gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation optics (2011)

Metamaterials are artificial materials with versatile properties that can be tailored to fit almost any practical need and thus go well beyond what can be obtained with `natural' materials. Recent progress in developing optical metamaterials allows unprecedented extreme control over the flow of light at both the nano- and macroscopic scales. The innovative field of transformation optics, which is enabled by metamaterials, inspired researchers to take a fresh look at the very foundations of optics and helped to create a new paradigm for the science of light. Similar to general relativity, where time and space are curved, transformation optics shows that the space for light can also be bent in an almost arbitrary way. Most importantly, the optical space can be designed and engineered, opening up the fascinating possibility of controlling the flow of light with nanometer spatial precision. This new paradigm enables a number of novel optical devices guiding how, using metamaterials, the space for light can be curved in a pre-designed and well-controlled way. Metamaterials which incorporate the innovative theories of transformation optics are pertinent to the important areas of optical cloaking, optical black holes, super-resolution imaging, and other sci-fi-like devices. One such exciting device is an electromagnetic cloak that can bend light around itself, similar to the flow of water around a stone, making invisible both the cloak and the object hidden inside. Another important application is a flat hyperlens that can magnify the nanometer-scale features of an object that cannot be resolved with conventional optics. This could revolutionize the field of optical imaging, for instance, because such a meta-lens could become a standard add-on tool for microscopes. By enabling nanoscale resolution in optical microscopy, metamaterial-based transformation optics could allow one to literally see extremely small objects with the eye, including biological cells, viruses, and possibly even DNA molecules. Light-concentrating devices, such as the optical black hole, can be used for efficient solar light collection in photovoltaic elements for renewable energy. With the dramatic advances in micro- and nanofabrication methods, we are presented with the opportunity to control light in a way that was not possible with the materials provided to us by nature. In an artificial pattern of sub-wavelength elements, the propagation of electromagnetic energy can be defined by an equivalent spatial and spectral dispersion of effective dielectric and magnetic properties. These synthetic structures, which can be fabricated with a desired spatial distribution of effective permittivity (r) and permeability μ(r), offer a unique potential to guide and control the flow of electromagnetic energy in such an engineered optical space. No longer are we constrained by the electromagnetic response of natural materials and their chemical compounds. Instead, we can tailor the shape and size of the structural units of the metamaterials, or tune their composition and morphology to provide new functionality.
A phase 1 open‐label trial shows that smad7 antisense oligonucleotide (GED0301) does not increase the risk of small bowel strictures in Crohn's disease (2012)

Short-term treatment of patients with Crohn's disease using GED0301 is not associated with the development of small bowel stricture, thus reinforcing the concept that this drug is safe at least at early time points.
Effects of a High Fat High Cholesterol diet on brain lipid profiles in APOE ε3 and ε4 knock-in mice (2013)

Please see AD/PD 2013 Abstact book.
The cognitive and hedonic costs of dwelling on achievement-related negative experiences: Implications for enduring happiness and unhappiness. (2011)

Increasing evidence suggests that multiple cognitive and motivational processes underlie individual differences in happiness (Lyubomirsky, 2001, 2008). One behavior that is associated with (un)happiness is self-reflection or dwelling. We hypothesized that unhappy individuals would be inclined to dwell about themselves, and that this behavior would have a variety of adverse consequences. Three studies tested the prediction that, unlike their happier peers, unhappy participants would be sensitive to unfavorable achievement feedback, likely to dwell about its implications and, hence, show impaired attention during important academic tasks. The results of Studies 1 and 2 showed that unhappy participants who had "failed" relative to peers subsequently displayed increased interfering thoughts; spent the most time performing a portion of the graduate record examination; and later demonstrated impaired reading comprehension. Study 3 experimentally induced versus inhibiting dwelling and found that the manipulation only impacted unhappy students. Implications of our results for the consequences of dwelling for work and social functioning, as well as for detracting from enduring happiness, are discussed.
Gas image enhancement based on adaptive time-domain filtering and morphology (2011)

