gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocompatible mechanical surface modification processing and mechanical properties of beta-type titanium alloys (2016)

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Genome-Wide Association Study of Treatment Refractory Schizophrenia in Han Chinese (2012)

We report the first genome-wide association study of a joint analysis using 795 Han Chinese individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS) and 806 controls. Three loci showed suggestive significant association with TRS were identified. These loci include: rs10218843 (P = 3.04 × 10(-7)) and rs11265461 (P = 1.94 × 10(-7)) are adjacent to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1); rs4699030 (P = 1.94 × 10(-6)) and rs230529 (P = 1.74 × 10(-7)) are located in the gene nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NFKB1); and rs13049286 (P = 3.05 × 10(-5)) and rs3827219 (P = 1.66 × 10(-5)) fall in receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (RIPK4). One isolated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs739617 (P = 3.87 × 10(-5)) was also identified to be associated with TRS. The -94delATTG allele (rs28362691) located in the promoter region of NFKB1 was identified by resequencing and was found to associate with TRS (P = 4.85 × 10(-6)). The promoter assay demonstrated that the -94delATTG allele had a significant lower promoter activity than the -94insATTG allele in the SH-SY5Y cells. This study suggests that rs28362691 in NFKB1 might be involved in the development of TRS.
The galaxy luminosity function at z similar or equal to 6 and evidence for rapid evolution in the bright end from z similar or equal to 7 to 5 (2015)

We present the results of a search for bright (-22.7 \textless= M-UV \textless= -20.5) Lyman-break galaxies at z similar or equal to 6 within a total of 1.65 deg(2) of imaging in the UltraVISTA/Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) fields. The deep near-infrared imaging available in the two independent fields, in addition to deep optical (including z'-band) data, enables the sample of z similar or equal to 6 star-forming galaxies to be securely detected longward of the break (in contrast to several previous studies). We show that the expected contamination rate of our initial sample by cool Galactic brown dwarfs is less than or similar to 3 per cent and demonstrate that they can be effectively removed by fitting brown dwarf spectral templates to the photometry. At z similar or equal to 6, the galaxy surface density in the UltraVISTA field exceeds that in the UDS by a factor of similar or equal to 1.8, indicating strong cosmic variance even between degree-scale fields at z \textgreater 5. We calculate the bright end of the rest-frame Ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) at z similar or equal to 6. The galaxy number counts are a factor of similar to 1.7 lower than predicted by the recent LF determination by Bouwens et al. In comparison to other smaller area studies, we find an evolution in the characteristic magnitude between z similar or equal to 5 and z similar or equal to 7 of Delta M* similar to 0.4, and show that a double power law or a Schechter function can equally well describe the LF at z = 6. Furthermore, the bright end of the LF appears to steepen from z similar or equal to 7 to z similar or equal to 5, which could indicate the onset of mass quenching or the rise of dust obscuration, a conclusion supported by comparing the observed LFs to a range of theoretical model predictions.
Fluctuating field model for conduction electron spin resonance in graphite (2004)

We outline a theory for conduction electron-spin resonance (CESR) in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The fundamental approximation is to treat the spin-orbit interaction as an effective field. In this approach, the shift in the $g$ factor, which is associated with the mean value of the field, is related to the orbital susceptibility of the electrons. The linewidth comes from fluctuations in the effective field caused by the scattering of the electrons. The theory is used to interpret our CESR measurements.
Growth and Rejection of Leukemia Cells in Individual Mice After Combined Treatment With Amphotericin B and 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1978)

We assayed the femoral marrows of individual AKR mice for leukemia colony-units (LCFU) after treatment with amphotericin B (AmB) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or with BCNU alone. No differences between the groups were noted in the first 7 days after treatment. All the mice treated with BCNU alone were dead by day 8, and all the survivors among the animals receiving AmB and BCNU retained high levels of LCFU for 2 more days; these LCFU were subsequently rejected by the host. By day 12, LCFU were undetectable. Histologic examination of organs from the same mice on day 5 showed fewer leukemia cells in the mice treated with the combination of agents. In all treatment groups, mice dying of leukemia early (by day 9) had systemic leukemia and most had central nervous system (CNS) involvement. All animals dying between days 10 and 14 had CNS leukemia, but few had systemic leukemia; at later times, though few animals died, they invariably had CNS leukemia without systemic involvement.
Mercury Flows in China and Global Drivers (2016)

