gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LAR tyrosine phosphatase receptor: alternative splicing is preferential to the nervous system, coordinated with cell growth and generates novel isoforms containing extensive CAG repeats. (1995)

Receptor-linked tyrosine phosphatases regulate cell growth by dephosphorylating proteins involved in tyrosine kinase signal transduction. The leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) tyrosine phosphatase receptor has sequence similarity to the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM and is located in a chromosomal region (1p32-33) frequently altered in neuroectodermal tumors. To understand the function of receptor-linked tyrosine phosphatases in neural development, we sought to identify LAR isoforms preferentially expressed in the nervous system and cellular processes regulating LAR alternative splicing. We report here the isolation of a series of rat LAR cDNA clones arising from complex combinatorial alternative splicing, not previously demonstrated for the tyrosine phosphatase-receptor gene family in general. Isoforms included: (a) deletions of the fourth, sixth and seventh fibronectin type III-like domains; (b) an alternatively spliced novel cassette exon in the fifth fibronectin type III-like domain; (c) two alternatively spliced novel cassette exons in the juxtamembrane region; (d) a retained intron in the extracellular region with in-frame stop codons predicting a secreted LAR isoform; and (e) an LAR transcript including an alternative 3' untranslated region containing multiple stretches of tandem CAG repeats up to 21 repeats in length. This number of repeats was in the range found in normal alleles of genes in which expansions of repeats are associated with neurodegenerative disease and the genetic phenomenon of anticipation. RT-PCR and Northern analysis demonstrated that LAR alternative splicing occurred preferentially in neuromuscular tissue in vivo and in neurons compared to astrocytes in vitro and was developmentally regulated. Alternative splicing was also regulated in PC12 cells by NGF, in 3T3 fibroblasts by cell confluence and in sciatic nerve and muscle subsequent to nerve transection. Western blot analysis demonstrated that alternatively spliced cassette exons result in the presence of corresponding amino acid segments of LAR protein in vivo. These studies suggest specialized functions of LAR isoforms in the nervous system and support our hypothesis that LAR-like tyrosine phosphatase receptors play a role in neural development and regeneration.
Infection and Erosion Rates in Trials of a Cranially Implanted Neurostimulator Do Not Increase with Subsequent Neurostimulator Placements (2017)

These data indicate that the risk for infection compares favorably to other neurostimulation devices and suggest that rates of infection and erosion do not increase with subsequent neurostimulator replacements.
Sign reversal of the electroclinic coefficient in the smectic B* phase (1991)

Abstract In the B phase of a chiral epoxy compound and its mixtures with an achiral liquid crystal material, a sign reversal in the electroclinic coefficient is observed. The temperature where the coefficient vanishes has been found to be almost independent on the concentration of the chiral molecules. A simple explanation is proposed in terms of conformational changes in the chiral molecule. Supported by molecular mechanics calculations we believe that the anti conformation dominates in the A and C phases, whereas some of several gauche conformations gain, weight in the B* phase and become predominant below a certain temperature.
Botulinum Toxin B Affects Neuropathic Pain but Not Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury in a Mouse Model (2018)

Clinical use of neurotoxins from <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> is well established and is continuously expanding, including in treatment of pain conditions. <i>Background</i>: The serotype A (BoNT/A) has been widely investigated, and current data demonstrate that it induces analgesia and modulates nociceptive processing initiated by inflammation or nerve injury. Given that data concerning the serotype B (BoNT/B) are limited, the aim of the present study was to verify if also BoNT/B is able not only to counteract neuropathic pain, but also to interfere with inflammatory and regenerative processes associated with the nerve injury. <i>Methods</i>: As model of neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was performed in CD1 male mice. Mice were intraplantarly injected with saline (control) or BoNT/B (5 or 7.5 pg/mouse) into the injured hindpaw. For comparison, another mouse group was injected with BoNT/A (15 pg/mouse). Mechanical allodynia and functional recovery of the injured paw was followed for 101 days. Spinal cords and sciatic nerves were collected at day 7 for immunohistochemistry. <i>Results and Conclusions:</i> The results of this study show that BoNT/B is a powerful biological molecule that, similarly to BoNT/A, can reduce neuropathic pain over a long period of time. However, the analgesic effects are not associated with an improvement in functional recovery, clearly highlighting an important difference between the two serotypes for the treatment of this chronic pain state.
Robust Image-Adaptive Data Hiding Using Erasure and Error Correction (2004)

Information-theoretic analyses for data hiding prescribe embedding the hidden data in the choice of quantizer for the host data. In this paper, we propose practical realizations of this prescription for data hiding in images, with a view to hiding large volumes of data with low perceptual degradation. The hidden data can be recovered reliably under attacks, such as compression and limited amounts of image tampering and image resizing. The three main findings are as follows. 1) In order to limit perceivable distortion while hiding large amounts of data, hiding schemes must use image-adaptive criteria in addition to statistical criteria based on information theory. 2) The use of local criteria to choose where to hide data can potentially cause desynchronization of the encoder and decoder. This synchronization problem is solved by the use of powerful, but simple-to-implement, erasures and errors correcting codes, which also provide robustness against a variety of attacks. 3) For simplicity, scalar quantization-based hiding is employed, even though information-theoretic guidelines prescribe vector quantization-based methods. However, an information-theoretic analysis for an idealized model is provided to show that scalar quantization-based hiding incurs approximately only a 2-dB penalty in terms of resilience to attack.
Functional CB1 cannabinoid receptors in human vascular endothelial cells (2000)

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor mRNA was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in endothelial cells from human aorta and hepatic artery and in the ECV304 cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CB1 receptor-binding sites were detected by the high-affinity antagonist radioligand [(125)I]AM-251. In ECV304 cells, both the highly potent synthetic cannabinoid agonist HU-210 and the endogenous ligand anandamide induce activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and the effect of HU-210 was completely blocked, whereas the effect of anandamide was partially inhibited by SR141716A, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist. Transfection of ECV304 cells with CB1 receptor antisense, but not sense, oligonucleotides caused the same pattern of inhibition as SR141716A. This provides more definitive evidence for the involvement of CB1 receptors in MAP kinase activation and suggests that anandamide may also activate MAP kinase via an additional, CB1 receptor-independent, SR141716A-resistant mechanism. The MAP kinase activation by anandamide in ECV304 cells requires genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C (PKC), and anandamide also activates p38 kinase and c-Jun kinase. These findings indicate that CB1 receptors located in human vascular endothelium are functionally coupled to the MAP kinase cascade. Activation of protein kinase cascades by anandamide may be involved in the modulation of endothelial cell growth and proliferation.
Bone scintigraphy with99mtechnetium-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate allows early diagnosis of cardiac involvement in patients with transthyretin-derived systemic amyloidosis (2014)

Bone scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-HDP may detect cardiac involvement in patients with ATTR amyloidosis prior to echocardiographic evidence of cardiac involvement. Cardiac uptake on bone scintigraphy correlates with severity of cardiac involvement using echocardiography, ECG and cardiac biomarkers. Visual grading and calculation of H/S ratio on planar imaging are the preferred methods to assess cardiac uptake.
Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B: Resistenzmechanismen gegen Hemmer der HBV-Polymerase (2009)

In den vergangenen Jahren wurde auf dem Gebiet der Behandlung der chronischen Hepatitis B eine Reihe von neuen Präparaten auf den Markt gebracht, die eine willkommene Bereicherung unserer therapeutischen Optionen darstellt. Derzeit sind 7 Medikamente für die Behandlung der chronischen Hepatitis B zugelassen. Standard-Interferon-&amp;#945;2, pegyliertes Interferon-&amp;#945;2, Lamuvidin (LAM), Adefovir (ADF), Entecavir (ETV), Telbivudin (LdT) und Tenovofir (TDF) [1]. Während bei Standardinterferon und pegyliertem Interferon virale Resistenzentwicklungen nicht auftreten, ist dies bei den Nukleosid/ Nukleotid-Analoga häufig der Fall. Die Entwicklung von resistenten HBV-Mutanten stellt eine zunehmende therapeutische Herausforderung dar; durch sorgfältige Selektion der eingesetzten Therapeutika und häufiges virologisches Monitoring des Patienten sollte eine ungebremste Resistenzentwicklung jedoch verhindert werden können.
Two structural switches in HIV-1 capsid regulate capsid curvature and host factor binding (2022)

Abstract The mature HIV-1 capsid protects the viral genome and interacts with host proteins to travel from the cell periphery into the nucleus. To achieve this, the capsid protein, CA, constructs conical capsids from a lattice of hexamers and pentamers, and engages in and then relinquishes multiple interactions with cellular proteins in an orchestrated fashion. Cellular host factors including Nup153, CPSF6 and Sec24C engage the same pocket within CA hexamers. How CA assembles pentamers and hexamers of different curvatures, how CA oligomerization states or curvature might modulate host-protein interactions, and how binding of multiple co-factors to a single site is coordinated, all remain to be elucidated. Here, we have resolved the structure of the mature HIV-1 CA pentamer and hexamer from conical CA-IP 6 polyhedra to high resolution. We have determined structures of hexamers in the context of multiple lattice curvatures and number of pentamer contacts. Comparison of these structures, bound or not to host protein peptides, revealed two structural switches within HIV-1 CA that modulate peptide binding according to CA lattice curvature and whether CA is hexameric or pentameric. These observations suggest that the conical HIV-1 capsid has different host-protein binding properties at different positions on its surface, which may facilitate cell entry and represent an evolutionary advantage of conical morphology. Significance statement HIV-1 particles contain a characteristic, conical capsid that shields the genome from the cellular immune system and recruits cellular proteins to direct the capsid to the nucleus. The cone forms from hexamers of CA protein, and twelve pentamers that accommodate curvature. We obtained detailed 3D models of pentamers and hexamers at positions on capsid surfaces with different curvatures. We find two places in CA that switch conformation according to the local capsid curvature and whether CA is in a pentamer or hexamer. We also obtained models of CA bound to peptides from cellular proteins. The data show how switches in CA help it form a cone shape, and interact differently with cellular proteins at different positions on the cone surface.
Effects of the Fraction of PTFE and Film Thickness on Wear and Friction in an ePTFE and Epoxy Composite Solid Lubricant Coating (2005)

Wear tests were performed on various expanded PTFE / epoxy composite films, using a 304 stainless steel pin, in a pin on disk configuration. The density and thickness of the expanded PTFE films were varied, and the effects on friction and wear were examined. It was found that there are trends for increased wear resistance with increasing density, and increasing film thickness. Wear rates less than 10−8 mm3/Nm were calculated on some of the composite films. The film thickness range from 75–510μm and the density ranged from 0.304 to 0.904 g/cm3. The tests were run at a 5N load and 1m/s sliding speed with varying sliding distances.
Introduction (2012)

Since its original publication in 1975, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature has played a catalytic role in the critical re-evaluation of the works of Samuel Beckett as a form of ‘Minor Literature’, particularly our ability to reinterpret the Irishman’s texts as machinic assemblages, as nomadic rhizomes rather than hermetically enclosed symptoms of existential and psychological failure. Unlike James Joyce, who re-territorializes the dominant language through ‘exhilaration and over-determination’, Beckett works through a process of willed poverty, a minimal sobriety of both style and substance that ‘exhausts’ conventional signification to a point where both character and narrative will-to-power are undermined, leaving only non-signifying intensities and deterritoralized flux. Like Kafka, Beckett kills off metaphor, symbolism and signification in order to unleash metamorphosis and movement for its own sake.
114. The isotherms of some ternary systems of metal perchlorates in aqueous solution at 30° (1934)

R. M. Caven and G. Bryce, J. Chem. Soc., 1934, 514 DOI: 10.1039/JR9340000514
Gastrin is a target of the β-catenin/TCF-4 growth-signaling pathway in a model of intestinal polyposis (2000)

Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene occur in most colorectal cancers and lead to activation of beta-catenin. Whereas several downstream targets of beta-catenin have been identified (c-myc, cyclin D1, PPARdelta), the precise functional significance of many of these targets has not been examined directly using genetic approaches. Previous studies have shown that the gene encoding the hormone gastrin is activated during colon cancer progression and the less-processed forms of gastrin are important colonic trophic factors. We show here that the gastrin gene is a downstream target of the beta-catenin/TCF-4 signaling pathway and that cotransfection of a constitutively active beta-catenin expression construct causes a threefold increase in gastrin promoter activity. APC(min-/+) mice overexpressing one of the alternatively processed forms of gastrin, glycine-extended gastrin, show a significant increase in polyp number. Gastrin-deficient APC(min-/+) mice, conversely, showed a marked decrease in polyp number and a significantly decreased polyp proliferation rate. Activation of gastrin by beta-catenin may therefore represent an early event in colorectal tumorigenesis and may contribute significantly toward neoplastic progression. The identification of gastrin as a functionally relevant downstream target of the beta-catenin signaling pathway provides a new target for therapeutic modalities in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Supramolecular Polymeric Materials via Cyclodextrin–Guest Interactions (2014)

CONSPECTUS: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have many attractive functions, including molecular recognition, hydrolysis, catalysis, and polymerization. One of the most important uses of CDs is for the molecular recognition of hydrophobic organic guest molecules in aqueous solutions. CDs are desirable host molecules because they are environmentally benign and offer diverse functions. This Account demonstrates some of the great advances in the development of supramolecular materials through host-guest interactions within the last 10 years. In 1990, we developed topological supramolecular complexes with CDs, polyrotaxane, and CD tubes, and these preparation methods take advantage of self-organization between the CDs and the polymers. The combination of polyrotaxane with αCD forms a hydrogel through the interaction of αCDs with the OH groups on poly(ethylene glycol). We categorized these polyrotaxane chemistries within main chain type complexes. At the same time, we studied the interactions of side chain type supramolecular complexes with CDs. In these systems the guest molecules modified the polymers and selectively formed inclusion complexes with CDs. The systems that used low molecular weight compounds did not show such selectivity with CDs. The multivalency available within the complex cooperatively enhances the selective binding of CD with guest molecules via the polymer side chains, a phenomenon that is analogous to binding patterns observed in antigen-antibody complexes. To incorporate the molecular recognition properties of CDs within the polymer side chains, we first prepared stimuli-responsive sol-gel switching materials through host-guest interactions. We chose azobenzene derivatives for their response to light and ferrocene derivatives for their response to redox conditions. The supramolecular materials were both redox-responsive and self-healing, and these properties resulted from host-guest interactions. These sol-gels with built in switches gave us insight for creating materials that were self-healing or could serve as artificial muscle. Furthermore, we developed another self-healing material with CD inclusion complexes that showed selective self-healing properties after its surface was cut. These CD self-healing materials do not include chemical cross-linkers; instead the inclusion complex of CDs with guest molecules stabilized the material's strength. However, by introducing chemical cross-linkers into the hydrogels, we produced materials that could expand and contract. The chemical cross-linked hydrogels with responsive groups bent in response to external stimuli, and the cross-linkers controlled the ratio of inclusion complexes. Furthermore, we used the molecular recognition of CDs to achieve macroscopic self-assemblies, and this chemistry can direct these macroscopic objects into even larger aggregated structures. As we have demonstrated, reversible host-guest interactions have tremendous potential for the creation of a wide variety of functional materials.
Permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, Chemically Bonded to Polysiloxane: a Chiral Stationary Phase with Wider Application Range for Enantiomer Separation by Capillary Gas Chromatography (1990)

Underivatized alkanediols and alkylcarboxylic acids, hydroxy(di)carboxylic acid methyl esters and cyanohydrins, as well as alkanes and derivatized amino acids : enantiomeric mixtures of all of these compound classes have been shown to be separable by gas chromatography on the new stationary phase permethylpolysiloxane permethylcyclodextrin 1. A column containing this material can be programmed for use up to 280 °C even though the substance is neither cross-linked nor chemically bonded to the glass surface. Separations described here were performed at temperatures between 100 and 200 °C.
Chiral Benzyl Centers through Asymmetric Catalysis. A Three-Step Synthesis of (R)-(−)-α-Curcumene via Asymmetric Hydrovinylation (2004)

[reaction: see text] A three-step, two-pot procedure involving asymmetric hydrovinylation followed by Suzuki-Miyaura reaction represents by far the shortest synthesis of this popular bisabolane. Other applications for the synthesis of similar compounds with chiral benzyl centers can be easily envisioned.
735. EIAV-IGF-I Gene Transfer to Motor Neurons Enhances Axonal Length In Vitro (2004)

Lentiviral vectors hold great promise for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and we have previously reported the development of a non-primate lentiviral vector system based on the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV, LentiVector®) which is able to efficiently transduce dividing and non-dividing cells both in vitro and in vivo (Azzouz et al., J Neurosci. 2002 22:10302–12). An application currently being developed uses the Lentivector for systemic delivery of an antibody fusion protein designed for the treatment of cancer. The therapeutic potential of a single chain antibody against the tumour associated antigen, 5T4, fused to immune enhancer moieties has been demonstrated, in vitro (Myers et al Cancer Gene Ther. 2002 9: 884–896) and here we evaluate the genetic delivery of a 5T4 scFv fused to B7.1 (scFvB7) in the Lentivector.
Linear Quadtrees from Vector Representations of Polygons (1985)

A new algorithm is presented which produces various forms of linear quadtrees directly from a vector representation of a polygon. This algorithm takes advantage of specific properties of linear quadtrees and associated linear keys to infer the colors of all parts of the region not cut by the polygon boundary. The method is further extended to multicolored (rather than binary) linear quadtrees which may be useful in geographic information systems applications.
Opportunistic relaying for low-altitude UAV swarm secure communications with multiple eavesdroppers (2018)

In this study, we investigate the secrecy outage performance achieved by opportunistic relaying for a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm secure communication system in the presence of multiple UAV-eavesdroppers. In the primary channel, multiple UAV-transmitters are connected to a ground station via the ground-to-air (G2A) wireless backhaul and a UAV-transmitter and UAV-relay are selected to transmit the source signal to a far ground destination under air-to-air and air-to-ground Nakagami-m fading links. In the eavesdropping channel, maximum ratio combining is applied across multiple UAV-eavesdroppers for intercepting the legitimate transmissions from both the selected UAV-transmitter and UAV-relay. The backhaul reliability and eavesdropping probability are introduced to reflect the practical constraints on the G2A wireless backhaul and UAV-eavesdropper cooperation, respectively. The closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived in terms of the UAV cooperation, backhaul reliability, eavesdropping probability, and Nakagami-m fading parameters. In the high signal-to-noise ratio region, the asymptotic secrecy outage probability is also derived. It is shown that the secrecy diversity gain achieved by opportunistic relaying is jointly determined by the UAV cooperation and shape factors of Nakagami-m fading links in the primary channel. The analytical secrecy outage metrics achieved by opportunistic relaying are verified by Monte Carlo simulation results.
C242 Development of Novel Miniaturized Optical Viscometer Based on Laser-induced Capillary Wave Method : First Report: Observation of The High Speed Damping Oscillation Behavior of Liquid Sample Surface in Micro Region (2007)

In the present study, we have developed a new miniaturized optical viscometer, namely MOVS (Micro Optical Viscosity Sensor), which is applicable to the noninvasive, high speed, small sample volume, in situ and in vivo measurement of a liquid sample based on laser-induced capillary wave (LiCW) technique in both medical and industrial fields. In this paper, the fabrication of prototype MOVS chip for the first time and the discussion of the validity of the viscosity measurement were reported. Preliminary measurement using distilled water and sulfuric acid were demonstrated, and nanosecond order high speed damping oscillation signals were successfully observed.
A proteomic strategy for the identification of caspase-associating proteins (2004)

We report the efficient in vivo labelling of caspases expressed inside apoptotic HeLa cells using fluoromethyl ketone (fmk)-containing probes; preliminary results indicated that these probes may be used to identify caspase-associating proteins.