gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Certifying Strategyproof Auction Networks (2020)

Optimal auctions maximize a seller's expected revenue subject to individual rationality and strategyproofness for the buyers. Myerson's seminal work in 1981 settled the case of auctioning a single item; however, subsequent decades of work have yielded little progress moving beyond a single item, leaving the design of revenue-maximizing auctions as a central open problem in the field of mechanism design. A recent thread of work in "differentiable economics" has used tools from modern deep learning to instead learn good mechanisms. We focus on the RegretNet architecture, which can represent auctions with arbitrary numbers of items and participants; it is trained to be empirically strategyproof, but the property is never exactly verified leaving potential loopholes for market participants to exploit. We propose ways to explicitly verify strategyproofness under a particular valuation profile using techniques from the neural network verification literature. Doing so requires making several modifications to the RegretNet architecture in order to represent it exactly in an integer program. We train our network and produce certificates in several settings, including settings for which the optimal strategyproof mechanism is not known.
The insertion site of the temperate phage HB-746 is located near the phage remnant in the pneumococcal host chromosome (1992)

Combined Southern blot hybridization analyses of DNA digests of several clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae have revealed the presence of a gene (hblR), or part of it, similar to the hbl7 gene coding for the cell wall lytic enzyme of the temperate HB-746 phage. The results confirmed that the genome of HB-746, which contains protein covalently linked to the 5' ends of its DNA, becomes integrated into the host strain 8R1 and showed that both the host and phage attachment sites, attB and attP, lie downstream of the 3' end of the structural region of the hblR and hbl7 genes, respectively. The data reported also highlight some evolutionary relationships between phage and bacteria.
Ellipsoidal and parabolic glass capillaries as condensers for x-ray microscopes (2008)

Single-bounce ellipsoidal and paraboloidal glass capillary focusing optics have been fabricated for use as condenser lenses for both synchrotron and tabletop x-ray microscopes in the x-ray energy range of 2.5-18 keV. The condenser numerical apertures (NAs) of these devices are designed to match the NA of x-ray zone plate objectives, which gives them a great advantage over zone plate condensers in laboratory microscopes. The fabricated condensers have slope errors as low as 20 murad rms. These capillaries provide a uniform hollow-cone illumination with almost full focusing efficiency, which is much higher than what is available with zone plate condensers. Sub-50 nm resolution at 8 keV x-ray energy was achieved by utilizing this high-efficiency condenser in a laboratory microscope based on a rotating anode generator.
A Dense, Vibrated Granular Fluid in Gravity: NMR Measurements of Grain Motion in Three Dimensions (2001)

We have used an NMR technique to measure the short-time, three-dimensional displacement of grains in a system of mustard seeds vibrated vertically at 15g. The technique averages over a time interval in which the grains move ballistically, giving a direct measurement of the granular temperature profile. The dense, lower portion of the sample is well described by a recent hydrodynamic theory for inelastic hard spheres. Near the free upper surface the mean free path is longer than the particle diameter and the hydrodynamic description fails.
Cancer immunology. (1993)

In this review, we address current progress in various facets of the immune response to cancer, including 1) the molecular identification of tumor antigens implicated in immune recognition, 2) experimental studies of cytokine gene transfer into cancer cells, and 3) adoptive transfer of immune effector cells. These studies provide strategies for the future development of immunotherapy for cancer.
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Data and Knowledge Quality (DKQ 2005) (2005)

Workshop in conjunction with the French-Speaking Conference on Extraction and Management of Knowledge (Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances - EGC 2005, Paris, France)
Soil Fabric Changes During Consolidation (1997)

Abstract A method for characterizing the directional distribution of voids in soils at the microstructural level is presented. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to obtain high-resolution, high-magnification images of the soil microstructure. These images were analyzed using an image analysis program to obtain parameters of the directional void ratio distribution function. Useful indices based on both solid and void phases for describing the changes of fabric in soils are proposed, and their evolution under one-dimensional compression of soils is studied. The analyses showed a high degree of preferred orientation attained by soil particles during consolidation.
Extended-forward architecture for simplified check node processing in NB-LDPC decoders (2017)

