gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunochemical Quantitation of the Third, Fourth and Fifth Components of Human Complement: Concentrations in the Serum of Healthy Adults, (1967)

Summary Immunochemical quantitation of the third, fourth and fifth components of human complement is feasible with the single radial immuno-diffusion technique. Serum component concentrations (mg/ml) in 25 healthy adults were: C′3, 1.23 ± 0.26 (0.86 to 1.84); C′4, 0.436 ± 0.118 (0.240 to 0.800) and C′5, 0.076 ± 0.024 (0.042 to 0.140). The experimental error of the quantitation was 10% for C′3 and C′4 and 15% for C′5. The immunochemical quantitation is influenced by in vitro conditions which allow physicochemical alterations in complement proteins; inclusion of ethylenediaminetetraacetate in the agar and the use of fresh serum or serum stored at -70°C circumvents this problem.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) management in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Pre‐transplant predictors of survival, reactivation, and spontaneous clearance (2020)

Overall, this study indicates that D-/R+ URD recipients are at high-risk for cs-CMVi- and CMV-related mortality, and are potential candidates for targeted CMV prophylaxis. Spontaneous clearance of CMV beyond a viral load of 250 IU/mL is uncommon, suggesting that this could be used as an appropriate threshold to initiate pre-emptive therapy.
Quadrupole coupling constants in linear (HCN)n clusters: Theoretical and experimental evidence for cooperativity effects in C–H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonding (1995)

Ab initio quadrupole coupling constants χ(D), χ(14N) for deuterium and nitrogen nuclei are obtained for the sequence of linear (HCN)n clusters (up to n=6) at the RHF/6-31+G* level, complementing previous studies of n-dependent ‘‘cooperative’’ effects in these C–H...N hydrogen-bonded species. For the dimer and trimer, the theoretical values are compared with experimental equilibrium values of Gutowsky and co-workers and found to successfully reproduce both the magnitudes and patterns of measured shifts. For larger (HCN)n clusters, the n-dependent trends in χ(D), χ(14N) appear to be correlated with cooperativity effects found previously (binding energies, geometrical parameters, dipole moments, ir frequencies and intensities). This suggests that quadrupole coupling measurements can provide a useful probe of cooperative H-bonding phenomena in gaseous and condensed media.
Characterization of H3N2 Swine Influenza Viruses in Iowa Swine (2001)

Since December 1998 when swine influenza virus (SIV) with H3N2 was first identified in Iowa swine, prospective and retrospective studies were conducted to monitor and evaluate H3N2 SIV infections in swine population in Iowa until February 2000. A serological survey revealed that H3 SIV had been widely spread in Iowa swine within first 6 months after initial identification and that both H1 and H3 SIV coexited. Many herds tested had the evidence that animals were exposed to both subtypes of SIV. In some cases, both subtypes were isolated from the same animal. All circumstantial evidences strongly suggested the emergence of new subtype due to reassortment of H1N1 and H3N2 strains; however, no evidence of new reassortant was yet found in Iowa during this study period. A one-way hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay on banked field isolates of H3N2 SIV demonstrated that the majority of field isolates were antigenically conserve. These observations suggest that diagnostic assays using an initial Midwest H3N2 SIV isolate should be reliable for diagnosing infection of H3N2 SIV. This observation also suggests that a vaccine using an initial Midwest H3N2 SIV may provide reliable cross protection against a variety of H3N2 strains. However, a few isolates were found resistant to HI activity conferred by antiserum raised against a H3N2 Midwest isolate, warranting a continuous surveillance for antigenic drift among isolates.
Concrete Wall Fabrication by Contour Crafting (2004)

Concrete Wall Fabrication by Contour Crafting Dooil Hwang, Behrokh Khoshnevis Abstract: The feasibility of CC along with its unique capabilities and key performance characteristics (speed, surface quality, material variety, possibility of embedding reinforcement, etc…) have been demonstrated in the construction of relatively large geometrical shapes and structural components using a variety of construction materials. Construction and testing of full-scale concrete wall sections has been the goal of our recent project which this article reports. Keywords: Contour Crafting; automation; construction; structures; dwellings; fabrication; rapid prototyping DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2004/0057 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
β1 and β3 Integrins Cooperate to Induce Syndecan-4-Containing Cross-linked Actin Networks in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2006)

CLANs are unique actin-branched networks whose formation can be regulated by beta1 and beta3 integrin signaling pathways. Thus, integrin-mediated signaling events can modulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in TM cells and hence could participate in regulating cytoskeletal events previously demonstrated to be involved in controlling outflow facility.
Robot limbo: Optimized planning and control for dynamically stable robots under vertical obstacles (2010)

We present successful control strategies for dynamically stable robots that avoid low ceilings and other vertical obstacles in a manner similar to limbo dances. Given the parameters of the mission, including the goal and obstacle dimensions, our method uses a sequential composition of IO-linearized controllers and applies stochastic optimization to automatically compute the best controller gains and references, as well as the times for switching between the different controllers. We demonstrate this system through numerical simulations, validation in a physics-based simulation environment, as well as on a novel two-wheeled platform. The results show that the generated control strategies are successful in mission planning for this challenging problem domain and offer significant advantages over hand-tuned alternatives.
Analysis of Freeway Travel Time Variability Using Bluetooth Detection (2010)

Travel time has long been an important performance measure for assessing traffic conditions and the extent of highway congestion. However, recently, more and more attention has been given to understanding the uncertainty regarding the variability in travel time from hour to hour and day to day—variability that is known to be a source of great frustration among road users. In this paper, travel-time variability is studied by collecting travel-time data using probe data on freeway segments in Indianapolis obtained using anonymous Bluetooth sampling techniques. The data show considerable travel-time variability is induced by adverse weather, but also show that variability results from unexpected changes in traffic flow rates and driver behavior. Various statistical models are estimated to understand the effect that traffic-related variables have on variability in individual vehicle travel times as well as average travel times. For individual vehicle travel times, a model is estimated to study how the probability of a vehicle’s duration of time spent on freeway segments changes over time. Interestingly, this model shows that the point where the conditional probability of travel times becoming longer occurs roughly at the onset of level-of-service F conditions—an important finding that supports the traffic-density definitions of level of service F used in the highway capacity manual. Another model, estimated using seemingly unrelated regression estimation, studies 15-min interval average vehicle travel times and the standard deviation of these travel times on the basis of speed and volume (available from remote traffic microwave sensors) and time of day indicators. This model provides interesting insights into the traffic parameters that affect average travel time and its variability.
Strong Relationships in Acid-Base Chemistry – Modeling Protons Based on Predictable Concentrations of Strong Ions, Total Weak Acid Concentrations, and pCO2 (2016)

Understanding acid-base regulation is often reduced to pigeonholing clinical states into categories of disorders based on arterial blood sampling. An earlier ambition to quantitatively explain disorders by measuring production and elimination of acid has not become standard clinical practice. Seeking back to classical physical chemistry we propose that in any compartment, the requirement of electroneutrality leads to a strong relationship between charged moieties. This relationship is derived in the form of a general equation stating charge balance, making it possible to calculate [H+] and pH based on all other charged moieties. Therefore, to validate this construct we investigated a large number of blood samples from intensive care patients, where both data and pathology is plentiful, by comparing the measured pH to the modeled pH. We were able to predict both the mean pattern and the individual fluctuation in pH based on all other measured charges with a correlation of approximately 90% in individual patient series. However, there was a shift in pH so that fitted pH in general is overestimated (95% confidence interval -0.072-0.210) and we examine some explanations for this shift. Having confirmed the relationship between charged species we then examine some of the classical and recent literature concerning the importance of charge balance. We conclude that focusing on the charges which are predictable such as strong ions and total concentrations of weak acids leads to new insights with important implications for medicine and physiology. Importantly this construct should pave the way for quantitative acid-base models looking into the underlying mechanisms of disorders rather than just classifying them.
UC1, Fusarium Yellows-Resistant Celery Breeding Line (1984)

Abstract UC1 is a celery, Apium graveolens L., breeding line segregating for resistance to Fusarium yellows, a disease caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., f. sp. apii , race 2, prevalent in the soils of California. The inheritance of the disease reaction has been studied by Orton et al. (1). Resistance seems to be dominant over susceptibility and highly heritable under greenhouse screening conditions. The segregation ratios observed, however, were not consistent enough to determine the number of genes involved. The principal value of the line should be as a source of resistant plants that can be obtained by making single plant selections in areas where the disease is present, or by screening procedures in the greenhouse. The resistant plants derived from UC1 will need further improvement for hoticultural type in order to obtain Fusarium yellows resistant commercial cultivars.
Self-Induced Compactness in Banach Spaces (1994)

The question which led to the title of this note is the following: {\it If $X$ is a Banach space and $K$ is a compact subset of $X$, is it possible to find a compact, or even approximable, operator $v:X\to X$ such that $K\subset\ol{v(B_X)}$?} This question was first posed by P.G.Dixon [6] in connection with investigating the problem of the existence of approximate identities in certain operator algebras. We shall provide a couple of observations related to the above question and give in particular a negative answer in case of approximable operators. We shall also provide the first examples of Banach spaces having the approximation property but failing the bounded compact approximation property though all of their duals do even have the metric compact approximation property.
Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase in the thymus of normal and leukemic mice. (1977)

Changes in the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of the thymus were observed during leukemogenesis in the AKR mouse. Upon maturation, activity at 1.0 muM and 100 muM cyclic AMP concentrations decreased in both the AKR mouse and normal Swiss mice. The thymus of the leukemic mouse had sharply higher phosphodiesterase activity. Much of the phosphodiesterase activity of normal and leukemic mice was associated with particulate fractions, and, as indicated by marker enzymes for particulate components, the high affinity phosphodiesterase was enriched in a fraction containing plasma membranes.
Generation of Smoke from Electrical Cables (1990)

Results are presented in this paper for the generation of smoke in terms of smoke yield, mass optical density, and specific corrosion constant for electrical cables during fire propagation. The data were measured in our studies on cable fire propagation. From this study, cables have been classified into three groups based on the Fire Propagation Index. For Group 3 cables, self-sustained fire propagation rate is expected to be very rapid, and both thermal (heat) and nonthermal (smoke) damages are expected. For Group 2 cables, self-sustained fire propagation is expected to be less rapid than for Group 3 cables. Thermal and nonthermal fire damages are expected from Group 2 cables, although the severity is expected to be less than for Group 3 cables. For Group 1 cables, self-sustained fire propagation is expected to be difficult. In the presence of external heat fluxes or cable overheating due to electrical faults, fire propagation is expected to be sustained. For Group 1 cables, thermal fire damage is not expected; however, depending on the cables, nonthermal fire damage is expected. For Group 1A cables, nonthermal fire damage is not expected, and for Group 1B cables, nonthermal damage is expected. The data from the study suggest that nonthermal fire damage is not expected if the following conditions are satisfied: (1) Fire Propagation Index is less than 10; (2) smoke yield is less than 0.30 g/g; (3) mass optical density is less than 0.11 m2/g; and (4) the specific corrosion constant of the cable is less than 0.92 × 10-6 μm/h ppm.
The Beneficial Effects of Levetiracetam on Polyneuropathy in the Early Stage of Sepsis in Rats: Electrophysiological and Biochemical Evidence (2013)

ABSTRACT Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) is a common complication in long (≥1 week) critical/intensive care hospitalizations. Rapidly progressing atrophy and weakness of the limb, trunk and, particularly, respiratory muscles may lead to severe morbidity or mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of levetiracetam (LEV) on CIP in the early stage of sepsis in rats. We simulated CIP by a surgically induced sepsis model and verified it by lower-limb electromyography (EMG) (amplitude and duration of CMAP, and distal latency). We evaluated the effects of various doses of LEV treatment (300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg i.p.) on CIP by performing electrophysiology, and determining plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde, MDA) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our data showed: (1) significant suppression of CMAP amplitude and prolongation of distal latency in the saline-treated sepsis group, and distal latency as well as CMAP amplitudes benefiting best from the 600 mg/kg LEV treatment; (2) significant rise in plasma TNF-α and MDA levels in the saline-treated sepsis group, but significant ameliorations by the 600 and 1200 mg/kg LEV treatment; (3) highly significant suppression of TAC in the saline-treated group, but profound reversals in all LEV-treated groups. We conclude that 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg i.p. doses of post-septic treatment by LEV has possibly acted in a dose-dependent manner to both protect and restore the affected peripheral nerves' axon and myelin following surgical disturbance of the cecum to induce sepsis and consequent polyneuropathy.
Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Emissions from Catalyst-Equipped Engines (1974)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It has been reported by Dow Chemical Co. that oxidation catalysts cause increased particulate emissions from automotive exhausts. We find that this particulate consists of aqueous H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; droplets.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Current work undertaken between Ford and Battelle Columbus Laboratories, using an engine dynamometer, shows that the fuel sulfur emerges from the engine as SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. At 60 mph road load, a monolithic oxidation catalyst converts almost half of the SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; into SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, the bulk of which is emitted from the tailpipe as H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. The mass median diameter is smaller than 0.25 μm. Some ammonium sulfate is present, but the predominant sulfate species is H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, totalling some 40% of the gross particulate mass depending on humidity. The rest is primarily water, associated with the hygroscopic H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. Without a catalyst, the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; is &amp;lt;1/50 as much as with catalyst, the bulk of the fuel sulfur being emitted as SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
Constrained rock physics modeling (2009)

Seismic reflections are physically explained by contrasts in elastic properties in the subsurface, and rock physics is the science that links the seismic properties to geologic properties. Rock physics models attempt to quantify rock properties with physical parameters like clay content, saturation, and porosity, and use this to predict elastic rock properties, and further to extrapolate to scenarios that have not yet been observed. There are rock physics models made for friable sands, cemented sands, shaly sands, sandy shales, uncemented and cemented shales, to mention a few. Sometimes a large selection of available rock physics models can be more confusing than a blessing: Which model is best suited to predict the observations of a given data set, and how do we know that the model we choose is optimally calibrated to the data? This paper proposes a strategy to evaluate numerous rock physics models in a short time. The method finds the best prediction for each model, which makes it easy to see which models are suited for further modeling. The strategy is applied on a data set from the North Sea Brent group. A selection of the rock physics models with the obtained optimal input parameters is further tested to evaluate the ability to predict data outside the calibration data set. The modeling strategy presented ensures a minimum discrepancy between modeled and recorded data, without abandoning rock physics principles.
Synthesis and Thermal, Photophysical, Electrochemical Properties of 3,3-di[3-Arylcarbazol-9-ylmethyl]oxetane Derivatives (2021)

Novel oxetane-functionalized derivatives were synthesized to find the impact of carbazole substituents, such as 1-naphtyl, 9-ethylcarbazole and 4-(diphenylamino)phenyl, on their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties. Additionally, to obtain the optimized ground-state geometry and distribution of the frontier molecular orbital energy levels, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used. Thermal investigations showed that the obtained compounds are highly thermally stable up to 360 °C, as molecular glasses with glass transition temperatures in the range of 142-165 °C. UV-Vis and photoluminescence studies were performed in solvents of differing in polarity, in the solid state as a thin film on glass substrate, and in powders, and were supported by DFT calculations. They emitted radiation both in solution and in film with photoluminescence quantum yield from 4% to 87%. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the materials undergo an oxidation process. Next, the synthesized molecules were tested as hole transporting materials (HTM) in perovskite solar cells with the structure FTO/b-TiO<sub>2</sub>/m-TiO<sub>2</sub>/perovskite/HTM/Au, and photovoltaic parameters were compared with the reference device without the oxetane derivatives.
Bicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonanes as Synthetic Intermediates. IX. Photo-Irradiation of Bicyclo [3....1] alkan-3-one in Cyclohexane : A Selective Photo-Reduction with Predominance of endo-Hydrogenation (1984)

Predominant formation of exo-alcohols in the photo-irradiation of bicyclo [3. 3. 1] nonan-3-one and its analogs is described.
Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption (1998)

The nutritional ecology of the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) was investigated by examining macronutrient preference and particle consumption in foraging workers. The crops of foragers collected in the field were analyzed for macronutrient content at two-week intervals through the active season. Choice tests were conducted at similar intervals during the active season to determine preference within and between macronutrient groups. Isolated individuals and small social groups were fed fluorescent microspheres in the laboratory to establish the fate of particles ingested by workers of both castes. Under natural conditions, foragers chiefly collected carbohydrate and nitrogenous material. Carbohydrate predominated in the crop and consisted largely of simple sugars. A small amount of glycogen was present. Carbohydrate levels did not vary with time. Lipid levels in the crop were quite low. The level of nitrogen compounds in the crop was approximately half that of carbohydrate, and exhibited seasonal dependence. Peaks in nitrogen foraging occurred in June and September, months associated with the completion of brood rearing in Camponotus. In choice tests, foragers demonstrated a preference for sucrose, fructose, and glucose, the most common honeydew sugars. Sucrose was preferred over other sugars in laboratory and field tests. Consumption rates peaked at a concentration of 20%. Casein hydrolysate and processed fish products stimulated the most feeding in choice tests of protein foods. Though a variety of lipids of plant and animal origin were offered in both field and laboratory tests, they were generally ignored. No effect of time was observed during choice tests of macronutrient preference. Overall, nitrogenous food was collected four-fold more intensively than carbohydrate, in contrast to the results obtained from examinations of the crop contents. These data suggest that accessible nitrogen is limited in the environment. Workers readily consumed fluorescent microspheres 0.5 - 45 μm diameter. Forty-five μm microspheres were excluded from the crop. Particles 3 - 10 μm reached the crop, but were never seen in the mid- or hindguts of either major or minor workers. They also filled the infrabuccal pocket, where they were compacted into pellets. It is thought that the proventriculus contains such particles in the foregut, where they are eventually filtered from the ingluvium. Microspheres 1 μm or less were difficult to observe in the infrabuccal pocket, suggesting that they are not as effectively sequestered as larger particles. Microspheres smaller than 1 μm were seen in the mid- and hindgut of both worker castes, indicating that particles of this size are immune to the proventricular filter. Caste exerted an effect at one μm diameter, the threshold of filtering efficiency. One μm microspheres consumed by minor workers were detected in the mid- and hindgut, whereas one μm microspheres were never detected beyond the proventriculus in major workers.