gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constraints On the Large-Scale Porosity and Permeability Structure of Young Oceanic Crust From Velocity and Resistivity Data (1994)

Geophysical measurements of a single physical property provide weak constraints on the large-scale porosity structure of the sea-floor. This limitation arises from fundamental principles which may be overcome by examing two independent pieces of information. As an example, electrical resistivity values and seismic compressional velocities from the East Pacific Rise at 13"N are simultaneously compared to various combinations of empirical expressions. The best agreement between theory and the data sets is found using either the connected Hashin-Shtrikman bound or, equivalently, Archie's law with a low value of exponent to describe the resistivities, and Wyllie's time-average equation for the seismic velocities. The combination implicitly requires a connected fluid distribution and, hence, a highly permeable crust throughout the uppermost 1 km of sea-floor. Porosities in the surface regions remain poorly constrained. Assuming a fluid temperature below 15 "C predicts porosities of at least 20 per cent in the uppermost 50 m, decreasing to less than 1 per cent at depths around 1 km. Permeabilities of around 5 X lo-'' m2 are inferred for the surface regions decreasing to 3 X lo-'' m2 at depth. The method described should prove useful in constraining the structure in older sea-floor as more resistivity profiles are gathered along with seismic data.
A Strategy for Identifying Locomotion Modes Using Surface Electromyography (2008)

This study investigated the use of surface electromyography (EMG) combined with pattern recognition (PR) to identify user locomotion modes. Due to the nonstationary characteristics of leg EMG signals during locomotion, a new phase-dependent EMG PR strategy was proposed for classifying the user's locomotion modes. The variables of the system were studied for accurate classification and timely system response. The developed PR system was tested on EMG data collected from eight able-bodied subjects and two subjects with long transfemoral (TF) amputations while they were walking on different terrains or paths. The results showed reliable classification for the seven tested modes. For eight able-bodied subjects, the average classification errors in the four defined phases using ten electrodes located over the muscles above the knee (simulating EMG from the residual limb of a TF amputee) were 12.4% +/- 5.0%, 6.0% +/- 4.7%, 7.5% +/- 5.1%, and 5.2% +/- 3.7%, respectively. Comparable results were also observed in our pilot study on the subjects with TF amputations. The outcome of this investigation could promote the future design of neural-controlled artificial legs.
Clinical Experience with Lingualplasty as Part of the Treatment of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1992)

Because uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as the sole procedure for severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is often inadequate, multiple other procedures have been developed. These have been directed at other sites of potential collapse of the upper airway. Initial experience with midline glossectomy (MLG) has shown direct modification of the tongue base to be an effective procedure in a subset of patients with OSAS. Lingualplasty, a modification of MLG, is demonstrated to provide an improved response rate. Twenty-two consecutive patients with severe OSAS and Fujita type II airway classification (retropalatal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal compromise) underwent lingualplasty. Fourteen patients had previously undergone unsuccessful UPPP. Eight had synchronous lingualplasty and UPPP. All were selected for lingualplasty because of obstructive tongue base anatomy. Responders were defined as having a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of less than 20 events/hour. For the entire group, 17 of 22 (77%) were classified as responders, with RDI decreasing from 58.8 +/- 39.5 events/hour to 8.1 +/- 6.2 events/hour. Lingualplasty, as an isolated procedure, resulted in a 79% responder rate, with RDI decreasing from 50.2 events/hour to 8.6 events/hour. There were no significant changes in the RDI of the nonresponder groups. No differences were identified that discriminated responders from nonresponders, including age, body mass index, or cephalometry. There were six complications (27%), including bleeding (3), tongue edema (1), prolonged odynophagia (1), and subcutaneous emphysema related to tracheotomy (1). All resolved with treatment. These results indicate that in appropriately selected patients who do not respond to UPPP, lingualplasty is a significant improvement over MLG.
Therapeutic Effects and Side Effects of Tiamulin Antibiotics on Streptococcus parauberis KSP28 infected Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (2019)

The diseases caused by Streptococcus sp. are frequently outbreak in olive flounder aquaculture farms in South Korea, and antibiotics are often abused to control the disease. This results in resistant strains that cannot be treated with existing fisheries antibiotics. In order to apply to other antibiotics, research on use, dosage and safety are essential. Tiamulin is an antibiotic that has good activity against mycoplasma and Gram-positive bacteria. It is mainly used in swine, cattle and poultry. Streptococcus parauberis KSP28 infected flounder had the best therapeutic effect at 15 mg/kg when injected intramuscularly, and 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg had the same effect when administered orally. However, intramuscular injection showed inflammation and necrosis of the muscles, and glomerulonephritis, renal tubular atrophy, Bowman’s capsule expansion, and reticuloendothelial system activity at the high dose group. Therefore, it is not appropriate to apply tiamulin injection to olive flounder because of the serious side effects. In addition, further studies should identify side effects of oral tiamulin administration.
Evaluation of Expression Level of Apolipoprotein M as a Diagnostic Marker for Primary Venous Thromboembolism (2017)

