gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation of magnetoresistance behavior in magnetic tunnel junctions exchange-biased by synthetic antiferromagnet (2003)

Summary form only given. In a practical density level of MRAM utilizing magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), the cell dimensions are expected to be in the submicron range, where the switching of a magnetic layer is dominated by magnetostatic interactions, causing a significant increase of the switching fields. In particular, a large bias field resulting in a large switching field asymmetry is harmful in MRAM applications. In order to reduce the bias field, a synthetic antiferromagnet (SyAF), instead of a single antiferromagnet, is frequently used as a pinning material. The main focus of the present work is to examine the effects of cell dimensions and the relative Co layer thickness on the magnetoresistance characteristics of MTJs exchange-biased by SyAF.
Content determination of assemble alkaloids of huperzine in huperziaceae and dedentred correspondence analysis based on their UV spectra (2005)

The content of assemble alkaloids of huperzine in 10 different geographical populations of Huperzia serrata and Phlegmariurus cryptomerianus from Zhejiang and Fujian Province was determined,and their phenetic differentiation in chemical composition was studied using the method of dedentred correspondence analysis(DCA) based on their UV spectra.The results showed that:(1)The content of assemble alkaloids of huperzine in leaves are higher than those in stems of both H.serrata and P.cryptomerianus;(2)the content of assemble alkaloids of huperzine in H. serrata in the population from Pan'an is the highest in either leaves or stems, compared with those in other nine populations, thus this population could be considered as the best choice for the cultivation; (3)DCA ordination on their UV spectra showed that the UV spectra of the leaf extracting solution form H. serrata of Pan'an was distinctly different from others, revealing the UV spectra could be applied to identify the sample with higher content of assemble alkaloids of huperzine.
Conformation of tachyplesin I from Tachypleus tridentatus when interacting with lipid matrixes (1992)

The mode of action of tachyplesin I, an antimicrobial cationic heptadecapeptide amide isolated from the hemocyte debris of a horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, toward lipid matrices was studied with synthetic tachyplesin I, its analogs with Phe in place of Trp or Tyr, a linear analog with no disulfide bonds, and two linear short fragments. Circular dichroism spectra showed that tachyplesin I took an antiparallel beta-structure in buffer solution and a certain less ordered structure in acidic liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine and egg phosphatidylglycerol (3:1). Spectrophotometric titration of the peptides with laurylphosphorylcholine revealed that both Trp and Tyr residues orient toward the inside of lipid matrices, suggesting that they are on the same side of the peptide backbone. The carboxyfluorescein leakage experiment and fluorescence data indicated that tachyplesin I interacted strongly with neutral and acidic lipid bilayers and an aromaticity-rich hydrophobic part of the peptide was embedded in lipid membranes. All the peptides except for the short fragments were almost equally active in lipopolysaccharide binding. The energy-transfer experiment showed that a conformational change occurred such that the Tyr and Trp residues are positioned more closely to each other in acidic liposomes than in buffer solution. The present study strongly suggested that amphipathic lipid bilayers induced a conformational change of tachyplesin I from an energetically stable beta-structure to a less ordered, probably more amphipathic structure.
The Threonine Protease Activity of Testes-Specific Protease 50 (TSP50) Is Essential for Its Function in Cell Proliferation (2012)

Our data highlight the importance of threonine 310, the most critical protease catalytic site in TSP50, to TSP50-induced cell proliferation and tumor formation.
Neuroactive Neurosteroids as Endogenous Effectors for the Sigma1 (.SIGMA.1) Receptor. Pharmacological Evidence and Therapeutic Opportunities. (1999)

