gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory-Based Smart Power System, Part II: Control, Monitoring, and Protection (2012)

Wide area monitoring (WAM), wide area protection (WAP), and wide area control (WAC) systems will enhance the future of smart grid operation in terms of reliability and security. In part I of this paper, a proposed architecture for a hybrid ac/dc smart grid hardware test-bed system was presented. Design details of the various components and their connectivity in the overall system architecture were identified. In part II of the paper, the focus is on the design of monitoring, control, and protection systems and their integrated real-time operation. Various control scenarios for system startup and continuous operation are examined. We have developed a control system based on wide area measurements. The advanced measurement system based on synchrophasors was also implemented using DAQs real-time synchronous data. The developed system features a wide variety of capabilities such as online system parameters calculation and online voltage stability monitoring. These are implemented as an experimental case to enhance wide area monitoring systems. Moreover, the protection system was designed inside of the real-time software environment to monitor the real-time wide area data, and make a comprehensive and reliable coordination for the whole system. Ideas related to the interaction of a dc microgrid involving sustainable energy sources with the main ac grid have been also implemented and presented. The implemented system is explicit and achievable in any research laboratory and for real-time real-world smart grid applications.
Phenotypic Variability Correlates with Clinical Outcome in Cryptococcus Isolates Obtained from Botswanan HIV/AIDS Patients (2018)

Cryptococcosis results in hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. Cryptococcus is an encapsulated yeast, and during infection, cells have the capacity for substantial morphological changes, including capsule enlargement and shedding and variations in cell shape and size. In this study, we examined 70 Cryptococcus isolates causing meningitis in HIV/AIDS patients in Botswana in order to look for associations between phenotypic variation and clinical symptoms. Four variant phenotypes were seen across strains: giant cells of ≥15 µm, micro cells of ≤1 µm, shed extracellular capsule, and irregularly shaped cells. We found that “large” and “small” phenotypes were associated with differing disease symptoms, indicating that their production may be important during the disease process. Overall, our study indicates that Cryptococcus strains that can switch on cell types under different situations may be more able to sustain infection and resist the host response.
A Fast Signal–Induced Activation of Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase (2000)

We present the first evidence for a fast activation of the nuclear protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by signals evoked in the cell membrane, constituting a novel mode of signaling to the cell nucleus. PARP, an abundant, highly conserved, chromatin-bound protein found only in eukaryotes, exclusively catalyzes polyADP-ribosylation of DNA-binding proteins, thereby modulating their activity. Activation of PARP, reportedly induced by formation of DNA breaks, is involved in DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Our findings demonstrate an alternative mechanism: a fast activation of PARP, evoked by inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate-Ca(2+) mobilization, that does not involve DNA breaks. These findings identify PARP as a novel downstream target of phospholipase C, and unveil a novel fast signal-induced modification of DNA-binding proteins by polyADP-ribosylation.
Collection and Containment of Solid Human Waste for Space Station (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Human waste collection and containment have presented difficulties and challenges for manned space flight. Prime objectives of this new improved type of human waste collection subsystem selected for the Space Station Freedom are to gain crew acceptance of waste collection and containment in a safe and convenient manner.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This system also operates with a minimum of power and requires no overboard venting to space. The human waste collection subsystem features individual disposable bags for fecal collection with mechanized compaction and in flight removable canisters that allow natural biodegradation of the stored solid waste.&lt;/div&gt;
Phytohormones as specific inhibitors of Legionella pneumophila growth. (1990)

Legionellae have been found to be highly susceptible to a variety of biological products, which increases the difficulty of growing these microorganisms. We developed a hypotonic medium in which Legionella pneumophila and other legionellae grow well and multiply rapidly from small inocula. Several amino acids, mainly nonessential ones, inhibited the growth of legionellae at high concentrations (200-1,000 micrograms/ml). We describe a unique biological phenomenon of specific inhibition of growth of L. pneumophila by the plant growth hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and the closely related indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). The inhibition of growth was probably due to interference with the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan by the phytohormone or IPA. Other bacteria were found to be 50 to 100-fold more resistant to these agents. These findings may explain the peculiar ecology of legionellae. Bacterial susceptibility towards IPA (less than or equal to 5 micrograms/ml) may serve as a specific marker for the presence of legionellae.
Estimation of genetic parameters for temperament in Jeju crossbred horses (2018)

The results of this study showed that the test categories had moderate heritability and high genetic correlations, but additional studies may be necessary to use the results for the improvement programs of the temperament of Jeju crossbred horses.
In vivo 31 P cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods and first clinical results (1991)

31P-Magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of the heart can be obtained from well-defined myocardial regions by combined MR imaging and variable selected volumes for spectroscopy. 31P-spectra of 33 volunteers and of 43 patients with dilative and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and with coronary artery disease were quantified using a curve-fitting routine. To optimize our technique, we recorded unsaturated and partially saturated spectra in several volunteers. Relative peak areas and signal-to-noise ratios showed significant changes with varying pulse repetition times. Saturation factors were applied to correct spectra from volunteers and patients for the effects of partial saturation. Under resting conditions, peak areas of volunteers and patients from the various groups were statistically indistinct.
The Influence of Perpatih Custom on the Design of Traditional Malay Houses in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia (2016)

The migration of the community of Minangkabau to Tanah Melayu had brought with them several influences into the local community such as culture and architecture. A significant cultural essence that had influenced the community in Negeri Sembilan is Pepatih Custom which is still practiced by the community nowadays. It plays various roles in the people’s lives including unity, family units according to the “suku”, marriages, deaths and how to inherit land and houses. In designing the traditional Malay houses in Negeri Sembilan, the family activities, as well as the community as a whole are thoroughly considered. A house is not perceived only as a place to stay but also a gathering place for other occasions such as weddings, funerals and deaths. The private and public areas are separated harmoniously from the aspects of architecture and religion. The strength of the design of the traditional Malay houses is also frequently depicted in verses and proverbs in the system of Pepatih Custom that relates to “kuat rumah kerana sendi rosak sendi rumah binasa” which means the community has to stand together in whatever situation and if they do not they will be weak and chaotic. Just like the role of “sendi” or joints of a house, they have to be designed perfectly because if the joints are loosely built the whole structure of the house would collapse. Keywords: Minangkabau, Perpatih Custom, traditional malay house, Negeri Sembilan
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer-Related Thrombosis (1992)

Thrombotic events are common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with neoplastic diseases. Standard diagnostic tests may give misleading results, and the effects of treatment may not be as expected. This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombosis in this difficult setting.
Wireless Power Transfer Using Metamaterial Bonded Microstrip Antenna for Smart Grid WSN (2014)

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system is a suitable alternative for power transmission where conventional wired power transfer faces geographical challenges. In a long range wireless power transmission system, power is transmitted through microwaves. A highly directive antenna is required for an effective transmission through this system. This paper talk about a circularly polarized microstrip rectangular patch antenna incorporated with a metamaterial slab. Use of microstrip antennas will considerably reduce the size of WPT system in comparison to other microwave antenna. In this paper the modeling and analysis of the wireless power transmission system is done on 2.45 GHz frequency and using GaAs Schottky barrier diode for the rectification of microwave power to DC power at the receiver end. Antenna assigned with metamaterial proposed in paper will enhance the amount of transferred power to wireless sensors network with less radiation loss.
Dechuck Operation of Coulomb Type and Johnsen-Rahbek Type of Electrostatic Chuck Used in Plasma Processing (2008)