This paper focuses on low complexity architectures for check node processing in Non-Binary LDPC decoders. To be specific, we focus on Extended Min-Sum decoders and consider the state-of-the-art Forward-Backward and Syndrome-Based approaches. We recall the presorting technique that allows for significant complexity reduction at the Elementary Check Node level. The Extended-Forward architecture is then presented as an original new architecture for efficient syndrome calculation. These advances lead to a new architecture for check node processing with reduced area. As an example, we provide implementation results over GF(64) and code rate 5/6 showing complexity reduction by a factor of up to 2.6.
Self-assembled multiferroic nanostructures in the CoFe2O4-PbTiO3 system (2005)

The effect of substrate orientation on the morphologies of epitaxial self-assembled nanostructures was demonstrated using multiferroic 0.67PbTiO3-0.33CoFe2O4 thin films. The two-phase composite films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates having (001) and (110) orientations. The nanostructures of both orientations consisted of vertical rod- or platelet-like columns of CoFe2O4 dispersed in a PbTiO3 matrix. For the (001) orientation the platelet habits were parallel to the {110} planes, whereas for the (110) orientation the platelets were parallel to the {111} planes. The differences were explained using a thermodynamic theory of heterophase structures.
Search for a T_20 Analyzer for Deuterons (1982)

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 81-14339 and by Indiana University
Polymerization of Aniline in Microemulsion by Catalytic Air Oxidation (2015)

Summary A copper catalyzed air oxidation process is presented for polymerization of aniline in a microemulsion constituting with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and n‐butanol. The process was demonstrated to give stable and pitch‐dark emulsions of Emeraldine base in molecular weights of 33800 Da, as inferred from the capillary viscometer. A fairly linear viscosity‐conversion relation was noted in each case up to 95.0% of conversion. Differential light scattering (DLS) measurements showed 70 nm of average particle size for the polyaniline (PANI) in the emulsion. Conductivities measured by four‐ point probe technique indicated conductivities 8.3×10 −8 and 9.8 Scm −1 for un‐doped and doped PANI.
Prebiotics and Probiotics - Potential Benefits in Human Nutrition and Health (2020)

The growing interest of using probiotic bacteria into foods has lately increased due to its beneficial effects on intestinal microbiota. This fact has motivated researchers and the food industry to develop new functional products, such as probiotics. The probiotic fruit juices can be a good alternative for new foodstuff production mainly for people with galactosemia and lactose intolerance. Among the microencapsulation techniques of probiotics in juices, spray drying and freeze drying are two of the most used with 220 and 228 publications found in Science Direct, 8 and 0 Web Science, and 5 and 0 in SCOPUS, respectively. Several studies have reported the addition of probiotics in different fruit juices to produce functional beverages; however, there are no reports on the use of three or more probiotic microorganisms in mixed beverage. Our research group has been directing studies in this area in order to provide results of scientific interest and to food industry.
Synchronization of Optical Pulses with Microwave Signals (2005)

Synchronization of optical pulses with microwave and millimeter-wave signals is an indispensable technology for such applications as optical communication and optical metrology. This paper reviews the principles and recent progress of synchronization techniques for optical pulses emitted by solid-state and semiconductor mode-locked lasers. Various methods have been employed to realize precise synchronization, such as the use of an optoelectronic phase-locked loop, injection-locking, or active or hybrid mode-locking.
IDENTIFICATION OF QTLS CONTRIBUTING TO RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT STRAINS OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC CUCUMOVIRUS IN MELON (2000)

7. EUCARPIA Meeting on Cucurbit genetics and breeding, Ma'ale Ha Hamisha, ISR (2000-03-19 - 2000-03-23)
Performance analysis of a tubular linear motor applied in compressors (2010)

