gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wetting behavior above the liquid-crystal–isotropic transition in a homologous series (2000)

An ellipsometric study of the wetting behavior at the free surface above the isotropic to nematic or isotropic to smectic-A transition of nine homologous compounds with even alkyl chain lengths n in the range from four to twenty carbon atoms is presented. All compounds show a pretransitional increase of the nematic or smectic surface coverage as the bulk isotropic to liquid-crystal transition is approached from above. The behavior of the nematic compounds (n=4 to 10) can be interpreted, within the framework of a Landau model, as complete wetting. In short nematic homologs the divergence of the nematic coverage is strongly reduced by a decrease of the nematic susceptibility of the isotropic phase. The elastic coefficient L of the Landau model shows a pronounced increase with increasing n, resulting in the occurrence of a discontinuous prewetting transition in the shortest smectic homolog (n=12) that is still describable by the nematic Landau model. In the longer smectic homologs (n=14 to 20), layering steps appear in the pretransitional increase of the coverage. The results indicate probable partial wetting for the longest homolog, whereas for the other smectic compounds the distinction between complete and partial wetting is difficult on the basis of ellipsometry.
Sport an der Dialyse? (2010)

„The 'disconnect' between nephrologists' view of the importance of physical activity for their patients and the lack of actual practice of providing programs for exercise for patients in the clinics or even recommendations as a part of the routine care is curious.“ (Cheema BS, Singh MA. Am J Nephrol 2005; 25: 352–364)
Cleavage of human complement component C5 by cysteine proteinases from Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis. Prior oxidation of C5 augments proteinase digestion of C5 (1996)

Since severe periodontitis is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with cellular infiltration and microbial overgrowth, plasma proteins could be exposed to both proteinases and oxidants released from the granulocytes, as well as to proteinases from the microorganisms. When human complement component C5 was digested by cysteine proteinases (i.e. gingipain-R and gingipain-K) from Porphyromonas gingivalis, limited cleavage of the C5 molecule was observed. If C5 was first oxidized by hydroxyl radicals, these gingipains converted modified C5 to fragments that exhibited significantly greater pro-inflammatory activity than did digests of unmodified C5. After cleavage of oxidized C5 by gingipain-R, the digest exhibited measurably greater neutrophil enzyme release and chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) compared with the activities of unoxidized C5 digests. Gingipain-K generates virtually no polarization or chemotactic activity of human PMNs from C5, nor is enzyme release stimulated by these C5 digests. However, when oxidized C5 was digested by gingipain-K, human PMNs were stimulated for polarization, chemotaxis and enzyme release indicating that an active fragment had been generated. Proteolysis of oxidized C5 evokes greater neutrophil activation than does proteolysis of unoxidized protein, a fact which supports the hypothesis that oxidation and proteolysis may be coupled to enhance the destructive effects of the inflammatory process. These results, in which digests of both oxidized and unmodified complement component C5 were evaluated, support the general concept that oxidation and proteolysis may participate cooperatively in amplifying both the severity and duration of the inflammatory reaction.
A high performance 16-Mb DRAM technology (1990)

A high performance 16-Mb DRAM technology is presented. The key issues that must be considered to achieve high yield and reduced cost are described. Technology elements include: deep trench capacitor node with thick oxide collar for improved packing density, variable-size shallow trench isolation (STI) for device performance and ease of integration, polysilicon surface strap to connect the capacitor node to the transfer device, and smoothed dep/etched phosphosilicate glass (PSG) passivation. The application of the above technology elements in conjunction with the MINT cell structure makes it possible to achieve a DRAM cell size of 4.13 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , using six 0.5-μm critical-dimension and 0.2-μm overlay lithography levels. Up to ten sequential process steps are performed in a single cluster. A 50-ns access time has been demonstrated
Bertrand games between multi-class queues (2009)

We develop a framework to study differentiated services when there are competing network providers. We adopt a multi-class queueing model, where providers post prices for various service classes. Traffic is elastic and users are Quality of Service (QoS)-sensitive, and choose a queue and a class with one of the providers. We model the relationship between capacity, QoS and prices offered by service providers in a competitive network services market. We establish sufficient conditions for existence of Nash equilibrium in the multi-class queueing game.
The ‘KMSKS' Motif in Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Participates in the Initial Binding of tRNATyr (1999)

