gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy by High-Dose Thiamine and Benfotiamine (2003)

Accumulation of triosephosphates arising from high cytosolic glucose concentrations in hyperglycemia is the trigger for biochemical dysfunction leading to the development of diabetic nephropathy—a common complication of diabetes associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Here we report that stimulation of the reductive pentosephosphate pathway by high-dose therapy with thiamine and the thiamine monophosphate derivative benfotiamine countered the accumulation of triosephosphates in experimental diabetes and inhibited the development of incipient nephropathy. High-dose thiamine and benfotiamine therapy increased transketolase expression in renal glomeruli, increased the conversion of triosephosphates to ribose-5-phosphate, and strongly inhibited the development of microalbuminuria. This was associated with decreased activation of protein kinase C and decreased protein glycation and oxidative stress—three major pathways of biochemical dysfunction in hyperglycemia. Benfotiamine also inhibited diabetes-induced hyperfiltration. This was achieved without change in elevated plasma glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin in the diabetic state. High-dose thiamine and benfotiamine therapy is a potential novel strategy for the prevention of clinical diabetic nephropathy.
Increased plasma levels of NT-proANP and NT-proBNP as markers of cardiac dysfunction in septic patients. (2005)

The family of natriuretic peptides comprises several structurally related 22-53-amino acid peptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are vasoactive peptides with vasodilator and diuretic properties and play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The salutary cardiovascular effects of natriuretic peptides suggest that ANP and BNP may have a pathophysiological significance in the cardiac dysfunction of septic patients. We determined plasma levels of the stable N-terminal prohormone forms of ANP (NT-proANP) and BNP (NT-proBNP) as well as troponin I (TNI) as a marker of myocardial cell injury by ELISA methods in 19 septic patients and 19 healthy controls at day one of severe sepsis. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined on day 1 of severe sepsis by echocardiography. Significantly higher concentrations of NT-proANP were measured in non-survivors (mean = 13415 pmol/l +/- SEM = 4295) and survivors (mean = 7386 pmol/l +/- SEM = 1807) as compared to controls (mean = 1404 pmol/l +/- SEM = 181; p<0.001). Levels of NT-proBNP were also significantly higher in non-survivors (mean = 3439 pmol/l +/- SEM = 1246; p<0.05) and survivors (mean = 1009 pmol/l +/- SEM = 263; p<0.001) as compared to controls (mean = 200 pmol/l +/- SEM = 24) and correlated well with an increase in TNI-levels (r = 0.71; p<0.001). NT-proANP and NT-proBNP may serve as useful laboratory markers to indicate myocardial dysfunction and may help to differentiate between survivors and non-survivors of severe sepsis.
Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin (2016)

Abstract. Canopy and aerodynamic conductances (gC and gA) are some of the key land surface variables determining the land surface response of climate models. Their representation is crucial for predicting transpiration (λET) and evaporation (λEE), which has important implications for global climate change and water resource management. Here, we present a novel approach to directly quantify the controls of the canopy-scale conductances on λET and λEE over multiple plant functions types (PFTs) in the Amazon Basin. Combining data from six LBA (Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) eddy covariance tower sites and a physically-based modeling approach, we identified the canopy-scale feedback-response mechanism between gC, λET, and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (DA), which was originally postulated to occur at the leaf-scale. We show minor biophysical control on λET under wet conditions where net radiation (RN) determines 75 % to 80 % of the variances of λET. However, biophysical control on λET is amplified during the drought year (2005) and dry conditions, explaining 50 % to 65 % of the variances of λET. Despite substantial differences in gA, nearly similar “coupling” was found in forests and pastures due to the increase of gC induced by soil moisture. This suggests that the relative response of gC to per unit change of wetness is significantly higher compared to gA. Our results reveal the occurrence of a larger magnitude of hysteresis between λET and gC during the dry season for the pasture sites, which is attributed to relatively low soil water availability compared to the rainforest. Evaporation was significantly influenced by gA for all the PFTs and across all wetness conditions. Our analytical framework faithfully captures the responses of gC and gA to changing atmospheric radiation, DA, and surface skin temperature, and, thus appears to be promising for the improvement of existing land surface parameterisations at a range of spatial scales.
Lithium promoted mesoporous manganese oxide catalyzed oxidation of allyl ethers (2019)

Herein we report the first example of the catalytic aerobic partial oxidation of allyl ether to its acrylate ester derivative. Many partial oxidations often need an expensive oxidant such as peroxides or other species to drive such reactions. In addition, selective generation of esters using porous catalysts has been elusive. This reaction is catalyzed by a Li ion promoted mesoporous manganese oxide (meso-Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) under mild conditions with no precious metals, a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, and easy isolation. This process is very attractive for the oxidation of allyl ethers. We report on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and scope of the reaction. In the best cases presented, almost complete conversion of allyl ether with near complete chemo-selectivity towards acrylate ester derivatives is observed. Based on results from controlled experiments, we propose a possible reaction mechanism for the case in which N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) is used in combination with trichloroacetonitrile (CCl<sub>3</sub>CN).
IMPACT OF THE BOSNIAK CATEGORY IIF DESIGNATION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPLEX RENAL CYST (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009IMPACT OF THE BOSNIAK CATEGORY IIF DESIGNATION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPLEX RENAL CYST Rebecca L. O'Malley, Guilherme Godoy, and Samir S. Taneja Rebecca L. O'MalleyRebecca L. O'Malley More articles by this author , Guilherme GodoyGuilherme Godoy More articles by this author , and Samir S. TanejaSamir S. Taneja More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)62301-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "IMPACT OF THE BOSNIAK CATEGORY IIF DESIGNATION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPLEX RENAL CYST." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 826 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 826 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Rebecca L. O'Malley More articles by this author Guilherme Godoy More articles by this author Samir S. Taneja More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Regioselective Reductive Ring Opening of 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]oxetanes at the More Substituted C‐2 Position (1997)

Abstract The title compounds 7 were prepared in situ by deprotection of the corresponding pivaloyl‐substituted oxetanes 3 with lithium aluminium hydride in tetrahydrofuran. under these conditions a reductive ring opening at c‐2 (hydrodealkoxylation) occurred which was initiated by a nucleophilic hydride attack and which yielded the triols 8 (64–85%). the facility of the reaction and its high regioselectivity can be explained by the directing ability of the hydroxy group at the aromatic substituent. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically, as shown by deuterium labelling experiments. The prerequisite 2‐(2‐pivaloyloxyphenyl)‐3‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]oxetanes 3 were prepared by the Paternò‐Büchi reaction of the protected salicylaldehyde 1 and various silyl enol ethers 2 . The 2‐hydroxyphenyl substituent at the C‐3 position of oxetane 6 directed the hydride attack to the C‐4 position and yielded the triol 10 in 85% yield.
Synthesis of 4,5-Diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-ol Derivatives as Potential COX-2 Inhibitors (2004)

4,5-Diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-ol was utilized as a versatile template to synthesize several classes of compounds such as pyrazolo-oxazines 7, pyrazolo-benzooxazines 9, pyrazolo-oxazoles 10, and its analogues 11a-c as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 11b,c were successfully synthesized with use of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate mediated cyclization of the ketal intermediate. Diaryl-pyrazolo-benzooxazepine analogues were synthesized by using Cu-mediated cyclization of the O-alkylated arylbromide intermediate. Arylsulfonamides were synthesized efficiently on a large scale with 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]benzenesulfonamide 31 template readily synthesized from commercially available 4-sulfamoyl benzoic acid 29. The structure of a representative compound from each class was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Selected compounds tested for inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes showed good selectivity for COX-2 versus COX-1 enzyme.
Ferroelectric PZT Thin Films For Low-voltage Nonvolatile Memory (2005)

This study investigates the scaling potential of sol gelderived ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films for future nonvolatile memories. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops are exploited to demonstrate nonvolatile memory operation at internal voltages as low as 1.5V with a readwrite endurance cycles. Fenroelectric PZT capacitor technology holds promise as an alternative to conventional floating gate nonvolatile memory technologies for low-voltage low-power nonvolatile memories.
Calix[4]arenes with pyridine pendant groups. Regioselective proximal alkylation at the "lower rim" (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalix[4]arenes with pyridine pendant groups. Regioselective proximal alkylation at the "lower rim"Francesco Bottino, Luigi Giunta, and Sebastiano PappalardoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 23, 5407–5409Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00284a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00284a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Friction stir spot welding of CFRP and aluminum alloy with themoplastic adhesive (2016)

In recent years, due to serious environmental issues, the development of the gasoline mileage improvement technology has been essential in the automotive industry which occupies most of the transportation section, which accounts for 18% of domestic carbon dioxide emissions. Weight-saving of the car body can contribute to improving the gasoline mileage. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are expected to be used as materials for structural parts. Because of their expensive cost, however, CFRP monocoque body is only applied to luxury sports cars. To meet the demand of the reduction of the weight and affordable cost, a multi-materials body, a complex with CFRP and conventional materials such as aluminium and steel, has been proposed. For the adoption of a multi-material body, joining technologies for two different materials are necessary to be developed, and reasonable and practical high performance joining process has to be developed. Aluminum alloy has the properties such as weight-saving, high specific strength, formability, recyclability, and high designability. The conventional joining methods between CFRP and aluminium alloy are mechanical joining such as bolts, self-piercing rivets and adhesive joining. However, mechanical joining has the disadvantage of weight increasing and adhesive joining needs severe control of the materials and requires many tasks on management and workers. In this study, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) technology using thermoplastic adhesive was developed to join CFRP plate and aluminum plate in order to overcome these problems. CFRP plate and aluminum plate were successfully joined by the FSSW and the tensile shear strength of 10.9 MPa was obtained.
Covalency in Crystal Field Theory: KNiF3 (1964)

The theory of covalency in crystal field phenomena is examined, using, as example, the Ni-${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ complex in KNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. The Hund-Mulliken-Van Vleck molecular orbital-linear combination of atomic orbitals treatment is followed. The role of the antibonding and bonding electrons in the complex is discussed from a multielectron point of view. The exact self-consistent one-electron Hamiltonian is discussed in some detail. Emphasis is placed on elucidating the source and nature of the covalent effects appropriate to the various physical phenomena. We find that it is the covalent mixing of those bonding electrons having no antibonding partners which contribute to all experimental observables (including the crystal field splitting 10 $\mathrm{Dq}$, transferred hyperfine interactions, neutron magnetic form factors, and superexchange interactions). This view of covalency differs markedly from the one followed by Sugano and Shulman, in that the covalency of the antibonding electrons, which are assigned the sole role in their approach, is totally irrelevant. Quantitative numerical estimates (using approximations to the exact Hamiltonian) are given for the two models of the covalent effects in KNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, i.e., "unpaired" bonding and antibonding; they are shown to differ strongly. The relative roles of overlap and covalency are discussed; covalency is found to play an important but by no means dominant role. Numerical agreement between the present inexact cluster theory and experiment is found to be poor. The various sources of this disagreement are reviewed.
Internet Red Light Districts: A Domain Name Proposal for Regulatory Zoning of Obscene Content, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 21 (1997) (1997)

The author argues that the Internet must be regulated in order to ensure stability to the Internet community and viability as a communications medium. She offers two proposals: (1) the "secondary effect" of the Internet destroying its own legitimacy satisfies a substantial governmental need for zoning regulation as set forth in several cases; and (2) the most effective way to implement such zoning regulation is to reinforce accepted Internet standards, specifically the domain naming system. The author explains the difficulty in comparing the Internet to other media. Then the she explains the domain name system, e.g., the domain hierarchies, and the need for Internet governance. Next, the author describes a possible solution to regulating pornography, namely, to add ".sex" or ".obs" to domain names to indicate that this domain contains obscene material. The author briefly discusses Reno v. ACLU, where the Supreme Court held that the Communications Decency Act was unconstitutional, and explains why the domain name proposal introduced in this paper is constitutional. This explanation summarizes City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters and Young v. American Mini Theaters to further support her argument. The author also argues that her proposal is not vague or overbroad. A brief discussion of Miller v. California provides the modern test for obscenity. The author also lists several issues that emerge from her recommended zoning proposal, e.g., what content belongs in the .obs domain. The conclusion emphasizes that the article's focus is the importance of governance.
Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Site of Starch Digestion in Early Lactation Cows Fed Corn Grain Harvested and Processed Differently (1998)

Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of corn grain processing on performance, ruminal fermentation, and starch digestion in early lactation dairy cows. Diets were based on wilted alfalfa silage and high moisture or dry corn grain that was either ground or rolled. Thirty-four cows (17 multi-parous) were used to measure effects on intake and lactational performance in a free-stall environment during wk 2 to 15 postpartum. Grinding increased dry matter intake, particularly for cows fed diets containing dry corn, and tended to increase yields of milk, protein lactose, and SNF. Cow performance was not affected by the moisture content of the corn grain. In the digestion experiment, six cows (43 d of lactation) with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were used to measure ruminal and intestinal digestion. Search digestion in the rumen and small intestine was greater for high moisture corn, but disappearance of starch in the large intestine was greater for dry corn. Both the grinding process and the high moisture content of the corn increased starch digestibility in the total tract. Flow of microbial N in the duodenum was not affected by treatment. High moisture corn increased starch digestion in the rumen and total tract and enhanced ruminal fermentation as indicated by increased volatile fatty acids and decreased NH3 concentrations in the rumen. In the production experiment, however, only grinding improved the value of corn; ensiling at high moisture content had little effect.
Mechanisms of CD4 T-cell depletion triggered by HIV-1 viral proteins. (2007)

Infection with HIV-1 leads to progressive CD4 T-cell death, resulting in AIDS development. The mechanisms that trigger this CD4 T-cell death are still not fully understood, but a lot of data indicates that apoptosis plays a major role in this cell demise. Both infected and uninfected CD4 T-cells can die during HIV-1 infection by different cell-death pathways, but HIV-1-induced, bystander, CD4 T-cell killing is now recognized as central to immunodeficiency. The HIV-1 directly modulates CD4 T-cell death using multiple different strategies in which several viral proteins have an essential role. Recent data demonstrate that relationships can exist between the three main types of programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, autophagic programmed cell death, and necrosis-like programmed cell death. Almost nothing is currently known about the role of necrosis-like programmed cell death in CD4 T-cell death induced by the viral proteins, but a very recent study demonstrates that autophagy is needed to trigger apoptosis of bystander CD4 T-cells, further increasing the level of complexity of this pathology. This review presents an overview of the major types of programmed cell death and details the mechanisms by which the HIV-1 viral proteins control both infected and uninfected CD4 T-cell death.
An Access Control Metamodel for Web Service-Oriented Architecture (2007)

With the mutual consent to use WSDL (Web Service Description Language) to describe web service interfaces and SOAP as the basic communication protocol, the cornerstone for web service-oriented architecture (WSOA) has been established. Considering the momentum observable by the growing number of specifications in the web service domain for the indispensable cross-cutting concern of identity management (IdM) it is still an open issue how a WSOA-aware IdM architecture is built and how it is linked with WSOA's main elements, the web services providing functional core concerns. In this paper we present an access control model for WSOA and a blueprint of a WSOA- aware authorization verification service which is part of the IdM architecture. We show the integration of this service with WSOA consisting of both basic and composite web services. Our solution has been tested and evaluated in an implementation case study.
Combined effects of ATP and phosphate on rubidium exchange mediated by Na‐K‐ATPase reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles (1982)

1. Phospholipid vesicles reconstituted with Na-K-ATPase show an (ATP+phosphate)-stimulated Rb-Rb exchange, with properties similar to the K-K exchange of human red cells. This includes a rate 15-20% of the rate of active ATP-dependent Na-K exchange.2. We have studied activation of this Rb-Rb exchange by ATP at fixed phosphate concentrations and by phosphate at fixed ATP concentrations. It is found for both ATP and phosphate that with low concentrations of the fixed ligand an increase in concentration of the complementary ligand produces first stimulation and then inhibition of Rb-Rb exchange. At high concentrations of the fixed ligand the complementary ligand shows only saturation behaviour.3. The pattern of activation and of inhibition by ATP and by phosphate is affected by the Rb(0) concentration in the exterior medium, in that higher concentrations of Rb(0) counteract inhibitory effects of high concentrations of ATP and phosphate.4. (ATP+phosphate)-stimulated Rb-Rb exchange is activated by Rb(0) in the exterior medium along a sigmoid curve. An increase of Rb(i) within the vesicles, which raises the maximal velocity of Rb-Rb exchange, is accompanied by a smaller increase in the Rb(0) concentration required for half-maximal stimulation of the Rb-Rb exchange.5. The data are interpreted in terms of a model similar to those proposed by Karlish & Stein (1982a,b), but extended to include simultaneous effects of ATP and phosphate. Inhibitions by high concentration of ATP or phosphate arise as a result of stabilization of E(1) ATP or E(2)-P forms respectively, in the presence of low concentrations of the complementary ligand. With high concentrations of the fixed ligand, saturation behaviour of the varying ligand is observed because the occluded Rb forms become the dominant transport intermediates. The occluded Rb forms bind both ATP and phosphate weakly and independently. The effects of ATP together with phosphate are accounted for by a simple combination of their separate effects on the Rb-Rb exchange.6. We suggest that the functional role of the occluded Rb form E(2) (Rb)(occ) in active transport is to minimize passive cation leaks through the system and allow control of the direction of cation movements by binding of physiological ligands such as ATP or phosphate.