gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Corrosion Behavior of New Titanium Based Metal Ceramic Composites in Corrosive I.C. Engine Fluids (1999)

The corrosion performance of a new titanium-based metal ceramic composite (TiCAD) in HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 and in Neutral Chloride Solution, was evaluated to determine its suitability for internal combustion engines, pump valves and bodies. Silicon combines outstanding properties of both metallic and ceramic constituents in TiCAD composite, and allows its consideration as a perspective material for thermally stressed I.C. engine parts. New methods ofthermo-mechanical treatment need to be explored to improve the corrosion resistance of TiCAD composite to fully explore the advantages offered by its outstanding physical and mechanical properties.
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Vascular Inflammation (2018)

Less than 2% of the genome encodes for proteins. Accumulating studies have revealed a diverse set of RNAs derived from the non-coding genome. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have garnered widespread attention over recent years as emerging regulators of diverse biological processes including in cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, our knowledge of their mechanisms by which they control CVD-related gene expression and cell signaling pathways is still limited. Furthermore, only a handful of lncRNAs has been functionally evaluated in the context of vascular inflammation, an important process that underlies both acute and chronic disease states. Because some lncRNAs may be expressed in cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns, these non-coding RNAs hold great promise as novel biomarkers and as therapeutic targets in health and disease. Herein, we review those lncRNAs implicated in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes of acute and chronic vascular inflammation. An improved understanding of lncRNAs in vascular inflammation may provide new pathophysiological insights in CVD and opportunities for the generation of a new class of RNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Convergence of a non-stiff boundary integral method for interfacial flows with surface tension (1998)

Boundary integral methods to simulate interfacial flows are very sensitive to numerical instabilities. In addition, surface tension introduces nonlinear terms with high order spatial derivatives into the interface dynamics. This makes the spatial discretization even more difficult and, at the same time, imposes a severe time step constraint for stable explicit time integration methods. A proof of the convergence of a reformulated boundary integral method for two-density fluid interfaces with surface tension is presented. The method is based on a scheme introduced by Hou, Lowengrub and Shelley [ J. Comp. Phys. 114 (1994), pp. 312–338] to remove the high order stability constraint or stiffness. Some numerical filtering is applied carefully at certain places in the discretization to guarantee stability. The key of the proof is to identify the most singular terms of the method and to show, through energy estimates, that these terms balance one another. The analysis is at a time continuous-space discrete level but a fully discrete case for a simple Hele-Shaw interface is also studied. The time discrete analysis shows that the high order stiffness is removed and also provides an estimate of how the CFL constraint depends on the curvature and regularity of the solution. The robustness of the method is illustrated with several numerical examples. A numerical simulation of an unstably stratified two-density interfacial flow shows the roll-up of the interface; the computations proceed up to a time where the interface is about to pinch off and trapped bubbles of fluid are formed. The method remains stable even in the full nonlinear regime of motion. Another application of the method shows the process of drop formation in a falling single fluid.
Microwave-Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Variously Functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones (2020)

[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones with varied functionalization patterns were synthesized in a regioselective manner by reacting 2-thioxo-2,3- dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (2) with variously functionalized hydrazonoyl chlorides (3ah). Linear regioselectivity of the formed products was confirmed by X-ray measurements. Under microwave conditions, the reactions were completed in a few minutes without a change in the regioselectivity.
Operative Pediatric Orthopaedics (1991)

Special techniques congenital anomalies of the lower and upper extremities congenital limb deficiency and limb length discrepancy congenital anomalies of the hand skeletal and genetic dysplasias developmental problems in the lower extremity metabolic and endocrine disorders haematologic diseases cervical spine anomalies the paediatric spine cerebral palsy myelomeningocele neuromuscular disorders osteochondroses sports medicine fractures and dislocations rheumatologic diseases bone and joint infections musculoskeletal tumours. (Part contents).
Effects of secondary electron scattering on secondary emission yield curves (1973)

The power-law and constant-loss theories of secondary electron emission have been modified to include the effects of secondary scattering within the solid. For power-law exponent values of 1.35, 1.66, and 2.00, the scattering effects reduced penetration depths at maximum yield by almost a factor of 2 and decreased the maximum yields by about 70% in each case. Reduced yield curves were also computed for the different cases and the results indicate that scattering has only a small effect on the shape of the curves. Where reduced yield curves are involved, it may be concluded that the simpler theories could be sufficiently accurate in many cases. It is also shown that the exponent value of 1.35 provides reasonable agreement with experiment for lower primary energies, while 1.66 is more suitable at higher energies, in general accord with the energy ranges employed in the electron transmission measurements from which the above exponent values were originally determined.
Anatomical study of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves: A new classification and application to understanding some migraine headaches (2019)

