gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D sulfonated graphene hydrogel for enhanced chemical sensing (2017)

One-step, hydrothermal synthesized 3D sulfonated reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (S-RGOH) is employed to fabricate a chemical sensor with high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast response and reversibility toward several gases. Compared with unmodified RGOH counterparts, the 3D NaHSO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> functionalized S-RGOH sensor exhibits 61.3 and 58.9 times higher responses to NO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and NH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> respectively. A low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.1 ppb and 1.48 ppm for NO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and NH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , respectively, has been achieved. The sensor exhibits fast and complete recovery at room temperature. Importantly, for the first time, the characteristics of a linear fitted response-temperature relationship are exploited to discriminate many different gases. An integrated microheater is deployed to modulate substrate temperature rapidly with low power consumption.
ChemInform Abstract: (α‐ETHOXYALKENYL)TINS: NEW REAGENTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1983)

Abstract Das Tributylstannylformaldehyddiethylacetal (I) reagiert mit Acetylehlorid zum Chlor‐ethoxy‐Derivat (II), das mit den ungesättigten Grignardverbindungen (III) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IV) führt.
Strong magneto-optical enhancement in highly Ce-substituted iron garnet films by sputtering (abstract) (1991)

Recently we succeeded in growing epitaxial films of Ce-substituted iron garnet (Y3−xCexFe5O12) with so much substitution as up to x=1.5, which strongly enhances magneto-optical (MO) effect in the near IR region around hν=1.4 eV.1 The enhancement per Ce ion surpasses that by Bi3+ ion in the IR region which has been the champion of the MO enhancement for 20 years. In this study we have measured the Faraday effect of the Ce-substituted garnet films in an extended photon energy range of hν=1–4 eV in order to elucidate the role of Ce3+ in the MO enhancement. The films (R3−xCexFe5O12: R=Y, Gd, Yb, x=0–3.0) were epitaxially grown in situ on Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) and Nd3Ga5O12 (NGG) single-crystal substrates by conventional rf diode sputtering. For R=Y the Ce substitution was successfully extended to x=2.5 by sputtering under the reduced atmosphere of Ar+H2. The Ce substitution prominently enhanced Faraday effect not only in the IR region at hν=1.4 eV but also in the UV region at hν=3.1 eV, both having a paramagnetic dispersion relation with nearly equal magnitude though opposite in sign. We also found a new optical absorption due to Ce3+ at hν =2.0 eV which does not enhance the Faraday effect.
Lipoprotein Subclasses and Particle Sizes and Their Relationship With Coronary Artery Calcification in Men and Women With and Without Type 1 Diabetes (2002)

Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis, especially in women, even though such patients often have an apparently normal lipid profile. We examined whether lipoprotein particle sizes and subclasses differed between type 1 diabetic subjects (n = 194, age 30-55 years) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 195). We examined whether any abnormalities were of similar magnitude in men and women. The relationship of particle size to electron beam computer tomography-defined coronary artery calcification, a measure of atherosclerosis, was also examined. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to quantify VLDL, LDL, and HDL subclass levels and average particle size on fasting samples. LDL size and subclass were similar in diabetic and nondiabetic men. In contrast, in women diabetes was associated with less large and more small LDL and a reduced LDL size (mean difference 0.2 nm; P = 0.0009). This greater effect of diabetes on LDL size in women compared with men was significant (P = 0.007). Diabetes was associated with more large and less small HDL and, to a similar degree in both sexes, a higher HDL size (difference of 0.4 nm in men and 0.3 nm in women; both P < 0.0001). There were no definitive abnormalities in VLDL size. In nondiabetic subjects, lower average HDL particle size, lower LDL size, and higher VLDL size were significantly associated with coronary calcification (P = 0.001, 0.02, and 0.04, respectively). Thus the HDL size differences with diabetes would be expected to be antiatherogenic and the LDL size differences pro-atherogenic. However, there was no clear relationship between particle size and calcification in diabetic subjects. We conclude that in the general population NMR spectroscopy-derived particle size reveals important information about the atherogenicity of lipoprotein profile. Type 1 diabetes is associated with differences in NMR-derived particle size, but their pathogenic significance is unclear.
Study protocol of the German "Registry for the Detection of Late Sequelae after Radiotherapy in Childhood and Adolescence" (RiSK) (2008)

To our knowledge, "RiSK" is the only multi-centre study that evaluates radiation associated side effects prospectively with detailed information about organ dose levels. With ongoing recruitment and prolongation of follow-up powerful data will be obtained in a few years. A broad use and international cooperation are welcome.
Laser Processing of Reflective Materials (2013)

