gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic analgesic activity and .delta.-opioid selectivity in [2,6-dimethyl-Tyr1, D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (1992)

The cyclic peptide [2,6-dimethyl-Tyr1,D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (2) was synthesized by solid-phase techniques and contains the optically pure unnatural amino acid 2,6-dimethyltyrosine (DMT) as a replacement for the Tyr1 residue of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1). This structural modification resulted in a 10-fold increase in the potency of 2 at the delta opioid receptor and a 35-fold increase in potency at the mu receptor while substantial delta receptor selectivity was maintained. In addition, 2 was 86-fold more effective than 1 at inhibiting electrically stimulated contractions of the mouse vas deferens. In the hot plate test, 2 was 7-fold more potent than 1 after intracerebroventricular administration in the mouse. While 1 was inactive following systemic administration of doses as high as 30 mg/kg, subcutaneous administration of 2 significantly inhibited writhing with an ED50 of 2.6 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that the potency and systemic activity of DPDPE are significantly increased by replacement of Tyr1 with DMT.
Biomarkers of leukocyte traffic and activation in the vaginal mucosa (2007)

Development of novel vaginal spermicides and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microbicides requires careful assessment of their potential to recruit and activate CD4+ HIV-1 host cells in the female genital tract mucosa, two events that facilitate HIV-1 infection. Leukocyte traffic and activation are mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, e.g. interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-8, which have been detected in vaginal secretions in association with epithelial damage and infections. These proinflammatory mediators, however, have bidirectional, destructive as well as beneficial, effects on the mucosal barrier, and may be counterbalanced by endogenous inhibitors. Here we propose additional biomarkers for the evaluation of compound-induced cervicovaginal mucosal inflammation. Displaying different temporal patterns of detection, the levels of soluble E-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule-1, CD14 and myeloperoxidase in vaginal secretions reflected the mucosal leukocyte reaction to proinflammatory compounds being evaluated for safety in an improved rabbit vaginal irritation model. These biomarkers, which were also detected in human vaginal secretions, may be used to enhance the characterization of mucosal safety of vaginally applied compounds, both in animal as well as clinical studies.
Indoor Navigational Aid System for the Visually Impaired (2007)

A navigation aid system provides additional help to a visually impaired person in navigation. It helps to move in a given environment with certain level of confidence in the absence of own visual ability. Using cane, or pet dog are conventional ways of navigational aid. Researchers have recently developed navigational aid systems based on various computer technologies. For example radio-frequency identification tags, Global Positioning System, Geographical Information System, and vision-to-sound systems using sensory substitution. These innovative approaches provide beneficial systems but are tied to some limitation. Dependence upon installed hardware devices, remote information server, GPS signal are some of the limitations faced by the existing contemporary research in navigational aid systems. We propose to develop a computer vision based system that would use camera vision input and text-to-speech synthesized output to provide navigation aid. It will be independent from any remote factors and will have the inherent characteristic of improvement with further advancements in computer vision.
The jugular venous pressure revisited (2013)

Assessment of the jugular venous pressure is often inadequately performed and undervalued. Here, we review the physiologic and anatomic basis for the jugular venous pressure, including the discrepancy between right atrial and central venous pressures. We also describe the correct method of evaluating this clinical finding and review the clinical relevance of the jugular venous pressure, especially its value in assessing the severity and response to treatment of congestive heart failure. Waveforms reflective of specific conditions are also discussed.
Reactions of 2,3-diphenylthiirene 1,1-dioxide with nucleophiles (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 2,3-diphenylthiirene 1,1-dioxide with nucleophilesBruce B. Jarvis, William P. Tong, and Herman L. AmmonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 22, 3189–3195Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00910a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00910a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancing the Performance of Knee Beam–Column Joint Using Hybrid Fibers Reinforced Concrete (2021)

