gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators are differentially altered in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis and attenuate monocyte and blood-brain barrier dysfunction (2019)

Chronic inflammation is a key pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis and suggests that resolution of inflammation, orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, is impaired. Here, through targeted-metabololipidomics in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis, we revealed that each disease form was associated with distinct lipid mediator profiles that significantly correlated with disease severity. In particular, relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis patients were associated with high eicosanoids levels, whereas the majority of pro-resolving lipid mediators were significantly reduced or below limits of detection and correlated with disease progression. Furthermore, we found impaired expression of several pro-resolving lipid mediators biosynthetic enzymes and receptors in blood-derived leukocytes of MS patients. Mechanistically, differentially expressed mediators like LXA4, LXB4, RvD1 and PD1 reduced multiple sclerosis-derived monocyte activation and cytokine production and inhibited inflammation-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and monocyte transendothelial migration. Altogether, these findings reveal peripheral defects in the resolution pathway in multiple sclerosis, suggesting pro-resolving lipid mediators as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potentially safe therapeutics.
Observations on the Cause of Windowed Eggs (1976)

Experiments were conducted to study factors associated with the incidence of windowed eggs. Breaking strength and specific gravity of severely windowed eggs were lower than those of control eggs. When pressure was applied to windowed eggs 66.3° broke directly along the window, indicating that the windows were weaker than other parts of the shell. Windows are artificially produced on eggs with a cuticle and on eggs in which the cuticle had been previously removed. The results also indicate that cracked eggs with windows along the edge of the crack were cracked within minutes after the egg was laid.
Interchangeability of fats and Oils (1985)

Abstract The requirement for interchangeability of fats and oils is a result of such factors as availability and cost of raw materials, and the effects of legislation or market preference on product composition. Such changes should not affect the product's quality or performance. Interchangeability is practiced today in the production of products for human food, animal feed and technical uses, and is frequently controlled by computer. It is necessary fully to identify a product and its essential features whether simply by melting point or a full triglyceride structure. Modern analytical techniques such as NMR, GC, HPLC and DSC have enabled this identification to become a more exact science. The interchange may consist of a simple substitution of one oil or fat for another, or it may be more complex, involving a number of oils and fats and processes. Finally, the nature of the product may be such that it has to be “tailor‐made” using sophisticated processes to produce the required triglyceride composition. The unit processes which are employed are blending, hydrogenation, fractionation and interesterification. In the last process the recently published use of enzymes is of particular interest. Problems encountered are mainly concerned with the polymorphism of fats and oils which frequently sets limits on the proportion of a particular fat which can be used. Limits are also imposed by plant processing capacity. Palm and lauric acid oils are particularly important in the context of interchangeability for both edible and technical purposes because of their fatty acid and triglyceride compositions. They provide good examples of usefulness, problems resulting from polymorphism and the difficulties of substitution.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Intersystem Crossing and Resonance Energy Transfer in Er(III)−Quinolinolate Complexes (2010)

Organocomplexes with trivalent erbium are investigated by time-resolved optical spectroscopy techniques. Ultrafast time scales are reported for intraligand intersystem crossing (∼10 ps) and ligand-to-metal resonance energy transfer (∼100 ps), resulting in lanthanide-ion sensitization with nearly unity efficiency. Given the interest of erbium complexes for telecom wavelength solid-state amplifiers and emitters, the results should stimulate further theoretical investigations on radiationless transitions in such complexes.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheet‐Based Drug Delivery System for Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal/Chemotherapy of Cancer (2016)

A black phosphorus (BP)-based drug delivery system for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer is constructed. As a 2D nanosheet, BP shows super high drug loading capacity and pH-/photoresponsive drug release. The intrinsic photothermal and photodynamic effects of BP enhance the antitumor activities. The synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy makes BP-based drug delivery system a multifunctional nanomedicine platform.
Simultaneous mode, input and state estimation for switched linear stochastic systems (2020)

Summary In this paper, we propose a filtering algorithm for simultaneously estimating the mode, input and state of hidden mode switched linear stochastic systems with unknown inputs. Using a multiple‐model approach with a bank of linear input and state filters for each mode, our algorithm relies on the ability to find the most probable model as a mode estimate, which we show is possible with input and state filters by identifying a key property, that a particular residual signal we call generalized innovation is a Gaussian white noise. We also provide an asymptotic analysis for the proposed algorithm and provide sufficient conditions for asymptotically achieving convergence to the true model ( consistency ), or to the “closest” model according to an information‐theoretic measure ( convergence ). A simulation example of intention‐aware vehicles at an intersection is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Hadrontherapy Interactions in Molecular and Cellular Biology (2019)

The resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy is a major issue in the curative treatment of cancer patients. This resistance can be intrinsic or acquired after irradiation and has various definitions, depending on the endpoint that is chosen in assessing the response to radiation. This phenomenon might be strengthened by the radiosensitivity of surrounding healthy tissues. Sensitive organs near the tumor that is to be treated can be affected by direct irradiation or experience nontargeted reactions, leading to early or late effects that disrupt the quality of life of patients. For several decades, new modalities of irradiation that involve accelerated particles have been available, such as proton therapy and carbon therapy, raising the possibility of specifically targeting the tumor volume. The goal of this review is to examine the up-to-date radiobiological and clinical aspects of hadrontherapy, a discipline that is maturing, with promising applications. We first describe the physical and biological advantages of particles and their application in cancer treatment. The contribution of the microenvironment and surrounding healthy tissues to tumor radioresistance is then discussed, in relation to imaging and accurate visualization of potentially resistant hypoxic areas using dedicated markers, to identify patients and tumors that could benefit from hadrontherapy over conventional irradiation. Finally, we consider combined treatment strategies to improve the particle therapy of radioresistant cancers.
Evaluating strategies for similarity search on the web (2002)

Finding pages on the Web that are similar to a query page (Related Pages) is an important component of modern search engines. A variety of strategies have been proposed for answering Related Pages queries, but comparative evaluation by user studies is expensive, especially when large strategy spaces must be searched (e.g., when tuning parameters). We present a technique for automatically evaluating strategies using Web hierarchies, such as Open Directory, in place of user feedback. We apply this evaluation methodology to a mix of document representation strategies, including the use of text, anchor-text, and links. We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches examined. Finally, we describe how to efficiently construct a similarity index out of our chosen strategies, and provide sample results from our index.
EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN OF A FUNCTIONAL GONADOTROPIN IN THE PITUITARY OF THE MOST PRIMITIVE VERTEBRATE, HAGFISH (2011)

Fig.1. Correlation between pituitary GPH activities and gonadal development in hagfish. (A, B) Cellular activities of GPH cells in the hagfish pituitary. Note that intense immunoreactions are observed in mature female (B), while faint reactions presented in juvenile (A). (C, D) Relative GPH and GPH gene expressions in the pituitary of female (C) and male (D) hagfish. Open bars represent GPH gene expressions and filled bars represent GPH gene expressions. Note that two GPH transcripts in both sexes increase in well accordance with the developmental stage of the gonad.
Development of immature thymocytes: initiation of CD3, CD4, and CD8 acquisition parallels down‐regulation of the interleukin 2 receptor α chain (1990)

We have previously identified a developmental sequence among immature thymocytes, prior to their expression of the lineage markers CD3, CD4, and CD8. This sequence is marked by transient expression of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain (IL 2R alpha). The most mature cells in this sequence (surface phenotype heat-stable antigen (HSA)++ Pgp-1- IL 2R alpha-) are the immediate precursors to CD4+CD8+ small cortical thymocytes, and have by definition been considered to be CD4-CD8-. We now show that these cells display low levels of surface CD4 and CD8, but not CD3. This low-level expression begins to appear immediately after the loss of IL 2R alpha expression. Northern blot analysis for mRNA expression confirms that these IL 2R alpha- cells are transcribing CD4 and CD8 mRNA, in contrast to their immediate (IL 2R alpha+) precursor. Upon unstimulated culture, these IL 2R alpha- cells gradually acquire high levels of CD4 and CD8, as well as low levels of CD3, whereas IL 2R alpha+ cells do not. These findings suggest that the IL 2R alpha+ subset is the end of the true CD3-CD4-CD8- phase, and that the intracellular signals for CD3, CD4, and CD8 acquisition occur simultaneously with, or immediately prior to, the signal for down-regulation of IL 2R alpha.
A comparison of optimal and sub-optimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the log domain (2002)

For estimating the states or outputs of a Markov process, the symbol-by-symbol MAP algorithm is optimal. However, this algorithm, even in its recursive form, poses technical difficulties because of numerical representation problems, the necessity of nonlinear functions and a high number of additions and multiplications. MAP like algorithms operating in the logarithmic domain presented in the past solve the numerical problem and reduce the computational complexity, but are suboptimal especially at low SNR (a common example is the max-log-MAP because of its use of the max function). A further simplification yields the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA). We present a log-MAP algorithm that avoids the approximations in the max-log-MAP algorithm and hence is equivalent to the true MAP, but without its major disadvantages. We compare the (log-)MAP, max-log-MAP and SOVA from a theoretical point of view to illuminate their commonalities and differences. As a practical example forming the basis for simulations, we consider Turbo decoding, where recursive systematic convolutional component codes are decoded with the three algorithms, and we also demonstrate the practical suitability of the log-MAP by including quantization effects. The SOVA is, at 10/sup -4/, approximately 0.7 dB inferior to the (log-)MAP, the max-log-MAP lying roughly in between. We also present some complexity comparisons and conclude that the three algorithms increase in complexity in the order of their optimality.
Germline Polymorphisms may Act as Predictors of Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced T3 Rectal Tumors (2007)

A promising new combination of predictive markers for complete pathologic response was presented and warrants further investigation in prospective clinical trials.
Oxidative stress‐triggered interactions between the succinyl‐ and acetyl‐proteomes of rice leaves (2017)

Protein lysine acylations, such as succinylation and acetylation, are important post-translational modification (PTM) mechanisms, with key roles in cellular regulation. Antibody-based affinity enrichment, high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, and integrated bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize the lysine succinylome (K<sub>suc</sub> ) and acetylome (K<sub>ace</sub> ) of rice leaves. In total, 2,593 succinylated and 1,024 acetylated proteins were identified, of which 723 were simultaneously acetylated and succinylated. Proteins involved in photosynthetic carbon metabolism such as the large and small subunits of RuBisCO, ribosomal functions, and other key processes were subject to both PTMs. Preliminary insights into oxidant-induced changes to the rice acetylome and succinylome were gained from treatments with hydrogen peroxide. Exposure to oxidative stress did not regulate global changes in the rice acetylome or succinylome but rather led to modifications on a specific subset of the identified sites. De-succinylation of recombinant catalase (CATA) and glutathione S-transferase (OsGSTU6) altered the activities of these enzymes showing that this PTM may have a regulatory function. These findings not only greatly extend the list of acetylated and/or succinylated proteins but they also demonstrate the close cooperation between these PTMs in leaf proteins with key metabolic functions.
Minimal intervention delivered by 2-1-1 information and referral specialists promotes smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: a Texas generalisation trial (2020)

Replication of intervention research is reported infrequently, limiting what we know about external validity and generalisability. The Smoke Free Homes Program, a minimal intervention, increased home smoking bans by United Way 2-1-1 callers in randomised controlled trials in Atlanta, Georgia and North Carolina.
The proteomic response to mutants of the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome (2013)

The Escherichia coli RNA degradosome recognizes and degrades RNA through the coordination of four main protein components, the endonuclease RNase E, the exonuclease PNPase, the RhlB helicase and the metabolic enzyme enolase. To help our understanding of the functions of the RNA degradosome, we quantified expression changes of >2300 proteins using mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics in E. coli strains deficient in rhlB, eno, pnp (which displays temperature sensitive growth), or rne(1-602) which encodes a C-terminal truncation mutant of RNase E and is deficient in degradosome assembly. Global protein expression changes are most similar between the pnp and rhlB mutants, confirming the functional relationship between the genes. We observe down-regulation of protein chaperones including GroEL and DnaK (which associate with the degradosome), a decrease in translation related proteins in Δpnp, ΔrhlB and rne(1-602) cells, and a significant increase in the abundance of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Analysis of the observed proteomic changes points to a shared motif, CGCTGG, that may be associated with RNA degradosome targets. Further, our data provide information on the expression modulation of known degradosome-associated proteins, such as DeaD and RNase G, as well as other RNA helicases and RNases - suggesting or confirming functional complementarity in some cases. Taken together, our results emphasize the role of the RNA degradosome in the modulation of the bacterial proteome and provide the first large-scale proteomic description of the response to perturbation of this major pathway of RNA degradation.
Codesign of Switching Sequence and Diode Parameters for Multiple Pattern Optimization in Time-Modulated Arrays (2020)

An innovative method for the design of time-modulated arrays (TMAs) is presented in this letter. The time-domain switching sequence and the parameters of the radio-frequency diodes implementing the time modulation are simultaneously synthesized in order to optimize the features of multiple harmonic beam patterns generated by the TMA. In the proposed codesign strategy, the analysis of the dynamic linear and nonlinear phenomena occurring during a time-based radiation is accurately carried out, including the mutual coupling effects between the radiating elements. A set of representative examples, drawn from an exhaustive numerical validation, is reported and discussed to assess the advantages and the effectiveness of the proposed codesign strategy.
Finite state machine synthesis with concurrent error detection (2003)

A new synthesis technique for designing finite state machines with on-line parity checking is presented. The output logic and the next-state logic of the finite state machines are checked independently. By checking parity on the present state instead of the next state, this technique allows detection of errors in bistable elements (that were hitherto not detected by many previous techniques) while requiring no changes in the original machine specifications. This paper also examines design choices with respect to parity prediction circuits. Two such examined choices are the multi-parity-group and the single-parity-group techniques. A new state encoding technique based on the JEDI program is developed for the synthesis of the next-state logic with an additional parity output. Synthesis results produced by our proposed procedure for the MCNC'89 FSM benchmark circuits show on average a 25% reduction in literal counts compared to previous techniques.
Asymmetric Catalysis with Heterobimetallic Compounds (1997)

Abstract This review focuses on a new concept in catalytic asymmetric reactions that was first realized for the use of heterobimetallic complexes. As these heterobimetallic complexes function as both a Brønsted base and as a Lewis acid, just like an enzyme, they make possible a variety of efficient catalytic asymmetric reactions. This heterobimetallic concept should prove to be applicable to a variety of new asymmetric catalyses. The first part of this review describes the development of rare‐earth–alkali metal complexes such as LnM 3 tris(binaphthoxide) complexes (LnMB, Ln = rare‐earth metal, M = alkali metal), which are readily prepared from the corresponding rare‐earth trichlorides or rare‐earth isopropoxides, and their application to catalytic asymmetric synthesis. By using a catalytic amount of LnMB complexes several asymmetric reactions proceed efficiently to give the corresponding desired products in up to 98% ee : LnLB‐catalyzed asymmetric nitroaldol reactions (L = Li), LnSB‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael reactions (S  Na), and LnPB‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphonylations of either imines or aldehydes (P  K). Applications of these heterobimetallic catalysts to the syntheses of several biologically and medicinally important compounds are also described. Spectral analyses and computational simulations of the asymmetric reactions catalyzed by the heterobimetallic complexes reveal that the two different metals play different roles to enhance the reactivity of both reaction partners and to position them. From mechanistic considerations, a useful activation of the heterobimetallic catalyses was realized by addition of alkali metal reagents. The second part describes the development of another type of heterobimetallic catalysts featuring Group 13 elements such as Al and Ga as the central metal. Among them, the AlLibis(binaphthoxide) complex (ALB) is an effective catalyst for asymmetric Michael reactions, tandem Michael–aldol reactions, and hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes.
An investigation of the yield and postyield behavior and corresponding structure of poly(methyl methacrylate) (1993)

Abstract The mechanical behavior of glassy polymers is time and temperature dependent as evidenced by their viscoelastic and viscoplastic response to loading. The behavior is also known to depend strongly on the prior history of the material, changing with time and temperature without chemical intervention. In this investigation, we examine the effects of this process of physical aging on the yield and postyield behavior and corresponding evolution in the structural state of glassy polymers. This has been achieved through a systematic program of uniaxial, isothermal, constant strain–rate tests on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) specimens of different thermal histories and by performing positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements prior to and after mechanical deformation. PALS is an indicator of the free volume content, probing size and density of free volume sites and can be considered to be a measurement of structural state. The results of the mechanical tests show that aging acts to increase both the initial yield stress and the amount of strain softening which occurs subsequent to yield. Moreover, the amount of strain softening was found to be independent of strain rate indicating that softening is related to an evolution in structure as opposed to deformation kinetics. Furthermore, after sufficient inelastic straining, the initial thermal history is completely erased as evidenced by identical values of flow stress following strain softening, for both annealed and quenched polymer. Strong confirmation of the structural state or free volume related nature of the strain softening process is obtained by our companion PALS measurements. PALS detects an increase in the size of free volume sites following inelastic deformation and finds the initially annealed and quenched specimens to posses the same post‐deformation distribution. The size of sites is found to evolve steadily with inelastic strain until it attains a steady‐state value. This evolution of free volume with strain follows the observed softening of the flow stress to a steady‐state value. These results provide experimental evidence that an increase in free volume with inelastic straining accompanies the strain softening phenomenon in glassy polymers and that strain softening is indeed a de‐aging process. Based on our experimental results a mechanistically based constitutive model has been formulated to describe the effects of thermal history on the yield and postyield deformation behavior of glassy polymers up to moderate strains. The model is found to successfully capture the effects of physical aging, strain softening, strain rate, and temperature on the inelastic behavior of glassy polymers when compared with experimental results. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Molecular MIMD processors: an initial investigation (1993)

A multilayer MIMD data-flow processor using spectral hole burning, photon echo, mutually coherent reconstruction beams for holograms, and algorithmic origami is sketched very roughly. It should allow low power consumption, significant parallelism, great flexibility, and high speed (picosecond gates). More importantly, it may allow us practical access to the high resolution of molecules relative to wires and beams of light.