gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH mRNA over-expression in rats with chronic excitotoxic striatal lesions (1994)

Twenty weeks after ibotenic acid lesions of the striatum, the amount of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in this structure was markedly increased. This was accompanied by a 3-fold increase in TH mRNA levels in the ipsilateral subtantia nigra (SN). Striatal levels of dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were markedly reduced. In the nucleus accumbens, spared by the lesion, DA neurotransmission was also altered, as evidenced by a reduction of DA and DOPAC, but no increase in TH could be detected. TH mRNA levels were moderately enhanced in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Thus, lesioning in the striatum induces TH gene activation in both SN and VTA neurones, not strictly related to DA function at the terminal level.
The Use of Niobium as an Anode Material in Liquid Filled Electrolytic Capacitors (1974)

Field crystallisation during the anodisation of niobium can be reduced to a minimum by employing a phosphoric acid electrolyte at low temperature. For certain other electrolyte systems, reduced crystalline growth rates are obtained by increasing the solute concentration or by adding either phosphate or ethylene glycol. Porous anodes were prepared from niobium powders of nominal particle size 8 μ m or 10 μ m using sintering temperatures of 1400–1800℃. The capacitance of these bodies was in the range 4,600–10,000 μ F Vgm -1 . after anodising at 20℃. Shelf tests on experimental capacitors filled with a concentrated sulphuric acid electrolyte indicated a maximum working temperature of 85℃. Although chemical compatibility between the dielectric oxide and the sulphuric acid was maintained up to 125℃, thermal effects on the oxide at this temperature resulted in unacceptably large increases in capacitance and leakage current. Endurance tests at 85℃ of capacitors rated at 35V/200 μ F or 63V/60 μ F showed good stability of capacitance and dissipation factor over a period of 3000 hours. Final leakage currents were in the region of 10 -4 μ A μ F -1 V -1 at 85℃ and crystalline growth was greatly restricted.
[Paper] Object Manipulation for Perceiving a Sense of Material using User-Perspective Mobile Augmented Reality (2020)

In this study, we conducted an experiment using a mobile augmented reality (AR) system that allows direct manipulation of a virtual object with the user's hand and that presents material appearance of the object. The system presents user-perspective images on the mobile display, which enables natural interaction with virtual objects. We compared the methods with user-perspective and camera-perspective presentation using an object manipulation task for material perception. The result showed that the answer time in the task became significantly shorter with user-perspective presentation, which indicates that user-perspective presentation makes manipulation of virtual objects in mobile AR easier.
A phase III trial of capivasertib and abiraterone versus placebo and abiraterone in patients with de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer characterized by PTEN deficiency (CAPItello-281). (2021)

TPS178 Background: In metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), abiraterone combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is highly effective in improving patient outcomes. However, around 20% of patients progress to castration-resistant disease within 12 months of treatment; these patients have shorter survival and limited treatment options. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, predominately due to PTEN loss, is common in prostate cancer, especially in later-stage disease. The androgen receptor signaling and AKT pathway are reciprocally cross-regulated such as that inhibition of one leads to upregulation of the other. Therefore, combining abiraterone therapy with AKT inhibition may be beneficial in patients with mHSPC who have PTEN deficiency. In preclinical studies, capivasertib, a selective oral pan-AKT inhibitor, inhibited proliferation of models of hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer with PTEN loss. The results of the IPATential150 phase 3 study (NCT03072238) demonstrated that another oral AKT inhibitor, ipatasertib, prolonged radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) when combined with abiraterone compared with placebo plus abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, particularly among patients with PTEN loss. CAPItello-281 (NCT04493853) is a global, multicenter, phase 3 trial to evaluate capivasertib in combination with abiraterone, on a background of ADT, as a treatment for de novo mHSPC patients with PTEN-deficient tumors. Methods: Eligible patients for this double-blind, randomized trial are men aged 18 years or older with confirmed newly diagnosed previously untreated metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemically confirmed PTEN deficiency and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1. Following screening, approximately 1000 patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either capivasertib (400 mg) or placebo (twice daily; 4 days on, 3 days off) in combination with abiraterone (1000 mg once daily) and ADT until radiographic progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint is rPFS. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, time to start of first subsequent therapy or death, symptomatic skeletal event-free survival, time to pain progression and safety profile. Enrolment started in July 2020. Acknowledgments: We thank Julia Grigorieva, PhD, of Oxford PharmaGenesis, Philadelphia, USA, for providing medical writing assistance. Funding: The CAPItello-281 trial is funded and overseen by AstraZeneca. Clinical trial information: NCT04493853.
Fat Embolism Syndrome and in-Hospital Mortality Rates According to Patient Age: A Large Nationwide Retrospective Study (2022)

