gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actuator-Based Infield Sensor Calibration (2006)

In this paper, an online infield nonparametric calibration and error-modeling approach was developed. The approach employs a single source as the external stimulus that creates the differential sensor readings used for calibration. Under very mild assumptions imposed on the calibration functions, error model, and the environment, the technique utilizes the maximal likelihood principle and a nonlinear function minimization solver to derive both the calibration function and the error model of a specified accuracy simultaneously. The approach is intrinsically localized and presents two variants: 1) one where only pairs of neighboring sensors have to communicate in order to conduct the calibration and 2) one where probably a minimum amount of communication is achieved. In addition, the broadcasting tree problem was also formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) instance; therefore, the broadcasts used in the second variant are optimally resolved. The techniques were evaluated using the traces from the light sensors recorded by the infield deployed sensors, and the statistical evaluations are conducted in order to obtain the interval of confidence to support all the results
Synthesis of Dimethyl Derivatives of Imidazolinone Herbicides: Their Use in Efficient Gas Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of These Herbicides (2000)

The dimethyl derivatives of imazaquin, imazapyr, imazmethapyr, imazethapyr, 2-[4,5 dihydro-1, 4-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methoxymethyl- 3-pyridine carboxylic acid, 2-[4,5-dihydro-1,4 -dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methyl benzoic acid, and 2-[4,5-dihydro-1,4-dimethyl-4-(1-methyl ethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl benzoic acid were prepared and fully characterized. The availability of these derivatives has led to the development of efficient and multiresidue gas chromatographic methods for trace level analysis of imidazolinone herbicides in matrixes such as water, soybean, and soil.
A Semantic Framework for Adapting Interactive Systems in Intelligent Environments (2009)

Intelligent environments communicate with the user through user interfaces, which can be improved by means of adapting them to an individual user, based on an observation of the user-system interaction. The power of the adaptations depends on the expressiveness of the underlying data model that represents the interactive system, the user, and the user-system interaction. Ontologies present a powerful formalism for describing a certain domain. We present an adaptation framework that employs an ontology to create an explicit semantic knowledge representation, on top of which adaptations are implemented. These adaptations are either specified by a system designer or inferred automatically by an adaptation component. Special emphasis is put on the user-system interaction, which plays a crucial role in adaptive interactive systems. A prototype implementation demonstrates the feasibility of this approach.
Uni- vs. multiloculated pelvic lymphoceles: differences in the treatment of symptomatic pelvic lymphoceles after open radical retropubic prostatectomy (2009)

Symptomatic NUL can be treated using PCD with or without sclerotherapy. If this therapy fails as first-line treatment, laparoscopic lymphocelectomy should be considered within a short period of time in order to achieve successful treatment. NML should be treated using a laparoscopic approach in centers where this type of expertise is available. Infected lymphoceles are drained externally. In these cases, percutaneous or open external drainage with adequate antibiotic coverage is preferable.
Time and temperature dependences of phosphorus evolution from InP (1983)

Indium phosphide decomposes evolving phosphorus at temperatures below 360 °C in vacuum. Hence, heating in this range during processing epitaxial InGaAs films on InP substrates may lead to surface contamination of the active layer by phosphorus. This contamination can be minimized at elevated temperatures by initially depositing a passivating layer over the exposed parts of the substrate and/or active film well below the decomposition range of the substrate (e.g., at 250 °C) and then sintering the film directly or while continuing deposition at a higher temperature. The vapor pressure of phosphorus evolved from InP increases by an order of magnitude for each 45 °C increase in temperature.
Force feedback-based telemicromanipulation for robot surgery on soft tissues (2003)

In order to investigate basic problems in the use of robots for surgical applications, an experimental testbed aimed at performing tasks requiring fine control of force and movement such as cutting a soft tissue was developed. Preliminary results obtained with the present version of the robot system confirm the importance of tactile and force sensing capabilities in order to perform tasks potentially useful for surgical applications. Tactile sensing detects features of the material to be cut which can be useful in planning cutting strategies. As for force sensing, the adopted control strategy requires a force feedback from the slave finger sensors to inform the master on the progress of the operation: this feedback signal can be used to counteract the movements of the stick.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IL4-10 Fusion Protein Shows DMOAD Activity in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model (2021)

rIL4-10 FP showed chondroprotective and analgesic activity in a rat OA model with moderate cartilage damage, mild synovial inflammation, and pain. Future studies will need to address whether less frequent intra-articular injections, for example, with formulations with increased residence time, would also lead to DMOAD activity.
Evaluation of 3D Feature Descriptors for Multi-modal Data Registration (2013)

We propose a framework for 2D/3D multi-modal data registration and evaluate 3D feature descriptors for registration of 3D datasets from different sources. 3D datasets of outdoor environments can be acquired using a variety of active and passive sensor technologies. Registration of these datasets into a common coordinate frame is required for subsequent modelling and visualisation. 2D images are converted into 3D structure by stereo or multiview reconstruction techniques and registered to a unified 3D domain with other datasets in a 3D world. Multi-modal datasets have different density, noise, and types of errors in geometry. This paper provides a performance benchmark for existing 3D feature descriptors across multi-modal datasets. This analysis highlights the limitations of existing 3D feature detectors and descriptors which need to be addressed for robust multi-modal data registration. We analyse and discuss the performance of existing methods in registering various types of datasets then identify future directions required to achieve robust multi-modal data registration.
Colloidal Self-Assembly of Highly-Ordered Silica Inverse Opals for Deep Ultraviolet Diffraction (2020)

The fabrication of highly ordered ∼2 μm thick silica inverse opal (IO) photonic crystal (PhC) films is reported. These IO films diffract deep ultraviolet light (UV, <250 nm) and are prepared using the inward-growing self-assembly of ∼143 nm diameter monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) suspended within a hydrolyzed silicate sol–gel precursor solution. Removal of the PSNPs results in solid, robust IOs that attenuate >70% of light meeting the Bragg condition at normal incidence. Structural and optical characterization of these silica IO films indicate that noncoherent scattering losses are low at deep UV wavelengths, even though substantial crack-type defects occur. The IO films exhibit a diffraction fwhm of ∼12 nm with diffraction efficiencies of >30% for 213 nm laser light and possess nanoscale porosities of ∼20 nm. Relative to reported silica IOs that diffract deep UV light, these new PhC materials show at least 28% narrower spectral bandwidths and 5-fold increased diffraction efficiencies. We postulate that increased ordering of the silica network is the principal factor that improves the optical performance. Furthermore, the relatively flat, homogeneous IO film surfaces produce narrow, symmetric diffraction beams suitable for optical imaging applications. Strategies to further improve the diffraction efficiencies of these silica IO materials and the implications for novel technological applications are discussed.
Neurochemical signatures revealed by glutamine labeling in the chicken retina (1994)

Postembedding immunocytochemistry was used to determine the retinal distribution of the amino acid glutamine, and characterize amino acid signatures in the avian retinal ganglion cell layer. Glutamine is a potential precursor of glutamate and some glutamatergic neurons may use this amino acid to sustain production of glutamate for neurotransmission. Ganglion cells, cells in the inner nuclear layer, and some photoreceptors exhibited glutamine immunoreactivity of varying intensity. Ganglion cells demonstrated the highest level of immunoreactivity which indicates either slow glutamine turnover or active maintenance of a large standing glutamine pool relative to other glutamatergic neurons. Müller's cells in the avian retina are involved in glutamate uptake and carbon recycling by the rapid conversion of glutamate to glutamine, thus explaining the low glutamate and high glutamine immunoreactivity found throughout Müller's cells. Most chicken retinal ganglion cells are glutamate (E) and glutamine (Q) immunoreactive but display diverse signatures with presumed functional subsets of cells displaying admixtures of E and Q with GABA (gamma) and/or glycine (G). The four major ganglion cell signatures are (1) EQ; (2) EQ gamma; (3) EQG; and (4) EQ gamma G.
Detecting concept mentions in biomedical text using hidden Markov model: multiple concept types at once or one at a time? (2014)

The current results suggest that detection of concept phrases could be improved by simultaneously tackling multiple concept types. This also suggests that we should annotate multiple concept types in developing a new corpus for machine learning models. Further investigation is expected to gain insights in the underlying mechanism to achieve good performance when multiple concept types are considered.
Increased Visibility of Deep Medullary Veins in Transient Ischemic Attack Patients by Using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (2017)

Objectives: To explore alteration of deep medullary veins (DMVs) in transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients by using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Patients and Methods: Fifty-three TIA patients and 53 matched gender and age controls' SWI data were studied by comparing their DMVs asymmetry/score between groups. The DMVs score based on the degree of visibility were assessed from 0 (not visible) to 3 (very prominent) for both hemispheres separately. A different score between the two hemispheres was defined as asymmetric DMVs (ADMVs), and an equal score was defined as symmetric DMVs. The higher score in the two hemispheres worked as its DMVs score for ADMVs. In ADMVs, based on whether the affected hemisphere, which was defined according to clinical symptoms by neurologists, gets a higher score or not, was defined as ipsilateral or contralateral asymmetric DMVs (iADMVs or cADMVs). Results: The agreement between neuroradiologists for both asymmetry and score of DMVs on TIA patients' SWI were excellent. There were statistically significant differences for the score of DMVs between TIA and the control group (P < 0.05) even when they were analyzed by further stratification analysis according to the asymmetry of DMVs, as well as asymmetry of DMVs. Of fifty-three patients, 16 patients were present with ADMVs, including 10 iADMVs, and six cADMVs.
Topologically protected gates for quantum computation with non-Abelian anyons in the Pfaffian quantum Hall state (2006)

