gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HISTOPLASMOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPLORING A BAT-INHABITED CAVE IN COSTA RICA, 1998–1999 (2004)

Between October 1998 and April 1999, 51 persons belonging to two separate groups developed acute pulmonary histoplasmosis after visiting a cave in Costa Rica. The first group consisted of 61 children and 14 adults from San Jose, Costa Rica; 44 (72%) were diagnosed with acute histoplasmosis. The second group comprised 14 tourists from the United States and Canada; 9 (64%) were diagnosed with histoplasmosis. After a median incubation time of 14 days, the most common symptoms were headache, fever, cough, and myalgias. Risk factors for developing histoplasmosis included crawling (odds ratio [OR] = 17.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3-802) and visiting one specific room (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.0-12.3) in the cave. Washing hands (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01-0.6) after exiting the cave was associated with a decreased risk of developing histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from bat guano collected from inside the cave. Persons who explore caves, whether for recreation or science, should be aware of the risk bat-inhabited caves pose for developing histoplasmosis, especially if they are immunocompromised in any way.
Comprehensive strategy for chiral separations using sulfated cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis (2003)

This review focuses on the emerging role of sulfated cyclodextrins in the capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation of chiral analytes. Since being introduced as enantioselective agents for CE in 1995, these anionic additives have continued to demonstrate remarkable application universality. The broad spectrum of chiral compounds successfully separated using this approach includes acidic, basic, neutral, and zwitterionic species. This impressive array of analyte structures is derived from a growing diversity of compound classes including pharmaceuticals, plant extracts, biomarkers, herbicides, alkaloids, fungicides, and metal ions. Moreover, literature reports highlight the minimal optimization required to achieve a successful separation. Based on these findings, sulfated cyclodextrins appear to be well suited for the development of a more universal, comprehensive separation strategy for chiral compounds. This review explores this proposition by beginning with the structure and migration properties of sulfated cyclodextrins, using applications to highlight the separating power of this technique and ending with a pragmatic, comprehensive separation strategy.
The Unfolded Protein Response in Lens Epithelial Cells from Galactosemic Rat Lenses (2006)

The UPR that is induced by abnormally high or low concentrations of sugar is linked to the production of ROS, increased apoptosis in LECs, and cataract formation. The inhibition of the UPR induction by ARI suggests that osmotic stress may be the primary inducer of the UPR. Modulation of the UPR pathways may offer novel methods for the development of therapeutic tools to delay cataracts.
Design and analysis of a tri-band frequency selective surface with a second-order response (2019)

Abstract In this paper, a sandwiched type frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed and analyzed. The design procedure and operating principle is given based on the equivalent circuit model. The proposed FSS includes two identical layers of periodic metallic arrays, which are separated by a foam layer. In each layer of the periodic array, the unit cell is composed of a gridded-triple square loop structure. The FSS provides three pass-bands, in which a flat band response is presented. Three bands are separated by one or two transmission zeros, which leads to a sharp rejection on both sides of each pass-band. The central frequencies of the three pass-bands are 7.0, 10.9 and 14.0 GHz. To verify the simulated results, a prototype of the FSS is fabricated and measured. The simulated results agree well with the measured ones. This work can be used in area of a radar stealth or satellite communication system.
Successful Treatment of Myeloid Sarcoma in an Elderly Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Reduced-Dose Azacitidine (2021)

Myeloid sarcoma (MS), which involves extramedullary lesions, is classified as a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). At present, no standard treatments for MS have been established. The patient was an 89-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome-excess blast-2 (MDS-EB-2) with a 2-year history of intermittent treatment with azacitidine (AZA) during a 4-year history of MDS. He developed painful cutaneous tumors 8 months after the second discontinuation of AZA. They were refractory for antibiotics and topical tacrolimus hydrate. A tumor biopsy was performed, and the histological findings of the tumor lesion showed a proliferation of tumor cells that were positive for myeloperoxidase and CD68 and negative for CD4 and CD123. The patient was diagnosed with MDS-associated MS. MDS-EB-2 quickly progressed to AML with the appearance of peripheral blood blasts and 25% bone marrow blasts. Monotherapy with reduced-dose AZA (37.5 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for 7 days, every 4-6 weeks) was restarted, and the MS quickly disappeared. The patient's MS was successfully treated with 16 cycles of AZA treatment over a 22-month period. There have been 10 reported cases in which MS was successfully treated with AZA. Among the 10 cases, the patient in the present case was the oldest. Treatment with reduced-dose AZA should be considered as a therapeutic option for MS in elderly patients with MDS, especially patients who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
Biocavity laser spectroscopy of genetically altered yeast cells and isolated yeast mitochondria (2006)

We report an analysis of 2 yeast cell mutants using biocavity laser spectroscopy. The two yeast strains differed only by the presence or absence of mitochondrial DNA. Strain 104 is a wild-type (&#961;<sup>+</sup>) strain of the baker's yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Strain 110 was derived from strain 104 by removal of its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Removal of mtDNA causes strain 110 to grow as a "petite" (&#961;<sup>-</sup>), named because it forms small colonies (of fewer cells because it grows more slowly) on agar plates supplemented with a variety of different carbon sources. The absence of mitochondrial DNA results in the complete loss of all the mtDNA-encoded proteins and RNAs, and loss of the pigmented, heme-containing cytochromes a and b. These cells have mitochondria, but the mitochondria lack the normal respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V. Complex II is preserved because its subunits are encoded by genes located in nuclear DNA. The frequency distributions of the peak shifts produced by wild-type and petite cells and mitochondria show striking differences in the symmetry and patterns of the distributions. Wild-type &#961;<sup>+</sup> cells (104) and mitochondria produced nearly symmetric, Gaussian distributions. The &#961;<sup>-</sup> cells (110) and mitochondria showed striking asymmetry and skew that appeared to follow a Poisson distribution.
Analytical ultracentrifugation and preliminary X-ray studies of the chloroplast envelope quinone oxidoreductase homologue fromArabidopsis thaliana (2015)

Quinone oxidoreductases reduce a broad range of quinones and are widely distributed among living organisms. The chloroplast envelope quinone oxidoreductase homologue (ceQORH) from Arabidopsis thaliana binds NADPH, lacks a classical N-terminal and cleavable chloroplast transit peptide, and is transported through the chloroplast envelope membrane by an unknown alternative pathway without cleavage of its internal chloroplast targeting sequence. To unravel the fold of this targeting sequence and its substrate specificity, ceQORH from A. thaliana was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. Crystals of apo ceQORH were obtained and a complete data set was collected at 2.34 Å resolution. The crystals belonged to space group C222₁, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Endogenous formation and repair of oxidatively induced G[8-5 m]T intrastrand cross-link lesion (2012)

Exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can give rise to the formation of various DNA damage products. Among them, d(G[8-5 m]T) can be induced in isolated DNA treated with Fenton reagents and in cultured human cells exposed to γ-rays, d(G[8-5m]T) can be recognized and incised by purified Escherichia coli UvrABC nuclease. However, it remains unexplored whether d(G[8-5 m]T) accumulates in mammalian tissues and whether it is a substrate for nucleotide excision repair (NER) in vivo. Here, we found that d(G[8-5 m]T) could be detected in DNA isolated from tissues of healthy humans and animals, and elevated endogenous ROS generation enhanced the accumulation of this lesion in tissues of a rat model of Wilson's disease. Additionally, XPA-deficient human brain and mouse liver as well as various types of tissues of ERCC1-deficient mice contained higher levels of d(G[8-5 m]T) but not ROS-induced single-nucleobase lesions than the corresponding normal controls. Together, our studies established that d(G[8-5 m]T) can be induced endogenously in mammalian tissues and constitutes a substrate for NER in vivo.
Synthesis of a new hollandite-type manganese oxide with framework and interstitial Cr(III). (2001)

Hollandite with Cr(III) in both tunnel and framework sites has been prepared hydrothermally from layered manganese oxide precursors.
Spatio-temporal aggregation for visual analysis of movements (2008)

Data about movements of various objects are collected in growing amounts by means of current tracking technologies. Traditional approaches to visualization and interactive exploration of movement data cannot cope with data of such sizes. In this research paper we investigate the ways of using aggregation for visual analysis of movement data. We define aggregation methods suitable for movement data and find visualization and interaction techniques to represent results of aggregations and enable comprehensive exploration of the data. We consider two possible views of movement, traffic-oriented and trajectory-oriented. Each view requires different methods of analysis and of data aggregation. We illustrate our argument with example data resulting from tracking multiple cars in Milan and example analysis tasks from the domain of city traffic management.
Particle Tracks in Cellulose Nitrate (1972)

A simple procedure for observing alpha particle tracks in cellulose nitrate is described with emphasis on qualitative understanding of the underlying principles. The technique is shown to be feasible for use in the undergraduate nuclear laboratory as well as offering a variety of possibilities for independent student investigations at very low cost. The results of a Rutherford scattering experiment are included as an example of the type of measurements for which this detector can be used.
Experimental Investigation of Joint Decoding in Overloaded MIMO-OFDM System (2013)

This paper presents a joint decoding scheme for the overloaded multiple input multiple output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In the overloaded MIMO system, the number of receive antenna elements is less than that of transmit antenna elements. It has been shown that under the overloaded condition the performance of joint detection deteriorates while diversity reduces the amount of performance degradation caused by signal multiplexing. Thus, this paper proposes a maximum likelihood joint decoding scheme of block coded signals in the overloaded MIMO-OFDM system. The performance of joint decoding over Rayleigh fading channels is evaluated through simulation and experiments. The simulation shows that the diversity through block coding prevents any performance degradation in the joint decoding of 2 Hamming coded signal streams. However, there are differences between numerical results obtained through computer simulation and experiments owing to channel estimation errors.
Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics: Collaborations on the Road to Genomic Medicine? (2003)

ABSTRACT In this report, the authors compare and contrast medical informatics (MI) and bioinformatics (BI)and provide a viewpoint on their complementarities and potential for collaboration in various subfields. The authors compare MI and BI along several dimensions, including: (1) historical development of the disciplines, (2) their scientific foundations, (3) data quality and analysis, (4) integration of knowledge and databases, (5) informatics tools to support practice, (6) informatics methods to support research (signal processing, imaging and vision, and computational modeling, (7) professional and patient continuing education, and (8) education and training. It is pointed out that, while the two disciplines differ in their histories, scientific foundations, and methodologic approaches to research invarious areas, they nevertheless share methods and tools, which provides a basis for exchange of experience in their different applications. MI expertise in developing health care applications and the strength of BI in biological ‘‘discovery science’’ complement each other well. The new field of biomedical informatics (BMI) holds great promise for developing informatics methods that will be crucial in the development of genomic medicine. The future of BMI will be influenced strongly by whether significant advances in clinical practice and biomedical research come about from separate efforts in MI and BI, or from emerging, hybrid informatics subdisciplines at their interface.
An approach to standardization of urine sediment analysis via suggestion of a common manual protocol (2016)

We developed a protocol for manual urine sediment analysis to quantitatively report the results. This protocol may provide a mean for standardization of urine sediment analysis.
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Silicon Infiltrated Ceramic Plate‐Type Heat Exchangers (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Heat Exchanger Test Design Concept for the Ceramic Heat Exchanger Fabrication Characterisation and Testing of the C/SiSiC Ceramic Composites Conclusions
Deficiency of ganglioside biosynthesis in metastatic human melanoma cells: relevance of CMP‐NeuAc: LacCer α2‐3 sialyltransferase (GM3 synthase) (1995)

