gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Sound-Sensitive Source of Alpha Oscillations in Human Non-Primary Auditory Cortex (2019)

The functional organization of human auditory cortex can be probed by characterizing responses to various classes of sound at different anatomical locations. Along with histological studies this approach has revealed a primary field in posteromedial Heschl's gyrus (HG) with pronounced induced high-frequency (70-150 Hz) activity and short-latency responses that phase-lock to rapid transient sounds. Low-frequency neural oscillations are also relevant to stimulus processing and information flow, however, their distribution within auditory cortex has not been established. Alpha activity (7-14 Hz) in particular has been associated with processes that may differentially engage earlier versus later levels of the cortical hierarchy, including functional inhibition and the communication of sensory predictions. These theories derive largely from the study of occipitoparietal sources readily detectable in scalp electroencephalography. To characterize the anatomical basis and functional significance of less accessible temporal-lobe alpha activity we analyzed responses to sentences in seven human adults (4 female) with epilepsy who had been implanted with electrodes in superior temporal cortex. In contrast to primary cortex in posteromedial HG, a non-primary field in anterolateral HG was characterized by high spontaneous alpha activity that was strongly suppressed during auditory stimulation. Alpha-power suppression decreased with distance from anterolateral HG throughout superior temporal cortex, and was more pronounced for clear compared to degraded speech. This suppression could not be accounted for solely by a change in the slope of the power spectrum. The differential manifestation and stimulus-sensitivity of alpha oscillations across auditory fields should be accounted for in theories of their generation and function.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> To understand how auditory cortex is organized in support of perception, we recorded from patients implanted with electrodes for clinical reasons. This allowed measurement of activity in brain regions at different levels of sensory processing. Oscillations in the alpha range (7-14 Hz) have been associated with functions including sensory prediction and inhibition of regions handling irrelevant information, but their distribution within auditory cortex is not known. A key finding was that these oscillations dominated in one particular non-primary field, anterolateral Heschl's gyrus, and were suppressed when subjects listened to sentences. These results build on our knowledge of the functional organization of auditory cortex and provide anatomical constraints on theories of the generation and function of alpha oscillations.
Production-Scale Adsorptive Separations of Liquid Mixtures by Simulated Moving-Bed Technology (1984)

Abstract The commercial use of liquid chromatography for separation of bulk components from mixtures has undergone a rapid expansion in recent years. This expansion has been accomplished largely by use of a flow scheme that realizes the process advantages of continuous countercurrent movement of liquid and solid without actual movement of the adsorbent. Since startup of the first such plant in 1963, a total of 60 units has been licensed in six different applications. These have an aggregate capacity in excess of five million tons per annum of selectively adsorbed purified product. The sequence of research and development studies leading to commercialization of this process are outlined, and the present and projected applications are reviewed.
Continuous K-Nearest Neighbor Query Processing Considering Peer Mobilities in Mobile P2P Networks (2012)

본 논문에서는 MP2P(Mobile Peer-to-Peer) 네트워크 환경에서 이동하는 피어들을 대상으로 실시간으로 질의 결과를 갱신하는 연속적인 k-최근접 질의 처리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 질의 피어와 근접한 k개의 피어를 효율적으로 모니터링하기 위하여 모니터링 영역(monitoring region)을 생성하여 배포한다. 모니터링 영역은 주변 피어들의 이동 벡터를 이용하여 특정 시간 범위 내에서 최소 k개의 질의 결과를 보장하기 위해 만들어진 영역이다. 제안하는 기법은 주변 피어들의 벡터를 이용하여 Monitoring Region을 계산하기 때문에 유지 시간을 증가시켜 모니터링 영역의 무효화에 따른 질의 재수행 비용을 감소시킨다. 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 기존 기법과 성능 평가를 수행한 결과 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법보다 우수한 성능을 보였다. In this paper, we propose a continuous k-nearest neighborhood query processing method for updating the query results in real-time over mobile peer-to-peer environments. The proposed method disseminates a monitoring region to efficiently monitor the k-nearest neighbor peers. The Monitoring Region is created to assure at least k peers as the result of the query within the time range using the vector of neighbor peers. In the propose method, the monitoring region is valid for a long time because it is calculated by the vector of neighbor peers of the query peer. Therefore, the proposed method decreases the cost of re-processing by monitoring region invalidation. In order to show the superiority of the proposed method, we compare it with the previous schemes through performance evaluation.
Dual-Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna for C and X Band Application (2012)

The proposed technique combines a slot antenna and a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to effectively design a dual band dielectric resonant antenna without compromising miniaturization or its efficiency. It is observed that the resonance of the slot and that of the dielectric structure merged to achieve extremely wide bandwidth over which the antenna polarization and radiation pattern are preserved. Here the effect of slot size on the radiation performance of the DRA is studied. The antenna structure is simulated using two simulators (Ansoft HFSS and CST-Studio software). The simulated results are presented and compared with the measured results. This DRA has a gain of 6 dBi and 5.5 dBi at 6.1 and 8.3 GHz, respectively, 10 dB return impedance bandwidth of nearly 4% and 6% at two resonating frequencies and 98% efficiency has been achieved from the configuration. It is shown that the size of the slot can significantly affect the radiation properties of the DRA, and there are good agreements between simulation and measured results.
Xylose‐Configured Cyclophellitols as Selective Inhibitors for Glucocerebrosidase (2021)

Glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a lysosomal retaining β-d-glucosidase, has recently been shown to hydrolyze β-d-xylosides and to transxylosylate cholesterol. Genetic defects in GBA cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD), and also constitute a risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease. GBA and other retaining glycosidases can be selectively visualized by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) using fluorescent probes composed of a cyclophellitol scaffold having a configuration tailored to the targeted glycosidase family. GBA processes β-d-xylosides in addition to β-d-glucosides, this in contrast to the other two mammalian cellular retaining β-d-glucosidases, GBA2 and GBA3. Here we show that the xylopyranose preference also holds up for covalent inhibitors: xylose-configured cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol aziridines selectively react with GBA over GBA2 and GBA3 in vitro and in vivo, and that the xylose-configured cyclophellitol is more potent and more selective for GBA than the classical GBA inhibitor, conduritol B-epoxide (CBE). Both xylose-configured cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol aziridine cause accumulation of glucosylsphingosine in zebrafish embryo, a characteristic hallmark of GD, and we conclude that these compounds are well suited for creating such chemically induced GD models.
Plenary talk unconventional imaging for remote sensing applications (2010)

Summary form only given. Images can be formed in many nontraditional ways. For remote sensing applications through atmospheric turbulence, we have developed both passive and active (laser) imaging approaches. (1) For astronomy or space-object imaging, phase retrieval algorithms can reconstruct a fine-resolution diffraction-limited image from a number of short-exposure blurred images. (2) For long horizontal-path imaging, for which the atmospheric blur is highly space-variant, laser illumination and digital holography allow one to sense the optical fields and reconstruct an image without any image-forming optics. Image sharpening algorithms can then estimate the turbulence functions in multiple planes and digitally correct the space-variant blur.
Versatile Germanium Photodiodes with 3dB Bandwidths from 110 GHz to 265 GHz (2022)

We demonstrate waveguide coupled germanium fin p-i-n photodiode being on a par with state-of-the-art III-V devices. The intrinsic, undoped germanium regions of the photodiodes are sandwiched in between two complementary in situ-doped silicon regions, circumventing ion-implantation into Ge. By scaling the width of the germanium, different combinations of bandwidths and responsivities can be obtained. Optoelectrical 3-dB bandwidths reaching up to 265 GHz at (1550 nm) 1 mA photocurrent and 2 V reverse bias are shown for a device with ~100 nm narrow germanium fin. Certainly, broader germanium region will yield higher responsivities but on the expense of 3-dB bandwidths. Increase of the germanium width from 100 nm to 450 nm results in a change in internal responsivity from 0.3 A/W to 1 A/W at -2 V bias. The impact of high photocurrent on performance of our new photodiodes will be presented in this paper.
Machine vision and vitrectomy: three-dimensional high definition (3DHD) video for surgical visualization in vitreoretinal surgery (2011)

Purpose: Machine vision with 3DHD video theoretically offers resolving capacity approaching that of the operating microscope and may have applications in vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: 9 eyes of 9 patients were operated. Surgical visualization was provided by one of two 3DHD video systems. The surgeon did not look through the operating microscope at any time from the beginning to the end of the surgical procedure. Results: 9 pars plana vitrectomies, 8 epiretinal membrane peels, 7 ILM peels, 3 cataract surgeries, one air fluid exchange, and one retrieval of a luxed intraocular lens implant from the voitreous cavity were performed successfully. Anatomic and visual results were excellent. No complications occurred. Surgeon comfort during surgery was superb. Conclusions: 3DHD machine vision may be utilized for surgical visualization in select vitreoretinal patients. The implications and applications of this new technology remain unknown.
Performance evaluation of hydroxylated and acylated silicone rubber coatings. (1992)

Hydroxylated and C16 acylated silicone rubber films were prepared with enhanced albumin binding. Lee-White clotting times were significantly increased for both treatments. Hydroxylation significantly reduced C5a production. Hydroxylated silicone rubber femoral vein catheters in canines reduced 111In-labeled platelet activity, compared with bilateral silicone rubber catheter controls. The results suggest hydroxylated silicone rubber films have enhanced biocompatibility.
ICAM-1 is required for T cell proliferation but not for anergy or apoptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in vivo (1995)

The response of T lymphocytes to superantigens requires expression of the appropriate TCR V beta gene products as well as the establishment of cellular interactions mediated by adhesion molecules. To study the role of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in the response in vivo to superantigens, we have analyzed the effects induced by the bacterial superantigen Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in mice which have been made genetically deficient in ICAM-1. SEB treatment of wild-type mice causes proliferation, deletion and anergy of the SEB-reactive V beta 8+ T cell population. Here we show that cellular interactions mediated by ICAM-1 are not essential for the induction of anergy or for the deletion of CD4+ V beta 8+ or CD8+ V beta 8+ T cells, but are required for the proliferation of these peripheral T lymphocytes. This is the first demonstration in vivo that the absence of the co-stimulatory signals provided by the interaction of ICAM-1 with its specific ligands impairs the proliferation of SEB-reactive T cells. Interestingly, our study showed that SEB-induced proliferation of CD8+ V beta 8+ T cells from lymph nodes (not from spleen) is independent of the interactions mediated by ICAM-1.
Real-Time Detection and Localisation of Fetal Standard Scan Planes in 2D Freehand Ultrasound. (2016)

Identifying and interpreting fetal standard scan planes during 2D ultrasound
mid-pregnancy examinations are highly complex tasks which require years of
training. Apart from guiding the probe to the correct location, it can be
equally difficult for a non-expert to identify relevant structures within the
image. Automatic image processing can provide tools to help experienced as well
as inexperienced operators with these tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel
method based on convolutional neural networks which can automatically detect 13
fetal standard views in freehand 2D ultrasound data as well as provide a
localisation of the fetal structures via a bounding box. An important
contribution is that the network learns to localise the target anatomy using
weak supervision only. The network architecture is designed to operate in
real-time while providing optimal output for the localisation task. We present
results for real-time annotation, retrospective frame retrieval from saved
videos, and localisation on a very large and challenging dataset consisting of
images and video recordings of full clinical anomaly screenings. The proposed
method annotated video frames with an average F1-score of 0.86, and obtained a
90.09% accuracy for retrospective frame retrieval. Moreover, we achieved an
accuracy of 77.8% on the localisation task.
An exploration of the oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 gene and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2011)

Zai, Gwyneth; Sicard, Tricia; Burroughs, Eliza; Kennedy, James L.; Richter, Margaret A. Author Information
Yellow nail syndrome (2009)

The pathogenesis of YNS remains poorly defined. The diagnosis is established on the basis of characteristic clinical features including abnormal nails, lymphedema and respiratory manifestations. The clinical course is generally benign, and current treatment aims to control the various clinical manifestations of this obscure disease process.
Reducing Inversion Twinning in Single Crystal Growth of GaPO4 (2002)

Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) single crystals were grown by the reverse temperature gradient method from phosphoric acid solutions under hydrothermal conditions. Twins after (110) were studied by etching faces having been cut perpendicular to one of the twofold axes. Based on the determination of the twin boundary position as well as on the knowledge of the growth rates of different crystallographic forms, a few faces have been chosen to be quite promising for growing high-quality GaPO4 single crystals if they are offered at the referring seed crystal. From the characterization of the grown crystals conditions have been found, which may lead to the reduction of the inversion twin number during the growth process.
Insulin-like growth factor II-mediated proliferation of human neuroblastoma. (1991)

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor that typically arises in cells of the developing adrenal medulla. IGF-II mRNA is expressed at high levels in the adrenal cortex before birth but it is not detectable until after birth in the adrenal medulla. Neuroblastoma cell lines corresponding to early adrenal medullary precursors did not express IGF-II, although all three cell lines we tested were growth stimulated by IGF-II. Cell lines corresponding to more mature adrenal medullary cells expressed IGF-II, and one, SK-N-AS, grows by an IGF-II autocrine mechanism (J. Clin. Invest. 84:829-839) El-Badry, Romanus, Helman, Cooper, Rechler, and Israel. 1989. An examination of human neuroblastoma tumor tissues for IGF-II gene expression using in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that IGF-II is expressed by tumor cells in only 5 of 21 neuroblastomas, but is detectable in cells of nonmalignant tissues including adrenal cortical cells, stromal fibroblasts, and eosinophils in all 21 tumors. These findings indicate that IGF-II may function as an autocrine growth factor for some neuroblastomas and as a paracrine growth factor for others. They suggest that the growth regulatory pathways utilized by neuroblastoma mimic those used in the precursor cell type from which individual tumors arise.
Broadband short-range surface plasmon structures for absorption enhancement in organic photovoltaics (2010)

We theoretically demonstrate a polarization-independent nanopatterned ultra-thin metallic structure supporting broadband short-range surface plasmon polariton (SRSPP) modes to improve the performance of organic solar cells.
N-oxyl mediated free radical donor-acceptor co- and terpolymerization of styrene, cyclic maleimide monomers andn-butyl methacrylate (2000)

The N-oxyl mediated donor-acceptor copolymerization of styrene as a donor and the maleimides N-phenylmaleimide (NPI), N-benzylmaleimide (BMI), and N-cyclohexylmaleimide (CMI) as acceptor monomers is studied, using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) as reversible capping agent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. These copolymerizations are characterized by high polymerization rates and very short induction periods. In bulk, a control of the molecular weights and the polydispersity is only possible for the weakest acceptor CMI. For the stronger acceptors BMI and NPI the polymerizations have to be performed in solution (anisol) to realize a linear increase of the molecular weight with conversion and polydispersities below Mw/Mn 1.55. The polymerization rates (NPI > BMI > CMI), the induction periods (CMI > BMI > NPI) and the total number of polymer chains (NPI > BMI > CMI) of the TEMPO mediated free radical donor-acceptor copolymerizations are a function of the acceptor strength of the maleimide monomers. As the main reason for the observed high reactivity, an “acceptor depending self-initiation”, proceeding via a Diels-Alder reaction mechanism, is discussed. Additionally, the concept of the “acceptor depending self-initiation” is used for the rate of acceleration of S/BuMA copolymerizations leading to poly(S-co-BuMA-co-maleimide) terpolymers with well-controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.
Arterio–venous difference in lactate levels in myocardial Ischemia and reperfusion (1978)

The effects of 30-, 60-, and 90-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 60-min reperfusion were studied on the left ventricular dP/dt, myocardial ultrastructure, and tissue as well as blood lactate levels in dogs. The dP/dt was depressed by the occlusion, and reperfusion instituted after 30 min resulted in full recovery whereas that after 90 min had an adverse effect. Varying degrees of ultrastructural damage were noted after 60 and 90 min of occlusion and this was further exaggerated by reperfusion. Coronary occlusion markedly increased lactate content of ischemic myocardium, and the same returned to normal upon reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia for 30 or 60 min did not affect net arterial lactate extraction by the heart, but ischemia for 90 min reversed net lactate extraction to net lactate production by the heart. Reperfusion after 30 min of occlusion significantly increased lactate extraction, but reperfusion after 60 and 90 min of ischemia significantly decreased net lactate extraction and increased net production, respectively. The results indicate that estimation of net lactate exchange across the heart can be of value in assessing the viability of myocardium following coronary bypass surgery.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with ileostomy (2015)

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D deficiency in IBD patients with ileostomy has not been systemically studied. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and risk factors associated with low 25(OH) D3 levels in those patients. Methods 112 eligible IBD patients with ileostomy were studied. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic variables were analyzed. Vitamin D levels before and after ileostomy were compared when available. Levels of serum 25(OH)D3 &lt;20 ng/mL were classed as being deficient. Results 112 eligible ileostomy patients were included. The mean vitamin D level was 21.47 ± 1.08 ng/dl. Low levels of vitamin D (&lt;30 ng/dl) were present in 92 patients (82%). Vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/dL) was seen in 55 patients (49%). There was no difference between patients with or without vitamin D deficiency regarding demographic variables, medication use and duration of ileostomy. Neo-ileal inflammation on endoscopy was not associated with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.155). Lower levels of phosphorus (p = 0.020) or hemoglobin (p = 0.019) and shorter duration of IBD (p = 0.047) were found in patients with vitamin D deficiency. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of phosphorus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–2.89, p = 0.009) and hemoglobin (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60, p = 0.006) remained significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in IBD patients with ileostomy and is associated with low hemoglobin levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate vitamin D supplementation as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of anemia of chronic disease in IBD patients.
Soft coatings, a new antimicrobial strategy for biomaterials? (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Fighting microbial biofilms on biomaterials is usually addressed by incorporating antimicrobial agents. Nevertheless, as usual in the natural life, intrinsic properties of the material surface can also be a complementary approach. They may drastically reduce the quantity of adhered microorganisms and the remaining microorganisms can be treated with classical antimicrobial agents. Mechanical properties of material surfaces recently emerged as a possible way to impact biofilm formation, but many questions have still to be elucidated so far.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We have especially investigated whether hydrogel and non-hydrogel soft and stiff films may differently impact, microbial behavior and biofilm formation. The films have been thoroughly characterized in terms of viscoelasticity, hydration and chemistry. Microbial mobility, adhered quantity and production of organelles such as pili have been specifically investigated. Surface properties, especially mechanical ones, have been thoroughly characterized. The study has been conducted with yeast (Candida albicans) and bacteria species (Escherichia coli) as models. Our results reveal that the stiffness differently impacts the amount and mobility of the adhered cells according to the nature of the film. &amp;amp;#160;These softness- and hydration-dependent microbial phenomena also vary with bacteria and yeast species.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Finally, this confirms the relevance of using some soft coatings to prevent biofilm formation on a material but also clarifies the risks to get opposite effects as desired if other crucial surface properties have not been associated.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Application of Quantum Chemical Calculations to the Identification of Positional Isomers of Polysubstituted Alkylbenzenes (1992)

The problem of assignment of positional isomers of alkylbenzenes to chromatographic peaks is addressed. Probable structures are attributed based on the correlation of stabilities of the isomers, which are expressed as the total molecular energies calculated by the MINDO/3 semiempirical quantum chemical method, and the proportions of the isomers in the reaction mixture. Multicomponent alkylbenzene mixtures were prepared and separated by capillary gas chromatography, and the identity of the isomers was confirmed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combination.