The fingerprint region of most gases is within 3 to 14&#956;m. A mid-wave or long-wave infrared thermal imager is therefore commonly applied in gas detection. With further influence of low gas concentration and heterogeneity of infrared focal plane arrays, the image has numerous drawbacks. These include loud noise, weak gas signal, gridding, and dead points, all of which are particularly evident in sequential images. In order to solve these problems, we take into account the characteristics of the leaking gas image and propose an enhancement method based on adaptive time-domain filtering with morphology. The adaptive time-domain filtering which operates on time sequence images is a hybrid method combining the recursive filtering and mean filtering. It segments gas and background according to a selected threshold; removes speckle noise according to the median; and removes background domain using weighted difference image. The morphology method can not only dilate the gas region along the direction of gas diffusion to greatly enhance the visibility of the leakage area, but also effectively remove the noise, and smooth the contour. Finally, the false color is added to the gas domain. Results show that the gas infrared region is effectively enhanced.
In Vitro Functional Gut-Like Organ Formation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2002)

ES cells can differentiate into a functional gut-like organ in vitro that exhibits physiological and morphological properties characteristic of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This ES cell-derived gut provides a powerful tool for studying GI motility and gut development in vitro, and has potential for elucidating and treating a variety of motility disorders.
Pirfenidone and Nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Real-life experience in an Italian referral centre (2018)

This study emphasizes that both antifibrotic drugs appeared to be a good therapeutic choice in terms of functional stabilization, also in older patients.
Angular and intensity dependence of NQR remote explosive detection (2007)

The anglar dependence of emitted NQR signal intensity from a polycrystalline hexamethylenetetramine has been investigated. Measurement from the radial direction reveals that the NQR signal from a long column sample showed a very inhomogeneous radiation pattern which has strong signal along the direction of the excitation and few along the perpendicular direction from the excitation axis. A series of measurement by a receiver set face to face to the sample at every 10° from 0° to 350° from the excitation direction revealed that the signal intensity measured has a trigonometric divergence. This is useful to design an antenna coil of a landmine detector to get strong NQR signal remotely.
On-orbit performance of the MIPS instrument (2004)

The Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) provides long wavelength capability for the mission, in imaging bands at 24, 70, and 160 microns and measurements of spectral energy distributions between 52 and 100 microns at a spectral resolution of about 7%. By using true detector arrays in each band, it provides both critical sampling of the Spitzer point spread function and relatively large imaging fields of view, allowing for substantial advances in sensitivity, angular resolution, and efficiency of areal coverage compared with previous space far-infrared capabilities. The Si:As BIB 24 micron array has excellent photometric properties, and measurements with rms relative errors of 1% or better can be obtained. The two longer wavelength arrays use Ge:Ga detectors with poor photometric stability. However, the use of 1.) a scan mirror to modulate the signals rapidly on these arrays, 2.) a system of on-board stimulators used for a relative calibration approximately every two minutes, and 3.) specialized reduction software result in good photometry with these arrays also, with rms relative errors of less than 10%.
TalkSumm: A Dataset and Scalable Annotation Method for Scientific Paper\n Summarization Based on Conference Talks (2019)

Currently, no large-scale training data is available for the task of\nscientific paper summarization. In this paper, we propose a novel method that\nautomatically generates summaries for scientific papers, by utilizing videos of\ntalks at scientific conferences. We hypothesize that such talks constitute a\ncoherent and concise description of the papers' content, and can form the basis\nfor good summaries. We collected 1716 papers and their corresponding videos,\nand created a dataset of paper summaries. A model trained on this dataset\nachieves similar performance as models trained on a dataset of summaries\ncreated manually. In addition, we validated the quality of our summaries by\nhuman experts.\n
Three-dimensional lattice logic circuits, Part III: Solving 3D volume congestion problem (2005)

