gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In silico analyses of protein glycosylating genes in the helminth Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) predict protein-linked glycan simplicity and reveal temporally-dynamic expression profiles (2018)

Glycoproteins secreted by helminth parasites are immunogenic and represent appealing components of vaccine preparations. Our poor knowledge of the pathways that mediate protein glycosylation in parasitic flatworms hinders our understanding of how proteins are synthesised and modified, and our ability to target these pathways for parasite control. Here we provide the first detailed description of genes associated with protein glycosylation in a parasitic flatworm, focusing on the genome of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), which is a globally important trematode parasite of humans and their livestock. Using 190 human sequences as search queries against currently available F. hepatica genomes, we identified 149 orthologues with putative roles in sugar uptake or nucleotide sugar synthesis, and an array of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities required for protein N- and O-glycosylation. We found appreciable duplication within these orthologues, describing just 87 non-redundant genes when paralogues were excluded. F. hepatica lacks many of the enzymes required to produce complex N- and O-linked glycans, which explains the genomic basis for the structurally simple glycans described by F. hepatica glycomic datasets, and predicts pervasive structural simplicity in the wider glycome. These data provide a foundation for functional genomic interrogation of these pathways with the view towards novel parasite intervention strategies.
Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of Discrete Fock States of a Nanomechanical Resonator (2006)

We study theoretically a radio frequency superconducting interference device integrated with both a nanomechanical resonator and an LC one. By applying adiabatic and rotating wave approximations, we obtain an effective Hamiltonian that governs the dynamics of the mechanical and LC resonators. Nonlinear terms in this Hamiltonian can be exploited for performing a quantum nondemolition measurement of Fock states of the nanomechanical resonator. We address the feasibility of experimental implementation and show that the nonlinear coupling can be made sufficiently strong to allow the detection of discrete mechanical Fock states.
Role of Academics in Transferring Knowledge and Skills on Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and Edge Computing (2022)

Universities play an essential role in preparing human resources for the industry of the future. By providing the proper knowledge, they can ensure that graduates will be able to adapt to the ever-changing industrial sector. However, to achieve this, the courses provided by academia must cover the current and future industrial needs by considering the trends in scientific research and emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Edge Computing (EC). This work presents the survey results conducted among academics to assess the current state of university courses, regarding the level of knowledge and skills provided to students about the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and Edge Computing. The novelty of the work is that (a) the research was carried out in several European countries, (b) the current curricula of universities from different countries were analyzed, and (c) the results present the teachers' perspective. To conduct the research, the analysis of the relevant literature took place initially to explore the issues of the presented subject, which will increasingly concern the industry in the near future. Based on the literature review results and analysis of the universities' curricula involved in this study, a questionnaire was prepared and shared with academics. The outcomes of the analysis reveal the areas that require more attention from scholars and possibly modernization of curricula.
Short note on the hydrolysis and complexation of neptunium(IV) in HEPES solution (2013)

Abstract The speciation of actinides in environmental or biological media is often difficult to assess because it involves complex media. We would like to report here on the properties of Np(IV) cation in the well known biological HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) buffer medium. HEPES has been targeted because the possibility to use this biological buffer in actinide toxicological studies presents several advantages although the possible effects of concentrated HEPES medium on the hydrolysis of the actinides (in particular at oxidation state +IV) has not been studied yet. A combination of spectrophotometric and EXAFS measurements at the Np L III edge shows that stable hydrolyzed neptunium(IV) clusters are obtained between pH 2.5 and 4. In a second step, in order to better understand the reactivity of these hydrolysis species formed in HEPES, the effect of a strong chelating ligands such as the hydroxamic acid (HA) or desferrioxamine (DFO) siderophores has been also investigated using spectrophotometry and EXAFS. Upon addition of HA or DFO, the hydrolyzed clusters of Np(IV) are unstable and monomeric complexes are formed and yield Np environments that are very similar to that of crystallized Pu-DFOE complex [Al(H 2 O) 6 ][Pu(DFE)(H 2 O) 3 ] 2 (CF 3 SO 3 ) 5·10 H 2 O reported in the literature.
Water in Supercritical CO2 Microemulsion Formation by Fluorinated Surfactants (2003)

