gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion induced effects of high‐order optical sidebands in the performance of millimeter‐wave fiber‐optic links (2006)

Abstract In this paper, chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) are proposed as signal‐phase controllers for microwave‐photonic wireless downstream fiber links. The effect of high‐order modulation optical sidebands that disturbs the output mm‐wave signal due to the chromatic dispersion induced by the gratings is studied theoretically and experimentally. The 1 st and 2 nd mm‐wave harmonics of the output signal have been measured for conventional intensity modulation and for intensity modulation with optical carrier suppression. In the last case, data transmission at 2.5 Gb/s is demonstrated through a chirped grating of 280 ps/nm dispersion in a 40‐GHz modulated link. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1436–1441, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21634
Heavy chain of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens is conformationally labile: a possible role for beta 2-microglobulin. (1979)

The three-dimensional organization of HLA antigens has been investigated by spectroscopic and immunochemical techniques. Measurement of the circular dichroism shows that in papain-solubilized HLA the heavy chain as well as the previously studied light chain (beta 2-microglobulin) consists predominantly of beta-pleated sheet structures. When heavy chain is separated from the light chain under denaturing conditions and is allowed to renature, about 50% of the beta structure is lost, concomitantly with most of the alloantigenic activity. Analysis of the two acid-cleaved fragments of HLA-B7 heavy chain shows that beta structure is preferentially lost from the COOH-terminal region of the heavy chain. Exposure to denaturants per se does not inevitably result in irreversible loss of antigenic activity. However, recovery of antigenic properties does seem to depend on reassociation of the two chains. The results reported here provide further evidence for (i) the similarity of HLA antigens and immunoglobulins at the three-dimensional level and (ii) two distinct and physiologically important conformations of the HLA heavy chain, depending upon whether it is associated with the light chain.
Subspace Clustering and Label Propagation for Active Feedback in Image Retrieval (2005)

In recent years, relevance feedback has been studied extensively as a way to improve performance of content-based image retrieval (CBIR). However, since users are usually unwilling to provide many feedbacks, the insufficiency of the training samples limited the success of relevance feedback. To tackle this problem, we propose two coupled algorithms: (i) overlapped subspace clustering to select representative images for user’s feedback; and (ii) multi-subspace label propagation to include unlabeled data in the training process. As these two algorithms are both working on sub feature spaces of the image database, they can not only deal with the insufficient training samples but also well capture the user’s attention during the retrieval process. Experimental results on a large database of general-purposed images demonstrated the high effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Terahertz Emission from YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films (1997)

We report the first observation of terahertz emission from unbiased YBa2Cu3O7 thin films at room temperature excited by 1.5 eV femtosecond laser pulses. The strength of the radiated terahertz field depends on the incident angle (θ) and depends linearly on incident power. The terahertz emission also depends strongly on the rotation of the film about its surface normal (azimuthal angle, (ϕ). The strong anisotropy, with 4ϕ symmetry is demonstrated for different polarizations (incident and detected) and found to be consistent with optical rectification. Because YBCO is centrosymmetric, the secord order nonlinear susceptibility vanishes. The next order term in the nonlinear polarizations is the electric quadrupole source term which describes the observed data quite well. The terahertz radiation was found to decrease with decreasing oxygen content, indicating that the carriers in the doped sample enhance the nonlinearity responsible for the terahertz emission.
Thin Coatings with Photo‐Catalytic Activity Based on Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Polymers Modified with Anatase Nanoparticles (2007)

Abstract Summary: Inorganic‐organic hybrid polymer sols where modified with differently prepared as well as commercial titania nanoparticles, to obtain coatings exhibiting a photo‐catalytic activity for the development of self‐cleaning textiles. The particles synthesized using a sol‐gel‐approach where, amongst others, investigated by XRD to prove the existence of titania crystallized in the anatase structure. The photo‐catalytic activity of the different particles as well of the coatings was compared by the decomposition of astrazone red induced by an irradiation with artificial and solar UV‐radiation. With respect to the underlying aim of the investigation the durability of the effect against washing was tested by standardized washing experiments, showing promising results.
Eco-media Events in China (2020)

Abstract This article brings together recent writing on eco-media, media materialism, and racialized Otherness to rethink the place of China and Asia in debates about the Anthropocene. We begin by examining the nonwhite postapocalyptic futures imagined in Bong Joon-ho’s sci-fi film Snowpiercer and argue that the film problematizes a persistent Western-centric bias in both the environmental humanities and the literature on media materialism. Inspired by the metaphoric power of Kronon, the industrial-waste-turned-explosive in Snowpiercer, we theorize the instantaneously mediated and circulated chemical dust explosions in Kunshan and Tianjin in 2014–15 as eco-media events—that is, spectacular and ephemeral moments in which the material processes of digital production link the old forms of resource extraction with our new lives of electronic gadgetry and media tool dependency. Writing against the discourse of Yellow Eco-peril, which depicts such events (in both academic and journalistic writings) through a racialized Eco-Otherness, we offer a counter-politics to reconnect mainland China to the very systems of globalized production and consumption—the deep earth mining, the slow violence of black lung disease, the factory work, the digital consumption practices—that have propelled and intensified the country’s stupendous development as well as its ecological challenges. We find new work on eco-media and media materialism most productive, as it sheds light on three closely intertwined dimensions of eco-media events: time, body, and matter. Probing the deep entanglements between the human and the nonhuman, a critical engagement with these events presents new possibilities to think anew environmental humanities in China, across Asia, and globally.
Induced defect layer method to characterize the effect of fiber tow gaps for the laminates manufactured by automated fiber placement technique (2021)

Automated manufacturing defects are new types of composite structure defects induced during fiber deposition by robots. Fiber tow gap is one of the most probable types of defects observed in the Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) technique. This defect can affect the structural integrity of structures by reducing structural strength and stiffness. The effect of this defect on the mechanical response of the composite laminates has been investigated experimentally in the literature. However, there is still no efficient numerical/analytical method for damage assessment of composite structures with distributed induced gaps manufactured by the AFP technique. The present paper aims to develop the Induced Defect Layer Method (IDLM), a new robust meso-macro model for damage analysis of the composite laminates with gaps. In this method, a geometrical parameter, Gap Percentage (GP), is implemented to incorporate the effect of induced-gaps in the elastic, inelastic, and softening behavior at the material points. Thus, while the plasticity and failure of the resin pockets in conjunction with intralaminar composite damages can be evaluated by this method, the defective areas are not required to be defined as resin elements in the Finite Element (FE) models. It can also be applied for any arbitrary distributions of the defects in the multi-layer composite structures, making it a powerful tool for continuum damage analysis of large composite structures. Results indicate that the proposed method can consider the effect of gaps in both elastic and inelastic behavior of the composite laminate with defects. It also provides good agreement with the experimental results.
Current NCI-sponsored Cooperative Group trials of endocrine therapies in breast cancer (2007)

Over several decades, investigators working through National Cancer Institute-sponsored Cooperative Groups have contributed to major advances in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. Accomplishments include the benefit of tamoxifen therapy for early stage invasive and noninvasive breast cancer, the benefit of raloxifene and tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer, the improved efficacy of tamoxifen after chemotherapy as opposed to concurrent administration, and the ability of letrozole administered after 5 years of tamoxifen to improve disease-free survival. Most recently, Cooperative Group studies have contributed to the development of a molecular profiling test, Oncotype Dx, which identifies women who have an excellent prognosis with hormonal therapy alone. Ongoing phase 3 clinical trials address the following questions: Is prolonged duration of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy beneficial? What is the efficacy and toxicity of steroidal versus nonsteroidal AIs in adjuvant treatment? Is combination hormonal therapy with an estrogen receptor down-regulator (fulvestrant) and an AI superior to an AI alone in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer? Does ovarian suppression offer superior benefit to standard therapy in the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer? What is the role of chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer selected via molecular profiling analysis? How can targeted therapies be used effectively in combination? Studies in subsets of patients defined by molecular profiling will be necessary to fully define breast cancer subtypes and realize the promise of personalized medicine. Close research partnerships that promote large-scale translational research are essential to the continuation of rapid achievements in this field.
What's decidable about hybrid automata? (1995)