Mercury (Hg) pollution control has become an urgent need at global and national scales. This study, for the first time, comprehensively examines Hg flows in Mainland China and uncovers domestic and external causal drivers of China's Hg emissions/releases. Results show that China's Hg input reaches 2643 t in 2010. China discharges 1368 t of Hg to the environment (to air, 633 t; water, 84 t; and land, 651 t). Embedded Hg transfers across production sectors via waste/byproduct flows reduce Hg releases to land, but lead to secondary Hg emissions to air. Such revelations of embedded Hg transfers adjusts China's comprehensive Hg control that would otherwise only tackle primary emitters. Domestic consumption causes 67% of China's Hg emissions/releases, and external consumption induces the remaining 33%. Besides traditional production-side Hg control measures, demand-side measures and international joint efforts are required to effectively combat Hg pollution. Uncovering embedded and embodied Hg flows within the global economy can assist a paradigm shift necessary to make real progress in global Hg control and the implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
The structure of chiral Sm C* liquid crystals in planar samples and its change in an electric field (1984)

From observation by microscope of DOBAMBC and mixtures of smectic C and cholesteric, a structure of Sm C* in planar samples has been determined as depending on the sample thickness d. In all samples there are unwound layers at the sample surfaces with dipole-moments directed from the surface to the sample bulk. In thick samples the regular helicoidal structure occurring in the sample bulk is connected to the unwound surface layers by means of ± 2 π disinclination lines, the upper and lower lines being shifted by half a helical step p. In thin samples (d ~ p) the helical structure is unwound by surface anchoring but there is a twist along the sample thickness. The unwinding process of thick samples in electric field proceeds in two steps : unwinding of the helix via mutual annihilation of opposite disinclinations at critical field Ec1 and removal of the twist at Ec2. With thin samples only unwinding of the twist at Ec2 takes place.
High Endothelial Venules Present in Lymphoid Cell Accumulations in Thyroids Affected by Autoimmune Disease: A Study in Men and BB Rats of Functional Activity and Development* (1989)

High endothelial venules (HEVs) derive their name from the cuboidal high walled shape of the endothelial cells and are found in T-cell areas of a wide variety of lymphoid tissues. The function of HEVs is to attract lymphocytes to lymphoid tissues, and they are thus of importance in lymphocyte recirculation. We investigated the immunohistochemical presence and localization of HEVs in thyroid tissue obtained at surgery from 13 patients with Graves' disease and 3 patients with Hashimoto's disease using the monoclonal antibody HECA 452, which reacts with an epitope on human HEVs. HEVs were found in large confined lymphocytic accumulations in 7 of the 13 Graves' disease glands and all of the Hashimoto's disease glands. These lymphocytic accumulations showed a high grade of architecture and were composed of a central B-cell follicle and a T-cell area in which the HEVs were present. The HEV-containing T-cell area formed a corona around the B-cell follicle. Plasma cells were found at the periphery of the intrathyroidally developed lymphoid tissue. In BB rats, an animal model for spontaneous autoimmune thyroid disease, the development of such HEVs containing intrathyroidal lymphoid tissue was a rather late phenomenon in the autoimmune process occurring after the appearance of anticolloid antibodies in the circulation and after initial immune activity of the thyroid draining lymph nodes. The actual development of the intrathyroidal lymphoid tissue was initiated by accumulation of lymphocytes around dendritic cells forming small cellular clusters. These small clusters later developed into larger formation in which HEVs were detectable. The adherence of B- and T-lymphocytes to human intrathyroidal HEVs was additionally studied using an in vitro adherence assay. B-Lymphocytes preferentially adhered to thyroidal HEVs. This adherence pattern is similar to that of HEVs in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (tonsils and Peyer's patches). We conclude that lymphoid tissue with a lymphocyte recirculation pattern similar to that of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue can be found in thyroid glands involved in a process of autoimmune reactivity; the BB rat study suggests that the development of such tissue occurs during the chronic phases of the process.
CoMut: visualizing integrated molecular information with comutation plots (2020)

The CoMut package is open source and is available at https://github.com/vanallenlab/comut under the MIT License, along with documentation and examples. A no installation, easy-to-use implementation is available on Google Colab (see GitHub).
Convergence of the iterative water-filling algorithm in multiple user spectrum sharing scenarios (2011)

Spectrum sharing between multiple independent, coexisting transmit-receive pairs (TRPs, also termed as users) is formulated as a non-cooperative game with the TRPs as players, their individual link rates as payoffs and the iterative water-filling algorithm (IWFA) as the strategy for each TRP. The dynamics of this distributed algorithm are studied for sequential and simultaneous update mechanisms to determine the nature of convergence. Global convergence to unique Nash Equilibrium (NE) is considered and sufficient conditions tighter than those in the literature are derived. Necessary conditions are also derived to complement the sufficient conditions. The necessary conditions serve as tools for characterizing the structure of NE and also highlight the sensitivity of convergence to update orders in sequential IWFA.
Field Test of Foam to Reduce CO2 Cycling (1996)

