gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes on the Systematy and Distribution of Malayan Pahnerogams, II (1939)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Study on the extraction and purification process of esculetin from CORTEX FRAXINI. (2012)

[Objective] To study the optimal extraction and purification process of esculetin from CORTEX FRAXINI. [Method] Using the content of esculetin measured by HPLC as the index, the optimal process of extracting esculetin was determined by L9(34) orthogonal test. With the isolation of esculetin as the index, the optimum isolation and purification process was determined by polyamide column. [Result] The optimal extraction process was extracting three times, each extraction 1.5 h, with eight-fold amount of 95% ethanol. Polyamide column could effectively isolate esculetin by following the steps below: the test solution was loaded on polyamide column at an adsorption flow rate of 8 BV/h and eluted with distilled water at an elution flow rate of 4 BV/h. The volume ratio of loading solution to resin was set at 8∶ 1 (g/ml) (W/V). Under the above conditions, the total elution rate and refining rate of esculetin were more than 90% and 50%, respectively. [Conclusion] The method used in the study is good for extracting esculetin from CORTEX FRAXINI.
Techniques and Information Content of Sonoholograms (1966)

AbstractSome attemps have been mode to apply ultrasonography to metrology, from which sonophotometry has evolved. The information content of this method is, however, not sufficient since the sonosensitive films record only amplituide of the U.S. waves and do not give any information about phase variation. It is shown that using the holography method, discovered in 1947 by D. Gdbor, and using sonosensitive plates, holograms can be obtained by U.S. waves. Drawing a parallel between these holograms–termed sonoholograms–and those of Leith and Upatnieks taken with laser, it is not possible to establish any principal differences. NotesPaper presented at a Symposium on Techniques in Applied Photography organized by the Science Committee on 2-3 December 1965, in London.
A Hybrid 3D Colon Segmentation Method Using Modified Geometric Deformable Models (2007)

Introduction: Nowadays virtual colonoscopy has become a reliable and efficient method of detecting primary stages of colon cancer such as polyp detection. One of the most important and crucial stages of virtual colonoscopy is colon segmentation because an incorrect segmentation may lead to a misdiagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this work, a hybrid method based on Geometric Deformable Models (GDM) in combination with an advanced region growing and thresholding methods is proposed. GDM are found to be an attractive tool for structural based image segmentation particularly for extracting the objects with complicated topology. There are two main parameters influencing the overall performance of GDM algorithm; the distance between the initial contour and the actual object’s contours and secondly the stopping term which controls the deformation. To overcome these limitations, a two stage hybrid based segmentation method is suggested to extract the rough but precise initial contours at the first stage of the segmentation. The extracted boundaries are smoothed and improved using a modified GDM algorithm by improving the stopping terms of the algorithm based on the gradient value of image voxels. Results: The proposed algorithm was implemented on forty data sets each containing 400-480 slices. The results show an improvement in the accuracy and smoothness of the extracted boundaries. The improvement obtained for the accuracy of segmentation is about 6% in comparison to the one achieved by the methods based on thresholding and region growing only. Discussion and Conclusion: The extracted contours using modified GDM are smoother and finer. The improvement achieved in this work on the performance of stopping function of GDM model together with applying two stage segmentation of boundaries have resulted in a great improvement on the computational efficiency of GDM algorithm while making smoother and finer colon borders.
Spatial and temporal fading correlations of a uniform circular array smart antenna in urban vehicular propagation (2003)

Abstract For smart antenna systems, the space‐time correlation of received signals at an antenna array is a crucial parameter in most adaptive beamforming techniques. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the variation of spatial and temporal fading correlations and the eigenspread of a space–time correlation matrix for a seven‐element uniform circular array (UCA) under the line‐of‐sight (LOS) and the non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) urban propagation conditions. A space‐time fading correlation model for the UCA, which depends on angular distribution of multipaths, array geometry, Doppler shift, and time offset, is also proposed. The results show that spatial correlations between any pair of antenna elements in the NLOS propagation are less than those in the LOS propagation, and temporal correlations are approximately the same for both propagation conditions. The NLOS propagation causes larger eigenspread for the space‐time correlation matrix, as compared to the NLOS propagation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 61–65, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11285
Impact of Exhaled Breath Acetone in the Prognosis of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). One Year of Clinical Follow-up (2016)

High EBA levels could be associated to poor prognosis in HFrEF patients.
Early Life Iron Excess Enhances Hippocampal Purine Catabolism Through Activation of Xanthine Oxidase in a Nursing Piglet Model (P11-072-19) (2019)

Our prior work demonstrated that dietary iron excess in early life results in iron overload in both liver and hippocampus in pre-weanling piglets. Herein, we aimed to identify metabolic processes altered by iron overload in liver and hippocampus. Liver and hippocampal tissues collected from 21-day old nursing piglets receiving high (HI; 50 mg iron/d · kg body weight), n = 5) or no oral iron supplementation (NI, n = 5) from birth to PD 21 were analyzed for non-targeted metabolomics, using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Based on profiled changes in hippocampal metabolites, we further analyzed xanthine oxidase (XO), a rate limiting enzyme for purine degradation, for its mRNA, protein and enzyme activity by RT-qPCR, western blot, and ELISA. 108 and 126 metabolites were identified in hippocampus and liver, respectively. In comparison with NI, HI altered abundance of 15 metabolites in hippocampus (P < 0.05, q < 0.2). Myo-inositol and N-acetylaspartic acid, two abundant metabolites in the CNS with broad implications in neuronal function and myelination, were decreased in response to hippocampal iron overload. Seven metabolites involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism (e.g., hypoxanthine, xanthine and beta-alanine) in hippocampus were modulated in a coordinated pattern by HI, implicating a shift from purine salvage towards degradation, governed by XO. In support of these findings, up-regulation of XO mRNA expression (2.3-fold, P < 0.05) and activity (fold/stats?) was found in hippocampus but not in liver (P > 0.05). Despite overt iron loading, the hepatic metabolome remained stable (q > 0.2). Our findings suggest that iron overload increases hippocampal purine degradation via enhanced XO expression and activity, deleteriously altering tissue redox balance and ROS production. Purine salvage contributes to ATP production in the CNS, where a global shift from purine salvage to degradation due to HI may compromise energetics in the developing hippocampus. UC Davis; NIFA.
DMD-based adaptive spectral imagers for hyperspectral imagery and direct detection of spectral signatures (2009)

Dispersive transform spectral imagers with both one- and two-dimensional spatial coverage have been demonstrated and characterized for applications in remote sensing, target classification and process monitoring. Programmable spatial light modulators make it possible to adjust spectral, temporal and spatial resolution in real time, as well as implement detection algorithms directly in the digitally controlled sensor hardware. Operating parameters can be optimized in real time, in order to capture changing background and target evolution. Preliminary results are presented for short wave, mid-wave, and long-wave infrared sensors that demonstrate the spatial and spectral versatility and rapid adaptability of this new sensor technology.
Terahertz electro-optic modulation in biased GaAs quantum wells (2006)

Terahertz-optical mixing is studied in biased GaAs quantum wells for voltage-controlled wavelength conversion. The mixing produces sidebands, which appear at /spl omega//sub sideband/=/spl omega//sub optical/+nc/spl omega//sub Teraher/ /sub tz/, where n=/spl plusmn/1, /spl plusmn/2,... sidebands are strong when the optical beam or the sum of the two laser beam excite resonances of the quantum well. Their intensity is found to depend strongly on the electric bias and on terahertz frequency. The n=/spl plusmn/1 sideband intensity is zero when the sample is unbiased and increases significantly with bias. The sideband is strong when the terahertz laser frequency is tuned in resonance with an intersubband transition and also at low terahertz frequencies. At low frequencies the system is equivalent to quantum well modulators. We show how the response extends into the terahertz range.
Nonlinear standing waves in Couette-Taylor flow (1989)

A nonlinear stability analysis by Demay and Iooss of flow between concentric rotating cylinders (the Couette-Taylor system) predicted a transition from the basic flow to a state with ribbons, which are traveling waves in the azimuthal direction but standing waves in the axial direction. We have observed the transition to ribbons in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, and the measured wave speeds are in accord with those obtained numerically.
Direct and quantitative evaluation of the major human CYP contribution (fmCYP) to drug clearance using thein vitroSilensomes™ model (2018)

1. We have applied the concept of using MBIs to produce CYP-Silensomes to quantify the contribution of the major CYPs to drug metabolism (fmCYP). 2. The target CYPs were extensively and selectivity inhibited by the selected MBIs, while non-target CYPs were inhibited by less than 20% of the homologous control activities. Only CYP2D6-Silensomes exhibited a CYP2B6 inhibition that could be easily and efficiently encountered by subtracting the fmCYP2B6 measured using CYP2B6-Silensomes to adjust the fmCYP2D6. 3. To validate the use of a panel of 6 CYP-Silensomes, we showed that the fmCYP values of mono- and multi-CYP metabolised drugs were well predicted, with 70% within ± 15% accuracy. Moreover, the correlation with observed fmCYP values was higher than that for rhCYPs, which were run in parallel using the same drugs (<45% within ±15% accuracy). Moreover, the choice of the RAF substrate in rhCYP predictions was shown to affect the accuracy of the fmCYP measurement. 4. These results support the use of CYP1A2-, CYP2B6-, CYP2C8-, CYP2C9-, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4-Silensomes to accurately predict fmCYP values during the in vitro enzyme phenotyping assays in early, as well as in development, phases of drug development.
Energetic analysisof film overflow stability in falling-film microreactors (2014)

International audience
KU-BAND SUSPENDED MESHED PATCH ANTENNA INTEGRATED WITH SOLAR CELLS FOR REMOTE AREA APPLICATIONS (2018)

A new structure design of a dual-band suspended microstrip meshed patch antenna integrated with a polycrystalline silicon solar cell for Ku-band satellite applications is proposed and presented. This antenna element is a basic building block for a Ku-band meshed array antenna used for two-way satellite internet and TV applications at rural and remote locations. The antenna covers the operating frequency range from 11.7 GHz to 12.22 GHz downlink band and from 14.0 GHz to 14.5 GHz uplink band allocated by the ITU to the Regions 1 and 2. While achieving 500 MHz bandwidth across each band, fully covering the Ku-band uplink and downlink frequency bands, the antenna offers a single element gain of 6.05 dBi in the downlink band and 7.61 dBi in the uplink band. The antenna has been fabricated and measured, and good agreement is achieved between the experimental and simulated results. In addition, a good compromise between RF performance and optical transparency is obtained. The overall visible light transmission is found to be approximately 87%. A compact low-profile antenna element is also achieved.
Synthesis of Functionally Diverse and Conformationally Constrained Polycyclic Analogues of Proline and Prolinol (2003)

Alkylation of the monoenolate of N-Boc-l-pyroglutamic acid methyl ester with a variety of benzylic halides and their homologues gave the corresponding anti-C-4-alkylated products as major products. Formation of the N-Boc-iminium ion and Friedel−Crafts intramolecular cationic ring closure afforded a series of fused 1-azacyclodihydroindene derivatives with interesting topologies. Functional diversity was introduced via further manipulation of pendant groups on the original proline motif as well as on the aromatic moiety.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Identification of Oncogenic and Drug-Sensitizing Mutations in the Extracellular Domain of FGFR2 (2023)

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Digestion and microbial protein synthesis in sheep as affected by exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (2012)

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) on the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein (CP) and on the microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in sheep of a milled substrate consisting of a 50 : 50 mixture of lucerne hay (LH) and wheat straw (WS). Four cannulated D&#246;hne-Merino sheep were randomly assigned to two groups in a 2 x 2 cross-over experiment. Additional to the in situ study, the effects of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) on the in vitro gas production (GP) and ANKOM digestion systems on the mixture of milled LH and WS were determined. The substrate was pre-treated with distilled water (control) or EFE (treatment) 12 hours prior to incubation to allow interaction between the substrate and enzyme. Adding EFE significantly improved the in vitro cumulative gas production (GP), but it did not affect the in vitro MPS measured as purine derivates of the GP residues. The enzyme significantly increased the in vitro DM and NDF disappearances after 36 hours. However, the in situ disappearances of DM, NDF and CP of the roughage mixture were not affected by the EFE. Further, the in situ MPS was increased significantly with the EFE treatment of the mixed substrate. It is concluded that the improved ruminal digestion of DM, NDF and CP is not only due to direct enzyme hydrolysis, but also due to the improvement of MPS.Keywords: Fibre digestion, in vitro and in situ digestion, ruminants
Radical-Scavenging Activity of a Sunscreen Enriched by Antioxidants Providing Protection in the Whole Solar Spectral Range (2017)

A sunscreen containing AO improved the photoprotection in the VIS and NIR ranges. The sunscreen was retained in the stratum corneum. Therefore, these results show the possibility of the development of effective and safer sunscreen products.
The science of aerosol delivery in cystic fibrosis (2008)

Aerosolized drugs are universally used for treatment of cystic fibrosis airway disease. Inhalation can increase topical efficacy and reduce systemic exposure and toxicity of many drugs. A wide variety of inhaled drugs already exist with many more in the therapeutic pipeline. Understanding the principles of aerosol delivery and how aerosol devices function is important in designing the best therapeutic regimens for CF patients. The variables that determine where an aerosol deposits are numerous and complex. Important aerosol-related variables include particle-size distribution, hygroscopic properties, viscosity and surface tension of the drug. Patient-related variables include inspired flow rate, tidal volume, respiratory rate, breath-holding, upper airway anatomy, lower airways obstruction, and the cognitive and physical ability to use the device. These factors vary widely between patients of different age groups and disease severities, and cause the high variability in drug delivery seen with aerosol drugs. Classic aerosol delivery devices like metered dose inhalers and dry-powder inhalers are small, portable, and have short treatment times. However, they are limited by small drug payloads and user technique problems. Jet nebulizers are commonly used for CF drugs, are easy to operate, require no special breathing pattern, and can deliver very large quantities of drug. However, they require a power or air source, cleaning and sanitizing, and are relatively time consuming. Recently, novel aerosol delivery systems and formulations have been developed to improve delivery efficiency and reduce variability and delivery time. These new systems can ease the treatment burden and improve adherence and outcomes in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:S5–S17. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High Yield Purification of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Merozoites For Use in Opsonizing Antibody Assays (2014)

Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens are under development as potential malaria vaccines. One aspect of immunity against malaria is the removal of free merozoites from the blood by phagocytic cells. However assessing the functional efficacy of merozoite specific opsonizing antibodies is challenging due to the short half-life of merozoites and the variability of primary phagocytic cells. Described in detail herein is a method for generating viable merozoites using the E64 protease inhibitor, and an assay of merozoite opsonin-dependent phagocytosis using the pro-monocytic cell line THP-1. E64 prevents schizont rupture while allowing the development of merozoites which are released by filtration of treated schizonts. Ethidium bromide labelled merozoites are opsonized with human plasma samples and added to THP-1 cells. Phagocytosis is assessed by a standardized high throughput protocol. Viable merozoites are a valuable resource for assessing numerous aspects of P. falciparum biology, including assessment of immune function. Antibody levels measured by this assay are associated with clinical immunity to malaria in naturally exposed individuals. The assay may also be of use for assessing vaccine induced antibodies.
Establishment of behavioral parameters for the evaluation of osteopathic treatment principles in a rat model of arthritis (1997)

Unilateral arthritis was produced in rats by use of methylated bovine serum albumin in a model of antigen-induced arthritis. The progression of arthritis was measured by computerized motion analysis, bilateral joint circumference, voluntary extension force of the hindlegs, and length of ankle extension. Animals with induced arthritis were assigned to treated and untreated groups on the basis of approximately equal deficits by the parameters measured. A third group of rats, which did not have arthritis induced and received no treatment, served to establish mean normal parameters. Modified techniques of muscle energy, passive movement of the ankle and knee, and passive myofascial stretch were applied to the animals, and the animals were exercised in a mechanized exercise wheel. Parameters associated with gait were examined by computerized motion analysis of walking. Animals treated with manipulation and exercise improved significantly relative to untreated animals with antigen-induced arthritis in vertical ankle lift, ankle-based and foot-based stride lengths, knee circumference, and normalized extension of the ankle. The results demonstrate that the parameters identified can be used to detect functional deficits and significant improvement from those deficits can be derived from a nonpharmacologic treatment paradigm that includes osteopathic manipulation and exercise in an animal model of arthritis. These parameters may be useful in the identification of the relative benefits of independent treatment variables including frequency of osteopathic manipulation and exercise and the relative benefits of each in this model. Also, they may elucidate how these treatments produce their beneficial effects clinically.
Immune cell proliferation is suppressed by the interferon‐γ‐induced indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase expression of fibroblasts populated in collagen gel (FPCG) (2003)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, is an intracellular enzyme possessing various immunosuppressive properties. Here, we report the possible use of this enzyme to suppress proliferation of immune cells cocultured with IDO-expressing fibroblasts of an allogenic skin substitute. Fetal skin fibroblasts embedded within bovine collagen were treated with cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to induce expression of IDO mRNA and protein. Expression of IDO mRNA was evaluated by Northern analysis. IDO enzyme activity was evaluated by measurement of kynurenine and tryptophan levels in the IFN-gamma untreated and treated fibroblasts. The results of Northern analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in expression of IDO mRNA in response to various concentrations of IFN-gamma used. The levels of kynurenine and tryptophan measured, as the bioactivity of IDO, were significantly different in the IFN-gamma treated fibroblasts, compared to those of controls (P < 0.001). In a lasting effect experiment, the expression of IDO mRNA was gradually reduced to an undetectable level within 32 h of IFN-gamma removal. The results of Western blot analysis, however, revealed a significantly longer (192 h) lasting effect of IFN-gamma on IDO protein level, relative to that of mRNA expression. To demonstrate immunosuppressive effects of IDO on proliferation of immune cells, IDO-expressing fibroblasts were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for a period of 5 days. The results of (3)H-thymidine incorporation showed a significant reduction in proliferation of PBMC when cocultured with IDO-expressing fibroblasts, compared to those cocultured with non-IDO-expressing fibroblasts (P < 0.001). Furthermore, addition of IDO-inhibitor (1-methyl-d-tryptophan) reversed the suppressive effects of IDO on PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependant fashion. To test the viability of immune cells cocultured with IDO-expressing fibroblasts, FACS analysis of the PI stained PBMC was conducted and no significant difference was found between these cells and the controls. In another set of experiments, we showed that migration rate and subsequent proliferation of IDO-expressing fibroblasts are also the same as those of control cells. In conclusion, IDO-expressing allogenic fibroblasts embedded within collagen gel suppress the proliferation of allogenic immune cells, while they still remain viable in this IDO-induced tryptophan-deficient culture environment.