gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Bi-Sr-Ca-Mg-Cu-OXIDE (1991)

A Mg -substituted material with nominal composition Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 3 Mg 2 Cu 6 O x , prepared by partial substitution of Ca by isovalent Mg in the 2256 composition of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O , has been studied by the measurements of electrical resistance, magnetic susceptibility and X-ray diffraction pattern. Results show the existence of a superconducting phase with onset T c at 112.5±1 K along with a minor phase with onset T c =88 K . The material retained superconducting characteristics (Meissner effect and T c onset ) even after a period of six months.
Ripples and Layers in Ultrathin MoS2 Membranes (2011)

Single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a newly emerging two-dimensional semiconductor with a potentially wide range of applications in the fields of nanoelectronics and energy harvesting. The fact that it can be exfoliated down to single-layer thickness makes MoS2 interesting both for practical applications and for fundamental research, where the structure and crystalline order of ultrathin MoS2 will have a strong influence on electronic, mechanical, and other properties. Here, we report on the transmission electron microscopy study of suspended single- and few-layer MoS2 membranes with thicknesses previously determined using both optical identification and atomic force microscopy. Electron microscopy shows that monolayer MoS2 displays long-range crystalline order, although surface roughening has been observed with ripples which can reach 1 nm in height, just as in the case of graphene, implying that similar mechanisms are responsible for the stability of both two-dimensional materials. The observed ripples could explain the degradation of mobility in MoS2 due to exfoliation. We also find that symmetry breaking due to the reduction of the number of layers results in distinctive features in electron-beam diffraction patterns of single- and multilayer MoS2, which could be used as a method for identifying single layers using only electron microscopy. The isolation of suspended single-layer MoS2 membranes will improve our understanding of two-dimensional systems, their stability, and the interplay between their structures, morphologies, and electrical and mechanical properties.
Gain-equalized, eight-wavelength WDM optical add-drop multiplexer with an 8-dB dynamic range (1995)

The performance of a gain-equalized, eight-wavelength WDM optical add-drop multiplexer (W-ADM) has been measured. By operating the EDFA 9-dB into saturation, the gain was equalized to within 1 dB with a minimum gain of 15 dB, over a 20-nm optical bandwidth and for total input signal power variations of 8 dB. The individual output powers were constant to within 1 dB over a 6-dB range of input powers. These results indicate that for a large range of input signal powers it would not be necessary to readjust the EDFA gain equalizer. However, pump power degradation had a stronger impact on gain variation: a 1.4-dB reduction of pump power caused gain variations of 1.8 dB. In addition, polarization-dependent losses of the W-ADM induced output power fluctuations of 1.6 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A study on electromagnetic energy recovery in SRM system (2002)

In this paper, an efficient type of SRM (switched reluctance motor) system is presented. It shows high specific output power and energy conversion ratio through proper matching the driving conditions with the electromagnetic structure. For the best utilization of the torque producing capability of the system, two driving conditions are required. The first is to get the current in the form of a flat-topped waveform in driving mode. The other is to recover electromagnetic energy as quickly as possible at turn-off. The first condition is satisfied by a control strategy with voltage and switching angle controllers. Several considerations for the proper design of the recovery circuit are also presented in detail. They include considerations on the control method, amplitude of recovered energy and circuit parameters which can guarantee the successful operation of the system. The validity of the system proposed and the adequacy of parameter estimation are verified through test results obtained by operating the variable-speed SRM drive system.
Mapping water influx and hydrocarbon depletion in offshore reservoirs using gravimetry: Requirements on gravimeter calibration (2017)

