gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Synchronization in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2004)

Abstract. This report presents a brief overview of network synchronization in the context of Wireless Ad Hoc networks. A network synchronization algorithm is proposed and computer performance evaluations presented that show the feasibility of a mutual network synchronization algorithm compatible with an IEEE 802.11 complaint station. The algorithm proposed seeks to synchronize the clocks of the nodes in a Wireless Ad Hoc network in which single-hop (Wireless LAN) or multi-hop communication is supported. No use is made of a master clock such as the one provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS) or by a fixed cluster of broadcasting stations. The algorithm takes advantage of the simplicity of the clock-sampling technique to exchange timing information among the nodes, and the truly distributed characteristic of a mutual network synchronization approach. The beacon messages specified in the IEEE 802.11 standard are used to periodically send the timestamps by each node. A steady-state inter-node timedeviation error less than ten microseconds is obtained after a transition period during which the clocks in the network learn about their drift differences. Performance results for the single-hop and multi-hop case are presented using computer simulations that show a considerable improvement in terms of scalability and maximum inter-node time deviation error with respect to the timing synchronization function (TSF) of the IEEE 802.11 independent basic service set (IBSS) network. Additional results are presented for a modification of the original algorithm in which beacon transmission permission probabilities are computed per node in order to improve the spreading of the synchronization information in a multi-hop network. The contribution of this work is, 1) The performance evaluation of the TSF in a multi-hop scenario, 2) the performance evaluation and approximate analysis of simple extensions to the TSF algorithm, and 3) The introduction of a more scalable and accurate network synchronization algorithm for wireless Ad Hoc networks. 1.
Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of graphene reinforced polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanocomposites (2014)

Nanocomposites of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) with (70/30) composition containing different amounts of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) (1, 3, and 5 wt%) were prepared by melt‐blending in a twin‐screw extruder. The structural, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The Young's modulus and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites were increased by 30 and 54%, respectively, when 3 wt% GNPs was added. The flexural strength and tensile strength of the PC/ABS/GNPs nanocomposites increased up to a loading of 3 wt% GNPs. The incorporation of GNPs enhanced the thermal stability and char yield of the nanocomposites. X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion and alignment of GNPs in PC/ABS matrix. The interaction between the GNPs and the PC/ABS matrix were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. Therefore, the PC/ABS/GNP nanocomposites with improved flexural and tensile properties, without loss of extensibility and good thermal properties may have promising applications in automotive, electric tools, household, communication, and safety appliances. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1633–1640, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Gliadin Peptides as Triggers of the Proliferative and Stress/Innate Immune Response of the Celiac Small Intestinal Mucosa (2014)

Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. The major mediator of the stress and innate immune response to gliadin peptides (i.e., peptide 31-43, P31-43) is the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). The role of epithelial growth factor (EGF) as a mediator of enterocyte proliferation and the innate immune response has been described. In this paper, we review the most recent literature on the mechanisms responsible for triggering the up-regulation of these mediators in CD by gliadin peptides. We will discuss the role of P31-43 in enterocyte proliferation, structural changes and the innate immune response in CD mucosa in cooperation with EGF and IL-15, and the mechanism of up-regulation of these mediators related to vesicular trafficking. We will also review the literature that focuses on constitutive alterations of the structure, signalling/proliferation and stress/innate immunity pathways of CD cells. Finally, we will discuss how these pathways can be triggered by gliadin peptide P31-43 in controls, mimicking the celiac cellular phenotype.
Genetic Engineering of Polyamine Catabolism in Transgenic Mice and Rats (2006)

The biosynthetic pathway of the polyamines is practically irreversible because it involves two decarboxylation reactions. The first evidence, however, indicating that spermidine can be converted to putrescine and spermine to spermidine emerged in the late 1960s when Siimes (1) found that radioactive spermidine and spermine yielded labeled putrescine and spermidine in rat liver in vivo. An additional 10 yr were required before the first enzyme, polyamine oxidase (PAO), of a separate polyamine backconversion pathway was purified and characterized (2). Polyamine oxidase strongly favors acetylated spermidine and spermine over the natural polyamines as its substrates (2). That the oxidation of unmodified spermidine and spermine is greatly enhanced by benzaldehyde (or other aldehydes) is in all likelihood attributable to Schiff base formation between the primary amino groups of the polyamine and the aldehydes, thus mimicking the charge distribution of acetylated polyamines (2). It soon became evident that spermidine and spermine are acetylated by a cytosolic enzyme, spermidine/spermine N 1 -acetyltransferase (SSAT), that is highly inducible and has a very short half-life (3). Recently, another oxidase involved in polyamine catabolism was found and named spermine oxidase (4,5). The latter enzyme is practically specific for spermine and does not catalyze the oxidation of spermidine or acetylated polyamines (4,5). In the SSAT/PAO-dependent backconversion pathway, SSAT clearly is the rate-controlling enzyme because PAO is a constitutively expressed enzyme occurring in great excess in comparison with inducible SSAT (6). Moreover, PAO oxidizes only acetylated polyamines.
Properties of Broadband Terahertz Generation in Birefringent ZnGeP2 (2012)

