gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of oil thickness in the presence of an ice edge (2020)

Oil slick thickness is a key parameter for the behaviour of oil spilled at sea. It influences evaporation and entrainment, viable response options, and the risk to marine life at the surface. Determining this value is therefore of high relevance in oil spill modelling. In open water, oil can spread as thin films due to gravity alone, and may be further dispersed by horizontal diffusion and differential advection. In the presence of ice, however, a thin oil slick may become concentrated to higher thickness, if compressed against the ice edge. In the present study, we develop a simple model for the thickness of oil forced against a barrier by a current. We compare our theory to flume experiments, and obtain reasonable agreement. We describe an implementation in a Lagrangian oil spill model, and present some examples. We discuss the operational applicability, and suggest further research needs.
Systematic review study on application of Ion Imprinted Polymer (IIP) in heavy metals detection (2022)

Worldwide industrialisation and agriculture activities have led to a serious problem of environmental pollution due to the discharge of toxic contaminants in the watercourse and surroundings. When disposed in concentrations beyond the maximum limit, heavy metals can be a source of contamination to the environment. To monitor the level of contamination, electrochemical sensors can be utilised for qualitative and quantitative measures. They are known to be highly selective, less time consuming and lightweight. The portability of the sensors allows the measurement to be carried out onsite to ensure the environmental requirements are monitored. On the other hand, ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are developed to mimic the characteristics of the specific analyte for detection and overcome the limitations of natural biorecognition elements such as protein, enzyme and antibodies. Due to the growing interest in IIP application for heavy metals detection, a comprehensive review on the topic covering recent works, challenges and gaps in this area is required. In this mapping study, data from selected studies were extracted, organised, and categorised by implementing a systematic mapping process. From 340 studies, a total of 51 studies were included after the two-step screening phase, and data obtained were extracted and mapped under four classification schemes. One research question and two sub-questions were addressed with the data extracted from all included studies. The sub-questions derived from the main research question are on the surface modifications of the working electrode of the sensors and their area of applications. The research gaps were identified and addressed with several recommendations for further development in the area related to the application of ion-imprinted polymers for heavy metals detection.
[Acoustic rhinometry. A new method for objective assessment of the nasal airway dimensions]. (1996)

Acoustic rhinometry is a new and simple method for assessment of nasal airway dimensions. An audible sound signal generated at the bottom of a tubular probe is transmitted into the nasal cavity via an anatomically fitted nosepiece. An area-distance relationship describing the airway geometry is created by comparing the incident and the reflected sound signal. The technique is quick, accurate, reproducible, non-invasive, has no adverse effects, is independent of airflow, and requires minimal co-operation. Several recent studies have established acoustic rhinometry as an important investigative tool in rhinology. It is well suited to illustrate normal physiology of the nasal mucosa, to document deleterious effects of exposure to irritants and to monitor the effect of surgical and medical therapy. A newly developed miniprobe has, in our experience, proven to be uniquely suited for studying the nasal airways of infants and small children. Considering its advantages, acoustic rhinometry deserves an important position in rhinological research and practice.
Exploring a Novel Tool to Measure Wandering Behavior in the Early Childhood Classroom (2021)

Wandering, or random movement, affects cognitive and social skills. However, we lack methods to objectively measure wandering behavior. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the use of the Ubisense real-time location system (RTLS) in an early childhood setting to explore wandering in typically developing (TD) children (<i>n</i> = 2) and children with or at risk for developmental disabilities (WA-DD; <i>n</i> = 3). We used the Ubisense RTLS, a tool for capturing locations of individuals in indoor environments, and Fractal Dimension (FD) to measure the degree of wandering or the straightness of a path. Results of this descriptive, observational study indicated the Ubisense RTLS collected 46,229 1-s location estimates across the five children, and TD children had lower FD (<i>M</i> = 1.36) than children WA-DD (<i>M</i> = 1.42). Children WA-DD have more nonlinear paths than TD children. Implications for measuring wandering are discussed.
Fused Tetrazoles as Azide Surrogates in Click Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of N-Heterocycle-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles (2010)

