gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract A70: Mast cells in prostate cancer race disparities: Are the minutemen of the microenvironment the key? (2015)

Abstract The goal of the current study is to establish the mechanism by which mast cells may serve as a prognostic factor in and possibly explain the racial disparity associated with prostate cancer. There is increasing evidence for a strong association between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer, and the role of mast cells in prostate cancer are of particular interest as they have been suggested to influence cancer progression and immune modulation. It is well established that prostate cancer presents with significant racial disparities, with African American (AA) men being 65% more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than Caucasian American (CA) men and more than two times as likely to die as a result of prostate cancer. In addition, studies have shown AA men to be significantly more likely to present with inflammation in prostate biopsy samples negative for prostate cancer, while microarray data has suggested that inflammatory pathways are highly represented in the differentially expressed mRNA in the tumors of AA vs CA men. Complicating these results, it is probable that inflammatory cells play varied and multiple roles in different regions and grades within the same cancer. With this in mind, we are currently using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridization techniques to directly visualize and localize mast cells in the prostate microenvironment. These studies are aided by novel digital image analysis using a software framework integrating whole slide imaging, virtual microscopy, and ImageJ based analysis algorithms. Our preliminary results in a 10 case tissue microarray (TMA) are consistent with other reports in the literature indicating that there are higher mast cell densities in better differentiated cancers; however, we are examining this further in a larger full slide cohort in relation to Gleason grade and stage. We are currently utilizing this image analysis technology on a TMA cohort designed to explore differences in mast cell density in AA vs CA men. Furthermore, we aim to examine differences in mast cell subtypes between benign and malignant regions of the prostate and between AA and CA men. Our goal is to establish the mechanism by which mast cells may serve as a prognostic factor in prostate cancer and may help to explain prostate cancer racial disparities. Citation Format: Heidi A. Hempel, Ibrahim Kulac, Nathan S. Cuka, Toby C. Cornish, Angelo M. De Marzo, Karen S. Sfanos. Mast cells in prostate cancer race disparities: Are the minutemen of the microenvironment the key? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A70.
Infrared absorption spectrum of liquid cryogen R-134a (2004)

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is an effective method to minimize epidermal damage during laser treatment of various cutaneous anomalies such as port wine stains, excess hair, and facial rhytides. Radiometric temperature measurements provide a noninvasive method to estimate the skin surface temperature. Since the infrared absorption spectrum of the cryogen film has remained unknown, assumptions for those values may lead to inaccurate temperature estimations. We have constructed several high-pressure infrared transparent cuvettes to determine the absorption coefficient of room temperature R-134a in liquid phase using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in the 2.5 - 14 &mu;m spectral bandwidth. Results demonstrate that liquid R-134a has several absorption bands in the infrared, with those between 7 - 10.5 and 11.5 - 12.5 &mu;m being the most prominent. Additionally, the absorption coefficient at two common radiometric bands, 3 - 5 and 7 - 11 &mu;m differ by four orders of magnitude. Results of this study will lead to further improvements in interpreting radiometric temperature measurements when using CSC.
Are we entering a new era in melanoma treatment? Lesson from ASCO 2011 (2011)

Medical Oncology Department, AP-HP, Salpêtrière Hospital, University of Pierre & Marie Curie Paris, boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France Correspondence to Dr Roger Mouawad, PhD, Laboratory of the Medical Oncology Department, Pitie-Salpêtriére Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 42 16 04 83; Fax: +33 1 43 36 48 41; e-mail: [email protected] Received August 2, 2011 Accepted August 8, 2011
Introduction to Information Retrieval (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Design considerations for a 48 V fuel cell to split single phase inverter system with ultracapacitor energy storage (2003)

Fuel cells are a versatile, renewable energy source that can be used in a wide range of applications. In this paper, topologies for a 10 kW inverter system with a low voltage fuel cell input are evaluated based on simplicity, performance, and cost. This particular fuel cell system is intended for household stand-alone power generation. The inverter proposed has a nominal fuel cell input of 48 VDC and is capable of two single phase 120 VAC outputs and one 240 Vac output. Different topology options are explored for the DC-DC converter and the inverter stages, and one combination is evaluated in detail. There is a clear topological choice for the DC-DC converter, but there are a couple of options that work well for the inverter stage. Different choices for energy storage also exist and a good alternative to batteries is presented. The chosen topology contains two modular units, which are supplemented with a set of ultracapacitors at the input for transient conditions. Each module consists of a full-bridge phase-shifted front-end and a half-bridge inverter. Experimental results are displayed for several load conditions.
Reprogram to pluripotency: a new logic and a chemical cocktail (2013)

Somatic cells from animals and humans can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells by pluripotency factors. Hongkui Deng and colleagues discovered that pluripotency can also be induced with exogenous lineage specifiers via balancing competing differentiation forces. In a related study they achieved, for the first time, restoration of pluripotency in adult somatic cells using a chemical cocktail alone.
Pyogenic granuloma mimicking peripheral dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumour recurrence: case report and meta‐analytic literature update (2013)

Abstract Peripheral (extraosseous) dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, representing less than 1% of all odontogenic tumours. Only 28 cases (including the present report) are described in literature: the majority of patients (89%) are over 40 years of age (mean: 59.1 ± 20.5 years) and 63% are male. Seventy‐three per cent are located in the mandible, and anterior jaw regions are most commonly affected (74%). Erosion of the underlying bone can be observed in 53% radiographically. The present case report describes a recurrent swelling after excisional biopsy of a peripheral dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumour in the anterior maxilla of a 78‐year‐old male patient mimicking tumour recurrence. Histopathological examination of the second biopsy, however, revealed no evidence of ghost‐cell tumour recurrence but development of a pyogenic granuloma. In contrast to central dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumours, there is no evidence of recurrence of peripheral dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumours in literature to date.
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster fosters B and T cell responses in immunocompromised patients (2022)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has proven effective in inducing an immune response in healthy individuals and is progressively allowing to overcome the pandemic. Recent evidence has shown that response to vaccination in some vulnerable patients may be diminished, and it has been proposed a booster dose. We tested the kinetic of development of serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, their neutralizing capacity, the CD4 and CD8 IFN-γ T cell response in 328 subjects, including 131 immunocompromised individuals (cancer, rheumatologic, and hemodialysis patients), 160 healthcare workers (HCW) and 37 subjects older than 75 yo, after vaccination with two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We stratified the patients according to the type of treatment. We found that immunocompromised patients, depending on the type of treatment, poorly respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose of vaccine induced a good immune response in almost all of the patients except those receiving anti-CD20 antibody. Similarly to HCW, previously infected and vaccinated immunocompromised individuals demonstrate a stronger SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response than those who are vaccinated without prior infection. Summary blurb Immunocompromised patients poorly respond to two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose elicits a strong humoral and cellular immune response in these subjects.
X-Ray and molecular dynamics studies of concanavalin-A glucoside and mannoside complexes Relating structure to thermodynamics of binding (1998)

Crystallographic and computational methods have been used to study the binding of two monosaccharides (glucoside and mannoside) to concanavalin-A. The 2 Å structure of glucoside bound concanavalin-A is reported and compared with the 2 Å structure of the mannoside complex. The interaction energies of the substrate in each crystallographic subunit were calculated by molecular mechanics and found to be essentially the same for both sugars. Further energy minimisation of the active site region of the subunits did not alter this conclusion. Information from crystallographic B-factors was interpreted in terms of mobility of the sugars in the combining site. Molecular dynamics (MD) was employed to investigate mobility of the ligands at the binding sites. Switching between different binding states was observed for mannoside over the ensemble in line with the crystallographic B-factors. A calculated average interaction energy was found to be more favourable for mannoside than glucoside, by 4.9±3.6 kcal mol-1 (comparable with the experimentally determined binding energy difference of 1.6±0.3 kcal mol-1). However, on consideration of all terms contributing to the binding enthalpy a difference is not found. This work demonstrates the difficulty in relating structure to thermodynamic properties, but suggests that dynamic models are needed to provide a more complete picture of ligand–receptor interactions.
The Diels–Alder Reaction of 4,6‐Dinitrobenzofuroxan with 1‐Trimethylsilyloxybuta‐1,3‐diene: A Case Example of a Stepwise Cycloaddition (2010)

The reaction of 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) with 1-trimethylsilyloxybuta-1,3-diene (8) is shown to afford a mixture of [2+4] diastereomeric cycloadducts (10, 11) through stepwise addition-cyclization pathways. Zwitterionic intermediate sigma-adduct 9, which is involved in the processes, has been successfully characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and UV/visible spectrophotometry in acetonitrile. A kinetic study has been carried out in this solvent that revealed that the rate of formation of 9 nicely fits the three-parameter equation log k=s(E+N) developed by Mayr to describe the feasibility of nucleophile-electrophile combinations. This significantly adds to the NMR spectroscopic evidence that the overall cycloadditions take place through a stepwise mechanism. The reaction has also been studied in dichloromethane and toluene. In these less polar solvents, the stability of 9 is not sufficient to allow direct characterization by spectroscopic methods, but a kinetic investigation supports the view that stepwise processes are still operating. An informative comparison of our reaction with previous interactions firmly identified as prototype stepwise cycloadditions is made on the basis of the global electrophilicity index, omega, defined by Parr within the density functional theory, and highlighted by Domingo et al. as a powerful tool for understanding Diels-Alder reactions.
A Field Trial of Mode-Division Multiplexing (2014)

We present results of the first field trial ever to include a component of MDM. The demonstrated scenarios all confirm the possibility for a partial upgrade of legacy systems to few-mode technology.
Multitask Motion Planning for Material Handling in Construction (1993)

This paper describes a proposed system, Multi‐Task Motion Planning (MTMP) for planning and modeling operations of large material‐handling equipment typically found in construction. The system will provide the capability to effectively plan conflicting multiple tasks to be performed concurrently and also provide a mechanism to directly output code to automate the overall process. MTMP aims at integrating structural dynamic behavior of the equipment at the path‐planning stage to resolve conflicts. A geometric/graphical approach is proposed that considers equipment constraints and degrees of freedom. The system is conceived within a three‐dimensional computer‐aided design (CAD) animation and simulation graphics package, which allows modeling of the environment and provides an interactive tool for motion planning. A capability to store motion variables for individual objects will allow for automatically generating code for automation. The system has been envisioned to meet the demand for automation to improve planning and operational safety in the construction industry. However, the underlying concepts can be useful for a variety of material‐handling operations and off‐line programming of robots.
Design and Realization of Embedded System in Dangerous Chemical Warehouse Monitoring System (2016)

Dangerous chemical storage warehouse is one of the important links in the production safety of chemical enterprises. It stores a lot of raw materials, intermediates, finished products, etc., which leading to dangerous chemical warehouse is the most dangerous place, besides most of the chemical raw materials are flammable, explosive, toxic or high voltage storage. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the state parameters of the raw materials and the surrounding environment of the warehouse. This paper mainly designs the embedded remote monitoring system for liquid ammonia reservoir area. The design adopts ARM processor and Linux system as the core, combined with automatic positioning technology, modern sensing technology, to real-time monitoring the chemical parameters such asstorage pressure, storage level, ammonia concentration, temperature and others of liquid ammonia reservoir. The research results are of great practical significance for the establishment of the remote monitoring system and the dangerous alarm mechanism in the scattered dangerous chemical reservoir area.
Can airborne ultrasound monitor bubble size in chocolate? (2014)

Aerated chocolate products consist of solid chocolate with the inclusion of bubbles and are a popular consumer product in many countries. The volume fraction and size distribution of the bubbles has an effect on their sensory properties and manufacturing cost. For these reasons it is important to have an online real time process monitoring system capable of measuring their bubble size distribution. As these products are eaten by consumers it is desirable that the monitoring system is non contact to avoid food contaminations. In this work we assess the feasibility of using an airborne ultrasound system to monitor the bubble size distribution in aerated chocolate bars. The experimental results from the airborne acoustic experiments were compared with theoretical results for known bubble size distributions using COMSOL Multiphysics. This combined experimental and theoretical approach is used to develop a greater understanding of how ultrasound propagates through aerated chocolate and to assess the feasibility of using airborne ultrasound to monitor bubble size distribution in these systems. The results indicated that a smaller bubble size distribution would result in an increase in attenuation through the product.
Products of Creatinine with Hydroxyl Radical as a Useful Marker of Oxidative Stress In Vivo (2003)

Methylguanidine (MG) was first discovered in the serum and urine of uremic patients (). Increased synthesis of MG and its toxicity has been implicated as a potent uremic toxin ().
InVivoMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measurement ofDeoxymyoglobin During Exercise inPatients WithHeartFailure Demonstration ofAbnormal MuscleMetabolism Despite Adequate Oxygenation (1994)

summary, the results of this study suggest thatsmall-muscle mass exercisein patients withheartfailureis not limited by severe tissue hypoxia. The metabolicabnormalities previously noted in these patients do not result from inadequate 02 delivery, but from inade- quate 02 utilization by mitochondria. The mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Reduced mito- chondrial content from deconditioning will decrease therate of aerobic metabolism. Recently, it has been dem- onstrated that skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalitiesin patients with heart failure can be improved with training, though whetherthese changes can be reversed fully remains unclear.47 The majority of patients who had deoxymyoglobin signal had Class II CHF. More- over, there was a tendency for healthy subjects to have an increased prevalence of deoxymyoglobin signal. In- creased mitochondrial content or more normal mito- chondrial function in these subjects may permit more optimal utilization of available 02 stores. Decreased
Velocity analysis using nonhyperbolic moveout in transversely isotropic media (1997)

Abstract P-wave reflections from horizontal interfaces in transversely isotropic (TI) media have nonhyperbolic moveout. It has been shown that such moveout as well as all time-related processing in TI media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI media) depends on only two parameters, Vnmo and η. These two parameters can be estimated from the dip-moveout behavior of P-wave surface seismic data. Alternatively, one could use the nonhyperbolic moveout for parameter estimation. The quality of resulting estimates depends largely on the departure of the moveout from hyperbolic and its sensitivity to the estimated parameters. The size of the nonhyperbolic moveout in TI media is dependent primarily on the anisotropy parameter η. An “effective” version of this parameter provides a useful measure of the nonhyperbolic moveout even in v(z) isotropic media. Moreover, effective η, ηeff, is used to show that the nonhyperbolic moveout associated with typical TI media (e.g., shales, with η ≃ 0.1) is larger than that associated with typical v(z) isotropic media. The departure of the moveout from hyperbolic is increased when typical anisotropy is combined with vertical heterogeneity. Larger offset-to-depth ratios (X/D) provide more nonhyperbolic information and, therefore, increased stability and resolution in the inversion for ηeff. The X/D values (e.g., X/D &amp;gt; 1.5) needed for obtaining stability and resolution are within conventional acquisition limits, especially for shallow targets. Although estimation of η using nonhyperbolic moveouts is not as stable as using the dip-moveout method of Alkhalifah and Tsvankin, particularly in the absence of large offsets, it does offer some flexibility. It can be applied in the absence of dipping reflectors and also may be used to estimate lateral η variations. Application of the nonhyperbolic inversion to data from offshore Africa demonstrates its usefulness, especially in estimating lateral and vertical variations in η.
MYOFIBROBLASTS AND FREE SILICON AROUND BREAST IMPLANTS (1978)

Fibrous tissue capsules, from around silicone breast implants, were examined by light microscopy, and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the latter combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Contractile fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) were found in most of these fibrous capsules, and especially in those recently formed or manipulated. The element silicon was positively identified by X-ray analysis in half the tissue specimens. This material was found only around gel-filled implants. In the specimens studied, the clinical hardness of the breast was unrelated to the presence of silicon in the capsule.
Reviewin cancer therapy: a novel experimental strategy (2010)

Resistance to conventional anticancer therapies in patients with advanced solid tumors has prompted the need of alternative cancer therapies. Moreover, the success of novel cancer therapies depends on their selectivity for cancer cells with limited toxicity to normal tissues. Several decades after Coley's work a variety of natural and genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are being explored as potential antitumor agents, either to provide direct tumoricidal effects or to deliver tumoricidal molecules. Live, attenuated or genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are capable of multiplying selectively in tumors and inhibiting their growth. Due to their selectivity for tumor tissues, these bacteria and their spores also serve as ideal vectors for delivering therapeutic proteins to tumors. Bacterial toxins too have emerged as promising cancer treatment strategy. The most potential and promising strategy is bacteria based gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Although it has shown successful results in vivo yet further investigation about the targeting mechanisms of the bacteria are required to make it a complete therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
Real-time imaging of type III secretion: Salmonella SipA injection into host cells (2005)

Many pathogenic and symbiotic Gram-negative bacteria employ type III secretion systems to inject "effector" proteins into eukaryotic host cells. These effectors manipulate signaling pathways to initiate symbiosis or disease. By using time-lapse microscopy, we have imaged delivery of the Salmonella type III effector protein SipA/SspA into animal cells in real time. SipA delivery mostly began 10-90 sec after docking and proceeded for 100-600 sec until the bacterial SipA pool (6 +/- 3 x 10(3) molecules) was exhausted. Similar observations were made for the effector protein SopE. This visualization of type III secretion in real time explains the efficiency of host cell manipulation by means of this virulence system.