gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the β-common receptor by erythropoietin impairs acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in mouse mesenteric arterioles (2018)

Clinically, erythropoietin (EPO) is known to increase systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure. However, EPO stimulates the production of the potent vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO), in culture endothelial cells. The mechanism by which EPO causes vasoconstriction despite stimulating NO production may be dependent on its ability to activate two receptor complexes, the homodimeric EPO (EPOR<sub>2</sub> ) and the heterodimeric EPOR/β-common receptor (βCR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of each receptor to the vasoactive properties of EPO. First-order, mesenteric arteries were isolated from 16-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, and arterial function was studied in pressure arteriographs. To determine the contribution of each receptor complex, EPO-stimulating peptide (ESP), which binds and activates the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR complex, and EPO, which activates both receptors, were added to the arteriograph chamber 20 min prior to evaluation of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, bradykinin, A23187) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator responses. Only ACh-induced vasodilation was impaired in arteries pretreated with EPO or ESP. EPO and ESP pretreatment abolished ACh-induced vasodilation by 100% and 60%, respectively. EPO and ESP did not affect endothelium-independent vasodilation by SNP. Additionally, a novel βCR inhibitory peptide (βIP), which was computationally developed, prevented the impairment of acetylcholine-induced vasodilation by EPO and ESP, further implicating the EPOR/βCR complex. Last, pretreatment with either EPO or ESP did not affect vasoconstriction by phenylephrine and KCl. Taken together, these findings suggest that acute activation of the heterodimeric EPOR/βCR in endothelial cells leads to a selective impairment of ACh-mediated vasodilator response in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries.
Intravenous Infusion of Cis-Trans Perfluorodecalin Emulsions in the Rhesus Monkey (1976)

Introduction Interest in the possibility of making fluorocarbon-based artificial blood began following the discovery by Clark (1) that animals survived the breathing of oxygen-saturated FC75 (3M Company). Since that time over 150 papers have been published, a FASEB Symposium (2) and several industrial symposia have been held on the subject. Reviews by Sloviter (3) and Geyer (4) have been published. A large number of perfluorochemicals (PFC) have been screened for this purpose. Most PFC carry oxygen in biologically significant quantities. But most are ruled out for practical use because, after performing their oxygen-carrying function, they remain in the body, largely in the liver, after being taken up mainly by the mononuclear phagocytes as are all PFC. So far it seems that only those containing fluorine and carbon or fluorine, carbon and bromine in their structure leave the body. Although we have not completed our testing of the PFC on hand
PHILADELPHIA DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1938)

<h3>Kaposi's Sarcoma (Multiple Idiopathic Hemorrhagic Sarcoma). Presented by Dr. Donald M. Pillsbury.</h3> L. C., a well developed and moderately obese native-born American aged 48, had his right hand frostbitten five years ago. A short time later the hand assumed a violaceous color, which has persisted. During the winter the hand swells, but the swelling subsides during the summer. About two years ago he noted on the dorsum of the left hand a violaceous lesion, which has been slowly but progressively extending. For the past six months he has noticed similar discoloration on the third, the fourth and the big toe of the right foot and on the left ankle and for the past five weeks on the third and the fourth toe of the left foot. The entire right nand is involved with a dusky bluish brown blotchy plaque, and there is diffuse moderate swelling. On the ulnar side of
Diaminoplatinum(II) Complexes of Glutamic Acid: Obvious Chelating Isomerization (1994)

Coordination isomers of cis-(N-N)Pt(Glu) prepared by reaction of cis-(N-N)Pt() (N-N=2, ethylenediamine(en),(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA)) with barium glutamate in water have been monitored and characterized by , , IR, and mass spectra. The reaction at room temperature affords the mixture of O,O'-and N, O-chelated platinum(II) complexes. The O,O'-chelate initially formed isomerized to N,O-chelate on standing for a long time or increasing temperature. The ratio of the two isomers at room temperature depends on the nature of the nitrogen donor coligand (N-N).
Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals: Advances in Medicinal Chemistry (2015)

Fluorine atom is a suitable bioisostere in diverse organofluorine compounds acting as anti-infective agents.
Quadrature Bridge for $R$– $C$ Comparisons Based on Polyphase Digital Synthesis (2008)

A coaxial quadrature bridge based on digital synthesis has been developed. The bridge compares two resistance standards (having nominal resistance R) with two capacitance standards (nominal capacitance C) at an angular frequency omega (such that omegaRC ap 1). All standards are defined as two terminal-pair impedances. All voltages and currents employed in the bridge are generated by a multiphase direct digital synthesizer constructed around a personal computer digital-to-analog converter (DAC) board and a set of buffer amplifiers; the number of electromagnetic devices has been kept to a minimum. The purpose of the bridge is to be employed in the realization of the farad unit, starting from the representation of ohm given by the quantum Hall effect. The relative bridge accuracy during the calibration of 1000-pF capacitors in terms of 100-kOmega resistors at omega = 10 krad ldr s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> has been verified to be less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> ; preliminary uncertainty assignments give a transfer uncertainty of a few parts in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> .
Thermomechanical Formation and Recovery of Nanoindents in a Shape Memory Polymer Studied Using a Heated Tip (2007)

This paper investigates the thermomechanical formation and recovery of nanometer-scale indents in a shape memory polymer (SMP), studied using a heated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and hot-stage atomic force microscopy. The material tested is a tert-butyl acrylate (tBA)-based polymer, which has a glass transition temperature of 60 degrees C. The AFM tip forms indents in the polymer in the temperature range 25-250 degrees C. The shape recovery of the indents is studied while the polymer is heated up to 100 degrees C. The temperature required for complete annealing of the indents depends upon the indentation formation conditions, with higher temperature formation corresponding to higher temperature recovery.
A 5-year prospective multicenter follow-up report on overdentures supported by osseointegrated implants. (1996)

This report presents the results of a 5-year prospective multicenter study including nine centers worldwide. A total of 30 patients received 117 Brånemark implants in the maxillae, and 103 patients received 393 implants in the mandibles. According to the protocol, all integrated maxillary implants were to be loaded; however, only two of four mandibular implants were planned for support of the overdentures, leaving the remaining implants covered by mucosa as backup for possible implant failures. Thirty-five patients (26.3%) who were provided with 127 implants (24.9%) were withdrawn from the study. Six patients treated in the maxilla lost all their implants and resumed wearing complete dentures. The cumulative success rates for implants and for overdentures supported by two implants in the edentulous mandible were 94.5% and 100%, respectively. The corresponding cumulative success rates for implants and for overdentures supported by an optimal number of implants in the maxilla were 72.4% and 77.9%, respectively. Significantly better jawbone characteristics at the time of implant surgery were considered to contribute to the better cumulative success rates in the mandibles. Mean marginal bone loss was 0.8 mm (SD 0.8) and 0.5 mm (SD 0.8) for loaded implants during a 5-year period of time in the maxillae and mandibles, respectively. Measurements of the clinical height of the abutment cylinders indicated a mean recession (0.2 mm) of peri-implant mucosa during the follow-up period in the mandibles. Conversely, hyperplasia was observed in the maxillae.
Utilizing Model-Based Communication and Control for Cooperative Automated Vehicle Applications (2017)

Connected vehicle applications rely on wireless communication for achieving real-time situational awareness and enabling automated actions or driver warnings. Given the constraints of the communication systems, it is critical to employ communication strategies and approaches that allow robust situational awareness. In this work, we utilize the recently introduced concept of model-based communication and design a new strategy based on small- and large-scale modeling of vehicle movement dynamics. Our approach is to describe the small-scale structure of the remote vehicle movement (e.g., braking, accelerating) by a set of dynamic models (ARX models) and represent the large-scale structure (e.g., free following, turning) by coupling these ARX models together into a Markov chain. The effect of this design is investigated for the case of cooperative adaptive cruise control application. Assuming model-based communication approach is used with the coupled model, a novel stochastic model predictive method is proposed to achieve cruise control goals. We use actual highway driving maneuvers to compare the proposed methodology with the conventional design of cooperative adaptive cruise control.
The Functional Size of the Human Maxillary Ostium in Vivo (1974)

A method for measuring the functional size of the maxillary ostium in living man is described. It is based on the measurements of the pressure rise in a maxillary ostium with patent ostium caused by an air stream led into the sinus through a cannula entering the antrum through the lower nasal meatus. The pressure rise is dependent on the airflow led into the sinus and the size of the ostium. Model experiments were performed and from these a nomogram was constructed. This nomogram is used for the calculation of the size of the maxillary ostia in living man. A clinical study of 37 normal persons showed that the mean functional size corresponded to a diameter of 2.4 mm and that there was no difference in ostial size between men and women, nor any correlation between volume of the maxillary sinus and size of the ostium.
The Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways Are Required for an Oncostatin M-responsive Element-mediated Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Gene Expression (1997)

Both astrocytes in the central nervous system and fibroblasts in somatic tissues are not only the major sources of extracellular matrix components but also of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes directly involved in extracellular matrix breakdown. We have analyzed the regulation of the expression of MMPs and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in human primary astrocytes stimulated with oncostatin M (OSM) and other extracellular mediators in comparison with normal human dermal fibroblasts. It was found that OSM induced/enhanced transcription of MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase) and MMP-3 (stromelysin 1) in astrocytes, and MMP-1, MMP-9 (gelatinase B), and TIMP-1 in fibroblasts. Analysis of the signal transduction leading to activation of the MMP-1 gene revealed the presence of an OSM-responsive element (OMRE) encompassing the AP-1 binding site and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) binding element, which mediate activation by OSM. OMRE is also present in the TIMP-1 gene promoter and, although there are some differences in these two motifs, both appear to be targets for the simultaneous action of OSM-induced nuclear effectors. The induced enhancement of transcription by synergistically acting AP-1 and STAT binding elements in response to OSM is Raf-dependent. Cross-talk between the mitogen-activated protein kinase and JAK-STAT pathways is required to achieve maximal induction of the OMRE-driven transcription by OSM.
Artificial Intelligence for Surgical Safety (2020)

Deep learning algorithms can be trained to reliably segment hepatocystic anatomy and assess CVS criteria in still laparoscopic images. Surgical-technical partnerships should be encouraged to develop and evaluate deep learning models to improve surgical safety.
The lack of the organic cation transporter OCT1 at the plasma membrane of tumor cells precludes a positive response to sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Results confirmed OCT1 downregulation in half of the cases investigated (10% absent, 38% weak). However, only one third of tumors expressing OCT1 displayed plasma membrane location (15% vs. 36% cytosolic expression). When comparing HCC with and without OCT1 expression, no different sorafenib response was found. When tumors expressing OCT1 at the plasma membrane were considered separately, a marked longer survival was found (Log Rank p<0.001). No association between OCT1 expression at the plasma membrane with tumor stage, previous treatment with TACE or radiological response was seen.In conclusion, these results indicate that the presence of OCT1 at the plasma membrane, rather than its expression levels, is related to better outcome of HCC patients treated with sorafenib.
Alkyl− and Aryl−Oxygen Bond Activation in Solution by Rhodium(I), Palladium(II), and Nickel(II). Transition-Metal-Based Selectivity (1998)

Reaction of [RhCl(C8H14)2]2 (C8H14 = cyclooctene) with 2 equiv of the aryl methyl ether phosphine 1 in C6D6 results in an unprecedented metal insertion into the strong sp2−sp3 aryl−O bond. This remarkable reaction proceeds even at room temperature and occurs directly, with no intermediacy of C−H activation or insertion into the adjacent weaker ArO−CH3 bond. Two new phenoxy complexes (8 and 9), which are analogous to the product of insertion into the ArO−CH3 bond (had it taken place) were prepared and shown not to be intermediates in the Ar−OCH3 bond cleavage process. Thus, aryl−O bond activation by the nucleophilic Rh(I) is kinetically preferred over activation of the alkyl−O bond. The phenoxy Rh(I)−η1-N2 complex (8) is in equilibrium with the crystallographically characterized Rh(I)−μ-N2−Rh(I) dimer (12). Reaction of [RhCl(C8H14)2]2 with 2 equiv of the aryl methyl ether phosphine 2, PPh3, and excess HSiR3 (R = OCH2CH3, CH2CH3) results also in selective metal insertion into the aryl−O bond and formation of (CH3O)SiR3. Thus, transfer of a OCH3 group from carbon to silicon was accomplished, showing that hydrosilation of an unstrained aryl−O single bond by a primary silane is possible. The selectivity of C−O bond activation is markedly dependent on the transition-metal complex and the alkyl group involved, allowing direction of the C−O bond activation process at either the aryl−O or alkyl−O bond. Thus, contrary to the reactivity of the rhodium complex, reaction of NiI2 or Pd(CF3CO2)2 with 1 equiv of 1 in ethanol or C6D6 at elevated temperatures results in exclusive activation of the sp3−sp3 ArO−CH3 bond, while reaction of the analogous aryl ethyl ether 4 and Pd(CF3CO2)2 results in both sp3−sp3 and sp2−sp3 C−O bond activation. The resulting phenoxy Pd(II) complex (18) is fully characterized by X-ray analysis. Heating the latter under mild dihydrogen pressure results in hydrodeoxygenation to afford an aryl−Pd(II) complex (19).
High average power KrF laser-plasma x-ray source for lithography at 1nm wavelength (1996)

A laser-plasma X-ray source has been developed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for application to x-ray lithography at 0.18&mu;m and beyond, as well as for generation of deep structures. This source provides a calibrated X-ray output of up to 1W (average power) 1nm wavelength (Cu L-shell emission) and 1.5W &commat; 1.4nm (Fe L-shell)<sup>1</sup>. Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the RAL laser-plasma x-ray source.
Comportement et étude des graves-émulsion. Coopération public-privé : Chantier expérimental de la RD 44, présentation du site et de son instrumentation (2011)

Après avoir réalisé et suivi, dans le cadre de leurs recherches internes, deux sections expérimentales instrumentée de graves-émulsion structurantes pour évaluer leur comportement in situ, l'IFSTTAR et le réseau scientifique et technique (RST) du MEDDTL, ont entrepris en 2008 en collaboration avec l'union syndicale des industries routières (USIRF) et le conseil général d'Ille-et-Vilaine, la réalisation d'une troisième section sur la RD 44 près de Rennes. Cette expérimentation vise à suivre l'évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques et physiques du matériau tout au long des étapes de fabrication, de mise en oeuvre et de service au moyen d'une instrumentation adaptée et implantée dans la chaussée.
Legal Liability and the Uncertain Nature of Risk Prediction: The Case of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models (2012)

There is existing case law on family history and genetics that parallels in many respects the use of risk prediction models. However, the idea of a bad 'prediction' is a difficult legal concept. Outside of a plain misuse or failure to use a risk prediction model when circumstances clearly required it, there is little legal guidance presently available to determine the risk for medical liability.
An important but easily overlooked medical complication of multiple trauma (2011)

A 53-year-old man was trapped under a hydraulic lift on the back of his lorry trailer. He was found to have spinal injuries with a comminuted unstable fracture of T6 and stable fracture of T12. He had further fractures of the left first rib, right second rib, and his sternum. He was admitted to the orthopaedic ward for conservative management with a spinal splint for five weeks. He remained stable until day 20 of his admission when he became hypotensive and tachycardic. Blood tests demonstrated hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia. Despite fluid resuscitation and emergency treatment for hyperkalaemia he remained hypotensive and hyponatraemic. An endocrine opinion was requested and he was found to have an abnormal short synacthen test (cortisol of 436 nmol/L falling to 398 nmol/L at 30 min). ACTH was high at 208 ng/L, and thyroid function tests were normal (TSH 2.02 mU/L, FT4 15.4 pmol/L) indicating an intact pituitary axis. His hypotension and electrolyte abnormality rapidly responded to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment. A repeat short synacthen test has confirmed persistent hypoadrenalism (peak cortisol 175 nmol/L at 30 min). Although the adrenal glands lie retroperitoneally at the level of T12 which was fractured, a CT scan at the time of trauma showed no signs of adrenal gland damage. A repeat scan one year post event showed no calcification to suggest previous haemorrhage.
An Artificial Voice and Miniature Anechoic Chamber for Hearing Aid Measurements (1953)

There is described an enclosure for a standard loudspeaker mechanism which provides a compact sound source or artificial voice. With a size slightly larger than a human head, the frequency range is 100 to 7000 cps. A simple and reproducible arrangement of damping felt gives unusual flatness. This artificial voice can either be used in free space or with a small chamber arranged as an acoustic labyrinth, for testing microphones and hearing aids. In the chamber, a calibrating microphone is mounted opposite the test microphone for continuous monitoring. Simple RC compensating networks are utilized to equalize the sound source for either free-space or labyrinth measurements.
Influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the development of prostate cancer. (2002)

Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of cytokine genes may influence prostate cancer (PC) development via regulation of the antitumor immune response and/or pathways of tumor angiogenesis. PC patients (247) and 263 controls were genotyped for interleukin (IL)-1beta-511, IL-8-251, IL-10-1082, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-1154 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Patient control comparisons revealed that IL-8 TT and VEGF AA genotypes were decreased in patients compared with controls [23.9 versus 32.3%; P = 0.04, odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.99 and 6.3 versus 12.9%; P = 0.01, OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.86, respectively], whereas the IL-10 AA genotype was significantly increased in patients compared with controls (31.6 versus 20.6%; P = 0.01, OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.77). Stratification according to prognostic indicators showed association between IL-8 genotype and log prostate-specific antigen level (P = 0.05). These results suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with differential production of IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF are risk factors for PC, possibly acting via their influence on angiogenesis.
The Oil Crisis Revisited (1985)

The outbreak of peace between Egypt and Israel seems to have prevented anyone from commemorating the fifth anniversary of the Yom Kippur war. But the news of the shut-off of supplies from the strife-torn Iranian oil fields reminds one fairly sharply that we stand too on the fifth anniversary of the Great Oil Crisis of 1973. It is an era fairly burnt (if that is the word) into one's memory. Looking back, the event that sticks most clearly in my mind is going out into Oxford High Street at 8 pm on a Saturday evening and finding so little traffic that one could have played a rubber of bridge in the middle of the road without serious risk of disturbance. Other images of the crisis were less pacific — the hysteria of the filling-station queues and the furious resentment at the Arabs 'holding the west to ransom' by acting in the most traditional western way and getting the best price they could for their product.
Slow Growth and Increased Spontaneous Mutation Frequency in Respiratory Deficientafo1- Yeast Suppressed by a Dominant Mutation inATP3 (2020)

A yeast deletion mutation in the nuclear-encoded gene, <i>AFO1</i>, which codes for a mitochondrial ribosomal protein, led to slow growth on glucose, the inability to grow on glycerol or ethanol, and loss of mitochondrial DNA and respiration. We noticed that <i>afo1</i><sup>-</sup> yeast readily obtains secondary mutations that suppress aspects of this phenotype, including its growth defect. We characterized and identified a dominant missense suppressor mutation in the <i>ATP3</i> gene. Comparing isogenic slowly growing rho-zero and rapidly growing suppressed <i>afo1</i><sup>-</sup> strains under carefully controlled fermentation conditions showed that energy charge was not significantly different between strains and was not causal for the observed growth properties. Surprisingly, in a wild-type background, the dominant suppressor allele of <i>ATP3</i> still allowed respiratory growth but increased the petite frequency. Similarly, a slow-growing respiratory deficient <i>afo1</i><sup>-</sup> strain displayed an about twofold increase in spontaneous frequency of point mutations (comparable to the rho-zero strain) while the suppressed strain showed mutation frequency comparable to the respiratory-competent WT strain. We conclude, that phenotypes that result from <i>afo1</i><sup>-</sup> are mostly explained by rapidly emerging mutations that compensate for the slow growth that typically follows respiratory deficiency.