gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency, Q-switched, mode-locked KTP OPO (1992)

We have demonstrated an efficient, synchronously pumped, doubly resonant, KTP optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The efficiencies achieved are in excess of 60% for conversion to 2.128 μm by using a conventional mode-locked and Q -switched Nd:YAG 1.064-μm driver source. In some applications this device may be more attractive than directly using a 2.1-μm laser source. The quantum efficiency of the OPO is unity because it operates at the degenerate point (both the signal and idler waves have essentially the same wavelength at 2.128 μm), and both the signal and idler waves can be extracted to provide equally useful output power. Consequently, the overall conversion efficiency is equal to the photon conversion efficiency. Since the OPO is degenerate, it is also doubly resonant, but it does not suffer from the instability problems commonly associated with such devices. This is in part due to the large nonlinear drive, high output coupling (&gt;95%), and simultaneous existence of many longitudinal modes. Normally, a degenerate OPO has a large frequency bandwidth. However, in KTP the phase matching must be type II, and this provides a narrow bandwidth at degeneracy of approximately 5 cm −1 . This fact is extremely important for driving subsequent nonlinear stages. By using the 2-μm output power as a drive source, we have achieved frequency downconversion into the mid-IR in synchronously pumped AgGaSe 2 OPO’s and we achieved 40% conversion of 2.128 μm to 3.8 plus 4.8 μm.
Universal Minimax Discrete Denoising Under Channel Uncertainty (2006)

The goal of a denoising algorithm is to recover a signal from its noise-corrupted observations. Perfect recovery is seldom possible and performance is measured under a given single-letter fidelity criterion. For discrete signals corrupted by a known discrete memoryless channel (DMC), the Discrete Universal DEnoiser (DUDE) was recently shown to perform this task asymptotically optimally, without knowledge of the statistical properties of the source. In the present work, we address the scenario where, in addition to the lack of knowledge of the source statistics, there is also uncertainty in the channel characteristics. We propose a family of discrete denoisers and establish their asymptotic optimality under a minimax performance criterion which we argue is appropriate for this setting. As we show elsewhere, the proposed schemes can also be implemented computationally efficiently.
Spin logic via controlled correlation in a topological insulator-nanomagnet hybrid structure (2013)

A magnetic switching device implemented with a majority-gate logic structure is explored as a potential candidate for beyond-CMOS technology. Specifically, a novel switching mechanism is envisioned that relies on the unique magneto-electric properties of a hybrid structure consisting of topological insulator (TI), insulating ferromagnet (FM) and graphene (Gr) in the Bennett clocking operation scheme (Fig. 1A). A circuit layout is proposed and the logic operation demonstrated in a 1-bit adder.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Contribution of Abcc4-Mediated Gastric Transport to the Absorption and Efficacy of Dasatinib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 295K, In vitro transport and activity of dasatinib against p185(BCR-ABL)-expressing Arf(-/-) leukemia initiating pre-B cells (LIC).&lt;/p&gt;
Electronically-scanned white light interferometry with enhanced dynamic range (1990)

When a CCD array is used to detect the spatial fringes of optical interference, interesting features emerge in the output as the width of each fringe approaches the dimension of a CCD sensing cell. These features are theoretically studied and their application to the enhancement of the dynamic operating range of electrically scanned white-light interferometry is investigated. Preliminary experimental results are presented.
Use of near-infrared spectroscopy during a vascular occlusion test to assess the microcirculatory response during fluid challenge (2011)

Hypovolaemia significantly affects the muscle StO₂ recovery slope. Restoring effective intravascular volume with fluid loading significantly improves the StO₂ recovery slope, despite apparently ineffective changes in systemic haemodynamics.
Passive coupling of InGaAsP/InP laser array and singlemode fibres using silicon waferboard (1991)

Passive alignment of semiconductor lasers and singlemode fibres has been achieved for the first time using a micromachined silicon subtrate. Mechanical alignment features fabricated on the substrate surface were used to align the active regions of an InGaAsP/InP laser array to four single-mode fibres held in V grooves. Optical coupling efficiencies have been achieved that are comparable to values obtained using the conventional technique of active fibre manipulation. The approach, called silicon waferboard, offers the potential for low-cost optoelectronic device packaging as well as a means for dense hybrid integration of optoelectronic, electronic and optical components required for multifibre, multichip systems.
An Arabidopsis cDNA Related to Animal Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C Genes (1995)

We have cloned an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA and corresponding genomic clones exhibiting a high degree of sequence similarity to animal PI-PLC genes (Table
SU‐GG‐T‐349: Large‐Field Sensitivity Analysis of a Non‐Cylindrically Symmetric Monte Carlo Beam Model of a Varian Electron Accelerator (2008)

Purpose: To facilitate the development and commissioning of radiotherapy electron beam models by studying the dosimetric response of a Varian Trilogy electron accelerator to variations of the geometric and electron beam parameters of the treatment head, including lateral offsets of linac components and lateral and angular offsets of the incident electron beam. Method and Materials: We have performed a sensitivity study examining the effect of varying beam and geometric parameters of a Monte Carlo model of a Varian Trilogy accelerator. The accelerator was modeled using a modified BEAMnrc package that included asymmetric accelerator and beam models. The dose output was modeled using DOSXYZnrc. Electron beams were modeled for 40×40 cm 2 fields with applicators removed. Profiles at d max and in the bremsstrahlung region were calculated for 4, 12, and 20 MeV configurations. Results: The dose distributions were evaluated for flatness, symmetry, and OAR. Scattering foil thickness had a negligible effect on d max profiles, but increased the bremsstrahlung production rate. A 3 mm shift in the interfoil distance had a 5% effect on the OAR at 12 cm, but only 2% at 5 cm radius. Profiles in the bremsstrahlung region help differentiate between similar d max behavior for changes in incident electron angle and lateral secondary scattering foil position. A 4 mm variation in the electron spot size had a negligible effect on the 4 MeV dose distribution, but varied the flatness of the 12 and 20 MeV beams by 2% and 5%, respectively. Conclusion: Lateral and angular offsets of beam and accelerator components have strong effects on dose distributions, and need to be included in any high‐accuracy electron beam model. Large fields without applicators and bremsstrahlung profiles can give additional insight into how parameters should be adjusted when commissioning a Monte Carlo beam model. Support from NIH R01 CA104777‐01A2.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Inhibition of MAPK Kinase Signaling Pathways Suppressed Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth and Angiogenesis <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Inhibition of MAPK Kinase Signaling Pathways Suppressed Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth and Angiogenesis &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Approximation of Matrices by Gabor Multipliers (2004)

We present a fast Fourier transform based algorithm which allows to obtain the best approximation of a given time-variant linear system by approximating its matrix (in the Hilbert-Schmidt sense) by a Gabor multiplier, using a given tight Gabor frame. We illustrate the approach by approximating the inverse of a slowly time variant filter.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: A comprehensive review. (2011)

An arterial aneurysm is defined as a focal dilation of a blood vessel with respect to the original artery. The risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) increases dramatically in the presence of the following factors: age older than 60 years, smoking, hypertension and Caucasian ethnicity. The likelihood that an aneurysm will rupture is influenced by the aneurysm size, expansion rate, continued smoking and persistent hypertension. The majority of AAAs are asymptomatic and are detected as an incidental finding on ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging performed for other purposes. It can also present with abdominal pain or complications such as thrombosis, embolization and rupture. Approximately 30% of asymptomatic AAAs are discovered as a pulsatile abdominal mass on routine physical examination. Abdominal ultrasonography is considered the screening modality of choice for detecting AAAs because of its high sensitivity and specificity, as well as its safety and relatively lower cost. The decision to screen for AAAs is challenging. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended that men between the age of 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked should be screened at least once for AAAs by abdominal ultrasonography. Management options for patients with an asymptomatic AAA include reduction of risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia; medical therapy with beta-blockers; watchful waiting; endovascular stenting; and surgical repair depending on the size and expansion rate of the aneurysm and underlying comorbidities.
Time-division-multiplexed laser Doppler anemometry (1994)

Laser Doppler anemometry is a well known technique for non-invasively measuring fluid flow. Originally developed using gas lasers, the inclusion of semiconductor laser diodes and detectors [1] and optical fibres [2] have made it possible to construct compact and robust probes. To extend laser Doppler anemometry to multi-component velocity measurements, some method of distinguishing the various velocity components is essential.
Systemic and intrathecal baclofen produce bladder antinociception in rats (2021)

These data provide support for a clinical trial of baclofen as a non-opioid treatment of human bladder pain.
Florid Bacillus cereus Infection of the Placenta Associated With Intrauterine Fetal Demise (2021)

<i>Bacillus cereus</i> is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly implicated in foodborne illness but has also become increasingly recognized as a source of serious non-gastrointestinal infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Non-gastrointestinal <i>B. cereus</i> infections have been identified in children, especially in neonates; however, there are no previously described cases of fetal demise associated with <i>B. cereus</i> placental infection. We present a case of acute chorioamnionitis-related intrauterine fetal demise of twin A at 17 weeks gestation, noted two days after selective termination of twin B. Histological examination revealed numerous gram-positive bacilli in placental tissue, as well as fetal vasculature, in the setting of severe acute necrotizing chorioamnionitis and subchorionitis, intervillous abscesses, acute villitis, and peripheral acute funisitis. Cultures of maternal blood and placental tissue both yielded growth of <i>B. cereus</i>. This case underscores the importance of <i>B. cereus</i> as a human pathogen, and specifically demonstrates its potential as an agent of severe intraamniotic and placental infection with poor outcomes for the fetus.
A simple expression for predicting the inlet roundness of micro-nozzles (2007)

The inlet roundness of micro-nozzles can directly influence properties of the liquid jets conducted through them. Obtaining accurate information regarding the inlet roundness of such tiny nozzles, however, is not easy. This is mainly due to the minute dimensions of these nozzles which render most nondestructive examination methods ineffective. In this study, a series of steady-state two-phase computational fluid dynamics simulations is performed to predict the inlet roundness of micro-nozzles used for producing constricted waterjets, i.e., waterjets resulting from a detached nozzle flow. Different micro-nozzles with inlet roundness ranging from r/d = 0 to 0.18 (where r and d are the inlet radius of curvature and the capillary diameter, respectively) were considered to obtain an expression for predicting the nozzle's inlet roundness as a function of its discharge coefficient. It is demonstrated that the discharge coefficient of nozzles conducting a detached flow increases with increasing inlet roundness. The inlet roundness predicted by our expression is in good agreement with the actual roundness determined by sectioning the nozzle and imaging its cross-section. Our expression is believed to be useful for manufacturers and users of capillary micro-nozzles for producing liquid micro-jets.
Transgenic Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Plants: Strategies for Enhanced Disease Resistance, Improved Productivity, and Production of Therapeutics (2012)

Antimicrobial peptides represent a diverse group of small membrane-active molecules that are essential components of the innate defense system of, probably, all living organisms. In this chapter, we demonstrate that the transformation of plants with genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides have enabled the development of plants with enhanced and durable resistance to many diseases, increased crop yields, and reduced post-harvest losses. In vitro, the peptides inhibited plant-specific pathogens at micromolar concentrations that were not toxic to plant protoplasts or mammalian cells. The majority of the antimicrobial peptides retained their activities in heterologous plant systems. Most importantly, the expression level of antimicrobial peptides in transgenic plants, regulated by promoters with appropriate level of spatiotemporal activity, was sufficient to confer resistance against a variety of pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria. The accumulation of antimicrobial peptides in transgenic plants did not alter normal plant growth or development, even in the lines with the highest level of transgene expression. These studies are greatly expanding our knowledge of the interactions between antimicrobial peptides, phytopathogens, and host plants. In turn, this is helping the development of novel strategies for sustainable agriculture, including the engineering of new crop varieties with broad-spectrum disease resistance that will require fewer pesticide applications, reduce the associated environmental risks, and provide higher yields. In addition, the transgenic expression of antimicrobial peptides in plants is emerging as one of the most promising platforms for the cost-effective production of tomorrow’s therapeutics.
A low-permittivity interconnection using an SiBN interlayer (1989)

A low-permittivity two-level interconnection process is presented. The key features of this process are the use of a low dielectric constant SiBN interlayer and the adoption of planarization using a two-stage etch-back process. The SiBN film is characterized from the standpoint of its device applications. The two-level interconnection process flow is described in detail. The effect of the SiBN interlayer in reducing the second wiring capacitance is compared to that of a conventional silicon nitride interlayer. This is demonstrated by fabricating a 33-stage ECL ring oscillator and a 2.1 kG macrocell array LSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Competitive Adsorption and Reactivity of Acid Gases in Rare Earth Metal Organic Frameworks. (2023)

Abstract not provided.
Retapamulin-assisted ribosome profiling reveals the alternative bacterial proteome (2019)

SUMMARY The use of alternative translation initiation sites enables production of more than one protein from a single gene, thereby expanding cellular proteome. Although several such examples have been serendipitously found in bacteria, genome-wide mapping of alternative translation start sites has been unattainable. We found that the antibiotic retapamulin specifically arrests initiating ribosomes at start codons of the genes. Retapamulin-enhanced Ribo-seq analysis (Ribo-RET) not only allowed mapping of conventional initiation sites at the beginning of the genes but, strikingly, it also revealed putative internal start sites in a number of Escherichia coli genes. Experiments demonstrated that the internal start codons can be recognized by the ribosomes and direct translation initiation in vitro and in vivo. Proteins, whose synthesis is initiated at an internal in-frame and out-of-frame start sites, can be functionally important and contribute to the ‘alternative’ bacterial proteome. The internal start sites my also play regulatory roles in gene expression.
Emmanuel Lévinas: Philosopher and Jew (2006)

Levinas seamlessly unites philosophy and religion via ethics. By doing so he satisfies philosophy's quest for justification by finding it neither in epistemology nor aesthetics (nor in an escapist fundamentalism) but in the responsibility of each person for each other and for all others. That is to say, the ground of meaning emerges neither in intellect nor imagination but in the moral responsibilities one person has for another and, beyond these already infinite obligations, in the justice law and equality that such responsibilities require and engender. All of this is at the same time a consistent expression, indeed a profoundly mature expression of the ethical monotheist vision of traditional rabbinic Judaism and of non-mythological religious consciousness more generally.
Androgen receptor expression in circulating tumor cells of patients with metastatic breast cancer (2019)

The androgen receptor (AR) has potential clinical relevance in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) since it might be a treatment target and has been associated with endocrine resistance. A minimal-invasive way to determine AR expression on metastatic tumor cells is by characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Here, we assessed AR mRNA expression in CTCs (CTC-AR) and in matched primary tumor samples from mBC patients representing different breast cancer subtypes. In addition, we explored CTC-AR-status in relation to outcome on endocrine therapy. AR, and 92 AR or estrogen receptor (ER) related genes, were measured in CellSearch-enriched CTCs from 124 mBC patients and in 52 matched FFPE primary tissues using quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. AR in CTCs was considered positive if the expression was 1 standard deviation higher than the expression measured in 11 healthy blood donors. A total of 31% of the mBC patients had AR-positive (AR+) CTCs. 58% of the matched CTC and primary tumor samples were discordant with respect to AR status, observing both switches from AR+ to AR-negative (AR-) and vice versa. There was no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival for patients treated with ER-targeting drugs and CTC-AR-status (13 AR+/ 37 AR- cases, p = 0.28). Thus, AR can be determined in RNA isolated from CTCs, with in our set 31% AR-positive samples. Given the discordance between AR status in CTC samples and corresponding primary tumors, determination of AR expression in CTCs might be a promising tool to select mBC patients for AR inhibiting agents.
Charging Current Estimation of Electric Vehicle DC Fast Chargers Using Long Short-Term Memory Networks (2019)

This paper presents a long short-term memory network for estimating the charging current in electric vehicle DC fast chargers. From the prospective of testing, current estimation with deep learning techniques can provide an approach for predicting health state and remaining useful life of EV chargers in the future. A typical charging data is comprised of three control signals, two power signals, and BMS messages. Data set collection has been finished by a testing tool from five electric vehicle models and six charger models. The LSTM theory is introduced briefly, then the topology of the designed network for current estimation and the training process with root mean square error and training loss are given. The experimental results show the charging current has been estimated by the designed network with a best RMSE of 8.59 A. We also discuss the error of an estimated current waveform in comparison to a tested current waveform.
Rapid Assessment of Insect Fragments in Flour Milled from Wheat Infested with Known Densities of Immature and Adult <I>Sitophilus oryzae</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2007)

Abstract Milling wheat, Triticum aestivum L., infested with low densities of internal feeding insects can result in flour containing insect fragments. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces a standard or defect action level stating that a maximum of 75 insect fragments per 50 g of flour is allowed. However, the relationship between level of infestation and number of resulting fragments is not well documented, and a more rapid method for enumerating insect fragments is needed. We characterized the number of insect fragments produced from milling small lots of wheat spiked with known densities and life stages of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insect fragments were enumerated with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a quick nondestructive procedure, and with the industry standard flotation method. Results showed that an individual small larva, large larva, pupa, or adult produced 0.4, 0.7, 1.5, and 27.0 fragments, respectively. NIRS-predicted counts of ≤51 (from small larvae), ≤53 (from large larvae), ≤43 (from pupae), or 0 (from adults) indicated that there were &lt;75 actual fragments in that sample, because the upper bound of associated 95% inverse prediction confidence intervals was less than the standard; NIRS-predicted counts of ≥98, ≥117, ≥108, or ≥225 fragments (same life stages as above) signaled that these flour samples contained &gt;75 actual fragments. These data suggest that NIRS could be adopted for rapid assessment of insect fragments resulting from relatively low levels of infestation with immature life states, but that it was not accurate enough for enumerating insect fragments, relevant to FDA standards, resulting from adults.