gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breath Acetone Analysis of Diabetic Dogs Using a Cavity Ringdown Breath Analyzer (2014)

Some dogs develop a form of diabetes mellitus (DM) similar to that seen in children (juvenile, or Type 1 DM). It is characterized by concurrent high blood glucose (BG) and urine glucose concentrations. Elevated breath acetone concentrations have been observed in Type 1 DM in humans, though a quantitative correlation between breath acetone and BG has yet to be determined. The study of breath acetone in diabetic dogs might allow the use of breath acetone as a biomarker for diabetes in both humans and animals. We report on breath acetone analysis of 51 dogs (37 nondiabetic dogs and 14 diabetic dogs). Breath samples were collected and simultaneous BG levels (if applicable) were measured. Breath acetone tests were conducted using a real-time breath acetone analyzer that is based on the cavity ringdown spectroscopy technique. Absolute breath acetone concentrations (upper limits) were determined without the need for breath sample preconcentration and measurement calibration. For the 37 nondiabetic dogs, their exhaled breath acetone concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 2.42 parts per million (ppm). For the 14 diabetic dogs, breath acetone concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 5.80 ppm with a BG range of 30-750 mg/dL. The mean breath acetone concentration in the 14 diabetic dogs is 1.25 ppm, which is higher than that in the 37 nondiabetic dogs, i.e., 0.60 ppm. The mean breath acetone concentration in nondiabetic dogs, 0.60 ppm, is close to the mean breath acetone concentration in healthy humans. Although diabetic dogs exhibit elevated mean breath acetone concentration, as in human Type 1 DM, no correlation was found between breath acetone concentration and BG level in the diabetic dogs in this paper.
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement, proliferation and organization in the developing cerebral cortex (2021)

The radial glial cells serve as neural progenitors and as a migratory guide for newborn neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. These functions require appropriate organization and proliferation of the polarized radial glial scaffold. Here, we demonstrate in mice that the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate protein (MARCKS), a prominent cellular substrate for PKC, modulates radial glial placement and expansion. Loss of MARCKS results in ectopic collection of mitotically active radial progenitors away from the ventricular zone (VZ) in the upper cerebral wall. Apical restriction of key polarity complexes [CDC42, β-catenin (CTNNB1), N-cadherin (CDH2), myosin IIB (MYOIIB), aPKCζ, LGL, PAR3, pericentrin, PROM1] is lost. Furthermore, the radial glial scaffold in Marcks null cortex is compromised, with discontinuous, non-radial processes apparent throughout the cerebral wall and deformed, bulbous, unbranched end-feet at the basal ends. Further, the density of radial processes within the cerebral cortex is reduced. These deficits in radial glial development culminate in aberrant positioning of neurons and disrupted cortical lamination. Genetic rescue experiments demonstrate, surprisingly, that phosphorylation of MARCKS by PKC is not essential for the role of MARCKS in radial glial cell development. By contrast, the myristoylation domain of MARCKS needed for membrane association is essential for MARCKS function in radial glia. The membrane-associated targeting of MARCKS and the resultant polarized distribution of signaling complexes essential for apicobasal polarity may constitute a critical event in the appropriate placement, proliferation and organization of polarized radial glial scaffold in the developing cerebral cortex.
The relationship between body growth and pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis (2013)

CF patients aged 2 to 10 years have long-term impaired growth. Nevertheless, weight gain slowed the decline in FEV1 in these patients.
Polyfluorenes with Dendron Side Chains as the Active Materials for Polymer Light-Emitting Devices (2002)

Stable blue electroluminescence from polyfluorene light-emitting devices with dendron side chains is demonstrated. A detailed photophysical characterization of the material including photoinduced absorption data is given. Color coordinates of (0.189,0.237) and luminances of more than 380 cd m–2 can be obtained with these devices. The Figure shows the chemical structure of the dendronic polyfluorene.
Determination of amylopectin structure and physicochemical properties in rice endosperm starch of mutant lines derived from Malaysian rice cultivar MR219 (2012)

The Malaysian lines studied contain L-type amylopectin and offer a better understanding of grain quality improvement in terms of starch properties and functionality. This information will be directly applicable to select for desirable traits in future breeding programs.
Reaction of 2,4(5)-dialkylimidazoles with formaldehyde. (1974)

In the reaction of 2, 4 (5)-dialkylimidazoles, hydroxymethylated products (II) and dihydropyrazine derivatives (III) were obtained considerable yield in weakly acidic media, but poor yield in weakly basic media. These two reaction products (II) and (III) would be formed competitively.
Distinctive CD3 Heterodimeric Ectodomain Topologies Maximize Antigen-Triggered Activation of αβ T Cell Receptors (2010)

The alphabeta TCR has recently been suggested to function as an anisotropic mechanosensor during immune surveillance, converting mechanical energy into a biochemical signal upon specific peptide/MHC ligation of the alphabeta clonotype. The heterodimeric CD3epsilongamma and CD3epsilondelta subunits, each composed of two Ig-like ectodomains, form unique side-to-side hydrophobic interfaces involving their paired G-strands, rigid connectors to their respective transmembrane segments. Those dimers are laterally disposed relative to the alphabeta heterodimer within the TCR complex. In this paper, using structure-guided mutational analysis, we investigate the functional consequences of a striking asymmetry in CD3gamma and CD3delta G-strand geometries impacting ectodomain shape. The uniquely kinked conformation of the CD3gamma G-strand is crucial for maximizing Ag-triggered TCR activation and surface TCR assembly/expression, offering a geometry to accommodate juxtaposition of CD3gamma and TCR beta ectodomains and foster quaternary change that cannot be replaced by the isologous CD3delta subunit's extracellular region. TCRbeta and CD3 subunit protein sequence analyses among Gnathostomata species show that the Cbeta FG loop and CD3gamma subunit coevolved, consistent with this notion. Furthermore, restoration of T cell activation and development in CD3gamma(-/-) mouse T lineage cells by interspecies replacement can be rationalized from structural insights on the topology of chimeric mouse/human CD3epsilondelta dimers. Most importantly, our findings imply that CD3gamma and CD3delta evolved from a common precursor gene to optimize peptide/MHC-triggered alphabeta TCR activation.
Isolation of cDNAs from Brassica napus encoding the biotin-binding and transcarboxylase domains of acetyl-CoA carboxylase: assignment of the domain structure in a full-length Arabidopsis thaliana genomic clone (1994)

One independent and two overlapping rape cDNA clones have been isolated from a rape embryo library. We have shown that they encode a 2.3 kb and a 2.5 kb stretch of the full-length acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) cDNA, corresponding to the biotin-binding and transcarboxylase domains respectively. Using the cDNA in Northern-blot analysis we have shown that the mRNA for ACCase has a higher level of expression in rape seed than in rape leaf and has a full length of 7.5 kb. The level of expression during rape embryogenesis was compared with both oil deposition and expression of two fatty acid synthetase components enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase and 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase. Levels of ACCase mRNA were shown to peak at 29 days after anthesis during embryonic development, similarly to enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase and 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase mRNA. In addition, a full-length genomic clone (19 kb) of Arabidopsis ACCase has been isolated and partially sequenced. Analysis of the clone has allowed the first plant ACCase activity domains (biotin carboxylase-biotin binding-transcarboxylase) to be ordered and assigned. Southern-blot analysis using the Arabidopsis clone indicates that ACCase is a single-copy gene in Arabidopsis but is encoded by a small gene family in rape.
Innate immunity and mucosal bacterial interactions in the intestine (2004)

More than 50 human genes have been identified to date that can sense and destroy enteric microbes. Elucidation of their physiologic functions will aid in developing new treatment and prevention strategies for inflammatory and infectious diseases in the intestine.
Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury (2007)

