gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Alkylation of Aromatic Enamidone Functionality in Isoindole Series: A Convenient Route to Chiral Aza-analogues of Senkyunolide-E (1999)

Chiral aza-analogues (Za) and (Zb) of Senkyunolide-E were efficiently synthesized in a four-step sequence (72 and 70 % overall yields respectively) from the commercially available phthalic anhydride and (a-(-)-aphenylethylamine.The key step consisted in the 1Jaddition of Grignard reagents onto enamidone type compounds (8) and (9).These latters were regioselectively obtained from the parent w-alkynyl-w-carbinol lactams (6) and (7) by a Meyer-Schuster rearrangement.Monohydroxylated 3-alkylphthalides as compounds (1) (Scheme 1) are abundant in a variety of Chinese Umbelliferous plants',2 and are the major constituents of the dried rhizome of Lingusticum wallichii which is commonly known as "Chuan-Xiong" in ~h i n a , ~ Cnidium oficinale rhizome "Chum-Xing" in ~o r e a ~ and "Senkyu" in Chinese traditional medicine used in ~a ~a n .~ Some of these structures possess significant biological properties as a n t i ~~a s m o d i c , ~ pesticide,6 fungicide7 agents and have been used in the treatment of anemia and women's d i ~e a s e .~ According to this considerable interest in the pharmaceuticals applications, the syntheses of various 3-alkylidene (or 3-arylidene) derivatives (Senkyunolide-E (1):RI=H, R2=OH) have been recently achieved.8.9
<title>Applications, challenges, and approaches for electronic, digital holography</title> (2006)

Digital holography has been around for over thirty years; however only in recent years has necessary and affordable recording and computing hardware become widely available. Some of the first works in digital holography are described as far back as 1966, with others following shortly after that. Today many researchers are working in this area for both application and further development of the technique. Indeed, digital holography may represent the best hope for holography as a thriving area of optics, and science. In this paper we discuss of the many applications, advantages, challenges, and opportunities that exist in the field of digital holography.
USEFULNESS OF NESTED PCR FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SCRUB TYPHUS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY (2006)

The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness of using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of scrub typhus through a prospective comparison of nested PCR and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA). We conducted a multi-center prospective study of patients who were suffering with possible scrub typhus infection. Whole blood samples were collected for PCR testing, and sera were obtained for serology evaluation using the indirect IFA and the passive hemagglutination assay (PHA). We prospectively studied 135 patients with possible scrub typhus. One hundred eighteen patients were confirmed as having scrub typhus, 7 patients were undetermined, and 10 patients were confirmed as having other diseases. The results of nested PCR assay showed a sensitivity of 82.2% and a specificity of 100%. Ninety-six of the 118 patients were positive for IgM on their admission day. Of the 22 patients who were negative for IgM antibody at admission, 19 had positive results for nested PCR of the buffy coat. The nested PCR assay of the buffy coat is useful as a rapid and reliable test for confirming the diagnosis of scrub typhus.
Is there Gas Entrapped on Submerged Silicon Wafers? Visualizing Nano-Scale Bubbles with Cavitation (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Crystallographic fragment screening-based study of a novel FAD-dependent oxidoreductase from Chaetomium thermophilum. Corrigendum (2021)

The synchrotron facilities used in collecting the data for the article by Švecová et al. [(2021), Acta Cryst. D 77 , 755–775] are acknowledged.
Laminar Analysis of Human Neocortical Interictal Spike Generation and Propagation: Current Source Density and Multiunit Analysis In Vivo (2004)

Multicontact microelectrodes were chronically implanted in epilepsy patients undergoing subdural grid implantation for seizure localization. Current source density and multiple unit activity of interictal spikes (IISs) were sampled every approximately 150 microm in a line traversing all layers of a cortical column. Our data suggest that interictal epileptiform events in humans are initiated by large postsynaptic depolarizations, consistent with the hypothesis that human IISs correspond to animal paroxysmal depolarization shifts. Furthermore, the cortical layer where the initial depolarization occurs may differ according to whether the IIS is locally generated or propagated from a distant location, and among the propagated IISs, whether the IIS is in the direct path of propagation or on the periphery of that path.
Analysis of the 3D Data Model and Development of an Application for Landslide Region Information Service (2010)

In recent years, Korea has witnessed an increase to natural disasters such as landslides due to localized sudden and intensive rainfalls. Thus there have been researches on surface displacements to detect and monitor displacements in the areas prone to landslides by using high-precision and density numerical elevation data from LiDAR, which is an advanced 3D measuring equipment. However, the commercial software to process large-capacity LiDAR data, is expensive and difficult to be applied to specialized tasks such as analysis of landslide. In addition, there are no measures for many users to easily access diverse spatial information related to landslides and put it to intuitive uses. Thus this study developed an application program to analyze landslides by processing time series LiDAR data and intuitively serve many users with information about the topography and landslides of given areas. It analyzed the current state of landslides in the subject region through case study and proposed that 3D-based landslide and topography information can be served intuitively.
Utility of Ion-Mobility Spectrometry for Deducing Branching of Multiply Charged Glycans and Glycopeptides in a High-Throughput Positive ion LC-FLR-IMS-MS Workflow (2020)

High-throughput glycan analysis has become an important part of biopharmaceutical production and quality control. However, it is still a significant challenge in the field of glycomics to easily deduce isomeric glycan structures, especially in a high-throughput manner. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an excellent tool for differentiating isomeric glycan structures. However, demonstrations of the utility of IMS in high-throughput workflows such as liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry (LC-FLR-MS) workflows have been limited with only a small amount of collision cross section (CCS) data available. In particular, IMS data of glycan fragments obtained in positive ion mode are limited in comparison to those obtained in negative ion mode despite positive ion mode being widely used for glycomics. Here, we describe IMS <sup>TW</sup>CCSN<sub>2</sub> data obtained from a high-throughput LC-FLR-IMS-MS workflow in positive ion mode. We obtained IMS data from a selection of RapiFluor-MS (RFMS) labeled <i>N</i>-glycans and also glycopeptides. We describe how IMS is able to distinguish isomeric <i>N</i>-glycans and glycopeptides using both intact IMS and fragment-based IMS glycan sequencing experiments in positive ion mode, without significantly altering the high-throughput nature of the analysis. For the first time, we were able to successfully use IMS in positive ion mode to determine the branching of isomeric glycopeptides and RFMS labeled glycans. Further, we highlight that IMS glycan sequencing of fragments obtained from RFMS labeled glycans was similar to that of glycopeptides. Finally, we show that the IMS glycan sequencing approach can highlight shared structural features of nonisomeric glycans in a high-throughput LC-FLR-IMS-MS workflow.
Effect of G:C-->A:T transition, potentially arising from O6-guanine alkylation, in the transcription regulation of c-fos serum response element. (1997)

O6-meGs, if not repaired before cell undergo DNA synthesis, can cause erroneous pairing of thymine resulting in a G:C-->A:T transition, after the next DNA replication. It is known that the presence of O6-meG in promoter sequences inhibits the specific binding of transcription factors. Little is known on the effect of G:C-->A:T transitions on this binding. c-fos SRE was used as a model to study the effect of different G:C-->A:T transitions (at the positions -305, -306, -316, -319 and -320) in terms of SRE specific DNA-binding and functional ability to activate transcription of a reporter gene. The electromobility shift assay and a transient transfection assay were used. The G:C-->A:T transition at -320 caused 92% inhibition, while mutations at the positions -305, -306, -316 and -319 caused respectively 55, 43, 19 and 44% inhibition. The findings indicate that some G:C-->A:T transitions, potentially arising from O6-guanine methylation, can impair the regulation of c-fos transcription.
Are explanatory coherence and a connectionist model necessary? (1989)

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Regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis in mouse myeloma cells (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegulation of immunoglobulin synthesis in mouse myeloma cellsGail E. Sonenshein and George BrawermanCite this: Biochemistry 1976, 15, 25, 5497–5501Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00670a012https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00670a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymorphism, what it is and how to identify it: a systematic review (2013)

This review on polymorphism is a personal, non-comprehensive view on the field of polymorphism – a term which is often misused. Indeed, the discussion about polymorphism and related terms is still ongoing in the area of crystal engineering. This is why we felt it timely to look into the historical development of its definition and to delimit it. A short introduction to thermodynamic aspects and characterization methods of polymorphs is given. One chapter is then dedicated to polymorphism of elements and inorganic compounds, before discussing the term for organic and organo-metallic compounds. Chosen examples are given each time to illustrate the cases of polymorphism. In the end, the conclusion yields three flow schemes useful in determining polymorphism for each compound class.
Mechanical modelling of the Singoe deformation zone. Site descriptive modelling Forsmark stage 2.1 (2007)

This project aims at demonstrating the theoretical approach developed by SKB for determination of mechanical properties of large deformation zones, in particular the Singoe deformation zone. Up to now, only bedrock and minor deformation zones have been characterized by means of this methodology, which has been modified for this project. The Singoe deformation zone is taken as a reference object to get a more comprehensive picture of the structure, which could be incorporated in a future version of the SDM of Forsmark. Furthermore, the Singoe Zone has been chosen because of available data from four tunnels. Scope of work has included compilation and analysis of geological information from site investigations and documentation of existing tunnels. Results have been analyzed and demonstrated by means of RVS-visualization. Numerical modelling has been used to obtain mechanical properties. Numerical modelling has also been carried out in order to verify the results by comparison of calculated and measured deformations. Compilation of various structures in the four tunnels coincides largely with a magnetic anomaly and also with the estimated width. Based on the study it is clear that the Singoe deformation zone has a heterogeneous nature. The number of fracture zones associated with the deformation zone varies on either side of the zone, as does the transition zone between host rock and the Singoe zone. The overall impression from the study is that the results demonstrate that the methodology used for simulating of equivalent mechanical properties is an applicable and adequate method, also in case of large deformation zones. Typical rock mechanical parameters of the Singoe deformations that can be used in the regional stress model considering the zone to be a single fracture are: 200 MPa/m in normal stiffness, 10-15 MPa/m in shear stiffness, 0.4 MPa in cohesion and 31.5 degrees in friction angle.
Encapsulating objects with confined types (2007)

Object-oriented languages provide little support for encapsulating objects. Reference semantics allows objects to escape their defining scope, and the pervasive aliasing that ensues remains a major source of software defects. This paper presents Kacheck/J, a tool for inferring object encapsulation properties of large Java programs. Our goal is to develop practical tools to assist software engineers, thus we focus on simple and scalable techniques. Kacheck/J is able to infer confinement —the property that all instances of a given type are encapsulated in their defining package. This simple property can be used to identify accidental leaks of sensitive objects, as well as for compiler optimizations. We report on the analysis of a large body of code and discuss language support and refactoring for confinement.
Comparison of disease severity scoring systems for dairy cattle with acute coliform mastitis (2006)

Results suggest that the SSS scoring system was better for identifying cows with bacteremia or an adverse outcome than was the LSS system and that the LS1 and LS2 systems were intermediate in their discriminatory abilities.
Analysis and simulation of payment cost minimization and bid cost minimization with strategic bidders (2011)

Presently, Independent System Operators (ISOs) in deregulated electricity markets in the U.S. use an auction method that minimizes the total bid cost when determining units to be on and their generation levels (Bid Cost Minimization or BCM). It has recently been shown that this method of auction does not provide minimal consumer payment costs for a given set of bids under the Market Clearing Price (MCP)-based or congestion-dependent Locational Marginal Price (LMP) scheme. Instead, an alternative auction method that directly minimizes the total consumer payment (Payment Cost Minimization or PCM) provides the payment-minimizing auction selection. Though the use of PCM minimizes consumer payments for a given set of bids for a day, it has not been fully illustrated that PCM minimizes payments over a longer time period with intelligent bidders that can adjust to the new auction mechanism. To address this important economic issue, a novel discrete game theoretic method of bidder behavior is used to model the competitive nature of generating companies in the day-ahead market. Numerical testing results show that PCM significantly reduces consumer payments with intelligent bidders. Simulation using a market simulator is also presented with similar results. Finally, insight into the potential benefits of PCM is briefly presented.
Reduction of myocardial infarct size by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (1999)

The inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) is upregulated by cytokines and endotoxins in many types of cells, including cardiac myocytes. Nitric oxide (NO) induced by cytokines can be cytotoxic, and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and septic shock. To examine the role of iNOS in the ischemic myocardium, we studied: 1) the time course of expression of iNOS mRNA after myocardial infarction (MI) in male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts and expression of iNOS protein in the infarcted region; 2) whether hypoxia in vitro is a potential mediator of the induction of iNOS mRNA; and 3) whether inhibition of iNOS by two different selective inhibitors (aminoguanidine and S-methylisothiourea sulfate) in vivo influences infarct size. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and tissue was collected at selected times thereafter from both ligated and sham-operated rats. iNOS mRNA was induced in the infarcted region of the left ventricle for 7 days; iNOS protein was also detected in the infarcted area. We next tested whether hypoxia would induce iNOS in vitro. In cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes, iNOS mRNA was slightly induced by 6 to 24 h of hypoxia; however, iNOS protein was only detected when the cytokine interleukin-1beta was present. To study whether iNOS activity contributed to myocardial damage (eg, infarct size), we administered the first dose of the NOS inhibitors 24 h before LAD occlusion and then a second dose after surgery. Inhibition of iNOS activity with aminoguanidine reduced infarct size by 20% but had no effect on infiltration by neutrophils, whereas the more selective inhibitor S-methylisothiourea sulfate reduced infarct size by 41%. These data suggest that NO derived from the iNOS isoform contributes to some of the myocardial injury following MI, possibly by causing myocardial cell death in areas bordering the ischemic region of the heart.
Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor for rheumatoid arthritis. (1999)

Clinical trials of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have produced consistently outstanding results with no major side effects in patients refractory to other available treatments. The improvement, determined using either the Paulus or the American College of Rheumatology evaluation criteria, is rapid and has persisted over the 2 years of followup data currently available. Trials of 2 drugs are reviewed--infliximab, currently approved for treatment of Crohn's disease, and etanercept, recently approved for RA therapy.
Detection of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin with Randomly Immobilized Anti-Hemagglutinin Antibody on a Carbon Nanotube Sensor (2007)

Carbon nanotube sensors were capable of detecting hemagglutinin binding to anti-hemagglutinin antibody immobilized on the sensor. The carbon nanotube sensors were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition method and it showed field effect transistor property. Anti-hemagglutinin antibody was immobilized by cross-linking on the reverse surface of the carbon nanotube sensor. The current between the source and the drain was measured after incubation of various concentration of hemagglutinin antigen with immobilized anti-hemagglutinin antibody. I-Vgate curve was obtained by plotting the current as a function of the potential applied to the back gate. The I-Vgate curve showed a positive shift in a manner dependent on the hemagglutinin antigen concentration after immobilization of anti-hemagglutinin while no shift was observed without immobilization of anti-hemagglutinin antibody on the surface. The sensitivity of the CNT sensor was higher than that of the QCM method even without controlling the orientation of the anti-hemagglutinin antibody. This method constitutes a new tool to analyze interactions among biomolecules on a substrate.
Isotope effects in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl-inhibited thermal polymerization of 2,6-dideuteriostyrene (1981)

There is an inverse isotope effect in the reaction between 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH and 2,6-dideuteriostyrene of 0.75 ± 0.07 at 75 °C in degassed neat styrene. This result is consistent with the proposal that the reaction involves hydrogen transfer to DPPH from a Diels–Alder dimer of styrene. The rate constant for dimerization of styrene to this dimer is calculated to be 1.8 × 10 −10 L mol −1 s −1 at 75 °C.
Refractory Hypercapnia Complicating Massive Pulmonary Embolism (1988)

We report a case of refractory hypercapnia secondary to massive pulmonary embolism in the absence of underlying cardiopulmonary disease. We also review the literature concerning the diagnosis, outcome, and management of pulmonary embolism complicated by hypercapnia.
Isolation of human single chain variable fragment antibodies against specific sperm antigens for immunocontraceptive development (2008)

This is the first study to report the use of phage display technology to obtain antisperm scFv antibodies of defined antigen specificity. These antibodies will find clinical applications in the development of novel immunocontraceptives, and specific diagnostics for immunoinfertility.
Ferromagnetic Resonance Effects under Mode-Segregation Conditions (1967)

Measurements are reported that verify the mode-segregation effect of Hines and Chow. This effect occurs when the uniform precessional mode is made to move below the k=0 extrapolated lower limit of the spin-wave manifold by means of an interaction with a dielectric cavity mode, or by means of propagation effects. The measurements reported show a radical change in both the nonlinear behavior and the linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance as the k&amp;gt;0 spin-wave states are eliminated from the relaxation process. It is believed that these experiments indicate new avenues of approach for studying basic relaxation mechanisms as well as new areas of practical high-power device operation.
Standard Histogram Test Precision of ADC Gain and Offset Error Estimation (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The quality of measurements made in any system is quantified by supplying the expanded uncertainty of the result, as recommended in the Guide to Uncertainty in Measurement. In a system that involves analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), one of the sources of uncertainty is the converter's gain and offset error. The uncertainty of these two parameters should be known in order to compute the uncertainty of the measurements made with the system. In this paper, we study the uncertainty of terminal-based defined gain and offset error that are estimated using a standard histogram test in the presence of an additive noise. </para>