gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Polysomes Synthesizing Thyroglobulin (1973)

In preliminary experiments, we have shown that membrane‐bound thyroid ribosomes specifically synthesize thyroglobulin. This article presents more precise characterization of the thyroglobulin‐synthesizing polysomes. A population of heavy membrane‐bound polysomes has been isolated from horse thyroid in the detergent‐treated pellet of centrifugation at 27000 × g. Immunoprecipitation experiments performed with labelled nascent peptides have revealed that this class of polysomes is specifically engaged inthyroglobulin synthesis. The pattern of [ 3 H]uridine incorporation into these polysomes suggest that the thyroglobulin template has a very slow turnover. This is further supported by the unique resistance of these polysomes during long‐time incubations of thyroid slices with actinomycin D.
Exploring the genetic overlap between 12 psychiatric disorders (2022)

The widespread comorbidity among psychiatric disorders (PDs) demonstrated in epidemiological studies 1–5 is mirrored by non-zero, positive genetic correlations from large scale genetic studies 6–10 . We employed several strategies to uncover pleiotropic SNPs, genes and biological pathways 7,8 underlying this genetic covariance. First, we conducted cross-trait meta-analysis on 12 PDs to identify pleiotropic SNPs. However, the majority of meta-analytic signal was driven by only one or a few PDs, hampering interpretation and joint biological characterization of the meta-analytic signal. Next, we performed pairwise comparisons of PDs on the SNP, gene, genomic region, gene-set, tissue-type, and cell-type level. Substantial overlap was observed, but mainly among pairs of PDs, and mainly at less stringent p -value thresholds. Only heritability enrichment for “conserved genomic regions” and “nucleotide diversity” was significant for multiple (9 out of 12) PDs. Overall, identification of shared biological mechanisms remains challenging due to variation in power and genetic architecture between PDs.
Azo-pendant polyamides which have the potential to photoalign chromonic lyotropic liquid crystals (2003)

A new series of polyamides (ph-azo-PAMs) was synthesized by the polycondensation of isophthalic acids having a photoisomerizable phenyl azo unit with 4,4′-diamino-3,5,3′,5′-tetraethyldiphenylmethane or by the esterification of poly(imino-5-oxyisophthaloylimino-1,4-(3,5-diethyl)phenylenemethylene-1,4-(3,5-diethyl)phenylene) with 4-(phenylazo)- or 4-(4′-substituted phenylazo)phenoxyalkanoic acid chlorides in the presence of triphenyl phosphate and pyridine in N-methylpyrrolidone. It has been confirmed that the spin-coated films of ph-azo-PAMs thus produced show reversible trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moieties. To examine the ability of the polymer films to act as command surfaces for a chromonic lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC), they were exposed to linearly polarized light and coated with aqueous LLC solutions of a chromonic dye compound. After drying the LLC solution, polarizing microscopic measurements were carried out to see whether the phototreated polymer films could bring about the in-plane anisotropic alignment of the dye molecule. The result was that 5h having an azo moiety with a dimethylamino substituent as a side group was among the most promising candidates.
Cognitive Impairment Associated With Chemotherapy for Cancer: Report of a Workshop (2004)

Cognitive dysfunction may occur in some patients who receive chemotherapy. We provide a summary of an April 2003 workshop on this topic, that included medical oncologists, radiologists, clinical and experimental psychologists, and patient advocates. Current studies indicate that cognitive deficits are often subtle, although they are observed consistently in a proportion of patients, may be durable, and can be disabling. Deficits have been observed in a range of cognitive functions. Underlying mechanisms are unknown, although preliminary studies suggest there may be genetic predisposition and that cognitive impairment may be accompanied by changes in the brain detectable by neuroimaging. The following priorities were established for future research: (1) large-scale clinical studies that use both a longitudinal design and concurrent evaluation of patients with cancer who do not receive chemotherapy-such studies should address the probability and magnitude of cognitive deficits, factors that predict them, and underlying mechanisms; (2) exploration of discrepancies between subjective reports of cognitive dysfunction and the objective results of cognitive testing; (3) studies of cognitive function in patients receiving treatment for diseases other than breast cancer, and in both men and women, to address the hypothesis that underlying mechanisms relate to changes in serum levels of sex hormones and/or to chemotherapy-induced menopause; (4) development of interventions to alleviate these problems; and (5) development of animal models and the use of imaging techniques to address mechanisms that might cause cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy.
Analysis of MWIR and LWIR Signature of Supersonic Aircraft to Air-to-air and Surface-to-air Missile by Coupled Simulation Method (2014)

The stealth performance of supersonic aircraft in recent air battlefield is one of the most significant feature for latest fighters. Especially, as the technology is advancing, the IR stealth capability becomes more important because of its passive characteristic. To design an aircraft with stealth capability, we must know how much the IR signature is generated from the aircraft. Also, predicting the IR signature of enemy's aircraft is tactically crucial. In this study, we calculated MWIR and LWIR infrared signature of <TEX>$5^{th}$</TEX> generation supersonic aircraft against air-to-air and surface-to-air threat using IR simulation code and CFD coupled procedure.
Utilization of inland saline water for Spirulina cultivation (2013)

An attempt was made to assess the suitability of the inland saline water of Rohtak (Haryana) for mass cultivation of Spirulina platensis, a salt loving cyanobacterium. Cultivation of S. platensis was performed in indoor and outdoor culture units. The investigation revealed that the yield of biomass in de-calcified inland saline water was comparable to the yield obtained in synthetic chemical-based prescribed growth medium. Further, the quality of biomass in terms of protein, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycocyanin contents was also comparable to the prescribed medium. The downstream processing of the biomass through a three-step process resulted in an appreciable quantity of a highly valuable pigment, phycocyanin (purity ratio: A620/A280 = 3.13–3.39). The overall observations of the study suggest that inland saline water can be used for cost-effective production of Spirulina biomass and value-added chemicals. The removal of calcium and salts from inland saline water by S. platensis cultivation also offers an added advantage for the reuse of the spent medium for agricultural and aquacultural purposes.
Detection of hepatopancreatic parvovirus in Thai shrimp Penaeus monodon by in situ hybridization, dot blot hybridization and PCR amplification (2002)

Hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) infects the hepatopancreas in penaeid shrimp and retards their growth. The DNA sequence of HPV from Thai shrimp Penaeus monodon (HPVmon) differs from HPV of Penaeus chinensis (HPVchin) by approximately 30%. In spite of this difference, commercial PCR primers (DiagXotics) developed from HPVchin to yield a 350 bp PCR product do give a 732 bp product with HPVmon DNA template. On the other hand, the sensitivity of HPVmon detection with these primers and with hybridization probes designed for HPVchin is significantly lower than it is with HPVchin. To improve sensitivity for HPVmon detection, we used the sequence of the 732 bp HPVmon PCR amplicon described above to develop specific PCR primers (H441F and H441R) and hybridization probe. The primers could detect as little as 1 fg of purified HPVmon DNA while the 441 bp digoxygenin-labeled PCR product gave strong, specific reactions with in situ hybridization and with hybridization blots. In contrast, negative results were obtained using DNA from all other pathogens tested and from DNA of P. monodon. Supernatant solution from boiled, fresh shrimp fecal and postlarval samples homogenized in 0.025% NaOH/0.0125% SDS could be used to detect as little as 0.1 pg HPVmon DNA by the PCR reaction. By dot blot hybridization, a visible signal was obtained with purified HPVmon DNA at 0.01 pg, but detection in spiked feces and postlarval samples was only 1 and 0.1 pg, respectively.
The Porter-Whitesides Discrepancy: Revisiting Odd-Even Effects in Wetting Properties of n-Alkanethiolate SAMs (2015)

This review discusses the Porter-Whitesides discrepancy in wetting properties of n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). About 25 years ago, Whitesides and coworker failed to observe any odd-even effect in wetting, however, Porter and his coworker did, albeit in select cases. Most previous studies agreed with Whitesides’ results, suggesting the absence of the odd-even effect in hydrophobicity of n-alkanethiolate SAMs. Recent reports have, however, found the odd-even effect in hydrophobicity of n-alkanethiolate SAMs on smooth substrates, indicating that hydrophobicity, and analogous interfacial properties, of n-alkanethiolate SAMs significantly depends on the properties of substrate. Unfortunately, the Whitesides and Porter papers do not report on the quality of the surfaces used. Based on recent work, we inferred that the original discrepancy between Whitesides and Porter can be attributed to the quality of the surface. Odd-even effect of SAMs in charge transport, capacitance, friction, and SAM structure are also discussed in this review to inform the general discussion. The discrepancy between Porter's group and Whitesides’ group could be due to surface roughness, morphology, oxidation, and adventitious contaminants.
Circulating MicroRNA Profiling in Cancer Biomarker Discovery (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Alterations in miRNA expression patterns correlate with a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, including cancer. miRNA profiling was mostly performed, in solid tissues, obtained by invasive diagnostic procedures. However, miRNAs in biofluids, such as serum and plasma, show high stability resulting from the formation of complexes with specific protein or incorporation within circulating exosomes or other microvesicles. Circulating miRNAs could be reliable biomarkers for early-stage cancer diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy. In this chapter, we analyze the major pre-analytical and analytical challenges in experimental design for circulating miRNA detection, focusing on exosome fraction and microarray-based approach.
Local Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases: Assessing the Clinical Significance of the Results (2006)

The decision to use local drug delivery during active treatment or maintenance should be based upon clinical findings, responses to therapy recorded in the literature, desired clinical outcomes, and the patient's dental and medical history.
Progressive point set surfaces (2003)

Progressive point set surfaces (PPSS) are a multilevel point-based surface representation. They combine the usability of multilevel scalar displacement maps (e.g., compression, filtering, geometric modeling) with the generality of point-based surface representations (i.e., no fixed homology group or continuity class). The multiscale nature of PPSS fosters the idea of point-based modeling. The basic building block for the construction of PPSS is a projection operator, which maps points in the proximity of the shape onto local polynomial surface approximations. The projection operator allows the computing of displacements from smoother to more detailed levels. Based on the properties of the projection operator we derive an algorithm to construct a base point set. Starting from this base point set, a refinement rule using the projection operator constructs a PPSS from any given manifold surface.
Newer antibacterial agents and their potential role in cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation management (2010)

Pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF) are frequent events and account for a substantial proportion of the burden of morbidity and mortality in this disease. Antibacterial therapies to treat pulmonary exacerbations are instituted empirically and are individualized based on both patient factors (severity of exacerbation, frequency of exacerbation, recent courses of anti-infectives) and pathogen factors (previously isolated pathogens and in vitro predicted susceptibilities). However, the epidemiology of pathogens infecting CF airways is changing, with increased incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative non-fermenters such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Accordingly, a great need for new and novel agents for the management of acute exacerbations in CF exists. While several antibiotics have recently been approved or are close to approval for clinical use, frequently their emphasis has been for Gram-positive, and specifically MRSA-related, disease. Despite this, these agents may have a role in CF-related exacerbations. This article reviews the spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics and clinical and theoretical evidence for the use of newer agents including tigecycline, doripenem and ceftobiprole in the management of CF pulmonary exacerbations. Appropriate use of these agents in CF will require detailed CF-specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data.
Building and Programming a Universal Ion Trap Quantum Computer (2018)

Quantum computing represents an exciting frontier in the realm of information processing; it is a promising technology that may provide future advances in a wide range of fields, from quantum chemistry to optimization problems. This thesis discusses experimental results for several quantum algorithms performed on a programmable quantum computer consisting of a linear chain of five or seven trapped 171Yb+ atomic clock ions with long coherence times and high gate fidelities. We execute modular one- and two-qubit computation gates through Raman transitions driven by a beat note between counter-propagating beams from a pulsed laser. The system's individual addressing capability provides arbitrary single-qubit rotations as well as all possible two-qubit entangling gates, which are implemented using a pulse-segmentation scheme. The quantum computer can be programmed from a high-level interface to execute arbitrary quantum circuits, and comes with a toolbox of many important composite gates and quantum subroutines. We present experimental results for a complete three-qubit Grover quantum search algorithm, a hallmark application of a quantum computer with a well-known speedup over classical searches of an unsorted database, and report better-than-classical performance. The algorithm is performed for all 8 possible single-result oracles and all 28 possible two-result oracles. All quantum solutions are shown to outperform their classical counterparts. Performing parallel operations will be a powerful capability as deeper circuits on larger, more complex quantum computers present new challenges. Here, we perform a pair of 2-qubit gates simultaneously in a single chain of trapped ions. We employ a pre-calculated pulse shaping scheme that modulates the phase and amplitude of the Raman transitions to drive programmable high-fidelity 2-qubit entangling gates in parallel by coupling to the collective modes of motion of the ion chain. Ensuring the operation yields only spin-spin interactions between the desired pairs, with neither residual spin-motion entanglement nor crosstalk spin-spin entanglement, is a nonlinear constraint problem, and pulse solutions are found using optimization techniques. As an application, we demonstrate the quantum full adder using a depth-4 circuit requiring the use of parallel 2-qubit operations.
BlazeFace: Sub-millisecond Neural Face Detection on Mobile GPUs (2019)

We present BlazeFace, a lightweight and well-performing face detector tailored for mobile GPU inference. It runs at a speed of 200-1000+ FPS on flagship devices. This super-realtime performance enables it to be applied to any augmented reality pipeline that requires an accurate facial region of interest as an input for task-specific models, such as 2D/3D facial keypoint or geometry estimation, facial features or expression classification, and face region segmentation. Our contributions include a lightweight feature extraction network inspired by, but distinct from MobileNetV1/V2, a GPU-friendly anchor scheme modified from Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), and an improved tie resolution strategy alternative to non-maximum suppression.
Deep Reinforcement Learning in System Optimization. (2019)