Abstract The knee beam–column joint is a critical location in a Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure particularly when subjected to earthquake vibrations. The current structural design codes dictate the use of high amounts of steel reinforcements in the frame joint to manage large strain demands in seismic-prone regions. However, these codes could result in the congestion of steel reinforcements in the limited joint area which can consequently produce numerous construction complications. This study aims to improve the structural performance of Knee Joint (KJ) by reducing the load induced to the embedded steel reinforcements during seismic vibrations. Hence, this study attempted to develop a Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HyFRC) by combining multiple synthetic fibers to be introduced onto KJ. Six KJ specimens were cast using five developed HyFRC materials and one Control specimen to be experimentally tested under lateral cyclic loading. The results indicated significant improvements for the HyFRC KJ specimens particularly in energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation rate, displacement ductility toughness, steel reinforcement strain and hysteretic behavior. A total of six Finite Element (FE) KJ models were developed using the HyFRC materials to verify the results from the experimental testing. The accuracy of the proposed FE models resulted in average percentage differences of 25.89% for peak load, 3.45% for peak load displacement and 0.18% for maximum displacements from the experimental data. In conclusion, this study developed HyFRC materials that are beneficial in providing cost-efficient alternatives to Reinforced Concrete (RC) KJ structures in areas with low to moderate level of seismic risks.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

Surgery alone has long been the standard treatment for patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite complete resection, 5-year survival rates have been disappointing, with about 50% of patients eventually suffering relapse and death from disease. Randomized trials conducted in the 1980s hinted at a survival benefit for postoperative cisplatin-based regimens, but they were underpowered. A meta-analysis published in 1995 found a nonsignificant 13% reduction in the risk of death associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with an increase of survival of 5% at 5 years. This led to renewed interest in adjuvant chemotherapy in resected NSCLC. Thousands of patients have been included in a new generation of randomized trials in the last 10 years. Most of these recent studies have now been reported and several have demonstrated a clear survival advantage for patients treated with platin-based adjuvant therapy. These results also suggest a greater benefit with modern two-drug regimens. In view of the most recent data, postoperative platin-based chemotherapy can now be considered the standard of care for completely resected NSCLC patients with good performance status.
Diffusive Steel Scrap Melting in Carbon-Saturated Hot Metal—Phenomenological Investigation at the Solid–Liquid Interface (2019)

The oxygen steelmaking process in a Linz-Donawitz (LD) converter is responsible for more than 70% of annual crude steel production. Optimization of the process control and numerical simulation of the LD converter are some of the current challenges in ferrous metallurgical research. Because of the process conditions and oxidation of impurities of the hot metal, a lot of chemical heat is generated. Therefore, steel scrap is charged as a coolant with the economical side aspect of its recycling. One of the more complex aspects is, among others, the dissolution and melting behaviour of the scrap in carbon-saturated hot metal. Heat and mass transfer act simultaneously, which has already been investigated by several researchers using different experimental approaches. The appearances at the interface between solid steel and liquid hot metal during diffusive scrap melting have been described theoretically but never investigated in detail. After an experimental investigation under natural and forced convective conditions, the samples were further investigated with optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). A steep carbon concentration gradient in the liquid appeared, which started at an interface carbon concentration equal to the concentration on the solid side of the interface. Moreover, the boundary layer thickness moved towards zero, which symbolized that the boundary layer theory based on thermodynamic equilibrium was not valid. This fact was concluded through the prevailing dynamic conditions formed by natural and forced convection.
Broadband measurements of nanofiber devices: Repeatability and random error analysis (2010)

On-wafer, broadband measurements of two-port nanofiber devices were made in order to test the short-term repeatability of a widely used measurement approach that builds on established on-wafer calibration techniques. The test devices used in this study consist of Pt nanowire and Au microbridge structures incorporated into two-port coplanar waveguides. Based on repeated measurements of these test structures, we computed statistical (Type A) uncertainties. The standard deviation (k=1) of five repeated measurements of a Pt nanowire device was less than 50 μS. The analysis suggests refinements to the measurement process depending on the desired output of the measurements, e.g. the broadband response itself or the extraction of circuit model parameters.
Bacterial but Not Fungal Gut Microbiota Alterations Are Associated With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Phenotype (2019)

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic immune disorder characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulins. Patients often suffer from infectious and serious non-infectious complications which impact their life tremendously. The monogenic cause has been revealed in a minority of patients so far, indicating the role of multiple genes and environmental factors in CVID etiology. Using 16S and ITS rRNA amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota, respectively, in a group of 55 participants constituting of CVID patients and matched healthy controls including 16 case-control pairs living in the same household, to explore possible associations between gut microbiota composition and disease phenotype. We revealed less diverse and significantly altered bacterial but not fungal gut microbiota in CVID patients, which additionally appeared to be associated with a more severe disease phenotype. The factor of sharing the same household impacted both bacterial and fungal microbiome data significantly, although not as strongly as CVID diagnosis in bacterial assessment. Overall, our results suggest that gut bacterial microbiota is altered in CVID patients and may be one of the missing environmental drivers contributing to some of the symptoms and disease severity. Paired samples serving as controls will provide a better resolution between disease-related dysbiosis and other environmental confounders in future studies.
AUTOMATED DETECTION OF SPEECH LANDMARKS USI NG GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODELING (2008)

