gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Schottky Barrier Nanowire SONOS Memory With Ambipolar n- and p-Channel Cells (2012)

A novel multilevel Schottky barrier nonvolatile nanowire memory is experimentally reported with low-voltage operations and excellent reliability. Using efficient hot-electrons and hot-holes generation associated with Schottky barrier source/drain, the multilevel schemes of silicon nanowire silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) cells are achieved at adequately low gate voltages. The n-channel cells work at a small gate voltage of 5 to 7 V using multilevel electron programming, whereas the p-channel cells operate at a low gate voltage of -7 to -11 V using multilevel hole programming. The roles of electron and hole carriers in the n-channel cells are exchanged in the p-channel nanowire cells because of ambipolar conduction. Both the n- and p-channel multilevel Schottky barrier nanowire SONOS cells preserve excellent thermal retention and cycling endurance for use in practical embedded and stand-alone nonvolatile memories.
Influence of Bi additions on the distinct βSn grain structure of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni-xBi (x = 0–4wt%) (2016)

Effects of Bi additions to Ag-containing lead-free solders have been the focus of a considerable amount of past investigation. However, the influence of Bi on Sn-Cu-Ni solders has not been studied extensively. In the present study, we explore the influence of Bi on microstructure formation of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni/Cu solder joints both in the bulk and at the interface. It is shown that (i) Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solidifies to produce a markedly different grain structure to Ag-containing lead-free alloys, with 5-8 independent βSn grains in each joint; (ii) Bi additions to Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni maintain this distinct βSn grain structure and had no discernible effect on the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 interfacial intermetallic layers or primary intermetallic crystals.
Definitive depolarization signatures in nanomedicine (2017)

We report on the first measurements of definitive depolarization to access gold nanorod (GNR) perturbation and visualize GNR diffusion, distribution and concentration ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo in biologically and medically relevant scenarios.
The angiogenesis in decellularized scaffold-mediated the renal regeneration (2016)

There are increasing numbers of patients underwent partial nephrectomy, and recovery of disturbed renal function is imperative post partial nephrectomy. We previously have demonstrated the decellularized (DC) scaffolds could mediate the residual kidney regeneration and thus improve disturbed renal function after partial nephrectomy. However, the cellular changes including the angiogenesis in the implanted DC scaffold has not yet been elaborated. In this study, we observed that the scaffold promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that adhered to the DC scaffold in vitro. We next examined the pathological changes of the implanted DC graft in vivo, and found a decreased volume of the scaffold and a dramatic angiogenesis within the scaffold. The average microvessel density (aMVD) increased at the early stage, while decreased at the later stage post transplantation. Expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed similar dynamic changes. In addition, many endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were distributed in the region which contained active angiogenesis in the scaffold. However, the implanted graft became fibrosis and the angiogenesis degraded at final stage roughly 8 weeks post transplantation. Our data indicate that DC scaffold can be vascularized in vivo and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Sexual Function and Dysfunction (1992)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 May 1992Sexual Function and Dysfunction Tom F. LueM.D. Tom F. LueTom F. Lue More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37594-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 147Issue 5May 1992Page: 1457-1459 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tom F. Lue More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Improved Approach to High-Frequency Current Injection-Based Protection for Grounding Electrode Line in High-Voltage Direct Current System (2020)

High-frequency current injection-based protection is widely used for fault detection of a grounding electrode line in high-voltage direct current (HVdc) system. Since the grounding electrode line is several times longer than the wavelength of the injected current, the relationship between the measured impedance and fault distance is very complex. Due to the complex impedance characteristic, the current injection-based protection has a dead zone under some circumstances. To eliminate the protection dead zone, an improved approach to high-frequency current injection-based protection was proposed. First, the characteristics of the high-frequency impedance of the grounding electrode line under different fault conditions were investigated. Analysis results showed that when the line length was close to the integer multiple of the half-wavelength of the injected current, the measured impedance of the grounding electrode line may be the same as normal operation impedance. Thus, the current injection-based protection will be unable to recognize the fault. Second, a two-layer optimum method was proposed to select the frequency of the injected signal. With the new frequency, the current injection-based protection was able to eliminate the dead zone of the traditional protection. Finally, a ±800-kV HVdc simulation model was constructed, and the simulation results verified the accuracy of our conclusions and the effectiveness of our proposed protection method.
Rapid Identification of up to Three Candida Species in a Single Reaction Tube by a 5′ Exonuclease Assay Using Fluorescent DNA Probes (1999)

