gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZING THE RANCHERO COAXIAL FLUX COMPRESSION GENERATOR (2004)

Ranchero is an explosively driven magnetic flux-compression generator that has been developed, over the last four years, as a versatile power source for high energy density physics experiments. It is coaxial, and comprises a 15 cm-diameter armature and a 30-cm stator, each aluminum. The length may be varied to suit the demands of each experiment; thus far, lengths of 0.43 m and 1.4 m have been used. The stator is filled and driven by a high performance cast explosive, and the ultimate performance of the device is limited by the smoothness of the armature expansion. The armature explosive is initiated on axis by PETN hemispheres, spaced at intervals of about 18 mm and 24.5 mm; each is simultaneously detonated by a slapper detonator system. Calculations of armature expansion predicted ripples less than 0.2 mm, and this was confirmed in early experiments. Yet, ripples approaching tens of millimeters were observed in some more recent experiments. The authors discuss the possible origins of the se large ripples, and the methods the authors have used to correct them.
NTP Human Mars Exploration Campaign: From Start to Steady-State (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-4014.vid The long term, sustained exploration of Mars will require the focused efforts of a collective of national space agencies, private industry, and academia. The goal of this exploration will not be to just plant a flag and leave a footprint, but to continue beyond the first mission or first set of missions. Several key technologies will be required to enable both the upfront and continued exploration of Mars. One such technology is Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP). The proposed exploration campaign envisions a multi-phase ramp-up, starting with uncrewed demonstration flights and leading to a steady-state cadence of missions to the surface. This paper is the third in a series of studies analyzing a future Mars exploration campaign utilizing NTP, and examines the trajectory, mission dynamics, and architectural elements required for the first four missions in the campaign. The campaign begins with an uncrewed demonstration mission using an opposition class trajectory to prove out the in-space transportation system and to allow additional development time for essential surface infrastructure. The second mission would also use an opposition class trajectory, but would be a crewed mission with the first human landing on the Martian surface. Using opposition class trajectories allows for short stay times on the surface, limiting necessary surface infrastructure and logistics to be minimally viable. After the first surface landing, the third mission would transition to a conjunction class trajectory, taking advantage of longer surface stay times and lower round trip V. This transition allows focus to shift from in-space transportation to the evolution of surface infrastructure. The final mission detailed in this paper would be the beginning of a shift to steady-state mission operations, working to establish a more permanent presence in the form of an outpost station. Several elements for both surface habitation and deep space transportation will be required at varying times throughout the campaign. Ramping up capability over several missions allows for a stretched out development cycle for many of the required surface assets. A combination of government and commercial launch vehicles are assumed for each element, utilizing the payload mass and volume capability of the Space Launch System (SLS) Block 2 along with the more frequent launch rate of commercial vehicles. The primary objectives of the campaign would be to build experience living on another planetary body, and to establish a permanent presence on the Martian surface.
Prediction of Tensile Strength of Rock from Fracture Toughness or Effective Surface Energy. (1978)

the tensile strength and analysis of the fracture origins was 3.4 to 3.7 MPa {center_dot}{radical}m. These values are lower than those measured with the SEPB method. These discrepancies might be caused by the difference in the state of the fracture origin and its neighborhood, such as the size of the fracture origin and interaction between two surfaces in the precrack.
Reducing the fan-beam scanning angular range (1988)

A fan-beam X-ray CT scanner is developed which needs to scan the object in an angular range equal to (180 degrees +fan angle) instead of the 360 degrees angular range currently required by straightforward reconstruction techniques. By using the techniques of limited-angle image reconstruction, but otherwise without using additional equipment and measurements, the quality of the image reconstructed from such a fan-beam scan is improved to be essentially identical to that from a 360 degrees fan-beam scan. The proposed method can reduce the dosage to objects and scanning time by roughly 50%.
Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of Neuron Action Potential Threshold During Synaptically Driven Broadband Intracellular Activity (2011)

Activity-dependent variation of neuronal thresholds for action potential (AP) generation is one of the key determinants of spike-train temporal-pattern transformations from presynaptic to postsynaptic spike trains. In this study, we model the nonlinear dynamics of the threshold variation during synaptically driven broadband intracellular activity. First, membrane potentials of single CA1 pyramidal cells were recorded under physiologically plausible broadband stimulation conditions. Second, a method was developed to measure AP thresholds from the continuous recordings of membrane potentials. It involves measuring the turning points of APs by analyzing the third-order derivatives of the membrane potentials. Four stimulation paradigms with different temporal patterns were applied to validate this method by comparing the measured AP turning points and the actual AP thresholds estimated with varying stimulation intensities. Results show that the AP turning points provide consistent measurement of the AP thresholds, except for a constant offset. It indicates that 1) the variation of AP turning points represents the nonlinearities of threshold dynamics; and 2) an optimization of the constant offset is required to achieve accurate spike prediction. Third, a nonlinear dynamical third-order Volterra model was built to describe the relations between the threshold dynamics and the AP activities. Results show that the model can predict threshold accurately based on the preceding APs. Finally, the dynamic threshold model was integrated into a previously developed single neuron model and resulted in a 33% improvement in spike prediction.
Electron-cyclotron maser emission from the planets and the stars (1986)

