gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rejection of a Coherent Arrival at an Array (1969)

Analysis is presented for the enhancement of a plane-wave signal at an acoustic array relative to noise of which a part is also a plane wave from another direction. The process considered (described in the preceding paper) employs conventional beam forming to estimate the interfering plane-wave form, which is then removed at each element by subtraction. Removal of interference by more than one plane wave, and the relation to optimum beam forming, are briefly considered.
Solution Dynamics of Hybrid Anderson–Evans Polyoxometalates (2021)

Understanding the stability and speciation of metal-oxo clusters in solution is essential for many of their applications in different areas. In particular, hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates (HPOMs) have been attracting increasing attention as they combine the complementary properties of organic ligands and metal-oxygen nanoclusters. Nevertheless, the speciation and solution behavior of HPOMs have been scarcely investigated. Hence, in this work, a series of HPOMs based on the archetypical Anderson-Evans structure, δ-[MnMo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>{(OCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>C-R}<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>, with different functional groups (R = -NH<sub>2</sub>, -CH<sub>3</sub>, -NHCOCH<sub>2</sub>Cl, -N═CH(2-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N) {pyridine; -Pyr}, and -NHCOC<sub>9</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N<sub>2</sub>OS {biotin; -Biot}) and countercations (tetrabutylammonium {TBA}, Li, Na, and K) were synthesized, and their solution behavior was studied in detail. In aqueous solutions, decomposition of HPOMs into the free organic ligand, [MoO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, and free Mn<sup>3+</sup> was observed over time and was shown to be highly dependent on the pH, temperature, and nature of the ligand functional group but largely independent of ionic strength or the nature of the countercation. Furthermore, hydrolysis of the amide and imine bonds often present in postfunctionalized HPOMs was also observed. Hence, HPOMs were shown to exhibit highly dynamic behavior in solution, which needs to be carefully considered when designing HPOMs, particularly for biological applications.
Chromosome Painting in Cultivated Bananas and Their Wild Relatives (Musa spp.) Reveals Differences in Chromosome Structure (2020)

Edible banana cultivars are diploid, triploid, or tetraploid hybrids, which originated by natural cross hybridization between subspecies of diploid <i>Musa acuminata</i>, or between <i>M. acuminata</i> and diploid <i>Musa balbisiana</i>. The participation of two other wild diploid species <i>Musa schizocarpa</i> and <i>Musa textilis</i> was also indicated by molecular studies. The fusion of gametes with structurally different chromosome sets may give rise to progenies with structural chromosome heterozygosity and reduced fertility due to aberrant chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation. Only a few translocations have been classified on the genomic level so far, and a comprehensive molecular cytogenetic characterization of cultivars and species of the family Musaceae is still lacking. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-arm-specific oligo painting probes was used for comparative karyotype analysis in a set of wild <i>Musa</i> species and edible banana clones. The results revealed large differences in chromosome structure, discriminating individual accessions. These results permitted the identification of putative progenitors of cultivated clones and clarified the genomic constitution and evolution of aneuploid banana clones, which seem to be common among the polyploid banana accessions. New insights into the chromosome organization and structural chromosome changes will be a valuable asset in breeding programs, particularly in the selection of appropriate parents for cross hybridization.
Physiological and x-ray studies of potential antisickling agents. (1983)

Several aromatic compounds have been found to inhibit the gelling of sickle cell hemoglobin. We have tried to correlate the antigelling activity of such compounds with the stereo-chemistry of their binding sites in the hemoglobin molecule. This approach led to the discovery that two known antilipoproteinemia drugs, clofibrate and gemfibrozil, have antigelling activity. X-ray analysis showed that three pairs of molecules of clofibric acid, the active metabolite of clofibrate, bound to the walls of the internal cavity of deoxyhemoglobin A; only one pair bound to a quite different site, between helices A, E, and H of the alpha chains of carbon monoxide hemoglobin A. Unlike other antigelling agents, clofibric acid and related compounds decrease rather than increase the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin.
Clinically Pertinent Factors/Observations Affecting Percutaneous Absorption in Humans (2021)

