gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics of nematic liquid crystal display devices (1971)

Display devices using nematic liquid crystal materials offer advantages over other display media in low-voltage low-power operation, cost of materials and fabrication methods, electrical compatibility with MOS drive circuits, and flexibility of character size and format. This paper describes liquid crystal display devices that utilize dynamic scattering to modify transmitted or reflected light. We have synthesized individual materials that have nematic temperature ranges as large as -15-115°C without super-cooling effects at low temperatures. When these materials are used in transmissive displays having liquid crystal layers 12 µm thick sandwiched between transparent electrodes, contrast ratios of 30:1 to 50:1 are realized at 10-40 V dc or ac with a current density of ∼1-10 µA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Turn-on times are 10-50 ms and turn-off times are 30-100 ms, precise values being dependent on the specific material, temperature, and voltage used. The contrast ratio versus voltage exhibits a threshold so that it may be possible to matrix address liquid crystal display panels. Operating lifetime and display applications are also discussed.
Ranges of the 0.3–2 MeV H+and 0.7–2 MeV H+2ions in Si and Ge (1982)

Abstract The modal ranges of the 0.3–2 MeV H+ and 0.7–2 MeV H+ 2 ions in silicon and germanium have been determined by measuring with profilometers the depth of the craters arising in consequence of the exfoliative effect of the implanted hydrogen gas. The modal ranges deduced agree with those obtained from Monte Carlo calculations using the tabulated data for electronic stopping. The average ranges of the components of the H+ 2 molecule are within 5 % the same as equivalent proton ranges.
Elevated ratio of acylated to unacylated ghrelin in children and young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (2015)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by a switch from failure to thrive to excessive weight gain and hyperphagia in early childhood. Hyperghrelinemia may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of the switch. The purpose of this study is to evaluate acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) levels in PWS and investigate their associations with hyperphagia. This is a cross-sectional clinical study conducted in three PWS expert centers in the Netherlands and France. Levels of AG and UAG and the AG/UAG ratio were determined in 138 patients with PWS (0.2-29.4 years) and compared with 50 age-matched obese subjects (4.3-16.9 years) and 39 healthy controls (0.8-28.6 years). AEBSF was used to inhibit deacylation of AG. As a group, PWS patients had higher AG but similar UAG levels as healthy controls (AG 129.1 vs 82.4 pg/ml, p = 0.016; UAG 135.3 vs 157.3 pg/ml, resp.), resulting in a significantly higher AG/UAG ratio (1.00 vs 0.61, p = 0.001, resp.). Obese subjects had significantly lower AG and UAG levels than PWS and controls (40.3 and 35.3 pg/ml, resp.), but also a high AG/UAG ratio (1.16). The reason for the higher AG/UAG ratio in PWS and obese was, however, completely different, as PWS had a high AG and obese a very low UAG. PWS patients without weight gain or hyperphagia had a similar AG/UAG ratio as age-matched controls, in contrast to those with weight gain and/or hyperphagia who had an elevated AG/UAG ratio. The switch to excessive weight gain in PWS seems to coincide with an increase in the AG/UAG ratio, even prior to the start of hyperphagia.
Automatic Recognition of Shoeprints using Fourier-Mellin Transform (2008)

This paper proposes a technique for automatically recognising shoeprint images for use in forensic science. The method uses the Fourier-Mellin transform to produce translation, rotation and scale invariant features. A two dimensional correlation is employed as the similarity metric for the classification process. Experiments were conducted on a database of 500 different shoeprint images representing a part of available shoes on the market. In order to test the robustness of the method, test images including different perturbations such as noise addition and cropping (partial shoeprints) were generated. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very practical providing attractive performance when processing distorted shoeprint images.
Synthesis and biological activities of some fused pyran derivatives (2011)

Ethyl benzoylacetate (1) reacted with 2-benzylidenemalanonitrile to afford the corresponding pyrane derivative (2). The latter compound reacted with 2-benzylidenemalanonitrile, carbon disulfide, formamide and benzylidene cyclohexanone, respectively, to afford the corresponding pyrano derivatives (3–6). Compound 2 reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to give compound (8) which cyclized to compound (9) in the presence of sodium ethoxide. Treatment of compound (2) with acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid afforded compound (7) which converted to compound (10) when reacted with ethylchloroacetate. Compound (10) reacted with sodium ethoxide to give compound (11). The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their analytical and spectral data.
Z-source inverter for adjustable speed drives (2003)

This paper presents a Z-source inverter system and control for adjustable speed drives (ASD). The Z-source inverter employs a unique LC network to couple the inverter main circuit to the diode front end. By controlling the shoot-through duty cycle, the Z-source can produce any desired output AC voltage, even greater than the line voltage. As results, the new Z-source inverter system provides ride-through capability under voltage sags, reduces line harmonics, and extends output voltage range. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the new features.
Effects of AT1 receptor antagonist therapy in patients with severe heart failure pretreated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. (2002)

The additional treatment with AT1 receptor antagonists resulted in an increase in the cardiac output and a decrease in the peripheral resistance. This beneficial effect may be due to the additional property of sartans to block the interaction of locally and non-ACE-generated angiotensin II with their respective vascular and myocardial AT1 receptors.
Compendiums of cancer transcriptomes for machine learning applications (2019)

There are massive transcriptome profiles in the form of microarray. The challenge is that they are processed using diverse platforms and preprocessing tools, requiring considerable time and informatics expertise for cross-dataset analyses. If there exists a single, integrated data source, data-reuse can be facilitated for discovery, analysis, and validation of biomarker-based clinical strategy. Here, we present merged microarray-acquired datasets (MMDs) across 11 major cancer types, curating 8,386 patient-derived tumor and tumor-free samples from 95 GEO datasets. Using machine learning algorithms, we show that diagnostic models trained from MMDs can be directly applied to RNA-seq-acquired TCGA data with high classification accuracy. Machine learning optimized MMD further aids to reveal immune landscape across various carcinomas critically needed in disease management and clinical interventions. This unified data source may serve as an excellent training or test set to apply, develop, and refine machine learning algorithms that can be tapped to better define genomic landscape of human cancers.
Changes in pulmonary surfactant and phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rats exposed to chrysotile asbestos dust (1977)

1. Pulmonary surfactant was isolated from rats that had been exposed to chrysotile asbestos dust for from 3 days to 15 weeks. 2. Asbestos-treated rats showed a progressive increase in amounts of surfactant. After 15 weeks, treated animals contained 4 times as much as non-treated. 3. No significant change was seen in the total protein or total fatty acid composition of surfactant with exposure. 4. The increase in surfactant phosphatidylcholine normally seen on maturation of rat lung was accelerated by exposure of animals to asbestos. 5. An increase in the activity of phosphorylcholine glyceride transferase in lung homogenates and free cell populations was found. 6. Lysosomal phospholipase A was relatively unaffected by dust exposure. 7. It is suggested that the increase in surfactant amounts could be due to an increase in its synthesis without a corresponding alteration in its degradation.
Promotion of fetal liver cell engraftment in irradiated mice by activated T lymphocytes. (1993)

The promoting effect of T lymphocytes on hematopoietic cell engraftment was studied in lethally irradiated CBA and Balb/c mice by transplantation of either liver cells from Balb/c fetuses (FLBalb) or FLBalb plus Balb/c T lymphocytes (TBalb). Additional groups of lethally irradiated CBA and Balb/c mice received T lymphocytes only, either from CBA (TCBA) or from Balb/c donors. Injection of TBalb lymphocytes had no effect on the splenic indices (SI) nor on the numbers of colony-forming units in the spleens (CFU-S) of FLBalb-transplanted Balb/c mice on day 7. In contrast, it increased these parameters in the CBA recipients of FLBalb in a T cell-dose dependent fashion and it stimulated their hematologic recovery on day 20 following irradiation. TCBA and TBalb lymphocytes transplanted alone did not induce CFU-S in syngeneic recipients but promoted the development of CFU-S of endogenous origin in the histoincompatible mice. The development of CFU-S was enhanced in the FLBalb-transplanted Balb/c mice by injection of TBalb lymphocytes previously stimulated in vitro with irradiated CBA splenocytes, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (conA). This effect was associated with an increased survival rate of the recipient mice. Daily injections for 6 days of a culture supernatant from a mixture of TBalb cells and irradiated CBA splenocytes, but not from irradiated CBA splenocytes alone, promoted the development of CFU-S in FLBalb-transplanted Balb/c recipients. However, the supernatant of stimulated TBalb cells was less efficient than the stimulated T cells themselves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Die Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG (2010)

A new model for describing electrocardiography (ECG) is presented, which is based on multiple dipoles compared to standard single dipole approaches in vector electrocardiography. The multiple dipole parameters are derived from real data (e.g. four dipoles from 12-channel ECG) by solving the backward problem of ECG numerically. Results are transformed to a waveform description based on Gaussian mixture for every dimension of each dipole. These compact parameterized descriptors are used for a very realistic real-time simulation applying the forward solution of the proposed model.
Effects of hydrophobic unit and its distribution on solution properties of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymer (1999)

