gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology (1976)

The serum dilution neutralization test was evaluated for serological diagnosis of California group arbovirus infections and identification of virus isolates. The technical advantages and the degree of subtype specificity of the serum dilution neutralization test over the hemagglutination inhibition test and the complement fixation test were demonstrated with paired specimens from human cases, single human survey sera, and sentinel rabbit sera. Twenty-one virus isolates from various geographical areas of the United States were also used to evaluate the efficacy of the serum dilution neutralization test for specific virus identification.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Studies of β‐Carbolines. Part 4. Crystal and Molecular Structures of tert.‐Butyl β‐Carboline‐3‐carboxylate and 2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)canthin‐6‐one. (1989)

Abstract The crystal structures of the title compounds (I) and (II), i.e. of two ligands for the benzodiazepine receptor, are investigated by X‐ray analyses (both space group P2 1 /c with Z=4).
Non-iterative phase retrieval by phase modulation through a single parameter (2016)

We report on a novel non-iterative phase retrieval method with which the complex-valued transmission function of an object can be retrieved with a non-iterative computation, with a limited number of intensity measurements. The measurements are taken in either real space or Fourier space, and for each measurement the phase in its dual space is modulated according to a single optical parameter. The requirement found for the phase modulation function is a general one, which therefore allows for plenty of customization in this method. It is shown that quantitative Zernike phase contrast imaging is one special case of this general method. With simulations we investigate the sampling requirements for a microscopy setup and for a Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) setup.
Polar stratospheric clouds in the 1998–2003 Antarctic vortex: Microphysical modeling and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III observations (2006)

The Integrated Microphysics and Aerosol Chemistry on Trajectories (IMPACT) model is used to study polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation and evolution in the Antarctic vortex. The model is applied to individual air parcel trajectories driven by UK Met Office (UKMO) wind and temperature fields. The IMPACT model calculates the parcel microphysics, including the formation and sedimentation of ice, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), sulfuric acid tetrahydrate (SAT), and supercooled ternary solution (STS) aerosols. Model results are validated by comparison with data obtained by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III solar occultation instrument and are examined for 6 years of POAM data (1998–2003). Comparisons of POAM water vapor and aerosol extinction measurements to the model results help to constrain three microphysical parameters influencing the formation and growth of both type I and type II PSCs. Principally, measurements of aerosol extinction prove to be valuable in differentiating model runs; the relationship of aerosol extinction to temperature is determined by the various particle types as they form and grow. Comparison of IMPACT calculations of this relationship to POAM measurements suggests that the initial fraction of nuclei available for heterogeneous NAT freezing is approximately 0.02% of all aerosols. Constraints are also placed on the accommodation coefficient of ice and the NAT‐ice lattice compatibility. However, these two parameters have similar effects on the extinction‐temperature relationship, and thus a range of values are permissible for each.
Could predicted post-pacing interval from theoretical mathematical formula replace the observed post-pacing interval in clinical practice? (2016)

Waldo and colleagues originally described entrainment in 1977 (1). The proposed criteria for the recognition of entrainment were proposed: (I) when pacing at a constant rate that is faster than the rate of the tachycardia and which fails to interrupt it, constant fusion beats in the electrocardiography (ECG) are demonstrated during pacing except for the last captured beat, which is not fused; (II) during a tachycardia, when pacing at two or more constant rates that are faster than the rate of the tachycardia but fails to interrupt it, there is the demonstration of constant fusion beats in the ECG at each rate, but different degrees of constant fusion at each rate (2,3); (III) during a tachycardia, when pacing at a constant rate that is faster than the rate of tachycardia and which interrupts it, there is the demonstration of localized conduction block to a site or sites for one beat followed by activation of that site or those sites by the next paced beat from a different direction are demonstrated and associated with a shorter conduction time (3); (IV) during a tachycardia, when pacing at two constant rates that are faster than the rate of tachycardia, but which fail to interrupt it, there is the demonstration of a change in conduction time to and electrogram morphology at an electrode recording site (4).
Particle Size Distribution Measurement Techniques and Their Relevance or Irrelevance to Sand Control Design (2014)

Abstract Sand particle size distributions (PSD) are used for various purposes in sand control: decision between various sand control techniques, sizing of the filter media (sand screens and/or gravel packs) through either rules of thumb or physical experiments or theoretical models. PSD of formation sand samples are also often used to generate "simulated" formation sand for laboratory experiments. The two most commonly used techniques for PSD measurements are sieve and laser, while some engineers use one technique for no obvious or justifiable reasons, others use both techniques for measurements and don't know what to do with the data when significant differences exist in PSDs obtained from each technique. Although the inherent limitations of, and the differences between, these two techniques as well as other factors impacting the measurements are well known, a systematic study as to what is relevant to sand control and why, is lacking. In this paper, we critically review the current practices in PSD determination, use (and misuse) of the information obtained from these measurements, propose a methodology towards determining what is relevant, when and why, and present initial experimental results that support our conclusions.
Mussel-inspired antifouling coatings bearing polymer loops (2015)

This work reports the preparation of antifouling coatings bearing polymer loops using a mussel-inspired ABA triblock copolymer using a simple drop coating method. With similar end graft density, the loop-bearing surfaces show a more enhanced protein-reduction performance than the brush-bearing surfaces.
Influence of Soot Contamination in API CI-4 Engine Oil on Four-Ball Metallic Wear Using Electron Microscopy Image Analysis (2020)

Abstract Engine lubricant has an important role in decreasing friction and the wearing of moving parts in the engine. However, soot contaminated in engine oil could change chemical and physical properties that affect the lubricant oil operation. Soot particles were simulated using carbon black in order to eliminate the effect of metallic ash and unburned hydrocarbon, which contained in particulate matter. The carbon black was blended in CI-4 lubricating oil. The investigation of metallic wear was associated with the use of a four-ball wear test. The amount of wear was compared by measuring the wear scar diameter of the worn surface on the steel balls. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for characterizing wear scar and surface roughness, respectively. In addition, the evidence of lubricant additive elements was detected on the wear surface by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). This research found that engine oil with soot contamination could lead to increasing amounts of abrasive wear by 83% and has approximately 1.1% larger wear scar diameter.
Mechanical Properties of Thermomechanical Treated Hyper-Eutectic Al&ndash;Si&ndash;(Fe,Mn,Cu) Materials (2005)

Tensile and high-cycle fatigue behavior of thermomechanical treated hyper-eutectic Al–Si–(Fe,Mn,Cu) materials were studied. Through the repeated thermomechanical treatment (RTMT) which is a repeat of the multi steps cold-working followed by heat treatment, Si crystals and/or intermetallic compounds were broken into some fragments and dispersed in the aluminum matrix. Fine dispersion of the second phase particles exhibited good ductility, since early fracture was overcome. A few large Si crystals or aggregates of compounds, however, gave an origin of fatigue crack generation. Since microcrack linkage generates a larger fetal crack, not only refinement but also random distribution of second particles may be required to improve fatigue strength at and below room temperature. At higher temperature, on the other hand, dynamic recovery may cause apparent strain rate dependence on flow curves.
Affinity Chromatography of Bovine Pancratic Ribonuclease A (1969)

5′‐(4‐Aminophenyl‐phosphoryl)‐uridine‐2′(3′)‐phosphate was synthesized and coupled to Sepharose by activation with cyanogen bromide. This conjugate was used as a specific adsorbent for purification of ribonuclease A by affinity chromatography. Totally reduced and oxidized RNase preparations which are enzymatically inactive were not adsorbed or retarded by the RNase‐specific column, while S‐protein is strongly retarded.
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Surface Damages Resulting from Wet Polishing in a Polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride Substrate (1991)

AlN polycrystalline specimens were wet-polished with Al2O3 and Cr2O3 abrasives. A flat surface with a roughness of 100nm was achieved, while the surface layer was heavily damaged. High-voltage electron microscopy revealed that the damaged and/or dislocated layer was about 0.5μm thick and a few dislocations propagated deeper. The source of dislocation such as free surface and grain boundary was discussed.
Pressure-induced dimerization kinetics of fullerene C60 (2000)

Dimerization kinetics was studied for fullerene C60 by IR spectroscopy at a pressure of 1.5 GPa in the temperature range 373–473 K. The kinetic curves for the formation of a dimer (C60)2 were obtained using its analytical IR band at 796 cm−1. Under the assumption that pressure-induced C60 dimerization is a second-order irreversible reaction, the reaction rate constants were determined at different temperatures. The corresponding activation energy and preexponential factor were found to be 134±6 kJ/mol and (1.74± 0.24)×1014 s−1, respectively. The specific features of the solid-phase C60 dimerization in simple cubic and face-centered cubic fullerite phases are discussed.
Association of Fear Auras with Mood and Anxiety Disorders After Temporal Lobectomy (2001)

Postoperative mood and anxiety disorders were more common in fear aura patients after temporal lobectomy, in particular, if seizure free. Possible mechanisms include the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, the concepts of forced normalization, and kindling.
Hepatic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Using Hollow Fibers as a Scaffold and Its Application to a Bioartificial Liver (2012)

