gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Endothelial Venule Blood Vessels for Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Are Associated with Lymphotoxin β–Producing Dendritic Cells in Human Breast Cancer (2013)

Blood vessels and tumor angiogenesis are generally associated with tumor growth and poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. However, we recently discovered that some blood vessels present within the tumor microenvironment can be associated with favorable prognosis. These vessels, designated tumor high endothelial venules (HEVs), appear to facilitate tumor destruction by allowing high levels of lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms regulating HEV blood vessels in human breast cancer. We found that lymphotoxin β was overexpressed in tumors containing high densities of HEVs (HEV(high)) and correlated to DC-LAMP, a marker of mature DCs. DCs were the main producers of lymphotoxin β in freshly resected HEV(high) breast tumor samples, and the density of DC-LAMP(+) DCs clusters was strongly correlated with the density of tumor HEVs, T and B cell infiltration, and favorable clinical outcome in a retrospective cohort of 146 primary invasive breast cancer patients. Densities of tumor HEVs and DC-LAMP(+) DCs were strongly reduced during breast cancer progression from in situ carcinoma to invasive carcinoma, suggesting that loss of tumor HEVs is a critical step during breast cancer progression. Finally, an increase in the infiltration of regulatory T cells was observed in HEV(high) breast tumors, indicating that tumor HEVs can develop in the presence of regulatory T cells. Together, our results support a key role for DCs and DC-derived lymphotoxin in the formation of tumor HEVs. These findings are important because novel therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of tumor HEVs could have a major impact on clinical outcome of cancer patients.
Bacterial Density and Biofilm Structure Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography (2019)

Optical-coherence-tomography (OCT) is a non-destructive tool for biofilm imaging, not requiring staining, and used to measure biofilm thickness and putative comparison of biofilm structure based on signal intensity distributions in OCT-images. Quantitative comparison of biofilm signal intensities in OCT-images, is difficult due to the auto-scaling applied in OCT-instruments to ensure optimal quality of individual images. Here, we developed a method to eliminate the influence of auto-scaling in order to allow quantitative comparison of biofilm densities in different images. Auto- and re-scaled signal intensities could be qualitatively interpreted in line with biofilm characteristics for single and multi-species biofilms of different strains and species (cocci and rod-shaped organisms), demonstrating qualitative validity of auto- and re-scaling analyses. However, specific features of pseudomonas and oral multi-species biofilms were more prominently expressed after re-scaling. Quantitative validation was obtained by relating average auto- and re-scaled signal intensities across biofilm images with volumetric-bacterial-densities in biofilms, independently obtained using enumeration of bacterial numbers per unit biofilm volume. The signal intensities in auto-scaled biofilm images did not significantly relate with volumetric-bacterial-densities, whereas re-scaled intensities in images of biofilms of widely different strains and species increased linearly with independently determined volumetric-bacterial-densities in the biofilms. Herewith, the proposed re-scaling of signal intensity distributions in OCT-images significantly enhances the possibilities of biofilm imaging using OCT.
Prevalence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus genotypes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: A Korean multicenter study (2014)

The proportion of HPV-positive tonsillar cancer cases has increased during the last 20 years in the Republic of Korea. The presence of HPV-18 may serve as a biomarker for a poor prognosis.
Michael Addition of Hydroxylamines to Activated Double Bonds. A Convenient Synthesis of N,N-Dialkyl Hydroxylamines (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMichael Addition of Hydroxylamines to Activated Double Bonds. A Convenient Synthesis of N,N-Dialkyl HydroxylaminesA. A. R. Sayigh, Henri Ulrich, and M. GreenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 7, 2042–2043Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01030a523https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01030a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of self-assembled nanoparticle cluster array using the surface affinity difference of isotropic droplets in nematic medium (2020)

We demonstrated a novel nanoparticle (NP) self-assembly method in a liquid crystal (LC) medium by exploiting two physical phenomena: (i) surface affinity contrast of isotropic pockets in nematic phase for ITO and self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and (ii) NP solubility contrast in isotropic and nematic phase. In the former phenomenon, the higher molecular roughness of ITO surface than SAM surface induced the higher surface affinity of isotropic pockets on the ITO surface. Hence, the isotropic pockets were anchored on the ITO islands of the patterned ITO substrate, while the nematic medium remained on the other area in which SAM was created. In the latter phenomenon, the uni-directional alignment in the bulk LC of nematic phase was mismatched with the one on the NP interface while the isotropic phase did not show any mismatch between the LC alignment in bulk and at the NP interface. The alignment mismatch in nematic phase resulted in the poorer NP solubility than it in isotropic phase. Hence, this large NP solubility contrast in two phases resulted in the NPs were confined to the isotropic pockets and dragged by the phase-boundary. By combining the two phenomena, we successfully fabricated the self-assembled NP cluster array on the ITO islands of the patterned ITO substrate. Since no electric or magnetic field is used in this method, it is applicable to a wide variety of NPs including ferroelectric, ferromagnetic etc. This method can potentially be utilized for fabrication of photonic crystals.
The ‘allosteric modulator’ SCH‐202676 disrupts G protein‐coupled receptor function via sulphydryl‐sensitive mechanisms (2006)

1. Previous studies suggest that the thiadiazole compound SCH-202676 (N-(2,3-diphenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-(2H)-ylidene)methanamine) acts as an allosteric modulator of a variety of structurally distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It was postulated that SCH-202676 would directly bind a structural motif in the receptor molecule common to divergent members of the GPCR family. The molecular mechanisms of such a promiscuous action, however, remain obscure. 2. To clarify the mechanism of SCH-202676 action, we used the functional approach of [35S]GTPgammaS autoradiography with rat brain cryostat sections together with classical membrane [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays to evaluate how the thiadiazole affects G protein activity mediated by various receptors linked to the Gi-family of G proteins. 3. We found that in the absence of dithiotreitol (DTT), SCH-202676 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) elicits nonspecific effects in the [35S]GTPgammaS-based G protein activation assays, thereby severely compromising interpretations on the compounds ability to allosterically inhibit receptor-mediated G protein activity. Such a nonspecific behaviour was fully reversed upon addition of DTT (1 mM), revealing thiol-based mechanism of action. 4. In routine incubations containing DTT, SCH-202676 had no effect on receptor-driven G protein activity, as assessed for adenosine A1, alpha2-adrenergic, cannabinoid CB1, lysophosphatidic acid LPA1, muscarinic M2/M4, purinergic P2Y12 or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, suggesting that the thiadiazole does not act as an allosteric modulator of GPCR function. 5. 1H NMR analysis indicated that SCH-202676 underwent structural changes after incubation with the reducing agent DTT or with brain tissue. 6. We conclude that SCH-202676 modulates GPCRs via thiol modification rather than via true allosteric mechanisms.
The load rebalancing problem (2003)

In the classical load balancing or multiprocessor scheduling problem, we are given a sequence of jobs of varying sizes and are asked to assign each job to one of the m empty processors. A typical objective is to minimize makespan, the load on the heaviest loaded processor. Since in most real world scenarios the load is a dynamic measure, the initial assignment may be not remain optimal with time. Motivated by such considerations in a variety of systems, we formulate the problem of load rebalancing --- given a possibly suboptimal assignment of jobs to processors, relocate a set of the jobs so as to decrease the makespan. Specifically, the goal is to achieve the best possible makespan under the constraint that no more than k jobs are relocated. We also consider a generalization of this problem where there is an arbitrary cost function associated with each job relocation. Since the problem is clearly NP-hard, we focus on approximation algorithms. We construct a sophisticated algorithm which achieves a 1.5-approximation, with near linear running time. We also show that the problem has a PTAS, resolving the complexity issue. Finally, we investigate the approximability of several extensions of the rebalancing model.
ParsiNLU: A Suite of Language Understanding Challenges for Persian (2021)

Abstract Despite the progress made in recent years in addressing natural language understanding (NLU) challenges, the majority of this progress remains to be concentrated on resource-rich languages like English. This work focuses on Persian language, one of the widely spoken languages in the world, and yet there are few NLU datasets available for this language. The availability of high-quality evaluation datasets is a necessity for reliable assessment of the progress on different NLU tasks and domains. We introduce ParsiNLU, the first benchmark in Persian language that includes a range of language understanding tasks—reading comprehension, textual entailment, and so on. These datasets are collected in a multitude of ways, often involving manual annotations by native speakers. This results in over 14.5k new instances across 6 distinct NLU tasks. Additionally, we present the first results on state-of-the-art monolingual and multilingual pre-trained language models on this benchmark and compare them with human performance, which provides valuable insights into our ability to tackle natural language understanding challenges in Persian. We hope ParsiNLU fosters further research and advances in Persian language understanding.1
Review to estimate Evapotranspiration from remote sensing data: some examples from the simplified relationship to the use of mesoscale atmospheric models. (2003)

Different methods have been developed to estimate evapotranspiration from remote sensing data. Among them direct methods based upon the energy balance equation and using thermal infrared (TIR) data like the simplified relationship. This method has been applied for various situations: from small spatial scale using airborne TIR images to continental scale with NOAA data. More recently indirect estimates using assimilation procedures and Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) models have been developed. In this last case, the combination of different wavelength domains is often required so as to get input parameters of these models to characterize the different surfaces like albedo, emissivity or Leaf Area Index. A brief review of these different approaches is presented. Some examples are shown on the site of the Alpilles Reseda project, where various types of models (Sebal, Meso-NH...) were used to estimate surface fluxes from remote sensing data. The main physical bases and assumptions of these models are also discussed in this paper. Resume
Sustained Slow-Scale Oscillation in Higher Order Current-Mode Controlled Converter (2008)

DC-DC converters under current-mode control have been known to exhibit slow-scale oscillation as a result of a Hopf-type bifurcation as one or more of the parameters of the outer voltage loop are varied. In the absence of the outer voltage loop (i.e., open loop), slow-scale oscillation was generally not observed in simple low-order dc-dc converters, i.e., buck, buck-boost, and boost converters. In this paper, slow-scale bifurcation in a higher order current-mode controlled converter is studied. It has been found experimentally that, even in the absence of a closed outer voltage loop, a current-mode controlled Cuk converter can exhibit a slow-scale Hopf-type bifurcation. The phenomenon was observed in a commercial low-ripple dc-dc converter which has been designed using the Cuk converter and the LM2611 controller. Such slow-scale oscillation of the inner current loop can also be observed in full-circuit SPICE simulations. An averaged model has been developed and implemented in SPICE to find the Hopf bifurcation boundaries. With this averaged model, the Hopf bifurcation can be explained conveniently using the traditional loop gain analysis. Specifically, the extra degrees of freedom in higher order dc-dc converters have opened up a new possible mode of instability which has not been found in simple low-order dc-dc converters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Co‐Doped LiFePO4 as Cathode Material via a Hydrothermal Route for Lithium‐Ion Batteries. (2012)

Abstract Olivine LiFe 1‐x Co x PO 4 /C (x = 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0) cathode materials are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions containing LiOH, FeSO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , and ascorbic acid (autoclave, 170 °C, 10 h).
Is there a link between antimicrobial use and the prevalence of MRSA and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli on Austrian dairy farms? (2019)

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) on Austrian dairy farms, and to compare this to the level of antimicrobial use (AMU) on these farms. Methods & Materials: Farms included were participating in a larger observational study of AMU on 250 farms, quantified by Defined Daily Doses for veterinary medicine (DDDvet). Farmers were recruited using convenience sampling. Here, 50 farms (25 of the highest antimicrobial users and 25 of the lowest users) located in the Austrian federal state of Styria were included in an additional analysis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Each farm was visited once in July 2017 and the following environmental samples were collected: boot swabs from the alleyways of freestalls or the slurry passage in tie-stalls, pooled faecal samples from calf, and youngstock, pens (1–5 head per sample), and dust samples collected on dry gauze from 3-5 areas of the main cowshed. Samples were then cultured on selective media specific for MRSA or ESBL-EC detection. Results: MRSA in the dust samples was only isolated from one farm (2% of farms), whereas ESBL-producing E.coli were detected in at least one faecal sample on 13 of 50 farms (26%). The Mann-Whitney U test determined no statistically significant difference between the level of AMU (calculated as total DDDvet) on farms where ESBL-producing E.coli were detected, compared to those where all faecal samples were negative (U-score 189.0, asymptotic 2-tailed p = 0.255). Similarly, no difference was noted when the level of use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins only was compared with the presence of ESBL-producing E.coli (U-score 206.5, asymptotic 2-tailed p = 0.447). Due to the extremely low prevalence of MRSA in this farm population, statistical analyses would not be meaningful and were not done. Conclusion: MRSA was rarely detected, whereas ESBL-producing E.coli were isolated in around a quarter of 50 Austrian dairy farms. At this relatively low level of AMU in a small sample of Austrian dairy farms, no relationship between AMU and the presence of ESBL-EC could be demonstrated.
[Laitinen's stereo-adapter: application to the fractionated cerebral irradiation under stereotaxic conditions]. (1990)

Radiosurgery is a technique which provides a single high dose of radiation very precisely to an intracranial lesion. The volume of tissue treated is small enough to avoid undue biological damage. This treatment requires very sophisticated apparatus and often considerable modifications in the treatment apparatus. The authors have closen to elaborate a system which makes it possible to deliver conventional fractionated irradiation, using a non-invasive stereotactic head frame called "Laitinen stereo-adapter". By fractionating the dose, most benign or low-grade malignant brain tumours can be treated, whatever their volume. The stereo-adapter and the target localization process are described. It can be used with C.T. scanning, angiography or M.R.I. The treatment apparatus is a linear accelerator delivering a 10 M.V. photon beam and treatment is made in the precise positioning of the target localization. The geometrical accuracy of the repeated mountings was studied in a preliminary study, showing a mean discrepancy of less than 1 mm in the three space planes. The geometrical accuracy of the radiation treatment was also studied on a phantom and the precision evaluated at less than 1 mm. The addition of extra collimators with a precollimation system decreased the lateral penumbra to 2-3 mm. Careful dosimetry was performed for each collimator. The use of non-coplanar arcs makes it possible to obtain a steep dose fall off outside the target volume. The dose planning calculations were compared to photodensitometry and thermoluminescent measurements, showing a good correlation. Each technical point will be discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of a Top-of-Line Corrosion Inhibitor and a Top-of-Line Corrosion Test Method (2012)

Abstract In multiphase gas pipelines constructed from carbon steel, there is a threat to the system integrity due to top-of-line corrosion. In wet gas pipelines, produced water has a tendency to condense at the top-of-the pipeline as the temperature and pressure decreases, causing corrosion at the 12 o'clock position. This form of corrosion can be very aggressive because the pH of the water may be very low and the water might also not contain any corrosion inhibitor. Preventing top-of-line corrosion in multiphase systems with inhibitors is very challenging. Inhibitors must be transported with the gas phase, then partitioned into the condensed water when necessary and form a protective barrier on the metal surface. A further challenge is the evaluation of inhibitor efficacy in preventing top-of-line corrosion. Traditional laboratory tests (kettle tests, RCE, flow loop, etc.) are not suitable for this purpose as they are only used to determine the corrosion rate of the bulk water phase. Therefore, alternative top-of-line corrosion test methods are needed. This paper details the work performed to develop a top-of-line corrosion test method suitable for assessing inhibitor performance. Using the novel test method, several products have been developed that are effective in preventing top-of-line corrosion and their test results are provided. Furthermore, a hypothesis is proposed to explain the top-of-line corrosion inhibition mechanism.
Mobile Assembly Of Electric Vehicles: Decentralized, Low-Invest And Flexible (2017)

The growing speed of innovation in related industries requires the automotive industry to adapt and increase release frequencies of new vehicle derivatives which implies a significant reduction of investments per vehicle and ramp-up times. Emerging markets in various parts of the world augment the currently dominating established main automotive markets. Local content requirements such as import tariffs on final products impede the accessibility of these micro markets, which is why in the future market exploitation will not be driven by pure sales activities anymore but rather by setting up local assembly units. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the concept of decentralized assembly and to discuss and critically assess some currently researched and crucial approaches in production technology. In order to determine the scope in which complementary mobile assembly can be profitable for manufacturers, a general cost model is set up and each cost driver is assessed with respect to varying levels of decentralization. One main result of the paper is that the presented approaches offer huge cost-saving potentials and are thus critical for future production strategies. Nevertheless, they still need to be further exploited in order for decentralized assembly to be profitable for companies. The optimal level of decentralization must, however, be specifically determined in each case and cannot be defined in general.
Experiencing the micro-world: a cell’s perspective (2021)

This talk will introduce a novel, recently developed, instrument that combines light sheet microscopy, optical trapping and multiplane imaging in a single platform capable of imaging 3D cultures of live cell over long time courses and mapping to these images the local mechanical properties of the material surrounding the cells. The presentation will highlight the wide-range of samples this instrument can study and discuss the analysis involved to evaluate the rheological properties of the material when either the trapping potential or the samples are non-isotropic.
Compact pulsed electron beam system for microwave generation (2012)

A compact 180 kV electron beam system is designed for high power microwave generation. The electron beam system is consists of a secondary energy storage device, which can deliver energy to the load at faster rate than usual primary energy storage system such as tesla transformers or marx generator. The short duration, high voltage pulse with fast rise time and good flattop is applied to vacuum diode for high power microwave generation. The compact electron beam system is made up of single turn primary tesla transformer which charges a helical pulse forming line and transfers its energy to vacuum diode through a high voltage pressurized spark gap switch. We have used helical pulse forming line which has higher inductance as compared to coaxial pulse forming line, which in turns increases, the pulse width and reduce the length of the pulse forming line. Water dielectric medium is used because of its high dielectric constant, high dielectric strength and efficient energy storage capability. The time dependent breakdown property and high relative permittivity of water makes it an ideal choice for this system. The high voltage flat-top pulse of 90 kV, 260 ns is measured across the matched load. In this article we have reported the design details, simulation and initial experimental results of 180 kV pulsed electron beam system for high power microwave generation.