gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extractors for Near Logarithmic Min-Entropy (2016)

The main contribution of this work is an explicit construction of extractors for near logarithmic min-entropy. For any δ > 0 we construct an extractor for O(1/δ) n-bit sources with min-entropy (logn) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1+δ</sup> . This is most interesting when δ is set to a small constant, though the result also yields an extractor for O(log logn) sources with logarithmic min-entropy. Prior to this work, the best explicit extractor in terms of supporting least-possible min-entropy, due to Li (FOCS'15), requires min-entropy (logn) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+δ</sup> from its O(1/δ) sources. Further, all current techniques for constructing multi-source extractors "break" below min-entropy (log n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In fact, existing techniques do not provide even a disperser for o(log n) sources each with min-entropy (log n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.99</sup> . Apart from being a natural problem, supporting logarithmic min-entropy has applications to combinatorics. A two-source disperser, let alone an extractor, for min-entropy O(log n) induces a (log, nO(1))-Ramsey graph on n vertices. Thus, constructing such dispersers would be a significant step towards constructively matching Erdös' proof for the existence of (2log n)-Ramsey graphs on n vertices. Our construction does not rely on the sophisticated primitives that were key to the substantial recent progress on multi-source extractors, such as non-malleable extractors, correlation breakers, the lightest-bin condenser, or extractors for non-oblivious bit-fixing sources, although some of these primitives can be combined with our construction so to improve the output length and the error guarantee. Instead, at the heart of our construction is a new primitive called an independence-preserving merger. The construction of the latter builds on the alternating extraction technique.
Connecting to the Internet Securely; Protecting Home Networks CIAC-2324 (2002)

With more and more people working at home and connecting to company networks via the Internet, the risk to company networks to intrusion and theft of sensitive information is growing. Working from home has many positive advantages for both the home worker and the company they work for. However, as companies encourage people to work from home, they need to start considering the interaction of the employee's home network and the company network he connects to. This paper discusses problems and solutions related to protection of home computers from attacks on those computers via the network connection. It does not consider protection of those systems from people who have physical access to the computers nor does it consider company laptops taken on-the-road. Home networks are often targeted by intruders because they are plentiful and they are usually not well secured. While companies have departments of professionals to maintain and secure their networks, home networks are maintained by the employee who may be less knowledgeable about network security matters. The biggest problems with home networks are that: Home networks are not designed to be secure and may use technologies (wireless) that are not secure; The operating systems are not secured when they are installed; The operating systems and applications are not maintained (for security considerations) after they are installed; and The networks are often used for other activities that put them at risk for being compromised. Home networks that are going to be connected to company networks need to be cooperatively secured by the employee and the company so they do not open up the company network to intruders. Securing home networks involves many of the same operations as securing a company network: Patch and maintain systems; Securely configure systems; Eliminate unneeded services; Protect remote logins; Use good passwords; Use current antivirus software; and Moderate your Internet usage habits. Most of these items do not take a lot of work, but require an awareness of the risks involved in not doing them or doing them incorrectly. The security of home networks and communications with company networks can be significantly improved by adding an appropriate software or hardware firewall to the home network and using a protected protocol such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), a Virtual Private Network (VPN), or Secure Shell (SSH) for connecting to the company network.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (HALS) With the HandPort System (2000)

The hand-assisted technique appeared to be useful in minimally invasive colorectal surgery, splenectomy for splenomegaly, living-related donor nephrectomy, and procedures considered too complex for a laparoscopic approach. This approach provides excellent means to explore, to retract safely, and to apply immediate hemostasis when needed. Although the data presented here reflect the authors' initial experience, they compare favorably with series of similar procedures performed purely laparoscopically.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Computational Identification of a p38<sup>SAPK</sup>-Regulated Transcription Factor Network Required for Tumor Cell Quiescence (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Computational Identification of a p38&lt;sup&gt;SAPK&lt;/sup&gt;-Regulated Transcription Factor Network Required for Tumor Cell Quiescence
Adaptivity of voltage-controlled oscillators - theory and design (2005)

Analog RF front-end circuits are typically designed to perform one specific task, while key parameters such as dynamic range, bandwidth and selectivity are fixed by the hardware design and not by the communication system in an adaptive way. As a result, today's receiver topologies are designed to function under the most stringent conditions, which increases circuit complexity and power consumption. However, the conditions under which the RF circuits operate are not fixed but vary widely and depend upon a multitude of factors. Therefore, a concept of design for adaptivity is introduced in this paper. It establishes a trajectory for an all-round performance characterization of adaptive oscillators with an explicit qualitative and quantitative description of all the existing relations and tradeoffs among the oscillator performance parameters. As a proof of concept, an 800-MHz adaptive voltage-controlled oscillator is designed with phase-noise tuning range of 7 dB and more than a factor 3 saving in power consumption, suitable for unobtrusive mobile equipment, foreseen to operate in this band.
Use of fractal dimension and lacunarity as texture attributes on seismic interpretation (2012)

This paper presents a methodology for the use of fractal textural attributes (fractal dimension and lacunarity) as a tool to discriminate texture facies on seismic data. Two examples are provided where this procedure allows the differentiation of salt bodies based on texture variations on seismic sections.
Static and dynamic assessment of myocardial perfusion by computed tomography (2016)

Recent developments in computed tomography (CT) technology have fulfilled the prerequisites for the clinical application of myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) imaging. The evaluation of myocardial perfusion by CT can be achieved by static or dynamic scan acquisitions. Although both approaches have proved clinically feasible, substantial barriers need to be overcome before its routine clinical application. The current review provides an outline of the current status of CTP imaging and also focuses on disparities between static and dynamic CTPs for the evaluation of myocardial blood flow.
Addition of pioglitazone to stable insulin therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: results of a double‐blind, multicentre, randomized study (2005)

In patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, addition of pioglitazone to insulin significantly improved glycaemic control, had a positive effect on important components of the lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner and was generally well tolerated.
High performance 22/20nm FinFET CMOS devices with advanced high-K/metal gate scheme (2010)

A high performance 22/20nm CMOS bulk FinFET achieves the best in-class N/P I<inf>on</inf> values of 1200/1100 &#x00B5;A/&#x00B5;m for I<inf>off</inf>=100nA/&#x00B5;m at 1V. Excellent device electrostatic control is demonstrated for gate length (L<inf>gate</inf>) down to 20nm. Dual-Epitaxy and multiple stressors are essential to boost the device performance. Dual workfunction (WF) with an advanced High-K/Metal gate (HK/MG) stack is deployed in an integration-friendly CMOS process flow. This dual-WF approach provides excellent V<inf>th</inf> roll-off immunity in the short-channel regime that allows properly positioning the long-channel device V<inf>th</inf>. Enhanced 193nm immersion lithography has enabled the stringent requirements of the 22/20nm ground rules. Reliability of our advanced HK/MG stack is promising. Excellent SRAM static noise margin at 0.45V is reported.
An antibody validation scheme for immunofluorescence using gene tagging (2016)

This thesis describes the use of antibodies and immunofluorescence for subcellular localization of proteins. The key objective is the creation of an open-source atlas with information on the subcellular location of every human protein. Knowledge of the spatial distribution and the precise location of a protein within a cell is important for its functional characterization, and describing the human proteome in terms of compartment proteomes is important to decipher cellular organization and function. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of cultured cells were used for high-resolution detection of proteins on a high-throughput scale. Critical to immunofluorescence results are sample preparation and specific antibodies. Antibody staining of cells requires fixation and permeabilization, both of which can result in loss or redistribution of proteins and masking of epitopes. A high-throughput approach demands a standardized protocol suitable for the majority of proteins across cellular compartments. Paper I presents an evaluation of sample preparation techniques from which such a single fixation and permeabilization protocol was optimized. Paper II describes the results from applying this protocol to 4000 human proteins in three cell lines of different origin. Paper III presents a strategy for application-specific antibody validation. Antibodies are the key reagents in immunofluorescence, but all antibodies have potential for off-target binding and should be validated thoroughly. Antibody performance varies across sample types and applications due to the competition present and the effect of the sample preparation on antigen accessibility. In this paper application-specific validation for immunofluorescence was conducted using colocalization with fluorescently tagged protein in transgenic cell lines.
A gold nanocomposite made soluble in both water and oil by the addition of a second adsorption layer of poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone on gold nanoparticles that have been made hydrophobic (2005)

A kind of nanocomposite with hydrophobic nanogold as the core and an absorption layer of poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) molecules surrounding it has been prepared. The nanocomposite can be dispersed well in both water and organic solvent. In water media it disperses over a pH range from 1 to 14, while in organic media the desorption of PVP results in the nanoparticles becoming hydrophobic; the enhancement of the viscosity caused by the PVP solution causes the hydrophobic sol to have very good kinetic stability. The particles can be switched repeatedly between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis have been used to study the multilayer protection mechanism.
Biomedical NiTi and β-Ti Alloys: From Composition, Microstructure and Thermo-Mechanics to Application (2022)

A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two of the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination of neutron diffraction, neutron prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis and mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure and physical-chemical-mechanical properties to unknown processing history. The commercial specimens studied are rectangular (0.43 × 0.64 mm~0.017 × 0.025 inch) wires, in both pre-formed U-shape and straight extended form. Practical performance was quantitatively linked to the influence of alloying elements, microstructure and thermo-mechanical processing. Results demonstrated that the microstructure and phase composition of β-Ti strongly depended on the composition, phase-stabilizing elements in particular, in that the 10.2 wt.% Mo content in Azdent resulted in 41.2% α phase, while Ormco with 11.6 wt.% Mo contained only β phase. Although the existence of α phase is probable in the meta-stable alloy, the α phase has never been quantified before. Further, the phase transformation behavior of NiTi directly arose from the microstructure, whilst being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. A strong correlation (r = 0.878) was established between phase transformation temperature and the force levels observed in bending test at body temperature, reconfirming that structure determines performance, while also being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. The novel methodology described is evidenced as generating a predictive profile of the eventual biomechanical properties and practical performance of the commercial materials. Overall, the work encompasses a reproducible and comprehensive approach expected to aid in future optimization and rational design of devices of metallic origin.
153 NEO-PTC-01 (BNT-221), an autologous neoantigen-specific T-cell product for adoptive cell therapy of metastatic melanoma (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that are important in the anti-tumor immune response. These antigens are not subject to central immune tolerance and are therefore potentially more immunogenic than tumor-associated antigens. NEO-STIM<sup>®</sup>, our propriety <i>ex vivo</i> induction process, was developed to generate T-cell products specific to these neoantigens from the peripheral blood of patient. Here, we present the results of a proof of concept, pre-clinical study with multiple successful process engineering runs generating a neoantigen-specific T-cell product (NEO-PTC-01) using leukaphereses from metastatic melanoma patients. These products contain specific T-cell responses targeting multiple neoantigens from each individual patient‘s tumor. <h3>Methods</h3> Patient-specific neoantigens were predicted using our RECON<sup>®</sup> bioinformatics platform. Predicted high-quality neoantigens were utilized in our <i>ex vivo</i> stimulation protocol, NEO-STIM, in the process engineering runs of NEO-PTC-01. NEO-STIM is used to prime, activate and expand memory and de novo T-cell responses from both the CD4<sup>+</sup> and the CD8<sup>+</sup> compartment. High throughput flow cytometric analysis was performed to characterize the specificity and functionality (cytokine production and cytolytic capacity) of the induced T-cell responses. <h3>Results</h3> Here we present the successful induction of 4–5 CD8<sup>+</sup> and 4–7 CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses per patient, generated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple melanoma patients during these successful process engineering runs. We then extensively characterized these T-cell responses and demonstrate that these responses are functional, specific and have cytolytic capacity. Moreover, the induced T cells can recognize autologous tumor. <h3>Conclusions</h3> NEO-STIM is a novel platform that generates <i>ex vivo</i> T-cell responses to high-quality neoantigen targets. NEO-PTC-01, the neoantigen-specific T cell product generated from this process, is a potent adoptive cell therapy targeting multiple immunogenic neoantigens in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Surface soil characterization of explosives and metals at the Land Force Central Area Training Centre (LFCA TC) Meaford, Ontario (Phase 2) Final report (2009)

Abstract : This work describes the second evaluation of the impacts of the live fire training at the Land Force Central Area Training Centre (LFCA TC) Meaford, Ontario (Phase II). This study was conducted in August 2008 by DRDC Valcartier for Director Land Environment (DLE) to complete the evaluation of the soil contamination by explosives and metals. In parallel, the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) conducted sampling and analysis of surface water and groundwater for metals and explosives and produced two separate reports describing the results from their Phase I and II. In our study, most of the ranges at LFCA TC Meaford were sampled during the September 2007 campaign. In August 2008, nine ranges were sampled to complete our understanding of the explosives and/or metals contamination. More precisely, the Apeldorn grenade range was re-visited to confirm metal concentrations observed during Phase I, the Caen range was re-sampled to confirm propellant residues concentrations while Cambrai target positions were re-sampled to examine the high selenium concentrations found during Phase I. In Cassino, small arms target positions were evaluated for metal concentrations while the 40 mm impact area was evaluated for energetic concentrations. The urban assault portion of Ortona range was sampled for energetics while Normandy, Position 409 and the Gravel Pit were sampled for energetics and metals. Finally, it was not possible to sample the stop butt of the impact area. Forty one soil samples were collected and analysed, including 21 for energetic materials, 20 for metals and one for perchlorate analyses. The 20 soil background samples taken for the metals evaluation during Phase I served again for comparison purposes. Metal analyses were done using Inductively Coupled Plasma /Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) and explosives concentrations were determined using the High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method EPA 8330b.
Impact of Raman scattering and modulation instability on the performances of Brillouin sensors (2011)

The impact of Raman scattering and modulation instability is studied in Brillouin time-domain analysis systems. It turns out to be very detrimental for long-range sensing as a result of the extended interaction length combined to the high pump peak pulse power. The conditions under which these effects limit the sensing range are determined and the modeling is very well confirmed by experimental results.
Immunochemical Analysis of Active and Inactive Antithrombin III (1980)

Antithrombin III (AT) levels from normal and AT deficiency persons were measured by electroimmunoassay (EIA) and the results compared with a chromogenic assay (S2238). Discrepant results were obtained when plasma and serum were compared using one antiserum, and therefore did not always relate to functional activity. Another antiserum, however, when used was capable of differentiating active AT from inactive AT complexed with its proteases and demonstrated close correlation with all samples tested (r=0.97). The specificity of the antisera and consequent anomalous results were elucidated when purified human thrombin was added to plasma samples and subsequently reanalysed. Quantitative differences observed when serum samples were compared by single radial immunodiffusion and electroimmunoassay with one antiserum, illustrates the fundamental principle differences between the two methods. These results give some insight as to why previous anomalies with AT immunoassays have occurred. They also indicate that plasma and not serum should be used as clinical test material. AT antisera should be capable of recognizing and distinguishing free AT from AT/protease complexes if the results obtained by electroimmunoassay are to correlate with functional activity.
Revisiting spatial distribution and biochemical composition of calcium-containing crystals in human osteoarthritic articular cartilage (2013)

CaC crystal deposition is a widespread phenomenon in human OA articular cartilage involving the entire knee cartilage including macroscopically normal and less weight-bearing zones. Cartilage calcification is associated with altered expression of genes involved in the mineralisation process.
JML-based verification of liveness properties on a class in isolation (2006)

This paper proposes a way to verify temporal properties of a Java class in an extension of JML (Java Modeling Language) called JTPL (Java Temporal Pattern Language). We particularly address the verification of liveness properties by automatically translating the temporal properties into JML annotations for this class. This automatic translation is implemented in a tool called JAG (JML Annotation Generator). Correctness of the generated annotations ensures that the temporal property is established for the executions of the class in isolation.
Validation of contour-driven thin-plate splines for tracking fraction-to-fraction changes in anatomy and radiation therapy dose mapping (2005)

The goal of this study is to validate a deformable model using contour-driven thin-plate splines for application to radiation therapy dose mapping. Our testing includes a virtual spherical phantom as well as real computed tomography (CT) data from ten prostate cancer patients with radio-opaque markers surgically implanted into the prostate and seminal vesicles. In the spherical mathematical phantom, homologous control points generated automatically given input contour data in CT slice geometry were compared to homologous control point placement using analytical geometry as the ground truth. The dose delivered to specific voxels driven by both sets of homologous control points were compared to determine the accuracy of dose tracking via the deformable model. A 3D analytical spherically symmetric dose distribution with a dose gradient of approximately 10% per mm was used for this phantom. This test showed that the uncertainty in calculating the delivered dose to a tissue element depends on slice thickness and the variation in defining homologous landmarks, where dose agreement of 3-4% in high dose gradient regions was achieved. In the patient data, radio-opaque marker positions driven by the thin-plate spline algorithm were compared to the actual marker positions as identified in the CT scans. It is demonstrated that the deformable model is accurate (approximately 2.5 mm) to within the intra-observer contouring variability. This work shows that the algorithm is appropriate for describing changes in pelvic anatomy and for the dose mapping application with dose gradients characteristic of conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy.
Synthesis of (Bi,Nd)4(Ti,Ge)3O12Thin Films by Chemical Solution Deposition (2003)

Ferroelectric (Bi,Nd)4Ti3O12-based thin films were synthesized by chemical solution deposition. In this study, Ge substitution for the Ti site in (Bi,Nd)4Ti3O12 was studied for the improvement of microstructural and ferroelectric properties of low-temperature-annealed thin films. Bi3.35Nd0.75Ti3-xGexO12 thin films crystallized into the Bi4Ti3O12 phase above 600°C. The surface morphology of Bi3.35Nd0.75Ti3-xGexO12 thin films was greatly improved by optimizing the amount of Ge substitution compared with that of nonsubstituted Bi3.35Nd0.75Ti3O12 films. In addition, the Bi3.35Nd0.75Ti2.9Ge0.1O12 thin films were found to show excellent ferroelectric properties after crystallization even at 600°C.