gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In This Issue (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVIn This IssueNEXTIn This IssueJason G. UnderwoodCite this: ACS Chem. Biol. 2017, 12, 1, 6Publication Date (Web):January 20, 2017Publication History Published online20 January 2017Published inissue 20 January 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschembio.7b00011https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.7b00011in-briefACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (757 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Colloids,Neurophysiology,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Mast cells play a partial role in allergen‐induced subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of allergic asthma (2003)

These findings suggest that mast cells play a partial role in the development of allergen-induced subepithelial fibrosis, although airway inflammation, epithelial remodelling and BHR caused by repeated allergen challenge are independent of mast cells, at least in this model.
AMTA Corner (2014)

Welcome to the June edition of the Antenna Measurement Techniques Association (AMTA) Corner for 2014. As everyone heads into summer, we‚re pleased to update you on the AMTA 2014 symposium in Tucson, AZ, on October 12-17, 2014, at the JW Marriot Tucson Starr Pass hotel. The US Army Electronic Proving Ground will be the host for AMTA 2014, with co-hosts Raytheon, Arizona State University, and The University of Arizona.
Formation Rate of Natural Gas Hydrate - Reactor Experiments and Models (2002)

The rate of methane hydrate and natural gas hydrate formation was measured in a 9.5 litre stirred tank reactor of standard design. The experiments were performed to better understand the performance and scale-up of a reactor for continuous production of natural gas hydrates. The hydrate formation rate was measured at steady-state conditions at pressures between 70 and 90 bar and temperatures between 7 and 15 °C. Between 44 and 56 % of the gas continuously supplied to the reactor was converted to hydrate.\n\nThe experimental results show that the rate of hydrate formation is strongly influenced by gas injection rate and pressure. The effect of stirring rate is less significant, and subcooling has no observable effect on the formation rate. Hydrate crystal concentration and gas composition do not influence the hydrate formation rate. Observations of produced hydrate crystals indicate that the crystals are elongated, about 5 μm in diameter and 10 μm long. Analysis of the results shows that the rate of hydrate formation is dominated by gas-liquid mass transfer. A mass transfer model, the bubble-to-crystal model, was developed for the hydrate formation rate in a continuous stirred tank reactor, given in terms of concentration driving force and an overall mass transfer coefficient. The driving force is the difference between the gas concentration at the gas-liquid interface and at the hydrate crystal surface. These concentrations correspond to the solubility of gas in water at experimental temperature and pressure and the solubility of gas at hydrate equilibrium temperature and experimental pressure, respectively. The overall mass transfer coefficient is expressed in terms of superficial gas velocity and impeller power consumption, parameters commonly used in studies of stirred tank reactors.\n\nExperiments and modeling show that the stirred tank reactor has a considerable potential for increased production capacity. However, at higher hydrate production rates the capacity will be limited by heat transfer in the reactor. For a higher production capacity and in scale-up of the hydrate production process, the upstream gas supply system and the downstream separator must be increased in proportion to the reactor capacity.
Regulations and Other Developments/Trends/Initiatives Driving Non‐Halogenated Flame Retardant Use (2021)

Fire safety of materials is regulated via laws like building codes or product safety laws, which in turn refer to standards of performance and testing needs to meet various fire risk scenarios. As such, fire safety of materials, and the individual components and chemicals involved in these materials are highly regulated. Indeed, as a field of materials science, it is performance needs together with regulatory requirements or voluntary schemes like ecolabels and market trends which drive chemical selection for fire safety needs – in addition to economical constraints. This chapter will discuss the regulatory requirements which affect the choice flame retardant chemicals. Specific regulations of the chemicals themselves, and new regulatory issues that are driving selection and de-selection of specific flame retardant chemicals for fire safety needs will be presented as well.
A miniaturized 3D printed pressure regulator (µPR) for microfluidic cell culture applications (2022)

Well-defined fluid flows are the hallmark feature of microfluidic culture systems and enable precise control over biophysical and biochemical cues at the cellular scale. Microfluidic flow control is generally achieved using displacement-based (e.g., syringe or peristaltic pumps) or pressure-controlled techniques that provide numerous perfusion options, including constant, ramped, and pulsed flows. However, it can be challenging to integrate these large form-factor devices and accompanying peripherals into incubators or other confined environments. In addition, microfluidic culture studies are primarily carried out under constant perfusion conditions and more complex flow capabilities are often unused. Thus, there is a need for a simplified flow control platform that provides standard perfusion capabilities and can be easily integrated into incubated environments. To this end, we introduce a tunable, 3D printed micro pressure regulator (µPR) and show that it can provide robust flow control capabilities when combined with a battery-powered miniature air pump to support microfluidic applications. We detail the design and fabrication of the µPR and: (i) demonstrate a tunable outlet pressure range relevant for microfluidic applications (1-10 kPa), (ii) highlight dynamic control capabilities in a microfluidic network, (iii) and maintain human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a multi-compartment culture device under continuous perfusion conditions. We anticipate that our 3D printed fabrication approach and open-access designs will enable customized µPRs that can support a broad range of microfluidic applications.
Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus (2020)

Current HIV-1 vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in ~20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide a roadmap for effective vaccination. Here we report the isolation, evolution and structure of a broadly neutralizing antibody from an African donor followed from time of infection. The mature antibody, CH103, neutralized ~55% of HIV-1 isolates, and its co-crystal structure with gp120 revealed a novel loop-based mechanism of CD4-binding site recognition. Virus and antibody gene sequencing revealed concomitant virus evolution and antibody maturation. Notably, the CH103-lineage unmutated common ancestor avidly bound the transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and evolution of antibody neutralization breadth was preceded by extensive viral diversification in and near the CH103 epitope. These data elucidate the viral and antibody evolution leading to induction of a lineage of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies and provide insights into strategies to elicit similar antibodies via vaccination.
Combined Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation and Ethanol Injection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in High-Risk Locations (2008)

The combination of radiofrequency ablation and PEI in the management of HCC in high-risk locations has a slightly higher primary effectiveness rate than does radiofrequency ablation alone. A randomized controlled study is warranted.
Superoxide production by porcine retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. (1989)

Cultured porcine retinal pigment epithelial cells release superoxide, measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-suppressible reduction of cytochrome C, and SOD-suppressible luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Latex beads stimulated a significant release of superoxide that reached 82 nmol/mg protein in the first 15 min and declined thereafter. Formation of an insoluble blue formazan following reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium histochemically demonstrated that superoxide was released over the region of the cell vicinal to the bead. Dioctanoylglycerol, a synthetic, cell-permeating activator of protein kinase C, also elicited a rapid release of superoxide from RPE cells. This study emphasizes the need to characterize the mechanisms by which superoxide is generated, whether its release is regulated, and how toxicity is prevented in vivo.
Measurement of defect densities and Urbach energies of tail states in PTB7 solar cells (2014)

Poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) is an important material for solar cells. We report on measurement of bulk and interfacial defects in PTB7 devices and measurement of Urbach energies of tail states near the HOMO and LUMO levels. The bulk defects and Urbach energies were measured using sub-gap quantum efficiency techniques and the donor/acceptor interfacial defects using capacitance techniques. Interfacial defects were found to peak at ∼0.7 eV above the HOMO level. Dark current-voltage curve indicated both interfacial and bulk recombination. Urbach energy for tail states near the HOMO level of PTB7 is 33 meV and near the LUMO level 55 meV.
Organizational Oscillation Between Learning and Forgetting: The Dual Role of Serious Errors (2015)

We know that organizations change over time as a result of their ability to learn and their tendency to forget. What we know less about, however, is why they might change back, despite evidence suggesting that this occurs. In this paper, we develop and test a model of organizational oscillation that explains why firms cycle through periods of learning and periods of forgetting. In particular, we identify a dual role for serious errors, which push firms toward a focus on safety while also pulling them away from other foci, such as efficiency or innovation. Although existing learning research recognizes errors as disruptive, this dual effect has not been theorized. We also demonstrate that, over time, the effect of a serious error on safety weakens, allowing alternative activities to emerge that lead to subsequent errors. We draw on qualitative data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Challenger and Columbia accidents to build theory about why organizations oscillate between safety and other foci, and how serious errors trigger these shifts. We then test this theory using a data set of all pharmaceutical firms that introduced Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs in the United States from 1997 to 2004. Results confirm our theory, which contributes to our understanding of complex learning processes by identifying a mechanism by which organizations learn, then forget; then learn, then forget again.
ML estimator based on the EM algorithm for subcarrier SNR estimation in multicarrier transmissions (2009)

In this paper, considering multicarrier transmissions, we present a maximum likelihood estimator of the subcarrier signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. This new estimator is applicable to any linearly-modulated signal. It is a non-data-aided (NDA) method since no a priori knowledge is assumed about the transmitted data. The channel gains and phase distortions on the different subcarriers are assumed to be constant during the observation window, and the signal is assumed to be corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The performances of our estimator are empirically assessed using Monte-Carlo simulations, showing that the new algorithm reaches the corresponding Crameacuter-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) over a wide SNR range.
Selective synthesis of alk-1-enes from CO/H2 catalysed by highly reduced zeolite-entrapped cobalt clusters (1991)

Highly reduced zeolite-entrapped cobalt particles are prepared by simple impregnation of an alkali solution into a cobalt-exchanged zeolite followed by reduction with hydrogen gas at 450 °C; the catalyst exhibits high selectivity towards linear hydrocarbons, especially alk-1-enes, and strong resistance to deactivation in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction.
Epigenetics in Research and Practice (2013)

This special issue focused on the intersection of epigenetics with nursing research and practice. The first paper in this series addresses the role of epigenetic modifications in pain and analgesia response, highlighting the need for future research on epigenomic modification in the development of chronic pain, and summarizes the therapeutic potential to alter epigenetic processes to improve health outcomes. The second studies the epigenetic alterations and an increased frequency of micronuclei in women with fibromyalgia, highlighting a difference in an epigenetic biomarker in participants versus controls. The third paper explored the role of epigenetics in critical illness and the need for clinicians to understand and navigate the novel therapies of the future based on advances in epigenetic science. The fourth paper described the complexity of recruiting participants for epigenetic research and highlighted strategies, including scripts for facilitating the informed consent process. The fifth paper was an insightful review of the epigenetic mechanisms that may contribute to the biological response to trauma and risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. The sixth paper discussed the state of the science in understanding measures of cellular aging in depression.
Training data selection based on context-dependent state matching (2014)

In this paper we construct a data set for semi-supervised acoustic model training by selecting spoken utterances from a massive collection of anonymized Google Voice Search utterances. Semi-supervised training usually retains high-confidence utterances which are presumed to have an accurate hypothesized transcript, a necessary condition for successful training. Selecting high confidence utterances can however restrict the diversity of the resulting data set. We propose to introduce a constraint enforcing that the distribution of the context-dependent state symbols obtained by running forced alignment of the hypothesized transcript matches a reference distribution estimated from a curated development set. The quality of the obtained training set is illustrated on large scale Voice Search recognition experiments and outperforms random selection of high-confidence utterances.
CHAPTER 2: Systems-wide analysis of the signaling network controlling plant immunity (2017)

The signaling network regulating the plant immune response has been described as a collection of relatively independent signaling pathways with some cross-talk points. However, the actual immune signaling network forms a true network because the network sectors are highly interconnected through significant interactions. Therefore, analysis of the network based on the pathway concept may not be appropriate in many situations and could lead to misunderstanding the nature of the signaling network. In this article, I will discuss the “wipe out and reconstitute stepwise (WORS)” strategy, which is effective in understanding interactions among network sectors in such a complex network. Two modes of plant immunity, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), are triggered based on recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and pathogen effectors, respectively. The WORS strategy revealed that at least some cases of PTI and ETI share an extensively overlapping signaling network, but PTI and ETI use the same network differently, in that the sector interaction patterns are different. Based on these observations, I will speculate about factors that have been involved in shaping the integrated plant immune signaling network through evolutionary processes.
Experimental study of the hydrodynamic expansion following a nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge in air (2011)

We report on an experimental study of the hydrodynamic expansion following a nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharge in atmospheric pressure air preheated up to 1000 K. Single-shot schlieren images starting from 50 ns after the discharge were recorded to show the shock-wave propagation and the expansion of the heated gas channel. The temporal evolution of the gas temperature behind the shock-front is estimated from the measured shock-wave velocity by using the Rankine-Hugoniot relationships. The results show that a gas temperature increase of up to 1100 K can be observed 50 ns after the nanosecond pulse.
Preimplantation mammalian aggregation and injection chimeras (1989)

Abstract The preimplantation embryo is highly resilient to experimental manipulations. A specific manipulation that has revealed many clues to the developmental process is chimera production. Chimeras have been used to describe the importance of developmental characteristics of embryonic cells and how these characteristics are involved with developmental fate. These characteristics have been monopolized in the production of interspecific chimeras and the production of transgenic animals. This review attempts to discuss the major factors affecting preimplantation mammalian embryo chimera production.
Towards a desalination initiative using cogeneration with an advanced reactor type and uranium recovered from Moroccan phosphoric acid production (2005)

Morocco is known to be among the first few countries to produce phosphate and phosphoric acid. Moroccan phosphate contains substantial amounts of uranium. This uranium can be recovered from the phosphate ore as a by-product during the production of phosphoric acid. Uranium extraction processes linked with phosphoric acid fabrication have been used industrially in some countries. This is done mainly by solvent extraction. Although, the present price of uranium is low in the international market, such uranium recovery could be considered as a side product of phosphoric acid production. The price of uranium has a very small impact on the cost of nuclear energy obtained from it. This paper focuses on the extraction of uranium salt from phosphate rock. If uranium is recovered in Morocco in the proposed manner, it could serve as feed for a number of nuclear power plants. The natural uranium product would have to be either enriched or blended as mixed-oxide fuel to manufacture adequate nuclear fuel. Part of this fuel would feed a desalination initiative using a high temperature reactor of the new generation, chosen for its intrinsic safety, sturdiness, ease of maintenance, thermodynamic characteristics and long fuel life between reloads, that is, good economy. Αn international cooperation based on commercial contract schemes would concern: the general project and uranium extraction; uranium enrichment and fuel fabrication services; the nuclear power plant; and the desalination plant. This paper presents the overall feasibility of the general project with some quantitative preliminary figures and cost estimates.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (±)-AVENACIOLIDE AND ITS ANALOGUES (1980)

Abstract A new method for the stereoselective synthesis of (±)-avenaciolide and its analogues via methoxycarbonyl- or anisyloxycarbonyldi-γ-lactones, which could be easily prepared by the reaction of γ-substituted α-bromobutenolides with sodium salt of methyl or anisyl malonamate in good yields, was described.
A brief history of the Texas heart institute. (2008)

In 1962, I founded the Texas Heart Institute (THI) with the goal of establishing a research and educational facility affiliated with St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital (SLEH) and Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), in the Texas Medical Center. From the beginning, the Institute's mission has been to reduce the devastating toll of cardiovascular disease through innovative programs in treatment, education, and research.
The Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Chloride at Temperatures from 15-45° from e. m. f. Measurements on Cells with Transference (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Chloride at Temperatures from 15-45° from e. m. f. Measurements on Cells with TransferenceG. J. Janz and A. R. GordonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 2, 218–221Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1943https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01242a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (404 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nocilla Model Parameters Obtained from Forces Exerted on Surfaces by Molecular Beams (1997)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.