gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A methodology for generation of optimal schedules for an underground railway system (1980)

This paper presents a methodology developed for the automatic generation of optimal schedules for the north-south line of the Metro Company of São Paulo. An analytical model was created to represent the system behavior: train and passenger movements. Based on the model characteristics, the goal-coordination method, due to Lasdon and Tamura, was utilized to produce the Optimal reference schedule by considering comfort levels for passengers, the number of trains in the line, and the performance of trains. The optimal schedule for the morning peak period was generated and a great improvement over the current strategy was obtained.
Computer simulations of dense hard-sphere systems (1996)

We present comprehensive results of large-scale molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of systems of dense hard spheres at volume fraction φ along the disordered, metastable branch of the phase diagram from the freezing-point φf to random close packing volume φc. It is shown that many previous simulations contained deficiencies caused by crystallization and finite-size effects. We quantify the degree of local crystallization through an order parameter and study it as a function of time and initial conditions to determine the necessary conditions to obtain truly random systems. This ordering criterion is used to show that previous methods employed to ascertain the degree of randomness are inadequate. A careful study of the pressure is also carried out along the entire metastable branch. In the vicinity of the random-close packing fraction, we show that the pressure scales as (φc−φ)−γ, where γ=1 and φc=0.644±0.005. Contrary to previous studies, we find no evidence of a thermodynamic glass transition.
<title>Manner to reduce the drift due to polarization fluctuation in a resonator fiber optic gyro composed of a single-mode fiber</title> (1994)

A novel fiber resonator configuration is proposed to reduce the drift due to polarization fluctuation for a cheap resonator fiber optic gyro (R-FOG) having medium grade performance. The resonator can be made of an ordinary single mode fiber. Influence of drift sources has been considered, and it is confirmed that the configuration shows medium grade performance.
Ballroom Dance Movement Recognition Using a Smart Watch (2020)

Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors are being increasingly used to detect human gestures and movements. Using a single IMU sensor, whole body movement recognition remains a hard problem because movements may not be adequately captured by the sensor. In this paper, we present a whole body movement detection study using a single smart watch in the context of ballroom dancing. Deep learning representations are used to classify well-defined sequences of movements, called \emph{figures}. Those representations are found to outperform ensembles of random forests and hidden Markov models. The classification accuracy of 85.95\% was improved to 92.31\% by modeling a dance as a first-order Markov chain of figures and correcting estimates of the immediately preceding figure.
Cohort Profile Update: The Isle of Wight Whole Population Birth Cohort (IOWBC) (2020)

The original (Isle of Wight) CohortThe Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) was established with support from the Isle of Wight
How Catalysts Affect the Growth of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates (2010)

Direct growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on flat substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is very important for the application of SWNTs in nanodevices. In the growth process, catalysts play an important role in controlling the structure of SWNTs. Over the years, we have systematically studied the size-controlled synthesis of Fe-based nanoparticles and the CVD growth of SWNTs, especially the horizontally aligned SWNTs, catalyzed by these produced nanoparticles. Some new catalysts were also developed. Among them, Cu is shown to be a superior catalyst for growing SWNT arrays on both silicon and quartz substrates and Pb is a unique catalyst from which one can obtain SWNTs without any metallic contaminant. SWNTs prepared with both Cu and Pb are very suitable for building high-performance nanodevices. These studies are also very helpful for further understanding the growth mechanism of SWNTs.
Overview of nanolithography in Europe (2003)

Summary form only given. Lithography is still the enabler technology, allowing movement along the roadmap, and new developments in this field are often led by European teams, whether academic or industrial ones. This paper looks in depth into nanolithography activities in Europe, which in fact cover a broad spectrum of technologies, from electron-beam to extreme UV, including nanoimprint, ion-beam and more innovative concepts.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Synthesis of Isopropyl Anisoles and Veratroles. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Application of Calixarenes for the Decorporation of Uranium: Present Limitations and Further Trends (1994)

The present study screened two different types of compounds, calixarenes and diphosphonates, for their ability to decrease uranium binding in the body following an accidental contamination. Two calixarenes, sulphonate calix[6]arene (S6) and sulfonate calix[8]arene (S8), were synthasised. Their chelating constants for UO2++ were found to be 1.8 x 1019 and 7 x 1040 respectively. At a dosage of 13 mg.kg-1, S6 was hepatotoxic; S8 was slightly less toxic. The two calixarenes and the diphosphonates (trimethane phosphonic acid, ethylene diamine tetramethane phosphonic acid and cylohexane diamine tetramethane phosphonic acid) were tested for their decorporating properties. None of the molecules investigated was found to be an effective agent for uranyl ion.
Graduate student mentoring by Lawrence A. Crium (2023)

For a period in excess of 55 years, I have had the opportunity and privilege to serve as an advisor to over 50 students at various levels of their academic instruction and development, particularly at the graduate and postgraduate level. Many of my students have achieved noted success in their careers and have served as Society Presidents, as Deans of Engineering schools, and Directors of Government Labs. Having no established approach to student mentorship, this success has been one of selecting good students with a potential for success in any field and providing them with an opportunity to develop their own careers. Indeed, my style has been one of “benign neglect,” if any. Nevertheless, I will attempt in this lecture to describe what I see is an approach that has resulted in successful career development for my students.
Adsorption and Selectivity of Activated Carbon Fibers Application to Organics (1996)

International audience
V-Speech (2020)

Smart glasses are often used in noisy public spaces or industrial settings. Voice commands and automatic speech recognition (ASR) are good user interfaces for such a form factor, but the background noise and interfering speakers pose important challenges. Typical signal processing techniques have limitations in performance and/or hardware resources. V-Speech is a novel solution that captures the voice signal with a vibration sensor located in the nasal pads of smart glasses. Although signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is much higher with vibration sensor capture, it introduces a "nasal distortion," which must be dealt with. The second part of our proposed solution involves a voice transformation of the vibration signal using a neural network to produce an output that mimics the characteristics of a conventional microphone. We evaluated V-Speech in noise-free and very noisy conditions with 30 volunteer speakers uttering 145 phrases each, and validated its performance on ASR engines, with assessments of voice quality using the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) metric, and with subjective listeners to determine intelligibility, naturalness and overall quality. The results show, in extreme noise conditions, a mean improvement of 50% for Word Error Rate (WER), 1.0 on a scale of 5.0 for PESQ, and speech regarded intelligible, with naturalness rated as fair to good. The output of V-Speech has low noise, sounds natural, and enables clear voice communication in challenging environments.
THE CATECHOLAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF SUPPORTING EVIDENCE (1965)

The "catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders" proposes that some, if not all, depressions are associated with an absolute or relative decrease in catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, available at central adrenergic receptor sites. Elation, conversely, may be associated with an excess of such amines. Evidence supporting this hypothesis was reviewed. Data from pharmacological studies, mainly in animals, suggest that the actions of both major classes of antidepressant drugs are mediated through the catecholamines. The monoamine oxidase inhibitors increase brain concentrations of norepinephrine while imipramine-like agents potentiate the physiological effects of norepinephrine. Reserpine, a drug which can cause clinical depression, depletes catecholamines, but other amines may also be involved in its mechanism of action. A rigorous extrapolation from pharmacological studies to pathophysiology clearly cannot be made. Clinical studies relevant to the catecholamime hypothesis are limited and the findings are inconclusive. It is not possible, therefore, to confirm definitively or to reject the catecholamine hypothesis on the basis of data currently available. In our present state of knowledge, however, the catecholamine hypothesis is of considerable heuristic value, providing the investigator and the clinician with a frame of reference integrating much of our experience with those pharmacological agents which produce alterations in human affective states.
Min-Max Bilevel Multi-objective Optimization with Applications in Machine Learning (2022)

We consider a generic min-max multi-objective bilevel optimization problem with applications in robust machine learning such as representation learning and hyperparameter optimization. We design MORBiT, a novel single-loop gradient descent-ascent bilevel optimization algorithm, to solve the generic problem and present a novel analysis showing that MORBiT converges to the first-order stationary point at a rate of $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(n^{1/2} K^{-2/5})$ for a class of weakly convex problems with $n$ objectives upon $K$ iterations of the algorithm. Our analysis utilizes novel results to handle the non-smooth min-max multi-objective setup and to obtain a sublinear dependence in the number of objectives $n$. Experimental results on robust representation learning and robust hyperparameter optimization showcase (i) the advantages of considering the min-max multi-objective setup, and (ii) convergence properties of the proposed MORBiT. Our code is at https://github.com/minimario/MORBiT.
Effects of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on potassium, magnesium and calcium leaching in grazed grassland (2004)

Abstract. Leaching of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) from urine patches in grazed grassland represents a significant loss of valuable nutrients. We studied the effect on cation loss of treating the soil with a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), which was used to reduce nitrate loss by leaching. The soil was a free‐draining Lismore stony silt loam (Udic Haplustept loamy skeletal) and the pasture was a mixture of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) and white clover ( Trifolium repens ). The treatment of the soil with DCD reduced Ca 2+ leaching by the equivalent of 50%, from 213 to 107 kg Ca ha −1 yr −1 on a field scale. Potassium leaching was reduced by 65%, from 48 to 17 kg K ha −1 yr −1 . Magnesium leaching was reduced by 52%, from 17 to 8 kg Mg ha −1 yr −1 . We postulate that the reduced leaching loss of these cations was due to the decreased leaching loss of nitrate under the urine patches, and follows from their reduced requirement as counter ions in the drainage water. The treatment of grazed grassland with DCD thus not only decreases nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions as reported previously, but also decreases the leaching loss of cation nutrients such as Ca 2+ , K + and Mg 2+ .
Kinetics and Mechanism of Fentanyl Dissociation from the µ -Opioid Receptor (2021)

Abstract Driven by illicit fentanyl, opioid related deaths have reached the highest level in 2020. Currently, an opioid over-dose is resuscitated by the use of naloxone, which competitively binds and antagonizes the µ -opioid receptor (mOR). Thus, knowledge of the residence times of opioids at mOR and the unbinding mechanisms is valuable for assessing the effectiveness of naloxone. In the present study we calculate the fentanyl-mOR dissociation time and elucidate the mechanism by applying an enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) technique. Two sets of metadynamics simulations with different initial structures were performed while accounting for the protonation state of the conserved H297 6.52 , which has been suggested to modulate the ligand-mOR affinity and binding mode. Surprisingly, with the N δ -protonated H297 6.52 , fentanyl can descend as much as 10 Å below the level of the conserved D147 3.32 before escaping the receptor, and has a calculated residence time τ of 38 s. In contrast, with the N - and doubly protonated H297 6.52 , the calculated τ are 2.6 s and 0.9 s, respectively. Analysis suggests that formation of the piperidine–Hid297 hydrogen bond strengthens the hydrophobic contacts with the transmembrane helix (TM) 6, allowing fentanyl to explore a deep pocket. Considering the experimental τ of ∼4 min for fentanyl and the role of TM6 in mOR activation, we suggest that the deep insertion mechanism may be biologically relevant. The work paves the way for large-scale computational predictions of opioid dissociation rates to inform the regulatory decision. The profound role of the histidine protonation state found here may shift the paradigm in computational studies of ligand-receptor kinetics.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylaluminum Bis(4‐substituted‐2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxide) as an Efficient Nonchelating Lewis Acid: Application to Asymmetric Diels‐ Alder Reaction and Diastereoselective Alkylation to Alkoxy Carbonyl Substrates. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF α,α,Γ‐TRICHLOROALKANOIC ACIDS VIA THE RUTHENIUM(II)‐CATALYZED ADDITION OF TRICHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE TO OLEFINS (1983)

Abstract Die Olefine (I) reagieren in Gegenwart eines Ruthenium(II)‐chlorid‐Phosphin‐Komplexes mit Trichloracetylchlorid (II) unter Addition an die Doppelbindung.
Dietary supplementation with low‐dose omega‐3 fatty acids reduces salivary tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical study (2017)

The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with low-dose omega-3 PUFAs improves salivary TNF-α without any significant impact on clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis, suggesting that the systemic benefits of dietary omega-3 PUFAs may not be translated to periodontal health. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02719587).
3D head pose computation from 2D images: templates versus features (2002)

In this paper we examine the problem of determining 3-D human head pose from a sequence of 2-D gray scale images. Computation of head pose is vital in many areas of human head modeling and applications include model-based video compression, face recognition and 3D head tracking. A significant amount of research has been done in the general area of 3D object alignment for recognition and modeling purposes, with much of the work concentrating on applying techniques to simple polyhedral objects such as cubes or polyhedrons. We take these techniques a step further and apply them to grey scale images of human heads using a set of distinguishing facial features as well as 2D template regions to compute the pose relative to a given 3D model. In the feature point approach, we use a small subset of features and optimize their selection by minimizing the error in mapping the remaining points with the computed pose. In the template method we minimize the difference in energy between the input facial region and the template database. We obtain results for a wide range of head orientations and scales and the methods proved to be quite accurate.
Twisted Edwards curves (2008)

This paper introduces "twisted Edwards curves," a generalization of the recently introduced Edwards curves; shows that twisted Edwards curves include more curves over finite fields, and in particular every elliptic curve in Montgomery form; shows how to cover even more curves via isogenies; presents fast explicit formulas for twisted Edwards curves in projective and inverted coordinates; and shows that twisted Edwards curves save time for many curves that were already expressible as Edwards curves.
Diastereoselective Additions of Chiral Vinylzinc Reagents to α-Chiral Aldehydes (2004)

[reaction: see text] Additions of vinylic zinc bromide reagents to alpha-chiral aldehydes (R(1) = CH(2)OTBS, R(2) = Me; R(1) = Me, R(2) = OTBS) in the presence of lithiated (+)- or (-)-N-methylephedrine proceed with predominant reagent control to afford anti or syn adducts stereoselectively, except when the aldehydes possess an alkoxy substituent at the alpha- or beta-positions (R(1) = Me, R(2) = OBn; R(1) = CH(2)OBn, R(2) = Me), in which case chelation-controlled adducts predominate.
Optofluidics can create small, cheap biophotonic devices (2006)

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Efficient Testing of High Performance Transaction Processing Systems (1997)

Testing the reliability of high performance tlansaetion processing systams poses many difficult challenges that are not adequately answered by conventional testing techniques. We discuss a new test paradigm, which is dy-namic and exploratory in nature, and discuss its ability to meet these challenges. We de-scribe an implementation of thii paradigm in products that aid in efficiently testing reliable, high performance transaction processing sys-tems at T~adem Computers Inc. 1
Dietary Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk (2017)

Breast cancer is the deadliest neoplasm in women globally, resulting in a significant health burden. In many cases, breast cancer becomes resistant to chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapies. It is believed that genetics is not the major cause of breast cancer. Other contributing risk factors include age at first childbirth, age at menarche, age at menopause, use of oral contraceptives, race and ethnicity, and diet. Diet has been shown to influence breast cancer incidence, recurrence, and prognosis. Soy isoflavones have long been a staple in Asian diets, and there appears to be an increase, albeit modest, compared to Asian populations, in soy consumption among Americans. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens that have antiestrogenic as well as estrogenic effects on breast cancer cells in culture, in animal models, and in clinical trials. This study will investigate anticancer and tumor promoting properties of dietary isoflavones and evaluate their effects on breast cancer development. Furthermore, this work seeks to elucidate the putative molecular pathways by which these phytochemicals modulate breast cancer risk by synergizing or antagonizing the estrogen receptor (ER) and in ER-independent signaling mechanisms.
Welcome to the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (IJBNPA)! (2004)

The IJBNPA is a scholarly, multidisciplinary, international and peer-reviewed journal devoted to furthering the understanding of the behavioral aspects of diet and physical activity. Behavioral processes are believed to be at the heart of successful efforts to improve people's health through diet and physical activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocyclopentitol Inhibitors of α‐L‐Fucosidases. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Three-dimensional surface reconstruction using optical flow for medical imaging (1997)

The recovery of a three-dimensional (3-D) model from a sequence of two-dimensional (2-D) images is very useful in medical image analysis. Image sequences obtained from the relative motion between the object and the camera or the scanner contain more 3-D information than a single image. Methods to visualize the computed tomograms can be divided into two approaches: the surface rendering approach and the volume rendering approach. In this paper, a new surface rendering method using optical flow is proposed. Optical flow is the apparent motion in the image plane produced by the projection of the real 3-D motion onto 2-D image. The 3-D motion of an object can be recovered from the optical-flow field using additional constraints. By extracting the surface information from 3-D motion, it is possible to get an accurate 3-D model of the object. Both synthetic and real image sequences have been used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method is suitable for the reconstruction of 3-D models from ultrasound medical images as well as other computed tomograms.
Erratum: Martin, J.E., et al. Welfare Risks of Repeated Application of On-Farm Killing Methods for Poultry. Animals 2018, 8, 39 (2018)

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper[...].
Development of Waste forms for Radioactive Iodine (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Modelling of Hydrate Phase Equilibria in Porous Media (2001)

O-01 MODELLING OF HYDRATE PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN POROUS MEDIA K.K. ØSTERGAARD M. LLAMEDO and B. TOHIDI Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK Considering the ever-increasing importance of gas hydrates in marine sediments it is crucial to gain a better understanding of their formation and decomposition in porous media. Before hydrate formation and decomposition in complex marine sediment systems can be successfully described it is necessary to understand the basic interactions between fluids hydrates and the porous medium. One way of obtaining such information is by performing experiments in the controlled laboratory environment using well-defined porous media and fluids. Such data