gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtualized network infrastructure using OpenFlow (2010)

In this paper, we present an introduction to our architecture for a virtualized network infrastructure and explain its enabling technologies including OpenFlow and Network OS for integrated control plane. To enable easy innovation within network research area, infrastructure virtualization to share a physical infrastructure among researchers and an idea of having programmability in control plane have been paid much attention. For example, OpenFlow defines atomic behaviors for packet handing within each switching element and a protocol interface to manipulate such behaviors from a control server, thus users can program their own network behaviors by injecting their own control programs into the server. In the same way, other protocols may be combined for optical and wireless nodes, or for network measurement. In addition to network control, other components in an infrastructure, such as virtual machines or data storage, would be controllable in the same way. Therefore, by integrating such control interfaces and creating integrated control plane, we propose a basic idea for virtualized infrastructure on which infrastructure creators have their own virtual infrastructure instance coupled with their own control programs on their virtualized control plane. Since on the control plane, a variety of control programs of many creators are installed to control a variety of infrastructure components, and they sometimes cooperates for mashing-up, or are sometimes isolated for virtualization, the role of a platform software of the control plane can be complex but very important. In this paper, we propose a network OS as a platform for such integrated control plane. It can be regarded as an OpenFlow controller but is extended to control entire infrastructure including OpenFlow switches and other IT and network resources. We develop a service model associated with its data structure and control module, and a model to construct a virtual infrastructure by defining the connections among the services. Then, we briefly explain our research projects developed on the network OS.
A flexible adhesive surface electrode array capable of cervical electroneurography during a sequential autonomic stress challenge (2022)

This study introduces a flexible, adhesive-integrated electrode array that was developed to enable non-invasive monitoring of cervical nerve activity. The device uses silver-silver chloride as the electrode material of choice and combines it with an electrode array consisting of a customized biopotential data acquisition unit and integrated graphical user interface (GUI) for visualization of real-time monitoring. Preliminary testing demonstrated this electrode design can achieve a high signal to noise ratio during cervical neural recordings. To demonstrate the capability of the surface electrodes to detect changes in cervical neuronal activity, the cold-pressor test (CPT) and a timed respiratory challenge were employed as stressors to the autonomic nervous system. This sensor system recording, a new technique, was termed Cervical Electroneurography (CEN). By applying a custom spike sorting algorithm to the electrode measurements, neural activity was classified in two ways: (1) pre-to-post CPT, and (2) during a timed respiratory challenge. Unique to this work: (1) rostral to caudal channel position-specific (cephalad to caudal) firing patterns and (2) cross challenge biotype-specific change in average CEN firing, were observed with both CPT and the timed respiratory challenge. Future work is planned to develop an ambulatory CEN recording device that could provide immediate notification of autonomic nervous system activity changes that might indicate autonomic dysregulation in healthy subjects and clinical disease states.
An efficient enzymatic production of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine from crude chitin powders (2015)

In this study, we present an efficient affinity adsorption–enzymatic reaction integrated approach to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from crude chitin powders (CP). Chitinase was first purified from the crude enzyme mixture by affinity adsorption on the CP substrate, with ∼92.7% recovery of the enzyme achieved within 10 minutes in the presence of 20 g L−1 of CP under optimized conditions. The chitinase then efficiently converted 40 g L−1 of CP to 39.3 g L−1 of GlcNAc in a batch enzymatic reaction for 4 days, achieving nearly 100% conversion of the substrate CP. The product GlcNAc was easily separated from hydrolysates after destaining, concentrating, crystallizing and drying processes with a high purity of 98%. In addition, the chitinase can be conveniently reused for several batches by the affinity adsorption–enzymatic reaction approach, giving an average yield of 29.6 g L−1 of GlcNAc based on 30 g L−1 of CP as the substrate.
A Singular-Value-QR Decomposition Based Method for Training Fuzzy Logic Systems in Uncertain Environments (1997)

We extend the theory of nonsingleton fuzzy logic systems (NSFLSs) by presenting an algorithm to design and train such systems. Since NSFLSs are a generalization of singleton fuzzy logic systems, the algorithm is equally applicable to both types of systems. The proposed SVD-QR method selects subsets of independent basis functions which are sufficient to represent a given system, through operations on a nonsingleton fuzzy basis function matrix. In addition, it provides an estimate of the number of necessary basis functions. We present several examples to illustrate the ability of the SVD-QR method to operate in uncertain environments.
Traveling Waves of Circadian Gene Expression in Lettuce (2012)

The circadian clock controls many physiological states in plants by synchronization with environmental changes. The clock can be controlled artificially by imposing various light conditions in a closed system for plant cultivation. The plant circadian rhythm is formed by enormous self-sustained cellular circadian oscillators, so that the synchronization of circadian oscillators is of great importance to the formation of individual circadian rhythms. Therefore, the study of synchronization phenomena is important for precise control of the circadian rhythm. In this study, we have investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of circadian oscillators in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Bioluminescence of transgenic lettuce carrying a CCA1::LUC construct as a reporter of a circadian gene expression was measured in the leaf and root. We observed phase wave propagation in the leaf with a phase delay in the region of the primary vein, with the primary vein region showing lower amplitude than the other regions. Wave propagation occurred from the edge of the leaf inward. In addition, a striped wave traveled from the base to the tip along the roots, which were grown under continuous dark or light conditions. The features observed in the lettuce plants could be explained by phase oscillator models established in the study of Arabidopsis thaliana. The results of this study show the possibility of applying circadian clock control in a model plant for plant production.
Transient Characteristic of Fabricated Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) Programmed with CMOS Circuit (2010)

In this paper, it is shown that our fabricated MTJ of 60×180nm2, which is connected to the MOSFET in series by 3 levels via and 3 levels metal line, can dynamically operate with the programming current driven by 0.14µm CMOSFET. In our measurement of transient characteristic of fabricated MTJ, the pulse current, which is generated by the MOSFET with an applied pulse voltage of 1.5V to its gate, injected to the fabricated MTJ connected to the MOSFET in series. By using the current measurement technique flowing in MTJ with sampling period of 10nsec, for the first time, we succeeded in monitor that the transition speed of the resistance change of 60×180nm2 MTJ is less than 30ns with its programming current of 500µA and the resistance change of 1.2kΩ.
The aphid facultative symbiont Serratia symbiotica influences the foraging behaviors and the life-history traits of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (2021)

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) maintain intimate relationships with a variety of symbiotic bacteria that can be important drivers of their evolutionary ecology. In addition to the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may harbor a series of facultative symbionts that can affect their physiology, as they may be involved in heat resistance, nutrition, reproduction and defense against parasitoids. Since the presence of facultative symbionts in aphids can be disadvantageous for parasitoids, it is hypothesized that these insects have developed strategies to adjust their responses to the presence of these bacteria. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine whether the presence of the facultative symbiont Serratia symbiotica in the pea aphid Acyrtosiphum pisum affects the development and the life-history traits of the generalist parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Behavioral assays were also performed to determine whether the infection status of host aphids influences the foraging behavior of the parasitoids. It was showed that the presence of S. symbiotica had negative effects on the development and the life-history traits of emerging parasitoids. It was found that parasitoids preferentially orient themselves to uninfected aphid hosts, probably through chemical clues, and that they adjust their foraging behavior by investing more time in patches composed of uninfected aphid hosts. In light of these results, it is assumed that the presence of S. symbiotica alters host aphid quality, which in turn influences the choice of the female parasitoids for oviposition as well as the quality of the emerging parasitoids. This study highlights the ability of parasitoid wasps to modify their perception and behavior towards aphids infected with facultative symbionts and how these microorganisms interfere with host-parasite relationships.
1,3-Dialkyl-4-(iminoarylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ols. A series of novel potential antipsychotic agents (1987)

2-(Diethylamino)-N-[4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl] acetamide (1) was recently found to have an antipsychotic-like profile in behavioral animal tests but, unlike clinically available antipsychotic agents, did not interact with dopamine receptors. Compound 1 was apparently metabolized to (5-amino-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(2-fluorophenyl)methanone (2), which was both active in the behavioral animal tests and toxic. The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of 1,3-dialkyl-4-(iminoarylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ols are described in which the hydroxy and imine functionalities were selected as possible isosteric replacements for the amino and ketone groups of the earlier series. The initial target, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(iminophenylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ol (28), like known antipsychotics, reduced spontaneous locomotion in mice at doses that did not cause ataxia, and unlike known agents, it did not bind to D2 dopamine receptors in vitro. An examination of the SAR of related compounds indicated that maximal activity was obtained with analogues containing methyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions on the pyrazole ring and with a 3-chloro substituent on the phenyl ring. Replacement of the hydrogen atom of the imine moiety with various substituents led to loss of activity. Attempts to synthesize the 2-fluorophenyl compound analogous to 2 resulted in ring-closure to 1,3-dimethyl[1]benzopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4-(1H)-one (65). 4-[(3-Chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol (41) was evaluated in additional tests. It inhibited conditioned avoidance responding in both rats and monkeys but, unlike available antipsychotic drugs, did not elicit dystonic movements in a primate model of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects.
Zur Bestimmung der wahren Größe eines Objektes auf dem Hintergrund des lebenden Auges (1982)

A method is described which allows the real diameter of an object on the fundus to be determined by means of a system of curves which are the result of trigonometrical calculations and which give an approximate value; only a photograph of the fundus, a measurement of the ametropia and of the radius of the anterior surface of the cornea are required. The results can be corrected with a second graph, which makes use of the length of the optical axis of the eye.
Circadian clock‐ and phytochrome‐regulated transcription is conferred by a 78 bp cis‐acting domain of the Arabidopsis CAB2 promoter (1994)

The Arabidopsis CAB2 promoter was used to define the terminal genomic targets that are subject to regulation by the circadian clock. An in vivo cab::luciferase bioluminescent marker was used to enable the assaying of the expression of chimeric constructs with unprecedented sensitivity and time resolution in living seedlings. Dissection of -322 to +1 of the CAB2 promoter has revealed several interesting features: it was demonstrated that the 323 bp fragment contains at least one strong general positive element. The positive element contains an ACGT core sequence specifically bound by a protein activity, termed CUF-1, and contributes to high level expression but is not required for phytochrome- or circadian-regulation. Moreover, a 78 bp domain was defined that confers both circadian- and phytochrome-regulation upon heterologous promoters. Conserved GATA sequences within the 78 bp regulatory domain are specifically bound by a protein factor designated CGF-1. The binding specificity of CGF-1 appears to be related to the GT-family of trihelix DNA-binding proteins. The role of these DNA-protein interactions is discussed in terms of clock- and phytochrome regulation, and their relevance as targets for pathways defined by photomorphogenic mutants.
Block and graft copolymers of pivalolactone. 5. Graft copolymers from pivalolactone and isobutylene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlock and graft copolymers of pivalolactone. 5. Graft copolymers from pivalolactone and isobutyleneJ. F. Harris Jr. and W. H. SharkeyCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 12, 2903–2908Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00166a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00166a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Surface chemistry of atomic layer deposition: A case study for the trimethylaluminum/water process (2005)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a chemical vapor deposition technique based on sequential self-terminating gas–solid reactions, has for about four decades been applied for manufacturing conformal inorganic material layers with thickness down to the nanometer range. Despite the numerous successful applications of material growth by ALD, many physicochemical processes that control ALD growth are not yet sufficiently understood. To increase understanding of ALD processes, overviews are needed not only of the existing ALD processes and their applications, but also of the knowledge of the surface chemistry of specific ALD processes. This work aims to start the overviews on specific ALD processes by reviewing the experimental information available on the surface chemistry of the trimethylaluminum/water process. This process is generally known as a rather ideal ALD process, and plenty of information is available on its surface chemistry. This in-depth summary of the surface chemistry of one representative ALD process aims also to provide a view on the current status of understanding the surface chemistry of ALD, in general. The review starts by describing the basic characteristics of ALD, discussing the history of ALD—including the question who made the first ALD experiments—and giving an overview of the two-reactant ALD processes investigated to date. Second, the basic concepts related to the surface chemistry of ALD are described from a generic viewpoint applicable to all ALD processes based on compound reactants. This description includes physicochemical requirements for self-terminating reactions, reaction kinetics, typical chemisorption mechanisms, factors causing saturation, reasons for growth of less than a monolayer per cycle, effect of the temperature and number of cycles on the growth per cycle (GPC), and the growth mode. A comparison is made of three models available for estimating the sterically allowed value of GPC in ALD. Third, the experimental information on the surface chemistry in the trimethylaluminum/water ALD process are reviewed using the concepts developed in the second part of this review. The results are reviewed critically, with an aim to combine the information obtained in different types of investigations, such as growth experiments on flat substrates and reaction chemistry investigation on high-surface-area materials. Although the surface chemistry of the trimethylaluminum/water ALD process is rather well understood, systematic investigations of the reaction kinetics and the growth mode on different substrates are still missing. The last part of the review is devoted to discussing issues which may hamper surface chemistry investigations of ALD, such as problematic historical assumptions, nonstandard terminology, and the effect of experimental conditions on the surface chemistry of ALD. I hope that this review can help the newcomer get acquainted with the exciting and challenging field of surface chemistry of ALD and can serve as a useful guide for the specialist towards the fifth decade of ALD research.
Anomalous Penetration of a Magnetic Pulse into a Plasma (1972)

