gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminated Derivatives of Porous Clay Heterostructures (PCH) Assembled from Synthetic Saponite Clay:  Properties as Supermicroporous to Small Mesoporous Acid Catalysts (2002)

Mesostructured aluminosilicate intercalates belonging to the new class of solid acids known as porous clay heterostructures (PCH) have been prepared by the postsynthesis grafting of aluminum into the mesostructured intragallery silica framework of a PCH precursor derived from a synthetic saponite clay. Elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the reaction products, which we designate Al−SAP/PCH. Depending on the choice of aluminum reagent (AlCl3 or NaAlO2), the Al−SAP/PCH derivatives exhibited basal spacings of 32−34.8 Å, BET surface areas of 623−906 m2/g, pore volumes of 0.32−0.45 cm3/g, and pore sizes in the large micropore to small mesopore range (14−25 Å). The aluminum content was strongly correlated with the Si/Al stoichiometry of the postsynthesis reaction mixture. Nearly all of the grafted aluminum was incorporated into tetrahedral sites in the intragallery silica framework. In comparison to the initial silica-intercalated SAP/PCH precursor, little or no change in textural porosity was observed when the alumination reaction was carried out under acidic conditions using aqueous AlCl3 as the aluminum source. Also, only small decreases in surface area and pore volume were noted when NaAlO2 was used as the alumination reagent under basic conditions. Both alumination reagents afforded protonated Al−SAP/PCH derivatives with increased acidity in comparison to the initial silica-intercalated SAP/PCH precursor, as verified by temperature-programmed desorption of cyclohexylamine and catalytic reactivity for cumene cracking.
Area Efficient Architecture for the Embedded Block Coding in JPEG 2000 (2005)

An area efficient architecture for the embedded block coding in JPEG 2000 is implemented on a 1.23 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die using 0.18 mum CMOS technology. This chip can support 16.7 MS/s lossless encoding. The area of the proposed architecture is only 1/6 of the conventional architectures while the throughput is the same as others. The proposed architecture has the highest performance comparing with other existing architectures according to the experimental results
Open access: is there a predator at the door? (2018)

Dear Readers, If your inbox looks like ours, you are barraged daily with requests to send research to a new journal or to join a new editorial board. Many of these “invitations” are from new open access journals, not all of which are legitimate. Open access journals play an increasingly important role in today's world of medical publication and provide information that would otherwise be difficult or impossible for some to access. Openly sharing peer-reviewed information at no cost to the reader can greatly enhance distribution of legitimate scientific and clinical data. However, there is also an increasing number of journals purporting to serve this mission but acting in a predatory fashion. Here are a few guidelines. What defines a predatory journal? Moher and Moher1 recently summed up the characteristics neatly by suggesting that such publications can, perhaps, be characterized by their behavior: aggressive recruitment emails, unrealistic promises regarding publication, and ultimately worthless peer review. A number of published articles suggest the lack of an editorial review process as a key characteristic of predatory journal publications. One article described predatory journal publications as “gobbledegook.”2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers in 2005 invented software called SCIgen, which randomly combined strings of words to produce fake computer-generated science papers that were ultimately published in open access journals. This exercise was performed to show the low bar for acceptance of papers, which were meaningless, or as they put it, “to maximize amusement.” In 2014, Van Noorden3 pointed out in Nature News that several publishers were removing more than 120 papers from their subscription services after it was discovered that “the works were computer-generated non-sense.” More subtle forms of non–gibberish, but also non-peer-reviewed publications, seem to be expanding rapidly. Rather than motivation of the publisher to promote the science and practice of medicine, the impetus is clearly financial. They charge large sums of money to publish articles unable to pass a rigorous editorial or peer review process, which can be quite lucrative. Likewise, authors who may have been rejected by legitimate peer-reviewed journals may find that some open access journals offer an avenue for publication without editorial oversight. Therefore, we suggest the following guidelines when evaluating whether a journal is predatory. We recommend an excellent recent editorial by Roberts,4 which shares our opinion, entitled “Predatory journals: think before you submit.” Our goal is to provide high-quality, rigorously peer-reviewed papers and scientific information of value to you and all of our readers.
A software transparent multiple microprocessor system. (volumes i and ii) (1983)

A multiple microprocessor system that supports the concept of software transparent multiprocessing was designed, developed, documented and demonstrated. Software transparent multiprocessing is the ability of a system to shield application software from the hardware configuration, specifically, the number of processor modules present. This shielding of software from hardware provides the benefit that the application will run on systems with one, two, or up to sixteen processor modules with no recompilation of the application software. An operating system to support this shielding was developed and implemented for commercially available hardware. The microprocessors utilized were Intel 8086's. The operating system was partitioned into a device independent portion and a device dependent portion. The device independent portion, called the operating system nucleus, provided facilities for memory management, real-time clock management, processor management, task management, interprocessor communications management, intertask communications management, and device management. The device dependent portion, called the user interface level, contains various device handlers, a fatal error handler, a command line interpreter, and a simple file system. The system's performance was evaluated under varying load conditions. It was shown that the operating system overhead was approximately five percent.
The system's ability to function as a multiple processor was demonstrated and it was shown that a linear speed-up could be obtained by proper algorithm design. A portable data acquisition system for use in vehicle testing was also implemented and described. Due to the underlying operating system, the data acquisition system is reconfigurable, and easily modifiable to accommodate new testing procedures.
The influence of initial surface topography on tribological performance of the wheel/rail interface during rolling/sliding conditions (2009)

The influence of surface roughness in a rail/wheel contact has been a concern for railway owners since the introduction of ‘rail grinding’ as a maintenance strategy. Presently, there are no well-defined guidelines regarding the surface topographies of ground rails and re-turned wheels. There is thus a need to establish scientific guidelines regarding the surface topographies for the rails and wheels in order to minimize grinding costs/time and to improve rail/wheel performance. This study is aimed at investigating the influence of surface topographies of wheels and rails on running-in behaviour, wear, friction, and the resultant surface damage through experimental simulation in the laboratory. A two-disc rolling/sliding test machine has been used in this experimental work. Two different roughness values were produced on both the rail and wheel test specimens. A design of experiment approach has been used to conduct experiments and to analyse the results. The results show that the surface roughness values of the specimens in some material pairs do influence wear, friction, and resulting surface damage.
FSI Simulation of Wire Sweep PBGA Encapsulation Process Considering Rheology Effect (2011)

This paper presents a 3-D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) technique using mesh-based parallel code coupling interface (MpCCI) for the visualization of wire sweep during encapsulation of the plastic ball grid array packaging, considering the polymer rheology effect. In the molding process, the encapsulant flow behavior is modeled by the Castro-Macosko viscosity model including the curing effect and volume of fluid technique for melt-front tracking. The viscosity model is written in C language and compiled using user-defined functions into the FLUENT analysis. Wire sweep behavior is analyzed by ABAQUS and integrated with FLUENT software by MpCCI as an interface of fluid and solid interaction. Three types of epoxy molding compound (EMC), namely, Cases 1-3, were utilized for the study of fluid flow inside the mold cavity. The melt-front profiles and viscosity versus shear rate for all cases are analyzed and presented. The degree of conversion of the molding compound during the encapsulation process at the top view of the package for different EMCs is also studied. Pressure distribution around the wire region and wire sweep profiles within the mold are presented. The numerical results of the melt-front behavior and wire sweep are compared with the previous experimental results and found in good conformity. In the present case, Case 2 with a lower viscosity shows lower air trap, lower pressure distributions, and lower wire deformation. Therefore, the strength of MpCCI in handling FSI problems is proven to be excellent. The work presented in this paper is expected to be a reference and guide for the microelectronics industry.
The thermal decomposition of quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Part 5. The importance of conformational factors in β-eliminations from quaternary hydroxides derived from piperidines, morpholines, and decahydroquinolines (1978)

Classical work on the thermal decomposition of the 1-methylmethohydroxides of piperidine and C-methyl-piperidines has been confirmed, although the elimination products from 2- and 3-methylpiperidines contain small proportions of isomeric alkenes. The products of thermal decomposition of 3-oxa-6-azoniaspiro[5,5]undecane hydroxide show that β-elimination occurs several times faster in a morpholine ring than in a piperidine ring. The requirement for easy elimination in six-membered rings is the anti-coplanarity of the four centres Hβ, Cβ, Cα and N+. Strikingly, molecules which lack this requirement, such as the 1-methylmethohydroxide of cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine gave no elimination whatever on thermal decomposition. On the other hand, thermal decomposition of the 1-methylmethohydroxide of trans-3,5-dimethylpiperidine gave ca. 50%β-elimination. Elimination of the β-hydrogens of an α-attached methyl group are strongly preferred to elimination of ring β-hydrogens, as in the degradation of cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidine, but a β-attached oxygen atom allows the corresponding morpholine compound to undergo 16% elimination of a ring hydrogen. The 1-methylmethohydroxides of substituted trans- and cis-decahydroquinolines (type 1) undergo elimination of a β-hydrogen in a 2-alkyl group, as expected from conformational considerations. However, a cis-molecule in which the type 2 conformation is dominant such as the 1-methylmethohydroxide of cis(4H,4aH), cis(4aH,8aH)-decahydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, undergoes an appreciable proportion of elimination of the correctly oriented 8ax-H in the cyclohexane ring. In all cases reported, the direction of elimination is readily explained by reference to stereochemical considerations and to the steric and inductive effects of β-attached substituents.
The fractal shape of speckled darkness (2008)