The glycosphingolipid patterns were analyzed on two clones derived from a human melanoma cell line and selected for their respectively high and low metastatic ability in immunosuppressed newborn rats. Conversely to the weakly metastatic cells which exhibited a pattern similar to that of the parental cell line, highly metastatic human melanoma cells appeared to be deficient in ganglioside biosynthesis. An accumulation of lactosylceramide was found in the latter cells, with low amounts of GM3 as the only ganglioside detected and a fourfold decreased activity of GM3 synthase (EC 2.4.99.9). After subcutaneous injection of metastatic cells in newborn rats, the cells proliferating in the tumor induced at the injection site re-expressed the four common gangliosides of melanoma: GM3, GM2, GD3 and GD2, whereas the cells growing in the lungs as metastatic nodules were deficient in ganglioside synthesis and showed an accumulation of lactosylceramide. Taken together, our results suggest that the human melanoma cells which are able to escape from the primary tumor and invade the lungs have an impaired ganglioside biosynthesis with a deficient GM3 synthase.
The potential to induce glial differentiation is conserved betweenDrosophilaand mammalian glial cells missing genes (2003)

Drosophila glial cells missing (gcm) is a key gene that determines the fate of stem cells within the nervous system. Two mouse gcm homologs have been identified, but their function in the nervous system remains to be elucidated. To investigate their function, we constructed retroviral vectors harboring Drosophila gcm and two mouse Gcm genes. Expression of these genes appeared to influence fibroblast features. In particular, mouse Gcm1 induced the expression of astrocyte-specific Ca(2+)-binding protein, S100beta, in those cells. Introduction of the mouse Gcm1 gene in cultured cells from embryonic brains resulted in the induction of an astrocyte lineage. This effect was also observed by in utero injection of retrovirus harboring mouse Gcm1 into the embryonic brain. However, cultures from mouse Gcm1-deficient mouse brains did not exhibit significant reductions in the number of astrocytes. Furthermore, in situ hybridization analysis of mouse Gcm1 mRNA revealed distinct patterns of expression in comparison with other well-known glial markers. The mammalian homolog of Drosophila gcm, mouse Gcm1, exhibits the potential to induce gliogenesis, but may function in the generation of a minor subpopulation of glial cells.
Retracted: Research Article Flavocoxid Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Disruption of the Blood-Testis Barrier and Improves Testicular Damage and Germ Cell Impairment in Mice (2015)

Cadmium (Cd) causes male infertility. There is the need to identify safe treatments counteracting this toxicity. Flavocoxid is a flavonoid that induces a balanced inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 peroxidase moieties and of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and has efficacy in the male genitourinary system. We investigated flavocoxid effects on Cd-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: 2 control groups received 0.9% NaCl (vehicle; 1 ml/kg/day) or flavocoxid (20 mg/kg/day ip); 2 groups were challenged with cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 2 mg/kg/day ip) and administered with vehicle or flavocoxid. The treatment lasted for 1 or 2 weeks. The testes were processed for biochemical and morphological studies. CdCl2 increased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) 1/2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, COX-2, 5-LOX, malondialdehyde (MDA), B-cell-lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein (Bax), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), transforming growth factor (TGF) -β3, decreased Bcl-2, testosterone, inhibin-B, occludin, N-Cadherin, induced structural damages in the testis and disrupted the blood-testis barrier. Many TUNEL-positive germ cells and changes in claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin localization were present. Flavocoxid administration reduced, in a time-dependent way, p-ERK 1/2, TNF-α, COX-2, 5-LOX, MDA, Bax, FSH, LH, TGF-β3, augmented Bcl-2, testosterone, inhibin B, occludin, N-Cadherin, and improved the structural organization of the testis and the blood-testis barrier. Few TUNEL-positive germ cells were present and a morphological retrieval of the intercellular junctions was observed. In conclusion, flavocoxid has a protective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic function against Cd-induced toxicity in mice testis. We suggest that flavocoxid may play a relevant positive role against environmental levels of Cd, otherwise deleterious to gametogenesis and tubular integrity.
Observational Evidence of Slantwise Convective Adjustment (1988)

