gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Release of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 from human monocytes by antithymocyte globulin: requirement for de novo synthesis (1992)

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is an effective treatment in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Its mechanism of action remains unclear, although it has been assumed to be immunosuppressive. However, ATG has also been shown by several laboratories to be immunostimulatory. Recently, interleukin-1 (IL-1) production has been found to be decreased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood monocytes obtained from SAA patients. We have investigated the ability of ATG to function as an immunostimulatory agent via the production of IL-1 and IL-6 by normal human monocytes in vitro. Supernatants from ATG-stimulated monocytes were assayed for biologically active and immunoreactive IL-1 and IL-6. We have found that ATG, via its F(ab')2 fragment is a powerful inducer of IL-1 and IL-6 production. Furthermore, ATG induction of both cytokines from normal monocytes required de novo synthesis, as determined by 35S-methionine incorporation. Because these two cytokines synergize with other cytokines at both the stem cell and progenitor levels, these stimulatory properties of ATG may be relevant to the treatment of SAA. This would favor the hypothesis of a bimodal mechanism for ATG as an inducer of hematopoietic growth factors and as an immunosuppressive agent.
The Microclimate Chamber (1983)

The healing rate of small experimental burns continuously treated topically with 96% O2 and 75% relative humidity was followed for 25 days. Serial image photographic magnifications (tenfold throughout) of the wounds enabled precise measurements of their size by means of a polar planimeter. Healing rate was expressed as decreased percentile of wound size on a given day compared to the initial area. The mean percentages of healing +/- SEM of the humidified O2 treated wounds on postburn days 6, 11, and 16 were 31.25 +/- 6.15, 82.09 +/- 3.52, and 98.29 +/- 1.46, respectively, and those for the control wounds were 7.08 +/- 2.20, 47.68 +/- 3.39, and 84.41 +/- 1.38, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences in the healing rate between O2-humidity-treated and control wounds (p less than 0.005). The results indicate that topical treatment with 96% O2 and 75% relative humidity improved healing of experimental burns in guinea pigs.
Breath Alcohol Analysis and the Blood: Breath Ratio (1975)

The history of breath alcohol analysis and of the concept of a blood: breath ratio is briefly reviewed and it is suggested that the ratio is always lower and more variable than predicted by accepted theory. Using gas liquid chromatography for both breath and blood it has been shown that the blood: breath ratio falls during expiration and only reaches its presently accepted value of 2100: 1, predicted from in vitro studies, after prolonged rebreathing. It is suggested that this is due to alcohol being absorbed from the breath during expiration by the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, to replace that lost during inspiration. Proposals are made for further studies and for modifications in present breath sampling procedures which could make breath analysis an acceptable substitute for blood analysis in all except marginal cases.
Developmental Patterns of Selected Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Young Turkeys (1991)

Developing embryos and hatchling poults were sampled (n = 4) at Days 22, 24, 26, and 28 of incubation and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after hatching, and selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were measured. Body weight increased linearly up to day of hatching and also from 2 to 8 days posthatching. Residual yolk weight decreased rapidly starting on Day 26 of incubation and was nearly depleted by 4 days posthatching. Changes in weight of segments of the GIT nearly paralleled the increase in body weight until day of hatching. Thereafter, weights of the proventriculus, small intestine, and pancreas increased more rapidly than body weight until 6 days after hatching. At this time, change in weight of small intestine and pancreas seemed to parallel that of body weight, whereas proventriculus weight continued to increase more rapidly. Gizzard weight, as a percentage of body weight, increased until Day 4 posthatching and then remained relatively constant through 8 days. Specific activities (SA) of pancreatic amylase, lipase, and trypsin were low until after hatching. Subsequently, amylase SA increased nearly threefold by Day 6. Lipase SA remained nearly constant between Days 1 and 8, and trypsin SA increased only slightly. Total activities of pancreatic enzymes, however, increased substantially after hatching, mainly because of increased pancreas weight. Jejunal maltase SA was high at hatching but decreased markedly by Day 4. This decrease in SA resulted in a notable reduction in total maltase activity of the jejunum despite an increase in jejunum weight.
Generation of IL-2 Dependent Bovine Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clones Reactive Against BHV-1 Infected Target Cells: Loss of Genetic Restriction and Virus Specificity (1987)

To gain insight into the mechanisms of immunity to bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) in particular the importance of the T-cell response, we attempted to clone bovine cytotoxic T lymphocytes that were specific for BHV-1 infected autologous target cells. A number of bovine T cell clones were generated by limiting dilution in the presence of bovine recombinant IL-2 and BHV-1 infected target cells as feeder layers. These clones were maintained in culture on crude IL-2 containing supernatants. In functional studies, 4 of the 16 T cell clones were shown to have high levels of cytotoxic activity specific for autolgous BHV-1 infected target cells with significantly lower cytotoxic activity against uninfected target cells and heterologous BHV-1 infected target cells. Continuous culturing of these 4 T cell clones, using either the crude IL-2 or high concentrations of recombinant bovine IL-2, resulted in the loss of both MHC restricted and BHV-1 specific cytotoxic activity. These clones now exhibit promiscuous type cytotoxic activity with the ability to lyse a variety of target cells. Using flow cytometric analysis, the phenotype of the T cell clones were shown to have bovine T lymphocyte characteristics including expression of the BoT8 marker. This is the first report of cloned bovine cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive against BHV-1 and the generation from these clones of promiscuous cytotoxic activity against both virus-infected and non-infected bovine target cells.
Correlation of interleukin-2 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor with clinical activity of multiple sclerosis. (1993)

Concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in serum and CSF samples were measured in 63 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to evaluate their usefulness as markers of disease activity. CSF concentrations of IL-2 and sIL-2R were significantly higher in MS relapse compared with MS patients in remission or with control subjects. These concentrations correlated with the clinical score by which disease severity was assessed, with the number of relapses per year, and with the total disease duration. Furthermore, there was evidence of intrathecal release of IL-2 and sIL-2R in clinically active MS. The results extend the notion that an activated cellular immune state parallels the evolution of the pathological process in MS and suggest that measurement of IL-2 and sIL-2R concentrations may provide an objective marker of disease activity in patients with MS.
Self-configuration scheme to alleviate interference among APs in IEEE 802.11 WLAN (2012)

Wireless local area network (WLAN) is the one of the technologies which enable mobile users to connect to local area network through a wireless radio connection in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Since WLAN can support high data rate communications with low-cost, the use of WLAN is rapidly increasing. However, in congested region, such as shopping mall, airport, and so on, where a lot of WLAN access points (AP) becomes collocated, indiscriminate installation of APs causes high signal interference and heavy contention in overlapping region among APs. In order to solve these problems, we propose self-configurable cooperative RRM (CRRM) scheme for WLAN. The proposed CRRM scheme effectively reduces the overlapping regions by cooperatively coordinating channel assignments and adjusting transmission power of neighboring APs. From simulations for various scenarios, we verify that the proposed scheme can help to mitigate interference and reduce the contention between neighboring APs.
Interfacial Transduction of Nucleic Acid Hybridization Using Immobilized Quantum Dots as Donors in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (2008)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using immobilized quantum dots (QDs) as energy donors was explored as a transduction method for the detection of nucleic acid hybridization at an interface. This research was motivated by the success of the QD-FRET-based transduction of nucleic acid hybridization in solution-phase assays. This new work represents a fundamental step toward the assembly of a biosensor, where immobilization of the selective chemistry on a surface is desired. After immobilizing QD-probe oligonucleotide conjugates on optical fibers, a demonstration of the retention of selectivity was achieved by the introduction of acceptor (Cy3)-labeled single-stranded target oligonucleotides. Hybridization generated the proximity required for FRET, and the resulting fluorescence spectra provided an analytical signal proportional to the amount of target. This research provides an important framework for the future development of nucleic acid biosensors based on QDs and FRET. The most important findings of this work are that (1) a QD-FRET solid-phase hybridization assay is viable and (2) a passivating layer of denatured bovine serum albumin alleviates nonspecific adsorption, ultimately resulting in (3) the potential for a reusable assay format and mismatch discrimination. In this, the first incarnation of a solid-phase QD-FRET hybridization assay, the limit of detection was found to be 5 nM, and the dynamic range was almost 2 orders of magnitude. Selective discrimination of the target was shown using a three-base-pairs mismatch from a fully complementary sequence. Despite a gradual loss of signal, reuse of the optical fibers over multiple cycles of hybridization and dehybridization was possible. Directions for further improvement of the analytical performance by optimizing the design of the QD-probe oligonucleotide interface are identified.
CsF in Organic Synthesis. Tuning of N- or O-Alkylation of 2-Pyridone (1995)