In this retrospective cohort analysis, old age (≥ 65 years) was found to be an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality among fat embolism syndrome patients. Elderly patients specifically with femoral neck fractures should be monitored for the development of FES.
Visual simulations of presbyopic corrections through cataract opacification (2022)

Visual simulations of IOLs are an excellent tool to explore prospective postoperative vision. The high correlation in the perceptual scores pre- and post-cataract surgery demonstrates that SimVis Gekko can be used in cataractous patients to guide the selection of the optimal correction for a patient.
Mid-Term Survival of Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis (2018)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY There is limited evidence on survival and complication rates in patients after total knee arthroplasty for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The failure mechanisms leading to revision remain an issue of constant debate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mid-term survival of primary total knee arthroplasties as well as to evaluate complications and failure mechanisms in patients with posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included 79 patients with an average age of 59 years at the time of primary total knee arthroplasty. A functional and radiographic assessment was obtained during outpatient clinical follow-up at 3 and 12 months postoperatively and yearly intervals after that. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. The mean postoperative follow-up was 69 months. RESULTS At 69 month the revision-free survival rate was 88.6%. In nine cases (11.4%) a revision procedure was performed. The leading cause of revision was a periprosthetic infection (n = 6, 66.6%). An age of fewer than 55 years at the time of total knee arthroplasty had a significant influence on implant survival (p = 0.018) with superior survival in favor of the older patient population. At most recent follow-up, a mean Knee Society Score of 82 points and an average Function Score of 77 points were observed. CONCLUSIONS Periprosthetic joint infection is the primary failure mechanism leading to a revision in patients with total knee arthroplasty for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Apart from the increased infection rate, total knee arthroplasties in patients with posttraumatic osteoarthritis revealed results that were comparable to patients with primary osteoarthritis. Key words:posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis, total knee replacement, survival, complications, revision, outcome.
Use of Subtractive Hybridization To Design Habitat-Based Oligonucleotide Probes for Investigation of Natural Bacterial Communities (1998)

We describe a rapid oligonucleotide probe design strategy based on subtractive hybridization which yields probes for 16S rRNA or rRNA genes of individual members of microbial communities that are specific within the context of those communities. This strategy circumvents the need to sequence many similar or identical clones of dominant members of a community. Radioactively labeled subfragments of a cloned 16S rRNA gene sequence for which a probe is required (target) were hybridized with biotinylated total 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amplified from the microbial community, and the hybrids formed were subsequently discarded. The remaining enriched fragments were used to screen a library consisting of cloned subfragments of the target sequence by colony hybridization in order to identify the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene with the required specificity. The sequencing of random clones in one 16S rDNA library demonstrated that only those clones with 100% sequence identity with the probe fragment were detected by it. Moreover, sequencing of other, randomly selected, probe-positive clones revealed 100% sequence identity with the probe. Probes developed in this way tended to correspond to more variable regions of the 16S rRNA if the target sequences were similar to the sequences of other clones in the library and to less variable regions if the target sequences were phylogenetically isolated within the clone library. Although the absolute specificity of the latter probes, as assessed by comparison with available database sequences, was lower than the absolute specificity of the probes from the more variable regions, they were specific within the context of the environmental samples from which they were derived.
The Simplified Predictive Intubation Difficulty Score: a new weighted score for difficult airway assessment (2009)

The SPIDS seems easy to perform, and by weighting risk factors of difficult intubation, it could help anaesthesiologists to plan a difficult airway management strategy. A value of SPIDS strictly above 10 could encourage the anaesthesiologists to plan for the beginning of the anaesthetic induction with 'alternative' airway devices ready in the operating theatre.
Fragment-Based Deconstruction of Bcl-x L Inhibitors (2010)

Fragment-based drug design consists of screening low-molecular-weight compounds in order to identify low-affinity ligands that are then modified or linked to yield potent inhibitors. The method thus attempts to build bioactive molecules in a modular way and relies on the hypothesis that the fragment binding mode will be conserved upon elaboration of the active molecule. If the inverse process is considered, do the fragments resulting from the deconstruction of high-affinity inhibitors recapitulate their binding mode in the large molecule? Few studies deal with this issue. Here, we report the analysis of 22 fragments resulting from the dissection of 9 inhibitors of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x(L). To determine if the fragments retained affinity toward the protein and identify their binding site, ligand-observed and protein-observed NMR experiments were used. The analysis of the fragments behavior illustrates the complexity of low-affinity protein-ligand interactions involved in the fragment-based construction of bioactive molecules.
Functionalization of graphitic fillers for the preparation of graphene/polymer (nano)composites (2013)

International audience
PGE2 synthesis and response pathways in cultured corneal endothelial cells: the effects of in vitro aging (1997)