Abstract A foam treatment was conducted in the Wasson ODC Unit, Yoakum County, Texas, to significantly reduce CO2 cycling through a high permeability zone between injection Well 324 and offset producing Well 455. Three thousand barrels of 0.5 wt% surfactant were injected. A novel placement technique was employed to place the surfactant primarily in the "thief" zone by utilizing crossflow within the wellbore caused by pressure differences between the tighter and more permeable pay zones. Comparison of the injection and production rates before and after foam generation clearly indicated reduced CO2 cycling between the wells. However, pre- and post-treatment injection profiles indicated that injectivity into all reservoir zones were affected by the foam. This suggested that crossflow within the wellbore was not sufficient in this case to keep surfactant out of the lower permeability layers. This test was run at the end of a water half-cycle. Post-treatment analysis of injection profiles run in Well 324 suggested that better placement of the surfactant may be achieved at the end of the CO2 half-cycle. The effectiveness of the foam gradually decreased with time, i.e., the injection rate slowly increased, due to drying out of the foam and movement of the surfactant bank away from the wellbore. The foam was twice regenerated by injecting a small slug of water to rehydrate the foam. Overall the test was a technical success. However, this test was uneconomical due to the low cost of recycling CO2 ($0.10/mcf). In order for foam to be economic at Wasson, better placement of the surfactant is needed so the processing rate in the tighter zones is not adversely affected, and a larger volume (or repeat treatments) is needed to affect areal sweep efficiency.
Outsourcing Supply Management (1999)

SUMMARY There is increasing interest in outsourcing part or all of the supply function, but little empirical knowledge of the drivers of this phenomenon. Based on a survey of 126 chief purchasing officers, internal purchasing outperforms third parties when strategic buys are involved. For nonstrategic purchases, performance is about equal for internal and third party purchasers, except where tight systems connections or strategic input are critical. Accompanying case studies support these conclusions and illustrate the approaches used by leading firms to position internal purchasing for maximum efficiency and effectiveness.
VRS technology based on multi-base station network and its error analysis (2009)

The existing problems of conventional RTK in actual applications specifically indicate that the difference technology can only eliminate the public error between base station and subscriber station under certain conditions. With the increases of baseline length (more than 20 km), the correlation of errors between tropospheric and ionospheric weakens or even disappears such that, the differential GPS technology loses its theoretical foundation. The experimental analysis shows that in network RTK, the Virtual Reference Station RTK technology enables VRS technology to extend the effective distance from 15 km to 50 km or more, and thus, to greatly enhance the relative positioning accuracy in medium-baseline and long-baseline (20~50 km).
Biomechanical aspects of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (2001)

This article provides a review of the biomechanics literature on the low back and upper extremities. Biomechanics is the study of forces acting on and generated within the body and of the effects of these forces on the tissues, fluids, or materials used for diagnosis, treatment, or research purposes. The discussion begins with an overview of basic concepts and methods. This is followed by the two literature reviews. The study selection criteria are presented at the beginning of each review. The two bodies of literature differ in maturity; the research on the low back is more substantial. The number of studies reviewed is 196 for the low back and 109 for the upper extremities. While there are certainly individual factors that put a person at risk for back pain, overall, this body of literature indicates that back pain can be related to excessive mechanical loading of the spine that can be expected in the workplace. The literature also indicates that appropriate reduction of work exposure can decrease the risk of low back disorder. Hence, it is clear, from a biomechanical perspective, that exposure to excessive amounts of physical loading can increase the risk of low back disorder. The literature also reveals that there are strong relationships between physical loads in the workplace and biomechanical loading, internal tolerances, and pain, impairment, and disability associated with the upper limb. Although many of these relationships are complex, the associations are clear. The biomechanical literature has identified relationships between physical work attributes and external loads for force, posture, vibration and temperature. Research has also demonstrated relationships between external loading and biomechanical loading (i.e. internal loads or physiologic responses). Relationships between external loading and internal tolerances (i.e. mechanical strain or fatigue) have also been demonstrated. Finally, relationships have been shown between external loading and upper limb pain, discomfort, impairment or disability. Although the relationships exist, the picture is far from complete. Individual studies have, for the most part, not fully considered the characteristic properties of physical work and external loading (i.e. magnitude, repetition or duration). Few studies have considered multiple physical stress factors or their interactions. The existence of these interactive relationships supports the load-tolerance model presented in this paper.
Detection of Betaine Administered Orally in the Duodenal Digesta of Steers (2007)