We used fungus-specific PCR primers and species-specific DNA probes to detect up to three Candida species in a single reaction tube by exploiting the 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase. Probes to the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene were labeled at the 5' end with one of three fluorescent reporter dyes, 6-carboxy-fluorescein (FAM), tetrachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein (TET), or hexachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein (HEX), and at the 3' end with a quencher dye, 6-carboxy-tetramethyl-rhodamine. During PCR amplification, each reporter dye emits a characteristic wavelength as it is cleaved from its specific target DNA and from the quencher dye. Therefore, signals from up to three probes can be detected simultaneously during the PCR assay. Six probes were designed for use in this study: CA-FAM, CT-TET, and CP-HEX were added to one tube to simultaneously detect the typically fluconazole-sensitive species C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, respectively. CG-FAM and CK-TET were added to a second tube to simultaneously detect the typically more innately fluconazole-resistant species C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. All-CAN-TET, a Candida genus probe, was added to a third tube to detect DNAs from all Candida species tested. DNAs recovered from 61 blood culture bottles, including 23 positive for C. albicans, 18 positive for C. glabrata, 6 positive for C. tropicalis, 6 positive for C. krusei, 5 positive for C. parapsilosis, and 3 positive for mixed fungemias, were tested. Control samples included those from blood culture bottles with no growth (n = 10) or from patients with confirmed bacteremia (n = 10). Probes detected and correctly identified the organisms in 58 of 61 specimens (95.1%) and gave no false-positive results. This method is simple and rapid and does not require post-PCR hybridization and incubation steps. It is sensitive and specific for the detection and identification of Candida species from blood culture bottles, including those containing mixtures of Candida species, and should facilitate an earlier specific diagnosis, leading to more appropriately targeted antifungal drug therapy.
Potential Sources of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resistance in Desert Watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis) Germplasm (2015)

Selection for and incorporation of host plant resistance into cultivars is a fundamental strategy to control insects and diseases and may help reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest of watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus ] and is among the most damaging pests in many agricultural systems worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis L., a perennial melon species indigenous to arid regions of northern Africa, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern Asia, is a valuable source of resistance to insect pests and diseases of watermelon. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate selected C. colocynthis genotypes for sources of resistance to B. tabaci . Thirty genotypes of C. colocynthis , collected in different geographic regions, were evaluated against the heirloom cultivar Calhoun Gray using first a horizontal Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. A selected subset of the genotypes was evaluated in a second experiment in the laboratory using a vertical monitoring assay. In this assay, whiteflies could freely move upward to feed and oviposit on leaves placed in the upper portion of a Y-tube. In a third experiment, a choice assay was conducted on selected genotypes in cages in the greenhouse. Of the 30 C. colocynthis genotypes evaluated, PI 346082 (collected in Afghanistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against B. tabaci based on all three experiments. PI 537277 (collected in Pakistan) exhibited a significantly high level of whitefly resistance based on low survival of adult whiteflies and a low ratio of nymphs to eggs. PI 346082 and PI 537277 should be a useful source for breeding projects aiming to improve whitefly resistance in watermelon cultivars.
Novel Type of Specialized Transduction forCTXφ or Its Satellite Phage RS1 Mediated by Filamentous PhageVGJφ in Vibriocholerae (2003)

The main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin, is encoded by the ctxAB operon, which is contained in the genome of the lysogenic filamentous phage CTX phi. This phage transmits ctxAB genes between V. cholerae bacterial populations that express toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), the CTX phi receptor. In investigating new forms of ctxAB transmission, we found that V. cholerae filamentous phage VGJ phi, which uses the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pilus as a receptor, transmits CTX phi or its satellite phage RS1 by an efficient and highly specific TCP-independent mechanism. This is a novel type of specialized transduction consisting in the site-specific cointegration of VGJ phi and CTX phi (or RS1) replicative forms to produce a single hybrid molecule, which generates a single-stranded DNA hybrid genome that is packaged into hybrid viral particles designated HybP phi (for the VGJ phi/CTX phi hybrid) and HybRS phi (for the VGJ phi/RS1 hybrid). The hybrid phages replicate by using the VGJ phi replicating functions and use the VGJ phi capsid, retaining the ability to infect via MSHA. The hybrid phages infect most tested strains more efficiently than CTX phi, even under in vitro optimal conditions for TCP expression. Infection and lysogenization with HybP phi revert the V. cholerae live attenuated vaccine strain 1333 to virulence. Our results reinforce that TCP is not indispensable for the acquisition of CTX phi. Thus, we discuss an alternative to the current accepted evolutionary model for the emergence of new toxigenic strains of V. cholerae and the importance of our findings for the development of an environmentally safer live attenuated cholera vaccine.
Photographic Detection of Faint Stellar Objects (1965)

