Comparisons of16QAMModulation Schemes Considering PAPR forSingle-Carrier FDMA Radio Access inEvolved UTRAUplink (2006)

Thispaper compares theachievable packet error rate toreduce thePAPR,theapplication ofthen/2-shifted BPSK andthroughput performance levels of16QAMmodulationmodulation scheme wasproposed andadopted (3). However, schemes considering thepeak-to-average powerratio forsingle-thethedegree ofeffectiveness indecreasing thePAPR islow carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) inthe fortheapplication oftheic/4-shifted QPSK andoffset QPSK Evolved UTRA uplink. Simulation results showthattheeffective required average received signal energy persymbol-to-noise (OQPSK)modulation schemes. ThePAPRreduction effect for powerspectrum density ratio (ES/No) including thecubic metric thesameapproach forthe16QAMmodulation schemeisalso (CM)ofthe(8,8)star 16QAMmodulation scheme isdecreasedsmall. Therefore, different approaches that decrease thePAPR byapproximately 0.8dBcompared tothat ofthesquare 16QAM arenecessary forQPSKand16QAM modulation schemes. This modulation scheme using Turbocoding withthecoding rateof paperfocuses onthe16QAM modulation scheme.Itiswell R = 1/3inthesix-ray Typical Urbanchannel model, whenthe knownthatthesquare16QAM modulation schemeprovides amplitude ratio between theinner andouterring, Rradius, isequal theleast required received signal-to-noise powerratio (SNR) to to1.2. Theresults alsoshowthatalthough thestar16QAM the le required biteerro rator p or rate (PER) to modulation schemereduces theeffective required averagesatisfytherequiredbiterrorrateorpacketerrorrate(PER)among received ES/No including theCM compared tothesquare 16QAM the16QAMmodulation schemes (4). However, theachievable modulation scheme, this merit isconcealed bytheapplication of PER orthroughput considering thePAPR hasnotyetbeen lowmodulation schemes suchasQPSKand8PSKwhenadaptivereported tobebestknowledge oftheauthors. modulation andcoding isapplied. Therefore, weconclude that Therefore, thispapercompares theachievable PER and thesquare16QAM modulation schemeisanappropriatethroughput performance levels of16QAMmodulation schemes candidate forSC-FDMAradio accessintheEvolved UTRAuplink.considering thePAPRforSC-FDMAradio accessintheEvolved UTRAuplink. Inthepaper, weuseacubic metric (CM), which is anempirical criterion corresponding tothetransmission back- Thespecification ofthestudy item ontheEvolved UTRA(UMTS offofthetransmitter poweramplifier (5). Weinvestigate thePER Terrestrial Radio Access) andUTRAN(UMTSTerrestrial Radio andthroughput perfonmance levels including thecalculated CM Access Network) isanticipated tobeaccomplished inJunethis valueintotherequired average received signal energy per yearinthe3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). The symbol-to-noise powerratio (E,/No). Therest ofthepaperis Evolved UTRA andUTRAN willachieve fullIP-basedorganized asfollows. First, Section IIdescribes the16QAM functionalities withlowlatency andlowcost employing the3G modulation schemes assumed inthepaper. Then,PAPR,CM, spectrum withthemaximumchannel bandwidth of20MHz(1).andPERperformance levels areinvestigated forthevarious Inthedownlink, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing 16QAMmodulation schemes inSection III. Finally, Section IV (OFDM) based radio accesswasadopted, since OFDM isrobustpresents theoverall PERandthroughput performance levels against severe multipath interference, i.e., time dispersion, which considering theCM astransmission back-off. occursinbroadband channels widerthan, e.g., 5MHz. Meanwhile, theachievement ofwidearea coverage isoneofthe ll.16QAMMODULATION SCHEMES mostimportant requirements inacellular system. Thus, radio The16QAMmodulation scheme isemployed nearacell site accessandrelevant techniques arenecessary toachieve this with ahigh received signal-to-interf