gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wild-type FUS corrects ALS-like disease induced by cytoplasmic mutant FUS through autoregulation (2021)

Mutations in FUS, an RNA-binding protein involved in multiple steps of RNA metabolism, are associated with the most severe forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Accumulation of cytoplasmic FUS is likely to be a major culprit in the toxicity of FUS mutations. Thus, preventing cytoplasmic mislocalization of the FUS protein may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy. FUS binds to its own pre-mRNA creating an autoregulatory loop efficiently buffering FUS excess through multiple proposed mechanisms including retention of introns 6 and/or 7. Here, we introduced a wild-type FUS gene allele, retaining all intronic sequences, in mice whose heterozygous or homozygous expression of a cytoplasmically retained FUS protein (Fus<sup>∆NLS</sup>) was previously shown to provoke ALS-like disease or postnatal lethality, respectively. Wild-type FUS completely rescued the early lethality caused by the two Fus<sup>∆NLS</sup> alleles, and improved the age-dependent motor deficits and reduced lifespan caused by heterozygous expression of mutant FUS<sup>∆NLS</sup>. Mechanistically, wild-type FUS decreased the load of cytoplasmic FUS, increased retention of introns 6 and 7 in the endogenous mouse Fus mRNA, and decreased expression of the mutant mRNA. Thus, the wild-type FUS allele activates the homeostatic autoregulatory loop, maintaining constant FUS levels and decreasing the mutant protein in the cytoplasm. These results provide proof of concept that an autoregulatory competent wild-type FUS expression could protect against this devastating, currently intractable, neurodegenerative disease.
Experimental demonstration of a nonmagnetic metamaterial cloak at microwave frequencies (2009)

Metamaterials have paved the way to unprecedented control of the electromagnetic field. The conjunction with space coordinate transformation has led to a ``relativity inspired'' approach for the control of light propagation. ``Invisibility cloak'' is the most fascinating proposed device. However, the realized structures up to now used a graded ``metamagnetic'' so as to achieve the cloaking function. Artificial magnetism is still very challenging to obtain in optics despite the currently promising building blocks, not suited for optical cloaking. We report here the experimental demonstration of a nonmagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies by direct mapping of the magnetic field together with the experimental characterization of a cloak in free space configuration. The diameter of the concealed region is as big as 4.4 in wavelength units, the biggest reported experimentally so far. The principle can be scaled down to optical domain while keeping the compatibility with current nanofabrication technologies.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, AND TEMPERATURE‐DEPENDENT NMR SPECTRUM OF TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM (α‐METHOXYBENZYL)PENTACARBONYLTUNGSTATE (1979)

Abstract Die Reduktion des Carbens (Ia) mit K‐triisopropoxyhydridoborat gefolgt von Kationenaustausch liefert die Titelverbindung (IIa), die die Vorstufe von Benzylidenpentacarbonylwolfram ist.
Nanoporous ceramic membranes modified by carbon nanotubes used to separate gaseous mixtures (2017)

Studies devoted to the development of ceramic membranes, which are capable of separating gaseous mixtures, first and foremost of H2–CH4, are presented in this paper. The membranes from alumina prepared on the basis of thermochemical activation (TCA) products of gibbsite contain a considerable amount of macropores and possess low selectivity in gas separation. In order to reduce the contribution of macropores to the porous structure of membranes, we have introduced glass additives, which sinter more easily than alumina. Tests of the samples, in which a part of TCA product is replaced by glass, have shown that the factor of separation for gaseous mixtures of H2–CH4 increases to 2.2. In the next part of this work, we synthesize the ceramic membranes, which were modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with an external diameter of 3–5 nm. It is shown that when CNTs are introduced into the composition of a ceramic membrane, the selectivity in the separation of gaseous mixtures of H2–CH4 increases to 2.4.
Generation of pluripotent stem cells via protein transduction (2014)

The development of techniques for reprogramming somatic cells led to the birth of the cloned sheep Dolly and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSCs hold great promise for in vitro disease modeling, new drug screening, regenerative medicine and agricultural production. These cells can differentiate into almost any tissue types and they can be used to produce autografts that will not be rejected by the patient. However, practical application has been limited by the potential for insertion mutagenesis and by the complexity of the associated procedures. A protein-based approach to generation of iPSCs could offer better prospects by avoiding these problems. This review provides an overview of the key processes and mechanism involved in protein-based somatic cell reprogramming, discusses some promising methods for increasing its efficiency and future challenges.
Upscaling strategies for polymer additive manufacturing: an assessment from economic and environmental perspective for SLS, MJF and DLP (2021)

