gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis Of di- and tri-substituted thiourea derivatives in water using choline chloride–urea catalyst (2018)

In this work, di- and tri-substituted thiourea derivatives have been synthesized via a one-pot, three-component reaction from carbon disulfide and aliphatic or aromatic amines using choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent as a catalyst in water. Both cyclic and acyclic thiourea derivatives with two or three substituents were synthesized successfully. The reactions were done at 25–100°C, using 5–20 mol% catalyst, in 3–5 h and the GC-Mass yields were between 60% and 95%. All products were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS and melting point analyses. The results showed that both water and the DES have important effects on the yield and the rate of this reaction and both of them are necessary to obtain higher yields in less time. The extra experiment, which was designed to study the mechanism of the reaction, showed that an isothiocyanate intermediate was formed in the reaction. Finally, the results showed that by the increase of the amine's nucleophilicity, the reaction occurs faster and gives higher yield.
Effect of a prosthetic disc nucleus on the mobility and disc height of the L4–5 intervertebral disc postnucleotomy (2001)

Compared with the intact state (100%), the nucleotomy increased the ROM in flexion-extension to 118%, lateral bending to 112%, and axial rotation to 121%; once the device was implanted the ROM was reduced to 102%, 88%, and 90%, respectively. The NZ increased the ROM to 210%, lateral bending to 173%, and axial rotation to 107% after nucleotomy, and 146%, 149%, 44%, respectively, after device implantation. A 200-N preload reduced the intact and postnucleotomy disc heights by approximately 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The original intact disc height was restored after implantation of the device. The results of the cadaveric L4-5 flexibility testing indicate that the device can potentially restore ROM, NZ, and disc height to the denucleated segment.
Effects of Tuned Mass Dampers to Local Site Dependent Earthquake Ground Motions (1987)

This paper deals with the application of tuned mass dampers (TMD) for earthquake response reduction of multistory structures. Highly resonant response due to the narrow-banded strong ground motion record of the 1985 Mexico earthquake is reduced significantly when TMDs are included into the structures. On the other hand, response to wide-banded strong motion records is reduced only moderately.
Aerial RIS for MU-MISO: Joint Base Station Beamforming and RIS Phase Shifter Optimization (2022)

This paper proposes a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), also known as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), that is carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to enhance the transmission rates of multiple ground users. We formulate the multiuser multiple-input, single-output (MU-MISO) system configuration problem to jointly optimize the active transmit beamforming at the base station and the phase shifts of the aerial RIS (ARIS) with the objective of maximizing the weighted sum rate (WSR). The solution is derived as an iterative optimization scheme by dividing the problem into two sub-blocks that are optimized alternately. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high performance with a low computational complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Thermal Stability, and Chemiluminescence Properties of Bisdioxetanes Derived from p‐Dioxines. (1986)

Abstract The new dioxines (Ib), (Ic) are prepared by elimination of met‐hanol from the compounds (III) or (IV) [obtained from benzoins (II)] or the compound (V) respectively; the dioxine (Ia) is known.
Active minimization of energy density in three-dimensional enclosures (1994)

The objective of this research project is to further investigate and develop a novel approach for actively controlling the sound field in enclosures. Typically the acoustic field in an enclosure has been controlled by minimizing the sum of the squared pressures from several microphones distributed throughout the enclosure. The approach being investigated in this project involves minimizing the acoustic energy density at the sensor locations, rather than the squared pressure. Previous research in a simple one-dimensional enclosure showed that improved global attenuation of the acoustic field is often obtained by minimizing the energy density, rather than the pressure. The current project builds on the previous research by extending the method of controlling the acoustic energy density to three-dimensional enclosures. The results will establish if improved control can still be expected in a more general enclosure. Pending successful results, the method could be applied to control problems such as attenuating the acoustic noise in an aircraft fuselage, an automobile cabin, or other general enclosures. The research project was set up as a two-year project designed to achieve both numerical and experimental results. The primary focus of the first year of research (now being completed) was on the analytical/numerical modeling of the method of controlling the acoustic energy density. During the second year, the research focuses on experimental verification of the approach and extending our understanding of the method.
Corrosion protective performance of epoxy-amino branched polydimethylsiloxane hybrid coatings on carbon steel (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this work was to prepare a hybrid organic/inorganic coating with interesting barrier properties against the corrosion of plain carbon steel sheets in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. The search for replacing chromates in protective coatings has led to the development of hybrid sol-gel anticorrosive coatings. Appropriate functionalization can dramatically enhance the chemical durability and mechanical strength of these coatings. Design/methodology/approach – To prepare the targeted coating, 1,2-epoxybutane (EB) was mixed with 2-4 per cent aminoethylaminopropyl-methylsiloxane dimethylsiloxane copolymer and 1,6-diaminohexane. The above coating (EBAC) was further mixed with three different corrosion inhibitors “Moly-white® 101-ED, Hfucophos Zapp®” and Cerium Ammonium Nitrate, yielding the coatings (EBAC-M), (EBAC-Z) and (EABC-Ce), respectively. The corrosion characteristics of all coatings on carbon steel panels immersed in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution were obtained using different electrochemical methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopic and Tafel polarization measurements. Findings – The newly prepared coatings showed interesting properties for protecting the steel substrate against corrosion in chloride containing media. Originality/value – The results provide a good approach for the modification of polydimethylsiloxane coatings using a simple organic modifier.
EFFECT OF ??-HYDROXY-??-METHYLBUTYRATE AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON STRENGTH AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITY IN THE ELDERLY (1998)

1100 Lean body mass and muscle strength have been shown to increase in young subjects when the nutritional supplement, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate(HMB), is taken in conjunction with an intensive resistance training program. It is unknown whether a similar response can be achieved in older adults taking HMB and whether this translates into a greater functional ability. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of HMB on muscle strength and functional ability in a group of elderly subjects participating in a resistance training program. Thirty-five elderly men and women were randomized into either a HMB (n=17; 71±5 yrs) or a placebo(P) (n=18; 74±4 yrs) group. Both groups underwent 8 wks of resistance training on 10 Keiser™ isotonic machines, designed to isolate all major muscle groups. Subjects performed 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 75 to 85% of their pre-training 1-RM, 3x/wk. Before and after training, changes in leg extension and chest press strength; time to get out of a chair, walk 6.6 m, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down (GUG); and time to walk 15.2 m at their regular stride length were measured. Analysis of Covariance showed that following training all of the above parameters except for walking time significantly improved. The adjusted means were not significantly different between the two groups with respect to leg extension (P:60.5;HMB:59.5 kg) and chest press (P:51.8;HMB:50.5 kg) in relative strength changes. The groups were, however, significantly different in GUG times (P:13.52;HMB:12.74 s). In summary, upper and lower body strength increases were similar, but individuals in the HMB group experienced greater improvements in their ability to GUG which suggests an increase in functional ability of elderly adults supplemented with HMB.
Progression of Early Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss as Detected by Blue-on-Yellow and Standard White-on-White Automated Perimetry (1993)

Blue-on-yellow perimetry is effective in predicting which patients with early glaucomatous visual field loss are most likely to have progressive loss. The rate of progressive loss is greater with blue-on-yellow perimetry than with standard white-on-white perimetry.
Expression of Holo and Apo Forms of Spinach Acyl Carrier Protein-I in Leaves of Transgenic Tobacco Plants (1989)

Martha A. Post-Beittenmiller, Katherine M. Schmid, John B. Ohlrogge, Expression of Holo and Apo Forms of Spinach Acyl Carrier Protein-I in Leaves of Transgenic Tobacco Plants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 9 (Sep., 1989), pp. 889-899
Protective Role of Humanin on Bortezomib-Induced Bone Growth Impairment in Anticancer Treatment (2014)

HNG prevents bortezomib-induced bone growth impairment without interfering with bortezomib's desired anticancer effects.
An Approach for Second Order Control With Finite Time Convergence for Electro-Hydraulic Drives (2013)

Being a second order sliding algorithm, the super twisting algorithm is highly attractive for application in control of hydraulic drives and mechanical systems in general, as it utilizes only the control error while driving the control error as well as its derivative to zero for properly chosen algorithm parameters. However a discontinuous term internally in the control structure may excite pressures of transmission lines in hydraulic drives as the control structure strives to maintain the control error and its derivative equal to zero. In this paper a modified version of a controller based on the super twisting algorithm is proposed, with the focus of eliminating the discontinuous term in order to achieve a more smooth control operation. The convergence properties of the proposed controller are analyzed via a conservative phase plane analysis. Furthermore, homogeneity considerations imply finite time convergence of states to the origin under certain model assumptions. Results demonstrate the smooth control operation compared to the direct super twisting control approach while maintaining robustness properties in relation to position tracking of a hydraulic drive, under parameter perturbations, uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics.
Quantum computing for finance: Overview and prospects (2019)

We discuss how quantum computation can be applied to financial problems, providing an overview of current approaches and potential prospects. We review quantum optimization algorithms, and expose how quantum annealers can be used to optimize portfolios, find arbitrage opportunities, and perform credit scoring. We also discuss deep-learning in finance, and suggestions to improve these methods through quantum machine learning. Finally, we consider quantum amplitude estimation, and how it can result in a quantum speed-up for Monte Carlo sampling. This has direct applications to many current financial methods, including pricing of derivatives and risk analysis. Perspectives are also discussed.
Highly specific fiber optic immunosensor coupled with immunomagnetic separation for detection of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii (2012)

IMS coupled with a fiber-optic sensor using anti-InlA MAb is highly specific for L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii and enabled detection of these pathogens at low levels from buffer or food.
Microsurgical Techniques of Brachial Plexus Neurotization (2019)

This chapter describes the techniques of intercostal and accessory nerve transfer to the distal part of the plexus. Generally, the supraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus permits dissection of the accessory nerve. It should be looked for just underneath and very close to the anterior aspect of the trapezius muscle. It is deep and small, but it is easy to identify by using an electric nerve finder. Neurotization by the intercostal nerves or by the accessory nerve can provide some improvement in complete brachial plexus avulsion from the cord. Best results are obtained with a precise microsurgical technique, when many nerves are used to regain one function. Hardly more than an esthetic animated arm is usually achieved, in the experience. Dissection of the nerves requires a precise technique: the rib periosteum is incised at the center of the rib, the incision follows a course parallel to that of the rib.
Detecting encrypted botnet traffic (2013)

Bot detection methods that rely on deep packet inspection (DPI) can be foiled by encryption. Encryption, however, increases entropy. This paper investigates whether adding high-entropy detectors to an existing bot detection tool that uses DPI can restore some of the bot visibility. We present two high-entropy classifiers, and use one of them to enhance BotHunter. Our results show that while BotHunter misses about 50% of the bots when they employ encryption, our high-entropy classifier restores most of its ability to detect bots, even when they use encryption.
Adsorption of Linear Flexible Polymers During Laminar Flow Through Porous Media: (1998)

Abstract Polymer solutions for water control are usually injected at a relatively high concentration (i.e. the semi-dilute regime). During placement entangled polymer chains can be retained by a collective adsorption and bridging mechanism. This results in polymer loss near the face of the wellbore and in an inefficient reduction of water relative permeability. The data on the effect of collective adsorption of entangled chains are scarce in literature. In this experimental study we are concerned with the influence of polymer concentration and permeability on the retention of high molecular weight non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAAm) during flow in granular porous media (packing of silicon carbide). Thus far we have made the following observations. At low polymer concentrations (the dilute regime) polymer injection leads to a gradual increase in pressure drop. Finally the pressure drop levels off to a plateau indicating steady-state flow. It is known that the delay in the polymer displacement front is related to the amount of adsorbed polymer. At higher concentrations (semi-dilute regime), however, no steady state flow seems to be reached within the duration of the experiments. Furthermore the residual flow resistance, determined by water flow following polymer, increases with polymer concentration. These effects can be explained by a mechanism of collective retention of entangled chains, which are adsorbed and bridge over pore constrictions. P. 225
Toward sustainable networking: Storage area networks with network coding (2012)

This manuscript provides a model to characterize the energy savings of network coded storage (NCS) in storage area networks (SANs). We consider blocking probability of drives as our measure of performance. A mapping technique to analyze SANs as independent M/G/K/K queues is presented, and blocking probabilities for uncoded storage schemes and NCS are derived and compared. We show that coding operates differently than the amalgamation of file chunks and energy savings are shown to scale well with striping number. We illustrate that for enterprise-level SANs energy savings of 20-50% can be realized.
Studies on Betaxanthin Profiles of Vegetables and Fruits from the Chenopodiaceae and Cactaceae (2007)

The present study provides an update on the betaxanthin (bx) compositions of red and yellow beetroots, yellow-coloured Swiss chard petioles, and yellow-orange cactus pear. Applying RP-HPLC coupled with positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry and by comparison with UV-vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as retention times of semi-synthesized reference compounds, 24 betaxanthins were identified in red and yellow beetroot hypocotyls. Twenty-five and thirteen betaxanthins were present in yellow Swiss chard petioles and the cactus pear cultivar 'Gialla', respectively. Ethanolamine-bx and threonine-bx were found to be novel betaxanthins in Chenopodiaceae representatives, which to the best of our knowledge have not been reported as genuine pigments so far. Furthermore, aspartic acid-bx (miraxanthin II), lysine-bx, and methionine-bx, hitherto found in other families, were identified in the Chenopodiaceae for the first time. Additionally, tyrosine-bx (portulacaxanthin II) and tryptophan-bx have not been earlier reported to occur in the Cactaceae. These findings provide valuable phytochemical information and may be useful for a better understanding of the functional properties of betaxanthins in plants.
MP2RAGE for deep gray matter measurement of the brain: A comparative study with MPRAGE (2015)

MP2RAGE yields greater reproducibility and better tissue contrast than MPRAGE in deep GM. T1 maps derived from MP2RAGE were highly reliable. MP2RAGE is useful for measurement and analysis of deep GM.
Microwave magnetoelectric particles: An experimental study of oscillating spectrums (2001)

One of the ways to uncover the nature of the microwave magnetoelectric (ME) effect, recently observed in small ferrite resonators with special-form surface metallizations, is a comparative analysis of oscillating spectrums excited by different type rf external fields. Experimental results of the ME coupling in different types of ferrite resonators and different types of surface electrodes are reported and some important conclusions are drawn observing the oscillating spectrums of those particles. A special interest in spectral properties of point ME particles should be found in the field of microwave artificial composite materials-bianisotropic materials.
1-Propenyl 4,6-Q-Benzylidene-β-D-Mannopyranoside-2,3-Cyclic Sulfate: A Substrate for the Synthesis of [F-18] 2-Deoxy-2-Fluoro-D-Glucose (1985)

Abstract 1-Propenyl 4,6-Q-benzylidine-β-D-mannopyranoside-2,3-cyclic sulfate was prepared from methyl α-D-mannopyranoside. This compound reacts cleanly with tetramethylammonium fluoride, followed by add hydrolysis (2N HC1), to give 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. The reaction is suitable for use with the short lived radionuclide fluorlne-18 (t1/2,=110 minutes).
ENDLESS FRONTIER, OR MATURE AND ROUTINE OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER (2017)

This paper considers the many techniques that have been developed to enhance convective heat transfer. They are presented according to the mode of heat transfer. The current advanced enhancement represents 3rd generation heat transfer technology. The many contributions of Prof. Ralph Webb are integral to this development. It is felt that this field has a bright future.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted trans‐2,3‐Dihydrofuran and trans‐1,2‐Cyclopropane Derivatives Containing Sulfonyl Groups. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhancement of the Efficiency of Secretion of Heterologous Lipase in Escherichia coli by Directed Evolution of the ABC Transporter System (2005)

The ABC transporter (TliDEF) from Pseudomonas fluorescens SIK W1, which mediated the secretion of a thermostable lipase (TliA) into the extracellular space in Escherichia coli, was engineered using directed evolution (error-prone PCR) to improve its secretion efficiency. TliD mutants with increased secretion efficiency were identified by coexpressing the mutated tliD library with the wild-type tliA lipase in E. coli and by screening the library with a tributyrin-emulsified indicator plate assay and a microtiter plate-based assay. Four selected mutants from one round of error-prone PCR mutagenesis, T6, T8, T24, and T35, showed 3.2-, 2.6-, 2.9-, and 3.0-fold increases in the level of secretion of TliA lipase, respectively, but had almost the same level of expression of TliD in the membrane as the strain with the wild-type TliDEF transporter. These results indicated that the improved secretion of TliA lipase was mediated by the transporter mutations. Each mutant had a single amino acid change in the predicted cytoplasmic regions in the membrane domain of TliD, implying that the corresponding region of TliD was important for the improved and successful secretion of the target protein. We therefore concluded that the efficiency of secretion of a heterologous protein in E. coli can be enhanced by in vitro engineering of the ABC transporter.
Refroidissement de la stratosphère : Détection réussie mais quantification encore incertaine, (2013)

International audience
Evoked Potential Changes During Ethanol Withdrawal in Rats (1975)

We have recently observed an increase in central nervous system excitability during intoxication and alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics. Our present results demonstrate a similar phenomenon in rats. The hyper-excitability caused by ethanol withdrawal is still present subsequent to the overt behavioral symptoms of withdrawal.
Tunable Shell Thickness in Silica Nanospheres Functionalized by a Hydrophobic PMMA‐PSt Diblock Copolymer Brush via Activators Generated by Electron Transfer for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2013)

Abstract An improved strategy to synthesize SiO 2 ‐PMMA nanoparticles with tunable shell thickness is demonstrated, via iron (III) catalyst‐mediated activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). To investigate the effect of the content monomer and ligand on the PMMA shell thickness, hydrophobic PMMA‐PSt diblock copolymer brushes on the surface of the silica nanospheres are designed and synthesized by AGET ATRP. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) show that the product has a core‐shell‐like structure and that the average shell thickness of the PMMA can easily be tuned by simply adjusting the amount of monomer or ligand. In addition, the M n of the PMMA can be tuned from 37 800 to 62 400 g mol −1 by changing the shell thickness, and the PDI is 1.213–1.473. These results confirm the living nature of the polymerization. magnified image