gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of prostaglandin D2 in the monkey. (1979)

[3H7]Prostaglandin D2 was biosynthesized and infused into an unanesthetized monkey. The urinary metabolites were isolated and subsequently identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two pathways of prostaglandin D2 metabolism were identified and resulted in metabolites with prostaglandin D (3-hydroxycyclopentanone) and prostaglandin F (cyclopentane-1,3-diol) ring structures. The major prostaglandin D ring metabolite was identified as 9,20-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxo-2,3-dinorprost-5-en-1-oic acid. Nine other prostaglandin D ring metabolites were identified reflecting various combinations of metabolism by beta and omega oxidation, 15 dehydrogenation, and 13-14 reduction. In greater abundance were those prostaglandin D2 metabolites which had the prostaglandin F ring structure. The major prostaglandin D2 metabolite which had the prostaglandin F ring structure was identified as 9,11,15-trihydroxy-2,3-dinorprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (dinor prostaglandin F2 alpha). Nine other metabolites with the prostaglandin F ring structure were identified, including prostaglandin F2 alpha itself. These, for the most part, were the structural counterparts of the metabolites with the prostaglandin D ring. Since many prostaglandin D2 metabolites were found to be identical with the metabolites of prostaglandin F2 alpha, quantitative determinations of prostaglandin F ring metabolites may not be a specific indicator of prostaglandin F2 alpha biosynthesis. Likewise, data involving the measurement of a biological effect of prostaglandin D2 must be re-examined to account for the possible contribution of prostaglandin F2 alpha, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2, to the biological response.
Febrile neutropenia in patients with lymphoma treated with autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation (2008)

Infekcije predstavljaju vodeci uzrok morbiditeta i mortaliteta kod bolesnika lijecenih transplantacijom krvotvornih maticnih stanica. Poznavanje lokalne mikrobioloske epidemiologije i rizicnih cimbenika vezanih uz bolesnike vrlo su važni za njihovo optimalno lijecenje. CILJ: U bolesnika s limfomima lijecenih transplantacijom autolognih perifernih maticnih stanica (PMS) ispitati incidenciju febrilne neutropenije (FN) te istražiti povezanost varijabli izmjerenih na dan nastupa febriliteta s težinom infekcije. BOLESNICI I METODE: U istraživanje su ukljucena 102 konsekutivna bolesnika lijecena u KB Merkur od sijecnja 2002. do sijecnja 2008. (58m/44ž, dob 19- 68 uz medijan 44 godine, ne-Hodgkinov limfom=78, Hodgkinov limfom=24). REZULTATI: Febrilna se neutropenija pojavila kod 67 (65.7%) bolesnika, uz medijan nastupa 6 dana nakon reinfuzije PMS (raspon 1-9 dana, SD 1.71). Svi su bolesnici mikrobioloski obrađeni, nakon cega je zapoceta empirijska antibiotska terapija piperacilin- tazobaktamom, osim u 15 bolesnika koji su primili drugi antimikrobni lijek. Empirijska terapija je modificirana u 31 (46.3%) bolesnika. Vankomicin je dodan u 22 (32.8%) bolesnika, sistemna antifungalna terapija u 4 (6.0%), a oboje u 6 (9.0%) bolesnika. Tri su bolesnika umrla u sepsi tijekom razdoblja pancitopenije (TRM=2.9%). U 22 je bolesnika (32.8%) uzrocnik izoliran u hemokulturi, a kod 27 (40.3%) (i) u nekom drugom bioloskom uzorku. Gram+ mikroorganizmi bili su odgovorni za 63.6% svih bakterijemija, Gram- za njih 31.8%, dok je gljiva izolirana u hemokulturi 1 bolesnika (4.5% bakterijemija). Bolesnici s visim vrijednostima CRP-a i oni kod kojih je do pojave FN doslo ranije nakon transplantacije autolognih PMS imali su statisticki znacajno dulje trajanje febriliteta (p=0.047 i p=0.0066). Ostale varijable, ukljucujuci dob, broj prethodno primijenjenih linija terapije, broj reinfundiranih maticnih stanica, broj neutrofila, monocita te visina febriliteta na dan pocetka febrilne epizode nisu pokazali statisticki znacajnu korelaciju s trajanjem febriliteta. Svi su bolesnici s dijabetesom imali infektivne komplikacije, a njihovo je trajanje bilo dulje nego kod drugih bolesnika, iako ta razlika nije dostigla razinu statisticke znacajnosti (p=0.09). ZAKLJUCAK: Infekcije su opasne ali i ljecive komplikacije transplantacije autolognih PMS. Gram+ mikroorganizmi su najcesci uzrocnici infekcija u ovih bolesnika. Antimikrobnu terapiju valja primjeniti na vrijeme, a u izboru najprikladnijeg lijeka valja voditi racuna i o lokalnoj mikrobioloskoj epidemiologiji.
Amino Acid Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Cosolvent of Dimethyl Sulfoxide to Realize Cellulose Dissolution at Room Temperature (2012)

Abstract A mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylammonium alanine ([N221ME][Ala]) dissolved cellulose at rt; the solubility of cellulose depended on the content of the ionic liquid in DMSO and reached 23 wt % (vs. solvent) in a 1:1 mixture. The solution coagulated in water or ethanol to obtain a transparent regenerated cellulose in quantitative yield.
Patriotismo y autonomismo en José Antonio Saco (1994)

Tan pronto como llegó a España, inició José Antonio Saco su intensa carrera de escritor político, dedicado al estudio de la "cuestión cubana". Se trata de mostrar aquí, mediante el análisis de las más importantes piezas de su publicística, el sentimiento patriótico de Saco hacia Cuba y sus reiteradas propuestas para mejorar la condición colonial de la isla mediante la instauración de un régimen autonómico. Con ello, además, se aseguraría España la conservación de aquella posesión. Saco no creía factible la independencia de Cuba, ni deseable la anexión a los Estados Unidos –que, a su juicio, llevaría a la pérdida del carácter "nacional" hispánico de aquella sociedad insular-, pero pedía la promulgación de las leyes especiales anunciadas desde 1837, que podían haber otorgado a los cubanos participación política, y a la isla una autonomía semejante a la que gozaban las colonias inglesas. Con esta fórmula se hubieran evitado los movimientos y guerras de insurgencia.
Automatic semantics extraction in law documents (2005)

Normative texts can be viewed as composed by formal partitions (articles, paragraphs, etc.) or by semantic units containing fragments of a regulation (provisions). Provisions can be described according to a metadata scheme which consists of provision types and their arguments. This semantic annotation of a normative text can make the retrieval of norms easier. The detection and description of the provisions according to the established metadata scheme is an analytic intellectual activity aiming at classifying portions of a normative text into provision types and to extract their arguments. Automatic facilities supporting this intellectual activity are desirable. Particularly, in this paper, two modules able to qualify fragments of a normative text in terms of provision types and to extract their arguments are presented.
Associative-commutative matching via bipartite graph matching (1995)

We consider the problem of term matching where some subset of the function symbols are associative-commutative. Our approach is to build a hierarchy of bipartite graph matching problems which encodes all the possible solutions of subproblems. Sets of solutions to the graph matching problems which are consistent on variable assignments give rise to what we refer to as semi-pure AC systems in which assignments for every variable occurring under a free function symbol in the pattern are known. These semi-pure AC systems are then solved by an exhaustive search to find complete matching substitutions. We give a number of refinements which considerably cut down the search space at all stages in the algorithm leading to efficient solution of non-pathological problem instances.
Administration HeberFERON in the eyelid basal cell carcinoma about 2 cases (2016)

Cancer is once again the first cause of death in Cuba, and currently among the Latin-American countries and the third world, thus according to estimates, our country has the highest incidence rate of non-melanoma skin cancer. The Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent and specifically the BCC palpebral, occupies 90% of ocular malignancy. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Depending on extension, location, type of tumor, a history of repeated surgeries, surgery generates great loss of tissue so the aesthetic and functional results are not the most desirable for both surgeon and patient. In these cases other treatment options can be used to ensure a better quality of life.&#13;\nTwo patients were diagnosed with BCC palpebral by incisional biopsy in which lesion characteristics, location and the patient history, it was decided to perform medical treatment with perilesional HeberFERON. The result in both cases was satisfactory; tumor removal was achieved with good aesthetic and functional results, no recurrence of the injury during the first 2-3 years of follow-up.
Chemoenzymatic and Template-Directed Synthesis of Bioactive Macrocyclic Peptides (2006)

Non-ribosomally synthesized peptides have compelling biological activities ranging from antimicrobial to immunosuppressive and from cytostatic to antitumor. The broad spectrum of applications in modern medicine is reflected in the great structural diversity of these natural products. They contain unique building blocks, such as d-amino acids, fatty acids, sugar moieties, and heterocyclic elements, as well as halogenated, methylated, and formylated residues. In the past decades, significant progress has been made toward the understanding of the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and their associated tailoring enzymes. Guided by this knowledge, researchers genetically redesigned the NRPS template to synthesize new peptide products. Moreover, chemoenzymatic strategies were developed to rationally engineer nonribosomal peptides products in order to increase or alter their bioactivities. Specifically, chemical synthesis combined with peptide cyclization mediated by nonribosomal thioesterase domains enabled the synthesis of glycosylated cyclopeptides, inhibitors of integrin receptors, peptide/polyketide hybrids, lipopeptide antibiotics, and streptogramin B antibiotics. In addition to the synthetic potential of these cyclization catalysts, which is the main focus of this review, different enzymes for tailoring of peptide scaffolds as well as the manipulation of carrier proteins with reporter-labeled coenzyme A analogs are discussed.
Catalysis of Hydroformylation by Co4(CO)8−x(μ2‐CO)2(PPh3) x(μ4‐PPh)2, x = 0 or 2: Clusters as Catalysts (1980)

That clusters, e.g. (1), rather than their mononuclear fragments act as catalysts has now been established in the hydroformylation of 1- and 2-pentene. The influence of added phosphanes on the reaction rate and the ration of normal to branched products rule out decomposition of (1).
Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids and Alkaloidal Precursors: an Improved Synthesis of Flavopereirine (1999)

Synthesis of flavopereirine 1, formal synthesis of isogeissoschizines 8 and dihydrocorynantheols 9 through the intermediacy of 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine 3 and also the unexpected formation of the β-carbolines 12 and 13 on Huang–Minlon reaction of 2 are described.
Heat Transfer in a Cooled and an Insulated Diesel Engine (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Detailed heat transfer measurements were made in the combustion chamber of a Cummins single cylinder NH-engine in two configurations: cooled metal and ceramic-coated. The first configuration served as the baseline for a study of the effects of insulation and wall temperature on heat transfer. The second configuration had several in-cylinder components coated with 1.25 mm (0.050″) layer of zirconia plasma spray -- in particular, piston top, head firedeck and valves. The engine was operated over a matrix of operating points at four engine speeds and several load levels at each speed. The heat flux was measured by thin film thermocouple probes. The data showed that increasing the wall temperature by insulation reduced the heat flux. This reduction was seen both in the peak heat flux value as well as in the time-averaged heat flux. These trends were seen at all of the engine operating conditions. It is concluded that insulation reduces heat transfer, and that this effect should increase the piston work and indicated thermal efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;
A Review of Post-combustion CO2 Capture Technologies from Coal-fired Power Plants (2017)

Reducing CO2 emissions has become a worldwide research topic. Of all the sources of CO2 emissions, power plants burning fossil fuels, especially coals, account for a very large portion. For CO2 capture from existing coal-fired power plants, post-combustion technology is thus far considered the most viable method due to its “end-of-pipe” characteristic. Chemical absorption or scrubbing process is currently the technology most likely to be implemented in the near future but rather energy-intensive. Membrane-based CO2 separation process in recent years appears to be a competitive substitution for conventional chemical absorption technology. This paper reviews the basic process designs of chemical absorption and membrane-based separation processes for CO2 capture, as well as corresponding optimization methods including optimizing operational parameters, process modifications, membrane module types and so forth. In addition, some energetic and economic estimates from other researchers for these two CO2 capture technologies are summarized. It is found that membrane-based separation process does not possess obvious advantage over MEA-based chemical absorption process at the typical 90% CO2 capture degree in terms of both energy consumption and cost. Therefore, various optimization methods have not changed the fact that CCS technology will lay more burdens on power plants unless they can get enough allowances from government. In recent years, hybrid system with the target of utilizing more than one single capture technology seems to be new direction from the perspective of capture process design. However, it still needs to be further investigated.
Epimerization by Non‐Classical Acetalizaiton — A New Three Component Reaction for Carbohydrates and Inositols (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of acidification treatment and morphological stability of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer proton‐exchange membranes for fuel‐cell use above 100 °C (2003)

Abstract Directly copolymerized wholly aromatic sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers derived from 4,4′‐biphenol, 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3′‐disulfonated, and 4,4′‐dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (BPSH) were evaluated as proton‐exchange membranes for elevated temperature operation (100–140 °C). Acidification of the copolymer from the sulfonated form after the nucleophilic step (condensation) copolymerization involved either immersing the solvent‐cast membrane in sulfuric acid at 30 °C for 24 h and washing with water at 30 °C for 24 h (method 1) or immersion in sulfuric acid at 100 °C for 2 h followed by similar water treatment at 100 °C for 2 h (method 2). The fully hydrated BPSH membranes treated by method 2 exhibited higher proton conductivity, greater water absorption, and less temperature dependence on proton conductivity as compared with the membranes acidified at 30 °C. In contrast, the conductivity and water absorption of a control perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer (Nafion 1135) were invariant with treatment temperature; however, the conductivity of the Nafion membranes at elevated temperature was strongly dependent on heating rate or temperature. Tapping‐mode atomic force microscope results demonstrated that all of the membranes exposed to high‐temperature conditions underwent an irreversible change of the ionic domain microstructure, the extent of which depended on the concentration of sulfonic acid sites in the BPSH system. The effect of aging membranes based on BPSH and Nafion at elevated temperature on proton conductivity is also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2816–2828, 2003
Segmentation of medical images with Canny operator and GVF snake model (2008)

In computer vision, edge detection is a hot research area in which Canny operator is a typical algorithm. Canny operator has preferable anti-noise ability. However the edge based on Canny operator is not consecutive. GVF Snake model is used widely in image segmentation. But there are problems in convergence processing to boundaries of some medical image because of noise. This paper presents a new segmentation algorithm to medical image. First, rough edge is got by Canny operator, and then thinning method based on mathematical morphology is adopted to get edge map as foundation of GVF Snake model. This method solves the problem that the edge based on Canny operator is not consecutive. And it improves GVF Snake model’s anti-noise ability. Experiments indicate that the new algorithm can improve snake model’s ability to segment the complicated image.
Interface State Density Prediction between an Insulator and a Semiconductor by Gaussian Process Regression Models for a Modified Process (2023)

During data-driven process condition optimization on a laboratory scale, only a small-size data set is accessible and should be effectively utilized. On the other hand, during process development, new operations are frequently inserted or current operations are modified. These accessible data sets are somewhat related but not exactly the same type. In this study, we focus on the prediction of the quality of the interface between an insulator and GaN as a semiconductor for the potential application of GaN power semiconductor devices. The quality of the interface was represented as the interface state density, <i>D</i><sub>it</sub>, and the inserted operation to the process was the ultraviolet (UV)/O<sub>3</sub>-gas treatment. Our retrospective evaluation of model-building approaches for <i>D</i><sub>it</sub> prediction from a process condition revealed that for the UV/O<sub>3</sub>-treated interfaces, data of interfaces without the treatment contributed to performance improvement. Such performance improvement was not observed when using a data set of Si as the semiconductor. As a modeling method, the automatic relevance vector-based Gaussian process regression with the prior distribution of the length-scale parameters exhibited a relatively high predictive performance and represented a reasonable uncertainty of prediction as reflected by the distance to the training data set. This feature is a prerequisite for a potential application of Bayesian optimization. Furthermore, hyperparameters in the prior distribution of the length-scales could be optimized by leave-one-out cross-validation.
Calculation of distance to fault and transition resistance on the fault place on electric power system lines (2011)

Determination of exact distance to faulted place on electric power lines is of extreme importance for shortening of no voltage states in electric power system, minimizing losses and making easier finding of faulted place and transportation of servicemen to it. Many methods have been developed according to existing technologies with the only one aim: to make calculation of distance to fault more accurate. Here presented method is offering fast calculation of distance to fault eliminating influence of transition resistance on the place of the fault and eliminating influence of DC and harmonic components existing in electrical signals during transient process caused by the fault.
Abnormal functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia: Mutual information analysis in EEG (2011)

The aim of the present study was to investigate functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia patients to understand the pathophysiology underlying their abnormality in movement. We recorded EEGs from 58 electrodes in 15 focal hand dystonia patients and 15 healthy volunteers during rest and a simple finger-tapping task that did not induce any dystonic symptoms. We investigated mutual information, which provides a quantitative measure of linear and nonlinear coupling, in the alpha, beta, and gamma bands. Mean mutual information of all 58 channels and mean of the channels of interest representative of regional functional connectivity over sensorimotor areas (C3, CP3, C4, CP4, FCz, and Cz) were evaluated. For both groups, we found enhanced mutual information during the task compared with the rest condition, specifically in the beta and gamma bands for mean mutual information of all channels, and in all bands for mean mutual information of channels of interest. Comparing the focal hand dystonia patients with the healthy volunteers for both rest and task, there was reduced mutual information in the beta band for both mean mutual information of all channels and mean mutual information of channels of interest. Regarding the properties of the connectivity in the beta band, we found that the majority of the mutual information differences were from linear connectivity. The abnormal beta-band functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia patients suggests deficient brain connectivity.
Practical RF-pulse shape designs to minimize off-resonance artifacts in dissolved-phase hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI (2023)

Minimizing artifacts in 129 Xe gas exchange MRI requires selectively exciting the broad dissolved phase resonances, without exciting the much larger gas phase pool. This requires not only a short, selective pulse, but also overcoming pulse distortions imposed by the RF amplifier. Here, we demonstrate a novel, practical RF pulse based on augmenting the traditional Hanning window pulse with tunable DC bias and sub-lobes in the time-domain. We characterized the performance through simulations, phantom, and in vivo testing and determined that the tunable DC bias parameter creates a robust dissolved-phase excitation while minimizing gas-phase contamination.
Analysis of Concave Curling in Concrete Slabs (1993)

A concrete pavement curls to a concave configuration when it is subjected to a negative temperature gradient, which results when the temperature at its bottom surface is higher than at its top surface. A gap may occur between the bottom of the slab and the subgrade if the temperature gradient is large. The present paper offers an analytical approach to the determination of displacement and stress distributions for a semi‐infinite slab and for an infinitely‐long slab of a finite width, which takes into account a gap that may occur under the slab resulting from curling. Based on the analysis, an approximate formula for the maximum stress in a finite slab is suggested. The solution presented herein is obtained by applying the plate theory to an elastic plate resting on a Winkler foundation. Therefore, it is a general elastic solution and applies to not only concrete but also other materials.
In Situ Coupling Strategy for the Preparation of FeCo Alloys and Co4N Hybrid for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution (2017)

An in situ coupling approach is developed to create a new highly efficient and durable cobalt-based electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using a novel cyclotetramerization, a task-specific bimetallic phthalocyanine-based nanoporous organic framework is successfully built as a precursor for the carbonization synthesis of a nonprecious OER electrocatalyst. The resultant material exhibits an excellent OER activity with a low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and high durability in an alkaline medium. This impressive result ranks among the best from known Co-based OER catalysts under the same conditions. The simultaneous installation of multiple diverse cobalt-based active sites, including FeCo alloys and Co<sub>4</sub> N nanoparticles, plays a critical role in achieving this promising OER performance. This innovative approach not only enables high-performance OER activity to be achieved but simultaneously provides a means to control the surface features, thereby tuning the catalytic property of the material.