Generation of terahertz pulses by optical rectification is demonstrated in chalcopyrite ZnGeP2 (ZGP) as a function of pump intensity, wavelength and crystal orientation. For infrared excitation, ZGP emission exceeds that of GaAs and GaP.
Identification of a mutation in the arylsulfatase A gene of a patient with adult-type metachromatic leukodystrophy. (1991)

To analyze the genetic abnormality in a Japanese patient with adult-type metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), we first elucidated the genomic organization of the human arylsulfatase A (ASA) gene and then compared the nucleotide sequences of exons and splice junctions of the mutant ASA gene to those of a normal control. We have identified a new mutation, a G-to-A transition in exon 2, which results in amino acid substitution of Asp for 99Gly. In a transient expression study, COS cells transfected with the mutant cDNA carrying 99Gly----Asp did not show an increase of ASA activity, which confirms that the mutation is a cause of adult-type MLD.
Surface science in an MOCVD environment: Arsenic on vicinal Ge(100) (1999)

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of arsine-exposed vicinal Ge(100) surfaces show that most As/Ge steps are reconstructed, and that a variety of different step structures exist. The entire family of reconstructed As/Ge steps can be divided into two types, which we have chosen to call “single-row” steps and “double-row” steps. In this paper we propose a model for a double-row step created by annealing a vicinal Ge(100) substrate under an arsine flux in a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) chamber.
Enhancement of upconversion luminescence of Er doped Al2O3 films by Ag island films (2008)

Strong enhancement of upconversion photoluminescence (PL) of Er3+ in the visible range was achieved by placing it near rough Ag island films. In order to understand the mechanism of the enhancement, PL was excited by 978 and 488nm light and the enhancement factors were obtained in a wide spectral range (520nmto1.6μm). The emission and excitation wavelength dependence of the enhancement factors revealed that both the incident electric fields and the radiative decay rate of Er3+ are enhanced due to the excitation of surface plasmons supported by Ag islands. It was found that the upconversion PL is more sensitive to the enhancement of the incident electric field than the downconversion PL because of the multiphoton absorption process. The present result indicates that the upconversion PL obtains more benefit from the metal-enhanced fluorescence technique than the downconversion PL.
Secure protocols for serverless remote product authentication (2010)

Industrial companies lose large sums of money because of counterfeits and they need to efficiently protect their trademarks. Most of them implement their own anti-counterfeiting policy to deal with the menace. A number of technologies, such as holograms, smart cards, biometric markers and inks, can be employed to protect and authenticate genuine products. Instead of using markers and additional identification means, one of the recent methods use a PUF-like authentication method based on image processing. However, in order to authenticate the object (e.g. a trademark product), the method needs direct access to the database system containing the object's "fingerprint". The paper presents a new secure method to remotely authenticate the object without communication with the database server. In this method, an autonomous and secure embedded system called authentication device authenticates the product by extracting its morphometric fingerprint and comparing it with a signed original morphometric fingerprint printed on the object. However, we show that in order to secure the protocol, the authentication hardware needs to be authenticated, too. For this reason, we propose security protocols that allow to authenticate the authentication device and remotely check its integrity. The proposed security protocols are shown to be sure using formal methods of security protocol evaluation.
Thermoresponsive Polymeric Micelles for Double Targeted Drug Delivery (2019)

In this chapter, the authors utilize thermoresponsive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) and its gels as on-off switches for drug release, chromatography systems, and attachment/detachment of cells. Exploiting the high chain end mobility will lead to more effective control of the thermoresponsive properties of modified PIPAAm compared to statistically modified PIPAAm. A-B-type block copolymers of PIPAAm containing a hydrophobic segment exhibit thermoresponsive soluble/insoluble changes and can form core-shell stmctured polymeric micelles. The thermoresponsive character of micellar structures constructed by self-assembly of the modified PIPAAm chains is not always consistent with that of PIPAAm, especially with regard to its lower critical solution temperature and the thermal response transition rates. Utilizing preferable characteristics of thermoresponsive polymeric micelles as a drug carrier system improves targeting efficacy according to both effect of passive targeting and temperature modulation by local heating. J. N. Weinstein and coworkers studied thermosensitive liposomes to achieve temperature modulated, targeted drug delivery.
Paternal Grandmother Age Affects the Strength of Wolbachia -Induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster (2019)

<i>Wolbachia</i> are obligate intracellular bacteria that are globally distributed in half of all arthropod species. As the most abundant maternally inherited microbe in animals, <i>Wolbachia</i> manipulate host reproduction via reproductive parasitism strategies, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI manifests as embryonic death when <i>Wolbachia</i>-modified sperm fertilize uninfected eggs but not maternally infected eggs. Thus, CI can provide a relative fitness advantage to <i>Wolbachia</i>-infected females and drive the infection through a population. In the genetic model <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, the <i>Wolbachia</i> strain <i>w</i>Mel induces variable CI, making mechanistic studies in <i>D. melanogaster</i> cumbersome. Here, we demonstrate that sons of older paternal <i>D. melanogaster</i> grandmothers induce stronger CI than sons of younger paternal grandmothers, and we term this relationship the "<u>p</u>aternal <u>g</u>randmother <u>a</u>ge <u>e</u>ffect" (PGAE). Moreover, the embryos and adult sons of older <i>D. melanogaster</i> grandmothers have higher <i>Wolbachia</i> densities, correlating with their ability to induce stronger CI. In addition, we report that <i>Wolbachia</i> density positively correlates with female age and decreases after mating, suggesting that females transmit <i>Wolbachia</i> loads that are proportional to their own titers. These findings reveal a transgenerational impact of age on <i>w</i>Mel-induced CI, elucidate <i>Wolbachia</i> density dynamics in <i>D. melanogaster</i>, and provide a methodological advance to studies aimed at understanding <i>w</i>Mel-induced CI in the <i>D. melanogaster</i> model.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) results in a postfertilization incompatibility between <i>Wolbachia</i>-infected males and uninfected females. CI contributes to reproductive isolation between closely related species and is used in worldwide vector control programs to drastically lower arboviral vector population sizes or to replace populations that transmit arboviruses with those resistant to transmission. Despite decades of research on the factors that influence CI, penetrance is often variable under controlled laboratory conditions in various arthropods, suggesting that additional variables influence CI strength. Here, we demonstrate that paternal <i>D. melanogaster</i> grandmother age influences the strength of CI induced by their sons. Older <i>D. melanogaster</i> females have higher <i>Wolbachia</i> densities and produce offspring with higher <i>Wolbachia</i> densities that associate with stronger CI. This work reveals a multigenerational impact of age on CI and expands our understanding of host-<i>Wolbachia</i> interactions and the biology of CI induced by the <i>Wolbachia</i> strain infecting the most widely used arthropod model, <i>D. melanogaster</i>.
Content-addressable and associative memory: alternatives to the ubiquitous RAM (1989)

Content-addressable and associative processing systems are explained, and it is shown that such systems are commercially feasible. Content-based archiving and retrieving are compared with address-based storage methods. The principles, advantages and obstacles of content-addressable storage are examined and associative processing methods and architectures are described. Software for associative systems is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Mn3+‐Mediated Coupling‐Cyclization of 1,5‐Cyclooctadienes with Active Methylene Compounds by Electrooxidation. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Predictive value for death and rehospitalization of 30-day postdischarge B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in elderly patients with heart failure. Sub-analysis of Italian RED Study (2014)

In patients at a high risk for future events, BNP levels assessed 30 days after hospital discharge in the absence of signs and symptoms could be predictive of subsequent hospitalization and death. These patients should be considered for closer monitoring and treatment adjustment.
Compressive Sensing With Chaotic Sequence (2010)

Compressive sensing is a new methodology to capture signals at sub-Nyquist rate. To guarantee exact recovery from compressed measurements, one should choose specific matrix, which satisfies the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP), to implement the sensing procedure. In this letter, we propose to construct the sensing matrix with chaotic sequence following a trivial method and prove that with overwhelming probability, the RIP of this kind of matrix is guaranteed. Meanwhile, its experimental comparisons with Gaussian random matrix, Bernoulli random matrix and sparse matrix are carried out and show that the performances among these sensing matrix are almost equal.
Nanoparticulate and Interfacial Mechanics in Confined Geometries Typical of Chemical-Mechanical Planarization (2003)

Chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP), a surface preparation process used widely in integrated circuits manufacture, is currently the leading nanoscale manufacturing process worldwide, with an annual economic impact well in excess of $1 billion. Originally developed for glass polishing, CMP is used by the microelectronics industry to create silicon, silicon oxide, tungsten and copper surfaces with average roughnesses of O(10 mm). The process typically involves shearing a dilute abrasive silica or ceria nanoparticle-laden “slurry” between a compliant rough surface (the “pad”) and the surface to be polished (the “wafer”). The composition of the slurry can greatly affect material removal rates. Despite its importance, however, a lot still remains to be discovered about the fundamental mechanisms involved in this process. A multidisciplinary effort at Georgia Tech has focused upon the interfacial mechanics of this process and how nanoparticles chemomechanically wear SiO2, Si and Cu surfaces. It has been found, for example, that the wear rate of dielectric varies approximately as the particle diameter. The entrapment of particles at the asperity/dielectric interface is thought to produce the polishing, but the exact nature of this interaction is still unknown. An evanescent-wave visualization technique has therefore been developed to visualize the dynamics of fluorescent 300–500 nm diameter colloidal silica and polystyrene particles within a particle diameter of the “wafer” surface in a simplified model pad-wafer geometry. The technique has been used for the first time to the authors’ knowledge to directly measure the velocity and concentration of the interfacial particles—which presumably interact with and wear the wafer. Although the pad speeds in these studies are much lower than those encountered in the actual CMP process, the initial results suggest that there is negligible “slip” between the particle and fluid phase velocities at the wafer surface. The number of particles at the wafer surface appears, however, to be strongly affected by particle properties, including particle density and size.
BubbleUp: Supporting DevOps With Data Visualization (2021)

BubbleUp is a tool that lets DevOps teams-data analysts who specialize in building and maintaining online systems-rapidly figure out why anomalous data have gone wrong. We developed BubbleUp with an iterative, human-centered design approach. Through multiple rounds of feedback, we were able to build a tool that presents a paired-histogram view to help make high-dimensional data make sense.
Air Injection to an Electrically-Heated Catalyst for Reducing Cold-Start Benzene Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the laboratory effort to determine the emissions benefit of cold-start air injection to a preheated automotive catalyst. Previous experimentation with an electrically-heated catalyst on a gasoline-fueled vehicle with no supplemental air showed little improvement in hydrocarbon emission control.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, air was injected ahead of an electrically-heated catalyst during cold-start operation. Analysis of continuously recorded raw exhaust emissions were used to determine air injection calibrations and oxidation-reduction trade-offs. Improved control of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), benzene, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions was observed. Nitrogen oxides (NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;) emission control was maintained by the use of a carefully controlled air injection flow-rate and schedule.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study determined that heating an auto-motive exhaust emission catalyst prior to cold-start operation may not be sufficient in itself. Supplemental oxygen may be required for improved emissions control. Finally, it was demonstrated that the gasoline vehicle used in this study, equipped with an electrically-heated catalyst and air injection, provided FTP emission rates of non-methane organic gases (NMOG), CO, and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; near or at the California standards for the ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV).&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: TETRACYCLO(5.4.0.03,10.04,8)UNDECANE (2,9‐ETHANONORADAMANTANE) AND 12‐OXAPENTACYCLO(6.4.0.02,6.03,11.04,9)DODECANE SYSTEM (1984)

Abstract Aus dem tricyclischen Diketon (I) erhält man mit Methylat in Methanol neben dem Isomeren (III) das transskeletale Cyclisierungsprodukt (II), das mit Boranat zu (IV) reduziert wird.
New rangefinder system for microsatellite (2004)

CO.RI.S.T.A. (<i>Consortium of Research on Advanced Remote Sensing Systems</i>) performed a feasibility study funded by Italian Space Agency (ASI) to develop a rangefinder system as payload for microsatellite. The satellite considered for the study is UNISAT, an Italian academic satellite. The studied rangefinder offers the possibility to correct the systematic error of stereoscopic images acquired by MHRRC camera (<i>Miniaturised High-Resolution Reconnaissance Camera</i>) integrated on board the satellite. In order to carry out a compact and reliable altimeter for satellite UNISAT a review and comparison have been made with rangefinder systems both for the microwaves (radar systems) and for the visible infrared wavelength range (laser systems). A pulsed laser altimeter system based on <i>Time Of Flight</i> measurement appears the more suitable for the aforementioned application.