The morphologic and mitotic changes seen in rabbit corneal endothelial cultures in vitro resemble those seen as a consequence of aging in humans and rabbits. Prostaglandin synthesis and response pathways are modified as a result of aging and may play a role in the autocrine regulation of wound repair, especially in younger cells.
Foaming Power and Emulsifying Properties of the Hydrolyzates by Lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus on Digalactosyldiacylglycerol and Trigalactosyldiacylglycerol Extracted from Pumpkin. (1998)

Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG) were extracted from pumpkin and then hydrolyzed to the corresponding monoacylglycerols by 1,3-specific lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus. The hydrolyzates from DGDG and TGDG were identified as digalactosylmonoacylglycerol (DGMG) and trigalactosyl-monoacylglycerol (TGMG) by TLC analysis, acid hydrolysis and GC analysis, respectively. The surface tensions of the aqueous DGMG and TGMG solutions significantly decreased up to 0.005% DGMG and TGMG, and then decreased slightly at more than that concentration. The foamabilities increased with the DGMG and TGMG contents. The foamabilities and the foaming stabilities of DGMG and TGMG were superior to those of the other commercial emulsifiers. The interfacial tensions at the water/kerosene interface of DGMG and TGMG significantly decreased up to 0.001% DGMG and TGMG, and then slightly decreased at more than that concentration. The types of water/kerosene (1:1, w/w) emulsions prepared with DGMG and TGMG were O/W, respectively. The creaming stabilities and the strength of the interfacial film of the emulsions increased with the DGMG and TGMG contents. The emulsifying properties of the DGMG and TGMG emulsions were almost equal to those of the commercial emulsifiers.
SpectraCAM SPM: a camera system with high dynamic range for scientific and medical applications (2005)

A scientific camera system having high dynamic range designed and manufactured by Thermo Electron for scientific and medical applications is presented. The newly developed CID820 image sensor with preamplifier-per-pixel technology is employed in this camera system. The 4 Mega-pixel imaging sensor has a raw dynamic range of 82dB. Each high-transparent pixel is based on a preamplifier-per-pixel architecture and contains two photogates for non-destructive readout of the photon-generated charge (NDRO). Readout is achieved via parallel row processing with on-chip correlated double sampling (CDS). The imager is capable of true random pixel access with a maximum operating speed of 4MHz. The camera controller consists of a custom camera signal processor (CSP) with an integrated 16-bit A/D converter and a PowerPC-based CPU running a Linux embedded operating system. The imager is cooled to -40C via three-stage cooler to minimize dark current. The camera housing is sealed and is designed to maintain the CID820 imager in the evacuated chamber for at least 5 years. Thermo Electron has also developed custom software and firmware to drive the SpectraCAM SPM camera. Included in this firmware package is the new Extreme DR TM algorithm that is designed to extend the effective dynamic range of the camera by several orders of magnitude up to 32-bit dynamic range. The RACID Exposure graphical user interface image analysis software runs on a standard PC that is connected to the camera via Gigabit Ethernet.
Introduction to Special Section on the Cajon Pass Scientific Drilling Project (1992)

Over the past few decades a generally accepted conceptual model for the thermomechanics of the San Andreas fault was based on three factors believed to have been supported by observation: (1) maximum horizontal shear stress increases with depth in the crust at the rate of 7-8 MPa/km (as indicated by measurements in relatively shallow boreholes), roughly the same rate of shear stress increase as in other regions [e.g., McGarr et al., 1982], (2) the maximum horizontal stress direction in the vicinity of the fault was oriented at about 300-45 to its strike (as indicated by the predominance of right-lateral strike-slip earthquakes along it), and (3) there is no detectable frictional heat generated by the San Andreas (as implied by heat flow observations in numerous shallow boreholes both near and far from the fault along the length of the San Andreas system). Assuming that laboratory-derived coefficients of friction in the range 0.6-1.0 [e.g., Byeflee, 1978] are applicable to all faults in the crust (sometimes referred to as "Byedee's law" [after Brace and Kohlstedt, 1980]) and that approximately hydrostatic fluid pressure exists at depth, it is straightforward to show that while the second observation is related directly to the first, the stress state they imply at depth would result in a conspicuous heat flow anomaly; a direct contradiction of observation 3. This contradiction has come to be known as the San Andreas stress/heat flow paradox. The basic question has been whether the average shear stress on the seismogenic portion of the fault is "high" (---50-100 MPa), consistent with worldwide in situ stress measurements in the upper few kilometers of the crust [e.g.,
Cometabolism of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 produces cell‐associated reduced chromium and inhibits growth (2003)

