gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to 1,2-alkanediols over supported Ni catalysts (2012)

Nickel supported on a variety of supports was evaluated in the batchwise hydrogenolysis of high-crystalline cellulose under hydrothermal conditions. The supports examined included Al2O3, kieselguhr, TiO2, SiO2, activated carbon (AC), ZnO, ZrO2 and MgO. All tested catalysts can effectively convert cellulose while the choice of supports plays a critical role in the product distribution and selectivity. The Ni catalysts favour the formation of industrially attractive 1,2-alkanediols such as 1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol and 1,2-hexanediol. It was found that the bifunctional ZnO-supported Ni catalysts displayed superior activities and the best result was obtained on 20% Ni/ZnO which exhibited complete conversion of cellulose with up to 70.4% total glycol yields. The mechanism of the reaction involved was tentatively proposed by identifying the products formed.
Automating DDoS experimentation (2007)

Abstract — While the DETER testbed provides a safe environment and basic tools for security experimentation, researchers face a significant challenge in assembling the testbed pieces and tools into realistic and complete experimental scenarios. In this paper, we describe our work on automating experimentation for distributed denial-ofservice attacks. We developed the following automation tools: (1) the Experimenter’s Workbench that provides a graphical user interface, tools for topology, traffic and monitoring setup and tools for statistics collection, visualization and processing, (2) a DDoS benchmark suite that contains a set of diverse and comprehensive attack scenarios, (3) the Experiment Generator that combines chosen AS-level and edge-level topologies, legitimate traffic and a set of attacks into DETER-compatible scripts. Jointly, these tools facilitate easy experimentation even for novice users. I.
Effects of Corrosive Environments on the Locus and Mechanism of Failure of Adhesive Joints (1986)

The effects of corrosive environments on the locus and mechanism of failure of adhesive bonds has been investigated. Adhesive chemistry resistant to degradation and swelling by water and corrosion products form the most durable adhesive bonds. The nature of the chemistry at the adherend/adhesive interface plays an important role in determining the durability of an adhesive bond in a corrosive environment. The durability of adhesive bonds to metal (steel) adherends is greatly influenced by the surface chemistry of the metal. For adhesive systems that employ adhesive primers for the metal adherend prior to bonding, the durability of the adhesive bond is largely controlled by the corrosion resistance of the primer. Surface analysis of adhesive bonds which failed after exposure to corrosive environments suggests that the degradation of interfacial layer is one of the principal modes of bond failure. The extent of adhesive bond failure under corrosive environments is greatly accelerated when cyclic mechanical stresses are imposed on the adhesive bond during exposure. Three to four orders of magnitude reduction in fatigue life of adhesive bonds is observed for bonds exposed to environment prior to fatigue testing.
A probabilistic Bayesian approach to recover R2*$$ {R}_{2\ast } $$ map and phase images for quantitative susceptibility mapping (2022)

AMP-PE achieves better performance by drawing information from both the sparse prior and the mono-exponential decay model. It does not require parameter tuning, and works with a clinical, prospective undersampling scheme where parameter tuning is often impossible or difficult due to the lack of ground-truth image.
A fully depleted lean-channel transistor (DELTA)-a novel vertical ultra thin SOI MOSFET (2003)

A fully depleted lean channel transistor (DELTA) having a gate structure and vertical ultrathin SOI (silicon-on-insulator) structure with selective field oxide is reported. In the deep submicron region, selective oxidation is useful for achieving SOI isolation. It provides a high-quality crystal and a Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface as good as those of conventional bulk single-crystal devices. Using experiments and simulation, it was shown that the gate structure of DELTA has effective channel controllability and its vertical ultrathin (<0.2- mu m) SOI structure provides superior device characteristics, e.g. the reduction of short channel effects, minimized subthreshold swing, and high transconductance. The DELTA layout is consistent with the conventional ULSI circuit layout. Thus, DELTA offers both consistency with conventional MOSFETs and good scalability As a 3-D device. As a result, DELTA provides a promising approach for MOSFET structures of less than 0.1 mu m in size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High gain cylindrical dielectric resonator with superstrate for broadband millimeter-wave underground mining communications (2010)

This paper presents a new broadband and high gain dielectric resonator for millimeter-wave underground communications systems. The proposed antenna is composed of a superstrate, an aperture coupled feed, an intermediate substrate and a cylindrical dielectric resonator. This antenna is designed to cover the ISM frequency band (57 GHz-65 GHz). This antenna was numerically designed using CST microwave Studio simulation software package. Simulated results show that the antenna has good performances especially in terms of bandwidth and gain. A bandwidth of 18.4% at the centered frequency of 59.83 GHz and a gain of 11 dB over the entire ISM bandwidth have been achieved. An enhancement of gain by 9 dB has been obtained at the frequency of 60 GHz compared to a single DRA. With these performances, this antennas is suitable for wireless underground communication systems.
Whole genome comparison of donor and cloned dogs (2013)

Cloning is a process that produces genetically identical organisms. However, the genomic degree of genetic resemblance in clones needs to be determined. In this report, the genomes of a cloned dog and its donor were compared. Compared with a human monozygotic twin, the genome of the cloned dog showed little difference from the genome of the nuclear donor dog in terms of single nucleotide variations, chromosomal instability, and telomere lengths. These findings suggest that cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer produced an almost identical genome. The whole genome sequence data of donor and cloned dogs can provide a resource for further investigations on epigenetic contributions in phenotypic differences.
A Role for Msh6 But Not Msh3 in Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switch Recombination (2004)

Somatic hypermutation is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and occurs in several kilobases of DNA around rearranged immunoglobulin variable (V) genes and switch (S) sites before constant genes. AID deaminates cytosine to uracil, which can produce mutations of C:G nucleotide pairs, and the mismatch repair protein Msh2 participates in generating substitutions of downstream A:T pairs. Msh2 is always found as a heterodimer with either Msh3 or Msh6, so it is important to know which one is involved. Therefore, we sequenced V and S regions from Msh3- and Msh6-deficient mice and compared mutations to those from wild-type mice. Msh6-deficient mice had fewer substitutions of A and T bases in both regions and reduced heavy chain class switching, whereas Msh3-deficient mice had normal antibody responses. This establishes a role for the Msh2-Msh6 heterodimer in hypermutation and switch recombination. When the positions of mutation were mapped, several focused peaks were found in Msh6(-/-) clones, whereas mutations were dispersed in Msh3(-/-) and wild-type clones. The peaks occurred at either G or C in WGCW motifs (W = A or T), indicating that C was mutated on both DNA strands. This suggests that AID has limited entry points into V and S regions in vivo, and subsequent mutation requires Msh2-Msh6 and DNA polymerase.
Optocoupling in CMOS (2018)

For on-chip data communication with galvanic isolation, a monolithically integrated optocoupler is strongly desired. For this purpose, silicon (Si) avalanche mode LEDs (AMLEDs) offer a great potential. However such AMLEDs have a relatively low internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and high power consumption. For the first time, in this work, data communication in a monolithically integrated optocoupler is experimentally demonstrated. The novelty of this work is the use of highly sensitive single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) for photo-detection to compensate for the low IQE of AMLEDs. We investigated our optocoupler realized in a standard 140 nm CMOS SOI technology, without postprocessing, for various LED designs and points of operation. The power consumption of the AMLEDs is minimized through a novel AMLED design and employment of a low power LED driver circuit. The advantages of AMLEDs over forward biased Si LEDs are also demonstrated. For the best AMLED design, the achievable data rate is few Mbps and the energy consumption a few nJ/bit. The active area of the proposed systems is <; 0.01 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Quantification of incomplete left ventricular relaxation: relationship to the time constant for isovolumic pressure fall (1980)

Journal Article Quantification of incomplete left ventricular relaxation: relationship to the time constant for isovolumic pressure fall Get access M. L. Weisfeldt, M. L. Weisfeldt Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Weiss, J. L. Weiss Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. T. Frederiksen, J. T. Frederiksen Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. C. P. Yin F. C. P. Yin Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, Maryland 21205, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 1, Issue suppl_1, January 1980, Pages 119–129, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/1.suppl_1.119 Published: 01 January 1980
Small cylindrical ultrasound sources for induction of hyperthermia via body cavities or interstitial implants (1993)

In this study, small (outside diameter 1 mm) cylindrical ultrasound sources were investigated for induction of hyperthermia in tumours. These ultrasound transducers could be placed in small-diameter body cavities, or they could be used interstitially in brachytherapy catheters. The ultrasound field measurements showed that the field is fairly uniform as a function of the length of the applicator except at the ends where sharp peaks were located. However, there were significant field variations as a function of rotation angle around the transducers. The degree of these non-uniformities varied from transducer to transducer, and also as a function of frequency. The temperature measurements in vitro perfused kidneys showed that therapeutic temperature elevations could be induced in perfused tissues. The radial extent of the therapeutic zone could be increased by circulating water around the applicators, thus avoiding high temperatures on the applicator surface. It was also shown that some control over the temperature distribution along the length of the applicator could be achieved by using a two-element applicator. An array of four applicators implanted in a square pattern with the spacing of 25 mm between the catheters, was able to heat the tissue volume inside of the implant. The results showed that these small ultrasound applicators may offer significant improvement over existing techniques by increasing the penetration depth and the control over the power deposition pattern.
MGP soil remediation in a slurry-phase system: A pilot-scale test (1993)

An overall protocol for remediating manufactured gas plant (MGP) soils generally includes bench-scale evaluation of the technology, pilot-scale demonstration, and full-scale implementation. This paper summarizes the results of the bench-scale and pilot-scale study for treating an MGP soil with IGT`s integrated Chemical/Biological Treatment (CBT) or Manufactured Gas Plant Remediation (MGP-REM) process in the slurry-phase mode of application. MGP soils are contaminated primarily with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). An MGP site in New Jersey was the subject of this study. Soils from the site were used for the bench-scale evaluation of the integrated Chemical/Biological Treatment. The bench-scale study started with biological pre-treatment followed by chemical treatment and biological polishing. Results of the bench-scale study showed that this process was effective in degrading EPA Total as well as EPA Carcinogenic PAHs. A test matrix was developed to assess this technology at a pilot-scale facility. The test matrix consisted of at least eight semi-continuous runs designed to evaluate the effects of PAH concentration, total solids concentration, residence time, and a number of chemical reagent additions. An operating permit for 14 days was obtained to evaluate the process primarily for air emission data and secondarily for PAH degradation data. The PAH data showed that the MGP-REM process was very effective in degrading carcinogenic PAHs even under sub-optimal operating conditions. The field data also showed that the emissions of volatile organic compounds were well below the regulatory limits.
Thyroid hormones in the adult rat lung. (1978)

A partial oxidation burner is introduced as a cleaning system for the tar content of (bio) fuel. The low-swirl (S ˜ 0.2) flow at the burner outlet is studied using Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry. After calibration the experimental setup is capable of resolving all three velocity components. The presented results show that the averaged coreflow vortex has the characteristics of a solid body rotation. After leaving the burner outlet the swirl number rapidly decreases from about 0.2 to 0.07. The turbulent kinetic energy has also been resolved and shows that the fluctuations are concentrated around the flow center line at levels of 5-10%. The velocity field is homogeneously mixed at about 40 mm above the burner outlet.
Effect of seed soaking with thiols on the antioxidant enzymes and photosystem activities in wheat subjected to water stress (2007)

Photosystem 1 and 2 and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sonalika) leaves. Seedlings from both control seeds and seeds soaked in solutions like dithiothreitol, thioglycollic acid and thiourea were subjected to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol. Photosystem 1 and 2 activities were less inhibited by water stress due to seed soaking with sulphydryl compounds. The changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes induced by water stress were higher in seedlings from thiol-pretreated seeds than from water-soaked seeds.
Estimation of Time-varying Cortical Connectivity During the Intention of Movement in Spinal Cord Injured Patients (2007)

In this paper we propose the use of a time-varying multivariate estimator based on the partial directed coherence (PDC), a frequency-domain estimator able to describe interactions between cortical areas in terms of the concept of Granger causality. Time-varying PDC was obtained by the adaptive recursive fit of an MVAR model with time-dependent parameters, by means of a generalized recursive least-square (RLS) algorithm, taking into consideration a set of EEG epochs. Such estimator is able to follow rapid changes in the connectivity between cortical areas during an experimental task. We provide an application to the cortical estimations obtained from high resolution EEG data, recorded from a group of healthy subject during a combined foot-lips movement, and from a patient with spinal cord injury during the attempt to move the paralysed limb. Normal subjects and the SCI patient exhibit similar cortical networks, although certain differences between the time evolution of connectivity strengths between the primary foot and lips areas arose.
Hepatitis B prevention and control:Lessons from the East and the West (2011)

Despite being ten times more common than HIV infection,viral hepatitis has so far not commanded the same public health response worldwide,so a global viral hepatitis treatment program is still a long way from becoming a reality.However,much progress has occurred over the last few decades,with the screening of blood products,sound infection control practices and the introduction of disposable needles and syringes leading to signif icant reductions in nosocomial hepatitis B transmission in the developed world and increasingly in other countries.The introduction of hepatitis B vaccination in the 1980s and its integration into the Expanded Immunization Program have led to substantial reductions in chronic hepatitis B infection rates in children and to millions of lives saved.The availability of effective antiviral treatment has revolutionized treatment prospects,although access to treatment remains a significant challenge for most developed countries and re mains out of reach for developing nations.Some of these breakthroughs have occurred in Asian countries,others in the West,but their unifying features are innov ative research,timely clinical translation and a com mitment to apply their findings to improve the healt h of populations,not just individuals.This paper reviews some of the challenges and opportunities for hepat itis B control at the end of the f irst decade of the third millennium and argues for closer East-West collaborations,to bring in fresh perspectives,avoid dupl ications of effort and in order to help answer many of the remaining challenges in making hepatitis B history.
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Mitochondrial DNA of the Agnathan Lampetra fluviatilis: Bearings on the Phylogeny of Cyclostomes (2000)

There are two competing theories about the interrelationships of craniates: the cyclostome theory assumes that lampreys and hagfishes are a clade, the cyclostomes, whose sister group is the jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes); the vertebrate theory assumes that lampreys and gnathostomes are a clade, the vertebrates, whose sister group is hagfishes. The vertebrate theory is best supported by a number of unique anatomical and physiological characters. Molecular sequence data from 18S and 28S rRNA genes rather support the cyclostome theory, but mtDNA sequence of Myxine glutinosa rather supports the vertebrate theory. Additional molecular data are thus needed to elucidate this three-taxon problem. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mtDNA of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis. The mtDNA of L. fluviatilis possesses the same genomic organization as Petromyzon marinus, which validates this gene order as a synapomorphy of lampreys. The mtDNA sequence of L. fluviatilis was used in combination with relevant mtDNA sequences for an approach to the hagfish/lamprey relationships using the maximum-parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum-likelihood methods. Although trees compatible with our present knowledge of the phylogeny of craniates can be reconstructed by using the three methods, the data collected do not support the vertebrate or the cyclostome hypothesis. The present data set does not allow the resolution of this three-taxon problem, and new kinds of data, such as nuclear DNA sequences, need to be collected.
Missing Data Not At Random: Characterization of Targeted Interference in Wireless Networks (2020)

Communication systems include data collection and estimation during their operations. At the receiver, the data can be missed due to various reasons such as channel conditions, malicious attack, failure at the receiver. Some of these conditions occur at random, but sometimes, their occurrences are not random. These occurrences can be due to the precise placement of interference to impede communication between the devices. There are different mechanisms proposed in the literature to address this data loss, by requesting retransmission, spreading the signal, etc. A different approach is by using statistical analysis to mine data received to estimate the data points that are missed not at random. In the statistical study, data that are missed not at random manifest during data collection when one or more subjects involved in the survey skip their responses for one or more data fields due to social, economic, and health reasons. These missed responses are filled by imputation from the responses collected from other subjects. Similarly, in a wireless network, data lost from a particular node that is under attack can be considered as data missed not at random and can be estimated from the data collected from the surrounding nodes.
Interaction of the non‐phosphorylated peptide G7‐18NATE with Grb7‐SH2 domain requires phosphate for enhanced affinity and specificity (2011)

Src-homology (SH2) domains are an attractive target for the inhibition of specific signalling pathways but pose the challenge of developing a truly specific inhibitor. The G7-18NATE cyclic peptide is reported to specifically inhibit the growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (Grb7) adapter protein, implicated in the progression of several cancer types, via interactions with its SH2 domain. G7-18NATE effectively inhibits the interaction of Grb7 with ErbB3 and focal adhesion kinase in cell lysates and, with the addition of a cell permeability sequence, inhibits the growth and migration of a number of breast cancer cell lines. It is thus a promising lead in the development of therapeutics targeted to Grb7. Here we investigate the degree to which G7-18NATE is specific for the Grb7-SH2 domain compared with closely related SH2 domains including those of Grb10, Grb14, and Grb2 using surface plasmon resonance. We demonstrate that G7-18NATE binds with micromolar binding affinity to Grb7-SH2 domain (K(D) = 4-6 μm) compared with 50-200 times lower affinity for Grb10, Grb14, and Grb2 but that this specificity depends critically on the presence of phosphate in millimolar concentrations. Other differences in buffer composition, including use of Tris or 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid or varying the pH, do not impact on the interaction. This suggests that under cellular conditions, G7-18NATE binds with highest affinity to Grb7. In addition, our findings demonstrate that the basis of specificity of G7-18NATE binding to the Grb7-SH2 domain is via other than intrinsic structural features of the protein, representing an unexpected mode of molecular recognition.
Purification of Five Leucine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Species from Escherichia coli and Their Acylation by Heterologous Leucyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase (1971)

Abstract Escherichia coli tRNA has been fractionated on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose to yield five purified tRNAleu species. They differ in chromatographic behavior and in coding properties. These tRNAleu species are all charged by pure E. coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Partially purified leucyl-tRNA synthetase from KB cells or from yeast can esterify leucine completely only to some of the isoacceptors while insignificant reaction is observed with the others.
Supplemental0530.pdf from Deletion of Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 Activates Type I Interferon Genes and Downregulates Tissue Factor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1-15 and Supplemental Tables 1-32&lt;/p&gt;