gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Care or Cash? The Effect of Child Care Subsidies on Student Performance (2012)

Given the wide use of childcare subsidies across countries, it is surprising how little we know about the effect of these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are able to isolate the effects of childcare subsidies on both parental and student outcomes. We find very small and statistically insignificant effects of childcare subsidies on childcare utilization and parental labor force participation. Despite this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic aptitude.
A distributed control scheme in multi-hop packet radio networks for voice/data traffic support (2002)

The paper presents a self-organizing, multihop packet radio network architecture for multimedia. This architecture relies on the code division access scheme. Nodes are organized into subsets called clusters. Within a cluster, any two nodes are one hop away from each other. All links in a cluster are assigned a common spread-spectrum code. Channel access in a cluster is implemented using a round robin scheme for data traffic and a piggyback scheme with bandwidth reservation for real time traffic. At call setup time, this architecture constructs virtual circuits and allocates bandwidth to each real time session. This multicluster architecture provides a good spatial reuse of the bandwidth. Since none of the nodes need to keep accurate common time, it eliminates the overhead of a global clock or time synchronization mechanism.
Regulation and distinct physiological roles of manganese in bacteria (2021)

Manganese (Mn2+) is an essential trace element within organisms spanning the entire tree of life. In this review, we provide an overview of Mn2+ transport and the regulation of its homeostasis in bacteria, with a focus on its functions beyond being a cofactor for enzymes. Crucial differences in Mn2+ homeostasis exist between bacterial species that can be characterized to have an iron- or manganese-centric metabolism. Highly iron-centric species require minimal Mn2+ and mostly use it as a mechanism to cope with oxidative stress. As a consequence, tight regulation of Mn2+ uptake is required, while organisms that use both Fe2+ and Mn2+ need other layers of regulation for maintaining homeostasis. We will focus in detail on manganese-centric bacterial species, in particular lactobacilli, that require little to no Fe2+ and use Mn2+ for a wider variety of functions. These organisms can accumulate extraordinarily high amounts of Mn2+ intracellularly, enabling the nonenzymatic use of Mn2+ for decomposition of reactive oxygen species while simultaneously functioning as a mechanism of competitive exclusion. We further discuss how Mn2+ accumulation can provide both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria with advantages in thriving in their niches.
Emerging challenges: Mobile networking for “Smart Dust” (2000)

Large-scale networks of wireless sensors are becoming increasingly tractable. Advances in hardware technology and engineering design have led to dramatic reductions in size, power consumption and cost for digital circuitry, wireless communications and Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). This has enabled very compact, autonomous and mobile nodes, each containing one or more sensors, computation and communication capabilities, and a power supply. The missing ingredient is the networking and applications layers needed to harness this revolutionary capability into a complete system. We review the key elements of the emergent technology of “Smart Dust” and outline the research challenges they present to the mobile networking and systems community, which must provide coherent connectivity to large numbers of mobile network nodes co-located within a small volume.
Model based evaluation of plant improvement strategies for biological nutrient removal (1999)

An activated sludge model for biological N- and P-removal was developed, which describes anoxic and aerobic P-uptake based on bacterial metabolism. This model was tested in practice on two wastewater treatment plants, which are BCFS®-processes, which contain activated sludge with a high fraction of denitrifying P-removing bacteria (DPB's). The model appeared to be able to give an adequate description of the performance of these treatment plants under different conditions. If the process parameters are well defined almost no calibration of the biokinetic parameters was necessary. In the simulation of Dalfsen wwtp, which has a complex control scheme, it was possible to give an adequate simulation of the control actions and the concentration profiles in a rather simple way, showing that detailed simulation of these controllers was not necessary. With the calibrated model it was possible to analyse bottlenecks and give suggestions for upgrading of the concerned treatments plants. The simulation results were used in decisions on investments.
Infrared light power transmission limitation of optical fibers (2021)

Luminescence from silica defects is associated with a multiphoton absorption mechanism, responsible for strong nonlinear losses in graded-index multimode optical fibers. Our experiments reveal the existence of a fundamental limitation to the power transmission capabilities of optical fibers.
Genetic and clinical landscape of breast cancers with germline BRCA1/2 variants (2020)

