gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust determination of asymmetric side wall angles by means of coherent scanning Fourier scatterometry (2016)

Optical metrology of grating parameters with small scattering volumes, such as side wall angles (SWAs), is an indispensable prerequisite for accurate process control in modern semiconductor lithography. However, current scatterometric technologies suffer from low sensitivity towards SWA and hence, large measurement uncertainties. In order to overcome this deficit, we propose an interferometric sensor design which enables the precise determination of asymmetric SWAs with values that deviate by less than 1° from the ideal 90°. Our measurement technique is based on coherent scanning Fourier scatterometry, extended by a reference arm in Mach-Zehnder/Linnik configuration, a spatially-structured aperture stop in the object arm, and a self-referencing shearing element in front of the detector. We demonstrate the validity and advantages of our approach by presenting rigorous simulations of an exemplary silicon line grating with a grating period of 800 nm. Each grating line consists of a fine sub-grating with 40 nm pitch and 20 nm critical dimension. A variation of the major grating parameters height and critical dimension highlights the robustness of the method. Although our simulation study focuses on the determination of asymmetric SWAs, it should be noted that the presented technique features high sensitivity towards all kinds of structural asymmetries, such as floor tilt or asymmetric bottom roundings.
Cis-acting sequences affecting the length of the poly(A) head of vaccinia virus late transcripts (1988)

Mutations in the sequences flanking the conserved and essential TAAAT motif of vaccinia late gene promoters (consensus: T/A T/A TAAAT G Pu Pu) affect the level of expression. Introduction of a pyrimidine in the purine stretch downstream of the TAAAT motif reduces the level of RNA synthesis. Mature transcripts from the wild-type 11K late promoter have a non-contiguous 5' poly(A) leader of approximately 35 A-residues (referred to as a poly(A) head). We show here by RNA sequencing, primer extension and subsequent m7G cap selection of cDNA/RNA hybrids that the mutations affect the length of the poly(A) head but not the location of the junction between the poly(A) leader and sequences encoded in the genome. These results are consistent with a slippage mechanism underlying the process of 5' poly(A) addition, but are not in agreement with a splicing event.
All-fiber polarization switch (2007)

We report an all-fiber polarization switch made out of silica-based microstructured fiber suitable for Q-switching all-fiber lasers. Nanosecond high-voltage pulses are used to heat and expand an internal electrode to cause lambda/2-polarization rotation in less than 10 ns for 1.5 microm light. The 10 cm long component has an experimentally measured optical insertion loss of 0.2 dB and a 0-10 kHz repetition frequency capacity and has been durability tested for more than 10(9) pulses.
The Medipix3 Prototype, a Pixel Readout Chip Working in Single Photon Counting Mode With Improved Spectrometric Performance (2007)

A prototype pixel detector readout chip has been developed with a new front-end architecture aimed at eliminating the spectral distortion produced by charge diffusion in highly segmented semiconductor detectors. In the new architecture neighbouring pixels communicate with one another. At the corner of each pixel summing circuits add the total charge deposited in each sub-group of 4 pixels. Arbitration logic assigns a hit to the summing circuit with the highest charge. In the case where incoming X-ray photons produce fluorescence-a particular issue in high-Z materials-the charge deposited by those fluorescent photons will be included in the charge sum provided that the deposition takes place within the volume of the pixels neighbouring the initial impact point. The chip is configurable such that either the dimensions of each detector pixel match those of one readout pixel or detector pixels are 4 times greater in area than the readout pixels. In the latter case event-by-event summing is still possible between the larger pixels. As well as this innovative analog front-end circuit, each pixel contains comparators, logic circuits and two 15-bit counters. When the larger detector pixels are used these counters can be configured to permit multiple thresholds in a pixel providing spectroscopic information. The prototype chip has been designed and manufactured in an 8-metal 0.13 mum CMOS technology. First measurements show an electronic pixel noise of ~ 72 e-rms (Single Pixel Mode) and ~ 140 e-rms (Charge Summing Mode).
Robust Adaptive OFDM with Diversity for Time-Varying Channels (2007)

The performance of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system can be significantly increased by using adaptive modulation and transmit diversity. An accurate estimate of the channel, however, is required at the transmitter to realize this benefit. Due to the time-varying nature of the channel, this estimate may be outdated by the time it is used for detection. This results in a mismatch between the actual channel and its estimate as seen by the transmitter. In this paper, we investigate adaptive OFDM with transmit and receive diversities, and evaluate the detrimental effects of this channel mismatch. We also describe a robust scheme based on using past estimates of the channel. We show that the effects of the mismatch can be significantly reduced with a combination of diversity and multiple channel estimates. In addition, to reduce the amount of feedback, the subband approach is introduced where a common channel estimate for a number of subcarriers is fedback to the transmitter, and the effect of this method on the achievable rate is analyzed.
The relationship between upper airways and craniofacial morphology studied in 3D. A CBCT study (2014)

