gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotubes-titanium electrode for detecting calcium deposition by osteoblasts (2007)

The objective of this in vitro present study was to develop an electrode which can detect calcium deposition by osteoblasts. The primary biomaterial for this electrode is anodized Ti, developed by chemical etching and passivation treatments. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), because of their enhancement in electron transfer reaction [1], are essential to consider when designing the electrodes. For this, parallel multiwall CNTs were grown from the pores of the anodized Ti by a chemical vapor deposition process. Preliminary in vitro results suggest that osteoblast functions (specifically alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition) on CNTs grown on anodized Ti are significantly enhanced when compared to anodized Ti and currently-used Ti; thus, it is anticipated that bone growth could be enhanced on these biomaterial electrodes.
A New Application of Diphenylphosphorylazide (DPPA) Reagent: Convenient Transformations of Quinolin‐4‐one, Pyridin‐4‐one and Quinazolin‐4‐one Derivatives into the 4‐Azido and 4‐Amino Counterparts. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A study of temporal behavior between the packet loss bursts in packet switched systems (2002)

In future broadband networks based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) transmission and switching technology, the dominant kind of impairment is expected to be packet (ATM cell) losses. The use of forward error correction (FEC) codes have been proposed as a way to overcome these losses. However, the maximum length of a lost packet string that a packet loss recovery scheme can be designed to recover highly depends upon the temporal behavior between the adjacent packet loss bursts. Thus, a realistic model for describing the packet loss process is needed. The Gilbert model proposed for such purpose turns out to be an unrealistic model, since it fails to consider some important characteristics during the packet loss process. A more realistic model is advanced.
Carbon-14 and deuterium isotope effects during the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of diphenylketene to styrene (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-14 and deuterium isotope effects during the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of diphenylketene to styreneClair J. Collins, Ben M. Benjamin, and George W. KabalkaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 8, 2570–2571Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00476a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00476a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Form‐ Prochlorothrix (2015)

Abstract Pro'chlor'o.thrix. Gr. pref. protos first (primordial); Gr. adj. chloros green; Gr. n. thrix hair or thread; M.L. fem. n. Prochlorothrix primordial green hair. Prochlorothrix is a filamentous organism that divides exclusively by binary fission in one plane and has slight to prominent constrictions at the cross‐walls. Cells are longer (3–10 µm) than broad (0.5–1.5 µm in diameter). However, under salt stress (i.e., 25 mM NaCl) cells may enlarge to reach 15 µm in length and 3 µm in width. Thylakoids arranged in layers parallel to the long axis at the periphery of the cytoplasm. Phycobilisomes absent . Motility absent; polar gas vacuoles present ; sheaths absent or poorly developed; apical cells undifferentiated (rounded). Lacks N 2 ‐fixing ability. Phycobiliproteins (i.e., CPE, C‐PC, and APC) absent; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b present . Zeaxanthin and β‐carotene are the major carotenoids. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Prochlorothrix is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Cyanobacteriota / Cyanophyceae / Prochlorotrichales / Prochlorotrichaceae / Prochlorothrix The genus Prochlorothrix can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Prochlorothrix (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Cyanobacteriota / c__Cyanobacteriia / o__PCC-9006 / f__Prochlorotrichaceae / g__Prochlorothrix * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Hydrolytic and Associative Behavior of Aromatic Amides in Aqueous Solution (1969)

Rate constants for alkaline hydrolysis (in 0.1N NaOH) of aromatic amides such as nicotinamide, benzamide, phenylacetamide, cinnamamide, and their corresponding N-alkyl substituted analogs were determined at 25°and 90°in order to investigate the effect of molecular structure on the stability of these amides against hydroxyl ion attack. Stability constants of these aromatic amide complexes with theophylline and 8-methoxycaffeine at 25°were also computed from phase-solubility data. The results have shown that cinnamamides are most stable against hydroxyl ion attack and formed the most stable complexes with the alkylxanthines while phenylacetamides are least stable in alkaline hydrolysis and least associative with alkylxanthines among benzene derivatives. Both hydrolytic behavior and associative tendency of these amides are discussed in relation to the extent of conjugation of the amide group with the rest of the molecule.
SAR-Net: Shape Alignment and Recovery Network for Category-level 6D Object Pose and Size Estimation (2021)

Given a single scene image, this paper proposes a method of Category-level 6D Object Pose and Size Estimation (COPSE) from the point cloud of the target object, without external real pose-annotated training data. Specifically, beyond the visual cues in RGB images, we rely on the shape information predominately from the depth (D) channel. The key idea is to explore the shape alignment of each instance against its corresponding category-level template shape, and the symmetric correspondence of each object category for estimating a coarse 3D object shape. Our framework deforms the point cloud of the category-level template shape to align the observed instance point cloud for implicitly representing its 3D rotation. Then we model the symmetric correspondence by predicting symmetric point cloud from the partially observed point cloud. The concatenation of the observed point cloud and symmetric one reconstructs a coarse object shape, thus facilitating object center (3D translation) and 3D size estimation. Extensive experiments on the category-level NOCS benchmark demonstrate that our lightweight model still competes with state-of-the-art approaches that require labeled real-world images. We also deploy our approach to a physical Baxter robot to perform grasping tasks on unseen but category-known instances, and the results further validate the efficacy of our proposed model. Code and pre-trained models are available on the project webpage.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrimer Design Using CuI‐Catalyzed Alkyne—Azide “Click‐Chemistry” (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Obesity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes From Australian Primary Care (2006)

The recognition of obesity by treating physician is fundamental to the management of diabetes (1). In this article, we describe the frequency of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes in Australian general practice and examine the identification of obesity by general practitioners.

The National Evaluation of the Frequency of Renal Impairment cO-existing with NIDDM (NEFRON) study was an incident-driven, clustered, stratified survey of 3,893 patients with type 2 diabetes in the Australian primary care setting. Investigator selection and patient characteristics are described elsewhere (appendix 1 [available at http://care.diabetesjournals.org]) (2).

Caucasian individuals with a BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 were classified as overweight, while those with a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were classified as obese (3). In Asian patients, overweight and obese categories were defined by a BMI ≥23 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively (4). Waist circumference was measured halfway between the lower border of the ribs and the iliac crest on a horizontal plane. Men with a waist circumference between 94.0 and 101.9 cm and women with a waist circumference between 80.0 and 87.9 cm were classified as overweight. A waist circumference ≥102.0 cm in men and ≥88.0 cm in women classified abdominal obesity, except in patients of Asian ethnicity where the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Obesity in Asian and Pacific populations has recommended that a waist circumference of 90.0 cm for men and 80.0 cm for women can be used for identifying individuals with abdominal …
Time delay evaluation for laser interferometer using electro-optical modulator (2018)

Evaluating the response time of the laser interferometer for primary calibration of the phase shift of accelerometers is an essential prerequisite. Therefore, the authors propose a method to evaluate the response time of the laser interferometer with an easy and inexpensive experimental set-up using an electro-optical modulator. This research uses the EOM to modulate the optical length and gives the phase change to the quadrature signal, thereby this method determines the intrinsic time delay of the photo-detector with a preamplifier in the laser interferometer used in NMIJ.
Expression of Escherichia coli glycogen branching enzyme in an Arabidopsis mutant devoid of endogenous starch branching enzymes induces the synthesis of starch‐like polyglucans (2015)

Starch synthesis requires several enzymatic activities including branching enzymes (BEs) responsible for the formation of α(1 → 6) linkages. Distribution and number of these linkages are further controlled by debranching enzymes that cleave some of them, rendering the polyglucan water-insoluble and semi-crystalline. Although the activity of BEs and debranching enzymes is mandatory to sustain normal starch synthesis, the relative importance of each in the establishment of the plant storage polyglucan (i.e. water insolubility, crystallinity and presence of amylose) is still debated. Here, we have substituted the activity of BEs in Arabidopsis with that of the Escherichia coli glycogen BE (GlgB). The latter is the BE counterpart in the metabolism of glycogen, a highly branched water-soluble and amorphous storage polyglucan. GlgB was expressed in the be2 be3 double mutant of Arabidopsis, which is devoid of BE activity and consequently free of starch. The synthesis of a water-insoluble, partly crystalline, amylose-containing starch-like polyglucan was restored in GlgB-expressing plants, suggesting that BEs' origin only has a limited impact on establishing essential characteristics of starch. Moreover, the balance between branching and debranching is crucial for the synthesis of starch, as an excess of branching activity results in the formation of highly branched, water-soluble, poorly crystalline polyglucan.
Electrochemical Detection of the Explosive Taggant 2,3-Dimethyldinitrobutane using a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Employed TiO2 Composite Film (2012)

A highly sensitive and fast method for electrochemical detection of 2,3-dimethyldinitrobutane (DMNB) on a graphite working electrode modified with a TiO2 thin film including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is proposed. Incorporation of the SWCNTs into the inorganic matrix allowed the preparation of a highly stable film with an integrated electrochemical chip. The sensing mechanism is based on the current change generated at the specific voltage due to the redox reaction of the DMNB NO2 functional group. The detection limit and sensitivity were significantly improved due to the interaction between the SWCNTs and the analyte, which considerably enhanced the electron transferability. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the DMNB detection was 10 ppb to 10 ppm with a detection limit of 12 ppb, showing a sensitivity of 61 nA ppb-1. Keywords: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), 2,3-dimethyldinitrobutane, Explosive taggant, Electrochemical detection, TiO2 matrix, chromatography-mass spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), limit of detection (LOD), TiO2-carbon nanotube, corundum ceramic (CC) electrodes, DMNB compound, Amperometric Detection, TiO2+SWCNT film
Effects of Prolonged Tremor Due to Penitrem a in Mice (1986)

Adult mice were given subcutaneous injections of purified penitrem A (10 mg/kg) dissolved in corn oil. The mycotoxin was prepared by ether extraction and absorption chromatography; identity was established by absorption and mass spectra. Tremors were sustained for 72 hr following a single dose; readministration every 3 days was used to provide continuous trembling for 18 days. No lesions specifically attributed to penitrem A could be detected by histological examination of brains even after 18 days of trembling. Pharmacological agents affecting central nervous system neurotransmitters had some capacity to modify the effects of penitrem A. The results of those studies were such that a definitive conclusion regarding mechanisms of action of the toxin could not be determined.
Sorption of Water Vapor in Jute Fibers (1975)

Sorption kinetics of the jute—water-vapor system have been followed gravimetrically using a sorption balance under controlled temperature and humidity conditions and absorption isotherms determined from the equilibrium water ' contents. The sorption kinetics are dependent on the initial water content of the jute sample and the humidity range of the sorption step and can be related to the various regions of the sigmoidal-shaped isotherm. At low water contents, corresponding to the initial steep portion of the isotherm, sorption can be described as a diffusion process in accordance with Fick's laws. Above 2.5% water content, only the initial portion of the uptake, to a quasi-equilibrium, occurs by a rate-controlling diffusion process, and a slow second stage of uptake is attributed to a stress relaxation mechanism. For a large step change in concentration no separate second stage is observed, presumably because stress relaxation occurs rapidly. At high humidities (&gt;80% RH) absorption and desorption processes are non-Fickian over the whole range. On absorption a transient overshoot above the equilibrium water content value is explained as a consequence of the break down of the hydrogen-bonded structure of the fiber followed by the reformation of the interchain network to a new stable state. Similarities between the data obtained for the jute-water system and other polymer-penetrant systems are pointed out.
Role of circadian rhythm and autonomic nervous system in liver function: a hypothetical basis for improving the management of hepatic encephalopathy (2021)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common, incapacitating complication of cirrhosis that affects many patients with cirrhosis. Although several therapies have proven effective in the treatment and prevention of this condition, several patients continue to suffer from covert disease or episodes of relapse. The circadian rhythm has been demonstrated to be pivotal for many body functions, including those of the liver. Here, we explore the impact of circadian rhythm-dependent signaling on the liver and discuss the evidence of its impact on liver pathology and metabolism. We describe the various pathways through which circadian influences are mediated. Finally, we introduce a novel method for improving patient response to drugs aimed at treating HE by utilizing the circadian rhythm. A digital system that introduces a customization-based technique for improving the response to therapies is presented as a hypothetical approach for improving the effectiveness of current medications used for the treatment of recurrent and persistent hepatic encephalopathy.
The molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast (2023)

Estrogen and progesterone have been extensively studied in the mammary gland, but the molecular effects of androgen remain largely unexplored. Transgender men are recorded as female at birth but identify as male and may undergo gender-affirming androgen therapy to align their physical characteristics and gender identity. Here we perform single-cell-resolution transcriptome, chromatin, and spatial profiling of breast tissues from transgender men following androgen therapy. We find canonical androgen receptor gene targets are upregulated in cells expressing the androgen receptor and that paracrine signaling likely drives sex-relevant androgenic effects in other cell types. We also observe involution of the epithelium and a spatial reconfiguration of immune, fibroblast, and vascular cells, and identify a gene regulatory network associated with androgen-induced fat loss. This work elucidates the molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast at single-cell resolution.
Inside Back Cover: Bandgap Engineering through Controlled Oxidation of Polythiophenes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7/2014) (2014)