At least 20 clinically relevant factors affect percutaneous absorption of drugs and chemicals: relevant physicochemical properties, vehicle/formulation, drug exposure conditions (dose, duration, surface area, exposure frequency), skin appendages (hair follicles, glands) as subanatomical pathways, skin application sites (regional variation in penetration), population variability (premature, infants, and aged), skin surface conditions (hydration, temperature, pH), skin health and integrity (trauma, skin diseases), substantivity and binding to different skin components, systemic distribution and systemic toxicity, stratum corneum exfoliation, washing off and washing in, rubbing/massaging, transfer to others (human to human and hard surface to human), volatility, metabolic biotransformation/cutaneous metabolism, photochemical transformation and photosensitivity, excretion kinetics, lateral spread, and chemical method of determining percutaneous absorption.
Preparation of high performance PET fiber by solution spinning technique (1995)

Abstract High molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET, IV = 3.30 dL/g) was extruded in attempts to prepare high performance fiber using the solution spinning method. Solution preparation, fiber coagulation, and mechanical properties of resultant fibers were examined. An as‐spun fiber exhibited high deformability when appropriate coagulation conditions were used. Tenacity and modulus of the resultant drawn fibers achieved 12.9 and 230 gpd, respectively, at draw ratio above 10. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Object Detection for Similar Appearance Objects Based on Entropy (2019)

In order to detect objects with similar appearance more accurately, we propose an object detection algorithm with entropy loss. Applying entropy loss makes detector predicts the class of detected bounding boxes more robust with high score probability. It also leads to decrease of confidence loss. Therefore, the detection performance for similar objects is improved. We reconstructed the dataset from previous two datasets to evaluate our method, implemented experiments, and obtained high performance gain. In addition, we conducted an analysis of the score distribution for detected objects and the other loss terms, in order to observe the effects of applying entropy loss.
Automated indoor RFID inventorying using a self-guided micro-aerial vehicle (2014)

A Micro-Aerial Vehicle (MAV) system is presented for automated indoor inventorying using passive radio frequency identification (RFID). This system utilizes a combination of onboard sensing and processing in order to achieve flight stabilization, generate floor maps, and perform path planning. The proposed state estimation method along with a control feedback strategy are demonstrated to be sufficiently accurate for operation in the indoor environment and the proposed path planning technique is shown to be effective for guiding the MAV while it performs automated RFID scanning.
Dietary vitamin E supplementation ameliorates renal injury in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy. (1995)

Chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy (PAN) is an experimental analog of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Progressive renal damage in this model is partly mediated by excessive production of oxidant species. Whether dietary supplementation with vitamin E, an endogenous lipophilic antioxidant, ameliorates the severity of chronic PAN was tested. PAN was induced by seven serial injections of the glomerular epithelial cell toxin puromycin aminonucleoside, 2 mg/100 g body wt per dose, over a 12-wk period. Experimental animals (N = 8) received vitamin E-enriched chow (100 IU/kg), whereas control PAN rats (N = 10) were fed standard rodent diet containing vitamin E (30 IU/kg of chow). The administration of vitamin E had no effect on somatic growth or blood pressure; however, rats with PAN fed the vitamin E-enriched diet had an increased hematocrit. In addition, the experimental diet resulted in a 50% reduction in urinary total protein and albumin excretion and stabilization of the serum albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.01). The inulin clearance was 69% higher in the vitamin E-supplemented animals (P < 0.001). Tubular function, namely, phosphate reabsorption and beta 2-microglobulin excretion, was improved in rats with chronic PAN treated with the vitamin E-enriched diet. There was a significant decrease in glomerulosclerosis and glomerular planar area, and tubulointerstitial scarring was diminished in vitamin E-treated animals with chronic PAN (P < 0.01). These beneficial effects on renal structure and function were associated with reduced malondialdehyde content in the kidney and liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo drug metabolizing enzymes: evaluation of caffeine, oestrone and chlorzoxazone metabolism (1996)