The appearance of betaine in duodenal digesta was investigated using four steers with cannula in the duodenum. At 6 a.m., each steer was administered orally with doses of 0, 10, 25, or 50g of the betaine dissolved in 200ml of distilled water. One hundred ml of duodenal digesta were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24h after dosing. Betaine concentrations in duodenal digesta were measured by HPLC. Betaine was detected at 9h after dosing with 10, 25, and 50g of betaine, and the concentrations in each treatment were 0.19mg/ml, 0.11mg/ml, and 0.54mg/ml, respectively. Betaine was also detected in the duodenal digesta at 12h after dosing with 25g of betaine. These in vivo data suggest that some of the betaine administered orally to the steers could escape ruminal degradation and flow into the duodenum.
Screening-level assays for potentially human-infectious environmental Legionella spp. (2011)

In spite of the fact that various Legionella species are isolated from nonclinical water settings, there is no standard method to determine whether environmental legionellae may be infectious to humans. Here we provide a screening-level approach based on an in vivo murine (A/J mouse) model and three in vitro proliferation assays using Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and THP-1 human and J774 murine macrophage cell lines to identify potentially human-infectious legionellae. As an initial demonstration the infectivity potential of three clinical (Legionella pneumophila, L, longbeacheae, and L. micdadei) and three environmental (L. dumoffii, L. maceachernii, and L. sainthelensi) legionellae were evaluated. A/J mice were intranasally infected and by 6 h post infection (p.L), there were significant bacterial titers in the lungs. L. pneumophila, L. dumoffii, and L. micdadei densities were higher than L. longbeacheae, L. maceacherni, and L. sainthelensi at 24 h p.i. However, only L. pneumophila and L. micdadei persisted in the lungs after 48 h, indicating that the other isolates were rapidly cleared. Results from the in vitro assays showed that only L. pneumophila significantly multiplied within A. polyphaga, THP-1 and J774 cells after 72 h, but lysis of any of the in vitro hosts also flagged the strains for potential concern (e.g. L. dumoffii and L. micdadei). The results demonstrate the value of using multiple approaches to assess the potential level of pathogenicity of Legionella strains isolated from different environmental matrices.
Tungsten heavy alloy as a filler metal for repair welding of dies for high pressure die casting (2013)

Abstract This paper presents the preliminary test of tungsten heavy alloy as a filler metal for repair welding of high pressure die casting dies. H13 grade hot work tool steel was used as a base material. Multipass gas tungsten arc welding was used to fill a single-V butt joint with tungsten heavy alloy in the form of a welding rod. The microstructure of the weld was examined using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. It was found that tungsten grains are not dissolved completely during welding and areas of fine eutectic were formed during solidification of the weld. The hardness of the weld was measured in three courses across the weld and increased in the heat affected zone while the weld hardness was below 380 HV 0.3 . Charpy V-notched samples were prepared from the weld. The high content of tungsten grains distributed in the nickel–iron weld matrix resulted in low impact toughness of 5.1 J. Face bend testing of the weld was conducted in order to study weld ductility.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5,5‐DICHLORO‐4‐PENTENOIC ACID BY THE WITTIG REACTION WITH BROMOTRICHLOROMETHANE AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE (1982)

Abstract Aus dem Methyl‐4‐pentenoat (Ib), das aus der freien Säure (Ia) mit Diazomethan hergestellt wird, erhält man durch Ozonolyse den Aldehyd (II), der mit der aus Triphenylphosphin und Bromtrichlormethan zugänglichen Wittigverbindung (III) zu den Dichlormethylen‐Derivaten (IV) reagiert.
Proceedings of the Events and Stories in the News Workshop (2017)

We propose a method to aggregate and organize a large, multi-source dataset of news articles into a collection of major stories, and automatically name and visualize these stories in a working system. The approach is able to run online, as new articles are added, processing 4 million news articles from 20 news sources, and extracting 80000 major stories, some of which span several years. The visual interface consists of lanes of timelines, each annotated with information that is deemed important for the story, including extracted quotations. The working system allows a user to search and navigate 8 years of story information.
Pneumocystis Pneumonia Concomitant with Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Caused by a Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Thymus (2017)

We herein report the case of a 44-year-old man who was diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) concomitant with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome, which had been caused by a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus. Chest computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacities in the lungs. PCP was diagnosed by a polymerase chain reaction with bronchoalveolar lavage. The levels of cortisol were slowly corrected with an adrenal enzyme inhibitor, and the exacerbation of PCP was successfully avoided. Our case indicates that in addition to prophylaxis, the early diagnosis of PCP and the slow correction of hypercortisolemia should be considered in order to prevent an exacerbation due to the reconstitution of the immune function in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Carriage among Young Children in Metropolitan Atlanta in the Context of Vaccine Shortage and Booster Dose Deferral (2011)

Short-term deferral of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine booster dose during a recent U.S. Hib vaccine shortage did not result in widespread Hib carriage in Atlanta, as the Hib carriage rate was found to be 0.3% (1/342). Hib colonization was significantly more common among males and day care attendees.