Traumatic injuries to the spinal cord lead to severe and permanent neurological deficits. Although no effective therapeutic option is currently available, recent animal studies have shown that cellular transplantation strategies hold promise to enhance functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). This review is to analyze the experiments where transplantation of stem/progenitor cells produced successful functional outcome in animal models of SCI. There is no consensus yet on what kind of stem/progenitor cells is an ideal source for cellular grafts. Three kinds of stem/progenitor cells have been utilized in cell therapy in animal models of SCI: embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. Neural stem cells or fate-restricted neuronal or glial progenitor cells were preferably used because they have clear capacity to become neurons or glial cells after transplantation into the injured spinal cord. At least a part of functional deficits after SCI is attributable to chronic progressive demyelination. Therefore, several studies transplanted glial-restricted progenitors or oligodendrocyte precursors to target the demyelination process. Directed differentiation of stem/progenitor cells to oligodendrocyte lineage prior to transplantation or modulation of microenvironment in the injured spinal cord to promote oligodendroglial differentiation seems to be an effective strategy to increase the extent of remyelination. Transplanted stem/progenitor cells can also contribute to promoting axonal regeneration by functioning as cellular scaffolds for growing axons. Combinatorial approaches using polymer scaffolds to fill the lesion cavity or introducing regeneration-promoting genes will greatly increase the efficacy of cellular transplantation strategies for SCI.
A formalization of computational trust (2017)

Computational trust aims to quantify trust and is studied by many disciplines including computer science, social sciences and business science. We propose a formal computational trust model, including its parameters and operations on these parameters, as well as a step by step guide to compute trust in a real application. We make a distinction between trust statements that aim to capture the truth of a dynamic phenomenon and trust statements that aim to capture the truth of a static phenomenon. We elaborate on how this difference should be reflected in trust computation. To this end we apply a dynamic base rate (prior trust) as an alternative to the widely used fixed base rate.
5.6 A 0.13&#x03BC;m fully digital low-dropout regulator with adaptive control and reduced dynamic stability for ultra-wide dynamic range (2015)

This paper presents a discrete-time, fully digital, scan-programmable LDO macro in 0.13μm technology featuring greater than 90% current efficiency across a 50× current range, and 8× improvement in transient response time in response to large load steps. The baseline design features a 128b barrel shifter that digitally controls 128 identical power PMOS devices to provide load and line regulation at the node VREG, for a scan-programmable fine-grained synthetic load. A clocked comparator, which eliminates the need for any bias current, controls the direction of shift, D. The programmable mux-select signals, MUX1 and MUX2, provide controllable closed loop gains, KBARREL, of 1 to 3×. Since at any clock edge only 1, 2 or 3 shifts can occur (depending on the gain setting), fine-grained clock gating is enabled by dividing the 128b shifter into four sections and only enabling the clock to the section(s) where the shift occurs.
A Novel Material Incorporation Technique for Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Eggs Using Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (2010)

The effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on medaka eggs were examined. Although embryogenesis was not affected by nsPEF treatment alone, significant harmful effects were observed when the eggs were treated with nsPEFs in the presence of cycloheximide in the outer solution. Nanosecond PEF treatment affected the permeability of both the egg envelope (chorion) and the cell membrane, which resulted in intracellular incorporation of cycloheximide.
Hyperoside regulates its own biosynthesis via MYB30 in promoting reproductive development and seed set in okra (2020)

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play important roles in fruit and vegetable development. Here, we examined the function of hyperoside, a unique flavonoid in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), known to promote both flowering and seed set. We showed that the exogenous application of hyperoside significantly improved pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth by almost 50%, resulting in a 42.7% increase in the seed set rate. Of several genes induced by the hyperoside treatment, AeUF3GaT1, which encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of hyperoside biosynthesis, was the most strongly induced. The transcription factor AeMYB30 enhanced AeUFG3aT1 transcription by directly binding to the AeUFG3aT1 promoter. We studied the effect of the hyperoside application on the expression of 10 representative genes at four stages of reproductive development, from pollination to seed maturity. We firstly developed an efficient transformation system that uses seeds as explants to study the roles of AeMYB30 and AeUFG3aT1. Overexpression of AeMYB30 or AeUF3GaT1 promoted seed development. Moreover, exogenous application of hyperoside partially restored the aberrant phenotype of AeUF3GaT1 RNA-interference plants. Thus, hyperoside promotes seed set in okra via a pathway involving AeUF3GaT and AeMYB30, and the exogenous application of this flavonoid is a simple method that can be used to improve seed quality and yield in okra.
The Binding of Colchicine and Its Derivatives to Bovine and Human Serum Albumin and Human Plasma (1979)

The protein binding of colchicine and its derivatives demecolcine and desacetylcolchiceine was studied by equilibrium dialysis at 22 degrees C and pH 7.38 in bovine and human serum albumin and human plasma. Colchicine and demecolcine (2 X 10(-4) -5 X 10(-4) mol/l) is not bound to proteins. The binding of desacetylcholchiceine was 60--80% in the range 10(-4)-5 X 10(-4) mol/l. The association constant for a single binding site was 8.03 X 10(3) 1/mol for human serum albumin and 13.20 X 10(3) 1/mol for human plasma. The binding profiles for desacetylcholchiceine were quite similar in human serum albumin (4% conc.) and human plasma (3.8% conc. of albumin fraction). We suggest that desacetylcolchiceine was likely to be bound predominantly to albumin. Salicylic acid in vitro, at clinical concentrations (1.8--14.5 X 10(-4) mol/l), significantly decreases the binding of desacetylcolchiceine to human serum albumin.
The Motivation-Volition Divide and Its Resolution in Action-Phase Models of Developmental Regulation (2007)

Abstract I discuss the long-standing divide in motivational psychology between issues of motivation (i.e., why strive for certain goals) and of volition (i.e., how to strive for chosen goals). This debate began in the 1920s between CitationLewin (1926) and Ach (Citation1905, Citation1910) and was revived in the 1980s by CitationKuhl (1983) who proposed a distinction between motivation (choice of goal) and volition (pursuit of goal). Action-phase models lay out motivation and volition sequentially and are useful for investigating processes of developmental regulation across the life course. Shifts between different phases of action are salient during transitions affecting opportunities from better to worse or vice versa. Several studies have addressed phenomena of interphase adaptation of motivational mind-sets to shifting goal-related opportunities in the context of life-course transitions. Notes Haase, C. M., Heckhausen, J., & Köller, O. (in press). Goal engagement during the school-worktransition: Essential for girls, beneficial for all. Journal of Research on Adolescence.
Multispectral photoacoustic microscopy based on an optical–acoustic objective (2015)

We have developed reflection-mode multispectral photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) based on a novel optical-acoustic objective that integrates a customized ultrasonic transducer and a commercial reflective microscope objective into one solid piece. This technical innovation provides zero chromatic aberration and convenient confocal alignment of the optical excitation and acoustic detection. With a wavelength-tunable optical-parametric-oscillator laser, we have demonstrated multispectral PAM over an ultrabroad spectral range of 270-1300 nm. A near-constant lateral resolution of ∼2.8 μm is achieved experimentally. Capitalizing on the consistent performance over the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared range, multispectral PAM enables label-free concurrent imaging of cell nucleus (DNA/RNA contrast at 270 nm), blood vessel (hemoglobin contrast at 532 nm), and sebaceous gland (lipid contrast at 1260 nm) at the same spatial scale in a living mouse ear.
Technological advances and industrial characteristics:Some evidence from developed and developing countries (2007)

The need of technological advances for competitiveness is rather well known. However, the structural impacts of technological improvements on unemployment remain largely unexplored in the existing literature. The paper analyses the complex interlinkages among technological adaptation, labour productivity gains and scale expansion. It highlights the two opposing effects of technological improvements and labour productivity on employment. The paper demonstrates the role of scale expansion both through the logic and empirical findings. It is argued that to achieve positive employment effects of technological modernization, via productivity gains and scale expansion, a greater degree of global trade and investment integration is needed. It also highlights the need for strengthening labour productivity and wage rate linkages to simultaneously address the supply and demand side effects of technology on economic growth. In nutshell, the paper argues for building on the new growth theories. Extremely useful comments and suggestions from the Editor and anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. However, the usual disclaimer applies.
Acoustics: Piezoelectric Fibers for Conformal Acoustics (Adv. Mater. 39/2012) (2012)

Ultrasound transducers have many important applications in medical, industrial, and environmental settings. On page 5327, Yoel Fink and co-workers report the realization of large-active-area piezoelectric fibers, which can be woven into extended and flexible ultrasound transducing fabrics. The back cover depicts a curved grid of piezoelectric fibers, four of which are actuated and emitting a focused acoustic wave.
Workshop: The Technical Requirements for Image-Guided Therapy (Focus: Spinal Cord and Spinal Column) (2000)

The general objective of the Workshop was to determine the technical requirements for image-guided procedures in the spinal column, the spinal cord, and paraspinal region. The 70 Workshop participants were selected for their expertise in image guidance and related fields. The six Working Groups were: (1) Operative Planning and Surgical Simulators; (2) Intraprocedural Imaging and Endoscopy; (3) Registration and Segmentation; (4) Anatomical and Physiological Modeling; (5) Surgical Instrumentation, Tooling, and Robotics; (6) Systems Architecture, Integration, and User Interfaces From the Working Group reports, six summary recommendations have been compiled: (1) The development of clinically useful applications of modeling, segmentation, and registration should be supported. (2) A common and open, standard infrastructure is needed for the next generation of image-guided operating rooms or interventional suites. (3) Application testbeds are needed to ensure clinical relevance, identify potential pitfalls, and facilitate collaboration between technical and clinical personnel. (4) There are specific equipment and instrumentation needs required to advance the field that should be supported. (5) Multidisciplinary training and education is required. (6) A follow-up spine workshop to assess progress should be held in 2 or 3 years. This material will also be available on the web through http://www.isis.georgetown.edu and the conferences link.
Unique Toxin Profile of a Mediterranean Ostreopsis cf. ovata Strain: HR LC-MSn Characterization of Ovatoxin-f, a New Palytoxin Congener (2012)

Currently, the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata represents a serious concern to human health in the whole Mediterranean basin due to the production of palytoxin congeners, a putative palytoxin and ovatoxins (ovatoxin-a, -b, -c, -d/-e), listed among the most potent marine toxins. High resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR LC-MS) based investigation of a North Western Adriatic strain of Ostreopsis cf. ovata collected at Portonovo (Italy) in 2008 is reported herein. Toxin profile was different from those previously reported for other O. cf. ovata, both qualitatively and quantitatively. For the first time, ovatoxin-a did not dominate the toxin profile, and a new palytoxin congener, here named ovatoxin-f, was detected. Ovatoxin-f and its elemental formula present C(2)H(4) more than ovatoxin-a. HR CID MS(n) experiments allowed us to restrict structural differences between ovatoxin-a and -f to the region between C-95 and C-102, a region not previously been described to be modified in other palytoxins. Ovatoxin-f represents the major component of the toxin profile of the analyzed strain accounting for 50% of the total toxin content, while ovatoxin-a, the dominant toxin in most of the Mediterranean O. cf. ovata strains we have analyzed so far, is the second major component of the toxin profile (23%). Thus, the presence of ovatoxin-f should be taken into account when monitoring programs for palytoxin-like compounds in microalgae and/or seawater are carried out.