gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Graded Avoidance Map for Constrained Aerial Traffic (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2158.vid Integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to airspace is an ongoing work and has many safety-critical issues associated with it. Mid-air collision avoidance is one among them. Urban environment presents many obstacles and no-fly zones which make the movement of the aerial vehicles constrained. Geo-fencing in such cluttered environment defines the safe boundary within which the UAVs could fly. Avoidance map is a tool for conflict resolution among UAVs. We propose a new version of avoidance map which accounts for inter-UAV collision avoidance and boundary keeping. Considering a structured UAV traffic, a corridor like environment is envisaged which consists of intersections and lanes. Conflict resolution at intersections and during lane changing using avoidance map is also presented. Further, we present time graded version of avoidance map which predicts the time to collision for a pair of control inputs. The time grading provides more feasible solutions for the UAVs to avoid conflict. The proposed solution for conflict resolution in a constrained environment is a reliable method to ensure safety and bounded flight.
Biotransformation of irbesartan in man. (1998)

The metabolism of irbesartan, a highly selective and potent nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, has been investigated in humans. An aliquot of pooled urine from healthy subjects given a 50-mg oral dose of [14C]irbesartan was added as a tracer to urine from healthy subjects that received multiple, 900-mg nonradiolabeled doses of irbesartan. Urinary metabolites were isolated, and structures were elucidated by mass spectroscopy, proton NMR, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention times. Irbesartan and the following eight metabolites were identified in human urine: (1) a tetrazole N2-beta-glucuronide conjugate of irbesartan, (2) a monohydroxylated metabolite resulting from omega-1 oxidation of the butyl side chain, (3, 4) two different monohydroxylated metabolites resulting from oxidation of the spirocyclopentane ring, (5) a diol resulting from omega-1 oxidation of the butyl side chain and oxidation of the spirocyclopentane ring, (6) a keto metabolite resulting from further oxidation of the omega-1 monohydroxy metabolite, (7) a keto-alcohol resulting from further oxidation of the omega-1 hydroxyl of the diol, and (8) a carboxylic acid metabolite resulting from oxidation of the terminal methyl group of the butyl side chain. Biotransformation profiles of pooled urine, feces, and plasma samples from healthy male volunteers given doses of [14C]irbesartan were determined by HPLC. The predominant drug-related component in plasma was irbesartan (76-88% of the plasma radioactivity). None of the metabolites exceeded 9% of the plasma radioactivity. Radioactivity in urine accounted for about 20% of the radiolabeled dose. In urine, irbesartan and its glucuronide each accounted for about 5 to 10% of the urinary radioactivity. The predominant metabolite in urine was the omega-1 hydroxylated metabolite, which constituted about 25% of the urinary radioactivity. In feces, irbesartan was the predominant drug-related component (about 30% of the radioactivity), and the primary metabolites were monohydroxylated metabolites and the carboxylic acid metabolite. Irbesartan and these identified metabolites constituted 90% of the recovered urinary and fecal radioactivity from human subjects given oral doses of [14C]irbesartan.
Phage auxiliary metabolic genes and the redirection of cyanobacterial host carbon metabolism (2011)

Cyanophages infecting the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus encode and express genes for the photosynthetic light reactions. Sequenced cyanophage genomes lack Calvin cycle genes, however, suggesting that photosynthetic energy harvested via phage proteins is not used for carbon fixation. We report here that cyanophages carry and express a Calvin cycle inhibitor, CP12, whose host homologue directs carbon flux from the Calvin cycle to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Phage CP12 was coexpressed with phage genes involved in the light reactions, deoxynucleotide biosynthesis, and the PPP, including a transaldolase gene that is the most prevalent PPP gene in cyanophages. Phage transaldolase was purified to homogeneity from several strains and shown to be functional in vitro, suggesting that it might facilitate increased flux through this key reaction in the host PPP, augmenting production of NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate. Kinetic measurements of phage and host transaldolases revealed that the phage enzymes have k(cat)/K(m) values only approximately one third of the corresponding host enzymes. The lower efficiency of phage transaldolase may be a tradeoff for other selective advantages such as reduced gene size: we show that more than half of host-like cyanophage genes are significantly shorter than their host homologues. Consistent with decreased Calvin cycle activity and increased PPP and light reaction activity under infection, the host NADPH/NADP ratio increased two-fold in infected cells. We propose that phage-augmented NADPH production fuels deoxynucleotide biosynthesis for phage replication, and that the selection pressures molding phage genomes involve fitness advantages conferred through mobilization of host energy stores.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reactions. Part 27. Allylstannylation of Alkenes via Radical Process. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AMPHOTERIC BEHAVIOR OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS (1926)