The genetic and clinical characteristics of breast tumors with germline variants, including their association with biallelic inactivation through loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) and second somatic mutations, remain elusive. We analyzed germline variants of 11 breast cancer susceptibility genes for 1,995 Japanese breast cancer patients, and identified 101 (5.1%) pathogenic variants, including 62 BRCA2 and 15 BRCA1 mutations. Genetic analysis of 64 BRCA1/2-mutated tumors including TCGA dataset tumors, revealed an association of biallelic inactivation with more extensive deletions, copy neutral LOH, gain with LOH and younger onset. Strikingly, TP53 and RB1 mutations were frequently observed in BRCA1- (94%) and BRCA2- (9.7%) mutated tumors with biallelic inactivation. Inactivation of TP53 and RB1 together with BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively, involved LOH of chromosomes 17 and 13. Notably, BRCA1/2 tumors without biallelic inactivation were indistinguishable from those without germline variants. Our study highlights the heterogeneity and unique clonal selection pattern in breast cancers with germline variants.
Identification of State-Space Parameters in the Presence of Uncertain Nuisance Parameters (1989)

A methodology is presented to account for the uncertainty in maximum likelihood estimates of state space parameters in the presence of uncertain nuisance parameters. The technique uses the asymptotic normality of the uncertainty in the estimates and the implicit function theorem to determine a correction to the estimate uncertainty evaluated from the Fisher information matrix. Efficient evaluation of the correction using Kalman filters is discussed and a numerical example for the X-22A aircraft is presented.
Facial Gingival Changes With and Without Socket Gap Grafting Following Single Maxillary Anterior Immediate Tooth Replacement: One-Year Results (2020)

This 1-year prospective study evaluated horizontal and vertical facial gingival tissue changes after immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) with and without bone graft in the implant-socket gap (ISG). During IIPP, 10 patients received bone graft material in the ISG (G group), while the other 10 patients did not (NG group). The implants were evaluated for implant stability quotient (ISQ), modified plaque index (mPI), modified bleeding index (mBI), marginal bone level (MBL), facial gingival level (FGL), and facial gingival profile (FGP) changes. The mean ISQ value at 9-month follow-up was statistically significantly greater than on the day of implant surgery (P < .05). The mPI and mBI scores demonstrated that patients were able to maintain a good level of hygiene. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean MBL changes between the G and NG groups (P > .05). There were statistically significant differences in FGL changes between the G (-0.77 mm) and NG (-1.35 mm) groups (P = .035). There were no statistically significant differences in FGP changes between the G and NG groups (P > .05). However, statistically significant differences were noted in FGP change between the 3-12 and 0-12 month intervals in both groups (P < .05). Within the limitations of this study, although no significant differences were noted in FGP changes between groups, G group experienced significantly less FGL changes than NG group. Bone graft material placement into ISG seems to be advantageous for tissue preservation during IIPP. However, future long-term studies, with larger sample size, are needed to validate the efficacy of such procedure.
Interactions between location and task affect the spatial and directional firing of hippocampal neurons (1995)

When rats forage for randomly dispersed food in a high walled cylinder the firing of their hippocampal "place" cells exhibits little dependence on the direction faced by the rat. On radial arm mazes and similar tasks, place cells are strongly directionally selective within their fields. These tasks differ in several respects, including the visual environment, configuration of the traversable space, motor behavior (e.g., linear and angular velocities), and behavioral context (e.g., presence of specific, consistent goal locations within the environment). The contributions of these factors to spatial and directional tuning of hippocampal neurons was systematically examined in rats performing several tasks in either an enriched or a sparse visual environment, and on different apparati. Place fields were more spatially and directionally selective on a radial maze than on an open, circular platform, regardless of the visual environment. On the platform, fields were more directional when the rat searched for food at fixed locations, in a stereotypic and directed manner, than when the food was scattered randomly. Thus, it seems that place fields are more directional when the animal is planning or following a route between points of special significance. This might be related to the spatial focus of the rat's attention (e.g., a particular reference point). Changing the behavioral task was also accompanied by a change in firing location in about one-third of the cells. Thus, hippocampal neuronal activity appears to encode a complex interaction between locations, their significance and the behaviors the rat is called upon to execute.
Supplementary Tables S2-S5 from Targeting Germline- and Tumor-Associated Nucleotide Excision Repair Defects in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S2-S5&lt;/p&gt;
Microcomputer interfaced spectrophotometer for kinetic studies (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrocomputer interfaced spectrophotometer for kinetic studiesC. S. Nichols, J. N. Demas, and T. H. CromartieCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 1, 205–207Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50051a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50051a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Transcutaneous Implanted Battery Recharging and Biotelemeter Power Switching System (1982)

