gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low leakage stoichiometric SrTiO3 dielectric for advanced metal–insulator–metal capacitors (2016)

Metal–insulator–metal capacitors (MIMCAP) with stoichiometric SrTiO 3 dielectric were deposited stacking two strontium titanate (STO) layers, followed by intermixing the grain determining Sr‐rich STO seed layer, with the Ti‐rich STO top layer. The resulted stoichiometric SrTiO 3 would have a structure with less defects as demonstrated by internal photoemission experiments. Consequently, the leakage current density is lower compared to Sr‐rich STO which allow further equivalent oxide thickness downscaling. Schematic of MIMCAP with stoichiometric STO dielectric formed from bottom Sr‐rich STO and top Ti‐rich STO after intermixing during crystallization anneal. magnified image Schematic of MIMCAP with stoichiometric STO dielectric formed from bottom Sr‐rich STO and top Ti‐rich STO after intermixing during crystallization anneal. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp;Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated log-periodic antenna for terahertz applications (2009)

Planar antenna has special advantages in terahertz applications; it can easy integrate other devices such diodes and SIS. Logperiodic antenna is a type of classical wide-band antenna. But planar antenna has characteristics of low gain and wide beam, and these often become disadvantages. To integrate a horn and back cavity with planar antenna is a good way overcome these disadvantages. MEMS (Micro-electromechanical Systems) technology has its benefits to manufacture very small size devices, and the accuracy can be achieved micron level. In this paper, a novel integrated log-periodic antenna at 0.9 THz totally based on MEMS technology was proposed. This kind antenna maintains the advantage of wide bandwidth of log-periodic and also has good radiation performance. The processing of this type horn antenna combine two kind MEMS techniques, silicon dry etching and silicon dry etch,. The main superiority of this kind integrated antenna is that it has more tunable parameters than other type MEMS-based antennas. From the results of analysis, we can see that integrated antennas meet demands of different applications can be well designed by optimizing these parameters.
BulkCommit (2013)

To help improve the programmability and performance of shared-memory multiprocessors, there are proposals of architectures that continuously execute atomic blocks of instructions --- also called Chunks. To be competitive, these architectures must support chunk operations very efficiently. In particular, in a large manycore with lazy conflict detection, they must support efficient chunk commit.
Anionic conducting oxide ceramics: Microstructure - property relations of BiCuVOx ceramics. Final report (1996)

The bismuth vanadate composition, Bi4V2O11, is the parent compound for a new family of oxygen ion conductors. The substitution of various metallic ions for vanadium stabilizes the high temperature gamma-phase and leads to a series of compounds which possess the highest oxygen ion conductivities observed for temperatures below 400 deg C. This paper reports the first studies on the processing, densification and transport properties of copper-doped bismuth vanadate ceramics. Phase-pure materials with densities above 95% of theoretical were obtained using standard ceramic processing approaches. Ionic conductivities in the range of 1 x 10(exp {minus}2) S/cm at 400 deg C were observed for a variety of sintered samples.
A 64-Gb/s 4-PAM Transceiver Utilizing an Adaptive Threshold ADC in 16-nm FinFET (2018)

A 64-Gb/s 4-pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) transceiver fabricated with a 16-nm fin field effect transistor (FinFET) technology is presented with a power consumption that scales with link loss. The transmitter (TX) includes a three-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) (one pre and one post) achieving a level separation mismatch ratio (RLM) of 99% and a random jitter (RJ) of 162-fs rms. The maximum swing is 1.1 Vppd at a power consumption of 89.7 mW including clock distribution from a 1.2-V supply, corresponding to 1.39 pJ/bit. The receiver analog front end (RX-AFE) consists of a half-rate (HR) sampling continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) and 6-bit flash (1-bit folding) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) capable of non-uniform quantization. The non-uniform thresholds are selected based on a greedy search approach which allows the RX to reduce power at low channel loss in a highly granular manner and achieves better bit error rate (BER) than a uniform quantizer. For a channel with -8.6-dB loss at Nyquist, ADC can be configured in 2-bit mode, achieving BER <; 1e - 6 at an RX-AFE power consumption of 100 mW. For a -29.5-dB loss channel, the RX-AFE consumes 283.9 mW and achieves a BER <; 1e - 4 in conjunction with a software digital equalizer. For a -13.5-dB loss channel, a greedy search is used to optimize the quantization threshold levels, achieving an order of magnitude improvement in BER compared to uniform quantization.
Fluorinated Analogues of Liquid Crystals 1. Analogues of 4-Methoxybenzylidene-4'-Butylaniline with Perfluorinated Alkyl- and Alkoxy-Groups (1980)

