gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mini, micro, and high-efficiency torches for the ICP (Inductively-Coupled Plasma): Toys or tools? (1984)

Abstract : Because the inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) is expensive both to purchase and to continue in operation, many workers have sought to reduce both the radiofrequency power and coolant argon ordinarily required to sustain the discharge. In one approach, the ICP has been reduced in size, in the hope that its analytical strengths could be retained but the power and argon required for it reduced. In the second approach, the torch used to support the discharge has been modified extensively. The final and most recent approach utilizes alternative torch cooling schemes using, for example, water of high air flows as a coolant. In this paper, these alternative approaches will be reviewed and assessed in terms of their practicability and analytical capability. Prospects for future torch modifications and low-flow, low-power ICP instrumentation will be considered and discussed. (Author)
Machine learning for multidimensional response and survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy using features from cardiac magnetic resonance (2022)

Machine learning characterizes distinct CRT response clusters influenced by CMR features, kidney function, and other factors. These clusters have a strong and additive influence on long-term survival relative to baseline features.
A cyber-space creation by mixing ray space data with geometric models (1998)

This paper presents a method for constructing a cyber-space with a high degree of reality by integrating the generation of images with an arbitrary viewpoint from the actually taken image, with the computer graphics (CG) techniques based on the geometric model. There are intensive studies of image-based rendering, which reproduces space based on actually taken images. This paper presents a new method that combines such a method and an existing geometric model, while maintaining the features of those techniques. In this paper, the ray space is used for the image-based rendering, and efforts are made to define the base plane so that the entire surroundings of the object can be observed. In order to represent the space with the mixed ray-space data and the geometric model, the same data structure as used in VRML is employed. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 29(9): 21–31, 1998
Locally Delivered Doxycycline as an Adjunctive Therapy to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Smokers: A 2‐Year Follow‐Up (2006)

The use of locally delivered doxycycline may constitute an important adjunct for the active and supportive treatments of severe periodontal disease in smokers.
Protein kinase C regulates ezrin–radixin–moesin phosphorylation in canine osteosarcoma cells (2010)

The development of metastasis is the most significant cause of death for both canine and human patients with osteosarcoma (OS). Ezrin has been associated with tumour progression and metastasis in human, canine and murine OS. Ezrin activation is dynamically regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) during metastatic progression in human and murine OS. To include the dog in the development of therapeutics that target ezrin biology, we characterized four new canine OS cell lines and confirmed the relationship between PKC and ezrin in these cells. Three of four cell lines formed tumours in mice that were histologically consistent with OS. All cell lines were markedly aneuploid and expressed ezrin and PKC. Finally, both ezrin phosphorylation and cell migration were inhibited using a PKC inhibitor. These data suggest that an association between PKC-mediated activation of ezrin and the metastatic phenotype in canine OS cells.
Correction to: Clinical symptoms of androgen deficiency in men with migraine or cluster headache: a cross-sectional cohort study (2021)

1. The corresponding author should be Gisela M.
Proteomics Analyses of Bacillus subtilis after Treatment with Plumbagin, a Plant-Derived Naphthoquinone (2015)

Infectious diseases and increasing antibiotic resistance among diverse classes of microbes are global health concerns and a prime focus of omics systems science applications in novel drug discovery. Plumbagin is a plant-derived naphthoquinone, a natural product that exhibits antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of plumbagin against Bacillus subtilis using two complementary proteomics techniques: two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Comparative quantitative proteomics analysis of plumbagin treated and untreated control samples identified differential expression of 230 proteins (1% FDR, 1.5 fold-change and ≥2 peptides) in B. subtilis after plumbagin treatment. Pathway analysis involving the differentially expressed proteins suggested that plumbagin effectively increases heme and protein biosynthesis, whereas fatty acid synthesis was significantly reduced. Gene expression and metabolic activity assays further corroborated the proteomics findings. We anticipate that plumbagin blocks the cell division by altering the membrane permeability required for energy generation. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, offering new insights, at proteome level, for the putative mode(s) of action of plumbagin and attendant cellular targets in B. subtilis. The findings also suggest new ways forward for the modern omics-guided drug target discovery, building on traditional plant medicine.
The propagation of binding interactions to remote sites in proteins: Analysis of the binding of the monoclonal antibody D1.3 to lysozyme (1999)

The interaction of a ligand with a protein occurs at a local site (the binding site) and involves only a few residues; however, the effects of that interaction are often propagated to remote locations. The chain of events initiated by binding provides the basis for fundamental biological phenomena such as allosterism, signal transduction, and structural-stability modification. In this paper, a structure-based statistical thermodynamic approach is presented and used to predict the propagation of the stabilization effects triggered by the binding of the monoclonal antibody D1.3 to hen egg white lysozyme. Previously, Williams et al. [Williams, D. C., Benjamin, D. C., Poljak, R. J. & Rule, G. S. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 257, 866-876] showed that the binding of this antibody affects the stability of hen egg white lysozyme and that the binding effects propagate to a selected number of residues at remote locations from the binding epitope. In this paper, we show that this phenomenon can be predicted from structure. The formalism presented here permits the identification of the structural path followed by cooperative interactions that originate at the binding site. It is shown that an important condition for the propagation of binding effects to distal regions is the presence of a significant fraction of residues with low structural stability in the uncomplexed binding site. A survey of protein structures indicates that many binding sites have a dual character and are defined by regions of high and low structural stabilities. The low-stability regions might be involved in the transmission of binding information to other regions in the protein.
Acute Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Prevents H2O2-Induced Premature Senescence in Primary Human Keratinocytes (2012)

We investigated the effects of AMPK on H(2)O(2)-induced premature senescence in primary human keratinocytes. Incubation with 50 µM H(2)O(2) for 2 h resulted in premature senescence with characteristic increases in senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-gal) staining 3 days later and no changes in AMPK or p38 MAPK activity. The increase in SA-gal staining was preceded by increases in both p53 phosphorylation (S15) (1 h) and transactivation (6 h) and the abundance of the cyclin inhibitor p21(CIP1) (16 h). Incubation with AICAR or resveratrol, both of which activated AMPK, prevented the H(2)O(2)-induced increases in both SA-Gal staining and p21 abundance. In addition, AICAR diminished the increase in p53 transactivation. The decreases in SA-Gal expression induced by resveratrol and AICAR were prevented by the pharmacological AMPK inhibitor Compound C, expression of a DN-AMPK or AMPK knock-down with shRNA. Likewise, both knockdown of AMPK and expression of DN-AMPK were sufficient to induce senescence, even in the absence of exogenous H(2)O(2). As reported by others, we found that AMPK activation by itself increased p53 phosphorylation at S15 in embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), whereas under the same conditions it decreased p53 phosphorylation in the keratinocytes, human aortic endothelial cells, and human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In conclusion, the results indicate that H(2)O(2) at low concentrations causes premature senescence in human keratinocytes by activating p53-p21(CIP1) signaling and that these effects can be prevented by acute AMPK activation and enhanced by AMPK downregulation. They also suggest that this action of AMPK may be cell or context-specific.
Experimental Results with Fuel Cell Start-up and Shut-down. Impact of Type of Carbon for Cathode Catalyst Support (2015)

Separate testing protocols for fuel cell startups and shutdowns were developed to distinguish between their effects on reverse currents and CO 2 evolution. The internal currents and the local potentials were measured with different membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs): we examined the influence of the type of carbon for cathode catalyst support as well as the mitigating effect of low anode Pt loading. Significant differences were observed and the experiments also confirmed previous results that the evolved CO 2 accounts for less than 25% of the total exchanged charge.
Relationship between hyperglycaemia and aerobic power in men with newly diagnosed type 2 (non insulin‐dependent) diabetes (1992)

The aim of the study described here was to evaluate aerobic function during exercise and its determinants in middle-aged men with newly diagnosed Type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes. Using breath-by-breath technique, we measured O2 uptake at anaerobic (ventilatory) threshold and at peak exercise in a group of diabetic men (n = 19; fasting blood glucose 8.6 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1, mean +/- SEM) without any disease or medication that could have had an influence on exercise performance, and compared the results to those observed in non-diabetic healthy control men (n = 18). There were no differences in physical activity or smoking habits between the groups. Oxygen uptake was lower in the diabetic men than in the control men both at anaerobic threshold (15.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 18.8 +/- 1.0 ml min-1 kg-1, P < 0.01) and at peak exercise (25.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 31.1 +/- 1.4 ml min-1 kg-1, P < 0.01). In the diabetic men peak O2 uptake showed an inverse linear correlation with age (r = -0.71, P < or = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (r = -0.49, P < 0.05) and glucose response in an oral glucose tolerance test (r = -0.43, P < 0.05). In addition, long-term smoking was associated with impaired peak O2 uptake. In a stepwise multiple regression procedure 75% of the total variance of peak O2 uptake in the diabetic men was explained by age, post-load blood glucose response and smoking history. Thus, in addition to ageing and smoking, hyperglycaemia is correlated with impaired aerobic power in men with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Significance of Sterol Structural Specificity (2005)

Desmosterol is an immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of sterol synthesis and an abundant membrane lipid in specific cell types. The significance of the difference between the two sterols, an additional double bond at position C24 in the tail of desmosterol, is not known. Here, we provide evidence that the biophysical and functional characteristics of the two sterols differ and that this is because the double bond at C24 significantly weakens the sterol ordering potential. In model membranes, desmosterol was significantly weaker than cholesterol in promoting the formation or stability of ordered domains, and in mammalian cell membranes, desmosterol associated less avidly than cholesterol with detergent-resistant membranes. Atomic scale molecular dynamics simulations showed that the double bond gives rise to additional stress in the tail, creating a rigid structure between C24 and C27 and favoring tilting of desmosterol distinct from cholesterol. Functional effects of desmosterol in cell membranes were assessed upon acutely exchanging approximately 70% of cholesterol to desmosterol. This led to impaired raft-dependent signaling via the insulin receptor, whereas non-raft-dependent protein secretion was not affected. We suggest that the choice of cholesterol synthesis route may provide a physiological mechanism to modulate raft-dependent functions in cells.
New Short-Lived Americium Beta Emitters (1967)

We have chemically separated $^{247}\mathrm{Am}$ from the products of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle bombardment of $^{244}\mathrm{Pu}$. Gamma transitions of 226 and 285 keV are associated with its decay. The intensities of the $K$ and $L$ conversion electrons from the 226-keV transition are most consistent with $M2$ multipolarity. We have found evidence in the americium fraction from both $^{3}\mathrm{He}$- and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle bombardments of $^{244}\mathrm{Pu}$ for 153-, 205, and possibly 99- and 555-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and believe that these transitions follow $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of a high-spin $^{246}\mathrm{Am}$ isomer.
Synthesis of Thiolactomycin (2007)

Thiolactomycin is a thiotetronic acid antibiotic produced by a Nocardia actinomycete. A synthesis of thiolactomycin and analogues is reported which features an anti-selective SN2′ reaction of a vinyl epoxide with a thiocarboxy­late nucleophile.
[Expression of NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and autologous humoral responses induced thereby]. (2004)

NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 mRNA is expressed in a high frequency in HCC tissue samples, and induces autologous humoral responses in HCC patients. Both of the antigens can be considered as candidates for HCC vaccines.
Point-of-Care Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis in Rural Senegal (2013)

