gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-band fiber optic signal processor (1989)

Operation of a 16-tap fiber-optic delay line configured as a bandpass filter with a fundamental frequency of 2.0 GHz over the frequency range from 0 to 12.5 GHz is discussed. Equal tap weights and spacings were used to facilitate comparison of experimental and predicted results. More than 10/sup 11/ analog multiplications per second are performed in this relatively simple signal processing system. Other processors for performing functions such as matched filtering and correlation can be implemented by appropriate choice of the mirror reflectances and fiber lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electron Heating in Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generators (1962)

Electron heating arising from the induced electric field is theoretically analyzed in three different idealized directcurrent MHD generator geometries. It is shown that the electron temperature can be considerably higher than the initial stagnation temperature of the gas. For conditions of electron heating, the current, electrical conductivity, and power density are calcuiated in a mixture of argon and 1% potassium in a segmented-electrode geometry. The calculated electrical conductivities and power densities are higher by one to two orders of magnitude than those achieved in MHD generators using combustion gases, but at a much lower temperature. These results indicate a possible method of solving two of the major problems of MHD power generation, viz., electrical conductivity and gas temperature. (auth)
CMOS-compatible silicon nitride waveguide photonic building blocks and their application for optical coherence tomography and other sensing applications (2020)

In this paper, we report our recent advances in the development of CMOS compatible PECVD silicon nitride waveguide based photonic key building blocks for optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 850 nm wavelength region and for biosensing applications in the visible domain around 650 nm wavelength. We discuss the design and experimental verification of compact low-loss waveguide bends, broadband couplers with varying power splitting ratios required for PIC based OCT systems, arrayed waveguide gratings for spectral domain OCT, and a monolithically integrated optically pumped organic solid-state laser for low-cost biosensing applications.
Image retrieval using VQ-based local Gabor feature (2002)

A new method of retrieving images from large image databases is proposed. The method is based on vector quantisation (VQ) of local texture information extracted by a Gabor wavelet filter bank at interest points automatically detected in an image. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a trademark image database and compared with the performance of some existing methods.
Intraoperative electrical stimulation for identification of cranial nerve nuclei (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of cranial nerve nuclei monitoring during resection of brainstem cavernous malformations. Eleven patients with brainstem cavernous malformations underwent resection of their malformations utilizing cranial nerve nuclei monitoring. Cranial nerves V and VII were monitored by placing electrodes in muscle groups innervated by these nerves and recording manipulation-induced neurotonic discharges and triggered electromyographic (EMG) activity, after electrical stimulation of the corresponding brainstem nuclei. Seven of 11 procedures (64%) with cranial nerve nuclei monitoring were noted to have cranial nerve nuclei activity corresponding to manipulation of the nuclei. The cavernous malformation was completely resected in 5 of 7 cases with cranial nerve nuclei activity and in all 4 cases without activity. In the remaining 2 cases, the cavernous malformation was not resected due to the proximity of the monitored cranial nerve nuclei to the cavernous malformation and to increasing neurotonic activity as the cavernous malformation was approached. None of the 11 patients had new permanent postoperative deficits corresponding to the cranial nerve nuclei monitored; 1 patient had a transient partial facial palsy lasting 2 days. Preliminary results indicate that cranial nerve nuclei monitoring proves useful in preserving neurologic function and reducing surgical morbidity during resection of brainstem cavernous malformations, particularly indicating when lesion resection places these nuclei at risk. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 22: 1538–1543, 1999
Stimulated decay of nonselectively pumped optical phonons in GaAs (1999)

We have considered the processes determining the steady-state population of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons being intensively produced in GaAs by electrons optically excited or accelerated in strong external electric field. The emitted LO phonons pass their energy to acoustic phonon systems through anharmonic decay into longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons. The latter emerge as almost monoenergetic and concentrated in a narrow layer in the reciprocal space. Had the occupation numbers of k states within this layer grown to unity, the decay process would have become stimulated, effectively desolating the built-in LO states and giving rise to various nonlinear phenomena. We show that this is actually the case by tracing LA phonon kinetics and calculating the number of phonons in each k state available for feedback. The results obtained substantially clarify the physical picture of energy transfer processes mediating heat removal in GaAs.
Content-based image retrieval using a combination of visual features and eye tracking data (2010)

Image retrieval technology has been developed for more than twenty years. However, the current image retrieval techniques cannot achieve a satisfactory recall and precision. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of an image retrieval system, a novel content-based image retrieval method with a combination of image segmentation and eye tracking data is proposed in this paper. In the method, eye tracking data is collected by a non-intrusive table mounted eye tracker at a sampling rate of 120 Hz, and the corresponding fixation data is used to locate the human's Regions of Interest (hROIs) on the segmentation result from the JSEG algorithm. The hROIs are treated as important informative segments/objects and used in the image matching. In addition, the relative gaze duration of each hROI is used to weigh the similarity measure for image retrieval. The similarity measure proposed in this paper is based on a retrieval strategy emphasizing the most important regions. Experiments on 7346 Hemera color images annotated manually show that the retrieval results from our proposed approach compare favorably with conventional content-based image retrieval methods, especially when the important regions are difficult to be located based on visual features.
Sex-Related Hearing Impairment in Wolfram Syndrome Patients Identified by Inactivating <i>WFS1</i> Mutations (2003)

This study examined the audiovestibular profile of 11 Wolfram syndrome patients (4 males, 7 females) from 7 families, with identified WFS1 mutations, and the audiometric profile of 17 related heterozygous carriers of WFS1 mutations. Patients with Wolfram syndrome showed a downsloping audiogram and progressive hearing impairment. None of the carriers had sensorineural hearing loss. Two patients with missense (non-inactivating) mutations in WFS1 had normal hearing and mild symptoms of Wolfram syndrome and were excluded from the analyses. Of the identified patients with inactivating WFS1 mutations, 5 female patients were significantly more hearing impaired than four male patients (p < 0.05). Female patients showed hearing impairment progressing by 1.5-2.0 dB HL per year for the low frequencies and 4.0-4.5 dB HL per year for the mid and high frequencies. The age of onset (90% phoneme recognition score) was 21 years and the onset level 78 dB HL. The deterioration rate was 4.0% per year and the deterioration gradient 1.4% per dB HL. One of the 6 examined patients had vestibular areflexia.
Urine Tests for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens (2019)

The relation between disease and urine was recognized by physicians since the earliest civilization BC. Urine is considered an ideal diagnostic specimen for its noninvasive and easy method of collection. Urinalysis encompasses a wide range of tests, which includes a variety of chemical tests, urine microscopy, bacterial cultures, and molecular tests. Importantly, urine tests can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTI), directly from urine and/or bacterial culture. This chapter summarizes the most common urine tests in the infectious disease field, with a special focus on diagnosing UTI and characterizing their antibiotic resistant. In addition to describing the advantages and limitation of these tests, the chapter explores the promising emerging technologies and methods in this field. This chapter is beneficial for scientists and healthcare workers in the field.
Phase Unwrapping of Self-mixing Signals Observed in Optical Feedback Interferometry for Displacement Measurement (2006)

With an optical feedback interferometry (OFI), a self-mixing signal (SMS) can be observed and employed to determine parameters of the semiconductor laser and metrological quantities of an object. In the cases of the measurement of the movement trace of an external target, phase unwrapping of the SMS must be performed, which remains a challenging issue. We report a technique for achieving phase unwrapping of the SMS signals as follows. Firstly, the behaviour of the phase equation of the OFI is studied, based on which general laws for laser phase change with respect to external target movement is extracted. Secondly, the correlation between the laser phase change and SMS signal is studied. Finally phase unwrapping algorithm is developed based on the relationship. In order to make sure that the proposed approach works well in the cases of noisy SMS data, pre-processing algorithms are also discussed. The proposed techniques have been tested by both computer simulation and experimental data which show that excellent agreement can be achieved and the movement trace of the external target can be retrieved
EFFECTS OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITION BY CLORGYLINE, DEPRENIL OR TRANYLCYPROMINE ON 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE CONCENTRATIONS IN RAT BRAIN AND HYPERACTIVITY FOLLOWING SUBSEQUENT TRYPTOPHAN ADMINISTRATION (1975)

1 The effect of various doses of tranylcypromine on the degree of inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) using 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and phenylethylamine as substrates has been examined 120 min after injection of the inhibitor. The concentration of brain 5-HT was also examined both after tranylcypromine alone and also when L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) had been given 30 min after the tranylcypromine. 2 All doses of tranylcypromine greater than 2.5 mg/kg totally inhibited MAO oxidation of 5-HT, phenylethylamine and dopamine as measured in vitro and produced a similar rise of brain 5-HT in vivo. When tryptophan was also given, there was a further rise of brain 5-HT, which was comparable after all doses of tranylcypromine above 2.5 mg/kg and the characteristic syndrome of hyperactivity made is appearance. 3 Clorgyline (a "Type A" MAO inhibitor), in doses up to 10 mg/kg, did not totally inhibit MAO activity towards phenylethylamine although it did inhibit 5-HT oxidation by 100%. Deprenil (a "Type B" MAO inhibitor) at doses up to 10 mg/kg did not fully inhibit 5-HT oxidation although phenylethylamine oxidation was inhibited almost completely. Administration of either compound alone did not produce as great an accumulation of brain 5-HT as that seen after tranylcypromine (2.5 mg/kg) and subsequent administration of tryptophan did not cause hyperactivity or the rise of brain 5-HT seen after tranylcypromine (2.5 mg/kg) plus tryptophan. 4 Administration of clorgyline plus deprenil (2.5 mg/kg of each) almost totally inhibited oxidation of both 5-HT and phenylethylamine; subsequent tryptophan administration resulted in a rise of brain 5-HT nearly as great as that seen following tranylcypromine (2.5 mg/kg) plus tryptophan and the animals became hyperactive. 5 No evidence was found pointing to the formation of any other 5-substituted indole in the brain following tranylcypromine plus L-tryptophan administration as suggested by others. 6 It is concluded that while 5-HT may normally be metabolized in the brain by "Tye A" MAO in vivo, when this form is inhibited, 5-HT can still be metabolized by "Type B" enzyme. It is only when both forms are almost totally inhibited that the largest rise of brain 5-HT is seen and subsequent tryptophan administration produces the hyperactivity syndrome.
Development of an Upper Airway Model in a 32 Weeks Gestational Age Premature Newborn (2006)

Background: Effective airway passage of aerosols in respiratory therapy of neonates is crucial for a positive outcome. Therefore, devices aimed at delivering aerosols to the lungs such as inhalers and nebulisers must be studied thoroughly. For this purpose we constructed an anatomically correct model of the upper airways in a 32 weeks gestational age premature infant. Objective: This study describes the construction process, validation and characterization of this airway model. Methods: Three-dimensional reconstruction of a three-planar MRI scan was done using Magics© software (Materialise™, Munich, Germany) followed by selection of an optimal air-mucosa threshold. Model reconstruction was achieved using the generated data and Selective Laser Sintering Technique. Subsequently, validation was realized between the original data and a CT scan of our model by comparison of airway volume and anatomical reference points. Results: The construction process proved to have a high accuracy. The airway volumes of the initial MRI and the control CT scan showed to be 1277 mm3 and 1265mm3, respectively. The final relative deviation in volume was 0.94 percent. Conclusion: We constructed an anatomically correct model of the upper airways of a 32 week-old premature infant with high accuracy. This model is suitable for further in vitro measurements such as lung dose measurements of aerosols.
Rehabilitation Activities Profile: the ICIDH as a framework for a problem-oriented assessment method in rehabilitation medicine (1995)

The Rehabilitation Activities Profile (RAP) is an ICIDH-based assessment method that covers the domains of communication, mobility, personal care, occupation, and relationships. Disabilities and handicaps in these domains are assessed on four-point Likert scales for severity. Problems perceived by the patient associated with these disabilities or handicaps are also assessed on four-point Likert scales for severity. High scores on perceived problems represent a patient's priorities. Information is gathered through a semi-structured interview with the patient; proxies and observations can be used as additional sources of information. Assessment can be performed at two levels. The first level is a global one, serving as a screening device. If disabilities or handicaps are identified, the second level provides for an in-depth assessment of those specific disabilities and handicaps as well as the related perceived problems. The method is designed to assist screening, goal-setting, and outcome evaluation of individual patients.
Use of Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis for Model Discrimination: Example – DMFC Anode Kinetics (2008)

Nonlinear frequency response analysis is proven as a powerful tool for the characterization of nonlinear systems. A set of frequency response functions (FRF), which contain different information, is obtained. In a number of cases, the second and higher order FRF corresponding to different kinetic models differ in shape, which enables reliable discrimination and identification of the correct model. The set of FRF can be used to estimate kinetic and equilibrium parameters, including those defining the system nonlinearity. An investigation of the direct methanol fuel cell anode kinetics is used to illustrate the method. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering (Prague, Czech Republic 8/24-28/2008).
Discrepancies in the Use of Medications (2000)

Discrepancies among recorded and reported medications were common and involved all classes of medications, including cardiac and prescription drugs. Older age and polypharmacy were the most significant correlates of discrepancy. The pervasiveness of discrepancies can have significant health care implications, and action is urgently needed to address their causes. Such action would likely have a positive impact on patient care.
Investigations on propagation and the band broadening effect of ridged rectangular waveguide integrated in a multilayer dielectric substrate (2010)

To improve the bandwidth of the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), a ridged substrate-integrated waveguide (RSIW) with a centre ridge of cylindrical posts is proposed. A 37% bandwidth enhancement is achieved in this study. Wider bandwidths are still possible. Theoretical design formulas are derived. In the derivation, the TE modes are made equivalent to those of a transmission line cavity, across the transverse plane, and the cavity is loaded by a ridge of capacitive posts. Good agreements are observed between the theoretical formulas, numerical simulations and a hardware experiment. The study ends by pointing out that the ohmic loss of a RSIW is just as low as that of an SIW and of a regular waveguide of solid wall.
Redox State-Dependent Interaction of HMGB1 and Cisplatin-Modified DNA (2011)

HMGB1, one of the most abundant nuclear proteins, has a strong binding affinity for cisplatin-modified DNA. It has been proposed that HMGB1 enhances the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin by shielding platinated DNA lesions from repair. Two cysteine residues in HMGB1 domain A form a reversible disulfide bond under mildly oxidizing conditions. The reduced domain A protein binds to a 25-bp DNA probe containing a central 1,2-d(GpG) intrastrand cross-link, the major platinum−DNA adduct, with a 10-fold greater binding affinity than the oxidized domain A. The binding affinities of singly and doubly mutated HMGB1 domain A, respectively deficient in one or both cysteine residues that form the disulfide bond, are unaffected by changes in external redox conditions. The redox-dependent nature of the binding of HMGB1 domain A to cisplatin-modified DNA suggests that formation of the intradomain disulfide bond induces a conformational change that disfavors binding to cisplatin-modified DNA. Hydroxyl radical footprinting analyses of wild-type domain A bound to platinated DNA under different redox conditions revealed identical cleavage patterns, implying that the asymmetric binding mode of the protein across from the platinated lesion is conserved irrespective of the redox state. The results of this study reveal that the cellular redox environment can influence the interaction of HMGB1 with the platinated DNA and suggest that the redox state of the A domain is a potential factor in regulating the role of the protein in modulating the activity of cisplatin as an anticancer drug.
Adsorption of methylene blue in aqueous phase by fly ash, clay and walnut shell as adsorbents. (2010)

2 Abstract: Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption from aqueous phase was investigated using three types of adsorbents. Granular solid adsorbents were prepared from waste wood fly ash and clay. Experiments were conducted in a batch system for determining sorption equilibria. For continuous process, the adsorbents were packed in a column to remove MB from the synthetic wastewater. The fabricated adsorbents and also pretreated walnut shell were used to compare the performance of the packed adsorbents. The generated wastewater contained 4 mg/l of MB. The wastewater with flow rate of 18 ml/min was continuously pumped through the column using peristaltic pump for removal of dyes from aqueous phase. The effluent samples were collected with respect to time at a time interval of 2 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of clay, fly ash and walnut shell was 7.14, 7.87 and 5.78 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were investigated to interpret the experimental equilibrium data. The obtained results revealed that the sorption data were well described by Freundlich model. Adsorption model represented by Langmuir model also depicted similar results. Results obtained from dynamic study in packed column indicated that the maximum and minimum removal efficiency of 90 and 53% was devoted to walnut shell and clay, respectively.
Micro-mechanical integrated optical structures (2012)

The work presented, reports recent developments in the fabrication of micro-mechanical integrated optical components. Combining physical micromachining and direct UV-writing, micro-membranes micro-cantilevers and microbridge structures are fabricated.
Hfq and sRNA 179 Inhibit Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cAMP-Vfr and Type III Secretion Regulons (2020)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen causing skin and soft tissue, respiratory, and bloodstream infections. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is one important virulence factor. Production of the T3SS is controlled by ExsA, a transcription factor that activates expression of the entire T3SS regulon. Global regulators including Vfr, RsmA, and Hfq also contribute to regulation of the T3SS. Vfr is a cAMP-responsive transcription factor that activates <i>exsA</i> transcription. RsmA, an RNA-binding protein, inversely controls expression of the T3SS and the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Hfq is an RNA chaperone that functions by stabilizing small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) and/or facilitating base pairing between sRNAs and mRNA targets. A previous study identified sRNA 1061, which directly targets the <i>exsA</i> mRNA and likely inhibits ExsA synthesis. In this study, we screened an sRNA expression library and identified sRNA 179 as an Hfq-dependent inhibitor of T3SS gene expression. Further characterization revealed that sRNA 179 inhibits the synthesis of both ExsA and Vfr. The previous finding that RsmA stimulates ExsA and Vfr synthesis suggested that sRNA 179 impacts the Gac/Rsm system. Consistent with that idea, the inhibitory activity of sRNA 179 is suppressed in a mutant lacking <i>rsmY</i> and <i>rsmZ</i>, and sRNA 179 expression stimulates <i>rsmY</i> transcription. RsmY and RsmZ are small noncoding RNAs that sequester RsmA from target mRNAs. Our combined findings show that Hfq and sRNA 179 indirectly regulate ExsA and Vfr synthesis by reducing the available pool of RsmA, leading to reduced expression of the T3SS and cAMP-Vfr regulons.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Control of gene expression by small noncoding RNA (sRNA) is well documented but underappreciated. Deep sequencing of mRNA preparations from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> suggests that >500 sRNAs are generated. Few of those sRNAs have defined roles in gene expression. To address that knowledge gap, we constructed an sRNA expression library and identified sRNA 179 as a regulator of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and the cAMP-Vfr regulons. The T3SS- and cAMP-Vfr-controlled genes are critical virulence factors. Increased understanding of the signals and regulatory mechanisms that control these important factors will enhance our understanding of disease progression and reveal potential approaches for therapeutic intervention.