gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Factors Influencing Pancreatic Cancer Management to Inform Quality Improvement Efforts and Future Research (2016)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) patients appear to receive suboptimal care. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors that influence PC management which are amenable to quality improvement. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the references of eligible studies were searched from 1996 to July 2014. Two authors independently selected and reviewed eligible studies. Identified factors were mapped onto a framework of determinants of care delivery and outcomes. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Downs and Black criteria. Most of the 33 eligible studies were population-based observational studies conducted in the United States. Patient (age, socioeconomic status, race) and institutional (case volume, academic status) factors influence care delivery and outcomes (complications, mortality, readmission, survival). Two studies implemented interventions to improve quality of care (centralization to high-volume hospitals, multidisciplinary care). One study examined system determinants (referral wait times). No studies examined the influence of guideline or provider characteristics. The overall lack of health services research in PC is striking. Factors and interventions identified here can be used to plan PC quality improvement programs. Further research is needed to explore the influence of guideline and provider factors on PC management and evaluate the impact of quality improvement interventions.
Force Reconstruction Using the Inverse of the Mode-Shape Matrix (1991)

Abstract A new technique for force reconstruction is developed. To estimate the externally applied force, this technique sums the weight-scaled acceleration signals, and is referred to as the Sum of Weighted Accelerations Technique (SWAT). To obtain the scalar weights the inverse of the mode shape matrix is used. Application of this technique is illustrated with both numerical calculations using a mass-spring model and experimental data from a structure impacting a rigid barrier.
Functionally distinct, sequence-specific replicator and origin elements are required for Drosophila chorion gene amplification (2001)

To meet the demand for the rapid synthesis of chorion (eggshell) proteins, Drosophila ovarian follicle cells amplify the chromosomal loci containing the chorion gene clusters up to 60-fold. Amplification occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster. Deletion analyses of transgenic constructs derived from the third chromosome cluster have identified a 320-bp amplification control element (ACE3) required for amplification, as well as several stimulatory amplification enhancing regions (AERs). Two-dimensional (2D) gel analyses have identified multiple DNA replication initiation sites (origins) that partially overlap in location with ACE3 and the AERs. To further study sequence requirements for amplification, a vector was used in which transgenic constructs are protected from chromosomal position effects by flanking insulator elements, the suppressor Hairy-wing protein binding site (SHWBS). Using the buffered vector, the 320-bp ACE3 and an 884-bp element designated ori-beta were found to be necessary and sufficient for amplification. Two-dimensional gels revealed that ori-beta was acting as the origin. In contrast, origin activity could not be detected for ACE3. An insulator placed between ACE3 and ori-beta inhibited amplification, indicating that ACE3 activates ori-beta in cis. The results suggest that ACE3 acts as a replicator and support and extend the replicator model for the organization of metazoan chromosomal replicons.
The Spread of Cancer Misinformation via YouTube and how to Stop It: A Study on the Self-Administration of Anthelmintic for dogs as cancer medicine (Preprint) (2022)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> A knowledge gap exists between the list of required actions and the action plan for countering cancer misinformation on social media. A social media strategy to deliver factual information while also disrupting disinformation on a social media network has garnered little attention </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study is intended, first, to identify the spread structure of cancer misinformation on YouTube. How do YouTube videos play an important role to spread the self-administration of Anthelmintic for dogs as cancer medicine? Second, the study is intended to suggest the action strategy for stopping misinformation on YouTube by exploiting the logic of YouTube information flow and recommender system. What would be the effective strategy to stop cancer misinformation on YouTube? </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> The study used the YouTube case on the Self-Administration of Anthelmintic for dogs as alternative cancer medicine in South Korea. We gathered the Korean YouTube videos on the self-administration of Fenbendazole. It was retrieved using YouTube API for the query "Fenbendazole" and 702 videos from 227 channels were compiled. Then, at least 50,000 views and uploaded between September 2019 and September 2020 were chosen from the collection. Finally, the 10 suggested videos for each video were compiled, totaling 573 videos. Social network visualization for 573 recommended videos is used to identify three intervention strategies for disrupting the The study found the evidence of so-called ‘complex contagion’ by human and recommender system. By exposing stakeholders to multiple information sources on Fenbendazole self-administration personal reviews and linking them via recommender algorithm, YouTube has become the perfect infrastructure for reinforcing the belief that Fenbendazole can cure cancer, despite government warnings of self-administration risks and dangers.YouTube misinformation network. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The study found the evidence of so-called ‘complex contagion’ by human and recommender system. By exposing stakeholders to multiple information sources on Fenbendazole self-administration personal reviews and linking them via recommender algorithm, YouTube has become the perfect infrastructure for reinforcing the belief that Fenbendazole can cure cancer, despite government warnings of self-administration risks and dangers. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Health authority should upload pertinent information through ‘multiple’ channels and should exploit existing YouTube recommendation algorithm to disrupt misinformation network. Considering the viewing habits of patients and caregivers, the direct use of hospital channels is more effective than the indirect use of news media channels through public announcement and statement or government channels. Reinforcing through multiple channels is the key. </sec>
Chain dynamics in the crystalline α-phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by two-dimensional exchange deuteron NMR (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChain dynamics in the crystalline α-phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by two-dimensional exchange deuteron NMRJerome Hirschinger, Dieter Schaefer, Hans Wolfgang Spiess, and Andrew J. LovingerCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 9, 2428–2433Publication Date (Print):April 29, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00009a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00009a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The position of the structurally autonomous kringle 2 domain influences the functional features of tissue-type plasminogen activator (1995)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is composed of structurally autonomous domains. From the N-terminus of t-PA, a finger-like domain (F), an epidermal growth factor-like domain (G), two kringle domains (K1 and K2) and a serine protease domain (P) can be discerned. The K2 domain of t-PA is known to be involved in lysine binding, fibrin binding and fibrin-dependent plasminogen activation. To study the functional autonomy of the K2 domain in t-PA we constructed, with the aid of a cassette t-PA gene [Rehberg et al. (1989) Protein Engng, 2, 371-377], mutant t-PA genes coding for four molecules (FGK1K2P, FGK2K1P, GK1K2P and GK2K1P) in which the K2 domain was placed in two different positions in t-PA. The DNAs of wild-type t-PA and the t-PA variants were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and the recombinant proteins were purified by affinity chromatography. All molecules were expressed in their single-chain form and could be converted to their two-chain form. With these molecules, lysine binding, fibrin binding and fibrin-dependent plasminogen activation were studied. All variants showed affinity for lysyl-Sepharose and aminohexyl-Sepharose. Reversal of the K domains (FGK2K1P versus FGK2K1P and GK1K2P versus GK2K1P) resulted in a 23-47% weaker interaction to both lysyl-Sepharose and aminohexyl-Sepharose. Deleting the F domain (FGK1K2P versus GK1K2P and FGK2K1P versus GK2K1P) resulted in a 20-70% improvement of the interactions lysyl-Sepharose and aminohexyl-Sepharose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sheet-like and fusiform CuO nanostructures grown on graphene by rapid microwave heating for high Li-ion storage capacities (2011)

This paper reports CuO-graphene layer-by-layer hybrid nanostructures by a fast microwave irradiation method. The CuO nanosheets or fusiform morphologies were obtained by varying the reaction temperature of microwave heating. These CuO nanostructures were uniformly dispersed on graphene nanosheets (GNS), forming layer-by-layer nanostructures after drying and stacking. CuO nanostructures were designed as the spacer to prevent the reassembly of GNS to graphite sheets so that the unique properties relative to few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNS) could be retained in the practical applications. When evaluated as anode materials for Li-ion batteries, the CuO-GNS composites showed substantially enhanced lithium-storage capacities compared to CuO materials and GNS, which has been attributed to the improvement of structure stability and electrical contact by GNS for a long time upon repetitive cycling.
Structure of the Human Serotonin 5‐HT4 Receptor Gene and Cloning of a Novel 5‐HT4 Splice Variant (2000)

Several variants of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor are known to be produced by alternative splicing. To survey the existence and usage of exons in humans, we cloned the human 5-HT4 gene. Based on sequence analysis seven C-terminal variants (a-g) and one internal splice variant (h) were found. We concentrated in this study on the functional characterization of the novel splice variant h, which leads to the insertion of 14 amino acids into the second extracellular loop of the receptor. The h variant was cloned as a splice combination with the C-terminal b variant; therefore, we call this receptor 5-HT4(hb). This novel receptor variant was expressed transiently in COS-7 cells, and its pharmacological profile was compared with those of the previously cloned 5-HT4(a) and 5-HT4(b) isoforms, with the latter being the primary reference for the h variant. In competition binding experiments using reference 5-HT4 ligands, no significant differences were detected. However, the broadly used 5-HT4 antagonist GR113808 discriminated functionally among the receptor variants investigated. As expected, it was an antagonist on the 5-HT4(a) and 5-HT4(b) variant but showed partial agonistic activity on the 5-HT4(hb) variant. These data emphasize the importance of variations introduced by splicing for receptor pharmacology and may help in the understanding of conflicting results seen with 5-HT4 ligands in different model systems.
Migration study of carvacrol as a natural antioxidant in high-density polyethylene for active packaging (2009)