Tubular actuators with short strokes represent an excellent alternative to pneumatic or hydraulic actuators in different fields of applications, whenever fast response, flexibility, high reliability and safety are required. The purpose of this paper is to determine the dynamic behaviour of tubular linear motor for radial and sinusoidal magnetization of magnets. The 3D finite element magnetodynamic analyses are performed using a magnetic vector potential formulation. The linear displacement is modelled by means of a layer of finite elements placed in the air gap. The analyses allow prediction of the thrust force and the back-emf for all the different basic arrangements due to the magnetization pattern of the magnets. (4 pages)
Lösungsmöglichkeiten nach fehlgeschlagenen Osteosynthesen am Oberschenkelschaft (2004)

Für die Versorgung von Frakturen im Bereich des Oberschenkelschaftes hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten mehr und mehr die Methode der Oberschenkelmarknagelung etabliert. Es wird in diesem Beitrag daher auf Lösungsmöglichkeiten nach Fehlschlägen dieser Osteosyntheseform näher eingegangen. Auch für diese etablierte Methode der Oberschenkelmarknagelung ergeben sich Fehlermöglichkeiten, die das ursprüngliche Ziel einer frühzeitig belastungsstabilen Osteosynthese in den Hintergrund drängen können. Zugang, Reposition, Implantat und Beingeometrie bilden die wesentlichen Komponenten für Erfolg oder Misserfolg. Anhand prägnanter Beispiele aus dem klinischen Alltag wird versucht, hier eine Hilfestellung zur Lösung von Problemen in diesen Bereichen zu geben.
Photochemistry of Glycosyl Azides (1974)

Irradiation with u.v. light of a methanolic solution of β-D-glucopyranosyl (1), α-D-mannopyranosyl (3), or β-D-galactopyranosyl (4) azide affords in good yield the corresponding next-lower aldose. In the case of β-maltosyl (6), β-D-ribofuranosyl (7), or α-L-arabinopyranosyl (8) azide, there was observed the formation of an intermediate which, on standing in the dark, reverts back to starting material.
Application of Vibration Lapping to Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (2000)

Finishing mechanism of vibration lapping is analyzed in detail. The comparison experiment is made by way of the vibration lapping apparatus, which is developed by the author. The result shows that high removal rates and better finish are obtained in vibration lapping as compared to conventional finishing.
Multiple Arylation of Phenols around the Oxygen under Palladium Catalysis (1999)

Abstract Phenols undergo pentaarylation around the oxygen upon a single treatment with excess aryl bromides in the presence of a palladium catalyst system to produce 2-(1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)-6-(1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl-2′-yl)phenol derivatives.
Système d’Antennes directif et Reconfigurable pour Noeud de Capteurs Sans Fil (2017)

Dans cet article, la conception d’un systeme d’antennes a diagramme reconfigurable et utilisant le principe de la superdirectivite est propose. Ce systeme directif dedie a equiper les reseaux de capteurs sans fil dans la bande Wi-Fi (2,4-2,485 GHz) est compose de 2 antennes pouvant etre alimentees, combinees a 2 elements parasites charges pouvant couvrir 4 directions correspondant chacun a un mode, selon le port excite et le triplet de diodes PIN active. Le gain total simule et mesure de ce systeme est de 4 dBi pour chaque mode.
Computational complexities of sphere decoding according to initial radius selection schemes and an efficient initial radius reduction scheme (2005)

We analyze the computational complexity of sphere decoding (SD) for maximum likelihood detection (MLD) according to initial radius selection schemes, and also propose an efficient initial radius reduction scheme that reduces further the initial radius. As the initial radius for SD, we use the Euclidean distance between the received signal vector and the lattice vector corresponding to a suboptimum initial estimate. The proposed initial radius reduction scheme selects a new lattice vector closer to the received signal vector than the initial lattice vector in order to reduce the initial radius further. From our analyses, the reduction in the overall complexity due to further reduction of initial radius gets more significant as the SNR decreases. The ZF-DFE scheme in a combination with the proposed radius reduction scheme has the fewest computations over practical SNR range for communications, and its computations are less than that of the vertical Bell-labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) detection scheme with optimal ordering, even at low SNR values achieving an uncoded bit error rate (BER) of 0.1.
Discovery of a Small Molecule that Blocks Wall Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus (2009)

Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contain bactoprenol-dependent biosynthetic pathways expressing non-essential cell surface polysaccharides that function as virulence factors. Although these polymers are not required for bacterial viability in vitro, genes in many of the biosynthetic pathways are conditionally essential: they cannot be deleted except in strains incapable of initiating polymer synthesis. We report a cell-based, pathway-specific strategy to screen for small molecule inhibitors of conditionally essential enzymes. The screen identifies molecules that prevent the growth of a wildtype bacterial strain but do not affect the growth of a mutant strain incapable of initiating polymer synthesis. We have applied this approach to discover inhibitors of wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. WTAs are anionic cell surface polysaccharides required for host colonization that have been suggested as targets for new antimicrobials. We have identified a small molecule, 7-chloro-N,N-diethyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinolin-5-amine (1835F03), that inhibits the growth of a panel of S. aureus strains (MIC = 1-3 microg mL(-1)), including clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Using a combination of biochemistry and genetics, we have identified the molecular target as TarG, the transmembrane component of the ABC transporter that exports WTAs to the cell surface. We also show that preventing the completion of WTA biosynthesis once it has been initiated triggers growth arrest. The discovery of 1835F03 validates our chemical genetics strategy for identifying inhibitors of conditionally essential enzymes, and the strategy should be applicable to many other bactoprenol-dependent biosynthetic pathways in the pursuit of novel antibacterials and probes of bacterial stress responses.
Controlled energy transfer between isolated donor-acceptor molecules intercalated in thermally self-ensemble two-dimensional hydrogen bonding cages (2012)

Thermally assembled hydrogen bonding cages which are neither size nor guest specific have been developed using a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) host. A water-soluble conjugated polymer poly(2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1,4-phenylene, disodium salt-alt-1,4-phenylene) (PPP-OPSO${}_{3}$) as a donor and tris(2,2-bipyridyl)- ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)${}_{3}$${}^{2+}$] as an acceptor have been isolated and trapped in such a PVA matrix network. This is a unique system that shows negligible exciton diffusion and the donor and acceptor predominantly interact by a direct single step excitation transfer process (DSSET). Singlet and triplet exciton quenching have been studied. Time-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurement at different acceptor concentrations has enabled us to determine the dimensionality of the energy-transfer process within the PVA scaffold. Our results reveal that the PVA hydrogen bonding network effectively isolates the donor-acceptor molecules in a two-dimensional layer structure (lamella) leading to the condition where a precise control of the energy and charge transfer is possible.
Efficient all p-type heterojunction photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting (2017)

In this paper, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanostructures with different morphologies (nanoparticles (NPs), nanosheets (NSs) and nanocubes (NCs)) are directly grown on an ITO substrate using a hydrothermal method. Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> is loaded onto Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to construct a Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterojunction, which is used as an all p-type photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for the first time. The specific morphologies of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> have been discussed in detail. The improved PEC properties of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterojunction are characterized. Among them, the outstanding photocurrent density of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NC/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterojunction photocathode is accessed by -1.32 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at -0.4 V vs. RHE. The enhanced PEC properties result from more active sites of specific crystal planes, excellent optical performance, suitable band gradient alignment and increased charge separation and charge transfer rate.
A role of the SAM domain in EphA2 receptor activation (2017)

Among the 20 subfamilies of protein receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), Eph receptors are unique in possessing a sterile alpha motif (SAM domain) at their C-terminal ends. However, the functions of SAM domains in Eph receptors remain elusive. Here we report on a combined cell biology and quantitative fluorescence study to investigate the role of the SAM domain in EphA2 function. We observed elevated tyrosine autophosphorylation levels upon deletion of the EphA2 SAM domain (EphA2ΔS) in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells and a skin tumor cell line derived from EphA1/A2 knockout mice. These results suggest that SAM domain deletion induced constitutive activation of EphA2 kinase activity. In order to explain these effects, we applied fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to investigate the lateral molecular organization of EphA2. Our results indicate that SAM domain deletion (EphA2ΔS-GFP) increases oligomerization compared to the full length receptor (EphA2FL-GFP). Stimulation with ephrinA1, a ligand for EphA2, induced further oligomerization and activation of EphA2FL-GFP. The SAM domain deletion mutant, EphA2ΔS-GFP, also underwent further oligomerization upon ephrinA1 stimulation, but the oligomers were larger than those observed for EphA2FL-GFP. Based on these results, we conclude that the EphA2 SAM domain inhibits kinase activity by reducing receptor oligomerization.
Synthesis of Novel Morphinans From Thebaine (1981)

The synthesis of codeinone enol ethers from thebaine, via acetals of 14beta-bromocodeinone, has been successfully carried out. These enol ethers have, in turn, been converted into 6-alkoxy-6-desmethoxy-19-alkylthevinols, which have been shown to be analgesics of potency comparable to that of morphine. The reduction of 14beta-bromocodeinone dimethyl acetal to thebaine has been investigated, and it has been proved that the reaction leads to highly selective loss of the 6B-methoxy group. The synthesis of 14beta-alkylthionorcodeinones has been accomplished by reaction of N-t-butoxycarbonylnorthebaine with sulphenyl chlorides, followed by deprotection. Thebaine itself does not undergo sulphenyl-ation under these conditions and has proved unreactive towards other sulphur reagents. However, 14beta-(2-phenylethyl)thiocodeinone has been produced by N-methylation of the corresponding nor base. These alkylthiocodeinone derivatives have been tested for analgesic potency and have been found to be analgesics of moderate to high activity. Some reactions of the alkylthionorcodeinones, including their oxidation to 14-alkylsulphonylnorcodeinones, have been investigated. Thebaine has been found to react with certain sulphenyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine to give Diels-Alder type adducts, whose formation is consistent with generation of thioaldehydes in situ. The formation of these adducts, the first of their kind, and some of their reactions have been investigated.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Naphthenate Formation and Related pH Change Experiments (2009)

Summary The prediction and prevention of both sodium and calcium naphthenate "scales" is an important issue in oil production. A broad description of how these scales form has been available for some time, although most experimental findings are still of a qualitative nature. In this paper, an equilibrium thermodynamic model is presented for predicting naphthenate partitioning and precipitation in an oil/brine immiscible system from some chosen initial conditions (i.e., naphthenate initial concentration in oil, brine pH, [Ca2+], etc.). This model has, with some assumptions, been applied to both model and real naphthenate system. This model describes two types of naphthenate experiment: 1) full naphthenate precipitation, and 2) simpler "pH change" experiments in which no precipitation occurs. To predict naphthenate precipitation, the theory suggests knowing: 1) the partition coefficient of the naphthenic acid, HA, between the oil and the water phases, Kow; 2) the pKa of the naphthenic acid in water; and 3) the solubility product, KCaA2 (or other similar solubility parameter), of the naphthenate deposit. In the simpler pH change experiments, only the first two of these parameters (i.e., Kow and pKa) are required. Using the naphthenate model without precipitation, the effect of varying parameters on the degree of pH change predicted at equilibrium in the oil/naphthenic acid/brine system was studied. Also, the model was used to examine the sensitivities of the various parameters on the final pH was also applied. The comparison between the model predictions and experiment at a higher brine pH value is overall satisfactory.
Second generation fracturing fluids (1970)

The process of hydraulically fracturing oil and gas wells has been constantly improved since the method was first introduced. The first fluids used actually evolved from incendiary fuel gel knowledge accumulated during World War II. They were composed of fuel oil, kerosine or crude oil, and were very combustible. Friction losses in pipe were high, fluid leakoff in the formation was excessive, and the rate that sand grains dropped in the fluid was a problem. Improvements were not long in coming, and fluid loss additives, friction reducers, and gelled water appeared as hydraulic fracturing became more sophisticated. Research performed by Esso Production Research of Houston resulted in a new fracturing fluid called Super-Frac which has caused a re-examination of the ideal properties a fluid should have, and from which other fluids have evolved.