gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Pulsed Fiber Ring Laser Using Photonic Crystal Fiber (2018)

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a mode locked fiber ring laser with the implementation of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to generate pulse train at high speed. This fiber ring laser combines rational harmonic mode locking based on a Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator and nonlinear polarization rotation from a highly nonlinear PCF. By fine tuning of the modulation frequency and the polarization controllers in the cavity, a 30 GHz pulse train with pulse width 1.9 ps is generated. Without the PCF, the pulse width at 30 GHz from the rational harmonic mode locking is 5.8 ps. We also conduct numerical simulations of the pulse evolution, which shows good agreements of the experimental results.
Metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with glucocorticoid resistance in pregnant African-American women (2020)

Glucocorticoid resistance (GR) is associated with exposure to chronic stress and an increased risk of metabolic and inflammatory disorders in both animal and human populations. Studies on ethnic disparities highlight the African-American (AA) population as having a high propensity to both GR and chronic stress exposure. Glucocorticoids and inflammation play a very important role in pregnancy outcome and fetal development. To date, however, the metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR during pregnancy have not been identified, obscuring the mechanisms by which adverse health consequences arise, and thus impeding targeted therapeutic intervention. The objective of this study was to perform untargeted high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling on 273 pregnant AA women, to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR during the first trimester of pregnancy and to evaluate their cross-sectional association with birth outcomes and psychosocial variables related to chronic stress exposure. For this study, GR was determined by the concentration of dexamethasone required for 50% inhibition (Dex IC50) of the cytokine tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release <i>in vitro</i> in response to a standard dose of lipopolysaccharide. The results for Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for serum metabolic associations with Dex IC50, showed energy (nicotinamide and TCA cycle), amino acid, and glycosphingolipid metabolism as top altered pathways. Bioinformatic analysis showed that GR, as indicated by elevated Dex IC50 in the pregnant women, was associated with increased inflammatory metabolites, oxidative stress related metabolites, increased demand for functional amino acids to support growth and development, and disruption in energy-related metabolites. If confirmed in future studies, targeting these physiologically significant metabolites and metabolic pathways may lead to future assessment and intervention strategies to prevent inflammatory and metabolic complications observed in pregnant populations.
Monitoring Acute Compartment Pressures with the S.T.I.C. Catheter (1984)

A new solid-state transducer intracompartment (S.T.I.C.) catheter, combining a multiperforated polyethylene tip with a solid-state transducer, was developed to measure intracompartmental pressures. Its performance characteristics were compared with those of a conventional pressure-monitoring system. In animal and human studies, comparison of the S.T.I.C. catheter with a conventional pressure-monitoring system demonstrated satisfactory correspondence over a wide pressure range (0-100 mm Hg) and a prolonged monitoring period (12-16 hours). As well as being functionally superior to the conventional systems (wick, continuous infusion, slit), the S.T.I.C. catheter is easier to assemble, calibrate, maintain, and interpret. The S.T.I.C. is recommended as a diagnostic aid in both acute and chronic compartment syndromes.
Preparation of Immunoconjugates Using Antibody Oligosaccharide Moieties (2004)

Heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents are small molecular weight chemicals containing two different reactive groups that have become important tools in generating conjugates of two different biomolecules, such as two proteins. The resulting bioconjugates are hybrid molecules or proteins, a new category of biomolecules that exhibit the combined functions of the two parent biomolecules. An important category of hybrid proteins are conjugates of antibodies with other effector molecules, such as drugs or toxins. These antibody conjugates or immunoconjugates have a variety of the applications in medicine, with particular emphasis on the treatment of cancer. The most commonly used heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents for the synthesis of antibody conjugates contain an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester moiety, which allows derivatization of amino groups in proteins. The chemical modification of a functionally important amino group in the antigen-binding region of an antibody causes impairment or loss of the antigen binding function, resulting in a defective antibody conjugate that lacks one of its component functions. Furthermore, even if the chemical derivatization does not affect the antigen binding function, the subsequent coupling of an effector protein at or near the antigen-binding region can also cause the loss of the antigen binding function for steric reasons. In this chapter, heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents are described that allow the generation of antibody conjugates where the effector proteins are coupled to the antibody carbohydrate moieties. Because antibody carbohydrate moieties are distal from the antigen-binding region, the use of carbohydrate-directed heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents, such as S-(2-thiopyridyl)-L-cysteine hydrazide (TPCH), prevents inactivation of the antigen-binding function. The synthesis of two carbohydrate-directed heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents is described. Coupling protocols for the preparation of antibody conjugates with effector proteins of different sizes using carbohydrate-directed heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents are also provided.
Smart Projectiles: Design Guidelines and Development Process Keys to Success (2010)

Abstract : The design of smart projectiles and their components is unique among ordnance design. Because of the unique nature of smart projectile programs, traditional methods of program management must be augmented by a strong understanding of the technical issues. The differences between conventional ammunition programs and smart projectiles are compared. Modeling and simulation techniques, as well as specific technical issues, are discussed. These are an inherent part of any successful smart projectile program. Specifics on watch items are given as are suggestions on proper focus of the development effort. The paper is seeded throughout with lessons learned from several major smart projectile programs and approached from the perspective of the projectile manager, system developer, and technical staff.
Stone−Wales Defects in Single-Walled Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Formation Energies, Electronic Structures, and Reactivity (2008)

The geometries, formation energies, electronic properties, and reactivities of Stone−Wales (SW) defects in single-walled (8,0) boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were investigated by means of gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) computations. SW defects deform BNNTs severely and result in local curvature changes at defect sites. The energies of defect formation increase with increasing tube diameters and are orientation dependent. Depending on the SW defect orientations, additions to central 7-7 ring fusions can be either more or less favorable than to defect-free sites. The reaction energies of model H2 addition are mostly endothermic for defective as well as pristine BNNTs, but reactions at the most favorable sites near SW defect (homoelement N−N bonds followed by the B−B bond sites) are exothermic. This and the fact that the band structures of BNNTs are only slightly changed by SW and vacancy defects as well as by chemical additions at low modification ratios endow BNNTs with great applicati...
Dietary methionine and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio reduce adverse effects of infectious bursal disease in broilers (2012)

This study was carried out to investigate the modulatory effects of dietary methionine and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio on immune response and performance of infectious bursal disease (IBD)-challenged broiler chickens. In total, 350 one-day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to 1 of the 6 dietary treatment groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were 3 n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (45, 5.5, and 1.5) and 2 levels of methionine (NRC recommendation and twice NRC recommendation). The results showed that birds fed with dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 5.5 had higher BW, lower feed intake, and superior FCR than other groups. However, the highest antibody response was observed in birds with dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 1.5. Lowering n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio reduced bursa lesion score equally in birds fed with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 5.5 and 1.5. Supplementation of methionine by twice the recommendation also improved FCR and reduced feed intake and bursa lesion score. However, in this study, the optimum performance (as measured by BW, feed intake, and FCR) did not coincide with the optimum immune response (as measured by antibody titer). It seems that dietary n-3 PUFA modulates the broiler chicken performance and immune response in a dose-dependent but nonlinear manner. Therefore, it can be suggested that a balance of moderate level of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (5.5) and methionine level (twice recommendation) might enhance immune response together with performance in IBD-challenged broiler chickens.
Early Y chromosome lineages in Africa: the origin and dispersal of Homo sapiens (2011)

Capelli, Cristian et al.-- Supplement: Program of the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
Knock-Limit Measurement in High-Speed S. l. Engines (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A measurement method to detect the knock-resistance and, especially, the knock-limited conditions of high-speed s. i. engines is described.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two instruments are used in conjunction: the first instrument measures a knock intensity index I. D. related to knock-typical pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber; the second instrument detects the knock-limited conditions in real time, by means of I. D.. This latter instrument, which can be properly used as a knock-limit detector in operating-parameter control systems for automotive engines, is analyzed in detail. Its operating principles, based on statistical criteria, are here described and have been extensively verified by means of experimental tests.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The checking tests carried out at high speed, both on an automotive engine which was mass-produced and on an automotive engine prototype, are described. The knock resistance of the prototype, in its whole working range, is then analyzed.&lt;/div&gt;
DNA Barcoding of Marine Copepods: Assessment of Analytical Approaches to Species Identification (2014)

More than 2,500 species of copepods (Class Maxillopoda; Subclass Copepoda) occur in the marine planktonic environment. The exceptional morphological conservation of the group, with numerous sibling species groups, makes the identification of species challenging, even for expert taxonomists. Molecular approaches to species identification have allowed rapid detection, discrimination, and identification of species based on DNA sequencing of single specimens and environmental samples. Despite the recent development of diverse genetic and genomic markers, the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene remains a useful and - in some cases - unequaled diagnostic character for species-level identification of copepods. This study reports 800 new barcode sequences for 63 copepod species not included in any previous study and examines the reliability and resolution of diverse statistical approaches to species identification based upon a dataset of 1,381 barcode sequences for 195 copepod species. We explore the impact of missing data (i.e., species not represented in the barcode database) on the accuracy and reliability of species identifications. Among the tested approaches, the best close match analysis resulted in accurate identification of all individuals to species, with no errors (false positives), and out-performed automated tree-based or BLAST based analyses. This comparative analysis yields new understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of DNA barcoding and confirms the value of DNA barcodes for species identification of copepods, including both individual specimens and bulk samples. Continued integrative morphological-molecular taxonomic analysis is needed to produce a taxonomically-comprehensive database of barcode sequences for all species of marine copepods.
Detecting Vulnerable Road Users Utilizing the Harmonic RCS of Active Tags at 79/158 GHz (2023)

