gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Compression under an Elastic Tubular Bandage Utilised as an Introduction to Compression Therapy in the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers (2000)

Objective: To investigate the physical parameters of an elasticated tubular bandage (Tubigrip) on the leg and in durability studies. Design and setting: Cohort studies. Participants: Six healthy volunteers and 16 patients. Main outcome measure: Sub-bandage pressure. Results: Median pressures recorded under the Tubigrip bandage system at the lower, middle and upper calf muscle in 6 healthy volunteers, while sitting were 26, 25 and 12.5 mmHg, and for standing were 32, 40 and 16 mmHg. The median pressures recorded at the lower, middle and upper calf muscle in 16 venous leg ulcer patients while sitting were 18, 20 and 14 mmHg, and for standing were 32.5, 29.5 and 18 mmHg. Tubigrip durability studies demonstrated no decrease in sub-bandage compression over 8 days when applied to a model leg and volunteer leg. However, sub-bandage pressure decreased by more than 29% when the bandage was subjected to four wash-dry cycles. Conclusions: The pressures measured under Tubigrip were consistent with the ranges seen in other compression therapies. Laundering reduced the applied sub-bandage pressure.
Primitive Coenzymes and Metabolites in Archaeai/Thermophilic Metabolic Pathways (1998)

There is now evidence that life arose at high temperature (W oese, 1987) and therefore that all the metabolic pathways we now observe are evolutionary successors of pathways that operated at high temperatures-possibly above 100 ·c. 'Modem', mesophilic, pathways will have adapted to overcome the difficulties presented by low-temperature metabolism; but those successors of the ancestral organism which still operate at high temperature are presumably closest in nature to it, and so an examination of thermophilic (and probably archaeal) metabolic pathways is the best place to seek clues to the nature of early metabolism. In particular, we may be helped by a study of the constraints which may have been imposed on these early metabolic pathways by high temperature. The first step must be a judgement as to the temperature at which the ancestral organism(s) lived. Overall, the evidence in favour of any particular temperature is not strong, but the best indications probably come from those taxonomic trees which show that, in general, thermophiles are more deeply rooted than mesophiles (Figure 21.1 ), and the more deeply rooted a taxonomic branch, the higher the growth temperature of the organism. Thus, among the prokaryotes Aquifex (top~ - 85 ·q is more deeply rooted than Thermotoga (top~ - 80-85 ·c), which is more deeply rooted than Thermus (topt-65-75 ·q (Woese, 1987; Achenbach Richter et al., 1987; Olsen et al., 1994). The highest known temperature optimum for growth is 105 ·c for Pyrodictium (Stetter, i 982) and we must therefore consider the possibility that the ancestral organism grew at a higher temperature; but a growth temperature in the range 90-125 ·c seems likely.
DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF POLYUREA 1000 (2009)

The shock response of the viscoelastic polymer material polyurea 1000 has been investigated. Sabots carrying Al or Cu metal disks were launched into target assemblies containing the polyurea material. The target consisted of a thin metal disk on the impact side, a 6.5‐mm‐thick polyurea disk, and a thick metal backup disk. 50‐Ω manganin gauges were epoxied between the metal/polymer and polymer/metal interfaces to measure the interface stresses and shock transit time. Measured longitudinal stresses ranged from 6 to 43 kbar. The measured shock velocity‐particle velocity relationship was linear over this stress range. Maximum volume compression was about 30% for the initial shock wave. Several reshock waves were also measured for each experiment.
Origines de la ségrégation intergranulaire du bore dans les alliages ordonnés FeAl(B2) (1999)

Les alliages FeAl (B2) presentent a temperature ambiante une fragilite intergranulaire, qui peut etre «guerie» par une faible addition de bore: la rupture se produit alors de maniere intragranulaire. Le renforcement des joints de grains observe a ete attribue a une segregation intergranulaire de bore. Nous avons etudie par la spectrometrie d'electrons Auger (AES) la segregation intergranulaire dans des alliages contenant 40 ou 46 at. % Al, «purs» ou dopes (80- 2000 at. ppm) au bore. Deux origines differents de la segregation du bore ont ete identifiees, sclon l'histoire thermique du materiau. Apres trempe, une segregation hors equilibre, due aux interactions bore/lacune thermique s'etablit rapidement. Suite a un revenu long, la desegregation observee conduit a une segregation d'equilibre. Ainsi, un renforcement efficace des joints de grains par le bore, dans les alliages FeAl, peut-il etre obtenu independamment du traitement thermique du materiau: aucun recuit «de segregation» n'est necessaire. La coexistence de deux types de segregation intergranulaire rend incertaine l'estimation des concentrations intergranulaires a partir des spectres Auger: la maniere d'acceder a leurs valeurs est largement discutee. A partir de nos resultats, on a pu proceder a l'estimation d'une isotherme de la segregation intergranulaire d'equilibre, bien decrite par le modele de Fowler, rendant compte de fortes interactions repulsives entre les atomes de bore segreges.
Intrafractional baseline drift during free breathing breast cancer radiation therapy (2017)

This study shows that there is a substantial baseline drift in free breathing BCRT patients. No clear baseline drift was observed during the first treatment session; however, baseline drift was markedly present at the rest of the sessions. Intrafraction motion due to baseline drift should be accounted for in margin calculations.
Silica nanoparticle dispersions in homopolymer versus block copolymer (2007)

Abstract Silica nanoparticles (17 ± 4 nm in diameter) were modified by grafting polystyrene chains to the surfaces using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The molecular weight of the grafted chains ranged from 8 to 48 kDa. These modified nanoparticles were mixed in solution with poly(styrene) homopolymer (18–120 kDa) and symmetric poly(styrene‐ b ‐butadiene) (PS‐PB) diblock copolymer (34–465 kDa) and the states of dispersion in the dried composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the so‐called wet brush limit, when the graft molecular weight equals or exceeds the matrix value, the silica particles form a uniform random dispersion in poly(styrene). Increasing the homopolymer matrix, molecular weight above the graft value results in particle clustering and macroscopic‐phase separation. Mixtures of the lamellar forming block copolymer and nanoparticles exhibit a very different trend, with particle clustering at the lower PS‐PB molecular weights and dispersion at the highest value. This latter finding is rationalized on the basis of packing constraints associated with lamellar order and the effective particle dimensions, and the degree of solvation at ordering, both of which favor higher molecular weight block copolymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2284–2299, 2007
The Opitz syndrome gene product MID1 assembles a microtubule-associated ribonucleoprotein complex (2008)

Opitz BBB/G syndrome (OS) is a heterogenous malformation syndrome mainly characterised by hypertelorism and hypospadias. In addition, patients may present with several other defects of the ventral midline such as cleft lip and palate and congenital heart defects. The syndrome-causing gene encodes the X-linked E3 ubiquitin ligase MID1 that mediates ubiquitin-specific modification and degradation of the catalytic subunit of the translation regulator protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here, we show that the MID1 protein also associates with elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha) and several other proteins involved in mRNA transport and translation, including RACK1, Annexin A2, Nucleophosmin and proteins of the small ribosomal subunits. Mutant MID1 proteins as found in OS patients lose the ability to interact with EF-1alpha. The composition of the MID1 protein complex was determined by several independent methods: (1) yeast two-hybrid screening and (2) immunofluorescence, (3) a biochemical approach involving affinity purification of the complex, (4) co-fractionation in a microtubule assembly assay and (5) immunoprecipitation. Moreover, we show that the cytoskeleton-bound MID1/translation factor complex specifically associates with G- and U-rich RNAs and incorporates MID1 mRNA, thus forming a microtubule-associated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Our data suggest a novel function of the OS gene product in directing translational control to the cytoskeleton. The dysfunction of this mechanism would lead to malfunction of microtubule-associated protein translation and to the development of OS.
Pathobiology of Neurodegeneration: The Role for Astroglia (2016)

The common denominator of neurodegenerative diseases, which mainly affect humans, is the progressive death of neural cells resulting in neurological and cognitive deficits. Astroglial cells are the central elements of the homoeostasis, defence and regeneration of the central nervous system, and their malfunction or reactivity contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Pathological remodelling of astroglia in neurodegenerative context is multifaceted. Both astroglial atrophy with a loss of function and astroglial reactivity have been identified in virtually all the forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Astroglia may represent a novel target for therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing and possibly curing neurodegenerative diseases.
Performance Assessment of Colorimetric Devices on Dental Porcelains (1989)

The selection of an appropriate material that duplicates the appearance of natural tooth structure is very important in restorative dentistry. Photometric and colorimetric analysis techniques offer great potential as a tool for aiding in the duplication process. The degree to which these techniques will be useful depends on the accuracy and precision with which they can be applied to translucent as well as opaque surfaces. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of three currently-available photometric devices. The performance capabilities of the instruments were tested on various shades of opaque and translucent dental porcelain surfaces. The performance tests were designed for evaluation of the accuracy and precision of the instrument relative to a well-studied reference instrument. CIELAB color difference metrics were used for the performance analysis. The results revealed that each of the photometric instruments evaluated was capable of producing color measurements with precision. However, the degree of accuracy with which the color measurements were made varied depending on the instrument used and the type of material surface being measured. A photo-electric tristimulus colorimeter showed the best overall performance on the porcelain surfaces, supporting its use as a valuable tool for evaluating color in dentistry.
About the possibility of using high power electromagnetic pulses for disinfection of bacteriologically contaminated objects. (2020)

It is proposed to use high power electromagnetic pulses for disinfection of bacteriologically contaminated objects.
Gut Microbiota Resilience: Definition, Link to Health and Strategies for Intervention (2020)

The gut microbiota is a new frontier in health and disease. Not only many diseases are associated with perturbed microbiota, but an increasing number of studies point to a cause-effect relationship. Defining a healthy microbiota is not possible at the current state of our knowledge mostly because of high interindividual variability. A resilient microbiota could be used as surrogate for healthy microbiota. In addition, the gut microbiota is an "organ" with frontline exposure to environmental changes and insults. During the lifetime of an individual, it is exposed to challenges such as unhealthy diet, medications and infections. Impaired ability to bounce back to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis. It is therefore legitimate to postulate that maintaining a resilient microbiota may be important for health. Here we review the concept of resilience, what is known about the characteristics of a resilient microbiota, and how to assess microbiota resilience experimentally using a model of high fat diet challenge in humans. Interventions to maintain microbiota resilience can be guided by the knowledge of what microbial species or functions are perturbed by challenges, and designed to replace diminished species with probiotics, when available, or boost them with prebiotics. Fibers with multiple structures and composition can also be used to increase microbiota diversity, a characteristic of the microbiota that may be associated with resilience. We finally discuss some open questions and knowledge gaps.
Experimental Performance Evaluation of a High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell at Different Temperatures and Pressures (2008)

The high temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEM) attract growing interests due to its enhanced electrochemical kinetics, simplified pinch technology and utilization of higher CO-rich reformed hydrogen as the fuel. From the technological point of view, using pure hydrogen as fuel seems highly restrictive because hydrogen with high purity may not always be readily available. As an attractive alternative to compressed hydrogen, it is preferred to use hydrogen-rich gases as fuel. On-site generation of hydrogen using reformed fuels can be directly fed to the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) without first preheating the cell with external heat source to raise the temperature to its operating temperature. Since the HT-PEMFCs performance depends strongly on temperature, the cell temperature plays an important role in its operation. The purpose of this research is to experimentally study a high temperature PEM fuel cell at steady operating conditions. In this work, the performance of the fuel cell has been experimentally examined to unravel the steady-state effects of changes in temperature and pressure at a fixed hydrogen stoichiometry and variable air stiochiometries In particular, the effects that changes in temperature and pressure have on the voltage-current characteristics. Experimental data of this type is needed to develop and validate the fuel cell models, and to help understand and optimize the operation of these devices. In this study, a cell with an active cell area of 45 cm2 based on polybenzimidazole (PBI), doped with phosphoric acid is examined over the entire temperature range of 120°C–180°C with hydrogen of 99.999% purity. The quantitative results obtained from the experiments showed variations in current-voltage characteristics at different pressure and temperatures. The results will be used as a baseline value to under-study the performance of a high temperature PEM fuel cell in terms of current-voltage characteristics, when fueled with a reformate with higher CO concentrations in our future study.
A fuzzy intelligent organiser for control of robotic assembly operations (2002)

A fuzzy intelligent organizing control strategy, based on a fuzzy rule base and derived from measured force/moment data, for a quasi-static assembly operation is presented. Fuzzy set theory is implemented as an expert system to constitute the organizer of a robotic system for micro-tasking (part mating) purposes. A distance metric is employed to measure the uncertainty (fuzziness) of the fuzzy set as it is related to specific control actions. A learning algorithm based on the probability of a fuzzy event is introduced. The top organizing level determines the most appropriate pair of control values with minimum fuzziness and feeds this to the lower level of the system to carry out the specified task. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wittig versus Corey-Chaykovsky Reaction. Theoretical study of the reactivity of phosphonium methylide and sulfonium methylide with formaldehyde (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWittig versus Corey-Chaykovsky Reaction. Theoretical study of the reactivity of phosphonium methylide and sulfonium methylide with formaldehydeF. Volatron and O. EisensteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 1, 1–14Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00235a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views996Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Two Predicted Chemoreceptors of Helicobacter pylori Promote Stomach Infection (2002)

Helicobacter pylori must be motile or display chemotaxis to be able to fully infect mammals, but it is not known how this chemotaxis is directed. We disrupted two genes encoding predicted chemoreceptors, tlpA and tlpC. H. pylori mutants lacking either of these genes are fully motile and chemotactic in vitro and are as able as the wild type to infect mice when they are the sole infecting strains. In contrast, when mice are coinfected with the H. pylori SS1 tlpA or tlpC mutant and the wild type, we find more wild type than mutant after 2 weeks of colonization. Neither strain has an in vitro growth defect. These results suggest that the tlpA- and tlpC-encoded proteins assist colonization of the stomach environment.
FLEXGRID – A novel smart grid architecture that facilitates high-RES penetration through innovative flexibility markets towards efficient stakeholder interaction (2021)

<ns7:p> The <ns7:ext-link xmlns:ns8="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" ns8:href="https://flexgrid-project.eu/">FLEXGRID</ns7:ext-link> project develops a digital platform designed to offer Digital Energy Services (DESs) that facilitate energy sector stakeholders (i.e. Distribution System Operators - DSOs, Transmission System Operators - TSOs, market operators, Renewable Energy Sources - RES producers, retailers, flexibility aggregators) towards: i) automating and optimizing the planning and operation/management of their systems/assets, and ii) interacting in a dynamic and efficient way with their environment (electricity system) and the rest of the stakeholders. In this way, FLEXGRID envisages secure, sustainable, competitive, and affordable smart grids. A key objective is the incentivization of large-scale bottom-up investments in Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) through innovative smart grid management. Towards this goal, FLEXGRID develops innovative data models and energy market architectures (with high liquidity and efficiency) that effectively manage smart grids through an advanced TSO-DSO interaction as well as interactions between Transmission Network and Distribution Network level energy markets. Consequently, and through intelligence that exploits the innovation of the proposed market architecture, FLEXGRID develops investment tools able to examine in depth the emerging energy ecosystem and allow in this way: i) the financial sustainability of DER investors, and ii) the market liquidity/efficiency through advanced exploitation of DERs and intelligent network upgrades. </ns7:p>
Preparation and Reactions of New Low-Valent Samarium Reagents. (1993)

新しい低原子価サマリウム試剤の調製と反応について検討を行った。金属サマリウムと臭素Br2を4:3のモル比で反応させることにより,Sm-SmBr3系反応試剤を調製した,本反応試剤の還元力はヨウ化サマリウム(II)のそれよりも強いことが観察された。たとえば,ヨウ化サマリウム(II)では還元されない芳香族エステルが本反応試剤と室温で容易に反応し,還元的に二量化した生成物を与えた。また,この試剤とシクロプロパン-1,2-ジカルボレ酸ジエチルとの反応では三員環の還元的開裂が起こり,グルタル酸ジエチルが生成した。また,SmBr3-n-BuLi系反応試剤を用いた場合にも,芳香族エステルが還元的に二量化した生成物を与えた。一方,金属サマリウムとヨウ化水銀または臭化水銀を組み合わせた試剤と,シクロプロパン-1,11ジカルボン酸ジメチルの反応は室温で円滑に進行し,ビス[3,3-ビス(メトキシカルボニル)プロピル]水銀が良好な収率で生成した。
Towards Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten Carbide Using Renewable Resources (2016)

Here we present preliminary results towards additive manufacturing of carbides. A biopolymer-metal oxide gel composite composed of iota-carrageenan, chitin and tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) was shaped and heat treated in order to obtain carbide structures. Upon heat treatment of this composite above 900 °C, a porous structure of tungsten carbide (WC) was obtained. The synthesis mechanism of WC was estimated using the result from XRD characterization. The synthesized WC was characterized with SEM, TEM and nitrogen absorption-desorption to investigate the morphology, particle size and pore size distribution. The carbonaceous materials retained the original shape. The ongoing work is on studying the rheology of the gel composites to extrude through additive manufacturing system to obtained 3D printed carbide parts.
Human signaling pathways analyzed by protein interaction mapping (2005)

Abstract Combining protein–protein interaction mapping with cellular assays performed for functional validation provides biological support to large‐scale protein interaction datasets. This strategy was recently developed for specific signal transduction pathways and generates useful biological knowledge.
Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Silica Surfaces (1994)

Infrared and Raman spectra of silica powders differ for fumed and precipitated samples. Site models of the surfaces of fumed silica are proposed. These models involve surfaces resembling faces {111} of β-cristobalite, edges and steps. The site SiOH···Ob(H)SiOaH, located at steps between planes {111}, is related to the absorptions at 3500, 3715, and 3742 cm-1, for the hydroxyl groups from left to right, respectively. Dehydroxylation into SiOSiOH is easy because of the comparatively strong hydrogen bond; this siloxane bridge is a part of two five-fold (-SiO-)5 rings and does not contribute to the Raman band at 607 cm-1 (D2). The single silanols that are closer than about 0.4 nm on faces {111}—and thus are weakly interacting—condense around 400 °C into three-fold (-SiO-)3 rings, the breathing mode of which gives rise to the D2 Raman band. Most of these siloxane bridges need a high relative humidity to be rehydroxylated. Vicinal single silanols on edges could also condense above 500 °C into very reactive (-SiO-)2 rings.