Electrometric titrations of glycine, sulfanilic acid, and various mixtures of the two have been made. These mixtures are shown to give a curve which, between their respective isoelectric points, is different from that of either substance. These mixtures have a maximum buffering power at a pH which can be theoretically calculated, and which has the characteristics of an "isoelectric point of the system." Other pairs of ampholytes are shown to act in an analogous manner.
Allgemeine Eigenschaften von Viren (1973)

Viren sind die kleinsten infektiösen Einheiten (20–300 nm im Durchmesser), sie enthalten ein Nucleinsäure-Molekül (RNS oder DNS) als Genom. Die Nucleinsäure ist von einer Proteinhülle umgeben, die gesamte infektiöse Einheit wird als Virion bezeichnet. Viren können sich nur in lebenden Zellen vermehren. Die Virus-Nucleinsäure enthält die nötigen Informationen, um in der infizierten Wirtszelle die Synthese zahlreicher Makromoleküle zu veranlassen; gegen Ende des Vermehrungscyclus werden steigende Mengen von Virus-Nucleinsäure und -Hüll-protein gebildet. Bei der Zusammenlagerung der Hüllproteine bildet sich das Capsid, das die Nucleinsäure umgibt und sie gegen extracelluläre Einflüsse stabilisiert. Mit Hilfe des Hüllproteins erfolgt die Anheftung und vielleicht auch die Penetration des Virus nach dem Kontakt mit einer empfänglichen Zelle.
Redressement d'un estimateur de la consommation en eau potable d'une population (2013)

International audience
Estimation of temperature gradient effects on the normalized surface impedance of soils (1997)

Ground impedance measurements are used for sound propagation predictions and to determine soil properties. Solar heating of the ground leads to significant temperature swings and gradients in the near surface soil. The equations of thermoacoustics are applied to estimate the magnitude of the temperature effects on the impedance and develop an approximate equation for the adjustment of measured impedance. Ambient temperature effects are shown to be significant; temperature gradient effects in soils are negligible. The theory is applicable to noise control applications where larger gradients may occur in sound absorbing materials.
A multi-sensor dataset with annotated activities of daily living recorded in a residential setting (2023)

SPHERE is a large multidisciplinary project to research and develop a sensor network to facilitate home healthcare by activity monitoring, specifically towards activities of daily living. It aims to use the latest technologies in low powered sensors, internet of things, machine learning and automated decision making to provide benefits to patients and clinicians. This dataset comprises data collected from a SPHERE sensor network deployment during a set of experiments conducted in the 'SPHERE House' in Bristol, UK, during 2016, including video tracking, accelerometer and environmental sensor data obtained by volunteers undertaking both scripted and non-scripted activities of daily living in a domestic residence. Trained annotators provided ground-truth labels annotating posture, ambulation, activity and location. This dataset is a valuable resource both within and outside the machine learning community, particularly in developing and evaluating algorithms for identifying activities of daily living from multi-modal sensor data in real-world environments. A subset of this dataset was released as a machine learning competition in association with the European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML-PKDD 2016).
Identification of an 18 bp deletion in the TWIST1 gene by CO-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-PCR (COLD-PCR) for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis: first case report (2013)