Auroral kilometric radiation (AKR), Jupiter's decametric radio emission, microwave spike bursts from the sun, and related bursts from flare stars and close binaries, have all been attributed to the electron-cyclotron maser instability. Although all of these are produced by the same instability, the plasma conditions in the source regions differ; for the planets the ratio of the plasma frequency to the electron-cyclotron frequency, Omega(e), is less than about unity whereas for the sun and stars it is greater than about 1. It is shown that as this ratio increases, the frequency of the emissions moves to higher harmonics of Omega(e) and the mode changes from electromagnetic to electrostatic. Implications for AKR, microwave spike bursts and related bursts from the stars are discussed.
"Serotonin Depression"—A Biochemical Subgroup Within the Affective Disorders? (1976)

The distribution of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of 68 depressed patients was bimodal. Twenty-nine percent of the patients were in the lower mode, with a concentration of 5-HIAA below 15 nanograms per milliliter. Although there were no differences in overall severity of depression between the two modes, there was a significant correlation between the concnetration of 5-HIAA and severity of depression in the lower, but not in the upper, mode. The finding suggests the existence of a biochemical subgroup of depressive disorder, characterized by a disturbance of serotonin turnover.
Single‐Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study of a Rectangular Quadriceps and Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft Configuration Versus a Round Hamstring Graft (2013)

ACL reconstruction with a rectangular tunnel and BPTB and quadriceps tendon might result in better anterior knee stability at low flexion angles than ACL reconstruction with hamstring SB graft and a round tunnel in the clinical setting.
Sociometric Methods for Relevancy Analysis of Long Tail Science Data (2013)

As the push towards electronic storage, publication, curation, and discoverability of research data collected in multiple research domains has grown, so too have the massive numbers of small to medium datasets that are highly distributed and not easily discoverable - a region of data that is sometimes referred to as the long tail of science. The rapidly increasing, sheer volume of these long tail data present one aspect of the Big Data problem: how does one more easily access, discover, use, and reuse long tail data to lead to new multidisciplinary collaborative research and scientific advancement? In this paper, we describe Data Bridge, a new e-science collaboration environment that will realize the potential of long tail data by implementing algorithms and tools to more easily enable data discoverability and reuse. Data Bridge will define different types of semantic bridges that link diverse datasets by applying a set of sociometric network analysis (SNA) and relevance algorithms. We will measure relevancy by examining different ways datasets can be related to each other: data to data, user to data, and method to data connections. Through analysis of metadata and ontology, by pattern analysis and feature extraction, through usage tools and models, and via human connections, Data Bridge will create an environment for long tail data that is greater than the sum of its parts. In the project's initial phase, we will test and validate the new tools with real-world data contained in the Data verse Network, the largest social science data repository. In this short paper, we discuss the background and vision for the Data Bridge project, and present an introduction to the proposed SNA algorithms and analytical tools that are relevant for discoverability of long tail science data.
1632: Electrical Stimulation of Intermesenteric Nerves Elicits Seminal Plug Expulsion in Anesthetized Rats : New Insights in the Neurophysiology of Ejaculation (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 20041632: Electrical Stimulation of Intermesenteric Nerves Elicits Seminal Plug Expulsion in Anesthetized Rats : New Insights in the Neurophysiology of Ejaculation Julien Allard, Jacques Bernabé, Stéphane Droupy, Gérard Benoit, and François Giuliano Julien AllardJulien Allard More articles by this author , Jacques BernabéJacques Bernabé More articles by this author , Stéphane DroupyStéphane Droupy More articles by this author , Gérard BenoitGérard Benoit More articles by this author , and François GiulianoFrançois Giuliano More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38840-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1632: Electrical Stimulation of Intermesenteric Nerves Elicits Seminal Plug Expulsion in Anesthetized Rats : New Insights in the Neurophysiology of Ejaculation." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 431 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 431 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Julien Allard More articles by this author Jacques Bernabé More articles by this author Stéphane Droupy More articles by this author Gérard Benoit More articles by this author François Giuliano More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
SARS-CoV-2 may affect the immune response via direct inhibition of T cell receptor: Mechanistic hypothesis and rationale (2021)

During co-evolution with their hosts, many viruses have evolved a membrane fusion mechanism to facilitate host cell entry. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2). These viruses can also infect immune cells (e.g., T cells), providing one of the possible mechanisms for the T cell lymphopenia observed in patients with these infections. Previously, we hypothesized and confirmed in vivo that like HIV-1, SARS-CoV-1 can use its fusion domain not only to enter the T cell but also to directly inhibit T cell receptor signaling. Here, based on the analysis of available structural and clinical data, we hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 may use a similar "disarm the alarm" strategy to suppress immune responses. We also discuss the implications of this hypothesis for better understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathology, developing effective COVID-19 vaccines and improving clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients.
Towards the Monitoring of Functional Status in a Free-Living Environment for People with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis: Design and Evaluation of the JOLO Blended Care App (2020)

(1) Background: Joint loading is an important parameter in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). However, calculating joint loading relies on the performance of an extensive biomechanical analysis, which is not possible to do in a free-living situation. We propose the concept and design of a novel blended-care app called JOLO (Joint Load) that combines free-living information on activity with lab-based measures of joint loading in order to estimate a subject's functional status. (2) Method: We used an iterative design process to evaluate the usability of the JOLO app through questionnaires. The user interfaces that resulted from the iterations are described and provide a concept for feedback on functional status. (3) Results: In total, 44 people (20 people with OA and 24 health-care providers) participated in the testing of the JOLO app. OA patients rated the latest version of the JOLO app as moderately useful. Therapists were predominantly positive; however, their intention to use JOLO was low due to technological issues. (4) Conclusion: We can conclude that JOLO is promising, but further technological improvements concerning activity recognition, the development of personalized joint loading predictions and a more comfortable means to carry the device are needed to facilitate its integration as a blended-care program.
Essentials of Organic Chemistry: For Students of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Chemistry (Paul M. Dewick) (2008)

Dewick has set out to produce a reduced-sized text highlighting those features of organic chemistry that would be most useful to students of pharmacy and related fields. His purpose is to “provide thorough grounding in fundamental chemical principles” and, simultaneously, to illustrate these principles with wide a array of pharmaceutical and biochemical examples.
Increasing the Safety of Livestock Facilities (2001)

Working with animals in production agriculture carries with it a certain amount of inherent risk. Handling facilities are vital to the success of any cattle operation and provide for the quick, safe, and easy handling of cattle.
A Corpus-Based Approach for Building Semantic Lexicons (1997)

Semantic knowledge can be a great asset to natural language processing systems, but it is usually hand-coded for each application. Although some semantic information is available in general-purpose knowledge bases such as WordNet and Cyc, many applications require domain-specific lexicons that represent words and categories for a particular topic. In this paper, we present a corpus-based method that can be used to build semantic lexicons for specific categories. The input to the system is a small set of seed words for a category and a representative text corpus. The output is a ranked list of words that are associated with the category. A user then reviews the top-ranked words and decides which ones should be entered in the semantic lexicon. In experiments with five categories, users typically found about 60 words per category in 10-15 minutes to build a core semantic lexicon.
Metallophosphoryl and Apophosphoryl Alkaline Phosphatases. (1976)

The noncovalent phosphate (E-P) and covalent phosphory (E-P) complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and apoalkaline phosphatases of Escherichia coli have been studied by stopped flow kinetic methods and 32P-labeling techniques. With 2,4-dinitrophenylphosphate as substrate, preincubation of the Zn(II) enzyme with Pi at pH 8 slows the pre-steady state burst rate, but does not affect the burst magnitude of 1 mol of ROH per enzyme dimer. Preincubation of the enzyme with Pi at pH 5.5 reduces the burst magnitude by one-half, as well as reducing the burst rate. Reduction of the burst magnitude as a function of the pH of the preincubation with Pi follows the same function as that previously established for the formation of E-P. Hence, ROP phosphorylates the enzyme by displacing phosphate from E-P during a pre-steady state reaction, while E-P turns over at the steady state velocity.
Abstract 3411: Rare BRCA2 K3326X increases susceptibility to sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a PANDoRA study (2017)

Abstract Background: The incredibly poor outlook of pancreatic cancer patients underscores an urgent need for early diagnostic markers. Pancreatic cancer ranks third most-frequent among BRCA1/2-deficient cancers with germline mutations detected in &amp;lt;10% of sporadic cases. Germline variants in breast cancer tumor suppressor BRCA2 have been reported to increase predisposition to several cancers including pancreatic tumors. Rare K3326X (rs11571833, c.9976A&amp;gt;T) which introduces a premature stop codon thus truncating the protein, has previously been implicated in familial PDAC, but not in sporadic cases. A frameshift pathogenic mutation c.6503delTT (rs11571658, p.Leu2092Profs) reported to occur in tandem with K3326X in breast and ovarian cancer families, has also been speculated to influence risk associations due to linkage disequilibrium between both variants. Method and results: K3326X was genotyped in 2,969 sporadic cases and 4,700 controls using Taqman chemistry and fidelity of genotypes assessed based on concordance of internal replicates and negative controls. K3326X was observed in 1.2% of cases and 0.8% of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multivariate unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex and region of origin. We also performed a stratified analysis based on age at diagnosis to estimate the risk association between K3326X and early-onset pancreatic cancer. To rule out the likely shared effect of the c.6503delTT mutation on sporadic PDAC risk, we also sequenced DNA from carriers of K3326X in this study. We found K3326X to be associated with increased risk of developing sporadic PDAC ((OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.18 - 2.49), P = 0.005). This risk was considerably higher among cases aged 50 years and younger (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.10 - 4.11, P = 0.03). Furthermore, carriers of K3326X did not bear the c.6503delTT mutation thus confirming that the observed risk effect was not influenced by the latter. Conclusion: These robust associations implicate K3326X in the etiology of sporadic and early-onset PDAC, and therefore warrant replication as well as functional studies to elucidate the role of K3326X in DNA repair mechanisms. Citation Format: Ofure M. Obazee, Gabriele Capurso, Angelo Andriulli, Pavel Soucek, Ewa Małecka- Panas, Juozas Kupcinskas, Rudolf Kaaks, Maria Gazouli, Thilo Hackert, Aldo Scarpa, Giulia M. Cavestro, Claudio Pasquali, Hermann Brenner, Daniele Campa, Raffaele Pezzilli, Andrea Mambrini, Beatrice Mohelnikova- Duchonova, Ugo Boggi, Jakob Izbicki, Pavel Vodicka, Elzbieta Iskierka-Jazdzewska, Federico Canzian. Rare BRCA2 K3326X increases susceptibility to sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a PANDoRA study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3411. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3411
Optical tomography based on phase-shifting schlieren deflectometry (2010)

We present a new optical tomography technique based on phase-shifting schlieren deflectometry. The principle is that of computerized tomography. The three-dimensional profile is reconstructed from the deflection angles of rays passing through the tested object. We have investigated optical phantoms chosen in view of the characterization of dendritic growth in a solidification process. Promising results have been obtained with a homogeneous sphere and a bundle of 200&mu;m fibers. The deviation angles exceed two degrees with a variation of the refractive index &utri;n=0.025.
Maintenance infliximab does not result in increased abscess development in fistulizing Crohn's disease: results from the ACCENT II study (2006)

Abscess development in patients with fistulizing Crohn's disease is not dependent on cumulative infliximab exposure.
Suppression of the CPW leakage in common millimeter-wave flip-chip structures (1998)

Leakage phenomena in GaAs flip-chip structures, mounted on common GaAs and alumina main substrates, are studied using the spectral domain approach with the goal of reducing possible chip-to-chip crosstalk and transmission resonance. We have found that the TM/sub 0/ parallel-plate mode in the main substrate is dominant for the coplanar waveguide flip-chip leakage, and that the leakage can be suppressed by properly selecting the gap height and the main substrate thickness in addition to the dielectric constant.
Latency Management in Scribble-Based Interactive Segmentation of Medical Images (2017)

This is the first time a study investigates the effects of latency in an interactive segmentation task. The analysis and recommendations provided in this paper help understanding the cognitive mechanisms in interactive image segmentation.
Sensitive Detection of Caudate and Thalamic Alterations in Multiple Sclerosis Patients by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2012)

International audience
Narrative learning: Its contours and its possibilities (2010)

Abstract This chapter outlines the foundations of narrative theory, describes narrative learning, and examines some of the possibilities of a narrative perspective for understanding transformational learning.
Bacteriology and tear protein profiles of the dry eye. (1986)

The concentrations of tear lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA, and IgG have been estimated in patients with dry eyes at the same time as semiquantitative bacterial culture was performed of the conjunctivae and lids. Staphylococcal isolations were quantified and biotyped. There was no increased conjunctival colonisation by any particular biotype of Staphylococcus aureus or Staph. epidermidis, and similar numbers of conjunctivae were sterile as in controls (33%); neither were any pathogens such as pneumococci or haemophili isolated. We consider that the conjunctiva of the dry eye, without the lacrimal secretion components of lysozyme and lactoferrin, has an alternative protective antibacterial mechanism which is derived from serum proteins via chronically inflamed vessels.