A system has been developed for extending the lifetime of an implantable biotelemeter (or potentially a variety of implantable electronic devices), first by recharging implanted nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries via radio frequency power transmitted from an external portable source, and second by providing on/off electronic power switching which, when activated externally, allows for shutdown of the biotelemeter when not required and subsequent powering up when needed. The battery pack, which has been successfully evaluated in the dog, uses four sealed NiCd 100 mA ·h, 1.25 V dc cells which can be "quick charged" at 40 mA in 2.5 h. Higher or lower charge rates are available and the charging rate is telemetered for continuous battery status indication. The system has been designed to charge the implanted batteries through 13 mm tissue thickness, using 50 mm diameter transmitting and receiving coils. The on/off operation of the system is limited to a maximum 100 mm coil spacing. The switching circuitry has been implemented on a 28 ×43 mm ceramic substrate with reflow soldered integrated circuit leadless inverted devices (LID's®) and resistor and capacitor chips. It is expected that the reflow soldering can be duplicated easily by other investigators on either ceramic or glass-epoxy boards. The power transmitter and its battery pack are intended for placement in an animal jacket. The transmitter has a 2.5 W dc power input and will operate from a 1.2 A ·h, 12 V dc battery pack for the required recharging period.
Evidence of increased intestinal absorption of cholesterol after the replacement of dietary saturated with unsaturated fats. Findings from the RISSCI-1 study (2022)

This abstract was presented as the Nutrition in the Treatment, Management and Prevention of Disease Theme highlight. We have previously shown that replacement of dietary saturated fat (SFA) with unsaturated fat (UFA) lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and increases the gene expression of LDL-receptors (LDL-R) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the RISSCI-1 (Reading Imperial Surrey Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention) study This dietary-induced upregulation of LDL-R gene expression has been reported to occur in response to a reduction in endogenous cholesterol synthesis and intra-cellular free cholesterol. The latter, in part, is regulated by a reciprocal 'push-pull' relationship between the endogenous synthesis and intestinal absorption of cholesterol The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of exchanging SFA for UFA on markers of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis of cholesterol.RISSCI-1 was a non-randomised, sequential dietary intervention study, in which 109 healthy men (age 48, SD 11y, BMI 25.1 kg/m 2 SD 3.3) followed two iso-energetic diets; a high SFA (18% total energy (TE))lower UFA (15% TE) diet, followed by a lower SFA (10% TE) -high UFA (24% TE) diet, for 4 weeks each. Plasma non-cholesterol sterols, standardised for total cholesterol and expressed as ratios of non-cholesterol sterol to total cholesterol, were used as validated biomarkers of intestinal cholesterol absorption (-sitosterol, cholestanol, campesterol), and endogenous cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol, desmosterol) Non-cholesterol sterols were measured in plasma samples collected at the end of each diet, using GC-MS and epicoprostanol (5b-cholestan-3a-ol) as an internal standard. Data was analysed by a linear mixed model, with age, BMI, baseline visit, diets (high SFA, low SFA), and study centre included as fixed effects, and participants as a random effect (R version 4.1.2). Replacement of dietary SFA with UFA produced increases of between 15 to 35% in all three plasma biomarkers of intestinal cholesterol absorption (high vs lower SFA diet). Mean cholesterol-standardised ratios (95% CI) were as follows: -sitosterol 0.95 (0.94 -1.01) vs 1.31 (1.27-1.34); cholestanol 1.25 (1.22-1.28) vs 1.44 (1.41-1.47); campesterol 0.91 (0.87-0.94) vs 1.14 (1.11-1.18) all p < 0.0001. Plasma desmosterol increased (0.61 (0.59-0.63) vs 0.66 (0.65-0.68)) p < 0.0001, while plasma lathosterol showed no significant change. In conclusion, the consistent increase in biomarkers of intestinal cholesterol absorption is in accord with the replacement of dietary SFA with UFA reducing the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol. However, since there was no evidence of a consistent dietary effect on the biomarkers of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, this fails to support a reciprocal relationship between cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Further insight into these effects will be gained through the stable isotope trace-labelling of dietary saturated fat in a follow-up study (RISSCI-2).
Investigation of the Most Accessible Sites for Hammerhead Ribozymes Targeting HIV-1 env mRNA to Inhibit Viral Replication (2003)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are still a scientific challenge as to their in vivo eradication. Continuous variability of the HIV genome causes the present therapies to lose efficiency over the course of time and prevents the successful development of a vaccine. That’s why; investigation of new therapy methods has come to agenda. In this respect, since all genes are expressed through RNA intermediates and since HIV is a RNA virus, gene therapy employing ribozymes (RNA enzymes) has gained important consideration as a possible treatment for AIDS. Since HIV-1 gp120 and gp41 envelope glycoproteins which provide binding and fusion of HIV to target cells are encoded by HIV envelope (env) gene, one of the factors determining HIV infectivity is expression of the HIV env gene. By selectively decreasing of the HIV env mRNA expression with ribozymes, HIV infectivity can be inhibited. To effectively apply ribozymes as therapeutic agents, they have to be able to access and bind to target RNA. In this study, the most accessible sites for ribozyme targeting in a region of the HIV-1 env RNA encoding gp 120 and gp41 proteins has been investigated using antisense and RNAseH mapping in cell extracts prepared from HIV-1 infected CEM T-lymphocytes.
Antimicrobial Peptide Functionalized Conductive Nanowire Array Electrode as a Promising Candidate for Bacterial Environment Application (2019)

