gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse Retinal Cell Atlas: Molecular Identification of over Sixty Amacrine Cell Types (2020)

Amacrine cells (ACs) are a diverse class of interneurons that modulate input from photoreceptors to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), rendering each RGC type selectively sensitive to particular visual features, which are then relayed to the brain. While many AC types have been identified morphologically and physiologically, they have not been comprehensively classified or molecularly characterized. We used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to profile >32,000 ACs from mice of both sexes and applied computational methods to identify 63 AC types. We identified molecular markers for each type and used them to characterize the morphology of multiple types. We show that they include nearly all previously known AC types as well as many that had not been described. Consistent with previous studies, most of the AC types expressed markers for the canonical inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA or glycine, but several expressed neither or both. In addition, many expressed one or more neuropeptides, and two expressed glutamatergic markers. We also explored transcriptomic relationships among AC types and identified transcription factors expressed by individual or multiple closely related types. Noteworthy among these were <i>Meis2</i> and <i>Tcf4</i>, expressed by most GABAergic and most glycinergic types, respectively. Together, these results provide a foundation for developmental and functional studies of ACs, as well as means for genetically accessing them. Along with previous molecular, physiological, and morphologic analyses, they establish the existence of at least 130 neuronal types and nearly 140 cell types in the mouse retina.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The mouse retina is a leading model for analyzing the development, structure, function, and pathology of neural circuits. A complete molecular atlas of retinal cell types provides an important foundation for these studies. We used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the most heterogeneous class of retinal interneurons, amacrine cells, identifying 63 distinct types. The atlas includes types identified previously as well as many novel types. We provide evidence for the use of multiple neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and identify transcription factors expressed by groups of closely related types. Combining these results with those obtained previously, we proposed that the mouse retina contains ∼130 neuronal types and is therefore comparable in complexity to other regions of the brain.
Human cardiac physiology in the phase plane: the ejection fraction to limit cycle area relation (2003)

Current physiologic parameters acquired during cardiac catheterization include the systolic, minimum, and end-diastolic left ventricular pressures, the ejection fraction, and the maximum and minimum rates of pressure rise and fall. To extract additional physiologic information from the left ventricular pressure (LVP) contour, we utilized phase plane analysis (dP/dt vs P) to study LVP. One cardiac cycle generates a closed loop, or limit-cycle, in the phase plane. We hypothesized that the area of the limit-cycle is related to the external work of the heart, which is a function of both pressure and volume. We investigated the relationship between limit-cycle area (A/sub LC/) and ejection fraction (LVEF). LVP and LVEF data acquired during cardiac catheterization in ten subjects were analyzed. We observed a linear relation between A/sub LC/ and LVEF with an R-value of 0.43. We conclude that new information characterizing LV function can be obtained from A/sub LC/.
Glycemic and insulinemic responses to D-glucose, glibenclamide and nateglinide in control rats and after two daily administrations of the same antidiabetic agents for three days (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
The nucleotide sequence of porcine formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase. Expression and purification from Escherichia coli. (1993)

We have isolated and characterized cDNA clones encoding the porcine liver octameric enzyme, 5-formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase (EC 2.1.2.5)-formiminotetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase (EC 4.3.1.4). The cDNA encodes a novel amino acid sequence of 541 residues which contains exact matches to two sequences derived by automated sequence analysis of CNBr cleavage fragments isolated from the porcine enzyme. The recombinant enzyme has been expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli at levels 4-fold higher than those observed in liver, and is bifunctional, displaying both transferase and deaminase activities. With a calculated subunit molecular mass of 58,926 Da, it is similar in size to the enzyme isolated from porcine liver. Purification of the enzyme from E. coli involves chromatography on a novel polyglutamate column which might interact with the folylpolyglutamate binding site of the protein. The purified recombinant enzyme has a transferase specific activity of 39-41 units/mg/min.
Targeted RNA fingerprinting: the cloning of differentiallyexpressed cDNA fragments enriched for members of the zinc finger gene family (1994)

We have developed and applied a modification of an 'RNA Fingerprinting' protocol previously published by Welsh and McClelland (Nucleic Acids Research 19: 5275-5279 1991) such that cDNA fragments which are both differentially-expressed and enriched for members of a specific gene family can readily be identified. cDNA fragments were amplified with an arbitrary primer initially used in the reverse transcription reaction in combination with a member of a primer set which corresponded to a conserved region within a specific gene family. This technique was used to isolate cDNAs encoding a recently described protein kinase as well as an unknown gene that contained a zinc finger. Several other known genes that contained a zinc finger domain and that were differentially-expressed were also isolated.
Spectral Interleaving with Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs (2019)

