gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic contrast enhancement of tissue by encapsulated microbubbles. (1982)

Pilot studies have shown that gelatin encapsulated microbubbles (GEM) are readily demonstrable ultrasonic contrast agents. GEM injected into hepatic and renal blood vessels resulted in increased echogenicity of the parenchyma in normal rabbits. VS carcinoma implanted in the rabbit liver and kidney showed significantly different echogenicity from that of normal parenchyma following GEM injection. Echogenic bubbles were delivered to different regions by varying the size of GEM.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist Attenuates Intracerebral Hemorrhage–Induced Brain Injury (2013)

The results suggest that TLR4 antagonist reduced inflammatory injury and neurological deficits in a mouse model of ICH. The mechanism may involve decreased expression of signaling molecules downstream of TLR4.
Sanitation of blackwater via sequential wetland and electrochemical treatment (2018)

Abstract The discharge of untreated septage is a major health hazard in countries that lack sewer systems and centralized sewage treatment. Small-scale, point-source treatment units are needed for water treatment and disinfection due to the distributed nature of this discharge, i.e., from single households or community toilets. In this study, a high-rate-wetland coupled with an electrochemical system was developed and demonstrated to treat septage at full scale. The full-scale wetland on average removed 79 ± 2% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 30 ± 5% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 58 ± 4% total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and 78 ± 4% ortho-phosphate. Pathogens such as coliforms were not fully removed after passage through the wetland. Therefore, the wetland effluent was subsequently treated with an electrochemical cell with a cation exchange membrane where the effluent first passed through the anodic chamber. This lead to in situ chlorine or other oxidant production under acidifying conditions. Upon a residence time of at least 6 h of this anodic effluent in a buffer tank, the fluid was sent through the cathodic chamber where pH neutralization occurred. Overall, the combined system removed 89 ± 1% COD, 36 ± 5% TKN, 70 ± 2% TAN, and 87 ± 2% ortho-phosphate. An average 5-log unit reduction in coliform was observed. The energy input for the integrated system was on average 16 ± 3 kWh/m 3 , and 11 kWh/m 3 under optimal conditions. Further research is required to optimize the system in terms of stability and energy consumption.
An Experimental Investigation of Glass Breakage in Compartment Fires (1991)

An experimental investigation has been completed which examined the breaking of window glass by fire. The experiments were carried out in a compartment designed to achieve a two-layer fire environment characteristic of normal building fires. The experi mental data was collected from two test groups: the first for windows with their edges insulated from the fire (edge-protected) as occurs in normal window installations and the second for windows uniformly heated by the fire (edge-unprotected). The results of the edge-protected window tests indicated that the glass breakage was caused by a critical temperature difference between the central heated portion of the pane and the glass edge. The experimental work showed the critical value to be approximately 90°C. After the material properties of the glass were determined, the theoretical findings of Keski-Rahkonen were used to obtain a value of 70°C; the difference attributed to radia tive heating of the glass surface thermocouple. The test results also demonstrated a dis tinctive loss of integrity by the windows. When breakage occurred, the cracks spread throughout the glass, joined together and caused catastrophic collapse of the pane. The results from the edge-unprotected window tests were quite different. Relatively few cracks developed and almost no propagation across the glass was observed. Consequently, there was no window collapse in any of these cases. The breakage did ini tiate at a consistent glass temperature of 197°C, much higher than that observed for the edge-protected case.
An introduction to electrophoresis: Part I: Methods and calculations. (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn introduction to electrophoresis: Part I: Methods and calculations.Robert A. Alberty Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1948, 25, 8, 426Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1948Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1948Published inissue 1 August 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ed025p426RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
PAC-LAN (2006)

RFID (Radio frequency identification) is often seen as an enabling technology for mixed-reality experiences where all kinds of objects, even the most mundane and inanimate, can be equipped to provide interaction between the real and virtual worlds. These mixed-reality experiences could occur in all aspects of our lives, but one of the most easily envisaged is that of computer games. As the mobile phone has become the computer carried in the pockets of a third of the population of the planet, it would seem a natural platform for these mixed-reality games. Further, the emergence of mobile phones that incorporate RFID readers gives the opportunity for creating games in which players interact with real physical objects, in real locations, and provides enhanced gameplay and experience. In this article we present details of a novel location- and object-enhanced mixed-reality version of the Namco arcade classic, Pacman. In particular, the article presents a comparison of the game to other mixed-reality versions of Pacman; the rationale behind specific design choices made during game design and its subsequent implementation; and an analysis of the experiences of people who have played the game. Our system highlights the possibilities via use of physical objects and the combination of mobile phones and RFID of yielding new mixed-reality entertainment experiences.
Electrocatalytic Function of Nanostructured Surfaces – Reaction and Mass Transport (2010)

1 Institut fur Oberflachemie und Katalyse, Universitat Ulm, 89081 Ulm 2 School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden 3 Institut fur Oberflachemie und Katalyse, Universitat Ulm, 89081 Ulm 4 Dept. of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden 5 Institut fur Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe 6 Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz
POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES IN DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY (2014)

Human concern for environment began as a reaction to single episodes of damage to environment and human health. As a consequence, today, the assessment of environmental impacts consists mostly of negative externalities. When social and economic aspects were considered together with environmental aspects to assess sustainability, the tradition of looking for negative externalities has continued. However, when considering satisfaction of human needs, which is the ultimate goals for sustainable development, it becomes obvious that there are many positive externalities that are not taken into account. Capacity and efficiency to satisfy basic human needs characterize such externalities.
Linkage analysis of complex diseases using microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms: application to alcoholism (2005)

The efficacy of linkage studies using microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was evaluated. Analyzed data were supplied by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Alcoholism was analyzed together with a simulated trait caused by a gene of known position, through a nonparametric linkage test (NPL). For the alcoholism trait, four densities of SNPs (1 SNP per 0.2 cM, 0.5 cM, 1 cM and 2 cM) showed higher peaks of NPL z scores and smaller significant p-values than the usual 10-cM density of microsatellites. However, the two highest densities of SNPs had unstable z score signals, and therefore were difficult to interpret. Analyzing a simulated trait with the same markers in the same pedigrees, we confirmed the higher power of all four densities of SNPs compared to the 10-cM microsatellites panel, although the existence of other confounding peaks was confirmed for maps that are denser than 1 SNP/cM. We further showed that estimating the gene position using SNPs is far less biased than using the usual panel of microsatellites (biases of 0-2 cM for SNPs vs. 8.9 cM for microsatellites). We conclude that using dense maps of SNPs in linkage analysis is more powerful and less biased than using the 10-cM maps of microsatellites. However, linkage signals can be unstable and difficult to interpret when several SNPs are genotyped per centimorgan. The power and accuracy of 1 SNP/cM or 1 SNP/2 cM may be sufficient in a genome-wide linkage scan while denser maps may be most useful in fine-gene mapping studies exploiting linkage disequilibrium.
Guidelines for Controlled Trials of Drugs in Tension-Type Headache: Second Edition (2009)

The Clinical Trials Subcommittee of the International Headache Society published its first edition of the guidelines on controlled trials of drugs in tension-type headache in 1995. These aimed 'to improve the quality of controlled clinical trials in tension-type headache', because 'good quality controlled trials are the only way to convincingly demonstrate the efficacy of a drug, and form the basis for international agreement on drug therapy'. The Committee published similar guidelines for clinical trials in migraine and cluster headache. Since 1995 several studies on the treatment of episodic and chronic tension-type headache have been published, providing new information on trial methodology for this disorder. Furthermore, the classification of the headaches, including tension-type headache, has been revised. These developments support the need for also revising the guidelines for drug treatments in tension-type headache. These Guidelines are intended to assist in the design of well-controlled clinical trials in tension-type headache.
Optical interconnection network using polarization-based ferroelectric liquid crystal gates (1988)

A polarization-based 4 x 4 optical interconnection network using surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) gates is demonstrated. The SSFLC gates are comprised of an SSFLC device sandwiched between two polarizing beam splitters. Optical crosstalk using these fast switching programmable devices can be limited to ~-20 dB/gate, which would allow 2-D interconnection networks to be fabricated with thirty-one input channels and 3-D interconnection networks with approximately 225 input channels.
ChatGPT as a mapping assistant: A novel method to enrich maps with generative AI and content derived from street-level photographs (2023)

This paper explores the concept of leveraging generative AI as a mapping assistant for enhancing the efficiency of collaborative mapping. We present results of an experiment that combines multiple sources of volunteered geographic information (VGI) and large language models (LLMs). Three analysts described the content of crowdsourced Mapillary street-level photographs taken along roads in a small test area in Miami, Florida. GPT-3.5-turbo was instructed to suggest the most appropriate tagging for each road in OpenStreetMap (OSM). The study also explores the utilization of BLIP-2, a state-of-the-art multimodal pre-training method as an artificial analyst of street-level photographs in addition to human analysts. Results demonstrate two ways to effectively increase the accuracy of mapping suggestions without modifying the underlying AI models: by (1) providing a more detailed description of source photographs, and (2) combining prompt engineering with additional context (e.g. location and objects detected along a road). The first approach increases the suggestion accuracy by up to 29%, and the second one by up to 20%.
The Effects Of Two Botanical Supplements On Gene Expression Following Eccentric Exercise (2010)

Eccentric actions cause transient muscle damage. Several studies have reported that antioxidant supplements attenuate exercise-induced muscle injury and oxidative stress and can reduce evidence of damage after eccentric exercise. PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of two independent botanical supplements containing mixtures of plant extracts with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties on changes in gene expression following eccentric exercise. METHODS: 41 healthy men aged 18-30 yrs were randomly assigned to receive a formula containing the placebo or 1 of 2 botanical supplements for 35 days; of these, 32 completed the study. The study period consisted of three stages: Stage 1 - subjects exercised one leg (knee extensors) and a muscle biopsy of both legs (vastus lateralis muscle) was taken at 3-4 hours post-exercise; Stage 2 - subjects took a dietary supplement or placebo for a 28-day period; Stage 3 - subjects repeated the exercise with the contralateral leg and a muscle biopsy of both legs was taken at 3-4 hours post-exercise. Expression profiling was performed using Agilent Whole Genome Chips (Gene Logic, Gaithersberg, MD). ANCOVA (Partek Genomics Suite; age and BMI covariates) was used to determine differentially expressed (p<0.02) genes. Up- and down-regulated genes for supplement 1 vs. placebo and supplement 2 vs. placebo were imported into Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA) for function and network analysis. RESULTS: Viable RNA was available for 28 subjects. Compared with the placebo (N=9), supplement 1 (N=10) significantly up-regulated 300 and down-regulated 4 mRNAs, and supplement 2 (N=9) significantly up-regulated 116 and down-regulated 16 mRNAs. Both supplements enhanced expression of the genes that are involved in the inhibition of inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms. Among the genes modified by both supplements, PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, alpha) was identified by IPA as a key network element in the response to muscle damage. CONCLUSION: Both botanical supplements influenced expression of genes with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, which could reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Supported by Interleukin Genetics, Inc, Waltham, MA and Nutrilite Health Institute, Buena Park, CA
Handwritten alpha-numeric recognition by a self-growing neural network 'CombNET-II' (2003)

CombNET-II is a self-growing four-layer neural network model which has a comb structure. The first layer constitutes a stem network which quantizes an input feature vector space into several subspaces and the following 2-4 layers constitute branch network modules which classify input data in each sub-space into specified categories. CombNET-II uses a self-growing neural network learning procedure, for training the stem network. Back propagation is utilized to train branch networks. Each branch module, which is a three-layer hierarchical network, has a restricted number of output neurons and inter-connections so that it is easy to train. Therefore CombNET-II does not cause the local minimum state since the complexities of the problems to be solved for each branch module are restricted by the stem network. CombNET-II correctly classified 99.0% of previously unseen handwritten alpha-numeric characters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimization of a Statistical Algorithm for Objective Comparison of Toolmarks (2014)

Due to historical legal challenges, there is a driving force for the development of objective methods of forensic toolmark identification. This study utilizes an algorithm to separate matching and nonmatching shear cut toolmarks created using fifty sequentially manufactured pliers. Unlike previously analyzed striated screwdriver marks, shear cut marks contain discontinuous groups of striations, posing a more difficult test of algorithm applicability. The algorithm compares correlation between optical 3D toolmark topography data, producing a Wilcoxon rank sum test statistic. Relative magnitude of this metric separates the matching and nonmatching toolmarks. Results show a high degree of statistical separation between matching and nonmatching distributions. Further separation is achieved with optimized input parameters and implementation of a "leash" preventing a previous source of outliers--however complete statistical separation was not achieved. This paper represents further development of objective methods of toolmark identification and further validation of the assumption that toolmarks are identifiably unique.
EBSD Characterization of Pure Iron Deformed by ECAE (2010)

Polycrystalline iron was deformed by eight ECAE passes using the route Bc to a total strain of 9.2. After deformation the material was annealed at temperatures up to 800oC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize both deformed and annealed structures. In the as-deformed state, the mean grain size is 650 nm and the volume fraction of high angle boundaries (VHAB) is 56%. Upon annealing there is a pronounced softening above 300oC. At the beginning of recrystallization, at about 400oC, the VHAB increases to 71%. The results indicate that discontinuous recrystallization is the main softening mechanism in severely deformed iron.
New Beamforming Techniques Based on Virtual SINR Maximization for Coordinated Multi-Cell Transmission (2012)

In this paper, we propose new beamforming techniques based on virtual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (VSINR) for weighted sum-rate (WSR) maximization in coordinated multi-cell transmission. In earlier works based on the VSINR maximization, the parameters which control the interference power and the noise variance were set to fixed values regardless of channel realizations and the signal-to-noise ratio level. In order to obtain an improved WSR performance, we propose a method which adaptively adjusts the parameters after establishing a connection between the WSR and VSINR. Our proposed method can be applied to the cases of various coordination levels among base stations. To address practical implementation issues, a decentralized implementation of the beamforming techniques is also proposed based on local channel state information. Numerical results confirm that the proposed centralized schemes provide near-optimal WSR performance and the proposed decentralized methods show a negligible performance loss compared to the centralized algorithms with reduced system complexity.
Minerals and synthetic Pb(II) compounds with oxocentered tetrahedra: review and classification (2008)

The crystal structures of minerals and inorganic compounds with OPb 4 oxocentered tetrahedra are reviewed. It is shown that the OPb 4 tetrahedral units may link by sharing common Pb atoms to form structural units of various shape and dimensionality. These units determine basic topology of the structures and influence their stability and properties. The high strength of the OPb 4 te trahedral units involves interplay between high basicity of additional O 2– anions and stereochemical activity of the 6 s 2 lone electron pairs on Pb 2+ cations. The structural chemistry of polycations based upon OPb 4 tetrahedra, in general, follows major trends previously observed for cation-centered tetrahedral units (silicates, phosphates, metal sulphides with MS 4 tetrahedra, etc.). One may conclude that the basic structural correlations depend upon size and charge parameters of the ions only, irrespective of their positive or negative sign.
Transient Elastography-Based Liver Profiles in a Hospital-Based Pediatric Population in Japan (2015)

Childhood obesity carries a high risk of hepatic steatosis associated with increased liver stiffness. FibroScan methodology provides simultaneous determination of CAP and LSM, is feasible in children of any age, and is a non-invasive and effective screening method for hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in Japanese obese children.
Review of Myocardial Motion Estimation Methods from Optical Flow Tracking on Ultrasound Data (2006)

Quantitative analysis of cardiac motion is of great clinical interest in assessment of ventricular function. Ultrasound imaging, especially matrix transducers acquiring real-time three dimensional data, provide valuable information, from which quantitative measures of cardiac function can be extracted via optical flow computation. Such analysis requires tracking of the image brightness patterns with underlying assumptions of visual persistency. We present a review of myocardial motion analysis on cardiac ultrasound, based on optical-flow computation, with phantom and clinical evaluations for segmental wall assessment and motion features quantification.
Monte Carlo Simulation in Environmental Risk Assessment--Science, Policy and Legal Issues (1998)

Dr. Poulter notes that agencies should anticipate judicial requirements for justification of Monte Carlo simulations and, meanwhile, should consider, e.g., whether their use will make risk assessment policy choices more opaque or apparent.
Holographic fabrication of three-dimensional orthorhombic and tetragonal photonic crystal templates using a diffractive optical element (2007)

We report the fabrication of both orthorhombic and tetragonal photonic crystal templates using a phase mask technique. Three-dimensional photonic crystal structures were formed by a double exposure of SU8 to three-beam interference patterns generated by a phase mask. Lattice structures and photonic band gap can be controlled by rotational angles of the phase mask between two exposures. Band gap computation predicts that photonic crystal structures with the optimized band gap can be realized when the rotational angle is set between 50° and 70°. A photonic crystal template with 60° phase mask rotation was fabricated, showing improved lattice structures required for the band gap opening.
Special NSREC 2020 Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Editor Comments (2021)

The May 2021 Special Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) contains selected papers from the 57th annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC), which was held virtually from November 29 through December 30, 2020. The 2020 IEEE NSREC was sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society. More than 60 of the papers presented during NSREC are included in this year’s Special Issue. This issue is neither a conference proceedings nor a conference record. The papers that appear in this Special Issue successfully completed the regular journal review process before the special issue deadline. Several more papers presented during the conference are likely to appear in subsequent issues of the TNS.