gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, an anti‐cancer and anti‐angiogenic steroid, inhibits the plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells (1989)

Abstract Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is an anti‐cancer drug for mammary carcinomas and an angiostatic steroid. The effects of MPA on the growth and plasminogen activator (PA) activity of bovine endothelial cells were investigated to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism observed in angiogenesis. MPA did not suppress the growth of capillary endothelial cells, even at high concentrations. On the other hand, in bovine endothelial cells of 3 types (adrenal cortical capillary, aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells), MPA inhibited extracellular and cell‐associated activity of PA, which might be a protease involved in the neovascular response. MPA also greatly inhibited the high level of PA induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The same result was obtained when PA production was induced by 4β‐phorbol‐l2‐myri‐state‐13‐acetate (PMA) in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that one of the points of inhibitory action of MPA in the process of angiogenesis may be the suppression of PA activity, and that inhibition of this protease might be useful for reduction of tumorigenic or excessive angiogenesis in vivo .
New fluorene based materials for organic electronics (2005)

We report the synthesis of oligo(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-bithiophenes 4a-e.The molecular weight was tuned by an endcapping reaction with the monofunctional 2-bromo-9,9-di-(noctyl)-fluorene 2. All oligomers show nematic mesophases and no sign for crystallisation upon cooling.The clearing temperatures are in the range from 80 C to 288 C in oligomers with different molecular weight.A plot of 1/P n versus the clearing temperature results in a clearing temperature of 366 C for the ideal polymer.First orientation experiments on rubbed polyimide films give a maximum orientation of 8.2 to 1 parallel and perpendicular to the rubbing direction.
Generalized periodontal involvement in a young patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (1999)

Inflammation is considered to be a leading cause of morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet inflammatory periodontal involvement is rarely encountered. A young lady suffering from active SLE accompanied by severe periodontal loss, manifested by gingival recession of all her teeth, was referred to our clinic for treatment. The association between periodontal involvement and connective tissue diseases is unclear, and the literature dealing with periodontal involvement in patients suffering from Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis is comprised of studies showing both normal and pathological periodontal status. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.
Comparison of Methods for Removing Noise in an Image Obtained in a Specular Microscope at a Wavelength of 13.84 nm (2022)

In this paper, selection of the optimal filtering method and variations in its parameters are carried out to improve the image quality without losing the useful signal. A new image-filtering method that does not lead to the blurring of images is proposed to remove noise. The appearance of noise is associated with heating of the recording system of the specular “soft” X-ray microscope. At the moment, there are a vast number of methods and algorithms for removing noise from an image. However, most the methods blur the original image because of filtering according to the filter kernel. This blurring leads to a deterioration in the resolution or even to the loss of some useful information, which can play an important role in the processing of experimental images. A combined image-filtering method that includes a threshold filter and a median one is proposed. This combination allows one to initially find local jumps or dips of the signal (the range of which is set manually), which will later be replaced by median values of the vicinity of a point in the image. As a result, the median filter is not applied to the entire image, but only where there are sharp differences in the intensity, so it does not blur the image as a whole.
Comparison of antigen-specific T cell responses in autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr and MRL/Mp-+/+ mice. (1984)

The MRL-1 mouse develops severe autoimmune disease characterized by high titers of autoantibodies at an early age (3 to 5 mo). The congeneic MRL-n mouse, which differs only in the lymphoproliferative (lpr) gene, exhibits no such pathologic or serologic abnormalities at the same age. We examined antigen-specific T cell responses in the MRL-1 mouse and compared them to age- and sex-matched MRL-n controls. We found broad defects in these responses in the MRL-1 mouse; an inability to generate primary allospecific and hapten-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL), secondary hapten- and virus-specific CTL, as well as a deficient proliferative response to hapten and natural antigens and a weak delayed-type hypersensitivity response were demonstrated. Our data furthermore suggest a lack of interleukin 2 (IL 2) acceptor sites in the proliferating T cell, while suggesting no such lack on CTL precursors. In fact, the deficient CTL responses in MRL-1 mice can be restored to levels seen in MRL-n by the in vitro addition of IL 2. The implications of these findings and the possible explanations for the relative deficit in helper function in the MRL-1 mouse are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 75. A NEW ELECTROGENERATED BASE. CONDENSATION OF CHLOROFORM WITH ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES (1984)

Abstract Aus dem Pyrrolidon (I) wird elektrochemisch die Base (II) erzeugt, mit deren Hilfe aus Chloroform (IV) und den Aldehyden (III) die Trichlorethanole (V) gebildet werden.
Therapeutic radionuclides in nuclear medicine: current and future prospects (2014)

The potential use of radionuclides in therapy has been recognized for many decades. A number of radionuclides, such as iodine-131 ((131)I), phosphorous-32 ((32)P), strontium-90 ((90)Sr), and yttrium-90 ((90)Y), have been used successfully for the treatment of many benign and malignant disorders. Recently, the rapid growth of this branch of nuclear medicine has been stimulated by the introduction of a number of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and neuroendocrine and other malignant or non-malignant tumours. Today, the field of radionuclide therapy is enjoying an exciting phase and is poised for greater growth and development in the coming years. For example, in Asia, the high prevalence of thyroid and liver diseases has prompted many novel developments and clinical trials using targeted radionuclide therapy. This paper reviews the characteristics and clinical applications of the commonly available therapeutic radionuclides, as well as the problems and issues involved in translating novel radionuclides into clinical therapies.
The punctal apposition syndrome: a new surgical approach (2002)

This new surgical approach to the PAS, using a LCT repair, was successful in all patients. Two patients (three eyes) required conjunctivochalasis excision.
Solvent Polarity Parameters of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Measured by Infrared Spectroscopy (1991)

Abstract The solvent polarity parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide were determined as a function of the temperature and pressure within the ranges 318–353 K and 5.85–28.5 MPa. An infrared (IR) spectroscopic technique has been employed to determine the values of π* dipolarity/polarizability and the Lewis basicity parameter BMeOD by measuring the transitions in the IR absorption wavelength of functional groups (such as C=O and O–H···BA, where BA is a hydrogen-bond acceptor), in supercritical carbon dioxide. Ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy was used to determine the value of the Kamlet-Taft’s solvatochromic acidity partameter, α. The BMeOD-value was enhanced with density, but was very small at the temperatures and pressures examined, almost the same as that for hexane. The α-value tended to be dependent on density at lower pressures, but was remarkably smaller compared with those for alcohols. The π*-value significantly increased with an increase in the density, becoming more negative at higher temperatures above 10 MPa. Furthermore, the ET(30)-value was estimated by using the determined π*-value. A reliable ET(30)-value for supercritical carbon dioxide has been obtained.
Functional analysis of microRNAs in human hepatocellular cancer stem cells (2011)

MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and cancer development. A rare population of hepatocellular cancer stem cells (HSCs) holds the extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential necessary to form a liver tumour. We postulated that specific transcriptional factors might regulate the expression of microRNAs and subsequently modulate the expression of gene products involved in phenotypic characteristics of HSCs. We evaluated the expression of microRNA in human HSCs by microarray profiling, and defined the target genes and functional effects of two groups of microRNA regulated by IL-6 and transcriptional factor Twist. A subset of highly chemoresistant and invasive HSCs was screened with aberrant expressions of cytokine IL-6 and Twist. We demonstrated that conserved let-7 and miR-181 family members were up-regulated in HSCs by global microarray-based microRNA profiling followed by validation with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, inhibition of let-7 increases the chemosensitivity of HSCs to sorafenib and doxorubicin whereas silencing of miR-181 led to a reduction in HSCs motility and invasion. Knocking down IL-6 and Twist in HSCs significantly reduced let-7 and miR-181 expression and subsequently inhibited chemoresistance and cell invasion. We showed that let-7 directly targets SOCS-1 and caspase-3, whereas miR-181 directly targets RASSF1A, TIMP3 as well as nemo-like kinase (NLK). In conclusion, alterations of IL-6- and Twist-regulated microRNA expression in HSCs play a part in tumour spreading and responsiveness to chemotherapy. Our results define a novel regulatory mechanism of let-7/miR-181s suggesting that let-7 and miR-181 may be molecular targets for eradication of hepatocellular malignancies.
Pharmacology and toxicology of COX-2 inhibitors (2004)

The pharmacological premise upon which the prostaglandin G/H synthase II (PGHS-II) or cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors was developed was essentially that founded in the identification of two different genes coding for the cyclo-oxygenases-1 and -2 [1–3]. COX-1 is considered to be a constitutive enzyme that is responsible for "housekeeping" or physiological functions (e.g., some gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal, renal and haemostatic functions and protective effects) while COX-2, which is induced by inflammatory stimuli, is considered to be important in inflammation, pain and fever [1–5]. Comprehensive reviews on the regulation and roles of these two isoenzymes in inflammation are found in [1–9] and Figure 1 summarizes their essential features.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (3′ → 5′) Methylene Acetal Linked Dinucleosides Containing Cytosine Bases. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ice-Cap. A High-Throughput Method for Capturing Plant Tissue Samples for Genotype Analysis (2004)

