gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial compound eyes: different concepts and their application for ultraflat image acquisition sensors (2004)

Two different approaches for ultra flat image acquisition sensors on the basis of artificial compound eyes are examined. In apposition optics the image reconstruction is based on moire or static sampling while the superposition eye approach produces an overall image. Both types of sensors are compared with respect to theoretical limitations of resolution, sensitivity and system thickness. Explicit design rules are given. A paraxial 3x3 matrix formalism is used to describe the arrangement of three microlens arrays with different pitches to find first order parameters of artificial superposition eyes. The model is validated by analysis of the system with raytracing software. Measurements of focal length of anamorphic reflow lenses, which are key components of the superposition approach, under oblique incidence are performed. For the second approach, the artificial apposition eye, a first demonstrator system is presented. The monolithic device consists of a UV-replicated reflow microlens array on a thin silica-substrate with a pinhole array in a metal layer on the backside. The pitch of the pinholes differs from the lens array pitch to enable an individual viewing angle for each channel. Imaged test patterns are presented and measurements of the angular sensitivity function are compared to calculations using commercial raytracing software.
Classes of Delay-Independent Multimessage Multicast Networks with Zero-Delay Nodes (2014)

In a network, a node is said to incur a delay if its encoding of each transmitted symbol involves only its received symbols obtained before the time slot in which the transmitted symbol is sent (hence the transmitted symbol sent in a time slot cannot depend on the received symbol obtained in the same time slot). A node is said to incur no delay if its received symbol obtained in a time slot is available for encoding its transmitted symbol sent in the same time slot. Under the classical model, every node in the network incurs a delay. In this paper, we investigate the multimessage multicast network (MMN) under a generalized-delay model which allows some nodes to incur no delay. We obtain the capacity regions for three classes of MMNs with zero-delay nodes, namely the deterministic network dominated by product distribution, the MMN consisting of independent DMCs and the wireless erasure network. In addition, we show that for any MMN belonging to one of the above three classes, the set of achievable rate tuples under the generalized-delay model and under the classical model are the same, which implies that the set of achievable rate tuples for the MMN does not depend on the delay amounts incurred by the nodes in the network.
MPPT Extremum Seeking Control Algorithm for Standalone PV System (2023)

In today’s quick-paced society, renewable energy plays a significant role in producing electricity. Nature offers a variety of non-conventional energy sources. However, solar photovoltaic systems use solar energy more frequently. The sun energy is transformed into consistent electrical energy in solar photovoltaic systems. However, the solar photovoltaic cell’s response is not consistent. For the purposes of simulation and control, a PV panel model is required. Onlywhen a PV panel is operating at its Maximum Power Point (MPP) and is being used to its full potential. This paper explores the Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) algorithm and MPPT approach for a standalone photovoltaic system. The simulations are developed and run in the MATLAB environment. When compared to the well-tuned ESC to other MPPT algorithms, it is more efficient.
OmniMapper: A modular multimodal mapping framework (2014)

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is not a problem with a one-size-fits-all solution. The literature includes a variety of SLAM approaches targeted at different environments, platforms, sensors, CPU budgets, and applications. We propose OmniMapper, a modular multimodal framework and toolbox for solving SLAM problems. The system can be used to generate pose graphs, do feature-based SLAM, and also includes tools for semantic mapping. Multiple measurement types from different sensors can be combined for multimodal mapping. It is open with standard interfaces to allow easy integration of new sensors and feature types. We present a detailed description of the mapping approach, as well as a software framework that implements this, and present detailed descriptions of its applications to several domains including mapping with a service robot in an indoor environment, large-scale mapping on a PackBot, and mapping with a handheld RGBD camera.
Optimized methods for focal spot location using center-of-mass algorithms (2002)

In general the center of mass technique is a fast and robust way to approximate the location of a focal spot. This paper discusses in detail the relationship between the focal spot location and the center of mass. We start with a mathematical analysis and conclude with a few practical ideas to improve the accuracy of the center of mass technique.
Evaluation and Management of Carpal Instability (2023)

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper sets out to review the past and current literature on the evaluation and management of the various types of carpal instability. Recent Findings Carpal instability has many sub-types, and therefore, its evaluation and management widely differ. There are recent studies that indicate that while MRI and MR arthrography are the mainstays for evaluation, certain CT and radiographic measurements may be better at diagnosing scapholunate ligament tears. In addition, recent research has proposed multiple sonographic protocols in the evaluation of carpal ligament pathology. However, the comparison of ultrasound to other imaging modalities is limited. The research for operative and non-operative management of carpal instability is limited and often guided by expert opinion. To date, no studies exist on the use of novel injection techniques to treat carpal instability. Summary Evaluation of carpal instability is evolving, and ultrasound may play an increased role. Evidence regarding non-operative management of carpal instability is limited.
SU‐F‐J‐136: Impact of Audiovisual Biofeedback On Interfraction Motion Over a Course of Liver Cancer Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (2016)