Recently, decreased levels of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) were shown to be associated with higher risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in male patients. However, the role of ApoM in primary VTE is unknown. We aimed in our study to analyze the plasma levels of ApoM in patients with VTE in order to evaluate the diagnostic importance of ApoM in primary VTE. A total of 357 patients with suspected first episode of VTE were recruited prospectively in the SCORE study. Plasma samples from 307 patients were available for quantifying the plasma levels of ApoM in patients with VTE using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Among the whole population, plasma levels (mean [standard deviation]) of ApoM were not significantly different between patients with VTE (0.72 [0.20]) and non-VTE patients (0.72 [0.16]), P = .99. Similarly, in regression analyses, no significant association of ApoM plasma levels with the risk of VTE was found on univariate (odds ratio [OR] =1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-4.84, P = .99) and multivariate analysis (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.19-8.34, P = .819) after adjusting for age, body mass index, and smoking. Moreover, results did not differ significantly after stratification of data according to sex ( P > .05). In this study, our results do not suggest a diagnostic role for ApoM plasma levels in patients with primary VTE. Moreover, the current study suggests that role of ApoM as a risk factor may differ for primary VTE and recurrent VTE in male patients.
Comparison of laser-induced surface and bulk damage (1973)

Data are presented which show that the optical field required to produce damage on a conventionally polished surface of a transparent medium is less than that required to damage an imperfection-free surface. Electric field enhancement at imperfections can explain this result. In addition, the bulk damage field at 1.06 μm is reported for three materials and is found to be the same as the surface damage field on imperfection-free surfaces.
Effects of MAC approaches on non-monotonic saturation with COPE - a simple case study (2011)

We construct a simple network model to provide insight into network design strategies. We show that the model can be used to address various approaches to network coding, MAC, and multi-packet reception so that their effects on network throughput can be evaluated. We consider several topology components which exhibit the same non-monotonic saturation behavior found within the Katti et. al. COPE experiments. We further show that fairness allocation by the MAC can seriously impact performance and cause this non-monotonic saturation. Using our model, we develop a MAC that provides monotonic saturation, higher saturation throughput gains and fairness among flows rather than nodes. The proposed model provides an estimate of the achievable gains for the cross-layer design of network coding, multi-packet reception, and MAC showing that super-additive throughput gains on the order of six times that of routing are possible.
Information Design in Non-atomic Routing Games with Partial Participation: Computation and Properties (2020)

We consider a routing game among non-atomic agents where link latency functions are conditional on an uncertain state of the network. The agents have the same prior belief about the state, but only a fixed fraction receive private route recommendations or a common message, which are generated by a known randomization, referred to as private or public signaling policy respectively. The remaining agents choose route according to Bayes Nash flow with respect to the prior. We develop a computational approach to solve the optimal information design problem, i.e., to minimize expected social latency over all public or obedient private signaling policies. For a fixed flow induced by non-participating agents, design of an optimal private signaling policy is shown to be a generalized problem of moments for polynomial link latency functions, and to admit an atomic solution with a provable upper bound on the number of atoms. This implies that, for polynomial link latency functions, information design can be equivalently cast as a polynomial optimization problem. This in turn can be arbitrarily lower bounded by a known hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations. The first level of this hierarchy is shown to be exact for the basic two link case with affine latency functions. We also identify a class of private signaling policies over which the optimal social cost is non-increasing with increasing fraction of participating agents for parallel networks. This is in contrast to existing results where the cost of participating agents under a fixed signaling policy may increase with their increasing fraction.
Identification of genes associated with copper tolerance in an adhesion-defective mutant ofAeromonas veroniibiovar sobria (2000)

TnphoA mutagenesis was used to identify adhesins of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria 3767, a strain isolated from a diarrhoeal stool specimen. Six mutants, from a library of 154, exhibited significantly reduced levels of adhesion to HEp-2 cells. Primers to the terminal regions of TnphoA were used for inverse PCR and the product from one mutant was cloned into pBluescript and partial sequence data obtained. Scanning GenBank and EMBL data bases revealed DNA sequence similarity to the copA gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato which confers resistance to copper and other heavy metals. The transposon was located within the copA gene and the mutant exhibited a reduced tolerance to copper. Primer walking, using the inverse PCR product as a template, revealed three open reading frames (ORFs) copA, B and C in A. veronii biovar sobria 3767. The predicted amino acid sequences of ORFs A and B had significant homology (55 and 34% respectively) to the copA and B proteins of P. syringae. No amino acid or DNA sequence homology existed between ORF C of strain 3767 and any other gene in the data bases scanned. Further analysis of the nucleotide sequence failed to reveal the presence of typical copper regulatory genes within the vicinity of the Aeromonas sequence. The association between copper tolerance and adhesion in A. veronii biovar sobria requires further study.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES. 101. CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRICTED ANALOGS OF PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES. 1. SYNTHESIS OF 6,5′(S)‐ AND 6,5′(R)‐CYCLOURIDINE (1976)

