gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison and development of absorption peak determination algorithms for wavelength standards (2000)

Several peak determination algorithms are described and compared using the spectra of a NIST wavelenght/wavenumber standard reference material (SRM). These methods are the (1) centroid (or center of gravity) (with fraction value 0.5), (2) extrapolated centroid, (3) extrapolated bisecting, (4) polynomial curve fit, and (5) absolute maximum (minimum) methods. Comparisons are made of the peak wavelength value accuracy and reproducibility, versatility and other aspects of the peak determination methods. Optimization studies of the centroid, extrapolated centroid, and extrapolated bisecting peak determination methods, used for several NIST SRM's, have found that the peak value accuracy and precision can be improved by careful selection of peak fraction, spectral data density and polynomials fitting order (for extrapolated algorithms).
ChemInform Abstract: TETRANITROETHYLENE. IN SITU FORMATION AND DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS (1980)

Abstract Hexanitroethan (I) liefert beim Erhitzen in situ das Tetranitro‐ethylen (II), das mit den Anthracenen (III) abgefangen wird und dabei die Addukte (IV) bildet.
Pulse-Coupled Relaxation Oscillators: From Biological Synchronization to Self-Organized Criticality (1995)

It is shown that globally coupled oscillators with pulse interaction can synchronize under broader conditions than widely believed from a theorem of Mirollo and Strogatz. This behavior is stable against frozen disorder. Beside the relevance to biology, it is argued that synchronization in relaxation oscillator models is related to self-organized criticality in stick-slip-like models.
Search for High‐Energy Gamma Rays from an X‐Ray–selected Blazar Sample (2003)

Our understanding of blazars has been greatly increased in recent years by extensive multiwavelength observations, particularly in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray regions. Over the past decade the Whipple 10 m telescope has contributed to this with the detection of five BL Lacertae objects at very high gamma-ray energies. The combination of multiwavelength data has shown that blazars follow a well-defined sequence in terms of their broadband spectral properties. Together with providing constraints on emission models, this information has yielded a means by which potential sources of TeV emission may be identified and predictions made as to their possible gamma-ray flux. We have used the Whipple telescope to search for TeV gamma-ray emission from eight objects selected from a list of such candidates. No evidence has been found for very high energy emission from the objects in our sample, and upper limits have been derived for the mean gamma-ray flux above 390 GeV. These flux upper limits are compared with the model predictions, and the implications of our results for future observations are discussed.
Oxygen Diffusion in Ordered/Disordered Double Perovskites (2011)

Molecular Dynamics simulations of ordered and disordered versions of a gadolinium barium cobaltite have been performed for the temperature range between 800K and 1400K. Oxygen diffusivity for the ordered and disordered phase was compared resulting in an analysis of the effect of cationic ordering on the oxygen mass transport properties.
A New Series of Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Effect of Alkyl Substituents on Receptor‐Binding Affinity. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Self-reported assessment of dry eye in a population-based setting. (1997)

Dry eye symptoms are commonly reported in a representative elderly population. Symptom data were moderately consistent, suggesting their usefulness for dry eye assessment if properly summarized. A latent class summary revealed biologically meaningful summary patterns of symptoms reported in this population and holds promise for use in risk factor investigations and in clinical trials.
Expression of the O antigen gene cluster is regulated by RfaH through the JUMPstart sequence (1998)

O antigen genes are clustered, with a JUMPstart sequence located upstream. JUMPstart is a 39-bp sequence, present upstream of many polysaccharide gene clusters and also upstream of haemolysin and F factor gene clusters. RfaH is known to regulate the expression of E. coli group II capsule, haemolysin, F factor and the outer core of lipopolysaccharide all of which have the JUMPstart sequence, and has been shown to function as a transcriptional antiterminator in some cases. Using lacZ fusions to genes in the O antigen gene cluster of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, we found that RfaH also regulates the expression of O antigen. We showed that RfaH enhances expression of the 18-kb O antigen gene cluster, with promoter-distal genes affected more dramatically. We also showed that the JUMPstart sequence was required for RfaH function.
Managed-Pressure Drilling: Using Model Predictive Control To Improve Pressure Control During Dual-Gradient Drilling (2011)

Summary Managed-pressure drilling (MPD) offers unprecedented capabilities for precise pressure control in drilling operations. This capability, created by the availability of new hardware tools, creates the need for tight coordination of such tools, to ensure reliable and safe operation. The use of model predictive control (MPC) is proposed as a multivariable control framework that can coordinate multiple variables to offer both better performance and higher reliability and safety compared with current practice. A case study on a dual-gradient drilling system is presented to demonstrate how MPC can simultaneously control bottomhole pressure and hook position during drillstring movement, by simultaneously manipulating the main-pump flow rate, seabed-pump flow rate, and drillstring velocity. Simulations focusing on the robustness to modeling errors and noise sensitivity will also be presented. Computer simulations show that the proposed approach results in much lower bottomhole-pressure (BHP) deviations during drillstring movement than manual control of hook position alone. The sensitivity to errors in the MPC model and noise are found to be low. The implications of this study as well as future directions for integration of additional variables and use of appropriate MPC variants are discussed.
Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury (2022)

Peripheral nerve injury remains a serious problem for medicine, with no effective method of treatment at the moment. The most prominent example of this problem is neonatal brachial plexus palsy, which results from the stretching of the brachial plexus nerves in the birth or perinatal period. Multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs) and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they produce are known to have a marked neuroprotective effect in central nervous system injuries. We suggested that the use of MSCs-derived EVs may be an effective approach to the regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury. Sciatic nerve injury was modeled in rats via crushing, and then a gel containing MSCs-EVs was applied to the injured area. After 15 and 30 days, a histological, physiological, and functional assessment of nerve, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and innervated muscles' recovery was performed. Transplantation of EVs to the area of sciatic nerve injury significantly reduced muscle atrophy as compared to the control group. Functional recovery of the innervated muscles, as measured by the extensor postural thrust test, was revealed 30 days after the surgery. We associate the obtained results with EVs-induced neuroprotective mechanisms, which were expressed in a decrease in apoptotic neuronal death and an increase in regeneration-associated proteins NF-200 and GAP-43, as well as in DRG and damaged nerve. We suggest that the therapeutic scheme we used is efficient for the treatment of acute peripheral nervous system injuries and can be transferred to the clinics. However, additional studies are required for a more detailed analysis of neuroprotection mechanisms.
Recurrent Spindle Cell Carcinoma Shows Features of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2018)

This study investigated a case of spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) in tongue pathological lesions. The patient experienced a local recurrence and distant metastasis after surgical intervention. Although standard chemotherapy was administered, a granulomatous mass continued to develop. This aggressive growth led to survival of the tumor. Secondary debulking surgery was performed to improve the patient's quality of life at the request of the patient. Using a tissue sample derived from the secondary debulking surgery, we performed an analysis of the tumor's cell surface antigens, differentiation potential, metastatic ability, and inhibition potential by anticancer reagents. In vitro analysis revealed that the cell population grown under adherent culture conditions expressed the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. The cell line established from this SpCC contained colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) and exhibited multipotent differentiation into several mesenchymal lineages, including bone, cartilage, and fat. The SpCC cells also displayed vigorous mobilization. These characteristics suggested that they had the differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells, especially MSCs, rather than that of epithelial cells. The surgical specimen analyzed in this study resisted the molecular target reagent cetuximab, which is an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. This clinical insight revealed that chemotherapy-resistant SpCC cells have different characteristics compared to most other cancer cells, which are sensitive to cetuximab. Our cell death assay revealed that SpCC cell death was induced by the anticancer drug imatinib, which is known to inhibit protein tyrosine kinase activity of ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), and KIT. Here, we report recurrent SpCC with characteristics of MSCs and potential for treatment with imatinib.
Passive immunity against pseudomonas sepsis during granulocytopenia (1976)

Specific passive immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis was assessed in granulocytopenic dogs. Dogs were infused with either normal or antipseudomonas immune plasma 24 h before pseudomonas challenge. They were challenged intravenously with 10(7) serotype 6 P. aeruginosa during granulocytopenia. Treatment was evaluated by observation of survival periods, febrile responses, type 6 pseudomonas antibody titers, and quantitative cultures of blood and tissues. The results demonstrated that passively immunized dogs did not survive infection. Both normal-plasma and immune-plasma recipients had bacteremia at death, with median values of 980 and 470 pseudomonas per ml of blood, respectively. All dogs had marked febrile responses 24 h after pseudomonas challenge and had high concentrations of pseudomonas in their lung tissue at death, with median values of 10(8) pseudomonas per g of wet tissue weight. After plasma infusion, immune-plasma recipients had high concentrations of anti-pseudomonas antibody, with total antibody titers ranging from 256 to 1,024 and a median value of 1,024. These titers were comparable to titers attained in a previous study from our laboratory using active immunization with pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide vaccine, where the median total anti-pseudomonas antibody titer was 2,048. Actively immunized animals, however, were significantly protected against pseudomonas sepsis and had prolonged survival periods and prevention of bacteremia. The present study demonstrates that circulating type-specific antibody is not solely responsible for the protection afforded to granulocytopenic dogs actively immunized against pseudomonas.
Ultrasonic imaging using wave structure-based weights and global matched coefficients (2016)

In the field of non-destructive evaluation of structures, 2D and 3D imaging of internal flaws is a critical task. Defect imaging allows making informed follow-up decisions based on the morphology of the flaw. This paper will present advances in ultrasonic tomography for the 2D and 3D visualization of internal flaws in solids. In particular, improvements to the conventional tomographic imaging algorithms have been made by utilizing a mode-selective image reconstruction scheme that exploits the specific displacement field, respectively, of the longitudinal wave modes and the shear wave modes, both propagating simultaneously in the test volume. The specific mode structure is exploited by an adaptive weight assignment to the ultrasonic tomographic array. Such adaptive weighting forces the imaging array to look at a specific scan direction and better focus the imaging onto the actual flaw (ultrasound reflector). Moreover, the introduction of a global matched coefficient, computed through the matching of measured and expected times of flight for each pixel, is illustrated. The benefits deriving from the application of this coefficient to conventional imaging frameworks are shown. This study shows that the adaptive weighing based on wave structure and the integration of the global matched coefficient improve image contrast and resolution compared to a conventional ultrasonic imaging technique based on a delay-and-sum or minimum variance distortionless method. Results will be shown from experimental tests of simulated flaws in solids.
Introduction (2011)

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Tenascin-C: Form versus function (2014)

Tenascin-C is a large, multimodular, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that exhibits a very restricted pattern of expression but an enormously diverse range of functions. Here, we discuss the importance of deciphering the expression pattern of, and effects mediated by, different forms of this molecule in order to fully understand tenascin-C biology. We focus on both post transcriptional and post translational events such as splicing, glycosylation, assembly into a 3D matrix and proteolytic cleavage, highlighting how these modifications are key to defining tenascin-C function.
Genome-wide analysis of promoter and enhancer usage in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation (2013)

Background Somatic stem cells are the basic tools of regenerative medicine and gene therapy, providing unique opportunities for the therapy of genetic and acquired disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying fundamental characteristics of human somatic stem cells, such as selfrenewal, commitment and differentiation, are still poorly understood. A better knowledge of these mechanisms is crucial to the understanding of stem cell biology and to the development of stem cell-based therapies. The rapidly expanding information on the structural and functional characteristics of the human genome allows the development of genome-wide approaches to investigate the molecular circuitry wiring the genetic and epigenetic programs of somatic stem cells. High-throughput approaches are essential to study the transcriptome, the epigenome and the usage of regulatory elements in the genome.
Cytomegalovirus therapy: current constraints and future opportunities (2001)

Articles published in the last year have changed perceptions of cytomegalovirus. It is now recognized as a rapidly replicating virus which develops resistance frequently during chronic administration of ganciclovir. In addition to causing end-organ diseases, it plays a causal role in the multifactorial processes leading to graft rejection after renal transplant and accelerated atherosclerosis after heart transplant. New treatments which are safe and potent are urgently needed and should be highly cost-effective when the full clinical impact of this virus is assessed.
Determining the Minimum Energy Consumption using Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (2007)

While improving raw performance is of primary interest to most users of high-performance computers, energy consumption also is a critical concern. Some microprocessors allow voltage and frequency scaling, which enables a system to reduce CPU power and performance when the CPU is not on the critical path. When properly directed, such dynamic voltage and frequency scaling can produce significant energy savings with little performance penalty. Various DVFS scaling algorithms have been proposed. However, the benefit is application-dependent. We cannot see if they achieve the energy consumption as minimum as possible. So, it is important to establish the baseline of the DVFS scheduling for any application. This paper determines minimum energy consumption in voltage and frequency scaling systems for a given time delay. We assume we have a set of fixed points where scaling can occur. A brute-force solution is intractable even for a moderately sized set (although all programs presented in this paper can be solved with the brute-force). Our algorithm efficiently chooses the exact optimal schedule satisfying the given time constraint by estimation. Besides, our time and energy estimations from the optimal schedule have reasonable accuracy with 1.48% of differences at maximum.
Molecular technique identifies the pathogen responsible for culture negative infective endocarditis (2005)

A case of culture negative endocarditis complicated by immune complex glomerulonephritis and severe aortic regurgitation necessitated aortic valve replacement. Empirical treatment with penicillin and gentamicin according to UK guidelines was started. The pathogen, Streptococcus sanguis, was later identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. This molecular technique is likely to be of increasing importance in determining the aetiology of culture negative infective endocarditis, thus providing essential treatment and epidemiological information.
275: Bi-Directional Interactions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 10, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2007275: Bi-Directional Interactions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Human Prostate Cancer Cells Chunmeng Shi, Ying Zhu, Wen-Chin Huang, Haiyen E. Zhau, Ruoxiang Wang, Odero-Marah Valerie, and Leland W.K. Chung Chunmeng ShiChunmeng Shi More articles by this author , Ying ZhuYing Zhu More articles by this author , Wen-Chin HuangWen-Chin Huang More articles by this author , Haiyen E. ZhauHaiyen E. Zhau More articles by this author , Ruoxiang WangRuoxiang Wang More articles by this author , Odero-Marah ValerieOdero-Marah Valerie More articles by this author , and Leland W.K. ChungLeland W.K. Chung More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30540-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "275: Bi-Directional Interactions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Human Prostate Cancer Cells." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 92 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 92 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Chunmeng Shi More articles by this author Ying Zhu More articles by this author Wen-Chin Huang More articles by this author Haiyen E. Zhau More articles by this author Ruoxiang Wang More articles by this author Odero-Marah Valerie More articles by this author Leland W.K. Chung More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Three-dimensional analysis tool for segmenting and measuring the structure of telomeres in mammalian nuclei (2005)

Quantitative analysis in combination with fluorescence microscopy calls for innovative digital image measurement tools. We have developed a three-dimensional tool for segmenting and analyzing FISH stained telomeres in interphase nuclei. After deconvolution of the images, we segment the individual telomeres and measure a distribution parameter we call &rho;<sub>T</sub>. This parameter describes if the telomeres are distributed in a sphere-like volume (&rho;<sub>T</sub> &asymp; 1) or in a disk-like volume (&rho;<sub>T</sub> &gt;&gt; 1). Because of the statistical nature of this parameter, we have to correct for the fact that we do not have an infinite number of telomeres to calculate this parameter. In this study we show a way to do this correction. After sorting mouse lymphocytes and calculating &rho;<sub>T</sub> and using the correction introduced in this paper we show a significant difference between nuclei in G2 and nuclei in either G0/G1 or S phase. The mean values of &rho;<sub>T</sub> for G0/G1, S and G2 are 1.03, 1.02 and 13 respectively.
Nitrogen Arylation for Macrocyclization of Unprotected Peptides (2016)

We describe an efficient and mild method for the synthesis of macrocyclic peptides via nitrogen arylation from unprotected precursors. Various electrophiles and lysine-based nucleophiles were investigated and showed high-yielding product formation, even for a macrocyclization scan with 14 variants. We found that nitrogen-linked aryl products were more stable to base and oxidation when compared to thiol arylated species, thereby highlighting the utility of this methodology. Finally, N-aryl macrocyclization was performed on a p53 peptide inhibitor of MDM2 and resulted in identification of a nanomolar binder with improved proteolytic stability and cell permeability.
Control of Root Rot of Peppers Caused byPhytophthora capsidwith a Nonionic Surfactant (1996)

Motile zoospores were identified as the sole infectious propagule of Phytophthora capsici responsible for spread of the pathogen in a recirculating rock wool cultural system. Amending the nutrient solution with a nonionic surfactant resulted in the elimination of zoospores and 100% control of the spread of the root pathogen from a point source. In the absence of the surfactant, all of the pepper plants within the cultural system, irrespective of plant age, died within 2 weeks following hypocotyl-inoculation of a single plant, which served as the source of secondary inoculum. The potential significance of surfactants for the control of polycyclic soilborne diseases attributed to Phytophthora spp. and other zoosporic pathogens is discussed.
From the Mouths of Babes: A Response to "Should Children Decide Whether They Are Enrolled in Nonbeneficial Research?" by David Wendler and Seema Shah (2003)

(2003). From the Mouths of Babes: A Response to 'Should Children Decide Whether They Are Enrolled in Nonbeneficial Research?' by David Wendler and Seema Shah. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 35-35.
Observation of spatial optical solitons in nonlinearly coupled waveguides (2003)

This paper discusses the observation of quadratic spatial optical solitons in a guided-wave nonlinearly-coupled structure. The experiments, performed at a pump wavelength /spl lambda//sub /spl omega// = 1.319 /spl mu/m, provide a clear evidence of the nonlinear coupling between orthogonally polarized eigenmodes, with maximum conversion when mode matching TE/sub 0/(/spl omega/) with TM/sub 12/(2/spl omega/).
Human Placenta Aneurysm Model for Training Neurosurgeons in Vascular Microsurgery (2014)

Human placenta provides an inexpensive, widely available, convenient biological tissue that can be used to create models of cerebral aneurysms of different morphologies. Neurosurgical trainees may benefit from the preoperative use of a realistic model to gain familiarity and practice with critical surgical techniques for treating aneurysms.