Abstract For the first time the MBBA analogues comprising of perfluorinated methoxy- and/or n-butyl groups have been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties have been studied. It has been shown that introduction of fluorine atoms into at least one of the substituents causes the appearance of a smectic mesophase, and that the compound comprised of both CF3O and n-C4F9- groups possesses no mesomorphic properties.
Role of Inflammasomes in Salmonella Infection (2011)

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in both the detection of pathogens and the activation of the innate immune system. Nod-like receptors (NLR) family members are cytosolic PRRs that sense bacterial products or endogenous danger signals. Recent evidence suggests that NLRs contribute to the detection of Salmonella through the activation of inflammasomes, molecular platforms that promotes the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. During enteric Salmonella infection the activation of caspase-1 and the production of IL-1β and IL-18 result in a protective host response. In macrophages, the activation of caspase-1 induced by Salmonella is mainly mediated by the NLR family member NLRC4 that senses cytosolic flagellin. Recent data suggest that an effective innate immune response against Salmonella requires the engagement of multiple inflammasomes in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell lineages. Further understanding of the innate immune response mediated by inflammasomes should provide new insights into the mechanisms of host defense and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Anaerobic Digesters for Manure Management at Livestock Operations (2014)

Livestock wastes can be important sources of nutrients for crops, but manure must be managed properly to prevent loss of nutrients to the environment in air or ground and/or surface water. Stabilization of manure is important prior to successfully recycling the organic material back to arable lands. Methods for stabilizing livestock wastes include composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization, and heat drying. The stabilization process reduces the organic matter and water contents, unpleasant odors, concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, and weed seeds. Anaerobic digestion (AD), which is the topic of this fact sheet, also results in the production of renewable energy in the form of methane-rich biogas. This 10-page fact sheet informs farmers and Extension agents about types of anaerobic digester systems used in the United States with various manure-handling systems. It points out digester systems currently being used in Florida and the benefits of managing livestock manure with a digester system. Written by Rishi Prasad, George Hochmuth, and Ann C. Wilkie, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, March 2014.&#x0D; SL402/SS615: Anaerobic Digesters for Manure Management at Livestock Operations (ufl.edu)
Emerging Immunotherapies in the Treatment of Non–small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (2014)

Immune checkpoint inhibition as a new treatment approach is undergoing extensive investigation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other malignancies. Unlike standard chemotherapy or targeted agents, which act directly on the tumor cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors work by restoring the immune system's capacity to eradicate tumors. Agents currently in active clinical development for lung cancer include ipilimumab, which modulates the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 pathway, and multiple agents targeting the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway, both anti-PD-1 compounds (nivolumab, pembrolizumab [MK-3475]) and those that target programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a key ligand for PD-1 (BMS-936559, MPDL3280A). Preliminary evidence shows activity for these agents in NSCLC as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. This article reviews the immune checkpoint inhibitors and the available data to date on their use in lung cancer. Clinical implications for the use of these therapies in NSCLC are discussed as they relate to their novel mechanisms of action, response patterns, and safety profiles.
Prolonged survival after two-stage resection of advanced colorectal liver metastases: Impact of an intensified chemotherapy. (2015)

748 Background: Patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) experience poor prognosis. The impact of two-stage resection (TSR) after downstaging by chemotherapy is still controversial. Methods: Data on 899 patients with CRLM in a single institution during a 9-year period (2004–2013) were prospectively collected. We used intent-to-treat analysis to evaluate the survival of patients who underwent TSR associated with intensified chemotherapy before and between the two surgical stages. Results: 73 patients were eligible for the first stage of TSR. In this population, 54 patients underwent an intensified chemotherapy based on FOLFIRINOX (26 patients) or a standard chemotherapy associated with cetuximab or bevacizumab (28 patients). The first surgical stage was a clearance of the left liver in 56% of cases. An average of two radio-frequency ablations and two wedge resections were necessary. The post-operative morbidity of the first stage was 18%. 78% of patients received chemotherapy between the two stages. The average interval between two stages was 228 days (36-1561). 68% of TSR patients completed the second stage. The second resection was mainly a standard right lobectomy (32%). Morbidity after the second resection was 12%. One patient died post-operatively because of post operative liver failure. Median overall survival of patients who completed TSR was 48 months. In contrast, there was no survival advantage for patients who underwent only the first stage because of progression (median overall survival: 19 months) (p = 0.0003). The median overall survival of the whole population was 43 months and the median recurrence-free survival was 15 months. Conclusions: Intensified chemotherapy in association with TSR allows excellent outcome in patients with advanced CRLM. Chemotherapy delivered between the two surgical stages is responsible for an important waiting time but could contribute to a better control of the evolution of the disease.
Interactions of Lignin with Optical Brightening Agents and Their Effect on Paper Optical Properties (2014)