Abstract We examined the ability for microemulsion formation of fluorinated surfactants containing perfluoropolyether moieties for the CO2-philic tail group and carboxylic acid ammonium or poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether for the hydrophilic groups and found that the hydrophilic CO2-philic balance of surfactants plays an important role in the formation of microemulsions.
Aortic Calcifications and Their Relationship to Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes and in Nondiabetic Subjects (1987)

The prevalence of radiologically detectable aortic calcifications, the cross-sectional area of the aortic arch, pulse wave velocity and cardiovascular risk factors were examined in 133 newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients aged 45-64 years and in 144 randomly selected control subjects of the same age. In addition, the relationship between aortic calcifications and coronary heart disease was examined. Diabetic men tended to have more frequently calcifications in the abdominal aorta than nondiabetic men, whereas such a difference was not found between diabetic and nondiabetic women. No difference was observed between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects in the prevalence of calcifications of the aortic arch. Among cardiovascular risk factors, smoking was associated with calcifications of the abdominal aorta in diabetic and nondiabetic men. Ischemic ECG abnormalities at rest showed a statistically significant association with the presence of abdominal aortic calcifications in diabetic men. The cross-sectional area of the aortic arch increased with age in both in diabetic and in nondiabetic subjects and was larger in diabetic than in nondiabetic men. Diabetes did not show any significant effect on pulse wave velocity. An increased frequency of calcifications of the abdominal aorta and a dilatation of the aortic arch in newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent men as compared with nondiabetic men is compatible with the view that an accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions of large arteries starts already in an early, asymptomatic phase of this type of diabetes.
Cationic activation of galactosyltransferase from rat mammary Golgi membranes by polyamines and by basic peptides and proteins (1986)

Galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22) requires bivalent metal ions for its activity. However, preparations of this enzyme solubilized from Golgi membranes of lactating rat mammary gland were shown to be activated not only by Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, but also by spermine, spermidine, lysyl-lysine, ethylenediamine and other diaminoalkanes, and by a range of basic proteins and peptides, including clupeine, histone, polylysine, ribonuclease, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, cytochrome c, melittin, avidin and myelin basic protein. Both N-acetyl-lactosamine synthetase and lactose synthetase activities were enhanced. A basic protein fraction was isolated from bovine milk and shown to activate galactosyltransferase at low concentrations. The polyanions ATP, casein, chondroitin sulphate and heparin reversed the activation of galactosyltransferase by several of the above substances. Galactosyltransferase, assayed as a lactose synthetase, showed a 10-fold greater affinity for glucose when Mn2+ ions were replaced by clupeine or by ribonuclease as cationic activator. Evidence was obtained for the presence of an endogenous cationic activator in solubilized Golgi membrane preparations which evoked a similar low apparent Km,glucose. The findings are discussed in the light of cationic activations of glycosyltransferases generally, of the porous nature of the Golgi membrane, and of the unlikelihood of bivalent metal ions being the physiological activators of galactosyltransferase. It is suggested that the natural cationic activator of lactose synthetase may be a secretory protein acting in a manner analogous to the enzyme's activation by alpha-lactalbumin. A scheme is proposed for the two-stage synthesis of lactose and phosphorylation of casein within the cell, to accommodate the apparent incompatibility of these two processes.
Fatigue Life Law Based on Inelastic Strain Energy Density of Solder Alloys and its Simple Prediction Method (2020)

Abstract In recent years, a fatigue life law based on inelastic strain energy density as proposed by Morrow has been applied to solder materials. In this study, the effectiveness of the fatigue life law based on inelastic strain energy density was compared with the conventional law based on inelastic strain range. First, the fatigue properties of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy were investigated by a torsional fatigue test with strain control. It was found that the stress–strain hysteresis loop arising from inelastic deformation occurred even under a low strain load with a fatigue life of about 1 million cycles. Therefore, as an extension of the low-cycle fatigue test, evaluation was performed using inelastic strain range and inelastic strain energy density. Experimental results show that when fatigue life was evaluated using inelastic strain energy density, a single power law was found over a wide range from the low-cycle region to the high-cycle region, and the validity of the fatigue life law based on inelastic strain energy density was confirmed. Next, a simple prediction method for the fatigue life law based on inelastic strain energy density was examined, taking the physical background into account. Two material constants of the fatigue life law based on the inelastic strain energy density were estimated from the stress–strain curve for a monotonic load and shown to be close to the actual fatigue test results.
Planar terminations in 4H-SiC Schottky diodes with low leakage and high yields (2002)

