gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Median sternotomy (2015)

Sternotomy is considered to be the gold standard incision in cardiac surgery, resulting in low failure rates and excellent proven long-term outcomes. It can also be used in thoracic surgery for mediastinal, bilateral pulmonary or lower trachea and main stem bronchus surgery. Sternotomy has to be performed properly to avoid short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. The surgical technique is well established and certain principles are recognized to be crucial to minimize complications. The identification of the correct landmarks, midline tissue preparation, osteotomy with the avoidance of injury to underlying structures like pleura, pericardium, innominate vein, brachiocephalic artery and ectatic ascending aorta, and targeted bleeding control are important steps of the procedure. As important as the performance of a proper sternotomy is a correct sternal closure. An override or shift of the sternal edges has to be avoided by placing the wires at a proper distance from each other without injuring the thoracic pedicle. The two sternal halves have to be tightly re-approximated to facilitate healing of the bone and to avoid instability, which is a risk factor for wound infection. With a proper performance of sternotomy and sternal closure, instability and wound infections are rare and depend on patient-related risk factors.
Storage networking fundamentals : an introduction to storage devices, subsystems, applications, management, and filing systems (2005)

Part I TheBig Picture of Storage Networking Chapter 1 Data Access in the Internet Era Chapter 2 Establishing a Context for Understanding Storage Networks Chapter 3 Getting Down with Storage I/O Part II Working with Devices and Subsystems in Storage Networks Chapter 4 Storage Devices Chapter 5 Storage Subsystems Chapter 6 SCSI Storage Fundamentals and SAN Adapters Chapter 7 Device Interconnect Technologies for Storage Networks Part III Applications for Data Redundancy Chapter 8 An Introduction to Data Redundancy and Mirroring Chapter 9 Bigger, Faster, More Reliable Storage with RAID Chapter 10 Redundancy Over Distance with Remote Copy Chapter 11 Connection Redundancy in Storage Networks and Dynamic Multipathing Part IV TheFoundations of Storage and Data Management Chapter 12 Storage Virtualization: The Power in Volume Management Software and SAN Virtualization Systems Chapter 13 Network Backup: The Foundation of Storage Management Part V Filing Systems and Data Management in Networks Chapter 14 File System Fundamentals Chapter 15 Network File Systems and Network Attached Storage Chapter 16 New Directions in Network Filing: Clustered File Systems, Distributed File Systems, and Network Storage for Databases Chapter 17 Data Management Part VI Appendixes Appendix A Q & A Answers Appendix B INCITS Storage Standards Glossary Index
Notes- Conformational Analysis of the Prins Reaction (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Conformational Analysis of the Prins ReactionEdward Smissman and Donald WitiakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 3, 471–472Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online12 March 2003Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01073a617https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01073a617research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel eigenanalysis method for direction estimation (1990)

A new eigenanalysis-based technique for direction estimation (and for estimation of the parameters of superimposed exponential signals from multiexperiment noisy data) is introduced. This novel technique, which is called MODE (method of direction estimation), offers the performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) method (the MODE and ML estimators coincide as the number of data samples increases) at a modest computational effort, which is comparable to that associated with other eigenanalysis-based techniques such as the MUSIC algorithm. Compared to the latter, MODE offers the advantage of better performance, especially in situations where the sources are highly correlated. The type of performance that can be achieved by MODE is illustrated by means of some numerical examples which also show, for comparison, the corresponding performance achieved by the MUSIC algorithm and a popular approximate ML algorithm.
Contribution of active species generated in plasma to CO2 methanation (2023)

Abstract CO 2 methanation is an effective technology for CO 2 reduction. Generally, methanation reactions are accelerated using thermal catalysts. However, the temperature control is difficult because CO 2 methanation is an exothermic reaction, and the catalyst is deactivated by overheating. Plasma catalysis can solve this problem by driving this reaction at lower temperatures. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the contribution of the active species generated in the plasma to CO 2 methanation. We found that the density of active species is linearly related to the power density, and in particular, the CH 4 generation rate is determined by the CO-derived active species, not the H-derived active species. Furthermore, with an increase in the catalyst temperature, a new reaction pathway for CH 4 production is added. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the relationship between the active species produced in plasma and CO 2 methanation.
The CALICE tile hadron calorimeter prototype with SiPM read-out: Design, construction and first test beam results (2007)

The CALICE collaboration has constructed a test beam had ion calorimeter (HCAL) with 7608 scintillator tiles, individually read out by novel multi-pixel Geiger mode photo- diodes, so-called SiPMs, and tested it in electron and hadron beams at CERN. This prototype is the first device which uses SiPMs on a large scale; its purpose is to establish the technology and to record hadron shower data with unprecedented granularity for the validation of simulation models and the development of reconstruction algorithms. We present the design of the HCAL and its construction, with emphasis on the characterization of more than 10'000 SiPMs. We report on the operational experience in the test beam, such as noise and stability, discuss the calibration and give first results from the analysis of electron and hadron showers.
Modeling and Optimization of Heat Exchangers Within Gas Turbine Systems (2012)

The paper presents an analysis of a recuperative gas turbine system used for micro-cogeneration based on energetic and exergetic principles. The system is composed of two compressors (one for the fuel, the other for air), a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a recuperator used to preheat the air before entering the combustion chamber and a heat exchanger for heating water. The analysis compares three different configurations obtained by placing the recuperator upstream of, downstream of, or in parallel with the water heater. It is subject to the following assumptions: the fuel is injected steadily and ideally (without irreversibility), the air is a perfect gas, the heat exchangers are adiabatically isolated from the surroundings and the compressors and the turbine are adiabatic. A detailed analysis of the thermal and mechanical irreversibilities of the cycle is also presented. The optimization goal is to minimize the entropy generation or to maximize the useful exergy output of the system. With this approach the best configuration for a specified operating regime of micro-cogeneration can be determined.
Measuring Total Soil Carbon with Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (2001)

Improving estimates of carbon inventories in soils is currently hindered by lack of a rapid analysis method for total soil carbon. A rapid, accurate, and precise method that could be used in the field would be a significant benefit to researchers investigating carbon cycling in soils and dynamics of soil carbon in global change processes. We tested a new analysis method for predicting total soil carbon using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We determined appropriate spectral signatures and calibrated the method using measurements from dry combustion of a Mollisol from a cultivated plot. From this calibration curve we predicted carbon concentrations in additional samples from the same soil and from an Alfisol collected in a semiarid woodland and compared these predictions with additional dry combustion measurements. Our initial tests suggest that the LIBS method rapidly and efficiently measures soil carbon with excellent detection limits (approximately 300 mg/kg), precision (4-5%), and accuracy (3-14%). Initial testing shows that LIBS measurements and dry combustion analyses are highly correlated (adjusted r2 = 0.96) for soils of distinct morphology, and that a sample can be analyzed by LIBS in less than one minute. The LIBS method is readily adaptable to a field-portable instrument, and this attribute--in combination with rapid and accurate sample analysis--suggests that this new method offers promise for improving measurement of total soil carbon. Additional testing of LIBS is required to understand the effects of soil properties such as texture, moisture content, and mineralogical composition (i.e., silicon content) on LIBS measurements.
Interaction of surface plasmons with CdTe quantum dot excitons (2005)

A 5-fold enhancement in the luminescence of CdTe nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) is observed when they are placed in proximity to a nanostructured Au film deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique. No enhancement is observed with a nanostructured Ag film. The enhancement is due to the interaction of the QDs excitons with the localized surface plasmons (LSP). The Au surface plasmon (SP) frequency is closer to the QDs emission frequency than Ag LSP frequency and this accounts for the differences in observed behavior. As the SP-QD interaction strongly depends on the geometric structure and shape of the metal nanoparticles, a comparison with QDs deposited on a film of Au colloidal nanoparticles is presented. In the case of QDs placed directly on the Au colloids the luminescence quenching is much stronger and with a spacer layer a 3.5-fold enhancement over the bare QDs luminescence is observed.
Adult-Specific Systemic Over-Expression Reveals Novel In Vivo Effects of the Soluble Forms of ActRIIA, ActRIIB and BMPRII (2013)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/growth differentiation factors (GDFs), which belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, are pleiotropic factors that play a role in regulating the embryonic development and postnatal homeostasis of various organs and tissues by controlling cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Conventional transgenic and knockout (KO) mouse approaches have provided only limited information regarding the in vivo functions of BMP signaling in adult animals due to the effects on prenatal development and the difficulty in manipulating multiligand signals simultaneously. We recently produced transgenic chimeric mice(Tg chimeras) in which the soluble IgG1-Fc fusion protein of three BMP type II receptors (ActRIIA, ActRIIB, BMPRII) was highly circulated (281-709 μg/ml), specifically in adult mouse blood. Since each BMP receptor can bind to multiple BMP ligands, these Tg chimeras should be useful to investigate the effects of trapping multiple BMP ligands. Remarkably, some phenotypes were unexpected based on previous studies, such as KO mouse analyses, presumably representing the effects of the multiple ligand trapping. These phenotypes included increased red blood cells (RBCs) and decreased viability in adults. In a further study, we focused on the phenotype of increased RBCs and found that extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, not in the bone marrow, was increased using histological and flow cytometric analyses. Although it remains to be elucidated whether the transgene products affect the tissues directly or indirectly, our data provide novel and important insight into the biological functions of the soluble IgG1-Fc fusion protein of three BMP type II receptors in adults, and our approach should have broad applications to research on other ligand receptor families and studies involving mouse models.
Carrier lifetime measurements in InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice structures (2010)

Minority carrier lifetime, photoluminescence (PL), and interband absorption in midinfrared range of spectra were measured in InAs/GaSb strained-layer superlattices (SLS) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaSb substrates. The carrier lifetime was determined by time-resolved PL (TRPL) and from analysis of PL response to sine-wavemodulated excitation. Studies of the PL kinetics in the frequency domain allowed for direct lifetime measurements in SLS structures with an excess carrier concentration level of 3.5×10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. The minority carrier lifetime at T = 77 K was obtained from the dependence of the carrier lifetime on excitation power. SLS structures with similar absorption wavelengths but with different InAs and GaSb layer thicknesses and with different amounts of strain were investigated and compared with mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) samples. No apparent trend was seen in structures with different number of interfaces per unit length. All SLS lifetime values measured so far are more than an order of magnitude lower than those of MCT.
Evaluation of Recombinant Fragments of Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc Lectin Intermediate Subunit for Serodiagnosis of Amebiasis (2004)

We have recently identified a 150-kDa surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica as an intermediate subunit (Igl) of galactose- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin, which is a cysteine-rich protein consisting of 1,101 amino acids (aa) and containing multiple CXXC motifs in amino acid sequences. In the present study, full-length Igl except for the signal sequences (aa 14 to 1088) and three fragments of Igl-the N-terminal part (aa 14 to 382), the middle part (aa 294 to 753), and the C-terminal part (aa 603 to 1088)-were prepared in Escherichia coli, and the reactivity of these recombinant proteins with sera from patients with amebiasis was examined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from 57 symptomatic patients with amebic liver abscess or amebic colitis, sera from 15 asymptomatic cyst passers, sera from 40 individuals with other protozoan infections, and sera from 50 healthy controls were used. The sensitivity and specificity of the recombinant full-length Igl in the ELISA were 90 and 94%, respectively. When three fragments were used as antigens in the ELISA, the sensitivities were 56% in the N terminus, 92% in the middle part, and 97% in the C terminus. The specificities of the three antigens were 96% in the N terminus and 99% in both the middle and C-terminal fragments. These results demonstrate that Igl is well recognized in not only symptomatic but also asymptomatic patients with E. histolytica infection and that the carboxyl terminus of Igl is an especially useful antigen for the serodiagnosis of amebiasis.
Properties of Common Zeros between Pulse Transfer Function and Modified Pulse Transfer Function (1988)

We prove that all zeros of the modified pulse transfer function are different from the zeros of the pulse transfer function for almost all cases, and that this property is equivalent to the condition to construct the strongly stable digital output feedback system.
Ifosfamide and mesna. (1990)

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of ifosfamide and mesna are described separately, followed by a discussion of the adverse effects of concurrent ifosfamide and mesna, the clinical spectrum of ifosfamide, and the dosage and administration of the two drugs. Ifosfamide, an active analogue of cyclophosphamide, differs from other direct alkylating substances in that it requires biotransformation in the liver before it can exert its alkylating effects. The bioavailability of ifosfamide after oral administration exceeds 95%. The adverse effects of ifosfamide include hematologic, urinary tract, GI tract, and CNS toxicity. Mesna is a thiol compound designed to function as a regional detoxificant of urotoxic oxazaphosphorine cytostatics such as ifosfamide. The drug is rapidly oxidized in the plasma to its dimeric form, dimesna, one third of which is converted back to mesna by glutathione reductase. The mean total urinary availability of mesna administered orally is 76%. Mesna may produce gastrointestinal and allergic reactions. The adverse effects of concurrent ifosfamide and mesna include urinary tract and renal toxicity. Although current FDA-approved labeling is limited to refractory germ cell testicular cancer, ifosfamide has also shown efficacy in the treatment of lymphoma, lung cancer, and sarcomas. Optimum dosage and scheduling remain to be determined; studies suggest that a fractionated dosage schedule provides antineoplastic activity with tolerable toxicity. Ifosfamide, used in combination with mesna for uroprotection, provides a useful therapeutic option for the management of patients with testicular cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, or high-grade malignant lymphomas.
Laboratory Rearing of Bed Bugs (2014)

Triatomine bugs are hemimetabolous insects with piercing/sucking mouth parts. They belong to the order Hemiptera which consists of two sub orders, Homoptera and Heteroptera. All Homopteran and many Heteropteran bugs feed on plant fl uids. Some Heteropterans are predaceous, feeding on the body fl uids of other arthropods and vertebrates. Two families of the latter sub order contain blood sucking insects. One of them, the Cimicidae, or the bed bug family, are all hematophagous. The other, the Reduviidae, is commonly known as the assassin bug family. Most Reduviidae are predators of other insects, but the subfamily, the Triatominae, have adapted to feed on vertebrate blood. There are more than 140 known species of Triatominae, R. prolixus and T. dimidiata being two of them.
A Vehicle to Roadside Communications Architecture for ITS Applications (2000)

In this report we present a framework to assist Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) providers in the deployment of ITS user services requiring wide-area wireless communi-cations. We examine a scenario in the San Francisco East Bay Area for the 1995 time frame and determine the applicable ITS user services and wide-area wireless messaging requirements. Using the programming language SHIFT we investigate the uplink perfor-mance of a leading wireless candidate, Cellular Digital Packet Data in terms of its ability to support vehicle-to-roadside ITS applications during normal peak-period conditions and during a major incident.
Automatically translating bug reports into test cases for mobile apps (2018)

When users experience a software failure, they have the option of submitting a bug report and provide information about the failure and how it happened. If the bug report contains enough information, developers can then try to recreate the issue and investigate it, so as to eliminate its causes. Unfortunately, the number of bug reports filed by users is typically large, and the tasks of analyzing bug reports and reproducing the issues described therein can be extremely time consuming. To help make this process more efficient, in this paper we propose Yakusu, a technique that uses a combination of program analysis and natural language processing techniques to generate executable test cases from bug reports. We implemented Yakusu for Android apps and performed an empirical evaluation on a set of over 60 real bug reports for different real-world apps. Overall, our technique was successful in 59.7% of the cases; that is, for a majority of the bug reports, developers would not have to study the report to reproduce the issue described and could simply use the test cases automatically generated by Yakusu. Furthermore, in many of the remaining cases, Yakusu was unsuccessful due to limitations that can be addressed in future work.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes filled with bimetallic alloys: Structures and buckling behaviors (2008)

Structural and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) completely filled with bimetallic alloys are investigated using classic molecular dynamics method. Progresses on both synthesis and property researches of metal-filled carbon nanotubes are also comprehensively reviewed. Different initial equilibrium structures and buckling behaviors are exhibited for tubes filled with alloys of different species and compositions. The critical buckling strain of a SWCNT filled with mixed metals can be higher than that of the tube encapsulated with any pure component metals. Strong dependencies of buckling deformations on the initial random distributions of the encapsulated alloy metals are also reported.
The value of fibrin monomer combined with Wells′ score in early diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease (2017)

Objective
To investigate the change of the fibrin monomer (FM) level in the venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). To compare the diagnostic value of FM combined Wells score with the other detection methods.


Methods
In this case control study, 121 cases were selected from the patients who were from general and orthopeadic surgery (including thrombosis group in 60 cases and non thrombosis group in 61 cases). The patients were assessed by Wells score. From one day before surgery, Plasma d-dimer (D-D) and fibrin monomer (FM) were periodic measured by CP-2000 d-dimer and fibrin monomer. Evaluation the value of d-dimer, fibrin monomer and fibrin monomer combined with Wells score in diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease. The receiver operation cure(ROC) was drew to determine the diagnostic performance.


Results
The plasma FM level of patients with VTE in the thrombus group (26.11±38.34) μg/ml is higher than the non thrombus group (6.56±6.81) μg/ml and the control group (2.37±0.89) μg/ml (t=-3.82, t=-4.78, P<0.01); the sensitivity of FM was lower than the D-D (85% vs 93%); then the positive predictive value was lower than D-D (82% vs 87%) (χ2=27.01, P=0.000)but its specificity and negative predictive value (65%) are both higher than D-D (65% vs 44%)(71% vs 62%)(χ2=11.67, P=0.001); the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of FM combined Wells score are increased (90%, 85%, 83%, 89%)(χ2=20.95, χ2=16.65, P<0.01). The increased level of FM is earlier than imaging changes, and the elevated of plasma D-D is not obvious in a certain period of time.


Conclusions
The sensitivity and specificity of FM combined with Wells′ score is higher in the diagnosis of VTE, its prediction value in the diagnosis of VTE is higher. The FM level can be changed in the early stage of VTE, which has a certain value of early diagnosis.(Chin J Lab Med, 2017, 40: 589-592)


Key words: 
Venous thromboembolism; Venous thrombosis; Fibrin fibrinogen degradation products