It has been shown that various pyrido-, quinolino-, pyrazino-, and quinoxalinotetrazoles can be used efficiently as azide components in Cu-catalyzed click reaction with alkynes. This method allows for efficient synthesis of a wide variety of N-heterocyclic derivatives of 1,2,3-triazoles.
Expression of the Immunity Protein of Plantaricin 423, Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 423, and Analysis of the Plasmid Encoding the Bacteriocin (2006)

Plantaricin 423 is a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from sorghum beer. It has been previously determined that plantaricin 423 is encoded by a plasmid designated pPLA4, which is now completely sequenced. The plantaricin 423 operon shares high sequence similarity with the operons of coagulin, pediocin PA-1, and pediocin AcH, with small differences in the DNA sequence encoding the mature bacteriocin peptide and the immunity protein. Apart from the bacteriocin operon, no significant sequence similarity could be detected between the DNA or translated sequence of pPLA4 and the available DNA or translated sequences of the plasmids encoding pediocin AcH, pediocin PA-1, and coagulin, possibly indicating a different origin. In addition to the bacteriocin operon, sequence analysis of pPLA4 revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a putative mobilization (Mob) protein that is homologous to the pMV158 superfamily of mobilization proteins. Highest sequence similarity occurred between this protein and the Mob protein of L. plantarum NCDO 1088. ORF2 encodes a putative replication protein that revealed low sequence similarity to replication proteins of plasmids pLME300 from Lactobacillus fermentum and pYIT356 from Lactobacillus casei. The immunity protein of plantaricin 423 contains 109 amino acids. Although plantaricin 423 shares high sequence similarity with the pediocin PA-1 operon, no cross-reactivity was recorded between the immunity proteins of plantaricin 423 and pediocin PA-1.
Management of R&amp;D Projects Under Uncertainty: A Multidimensional Approach to Managerial Flexibility (2005)

In this paper, we describe the practical application of a flexibility-based management approach to new product development, highlighting advantages, and limitations of this methodology. The model is concerned with the resolution of uncertainty over the product development life cycle and deals with technical, market, and cost factors all together. To this end, we consider a real options model, which uses multidimensional decision trees, to assess the development process of a high-technology product, namely, the Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope. Moreover, we show how this project could be managed by estimating its value and determining optimal managerial actions to be taken at each review stage of the new product development process. Finally, we draw conclusions about this model's general utility and particular challenges associated with its use as a product development tool, and emphasize the need to consider a multidimensional model, instead of a single dimensional one.
Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity by Naphthenate Treatment (2004)

The work is concerned with the effect of low concentrations (10-7 mol dm-3) of sodium naphthenate on total content of Cd and its particular forms in the intercellular space and inside cells, as well as on some physiological and biochemical parameters of young soybean plants grown in the presence of 1 mmol dm-3 solution of cadmium chloride. Presence of naphthenate reduced in average by 40 % content total and intracellular Cd in root, stem and leaves and alleviated the harmful effect of Cd on activity of nitrate reductase and content of photosynthetic pigments.
Electrode‐assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2010)

A new ion source has been developed for rapid, noncontact analysis of materials at ambient conditions. The method provides desorption of analytes under ambient conditions directly from different surfaces with little or no sample preparation. The new method, termed electrode-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (EADESI), is on the basis of the ionization of molecules on different surfaces by highly charged droplets produced on a sharp-edged high voltage tip, and ions produced are introduced into the mass spectrometer through a capillary. The EADESI technique can be applied to various samples including amino acids, peptides, proteins, drugs and human fluids such as urine and blood. EADESI is promising for routine analyses in different fields such as forensic, environmental and material sciences. EADESI interface can be fit to a conventional ion-trap mass spectrometer. It can be used for various types of samples with a broad mass range. EADESI can also provide real-time analysis which is very valuable for biomedical applications.
Multidrug- and metal-resistant strains ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolated fromPenaeus monodonof the coastal waters of deltaic Sundarban (1998)

