gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Link maintenance for integrity in linked open data evolution: Literature survey and open challenges (2020)

RDF data has been extensively deployed describing various types of resources in a structured way. Links between data elements described by RDF models stand for the core of Semantic Web. The rising amount of structured data published in public RDF repositories, also known as Linked Open Data, elucidates the success of the global and unified dataset proposed by the vision of the Semantic Web. Nowadays, semi-automatic algorithms build connections among these datasets by exploring a variety of methods. Interconnected open data demands automatic methods and tools to maintain their consistency over time. The update of linked data is considered as key process due to the evolutionary characteristic of such structured datasets. However, data changing operations might influence well-formed links, which turns difficult to maintain the consistencies of connections over time. In this article, we propose a thorough survey that provides a systematic review of the state of the art in link maintenance in linked open data evolution scenario. We conduct a detailed analysis of the literature for characterising and understanding methods and algorithms responsible for detecting, fixing and updating links between RDF data. Our investigation provides a categorisation of existing approaches as well as describes and discusses existing studies. The results reveal an absence of comprehensive solutions suited to fully detect, warn and automatically maintain the consistency of linked data over time.
Evaluating the effect of biofilm thickness on nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors (2015)

This study evaluates the effect of biofilm thickness on the nitrifying activity in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) in a controlled environment. In-depth understanding of biofilm properties in MBBRs and their effect on the overall treatment efficiency is the key to optimizing process stability and efficiency. However, evaluating biofilm properties in continuously operated MBBRs can be extremely challenging. This study uses a carrier design which enables comparison of four different biofilm thicknesses, in otherwise equally operated lab-scale MBBRs. The results show that within the studied range (200-500 µm) and specific operation conditions, biofilm thickness alone had no significant effect on the overall ammonium removal. The nitrate production, however, decreased with a decreasing biofilm thickness, and the ratio between nitrite and ammonia-oxidizing activity decreased both with increasing load and decreasing oxygen concentration for all thicknesses. The suggestion that nitratation is disfavoured in thin biofilms is an interesting contribution to the current research being performed on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition for deammonification applications. By indicating that different groups of bacteria respond differently to biofilm thickness, this study accentuates the importance of further evaluation of these complex systems.
Supplementary Figures 1-11 from A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Gene Expression Profiles Identifies Stromal Immunoglobulin κ C as a Compatible Prognostic Marker in Human Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 722K&lt;/p&gt;
Pilot Trial of the Safety, Tolerability, and Retinoid Levels of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) Retinamide in Combination With Tamoxifen in Patients at High Risk for Developing Invasive Breast Cancer (2000)

TAM administration did not affect Cp 4-HPR or 4-MPR. Reversible nyctalopia correlated with relative decrease in Cp retinol but was not symptomatic for most patients. TAM + 4-HPR has acceptable tolerability for this high-risk cohort.
Optical in-situ measurements and modeling of post-flame sulfation of NaOH(g) and NaCl(g) (2022)

Post-flame sulfation of gaseous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl) was investigated with optical in situ measurements at 850 to 1475 °C. A multi-jet burner was used to generate well-controlled combustion environments. The multi-jet burner also enabled the separate feeding of the sodium species and SO2 to the combustion environment where the sulfation reactions occurred. Concentrations of NaOH(g) and NaCl(g) were measured in the product gas using broadband UV absorption spectroscopy to follow the degree of sulfation. At 1475 and 1275 °C almost no sulfation occurred with an initial NaOH(g) concentration of 20 ppm and SO2 concentrations between 0 and 150 ppm. At 985 °C, the NaOH(g) concentration decreased to less than 5 ppm with SO2 concentrations above 50 ppm and at 850 °C almost all NaOH(g) was sulfated under these conditions. The experimental results for the gas-phase sulfation of NaOH were compared to previous results for the sulfation of KOH under the same conditions and the results were shown to be similar for NaOH and KOH under these conditions. Sulfation of NaOH(g) generally occurred to a more significant extent than the sulfation of NaCl(g). At 1115 to 1475 °C, no sulfation of NaCl(g) was observed. At the lowest investigated temperature, 850 °C, the NaCl(g) concentration decreased from 20 ppm to 12 ppm after the addition of 150 ppm SO2. Chemical equilibrium calculations and kinetic modeling using an updated kinetic model for the detailed Na-Cl-S chemistry were compared to the experimental results. Above 1100 °C, the system can be described by chemical equilibrium, implying that equilibrium is reached in less than 100 ms. At temperatures below 1100 °C, the measured concentration indicated kinetic control. Under these conditions, the kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental results for NaOH(g) but over-predicted the sulfation of NaCl(g). The combined experimental data, chemical equilibrium calculations and kinetic modeling of the present study support that sulfation of alkali species can occur in the gas phase through homogeneous reactions.
IMMUNOREACTIVE CHROMOGRANIN A IN RAT PLASMA AND URINE MEASURED BY REGION-SPECIFIC RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (1998)

Using four kinds of region-specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems for rat chromogranin A (CgA), characterization of immunoreactive (IR)-CgA in rat plasma and urine was carried out in the present study. Among the antisera used for RIAs, anti-rat CgA(]-28) serum recognizes the N-terminal region of rat CgA, anti-rat CgA(94-~]30) serum recognizes the C-terminal region of 5-granin, anti-rat CgA(296-3]4)-NH2 recognizes the C-terminal region of pancreastatin and anti-rat CgA(359-389) recognizes the C-terminal part of CgA, respectively. Dose response curves of IR-CgA in rat plasma and urine were parallel to those of the respective standard curves in the four RIA systems using synthetic peptides corresponding to rat CgA(]-28), rat CgA(94-I30), rat CgA(296-314)-NH; and rat CgA(359-389), respectively. Difference in Gel filtration profiles of rat plasma measured by the RIAs using anti-rat CgA(]-28) serum, anti-rat CgA(94-Z30) serum and anti-rat CgA(359-389) serum suggested the existence of a variety of the processing products. However, IR-CgAs were hardly detected by the CgA(296-3]-4,)-NH; RIA system, when applied the same amount of plasma as used for the other RIAs, suggesting that amount of IR-CgA containing the C-terminal pancreastatin may be extremely low in the rat plasma. On the other hand, major immunoreactivity on the gel filtration of rat urine was eluted at the total volume when assayed by the RIAs using anti-rat CgA(1-28) serum, anti-rat CgA(94~Z30) serum and anti-rat CgA(359-389) serum, respectively. In addition to the low molecular weight immunoreactivity, IR-CgA with higher molecular weight was also detected, when assayed by the RIA with anti-rat CgA(359-389) serum. Besides RIA with anti-rat CgA(296-3]4)-NH; serum, IR-CgA levels in rat plasma and urine were detected by RIAs using anti-rat CgA(Z-28) serum, anti-rat CgA(94-130) serum and anti-rat CgA(359-389) serum, respectively. Using the present antisera, characterization of immunohistochemical staining of IR-CgA was also carried out in endocrine cells in the rat adrenal gland, gastric body, and pancreas.
Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of IL 6 from monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts (1990)

We have examined the effect of dexamethasone (DM) and cortisol on the production of interleukin (IL)6 from the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.9, human monocytes, human endothelial cells and the human fibroblast cell line FS4. In RAW264.9 cells DM in the concentration range 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of IL6 by 10% to 90%. Cortisol had a similar effect, but was about 25 times less potent than DM. Also, when 10(-6) M of DM was added to the cultures after addition of LPS, it completely inhibited the residual 24-h production of IL6. Corresponding to the effect on IL6 production, DM (10(-6) M) reduced the mRNA levels for IL6 in the RAW264.9 cells. The glucocorticoid analogue RU 486 competes with DM and cortisol for the glucocorticoid receptor and reversed the inhibitory effect of DM, demonstrating that DM exerts its effect via the glucocorticoid receptor. DM also had an inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated IL6 production in freshly isolated human monocytes, and on IL 1-stimulated IL6 production in human endothelial cells and FS4 fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that DM via a receptor-mediated mechanism inhibits IL6 production at the transcriptional level, and this may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids.
Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations in the Cerebral Cortex in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2012)

ABSTRACT: The pathophysiology of cerebral cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not understood. We investigated cerebral cortex microvessels during immune-mediated demyelination in the MS model chronic murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by immunolocalization of the endothelial cell tight junction (TJ) integral proteins claudin-5 and occludin, a structural protein of caveolae, caveolin-1, and the blood-brain barrier-specific endothelial transporter, Glut 1. In EAE-affected mice, there were areas of extensivesubpial demyelination and well-demarcated lesions that extended to deeper cortical layers. Activation of microglia and absence of perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were common in these areas. Microvascular endothelial cells showed increased expression of caveolin-1 and a coincident loss of both claudin-5 and occludin normal junctional staining patterns. At a very early disease stage, claudin-5 molecules tended to cluster and form vacuoles that were also Glut 1 positive; the initially preserved occludin pattern became diffusely cytoplasmic at more advanced stages. Possible internalization of claudin-5 on TJ dismantling was suggested by its coexpression with the autophagosomal marker MAP1LC3A. Loss of TJ integrity was confirmed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran experimentsthat showed leakage of the tracer into the perivascular neuropil. These observations indicate that, in the cerebral cortex of EAE-affected mice, there is a microvascular disease that differentially targets claudin-5 and occludin during ongoing demyelination despite only minimal inflammation.
Having a Thought (1970)

(1970). Having a Thought. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 170-184.
Investigating Architectural Issues in Neuromorphic Computing (2012)

Abstract : Our objective is the study of an Intelligent Text Recognition System (ITRS) that mimics the human information processing procedure to fill in the missing or damaged text by considering the word level and sentence level context. The system is built upon two cognitive computing models, the Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) Attractor Model and the Cogent Confabulation Model. The former performs character detection and later performs word and sentence completion. Given a scanned text image where each character is 15-by-15 pixels large, experimental results show that, when 20% of the character images are damaged by a 1-pixel-wide horizontal scratch running through the center of the image where most of the information to distinguish amongst various characters is found, the ITRS recognizes complete sentences at 92% accuracy. When 60% of the character images are damaged by a 3-pixel-wide horizontal scratch located at the center, the ITRS recognizes sentences at 64% accuracy.
Subterawatt femtosecondpulses in themid-infrared: A new spatiotemporal dynamics of high-power electromagnetic fields (2015)

РЎСѓР±С‚РµСЂР°РІР°С‚С‚РЅС‹Рµ С„РµРјС‚РѕСЃРµРєСѓРЅРґРЅС‹Рµ РёРјРїСѓР»СЊСЃС‹ СЃСЂРµРґРЅРµРіРѕ РёРЅС„СЂР°РєСЂР°СЃРЅРѕРіРѕ РґРёР°РїР°Р·РѕРЅР°: РЅРѕРІС‹Рµ СЌС„С„РµРєС‚С‹ РїСЂРѕСЃС‚СЂР°РЅСЃС‚РІРµРЅРЅРѕ-РІСЂРµРјРµРЅРЅРѕР№ РґРёРЅР°РјРёРєРё РјРѕС‰РЅС‹С… СЌР»РµРєС‚СЂРѕРјР°РіРЅРёС‚РЅС‹С… РїРѕР»РµР№, РњРёС‚СЂРѕС„Р°РЅРѕРІ Рђ.Р’., РЎРёРґРѕСЂРѕРІ-Р‘РёСЂСЋРєРѕРІ Р”.Рђ., Р’РѕСЂРѕРЅРёРЅ Рђ.Рђ., РџСѓРіР¶Р»РёСЃ Рђ., РђРЅРґСЂСЋРєР°Р№С‚РёСЃ Р“., РЎС‚РµРїР°РЅРѕРІ Р•.Рђ., РђР»РёС€Р°СѓСЃРєР°СЃ РЎ.Р
Oligosaccharide Analogues of Polysaccharides. Part 5. Studies on the cross‐coupling of alkynes and haloalkynes (1995)

Abstract The cross‐coupling of the homopropargylic ether 1 and the halopropargylic ethers 2a and 2b was optimized, and aspects of the coupling mechanism were studied. Coupling promoted by Pd° and Cu 1 in the presence of an amine yielded a mixture of the heterodimer 3 and the homodimers 4 and 5 ( Scheme 1 ). Optimizations were first directed at suppressing homo‐coupling. Homo‐coupling is partially due to a H/I exchange ( 1 + 2a ⇌ 6 + 7 ) promoted by CuI and an amine. The exchange, but not the formation of homodimers, was largely suppressed in DMSO. The influence of phosphine ligands was also evaluated. Weaker σ‐donors (with the exception of PPh 3 ) lead to a faster coupling and to a higher ratio of hetero‐ to homodimers, with P(fur) 3 leading to the cleanest reaction. Homodimers are also formed (together with I 2 · (i‐Pr) 2 NH) by reductive dimerization of the iodoalkyne 2a in the presence of [Pd 2 (dba) 3 ], CuI, and (i‐Pr) 2 NH. Bulky and acceptor‐substituted amines reduced the extent of the dimerization of 2a , but the bulkiest amines did not promote coupling. Better results were obtained by using the bromoalkyne 2b . Neither dimerization of 2b , nor H/Br exchange between 1 and 2b were observed. Coupling of 1 and 2b was slower than the one of 1 and 2a , but gave higher yields of the heterodimer 3 . The yield of 3 and the ratio of hetero‐to homodimers was greatly improved by addition of LiI; no phosphine ligand is then required. While the oxidative addition of the iodoalkyne 2a to [Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ] ( 2a → 8a ) was rapid, the one of the bromoalkyne 2b was much slower and proceeded via the η 2 ‐complex 9 as evidenced by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy. The rearrangement of 9 to the bromopalladium σ‐complex 8b follows first‐order kinetics ( k = 0.014 min −1 ). CuBr greatly increased the rate of this rearrangement. LiI caused rapid substitution of Br by I in the Pd σ‐complex ( 8b → 8a ), but not in 9 , nor in 2b . The σ‐complex 8a did not react with the alkyne 1 in the presence of (i‐Pr) 2 NH, unless Cu I was added. The alkynes 10 or 1 did not react with CuI and either TMEDA or (i‐Pr) 2 NH to yield detectable amounts of the Cu‐acetylides 11 or 12 . These observations are rationalized by the mechanism shown in Scheme 3 , postulating the intermediacy of the binuclear alkyne‐Pd‐Cu complexes C and J , and some or all of E–H , and highlighting the role of Cu I in this coupling.
25 GHz interleaved bidirectional transmission over non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (2002)

We demonstrate error-free 25 GHz interleaved bidirectional OC-192 transmission of 40+40 channels over five 80 km spans of non-zero dispersion shifted fiber. Simultaneous suppression of four-wave mixing and Rayleigh backscatter is achieved in ultradense bidirectional architecture.
Ultrafast Switching of Photonic Entanglement (2011)

To deploy and operate a quantum network which utilizes existing telecommunications infrastructure, it is necessary to be able to route entangled photons at high speeds, with minimal loss and signal-band noise, and--most importantly--without disturbing the photons' quantum state. Here we present a switch which fulfills these requirements and characterize its performance at the single photon level. Furthermore, because this type of switch couples the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom, it provides an important new tool with which to encode multiple-qubit states in a single photon. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of this capability, we demultiplex a single quantum channel from a dual-channel, time-division-multiplexed entangled photon stream, effectively performing a controlled-bit-flip on a two-qubit subspace of a five-qubit, two-photon state.
Twenty-gene-based prognostic model predicts lung adenocarcinoma survival (2018)

The prognostic signature combined with multi-gene expression profiles provides a moderate OS prediction for LAC and should be helpful for appropriate treatment method selection.
Knowledge Graphs Enhanced Neural Machine Translation (2020)

Knowledge graphs (KGs) store much structured information on various entities, many of which are not covered by the parallel sentence pairs of neural machine translation (NMT). To improve the translation quality of these entities, in this paper we propose a novel KGs enhanced NMT method. Specifically, we first induce the new translation results of these entities by transforming the source and target KGs into a unified semantic space. We then generate adequate pseudo parallel sentence pairs that contain these induced entity pairs. Finally, NMT model is jointly trained by the original and pseudo sentence pairs. The extensive experiments on Chinese-to-English and Englishto-Japanese translation tasks demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the strong baseline models in translation quality, especially in handling the induced entities.
CsI(Tl) Micro-Pixel Scintillation Array for Ultra-high Resolution Gamma-ray Imaging (2007)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the intrinsic spatial resolution limit by coupling a CsI(Tl) micro-pixel scintillation array to position sensitive photomultipliers (PSPMTs) for ultra-high resolution gamma-ray imaging. On this purpose, 1 mm thick array with 0.2 mm pixel side, 0.4 mm pitch has been realized by Spectra Physics (Hilger). The present scintillation arrays technology is suitable to produce larger crystal areas. In this paper we present spatial resolution and positioning results obtained by coupling the micro-pixel scintillation array to Hamamatsu square PSPMTs: 1rdquo R8520-C12, 1rdquo R5900-L16 and 2rdquo H8500 Flat panel PMT. Preliminary measurements demonstrate better performance in term of uniformity response when micro-pixel array is coupled to a H8500 PSPMT model. This setup carries out an intrinsic spatial resolution lower limit of about 0.6 mm FWHM at 50% FWHM energy resolution, defining it as the minimum scintillation array pitch detectable at 122 keV. The results obtained by R5900-L16 with a better sampling of the scintillation light has shown an improvement of the position linearity in spite of a worse spatial resolution due to the poor light output of scintillation array.
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappaB p50/p65 and Fra-1 and JunD is essential for deregulated interleukin 6 expression in prostate cancer. (2003)

To date, no effective treatment for patients with advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer is available, whereas androgen ablation therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are effective in treating local, androgen-dependent tumors. The mechanisms underlying the differences between androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer remain elusive. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose expression under normal physiological conditions is tightly controlled. However, aberrant constitutive IL-6 gene expression has been implicated in prostate cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy and has been directly linked to prostate cancer morbidity and mortality. Particularly striking is the large increase in the expression of IL-6 in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. IL-6, in addition to its role as an immunomodulatory cytokine, functions as a growth and differentiation factor for prostate cancer cells. To determine the molecular mechanisms that lead to deregulated IL-6 expression in advanced prostate cancer, we examined the regulatory elements involved in IL-6 gene expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. We demonstrate that, in contrast to the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, androgen-insensitive PC-3 and DU145 cells express high levels of IL-6 protein and mRNA due to enhanced promoter activity. Deregulated activation of the IL-6 promoter is for the most part mediated by a combined constitutive activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p50 and p65 and the activator protein 1 (AP-1) JunD and Fra-1 family members as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and transfection experiments. Mutation of the NF-kappaB and AP-1 sites drastically reduces IL-6 promoter activity in both androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines. Additionally, inhibition of these transcription factors using adenovirus vectors encoding either the IkappaBalpha repressor gene or a dominant negative JunD mutant leads to a strong down-regulation of IL-6 gene expression at the mRNA and protein level as measured by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Furthermore, the blockade of IL-6 gene expression results in drastic inhibition of the constitutively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling pathway in DU145 cells. Our data demonstrate for the first time that a combined aberrant activation of NF-kappaB p50 and p65 and AP-1 JunD and Fra-1 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells results in deregulated IL-6 expression, suggesting a novel potential entry point for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer.
Genesis Locations of the Costliest Atmospheric Rivers Impacting the Western United States (2021)

Abstract Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are responsible for the vast majority (∼88%) of flood damage in the Western U.S., an annual average of USD$1.1 billion. Here, using historical flood insurance data, we investigate the genesis characteristics of damaging ARs in the Western U.S.. ARs exceeding USD$20 million in damage (90th percentile), are shown to travel further across the Pacific Ocean, with median genesis locations 8°–27° further westward compared to typical ARs. Identifying regions of preferential genesis of damaging ARs elicit important implications for AR observation campaigns, highlighting distant regions not currently considered for AR reconnaissance. The genesis of damaging ARs is associated with elevated upper‐level zonal wind speeds along with deeper cyclonic anomalies, most pronounced for Washington and Oregon ARs. Linking AR dynamics and lifecycle characteristics to economic damage provides an opportunity for impact‐based forecasting of ARs prior to landfall, supporting efforts to mitigate extreme flood damages.
Severe plastic deformation of metals (2005)

This paper provides an introduction in the field of severe plastic deformation (SPD). First of all the main methods to produce SPD materials are discussed. In the following section, the mechanisms leading to the formation of fine grains are reviewed and the influence of changes in strain path is highlighted. During post-SPD thermal annealing, some typical microstructural changes take place. The influence of SPD and subsequent annealing on strength, ductility and superplastic properties are reviewed. Finally the paper provides a short overview of fatigue resistance and corrosion properties of those materials.