Purpose: In abdominal radiotherapy inconsistent interfraction respiratory motion can result in deviations during treatment from what was planned in terms of target position and motion. Audiovisual biofeedback (AVB) is an interactive respiratory guide that produces a guiding interface that the patient follows over a course of radiotherapy to facilitate regular respiratory motion. This study assessed the impact of AVB on interfraction motion consistency over a course of liver cancer SBRT. Methods: Five liver cancer patients have been recruited into this study, 3 followed AVB over their course of SBRT and 2 were free breathing (FB). Respiratory signals from the Varian RPM were obtained during 4DCT and each treatment fraction. Respiratory signals were organized into 10 respiratory bins, and interfraction consistency was quantified by the difference between each treatment fraction respiratory bin and each respiratory bin from 4DCT. Interfraction consistency was considered as both the relative difference (as a percentage) and absolute difference (in centimeters) between treatment respiratory bins and 4DCT respiratory bins. Results: The relative difference between 4DCT and treatment respiratory bins was 22 ± 16% for FB, and 15 ± 10% for AVB, an improvement of 32% (p &lt; 0.001) with AVB. The absolute difference between 4DCT and treatment respiratory bins was 0.15 ± 0.10 cm for FB, and 0.14 ± 0.13 cm for AVB, an improvement of 4% (p = 0.6) with AVB. Conclusion: This was the first study to compare the impact of AVB breathing guidance on interfraction motion consistency over a course of radiotherapy. AVB demonstrated to significantly reduce the relative difference between 4DCT and treatment respiratory motion, but the absolute differences were comparable, largely due to one AVB patient exhibiting a larger amplitude than the other patients. This study demonstrates the potential benefit of AVB in reducing motion variations during treatment from what was planned. Paul Keall, Sean Pollock, Ricky OBrien and Kuldeep Makhija are shareholders of Respiratory Innovations, an Australian company that is developing a device to improve breathing stability. No funding or support was provided by Respiratory Innovations. Paul Keall is one of the inventors of US patent # 7955270.
A Coordinate Invariant Formulation of the Dynamics of Cooperating Robot Systems (1996)

Abstract In this article we formulate the dynamics of cooperating robot systems using standard ideas and notation from the theory of Lie groups. Beginning with the coordinate-invariant formulation of robot dynamics introduced in Ploen and Park (1995), we extend these results to develop the equations of motion of a system of N cooperating robots manipulating a common workpiece. In the resulting dynamic equations the mass matrix, Jacobian, Coriolis, and gravity terms of the closed chain system admit concise block-triangular factorizations in terms of simple linear operators on se(3), the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group SE(3). A straightforward manipulation of the equations of motion and the kinematic constraints leads to a closed-form expression for the forces of constraint in which the robot parameters appear in a transparent manner.
Substitutional carbon in Si1−yCy alloys as measured with infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy (1997)

We present a study of the infrared absorption and Raman scattering intensity of the local carbon mode in Si1−yCy alloys grown by direct carbon implantation followed by different recrystallization procedures. For the case of laser-induced recrystallization, the integrated infrared absorbances are found to agree with an extrapolation of the calibration curve previously determined for very low substitutional carbon concentrations in Si. We argue that this finding provides strong evidence for the achievement of nearly perfect substitutionality in laser-recrystallized films, even though their carbon concentrations are three orders of magnitude beyond the solubility limit of carbon in Si. This conclusion is found to be consistent with measurements of the intensity of defect-induced Si Raman scattering relative to the Raman intensity of the local carbon mode. The Raman intensity of the local carbon mode at 605 cm−1 relative to the first-order Si Raman line at 521 cm−1 provides an ideal spectroscopic tool for the determination of substitutional carbon concentrations. By correlating Raman and infrared measurements, we find that for laser excitation at 488 nm the intensity ratio is given by I605/I521=(3.7±0.2)ysub.
Oxy-fuel combustion technology: current status, applications, and trends (2017)

