gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of filtering and biodeposition by the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri on benthic-pelagic coupling in a eutrophic bay in China (2006)

In coastal ecosystems, suspension-cultured bivalve filter feeders may exert a strong impact on phytoplankton and other suspended particulate matter and induce strong pelagic-benthic coupling via intense filtering and biodeposition. We designed an in situ method to determine spatial variations in the filtering-biodeposition process by intensively suspension-cultured scallops Chlamys farreri in summer in a eutrophic bay (Sishili Bay, China), using cylindrical biodeposition traps directly suspended from longlines under ambient environmental conditions. Results showed that bivalve filtering-biodeposition could substantially enhance the deposition of total suspended material and the flux of C, N and P to the benthos, indicating that the suspended filter feeders could strongly enhance pelagic-benthic coupling and exert basin-scale impacts in the Sishili Bay ecosystem. The biodeposition rates of 1-yr-old scallops varied markedly among culture sites (33.8 to 133.0 mg dry material ind. - d -1 ), and were positively correlated with seston concentrations. Mean C, N and P biodeposition rates were 4.00, 0.51, 0.11 mg ind. - d -1 , respectively. The biodeposition rates of 2-yr-old scallops were almost double these values. Sedimentation rates at scallop culture sites averaged 2.46 times that at the reference site. Theoretically, the total water column of the bay could be filtered by the cultured scallops in 12 d, with daily seston removal amounting to 64%. This study indicated that filteringbiodeposition by suspension-cultured scallops could exert long-lasting top-down control on phytoplankton biomass and other suspended material in the Sishili Bay ecosystem. In coastal waters subject to anthropogenic N and P inputs, suspended bivalve aquaculture could be advantageous, not only economically, but also ecologically, by functioning as a biofilter and potentially mitigating eutrophication pressures. Compared with distribution-restricted wild bivalves, suspension-cultured bivalves in deeper coastal bays may be more efficient in processing seston on a basin scale.
Effects of cadmium on manganese peroxidase (2000)

Inhibition of manganese peroxidase by cadmium was studied under steady-state and transient-state kinetic conditions. CdII is a reversible competitive inhibitor of MnII in the steady state with Ki approximately 10 microM. CdII also inhibits enzyme-generated MnIII-chelate-mediated oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol with Ki approximately 4 microM. CdII does not inhibit direct oxidation of phenols such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol or guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) in the absence of MnII. CdII alters the heme Soret on binding manganese peroxidase and exhibits a Kd approximately 8 microM, similar to Mn (Kd approximately 10 microM). Under transient-state conditions, CdII inhibits reduction of compound I and compound II by MnII at pH 4.5. However, CdII does not inhibit formation of compound I nor does it inhibit reduction of the enzyme intermediates by phenols in the absence of MnII. Kinetic analysis suggests that CdII binds at the MnII-binding site, preventing oxidation of MnII, but does not impair oxidation of substrates, such as phenols, which do not bind at the MnII-binding site. Finally, at pH 4.5 and 55 degrees C, MnII and CdII both protect manganese peroxidase from thermal denaturation more efficiently than CaII, extending the half-life of the enzyme by more than twofold. Furthermore, the combination of half MnII and half CdII nearly quadruples the enzyme half-life over either metal alone or either metal in combination with CaII.
COPD-Phänotypisierung mittels Computertomografie: Emphysemverteilung zwischen Kern- und Rindenregion der Lunge (2009)

Für eine Phänotypisierung der COPD spielt die räumliche Verteilung der emphysematösen Areale in der Lunge eine wichtige Rolle. Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung der Verteilung der emphysematösen Veränderungen zwischen der zentralen Kernregion und der subpleuralen Rindenregion der Lunge in einem breit gestreuten Kollektiv von COPD-Patienten.
Investigation of slip correlation in two-phase flow. (1980)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: two-phase flowslip correlationconservation equationmass transferenergy transfermomentum transferairwater
High-Density Optical Storage with Nanospheres on Surface Relief Structure (2002)

We report optical storage media using fluorescent nanospheres on a surface relief structure. By using a nanosphere as one recording bit, we can carry out high-density recording. We have developed a new recording medium by arranging and fixing a large number of nanospheres on a two-dimensional surface relief grating (SRG).
Wireless Charging of an Autonomous Drone (2020)

The aim of this paper is to design an efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) system to autonomously charge a drone without any need for human intervention for the purpose of allowing drone operation to be completely autonomous. The system would be able to utilize an off-grid PV system, meaning it can be used in areas with no grid power. A dedicated high frequency inverter (100 kHz) is designed for the purpose of connecting the PV system to the wireless power transfer system and the Litz wire transmission coils that can operate at high frequency. The secondary side of the WPT would include a rectifier, buck converter, battery protection, and data logging units. Microcontrollers will be installed on both secondary and primary side to be able to initiate/stop the charging process, log data etc. This project promotes the overall goal towards a completely autonomous drone as it helps to charge the drone without the need for human intervention. Rather than deploying humans for the purpose of charging the drone, each off-grid location can be equipped with a solar powered wireless charger that will make the inspection process more convenient. Simulations and experimental results are used to validate the design methodology.
Model Predictive Pulse Pattern Control for the Five-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter (2013)

In this paper, the recently introduced model predictive pulse pattern control (MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C) strategy is adapted to the ACS 2000 medium-voltage (MV) drive of ABB. The drive system consists of a five-level active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC-5L) rectifier, an inverter, and an induction machine (IM). The inverter is fed with offline-computed optimized pulse patterns (OPPs) that produce minimum harmonic distortion in the stator windings of the ac machine. An optimal stator flux trajectory is calculated from these OPPs, and a trajectory controller tracks it in real time. In the proposed approach, trajectory tracking is based on model predictive control: a constrained optimal control problem is formulated and solved in real time in a computationally efficient manner. An event-based prediction horizon is employed in order to ensure fast tracking of the stator flux trajectory. The advantages of the proposed method are optimal steady-state behavior in terms of harmonic distortion and fast torque response. The method was tested on an MV ANPC-5L inverter coupled to a general-purpose 1.21-MW IM. Experimental results were obtained from this industrial setup, and they are presented in this paper to demonstrate the high performance of MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C.
Appreciation at Work training and the Motivating by Appreciation Inventory: development and validity (2016)

Purpose – This paper aims to present the process, progress and validity of the Motivating By Appreciation Inventory and the Appreciation at Work training. Design/methodology/approach – Several methods were utilized such as surveys, pre- and post-interviews and data from the inventory results. Findings – For the Motivating by Appreciation Inventory , the results showed that the results are consistent and stable over time. For the Appreciation at Work training, the results of surveys before and after the training showed high levels of positive change. Originality/value – When individuals feel appreciated and valued for their contributions in the workplace, good results follow, including increased employee engagement, less staff turnover, higher customer satisfaction ratings and the organization grows in its sense of purpose. The Motivating by Appreciation Inventory and Appreciation at Work Training are unique tools that help organizations grow in employee appreciation.
Comparison of the Single Pixel Development of DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) and Laser Exposure Modules in Electrophotographic Printing (1999)

DMD and laser exposure modules are compared with respect to the formation of a single pixel on the photoconductor. Toner development is assumed to neutralize the normal component of the electric field above the photoconductor at the location of the toner about to be developed. This field is produced by bias voltages, the single pixel latent image, and toner already developed. Care is taken in predicting development of the second layer of toner to assume that the latent image is on the surface of the photoconductor and the first layer of toner is above the surface of the photoconductor. The predicted toner development is in accord with the experimental data. The analysis shows that the normal component of the electric field for single pixel development produced by a 600 dpi DMD exposure module is stronger than the corresponding field of an 85 &#x3BC;m wide Gaussian pixel produced by a laser exposure module. Therefore, toner development resulting from the DMD exposure module is more stable, smaller, and more compact on the photoconductor than the toner developed image produced by the corresponding laser exposure module. Comparing theory with experimental data where the exposure of the photoconductor by the DMD exposure module is varied, suggests that toner development only begins after a threshold electric field is reached. Justification for a threshold behavior is given.
Algorithms for X-SAR processing (2002)