Various planar termination techniques were analyzed that extend the maximum blocking voltage in SIC devices while giving low leakage currents and high yields. Among various techniques analyzed, it was found that: guard ring termination is more effective than unterminated; field plate termination is more effective than guard ring termination; and field plate, double implanted field rings, single and double trench rings are similar in their effectiveness in the 500-800 V range. Single implanted field rings gave the highest average breakdown voltage as well as the highest voltage (805 V) device. While the yield among all devices was 22%, the yield among the ones with only a single implanted floating field ring was 67%.
Theranostic quantum dots for crossing blood–brain barrier in vitro and providing therapy of HIV-associated encephalopathy (2013)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex physiological checkpoint that restricts the free diffusion of circulating molecules from the blood into the central nervous system. Delivering of drugs and other active agents across the BBB is one of the major technical challenges faced by scientists and medical practitioners. Therefore, development of novel methodologies to address this challenge holds the key for both the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, such as HIV-associated encephalopathy. Bioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) are excellent fluorescent probes and nano-vectors, being designed to transverse across the BBB and visualize drug delivery inside the brain. This paper discusses the use of functionalized QDs for crossing the blood-brain barrier and treating brain disease. We highlight the guidelines for using in vitro BBB models for brain disease studies. The theranostic QDs offers a strategy to significantly improve the effective dosages of drugs to transverse across the BBB and orientate to the targets inside the brain.
Interplay of internal stresses, electric stresses, and surface diffusion in polymer films (2011)

We investigate two destabilization mechanisms for elastic polymer films and put them into a general framework: first, instabilities due to in-plane stress and, second, due to an externally applied electric field normal to the film's free surface. As shown recently, polymer films are often stressed due to out-of-equilibrium fabrication processes such as, e.g., spin coating. Via an Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld mechanism as known from solids, the system can decrease its energy by undulating its surface by surface diffusion of polymers and thereby relaxing stresses. On the other hand, application of an electric field is widely used experimentally to structure thin films; when the electric Maxwell surface stress overcomes surface tension and elastic restoring forces, the system undulates with a wavelength determined by the film thickness. We develop a theory taking into account both mechanisms simultaneously and discuss their interplay and the effects of the boundary conditions both at the substrate and at the free surface.
Elucidating Mechanisms of Tolerance to Salmonella Typhimurium across Long-Term Infections Using the Collaborative Cross (2022)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance and tolerance to pathogen infection may present the opportunity to develop novel interventions. Resistance is the absence of clinical disease with a low pathogen burden, while tolerance is minimal clinical disease with a high pathogen burden. <i>Salmonella</i> is a worldwide health concern. We studied 18 strains of collaborative cross mice that survive acute <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (STm) infections. We infected these strains orally and monitored them for 3 weeks. Five strains cleared STm (resistant), six strains maintained a bacterial load and survived (tolerant), while seven strains survived >7 days but succumbed to infection within the study period and were called "delayed susceptible." Tolerant strains were colonized in the Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver, while resistant strains had significantly reduced bacterial colonization. Tolerant strains had lower preinfection core body temperatures and had disrupted circadian patterns of body temperature postinfection sooner than other strains. Tolerant strains had higher circulating total white blood cells than resistant strains, driven by increased numbers of neutrophils. Tolerant strains had more severe tissue damage and higher circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), but lower levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78 (ENA-78) than resistant strains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed one significant association and six suggestive associations. Gene expression analysis identified 22 genes that are differentially regulated in tolerant versus resistant animals that overlapped these QTLs. Fibrinogen genes (<i>Fga</i>, <i>Fgb</i>, and <i>Fgg</i>) were found across the QTL, RNA, and top canonical pathways, making them the best candidate genes for differentiating tolerance and resistance. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> To survive a bacterial infection, an infected host can display resistance or tolerance. Resistance is indicated by a decrease in pathogen load, while for tolerance a high pathogen load is accompanied by minimal disease. We infected genetically diverse mice with <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium for 21 days and discovered new phenotypes for disease outcome (delayed susceptible, tolerant, and resistant). Tolerant strains showed the lowest preinfection core body temperatures and the most rapid disruption in circadian patterns of body temperature postinfection. Tolerant strains had higher circulating neutrophils and higher circulating levels of MCP-1 and IFN-γ, but lower levels of ENA-78 than did resistant strains, in addition to more severe tissue damage. QTL analysis revealed multiple associated regions, and gene expression analysis identified 22 genes that are differentially regulated in tolerant versus resistant animals in these regions. Fibrinogen genes (<i>Fga</i>, <i>Fgb</i>, and <i>Fgg</i>) were found across the QTL, RNA, and the top canonical pathways, suggesting a role in tolerance.
A Three Dimensional Model of the Gas Cell Atomic Frequency Standard (1987)

