gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rainfall on Glyphosate Plus 2,4-D Performance onEchinochloa crus-galli (1995)

Barnyardgrass is a problem in winter wheat fields in the central Great Plains following harvest. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D efficacy on barnyardgrass with or without atrazine was investigated under various watering events at three sites in west central Nebraska. Two experiments were initiated at each site. One experiment dealt with rainfall and the other rainfall plus irrigation. Main plots in stubble fields infested with barnyardgrass were sprayed with glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.4 plus 0.7, 0.5 plus 0.8, and 0.6 plus 1.0 kg ae ha −1 alone and with 2.2 kg ai ha −1 atrazine. Barnyardgrass was under drought stress in unwatered areas in 1991 at two sites, but the 1993 site was waterlogged. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.6 plus 1.0 kg ha 1 controlled 62, 99, and 100% of the barnyardgrass at the three sites 30 DAT. Nevertheless, control was reduced to 48, 88, and 35% when atrazine was combined with glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Poorest control came when plants were under stress from drought or waterlogging and atrazine was included in the spray solution. In subplots barnyardgrass plants in a 0.8 m 2 area were watered 6, 3, or 1 d before spraying and 1, 4, 7, or 11 d after spraying. By watering drought-stressed barnyardgrass 6 d before spraying, control generally was similar or better than with later watering dates. Watering 6 d before spraying with glyphosate plus 2,4-D plus atrazine at 0.6 plus 1.0 plus 2.2 kg ha −1 reduced but did not eliminate antagonism from atrazine.
Zone line formation on artificial media and in hardwoods by basidiomycetes for production of spalted wood (2017)

Abstract One of the visual modification of wood is the formation of dark zone lines (ZLs) via interaction of fungi. The result is called spalted wood, which has hitherto been produced mainly in small batches. The main goal of the present study is to further develop techniques for rapid formation of ZLs in hardwoods. Various white rot and brown rot fungi were tested to this purpose. Initially, interactions of 148 combinations of 17 basidiomycetes in malt extract agar were evaluated and their antagonistic interactions were characterised in order to identify fungal pairs capable of rapidly forming high-quality ZLs. Six types of interactions were observed, among others; antibiosis and inhibition in contact, which differ in terms of variables including mycelial overgrowth and zone line formation. Furthermore, 23 pairs of ZL forming fungi on malt extract agar were identified. Then the interactions of five selected pairs of fungi grown on the hardwood species Acer pseudoplatanus L., Betula pendula Roth. and Populus nigra L. were examined to assess their utility for controlled mycological wood modification, also in terms of a possible substrate dependency of their interactions. The results indicate that Lentinus tigrinus fungus is one of the best and quickest producer of ZLs in mycological wood modification.
PLGA Nanoparticles Improve the Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin in Rats: Characterizations and Mechanisms (2011)

The overall goal of this paper was to develop poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) of curcumin (CUR), named CUR-PLGA-NPs, and to study the effect and mechanisms enhancing the oral bioavailability of CUR. CUR-PLGA-NPs were prepared according to a solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) solvent evaporation method and exhibited a smooth and spherical shape with diameters of about 200 nm. Characterization of CUR-PLGA-NPs showed CUR was successfully encapsulated on the PLGA polymer. The entrapment efficiency and loading rate of CUR were 91.96 and 5.75%, respectively. CUR-PLGA-NPs showed about 640-fold in water solubility relative to that of n-CUR. A sustained CUR release to a total of approximately 77% was discovered from CUR-PLGA-NPs in artificial intestinal juice, but only about 48% in artificial gastric juice. After oral administration of CUR-PLGA-NPs, the relative bioavailability was 5.6-fold and had a longer half-life compared with that of native curcumin. The results showed that the effect in improving oral bioavailability of CUR may be associated with improved water solubility, higher release rate in the intestinal juice, enhanced absorption by improved permeability, inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux, and increased residence time in the intestinal cavity. Thus, encapsulating hydrophobic drugs on PLGA polymer is a promising method for sustained and controlled drug delivery with improved bioavailability of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IV, such as CUR.
IS-IS Extensions Supporting IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging (2012)

802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) has been standardized by the IEEE
as the next step in the evolution of the various spanning tree and
registration protocols. 802.1aq allows for true shortest path
forwarding in a mesh Ethernet network context utilizing multiple equal
cost paths. This permits it to support much larger Layer 2 topologies,
with faster convergence, and vastly improved use of the mesh topology.
Combined with this is single point provisioning for logical
connectivity membership, which includes point-to-point, point-to-
multipoint, and multipoint-to-multipoint variations. This memo
documents the IS-IS changes required to support this IEEE protocol and
provides some context and examples. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Using Invariant Image Features for Synchronization in Spread Spectrum Image Watermarking (2002)

