stability using an impact hammer (2020)

International audience
Suppression of synchronous resonance for VSGs (2017)

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is an attractive interfacing technique for high‐penetration renewable generation. By incorporating the inertia control, the grid‐connected voltage‐source converter can behave in a similar way with the SGs, which is helpful to enhance the stability of the power system. However, it is reported that the synchronous frequency resonance (SFR) can be aroused in the VSG due to the resonance peaks in the power control loops at the fundamental frequency. By modelling the power control loop in the dq domain, the mechanism underlying the SFR is studied. It reveals the frequency shift of the grid impedance in dq frame is the origin of SFR. Moreover, the phase‐amplitude cross‐regulation scheme is proposed to suppress the SFR. In this way, the resonance peaks in the power control loops are completely removed, and the coupling effects between the active power and reactive power loops are also eliminated. Therefore, superior power control performances can be achieved. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis and both dynamic performance and stability of the power loops are greatly improved by the proposed cross‐regulation scheme.
Electrical and structural characterization of a single GaSb∕InAs∕GaSb quantum well grown on GaAs using interface misfit dislocations (2008)

Interface misfit formation has been used for the growth of high mobility GaSb∕InAs single quantum wells (SQW) formed on GaAs substrates. The SQW structure was topped with 800Å GaSb, followed by 100Å GaSb:Si (5×108cm−3), 10nm GaSb, 10nm InAs, and finally 250nm GaSb on a GaAs substrate. The structural quality was examined using high resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Reciprocal space mapping indicated that the GaSb was completely relaxed. A high resolution x-ray rocking curve showed good agreement between the proposed structure and the simulation, assuming that all layers were relaxed to the GaSb lattice, and clearly showed interference fringing from individual layers. Atomic force microscopy showed the film appeared textured, and that the final growth occurred by step flow growth. The observed peak-to-peak roughness was 7nm over a 100×100μm2 square area. Plane view transmission electron microscopy analysis showed a nearly regular array of Lomer dislocations responsible for the relaxation of the strain in the two films. The mobility of the SQW was measured as a function of temperature. The room temperature mobility was 13900cm2∕Vs and a peak mobility of 25200cm2∕Vs was observed at ∼60K, and remained nearly constant at lower temperatures. The sheet concentration was 2.3×1012∕cm2 at room temperature, and dropped to 7.35×1011∕cm2 at 60K. Magnetoresistance measurements revealed the presence of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations at 1.2K; indicating the presence of a good quality two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Further support for the high quality of the 2DEG is provided by the observation of sharply defined quantum Hall plateaus.
A Facile Approach to Bis(isoxazoles), Promising Ligands of the AMPA Receptor (2021)

A convenient synthetic approach to novel functionalized bis(isoxazoles), the promising bivalent ligands of the AMPA receptor, was elaborated. It was based on the heterocyclization reactions of readily available electrophilic alkenes with the tetranitromethane-triethylamine complex. The structural diversity of the synthesized compounds was demonstrated. In the electrophysiological experiments using the patch clamp technique on Purkinje neurons, the compound 1,4-phenylenedi(methylene)bis(5-aminoisoxazole-3-carboxylate) was shown to be highly potent positive modulator of the AMPA receptor, potentiating kainate-induced currents up to 70% at 10<sup>-11</sup> M.
Evaluation of Aegle marmelos (Bael) for Anti-inflammatory Activity in Rats (2008)

The objective of the study was to evaluate Aegle marmelos in the treatment of acute inflammation produced experimentally in rats. For acute studies carrageenin induced rat paw oedema model was used. The animals were treated with aqueous extract of Aegle mannelos with aspirin as standard drug. The percent inhibition of acute inflammation after administration of Aegles marmelos leaves extract (200mg/kg B.W.) was highly significant (p<0.01) compared to aspirin as a standard drug. It was concluded that Aegle mannelos posseses anti-inflammatory activity.
Potential-induced Degradation for Encapsulated n-type IBC Solar Cells with Front Floating Emitter (2015)

Studying encapsulated n-type interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells with front floating emitter (FFE) we observe a power degradation mechanism which behaves similar to the PID-p degradation for n-typeIBC solar cells with front surface field described in or for bifacial n-typesolar cells in . This power drop is not shunt-related and arises as loss of short circuit current and open circuit voltage in analogy to the findings in . The power degradation occurs when biasing FFE-IBC minimodules with negative potential against the ground and can be fully regenerated by reversing the polarity of the bias potential. The susceptibility to PID for our IBC minimodules depends on the encapsulation material to higher or lesser extent; until now no material was identified which can totally prevent PID. Bifacial IV measurements and EL recordings let us conclude that the PID we observe is non-local and causes a homogenous degradation of the front surface of the solar cell. Silvaco Atlas simulations show that a total loss of surface passivation is not sufficient to explain the effect.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Photochemistry. III. Primary Processes in the Vacuum Ultraviolet Photolysis of Water and Ammonia (1962)

Water and ammonia have each been photolyzed in the absence and presence of C2D4 which served to scavenge H atoms. Wavelengths used were: for ammonia, 1849 and 1236 A; for water, 1236 A. Under conditions where H atoms are efficiently scavenged by C2D4, the production of H2 signifies a primary photochemical process giving molecular H2 directly. It is found that at 1849 A, ammonia decomposes almost entirely to H+NH2. At 1236 A, two primary processes are observed. (a)NH3→H2+NH,(b)NH3→H+NH2.Process (a) is about ⅙ as probable as process (b). At 1236 A, the photolysis of water proceeds via two primary processes. (c)H2O→H+OH,(d)H2O→H2+O.The probability of process (c) being three times that of process (d). It is suggested that primary process (d) constitutes a reasonable photochemical mechanism for hydrogen formation in the earth's upper atmosphere.