Comparative study on Coulomb type and Johnsen-Rahbek type of electrostatic chuck used for holding a silicon wafer in plasma processing is presented. The remarkable differences between the two types are found in dechuck operation where a high voltage applied to the chuck electrode is turned off to release the wafer from the chuck stage. In case of the Coulomb type, an instantaneous large short-circuit current flows exponentially decreasing with a short time constant (τ = 0.14 ms). In case of the J-R type, a non-exponentially decaying small current is sustained for much longer time (∼1000 ms), thus giving rise to the considerable delay of wafer dechuck. The mechanism of such decay is explained by a microscopic bi-layer model where the interfacial layer is divided into three distinct regions having their own capacitance and surface resistance.
Kommentar (2014)

Die hier kommentierte Veröffentlichung von Bolland und Kollegen hat mehrere Studien mit insgesamt sehr großen Teilnehmerzahlen zusammengefasst (Metaanalyse), in denen es um die Effekte einer Vitamin-D-Supplementierung auf verschiedene Endpunkte wie Herzinfarkt, Krebs, Hüftfrakturen und Mortalität ging. Die Autoren schlussfolgern, dass eine zusätzliche Vitamin-D-Gabe, mit oder ohne Kalzium, nicht in der Lage ist, das Auftreten der genannten Krankheiten/Frakturen um mehr als 15 % zu verringern. – Red. Originalarbeit: Bolland MJ, Grey A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal, vascular, or cancer outcomes: a trial sequential meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2: 307–320
Multi-omics Approaches To Decipher the Impact of Diet and Host Physiology on the Mammalian Gut Microbiome (2020)

In recent years, various studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota influences host metabolism. However, these studies were focused primarily on a single or a limited range of host species, thus preventing a full exploration of possible taxonomic and functional adaptations by gut microbiota members as a result of host-microbe coevolution events. In the current study, the microbial taxonomic profiles of 250 fecal samples, corresponding to 77 host species that cover the mammalian branch of the tree of life, were reconstructed by 16S rRNA gene-based sequence analysis. Moreover, shotgun metagenomics was employed to investigate the metabolic potential of the fecal microbiomes of 24 mammals, and subsequent statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of host diet and corresponding physiology of the digestive system on gut microbiota composition and functionality. Functional data were confirmed and extended through metatranscriptome assessment of gut microbial populations of eight animals, thus providing insights into the transcriptional response of gut microbiota to specific dietary lifestyles. Therefore, the analyses performed in this study support the notion that the metabolic features of the mammalian gut microbiota have adapted to maximize energy extraction from the host's diet.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Diet and host physiology have been recognized as main factors affecting both taxonomic composition and functional features of the mammalian gut microbiota. However, very few studies have investigated the bacterial biodiversity of mammals by using large sample numbers that correspond to multiple mammalian species, thus resulting in an incomplete understanding of the functional aspects of their microbiome. Therefore, we investigated the bacterial taxonomic composition of 250 fecal samples belonging to 77 host species distributed along the tree of life in order to assess how diet and host physiology impact the intestinal microbial community by selecting specific microbial players. Conversely, the application of shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approaches to a group of selected fecal samples allowed us to shed light on both metabolic features and transcriptional responses of the intestinal bacterial community based on different diets.
Highly Conductive and Porous Activated Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for High-Power Supercapacitors (2012)

We present a novel method to prepare highly conductive, free-standing, and flexible porous carbon thin films by chemical activation of reduced graphene oxide paper. These flexible carbon thin films possess a very high specific surface area of 2400 m(2) g(-1) with a high in-plane electrical conductivity of 5880 S m(-1). This is the highest specific surface area for a free-standing carbon film reported to date. A two-electrode supercapacitor using these carbon films as electrodes demonstrated an excellent high-frequency response, an extremely low equivalent series resistance on the order of 0.1 ohm, and a high-power delivery of about 500 kW kg(-1). While higher frequency and power values for graphene materials have been reported, these are the highest values achieved while simultaneously maintaining excellent specific capacitances and energy densities of 120 F g(-1) and 26 W h kg(-1), respectively. In addition, these free-standing thin films provide a route to simplify the electrode-manufacturing process by eliminating conducting additives and binders. The synthetic process is also compatible with existing industrial level KOH activation processes and roll-to-roll thin-film fabrication technologies.
Electron Diffraction Investigation of the AgxTaS2 System II. Superlattices, Structure, and Charge Density Waves in AgxTaS2 (1982)

Superlattices are observed by electron diffraction in AgxTaS2 intercalation compounds having 0 < x ⪅ 2/3, in the temperature range from 400 to 25 K and are mainly explained as ordered silver superstructures. However, for x ⪅ 1/4 incommensurate side-band satellites, corresponding to a “3a0” incommensurate charge density wave (CDW/PLD), are also observed. For x ⪅ 1/4 the silver ions only order on a \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt 3a_0 $\end{document} superlattice and it is argued that this is a consequence of the silver ions occupying, in a stage two fashion, octahedral sites between unshifted 2H-TaS2 host layers. As x = 1/3 is approached, the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt 3a_0 $\end{document} and the 2a0 superlattice satellites described in Part I of this paper coexist. For larger concentrations, in addition to weak \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt 3a_0 $\end{document} superlattice satellites, essentially those described for x = 1/3 and 2/3 in Part I are found. Überstrukturen werden mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung in AgxTaS2-Einlagerungsverbindungen, mit 0 < x ⪅ 2/3, im Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 25 K beobachtet und sind zum größten Teil als Überstrukturen der Silberionen erklärbar. Wenn jedoch x ⪅ 1/4 ist, sind periodische inkommensurable Überstruktursatelliten zu sehen, welche mit einer „3a0”︁-Gitterverzerrung übereinstimmen und von elektronischen Instabilitäten (CDW/PLD) verursacht werden. Für x ⪅ 1/4 ordnen sich die Silberionen nur auf einem \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt 3a_0 $\end{document} Supergitter und dies wird erklärt als Folge der Einnahme von oktaherischen Plätzen zwischen den gegenseitig noch unverschobenen 2H-TaS2 Schichten durch die Silberionen in einem Prozeß zweiter Stufe. Wenn x sich an 1/3 annähert, sind die \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt 3a_0 $\end{document} - und die 2a0-Überstruktursatelliten, erklärt im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit, zugleich vorhanden. Für größere Konzentrationen werden außer den schwachen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt 3a_0 $\end{document} -Überstruktursatelliten auch die gefunden, welche für x = 1/3 und 2/3 im Teil I beschrieben wurden.
Properties of 19 S Antibodies in Complement Fixation (1968)

Summary With several antigen-antibody systems, C′ fixation reactivity of whole serum and of separated 19 S and 7 S antibody components was examined. Antigens which did fix C′ with appropriate 19 S antibodies included: bacterial lipopolysaccharides, cardiolipin, denatured DNA and adenosine conjugated to poly-L-lysine or to lysinerich histone. No C′ fixation was observed with 19 S antibodies and hemocyanin or with adenosine-human serum albumin or adenosine-ribonuclease conjugates. Corresponding 7 S antibodies fixed C′ with all of the above antigens. All 7 S antibodies reacted much more effectively at 4°C than at 37°C. In the systems in which 19 S antibodies did fix C′, the ratio of reactivity at 4°C to that at 37°C was much lower than was the case with 7 S antibodies, with both human and rabbit antisera. In the reaction of anti-adenosine macroglobulins with adenosine conjugated to lysine-rich histones, an increase in the average number of adenosine molecules substituted on the histone was accompanied by a fall in the ratio of 4°C effectiveness to 37°C effectiveness. C′ fixation with macroglobulin antibodies may require both an antigen of relatively large molecular volume and critically spaced repeating determinants on an antigen molecule.
Early Interactions of Murine Macrophages with Francisella tularensis Map to Mouse Chromosome 19 (2016)

Francisella tularensis is a highly pathogenic bacterium with a very low infectious dose in humans. Some mechanisms of bacterial virulence have been elucidated, but the host genetic factors that contribute to host resistance or susceptibility are largely unknown. In this work, we have undertaken a genetic approach to assess what these factors are in mice. Analyzing early interactions of macrophages with the bacteria as well as data on overall susceptibility to infection revealed a locus on chromosome 19 that is associated with both phenotypes. In addition, our work revealed differences in the early macrophage response between macrophages with different genetic backgrounds. Overall, this work suggests some intriguing links between in vitro and in vivo infection models and should aid in further elucidating the genetic circuits behind the host response to Francisella tularensis infection.
Regulation of human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by the microenvironment’s control of retinoic acid signaling (2013)

The high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, also known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) suggests an important role for retinoic acid (RA) signaling in determining the fate of these cells. We found that primitive human bone marrow-derived CD34(+)CD38(-) cells not only highly express aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, but also the RA receptor α. Despite the up-regulation of early components of RA signaling, the downstream pathway remained inactive in the primitive CD34(+)CD38(-) cells. Primitive hematopoietic cells rapidly undergo terminal differentiation when cultured away from their microenvironment; however, we found that inhibition of RA signaling maintained their primitive phenotype and function, and promoted their self-renewal. HSCs reside in a complex microenvironment that enforces the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. The exact physiologic mechanisms by which the niche controls HSC fate remain elusive. The embryonic gonadal microenvironment has recently been shown to determine germ-cell fate by degrading RA through expression of the P450 retinoid-inactivating enzyme CYP26B1. We found that the bone marrow microenvironment similarly can control primitive hematopoietic cell fate via modulation of retinoid bioavailability. Accordingly, we found that bone marrow stromal cell CYP26 was also able to inactivate retinoids in serum, preventing RA signaling. Thus, primitive hematopoietic cells appear to be intrinsically programmed to undergo RA-mediated differentiation unless prevented from doing so by bone marrow niche CYP26. Modulation of RA signaling also holds promise for clinical HSC expansion, a prerequisite for the wide-scale use of these cells in regenerative medicine and gene therapy.
Polen (2003)

Auch in Hinblick auf die Wahlsystemgenese kann gelten, was Wiatr allgemein zur Demokratisierung Polens anmerkt. Die polnische Wahlsystemgenese entsprang dem parlamentarischen „Geschäft“. Denn weil bereits 1989 kompetitive Elemente in den Wahlen der Opposition die Möglichkeit boten, in das Parlament gewählt zu werden, und diese Möglichkeit in überwältigender Weise genutzt wurde1, konnte die polnische Transition auf die Möglichkeit parlamentarischer Arbeit zurückgreifen. Wird der Umbruch in Polen mit „transplacement“ beschrieben2, so trifft dies auch auf die parlamentarische Arbeit zu. Kräfte der Opposition und der alten Kader erarbeiteten zusammen ein demokratisches Institutionengefüge. Auch in Hinblick auf das Wahlsystem geschah dies im Parlament.
The Language of Protein Polymers (2014)

Proteins are heteropolymers of one or more amino acid residues arranged in a molecularly defined fashion. The precise control of amino acid sequence in protein biosynthesis programs the folding of these heteropolymers into diverse three-dimensional structures. The language of proteins, however, as seen in nature, encompasses limitless amino acid “phrases” (heteropolymers) written in peptide “words” (amino acid motifs) that span the entire structural spectrum from tightly folded to unstructured. Because protein sequences do not always have an obvious syntactic unit (word), herein we focus on protein polymers that repeat one or more syntactic units —motifs with a characteristic fold, biological activity or physical property (e.g., elasticity, phase behavior). We review the biosynthesis and sequence-controlled behavior of protein polymers that altogether span the gap between folded proteins and unstructured polymers. Learning to speak the language of protein polymers promises to merge the science of protein design and the materials science of synthetic polymers. Paradoxically, while protein structure is largely foreign to polymer chemists, the study and synthesis of unstructured, polymer-like proteins has been—till recently—similarly foreign to structural biologists. Interesting possibilities in materials science emerge from acquiring the capacity to read, write and speak the language of protein polymers.