gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Factors Contribute to the Onset of Food Allergies (2017)

Background: Approximately 50 million Americans experience a food allergy. A food allergy is defined as an immune reaction after an ingested, inhaled, or dermal exposure to a certain food. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to define the role of the environment as it relates to food allergies. If environmental factors contribute to the onset of food allergies, then this epidemic could be labeled as an emerging public health issue. Methods: After reviewing articles from the peer-reviewed literature, information was compiled in graphical and tabular form. Literature search included manuscripts published between 1990 to 2017 using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms focused on “food allergy”, “food sensitivity”, “food intolerance”, and “environment*”studies. Findings from these studies were evaluated by determining relationships between environmental factors and food allergies. Discussion: Food allergies diagnosed often appear in children under the age of three. People diagnosed are shown to have the following similarities: manifest symptom(s) at age < 20 years old, reside in industrialized environments, inflicted with predisposing health sensitivities, and originating from developed countries. This review focused on discerning the details within the individual’s environment. Conclusions: We found that increased urbanization contribute to the environment-food allergy nexus. The most cited adverse human health outcomes include multiple allergies, psychological effects, and death. By identifying causes of food allergies, recommendations can be offered to improve the quality of life of those inflicted.
15.2 A 90ns/V Fast-Transition Symbol-Power-Tracking Buck Converter for 5G mm-Wave Phased-Array Transceiver (2019)

The 5G-New-Radio (NR) standard in millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands requires a low-cost antenna module consisting of a phased-array transceiver with beamforming [1], an antenna array, and a power management IC (PMIC). Since a typical on-chip mm-wave CMOS power-amplifier (PA) arrays have poor power efficiency due to the lossy substrate and the low maximum available-gain frequency of CMOS processes, they cause serious thermal issues due to the high power density and reduce battery life in a mobile handset. Recently, supply-modulation (SM) techniques, such as an envelope tracking (ET) and an average-power tracking (APT) instead of a direct battery-connected supply, have been introduced to enhance PA efficiency [2]. However, these techniques have few challenges, such as limited ET tracking bandwidth and APT transition time, to support new requirements of the 5G NR standard. In order to manage the power effectively of a phased-array module, a special SM technique named symbol-power tracking (SPT) is proposed for the power management in this work. The SPT controls the supply voltage of mm-wave PA arrays every few micro-second (symbol to symbol), which is much faster than that of APT, which adjusts the output voltage every one millisecond (sub-frame to sub-frame).
[Changes in tracheal and lung sounds before and after resection of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea]. (1999)

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of wheezing and dyspnea. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was diagnosed from the findings on biopsy specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The tumor was resected and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Precision analyses of lung sounds were conducted before and after the operation. During eupnea the tracheal sounds prior to operation contained an accentuated, high-frequency component at about 1,500 Hz. The tracheal sounds included a single monophonic wheeze during deep inspiration and 5 wheezes during forced expiration. By contrast, lung sounds in the chest wall were almost normal both before and after the operation. We concluded that increases in high-frequency components in tracheal sounds and the manifestation of various wheezes can be useful in diagnosing tracheal stenosis and/or tumors.
Investigation and Functional Characterization of Rare Genetic Variants in the Adipose Triglyceride Lipase in a Large Healthy Working Population (2010)