The alkylation of 2-pyridone is effected under mild conditions by CsF: benzyl or allyl chlorides selectively furnishes the N-alkylation product while selective O-alkylation occurs with secondary alkyl iodides.
Genital Lentigines in a 6-Year-Old Boy with a Family History of Cowden's Disease: Clinical and Genetic Evidence of the Linkage Between Bannayan-Riley-Ruvacalba Syndrome and Cowden's Disease (2001)

This report provides clinical evidence that both BRR and CD are closely related and confirms the PTEN gene mutation in BRR and CD patients segregating in the same family, thus confirming the genetic linkage between the two genodermatoses.
A chromatographic preparation of ox growth hormone (1966)

1. A method is described for the chromatographic preparation of ox growth hormone. It involves chromatography of an extract of anterior pituitary lobes on DEAE-cellulose, followed by rechromatography on a dextran gel of low cross-linkage (Sephadex G-100). 2. The product is highly active in growth-hormone assays, and is obtained in good yield. It was homogeneous by several criteria, but showed some heterogeneity on starch-gel electrophoresis. 3. The molecular weight of the hormone was estimated from its behaviour on gel-filtration columns under various conditions. Evidence that the hormone may dissociate into sub-units under some conditions is presented.
Stereotactic radiosurgery as a treatment for recurrent ventricular tachycardia associated with cardiac fibroma (2018)

Key Teaching Points•Cardiac fibromas are relatively frequently associated with ventricular tachycardias, often of multiple morphologies.•Management of ventricular arrhythmias in unresectable fibromas could be challenging and various strategies may be employed.•Stereotactic radiosurgery could be considered in case of failure of conventional approaches such as catheter or surgical ablation. •Cardiac fibromas are relatively frequently associated with ventricular tachycardias, often of multiple morphologies.•Management of ventricular arrhythmias in unresectable fibromas could be challenging and various strategies may be employed.•Stereotactic radiosurgery could be considered in case of failure of conventional approaches such as catheter or surgical ablation.
Phonological Working Memory and Speech Production in Preschool Children (1995)

This study investigates whether phonological working memory is associated with spoken language development in preschool children. Assessments were made of speech corpora taken from 3-year old children grouped in terms of their phonological memory abilities. Both quantitative and qualitative indices of the children's spontaneous speech output were taken in a structured play session. Significant differences were found, with children of good phonological memory abilities producing language that was more grammatically complex, contained a richer array of words, and included longer utterances than children of poor phonological memory abilities. The possible mechanisms by which phonological working memory skills are linked to the production of speech are considered.
Opiate Receptor: Multiple Effects of Metal Ions (1982)