Abstract The favourable strength to density ratio of metals and alloys, as well as their good formability and weld‐ability characteristics, are some of the reasons why they account for over half the materials in industrial applications. The most common groups of engineering metals and alloys are steels, titanium alloys, nickel alloys and reflective materials such as aluminium, copper, silver and gold. Compared to traditional techniques, lasers offer manufacturers a highly accurate, easily repeatable, automated and non‐contact means of processing these materials. Their use helps drive down costs and drive up manufacturing quality by reducing tool wear, eliminating the need for additional finishing, improving overall product quality and maximising material usage.
Stabilization of epinephrine in a local anesthetic injectable solution using reduced levels of sodium metabisulfite and edta (1992)

The effect of sodium metabisulfite concentration upon the stability of epinephrine in a Lidocaine HCl with Epinephrine solution was evaluated using an elevated temperature (60°C) screen for up to 35 days. Long term room temperature data (23°C) was collected and evaluated for up to forty months and substantiated the results observed in the accelerated studies. Enhancement of the epinephrine chemical stability was predicated upon a tenfold reduction in the metabisulfite level from 0.05% to 0.005% plus the inclusion of a specific chelating agent, disodium edetate, into the formula. Protection from light is of optimum importance since more rapid photolytic degradation occurred in the experimental formula than in the control. In two distinct packages, 20 ml glass vials and 1.8 ml glass cartridges, the epinephrine stability was found to be significantly improved (p < 0.05) compared to a control, suggesting the possibility of increased expiration dating.
Unusual polypoidal tumours of the nasal cavity: a clinicopathological review of 18 cases (2009)

A variety of nasal conditions may present as simple polypi. Clinically, these lesions, some very rare, present a diagnostic problem. Eighteen cases of unusual lesions which were thought to be simple polyps on clinical grounds are reviewed with the relevant literature. The series includes 2 olfactory neuroblastomas, a haemangiopericytoma and a basal encephalocoele. Atypical features from the history and examination are highlighted. It is emphasized that every nasal polyp must be submitted for histological examination and the pathology report consulted when the patient is reviewed. Failure to do so delays appropriate treatment.
3D mesh processing using GAMer 2 to enable reaction-diffusion simulations in realistic cellular geometries (2019)

Recent advances in electron microscopy have enabled the imaging of single cells in 3D at nanometer length scale resolutions. An uncharted frontier for in silico biology is the ability to simulate cellular processes using these observed geometries. Enabling such simulations requires watertight meshing of electron micrograph images into 3D volume meshes, which can then form the basis of computer simulations of such processes using numerical techniques such as the Finite Element Method. In this paper, we describe the use of our recently rewritten mesh processing software, GAMer 2, to bridge the gap between poorly conditioned meshes generated from segmented micrographs and boundary marked tetrahedral meshes which are compatible with simulation. We demonstrate the application of a workflow using GAMer 2 to a series of electron micrographs of neuronal dendrite morphology explored at three different length scales and show that the resulting meshes are suitable for finite element simulations. This work is an important step towards making physical simulations of biological processes in realistic geometries routine. Innovations in algorithms to reconstruct and simulate cellular length scale phenomena based on emerging structural data will enable realistic physical models and advance discovery at the interface of geometry and cellular processes. We posit that a new frontier at the intersection of computational technologies and single cell biology is now open.
Simulation of the capture process in the Fermilab Booster (1987)

A progress report on efforts to understand and improve adiabatic capture in the Fermilab Booster by experiment and simulation is presented. In particular, a new RF voltage program for capture which ameliorates transverse space-charge effects is described and simulated. 7 refs., 4 figs.
Units, Conversion Factors, and Physical Constants (1998)

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Screen for MAOA mutations in target human groups (1999)

Brunner et al. [1993: Am J Hum Genet 52: 1032-1039; 1993: Science 262:578-580] described males with an MAO-A deficiency state resulting from a premature stop codon in the coding region of the MAOA gene. This deficiency state was associated with abnormal levels of amines and amine metabolites in urine and plasma of affected males, as well as low normal intelligence and apparent difficulty in impulse control, including inappropriate sexual behavior. In the present study, disruption of the MAOA gene was evaluated in males with mental retardation with and without a history of sexually deviant behavior, as well as normal controls, healthy males, and patients with other diseases (Parkinson disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome). When available, plasma samples were evaluated first for levels of 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenolglycol (MHPG), a metabolite of norepinephrine which serves as the most sensitive index of MAO-A activity in humans. Blood DNA from individuals with abnormally low MHPG, and from other individuals for whom metabolite levels were not available, were screened for nucleotide variations in the coding region of the MAOA gene by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis across all 15 exons and splice junctions, and by sequencing, when indicated by either altered metabolites or SSCP shifts. No evidence for mutations disrupting the MAOA gene was found in 398 samples from the target populations, including institutionalized mentally retarded males (N = 352) and males participating in a sexual disorders clinic (N = 46), as well as control groups (N = 75). These studies indicate that MAOA deficiency states are not common in humans.
Exclusive expression of G‐CSF receptor on myeloid progenitors in bone marrow CD34+ cells (2000)

Although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to act on cells of neutrophilic lineage, the administration of G-CSF to induce the mobilization of various haematopoietic progenitors into the circulation. We analysed the expression of receptors for G-CSF (G-CSFR) on human bone marrow and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells, and examined the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of sorted CD34+G-CSFR+ and CD34+G-CSFR- cells using methylcellulose clonal culture. Flow cytometric analysis showed that G-CSFR was expressed on 14.9 +/- 4.9% of bone marrow CD34+ cells, most of which were included in CD34+CD33+ and CD34+CD38+ cell fractions. In clonal cultures, CD34+G-CSFR+ cells produced only myeloid colonies, whereas CD34+G-CSFR- cells produced erythroid bursts, megakaryocyte and multilineage colonies. When incubated with the cytokine cocktail for 5 d, CD34+G-CSFR- cells generated CD34+G-CSFR+ myeloid progenitors. In G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood, CD34+ cells contained 10.8 +/- 5.8% of G-CSFR+ cells, most of which were also myeloid progenitors, although CD34+G-CSFR- cells contained a substantial number of myeloid progenitors. These results indicated that the expression of G-CSFR on CD34+ cells is restricted to myeloid progenitors, suggesting that the specific activity of G-CSF on myelopoiesis depends on the exclusive expression of its receptor on myeloid progenitors, and that the mobilization of various haematopoietic progenitors is not a direct effect of G-CSF in humans.
Sphere of Influence Model in Information Retrieval (2005)

We present a new method based on fuzzy proximity for scoring and ranking relevant documents according to the user's information need. Our study takes place in the information retrieval domain and uses the terms localization in documents, we assume that the more the occurrences of the query terms are found close to each other in a document the more this document must be in the top of the retrieved document list. After a brief description of some traditional models and the few approaches which use proximity between the occurrences of terms, we present our "sphere of influence" model which scores documents according to the fuzzy proximity between the query terms in them. First, we detail this model and then we demonstrate that our model includes the traditional ones
Renal Artery Aneurysms (2017)

Symptomatic renal artery aneurysms and those coexisting with functionally important renal artery stenoses warrant operative treatment. Asymptomatic aneurysms greater than 2 cm in diameter, especially in hypertensive patients, justify treatment by experienced interventionists; aneurysms lesser than 2 cm in diameter provide a relative indication for elective treatment, but only when a high degree of suspicion exists that they are the cause of refractory renovascular hypertension (HTN). Improvement in blood pressure (BP) has been observed in patients undergoing surgical treatment of their renal artery aneurysms without known coexisting stenotic disease. Some surgeons, usually those with practices involving renal transplantation, prefer to undertake ex vivo reconstruction of the renal arteries when multiple aneurysms involve the segmental vessels. Laparoscopic aneurysmectomy and renal artery reconstructive surgery have been advocated by several contemporary surgeons. Aneurysmectomy and reimplantation may be appropriate when the aneurysm is so intimately involved with the segmental branches that its excision necessitates a formal arterial reconstruction.
Comminuted Posterior Wall Acecabular Fractures. A Biomechanical Evaluation of Fixation Methods (1992)

Goulet, J. A.; Mason, D. J.; Rouleau, J. P.; Mast, J. W.; Goldstein, S. A. Author Information
Semantic indexing of a competence map to support scientific collaboration in a research community (2007)

This paper describes a methodology to semiautomatically acquire a taxonomy of terms and term definitions in a specific research domain. The taxonomy is then used for semantic search and indexing of a knowledge base of scientific competences, called Knowledge Map. The KMap is a system to support research collaborations and sharing of results within and beyond a European Network of Excellence. The methodology is general and can be applied to model any web community- starting from the documents shared and exchanged among the community members-and to use this model for improving accessibility of data and knowledge repositories. 1
Microbial oil production from palm oil empty fruit bunch hydrolysates (2015)

This study explores the potential use of empty fruit bunch (EFB) residues from palm oil processing residues, as an alternative feedstock for microbial oil production. EFB is a readily available, lignocellulosic biomass that provides cheaper substrates for oil production in comparison to the use of pure sugars. In this study, potential oleaginous microorganisms were selected based on a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) framework which utilised Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) aided by Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA). The MCA framework was used to evaluate several strains of microalgae (Chlorella protothecoides and Chlorella zofingiensis), yeasts (Cryptococcus albidus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae and Mucor plumbeus) on glucose, xylose and glycerol. Based on the results of PROMETHEE rankings and GAIA plane, fungal strains A. oryzae and M. plumbeus and yeast strain R. mucilaginosa showed great promise for oil production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The study further cultivated A. oryzae, M. plumbeus and R. mucilaginosa on EFB hydrolysates for oil production. EFB was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid, followed by enzymatic saccharification of solid residue. Hydrolysates tested in this study are detoxified liquid hydrolysates (LH) and enzymatic hydrolysate (EH).
Crystal structure of piperazine-1,4-diium bis(salicylate), (C4H12N2)(C7H5O3)2 (2002)

Article Crystal structure of piperazine-1,4-diium bis(salicylate), (C4H12N2)(C7H5O3)2 was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 217, issue JG).
Albumin Dialysis MARS: Knowledge from 10 Years of Clinical Investigation (2009)

A decade ago, albumin dialysis was introduced as a new extracorporeal detoxification method for patients with liver failure. Today, the molecular adsorbent recirculating system is the most frequently used type of albumin dialysis and most studied liver-support technique. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated the importance of albumin as a scavenger for molecules with pathophysiological relevance in liver failure. Albumin dialysis enables the selective regeneration of albumin. The resulting increase of albumin binding capacity is paralleled by improvement of central and local hemodynamics and liver, brain, and kidney functions. The treatment can contribute to liver regeneration and prolongation of patient survival in the context of acute liver failure, decompensated chronic liver disease, and bridging of patients to liver transplantation. Proper patient selection is critical for clinical success. Aggressive treatment of infections and sepsis seems to be a decisive prerequisite for its safe and efficient use. Cautious anticoagulation with heparin is the common standard. Citrate use is recommended for patients prone to bleeding. Taken together, albumin dialysis represents a valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment of various types of liver failure. Ongoing and future studies will help define the optimal patient selection and technical process parameters such as session length and frequency of treatment.
Modeling Chamber Transport for Heavy-Ion Fusion (2003)

In a typical thick-liquid-wall scenario for heavy-ion fusion (HIF), between 70 and 200 high-current beams approach the target chamber in entry pipes and propagate ~3 m to the target. Since molten-salt jets are planned to protect the chamber wall, the beams move through vapor from the jets, and collisions between beam ions and this background gas both strip the ions and ionize the gas molecules. Radiation from the preheated target causes further beam stripping and gas ionization. Because of this stripping, beams for HIF are expected to require substantial neutralization in a target chamber. Much recent research has, therefore, focused on beam neutralization by electron sources that were neglected in earlier simulations, including emission from walls and the target, photoionization by the target radiation, and preneutralization by a plasma generated along the beam path. When these effects are included in simulations with practicable beam and chamber parameters, the resulting focal spot is approximately the size required by a distributed radiator target.
Facies dolomíticas de sistemas lacustres miocenos en las cuencas del Duero y de Madrid. Rasgos indicativos de su origen microbiano (2006)

This work is centred on the dolomite facies from lower middle Miocene sedimentary successions of the Madrid and Duero basins, Central Spain. The general sedimentary context for dolomite bearing formations is well established in mudflat-(saline) lake systems developed in closed basins. Traditionally, early diagenetic dolomitization processes of carbonate precursors have been invoked to explain the dolomite formation in those sedimentary environments. However, the sedimentary, isotopic, mineralogical and petrographic results support that dolomite was formed as a primary product linked to microbial activity. The epicellular precipitation of dolomite on coccoid bacteria accounted for the formation of diagnostic hollow crystals. High intracrystalline porosity rates, and poor crystallized morphologies are also typical textures of the dolomite crystals. In spite of the lithostratigraphic and the spatial variability of the study successions, the dolomite features show scare variability, which confirms that microbial imprints can be preserved in the geological record, and validates its use as biomarkers.
Electrical Characterization of Glycerin: Water Mixtures: Implications for Use as a Coupling Medium in Microwave Tomography (2017)

We examine the broadband behavior of complex electrical properties of glycerin and water mixtures over the frequency range of 0.1 - 25.0 GHz, especially as they relate to using these liquids as coupling media for microwave tomographic imaging. Their combination is unique in that they are mutually miscible over the full range of concentrations which allows them to be tailored to dielectric property matching for biological tissues. While the resultant mixture properties are partially driven by differences in the inherent low frequency permittivity of each constituent, relaxation frequency shifts play a disproportionately larger role in increasing the permittivity dispersion while also dramatically increasing the effective conductivity over the frequency range of 1 to 3 GHz. For the full range of mixture ratios, the relaxation frequency shifts from 17.5 GHz for 0% glycerin to less than 0.1 GHz for 100% glycerin. Of particular interest is the fact that the conductivity stays above 1.0 S/m over the 1-3 GHz range for glycerin mixture ratios (70-90% glycerin) we use for microwave breast tomography. The high level of attenuation is critical for suppressing unwanted multipath signals. This paper presents a full characterization of these liquids along with a discussion of their benefits and limitations in the context of microwave tomography.