gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-aliphatic Protic Ammonia for Post Healing of Formamidinium-containing Perovskite Films (2021)

Abstract The solvents employed for perovskite materials not only play roles in dissolving the precursors but also participate in crystallization process. The high boiling point aprotic solvents with O-donor coordinating ligands have been extensively studied, but a highly uniform film still requires the participation of additives or an additional step to accelerate the nucle-ation rate. The volatile protic aliphatic amines with both coordinating ligands and hydrogen proton facilitate the pro-cessing of pure MAPbX3 perovskite films with higher crystallinity, fewer defects, and easier for large scale fabrication as well. However, their attempts in FA-containing perovskite is challenged heretofore. Here, the degradation mechanism of FA-containing perovskite in aliphatic amines environment has been revealed, and non-aliphatic ammonia was selected to avoid undesired side reactions. In particular, low temperature is proved to be crucial to enable FAPbI3 perovskite material absorb enough NH3 molecules to form a flowable intermediate state, which is the heart for defect healing. As a result, a rough FA-containing perovskite film was effectively healed to a highly uniform, compact one, toward an efficiency of 23.3% with excellent reproducibility. The manipulating of the interaction between perovskite and ammonia opens up a new di-rection for upscaling the fabrication of highly efficient FA-containing perovskite solar cells.
Preliminary results on diode-laser assisted vaporization of prostate tissue (2007)

<b>Introduction and objectives:</b> The aim was to identify the capability and the laser parameter of under water tissue vaporisation by means of a diode laser (1470 nm). Afterwards the feasibility and postoperative clinical outcome of vaporization of the prostate was investigated. <b>Method:</b> After acquiring suitable laser parameters in in-vitro experiments using a perfused tissue model patients (n=10) suffering from bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were treated by diode laser. Their clinical outcome, in terms of acceptance and post-operatively voiding were evaluated. The diode laser emitted light of the wavelength of 1470 nm at 50 W (Biolitec GmbH) and delivered to the tissue by means of a side-fire fibre introduced through a 24F continuous-flow cystoscope. Normal saline was used for irrigation with an additive of 1% ethanol. The prostatic lobes (volume range 35-80ml) were vaporized within the prostatic capsular using sweeping and push and pull technique. The mean time of laser application was 2400 sec (1220-4000 sec) resulting in applied energies of 121 kJ in the mean (range: 61-200kJ). <b>Results:</b> During laser treatment none of the 10 patients showed any significant blood loss or any fluid absorption (no ethanol uptake). Foley catheters were removed between 18 and 168 hours postoperatively (mean: 49.8h&plusmn;46h). After removal of the catheter the mean peak urine flow rate increased from 8.9ml/s &plusmn; 2.9ml/s pre-operatively in comparison to 15.7ml/s &plusmn; 5 ml/s (p=0.049) post-operatively. 8/10 patients were satisfied with their voiding outcome. None of the patients showed appearance of urgency, dysuria, hematuria, or incontinence but two patients required re-catheterization. After a follow-up of 1month, 8/10 patients showed evidence of good results and are satisfied with the outcome. Two patients required consecutive TUR-P. After a follow-up of 6-month the 8 patients are still satisfied. <b>Conclusions:</b> This very early and limited experience using a 50W-Diode laser emitting at 1470 nm indicates a safe and effective treatment modality for quickly relieving bladder outlet obstruction due to BPH. Larger randomized clinical trials to compare this technique with standard transurethral resection of the prostate and increased follow-up data are needed to determine its long-term efficacy and durability.
Design and demonstration of 1-bit and 2-bit transmit-arrays at V-band frequencies (2013)

International audience
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Spatial Heterogeneity in the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile (2021)

Abstract The Atacama Desert, Central Andes of Northern Chile, is an extreme environment characterized by high UV radiation, wide temperature variation, minimum precipitation and is reputed as the driest desert in the world. Scarce lagoons associated with salt flats (salars) in this desert are the surface expression of shallow groundwater which serve as refugia for life, and often host microbial communities associated with evaporitic mineral deposition. Recent investigations of the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara in the Atacama Desert based on multidisciplinary field studies provide unprecedented detail regarding the spatial heterogeneity of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of such saline lake environments. Four main lagoons (‘Puquios’) and more than 400 smaller ponds, occur in an area less than 5 km 2 , are characterized by high variability in electrical conductivity, benthic and planktonic biota and microbiota, lagoon bottom type, and style of mineral deposition. The heterogeneity of system parameters as observed spatially in the Puquios is likely to be expanded with temporal observations incorporating seasonality. Results provide new insight into the complexity of these Andean ecosystems, which may be key to resilience in extreme environments at the edge of habitability.
Quality of Roof-Harvested Rainwater as a Function of Environmental and Air Pollution Factors in a Coastal Mediterranean City (Haifa, Israel) (2017)

The quality of roof-harvested rainwater in a Mediterranean climate, which is characterised by dry summers and erratic wet winters, was studied. The effects of environmental factors (rain depth, length of dry period between consecutive rain events, time since the beginning of the rainy season, roof type, wind speed, and wind direction) and air pollution parameters (O3, SO2, NO2, NO, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10) on roof runoff quality were studied. Three roofs of three common types (concrete, steel sheets, and tiles) were constructed. Roof-generated runoff was collected over two rainy seasons (&gt;50 rain events) and were analysed for presence of metals, chemical and physical constituents, and faecal coliforms (a total of 23 parameters). Rain depth and runoff volume from each roof were recorded for each rain event. Most parameters examined complied with the Israeli potable water regulations. A stepwise multivariate linear regression established a significant effect of roof type on runoff pollutant concentrations, especially for ones generated by the roof material itself (e.g., Ca from the concrete roof and Zn from roof tiles). A significant effect of various air pollutants on the quality of roof-runoff water was found, as explained by rain washing off pollutants that accumulated in the atmosphere during the antecedent dry period. Both O3 and PM2.5–10 affected 17 quality parameters each. Rain depth affected only four out of the 23 water quality variables. In contrast, the length of the dry period between consecutive rain events was an important factor, affecting 12 roof-runoff quality variables.
Modulation of the Spectral Characteristics of a Nano-Contact Spin-Torque Oscillator via Spin Waves in an Adjacent Yttrium-Iron Garnet Film (2016)

NiFe-Cu-Co trilayer nano-contact spin-torque oscillators (NC-STOs) fabricated on an yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) film were studied in two different modes. In passive mode, i.e. without any NC-STO auto-oscillations, a microwave current through the nano-contact can excite spin waves (SW) in the YIG film, and, vice versa, antenna generated SWs in the YIG film can be detected by the nano-contact. In active mode, i.e., in the presence of auto-oscillations, significant changes appear in the NC-STO spectrum when its frequency approaches that of the SWs excited in the YIG. These results demonstrate strong coupling between NC-STOs and SWs in YIG and open new possibilities of 1) pure spin-current generation in YIG by NC-STOs; 2) mutual locking of a number of NC-STOs through SWs in YIG; and 3) improvement of NC-STO spectra through SW feedback in YIG.
Eigenvalue-Based Spectrum Sensing of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coded Signals (2012)

We consider spectrum sensing of signals encoded with an orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC). We propose a CFAR detector based on knowledge of the eigenvalue multiplicities of the covariance matrix which are inherent owing to the OSTBC and derive theoretical performance bounds. In addition, we show that the proposed detector is robust to a carrier frequency offset, and propose a detector that deals with timing synchronization using the detector for the synchronized case as a building block. The proposed detectors are shown numerically to perform well.
Compiler algorithms for optimizing locality and parallelism on shared and distributed memory machines (1997)

Distributed memory message passing machines can deliver scalable performance but are difficult to program. Shared memory machines, on the other hand, are easier to program but obtaining scalable performance with a large number of processors is difficult. Previously, some scalable architectures based on logically-shared physically-distributed memory have been designed and implemented. While some of the performance issues like parallelism and locality are common to the different parallel architectures, issues such as data decomposition are unique to specific types of architectures. One of the most important challenges compiler writers face is to design compilation techniques that can work on a variety of architectures. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can be employed by optimizing compilers for different types of parallel architectures. Our optimization algorithm does the following: (1) transforms loop nests such that, where possible, the outermost loops can be run in parallel across processors; (2) decomposes each array across processors; (3) optimizes interprocessor communication by vectorizing it whenever possible; and (it) optimizes locality (cache performance) by assigning appropriate storage layout for each array. Depending on the underlying hardware system, some or all of these steps can be applied in a unified framework. We present simulation results for cache miss rates, and empirical results on SUN SPARCstation 5, IBM SP-2, SGI Challenge and Convex Exemplar to validate the effectiveness of our approach on different architectures.
A multivariate phase distribution and its estimation (2008)

Circular variables such as phase or orientation have received considerable attention throughout the scientific and engineering communities and have recently been quite prominent in the field of neuroscience. While many analytic techniques have used phase as an effective representation, there has been little work on techniques that capture the joint statistics of multiple phase variables. In this paper we introduce a distribution that captures empirically observed pair-wise phase relationships. Importantly, we have developed a computationally efficient and accurate technique for estimating the parameters of this distribution from data. We show that the algorithm performs well in high-dimensions (d=100), and in cases with limited data (as few as 100 samples per dimension). We also demonstrate how this technique can be applied to electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings to investigate the coupling of brain areas during different behavioral states. This distribution and estimation technique can be broadly applied to any setting that produces multiple circular variables.
A novel diagnostic principle for alveolar6capillary membrane permeability disorders (2016)

The aim of this study was to estimate the diffusing capacity of the alveolar"capillary membrane (Dm) and the alveolar volume of the lungs (Va) based on measured CO concentration and basic spirometric parameters. Methods. Previously, we calculated CO concentration in the exhaled air during tidal and forced breathing. Experimental data of a healthy volunteer were analyzed with presumable predicted values of Dm = 60 and Va = 7.0. Then, the real Dm and Va were estimated. Results. We determined an equation for the present case (male; 176 cm of height; 50 years of age). This equation was too intricate for the routine use, so we developed an online calculator to estimate values in the real"time regimen on the basis of DELPHI platform. Conclusion. Our findings could make reasonability for further investigation to develop a new method for Dm and Va estimation that could be more feasible because it do not need test gas mixtures.
Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen Heterocycles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Azide–Isocyanide Cross‐Coupling/Cyclization: Mechanistic Insight using Experimental and Theoretical Studies (2017)

Abstract A rapid and elegant tandem azide–isocyanide cross‐coupling/cyclization protocol has been developed based on a nitrene transfer reaction. The palladium‐catalyzed ligand‐free methodology led to the synthesis of three different heterocyclic scaffolds with excellent atom/step/redox economy. Studies based on first‐principles‐based quantum calculations and control experiments unraveled a concerted process of nitrene transfer reaction on isocyanides, ruling out the metallaaziridine intermediate reported earlier. This finding could pave the way for novel applications of nitrene transfer reactions to generate bioactive heterocycles. magnified image
P-242 Which left ventricular pacing lead? (2003)

Left (LV) and biventricular (BiV) pacing resynchronize cardiac contraction and acutely improve pump function. Objective: To investigate if the relation between the degree of asynchrony and cardiac pump function persists after chronic resynchronization. Methods: In 6 canine hearts, dilated and hypertmphied due to 8 weeks of LBBB, LV and BiV pacing was performed with AV-delays from 20.200ms and during BiV pacing with VV-delays from -50 to 50ms. Subsequently, the hearts were chronically BiV paced at pacemaker settings, which resulted in maximal LV pump function. 8 weeks later the entire pacing protocol was repeated. LV systolic function was assessed from LVdPdhmx and interventricular asynchrony (interVA) from the time delay between upslope of the LV and RV pressure curves.
[Comparison of the effects between standard doses of H2-blocker (famotidine 20mg b.d.) and proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole 20mg o.d.) in the treatment of refractory reflux esophagitis by ambulatory 24-hr intra-gastroesophageal pH monitoring]. (1994)

Ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring was conducted in 11 patients with H2-blocker resistant reflux esophagitis to compare the effects of standard doses of H2-blocker (famotidine 20mg twice daily) and proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole 20mg once daily) on the inhibition of intraesophageal acidity. Mean intraesophageal pH during PPI treatment was significantly higher than that during H2-blocker treatment. Proportion of abnormal intra-esophageal acidity in 24hr (%time pH < 4) during PPI treatment was significantly less than that during H2-blocker treatment (11.7 +/- 3.1% vs 31.6 +/- 4.8%). The difference of the effect was more apparent in day time (upright time) than in night time (supine time). Thus PPI is superior to H2-blocker in treatment for refractory reflux esophagitis, but proportion of abnormal intra-esophageal acidity in 24hr (%time pH < 4) could be normalized only in 4 out of 11 patients even by standard dose PPI treatment. Effects of not only long-term maintenance therapy but also high dose therapy with PPI should be examined in future studies.
Using OWL DL Reasoning to Decide about authorization in RBAC. (2008)

Role Based Access Control (RBAC) [1] is a standardized model to indirectly assign permissions to users by user roles. We follow the proposal of Chae and Shiri [2] to introduce a hierarchy of object classes in addition to the hierarchy of user roles along which permissions are inherited. This makes sense since e.g. in file systems the inher-
A new method of underwater ranging on the sea floor (2011)

Underwater ranging on the sea floor would be an important measurement for research of deep sea-floor dynamics and for operation of underwater platforms. Acoustical method is widely used for underwater ranging but it has a disadvantage that acoustic wave is sensitive to change of seawater parameters. We have researched underwater laser propagation since 2008. We found laser beam can travel up to hundreds meters in deep-sea where depth is over about one hundred meter. Its attenuation is 0.3-0.4 dB/m. A prototype of underwater ranging system has been developed since 2010. The main system consists of a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). The TX is equipped with a 1 Watt semiconductor blue laser, a modulator and a driver which are set on a turntable. The RX has an avalanche photo diode and a demodulator on a turntable. The both systems are housed in pressure hulls with acrylic window each other. In April 2011, the first sea trial was carried out in Okinawa. We achieved an automatic alignment of laser beam between the transmitter and the receiver, and distance measurements (cm order) with measurement error variation of 0 – 10 cm in the data. In the both tests, the distance between the TX and the RX was up to 10 meters. We now recognized reasons of its large error and have been trying to fix the errors.
Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Diseases (2014)

Tandem mass spectrometry and fluorometry techniques for direct assay of lysosomal enzymatic activity in dried blood spots have emerged as the most studied approaches. Comparative mass spectrometry vs fluorometry studies show that the former better differentiates between nonaffected vs affected individuals. This in turn leads to a manageable number of screen positives that can be further evaluated with second-tier methods.
Via-Filling Capability of Copper Film by CVD (2003)

The via-filling properties of chemically-vapor-deposition (CVD) Cu film filled in deep submicrometer vias (diam of 0.11, 0.15 and 0.18 μm) were investigated with respect to various deposition parameters. A superior void-free via-filling by Cu film can be achieved at low temperature, low pressure, and high concentration of precursor species in the gas phase. However, these favorable conditions for void-free via-filling of Cu film also lead to slightly degraded film properties, including higher resistivity, higher content of impurities, degraded adhesion to substrate, and lower deposition rate, as compared with those obtained under the optimal deposition condition. Thus, a trade-off is needed between void-free via-filling and a superior film property. The key to achieve a void-free via-filling is to have a high probability of a re-emission event for the Cu-containing species inside the vias. Using helium (He) as the carrier gas is preferable to using hydrogen because the hydrogen reduction reaction would enhance the deposition of Cu, resulting in a decreased probability of a re-emission event and thus degrading the capability of void-free via-filling. In this study, we have achieved void-free filling by CVD Cu film in deep submicrometer 0.11 μm diam vias with an aspect ratio of 9.1 at and below deposition temperatures of 160°C, using a precursor flow rate of 0.4 cm3/min and at a deposition pressure of 60 mTorr. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Time-delay control of ionic polymer metal composite actuator (2015)

This paper presents the control of an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) strip, which is an electro-active polymer actuator. IPMC can produce mechanical bending motion in response to an electrical excitation. Although IPMC has many beneficial properties, such as low power consumption, large deformation, and bi-directional actuation, it is very challenging to control because of its time-varying and nonlinear properties. Time-delay control (TDC) was applied to an IPMC strip in order to obtain a robust and precise tracking performance. The TDC scheme has shown good tracking performance with exceptional robustness in many other applications, in addition to having a simple and efficient structure and design process. A first-order filter was applied to the control input to reduce the sensor noise. An anti-windup scheme was also used because of its inherent integral effect. The simulation and experimental results of an IPMC strip controlled by TDC showed good performance in the steady state and transient responses. Furthermore, the control output responses tracked the desired model even when the IPMC parameters varied in repetitive experiments. In addition, it was shown through Nyquist analysis that the stability of the IPMC strip controlled by TDC is always maintained with the time-varying parameters. These results demonstrate that the TDC law applied to a time-varying and nonlinear IPMC provides robustness in performance and stability, while yielding precise transient and steady state tracking performance.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Amplification of the <i>MET</i> Receptor Drives Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapies in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend to Supplementary Figures - PDF file 72K, Legend to Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Discussion Draft of a Directive on Online Intermediary Platforms (2016)

The rapid growth of online intermediary platforms such as Airbnb, Uber or Amazon Marketplace has not only brought new challenges for existing business models. It has also triggered a debate on whether there is a need to adjust EU consumer and market practices law in order to take into account the changing market structure caused by the rise of the ‘platform economy’. The aim of this Discussion Draft, which has been elaborated by network of legal scholars from several European Member States, is to make a contribution to this debate.Whether the current changes in the digital single market justify any regulatory action is an open question. The researchers involved in the elaboration of the Discussion Draft have different opinions with regard to this question and how to strike the right balance between consumer protection, market freedom and innovation. However, they share the view that the debate, which has so far been conducted on a rather abstract level, may benefit from a ‘visualisation’ that provides a clearer picture how a concrete regulatory instrument – if necessary – might look like. In this sense, the text presented here is not meant as a plea for regulation, but rather as an instrument that could give a new ‘focal point’ to the debate on the platform economy.Most of the researchers involved in the network hold the view that if regulation is considered to be necessary, the appropriate level of regulation should be European rather than national in order to avoid obstacles to the digital single market that could arise from diverging national regulatory requirements for online platforms. Therefore the draft has been conceived as a ‘Directive on Online Intermediary Platforms’.
A CoMFA Model of Steric and Electronic Effects of Phosphorus Ligands (1996)

Abstract The method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) has been applied to a series of 6 reactions involving a transition‐metal center and a series of substituted phosphine ligands. A CoMFA analysis of parameters used in classical QSAR including the Tolman cone angle and Brown's steric parameter E R has also been performed. Provided that the dataset of compounds is carefully chosen and is sufficiently large, CoMFA can be used in place of traditional QSAR methods which have employed Tolman cone angles and carbon‐13 chemical shifts as parameters. The CoMFA results show that steric and electronic factors have comparable weight in determining chemical reactivity in the types of reactions considered.