The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve. This nerve gives rise to two terminal branches, the supraorbital (SON) and supratrochlear nerves (STN). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports describing the detailed proximal course of these nerves while inside the orbit. Therefore, the goal of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the SON and STN inside and at their exit from the orbit. Twenty sides from ten fresh-frozen cadavers were used in this study. Intra and extra orbital dissections were performed to observe the course of the SON and STN. Additionally, measurements of the nerves were made at these locations. The course of the SON and STN inside the orbit was classified into three groups depending on the STN branching pattern from the SON. The group without any branch from the SON and STN inside the orbit was the most common. The exit points of these nerves were via the supraorbital notch, foramen, or neither a notch nor foramen. A distinct fibrous band was consistently found tethering the nerve except in specimens with nerves traversing a bony foramen. The mean diameters of the SON and STN were 1.3 ± 0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. The results of this study further our knowledge of the course and morphology of the SON and STN and might be useful for better understanding and potentially treating some forms of migraine headache due to SON or STN compression/entrapment. Clin. Anat. 33:332-337, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Central nervous system effects of the histamine‐3 receptor antagonist CEP‐26401, in comparison with modafinil and donepezil, after a single dose in a cross‐over study in healthy volunteers (2019)

Aims In previous studies, the histamine‐3 receptor antagonist CEP‐26401 had a subtle effect on spatial working memory, with the best effect seen at the lowest dose tested (20 μg), and a dose‐dependent disruption of sleep. In the current study, 3 low‐dose levels of CEP‐26401 were compared with modafinil and donepezil. Methods In this double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled, randomized, partial 6‐way cross‐over study, 40 healthy subjects received single doses of placebo, CEP‐26401 (5, 25 or 125 μg) or modafinil 200 mg or donepezil 10 mg. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements were performed predose and at designated time points postdose. Results The main endpoint between‐errors of the spatial working memory‐10‐boxes task only improved for the 125 μg dose of CEP‐26401 with a difference of 2.92 (confidence interval [CI] –1.21 to 7.05), 3.24 (CI –1.57 to 8.04) and 7.45 (CI 2.72 to 12.19) for respectively the 5, 25 and 125 μg dose of CEP‐26401, −1.65 (CI –0.572 to 1.96) for modafinil and − 3.55 (CI –7.13 to 0.03) for donepezil. CEP‐26401 induced an improvement of adaptive tracking, saccadic peak velocity and reaction time during N‐back, but a dose‐related inhibition of sleep and slight worsening of several cognitive parameters at the highest dose. CEP‐26401 significantly changed several subjective visual analogue scales, which was strongest at 25 μg, causing the same energizing and happy feeling as modafinil, but with a more relaxed undertone. Discussion Of the doses tested, the 25 μg dose of CEP‐26401 had the most optimal balance between favourable subjective effects and sleep inhibition. Whether CEP‐26401 can have beneficial effects in clinical practice remains to be studied.
Allergic and immunological aspects of therapy with cefotaxime and other cephalosporins (1980)

Immunogenicity and allergenicity studies in rodents show that cefotaxime and cefur-oxime are less immunogenic than benzylpenicillin or the semisynthetic penicillins. Cross-reactions of these antibiotics with benzylpenicilloyl-specific animal and human IgE antibodies appear minimal. Some cross-reactivity at the level of cell-mediated allergic reactions may, however, be expected.
Sensitivity Analysis to Define Guidelines for Predictive Control Design (2020)

Signalized traffic control is important in traffic management to reduce congestion in urban areas. With recent technological developments, more data have become available to the controllers and advanced state estimation and prediction methods have been developed that use these data. To fully benefit from these techniques in the design of signalized traffic controllers, it is important to look at the quality of the estimated and predicted input quantities in relation to the performance of the controllers. Therefore, in this paper, a general framework for sensitivity analysis is proposed, to analyze the effect of erroneous input quantities on the performance of different types of signalized traffic control. The framework is illustrated for predictive control with different adaptivity levels. Experimental relations between the performance of the control system and the prediction horizon are obtained for perfect and erroneous predictions. The results show that prediction improves the performance of a signalized traffic controller, even in most of the cases with erroneous input data. Moreover, controllers with high adaptivity seem to outperform controllers with low adaptivity, under both perfect and erroneous predictions. The outcome of the sensitivity analysis contributes to understanding the relations between information quality and performance of signalized traffic control. In the design phase of a controller, this insight can be used to make choices on the length of the prediction horizon, the level of adaptivity of the controller, the representativeness of the objective of the control system, and the input quantities that need to be estimated and predicted the most accurately.
Efficient Purification of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus by a Novel Peptide Aptamer (2023)

