gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing archaeology analysis of Liangzhu culture (2013)

Liangzhu culture is an important Neolithic culture located in Taihu Lake and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River which was about 5300-4100 years ago . The society during Liangzhu culture was a mature and early social civilization with a perfect management system and level. It's meaningful to study the Liangzhu culture in order to trace the source of Chinese civilization. The multisource data including the aerial photographs, satellite photos, old topographic maps and the documentations about the climate and hydrology were employed to research spatial patterns and density distribution feature of Liangzhu culture sites around Taihu Basin by spatial analyst method. Environmental changes around Mojiaoshan could be detected using information extraction. In addition, the function and regional status of Mojiaoshan City was confirmed using site visibility analysis. According to the research, the choice of location for historical sites has common significant features which were interpreted as evidence for their life-style and environment. The sites were al ways locat ed in th e relatively highland where it was convenient to get water and away from the outlet of catchment basins which ensure the safety of people and a normal life during the rainy season and make the threat of flood less. According to the old aerial phot ographs after the image enhancement an d p rocessing, the traces of the r iver diversion could be recognized. Based on the vague traces and historical docu ments, the Dongti aoxi River diverted from eastwest to the north direction. And this change was related to the ground subsidence of Taihu Basin and the high tide of the Qiantang River, which might contribute to the disappearance of Liangzhu culture. The paper employed multi-discipline research methods, made macro analysis and deeper explanation about the Liangzhu cu lture an d Lian gzhu an cient city which combined archaeology, history, remote se nsing and GIS inste ad of traditional methods of archaeology.
A Low-Power Wideband Reconfigurable Integrated Active-RC Filter With 73 dB SFDR (2006)

In this paper, a low-power, highly linear, integrated, active-RC filter exhibiting a reconfigurable transfer function (Chebyshev, Elliptic) and bandwidth (5 MHz, 10 MHz), is presented. The filter exploits digitally-controlled polysilicon resistor banks and a digital automatic tuning scheme to account for process and temperature variations. The operational amplifiers used are based on a new compensation technique that allows optimized high-frequency filter performance and minimized current consumption. A filter prototype has been fabricated in a 0.12-mum CMOS process, occupies 0.25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> (tuning circuit included), and achieves an IIP3 of approximately +20 dBm, whereas its spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) reaches 73 dB. The dissipation of the filter core and the tuning circuit is 4.6 mW and 1.5 mW, respectively
Multilayer hybrid LEDs based on colloidal inorganic semiconductors nanocrystal and PIN technology (2008)

Light emitting devices (LEDs) based on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals represent a matter of technological interest for the development of flat panel display and lighting systems. The appealing features of these materials are the high fluorescence efficiency, narrow ban edge emission, potential chemical stability, and tunable light emission across the visible spectrum. However the integration of these materials in the very promising PIN technology is still challenging due to the lack of an appropriate QD deposition technique. So far only wet deposition methods such as spin-coating and drop-casting have been exploited to realize QD thin film. Moreover QD thermal evaporation is not possible because of their high molecular weight. In this scenario we developed a dry, simple, and inexpensive deposition technique to transfer semiconductor QDs on organic semiconductor materials. We exploited this technique to fabricated an organic/inorganic hybrid red emitting device whit a doped hole transport layer.
A Model of Urban Forest Sustainability (1997)

We present a model for the development of sustainable urban forests. The model applies general principles of sustainability to urban trees and forests. The central tenet of the model is that sustainable urban forests require a healthy tree and forest resource, community-wide support and a comprehensive management approach. For each of these components, we present criteria and indicators for assessing their status at a given point in time. The most significant outcome of a sustainable urban forest is to maintain a maximum level of net environmental, ecological, social, and economic benefits over time.
General editors' preface (1996)

Within a few years of the publication of his Critique of Pure Reason in 1781, Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) was recognized by his contemporaries as one of the seminal philosophers of modern times – indeed, as one of the great philosophers of all time. This renown soon spread beyond German-speaking lands, and translations of Kant's work into English were published even before 1800. Since then, interpretations of Kant's views have come and gone and loyalty to his positions has waxed and waned, but his importance has not diminished. Generations of scholars have devoted their efforts to producing reliable translations of Kant into English as well as into other languages.
On the problem of identification of the dihydroquercetin flavonoid (2006)

A reliable method for identification of the dihydroquercetin flavonoid is proposed on the basis of its complex structural study.
Rayleigh-benard convection of cu-water and cuo-water nanofluids in rectangular enclosure (2016)

Papers presented to the 12th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Costa de Sol, Spain on 11-13 July 2016.
Different geometries in ontology visualization (2009)

In this paper we introduce methods for the visualization of ontologies using different geometrical representations. An ontology is a formal way to define domain knowledge by means of axioms about domain concepts, properties and individuals. Currently, ontologies are modeled with the OWL language; this language is very expressive and provides challenges for ontology visualization. Expressive ontologies can be difficult to understand and to that end ontology visualization can be extremely helpful for ontology inspection during the process of development as well as for inspection of existing ontologies. Our improved approach for ontology visualization includes two different tree-visualization techniques: i.e., the node-link technique and the containment technique. The node-link technique visualizes the ontology as a graph. The graph can be build for each concept with different levels of depth. The core visualization component is based on the spanning tree skeleton of the graph and it includes five different geometrical views, i.e., two Euclidean, two hyperbolic and one spherical. All the views are augmented with corresponding geometrical transformations so that user interaction like pan, zoom and rotate can be invoked. Another approach encompasses a 3-dimensional spherical alternative of the treemap method, in which nodes are placed on the surface of a sphere. Each parental node contains its children, which are places on the surface of the parent. We augmented this method with semantic zoom technique. With this technique the level of details depends on the distance from the viewer. Our approach provides the means to visualize ontology from different perspectives and different levels of detail. The interaction that is provided greatly enhances the user perception of otherwise complex information.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Surgical Gesture Segmentation and Classification (2018)

Recognition of surgical gesture is crucial for surgical skill assessment and efficient surgery training. Prior works on this task are based on either variant graphical models such as HMMs and CRFs, or deep learning models such as Recurrent Neural Networks and Temporal Convolutional Networks. Most of the current approaches usually suffer from over-segmentation and therefore low segment-level edit scores. In contrast, we present an essentially different methodology by modeling the task as a sequential decision-making process. An intelligent agent is trained using reinforcement learning with hierarchical features from a deep model. Temporal consistency is integrated into our action design and reward mechanism to reduce over-segmentation errors. Experiments on JIGSAWS dataset demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than state-of-the-art methods in terms of the edit score and on par in frame-wise accuracy. Our code will be released later.
An 8-Channel C-Band Demux Based on Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber (2018)

A novel 8-channel demux device based on multicore photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures that operate at C-band range (1530-1565nm) has been demonstrated. The PCF demux design is based on replacing some air-holes areas with lithium niobate and silicon nitride materials over the PCF axis alongside with the appropriate optimizations of the PCF structure. The beam propagation method (BPM) combined with Matlab codes were used to modeled the demux device and to optimized the geometrical parameters of the PCF structure. Simulation results show that 8-channel can be demultiplexing after light propagation of 5 cm with large bandwidth (4.03-4.69nm) and crosstalk ((-16.88)-(-15.93) dB). Thus, the proposed device has a great potential to be integrated in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology for increasing performances in networking systems.
Ciguatera toxin inCheilinus rhodochrous(Po'ou wrasse) (1990)

Cheilinus rhodochrous (po'ou, wrasse) was examined by various assays for the presence of toxins associated with ciguatera fish poisoning. These assays were a stick enzyme immunoassay (S‐EIA); and extraction, chromatography on silica gel, and examination of the fractions by stick enzyme immunoassay, mouse toxicity assay, and guinea pig atrial assay. The active toxic principles were found in the 10% (v/v) and 50% (v/v) methanol/chloroform eluates of viscera and flesh, and had characteristics similar to ciguatoxins found in carnivores.
Low-Dose X-ray CT Reconstruction via Dictionary Learning (2012)

Although diagnostic medical imaging provides enormous benefits in the early detection and accuracy diagnosis of various diseases, there are growing concerns on the potential side effect of radiation induced genetic, cancerous and other diseases. How to reduce radiation dose while maintaining the diagnostic performance is a major challenge in the computed tomography (CT) field. Inspired by the compressive sensing theory, the sparse constraint in terms of total variation (TV) minimization has already led to promising results for low-dose CT reconstruction. Compared to the discrete gradient transform used in the TV method, dictionary learning is proven to be an effective way for sparse representation. On the other hand, it is important to consider the statistical property of projection data in the low-dose CT case. Recently, we have developed a dictionary learning based approach for low-dose X-ray CT. In this paper, we present this method in detail and evaluate it in experiments. In our method, the sparse constraint in terms of a redundant dictionary is incorporated into an objective function in a statistical iterative reconstruction framework. The dictionary can be either predetermined before an image reconstruction task or adaptively defined during the reconstruction process. An alternating minimization scheme is developed to minimize the objective function. Our approach is evaluated with low-dose X-ray projections collected in animal and human CT studies, and the improvement associated with dictionary learning is quantified relative to filtered backprojection and TV-based reconstructions. The results show that the proposed approach might produce better images with lower noise and more detailed structural features in our selected cases. However, there is no proof that this is true for all kinds of structures.
X-linked neurodegenerative syndrome with congenital ataxia, late-onset progressive myoclonic encephalopathy and selective macular degeneration, linked to Xp22.33-pter (1996)

Linkage analysis was performed in a previously described family segregating for an X-linked progressive neurological disorder [Bertini et al., 1992]. In three generations, the disease was inherited from the mothers in seven affected males (Fig. 1). Five had severe congenital hypotonia and died during the first year of life. Two other boys (maternal cousins) were found to have severe congenital ataxia, late-onset progressive myoclonic encephalopathy, and selective macular degeneration; brain CT-scan showed moderate cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. Linkage analysis was carried out in 12 informative relatives using 35 microsatellite markers (Généthon) evenly distributed on the X chromosome. A multipoint analysis showed a significant linkage (Z > 2) between the disease and three markers in the Xp22.33 region: DYS403 (Z = 2.37, theta = 0) which maps in the pseudoautosomal region, DXS7099 (Z = 2.45, theta = 0), and DXS7100 (Z = 2.48, theta = 0). Further linkage analysis with more telomeric markers will refine the location of this severe X-linked encephalopathy.
Microstructure of FePt/Pt magneticthin films with high perpendicular coercivity (1998)

Microstructures of 50 nm thick FePt magnetic thin films deposited on Pt buffer layers with various thicknesses (0–500 nm) grown on a Fe seeded MgO (100) substrate have been studied by transmission electron microscopy to correlate them with magnetic properties. High density of planar defects such as twin and antiphase boundary are present in the FePt films. The twins observed in these films are not the {011} twins which are commonly observed in the bulk FePt magnet, but they are the {111} twins. The density and morphology of these twins drastically change depending on the composition of the FePt thin films as well as the thickness of the Pt buffer layer, while that of the antiphase boundary does not show noticeable changes. In the Pt buffer layer, a high density of dislocations is present in order to reduce the elastic strain due to a large lattice mismatch imposed between the Pt layer and the MgO substrate (about 9%). When the thickness of the Pt buffer layer is increased to 500 nm, the Pt and FePt layers show a polycrystalline microstructure having a grain size ranging from 0.3 to 2.0 μm. The origin of the magnetic hardness is discussed based on these microstructural observation results.
IGF‐2 autocrine stimulation in tumorigenic clones of a human colon‐carcinoma cell line (1995)

Clonal analysis has shown that the SW613-S human colon-carcinoma cell line is heterogeneous: some cell clones display a high level of amplification of the c-myc gene and are tumorigenic in nude mice, whereas others have a small number of copies of this gene and are non-tumorigenic. Tumorigenic clones can proliferate in a chemically defined serum-free medium, whereas non-tumorigenic clones cannot. Suramin, like anti-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) or anti-IGF-I receptor antibodies, efficiently inhibits the growth of tumorigenic clones in defined medium. Inhibition by suramin or by anti-IGF antibodies can be reversed by pure IGF-I or IGF-2. Pure IGF-1 or IGF-2 or culture medium conditioned by tumorigenic clones can stimulate DNA synthesis in cells of non-tumorigenic clones. Co-culture with cells of tumorigenic clones sustains the growth of non-tumorigenic clones in defined medium. Cells of both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic clones express high-affinity IGF-1 receptors at their surface but tumorigenic clones produce on average 5 times more IGF-1 and 25 times more IGF-2 than non-tumorigenic ones. These results indicate that autocrine growth stimulation of tumorigenic clones by IGFs through the IGF-1 receptor is essential for their ability to grow in defined medium. Since cells of tumorigenic clones produce IGF-2 at levels 80 times higher than IGF-1 and since an antibody strictly specific for IGF-1 has no effect on DNA synthesis in cells of tumorigenic clones grown in defined medium, IGF-2 is very likely the main effector in the autocrine loop.
Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

The staphylococcal exfoliative toxins (ETs) are extracellular proteins that cause splitting of human skin at the epidermal layer during infection in infants. Two antigenically distinct toxins possessing identical activity have been isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, ETA and ETB. The gene for ETA (eta) is located on the chromosome, whereas that for ETB is located on a large plasmid. The observation that relatively few clinical isolates produce ETA suggests that the eta gene is acquired by horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we isolated a temperate phage (phiETA) that encodes ETA and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the phiETA genome. phiETA has a head with a hexagonal outline and a non-contractile and flexible tail. The genome of phiETA is a circularly permuted linear double-stranded DNA, and the genome size is 43 081 bp. Sixty-six open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on the phiETA genome, including eta, which was found to be located very close to a putative attachment site (attP). phiETA converted ETA non-producing strains into ETA producers. Southern blot analysis of chromosomal DNA from clinical isolates suggested that phiETA or related phages are responsible for the acquisition of eta genes in S. aureus.
P4‐245: Decrease of the antioxidant defenses in 3xTg‐AD triple‐transgenic adult mice for Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress, which has been scarcely studied at peripheral level. We have observed in previous studies a premature neuroimmunoendocrine aging in triple-transgenic 3xTg-AD mouse model for AD (Neuroimmunomodul. 15, 2008). Since the oxidative stress (increase of oxidants and decrease of antioxidants) has been proposed as the main cause of aging, we have studied one of the most important endogenous antioxidant, the glutathione, at early stages of AD in this animal model. The reduced glutathione (GSH) neutralizes oxidants (peroxides) using the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and in this action it is transformed to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the glutathione reductase (GR) being used to catalyze the reduction of GSSG to GSH. 6-month-old Male 3xTgAD and Non-TgAD mice male were used. Tissues homogenates from liver (main tissue of glutation metabolism) and spleen were obtained. The total glutathione levels (GSSG + GSH levels) and the GR activity were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods, and the GPx activity with a commercial kit. The 3xTgAD adult mice showed, with respect to the Non-TgAD (controls), a significant decrease of the glutathione levels and the GR activity in the liver as well as of the GPx activity in the spleen. 3xTgAD adult mice have an oxidative stress with a decrease of the antioxidant capacity of glutathione shown: 1) in liver by the lower total level of this antioxidant, which could be due to the decreased GR activity, and 2) in spleen by the decrease of the Gpx activity. The results indicate that oxidative is not only restricted to the central system but can be also detected in peripheral organs already at early stages of the disease, when only intraneuronal beta-amyloid has been described in this animals. Work supported by SAF2006-13642, UCM Research Group (910379ENEROINN) and MICINN (BFU2008-04336) grants, RETICEF (RD06/0013/0003).
Alternatives for the Pharmacologic Management of Urge and Stress Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly (1997)

Urinary incontinence in the elderly is a common but typically remediable condition that is frequently managed by pharmacotherapy. However, because of age-related changes, the response to a specific dosage of a certain drug administered to an elderly person may be quite different than the response experienced by a younger individual. This article will review general principles of pharmacotherapy in the elderly patient and pharmacologic alternatives for the management of urge and stress urinary incontinence.
Suppression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Alcohol in Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Culture (1994)

Many studies have shown that alcohol consumption is associated with alteration in immune responses and increased incidence of infection in the host. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent soluble mediator of immunoregulation and inflammation, and plays a very important role in host's defenses against infection and tumor. We propose that one of the mechanisms of alcohol‐mediated immunosuppression may be due to a defect in the synthesis and release of the TNF. To determine this, we studied the direct effect of alcohol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced TNF production by whole blood and total mononuclear cell from normal subjects. Aliquots of blood samples (1 ml) or ficollhypaque separated total mononuclear cells (1 × 10 6 /ml) were cultured with different concentrations of either ethanol or acetaldehyde in the presence or absence of LPS for 4 hr at 37°C. Plasma samples and culture supernatants were assayed for TNF levels in a bioassay using a TNF‐sensitive WEHl 164 sub‐clone 13 cell line. LPS at 10 μg/ml produced a maximal level of TNF compared with lower (1 μg/ml) or higher concentration (50 μg/ml) of LPS. Kinetics studies showed that an incubation time of 4 hr with LPS produced a maximum level of TNF production by blood. Alcohol, as low as 0.1% concentration, produced significant suppression of LPS‐inducted TNF production by whole blood, whereas alcohol at 0.2 and 0.3% concentrations were required to produce a significant suppression of TNF production by separated mononuclear cells. Anti‐TNF‐α antibodies significantly neutralized the LPS‐induced TNF that suggests that blood monocytes may be the primary source of TNF production. Further, significant correlation between TNF production and monocyte numbers was observed. Acetaldehyde one of the primary metabolites of alcohol, did not suppress the LPS‐induced TNF production by whole blood. These studies suggest that alcohol‐induced inhibition of TNF may be one of the mechanisms for immunosuppression in alcoholic patients.
Determination of near and far field acoustics for advanced propellerconfigurations (1989)

A method has been studied for predicting the acoustic field of the SR-3 transonic propfan using flow data generated by two versions of the NASPROP-E computer code. Since the flow fields calculated by the solvers include the shock-wave system of the propeller, the nonlinear quadrupole noise source term is included along with the monopole and dipole noise sources in the calculation of the acoustic near field. Acoustic time histories in the near field are determined by transforming the azimuthal coordinate in the rotating, blade-fixed coordinate system to the time coordinate in a nonrotating coordinate system. Fourier analysis of the pressure time histories is used to obtain the frequency spectra of the near-field noise.