gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Statistical Analysis of Rare Circuit Failure Events via Scaled-Sigma Sampling for High-Dimensional Variation Space (2015)

Accurately estimating the rare failure rates for nanoscale circuit blocks (e.g., static random-access memory, D flip-flop, etc.) is a challenging task, especially when the variation space is high-dimensional. In this paper, we propose a novel scaled-sigma sampling (SSS) method to address this technical challenge. The key idea of SSS is to generate random samples from a distorted distribution for which the standard deviation (i.e., sigma) is scaled up. Next, the failure rate is accurately estimated from these scaled random samples by using an analytical model derived from the theorem of “soft maximum.” Our proposed SSS method can simultaneously estimate the rare failure rates for multiple performances and/or specifications with only a single set of transistor-level simulations. To quantitatively assess the accuracy of SSS, we estimate the confidence interval of SSS based on bootstrap. Several circuit examples designed in nanoscale technologies demonstrate that the proposed SSS method achieves significantly better accuracy than the traditional importance sampling technique when the dimensionality of the variation space is more than a few hundred.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS OF THE VALENCE ISOMERIZATION OF QUADRICYCLENE (1985)

Abstract Die elektrochemisch induzierte Umlagerung von Quadricyclen (I) zu Norbornadien (II) wird gaschromatographisch (0,01 M Nonan als innerer Standard) untersucht.
Determination of bezafibrate and ciprofibrate in pharmaceutical formulations by densitometric and videodensitometric TLC (2005)

New simple TLC methods with densitometry and videoscanning have been developed for the quantitation of bezafibrate in Bezamidin tablets and ciprofibrate in Lipanor capsules. Analysis was performed on HPTLC Diol F 254 plates with hexane-tetrahydrofuran, 8 + 2, as mobile phase. Detection was performed by densitometry at λ = 227 nm and videoscanning at λ = 254 nm. Calibration plots were constructed in the range 5–30 µg per spot for both drugs. The calibration data were tested using several regression models and the optimum models were selected (quadratic for videoscanning and nonlinear y = axm + b for densitometry; R2 was always >0.995). The active substances were extracted from tablets with methanol. The linearity of the method was tested by spotting different amounts of extracted solution (15–30 mg). The recovery function was always sufficiently linear, with an insignificant intercept and slope very close to unity. Accuracy was tested by quantitating three fortified samples (50, 100, and 150%); this resulted in homogeneous results without significant differences. Recovery measured by use of densitometry was 100.3% ( RSD 7.84%) for bezafibrate and 98.01% ( RSD 6.12%) for ciprofibrate. Videodensitometry resulted in recovery of 96.16% ( RSD 9.8%) and 97.8% ( RSD 11.2%), respectively. The F-Snedecor test and t -test for two means showed there was no significant difference between the precision and accuracy of the methods.
Label free monitoring of megakaryocytic development and proplatelet formation in vitro (2017)

Megakaryopoiesis and platelet production are complex biological processes that require tight regulation of successive lineage commitment steps and are ultimately responsible for maintaining and renewing the pool of circulating platelets in the blood. Despite major advancements in the understanding of megakaryocytic biology, the detailed mechanisms driving megakaryocytic differentiation have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that automated image analysis algorithms applied to two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) images can non-invasively monitor structural and metabolic megakaryocyte behavior changes occurring during differentiation and platelet formation in vitro. Our results demonstrate that high-contrast, label-free two photon imaging holds great potential in studying the underlying physiological processes controlling the intricate process of platelet production.
[Sex differences in the field of laboratory medicine]. (2009)

It is well-known that there are significant "sex differences" in many laboratory tests. After puberty onset, sex-specific organs are well developed and clinical tests concerning their functions show obvious sex differences. On the other hand, sex differences are minimal or negligible in other test items representing functions of organs common in the both sexes. But, there are some exceptions. While in childhood, sex steroids secretions from sex-specific organs are inhibited in both sexes, after puberty onset, differences in the amount of secretion of sex steroids increase, resulting, either in a direct or indirect ways, in sex differences of the blood levels of many laboratory tests. The mechanisms of sex differences are not clear in many test items. Indeed, sex difference in height is not necessarily completely unraveled. Further studies on mechanisms of sex differences in laboratory tests will reveal mysterious differences between men and women.
Cytokines As Vaccine Adjuvants: The Use of Interleukin-2 (2003)

Live attenuated virus and bacterial vaccines are generally more potent than subunit or nucleic acid vaccines because of the host’s vigorous inflammatory response to them. The challenge to building effective subunit or nucleic acid vaccines is incorporating those factors in the regimen that mimic an infection, resulting in a robust and protective immune response. Numerous cytokines have been shown to significantly modulate the inflammatory process, including interleukin-12 (IL-12), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-2 (IL-2), (reviewed in 1 and 2). The addition of recombinant or nucleic acid-derived cytokine(s) to a vaccine regimen can therefore enhance the endogenous immune response to the vaccine antigen.
Prostate cancer research: The next generation; report from the 2019 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting (2019)

This meeting report provides a comprehensive summary of the talks and discussions held at the 2019 CHPCA Meeting, for the purpose of globally disseminating this knowledge and ultimately accelerating new treatments and diagnostics for patients with prostate cancer.
On Optimal Unequal Error/Erasure Protection of Scalable Video Multicasting Using Randomized Linear Network Codes (2011)

Unequal error/erasure protection (UEP) is often employed in multilayer video streaming to ensure successful reception of the important reference layers. In this paper, we investigate possible ways to provide such protection to the multicasting sessions of scalable video codes (SVC) using randomized linear network codes (RLNCs). We surmised that it takes both proper combination of transmitted symbols at the source nodes and selective mixing of these symbols over the transport network to produce desirable UEP effects. To test our hypothesis, we conducted multicasting experiments over acyclic transport networks exhibiting localized or widespread packet losses. We observed that only a small collection of RLNCs is capable of providing proper UEP by taking into account the utility values of different SVC layers and the packet loss rates along different communication links. Specifically, we discovered layered coding structures in the optimal UEP-RLNCs that mirror corresponding layered structures in the scalable video codes. We also quantified the UEP capability of network codes using separation vectors and showed the gradual changes of codeword separations among different UEP-RLNCs. Finally, we developed a prototype implementation of UEP-RLNCs by extending Chou et al.'s practical network coding scheme.
Metabolic and inflammatory markers: associations with individual depressive symptoms (2017)

Increased appetite - in the context of a depressive episode - was the only symptom that was associated with both metabolic as well as inflammatory markers, and could be a key feature of an immuno-metabolic form of depression. This immuno-metabolic depression should be considered in clinical trials evaluating effectiveness of compounds targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways or lifestyle interventions.
On the Relationship Between Dependence Tree Classification Error and Bayes Error Rate (2007)

Wong and Poon [1] showed that Chow and Liu's tree dependence approximation can be derived by minimizing an upper bound of the Bayes error rate. Wong and Poon's result was obtained by expanding the conditional entropy H(w|X). We derive the correct expansion of H(w|X) and present its implication.
Comparison of subscriber assignment methods on scalable distributed Pub/Sub systems (2015)

Scalable messaging methods for IoT services are needed to accommodate a vast number of devices. Skip Graph based topic based pub/sub (SG-TPS), which utilizes multiple brokers composing a structured overlay network, is one of the promising candidates. In SG-TPS, the distribution delay time is widely influenced by a way to assign subscribers to each broker. There are two possible approaches: the intensive assignment by which subscribers having a same topic are accommodated on a same broker, and the extensive assignment by which the subscribers are accommodated on different brokers as far as possible. In this paper, we formulate the difference of the distribution delay time between these two approaches, and discuss about the optimization of subscriber assignment.
Whole body teleoperation of a humanoid robot - a method of integrating operator's intention and robot's autonomy (2004)

This paper proposes a new method for the teleoperation of humanoid robots which integrates human operator's intention with robot's autonomy. Getting hints from human conscious and subconscious motion generations, we propose a method which generates whole body motions of a humanoid robot satisfying operator's desired movement of specific points on which the operator focuses as well as the robot's balance. The proposed method is based on a whole body momentum control. We also introduce a function of automatic adjustments of the position of the center of mass and torso orientation in order to expand the reachable area of a humanoid robot. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by using humanoid robot simulator OpenHRP with physical parameters of real humanoid robot HRP-1S.
Change in myopia prevalence over 24 months in a school population from 6 to 13 years of age in Portugal (2018)

There is a global concern with myopia onset and progression in children due to the potential of reaching higher levels in adulthood with direct implications on ocular morbidity and blindness. However, most studies in Europe cover older populations[1,2] and few cover younger populations[3]. Presently we do not have information about the prevalence of myopia and its progression in children and adolescents in Portugal for these age range[4]. The purpose of the present study was to know the progression patterns of refractive error in a population of young children aged 6 to 13 years of age in Portuguese population attending a school in a mixed urban and rural context.
Adaptive quality of service for streamed MPEG-4 over the Internet (2002)

Currently multimedia is either downloaded before viewing, or streamed over a network. However, the problem of streaming real-time or near real-time applications with a specified quality of service (QoS) over the Internet is still unsolved. The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) can be used to facilitate streaming, but also has the potential to support QoS. By gathering network statistics during the session and defining different QoS levels, we propose to adapt multimedia streaming to a fluctuating network load and/or client requests, thereby providing adaptive QoS. We describe the simple server and client applications we have implemented to illustrate this adaptation process.
The Transporter Associated With Antigen Processing: Function and Implications in Human Diseases (2002)

The adaptive immune systems have evolved to protect the organism against pathogens encountering the host. Extracellular occurring viruses or bacteria are mainly bound by antibodies from the humoral branch of the immune response, whereas infected or malignant cells are identified and eliminated by the cellular immune system. To enable the recognition, proteins are cleaved into peptides in the cytosol and are presented on the cell surface by class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The transport of the antigenic peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and loading onto the MHC class I molecules is an essential process for the presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The delivery of these peptides is performed by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). TAP is a heterodimer of TAP1 and TAP2, each subunit containing transmembrane domains and an ATP-binding motif. Sequence homology analysis revealed that TAP belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters. Loss of TAP function leads to a loss of cell surface expression of MHC class I molecules. This may be a strategy for tumors and virus-infected cells to escape immune surveillance. Structure and function of the TAP complex as well as the implications of loss or downregulation of TAP is the topic of this review.
Formation and Raman spectroscopic study of YBCO/STO/YBCO heteroepitaxial structures (1994)

Superconductor-ferroelectric-superconductor (SFS) structures were produced by magnetron sputtering of ceramic YBa2Cu3O7- delta and BaxSr1-xTiO3 targets. Raman spectroscopy was effectively used for characterization of superconducting and ferroelectric films in layered structures. Electrical characteristics, such as the temperature dependence of resistance, current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics were measured. The possibility of applying SFS structures as cryoelectronic capacitors with voltage control is demonstrated.
Unveiling the Concentration-Dependent Grain Growth of Perovskite Films from One- and Two-Step Deposition Methods: Implications for Photovoltaic Application (2017)

In order to achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells, understanding both the crystal structure and the optoelectronic properties of perovskite layers is of importance. This paper uses crystallization analysis and the modeling study of two different perovskite deposition methods (two- and one-step methods) and thereby shows that the one-step method embodies a film formation process that is dominated by crystal growth, while the dominant mechanism of the two-step procedure is nucleation. Our data based on experimental and theory shows that the one-step recipe is superior in terms of morphology control, and, hence, reproducibility, compared to the two-step recipe.
Feasibility and Outcomes of Laparoscopic Renal Intervention After Prior Open Ipsilateral Retroperitoneal Surgery (2012)

LRI after previous open ipsilateral retroperitoneal surgery is feasible. Repeated partial nephrectomy has the highest conversion risks among the laparoscopic renal interventions and appears to be independent of previous renal or adrenal procedure. Attempting repeated LRI for multiple tumors is a significant risk factor for open conversion. Renal functional and oncologic outcomes are encouraging at early follow-up.
Creating architectures with building blocks (1995)

Large systems need a sound architecture. In our method, we decompose the system into building blocks to make it "future-proof," accommodate functional needs, and minimize system complexity. We organize the system construction along three design dimensions covered by the system architecture: structure, aspects, and behavior. The structure determines the system's decomposition into parts and the relationships between the parts. Aspects model the functional decomposition of the system. Behavior deals with processing that takes place within the system. Of the three dimensions, we consider structure to be the most important. In this dimension, reducing complexity is our main concern. We organize system functionality into four layers, or subsystems. These subsystems are composed of software modules-building blocks-which are the basic software entities in the system architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Central nervous system depressants. 9. Benzodiazepine sulfonamides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentral nervous system depressants. 9. Benzodiazepine sulfonamidesRobert B. Moffett and Allan D. RudzikCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 7, 588–593Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00289a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00289a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assembly of purified GDP-tubulin into microtubules induced by taxol and taxotere: Reversibility, ligand stoichiometry, and competition (1993)

Purified tubulin fully liganded to GDP at the exchangeable nucleotide binding site has been prepared by a new direct nucleotide exchange procedure. This normally inactive GDP-tubulin is driven to assemble into microtubules by the binding of the antitumor drug taxol or its more soluble side-chain analogue Taxotere in Mg(2+)-containing buffer, and it disassembles by cooling the solution. Therefore this ligand-induced equilibrium microtubule assembly system dispenses with the requirement of a gamma-phosphate-metal cation ligand bound at the nucleotide site for tubulin to be active. GDP-tubulin can also form characteristic pseudo-ordered aggregates of double rings. These aggregates dissociate upon warming or by addition of GTP. Back-substitution of the nucleotide gamma-phosphate permits glycerol-induced assembly without taxol and reduces the critical protein concentration required for drug-induced microtubule assembly by a factor of 2.6 +/- 0.1. The ligand-induced assembly is maximal at taxol or Taxotere concentrations equimolar with tubulin, and both drugs bind to assembled tubulin with a stoichiometry of 0.99 +/- 0.04 ligand per alpha beta dimer. Taxotere apparently competes with taxol for the same binding site, with 1.9 +/- 0.1 times larger effective affinity. Similarly, the Taxotere-induced assembly of GDP-tubulin or GTP-tubulin proceeds with a critical protein concentration 2.1 +/- 0.1 times smaller than with taxol.
Magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching of silicon in bromine plasmas (1988)

Reactive ion etching of single-crystal and polycrystalline silicon in bromine has been studied at 2-mTorr pressure in a magnetically enhanced reactor. Effective voltage thresholds for silicon and thermal SiO2 etching are observed at −50- and −175-V cathode bias, respectively. The selectivity of silicon with respect to SiO2 exhibits a sharp peak between these thresholds, attaining, at −100 V, a value of 225 for p-type and lightly doped n-type material. The corresponding etch rate is 65 nm/min. The etch rate doubles for n+-polysilicon and the peak selectivity is 450. Etching is anisotropic over the entire doping range. Application of the −100-V process to high-resolution trench and polysilicon gate fabrication is discussed.
Disk recording for real time post production applications (1993)

An overview of post requirements is given with a comparison of media bandwidths available. Practical realisation of a digitally transparent recorder is discussed, together with future media and trends. >
A STUDY OF THE PRIMARY SHIELD FOR THE PRDC REACTOR (1957)

Temperature distributions, irradiation effects, stacking arrangements, voidage, and economics for the borated-graphite shield of the PRDC reactor were investigated. Of the shield systems considered, four are reported here. System 1 contalns 30 in. of 1% borated graphite, with either ordinary graphite or a cement as a filler for the remaindcr of the volume. The maximum temperature at the flex plates in this system was calculated to be 5OO deg F. Systems 2 and 3 consist of 2 in. of 5% borated graphite near the core vessel and 1/2 in. of Boral at the primary-shield tank. A filler material of carbon blocks is used in System 2 and graphite in System 3. The calculated maximum temperatures were 700 deg F and 35O deg F, respectively. System 4 consists of a laminated structure of Boral and graphite near the primary-shield tank and carbon-block filler. It was calculated to have a maximum temperature of 600 deg F at the flex plates. The maximum temperature at the flex plates recommended by APDA is 500 deg F. Energy storage and radiation damage were found to be within permissible limits in all four systems. However, these conclusions are based on experimental data from the Hanford reactor in which the neutron-energy spectrum differs considerably from the PRDC spectrum. A porosity of less than 740 cu ft is required in order that a sodium leak from the core vessel does not expose the core. The voidages in any of the systems mentioned above is about 400 cu ft excluding absorption effects. these are believed to be small. The systems coataining Boral were found to be less expensive than the ones using only borated graphite. Over-all material costs range between 0,000 for Boral systems and 0,000 for borated- graphite systems. (auth)
Cu2X(OH)3 (X = Cl−, NO3−): synthesis of nanoparticles and its application for room temperature deposition/printing of conductive copper thin-films (2010)

Uniform Cu2Cl(OH)3 and Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 nanoparticles are firstly prepared and characterized based on various analytical tools (i.e. DLS, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and DTA-TG). Accordingly, Cu2Cl(OH)3 and Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 exhibit mean diameters of 51 nm and 37 nm, respectively. Both nanomaterials show a bright green colour with the maxima of absorption at 505 nm (Cu2Cl(OH)3) and 503 nm (Cu2(NO3)(OH)3). Thermally Cu2Cl(OH)3 and Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 decompose below 600 °C and 240 °C, respectively, to form CuO. In addition, as-prepared Cu2Cl(OH)3 and Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 nanoparticles can be reduced to form copper metal at room temperature. While depositing/printing suspensions of the as-prepared nanoparticles in ethanol on silicon wafers, glass plates or paper, NaBH4-driven reduction leads to highly conductive copper thin-films. Namely these thin-films exhibit sheet resistances of 3–10 Ω□ and specific resistances of 1.3–4.3 × 10−3 Ω cm, which matches with the resistivity of bulk copper metal (1.7 × 10−3 Ω cm).
Recycling and adaptation of Klebsormidium flaccidum microalgae for the sustained production of gold nanoparticles (2011)

Targeting the development of cell-based bioreactors for the production of metal nanoparticles, the possibility to perform the sustained synthesis of colloidal gold using Klebsormidium flaccidum green algae was studied. A first strategy relying on successive growth/reduction/reseeding recycling steps demonstrated maintained biosynthesis capability of the microalgae but limitation in metal content due to toxic effects. An alternative approach consisting of progressive gold salt addition revealed to be suitable to favor cell adaptation to larger metal concentrations and supported particle release over month periods.