gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glass Fiber Length Degradation in Thermoplastics Rocessing (1982)

Abstract Glass fiber length is of great concern to both the compounder and molder of fiberglass reinforced thermoplastics. We know that the fiber attrition is considerable, but how short is it and where in the process does it occur? Can it be affected by using the longer length chopped strands? These are the types of questions that have gone unanswered because of the considerable time and effort necessary to quantify fiber length and length distributions. Burning the resin off, taking a photomicrograph of the glass, and physically measuring the lengths with a scale takes a great deal of time and money. A second method sometimes employed is a sieve analysis. This involves a series of screens which classify the fiber length by the size of the openings. This method, however, can lead to higher than actual averages due to a matting effect of the longer fibers which sometimes can trap the shorter fibers. Fibers that pass through the screen openings lengthwise can also distort the reported value. There is now available fast and accurate computerized, electronic image analyzing equipment that facilitates fiber length measurement. To summarize, the average fiber length in molded bars from extrusion compound with 1/8, 3/16, and 1/4 in. chopped strands were a close 0.009, 0.010, and 0.010 in., respectively, for PBT. For PP, the values were 0.025,0.026, and 0.027 in., respectively. Only slight shifts in distributions were evident. The majority of the fiber attrition occurred in the extruder, with further damage in the injection unit of the molding machine. No further damage was evident during injection of extrusion compound through runners and gates. There was, however, further damage to the fibers upon injection through runners and gates in direct molded PP. Average fiber lengths in this case were 0.026, 0.023, and 0.028 in. with 1/8, 3/16, and 1/4 in. input lengths, respectively. There also was a shift in length distribution toward longer fibers in direct molding. This shows up as higher impact values.
Phagocytic uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by human airway epithelial cells (2003)

International audience
Sistema de criterios e indicadores de sostenible para la producción bovina de la región costa del Ecuador (2015)

This proposal, “A system of criteria and indicators for the sustainability of cattle production in the Coastal Region of Ecuador”, has been developed using the resources of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MDM) in the absence of references or integral systems of indicators to evaluate the level of sustainability of tropical cattle exploitation, and, in general, because of the lack of sufficient development in Ecuador of the evaluation of sustainability of agricultural systems using MDM. Multi-criteria evaluation of sustainability of agrosystems is a useful tool for comparing the results of different technological approaches and for revealing the points on which action should be taken with the aim of advancing towards more sustainable systems. The design of a system of criteria, sub-criteria and indicators is the first step in the construction of a multi-criteria model for evaluation. This proposal is based on that model. In the study the sustainability of agrosystems is assumed as the result of actions which should be possible, and accepted by society. The first section of the chapter on results is a theoretical reflection on the concepts which the author assumes. The construction of the system has been fed by the personal experiences of the author in the application of MDM in the evaluation of higher education as well as documentary information on cattle production systems in the Coastal Region of Ecuador and indicators for evaluating the sustainability of livestock systems. The system designed is composed of 6 criteria, 8 sub-criteria and 29 indicators. A tree diagram of the system is presented. The data sheet of each indicator has, as main fields, rationale, definition, formula and unit in the case of quantitative indicators, and criteria and grading scales for qualitative indicators, information sources, and advances in utility function and weight.
Spark Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Combustion in a Heavy Duty Single Cylinder Test Engine - AFR and EGR Dilution Effects (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The increased availability of natural gas (NG) in the United States (US) and its relatively low cost compared to diesel fuel has heightened interest in the conversion of medium duty (MD) and heavy duty (HD) engines to NG fueled combustion systems. The aim for development for these NG engines is to realize fuel cost savings and reduce harmful emissions while maintaining durability. Transforming part of the vehicle fleet to NG is a path to reduce dependence on crude oil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Traditionally, port-fuel injection (PFI) or premixed NG spark-ignited (SI) combustion systems have been used for MD and HD engines with widespread use in the US and Europe. But this technology exhibits poor cycle efficiency and is load limited due to knock phenomenon. Direct Injection of NG during the compression stroke promises to deliver improved thermal efficiency by avoiding excessive premixing and extending the lean limits which helps to extend the knock limit.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work, a single cylinder engine with 14:1 compression ratio (CR) was used to investigate spark ignited direct injection (SIDI) NG combustion using an integrated spark injector-igniter. Two parameters controlling dilution were investigated (i) increased air charge resulting in an increased air-fuel ratio (AFR) and (ii) exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The impact of these parameters on fuel consumption, combustion stability, phasing, knock, and emissions of NOx, HC, CO is investigated and reported in this work. Partially stratified combustion (PSC) SOI and SPK timings from previous work will be used as a starting point to investigate the effects. Overall, both AFR and EGR were effective in controlling knock and NOx emissions; however, EGR required lower levels to obtain the desired effect. The use of charge dilution in the PSC range showed promise of trading off knock and combustion stability to within acceptable limits, thus demonstrating potential for increased load operation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Thrombin‐Cellular Interactions (1986)

