gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<p>Checkpoint CD47 Function On Tumor Metastasis And Immune Therapy</p> (2019)

The success of cancer immunotherapy on recognition checkpoints for killing cancer cells has raised a great interest of scientists in understanding new and old methods of immunotherapeutic. CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) is a cell surface glycoprotein and widely expressed on cells, which belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily as a cell membrane receptor which serves in immune therapy. CD47 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on tumor cell surface and interacts with signal receptor protein-alpha (SIPR-α, also named CD172a or SHPS-1) which may escape from immune cells such as macrophage and T cells. Meanwhile, tumor cells express high CD47 protein which may secrete exosomes with high CD47 expression. The high CD47 expression-exosomes could serve the tumor metastasis process and provide transfer convenience for tumors on the microenvironment. CD47 on cancer cells can also affect the migration and invasion of cells. The high CD47 expression on tumor or CTC (circulating tumor cell) surface means the stronger migration and invasion and makes them escape from immune cells for phagocytosis such as T cells, NK (natural killer) cells and macrophage, which could be used for diagnosis and prognosis on cancer patients. Meanwhile, targeting CD47 combined with other biomarkers such as EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule), CD44, etc on cancer surface could be used to isolate CTCs from patients' blood. In terms of treatment, anti-CD47 antibody combined with another antibody such as anti-PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) antibody or drugs such as rituximab, DOX or oxaliplatin also has better therapeutic effects and antitumor function to tumors. Using nanomaterials as an intermediary for CD47-related immune therapy could greatly increase the therapeutic effect and overcome multiple biological barriers for anti-CD47 antibody in vivo. In this review, we discuss the important role and the function of CD47 in tumor metastasis and also provide a reference for related research.
Automatic wheeze detection using histograms of sample entropy (2008)

In this paper, we propose a robust and automatic wheeze detection method using sample entropy (SampEn) histograms of the filtered narrow band respiratory sound signals. The sound signals are segmented first into their respective inspiration/expiration phases. Time-frequency distribution of each segment is then obtained using Gabor spectrogram. After the construction of SampEn plane, histograms of the selected frequency bins of the SampEn plane are calculated. The mean distortion of the histograms are used as discriminating features for segment-wise wheeze detection. Detection experiments are carried out irrespective of inspiration/expiration segments of the respiration sound signals recorded and preprocessed under different conditions, and the overall wheeze detection accuracy is 97.9% for high intensity wheezes during expirations and is up to 85.3% for low intensity wheezes occurring in inspirations.
Influence of in-vehicle music on driving: experimental results with a driving simulator (2012)

This paper reports experimental results of influence of in-vehicle music on driving to find appropriate music for safe driving. A subject drives a virtual car of a driving simulator consisting of a video game of a motor race, while listening to music which is mixed with the road noise and the engine sound from the game. The driving performance is evaluated with the lap time and the number of accidents of the motor race game. The influence is investigated with music volume levels, music tempos, and music preferences of a subject. The results show that appropriate kinds of music for safe driving are favorite music of a slow tempo of a subject at the similar volume level of the road noise and the engine sound.
Enhancements to the Non-Invasive Current Estimation Technique Through Ground Isolation (2021)

Techniques for predicting or measuring the dynamic current of a high-performance integrated circuit have proven useful when applied in theory. However, the practical application of such methodologies in the lab is much more challenging. Test equipment imperfections have significant influence on the dynamic and static voltage measurement accuracy and thereby impede accurate prediction of chip load current. This paper empirically addresses the presence of ground loops in the measurement system and demonstrates appropriate isolation techniques to resolve the two-channel oscilloscope voltage measurements necessary for accurate load current calculation. In addition, these findings are correlated with simulations by adding oscilloscope and cabling parasitic inductance and resistance to simulation models, which further demonstrate the importance of ground isolation.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Antiferroelectric Lead Zirconate (1988)

The dielectric properties of ceramic lead zirconate and rutile are presented at microwave frequencies. Several techniques are required to span the frequency range from 100 Hz to 26 GHz, and rutile is utilized as a reference material to determine the consistency between measurement methods. A significant relaxation was seen for lead zirconate. At 10 GHz, the dielectric constant decreased 20% from the 1‐MHz value of 160, and the dielectric loss increased by more than 3 times the low‐frequency value of 0.007.
Computer Simulation of the Precipitate Evolution during Industrial Heat Treatment of Complex Alloys (2007)

Precipitates are the key ingredient for the strength of heat treatable alloys. To optimize the mechanical properties of alloys it is important to know the response of precipitates to thermomechanical treatments. In the past, application of computer models to describe the evolution of precipitates in the course of these processes has proven difficult due to the complexity of the problem. In this work, a new model based on a mean-field representation of precipitates in a multicomponent matrix is applied to heat treatments of steels. Example simulations are presented for a 9- 12% Cr ferritic/martensitic heat resistant steel for power plant application and a complex tool steel with both carbides and intermetallic phases using the software MatCalc. The predictions of the model are verified on experimental results and the potential application to industrial heat treatment simulation is discussed.
Low NOx Combustion for Liquid Fuels: Atmospheric Pressure Experiments Using a Staged Prevaporizer-Premixer (2003)

Low emissions of NOx are obtained for a wide range of liquid fuels by using a staged prevaporizing-premixing injector. The injector relies on two stages of air temperature and fires into a laboratory jet-stirred reactor operated at atmospheric pressure and nominal ϕ of 0.6. The liquid fuels burned are methanol, normal alkanes from pentane to hexadecane, benzene, toluene, two grades of light naphtha, and four grades of No. 2 diesel fuel. Additionally, natural gas, ethane, and industrial propane are burned. For experiments conducted for 1790 K combustion temperature and 2.3±0.1 ms combustion residence time, the NOx (adjusted to 15% O2 dry) varies from a low of 3.5 ppmv for methanol to a high of 11.5 ppmv for No. 2 diesel fuel. For the most part, the NOx and CO are positively correlated with the fuel carbon to hydrogen ratio (C/H). Chemical kinetic modeling suggests the increase in NOx with C/H ratio is caused in significant part by the increasing superequilibrium concentrations of O-atom created by the increasing levels of CO burning in the jet-stirred reactor. Fuel bound nitrogen also contributes NOx for the burning of the diesel fuel. This paper describes the staged prevaporizing-premixing injector, the examination of the injector, and the NOx and CO measurements and their interpretation. Optical measurements, using beams of He-Ne laser radiation passed across the outlet stream of the injector, indicate complete vaporization and a small variation in the cross-stream averaged fuel/air ratio. The latter is determined by measuring the standard deviation and mean of the transmission of the laser beam passed through the stream. Additional measurements and inspections indicate no pressure oscillations within the injector and no gum and carbon deposition. Thus, the NOx and CO measurements are obtained for fully vaporized, well premixed conditions devoid of preflame reactions within the injector.
Pharmacist time requirements for counseling in an outpatient pharmacy (2002)

The correlation between the pharmacist time required for counseling patients and the characteristics of the services provided was studied. Data from the Kaiser Permanente/USC Patient Consultation Study were used to examine the relationship between pharmacist time and potential problems, actions to resolve the problems, and disposition of prescriptions. A regression model was estimated with pharmacist time as the dependent variable. An encounter consisting of patient contact to monitor adverse effects, duplicate therapy, or compliance took an estimated three minutes on average. Problems related to appropriateness of therapy or drug interactions required an additional 1.8 and 0.5 minutes, respectively. Four additional minutes were required for provider contact unless the contact involved a simple clarification (an additional 2.6 minutes). Patient referrals required an additional 2.5 minutes. The time requirements related to the problem addressed and action taken were not additive. The incremental time requirements across alternative problem-action clusters ranged from 2.9 to 9 minutes. A fee-for-service payment system appears to be feasible for pharmacist counseling services.
Functional Outcomes Following Anterior Transfer of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon for Foot Drop Secondary to Peroneal Nerve Palsy (2017)

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Physical Properties of SmAbPhase in an Achiral Bent–Core Smectic Liquid Crystal (2012)

Non-polar biaxial SmAb mesophase was observed in a 4-cyanoresorcinol bisbenzoate with two terephthalate–based wings bent-core (BC) compound (PAL 29) having 16 carbon atoms in the terminal alkyl chain. Electro-optic and dielectric properties of this phase have been studied in detail. The biaxial SmAb phase transforms to ferroelectric state by the application of higher voltage. The field dependent biaxiality is very small and the polarizing microscopic texture observations support the corresponding measurements. Dielectric study exhibits two relaxation processes in the polar phase temperature region and one in the apolar biaxial SmAb phase.
Fabrication of crystalline organic waveguides with an exceptionally large electro-optic coefficient (2004)

Single-crystal optical waveguides of 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST), an organic material with a large electro-optic coefficient, have been obtained. DAST decomposes at its melting temperature, making its growth from the melt difficult. However, graphoepitaxy allows for &amp;gt;1 mm s−1 growth, 1×105 times faster than conventional techniques, and produces crystals of the correct dimensions for optical waveguides, 1–15 μm on a side and 5–10 mm long. The crystals grow with the c-axis normal to the substrate, and with in-plane orientation determined by lithographic patterning. The electro-optic coefficient dn/dE is 600±300 pm V−1 at 1.55 μm wavelength. Optical losses are &amp;lt;10 dB cm−1.
5716Age and gender differences in stroke and bleeding risks in atrial fibrillation patients treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (2017)

Purpose: Since patients with advanced CKD were excluded from recent pivotal trials of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), we aimed to investigate the use and outcomes of warfarin and NOACs in patients with advanced CKD managed in contemporary routine clinical practice. Methods: Using a large U.S. administrative database, we identify 49,953 patients with AF and stage 4-5 CKD between 10/1/2010-1/31/2016. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationships between drug exposure and stroke or bleeding outcomes, adjusting for propensity scores calculated based on 59 socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Two-thirds of the patients were not treated with OAC, and a substantial minority (28%) were treated with warfarin. Outcomes were illustrated in the figure and remained unchanged if considering death as a competing risk or using other propensity score methods. Conclusions: In patients with advanced CKD, the use of OAC was associated with a reduced risk of stroke without an increase in bleeding. In patients not on dialysis, NOACs were associated with similar risks of stroke, and apixaban was associated with lower risk of bleeding than warfarin. Apixaban may also be a reasonable alternative to warfarin in dialysis patients.
Persistence of PRRSV in Nursery Pigs (2000)

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRS)V is known to cause persistent infections in swine populations. We inoculated three week-old feeder pigs with PRRSV (ATCC VR-2332) then collected and analyzed biological samples to determine the pigs’ infection status over time post-inoculation (PI). Infectious virus was detected in 100% of animals at 63 days post inoculation and 90% of animals were still carrying infectious virus at 105 days PI.
Authors' Note (2022)

Significant developments have occurred since the original article was published, further emphasizing the argument that parkour in New Zealand is a good case for exemplifying the complexities of the process of sportization in the contemporary moment (Wheaton and O’Loughlin 2017; see also Sterchele 2015).
Wide-band polarization-independent tensile-strained InGaAs MQW-SOA gate (1998)

A high-performance tensile-strained InGaAs multi-quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifier (MQW-SOA) gate developed for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) applications is reported. The -0.47% InGaAs-strained SOA gate has a very low polarization dependence of 0.3 dB over a driving current between 30 and 60 mA and a wide-input signal wavelength range from 1530 to 1580 nm. The fabrication tolerance of the mesa stripe width is very large, ranging from 1.0 to 1.75 μm. The MQW-SOA gate has an extinction ratio of more than 40 dB. The fiber-to-fiber lossless operation current is less than 50 mA over the fiber-amplifier gain band. The gating speed is less than 1 ns.
Temperature-responsive nanobiocatalysts with an upper critical solution temperature for high performance biotransformation and easy catalyst recycling: efficient hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose (2014)

A novel concept of engineering an UCST-type temperature-responsive nanobiocatalyst for efficient catalysis and easy catalyst separation upon temperature change was demonstrated and successfully applied in hydrolysing cellulose to glucose.
Assessing Irrigation Water Quality for pH, Salts, & Alkalinity (2014)

Proper irrigation management is increasingly critical as demand and competition for high quality, potable water grows. Coupled with identifying all potential stressors, accurate interpretation of water quality reports is essential to irrigation managers because management practices affect both soil and plant health. The complex nature of information given in water quality reports makes interpretation and selection and implementation of appropriate management options difficult for many stakeholders. Therefore, an easy-to-follow flow chart was developed for use by Extension agents to aid in consultations with stakeholders' about their water quality reports.
Web macros by example (1999)

As the WWW moves from a web of documents to a web of interactive applications, hypertext organization and navigation tools such as bookmarks do not fully support user activities. I propose the concept of Web macros - parameterized, context-aware WWW navigation programs created by demonstration. Web macros can automate common tasks for their author, as well as be offered for public use with personalized parameters factored out and substituted. I am developing the model, requirements and technology for Web macros, and will investigate authoring by demonstration.
A Library of Monoclonal Antibodies to Escherichia coli K-12 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (1995)

A library of monoclonal antibodies to K-12 Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and its pyruvate decarboxylating (EC 1.2.4.1; E1) subunit is reported. 21 monoclonal antibodies were generated, and 20 were investigated, of which 9 were elicited to PDHc and 11 to pure E1 subunit; 19 were of the IgG1 isotype and one of the IgG3 isotype. According to an enzyme immunoassay, all 20 of the monoclonal antibodies bound the PDHc, and 17 bound the E1 subunit. According to Western blot analysis, 14 of the 19 monoclonal antibodies bound to the E1 subunit. The monoclonal antibodies inhibited PDHc from 0 to > 98%. The six monoclonal antibodies that displayed greater than 30% inhibition of E. coli PDHc were unable to inhibit porcine heart PDHc nor did they bind porcine heart PDHc according to dot blot analysis. Radiolabeling gave binding constants ranging from 5 to 10 x 10(8) M-1 on these six monoclonal antibodies, with greater than 80% of maximal inhibition achieved in less than 1 min. One of the six, 18A9, gave > 98% inhibition, required two antibodies/E1 subunit for maximum inhibition, and was shown to be a non-competitive inhibitor. Monoclonal antibody 15A9 was shown to counteract GTP-induced inhibition, while 1F2 influenced the conformation of E1, allowing two antibodies, which did not previously bind E1, to bind to it. A new mechanism-based kinetic assay is presented that is specific for the E1 component of 2-keto acid dehydrogenases. This assay confirmed that the three most strongly inhibitory monoclonal antibodies specifically inhibited the E1 function while antibody 1F2 led to enhanced activity, suggesting an induced conformational change in PDHc or in E1.
Significance of Multiple Bioactivation Pathways for Meclofenamate as Revealed through Modeling and Reaction Kinetics (2020)