This part is a continuation of the first and second parts of my paper. In a previous work, symmetry indices have been related to regular logic circuits for the realization of logic functions. In this paper, a more general treatment that produces 3D regular lattice circuits using operations on symmetry indices is presented. A new decomposition called the Iterative Symmetry Indices Decomposition (ISID) is implemented for the 3D design of lattice circuits. The synthesis of regular two-dimensional circuits using ISID has been introduced previously, and the synthesis of area-specific circuits using ISID has been demonstrated. The new multiple-valued ISID algorithm can have several applications such as: (1) multi-stage decompositions of multiple valued logic functions for various lattice circuit layout optimizations, and (2) the new method is useful for the synthesis of ternary functions using three-dimensional regular lattice circuits whenever volume-specific layout constraints have to be satisfied.
Identification of the Integral Membrane Protein RM3/1 on Human Monocytes as a Glucocorticoid-Inducible Member of the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Family (CD163) (1998)

The RM3/1 Ag is a membrane glycoprotein restricted to human monocytes and macrophages that evolve in the late phase of inflammation. Peptide sequence analysis of the RM3/1 protein revealed similarity to CD163, a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family. Using specific Abs (RM3/1, Ki-M8), we demonstrate an identical cellular regulation for the RM3/1 and the CD163 protein. Most notably, we show for the first time that CD163 is significantly up-regulated by glucocorticoids. In contrast, the protein is down-regulated by the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A and by phorbol esters, while the inflammatory mediator LPS has no significant influence on the expression. We describe the first isolation of a full-length cDNA of CD163 and expression of the corresponding protein. Several splice variants of CD163 exist, and we elucidated the kinetics of induction of three major mRNA splice variants by fluticasone propionate; another splice variant was proved to be unresponsive to this glucocorticoid. Taken together with a previous result showing an involvement of RM3/1 in adhesion of monocytes to the activated endothelium, we discuss that CD163 might play an important role in inflammatory processes.
Antibiotic export by MexB multidrug efflux transporter is allosterically controlled by a MexA-OprM chaperone-like complex (2020)

The tripartite multidrug efflux system MexAB-OprM is a major actor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance by exporting a large variety of antimicrobial compounds. Crystal structures of MexB and of its Escherichia coli homolog AcrB had revealed asymmetric trimers depicting a directional drug pathway by a conformational interconversion (from Loose and Tight binding pockets to Open gate (LTO) for drug exit). It remains unclear how MexB acquires its LTO form. Here by performing functional and cryo-EM structural investigations of MexB at various stages of the assembly process, we unveil that MexB inserted in lipid membrane is not set for active transport because it displays an inactive LTC form with a Closed exit gate. In the tripartite complex, OprM and MexA form a corset-like platform that converts MexB into the active form. Our findings shed new light on the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) cognate partners which act as allosteric factors eliciting the functional drug extrusion.
The formation of gigantic hollow silica spheres from an EO76–PO29–EO76/butanol/ethanol/H2O quaternary system (2004)

Gigantic hollow silica spheres with a hierarchical intra- and inter-particle porosity were obtained from an EO76–PO29–EO76/butanol/ethanol/H2O quaternary system, which is unique in its extremely rapid silica condensation and in the resulting hierarchical morphology.
Auditory Sound Transmission (2002)

Auditory Sound Transmission provides an integrated, state-of-the-art description and quantitative analysis of sound transmission from the outer ear to the sensory cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. It describes in detail the structures and mechanisms involved and gives their input and transmission characteristics. It shows how sound transmission in one part of the ear depends on the input characteristics of the next part and how sound is analyzed in the inner ear before it reaches the nervous system. The book is divided into seven chapters. The first gives the general overview of the path of sound in the ear. The second concerns the acoustics of the outer ear which is important not only for sound transmission in the ear but also for the design and calibration of earphones, as well as for clinical and research measurements of sound pressure in the ear canal. The third chapter analyzes the middle ear function which is crucial for adapting the conditions of sound propagation in the air to those in the inner ear fluids. The middle ear is prone to various malfunctions, and it is shown how they change the acoustic conditions measured in the ear canal and can be diagnosed on this basis. The next three chapters are dedicated to the most intricate mechanical part of the auditory system, the cochlea. Because of its complexity, its function is explained in three steps: first, with the help of simplifications produced by death; second, on the basis of the measured characteristics of the live organ; third, with the help of quantitative analysis. The last chapter describes cochlear mechanisms underlying pitch and loudness perception.
Prevention of adhesions to polypropylene mesh1 (2004)

1) Sepramesh alone reduces polypropylene mesh adhesions by roughly three-quarters. 2) Sepramesh plus Seprafilm nearly eliminates such visceral adhesions. 3) Mesothelial cell coverage of polypropylene mesh confers adhesion resistance.
Numerical Investigations of Detonation Induced by Implosion Flame in Resonator Cavity (2007)

Based on the two-dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations coupling with chemical reactions,the phenomena of implosion combustion for hydrogen-air mixture were numerically studied by using wave propagation algorithm with Superbee limiter in resonator cavity.The effects of resonator shapes on initiation and detonation were discussed.Results show that the shock wave induced by combustion firstly reflected back and forth from walls and the axis of the resonator cavity,which led to multiple the shock-flame interactions and enhanced the flame combustion.Then the reflected shock wave produced by the parabolic reflector in resonator cavity frequently penetrated the flame,which led to continuous flame excitation.Finally,DDT occurred.Simultaneously,the repeated shock-flame interactions caused the instability and distortion of the flame,and then formed asymmetrical collapsing of the flame front.The different shapes of reflector caused the change of focus,which could influence the shock-flame interaction and made detonation onset change,even not occurred.
Estrogen receptor beta as a prognostic factor in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)

In this study, we showed that IHC ERβ status, rather than mRNA levels, is a prognostic factor that is associated with DFS and OS in breast cancer patients. The prognostic value of ERβ may be higher in ERα-negative patients than in ERα-positive patients.
Injection molding of medical plastics: A review (1994)

Abstract Given the tight competition in the area of plastics for medical applications, the requirements for consistent quality, standardized, safe, and low‐cost medical components have become a big challenge for molders. The survival of injection molding companies for medical applications depends strongly on the success of design, manufacturing, and marketing strategies that different companies have established to meet these requirements. Very often, the design and manufacturing operations to produce medical plastics for the health‐care market have to be adjusted on a daily basis in order to satisfy increasingly strict, government‐regulated, biomedical requirements in addition to all the other pressures expected in this market. As a result, molders of medical plastics are always seeking more systematic ways to improve product quality and produce more at a minimum cost. This brings an advantage to those processors that can combine high‐tech molding with low‐cost production. In this article, based on the open literature, we present a review of the latest activities (last decade) in the field of injection molding of medical plastics together with some comments on modern injection molding processes that can be used. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Blind docking of drug‐sized compounds to proteins with up to a thousand residues (2006)

Blind docking was introduced for the detection of possible binding sites and modes of peptide ligands by scanning the entire surface of protein targets. In the present study, the method is tested on a group of drug-sized compounds and proteins with up to a thousand amino acid residues. Both proteins from complex structures and ligand-free proteins were used as targets. Robustness, limitations and future perspectives of the method are discussed. It is concluded that blind docking can be used for unbiased mapping of the binding patterns of drug candidates.
Prazosin-Related Compounds. Effect of Transforming the Piperazinylquinazoline Moiety into an Aminomethyltetrahydroacridine System on the Affinity for α1-Adrenoreceptors (2003)

In a search for structurally new alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor (alpha(1)-AR) antagonists, prazosin (1)-related compounds 2-11 were synthesized and their affinity profiles were assessed by functional experiments in isolated rat vas deferens (alpha(1A)), spleen (alpha(1B)), and aorta (alpha(1D)) and by binding assays in CHO cells expressing human cloned alpha(1)-AR subtypes. Transformation of the piperazinylquinazoline moiety of 1 into an aminomethyltetrahydroacridine system afforded compound 2, endowed with reduced affinity, in particular for the alpha(1A)-AR subtype. Then, to investigate the optimal features of the tricyclic moiety, the aliphatic ring of 2 was modified by synthesizing the lower and higher homologues 3 and 4. An analysis of the pharmacological profile, together with a molecular modeling study, indicated the tetrahydroacridine moiety as the most promising skeleton for alpha(1)-antagonism. Compounds 5-8, where the replacement of the furoyl group of 2 with a benzoyl moiety afforded the possibility to evaluate the effect of the substituent trifluoromethyl on receptor binding, resulted, except for 7, in a rather surprising selectivity toward alpha(1B)-AR, in particular vs the alpha(1A) subtype. Also the insertion of the 2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl function of WB 4101 on the tetrahydroacridine skeleton of 2, and/or the replacement of the aromatic amino function with a hydroxy group, affording derivatives 9-11, resulted in alpha(1B)-AR selectivity also vs the alpha(1D) subtype. On the basis of these results, the tetrahydroacridine moiety emerged as a promising tool for the characterization of the alpha(1)-AR, owing to the receptor subtype selectivity achieved by an appropriate modification of the lateral substituents.
A Feasibility Review for an Uneven Baseline Basis Minimal Ballast Ship (2020)

MIBS), Non ballast water ship (NOBS), ballast water treatment system (BWTS)
High Frequency Titration. IX (1953)

High frequency titration of organic bases and amino acids in non-aqueous solution was carried out and good results were obtained. The apparatus used was the one described in the previous report, the solvent used was a mixture of benzene, methanol, and glacial acetic acid, and the titration was made with 0.1N acetic acid solution of HClO4. Titration could be carried out with methanol content of 20-45%. Glacial acetic acid was used in 2-10cc. amount when it was needed for dissolving a compound, glacial acetic acid containing 1-9% of water being satisfactory, but its use is not essential. The use of over 99.8% glacial acetic acid was found to cause acetylation that the foregoing hydrous acid seemed to give a better result. The titration was possible when the dissociation constant of a base in aqueous solution is approximately 10-10, but not under 10-12. The apparent dissociation constants of the bases of amino acids are generally under 10-12, but they were satisfactorily titrated. Amino acids that are insoluble in methanol or hydrous acetic acid were dissolved in a known excess of HClO4 normal solution and back-titrated with 0.1N glacial acetic acid solution of Na2CO3 (present as CH3COONa). The amount of samples used was 4-130mg., and the concentration of the solution to be titrated was 3.6×10-4 to 2×10-2 moles. The present method, which uses a large amount of methanol or a slightly hydrated glacial acetic acid, seems to be inconsistent with the existing method of titrating in non-aqueous solutions but it bases the change in conductivity and is different from the usual methods which depend on hydrogen ion activity.
Challenges in Developing Electrodes, Electrolytes, and Diagnostics Tools to Understand and Advance Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2018)

Abstract Considering the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received much attention for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage. However, smart structure design strategies and good mechanistic understanding are required to enable advanced SIBs with high energy density. In recent years, the exploration of advanced cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials, as well as advanced diagnostics have been extensively carried out. This review mainly focuses on the challenging problems for the attractive battery materials (i.e., cathode, anode, and electrolytes) and summarizes the latest strategies to improve their electrochemical performance as well as presenting recent progress in operando diagnostics to disclose the physics behind the electrochemical performance and to provide guidance and approaches to design and synthesize advanced battery materials. Outlook and perspectives on the future research to build better SIBs are also provided.