Quantum cascade laser (QCL) based frequency combs are mid-infrared sources capable of producing hundreds of mW of optical power distributed across several hundred comb lines spanning tens of cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . In the dual comb (or multi-heterodyne) configuration, two nearly identical frequency combs with slightly different comb spacing are used as an interrogating and local oscillator comb, respectively, to probe the absorption or refractive index of a sample [1]. The multi-heterodyne beat note signal produced by overlapping the two beams on a fast photodetector allows simultaneous access to all optical frequencies of the interrogating comb, enabling fast (sub-μs) acquisition of time-resolved absorption and/or dispersion spectra [2]. The typical length of QCL devices of ca. 5 mm leads to comb spacings of the order of 10 GHz (0.33 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ). While suitable for spectroscopy in the condensed phase, gas-phase spectroscopy requires much finer spectral sampling (e.g. <; 10 MHz for Doppler-broadened transitions of small molecules). This can be achieved by spectral interleaving, i.e. by the continuous or step-wise shifting of the spectrum of the interrogating comb.
Mesenchymal stromal cells-exosomes: a promising cell-free therapeutic tool for wound healing and cutaneous regeneration (2019)

Cutaneous regeneration at the wound site involves several intricate and dynamic processes which require a series of coordinated interactions implicating various cell types, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), nerves, and blood vessels. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) take part in all the skin wound healing stages playing active and beneficial roles in animal models and humans. Exosomes, which are among the key products MSCs release, mimic the effects of parental MSCs. They can shuttle various effector proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to modulate the activity of recipient cells, playing important roles in wound healing. Moreover, using exosomes avoids many risks associated with cell transplantation. Therefore, as a novel type of cell-free therapy, MSC-exosome -mediated administration may be safer and more efficient than whole cell. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the latest studies and observations on the role of MSC-exosome therapy in wound healing and cutaneous regeneration. In addition, we address the hypothesis of MSCs microenvironment extracellular vesicles (MSCs-MEVs) or MSCs microenvironment exosomes (MSCs-MExos) that need to take stock of and solved urgently in the related research about MSC-exosomes therapeutic applications. This review can inspire investigators to explore new research directions of MSC-exosome therapy in cutaneous repair and regeneration.
Structural health monitoring system based on diffracted Lamb wave analysis by multiresolution processing (2001)

A health monitoring system is presented composed of integrated disc-shaped, 100 µm thick and 5 mm diameter piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) working sequentially as Lamb wave emitters and receivers. The diagnostic is based on the analysis of Lamb wave signals recorded before and after damage. In the composite, delaminations are discontinuities producing mode conversion processes generating various outgoing modes. The multiresolution processing allows the isolation of various propagation modes and their extraction in order to measure, for various propagation paths, the time delay between the arrivals of the main burst and of a specific outgoing mode. This process permits, with good accuracy, the localization of damage and the estimation of its extent. The robustness and portability of this technique is demonstrated by the fact that, after validation in our laboratory, it was successfully applied to data coming from an experiment conducted in another laboratory using its own acousto-ultrasonic health monitoring hardware system.
An Electrical Model of the Heart (2008)

The paper uses electrical principles and the electrophysiology of the heart to develop an electrical model of the heart that is suitable for lectures on bioelectrical engineering. The model computes the electrocardiogram (ECG) that is in agreement with that from the normal heart.
Loss of proliferative calcium dependence: simple in vitro indicator of tumorigenicity. (1978)

The proliferative activities of three lines of "normal" epithelioid rat liver cells and six tumorigenic liver cell lines in the presence of a wide range of calcium concentrations were measured by a simple colony forming assay. The proliferative activities of the normal cells and, to a lesser extent, of the cells of a marginally tumorigenic line were directly proportional to the extracellular calcium concentration. The proliferative activities of the cells of the strongly tumorigenic lines, on the other hand, were either uninfluenced by or inversely proportional to the extracellular calcium concentration. Thus, the proliferative response to the extracellular calcium concentration is a sensitive indicator of the carcinogenic potential of liver cells.
A Comparison of the Protective Effects between Epigallocatechin Gallate or Epicatechin Gallate and the Mixtures of Their Components on Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats. (2000)