The German/Italian X-SAR is an X-band SAR to be flown together with the SIR-C instrument on the Shuttle Radar Lab missions in April and December 1994. The paper describes the algorithms used in the X-SAR processor at DLR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ciz1 cooperates with cyclin-A–CDK2 to activate mammalian DNA replication in vitro (2010)

Initiation of mammalian DNA replication can be reconstituted from isolated G1-phase nuclei and cell extracts, supplemented with cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Under these conditions, cyclin E supports pre-replication complex assembly, whereas cyclin-A-associated kinase acts later to terminate assembly and activate DNA replication. The mechanism by which these events are coordinated is unknown. Here, we show that the replication factor Ciz1 interacts with cyclins E and A sequentially through distinct cyclin-binding motifs. Cyclin A displaces cyclin E from Ciz1 in a manner that is dependent on functional domains that are essential for its role in DNA replication. Furthermore, in cell-free assays, recombinant cyclin-A-CDK2 complexes and recombinant Ciz1 cooperate to promote initiation of DNA replication in late G1-phase nuclei. In addition, Ciz1 supports immobilization of cyclin A in isolated nuclei and depletion of Ciz1 by RNAi impairs immobilization, suggesting that Ciz1 promotes initiation by helping to target the kinase to a specific subnuclear compartment. We propose that Ciz1 acts to coordinate the functions of cyclins E and A in the nucleus, by delivering cyclin-A-associated kinase to sites that are specified by cyclin E, helping to ensure that they execute their functions in the same place and in the correct order.
Mathematical Model of Sulfur Dioxide Absorption into a Calcium Hydroxide Slurry in a Spray Dryer (1990)

Abstract This paper reports on the development of a comprehensive model to simulate the absorption of gaseous SO2 into a calcium hydroxide slurry in a spray dryer flue gas desulfurization system. In this study, the model was modified to incorporate the input of surface area of the calcium hydroxide particles. Previous studies assumed spherical particles. A sensitivity analysis was then conducted to determine the sensitivity of the model to surface area at particle size of 2, 3, 4, and 6 micrometers.
How Relevant Is Air pollution as a Trigger for Myocardial Infarction? (2007)

ISEE-539 Objective: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown to be triggered by various factors, such as physical activity, stress, eating, and air pollution, but there is some debate about the relevance of each trigger. Materials and Methods: We sought to determine an attributable risk based on a comprehensive review of the literature. We included case-crossover studies on triggers of MI. Results: Of the studies reviewed, 13 provided sufficient details to be considered. In the studied population, the frequency of the different reported triggers preceding the onset of acute MI ranged from 1% to 29%. The reported odds ratios (OR) ranged from 1.5 to 23.7. The OR of the different triggers was inversely associated with their frequency of occurrence (r=−0.78; P=0.01). Ranking triggers from the lowest to the highest OR resulted in the following order: use of cocaine, heavy meal, heavy physical activity, smoking of marijuana, work stress, traffic exposure, sexual activity, anger, and use of coffee. Taking into account the OR and the prevalences of exposure among the cases, the highest attributable fractions were observed for physical activity (5.7), anger (5.6), and coffee (5.3), followed by exposure to traffic (3.7), heavy meal (2.9), smoking marijuana (2.5), sexual activity (1.8), stress at work (1.1), and cocaine use (0.9). Conclusions: Considering both the reported OR and the frequency of external triggers in the onset of acute MI, air pollution, especially via exposure to traffic, is a relevant trigger of MI compared to other triggers.
Ontogeny of monoamine neurons in the locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei and substantia nigra of the rat (1975)

Synaptogenesis was studied in the monoamine (MA) cell groups locus coeruleus (LC), dorsal and medial raphe nuclei (RN) and substantia nigra, zona compacta (SN) between day 18 of gestation and postnatal day 60 using ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) to visualize synaptic profiles. Nuclear area, and cellular packing density (inversely proportional to area of neuropil) were also determined. As determined using the E-PTA method, synaptogenesis begins in the neuropil of the SN first, on or before 18 days of gestation, and in the LC and RN at 19 days. Synaptogenesis on MA cell perikarya is first observed in the SN, on or before 18 days, and in the LC and RN at 20 days. The onset of somatic synaptogenesis coincides with the beginning of nuclear growth and development of the neuropil (decrease in cellular packing density) in all MA cell areas, raising the possibility of common factors in the initiation of these processes. Nonsynaptic contacts precede the appearance of synaptic profiles both in the neuropil and on the somata of the MA cells of the LC, RN and SN, and may represent precursors of mature synapses or desmosome-like contacts. Somatosomatic nonsynaptic contacts occur only prenatally between adjacent MA neurons in the LC, RN and SN. Although some synaptogenesis occurs prenatally in these MA cell groups (indiciating that these parts of the MA circuitry may be functional before birth), most of this synaptogenesis occurs postnatally and continues into adulthood. Since such synaptogenesis does not begin until 2-4 days prior to birth, whereas these neurons and their processes exhibit MA fluorescence as early as 12-14 days of gestation, they apparently are capable of synthesizing transmitter and proliferating terminals before they themselves are innervated.
Correspondence of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion during Suckling in Postpartum Cows (2000)

The hypothalamus in the lower part of the brain contains neurons that produce a small peptide, gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH, LHRH), that regulates luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by the anterior pituitary gland. Important functions of LH include induction of ovulation in preovulatory follicles during estrus and the luteinization of granulosa cells lining those collapsed follicles to form corpora lutea that produce progesterone during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle or during pregnancy. The production of progesterone by the corpus luteum conveys a negative feed-back action at the central nervous system (CNS) for further episodic secretion of GnRH and in turn, LH secretion. Gonadal removal (i.e., ovariectomy) allows a greater amount of LH secretion to occur during a prolonged period. The objectives of this study were to characterize the pattern of GnRH secretion in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the bovine third ventricle region of the hypothalamus, determine its correspondence with the tonic and surge release of LH in ovariectomized cows, and examine the dynamics of GnRH pulse release activity in response to known modulators of LH release (suckling, neuropeptide-Y [NPY]). In ovariectomized cows, both tonic release patterns and estradiol-induced surges of GnRH and LH were highly correlated. A 500-microgram dose of NPY caused an immediate cessation of LH pulses and decreased plasma concentrations of LH for at least 4 hours. This corresponded with a decrease in both GnRH pulse amplitude and frequency. In anestrous cows, GnRH pulse frequency did not change before and 48 to 54 hours after weaning on day 18 postpartum, but GnRH concentration and amplitudes of GnRH pulses increased in association with weaning and heightened secretion of LH. It is clear that high-frequency, highamplitude pulses of LH are accompanied by similar patterns of GnRH in CSF of adult cattle. Yet strong inhibitors of LH pulsatility, putatively acting at the level of the central nervous system (i.e., suckling) or at both the central nervous system and pituitary (NPY) levels, produced periods of discordance between GnRH and LH pulses.
An Analysis of the Search Spaces for Generate and Validate Patch Generation Systems (2016)

We present the first systematic analysis of the characteristics of patch search spaces for automatic patch generation systems. We analyze the search spaces of two current state-of-the-art systems, SPR and Prophet, with 16 different search space configurations. Our results are derived from an analysis of 1104 different search spaces and 768 patch generation executions. Together these experiments consumed over 9000 hours of CPU time on Amazon EC2. The analysis shows that 1) correct patches are sparse in the search spaces (typically at most one correct patch per search space per defect), 2) incorrect patches that nevertheless pass all of the test cases in the validation test suite are typically orders of magnitude more abundant, and 3) leveraging information other than the test suite is therefore critical for enabling the system to successfully isolate correct patches. We also characterize a key tradeoff in the structure of the search spaces. Larger and richer search spaces that contain correct patches for more defects can actually cause systems to find fewer, not more, correct patches. We identify two reasons for this phenomenon: 1) increased validation times because of the presence of more candidate patches and 2) more incorrect patches that pass the test suite and block the discovery of correct patches. These fundamental properties, which are all characterized for the first time in this paper, help explain why past systems often fail to generate correct patches and help identify challenges, opportunities, and productive future directions for the field.
Implantation of a second Amplatzer device to eliminate residual shunt after transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure (2009)

We report a case of implantation of a second Amplatzer device in order to eliminate a residual postprocedural shunt after transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure. Echocardiographic and angiographic images are presented.
Role of Spermidine in the Ice–Nucleating Activity of the EIM fromErwinia uredovoraKUIN-3 (1994)

Polyamines have been shown to be necessary for the activity of the extracellular ice–nucleating matter (EIM) from the ice–nucleating bacterium, Erwinia uredovora KUIN-3. When this bacterium was cultured in the presence of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), MGBG (2 mM), the ice–nucleating activity of the EIM significantly decreased. Further, the thermal (25–40°C) and pH (alkaline region) stabilities of the activity were stimulated by the addition of spermidine. This phenomenon only occurred in the class A and B structures, and it showed that the hydrophobicities of the class A and B structures in the EIM increased with the addition of spermidine as judged by the freezing difference spectra. We then found by using fluorescent reagents that the physiological roles of spermidine in the EIM controlled the charge, free-amino groups, and hydrophobicities on the surface of the EIM. In conclusion, one could predict that spermidine took part in the charge of the surface, the control of hydrophobicity, and the stability of protein conformation in the class A and B structures in the EIM, and is a critical component in the class A and B nucleating structures.
Thienyl Difluoroboron ß-Diketonates in Solution and Polylactide Media* (2016)

Difluoroboron β-diketonates have impressive optical properties in both solution and the solid state. In particular, both fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence are present when the dyes are confined to a rigid matrix, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). To expand current knowledge and color range capabilities of this unique type of multi-emitting chromophore, a series of thienyl-substituted BF<sub>2</sub>bdk complexes have been synthesized. The photophysical properties were investigated in methylene chloride solution and in the solid state as dye/PLA blends. By varying donor ability, i.e. methyl, phenyl, methoxyl, and thienyl substituents, and by changing the dye loading in the PLA media (0.1-10% dye loading) red-shifted emission was achieved, important for biological imaging applications. In dilute CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> solution, complexes exhibited absorptions ranging from 350 - 420 nm, solid-state fluorescence in PLA ranging from 390 - 500 nm, and oxygen sensitive phosphorescence ranging from 540 - 585 nm in PLA blends. Promising candidates as dye/PLA blends serve as models for dyepolymer conjugates for application as biological oxygen nanoprobes.
Bi2Se3 Hall Effect Magnetometer for Reliable Low Temperature Use (1973)

Single crystals of n-type Bi2Se3 grown by the Bridgman technique are found to make excellent Hall effect magnetometers capable of repeated cycling to liquid helium temperatures. Plots of Hall resistivity, ρyx, versus magnetic field B to 11 tesla deviate from linearity by less than ±0.8% for all temperatures between 1.1 and 300 K. Furthermore, the slope of the ρyx versus B curve varies by less than 2% in the region 1.1 to 78 K.