Abstract: The opiate antagonist [ 3 H]diprenorphine ([ 3 H]dip), a universal ligand at the μ, δ, and k opiate receptor subtypes, was used to study the effects of Ca‐II, Cu‐II, Mg‐II, Mn‐II, and Na + on the rat cerebral opiate receptor. Two categories of effects were observed: (a) those on the binding rate constants and (b) those on binding capacity. (a) Sodium ions increased on‐ and off‐rates on [ 3 H]dip with a rather small net change in receptor affinity. The effects of Na + and the divalent ions Ca‐II, Mg‐II, and Mn‐II were antagonistic to each other. Ca‐II, Mg‐II, and the more effective Mn‐II decreased receptor association and dissociation rates, again with minimal changes in the overall binding affinity in washed membrane homogenates. Previous studies using equilibrium binding analysis alone failed to detect changes in [ 3 H]dip binding kinetics caused by these metal ions. In untreated rat brain homogenates, however, Ca‐II (and to a lesser extent Mg‐II) decreased [ 3 H]dip binding, an effect distinct from that on the binding rate constants in washed membrane homogenates. (b) In untreated, Tris‐buffer homogenates not containing external metal ions, a gradual decline in [ 3 H]dip binding was observed. Cu‐II or an equivalent endogenous divalent metal ion was identified as a causative factor, and Mn‐II partially reversed this effect. Moreover, the addition of Mn‐II stabilized the [ 3 H]dip binding sites at very low concentrations of the metal (n M to μ M range) that did not change the binding rate constants and that were in the physiological range of Mn‐II in rat brain. This unique effect of Mn‐II may represent a physiological function in the regulation of the opiate receptor that is not shared by Mg‐II and Ca‐II. The opposite effects of Cu‐II and Mn‐II on the in vitro receptor stability may be related to their opposite pharmacological effect in vivo . Finally, multiple changes of the effects of the tested metal ions on [ 3 H]dip binding were observed during in vitro membrane homogenate dilution, centrifugation, and washing. These changes indicate that the opiate receptor complex as it exists in vivo may lose some of its functions and control mechanisms in vitro .
Diabetic foot ulcer case analysis by a clinical pharmacist (2018)

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are common among diabetes patients that have a long term impact on the morbidity, mortality and quality of patients lives. The patient was a 63 year old retired teacher with a long term history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and hypertension. He was admitted with the complaints of burning sensation and unbearable pricking pain on both the feet after a pilgrimage trip by walking. On examination, the patient was found febrile at 39.10°C, anxious and restless. His pulse rate was 110/minute and Blood Pressure (BP) was 190/100 mm Hg and his sugar levels were found high, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level 170 mg/dl, Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) level 320 mg/dl and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbAlc) level 9.5%. He had elevated lipid profile of Cholesterol 260 mg/dl, Triglyceride (TGL) 180 mg/dl, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 190 mg/dl, and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) 25 mg/dl. Local examination of his right foot revealed gangrene of the sole as well as 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes later developed flap necrosis and progressive gangrene spread over the sole of the right foot. Patient was diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcer involving right foot and a course of broad spectrum antibiotics were started. The patient was advised to do aerobic exercises for his upper limbs, to consume diabetic diet and to take oral hypoglycemic agents regularly. Clinical pharmacist can perform a vital role in diabetic patients with foot ulcers by revising the antibiotics in accordance with guidelines, monitoring side effects and proving counseling on prevention and management. In this case apart from usual roles, the clinical pharmacist performed risk assessment, provided detailed patient counseling and monitored patient for about six months to record the short-term positive health outcomes. The aim of this case presentation is to serve as a model in bringing up awareness on effective role of clinical pharmacist in DFU management and prevention
Spike Firing in the Lateral Cerebellar Cortex Correlated With Movement and Motor Parameters Irrespective of the Effector Limb (2004)

Neuronal signals in the lateral aspect of the macaque cerebellar cortex were studied during a visually guided reaching task. During the performance of this task, the firing rate of most neurons was significantly modulated when reaching with either the ipsilateral or the contralateral arm. In some of these reach-modulated cells, we found that spike firing was correlated with the direction and speed of the reach. These correlations with motor parameters were present during reaching with either the ipsilateral or the contralateral arm. Based on these observations we suggest that spike firing in the lateral cerebellum was correlated with movement and motor parameters irrespective of the effector limb.
Disparity thresholds Dmin and Dmax both depend on interocular contrast difference (2016)

