gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Transformation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol on TiO2 under Sub-Band-Gap Illumination (2003)

The adsorptive behavior of TiO2 under various illumination conditions was investigated. In the dark, Degussa P25, which contains both the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2, adsorbed significantly greater amounts of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) than either pure anatase or pure rutile. Results in the literature and in our laboratory that appeared to indicate “photoenhanced adsorption” under ambient fluorescent lighting on P25 and anatase are in fact due to the photoreaction of TCP. On pure-phase anatase, all reactions are due to trace ultra-band-gap energy light present in the fluorescent lighting. On P25, however, reaction also occurs at sub-band-gap energies. TCP forms a charge-transfer complex with P25 that is activated by light wavelengths as long as 520 nm. The trichlorophenoxyl radicals resulting from charge-transfer couple with each other to form a suite of polyaromatic chlorinated products with detected masses as high as 1200 D. These products are not formed under UV irradiation and in fact are destroyed by conventional UV photocatalysis. No reaction occurs on pure-phase anatase or rutile as a consequence of irradiation with sub-band-gap light. Carbon mass balance was closed for all catalysts under all lighting conditions. Our results show that the wavelength of light is an important factor in determining products on P25. This knowledge can be used to avoid charge-transfer complex activation when the resulting products are undesirable. Alternatively, charge-transfer complexes on P25 may be exploitable for polymer syntheses. The differences between surface reactions on P25 and those on pure-phase TiO2 may be explained in terms of the morphology of Degussa P25, wherein anatase−rutile interfaces give rise to active sites.
THE CLEAR MIRROR: a pattern of life in Goa and in Indian Tibet. By G. E. Hutchinson. pp. 171, Cambridge University Press, 1936. 8s 6d. (1938)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Amorphous Iron Sulfide (1997)

The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) decreases the toxicity and mobility of chromium contaminants in soils and water. In addition, the formation of a highly insoluble Cr(III) product would decrease the likelihood of future Cr(III) re-oxidation. Amorphous iron sulfide minerals like mackinawite (FeS1-x) have the potential to reduce large quantities of Cr(VI) and in the process form very stable [Cr, Fe](OH)3 solids. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of amorphous FeS as a reductant of Cr(VI) by identifying the solution and solid-phase products of the reaction between FeS suspensions and chromate. Iron sulfide suspensions at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 8.0 were reacted with a range of Cr(VI) solutions from 50 to 5000 μM in a N2 atmosphere glovebox for 3 d. Solutions were analyzed using ICP−AES, IC, and colorimetric methods; solids were analyzed using XRD, TEM, EDS, and XANES spectroscopy. Iron sulfide removed all of the added Cr(VI) from solution for the reaction conditions studied and reduced between 85% and 100% of the Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Chromate reduction occurred dominantly at the FeS surface and resulted in [Cr0.75,Fe0.25](OH)3; while less extensive, reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II) (aq) was noted and produced a solid with the opposite Cr:Fe ratio, [Cr0.25,Fe0.75](OH)3.
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) in cervical cancer (2020)

Epigenetic changes through enzymes like LSD1 may also be of interest for patients with cervical cancer. A combined therapy with other proteins relayed to cervical cancer like GPER might be of interest for future investigations.
Nickel-Catalyzed Supported ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate Using Cross-Linked Polystyrene Triphenylphosphine as Ligand (2005)

A new supported catalytic system efficient for synthesizing methacrylate-based (co)polymers is described. This catalyst consists of nickel(II) bromide immobilized onto a polystyrene resin carrying triphenylphosphine moieties (PS-PPh3/NiBr2). This system was first used for promoting atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBriB) in toluene. Used without any additional reagent, this supported catalyst did not promote controlled ATRP of MMA as attested by the low initiation efficiency and the broad polydispersity indices. However, when triphenylphosphine ligand was added, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains of low polydispersity indices were readily recovered, the molecular weight of which linearly increased with monomer conversion and agreed with the expected values. The as-recovered polymers proved to be almost completely deprived of residual transition-metal catalyst. Moreover, the recovered supported transition-metal complex maintained its catalytic activity for additional polymerization reactions without any further addition of fresh catalyst. Only soluble ligand was added in conjunction to monomer, initiator, and solvent to maintain the control over the molecular parameters in terms of molar masses as well as molecular weight distributions.
CD46 Is a Cellular Receptor for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (2004)

Various monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize cell surface proteins on bovine cells were previously shown to efficiently block infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (C. Schelp, I. Greiser-Wilke, G. Wolf, M. Beer, V. Moennig, and B. Liess, Arch. Virol. 140:1997-2009, 1995). With one of these MAbs, a 50- to 58-kDa protein was purified from calf thymus by immunoaffinity chromatography. Microchemical analysis of two internal peptides revealed significant sequence homology to porcine and human CD46. The cDNA of bovine CD46 (CD46(bov)) was cloned and further characterized. Heterologously expressed CD46(bov) was detected by the MAb used for purification. A putative function of CD46(bov) as a BVDV receptor was studied with respect to virus binding and susceptibility of nonpermissive cells. While the expression of CD46(bov) correlated well with the binding of [(3)H]uridine-labeled BVDV, the susceptibility of cells nonpermissive for BVDV was not observed. However, the expression of CD46(bov) resulted in a significant increase in the susceptibility of porcine cells to BVDV. These results provide strong evidence that CD46(bov) serves as a cellular receptor for BVDV.
Differential Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Ca2+ Entry and Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells (2006)

One major clinical problem with prostate cancer is the cells' ability to survive and proliferate upon androgen withdrawal. Because Ca2+ is central to growth control, understanding the mechanisms of Ca2+ homeostasis involved in prostate cancer cell proliferation is imperative for new therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that agonist-mediated stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1-AR) promotes proliferation of the primary human prostate cancer epithelial (hPCE) cells by inducing store-independent Ca2+ entry and subsequent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor. Such an agonist-induced Ca2+ entry (ACE) relied mostly on transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels, whose silencing by antisense hybrid depletion decreased both hPCE cell proliferation and ACE. In contrast, ACE and related growth arrest associated with purinergic receptors (P2Y-R) stimulation involved neither TRPC6 nor NFAT. Our findings show that alpha1-AR signaling requires the coupled activation of TRPC6 channels and NFAT to promote proliferation of hPCE cells and thereby suggest TRPC6 as a novel potential therapeutic target.
Ultrasound-Assisted Thrombolysis for Stroke Therapy (2010)

Ultrasound-driven stable cavitation nucleated by an infusion of an echo contrast agent facilitates recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis. Optimization of this gently effervescent phenomenon has the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of victims of ischemic stroke.
Self-Assembly of Aromatic-Derivatized Amphiphiles:  Phenyl, Biphenyl, and Terphenyl Fatty Acids and Phospholipids (1999)

This paper reports the synthesis of a series of amphiphiles (fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine derivatives) containing phenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl chromophores inserted in the hydrocarbon chain and a study of their self-assembly in Langmuir−Blodgett films and aqueous dispersions. As observed and reported earlier for amphiphiles containing trans-stilbene, styrylthiophene, or azobenzene chromophores, several of the biphenyl and terphenyl derivatives show strong evidence of ground state association to form “H” aggregates characterized by a blue shift in absorption and a structured, red-shifted fluorescence. The phenyl amphiphiles show different behavior, suggesting that, even for pure films or bilayers, there is very little or no ground state association. For the biphenyl and terphenyl phospholipids, aqueous suspensions obtained by sonication are closed bilayer vesicles similar in size to those formed from the corresponding saturated phospholipids. The overall results of the present study indicate that biphenyl and terphenyl amphiphiles undergo aggregation processes to form compact arrays formally similar to those observed with stilbene, tolan, azobenzene, and squaraine derivatives but that the aromatic−aromatic interactions are considerably weaker than those for the more extended aromatics and lead to less distortion of the assembly structure.
Neuronal injury: folate to the rescue? (2010)

Strong epidemiological evidence indicates that derangement of single-carbon metabolism has detrimental effects for proper CNS functioning. Conversely, a role for folate supplementation in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders remains to be established. In this issue of the JCI, in an elegant series of experiments in rodents, Iskandar and colleagues demonstrate a crucial role of folate in the regeneration of afferent spinal neurons after injury. Probing sequential steps in folate metabolism, from cellular entry to DNA methylation, the authors show that axonal regeneration relies upon the integrity of DNA methylation pathways. These findings provide the first demonstration of an epigenetic mechanism contributing to neurorepair and suggest that manipulation of the methylation milieu may offer promising new therapeutic avenues to promote regeneration.
Laplace-Domain Solutions for Radial Two-Zone Flow Equations under the Conditions of Constant-Head and Partially Penetrating Well (2005)

A mathematical model is presented for a constant-head test performed in a partially penetrating well with a finite-thickness skin. The model uses a no-flow boundary condition for the casing and a constant-head boundary condition for the screen to represent the partially penetrating well. The Laplace-domain solutions for the dimensionless flow rate at the wellbore and the hydraulic heads in the skin and formation zones are derived using the Laplace and finite Fourier cosine transforms. The solutions of hydraulic heads have been shown to satisfy the governing equations, related boundary conditions, and continuity requirements for the pressure head and flow rate at the interface of the skin zone and undisturbed formation. In addition, an efficient algorithm for evaluating those solutions is also presented. The dimensionless flow rates obtained from new solutions have been shown to be better than those of Novakowski’s solutions, especially when the penetration ratio is large.
Oligomeric state investigation of flavocytochrome CYP102A1 using afm with standard and supersharp probes (2013)

Atomic force microscopy with two types of probes – standard (radius of curvature R~10 nm) and supersharp (R~2 nm) – was used to determine CYP102A1oligomeric state. CYP102A1 images were obtained in a liquid, air and vacuum environment using the standard probes, also a ratio of monomers to oligomers (a) of CYP102A1 were determined as a=0.48:0.52. At the same time use of standard probes did not allow to resolve the structure of these oligomers. Supersharp probes allowed to obtain the data about the monomers to oligomers ratio, and also about the dimers/trimers/tetramers ratio in air and vacuum. So, a ratio a of CYP102A1 in liquid can be determined by the standard probes, and an oligomeric state of protein can be specified by the supersharp probes.
A simple all-optical label detection and swapping technique incorporating a fiber Bragg grating filter (2001)

This letter proposes and demonstrates a simple all-optical label detection and swapping technique incorporating a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter and a double sideband subcarrier multiplexed (DSB-SCM) signal. The optical datagram consisting of a baseband 2.488-Gb/s data payload and a subcarrier multiplexed 622-Mb/s label are optically processed to separate the two components, and then a new label content is encoded by subsequent optical modulation. The optically separated original label is detected by a square law detector without involving any high-frequency subcarrier circuitry. Bit-error-rate measurements confirm a successful and low-penalty label swapping technique, which maintains optical transparency for the data payload.
Soft-lubrication interactions between a rigid sphere and an elastic wall (2021)

The motion of an object within a viscous fluid and in the vicinity of a soft surface induces a hydrodynamic stress field that deforms the latter, thus modifying the boundary conditions of the flow. This results in elastohydrodynamic interactions experienced by the particle. Here, we derive a soft-lubrication model, in order to compute all the forces and torque applied on a rigid sphere that is free to translate and rotate near an elastic wall. We focus on the limit of small deformations of the surface with respect to the fluid-gap thickness, and perform a perturbation analysis in dimensionless compliance. The response is computed in the framework of linear elasticity, for planar elastic substrates in the limiting cases of thick and thin layers. The EHD forces are also obtained analytically using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem.
Relation of MRI Aortic Wall Area and Plaque to Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Framingham Heart Study (2022)

Background Arterial arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis reflect vascular disease, the subclinical detection of which allows opportunity for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Larger cohort studies simultaneously quantifying anatomic thoracic and abdominal aortic pathologic abnormalities are lacking in the literature. Purpose To investigate the association of aortic wall area (AWA) and atherosclerotic plaque presence and burden as measured on MRI scans with incident CVD in a community sample. Materials and Methods In this prospective cohort study, participants in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort without prevalent CVD underwent 1.5-T MRI (between 2002-2005) of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta with electrocardiogram-gated axial T2-weighted black-blood acquisitions. The wall thickness of the thoracic aorta was measured at the pulmonary bifurcation level and used to calculate the AWA as the difference between cross-sectional vessel area and lumen area. For primary or secondary analyses, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of aortic MRI measures with risk of first-incident CVD events or stroke and coronary heart disease, respectively. Results In 1513 study participants (mean age, 64 years ± 9 [SD]; 842 women [56%]), 223 CVD events occurred during follow-up (median, 13.1 years), of which 97 were major events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or CVD death). In multivariable analysis, thoracic AWA and prevalent thoracic plaque were associated with incident CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20 per SD unit [95% CI: 1.05, 1.37] [<i>P</i> = .006] and HR, 1.63 [95% CI: 1.12, 2.35] [<i>P</i> = .01], respectively). AWA and prevalent thoracic plaque were associated with increased hazards: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.62; <i>P</i> = .01) and 2.20 (95% CI: 1.28, 3.79; <i>P</i> = .005), for stroke and coronary heart disease, respectively. Conclusion In middle-aged community-dwelling adults, thoracic aortic wall area (AWA), plaque prevalence, and plaque volumes measured with MRI were independently associated with incident cardiovascular disease, with AWA associated in particular with stroke, and plaque associated with coronary heart disease. Clinical trial registration no. NCT00041418 © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article</i>. See also the editorial by Peshock in this issue.
Selecting Nearly Optimal Sampling Locations Throughout an Area: Application to Cleanrooms and Federal Standard 209 (1990)

Various types of environmental assessment are done by taking an array of samples throughout an area. In sampling an area by taking point samples, the choice of sampling locations becomes important. It is assumed here that the task is to take no less than N* samples in a fairly uniform array throughout an area that is a fairly simple shape, such as a rectangle or a combination of a small number of rectangles. Different formulations of the problem are explored. Except in rare instances, a strictly optimum solution would be difficult to compute. "Nearly optimal" solutions to the problem have the minimum or nearly the minimum number of samples required and produce square or nearly square subregions associated with the samples. Approaches for obtaining sampling grids that are nearly optimal are discussed, and one example is presented in detail.
Genetic control of fruit shelf life and yield in crossbreeding of Sletr1-2 mutant with Indonesian tropical tomatoes (2021)

Postharvest losses are a significant concern for tomato breeding associated with their short fruit shelf life. Sletr1-2 is a new ethylene receptor mutant that has a prominent character in a prolonged fruit shelf life. This research aimed to estimate the combining ability of Sletr1-2 mutant and determine the selection method for future breeding associated with the fruit shelf-life and yield. Four lines of tropical tomato, i.e., 'Intan,' 'Mirah,' 'Ratna' and 'Mutiara,' were crossed with the wild type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) and Sletr1-2 mutant tomato using a line x tester mating design. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to evaluate twelve F1 and their parents. The study revealed significant differences in the GCA of the line and tester but not for SCA. The lines and testers contributed more to total variance than their interaction. 'Intan' and Sletr1-2 mutants had the greatest fruit shelf-life combiners, with additive gene action being the most prevalent. Simple phenotypic selection or pure line selection from selected crosses in advanced generations would be preferable. 'Mutiara' was the best combiner for yield and plant growth, with non-additive gene action was the most common. The breeding strategy that considered dominance, overdominance, and epistasis was preferred.
Food item of the black Butcherbird (1982)

Reader's Digest (1976) listed the food items of the Black Butcherbird Cracticus quoyi as small birds and their eggs, insects, crustaceans, occasional reptiles, frogs and fruit.
Less Sand May Not Be Enough (2010)

Abstract Since the first modern Marcellus completion in Washington County, Pennsylvania in 2004, over 2000 Marcellus wells (horizontal and vertical) have either been permitted or drilled through October 2009 in the Appalachian Basin. The Marcellus play has become one of the most widely discussed plays in the nation, with numerous operators drilling and completing wells in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and New York. While the play is still in its infancy, reported production rates and reserves compare very favorably to other established North American shale plays. The play's wide geographic range has led to numerous and varied completion schemes being utilized. One primary concern has been determining the optimal size and type of stimulation treatment for a given area. One premise has been that equivalent EUR's should be less of an optimization determinant than production curves, especially early-time production, as revenue generated closer in time to capital spent is worth more than far-into-the-future revenue, and thus completions that lead to high initial production rates are more desirable for optimum rates of return and improved net present values. This paper will describe an unsuccessful attempt to reduce the size (primarily proppant volume used) of the frac treatments, thus lowering the overall completion costs, without sacrificing higher-rate, early-time production. The ultimate conclusion was that a substantial reduction in proppant volume, even though it was replaced with additional fluid volume, had a detrimental effect on fracture volume created, early-time production, and EUR. As this optimization process continues, some wells like the reduced sand volume wells discussed in this paper will require restimulation to maximize overall fracture network creation. Two successful horizontal shale refracture stimulations will also be described in this paper.
Effect of Campylobacter -Specific Maternal Antibodies on Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Young Chickens (2003)

Using laboratory challenge experiments, we examined whether Campylobacter-specific maternal antibody (MAB) plays a protective role in young chickens, which are usually free of Campylobacter under natural production conditions. Kinetics of C. jejuni colonization were compared by infecting 3-day-old broiler chicks, which were naturally positive for Campylobacter-specific MAB, and 21-day-old broilers, which were negative for Campylobacter-specific MAB. The onset of colonization occurred much sooner in birds challenged at the age of 21 days than it did in the birds inoculated at 3 days of age, which suggested a possible involvement of specific MAB in the delay of colonization. To further examine this possibility, specific-pathogen-free layer chickens were raised under laboratory conditions with or without Campylobacter infection, and their 3-day-old progenies with (MAB(+)) or without (MAB(-)) Campylobacter-specific MAB were orally challenged with C. jejuni. Significant decreases in the percentage of colonized chickens were observed in the MAB(+) group during the first week compared with the MAB(-) group. These results indicate that Campylobacter-specific MAB plays a partial role in protecting young chickens against colonization by C. jejuni. Presence of MAB in young chickens did not seem to affect the development of systemic immune response following infection with C. jejuni. However, active immune responses to Campylobacter occurred earlier and more strongly in birds infected at 21 days of age than those infected at 3 days of age. Clearance of Campylobacter infection was also observed in chickens infected at 21 days of age. Taken together, these findings (i) indicate that anti-Campylobacter MAB contributes to the lack of Campylobacter infection in young broiler chickens in natural environments and (ii) provide further evidence supporting the feasibility of development of immunization-based approaches for control of Campylobacter infection in poultry.
Life Office Property Investments (1961)

It will no doubt be readily admitted that in these days investment profit makes the greatest contribution to surplus in life funds and it is not surprising, therefore, that many actuaries are called upon to devote a great deal of their time to investment problems. What is surprising, however, is the fact that property has so rarely been discussed at this Institute despite the large amount of life funds now invested therein.