gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Behavior and Metallization of Cu-Based Electrodes Using MoNi Alloy and Multilayer Structure for Back-Channel-Etched Oxide Thin-Film Transistor Circuit Integration (2017)

Mo/Cu bilayer is the most conventional metal electrode with an excellent electrical conductivity and high environmental resistance for large-area back-channel-etch amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) circuit integration. However, the Mo/Cu bilayer is metallized with a poor etch profile in conventional weak acidic H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based etchant solution. This is attributed to the formation of Mo-related oxide residue and a high etch rate ratio between Mo and Cu, which results in short circuit and electrical degradation in the following microscale metallization and induces electrical instability on oxide TFT. We have replaced Mo with a MoNi (Mo:Ni = 1:3) alloy that has a larger galvanic potential difference in Cu-Ni (E° <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cu-Ni</sub> : 0.597 V > E° <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cu-Mo</sub> : 0.492 V) and seldom induces metal oxide residues in conventional etchants. In addition, an alternative three-electrode structure (MoNi/Cu/MoNi) was proposed to suppress Cu ionization by offering sufficient galvanic current from top and bottom MoNi layers. As a result, this MoNi/Cu/MoNi exhibits a wet-etched morphology with a rectangular profile, optimal taper angle, and less CD loss, which allows the formation of microscale metal linewidth. Furthermore, the application of MoNi/Cu/MoNi three-layer electrode in TFTs leads to more reliable electrical performance and good uniformity.
Evaluating the Influence of ipRGCs on Color Discrimination (2022)

To investigate the influence of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) on color discrimination, it is necessary to create two metameric light stimuli (metameric ipRGC stimuli) with the same amount of cone and rod stimulation, but different amounts of ipRGC stimulation. However, since the spectral sensitivity functions of cones and rods overlap with those of ipRGCs in a wavelength band, it has been difficult to independently control the amount of stimulation of ipRGCs only. In this study, we first propose a method for calculating metameric ipRGC stimulation based on the orthogonal basis functions of human photoreceptor cells. Then, we clarify the controllable range of metameric ipRGC stimulation within a color gamut. Finally, to investigate the color discrimination by metameric ipRGC stimuli, we conduct subjective evaluation experiments on 24 chromaticity coordinates using a multispectral projector. The results reveal a correlation between differences in the amount of ipRGC stimulation and differences in color appearance, indicating that ipRGCs may influence color discrimination.
Effects of Heating Time and Intermediate Heating on Sol–Gel-Processed ZrO2Thin Films (2012)

Nanoscale-thick high-k ZrO2 films were fabricated via sol–gel method and the effects of heating time and an intermediate heat treatment on the microstructure and dielectric properties were studied. One set of films was spin-coated with a thickness of ∼13 nm on Si substrates by two consecutive coating and drying sequences, followed by heating at 500 °C for 1, 5, or 10 h, while another sample was prepared by heating at 500 °C for 1 h after each drying step (intermediate heated sample). As the heating time was extended, the permittivity increased, but the leakage current property degraded. In contrast, both the permittivity and leakage current property were enhanced in the case of the intermediate heated sample. These improvements were likely due to the effective elimination of remnant organics and the development of a two-layer morphology consisting of lower amorphous and upper crystalline layers, the formation of which occurred via the minimization of surface and strain energies.
Hydrogen Sulfide Effect on Hydrogen Entry into Iron—A Mechanistic Study (1990)

The recently developed I-P-Z model is modified in order to analyze the observed enhanced permeation of hydrogen that occurs in the presence of hydrogen sulfide during cathodic hydrogen charging of iron. The modification accounts for the fact that the energy of adsorption becomes coverage dependent at the higher coverages and affects the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the presence of H2S. Charging experiments were performed on Ferrovac E–iron membranes 0.5 mm thick using a Devanathan–Stachurski cell in deaerated, pre-electrolyzed solutions made from 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.1 M NadO4 with pH values of 1 and 2. The transfer coefficient, α, exchange current density, i0, thickness-dependent absorption-adsorption rate constant, k″, recombination rate constant, k3, surface hydrogen coverage, θH, and discharge rate constant, k1o were obtained by application of the model to the experimental results. As a result, the role of H2S has been clarified. While θH is increased in the presence of H2S, the overpotential, η, is decreased consistent with an observed increase in a, and the increased H entry is found to be the result of a decreased k3 as well as the increased α. In addition, a very important relationship has been derived that will enable the calculation of the absorption, kabs, and adsorption, kads, rate constants from the electrochemical permeation results for different membrane thicknesses.
The Lorentz–Lorenz relationship in the phase diagram of triethylamine and water. Application to the coexistence curve (1990)

The refractive index (n) of the partially miscible mixture of triethylamine and water has been measured at various temperatures (T) and concentrations. The data have been fitted to an analytic function. By using existing density data, the validity of the Lorentz–Lorenz formula has been tested. The same discrepancies that are usually observed in liquids have been found (−0.4% on n, and −13% on dn/dT). No supplementary deviation has been detected in the vicinity of the critical point. These data have been used to obtain a precise determination of the coexistence curve.
Adjustable Constrained Soft‐Tissue Dynamics (2020)

Abstract Physically based simulation is often combined with geometric mesh animation to add realistic soft‐body dynamics to virtual characters. This is commonly done using constraint‐based simulation whereby a soft‐tissue simulation is constrained to geometric animation of a subpart (or otherwise proxy representation) of the character. We observe that standard constraint‐based simulation suffers from an important flaw that limits the expressiveness of soft‐body dynamics. Namely, under correct physics, the frequency and amplitude of soft‐tissue dynamics arising from constraints (“inertial amplitude”) are coupled, and cannot be adjusted independently merely by adjusting the material properties of the model. This means that the space of physically based simulations is inherently limited and cannot capture all effects typically expected by computer animators. For example, animators need the ability to adjust the frequency, inertial amplitude, gravity sag and damping properties of the virtual character, independently from each other, as these are the primary visual characteristics of the soft‐tissue dynamics. We demonstrate that independence can be achieved by transforming the equations of motion into a non‐inertial reference coordinate frame, then scaling the resulting inertial forces, and then converting the equations of motion back to the inertial frame. Such scaling of inertia makes it possible for the animator to set the character's inertial amplitude independently from frequency. We also provide exact controls for the amount of character's gravity sag, and the damping properties. In our examples, we use linear blend skinning and pose‐space deformation for geometric mesh animation, and the Finite Element Method for soft‐body constrained simulation; but our idea of scaling inertial forces is general and applicable to other animation and simulation methods. We demonstrate our technique on several character examples.
Genetic factors in the population of Plati, Greece (1983)

One-thousand, thirty-eight individuals from Plati, Greece were examined for the following red cell antigens, serum proteins, and red cell enzymes A A1 Ai B H; MNSs Mg Henshaw Nya Mur Vw; CCwcDEeCe; K k Kpa Kpb Jsa Jsb; P1; Lua; Fy1 Fy2; Jka Jkb; Wra; Zt; Vel; Swa; Jensen, Radin, Gerbich, Diego, Gregory, Haptoglobin, Transferrin, Acid phosphatase, Adenylate kinase, Adenosine deaminase, Esterase-D, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Phosphoglucomutase, 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Phosphohexose isomerase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase, and Superoxide dismutase. The results are discussed in detail and compared with other Greek and neighbouring populations. Because of the Plati population's long history of residence in the Cappadocian area of Turkey the data have been compared, whenever possible, with results for that region.
Characterization and Physical Mapping of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus DNA and Location of a Sequence Capable of Encoding a Conserved Domain of Epidermal Growth Factor (1987)

DNA from Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) isolates was analysed by restriction endonuclease cleavage, revealing two virus subtypes. Physical maps of cleavage sites for BamHI, ClaI and HindIII were constructed, and found to differ extensively between the two subtypes. MCV DNA was similar to Orthopoxvirus DNA with respect to size, terminal cross-linking and the presence of inverted terminal repetitions, but did not hybridize with vaccinia virus DNA. The genomes of the two MCV subtypes cross-hybridized and were colinear except for two small regions. There was sequence homology between DNA from corresponding map regions of the MCV subtypes but, in contrast to Orthopoxvirus DNA, no conservation of restriction sites. A synthetic oligonucleotide probe representing a conserved domain of epidermal growth factor, alpha-transforming growth factor and the vaccinia growth factor identified equivalent regions of both MCV genomes as having the potential to encode this domain. This locus is similar to the position of the vaccinia growth factor gene in vaccinia virus DNA. Thus MCV may induce epidermal cell proliferation and tumourigenesis by expression of an epidermal growth factor-like polypeptide.
Four new species of Helina from Sichuan, China(Diptera: Muscidae) (2003)

This paper describes four new species of Helian R-D., 1830 from mountainous region of Western Sichuan Prov. during 1982-1988, i. e. Helina jubidorsa sp.nov., Helina hanyuanna sp. nov., Helina mimevecta sp. nov., Helina aestiva sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited in the Medical Entomological Collection, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China. 1. Helina jubidorsa sp. nov.(Fig.1) Male: Body length 9.0 mm. This new species is closely related to Helina bibreviplumosa Xue et Feng, 1988, but differs from the latter in: scutum on inner lateral-stripe reaching scutellar sulcus; 5th tergite with densely of strong bristles on dorsal surface; male surstyli on apical part backward carved distinctly in lateral view; cerci on middle part of posterior margin concave in lateral view. Female: Unknown. Holotype ♂, Mt. Erlang(Ganhaizi, 2790 m; 29°54′N, 102°09′E),Sichuan Province, China 24, Ⅵ, 1982. coll. Qiao Xueron. 2. Helina hanyuanna sp. nov.(Fig.2) Male: Body length 8.0 mm. This new species is closely related to Helina subhirsutitibia Wu, 1989, but differs from the latter in: arista short-plumose; epistoma not projection; male cerci on apical-margin with outer-projection in posterior view, that not triangle form in appearance in lateral view. Female: Unknown. Holotype ♂,Hanyuan(Mt. Tuanbao, 2400 m; 29°23′N,102°52′E), Sichuan Province., China. 10, Vll,1988. coll. by Feng Lifu. 3. Helina mimevecta sp. nov.(Fig.3) Male: Body length 8.5 mm; body and legs black. This new species is closely related to Helina evecta (Harris, 1780), but differs from the latter in: hind femur without pv bristle;hind tibia with ad 7-8, p 15; male cerci as long as surstyli,that on middle part of posterior margin concaved in lateral view. Female: Unknown. Holotype ♂, Mt. Erlang(Yakou, 3000 m; 29°52′N,102°10′E), Sichuan Province, 22, Vlll, 1983. coll. by Feng Yan. 4 Helina aestiva sp. nov.(Fig.4) Male: Body length 6.5 mm; body and legs black. This new species is closely related to Helina nudifemorata Hennig, 1952, but differs from the latter in: frons as 2.0 times broad as frontal ocellus; 5th tergite dark in wholly; hind tibia on subbasal part without a pd ; male cerci with outer projection on apical part as 1/10 long as cerci. Female Unknown. Holotype ♂, Mt. Erlang(Tuanniuping, 2400 m; 29°52′N,102°11′E), Sichuan Province, China. 10, Ⅵ, 1984. Coll. by Yang Shibin.
Toward economical application of carbon capture and utilization technology with near-zero carbon emission (2022)

Carbon capture and utilization technology has been studied for its practical ability to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and enable economical chemical production. The main challenge of this technology is that a large amount of thermal energy must be provided to supply high-purity CO<sub>2</sub> and purify the product. Herein, we propose a new concept called reaction swing absorption, which produces synthesis gas (syngas) with net-zero CO<sub>2</sub> emission through direct electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in a newly proposed amine solution, triethylamine. Experimental investigations show high CO<sub>2</sub> absorption rates (>84%) of triethylamine from low CO<sub>2</sub> concentrated flue gas. In addition, the CO Faradaic efficiency in a triethylamine supplied membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer is approximately 30% (@-200 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>), twice higher than those in conventional alkanolamine solvents. Based on the experimental results and rigorous process modeling, we reveal that reaction swing absorption produces high pressure syngas at a reasonable cost with negligible CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. This system provides a fundamental solution for the CO<sub>2</sub> crossover and low system stability of electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.
Effects of back-gate bias on switched-capacitor DC-DC converters in UTBB FD-SOI (2014)

This paper explores the effects of back-gate bias on switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters in 28 nm UTBB FD-SOI. By using back-gate bias to optimize the control circuitry and switches, the SC converter can operate with a peak efficiency of 72% in sleep mode (100 nW load) and 83% in active mode (100 μW load).
ChemInform Abstract: A COMPARISON OF ALKYL AND NITROSYL COORDINATION IN THE 18‐ELECTRON COMPLEX ALLYLNITROSYLBIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM AND ITS CARBON MONOXIDE ADDUCT (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Ru‐Komplexes (I) mit Tetraallylzinn(II) liefert‐ das kristalline, luftstabile Produkt (III).
Natural Products from Plants and Algae for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review (2022)

Neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and the most frequent, Alzheimer's disease (AD), represent one of the most urgent medical needs worldwide. Despite a significantly developed understanding of disease development and pathology, treatments that stop AD progression are not yet available. The recent approval of sodium oligomannate (GV-971) for AD treatment in China emphasized the potential value of natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Many current clinical studies include the administration of a natural compound as a single and combination treatment. The most prominent mechanisms of action are anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, thus preserving cellular survival. Here, we review current natural products that are either approved or are in testing for a treatment of neurodegeneration in AD. In addition to the most important compounds of plant origin, we also put special emphasis on compounds from algae, given their neuroprotective activity and their underlying mechanisms of neuroprotection.
Characterization of SB‐269970‐A, a selective 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist (2000)

The novel 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist, SB-269970-A, potently displaced [(3)H]-5-CT from human 5-HT(7(a)) (pK(i) 8.9+/-0.1) and 5-HT(7) receptors in guinea-pig cortex (pK(i) 8.3+/-0.2). 5-CT stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in 5-HT(7(a))/HEK293 membranes (pEC(50) 7.5+/-0.1) and SB-269970-A (0.03 - 1 microM) inhibited the 5-CT concentration-response with no significant alteration in the maximal response. The pA(2) (8.5+/-0.2) for SB-269970-A agreed well with the pK(i) determined from [(3)H]-5-CT binding studies. 5-CT-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in guinea-pig hippocampal membranes (pEC(50) of 8.4+/-0.2) was inhibited by SB-269970-A (0.3 microM) with a pK(B) (8.3+/-0.1) in good agreement with its antagonist potency at the human cloned 5-HT(7(a)) receptor and its binding affinity at guinea-pig cortical membranes. 5-HT(7) receptor mRNA was highly expressed in human hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus and testis. SB-269970-A was CNS penetrant (steady-state brain : blood ratio of ca. 0.83 : 1 in rats) but was rapidly cleared from the blood (CLb=ca. 140 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). Following a single dose (3 mg kg(-1)) SB-269970 was detectable in rat brain at 30 (87 nM) and 60 min (58 nM). In guinea-pigs, brain levels averaged 31 and 51 nM respectively at 30 and 60 min after dosing, although the compound was undetectable in one of the three animals tested. 5-CT (0.3 mg kg(-1) i.p.) induced hypothermia in guinea-pigs was blocked by SB-269970-A (ED(50) 2.96 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and the non-selective 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist metergoline (0.3 - 3 mg kg(-1) s.c.), suggesting a role for 5-HT(7) receptor stimulation in 5-CT induced hypothermia in guinea-pigs. SB-269970-A (30 mg kg(-1)) administered at the start of the sleep period, significantly reduced time spent in Paradoxical Sleep (PS) during the first 3 h of EEG recording in conscious rats.
Coreximine and Related Compounds. I. : A Synthesis of O-Demethylcoreximine under Eschweiler-Clarke's Conditions : Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CLXII. (1967)