A watermarking scheme is presented in which the characteristics of both spatial and frequency techniques are combined to achieve robustness against image processing and geometric transformations. The proposed approach consists of three basic steps: estimation of the just noticeable image distortion, watermark embedding by adaptive spreading of the watermark signal in the frequency domain, and extraction of relevant information relating to the spatial distribution of pixels in the original image. The just noticeable image distortion is used to insert a pseudo-random signal such that its amplitude is maintained below the distortion sensitivity of the pixel into which it is embedded. Embedding the watermark in the frequency domain guarantees robustness against compression and other common image processing transformations. In the spatial domain most salient image points are characterized using the set of Hilbert first-order differential invariants. This information is used to detect geometrical attacks in a frequency-domain watermarked image and to resynchronize the attacked image. The presented schema has been evaluated experimentally. The obtained results show that the technique is resilient to most common attacks including rotation, translation, and scaling.
The Roles of Mutations in gyrA, parC , and ompK35 in Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (2003)

In a survey of 541 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 44 hospitals in Taiwan, three distinct populations were identified by the disk diffusion method according to the disribution of zone diameters of ciprofloxacin. Isolates with resistant, reduced-susceptible, and susceptible to fluoroquinolone were defined as CIP zone diameters of < or = 15 mm, 16-26 mm, and > or = 27 mm, respectively. Thus, in addition to 38 (7%) resistant isolates, there were 30 (5.5%) reduced-susceptible isolates and 473 (87.5%) susceptible isolates. A total of 34 isolates consisting of nine resistant, 13 reduced-susceptible, and 12 susceptible isolates were assessed for point mutations in gyrA and parC and the outer membrane profiles. The susceptibility to fluoroquinolone of 13 reduced-susceptible isolates was not altered in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an efflux inhibitor, showing that efflux is not a major contributor to reduced susceptibility. In addition to single mutation in gyrA, OmpK35 porin loss can also be the first step for developing fluoroquinolone resistance. No strain possesses a parC mutation without the simultaneous presence of a gyrA mutation, suggesting that mutations in parC play a complementary role for higher-level of fluoroquinolone resistance and fluoroquinolone resistance is a multistep process.
Low-voltage class AB buffers with quiescent current control (1998)

This paper presents a simple class AB buffer which is suitable for low-voltage (1.5 V) applications. The proposed buffer uses an adaptive load to reduce the sensitivity of the quiescent current to the process variation. The main feature of this scheme is its simplicity. The circuit was fabricated in a 2.0 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process. Experimental results demonstrate that the buffer can operate with a supply voltage below 2 V, and it has the capability to drive small resistive loads.
SecureBlox (2010)

We present SecureBlox, a declarative system that unifies a distributed query processor with a security policy framework. SecureBlox decouples security concerns from system specification, allowing easy reconfiguration of a system's security properties to suit a given execution environment. Our implementation of SecureBlox is a series of extensions to LogicBlox, an emerging commercial Datalog-based platform for enterprise software systems. SecureBlox enhances LogicBlox to enable distribution and static meta-programmability, and makes novel use of existing LogicBlox features such as integrity constraints. SecureBlox allows meta-programmability via BloxGenerics - a language extension for compile-time code generation based on the security requirements and trust policies of the deployed environment. We present and evaluate detailed use-cases in which SecureBlox enables diverse applications, including an authenticated declarative routing protocol with encrypted advertisements and an authenticated and encrypted parallel hash join operation. Our results demonstrate SecureBlox's abilities to specify and implement a wide range of different security constructs for distributed systems as well as to enable tradeoffs between performance and security.
The Hydrolysis of 4-Amino- and 4-Dimethylaminobenzene Sulfonyl Chlorides: An Unprecedented Case of Independence of Reactivity from pH (2011)

The reactivity−pH profile for the hydrolysis of 4-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; has a sigmoid shape with a plateau extending from pH 2 to 11; reactivity of &lt;i&gt;N,N&lt;/i&gt;-dimethyaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride &lt;b&gt;4&lt;/b&gt; is invariant over an even wider pH range (0−14.7). These results, together with the activation data determined at selected pH’s for compound &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;, are interpreted in light of the occurrence of a reaction mechanism that is dissociative in nature, in which nucleophilic assistance by solvent molecules is given to the amino group of &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; acting as an “internal nucleophile”.
A triblock terpolymer vs. blends of diblock copolymers for nanocapsules addressed by three independent stimuli (2016)

The chemical structure of triblock terpolymers is exploited to achieve polymer nanocapsules responsive to three different stimuli.
Terahertz chiral metamaterials with giant and dynamically tunable optical activity (2012)