It is clear that there are a number of different types of reactions between thrombin and the cell surface (TABLE 6). In one type, thrombin binds to cell-surface receptors resulting in cellular activation. In other types of reactions, there are at least two components to the thrombin-specific pathway of cellular activation: a classical receptor to which thrombin binds, and a protein that is cleaved. In both types of reactions, thrombin binding and/or proteolysis is linked to changes in GTP-binding proteins, protein kinase C, or other pathways. In most cases, the receptor and membrane substrates involved in cellular activation are not well characterized. In another type of reaction, the interaction between thrombin and proteins in the extracellular fluid is regulated by cell-surface receptors. Binding of thrombin to these receptors can result in acceleration or inhibition of the reactions with the soluble proteins. In the fourth type of reaction, thrombin cleaves a cell-membrane protein that is involved in reactions with plasma proteins. Recognition of the different types of interactions between thrombin and the cell surface is necessary for the correct interpretation of experimental observations. Although the term receptor has classically referred to a cell-surface component to which an agonist binds, it is now clear that there are additional membrane components that specifically bind potential agonists not leading to cellular activation.
Selective Inhibition by 2-Bromoethanesulfonate of Methanogenesis from Acetate in a Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestor (1984)

The effects of 2-bromoethanesulfonate, an inhibitor of methanogenesis, on metabolism in sludge from a thermophilic (58 degrees C) anaerobic digestor were studied. It was found from short-term experiments that 1 mumol of 2-bromoethanesulfonate per ml completely inhibited methanogenesis from CH(3)COO, whereas 50 mumol/ml was required for complete inhibition of CO(2) reduction. When 1 mumol of 2-bromoethanesulfonate per ml was added to actively metabolizing sludge which was then incubated for 24 h. it caused a 60% reduction in methanogenesis and a corresponding increase in acetate accumulation; at 50 mumol/ml it caused complete inhibition of methanogenesis and accumulation of acetate. H(2), and ethanol.
Draft Sequences of the Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Genome (2014)

Radish (Raphanus sativus L., n = 9) is one of the major vegetables in Asia. Since the genomes of Brassica and related species including radish underwent genome rearrangement, it is quite difficult to perform functional analysis based on the reported genomic sequence of Brassica rapa. Therefore, we performed genome sequencing of radish. Short reads of genomic sequences of 191.1 Gb were obtained by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a radish inbred line, and 76,592 scaffolds of ≥ 300 bp were constructed along with the bacterial artificial chromosome-end sequences. Finally, the whole draft genomic sequence of 402 Mb spanning 75.9% of the estimated genomic size and containing 61,572 predicted genes was obtained. Subsequently, 221 single nucleotide polymorphism markers and 768 PCR-RFLP markers were used together with the 746 markers produced in our previous study for the construction of a linkage map. The map was combined further with another radish linkage map constructed mainly with expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat markers into a high-density integrated map of 1,166 cM with 2,553 DNA markers. A total of 1,345 scaffolds were assigned to the linkage map, spanning 116.0 Mb. Bulked PCR products amplified by 2,880 primer pairs were sequenced by NGS, and SNPs in eight inbred lines were identified.
Reducing the Pore Size of Covalent Organic Frameworks in Thin-Film Composite Membranes Enhances Solute Rejection (2019)

Three imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) films are incorporated as active layers into separate thin-film composite (TFC) membranes and tested for their ability to reject an organic pollutant surrogate and salt from water. The synthesized membranes consist of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane supporting a TAPB-PDA-H, TAPB-PDA-Me, or TAPB-PDA-Et COF thin film. The latter two COFs direct six methyl and ethyl substituents per tiled hexagon into the pores, respectively, while maintaining the same topology across the series. These substituents decrease the effective pore size of the COF compared to the parent TAPB-PDA-H COF. The TAPB-PDA-Me membrane rejects Rhodamine-WT (R-WT) dye and NaCl better than the TAPB-PDA-H membrane, and the TAPB-PDA-Et membrane exhibits the best rejection overall. The solution-diffusion model used to analyze this permeation behavior indicates that there is a systematic difference in rejection as subsequent pendant groups are added to the interior of the COF pore. These findings demonstrate the concept of tuning the selectivity of COF membranes by systematically reducing the effective pore size within a given topology.
Speaking-rate dependent decoding and adaptation for spontaneous lecture speech recognition (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of speaking rate in large vocabulary spontaneous speech recognition. In spontaneous lecture speech, the speaking rate is generally fast and may vary a lot within a talk. We also observed different error tendencies for fast and slow speech segments. Therefore, we first present a speaking-rate dependent decoding strategy that applies the most adequate acoustic analysis, phone models and decoding parameters according to the speaking rate. Several methods are investigated and their selective application leads to accuracy improvement. We also propose to make use of speaking-rate information in speaker adaptation, in which the different adapted models are set up for fast and slow utterances. It is confirmed that the method is more effective than normal adaptation.
Data from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer Are Reprogrammed by Tumor-Induced Alterations in Genomic DNA Methylation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Stromal fibrosis is a prominent histologic characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but how stromal fibroblasts are regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support tumor growth is largely unknown. Here we show that PDAC cells can induce DNA methylation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Upon direct contact with PDAC cells, DNA methylation of SOCS1 and other genes is induced in mesenchymal stem cells or in CAF that lack SOCS1 methylation at baseline. Silencing or decitabine treatment to block the DNA methylation enzyme DNMT1 inhibited methylation of SOCS1. In contrast, SOCS1 gene methylation and downregulation in CAF activated STAT3 and induced insulin-like growth factor-1 expression to support PDAC cell growth. Moreover, CAF facilitated methylation-dependent growth of PDAC tumor xenografts in mice. The ability of patient-derived CAF with SOCS1 methylation to promote PDAC growth was more robust than CAF without SOCS1 methylation. Overall, our results reveal how PDAC cells can reprogram CAF to modify tumor–stromal interactions in the TME, which promote malignant growth and progression. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(18); 5395–404. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis of antibiotic‐loaded hydroxyapatite beads and in vitro drug release testing (1992)

Various forms of hydroxyapatite (HAP) materials have been developed for use as bone grafts. Since the risk of local infection is associated with surgery, it seems reasonable to incorporate drugs such as antibiotics into implant materials. We therefore investigated the characteristics of drug incorporation into a spherical porous HAP bead (diameter = 8.48 mm, bulk porosity = 0.439) and its in vitro release behavior. Cefotiam (CTM) was used as a model antibiotic. Because of nonuniform pore distribution in the bead, distribution of CTM was estimated from the amounts of CTM experimentally determined at three different sites: the surface, halfway to the center, and the center of the beads. The results indicated that 90% of the drug was incorporated in the concentric outer 0.387 (radius = 1) section of the bead. CTM was released with a short lag time when the dry HAP bead was placed in water. Incorporation of CTM with egg phosphatidylcholine eliminated initial lag time and decreased the release rate of the drug from the bead. The lipid load was useful in controlling the release of CTM from the beads. In addition, to protect relatively unstable drugs from humidity and avoid contamination of drug-incorporated HAP beads an apparatus was designed with which the beads could be enclosed in vials in vacuo and under aseptic conditions on a bench-scale basis.
Perioperative Acute Myocardial Infarction (PMI) in Coronary Bypass Surgery: Is it Related to Pre-Operative Ischaemia? (1986)

Conference Abstract| January 01 1986 Perioperative Acute Myocardial Infarction (PMI) in Coronary Bypass Surgery: Is it Related to Pre-Operative Ischaemia? H. Yousif; H. Yousif 1Dept. Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G.J. Davies; G.J. Davies 1Dept. Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. Westaby; S. Westaby 1Dept. Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. Moss; D. Moss 1Dept. Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Sapsford; R. Sapsford 1Dept. Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. M. Oakley C. M. Oakley 1Dept. Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1986) 71 (s15): 4P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs071004P Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. Yousif, G.J. Davies, S. Westaby, D. Moss, R. Sapsford, C. M. Oakley; Perioperative Acute Myocardial Infarction (PMI) in Coronary Bypass Surgery: Is it Related to Pre-Operative Ischaemia?. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 January 1986; 71 (s15): 4P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs071004P Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Robot-to-Robot Relative Pose Estimation From Range Measurements (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of determining the 2-D relative pose of pairs of communicating robots from (1) robot-to-robot distance measurements and (2) displacement estimates expressed in each robot's reference frame. Specifically, we prove that for nonsingular configurations, the minimum number of distance measurements required for determining all six possible solutions for the 3 degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) robot-to-robot transformation is 3. Additionally, we show that given four distance measurements, the maximum number of solutions is 4, while five distance measurements are sufficient for uniquely determining the robot-to-robot transformation. Furthermore, we present an efficient algorithm for computing the unique solution in closed form and describe an iterative least-squares process for improving its accuracy. Finally, we derive necessary and sufficient observability conditions based on Lie derivatives and evaluate the performance of the proposed estimation algorithms both in simulation and via experiments.
Oxidized ALD-deposited Titanium Nitride Films as a Low-temperature Alternative for Enhancing the Wettability of Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) (2008)

In this paper we report on a new technique to attain superhydrophilicity in high aspect ratio through-silicon vias (TSVs) for void-free and uniform copper electroplating. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is used to deposit a conformal layer of TiN on the surface of a silicon substrate and onto the sidewalls of vias etched in this substrate. A superhydrophilic film is obtained by oxidizing the TiN in oxygen plasma and by exposing the oxidized TiN to UV light. This results in a decrease of the contact angle to 5° and even lower. Next, the superhydrophilic material is integrated in a process flowchart for high aspect ratio TSVs. For the electrical characterization cross-Kelvin structures were fabricated and connected on both sides of the wafer by a bottom-up copper electroplating technique. The obtained TSVs exhibit a low average resistance of 50 mO, which is very suitable for RF signal transmission. The low thermal budget of the ALD process and the solely dry technology employed to achieve the superhydrophilicity, make the developed process suitable for integration in via-last flowchart schemes for advanced 3D interconnects.
Abstract 468: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence of Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells Are Prevented by Hypoxic Culture (2018)

Rationale: Therapeutic potential of c-Kit + cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is modest in autologous cell therapy clinical trials and could benefit from optimization to maximize functional activity. Early proliferation arrest limits expansion potential of human CPCs in vitro . In contrast, self-renewal is preserved and mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (mtROS) minimized within the CPC hypoxic niche in vivo . Expansion under oxygen tension comparable to the hypoxic niche may therefore improve CPC reparative function. Hypothesis: Senescence of CPCs derived from heart failure patients is suppressed by dampening mtROS through long-term hypoxic culture. Methods and Results: Environmental oxygen was maintained with constant hypoxia (1% O 2 ; H-CPCs) or atmospheric oxygen tension (20 - 21% O 2 ; N-CPCs) for isolation and expansion of CPCs from patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation. A 4-fold increase in clonogenesis and 73% fewer senescence-associated β-Gal-positive cells were found in H-CPCs. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were also reduced with 80% lower malondialdehyde content and significantly fewer nuclear γ-H2AX foci in H-CPCs. Accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria was revealed in N-CPCs through functional metabolic analyses. Basal (-59%), maximal (-50%), and ATP production-coupled (-62%) oxygen consumption rates were significantly lower in N-CPCs, despite upregulation of electron transport chain subunits and 72% greater mitochondrial DNA content than H-CPCs. MtROS was elevated, and large mitochondria with swollen morphology were found by TEM in N-CPCs, confirming mitochondrial damage. Key indicators of mitochondrial function including NAD + /NADH ratio and autophagic flux were preserved in H-CPCs. Conclusions: Development of mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence are consequences of normoxic CPC expansion. CPC senescence is delayed by preserving mitochondrial health and limiting oxidative damage through hypoxic culture.
Animating complex hairstyles in real-time (2004)

True real-time animation of complex hairstyles on animated characters is the goal of this work, and the challenge is to build a mechanical model of the hairstyle which is sufficiently fast for real-time performance while preserving the particular behavior of the hair medium and maintaining sufficient versatility for simulating any kind of complex hairstyles.Rather than building a complex mechanical model directly related to the structure of the hair strands, we take advantage of a volume free-form deformation scheme. We detail the construction of an efficient lattice mechanical deformation model which represents the volume behavior of the hair strands. The lattice is deformed as a particle system using state-of-the-art numerical methods, and animates the hairs using quadratic B-Spline interpolation. The hairstyle reacts to the body skin through collisions with a metaball-based approximation. The model is highly scalable and allows hairstyles of any complexity to be simulated in any rendering context with the appropriate tradeoff between accuracy and computation speed, fitting the need of Level-of-Detail optimization schemes.
Patient Specific Simulation of Body Surface ECG using the Finite Element Method (2013)

These results not only help us understand the cellular basis of the body surface ECG, but also open the possibility of heart simulation for clinical applications.