Microbial reduction is a promising strategy for chromium remediation, but the effects of competing electron acceptors are still poorly understood. We investigated chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction in batch cultures of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under aerobic and denitrifying conditions and in the absence of an additional electron acceptor. Growth and Cr(VI) removal patterns suggested a cometabolic reduction; in the absence of nitrate or oxygen, MR-1 reduced Cr(VI), but without any increase in viable cell counts and rates gradually decreased when cells were respiked. Only a small fraction (1.6%) of the electrons from lactate were transferred to Cr(VI). The 48-h transformation capacity (Tc) was 0.78 mg (15 micromoles) Cr(VI) reduced. [mg protein](-1) for high levels of Cr(VI) added as a single spike. For low levels of Cr(VI) added sequentially, Tc increased to 3.33 mg (64 micromoles) Cr(VI) reduced. [mg protein](-1), indicating that it is limited by toxicity at higher concentrations. During denitrification and aerobic growth, MR-1 reduced Cr(VI), with much faster rates under denitrifying conditions. Cr(VI) had no effect on nitrate reduction at 6 microM, was strongly inhibitory at 45 microM, and stopped nitrate reduction above 200 microM. Cr(VI) had no effect on aerobic growth at 60 microM, but severely inhibited growth above 150 microM. A factor that likely plays a role in Cr(VI) toxicity is intracellular reduced chromium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of denitrifying cells exposed to Cr(VI) showed reduced chromium precipitates both extracellularly on the cell surface and, for the first time, as electron-dense round globules inside cells.
Antigen identification for HLA class I– and HLA class II–restricted T cell receptors using cytokine-capturing antigen-presenting cells (2021)

Cytokine-capturing antigen-presenting cells allow screening of complex DNA libraries for CD8 + and CD4 + T cell–targeted epitopes.
Fluorescence Properties of 8‐(2‐Pyridyl)guanine “2PyG” as Compared to 2‐Aminopurine in DNA (2011)

Because of their environment-sensitive fluorescence quantum yields, base analogues such as 2-aminopurine (2AP), 6-methylisoxanthopterin (6-MI), and 3-methylisoxanthopterin (3-MI) are widely used in nucleic-acid folding and catalysis assays. Emissions from these guanine mimics are quenched by base-stacking interactions and collisions with purine residues. Fluorescent base analogues that remain highly emissive in folded nucleic acids can provide sensitive means to differentiate DNA/RNA structures by participating in energy transfer from proximal ensembles of unmodified nucleobases. The development of new, highly emissive guanine mimics capable of proper base stacking and base-pairing interactions is an important prerequisite to this approach. Here we report a comparison of the most commonly used probe, 2-aminopurine (2AP), to 8-(2-pyridyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (2PyG). The photophysical properties of these purine derivatives are very different. 2PyG exhibits enhanced fluorescence quantum yields upon its incorporation into folded nucleic acids--approximately 50-fold brighter fluorescence intensity than 2AP in the context of duplex DNA. Due to its bright fluorescence and compatibility with proper DNA folding, 2PyG can be used to accurately quantify energy-transfer efficiencies, whereas 2AP is much less sensitive to structure-specific trends in energy transfer. When using nucleoside monomers, Stern-Volmer plots of 2AP fluorescence revealed upward curvature of F(0) /F upon titration of guanosine monophoshate (GMP), whereas 2PyG exhibited unusual downward curvature of F(0) /F that resulted in a recovery of fluorescence at high GMP concentrations. These results are consistent with the trends observed for 2PyG- and 2AP-containing oligonucleotides, and furthermore suggest that solutions containing high concentrations of GMP can, in some ways, mimic the high local nucleobase densities of folded nucleic acids.
Cholecystokinin receptors and PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells (1993)

The gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to stimulate growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo, although CCK receptors have not been identified in pancreatic cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to characterize the CCK receptors in pancreatic cancer cells and to correlate the receptor binding studies with the trophic action of CCK agonists and antagonists. With the use of homogenates of PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line grown in culture, the binding of 125I-labeled CCK octapeptide (125I-CCK-8) was examined under various conditions to characterize the CCK receptor. Specific and saturable binding of 125I-CCK-8 was detected in PANC-1 cells; data were consistent with a single binding site. Scatchard analysis yielded a binding affinity [dissociation constant (Kd)] of 2.8 nM and a binding capacity of 26 fmol/mg protein. Binding was dependent on protein concentration, time, temperature, the presence of protease inhibitors, and pH and was sensitive to Na+, K+, Mg2+, and ethylene glycolbis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Competition experiments indicated that L-365,260, a selective CCK-B (gastrin) receptor antagonist, was the most potent displacer of 125I-CCK-8, and no significant displacement of binding was found with the selective CCK-A receptor antagonist. Growth of PANC-1 cells in culture was stimulated by CCK at a concentration consistent with the Kd, and CCK-stimulated growth was inhibited by the CCK-B receptor antagonist (L-365,260) not the CCK-A receptor antagonist (L-364,718).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)