gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Photon Sorting at Microwave Frequencies in a Cavity Array Metasurface (2015)

We present experimental results demonstrating the spatial sorting of incoming radiation in two spectral ranges. A metasurface composed of a periodically patterned metal of subwavelength thickness with dielectric inclusions concentrates and localizes electromagnetic fields near the surface. Light of the separate spectral bands is channeled into different geometrically tuned cavities within each spatially repeating unit cell. Excitation of cavity modes facilitates this simultaneous spatial- and spectral-selective absorption. The measured reflection and field profiles are presented and the spectral and spatial selectivity are shown. A method to apply these concepts to split radiation into three spectral bands is also proposed.
Bioactive Compounds from Iostephane heterophylla (Asteraceae) (2001)

The novel bisabolene sesquiterpenes 3-6, were isolated from Iostephane heterophylla, using bioguided fractionation. The new compounds were determined to be (12R/12S)-12,13-epoxy-xanthorrhizols (3,4) and (12R/12S)-12,13-dihydro-12,13-dihydroxy-xanthorrizols (5,6) and their structures were characterized by analysis of spectroscopic data and by chemical correlation from xanthorrhizol (2). The stereochemistry at C-12 of 5 was deduced using the modified Mosher experiment. Some of the isolated compounds elicited activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, levadura and dermatophytes.
Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Liquids from the Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Materials (2023)

Although major differences in thermal stability and hydrotreatment behavior of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis oils have been reported, little is known about the variations in the chemical composition of these oils that could explain such differences. Two commercial softwood pyrolysis oils [Pyrovac and Biomass Technology Group (BTG)] and their water-soluble (WS) and water-insoluble (WIS) fractions were analyzed and compared with the aqueous (WSWD-57) and oily (WISWS-57) fractions obtained from HTL of Douglas-fir. The samples were characterized by GC–MS, Karl Fischer titration, carbonyl content, total acid number, elemental composition, calorific value, proximate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Folin–Ciocalteu (FC), and UV fluorescence. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ICR-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were also used to analyze the fractions. The most prevalent class of compounds in the WIS phases was phenols. WS phases contained mainly oxygenated compounds derived from cellulose and hemicellulose and were richer in the carbonyl functional group. The water content of the resulting aqueous phases was 65 (WBTG) and 96 (WSPyrovac) wt %. The bio-oil from BTG has higher water content and lower high heating value compared to Pyrovac oil. According to the GC–MS results, BTG oil contained more acetic acid and higher TAN number than the Pyrovac oil, while Pyrovac oil was mainly composed of monophenols. The higher number of monophenols in the Pyrovac oil was also confirmed by the FC method. Although the UV fluorescence spectra, ICR-MS, and the ESI-MS analyses showed some minor differences in the molecular weight and chemical make-up of the oligomers soluble and insoluble in water from pyrolysis and HTL, the differences observed were not significant enough to justify the differences in hydrotreatment behavior between these oils reported in the literature.
Gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) expression in breast cancer subtypes (2014)

GCDFP-15 expression is higher in tumors with favorable prognostic features. GCDFP-15 expression is further a frequent feature of AR positive tumors and the molecular apocrine subtype. It might have reduced sensitivity as a diagnostic marker for mammary differentiation in triple negative tumors as compared to HR or HER2 positive tumor types.
Changes in Neutrophil Functions in Astronauts (2002)

Neutrophil functions (phagocytosis, oxidative burst, degranulation) and expression of surface markers involved in these functions were studied in 25 astronauts before and after 4 space shuttle missions. Space flight duration ranged from 5 to 11 days. Blood specimens were obtained 10 days before launch (preflight or L-10), immediately after landing (landing or R+0), and again at 3 days after landing (postflight or R+3). Blood samples were also collected from 9 healthy low-stressed subjects at 3 time points simulating a 10-day shuttle mission. The number of neutrophils increased at landing by 85 percent when compared to the preflight numbers. Neutrophil functions were studied in whole blood using flow cytometric methods. Phagocytosis of E.coli-FITC and oxidative burst capacity of the neutrophils following the 9 to 11 day missions were lower at all three sampling points than the mean values for control subjects. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacity of the astronauts was decreased even 10-days before space flight. Mission duration appears to be a factor in phagocytic and oxidative functions. In contrast, following the short-duration (5-days) mission, these functions were unchanged from control values. No consistent changes in degranulation were observed following either short or medium length space missions. The expression of CD16, CD32, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, L-selectin and CD36 was measured and found to be variable. Specifically, CD16 and CD32 did not correlate with the changes in oxidative burst and phagocytosis. We can conclude from this study that the stresses associated with space flight can alter the important functions of neutrophils.
Characterization of a Ga-Assisted GaAs Nanowire Array Solar Cell on Si Substrate (2016)

A single-junction core-shell GaAs nanowire (NW) solar cell on Si (1 1 1) substrates is presented. A Ga-assisted vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism was used for the formation of a patterned array of radial p-i-n GaAs NWs encapsulated in AlInP passivation. Novel device fabrication utilizing facet-dependent properties to minimize passivation layer removal for electrical contacting is demonstrated. Thorough electrical characterization and analysis of the cell is reported. The electrostatic potential distribution across the radial p-i-n junction GaAs NW is investigated by off-axis electron holography.
Phenotypic landscape of schizophrenia-associated genes defines candidates and their shared functions (2018)

Summary Genomic studies have identified hundreds of candidate genes near loci associated with risk for schizophrenia. To define candidates and their functions, we mutated zebrafish orthologues of 132 human schizophrenia-associated genes and created a phenotype atlas consisting of whole-brain activity maps, brain structural differences, and profiles of behavioral abnormalities. Phenotypes were diverse but specific, including altered forebrain development and decreased prepulse inhibition. Exploration of these datasets identified promising candidates in more than 10 gene-rich regions, including the magnesium transporter cnnm2 and the translational repressor gigyf2 , and revealed shared anatomical sites of activity differences, including the pallium, hypothalamus or tectum. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered an essential role for the understudied transcription factor znf536 in the development of forebrain neurons implicated in social behavior and stress. This phenotypic landscape of schizophrenia-associated genes prioritizes more than 30 candidates for further study and provides hypotheses to bridge the divide between genetic association and biological mechanism.
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torque at the Ir/Co interface (2019)

We studied the spin torque efficiency and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) of heterostructures that contain interface(s) of Ir and Co. The current-induced shifts of the anomalous Hall loops were used to determine the spin torque efficiency and DMI of $[\text{Pt}/\text{Co}/X]$ multilayers $(X=\mathrm{Ir},\text{Cu})$ as well as Ir/Co and Pt/Ir/Co reference films. We find the effective spin Hall angle and the spin-diffusion length of Ir to be \ensuremath{\sim}0.01 and less than \ensuremath{\sim}1 nm, respectively. The short spin-diffusion length and the high conductivity make Ir an efficient spin sink layer. Such spin sink layer can be used to control the flow of spin current in heterostructures and to induce sufficient spin-orbit torque on the magnetic layer. The DMI of the Ir and Co interface is found to be in the range of \ensuremath{\sim}1.4 to $\ensuremath{\sim}2.2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, similar in magnitude to that of the Pt and Co interface. The Ir/Co and Pt/Co interfaces possess the same sign of DMI, resulting in a reduced DMI for the [Pt/Co/Ir] multilayers compared to that of the [Pt/Co/Cu] multilayers. These results show the unique role that the Ir layer plays in defining spin-orbit torque and chiral magnetism in thin-film heterostructures.
IEEE Reliability Test System (1979)

This report describes a load model, generation system, and transmission network which can be used to test or compare methods for reliability analysis of power systems. The objective is to define a system sufficiently broad to provide a basis for reporting on analysis methods for combined generation/transmission (composite) reliability.
Analysis of elevated serum interleukin-6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether selected antirheumatic drugs would suppress elevated circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The 267 patients who enrolled in a double-blind randomized protocol received placebo, naproxen (1500 mg/day), or prinomide (1500 mg/day) for up to 16 weeks. Serum samples from 143 of the patients completing the trial and from 135 normal donors were analyzed by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-6 concentrations. A mean normal IL-6 value was determined to be 3 pg/ml (95th percentile value = 10 pg/ml). IL-6 levels at baseline for the patients with RA were significantly higher than those for control subjects (p < 0.0001). Elevated IL-6 levels (> 10 pg/ml) at baseline were found in 80% of subjects with RA (median = 36 pg/ml, range 12 to 403). For patients with elevated levels of either IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at baseline, initial median values of IL-6, CRP, and ESR were compared with those from the final visit for each treatment group. There was no significant decrease in IL-6 levels with treatment. Median CRP levels decreased significantly, from 1.9 to 0.8 mg/dl (p = 0.002), as did median ESR (37 to 34 mm/hr, p = 0.013), only in the prinomide-treated group.
An RNA twist to T H 17 cells (2016)

A long noncoding RNA and RNA helicase constitute a new layer of T cell control
A Digitalization Model Structure for Sustainable and Enhanced Profitability in Industry 4.0 (2021)

A Digitalization Model Structure (DMS) for industry 4.0 operations that utilizes concepts of systems analysis coupled with valuation of outputs is presented here. The conceptual model and associated data analytics should allow optimization of any industrial operation, identify incremental needs for innovation and development, and appropriate approaches for their implementation to achieve desired results with a good understanding of return on incremental investments. It considers interactions among all subsystems of an industrial system to identify needs for improvements and evaluations of alternate solutions. The feasibility of machine learning and artificial intelligence and their impacts on profitability can also be assessed. Initially, the data gathered should allow for more effective planning of unit operations based on deterministic (average) values but as more data are analysed, the model could be used for stochastic planning and profitability modelling. The authors illustrate proposed use of the model with an example for open-pit coal mining operations.
<title>Passive optical lane position monitor</title> (1997)

A laboratory prototype of a passive optical lane position monitor has been designed, built, and tested. The sensor head is simple and consists of two parts: a cylindrical lens, and a position sensitive detector. The amplifier/processing electronics which provides the position signal is compact and lightweight. No complex software or computer is needed. Sensor performance was validated both in the laboratory and in the field. The prototype was tested in sunlight over a range of solar angles from dawn to dusk. It was even tested at night with illumination provided by headlights. The bottom line is that, for such a simple system, the sensor worked quite well. This opens up possibilities for its use as a practical tool in vehicle/highway management.
Microwave Measurement of Chiral Materials (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Free-space Method Waveguide Method Concluding Remarks References
Applications of the Montgomery exponent (2005)

We define here the Montgomery exponent of order s, modulo the odd integer N, by MEXP = MEXP(A,X,N,s) = A/sup X/2/sup -s(X-1)/ (mod N), and illustrate some properties and usage of this operator. We show how A/sup X/ (mod N) can be obtained from MEXP(A, X, N, s) by one Montgomery multiplication. This suggests a new modular exponentiation algorithm that uses one Montgomery multiplication less than the number required with the standard method. This improves the performance, although the improvement is significant only when the exponent X is short (e.g., modular squaring or RSA verification). However, and even more important, this achieves code size reduction, which is appreciated when the exponentiation algorithm is written in a low-level language and stored in (expensive) ROM. We also illustrate the potential advantage in performance and code size when known cryptographic applications are modified in a way that MEXP replaces the standard modular exponentiation.
SAM-VI RNAs selectively bind S-adenosylmethionine and exhibit similarities to SAM-III riboswitches (2017)

Five distinct riboswitch classes that regulate gene expression in response to the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or its metabolic breakdown product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) have been reported previously. Collectively, these SAM- or SAH-sensing RNAs constitute the most abundant collection of riboswitches, and are found in nearly every major bacterial lineage. Here, we report a potential sixth member of this pervasive riboswitch family, called SAM-VI, which is predominantly found in Bifidobacterium species. SAM-VI aptamers selectively bind the cofactor SAM and strongly discriminate against SAH. The consensus sequence and structural model for SAM-VI share some features with the consensus model for the SAM-III riboswitch class, whose members are mainly found in lactic acid bacteria. However, there are sufficient differences between the two classes such that current bioinformatics methods separately cluster representatives of the two motifs. These findings highlight the abundance of RNA structures that can form to selectively recognize SAM, and showcase the ability of RNA to utilize diverse strategies to perform similar biological functions.
NEUROFIBRILLARY PATHOLOGY (1970)

Journal Article Neurofibrillary Pathology Get access Henryk Wisniewski, M.D., Ph.D., Henryk Wisniewski, M.D., Ph.D. Bronx, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert D. Terry, M.D., Robert D. Terry, M.D. Bronx, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Asao Hirano, M.D. Asao Hirano, M.D. Bronx, N. Y. †This research has been supported in part by National Institute of Health Grants # NB-02255, NB-03356. and B-3533, from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 29, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 163–176, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-197004000-00001 Published: 01 April 1970
Extrinsic Threshold PEEP Reduces Post-exercise Dyspnea in COPD Patients: A Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Cross-over Study. (2011)

We found that the use of a PEEP device can help reduce postexercise dyspnea in patients with COPD.
Acoustic Frequency Minimization of Gradient Waveforms with GrOpt (2023)

In this work, we measured the acoustic frequency response function of an MRI scanner. The response was then used to design arbitrarily shaped gradient waveforms that minimize the predicted acoustic noise output of the sequence. Two minimization functions were tested and compared to the conventional sequence with two different slew rates. The method was used to generate a GRE sequence with 31% reduced acoustic output for a 17% increase in scan time or 16% reduced acoustic output compared to the slew rate derated sequence, both with no difference in image quality.
The number of spectral channels required for speech recognition depends on the difficulty of the listening situation (2004)

Cochlear implants provide a limited number of electrodes, each of which represents a channel of spectral information. Studies have shown that implant recipients are not receiving all of the information from the channels presented to their implant. The present paper provides a quantitative framework for evaluating how many spectral channels of information are necessary for speech recognition. Speech and melody recognition data from previous studies with cochlear implant simulations are compared as a function of the number of spectral channels of information. A quantitative model is applied to the results. Speech recognition performance increases as the number of spectral channels increases. A sigmoid function best describes this increase when plotted as a function of the log number of channels. As speech materials become more difficult, the function shifts to the right, indicating that more spectral channels of information are required. A model proposed by Plomp provides a single index to relate the difficulty of the task to the number of spectral channels needed for moderate recognition performance. In conclusion, simple sentence recognition in quiet can be achieved with only 3-4 channels of spectral information, while more complex materials can require 30 or more channels for an equivalent level of performance. The proposed model provides a single index that not only quantifies the number of functional channels in a cochlear implant, but also predicts the level of performance for different listening tasks.
Generating user interfaces from specifications produced by a reverse engineering process (2002)

A framework for automatic graphical user interface code generation is developed. Tools to support this framework are built: (1) a parser, (2) generation rules, and (3) target code production. The parser reads specifications resulted from a reverse engineering process of a character-oriented user interface. These specifications are written in a language called AUIDL (Abstract User Interface Description Language). This language is based on the object-oriented paradigm, which means the use of classes, objects, attributes and methods. The methods are used to describe the behaviour of the user interface. The resulting graphical user interface is translated into a language called EASEL, which is also an object-oriented graphical language that allows an IBM PC to communicate with an IBM mainframe via a 3270 terminal emulator. Directions for further research are also presented.
Harnessing the Oxidation Susceptibility of Deubiquitinases for Inhibition with Small Molecules (2014)

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) counteract ubiquitination by removing or trimming ubiquitin chains to alter the signal. Their diverse role in biological processes and involvement in diseases have recently attracted great interest with regard to their mechanism and inhibition. It has been shown that some DUBs are regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in which the catalytic Cys residue undergoes reversible oxidation, hence modulating DUBs activity under oxidative stress. Reported herein for the first time, the observation that small molecules, which are capable of generating ROS efficiently, inhibit DUBs by selective and nonreversible oxidation of the catalytic Cys residue. Interestingly, the small molecule beta-lapachone, which is currently in clinical trials for cancer, is among the potent inhibitors, thus suggesting possible new cellular targets for its therapeutic effects. Our study describes a novel mechanism of DUBs inhibition and opens new opportunities in exploiting them for cancer therapy.
Twenty-Year Evaluation of Cementless Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Replacements (2004)

Two consecutive series of patients who had cementless, porous-coated, congruent-contact, mobile-bearing total ankle replacements were evaluated during a 20-year interval using the New Jersey Orthopaedic Hospital ankle scoring scale to determine clinical outcome and overall implant survivorship with revision as an end point. The initial series of 38 patients (40 ankle replacements) using a shallow-sulcus design had diagnoses of: osteoarthritis, seven (17.5%); rheumatoid arthritis, nine (22.5%); posttraumatic arthritis, 21 (52.5%); and failed fusion, three (7.5%). Clinical results after 2-20 years, (mean, 12 years) were 28 (70%) good to excellent, two (5%) fair, and 10 (25%) poor. Postoperative ankle motion ranged from 10 degrees-47 degrees total arc (mean, 25 degrees total arc). The 20-year overall survivorship for the shallow-sulcus design was 74.2%. A second series of 74 patients (75 ankle replacements) using a deep-sulcus design had diagnoses of: osteoarthritis, eight (11%); rheumatoid arthritis, nine (12%); osteonecrosis, three (4%); and posttraumatic arthritis, 55 (73%). Clinical results after 2-12 years, (mean 5 years) were 66 (88%) good to excellent, four (5%) fair, and five (7%) poor. Postoperative ankle motion ranged from 10 degrees-50 degrees total arc (mean, 29 degrees total arc). The 12-year overall survivorship for the deep-sulcus design was 92%.
High‐Quality Single‐Mode Lasers Based on Zero‐Dimensional Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (2019)

Zero-Dimensional Perovskites In article number 201900127, Xiaosheng Tang, Juan Du, Yuxin Leng, and co-workers study the photophysical properties of zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 by using femtosecond transient absorption measurements; the existence of polarons provides evidence of the inherent green emission from Cs4PbBr6. Furthermore, the excellent stable lasing performance at room temperature from Cs4PbBr6 perovskite microdisks is successfully achieved.