Hybrid automata model systems with both digital and analog components, such az embedded control programs. Many verification tasks for such programs can be expressed as reachability problems for hybrid automata. By improving on previous decidability and undecidability results, we identify the precise boundary between decidability and undecidability of the reachability problem for hybrid automata.
<title>Development of an otolaryngological interferometric fiber optic diagnostic probe</title> (1992)

Current medical instrumentation research at InterScience, Inc. is aimed at utilizing state of the art electro-optics in the development of a diagnostic fiber optic instrument capable of quantifying vibration patterns in real time. This work is in collaboration with the Division of Otolaryngology of the Albany Medical College. The innovative diagnostic probe system design involves the miniaturization of an electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system through the use of fiber optic elements coupled with high speed image acquisition from a solid state matrix detector. Subsequent frame by frame processing produces a high quality three-dimensional spatial representation of the vibrational pattern. The diagnostic probe system is being developed for quantitative tympanic membrane and vocal cord vibration analysis. The significance of the introduction of this instrument to the medical community is the contribution it could make in the efficiency and effectiveness of the diagnosis of otolaryngological disorders. Specific applications include the evaluation of tympanosclerosis, stiffness related middle ear disorders, ossicular chain abnormalities, tympanic membrane replacement, vocal dysphonias, and early detection of laryngeal carcinomas, cysts, and phenomenological properties of mucosal wave dynamics. The current instrumentation research is focused on the production of a prototype system for clinical trials. This research is based in ESPI optical system development and miniaturization, system hardware and software development, and clinical design of the probe heads within anatomical limitations. Significant advantages of this diagnostic tool over currently used instrumentation and procedures are the real time capabilities of the instrument, the ability to quantify the vibrational pattern in time and space, and the possibility of establishing a database of patient history and disorder characteristics. Once fully developed and integrated into the clinical environment, this system will have a profound effect on the diagnostic capabilities of the otolaryngologist and other clinicians and researchers of communication sciences and disorders.
Intraoperative MR Imaging Guidance for Intracranial Neurosurgery: Experience with the First 200 Cases (1999)

Intraoperative MR imaging was successfully implemented for a variety of intracranial procedures and provided continuous visual feedback, which can be helpful in all stages of neurosurgical intervention without affecting the duration of the procedure or the incidence of complications. This system has potential advantages over conventional frame-based and frameless stereotactic procedures with respect to the safety and effectiveness of neurosurgical interventions.
Development of an oligoamide coating as a surface mimetic for aromatic polyamide films used in reverse osmosis membranes (2010)

We developed a method for the in situ synthesis of an oligoamide coating on gold. The resultant surface chemical composition, wettability, and chemical nature were comparable to aromatic polyamide films used as reverse osmosis membranes. Hence, the oligoamide wafer may be used in adsorption/fouling studies as a surface mimetic of reverse osmosis membranes.
IV. Nitric oxide synthase gene knockout mice (1999)

Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous molecule implicated in a variety of biological processes. The specific action of nitric oxide depends on its enzymatic sources, namely neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS), each having distinct tissue localization. Conventional pharmacological antagonists could not distinguish these enzymes or provide models of chronic nitric oxide depletion in whole animals. Several lines of knockout mice have been generated to distinguish the roles of nitric oxide from each enzyme: nitric oxide from nNOS is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, nitric oxide from eNOS regulates blood flow under physiological conditions, and nitric oxide from iNOS causes hypotension during severe inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the nitric oxides from each isoform have different roles in tissue injury and inflammation. Studies of NOS-deficient animals have also identified redundant and compensatory pathways and revealed the consequences of life-long deficiency of these enzymes. The nNOS-deficient mice develop gastric dilation and stasis, the eNOS-deficient mice develop hypotension and lack vasodilatory responses to injury, and iNOS-deficient mice are more susceptible to inflammatory damage but more resistant to septic shock.
Digitoxin medication and cancer; case control and internal dose-response studies (2001)