Recent studies demonstrated a strong influence of rare genetic variants on several lipid-related traits. However, their impact on free fatty acid (FFA) plasma concentrations, as well as the role of rare variants in a general population, has not yet been thoroughly addressed. The adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is encoded by the PNPLA2 gene and catalyzes the rate-limiting step of lipolysis. It represents a prominent candidate gene affecting FFA concentrations. We therefore screened the full genomic region of ATGL for mutations in 1,473 randomly selected individuals from the SAPHIR (Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention program in subjects at High Individual Risk) Study using a combined Ecotilling and sequencing approach and functionally investigated all detected protein variants by in-vitro studies. We observed 55 novel mostly rare genetic variants in this general population sample. Biochemical evaluation of all non-synonymous variants demonstrated the presence of several mutated but mostly still functional ATGL alleles with largely varying residual lipolytic activity. About one-quarter (3 out of 13) of the investigated variants presented a marked decrease or total loss of catalytic function. Genetic association studies using both continuous and dichotomous approaches showed a shift towards lower plasma FFA concentrations for rare variant carriers and an accumulation of variants in the lower 10%-quantile of the FFA distribution. However, the generally rather small effects suggest either only a secondary role of rare ATGL variants on the FFA levels in the SAPHIR population or a recessive action of ATGL variants. In contrast to these rather small effects, we describe here also the first patient with "neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy" (NLSDM) with a point mutation in the catalytic dyad, but otherwise intact protein.
Neutralization of excessive levels of active TGF-β1 reduces MSC recruitment and differentiation to mitigate peritendinous adhesion (2023)

Peritendinous adhesion formation (PAF) can substantially limit the range of motion of digits. However, the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still unclear. In this study, we found that the concentration of active TGF-β1 and the numbers of macrophages, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and myofibroblasts in human and mouse adhesion tissues were increased. Furthermore, knockout of TGF-β1 in macrophages or TGF-β1R2 in MSCs inhibited PAF by reducing MSC and myofibroblast infiltration and collagen I and III deposition, respectively. Moreover, we found that MSCs differentiated into myofibroblasts to form adhesion tissues. Systemic injection of the TGF-β-neutralizing antibody 1D11 during the granulation formation stage of PAF significantly reduced the infiltration of MSCs and myofibroblasts and, subsequently, PAF. These results suggest that macrophage-derived TGF-β1 recruits MSCs to form myofibroblasts in peritendinous adhesions. An improved understanding of PAF mechanisms could help identify a potential therapeutic strategy.
Dual-Band Metallic FSS-EBG Sectoral Antenna (2008)

International audience
An energy recovery approach for a charge redistribution successive approximation ADC (2010)

This paper presents a new method to recover energy in an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) based on the principle of adiabatic charging. The ADC comprises an Adiabatic Charging Charge Redistribution (ACCR) DAC, a dynamic comparator, and a Successive-Approximation-Register (SAR) counter. Charges in the ACCR DAC can be recovered through a resonant power supply and adiabatic switch. These charges can then be stored for reuse, thus, provide a design approach for highly energy efficient ADC. The adiabatic switch is designed with two operation modes - Fast Switching Mode and Adiabatic Mode. Therefore, the ACCR DAC can operate at its fastest possible sampling rate during Fast Switching Mode and achieve highest energy efficiency during Adiabatic Mode. A 10-bit ACCR DAC using 0.18μm CMOS technology is simulated with SPICE. Simulation results show that the ACCR DAC achieves an energy efficiency of 30.42 fJ/conversion-step during Adiabatic Mode at a sampling rate of 100kS/s with 2V supply voltage. This is translated into an improvement of 69% as compared to the conventional switching method.
Cell surface mucin-type glycoproteins and mucin-like domains (1991)

Cell surface mucins and mucin-like domains comprise a diverse and heterogeneous group of cell surface glycoproteins. The heterogeneity results from both genetic variations in the polypeptides and carbohydrate differences. Mucins form extended rods from the cell surface. The mucin domains apparently serve a protective function, protecting the glycoproteins from cell surface proteolysis and protecting the cells from attack by other cells. Biosynthesis of mucin oligosaccharides is initiated near the transit of the proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and proceeds rapidly during passage to the cell surface. In some carcinomas a second O-glycosylation pathway adds new oligosaccharides to the glycoproteins after they have reached the cell surface, presumably during recycling.
Amphiphile Polymer‐Lipidkonjugate zur potenten lymphatischen Anreicherung von TLR7/8‐Agonisten ermöglichen eine örtlich begrenzte Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems (2019)

