gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Neurochemistry of Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder (2008)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) in pediatric populations represents a significant public health concern. Rates of MDD rise dramatically in adolescence, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 15% in adolescents aged 15 to 18.
Adaptive Doping of Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes (2021)

In this paper, we study the problem of error propagation in sliding window decoding (SWD) of spatially coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) codes. A general decoder model that accounts for error propagation is proposed and analyzed, and the decoded block error rate (BLER) is calculated using the model. In order to improve the BLER performance under decoder error propagation conditions, adaptive variable node (VN) doping is proposed, assuming a noiseless binary feedback channel is available. Example calculations using the proposed model, as well as numerical simulation results, are used to show that adaptive VN doping improves the BLER performance compared to the periodic VN doping and to the undoped case.
Devirtualizable virtual machines enabling general, single-node, online maintenance (2004)

Maintenance is the dominant source of downtime at high availability sites. Unfortunately, the dominant mechanism for reducing this downtime, cluster rolling upgrade, has two shortcomings that have prevented its broad acceptance. First, cluster-style maintenance over many nodes is typically performed a few nodes at a time, mak-ing maintenance slow and often impractical. Second, cluster-style maintenance does not work on single-node systems, despite the fact that their unavailability during maintenance can be painful for organizations. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for online maintenance that uses virtual machines to provide maintenance on single nodes, allowing parallel maintenance over multiple nodes, and online maintenance for standalone servers. We present the Microvisor, our prototype virtual machine system that is custom tailored to the needs of online maintenance. Unlike general purpose virtual machine environments that induce continual 10-20% over-head, the Microvisor virtualizes the hardware only during periods of active maintenance, letting the guest OS run at full speed most of the time. Unlike past attempts at virtual machine optimization, we do not compromise OS transparency. We instead give up generality and tailor our virtual machine system to the minimum needs of online maintenance, eschewing features, such as I/O and memory virtualization, that it does not strictly require. The result is a very thin virtual machine system that induces only 5.6% CPU overhead when virtualizing the hardware, and zero CPU overhead when devirtualized. Using the Microvisor, we demonstrate an online OS upgrade on a live, single-node web server, reducing downtime from one hour to less than one minute.
Etiology of a genetically complex seizure disorder in Celf4 mutant mice (2011)

Mice deficient for the gene encoding the RNA-binding protein CELF4 (CUGBP, ELAV-like family member 4) have a complex seizure phenotype that includes both convulsive and non-convulsive seizures, depending upon gene dosage and strain background, modeling genetically complex epilepsy. Invertebrate CELF is associated with translational control in fruit fly ovary epithelium and with neurogenesis and neuronal function in the nematode. Mammalian CELF4 is expressed widely during early development, but is restricted to the central nervous system in adults. To better understand the etiology of the seizure disorder of Celf4 deficient mice, we studied seizure incidence with spatial and temporal conditional knockout Celf4 alleles. For convulsive seizure phenotypes, it is sufficient to delete Celf4 in adulthood at the age of 7 weeks. This timing is in contrast to absence-like non-convulsive seizures, which require deletion before the end of the first postnatal week. Interestingly, selective deletion of Celf4 from cerebral cortex and hippocampus excitatory neurons, but not from inhibitory neurons, is sufficient to lower seizure threshold and to promote spontaneous convulsions. Correspondingly, Celf4 deficient mice have altered excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission as measured by patch-clamp recordings of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons. Finally, immunostaining in conjunction with an inhibitory neuron-specific reporter shows that CELF4 is expressed predominantly in excitatory neurons. Our results suggest that CELF4 plays a specific role in regulating excitatory neurotransmission. We posit that altered excitatory neurotransmission resulting from Celf4 deficiency underlies the complex seizure disorder in Celf4 mutant mice.
Multimedia Broadcast Authentication Based on Batch Signature [Advances in Mobile Multimedia] (2007)

Conventional block-based broadcast authentication protocols overlook the heterogeneity of receivers in mobile computing by letting the sender choose the block size, divide a broadcast stream into blocks, associate each block with a signature, and spread the effect of the signature across all the packets in the block through hash or coding algorithms. They suffer from some drawbacks. First, they require that the entire block with its signature be collected before authenticating every packet in the block. This authentication latency can lead to the jitter effect on real-time applications at receivers. Second, the block-based approach is vulnerable to packet loss in mobile computing in the sense that the loss of some packets makes the other packets unable to be authenticated, especially when the block signature is lost. Third, they are also vulnerable to DoS attacks caused by the injection of forged packets. In this article we propose a novel broadcast authentication protocol based on an efficient cryptographic primitive called a batch signature. Our protocol supports the verification of the authenticity of any number of packets simultaneously and avoids the shortcomings of the block-based approach.
Characterization of microbial species in a regenerative bio-filter system for volatile organic compound removal (2012)