Marine shrimp of the species Penaeus monodon were collected from the coastal region (Haroa) of the deltaic Sundarbans of West Bengal, India during the premonsoon period in 1996. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the alimentary canal and gills of the shrimp as the sole isolate. All 10 isolated strains were resistant to erythromycin (30 μg/mL), ampicillin (100 μg/mL), furazolidone 100 μg/mL), and penicillin (100 IU). These strains were able to grow in the presence of silver (Ag + ), cobalt (Co 2+ ), cadmium (Cd 2+ ), nickel (Ni 2+ ), lead (Pb 2+ ), copper (Cu 2+ ), zinc (Zn 2+ ) at concentrations up to 10 mM. All the strains showed similar plasmid profiles, ranging in sizes from 1.8 to 120 kb. Resistance to lead, cobalt, nickel, and copper was encoded by a 3.5-kb plasmid of K. pneumoniae. Synthesis of a 14-kDa periplasmic protein was increased when they were grown in presence of 10 mM Cu 2+ .Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, drug resistance, metal resistance, periplasmic protein, plasmid, transformation.
Intramuscular administration of hexachloroplatinate reverses cyanide‐induced metabolic derangements and counteracts severe cyanide poisoning (2018)

Cyanide is a highly toxic industrial chemical that is widely used by manufactures. Smoke inhalation during household fires is the most common source of cyanide poisoning while additional risks to civilians include industrial accidents and terrorist attacks. Despite the risks to large numbers of individuals, an antidote capable of administration at scale adequate for a mass casualty, prehospital scenario does not yet exist. Previously, we demonstrated that intravenous cisplatin analogues accelerate recovery from cyanide poisoning in mice and rabbits. Of the dozens of platinum-based organometallic complexes tested, hexachloroplatinate (HCP) emerged as a promising lead compound, exhibiting strong affinity for cyanide and efficacy across model systems. Here, we show HCP is an antidote to lethal cyanide exposure and importantly is effective when delivered intramuscularly. The pharmacokinetic profile of HCP exhibited bioavailability in the systemic circulation 2.5 minutes post-treatment and subsequent renal clearance of HCP-cyanide. HCP restored parameters of cellular physiology including cytochrome oxidase redox state and TCA cycle metabolism. We next validated these findings in a large animal model (swine). Finally, preclinical safety studies in mice revealed minimal toxicity. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate hexachloroplatinate is a promising lead compound for development of an intramuscular injectable cyanide antidote for mass casualty scenarios.
Expression analysis of endoglin missense and truncation mutations: insights into protein structure and disease mechanisms (2000)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia caused by mutations in either endoglin (HHT1) or activin-like kinase receptor-1 (ALK-1) (HHT2). The majority of the mutations in endoglin cause frameshifts and premature stop codons. Although initial reports suggested a dominant-negative model for HHT1, more recent reports have suggested that mutations in endoglin lead to haploinsufficiency. In this study, we investigated six different missense mutations and two truncation mutations in the endoglin gene to examine whether mechanisms other than haploinsufficiency might be involved in HHT1. Expression of the missense mutants alone revealed that they are misfolded and that most show no cell surface expression. When co-expressed with wild-type endoglin, the missense mutants are able to dimerize with the normal endoglin protein and are trafficked to the cell surface. We also show that although one truncation mutation acts through haploinsufficiency, the other acts in a dominant-negative way. This implies that either dominant-negative protein interactions or haploinsufficiency can cause HHT1. The biochemical analyses for the different mutations suggest that the endoglin N-terminus is important for correct protein folding and that cysteine residues in the first 350 amino acids are involved in intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas cysteines located closer to the C-terminus of the extracellular domain are responsible for inter-molecular disulfide bond dimerization.
부모의 양육태도가 자아존중감을 매개로 청소년의 친사회적 행동과 공격성에 미치는 영향 (2013)

본 연구는 긍정적인 발달산물에는 긍정적인 경로가, 부정적인 발달산물에는 부정적인 경로가 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위해 부모의 양육태도가 자녀의 자아존중감을 매개로 청소년의 친사회적 행동과 공격성에 미치는 영향 경로를 규명한 연구이다. 본 연구는 한국청소년정책연구원에서 실시한 ``한국아동? 청소년패널조사(KCYPS: Korean Children Youth Panel Study) 2010``의 중학교 1학년 2,351명, 1차년도와 2차년도 자료를 활용하였다. 구조방정식모형을 통해 분석한 결과, 청소년이 지각한 부모의 애정양육은 청소년의 긍정적인 발달산물인 친사회적 행동에 정적(+)인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되었다. 반면 간섭양육은 부정적인 발달산물인 공격성에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자아존중감을 긍정적 자아존중감과 부정적 자아존중감으로 구분하여 친사회적 행동과 공격성에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 긍정적 자아존중감은 친사회적 행동에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미친 반면 부정적 자아존중감은 친사회적 행동과 공격성 모두에 통계적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 효과의 분해 결과를 통해 총효과 측면에서 긍정적인 발달산물은 긍정적인 양육과 긍정적인 매개과정을 통해 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고 부정적인 발달산물은 부정적인 양육과 부정적인 매개과정을 통해 가장크다는 점이 본 연구를 통해 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과에 기반하여 청소년을 대상으로 한 개입에 있어 발달산물의 특성과 이들의 맥락을 고려하여 보호요인의 증가와 위험요인의 감소 전략을 적절히 활용하는것이 보다 효과적이라는 실천적 함의를 제언하였다.
Gold nanourchins and celastrol reorganize the nucleo- and cytoskeleton of glioblastoma cells (2017)

The physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of diverse gold nanoparticle (AuNP) morphologies with smooth surfaces have been examined extensively. Much less is known about AuNPs with irregular surfaces. This study focuses on the effects of gold nanourchins in glioblastoma cells. With limited success of monotherapies for glioblastoma, multimodal treatment has become the preferred regimen. One possible example for such future therapeutic applications is the combination of AuNPs with the natural cytotoxic agent celastrol. Here, we used complementary physical, chemical and biological methods to characterize AuNPs and investigate their impact on glioblastoma cells. Our results show that gold nanourchins altered glioblastoma cell morphology and reorganized the nucleo- and cytoskeleton. These changes were dependent on gold nanourchin surface modification. PEGylated nanourchins had no significant effect on glioblastoma cell morphology or viability, unless they were combined with celastrol. By contrast, CTAB-nanourchins adversely affected the nuclear lamina, microtubules and filamentous actin. These alterations correlated with significant glioblastoma cell death. We identified several mechanisms that contributed to the impact of AuNPs on the cytoskeleton and cell survival. Specifically, CTAB-nanourchins caused a significant increase in the abundance of Rock1. This protein kinase is a key regulator of the cytoskeleton. In addition, CTAB-nanourchins led to a marked decline in pro-survival signaling via the PI3 kinase-Akt pathway. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the molecular pathways and structural components altered by gold nanourchins and their implications for multimodal glioblastoma therapy.
Video compression : fundamental compression techniques and an overview of the JPEG and MPEG compression systems (1998)

Images transforms the direct cosine transformation JPEG motion estimation MPEG-1 MPEG-2 audio compression moving the MPEG-2 data MPEG-2 applications future directions.
Electrochemical Studies of 9,10-Anthraquinone in Adiponitrile (2015)

The electrochemical reduction of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) has been found to occur in two reversible one-electron processes in the adiponitrile (ADN)/0.20 M TEA BF 4 solvent system. Upon addition of aluminum(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate to the solution, the initial reduction process is shifted to a more positive potential due to complexation of the carbonyl oxygen by Al 3+ . As AQ is reduced, the Al 3+ is also able to react with the AQ reduction products. Even at the 0.40 Al 3+ :1.00 AQ point, the initial reversible processes are entirely absent, implying that Al 3+ is able to interact with, or complex, approximately three 9,10-anthraquinone dianion reduction products. This high degree of interaction is also reflected in the large 1.0 V separation between the potentials for reduction of the AQ(AlCl 3 ) complex and the oxidation of the complexed AQ dianions.
Wideband CPW-fed slot antenna for DCS, PCS, 3G and Bluetooth bands (2006)

