gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric birefringence relaxation spectroscopy of linear micelles in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solutions with sodium salicylate (1996)

The influence of sodium salicylate (NaSal) concentration on the linear micelle formation in an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is investigated by the frequency-domain electric birefringence relaxation spectroscopy (FEB method). The contour length L of linear micelles is found to increase with increasing NaSal concentration Cs but for further increase of Cs in excess of the CTAB concentration, L decreases, i.e., linear micelles break into shorter pieces. The FEB result indicates also that the diffusion constant of salicylate ions bound to a linear micelle is nearly independent of Cs with an average value smaller than that of free salicylate ions.
Does age matter? The impact of rodent age on study outcomes (2016)

Rodent models produce data which underpin biomedical research and non-clinical drug trials, but translation from rodents into successful clinical outcomes is often lacking. There is a growing body of evidence showing that improving experimental design is key to improving the predictive nature of rodent studies and reducing the number of animals used in research. Age, one important factor in experimental design, is often poorly reported and can be overlooked. The authors conducted a survey to assess the age used for a range of models, and the reasoning for age choice. From 297 respondents providing 611 responses, researchers reported using rodents most often in the 6-20 week age range regardless of the biology being studied. The age referred to as 'adult' by respondents varied between six and 20 weeks. Practical reasons for the choice of rodent age were frequently given, with increased cost associated with using older animals and maintenance of historical data comparability being two important limiting factors. These results highlight that choice of age is inconsistent across the research community and often not based on the development or cellular ageing of the system being studied. This could potentially result in decreased scientific validity and increased experimental variability. In some cases the use of older animals may be beneficial. Increased scientific rigour in the choice of the age of rodent may increase the translation of rodent models to humans.
The kappa-carrageenase of the marine bacterium Cytophaga drobachiensis. Structural and phylogenetic relationships within family-16 glycoside hydrolases (1998)

We report here cloning from the marine gliding bacterium Cytophaga drobachiensis of kappa-carrageenase, a glycoside hydrolase involved in the degradation of kappa-carrageenan. Structural features in the nucleotide sequence are pointed out, including the presence of an octameric omega sequence similar to the ribosome-binding sites of various eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The cgkA gene codes for a protein of 545 aa, with a signal peptide of 35 aa and a 229-aa-long posttranslationaly processed C-terminal domain. The enzyme displays the overall folding and catalytic domain characteristics of family 16 of glycoside hydrolases, which comprises other beta-1,4-alpha-1,3-D/L-galactan hydrolases, beta-1,3-D-glucan hydrolases (laminarinases), beta-1,4-1,3-D-glucan hydrolases (lichenases), and beta-1,4-D-xyloglucan endotransglycosylases. In order to address the origin and evolution of CgkA, a comprehensive phylogenetic tree of family 16 was built using parsimony analysis. Family-16 glycoside hydrolases cluster according to their substrate specificity, regardless of their phylogenetic distribution over eubacteria and eukaryotes. Such a topology suggests that the general homology between laminarinases, agarases, kappa-carrageenases, lichenases, and xyloglucan endotransglycosylases has arisen through gene duplication, likely from an ancestral protein with laminarinase activity.
β-Catenin Is Dispensable for Hematopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis (2004)

Beta-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling has been suggested to be critically involved in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and development of T and B cells in the immune system. Unexpectedly, here we report that inducible Cre-loxP-mediated inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in bone marrow progenitors does not impair their ability to self-renew and reconstitute all hematopoietic lineages (myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid), even in competitive mixed chimeras. In addition, both thymocyte survival and antigen-induced proliferation of peripheral T cells is beta-catenin independent. In contrast to earlier reports, these data exclude an essential role for beta-catenin during hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis.
Exploiting MPEG-7 texture descriptors for fast H.264 mode decision (2008)

A novel technique for exploring the use of indexing metadata in improving coding efficiency is proposed in this paper. The technique uses an MPEG-7 descriptor as the basis for a fast mode decision algorithm for H.264/AVC encoders. The descriptor is used to form homogenous clusters for each frame, within which limited available coding modes for each macroblock are defined. The coding mode of an already coded macroblock that belongs to the same cluster in the same frame as well as the statistics of the coding modes of similar clusters in previous frames, are used for limiting the range of available coding modes within each cluster. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve an average of 47% time-saving when compared to the full search method and 21% when compared to the fast mode decision algorithm employed in the JM12.2 reference H.264 software encoder. In both cases, results yield only a small degradation in rate-distortion performance and a negligible loss in subjective quality.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha maintains mouse articular cartilage through suppression of NF-κB signaling (2020)

HIF-1α, an essential transcription factor under hypoxic condition, is indispensable for chondrocytes during skeletal development but its expression and roles in articular chondrocytes are yet to be revealed. We examined HIF-1α protein expression and the hypoxic condition during mouse osteoarthritis (OA) development using state of the art hypoxic probes and found that its expression decreased as OA progressed, coinciding with the change in hypoxic conditions in articular cartilage. Gain- and loss-of-function of HIF-1α in cell culture experiments showed that HIF-1α suppressed catabolic genes such as Mmp13 and Hif2a. We confirmed these anticatabolic effects by measuring glycosaminoglycan release from wild type and conditional knock-out mice femoral heads cultured ex vivo. We went on to surgically induce OA in mice with chondrocyte-specific deletion of Hif1a and found that the development of OA was exacerbated. Increased expression of catabolic factors and activation of NF-κB signalling was clearly evident in the knock-out mice. By microarray analysis, C1qtnf3 was identified as a downstream molecule of HIF-1α, and experiments showed it exerted anti-catabolic effects through suppression of NF-κB. We conclude that HIF-1α has an anti-catabolic function in the maintenance of articular cartilage through suppression of NF-κB signalling.
Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage with Embedded Heat Pipes for Concentrating Solar Power Applications (2012)

An innovative, novel concept of combining heat pipes with latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications is explored. The low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) used in LHTES presents a design challenge due to slow heat transfer rates during heating and cooling of the material. Heat pipes act to decrease the thermal resistance in the PCM, increasing the overall heat transfer rate sufficiently for use in CSP. First, a laboratory scale experiment is presented to validate the concept of using heat pipes in LHTES to reduce thermal resistance in PCM. A commercial scale LHTES with embedded gravity assisted heat pipes is then modeled and a cost analysis is conducted to determine competitiveness with other forms of thermal energy storage currently used in the CSP industry.\nLHTES utilizing heat pipes or fins is investigated experimentally. Photographic observations, melting and solidification rates, and PCM energy storage quantities are reported. A variable, heat pipe effectiveness, is defined and used to quantify the relative performance of heat pipe-assisted and fin-assisted configurations to situations involving neither heat pipes nor fins. For the experimental conditions of this study, inclusion of heat pipes increases PCM melting rates by approximately 60%, while the fins are not as effective. During solidification, the heat pipe-assisted configuration transfers approximately twice the energy between a heat transfer fluid and the PCM, relative to both the fin-assisted LHTES and the non-heat pipe, non-fin configurations.\nSecondly, an economic evaluation of a LHTES system for large scale CSP applications is conducted. The concept of embedding gravity-assisted wickless heat pipes (thermosyphons) within a commercial-scale LHTES system is explored through use of a thermal network model. A new design is proposed for charging and discharging a large-scale LHTES system. The size and cost of the LHTES system is estimated and compared with a two-tank sensible heat energy storage (SHTES) system. The results suggest that LHTES with embedded thermosyphons is economically competitive with current SHTES technology, with the potential to reduce capital costs by at least 15%. Further investigation of different PCMs, thermosyphon working fluids, and system configurations has the potential to lead to designs that can further reduce capital costs beyond those reported in this study.
Hyper Mochi Sheet (1999)

Multi-focus distortion-oriented views are useful in viewing large information on a small screen, but still have problems in managing multiple foci during editing. The user may have to navigate information space by focusing and defocusing multiple parts to obtain multi-focus layouts that change according to various editing situations. As a result, it becomes haphazard to navigate and edit large nested networks such as hypertexts. We propose a user interface for quickly obtaining desirable layouts. The interface uses two techniques: focus size prediction and predictive focus selection. These techniques are based on a user test and experiences in applications. We also describe two example applications.
High expression of RNA-binding motif protein 3 in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma correlates with intestinal metaplasia-associated tumours and independently predicts a reduced risk of recurrence and death (2014)

High expression of RBM3 may signify a subset of upper gastrointestinal cancers arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia and independently predicts a reduced risk of recurrence and death in patients with these cancer forms. These findings are of potential clinical utility and merit further validation.
Lymphoma regression induced by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies correlates with their ability to induce Ig signal transduction and is not prevented by tumor expression of high levels of bcl-2 protein (1994)

Custom-made monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-Id MoAbs) have been tested as a treatment modality in 34 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Partial or complete tumor remissions have been induced with this treatment in 68% of these patients. One mechanism by which anti- idiotype antibodies may have induced these tumor responses is via a direct antiproliferative effect on the tumor cells, resulting in apoptosis. Primary NHL cells do not proliferate well enough in vitro to test this hypothesis directly. Therefore, we studied the effect of anti-idiotype antibodies on signal transduction through the surface Ig receptor as measured by the induction of cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation. To assess whether bcl-2 protein could protect lymphoma cells from death induced by anti-Id MoAb, we also measured the level of bcl-2 protein in the same tumor cells. We found a strong correlation between the ability of an anti-Id MoAb to induce an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro and its ability to induce a tumor regression in the patient. By contrast, the level of bcl-2 expressed by the tumor cells was not correlated with clinical response to anti-Id MoAb treatment.
Efficient Synthesis of a Porphyrin−N-Tripod Conjugate with Covalently Linked Proximal Ligand:  Toward New-Generation Active-Site Models of Cytochrome c Oxidase (1999)

[formula: see text] A new-generation cytochrome c oxidase active-site model compound (4) featuring both a trisimidazolyl moiety and a proximal base has been designed and efficiently synthesized. During this study, a facile method based on the chemistry of a 4-magnesioimidazole derivative to synthesize 4-imidazolyl-containing tripodal ligands (7) has been developed.
Di-lanthanide encapsulated into large fullerene C100: a DFT survey (2011)

Quantum chemical calculations combined with statistical thermodynamic computations expose the electronic structure and high thermodynamic stability of Dy(2)@C(100), a D(5)-symmetric endohedral metallofullerene.
Growth factor receptors and prostate cell growth. (1991)

Five major growth factor families and their receptors have been implicated in prostate cell growth. The regulation of expression of individual members of individual families and their aberrant expression are candidates for causal factors underlying normal prostate development, androgen regulated compensatory growth of prostate and prostate pathologies (BPH and cancer). Despite the fact that prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy in Western countries and second only to lung cancer in black American males, the cellular and molecular biology of growth factor and receptor action in prostate is a relatively neglected area of study. The characterization of individual growth factors and receptors in progressing rapidly and provides the molecular basis to establish which factors by what mechanism underlie progressive prostate malignancies.
High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping for Developing Novel Biostimulants: From Lab to Field or From Field to Lab? (2018)

Plant biostimulants which include bioactive substances (humic acids, protein hydrolysates and seaweed extracts) and microorganisms (mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria of strains belonging to the genera <i>Azospirillum</i>, <i>Azotobacter</i>, and <i>Rhizobium</i> spp.) are gaining prominence in agricultural systems because of their potential for improving nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stressors, and crop quality. Highly accurate non-destructive phenotyping techniques have attracted the interest of scientists and the biostimulant industry as an efficient means for elucidating the mode of biostimulant activity. High-throughput phenotyping technologies successfully employed in plant breeding and precision agriculture, could prove extremely useful in unraveling biostimulant-mediated modulation of key quantitative traits and would also facilitate the screening process for development of effective biostimulant products in controlled environments and field conditions. This perspective article provides an innovative discussion on how small, medium, and large high-throughput phenotyping platforms can accelerate efforts for screening numerous biostimulants and understanding their mode of action thanks to pioneering sensor and image-based phenotyping techniques. Potentiality and constraints of small-, medium-, and large-scale screening platforms are also discussed. Finally, the perspective addresses two screening approaches, "lab to field" and "field to lab," used, respectively, by small/medium and large companies for developing novel and effective second generation biostimulant products.
Personal Experience with Four Kinds of Chemical Structure Drawing Software: Review on ChemDraw, ChemWindow, ISIS/Draw, and ChemSketch (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePersonal Experience with Four Kinds of Chemical Structure Drawing Software: Review on ChemDraw, ChemWindow, ISIS/Draw, and ChemSketchZhenjiang Li, Honggui Wan, Yuhu Shi, and Pingkai OuyangView Author Information College of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830008, ChinaCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 2004, 44, 5, 1886–1890Publication Date (Web):August 7, 2004Publication History Received24 June 2004Published online7 August 2004Published inissue 1 September 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci049794hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ci049794hresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2909Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Genetics,Interfaces,Molecular structure,Software Get e-Alerts
Presence of Endoarterial Dispositives Regulating Retinal Blood Circulation (1978)

We have observed for the first time some pedunculated blocking formations of the central retinal artery. Their function could be to regulate retinal blood perfusion.
Quantitation of acidosis in neonatal brain tissue using the 31P NMR resonance peak of phosphoethanolamine (1988)

31P NMR brain spectra were obtained from piglets over a range of mild hypocarbia to severe hypercarbia (PaCO225 to 198 mm Hg). The chemical shifts of the phosphoethanolamine and inorganic phosphate were used to calculate intracellular brain pH (pHet and pHpi, respectively). Both pHpi and pHet underwent parallel significant decreases during hypercarbia, corresponding to 51 and 53% pHregulation, respectively. We conclude that the chemical shift of the phosphomonoester peak in vivo can be used to measure decreases in intracellular pH in neonatal brain.
Allodynia-like effects in rat after ischaemic spinal cord injury photochemically induced by laser irradiation (1991)

We report behaviours suggesting the presence of allodynia elicited by non-noxious brushing and mechanical pressure following photochemically induced ischaemic spinal cord injury in the rat. Female rats were intravenously injected with Erythrosin B and the T10 vertebra was irradiated with a laser beam for 1, 5 or 10 min. These procedures initiated an intravascular photochemical reaction, resulting in ischaemic spinal cord injury. After irradiation a clear allodynia was observed in most rats. The animals vocalized intensely to light touch during gentle handling and were clearly agitated to light brushing of the flanks. The vocalization threshold in response to the mechanical pressure measured with von Frey hairs was markedly decreased during this period. In some animals the existence of spontaneous pain was suggested by spontaneous vocalization. The duration of the allodynia varied among animals from several hours to several days. The severity and duration of allodynia seemed not to be related to the duration of irradiation. In sham-operated rats a slight, transient allodynia was also noted around the wound within a few hours after surgery, which was effectively relieved by systemic morphine (2 mg/kg, i.p.). Morphine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) also partially relieved the allodynia in spinally injured rats 4 h after irradiation. However, morphine, even at a higher dose (5 mg/kg, i.p.), failed to alleviate the allodynia in spinally injured rats 24-48 h after the injury. Systemic injection of the GABAB agonist baclofen (0.01-0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not the GABAA agonist muscimol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), effectively relieved allodynia during this period. Pretreatment with guanethidine 24 h and just prior to the irradiation (20 mg/kg, s.c.) did not prevent the occurrence of allodynia in spinal cord injured rats. The present observation is the first to show that ischaemic spinal cord injury could result in cutaneous mechanical allodynia. This phenomenon is resistant to morphine and may not involve the sympathetic system. Histological examination of allodynic animals 3 days after spinal cord injury revealed considerable morphological damage in the dorsal spinal cord of a rat irradiated for 5 min. The related dorsal roots were also slightly affected in this animal, while the dorsal root ganglia were normal. However, in rats irradiated for 1 min, despite the existence of strong allodynia, no damage could be found at this time in the spinal cord, dorsal roots or dorsal root ganglia. It is suggested that functional deficits in the GABAB system in the spinal cord may be related to this allodynia-like phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Comparative Study of Two RVE Modelling Methods for Chopped Carbon Fiber SMC (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To advance vehicle lightweighting, chopped carbon fiber sheet molding compound (SMC) is identified as a promising material to replace metals. However, there are no effective tools and methods to predict the mechanical property of the chopped carbon fiber SMC due to the high complexity in microstructure features and the anisotropic properties. In this paper, a Representative Volume Element (RVE) approach is used to model the SMC microstructure. Two modeling methods, the Voronoi diagram-based method and the chip packing method, are developed to populate the RVE. The elastic moduli of the RVE are calculated and the two methods are compared with experimental tensile test conduct using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Furthermore, the advantages and shortcomings of these two methods are discussed in terms of the required input information and the convenience of use in the integrated processing-microstructure-property analysis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;