Hypofluorous acid is a potent and selective oxidizing agent that can react with thiophene-containing polymers to change their optoelectronic properties. As L. M. Campos and co-workers report in their Communication on page 1832 ff., the thiophene units are converted into nonaromatic thiophene-1,1-dioxides, thereby resulting in materials with increased electron affinity and a smaller optical bandgap. The image depicts the fast chemical transformation of the conjugated polymers.
In Vivo Measurement of Microvessel Permeability and Tissue Diffusion Coefficient in Frog Mesentery by Confocal Microscopy (1999)

Abstract Our early studies showed that tissue diffusion coefficient (Dt) of small solute sodium fluorescein (0.45 nm radius) in frog mesentery is 30% of its free diffusion coefficient (Dfree) in aqueous solution. We test here the hypothesis that because of its size-limiting structure the interstitium would provide larger resistance to larger solute α-lactalbumin (2.0 nm radius). We extended our previous method by using laser-scanning confocal microscopy to measure both solute capillary permeability (P) and solute tissue diffusion coefficients (Dt) from the rate of tissue solute accumulation and the radial concentration gradients around individually perfused microvessels in frog mesentery. pα-lactalbumin was 1.7 ± 0.7 (SD) × 10−6 cm/s (n = 6). Dt/Dfree was 27% ± 5% (SD) (n = 6). This value is comparable to that for small solute sodium fluorescein. Our results indicate that frog mesenteric interstitium is less selective to larger solute α-lactalbumin than the microvessel wall.
High-power tunable laser driven THz generation in corrugated plasma waveguides (2017)

The excitation of Terahertz (THz) radiation by the interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse with the modes of a miniature corrugated plasma waveguide is considered. The axially corrugated waveguide supports the electromagnetic modes with appropriate polarization and subluminal phase velocities that can be phase matched to the ponderomotive potential associated with the laser pulse, making significant THz generation possible. This process is studied via full format Particle-in-Cell simulations that, for the first time, model the nonlinear dynamics of the plasma and the self-consistent evolution of the laser pulse in the case where the laser pulse energy is entirely depleted. It is found that the generated THz is characterized by lateral emission from the channel, with a spectrum that may be narrow or broad depending on the laser intensity. A range of realistic laser pulse and plasma parameters is considered with the goal of maximizing the conversion efficiency of optical energy to THz radiation. As an example, a fixed drive pulse (0.55 J) with a spot size of 15 μm and a duration of 15 fs produces a THz radiation of 37.8 mJ of in a 1.5 cm corrugated plasma waveguide with an on axis average density of 1.4 × 1018 cm−3.
Volumetric properties of binary mixtures of benzene with cyano-based ionic liquids (2014)

The objective of this study is to investigate the volumetric properties of the binary mixtures comprised benzene and two ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([BMIM][SCN]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl- imidazolium dicyanamide ([BMIM][N(CN)2](⁠. Densities (ρ) and viscosities (μ) of the binary mixtures were measured over a temperature range of 293.15 to 323.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were calculated from the experimental densities and viscosities values. The volumetric properties of the mixtures were changed significantly with the change of compositions and temperatures. It was also found that the value of excess molar volume and viscosity deviations were negative (-ve) over the entire range of compositions. The results have been interpreted in terms of molecular interactions of ILs and benzene.
Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system. (2005)

A priori anatomic data can be used to enhance the quality of the SPECT image when reconstructed using iterative techniques (e.g., MLEM) that use the CT data to produce a patient-specific attenuation map and a collimator response model based on the body contour produced during the SPECT acquisition.
Novel butterfly pyrene-based organic semiconductors for field effect transistors (2006)

Novel butterfly pyrene derivatives functionalized with trifluoromethylphenyl and thienyl aromatic groups in the 1-, 3-, 6- and 8-positions of pyrene cores and have been synthesized by Suzuki coupling reactions, and their crystal structures, optical and electrochemical properties investigated; additionally, the field effect transistor using as the active material exhibited a p-type performance.
The Idio-Technopolis [Editorial] (2012)

The rapid rise of social media has brought with it an emphasis on the distinct dimensions of the whole person. Social media recognizes that the individual has a personal network of extensions – a home life, a work life, a social life, a study life, a hobbyist life, and much more – some of these identities even hidden from full view. Each of these online value networks are now accessible by big business, where opinion leaders and early adopters are easily distinguishable, and where brand commentary between consumers matters manifold more than any form of targeted advertising.