gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment by differential display‐RT‐PCR of mRNA transcript transitions and α‐amanitin sensitivity during bovine preattachment development (2000)

The objectives of this study were to compare patterns of mRNA expression, investigate the onset of transcription, and isolate stage-specific and α-amanitin-sensitive mRNAs during early bovine development by differential-display-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DD-RT-PCR). Embryos representing a preattachment developmental series from the 1-cell to the expanded/hatched blastocyst stage were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid medium + citrate and amino acids (cSOFMaa) with and without α-amanitin (100 μg/mL) for 4 and 12 hr. mRNA profiles were displayed by DD-RT-PCR using 5′ primers A and N. Total conserved cDNA banding patterns varied according to embryo stage with cDNA band numbers declining during early cleavage stages compared to oocyte values and then increasing in total number from the 6–8-cell stage through to the blastocyst stage. A cDNA banding pattern was established at the 8–16-cell stage that was largely unchanged through to the blastocyst stage. These findings with respect to cDNA banding patterns were conserved between oligo primer sets and experimental replicates. α-Amanitin sensitivity was first detected at the 2–5-cell stage but became predominant following the 6–8-cell stage of development to eventually affect the appearance of up to 40% of all cDNA bands by the blastocyst stage. A 12 hr α-amanitin treatment was required to effectively block 3H-uridine incorporation into mRNA in blastocyst stage embryos. Several stage-specific and α-amanitin-sensitive cDNAs were isolated and they will be a focus for future studies. In conclusion, DD-RT-PCR is an effective tool for contrasting gene expression patterns and isolating uncharacterized mRNA transcripts during bovine early development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 55:152–163, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Islet cell-specific regulatory domain in the gastrin promoter contains adjacent positive and negative DNA elements. (1990)

The gastrin gene is expressed in fetal pancreatic islet cells, but after birth expression is selectively repressed as the islets terminally differentiate. DNA transfection studies identified a cis regulatory domain between -108 and -76 in the gastrin promoter which controls gastrin transcription in islet cells. This cis regulatory domain comprises adjacent positive and negative elements. The negative element (-108 to -82) contains the sequence ATTCCTCT, which is also found in the negative element of the beta-interferon promoter. Gel retardation assays and DNase footprinting studies demonstrated that specific islet nuclear protein(s) bind to the gastrin negative element. In vivo competition studies demonstrated that the trans-acting factors which bind to this element specifically repress gastrin promoter activity in islet cells. Immediately downstream of the negative element lies a positive element (-82 CATATGG -76), which activates gastrin transcription in islet cells. The sequence of the positive element resembles the islet-specific enhancer elements of the insulin gene (CATCTGG/C). Gel mobility shift assays and in vivo competition studies indicate that this positive element activates the gastrin promoter by binding to the same islet cell transcription factor which binds enhancer elements in the rat insulin gene. The tandem organization of the negative and positive elements suggests that this regulatory domain may act as a switch controlling the transient transcription of the gastrin gene during fetal islet development.
Design, Synthesis, and Potency of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex E1 Inhibitors against Cyanobacteria (2017)

Safe and effective algaecides are needed to control agriculturally and environmentally significant algal species. Four series (6, 10, 17, and 21) of 29 novel 4-aminopyrimidine derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized. A part of 10, 17, and 21 displayed potent inhibition of Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 (E. coli PDHc-E1) (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.12-18.06 μM) and good inhibition of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.7-7.1 μM) and Microcystis sp. FACH 905 (EC<sub>50</sub> = 3.7-7.6 μM). The algaecidal activity of these compounds positively correlated with their inhibition of E. coli PDHc-E1. In particular, 21l and 10b exhibited potent algaecidal activity against PCC 6803 (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.7 and 0.8 μM, respectively), values that were 2-fold increased compared to that of copper sulfate (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.8 μM), and showed the best inhibition of cyanobacterium PDHc-E1 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 5.10 and 6.06 μM, respectively). 17h and 21e, the best inhibitors of E. coli PDHc-E1, were studied by molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and enzymatic assays. These results revealed that the improved inhibition of novel inhibitors compared with that of the lead compound I was due to the formation of a new hydrogen bond with Leu264 at the active site of E. coli PDHc-E1. The results proved the great potential to obtain effective algaecides via the rational design of PDHc-E1 inhibitors.
Switchable diode effect and ferroelectric resistive switching in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films (2011)