Ingestion of cruciferous vegetables may prevent chemically induced carcinogenesis by their influence on specific cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in humans and rodents. Thus CYP enzymes are involved in transformation of procarcinogens, mutagens, steroid hormones and a large variety of other endogenous and exogenous components. In order to learn more about the influence of cruciferous vegetables on drug metabolizing enzymes in man two CYP enzymes previously suggested to be induced by vegetables were selected in an in vivo experiment in humans. Sixteen healthy non-smoking subjects, two females and 14 males, were exposed to three different types of diets and afterwards assayed for CYP1A2 catalysed caffeine metabolites and for CYP2E1 catalysed 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone. Further, 2-hydroxyoestrone:16 alpha-hydroxylation ratios were determined in urine by means of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. The three dietary periods were: (A) a customary home diet; (B) a 6 day standard diet avoiding well-known dietary inducers and inhibitors of CYP; (C) a 12 day dietary supplement to the standard diet of 500 g/day broccoli. The average 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone:chlorzoxazone ratio decreased by 21% (P < 0.05) after diet B compared with diet A in a 2 h plasma sample after ingestion of 500 mg chlorzoxazone. The ratio increased by 19% after diet C, however, this was not statistically significant. The caffeine metabolic ratio (CMR) was determined in urine 6 h after ingestion of 100 mg caffeine. The mean CMR increased by 5.5% when changing from diet A to diet B. When shifting to diet C the mean CMR increased a further 19% (P < 0.0005). The average 2-hydroxyoestrone:16 alpha-hydroxyoestrone ratio decreased by 1.3% when comparing diet A with diet B. Daily broccoli intake increased the ratio by 29.5% (P < 0.05). A low correlation of CMR with the 2-hydroxyoestrone:16 alpha-hydroxyoestrone ratio indicates that human CYP1A2 and other CYP enzymes involved in oestrone 2-hydroxylation are induced by dietary broccoli. On the other hand, the catalytic activity of CYP2E1 is not affected to the same degree by dietary broccoli.
Loss Analysis of High Power Stirling-Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler (2015)

For the purpose of cooling high-temperature superconductor (HTS) devices, such as superconductor motors, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and current fault limiters, cryocoolers should be compact in size, light-weight, and have high efficiency and reliability. In order to meet the demand of HTS devices world-wide, the cryocooler needs to have COP efficiency >0.1. We have developed a high power Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC) with an in-line expander. The experimental results were reported in June 2012[1]. The cooling capacity was 210 W at 77 K and the minimum temperature was 37 K when the compressor input power was 3.8 kW. Accordingly, the COP was about 0.055. To further improve the efficiency, the energy losses in the cryocooler were analyzed. The experimental results and the numerical calculation results are reported in this paper.
Electrochemical applications of the quartz crystal microbalance (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical applications of the quartz crystal microbalanceMark R. Deakin and Daniel A. ButtryCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 20, 1147A–1154APublication Date (Print):October 15, 1989Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 15 October 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00195a001Request reuse permissions Article Views2521Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bilateral feedback control of telemanipulators via computer network (2002)

Providing force information do a human operator improves the reality of teleoperation. When the communication block between a master and a slave has a transmission time delay, the bilateral feedback system is easily destabilized. Anderson and Spong (1989) guaranteed passivity in the communication block by using scattering transformation and overcame this instability caused by the time delay. This method can be applied to the communication block with constant time delay. Different from traditional teleoperation systems, the transmission time delay irregularly changes in a computer network. This paper reveals that the variable time delay destabilizes bilateral master slave manipulator with scattering transformation and proposes the virtual time delay method, that keeps the apparent time delay constant. This new compensation method has been implemented in a single axis master slave manipulator system connected to a computer network and experimental results illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Freisetzung gentechnisch veränderter Nutzpflanzen (1993)

Abstract Die Gentechnik mit Pflanzen hat in Deutschland in der Anwendung bisher einen minimalen Stellenwert. In der Grundlagenforschung dagegen wird eine Vielzahl von Projekten bearbeitet. Nur sehr wenige öffentliche Forschungsinstitute oder privatwirtschaftliche Labors (Chemische Industrie, Pflanzenzüchter) befassen sich mit einem potentiellen Transfer des Grundlagenwissens in die Anwendung für die Pflanzenzüchtung. Die Ursache für diese im internationalen Vergleich um Jahre hinterherhinkende Entwicklung in Deutschland ist zum einen im gesetzlichen Regelungsverfahren, zum anderen aber auch in einer noch relativ geringen Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung zu suchen.
Radiofrequency heating at 9.4T: In vivo temperature measurement results in swine (2007)

In vivo temperatures were correlated to the whole head average specific absorption rate (SAR(avg)) at 9.4T using 12 anesthetized swine (mean animal weight = 52 kg, standard deviation = 6.7 kg). Correlating the temperatures and SAR(avg) is necessary to ensure safe levels of human heating during ultra-high field MR exams. The temperatures were measured at three depths inside the brain, in the rectum, and at the head-skin of swine. A 400 MHz, continuous wave RF power was deposited to the head using a volume coil. The SAR(avg) values were varied between 2.7-5.8 W/kg. The RF power exposure durations were varied between 1.4-3.7 hr. To differentiate the temperature response caused by the RF from that of the anesthesia, the temperatures were recorded in four unheated swine. To study the effect of the spatial distribution of the RF and tissue properties, the temperature probes were placed at two brain locations (n = 4 swine for each location). Results showed that the in vivo brain temperatures correlated to the SAR(avg) in a geometry-dependent manner. Additionally, 1) the skin temperature change was not the maximum temperature change; 2) the RF heating caused an inhomogeneous brain temperature distribution; and 3) the maximum temperature occurred inside the brain.
N3-type ruthenium rigid rod dyes and N3-type ruthenium bifunctional dyes for studying solar cell properties (2013)

This thesis describes the synthesis and study of two types of ruthenium(II) bipyridyl complexes that were developed to study sensitization processes on TiO2 surfaces. The thesis will be separated into two parts: the synthesis, characterization, and study of rigid rod dyes to investigate Voc and recombination, and the synthesis and preliminary results of thiol-substituted dyes that were developed to study the influence of platinum catalysis on redox mediator processes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Rigid rod dyes, AK0, AK1, and AK2, a series of bis(bipyridyl) bis(thiocyanate) ruthenium(II) dyes (N3-type), were synthesized to study how dye structure affects voltage. Dyes AK0-2 were synthesized through a one-pot complexation reaction with modified dipyridyl ligands containing 0, 1, or 2 oligo(phenyleneethynylene) bridge units, respectively, to study the effect of the chromophore-semiconductor distance. The dyes were characterized and their photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties were studied in solution and on TiO2 films. In DSSCs, the dyes showed an increase in Voc due to decreased charge recombination rates with increasing semiconductor-chromophore distance. The recombination rate also showed decreased sensitivity to TiO2 electron concentrations as the chromophore-semiconductor distance increased. A second series of rigid-rod, N3-type dyes, AK3 and AK4, was synthesized through a two-step complexation process proceeding through isolation of a p-cymene ruthenium(II) intermediate. These dyes contained long, saturated alkyl chain (nonyl) substituents on the ancillary bipyridyl ligand, with the goal of increasing solubility and facilitating solution characterization. These dyes were characterized synthetically and currently are being studied for I2-adduct formation. The modified thiol dyes were targeted for studying the catalytic process of redox mediator regeneration. As platinum has been shown to catalyze the I-/I3- redox reaction, it was thought that by incorporating platinum nanoparticles into DSSCs the large overpotential for the I-/I3- redox mediator could be reduced. A modified N3-type dye was designed with carboxylic acid groups for anchoring to TiO2 in the DSSC on one bipyridyl ligand and thiols on the other for attachment to platinum. The synthesis of the novel thiolane bipyridyl ligand was followed by a two-step complexation process and both ligand and dye were successfully synthesized and characterized. The dye, AK6, shows positive current and efficiencies of approximately 3% when used as a sensitizer in an operational DSSC. It has also been shown to bind to platinum wire. These preliminary results suggest that this dye may allow for incorporation of platinum nanoparticles into the DSSC, which is currently being investigated.
Soft tissue sarcoma of the upper extremity (2002)

Soft tissue flap reconstruction facilitates therapy for patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the upper extremity, so that patients with larger tumors can undergo resection, limiting complications and limb sacrifice.
Sustained effects of ecstasy on the human brain: a prospective neuroimaging study in novel users (2008)

Previous studies have suggested toxic effects of recreational ecstasy use on the serotonin system of the brain. However, it cannot be excluded that observed differences between users and non-users are the cause rather than the consequence of ecstasy use. As part of the Netherlands XTC Toxicity (NeXT) study, we prospectively assessed sustained effects of ecstasy use on the brain in novel ecstasy users using repeated measurements with a combination of different neuroimaging parameters of neurotoxicity. At baseline, 188 ecstasy-naive volunteers with high probability of first ecstasy use were examined. After a mean period of 17 months follow-up, neuroimaging was repeated in 59 incident ecstasy users and 56 matched persistent ecstasy-naives and their outcomes were compared. Neuroimaging included [(123)I]beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (CIT) SPECT to measure serotonin transporter densities as indicators of serotonergic function; (1)H-MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to measure brain metabolites as indicators of neuronal damage; diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the diffusional motion of water molecules in the brain as indicators of axonal integrity; and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) to measure regional relative cerebral blood volume (rrCBV) which indicates brain perfusion. With this approach, both structural ((1)H-MRS and DTI) and functional ([(123)I]beta-CIT SPECT and PWI) aspects of neurotoxicity were combined. Compared to persistent ecstasy-naives, novel low-dose ecstasy users (mean 6.0, median 2.0 tablets) showed decreased rrCBV in the globus pallidus and putamen; decreased FA in thalamus and frontoparietal white matter; increased FA in globus pallidus; and increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the thalamus. No changes in serotonin transporter densities and brain metabolites were observed. These findings suggest sustained effects of ecstasy on brain microvasculature, white matter maturation and possibly axonal damage due to low dosages of ecstasy. Although we do not know yet whether these effects are reversible or not, we cannot exclude that ecstasy even in low doses is neurotoxic to the brain.
Efficient layered data transport over multicarrier systems using optimized embedded modulation (2002)

We tackle the problem of efficient layered or multiresolution (MR) data transmission over multicarrier modulation (MCM) systems. We treat the source as being characterized by multiple layers of importance, i.e., having different bit error rate (BER) requirements. First we consider the MCM systems in a multiresolution framework using multiplexing techniques. Then we present the idea of embedded multicarrier modulation (E-MCM) as an effective way of achieving this, and introduce a fast table-lookup-based power allocation algorithm that optimizes the multicarrier constellation design in terms of maximizing the deliverable throughput bit-rate, subject to a total power constraint. Simulation results of our E-MCM system reveal substantial gains (up to about 25%) in deliverable bit-rates over optimized time-division-multiplexed-based designs.
The effect of in vivo growth hormone treatment on blood gene expression in adults with growth hormone deficiency reveals potential biomarkers to monitor growth hormone therapy (2009)

This study shows that GH-dependent effects on gene expression in PBMCs can be detected by microarray-based gene analysis, and our results establish a foundation for the further exploration of peripheral blood as a surrogate to detect exposure to GH therapy.