gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving Secure, Scalable, and Fine-grained Data Access Control in Cloud Computing (2010)

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm in which resources of the computing infrastructure are provided as services over the Internet. As promising as it is, this paradigm also brings forth many new challenges for data security and access control when users outsource sensitive data for sharing on cloud servers, which are not within the same trusted domain as data owners. To keep sensitive user data confidential against untrusted servers, existing solutions usually apply cryptographic methods by disclosing data decryption keys only to authorized users. However, in doing so, these solutions inevitably introduce a heavy computation overhead on the data owner for key distribution and data management when fine-grained data access control is desired, and thus do not scale well. The problem of simultaneously achieving fine-grainedness, scalability, and data confidentiality of access control actually still remains unresolved. This paper addresses this challenging open issue by, on one hand, defining and enforcing access policies based on data attributes, and, on the other hand, allowing the data owner to delegate most of the computation tasks involved in fine-grained data access control to untrusted cloud servers without disclosing the underlying data contents. We achieve this goal by exploiting and uniquely combining techniques of attribute-based encryption (ABE), proxy re-encryption, and lazy re-encryption. Our proposed scheme also has salient properties of user access privilege confidentiality and user secret key accountability. Extensive analysis shows that our proposed scheme is highly efficient and provably secure under existing security models.
High-Level Approaches to Hardware Security: A Tutorial (2022)

Designers use third-party intellectual property (IP) cores and outsource various steps in the integrated circuit (IC) design and manufacturing flow. As a result, security vulnerabilities have been rising. This is forcing IC designers and end users to re-evaluate their trust in ICs. If attackers get hold of an unprotected IC, they can reverse engineer the IC and pirate the IP. Similarly, if attackers get hold of a design, they can insert malicious circuits or take advantage of "backdoors" in a design. Unintended design bugs can also result in security weaknesses. This tutorial paper provides an introduction to the domain of hardware security through two pedagogical examples of hardware security problems. The first is a walk-through of the scan chain-based side channel attack. The second is a walk-through of logic locking of digital designs. The tutorial material is accompanied by open access digital resources that are linked in this article.
Recent research progress on bio‐oil conversion into bio‐fuels and raw chemicals: a review (2018)

Abstract Recent advances in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for producing fuels and commodities (olefins and BTX aromatics) are gathered in this paper, with a focus on the conversion of bio‐oil (produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass). The main valorization routes are: (i) conditioning of bio‐oil (by esterification, aldol condensation, ketonization, in situ cracking, and mild hydrodeoxygenation) for its use as a fuel or stable raw material for further catalytic processing; (ii) production of fuels by deep hydrodeoxygenation; (iii) ex situ catalytic cracking (in line) of the volatiles produced in biomass pyrolysis, aimed at the selective production of olefins and aromatics; (iv) cracking of raw bio‐oil in units designed with specific objectives concerning selectivity; and (v) processing in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) units. This review deals with the technological evolution of these routes, in terms of catalysts, reaction conditions, reactors, and product yields. A study has been carried out on the current state‐of‐knowledge of the technological capacity, advantages and disadvantages of the different routes, as well as on the prospects for the implementation of each route within the scope of the Sustainable Refinery. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimal Information Provision for Strategic Hybrid Workers (2022)

We study the problem of information provision by a strategic central planner who can publicly signal about an uncertain infectious risk parameter. Signalling leads to an updated public belief over the parameter, and agents then make equilibrium choices on whether to work remotely or in-person. The planner maintains a set of desirable outcomes for each realization of the uncertain parameter and seeks to maximize the probability that agents choose an acceptable outcome for the true parameter. We distinguish between stateless and stateful objectives. In the former, the set of desirable outcomes does not change as a function of the risk parameter, whereas in the latter it does. For stateless objectives, we reduce the problem to maximizing the probability of inducing mean beliefs that lie in intervals computable from the set of desirable outcomes. We derive the optimal signalling mechanism and show that it partitions the parameter domain into at most two intervals with the signals generated according to an interval-specific distribution. For the stateful case, we consider a practically relevant situation in which the planner seeks to enforce in-person work capacity limits that progressively get more stringent as the risk parameter increases. We show that the optimal signalling mechanism in this case can be obtained by solving a linear program. We numerically verify the improvement in achieving desirable outcomes using our information design relative to the no-information and full-information benchmarks.
Tracking the motion of intracardiac structures aids the development of future leadless pacing systems (2020)