Differences in craniofacial morphology as identified by the sagittal jaw relationship were not correlated with variation in upper airway volumes. A clinical significant relation was detected between minimal area and total upper airway volume.
Could Subtle Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy Be Related to Unilateral B Glenoid Osteoarthritis? (2021)

Perinatal factors related to OBPP did not occur in a higher frequency in patients with Walch type B OA compared to the general population, although some of them were in the high normal range.
Rapid diagnosis and comprehensive bacteria profiling of sepsis based on cell-free DNA (2020)

The combination of sepsis identification and bacteria-inferring strategies is a success for noninvasive cfDNA-based diagnosis, which has the potential to greatly enhance efficiency in disease detection and provide a comprehensive understanding of pathogens. For comparison, where a culture-based analysis of pathogens takes up to 5 days and is effective for only a third to a half of patients, cfDNA sequencing can be completed in just 1 day and our method can identify the majority of pathogens in all patients.
Title Semantic Graph from English Sentences Topic Machine Translation (2009)

In this paper we describe our progress towards building an interlingua based machine translation system, by capturing the semantics of the source language sentences in the form of Universal Networking Language (UNL) graphs from which the target language sentences can be produced. There are two stages to the UNL graph generation: first, the conceptual arguments of a situation are identified in the form of semantically relatable sequences (SRS) which are potential candidates for linking with semantic relations; next, the conceptual relations such as instrument, source, goal, reason or agent are recognized, irrespective of their different syntactic configurations. The system has been tested against gold standard UNL expressions collected from various sources like Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, XTAG corpus and Framenet corpus. Results indicate the promise and effectiveness of our approach on the difficult task of interlingua generation from text.
Placental-Derived Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing: A Review (2023)

Chronic wounds are associated with considerable patient morbidity and present a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. Often, chronic wounds are in a state of persistent in-flammation and unable to progress to the next phase of wound healing. Placental-derived bio-materials are recognized for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, angiogenic, an-ti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory, and immune privileged prop-erties. As such, placental-derived biomaterials have been used in wound management for more than a century. Placental-derived scaffolds are composed of an extracellular matrix (ECM) that can mimic the native tissue, creating a reparative environment to promote ECM remodeling, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Reliable evidence exists throughout the literature to support the safety and effectiveness of placental-derived biomaterials in wound healing. How-ever, differences in source (i.e., anatomical regions of the placenta), preservation techniques, decellularization status, design, and clinical application have not been fully evaluated. This re-view provides an overview of wound healing and placental-derived biomaterials, summarizes the clinical results of placental-derived scaffolds in wound healing, and suggests directions for future work.
Neural learning using AdaBoost (2002)

This paper describes a committee of neural networks submitted to the IJCNN 2001 generalization ability challenge (GAC) competition and a number of implementation issues with a focus on the generalization problem. The committee of neural networks was generated using the well-known AdaBoost, which is a general method for improving the performance of any learning algorithm that consistently generates classifiers that perform better than random guessing. We also discuss the feature selection and various experiments conducted in the hope of finding a neural network architecture that can generalize correctly in the blind test data used in the GAC competition.
The Concept of Logical Consequence. (1991)

Journal Article Critical Notices Get access The Concept of Logical Consequence. By John Etchemendy. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990. Pp. 174. Price £19.95.) W.D. Hart W.D. Hart University College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 41, Issue 165, October 1991, Pages 488–493, https://doi.org/10.2307/2220083 Published: 01 October 1991
Repeated 31 P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cerebral Energy Status and Altered Metabolism (2021)

Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>31</sup>P-MRS) is suited to noninvasively investigate energy metabolism and to detect molecules containing phosphorus in the human brain. The aim of this longitudinal study was to perform <sup>31</sup>P-MRS at two different time points (within 72 h and between day 10-14) after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) to reveal alterations in cerebral energy metabolism. Twenty-six ventilated patients with sTBI, aged between 20 and 75 years, with a median initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 5 were analyzed prospectively. The <sup>31</sup>P-MRS data of the structurally more affected side were compared with data from contralateral normal appearing areas and with data of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. There were no significant intraindividual differences between the lesioned and the less affected side at either of the time points. In the acute phase, phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) and phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) were significantly elevated whereas phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters (PME/PDE) and Pi/ATP were significantly decreased in contrast to healthy controls. In the subacute phase, these differences gradually dissipated, remaining lower Pi/ATP ratio, and only partly altered levels of PCr/Pi and PME/PDE. Our data affirm that cerebral metabolism is globally altered after sTBI, demonstrating the diffuse impairment of brain bioenergetics at multiple levels, with resultant developments in terms of time.
Should infrastructure clouds be priced entirely on performance? An EC2 case study (2014)

The increasing number of public clouds, the large and varied range of VMs they offer, and the provider specific terminology used for describing performance characteristics, makes price/performance comparisons difficult. Large performance variation of identically priced instances can lead to clouds being described as ‘unreliable’ and ‘unpredictable’. In this paper, we suggest that instances might be considered mispriced with respect to their deliverable performance – even when provider supplied performance ratings are taken into account. We demonstrate how CPU model determines instance performance, show associations between instance classes and sets of CPU models, and determine class-to-model performance characteristics. We show that pricing based on CPU models may significantly reduce, but not eliminate, price/performance variation. We further show that CPU model distribution differs across different AZs and so it may be possible to obtain better price/performance in some AZs by determining proportions of models found per AZ. However, the resources obtained in an AZ are account dependent, displays random variation and is subject to abrupt change.
Modulation spectroscopy characterization of Cu based chalcopyrites and kesterites (2018)

To investigate the composition effects on the band gap energy in different Cu based semiconducting material systems electroreflectance and photoreflectance measurements have been performed. The derivative nature of the modulation spectroscopy allows effectively probing the near band gap edge transitions, which are clearly resolved even at a room temperature. These distinct optical structures were analyzed by a three-dimensional critical point line shape model and their threshold transition energies were accurately determined.
Halonotius (2016)

Abstract Ha.lo.no'ti.us. Gr. n. hals, halos salt; L. masc. adj. notius southern; N.L. masc. n. Halonotius , a salty southern one. The genus Halonotius , classified with the family Haloferacaceae , order Haloferacales , class Halobacteria , consists of red‐pigmented, extremely halophilic flattened, and somewhat pleomorphic rods with rounded ends and polar flagella. Cells lyse in distilled water. They are obligately aerobic heterotrophs able to grow in defined media on a limited range of substrates (pyruvate, glucose, glycerol). Acids are not produced from carbohydrates. Polar lipids are diphytanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate and a single glycolipid chromatographically identical to the sulfated diglycosyl diether lipid S‐ DGD ‐1. The phylogenetically closest related genus is Halohasta . Currently, the genus consists of a single species, Halonotius pteroides . Isolates of the species have been recovered from saltern crystallizer ponds in Australia, and related 16S rRNA gene sequences have been found in Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, Australia, and in food‐grade salts from different origins. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 58.4–58.7 (HPLC). Type species : Halonotius pteroides Burns, Janssen, Itoh, Kamekura, Echigo and Dyall‐Smith 2010, 1198 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Halonotius is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Archaea / Methanobacteriati / Methanobacteriota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloferacaceae / Halonotius The genus Halonotius can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Halonotius (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Archaea / p__Halobacteriota / c__Halobacteria / o__Halobacteriales / f__Haloferacaceae / g__Halonotius * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Predicting Vulnerability In Large Codebases With Deep Code Representation (2020)

Currently, while software engineers write code for various modules, quite often, various types of errors - coding, logic, semantic, and others (most of which are not caught by compilation and other tools) get introduced. Some of these bugs might be found in the later stage of testing, and many times it is reported by customers on production code. Companies have to spend many resources, both money and time in finding and fixing the bugs which would have been avoided if coding was done right. Also, concealed flaws in software can lead to security vulnerabilities that potentially allow attackers to compromise systems and applications. Interestingly, same or similar issues/bugs, which were fixed in the past (although in different modules), tend to get introduced in production code again. We developed a novel AI-based system which uses the deep representation of Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) created from the source code and also the active feedback loop to identify and alert the potential bugs that could be caused at the time of development itself i.e. as the developer is writing new code (logic and/or function). This tool integrated with IDE as a plugin would work in the background, point out existing similar functions/code-segments and any associated bugs in those functions. The tool would enable the developer to incorporate suggestions right at the time of development, rather than waiting for UT/QA/customer to raise a defect. We assessed our tool on both open-source code and also on Cisco codebase for C and C++ programing language. Our results confirm that deep representation of source code and the active feedback loop is an assuring approach for predicting security and other vulnerabilities present in the code.
Evidence for an association between U1 RNA and interspersed repeat single-copy RNAs in the cytoplasm of sea urchin eggs† (1987)

Major advances in our knowledge of the genetic organization of the mouse X chromosome have been obtained by the use of interspecific crosses involving Mus spretus-derived strains. This system has been used to study sequences detected by three probes 80Y/B, 302Y/B and 371Y/B isolated from a mouse Y-chromosome library which have been shown to recognize both male-female common and male-female differential sequences. These patterns are due to the presence of a family of cross-reacting sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. Detailed genetic analysis of the localization of the X-chromosome-specific sequences using both a somatic cell hybrid panel and an interspecific mouse cross has revealed the presence of at least three discrete clusters of loci (X-Y)A, (X-Y)B and (X-Y)C. Two of these clusters, (X-Y)B and (X-Y)C, lie distally on the mouse X chromosome, the other cluster (X-Y)A being situated close to the centromere. In situ hybridization shows a striking symmetry in the localization of the major sequences on both the X and Y chromosomes detected by these probes, hybridization being preferentially localized to a subcentromeric and subtelomeric region on each chromosome. This striking localization symmetry between the X and Y chromosome sequences is discussed in terms of the extensive pairing of the X-Y chromosomes noted during meiosis.
Pre-Filtering, Side-Peak Rejection and Mapping: Several Solutions for Unambiguous BOC Tracking (2009)

The main challenge in BOC tracking is represented by the presence of multiple peaks in the correlation function. For this reason, several techniques have been designed for solving the multiple-peak ambiguity problem. In this paper, a thorough analysis, characterizing in a cohesive manner the di erent BOC tracking techniques, is provided. Di erent algorithms, such as Pre-filtering, Bump-Jump and Double Estimator are considered and figures of merit, such as Mean Time to Lose Lock (MTLL), tracking jitter, and tracking threshold have been adopted for comparing the di erent tracking methods. A new Pre-filtering algorithm has also been designed. The proposed method equalizes the subcarrier mitigating the noise amplification problem common to standard Pre-filtering techniques.
Development of gas chromatographic system for dissolved organic carbon analysis in seawater (1992)

During the first six months of this two-year grant, we have completed the construction of the analytical portion of a prototype gas chromatograph-based system for the analysis of dissolved organic carbon in seawater. We also have begun testing the procedures to be used to cryogenically concentrate and transfer carbon dioxide from the oxidizing atmosphere of the high-temperature furnace into the reducing hydrogen carrier gas of the gas chromatograph. During the second half of the first year, we will construct the high-temperature catalytic oxidation furnace and test the entire system on laboratory-prepared aqueous solutions of various organic compounds. Also during this period, we will take part in an initial scoping study within the Cape Hatteras field area on board the R/V Gyre. This study will involve both the collection of samples of seawater for organic and inorganic carbon analysis and the measurement of surface-water pCO[sub 2].
A programme for the construction of a lambda phage (1984)

Infection of a sensitive host by the lambdoid coliphages can cause death of the bacterial cell by lysis or can lead to a lysogenic cell, with the viral DNA stably integrated into the host chromosome. These alternative responses both require the coordination of several host and phage functions, and lambda infection follows a well controlled developmental plan. The lytic and lysogenic pathways of lambdoid infection are reviewed, with emphasis on the variety of control mechanisms involved in the commitment to a particular pathway.
Phosphorylation of casein kinase II by p34cdc2 in vitro and at mitosis. (1992)

In human epidermal carcinoma A431 cells, the beta subunit of casein kinase II is phosphorylated at an autophosphorylation site and at serine 209 which can be phosphorylated in vitro by p34cdc2 (Litchfield, D. W., Lozeman, F. J., Cicirelli, M. F., Harrylock, M., Ericsson, L. H., Piening, C. J., and Krebs, E. G. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 20380-20389). Given the importance of p34cdc2 in the regulation of cell cycle events, we were interested in examining the phosphorylation of casein kinase II during different stages of the cell cycle. In this study it is demonstrated that the extent of phosphorylation of serine 209 in the beta subunit is significantly increased relative to phosphorylation of the autophosphorylation site when chicken bursal lymphoma BK3A cells are arrested at mitosis by nocodazole treatment. This result suggests that serine 209 is a likely physiological target for p34cdc2. In addition, the alpha subunit of casein kinase II also undergoes dramatic phosphorylation with an associated alteration in its electrophoretic mobility when BK3A cells or human Jurkat cells are arrested with nocodazole. Phosphopeptide mapping studies indicate that p34cdc2 can phosphorylate in vitro the same peptides on the alpha subunit that are phosphorylated in cells arrested at mitosis. These phosphorylation sites were localized to serine and threonine residues in the carboxyl-terminal domain of alpha. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that casein kinase II is a probable physiological substrate for p34cdc2 and suggest that its functional properties could be affected in a cell cycle-dependent manner.