Without a question, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are of strong and even further increasing importance nowadays. While incorporating strong potentials in context of customer-individual geometries, there are challenges when it comes to upscaling of production volumes due to long process times. The upscaling characteristics also differ among the available AM technologies. Against this background, this paper introduces and analyses different upscaling strategies from AM process perspective (for MJF, SLS and DLP) in context of economic and environmental performance criteria.
584. Improvement of Gene Delivery By Inhibition of Endonucleases (2015)

One of the fundamental problems for gene therapy is poor gene transfer/expression efficiency resulting from DNase/endonuclease activity that plays important role of the host cell defense by degrading foreign DNA. The bulk of endonuclease activity in cells and biological fluids is formed by apoptotic endonucleases which depolymerize DNA by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds within the polynucleotide chain. Among the identified nine apoptotic endonucleases, deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase I) and endonuclease G (EndoG) are the most abundant and most active in mammals. However, there is small number of available inhibitors for DNase I and EndoG, and they are mostly non-specific and inapplicable in vivo. Our in vitro experiments comparing blood plasma of DNase I or EndoG knockout mice with wild-type mice showed that DNase I and EndoG are responsible for degradation of DNA in blood plasma. The genetic inactivation of endonucleases resulted in an improvement of CFP gene expression in HCC1954 cell line after exposure with pECFP plasmid DNA with blood plasma. However using chemical inhibitors would be more translation in this regard. To search for endonuclease inhibitors, we have developed a high-throughput DNase assay using fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotide to screen a home-made chemical library and identify two inhibitors: IG-17 (1, 3-phenylene-bis-aminoguanidine hydrochloride) for DNase I and PNR-3-82 (5-((1-(2-naphthoyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H, 5H)-dione) for EndoG. The inhibitors are found to be specific in vitro and non-toxic in cellular assays. They significantly reduced the in vitro and in vivo (total body) endonuclease activity. In addition, we found that CFP gene delivery to various mouse organs measured by real-time RT-PCR was increased if the inhibitors were administered 2 days before intravenously injection of pECFP plasmid DNA compared to the vehicle-injected mice. This finding can be utilized for further improvement of gene delivery-based therapeutic strategies.
Anisotropic structural and optical properties of semi-polar (11–22) GaN grown on m-plane sapphire using double AlN buffer layers (2016)

We report the anisotropic structural and optical properties of semi-polar (11-22) GaN grown on m-plane sapphire using a three-step growth method which consisted of a low temperature AlN buffer layer, followed by a high temperature AlN buffer layer and GaN growth. By introducing double AlN buffer layers, we substantially improve the crystal and optical qualities of semi-polar (11-22) GaN, and significantly reduce the density of stacking faults and dislocations. The high resolution x-ray diffraction measurement revealed that the in-plane anisotropic structural characteristics of GaN layer are azimuthal dependent. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the majority of dislocations in the GaN epitaxial layer grown on m-sapphire are the mixed-type and the orientation of GaN layer was rotated 58.4° against the substrate. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed the PL intensity and wavelength have polarization dependence along parallel and perpendicular to the [1-100] axis (polarization degrees ~ 0.63). The realization of a high polarization semi-polar GaN would be useful to achieve III-nitride based lighting emission device for displays and backlighting.
C−H Bond Activation by Rhodium(I) Phenoxide and Acetate Complexes: Mechanism of H−D Exchange between Arenes and Water (2008)

New rhodium(I) complexes (PNP)Rh(X) (PNP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) (X = OTf (1), OAc (3), OH (8), OCH2CF3 (9), OC6H5 (10), OC6H4NO2 (11)) have been prepared. Hydroxide complex 8 and trifluoroethoxide complex 9 undergo stoichiometric activation of benzene-d6 to form the phenyl complex (PNP)Rh(C6D5). Acetate and aryloxide complexes 3, 10, and 11 are active catalysts for H−D exchange between arenes and water. Control experiments indicate that the rhodium complexes are the active catalysts and that the observed exchange is not catalyzed by adventitious acid. Mechanistic studies of the H−D exchange reaction support a pathway involving dissociation of aryloxide or acetate ligand. The reaction is accelerated by added alcohol and, for the acetate complex, inhibited by added sodium acetate.
Curved approach procedures enabled by a Ground Based Augmentation System (2012)