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) is a plant virus explored as a nanotechnological platform. The robust self-assembly mechanism of its capsid protein allows for drug encapsulation and targeted delivery. Additionally, the capsid nanoparticle can be used as a programmable platform to display different molecular moieties. In view of future applications, efficient production and purification of plant viruses is a key step. In established protocols, the need for ultracentrifugation is a significant limitation due to cost, difficult scalability, and safety issues. In addition, the purity of the final virus isolate often remains unclear. Here, an advanced protocol for the purification of CCMV from infected plant tissue was developed, focusing on efficiency, economy, and final purity. The protocol involves precipitation with PEG 8000, followed by an affinity extraction using a novel peptide aptamer. The efficiency of the protocol was validated using size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, reversed-phase HPLC, and sandwich immunoassay. It was demonstrated that the final eluate of the affinity column is of exceptional purity (98.4%) determined by HPLC and detection at 220 nm. The scale-up of our proposed method seems to be straightforward, which opens the way to the large-scale production of such nanomaterials. This highly improved protocol may facilitate the use and implementation of plant viruses as nanotechnological platforms for in vitro and in vivo applications.
Multiple sessions of liposomal doxorubicin and focused ultrasound mediated blood-brain barrier disruption: safety study (2015)

Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound is a rapidly advancing field for delivering therapeutic and imaging agents to the brain. It has the ability to facilitate the passage of therapeutics from the vasculature to the brain parenchyma, which is normally protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its main advantages are that it is targeted, noninvasive, and readily repeatable in nature. Studies have shown that it can deliver liposomal doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy agent with promise for tumors in the central nervous system, into the brain across BBB. However, prior studies have suggested that this agent may be significantly neurotoxic, even at small concentrations. Here, we studied whether multiple sessions of DOX administered after FUS-induced BBB disruption (FUS-BBBD) caused adverse events in the normal brain. First, we used fluorometry to measure the doxorubicin concentrations in the brain after FUS-BBBD. Next, we performed three weekly sessions with FUS-BBBD DOX administration.
Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development (2003)

The dataset confirms the widely-held belief that most drugs associated with TdP in humans are also associated with hERG K(+) channel block at concentrations close to or superimposed upon the free plasma concentrations found in clinical use. A 30-fold margin between C(max) and hERG IC(50) may suffice for drugs currently undergoing clinical evaluation, but for future drug discovery programmes, pharmaceutical companies should consider increasing this margin, particularly for drugs aimed at non-debilitating diseases. However, interactions with multiple cardiac ion channels can either mitigate or exacerbate the prolongation of APD and QT that would ensue from block of I(Kr) currents alone, and delay of repolarisation per se is not necessarily torsadogenic. Clearly, an integrated assessment of in vitro and in vivo data is required in order to predict the torsadogenic risk of a new candidate drug in humans.
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: an intravenous contrast agent for assessing lymph nodes with MR imaging. (1990)

An ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) preparation was evaluated as a potential intravenous contrast agent for lymph nodes. Relaxation time measurements and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed in rats with normal lymph nodes and in rats with lymph node metastases. In normal animals, lymph node relaxation times decreased maximally within 24-48 hours after intravenous administration of USPIO. Twenty-four hours after administration, the T2 of normal lymph nodes had decreased from 74 msec +/- 2.2 to 30 msec +/- 0.7 (USPIO, 40 mumol of iron per kilogram) or 15 msec +/- 0.0 (200 mumol Fe/kg), whereas the T2 of metastatic nodes did not change. MR imaging of the animal model of nodal metastases confirmed the hypothesis that intravenously administered USPIO decreases signal intensity of normal but not metastatic nodes. A single intravenous administration of USPIO may allow detection of nodal metastases on the basis of signal intensity characteristics rather than the currently used, insensitive size characteristics.
Phase Ib study (COSMIC-021) of cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab: Results of the dose escalation stage in patients (pts) with treatment-naïve advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (2018)

Background: Cabozantinib (C) is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor cell proliferation, neovascularization, and immune cell regulation, including MET, VEGFRs, and TAM family of kinases (TYRO3, MER, and AXL). Preclinical/clinical studies suggest that C promotes an immune-permissive environment that may facilitate synergistic effects with checkpoint inhibitors. This Phase 1b study evaluates C in combination with the programmed death ligand (PD-L1) targeting antibody atezolizumab (A) in pts with solid tumors (NCT03170960). Methods: Safety and clinical activity of C (2 dose levels: 40 mg, 60 mg QD) + A (1200 mg Q3W) administered in 3-week cycles were evaluated in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Safety data of all pts and criteria for dose limiting toxicity (DLT) determined the recommended dose (RD) for a subsequent expansion stage. Tumor response was assessed by CT/MRI and bone scan (RECIST v 1.1). Results: 12 pts with treatment-naïve advanced RCC (mostly clear-cell subtype) were treated in the dose escalation stage (6 at each dose level). At data cutoff, all pts were actively receiving study treatment (range, 3–12 cycles). There were no DLTs or serious adverse events (AEs) in either C+A dose cohort. Most AEs were Grade 1/2 including immune-related AEs. Grade 3 AEs included 3 events of hypertension, 2 events each of diarrhea and hypophosphatemia, and 1 pulmonary embolism. There were no Grade 4/5 AEs. Among 10 pts investigator-assessed confirmed ORR was 50% (1 CR, 4 PRs); 2 additional pts had unconfirmed PRs with only 1 tumor assessment at data cut-off. Conclusions: C+A is well tolerated and shows encouraging anti-tumor activity in advanced RCC. C 40 mg QD + A 1200 mg Q3W was selected as the RD for expansion in multiple solid tumor cohorts including RCC. Clinical trial identification: NCT03170960. Legal entity responsible for the study: Exelixis, Inc. Funding: Exelixis, Inc. Disclosure: N. Agarwal: Consulting or advisory role: Pfizer, Novartis, Merck, Genentech, Eisai, Exelixis, Clovis, EMD Serono, BMS, AstraZeneca, Astellas. U. Vaishampayan: Honoraria: Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Genentech, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi; Consulting or advisory role: Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Genentech/Roche, Novartis, Pfizer; Speakers' bureau: Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Genentech/Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi; Research funding: Astellas Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Novartis, Pfizer. M. Green, F. di Nucci: Employee: Genentech. P-Y. Chang: Employee of Exelixis Inc. C. Scheffold: Employee of and owns stock in Exelixis, Inc. S. Pal: Honoraria: Astellas Pharma, Medivation, Novartis; Consulting or advisory role: Aveo, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Genentech, Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer; Research funding: Medivation.
An RIE process for submicron, silicon electromechanical structures (2002)

A reactive ion etching (RIE) process was used for the fabrication of submicron, single-crystal silicon (SCS) mechanical structures. The process gives excellent control of lateral dimensions (<0.8 mu m) with large vertical depth (4 mu m). The etch rate is independent of crystal orientation; thus, the process can produce complex SCS structures. The released (freely suspended) submicron. SCS mechanical structures are produced using silicon RIE. Anisotropic silicon RIE is used to form unreleased SCS structures from a silicon substrate with vertical sidewall profiles. Isotropic silicon RIE is used to release the SCS structures by etching silicon underneath the SCS structures. Self-aligned silicon dioxide is used for masking the top and sidewalls of the SCS structures and for electrical insulation. The process incorporates the formation of side-drive capacitor structures using aluminum electrodes to induce the driving force on the SCS mechanical structures. A compatible 4- mu m step coverage aluminum metallization process using aluminum sputter deposition and isotropic RIE complements the basic RIE process. The two integrated processes offer unique materials and processing technologies for micromechanics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance of a Small Reheat Gas Turbine System as a Cogeneration System (2004)

We proposed the concept of a small reheat gas turbine system. This reheat gas turbine consists positive-pressure part (Brayton cycle), negative-pressure part (inverted Brayton cycle) and heat exchangers. The system components are interchangeable with the micro gas turbine. This system can supply hot water and steam. However, we focused on the electric efficiency in the previous paper. This paper describes the performance of a small reheat gas turbine system from a point of view as a cogeneration system. The efficiency of electric power output is over 32% and the efficiency of heat output is only 15–20%. So overall, efficiency is about 50%. Therefore, we improved the heat recovery system of a small reheat gas turbine system. As a result, the overall efficiency becomes over 60% and consumption of cooling water reduces extremely. PURPA is over 50% when TIT is over 1573K.
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE ADOANTAGEOF DIAGNOSING CANCER HYDROTHORAX BY CEREBROSPINALFLUID (CSF)CELL SHEET GLASS CENTRIFUGAL METHOD COMPAREDWITH ROUTINE SMEARING METHOD (1996)

Examine 18 cases of cancer hydrothorax by applying CSF cell sheet centrifugal method and routine smearing method, the result shows that positive rateyielded by the first method is 80%. and,that by the second on 26%. By statisticalcalculation,there shows also a significant difference with the diagnosis result between the two methods (PO. 05). For this,We can conclude that the CSF cell glasscentrifugal method is of great value to the diagnosis of cancer hydrothorax,and isworth popularizing and applying.