gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problems and techniques of text-analysis (1980)

represenfations of real-world objects. (Informal observations suggest that 15-month-old infants can do this.) In BABAR, this problem arose with reference to the taxicab and hotel scenes. For instance, on .pages 6-7 there is the following sentence: 12. The Babar family is waiting for a taxi. The illustration shows the Saber family standing next to a group of humans. At the extreme left is the front one-third of an automobAle with a knob on top which hasthe word TAXI written on it. Is it plausible to expect a picture-reader (who cannot read TAXI) to recognize that this auto is a taxi, and infer that the Babar family is waitillg for it? [It is not clear that even that inference Is invited--they could be waiting for the light to change. It may be only our knowledge that frequently when one takes a train trip (cf.. pages 4-5) one takes a. taxi to a more specific destination that makes this inference not unreasonable. But this is treated elsewhere.) The point is, what does an illiterate have to know about taxis to recognize this object as a taxi? Is the half-inch by three-eighths inch knob with letters on it enough? Does the short-billed hat on the head of fhe driver help enough? Or is it part of the meaning of taxi that taxis have knobs on top? The problems In the next_scene are_probably more evident. Sentences 13 and 14 read: 13. The taxi takes them to their hotel. 14. Celeste and the children walk inside. Disregarding the taxi (part of the right front fender and grill are shown), the illustration shows Celeste entering a stone or concrete edifice through one of two doors in arched doorways festooned with Neo-Gothic or Baroque or
Small Plot Trials Documenting Effective Mating Disruption of Oriental Fruit Moth by Using High Densities of Wax-Drop Pheromone Dispensers (2005)

In 2004 field experiments, we compared the effectiveness of various deployment densities of 0.1-ml paraffin wax drops containing 5% pheromone versus Isomate M-Rosso "rope" dispensers for disruption of Grapholita molesta (Busck). Treatments were evaluated in 0.05-ha (12-tree) plots of 'Delicious' apples receiving regular maintenance according to growers' standards, but not sprayed with insecticides. The application densities of 0.1-ml wax drops were 3 per tree (820/ha), 10 per tree (2,700/ha), 30 per tree (8,200/ha), and 100 per tree (27,300/ha). Wax drops were compared with 3-ml dispensers of pheromone-containing paraffin wax or Isomate M-Rosso ropes at 1.8 per tree (500/ha) and untreated control plots. Treatments were applied before the start of each of three moth generations. Orientational disruption, as measured by inhibition of moth captures in pheromone-baited delta traps, was greatest in plots that received 100 drops per tree (99.2%) and 30 drops per tree (99.4%). More than 55% of tethered, virgin females were mated in control plots after one night of deployment. However, no mating was recorded at the two highest application densities of wax drops where orientational disruption of traps exceeded 99%. Mating ranged from 7 to 20% among the other treatments, including Isomate rope dispensers. G. molesta males were observed closely approaching pheromone dispensers in plots containing ropes and wax drops, documenting competitive attraction between synthetic pheromone sources and feral females. The majority of observed G. molesta males approached within 60 cm of wax drops or pheromone ropes and departed within 20 s by flying upwind. Thirty wax drops per tree yielded higher mating disruption of G. molesta than did Isomate M-Rosso dispensers deployed at the recommended rate of 500/ha (1.8 per tree). Measurement of release rates confirmed behavioral data indicating that paraffin wax dispensers would need to be applied once per G. molesta generation in Michigan. Paraffin wax drops are a promising technology for moth mating disruption. They are cheaper and easier to produce, require less total pheromone per annual application, and produce better mating disruption at appropriate deployment densities compared with Isomate M-Rosso dispensers under high G. molesta population densities. The cost-effectiveness of this approach will require an appropriate mechanized applicator for wax drops.
Experimental investigation of MOSFETs and coplanar waveguides on p-type high resistivity SIMOX substrate for radio-frequency applications (2002)

Summary form only given. The use of SOI substrates for the integration of high frequency circuits is currently reported to be very promising, since passive and active devices elaborated on such materials present rather good performances at frequencies in the range of few gigahertz (Eggert et al. 1997; Agarwal et al. 1992). In this work, we investigate unity-gain frequencies (f/sub T/) and maximum oscillation frequencies (f/sub max/) of 0.4 /spl mu/m gate length p- and n-type SOI MOSFETs elaborated on a p-type high resistivity SIMOX substrate. Coplanar transmission lines patterned on the same type of SIMOX substrate are also characterized in term of propagation loss variation versus frequencies. Satisfactory results, in comparison with a reference sample realized on a bulk silicon wafer, for both active and passive devices are reported.
A VLSI controller for active-matrix LCDs (2002)

There is currently no standard interface for active-matrix thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Interface signals and timing requirements vary among panel technologies, driver ICs, and applications. To allow interfacing to the widest possible range of active matrix LCDs (AMLCDs) from various systems, a flexible, versatile, stand-alone interface controller is required. A typical existing AMLCD controller in a display module implements a rudimentary interface providing only synchronized clocks and buffering of a few pixel data The controller described in this paper absorbs all the display specific functions under the control of programmable registers, and thus presents a simple and display-independent interface to the host. In addition, the chip performs some simple image enhancement operations that can again be programmed to meet the demand of particular applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fordonskomponenter och konfigurationer (2014)

Batteriet innehaller betydligt mer energi an ett vanligt 12V’s bilbatteri. For att framdriva ett fordon av Volvo V70 storlek elektriskt i 50 km erfordras ett 150 kg batteri. I hybridbilar dar endast marginell elektriskt framdrivning skall ske (typ Toyota Prius classic) ar batteriet avsevard mindre. Batteriet har typiskt en spanningsniva pa 300-600V, vilket ar en sa hog spanning att elsakerhetsbeaktanden alltid maste tas.
Polygon connected autotransformer based 24-pulse AC-DC converter for power quality improvement (2006)

This paper deals with a polygon connected autotransformer based 24-pulse ac-dc converter for power quality improvement in vector controlled induction motor drives (VCIMD’s). A polygon connected autotransformer with multi windings per phase at different phase angles is used to realize the proposed 24-pulse ac-dc converter. The design of proposed autotransformer is presented alongwith the necessary modifications required for making it suitable for retrofit applications, where presently a 6-pulse diode bridge rectifier is used. The proposed 24-pulse ac-dc converter is able to eliminate upto 21 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> harmonics in the supply current alongwith the power factor improvement close to unity in the wide operating range of the drive. The effect of load variation on VCIMD is also studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ac-dc converter. A set of power quality indices on input ac mains and on dc bus for a VCIMD fed from six-pulse and proposed ac-dc converter are presented to compare their performance.
Detection of right atrial myxoma by coronary cinearteriography (1986)

During routine coronary cinearteriography, a large, right atrial myxoma was detected in a patient with angina pectoris. It was clinically unsuspected and was found at surgery to extend partially into the left atrium.
Image processing and page presentation: part 2 (1989)

The series continues with further sections covering the fundamentals of image processing, including text capture and image scanning, and ending with a short explanation comparing reproduction on Cathode Ray Tubes and printers. Image processing systems are then considered in greater detail starting with scanning techniques. Methods of two‐level (black or white), halftone, and colour scanning are described, followed by compression systems, screens for printing, and the control of scanner/printer reproduction of halftones.
TOTAL: Topology Optimization of Operational Amplifier via Reinforcement Learning (2023)

With ever-increasing design complexity and stringent time-to-market pressure, automated topology synthesis tools for operational amplifiers are required to produce designs meeting different specifications. This paper proposes TOTAL, a reinforcement learning-based topology optimization method for operational amplifiers. We decompose the circuit topology design as a Markov decision process to solve the high dimensionality of the design space, with the three-stage cascode paradigm fixed to avoid meaningless structures. Therefore, starting from a basic behavior-level topology, an agent modifies the circuit step by step. Specifically, this agent mainly adopts a graph neural network to understand each design state, including specifications and the design history, and a convolutional neural network to modify the current topology. Every completed circuit is then simulated and evaluated by a customized reward function to guide the agent in finding qualified circuits, among which only the optimal one ever recorded is mapped to the transistor level for further evaluation. Experimental results show that the trained agent can not only generate high-performance circuits, but also be reusable by transferring to other specifications as a pre-trained model and achieving competitive results.
Facilitating Collaborative Engineering Analysis Problem Solving in Immersive Virtual Reality (2020)

Abstract This work addresses barriers to the adoption of immersive virtual reality within engineering education. A virtual classroom is described that affords users enhanced viewing and interaction with 3D objects, while retaining educational supports for drawing, writing, and collaboration with others in the same virtual space. A didactic example of this approach is provided for use in an engineering statics course. To evaluate this concept, two traditional problems were developed that involved the analysis of 3D objects presented with the problems. A pilot study involving 19 student participants, in pairs or individually, solved these problems, with one requiring physical measurement of problem variables, entirely within the virtual classroom. Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data collected during the study suggests that this platform is a viable means to introduce 3D graphics and interaction to the engineering classroom. Participants were highly engaged by the approach, praised the introduction of 3D graphics, and were able to use the technology, despite being unfamiliar, within minutes. Though student performance was ostensibly worse that when solving ordinary textbook problems on paper, it was well within expectations due to the increased complexity of the approach, both technologically and pedagogically. If the platform and approach were used more comprehensively throughout such a course, particularly one already offered in a distance-education format, performance on these sorts of problems would likely improve. Technology improvements that are on the near horizon will support this evaluation and together may represent an may represent a significant inflection point in the cost-effectiveness curve of immersive virtual reality for engineering education leading to widespread adoption.
Regulations in the United States for Cell Transplantation Clinical Trials in Neurological Diseases (2015)

Objective This study aimed to use a systematic approach to evaluate the current utilization, safety, and effectiveness of cell therapies for neurological diseases in human. And review the present regulations, considering United States (US) as a representative country, for cell transplantation in neurological disease and discuss the challenges facing the field of neurology in the coming decades. Methods A detailed search was performed in systematic literature reviews of cellular-based therapies in neurological diseases, using PubMed, web of science, and clinical trials. Regulations of cell therapy products used for clinical trials were searched from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Results Seven most common types of cell therapies for neurological diseases have been reported to be relatively safe with varying degrees of neurological recovery. And a series of regulations in US for cellular therapy was summarized including preclinical evaluations, sourcing material, stem cell manufacturing and characterization, cell therapy product, and clinical trials. Conclusions Stem cell-based therapy holds great promise for a cure of such diseases and will value a growing population of patients. However, regulatory permitting activity of the US in the sphere of stem cells, technologies of regenerative medicine and substitutive cell therapy are selective, theoretical and does not fit the existing norm and rules. Compiled well-defined regulations to guide the application of stem cell products for clinical trials should be formulated.
Rejection of seamless pipe noise in magnetic flux leakage data obtained from gas pipeline inspection (2000)

Natural gas is traditionally transmitted from production facilities to customer locations through a vast pipeline network. A major segment of this network employs seamless pipes. This is especially true for smaller diameter transmission and distribution lines. Manufacturing process associated with the production of seamless pipes contribute to a helical variation in the pipe along the axis. The deformation introduces an artifact in the data obtained from MFL inspection of these pipelines. This seamless pipe noise is usually correlated with signals generated by defects and other elements (joints, tees, etc.) in pipelines, and can therefore, mask their indications in MFL data. This warrants the need for methods to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in MFL data from seamless pipes. This paper presents a technique for detecting signals in MFL data from seamless pipes. The approach processes the data in various steps. First, a wavelet based denoising technique is applied to reduce the noise due to instrumentation and other sources. An adaptive filtering approach is then applied to reject seamless noise in the data. Since the inspection of pipelines typically generates vast amounts of data, it is imperative that the algorithm be computationally efficient. The processing method has to be robust in that it should be data independent. The approach described in this paper meet these criteria. Results from application of the approach to data from field tests are presented.
Fluid selection and property effects in single- and two-phase immersion cooling (of electronic components) (1988)

The governing equations for liquid and two-phase heat transfer are used to derive fluid figures of merit (FOMs) for forced and natural convection, boiling incipience, and critical heat flux in both pool and flow boiling modes. These FOMs can be used to evaluate and compare the thermal performance of several candidate immersion cooling systems. In addition, the governing equations are used to determine the sensitivities of thermal performance to fluid property values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CellSegm - a MATLAB toolbox for high-throughput 3D cell segmentation (2013)

: The application of fluorescence microscopy in cell biology often generates a huge amount of imaging data. Automated whole cell segmentation of such data enables the detection and analysis of individual cells, where a manual delineation is often time consuming, or practically not feasible. Furthermore, compared to manual analysis, automation normally has a higher degree of reproducibility. CellSegm, the software presented in this work, is a Matlab based command line software toolbox providing an automated whole cell segmentation of images showing surface stained cells, acquired by fluorescence microscopy. It has options for both fully automated and semi-automated cell segmentation. Major algorithmic steps are: (i) smoothing, (ii) Hessian-based ridge enhancement, (iii) marker-controlled watershed segmentation, and (iv) feature-based classfication of cell candidates. Using a wide selection of image recordings and code snippets, we demonstrate that CellSegm has the ability to detect various types of surface stained cells in 3D. After detection and outlining of individual cells, the cell candidates can be subject to software based analysis, specified and programmed by the end-user, or they can be analyzed by other software tools. A segmentation of tissue samples with appropriate characteristics is also shown to be resolvable in CellSegm. The command-line interface of CellSegm facilitates scripting of the separate tools, all implemented in Matlab, offering a high degree of flexibility and tailored workflows for the end-user. The modularity and scripting capabilities of CellSegm enable automated workflows and quantitative analysis of microscopic data, suited for high-throughput image based screening.
Evaluation of Vanillin Assay for Tannin Analysis of Dry Beans (1985)

ABSTRACT Several parameters that might influence the vanillin assay for tannin analysis of dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgatis L.) varieties were investigated. The assayable tannin content decreased with decreasing particle size of the bean flours. Time elapsed after grinding as well as storage under high humidity conditions markedly influenced tannin assays. The solubihty of tannins was dependent on the type of solvent used, with methanolic extraction requiring shorter periods as compared to extraction with acidified methanol. Color differences within the bean samples appeared to be the prime cause of variation in tannin analysis of beans. Extractions on seed coats alone increased the assayable tannin by 1.1‐2.5 times compared to extractions of bean flours.
Feline mucopolysaccharidosis VI: purification and characterization of the resident arylsulfatase B activity. (1981)

Hepatic arylsulfatase B (ASB) from normal and mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) cats was purified over 2,800- and 1,800-fold, respectively, and their physical and kinetic properties were characterized. In contrast to the normal feline enzyme, the partially purified MPS VI residual activity had a 100-fold greater Km value and was markedly less stable to thermal, cryo-, and pH-inactivation. In addition, the MPS VI enzyme had a more negative charge as determined by its migration on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its elution profile on cation exchange chromatography. Finally, the MPS VI activity had approximately half the apparent molecular weight of the normal feline enzyme, which was a homodimer, suggesting that the genetic mutation in feline MPS VI altered the subunit association as well as the kinetic and stability properties of the mutant protein.
Low‐Melting, Low‐Viscous, Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids: 1‐Alkyl(Alkyl Ether)‐3‐methylimidazolium Perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate (2004)

A series of twenty two hydrophobic ionic liquids, 1-alkyl(alkyl ether)-3-methylimidazolium ([C(m)mim]+ or [C(m)O(n)mim]+; where Cm is 1-alkyl, Cm = nCmH(2m+1), m = 1-4 and 6; C(m)O(n) is 1-alkyl ether, C2O1 = CH3OCH2, C3O1 = CH3OCH2CH2, and C5O2 = CH3(OCH2CH2)2) perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate ([RFBF3]-, RF = CF3, C2F5, nC3F7, nC4F9), have been prepared and characterized. Some of the important physicochemical properties of these salts including melting point, glass transition, viscosity, density, ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, have been determined and were compared with those of the reported [BF4](-)-based ones. The influence of the structure variation in the imidazolium cation and the perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate ([RFBF3]-) anion on the above physicochemical properties was discussed. The key features of these new salts are their low melting points (-42 to 35 degrees C) or extremely low glass transition (between -87 and -117 degrees C) without melting, and considerably low viscosities (26-77 cP at 25 degrees C).
A plasma‐based gas‐phase method for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (2019)

Abstract There are many applications for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to their interesting optoelectronic properties such as tunable optical absorption and plasmonic resonance behavior. Although synthesis and stabilization of colloidal AuNPs are well established, new synthesis routes can lead to enhanced versatility of applications for AuNPs, particularly if the methods allow avoidance of solution processes or surfactants. Here, we introduce a plasma‐based synthesis of AuNPs, using a consumable gold wire and a radiofrequency power source. The AuNPs are monodisperse, with an average diameter of 4 nm. Although production yield is low, the narrow size distribution of the AuNPs and the avoidance of solution processing in this method are promising for future syntheses of metal NPs based on plasmas.
Experience in the use of digital technologies by government agencies in the field interaction with labor migrants (2020)

Тенденции развития науки и образования РАЗДЕЛ XVIII.ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ Васильев В.Е
Gossip along the way: order-optimal consensus through randomized path averaging (2007)

Gossip algorithms have recently received significant attention, mainly because they constitute simple and robust algorithms for distributed information processing over networks. However for many topologies that are realistic for wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks (like grids and random geometric graphs), the standard nearest-neighbor gossip converges very slowly. A recently proposed algorithm called geographic gossip improves gossip efficiency by a $\\sqrt{n / \\log n}$ factor for random geometric graphs, by exploiting geographic information of node locations. In this paper we prove that a variation of geographic gossip that averages along routed paths, improves efficiency by an additional $\\sqrt{n / \\log n}$ factor and is order optimal for grids and random geometric graphs. Our analysis provides some general techniques and can be used to provide bounds on the performance of randomized message passing algorithms operating over various graph topologies.
A Cross-sectional Study on the Association between the Constitution in Chinese Medicine and the risk factors of Lifestyle Diseases (2019)

中医体質9分類と，生活習慣病に関わるボディ・マス・インデックス(BMI)やエネルギー摂取量との関係を検討した．インターネットを通じて729人を対象として，中医体質調査票，身長，体重，食事摂取頻度調査，生年月日，運動習慣に対する回答を取得し，体質間のBMI，エネルギー摂取量ならびに年齢，身長，体重，運動習慣を調整した調整済みエネルギー摂取量の多重比較検定を行った．結果は，女性では有意差は見られなかったものの，男性では陽虚質のBMIは，平和質，気虚質，痰湿質のBMIより有意に低かった（p = 0.00098，p = 0.029，p = 0.040）．なお，男女とも，各体質とエネルギー摂取量ならびに調整済みエネルギー摂取量の間に関連性はみられなかった．体質調査が生活習慣病のリスクファクター解消に有用であるか否かについて，今後のさらなる研究が期待される．