gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contralateral Obturator Hernia Immediately after a Right Obturator Herniorrhaphy: A Case Report (2010)

An obturator hernia is a very rare condition that occurs in elderly debilitated women and its nonspecific symptoms delay the diagnosis. Computed tomography is a useful tool for the early diagnosis of an obturator hernia. Previous studies report that bilateral obturator hernias comprise approximately 6% of all obturator hernias is 6%. To the best of our knowledge, there is no reported case of a contralateral obturator hernia immediately after a herniorrhaphy. We report a case of contralateral obturator hernia thst occurred immediately after a right obturator herniorrhaphy.
CNNFlow: Memory-driven Data Flow Optimization for Convolutional Neural Networks (2022)

Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely deployed in computer vision applications. The datasets are large, and the data reuse across different parts is heavily interleaved. Given that memory access (SRAM and especially DRAM) is more expensive in both performance and energy than computation, maximizing data reuse to reduce data movement across the memory hierarchy is critical to improving execution efficiency. This is even more important for the common use case of CNNs on mobile devices where computing/memory resources are limited. We propose CNNFlow, a memory-driven dataflow optimization framework to automatically schedule CNN computation on a given CNN architecture to maximize data reuse at each level of the memory hierarchy. We provide a mathematical calculation for data reuses in terms of parameters including loop ordering, blocking, and memory-bank allocation for tensors in CNN. We then present a series of techniques that help prune the large search space and reduce the cost of the exploration. This provides, for the first time, an exact and practical search algorithm for optimal solutions to minimize memory access cost for CNN. The efficacy is demonstrated for two widely used CNN algorithms: AlexNet and VGG16 with 5 and 13 convolution layers, respectively. CNNFlow finds the optimal solution for each layer within tens of minutes of compute time. Its solution requires about 20% fewer DRAM accesses and 40%–80% fewer SRAM accesses compared to state-of-the-art algorithms in the literature.
The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi (2023)

Fungi are widely exploited for large-scale production in the biotechnological industry to produce a diverse range of substances due to their versatility and relative ease of growing on various substrates. The occurrence of a phenomenon-the so-called fungal strain degeneration-leads to the spontaneous loss or decline of production capacity and results in an economic loss on a tremendous scale. Some of the most commonly applied genera of fungi in the biotechnical industry, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, are threatened by this phenomenon. Although fungal degeneration has been known for almost a century, the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms still need to be understood. The proposed mechanisms causing fungi to degenerate can be of genetic or epigenetic origin. Other factors, such as culture conditions, stress, or aging, were also reported to have an influence. This mini-review addresses the topic of fungal degeneration by describing examples of productivity losses in biotechnical processes using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further, potential reasons, circumvention, and prevention methods are discussed. This is the first mini-review which provides a comprehensive overview on this phenomenon in biotechnologically used fungi, and it also includes a collection of strategies that can be useful to minimize economic losses which can arise from strain degeneration. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous loss of productivity is evident in many fungi used in biotechnology. • The properties and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are very versatile. • Only studying these underlying mechanisms enables the design of a tailored solution.
Modeling Bit Flipping Decoding Based on Nonorthogonal Check Sums With Application to Iterative Decoding Attack of McEliece Cryptosystem (2007)

In this correspondence, iteration-1 of bit flipping decoding based on a set of nonorthogonal check sums is analyzed for both regular and irregular models. In particular, the tradeoff between the Hamming weight (and overlapping) of the check sums and the number of redundant check sums required to start converging under iterative decoding is investigated. The model is then applied to an iterative attack of McEliece public-key cryptosystem since a successful attack of this system can be achieved by algebraic bounded distance decoding of a random code. Based on this model, the attack can be decomposed into two phases: a preprocessing phase which, for one particular key kappa, consists of finding a sufficiently large set S of check sums up to a certain Hamming weight, and a bit flipping decoding phase which uses the set S for each message encrypted with the key kappa
Odanacatib Restores Trabecular Bone of Skeletally Mature Female Rabbits With Osteopenia but Induces Brittleness of Cortical Bone: A Comparative Study of the Investigational Drug With PTH, Estrogen, and Alendronate (2018)

A reader of the JBMR informed the editors about concern regarding a possible duplicate image in Fig. 7E in Khan and colleagues. (1) The editors sought an explanation from the authors for this possible panel duplication.The authors acknowledge an error made in assembling the data from the apoptosis experiment in Fig. 7 in which one panel was erroneously included twice and the bright field images were omitted.This erratum corrects wording in the Materials and Methods section and in Fig. 7.The authors regret the error in the 10nM representative panel. TUNEL assayPhotomicrographs of the cells for TUNEL red fluorescence and corresponding bright field were taken (Nikon Eclipse Ni-U; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).Image-Pro plus 6.1 software was used for quantification of TUNEL-positive cells from random fields by two independent researchers blinded to experimental design, and apoptosis was expressed as number of TUNEL-positive cells 100/total cells per field.The authors also regret a typographical error on p. 620 (left panel of text, lines 3 to 5), which should be read as "vBMD of femur metaphysis was reduced in the OVX vehicle, OVX E2, and OVX ALD groups when compared with the sham group (Fig. 4A)." [instead of Fig. 2A]
Bulk properties of iron isotopes (2007)

Nuclear level densities and radiative strength functions (RSFs) in 56Fe and 57Fe were measured using the 57Fe(3He, αγ) and 57Fe(3He, 3He′γ) reactions, respectively, at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory. A low-energy enhancement in the RSF below 4-MeV energy was observed. This finding cannot be explained by common theoretical models. In a second experiment, two-step cascade intensities with soft primary transitions from the 56Fe(n, 2γ) reaction were measured. The agreement between the two experiments confirms the low-energy enhancement in the RSFs. In a third experiment, the neutron evaporation spectrum from the 55Mn(d, n)56Fe reaction was measured at 7-MeV deuteron energy at the John Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University. Comparison of the level density of 56Fe obtained from the first and third experiments gives an overall good agreement. Furthermore, observed enhancement for soft γ rays is strengthened by the last experiment.
An in vitro evaluation of browser and grazer fermentation efficiency and microbiota using European moose spring and summer foods (2018)

Evolutionary morphological and physiological differences between browsers and grazers contribute to species-specific digestion efficiency of food resources. Rumen microbial community structure of browsers is supposedly adapted to characteristic nutrient composition of the diet source. If this assumption is correct, domesticated ruminants, or grazers, are poor model animals for assessing the nutritional value of food consumed by browsing game species. In this study, typical spring and summer foods of the European moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) were combined with rumen fluid collected from both dairy cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) and from moose, with the aim of comparing fermentation efficiency and microbial community composition. The nutritional value of the food resources was characterized by chemical analysis and advanced in vitro measurements. The study also addressed whether or not feed evaluation based on in vitro techniques with cattle rumen fluid as inoculum could be a practical alternative when evaluating the nutritional value of plants consumed by wild browsers. Our results suggest that the fermentation characteristics of moose spring and summer food are partly host-specific and related to the contribution of the bacterial phyla <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteriodetes</i> to the rumen microbial community. Host-specific adaptations of the ruminal microbial community structure could be explained from the evolutionary adaptations related to feeding habitats and morphophysiological differences between browsers and grazers. However, the observed overall differences in microbial community structure could not be related to ruminal digestion parameters measured in vitro. The in vitro evaluation of digestion efficiency reveals that equal amounts of methane were produced across all feed samples regardless of whether the ruminal fluid was from moose or dairy cow. The results of this study suggested that the nutritional value of browsers' spring and summer food can be predicted using rumen fluid from domesticated grazers as inoculum in in vitro assessments of extent of digestion when excluding samples of the white water lily root, but not of fermentation characteristics as indicated by the proportions of individual fermentation fatty acids to the total of volatile fatty acids.
Dichlorotrifluoromethoxyacetic Acid: Preparation and Reactivity (2017)

We describe the first gram scale preparation of the reagent dichlorotrifluoromethoxyacetic acid. This stable compound is obtained in five steps starting from the cheap diethylene glycol. The reactivity of the sodium salt of this fluorinated acid was also tested and allowed the preparation of new amides.
An RNA guanine quadruplex regulated pathway to TRAIL-sensitization by DDX21 (2019)

DDX21 is a newly discovered RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) binding protein with no known biological rG4 targets. In this study we used label-free proteomic MS/MS to identify 26 proteins that are expressed at significantly different levels in cells expressing an rG4-binding deficient DDX21 (M4). MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013501. From this list we validate MAGED2 as a protein that is regulated by DDX21 through rG4 in its 5'-UTR. MAGED2 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, are reduced by half in cells expressing DDX21 M4. MAGED2 has a repressive effect on TRAIL-R2 expression that is relieved under these conditions, resulting in elevated TRAIL-R2 mRNA and protein in MCF-7 cells, rendering them sensitive to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our work identifies the role of DDX21 in regulation at the translational level through biologically relevant rG4 and shows that MAGED2 protein levels are regulated, at least in part, by the potential to form rG4 in their 5'-UTRs.
Nano chamber fabrication on an acrylic plate by direct nano imprint lithography using quartz mold (2002)

Nano-imprint lithography (S.Chou et al, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. vol. B14, p. 4129-4133, 1996) is a promising technology for nano structure fabrication with low cost. Several applications have been reported, whose targets are mainly fabrication of Si ULSI or other electric devices. In this work, we demonstrate nano holes fabrication on an acrylic plate using a quartz mold. The imprinted patterns could be applied to nano chambers for DNA analysis or anti-reflection structures for diffractive optical elements.
A case-control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash) (2010)

The results described in the present investigation are first to demonstrate a neuroradiographic difference between neck pain patients with and without a recent history of whiplash trauma. The results of prior research on psychosocial causes of chronic pain following whiplash are likely confounded because of a failure to account for a possible neuropathologic basis for the symptoms.
Diagnostic en ligne d’un système de pile à combustible à membrane polymère par logique floue et spectroscopie d’impedance électrochimique (2014)

Diagnostic en ligne d’un système de pile à combustible à membrane polymère par logique floue et spectroscopie d’impedance électrochimique
Biomimetic Syntheses and Antiproliferative Activities of Racemic, Natural (−), and Unnnatural (+) Glyceollin I (2011)

A 14-step biomimetic synthetic route to glyceollin I (1.5% overall yield) was developed and deployed to produce the natural enantiomeric form in soy, its unnatural stereoisomer, and a racemic mixture. Enantiomeric excess was assessed by asymmetric NMR shift reagents and chiral HPLC. Antiproliferative effects were measured in human breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer cell lines, with all three chiral forms exhibiting growth inhibition (GI) in the low to mid μM range for all cells. The natural enantiomer, and in some cases the racemate, gave significantly greater GI than the unnatural stereoisomer for estrogen receptor positive (ER(+)) versus ER(-) breast/ovarian cell lines as well as for androgen receptor positive (AR(+)) versus AR(-) prostate cancer cells. Surprisingly, differences between ER(+) and ER(-) cell lines were not altered by media estrogen conditions. These results suggest the antiproliferative mechanism of glyceollin I stereoisomers may be more complicated than strictly ER interactions.
Laplacian Regularized Nonnegative Representation for Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction (2020)

Self-representation methods, such as low-rank representation (LRR), sparse subspace clustering (SSC) and their variants may generate negative coding coefficients since there is no explicit nonnegative constraint. These negative coefficients lack physical meaning. To be specific, it is unreasonable to allow a query sample encoded by heterogeneous samples to cancel each other out with subtractions. In this paper, we propose a novel model named Laplacian regularized nonnegative representation (LapNR). The new model improves its physical interpretability by ensuring that the query sample should be approximated from homogeneous samples and irrelevant to heterogeneous ones. More importantly, it captures the geometric information of input data by imposing the graph Laplacian to the nonnegative representations. As a result, the representation matrix generated by our LapNR model becomes sparse and discriminative. Based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), an efficient optimization procedure is developed for LapNR. The extensive experiments on clustering and dimensionality reduction tasks show the effectiveness and efficiency of our LapNR.
Characterization of Densin-180, a New Brain-Specific Synaptic Protein of theO-Sialoglycoprotein Family (1996)

We purified an abundant protein of apparent molecular mass 180 kDa from the postsynaptic density fraction of rat forebrain and obtained amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides generated from the protein. The sequences were used to design a strategy for cloning the cDNA encoding the protein by polymerase chain reaction. The open reading frame of the cDNA encodes a novel protein of predicted molecular mass 167 kDa. We have named the protein densin-180. Antibodies raised against the predicted amino and carboxyl sequences of densin-180 recognize a 180 kDa band on immunoblots that is enriched in the postsynaptic density fraction. Immunocytochemical localization of densin-180 in dissociated hippocampal neuronal cultures shows that the protein is highly concentrated at synapses along dendrites. The message encoding densin-180 is brain specific and is more abundant in forebrain than in cerebellum. The sequence of densin-180 contains 17 leucine-rich repeats, a sialomucin domain, an apparent transmembrane domain, and a PDZ domain. This arrangement of domains is similar to that of several adhesion molecules, in particular GPIbalpha, which mediates binding of platelets to von Willebrand factor. We propose that densin-180 participates in specific adhesion between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes at glutamatergic synapses.
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Tuning of Dirhodium(II) Complexes: Exploring the Axial Modification (2012)

Abstract Review: 109 refs.
Development of a MEMS based wearable motion capture system (2009)

Nowadays the opportunity to have a smart human motion tracking systems represents an interesting instrument in a wide range of advanced application, such as gaming, augmented reality, telemedicine, rehabilitation and many other human machine interaction applications. In this paper the authors want to propose system architecture to implement a wearable system for real-time human motion capture. The presented system are based on a network of smart inertial measurement units (IMUs) distributed on the human body to estimate the orientation of the limbs. Each of these modules is provided by miniature MEMS 3-axes accelerometer, three MEMS gyroscopes, a MEMS 3-axes magnetometer, and a MCU for collecting measurements from the sensors and compute the orientation through a customized Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for sensor fusion.
A 32 x 32 capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer array manufactured in standard CMOS (2012)

As ultrasound imagers become increasingly portable and lower cost, breakthroughs in transducer technology will be needed to provide high-resolution, real-time 3-D imaging while maintaining the affordability needed for portable systems. This paper presents a 32 x 32 ultrasound array prototype, manufactured using a CMUT-in-CMOS approach whereby ultrasonic transducer elements and readout circuits are integrated on a single chip using a standard integrated circuit manufacturing process in a commercial CMOS foundry. Only blanket wet-etch and sealing steps are added to complete the MEMS devices after the CMOS process. This process typically yields better than 99% working elements per array, with less than ±1.5 dB variation in receive sensitivity among the 1024 individually addressable elements. The CMUT pulseecho frequency response is typically centered at 2.1 MHz with a -6 dB fractional bandwidth of 60%, and elements are arranged on a 250 μm hexagonal grid (less than half-wavelength pitch). Multiplexers and CMOS buffers within the array are used to make on-chip routing manageable, reduce the number of physical output leads, and drive the transducer cable. The array has been interfaced to a commercial imager as well as a set of custom transmit and receive electronics, and volumetric images of nylon fishing line targets have been produced.
Biodistribution of the Radioprotective Drug 35 S-Labeled 3-Amino-2-Hydroxypropyl Phosphorothioate (WR77913) (1985)

3-Amino-2-hydroxypropyl phosphorothioate (WR77913), a less toxic phosphorothioate radioprotector than WR2721, has been labeled with 35S. The biodistribution of a radioprotective dose of 800 mg/kg was determined in C3H mice bearing RIF-1 tumors as a function of time after intraperitoneal injection and was expressed as percentage injected dose/gram (% ID/g). Levels of 35S in the blood peaked 10 min after injection, and radioactivity in most tissues was highest at 15 min. Label in most tissues declined markedly between 15 and 60 min, but in gut, salivary glands, tumor, and brain, the levels of radioactivity remained quite stable over 1 hr. At 30 min after injection the highest levels of labeled drug were found in submandibular salivary glands, gut, and kidney, with the lowest level in brain. Tumors had approximately the same amount of label as blood, muscle, skin, and esophagus. Two principal differences between the distribution of label from WR77913 and WR2721 were defined. Although blood levels of 35S-WR2721 also peaked 10 min after injection, the 10-min blood levels achieved for WR77913 were more than fourfold greater than those attained by WR2721. Maximum levels of WR2721 occurred in most tissues 30 to 60 min after administration of the drug, compared to 15 min for WR77913. The basis for these differences remains to be determined, but these results suggest that the optimum interval between administration of WR77913 and irradiation may be shorter than for WR2721.
Vehicle Integrated Non-Intrusive Monitoring of Driver Biological Signals (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A vehicle integrated sensing and analysis system has been designed, implemented, and demonstrated to nonintrusively monitor several biological signals of the driver. The biological driver signals measured by the system are the heart electrical signals or pseudo Lead-I electrocardiography (pLI-ECG), the galvanic skin response (GSR) or electrical conductance measured from the driver's fingers to palm, the palm skin temperature, the face skin temperature, and the respiration rate. The pLI-ECG and GSR measurements are made through direct contact of the driver hands with stainless steel electrodes integrated in the steering wheel rim. The temperature measurements are made with non-contacting infrared temperature sensors, also located on the steering wheel. The respiration rate was measured using a flexible thin film piezoelectric sensor affixed to the seatbelt. This system was installed in a test car and on-road driving was performed to assess the effectiveness of the integrated systems in continuously monitoring these biometric parameters over a range of driving conditions. Signals were processed in real time to estimate the short term driver heart rate and breathing rate and all analog signals were stored for additional post processing. Comparisons of the biological signals obtained from this vehicle integrated system were made with those simultaneously obtained from a medical grade measurement system. The signals from the integrated biological monitoring system may be used for assessing driver performance as a function of driver wellness, workload and stress.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Finite state machine optimization algorithms for pipelined data path controllers (2002)

Algorithms for generating an optimal finite state machine (FSM) implementation of pipelined data path controllers are presented. The groups of states are partitioned into two, states are encoded, and each partition is mapped onto one PLA to form a two-PLA based Moore-style FSM state sequencer. The experimental results show that substantial savings in layout area can be achieved compared to published traditional FSM optimization approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>