Landmarks in speech signal are regions with a brupt spectral variations. Automated detection of these regions is important for several applications in speech processing. Performance of landmark detection using parameters extracted from predefined spectral bands generally gets limited by speaker related spectral variability. This paper presents a landmark detection technique which adapts to the acoustic properties of speech. Parameters are extracted from Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) of smoothed spectral envelope. A single rate of rise function, obtained from the set of GMM parameters, is used for locating landmark regions. The method was evaluated using manually labeled VCV syllables and sentences. It was possible to detect 85 % of stop release bursts in VCV syllables and 82 % in sentences, with an accuracy of 5 ms, compared to the manually located landmarks.
B&#x00E9;zier approximation based inverse dynamic guidance for entry glide trajectory (2013)

An explicit entry guidance law has been developed using inverse dynamics approach. The inverse dynamics problem is solved through Bézier curve approximation of the vehicle trajectory. Most important and novel feature of the developed guidance law is its ability to satisfy the terminal angular and velocity constraints besides position constraints. Through shape preserving `Bézier parameters' the guidance law has the ability to control terminal velocity. For entry glide flight the guidance law incorporates limits on acceleration and attack angle which are converted from path constraints. The results demonstrate remarkably good efficiency in meeting terminal constraints.
Massage therapy and therapeutic touch in children: state of the science. (2000)

More research exists to support the use of massage therapy than therapeutic touch in children. A set of common findings across 2 decades of study suggests that massage therapy may be useful in the care of infants and children. Because massage therapy and therapeutic touch seem to elicit similar parasympathetic effects, therapeutic touch may be useful. There is insufficient evidence, however, to recommend its use in children without qualifications.
Sleep and Sleeplessness in Advance Age (Advances in Sleep Research) (1982)

Journal Article Sleep and Sleeplessness in Advance Age (Advances in Sleep Research) Get access Sleep and Sleeplessness in Advance Age (Advances in Sleep Research) (Vol. 5), by R. Spiegel. SP Medical & Scientific Books, Jamaica, NY, 1981, 272 pp., $35.00 (hardcover). Mary A. Carskadon, PhD Mary A. Carskadon, PhD Sleep Disorders Center Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 37, Issue 3, May 1982, Pages 378–379, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/37.3.378a Published: 01 May 1982
Resolving complex fibre configurations using two-tensor random-walk stochastic algorithms (2011)

Fibre tractography using diffusion tensor imaging allows the study of anatomical connectivity of the brain, and is an important diagnostic tool for a range of neurological diseases. Deterministic tractography algorithms assume that the fibre direction coincides with the principal eigenvector of a diffusion tensor. This is, however, not the case for regions with crossing fibres. In addition noise introduces uncertainty and makes the computation of fibre directions difficult. Stochastic tractography algorithms have been developed to overcome the uncertainties of deterministic algorithms. However, generally, both parametric and non-parametric stochastic algorithms require longer computational time and large amounts of memory. Multi-tensor fibre tracking methods can alleviate the problems when crossing fibres are encountered. In this study simple and computationally efficient random-walk algorithms are described for estimating anatomical connectivity in white matter. These algorithms are then applied to a two-tensor model to compute the probabilities of connections between regions with complex fibre configurations. We analyze the random-walk models quantitatively using simulated data and estimate the optimal parameter values of the models. The performance of the tracking algorithms is verified using a physical phantom and an in vivo dataset with a wide variety of seed points. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which gives comparable results to other stochastic methods. Our approach is however significantly faster and requires less memory. The results of two-tensor random-walk algorithms demonstrate that our algorithms can accurately identify fibre bundles in complex fibre regions.
Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide on WO3-supported ruthenium catalysts. (1988)

WO3担持ルテニウム触媒を用いて加圧下でCO水素化反応を行い, 活性•選択性におよぼす担体の影響を調べた。H2-TPDやCO-TPRなどの昇温脱離法により得られる表面吸着種の挙動と触媒特性との関係についても考察した。WO3担体の場合, 生成炭化水素は Schulz-Flory 則に従わない炭素数分布を示し, かつ iso 体に富む組成を示した。炭素数分布はRuの分散度に, またiso体の選択性は担体の酸性によって支配される。WO3担持の場合の生成物分布は金属上で生成した一次生成物の, 担体の酸点の関与した二次的な反応に起因していると考えられる。
RARE-EARTH DOPED POTASSIUM LEAD BROMIDE MID-IR LASER SOURCES FOR STANDOFF DETECTION (2008)

