gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trout and Trout Hatcheries of the Future (1959)

Possible and probable methods for improvement of fish hatchery management and production of trout are presented. It is concluded that in the future application of known information and further research will result in more efficient and more mechanized fish rearing and distribution; in better diets and feeding methods; in improvements in disease control; and in development of improved strains of fish. The literature on these topics is reviewed.
Application of bisthiocarbanions to the elaboration of 2-cyclohexenone systems (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of bisthiocarbanions to the elaboration of 2-cyclohexenone systemsElias J. Corey and Dennis CrouseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 1, 298–300Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01265a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01265a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonlinear optimization approach for Fourier ptychographic microscopy (2015)

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is recently proposed as a computational imaging method to bypass the limitation of the space-bandwidth product of the traditional optical system. It employs a sequence of low-resolution images captured under angularly varying illumination and applies the phase retrieval algorithm to iteratively reconstruct a wide-field, high-resolution image. In current FPM imaging system, system uncertainties, such as the pupil aberration of the employed optics, may significantly degrade the quality of the reconstruction. In this paper, we develop and test a nonlinear optimization algorithm to improve the robustness of the FPM imaging system by simultaneously considering the reconstruction and the system imperfections. Analytical expressions for the gradient of a squared-error metric with respect to the object and illumination allow joint optimization of the object and system parameters. The algorithm achieves superior reconstructions when the system parameters are inaccurately known or in the presence of noise and corrects the pupil aberrations simultaneously. Experiments on both synthetic and real captured data validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Trehalose 6-phosphate Controls Seed Filling by Inducing Auxin Biosynthesis (2019)

Abstract Plants undergo several developmental transitions during their life cycle. One of these, the differentiation of the young embryo from a meristem-like structure into a highly-specialized storage organ, is vital to the formation of a viable seed. For crops in which the seed itself is the end product, effective accumulation of storage compounds is of economic relevance, defining the quantity and nutritive value of the harvest yield. However, the regulatory networks underpinning the phase transition into seed filling are poorly understood. Here we show that trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), which functions as a signal for sucrose availability in plants, mediates seed filling processes in seeds of the garden pea ( Pisum sativum ), a key grain legume. Seeds deficient in T6P are compromised in size and starch production, resembling the wrinkled seeds studied by Gregor Mendel. We show also that T6P exerts these effects by stimulating the biosynthesis of the pivotal plant hormone, auxin. We found that T6P promotes the expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED2 (TAR2) , and the resulting effect on auxin levels is required to mediate the T6P-induced activation of storage processes. Our results suggest that auxin acts downstream of T6P to facilitate seed filling, thereby providing a salient example of how a metabolic signal governs the hormonal control of an integral phase transition in a crop plant.
Siglec‐5 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells (2022)

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunoglobulin-type lectins that mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions via sialic acids attached to glycoproteins or glycolipids. Most of the CD33-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs), a major subfamily of rapidly evolving Siglecs, contain a cytoplasmic signaling domain consisting of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) and mediate suppressive signals for lymphoid and myeloid cells. While most CD33rSiglecs are expressed by innate immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, to date, the expression of Siglecs in human T cells has not been well appreciated. In this study, we found that Siglec-5, a member of the CD33rSiglecs, is expressed by most activated T cells upon antigen receptor stimulation. Functionally, Siglec-5 suppresses T cell activation. In support of these findings, we found that Siglec-5 overexpression abrogates antigen receptor induced activation of NFAT and AP-1. Furthermore, we show that GBS β-protein, a known bacterial ligand of Siglec-5, reduces the production of cytokines and cytolytic molecules by activated primary T cells in a Siglec-5 dependent manner. Our data also show that some cancer cell lines express a putative Siglec-5 ligand(s), and that the presence of soluble Siglec-5 enhances tumor-cell specific T cell activation, suggesting that some tumor cells inhibit T cell activation via Siglec-5. Together, our data demonstrate that Siglec-5 is a previously unrecognized inhibitory T cell immune checkpoint molecule and suggest that blockade of Siglec-5 could serve as a new strategy to enhance anti-tumor T cell functions.
Hiyama Cross‐Coupling of Chloro‐, Fluoro‐, and Methoxypyridyltrimethylsilanes: Room‐Temperature Novel Access to Functional Bi(het)aryl. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wavelet Based Independent Component Analysis for Multi-Channel Source Separation (2006)

