gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ohmic heating in a double-taper sabot-armature (2003)

A two-dimensional model, developed previously to investigate the transport of electromagnetic fields and energy in solid-armature railguns, is simplified to study exclusively heating within the interior of the armature. The simplifying assumptions, made in order to reduce the time required for calculations, include neglecting the effects of velocity as well as the details of the physics occurring at the rail-armature interface. These assumptions are not believed to be particularly restrictive when the intent of the calculations is to investigate regions of the armature that are far removed from the rails. The governing equations, appropriate under this set of assumptions, are presented. The model is then applied to analyze current and heat transport in a double-taper sabot armature, a type of armature that is currently under active study and is known to be valuable in launching high-density tactical payloads. In particular, calculations are undertaken to investigate the manner in which a variation of certain geometrical parameters that define the shape of the armature affect the time evolution and spatial distribution of temperature, fields, and forces within the armature. Results of the calculations are studied carefully and explained by basic physical principles.
Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Regulation—Current Status in Human Randomized Trials (2020)

New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host's metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the composition of the gut microbiota, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but it is acted upon by gut microbes, and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids are produced. The short-chain fatty acids may be absorbed into the circulation and affect metabolic regulation in the host or be a substrate for other microbes. Some studies have shown improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reduced inflammation with increases in gut-derived short-chain fatty acids, all of which may reduce the risk of developing metabolic diseases. To what extent a dietary intervention with fiber may affect the human gut microbiota and hence metabolic regulation, is however, currently not well described. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and metabolic regulation. Metabolic regulation is discussed with respect to markers relating to glycemic regulation and lipid metabolism. Taken together, the papers on which the current review is based, suggest that dietary fiber has the potential to change the gut microbiota and alter metabolic regulation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a firm conclusion describing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic regulation remains elusive.
Catalysis in flow: Au-catalysed alkylation of amines by alcohols (2011)

By using a greater reaction space afforded by a flow reactor, commercially available Au/TiO2 can be used for highly selective direct alkylation of amines by alcohols, without the need for an inert atmosphere or base. A brief survey of substrates includes the alkylation of aromatic, aliphatic and chiral amines by a number of primary and secondary alcohols, in high yield and selectivity. The synthesis of Piribedil, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, can be achieved in a single synthetic operation without the need for column chromatography. Mechanistic aspects of the reaction were revealed through modelling of reaction profiles, and the origin of selectivity is attributed to the accessibility of high temperature. The presence of water was found to be crucial for catalyst activity.
[Preparation of monoclonal antibodies specific to lactate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum]. (2005)

Fifteen hybridoma cell lines secreting high titer of McAb specific to Plasmodium falciparum LDH were established based on the recombinant pLDH.
QS-Attn: Query-Selected Attention for Contrastive Learning in I2I Translation (2022)

Unpaired image-to-image (I2I) translation often requires to maximize the mutual information between the source and the translated images across different domains, which is critical for the generator to keep the source content and prevent it from unnecessary modifications. The self-supervised contrastive learning has already been successfully applied in the I2I. By constraining features from the same location to be closer than those from different ones, it implicitly ensures the result to take content from the source. However, previous work uses the features from random locations to impose the constraint, which may not be appropriate since some locations contain less information of source domain. Moreover, the feature itself does not reflect the relation with others. This paper deals with these problems by intentionally selecting significant anchor points for contrastive learning. We design a query-selected attention (QS-Attn) module, which compares feature distances in the source domain, giving an attention matrix with a probability distribution in each row. Then we select queries according to their measurement of significance, computed from the distribution. The selected ones are regarded as anchors for contrastive loss. At the same time, the reduced attention matrix is employed to route features in both domains, so that source relations maintain in the synthesis. We validate our proposed method in three different I2I datasets, showing that it increases the image quality with-out adding learnable parameters. Codes are available at https://github.com/sapphire497/query-selected-attention.
Acute action of DSP-4 on central norepinephrine axons: biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for differential effects. (1989)

Previous immunohistochemical studies of the long-term effects of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4 have demonstrated a remarkably selective vulnerability of norepinephrine (NE) axons of the locus coeruleus (LC). NE axons originating in non-LC NE neurons appear to be largely resistant to the neurotoxic action of DSP-4. We conducted this study to evaluate the acute effects of DSP-4 on NE axons in four different brain regions: cerebral cortex, cerebellum, ventral forebrain, and hypothalamus. NE levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 6 and 24 hr and 14 days after DSP-4 administration. NE axons in these brain regions were visualized in brain sections at 6 and 24 hr after drug treatment, using a specific antiserum to NE. HPLC assays revealed profound reductions of NE levels in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but only minor decreases in ventral forebrain and hypothalamus. NE immunohistochemistry showed dramatic differences in the acute effects of DSP-4 on NE axon staining: nearly complete loss of staining in cortex and cerebellum, in contrast to an almost unchanged staining pattern in ventral forebrain and hypothalamus. This study demonstrates that NE immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool to assess the acute effects of DSP-4 on NE axons in different brain regions. The results provide the first direct evidence that NE axons are not uniformly acted on by DSP-4 and suggest that the acute effects of DSP-4 are restricted to LC axons.
Celebrating 50 Years of Organic Chemistry Applied Materials Research on the Occasion of Fred Wudl’s 75th Birthday (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTCelebrating 50 Years of Organic Chemistry Applied Materials Research on the Occasion of Fred Wudl's 75th BirthdayAlejandro L. Briseno, Jonathan J. Mallett, and Kirk S. SchanzeCite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 51, 27987–27988Publication Date (Web):December 30, 2015Publication History Published online30 December 2015Published inissue 30 December 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.5b12017https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12017editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1191Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Conjugated polymers,Metals,Natural organic matter,Organic electronics Get e-Alerts
Colorimetric Estimation of Dithranol (1959)

Abstract Dithranol in glacial acetic acid when reacted with solution of sodium nitrite develops an orange yellow colour. The optimum conditions for this reaction were exploited for the quantitative estimation of dithranol alone or in ointments. Some of the common ingredients such as salicylic acid, benzoic acid, zinc oxide and boric acid usually present in dithranol ointment were found not to interfere. The method is simple and accurate and results are reproducible within ± 2 per cent.
Specific Adhesion of Carbohydrate Hydrogel Particles in Competition with Multivalent Inhibitors Evaluated by AFM (2014)

Synthetic glycooligomers have emerged as valuable analogues for multivalent glycan structures in nature. These multivalent carbohydrates bind to specific receptors and play a key role in biological processes. In this work, we investigate the specific interaction between mannose ligand presenting soft colloidal probes (SCPs) attached to an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever and a Concanavalin A (ConA) receptor surface in the presence of competing glycooligomer ligands. We studied the SCP-ConA adhesion energy via the JKR approach and AFM pull-off experiments in combination with optical microscopy allowing for simultaneous determination of the contact area between SCP and ConA surface. We varied the contact time, loading rate and loading force and measured the resulting mannose/ConA interaction. The average adhesion energy per mannose ligand on the probe was 5 kJ/mol, suggesting that a fraction of mannose ligands presented on the SCP bound to the receptor surface. Adhesion measurements via competitive binding of the SCP in the presence of multivalent glycooligomer ligands did not indicate an influence of their multivalency on the glycooligomer displacement from the ConA surface. The absence of this "multivalency effect" indicates that glycooligomers and ConA do not associate via chelate complexes and shows that steric shielding by the glycooligomers does not slow their displacement upon competitive binding of a ligand presenting surface. These results highlight the high reversibility of carbohydrate-surface interactions, which could be an essential feature of recognition processes on the cell surface.
Use of a Recombination Reporter Insert To Define Meiotic Recombination Domains on Chromosome III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiotic recombination is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs usually occur in intergenic regions that display nuclease hypersensitivity in digests of chromatin. DSBs are distributed nonuniformly across chromosomes; on chromosome III, DSBs are concentrated in two "hot" regions, one in each chromosome arm. DSBs occur rarely in regions within about 40 kb of each telomere and in an 80-kb region in the center of the chromosome, just to the right of the centromere. We used recombination reporter inserts containing arg4 mutant alleles to show that the "cold" properties of the central DSB-deficient region are imposed on DNA inserted in the region. Cold region inserts display DSB and recombination frequencies that are substantially less than those seen with similar inserts in flanking hot regions. This occurs without apparent change in chromatin structure, as the same pattern and level of DNase I hypersensitivity is seen in chromatin of hot and cold region inserts. These data are consistent with the suggestion that features of higher-order chromosome structure or chromosome dynamics act in a target sequence-independent manner to control where recombination events initiate during meiosis.
Protein crystallization at oil/water interfaces (2011)

We report a remarkable enhancement in the extent of protein (lysozyme) crystallization at a wide class of oil/water interfaces. Additionally, for the case of a 1,2-dichloroethane/aqueous interface, we present initial data which show how the extent of crystallization can be further controlled via the application of a potential across the interface. These results indicate that protein crystallization can be directed at oil/water interfaces through judicious selection of the oil phase and the experimental conditions.
Effects of 8 wk of voluntary unloaded wheel running on K + tolerance and excitability of soleus muscles in rat (2011)

During intense exercise, efflux of K(+) from working muscles increases extracellular K(+) ([K(+)](o)) to levels that can compromise muscle excitability and hence cause fatigue. In this context, the reduction in the exercise-induced elevation of [K(+)](o) observed after training in humans is suggested to contribute to the increased performance after training. Although a similar effect could be obtained by an increase in the tolerance of muscle to elevated [K(+)](o), this possibility has not been investigated. To examine this, isolated soleus muscles from sedentary (sedentary) rats and from rats that had voluntarily covered 13.1 ± 0.7 km/day in an unloaded running wheel for 8 wk (active) were compared. In muscles from active rats, the loss of force induced by exposure to an elevated [K(+)](o) of 9 mM was 42% lower than in muscles from sedentary rats (P < 0.001). This apparent increase in K(+) tolerance in active rats was associated with an increased excitability as evident from a 33% reduction in the electrical current needed to excite individual muscle fibers (P < 0.0009). Moreover, muscles from active rats had lower Cl(-) conductance, higher maximal rate of rise of single-fiber action potentials (AP), and higher Na(+)/K(+) pump content. When stimulated intermittently at 6.5 mM K(+), muscles from active rats displayed better endurance than muscles from sedentary rats, whereas no difference was found when the muscles were stimulated continuously at 30 or 120 Hz. We conclude that voluntary running increases muscle excitability, leading to improved tolerance to elevated [K(+)](o).
Polymorphisms in the promoter region of relaxin-2 and preterm birth: involvement of relaxin in the etiology of preterm birth. (2010)

Women homozygous for prevalent SNPs in the RLN2 gene may have a genetic susceptibility for PTB.
The role of the Jak‐Stat pathway in chemokine‐mediated signaling in T lymphocytes (2007)

Abstract Chemokines are low molecular weight soluble mediators that control leukocyte trafficking during lymphocyte homeostasis and inflammation. Chemokine‐mediated signaling is triggered upon chemokine binding to seven transmembrane G protein‐coupled receptors. Multiple signaling pathways are activated leading to cytoskeleton rearrangements, gene transcription and receptor internalization or degradation Among the signaling molecules involved in chemokine mediated signaling, the Jak‐Stat pathway has been shown to be activated very early after chemokine stimulation. There is growing evidence showing the involvement of particular Jaks and Stats, in chemokine receptor signaling both in cell lines and primary cells. Jak/Stat phosphorylation is detected soon after chemokine receptor dimerization or in response to chemokines. Also, pharmacological inhibition of Jaks, or the use of Jak deficient lymphocytes results in inhibition of chemokine‐mediated responses, such as chemotaxis or integrin‐mediated adhesion. This review summarizes the current data describing the involvement of the Jak‐Stat pathway in chemokine‐mediated signaling in T lymphocytes and discusses the potential crosstalk with other TCR and cytokine‐mediated signaling pathways.
Some case histories of source discrimination using time-domain spectral IP (1997)