A novel CPW-fed wide planar slot antenna with an asymmetrical slot is proposed. The asymmetrical slot is square-like with the same widths but different lengths at the sides. By choosing suitable lengths of this asymmetrical slot, broadband operation can be obtained. From experimental results, the measured impedance bandwidth, defined by 10 dB return loss, can reach an operating bandwidth of 2136 MHz with the centre frequency operating at 2610 MHz for applications to various wireless bands. In addition, the measured radiation patterns within this wide impedance bandwidth have the same polarisation planes and similar radiation characteristics. Each antenna gain within the application bands can be less than 1 dB.
Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Bilayers of Surfactant Brij-52 on Gold Electrodes (1999)

The self-assembling of the uncharged nonionic surfractant Brij-52 on gold electrodes is reported. The resulting amphiphilic layers are characterized by means of impedance spectroscopy. Self-assembled Brij-52 layers have uniform structure and contain only a minor number of defects. The capacitance of optimal Brij-52 membrane calculated from the whole impedance spectrum rather than at certain frequency, is 1.0±0.4 μΦ cm–2, which is close to the capacitance of the lipid bilayer which separates the two aqueous phases, indicating that the self-assembling of Brij-52 resulted in formation of its bilayer on the gold electrode surface. The uniform bilayers of Brij-52 on gold support are stable, in contrast to lipids, which provide the opportunity of their application for analytical purposes. The possibility of using supported Brij-52 layers in affinity sensors is discussed.
Fatigue Damage Assessment of Alternator Fans by EBSD (2013)

Components of new car alternators are subjected fatigue damage due to the start-stop cycles. Predicting their fatigue life still requires needs an experimental validation. Hence, identification of both monotonic and cyclic behaviour is required to integrate the right values in the models. Therefore a precise analysis of the dislocation arrangement produced by cyclic plasticty appears as a fatigue damage indicator. Here SEM-EBSD provide two plasticity markers: the Kernel Average Misorientation and the Low Angel Grain Boundaries that characterize dislocations arrangements in a quantitative way. Based on these indexes, the comparison between lab fatigue specimens and component gives an estimation of the local cyclic plastic strain.
Adiponectin-Secretion-Promoting Phenylethylchromones from the Agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis (2019)

The therapeutic potential of adiponectin regulation has received interest because of its association with diverse human disease conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Phenylethylchromone derivatives from Aquilaria malaccensis-derived agarwood promoted adiponectin secretion during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (1) was identified as a new chromone derivative. A target identification study with the most potent adiponectin-secretion-promoting phenylethylchromones, 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (3) and 7-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (4), showed that they are PPARγ partial agonists. Therefore, the diverse therapeutic effects of agarwood are associated with a PPARγ-mediated adiponectin-secretion-promoting mechanism.
An Examination of the Influence of Residual Stresses on the Fatigue and Fracture of Railroad Rail (1982)

Fatigue cracks in rails can be the source of failures and subsequent derailments. The present paper examines the effect of residual stresses on the fatigue and fracture resistance of rail steel materials and the probable influence of residual stresses on the fatigue performance of rails in service. The magnitudes of residual stresses in rails were measured as a part of this study. Tensile and compressive residual (mean) stresses are shown to have a significant effect on the fatigue resistance of rail steels through tests using cylindrical smooth and compact tension specimens (free of inherent residuals) over a range of mean stress conditions. Fatigue and fatigue crack growth rate data developed are analyzed using specific damage parameters to consolidate the effect of mean stress. These data are then used in combination with measured residual stresses on rails to estimate the influence of service/fabrication induced, residual stresses in actual rail.
Continuum Wannier-Stark Ladders Strongly Coupled by Zener Resonances in Semiconductor Superlattices (1999)

We report the first experiment which relates electronic transport and intraband optical absorption in a biased superlattice. Wannier-Stark ladders far in the continuum and strongly coupled by Zener resonances are observed in an $n$-type GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice using infrared spectroscopy. Additional transport measurements reveal the formation of electric-field domains, with electrons tunneling resonantly to the next-nearest superlattice period.