The preventive effects of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), gallic acid (GA), and a mixture of EGC and GA, and also of (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), (−)-epicatechin (EC), and a mixture of EC and GA against paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress were compared in rats to determine whether the preventive effects of the EGCg and ECg against oxidative stress can be obtained by a mixture of their components or not. An increase in lung weight induced by PQ feeding was relieved by supplementing EGCg or ECg to the PQ diet, and the magnitude of relief was stronger than that achived by a mixture of EGC and GA, or EC and GA. An increase in liver TBARS, and decreases in the catalase activity in liver mitochondrial fraction and in liver triacylglycerol concentration, which were all induced by PQ feeding, were also relieved or tended to be relieved more effectively by EGCg or ECg than by either of the mixtures mentioned. These results demonstrated that the preventive effects of EGCg and ECg in vivo cannot be obtained by ingesting the mixtures of their components.
Surface modification and bonding of poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (1997)

Abstract It is demonstrated that both chemical oxidation, e.g. by using acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide or chromosulfuric acid, and plasma treatment of poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS) surfaces introduce polar groups. The changes of the surface chemistry are detected by FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The increased polarity is partially responsible for better adhesion as verified by lap shear measurements using acrylic adhesive. Another important contribution to the improved adhesion originates from increased surface roughness after surface modification as measured by atomic force microscopy. This effect is very pronounced for PPS surfaces treated with chromosulfuric acid.
Synchronous grammars and transducers (2007)

Much of the activity in linguistics, especially computational linguistics, can be thought of as characterizing not languages simpliciter but relations among languages. Formal systems for characterizing language relations have a long history with two primary branches, based respectively on tree transducers and synchronous grammars. Both have seen increasing use in recent work, especially in machine translation. Indeed, evidence from millennia of experience with bilingual dictionaries argues for synchronous grammars as an appropriate substrate for statistical machine translation systems.
Generalized Carrier to Interference Ratio Analysis for the Shotgun Cellular System (2010)

In this paper, we analyze the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance at a mobile station (MS) in a random cellular network. The cellular network is formed by base-stations (BSs) placed in a one, two or three dimensional space according to a possibly non-homogeneous Poisson point process, which is a generalization of the so-called shotgun cellular system. We develop a sequence of equivalence relations for the SCSs and use them to derive semi-analytical expressions for the coverage probability at the MS when the transmissions from each BS may be affected by random fading with arbitrary distributions as well as attenuation following arbitrary path-loss models. For homogeneous Poisson point processes in the interference-limited case with power-law path-loss model, we show that the SINR distribution is the same for all fading distributions and is not a function of the base station density. In addition, the influence of random transmission powers, power control, multiple channel reuse groups on the downlink performance are also discussed. The techniques developed for the analysis of SINR have applications beyond cellular networks and can be used in similar studies for cognitive radio networks, femtocell networks and other heterogeneous and multi-tier networks.
Photoperiod and the Difference between Day and Night Temperature Influence Stem Elongation Kinetics in Verbena bonariensis (2000)

The effects of photoperiod and the difference between day temperature (DT) and night temperature (NT) (DIF) on stem elongation in Verbena bonariensis L. (tall verbena) were investigated. Plants were exposed to nine treatment combinations of -10, 0, or 10 °C DIF and 8-, 12-, or 16-hour photoperiods. Stem elongation was measured and analyzed by a noncontact computer-vision-based system. Total daily elongation increased as DIF increased; it also increased as photoperiod increased under positive DIF (DT &gt; NT) and zero DIF (DT = NT), but not under negative DIF. Under positive DIF, daily elongation was 90% greater under the 16-hour photoperiod than under the 8-hour photoperiod. DIF affected elongation rate during the daily light span but not during the daily dark span. Total light-span elongation increased as DIF or photoperiod increased. Total dark-span elongation was not influenced by DIF or photoperiod. Elongation rates per hour in the light and dark were not significantly affected by photoperiod but increased in the light as DIF increased. Therefore, for a particular DIF, total elongation during 16-hour photoperiods (long days) was greater than that under 8-hour photoperiods (short days) because there were more hours of light under long days.
Intramammary Immunization of Pregnant Mice with Staphylococcal Protein A Reduces the Post-Challenge Mammary Gland Bacterial Load but Not Pathology (2016)

