gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL SUITABLE FOR IN-FLIGHT PROCESSING. (1966)

Abstract : Research was devoted to the search for emulsions of superior speed and resolution, in the Plus-X Reversal class (hereafter referred to as PXR), that are amenable to ultrarapid monobath and web processing. Emulsion S-54 has a speed comparable to or just superior to that of PXR, but has a slightly lower resolution than that of PXR. Emulsion S-55 is of comparable sensitivity to S-54 and to PXR, but shows a low gamma and more extended range than other emulsions in this class. These new emulsions, S-54 and S-55, are of the half-ammonia stepped precipitation type. An earlier series of emulsions reported on in this quarter, S-50 to S-53, were of the double-jet type, similar to S-33 reported earlier. It was found that they could not be formulated with the desired high sensitivity; therefore, double-jet preparation work was discontinued, and the half-ammonia stepped precipitation emulsions S-54 and S-55 were studied. Previous work indicated that sub-10 sec, web processing, without free liquids, does not appear to be obtainable with emulsions in the PXR speed class. In this quarter, a monobath OM-20W was used to web process PXR in 10 sec, using a 'wet-web mode,' to provide film characteristics comparable to the control. A monobath OM-16W was also used to process emulsion S-54 in sub-10 sec, in the wet web mode, to good speed characteristics.
In Silico Modelling of Blood Vessel Segmentations for Estimation of Discretization Error in Spatial Measurement and its Impact on Quantitative Fluorescence Angiography (2019)

Today the vascular function after interventions as Bypass surgeries are checked qualitatively by observing the blood dynamics inside the vessel via Indocyanine Green (ICG) Fluorescence Angiography. This state-of-the-art should be upgraded and has to be improved and converted towards a quantitatively measured blood flow. Previous approaches show that the blood flow measured from fluorescence angiography cannot be easily calibrated to a gold standard reference. In order to systematically address the possible source of error we investigate as a first step the discretization error in a camera-based measurement of the vessel's geometry. In order to generate an error-free ground truth, a vessel model has been developed based on mathematical functions. This database is then used to determine the error in discretizing the centerline of the structure and estimate its effects on the accuracy of the flow calculation. As result the model is implemented according to the conditions which are set up to ensure transferability on camera-based segmentations of vessels. In this paper the relative discretization error for estimating the centerline length of segmented vessels could be calculated in the range of 6.3%. This would reveal significant error propagated to the estimation of the blood flow value derived by camera-based angiography.
Obesity and the microbiome (2015)

Obesity constitutes a significant and rapidly increasing public health challenge and is associated with significant co-morbidities and healthcare costs. Although undoubtedly multifactorial, research over the last decade has demonstrated that the microbes that colonize the human gut may contribute to the development of obesity through roles in polysaccharide breakdown, nutrient absorption, inflammatory responses and gut permeability. Studies have consistently shown that the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, in particular, is increased in obesity and reduces with weight loss. In addition, we and others have shown that the methanogenic Archaea may also contribute to altered metabolism and weight gain in the host. However, much remains to be learned about the roles of different gut microbial populations in weight gain and obesity and the underlying mechanisms before we can begin to approach targeted treatments.
The Frontal-Anatomic Specificity of Design Fluency Repetitions and Their Diagnostic Relevance for Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (2012)

On tests of design fluency, an examinee draws as many different designs as possible in a specified time limit while avoiding repetition. The neuroanatomical substrates and diagnostic group differences of design fluency repetition errors and total correct scores were examined in 110 individuals diagnosed with dementia, 53 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 37 neurologically healthy controls. The errors correlated significantly with volumes in the right and left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the right and left superior frontal gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the right striatum, but did not correlate with volumes in any parietal or temporal lobe regions. Regression analyses indicated that the lateral OFC may be particularly crucial for preventing these errors, even after excluding patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) from the analysis. Total correct correlated more diffusely with volumes in the right and left frontal and parietal cortex, the right temporal cortex, and the right striatum and thalamus. Patients diagnosed with bvFTD made significantly more repetition errors than patients diagnosed with MCI, Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, or corticobasal syndrome. In contrast, total correct design scores did not differentiate the dementia patients. These results highlight the frontal-anatomic specificity of design fluency repetitions. In addition, the results indicate that the propensity to make these errors supports the diagnosis of bvFTD. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1-11).
Power Supply Generation in CMOS Passive UHF RFID Tags (2006)

The paper discusses the design of a power generation circuit suitable to provide the supply voltage for a passive UHF RFID tag. The proposed differential rectifier exhibits a low activation threshold and is compatible with digital CMOS technologies. The chip supply voltage is obtained through a Dickson-based voltage multiplier and an ultra low-power voltage regulator
Activity-dependent FUS dysregulation disrupts synaptic homeostasis (2014)