Abstract Effective removal of volatile organic compounds is critical for indoor air quality control. The performance of traditional technologies of volatile organic compound removal is limited by inadequate selection of filter media, poor airflow management inside the cleaning devices, insufficient catalytic reaction surface area, and poor distribution of UV light irradiation. In comparison, the relatively new regenerative air filtration systems use a plant root bed of activated carbon, porous shale pebbles, microbes, and a wet scrubber to remove volatile organic compounds and radon from the air in tightly sealed buildings. To better understand such systems and optimize their performance, the microbes were characterized in a model bio-filter system and their activities in formaldehyde removal were isolated. Golden Pothos was chosen as the model plant, and the microbes from the plant roots and pebbles. By using universal primers to amplify 16S rRNA genes, seven different strains of bacteria were identified belonging to the species of Arthrobacter aurescens, A. oxydans, Leifsonia xyli, Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus sp., including B. cereus. In particular, a strain of A. aurescens TC1 isolated from this system was found to remove 86.2% of formaldehyde within 24 h with a starting concentration of 11.84 ppm. These results are helpful for better understanding symbiotic microbe–plant interactions and for designing more efficient bio-filters. Acknowledgments Wen-Hsuan Huang is Graduate Student. Zhiqiang Wang is Graduate Student. Geetika Choudhary is Graduate Student. Beverly Guo is Research Scientist. Jianshun Zhang, PhD, Fellow ASHRAE, is Professor. Dacheng Ren, PhD, is Assistant Professor.
Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinoma (1973)

The clinical experience with streptozotocin (NSC-85998) in 52 patients with metastatic islet cell carcinoma was analyzed. The drug was given intravenously in 44 patients and intra-arterially in 8 patients, most often on a weekly schedule of administration of 0.6 to 1.0 g/m2 body surface area. Biochemical responses were seen in 64% of evaluable functional cases, and measurable disease responses were seen in 50% of these cases. Insulin responses occurred 2 to 3 weeks after drug administration at a total dose of about 2 to 4 g/m2 body surface area. A significant increase in 1-year survival rate and a doubling of median survival were shown for the responders as compared with the nonresponders. Acute toxicity, consisting of nausea and vomiting, was observed in 98% of the cases, whereas renal or hepatic toxicity was seen in 65% and 67% of the cases, respectively. Hematological toxicity, observed in 20% of the cases, was mild. Renal and hepatic toxicity were usually reversible, but five patients died in renal failure.
The Role of WRKY Transcription Factors in Plant Immunity (2009)

Plants constantly face a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses in their natural habitat. Adapting to such changes requires a great degree of phenotypic plasticity that is mainly determined by the plant's genome. We currently do not know how plants are able to integrate the multitude of partly synergistic/partly antagonistic environmental signals that enable them to respond properly under any given condition. What has become apparent, however, is that plants are capable of extensive reprogramming of their transcriptome in a highly dynamic and temporal manner. This regulation in response, leading to adaptive plasticity of plants in highly variable environments, is mainly achieved by enforcement of a network of various transcription factors (TFs). WRKY TFs are a large family of regulatory proteins forming such a network They are involved in various plant processes but most notably in coping with diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. In this update, we will restrict our attention to the role of WRKY TFs in plant immunity.
Development status of microcell UO2 pellet for accident-tolerant fuel (2018)

A microcell UO2 pellet, as an accident-tolerant fuel pellet, is being developed to enhance the accident tolerance of nuclear fuels under accident conditions as well as the fuel performance under normal operation conditions.Improved capture-ability for highly radioactive and corrosive fission product (Cs and I) is the distinct feature of a ceramic microcell UO2 pellet, and the enhanced pellet thermal conductivity is that of a metallic microcell UO2 pellet. The fuel temperature can be effectively decreased by enhanced thermal conductivity.In this study, the material concepts of metallic and ceramic microcell UO2 pellets were designed, and the fabrication process of microcell UO2 pellets embodying the designed concept was developed. We successfully implemented the microcell UO2 pellets and produced microcell UO2 pellets.In addition, an assessment of the out-of-pile properties of a microcell UO2 pellet was performed, and the in-reactor performance and behavior of the developed microcell pellets were evaluated through a Halden irradiation test. According to the expectations, the excellent performance of the microcell UO2 pellets was confirmed by the online measurement data of the Halden irradiation test. Keywords: Accident-Tolerant Fuel, Fission Product Retention, Halden Irradiation Test, Microcell UO2 Pellet, Thermal Conductivity
The Effect of Some Sulfur-Containing Pyridine Derivatives on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor1 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Some Sulfur-Containing Pyridine Derivatives on the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor1D. R. Grassetti, M. E. Brokke, and J. F. Murray Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 753–756Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fault tolerant computing in computer design (2003)

This paper is presented as an attempt to cover the basic practices and methodologies involved in the area of contemporary fault tolerant computing in a computer design course. Most computer design courses cover design of various components of a computer system and integration of these components to build a system. Unfortunately, fault tolerance is not typically covered in a computer design course.We have identified four steps for our method. First, we are identifying the relative effectiveness of the different approaches in fault tolerant. Second, we are discussing various architectures used in the implementation of fault tolerance. Third, we are providing the performance overview of various architectures used. Fourth, we are covering the trade offs involved with the selection of fault tolerance versus system performance.
Stable DNA unwinding, not "breathing," accounts for single-strand-specific nuclease hypersensitivity of specific A+T-rich sequences. (1988)

A long A+T-rich sequence in supercoiled pBR322 DNA is hypersensitive to single-strand-specific nucleases at 37 degrees C but not at reduced temperature. The basis for the nuclease hypersensitivity is stable DNA unwinding as revealed by (i) the same temperature dependence for hypersensitivity and for stable unwinding of plasmid topoisomers after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, (ii) preferential nuclease digestion of stably unwound topoisomers, and (iii) quantitative nicking of stably unwound topoisomers in the A+T-rich region. Nuclease hypersensitivity of A+T-rich sequences is hierarchical, and either deletion of the primary site or a sufficient increase in the free energy of supercoiling leads to enhanced nicking at an alternative A+T-rich site. The hierarchy of nuclease hypersensitivity reflects a hierarchy in the free energy required for unwinding naturally occurring sequences in supercoiled DNA. This finding, along with the known hypersensitivity of replication origins and transcriptional regulatory regions, has important implications for using single-strand-specific nucleases in DNA structure-function studies.
Discotic mesomorphism of rufigallol hexa-n-alkoxylates (1987)

Abstract Aliphatic ethers of rufigallol have been prepared and their discotic mesomorphism studied. All the compounds give enantiotropic, columnar mesophases with a regular stacking of the discs along the columns, as revealed by the X-ray diffraction patterns of the mesophases. Calorimetric data indicate a wide range of stability of the mesophase. Solid polymorphism has been demonstrated that involves both solution crystallized and melt crystallized samples.
Effects of Flow Field on Combustion Characteristics of Confined Jet Nonpremixed Flames (2007)

Confined flames are widely used in the industrial field. The flame characteristics can be strongly dominated by the combination of a burner and furnace geometries, which were not paid much attention before. In the present study, flow fields in confined flames are discussed in terms of the flame characteristics. The flow characteristics of confined flames have been investigated for propane nonpremixed flames in cylindrical furnaces. The effects of the inner diameter of the cylindrical furnace D1, the turbulence at the flame boundary, and the global equivalence ratio φ are examined in terms of the relation between the emission of NOx and the flow fields. The emission index of NOx, EINOx, decreases roughly with these parameters. The decrease in EINOx is thought to be related to the dilution of mixtures by the burned gas and the flame stretch. The dilution is attributable to vortices formed at the bottom of the furnace, and the flame stretch is attributable to the air velocity difference ΔUa created by two air nozzles. In the present study, it was found that the increases in D1, ΔUa, and φ enlarge and strengthen recirculation vortices to dilute the flame.
Identification of Genes Affecting Lipid Content Using Transposon Mutagenesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2006)

Genes involved in lipid accumulation were identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using transposon insertion mutagenesis. Five ORFs, such as SNF2, IRA2, PRE9, PHO90, and SPT21 were found from the analysis of the insertion sites in transposon insertion mutants with higher lipid content. Since these ORFs are not directly involved in storage lipid biosynthesis, we speculate that they are involved in carbon fluxes into storage lipids in response to nutrient conditions. Lipid analysis of disruptants of these ORFs indicated that the Deltasnf2, and Deltaira2 disruptants had significantly higher lipid content. Cultivation in a nitrogen-limited medium increased the lipid content in all disruptants, among which the Deltapre9 disruptant was the most sensitive to nitrogen limitation. We then focused on the Deltasnf2 disruptant due to its higher lipid content and its function as a regulator of phospholipid synthesis. Lipid class analysis indicated that triacylglycerol and free fatty acids contributed to the increase in total lipids of the Deltasnf2 disruptant. The addition of exogenous fatty acids was not so effective at increasing the lipid content in the Deltasnf2 disruptant as it was in the wild type. It should be noticed that exogenous free linoleic acid was much higher in the Deltasnf2 disruptant than in the wild type, as in the case of endogenous free fatty acids. In addition, the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into cells increased in the disruptant, suggesting that fatty acid transporters were regulated by SNF2. The results suggest that metabolic fluxes into storage lipids, which are activated in the Deltasnf2 disruptant, is repressed by the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids. They provide new insight into the biosynthesis of storage lipids in yeast.
OP20.06: Evaluation of the modified myocardial performance index in pregnancies complicated with gestational and pre‐gestational diabetes (2007)

To study whether the fetal cardiac function evaluated with the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) is affected in fetuses from diabetic women, and to evaluate differences between gestational and pre-gestational diabetes. The study was performed in 54 fetuses from diabetic pregnant women and in 209 controls, between 30 and 40 weeks of gestation. The Mod-MPI was evaluated in the left cardiac chambers using the clicks of the valves to estimate the time periods. Diabetic mothers were classified as gestational diabetes (n = 43) and pre-gestational diabetes (n = 11). Fetal signs of diabetic descompensation were: polyhydramnios, defined as amniotic fluid index over the 90th percentile for GA and an increased estimated fetal weight < 95th centile for gestational age. Mod-MPI values of fetuses from diabetics mothers were significantly higher than controls (0.430 ± 0.06 vs. 0.366 ± 0.06, respectively: P < 0.0001). The gestational and pre-gestational group were not significantly different (0.421 ± 0.06 vs. 0.461 ± 0.07, respectively; P = 0.071). In fetuses with signs of metabolic descompensation there was a significant increment in the Mod-MPI (0.397 ± 0.042 vs. 0.493 ± 0.056, P < 0.0001). Evaluation of the Mod-MPI in fetuses of diabetic mothers might help to improve the clinical surveillance of these pregnancies.
Vagueness, Logic, and Ontology (2001)

Remember the story of the most-most? It&amp;apos;s the story of that club in New York where people are the most of every type. There is the hairiest bald man and the baldest hairy man; the shortest giant and the tallest dwarf; the smartest idiot and the stupidest wise man. They are all there, including honest thieves and crippled acrobats. On Saturday night they have a party, eat, drink, dance. Then they have a contest. &amp;quot;And if you can tell the hairiest bald man from the baldest hairy man---we are told---you get a prize.&amp;quot; The story is from Saul Bellow&amp;apos;s Herzog, a novel published almost forty years ago but still very modern in its philosophical provocations. It is a funny and provoking story because so is the idea of a contest like that of the most-most. There is no sharp boundary demarcating the category of bald men, no precise number of hairs separating the bald from the hairy. Hence it makes no sense to suppose that one can identify the hairiest bald man. It does not even m
Evaluation of the Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) in Sprague-Dawley Rats (2014)

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), a 6-carbon perfluoroalkyl (C6; CAS # 307-24-4), has been proposed as a replacement for the commonly used 8-carbon perfluoroalkyls: perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate. PFHxA is not currently a commercial product but rather the ultimate degradation product of C6 fluorotelomer used to make C6 fluorotelomer acrylate polymers. It can be expected that, to a greater or lesser extent, the environmental loading of PFHxA will increase, as C6 fluorotelomer acrylate treatments are used and waste is generated. This article reports on a chronic study (duration 104 weeks) that was performed to evaluate the possible toxicologic and carcinogenic effects of PFHxA in gavage (daily gavage, 7 days per week) treated male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In the current study, dosage levels of 0, 2.5, 15, and 100 mg/kg/day of PFHxA (males) and 5, 30, and 200 mg/kg/day of PFHxA (females) were selected based on a previous subchronic investigation. No effects on body weights, food consumption, a functional observational battery, or motor activity were observed after exposure to PFHxA. While no difference in survival rates in males was seen, a dose-dependent decrease in survival in PFHxA-treated female rats was observed. Hematology and serum chemistry were unaffected by PFHxA. PFHxA-related histologic changes were noted in the kidneys of the 200-mg/kg/day group females. Finally, there was no evidence that PFHxA was tumorigenic in male or female SD rats at any of the dosage levels examined.
Insights From Liver‐Humanized Mice on Cholesterol Lipoprotein Metabolism and LXR‐Agonist Pharmacodynamics in Humans (2019)

LHM represent an interesting translatable model of human hepatic and lipoprotein metabolism. Because several metabolic parameters displayed donor dependency, LHM may also be used in studies for personalized medicine.