gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of flow and motion in MRI of diffusion using a modified CE‐FAST sequence (1989)

Severe motion and flow artifacts are a problem in MRI of diffusion in vivo due to the application of strong magnetic field gradients. Here it is shown that image artifacts can be removed by using a modified fast-scan MRI sequence (CE-FAST) in conjunction with averaging of diffusion-weighted images. In phantom studies slow (coherent) flow (less than 1 mm s-1) in the presence of strong diffusion gradients is shown to cause signal losses in diffusion-weighted images that depend on the relative orientations of the flow direction and the diffusion gradient. On the other hand, pulsatile motions of macroscopic dimensions (e.g., 1 mm, 1 Hz, in-plane) lead to smearing and ghosting of signal intensities along the phase-encoding direction of the images. In both phantoms and rabbit brains in vivo motion artifacts were found to be reducible by averaging 8-16 images. Unfortunately, the resulting image contrast no longer represents a "true" diffusion contrast but is affected by additional signal losses due to motion averaging. All experiments were performed on a 40-cm-bore 2.35-T Bruker Medspec system.
Cobalt–molybdenum interaction in oxidic precursors of zeolite-supported HDS catalystsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The comparisons between the experimental and simulated Mo K-edge EXAFS spectra. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b2/b201785g/ (2002)

Two methods of synthesis of oxidic precursors of zeolite-supported HDS catalysts have been compared—the co-impregnation of cobalt nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate, and the one-step impregnation of the Anderson cobaltomolybdate anion. 27Al MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopic characterisations have shown that in the first case, the Anderson aluminomolybdate anion is formed, whereas the cobalt Anderson entity is preserved in the second case. Mo and Co K-edges EXAFS measurements have shown that in the first case no cobalt–molybdenum interaction is observed, unlike in the second case. It has finally been seen that a calcination–rehydration treatment gives the same final product for both preparations, with the presence of the aluminomolybdate anion, to the detriment of the cobalt–molybdenum interaction.
Structures of Bacterial Flagellar Motors from Two FliF-FliG Gene Fusion Mutants (2001)

Flagella purified from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contain FliG, FliM, and FliN, cytoplasmic proteins that are important in torque generation and switching, and FliF, a transmembrane structural protein. The motor portion of the flagellum (the basal body complex) has a cytoplasmic C ring and a transmembrane M ring. Incubation of purified basal bodies at pH 4.5 removed FliM and FliN but not FliG or FliF. These basal bodies lacked C rings but had intact M rings, suggesting that FliM and FliN are part of the C ring but not a detectable part of the M ring. Incubation of basal bodies at pH 2.5 removed FliG, FliM, and FliN but not FliF. These basal bodies lacked the C ring, and the cytoplasmic face of the M ring was altered, suggesting that FliG makes up at least part of the cytoplasmic face of the M ring. Further insights into FliG were obtained from cells expressing a fusion protein of FliF and FliG. Flagella from these mutants still rotated but cells were not chemotactic. One mutant is a full-length fusion of FliF and FliG; the second mutant has a deletion lacking the last 56 residues of FliF and the first 94 residues of FliG. In the former, C rings appeared complete, but a portion of the M ring was shifted to higher radius. The C-ring-M-ring interaction appeared to be altered. In basal bodies with the fusion-deletion protein, the C ring was smaller in diameter, and one of its domains occupied space vacated by missing portions of FliF and FliG.
Small Animal Dentistry (1993)

This clinical reference for veterinarians is a comprehensive work on the diagnosis, treatment and management of dental disease and problems in dogs and cats. Home care for clients and the marketing of dental services by the practitioner are also covered. The inclusion of extensive procedure illustrations aims to make this book a comprehensive guide to diagnosis, treatment and management of dental disease in dogs and cats. All dental specialities are covered to the appropriate degree, with emphasis on oral surgery.
The Differential Effects of Oil Demand and Supply Shocks on the Global Economy (2012)

We employ a set of sign restrictions on the generalized impulse responses of a Global VAR model, estimated for 38 countries/regions over the period 1979Q2.2011Q2, to discriminate between supply-driven and demand-driven oil-price shocks and to study the time profile of their macroeconomic effects for different countries. The results indicate that the economic consequences of a supply-driven oil-price shock are very different from those of an oil-demand shock driven by global economic activity, and vary for oil-importing countries compared to energy exporters. While oil importers typically face a long-lived fall in economic activity in response to a supply-driven surge in oil prices, the impact is positive for energy-exporting countries that possess large proven oil/gas reserves. However, in response to an oil-demand disturbance, almost all countries in our sample experience long-run inflationary pressures and a short-run increase in real output.
640 Gbit/s Single-Polarization DPSK Transmission over 525 km with Time-Domain Optical Fourier Transformation in a Round-Trip Configuration (2010)

A 640 Gbit/s single-polarization DPSK signal was transmitted over 525 km in a single channel. Time-domain optical Fourier transformation in a round-trip configuration greatly enhanced the tolerance to higher-order PMD and provided error-free performance.
ChemInform Abstract: ELIMINATION AND ADDITION REACTIONS. PART 28. NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION‐DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS WITH ALLENIC SULFONIUM SALTS (1977)

Abstract Displacement Reactions with Allenic Sulphonium Salts.
Langzeiterfahrungen mit der ipsilateralen Elektroakustischen Stimulation (EAS) : meeting abstract (2006)

Hochgradig hÃ¶rgeschÃ¤digten Patienten mit einem TieftonrestgehÃ¶r (Steilabfall im Audiogramm) kÃ¶nnen mittels ipsilateraler EAS versorgt werden. Dabei wird der vÃ¶llig taube Hochfrequenzbereich des Innenohres mit einem Cochleaimplantat stimuliert, und die tieffrequente Restfunktion der Schnecke bleibt erhalten. Voraussetzung fÃ¼r eine derartige Versorgung ist ein Erhalt des tieffrequenten RestgehÃ¶res bei der Cochlea-Implant-ElektrodeneinfÃ¼hrung. Im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie wurden seit 1999 in Frankfurt 25 Patienten mit EAS versorgt. Des Weiteren wurden 16 Patienten im Rahmen einer europÃ¤ischen Multicenterstudie fÃ¼r EAS implantiert. Ein zumindest teilweiser Erhalt des RestgehÃ¶res war in Ã¼ber 90% der FÃ¤lle mÃ¶glich. Es wird Ã¼ber die Langzeitergebnisse (6 bis 70 Monate) nach EAS-Implantation berichtet. In 70% der FÃ¤lle blieb das erhaltene RestgehÃ¶r stabil. Die Patienten zeigten Ã¼berdurchschnittlich gute Werte bei der Sprachdiskrimination mit ihren Cochleaimplantaten, die durch zusÃ¤tzliche akustische Stimulation noch verbessert wurden. Besonders deutlich waren die HÃ¶rleistungen unter StÃ¶rgerÃ¤uscheinfluss. Seit Kurzem steht auch ein kombinierter Sprachprozessor fÃ¼r die elektrische und akustische Stimulation zur VerfÃ¼gung.
Subjective evaluation of an edge-based depth image compression scheme (2013)

Multi-view three-dimensional television requires many views, which may be synthesized from two-dimensional images with accompanying pixel-wise depth information. This depth image, which typically consists of smooth areas and sharp transitions at object borders, must be consistent with the acquired scene in order for synthesized views to be of good quality. We have previously proposed a depth image coding scheme that preserves significant edges and encodes smooth areas between these. An objective evaluation considering the structural similarity (SSIM) index for synthesized views demonstrated an advantage to the proposed scheme over the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) intra mode in certain cases. However, there were some discrepancies between the outcomes from the objective evaluation and from our visual inspection, which motivated this study of subjective tests. The test was conducted according to ITU-R BT.500-13 recommendation with Stimulus-comparison methods. The results from the subjective test showed that the proposed scheme performs slightly better than HEVC with statistical significance at majority of the tested bit rates for the given contents.
Antiangiogenic Properties of 17-(Dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin (2004)

We show that the Hsp90 targeting agents 17-DMAG and 17-AAG inhibit angiogenesis. The strong effects on endothelial cell functions, in vitro, indicate that the antiangiogenic activity of 17-DMAG/17-AAG could also be due to a direct effect on endothelial cells. The oral bioavailability of 17-DMAG might be of advantage in investigating the potential of this compound in clinical trials with antiangiogenic as well as antiproliferative endpoints.
Ekta: An Efficient DHT Substrate for Distributed Applications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have proven to be a novel and efficient platform for building a variety of scalable and robust distributed applications like content sharing and location in the Internet. Similar to those in the Internet, distributed applications and network services in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can potentially benefit from the deployment of a DHT. However, bandwidth limitations, node mobility, and multi access interference pose unique challenges to deploying such DHTs in MANETs. In this paper, we first study how to efficiently implement DHTs in MANETs. We explore two disparate design options: the simple approach of directly overlaying a DHT on top of a MANET multi-hop routing protocol, and Ekta which integrates a DHT with a multi-hop routing protocol at the network layer. Second, we examine the efficiency of DHT substrates in supporting applications in MANETs by examining the performance of a resource discovery application built on top of Ekta with one that directly uses physical layer broadcast. Such a study answers the fundamental question of whether a DHT substrate can be more efficient in supporting applications than a physical layer broadcast-based protocol, since in MANETs, DHT protocols effectively rely on physical layer broadcast to discover and maintain routes.
Modular Design of Hydromechanical Transmissions for Mobile Working Machines (2013)

This paper demonstrates an optimisation-based method of designing modular gearboxes scalable for a range of applications. The design is adapted to the typical operating behaviours of the reference vehicles and considers the manufacturing costs of the gearboxes. Hydromechanical continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) are today strong candidates to replace drive line transmissions based on fuel-thirsty torque converters in many mobile working machines. The advantages include a wide range of torque/speed ratios, high energy efficiency throughout the speed range and decoupling of engine speed and vehicle speed. Advanced multiple mode CVTs, however, are difficult to evaluate early in the product development process due to their complex architectures and the great variety of possible concepts. There is consequently an increased need for methods to design, compare and evaluate the transmission concepts. To decrease the development and manufacturing costs, there is also a need for scalable transmission concepts that can be used in several applications of different classes. The results show the proficiency of the methodology compared to a manual design process and that the energy efficiency of the transmissions are strongly linked to the designs.
Time Course of Changes in the Expression of Insulin Sensitivity-Related Genes after an Acute Load of Virgin Olive Oil (2009)

Our aim was to examine whether an acute fat load could induce changes in the expression of insulin sensitivity-related genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Selection of candidate genes was based on previous studies with sustained virgin olive oil (VOO) consumption and biological plausibility in relation to insulin sensitivity. Eleven healthy volunteers ingested raw VOO (50 mL). Blood samples were collected at 0, 1 and 6 h. Plasma glucose, insulin and hydroxytyrosol increased at 1 h and decreased at 6 h. Lipid oxidative damage increased at 6 h (p < 0.05). Gene expression changes were characterized based on quantification of the samples relative to a reference sample [i.e., relative quantification (RQ) method]. A 1 h downregulation was observed in O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT, RQ: 0.62 +/- 0.32) and arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP, RQ: 0.64 +/- 0.31) genes (p < 0.005). OGT was upregulated at 6 h (RQ: 1.88 +/- 0.28, p < 0.05). CD36 (thrombospondin receptor) was upregulated at 1 h (RQ: 1.6 +/- 0.8, p < 0.05) returning to the basal values at 6 h. Lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor binding protein (PPARBP), a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17), and adrenergic beta-2-receptor (ADRB2) genes were upregulated at 6 h (range for the mean RQ: 1.33-1.56) following an increasing linear trend (p < 0.05) from baseline to 6 h. ALOX5AP and OGT genes inversely correlated with insulin and glucose levels at 1 h. ADAM17 and ADRB2 inversely correlated with oxLDL at 6 h (p < 0.05). Taken together, these observations may inform the future clinical nutrigenomics study designs and indicate that a single dose of VOO can elicit quantifiable and rapid changes in gene expression in targets that are mechanistically relevant for insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome.
The Impact of Spatialized Communications on Team Navigation (2012)

A team navigation task allowed the evaluation of spatialized communications to help ground soldiers maintain awareness of each other’s locations in complex environments. Subjects had to rendezvous as quickly as possible from unknown starting locations in large, unfamiliar, urban virtual environments. Traditional monaural and 3D audio communication channels were compared. In the 3D audio condition, talkers could make their communications sound like they arose from their own location or from the location of another object in the environment (audio annotation). Some conditions included additional prominent landmarks. Rendezvous times were significantly shorter in the 3D audio condition, but the presence or absence of additional landmarks did not impact performance. The results are compared to previous research on spatialized auditory displays and on team navigation.
Investigation of Pneumonia Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (2022)

With the advance of Covid-19 pneumonia and its complications increased the load of radiologists several times. The pneumonia detection usually is performed by examination of chest X-Ray radiograph by the radiologists. This process is tedious, influenced by fatigue and may lead to mistakes. Computer-aided diagnostic systems shows the potential for improving accuracy. In this work, we present investigation for pneumonia detection based on several convolutional neural network architectures via transfer learning. Additionally, we propose a method for preparing data from the Radiological Society of North America Pneumonia Detection Challenge to achieve better results.
Flow cytometric analysis of normal human megakaryocytes (1988)

Abstract Megakaryocytes from normal routine human bone marrow aspirates were analyzed by flow cytometry for size, fine cell structure and granularity, membrane expression of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa and ploidy. Marrow cells were initially enriched for megakaryocytes by a Percoll density gradient and megakaryocytes were labeled with a fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody directed to the GPIIb/IIIa complex. The cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and stained with propidium iodide (PI) for DNA quantitation. Using two-color flow cytometry, megakaryocytes were identified by their high membrane immunofluorescence and their ploidy was determined according to the relative fluorescence intensity of the PI. Forward light scatter (FSC), correlating with cell size, 90 degrees side light scatter (SSC), reflecting primarily cell internal fine structure and granularity, and total cell membrane fluorescence were examined. To evaluate independently the relationship between size and cell membrane fluorescence obtained by flow cytometry, megakaryocytes were sorted directly on slides and analyzed by a laser-based anchored cell analyzer (ACAS). There was a strong correlation among size, SSC, and the level of membrane fluorescence. The mean diameter of megakaryocytes was 28.1 +/- 12.3 micron. The modal ploidy distribution was 16N with approximately one-fifth of the cells less than or equal to 4N. The mean FSC and SSC levels increased with increasing ploidy. However, the marked overlap observed between the ranges of these parameters in adjacent ploidy classes suggested that size and SSC increase continuously rather than by discrete steps as is characteristic for ploidy. The total surface membrane fluorescence was correlated with cell size (r = 0.98) as measured by FSC or directly by the ACAS (r = 0.85), and with cell ploidy (r = 0.99) indicating an augmentation in total membrane GPIIb/IIIa expression with an increase in cell size and ploidy. However, estimated GPIIb/IIIa fluorescence density was inversely correlated with FSC suggesting that the GPIIb/IIIa surface epitope density is decreased with increasing cell maturity. We conclude that flow cytometry is a useful technique for the rapid analysis of human megakaryocytes obtained by marrow aspiration, and should be applicable to studies of pathologic states.
Interprofessional Consensus Regarding Design Requirements for Liquid-Based Perinatal Life Support (PLS) Technology (2022)

Liquid-based perinatal life support (PLS) technology will probably be applied in a first-in-human study within the next decade. Research and development of PLS technology should not only address technical issues, but also consider socio-ethical and legal aspects, its application area, and the corresponding design implications. This paper represents the consensus opinion of a group of healthcare professionals, designers, ethicists, researchers and patient representatives, who have expertise in tertiary obstetric and neonatal care, bio-ethics, experimental perinatal animal models for physiologic research, biomedical modeling, monitoring, and design. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework for research and development of PLS technology. These requirements are considering the possible respective user perspectives, with the aim to co-create a PLS system that facilitates physiological growth and development for extremely preterm born infants.
Three-dimensional deeply generated holography [Invited] (2020)