The penetration of a magnetic pulse into a cylindrical, field-free plasma has been studied under conditions where the penetration was determined by turbulent conductivity. The penetration time was found to vary as $\frac{{({M}_{i}{n}_{e})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{B}$, where ${M}_{i}$ is the ion mass, ${n}_{e}$ is electron density, and ${B}_{0}$ is peak amplitude of the applied magnetic field. This corresponds to a mean conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}\frac{{M}_{i}{n}_{e}}{B_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}}$. These results can not be accounted for by any present theoretical model.
Results from a 13-Year Prospective Cohort Study Show Increased Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Compared to Other Bacteria (2017)

The impact of bacterial species on outcome in bloodstream infections (BSI) is incompletely understood. We evaluated the impact of bacterial species on BSI mortality, with adjustment for patient, bacterial, and treatment factors. From 2002 to 2015, all adult inpatients with monomicrobial BSI caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> or Gram-negative bacteria at Duke University Medical Center were prospectively enrolled. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression with propensity score models were used to examine species-specific bacterial BSI mortality. Of the 2,659 enrolled patients, 999 (38%) were infected with <i>S. aureus</i>, and 1,660 (62%) were infected with Gram-negative bacteria. Among patients with Gram-negative BSI, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (81% [1,343/1,660]) were most commonly isolated, followed by non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (16% [262/1,660]). Of the 999 <i>S. aureus</i> BSI isolates, 507 (51%) were methicillin resistant. Of the 1,660 Gram-negative BSI isolates, 500 (30%) were multidrug resistant. The unadjusted time-to-mortality among patients with Gram-negative BSI was shorter than that of patients with <i>S. aureus</i> BSI (<i>P</i> = 0.003), due to increased mortality in patients with non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative BSI generally (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> BSI (<i>n</i> = 158) in particular (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). After adjustment for patient demographics, medical comorbidities, bacterial antibiotic resistance, timing of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and source control in patients with line-associated BSI, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> BSI remained significantly associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio = 1.435; 95% confidence interval = 1.043 to 1.933; <i>P</i> = 0.02). <i>P. aeruginosa</i> BSI was associated with increased mortality relative to <i>S. aureus</i> or other Gram-negative BSI. This effect persisted after adjustment for patient, bacterial, and treatment factors.
Neutralizing Antibody Activity Against the B.1.617.2 (delta) Variant Before and After a Third BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose in Hemodialysis Patients (2022)

Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for severe COVID-19, and impaired seroconversion rates have been demonstrated after COVID-19 vaccination. Humoral immunity wanes over time and variants of concern with immune escape are posing an increasing threat. Little is known about protection against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of concern in hemodialysis patients before and after third vaccination. We determined anti-S1 IgG, surrogate neutralizing, and IgG antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in 84 hemodialysis patients directly before and three weeks after a third vaccine dose with BNT162b2. Third vaccination was performed after a median (IQR) of 119 (109-165) days after second vaccination. In addition, neutralizing activity against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant was assessed in 31 seroconverted hemodialysis patients before and after third vaccination. Triple seropositivity for anti-S1 IgG, surrogate neutralizing, and anti-RBD antibodies increased from 31/84 (37%) dialysis patients after second to 80/84 (95%) after third vaccination. Neutralizing activity against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant was significantly higher after third vaccination with a median (IQR) ID<sub>50</sub> of 1:320 (1:160-1:1280) compared with 1:20 (0-1:40) before a third vaccine dose (<i>P</i><0.001). The anti-S1 IgG index showed the strongest correlation with the ID<sub>50</sub> against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant determined by live virus neutralization (r=0.91). We demonstrate low neutralizing activity against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant in dialysis patients four months after standard two-dose vaccination but a substantial increase after a third vaccine dose. Booster vaccination(s) should be considered earlier than 6 months after the second vaccine dose in immunocompromised individuals.
Rotary-linear axes for high speed machining (2001)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Increased Laser Damage Threshold in As2S3 Motheye Antireflective Structures (2014)

We computationally study the irradiance enhancement in As2S3 motheye structures. We show that enhancement in the glass is minimal, matching with experiments showing an increased laser damage threshold for motheye structures versus thin-film AR coatings.