7-Benzyloxy-1-(3, 4-bisbenzyloxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (XIV) was submitted to the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction in 98% formic acid and 37% formaldehyde solution, and 7-benzyloxy-1-(3, 4-bisbenzyloxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (XV) was obtained in 5.9% yield, with trans-2, 10, 11-trisbenzyloxy-3-methoxy-5, 6, 13, 13a-tetrahydro-8H-dibenzo-[a, g] quinolizine (XVI) in 80.4% yield. XVI was also obtained in 83.1% yield by refluxing XIV in a mixture of acetic acid and 37% formaldehyde solution, and dehydrogenation of XVI with mercuric acetate gave a quarternary ammonium salt (XIX). Debenzylation of XVI in ethanolic hydrochloric acid gave (±)-O-demethylcoreximine (XVII) whose methylation with diazomethane gave (±)-norcoralydine (XVIII), which was identified with an authentic sample through admixture, infrared spectra, and by thinlayer chromatography.
Keyhole laser spot welding (2002)

Physical mechanisms and quality criteria of keyhole laser spot welding partially differ from continuous laser welding, demanding separate investigations. A survey on progress in laser spot welding will be given, encompassing first welds with a ruby laser in the early sixties, various industrial applications, and high speed X-ray imaging of the keyhole and mathematical modeling nowadays. Numerous experimental investigations focus on parameter optimization of the pulsed laser beam in order to obtain a proper weld geometry. Besides, fundamental experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to improve understanding of the complex physical process behavior of weld defects like pore formation, cracks, spatter and undercut. To control and prevent the above defects different strategies have been studied like pulse shaping or welding in the absence of ambient pressure or gravity, respectively. Recently X-ray observation of the keyhole collapse in liquid Zn accompanied by transient modeling revealed some fundamentals of pore formation.
The Phase of Ongoing EEG Oscillations Predicts Visual Perception (2009)

Oscillations are ubiquitous in electrical recordings of brain activity. While the amplitude of ongoing oscillatory activity is known to correlate with various aspects of perception, the influence of oscillatory phase on perception remains unknown. In particular, since phase varies on a much faster timescale than the more sluggish amplitude fluctuations, phase effects could reveal the fine-grained neural mechanisms underlying perception. We presented brief flashes of light at the individual luminance threshold while EEG was recorded. Although the stimulus on each trial was identical, subjects detected approximately half of the flashes (hits) and entirely missed the other half (misses). Phase distributions across trials were compared between hits and misses. We found that shortly before stimulus onset, each of the two distributions exhibited significant phase concentration, but at different phase angles. This effect was strongest in the theta and alpha frequency bands. In this time-frequency range, oscillatory phase accounted for at least 16% of variability in detection performance and allowed the prediction of performance on the single-trial level. This finding indicates that the visual detection threshold fluctuates over time along with the phase of ongoing EEG activity. The results support the notion that ongoing oscillations shape our perception, possibly by providing a temporal reference frame for neural codes that rely on precise spike timing.
Specificity testing by point prevalence as a simple assessment strategy using the Roche Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (2021)

The anonymized use of residual material enables quick evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, as shown in this work with the Roche Elecsys assay. Comparison of the control population with economic data makes it possible to validate the sampling set and therefore to determine diagnostic specificity. By use of the approach chosen, it was shown that the Roche test achieved very good results in terms of diagnostic specificity, reproducibility, and limit of detection.
A direct synthesis of 5-fluorocytosine and its nucleosides using trifluoromethyl hypofluorite (1972)

Reaction of the cytosine ring system with trifluoromethyl hypofluorite followed by decomposition of the resulting adduct gives the first direct synthesis of 5-fluorocytosine and selected 5-fluorocytosine nucleosides in good yields.