gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated optical Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based defect detection using a laser-generated ultrasonic guided wave (2017)

The laser-based transmitter used in this Letter is composed of an integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which was first used in fault diagnosis. With the help of the effective signal processing method and laser-based integrated optical Mach-Zehnder (IOMZ) system, the location of the defect in an aluminum plate can be successfully determined. Moreover, a comparison study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of both the conventional laser spot source and the IOMZ interferometer-based laser source. The results indicate that the IOMZ interferometer-based method can be very useful to the nondestructive testing research field. The potential for industrial applications is also significant, especially for the health monitoring and integrity inspection of metal plates.
Erratum (2006)

Johansson H, Goto M, Siegbahn A, Elgue G, Korsgren O, Nilsson B.Low molecular weight dextran sulfate: A strong candidate drug to block IBMIR in clinical islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6(2): 305–312.
The Efficacy of Human Placenta as a Source of the Universal Feeder in Human and Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture (2010)

The use of a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder for culture of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is a widely accepted method, regardless of the ESCs' origin and type. In this study, we performed the undifferentiated propagation of human ES cell lines (hESCs, H1, and HSF6) and mouse ES cell lines (mESCs, D3, and CE3), which were previously maintained on an MEF feeder, using human placenta-derived fibroblast-like cell (HPC) feeders originated from chorionic villi of women who had undergone therapeutic abortion due to known maternal disease that is aggravated by pregnancy. Moreover, we tried to introduce the HPC feeder for the establishment of inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). On the HPC feeder we were able to propagate ESCs and iPSCs colonies as an undifferentiated state up to the 50th passage and 20th passage, respectively. Maintenance of undifferentiated ESCs was identified by the expression of ALP, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-81, TRA-60, Oct-4, Nanog, or Rex-1. Also, addition of leukemia inhibitory factor was not required for undifferentiated propagation of mESCs on the HPC feeder. The efficiency and expression of three germ layer markers of embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs were satisfactory in both the MEF and HPC group. EBs formed from iPSCs were scant, and differentiation to the three germ layers was identifiable by reverst transcription-polymerase chain reactio (RT-PCR) only in the HPC group. In conclusion, the HPC feeder can efficiently support the undifferentiated propagation of hESCs, mESCs, and iPSCs, suggesting that human placenta may be a useful source of universal feeder cells for hESC, mESC, and iPSC culture.
Ageing assets – workers get old too! (2017)

There is an increasing trend towards people working post 65 years. This is due to a number of factors: social, economic, political and psychological. Very little work has been done looking at the health and safety aspects of those people working beyond State Pension Age. Although there is research on post-65–year-olds, this mainly centres on people in care homes, looking at their mobility and social needs. Because this work has not been done specifically on older people in the work setting, it is difficult to use the results in any meaningful way for workplace issues, especially relating to workplace health and safety. This article looks at the potential impact of increasing numbers in the post-65-year-old workforce. It examines what is known about ageing in this cohort and its effects on workplace performance and health and safety. It then looks at some novel ways in which technology can extend working life. Finally, it identifies gaps in the knowledge base relating to the emerging phenomenon of the post-65-year-old worker.
Alkaline and Peracetic Acid Pretreatments of Biomass for Ethanol Production (1999)

Prehydrolysis with dilute acid and steam explosion constitute the most promising methods for improving enzymatic digestibility of biomass for ethanol production. Despite worldwide acceptance, these methods of pretreatment are quite expensive considering costs for the reactor, energy, and fractionation. Using peracetic acid is a lignin-oxidation pretreatment with low-energy input by which biomass can be treated in a silo-type system without need for expensive capitalization. Experimentally, ground hybrid poplar and sugar cane bagasse are placed in plastic bags and a peracetic acid solution is added to the biomass in different concentrations based on oven-dried biomass. The ratio of solution to biomass is 6:1 and a 7-d storage period at ambient temperature (20°C) has been used. As an auxiliary method, a series of pre-pretreatments using stoichiometric amounts of sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide based on 4-methyl-glucuronic acid and acetyl content in the biomass are performed before addition of peracetic acid. The basic solutions are added to the biomass in a ratio of 14:1 solution to biomass, and mixed for 24 h at the same ambient temperature. Biomass is filtered and washed to a neutral pH before peracetic acid addition. The aforementioned procedures give high xylan content substrates as a function of the selectivity of peracetic acid for lignin oxidation and the mild conditions of the process. Consequently, xylanase/ β-glucosidase combinations were more effective than cellulase preparations in hydrolyzing these materials. The pretreatment efficiency was evaluated through enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) tests. Peracetic acid treatment improves enzymatic digestibility of hybrid poplar and sugar cane bagasse with no need of high temperatures. Alkaline treatments are helpful in reducing peracetic acid requirements in the pretreatment.
Is chromosome analysis mandatory in the initial investigation of normovulatory women seeking infertility treatment? (2005)

The present study suggests that routine cytogenetic analysis cannot be advocated in normovulatory infertile women. Nevertheless, the relatively higher frequency of abnormal karyotypes in women with secondary infertility indicates that this subgroup of patients might benefit from a routine karyotype analysis.
Small‐Molecule N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Containing Olefin‐Metathesis Catalysts for Use in Water (2007)

Metathese in Wasser: Zwei gut definierte Olefinmetathesekatalysatoren (1 und 2) werden vorgestellt. Sie sind zwar nicht ausreichend stabil für die meisten Kreuzmetathesereaktionen in Wasser, vermitteln aber sehr erfolgreich Ringöffnungsmetathesepolymerisationen und Ringschlussmetathesereaktionen.
Effects of atmospheric particles from Southern California on the optical properties of seawater (2008)

The role of particles deposited from the atmosphere to the ocean is poorly understood in ocean optics. We examined the light absorption and scattering properties of atmospheric particulate matter, which was collected by dry deposition near the Pacific coastline in La Jolla, Southern California, and then suspended in particle‐free seawater for subsequent laboratory measurements. Within these suspensions, we measured the spectral absorption and beam attenuation coefficients, particle size distribution, and particle mass concentration of atmospheric particles. We also determined the 4‐week average aerosol deposition rates at the experimental site over a period of 9 months. The mass‐specific particle absorption a p *( λ ) and scattering b p *( λ ) coefficients showed considerable variability among the samples because of the variations in particle size distribution and composition. For example, a p *(440) was on average 0.042 m 2 g −1 but exhibited over fivefold range among the samples. At near‐infrared wavelengths (750–800 nm), the magnitude of a p * was significant (&gt;0.02 m 2 g −1 for a number of samples) and is likely attributable to the presence of black carbon. The b p *( λ ) values were virtually wavelength‐independent because of the significant presence of relatively large particles (&gt;10 μ m) in our samples. The magnitude of b p *( λ ) varied within a 3.5‐fold range, with an average value of ∼0.27 m 2 g −1 . Our determinations of absorption and scattering by atmospheric particles coupled with radiative transfer simulations suggest that aerosol deposition may have sizable effect on ocean optical properties, including remote sensing reflectance under certain scenarios of deposition events, residence time of deposited particles within the water column, and particle properties.
Hemagglutination detection for blood typing based on waveguide-mode sensors (2014)

ABO and Rh(D) blood typing is one of the most important tests performed prior to blood transfusion. Although on-site blood testing is desirable for expedient blood transfusion procedure, most conventional methods and instruments lack the required usability or portability. Here, we describe a novel method, based on the detection of hemagglutination using an optical waveguide-mode sensor, for on-site use. The reflectance spectrum of blood alone and that of blood mixed with antibody reagents was measured using the waveguide-mode sensor. Differences in reflectance by agglutinated and non-agglutinated blood samples were observed at the bottom of the spectral dips; due to differences in the manner in which red blood cells interacted with the surface of the sensor chip. Following the addition of the antibody, blood types A, B, O, and AB were clearly distinguishable and Rh(D) typing was also possible using the waveguide-mode sensor. Furthermore, the waveguide-mode-based measurement exhibited the potential to detect weak agglutination, which is difficult for human eyes to distinguish. Thus, this method holds great promise for application in novel on-site test instruments.
Alternative Anode Materials for a Highly Stable Lithium Sulfur Battery (2014)

The lithium-sulfur battery system is expected to achieve more than double the gravimetrical energy density as state-of-the-art lithium-ion systems. At the same time the material costs can be significantly decreased due to the abundance and low price of sulfur. What has kept the lithium-sulfur battery from commercialization is its low cycle stability of the system. In our work we demonstrate that the main problem is the metallic lithium anode, which is currently used in most of the publications. The aprotic solvent molecules of the electrolyte are instable versus lithium. When a low amount of electrolyte is used, the cell runs dry and reversible cycling is limited to less than 200 cycles. Using hard carbon anodes we are able to demonstrate that prolonged, reversible cycling can be achieved for more than 1000 cycles. This system enables balanced lithium-sulfur full-cells with a lithium excess of only 10% and a low amount of electrolyte. The sulfur utilization can be increased to 1470 mAh g -1 sulfur (720 mAh g −1 cathode ) by tuning the porosity of the cathode.[1] Our current generation hard carbon anodes achieve a stable areal capacity of 3 mAh cm -2 enabling a combination with high capacity cathodes. Dry processed sulfur cathodes exhibiting an areal loading of 2.5 to 3 mg sulfur cm -2 and sulfur mass loading in the cathode of 68 wt% (including carbon matrix, conductive additive and binder) were applied and resulting full cell results will be discussed. In addition the stable hard carbon anodes can be used to investigate degradation mechanisms in the lithium sulfur battery system. We present results that point toward the fact that nanometer-sized carbon host materials on the cathode side may suffer from increased mechanical degradation. In contrast micrometer-sized porous particles exhibit outstanding cycling performance. Finally new approaches to transfer these results to high capacity anodes, based on Si/C composites will be discussed. FIGURE1 Fig. 1: Cycle stability for a metallic lithium and all-carbon anode versus the same carbon-sulfur cathode at 836 mA g -1 sulfur and a limited amount of electrolyte. [1] J. Brückner et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2013. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201302169.
Simultaneous Bulk- and Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization from Planar Substrates (2011)

We employ Monte Carlo computer simulations to investigate the simultaneous controlled radical polymerization in solution and from a flat surface. The bulk polymers grow at faster rates and possess narrower molecular weight distribution than polymers initiated from flat, impenetrable surfaces. The rate of surface-initiated polymerization depends on the density of initiator sites. Our results provide evidence that the assumption that the molecular weight of surface-initiated polymers is equal to that of polymers grown in bulk, invoked often in determining the grafting density of surface-bound polymers, is generally invalid.
SSA is functional programming (1998)

article Free AccessSSA is functional programming Author: Andrew W. Appel View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 33Issue 4April 1998 pp 17–20https://doi.org/10.1145/278283.278285Published:01 April 1998Publication History 140citation2,047DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations140Total Downloads2,047Last 12 Months436Last 6 weeks48 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Fundus vessel segmentation based on self-adaptive classification strategy (2017)

Vessel segmentation of retinal image is of great significance for medical disease diagnosis. Because of noise, non-uniform illumination etc., it is hard to precisely segment all the vessels especially small thin vessels. This paper proposed a new retinal image segmentation method called TMVD based on pixel specificity and self-adaptive classification strategy, which is implemented in three phases, in the first phase, by setting a higher pixel specificity threshold, the vessels are roughly segmented, then during the second phase, each undetermined pixels acts as an Agent, within a multi scale threshold range, the Agent revises its own status according to the status of its neighbor Agent, and then the segmentation task is completed, finally in the third phase, the noise regions in the segmentation results are cleared by double-layer window method so as to increase the segmentation accuracy. By testing TMVD on DRIVE database, the experiment shows that it is more accurate and efficient than state-of-the-art methods.
Monomial Relization of Crystal Bases for Special Linear Lie Algebras (2003)

We give a new realization of crystal bases for finite dimensional irreducible modules over special linear Lie algebras using the monomials introduced by H. Nakajima. We also discuss the connection between this monomial realization and the tableau realization given by Kashiwara and Nakashima.
Birth Weight and Prenatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): A Meta-analysis within 12 European Birth Cohorts (2011)

The findings suggest that low-level exposure to PCB (or correlated exposures) impairs fetal growth, but that exposure to p,p´-DDE does not. The study adds to mounting evidence that low-level exposure to PCBs is inversely associated with fetal growth.
Differential Production of Type I IFN Determines the Reciprocal Levels of IL-10 and Proinflammatory Cytokines Produced by C57BL/6 and BALB/c Macrophages (2016)

Pattern recognition receptors detect microbial products and induce cytokines, which shape the immunological response. IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-1β are proinflammatory cytokines, which are essential for resistance against infection, but when produced at high levels they may contribute to immunopathology. In contrast, IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, which dampens proinflammatory responses, but it can also lead to defective pathogen clearance. The regulation of these cytokines is therefore central to the generation of an effective but balanced immune response. In this study, we show that macrophages derived from C57BL/6 mice produce low levels of IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-1β, but high levels of IL-10, in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligands LPS and Pam3CSK4, as well as Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium that activates TLR2/4. In contrast, macrophages derived from BALB/c mice show a reciprocal pattern of cytokine production. Differential production of IL-10 in B. pseudomallei and LPS-stimulated C57BL/6 and BALB/c macrophages was due to a type I IFN and ERK1/2-dependent, but IL-27-independent, mechanism. Enhanced type I IFN expression in LPS-stimulated C57BL/6 macrophages was accompanied by increased STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 activation. Furthermore, type I IFN contributed to differential IL-1β and IL-12 production in B. pseudomallei and LPS-stimulated C57BL/6 and BALB/c macrophages via both IL-10-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These findings highlight key pathways responsible for the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and reveal how they may differ according to the genetic background of the host.
Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Immortalized Human Keratinocytes Expressing Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) Oncogenes Reveals Novel Key Factors and Networks in HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis (2019)

Although the role of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) as etiological agents in cancer development has been intensively studied during the last decades, there is still the necessity of understanding the impact of the HPV <i>E6</i> and <i>E7</i> oncogenes on host cells, ultimately leading to malignant transformation. Here, we used newly established immortalized human keratinocytes with a well-defined HPV16 <i>E6E7</i> expression cassette to get a more complete and less biased overview of global changes induced by HPV16 by employing transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). This is the first study combining transcriptome and proteome data to characterize the impact of HPV oncogenes in human keratinocytes in comparison with their virus-negative counterparts. To enhance the informative value and accuracy of the RNA-Seq data, four different bioinformatic workflows were used. We identified potential novel upstream regulators (e.g., CNOT7, SPDEF, MITF, and PAX5) controlling distinct clusters of genes within the HPV-host cell network as well as distinct factors (e.g., CPPED1, LCP1, and TAGLN) with essential functions in cancer. Validated results in this study were compared to data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), demonstrating that several identified factors were also differentially expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) and HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCs). This highly integrative approach allows the identification of novel HPV-induced cellular changes that are also reflected in cancer patients, providing a promising omics data set for future studies in both basic and translational research.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers still remain a big health problem, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines. Although HPV oncogenes have been intensively investigated for decades, a study applying recent advances in RNA-Seq and quantitative proteomic approaches to a precancerous model system with well-defined HPV oncogene expression alongside HPV-negative parental cells has been missing until now. Here, combined omics analyses reveal global changes caused by the viral oncogenes in a less biased way and allow the identification of novel factors and key cellular networks potentially promoting malignant transformation. In addition, this system also provides a basis for mechanistic research on novel key factors regulated by HPV oncogenes, especially those that are confirmed <i>in vivo</i> in cervical cancer as well as in head and neck cancer patient samples from TCGA data sets.
Genetic engineering of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) using isopentenyl transferase gene for enhanced drought tolerance (2017)

Abstract. Nawiri SO, Oduor RO, Jalemba AM. 2017. Genetic engineering of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) using isopentenyl transferase gene for enhanced drought tolerance. Asian J Agric 1: 85-99. Approximately 70% of yield crop reduction worldwide is caused by drought. Due to severe drought, which happens often as a result of climate change, substantial yield deprivation is usual among the major cereals such as maize, wheat, and barley. Therefore, drought tolerant crops that still yield amidst erratic climatic phenomena are greatly needed. Due to its capability to produce high yield in a short period, sweet potato is suitable for cultivation in regions with limited or erratic rainwater supply where other food crops cannot grow easily. Nevertheless, its sensitivity to water deficit may lead to adverse crop growth and yield. By conventional hybridization method, sweet potato is tried to be improved, but it gives unsatisfied results due to its high male sterility, sexual incompatibility and hexaploidy nature of its genome. The aim of this study, therefore, is to develop new varieties of sweet potato with improved tolerance to water-deficit stress for sustainable production of sweet potato under water-limited conditions. Three sweet potato genotypes: Jewel, Kemb36, and Ksp36 were transformed using isopentenyl transferase gene (IPT) that delays drought-induced senescence via up-regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, under the control of a water-deficit responsive and maturation specific promoter (PSARK). The PNOV-IPT gene construct was introduced into sweet potatoes to evaluate their transformability and regenerability. It was done via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 and the plants subsequently regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Jewel genotype recorded the highest transformation and regeneration frequency, followed by Kemb36 and KSP36. Calli were cultured on media supplemented with various mannose concentrations to evaluate the suitability of mannose as a selectable marker for sweet potato, and it was discovered that 30 g/L concentration was optimal for selection of transformed events. At the time of PCR analysis, Jewel had the highest transformation efficiency followed by Kemb36. At the time for evaluation on drought tolerance under controlled conditions, the sweet potato showed delayed senescence and greater drought tolerance under water deficit conditions in the glasshouse. These plants exhibited better growth, higher yield, higher water status maintenance, higher chlorophyll content, and thus higher photosynthetic rates under reduced water conditions in comparison to wild-type. These results, therefore, indicated that expression of isopentenyl transferase gene in sweet potato significantly improves drought tolerance. Therefore, IPT gene should be used to transform other economically important food crops to delay drought-induced senescence and enhance drought tolerance.