gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Damage to Sperm DNA: Clinical Implications (2014)

Background: Sperm DNA is susceptible to oxidative damage due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors which cause oxidative stress and due to limited DNA damage detection and repair mechanism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the chief cause of sperm DNA damage. So, this study was planned to assess oxidative stress levels and correlate with sperm DNA damage.
Material and Method: The study included 35 men who had fathered a child in the last one year and 54 male partners of couple experiencing primary infertility. Semen analysis was done according to World Health Organization (1999) criteria. ROS measurement was done by direct chemiluminescence method using luminol as a probe. DNA damage was assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and expressed as percentage DFI. 8- Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) estimation was carried out by competitive ELISA.
Results: The seminal ROS level (RLU/sec/million sperm) was significantly higher (40.52 ± 18.32) in infertile men as compared to fertile controls (14.04 ± 6.67) (p<0.0001). The mean values of 8-OHdG levels (pg/ml) were also significantly higher in patients (30.92 ± 3.27) as compared to fertile controls (14.29 ± 2.24) (p<0.0001) and mean DFI (%) of infertile men was found to be 35.48 ± 12.95, which was higher as compared to controls (24.18 ± 8.76). There was a strong positive correlation between these parameters.
Conclusion: Majority of the sperm DNA damage in infertile men is caused by oxidative damage to the genomic DNA. In presence of limited DNA damage detection and repair mechanism in sperm, prevention of oxidative stress by simple lifestyle interventions may actually be therapeutic.
Octahedral Copper(II) and Tetrahedral Copper(I) Double-Strand Helicates: Chiral Self-Recognition and Redox Behavior (2009)

The racemic form of 5 ((RR)5 + (SS)5) gives dinuclear complexes of 2:2 stoichiometry both with Cu(II), acting as a bis-terdentate ligand, and with Cu(I), acting as a bis-bidentate ligand. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the Cu(II) complex exists as double-strand homochiral helicate molecules: P,P-[Cu(2)(II)((RR)5)(2)](4+) and M,M-[Cu(2)(II)((SS)5)(2)](4+); in which the two trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine subunits have the same chirality for of the two strands. Each Cu(II) metal center is six-coordinated according to a cis-octahedral geometry and interacts with a NNO donor subunit of each strand. The Cu(I) complex, when crystallized from THF in the presence of (rac)5, gives a double-strand homochiral helicate complex and in the solid state forms a racemic mixture of the homochiral metal complexes M,M-[Cu(2)(I)((RR)5)(2)](2+) and P,P-[Cu(2)(I)((SS)5)(2)](2+). When crystallizing from a MeCN solution, Cu(I) and (rac)5 give rise to the heterochiral nonhelicate dimeric complex [Cu(2)(I)((RR)5)((SS)5)](2+), in which the two strands of the dimer have inverse configuration of the trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine subunits and are assembled side-by-side. In both structural architectures, the Cu(I) centers are four-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from each strand, according to a distorted tetrahedral geometry. In MeCN solution, the dinuclear Cu(II) complex disassembles to give the mononuclear species, which, on reduction at a platinum electrode in a cyclic voltammetry experiment, gives two Cu(I) mononuclear complexes that quickly assemble to give the dinuclear Cu(I) complex. This complex undergoes two consecutive one-electron oxidation processes, but the dinuclear Cu(II) species that forms decomposes in less than 1 s. On the contrary, the [Cu(2)(I)((rac)5)(2)](2+) complex is stable in MeCN solution and undergoes two one-electron oxidation processes to give a form of dinuclear Cu(II) complex that lasts in solution for more than 20 s.
Neuartige killer-dendritische Zellen induzieren zytopathische CD8+ T17 Zellen (2010)

Fragestellung: Jüngst wurden neuartige Subsets von NK Zellen beschrieben, welche phänotypische Eigenschaften dendritischer Zellen (DCs) besitzen. Es ist bisher unklar, welche Rolle diese DC-artigen NK Zellen (NKDCs) in der CD8-T-Zellantwort spielen, was jedoch ein entscheidendes immunologisches Problem darstellt.
Antioxidant compounds in Rhoicissus tridentata extracts may explain their antibabesial activity : research in action (2006)

Traditional herbal remedies are used 
widely in South Africa for the treatment of ailments in people and animals. Rhoicissus tridentatal/Ig (wild grape) is one of the 
plant species used for the treatment of the 
tick-borne cattle disease, babesiosis. In an 
in vitrol/Ig assay, extracts had no inhibitory antibabesial 
activity. Since babesia is similar to 
the malaria parasite, we postulate that 
R. tridentatal/Ig may indirectly aid in the management 
of babesiosis by reducing antioxidant 
cellular injury. As the first step in testing 
this hypothesis, wequantified the antioxidant 
capacity of cultivated R. tridentata. Acetone 
extracts of different plant parts had good antioxidant 
activity in the diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl 
assay and in the trolox equivalent 
antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC value of 
2.5). HPLC analysis demonstrated that the 
activity was in part due to the presence of 
catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, and 
epigallo-catechin-gallate in the tuber acetone 
extracts. It is therefore plausible that 
R. tridentatal/Ig may have an effect in animals 
infected with babesiosis by limiting the degree 
of oxidative cellular injury.
Role of individual amino acids of apolipoprotein A-I in the activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and in HDL rearrangements (2001)

The central region of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), spanning residues 143--165, has been implicated in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation and also in high density lipoprotein (HDL) structural rearrangements. To examine the role of individual amino acids in these functions, we constructed, overexpressed, and purified two additional point mutants of apoA-I (P143R and R160L) and compared them with the previously studied V156E mutant. These mutants have been reported to occur naturally and to affect HDL cholesterol levels and cholesterol esterification in plasma. The P143R and R160L mutants were effectively expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins and were isolated in at least 95% purity. In the lipid-free state, the mutants self-associated similarly to wild-type protein. All the mutants, including V156E, were able to lyse dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. In the lipid-bound state, the major reconstituted HDL (rHDL) of the mutants had diameters similar to wild type (96--98 A). Circular dichroism and fluorescence methods revealed no major differences among the structures of the lipid-free or lipid-bound mutants and wild type. In contrast, the V156E mutant had exhibited significant structural, stability, and self-association differences compared with wild-type apoA-I in the lipid-free state, and formed rHDL particles with larger diameters. In this study, limited proteolytic digestion with chymotrypsin showed that the V156E mutant, in lipid-free form, has a distinct digestion pattern and surface exposure of the central region, compared with wild type and the other mutants. Reactivity of rHDL with LCAT was highest for wild type (100%), followed by P143R (39%) and R160L (0.6%). Tested for their ability to rearrange into 78-A particles, the rHDL of the two mutants (P143R and R160L) behaved normally, compared with the rHDL of V156E, which showed no rearrangement after the 24-h incubation with low density lipoprotein (LDL). Similarly, the rHDL of V156E was resistant to rearrangement in the presence of apoA-I or apoA-II. These results indicate that structural changes are absent or modest for the P143R and R160L mutants, especially in rHDL form; that these mutants have normal conformational adaptability; and that LCAT activation is obliterated for R160L.Thus, individual amino acid changes may have markedly different structural and functional consequences in the 143--165 region of apoA-I. The R160L mutation appears to have a direct effect in LCAT activation, while the P143R mutation results in only minor structural and functional effects. Also, the processes for LCAT activation and hinge mobility appear to be distinct even if the same region of apoA-I is involved. -- Cho, K-H., D. M. Durbin, and A. Jonas. Role of individual amino acids of apolipoprotein A-I in the activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and in HDL rearrangements. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 379--389.
High density near field readout over 50 GB capacity using a solid immersion lens with high refractive index (2003)