We identified DNA from at least one pathogenic bacterium in 80/440 (18.2%) of the samples from febrile patients. B. crocidurae was identified in 35 cases (9.5%), and R. felis DNA was found in 30 cases (6.8%). The DNA of Bartonella spp. was identified in 23/440 cases (4.3%), and DNA of C. burnetii was identified in 2 cases (0.5%). T. whipplei (0.2%) was diagnosed in one patient. No DNA of R. africae or R. conorii was identified. Among the 7 patients co-infected by two different bacteria, we found R. felis and B. crocidurae in 4 cases, B. crocidurae and Bartonella spp. in 2 cases, and B. crocidurae and C. burnetii in 1 case. Malaria was diagnosed in 54 cases. In total, at least one pathogen (bacterium or protozoa) was identified in 127/440 (28.9%) of studied samples. Here, the authors report the proof of concept of POC in rural tropical Africa. Discovering that 18.2% of acute infections can be successfully treated with doxycycline should change the treatment strategy for acute fevers in West Africa.
Expression of caspase-14 reduces tumorigenicity of skin cancer cells. (2007)

Pending future studies, caspase-14 could be used as a novel approach to skin cancer therapy via gene delivery systems.
Structural modeling for simulation of power electronic systems (2002)

Power electronic systems are described by nonlinear differential equations, typically of high order. Simulation of such systems increasingly requires the high speeds available only on multiprocessor computing systems. However, the traditional methods for partitioning the system are rather inconvenient, primarily because of the additional burden created by the current operation associated with distributed systems. The concepts and methods of structural modeling provide a way to overcome this difficulty. The essence of structural modeling is the assignment of some specific computing resource to each object of the simulated physical system. The simulation of each object then operates as a formal independent procedure, and interactions between objects are implemented on a data link level. This allows parallel execution of the separate procedures on the allocated multiprocessor computing hardware. This provides two advantages: (1) a decrease in simulation time, and (2) simplification of the programming process.
Zero-velocity atom interferometry using a retroreflected frequency-chirped laser (2019)

Atom interferometry using stimulated Raman transitions in a retroreflected configuration is the first choice in high-precision measurements because it provides low phase noise, a high-quality Raman wave front, and a simple experimental setup. However, it cannot be used for atoms at zero velocity because two pairs of Raman lasers are simultaneously resonant. Here we report a method which allows this degeneracy to be lifted by using a frequency chirp on the Raman lasers. Using this technique, we realize a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer hybridized with a force balanced accelerometer which provides horizontal acceleration measurements with a short-term sensitivity of $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. This technique could be used for multiaxis inertial sensors, tiltmeters, or atom interferometry in a microgravity environment.
Serotype Antigens of Neisseria meningitidis and a Proposed Scbemefor Designation of Serotypes (1985)

Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B and C were originally subdivided into serotypes by the use of two different classification systems based upon type-specific bactericidal antibodies and immunoprecipitation in agar gels, respectively. The serotype specificities were later found to be associated with different major outer membrane proteins and with the lipopolysaccharide. Physiochemical characterization of the four to five major outer membrane proteins has resulted in designation of classes 1-5 on the basis of peptide mapping. The class 2 (41,000-dalton) or class 3 (38,000-dalton) protein is present in all meningococcal strains. They both are predominant proteins, show a useful degree of antigenic variation, and are epidemiologically relevant. A new serotyping nomenclature and scheme based on these two proteins and the lipopolysaccharide is therefore proposed. With use of this scheme, a meningococcal strain could be identified by serogroup to protein-serotype to lipopolysaccharide serotype, as in B:2a:L3. The class 1 (46,000-dalton) protein can be used to further define a meningococcal strain, as in B:2a:P1.2:L3.
Ring-locking enables selective anhydrosugar synthesis from carbohydrate pyrolysis (2016)

The nonselective nature of glucose pyrolysis chemistry can be controlled by preventing the sugar ring from opening and fragmenting.
High throughput cell nanomechanics with mechanical imaging interferometry (2008)

The dynamic nanomechanical properties of a large number of cells (up to hundreds), measured in parallel with high throughput, are reported. Using NIH 3T3 and HEK 293T fibroblasts and actin depolymerizing drugs, we use a novel nanotechnology to quantify the local viscoelastic properties with applied forces of 20 pN-20 nN, a spatial resolution of <20 nm, and a mechanical dynamic range of several Pa up to ~200 kPa. Our approach utilizes imaging interferometry in combination with reflective, magnetic probes attached to cells. These results indicate that mechanical imaging interferometry is a sensitive and scalable technology for measuring the nanomechanical properties of large arrays of live cells in fluid.
Fast dissolving oral films technology: A recent trend for an innovative oral drug delivery system (2015)

Over the past few decades, there has been increased interest for innovative drug delivery system to improve the safety, efficacy and patient compliance, thereby increasing the product patent life cycle. In  the  recent  years,  many of  the  pharmaceutical  groups  are  focusing  their  research  on  rapid dissolving  technology. Fast dissolving oral films are the most advanced form of oral solid dosage form due to more flexibility and comfort. It improve the efficacy of APIs by dissolving within minute in oral cavity after the contact with less saliva as compared to fast dissolving tablets, without chewing and no need of water for administration. These films have a potential to deliver the drug systemically through intra-gastric, sublingual or buccal route of administration and also has been used for local action. This type of technology offer a convenient way of dosing medication, not to special population groups like pediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients, mentally ill patients, but also to the general population. Fast dissolving oral films are found to be satisfactory in many situations like allergic conditions, cold and cough, sore throat, nausea, pain, mouth ulcers, CNS disorders and CVS disorders. Oral film includes various ingredients for its formulation which includes polymers, active pharmaceutical ingredient, film stabilizing agents, plasticizers, sweeteners, flavours, colors, saliva stimulating agents, surfactants etc. The present review reflects  information regarding  formulation  ingredients,  technologies  and  evaluation  tests  employed  in  the  preparation  of  fast dissolving oral films. However, for future growth point of view the fast dissolving oral films sector is well-positioned. It seems that the value of the overall oral thin films market will grow significantly.
Quantitative Assessment of Contamination of Fresh Food Produce of Various Retail Types by Human-Virulent Microsporidian Spores (2007)

This study demonstrated that fresh food produce, such as berries, sprouts, and green-leafed vegetables, sold at the retail level can contain potentially viable microsporidian spores of human-virulent species, such as Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, at quantities representing a threat of food-borne infection.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of new X-ray-sensitive hamster cell mutants defective in Ku80 (1998)

Ku, a heterodimer of approximately 70 and approximately 80 kDa subunits, is a nuclear protein that binds to double-stranded DNA ends and is a component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Cell lines defective in Ku80 belong to group XRCC5 of ionizing radiation-sensitive mutants. Five new independent Chinese hamster cell mutants, XR-V10B, XR-V11B, XR-V12B, XR-V13B and XR-V16B, that belong to this group were isolated. To shed light on the nature of the defect in Ku80, the molecular and biochemical characteristics of these mutants were examined. All mutants, except XR-V12B, express Ku80 mRNA, but no Ku80 protein could clearly be detected by immunoblot analysis in any of them. DNA sequence analysis of the Ku80 cDNA from these mutants showed a deletion of 252 bp in XR-V10B; a 6 bp deletion that results in a new amino acid residue at position 107 and the loss of two amino acid residues at positions 108 and 109 in XR-V11B; a missense mutation resulting in a substitution of Cys for Tyr at position 114 in XR-V13B; and two missense mutations in XR-V16B, resulting in a substitution of Met for Val at position 331 and Arg for Gly at position 354. All these mutations cause a similar, 5-7-fold, increase in X-ray sensitivity in comparison to wild-type cells, and a complete lack of DNA-end binding and DNA-PK activities. This indicates that all these mutations lead to loss of the Ku80 function due to instability of the defective protein.