Abstract Conductive polymer electrodes are widely used for electrical signal detection owing to their unique mechanical, redox, and impedance characteristics. However, the performance of electrodes is compromised due to the interference of adhered bacteria and most of the scientists have not taken the microbial environment into consideration during electrode design. Here, a facile approach to construct antimicrobial peptide (AMP) functionalized polypyrrole nanowire array conductive electrodes (PNW‐AMP) is reported. Instead of compromising the electrochemical properties as the other antibacterial agents do, the PNW‐AMP electrodes exhibit excellent redox and low interfacial impedance properties. More importantly, the PNW‐AMP can eliminate bacterial adhesion and maintain electrochemical stability simultaneously in the microbial microenvironment for a long time. The antibacterial rate of the PNW‐AMP electrode reaches 95.8% after exposing the electrode to air for one month, while the charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) value only increases by 9% at a bacterium ( Escherichia. Coli ) concentration of 1 × 10 4 colony forming unit (CFU) mL −1 . This research makes it possible to construct highly stable conductive polymer electrodes for bacterial environment electrical signal detection.
Metabasin Approach for Computing the Master Equation Dynamics of Systems with Broken Ergodicity (2007)

We propose a technique for computing the master equation dynamics of systems with broken ergodicity. The technique involves a partitioning of the system into components, or metabasins, where the relaxation times within a metabasin are short compared to an observation time scale. In this manner, equilibrium statistical mechanics is assumed within each metabasin, and the intermetabasin dynamics are computed using a reduced set of master equations. The number of metabasins depends upon both the temperature of the system and its derivative with respect to time. With this technique, the integration time step of the master equations is governed by the observation time scale rather than the fastest transition time between basins. We illustrate the technique using a simple model landscape with seven basins and show validation against direct Euler integration. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the technique for a realistic glass-forming system (viz., selenium) where direct Euler integration is not computationally feasible.
Total synthesis and absolute stereochemistry of (+)-xestoquinone and xestoquinol (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis and absolute stereochemistry of (+)-xestoquinone and xestoquinolNobuyuki Harada, Tatsuo Sugioka, Hisashi Uda, and Takeo KurikiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 10, 3158–3163Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00297a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00297a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts