gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
14-3-3ζ deficient mice in the BALB/c background display behavioural and anatomical defects associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (2015)

Sequencing and expression analyses implicate 14-3-3ζ as a genetic risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In support of this notion, we recently found that 14-3-3ζ(-/-) mice in the Sv/129 background display schizophrenia-like defects. As epistatic interactions play a significant role in disease pathogenesis we generated a new congenic strain in the BALB/c background to determine the impact of genetic interactions on the 14-3-3ζ(-/-) phenotype. In addition to replicating defects such as aberrant mossy fibre connectivity and impaired spatial memory, our analysis of 14-3-3ζ(-/-) BALB/c mice identified enlarged lateral ventricles, reduced synaptic density and ectopically positioned pyramidal neurons in all subfields of the hippocampus. In contrast to our previous analyses, 14-3-3ζ(-/-) BALB/c mice lacked locomotor hyperactivity that was underscored by normal levels of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine signalling. Taken together, our results demonstrate that dysfunction of 14-3-3ζ gives rise to many of the pathological hallmarks associated with the human condition. 14-3-3ζ-deficient BALB/c mice therefore provide a novel model to address the underlying biology of structural defects affecting the hippocampus and ventricle, and cognitive defects such as hippocampal-dependent learning and memory.
New Therapeutic Drugs from Bioactive Natural Molecules: The Role of Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2018)

This review highlights the role of gut microbiota in regulating regulates brain biochemistry and the role of microbiota metabolites on neuropathologies. Dietary ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenols affect gut microbiota composition underlining the key role played by specific metabolites not only in the gut microbiota composition but also in the brain health maintenance.
Improvement of Cereal Seed Proteins (2024)

Although proteins are minor components of cereal seeds compared with starch (they account on average for about 10% of the dry weight), they have been the subject of a disproportionately large amount of research. This is because their amount and composition determines, to a large extent, the quality of the grain for its final end uses. The major uses of cereals in the developed world are as feed for livestock (barley, maize, and wheat), for breadmaking (wheat), and for other industrial uses such as malting (barley). Although direct consumption of some cereals does occur (e.g., rice, sweet com, pearled barley), this is as part of a mixed diet rich in other sources of protein. Consequently the main quality considerations are nutritional quality for livestock and technological quality. In developing countries, direct consumption of cereals by humans may be the major or sole source of dietary protein, and human nutritional requirements must be considered. This review will be restricted to considering how the amount and composition of cereal grain proteins can be manipulated to improve the nutritional quality. The interested reader is referred to reviews on the quality of cereals for breadmaking, 1 , 2 malting, 2 , 3 and other industrial uses. 4 , 5
The synthesis and insecticidal activity of indole‐derived carbamates (1977)

Abstract Thirty‐seven novel 3H‐indolyl and indolinyl carbamates were synthesised as potential insecticides. They were generally found to be good inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase in vitro, but although several compounds were highly insecticidal no correlation was found between their in vitro activity and their in vivo performance. Experimental evidence suggested that the insecticidal activity of the compounds was governed by a combination of their relative rates of penetration into insects and subsequent metabolic breakdown.
The Role of Niobium in Lightweight Vehicle Construction (2007)

Modern vehicle bodies make intensive use of high strength steel grades to improve the weight and the mechanical performance simultaneously. A broad range of medium and extra high strength steel grades is available. These steel grades have different characteristics concerning strength, formability and weldability. For many steel grades microalloying by niobium is the key to achieve their characteristic property profile. In HSLA steels niobium enhances the strength primarily by grain refinement. In interstitial free high strength steels niobium serves as a stabilizing element and also assists in obtaining the bake hardening effect. Some modern multiphase steels rely on niobium to achieve additional strength via grain refinement and precipitation hardening. Microstructural control provides a way to further optimize properties relevant to automotive processing such as cutting, forming and welding. The relevance of niobium microalloying in that respect will be outlined.
PSIII-12 Effect of PRRSV infection during gestation on sickness behaviors in the piglets after immune challenge (2019)

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) costs the U.S. pork industry millions of dollars yearly due to production losses and management costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) elicited by PRRSV infection during gestation on the behavioral response of the offspring to subsequent immune challenge. On gestational day 76, PRRSV negative Camborough gilts (n = 6) were either inoculated with PRRSV or saline intranasally. Nineteen female and male piglets from these PRRSV positive and Control gilts were weaned at day 21 and subsequently housed in groups. At day 60, piglets were randomized by sex to receive either saline or an intraperitoneal injection of Poly(I:C) to represent immune challenge. Poly(I:C) is a synthetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid that mimics double-stranded RNA that activates host defense similar to viral infections by stimulating the release of cytotoxic cytokines and inducing interferon-gamma production. Post injection, binary laying, eating, vomiting, panting, and overall sickness behaviors were collected by instantaneous scan sampling at 1.5-minute intervals for 60 minutes by a trained experimenter blinded to the experimental design. Fisher’s exact test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics were used to test the effects of gilt treatment, piglet challenge, and sex within and across factor levels. Male piglets from PRRSV-treated gilts exhibited significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.0455) fewer sickness behaviors than piglets from control gilts between 31 and 45 minutes post-challenge. Significant associations between gilt treatment and both panting (P &amp;lt; 0.0162) and overall sickness behavior (P &amp;lt; 0.0245), while controlling for sex and piglet challenge, were observed. This study characterized the MIA and sex-dependent nature of the effect Poly(I:C) immune challenge on behavior. Our results indicate that MIA is correlated to increased behavioral response to secondary viral infection in male offspring. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.
Decreased Activation of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in a Patient with Anisometropic Amblyopia Demonstrated by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2003)

Although postmortem morphological changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) have been reported in human amblyopia, LGN function during monocular viewing by amblyopic eyes has not been documented in humans. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study monocular visual activation of the LGN in a patient with anisometropic amblyopia. Four normal subjects, a patient with optic neuritis and a patient with anisometropic amblyopia were studied with fMRI at 1.5 T during monocular checkerboard stimulation. Activated areas in the LGN and visual cortex were identified after data processing (motion correction and spatial normalization) with SPM99. In the 4 normal subjects, comparable activation of the LGN and visual cortex was obtained by stimulation of either the right or left eye. In the patient with unilateral optic neuritis, activation of the LGN and visual cortex was markedly decreased when the affected eye was stimulated. Similarly, decreased activation of the LGN as well as the visual cortex by the affected eye was demonstrated in the patient with anisometropic amblyopia. Our preliminary results suggest that activation of the LGN is diminished during monocular viewing by affected eyes in anisometropic amblyopia. fMRI appears to be a feasible method to study LGN activity in human amblyopia.
Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF2 dentifrice versus an arginine–sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies (2016)

Stabilized SnF<sub>2</sub> dentifrices may provide more significant benefits to consumers than conventional fluoride dentifrices.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Targeting miR-21 Inhibits <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 544K, Figure S3. Endogenous expression of miR-21 inhibitors decreases miR-21 levels.&lt;/p&gt;
Design of air-guiding modified honeycomb photonic band-gap fibers for effectively singlemode operation (2006)

We investigate photonic band-gap (PBG) profiles of a modified honeycomb lattice structure and we identify the structural parameters that possess the largest band-gap. By incorporating the identified profile into the cladding, the wavelength dependence of the dispersion properties and confinement losses of air-guiding modified honeycomb PBG fibers (PBGFs) is investigated through a full-vector modal solver based on finite element method. In particular, we find that broadband effectively singlemode operation from 1450 nm to 1850 nm can be achieved using a modified honeycomb PBGF with a defected core realized by removing 7 air holes.
Spirochetes in Periodontal Disease in the Dog: A Review (1991)

The importance and the role of spirochetes in periodontal disease is controversial since the means to study these particular bacteria are limited. Because of specific requirements for growth, spirochetes are difficult to culture. Spirochetes could have profound effects on the perpetuation of periodontal disease. A review of the literature related to spirochetes is described.
Numerical simulations of plasma brush behavior in hybrid armatures (railguns) (1993)

The authors describe numerical simulations performed with a quasi-1D MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) code (CONFUSE) which has been applied to simulate the behavior of plasma brushes used in hybrid armatures. The simulations have provided estimates of the plasma brush length, resistive voltage drop, and temperatures corresponding to a range of brush gap size, fuse thickness, and magnetic pressure. The results of these simulations are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nonlinear median based receiver for QAM signals (2002)

A nonlinear detection scheme for coherent PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) and QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) is developed. The detector is based on a median-type digital filter, called a matched median filter, which is the natural counterpart of the linear matched filter in the class of median-type filters. These filters are optimal for Laplace noise, and it is shown that they lead to a robust detection scheme which also performs well when strong impulsive noise corrupts the signal. Formulas for detection error probabilities are derived, and simulation results confirming the expected behavior of the detector are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Elastic constants of polycrystals with generally anisotropic crystals (2016)

A homogenization model is developed that describes the effective elastic constants of polycrystalline materials with constituent crystallites of general anisotropy (triclinic symmetry). The model is solved through an iterative technique where successive iterations improve the estimates of the polycrystal's elastic constants. Convergence of the solution provides the self-consistent elastic constants, which are the polycrystal's elastic constants resulting from continuity between local and far-field stress and strains. Iterative solutions prior to convergence are the bounds on the elastic constants including the Voigt-Reuss and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. The second part of the article establishes a formal link between the present model and single-crystal elastic anisotropy. An analysis from a dataset containing 2176 inorganic crystalline compounds, spanning all crystallographic symmetries, is provided. The role of elastic anisotropy and related properties such as crystalline structure and elastic stability are discussed as it relates to the model.
Agent Based Fault Detection System for Chemical Processes using Negative Selection Algorithm (2018)

Recently, the number of industrial accidents of chemical plants has been increasing in Japan. The fault detection system is required to keep chemical plant safely. In this study, a fault detection system for a chemical plants using agent framework and negative selection algorithm was proposed. The negative selection algorithm is one of artificial immune systems. The artificial immune system is an imitative mechanism of vital actions to discriminate self/nonself to protect itself. The method was implemented and applied to a complicated chemical plant-which is a boiler plant virtually operated using a dynamic plant simulator. The simulations of fault detection were carried out. And also the results of simulations are presented in this paper.
Emergence of norms in interactions with complex rewards (2022)

Abstract Autonomous agents are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and are playing an increasing role in wide range of safety-critical systems, such as driverless cars, exploration robots and unmanned aerial vehicles. These agents operate in highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments, resulting in complex behaviour and interactions. Therefore, the need arises to model and understand more complex and nuanced agent interactions than have previously been studied. In this paper, we propose a novel agent-based modelling approach to investigating norm emergence, in which such interactions can be investigated. To this end, while there may be an ideal set of optimally compatible actions there are also combinations that have positive rewards and are also compatible. Our approach provides a step towards identifying the conditions under which globally compatible norms are likely to emerge in the context of complex rewards. Our model is illustrated using the motivating example of self-driving cars, and we present the scenario of an autonomous vehicle performing a left-turn at a T-intersection.
Ge/GaAs thin films for thermometer and bolometer application (2013)

We demonstrate that the heavily doped and completely compensated Ge thin films on semi-insulating GaAs substrates are very promising for bolometer and thermoresistor application in the 250 K to 500 K temperature range. These films have single crystal structure, the pronounced nano-relief surface and compositional nano-inhomogeneities. The conductivity of such films is two-dimensional percolation of charge carriers through a fluctuating electrostatic potential.
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Types I and II Differentially Regulate cAMP Response Element-mediated Gene Expression (2002)

We have shown that ethanol induces translocation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to the nucleus, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, and cAMP response element-mediated gene transcription in NG108-15 cells. However, little is known about which PKA types regulate this process. We show here that under basal conditions NG108-15 cells contain type I PKA (CbetaRIbeta) primarily in cytosol and type II PKA (CalphaRIIbeta) in the particulate and nuclear fractions. Antagonists of both type I and type II PKA inhibit forskolin- and ethanol-induced cAMP response element-mediated gene transcription. However, only the type II PKA antagonist inhibits forskolin-induced Calpha and ethanol-induced Calpha and RIIbeta translocation to the nucleus and CREB phosphorylation; the type I antagonist is without effect. Our data suggest that forskolin- and ethanol-induced CREB phosphorylation and gene activation are differentially mediated by the two types of PKA. We propose that type II PKA is translocated and activated in the nucleus and induces CREB phosphorylation that is necessary but not sufficient for gene transcription. By contrast, type I PKA is activated in the cytoplasm, turning on a downstream pathway that activates other transcription cofactors that interact with phosphorylated CREB to induce gene transcription.
Design and application for a high-temperature nuclear heat source (1979)

The nuclear reactor designed for process heat has a power output of 842 MW(t), a core outlet temperature of 950/sup 0/C (1742/sup 0/F), and an intermediate helium loop to separate the heat source from the process heat exchangers. Steam-methane reforming is the reference process. As part of the development of a nuclear process heat system, a computer code, Process Heat Reactor Evaluation and Design, is being developed. This code models both the reactor plant and a steam reforming plant. When complete, the program will have the capability to calculate an overall mass and heat balance, size the plant components, and estimate the plant cost for a wide variety of independent variables.
Association of Prenatal Sugar Consumption with Newborn Brain Tissue Organization (2021)

Animal studies have shown that exposure to excess sugar during the prenatal and postnatal periods may alter early brain structure in rat pups. However, evidence in humans is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine associations of maternal total and added sugar intake in pregnancy with early brain tissue organization in infants. Adolescent mothers (<i>n</i> = 41) were recruited during pregnancy and completed 24 h dietary recalls during the second trimester. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on infants using a 3.0 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner at 3 weeks. Maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were constructed. A multiple linear regression was used to examine voxel-wise associations across the brain. Adjusting for postmenstrual age, sex, birth weight, and total energy intake revealed that maternal total and added sugar consumption were associated inversely and diffusely with infant MD values, not FA values. Inverse associations were distributed throughout all of the cortical mantle, including the posterior periphery (Bs = -6.78 to -0.57, Ps < 0.001) and frontal lobe (Bs = -4.72 to -0.77, Ps ≤ 0.002). Our findings suggest that maternal total and added sugar intake during the second trimester are significantly associated with features of brain tissue organization in infants, the foundation for future functional outcomes.
Removal of electrodes of implanted systems. The state of the problem (2019)

The increase in indications for cardiac implantable devices had led to an increase in the number of device implantations worldwide, with a corresponding increase in the incidence of complications. Finally, in 1980, the development of methods for removing problematic leads and devices were first attempted. Currently, an average of 10,000–15,000 extractions/year are performed worldwide. Improving the design and technical performance of device leads has been the goal of several scientific and engineering efforts; however, they occasionally continue to fail, potentially leading to adverse clinical outcomes. The preferred technique is transvenous lead extraction, and over the past few decades, its effectiveness has substantially improved. Nevertheless, the extraction procedure is associated with high risks, and these risks should be considered when deciding on the procedure. The present review discusses the issues associated with determining appropriate strategies to reduce the risks associated with lead extraction and identifying accurate indicators for the removal of cardiac implantable device leads.Received 17 May 2019. Revised 12 December 2019. Accepted 13 December 2019.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Carbon nanotube transistors for biosensing applications (2005)

Electronic detection of biomolecules is gradually emerging as effective alternative of optical detection methods. We describe transistor devices with carbon nanotube conducting channels that have been used for biosensing and detection. Both single channel field effect transistors and devices with network conducting channels have been fabricated and their electronic characteristics examined. Device operation in (conducting) buffer and in a dry environment - after buffer removal - is also discussed. The devices readily respond to changes in the environment, such effects have been examined using gas molecules and coating layers with specific properties. Finally the interaction between devices and biomolecules will be summarized. The application of devices for detecting biological processes and bio-electronic integration is described in the paper 5593-07.
Efficient Drug Delivery of Paclitaxel Glycoside: A Novel Solubility Gradient Encapsulation into Liposomes Coupled with Immunoliposomes Preparation (2014)

Although the encapsulation of paclitaxel into liposomes has been extensively studied, its significant hydrophobic and uncharged character has generated substantial difficulties concerning its efficient encapsulation into the inner water core of liposomes. We found that a more hydrophilic paclitaxel molecule, 7-glucosyloxyacetylpaclitaxel, retained tubulin polymerization stabilization activity. The hydrophilic nature of 7-glucosyloxyacetylpaclitaxel allowed its efficient encapsulation into the inner water core of liposomes, which was successfully accomplished using a remote loading method with a solubility gradient between 40% ethylene glycol and Cremophor EL/ethanol in PBS. Trastuzumab was then conjugated onto the surface of liposomes as immunoliposomes to selectively target human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-overexpressing cancer cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that the immunoliposomes enhanced the toxicity of 7-glucosyloxyacetylpaclitaxel in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells and showed more rapid suppression of cell growth. The immunoliposomes strongly inhibited the tumor growth of HT-29 cells xenografted in nude mice. Notably, mice survived when treated with the immunoliposomes formulation, even when administered at a lethal dose of 7glucosyloxyacetylpaclitaxel in vivo. This data successfully demonstrates immunoliposomes as a promising candidate for the efficient delivery of paclitaxel glycoside.
Chiral Helicenoid Diarylethene with Highly Diastereoselective Photocyclization1 (2007)

A novel photochromic helicenoid diarylethene (R)-1-[1-(1-methoxymethoxyethyl)-2-naphtho[2,1-b]thienyl]-2-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)hexafluorocyclopentene was synthesized enantioselectively. It showed highly diastereoselective photocyclization (90% de) and a large change (950 degrees) in the specific optical rotation value at 633 nm upon UV light irradiation in ethyl acetate.