The single crystal growth of KPb 2 Br 5 by vertical Bridgman technique using in-house processed zone refined PbBr 2 and KBr with rare-earth terbium doping has been studied. The grown moisture resistant crystals (1.5 cm diameter and 10 cm length) have shown high promise for low phonon energy room temperature solid-state laser applications in the longer side of mid-IR (4-15 µm) due to their high storage lifetimes, wide tunability, and excellent optical quality. The processed crystals are highly transparent ( T = ≥80%) in the 0.4-25 µm spectral region. Repeated melting-freezing cycles during differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments did not reveal any appreciable variation in the melting point or phase transitions, which is indicative of their excellent thermal stability. The emission spectra pumped with a 2 µm source show broadband emissions with peak wavelength of 3 µ m ( 7 F 4 → 7 F 6 ), 5µ m ( 7 F 5 → 7 F 6 ) and 7.9µ m ( 7 F 4 → 7 F 5 ). The KPb 2 Br 5 : Tb laser crystals will be highly useful for standoff detection of incoming chemical and biological threats using unique infrared absorption signatures.
A Demonstration of Anion Templation and Selectivity in Pseudorotaxane Formation We thank the EPSRC and the University of Reading for funds for the Image Plate System and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support to Dr. Wisner. (2001)

First- and second-sphere coordination of a chloride anion templates the formation of a [2]pseudorotaxane (see picture) in which a pyridinium diamide threads through the annulus of a macrocyclic isophthalamide wheel. The formation of the pseudorotaxane depends on the nature of the anion involved: the use of a larger anion destabilizes the entire recognition motif.
CryoET Reveals Organelle Phenotypes in Huntington Disease Patient iPSC-Derived and Mouse Primary Neurons (2022)

Abstract Huntington’s Disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene, yielding a Huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can help understand disease; however, defining pathological biomarkers is challenging. Here, we used cryogenic electron tomography to visualize neurites in HD patient iPSC-derived neurons with varying CAG repeats, and primary cortical neurons from BACHD, deltaN17-BACHD, and wild-type mice. In HD models, we discovered mitochondria with enlarged granules and distorted cristae, and thin sheet aggregates in double membrane-bound organelles. We used artificial intelligence to quantify mitochondrial granules, and proteomics to show differential protein content in HD mitochondria. Knockdown of Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT1 ameliorated aberrant phenotypes in iPSC-neurons and reduced phenotypes in BACHD neurons. We show that integrated ultrastructural and proteomic approaches may uncover early HD phenotypes to accelerate diagnostics and the development of targeted therapeutics for HD.
Functional characterization of odorant receptors in the ponerine ant, Harpegnathos saltator (2017)

Animals use a variety of sensory modalities-including visual, acoustic, and chemical-to sense their environment and interact with both conspecifics and other species. Such communication is especially critical in eusocial insects such as honey bees and ants, where cooperation is critical for survival and reproductive success. Various classes of chemoreceptors have been hypothesized to play essential roles in the origin and evolution of eusociality in ants, through their functional roles in pheromone detection that characterizes reproductive status and colony membership. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which chemoreceptors regulate social behaviors, we investigated the roles of a critical class of chemoreceptors, the odorant receptors (ORs), from the ponerine ant <i>Harpegnathos saltator</i> in detecting cuticular hydrocarbon pheromones. In light of the massive OR expansion in ants (∼400 genes per species), a representative survey based on phylogenetic and transcriptomic criteria was carried out across discrete odorant receptor subfamilies. Responses to several classes of semiochemicals are described, including cuticular hydrocarbons and mandibular gland components that act as <i>H. saltator</i> pheromones, and a range of more traditional general odorants. When viewed through the prism of caste-specific OR enrichment and distinctive OR subfamily odorant response profiles, our findings suggest that whereas individual <i>HsOr</i>s appear to be narrowly tuned, there is no apparent segregation of tuning responses within any discrete <i>HsOr</i> subfamily. Instead, the HsOR gene family as a whole responds to a broad array of compounds, including both cuticular hydrocarbons and general odorants that are likely to mediate distinct behaviors.