Many real-world systems problems require reasoning about the long term consequences of actions taken to configure and manage the system. These problems with delayed and often sequentially aggregated reward, are often inherently reinforcement learning problems and present the opportunity to leverage the recent substantial advances in deep reinforcement learning. However, in some cases, it is not clear why deep reinforcement learning is a good fit for the problem. Sometimes, it does not perform better than the state-of-the-art solutions. And in other cases, random search or greedy algorithms could outperform deep reinforcement learning. In this paper, we review, discuss, and evaluate the recent trends of using deep reinforcement learning in system optimization. We propose a set of essential metrics to guide future works in evaluating the efficacy of using deep reinforcement learning in system optimization. Our evaluation includes challenges, the types of problems, their formulation in the deep reinforcement learning setting, embedding, the model used, efficiency, and robustness. We conclude with a discussion on open challenges and potential directions for pushing further the integration of reinforcement learning in system optimization.
The Solution Structure of EMILIN1 Globular C1q Domain Reveals a Disordered Insertion Necessary for Interaction with the α4β1 Integrin (2008)

The extracellular matrix protein EMILIN1 (elastin microfibril interface located protein 1) is implicated in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis via the N-terminal elastin microfibril interface domain and in trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall via the globular C1q (gC1q) domain. Here, we describe the first NMR-based homology model structure of the human 52-kDa homotrimer of the EMILIN1 gC1q domain. In contrast to all of the gC1q (crystal) structures solved to date, the 10-stranded beta-sandwich fold of the gC1q domain is reduced to nine beta strands with a consequent increase in the size of the central cavity lumen. An unstructured loop, resulting from an insertion unique to EMILIN1 and EMILIN2 family members and located at the trimer apex upstream of the missing strand, specifically engages the alpha4beta1 integrin. Using both Jurkat T and EA.hy926 endothelial cells as well as site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the ability of alpha4beta1 integrins to recognize the trimeric EMILIN1 gC1q domain mainly depends on a single glutamic acid residue (Glu(933)). Static and flow adhesion of T cells and haptotactic migration of endothelial cells on gC1q is fully dependent on this residue. Thus, EMILIN1 gC1q-alpha4beta1 represents a unique ligand/receptor system, with a requirement for a 3-fold arrangement of the interaction site.
Introduction to Tissue Optics: An M.D.’s Perspective (1997)

Summary not available.
Direct Measurement of Polarization Dependency of Mode Conversion in a Long Period Grating (2019)

A thermal induced long period grating mode converter with high bandwidth, and low loss is presented. Polarization dependency of the mode conversion is measured using spatial and spectral (S2) imaging and found to be low.
Development of High Erosivity Well Scale Cleaning Tools (1999)

Build up of scale deposits on the walls of geothermal wells can occur rapidly due to the high dissolved solids content of geothermal fluids. Scale formation is a significant problem for both the well and for surface heat transfer equipment. Geothermal brines contain a wide variety if dissolved salts including carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and metal sulfides. One technology recently proposed for scale removal is the use of an ultrasonic device. In the present effort we apply cavitation in a more direct manner by the use of acoustically enhanced cavitating water jets which can be made to be much more efficient and aggressive than ultrasonic devices. Cavitating and self-resonating jet technologies have been proven to enhance the erosive power of liquid jets in a number of cutting, cleaning, and drilling applications. In this study we investigated two related technologies - one that employs cavitation and one that breaks the jet up into a series of slugs that produce water hammer type pressures upon impact. These technologies enable operation in both submerged and nonsubmerged conditions.
Diesel EGR Cooler Fouling with Ni-Fe-Cr-Al DPF at Freeway Cruise (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study investigates the effect of diesel particulate filters (DPF) on the performance of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers. EGR coolers were tested with and without the use of a DPF and their measured performances were compared. The exhaust gas was filtered using a Ni-Fe-Cr-Al metallic foam wall flow diesel particulate filter. The DPFs used in this investigation had very low Space Velocity (SV) characteristics in order to minimize the effect of filtration on the pressure drop. Two different measurement methods were employed to determine particulate matter (PM) emission levels at locations before and after the DPF. The first method involved the collection of PM on quartz filters followed by thermal analysis of the filters to monitor the removal of soot, semi-volatile organics, and sulfate across the DPF. The second method measured the time resolved PM mass in the exhaust with a Dekati Mass Monitor. A smoke meter was used to measure smoke levels in units of Filter Smoke Number (FSN) throughout the duration of the test. Mass soot flows were then derived using the FSN readings and the relationship between soot mass concentration and the EGR cooler effectiveness was established over EGR runtime. Without a DPF, the EGR cooler effectiveness degraded significantly with time while a periodic cooler recovery and degradation was noticed after the half hour shut down period at the end of every 5 hour testing cycle. In contrast, with the use of a DPF, the EGR cooler effectiveness showed less degradation developing at a slower rate, and in addition, there were almost no or minor recovery actions throughout the test.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;