The theoretical considerations in the photographic detection of faint stellar objects are reviewed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio concepts. It is predicted that slower emulsions will detect fainter stellar objects than the currently used faster plates, provided the detective quantum efficiencies of the two are similar. An experimental plate, one quarter the speed of the currently used plate, has been made and does detect fainter stellar objects, as predicted theoretically. A graphical solution to the determination of the optimum photographic operating condition is given.
ChemInform Abstract: First Application of Hydrogen Bonding Interaction to the Design of Asymmetric Acylation of meso‐Diols with Optically Active Acyl Halides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serine Protease EspP from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Is Sufficient to Induce Shiga Toxin Macropinocytosis in Intestinal Epithelium (2013)

Life-threatening intestinal and systemic effects of the Shiga toxins produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) require toxin uptake and transcytosis across intestinal epithelial cells. We have recently demonstrated that EHEC infection of intestinal epithelial cells stimulates toxin macropinocytosis, an actin-dependent endocytic pathway. Host actin rearrangement necessary for EHEC attachment to enterocytes is mediated by the type 3 secretion system which functions as a molecular syringe to translocate bacterial effector proteins directly into host cells. Actin-dependent EHEC attachment also requires the outer membrane protein intimin, a major EHEC adhesin. Here, we investigate the role of type 3 secretion in actin turnover occurring during toxin macropinocytosis. Toxin macropinocytosis is independent of EHEC type 3 secretion and intimin attachment. EHEC soluble factors are sufficient to stimulate macropinocytosis and deliver toxin into enterocytes in vitro and in vivo; intact bacteria are not required. Intimin-negative enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) O104:H4 robustly stimulate Shiga toxin macropinocytosis into intestinal epithelial cells. The apical macropinosomes formed in intestinal epithelial cells move through the cells and release their cargo at these cells' basolateral sides. Further analysis of EHEC secreted proteins shows that a serine protease EspP alone is able to stimulate host actin remodeling and toxin macropinocytosis. The observation that soluble factors, possibly serine proteases including EspP, from each of two genetically distinct toxin-producing strains, can stimulate Shiga toxin macropinocytosis and transcellular transcytosis alters current ideas concerning mechanisms whereby Shiga toxin interacts with human enterocytes. Mechanisms important for this macropinocytic pathway could suggest new potential therapeutic targets for Shiga toxin-induced disease.
Influenza A(H1N1) Oseltamivir Resistant Viruses in the Netherlands During the Winter 2007/2008 (2011)

In 2007/2008 a large proportion of influenza A(H1N1) viruses resistant to oseltamivir was detected. There were no clinical differences between patients infected with resistant and sensitive A(H1N1) viruses. Continuous monitoring of the antiviral drug sensitivity profile of influenza viruses is justified, preferably using the existing sentinel surveillance, however, complemented with data from the more severe end of the clinical spectrum. In order to act timely on emergencies of public health importance we suggest setting up a surveillance system that can guarantee rapid access to the latter.
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (HX-1162) treatment for liver cancer (2013)

One of the most important molecules mediating the proliferation, growth, and metastasis of cancer cells is insulin-like growth factor (IGF), with its receptor IGF-1R. Here, we describe the potential of an IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, HX-1162, on liver cancer apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We found that HX-1162 could induce the apoptosis of cultured liver cancer cells. Additionally, HX-1162 treatment inhibited the tumor growth after cancer cell grafting and enhanced the cell apoptosis inside the tumor tissue. We conclude that IGF-1R targeting therapy provides a new avenue toward treating liver cancer.
Flexible transport system by cooperation of conveyer-loaded AGVs (2002)

A transport module for constructing an efficient and flexible material handling system are proposed in the paper: an AGV (automated guided vehicle) module loaded a conveyer in which it is possible to hand-over operation between two modules. The operation can solve the deadlock problem among AGVs in the process of material handling. Prototype modules are created and hand-over experiments are made to measure motion characteristics of the modules. Transport simulations are made for a model plant layout by using values from former experiments. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed module from the viewpoint of transport efficiency, especially for cellular-type or process-type plant layouts.
VWF propeptide in defining VWD subtypes (2015)

In this issue of Blood, Sanders and coworkers define the pathophysiology of types 1, 2, and 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) in the Willebrand in the Netherlands (WiN) study by using the ratios of von Willebrand factor propeptide (VWFpp) or factor VIII activity to VWF antigen.
Nonphotochemical decomposition of fluorene vapor-adsorbed on coal fly ash (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonphotochemical decomposition of fluorene vapor-adsorbed on coal fly ashWalter A. Korfmacher, Gleb. Mamantov, Earl L. Wehry, David F. S. Natusch, and Thad. MauneyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 11, 1370–1375Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00093a011https://doi.org/10.1021/es00093a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chase Termination for Guarded Existential Rules (2015)

The chase procedure is considered as one of the most fundamental algorithmic tools in database theory. It has been successfully applied to different database problems such as data exchange, and query answering and containment under constraints, to name a few. One of the central problems regarding the chase procedure is all-instance termination, that is, given a set of tuple-generating dependencies (TGDs) (a.k.a. existential rules), decide whether the chase under that set terminates, for every input database. It is well-known that this problem is undecidable, no matter which version of the chase we consider. The crucial question that comes up is whether existing restricted classes of TGDs, proposed in different contexts such as ontological query answering, make the above problem decidable. In this work, we focus our attention on the oblivious and the semi-oblivious versions of the chase procedure, and we give a positive answer for classes of TGDs that are based on the notion of guardedness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that establishes positive results about the (semi-)oblivious chase termination problem. In particular, we first concentrate on the class of linear TGDs, and we syntactically characterize, via rich- and weak-acyclicity, its fragments that guarantee the termination of the oblivious and the semi-oblivious chase, respectively. Those syntactic characterizations, apart from being interesting in their own right, allow us to pinpoint the complexity of the problem, which is PSPACE-complete in general, and NL-complete if we focus on predicates of bounded arity, for both the oblivious and the semi-oblivious chase. We then proceed with the more general classes of guarded and weakly-guarded TGDs. Although we do not provide syntactic characterizations for its relevant fragments, as for linear TGDs, we show that the problem under consideration remains decidable. In fact, we show that it is 2EXPTIME-complete in general, and EXPTIME-complete if we focus on predicates of bounded arity, for both the oblivious and the semi-oblivious chase. Finally, we investigate the expressive power of the query languages obtained from our analysis, and we show that they are equally expressive with standard database query languages. Nevertheless, we have strong indications that they are more succinct.
Reviews (2001)

Vertical Seismic Profiling: Principles, (Handbook of geophysical exploration: Seismic exploration, v. 14) by Bob Hardage. ISBN 0-08-043518-1. Pergamon, 2000. 552 p. $159.50 Proceedings of the International Conference on Airborne Electromagnetics (AEM 98). The Australian Society of Exploration Geophysics, 1998. 272 p. Applied Multivariate Statistics in Geohydrology and Related Sciences by Charles Brown. ISBN 3-540-61827-9. Springer-Verlag, 1998. 248 p. $79.95 Stratigraphic Systems: Origin and Application, by Glenn Visher. ISBN 0-12-722360-6. Academic Press, 1999. 700 p. $79.95
Characterization of GEKKO/HIPER-Driven Shock Waves for Equation-of-State Experiments in Ultra-High-Pressure Regime (2004)

The GEKKO⁄HIPER-laser driven shock experiments were characterized in detail for studies on equation-of-state (EOS) in ultra-high pressure regime. High-quality shock waves were produced with optically smoothed laser beams. Key issues on EOS measurement with shock waves, the spatial uniformity and the temporal steadiness of shock, and the preheating problem were investigated by measurements of the self-emission and reflectivity from target rear surface. Our experiments and analysis based on impedance matching method were validated by use of double-step targets consisting of two Hugoniot standard metals. Extreme shock waves previously only achieved in nuclear explosion experiments were generated using the laser direct-drive experimental scheme.