gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massively scalable Kerr comb-driven silicon photonic link (2023)

Abstract The growth of computing needs for artificial intelligence and machine learning is critically challenging data communications in today’s data-centre systems. Data movement, dominated by energy costs and limited ‘chip-escape’ bandwidth densities, is perhaps the singular factor determining the scalability of future systems. Using light to send information between compute nodes in such systems can dramatically increase the available bandwidth while simultaneously decreasing energy consumption. Through wavelength-division multiplexing with chip-based microresonator Kerr frequency combs, independent information channels can be encoded onto many distinct colours of light in the same optical fibre for massively parallel data transmission with low energy. Although previous high-bandwidth demonstrations have relied on benchtop equipment for filtering and modulating Kerr comb wavelength channels, data-centre interconnects require a compact on-chip form factor for these operations. Here we demonstrate a massively scalable chip-based silicon photonic data link using a Kerr comb source enabled by a new link architecture and experimentally show aggregate single-fibre data transmission of 512 Gb s −1 across 32 independent wavelength channels. The demonstrated architecture is fundamentally scalable to hundreds of wavelength channels, enabling massively parallel terabit-scale optical interconnects for future green hyperscale data centres.
Exotic Domain States in Ferroelectrics: Searching for Vortices and Skyrmions (2012)

Very recent experimental and theoretical work has sought to find out whether or not complex arrangements of dipoles (such as flux-closure, vortex or skyrmion patterns) exist in ferroelectrics. While there is undoubtedly still considerable work to be done, enough insight has now been gained to warrant a brief discussion of progress to date. This review article attempts to undertake such a discussion.
Material Structure of Germanium-Doped Optical Fibers and Preforms (1975)

The structural characteristics of preforms and optical fibers fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition were studied by optical, interference, and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the structural features resulting from the deposition process are preserved through subsequent processing and appear in the fiber with the exception of a region at the center of the fiber. Here, selective evaporation of dopant material from the inner surface of the deposit results in a refractive index depression on the axis of the optical waveguide.
Modeling in Organotin Chemistry Using NMR Restraints:  A Case Study on the 9R,12S-[tBu2Sn]2O Derivative of Erythromycin A (1999)

The 9R,12S-[tBu2Sn]2O derivative of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin A (ErySn-A) is obtained as the sole regio- and stereospecific reaction product from the condensation reaction of (tBu2SnOPr)2O with erythromycin A in benzene solution. Complete resonance assignments were achieved, and the covalent structure was derived using various one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR techniques, including gradient enhanced 1H−119Sn heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy. A total of 64 nuclear Overhauser effect-based distance restraints were used in restrained molecular dynamics simulations within the extensible systematic force field. This yielded a unique, well-defined conformation for ErySn-A, which was validated against 17 3J(1H−1H) and 21 3J(13C−1H) experimental coupling constants. Complete stereospecific assignment of the diastereotopic tert-butyl groups as well as the identification of the absolute configuration at C9 was achieved. The lactone ring features a tricyclic structure, with the −O−Sn(tBu)2−O−(tBu)2Sn−O− organotin moiety covalently linked to the C9 and C12 carbons of the lactone macrocycle, and a ketal ring involving C9 with C6. The conformation of the lactone ring is strongly affected by the derivatization, but both sugar residues retain very similar conformations as compared to erythromycin A. The structure also involves a peculiar hydrogen bond between the 11-OH and the distannoxane oxygen, in which the hydrogen atom appears to be delocalized.
Designing of a Fleet-Leader Program for Carbon Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (2009)

Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) are often used for storing pressurant gases on board spacecraft when mass saving is a prime requirement. Substantial weight savings can be achieved compared to all metallic pressure vessels. For example, on the space shuttle, replacement of all metallic pressure vessels with Kevlar COPVs resulted in a weight savings of about 30 percent. Mass critical space applications such as the Ares and Orion vehicles are currently being planned to use as many COPVs as possible in place of all-metallic pressure vessels to minimize the overall mass of the vehicle. Due to the fact that overwraps are subjected to sustained loads during long periods of a mission, stress rupture failure is a major concern. It is, therefore, important to ascertain the reliability of these vessels by analysis, since it is practically impossible to show by experimental testing the reliability of flight quality vessels. Also, it is a common practice to set aside flight quality vessels as in a test program where these vessels are subjected to slightly accelerated operating conditions so that they lead the actual flight vessels both in time and load. The intention of fleet leaders is to provide advanced warning if there is a serious design flaw in the vessels so that a major disaster in the flight vessels can be averted with advance warning. On the other hand, the accelerating conditions must be not so severe as to be prone to false alarms. The primary focus of the present paper is to provide an analytical basis for designing a viable fleet leader program for carbon COPVs. The analysis is based on a stress rupture behavior model incorporating Weibull statistics and power-law sensitivity of life to fiber stress level.
Supplementary Data from Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma Using Genetically Engineered GD2-Specific T cells (2023)

Supplementary Data from Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma Using Genetically Engineered GD2-Specific T cells
Partial Purification and Characterization of Cytidine-5′-Monophosphosialate Synthase from Rainbow Trout Liver (1993)

Trout liver is a rich source of sialate cytidylyltransferase activity. Three procedures are described by which the enzyme was enriched between 67- and 647-fold with high specific activities varying between 0.67 and 1.88 U/mg protein. In the simplest procedure studied, 100,000 x g supernatant of liver homogenate was chromatographed on Q-Sepharose and beta-[3-(2-aminoethylthio)propyl]-N- acetylneuraminic acid as affinity matrix, leading to an enzyme preparation (0.67 U/mg protein) well suited for the synthesis of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The synthase has a molecular mass of 160 kDa, a temperature optimum of 28 degrees C, a pH-optimum of 9.3 and exhibits Km-values for CTP, N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycoloylneuraminic acid of 1.7 mM, 2.1 mM and 2.9 mM, respectively. It is inactive with N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid. The enzyme is inhibited by CMP, CDP and 2'-deoxy-CTP. The sialic acid fraction of trout liver after hydrolysis is composed by N-acetylneuraminic acid (86%), N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (12%) and N-acetyl-9-O-lactoylneuraminic acid (2%).
CD28 Engagement Promotes Actin Polymerization Through the Activation of the Small Rho GTPase Cdc42 in Human T Cells (2003)

Engagement of the costimulatory molecule CD28 is an important step in the optimal activation of T cells. Nevertheless, the specific role of CD28 in the formation of the immunological synapse and cytoskeletal changes that occur upon TCR/CD3 complex engagement is still poorly understood. Using Ab-coated surfaces, we show that CD28 engagement in the absence of any other signal induced the formation of cytoplasmic elongations enriched in filamentous actin (F-actin), in this work called filopodia or microspikes. Such structures were specific for engagement of CD28 on mAb-coated surfaces because they could not be observed in surfaces coated with either poly(L-lysine) or anti-CD3 mAb. The signaling pathway coupling CD28 to cytoskeletal rearrangements required Src-related kinase activity and promoted Vav phosphorylation and Cdc42 activation independently of the zeta-chain-associated kinase (ZAP-70). CD28-induced filopodia required Cdc42 GTPase activity, but not the related Rho GTPase Rac1. Moreover, Cdc42 colocalized to areas of increased F-actin. Our results support a specific role for the activation of the small Rho GTPase Cdc42 in the actin reorganization mediated by CD28 in human T cells.
Thermodynamic properties of hafnium oxycarbonitrides of variable composition in the range 298-1500 /sup 0/K (1986)

The mixing method is used with an error no greater than 0.25% to study the temperature dependence of the enthalpy of five compositions of hafnium oxycarbonitrides with the general formula HfC /SUB x/ N /SUB 0.93-x/ O /SUB 0.07/ . Equations are obtained for the temperature-concentration relations of the thermodynamic functions in the temperature range 298-1500/sup 0/K and composition range x = 0-0.9.
Intermittent Cyclical Etidronate Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (1990)

Intermittent cyclical therapy with etidronate for two years significantly increases spinal bone mass and reduces the incidence of new vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Hepatitis C virus infection increases hepatitis risk during anti-tuberculosis treatment. (2010)

Even with normal baseline liver biochemical tests, HCV co-infection had a higher incidence and longer exacerbations of hepatitis during anti-tuberculosis treatment. We suggest that screening for HCV infection before starting anti-tuberculosis treatment is helpful in planning the frequency of follow-up visits.
Locoregional Proton Radiotherapy of a Primary Cavernous Sinus Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Case Report (2006)

Primary B cell lymphomas of the skull base are uncommon and lack well-defined treatment guidelines. We report a case of diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma of the cavernous sinus with sphenoid sinus and clivial extension, treated with partial resection, chemotherapy, and proton beam irradiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a skull-base lymphoma treated with protons. A 53-year-old female presented with a two-month history of diplopia, persistent headaches, and paresthesia over the left side of her mouth. A skull MRI revealed an enhancing mass in the right cavernous sinus and right sphenoid sinus. Transsphenoidal subtotal resection of the mass confirmed the presence of a diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma. Treatment consisted of CHOP-R chemotherapy and locoregional radiation with protons. Locoregional radiation of the lesion required moderate doses, below the radiation tolerance of adjacent normal structures. Conformal protons were utilized to minimize the volume of normal brain receiving radiation. Conformal proton beam radiotherapy to a moderate dose proved valuable in this case because it minimized the volume of normal brain receiving low to moderate doses of radiation.
5-(tert-Butylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid (2003)

The title novel carboxylic acid derivative, C9H17NO3, containing the tert-butyl­carbamoyl group, has been synthesized by the reaction of glutaric anhydride and tert-butyl­amine. In the crystal structure, this compound forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the amide and carboxyl groups. However, it does not form a hydrogen-bonded dimer involving two carboxylic acid groups.
Interconnect-Based Design Methodologies for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits (2009)

Design techniques for three-dimensional (3-D) ICs considerably lag the significant strides achieved in 3-D manufacturing technologies. Advanced design methodologies for two-dimensional circuits are not sufficient to manage the added complexity caused by the third dimension. Consequently, design methodologies that efficiently handle the added complexity and inherent heterogeneity of 3-D circuits are necessary. These 3-D design methodologies should support robust and reliable 3-D circuits while considering different forms of vertical integration, such as system-in-package and 3-D ICs with fine grain vertical interconnections. Global signaling issues, such as clock and power distribution networks, are further exacerbated in vertical integration due to the limited number of package pins, the distance of these pins from other planes within the 3-D system, and the impedance characteristics of the through silicon vias (TSVs). In addition to these dedicated networks, global signaling techniques that incorporate the diverse traits of complex 3-D systems are required. One possible approach, potentially significantly reducing the complexity of interconnect issues in 3-D circuits, is 3-D networks-on-chip (NoC). Design methodologies that exploit the diversity of 3-D structures to further enhance the performance of multiplane integrated systems are necessary. The longest interconnects within a 3-D circuit are those interconnects comprising several TSVs and traversing multiple physical planes. Consequently, minimizing the delay of the interplane nets is of great importance. By considering the nonuniform impedance characteristics of the interplane interconnects while placing the TSVs, the delay of these nets is decreased. In addition, the difference in electrical behavior between the horizontal and vertical interconnects suggests that asymmetric structures can be useful candidates for distributing the clock signal within a 3-D circuit. A 3-D test circuit fabricated with a 180 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, manufactured by MIT Lincoln Laboratories, exploring several clock distribution topologies is described. Correct operation at 1 GHz has been demonstrated. Several 3-D NoC topologies incorporating dissimilar 3-D interconnect structures are reviewed as a promising solution for communication limited systems-on-chip (SoC). Appropriate performance models are described to evaluate these topologies. Several forms of vertical integration, such as system-in-package and different candidate technologies for 3-D circuits, such as SOI, are considered. The techniques described in this paper address fundamental interconnect structures in the 3-D design process. Several interesting research problems in the design of 3-D circuits are also discussed.
Benchmarking Signorini and exponential contact laws for an industrial train brake squeal application (2012)

25th International Conference on Noise and Vibration engineering (ISMA2012), LEUVEN, BELGIQUE, 17-/09/2012 - 19/09/2012
Guanosine-5′-Triphosphate Increases in Red Blood Cells of Heart Transplant Recipients Treated with Mycophenolate Mofetil (2006)

The present study clearly shows that long-term administration of MMF is associated with increasing whole blood GTP levels obviously due to an induction of IMPDH and HGPRT activities in erythrocytes. First hints for an induction of IMPDH under MMF therapy were recently published for a very few kidney transplanted patients3,4. Moreover, Montero et al.5 reported from a 30-fold elevation of normal pretreatment IMPDH activity following an antiviral therapy with ribavirin, another IMPDH inhibitor. In an attempt to confirm that IMPDH is causally involved in the observed GTP increase, we treated the RBCs in vitro with MPA or its metabolite MPAG, also an IMPDH inhibitor. Since the IMPDH activity could be blocked by MPA and MPAG, these experiments demonstrate that the induced IMPDH exhibits still the same biochemical features. Investigation of the enzymes in white blood cells are limited by the low counts of mononuclear cells yielded from transplant recipients. In pilot experiments a similar but not so pronounced and clear increase in IMPDH activity was seen in isolated mononuclear cells of HTX patients treated with MMF for more than one year. Our data clearly shows that against all expectations, especially in long-term MPA treated patients, IMPDH activity tremendously increases. Nevertheless, the clinical results show not only less side-effects in comparison to therapies including azathioprine, but also a significant reduction in transplant rejections. Thus, the mechanism of action of MPA has to be urgently reassessed.
Neuronal activation of Ras regulates synaptic connectivity (2004)

A synRas mouse model was used expressing constitutively activated Ha-Ras (Val12 mutation) in neurons to investigate the role of Ras-MAPkinase signalling for neuronal connectivity in adult brain. Expression of the transgene in the cortex of these mice starts after neuronal differentiation is completed and allows to directly investigate the effects of enhanced Ras activity in differentiated neurons. Activation of Ha-Ras induced an increase in soma size which was sensitive to MEK inhibitor in postnatal organotypic cultures. Adult cortical pyramidal neurons showed complex structural rearrangements associated with an increased size and ramification of dendritic arborization. Dendritic spine density was elevated and correlated with a twofold increase in number of synapses. In acute brain slices of the somatosensory and of the visual cortex, extracellular field potentials were recorded from layer II/III neurons. The input-output relation of synaptically evoked field potentials revealed a significantly higher basal excitability of the transgenic mice cortex compared to wild-type animals. In whole cell patch clamp preparations, the frequency of AMPA receptor-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents was increased while the ratio between NMDA and AMPA-receptor mediated signal amplitude was unchanged. A pronounced depression of paired pulse facilitation indicated that Ras contributes to changes at the presynaptic site. Furthermore, synRas mice showed an increased synaptic long-term potentiation, which was sensitive to blockers of NMDA-receptors and of MEK. We conclude that neuronal Ras is a common switch of plasticity in adult mammalian brain sculpturing neuronal architecture and synaptic connectivity in concert with tuning synaptic efficacy.
Gonadal dysgenesis is associated with worse outcomes in patients with ovarian nondysgerminomatous tumors: A report of the Children's Oncology Group AGCT 0132 study (2017)

Patients presenting with nongerminomatous malignant ovarian GCTs in the context of GD have a higher rate of events and death than counterparts with normal gonads. These findings emphasize the importance of noting a contralateral streak ovary or gonadoblastoma at histology for any ovarian GCT and support the recommendation for early bilateral gonadectomy in patients known to have GD with Y chromosome material. In contrast to those with pure dysgerminoma, these patients may represent a high-risk group that requires a more aggressive chemotherapy regimen.
Application of Integrated CAX Technology in Phased Array Radar Design (2009)

In this paper,design of phased array radar antenna is analyzed to point out major factors affecting design efficiency.CAX technology and its integrated technology can be applied to find out such key technical issues as antenna performance simulation,cooperative working platform design and information integration interface.Realization of integrated phased array radar design is also briefly discussed.
Size reduction of the door seal structure of a microwave oven by the FD‐TD method (2003)

Abstract Assuming a choke groove depth of half the present value, the FD‐TD method is used to obtain a value for the effectiveness of shielding against leakage waves that is very close to the actual value, including higher modes. To reduce computation time, the optimum dimension is first calculated for a TEM mode wave incident on a choke groove with a two‐dimensional cross section. Using the calculated optimal data, a three‐dimensional choke groove with periodic slits is analyzed and evaluated. To further compensate for the degradation of shielding effectiveness due to reduction in size, the case in which a lossy material and the groove are combined is also investigated. A choke based on the results of the analysis gave a measured shielding effectiveness of approximately 31 dB, providing an experimental demonstration of the validity of the analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 73–83, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10190
Molecular studies in 10 cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, including a mild variant showing a missense mutation in codon 1175 of CREBBP (2002)

The genetic analysis of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS, OMIM 180849) may shed light on mechanisms of transcription, brain function, keloid formation, and cancer.1–6 RTS can be caused by heteroallelic mutations of CREBBP (the gene for cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) binding protein).2 Human CREBBP resides on chromosome 16p13.3,7–9 spans approximately 150 kb at the genomic level, and comprises a coding sequence of 7329 bp.10 The protein (2442 amino acids) is conserved (human v mouse, 94% amino acid identity)10 and a transcriptional coactivator.4–6 Predicted domains include the nuclear receptor binding and receptor interacting domain (aa 1-170), the amino-terminal transactivation domain (N-terminal TAD, aa 228-461), the Cys/His rich region (aa 363-496), the CREB binding domain (aa 452-682), the bromodomain (aa 1108-1170), the histone acetyltransferase domain (aa 1173-1849), the trithorax consensus finger and Cys/His rich region (aa 1232-1487), the E1A oncoprotein binding domain (aa 1679-1732), the protein kinase A phosphorylation site (aa 1771), the Gln rich region (aa 1849-1999), and the C-terminal TAD (aa 1960-2162).10

Mutations of CREBBP reported in RTS have included chromosomal translocations, deletions at the microscopic and submicroscopic level, and molecular mutations.2,7–9,11–14 Apart from a recent report,14 previous studies on RTS used the protein truncation test before molecular analysis, thereby limiting the spectrum of observed molecular mutations. To date, 11 small mutations of CREBBP have been reported, comprising truncating mutations and one missense mutation.2,13,14 Two modes of action of how CREBBP mutations may cause RTS have been discussed, haploinsufficiency and dominant negative effects. The haploinsufficiency mechanism is made likely by the observation that some 10% of subjects with RTS exhibit deletion of one CREBBP allele, and that deletions of different domains of CREBBP were found with the same RTS phenotype, without …