We extend the topological quantum computation scheme using the Pfaffian quantum Hall state, which has been recently proposed by Das Sarma et al., in a way that might potentially allow for the topologically protected construction of a universal set of quantum gates. We construct, for the first time, a topologically protected controlled-NOT gate, which is entirely based on quasihole braidings of Pfaffian qubits. All single-qubit gates, except for the $\ensuremath{\pi}∕8$ gate, are also explicitly implemented by quasihole braidings. Instead of the $\ensuremath{\pi}∕8$ gate we try to construct a topologically protected Toffoli gate, in terms of the controlled-phase gate and CNOT or by a braid-group-based controlled-controlled-$Z$ precursor. We also give a topologically protected realization of the Bravyi-Kitaev two-qubit gate ${g}_{3}$.
Superlight – A Permissionless, Light-client Only Blockchain with Self-Contained Proofs and BLS Signatures (2019)

Blockchain protocols are based on a distributed database where stored data is guaranteed to be immutable. The requirement that all nodes have to maintain their own local copy of the database ensures security while consensus mechanisms help deciding which data gets added to the database and keep powerful adversaries from derailing the system. However, since the database that forms the foundation of a blockchain is a continuously growing list of blocks, scalability is an inherent problem of this technology. Some public blockchains need a few 100 GB to Terabytes of storage.In this work, we present the concept Superlight with self-contained proofs, which is designed to improve scalability of a public blockchain, while preserving security and decentralization. Instead of all nodes having a local copy of the whole blockchain to verify a transaction, nodes can derive the validity of a transaction by only using block headers. To keep the block headers compact, BLS signatures are used to combine signatures. We provide a definition of SCPs and show the required steps of a client to create a proof that is accepted by other nodes for transferring funds. The advantage of such a light-client-only blockchain is the lower storage requirement, while the drawback is an increased computational complexity due to BLS signatures, limited use-cases due to lack of a global state, and the requirement for an interactive protocol between sender, receiver, and miner to create a transaction.
Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of the Aqueous and Organic Mixtures Composed of Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether, Dipropylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether, and Propylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether. Part I: Experimental Study (2021)

An experimental and theoretical study was undertaken for three ether glycols (mixtures of isomers). The present paper, being the first part of a complex study, reports the experimental part of the study using a static apparatus, namely, the vapor–liquid equilibria of dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM), dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPnB), and propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB), and the vapor–liquid equilibria of their pseudo-binary mixtures composed of (PnB + DPM), (DPM + DPnB), (PnB + DPnB), and the aqueous solutions of each ether. The explored temperature range is between 283.15 and 363.15 K. The experimental points were fitted using the Antoine equation. No literature data was found for comparison. The aim of this paper is not only to provide the obtained experimental data but also to highlight the eventual challenges when working with very low vapor pressure compounds and mixtures. The second part is related to a theoretical study with the development of a thermodynamic model for the representation of the experimental data.
Bandlimited entanglement harvesting (2020)

There are many reasons to believe that there is a fundamental minimum length scale below which distances cannot be reliably resolved. One method of constructing a quantum field with a finite minimum length scale is to use bandlimited quantum field theory, where the spacetime is mathematically both continuous and discrete. This is a modification to the field, which has been shown to have many consequences at the level of the field. We consider an operational approach and use a pair of particle detectors (two-level qubits) as a local probe of the field, which are coupled to the vacuum of the bandlimited massless scalar field in a time-dependent way through a switching function. We show that, mathematically, the bandlimit modifies the spatial profile of the detectors so that they are only quasilocal. We explore two different types of switching functions, Gaussian and Dirac delta. We find that, with Gaussian switching, the bandlimit exponentially suppresses the deexcitation of the detectors when the energy gap between the two levels is larger than the bandlimit. If the detectors are prepared in ground state, in certain regions of the parameter space they are able to extract more entanglement from the field than if there was no bandlimit. When the detectors couple with Dirac-delta switching, we show that a particle detector is most sensitive to the bandlimit when it couples to a small but finite region of spacetime. We find that the effects of a bandlimit are detectable using local probes. This work is important because it illustrates the possible observable consequences of a fundamental bandlimit in a quantum field.
Optical heterodyne millimeter-wave generation using 1.55-μm traveling-wave photodetectors (2001)

Optical heterodyne millimeter-wave generation using traveling-wave photodetectors (TW-PDs) is examined both experimentally and theoretically. Ultrahigh-frequency InP-based 1.55-/spl mu/m TW-PDs were fabricated and employed in an experimental setup for optical heterodyning. For the first time, optical heterodyne millimeter-wave generation in excess of 160 GHz is experimentally demonstrated in the frequency domain. The maximum electrical power delivered by the TW-PD to a 5052 impedance is -11.5 dBm at 110 GHz with a polarization penalty of only 1.3 dB. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis in frequency domain is presented describing the frequency response of TW-PD including effects of the photogenerated carrier dynamics as well as optical and electrical wave propagation phenomena. A broadband and flat frequency response is found indicating a total rolloff of about 13.1 dB for a frequency span from 25 GHz to 200 GHz. Finally, the detectors responsivity is theoretically investigated to differentiate between the physical phenomena associated with high-frequency limitations.
Structural Requirements of Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators (2006)

Nerve agents (sarin, soman, cyclosarin, tabun and VX agent) and pesticides (paraoxon, chlorpyrifos, TEPP) represent extremely toxic group of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs). These compounds inhibit enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) via its phosphorylation or phosphonylation at the serine hydroxy group in its active site. Afterwards, AChE is not able to serve its physiological function and intoxicated organism is died due to overstimulation of cholinergic nervous system. The current standard treatment of poisoning with highly toxic OPCs usually consists of the combined administration of anticholinergic drugs (preferably atropine) and AChE reactivators (called "oximes"). Anticholinergic drugs block effects of accumulated neurotransmitter acetylcholine at nicotinic and muscarinic receptor sites, while oximes reactivate AChE inhibited by OPCs. Unfortunately, none from the currently used oximes is sufficiently effective against all known nerve agents and pesticides. Therefore, to find new oximes able to sufficiently reactivate inhibited AChE (regardless of the type of OPCs) is still very important task for medicinal chemistry with the aim to improve the efficacy of antidotal treatment of the acute poisonings mentioned. In this paper, the relationship between chemical structure of AChE reactivators and their ability to reactivate AChE inhibited by several nerve agents and pesticides is summarized. It is shown that there are several structural fragments possibly involving in the structure of proposed AChE reactivators. Finally, an attempt of a future course of new AChE reactivators development is discussed.
Helminths, hosts, and their microbiota: new avenues for managing gastrointestinal helminthiases in ruminants (2020)

In order for this knowledge to be translated into practical applications, we argue that several aspects of the nematode-microbiota cross-talk must be addressed, including (i) the causality of interactions between the parasite, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system, (ii) the modes of action of dietary prebiotics and probiotics, (iii) the mechanisms by which diet supplementation aids the development of resistance/tolerance to GI helminth infections and (iv) the composition of the GIN microbiome and its role(s) in parasite biology and physiology.
High-inductive short-circuit Type IV in multi-level converter protection schemes (2016)

To build a redundant medium-voltage converter, the semiconductors must be able to turn OFF different short circuits. The most challenging one is a hard turn OFF of a diode which is called short-circuit type IV. Without any protection measures this short circuit destroys the high-voltage diode. Therefore, a novel three-level converter with an increased short-circuit inductance is used. In this paper several short-circuit measurements on a 6.5 kV diode are presented which explain the effect of the protection measures. Moreover, the limits of the protection scheme are presented.
Simplified understanding and efficient decoding of a class of algebraic-geometric codes (1994)

An efficient decoding algorithm for algebraic-geometric codes is presented. For codes from a large class of irreducible plane curves, including Hermitian curves, it can correct up to [(d*-1)/2] errors, where d* is the designed minimum distance. With it we also obtain a proof of d/sub min//spl ges/d* without directly using the Riemann-Roch theorem. The algorithm consists of Gaussian elimination on a specially arranged syndrome matrix, followed by a novel majority voting scheme. A fast implementation incorporating block Hankel matrix techniques is obtained whose worst-case running time is O(mn/sup 2/), where m is the degree of the curve. Applications of our techniques to decoding other algebraic-geometric codes, to decoding BCH codes to actual minimum distance, and to two-dimensional shift register synthesis are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adaptive video streaming for mobile clients (2008)

Digital video streaming has attracted large interest in research as well as in commercial areas in recent years. The evolution of digital video coding and broadband Internet access enables a large number of users to access high quality video streams with several devices varying from mobile phones to notebooks. However, digital video streaming still has high resource requirements concerning the transmission and decoding of the streams. Especially mobile devices often cannot comply with such resource demands. This paper briefly describes our multimedia gateway implementation which provides video adaptation to mobile clients by using multidimensional compressed domain transcoding mechanisms.
Continuous blood glucose monitoring reduces the risk to ICU patients (2015)

GlySure Limited (Abingdon, UK), has developed a continuous intravascular glucose monitoring system (CIGMS) to simplify the application of hospital protocols for optimal glucose control at the point of care. We have previously reported on the early