As the international air traffic increases and becomes more and more complex there is a growing demand for new operational procedures where noise and terrain issues are being considered increasingly. The proceeding integration of satellite navigation into aviation is paving the way for more flexible and complex approach procedures. Operationally, the Required Navigation Performance (RNP) determines the specifications an aircraft has to fulfill to perform a specific procedure. The use of a Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) could provide the required accuracy and integrity while loosening the requirements on the aircraft equipment. GBAS is certified as a system providing CAT I capabilities for a precision approach in an ILS “Look-Alike” fashion but in addition the architecture of a GBAS already contains the possibility to provide data for complex procedures, called Terminal Area Paths (TAP). Within this work, the data architecture of TAP messages was incorporated into a cockpit simulator and trials regarding flyability were conducted. For every waypoint in a TAP, a specific horizontal and vertical sensitivity value can be assigned. Therefore, different values for this sensitivity value were investigated during simulated approaches that were flown manually and automatically. Different means of displaying the deviation information were provided to the pilots. The results in terms of Flight Technical Error (FTE) for different approach paths flown automatically and manually are presented. An analysis of the different waypoint sensitivities and means of displaying deviation information is going to be carried out. Based on the observed FTE values, a first link between GBAS TAP performance and existing RNP values for the approach phase of a flight is going to be established.
Interfaces for timeline-based mobile video browsing (2008)

Browsing video on mobile devices such as smartphones and PDAs requires new interface designs and interaction concepts because of their small screen sizes. In this paper, we present four different interfaces which enable users to skim video at different replay speed levels: An interface supporting flicking similar to text browsing on an iPhone™, an elastic slider, and two variations which also allow for interactive speed manipulation. Based on a heuristic evaluation with all four designs, revised versions of the two most promising ones have been implemented. A comparative user study proved the usefulness of the proposed designs. Both interfaces showed the same performance (measured in time needed to solve typical browsing tasks) but achieved different results in subjective user assessments.
Control of Solenopsis invicta with delayed‐action fluorinated toxicants (1986)

Abstract The fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, was accidentally imported into the southern United States and has become a serious medical and agricultural pest of nine southeastern states and Puerto Rico. For a bait toxicant to be effective in fire ant control it must have delayed activity over a wide range of concentrations. Less than 1% of the 7500 compounds screened since 1958 has had delayed action. This paper describes several classes of fluorinated compounds that exhibit delayed activity. These compounds are used to illustrate the following three approaches to the discovery of delayed‐action toxicants: (a) random screening of compounds for delayed action; (b) design of delayed activity through the synthesis of pro‐insecticides; and (c) serendipity. As a result of these investigations two new classes of insecticides were discovered. A compound from one of these classes (tetrahydro‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2(1 H )‐pyrimidinone (3‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1‐(2‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐ethynyl)‐2‐propenyl‐idene) hydrazone, has been commercialised, while one or more compounds from the second new chemical class (fluorinated sulphonamides) are under development. Fluorinated delayed‐action insecticides have made significant contributions to current fire ant control and will no doubt play a role in the future.
Dysregulation of Micrornas Involved In HTLV-Associated Adult T-Cell Lymphoma (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3122 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive, fatal malignancy of CD4+ T cells that is etiologically associated with infection by human T-cell leukemia virus-type. ATL has been classified into four main subtypes, indolent smoldering, chronic forms, acute and lymphomatous forms. Most individuals in the chronic stage of ATL eventually undergo progression to a highly aggressive acute stage. Compelling evidence supports a pivotal role for altered tumor suppressor genes involved in leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis of ATL as well as progression of the disease from the chronic/smoldering to the acute/lymphomatous type. Further investigations are needed as to how the alteration of cell cycle regulatory genes are involved in the aberrant growth of HTLV-infected T cells. The emerging role of microRNAs in tumor development and viral infection has prompted investigations on the role of microRNA in ATL pathogenesis and progression. We therefore performed microRNA microarrays on 16 lymphomatous tissues of ATL patients and normal CD4 lymphocytes of 5 healthy donors. After normalization, we identified a set of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in ATL lymphoma samples when compared with control CD4 lymphocytes including 49 upregulated microRNAs and 89 downregulated microRNAs. MiR-150, miR-24, miR-221, miR-222, miR-142-5p, miR-92b, miR-93, miR-181a, miR-103, miR-107 stands out as highly elevated miRNAs in ATL samples while miR-30b, miR-34a, miR-20b, miR-196b, miR-361-5p, miR-520b/e are found downregulated in ATLL samples. Using gain-and-loss experimentations, we demonstrated miR-181a overexpression decreases, whereas miR-181a inhibition increases a proapoptotic protein, Bim, levels by directly targeting Bim. Furthermore computational analysis, and previous studies revealed that that miR-214, miR-22, miR-93 increased AKT activity by repressing PTEN expression, and miR-221/222 and miR-93 promoted cell proliferation through inhibition of CDKN1B (p27). Overall, this study demonstrated a distinct set of miRNAs that are known to be critical in cellular transformation, representing a novel molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets in ATL lymphoma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hydroxylation of the B-Ring of Flavonoids in the 3′-and 5′-Position with Enzyme Extracts from Flowers of Verbena hybrida (1982)