We consider the problem of separating instantaneous mixtures of different sound sources in multi-channel audio signals. Several methods have been developed to solve this problem. Independent component analysis (ICA) is certainly the most known method and the most used. ICA exploits the non-Gaussianity of the sources in the mixtures. In this study, we propose an improved signal separation algorithm where simultaneously we increase the non-Gaussian nature of signals and we initiate the preliminary separation. For this, the observations are transformed into an adequate representation using the wavelet packets decomposition. In this study, we consider the instantaneous mixture of two sources using two sensors. We validate our approach by using synthetic and recorded audio signals. Preliminary results show a strong improvement when compared to conventional ICA (FastICA), with specific signals.
Influences of Drying and Storage of Lycopene-Rich Carrots on the Carotenoid Content (2005)

ABSTRACT The stability of β-carotene and lycopene was investigated during convective air and inert gas drying, microwave vacuum drying, and freeze-drying for lycopene containing carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. Nutri Red). After convection drying at temperatures below 70°C, β-carotene and lycopene contents remained unchanged independent of the drying medium. Freeze-drying did not show any advantage to convection-drying regarding carotenoid retention. Microwave vacuum–drying led to dry products with high carotenoid retention within very short drying times of about 2 h. Storage in air and in inert gas (nitrogen) containers was studied for convection-dried products, observing a better retention of carotenoids when using inert gas for a period of up to 6 months. After convection- and microwave vacuum–drying, an even better carotenoid extractability could be observed. No changes in the isomere fractions could be detected in any case.
Lipoic Acid, a Lead Structure for Multi-Target-Directed Drugs for Neurodegeneration (2006)

Nowadays, drug discovery based on a single-target-directed strategy seems inappropriate for the treatment of complex diseases that have multiple pathogenic factors. Recent research into new drugs, which are able to hit different targets, highlights the idea that a single molecule could be sufficient to treat multi-factorial diseases. In this review, examples of multi-target-directed compounds derived from lipoic acid are examined.
Placememo - Supporting Mobile Articulation in a Vast Working Area Through Position Based Information (2002)

The purpose of our research is to evaluate and redesign a position based information system. We report on ethnographic fieldwork about road inspection, i.e. management of large trunk roads. Road inspectors travel to identify defects and disturbances and then handle the problems or delegate the work. The current information system (ProData) allows position-based reporting with the principal purpose of rationalizing paperwork. We argue that the visible interruptions in the work show that the system functionality doesn&amp;apos;t fit with the specifics of their mobile work. Our findings inform the body of research on mobile position based information systems. First, the designers of ProData have focused on the use of position-based information in an organizational setting, whereas the researchers focus on support for individual activities like reminder tools. Mobile work often demands that both these perspectives be addressed. Secondly, we argue that both the researchers and the ProData designers have to pay attention to the practical details of mobile activities and local collaboration. We recommend development of PlaceMemo, a communication system supporting the making and sharing of position based voice messages. This system will support the user in individual as well as collaborative articulation of contingent situations.
Etude de la physico-chimie de l'atmosphère de Neptune (1996)

Depuis quelques annees, grace a la mission voyager et aux progres realises dans le domaine des observations millimetriques depuis le sol, la planete neptune, situee aux confins du systeme solaire nous a devoile quelques secrets. L'atmosphere, composee essentiellement d'hydrogene, d'helium et de methane, est agitee par des vents violents. Dernierement, et contre toute attente, deux nouvelles molecules, co et hcn, ont ete observees dans la stratosphere. Afin de mieux comprendre les processus physiques et chimiques qui ont lieu dans l'atmosphere nous developpons un modele complet de la photochimie de neptune. Ce modele comporte un ensemble de 445 reactions et 64 composes, il tient compte du transport vertical par les processus de diffusions moleculaire et turbulente et permet de calculer le taux de production des brumes dans la basse stratosphere. La modelisation du transfert du rayonnement solaire et interstellaire qui est base sur la methode de monte-carlo est couple au modele photochimique. La comparaison avec les donnees de voyager nous permet de contraindre le rapport de melange de ch4 et le coefficient de diffusion turbulente. Nous obtenons alors un tres bon accord avec les observations pour les autres hydrocarbures. Afin d'etudier la production de hcn, nous prenons en compte le flux d'azote en provenance de triton ainsi que la dissociation de n2 par le rayonnement cosmique. Nous avons de plus developpe un modele de transfert radiatif en geometrie spherique pour interpreter les observations de hcn. Nous etudions enfin la production des composes oxygenes et plus particulierement celle de co a partir du flux meteoritique. Finallement, nous etudions, en parallele, de manieres precises et originales les systemes chimiques d'interet planetologique. Par exemple, nous utilisons les graphes a transmission de signaux pour mieux comprendre la production des composes dans les systemes chimiques complexes
Prototype of an end-effector for a space inspection robot (2001)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: SPACE ROBOTIN-ORBIT MAINTENANCEEND-EFFECTORINSPECTIONDIAGNOSIS
Two Step Restoration of SU(2) Symmetry in a Frustrated Ring-Exchange Magnet (2004)

We demonstrate the existence of a spin-nematic, moment-free phase in a quantum four-spin ring exchange model on the square lattice. This unusual quantum state is created by the interplay of frustration and quantum fluctuations which lead to a partial restoration of SU(2) symmetry when going from a four-sublattice orthogonal biaxial Neel order to this exotic uniaxial magnet. A further increase of frustration drives a transition to a fully gapped SU(2) symmetric valence bond crystal.
Temperature Tuning of Nonlinear Exciton Processes in Self‐Assembled Oligophenyl Nanofibers under Laser Action (2008)

Low-temperature suppression of nonlinear losses leads to improvement in nanosecond lasing threshold of self-assembled oligophenyl nanofibers by two orders of magnitude. Laser dynamics is revealed by time-resolved photoluminescence excited by femtosecond and nanosecond pulses. Strategies are discussed to extend low-threshold operation of nanofiber lasers to room temperature.
Serum antibodies to cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. (1989)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with degenerative changes in nuclei of the basal forebrain which provide most of the cholinergic innervation of the cortex and hippocampus. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are not known, several reports indicate the involvement of immunological mechanisms. In the present work we examined the existence of antibodies in sera of AD patients which bind specifically to cholinergic neurons. As antigen we employed the purely cholinergic electromotor neurons of the electric fish Torpedo which are chemically homogeneous and cross react antigenically with human and other mammalian cholinergic neurons. Our findings show that immunoglobulins (IgG) from sera of AD patients bind to the heavy neurofilament subunit (NF-H) of these neurons. Comparison of the binding of AD and control IgG to Torpedo cholinergic NF-H revealed that AD IgG bind to this neurofilament protein more than control IgG. In contrast, AD and control IgG bind similarly to NF-H obtained from the chemically heterogeneous Torpedo spinal cord and from rat brain. These findings suggest that AD sera contain a repertoire of anti NF-H IgG and that a subpopulation of these antibodies, whose levels are significantly elevated in AD, binds to epitopes highly enriched in Torpedo cholinergic NF-H. The diagnostic potential of these AD antibodies is discussed.
Moment Approximation of Infection Dynamics in a Population of Moving Hosts (2012)

The modelling of contact processes between hosts is of key importance in epidemiology. Current studies have mainly focused on networks with stationary structures, although we know these structures to be dynamic with continuous appearance and disappearance of links over time. In the case of moving individuals, the contact network cannot be established. Individual-based models (IBMs) can simulate the individual behaviours involved in the contact process. However, with very large populations, they can be hard to simulate and study due to the computational costs. We use the moment approximation (MA) method to approximate a stochastic IBM with an aggregated deterministic model. We illustrate the method with an application in animal epidemiology: the spread of the highly pathogenic virus H5N1 of avian influenza in a poultry flock. The MA method is explained in a didactic way so that it can be reused and extended. We compare the simulation results of three models: 1. an IBM, 2. a MA, and 3. a mean-field (MF). The results show a close agreement between the MA model and the IBM. They highlight the importance for the models to capture the displacement behaviours and the contact processes in the study of disease spread. We also illustrate an original way of using different models of the same system to learn more about the system itself, and about the representation we build of it.
Plasma Oxidized Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Is Associated With Better Outcomes (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Plasma oxidized human serum albumin (OxHSA) is evidence of an active antioxidant mechanism as measured by oxidized species of HSA. CXCL-10 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine associated with ischemic conditions. Accordingly, we examined the relationship of admission OxHSA and CXCL-10 with discharge mRS in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). <b>Methods:</b> Plasma samples and clinical data were collected prospectively at a Comprehensive Stroke Center. Admission biomarkers of oxidative stress, CXCL-10 and %OxHSA, were measured. We examined if CXCL-10 or %OxHSA correlated with age, admission NIHSS score, and discharge mRS score using Spearman's Rank correlation. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of a favorable discharge mRS (≤2). <b>Results:</b> In 106 consecutive AIS patients, the median age was 73 (IQR 61-84), 47% were male, and the median admission NIHSS score was 11 (IQR 5-19). %OxHSA and CXCL-10 were significantly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.23, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Both biomarkers were significantly correlated with age: %OxHSA (<i>r</i> = 0.44, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and CXCL-10 (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Neither biomarker was correlated with admission NIHSS. There was a borderline significant correlation with discharge mRS and %OxHSA (<i>r</i> = -0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.08), where higher %OxHSA correlated with lower discharge mRS scores. For every 1% increase in %OxHSA, the odds of a favorable discharge mRS increased 11%. The odds of a favorable discharge mRS decreased 18% for every 1-point increase in the initial NIHSS. <b>Conclusions:</b> OxHSA, the result of an oxidative environment and evidence of the strong antioxidant buffering capacity of HSA, correlated with CXCL-10 and discharge mRS, implying that strong antioxidant activity of albumin may confer better outcomes.
An Efficient Requirement-Aware Attachment Policy for Future Millimeter Wave Vehicular Networks (2019)

The automotive industry is rapidly evolving towards connected and autonomous vehicles, whose ever more stringent data traffic requirements might exceed the capacity of traditional technologies for vehicular networks. In this scenario, densely deploying millimeter wave (mmWave) base stations is a promising approach to provide very high transmission speeds to the vehicles. However, mmWave signals suffer from high path and penetration losses which might render the communication unreliable and discontinuous. Coexistence between mmWave and Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication systems has therefore been considered to guarantee increased capacity and robustness through heterogeneous networking. Following this rationale, we face the challenge of designing fair and efficient attachment policies in heterogeneous vehicular networks. Traditional methods based on received signal quality criteria lack consideration of the vehicle's individual requirements and traffic demands, and lead to suboptimal resource allocation across the network. In this paper we propose a Quality-of-Service (QoS) aware attachment scheme which biases the cell selection as a function of the vehicular service requirements, preventing the overload of transmission links. Our simulations demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly improves the percentage of vehicles satisfying application requirements and delivers efficient and fair association compared to state-of-the-art schemes.
Synthesis of poly(glycerol)-block-poly(methyl acrylate) multi-arm star polymers (2000)

Novel polyfunctional macroinitiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were obtained via esterification of hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) (Mn = 4 770 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.5) with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. Such macroinitiators were used in the presence of CuBr/pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) to initiate methyl acrylate (MA) polymerization, resulting in multi-arm block copolymers with polyether core and 45–55 PMA arms. PMA arm length was controlled via monomer/initiator ratio and conversion (< 35%). Polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, SEC, membrane osmometry and DSC.
Technical Report: Interpretable Machine Learning for Quality Engineering in Manufacturing - Importance measures that reveal insights on errors (2019)

This paper addresses the use of machine learning and techniques of interpretable machine learning to improve quality in manufacturing processes.It proposes analysis methods on top of SHAP values to elicit useful insights from machine learning models.These methods constitute novel importance measures that support quality engineers in the analysis of production errors.We illustrate and test the proposed methods on synthetic as well as on real-world data from a German manufacturer.
A Cost-Effective Dual-Element Metering System for Wet Gas Flowrate Measurement (2018)

Abstract A wet gas flowmeter based on field-proven flowmeters and flow computers has been developed. The flowmeter is engineered by integrating the well-established SmartCone meter, a Pitot tube meter and filed mounted Flow Computer technologies in one wet gas metering solution. This combination exploits the characteristics of these two flow metering elements in wet gas flowrate measurement; The Cone measurement in wet gas is characterized by its relatively large gas measurement over-read with increasing liquid-loading, whereas this has a significantly lower impact on the gas flowrate measured by the Pitot tube. The DynaCone wet gas flowmeter has been in development over the past several years with particular emphasis being placed on developing a flexible flowmeter for broad operating conditions and applications including high turndown ratio, minimal pressure loss, measurement quality diagnostic, and performance characterization in industry-recognized wet gas flow loop. The wet gas performance has been demonstrated at CEESI wet gas flow loop yielding gas flowrates better than ±3% in Type I wet gas range, and better than ±5% in Type II without the input of liquid flowrate to correct for over-reading. Furthermore, uncertainties better than 2% and 3% for Type I &amp; II respectively can be achieved if periodic liquid flowrate information is available for input.