We demonstrated giant optical activity using a chiral metamaterial composed of an array of conjugated bilayer metal structures. The chiral metamaterials were further integrated with photoactive inclusions to accomplish a wide tuning range of the optical activity through illumination with near-infrared light. The strong chirality observed in our metamaterials results in a negative refractive index, which can also be well controlled by the near-infrared optical excitation.
Development and Validation of a 6-Point Grading Scale in Patients Undergoing Correction of Nasolabial Folds with a Collagen Implant (2010)

The GGS is a reproducible method of grading the severity of NLF wrinkles. Treatment effectiveness of a dermal filler can be reliably evaluated using the GGS by comparing "live" assessments with the standard GGS photographic panel.
Überblick über die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Festelektrolyten (1978)

Abstract Applications of solid state electrolytes – a survey . Ionic conduction in solids has numerous potential applications in the fields of instrumentation, energy storage, energy conversion, and production of chemicals. The present state of development of the various processes and devices ranges from industrial maturity via application tests and R &amp; D work to projects in the concept stage. The state of the art is briefly reviewed.
Norepinephrine Metabolism and Psychoactive Drugs in the Endogenous Depressions (1995)

After intraventricular injection of norepinephrine-H3, the concentration of norepinephrine, of normetanephrine and of the deaminated catechols in rat brains was determined, following action of imipramine, desmethylimipramine, chlorpromazine, lithium chloride or cocaine. Following administration of imipramine, desmethylimipramine, and chlorpromazine, norepinephrine concentration decreased significantly at first, had distinctly increased 4.5 hours after imipramine and desmethylimipramine but was normal once again after chlorpromazine. Normetanephrine concentration increased after imipramine and desmethylimipramine but was unchanged after chlorpromazine. Under the effect of these drugs, the deaminated catechols showed no changes compared with control values. Cocaine resembled the antidepressants, but the amount of deaminated compounds was reduced. Lithium chloride, on the other hand, increased the concentration of deaminated catechols under certain conditions, reduced normetanephrine concentration but did not influence norepinephrine concentration. In addition to the animal experiments, the following data of six patients with an "endogenous" depression were recorded over a period of several weeks: the clinical findings by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the excretion of normetanephrine and of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in the urine before, during and after treatment with imipramine. The therapy led to a significant reduction of VMA; however, this reduction cannot be correlated with an improvement in the clinical findings. On the other hand, excretion of normetanephrine is apparently not dependent on the administration of imipramine but seems to reflect the clinical state, since improvement of the depression was regularly combined with an increased excretion of normetanephrine.
Amino acid substitutions Phe66—-Leu and Ser126—-Pro abolish cortisol and aldosterone synthesis by bovine cytochrome P450(11)beta (1990)

A cDNA clone encoding the complete protein sequence of the precursor form of bovine cytochrome P450(11)beta has been constructed using a combined technique of first strand cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. Upon expression of this cDNA in COS 1 cells the P450(11)beta is found to be proteolytically processed and localized in the mitochondrion. This cDNA encodes the major form of P450(11)beta found in bovine adrenal cortex (designated 11 beta-3; Kirita, S., Morohashi, K., Hashimoto, T., Yoshioka, H., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., and Omura, T. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 683-686) and is capable of catalyzing 11 beta-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and androstenedione in COS 1 cells as well as aldosterone synthesis from deoxycorticosterone. In addition, a second form of P450(11)beta (herein designated 11 beta-4), having no detectable 11 beta-hydroxylase activity or aldosterone synthase activity, was found in the local bovine population by this cloning procedure. These two forms of P450(11)beta (11 beta-3 and 11 beta-4) contain five amino acid differences between them, all located within the amino-terminal half of the molecules. By changing 2 of the amino acids in the inactive form to the corresponding amino acids in the active form (Leu66----Phe and Pro126----Ser) both 11 beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthetase activities were completely restored. Neither of these changes alone led to detectable activity. Thus, upon expression in mitochondria of heterologous cells, bovine P450(11)beta catalyzes both 11 beta-hydroxylation and aldosterone synthesis as reported previously for the purified enzyme in an in vitro reconstituted system, and Phe66 and Ser126 seem to be important residues in maintaining both activities.
Exact temperature tracking for hyperthermia: a model-based approach (2000)

In this paper, the inverse dynamics method for generating feedforward inputs and reference trajectories to achieve exact tracking for general linear time-invariant MIMO systems is explicitly derived. The method is applied to the task of generating input powers to achieve exact temperature tracking at multiple locations within a tumor during hyperthermia treatments. A number of important issues are considered: 1) robustness of the control schemes to parameter variation; 2) effect of additive sensor and actuator noise; 3) effect of using reduced order model estimators; and 4) effect of fast desired trajectories on the accuracy of output tracking. The inverse dynamics method is shown to be significantly more accurate when fast trajectories are desired. The results of this simulation study show that model-based inverse dynamics control is promising for clinical application. In addition, the inverse dynamics method derived can also be applied to other general linear MIMO systems.
Chalkiness in Rice: Potential for Evaluation with Image Analysis (2007)

Chalkiness is a major concern in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) breeding because it is one of the key factors in determining quality and price. Evaluation of chalkiness is traditionally performed by human visual inspection, and there is no standard objective method to effectively classify chalky grains into different categories. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of image information processing with an inexpensive personal computer and a digital image scanner to measure and categorize chalkiness and assessed the method's viability as an alternative to human visual assessment. A support vector machine based on the image data generated an accuracy rate of 90.2% in discriminating the level of chalkiness, and principal‐components analysis of the image data provided new quantitative variables related to the location and degree of chalkiness with much greater accuracy than was previously possible. These results indicate that image processing may be a useful tool for evaluating the chalkiness of rice in scientific research and breeding programs.
Line Waves in Non-Hermitian Metasurfaces (2020)

Planar junctions between reactive surface impedances with dual character (capacitive/inductive) can sustain line waves localized both in-plane and out-of-plane around the discontinuity, which propagate unattenuated along one-dimensional paths. Due to their attractive properties, these waves are of potential interest in applications ranging from integrated photonics to optical sensing. Here, we introduce and explore a non-Hermitian platform supporting these exotic modes based on parity–time symmetry. Specifically, we show that line waves can occur in the presence of a uniform surface reactance (either capacitive or inductive) and a symmetric resistance discontinuity from negative to positive values (i.e., gain and loss). We study analytically and numerically the propagation properties of these waves and the underlying physical mechanisms and also illustrate their intriguing properties in terms of confinement, reconfigurability, spin-momentum locking and lasing. Finally, we address possible practical implementations based on photoexcited graphene. Our results hold intriguing potentials for applications in flat optics and reconfigurable photonics.
Dipyridinium bis(hydrogen oxalate)–oxalic acid (1986)

CsH6N+.2C2HO$.C 2H204, M r= 428-4, monoclinic, P21/n, a=3.725 (1), b=8.908 (2), c= 26.842(4)A, B=92.94(2) o, I/=889.5(6)A 3, Z=2,
Evaluating the Use of Existing Data Sources, Probabilistic Linkage, and Multiple Imputation to Build Population‐based Injury Databases Across Phases of Trauma Care (2012)

This project demonstrates the feasibility and describes the process of constructing population-based injury databases across multiple phases of care using existing data sources and commonly available analytic methods. Attention to key linkage variables and decisions for handling missing values can be used to increase match rates between data sources, minimize bias, and preserve sampling design.
Segmental relaxation and molecular structure in polybutadienes and polyisoprene (1991)

ABSTRACT The glass transition dispersion in the mechanical spectrum was measured for polybutadienes of various vinyl content and for polyisoprene. The breadths of spectra were found to parallel the concentration of pendant vinyl groups on the main chain. Consistent with results on many other materials, the shape of the spectra were well described by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function; consequently, the segmental relaxation behavior can be specified by the dependence of the fractional exponent on molecular structure. It was determined that the spectral shapes correlate with the temperature dependence of the time-tem-perature shift factors. Specifically, segmental relaxations that are more intermolecularly cooperative exhibit larger shift factors, indicating a relationship between time and temperature dependencies. The spectral bandwidths were not associated with structural diversity within the polymer backbone. The behavior can be interpreted using the coupling model of relaxation. This model identifies the origin of the Kohlrausch form for the spectral dispersion and provides a plausible physical picture. The model&amp;apos;s prediction of a correspondence between the spectralshape and the temperature dependence of the shift factors is corroborated. Introduction in the transition zone only at longer times. Near their glass transition temperature, polymers exhibit a dispersion in their mechanical response. Independently
Probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052) Reduce the Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Mice with Alcoholic Liver Disease (2015)

Alcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was down-regulated by probiotics in the normal and high-fat diet groups. Probiotics, KRG, and urushiol might be effective in the treatment of ALD by regulating the gut-liver axis.
The Attack on Health and Science Institutions (2021)

Abstract One of our most trusted sources of accurate scientific information has always been the federal and international scientific regulatory agencies charged with protecting and improving our health and safety. These include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). After being chronically underfunded for many years, these agencies have been assaulted by anti-science forces within the previous United States federal administration. Today, many people have lost what was once a very high level of confidence in these agencies. It will be a difficult, but far from impossible, task for a new federal administration to restore them to the positions of trust they once held.