Enzyme preparations from flowers of Verbena hybrida do not only catalyse hydroxylation of the B-ring of flavanones and dihydroflavonols in the 3'-position but also in the 5'-position. Enzyme activity for 3',5'-hydroxylation was found to be localized in the microsomal fraction and required NADPH as cofactor. Evidence is provided that the formation of the 3',4',5'- hydroxylated flavanone (5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavanone) and dihydroflavonol (dihydromy- ricetin), respectively, proceeds via the corresponding 3',4'-hydroxylated compounds eriodictyol and dihydroquercetin, respectively, which are most probably formed by action of the same enzyme. Enzyme activity for 3',5'-hydroxylation was found to be strictly correlated with the prescence of 3',4',5'-hydroxylated flavonoid compounds in the flowers.
Theory of the Stark Effect on the Donor Levels in 4H Silicon Carbide (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effect of pentanol adsorption on the forces between bilayers of a cationic surfactant (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of pentanol adsorption on the forces between bilayers of a cationic surfactantR. M. Pashley, P. M. McGuiggan, and B. W. NinhamCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 22, 5841–5845Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100280a074https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of guanosine triphosphate on the release and uptake of Ca2+ in saponin-permeabilized macrophages and the skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (1987)

The effects of GTP, with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the release and uptake of Ca2+ were examined by using saponin-treated macrophages and sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from skeletal muscles. The application of GTP in concentrations in the range 0.1-10 microM induced a gradual, small but sustained release of Ca2+ from the saponin-treated macrophages. The addition of PEG to GTP markedly enhanced the GTP-mediated Ca2+ release. GTP at the same concentration ranges used for Ca2+ release decreased the amount of Ca2+ uptake, at a steady state, but stimulated the rate of Ca2+ accumulation in the presence of oxalate, the Ca2+-precipitating anion. The addition of PEG abolished the GTP-evoked stimulation of Ca2+ accumulation in the presence of oxalate. The stimulating effect on the rate of Ca2+ accumulation by GTP and its elimination by PEG were not due to changes in the permeability of oxalate by either GTP or PEG, or both. The Ca2+-releasing effect of GTP without PEG was enhanced by eliminating the uptake activity by decreasing the content of ATP. These results indicate that GTP has an inherent activity to release Ca2+ from non-mitochondrial intracellular stores of saponin-treated macrophages, and PEG enhances the GTP-mediated Ca2+ release, partly owing to its eliminating effect on GTP-stimulated Ca2+ uptake activity. These effects of GTP observed with saponin-permeabilized macrophages were not apparent in the isolated skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The paradigm shift: heartbeat initiation without “the pacemaker cell” (2022)

Abstract The current dogma about the heartbeat origin is based on “the pacemaker cell”, a specialized cell residing in the sinoatrial node (SAN) that exhibits spontaneous diastolic depolarization triggering rhythmic action potentials (APs). Recent high-resolution imaging, however, demonstrated that Ca signals and APs in the SAN are heterogeneous, with many cells generating APs of different rates and rhythms or even remaining non-firing (dormant cells), i.e. generating only subthreshold signals. Here we numerically tested a hypothesis that a community of dormant cells can generate normal automaticity, i.e. “the pacemaker cell” is not required to initiate rhythmic cardiac impulses. Our model includes (i) non-excitable cells generating oscillatory local Ca releases and (ii) an excitable cell lacking automaticity. While each cell in isolation was not “the pacemaker cell”, the cell system generated rhythmic APs: the subthreshold signals of non-excitable cells were transformed into respective membrane potential oscillations via electrogenic Na/Ca exchange and further transferred and integrated (computed) by the excitable cells to reach its AP threshold, generating rhythmic pacemaking. Conclusions: Cardiac impulse is an emergent property of the SAN cellular network and can be initiated by cells lacking intrinsic automaticity. Cell heterogeneity, weak coupling, subthreshold signals, and their summation are critical properties of the new pacemaker mechanism, i.e cardiac pacemaker can operate via a signaling process basically similar to that of “temporal summation” happening in a neuron with input from multiple presynaptic cells. The new mechanism, however, does not refute the classical pacemaker cell-based mechanism: both mechanisms can co-exist and interact within SAN tissue.