A series of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymers with different monomer ratios and homogeneity in backbone distribution were synthesized and their solution properties studied. In water, the phase diagram curve is concave, with the lower critical solution temperature, due to the cooperation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic hydration. In order to make a substantially homogeneous copolymer, a new method to determine the monomer mole fraction is suggested. When the vinyl pyrrolidone to vinyl acetate mole ratio in the copolymer is close to unity, sequence distribution plays an important part in solution behavior. The more homogeneous the structure, the better the solubility in water, and the higher the cloud point. This is attributed to the balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic forces in solution. Copolymerization kinetic analysis on monomer conversions and turbidity measurement on poly(vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) solutions give consistent results to confirm this interpretation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 345–352, 1999
Temperature dependence of reversible field-induced strain and magnetization changes in Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals (2005)

The alloys close to stoichiometric Ni/sub 2/MnGa with Mn excess are prepared by a directional solidification method. Three single crystal alloys having 5M martensitic structure and exhibiting the magnetic shape memory effect (MSME) are studied at room temperature. The martensite-to-austenite transformation temperature varies from 314 K to 343 K. The MSME of the crystals or structural reorientation is then evaluated by simultaneous measurements of the magnetization and strain in slowly changing magnetic field at different temperatures and at a constant compressive stress. The magnetization changes observed during the MSME reflect the structural reorientation or martensitic variant redistribution of the crystals.
Hybrid cross approximation for electric field integral equation based scattering analysis (2017)

The hybrid cross approximation (HCA) algorithm is studied as an alternative means for the low-rank compression of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) operator. The HCA combines the advantages of both the interpolation and the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) based methods. It produces a much reduced rank as compared to the rank generated from an interpolation-based degenerate approximation. The rank's growth rate with electric size is also reduced to that of the ACA-based method. Meanwhile, it preserves the advantages of the interpolation-based method in reduced computation and better convergence. Numerical examples demonstrate that the HCA is computationally more efficient than pure ACA for the same prescribed accuracy in generating an H-representation of the EFIE operator.
AphidBase: a database for aphid genomic resources (2007)

http://w3.rennes.inra.fr/AphidBase.
PV-Li-ion-micropump membrane systems for portable personal desalination (2016)

This research presents a technical simulation of theoretically portable desalination systems utilising low-energy and lightweight components that are either commercially available or currently in development. The commercially available components are small-scale flexible and portable photovoltaic (PV) modules, Li-ion battery-converter units, and high pressure low voltage brushless DC motor-powered micropumps. The theoretical and conventional small-scale desalination membranes are compared against each other: low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO), nanofilters, graphene, graphene oxide, and graphyne technology. The systems were designed with the identical PV-Li-ion specifications and simulation data to quantify the energy available to power the theoretical energy demand for desalinating a saline water at 30,000–40,000 ppm total dissolved solid (TDS) to reliably supply the minimum target of 3.5 L d−1 of freshwater for one theoretical year. The results demonstrate that modern portable commercially available PV-battery systems and new generations of energy-efficient membranes under development have the potential to enable users to sustainably procure daily drinking water needs from saline/contaminated water resources, with the system exhibiting a net reduction in weight than carrying water itself.
Initiation and Management of Insulin Pump Therapy (1993)

Insulin infusion pump therapy is a treatment option that facilitates achieving improved blood glucose control and lifestyle flexibility. These advantages are derived from the physiologic mode of insulin delivery and the pharmacologic advantages of using rapid-acting insulin. Patients who are sufficiently motivated and capable can learn to use the pump so that insulin adjustments can be made to compensate for changing circumstances. Although there are potential risks and side effects of using an insulin pump, these can be avoided through proper education and surveillance. The health care provider should be knowledgeable about the management of infusion pump therapy, including assessment of patient capabilities and practices, education, insulin adjustment, and techniques of use. The knowledge assists the health care provider in counseling patients to consider pump therapy and to manage patients already employing this mode of insulin delivery.
Practice patterns in the use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty--insights from the Multinational Global Orthopaedic Registry (GLORY). (2010)

The Global Orthopaedic Registry (GLORY) offers insights into multinational practice patterns of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery, based on data from 15,020 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty or primary total hip arthroplasty from 2001 to 2004. Registry data show that the first choice for in-hospital VTE prophylaxis was low-molecular-weight heparin. Multimodal prophylaxis was common. Warfarin was more widely used in the USA than elsewhere in the world. GLORY data suggest that real-world practice often fails to meet the standards for prophylaxis recommended in the American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based guidelines, particularly in the USA. However, many US orthopedic surgeons may follow other practice guidelines, causing an underestimation of prophylaxis us in this study. Warfarin in the USA often failed to achieve recommended target International Normalized Ratio (INR) values. This paper reviews the GLORY practice findings in light of the contemporary literature on best practices for VTE prophylaxis in orthopedic patients.
Ballistic electron emission microscopy studies of ZnSe–BeTe heterojunctions (2002)