Propagating three-dimensional speckle fields are threaded by random networks of nodal lines (optical vortices). We review our recent numerical superpositions of simulations of random plane waves modelling speckle (O'Holleran et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. in press), in which the nodal lines and loops were found to have the fractal structure of brownian random walks. We discuss this result, and its comparison with the discrete vortices of the Z<sub>3</sub> lattice model for cosmic strings. We argue that the scaling depends on the geometry of small vortex loops and avoided crossings. The analytic statistics of these events, along with related singularities are discussed, and the densities of vorticity-vanishing points and anisotropy C lines are found explicitly.
Update on Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (2015)

The use of high-throughput screens, and techniques such as RNAi and induced pluripotent stem cell continue to push forward other therapies for specific genetic forms of CMT and are potentially more generalizable to peripheral neuropathies. These developments, along with the development of improved outcome measures and longitudinal natural history data, advance CMT, making the future for finding treatments and/or cures closer than it has ever been.
Electric shock hazard (1972)

A long-standing expert on electric-shock hazards summarizes the studies that determined the effective body impedance under varying conditions. He describes perception currents, reaction currents, let-go currents, and fibrillating currents. Turning to means for reducing low-voltage (120-240-volt) hazards, double insulation, shock limitation, isolation transformers, and the use of either high frequency or direct current are discussed for various environments. Macroshock is always a hazard in the home, in industry, and in the hospital. But the extreme vulnerability to microshock of patients with cardiac catheters, for example, requires special precautions in intensive-care and coronary-care units. Equipment such as the ground-fault interrupter (GFI) and a special isolation transformer are cited.
Polymer networks formed in liquid crystals (1995)

Abstract Monomers with reactive double bonds were mixed with liquid crystals and polymerized under UV irradiation. The polymer networks formed are anisotropic and consist of fibrils. The orientation of the polymer networks depend on the orientation of the liquid crystals during polymerization. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the polymer networks.
Polymères de coordination de neptunium tetravalent avec des ligands polycarboxylate aromatiques (2017)

International audience
Logarithmic Corrections to the Landau Specific Heat near the Curie Temperature of the Dipolar Ising Ferromagnet LiTbF4 (1975)

Quantitative experimental results for the logarithmic corrections to the Landau specific heat are reported for the dipolar Ising ferromagnet LiTb${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ near its Curie temperature ${T}_{c}=2.885$ K. The power of the leading logarithmic term is found to be 0.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, and the corresponding amplitude ratio is 0.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01. These results are in agreement with the predicted values of $\frac{1}{3}$ and \textonequarter{}, respectively.
Scheduling nonuniform traffic in a packet-switching system with small propagation delay (1997)

A new model of nonuniform traffic is introduced for a single-hop packet-switching system. This traffic model allows arbitrary traffic streams subject only to a constraint on the number of data packets which can arrive at any, individual source in the system or for any individual destination in the system over time periods of specified length. The nonuniform traffic model is flexible enough to cover integrated data networks carrying diverse classes of data. The system model is rather general, and includes passive optical star wavelength-division networks. Transmission algorithms are introduced for a single-hop packet-switching system with such nonuniform traffic and with propagation delay that is negligible relative to the packet length. The algorithms are based on collision-free scheduling of packets using graph-matching algorithms since the global state of the system is known to all stations at any time.
High Power Evaluation for LiFePO4 / SiO Cell Using Current-Rest-Method (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Many αIIbβ3 autoepitopes in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura are localized to αIIb between amino acids L1 and Q459 (2002)

In chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoantibodies bind to platelet surface proteins, particularly alphaIIb, resulting in platelet destruction by the reticulo-endothelial system. In order to better localize the autoepitopes on alphaIIb, we studied the binding of antibodies to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing either alphaIIbbeta3 or alphaIIb-alphavbeta3 chimaeras in which a segment of alphaIIb (either amino acids L1-Q459, L1-F223 or F223-Q459) was substituted for that portion of alphav. We evaluated platelet-associated autoantibodies from 14 ITP patients with alphaIIb-dependent antibodies. Ten of 14 bound to alphaIIb (L1-Q459)-alphavbeta3, showing that autoepitopes were often localized to this region of alphaIIb. In addition, each of the autoantibodies binding to alphaIIb (L1-Q459)-alphavbeta3, also bound to CHO cells expressing either alphaIIb(L1-F223)-alphavbeta3 or alphaIIb(F223-Q459)-alphavbeta3). In two of the three eluates tested, > 95% of the autoantibody binding to alphaIIb could be adsorbed using CHO cells expressing any of the three chimaeras, showing that the epitope(s) have contact points on either side of amino acid F223; in the third eluate, only a portion ( approximately 40%) could be adsorbed by the chimaeric cell lines showing that, in this patient, an additional antibody was also present, directed to a site distal to amino acid Q459. The remaining four eluates bound to CHO cells expressing alphaIIbbeta3 but to none of the chimaeras, suggesting that these epitopes are also distal to amino acid Q459. We conclude that the binding of many anti-alphaIIbbeta3 autoantibodies is dependent on the presence of alphaIIb amino acids L1-Q459.
Subnanometer Ga2O3Tunnelling Layer by Atomic Layer Deposition to Achieve 1.1 V Open-Circuit Potential in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

Herein, we present the first use of a gallium oxide tunnelling layer to significantly reduce electron recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). The subnanometer coating is achieved using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and leading to a new DSC record open-circuit potential of 1.1 V with state-of-the-art organic D-π-A sensitizer and cobalt redox mediator. After ALD of only a few angstroms of Ga(2)O(3), the electron back reaction is reduced by more than an order of magnitude, while charge collection efficiency and fill factor are increased by 30% and 15%, respectively. The photogenerated exciton separation processes of electron injection into the TiO(2) conduction band and the hole injection into the electrolyte are characterized in detail.
Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of ciprofloxacin following single intramuscular administration in Teddy goats. (2011)

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of ciprofloxacin in Teddy goats. Ciprofloxacin was administered intramuscularly at 5 mg/kg body weight in each of eight animals. Following drug administration, blood samples were collected at different time intervals and analyzed for ciprofloxacin using HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using two compartment open model. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of ciprofloxacin, 1.77±0.20 µg/ml was achieved at 0.90±0.04 hours (Tmax). Values for half-life of absorption (t1/2 abs), distribution (t1/2 α) and elimination (t1/2 β) were 0.52±0.04, 0.52±0.04 and 2.62±0.39 hours, respectively. The value for apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 3.76±0.92 l/kg, area-under-the-curve (AUC) 5.89±0.91 µg.hr/ml and total body clearance (CL) was 1.09±0.11 l/hr/kg. Based on these results, it was concluded that calculated dose should be higher than the dose recommended by the manufacturer to treat susceptible bacteria in goats.
Apparent jejunal amino acid digestibility, gut morphology, and the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in pigs fed protein or free amino acids (2022)

Dietary amino acids (AA) supplied as protein or in free form are not only digested and absorbed at different rates but can also induce differences in the intestinal physiology of pigs. We compared the apparent jejunal AA digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gene expression of AA transporters of pigs fed diets providing different forms of AA. Thirty growing pigs (33.7 ± 4.1 kg) were fed one of three experimental diets that provided AA either as protein from feather meal (INT), as free AA and small peptides obtained by extensive acid hydrolysis of feathers (HYD), or as a mix of individual purified AA with the same AA profile as HYD (FAA). Pigs were fed the same quantity of feed, energy, and AA. After 14 d, pigs were slaughtered 3 h after feeding a meal with indigestible markers. Digesta and tissue were collected from different sections of the small intestine. Jejunal digesta was used to measure apparent jejunal digestibility of AA. Samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were used to measure intestinal morphology and the gene expression of intestinal AA transporters. The measured apparent jejunal digestibility of AA of INT was lower compared to HYD and FAA (P < 0.05). The apparent jejunal digestibility of Cys, Gly, His, Met, and Pro was lower for FAA compared to HYD (P < 0.05). This may be due to the small peptides in HYD, which are absorbed faster than individual AA. The villi area in the ileum of HYD fed pigs was the highest (P < 0.05) among the treatments, which may be associated with the reabsorption of endogenous proteins, which occurs mostly in the ileum. In the duodenum, HYD and FAA had lower expression of PepT1 (P < 0.01) probably due to the rapid transit time of digesta compared to INT fed pigs. Pigs fed HYD expressed more ASCT2 (P = 0.02) and CAT-1 (P = 0.04) in the jejunum compared to the pigs fed the other diets. The expression of these transporters along the intestine depended on the relative abundance of readily absorbable dietary AA. Results showed that dietary AA form can have an influence on the morphology and on the expression of different AA transporters along the different sections of the small intestine.
<title>A new semi-active piezoelectric-based friction damper</title> (2003)

A new way to perform vibration control on a single-degree-of-freedom system using a piezoelectric friction damper is developed. The damper consists of an actuator, which is based on a piezoelectric stack with a mechanical amplifying mechanism that provides symmetric forces within the isolator. The advantages of such an actuator are its high bandwidth, actuating response and its ability to operate in vacuum environments such as in space. The damper is constrained to move using an air bearing that produces a virtually ideal single-degree-of-freedom spring-mass system. Within this work, the actuating ability of the friction-based actuator is characterized. The relationship between the force generated by the actuator and the applied voltage was found to be linear. The maximum force generated by the friction damper in this study is 85 N for the specific friction pads used.