We have already reported a high density near field readout system with a GaN blue laser of 405 nm wavelength and an optical pick-up of an effective numerical aperture (NA) of 1.4. A readout performance of the near field readout system depends on the optical parameters, namely the NA of a solid immersion lens (SIL) and the laser wavelength. With a relative high refractive index glass material, we can design a SIL with higher NA. In this study, by using a glass with the refractive index of 2.08, we developed the optical pick-up with the effective NA of 1.8. We could observe a clear eye pattern for 50 GB capacity ROM in a /spl phi/120 mm single side disc.
Novel 7-oxy-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)coumarin substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties (2015)

The novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine complexes bearing tetra or octa-[7-oxy-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)coumarin] moieties were synthesized for the first time in this study. These phthalocyanines were characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1 H NMR, electronic absorption spectra, MALDI-TOF mass and elemental analyses as well. The photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation, photostability and photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes were investigated in [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions. The effect of the structure (the position and number of the coumarin groups on phthalocyanine framework) of novel phthalocyanines on these properties was also determined in this study.
Determination of metachronal wave direction and wavelength of beating ciliary cells from correlation map using digitized images (2002)

By calculating correlation factor between two signals from different sites using digitized images of beating ciliary cells, the direction of uniphase lines was defined and the metachronal wavelength was calculated along the direction perpendicular to this. From the correlation map showing spatially the phase difference between beating cilia, the direction of uniphase lines was determined by the principal axis method. The metachronal wavelength of 8 objects for TSA was in the range of 50-70 pixels, Under our measurement system, the mean wavelength of metachronal wave was found to be 6.24/spl plusmn/0.27[/spl mu/m].
Effect of Ca concentration on Microstructure formation behaviors in AZ61 magnesium alloy (2019)

Abstract Magnesium alloys have been paid attention as lightweight materials in various industrial fields. However, their use is limited by poor formability at room temperature which was caused by the limited number of slip systems. The texture control plays an important role in plastic workability of magnesium. Addition of Ca as alloying element is known to improve the general corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity of magnesium alloys in chloride environment. In order to investigate the Ca concentration on microstructure formation behaviors, Ca addition on AZ magnesium alloy were experimentally investigated by high-temperature uniaxial compression. Uniaxial compression test was conducted at 673K and 723K with a strain rate of 5.0×10 −2 s −1 . The working softening was observed and the main component of texture and the sharpness of basal texture in two kinds of specimens varies depending on the deformation conditions.
Arrhythmic effects of norepinephrine in a model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (1989)

The aim of this study was to assess the direct effects of norepinephrine on mechanisms of arrhythmia induced by conditions of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Isolated canine Purkinje fiber-papillary muscle preparations were studied using standard microelectrode techniques. Tissues were superfused for 40 min with a solution simulating "ischemia" (i.e., hypoxic, acidotic, elevated lactate, and zero substrate) and then "reperfused" for 60 min. Ischemia produced a moderate loss of membrane potential in both tissues. Reperfusion resulted in rapid polarization of the tissues, which was accompanied by oscillatory afterpotentials and aftercontractions in 6 of 12 and 4 of 12 Purkinje fibers, respectively. This was followed by a progressive loss of membrane potential and inexcitability in Purkinje fibers. Recovery was associated with activity resembling depolarization-induced automaticity in 4 of 12 fibers. Addition of norepinephrine (0.5 microM) to the ischemic and reperfusion solutions altered primarily the reperfusion responses. Oscillatory afterpotentials and aftercontractions were larger and occurred in 8 of 8 and 6 of 8 Purkinje fibers, respectively. Norepinephrine also prevented or blunted the progressive depolarization to inexcitability in Purkinje tissues and increased automaticity occurring at low (depolarization-induced automaticity) and more polarized membrane potentials (enhanced normal pacemaker activity). This study demonstrates that norepinephrine exacerbates several potential mechanisms of arrhythmia elicited by reperfusion in canine Purkinje tissues.
A Rigid Disc for Protection of Exposed Blood Vessels During Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (2012)

NPWT causes hypoperfusion in the wound bed tissue, presumably as a result of mechanical deformation. The insertion of a rigid barrier alleviates this effect and restores blood flow.
On the Number of Rooms in a Rectangular Solid Dissection (2010)

In these years, 3D-LSIs which consist of several silicon layers have been developed and attracted attention. For floorplaning of 3D-LSIs, a rectangular solid dissection, which is a dissection of a rectangular solid into smaller rectangular solids by planes, also has attracted attention and been studied much. However, not so many properties have been clarified about a rectangular solid dissection. This paper presents the relation between the number of rooms and that of walls in a rectangular solid dissection.
Studies of Ultrasonic Sensing Method by Pulse Compression Methodology Using Chirp-Burst Wave : Experimental Evaluation of Precision of Plate Thickness Measurement(Mechanical Systems) (2009)

Various measurement methods using an ultrasonic sensor are generally used for inspecting the strength and reliability of actual structures. Therefore, there is a growing demand for developing accurate and precise ultrasonic sensing techniques. In this study, we aim to examine the precision of the ultrasonic sensing technique using a chirp burst pulse wave and a pulse compression methodology based on the leading edge technology of radar signal processing. In this paper, we present details of the pulse compression methodology, the analysis of the measured data, and the experimental results of the performance test of this method. The performance test demonstrated the plate thickness measurement under a series of experimental conditions. The results of the performance test, based on a comparison of the pulse compression method and conventional rectangle pulse emitted method, are as follows. (1) The effectiveness of pulse compression method is confirmed. (2) The pulse compression method enables high-precision measurement compared with the conventional rectangle pulse method.
Automated Analysis of SEM X-Ray Spectral Images: A Powerful New Microanalysis Tool (2003)

Spectral imaging in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer has the potential to be a powerful tool for chemical phase identification, but the large data sets have, in the past, proved too large to efficiently analyze. In the present work, we describe the application of a new automated, unbiased, multivariate statistical analysis technique to very large X-ray spectral image data sets. The method, based in part on principal components analysis, returns physically accurate (all positive) component spectra and images in a few minutes on a standard personal computer. The efficacy of the technique for microanalysis is illustrated by the analysis of complex multi-phase materials, particulates, a diffusion couple, and a single-pixel-detection problem.
Preparation of Uniform Colloidal Particles of Salts of Tungstophosphoric Acid (1998)

Uniform colloidal particles of thorium and cesium tungstophosphates of different morphologies have been prepared by controlled precipitation. The method consists of direct reaction of aqueous solutions of salts of the corresponding metals and tungstophosphoric acid, H3PW12O40, at elevated temperatures (90 °C) under certain conditions of the reactant concentrations and the pH. The resulting Cs compound was stoichiometric, whereas the thorium heteropoly particles contained excess thorium due to the incorporation of its hydrolysis products, generated under the employed experimental conditions. The Cs compound showed a secondary structure similar to that of the parent acid, while the Th compound was amorphous to X-rays. Both samples exhibited different electrokinetic behavior, the isoelectric point of Cs−tungstophosphate being at pH 1.5, and that of the Th compound at pH 5.4.
Usefulness of Intraoperative Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring in Surgery for Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula (2015)

Introduction : Spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a relatively rare spinal disorder that requires surgical interruption. However, there is a high risk of spinal cord damage during the surgery, especially in the ventral lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring for spinal AVF. Methods : We analyzed data of 22 patients with perimedullary AVF and 14 patients with dural AVF retrospectively. MEPs were recorded by transcranial electrical stimulation and compound muscle action potentials. General anesthesia was maintained using propofol and remifentanil. Results : MEPs deteriorated during the surgery in 6 of 42 operations for perimedullary AVF ; 3 were transient, but 3 were not recovered during the surgery. These latter cases showed postoperative motor deterioration. However, there was no deterioration of MEPs and postoperative course in dural AVF patients. Conclusions : Intraoperative MEP monitoring is an effective and reliable method in spinal AVF surgery.
Normal Bone Density Obtained in the Absence of Insulin Receptor Expression in Bone (2006)

Type I diabetes is characterized by little or no insulin production and hyperglycemic conditions. It is also associated with significant bone loss and increased bone marrow adiposity. To examine the role of reduced insulin signaling in type I diabetic bone loss without inducing hyperglycemia, we used genetically reconstituted insulin receptor knockout mice (IRKO-L1) that are euglycemic as a result of human insulin receptor transgene expression in the pancreas, liver, and brain. RT-PCR analyses demonstrated undetectable levels of insulin receptor expression in IRKO-L1 bone, yet IRKO-L1 bones exhibit similar (and trend toward greater) bone density compared with wild-type animals as determined by microcomputed tomography. More detailed bone analyses indicated that cortical bone area was increased in tibias of IRKO-L1 mice. Osteoblast markers (osteocalcin and runx2 mRNA levels) and resorption markers (serum pyridinoline levels) were similar in wild-type and IRKO-L1 bones. When marrow adiposity was examined, we noticed a decrease in adipocyte number and fatty-acid-binding protein 2 expression in IRKO-L1 mice compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow stromal cell cultures obtained from wild-type and IRKO-L1 mice demonstrated similar adipogenic and osteogenic potentials, indicating that systemic factors likely contribute to differences in marrow adiposity in vivo. Interestingly, IGF-I receptor mRNA levels were elevated in IRKO-L1 bones, suggesting (in combination with hyperinsulinemic conditions) that increased IGF-I receptor signaling may represent a compensatory response and contribute to the changes in cortical bone. Taken together, these results suggest that reduced insulin receptor signaling in bone is not a major factor contributing to bone loss in type I diabetes.
Differential Effects of MicroRNAs on Glioblastoma Growth and Migration (2013)

Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized by rapid proliferation, aggressive metastatic potential, and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. The matricellular protein CYR61 regulates cellular proliferation and migration and is highly expressed in Glioblastomas. MicroRNAs are 22-nucleotides long RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Here, we utilized the LN229 glioblastoma cell line and found that CYR61 is a target of miR-136, miR-155, and miR-634. Over-expression of miR-136 and miR-634 miRNAs negatively affected proliferation, but not migration, while expression of miR-155 reduced migration but did not affect the proliferation of LN229 cells. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms affected by expression of miR-634 revealed an increased phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase, suggesting an induction of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 pathway. Additionally, in miR-634 overexpressing cells, TSC2, a negative regulator of mTOR signaling, was found to be decreased. Altogether, our study provides insights on the differential roles of miRs-136, -155, and -634 in regulating glioblastoma cell growth and migration, and how microRNAs could be manipulated to decrease the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells.
Polymer networks containing crystallizable poly(octadecyl vinyl ether) segments for shape-memory materials (1999)

New polymer networks were prepared by free radical initiated copolymerization of crystallizable α,ω-bismethacrylate-terminated poly(octadecyl vinyl ether) (polyODVE) with butyl acrylate (BA). The polyODVE bismacromonomers were obtained by end-capping the bifunctionally living cationic polymerization of ODVE with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The segmented networks show a high degree of phase separation over a wide range of compositions. The shape memory properties of a material containing 20 wt.-% of polyODVE are reported.
Differential activity of a tissue-specific extinguisher locus in hepatic and nonhepatic cells. (1989)

Tissue-specific extinguisher 1 (Tse-1) is a genetic locus on mouse chromosome 11 that can repress expression of several liver genes in trans. This locus is clearly active in fibroblasts, as hepatoma cells retaining fibroblast chromosome 11 are extinguished for both tyrosine aminotransferase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression. To assess the activity of Tse-1 in other tissues, we transferred mouse chromosome 11 from several different cell types into rat hepatoma recipients. Tse-1 was active in nonhepatic cell lines derived from each primary germ layer, but Tse-1 activity was not apparent in hybrids between hepatoma cells and primary mouse hepatocytes. These differences in the genetic activity of murine Tse-1 were apparently heritable in cis.