The increased level of emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels represents one of the main barriers toward the reduction of greenhouse gases and the control of global warming. In the last decades, the use of renewable and clean sources of energies such as solar and wind energies has been increased extensively. However, due to the tremendously increasing world energy demand, fossil fuels would continue in use for decades which necessitates the integration of carbon capture technologies (CCTs) in power plants. These technologies include oxycombustion, pre-combustion, and post-combustion carbon capture. Oxycombustion technology is one of the most promising carbon capture technologies as it can be applied with slight modifications to existing power plants or to new power plants. In this technology, fuel is burned using an oxidizer mixture of pure oxygen plus recycled exhaust gases (consists mainly of CO2). The oxycombustion process results in highly CO2-concentrated exhaust gases, which facilitates the capture process of CO2 after H2O condensation. The captured CO2 can be used for industrial applications or can be sequestrated. The current work reviews the current status of oxycombustion technology and its applications in existing conventional combustion systems (including gas turbines and boilers) and novel oxygen transport reactors (OTRs). The review starts with an introduction to the available CCTs with emphasis on their different applications and limitations of use, followed by a review on oxycombustion applications in different combustion systems utilizing gaseous, liquid, and coal fuels. The current status and technology readiness level of oxycombustion technology is discussed. The novel application of oxycombustion technology in OTRs is analyzed in some details. The analyses of OTRs include oxygen permeation technique, fabrication of oxygen transport membranes (OTMs), calculation of oxygen permeation flux, and coupling between oxygen separation and oxycombustion of fuel within the same unit called OTR. The oxycombustion process inside OTR is analyzed considering coal and gaseous fuels. The future trends of oxycombustion technology are itemized and discussed in details in the present study including: (i) ITMs for syngas production; (ii) combustion utilizing liquid fuels in OTRs; (iii) oxy-combustion integrated power plants and (iv) third generation technologies for CO2 capture. Techno-economic analysis of oxycombustion integrated systems is also discussed trying to assess the future prospects of this technology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of sparse-view reconstruction from flat-panel-detector cone-beam CT (2010)

Flat-panel-detector x-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used in a rapidly increasing host of imaging applications, including image-guided surgery and radiotherapy. The purpose of the work is to investigate and evaluate image reconstruction from data collected at projection views significantly fewer than what is used in current CBCT imaging. Specifically, we carried out imaging experiments using a bench-top CBCT system that was designed to mimic imaging conditions in image-guided surgery and radiotherapy; we applied an image reconstruction algorithm based on constrained total-variation (TV)-minimization to data acquired with sparsely sampled view-angles and conducted extensive evaluation of algorithm performance. Results of the evaluation studies demonstrate that, depending upon scanning conditions and imaging tasks, algorithms based on constrained TV-minimization can reconstruct images of potential utility from a small fraction of the data used in typical, current CBCT applications. A practical implication of the study is that the optimization of algorithm design and implementation can be exploited for considerably reducing imaging effort and radiation dose in CBCT.
Focus evaluation approach for retinal images (2015)

Digital fundus photographs are often used to provide clinical diagnostic information about several pathologies such as diabetes, glaucoma, macular degeneration and vascular and neurologic disorders. To allow a precise analysis, digital fundus image quality should be assessed to evaluate if minimum requirements are present. Focus is one of the causes of low image quality. This paper describes a method that automatically classifies fundus images as focused or defocused. Various focus measures described in literature were tested and included in a feature vector for the classification step. A neural network classifier was used. HEI-MED and MESSIDOR image sets were utilized in the training and testing phase, respectively. All images were correctly classified by the proposed algorithm.
Immobilized AgZnO photocatalyst in Poly(acrylic acid) matrix synthesized in water suspension and their photocatalytic activity (2014)

International audience
Apple juice concentrate prevents oxidative damage and impaired maze performance in aged mice (2005)

Oxidative stress contributes to age-related cognitive decline. In some instances, consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidant can provide superior protection than supplementation with purified antioxidants. Our prior studies have shown that supplementation with apple juice concentrate (AJC) alleviates oxidative damage and cognitive decline in a transgenic murine model compromised in endogenous antioxidant potential when challenged with a vitamin-deficient, oxidative stress-promoting diet. Herein, we demonstrate that AJC, administered in drinking water, is neuroprotective in normal, aged mice. Normal mice aged either 9-10 months or 2-2.5 years were maintained for 1 month on a complete diet or a diet lacking folate and vitamin E and containing iron as a pro-oxidant, after which oxidative damage was assayed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and cognitive decline as assayed by performance in a standard Y-maze. Mice 9-12 months of age were unaffected by the deficient diet, while older mice demonstrated statistically-increased oxidative damage and poorer performance in a Y maze test. Supplementation with AJC prevented these neurodegenerative effects. These data are consistent with normal aged individuals being susceptible to neurodegeneration following dietary compromise such as folate deficiency, and a hastened onset of neurodegeneration in those individuals harboring a genetic risk factor such as ApoE deficiency. These findings also support the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation, including consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as apples, in preventing the decline in cognitive performance that accompanies normal aging.
Optimization of a bulk-driven surface micromachined ultrasonic micromotor (2002)

This paper reports on performance and optimization of an ultrasonically driven surface micromachined motor. The rotor thickness and diameter are 2.5 /spl mu/m and 1000 /spl mu/m respectively, and is actuated by a piezoelectric PZT (lead-zirconate-titanate) plate with segmented electrodes. The motor operates with sub-three volt peak-to-peak excitation in atmospheric pressure. Parametric excitation of a plate in conjunction with mode splitting is observed on the stator hub resulting in traveling modes with vibration amplitude of approximately 1/spl mu/m. The rotation direction can be controlled by selectively exciting different electrodes on the PZT plate. The piezoelectric plate is adhesively mounted to silicon die after the surface micromachine fabrication making the method suitable for actuating micromachines from any surface micromachine process.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective cis Glycosylation of 2‐O‐Allyl Protected Glycosyl Donors by Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery (IAD). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rigorous georeferencing for Formosat-2 satellite images by least squares collocation (2005)

The main purpose of this investigation is to build up a rigorous procedure to perform georeferencing for Formosat-2 satellite. The proposed scheme comprises two major components: (1) orbit modeling and (2) image orthorectification. In the orbit modeling, instead of bundle adjustment, we propose a collocation procedure to determine the precision orbits. The field-of-view (FOV) of Formosat-2 satellite is so small, i.e. 1.5 degree, that produces extremely high correlation between orbital parameters and attitude data. Thus, using on-board ephemeris data, we iteratively adjust the orbital parameters and attitude data. Then, a least squares collocation technique is applied to collocate the orbit. In the image back projection, we use patch-based approach to accelerate the computation without losing accuracy. A standard scene of 24km by 24km and a strip with some 200km long are tested in the validation.
Chemical Conjugate TMV−Peptide Bivalent Fusion Vaccines Improve Cellular Immunity and Tumor Protection (2006)

Chemical conjugation of CTL peptides to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has shown promise as a molecular adjuvant scaffold for augmentation of cellular immune responses to peptide vaccines. This study demonstrates the ease of generating complex multipeptide vaccine formulations using chemical conjugation to TMV for improved vaccine efficacy. We have tested a model foreign antigen targetthe chicken ovalbumin-derived CTL peptide (Ova peptide), as well as mouse melanoma-associated CTL epitopes p15e and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) peptides that are self-antigen targets. Ova peptide fusions to TMV, as bivalent formulations with peptides encoding additional T-help or cellular uptake via the integrin−receptor binding RGD peptide, showed improved vaccine potency evidenced by significantly enhanced numbers of antigen-reactive T cells measured by in vitro IFNγ cellular analysis. We measured the biologically relevant outcome of vaccination in protection of mice from EG.7-Ova tumor challenge, which was achieved with only two doses of vaccine (∼600 ng peptide) given without adjuvant. The p15e peptide alone or Trp2 peptide alone, or as a bivalent formulation with T-help or RGD uptake epitopes, was unable to stimulate effective tumor protection. However, a vaccine with both CTL peptides fused together onto TMV generated significantly improved survival. Interestingly, different bivalent vaccine formulations were required to improve vaccine efficacy for Ova or melanoma tumor model systems.
A Compact Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna with Harmonic Suppression Using Nonuniform Defected Ground Structure (2015)

A wideband dual-polarized coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed antenna integrating a wide stop-band filter is presented. The designed filter is based on a nonuniform defected ground structure (DGS) in order to obtain a wide stop-band and a compact size. This filter is used to reject harmonics and spurious radiation arising from the RF front end. The complete structure (antenna and filter) has been optimized to have a compact size of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal" /><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0.6</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0.6</mml:mn><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">λ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>being the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency). The realized antenna operates in the frequency range between 2.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz (bandwidth of about 74%). The isolation between feeding ports is more than 18 dB. The complete structure has a wide stop-band characteristic (103%) for harmonic rejection. The simulated numerical results have been confirmed with measurements.
A buddy model of security for mobile agent communities operating in pervasive scenarios (2004)

This paper examines the security aspects of different pervasive scenarios involving agent communities evolved using multi agent systems (MAS). It describes the motivation and the objectives behind the development of these agent communities and analyses the security vulnerabilities, which arise within them. To counter these vulnerabilities, the paper proposes a Buddy model of security for the agent community. In this model, every agent protects its neighbour within the community, thereby sharing the responsibilities of the security function. This feature makes it a better option as compared to other hierarchical models of security, which can be brought down by a concerted attack at the controller agent. This paper also demonstrates the applicability and the effectiveness of the Buddy model in different pervasive scenarios and makes a strong case for its adoption.