gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Flux Barriers Type and Parameterization in Reluctance Machine Torque Optimization (2019)

This paper analyzes the impact of the flux barriers (FB) type and their parameterization on the torque optimization of synchronous reluctance machines. Four different types are considered: rectangular FB, round FB, hyperbolic FB, and finally Joukowski FB, which follow the natural flux lines in a solid rotor. A parameterization that simplifies the non-overlapping constraints is introduced, and, for each of these types, the num- ber of parameters is discussed. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is run to maximize the mean torque while minimizing the torque ripple. Evaluations are performed by a 2D nonlinear finite element magnetic model. The obtained Pareto fronts show that the optimization is able to reduce the torque ripple down to about 4% for all the types, with little impact on the mean torque. The round FB have the highest mean torque and a better convergence speed than rectangular and hyperbolic FB, whereas the Joukowski FB, with half as many parameters, reaches 98% of the round FB torque. Also, the proposed parameterization reaches the optimization convergence up to 3.5 times faster than a conventional parameterization, for all the FB types
Phonon Scattering by Dislocations in GaN (2019)

Crystal imperfections such as dislocations strongly influence the performance and thermal transport behavior of GaN-based devices. We show that the experimental data used to parametrize the effect of dislocations on the thermal conductivity can be explained using only the reported film thickness and point defect concentrations. The analysis highlights the boundary-scattering-governed reduction of thermal conductivity in GaN, which had been underestimated in earlier models. To quantify the influence of dislocations on the thermal transport in GaN, we adopt a Green's function approach based on accurate ab initio interatomic force constants. While calculations at the level of density functional theory are necessary for three-phonon and point defect scattering, we show that scattering due to dislocations can be satisfactorily approximated using semiempirical potentials. This makes the Green's function approach to dislocation scattering a quantitatively predictive, yet computationally practical, method for obtaining detailed phonon scattering rates.
Defect blocking via laterally induced growth of semipolar (1 0 1 1) GaN on patterned substrates (2016)

Semipolar (1 0 1) GaN thin films with state-of-the-art optical and structural quality have been obtained on silicon substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using a novel defect reduction method. We initially apply a classical patterning approach on Si (0 0 1) off substrates to reveal the Si (1 1 1) facets over which the subsequent inclined epitaxy will be carried out. After the growth of AlN, the sample is etched with before the GaN growth is done on the same structure. The process has shown to induce the spontaneous formation of a defect blocking layer that substantially reduces the presence of threading dislocations and basal stacking faults. This is confirmed by correlated optical and structural characterizations. Further, a simple model explaining the origin and working-principle of the blocking layer will be discussed.
Interactive Buildings: A Review (2019)

Buildings are widely regarded as potential sources for demand flexibility. The flexibility of thermal and electric load in buildings is a result of their interactive nature and its impact on the building’s performance. In this paper, the interaction of a building with the three interaction counterparts of the physical environment, civil infrastructure networks and other buildings is investigated. The literature review presents a wide variety of pathways of interaction and their associated potential impacts on building performance metrics such as net energy use, emissions, occupant comfort and operational cost. It is demonstrated that all of these counterparts of interaction should be considered to harness the flexibility potential of the buildings while maintaining other buildings performance metrics at a desired level. Juxtaposed with the upside potential for providing demand flexibility, numerous implementation challenges are identified that are associated with the evaluation and financial valuation of the capacity for demand flexibility, the aggregated flexibility potential, as well as the control and communication to facilitate the interactions.
A New Level-Up Shifter for High Speed and Wide Range Interface in Ultra Deep Sub-Micron (2005)

A new level-up shifter aimed at ultra low core voltage and wide range I/O voltage is designed using a 90 nm CMOS process. The proposed level shifter uses analog circuit techniques and standard zero-Vt NMOS transistor without adding extra mask or process step. No static power consumption and stable duty ratio make this level shifter suitable for wide I/O interface voltage applications in ultra deep sub-micron. These techniques work even at 0.6 V core voltage, 1.65/spl sim/3.6V I/O voltage, within 45:55 duty ratio up to 200 MHz.
Omgaan met het ICT risico / Kenniskring ICT risico (2009)

In dit onderzoek wordt eerst de theorie op het terrein van risicomanagement bij inzet van ICT op een rij gezet.
Vervolgens wordt de benadering gekozen, die bij het empirisch onderzoek is gehanteerd. De keuze is hierbij gevallen op de benadering van risico bij inzet van ICT van Westerman c.s..
Observation of dissipated optical energy transfer between CdSe quantum dots (2007)

Exciton energy transfer between quantum dots via an optical near-field and subsequent dissipation was observed. Two sizes of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with resonant energy levels were mixed to confirm the energy transfer and dissipation using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was estimated that the energy transfer time was 135 ps, which is shorter than the exciton lifetime of 2.10 ns. This indicates that CdSe quantum dots are promising material for nanophotonic devices.
Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability (2012)

Our results provide novel evidence that altered functional connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex may underlie hypnotizability. Future studies focusing on how these functional networks change and interact during hypnosis are warranted.
High-Index Core–Shell Ni–Pt Nanoparticles as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts (2020)

Developing solid solution nanoparticles with complex faceted geometries and unusual composition sectoral zoning can enhance their catalytic performance. In a solution-phase synthesis of PtNi nanoparticles, we show that a mixture of surfactants results in surface functionalization, which in turn controls the morphological evolution of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles exhibited complex chemical growth zoning, rich in Pt geometric topologies, which varied as a function of surfactant mixture. Compositional mapping, using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), highlights core–shell structures (∼1 nm Pt coating thickness) with edge–vertex Pt-enrichment and Ni-rich faces. These core–shell Ni–Pt nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared to commercial Pt/C, even after extended potential cycles (5000). Our synthetic approach, which utilizes the surfactants' array of distinct functional groups, offers new avenues toward the formation of concentric core–shell structures with multifaceted topologies. These materials show considerable promise as electrocatalysts.
Data from Initial Whole-Genome Sequencing of Plasma Cell Neoplasms in First Responders and Recovery Workers Exposed to the World Trade Center Attack of September 11, 2001 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The World Trade Center (WTC) attack of September 11, 2001 created an unprecedented environmental exposure to known and suspected carcinogens. High incidence of multiple myeloma and precursor conditions has been reported among first responders to the WTC disaster. To expand on our prior screening studies, and to characterize the genomic impact of the exposure to known and potential carcinogens in the WTC debris, we were motivated to perform whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of WTC first responders and recovery workers who developed a plasma cell disorder after the attack.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We performed WGS of nine CD138-positive bone marrow mononuclear samples from patients who were diagnosed with plasma cell disorders after the WTC disaster.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;No significant differences were observed in comparing the post-WTC driver and mutational signature landscapes with 110 previously published WGSs from 56 patients with multiple myeloma and the CoMMpass WGS cohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 752). Leveraging constant activity of the single-base substitution mutational signatures 1 and 5 over time, we estimated that tumor-initiating chromosomal gains were windowed to both pre- and post-WTC exposure.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Although limitations in sample size preclude any definitive conclusions, our findings suggest that the observed increased incidence of plasma cell neoplasms in this population is due to complex and heterogeneous effects of the WTC exposure that may have initiated or contributed to progression of malignancy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of A 90‐km Endurance Race on Resistance to Oxidation and Inflammation Levels in 6‐Year Old Horses (2014)

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine whether serum anti‐oxidant defenses are impaired by endurance exercise and to investigate possible correlation with performance in the race. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 23 Arabian or half‐Arabian horses (6 years old) the day before (T0) and 30 minutes after (T1) a 90‐km race. Performance records available included speed, heart rate 10 and 30 minutes after arrival and the rating by veterinarians based on recovery and gait (5 categories from ‘eliminated’ to ‘excellent’). Absorbance at 413 nm (A413), at 650 nm (A650) and absorbance of Rose Bengal ( RB ) were measured in sera at T0 and T1 (a higher absorbance means a lower antioxidant capacity). Relationships between blood variables and between T0 values and race results were evaluated using correlation analysis and means comparisons. Results All horses finished the race with an average speed of 16.3 km/h. Three horses were eliminated for lameness, one was excellent and the others were distributed between the other three categories. After the race, a significant increase of RB , A413, A413‐A650, PT and CK (P&lt;0.001) was observed. At T0, RB and CK were significantly correlated (r = 0.52, P&lt;0.01). At T1, absorbance values were significantly correlated with muscle enzymes and haptoglobin (r = 0.50–0.67, P&lt;0.05). The speed of the horse was negatively correlated with RB at T0 (r = −0.42, P&lt;0.05). No significant difference in absorbance values could be detected between the recovery categories. Conclusions A higher resistance to oxidative stress was observed before the race in the best performing horses. Ethical Animal Research The study design was approved by the E thics C ommittee for the A lfort V eterinary School and the U niversity of Paris‐Est under number 12/07/11‐1; owner informed consent was obtained before any manipulation on horses. Sources of funding: National Studs ( IFCE ), the Eperon Funds and the Arabian Horse Association ( ACA ). Competing interests: none.
Control of Condensation Shock Wave Using a Double Slot (1994)

Since the concept of passive control of shock-boundary layer interaction using a double slot was published in 1984, several papers have been reported on the application of this technique to transonic airfoil flows. In the present paper, this technique is applied to condensation shock wave which is caused by rapid expansion of moist air in a supersonic nozzle. The effects of passive control on condensation shock wave have been experimentally investigated by a schlieren optical method and pressure measurements. As a result, it is found that the passive control is the useful technique to suppress the periodic oscillation of condensation shock wave.
A randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 2 trial of denosumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. (2014)

TPS8130 Background: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease forwhich patients (pts) may benefit from targeted therapies. RANK ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK are expressed in a subset of NSCLC tumors (Branstetter, 2013). Results from preclinical models show that RANKL acts directly on RANK-expressing tumor cells to promote tumor progression and metastases (Gonzalez-Suarez, 2010; Tan, 2011). Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds RANKL, approved for the prevention of skeletal-related events in pts with solid tumors and bone metastases. In a study of pts with solid tumors receiving standard treatment, post hoc analysis of those with stage IV NSCLC (n = 702) showed that pts who received denosumab had improved median overall survival (OS) vs those who received zoledronic acid (ZA; HR [95% CI] 0.78 [0.65–0.94], p = 0.01; Scagliotti, 2012). The current trial will correlate tumor RANK and RANKL expression and OS in pts with metastatic NSCLC receiving denosumab in combination with standard chemotherapy vs those receiving chemotherapy alone. The trial is sponsored by Amgen Inc. and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01951586). Methods: ~216 pts with untreated stage IV NSCLC will receive 4–6 cycles of standard of care chemotherapy and be randomized (2:1) to denosumab 120 mg or placebo SC Q3W or Q4W plus a loading dose on day 8. ZA or placebo IV may be offered in a blinded manner if requested. The sample size is powered to test the interaction between treatment effect and RANK or RANKL expression under various reasonable scenarios. Pts will receive calcium and vit D daily. Randomization will be stratified based on bone metastasis (yes or no), histology (squamous vs nonsquamous), and region (North America, Western Europe/Australia, rest of world). The primary endpoint is tumor RANK expression correlated with OS. Primary analysis will occur when ~149 deaths have occurred. Eligible pts will have ECOG status 0–1 and radiographically evaluable disease. Pts with known EGFR-activating mutations, EML-4-ALK translocations, or brain metastasis will be excluded. Pt screening and enrollment is planned or underway in ~10 countries. Clinical trial information: NCT01951586.
The File System Belongs in the Kernel. (1991)

This paper argues that a shared, distributed name space and I/O interface should be implemented inside the operating system kernel. The grounding for the argument is a comparison between the Sprite network operating system and the Mach microkernel. Sprite optimizes the common case of file and device access, both local and remote, by providing a kernel-level implementation. Sprite also allows for user-level extensibility by letting a user-level process implement the naming and I/O interfaces of the file system. Mach, in contrast, provide general interprocess communication and does not define a file system protocol in the kernel. [Published in the Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Mach Symposium, Nov 20-22, 1991, pages 233250 ] 1 Introduction This paper argues that the file system is a mature enough abstraction that it should be implemented inside the operating system kernel for optimal performance. Data storage and high-level naming are fundamental features of today&amp;apos;s computer syste...
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Annulation of Alkynes with ortho-Ester-Containing Phenylboronic Acids (2007)

Palladium(II) catalyzes annulation of internal alkynes with methyl 2-boronobenzoate and (2-boronophenyl)acetate to provide 2,3-disubstituted indenones and 3,4-disubstituted 2-naphthols, respectively. The annulation reaction would proceed through transmetalation of Pd(II) with the boron reagents and insertion of the alkynes, followed by unprecedented 1,2-addition of the generated alkenylpalladium(II) species to the intramolecular ester group.
Dislocation-Free Silicon on Sapphire by Wafer Bonding (1994)

A 300 µm thick silicon wafer with oxide of 200 A in thickness which prevents void formation is sticked with a sapphire wafer at room temperature. To avoid the crack generation of a silicon wafer, a sticked wafer is heated up to 270C for 2 h and then a silicon layer is removed by grinding from 525 µm to 10 µm. To remove grinding damage and to further thin the silicon layer to 3 µm, KOH etching at 80C is used. Finally, to obtain the silicon layer having the thickness range of 0∼3 µm, polishing is employed. Although the high density of dislocations is observed in the 2.2 µm thick specimen annealed at 900C for 2 h, however, when the specimen is thinned down to 0.2 µm, silicon layer becomes dislocation-free, as confirmed by double crystal X-ray topography and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thin oxide between silicon and sapphire plays an important role in the prevention of diffusion of boron as a contaminant at the bonded interface.
Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for <em>In Vivo</em> Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging (2012)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomedical imaging technique with high spatial-temporal resolution. With its minimally invasive approach OCT has been used extensively in ophthalmology, dermatology, and gastroenterology1-3. Using a thinned-skull cortical window (TSCW), we employ spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) modality as a tool to image the cortex in vivo. Commonly, an opened-skull has been used for neuro-imaging as it provides more versatility, however, a TSCW approach is less invasive and is an effective mean for long term imaging in neuropathology studies. Here, we present a method of creating a TSCW in a mouse model for in vivo OCT imaging of the cerebral cortex.
Wheat prolamine crosslinking through dityrosine formation catalyzed by peroxidases: Improvement in the modification of a poorly accessible substrate by ?indirect? catalysis (1999)

"Enzyme-assisted" oxidative polymerization of wheat gliadins was performed in an attempt to obtain new protein-based networks. Two plant peroxidases (soybean and horseradish) were used to induce the dimerization of tyrosine residues. The results show that tyrosines are poorly modified by these enzymes in an aqueous medium (dityrosine corresponded to 2% of the total amount of tyrosine). Two approaches were tested to overcome problems relating to accessibility to the target tyrosines: First, the efficiency of protein crosslinking via tyrosine-tyrosine aromatic ring condensation was enhanced in water when the proteins were oxidized by a fungus peroxidase (manganese-dependent peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium), which acts according to an indirect catalysis mechanism (up to 12% of the total amount of tyrosine is recovered under a dimeric form). Second, when the gliadins were dispersed in a water/dioxane (3/1) mixed solvent system, the tyrosines were more accessible on the protein surface, and similar yields were obtained with both types of peroxidase. The two types of catalysis (contact and indirect) are considered from the standpoint of the accessibility of the target residues. Enzymatic oxidations were also performed on synthetic peptides mimicking the repeatitive domains of gliadins. The results show that exposure of tyrosine to the solvent may not be sufficient to induce dityrosine formation. The mechanical properties of some films obtained from peroxidase-treated gliadins were investigated to correlate protein crosslinking with a potential application. One effect of the enzymatic treatment was to increase the tensile strength of the films. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Asymmetrically Nanoparticle-Supported, Monodisperse Composite Dumbbells by Protruding a Smooth Polymer Bulge from Rugged Spheres (2011)

A novel method is proposed to create asymmetrically nanoparticle-supported, monodisperse composite dumbbells. The method consists of the three steps of double soap-free emulsion polymerizations before and after a heterocoagulation. In the first step, soap-free emulsion polymerization was conducted to cover silica cores with cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shells. Then, positively or negatively charged silica nanoparticles were heterocoagulated with the silica-PMMA core-shell particles. In the heterocoagulations, the nanoparticles surface-modified with a cationic silane coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, were used as the positively charged ones, and silica nanoparticles without any treatment were used as the negatively charged ones. In the third step, soap-free polymerizations at different pH values were performed to protrude a polystyrene (PSt) bulge from the core-shell particles supporting the charged silica nanoparticles. In the polymerization, the core-shell particles heterocoagulated with the positively charged silica nanoparticles were aggregated in an acidic condition whereas the silica nanoparticles supported on the core-shell particles were dissolved in a basic condition. For the negatively charged silica nanoparticle, a PSt bulge was successfully protruded from the core-shell particle in acidic and neutral conditions without aggregation of the core-shell particles. The protrusion of the PSt bulge became distinctive when the number of heterocoagulated silica nanoparticles per core-shell particle was increased. Additional heterocoagulation experiments, in which positively or negatively charged magnetite nanoparticles were mixed with the asymmetrically nanoparticle-supported composite dumbbells, confirmed direct exposure of silica nanoparticles to the outer solvent phase.
Monoglyceride surfactants from arginine: synthesis and biological properties (2004)

A novel family of dicationic arginine-monoglyceride surfactants, 1-acyl-3-O-(L-arginyl)-rac-glycerol·2HCl, was synthesised and characterised. They have one alkyl chain of with length in the range of C10–C14 attached to the glycerol though esters bonds and a dicationic polar head from the arginine. Structurally they can be regarded as analogues of the monoglycerides, widely used as emulsifiers in the food and in the pharmaceutical industry. The introduction of the basic amino acid arginine into the monoglycerides increases the solubility of these compounds and improves their antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the acute toxicity of these surfactants against Daphnia magna is clearly lower than the toxicity reported for conventional cationic surfactants.