Current-voltage hysteresis and switchable rectifying characteristics have been observed in epitaxial multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films. The forward direction of the rectifying current can be reversed repeatedly with polarization switching, indicating a switchable diode effect and large ferroelectric resistive switching. With analyzing the potential barriers and their variation with ferroelectric switching at the interfaces between the metallic electrodes and the semiconducting BFO, the switchable diode effect can be explained qualitatively by the polarization-modulated Schottky-like barriers.
Technique for temperature compensation of eddy-current proximity probes (1989)

Eddy-current proximity probes are used in turbomachinery evaluation testing and operation to measure distances, primarily vibration, deflection, or displacment of shafts, bearings and seals. Measurements of steady-state conditions made with standard eddy-current proximity probes are susceptible to error caused by temperature variations during normal operation of the component under investigation. Errors resulting from temperature effects for the specific probes used in this study were approximately 1.016 x 10 to the -3 mm/deg C over the temperature range of -252 to 100 C. This report examines temperature caused changes on the eddy-current proximity probe measurement system, establishes their origin, and discusses what may be done to minimize their effect on the output signal. In addition, recommendations are made for the installation and operation of the electronic components associated with an eddy-current proximity probe. Several techniques are described that provide active on-line error compensation for over 95 percent of the temperature effects.
An Application of Coding Theory to a File Address Problem (1963)

In this paper a file address problem is proved to be equivalent to a problem in coding theory. Results in coding theory can thus be used in solving this file addressing problem. It is shown, in particular, how the theory of Bose-Chaudhuri codes can be applied. A simple transformation from the input information to its address is given. This method can be easily implemented using either a computer or shift registers.
Synchronizing Teaching Resources of Energy Conservation Principle in Mechanical Engineering Courses- Year 2 Updates (2023)

The conservation of energy, mass, and momentum are three governing laws of physics that are regularly uttered in teaching engineering courses. Mechanical energies in the form of kinetic and potential forms are the most common forms of energy in dynamics. Fluid flow energies relating to pressure, velocity, elevation, fluid friction, pump, and turbine are covered in fluid dynamics. In thermodynamics course, the first law deals with heat energy and work that can alter internal energy in a system. In all these courses, the conservation of energy states that the amount of energy remains constant, that means that energy is neither created nor destroyed but transferable from one form to another, keeping the total energy same within a fixed domain. Students are initially exposed to energy balance equation in their first Thermodynamics course. In this course, emphasis is placed upon those parameters of specific interest related to energy to this subject. We attempted to tie the concepts of the energy balance equation through 1st Law in thermodynamics to those emphasized in Fluid Mechanics. This was accomplished by taking the students from the starting point of the thermodynamics’ first law for Energy Balance equation to the finished Fluid Mechanics’ Bernoulli’s equation. In the following semester, students were again taken through the process of converting the 1st Law of thermodynamics to Bernoulli’s equation of fluid mechanics. Direct and indirect assessments were then conducted to measure students’ understanding on the energy and its conservation. Through a series of questionnaire and their feedback, Students were found to be more knowledgeable in the conservation of energy through the synchronization of energy balance concepts in these two courses. This presentation is a part of work-in-progress project that we first presented at 2022 WVAS meeting.
Wireless Communications (2006)

