gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Watermarking of MPEG-2 video in compressed domain using VLC mapping (2005)

In this work we propose a new algorithm for fragile, high capacity yet file-size preserving watermarking of MPEG-2 streams. Watermarking is done entirely in the compressed domain, with no need for full or even partial decompression. The algorithm is based on a previously developed concept of VLC mapping for compressed domain watermarking. The entropy-coded segment of the video is first parsed out and then analyzed in pairs. It is recognized that there are VLC pairs that never appear together in any intra-coded block. The list of unused pairs is systematically generated by the intersection of trees. One of the trees is generated from the main VLC table given in ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000 standard. The other trees are dynamically generated for each intra coded blocks. Forcing one VLC pairs in a block to one of the unused ones generates a watermark block. The change is done while maintaining run/level change to a minimum. At the decoder, the main pair tree is created offline using publicly available VLC tables. Through a secure key exchange, the indices to unused code pairs are communicated to the receiver. We show that the watermarked video is reasonably resistant to forgery attacks and remains secure to watermark detection attempts.
Er doping of AlN during growth by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (1996)

The doping of AlN during growth by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy with an Er effusion source has resulted in AlN:Er films exhibiting strong room-temperature 1.54 μm photoluminescence (PL). The luminescence detected in the AlN:Er grown during this study was orders of magnitude greater in intensity than that from ion-implanted samples and represents the first demonstration of strong emission from rare-earth doped, epitaxial group III nitrides. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to verify a dynamic range for this doping technique of 3×1017–2×1021 Er cm−3 with varying effusion cell temperature. The effects of growth temperature on Er incorporation and segregation behavior were also determined. PL studies, including room-temperature and thermal quenching experiments, were conducted.
A Study of the Matter of SPH Application to Saturated Soil Problems (2015)

We present an application of SPH to saturated soilproblems. Herein, the standard SPH formulation was improved to model saturated soil. It is shown that the proposed formulation could yield several advantages such as: it takes into account the pore-water pressure in an accurate manner, it automatically satisfies the dynamics boundary conditions between submerged soil and water, and it reduced the computational cost. Discussions on the use of the standard and the new SPH formulations are also given through some numerical tests. Furthermore, some techniques to obtained correct SPH solution are also proposed and discussed. To the end, this paper suggests that the proposed SPH formulation should be considered as the basic formulation for further developments of SPH for soil-water couple problems
Response compaction with any number of unknowns using a new LFSR architecture (2005)

This paper presents a new test response compaction technique with any number of unknown logic values (X's) in the test response bits. The technique leverages an X-tolerant response compactor (X-compact), and forces X's that are not tolerated by X-Compact to known values. The data required to designate the X's not tolerated by the X-compactor, also called mask data, is stored in a compressed format on the tester and decompressed on-chip. We applied this technique to four industrial designs and obtained 26-fold to 60-fold reduction in test response data volume with no or minimal impact on test quality.
LTCC/PZT accelerometer in SMD package (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop the device made of low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) by co-firing both materials. In the paper, the technology and properties of a miniature uniaxial ceramic accelerometer are presented. Design/methodology/approach – Finite element method (FEM) is applied to predict properties of the sensor vs main dimensions of the sensor. The LTCC process is applied during manufacturing of the device. All the advantages of the technology are taken into account during designing three-dimensional structure of the sensor. The sensitivity and resonant frequency of the accelerometer are measured. Real material parameters of PZT are estimated according to measurement results and FEM simulations. Findings – The ceramic sensor integrated with SMD package with outer dimensions of 5 × 5 × 5 mm3 is manufactured. The accelerometer exhibits sensitivity of 0.75 pC/g measured at 100 Hz. The resonant frequency is equal to about 2 kHz. Useful frequency range is limited by 3 dB sensitivity change at about 1 kHz. Research limitations/implications – Sensitivity of the device is limited by interaction between LTCC and PZT materials during co-firing process. The estimated d parameters are ten times worse comparing to bulk Pz27 material. Further research on materials compatibility should be carried out. Practical implications – The sensor can be easily integrated into various devices made of standard electronic printed circuit boards (PCBs). Applied method of direct integration of piezoelectric transducers with LTCC material enables manufacturing of complex ceramic systems with built-in accelerometer in the substrate. Originality/value – The accelerometer is a sensor and a package simultaneously. The miniature ceramic device is compatible with surface mounting technology; hence, it can be used directly on PCBs for vibration monitoring inside electronic devices and systems.
Peek Into the Future of Education Using Glass (2015)

Glass, an everyday material found in every home and school, now finds new life as part of some of the most cutting-edge technology available. Through their invention of Gorilla Glass®, Corning Glass Works has introduced a new type of glass that is both stronger and thinner. The enhanced glass finds new life in interactive glass walls, collaborative worktables, and even augmented reality glasses. As glass technology moves from the stuff of futuristic fantasy into actuality, the possibilities for its use in the world of education are numerous.
Derivation of class II force fields. VI. Carbohydrate compounds and anomeric effects (1998)

The methodology for deriving class II force fields has been applied to acetal, hemiacetal, and carbohydrate compounds. A set of eighteen model compounds containing one or more anomeric centers was selected for generating the quantum mechanical energy surface, from which the force field was derived and the functional form assessed. The quality of the fit was tested by comparing the energy surface predicted by the force field with ab initio results. Structural, energetic, and dynamic properties (vibrational frequencies) were analyzed. In addition, alpha and beta anomeric equilibrium structures and energies of 2-methoxytetrahydropyran, 2-deoxyribose, and glucose were computed at the HF/6-31G* and higher ab initio levels. These calculations provide test data from molecules outside the training set used to derive the force field. The quantum calculations were used to assess the ability of the class II force field and two quadratic diagonal (class I) force fields, CVFF, and Homans' extension of the AMBER force field, to account for the anomeric effects on the structural and energetic properties of carbohydrate systems. These class I force fields are unable to account for observed structural and energetic trends, exhibiting deviations as large as 5 kcal/mol in relative energies. The class II force field, on the other hand, is shown to reproduce anomeric structural as well as energetic differences. An energy component analysis of this force field shows that the anomeric differences are dominated by torsional energies, although coupling terms, especially angle/torsion, also make significant contributions (roughly 1 kcal/mol in glucose). In addition, the force field accurately accounts for both anomeric and exo-anomeric energy differences in 2-methoxytetrahydropyran, and anomeric energy differences in 2-deoxyribose and glucose.
The Control of Cigarette Smoke Deliveries Using Heat-Shrinkable Films (1975)

Abstract A ventilating filter for cigarettes has been developed which reduces the delivery of smoke constituents from the final two to three puffs. Since the normaI delivery for these three puffs can account for up to half the total particulate matter and nicotine delivered by the whole cigarette, usefuI reductions per cigarette can be produced. The ventilating filter consists of cellulose acetate tow wrapped in heat-shrinkable film and attached to a tobacco rod using perforated tipping paper. When the cigarette is smoked, the perforations remain closed by contact with the impermeable film until transfer of heat to the filter is sufficient to soften the filter tow and shrink the film. Ventilating air now enters the cigarette and reduces the smoke deliveries. The effectiveness of the ventilating filter is increased by using films which have a low shrink temperature, high shrink tension and a high degree of biaxiaI shrinkage. Increases in filter plasticiser level, tipping perforation area and puff volume improve the effectiveness of the ventilating filter but increases in cigarette paper porosity and tobacco butt length reduce the effectiveness
Neural network-based terminal sliding mode control for the uncertainty coupled chaotic system with two freedoms (2010)

A radial basis functions (RBF) neural network terminal sliding mode strategy is developed to control a uncertain coupled chaotic system with the two freedoms. Based on the designed adaptive update laws, the weights of RBF neural network are trained on-line so that the designed controllers can be updated adaptively. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, the stability and the robustness of the controlled system are proved theoretically. Experiments about resisting the uncertain external disturbance are proved to show the robustness of the controlled system. Moreover, the proposed method allows us to select parameters T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> respectively to adjust time when the variables of the controlled system make tracks for the targets.
Induction motor fault diagnosis based on neuropredictors and wavelet signal processing (2002)

Early detection and diagnosis of incipient faults is desirable for online condition assessment, product quality assurance and improved operational efficiency of induction motors running off power supply mains. In this paper, a model-based fault diagnosis system is developed for induction motors, using recurrent dynamic neural networks for transient response prediction and multi-resolution signal processing for nonstationary signal feature extraction. In addition to nameplate information required for the initial setup, the proposed diagnosis system uses measured motor terminal currents and voltages, and motor speed. The effectiveness of the diagnosis system is demonstrated through staged motor faults of electrical and mechanical origin. The developed system is scalable to different power ratings and it has been successfully demonstrated with data from 2.2-, 373-, and 597-kW induction motors. Incremental tuning is used to adapt the diagnosis system during commissioning on a new motor, significantly reducing the system development time.
Design, Multicomponent Synthesis, and Bioactivities of Novel Neonicotinoid Analogues with 1,4-Dihydropyridine Scaffold (2009)

Novel neonicotinoid analogues bearing a 1,4-dihydropridine scaffold were designed and synthesized by multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to enhance pi-pi stacking. The synthesized compounds were identified by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Bioassay tests showed that some of them exhibited high insecticidal activities against pea aphid ( Aphis craccivora ).
Exploring the Plant–Microbe Interface by Profiling the Surface-Associated Proteins of Barley Grains (2016)

Cereal grains are colonized by a microbial community that actively interacts with the plant via secretion of various enzymes, hormones, and metabolites. Microorganisms decompose plant tissues by a collection of depolymerizing enzymes, including β-1,4-xylanases, that are in turn inhibited by plant xylanase inhibitors. To gain insight into the importance of the microbial consortia and their interaction with barley grains, we used a combined gel-based (2-DE coupled to MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) and gel-free (LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach complemented with enzyme activity assays to profile the surface-associated proteins and xylanolytic activities of two barley cultivars. The surface-associated proteome was dominated by plant proteins with roles in defense and stress-responses, while the relatively less abundant microbial (bacterial and fungal) proteins were involved in cell-wall and polysaccharide degradation and included xylanases. The surface-associated proteomes showed elevated xylanolytic activity and contained several xylanases. Integration of proteomics with enzyme assays is a powerful tool for analysis and characterization of the interaction between microbial consortia and plants in their natural environment.
Unveiling the Synergy of Interfacial Contact and Defects in α‐Fe2O3 for Enhanced Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting (2023)

Abstract Photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α ‐Fe 2 O 3 nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin‐coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy– α ‐Fe 2 O 3 /rGO‐integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α ‐Fe 2 O 3 . It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α ‐Fe 2 O 3 and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α ‐Fe 2 O 3 to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α ‐Fe 2 O 3 that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate‐determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high‐efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.
Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. XXXI. Activation and Deactivation of Conjugated Dienes by Energy Transfer (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. XXXI. Activation and Deactivation of Conjugated Dienes by Energy TransferRobert S. H. Liu, Nicholas J. Turro Jr., and George S. HammondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 15, 3406–3412Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01093a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01093a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detecting flap compromise: an updated review of techniques to monitor microsurgical flaps post-operatively in breast reconstruction (2023)

Breast reconstructive surgery utilizing free tissue transfer has revolutionized the restoration of aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients. Even for the most routine free flap procedures, substantial hospital resources and costs are necessary. The effectiveness of free flap surgery, along with any reconstructive procedure, hinges upon meticulous patient selection, thorough pre-operative planning, well-informed peri-operative decision-making, and diligent post-operative monitoring and care for the patient. This article presents a review of standard clinical care monitoring techniques during the post-operative period, as well as the diverse strategies currently employed for post-operative flap monitoring.
Experience in implementing continuous arterial spin labeling on a commercial MR scanner (2005)

Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) is a technique for performing quantitative perfusion measurements without the need for exogenous contrast agent administration. This technique has seen limited use in the clinic due to problems of poor sensitivity and the potential for artifacts. In addition, CASL requires the application of long-duration radiofrequency pulses and the acquisition of a large number of images, which can cause difficulties when implemented on commercial MR scanners. This work details our experience in implementing CASL on a commercial MR scanner for the measurement of cerebral blood flow, including pitfalls regarding hardware, radiofrequency energy deposition, and practical application in human subjects. Results of studies to determine the optimal acquisition procedures are also presented. PACS number: 87.61.-c
MutScan: fast detection and visualization of target mutations by scanning FASTQ data (2018)