COLD-PCR proved to be a simple and powerful tool for the identification of minority mutated alleles even in the case of a moderately large deletion (18 bp) and confirmed to be very suitable for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of a variety of genetic diseases.
Hollow titanium dioxide spheres as anode material for lithium ion battery with largely improved rate stability and cycle performance by suppressing the formation of solid electrolyte interface layer (2015)

This work reports the origin of the irreversible capacity loss during the initial cycles of the nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub>anode in the lithium ion battery.
Surgical management of the apical vaginal defect (2002)

The best approach for restoration of vaginal apical support remains controversial with abdominal and vaginal routes commonly utilized. A single approach or procedure based on the surgeon's preference is not always optimal. Procedure selection should be individualized based on the patient's age, comorbidities, prior surgical history and level of physical and sexual activity. The transvaginal uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension is increasingly our procedure of choice for management of the apical defect due to its versatility, reduced postoperative morbidity and excellent short-term results.
Monitoring International Travelers Arriving in Hong Kong for Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

We sequenced ≈50% of coronavirus disease cases imported to Hong Kong during March-July 2021 and identified 70 cases caused by Delta variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The genomic diversity detected in Hong Kong was similar to global diversity, suggesting travel hubs can play a substantial role in surveillance.
Scanning Kelvin Force Microscopy For Characterizing Nanostructures in Atmosphere (2007)

The Electrostatic Force Microscope (EFM) and the related Scanning Kelvin Force Microscope (SKFM) are of interest for the measurement of potential distributions within nanostructures and for work function measurements of gate metals for next generation CMOS. EFM phase mode has better spatial resolution than SKFM because its signal depends on the electric field gradient, while the SKFM's signal depends on the electric field directly. We have determined the effect of data acquisition conditions on spatial resolution and accuracy of CPD measured with SKFM in atmosphere by using various commercially available tips and a specially designed test chip containing up to four different metal layers. The test chip contains structures intended to simulate nanoparticles and nanowires in various combinations of metals. By comparison to measurements on the test structures using tips with known work functions, the effective work functions of tips with unknown work functions can be estimated. A simple computer model was developed that predicts SKFM signal as a function of tip and sample measurement geometries. Qualitative agreement between the measured and modeled SKFM signal is seen.
High signal-to-noise-ratio electro-optical terahertz imaging system based on an optical demodulating detector array (2009)

We present a 64x48 pixel 2D electro-optical terahertz (THz) imaging system using a photonic mixing device time-of-flight camera as an optical demodulating detector array. The combination of electro-optic detection with a time-of-flight camera increases sensitivity drastically, enabling the use of a nonamplified laser source for high-resolution real-time THz electro-optic imaging.
A compact circumferential scanned endoscopic imaging probe using a MEMS-driven pyramidal polygon reflector (2012)

A novel prototype of electrothermal chevron-beam actuator based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) platform has been successfully developed for circumferential scan. Microassembly technology is utilized to construct this platform, which consists of a MEMS chevron-beam type microactuator and a micro pyramidal polygon reflector. The proposed electrothermal microactuators with a two-stage electrothermal cascaded chevron-beam driving mechanism provide displacement amplification, and thus driving a highly reflective micro-pyramidal polygon reflector to rotate a large angle for light beam scan. This MEMS platform is ultra-compact, supports circumferential imaging capability, and is suitable for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (EOCT) application, for example intravascular cancer detection.
Chronic fatigue syndrome: oxidative stress and dietary modifications. (2001)

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear; however, a number of recent studies have shown oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. The role of oxidative stress in CFS is an important area for current and future research as it suggests the use of antioxidants in the management of CFS. Specifically, the dietary supplements glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, Ginkgo biloba, and Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) may be beneficial. In addition, research on food intolerance is discussed, since food intolerance may be involved in CFS symptom presentation and in oxidation via cytokine induction. Finally, recent evidence suggests celiac disease can present with neurological symptoms in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms; therefore, celiac disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of CFS.
HGG-19. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS UNCOVERS 3 DISTINCT SUBGROUPS AND MULTIPLE TARGETABLE GENE FUSIONS IN INFANT GLIOMAS (2019)