This volume contains papers based on invited talks given at the 2005 IMA Summer Workshop on Wireless Communications, held at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications, University of Minnesota, June 22 - July 1, 2005. It presents some of the highlights of the workshop, and collects papers covering a broad spectrum of important and pressing issues in wireless communications.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS USING CHIRALLY MODIFIED BOROHYDRIDES. PART 1. ENANTIOSELECTIVE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC KETONES WITH THE REAGENT PREPARED FROM BORANE AND (S)‐VALINOL (1983)

Abstract Die Reduktion des Ketons (I) zu dem Alkohol (II) durch das Titelreagenz (III) wird unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen untersucht.
Enhancing the efficiency of TiO2-perovskite heterojunction solar cell via evaporating Cs2CO3 on TiO2 (2014)

In a TiO2–perovskite heterojunction solar cell (TiO2–PHSC), besides the perovskite CH3NH3PbX3, TiO2 as one side of the TiO2/CH3NH3PbX3 heterojunction also plays an important role in the photovoltaic effect. In order to improve the performance of the TiO2–PHSC with the structure of glass/FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3–xClx /poly-TPD (poly(N,N ′-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N ′-bis(phenyl)benzidine))/Au, a 2 nanometer thick Cs2CO3 layer is thermally evaporated on the mesoporous TiO2 layer. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) raises from 17.7 mA cm–2 to 18.9 mA cm–2, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.81 V to 0.87 V, and the fill factor (FF) from 55.2% to 67.3%; as a result, the power conservation efficiency (PCE) increases from 8.0% to 11.1% under AM 1.5G solar illumination (100 mW cm–2). Moreover, in a TiO2–PHSC free of mesoporous TiO2, where Cs2CO3 is evaporated on the compact TiO2 layer, the Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE values increase from 16.0 mA cm–2, 0.83 V, 50.8% and 6.7% to 17.9 mA cm–2, 0.90 V, 59.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. The reasons of the PCE increase for either the first kind of TiO2–PHSC or the mesoporous-TiO2-free TiO2–PHSC with a nanometer-thick Cs2CO3 layer on mesoporous TiO2 or compact TiO2 are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overexpression of a Domain of Unknown Function 231-containing protein increases O-xylan acetylation and cellulose biosynthesis in Populus (2017)

These results suggest that PdDUF231A affects cellulose biosynthesis and plays a role in the acetylation of xylan. <i>PdDUF231A</i> is a promising target for genetic modification for biofuel production because biomass productivity and compositional quality can be simultaneously improved through overexpression.
OS11W0238 Fatigue damage characterization via plasticity-induced martensitic transformation around a part-through crack in SUS304 stainless steel (2003)

The present study investigates plasticity-induced martensitic transformation around a part-through crack in an austenitic stainless steel SUS304 fatigued at room temperature in air. Distributions of the volume fraction of α' martensitic phase around a semi-elliptical fatigue crack were measured with ferrite scope. The results were compared with the distributions of vertical magnetic flux density B_z above and below the crack measured by in a specimen magnetized by a strong electromagnet. It was revealed that the B_z distributions reflected the distributions of α' volume fraction ξ_α' around a fatigue crack: i.e., the distance between the points where B_z reached the maximum and the minimum values B_<zmax> and B_<zmin> had linear correlations with surface crack length 2a. The B_<zmax> and the B_<zmin> values also showed linear relations with maximum stress intensity factors at the surface tips K_<amax> and at the depth position K_<bmax>. These results imply that not only 2a but also K_<amax> and K_<bmax> values can be estimated in an electromagnetic non-destructive way.
Regenerative braking strategy for hybrid electric vehicles based on regenerative torque optimization control (2008)

A regenerative torque distribution (RTD) strategy is proposed to make maximum use of the braking energy to improve fuel economy for hybrid electric vehicles, in which the available regenerative braking force, the demand of the front wheel braking force, and the front wheel lock-up force are all explicitly taken into account. The actual front wheel cylinder pressure, which is reduced by the amount of the actual regenerative braking force, is supplied from the electronic hydraulic brake system. An emulated engine compression braking (EECB) is suggested during coasting, and the electric motor provides a negative torque to emulate the internal combustion engine drag torque to charge the ultracapacitor. In addition, a regenerative torque optimization strategy (RTO) is implemented to maximize the actual electric power recuperated by the ultracapacitor. The simulation results show that both the RTD with RTO and the EECB with RTO are able to offer improved ultracapacitor voltages.
<title>Thermal control of the space telescope high-speed photometer</title> (1993)

The Hubble Space Telescope High Speed Photometer (HSP) thermal control system uses a software control system instead of mechanical thermostats to control heaters. The most unreliable part of a conventional thermal control system, the thermostat, is eliminated in this design. In addition, the software control design provides great operational flexibility impossible to obtain with thermostats. The heaters can be controlled by a 'software thermostat' with its in-flight adjustable set points. The control system can also be operated in a variety of other modes, namely, a constant power mode, a power profile mode, and a direct commanding mode. The system can provide a given amount of energy into the heaters over a wide range of input bus voltages because bus voltage is sensed by the control software. Heater power is switched by the same relays that are needed in a thermostat system for power control. The system has proven to be adaptable to the changing needs of the Hubble Space Telescope mission. A similar system was designed and built into the Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer instrument that was launched in January 1993. Experience from that mission is also described.
Cellular DNA region involved in induction of thymic lymphomas (Mlvi-2) maps to mouse chromosome 15. (1984)

Two cellular DNA regions representing common domains for proviral DNA integration ( Mlvi -1 and Mlvi -2) have been identified in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymic lymphomas. Cellular sequences which were free of repeated DNA derived from a clone that defines the Mlvi -2 integration domain (lambda Cl228 ) were found to be highly conserved in a variety of vertebrate species that we examined, including mice, hamsters, cats, and humans. In this study, we identified the chromosomal map location of the Mlvi -2 homologous sequences in mice by using hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids. The results show that Mlvi -2 is present on mouse chromosome 15 but is unrelated to the c-myc and c-sis proto-oncogenes, which map on the same chromosome. Since aberrations on chromosome 15 have been observed reproducibly in mouse thymomas, our data suggest that Mlvi -2 may define a novel sequence involved in the induction or progression of murine thymic lymphomas.
Towards Effective Representation of Clinical Documents for Search and Retrieval (2012)

Recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of structured search of PubMed abstracts when compared with unstructured key word search. We explore whether search on clinical text is similarly enhanced by representing domain specific structures, information, and knowledge. Examples include representations of document structure and sections, local context such as negation, and appropriate modeling of scalar quantities. We examine tasks ranging from recruitment of suitable patients for studies, to chronic disease prevention and management, to longitudinal studies of individual patients or groups, as well as comparative experiments performed on an NLP enhanced clinical search tool that operates on large corpora of clinical text.
Control of Schistosomiasis Using Nigerian Medicinal Plants as Molluscicides (1988)

One hundred and twelve extractives prepared from 53 medicinal plants were evaluated for molluscicidal activity using three snail vectors, Bulinus globosus. Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis. Thirteen of these plants (24.5%) from 9 families passed the World Health Organization preliminary test for molluscicidal activity. Molluscicidal constituents are surveyed and discussed.
Protective Effects of Aucubin Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts (2005)

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation has been demonstrated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells and skin, which induces the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), causing skin photoaging. Using the human skin fibroblast HS68 cell line in the present study, we investigated the photoprotective effects of aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides. Pretreatment with aucubin significantly inhibited the production of MMP-1 by 57% when compared to the UVB-irradiated cells. Additionally, the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA beta-gal) activity was markedly decreased in the presence of aucubin, which indicates it as an antiphoto-induced aging compound. As the effect of aucubin was determined against ROS, the inhibited ROS formation and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the increased cell viability and glutathione (GSH) level were observed with aucubin under UVB irradiation. Based upon these results, it was suggested that aucubin might play an important role in the cellular defense mechanism against UV radiation-induced photoaging. An understanding of the antioxidant properties of aucubin could, in part, act to elucidate its protective mechanism on the human skin photoaging.
Binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies towards fragments of human growth hormone produced by plasmin digestion (1983)

To help define the immunological epitopes on human growth hormone (hGH), interaction of fragments of the hormone with 7 monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) was studied. Plasmin-digested hGH, containing two peptides (hGH1-134 and hGH141-191) joined by a disulphide bond, bound to each McAb with affinity similar to that of intact hGH. The purified C-terminal fragment, hGH141-191, showed low affinity for each McAb. The N-terminal fragment, hGH1-134, bound with quite high affinity to 2 McAbs (EB1 and EB3) but not to the other 5. We conclude that residues 1-134 of hGH contain the epitope to which McAbs EB1 and EB3 bind.
Do primary dysfunctions in neural control of arterial pressure contribute to hypertension? (1991)

This article is a summary of the physiological and clinical evidence that links the cause of essential hypertension to the brain. We stress the potential importance of a biochemical disturbance in the central role of angiotensin II in the regulation of arterial pressure. While the evidence is compelling, we acknowledge the need for further complete studies on this timely subject.
Synthesis and mesomorphism of ether–ester mixed tail C3-symmetrical truxene discotic liquid crystals (2010)

Truxene discotic liquid crystals are interesting for their polymesomorphism and as organic semiconductor candidates. We developed an efficient synthetic method for C3-symmetrical truxene derivative 2,7,12-trihydroxy-3,8,13-trimethoxytruxene 5, and further a series of ether–ester mixed tail truxene discogens HTn, TR(OMe)3[OOCC6H2(OCnH2n+1)3]3 were prepared. The truxene discogens HTn (n = 4–8, 10, 12) were characterised by using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Their thermal stability was studied with thermal gravimetric analysis and their liquid crystal properties were investigated by using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. They exhibit a hexagonal columnar (Colh) mesophase in fairly wide temperature ranges.
Shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) for ocular tissue biomechanics (2013)

We report on a noncontact low-coherence optical phase-based imaging method, termed shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT), which enables 2D depth-resolved visualization of the low-amplitude elastic wave propagation in tissue with ultrahigh frame rate. SWI-OCT is based on 1D transverse scanning of the M-mode OCT imaging that is precisely synchronized with a low-pressure short-duration air-puff loading system. This approach of scanning and data recording allows visualization of the induced tissue deformation at high frame rate. The applied phase-resolved interferometric technique, with sensitivity on the nanometer scale, makes the low-amplitude tissue displacement detectable. For the demonstration of this method, and to study its application for tissue biomechanics, we performed pilot experiments on agar phantoms and ex vivo rabbit corneas. Samples with different elastic properties can be differentiated based on the velocity of the elastic wave propagation that is directly visualized with a 25 kHz frame rate. Our results indicate that SWI-OCT has the potential to be further developed as a major technique for depth-resolved high-resolution tissue elastography in vivo.
Inhibition of B16 melanoma metastasis by overexpression of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C (1999)

Progression to metastasis has been correlated with increased cysteine proteinase activity for a number of tumour types. One mechanism of cysteine proteinase regulation in normal cells is by natural protease inhibitors, the cystatins. Here we further characterize a transfected cell line showing increased cystatin C transcription driven by cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter/enhancer sequences. Properties of this cystatin C altered cell line such as growth in vitro, lung colonization after tail vein injection in mice, production of cystatin, and cysteine proteinase inhibitor activities were examined. Although there was no difference between the growth rate of the cystatin transfected cell line and that of the control, there was a substantial difference in metastatic ability. No increase was noted in cystatin C secretion into the media for the cystatin C transfected cell line compared with the control transfected cell line. There was, however, a difference in cysteine protease inhibitor activity in the cell-free extracts. These results show that alteration of cystatin C levels by overexpression in B16 melanoma alters properties associated with metastasis.