MutScan is a tool for the detection and visualization of target mutations by only scanning FASTQ raw data directly. Compared to conventional pipelines, this offers a very high performance, executing about 20 times faster, and offering maximal sensitivity since it can grab mutations with even one single supporting read. MutScan visualizes detected mutations by generating interactive pile-ups using web technologies. These can serve to validate target mutations, thus avoiding false positives. Furthermore, MutScan can visualize all mutation records in a VCF file to HTML pages for cloud-friendly VCF validation. MutScan is an open source tool available at GitHub: https://github.com/OpenGene/MutScan.
Development of a new method for obtaining claydite with a minimal thermal conductivity coefficient (2017)

The object of study is the technology of creation of claydite with a minimal coefficient of thermal conductivity. Most problematic is the lack of methods for determining the optimal technological parameters of thermal treatment of raw materials to obtain claydite with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. The reason for this is that the existing methods are aimed at creating mullite during roasting of the alumina raw materials, as a substance of sufficient strength. Although, when claydite is used as a thermal insulation filling or as an additive to a concrete mixture, a reduction in the coefficient of thermal conductivity in the formation of the structure of claydite is more significant than the strength value. In the course of research, we created a number of experimental samples of claydite at different initial factors. Fire resistance was determined by comparing the behavior of the examined and standard samples when heated. Bulk thermal conductivity was determined by the thermal conductivity meter ITP-MG4 made by SKB Stroypribor, Russia. Strength of the material was determined by the Rockwell method.To determine the optimal technological parameters for the production of claydite from the specified alumina mixture, we used the method of experiment planning and the optimization of the resulting equation employing the Lagrange method with the Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Based on data received, the technology of obtaining claydite with improved thermal-physical properties is as follows. Clay mixture is dried to humidity of 38 % and the granules are formed (by pressing a grid with a cell of 6×20 mm). Next, the pallet with granules is put into a heating furnace for 15 minutes at 270 °C. After the heating furnace, the granules are discharged into a drum furnace, where they are roasted at temperature 1250 °C for 1.5 hours.The results obtained make it possible to reduce the coefficient of thermal conductivity of claydite by 2.25 times. The applied technique could be used for future studies of samples with different additives, including industrial waste. This in turn will allow a more effective use of available raw materials as well as reduction in the cost of product.
Accurate and precise measurement of cluster sizes in localisation microscopy images using the Rényi divergence (2016)

Localisation microscopy is a super‐resolution imaging technique based on detecting randomly activated single molecules in a sequence of images. A super‐resolution image is then reconstructed as a collection of discrete points, using all of the localised single molecule positions. Clustering analysis of these points can provide quantitative information about sample structure, size of features and/or their number. The information obtained from clustering analysis allows characterisation of the functions or properties of biological systems, for example examining signalling pathways in T‐cells antigen receptors. However, quantitative analysis of clusters in localisation microscopy images is challenging because the clusters are usually small and surrounded by relatively high noise. The Rényi divergence quantifies differences between two distributions (in this case the observed data and a reference distribution). Its sensitivity to the degree to which one distribution differed from another can be tuned with a scaling parameter α, which allows us to adapt its robustness to noise. We approximated the data distribution by counting all points which were positioned closer to each other than a set threshold and the reference distribution as all the points concentrated in a single cluster. Ripley's K function, which is widely used for performing localisation microscopy analysis, is a special case of the Rényi divergence. Here we present a comparison of the accuracy and precision of cluster size measurement performed using the Rényi divergence and Ripley's K function. Initial tests involved establishing noise adaptability of the two analysis methods using simulated data sets with characteristics similar to experimental images (with increasing noise levels), and optimising the tunable parameter of the Rényi divergence. We find that the adaptability of the Renyi divergence method is a particular advantage when dealing with localisation microscopy data, in which characteristics can vary a great deal between datasets.