Abstract Aus dem 5‐Acetoxy‐2′,3′‐isopropyliden‐uridin (Ia) entsteht der Aldehyd (Ib), der über das Imidazolidin‐Derivat (Ic) zum anhydro‐Nucleosid (IIa) führt.
CoDesign with the MCSE methodology (2002)

In this paper, we describe a system design process based on the MCSE methodology useful for CoDesign. The conceptual model on which MCSE is based considers 2 views for a system: the functional model allows designers to describe their solutions in an application-oriented view of the system, the executive model depicts the hardware components or necessary resources, and interconnections between them. CoDesign is shown as an enhancement of the implementation specification step of MCSE. One main problem is then system partitioning for which we propose an interactive procedure based on performance and cost evaluations. The software part of the solution is generated from the functional description level. The hardware part is synthesized from a VHDL behavioral description which is also generated from the subset of the functional description allocated to the hardware. The links between hardware and software are also synthesized. Such a procedure and associated tools lead to efficiently obtain system prototypes in an incremental manner. An example is given to illustrate the benefit of the proposed method, the significance of the functional level and the specific part of a system development for which CoDesign is appropriate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
USER'S GUIDE TO FATIGUE LIFE ANALYSIS PROGRAM (FLAP) (1979)

This guide documents the use of the Fatigue Life Analysis Program which is intended for use in the implementation of the Interim AAR Guidelines for Fatigue Analysis of Freight Cars. This computer program is a tool by means of which the freight car design engineer can readily incorporate fatigue life calculations within the design process.
Experiments on friction of dry and wet ice (2020)

Experiments on ice-on-ice friction both with and without water on the ice surface are presented. The experiments were conducted at −9.4 °C on dry ice and at −2.8 °C on both wet and dry ice. The sliding speed was varied between 6 and 105 mm/s. The effect of abrasion of ice surfaces was found to be an important phenomenon regarding the friction coefficient. Related to abrasion, the friction coefficient increased significantly in repetitive experiments especially at warm temperature. Adding water on the ice surface had only a minor effect on the friction coefficient at sliding speed above 10 mm/s. However, at lower speeds, the friction coefficient on wet ice was significantly higher than on dry ice.
Hydrocarbon PEMs revisited (1999)

While a focus on hydrocarbon polymers appears to be a step back about 40 years, new material developments mean new opportunities for low-cost PEMs in several market segments.
Studies concerning the regional lymph node in cancer.IV. Tumor inhibition by regional lymph node cells (1974)

Observations in two different syngeneic tumor-host systems utilizing in vivo neutralization and in vitro cytotoxicity have revealed that even after tumors had been present for a prolonged period of time, regional lymph node cells were capable of interfering with the growth of tumor cells. Neither distant LNCs nor spleen cells ever fully displayed that characteristic. Only when animals approached death from their tumors did RLNCs demonstrate loss of their neutralizing capability. Inhibition of growth of tumor cells by RLNCs was not impaired for at least as long as 2 months following removal of primary tumors. Cells obtained at that time from other sources failed to display such a capability. The findings are compatible with others from this laboratory which have indicated that RLNs are unique from the rest of the lymphoreticular system insofar as the immunologic response of a host to its tumor is concerned. They also suggest that disseminated living tumor cells gaining access to RLNs may be destroyed in those structures, and that the finding of negative lymph nodes may be the result of such a circumstance rather than that a tumor had been removed prior to its lymphatic dissemination.
Age Heterokaryon Studies in Didymium iridis (1989)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: agingheterokaryonsDidymium iridis
Three dimensional discrete wavelet transform with deduced number of lifting steps (2013)

This report reduces the total number of lifting steps in a three-dimensional (3D) double lifting discrete wavelet transform (DWT), which has been widely applied for analyzing volumetric medical images. The lifting steps are necessary components in a DWT. Since calculation in a lifting step must wait for a result of former step, cascading many lifting steps brings about increase of delay from input to output. We decrease the total number of lifting steps introducing 3D memory accessing for the implementation of low delay 3D DWT. We also maintain compatibility with the conventional 5/3 DWT defined by JPEG 2000 international standard for utilization of its software and hardware resources. Finally, the total number of lifting steps and rounding operations were reduced to 67 % and 33 %, respectively. It was observed that total amount of errors due to rounding operations in the lifting steps was also reduced.
VLSI design of a robotic controller for a dual axis manipulator element (2003)

The overall architecture of the dual-axis manipulator element and its importance as a fundamental building block of an advanced telerobotic system are described. The design, implementation, and testing of a custom VLSI chip that provides multiaxis sensor interfacing and signal conditioning are discussed. The current chip design includes: two quadrature phase optical decoders with a 16-bit resolution, three pulse-width-modulated waveform generators with 11-bit precision, and a digital input/output microprocessor interface. Each of these components have been laid out with VLSI CAD (computer-aided design) tools and have been extensively computer simulated. A 64-pin prototype chip has been fabricated in 3- mu m SCMOS technology with an expected clock rate of 10 MHz for the pulse-width modulated waveform generators and 8 MHz for the optical decoders. The custom chip replaces over 125 standard SSI/MSI CMOS and TTL services and achieves a bit resolution far greater than what is currently available with off-the-shelf components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A framework for locally retargeting and rendering facial performance (2011)

Abstract We present a facial motion retargeting method that enables the control of a blendshape rig according to marker‐based motion capture data. The main purpose of the proposed technique is to allow a blendshape rig to create facial expressions, which conforms best to the current motion capture input, regardless the underlying blendshape poses. In other words, even though all of the blendshape poses may comprise symmetrical facial expressions only, our method is still able to create asymmetrical expressions without physically splitting any of them into more local blendshape poses. An automatic segmentation technique based on the analysis of facial motion is introduced to create facial regions for local retargeting. We also show that it is possible to blend normal maps for rendering in the same framework. Rendering with the blended normal map significantly improves surface appearance and details. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
<title>Reduction of blocking artifacts using motion-compensated spatial-temporal filtering</title> (1991)

An adaptive motion-compensated spatial-temporal filtering technique is presented. It is shown as an effective control parameter to gracefully tradeoff the quality of DCT coded video and bit rate in applications such as the MPEG video coding standard from digital storage media. Conventionally, spatial and temporal filters are used as fixed prefiltering parameters to reduce image resolution for coding and to eliminate background noise. This paper presents a new method to dynamically adjust the filters from the rate-control buffer. The filtering is performed over the motion path. Spatial filtering is also performed to provide smoother motion flow. Thus, a tradeoff of image quality and bit rate can be better balanced. By applying this feed-back control, the maximum image resolution is maintained for normal conditions while a graceful degradation is achieved for difficult scenes. Simulation results based on the MPEG video algorithm operating at .55 Mbit/sec and .95 Mbit/sec show that the proposed scheme is effective in alleviating block artifacts.
A Quantitative, Experimental Approach to Measuring Processor Side-Channel Security (2013)

User inputs tend to change the execution characteristics of applications including their interactions with cache, network, storage, and other systems. Many attacks have exploited the observable side effects of these execution characteristics to expose sensitive information. In response, researchers have proposed countermeasures to protect against these attacks. However there is currently no systematic, holistic methodology for understanding information leakage. As a result, it is not well known how design decisions affect information leakage or the vulnerability of entire systems to side-channel attacks. The authors propose a metric for measuring information leakage called the Side-channel Vulnerability Factor (SVF). The SVF is based on the observation that all side-channel attacks - ranging from physical to microarchitectural to software - rely on recognizing leaked execution patterns. The SVF quantifies patterns in attackers' observations and measures their correlation to the victim's actual execution patterns and in doing so captures systems' predisposition to leak information. Thus, the SVF provides a quantitative approach to securing computer architecture.
A neural network approach for fast, automated quantification of DIR performance (2017)

The formulation presented in this paper demonstrates the ability for fast, accurate quantification of registration performance. DNN provided the necessary level of abstraction to estimate a quantified TRE from the ISM expectations described above, when sufficiently trained on annotated data. In addition, biomechanical models facilitated the DNN with the required variations in the patient posture and physiological regression. With further development and validation on clinical patient data, such networks have potential impact in patient and site-specific optimization, and stream-lining clinical registration validation.
Peptide Bond Formation Mediated by 4,5-Dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzylamine after Periodate Oxidation of the N-Terminal Serine Residue (2001)

[reaction in text] A thiol linker-attached peptide was prepared from a nonprotected peptide via an N(alpha)()-alpha-oxoacyl peptide. Selective oxidation of the N-terminal serine with sodium periodate gave the N(alpha)-glyoxyloyl peptide, reductive amination of which with 4,5-dimethoxy-2-(triphenylmethylthio)benzylamine gave an N(alpha)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl glycyl peptide after removal of the trityl group. The N(alpha)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl peptide can be condensed with a peptide thioester, and the linker is removable. This strategy provides a useful method for the synthesis of peptides using recombinant proteins.