Previous studies have shown that the disparity threshold Dmin depends on the interocular contrast ratio. Dmin is lowest (best), when the interocular contrast ratio is 1. However, little is known about the dependence of Dmax on the interocular contrast ratio. In this study, we measured both Dmin and Dmax using random-Gabor-patch stereograms, in which, Gabor patches had random positions and phases, but with a fixed spatial frequency (3 cpd). The two eyes had two identical arrays of patches except that one eye's array could be shifted horizontally, and they could differ in contrast. We found that, for both Dmin and Dmax, performance was best when the two eyes had equal contrast, and declined when the contrast was reduced in either or both eyes. Ironically, reducing the contrast in one eye resulted in worse performance than reducing it in both eyes, consistent with previous studies on Dmin (Legge & Gu 1989; Hou et al 2011). We tested two models: (1) Energy model: the disparity energy is proportional to the product of the two eyes' contrast, and is then normalized (divided) by monocular contrast energy; (2) Double gain-control model (Ding & Sperling 2006): the contrasts in the two eyes are first mutually suppressed by each other (double layered), and then multiplied to compute disparity energy. Both models assume that the disparity energy is a function of disparity, the product of disparity power and exponential decay functions, which increases with stimulus disparity at small disparities but decreases at large disparities. Both models predict Dmin equally well (reduced-chi-square less than 1.5); however, the gain-control model performs much better (reduced-chi-square less than 2.5) than the energy model (reduced-chi-square greater than 5.5) for Dmax. Further work is needed to determine whether Dmin and Dmax share a similar network. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
Abdominopelvic Compression for Obstetric Hemorrhage in Resource-Limited Locations [04C] (2020)

INTRODUCTION: This quality improvement project evaluated obstetric hemorrhage patient outcomes following adoption of low cost simple pneumatic circumferential abdominopelvic compression devices. METHODS: Two resource-limited locations added low cost inflatable compression devices to their standard protocols for obstetric hemorrhage. Providers in small medical facilities in rural Nepal and Papua New Guinea used devices that incorporated either a bicycle tube or soccer ball to provide abdominopelvic pressure after all available routine treatments had failed. Data collected included obstetric event, etiology of bleeding, need for surgery, transfusion, transport, length of transports, maternal survival and complications. RESULTS: The device was used a total of 106 times: the soccer ball “Ball and Binder” device was used thirty-eight times; the prototype bicycle tube device was used sixty-eight times. Devices were used primarily after vaginal birth with atony, but also for obstetrical lacerations, miscarriages and post-abortion bleeding. In all cases the bleeding stopped promptly after inflation of the device. All 106 women survived, none required hysterectomy or abdominal surgery, and no complications were reported from device use. Only fifteen patients were transported to a referral hospital, primarily for blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: Obstetric hemorrhage was controlled after an abdominopelvic circumferential pressure device was applied after usual care had failed. This device provided an additional method for treatment in resource-limited settings with limitations in surgical, transfusion and transport capability.
Measurement Based Evaluation and Mitigation of Flood Attacks on a LAN Test-Bed (2023)

The IoT is vulnerable to network attacks, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide high attack detection accuracy and are easily installed in IoT Servers. However, IDS are seldom evaluated in operational conditions which are seriously impaired by attack overload. Thus a Local Area Network testbed is used to evaluate the impact of UDP Flood Attacks on an IoT Server, whose first line of defence is an accurate IDS. We show that attacks overload the multi-core Server and paralyze its IDS. Thus a mitigation scheme that detects attacks rapidly, and drops packets within milli-seconds after the attack begins, is proposed and experimentally evaluated.