Time-lapse seafloor gravimetry is a mature technology for monitoring water influx and hydrocarbon depletion in offshore fields. It has now been used for more than two decades on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). As opposed to time-lapse seismic, gravity is sensitive to density changes alone, thus its interpretation is not subject to ambiguities from competing signals from e. g. pressure-induced changes in the elastic properties of the reservoir. A typical application of gravity is mapping and quantifying aquifer influx in gas fields. This provides valuable information for the prediction of water breakthrough in wells. Furthermore, aquifer influx is a key element for understanding the mass balance in the reservoir and for a better estimation of hydrocarbon volumes in place. For such quantitative analyses, an accurate calibration of the measured gravity signal, and hence of the gravimeters themselves, is required. This can be obtained both by dedicated land calibration operations and by off-shore in-situ calibrations. The latter is found to be more accurate and easier to perform in practice. However, land calibration of the gravimeters provides an efficient method for sensor screening before offshore operations. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Start Time: 9:20 AM Location: 360C Presentation Type: ORAL
Spillover Effects of Crimes in Neighboring States of Mexico (2012)

The recent surge in crime and drug-related violence in Mexico has had a profound effect on the Mexican economy. Thousands of businesses have closed in Ciudad Juarez, a city that borders the U.S., due to the violence that has erupted between drug cartels. It has been estimated by Rios (2007) that $4.3 billion of losses occur yearly to Mexico, due to illegal drug activity in the country. Using a spatial model, this paper analyzes the determinants of crime in Mexican states. It was found that high levels of total crime and drug-related violence in neighboring states of Mexico have spillover effects. They lead to higher levels of theft in a given state, which serves as a source of funds to the cartels to purchase drugs they sell and to purchase services of enforcement gangs that carry out the orders of the cartels. Individual state economic growth and development can be significantly increased if a solution can be found to Mexico’s crime problem and drug-related violence
Lithium Superionic Sulfide Cathode for All-Solid Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2013)

This work presents a facile synthesis approach for core-shell structured Li2S nanoparticles with Li2S as the core and Li3PS4 as the shell. This material functions as lithium superionic sulfide (LSS) cathode for long-lasting, energy-efficient lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The LSS has an ionic conductivity of 10(-7) S cm(-1) at 25 °C, which is 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk Li2S (∼10(-13) S cm(-1)). The high lithium-ion conductivity of LSS imparts an excellent cycling performance to all-solid Li-S batteries, which also promises safe cycling of high-energy batteries with metallic lithium anodes.
Validation of tonometric measurement of gut intramural pH during endotoxemia and mesenteric occlusion in pigs (1990)

Tonometry is a minimally invasive method for estimating gastrointestinal intramural pH (pHi). Tissue pH is calculated by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and measurements of arterial [HCO-3] and CO2 tension (PCO3) of saline contained in a Silastic balloon within the lumen of the gut. The validity of the method rests on two key assumptions: 1) PCO2 in saline in the tonometer balloon is similar to tissue PCO2 and 2) tissue and arterial [HCO-3] are similar. To validate this method, ileal pHi measured directly with a microelectrode was compared with pHi estimated tonometrically in four groups of anesthetized pigs. Group I (n = 4) were controls. In group II (n = 4), intestinal tissue acidosis was induced by total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). In group III (n = 5), acidosis was induced by partial occlusion of the SMA. In group IV (n = 4), tissue acidosis was induced by endotoxemia. Agreement was excellent between direct and tonometric measurements in groups I and IV and less good in groups II and III. Weighted mean correlation coefficients (rw) for the two measurement methods were 0.743 and 0.9447 in groups II and IV, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the individual animals in group III were more variable than the other groups and ranged from 0.547 to 0.990. The tonometric method for measuring GI pHi is invalid under conditions of zero flow and leads to error under conditions of low flow. However, the method is reliable in the setting of tissue acidosis induced by endotoxemia.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Methyl Amino Acids Using Biotransformation as a Key Step (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Incidencia de las acciones motivadoras de los docentes, para disminuir la deserción escolar en los estudiantes del INTAE, de II y III año de Administración de empresa II semestre (2016)

El exito del aprendizaje y de una excelente retencion estudiantil en un centro de estudio ya sea publico o privado depende de la motivacion y las acciones motivadoras de los docente, estos son elementos esenciales para que exista un proceso eficaz de ensenanza – aprendizaje y asi lograr la retencion escolar de los estudiantes en las aulas.
La motivacion es fundamental tanto para el docente como para el estudiante, en este trabajo investigativo se citan algunos autores como: Xochitl de la Pena, que nos habla sobre la motivacion en el aula, Luis Martin Sobrado Fernandez con las habilidades de aprendizaje. Autores que nos hablan de la desercion escolar como Folricely Dzay Chulim, Oscar Manuel Narvaez.
Los apartados que contiene este trabajo investigativo son: planteamiento del problema, objetivos, preguntas de investigacion y justificacion aqui se determina la conveniencia y la relevancia social del trabajo investigativo. Marco teorico se define la teoria que va relacionada al tema de investigacion el cual se aprecia en el planteamiento del problema. Metodologia del cual se derivan contexto de la investigacion, enfoque metodologico, tipo de estudio y Sistema de categorias instrumentos.
En el apartado de la metodologia se describe el tipo de estudio de esta investigacion el cual es cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenologico, donde tambien se citan autores como: Hernandez, Fernandez y Baptista con metodologia de la investigacion y Antonio Latorre con el libro la investigacion accion.
Collaborative SLAM Based on WiFi Fingerprint Similarity and Motion Information (2019)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has been extensively researched in past years particularly with regard to range-based or visual-based sensors. Instead of deploying dedicated devices that use visual features, it is more pragmatic to exploit the radio features to achieve this task, due to their ubiquitous nature and the widespread deployment of the Wi-Fi wireless network. This article presents a novel approach for collaborative simultaneous localization and radio fingerprint mapping (C-SLAM-RF) in large unknown indoor environments. The proposed system uses received signal strengths (RSS) from Wi-Fi access points (APs) in the existing infrastructure and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) from a smartphone, without a prior knowledge about map or distribution of AP in the environment. We claim a loop closure based on the similarity of the two radio fingerprints. To further improve the performance, we incorporate the turning motion and assign a small uncertainty value to a loop closure if a matched turning is identified. The experiment was done in an area of 130 m by 70 m and the results show that our proposed system is capable of estimating the tracks of four users with an accuracy of 0.6 m with Tango-based PDR and 4.76 m with a step counter-based PDR.
Expression and mutation of c-kit gene in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2003)

KIT is a useful marker for diagnosis of GISTs. Mutation of the c-kit gene may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of GISTs and may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with GISTs.
Tracking human genes along the translational continuum (2019)

Understanding the drivers of research on human genes is a critical component to success of translation efforts of genomics into medicine and public health. Using publicly available curated online databases we sought to identify specific genes that are featured in translational genetic research in comparison to all genomics research publications. Articles in the CDC's Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base were stratified into studies that have moved beyond basic research to population and clinical epidemiologic studies (T1: clinical and population human genome epidemiology research), and studies that evaluate, implement, and assess impact of genes in clinical and public health areas (T2+: beyond bench to bedside). We examined gene counts and numbers of publications within these phases of translation in comparison to all genes from Medline. We are able to highlight those genes that are moving from basic research to clinical and public health translational research, namely in cancer and a few genetic diseases with high penetrance and clinical actionability. Identifying human genes of translational value is an important step towards determining an evidence-based trajectory of the human genome in clinical and public health practice over time.
Complete isolation and characterization of silybins and isosilybins from milk thistle (Silybum marianum)Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: HPLC chromatograms of isolates and extracts. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b3/b300099k/ (2003)

Complete separation, isolation, and structural characterization of four diastereoisomeric flavonolignans, silybins A (1) and B (2), and isosilybins A (3) and B (4) from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) were achieved for the first time using a preparative reversed-phase HPLC method. In addition, three other flavonolignans, silychristin (5) isosilychristin (6) and silydianin (7), and a flavonoid, taxifolin (8) were isolated. Structures, including absolute stereochemistries of 1-4, were confirmed using 2D NMR and CD spectroscopy.
Effect of superplastic deformation on microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of Ti–6AI–4V (1991)

AbstractAbstractThe fine grained, equiaxed duplex α/β phase microstructure of Ti–6AI–4V alloy enables large uniform plastic strains to be obtained under superplastic conditions. In this paper the role of microstructure and texture in superplastic deformation is considered. A banded, two phase microstructure gives rise to anisotropic superplastic flow stresses and strains, and can affect post-formed mechanical properties. The effect of microstructure is discussed with reference to the behaviour of Ti–6AI–4V alloy in various product forms: thick and thin sheet, extruded section and tube, and rolled bar. Manufacturing costs may dictate the use of fusion welding or diffusion bonding before superplastic forming, and the effect of such joints on deformation is described. The above data are related to other published work on Ti alloys, and the implications for the manufacture of components by superplastic forming are considered.MST/1328
Abstract 12313: Uncovering Functional and Structural Remodeling Progression of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Over Time in a Rapid Atrial Pacing Canine Model - New Mechanistic Insights in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (2022)

Introduction: The specific underlying persistent AF mechanisms are complex, and their development and remodeling processes over time are still not well understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that continuous rapid atrial pacing (RAP) in dogs induces persistent AF by affecting electrogram measures, fibrosis and oxidative stress (OS). Methods: AF was induced in 15 dogs (25-35 kg, 1 year) by RAP (3-14 weeks RAP, 600 beats/min), and 7 control dogs were used. We performed high-resolution epicardial mapping in 15 dogs and 8 controls using a high-density epicardial mapping plaque (6 regions, 130 electrodes, electrode distance 2.5mm) ( Figure A ). We analyzed the electrogram measures cycle length (CL) and dominant frequency (DF) in the 6 atrial regions in the left (LA) and right atrium (RA). MRI native T1 mapping was performed using a 1.5T clinical scanner (Siemens Aera) in 7 persistent AF dogs and in 8 dogs at baseline in the posterior left atrium (PLA). We quantified in 6 atrial regions in both atria the oxidative stress (OS) levels as the ratio of oxidatively damaged nuclei against the total number in 8-OHdG staining in (N=36 samples in 6 animals) and the degree of dense fibro-fatty tissue in Masson’s trichrome stained tissue (N=24 in 4 animals) using Qupath in all 6 regions in both atria. Results: Rapid atrial pacing (RAP) weeks correlated with CL (R=0.6, P 0.05) in the PLA ( Figure B ). Native T1 signal intensity increased with RAP days (R=0.6, P 0.05) in the PLA (less than 142 pacing days) ( Figure C ). Highest degree of dense focal fibrosis/ fat was in the left atrial free wall (LAFW) (49+/-14%) and in the PLA (47+/-19%) ( Figure F ). OS levels, highest in the LAFW, lowest in the appendages increased with the degree fibrosis (R=0.6, P&lt;0.05) and with decreasing cycle length (R=0.5, P&lt;0.05) in all atrial regions ( Figure D,E,G,H,I ). Conclusions: Continuing persistent AF is associated with smaller CL, increasing fibrosis, and oxidative injury rapid atrial pacing time.
Grain boundary segregation in a bronze-route Nb3Sn superconducting wire studied by atom probe tomography (2013)

Atom probe tomography was used to characterize the A15 phase in a bronze-route Nb3Sn superconducting wire with a bronze matrix composition of Cu–8Sn–0.3Ti (in at.%). We observed depletion of niobium and segregation of Cu and Ti atoms at Nb3Sn grain boundaries. While the Nb depletion is about 15% relative to the grain interior, the average ratio between Cu and Ti excess values is 9 to 2. Segregation extends to a distance d ∼ 9 Å from the point of maximum Cu and Ti concentrations. Such local variation in the stoichiometry at the grain boundary region can be an additional source of flux-pinning in the Nb3Sn phase. Other microstructural parameters, such as the grain size and chemical composition of the Nb3Sn layer, were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
BSE transmission studies with particular reference to blood. (1999)

Tissue infectivity in BSE has been comprehensively investigated in cattle with natural BSE and during the incubation period in an experimental pathogenesis study in which cattle were challenged orally with infected cattle brain from natural cases. In natural cases of BSE in cattle, infectivity has been found only in the CNS, (the brain, the spinal cord and retina). No infectivity has been found in about 50 other tissues including bone marrow, clotted blood, buffy coat, serum or foetal calf serum. In the pathogenesis study in which clinical disease was first detected at 35 months post-infection (39 months of age), infectivity has not been found in blood or any assayed component of blood. Experimental parenteral challenge of cattle and mice in three separate experiments with (i) a pool of five brains, (ii) a pool of five spleens and (iii) a pool of lymph nodes from five cattle is incomplete. However, whereas the brain has transmitted disease to both species (in cattle even when diluted about one million times) neither the spleen pool nor the lymph node pool has transmitted disease to either, although the cattle study is incomplete. These experiments have also shown that cattle can detect about 1000 times less infectivity/g than can mice. No infectivity has ever been detected in the blood or any component of blood in natural scrapie of sheep and goats, natural BSE of cattle or experimental BSE of cattle.
OPTICAL DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF RADIOCARBON DIOXIDE (14CO2) AT AND BELOW AMBIENT LEVELS (2017)

Due to their age, fossil fuels and their byproducts are almost entirely depleted in radiocarbon ($^{14}$C). As a result, measurements of radiocarbon provide a unique tracer for determining the origin of products and emissions. Recent efforts at NIST have applied mid-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measurements of radiocarbon dioxide to allow for more rapid and less expensive measurements than are possible with traditional techniques such as accelerator mass spectrometry. I will discuss our present measurement detection limits and precision as well as discuss limiting noise sources and plans to further improve the instrument’s stability and reproducibility.
Model Predictive Control using linearized Radial Basis Function Neural Models for Water Distribution Networks (2019)

It is often the case that the main operation cost of Water Distribution Networks (WDN) is due to pump actuation. Although advanced control schemes are widely available, most water utilities still use on/off control. In this study, water networks with multiple flow inlets, storage tanks and several consumers are considered. Under mild assumptions on the consumption and hydraulic resistance of pipes, a reduced model is proposed with the aim of building its mathematical structure into a data-driven control design. For identification purposes we use Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN). We show that linearization of the identified RBFNN model in the two peak points of the daily flow demand results in a control model with good prediction accuracy. Subsequently, this time-varying model is utilized in a standard economic Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme, considering pump flows as inputs. A numerical case study on an EPANET4 model and experimental results on a test setup demonstrate the proposed method.
Selective Reduction of Dinitrotoluene Isomers by Ascorbate Ion. Relative Rates in Homogeneous Solution. (1978)

Investigations were conducted with the objective to reduce waste products and the associated water pollution problems arising from the manufacture of trinitrotoluene (TNT). The approach was to remove undesired dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomers by selective reduction with inexpensive carbohydrates, such that the resulting mixture, upon subsequent nitration, would yield specification grade TNT. Using ascorbic acid as a model compound, kinetic studies were performed on five DNT isomers in aqueous acetonitrile at different pH's. Appreciable differences in the rates of reduction of the five DNT isomers were obtained indicating that the undesired DNT isomers could be preferentially removed from a crude mixture of DNT. Furthermore, experiments were performed to simulate process conditions. When actual mixtures of DNT isomers were stirred in a basic ascorbic acid solution, the undesired DNT isomers were considerably reduced, whereas the desired 2,4- and 2,6-DNT's were virtually unaffected. (Author)