gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bifidobacterium longum BB536 alleviated upper respiratory illnesses and modulated gut microbiota profiles in Malaysian pre-school children (2017)

This 10-months randomised, double-blind, parallel and placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on diarrhoea and/or upper respiratory illnesses in 520 healthy Malaysian pre-school children aged 2-6 years old. The subjects randomly received a one-gram sachet containing either BB536 (5×109 cfu) or placebo daily. Data analysis was performed on 219 subjects who fully complied over 10-months (placebo n=110, BB536 n=109). While BB536 did not exert significant effects against diarrhoea in children, Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations model indicated significant intergroup difference in the mean number of times of respiratory illnesses over 10 months. The duration of sore throat was reduced by 46% (P=0.018), with marginal reduction for duration of fever (reduced by 27%, P=0.084), runny nose (reduced by 15%, P=0.087) and cough (reduced by 16%, P=0.087) as compared to the placebo. Principal coordinate analysis at genus level of the gut microbiota revealed significant differences between 0 and 10 months in the BB536 group (P<0.01) but not in placebo group (P>0.05). The abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium which is associated with anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties was significantly higher in the BB536 group (P<0.05) compared to the placebo group. Altogether, our present study illustrated the potential protective effects of BB536 against upper respiratory illnesses in pre-school Malaysian children, with gut microbiota modulating properties.
Assessment of hybrid material for resistance to Verticillium dahliae klebhan with the application of phytoimmunity marker enzymes (2019)

The aim of the work is to assess the sustainability of breeding significant interline hybrids F 6 to V. dahlia, created in NIESSVAH as a starting material for breeding. 21 samples were selected by the NIISSVAH staff and the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry ANRUz and transferred for the relevant biochemical analysis. In the experiment, they determined the activity of peroxidase, then they revealed its activity in seedlings of cotton seeds, and also established responsiveness to the defeat of V. dahlia. As a result of the research, the seeds of 21 different cotton hybrids were tested to study the activity of the chitin-specific peroxidase enzyme. For this purpose, seedlings of families of hybrid combinations of cotton were used in order to select a breeding material with high resistance to Verticillium. In the work on the assessment of resistance to V. dahlia, biochemical tests were used using phytoimmunity marker enzymes - chitin specific peroxidase. As a result of a biochemical study in the laboratory, it was established that the complex interlinear combination F 6 [F4-L-105 x L-108) x L-104] should be attributed to the pathogen-resistant V. dahliae among the studied samples. The family isolated from the F 6 hybrid [F 4 (L-105xL-106)xL-106] was used as a parental family when breeding a new variety of cotton C-6577, which was transferred for study to the State test from 2018.
LAPLUS: An efficient, effective and stable switch algorithm for flow control of the available bit rate ATM service (2002)

LAPLUS is a novel switch algorithm for flow control of the available bit rate (ABR) asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) service. It ensures a steady-state rate allocation satisfying the MCR-plus-equal-share criterion. It only requires constant-time processing and two tags to be stored per flow. It is naturally able to take peak cell rates of flows into account. LAPLUS solves in a novel way the problem of selecting a measurement interval. The solution allows it to contain queue growth and keep utilization high on one hand and control low speed flows and operate with stability on the other. We describe results of simulation study of LAPLUS. The results show it to be fair, responsive and stable.
Formation Mechanism and Prevention Method of Facial Cracks of Continuously Cast Steel Slabs Containing Boron (1987)

Transverse facial cracks occurring in boron-containing CC slabs were fractographically analysed and the cause was found to be austenite grain boundary fracture due to the precipitation of BN along it. The embrittlement due to BN precipitation was very well simulated by the hot tensile test with Gleeble Tester.In order to avoid the facial cracks, two methods were proposed. One is the reduction of nitrogen content to satisfy the condition; (wt% Nt-0.2×wt%Ti)<0.003 wt%, and the other is the keeping of cooling rate less than 0.5°C/s in the secondary cooling zone to promote matrix precipitation of coarse BN.
Biopolymers (1999)

At the Fifth Chemical Congress of North America held at Cancun in November, 1997, a broad definition of the fields to be covered in the symposium on natural polymers as advanced materials was given. Included were recent developments and future prospects for natural polymers in uses ranging from detergents, adhesives, packaging, biodegradable plastics, paper, rubber, textile, drug delivery systems to processes including nanometer composites. Several recent articles and books have reviewed the structure, properties and applications of natural polymers (1-12). This chapter, rather than reviewing accumulated knowledge of natural polymers, will attempt to point out some shortcomings and opportunities for better understanding and applications. Because of the authors' expertise in starch, many examples of problems and opportunities in this area will be presented as models for similar needs in other areas of natural polymer research.
Cell-Based and Scaffold-Based Therapies for Joint Preservation in Early-Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (2019)

» Numerous basic-science and translational studies of cell-based and scaffold-based therapies are currently being performed. » The advantages and limitations of cell-based therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, including bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and MSC-derived exosomes, are being examined preclinically. » A range of ceramic-based, polymer-based, hydrogel-based, and composite scaffolds have been used for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in order to physically or functionally support bone repair and remodeling. » Modulation of the pro-inflammatory response at an appropriate time point has enhanced bone formation in experimental models. The therapeutic potential of these strategies in translational models of osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not been fully clarified.
Iveron Icon of the Mother of God: reconstruction based on physical–chemical tests as an element of conservation (2023)

Abstract Recently art conservators tend to wonder which of the possible intervention paths to undertake while planning a conservation project and how deep their interference with the original substance should be. Limiting intervention to ceasing the ongoing degradation process and securing the object for the future without restoring any missing parts of the composition is just one of the many available approaches. Making a brand new copy of the painting where all the missing parts could be fully reconstructed and exposing it along with the original is a good alternative to traditional restoration practice. This method has been used by Danuta Stępień during conservation of a Russian icon entitled “Our Lady of Iver” (Moscow, 1908–1917, egg tempera on a wooden panel partially covered by a silver oklad , 10.8 × 13.2 × 0.8 cm). The silver oklad was executed by the workshop of Smirnow. Technology and materials have been identified via different analytical techniques: VIS, UV, IR and X-ray photography, microscopic photography, SEM–EDS analysis and FTIR. Specific medical radiological instruments have also been used as non-invasive analytical tools. The following materials have been identified: yellow ochre, cinnabar, cadmium red, red iron oxides, silver, gold and copper. The oklad is made of an Ag-rich silver–copper alloy. Its whole surfaces are richly engraved with traces of gold detected inside the engravings. Based on this fact, an assumption has been made that originally the upper part of the oklad might have been entirely covered with a layer of gold. The information gathered during research allowed to execute a fine copy of the icon using similar materials and techniques. An alternative to classic restoration approach is to create a faithful but fully reconstructed copy that could be exposed along with the original painting. This solution not only assures maximum respect for the original substance but also allows the recipients to better understand its history and technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Supramolecular Chemistry (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation Monitoring With a New Wearable Wireless Device in the Intensive Care Unit: Pilot Comparison Trial (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Continuous cardiac monitoring with wireless sensors is an attractive option for early detection of arrhythmia and conduction disturbances and the prevention of adverse events leading to patient deterioration. We present a new sensor design (SmartCardia), a wearable wireless biosensor patch, for continuous cardiac and oxygen saturation (SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) monitoring. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aimed to test the clinical value of a new wireless sensor device (SmartCardia) and its usefulness in monitoring the heart rate (HR) and SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; of patients. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We performed an observational study and monitored the HR and SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We compared the device under test (SmartCardia) with the ICU-grade monitoring system (Dräger-Healthcare). We defined optimal correlation between the gold standard and the wireless system as &amp;lt;10% difference for HR and &amp;lt;4% difference for SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Data loss and discrepancy between the two systems were critically analyzed. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> A total of 58 ICU patients (42 men and 16 women), with a mean age of 71 years (SD 11), were included in this study. A total of 13.49 (SD 5.53) hours per patient were recorded. This represents a total recorded period of 782.3 hours. The mean difference between the HR detected by the SmartCardia patch and the ICU monitor was 5.87 (SD 16.01) beats per minute (bias=–5.66, SD 16.09). For SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, the average difference was 3.54% (SD 3.86; bias=2.9, SD 4.36) for interpretable values. SmartCardia’s patch measures SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; only under low-to-no activity conditions and otherwise does not report a value. Data loss and noninterpretable values of SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; represented 26% (SD 24) of total measurements. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> The SmartCardia device demonstrated clinically acceptable accuracy for HR and SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; monitoring in ICU patients. </sec>
Multimode scattering matrix optimisation for the mitigation of harmonics in anomalous reflection metasurfaces (2022)

We propose a method to reduce the level of parasitic Floquet harmonics for anomalous reflection metasurfaces. A linear array that discretises a phase law using phase shifting unit cells is designed to perform anomalous reflection. The level of parasitic radiations is lowered by optimising the dimensions of the periodic pattern constituting the array : the supercell. The goal of the supercell optimisation is defined through its multimode scattering matrix elements.
Characteristics of Coordination Compounds of Calcein Blue for a Tunable Organic Liquid Laser (1976)

Abstract The lasing and spectroscopic properties of coordination compounds of Calcein Blue with aluminium, calcium, strontium, and barium in water and in a water–ethanol mixture were investigated. The chelate formation improved the lasing properties of Calcein Blue, since the fluorescence quantum yield was increased by the formation of rigid rings in the molecule, and the lasing wavelength could be modified by the metal ion. By using these coordination compounds, tunable laser emissions were observed in the spectral range of 400–478 nm with a low threshold excitation intensity. The threshold excitation intensities excited by the nitrogen laser, the pulse width of which was very short (2.5 ns), were formulated by means of the spectral parameters for such molecules as its Stokes shift was large and its singlet-singlet absorption could be ignored. The calculated values obtained by this formula agreed well with the experimental values in water.
The Apoptotic Regulatory Protein ARC (Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase Recruitment Domain) Prevents Oxidant Stress-mediated Cell Death by Preserving Mitochondrial Function (2001)

ARC is an apoptotic regulatory protein expressed almost exclusively in myogenic cells. It contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) through which it has been shown to block the activation of some initiator caspases. Because ARC also blocks caspase-independent events associated with apoptosis, such as hypoxia-induced cytochrome c release, we examined its role in cell death triggered by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the myogenic cell line, H9c2. Cell death in this model was caspase-independent and characterized by dose-dependent reduction in ARC expression accompanied by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)) and loss of plasma membrane integrity, typical of necrotic cell death. Ectopic expression of ARC prevented both H(2)O(2)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death without affecting the stress kinase response, suggesting that ARCs protective effects were downstream of early signaling events and not due to quenching of H(2)O(2). ARC was also effective in blocking H(2)O(2)-induced loss of membrane integrity and/or disruption of Delta psi(m) in two human cell lines in which it is not normally expressed. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its ability to block caspase-dependent and -independent events in apoptosis, ARC also prevents necrosis-like cell death via the preservation of mitochondrial function.
Insight on the Structure-to-Activity of Carbosilane Metallodendrimers in the Fight against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms (2021)

Biofilm formation is a critical health concern, involved in most human bacterial infections. Combatting this mechanism, which increases resistance to traditional antibiotics and host immune defences, requires novel therapeutic approaches. The remarkable biocide activity and the monodispersity of carbosilane metallodendrimers make them excellent platforms to evaluate the impact of different structural parameters on the biological activity. In this work, we explore the influence of iminopyridine ring substituents on the antibacterial activity against planktonic and biofilm <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. New families of first-generation Ru(II) and Cu(II) metallodendrimers were synthesised and analysed, in comparison to the non-substituted counterparts. The results showed that the presence of methyl or methoxy groups in <i>meta</i> position to the imine bond decreased the overall positive charge on the metal ion and, subsequently, the activity against planktonic bacteria. However, it seemed a relevant parameter to consider for the prevention of biofilm formation, if they contribute to increasing the overall lipophilicity. An optimum balance of the charge and lipophilicity of the metallodrug, accomplished through structural design, will provide effective biocide agents against bacteria biofilms.
Id2 Promotes Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion through Transcriptional Repression of Semaphorin 3F (2010)

Id proteins (Id1 to Id4) are helix-loop-helix transcription factors that promote metastasis. It was found that Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), a potent inhibitor of metastasis, was repressed by Id2. High metastatic human tumor cell lines had relatively high amounts of Id2 and low SEMA3F levels compared with their low metastatic counterparts. No correlation between metastatic potential and expression of the other Id family members was observed. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Id2 in low metastatic tumor cells downregulated SEMA3F and, as a consequence, enhanced their ability to migrate and invade, two requisite steps of metastasis in vivo. Id2 overexpression was driven by the c-myc oncoprotein. SEMA3F was a direct target gene of the E47/Id2 pathway. Two E-box sites, which bind E protein transcription factors including E47, were identified in the promoter region of the SEMA3F gene. E47 directly activated SEMA3F promoter activity and expression and promoted SEMA3F biological activities, including filamentous actin depolymerization, inactivation of RhoA, and inhibition of cell migration. Silencing of SEMA3F inhibited the E47-induced SEMA3F expression and biological activities, confirming that these E47-induced effects were SEMA3F dependent. E47 did not induce expression of the other members of the SEMA3 family. Id2, a dominant-negative inhibitor of E proteins, abrogated the E47-induced SEMA3F expression and biological activities. Thus, high metastatic tumor cells overexpress c-myc, leading to upregulation of Id2 expression; the aberrantly elevated amount of Id2 represses SEMA3F expression and, as a consequence, enhances the ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade.
Effects of prolonged‐release melatonin and zolpidem on postural stability in older adults (2012)

In older adults, evening PR-M intake did not impair postural stability during the night. The postural instability with zolpidem demonstrated assay sensitivity and validated the outcome.
Two-step method for gross error detection in process data (2001)

Three types of gross errors-measurement biases, process leaks, and abnormal variances-are discussed. A new class of test statistics for gross error detection, called the two-step method, is proposed. This method consists of two steps. The first step is to detect and eliminate the abnormal variances in measured variables. The second step is to detect measurement biases and process leaks. In the second step, a mean-value transformation is introduced to improve the performance of gross error detection. Simulations are performed, and the two-step method is compared to the existing test statistics. It is shown that the new tests have a superior overall performance, and can detect all three types of gross errors discussed in this paper, even gross errors of small magnitudes. Also, the two-step method can easily distinguish measurement biases and process leaks from abnormal variances.
Bone marrow stromal cell blockade of human leukemic cell differentiation (1994)

Bone marrow (BM) stromal cell inhibition of leukemic cell differentiation was studied in cellular coculture experiments. In coculture, a significant percentage of cells from the human myeloid leukemic cell lines HL-60, PLB-985, and K562 adhere to fibroblastic KM-102 BM stromal cells. A sensitive two-color immunofluorescence assay was developed to monitor stromal cellular effects upon leukemic cell differentiation. After chemical induction with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, strongly adherent HL-60 and PLB-985 cells were inhibited from differentiating into more mature monocytic cells, as measured by the monocytic surface marker CD14. In contrast, loosely adherent and nonadherent HL-60 and PLB-985 leukemic cells in the same cocultures, as well as both adherent and nonadherent K562 cells induced with phorbol ester, were not blocked in their capacity to differentiate. Scanning electron microscopy and intercellular dye transfer experiments correlated intimate stromal cell/leukemic cell interaction and intercellular communication with the blockade of leukemic cell differentiation. These studies indicate that there is significant variability among leukemic lines with respect to the nature of their adhesion to stromal cells. Moreover, the data implicate gap-junction formation as a potentially significant event in stromal cell-mediated leukemic cell regulation.
The onset of convective instability in a triply diffusive fluid layer (1989)

The onset of instability is investigated in a triply diffusive fluid layer in which the density depends on three stratifying agencies having different diffusivities. It is found that, in some cases, three critical values of the Rayleigh number are required to specify the linear stability criteria. As in the case of another problem requiring three Rayleigh numbers for the specification of linear stability criteria (the rotating doubly diffusive case studied by Pearlstein 1981), the cause is traceable to the existence of disconnected oscillatory neutral curves. The multivalued nature of the stability boundaries is considerably more interesting and complicated than in the previous case, however, owing to the existence of heart-shaped oscillatory neutral curves. An interesting consequence of the heart shape is the possibility of ‘quasi-periodic bifurcation’ to convection from the motionless state when the twin maxima of the heart-shaped oscillatory neutral curve lie below the minimum of the stationary neutral curve. In this case, there are two distinct disturbances, with (generally) incommensurable values of the frequency and wavenumber, that simultaneously become unstable at the same Rayleigh number. This work complements the earlier efforts of Griffiths (1979 a ), who found none of the interesting results obtained herein.
A POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (1963)

It is noted that different physicists and geologists have in recent years espoused not less than four groups of theories of the physical behavior of the Earth's interior. Recent observations of submarine geology, heat, and rock magnetism have tended to support some form of continental drift rather than the older concept of a rigid earth.The Hawaiian Islands are one of seven, parallel, linear chains of islands and seamounts in the Pacific Ocean of Tertiary to Recent age. Their nature had previously been explained in terms of a series of volcanoes along parallel faults. Horizontal shear motion along these faults was supposed to be extending them southeasterly.The inadequacies of this explanation are pointed out. If there are convection currents in the Pacific region and if the upper parts of these cells move faster than the central parts, sources of lava within the slower moving cores could give rise to linear chains of progressively older volcanic piles such as the Hawaiian Islands. This view is shown to be compatible with seismic observations and age determinations.