Ballistic electron and hole emission microscopies, have been used to probe Au/ZnSe/GaAs and Au/ZnSe/BeTe/GaAs (001) heterostructures as a function of the ZnSe/BeTe interface stoichiometry. Ballistic electron and hole transport into n- and p-type ZnSe epilayers, respectively, were observed with spectra that conformed well to theoretical behavior. The measured average voltage thresholds +1.25 (p type) and −1.41 V (n type) were in good agreement with previously observed values for the Au/ZnSe Schottky barrier heights and consistent with the value of the ZnSe direct band gap (2.67 eV). However, the ballistic transport into the BeTe conduction bands required to measure the ZnSe/BeTe conduction band offset was not confirmed. Time-dependent and spatial variations of the voltage thresholds were observed for p- and n-type diodes, with and without BeTe epilayers, and were presumed to be linked to switching Fermi level pinning positions from varying Au/ZnSe interface states densities.
A Photovoltaic Array Transformer-Less Inverter With Film Capacitors and Silicon Carbide Transistors (2014)

A new photovoltaic (PV) array power converter circuit is presented. This inverter is a transformer-less topology with grounded PV array and only film capacitors. The motivations are to reduce circuit complexity, eliminate leakage ground currents, and improve reliability. The use of silicon carbide (SiC) transistors is the key enabling technology for this particular circuit to attain reasonable (>97%) efficiency. Some background about the challenges of ground currents and power decoupling to be addressed is first discussed. The proposed solution of a bidirectional buck boost converter, dynamically varying dc link, and half-bridge inverters is then presented along with details on the basic functionality. Some aspects of selecting passive components for the circuit are discussed. The average dynamic model and control system are then presented. Finally, simulation and experiment results are shown demonstrating that the proposed topology is a viable solution.
A systematic method for determining soft-failure robustness of a subsystem (2013)

A systematic method for evaluating soft fail robustness of a DUT subsystem is presented and demonstrated on a camera MIPI interface. Two different mobile phone platforms are studied under TLP injection while various methods for extracting failure thresholds and localization are applied. The root cause for the soft-failure threshold discrepancy is left for future work.
Characterization of autonomous Dart1 transposons belonging to the hAT superfamily in rice (2009)

An endogenous 0.6-kb rice DNA transposon, nDart1-0, was found as an active nonautonomous element in a mutable virescent line, pyl-v, displaying leaf variegations. Here, we demonstrated that the active autonomous element aDart in pyl-v corresponds to Dart1-27 on chromosome 6 in Nipponbare, which carries no active aDart elements, and that aDart and Dart1-27 are identical in their sequences and chromosomal locations, indicating that Dart1-27 is epigenetically silenced in Nipponbare. The identification of aDart in pyl-v was first performed by map-based cloning and by detection of the accumulated transposase transcripts. Subsequently, various transposition activities of the cloned Dart1-27 element from Nipponbare were demonstrated in Arabidopsis. Dart1-27 in Arabidopsis was able to excise nDart1-0 and Dart1-27 from cloned sites, generating footprints, and to integrate into new sites, generating 8-bp target site duplications. In addition to Dart1-27, Nipponbare contains 37 putative autonomous Dart1 elements because their putative transposase genes carry no apparent nonsense or frameshift mutations. Of these, at least four elements were shown to become active aDart elements in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, even though considerable sequence divergence arose among their transposases. Thus, these four Dart1 elements and Dart1-27 in Nipponbare must be potential autonomous elements silenced epigenetically. The regulatory and evolutionary implications of the autonomous Dart1 elements and the development of an efficient transposon-tagging system in rice are discussed.
Response to “Comment on ‘Organic electroluminescent devices by high-temperature processing and crystalline hole transporting layer ’ ” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3113 (2000)] (2000)

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LF noise analysis of InP/GaAsSb/InP and InP/InGaAs/InP HBTs (2007)

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The thermal performance of a chip scale package array with simple block and plate heat sinks (2003)

This paper describes the results of a computational investigation of the thermal performance of chip scale package arrays with various low profile heat sinks. The arrays considered were fully populated with both modules and heat sinks. The heat sinks used in any single array were identical. The parameters evaluated included module spacing, cooling air inlet velocity, per module power dissipation, and heat sink design. The heat sinks fell into two categories: the plate and the block. A plate was defined as a single continuous piece of material covering all of the modules in the array. The block heat sinks were individual pieces of material that were affixed to each module and were not physically connected to the other heat sinks in the array. The results of this study are presented as thermal resistances for each module in the array. Also considered, for some specific cases, are the heat transfer coefficients for each heat sink as a function of its position within the array. Interesting results included the changing of the shape of the resistance curve with changes in heat sink design. Also noted was the relationship between the thermal resistance of a module and the heat transfer coefficient for the top surface of that heat sink. Related to this were the changes in thermal resistance due to changes in the material properties used in the modules and how this affected the heat flow within the array.