Abstract It has long been known that induced polarization (IP) transient voltages decay with time at a rate that is dependent strongly on the mean grain size of the metallic conducting particles in the IP source. The Cole-Cole model provides a three-parameter representation (M, tau and C) for IP responses. The time-constant (tau ), in particular, has been found to be very useful in resolving IP sources with differing mean particle size. The characterization of IP responses in terms of these parameters has been termed "spectral IP." These parameters may be determined either through the analysis of the response of the earth to sequential transmission of ac currents of different frequencies (i.e., frequency-domain IP), or through the analysis of the transient decays resulting from the transmission of interrupted square-wave currents (i.e., time-domain IP). The latter approach offers the major convenience of being applicable to data obtained in the course of routine production surveys, with no increase in survey time. In practice, spectral IP parameters are determined most readily from time-domain transients through the computer matching of the observed data to the best fit in a family of precalculated Cole-Cole curves. This may be done, off-line, using a PC, or, in a recent receiver, essentially on-line, using software imbedded in the receiver. Field case histories from Canada, Finland, and Australia are given to illustrate the application of spectral IP to the resolution of IP sources in the time domain. It is recommended that this approach to the processing and presentation of time-domain IP data should be applied routinely, as a very cost-effective enhancement to the exploration value of such data. An additional benefit from this presentation is that it will facilitate a sharing of experimental results with workers in the frequency domain who may also use the spectral IP approach.
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of <I>S</I>-salbutamol after administration of the racemate in healthy volunteers (1999)

Although some studies suggest that asthma deteriorates after reducing inhaled steroids, results of long-term studies indicate that this might not be true for all patients. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of the detection of a plateau on the concentration-response curves to inhaled methacholine as a marker for safely reducing the dose of inhaled budesonide in asthmatic patients who are well-controlled with a moderately high dose of this inhaled steroid. A total of 46 patients with moderate asthma, well-controlled for at least 6 months by treatment with 800 microg budesonide daily, were included in the study. Subjects were treated for a 2-week run-in period with their usual dose of budesonide. At the end of the run-in, all subjects were challenged with methacholine (0.095-200 mg x mL(-1)). Plateau responses, median effective concentration values, slopes and provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values were measured. For the subsequent 12 weeks, patients were treated in an open design with budesonide at a reduced dose (200 microg once daily), and were asked to record their peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the morning and in the evening. In addition, asthma symptoms and use of rescue terbutaline were recorded in diaries. Plateaus were present in 24 patients, whereas 22 subjects showed concentration-response curves without evidence of a plateau. Ten patients in the nonplateau group deteriorated after reducing inhaled budesonide, compared to one patient in the plateau group (p = 0.002). In the nonplateau group, FEV1 decreased from a baseline value of 3.28+/-0.19 L to 2.94+/-0.20 L at week 12 (p&lt;0.0001). Likewise, morning PEF decreased from 419+/-19 L x min(-1) at baseline to 394+/-19 L x min(-1) at week 12 (p = 0.02). By contrast, these variables remained unchanged in the plateau group. In conclusion, in asthmatic patients, well-controlled with a moderately high dose of budesonide, the detection of a plateau on the concentration-response curve to inhaled methacholine may be used as a marker for safely reducing the corticosteroid dose.
The systematic use of evidence‐based methodologies and technologies enhances shared decision‐making in the 2018 International Consensus Conference on Patient Blood Management (2019)

This ICC-PBM resulted in 10 clinical and 12 research recommendations supported by an international stakeholder group of experts in blood transfusion. Systematic, rigorous and transparent evidence-based methodology in a formal consensus format should be the new standard to evaluate (cost-) effectiveness of medical treatments, such as blood transfusion.
New compact design of dual notched bands UWB antenna with slots in radiating and feeding elements (2013)

In this paper, a new design of ultra-wideband printed elliptical monopole antenna is presented. The proposed antenna operates over a wideband from 2.75 to 15.3 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than two. Two modifications are introduced to enhance the impedance bandwidth of the proposed elliptical monopole antenna. The first one is to chamfer the edges of the ground plane with a radius of 5 mm. The second modification is to shift the patch and the feeder line. A dual band notched characteristics were achieved by utilizing symmetrical L-shaped slot and an inverted U-shaped slot inserted in the radiating patch and in the feed line respectively. These bands are 3-4 GHz and 5-6 GHz used for WiMAX and WLAN operations. The length and the width of the slots dominate on the center frequency and the width of the notch bands. The proposed antenna shows several advantages compared with other recently proposed band notch antennas with its compact size, simple structure, wide bandwidth, good band-notch characteristic, omni-directional radiation pattern and acceptable gain. The proposed antenna simulation results are obtained and optimized using a commercial electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio.
Retraction of “Cisplatin-Loaded Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Promising Tool for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Regeneration” (2022)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02090.].