gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graph Edit Distance Computation via Graph Neural Networks. (2018)

Graph similarity search is among the most important graph-based applications, e.g. finding the chemical compounds that are most similar to a query compound. Graph similarity computation, such as Graph Edit Distance (GED) and Maximum Common Subgraph (MCS), is the core operation of graph similarity search and many other applications, but very costly to compute in practice. Inspired by the recent success of neural network approaches to several graph applications, such as node or graph classification, we propose a novel neural network based approach to address this classic yet challenging graph problem, aiming to alleviate the computational burden while preserving a good performance. The proposed approach, called SimGNN, combines two strategies. First, we design a learnable embedding function that maps every graph into a vector, which provides a global summary of a graph. A novel attention mechanism is proposed to emphasize the important nodes with respect to a specific similarity metric. Second, we design a pairwise node comparison method to supplement the graph-level embeddings with fine-grained node-level information. Our model achieves better generalization on unseen graphs, and in the worst case runs in quadratic time with respect to the number of nodes in two graphs. Taking GED computation as an example, experimental results on three real graph datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. Specifically, our model achieves smaller error rate and great time reduction compared against a series of baselines, including several approximation algorithms on GED computation, and many existing graph neural network based models. To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first to adopt neural networks to explicitly model the similarity between two graphs, and provide a new direction for future research on graph similarity computation and graph similarity search.
Could the gene coding for human uteroglobin (clara cell 10 kDa protein) be a candidate gene for atopy (1994)

It has been proposed that human immune response to allergens is genetically determined. Most of these allergic responses are directed to environmental proteins and are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). These allergic disorders (eg. allergic asthma) are commonly known as atopy. IgE activates phospholipase A{sub 2} (PLA{sub 2}) which hydrolyzes cell membrane phospholipids generating free fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA). AA is utilized as the substrate for the generation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and platelet activating factor (PAF). These agents can cause inflammation as well as bronchoconstriction, hallmarks of asthma. IgE-induced mast cell degranulation and accumulation of basophils and eosinophils in the lung are also characteristic immunological processes commonly found in atopic asthma. Recent investigations suggest that a group I PLA{sub 2} may be associated with the secretory granules of these cells. An inverse relationship between the levels of eicosanoids and hUG has been found in the nasopharyngeal lavage fluid of children with viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, often a precipitating factor in asthma. Results of genetic linkage studies mapped a putative atopy gene in human chromosome 11q{sup 13}, the same region in which we localized the hUG gene. Moreover, a genetic linkage between atopic IgE responsesmore » and chromosome 11q{sup 13} has been reported. In addition, hUG is: (i) a potent inhibitor of PLA{sub 2} activity, (ii) a potent antiinflammatory/immunomodulatory and antichemotactic protein and has a hitherto undetermined receptor-mediated activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that a mutation either in the hUG or its receptor genes may manifest symptoms characteristic of atopy. Hence, we raise the question whether hUG is a candidate gene for this disease.« less
Integrin expression and differentiation in transformed human epidermal cells is regulated by fibroblasts (1992)

Normal human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) and transformed HFKs (FEPE1L-8 cells) generated by the introduction of cloned human papillomavirus type 16 sequences were compared for the expression and function of a family of adhesion receptors termed integrins. Initially, cells were examined in conventional monolayer cultures. FEPE1L-8s expressed integrins alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, alpha 6 beta 4 and beta 1 at comparable levels to HFKs. Further, these receptors were fully functional in mediating specific interactions with exogenously supplied ligands. However, FEPE1L-8s exhibited decreased synthesis of a number of extracellular matrix components, including laminin, fibronectin and epiligrin, compared to normal HFKs, which may be an alternate mechanism for regulating adhesion. Subsequently, organotypic cultures (OCs), which provide a suitable in vitro model system for the ordered stratification and differentiation of keratinocytes, were used to study the regulation of integrins and various epidermal markers in normal and transformed cells. OCs consisted of keratinocytes plated on a collagen gel containing primary human fibroblasts, grown at an air-medium interface. Unlike normal HFKs, the transformed FEPE1L-8 cells exhibited (a) disorganized stratification and limited differentiation capacity, (b) invasion into the collagen gel, and (c) unregulated expression of alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1, and under-expression of alpha 6 beta 4 integrins. Ordered stratification and spatial regulation of integrin expression could be induced in the FEPE1L-8s by substituting Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in the collagen gel. Further data indicate that the human fibroblasts induce the transformed HFKs to invade into the collagen gel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On using random races in learning machines which rank actions in stochastic environments (2002)

The authors consider the problem of a learning machine (LM) interacting with a random environment which offers the LM M actions. They endeavor to obtain machines which yield an ordering of the individual actions in terms of their optimality. The problem is posed in its generality and a formal solution provided using a new mathematical model called the random race. In the simplest learning model, the learning multiple race track (LMRT) model, each racer runs on his own track, thus disallowing interference between the racers. However, in a more interactive setting, the learning single race track (LSRT) model, the racers run on a single track, and in this case, interferences between racers are specified in terms of overtaking rules. The order in which the racers reach the goal is defined as the ordering to which the learning machine converges. The LMRT scheme is examined, and various results are derived for the case when no a priori information is utilized and for the case when the LMRT uses a priori information by giving the racers handicaps which are either uniformly or geometrically distributed. Analogous results for the LSRT are conjectured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Surfactants on Solvolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Alkanoates Catalyzed by 4-(Dialkylamino)pyridine-Functionalized Polymer in Aqueous Methanol Solution (1997)

Catalysis of the solvolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates 2 (n = 2−18) by 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine-functionalized polymer 1 in the presence of sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS), n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and heptaethylene glycol n-dodecyl ether (HEGDE) was investigated in 50:50 (v/v) methanol−water buffer (0.05 M H2PO4-/HPO42-, pH 8.0) solution. Strikingly, a large rate enhancement is observed in the presence of anionic surfactant SDS for the solvolysis of 2 (n = 10−18) as compared with the corresponding reaction catalyzed by 1 or SDS alone. SDS is believed to bind both substrate and catalyst within micellar aggregates and influence reactivity by a combination of catalyst−substrate proximity and micellar microenvironment. In the presence of HEGDE, no significant effects on the 1-catalyzed solvolysis of 2 (n < 8) were observed. At (2.5−7.5) × 10-5 unit mol L-1 1, the solvolysis rate exhibits a modest decrease for 2 (n = 10 and 12) and a modest increase for 2 (n = 14, 16, and 18) with added nonionic surfactant HEGDE. The solvolysis rate for 1-catalyzed solvolysis of 2 (n = 2−18) was found to be unchanged by cationic surfactant DTAB in aqueous methanol solution.
Immobilization of Lipase by Entrapment in Ca-alginate Beads (2008)

The lipase-producing strain, Arthrobacter sp. (ABL), isolated was immobilized in Ca-alginate beads by entrapment. The alginate beads were prepared as an aqueous mixture of sodium alginate, the cells and CaCl 2 to increase its reusability, and overall enzyme stability. Various parameters like alginate and CaCl 2 concentration, lipase units loading and bead size were evaluated for optimum immobilization yield. It was observed that with the increase in alginate concentration, the yield of immobilized enzyme also increased up to a limit. A similar pattern was observed with CaCl 2 addition; the optimum concentrations of alginate and CaCl 2 observed were 1.5% (w/v) and 2%, respectively. The concentration of enzyme entrapped in the beads with an activity of 5 units per gram of wet beads was obtained by the addition of 100 units in 10 mL of slurry; beyond this amount a very little increase in activity was observed. The maximum immobilization yield was observed with a 1.2 mm bead size; increased bead sizes decreased the yield of immobilization. After optimization of all the parameters, a 40% yield of lipase (ABL) activity was observed in the Ca-alginate beads. These lipase beads were used for 10 cycles for the hydrolysis of triglycerides without any loss in activity. The entrapped lipase was more stable over a wide range of temperatures, pH, and storage time as compared to free enzyme.
Handbook of balance function testing (1993)

This text is designed to serve as a resource handbook for clinicians and technicians who assess patients with balance system disorders. It also provides a practical description of all balance functions and their interpretation.
Feature Cluster Algebra for Geometric Tolerancing (2011)

The ASME Y14.5.1 companion to the Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&amp;T) standard gives an exhaustive tabulation of active and invariant degrees of freedom (DOF) for Datum Reference Frames (DRF). These DRFs are entity clusters of points, lines, and planes with different geometric relations to each other (coincident, parallel, perpendicular etc.). This paper investigates the systematic derivation of DRF &amp; target clusters’ DOFs and associates them with tolerance classes. A vector representation of geometric entities and Boolean operations are proposed. This algebra was validated by applying it to all cases in the Y14.5.1 tabulation; the results were identical to those in the standard. Only translational and rotational DOFs were considered since size dimensions are independent of this analysis. Of course, only a handful of DRF cases in the standard have practical use. Based on the algebraic calculation of DOF in each DRF cluster, the general rules regarding how target entities are constrained by diverse DRF clusters are discussed in this paper. Target entities are associated with specific DRF and tolerance or composite tolerances.
Crystal structure of RimO fromThermotoga maritima (2008)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are an important family of signal transduction proteins, together with protein tyrosine kinases, controlling tyrosine phosphorylation which plays a major role in many cellular functions including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. There are at least 107 genes coding for PTPs in the human genome. Recently, about half of all PTP genes have been implicated in human disease and recognized as potential drug targets. PTPs have a conserved catalytic domain and show some subtle structural differences in the active-site residues. The detailed structural information of PTPs will enable us to verify the interaction between substrates and the active-site residues and provide a solid foundation for rational PTP inhibitor design. To this end, the catalytic domains of 56 human PTPs (RPTPalpha, RPTPbeta, LAR, SAP1, DEP1, RPTPkappa, RPTPmu, IA-2, IA-2beta, PTP-U2, PCPTP, RPTPsigma, PTPRT, PTP1B, TCPTP, STEP, SHP1, HePTP, SHP2, PTP-BAS, PTP36, PTPD1, MKP-1, MKP-2, hVH3/B23, PYST1, PYST2, hVH5, MKP-4, MKP-5, MKP-7, VHR, PIR1, HYVH1, BEDP, TMDP, VHY, DUSP20, DUSP17, DUSP21, VHX, MOSP, MGC1136, VHZ, MCE, SSH1, SSH2, PRL1, PRL2, PRL3, CDC14B, LMPTP, CDC25A, CDC25B, CDC25C, Eya2) were well expressed in E. coli and subjected to the crystallization screening. Among them, more than 16 PTPs were successfully crystallized and some of their structural analyses have been reported. Especially with our recent structural report of SSH2, comparative analysis between seven sub-families (MKPs, atypical DSPs, SSHs, PRLs, CDC14s, PTENs, MTMs) of DSPs or VH1-like PTPs (61 genes) would be possible. With these results, our targeted proteomics research efforts involving mass spectrometric analysis will be also discussed.
Surgery in patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant. (1981)

Twelve surgical procedures were performed in eight patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant. Bleeding complications were noted intra and postoperatively in three patients, either with an associated hypoprothrombinemia and/or thrombocytopenia. Five patients in whom only circulating lupus anticoagulant was found had an uneventful intra and postoperative course. It is concluded that the presence of lupus anticoagulant, when unassociated with other hemostatic defects, is not a contraindication for surgery.
Security improvement on a biometrics-based authentication protocol for multi-server environment (2017)

Recently, an biometrics-based multi-server authentication protocol was proposed by Odelu et al. It was proved that the scheme is secure against different possible known attacks and satisfies attractive security properties. In this paper, however, we prove that Odelu et al.'s scheme suffers from offline password guessing attack and fails to provide three-factor security. Further, we propose an improved scheme by applying fuzzy verifier to local password verification and employing Chebyshev chaotic map-based cryptography. Security analysis shows that our scheme not only maintains the advantages of the Odelu et al.'s scheme but also withstand the offline password guessing attack. As a result, our improved scheme can provide three-factor security and has better performance compared with Odelu et al.'s scheme.
Revised Modified Oxford Bone Score (2011)

Level II - development of diagnostic criteria with reference to "gold" standard.
Influence of Comesogens on the Thermal and Actuation Properties of 2‐tert‐Butyl‐1,4‐bis[4‐(4‐pentenyloxy)benzoyl]hydroquinone Based Nematic Main‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (2012)

Abstract Although the shape‐changing capabilities of LCEs hold great potential for applications ranging from micropumps to artificial muscles, customization of the LCE functionality to the applications' requirements is still a challenge. It is studied whether the orientation of NMC‐LCPs and NMC‐LCEs based on 2‐ tert‐ butyl‐1,4‐bis[4‐(4‐pentenyloxy)benzoyl]hydroquinone can be enhanced by copolymerization with 2‐methyl‐1,4‐bis[4‐(4‐pentenyloxy)benzoyl]hydroquinone or 2,6‐bis[4‐(4‐pentenyl‐oxy)‐benzoyl]anthracene. An increasing content of the comonomers stabilizes the nematic phase, which enables a tailoring of T NI for the NMC‐LCP between 45 and 68 °C, while for the NMC‐LCE T NI ranges between 69 and 76 °C. In addition, NMC‐LCE show an increased actuation performance. magnified image
Free radicals imaged in vivo in the rat by using proton-electron double-resonance imaging (1990)

Abstract A new technique called proton—electron double-resonance imaging is described for imaging free radicals in aqueous samples. The method is a combination of proton NMR imaging with nuclear electron double resonance. The results of using this technique to image free radicals in vivo in the rat are presented. Rats were injected intravenously with a nitroxide free radical solution and a series of images was obtained from which the clearance of the free radical through the liver and kidneys could be observed.
Laser interferometric sensor for seismic waves measurement (2007)

Laser interferometry is one of the most sensitive methods for small displacement measurement for scientific and industrial applications, whose wide diffusion in very different fields is due not only to the high sensitivity and reliability of laser interferometric techniques, but also to the availability of not expensive optical components and high quality low-cost laser sources. Interferometric techniques have been already successfully applied also to the design and implementation of very sensitive sensors for geophysical applications. In this paper we describe the architecture and the expected theoretical performances of a laser interferometric velocimeter for seismic waves measurement. We analyze and discuss the experimental performances of the interferometric system, comparing the experimental results with the theoretical predictions and with the performances of a state-of-the art commercial accelerometer. The results obtained are very encouraging, although few problems, mainly related to the sensitivity and stability of the interferometric system, have to be better studied.
[French adaptation and validation of the Carroll rating scale for depression]. (1987)

The authors translated the Carroll Rating Scale for depression published in 1982. They evaluated the reliability of this scale in 50 normal volunteers. They validated the French Version against the Hamilton Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The translation has been shown to be reliable. The correlation between the Hamilton Rating Scale and the Carroll Rating Scale is better than the one between the Hamilton Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The Carroll Rating Scale appears to be useful for a quick evaluation of depressive symptoms.
Illustrating interference in interfering versions of programs (1989)

The need to integrate several versions of a program into a common one arises frequently, but it is a tedious and time consuming task to merge programs by hand. The program-integration algorithm recently proposed by S. Horwitz, J. Prins, and T. Reps provides a way to create a semantics-based tool for program integration. The integration algorithm is based on the assumption that any change in the behavior, rather than the text, of a program variant is significant and must be preserved in the merged program. An integration system based on this algorithm will determine whether the programs incorporate interfering changes, and, if they do not, will automatically create an integrated program that includes all changes as well as all features that are preserved in all variants.
DEVELOPING A SECTOR BY CREATING COMMUNITY-OWNED ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE CULTIVATION AND PROCESSING OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA (2009)

The Technology Transfer for Social Impact Center of CSIR and the Sustainable Livelihoods Programme of Department of Science and Technology work in partnership to develop the medicinal plant and essential oil sector in South Africa. The approach is to identify and address key technical, marketing and regulatory obstacles that have inhibited the growth of the sector to date. In addition, a portfolio of projects, aim of establishing new enterprises in rural communities based on cultivation and processing of medicinal and essential oil plants, is implemented. The indigenous essential oil species under cultivation include buchu, rose geranium and Lippia javanica on a total of 75 ha, currently being expanded to a total of 240 ha. Roman chamomile, German chamomile, peppermint and rose damascena as well as the indigenous species, Eriocephalus punctulatus and E. africanus are cultivated on pilot sites. Indigenous medicinal plants include Pelargonium sidoides, Sutherlandia frutescens, Hoodia gordonii, Harpagophytum procumbens and Siphonochilus aethiopicus. The climatic diversity of the country allows the cultivation of a variety of species, but also leads to significant differences in chemical profiles of essential oils produced from the same genetic stock. A desired 1:1 ratio of geraniol (21.3%) and citronellol (21.4%) was obtained for rose geranium oil produced in coastal regions under conditions of water stress. In contrast, certain interior areas being irrigated yielded oil containing geraniol and citronellol in a ratio of 1.0:2.3. In order to develop a model that relates agronomic conditions to oil quantity and quality, data are gathered using twelve telemetric weather stations installed on project sites.
Calorimetric Investigation of the Isotropic to Smectic-A Phase Transition of Smectic Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers (2012)

A high-resolution calorimetric study has been performed in the vicinity of the isotropic to smectic-A phase transition of smectic liquid crystalline elastomers. The transition is weakly first order for both investigated samples. Nevertheless, different features have been observed when the crosslinking density is changed, such as substantial broadening of the transition and decrease of the involved latent heat. The latter is sluggishly released in a range of few K.
Channel estimation for multi-user detector DS-CDMA receivers (2000)

We consider a multi-user detector for the downlink of a DS-CDMA system with similar parameters to the UTRA-TDD specification, placing particular emphasis on the various trade-offs which must be accommodated to obtain a sufficiently accurate estimate of the multipath channel and thus permit reliable data transmission. We demonstrate that choosing parameters solely to optimise the mean square error of the channel estimate is sub-optimal from the point of view of overall error performance.
FASTer FTL for Enterprise-Class Flash Memory SSDs (2010)

For the past decade, numerous methods have been proposed for the design of a flash translation layer (FTL), which is the core engine of flash memory drives that critically determines the performance of the drives. In this paper, we revisit one of the popular FTL schemes called FAST, and augment it with new optimization techniques aiming particularly at online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads. As flash memory solid state drives (SSDs) are increasingly adopted for large-scale enterprise-class storage systems, it is important to develop an FTL that can deal with OLTP workloads in a scalable manner, which are characterized by a large number of small, random and skewed IO operations. With the proposed optimization methods such as giving a second chance to valid pages and isolating cold ones, the enhanced FTL, called FASTer, outperforms FAST considerably. In our experiments, FASTer reduced average elapsed time by more than 30 percent, and minimized the fluctuation of response time drastically. Overall, the performance of FASTer was comparable to a page mapping FTL, which tends to consume much more DRAM space to store a large mapping table. This will make the FASTer FTL one of the most cost effective and scalable FTL schemes for OLTP workloads.
Simple Eye–Hand Reaction Time in the Retinal Periphery Can Be Reduced With Training (2011)

One critical aspect of sports vision is eye-hand reaction time, especially for visual stimuli in the retinal periphery. A key question is, “Can eye-hand reaction time be reduced with training?” Evidence from a series of recent experiments suggests that it can. The results in the retinal periphery demonstrated the following: (1) eye-hand reaction time can be reduced by training a small extent (∼10-20 msec) involving central visual processing changes, (2) the training effect transfers to other retinal loci, and (3) the improvement is retained following the cessation of training. These results suggest that training of eye-hand reaction time in the retinal periphery should be considered in athletes to potentially improve their on-field sports performance.