Vulnerable road users have not been able to benefit equally from the improved traffic safety supported by automotive sensors. In 2020 this culminated in traffic fatality highs of more than 30-years for pedestrians, motor, and pedal cyclists. Regarding radar sensors, vulnerable road users suffer from a lower RCS compared to other vehicles like cars and busses. Accordingly, their detection is more challenging, especially while being surrounded by those vehicles, as is common in city traffic. Therefore we have presented a harmonic radar system which allows for tag based detection inside of a seperate receive channel. In this work we present fundamental and harmonic RCS measurements of a bicycle equipped with the tag, to allow for the comparison to other approaches. While its fundamental RCS is exceeded by large metal objects, the harmonic RCS increases with range, as long as the tag is saturated. Thanks to the clutter-free receive channel, even a relatively small level, which is determined by the tag's saturated output power, is sufficient for detection.
MMP-9 mediates colitis associated cancer in mice through Notch-1 via p53 activation (2011)

and intestinal inflammation. Since colonic inflammation is also associated with lower luminal pH, we chose to study two other members of the stress response regulon that encode enzymes important for bacterial fitness in acidic environments, gadA and B. We hypothesized that bacterial gadAB upregulation during colitis enhances survival and virulence of commensal E. coli. METHODS: WT and KO mice were monoassociated with a commensal E. coli strain (NC101) or an isogenic mutant strain lacking gadAB (NC101DgadAB). Bacterial density in luminal contents was measured using dilution plating. Cecal bacterial gadAB expression was measured using real-time PCR, histological inflammation was quantified using a validated scoring system, and spontaneous secretion of IL-12/23p40 from intestinal explant cultures was assessed using ELISA. Antigen-specific T-cell responses in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cultures stimulated with NC101 lysate were assessed by measuring IFNc secretion in culture supernatant using ELISA. RESULTS: During the first 2 weeks of monoassociation, prior to onset of histological inflammation, relative gadAB expression is higher in NC101 from WT than KO mice (7.5 vs. 1.2, p0.042). However, at later time points, when aggressive histological inflammation is present in KO mice, expression of gadAB is lower in NC101 from WT mice compared to KO (2.51 vs 9.34 p0.009). KO mice monoassociated with NC101DgadAB paradoxically exhibited increased bacterial concentrations in luminal contents, histological inflammation scores in the colon, spontaneous secretion of IL12/23p40 from intestinal explants, and IFNc secretion in stimulated MLN cultures compared to KO mice monoassociated with parental NC101. CONCLUSIONS: The E. coli stress response genes, gadAB, are differentially regulated in a bimodal fashion during the early phases of experimental colitis and, similar to ibpAB, are paradoxically associated with decreased bacterial densities and immune responses in KO mice. Further investigation of the impact of the E. coli stress response regulon on the development of colitis is warranted and will provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of IBD.
Cell membrane potential oscillations induced by kinins in fibroblasts expressing the Ha-ras oncogene. (1992)

In NIH-3T3 fibroblasts expressing the ras oncogene (+ras) bradykinin (BK) elicits sustained oscillations (1/min) of cell membrane potential (PD) due to oscillations of intracellular calcium activity with subsequent activation of calcium sensitive K+ channels. In NIH-3T3 fibroblasts not expressing the oncogene (-ras), BK leads to a single transient hyperpolarization of the cell membrane, not followed by oscillations. The oscillations of cell membrane potential require the presence of extracellular calcium and are abolished by K+ channel blocker barium (1 mmol/l), as well as by calcium channel blockers cadmium (1 mmol/l), lanthanum (0.1 mmol/l) and nifedipine (10 mumol/l). However, the oscillations are not modified by 1 mumol/l nifedipine, or by other calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil (10 mumol/l) or diltiazem (10 mumol/l). Cell proliferation is inhibited by nifedipine (10 mumol/l) but not by verapamil or diltiazem, indicating that the oscillations of intracellular calcium are a prerequisite for the growth factor independent proliferation of ras oncogene expressing cells.
13 ans de lutte contre les tms (2017)

Dans le réseau transport public de Clermont-Ferrand, une équipe syndicale est aux prises avec un nouveau mode de transport, un tramway sur pneus. Pendant plus de treize ans, d’expertises en conflits, ils instruisent progressivement la question de l’intervention des salariés dans la conception d’un poste de travail qui se révèle pathogène, avec huit maladies professionnelles reconnues en moins de cinq ans d’exploitation. On se rend compte que, pour modifier un poste de travail, cela suppose de sortir de l’entreprise pour pouvoir mieux réfléchir aux questions posées localement. L’appartenance à une Fédération syndicale constitue alors une ressource pour articuler rapport de forces et rapport au savoir. Mais, il s’agit aussi de sortir de l’entreprise pour empêcher un projet d’externalisation de la gestion qui rendrait encore plus difficile la transformation des conditions de travail. Enfin, surtout, il faut gagner cette lutte. Mais cette victoire ne suffit pas, il faut alors recomposer le jeu d’acteurs pour mettre toutes les parties prenantes autour d’une même table et parvenir à mener à bien le projet de transformation du poste de conduite.
Polyurethane Sealants (2014)

Polyurethane sealants are used in many high-volume applications such as construction and automotive. This volume provides an in-depth, illustrated survey of both the technology and applications. The detailed information will be useful to all those involved in the research, development, processing, evaluation and use of sealants for high-volume applications.
Forestry on the Scottish Border Hills (1963)

The physical conditions of the Border hills are briefly described. The general problems of both private and State-owned woodlands are discussed; in particular those of afforestation of peat areas and the danger of windblow. Future management and regeneration is considered and the probable methods to be used are suggested.
Time-Integrated Evidence for Superfluorescence from Dense Electron-Hole Magneto-Plasmas in Semiconductor Quantum Wells (2006)

Cooperative spontaneous recombination (superfluorescence) of electron-hole plasmas in semiconductors has been a challenge to observe due to ultrafast decoherence. We argue that superfluorescence can be achieved in quantum-confined semiconductor systems and present experimental evidence for superfluorescence from high-density photoexcited electron-hole plasmas in quantum wells under high magnetic fields (&gt; 20 T). At a critical magnetic field strength and excitation fluence, we observe a clear transition in the band-edge photoluminescence from omnidirectional output to a randomly directed but highly collimated beam. Changes in the linewidth, carrier density, and magnetic field scaling of the emission spectra correlate precisely with the onset of random directionality and are consistent with cooperative recombination. We further investigate the effects of spot size, temperature, and excitation geometry on the emission properties.
Robust regularized tomographic imaging with convex projections (2005)

A robust method for tomographic image reconstruction from limited-angle noisy measurements is proposed which builds upon a combination of regularization theory and the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS). Two specific formulations of the proposed method, namely, Tikhonov-POCS and TV-POCS, are introduced and investigated. A statistical framework is developed that provides insight into the behavior of the two algorithms. The inclusion of a reference image is approached by either a coarse reconstruction or a model generated background image. The method is validated in the context of simulations for the reconstruction of highly structured images from partial projections. Results demonstrate significant improvement over conventional regularization methods in situations where the conventional techniques are inadequate.
Labeling and Isolation of Plasma Membranes from Corn Leaf Protoplasts (1980)

A plasma membrane-enriched fraction has been isolated from corn leaf mesophyll protoplasts and its identity confirmed with the aid of an external label, diazotized [(125)I]iodosulfanilic acid. Gentle cell disruption enabled internal organelles to be maintained intact and thus facilitated separation from the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane-enriched fraction was devoid of chloroplast or mitochondrial markers, whereas markers for the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi indicated minimal contamination. The highly enriched plasma membrane fraction contained a Mg(2+)-dependent, K(+)-stimulated ATPase with a pH optimum near neutrality. The position of the membranes on sucrose density gradients indicates that the plasma membranes have characteristics similar to other plasma membrane fractions.
DCAS-based concurrent deques (2000)

The computer industry is currently examining the use of strong synchronization operations such as double compare-and-swap (DCAS) as a means of supporting non-blocking synchronization on tomorrow's multiprocessor machines. However, before such a strong primitive will be incorporated into hardware design, its utility needs to be proven by developing a body of effective non-blocking data structures using DCAS.As part of this effort, we present two new linearizable non-blocking implementations of concurrent deques using the DCAS operation. The first uses an array representation, and improves on former algorithms by allowing uninterrupted concurrent access to both ends of the deque while correctly handling the difficult boundary cases when the deque is empty or full. The second uses a linked-list representation, and is the first non-blocking unbounded-memory deque implementation. It too allows uninterrupted concurrent access to both ends of the deque.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Natural β‐Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist MY336‐a: Synthesis of a 3‐Dehydroxymethyl Analogue. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.