gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of distance learning courses offered by the EuroTraining course directory (2005)

The European Commission established and has sponsored the EuroTraining project to serve the European knowledge market by providing a coherent and single entry point to an extensive training market. Through relevant training courses and through its management of a valued quality system and easy-to-use Web information service, the EuroTraining project has been successfully stimulating exploitation of state-of-the-art microsystems and microelectronics technologies and creating new opportunities for industry. EuroTraining is also aiming to create a comprehensive listing of distance learning courses and to develop essential missing ones, by encouraging course providers and centres of excellence to use the directory to promote their own distance learning training material (Illyefalvi-Vitez, 2003; Illyefalvi-Vitez and Gordon, 2004). The distance learning element of the directory was set up in response to the needs of those who require flexibility in the way they learn. Distance learning increases opportunities for all. In the paper we outline the results of an evaluating survey and gap analysis of distance learning (DL) courses, which were available in the EuroTraining course directory after a year that the section was set up. The information on the DL courses was collected, categorized and studied. The evaluators used a scoring system for each training course, covering: course title, language, venue, description, cost, contents and timetable, level/target audience, on-line contact with tutor, type of support, further information, course provider, access to the course provider Web site, access to the course, and course notes. In addition to the evaluation of the DL courses, three best practices initiated by the EuroTraining Project are also presented: 1) a distance learning course model, which illustrates how multimedia tools, knowledge base management and quiz-like self-test are combined in a high-level DL module of thick film technology, 2) a review of the five train-the-trainers courses provided during the EuroTraining project, and where Internet based electronic textbooks were successfully used, and 3) an introduction to EuroTraining "sharing course modules" action, which includes more than 70 microsystem modules of master courses of ca 30 university professors, who are sharing their Internet based teaching tools with each others by this action.
The Law of the Sea and the late Shirley Amerasinghe (1981)

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BWMK1, a Novel MAP Kinase Induced by Fungal Infection and Mechanical Wounding in Rice (1999)

The activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases by different environmental stresses has been previously observed in several dicot plant species. Here, we report the isolation of a novel MAP kinase in rice that is induced during infection by the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea or upon mechanical wounding. The gene is designated as BWMK1 for blast- and wound-induced MAP kinase. The cDNA of BWMK1 was isolated from rice leaves challenged by the blast pathogen. Transcripts of the corresponding gene accumulated in rice leaves 4 h after blast inoculation and 30 min after mechanical wounding. This gene encodes a 506 amino acid protein that contains a new dual-phosphorylation activation motif TDY and about 150 unique amino acids on its C terminus. In-gel kinase activity and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that BWMK1 is a functional MAP kinase. These results show that BWMK1 is a new member of the plant MAP kinase family and may mediate both defense and wound signaling in rice.
Nucleation dynamics around single microabsorbers in water heated by nanosecond laser irradiation (2007)

Suspensions containing micro- and nanoabsorbers, which are irradiated by short laser pulses, are used for a manifold of procedures in medicine, biotechnology, and other fields. Detailed knowledge of the bubble nucleation and dynamics, which is induced by the heat transfer from the absorber to the surrounding transparent water, is essential for understanding the underlying processes occurring on a microscopic scale. We investigated the rapid phase change phenomena including temperature, heating rates, pressure generation, bubble nucleation, and initial bubble growth around absorbing micron-sized melanin particles (retinal pigment epithelial melanosomes) during irradiation with 12ns (full width at half maximum) laser pulses at a wavelength of 532nm. The melanosomes were heated at rates in the order of 1010K∕s. A mean bubble nucleation temperature of 136°C was found. The initial bubble expansion was observed by time-resolved microscopy. The expansion velocities range from 10m∕s at 1.5-fold to 85m∕s at 8.5-fold threshold radiant exposure for bubble formation, respectively. The expansion velocity increases in the investigated range almost linearly with the applied radiant exposure.
A Load-Balanced Agile All-Photonic Network (2007)

We investigate a load-balancing method in a time division multiplexed agile all-photonic network (AAPN), which has a star topology and a buffeHess optical core. This method for bandwidth sharing is derived from a packet switch architecture that consists of three electronic buffering stages holding layered cross-point queues and two optical transpose interconnects between the stages. For AAPN, the architecture is folded: the slots (the data units) are fust sent to the same set of edge nodes acting as intermediate stage, and then sent to their final-destination edge nodes. The approach is suitable for the metro / access scenarios in which propagation delays are small and it simplifies the scheduling problem significantly since it is fixed and performed locally, without the need for signaling or centralised schedulers.
Long nonlinear waves in stratified shear flows (1980)

The propagation of finite-amplitude internal waves in a shear flow is considered for wavelengths that are long compared to the shear-layer thickness. Both singular and regular modes are investigated, and the equation governing the amplitude evolution is derived. The theory is generalized to allow for a radiation condition when the region outside the stratified shear layer is unbounded and weakly stratified. In this case, the evolution equation contains a damping term describing energy loss by radiation which can be used to estimate the persistence of solitary waves or nonlinear wave packets in realistic environments. A continuous three-layer model is studied in detail and closed-form expressions are obtained for the phase speed and the coefficients of the nonlinear and dispersive terms in the amplitude equation as a function of Richardson number.
Voltage Tunable Split-Ring-Resonators for Wavegu ide Applications (2009)

A concept for a voltage tunable varactor-loaded split-ring-resonator array in a waveguide is described. By tuning the semiconductor varactors the left-handed transmission band below the waveguide cutoff frequency can be shifted in the range of 0.9...2.2GHz. The parasitic effects of the biasing network are investigated. Experimental results are compared to theory to validate the biasing concept.
Sweetpotato Whitefly Control on Cantaloupe, 1991 (1993)

Abstract The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS Irrigated Desert Research Station at Brawley, California, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Seed was planted 20 Aug at the rate of three seeds/hill with hills spaced 30 inches within a row. Missing hills were replanted on 9 Sep. Each plot consisted of two rows spaced 40 inches wide. Rows were 20 ft long. Plots were partially isolated by 7-ft wide corridors of fallow ground between plots and 7-ft fallow alleys separating experimental blocks. Treatments were (1) cantaloupe seeds treated with NTN 33893 at 0.10 lb Al/lb of seed, (2) NTN 33893 treated seeds followed, after plant emergency, by a foliar spray of 1% liquid detergent, (3) a foliar spray of NTN 33893 at 0.13 lb Al/acre, (4) a foliar spray of Monitor at 0.5 lb Al/acre and (5) untreated plots. Foliar sprays of each material were made in 27 gal of water/acre on 10 Sep with a high clearance sprayer with a modified spray boom having two nozzles at the top of plants and four nozzles at the bottom of plants per row. Bottom nozzles were oriented at 30° angles to improve underleaf coverage. Five leaves numbered 2 or 3 from the apical bud were sampled from each hill in each plot on days 6 and 13 after foliar sprays. Large third and fourth instar nymphs were counted on each side of one 1.55-inch2 leaf disk/leaf and recorded separately for each surface. The effect of the treatments and SPW infestations on plant stand establishment were determined by counting the number of seed hill replants from the two 20 ft rows in each plot.
Core–Shell Soy Protein–Soy Polysaccharide Complex (Nano)particles as Carriers for Improved Stability and Sustained Release of Curcumin (2016)

Using soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy-soluble polysaccharides (SSPS) as polymer matrixes, this study reported a novel process to fabricate unique core-shell complex (nano)particles to perform as carriers for curcumin (a typical poorly soluble bioactive). In the process, curcumin-SPI nanocomplexes were first formed at pH 7.0 and then coated by SSPS. At this pH, the core-shell complex was formed in a way the SPI nanoparticles might be incorporated into the interior of SSPS molecules without distinctly affecting the size and morphology of particles. The core-shell structure was distinctly changed by adjusting pH from 7.0 to 4.0. At pH 4.0, SSPS was strongly bound to the surface of highly aggregated SPI nanoparticles, and as a consequence, much larger complexes were formed. The bioaccessibility of curcumin in the SPI-curcumin complexes was unaffected by the SSPS coating. However, the core-shell complex formation greatly improved the thermal stability and controlled release properties of encapsulated curcumin. The improvement was much better at pH 4.0 than that at pH 7.0. All of the freeze-dried core-shell complex preparations exhibited good redispersion behavior. The findings provide a simple approach to fabricate food-grade delivery systems for improved water dispersion, heat stability, and even controlled release of poorly soluble bioactives.
Bioluminescence Sensing in 3D Spherical Microtissues for Multiple Bioactivity Analysis of Environmental Samples (2022)

The development of predictive <i>in vitro</i> sensing tools able to provide rapid information on the different bioactivities of a sample is of pivotal importance, not only to monitor environmental toxicants, but also to understand their mechanisms of action on diverse molecular pathways. This mechanistic understanding is highly important for the characterization of toxicological hazards, and for the risk assessment of chemicals and environmental samples such as surface waters and effluents. Prompted by this need, we developed and optimized a straightforward bioluminescent multiplexed assay which enables the measurement of four bioactivities, selected for their relevance from a toxicological perspective, in bioluminescent microtissues. The assay was developed to monitor inflammatory, antioxidant, and toxic activity, and the presence of heavy metals, and was successfully applied to the analysis of river water samples, showing potential applicability for environmental analyses. The assay, which does not require advanced equipment, can be easily implemented in general laboratories equipped with basic cell culture facilities and a luminometer.
Long-Term Exogenous Melatonin Regulates the Expression of Androgen, Estradiol and Progesterone Receptors in the Ovary, Oviduct and Uterus of Ethanol-Preferring Rats. (2011)

Chronic ethanol intake is associated with female hormonal dysfunction and it is well known that melatonin, an indolamine used for several therapies, plays key roles in regulating reproductive physiology. However its effects via sex steroid hormonal receptors remain inconclusive. Thus, this study was to evaluate how long-term melatonin exerts its regulatory effects on sex steroid receptors in ovary, oviduct and uterus of UChB rats chronically-exposed to ethanol (submitted to 10% (v/v) voluntary ethanol consumption). Forty adult female rats (n = 10/group) were finally selected for this study. UChB Co: drinking water only; UChB EtOH: drinking ethanol at 2-6 mL/100 g/day + water, both receiving 0.9% NaCl + 95% ethanol 0.04mL as vehicle. Concomitantly, UChB Co+M and UChB EtOH+M groups were infused with vehicle + melatonin [100 µg/100 g body weight/day] intraperitoneally for 60 days. All animals were euthanized by decapitation during the morning estrus (4 a.m.) and samples of ovaries, oviducts and uteri were collected and processed for western blot analysis of the melatonin receptor (MT1R), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β) and progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB). Despite ovary AR has not been influenced by melatonin, both ethanol and ethanol + melatonin led to a decrease in oviduct AR levels, while only ethanol induced lower uterus AR compared to controls. Both ER-α and ER-β were underexpressed by either ethanol or melatonin in both ovary and oviduct and only ER-β showed low expression in uterus of the UChB EtOH and UChB Co+M rats. Conversely, PRA and PRB in the ovary were positively regulated by ethanol or ethanol + melatonin, whereas PRA was suppressed in uterus and oviduct, except when ethanol + melatonin were combined. Additionally, in melatonin-treated rats, regardless of ethanol consumption, there was an increase in ovary and uterus MT1R levels, in contrast to down-regulation of oviduct MT1R mediated by melatonin itself. We conclude that there are interactions between melatonin and ethanol on the expression pattern of androgen, estradiol and progesterone receptors in the ovary, oviduct and uterus of ethanol-preferring rats. Moreover, the responsiveness to androgen receptor is variable, enhancing or attenuating the ethanol effects in the ovary. Melatonin also potentiates the ethanol effects on oviduct and uterus. (poster)
Modeling the filamentation of ultra-short pulses in ionizing media (2000)

The filamentation of ultra-short pulses is investigated for plane waves propagating in gases ionized by multiphoton sources. The spatial growth rate of the filamentary modulational instability is computed as a function of the transverse wavenumber and frequency of periodic perturbations. Classical results for optical filamentation in Kerr media are recovered when the density of the electron plasma produced by ionization is close to zero. However, when the electron density is high enough, a beam with an input power above the Kerr self-focusing threshold is shown to stop forming filaments. Stability domains are expressed in terms of the electron density and pulse peak power, both for stationary perturbations and when the inertial plasma response together with the group-velocity dispersion of the wave are taken into account. These theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations and the influence of a delayed Kerr response on filament formation is finally discussed.
Fast Algorithms for Wavelet Transform Computation (2010)

<P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>Introduction</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Multiresolution and Two-Scale Equations</P> </LI> <LI> <P>The Initial Signal Approximation</P> </LI> <LI> <P>The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)</P> </LI> <LI> <P>The DWT For WS Computation</P> </LI> <LI> <P>The DWT For CWT Computation</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Efficient Implementations of the DWT</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Faster DWT Algorithms</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Other Algorithms for CWT Computation</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Conclusions</P> </LI> </UL> </P> <P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> </UL> </P>
A comparative study of feature extraction methods in P300 detection (2010)

In this paper some different feature extraction methods are compared and their performances in a pattern recognition based P300 detection system are studied. By studying the features in different domains it was concluded that time domain features are more powerful in discriminating P300 signals from non-P300 signals. Therefore, three different sets of features were considered in the time domain and the performance of each was assessed by Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD) classifier, the best set being identified based on this assessment. The experiment was also performed in two phases each with a different number of channels to analyze the effect of the number of channels on performance.
Inhibition of in vitro Cytotoxic Responses by BCG-Induced Macrophage-Like Suppressor Cells (1979)

Abstract The ability of adherent, macrophage-like spleen cells from BCG-infected C57BL/6 mice to suppress primary cytotoxic responses to alloantigen in vitro has been studied. Suppression was dependent on a viable suppressor cell, for both heating (56°C 30 min) and glutaraldehyde treatment (0.1%, 2 min) ablated the suppressive action. Membrane preparations were not suppressive. Suppression was reversible and independent of the suppressor cell's Fc receptor sites. Thus, suppressor cell populations pretreated with heat-aggregated IgG or bound to immobilized immune complexes were still capable of suppressing the cytotoxic response. We could find no evidence that the suppressor cells function through the production of a soluble mediator. The principal mode of action of the suppressor cell seemed to reflect a capacity to modify the production and action of a mediator whose production was dependent upon helper (Lyt 1+) T cells. This alloantigen-induced mediator, which augments the proliferation and/or differentiation of cytotoxic T cells, was not produced in mixed lymphocyte cultures containing spleen cells of BCG-infected animals nor by normal spleen cells in the presence of the BCG-induced suppressor cells. Under appropriate conditions, mediator produced from mixed lymphocyte cultures was able to reverse the suppression of primary cytotoxic responses by BCG-induced suppressor cells.
Effects of filler content and coupling agents on the mechanical properties and geometrical accuracy of selective laser sintered parts in glass bead-filled polyamide 12 composites (2011)

Improvements in existing materials and the development of new materials for use in&#13;\nselective laser sintering are continually being pursued in the industrial and academic&#13;\ndomains. This research will focus on the possibilities available for improving the&#13;\nmechanical properties and geometric accuracy of selective laser sintered parts produced&#13;\nfrom non-commercial polyamide 12 (PA12) composites. The specific material of&#13;\ninterest is PA 12 filled with glass beads. This thesis describes a study of the relationship&#13;\nbetween filler particles, the polymer matrix and processing parameters and their&#13;\ninfluence on the mechanical properties and geometric accuracy of the composite. The&#13;\naim of the study is to better understand the effect of coupling agents on the above&#13;\nmentioned properties as there is a lack of information in this area.&#13;\nMost of the experiments described in the thesis were performed with PA 12 filled with&#13;\ncoated and uncoated glass beads. The production of test samples was carried out on a&#13;\nselective laser sintering machine (DTM Sinterstation 2000). Knowledge about different&#13;\nmachine-material combinations has been extended by performing additional PA 12&#13;\ncomposite experiments. The accessible information from PA 12 and glass-filled PA 12&#13;\n(PA12/GF) manufacturer’s data was used as a reference in comparison and assessment&#13;\nof the results obtained from the new machine-material combinations.&#13;\nThis research has shown that adding coated glass beads to PA 12 improves the tensile&#13;\nstrength and elastic modulus but reduces the impact strength and ductility of the&#13;\nii&#13;\nresulting material. Under suitable processing conditions, the geometrical accuracy of&#13;\nsintered parts also improves with the addition of glass beads. The work has also shown&#13;\nthat good interfacial bonding between the polyamide matrix and the glass beads,&#13;\nparticularly when a coupling agent is used, is a likely cause for the observed&#13;\nimprovements.
Cortical excitability and rest activity properties in patients with depression (2007)

The patients studied were not completely drug free. For this reason, it is impossible to rule out the possibility that our results are an effect of drug assumption. Nevertheless, since all patients were well below the drugs' steady state levels when the data were recorded, the behaviour of M20 and M30 and their relation with the patients' clinical pictures suggest that an unbalance of the excitatory or inhibitory cortical activity, and especially a potentiation of the parietal afferent to the motor cortex, may be significant hallmarks of depression.
SIM configuration evolution (1999)

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) is a space-based 10 m baseline Michelson interferometer. Planned for launch in 2005 aboard a Delta III launch vehicle, or equivalent, its primary objective is to measure the positions of stars and other celestial objects with an unprecedented accuracy of 4 micro arc seconds. The configuration of the space flight system to meet the very challenging requirements imposed by such an instrument has evolved considerably. This paper will discuss the evolution of the configuration and discuss some of the factors that have driven the overall configuration. SIM has undergone several transformations since the start of Phase A. During this phase of a project, it is desirable to perform system level trade studies, so the substantial evolution of the design that has occurred is quite appropriate. Part of the trade-off process has addressed two major underlying architectures: SIM Classic; and Son of SIM. The difference between these two architectures is related to the overall arrangement of the optical elements and the associated metrology system. Several different configurations have been developed for each architecture. Some of the more important aspects will be discussed. SIM has some extremely challenging goals: millikelvin thermal stability, nanometer stabilization of optics, picometer measurement of wavefront, and others. The projected viability of some of these areas has influenced design choices during the evolution of the many configurations that have been developed. For instance, the perceived complexity of the IR laser metrology system used to measure and control the positions of key optical elements was the strongest discriminator between the two architectures, and led to a decision to select SOS rather than Classic. More recently, an appreciation of the sensitivity to beam-walk within the SOS architecture is forcing a reconsideration of that decision. There is some hope that a full aperture metrology system may alleviate this issue.
Filamentation and Self-compression of High-Energy mid-IR Pulses (2016)

We report self-action of 0.5-TW peak-power few-cycle 4-μm pulses in air and bulk dielectrics that is strikingly different compared to the case of near-IR drivers. An example of scalable nonlinear self-compression of 20-mJ is highlighted.