Initial calculations from a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the gas cell atomic frequency standard are discussed. In particular a recent suggestion that the short term stability of a gas cell standard might be improved by varying the microwave power has been consid- ered. Though the results support the general conclusion, they show that the degree of sensitivity is less than that predicted by a one-di- mensional (l-D) gas cell frequency standard model. This difference in predicted sensitivity is a manifestation of the three dimensional mod- el's more accurate treatment of the clock cavity microwave field dis- tribution. The more accurate treatment is highlighted by the three- dimensional model's determination of isoefficiency contours (contours showing spatial regions in the clock cavity that have equal efficiency for producing clock signal), and noting their spatial dependence upon microwave power.
Trends in the Catalytic Activity of Hydrogen Evolution during CO2 Electroreduction on Transition Metals (2018)

During CO2 electroreduction (CO2R), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a competing reaction. We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the HER activity of transition metals under CO2R conditions. Experimental HER polarization curves were measured for six polycrystalline metal surfaces (Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Pt, and Fe) in the presence of CO2 gas. We found that the HER activity of the transition metals is significantly shifted, relative to the CO2-free case. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this shift arises from adsorbate–adsorbate interactions between *CO and *H on intermediate and strong binding metals, which weakens the *H binding energy. Using a simple model for the effect of *CO on the *H binding energy, we construct an activity volcano for HER in the presence of CO2 gas that is consistent with experimental trends. The significant changes in HER activity in the presence of CO2 gas is an important consideration in catalyst design and could help develop catalysts that are more selective for CO2R than the HER.
Smart drug delivery using electrospun hollow nanofibers (2010)

This paper report on a novel nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) technology - nanoscale coaxial soft smart system (nCS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) that enables radial displacements of a multi-layered coaxial hollow fiber (CHF) and controlled modulations of a nanofluidic flow patterns inside the CHF responding to changes in local environments. The nCS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> has a unique nanostructure that consists of a liquid core and multiple layers of polymer and stimuli-responsive hydrogel. Smart and controlled release of drug molecules is realized using the nCS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
A study of refinable function vectors via a nonlinear operator (2002)

This paper studies a certain nonlinear operator T from L/sup 2/(R,C/sup N/) to itself under which every refinable function vector is a fixed point. The iterations T/sup n/f of T on any f/spl isin/L/sup 2/(R,C/sup N/) with the Riesz basis property are investigated; they turn out to be the "cascade algorithm" iterates of f with weights depending on f only. The paper also gives conditions for convergence of T/sup m/f to a limit in different topologies.
On a general fluid dynamical theory of discrete unstable spiral modes in disk-shaped galaxies (1983)

Abstract A general fluid dynamical theory of discrete unstable spiral modes in disk-shaped galaxies is described. This formulation of modes includes a radiation boundary condition and an exact numerical treatment of the Poisson equation. Thus, the modes are maintained by an outward transport of angular momentum, but they may be composed of both leading and trailing waves. A numerical scheme based on this formulation is described, and examples of modes obtained with this scheme are presented. These examples compare favorably with calculations based on the original asymptotic theory of Bertin, Lau, Lin and Mark. The implications of the present formulation of modes in galactic models support the hypothesis of a quasi-stationary spiral structure.
Real-time shape measurement system including CG output (2004)

Shape and deformation measurement by moiré topography or interferometry are introduced. By using the integrated phase shifting method proposed by the authors, shape measurements of various objects such as a hand with cell phone and a human face are performed in real-time. The integrated phase-shifting method can analyze the phase information of a projected grating on the object or an interferometric fringe pattern. The phase analysis provides the accurate shape of the object. The object is recorded by an NTSC-TV-CCD camera at 30 frames/second. The analyzed shape or flatness distribution is simultaneously displayed as a moving image of computer graphics. The analyzed shape is observed from any direction directed by a computer mouse in real-time.