Attempts were made during two field experiments to fly instrumented aircraft along absolute momentum (M) surfaces as a means of accurately determining slantwise convective stability. The application of this technique appears to have been quite successful. We present the results of four such efforts conducted in the ascent regions of midlatitude cyclones observed during the New England Winter Storms and Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiments. In three of the four cases the atmosphere was almost exactly neutral to slantwise ascent while being quite stable to vertical displacements. In the fourth case, the atmosphere departed from neutrality but was also substantially drier, evidently due to subsidence. We find excellent agreement between assessments of stability based on the M surface flights and on cross sections constructed from rawinsonde observations. On the basis of these results I hypothesize that slantwise convective neutrality is characteristic of the ascent regions of baroclinic cyclones and discuss the implications of this finding for the dynamics of baroclinic systems.
Contrasting patterns of language-associated brain activity in autism and Williams syndrome (2010)

Two neurodevelopmental disorders, Williams syndrome (WS) and autism, are both commonly described as having opposite social profiles: social avoidance in autism vs hypersociability in individuals with WS. The goal of this study was to contrast the brain activity associated with language processing in these two populations, in order to understand the very likely interplay between the use of language and the sociability dimension, on which these disorders diverge. Towards this aim, the N400 component of the event-related potentials was used to quantify the processing of semantic integration in these two populations. Results revealed that individuals with WS showed a significantly larger N400 effect, as compared to both typical controls and individuals with autism, while the latter group demonstrated the smallest N400 effect. The findings demonstrate quite opposite profiles of neural correlates of language processing in WS and autism, mirroring their contrasting social phenotypes.
A Coincident Indicator of the Gulf Cooperation Council Business Cycle (2011)

This paper constructs a coincident indicator for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) area business cycle. The resulting coincident indicator provides a reliable measure of the GCC business cycle over the last decade, where the GCC coincident index and the real GDP growth have moved closely together. Since the indicator is constructed using a small number of common factors, the strong correlation between the indicator and real GDP growth points to a high degree of commonality across GCC economies. The timing and direction of movements in macroeconomic variables are characterized with respect to the coincident indicator. Finally, to obtain a meaningful economic interpretation of the latent factors, their behavior is compared to the observed economic variables.
Deacetylation of sialic acid by esterases potentiates pneumococcal neuraminidase activity for mucin utilization, colonization and virulence (2017)

Pneumococcal neuraminidase is a key enzyme for sequential deglycosylation of host glycans, and plays an important role in host survival, colonization, and pathogenesis of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. One of the factors that can affect the activity of neuraminidase is the amount and position of acetylation present in its substrate sialic acid. We hypothesised that pneumococcal esterases potentiate neuraminidase activity by removing acetylation from sialic acid, and that will have a major effect on pneumococcal survival on mucin, colonization, and virulence. These hypotheses were tested using isogenic mutants and recombinant esterases in microbiological, biochemical and in vivo assays. We found that pneumococcal esterase activity is encoded by at least four genes, SPD_0534 (EstA) was found to be responsible for the main esterase activity, and the pneumococcal esterases are specific for short acyl chains. Assay of esterase activity by using natural substrates showed that both the Axe and EstA esterases could use acetylated xylan and Bovine Sub-maxillary Mucin (BSM), a highly acetylated substrate, but only EstA was active against tributyrin (triglyceride). Incubation of BSM with either Axe or EstA led to the acetate release in a time and concentration dependent manner, and pre-treatment of BSM with either enzyme increased sialic acid release on subsequent exposure to neuraminidase A. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of estA and axe increased when exposed to BSM and in respiratory tissues. Mutation of estA alone or in combination with nanA (codes for neuraminidase A), or the replacement of its putative serine active site to alanine, reduced the pneumococcal ability to utilise BSM as a sole carbon source, sialic acid release, colonization, and virulence in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia.