gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Predictive Accuracy of Shoreline Change Rate Methods and Alongshore Beach Variation on Maui, Hawaii (2007)

Beach erosion has direct consequences for Hawaii's tourist-based economy, which depends on the attraction of beautiful sandy beaches. Within the last century, however, beaches on Oahu and Maui have been narrowed or completely lost, threatening tourism and construction development. In order for the counties and state of Hawaii to implement coastal regulations to prevent infrastructure damage, it is necessary to find a statistically valid methodology that accurately delineates annual erosion hazard rates specific to Hawaii. We compare the following erosion rate methods: end point rate (EPR), average of rates (AOR), minimum description length (MDL), jackknifing (JK), ordinary least squares (OLS), reweighted least squares (RLS), weighted least squares (WLS), reweighted weighted least squares (RWLS), least absolute deviation (LAD), and weighted least absolute deviation (WLAD). To evaluate these statistical methods, this study determines the predictive accuracy of various calculated erosion rates, including the effects of a priori knowledge of storms, using (1) temporally truncated data to forecast and hindcast known shorelines and (2) synthetic beach time series that contain noise. This study also introduces binning of adjacent transects to identify segments of a beach that have erosion rates that are indistinguishable. If major uncertainties of the shoreline methodology and storm shorelines are known, WLS, RWLS, and WLAD better reflect the data; if storm shorelines are not known, RWLS and WLAD are preferred. If both uncertainties and storm shorelines are not known, RLS and LAD are preferred; if storm shorelines are known, OLS, RLS, JK, and LAD are recommended. MDL and AOR produce the most variable results. Hindcasting results show that early twentieth century topographic surveys are valuable in change rate analyses. Binning adjacent transects improves the signal-to-noise ratio by increasing the number of data points.
Subpicosecond-time-domain reflectometry (1981)

We demonstrate a new method of optical time-domain reflectometry using subpicosecond pulses and nonlinear detection. The high-spatial-resolution ( approximately 15-microm) temporal resolution and sensitivity put new limits on the size and nature of defects that can be detected, localized, and analyzed in optical fibers.
MMI-based MOEMS FT spectrometer for visible and IR spectral ranges (2014)

MEMS spectrometers have very strong potential in future healthcare and environmental monitoring applications, where Michelson interferometers are the core optical engine. Recently, MEMS Michelson interferometers based on using silicon interface as a beam splitter (BS) has been proposed [7, 8]. This allows having a monolithically-integrated on-chip FTIR spectrometer. However silicon BS exhibits high absorption loss in the visible range and high material dispersion in the near infrared (NIR) range. For this reason, we propose in this work a novel MOEMS interferometer allowing operation over wider spectral range covering both the infrared (IR) and the visible ranges. The proposed architecture is based on spatial splitting and combining of optical beams using the imaging properties of Multi-Mode Interference MMI waveguide. The proposed structure includes an optical splitter for spatial splitting an input beam into two beams and a combiner for spatial combining the two interferometer beams. A MEMS moveable mirror is provided to produce an optical path difference between the two beams. The new interferometer is fabricated using DRIE technology on an SOI wafer. The movable mirror is metalized and attached to a comb-drive actuator fabricated in the same lithography step in a self-aligned manner on chip. The novel interferometer is tested as a Fourier transform spectrometer. Red laser, IR laser and absorption spectra of different materials are measured with a resolution of 2.5 nm at 635-nm wavelength. The structure is a very compact one that allows its integration and fabrication on a large scale with very low cost.
Antibody Responses: Development (2001)

Abstract Antibodies are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) such as bacteria and viruses. The development of the antibody response is dependent on the type of antigen and whether the immune system has previously encountered the antigen.
Single-atom molybdenum immobilized on photoactive carbon nitride as efficient photocatalysts for ambient nitrogen fixation in pure water (2019)

A series of single-atom Mo-PCN photocatalysts were facilely and large-scale prepared. The two-coordinated Mo center can serve as active site for N<sub>2</sub> chemisorption and activation, first achieving solar-driven N<sub>2</sub> reduction in pure water under ambient conditions.
Coordinating Conflicting ViewPoints by Managing Inconsistency (1994)

this paper. Several software engineering methods have been implemented using the tool, and experience with the process of method design has been valuable in refining our approach (Nuseibeh, Finkelstein, &amp;amp; Kramer, 1994). For each of the issues raised by the scenario in this paper, we have sketched out the approach and tested it on small examples. We have devised further experiments for each of the issues described, and are currently investigating the applicability of the approach using larger examples.
Development of Pinus radiata suspension cultures from xylogenic callus (2015)

The ability to grow xylogenic Pinus radiata D.Don in a liquid medium rather than on a solid one would produce a more homogeneous culture, and this in turn would improve cell and gene studies. We report the development of a liquid culture system for two xylogenic P. radiata cell lines and compare the subsequent formation of tracheary elements induced on the conventional solid media. The cell viability (fluorescein diacetate staining) in liquid cultures and subsequent tracheary element (TE) differentiation was as high as, or higher than, that observed with conventional callus cultures on solid media. The growth of cells in liquid culture was confirmed by comparing organic carbon consumption and dry weight increase. Conditions for optimal growth were determined by measuring substrate consumption and cell dry weight with two different cell lines, flask volumes, and starting inoculum densities. Changes to flask volume and cell line were observed to modify substrate carbon consumption within the cell culture, whilst having no significant impact on overall cellular yield. Inoculum density and cell line were the most significant factors affecting the percentage of TE produced. Overall, these preliminary findings confirm that P. radiata xylogenic cells were able to be grown in liquid cultures and did produce TE when induced on solid medium. Therefore, liquid culture has the potential to replace the current standard solid medium system for xylogenic culture of P. radiata.
Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Fixed Bed Reactor Implementation Scenario for Future Feasibility (2015)

Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is a promising route for the production of fungible liquid biofuels. There is significant ongoing research on the design and development of catalysts for this process. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating process configurations and their effects on biorefinery economics. Herein we present a conceptual process design with techno-economic assessment; it includes the production of upgraded bio-oil via fixed bed ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis followed by final hydroprocessing to hydrocarbon fuel blendstocks. This study builds upon previous work using fluidized bed systems, as detailed in a recent design report led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL/TP-5100-62455); overall yields are assumed to be similar, and are based on enabling future feasibility. Assuming similar yields provides a basis for easy comparison and for studying the impacts of areas of focus in this study, namely, fixed bed reactor configurations and their catalyst development requirements, and the impacts of an inline hot gas filter. A comparison with the fluidized bed system shows that there is potential for higher capital costs and lower catalyst costs in the fixed bed system, leading to comparable overall costs. The key catalyst requirement is to enable the effective transformation of highly oxygenated biomass into hydrocarbons products with properties suitable for blending into current fuels. Potential catalyst materials are discussed, along with their suitability for deoxygenation, hydrogenation and C–C coupling chemistry. This chemistry is necessary during pyrolysis vapor upgrading for improved bio-oil quality, which enables efficient downstream hydroprocessing; C–C coupling helps increase the proportion of diesel/jet fuel range product. One potential benefit of fixed bed upgrading over fluidized bed upgrading is catalyst flexibility, providing greater control over chemistry and product composition. Since this study is based on future projections, the impacts of uncertainties in the underlying assumptions are quantified via sensitivity analysis. This analysis indicates that catalyst researchers should prioritize by: carbon efficiency > catalyst cost > catalyst lifetime, after initially testing for basic operational feasibility.
Development of a high-resolution melting method for the screening of TNFAIP3 gene mutations (2016)

Tumor necrosis factor, α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) which encodes a ubiquitin-modifying enzyme (A20), acts as a negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway, and in lymphoma and autoimmune diseases it is frequently inactivated by mutations and/or deletions. We investigated the prevalence of the inactivation of TNFAIP3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DNA was extracted from 81 cases of OSCC and 50 peripheral blood samples from normal controls. A high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used to characterize TNFAIP3 mutations, and the results were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Three mutations and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with OSCC; the TNFAIP3 mutation occurred in 3.7% (3/81) of the OSCC cases examined. All mutations were in exon 7 [c.1081G>A (p.E361K), c.1398C>G (p.S466R) (rs200878487) and c.1760C>T (p.P587L) (rs150056192)], and p.E361K was identified as a novel mutation. We further used SIFT and PolyPhen-2 software to assess potentially functional mutations. Two SNPs, c.296‑20_296-18delCTC (rs71670547) and c.380T>G (p.F127C) (rs2230926), were located in exon 3, and c.2140C>T (p.P714S) was located in exon 9. A novel SNP, p.P714S differed from the one reported previously (p.P714A) (rs369155845) at that site. We also identified five SNPs in 50 normal Taiwanese individuals, and two of them [c.296‑15C>T (rs377482653) and c.305A>G (p.N102S) (rs146534657)] were not found in our OSCC tissue. HRM facilitated the screening of genetic changes. In addition, our results indicate that the prevalence of the TNFAIP3 mutation is low in OSCC.
Ionic salt permeability through phase‐separated membranes composed of amphoteric polymers (2010)

Abstract Amphoteric copolymers composed of hydrophilic poly(dimethyl acrylamide) and hydrophobic poly(dimethyl siloxane) formed phase‐separated membranes. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic components formed continuous phase‐separated domains in the membranes. The hydrated poly(dimethyl acrylamide) domains formed membrane‐spanning pathways, which permitted an ionic salt to permeate the membranes. The permeability of the ionic salt through the amphoteric copolymer membranes was studied. On the basis of the results, the mechanism of salt transport could be explained by the free‐volume theory, which was used for the analysis of diffusive transport in the hydrated, homogeneous membranes. The diffusion coefficient of the ionic salt increased exponentially as the volume ratio of the hydrophilic polymer to water [(1 − H )/ H, where H is the degree of hydration] decreased in the membrane. It was possible to postulate that the diffusion of the ionic salt through the membranes was dependent on the free‐volume fractions of water and hydrophilic poly(dimethyl acrylamide) domains in the membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Table S4 from A Phase I Study of ASTX660, an Antagonist of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins, in Adults with Advanced Cancers or Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S4 shows descriptive statistics of ASTX660 pharmacokinetic parameters per dose level across cycles and days: pharmacokinetic population&lt;/p&gt;
Aging and cancer cell biology, 2007 (2007)

This Hot Topics review, the second in a new Aging Cell series, discusses articles published in the last year that have stimulated new ideas about the tangled relationship of aging to cancer cell biology. The year's highlights include reports on the ability of Mdm2 mutations to diminish risks of cancer in aging mice, on proliferative competition between oncogenic cells and bone marrow stem cells, and on the role of metalloproteinases in overcoming age-associated barriers to tumor invasion. Of particular interest were three articles showing that diminished activity of the tumor-suppressor gene p16/INK4a, while increasing the risk of cancer mortality, can lead to improved function in several varieties of age-sensitive stem cells.
Di(1‐pyridinio)‐ and Di(1‐bipyridindiio)‐dihydrodibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes (1989)

Tetraaza[14] annulenes have properties similar to those of porphyries and phthalocyanines, but they can be more easily substituted with cationic groups. In the title compounds 1, R is an N-bonded pyridyl cation or a 4,4′-bipyridinyl dication. Compound 1 and its metal complexes might be useful as new redox systems or as models for organic superconductors.
Direct Interaction between Mammalian DNA Polymerase β and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (2002)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an essential role in nucleic acid metabolism as a component of the DNA replication and DNA repair machinery. As such, PCNA interacts with many proteins that have a sequence motif termed the PCNA interacting motif (PIM) and also with proteins lacking a PIM. Three regions in human and rat DNA polymerases beta (beta-pol) that resemble the consensus PIM were identified, and we show here that beta-polymerase and PCNA can form a complex both in vitro and in vivo. Immunoprecipitation experiments, yeast two-hybrid analysis, and overlay binding assays were used to examine the interaction between the two proteins. Competition experiments with synthetic PIM-containing peptides suggested the importance of a PIM in the interaction, and studies of a beta-polymerase PIM mutant, H222A/F223A, demonstrated that this alteration blocked the interaction with PCNA. The results indicate that at least one of the PIM-like sequences in beta-polymerase appears to be a functional PIM and was required in the interaction between beta-polymerase and PCNA.
CCDC 1442746: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2016)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Non-Thermal Plasma Applied to Acetone-Polluted Water: A Possibility to Decontaminate and to Obtain High Energetic Gases (2015)

The present work depicts results acquired from a chemical model and validated by a set of experiments on the treatment of acetone-polluted water by a non-thermal plasma technique. Results reveal the formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a combination of gases better known as syngas, which were then clarified with a chemical kinetic model. From this model, the influence of hydroxyl radicals is highlighted by extraordinary reactivity during the acetone treatment and its conversion to syngas (CO+H2). This study proposes a low energy density non-thermal plasma technique to depollute wastewater containing different levels of acetone. KeywordsAcetone Polluted Water; Non-thermal Plasma; Energetic Gases Production
SURFACE MEMBRANE PROTEINS OF BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA EMBRYONIC CELLS BIND FUCOSYL DETERMINANTS ON THE TEGUMENTAL SURFACE OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI PRIMARY SPOROCYSTS (2007)

Previous observations that in vitro adherence of Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cells to sporocyst larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni was strongly inhibited by fucoidan, a sulfated polymer of L-fucose, suggested a role for lectinlike Bge cell receptors in sporocyst binding interactions. In the present investigation, monoclonal antibodies with specificities to 3 major glycan determinants found on schistosomes, LacdiNAc, fucosylated LacdiNAc (LDNF), and the Lewis X antigen, were used in adhesion blocking studies to further analyze the molecular interactions at the host-parasite interface. Results showed that only the anti-LDNF antibody significantly reduced snail Bge cell adhesion to the surface of sporocysts, suggesting that fucosyl determinants may be important in larval-host cell interactions. Affinity chromatographic separation of fucosyl-reactive Bge cell proteins from fucoidan-bound Sepharose 4B revealed the presence of polypeptides ranging from 6 to 200 kDa after elution with fucoidan-containing buffer. Pre-elution of the Bge protein-bound affinity column with dextran (Dex) and dextran sulfate (DexS) before introduction of the fucoidan buffer served as controls for protein binding based on nonspecific sugar or negative charge interactions. A subset of polypeptides (approximately 35-150 kDa) released by fucoidan elution was identified as Bge surface membrane proteins, representing putative fucosyl-binding proteins. Far-western blot analysis also demonstrated binding reactivity between Bge cell and sporocyst tegumental proteins. The finding that several of these parasite-binding Bge cell proteins were also fucoidan-reactive suggests the possible involvement of these molecules in mediating cellular interactions with sporocyst tegumental carbohydrates. It is concluded that Bge cells have surface protein(s) that may be playing a role in facilitating host cell adhesion to the surface of schistosome primary sporocysts through larval fucosylated glycoconjugates.
An Optimized Trajectory Planner and Motion Controller Framework for Autonomous Driving in Unstructured Environments (2021)

This paper proposes an optimized trajectory planner and motion planner framework, which aim to deal with obstacle avoidance along a reference road for autonomous driving in unstructured environments. The trajectory planning problem is decomposed into lateral and longitudinal planning sub-tasks along the reference road. First, a vehicle kinematic model with road coordinates is established to describe the lateral movement of the vehicle. Then, nonlinear optimization based on a vehicle kinematic model in the space domain is employed to smooth the reference road. Second, a multilayered search algorithm is applied in the lateral-space domain to deal with obstacles and find a suitable path boundary. Then, the optimized path planner calculates the optimal path by considering the distance to the reference road and the curvature constraints. Furthermore, the optimized speed planner takes into account the speed boundary in the space domain and the constraints on vehicle acceleration. The optimal speed profile is obtained by using a numerical optimization method. Furthermore, a motion controller based on a kinematic error model is proposed to follow the desired trajectory. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory planner and motion controller framework in handling typical scenarios and avoiding obstacles safely and smoothly on the reference road and in unstructured environments.
Cartographie du gene de la testicane et contribution a l'etude de son expression (1998)

Les proteoglycanes sont des macromolecules composees d'un squelette proteique sur lequel sont lies de facon covalente des chaines polysaccharidiques particulieres, les glycosaminoglycanes. Leur role est associe aux processus cellulaires fondamentaux : proliferation, adhesion et migration cellulaire. Dans notre laboratoire, un peptide portant des chaines de chondroitine et d'heparane sulfate ete isole du plasma seminal humain. L'adn complementaire generant ce peptide a ete clone, permettant d'etablir la sequence proteique deduite complete d'une nouvelle molecule, la testicane. Un clone, presentant une insertion de 112pb dans la phase codante de la molecule et une region 3' non codante ecourtee, a ete caracterise. La realite de ce transcrit a ete demontree par rt-pcr et l'exon alternatif codant pour cette insertion a ete caracterise. La cartographie complete de ce gene et sa localisation chromosomique ont ete etablies. La testicane humaine est codee par un seul gene, localise sur le chromosome 5q bande 31 et est compose de douze exons, pour une taille evaluee a plus de 100kb. Une analyse par northern blot sur un ensemble representatif de tissus humains a mis en evidence un arn messager majoritaire de 5,2kb, au niveau du tractus genital et notamment dans la prostate. Un anticorps dirige contre la region n-terminale de la testicane a ete realise. Une analyse immunohistochimique a permis de localiser la testicane au niveau du tissu epithelial prostatique, cible privilegiee des neoplasies. Cette expression a ete confirmee par hybridation in situ, dans les tissus sains et cancereux, pour les deux types de transcrits. Sur un ensemble de sept tissus pathologiques, une analyse par western, a permis de mettre en evidence, dans un seul cas, une proteine de mobilite electrophoretique inattendue. Une analyse au niveau du gene de ce patient, atteint d'une forme severe de cancer hormono-independant de la prostate, a permis de caracteriser, sur un des alleles, une deletion de 19pb dans l'exon episse alternativement.
Navigator‐based reacquisition and estimation of motion‐corrupted data: Application to multi‐echo spin echo for carotid wall MRI (2019)

Motion-corrupted echo-trains can be identified with a navigator echo. Combined reacquisition and parallel imaging estimation reduced motion artifacts in multi-slice MESE when there were brief motion events, especially when motion corruption was close to the center of k-space.