Neuroactive neurosteroids, including progesterone, allopregnanolone, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone, represent steroid hormones synthesized de novo in the brain and acting locally on nervous cells. Neurosteroids modulate several neurotransmitter systems such as gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and acetylcholine receptors. As physiologic consequences, they are involved in neuronal plasticity, learning and memory processes, aggression and epilepsy, and they modulate the responses to stress, anxiety and depression. The sigma1-receptor protein was recently purified and its cDNA was cloned in several species. The amino-acid sequences are structurally unrelated to known mammalian proteins, but shared homology with a fungal sterol C8-C7 isomerase. The sigma1-receptor ligands exert a potent neuromodulation on excitatory neurotransmitter systems, including the glutamate and cholinergic systems. Consequently, selective sigma1 agonists show neuroprotective properties and beneficial effects in memory processes, stress and depression. The evidence of a direct interaction between neurosteroids and sigma1 receptors was first suggested by the ability of several steroids to inhibit the binding of sigma1-receptor radioligands in vitro and in vivo. A crossed pharmacology between neurosteroids and sigma1-receptor ligands was described in several physiological tests and behavioral responses. This review will detail the recent evidence for a common mechanism of action between neurosteroids and sigma1-receptor ligands and focus on the potential therapeutic interests of such interaction in the physiopathology of learning and memory impairments, stress, depression and neuroprotection.
Introduction and Diffusion: Useful and Reliable Knowledge in Early Modern Industrial Japan (2021)

This article explores a key theme in recent scholarship: the impact of the circulation movement of ideas and information by examining, in this case focusing on the spread of weaving techniques across Japanese markets during the Tokugawa (1603-1868) reign. The dissemination of useful knowledge in this period relied on practitioners like artisans and merchants, on wealthy farmers, and family networks in regional communities also influenced this process, as did the conditions inhibiting or encouraging the development, adoption, adaptation, and elaboration of new technologies. Mobility, public culture, and networks played a significant role in the diffusion of knowledge in eighteenth-century Europe, and Japan's weaving in the Tokugawa period provides a non-Western parallel. Thus Japan's case suggests the necessity of further discussion about the "creation" of technological knowledge beyond the "introduction and diffusion" of ideas and information in the context of the Great Divergence debate.
Longer term strategic decision making for coal-based power systems incorporating CO<SUB align="right">2 sequestration (2017)

This research is inspired by forecasts which show that coal-based power plants will remain an important part of the nation's and world's energy mix. However since coal-based plants generate a substantial amount of CO2 with significant impact on the greenhouse effect, CO2 is expected to be further regulated in the future. CCS is a promising technology but has a variety of costs involved in a full systems approach: where, when and how to construct and operate potential new plants, retrofit existing plants, construct and operate injection wells and pipelines. This is strategically important with a planning horizon of 20-40 years. We develop a mathematical programming model of the entire system with consideration of all costs and revenues and environmental regulations. We develop an algorithm incorporating time aggregation and a rolling horizon cascade approach and present computational experiments.
Termination of IL‐6‐induced STAT activation is independent of receptor internalization but requires de novo protein synthesis (2000)

The interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor complex comprises the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R, gp80) and the signal transducer gp130. Binding of IL-6 to its receptor results in dimerization of gp130, activation of the Jak/STAT pathway, and in a down-regulation of IL-6 binding sites by endocytosis. The STAT activation after stimulation is transient, being maximal after 15-30 min and disappearing after 60-90 min. The mechanism which leads to the termination of the signal is still unknown. In this paper we have studied whether the down-modulation of the STAT signal requires the endocytosis of the receptor complex. Our results suggest that the desensitization of the IL-6 signal is not due to internalization of the receptor complex but requires de novo protein synthesis.
De l'utilisation des chromosomes artificiels de plantes comme outil pour la conservation et l'exploitation des ressources génétiques végétales (2000)

Avec le developpement des connaissances en biologie moleculaire et en genomique fonctionnelle et le perfectionnement continuel des technologies employees, il apparait possible de concevoir de nouvelles approches pour resoudre certains des problemes qui se posent a la conservation et l’exploitation des ressources genetiques vegetales, comme la place necessaire, le choix de la procedure en fonction de la plante et le cout. La possibilite d’utiliser des structures telles que des chromosomes artificiels de plante (PAC), similaires dans leur conception aux chromosomes artificiels de levure (YAC) et contenant toute l’information necessaire tant du point de vue des genes eux-memes que de leur controle, pourrait etre une de ces approches du futur.
H∞ deconvolution filtering, prediction, and smoothing: a Krein space polynomial approach (2000)