BACKGROUND: Infants (< 1 year of age) with low (LGG)- and high-grade gliomas (HGG) have paradoxical survival outcomes when compared with older children. The association between tumor grade and outcome is less predictable, as is the response to classic LGG and HGG treatment. The clinical and molecular factors underlying these differences remain poorly characterized. METHODS: Multi-institutional collaborative retrospective study. We integrated genetic testing with morphologic characterization and detailed clinical outcome of 142 patients diagnosed with gliomas (WHO I-IV) in the first year of life with follow-up data spanning three decades (1985–2017). Novel oncofusions were further validated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Infant gliomas comprise three unique groups of tumors; Group 1 are hemispheric receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-driven tumors, mostly but not exclusively HGG, and include gliomas harboring unreported ALK, ROS1 and NTRK1/2/3 fusions, analogous to alterations observed in adult tumors, such as lung cancer. Unlike in adult cancers, these alterations were often the only genetic drivers present. iNHA cells transduced with the most common ALK fusions were tumorigenic in vivo and susceptible to targeted agents. Group 2 are hemispheric Ras/MAPK-driven tumors, which show excellent long-term survival requiring minimal interventions post-surgery. Group 3 are midline Ras/MAPK-driven gliomas, enriched for LGG (optic pathway hypothalamic glioma) harboring BRAF alterations and with a surprisingly poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Most infant LGG and HGG showed single and actionable molecular drivers (BRAF, FGFR, ALK, ROS1, NTRK and MET), including novel oncofusions that are observed throughout pathological grades. This study broadens our understanding of cancers early in life and highlights the need for a change to clinical practice: early biopsy, routine molecular characterization, and the evaluation of targeted inhibitors in their treatment.
Group 4 Metal Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Stabilized by Bidentate O,P Ligands (2007)

A series of bis(phosphanylphenoxide) group 4 metal dichloride complexes has been synthesized via treatment of MCl4(THF)2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) with sodium salts of the phosphanylphenols. The complexes bearing diphenylphosphine donors adopt C1-symmetric, all-cis ground-state structures as determined by X-ray crystallography. In solution an O,P ligand exchange process is observed. Eyring analyses indicate a nondissociative process proposed to proceed via a 120° rotation of the P,P,Cl or the O,P,Cl trigonal faces. A zirconium complex containing diisopropylphosphine donors adopts a configurationally rigid trans-P2 geometry. In ethylene polymerization studies (methylaluminoxane (MAO) activation), bis(6-tert-butyl-2-diphenylphosphanylphenoxide) zirconium and hafnium catalysts gave activities up to 49 000 and 2000 g/mmol·h·bar, respectively. Both of these catalysts also afforded efficient catalyzed chain growth using ZnEt2. The zirconium derivative afforded activities up to 13 300 g/mmol·h for propylene polymerization using “dried”-MAO (DMAO) as the cocatalyst. The polymer had a slight syndiotactic bias and is formed by a chain-end control mechanism. A dibenzyl analogue of the highly active zirconium catalyst revealed an all-cis structure by crystallography, but a mixture of isomers in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Cationic monoalkyl complexes were synthesized using either [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] or DMAO and suggest a highly fluxional structure for the catalytically active species.
Frictional Properties of Hydrogenated and Deuterated Alkanethiols (2002)

Journal Article Frictional Properties of Hydrogenated and Deuterated Alkanethiols Get access J R Garcia, J R Garcia University of Texas at El Paso, PMB 162, 105 E. San Antonio Ave. El Paso TX, 79901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D C Christensen, D C Christensen UW-Madison, ERB 205, 1500 Engineering Dr. Madison WI, 53706 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R W Carpick R W Carpick UW-Madison, ERB 205, 1500 Engineering Dr. Madison WI, 53706 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 8, Issue S02, 1 August 2002, Pages 768–769, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927602106647 Published: 01 August 2002
Benzodiazepines. XII. Synthesis of 5-(2-pyridyl)- and 3-methyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. (1975)

The synthesis of 5-(2-pyridyl)-and 3-methyl-1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-ones by oxidative ring enlargement of the corresponding 2-aminomethyl-and 2-(1-aminoethyl) indoles is described.
Sleep nasendoscopy as a predictor of treatment success in snorers using mandibular advancement splints (2005)

This study assessed the effect on the upper airway during sleep nasendoscopy of mimicking the action of a mandibular advancement splint. Twenty-seven subjects with a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing were referred for mandibular advancement splint therapy following sleep nasendoscopy. Sleep nasendoscopy was repeated for all subjects with, and without, the appliance in situ. Follow-up sleep studies with a mandibular advancement splint in situ were undertaken for 19 individuals with significant obstructive sleep apnoea. With the mandibular advancement splint, subjective snoring levels and airway patency improved as predicted in all but one individual. Residual palatal flutter was predicted for five subjects and occurred in eight individuals. Follow-up sleep studies showed highly statistically significant reductions in median apnoea-hypopnoea index (from 28.1 to 6.1, p < 0.001). Mimicking the action of a mandibular advancement splint during sleep nasendoscopy helps considerably in the patient selection process for this form of treatment.
Impact of diabetes duration on the extent and severity of coronary atheroma burden and long-term clinical outcome in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients: evaluation by Coronary CT angiography (2015)

In asymptomatic diabetic patients, longer diabetes duration is associated with a higher prevalence, extent, and severity of CAD as well as risk of MACCE. Moreover, greater CAD burden increases the risk of MACCE independent of co-existing CAD risk factors.
Oxidative stability of structured lipids produced from sunflower oil and caprylic acid (2003)

Abstract Traditional sunflower oil (SO), randomized lipid (RL) and specific structured lipid (SL), both produced from SO and tricaprylin/caprylic acid, respectively, were stored for up to 12 wk to compare their oxidative stabilities by chemical and sensory analyses. Furthermore, the effect of adding a commercial antioxidant blend Grindox 117 (propyl gallate/ citric acid/ascorbyl palmitate) or gallic acid to the SL was investigated. The lipid type affected the oxidative stability: SL was less stable than SO and RL. The reduced stability was most likely caused by both the structure of the lipid and differences in production/ purification, which caused lower tocopherol content and higher initial levels of primary and secondary oxidation products in SL compared with RL and SO. Grindox 117 and gallic acid did not exert a distinct antioxidative effect in the SL oil samples during storage.
Interleukin‐23 promotes Th17 differentiation by inhibiting T‐bet and FoxP3 and is required for elevation of interleukin‐22, but not interleukin‐21, in autoimmune experimental arthritis (2010)

IL-23 promotes Th17 differentiation by inhibiting T-bet and FoxP3 and is required for elevation of IL-22, but not IL-21, levels in autoimmune arthritis. These data indicate different mechanisms for IL-23 and TGFbeta1/IL-6 at the transcription factor level during Th17 differentiation in autoimmune experimental arthritis.
Optical and Theoretical Studies of Giant Clouds in Spiral Galaxies (1980)

An optical study of four spiral galaxies, combined with radiative transfer models for transmitted and scattered light, has led to a determination of the opacities and masses of numerous dark patches and dust lanes that outline spiral structure. The observed compression factors for the spiral-like dust lanes are in accord with our expectations from the theory of gas flow in spiral density waves. Several low density (10 2 cm -3 ) clouds containing 10 6 to 10 7 M⊙ were also studied. We discuss these results in terms of recent theoretical models of cloud and star formation in spiral galaxies. The long-term evolution of giant molecular clouds is shown to have important consequences for the positions and ages of star formation sites in spiral arms.