In this paper, we present a noniterative method for 3D computer-generated holography based on deep learning. A convolutional neural network is adapted for directly generating a hologram to reproduce a 3D intensity pattern in a given class. We experimentally demonstrated the proposed method with optical reproductions of multiple layers based on phase-only Fourier holography. Our method is noniterative, but it achieves a reproduction quality comparable with that of iterative methods for a given class.
An autocidal ovitrap for the control and possible eradication of Aedes aegypti. (1977)

A revolutionary, autocidal ovitrap has been developed as a promising weapon for the control and possible eradication of Ae, aegypti, the principal vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), in urban high DHF endemic areas. A study carried out with this trap in a highly endemic area for DHF in Singapore city, namely the Rochor area, has shown this trap to be superior to all other domestic habitats in attractiveness to ovipositing Ae. aegypti females.
Subunit Composition of Lipoprotein(a) Protein (1994)

We determined the molecular weight of four different apo(a) polymorphs by sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride in order to estimate the molar ratio of apo(a) to apoB in Lp(a). They had molecular weights of 289,000, 310,000, 341,000, and 488,000 and 15, 16, 18, and 27 kringle 4 domains, respectively. Their carbohydrate content was similar (23.2 wt %), as was their partial specific volume (0.682 mL/g). Knowing the mass of apo(a), we estimated the molar ratio of apo(a) to apoB from (1) the molecular weight of the protein moiety of the four respective parent Lp(a) particles as calculated from their mass and percentage composition and the mass of apoB, (2) the mass of apo(a) lost from Lp(a) upon its reduction and carboxymethylation, by determining the difference in mass between Lp(a) and Lp(a-), and (3) from the mass (measured by sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride) of the lipid-free apoB-apo(a) complex (1.06 x 10(6) daltons) of the Lp(a) particle with the smallest apo(a) polymorph by subtracting the mass of apoB. Our results obtained with each of the three different physicochemical methods indicated that the protein moiety of each of the four Lp(a) particles that was investigated consisted of a complex of two molecules of apo(a) and one molecule of apoB.
A new SiC polytype, 45Rb (1982)

The stacking sequence of a new SiC polytype 45Rb, which was synthesized at room temperature is (433212)3. This implies that the Zhdanov symbol 1 in the stacking sequence, except for the 2H polytype, might be a special characteristic of the structure of SiC grown at low temperatures. If this is true, the recently reported 5H polytype SiC found in limestone, dolomite and alluvial deposit, which can be deduced as (41) stacking, may be authigenic and might have grown at a low temperature. This idea may suggest the general distribution of SiC in limestone and in other low- temperature deposits. Unmetamorphosed limestones of about 20 localities were examined, and SiC was found in seven of those localities, although the 45Rb and 5H polytypes have not been found yet in these samples.
Laserpolieren metallischer Freiformflächen (2012)

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der Abbau der derzeitigen Defizite hinsichtlich der Bearbeitung von Freiformflächen, um die an ebenen Oberflächen erreichten Ergebnisse auf Werkstücke mit industrierelevanter Geometrie zu übertragen. Die Rauheit der laserpolierten Freiformflächen aus Stahlwerkstoffen soll kleiner als Ra 0,1 µm betragen. Zur Erreichung des zuvor beschriebenen Ziels werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit verfahrenstechnische Grundlagen zum Laserpolieren freigeformter Werkstücke untersucht und ein wissensbasierter CAM Prozess zum Laserpolieren entwickelt. Nach derzeitigem Stand der Technik sind die vier zuvor beschriebenen Problemstellungen beim Laserpolieren von Freiformflächen bekannt. Im Rahmen der Verfahrensentwicklung wird eine grundsätzliche Vorgehensweise zur Lösung dieser Problemstellungen am Musterwerkstoff 1.2343 und dem folgenden Verfahrensparametersatz untersucht.