Abstract Die Induktion unkontrollierter systemischer Entzündungsprozesse blockiert derzeit die unmittelbare klinische Anwendung verschiedener Klassen von nierdermolekularen Immunmodulatoren. Darunter fallen zum Beispiel auch die Imidazochinolin‐basierten TLR7/8‐Agonisten, die eine erfolgversprechende Anwendung beim Impfen oder in der Krebsimmuntherapie finden könnten. Hierbei würden Lipidmotive eine Abhilfe schaffen, da sie sich an Serumproteine anlagern und so zu einer Akkumulation im lymphatischen Gewebe beitragen. Aus diesem Grund haben wir amphiphile Polymer‐Lipidkonjugate als Transporter entwickelt, die die systemischen Entzündungserscheinungen der niedermolekularen Wirkstoffe unterdrücken und stattdessen eine potente Immunaktivierung allein in den Lymphknoten ermöglichen. In dieser Arbeit legen wir erste systematische Struktur‐Wirkstoffbeziehungen für eine optimale lymphatische Anreicherung dar.
Ion selectivity in capacitive deionization with functionalized electrode: Theory and experimental validation (2018)

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technique for salt removal and may have potential for highly selective removal of ion species. In this work, we take advantage of functional groups usually used with ionic exchange resins and apply these to CDI. To this end, we functionalize activated carbon with a quaternary amines surfactant and use this surface to selectively and passively (no applied field) trap nitrate ions. We then set the cell voltage to a constant value to regenerate these electrodes, resulting in an inverted capacitive deionization (i-CDI) operation. Unlike resins, we avoid use of concentrated chemicals for regeneration. We measure the selectivity of nitrate versus chloride ions as a function of regeneration voltage and initial chloride concentration. We experimentally demonstrate up to about 6.5-fold (observable) selectivity in a cycle with a regeneration voltage of 0.4 V. We also demonstrate a novel multi-pass, air-flush i-CDI operation to selectively enrich nitrate with high water recovery. We further present a dynamic, multi-species electrosorption and equilibrium solution-to-surface chemical reaction model and validate the model with detailed measurements. Our i-CDI system exhibits higher nitrate selectivity at lower voltages; making it possible to reduce NaNO<sub>3</sub> concentrations from ∼170 ppm to below the limit of maximum allowed values for nitrate in drinking water of about 50 ppm NaNO<sub>3</sub>.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPROPYLIRON Σ COMPLEXES BY DECARBONYLATION OF ACYL COMPLEXES (1983)

Abstract Die Cyclopropyleisen‐σ‐Komplexe (V) können in guten Ausbeuten durch Photode‐carbonylierung der entsprechenden Cyclopropanoyldicarbonyl‐η5‐cyclopentadienyl‐eisen‐Komplexe (III) dargestellt werden.
The Dielectric Response of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids:  Effect of Cation Variation (2007)

In continuation of recent work on the dielectric response of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) (J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 12682), we report on the effect of cation variation on the frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity up to 20 GHz of ionic liquids. The salts are comprised of pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, tetraalkylammonium, and triethylsulfonium cations combined with the bis-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide anion. The dielectric spectra resemble those observed for imidazolium salts with the same anion. In all cases, the major contribution results from a diffusive low-frequency response on the time scale of several 100 ps, which shows a broadly distributed kinetics similar to that of spatially heterogeneous states in supercooled and glassy systems rather than that observed in fluid systems. There is evidence for a weak secondary process near 10-20 ps. Perhaps the most interesting difference to imidazolium salts is founded in the missing portions of the spectra due to processes beyond the upper cutoff frequency of 20 GHz. These are lower than that observed for imidazolium-based salts and seem to vanish for tetraalkylammonium and triethylsulfonium salts. As for imidazolium salts, the extrapolated static dielectric constants are on the order of epsilon(S) congruent with 10-13, classifying these ILs as solvents of moderate polarity.
Inhibin and Activin: Their Roles in Ovarian Tumorigenesis and Their Diagnostic Utility in Surgical Pathology Practice (1999)

Bioactive inhibins (α plus β subunit) and activins (two β subunits) are related nonsteroidal dimeric proteins by virtue of their sharing two common β subunits. Initially, both inhibin and activin were believed to act exclusively as endocrine nonsteroid hormones. It soon became apparent that inhibin and activin subunits were expressed in a wide variety of gonadal and nongonadal tissues, suggesting that these peptides have other functions in addition to regulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Recently, inhibin α has been proposed to be a sex cord-stromal differentiation marker, and much interest has arisen regarding the roles of inhibin and activin in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of both ovarian epithelial and sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs). In this article, we briefly review the structure of bioactive inhibin and activin and their tissue distribution. We present the current opinion regarding the function of both inhibin and activin in the development of ovarian tumors. The important progress in the field is summarized. Considerable interest in the topic of inhibin has grown in the fields of surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry. After inhibin α was first reported as an immunohistochemical marker of granulosa cell tumors in 1995, many reports regarding the use of inhibin α as a sensitive diagnostic marker for gonadal SCSTs have been published. There is a need for a summary of current opinion for, among others, surgical pathologists, both in training and in practice. In general, immunohistochemical staining of inhibin α proves to be a valuable diagnostic marker for ovarian SCSTs, but caution should be paid in certain situations for the low specificity of inhibin tissue expression. The usefulness of inhibin α immunostaining in the diagnosis of ovarian SCSTs is summarized. The indications and limitations are also discussed.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia in Hospitalized Adult Patients with Leukemia (1995)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been demonstrated to be an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in adult bone marrow transplant recipients; however, its role in other immunocompromised adults has not been defined. We prospectively studied all adult patients with leukemia who were hospitalized at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) during a 1-year period (November 1993 through October 1994). During a 19-week period when RSV was prevalent in the community, it was isolated from 9 (10%) of 87 patients with leukemia who developed an acute respiratory illness. In 6 (75%) of 8 patients with profound chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, the RSV infection was complicated by pneumonia, with an 83% mortality rate. RSV appears to be an important cause of severe and often fatal pneumonia in myelosuppressed patients with leukemia.
Zoozbeat : A Gesture-Based Mobile Music Studio (2009)

ZooZBeat is a gesture-based mobile music studio. It is designed to provide users with expressive and creative access to music making on the go. ZooZBeat users shake the phone or tap the screen to enter notes. The result is quantized, mapped onto a musical scale, and looped. Users can then use tilt and shake movements to manipulate and share their creation in a group. Emphasis is placed on finding intuitive metaphors for mobile music creation and maintaining a balance between control and ease-of-use that allows non-musicians to begin creating music with the application immediately.
Water Compatible Conjugated Microporous Polyazulene Networks as Visible‐Light Photocatalysts in Aqueous Medium (2016)

Abstract A synthetic and modification method to obtain water‐compatible, visible‐light‐active, conjugated, microporous polyazulene networks as pure organic, highly stable, reusable, and heterogeneous photocatalysts in aqueous medium by a simple protonation method was investigated. The water compatibility and photocatalytic activity of the hydrophilic polyazulenes were demonstrated in the photoreduction reaction of Cr VI to Cr III for heavy‐metal‐contaminated waste‐water treatment. Furthermore, a light‐induced cascade reaction mechanism with the use of additional abundant metal cations such as Fe III or Cu II as co‐catalysts was also described. This design strategy could offer a clean and cost‐effective solution to obtain water‐compatible, pure organic, photoactive polymers with a broader potential for other applications in aqueous media under sustainable and environmentally friendly conditions.
Nutritional influence on the onset of renal damage due to long-term administration of cadmium in young and adult rats. (1977)

This study was conducted to examine the effects of certain nutritional variables on the onset of renal damage due to oral admini-stration of Cd, and to investigate its reversibility by dietary switch-over in female rats during an observation period of 7 months. Four dietary regimens were adopted: Two basal diets, including a multi-nutritionally deficient diet (10% protein, 0.05% Ca, 0.14% P and no fiber) (designated L) and a normal balanced stock diet (designated N); each diet was fed with and without the addition of Cd 200ppm, and then the 4 diets were designated L (-), N (-), L (+) and N (+). (+) indicates the addition of Cd, while (-) is without addition of Cd. In comparison with the N (+) group, rats fed the L (+) diet for 7 months revealed the following distinct characteristics: 1) Marked growth re-tardation due mainly to decreases in food intake and food efficiency (Cd-induced protein-calorie malnutrition). 2) Marked depilation, general or localized, due to abnormal behavior of biting and eating each other's hair. 3) Progressive increase in Cd output in urine, particularly five months after starting the dietary treatment, and an increased output of uri-nary protein. 4) Significant elevation of accumulated Cd in the kidney (and also in the liver). These observations were further supported by “switch-over” experiments, showing that the above-mentioned changes were reversed to normal when the L (+) diet was replaced by either the L (-) or even the N (+) diet, whereas the abnormal changes became evident when the diet was switched to the L (+) diet three months after the experiment. Moreover, renal ac-cumulation of Cd was remarkably increased in the L (+) group, in spite of much less Cd intake than in the N (+) group. These findings strongly suggest that nutritional factor(s) play an impor-Cant role in the early development of Cd poisoning, in particular in the development of renal damage, presumably due to enhanced input of Cd in the body.
A Targeted and Stable Polymeric Nanoformulation Enhances Systemic Delivery of mRNA to Tumors (2017)

The high vulnerability of mRNA necessitates the manufacture of delivery vehicles to afford adequate protection in the biological milieu. Here, mRNA was complexed with a mixture of cRGD-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polylysine (PLys) (thiol) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-PLys(thiol). The ionic complex core consisting of opposite-charged PLys and mRNA was crosslinked though redox-responsive disulfide linkage, thereby avoiding structural disassembly for exposure of mRNA to harsh biological environments. Furthermore, PNIPAM contributed to prolonged survival in systemic circulation by presenting a spatial barrier in impeding accessibility of nucleases, e.g., RNase, due to the thermo-responsive hydrophilic-hydrophobic transition behavior upon incubation at physiological temperature enabling translocation of PNIPAM from shell to intermediate barrier. Ultimately, the cRGD ligand attached to the formulation demonstrated improved tumor accumulation and potent gene expression, as manifested by virtue of facilitated cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. These results indicate promise for the utility of mRNA as a therapeutic tool for disease treatment.
Trefoil factor family peptides are increased in the saliva of children with mucositis (2011)

This study is the first to focus on trefoil peptides in paediatric saliva. It shows the correlation between TFF2, TFF3 and age in healthy children. Paediatric mucositis disease occurs in the presence of increased concentrations and an altered pattern of trefoil peptides.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Dienes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions (2008)

The synthesis of partly fluorinated 1,3- and 1,4-dienes by palladium-catalyzed coupling makes these compounds available on the laboratory scale. Several catalyst systems were tested to maximize the yields and minimize the by-products. The molecular structures of 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluorobutadiene, chloro(N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)(trifluorovinyl)zinc, PCy(2)R, and P(O)Cy(2)R (Cy=cyclohexyl, R=2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl) were elucidated by X-ray crystallography.
Preparation by suspension polymerization of porous beads for enzyme immobilization (1990)

Abstract Porous beads have been prepared by suspension polymerization of acrylic monomers and divinyl benzene in the presence of a porogen. The porosity varies greatly with the polymer composition, with the amount and type of porogen and with the conditions for the preparation. The enzyme binding capacity and activity has been determined for a lipase. The best results are found for crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) beads while other polyacrylates are less effective. Compositions based on poly(methacrylic acid) are not suitable for enzyme binding.