gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF THE ULTRASONIC STRESSES IN A TRANSPARENT SOLID BY THE PHOTOELASTIC METHOD (1984)

A Photoelastic method for the measurement of the difference between principal stresses is applied to the measurement of a two dimensional ultrasonic stress. The stress of an ultrasonic plane progressive wave or cylindrical progressive wave at any point in a transparent solid can be determined.The method of the measu'rement and its principle is presented, including the derivation of the relation between the principal stresses difference and the principal stresses for plane or cylindrical progressive wave. A practical example of measurement is described, its results being compared with those of an electrical method.
Complex EUV imaging reflectometry: spatially resolved 3D composition determination and dopant profiling with a tabletop 13nm source (2018)

With increasingly 3D devices becoming the norm, there is a growing need in the semiconductor industry and in materials science for high spatial resolution, non-destructive metrology techniques capable of determining depth-dependent composition information on devices. We present a solution to this problem using ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) implemented using a commercially available, tabletop 13 nm source. We present the design, simulations, and preliminary results from our new complex EUV imaging reflectometer, which uses coherent 13 nm light produced by tabletop high harmonic generation. This tool is capable of determining spatially-resolved composition vs. depth profiles for samples by recording ptychographic images at multiple incidence angles. By harnessing phase measurements, we can locally and nondestructively determine quantities such as device and thin film layer thicknesses, surface roughness, interface quality, and dopant concentration profiles. Using this advanced imaging reflectometer, we can quantitatively characterize materials-sciencerelevant and industry-relevant nanostructures for a wide variety of applications, spanning from defect and overlay metrology to the development and optimization of nano-enhanced thermoelectric or spintronic devices.
Mass Spectrometry: Review of Current Interesting Trends (2011)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an indispensable tool in modern chemical laboratories. This review summarizes some of recent developments in the field. It specifically emphasizes ambient ionization, high resolution MS, MS imaging, miniaturization, fragmentation techniques, ion-surface interactions, ion mobility spectrometry and MS techniques in structural biology.
Mechanism for microbial population collapse in a fluctuating resource environment (2017)

Managing trade-offs through gene regulation is believed to confer resilience to a microbial community in a fluctuating resource environment. To investigate this hypothesis, we imposed a fluctuating environment that required the sulfate-reducer <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i> to undergo repeated ecologically relevant shifts between retaining metabolic independence (active capacity for sulfate respiration) and becoming metabolically specialized to a mutualistic association with the hydrogen-consuming <i>Methanococcus maripaludis</i> Strikingly, the microbial community became progressively less proficient at restoring the environmentally relevant physiological state after each perturbation and most cultures collapsed within 3-7 shifts. Counterintuitively, the collapse phenomenon was prevented by a single regulatory mutation. We have characterized the mechanism for collapse by conducting RNA-seq analysis, proteomics, microcalorimetry, and single-cell transcriptome analysis. We demonstrate that the collapse was caused by conditional gene regulation, which drove precipitous decline in intracellular abundance of essential transcripts and proteins, imposing greater energetic burden of regulation to restore function in a fluctuating environment.
Stability of tuna trypsin‐loaded alginate‐chitosan beads in acidic stomach fluid and the release of active enzyme in a simulated intestinal tract environment (2020)

Encapsulation properties of trypsin from tonggol tuna (Thunnus tonggol) spleen using different materials including alginate (AG), low and high molecular weight chitosan (LC and HC, respectively), and soy lecithin (SL) were studied. The highest encapsulation efficiency and greatest relative activity were found in AG/LC beads after simulated gastric phase (p < .05). AG/LC encapsulated trypsin was used in simulated in vitro gastrointestinal tract for hydrolysis of sodium caseinate, soy protein isolate and fish mince, in which all protein samples were hydrolyzed as indicated by the increased α-amino group content (p < .05). Higher degradation was attained when beads containing trypsin were added. When AG/LC beads packed in blister pack were stored for 8 weeks at refrigerated temperature, a 26% decrease in activity occurred. Therefore, encapsulated tonggol tuna spleen trypsin can be prepared using AG/LC to withstand structural breakdown in stomach, but be released as an active protease within intestinal tract. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Spleen from tonggol tuna is a by-product, which can be used as a source of trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme. The trypsin that was encapsulated within alginate and low molecular weight chitosan beads was released in the intestinal phase and was retained proteolytic activity. Therefore, this encapsulated trypsin can be packaged in capsules and taken as a supplement to aid protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, especially for people that need such digestive aids.
Homolog of tocopherol C methyltransferases catalyzes N methylation in anticancer alkaloid biosynthesis (2010)

Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, bisindole alkaloids derived from the dimerization of the terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine. Full elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds is a prerequisite for metabolic engineering efforts that will improve production of these costly molecules. However, despite the medical and commercial importance of these natural products, the biosynthetic pathways remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification and characterization of a C. roseus cDNA encoding an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent N methyltransferase that catalyzes a nitrogen methylation involved in vindoline biosynthesis. Recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli is highly substrate specific, displaying a strict requirement for a 2,3-dihydro bond in the aspidosperma skeleton. The corresponding gene transcript is induced in methyl jasmonate-elicited seedlings, along with the other known vindoline biosynthetic transcripts. Intriguingly, this unique N methyltransferase is most similar at the amino acid level to the plastidic γ-tocopherol C methyltransferases of vitamin E biosynthesis, suggesting an evolutionary link between these two functionally disparate methyltransferases.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HINDERED ARYL FLUOROSULFATES (1980)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Phenole (I) mit n‐Butyllithjum (II) und SO 2 F 2 erhält man die Fluorsulfonsäurearylester (III) in hohen Ausbeuten.
Decoloration par Nanofiltration d'effluents Contenant Des Encres Pour Stylos: Etude et Qualification du Procede – Mise en Oeuvre Industrielle Decoloration by Nanofiltration of Effluents Containing Fountain-Pen Inks: Pilot Scale Qualification - Industrial Assessment (2000)

The study deals with the treatment, by nanofiltration, of effluents generated after rinsing the vats used for the manufacture of inks (pen cartridges). The first part of the study (bibliographical) shows that membrane processes are operational in different industrial areas for the decoloration of effluents but the number of nanofiltration plants is still limited. In the second part (experimental) two tubular organic membranes (Koch-Weizmann MPT20 an MPT31), selected according to their molecular weight cut-off (450 dalton) and their resistance to solvents and acid solutions, are performed and compared. The study shows that performances (i.e. permeation flux and retention rate) of MPT20 membrane are linked noticeably to hydrodynamic parameters (pressure, velocity). Furthermore, for the two membranes tested the transport mechanism across the medium is typically diffusional. The studies, at the laboratory scale, conducted for a first time at constant solute concentration thereafter in a ‘concentration mode’, were followed by pre-industrial and long-term runs. The 3 weeks continuous experiments were found to be indispensable for the selection of the most suited membrane. Finally, the MPT31 membrane exhibited the best performances (no drift in flux nor alteration of selectivity with time). Under the operating conditions – 25×105 Pa, 2.5 m.s−1, 30 °C – the following performances were obtained: flux 41 l h−1 m2, decoloration > 99 %, COD divided by 4, volumic reduction > 10, easy cleaning. This study has allowed the design and economical evaluation of an industrial equipment (running in France since February 1997) which is probably the first nanofiltration plant for this type of application in Europe.
VLSI implementation of a wide band, high dynamic range digital drop receiver (1991)

The authors discuss the VLSI implementation of a wideband high-dynamic-range digital drop receiver (DDR) in a three-chip set. The chip set is composed of one numerically controlled oscillator/modulator (NCOM) followed by two decimating digital filters (DDFs). A 16 bit real or 32 bit complex sampled data sequence is input into the NCOM at up to 33 megasamples per second. The NCOM performs a tunable complex down-conversion with greater than 90 dB of spurious-free dynamic range and 0.007 Hz accuracy. The real and imaginary output of the NCOM are each sent to a DDF where they are low-pass-filtered with a stop-band attenuation of up to 120 dB and decimated by up to a factor of 16384. The filter characteristics are fully programmable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Determination of the Operating Envelope for a Direct Fired Fuel Cell Turbine Hybrid Using Hardware Based Simulation (2009)

The operating range of a direct fired solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid with bypass control of cathode airflow was determined using a hardware-based simulation facility designed and built by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Three methods of cathode airflow management using bypass valves in a hybrid power system were evaluated over the maximum range of operation. The cathode air flow was varied independently over the full range of operation of each bypass valve. Each operating point was taken at a steady state condition and was matched to the thermal, pressure and flow output of a corresponding fuel cell operation condition. Turbine electric load was also varied so that the maximum range of fuel cell operation could be studied, and a preliminary operating map could be made. Results are presented to show operating envelopes in terms of cathode air flow, fuel cell and turbine load, and compressor surge margin to be substantial.
A Physical Insight into Complex-Source Beam Diffraction by a Wedge (2018)

An extension of the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) has been recently proposed to analyze Complex-Source Beam (CSB) diffraction by a perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) wedge. In the context of high-frequency techniques, the proposed simple and compact solution has been written in terms of incident, reflected and diffracted contributions, so that it can be directly applied to calculate the scattering from more complex geometries with edges. The purpose of this paper is to show the accuracy of the above approach through comparisons with a rigorous solution obtained by a multipole expansion of the scattered field. A physical insight into the involved phenomena is also gained.
Vol.39 (2018) (2018)

Revista de Derecho, Vol. 39, Nº 1, Año 2018
Review and Outlook of Subsurface Acid Gas Disposal (2009)

Abstract Acid gas primarily is a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and is a byproduct of the sweetening of natural gas. Acid gas injection (AGI), an environmentally friendly method of dealing with the acid gas, is basically the compression of a low-pressure stream to sufficient pressure to achieve injection. The fluid is transported via pipeline to an injection well where it travels downward into a selected injection reservoir. AGI is a mature technology on a small scale (less than 283×103 SmVd [10 MMSCFD] of injected fluid). In addition there are a few injection schemes on a medium scale (less than 2125×103 SmVd [75 MMSCFD]). Some producers are now considering injection on a larger scale (greater than 2125×103 Sm3/d [75 MMSCFD]). Many of the principles used to design the small and medium sized injection schemes can be transferred to the larger schemes. However the larger injection schemes pose new challenges. In this paper the state of the art for AGI is reviewed. The main difference between the current injection schemes and some of those proposed is the volume of fluid to be injected. Some of the newer projects are suggesting the injection of significantly larger volumes than are currently being injected. Some of the differences between the small and large-scale injection schemes are discussed. The main focus of this paper is on the surface facilities, but wells and the injection reservoir are also discussed.
Exploiting shape effects of La2O3 nanocatalysts for oxidative coupling of methane reaction (2013)

High activity towards oxidative coupling of methane and high selectivity for C2 hydrocarbons could be achieved over La2O3 nanorods with a large surface area, strong surface basic sites, electron deficient surface oxygen species and defined surface structure compared with La2O3 nanoparticles at low temperature.
“it's a generally exhausting field” A Large-Scale Study of Security Incident Management Workflows and Pain Points (2019)

Security incident management is of increasing importance given the growth in cybersecurity threats and regulatory attention. We provide what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale study of security incident management, consisting of a survey with more than 500 security incident management practitioners grounded by interviews with practitioners in 10 organizations, including companies and educational institutions. We find that some aspects of incident management workftows are consistent across organizations and incident management teams (e.g., collaboration and prioritization), but that the complexity of incident management generally grows with organization size, in that practitioners encounter a wider variety and volume of incidents, collaboration partners and tools. These variations suggest several ways in which tools can better support efficient incident management.
Double stimuli‐responsive perforated lamellar structure formed by linear ABC triblock terpolymer monoliths (2022)

Abstract Amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) thick films with stimuli‐responsive pores are promising candidates for the manufacturing of next‐generation ultrafiltration (UF) membranes since their smart nanochannels facilitates the removal of fouling which is considered as one of the biggest challenges in membrane technology. In this work, a well‐defined polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)‐ block ‐poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PS‐ b ‐P2VP‐ b ‐PNIPAM) terpolymer was prepared for the first time via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The combination of the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation process with a solvent vapor annealing treatment was used to produce nanostructured pH‐ and thermo‐double sensitive ABC‐type BCP thick films. Here, the NIPS‐made PS‐ b ‐P2VP‐ b ‐PNIPAM thick film, comprising a microporous spinodal‐type network substructure, topped by a dense thin layer of poorly defined nanopores is transformed into a monolith entirely composed of a well‐ordered perforated lamellar (PL) phase upon exposure to a chloroform vapor during 6 h. Such kind of PL‐structured monoliths, showing a permeance value as high as 18 L h −1 m −2 bar −1 at 46°C and pH = 7 with an excellent temperature cyclability, are highly desired to manufacture smart separation‐based UF materials able to transit their pore state from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (and vice versa), thereby leading to much more efficient detachment of foulants during the cleaning process.
Advances in proteomics data analysis and display using an accurate mass and time tag approach (2006)

Proteomics has recently demonstrated utility for increasing the understanding of cellular processes on the molecular level as a component of systems biology approaches and for identifying potential biomarkers of various disease states. The large amount of data generated by utilizing high efficiency (e.g., chromatographic) separations coupled with high mass accuracy mass spectrometry for high-throughput proteomics analyses presents challenges related to data processing, analysis, and display. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoLC-FTICR-MS-based proteomics approaches and the accompanying data processing tools that have been developed to display and interpret the large volumes of data being produced.
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Fluid Lipid Bilayers Tethered to Solid Supports (1998)

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been developed to monitor the tethering of phospholipid bilayers to gold-coated, ZnSe crystals. Bilayer attachment has been accomplished by fusing lipid vesicles onto a self-assembled monolayer comprised of a mixture of 2-mercaptoethanol (EO1) and a hexaethyleneoxythiol derivative of cholesterol (EO6C). The cholesteryl moieties penetrate into the lower leaflet of the bilayer and serve to “anchor” the bilayer to the solid support. For fractional surface area coverage of EO6C < 0.24, no lipid adsorption was detected, while for higher EO6C coverages, bilayers are formed with the outer and inner leaflets comprised, respectively, of pure lipid and the complementary lipid/cholesteryl mixture. From a thermodynamic analysis of this result we conclude that the initial step in bilayer self-assembly onto the surface is adsorption and rupture of a single lipid vesicle. The frequencies of the lipid CH2 stretching vibrations are characteristic of a fluid liquid-crystalline bilayer.
Phase I results of a phase I/II trial of BNC105P with everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients previously treated with VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (2012)

4603 Background: BNC105P is an investigational agent that destabilizes tubulin polymers leading to selective damage of tumor vasculature, causing disruption of blood flow to tumors, hypoxia and associated tumor necrosis. BNC105P also has a direct anti-proliferative action on cancer cells. Preclinical investigations have demonstrated that BNC105P is effective at selectively damaging the vasculature in both primary and metastatic lesions. Up regulation of the mTOR pathway has been identified as a survival response by the tumor to hypoxic insult. It follows that the combined use of BNC105P with an agent active against mTOR may improve clinical outcome in patients with progressive mRCC who are refractory to VEGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Methods: A phase I/II study in mRCC patients who have received 1-2 prior TKIs was undertaken. Using a classic 3+3 design, the phase I component of this study enrolled 12 subjects at 4 dose levels of BNC105P (4.2, 8.4, 12.6, 16 mg/m 2 ; IV infusion Days 1 and 8, 21-day repeating cycle). Everolimus was administered concurrently (10 mg p.o.). PK analysis was performed during Cycle 1. Results: The phase I component has been completed. The BNC105P / everolimus combination was well tolerated. No DLTs (drug-related, during cycle 1) were observed in any of the phase I subjects. Toxicities on study deemed to be drug-related (either single agent or combination) included single grade 3 events of anemia and pericardial effusion. Grade 2 events (more than 1 occurrence) of fatigue, anemia and oral mucositis were also observed. Seven phase I subjects achieved at least disease stabilization with a minimum time on therapy of 18 weeks (6 cycles). Across all subjects a median of 6 cycles (range: 1-15) was administered. PK analysis confirmed no drug-drug interaction. The randomized phase II component of the study continues and will compare everolimus given in combination with BNC105P to a sequential approach (everolimus followed by BNC105P). Conclusions: The MTD of BNC105P (16 mg/m 2 ) can be combined with full dose everolimus and is being evaluated in the randomized phase II study.
Membrane Flow Revisited (1997)

iving cells are defined by their limiting membrane, known as the cell surface membrane or plasma membrane. Without exception, plasma membranes contain myriad lipid and protein molecules that are synthesized and assembled within the interior of the cell, primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The general outlines of the pathway that proteins and lipids follow as they are translocated from their sites of synthesis and assembly within the cell to the cell surface were elucidated from several decades of pioneering studies that culminated in those of Palade and colleagues (Palade 1975). Proteins destined for export are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. From there, these proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are packaged into secretion granules that detach from the Golgi apparatus and migrate to the cell surface. Secretion granules then fuse with the plasma membrane, discharging their contents to the exterior compartment. Several considerations suggested that anterograde (forward) transport of membrane material probably parallels the movement of secretory proteins toward the cell surface. First,
Dynamic Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Uptake of Intercalating Model Drugs by Ultrasound-Activated Microbubbles (2017)

These data show that the temporal behavior of intracellular SYTOX Green fluorescence enhancement depends substantially on nuclear accumulation and not just on cellular uptake. In addition, it is strongly influenced by the experimental conditions, such as the laser duty cycle, SYTOX Green concentration, and cell line.