Protein A, encoded by the spa gene, is one of the major immune evading MSCRAMM of S. aureus, demonstrated to be prevalent in a significant percentage of clinical bovine mastitis isolates in Australia. Given its' reported significance in biofilm formation and the superior performance of S. aureus biofilm versus planktonic vaccine in the mouse mastitis model, it was of interest to determine the immunogenicity and protective potential of Protein A as a potential vaccine candidate against bovine mastitis using the mouse mastitis model. Pregnant Balb/c mice were immunised with Protein A emulsified in an alum-based adjuvant by subcutaneous (s/c) or intramammary (i/mam) routes. While humoral immune response of mice post-immunization were determined using indirect ELISA, cell-mediated immune response was assessed by estimation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) produced by protein A-stimulated splenocyte supernatants. Protective potential of Protein A against experimental mastitis was determined by challenge of immunized versus sham-vaccinated mice by i/mam route, based upon manifestation of clinical symptoms, total bacterial load and histopathological damage to mammary glands. Significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of IgG1 isotype were produced in mice immunized by the s/c route. In contrast, significantly higher levels of the antibody isotype IgG2a were produced in mice immunized by the i/mam route (p<0.05). There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in bacterial loads of the mammary glands of mice immunized by Protein A regardless of the route of immunization, with medium level of clinical symptoms observed up to day 3 post-challenge. However, Protein A vaccine failed to protect immunized mice post-challenge with biofilm producing encapsulated S. aureus via i/mam route, regardless of the route of immunization, as measured by the level of mammary tissue damage. It was concluded that, Protein A in its' native state was apparently not a suitable candidate for inclusion in a cell-free vaccine formulation against mastitis.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF 2‐ AND 3‐CHLOROTHIOPHENE IN THE PYROLYSIS OF BIS (β‐CHLOROVINYL) SULFIDE (1979)

Abstract Die Pyrolyse eines Bis‐(β‐chlorvinyl)‐sulfid‐Isomerengemisches (I) im Stickstoffstrom in einem Quarzrohr liefert neben Ausgangsmaterial die Chlorthiophene (II) und (III).
Prostaglandin E2 Induces Breast Cancer–Related Aromatase Promoters via Activation of p38 and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase in Adipose Fibroblasts (2007)

Aromatase is the key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis. A distal promoter, PI.4, maintains baseline levels of aromatase in normal breast adipose tissue. In contrast, malignant breast epithelial cells secrete prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which stimulates aromatase expression via proximal promoters PI.3/PII in a cyclic AMP (cAMP)- and protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner in adjacent breast adipose fibroblasts (BAF), leading to increased local concentrations of estrogen. Although an effective treatment for breast cancer, aromatase inhibitors indiscriminately abolish estrogen synthesis in all tissues, causing major side effects. To identify drug targets to selectively block aromatase and estrogen production in breast cancer, we investigated PGE(2)-stimulated signaling pathways essential for aromatase induction downstream of cAMP and PKC in human BAFs. Here, we show that PGE(2) or its surrogate hormonal mixture dibutyryl cAMP (Bt(2)cAMP) + phorbol diacetate (PDA) stimulated the p38, c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Inhibition or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of p38 or JNK1, but not ERK, inhibited PGE(2)- or Bt(2)cAMP + PDA-induced aromatase activity and expression via PI.3/PII. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type p38alpha or JNK1 enhanced PGE(2)-stimulated aromatase expression via PII. PGE(2) or Bt(2)cAMP + PDA stimulated c-Jun and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) phosphorylation and binding to the PI.3/PII region. Specific activation of protein kinase A (PKA) or EPAC with cAMP analogues stimulated p38 and JNK1; however, only PKA-activating cAMP analogues induced aromatase expression. The PKC activator PDA effectively stimulated p38 and JNK1 phosphorylation but not aromatase expression. Taken together, PGE(2) activation of p38 and JNK1 via PKA and PKC is necessary for aromatase induction in BAFs, and p38 and JNK1 are potential new drug targets for tissue-specific ablation of aromatase expression in breast cancer.
The Molecular Basis and Clinical Management of Ataxia Telangiectasia (2000)

The unique combination of phenotypic manifestations seen in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) has intrigued neurologists, oncologists, radiation biologists and immunologists for several decades. Initially, the primary care givers of AT patients are often pediatricians but neurologists will inevitably become involved in their care. Over the last few years great strides have been made in understanding the genetic basis of this disease but useful therapeutic interventions are still not available. In this article, we review the clinical features and the current understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome. In addition, we address issues related to genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, screening and implications for AT heterozygotes.
Route to prostaglandins via a general synthesis of 4-hydroxycyclopentenones (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoute to prostaglandins via a general synthesis of 4-hydroxycyclopentenonesGilbert Stork, Conrad Kowalski, and Gustavo GarciaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 11, 3258–3260Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00844a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00844a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts