gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen plasma environment: Its effect on polymers (1994)

The response of polymers to atomic oxygen in a radio frequency plasma was investigated. As a first step, an effort was made to characterize the nature of an oxygen plasma. Relative concentrations of various charged and neutral particles were determined. A wide variety of polymeric materials were then exposed to a thermal atomic oxygen environment at fluxes of 10{sup 22} atoms/m{sup 2}-sec. Bulk material temperatures were maintained at 10, 45, and 75{degrees}C during exposure. Mass loss rate of polymers was primarily controlled by the atomic oxygen species which nonetheless constituted only one percent or less of the total plasma chamber pressure. Ions and electrons which were determined to be minor constituents of the plasma did not contribute to the mass loss. Sputtering by the thermal oxygen atom had essentially no influence in the removal of surface atoms of polymers. Mass loss of polymers under atomic oxygen exposure was confirmed to be a thermally activated process with activation energies in the range from 1 to 48 kJ/mole. Polymer reactions with atomic oxygen may be described by a two-step process of atomic oxygen diffusion into the polymer surface with subsequent reactions with bonds to generate low molecular weight gases. 42 refs., 9more » figs., 8 tabs.« less
The inverse problem in electroneurography. I. Conceptual basis and mathematical formulation (1988)

A mathematical technique for the analysis of the compound action potential (CAP) of a peripheral nerve is presented. The procedure deals with the estimation of the number of active fibers contributing to the CAP and the distribution of their conduction velocities. The CAP is described as a filtered Poisson process, the (time-varying) filter representing the single-fiber action potential waveshapes. The estimation procedure consists of two parts. The first part, related to the fast conducting fibers contributing to the CAP main complex, uses least-squares optimization techniques for the reconstruction of the CAP waveshape. The second part, applying to the small late components of the CAP due to slowly conducting fibres, explicitly uses the Poisson process formulism and is based on reconstructing the energy for variance in the CAP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract PS16-20: Targeting the RNA-binding protein HuR to overcome chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (2021)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a much lower 5-year relative survival rate (77%) than the overall breast cancer (91%). Chemotherapy remains the primary choice for the treatment of TNBC. However, patients often develop resistance to conventional chemotherapy after long-term exposure to the chemo-drugs, resulting in poorer prognosis and higher tumor reoccurrence compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Therefore, understanding and overcoming drug resistance is critical for the successful treatment of TNBC. The Hu antigen R (HuR) or ELAVL1 (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like protein 1) plays an important role in chemotherapy resistance. The RNA-binding protein HuR is a posttranscriptional regulator, which can stabilize target mRNAs by binding to U- or AU-rich elements (ARE) mainly in 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs and upregulate the translation of them. The encoded proteins are implicated in multiple cancer hallmarks, including chemoresistance. The overexpression of HuR, especially accumulated cytoplasmic expression, has been identified to be related to chemoresistance in many types of cancer. We hypothesize that inhibition of HuR function by disrupting its interaction with mRNAs can accelerate the decay of mRNAs and thus reduce the translation of proteins responsible for chemoresistance.Recently, we reported a small molecule HuR inhibitor, KH-3, which potently inhibit HuR function by disrupting the HuR-mRNA interaction. KH-3 can effectively suppress the growth and invasion of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aim to verify that HuR is a target for overcoming chemoresistance and evaluate that KH-3 as a HuR functional inhibitor can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for TNBC cells. To determine whether HuR inhibition can overcome acquired chemotherapy resistance of TNBCs, we generated MDA-MB-231 sub-cell lines with acquired resistance against docetaxel or doxorubicin. Our results show that inhibition of HuR by KH-3 could synergize chemotherapy for TNBC in vitro and in vivo. More interestingly, KH-3 treatment could re-sensitize resistant TNBC cells to chemo-drugs, indicating that HuR inhibition can overcome acquired chemoresistance. In the study of mechanism of actions, several pathways and HuR direct target mRNAs are found to be involved in acquired docetaxel and doxorubicin resistance. The detailed molecular mechanisms of how KH-3 sensitizes TNBC to chemotherapy is currently under investigation. This study provides a new strategy to overcome chemotherapy resistance and improve the overall survival rate of patients with TNBC. Citation Format: Lanjing Wei, Qi Zhang, Gulhumay Gardashova, Cuncong Zhong, Jeffrey Aubé, Danny R. Welch, Xiaoqing Wu, Liang Xu. Targeting the RNA-binding protein HuR to overcome chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS16-20.
A Cyclopropabenzenylidenethenone (Propadienone) via a New Route to Alkylidenecycloproparenes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optical gas sensing properties of gold-nanoparticle incorporated LSTO films at high temperature (2019)

<i>In-situ</i> sensing in high temperature and chemically reactive environments – i.e., within solid oxide fuel cells or power plant boiler systems – is inherently challenging due to the rapid degradation of most traditional sensor materials within this regime. Although optical fiber based sensors provide clear advantages in this context, progress in this area of application has hinged on the development of (a) optical fiber materials and (b) thin film materials with strong optical response to gas environment, both of which must resist degradation under such conditions. Conducting metal oxide thin films have been examined in the literature as a candidate to solve the latter problem, due to a free-carrier governed optical response in the NIR (1-2 &mu;m), that can be strongly dependent upon gas environment. In this work, we present the impact of incorporating gold nanoparticles in one such metal oxide, lanthanum-doped strontium titanite (LSTO), on the gas sensing response, both in the NIR and UV-VIS range. Via optical transmission measurements performed at high temperature (up to 800 C), the intertwined free-carrier response of the film and the localized surface plasmon response of the nanoparticles are examined in the presence of hydrogen of varying concentration. Measurements are presented for films coated both on planar substrates and on optical fibers.
Lack of activation of molecular forms of the BNP system in human grade 1 hypertension and relationship to cardiac hypertrophy (2006)

We evaluated relationships among two circulating molecular forms of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP32 and NT-proBNP), severity of hypertension (HTN), and cardiac hypertrophy in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe HTN. We prospectively studied 78 patients (43 males; mean age 51.4 +/- 11 yr) with essential HTN and 28 age- and sex-matched controls. BNP32 and NT-proBNP were measured by radioimmunoassay. In grade 1 HTN, BNP32 was not elevated and NT-proBNP was reduced (P = 0.030) compared with controls. However, log-transformed values of BNP32 and NT-proBNP were both increased with severity of HTN from grade 1 to 3 (P <0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). By multivariate analysis, log BNP32 was independently predicted by age (beta = 0.210, P = 0.026) and HTN grade (beta = 0.274, P = 0.004), whereas log NT-proBNP was independently predicted by sex (beta = 0.235, P = 0.012) and HTN grade (beta = 0.218, P = 0.0023). Two forms of BNP were measured in normal subjects and patients with essential HTN. In grade 1 HTN, BNP32 was unchanged and NT-proBNP was significantly reduced compared with controls. As severity increased in humans with grade 1 to 3 HTN, both BNP32 and NT-proBNP levels were increased while not being affected by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The lack of activation of BNP32 together with the reduction of NT-proBNP in grade 1 HTN may represent an impaired response of the BNP system in the early phase of HTN. The later activation of both forms of BNP may be a late compensatory effect, because it correlates with severity of HTN rather than cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling.
ARC-9: Phase Ib/II study to evaluate etrumadenant (AB928)-based treatment combinations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (2021)

TPS150 Background: ATP release from dying cancer cells in response to platinum-based chemotherapy increases extracellular immunosuppressive adenosine, which binds and activates the A 2a and A 2b receptors on immune cells. Adenosine-mediated signaling impairs activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic activity of effector T cells, resulting in inhibition of antitumor activity. Concomitant adenosine receptor blockade may therefore enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemo/immunotherapy regimens. Etrumadenant (AB928), the first clinical-stage, small-molecule, dual adenosine receptor antagonist, is highly potent, pharmacodynamically active, and has been well tolerated in dose escalation studies as monotherapy or combined with chemo/immunotherapy. Recently, results were reported for the ARC-3 phase 1/1b study of etrumadenant + modified 5-fluorouracil + oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX-6) in patients (pts) with mCRC. In this study, etrumadenant + mFOLFOX-6 was well tolerated without significant additive toxicity. Disease control was observed in patients with RAS/BRAF mutated mCRC, as well as 3L+ disease previously treated with FOLFOX and/or FOLFIRI (PR and/or SD &gt;4 mo). Due to deep responses in 1L-3L+ pts, 6 pts had the opportunity to pursue surgery and radiotherapy with curative intent. The encouraging results from ARC-3 warrant further evaluation of etrumadenant-based combination therapy for mCRC. Methods: ARC-9 is a phase 1b/2, multicohort, open-label, randomized platform study designed to evaluate safety and clinical activity of etrumadenant (150 mg orally once daily [QD]) in combination with standard-of-care (SOC) regimens or novel therapeutics in pts with mCRC (Table). Cohort eligibility is based on prior anticancer treatment history. Pts enrolled in Cohorts A and B will be randomized (2:1) into the experimental vs SOC arms. Cohort C consists of a single arm to allow inclusion of novel agents as they become available with built in early stopping rules for futility. Pts who progress on the SOC arm of Cohort A can enroll in Cohort B; pts who progress on the SOC arm of Cohort B can crossover to the experimental arm. Primary endpoints across cohorts are shown in Table. Safety monitoring will occur throughout the trial, disease assessments will occur every 8 weeks, and correlative study pre- and on-treatment biopsies will be performed. [Table: see text]
Physical Examination of the Spine (2016)

General Introduction Anatomy of the Spine Vasculature of the Spine Basic neurology Upper / Lower motor neuron disease testing musculature reflex sensation, temperature, pain, vibration, and grading systems cervical eye examination thoracic spine examination lumbar examination
ChemInform Abstract: Anellation Effects in the Thiophene Series (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visible light-induced long-lived charge separation across a sensitised nanostructured TiO2–polyviologen membrane (1998)

The preparation of a transparent nanostructured TiO2 membrane and its sensitisation to visible light by chemisorption of a tris-bipyridyl ruthenium complex is described. Also described, is the subsequent deposition of a polyviologen film on one face of the sensitised membrane. Absorption of a visible photon by a sensitiser molecule is followed by injection of an electron into the conduction band of the nanostructured TiO2 membrane and by conduction band state mediated electron transfer to a viologen oligomer. By these means, the energy of a visible photon is converted into chemical potential stored in the form of an oxidised electron donor and a reduced electron acceptor on opposite sides of a membrane.
Stand-off identification and mapping of liquid surface contaminations by passive hyperspectral imaging (2013)

Stand-off identification of potentially hazardous liquid surface contaminations and the visualisation of the contaminated area enable first responders to rapidly assess emergency situations. Hyperspectral imaging allows the detection and mapping of a huge variety of liquid compounds in real time even without the active illumination of the sample. The approach that is presented in this study uses the contrast of the brightness temperature of the investigated sample and of the surrounding hemisphere. The liquid compounds are identified by the comparison of the reflection spectrum that is measured and synthetic reflection spectra for various liquid compounds. These synthetic in-situ spectra are calculated using the optical properties of the various target compounds that are stored in a library and data characterizing the measurement conditions. That is the spectrum of the radiation incident to the investigated sample and the reflection spectrum of the uncontaminated background surface, both of which are acquired along with the measurement. In this work passive measurements of liquid surface contaminations are presented. The comparison to modelled spectra proves the feasibility of passive stand-off detection and mapping of liquid compounds.
11q Deletions in Hematological Malignancies (2001)

Structural aberrations involving 11q are among the most common aberrations in a number of hematological malignancies. Most of the aberrations, such as translocations and deletions, often harbor a breakpoint at 11q23, which suggests that this region might contain a tumor suppressor gene important for the genesis of lymphoproliferative disorders. Interestingly, deletions are concentrated only in some subtypes of hematological malignancies, where they are detected at a relatively high frequency. In B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), deletions have been detected in 20-30% of the cases, whereas almost half of the mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) show deletion at 11q23 in fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. In T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), deletions involving the region 11q23.3-23.1 have also been detected to be frequent. In B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 11q deletion is associated with more rapid disease progression and poor survival in a younger subgroup of patients. The putative tumor suppressor genes have remained unrevealed until recently, when the ATM gene was found to carry mutations in cases with deletion in B-CLL, MCL and T-PLL. These data suggest that 11q deletions and dysfunction of the ATM gene might have significance in the tumorigenesis of certain subsets of hematological malignancies. Importance of 11q deletion as a diagnostic marker needs to be further studied in a larger series of patients. Another issue that remains to be investigated is the involvement of other target genes in the deletion.
On the Normal Force and Static Friction Acting on a Rolling Ball Actuated by Internal Point Masses (2019)

The goal of this paper is to investigate the normal and tangential forces acting at the point of contact between a horizontal surface and a rolling ball actuated by internal point masses moving in the ball’s frame of reference. The normal force and static friction are derived from the equations of motion for a rolling ball actuated by internal point masses that move inside the ball’s frame of reference, and, as a special case, a rolling disk actuated by internal point masses. The masses may move along one-dimensional trajectories fixed in the ball’s and disk’s frame. The dynamics of a ball and disk actuated by masses moving along one-dimensional trajectories are simulated numerically and the minimum coefficients of static friction required to prevent slippage are computed.
Typhaine Haziza, Le kaléidoscope hérodotéen. Images, imaginaire et représentations de l’Égypte à travers le Livre II d’Hérodote. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2009 (2010)

Malaise Michel. Typhaine Haziza, Le kaléidoscope hérodotéen. Images, imaginaire et représentations de l’Égypte à travers le Livre II d’Hérodote. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2009. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 79, 2010. pp. 384-387.
Cochlear Implants in Forty-Eight Children with Cochlear and/or Vestibular Abnormality (2010)

CT and MRI scans for 48 children with cochlear and/or vestibular abnormality were classified in decreasing severity; common cavity, Mondini plus enlarged vestibular aqueduct, Mondini dysplasia alone and enlarged vestibular aqueduct alone. No significant relationship between degree of cochlea abnormality and surgical issues (cerebrospinal fluid gusher, depth of insertion, number of electrodes) or speech perception/language outcomes was found. A significant relationship was observed between cerebrospinal fluid gusher and partial electrode insertion, fewer active electrodes and poorer sentence understanding. Optimum language outcomes were associated with younger age at implant.
Data for: Amorphous zirconium phosphate/cation-exchange membrane: an effective hybrid material for water treatment technology (2018)

Experimental procedures for determinations of water uptake, ion exchange capacity, ionic conductivity, potentiometric transport numbers and water transport numbers of ion-exchange membranes
Crystal structures of (RS)-N-[(1R,2S)-2-benzyloxy-1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide and (RS)-N-[(1S,2R)-2-benzyloxy-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)propyl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide: two related protected 1,2-amino alcohols (2014)

The title compounds, C22H31NO2S, (1), and C23H33NO2S, (2), are related protected 1,2-amino alcohols. They differ in the substituents on the benzene ring, viz. 2,6-di-methyl-phenyl in (1) and 2,4,6-tri-methyl-phenyl in (2). The plane of the phenyl ring is inclined to that of the benzene ring by 28.52 (7)° in (1) and by 44.65 (19)° in (2). In the crystal of (1), N-H⋯O=S and C-H⋯O=S hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules, forming chains along [100], while in (2), similar hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into chains along [010]. The absolute structures of both compounds were determined by resonance scattering.
Overview of Stabilizing Ligands for Biocompatible Quantum Dot Nanocrystals (2011)

Luminescent colloidal quantum dots (QDs) possess numerous advantages as fluorophores in biological applications. However, a principal challenge is how to retain the desirable optical properties of quantum dots in aqueous media while maintaining biocompatibility. Because QD photophysical properties are directly related to surface states, it is critical to control the surface chemistry that renders QDs biocompatible while maintaining electronic passivation. For more than a decade, investigators have used diverse strategies for altering the QD surface. This review summarizes the most successful approaches for preparing biocompatible QDs using various chemical ligands.
Determination of properties of wedged, nonuniformly thick, and absorbing thin films by using a new numerical method (2006)

Nonuniformity in the thickness of thin films can severely distort their transmission spectra as compared with those of flat, smooth films. Methods that extract properties such as refractive index, thickness, and extinction coefficient of such films can suffer inaccuracies when they are applied to wedged or nonuniformly thick films. To accurately extract optical properties of nonuniform films, we have developed a novel numerical method and efficient constitutive relations that can determine film properties from just the transmission spectrum for films that are locally smooth with negligible scattering loss. This optimum parameter extraction (OPE) method can accommodate films with two-dimensional thickness variation that would result in significant errors in the values of refractive index and film thickness if not considered. We show that for carefully chosen test cases and for actual pulsed-laser-deposition AlN thin films, properties such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and film thickness were very accurately determined by using our OPE method. These results are compared with previous techniques to determine the properties of thin films, and the accuracy of and applicable conditions for all these methods are discussed.
Explicit finite element analysis of web-roller interaction in web process machinery (2013)

A web can be defined as thin material manufactured and processed in continuous flexible strip form. A web is usually supported, guided and propelled by rollers. In order to make it travel through the process machine line, sufficient external machine direction force and velocity must be applied to web. The work presented here studies the mechanics and associated instabilities of webs running over the rollers which are not perfectly cylindrical in shape. Lateral and longitudinal behavior of web on concave, crown and tapered roller is studied. The exact boundary conditions are established. Several roller geometries, web materials and webline conditions are modeled using explicit finite element method for analyzing web-roller interaction. Instabilities in the form of troughs and wrinkles induced as a result of imperfection such as roller crown and taper are also studied. The simulation results are compared with available closed form solutions and experiments documented by previous researchers. A satisfactory agreement is observed for deflection, stress and overall behavior of web on such contoured (non cylindrical) rollers. This study revealed that normal entry condition is valid at the entry of web to a contoured roller. It is also found that web does not slip over its wrap on roller surface till the very exit from roller surface. These findings were then used to formulate computer code that predicts web behavior quite satisfactorily utilizing very few computational resources and time.
Molecular Dynamics of Variegated Polyamide Dendrimers (2009)

We have used molecular dynamics simulations to study the structures of a range of heterogeneously functionalized ("variegated") dendrimers and the distributions in space of their caps. By a virtual capping approach, we compare an asymmetric dendrimer (dendritic poly(L-lysine), PLL) and a symmetric polyamide (SPAM) dendrimer. SPAM is larger and more spherical than PLL, and its caps are more evenly distributed throughout the molecule. Protonation of an amine-capped dendrimer causes substantial swelling. The distribution of caps relative to each other is strongly affected by conformational change. Simulation of a SPAM framework with chemically distinct caps shows that whole-dendrimer properties are largely unaffected by the topological arrangement of the caps. Using both modeling approaches. we found that differentiation at the dendrimer's core produces strongly dipolar dendrimers, while differentiation between branches in the outermost generation produces largely nonpolar dendrimers, with a gradual transition between these extremes. The effect of variegation topology on spatial distribution of caps is modified by the interactions between the caps (particularly electrostatic interactions) and with other species in the environment.