This correspondence is concerned with the infinite horizon H/spl infin/ deconvolution for discrete time-invariant systems described by polynomial equations. A simple frequency domain approach in Krein space is developed for the deconvolution problem. With the help of an ARMA innovation model, solutions to the problems of deconvolution filtering, prediction, and fixed lag smoothing are obtained. The estimators are calculated by performing one J-spectral factorization.
Protein Kinase Cν/Protein Kinase D3 Nuclear Localization, Catalytic Activation, and Intracellular Redistribution in Response to G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists (2003)

The protein kinase D (PKD) family consists of three serine/threonine kinases: PKC micro/PKD, PKD2, and PKCnu/PKD3. Whereas PKD has been the focus of most studies, virtually nothing is known about the effect of G protein-coupled receptor agonists (GPCR) on the regulatory properties and intracellular distribution of PKD3. Consequently, we examined the mechanism that mediates its activation and intracellular distribution. GPCR agonists induced a rapid activation of PKD3 by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway that leads to the phosphorylation of the activation loop of PKD3. Comparison of the steady-state distribution of endogenous or tagged PKD3 versus PKD and PKD2 in unstimulated cells indicated that whereas PKD and PKD2 are predominantly cytoplasmic, PKD3 is present both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. This distribution of PKD3 results from its continuous shuttling between both compartments by a mechanism that requires a nuclear import receptor and a competent CRM1-nuclear export pathway. Cell stimulation with the GPCR agonist neurotensin induced a rapid and reversible plasma membrane translocation of PKD3 that is PKC-dependent. Interestingly, the nuclear accumulation of PKD3 can be dramatically enhanced in response to its activation. Thus, this study demonstrates that the intracellular distribution of PKD isoenzymes are distinct, and suggests that their signaling properties are regulated by differential localization.
Hierarchical network analysis of co-occurring bioentities in literature (2022)

Biomedical databases grow by more than a thousand new publications every day. The large volume of biomedical literature that is being published at an unprecedented rate hinders the discovery of relevant knowledge from keywords of interest to gather new insights and form hypotheses. A text-mining tool, PubTator, helps to automatically annotate bioentities, such as species, chemicals, genes, and diseases, from PubMed abstracts and full-text articles. However, the manual re-organization and analysis of bioentities is a non-trivial and highly time-consuming task. ChexMix was designed to extract the unique identifiers of bioentities from query results. Herein, ChexMix was used to construct a taxonomic tree with allied species among Korean native plants and to extract the medical subject headings unique identifier of the bioentities, which co-occurred with the keywords in the same literature. ChexMix discovered the allied species related to a keyword of interest and experimentally proved its usefulness for multi-species analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE DER 3‐DESOXY‐3‐METHYLAMINO‐D‐RIBOFURANOSE (1971)

Abstract Zur Herstellung des Methyl‐3‐desoxy‐2,5‐di‐O‐acetyl‐3‐(N‐methylacetamido)‐ α‐D‐ribofuranosides (VI) wird Methyl‐2,3‐anhydro‐α‐D‐lyxofuranosid (I) mit wasserfreiem Methylamin quantitativ in das 3‐Methylamin‐Derivat (II) umgewandelt, (II) acetyliert, das Diacetat (III) (82% Ausbeute) selektiv zu der N‐Acetylmethylamino‐Verbindung (IV) (78% Ausbeute) verseift, (IV) mit p‐Toluolsulfonylchlorid acyliert und das Ditosylat (V) durch Erhitzen mit wasserfreiem Natriumacetat in 2‐Methoxyäthanol zu (VI) (93% Ausbeute) umacyliert.
The Impact of High-K Gate Dielectrics on Sub 100 nm CMOS Circuit Performance (2001)

