gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finding behavioural anomalies in public areas using video surveillance data (2008)

In this paper we propose an approach for detecting anomalies in data from visual surveillance sensors. The approach includes creating a structure for representing data, building ldquonormal modelsrdquo by filling the structure with data for the situation at hand, and finally detecting deviations in the data. The approach allows detections based on the incorporation of a priori knowledge about the situation and on data-driven analysis. The main advantages with the approach compared to earlier work is the low computational requirements, iterative update of normal models and a high explainability of found anomalies. The proposed approach is evaluated off-line using real-world data and the results support that the approach could be used to detect anomalies in real-time applications.
Pachymetric mapping with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (2010)

Pachymetric mapping with Fourier-domain OCT was highly repeatable. Repeatability was better with pupil-centered scans than with corneal vertex-centered scans. Ultrasound pachymetry, Fourier-domain OCT, and scanning-slit tomography should not be used interchangeably for CCT assessment.
Very large giant magnetoresistance of spin valves with specularly reflective oxide layers (2003)

We developed a spin valve with oxide specular layers that shows a giant magnetoresistance value of 20%. The spin valve also showed an exchange bias field of over 1000 Oe. The giant magnetoresistance was mainly due to an increase in the sheet resistance change and resulted from additional specular reflection at the interface of the free layer. The method we used was to modify specularly reflective oxide layers of the free and the capping layers.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) with oxaliplatin (O), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), and folinic acid (FA) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or biliary tract carcinoma (BTC): A phase II study (2008)

15562 Background: There is no standard chemotherapy for unresectable BTC. The same was true for HCC prior to sorafenib. Both cancers show similar median survival times (8 to 10 months). Because tumour growth in these patients (pts) is often restricted to liver HAI may be effective. Methods: By end of december 2007 20 consecutive pts with a minimal follow up of 28 months and histologically confirmed advanced inoperable HCC (n=11) or BTC (n=9) without relevant distant metastases received HAI with 5FU 600 mg/mq/2h together with FA 170 mg/mq/2h followed by O 85 mg/mq/2h, d1 every 2 weeks using catheters placed interventionally in the a. hepatica via a. femoralis and connected to port chambers until disease progression or port complication. Median age was 66 years (range 43–76). 10 pts (5 BTC/ 5 HCC) prior underwent partial liver resections for their primary cancer. Pts were followed prospectively with regard to port complications, response rate, TTP and OS. Results: Chemotherapy was well tolerated. Median treatment duration was 3.7 months (0.5 - 44.7), 3.7 (0.6 - 22.2) for BTC and 3.7 (0.5 - 44.7) for HCC. End of treatment was due to tumour progression in 10 pts and port complication in 3 pts (1 thrombosis/infection, 1 thrombosis/dislocation and 1 abscess) preceding PD. Median TTP was 5.8 months (0.5 - 44.7), 11.6 (0.6 - 37.8) for BTC and 3.5 (0.5 - 44.7) for HCC. 4 pts developed intra-hepatic progression (3 BTC/ 1 HCC), 3 showed new extra-hepatic metastasis (2/1) and 3 both (1/2). Median OS was 11.7 months (range 0.8 - 44.7+), 16.4 (1.6 - 37.8+) for BTC and 5.4 (0.8 - 44.7+) for HCC. 1y, 2y and 3y-survival was 55% (27.3% HCC, 77.8% BTC), 30% (15, 15) and 15% (10, 5), respectively. Conclusions: Prolonged HAI chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and folinic acid was feasible and well tolerated. It is a promising treatment approach in pts with BTC restricted to the liver and in HCC when sorafenib is not tolerated. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen, Bayer, Hoffmann-La Roche, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis
Stability of signals generated with a dual-frequency laser and a UTC photodiode up to 700 GHz (2012)

Low phase noise and tunable THz-signals from 300 GHz to 1 THz are obtained with a combination of a unitravelling carrier photodiode and a solid-state dual-frequency laser at 1.5 μm. The spectral purity is precisely characterized. Phase noises as low as -20 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset from the carrier frequency and an Allan deviation of 3·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> on 100 s are obtained.
Integrated Multi-omic Framework of the Plant Response to Jasmonic Acid (2019)

Abstract Understanding the systems-level actions of transcriptional responses to hormones provides insight into how the genome is reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we investigate the signaling pathway of the hormone jasmonic acid (JA), which controls a plethora of critically important processes in plants and is orchestrated by the transcription factor MYC2 and its closest relatives in Arabidopsis thaliana. We generated an integrated framework of the response to JA that spans from the activity of master and secondary-regulatory transcription factors, through gene expression outputs and alternative splicing to protein abundance changes, protein phosphorylation and chromatin remodeling. We integrated time series transcriptome analysis with (phospho)proteomic data to reconstruct gene regulatory network models. These enable us to predict previously unknown points of crosstalk from JA to other signaling pathways and to identify new components of the JA regulatory mechanism, which we validated through targeted mutant analysis. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how a plant hormone remodels cellular functions and plant behavior, the general principles of which provide a framework for analysis of cross-regulation between other hormone and stress signaling pathways.
Dual Targeting of EGFR and MTOR Pathways Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

Glioblastoma's (GBM) aggressive growth is driven by redundant activation of a myriad of signaling pathways and genomic alterations in tyrosine kinase receptors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>), which is altered in over 50% of cases. Single agents targeting EGFR have not proven effective against GBM. In this study, we aimed to identify an effective anti-tumor regimen using pharmacogenomic testing of patient-derived GBM samples, in culture and in vivo. High-throughput pharmacological screens of ten EGFR-driven GBM samples identified the combination of erlotinib (EGFRi) and MLN0128 (a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, or MTORi) as the most effective at inhibiting tumor cell viability. The anti-tumor activity of erlonitib+MLN0128 was synergistic and produced inhibition of the p-EGFR, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in culture. Using an orthotopic murine model of GBM, we show that erlotinib+MLN0128 inhibited tumor growth in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Expression profiling of tumor tissues from treated mice revealed a unique gene signature induced by erlotinib+MLN0128, consisting of downregulation of immunosuppressive chemokines in the tumor microenvironment, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and periostin. Lower periostin levels resulted in the inhibition of Iba1+ (tumor-promoting) macrophage infiltration of GBM xenografts. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pharmacological co-targeting of EGFR and MTOR using clinically available drugs represents an effective treatment paradigm for EGFR-driven GBMs, acting both by inhibiting tumor cell growth and modulating the immune tumor microenvironment.
Data-Efficient Mutual Information Neural Estimator (2019)

Measuring Mutual Information (MI) between high-dimensional, continuous, random variables from observed samples has wide theoretical and practical applications. Recent work, MINE (Belghazi et al. 2018), focused on estimating tight variational lower bounds of MI using neural networks, but assumed unlimited supply of samples to prevent overfitting. In real world applications, data is not always available at a surplus. In this work, we focus on improving data efficiency and propose a Data-Efficient MINE Estimator (DEMINE), by developing a relaxed predictive MI lower bound that can be estimated at higher data efficiency by orders of magnitudes. The predictive MI lower bound also enables us to develop a new meta-learning approach using task augmentation, Meta-DEMINE, to improve generalization of the network and further boost estimation accuracy empirically. With improved data-efficiency, our estimators enables statistical testing of dependency at practical dataset sizes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our estimators on synthetic benchmarks and a real world fMRI data, with application of inter-subject correlation analysis.
Nanoparticle Induced Cell Magneto-Rotation for the Multiplexed Monitoring of Morphology, Stress and Drug Sensitivity of Suspended Single Cancer Cells. (2015)

The metastatic process of a cancer relies on the transformation of some of the primary tumor cells into cells capable of migrating through the Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM), surrounding the tumor, into the bloodstream and the lymph nodes, and then settle in distant tissue, growing new secondary tumors. By identifying, characterizing and quantifying these cells, the progression of cancer in a patient during therapy can be more accurately assessed. Here we describe the development of a new method for quantitative real time monitoring of cell size and morphology, on single live suspended cancer cells, unconfined in three dimensions. The enabling cell magnetorotation (CM) method is made possible by nanoparticle induced cell magnetization. Using a rotating magnetic field, the magnetically labeled cells are actively rotated, then imaged, using a high definition CCD camera. Under proper conditions, the rotation period of a magnetic object is proportional to its shape factor. We demonstrate first that the rotational period, when measured in real-time, can serve to track cellular response to drugs, cytotoxic agents and other chemical stimuli. In addition, while cells are rotated, they exhibit very specific morphological activities, even without a chemical stimulus. Described also is how to multiplex the CM method, to image several dozens to several thousands of cells simultaneously, and using morphology to classify cells into different phenotypic categories, with each phenotype being correlated with malignancy level. The intrinsic tumor heterogeneity, at the cellular level, can be visualized with relationship graphs. Shown is the ability to monitor cell morphological changes over long periods of time, in real time, in order to detect the metastatic potential for heterogeneous populations of cancer cells, using tools from statistical analysis methods. The method relies on unsupervised Machine Learning algorithms which do not require human inputs. Overall it is demonstrated that the CM method can be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the phenotypical heterogeneity in a cell population in general, and in a cancer cell population in particular. This fast and high throughput method promises to efficiently assess the efficacy of personalized therapeutic strategies.
Static state feedback control of asynchronous sequential machines (2016)

Static controllers, which consist of logical gates with no memory elements, form the simplest class of controllers for asynchronous sequential machines. This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of static state feedback controllers that control a given asynchronous sequential machine so as to match a specified model. The process of designing static state feedback controllers is described.
Measurement of third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility using four-wave mixing in a single-mode ridge waveguide (1990)

Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a single-mode ridge waveguide has been demonstrated as a technique for simultaneous measurement of the imaginary component and the absolute magnitude of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)). In the same experimenal apparatus, Im chi((3))(omega(2) = omega(1) + omega(2) - omega(1)) was obtained by measuring the pump-induced probe power loss and |chi((3))(omega(3) = omega(1) + omega(1) - omega(2))| was derived from Stokes wave generation efficiency. The ratio of these quantities was obtained without significant system uncertainties. The technique has been applied to AlGaAs/GaAs quantum-well waveguides with picosecond laser pulses. For homega(1) approximately homega(2) approximately 1.43 eV, it was found that Im chi((3)) = (6.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(-11) esu, |chi((3))| = (7.6 +/- 1.7) x 10(-11) esu with a system uncertainty of 25%, and Im chi((3))/|chi((3))| = 0.8 +/- 31%, indicating the dominance of two-photon absorption.
Thermal Inactivation of Glucose Oxidase (2003)

Thermal inactivation of glucose oxidase (GOD; beta-d-glucose: oxygen oxidoreductase), from Aspergillus niger, followed first order kinetics both in the absence and presence of additives. Additives such as lysozyme, NaCl, and K2SO4 increased the half-life of the enzyme by 3.5-, 33.4-, and 23.7-fold respectively, from its initial value at 60 degrees C. The activation energy increased from 60.3 kcal mol-1 to 72.9, 76.1, and 88.3 kcal mol-1, whereas the entropy of activation increased from 104 to 141, 147, and 184 cal x mol-1 x deg-1 in the presence of 7.1 x 10-5 m lysozyme, 1 m NaCl, and 0.2 m K2SO4, respectively. The thermal unfolding of GOD in the temperature range of 25-90 degrees C was studied using circular dichroism measurements at 222, 274, and 375 nm. Size exclusion chromatography was employed to follow the state of association of enzyme and dissociation of FAD from GOD. The midpoint for thermal inactivation of residual activity and the dissociation of FAD was 59 degrees C, whereas the corresponding midpoint for loss of secondary and tertiary structure was 62 degrees C. Dissociation of FAD from the holoenzyme was responsible for the thermal inactivation of GOD. The irreversible nature of inactivation was caused by a change in the state of association of apoenzyme. The dissociation of FAD resulted in the loss of secondary and tertiary structure, leading to the unfolding and nonspecific aggregation of the enzyme molecule because of hydrophobic interactions of side chains. This confirmed the critical role of FAD in structure and activity. Cysteine oxidation did not contribute to the nonspecific aggregation. The stabilization of enzyme by NaCl and lysozyme was primarily the result of charge neutralization. K2SO4 enhanced the thermal stability by primarily strengthening the hydrophobic interactions and made the holoenzyme a more compact dimeric structure.
Electronic Lamp Monitoring (1972)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In describing the electronic lamp monitoring system developed at Packard Electric Div. of General Motors Corp., this paper discusses the requirements of lamp monitoring systems, presents a brief history of such systems at Packard Electric, explains how the system functions, and details the method of assembling the system into General Motors automobiles.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The requirements for a lamp monitoring system are: it should be able to monitor all types of exterior lamps on the automobile, and the number of lamps must not be critical to design; it must be easy to assemble; it should be simple in design so that it can be repaired in the field with minimum training of personnel; it must be reliable and able to withstand the electrical and environmental conditions to which the vehicle is subjected; there should be minimal change from one car line to another and from one model year to another; and most importantly, the unit cost should be reasonable.&lt;/div&gt;
Protein engineering for targeted delivery of radionuclides to tumors (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, February 2010.
Preselection of donors to improve the quality of cryoprecipitate (1980)

Abstract In theory, the potency of cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor (cryo) can be increased by utilizing plasma only from donors with high levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity (fVIII c ). Previous reports have suggested that plasma of group O individuals has, on the average, less fVIII c than plasma from individuals of blood groups A, B, and AB. We have investigated the feasibility of increasing the potency of cryo by preselecting plasma for cryo production on the basis of the blood group of the donor. FVIII c levels of fresh plasma, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and cryo (prepared both by air‐thaw and water‐thaw methods) were assayed. The plasma, FFP, and cryo from group O donors contained only 75% of the fVIII c present in plasma from group A, group B, and group AB donors. Following infusion to patients with hemophilia, in vivo recovery and survival of fVIII c activity from groups A, B, and AB cryo reflected the higher in vitro levels. The mean potency of bags of cryo can be increased, and the cost of hemophilia treatment with cryo can be reduced by excluding group O plasma from the production of cryoprecipitate.
The Future of Next-Generation Sequencing in Neurology (2015)

This Viewpoint reports on the development of next-generation sequencing and its transformative capacity in health care, which stems in part from the synergism between translational research and clinical programs.
ANALYSIS OF TRIGGER MECHANISMS FOR SHOCK AND MULTI-ORGAN FAILURE: SELF-DIGESTION BY PANCREATIC DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND A NEW CLASS OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS (2004)

Department of Bioengineering. The Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of California San Diego California 92093-0412 †California Toxicology Research Institute Carlsbad, California 92009
Amplification of Millimeter-Wave Radiation by Stimulated Emission of Bremsstrahlung (1980)

Amplification of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation within the cathode region of a cold-cathode glow discharge is reported. A model based on stimulated emission of bremsstrahlung is suggested.Received 8 August 1980DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1787©1980 American Physical Society
Cyclic Ketimines as Superior Electrophiles for NHC-Catalyzed Homoenolate Additions with Broad Scope and Low Catalyst Loadings (2008)

Cyclic sulfonyl imines derived from ketones were identified as stable and readily prepared compounds that serve as superior electrophiles for N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulations with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes to afford highly substituted gamma-lactams. Their superior reactivity and properties are highlighted by the first example of NHC-catalyzed reactions of enals with low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %) and broad substrate scope encompassing alkyl, aryl, and heteroaromatic substituents. These findings and supporting studies suggest an alternative, ene-like mechanism rather than the catalytic generation of a catalyst-bound homoenolate equivalent.
Intergroup differentiation in computer-mediated communication: Effects of depersonalization. (2002)

Two studies examined intergroup discussions via computer-mediated communication systems. It was hypothesized that depersonalization, in comparison with individuated interaction, would increase the tendency for intergroup differentiation in attitudes and stereotypes, In Study 1, 24 groups communicated internationally over the Internet in a longitudinal design. Interacting groups, based in 2 different countries, were individuated versus partially unidentifiable, and thus depersonalized. Results indicate that depersonalized groups diverge, or bipolarize, when compared with individuated groups. A follow-up study demonstrated that under depersonalized conditions, individual differences are less salient, whereas group memberships are more salient. In addition, stereotypes were more salient in depersonalized conditions. Results support predictions derived from the social identity model of deindividuation effects.
Photothermal transducer based on ultrathin bimetal Si resonator (2007)

In this paper, we present a photothermal transducer consisted of an ultrathin Au/Si bimetal cantilever as a resonator with a total thickness of 45 nm and quality factor of ~12000. Due to the high quality factor and small size, this transducer is sensitive to photothermal effect and its thermal response frequency can be up to 140 kHz. It is demonstrated that the irradiation of weak laser can enhance the response of the transducer due to the nonlinear photothermal effect. The mechanical FM detection of modulated light is demonstrated using this bimetal transducer.
A digital hearing aid having a function of intonation emphasis (2002)

The digital hearing aid we designed can slow down speech without any pitch frequency change by using a digital signal processor. We have proved that the device is effective for the elderly sensorineural hearing impaired, especially when sentences are spoken rapidly. It also slows down pitch frequency changes, causing the intonation of the speech to become less pronounced. In this paper, we investigated the auditory characteristics of the hearing impaired regarding intonation distinction in order to improve our digital hearing aid. From the results of the auditory tests, it was found that most of the sensorineural hearing impaired could not distinguish the intonation of the word /ame/ which has different meanings depending on its intonation. It was also found that intonation emphasis processed by the digital hearing aid was very effective for distinguishing spoken words which have similar intonations.
Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigen Identification and Engineering in Porcine Xenotransplantation (2018)

Martens, Gregory MD; Ladowski, Joseph M. PhD; Reyes, Luz M. MSc, PhD; Easlick, Juliet; Tector, Matt PhD; Tector, A Joseph MD, PhD, FACS Author Information
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease (2004)

Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that pulsatile stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors is a key factor in the development of levodopa-associated motor complications. Therefore, in the de novo patient it is believed that providing a more continuous dopaminergic stimulation from the start of antiparkinson therapy may prevent priming for motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Conversely, in the more advanced patient who is already suffering from motor complications, it is believed that providing a more continuous stimulation may reverse the development of motor complications, enabling the patient to enjoy more stable benefits from therapy. All PD patients eventually require levodopa therapy during the course of their disease, and the benefits of providing continuous dopaminergic stimulation with levodopa have been clearly demonstrated in a number of studies. However, these studies have included the use of approaches such as SC infusion or intra-intestinal infusion. Because these are relatively difficult to handle and not very practical for the patient, compliance is generally low. Therefore, the development of a simple treatment regimen using an oral formulation of levodopa to provide a more continuous dopaminergic stimulation will represent a significant advance in antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy.