gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ret signalling integrates a craniofacial muscle module during development (2011)

An appropriate organisation of muscles is crucial for their function, yet it is not known how functionally related muscles are coordinated with each other during development. In this study, we show that the development of a subset of functionally related head muscles in the zebrafish is regulated by Ret tyrosine kinase signalling. Three genes in the Ret pathway (gfra3, artemin2 and ret) are required specifically for the development of muscles attaching to the opercular bone (gill cover), but not other adjacent muscles. In animals lacking Ret or Gfra3 function, myogenic gene expression is reduced in forming opercular muscles, but not in non-opercular muscles derived from the same muscle anlagen. These animals have a normal skeleton with small or missing opercular muscles and tightly closed mouths. Myogenic defects correlate with a highly restricted expression of artn2, gfra3 and ret in mesenchymal cells in and around the forming opercular muscles. ret(+) cells become restricted to the forming opercular muscles and a loss of Ret signalling results in reductions of only these, but not adjacent, muscles, revealing a specific role of Ret in a subset of head muscles. We propose that Ret signalling regulates myogenesis in head muscles in a modular manner and that this is achieved by restricting Ret function to a subset of muscle precursors.
A Precision Low-TC Wide-Range CMOS Current Reference (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes a programmable temperature-compensated CMOS current reference. The proposed circuit achieves a first-order temperature compensation by canceling the negative temperature coefficient (TC) of an on-chip poly resistor with the positive TC of a MOS transistor operating in the ohmic region. Programmability of the current reference is enabled with the use of floating-gate transistors, thus allowing arbitrary current values to be set accurately. The temperature compensation is independent of the reference value; a low TC reference is possible for a wide range of currents. Prototypes from a 0.5 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS process exhibited a maximum temperature coefficient of 132 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{ppm}}/^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex></formula> for a temperature range of 0<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\,^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex> </formula> to 80<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\,^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex> </formula>. Experimental results showed a current precision of 0.02% along with a line regulation of 1%/V for a supply voltage of 2.3 V to 3.3 V. These results were obtained for current references of 16 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\mu{\hbox{A}}$</tex></formula> to 53 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\mu{\hbox{A}}$</tex></formula> for five different prototypes. </para>
Dichlorido(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)palladium(II) (2009)

In the title complex, [PdCl(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))], the Pd(2+) ion is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment by two N atoms of the chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two chloride ions. The nearly planar mol-ecules, with a maximum deviation of 0.120 (3) Å from the least-squares plane, are stacked in columns along the c axis with a Pd⋯Pd distance of 4.8340 (9) Å. In the column, π-π inter-actions between adjacent six-membered rings are present, the shortest centroid-centroid distance being 3.680 (4) Å. A weak C-H⋯Cl inter-action is observed between the columns.
Demonstration and Electrical Performance of Cu–Cu Bonding at 150 °C With Pd Passivation (2015)

In this paper, one low-temperature direct Cu bonding structure is demonstrated using metal passivated layers. With the protection of Cu bonding layer, the bonding temperature can be reduced to meet low thermal budget requirement. Direct wafer-level Cu bond scheme with Pd passivation is successfully demonstrated at 150°C. Electrical performance along with the material analysis and reliability tests of passivated Cu bonded structures is presented. Furthermore, reliability assessments, including current stressing, temperature cycling, and unbiased highly accelerated stress test, imply excellent stability without electrical degradation. Diffusion behavior between passivation Pd and Cu layers is surveyed, and the corresponding mechanism is discussed as well. The low-temperature Cu/Pd-Pd/Cu bonded structure presents good bond quality and electrical performance, indicating a great potential for 3-D integration applications.
Tailoring Ultrasound-Induced Growth of Perylene Diimide Nanowire Crystals from Solution by Modification with Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (2015)

Tailoring nanocrystalline morphologies of organic semiconductors holds importance for organic electronics due to the influence of crystal characteristics on optoelectronic properties. Soluble additives that control crystal growth are commonly found in a variety of contexts such as biomineralization, pharmaceutical processing, and food science, while the use of ultrasound to modify crystal nucleation and growth has been routinely employed in producing crystals of food ingredients, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, and inorganic materials. However, both methods have been applied to the growth of organic semiconductor crystals only in limited fashion. Here, we combine these two approaches to show that colloidally stable nanowire suspensions of a n-type small molecule, perylene diimide (PDI), can be prepared with well-controlled structures by sonocrystallization in the presence of a p-type polymer, poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT), as a soluble additive. By preferentially adsorbing on lateral crystal faces, P3HT dramatically reduces PDI crystal growth rate in the lateral directions relative to that along the nanowire axis, yielding nanocrystals with widths below 20 nm and narrow width distributions. With the use of uniform short PDI nanowires as seeds and extension with metastable solutions, controlled growth of PDI nanowires by "living crystallization" is demonstrated, providing access to narrowed length distributions and tailored branched crystal morphologies.
Impact of normative brain volume reports on the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia disorders in neuroradiology: A real-world, clinical practice study (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Normative brain volume reports (NBVR) are becoming more available in the work-up of patients with suspected dementia disorders, potentially leveraging the value of structural MRI in clinical settings. The present study aims to investigate the impact of NBVRs on the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia disorders in real-world clinical practice. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed data of 112 memory clinic patients, who were consecutively referred for MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) during a 12-month period. Structural MRI was assessed by two residents with 2 and 3 years of neuroimaging experience. Statements and diagnostic confidence regarding the presence of a neurodegenerative disorder in general (first level) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pattern in particular (second level) were recorded without and with NBVR information. FDG-PET served as the reference standard. <b>Results:</b> Overall, despite a trend towards increased accuracy, the impact of NBVRs on diagnostic accuracy was low and non-significant. We found a significant drop of sensitivity (0.75-0.58; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and increase of specificity (0.62-0.85; <i>p</i> < 0.001) for rater 1 at identifying patients with neurodegenerative dementia disorders. Diagnostic confidence increased for rater 2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, NBVRs had a limited impact on diagnostic accuracy in real-world clinical practice. Potentially, NBVR might increase diagnostic specificity and confidence of neuroradiology residents. To this end, a well-defined framework for integration of NBVR in the diagnostic process and improved algorithms of NBVR generation are essential.
LinkedPPI: enabling intuitive, integrative protein-protein interaction discovery (2014)

Abstract. Understanding the dynamics of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a cardinal step for studying human diseases at the molecular level. Advances in “sequencing ” technologies have resulted in a deluge of biological data related to gene and protein expression, yet our knowledge of PPI networks is far from complete. The lack of an integrated vocab-ulary makes querying this data difficult for domain users, whereas the large volume makes it difficult for intuitive exploration. In this paper we employ Linked Data technologies to develop a framework ‘LinkedPPI’ to facilitate domain researchers in integrative PPI discovery. We demon-strate the semantic integration of various data sources pertaining to bi-ological interactions, expression and functions using a domain-specific model. We deploy a platform which enables search and aggregative visu-alization in real-time. We finally showcase three user scenarios to depict how our approach can help identify potential interactions between pro-teins, domains and genomic segments.
Estimation of Stress Distribution in the Convex Type Tablet using Specific Enzyme Activity as a Parameter (1973)

The concentration and the distribution of stress by compression with several different pressures in convex type tablets were studied, measuring specific enzyme activities of proteinase as a parameter. As for the parts where stress center, a new zone which gives worse damages to the enzyme activity was found that appeared about two third from the center of tablets in the longitudinal direction. And the new zone was related to structural breakings in the experiment of compression of large two dimensional model. It was estimated that Lamination is closely related to the recovery of elastic deformation at the new zone and that Capping is related to that at upper corners. The new zone was proposed by authors to be called the L zone for its close relation to the phenomenon of Lamination.
Differentially coherent fading-resistant transmission from several antennas (2002)

This paper proposes a bandwidth-efficient fading resistant transmission scheme which implements transmitter diversity using L antennas at the base station. When the antennas are spaced sufficiently far apart, the transmission from each antenna undergoes independent fading. These transmissions are coordinated to mitigate the effects of Rayleigh fading and the mobile receiver can recover the entire L-dimensional transmitted vector as long as the signal energy of at least one coordinate is large enough. L-dimensional fading-resistant signal constellations are generated by maximizing a figure of merit for the Rayleigh fading channel, assuming differential encoding and detection. This scheme offers a significant performance improvement over a conventional single-antenna differential BPSK scheme when coding is ineffective due to slow fading.
High-level ectopic HOXB4 expression confers a profound in vivo competitive growth advantage on human cord blood CD34+ cells, but impairs lymphomyeloid differentiation (2003)

Ectopic retroviral expression of homeobox B4 (HOXB4) causes an accelerated and enhanced regeneration of murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is not known to compromise any program of lineage differentiation. However, HOXB4 expression levels for expansion of human stem cells have still to be established. To test the proposed hypothesis that HOXB4 could become a prime tool for in vivo expansion of genetically modified human HSCs, we retrovirally overexpressed HOXB4 in purified cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells together with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter protein, and evaluated the impact of ectopic HOXB4 expression on proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. When injected separately into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice or in competition with control vector-transduced cells, HOXB4-overexpressing cord blood CD34+ cells had a selective growth advantage in vivo, which resulted in a marked enhancement of the primitive CD34+ subpopulation (P =.01). However, high HOXB4 expression substantially impaired the myeloerythroid differentiation program, and this was reflected in a severe reduction of erythroid and myeloid progenitors in vitro (P <.03) and in vivo (P =.01). Furthermore, HOXB4 overexpression also significantly reduced B-cell output (P <.01). These results show for the first time unwanted side effects of ectopic HOXB4 expression and therefore underscore the need to carefully determine the therapeutic window of HOXB4 expression levels before initializing clinical trials.
PREVALENCE OF MORTALITY AND ITS DISTRIBUTION BY SEX AND AGE GROUPS IN INDOOR COVID-19 PATIENTS IN D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN (2021)

Background: COVID-19 has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of mortality and its distribution by sex and age groups in indoor COVID-19 patients in D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan.Materials Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan. A sample of 438 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was selected. Sex age-groups were two demographic and presence of mortality was a research variable. The data type for all variables was nominal, except ordinal age groups. Prevalence distribution were described by count and percentage with 95%CI. The hypotheses were tested by chi-square goodness of fit test.Results: Out of 438 COVID-19 patients, mortality was 43 (9.82%), including 34 (7.76%) men and nine (2.06%) women. The mortality was 0% for 0-19 years, four (0.92%) for 20-39 years, 12 (2.74%) for 40-59 years and 27 (6.16%) ≥60 years. Our mortality 9.82% was lower than expected 20.95% (p=.001). It was higher in men than women (p=.001). It was highest in age group ≥60 years, while 0% in 0-19 years. It was similar to expected by sex (p=.070) and age group (p=.207).Conclusion: Our study showed 9.82% mortality in indoor COVID-19 patients. The mortality was lower than expected. The mortality was higher in men than women. It was highest in elderly, while zero in children and adolescents. It was similar to expected by sex and age group.
The Use of Interbody Cage Devices for Spinal Deformity: A Biomechanical Perspective (2002)

Spinal instrumentation has revolutionized the treatment of spinal deformities and offers a plethora of techniques and designs to surgically treat deformity conditions. The authors address the biomechanical properties afforded by various posterior and anterior spinal instrumentation mechanisms, with and without intervertebral reconstruction, and the principles associated with optimal reconstruction techniques. The integration of multiple strategies can improve anterior and posterior construct stiffness in the treatment of spinal deformities. Structural interbody support probably is the best method to minimize longitudinal rod and screw-bone interface strain. Moreover, anterior load-bearing structural grafts and interbody devices have been shown to increase construct stiffness, decrease the incidence posterior implant failure, permit the use of smaller diameter longitudinal rods, and may enhance the rate of successful spinal arthrodesis. From a biomechanical standpoint, treatment of medium to high-grade spondylolisthesis with stand-alone interbody or transvertebral cages, in the absence of supplemental posterior fixation, is contraindicated. Collectively, the included studies reinforce the principles of load sharing between the anterior and posterior spinal columns and affirm the biomechanical dominance of anterior column support in circumferential spinal arthrodesis.
Penning Ionization of CH3OH, (CH3)2O, and (CH3CH2)2O by Collision with He(23S) Metastable Atoms (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPenning Ionization of CH3OH, (CH3)2O, and (CH3CH2)2O by Collision with He(23S) Metastable AtomsHideo Yamakado, Masayo Yamauchi, Shigeo Hoshino, and Koichi OhnoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 47, 17093–17099Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100047a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100047a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Avaliação da silagem de grãos de milho úmido com diferentes volumosos para tourinhos em terminação: desempenho e características de carcaça (2007)

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos do fornecimento de silagem de grãos de milho úmido com o milho em grão seco, associados à silagem de milho ou ao bagaço in natura de cana-de-açúcar, sobre o desempenho e as características da carcaça de bovinos em terminação. Em blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial 2 × 2, 28 tourinhos Santa Gertrudes (dez meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 245 kg) foram mantidos em confinamento durante 142 dias. Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais e receberam dietas com 12 e 20% da MS em forma de bagaço ou silagem, respectivamente. O milho úmido foi moído e ensilado quando se encontrava com 30% de umidade. Não houve interação significativa tipo de volumoso x tipo de processamento do milho sobre as variáveis estudadas. O bagaço mostrou-se viável como fonte exclusiva de fibra, apesar de os resultados de ganho de peso, eficiência alimentar, peso e rendimento de carcaça e espessura de gordura subcutânea terem sido inferiores aos obtidos com a silagem de milho. O ganho diário de peso nos animais alimentados com o bagaço foi em torno de 1,3 kg, enquanto, com a silagem, foi de 1,5 kg. O consumo de MS não foi influenciado pelo tipo de volumoso ou pelo processamento do milho. O uso da silagem de grãos de milho úmido melhorou a eficiência alimentar em 9,7% e reduziu o peso do fígado quando comparado ao milho seco, mas não alterou as demais características avaliadas.
Electron-Withdrawing Effect of Native Terminal Groups on the Lattice Structure of Ti3C2Tx MXenes Studied by Resonance Raman Scattering: Implications for Embedding MXenes in Electronic Composites (2019)

MXenes comprise a class of 2D materials with attractive properties for use in electronically functional composites. However, a fundamental understanding of these properties at the scale of individual flakes is necessary. Here, we use resonance Raman scattering of Ti3C2Tx MXenes to study their vibrational modes as a function of the flake thickness and surface terminations. Enhancement enables a precise comparison of the peak shifts in MILD/HF-method etching environments that produce different functional group densities on the MXene layer surfaces. We find that the enhanced Raman modes are sensitive to the different electron-withdrawing character of the surface functional groups.
Dengue Type-2 Virus Envelope Protein Made Using Recombinant Baculovirus Protects Mice against Virus Challenge (1994)

The gene coding for the envelope (E) glycoprotein of dengue-2 virus was cloned into baculovirus (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus). The recombinant virus contained the entire E protein gene, preceded by 38 nucleotides from the end of the prematrix glycoprotein gene and followed by the first 83 nucleotides of nonstructural protein 1. When expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells, approximately 1 mg of recombinant E antigen was made per 10(9) cells. This antigen reacted with polyclonal, anti-dengue type-2 antibody and a dengue type-2-specific, neutralizing monoclonal antibody. BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant antigen produced only non-neutralizing antibody against dengue-2 virus, but were partially protected against morbidity and mortality after intracranial challenge with virulent dengue-2 virus.
A sensitive solid phase microradioimmunoassay for anti‐double stranded DNA antibodies (1981)

A sensitive solid phase microradioimmunoassay has been developed for measurement of antidouble stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies. In this procedure, advantage has been taken of the capacity of poly-L-lysine (PLL) to facilitate the binding of pure dsDNA to plastic surfaces. In the absence of PLL, binding did not occur. Diluted sera were incubated in PLL-treated dsDNA-coated microtitration trays and anti-dsDNA Ig measured using affinity purified 125I-anti-Ig of high specific activity. The synthetic DNA, poly dA-dT, was used as a model for dsDNA. In initial experiments, specific anti-DNA binding could not be demonstrated because of high background binding of patient Ig to PLL-treated surfaces. This was reduced by diluting test sera and anti-Ig in buffer containing 2% BGG and 1% BSA. Specificity of the assay for DNA was demonstrated by absorbing the anti-DNA activity on DNA-coated plastic. The binding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient serum Ig to poly dA-dT coated trays did not diminish after digestion with nuclease S1, suggesting that the synthetic polymer is an appropriate model for dsDNA. Patient and normal sera were screened for anti-dsDNA activity using poly dA-dT as antigen. None of the 38 normal sera, 23 of 35 active SLE sera, 1 of 25 treated SLE, 4 of 35 rheumatoid arthritis, 3 of 35 scleroderma, and 1 of 13 polymyositis sera demonstrated positive anti-dsDNA activity. The anti-dsDNA values obtained in the radioimmunoassay correlated significantly with those obtained in the Crithidia luciliae assay.
Somatic Alterations in Prostate Cancer Progression (2007)

The chromosomal aberrations typical for prostate cancer have been quite well characterized by using molecular genetic tools, such as the analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and the array-based CGH (aCGH). Consequently, the major challenge during recent years has been the identification of the individual genes targeted by these chromosomal alterations. Although some target genes, including the androgen receptor gene (AR) at Xq and the PTEN tumor suppressor gene at the 10q, are already known, most target genes are yet to be discovered. Overall, only a few genes have been found to be mutated in prostate cancer. The most common alterations of individual genes, detected so far, are hypermethylation of the GSTP1 gene, amplification of the AR gene, and mutations in the TP53 and PTEN genes. Because genetic alterations seem to point out the weak spots of cancer and have, thus, been used as markers for druggable targets in many other cancer types, it would be extremely important to carry out systematic mutation screening programs to find more genes that are frequently mutated also in prostate cancer.