Due to the presence of intracardiac structures, placement of leadless pacemakers with dimensions similar to commercially manufactured RV systems would be limited to apical regions.
The Formation of Phenylethane-1,2-diol 2-Acetate in the Metabolism of Styrene Oxide by Rabbit Liver Microsomesin vitro (1979)

1. Phenylethane-1,2-diol 2-acetate has been isolated from the incubation of styrene oxide or styrene diol with liver microsomes of phenobarbital-pretreated rabbits. 2. Observed ratios of phenylethane-1,2-diol to its 2-acetate in the incubation mixtures ranged between 19 : 1 and 5 : 1 with different microsomal preparations and different periods of incubation. 3. The formation of phenylethane-1,2-diol 2-acetate may be a source of errors in the radiometric determination of epoxide hydrase activity in microsomes.
Acceleration and radiation generation in space and laboratory plasmas (1994)

Sixty-six leading researchers from ten nations gathered in the Homeric village of Kardamyli, on the southern coast of mainland Greece, from August 29–September 4, 1993 for the International Workshop on Acceleration and Radiation Generation in Space and Laboratory Plasmas. This Special Issue represents a cross-section of the presentations made at and the research stimulated by that meeting.
Diet Quality and Nutrient Intakes of Black Southern Rural Elderly (1998)

Abstract This study of 604 Black rural elderly residing in 11 southern states revealed low intakes of calcium, dietary energy and dietary fiber and high intakes of fat and cholesterol. They consumed fewer servings of bread/cereals, fruits/vegetables and milk/cheese, and more servings of meat/poultry/fish than recommended, resulting in inadequate intake of some key nutrients and over-consumption of fats/cholesterol. Compared with three-meal eaters, meal skippers consumed fewer servings in all four food groups and had lower dietary adequacy scores. Only 7.3 % of participants had post secondary education, only 7% had monthly family income over $1000, and the majority (75%) prepared their own meals. Efforts to alleviate transportation problems and systematic nutrition counseling tailored to suit the rural elderly with low education and limited income are recommended.
Immunoregulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Nitrogen Oxides (2006)

The therapeutic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy are thought to be restricted to the pulmonary vasculature because of rapid inactivation of NO by hemoglobin in the bloodstream. However, recent data suggest that inhaled NO may not only be scavenged by the heme iron of hemoglobin but also may react with protein thiols in the bloodstream, including cysteine-93 of the hemoglobin B subunit. Reaction of NO with protein or peptide thiols is termed S-nitrosylation and results in the formation of relatively stable protein S-nitrosothiols that carry NO bioactivity to distal organs. Thus, inhaled NO-induced protein S-nitrosylation may allow inhaled NO to have multiple as yet undiscovered physiologic and pathophysiologic effects outside of the lung. Here we review the immunoregulatory and antimicrobial functions of NO and the potential effects of inhaled NO therapy on host defense.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for lung tumors beneath the rib under CT fluoroscopic guidance with gantry tilt (2010)

RF ablation under CT scan fluoroscopic guidance with gantry tilt is a useful and safe technique for RF ablation of lung nodules located beneath the rib.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1: Its structure, biological activity and role in tumorigenesis (Review) (2004)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), is a unique member of serpin superfamily, the primary regulator of plasminogen activation and therefore essential factor regulating physiological thrombotic/fibrinolytic balance in vivo. Via interactions with integrins and extracellular matrix components it orchestrates also cell adhesion and migration. Therefore, PAI-1 is considered one of the key regulators of tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as cancer-related angiogenesis. This review summarizes recent findings on the structure and functional activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, and current opinions on its role in tumorigenesis.
A 3.6 kV full SiC fuel cell boost converter for high power electric aircraft (2018)

In order to electrify commercial passenger aircrafts with several MW propulsion power, voltages in the kilovolt range are necessary. Since fuel cells show a soft output voltage characteristic, a boost converter is essential. Within this paper a 3.6 kV fuel cell DCDC-converter is presented that is based on 3.3 kV SiC-MOSFETs allowing much higher light load efficiency and switching frequency than conventional silicon IGBT solutions. The higher light load efficiency is an important feature for long haul aircrafts since the maximum power is only needed for take-off and climbing up to the cruising altitude. Within this paper, a single phase setup is built-up, the electrical design is explained and efficiency measurements are performed.
Shock wave reflection and focusing phenomena in fluid-interacting shell systems (2008)

The analysis of the hydrodynamic fields induced in cylindrical shells by an external shock loading is presented. The model of irrotational, inviscid, and linearly compressible fluid is used, and the shell is assumed to be thin enough for the linear theory of shells to apply. The fluids and the shell are coupled through the dynamic boundary condition on the interface. The finite difference technique was employed to obtain the harmonics of the shell displacements. The simulated images based on the solution developed were compared to the available experimental ones for some of the pressure components. It was observed that the dynamics of the acoustic field when the fluids are identical.
Robust classification of hand postures against complex backgrounds (2002)

A system for the classification of hand postures against complex backgrounds in grey-level images is presented. The system employs elastic graph matching, which has already been successfully employed for the recognition of faces. Our system reaches 86.2% correct classification on our gallery of 239 images of ten postures against complex backgrounds. The system is robust with respect to certain variations in size of hand and shape of posture.
The Temperature of Cavitation (1991)

Ultrasonic irradiation of liquids causes acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles. Bubble collapse during cavitation generates transient hot spots responsible for high-energy chemistry and emission of light. Determination of the temperatures reached in a cavitating bubble has remained a difficult experimental problem. As a spectroscopic probe of the cavitation event, sonoluminescence provides a solution. Sonoluminescence spectra from silicone oil were reported and analyzed. The observed emission came from excited state C(2) (Swan band transitions, d(3)IIg-a(3)II(micro)), which has been modeled with synthetic spectra as a function of rotational and vibrational temperatures. From comparison of synthetic to observed spectra, the effective cavitation temperature was found to be 5075 +/- 156 K.
Interferon Kappa Is Important for Keratinocyte Host Defense against Herpes Simplex Virus‐1 (2020)

Type I interferon kappa (IFN<i>κ</i>) is selectively expressed in human keratinocytes. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a human pathogen that infects keratinocytes and causes lytic skin lesions. Whether IFN<i>κ</i> plays a role in keratinocyte host defense against HSV-1 has not been investigated. In this study, we found that <i>IFNκ</i> mRNA expression was induced by addition of recombinant IFN<i>κ</i> and poly (I:C); and its expression level was significantly greater than <i>IFNa2</i>, <i>IFNb1</i>, and <i>IFNL1</i> in both undifferentiated and differentiated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) under resting and stimulation conditions. Although IFNe was expressed at a relatively higher level than other IFNs in resting undifferentiated NHEK, its expression level did not change after stimulation with recombinant IFN<i>κ</i> and poly (I:C). HSV-1 infection inhibited gene expression of <i>IFNκ</i> and <i>IFNe</i> in NHEK. Silencing <i>IFNκ</i> in NHEK led to significantly enhanced HSV-1 replication in both undifferentiated and differentiated NHEK compared to scrambled siRNA-transfected cells, while the addition of recombinant IFN<i>κ</i> significantly reduced HSV-1 replication in NHEK. In addition, we found that IFN<i>κ</i> did not regulate protein expression of NHEK differentiation markers. Our results demonstrate that <i>IFNκ</i> is the dominant type of IFNs in keratinocytes and it has an important function for keratinocytes to combat HSV-1 infection.
Effect of Ammonium Thiocyanate on Hydrogen Entry Behavior of Low Alloy Steel under Galvanostatic Cathode Charging (2020)

The effect of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) on the behavior of hydrogen entry into low alloy steel under cathode charging was investigated using electrochemical hydrogen permeation technique. In this study, hydrogen entry sides were charged galvanostatically to control the rate of hydrogen evolution reaction. The potential, hydrogen charging current density and hydrogen permeation current density were measured at pH of 3.0 in acetic buffer solution with and without 3 g·L–1 NH4SCN. From the Tafel slope of the cathode reaction and the dependence of hydrogen concentration on hydrogen charging current density, it was confirmed that the hydrogen evolution reaction proceeded under Volmer-Tafel mechanism in this study. NH4SCN drastically increased hydrogen entry into steel. To analyze the results of this study, the efficiency of hydrogen entry was calculated from the relationships among hydrogen charging current density, hydrogen permeation current density and hydrogen overpotential. It was found that the hydrogen entry efficiency was drastically higher in NH4SCN environment than that in NH4SCN free environment. However, the coverage of adsorbed hydrogen atoms on hydrogen entry side was decreased in NH4SCN environment. To discuss the mechanism that NH4SCN increases hydrogen entry efficiency, the activation energies of hydrogen adsorption and hydrogen absorption were estimated by temperature dependence of the hydrogen charging current density and the hydrogen permeation current density. It is suggested that NH4SCN increased the activation energy of hydrogen adsorption although it decreased that of hydrogen absorption.
Backstepping speed control of PMSM based on equivalent input disturbance estimator (2010)

This paper presents an improved equivalent input disturbance estimator to solve the influence of unmeasured disturbance on permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). Backstepping controller is designed and the combination of the state observer and the low-pass filter is used in the estimator. The controller and estimator satisfy the separation principle by using the estimator presented. The simulation results show that the design method can overcome the shortcomings of long settling time compared with the traditional method and improve the disturbance rejection performance.
Eraseable optical disk systems for signal processing (1991)

When the time it takes to access a tape is too long, and the storage capacity of a magnetic disk is too small, then optical disk technology can be applied to provide the best of both worlds; fast access and high storage capacity. Optical disk provides random access media with larger capacities than magnetic disk. Optical disk jukeboxes and libraries can provide huge storage capacities online. Storage intensive applications such as signal processing, image processing, voice recognition, scientific data collection, CAD/CAM, supercomputers, medical imagery and visualization drive the demand for huge online capacity and fast access.
Screening for Physical Capacity in the US Army: An Analysis of Measures Predictive of Strength and Stamina, (1980)

Two models to predict aerobic and strength capacities have been developed. Prediction of these capacities has been predicated on demonstrated relationships between them and simple measures of anthropometry and performance. The relative maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was chosen as the criterion measure for aerobic capacity. This choice reflects well understood physiological principles relating VO2 max and the aerobic requirements of real world tasks. The safe maximal lifting capacity to a 132 cm platform was chosen as the strength capacity criterion. This choice reflects a simplification of strength- demanding performance requirements in the U.S. Army. The simplification is justified by the demonstration that in excess of 90% of Army tasks having non-trivial strength requirements have lifting and/or repetitive lift and carrying solely as the strength demanding task. The use of the criterion measures to set physical capacity standards and describe enlistee population characteristics is constrained by a number of weaknesses in the sample populations used to construct the models. Fortunately, however, these limitations need not detract from practical utilization of the system. The criterion measures represent simulators of real world performance requirements, and thereby need not be considered as the ultimate criteria by which to set the screening standards. Rather, manpower needs, injury rates, etc., can be used in a dynamic mode to vary standards periodically, and thereby assure that the best personnel are placed in the more physically demanding jobs.
Managing inclusion : Shifting paradigms of social justice in the Swedish Upper Secondary School (2014)

Managing inclusion – Shifting paradigms of social justice in the Swedish Upper Secondary School
The effect of nanocrystalline silicon host on magnetic properties of encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (2015)

The purpose of this work is a detailed comparison of the fundamental magnetic properties of nanocomposite systems consisting of Fe3O4 nanoparticle-loaded porous silicon as well as silicon nanotubes. Such composite structures are of potential merit in the area of magnetically guided drug delivery. For magnetic systems to be utilized in biomedical applications, there are certain magnetic properties that must be fulfilled. Therefore magnetic properties of embedded Fe3O4-nanoparticles in these nanostructured silicon host matrices, porous silicon and silicon nanotubes, are investigated. Temperature-dependent magnetic investigations have been carried out for four types of iron oxide particle sizes (4, 5, 8 and 10 nm). The silicon host, in interplay with the iron oxide nanoparticle size, plays a sensitive role. It is shown that Fe3O4 loaded porous silicon and SiNTs differ significantly in their magnetic behavior, especially the transition between superparamagnetic behavior and blocked state, due to host morphology-dependent magnetic interactions. Importantly, it is found that all investigated samples meet the magnetic precondition of possible biomedical applications of exhibiting a negligible magnetic remanence at room temperature.
Partial synergism between dextran-conjugated doxorubicin and cancer drugs on the killing of multidrug resistant KB-V1 cells. (1997)

One of the major problems in cancer chemotherapy is the development of tumor resistance to drug treatment. In in vitro experiments, the stepwise selection of cancer cells resistant to a single antineoplastic agent may lead to resistance to multiple agents (multidrug resistance). One of the well known mechanisms leading to multidrug resistance is the over-expression of the mdr1 gene product, the 170 kDa membrane P-glycoprotein which is an ATP-driven efflux pump of xenobiotics. We studied the effects of dextran-conjugated doxorubicin in combination with colchicine, vinblastine and free doxorubicin respectively on the killing of human KB 3-1 carcinoma cells and its multidrug resistant subclone KB-V-1 cells. Cell survival was quantified by the tetrazolium salt MTT assay Cytotoxicity studies were designed so that data could be analyzed by the medium-effect principle and the calculated Combination Indices at different cell survival levels. When added alone conjugated doxorubicin was not as effective as doxorubicin in cell killing. When conjugated doxorubicin was combined with free doxorubicin or colchicine at high (over 75%) killing rates, a significant degree of synergism was observed in the killing of multidrug resistant KB-V1 cells. This synergism was not observed in non-resistant KB-3-1 cells nor when conjugated doxorubicin was combined with vinblastine.
Table-top Soft X-Ray Lasers (2016)

Since first demonstrated plasma-based soft x-ray lasers have increased in average power and repetition rate by more than four orders of magnitude. The physics, status, applications, and prospects of table-top soft x-ray lasers is reviewed.
A MATLAB expert system for ground-based satellite operations (2005)

The use of expert systems as a means of providing satellite operators with a fast and reliable telemetry analysis tool has become increasingly widespread. We have developed a MATLAB-based expert system that is intended to provide production rule based telemetry analysis functionality to the operator while leveraging the power and available support for the MATLAB software package. The initial phase of this project involves the development of production rule methodology code, which can quickly and efficiently provide the satellite operator with the engineering data required to make command decisions. Our efforts have also focused on support capabilities for the expert system to include the ability to edit rules and update satellite specific threshold values. Initial code validation using archived telemetry from the Sapphire satellite has shown that the code functions as designed. A full test of the code during a live contact has yet to be accomplished. The flexibility of the MATLAB scripting language provides an expert systems platform that has a tremendous potential for evolving to include features like persistence-based reasoning and long term plotting.