Optical brightening agents (OBAs) are widely used in the production of uncoated and coated paper grades to improve their optical properties. The presence of lignin in the pulp furnishes is well-known to have a significant effect on the OBA brightening efficiency, but how OBA interacts with lignin is still not well understood. In this study we used wood lignin to investigate the lignin/OBA interactions and its effect on OBA brightening. Three lignin samples isolated from spruce, pine, and aspen were used. Both di- and tetra-sulfonated OBAs were studied. It was found that the OBA addition can effectively improve the optical properties of paper, such as ISO brightness, CIE whiteness, and b*, but disulfonated OBA was found to be more effective at a lower dosage (less than 0.6%) than the tetra-sulfonated OBA. The addition of a small amount of lignin (0.4%) onto filter paper had negative effects on the optical properties, but the impact depends strongly on lignin structures (lignin samples from spruce, pine, and aspen), which explain the early results that mechanical pulps from different wood species respond very differently to OBA brightening. A modified Kubelka–Munk equation was used to predict and model the brightness and whiteness response of different lignin types and OBA, which can be used to provide guidance in determining the amount of OBA needed to reach specified optical property target.
Cell Surface Adenosine Deaminase Binds and Stimulates Plasminogen Activation on 1-LN Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2004)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is expressed intracellularly by all cells, but in some tissues, it is also associated with the cell surface multifunctional glycoprotein CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV. By modulating extracellular adenosine, this "ecto-ADA" may regulate adenosine receptor signaling implicated in various cellular functions. CD26 is expressed on the surface of human prostate cancer 1-LN cells acting as a receptor for plasminogen (Pg). Since ADA and Pg bind to CD26 at distinct but nearby sites, we investigated a possible interaction between these two proteins on the surface of 1-LN cells. Human ADA binds to CD26 on the surface 1-LN cells and immobilized CD26 isolated from the same cells with similar affinity. In both cases, ADA binding is diminished by mutation of ADA residues known to interact with CD26. ADA was also found to bind Pg 2 in the absence of CD26 via the Pg kringle 4 (K4) domain. In the presence of 1-LN cells or immobilized CD26, exogenous ADA enhances conversion of Pg 2 to plasmin by 1-LN endogenous urinary plasminogen activator (u-PA), as well as by added tissue Pg Activator (t-PA), suggesting that ADA and Pg bind simultaneously to CD26 in a ternary complex that stimulates the Pg activation by its physiologic activators. Consistent with this, in melanoma A375 cells that bind Pg, but do not express CD26, the rate of Pg activation was not affected by ADA. Thus, ADA may be a factor regulating events in prostate cancer cells that occur when Pg binds to the cell surface and is activated.
HPV16 and 18 genome amplification show different E4-dependence, with 16E4 enhancing E1 nuclear accumulation and replicative efficiency via its cell cycle arrest and kinase activation functions (2017)

To clarify E1^E4's role during high-risk HPV infection, the E4 proteins of HPV16 and 18 were compared side by side using an isogenic keratinocyte differentiation model. While no effect on cell proliferation or viral genome copy number was observed during the early phase of either virus life cycle, time-course experiments showed that viral genome amplification and L1 expression were differently affected upon differentiation, with HPV16 showing a much clearer E4 dependency. Although E4 loss never completely abolished genome amplification, its more obvious contribution in HPV16 focused our efforts on 16E4. As previously suggested, in the context of the virus life cycle, 16E4s G2-arrest capability was found to contribute to both genome amplification success and L1 accumulation. Loss of 16E4 also lead to a reduced maintenance of ERK, JNK and p38MAPK activity throughout the genome amplifying cell layers, with 16E4 (but not 18E4) co-localizing precisely with activated cytoplasmic JNK in both wild type raft tissue, and HPV16-induced patient biopsy tissue. When 16E1 was co-expressed with E4, as occurs during genome amplification in vivo, the E1 replication helicase accumulated preferentially in the nucleus, and in transient replication assays, E4 stimulated viral genome amplification. Interestingly, a 16E1 mutant deficient in its regulatory phosphorylation sites no longer accumulated in the nucleus following E4 co-expression. E4-mediated stabilisation of 16E2 was also apparent, with E2 levels declining in organotypic raft culture when 16E4 was absent. These results suggest that 16E4-mediated enhancement of genome amplification involves its cell cycle inhibition and cellular kinase activation functions, with E4 modifying the activity and function of viral replication proteins including E1. These activities of 16E4, and the different kinase patterns seen here with HPV18, 31 and 45, may reflect natural differences in the biology and tropisms of these viruses, as well as differences in E4 function.
Dyeing of silk cloth with colloidal gold (1988)

Abstract Silk cloth was dyed successfully by dipping it in a gold hydrosol which was prepared in the presence of a cationic surfactant, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride (SC). The color of thus dyed silk cloths is due to colloidal gold particles adsorbed on silk fibers and varies from reddish purple to dark purple according to the periods of dipping time and the amounts of SC in the gold hydrosol used. The mechanism for the adsorption of colloidal gold on the silk fibers is proposed.
An Antibody Against the SecA Membrane Protein of One Phytoplasma Reacts with Those of Phylogenetically Different Phytoplasmas (2004)

ABSTRACT Antisera raised against phloem-limited phytoplasmas generally react only with the phytoplasma strain used to produce the antigen. There is a need for an antiserum that reacts with a variety of phytoplasmas. Here, we show that an antiserum raised against the SecA membrane protein of onion yellows phytoplasma, which belongs to the aster yellows 16S-group, detected eight phytoplasma strains from four distinct 16S-groups (aster yellows, western X, rice yellow dwarf, and elm yellows). In immunoblots, approximately 96-kDa SecA protein was detected in plants infected with each of the eight phytoplasmas. Immunohistochemical staining of thin sections prepared from infected plants was localized in phloem tissues. This antiserum should be useful in the detection and histopathological analysis of a wide range of phytoplasmas.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing to kidneys is suppressed by inhibiting interleukin 1-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, or cyclooxygenase-2 signaling (2015)

Maximal homing of iv-infused MSC may be critical for cell therapies. Molecular responses from the primarily mechanical effects of pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) (i.e., mechanotransduction) in healthy or diseased murine kidneys generate a “molecular zip-code” consisting of local increases in chemoattractants (cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules) to enhance MSC homing. These findings have substantial potential to improve cell therapies for regenerative medicine. Since molecular signaling post-pFUS drives enhanced MSC homing, other drugs also aiming to treat disease could potentially interfere with molecular responses and subsequent cell migration to targeted tissue thus undermining cell therapy approaches. This study characterized temporal molecular changes post-pFUS to identify critical signals that drive larger changes observed in the chemoattractants and investigates whether inhibition of the early signals could suppress MSC homing to kidneys.
Atomic switches of metallic point contacts by plasmonic heating (2019)

Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization. A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct isoforms. In contrast to the reports on this approach, we demonstrate that the conductance switch behavior can be realized with only a bare metallic contact without any molecules under light illumination. We demonstrate that the conductance of bare metallic quantum contacts can be reversibly switched over eight orders of magnitude, which substantially exceeds the performance of molecular switches. After the switch process, the gap size between two electrodes can be precisely adjusted with subangstrom accuracy by controlling the light intensity or polarization. Supported by simulations, we reveal a more general and straightforward mechanism for nanoswitching behavior, i.e., atomic switches can be realized by the expansion of nanoelectrodes due to plasmonic heating.
Partially Overlapping Limited Anterior and Posterior Instrumentation for Adult Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Scoliosis: A Description of Novel Spinal Instrumentation, “The Hybrid Technique” (2006)

Progressive and/or painful adult spinal deformity in the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine is sometimes treated surgically by long posterior fusions from the thoracic spine down to the pelvis, especially where there is a major thoracic curve component. Recent advances in anterior spinal instrumentation and spinal surgery technique have demonstrated the improved corrective ability offered by anterior stabilization systems, and the added benefit of limiting the number of vertebral fusion levels required for control of the deformity. The "hybrid technique" is a novel use of anterior instrumentation that applies limited anterior instrumentation down to the low lumbar spine (rods and screws), and partially overlapping short-segment posterior instrumentation to the sacrum (pedicle screws and rods). These constructs avoid posterior thoracic instrumentation and fusions, and avoid extension of posterior instrumentation to the pelvis. In the first 10 patients treated using this technique, thoracolumbar and lumbar major curve correction has averaged 71 and 82% in the immediate postoperative period (n = 7), respectively, and 59 and 68% at 2-year follow-up, respectively. The technique is an appealing and attractive alternative for treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis in the adult population, and avoids the requirement for applying spinal fixation to the thoracic spine and the pelvis.
Improved authenticated data structures for blockchain synchronization (2018)

One of the most important components in a public blockchain like Bitcoin and Ethereum is the authenticated data structure that keeps track of all block data, transactions, and the world state (account balance, smart contract states, etc.) Thanks to authenticated data structures, lightweight nodes only need to store authentication information and can delegate queries to those nodes with a full replica of data and the authenticated data structure. The lightweight nodes can trust the query results after verifying against the authentication information. It is also critical to have enough nodes in the network that are equipped with the authenticated data structure to ensure scalability and availability, which is especially important for public blockchains. Therefore, every public blockchain highly encourages users to download the authenticated data structure as the first step.\n\nFetching all elements from the entire authenticated data structure is a novel query type that has not gathered attention in the past. We describe this new emerging query type in the three-party authenticated data structure (ADS). We improve the design and implementation of the authenticated data structure so that the new query type is well-supported. We specifically apply the improvements to the Ethereum blockchain network. With our proposed ADS system in Ethereum, we improve Ethereum state synchronization performance by 216 times.