The potential impact of high permittivity gate dielectrics 0n the circuit performance is studied over a wide range of gate dielectrics using 2-Dimensional device and monte-carlo simulations. It is found that there is a decrease in parasitic outer fringe capacitance, gate to channel capacitance and all increase in internal fringe capacitance, when the conventional silicon dioxide is replaced by high-K gate dielectrics. The lower parasitic outer fringe capacitance is beneficial in reducing the circuit delay, while an increase in internal fringe capacitance and decrease in gate to channel capacitance will degrade the gain, power dissipation and noise margin of the circuit. AIso, from the circuit point of view, at the 70nm technology generation, the presence of all optimum K gate for different sub-threshold leakage currents has been identified.
Electrostatic traps for dipolar excitons (2005)

We consider the design of two-dimensional electrostatic traps for dipolar indirect excitons. We show that the exciton dipole-dipole interaction, combined with the in-plane electric fields that arise due to the trap geometry, constrains the maximal density and lifetime of trapped excitons. We derive an analytic estimate of these values and determine their dependence on the trap geometry, thus suggesting the optimal design for high density trapping as a route for observing excitonic Bose-Einstein condensation.
Phenotype changes of oral epithelial stem cells after in vitro culture (2020)

The aim of our study was to isolate populations of keratinocyte stem cells based on the expression of cell surface markers and to investigate whether the culture could affect their phenotype. keratinocytes from human oral mucosa were sorted based on the expression of the epithelial stem cell markers p75NTR and CD71. We also examined the co-expression of other epithelial stem markers such as integrins β1 and α6 and their stem cell-like proprieties in in vitro assays. Three passages after being sorted by MACS, more than 93% of the p75NTR+ve cells lost the expression of p75NTR, while 5.46% of the p75NTR-ve gained it. Within the small population of the p75NTR+ve cells, 88% co-expressed other epithelial stem cell markers such as integrins β1 and α6, while only 28% of p75NTR-ve cells co-expressed these markers. These results were confirmed by sorting cells by FACS. Additionally, when double staining was used for sorting cells, 99% of the p75NTR+veCD71-ve and 33% of the p75NTR-veCD71+ve cells expressed both integrins, but just one week after culture, only 1.74% of the p75NTR+veCD71-ve cells still expressed p75NTR and only 0.32% still expressed CD71. Similar results were obtained when co-culturing p75NTR+ve and p75NTR-ve populations before analysis. Our results suggest that phenotype changes may be part of an intrinsic cellular mechanism to conserve levels of protein expression as they may found in the human body. In addition, in vitro culture may not offer ideal conditions for epithelial stem cell maintenance due to phenotype changes under standard culture conditions.
Selective Introduction of Organic Groups to C60 and C70 Using Organoboron Compounds and Rhodium Catalyst: A New Synthetic Approach to Organo(hydro)fullerenes (2010)

A Rh-catalyzed reaction of C(60) and C(70) with organoboron compounds is described. This new catalytic method enables introduction of various organic groups onto C(60) and C(70). [Rh(cod)(MeCN)(2)]BF(4) proved to be the most effective catalyst in terms of productivity and selectivity. The reaction generally proceeds with a high regioselectivity and in a mono-addition selective manner. It was found that water is an essential additive to promote the reaction. By X-ray crystal structure analysis, we have confirmed the reaction site of organometallic-based hydroarylation of C(70) for the first time. Various functional fullerenes, such as fullerene-tagged amino acids and fullerene-capped π systems, can be synthesized. The X-ray crystal structure of biphenyl-attached C(60) revealed an interesting opportunity for the well-organized alignment of bucky balls by taking advantage of CH-π interactions.
Summary of Viray v. State, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 19 (2005)

Organ transplantation has had a major effect on the lives of thousands of patients worldwide. In Australia and New Zealand, over 13 000 patients have become organ transplant recipients (OTR). Following transplantation, patients require lifelong immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection. The loss of immune surveillance results in OTR experiencing a higher incidence of infection and malignancy in comparison with the general (immunocompetent) population. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy worldwide, arising most often on the sun-exposed head and neck. Organ transplant recipients experience a higher incidence of NMSC when compared with the general population and a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma compared with basal cell carcinoma. Organ transplant recipients also develop NMSC at a younger age and experience multiple new NMSC. Australians experience the highest incidence of NMSC in the world with a consequence that NMSC arising in OTR can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. Radiation oncologists treating patients with skin cancer will almost certainly make recommendations in the setting of NMSC arising in OTR. The aim of this article is to discuss the role of radiotherapy in the management of OTR diagnosed with NMSC. The emphasis will be on the treatment of patients with a high-risk NMSC (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, unfavourable basal cell carcinoma) because this reflects the most common clinical scenario in which a recommendation of radiotherapy, usually adjuvant, may be considered.
Effect of 3D isotropic resolutions of sequenced images on natural vibration properties of trabecular bone (2013)

The voxel based finite element (FE) method used to obtain primary data for non-invasive imaging techniques has emerged as a major focus of interest in several disciplines such as medicine, mechanics and material engineering for solving micro and nano-scale problems. Owing to the fact that, voxel based FE models are directly affected by parameters of imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the consequences of these effects on the natural vibration analysis of structures having complex geometry in micro scale, are investigated in this study. In this context, voxel based FE models are obtained using Micro-CT imaging data that has three different resolutions of vertebral trabecular bone tissue. Furthermore, resolutions of image data sets are artificially increased and equalized for evaluating voxel based FE models that are free from FE size effects. Natural vibration characteristics of voxel based FE models are investigated not only numerically but also including associated mode shapes. Unpredictable vibrational behavior for various voxel sizes, is, thus, revealed. Element size effects of voxel based FE models are considerably different from the effects on structural components with regular prismatic shapes. Obtained results show that, investigated parameters have a crucial influence on the natural vibration behavior of trabecular bone tissue which is selected as an example of complex geometries. Modal behaviors that are effective in micro local regions, but less in the whole body, where there are possibilities for working with approximate geometry without considering the micro structure have been observed. Moreover, the results are new from a theoretical point of view, and they also represent the importance of quality in imaging data, which, in practical applications must be taken into consideration.
Exploiting application dynamism and cloud elasticity for continuous dataflows (2013)

Contemporary continuous dataflow systems use elastic scaling on distributed cloud resources to handle variable data rates and to meet applications' needs while attempting to maximize resource utilization. However, virtualized clouds present an added challenge due to the variability in resource performance -- over time and space -- thereby impacting the application's QoS. Elastic use of cloud resources and their allocation to continuous dataflow tasks need to adapt to such infrastructure dynamism. In this paper, we develop the concept of "dynamic dataflows" as an extension to continuous dataflows that utilizes alternate tasks and allows additional control over the dataflow's cost and QoS. We formalize an optimization problem to perform both deployment and runtime cloud resource management for such dataflows, and define an objective function that allows trade-off between the application's value against resource cost. We present two novel heuristics, local and global, based on the variable sized bin packing heuristics to solve this NP-hard problem. We evaluate the heuristics against a static allocation policy for a dataflow with different data rate profiles that is simulated using VM performance traces from a private cloud data center. The results show that the heuristics are effective in intelligently utilizing cloud elasticity to mitigate the effect of both input data rate and cloud resource performance variabilities on QoS.
Perturbation theory of nonlinear resonators with an application to Kerr-lens mode locking (1996)

The beam propagation in nonlinear optical systems and resonators is formulated by means of operators, and a perturbation method is used to solve, to the first order, the problem of calculation of the nonlinear losses caused by intracavity nonlinearities. Steady-state situations and weak nonlinearities are assumed, but no other restrictions concerning the type of nonlinearity and the resonator structure are imposed. The main result is a simple, closed-form expression of the resonator-loss perturbations that can be determined without the preliminary calculation of the nonlinear self-consistent cavity field, and it has a clear physical interpretation. As an example of an application, a formula for the nonlinear losses of resonators used for Kerr-lens mode locking is derived in the context of Gaussian modes. The result, which is valid for any type of resonator, is numerically illustrated in a few cases of practical relevance.