gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Analysis and Visualization of Swimming Motion (2011)

Competitive swimming is a demanding sport that requires rigorous training to achieve technical perfection. Research on computer simulations of flow have improved our understanding of how thrust and drag can be optimized for better performance. However, for a swimmer translating this information to technical improvement can be difficult. In this paper, we present an analysis and visualization framework for swimming motion that uses virtual reality to display 3-dimensional models of swimmers. The system allows users to digitize their motions from video sequences, create personalized virtual representations by morphing prototypical polygonal models, visualizing motion characteristics and comparing their motions to other competitors stored in a library. The use of virtual reality alleviates many problems associated by the current video-based visualization methods for analyzing swimming motion
The Effect of the Neurogranin Schizophrenia Risk Variant rs12807809 on Brain Structure and Function (2012)

A single nucleotide polymorphism rs12807809 located upstream of the neurogranin (NRGN) gene has been identified as a risk variant for schizophrenia in recent genome-wide association studies. To date, there has been little investigation of the endophenotypic consequences of this variant, and our own investigations have suggested that the effects of this gene are not apparent at the level of cognitive function in patients or controls. Because the impact of risk variants may be more apparent at the level of brain, the aim of this investigation was to delineate whether NRGN genotype predicted variability in brain structure and/or function. Healthy individuals participated in structural (N = 140) and/or functional (N = 36) magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI). Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare gray and white matter volumes between carriers of the non-risk C allele (i.e., CC/CT) and those who were homozygous for the risk T allele. Functional imaging data were acquired during the performance of a spatial working memory task, and were also analyzed with respect to the difference between C carriers and T homozygotes. There was no effect of the NRGN variant rs12807809 on behavioral performance or brain structure. However, there was a main effect of genotype on brain activity during performance of the working memory task, such that while C carriers exhibited a load-independent decrease in left superior frontal gyrus/BA10, TT individuals failed to show a similar decrease in activity. The failure to disengage this ventromedial prefrontal region, despite preserved performance, may be indicative of a reduction in processing efficiency in healthy TT carriers. Although it remains to be established whether this holds true in larger samples and in patient cohorts, if valid, this suggests a potential mechanism by which NRGN variability might contribute to schizophrenia risk.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Derivatives as a New Class of Steroid 5α‐Reductase Inhibitors. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The generation and rearrangement of 2-(diazoacetyl)cyclobutanones: the formation of 5-spirocyclopropyl-2(5H)-furanones (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe generation and rearrangement of 2-(diazoacetyl)cyclobutanones: the formation of 5-spirocyclopropyl-2(5H)-furanonesRobert D. Miller, W. Theis, G. Heilig, and S. KirchmeyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4, 1453–1463Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00004a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00004a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Minimizing complexity in cellular automata models of self-replication. (1993)

Understanding self-replication from an information processing perspective is important because, among other things, it can shed light on molecular mechanisms of biological reproduction and on prebiotic chemical evolution. Intuition, biological knowledge, and early computational models of self-replication all suggested that self-replication is an inherently complex process. In this paper we describe recent computational studies that challenge this viewpoint. We summarize our recent work with cellular automata models of simple yet non-trivial self-replicating structures called unsheathed loops. For example, one unsheathed loop consists of only six components and requires only 20 rules to specify the local intercomponent interactions needed to bring about replication. The implication of this work is that, when viewed as an emergent property of numerous local, concurrent interactions between components, self-replicating systems can be substantially simpler than is generally recognized.
Enhanced structural and magnetic properties of fcc colloidal crystals of cobalt nanoparticles (2020)

We report the elaboration of supercrystals made up of dodecanoic acid-coated 8.1 nm-Co nanocrystals with controlled supercrystallinity, morphology and magnetic properties. Supercrystal growth is controlled using a solvent-mediated ligand-ligand interaction strategy. Either face-centered cubic supercrystalline films or single colloidal crystals composed of cobalt nanocrystals are obtained. The change in supercrystal morphology is explained by Flory-type solvation theory using Hansen solubility colloidal parameters. The use of the same batch of Co nanocrystals for the fabrication of supercrystalline films and colloidal crystals enables accurate comparative structural and magnetic studies using (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and vibrating sample magnetometry. The nearest neighbor distance between nanoparticles is interpreted using theoretical models proposed in the literature. We evidence the increase in both geometric anisotropy and magnetic dipolar interactions for colloidal crystals compared to supercrystalline films.
A Meditation on Kepler's Aa (2006)

Kepler’s Harmonice Mundi includes a mysterious arrangement of polygons labeled Aa, in which many of the polygons have fivefold symmetry. In the twentieth century, solutions were proposed for how Aa might be continued in a natural way to tile the whole plane. I present a collection of variations on Aa, and show how it forms one step in a sequence of derivations starting from a simpler tiling. I present alternate arrangements of the tilings based on spirals and substitution systems. Finally, I show some Islamic star patterns that can be derived from Kepler-like tilings. 1.
Performance effects of synchronization in parallel processors (2002)

We investigate synchronization activities in application executing on distributed-memory MIMD architectures. Three applications are used to quantify the performance impact of synchronization as the number of processors is increased. We also investigate the performance improvement possible when synchronization is supported in hardware. The results show that significant performance improvement can be achieved. The hardware support should include barrier synchronization, operate-and-broadcast, and operations over subsets of processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic coronaviruses infection (2019)

Abstract Traditionally, the emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) has been attributed to a gain in receptor binding in a new host. Our previous work with SARS-like viruses argued that bats already harbor CoVs with the ability to infect humans without adaptation. These results suggested that additional barriers limit the emergence of zoonotic CoV. In this work, we describe overcoming host restriction of two MERS-like bat CoVs using exogenous protease treatment. We found that the spike protein of PDF2180-CoV, a MERS-like virus found in a Ugandan bat, could mediate infection of Vero and human cells in the presence of exogenous trypsin. We subsequently show that the bat virus spike can mediate infection of human gut cells, but is unable to infect human lung cells. Using receptor-blocking antibodies, we show that infection with the PDF2180 spike does not require MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and antibodies developed against the MERS spike receptor-binding domain and S2 portion are ineffective in neutralizing the PDF2180 chimera. Finally, we found that addition of exogenous trypsin also rescues replication of HKU5-CoV, a second MERS-like group 2c CoV. Together, these results indicate that proteolytic cleavage of the spike, not receptor binding, is the primary infection barrier for these two group 2c CoVs. Coupled with receptor binding, proteolytic activation offers a new parameter to evaluate emergence potential of CoVs and offer a means to recover previously unrecoverable zoonotic CoV strains. Importance Overall, our studies demonstrate that proteolytic cleavage is the primary barrier to infection for a subset of zoonotic coronaviruses. Moving forward, the results argue that both receptor binding and proteolytic cleavage of the spike are critical factors that must be considered for evaluating the emergence potential and risk posed by zoonotic coronaviruses. In addition, the findings also offer a novel means to recover previously uncultivable zoonotic coronavirus strains and argue that other tissues, including the digestive tract, could be a site for future coronavirus emergence events in humans.
Insect immunity. Septic injury of Drosophila induces the synthesis of a potent antifungal peptide with sequence homology to plant antifungal peptides (1994)

In response to a septic injury (pricking with a bacteria-soaked needle) larvae and adults of Drosophila produce considerable amounts of a 44-residue peptide containing 8 cysteines engaged in intramolecular disulfide bridges. The peptide is synthesized in the fat body, a functional homologue of the mammalian liver, and secreted into the blood of the insect. It exhibits potent antifungal activity but is inactive against bacteria. This novel inducible peptide, which we propose to name drosomycin, shows a significant homology with a family of 5-kDa cysteine-rich plant antifungal peptides recently isolated from seeds of Brassicaceae. This finding underlines that plants and insects can rely on similar molecules in their innate host defense.
Ground Source Integrated Heat Pump (GS-IHP) Development (2013)

Between October 2008 and May 2013 ORNL and ClimateMaster, Inc. (CM) engaged in a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to develop a groundsource integrated heat pump (GS-IHP) system for the US residential market. A initial prototype was designed and fabricated, lab-tested, and modeled in TRNSYS (SOLAR Energy Laboratory, et al, 2010) to predict annual performance relative to 1) a baseline suite of equipment meeting minimum efficiency standards in effect in 2006 (combination of air-source heat pump (ASHP) and resistance water heater) and 2) a state-of-the-art (SOA) two-capacity ground-source heat pump with desuperheater water heater (WH) option (GSHPwDS). Predicted total annual energy savings, while providing space conditioning and water heating for a 2600 ft{sup 2} (242 m{sup 2}) house at 5 U.S. locations, ranged from 52 to 59%, averaging 55%, relative to the minimum efficiency suite. Predicted energy use for water heating was reduced 68 to 78% relative to resistance WH. Predicted total annual savings for the GSHPwDS relative to the same baseline averaged 22.6% with water heating energy use reduced by 10 to 30% from desuperheater contributions. The 1st generation (or alpha) prototype design for the GS-IHP was finalized in 2010 and field test samples were fabricated for testing by CM and by ORNL. Two of the alpha units were installed in 3700 ft{sup 2} (345 m{sup 2}) houses at the ZEBRAlliance site in Oak Ridge and field tested during 2011. Based on the steady-state performance demonstrated by the GS-IHPs it was projected that it would achieve >52% energy savings relative to the minimum efficiency suite at this specific site. A number of operational issues with the alpha units were identified indicating design changes needed to the system before market introduction could be accomplished. These were communicated to CM throughout the field test period. Based on the alpha unit test results and the diagnostic information coming from the field test experience, CM developed a 2nd generation (or beta) prototype in 2012. Field test verification units were fabricated and installed at the ZEBRAlliance site in Oak Ridge in May 2012 and at several sites near CM headquarters in Oklahoma. Field testing of the units continued through February 2013. Annual performance analyses of the beta unit (prototype 2) with vertical well ground heat exchangers (GHX) in 5 U.S. locations predict annual energy savings of 57% to 61%, averaging 59% relative to the minimum efficiency suite and 38% to 56%, averaging 46% relative to the SOA GSHPwDS. Based on the steady-state performance demonstrated by the test units it was projected that the 2nd generation units would achieve ~58% energy savings relative to the minimum efficiency suite at the Zebra Alliance site with horizontal GHX. A new product based on the beta unit design was announced by CM in 2012 – the Trilogy 40® Q-mode™ (http://cmdealernet.com/trilogy_40.html). The unit was formally introduced in a March 2012 press release (see Appendix A) and was available for order beginning in December 2012.
[Pimozide in the treatment of psychogenic eating disorders]. (1993)

PIMOZIDE was given to 14 pat. with anorexia nervosa and 21 pat. with bulimia nervosa The drug evaluated positively some symptoms of eating disorders. Most significantly it improved the bulimic episodes and purging. The accompanying psychiatric symptomatology (depression and anxiety) was mostly not improved. We conclude that Pimozide may be a useful medication in the therapy of basic symptoms (bulimia, purging) in bulimic forms of eating disorders.
Development in Russia of 170 GHz gyrotron for ITER (2009)

During last year several new gyrotrons were designed and tested by Russian gyrotron team. Main efforts were spent for elaboration of 170 GHz/1 MW/50%/CW gyrotron for ITER project and multi-frequency gyrotrons. The paper presents new results in development of gyrotrons for ITER. The industrial production prototype of the ITER gyrotron was tested at power 1.02 MW in 100 second pulses and at power 0.85 MW in 200 second pulses. The pulse energy was limited by the test stand which is now under modification. Simultaneously a short pulse gyrotron mock-up with an increased size cavity was tested at power 1.5-2 MW aiming development of ITER gyrotron with the enhanced power.
New and extended parameterization of the thermodynamic model AIOMFAC: calculation of activity coefficients for organic-inorganic mixtures containing carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether, ester, alkenyl, alkyl, and aromatic functional groups (2011)

Abstract. We present a new and considerably extended parameterization of the thermodynamic activity coefficient model AIOMFAC (Aerosol Inorganic-Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients) at room temperature. AIOMFAC combines a Pitzer-like electrolyte solution model with a UNIFAC-based group-contribution approach and explicitly accounts for interactions between organic functional groups and inorganic ions. Such interactions constitute the salt-effect, may cause liquid-liquid phase separation, and affect the gas-particle partitioning of aerosols. The previous AIOMFAC version was parameterized for alkyl and hydroxyl functional groups of alcohols and polyols. With the goal to describe a wide variety of organic compounds found in atmospheric aerosols, we extend here the parameterization of AIOMFAC to include the functional groups carboxyl, hydroxyl, ketone, aldehyde, ether, ester, alkenyl, alkyl, aromatic carbon-alcohol, and aromatic hydrocarbon. Thermodynamic equilibrium data of organic-inorganic systems from the literature are critically assessed and complemented with new measurements to establish a comprehensive database. The database is used to determine simultaneously the AIOMFAC parameters describing interactions of organic functional groups with the ions H+, Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, Br−, NO3−, HSO4−, and SO42−. Detailed descriptions of different types of thermodynamic data, such as vapor-liquid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid equilibria, and their use for the model parameterization are provided. Issues regarding deficiencies of the database, types and uncertainties of experimental data, and limitations of the model, are discussed. The challenging parameter optimization problem is solved with a novel combination of powerful global minimization algorithms. A number of exemplary calculations for systems containing atmospherically relevant aerosol components are shown. Amongst others, we discuss aqueous mixtures of ammonium sulfate with dicarboxylic acids and with levoglucosan. Overall, the new parameterization of AIOMFAC agrees well with a large number of experimental datasets. However, due to various reasons, for certain mixtures important deviations can occur. The new parameterization makes AIOMFAC a versatile thermodynamic tool. It enables the calculation of activity coefficients of thousands of different organic compounds in organic-inorganic mixtures of numerous components. Models based on AIOMFAC can be used to compute deliquescence relative humidities, liquid-liquid phase separations, and gas-particle partitioning of multicomponent mixtures of relevance for atmospheric chemistry or in other scientific fields.
Les rapports occupants-occupés à Nivelles pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale (résultats d’une enquête orale) (1989)

Cet article n’analyse qu’un seul aspect de l'occupation allemande à Nivelles : les relations occupants-occupés. C’est sous cet angle que l’histoire de Nivelles paraît la plus originale par rapport au reste du Brabant wallon : en tant que chef-lieu d’arrondissement, elle est la seule à avoir abrité autant d’occupants allemands de types différents. Nous commencerons par en faire l’énumération et la description, ensuite nous analyserons l’image laissée par l’occupant et l’attitude que cette imag...
Design and Synthesis of High-Performance Nonlinear Optical Chromophores (2001)

For several years the world has relied on electronics for information processing. However, we are nearing the limits of traditional electronic signal processing and transmission. Optical technology will be required in order to gain processing rates above 50 GHz and a transmission distance greater than 1 meter. The optical technology is described as photonics, which is the analog of electronics. This means that photons, rather than electrons, will be used to acquire, store, transmit and process information. Many photonic applications are already in use. These include fiber-optic communication lines, diode laser sources, organic liquid-crystal displays and optical memories There are many advantages of photonics over electronics. Optical switching, for example, occurs on a femtosecond time scale. No electronic process can come close to matching that time, but optical processes can. And with optical signals, there is no electrical and magnetic interference, so there is less crosstalk between channels.
Automatic question answering (2000)

We have developed a method for answering single answer questions automatically using a collection of documents or the Internet as a source of data for the production of the answer. Examples of such questions are `What is the melting point of tin?&amp;apos;, and `Who wrote the novel Moby Dick?&amp;apos;. The approach we have adopted to the problem uses the Mikrokosmos ontology to represent knowledge about question and answer content. A specialized lexicon of English connects words, in English, to their ontological meanings. Analysis of texts (both questions and documents) is based on a statistical part-of speech tagger, and pattern-based proper name and fact classification and phrase recognition. The system assumes that all the information required to produce an answer exists in a single sentence and retrieval strategies (where possible) are geared to finding documents in which this is the case. In this paper we describe the overall structure of the system and the operation of the various components. I...
Neurologist, 29 years’ experience, USA (2020)

This chapter details how patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Pseudoseizures present some of the more challenging cases brought to a specialist in clinical epilepsy or neurophysiology. One particular case taught a neurologist several important points about the evaluation of those who have psychogenic symptoms. First, an unreliable history is a finding. Second, examination techniques may help separate physiological from functional deficits. Third, despite these careful observations, the patient may not appreciate the efforts. The chapter then specifically looks at a case where a woman presented to the epilepsy monitoring unit with a several year history of paroxysmal events consisting of a metallic taste, bilateral scintillating scotomas, left arm posturing, and loss of consciousness with shaking. Postictal symptoms consisted of headache, amnesia, and severe fatigue. Injuries were also common. In fact, she had been intubated at least twice for status epilepticus. She was also deaf. Later, the neurologist found out that the patient had a history of sexual abuse and had seen a psychiatrist in the past for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The neurologist thus considered her history as unreliable.
The photovoltaic stability of, bis(isothiocyanato)rlutheniurn(II)‐bis‐2, 2′bipyridine‐4, 4′‐dicarboxylic acid and related sensitizers (1997)

The photovoltaic stability of Ru II (LH 2 ) 2 (NCS) 2 (where LH 2 = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid), a potential sensitizer for solar cells based on anatase, is examined. Its suitability for this role is demonstrated by a 7000 h endurance test, at the end of which no discernible signs of degradation can be detected. An explanation for its remarkable stability of provided by an investigation of its photo‐ and thermally induced reactions in alcoholic solution. Recommendations as to how to avoid ligand substitution reactions that may be undesirable for certain applications are also made.