Meclofenamate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of mild-to-moderate pain yet poses a rare risk of hepatotoxicity through an unknown mechanism. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) bioactivation is a common molecular initiating event for hepatotoxicity. Thus, we hypothesized a similar mechanism for meclofenamate and leveraged computational and experimental approaches to identify and characterize its bioactivation. Analyses employing our XenoNet model indicated possible pathways to meclofenamate bioactivation into 19 reactive metabolites subsequently trapped into glutathione adducts. We describe the first reported bioactivation kinetics for meclofenamate and relative importance of those pathways using human liver microsomes. The findings validated only four of the many bioactivation pathways predicted by modeling. For experimental studies, dansyl glutathione was a critical trap for reactive quinone metabolites and provided a way to characterize adduct structures by mass spectrometry and quantitate yields during reactions. Of the four quinone adducts, we were able to characterize structures for three of them. Based on kinetics, the most efficient bioactivation pathway led to the monohydroxy para-quinone-imine followed by the dechloro-ortho-quinone-imine. Two very inefficient pathways led to the dihydroxy ortho-quinone and a likely multiply adducted quinone. When taken together, bioactivation pathways for meclofenamate accounted for approximately 13% of total metabolism. In sum, XenoNet facilitated prediction of reactive metabolite structures, whereas quantitative experimental studies provided a tractable approach to validate actual bioactivation pathways for meclofenamate. Our results provide a foundation for assessing reactive metabolite load more accurately for future comparative studies with other NSAIDs and drugs in general. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Meclofenamate bioactivation may initiate hepatotoxicity, yet common risk assessment approaches are often cumbersome and inefficient and yield qualitative insights that do not scale relative bioactivation risks. We developed and applied innovative computational modeling and quantitative kinetics to identify and validate meclofenamate bioactivation pathways and relevance as a function of time and concentration. This strategy yielded novel insights on meclofenamate bioactivation and provides a tractable approach to more accurately and efficiently assess other drug bioactivations and correlate risks to toxicological outcomes.
ICCM Symposium on Cognitive Modeling of Processes "Beyond Rational" (2012)

Computational cognitive modeling is normally thought of as rational cognition. However, there are human behaviors that do not appear to be driven by rational cognition. The other, “beyond rational ” cognition is also appropriate for computational models of cognition. The panel will discuss their efforts at modeling this form of cognition.
Rodent Model of Attention: The 5‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (2008)

The 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) is the most widely used test to measure attentional performance in rodents. The basic test design involves training animals to respond to a brief visual stimulus presented unpredictably in one of five locations. Once trained to stable performance levels, the effects of experimental manipulations on response speed and choice accuracy are measured and each are related to attentional performance. Increasingly, the test is also used to examine aspects of response control. Having been adapted from a human task, the test has also been successfully extended to the mouse and primate, thus highlighting its translational value. Increasingly this test is being applied in drug discovery efforts, primarily to identify novel drug treatments for conditions associated with attention deficits.
Influence of Organ Environment on Extracellular Matrix Degradative Activity and Metastasis of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells (1990)

Orthotopic implantation of human colon carcinoma cells is useful for studying the behavior of metastatic subpopulations. We observed that the parental line and variants of human colon carcinoma KM12 cells were all tumorigenic following implantation into the subcutis or cecal wall of BALB/c nude mice. Their ability to metastasize to distant organ sites varied, however, with the site of growth. Subcutaneous (SC) tumors did not produce visceral metastases, whereas cecal tumors metastasized to the regional mesenteric lymph nodes and to the liver. To examine the influence of organ environment on the extracellular matrix-degrading activity of the tumors, we inoculated human colon carcinoma cells into the subcutis or cecal wall and after 7 weeks isolated and cultured the tumors in serum-free medium. The conditioned media of SC tumors contained very low levels of type IV collagenase (gelatinase) and heparanase (heparan sulfate-specific endo-beta-D-glucuronidase), whereas the media of the cecal wall tumors contained high levels of both. Zymograms of the media revealed that the intracecal human colon carcinomas secreted more than three times the amount of latent and active forms of 92-kd type IV collagenase than did the SC tumors. Moreover, only the conditioned media of intracecal tumors contained latent and active forms of 64-kd type IV collagenase. Histochemical analysis using rabbit antiserum raised against the synthetic peptides of 72-kd procollagenase type IV showed type IV collagenase in the intracecal tumors; human colon carcinoma growing SC, however, were not stained significantly. These results suggest that factors in the organ environment may affect production and secretion of tumor extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, and these factors may modify the metastatic behavior of human colon carcinoma cells in nude mice.