The migration behaviour of low molecular weight compounds from food packaging materials is one of the key issues in assessing the possibility of use in such applications. The aim of this work was to study the migration of carvacrol (1% and 2% w/w) when added to high-density polyethylene. All materials were exposed to the food simulants olive oil and distilled water separately at 40 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Three significant variables influencing the migration process were considered: incubation temperatures, the initial concentration of antioxidant, and the type of simulant (oil and aqueous). The amount of carvacrol migrating to olive oil was significantly higher than in water because of the higher solubility of this antioxidant in oil. Experimental results agreed reasonably well with those obtained by the application of a simple model derived from Fick's Second Law. Carvacrol could therefore be used in active packaging formulations as its release from the polymer matrix can be controlled.
Total supply capability and its extended indices for distribution systems: definition, model calculation and applications (2011)

This study systematically proposes and defines a set of new quantitative indices named total supply capability (TSC) and its associated indices, such as available supply capability, substation supply capability, network transfer capability, maximum supply capability and expandable supply capability. The concepts in the TSC family provide new approaches to analyse and optimise distribution networks. TSC for distribution systems is comparable to the total transfer capability for transmission systems, but there are significant differences, such as the radial configuration and service restoration in TSC consideration. TSC is defined as the maximum load to serve under the expanded N−1 security guideline for the distribution system, taking into account the capacities of the substation transformers, network topology, link capacity and other constraints. Here, the expanded N−1 security means a successful, near-immediate service restoration to all loads except for the faulted section. A mathematical model for TSC is then set up and an accurate method is presented to calculate the TSC with lingo. Sample applications are provided to illustrate a new TSC-based approach to evaluate the link capacity and obtain the reconductoring proposal. The results from a real distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TSC modelling and TSC-based approach.
Development of FET-Switched Induction Accelerator Cells for Heavy-Ion Fusion Recirculators (1994)

The recirculator, a recirculating heavy-ion induction accelerator, has been identified as a promising approach for an inertial fusion driver. One of the technical challenges to building a recirculator is the requirement for a modulator that can drive the induction accelerator cells at repetition rates /spl ges/100 kHz with variable pulse width and pulse repetition rate capability. A high repetition rate modulator and cell is presently being developed for use on a proposed heavy-ion recirculator. The goal is to develop an array of field-effect transistors to switch 5 kV, 1 /spl mu/s pulses onto a Metglas induction core at pulse rates exceeding 100 kHz. Each transistor in the array is driven by a fiber-optic isolated gate signal that is powered by a dc/dc converter. The circuit architecture provides for core reset between pulses and produces bursts of pulses that are variable in pulse width and prf. The transistor switching array, energy storage capacitors, reset circuit and cell core are all combined into a single compact, low-impedance package. Progress of this development work is presented with supporting data. >
Highly Efficient and Ultrasensitive Large‐Area Flexible Photodetector Based on Perovskite Nanowires (2018)

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have shown exceptional semiconducting properties and microstructural versatility for inexpensive, solution-processable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, an all-solution-based technique in ambient environment for highly sensitive and high-speed flexible photodetectors using high crystal quality perovskite nanowires grown on Kapton substrate is presented. At 10 V, the optimized photodetector exhibits a responsivity as high as 0.62 A W<sup>-1</sup> , a maximum specific detectivity of 7.3 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm Hz<sup>1/2</sup> W<sup>-1</sup> , and a rise time of 227.2 µs. It also shows remarkable photocurrent stability even beyond 5000 bending cycles. Moreover, a deposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a protective layer on the perovskite yields significantly better stability under ambient air operation: the PMMA-protected devices are stable for over 30 days. This work demonstrates a cost-effective fabrication technique for high-performance flexible photodetectors and opens opportunities for research advancements in broadband and large-scale flexible perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
Improvements to critical path time for BWR refueling outages. Final report (1985)

A previous study performed by General Electric Company (GE), identified 23 improvements that could save critical path time during refueling outages in boiling water reactors (BWR). This program, sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), developed 7 of the 23 improvements. These improvements are applicable to commercial BWR/2,3 and 4 nuclear power plants now in operation and in some cases those BWRs in the design and construction phase. Four of the recommended improvements can be implemented immediately by a utility without further technical development or plant unique modifications. Use of all improvements could reduce the fueling outage time by 7 days. This time savings represents an increase in plant availability, a significant cost savings in terms of replacement energy charges, and reductions in personnel radiation exposure. Each of the improvements are summarized.
Significance of Nanoparticles and the Role of Amino Acids in Structuring Them—A Review (2018)

Nanoparticles has occupied an eminent place in our tech-facilitated society. The processes involved in synthesizing nanoparticles are important not only to find their applications, but also to make them eco-friendly. Attempts are being made to replace the use of harmful surfactants/reagents by amino acids, in the due course of nanoparticle synthesis. Especially in synthesizing the multifunctional metal and metal oxide nanoparticles the use of amino acids as surfactant/as catalyst, helps to obtain required size and shape. Amino acids have the inherent property in directing and assembling the superstructures. They have the tendency to act as a capping agent and their presence during the synthesis processes alters the synthesized particles' morphology. Review has been made to study the role of amino acids like histidine, lysine, arginine in structuring ZnO, FeO, Au and Ag nanoparticles. The change in their morphology that resulted due to the addition of amino acids has been compared. It is important to understand the role of amino acids in synthesizing the nanoparticles, and so it is more important to understand the internal energy variation of the same. To achieve this, the interaction between the bio (amino acids) and non-bio (metal and metal oxide) nanoparticles are to be discussed both experimentally and theoretically. At times the theoretical characterization, especially at low dimensions, help us to understand inter-particle interaction and intra-particle interaction by determining their chemical potential and Lennard-Jones potential. This review has been concluded with a model to characterize the precursor solution (amino acids and inorganic materials) by considering the Equation of State for liquids, which could also be extended to determine the structure factor of nanoparticles.
High-Resolution X-Ray Powder Diffraction Studies of Some Mg- and Si- Substituted Brownmillerites (1996)

Structure refinements from powder diffraction data are presented for Ca2Fe1.4Mg0.3Si0.3O5 (I) and Ca2Fe1.07Al0.67Mg0.13Si0.13O5 (II). I has space group Pcmn, a 5.5961(1), b 14.7766(3), c 5.4273(1) Å, Rwp = 12.5%, Rexp = 5.6%, RI = 8.7%; II has space group Ibm2, a 5.5815, b 14.5848(4), c 5.3711(1) Å, Rwp = 13.2%, Rexp = 6.7%, RI = 9.3%;. Although the site occupancies were not successfully detd. for the latter, results confirm the anion-deficient perovskite structure for both compds. [on SciFinder(R)]
Synthesis of latanoprost diastereoisomers (2005)

A new synthesis of latanoprost diastereoisomers is described which utilizes a highly stereoselective Michael addition of higher-order cuprate to a chiral cyclopentenone derived from G-lactone in the crucial skeleton-forming step.
Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields and Heat Treatment on Stability and Secondary Structure of Bovine Immunoglobulin G (2005)

Bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) solutions were subjected to pulsed electric fields (PEF) or heat treatment to investigate the effect of processing on secondary structure monitored using circular dichroism spectrometry. Under heat treatment, the critical temperature for bovine IgG to change secondary structure at neutral pH in borate buffer is 72 degrees C. A conversion of the secondary structure from beta-sheets into random coils along with the loss of immunoactivity of bovine IgG was observed when heated at 82 degrees C for 120 s. In contrast, PEF treatment at 41.1 kV/cm for 54 mus with bipolar pulses (outlet at 43.8 degrees C) caused no detectable changes in the secondary structure or the thermal stability of secondary structure. A shape factor, S (200nm) over (217nm), ratio of magnitude of the positive CD band at 200 nm to that of the negative CD band at 217 nm, was closely correlated to the immunoactivity of bovine IgG (r(2) = 0.99) and quantifies changes of secondary structure.
Kids in Fairytales (2015)

Mixed Reality (MR) has the potential to improve the quality of users' experience by immersing users in the virtual world, but the limitations of computer vision and 3D graphics techniques have made it difficult to bring up practical applications. In this paper we present a mixed reality application that combines a mixed reality experience and storytelling to motivate young children to engage more in reading. We describe system design from physical space to software implementation and share our findings from 4 years of deployment. Since the first prototype was deployed at a national children's library headquartered in Korea, the accumulated number of young visitors reached 15000 and 20 additional children's libraries have installed the system. Our results demonstrate that mixed reality applications create a pleasant and engaging user experience for young children combined with storytelling.