Variants at each position of the 'KMSKS' signature motif in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase have been analyzed to test the hypothesis that this motif is involved in catalysis of the second step of the aminoacylation reaction (i.e., the transfer of tyrosine from the enzyme-bound tyrosyl-adenylate intermediate to the tRNA(Tyr) substrate). Pre-steady-state kinetic studies show that while the rate constants for tyrosine transfer (k(4)) are similar to the wild-type value for all of the mobile loop variants, the K230A and K233A variants have increased dissociation constants (K(d)(tRNA)( )()= 2.4 and 1.7 microM, respectively) relative to the wild-type enzyme (K(d)(tRNA)( )()= 0.39 microM). In contrast, the K(d)(tRNA) values for the F231L, G232A, and T234A variants are similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. The K(d)(tRNA) value for a loop deletion variant, Delta(227-234), is similar to that for the K230A/K233A double mutant variant (3.4 and 3.0 microM, respectively). Double mutant free energy cycle analysis indicates there is a synergistic interaction between the side chains of K230 and K233 during the initial binding of tRNA(Tyr) (DeltaDeltaG(int) = -0.74 kcal/mol). These results suggest that while the 'KMSKS' motif is important for the initial binding of tRNA(Tyr) to tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, it does not play a catalytic role in the second step of the reaction. These studies provide the first kinetic evidence that the 'KMSKS' motif plays a role in the initial binding of tRNA(Tyr) to tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase.
CT angiography with spiral CT and maximum intensity projection. (1992)

The authors describe a technique for obtaining angiographic images by means of spiral computed tomography (CT), preprocessing of reconstructed three-dimensional sections to suppress bone, and maximum intensity projection. The technique has some limitations, but preliminary results in 48 patients have shown excellent anatomic correlation with conventional angiography in studies of the abdomen, the circle of Willis in the brain, and the extracranial carotid arteries. With continued development and evaluation, CT angiography may prove useful as a screening tool or replacement for conventional angiography in some patients.
Abstract 891: A novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one/Schiff base hybrid phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for leukemia (2018)

Abstract Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a secondary messenger that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that catabolize cyclic nucleotides to relay cellular signals. Among them, PDE4 is a cAMP-specific PDE isozyme family and several PDE4 inhibitors have been developed to treat a diverse group of diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although PDE4 inhibitors have been demonstrated to induce cell death in solid tumors, their therapeutic potential in treatment of hematopoietic malignancies has not been well studied. Our analysis on the expression pattern of PDE family demonstrated that PDE4B is abundantly expressed in blood cancers compared to other solid tumors, implicating PDE4 as a potential therapeutic target for leukemia. N-acylhydrazone and nitraquazone are potent PDE inhibitors that are structurally unrelated to rolipram, a prototypical PDE4 inhibitor. To develop novel PDE4 inhibitors with increased scaffold rigidity, we hybridized N-acylhydrazone with Nitraquazone, and designed a series of quinazolin-4(3H)-one/schiff base hybrid compounds. Among those, compound 23 (CPD23) showed the best activity in PDE4B inhibition, and was selected for further studies. Our results showed that CPD23 treatment leads to growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of several human leukemia cell lines. Since cAMP is a well-studied secondary messenger for megakaryopoesis and apoptosis, we continued to elucidate CPD23's mechanism of action in several megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. While other well-known PDE4 inhibitors, such as rolipram, did not show any effect in cell viability, CPD23 significantly decreases the viability of megakaryoblastic cell lines. Further studies on molecular actions revealed that CPD23 caused double-stranded DNA breaks, which was detected by increased ϒH2AX levels. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments also demonstrated that CPD23 induces transcriptional activation of megakaryocytic differentiation markers, such as CD61, in selective cell lines. Taken together, our study shows that CPD23, synthesized as a quinazolin-4(3H)-one/schiff base hybrid PDE4 inhibitor, decreases proliferation, induces double-stranded DNA breaks, and differentiation in megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. Further studies will enhance our knowledge on detailed molecular actions of CPD23 and its therapeutic value for leukemia. Citation Format: Alexander Richard, Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman, Jung Hyun Kim, Lana Vukadin, Gary A. Piazza, Eun-Young E. Ahn. A novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one/Schiff base hybrid phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 891.
DNA separation and enrichment using electro-hydrodynamic bidirectional flows in viscoelastic liquids (2016)

DNA size separation followed by purification and enrichment constitute essential operations for genetic engineering.
How Feasible Are Star Wars Mid-air Displays (2007)

There has been wide interest and even enthusiasm towards 3D and mid-air displays for well over a century. Recently many kinds of "holographic" displays have been seen in sci-fi movies like Star Wars <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> etc. Media or 3D display manufacturers nowadays often claim that a specific novel display is like the ones seen in Star Wars. We survey and assess if how and to what extent the Star Wars mid-air displays are realizable with contemporary display technology, what are the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches, and when we can expect the mid-air displays to take over the display market.
Gradient-Doped Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids Enable Thermophotovoltaic Harvesting of Waste Heat (2016)

Electromagnetic radiation emitted from hot objects represents a sizable source of energy, one that in most applications is not harvested efficiently. Even for a blackbody at 800 °C, the radiation intensity peaks near 2.7 μm wavelength, and this requires a semiconductor absorber having a band gap in the short-wavelength infrared and beyond to enable thermophotovoltaic (TPV) heat recovery. Here we report the first solution-processed TPV device to harvest efficiently 800 °C heat. The active layer consists of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), infrared-absorbing nanoparticles synthesized using a scalable solution-based method, having 0.75 eV band gap. We construct rectifying junction devices based on controllably p- and n-doped CQD solids that benefit from a gradient in electron affinity that extends over the devices’ thickness. The gradient-doped architecture relies on engineered charge carrier drift and overcomes the existing limitations of small band gap CQD solids. The devices provide 2.7% efficiency in the conversion of optical power from above-band gap photons from a blackbody source at 800 ± 20 °C into electrical power. The cells were thermally stable up to 140 °C, increasing the promise of CQD solids for TPV applications.
5α-Reductase 2 Gene Mutations in Three Unrelated Patients of Greek Cypriot Origin: Identification of an Ancestral Founder Effect (2005)

The same mutation in the SRD5A2 gene was identified in three unrelated patients, in both homozygous and heterozygous form. This splice mutation was previously reported in Turkish patients. This underlying genetic abnormality may be characteristic for the Eastern Mediterranean region and is likely due to an ancestor effect.
Partial Response Signaling with a Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation Receiver (1980)

This thesis evaluates a bandwidth efficient data transmitting system which is modelled as a PRS system. A maximum likelihood receiver implementing VA is assumed at the receiving end. An algorithm is developed to compute a fundamental performance parameter of the system, called the free distance. 99% energy bandwidth and intersymbol interference (lSI) degradation are used to measure the performance of the system. Nonlinear programming and minimax methods are applied to find the optimal channel codes under different criteria. Three different sets of optimal channel codes have been found; first, the worst-case channel codes in terms of lSI degradation, secondly, the minimum 99% energy bandwidth channel codes and finally the minimum 99% energy bandwidth channel with fixed lSI degradation constraint. Two PRS systems with different pulse shaping filter are considered. First, an ideal low pass filter with minimum Nyquist bandwidth is evaluated for channel lengths up to twelve. Then a spectral raised-cosine filter with roll-off factor equal to one is evaluated for channel lengths up to four. The two PRS systems show that a longer channel can have better performance in consideration of both bandwidth and lSI degradation. The raised cosine filter causes no performance penalty in narrow band channels.
Long-acting somatostatin analogue (Sandostatin) reduces late night insulinopenic ketogenesis in diabetic teenagers (1987)

Ten diabetic teenagers were admitted into our hospital for two nights, separated by one week. In a double-blind cross-over randomized study they received either 50 micrograms of the new long-acting somatostatin analogue Sandostatin sc or placebo. All patients were between 12 and 16 years of age, C-peptide negative with a duration of diabetes of at least four years. They had either conventional therapy or insulin pump therapy. Insulin doses and diets were kept unchanged. Blood samples were taken half hourly from 17.00 h until 09.30 h the next morning from an indwelling venous catheter. Hormonal and metabolic profiles on the two nights were evaluated by means of a distribution free time sequential co-movement analysis and by the paired Wilcoxon's signed rank test. After Sandostatin was given at 22.00 h, GH levels were significantly suppressed during 4 h. During that period blood glucose was slightly but significantly lower than after placebo. The free-insulin profiles from both nights were very comparable. Co-movement analysis showed a significant correlation between glucose and free insulin variations with a 30-min backward shift of the glucose curve. However, after Sandostatin administration this relation was lost in the period between 22.00 and 07.00 h, indicating a different effect of insulin on glucose levels during the nights Sandostatin was given. Early morning glucose rises were associated with free insulin levels below 20 mU/l. This association was not altered during the Sandostatin nights. Glucagon was not suppressed by Sandostatin except at 120 min after injection, and remained unchanged during the rest of the observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dose-escalation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer - evaluation of quality of life with and without 18F-choline PET-CT detected simultaneous integrated boost (2012)

Treatment planning with (18)F-choline PET-CT allows a dose escalation to a macroscopic intraprostatic lesion without significantly increasing toxicity.
Kidney Transplantation in Nephropathic Cystinosis: Outcomes in The 21ST Century. (2014)

Background: Nephropathic cystinosis (NC) is an autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disease affecting about 500 individuals in North America. Presenting in infancy with Fanconi syndrome and growth retardation, long term complications include renal failure, myopathy, diabetes, and CNS deterioration. With the advent of cysteamine therapy, life expectancy has improved and the need for renal replacement therapy delayed into adolescence. While prior studies of NC recipients have shown better patient and graft survivals compared to non-NC recipients, these studies were primarily in pediatric recipients, using non-contemporary immunosuppression. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of older recipient age and current transplant practices on outcomes in NC recipients. Methods: Kidney-only recipients with a primary diagnosis of NC from SRTR 2003-2013 [n=200] were matched to general kidney-only recipients (1:1) based on age, race, gender, pre-emptive transplant status, donor type (living or deceased), and re-transplantation. Death-censored graft survival (DCGS) and patient survival (PS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and compared using log-rank and Cox models (Hazard Ratio [HR]). Results: Among recipients with NC, the median age at transplant was 17y (range: 13-27y). 51% were male and 84% Caucasian, reflecting the genetic preponderance of the disease. 56% received living donor transplants, 45.5% were transplanted pre-emptively before dialysis, and 22% underwent re-transplant. Compared to the general recipient population, there was no statistically significant difference in DCGS [10yr NC 64.2% vs. non-NC 46.3%, p=0.71; HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.41-1.38, p=0.36] (A). However, NC recipients demonstrated a trend toward significantly lower PS [10yr NC 83.4% vs. non-NC 92.5%, p=0.076] (B) and a 3-fold increased risk for patient death [HR 3.0; 95% CI 0.97-9.30 p=0.06].Figure: No Caption available.Conclusion: While prior studies have shown improved outcomes in recipients with NC, our data indicate that long term patient survival is worse in NC recipients. This may reflect the later complications of cystinosis, and mandates a transition of care to adult centers that includes a management plan for cystinosis. DISCLOSURES:Mannon, R.: Other, Raptor, Advisory Board Member.
Specifying and measuring the noise level of electric motors in operation (2002)

A sound-intensity noise testing approach for rotating electrical machinery is described. Tests have been performed on actual motors to demonstrate the method, and results are presented to illustrate its validity. It is concluded that loaded motors can be successfully tested for noise output, and it is argued that IEEE noise testing standards be expanded to include the testing of loaded machines, including use of the sound-intensity method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intense microwave generation from a non-neutral rotating E layer (1981)

The radiation produced by a hollow, non-neutral, rotating, relativistic E layer propagating inside a coaxial cylindrical drift tube has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured radiation spectrum is very broadband in agreement with theory, though a shift in the spectrum can be achieved by a preloaded azimuthal density structure.
Data from Phase Ib Study of Enzalutamide in Combination with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Preclinical evidence suggests that both docetaxel and enzalutamide target androgen receptor translocation and signaling. This phase Ib study assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of docetaxel when administered with enzalutamide as first-line systemic chemotherapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Docetaxel-naïve patients received 21-day cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Enzalutamide (160 mg/day) was administered daily starting on day 2 of cycle 1. Patients were allowed to stop and restart docetaxel at any time following cycle 2. Treatment continued indefinitely until unacceptable toxicity or discontinuation due to investigator or patient preference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 22 patients received docetaxel, of whom 21 also received enzalutamide. Docetaxel was administered for a median of 5.0 cycles and enzalutamide for a median of 12.0 months. With concomitant treatment, geometric mean docetaxel exposure decreased by 11.8%, whereas peak concentrations decreased by 3.7% relative to docetaxel alone. The most common toxicities observed during the period of concomitant therapy were neutropenia (86.4%) and fatigue (77.3%). Common toxicities observed with post-docetaxel enzalutamide were constipation (23.8%), decreased appetite (19.0%), fatigue (19.0%), and musculoskeletal pain (19.0%). Treatment with enzalutamide and docetaxel resulted in prostate-specific antigen decreases in almost all patients based on exploratory analysis of available baseline and on-study prostate-specific antigen data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The combination of docetaxel and enzalutamide is feasible, although higher rates of neutropenia and neutropenic fever than anticipated were observed. Reductions in docetaxel exposure with enzalutamide coadministration were not considered clinically meaningful. This combination warrants further study in a larger mCRPC population. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3774–81. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optical particle sizing in backscatter (2002)

Several possibilities for the use of elastic light scattering in the backscatter range (scattering angle theta(s) > 140 deg) for determination of size, velocity, and refractive index of spherical particles are investigated. First the phase Doppler technique is considered. Numerical simulations of light scattering with the Lorenz-Mie theory are used to show that the phase Doppler technique is unsuitable for such backscatter configurations, except for special measurement conditions. The time-shift (or pulse-displacement) technique is then considered by use of the Fourier-Lorenz-Mie theory. Simulations show that up to four fractional signals can be obtained by use of the technique in backscatter, corresponding to the scattering order or modes: surface wave (long path), reflection, second-order refraction (inner path), and a mixture of second-order refraction (outer path) and surface wave (short path). Signal characteristics as a function of particle size, refractive index, and particle ellipticity are studied. Suggestions for a practical measurement instrument are put forward.