High-throughput genotype screening is rapidly becoming a standard research tool in the post-genomic era. A major bottleneck currently exists, however, that limits the utility of this approach in the plant sciences. The rate-limiting step in current high-throughput pipelines is that tissue samples from living plants must be collected manually, one plant at a time. In this article I describe a novel method for harvesting tissue samples from living seedlings that eliminates this bottleneck. The method has been named Ice-Cap to reflect the fact that ice is used to capture the tissue samples. The planting of seeds, growth of seedlings, and harvesting of tissue are all performed in a 96-well format. I demonstrate the utility of this system by using tissue harvested by Ice-Cap to genotype a population of Arabidopsis seedlings that is segregating a previously characterized mutation. Because the harvesting of tissue is performed in a nondestructive manner, plants with the desired genotype can be transferred to soil and grown to maturity. I also show that Ice-Cap can be used to analyze genomic DNA from rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. It is expected that this method will be applicable to high-throughput screening with many different plant species, making it a useful technology for performing marker assisted selection.
Targeting the adrenomedullin-2 receptor for the discovery and development of novel anti-cancer agents (2022)

As tool compounds, AM<sub>2</sub>R antagonists will allow the dissection of the functions of CGRPR (calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor), AM<sub>1</sub>R and AM<sub>2</sub>R, and has considerable potential as a first-in-class oncology therapy. Furthermore, the lack of detectable side effects and good drug-like pharmacokinetic properties of these AM<sub>2</sub>R antagonists support the promise of this class of compounds as potential anti-cancer therapeutics.
Phosphasalen group IV metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and ring opening polymerization of lactide (2020)

We report the synthesis of a series of Zr and Ti complexes bearing phosphasalen which differs from salen by the incorporation of two P atoms in the ligand backbone. The reaction of phosphasalen proligands (1a-1c)H<sub>2</sub> with Zr(CH<sub>2</sub>Ph)<sub>4</sub> led to different products depending on the nature of the N,N-linker in the ligand. In the case of ethylene-linked phosphasalen, octahedral Zr complex 2a formed as a single stereoisomer in trans geometry. With the phenylene linker, it was shown by dynamic NMR spectroscopy that complex 2b exists as a mixture of trans and cis-β isomers in solution, both enantiomers (Δ and Λ) of the cis-β isomer being in fast equilibrium with respect to the NMR time-scale. The use of a propylene-linked phosphasalen proligand 1cH<sub>2</sub> led to a mixture of complexes among which a binuclear Zr complex 2c bridged only by one phosphasalen ligand could be isolated and characterized. Addition of 2 equiv. of <sup>i</sup>PrOH to 2a and 2b afforded diisoproxy Zr complexes 3a and 3b as a mixture of trans and cis-β isomers, the latter undergoing fast Δ/Λ isomerization in solution. Addition of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> to 2a and 2b gave cationic monobenzyl Zr complexes 4a and 4b which have been further converted into cationic alkoxy Zr complexes 5a-b and 6a-b by alcoholysis with <sup>i</sup>PrOH and (S)-methyl-lactate, respectively. The reaction of the phosphasalen proligands with Ti(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub> proceeded diastereoselectively giving rise to Ti complexes 7a-c in octahedral geometry with cis-β wrapping of the ligand. The complexes have been tested for the ROP of rac-lactide. The neutral phosphasalen Ti and Zr complexes showed only poor activity probably due to the encumbered and electron donating nature of the phosphasalen ligand. In contrast, the cationic Zr alkoxides 5a, 6a and 6b are effective initiators for the controlled and hetero-selective ROP of rac-lactide.
Pseudo-Return-to-Zero modulation scheme: Application to the compensation of Intra-Polarization skew for polMux signals (2009)

We demonstrate a precise skew monitoring between multiplexed polarizations, demultiplexed polarization discrimination and large-PMD tolerance enhancement for 110Gbit/s PolMux-QPSK signal, by introducing a new modulation scheme, Pseudo-Return-to-Zero, and using the information it carries.
Molecular electrochemistry and electrocatalysis: a dynamic view (2014)

The frequent simple gross redox reaction notation, where A is a solution species and Bads is its adsorbed reduction product, is misleading in its simplicity. It may represent a concerted reaction, i.e., a true elementary step in which the electron transfer (ET) to the solution species A is concerted with the creation of the electrode-species bond(s) in Bads. Conversely, the reaction may be a composite one involving two sequential steps. One such two-step mechanism may be termed as a CadsEads sequence where Cads stands for a pre-adsorption elementary step and Eads for the follow-up ET. Alternatively, the two steps may proceed in the reverse order, leading to an EsolnCads mechanism in which A is reduced into B, both being solution species, followed by adsorption of B onto the electrode.The present theoretical investigations show that a different panel of voltammetric behaviours may be produced by each mechanism. Hence, rationalising voltammetric peak positions and shapes in terms of surface or potential effects is challenging and may be completely erroneous if the wrong mechanistic sequence is considered.
The COVID States Project #83: Executive Approval (2022)

The Covid States Project has been tracking trends in executive approval of management of the COVID-19 outbreak throughout the pandemic. We find:● Generally, there has been a downward trend for approval of all governors since the beginning of the pandemic.● Republican respondents in particular have trended downwards in their approval of governors. Republican approval of Democratic governors has dropped from a high of 57% in April 2020, to 19% in April, 2022. Approval of Republicans for Republican governors has fallen almost as quickly, from a high of 77% in April 2020, to 44% currently.● In the early stages of the pandemic, President Trump had notably low approval for his handling of the pandemic, far below the average approval levels of governors. President Biden has generally had approval levels above those of President Trump, peaking in the spring of 2021, and declining steadily since. This decline has been somewhat faster than the decline in approval of governors, reaching a nadir in April 2022 one point below that of the average governor at 38%.
Efficacy of biofeedback therapy via a mini wireless device on sleep bruxism contrasted with occlusal splint: a pilot study (2015)

The putative causes of bruxism are multifactorial and there are no definite measures for bruxism management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback therapy on sleep bruxism, compared with occlusal splint. Twenty-four volunteers with sleep bruxism were divided into two groups: the GTB group that were treated with biofeedback therapy (n = 12) and the GTO group that were treated with occlusal splint (n = 12). A mini pressure sensor integrated with a monitoring circuit by use of a maxillary biofeedback splint was fabricated. To foster the relaxation of the masticatory muscles and the nervous system, the wireless device received signals from bruxism events and vibrations alerted the bruxer when the threshold was exceeded. Total episodes and average duration of bruxism events during 8 hours of sleep were analyzed with the monitoring program (TRMY1.0). After 6 and 12 weeks, the episodes (P = 0.001) and duration (P < 0.05) in the GTB group declined dramatically. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the GTO group after the treatment (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the episodes had significant differences between the GTB group and the GTO group after the same period of treatment (P = 0.000). The results suggest that biofeedback therapy may be an effective and convenient measure for mild bruxers, when compared with occlusal splint therapy. The mini wireless biofeedback method may be of value for the diagnosis and management of bruxism in the future.
Correlation between Phenotype and Genotype in CTNNB1 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2022)

The CTNNB1 Syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and delayed or absent speech. The aim of the present study is to systematically review the available data on the prevalence of clinical manifestations and to evaluate the correlation between phenotype and genotype in published cases of patients with CTNNB1 Syndrome. Studies were identified by systematic searches of four major databases. Information was collected on patients' genetic mutations, prenatal and neonatal problems, head circumference, muscle tone, EEG and MRI results, dysmorphic features, eye abnormalities, early development, language and comprehension, behavioral characteristics, and additional clinical problems. In addition, the mutations were classified into five groups according to the severity of symptoms. The study showed wide genotypic and phenotypic variability in patients with CTNNB1 Syndrome. The most common moderate-severe phenotype manifested in facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, various motor disabilities, language and cognitive impairments, and behavioral abnormalities (e.g., autistic-like or aggressive behavior). Nonsense and missense mutations occurring in exons 14 and 15 were classified in the normal clinical outcome category/group because they had presented an otherwise normal phenotype, except for eye abnormalities. A milder phenotype was also observed with missense and nonsense mutations in exon 13. The autosomal dominant CTNNB1 Syndrome encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from normal to severe. While mutations cannot be more generally categorized by location, it is generally observed that the C-terminal protein region (exons 13, 14, 15) correlates with a milder phenotype.
Cardiovascular disease risk profiles (1991)

This article presents prediction equations for several cardiovascular disease endpoints, which are based on measurements of several known risk factors. Subjects (n = 5573) were original and offspring subjects in the Framingham Heart Study, aged 30 to 74 years, and initially free of cardiovascular disease. Equations to predict risk for the following were developed: myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD), death from CHD, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and death from cardiovascular disease. The equations demonstrated the potential importance of controlling multiple risk factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, glucose intolerance, and left ventricular hypertrophy) as opposed to focusing on one single risk factor. The parametric model used was seen to have several advantages over existing standard regression models. Unlike logistic regression, it can provide predictions for different lengths of time, and probabilities can be expressed in a more straightforward way than the Cox proportional hazards model.
Control-theory heuristics for improving the behavior of economic models (1988)

Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-22).
A Gamma mixture model better accounts for among site rate heterogeneity (2005)

C++ source codes are available from the authors upon request.
Marching Cubes without Skinny Triangles (2009)

Most computational codes that use irregular grids depend on the single worst triangle's quality: skinny triangles can lead to bad performance and numerical instabilities. Marching cubes (MC) is the standard isosurface grid generation algorithm, and, whereas most triangles it generates are good, it almost always generates some bad triangles. Here, we show how simple changes to MC can lead to a drastically reduced number of degenerate triangles, making it a more practical choice for isosurface grid generation.