Embryonic stem cell (ES cell) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell) have an almost unlimited capacity for self-renewal and potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. These cells have much attention as a cell source for a regenerative medicine technology. To realize the therapeutic potential of these stem cells, it is necessary to establish an effective differentiation method from undifferentiated stem cell to specific matured cell. In this study, we investigated the hepatic differentiation of mouse ES cells by the applying hollow fiber (HF)/organoid culture method, in which cultured cells form a cellular aggregate called an “organoid” in the lumen of the HF. ES cells showed high proliferative activity immediately after cell seeding. The expressions of liver-specific functions were detected after about 2 weeks of the hepatic differentiation induction in the HF/organoid culture. As an application of this differentiation technique to regenerative medicine, we designed a hollow fiber-type bioartificial liver device. Because of high proliferative activity of ES cells and high cell density, the maximum expression level of liver-specific functions per unit volume of the device were comparable to that seen in primary mouse hepatocyte culture. In conclusion, the HF/organoid culture method has promise as an effective tool for the differentiation of ES cells into hepatocytes.
Uncovering Regulatory Pathways with Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (2007)

The automated inference or prediction of protein-protein interaction networks from large-scale measurements and other genomic data has become a standard technique in systems biology. However, typically these networks only represent undirected interactions between proteins, without classifying the type and directionality of interactions. Regulatory interactions transmit signals and are activating or repressing. As a step towards more detailed understanding of such regulatory networks, we present a novel approach for the integration of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data with protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. Application of this approach to a new yeast interaction network with 3,491 proteins and 16,438 interactions (covering PPI and transcriptional interactions) allows us to infer the directionality of interactions and also to identify pathways that regulate the expression of individual genes. Inferred pathways contain chains of PPI as well as transcription factor - DNA interactions. We discuss the regulation of the DNA damage related transcription factor Rpn4p as an example. This new approach facilitates eQTL as a rich data source for the unbiased inference of regulatory pathways.
Preparation egg yolk* of N-acetylneuraminic acid from delipidated (1992)

Egg yolk, a large proportion of the egg, was studied for the preparation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). The delipidated hen egg yolk (DEY; 500 kg containing 0.2~ w/w, Neu5Ac) was hydrolysed with HC1 (pH 1.4) at 80 °C and neutralized with NaOH (pH 6.0). The mixture was filtered and electrodialysed until the conductivity was 240 IIS cm- ~. The filtrate was applied on a column of Dowex HCR-W2 (20-50 mesh), followed by a column of Dowex l-X8 (200-400 mesh). The latter column was washed with water, and then eluted with a linear gradient of HCO2 H (0-2 M). The eluates containing Neu5Ac were concentrated using a reverse osmosis membrane and, finally, rotary evaporated at 40 °C. The residue was then lyophilized to yield 500 g Neu5Ac. The purity of Neu5Ac was > 98~ (TBA method). HPLC, NMR spectroscopy and TLC chromatography of the product obtained from the DEY showed that Neu5Ac was the sole derivative present in egg yolk. The DEY, a byproduct from egg processing plants, was found to be an excellent source for the large-scale preparation of Neu5Ac.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective and Regioselective Singlet Oxygen Ene Oxyfunctionalization (Schenck Reaction): Photooxygenation of Allylic Amines and Their Acyl Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical predictors of cardiac magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement in patients with atrial fibrillation (2016)

In a cohort of patients presenting for initial AF ablation, the presence of pre-ablation LA LGE extent was weakly, but positively associated with increasing LA volume.
Correlations between 31 P NMR Spectroscopy and 15 O Perfusion Measurements in the RIF-1 Murine Tumor in Vivo (1986)

The tumor physiological environment is one of the least understood and most important factors in determining the response of solid tumors to cancer therapy. To examine several important characteristics of the tumor physiological environment we have used in situ photon activation-15O decay measurements (perfusion characteristics) and 31P surface coil-NMR spectroscopy (metabolic characteristics) to observe in vivo subcutaneous RIF-1 tumors grown in female C3H/Anf mice. The following correlations between the 15O perfusion characteristics and the 31P NMR metabolic characteristics in individual tumors were observed: a negative correlation between pH, as measured by NMR (pHNMR), and the inorganic phosphate to nucleosides triphosphate peak height ratio (Pi:NTP); for the well-perfused fraction of the tumor there is a positive correlation with both pHNMR and the phosphocreatine to nucleosides triphosphate peak height ratio (PCr:NTP), and a negative correlation with Pi:NTP. These correlations are interpreted as evidence for a direct relationship between the distribution of cellular physiological environments and the tumor metabolic state. Because these physiological characteristics affect tumor response to various therapeutic modalities and both measurements can be made on humans, it is suggested that these techniques may be of prognostic value in the clinical management of human cancer.
Primase is required for helicase activity and helicase alters the specificity of primase in the enteropathogen Clostridium difficile (2016)

DNA replication is an essential and conserved process in all domains of life and may serve as a target for the development of new antimicrobials. However, such developments are hindered by subtle mechanistic differences and limited understanding of DNA replication in pathogenic microorganisms. Clostridium difficile is the main cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea and its DNA replication machinery is virtually uncharacterized. We identify and characterize the mechanistic details of the putative replicative helicase (CD3657), helicase-loader ATPase (CD3654) and primase (CD1454) of C. difficile, and reconstitute helicase and primase activities in vitro We demonstrate a direct and ATP-dependent interaction between the helicase loader and the helicase. Furthermore, we find that helicase activity is dependent on the presence of primase in vitro The inherent trinucleotide specificity of primase is determined by a single lysine residue and is similar to the primase of the extreme thermophile Aquifex aeolicus. However, the presence of helicase allows more efficient de novo synthesis of RNA primers from non-preferred trinucleotides. Thus, loader-helicase-primase interactions, which crucially mediate helicase loading and activation during DNA replication in all organisms, differ critically in C. difficile from that of the well-studied Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis model.
Fiber-tip spintronic terahertz emitters (2023)

Spintronic terahertz emitters promise terahertz sources with an unmatched broad frequency bandwidth that are easy to fabricate and operate, and therefore easy to scale at low cost. However, current experiments and proofs of concept rely on free-space ultrafast pump lasers and rather complex benchtop setups. This contrasts with the requirements of widespread industrial applications, where robust, compact, and safe designs are needed. To meet these requirements, we present a novel fiber-tip spintronic terahertz emitter solution that allows spintronic terahertz systems to be fully fiber-coupled. Using single-mode fiber waveguiding, the newly developed solution naturally leads to a simple and straightforward terahertz near-field imaging system with a 90%-10% knife-edge-response spatial resolution of 30 $μm$.
Outcomes in patients undergoing multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention using sirolimus-eluting stents: a report from the e-SELECT registry (2011)

Overall procedural and one year outcomes were excellent for both single- and multivessel procedures. However despite lower lesion complexity, performing multivessel PCI was associated with higher rates of periprocedural myocardial infarction and MACE when compared to single-vessel PCI in the e-SELECT registry.
MEMS-Controlled Paper-Like Transmissive Flexible Display (2010)

A novel microelectromechanical-systems (MEMS)-controlled paper-like transmissive flexible display device was modeled by a combination of a cantilever with a flat plate and was realized by roll-to-roll printing process for the first time. This model provides predictions as well as improvement suggestions to both mechanical and electrical designs. A newly developed roll-to-roll printing process which was composed of flexography, gravure, lift-off, and lamination techniques used to manufacture this device was proved applicable on flexible electronics with high-volume, low-cost, and large-area solutions. This 20 V-driven device provided distinguishable three primary colors with averaged transmittance of 50% in visible region for full color flexible display applications and showed commercialization compatibility. Its electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics excelled previous similar works. The proved major advantages of mechanical reliability, low operation voltage, and process simplicity done by this work made the MEMS flexible display an important alternative to electrophoretic, electrowetting, and electrochromic systems.
Erratum: MRI monitoring of focal cerebral ischemia in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐deficient mice (2008)

Abstract NMR In Biomedicine : MRI monitoring of focal cerebral ischemia in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐deficient mice. Jean‐Baptiste Pialat, Tae‐Hee Chao, Olivier Beuf, Elisabeth Joye, Samir Moucharaffie, Jean‐Baptiste Langlois, Chantal Nemoz, Marc Janier, Yves Berthezene, Norbert Nighoghossian, Béatrice Desvergnre and Marlene Wiart. Published online April 24 2007, Issue 20:3, pp. 335–342; DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1157 . Following publication it has been noted that an author's name was misspelt. As above, the author was spelt as “Samir Moucharaffie”. It should have been spelt as “Samir Moucharrafie”.
Indications and safety of intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy (2011)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy is an important method of treatment for a number of immunological, hematological, neurological and dermatological disorders. Over the years, the range of indications in which Ig therapy, either replacement or immunomodulatory, is effective has substantially increased. Although Ig therapy was originally limited to intramuscular injection, intravenous infusion has became the most frequent route of administration, followed by subcutaneous injection. This article presents current information on indications, mechanisms of action, efficacy and practical aspects of intravenous and subcutaneous Ig replacement/immunomodulatory therapy as well as associated adverse reactions.
Isolation of Pure Human Pexipherac Blood T-Lymphocytes using Nylon Wool Columns (1972)

AbstractInvestigations in animals and man have demonstrated that lymphocytes can be subdivided into populations with large and small amunts of cell surface lmmunoglobulins, identified as bone marrow (B) and thymus (T) derived lymphocytes respectively. We damonstrate that the incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with a sufficiently long column of nylon wool results in the recovery of a pure population of nonimmunoglobulin bearing cells. This provides for the first time an opportunity to study the functional properties of pure human T-lymphocytes.