gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Activation of Nonpolar Sediment Extracts Results in Enhanced Thyroid Hormone Disrupting Potency (2013)

Traditional sediment risk assessment predominantly considers the hazard derived from legacy contaminants that are present in nonpolar sediment extracts, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although in vivo experiments with these compounds have shown to be thyroid hormone disrupting (THD), in vitro their THD potency is not observed in nonpolar sediment extracts. This is hypothesized to be due to the absence of in vitro biotransformation which will result in bioactivation of the lipophilic compounds into THD hydroxyl metabolites. This study reveals that indeed metabolically activated nonpolar contaminants in sediments can competitively bind to thyroid hormone transport proteins. Sediment fractions were incubated with S9 rat microsomes, and the metabolites were extracted with a newly developed method that excludes most of the lipids to avoid interference in the applied nonradioactive 96-well plate TTR competitive binding assay. Metabolic activation increased the TTR binding potency of nonpolar fractions of POP-polluted sediments up to 100 times, resulting in potencies up to 240 nmol T4 equivalents/g sediment equivalent (nmol T4-Eq/g SEQ). This demonstrates that a more realistic in vitro sediment THD risk characterization should also include testing of both polar and medium polar sediment extracts for THD, as well as bioactivated nonpolar sediment fractions to prevent underestimation of its toxic potency.
Bayesian Poisson Factorization With Side Information for User Interest Prediction in Hierarchical Edge-Caching Systems (2022)

Edge-caching is an effective solution to cope with the unprecedented data traffic growth by storing contents in the vicinity of end-users. In this paper, we formulate a hierarchical caching policy where the end-users and cellular base station (BS) are equipped with limited cache capacity with the objective of minimizing the total data traffic load in the network. The caching policy is a nonlinear combinatorial programming problem and difficult to solve. To tackle the issue, we design a heuristic algorithm as an approximate solution which can be solved efficiently. Moreover, to proactively serve the users, it is of high importance to extract useful information from data requests and predict user interest about contents. In practice, the data often contain <i>implicit feedback</i> from users which is quite noisy and complicates the reliable prediction of user interest. In this regard, we introduce a Bayesian Poisson matrix factorization model which utilizes the available side information about contents to effectively filter out the noise in the data and provide accurate prediction. Subsequently, we design an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to perform the posterior approximation. Finally, a real-world dataset is applied to the proposed proactive caching-prediction scheme and our results show significant improvement over several commonly-used methods. For example, when the BS and the users have caches with storage of 25&#x0025; and 10&#x0025; of the total contents size respectively, our approach yields around 8&#x0025; improvement with respect to the state-of-the-art approach in terms of caching performance.
Deep reinforcement learning for conversational robots playing games (2017)

Deep reinforcement learning for interactive multimodal robots is attractive for endowing machines with trainable skill acquisition. But this form of learning still represents several challenges. The challenge that we focus in this paper is effective policy learning. To address that, in this paper we compare the Deep Q-Networks (DQN) method against a variant that aims for stronger decisions than the original method by avoiding decisions with the lowest negative rewards. We evaluated our baseline and proposed algorithms in agents playing the game of Noughts and Crosses with two grid sizes (3×3 and 5×5). Experimental results show evidence that our proposed method can lead to more effective policies than the baseline DQN method, which can be used for training interactive social robots.
Plasma β-Amyloid Linked to Cognitive Decline (2011)

<b>JAMA</b> <b>Association of Plasma β-Amyloid Level and Cognitive Reserve With Subsequent Cognitive Decline</b> Kristine Yaffe, MD; Andrea Weston, MPH; Neill R. Graff-Radford, MBBCh; Suzanne Satterfield, MD, DrPh; Eleanor M. Simonsick, PhD; Steven G. Younkin, MD, PhD; Linda H. Younkin, PhD; Lewis Kuller, MD, DrPh; Hilsa N. Ayonayon, PhD; Jingzhong Ding, MD, PhD; Tamara B. Harris, MD, MS <h3>Context: </h3> Lower plasma β-amyloid 42 and 42/40 levels have been associated with incident dementia, but results are conflicting and few have investigated cognitive decline among elders without dementia. <h3>Objective: </h3> To determine if plasma β-amyloid is associated with cognitive decline and if this association is modified by measures of cognitive reserve. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants: </h3> We studied 997 black and white community-dwelling older adults from Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who were enrolled in the Health ABC Study, a prospective observational study begun in 1997-1998 with 10-year follow-up in 2006-2007. Participant mean age was 74.0 (SD, 3.0) years; 55.2% (n = 550) were female; and 54.0% (n = 538) were black. <h3>Main Outcome Measures: </h3> Association of near-baseline plasma β-amyloid levels (42 and 42/40 measured in 2010) and repeatedly measured Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) results. <h3>Results: </h3> Low β-amyloid 42/40 level was associated with greater 9-year 3MS cognitive decline (lowest β-amyloid tertile: mean change in 3MS score, −6.59 [95% confidence interval [CI], −5.21 to −7.67] points; middle tertile: −6.16 [95% CI, −4.92 to −7.32] points; and highest tertile: −3.60 [95% CI, −2.27 to −4.73] points;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Results were similar after multivariate adjustment for age, race, education, diabetes, smoking, and apolipoprotein E [<i>APOE</i>] e4 status and after excluding the 72 participants with incident dementia. Measures of cognitive reserve modified this association whereby among those with high reserve (at least a high school diploma, higher than sixth-grade literacy, or no<i>APOE</i>e4 allele), β-amyloid 42/40 was less associated with multivariate adjusted 9-year decline. For example, among participants with less than a high school diploma, the 3MS score decline was −8.94 (95% CI, −6.94 to −10.94) for the lowest tertile compared with −4.45 (95% CI, −2.31 to −6.59) for the highest tertile, but for those with at least a high school diploma, 3MS score decline was −4.60 (95% CI, −3.07 to −6.13) for the lowest tertile and −2.88 (95% CI, −1.41 to −4.35) for the highest tertile (<i>P</i> = .004 for interaction). Interactions were also observed for literacy (<i>P</i> = .005) and for<i>APOE</i>e4 allele (<i>P</i> = .02). <h3>Conclusion: </h3> Lower plasma β-amyloid 42/40 is associated with greater cognitive decline among elderly persons without dementia over 9 years, and this association is stronger among those with low measures of cognitive reserve. <i>JAMA. 2011;305(3):261-266.</i>
Abiotic ammonium formation in the presence of Ni-Fe metals and alloys and its implications for the Hadean nitrogen cycle (2008)

Experiments with dinitrogen-, nitrite-, nitrate-containing solutions were conducted without headspace in Ti reactors (200 degrees C), borosilicate septum bottles (70 degrees C) and HDPE tubes (22 degrees C) in the presence of Fe and Ni metal, awaruite (Ni80Fe20) and tetrataenite (Ni50Fe50). In general, metals used in this investigation were more reactive than alloys toward all investigated nitrogen species. Nitrite and nitrate were converted to ammonium more rapidly than dinitrogen, and the reduction process had a strong temperature dependence. We concluded from our experimental observations that Hadean submarine hydrothermal systems could have supplied significant quantities of ammonium for reactions that are generally associated with prebiotic synthesis, especially in localized environments. Several natural meteorites (octahedrites) were found to contain up to 22 ppm Ntot. While the oxidation state of N in the octahedrites was not determined, XPS analysis of metals and alloys used in the study shows that N is likely present as nitride (N3-). This observation may have implications toward the Hadean environment, since, terrestrial (e.g., oceanic) ammonium production may have been supplemented by reduced nitrogen delivered by metal-rich meteorites. This notion is based on the fact that nitrogen dissolves into metallic melts.
Recurrent large-scale solar proton events before the onset of the Wolf grand solar minimum (2021)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Recurrent large-scale solar proton events before the onset of the Wolf grand solar minimumAuthorsHirokoMiyaharaiDFuyukiTokanaiToruMoriyaMireiTakeyamaHirohisaSakuraiMotonariOhyamaKazuhoHoriuchiiDHideyukiHottaSee all authors Hiroko MiyaharaiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorHumanities and Sciences/Museum Careers, Musashino Art UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-443Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressFuyuki TokanaiYamagata Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressToru MoriyaYamagata Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMirei TakeyamaYamagata Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressHirohisa SakuraiYamagata Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMotonari OhyamaTohoku Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressKazuho HoriuchiiDHirosaki UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-8766view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressHideyuki HottaDepartment of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Optimum Temperature in the Electrostatic Desalting of Maya Crude Oil (2020)

Abstract. The main variables that impact the crude oil desalting process were analyzed by developing mathematical models that represent the variation of Maya crude oil density, conductivity and viscosity as functions of temperature. An increase in process temperature has two opposite effects. First, a decrease in oil density and viscosity implies a significant increase in the settling rate of water droplets within the oil phase; which allow for a greater amount of oil to be processed. This increases the profit resulting from performing oil desalting. On the other hand, crude oil conductivity increases exponentially with temperature, which implies a higher rate of power consumption. A simulation model was developed to determine the optimum temperature at which a maximum economic benefit occurs. It was concluded that an optimum temperature occurs at 135oC.Resumen. Se estudiaron las principales variables que impactan elproceso de desalado de crudo mediante el desarrollo de correlacionesmatemáticas que representan la variación de densidad, conductividad y viscosidad del crudo Maya como funciones de la temperatura. Ladiscusión teórica mostró que un incremento en la temperatura de proceso da lugar a dos efectos contrarios. En primera instancia, una disminución en la densidad y viscosidad implica un aumento en la velocidad de sedimentación de las gotas de agua contenidas en la faseorgánica. Lo anterior permite que mayor cantidad de crudo sea procesada en un mismo periodo. Por lo tanto, se incrementan los beneficios económicos derivados de realizar esta operación. Por otro lado, la conductividad del crudo aumenta de manera exponencial con la temperatura, lo cual implica mayor consumo de energía eléctrica. Sedesarrolló un modelo de simulación para determinar la temperaturaóptima, en la cual se obtiene el máximo beneficio. Se concluyó que latemperatura óptima de desalado es 135ºC.
The Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: final design development of the data reduction system (2020)

IRIS (Infrared Imaging Spectrograph) is the near-infrared (0.84 to 2.4 micron) diffraction-limited imager and Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) designed for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and the Narrow-Field Infrared Adaptive Optics System ( NFIRAOS ). The imager will have a 34 arcsec x 34 arcsec field of view with 4 milliarcseconds (mas) pixels. The IFS consists of a lenslet array and slicer, enabling four plate scales from 4 mas to 50 mas, with multiple gratings and filters. We will report the progress on the development of the IRIS Data Reduction System ( DRS ) in the final design phase. The IRIS DRS is being developed in Python with the software architecture based on the James Webb Space Telescope science calibration pipeline. We are developing a library of algorithms as individual Python classes that can be configured independently and bundled into pipelines. We will interface this with the observatory software to run online during observations and we will release the package publicly for scientists to develop custom analyses. It also includes a C library for readout processing to be used for both in real-time processing (e.g., up-the-ramp, MCDS) as well the ability for astronomers to use for offline reduction. Lastly, we will also discuss the development of the IRIS simulation packages that simulate raw spectra and image readout-data from the Hawaii-4RG detectors, which helps in developing reduction algorithms during this design phase.
Accuracy of Numerical Simulations of Tip Clearance Flow in Transonic Compressor Rotors Improved Dramatically (2000)

The tip clearance flows of transonic compressor rotors have a significant impact on rotor and stage performance. Although numerical simulations of these flows are quite sophisticated, they are seldom verified through rigorous comparisons of numerical and measured data because, in high-speed machines, measurements acquired in sufficient detail to be useful are rare. Researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field compared measured tip clearance flow details (e.g., trajectory and radial extent) of the NASA Rotor 35 with results obtained from a numerical simulation. Previous investigations had focused on capturing the detailed development of the jetlike flow leaking through the clearance gap between the rotating blade tip and the stationary compressor shroud. However, we discovered that the simulation accuracy depends primarily on capturing the detailed development of a wall-bounded shear layer formed by the relative motion between the leakage jet and the shroud.
GMTI Performance Analysis for Circular Scanning SAR Equipped on Slow Platform (2008)

The GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indication) performance for circular scanning SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) equipped on slow platform was analyzed in this paper. The characteristics of SAR equipped on slow platform and the GMTI application were descript in the beginning, and the circular scanning mode was advanced to resolve the low azimuth imaging efficiency of the slow platform borne SAR. Then the range models of the stationary and moving targets based on circular scanning mode were built, and the Doppler frequency expressions were derived from the range models. The detectable velocities distribution areas were derived by separating the Doppler frequency of two kinds of targets. The quantitative computer simulations were given to demonstrate the detectable velocities area along with azimuth angle and pulse repetition frequency in the end.
Apatorsen plus docetaxel versus docetaxel alone in platinum-resistant metastatic urothelial carcinoma (Borealis-2) (2018)

A/D met its predefined OS end point in patients with platinum-refractory mUC in this phase II trial. This trial is hypothesis generating requiring further study before informing practice.
Discovery of 2-aminoimidazole and 2-amino imidazolyl-thiazoles as non-xanthine human adenosine A3receptor antagonists: SAR and molecular modeling studies (2018)

A small-molecule combinatorial library of 24 compounds with 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminoimidazolyl-thiazole derivatives was synthesized using a 2-chloro trityl resin. The generated compound library was tested against all the human adenosine receptors subtypes. The 2-aminoimidazole derivatives (<b>6a-6l</b>) showed weak to moderate affinity towards the human adenosine receptors. Further modification to 2-aminoimidazolyl-thiazole derivatives (<b>12a-12l</b>) resulted in an improvement of affinity at adenosine A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub> and A<sub>3</sub> receptor subtypes. Compound <b>12b</b> was the most potent and selective non-xanthine human adenosine A<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist of this series. A receptor-based modeling study was performed to explore the possible binding mode of these novel 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminoimidazolyl-thiazole derivatives into human adenosine A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub> and A<sub>3</sub> receptor subtypes.
Variation and composition of bacterial populations in the rhizospheres of maize, wheat, and grass cultivars (1989)

Differences in the size and composition of bacterial populations found in the rhizospheres of maize, wheat, and grass were compared. Significant differences in the fluorescent pseudomonad and "coryneform" groups were found among the cultivars of each plant species. Only between the two maize cultivars, reported to be resistant and susceptible to Fusarium species, and between the two grass lines, known to be resistant and susceptible to Dreschera poae, could significance be found in the total numbers of bacteria counted. In each case higher bacterial counts were recorded in the rhizospheres of cultivars susceptible to disease. No conclusion could be reached with regard to differences that occurred between the two cultivars of wheat that are known to differ in tolerance to pH. Although actinomycetes appeared to represent a high percentage of the total bacterial population in maize, insufficient data prevent further interpretation. Bacillus numbers do not differ with any significance betewen cultivars or even between cultivars and counts made in root-free soil. Both the Bacillus and fluorescent pseudomonad groups were found to be represented in lower numbers in the rhizosphere of all cultivars than either the actinomycetes or "coryneform" groups. The findings of this study correlate highly with previously published work in stressing the importance of the plant's influence on the bacteria in its own rhizosphere. As this may mean that a plant, given the right genetical configuration, can influence the development of a favourable rhizosphere flora, the mechanism involved in this relationship should be investigated.Key words: bacteria, disease resistance, pH, rhizosphere, selective stimulation.
Neutral anion receptors: design and application (1998)

After the development of synthetic cation receptors in the late 1960s, only in the past decade has work started on the development of synthetic neutral anion receptors. Combination and preorganization of different anion binding groups, like amides, urea moieties, or Lewis acidic metal centers lead to receptor molecules that strongly bind inorganic anions with high selectivity. Combined with neutral cation ligands, ditopic receptors were obtained for the complexation of inorganic salts. The molecular complexation properties of anion receptors has been transduced into macroscopic properties in membrane separation processes and in sensors for selective anion detection.
Analyses of Adsorption Behavior of CO2, CH4, and N2 on Different Types of BETA Zeolites (2018)

Abstract The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 on three types of BETA zeolites were investigated at different temperatures and a defined partial pressure range from dynamic breakthrough experiments. The adsorbed amount followed the decreasing order of CO 2 &gt; CH 4 &gt; N 2 for all studied materials. For the same ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , the Na‐BETA‐25 zeolite showed a higher uptake capacity than H‐BETA‐25, due to the presence of a Na + cationic center. Comparing the same H + compensation cation, zeolite H‐BETA‐25 expressed a slightly higher adsorption capacity than H‐BETA‐150. Regarding the selectivity of gases, based on their affinity constants, H‐BETA‐150 displayed the best ability. The adsorption kinetics was considered using the zero‐length‐column (ZLC) technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the interactions between adsorption parameters and to describe the process.
Active Microfluidic Cooling of Integrated Circuits (2008)

The uptake, translocation, and transformation of 2,2',4,4'-tetra brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) were comprehensively investigated by hydroponic experiments using compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) and transcriptome analysis. The results indicated that BDE-47 was quickly adsorbed on epidermis of wheat roots and then absorbed in roots via water and anion channels as well as an active process dependent on energy. A small fraction of BDE-47 in roots was subjected to translocation acropetally, and an increase of δ<sup>13</sup>C values in shoots than roots implied that BDE-47 in roots had to cross at least one lipid bilayer to enter the vascular bundle via transporters. In addition, accompanied by the decreasing concentrations, δ<sup>13</sup>C values of BDE-47 showed the increasing trend with time in shoots, indicating occurrence of BDE-47 transformation. OH-PBDEs were detected as transformation products, and the hydroxyl group preferentially substituted at the ortho-positions of BDE-47. Based on transcriptome analysis, genes encoding polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, nitrate reductases, and glutathione <i>S</i>-transferases, were significantly upregulated after exposure to BDE-47 in shoots, further evidencing BDE-47 transformation. This study first reported the stable carbon isotope fractionation of PBDEs during translocation and transformation in plants, and application of CSIA and transcriptome analysis allowed systematically characterize the environmental behaviors of pollutants in plants.
Two-level total disc replacement with Mobi-C(r) over 3-years (2014)

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of two-level total disc replacement (TDR) using a Mobi-C(r) Cervical Artificial Disc at the 36 month follow-up. Methods: a Prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial of an artificial cervical disc (Mobi-C(r) Cervical Artificial Disc) was conducted under the Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) and the U.S. Food &amp; Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. A total of 339 patients with degenerative disc disease were enrolled to receive either two-level treatment with TDR, or a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) as control. The 234 TDR patients and 105 ACDF patients were followed up at regular time points for three years after surgery. Results: At 36 months, both groups demonstrated an improvement in clinical outcome measures and a comparable safety profile. NDI scores, SF-12 PCS scores, patient satisfaction, and overall success indicated greater statistically significant improvement from baseline for the TDR group, in comparison to the ACDF group. The TDR patients experienced lower subsequent surgery rates and a lower rate of adjacent segment degeneration. On average, the TDR patients maintained segmental range of motion through 36 months with no device failure. Conclusion: Results at three-years support TDR as a safe, effective and statistically superior alternative to ACDF for the treatment of degenerative disc disease at two contiguous cervical levels.