gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Biosynthesis of Aurachin P and 5-Nitroresorcinol from Stigmatella erecta (2008)

The isolation of aurachin P (2) from Stigmatella erecta strain Pd e32 is described. Spectroscopic data, in particular NMR data, indicate it is 1'-hydroxyaurachin A with a 1'R,2'S,3'R relative configuration. In addition, a further compound, 5-nitroresorcinol (4a), was isolated and identified as a novel natural product. Feeding of (13)C- and (15)N-labeled precursors indicated this was synthesized solely from glucose and ammonia. To account for the labeling pattern, phloroglucinol (8) is postulated as an intermediate branching off from 3-dehydroquinate (7) in the shikimate pathway.
von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor mutants faithfully model pathological hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and vascular retinopathies in zebrafish (2010)

Biallelic inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene predisposes human patients to the development of highly vascularized neoplasms in multiple organ systems.We show that zebrafish vhl mutants display a marked increase in blood vessel formation throughout the embryo, starting at 2 days post-fertilization.The most severe neovascularization is observed in distinct areas that overlap with high vegfa mRNA expression, including the vhl mutant brain and eye.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed increased expression of the duplicated VEGFA orthologs vegfaa and vegfab, and of vegfb and its receptors flt1, kdr and kdr-like, indicating increased vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) signaling in vhl mutants.Similar to VHL-associated retinal neoplasms, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, we show, by tetramethyl rhodaminedextran angiography, that vascular abnormalities in the vhl -/-retina lead to vascular leakage, severe macular edema and retinal detachment.Significantly, vessels in the brain and eye express cxcr4a, a marker gene expressed by tumor and vascular cells in VHL-associated hemangioblastomas and renal cell carcinomas.VEGF receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibition (through exposure to sunitinib and 676475) blocked vhl -/--induced angiogenesis in all affected tissues, demonstrating that Vegfaa, Vegfab and Vegfb are key effectors of the vhl -/-angiogenic phenotype through Flt1, Kdr and Kdr-like signaling.Since we show that the vhl -/-angiogenic phenotype shares distinct characteristics with VHL-associated vascular neoplasms, zebrafish vhl mutants provide a valuable in vivo vertebrate model to elucidate underlying mechanisms contributing to the development of these lesions.Furthermore, vhl mutant zebrafish embryos carrying blood vessel-specific transgenes represent a unique and clinically relevant model for tissue-specific, hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis and vascular retinopathies.Importantly, they will allow for a cost-effective, non-invasive and efficient way to screen for novel pharmacological agents and combinatorial treatments.
Modeling Active Vision During Smooth Pursuit of a Robotic Eye (2016)

The computational framework, basedon the conformal camera, is developedfor processingvisual information duringsmooth pursuit movements of a robotic eye. During smooth pursuit, the image of the tracked object remains nearly stationary while the image of a stationary background sweeps across the image plane of the camera. The background's image transformation derived in the second-order approximation enable the anticipation of the perceptual outcome of the camera pursuit. This can be used to support the correct visual information of the moving object in front of the stationary background, These results complement the author's previous study on the predictive image processingfor visual stability duringthe conformalcameramovementsresembling primate's saccadiceye rotations. The visual information processing algorithms that can support visual stability during smooth pursuit and saccadic movements of an anthropomorphic robotic camera are neededfor an autonomousrobot efficient interactions with the real world, in real time.
Comparison of Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry to Traditional High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Identification and Quantification of Halogenated Dioxins and Furans (2015)

The goal of this study was to qualify gas chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS) as a reliable and valid technique for analysis of halogenated dioxins and furans that could be used in place of more traditional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) analysis. A direct comparison of the two instrumental techniques was performed. APGC-MS/MS system sensitivity was demonstrated to be on the single femtogram level. The APGC-MS/MS analysis also demonstrated method detection limits (MDLs) in both sediment and fish that were 2-18 times lower than those determined for the GC-HRMS. Inlet conditions were established to prevent issues with sample carry-over, due largely to the enhanced sensitivity of this technique. Additionally, this work utilized direct injection for sample introduction through the split/splittless inlet. Finally, quantification of both sediment and fish certified reference materials were directly compared between the APGC-MS/MS and GC-HRMS. The APGC-MS/MS performed similarly to, if not better than, the GC-HRMS instrument in the analysis of these samples. This data is intended to substantiate APGC-MS/MS as a comparable technique to GC-HRMS for the analysis of dioxins and furans.
Transient Receptor Potential Channel A1 Is Directly Gated by Calcium Ions (2007)

Members of the superfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are proposed to play important roles in sensory physiology. As an excitatory ion channel TRPA1 is robustly activated by pungent irritants in mustard and garlic and is suggested to mediate the inflammatory actions of environmental irritants and proalgesic agents. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to pungent natural compounds, Ca(2+) directly gates heterologously expressed TRPA1 in whole-cell and excised-patch recordings with an apparent EC(50) of 905 nm. Pharmacological experiments and site-directed mutagenesis indicate that the N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding domain of the channel is involved in Ca(2+)-dependent activation. Furthermore, we determine Ca(2+) as prerequisite for icilin activity on TRPA1.
Understanding People Lifestyles: Construction of Urban Movement Knowledge Graph from GPS Trajectory (2017)

Technologies are increasingly taking advantage of the explosion in the amount of data generated by social multimedia (e.g., web searches, ad targeting, and urban computing). In this paper, we propose a multi-view learning framework for presenting the construction of a new urban movement knowledge graph, which could greatly facilitate the research domains mentioned above. In particular, by viewing GPS trajectory data from temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal points of view, we construct a knowledge graph of which nodes and edges are their locations and relations, respectively. On the knowledge graph, both nodes and edges are represented in latent semantic space. We verify its utility by subsequently applying the knowledge graph to predict the extent of user attention (high or low) paid to different locations in a city. Experimental evaluations and analysis of a real-world dataset show significant improvements in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
Electron Trapping in N,N&#x2032;-bis(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Doped Poly(styrene) (1999)

Electron mobilities have been measured in N,N&#x2032;-bis(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide doped poly(styrene) containing a series of acceptor traps: 4-(cyanocarboethoxymethylidene)-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ), 3,5-dimethyl-3&#x2032;,5&#x2032;-diisopropyl-4,4&#x2032;-diphenoquinone (DPQ), 4H-1,1-dioxo-2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dicyanomethylidene)thiopyran (TBS), N,N&#x2032;-dicyano-2-tert-butyl-9,10-anthraquinonediimine (DCAQ), and 4H-1,1-dioxo-4-dicyanomethylidene-2-p-tolyl-6-phenylthiopyran (PTS). From reduction potential measurements, the trap depths of MNQ, DPQ, TBS, DCAQ, and PTS are 0.19, 0.19, 0.20, 0.35, and 0.40 eV, respectively. The mobilities decrease with increasing trap depth and trap concentration. The results are discussed within the framework of the Hoesterey-Letson formalism and the recent simulations of Wolf and co-workers and Borsenberger and co-workers.
Transcriptional response of Silicibacter pomeroyi DSS‐3 to dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) (2007)

Dimethylsufoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant organic sulfur compound in the ocean and an important substrate for marine bacterioplankton. The Roseobacter clade of marine alphaproteobacteria, including Silicibacter pomeroyi strain DSS-3, are known to be involved in DMSP degradation in situ. The fate of DMSP has important implications for the global sulfur cycle, but the genes involved in this process and their regulation are largely unknown. S. pomeroyi is capable of performing two major pathways of DMSP degradation, making it an important model organism. Based on the full genome sequence of this strain we designed an oligonucleotide-based microarray for the detection of transcripts of nearly all genes. The array was used to study the transcriptional response of S. pomeroyi cultures to additions of DMSP compared to the non-sulfur compound acetate in a time series experiment. We identified a number of upregulated genes that could be assigned to potential roles in the metabolism of DMSP. DMSP also affected the transcription of genes for transport and metabolism of peptides, amino acids and polyamines. DMSP concentration may thus also play a role as a chemical signal, indicating phytoplankton abundance and eliciting a regulatory response aimed at making maximum use of available nutrients.
Short-term and long-term UVB-induced immunosuppression in human skin exhibit different ultrastructural features. (1993)

Short-term ultraviolet B light (UVB)-induced immune suppression was established by the ability of UVB to inhibit induction of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The long-term effect was assessed by a dramatic reduction of the mixed-epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction (MECLR) responses. Immuno electron microscopic (IEM) investigation of HLA class II localization on epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) (pivotal for the immune response of the skin) showed no difference in HLA class II expression after UVB-exposure compared to control skin, both after short-term and long-term UVB-exposure. Ultrastructural examination of the epidermis revealed a normal appearance of the epidermal cells after long-term UVB-exposure. However, after short-term UVB-exposure the epidermis exhibited many abnormalities, ranging from the stratum corneum to the basal membrane. So although both short- and long-term UVB exposures were able to cause immune suppression in the skin, those processes were not accompanied with identical morphological epidermal features.
Prospective study of oral teicoplanin versus oral vancomycin for therapy of pseudomembranous colitis and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (1992)

A prospective, randomized study comparing oral teicoplanin with oral vancomycin in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) was performed. Teicoplanin was administered at a dosage of 100 mg twice a day for 10 days, and vancomycin was administered at a dosage of 500 mg four times a day for 10 days. CDAD was diagnosed by demonstrating both C. difficile and cytotoxin in the feces of symptomatic patients (more than three loose stools per day). The diagnosis of PMC was also based on colonoscopy. Cytotoxin assay and cultures were checked in all patients 7 to 10 days after discontinuation of therapy and 25 to 30 days thereafter. Of the 51 patients enrolled, 46 were judged to be assessable. Among these, 26 received teicoplanin and 20 received vancomycin. At enrollment, both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, occurrence of PMC or CDAD, and previous antibiotic treatment. Eighteen of the 20 patients in the vancomycin group and 10 of the 26 patients in the teicoplanin group had previously undergone surgery (P = 0.0004). Treatment resulted in the clinical cure of 20 (100%) vancomycin and 25 (96.2%) teicoplanin patients (P = 0.56). After discontinuation of therapy, clinical symptoms recurred in four (20%) vancomycin patients and two (7.7%) teicoplanin patients (P = 0.21). Posttherapy asymptomatic C. difficile carriage (positive follow-up cultures without any clinical symptoms) occurred in five (25%) vancomycin patients and two (7.7%) teicoplanin patients (P = 0.11).Overall, 9 of 20 (45%) vancomycin patients and 5 of 26 (19.2%) teicoplanin patients (P=0.059) appeared not to be cleared of C. difficile after treatment. No adverse effects related to vancomycin or teicoplanin therapy were observed.
Trusted platform-as-a-service (2011)

The applications we use are increasingly packaged as network services running in the cloud under the control of a service provider. Users of these services have no basis to determine if these services are trustworthy, beyond the assurances of the service provider. Our work addresses the problem of how to build support for trustworthy services in the cloud, within the context of a larger trust management framework.
Bone composition: relationship to bone fragility and antiosteoporotic drug effects (2013)

The composition of a bone can be described in terms of the mineral phase, hydroxyapatite, the organic phase, which consists of collagen type I, noncollagenous proteins, other components and water. The relative proportions of these various components vary with age, site, gender, disease and treatment. Any drug therapy could change the composition of a bone. This review, however, will only address those pharmaceuticals used to treat or prevent diseases of bone: fragility fractures in particular, and the way they can alter the composition. As bone is a heterogeneous tissue, its composition must be discussed in terms of the chemical makeup, properties of its chemical constituents and their distributions in the ever-changing bone matrix. Emphasis, in this review, is placed on changes in composition as a function of age and various diseases of bone, particularly osteoporosis. It is suggested that while some of the antiosteoporotic drugs can and do modify composition, their positive effects on bone strength may be balanced by negative ones.
Climate change projections of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) (2013)

We investigate major results of the NARCCAP multiple regional climate model (RCM) experiments driven by multiple global climate models (GCMs) regarding climate change for seasonal temperature and precipitation over North America. We focus on two major questions: How do the RCM simulated climate changes differ from those of the parent GCMs and thus affect our perception of climate change over North America, and how important are the relative contributions of RCMs and GCMs to the uncertainty (variance explained) for different seasons and variables? The RCMs tend to produce stronger climate changes for precipitation: larger increases in the northern part of the domain in winter and greater decreases across a swath of the central part in summer, compared to the four GCMs driving the regional models as well as to the full set of CMIP3 GCM results. We pose some possible process-level mechanisms for the difference in intensity of change, particularly for summer. Detailed process-level studies will be necessary to establish mechanisms and credibility of these results. The GCMs explain more variance for winter temperature and the RCMs for summer temperature. The same is true for precipitation patterns. Thus, we recommend that future RCM-GCM experiments over this region include a balanced number of GCMs and RCMs.
CARDIAC NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES INDUCE BROWNING OF HUMAN ADIPOCYTE PHENOTYPE BEHAVING AS CARDIOMETABOLIC HORMONES (2011)

Bordicchia, M.1; Collins, S.2; Liu, D.2; Amri, E.3; Ailhaud, G.3; Dessà-Fulgheri, P.1; Sarzani, R.1 Author Information
Tapered interaction gyro-TWA experiments (1983)

A series of low power tapered interaction gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier experiments at K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</inf> band (26.5-40 GHz) have been performed with a linearly tapered wall rectangular waveguide operating in the fundamental TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">□</sup> mode and a profiled magnetic field. An adjustable solenoid system was used to allow local trimming and a wide variety of magnetic field profiles. An instantaneous wideband gain of ~ 28 percent was achieved with the magnetic field adjusted to approximately grazing synchronism along the circuit. A profile in which the magnetic field was adjusted significantly above grazing, produced gain over a frequency span of ~ 15% introduces the possibility of a wideband amplifier configuration in which only the magnetic field is tapered.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Delayed Abdominal Wall Closure, and Neonatal Intussusception –Case Report and Literature Review (2012)

We present the extremely rare case of a male newborn with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) presenting as delayed abdominal wall closure and neonatal intussusception. Fetal ultrasound had shown omphalocele that resolved spontaneously. When feeding was attempted, he had various episodes of vomiting. An x-ray showed signs of high bowel obstruction. Jejunal intussusception was found on laparotomy. Enterectomy and primary jejuno-jejunal anastomosis was performed. During post-operative period subtle physical findings became prominent: plain hemangioma, posterior helical indentations, and macroglossia. Cardiac ultrasonography showed a patent foramen oval with small left-to-right shunt. Ultrasonography showed renal hyperplasia. Genetic study showed hypomethylation of DMR2 region of 11p15 chromosome.
Effect of two activation treatments and age of blastomere karyoplasts on in vitro development of bovine nuclear transfer embryos (2001)

Abstract The yield and quality of (a) parthenogenetic blastocysts produced by two activation treatments (cycloheximide [CHX] or 6‐dimethylaminopurine [DMAP]) and (b) nuclear transfer blastocysts generated using these two activation treatments and three different ages of karyoplast derived from day 3, 4, or 5 in vitro produced donor embryos, were examined in order to define an optimal nuclear transfer protocol. The two activation protocols comprised calcium ionophore followed by either CHX or DMAP. Parthenogenetic blastocyst yields were greater ( P &lt; 0.001) following activation with DMAP than CHX (59.7 ± 5.1 vs. 31.4 ± 4.5 [mean ± SEM]). In contrast, nuclear transfer blastocyst rates per fused embryo were lower ( P &lt; 0.0001) using cytoplasts activated with DMAP. The individual rates using day 3, 4, and 5 donors and using CHX and DMAP activation treatments were 31.9 ± 5.0, 31.7 ± 6.2, 20.4 ± 7.3 and 27.8 ± 4.7, 20.1 ± 7.5, 12.7 ± 8.3, respectively. Blastocyst rate per fused embryo was negatively correlated ( P = 0.0091) with the total number of blastomeres per donor embryo. Despite this inverse relationship, the calculated potential blastocyst yield per donor embryo was positively correlated ( P &lt; 0.0048) to karyoplast age. The individual potential yields on days 3, 4, and 5 and for the two activation protocols (CHX and DMAP) were 4.7 ± 0.8, 7.2 ± 1.2, 10.1 ± 2.1 and 3.8 ± 0.8, 5.5 ± 2.1, 7.3 ± 4.1, respectively. One possible explanation for the observed inverse relationship is that differentiation events during early cleavage are able to reduce the ability of the cytoplast to reprogram the transferred karyoplast and hence reduce blastocyst yields. The mechanism that mediates the differential effect of the CHX and DMAP on blastocysts yields between parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer embryos remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, the results indicate that although activation of oocytes with DMAP can produce a higher percentage of blastocysts, CHX activation is superior for use in nuclear transfer. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60:377‐383, © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic Liquids in Electro-active Devices (ILED) (2013)

Abstract : Multidisciplinary research focused on the systematic tuning of multiphase morphology on electro-active performance has served as the cornerstone of the fourth year ILEAD MURI program. This team-oriented focus provided collaborations among scientists and engineers with graduate student exchanges, real-time feedback, and multidisciplinary peer-reviewed publications. Synthetic chemists collaborated with morphologists to predict the design of novel electro-active materials. Unprecedented charged polymeric compositions have been prepared with attention to the correlation of charge density and chemical composition with morphological structure in both solution and the solid state. Scattering studies revealed the importance of charge location on structure at the nanoscale and the correlation of structure with membrane performance. Novel families of electromechanical transducers were discovered with special attention to the design of assembled structures based on the tuning of electrostatic interactions; these novel transducers demonstrated unparalleled performance. Polymeric ionic liquids as mobile anion transducers were demonstrated for the first time. Characterization instrumentation for the electromechanical responses of conductive network/ionomer composites (CNIC) were developed. The overall research goal successfully developed a fundamental understanding of the design of charged polymers and interactions with ionic liquids. This program continues to discover new families of ionic liquid-based polymers and physical properties as a function of structure.
Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Towards Non-Autoregressive Language Models. (2021)

The field of language modelling has been largely dominated by autoregressive models, for which sampling is inherently difficult to parallelize. This paper introduces two new classes of generative models for categorical data such as language or image segmentation: Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion. Argmax Flows are defined by a composition of a continuous distribution (such as a normalizing flow), and an argmax function. To optimize this model, we learn a probabilistic inverse for the argmax that lifts the categorical data to a continuous space. Multinomial Diffusion gradually adds categorical noise in a diffusion process, for which the generative denoising process is learned. We demonstrate that our models perform competitively on language modelling and modelling of image segmentation maps.
ALAT ZA OBJAVU KLINIČKIH SMJERNICA: DOKUMENT RIGHT (2017)

Kvaliteta objavljenih klinikih smjernica esto je niska te ne postoje iroko prihvaene upute ili standardi za takav oblik publikacije u zdravstvenoj skrbi.Meunarodna radna skupina RIGHT (Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare) uspostavljena je radi rjeavanja tog problema.Grupa je pratila postojei radni okvir za razvoj smjernica namijenjenih prikazu rezultata zdravstvenih istraivanja i pristupu mrei EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research).Sastavljen je popis za provjeru i dokument s objanjenjima i argumentima.Popis za provjeru RIGHT sastoji se od 22 elementa koje smatramo nunima za dobro sastavljene klinike smjernice: osnovni podaci (elementi 1 do 4), povjesnica (elementi 5 do 9), dokazi (elementi 10 do 12), preporuke (elementi 13 do 15), vrjednovanje i kontrola kvalitete (elementi 16 i 17), fi nanciranje, izjava o upravljanju i upravljanje sukobom interesa (elementi 18 i 19) i ostale informacije (elementi 20 do 22).Popis za provjeru RIGHT moe pomoi autorima u razvoju smjernica, urednicima asopisa i strunim recenzentima pri njihovu razmatranju za objavu, a zdravstvenim djelatnicima u razumijevanju i primjeni smjernica.