The RNA-binding protein fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) has been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), two neurodegenerative disorders that share similar clinical and pathological features. Both missense mutations and overexpression of wild-type FUS protein can be pathogenic in human patients. To study the molecular and cellular basis by which FUS mutations and overexpression cause disease, we generated novel transgenic mice globally expressing low levels of human wild-type protein (FUS(WT)) and a pathological mutation (FUS(R521G)). FUS(WT) and FUS(R521G) mice that develop severe motor deficits also show neuroinflammation, denervated neuromuscular junctions, and premature death, phenocopying the human diseases. A portion of FUS(R521G) mice escape early lethality; these escapers have modest motor impairments and altered sociability, which correspond with a reduction of dendritic arbors and mature spines. Remarkably, only FUS(R521G) mice show dendritic defects; FUS(WT) mice do not. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors 1/5 in neocortical slices and isolated synaptoneurosomes increases endogenous mouse FUS and FUS(WT) protein levels but decreases the FUS(R521G) protein, providing a potential biochemical basis for the dendritic spine differences between FUS(WT) and FUS(R521G) mice.
The effect of surface chemistry and nanotopography of titanium nitride (TiN) films on 3T3‐L1 fibroblasts (2003)

The cell-material interaction of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with TiN films was studied in vitro. TiN films were deposited onto glass substrates to thicknesses of 0.2 and 1.0 microm by pulsed dc reactive magnetron sputtering. For comparison TiN films were deposited by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating by Teer Coatings Ltd. (Hartlebury, UK) to result in TiN films with similar surface chemistries but having increased topographical features. TiN films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The cell-material interaction was examined morphologically by monitoring fibroblast attachment and growth and comparing to a control substrate. At early time points increased numbers of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were found to preferentially attach to TiN films with an increase in the percentage of surface interstitial nitrogen and also with decreased topographical features. At later time points the presence of nanotopography appeared to play a greater role than the effects of surface chemistry and resulted in increased numbers of attached 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. The results show that by changing the deposition route and parameters to produce TiN films, the resultant films can be used to investigate the cellular response to surfaces of differing chemistry and topography.
Clinical significance of lactate clearance for the development of early allograft dysfunction and short‐term prognosis in deceased donor liver transplantation (2017)

This retrospective study evaluated lactate clearance (LC), measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after reperfusion, as a predictor of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and short-term outcomes in patients receiving deceased donor liver transplantation. Of 181 transplant recipients, 44 (24.3%) developed EAD and had lower LCs than those who did not develop EAD. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that LC determined at 6 hours showed the highest area under curve value of 0.828 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.755-0.990) for predicting the development of EAD at a cutoff value of 25.8% with 76.7% sensitivity and 77.9% specificity. LC values that fell below the cutoff values were significantly associated with EAD in a multivariate analysis, with values at 6 hours having the highest adjusted odds ratio (11.891, 95% CI: 4.469-31.639). In-hospital and 6 month mortalities were higher in patients with LC values below the cutoffs compared with those above the cutoff values at each time point. Thus, LC calculated shortly after reperfusion of an allograft is significantly discriminative for the development of EAD and is associated with short-term prognosis after deceased donor liver transplantation.
Image-Guided Resection of Glioblastoma and Intracranial Implantation of Therapeutic Stem Cell-seeded Scaffolds (2018)

Image-guided Resection Of Glioblastoma And Intracranial Implantation Of Therapeutic Stem Cell-seeded Scaffolds - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
A serial 4DCT study to quantify range variations in charged particle radiotherapy of thoracic cancers (2013)

Weekly serial 4DCT scans were acquired under free breathing conditions to assess water-equivalent path length (WEL) variations due to both intrafractional and interfractional changes in tissue thickness and density and to calculate proton dose distributions resulting from anatomical variations observed in serial 4DCT. A template of region of interests (ROIs) was defined on the anterior-posterior (AP) beam's eye view, and WEL measurements were made over these ROIs to quantify chest wall thickness variations. Interfractional proton dose distributions were calculated to assess changes in the expected dose distributions caused by range variations. Mean intrafractional chest wall WEL changes during respiration varied by: -4.1 mm (<-10.2 mm), -3.6 mm (<-7.1 mm), -3.2 mm (<-5.6 mm) and -2.5 mm (<-5.1 mm) during respiration in the ITV, upper, middle and lower lung regions, respectively. The mean interfractional chest wall WEL variation at Week 6 decreased by -4.0 mm (<-8.6 mm), -9.1 mm (<-17.9 mm), -9.4 mm (<-25.3 mm) and -4.5 mm (<-15.6 mm) in the ITV, upper, middle and lower lung regions, respectively. The variations were decomposed into anterior and posterior chest wall thickness changes. Dose overshoot beyond the target was observed when the initial boli was applied throughout the treatment course. This overshoot is due to chest wall thickness variations and target positional variations. The radiological path length can vary significantly during respiration as well as over the course of several weeks of charged particle therapy. Intrafractional/interfractional chest wall thickness changes can be a significant source of range variation in treatment of lung tumors with charged particle beams, resulting in dose distribution perturbations from the initial plan. Consideration of these range variations should be made in choosing the therapeutic charged particle beam range.
25(OH) Vitamin D3 Affects Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Proliferation (2013)

Abstract We recently demonstrated that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with insufficient serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels had a worse outcome following intensive induction therapy. However, the mechanisms by which 25(OH) vitamin D3 and its metabolites exert these effects are poorly understood. We utilized in vitro systems with orthogonal genomic and computational approaches to delineate leukemia-specific vitamin D molecular targets that may contribute to its activities. To achieve this goal, we systematically investigated vitamin D anti-proliferative effects using a genomically-annotated panel of human leukemia cell lines, including lines with genetic alterations that are commonly observed in patients. Since the genetic diversity of these cell lines reflects many of the alterations found in AML patients, we hypothesized that they collectively represent a model system to replicate candidate anti-leukemia drug effects. Specifically, we cultured 40 leukemia cell lines with and without 25(OH) vitamin D3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner for 72 hours and used high-throughput (HT) cell-based assays to simultaneously measure multiple modalities/ parameters related to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity (i.e. combining several HT assay chemistries to simultaneously assess cell number, viability, cytotoxicity and caspase activation events). Six AML cell lines (THP-1, MV4;11, MOLM-6, MOLM-13, EOL-1, JK-1) that responded to 25(OH) vitamin D3 treatment were identified and selected for multi-parametric RNA-Seq studies (NB 200nM Vitamin D treatment or vehicle control for 24 hours). Total RNA was extracted and analyzed by the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform and mRNA, microRNA and ncRNAs were unambiguously quantitated. Utilizing gene expression profiles and in silico computational modeling of canonical or putative vitamin D receptor elements (VDRE) transcription factor promoter binding sites, we (1) identified a conserved/core gene transcriptional signature and (2) subsequently developed a vitamin D – genetic inference model. Gene enrichment analysis of the inferred network model identified genes involved in abnormal hematopoiesis, proliferation and differentiation, interleukin secretion, leukocyte migration, and bone marrow cell morphology and/or development. Notably, our data identified several 25(OH) vitamin D3 transcriptional regulatory cascades that converge on ETS2, JUND, NCOA4, RXR4, WT1, and ZFP30 transcription factors. Furthermore, we also demonstrate temporal and spatial regulation of protein kinases CAMK1 and FGFR, cytokine and growth factors (cAMP, CCL2, IL-8 and TNF), and cell differentiation markers (CD14, CD97, FCGR2A, IL3RG, IL7R, ITGAM, THBD). In summary, these data suggest that 25(OH) vitamin D3 exerts both direct anti-proliferative effects on leukemia cells and direct/indirect leukemia inhibitory microenvironment reprograming activities and better clarify the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activity of 25(OH) vitamin D3 in AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Random packings of spheres and fluidity limits of monodisperse and bidisperse suspensions (1992)

The transition from a fluid to solid state is investigated by studying the viscosity of concentrated noncolloidal monodisperse and bidisperse suspensions of hard spheres. The notion of a range of fluidity limits, analogous to glass transition densities, is introduced. Lower bounds to this range are determined and compared with dry random close packings of the spheres. The ratio of the random-close-packing fraction to the lower bound fluidity limit of the bidisperse suspensions is found to be the same as for monodisperse spheres, a constant of 1.19, suggesting a random structure at this limit.
Edge steered region segmentation by photometric color invariant (1997)

In this paper, an edge- and a region-based segmentation method are proposed effective for color images exploiting the change of apparent intensity independent of the viewpoint, the geometry of the object, the intensity and position of the illumination, and specularities (highlights). Assuming dichromatic reflectance and white illumination, color models are identified denoting RGB-subspaces on which colors from the same shiny surface patch are projected under varying imaging conditions. The color invariant properties are then used to achieve robust photometric color invariant image segmentation. To evaluate the performance of the segmentation methods, color images have been taken from full-color objects in real-world scenes where objects are composed of a variety of materials including plastic, textile, paper, wood, rubber, painted metal, ceramic and fruit. Experiments show that the proposed segmentation methods are able to generate proper segmentation results independent of viewpoint of the camera, orientation of the object, direction and intensity of the illumination, and highlights. The images and the performance of the segmentation methods can be experienced within the ZOMAX system on-line at http://www.wins.uva.nl/research/isis/zomax/. 1
Optical single sideband modulator for distribution of digital broadcasting signals on millimetre-wave band based on self-heterodyne (2004)

An optical single sideband modulator has been developed for a 40 GHz radio-on-fibre cable system using double self-heterodyne technology. To improve the reception CN ratio, the optical modulation depth is easily optimised by adjusting the bias voltage applied on three electrodes.
Disruption of Angiogenesis by PEX, a Noncatalytic Metalloproteinase Fragment with Integrin Binding Activity. (1998)

Brooks, P C; Silletti, S; von Schalscha, T L; Friedlander, M; Cheresh, D A Author Information
25 Gbit/s QPSK Hybrid Fiber-Wireless Transmission in the W-Band (75–110 GHz) With Remote Antenna Unit for In-Building Wireless Networks (2012)

In this paper, we demonstrate a photonic up-converted 25 Gbit/s fiber-wireless quadrature phase shift-keying (QPSK) data transmission link at the W-band (75-110 GHz). By launching two free-running lasers spaced at 87.5 GHz into a standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) at the central office, a W-band radio-over-fiber (RoF) signal is generated and distributed to the remote antenna unit (RAU). One laser carries 12.5 Gbaud optical baseband QPSK data, and the other acts as a carrier frequency generating laser. The two signals are heterodyne mixed at a photodetector in the RAU, and the baseband QPSK signal is transparently up-converted to the W-band. After the wireless transmission, the received signal is first down-converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) at 13.5 GHz at an electrical balanced mixer before being sampled and converted to the digital domain. A digital-signal-processing (DSP)-based receiver is employed for offline digital down-conversion and signal demodulation. We successfully demonstrate a 25 Gbit/s QPSK wireless data transmission link over a 22.8 km SSMF plus up to 2.13 m air distance with a bit-error-rate performance below the 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> forward error correction (FEC) limit. The proposed system may have the potential for the integration of the in-building wireless networks with the fiber access networks, e.g., fiber-to-the-building (FTTB).
Vapor Pressures of 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1-Methyl-azepan-2-one, and 1,2-Epoxy-3-chloropropane (2007)

The saturated vapor pressures were measured for samples, of mole fraction purity of 99.98 %, of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 1-methyl-azepan-2-one (N-methylcaprolactam), and 1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane (epichlorohydrin) over wide temperature ranges by comparative ebulliometry. Measurements were made over the temperature range of (380.73 to 475.72) K for 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, (402.95 to 510.60) K for N-methylcaprolactam, and (315.67 to 388.29) K for epichlorohydrin, respectively. The experimental data were correlated, and overall measures of data reproducibility are given. The results are compared with literature data.
Feasibility and electromagnetic design of direct drive wheel actuator for green taxiing (2011)

This paper considers the feasibility of equipping the main landing gears with electric motors for the aircraft traction during the taxi phase. Those electromechanical wheel actuators make possible a “Green Taxi” operation by considerably reducing the on-ground carbon emission. Moreover, this will enable important fuel saving for short distance flights with high frequency of landing and take-off. In this work, direct drive wheel actuator is considered for energy efficiency and mechanical reliability. Two possible locations of the actuator are examined and the weights of the corresponding electric machines are compared. The most weight efficient location is then selected. A high torque density permanent magnet machine is then designed to fit in this envelope and to satisfy peak torque, weight and flux weakening capability requirements. The design procedure as well as several technologies adopted to maximize the torque density are presented.
Distance from home to birth hospital, transfer, and mortality in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in California (2022)

Infants born to mothers experiencing poverty were more likely to be born close to home. Infants with HLHS who were born close to home and not transferred to a cardiac center had a higher risk of neonatal mortality than infants who were delivered far from home and not transferred. Future studies should identify the barriers to delivery at a cardiac center for mothers experiencing poverty.
Advances in the Treatment of Advanced Extracutaneous Melanomas and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (2017)

Cutaneous malignancies make up the greatest proportion of all human cancers and include melanomas as well as nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), as well as less common Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), cutaneous lymphomas, cutaneous adnexal tumors, Kaposi sarcomas, and other sarcomas. Each of these NMSCs differ significantly in biology, clinical behavior, and optimal treatment recommendations from each other and from cutaneous melanoma. Similarly, less common extracutaneous melanomas, such as mucosal (MMs) and uveal (UMs), are unique biologic and clinical entities that require distinct diagnostic and management considerations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in biology and treatment of extracutaneous melanomas and NMSCs, including MMs, UMs, cSCC, BCC, and MCC.