gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Farklı yöntemlerle kurutularak elde edilen boza tozunun hamur reolojik ve ekmek kalitesi üzerine etkisi (2012)

Bu çalışmada, bozanın farklı yöntemlerle (hava sirkülasyonda ve vakum altında) kurutularak öğütülmesiyle elde edilen boza tozunun farklı % ikame oranlarının (0 (Kontrol), 2, 4 ve 8) hamur fiziksel, mikrobiyolojik ve reolojik özellikleri ve ekmek kalite kriterleri üzerinde etkileri belirlenmiştir.
Study, design and validation of integrated near-field probes for EMC investigation on a power hybrid structure (2004)

The paper concerns the first design study of integrated near-field probes close to IGBT chips, in order to access magnetic-field measurement into a complex power hybrid structure, close to IGBT chips. This work is then related to an EMC simulation methodology (X.VI.CE) according to the behavior of electromagnetic coupling, which should provide pertinent EMC investigations for future semiconductor power electronics design.
Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid (2019)

Herein, we synthesized P- and N-doped carbon materials (PN-doped carbon materials) through controlled phosphoric acid treatment (CPAT) of folic acid (FA) and probed their ability to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of a fuel cell. Precursors obtained by heating FA in the presence of phosphoric acid at temperatures of 400-1000 °C were further annealed at 1000 °C to afford PN-doped carbon materials. The extent of precursor P doping was maximized at 700 °C, and the use of higher temperatures resulted in activation and increased porosity rather than in increased P content. The P/C atomic ratios of PN-doped carbon materials correlated well with those of the precursors, which indicated that CPAT is well suited for the preparation of PN-doped carbon materials. The carbon material prepared using a CPAT temperature of 700 °C exhibited the highest ORR activity and was shown to contain -C-PO<sub>2</sub> and -C-PO<sub>3</sub> moieties as the major P species and pyridinic N as the major N species. Moreover, no N-P bonds were detected. It was concluded that the presence of -C-PO<sub>2</sub> and -C-PO<sub>3</sub> units decreases the work function and thus raises the Fermi level above the standard O<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O reduction potential, which resulted in enhanced ORR activity. Finally, CPAT was concluded to be applicable to the synthesis of PN-doped carbon materials from N-containing organic compounds other than FA.
Electrostatically controlled multi-purpose torsional structures obtained on monocrystalline silicon (1996)

Torsional structures have been obtained from Si wafers using the four-electrode electrochemical etch-stop and silicon - glass bonding techniques. The fabrication process is very simple and is totally compatible with CMOS. Finite-element modelling has been used to determine the damping factor of the structures. The goal is to reduce the air damping and enhance the dynamic behaviour by making holes in the plate. The designed structures are well suited to implement different micromechanical devices as micromirrors and accelerometers.
Synthetic Peptides as Malaria Vaccines (1999)

The findings in the sporozoite-immunized rodent and simian hosts were confirmed in human volunteers in the 70's (Clyde et af. , 1 973a,b, 1 975 ; McCarthy and Clyde, 1 977; Rieekmann et al . . 1 979), and more recent studies (Herrington et al. , 1 99 1 ; Egan et al. , 1 993) . In the studies, five volunteers were protected against P. Jalciparum and two volunteers against vivax malaria following exposure to the bites of ir adiated mosquitoes infected with either P Jalciparum or P vivax, respectively. Consistent with the small number of parasites injected per bite, induction of protective immunity required multiple exposures to the bites of numbers of irradiated malaria-infeclcd mosquitoes (a total of 379-440) over a period of time ranging from three to ten months (Clyde et af. , 1 973a,b ; Rieckmann et al. , 1 979). The two volunteers successfully immunized against vivax malaria were exposed seven to ten times to a total of 539-1979 irradiated P. infected mosquitoes (Clyde et aI. , 1 975; McCarthy and 1 977).
Alternatives to Heart Transplantation (2007)

Heart transplantation is currently the treatment of first choice in patients with end-stage refractory heart failure. But already the demand for donor organs cannot be met, and patients face long waiting times for transplantation. In the future waiting times will become even longer as life expectancy increases and the number of heart-failure patients requiring transplantation grows. Consequently, in view of the poor prognosis of the disease in its advanced stages, alternatives to heart transplantation are increasingly gaining importance. In recent years new innovative treatment methods and techniques have been developed which have already proved clinically successful in patients with end-stage heart failure, especially as bridging measures. Some of these techniques appear suitable for long-term use and could therefore serve as an alternative to heart transplantation in some patients. Interesting new avenues of research may even lead to cardiac cell replacement therapies in the future. These approaches are currently undergoing initial clinical trials. This report presents surgical and cardiologic treatments for end-stage heart failure that have already been clinically investigated as well as techniques that are still in the preclinical stage and discusses their potential as alternatives to heart transplantation.
Interlinked DNA nano-circles for measuring topoisomerase II activity at the level of single decatenation events (2017)

DNA nano-structures present appealing new means for monitoring different molecules. Here, we demonstrate the assembly and utilization of a surface-attached double-stranded DNA catenane composed of two intact interlinked DNA nano-circles for specific and sensitive measurements of the life essential topoisomerase II (Topo II) enzyme activity. Topo II activity was detected via the numeric release of DNA nano-circles, which were visualized at the single-molecule level in a fluorescence microscope upon isothermal amplification and fluorescence labeling. The transition of each enzymatic reaction to a micrometer sized labeled product enabled quantitative detection of Topo II activity at the single decatenation event level rendering activity measurements in extracts from as few as five cells possible. Topo II activity is a suggested predictive marker in cancer therapy and, consequently, the described highly sensitive monitoring of Topo II activity may add considerably to the toolbox of individualized medicine where decisions are based on very sparse samples.
Chloride‐Anion‐Templated Synthesis of a Strapped‐Porphyrin‐Containing Catenane Host System (2015)

The synthesis, structure and anion-recognition properties of a new strapped-porphyrin-containing [2]catenane anion host system are described. The assembly of the catenane is directed by discrete chloride anion templation acting in synergy with secondary aromatic donor-acceptor and coordinative pyridine-zinc interactions. The [2]catenane incorporates a three-dimensional, hydrogen-bond-donating anion-binding pocket; solid-state structural analysis of the catenane⋅chloride complex reveals that the chloride anion is encapsulated within the catenane's interlocked binding cavity through six convergent CH⋅⋅⋅⋅Cl and NH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions and solution-phase (1) H NMR titration experiments demonstrate that this complementary hydrogen-bonding arrangement facilitates the selective recognition of chloride over larger halide anions in DMSO solution.
Determinants and Trends of the Use of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Minor Stroke: A Population-Based Study, 2016 to 2020 (2022)

Minor stroke female patients, with higher NIHSS, arriving earlier to the hospital, presenting with large vessel occlusion and admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Centers were more likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis.
Analysis of substrate cleavage by recombinant protease of human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 reveals preferences and specificity of binding (1994)

Human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) protease (PR14) was expressed in bacteria and purified by gel filtration. A continuous spectrophotometric assay was used to measure the kinetic parameters of substrate hydrolysis by PR14. Several peptide substrates containing HTLV-1 sequences known to be cleaved by PR14 were used. Cleavage analysis showed that the affinity with which PR14 binds these substrates is higher than that previously reported for HTLV-1 Gag peptides. Also, the affinities of peptides containing the sites involved in autocleavage of protease from its precursor are higher than for the peptides containing sites required for structural protein maturation. This suggests that the autocatalysis of protease from its own precursor has priority over other cleavage reactions and supports similar observations of an ordered hierarchy of processing events by retroviral proteases. As the N- and C-terminal regions of retroviral aspartic proteases are known to contribute to stability of the dimer by forming antiparallel beta-strands, short peptides corresponding to these terminal sequences of HTLV-1 protease were tested for their ability to inhibit cleavage of substrates by PR14. Inhibition was seen with a C-terminal peptide corresponding exactly to the C-terminal 11 amino acids of the processed PR14, whereas a peptide containing a sequence situated further from the C terminus was less effective. An inhibitor of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Ro 31-8959, was found to be a poor inhibitor of PR14.
Role of In-grain Shear Bands in the Nucleation of <111>//ND Recrystallization Textures in Warm Rolled Steel. (1998)

Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) analysis was carried out on warm rolled Ti-IF and low carbon (LC) steels. The aim of this study was to learn more about the formation of grains with a <111> axis parallel to the sheet normal (ND fibre grains) during annealing. In-grain shear bands were found to be more prevalent in the deformed microstructure of the IF steel than in that of the LC grade. Consequently, the deformed ND fibre grains were far more fragmented in the IF material. These fragmented ND fibre grains produced ND fibre oriented nuclei in the grain interiors during annealing. It is concluded that the relative absence of in-grain shear banding in the warm rolled LC material is the most likely reason for the absence of an ND fibre recrystallization texture in this steel. It is also postulated that in-grain shear bands are involved in the nucleation of the near {554} <225> textures that are often observed in cold rolled and annealed IF and LC product.
Novel reconfigurable multi-band antennas for multi-radio platforms (2008)

Reconfigurable and multi-band concepts have been combined to design antennas for mobile multi-radio platforms. The new concept is based on reconfiguring a multi-branched low profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure suitable for laptops applications. The developed unique structure complies with space and service requirements, and utilizes only two switches to provide two operating reconfigurable multi-band states. Each state is capable of covering specific service group to simplify service switching, and minimize out-of-band input noise.
Prediction of Disease Status by Recombinant Human TSH-Stimulated Serum Tg in the Postsurgical Follow-Up of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (2001)

Stimulation with recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) has been introduced in clinical practice as an effective alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal for the diagnostic follow-up (Tg measurement and 131-iodine whole-body scan) of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The present study was specifically aimed to evaluate the utility of rhTSH-stimulated serum Tg measurements in patients with undetectable serum Tg values, on L-T(4) therapy, as the only test to differentiate patients with persistent disease from patients who are disease-free. We studied 72 consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, previously treated with near-total thyroidectomy and 131-I thyroid ablation. Admission criteria were: an undetectable (<1 ng/ml) serum Tg, on L-T(4) therapy, and negative anti-Tg antibodies. The study design consisted of a Tg-stimulation test after rhTSH, during L-T(4), followed by diagnostic WBS and serum Tg measurement off L-T(4). After rhTSH, serum Tg remained undetectable in 41 of 72 patients (56.9%). A negative rhTSH Tg test agreed with an undetectable hypo-Tg in 36 of 41 cases (87.8%), all without evidence of metastatic disease at hypo-WBS. In 5 of 41 cases (12.2%), hypo-Tg was detectable (1.1-7.8 ng/ml), in association with negative hypo-WBS or faint uptake in the thyroid bed. Serum Tg converted from undetectable to detectable after rhTSH in 31 of 72 patients (43.1%), with a peak Tg ranging between 1.2 and 23.0 ng/ml. Hypo-Tg was always detectable in these patients (100% concordance), and it was significantly higher than rhTSH-stimulated Tg (P < 0.0002). Hypo-WBS was positive in 23 of 31 patients (74.2%), showing thyroid residues in 12, cervical lymph nodes in 7, and lung metastases in 4 cases. In 8 of 31 cases, hypo-WBS was negative, despite detectable serum Tg. Thus, rhTSH-stimulated Tg was able to detect all cases of documented local or distant metastases. In conclusion, our data indicate that, in patients with undetectable basal levels of serum Tg, rhTSH-stimulated Tg represents an informative test to distinguish disease-free patients (not requiring WBS) from diseased patients (requiring further diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures).
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES BY REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES WITH METAL HYDRIDES. A REVIEW (1989)

(1989). RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES BY REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES WITH METAL HYDRIDES. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 451-477.
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy: A Viable Technique for Aging Assessment of Low-Voltage Cable Insulation Used in Nuclear Power Plants (2021)

This paper deals with the study of a non-destructive technique to detect the aging state of cable insulation used in a nuclear environment subjected to radiation and temperature aging. Cable samples were aged under dose rates ranging from 0.42 and 1.06 kGy/h at 55 and 85 °C. The imaginary part of the permittivity at 100 kHz is found to correlate well with mechanical properties, such as elongation at break, which is typically used to diagnose cable insulation, but it is a destructive property and cannot be used on field. It has been demonstrated also that a post-irradiation effect occurs even years after aging is stopped, increasing the imaginary permittivity and worsening mechanical properties due to the slow conversion of radicals into oxidized species. The main consequence is that when cable insulation is subjected to a nuclear accident, releasing a huge amount of radiation, the health of cable insulation must be followed also for a long time after the accident occurred, since aging due to oxidation progresses even when the radiation source is switched off.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of new pyrrolo[2,3- d ] pyrimidine derivatives as Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2012)

In this study, the synthesis and potential enzyme interactions of new Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives along with their inhibitory activity against SFK enzymes such as Fyn, Lyn, Hck, and c-Src were reported. The results indicated that compounds were slightly active of tested SFK enzymes in comparison with PP2 for Fyn, A-419259 for Lyn and CGP77675 for c-Src. Compound N-((2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanamide (5) was identified as a non-selective slight inhibitor against Fyn, Lyn and c-Src. However, compounds did not show any inhibitory effects on Hck. Docking studies were performed to analyze the binding mode of compounds against SFKs. The best interaction was obtained between compound 5 and the active site of Fyn and c-Src enzymes in comparison with reference compounds PP2 and CGP77675, respectively.
Incorporating human haptic interaction models into teleoperation systems (2010)

A classification of model-mediated teleoperation systems according to the model type and its application is introduced. While models of the human operator estimating position trajectories have been already applied in teleoperation, in the present paper, we propose the incorporation of force-based human haptic interaction models. This new approach allows to transfer the strength of advanced model-mediated teleoperation, i.e. increased stability and fidelity, to scenarios where forces applied to the remote environment are of importance. As an application example we present a tele-rehabilitation scenario which was implemented on a 1 DoF teleoperation system. Position and force fusion algorithms integrating human haptic interaction models are defined for time delay and packet loss compensation. The results demonstrate clearly the benefit of incorporating force-based human haptic interaction models into teleoperation systems.
Player 2.0: Toward a Practical Robot Programming Framework (2008)

Player/Stage has become a de facto standard in the open source robotics community. We describe recent work on restructuring the Player robot device server into a system that more closely aligns with the idea of a robot framework. The general requirements for a robot framework are also discussed. Player 2.0 is a major improvement in two basic areas, simplicity and flexibility. The driver API has been vastly simplified with many more parts of the communication being hidden from the user. The flexibility of the new system is realised in the library division that allows for different transport layers (or no transport at all), and in the new device address structure that allows for inter-server device subscriptions. 1
Learning to be Safe: Deep RL with a Safety Critic (2020)

Safety is an essential component for deploying reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in real-world scenarios, and is critical during the learning process itself. A natural first approach toward safe RL is to manually specify constraints on the policy's behavior. However, just as learning has enabled progress in large-scale development of AI systems, learning safety specifications may also be necessary to ensure safety in messy open-world environments where manual safety specifications cannot scale. Akin to how humans learn incrementally starting in child-safe environments, we propose to learn how to be safe in one set of tasks and environments, and then use that learned intuition to constrain future behaviors when learning new, modified tasks. We empirically study this form of safety-constrained transfer learning in three challenging domains: simulated navigation, quadruped locomotion, and dexterous in-hand manipulation. In comparison to standard deep RL techniques and prior approaches to safe RL, we find that our method enables the learning of new tasks and in new environments with both substantially fewer safety incidents, such as falling or dropping an object, and faster, more stable learning. This suggests a path forward not only for safer RL systems, but also for more effective RL systems.
Poster abstract: A decentralized routing scheme based on a zero-sum game to optimize energy in solar powered sensor networks (2014)

This poster is aimed at solving the problem of maximizing the energy margin of a solar-powered sensor network at a fixed time horizon, to maximize the network performance during an event to monitor. Using a game theoretic approach, the optimal routing maximizing the energy margin of the network at a given time under solar power forcing can be computed in a decentralized way and solved exactly through dynamic programming with a low overall complexity. We also show that this decentralized algorithm is simple enough to be implemented on practical sensor nodes. Such an algorithm would be very useful whenever the energy margin of a solar-powered sensor network has to be maximized at a specific time.
Utilization of coronary angioplasty and cost of angioplasty disposables in 14 western European countries (1993)

An inventory has been made of the practice of angioplasty in 14 European countries from 1985 onwards. The numbers of procedures performed varied in 1985 from 3 to 186 per million inhabitants, in 1991 from 52 to 716. All countries showed a steady increase, but the highest performer. Belgium, achieved only 55% of the number of angioplasties performed in 1991 in the U.S.A. No relation was found between the number of angioplasties and death rate for ischaemic heart disease, national income, number of cardiologists or spending on health care. The number of catheterization laboratories was related to the number of procedures. Prices of angioplasty disposables varied widely between countries. In 1989 Italy and Spain had very high costs, averaging almost 2500 ECU and 2000 ECU for ACS and Schneider balloon catheters respectively, while Switzerland and the U.K. were cheap with costs between 700 ECU and 500 ECU for the same products. In 1991 average prices for balloon catheters fell by 25% in Spain, while in Switzerland average prices increased by 10%, bringing the almost four-fold price difference in 1989, down to a difference of 2.5 in 1991. If the U.S.A. is taken as a standard and set against the death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Europe in 1991 the number of 'missing' angioplasties was 215,500, the U.K. accounting for 42% of this deficit.
Regulating Energy Balance: The Substrate Strikes Back (2006)

Hormones and dietary nutrients control appetite and metabolism by acting on the brain, where the signals they elicit promote hunger or satiety. Neurons in the hypothalamus integrate these signals to regulate energy balance.
Minimizing Performance Variation for the Compliant Floating-Opposing-Arm Clutch (2004)

This work has established a model for the behavior of the Floating-Opposing-Arm FOA centrifugal clutch and used it to determine the most sensitive design variables, to minimize performance variations, and to predict the behavior of stacked layers. By manufacturing the compliant clutch in multiple layers, not only is it feasible to produce these clutches in high volumes, but the variations in engagement and torque performance decreased, therefore allowing the clutch to perform more consistently. In addition, the FOA design accounts for performance sensitivity to variations in both design parameters and manufacturing processes and minimizes such variations. FOA clutch testing showed that the compliant clutch is comparable to the benchmark clutch in both engagement speed and torque capacity.
Origin of the efficiency enhancement in ferroelectric functionalized organic solar cells (2011)

We have investigated the efficiency enhancement of organic solar cells upon incorporation of a thin ferroelectric polymer layer. For non-Ohmic contacts the enhancement is due to an increased open circuit voltage, which is, however, independent of the ferroelectric polarization direction. Ferroelectricity cannot play a role due to depolarization and charge compensation. The same improvement is also obtained with a non-ferroelectric fluorinated polymer. The data unambiguously show that the improved efficiency is solely due to improvement of the cathode. The fluorinated polymer layer plays the role of LiF in an optimized solar cell.