Morbidity and mortality are high in the population on digitoxin, due to high age and cardiac disease. These factors disturb efforts to isolate an eventual anticancer effect of digitoxin in this setting. Still, the results may indicate an anticancer effect of digitoxin for leukemia/lymphoma and kidney/urinary tract cancers. Prospective clinical cancer trials have to be done to find out if digitoxin and other cardiac glycosides are useful as anticancer agents.
Organic Field-effect Transistors Based on 2,9-Disustituted Pentacenes (2008)

Organic field-effect transistors based on vapor deposited films of 2,9-diethylpentacene (C2-PEN), 2,9-dibutylpentacene (C4-PEN), 2,9-dioctylpentacene (C8-PEN) and 2,9-bis(perfluorobutyl)-pentacene (C4F9-PEN) were successfully fabricated. All the alkylpentacene based OFETs showed typical p-channel FET characteristics, and the best field-effect mobility of 0.05 cm2V-1s-1 with on/off current ratio of ~104 was obtained for the C2-PEN based OFET. Interestingly, the filed-effect mobility decreased as alkyl-chain length becomes longer. According to the molecular orbital (MO) calculations, the 2,9-dialkylpentacenes form doubly bent molecular structures in which the all-anti alkyl groups are not lie on the same plane as that of the pentacene core. The alkyl-chains may hinder the intermolecular interactions and overlap, meaning the poor intermolecular charge transfer. It was found that the substitution of p-type pentacene core with perfluoroalkyl groups affords n-type material. According to the MO calculation, LUMO energy level (-2.94 eV) of C4F9-PEN are fairly lower than that of pentacene.
The androgen receptor confers protection against diet‐induced atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia in female mice (2014)

Androgens have important cardiometabolic actions in males, but their metabolic role in females is unclear. To determine the physiologic androgen receptor (AR)-dependent actions of androgens on atherogenesis in female mice, we generated female AR-knockout (ARKO) mice on an atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient background. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet, but not on a normal chow diet, atherosclerosis in aorta was increased in ARKO females (+59% vs. control apoE-deficient mice with intact AR gene). They also displayed increased body weight (+18%), body fat percentage (+62%), and hepatic triglyceride levels, reduced insulin sensitivity, and a marked atherogenic dyslipidemia (serum cholesterol, +52%). Differences in atherosclerosis, body weight, and lipid levels between ARKO and control mice were abolished in mice that were ovariectomized before puberty, consistent with a protective action of ovarian androgens mediated via the AR. Furthermore, the AR agonist dihydrotestosterone reduced atherosclerosis (-41%; thoracic aorta), subcutaneous fat mass (-44%), and cholesterol levels (-35%) in ovariectomized mice, reduced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in hepatoma cells in vitro, and regulated mRNA expression of hepatic genes pivotal for lipid homeostasis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the AR protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis in female mice and propose that this is mediated by modulation of body composition and lipid metabolism.
Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation and Interleukin Production in Chickens Immunized with Killed Salmonella enteritidis Vaccine or Experimental Subunit Vaccines (2003)

Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of cell-mediated immunity after immunization of chickens with a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine or experimental subunit vaccines of crude protein (CP) extract or the outer membrane protein (OMP). Significantly increased proliferative responses to SE flagella, but not lipopolysaccharide, porin, CP, or OMP, were observed at 1 wk postimmunizarion in the three vaccination groups. The responses to flagella were specific because flagella-induced proliferation was not seen in chickens immunized with adjuvant alone. Of the three immunization protocols, use of the killed SE vaccine appeared most effective because it induced higher flagella-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation at 1 and 2 wk postvaccination compared with the CP- and OMP-vaccinated groups. Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups compared with adjuvant alone, but there were no differences between the killed vaccine and the subunit vaccines at this time, and the levels of both lymphokines returned to baseline at 2 wk postimmunization. We conclude that cell-mediated immunity to SE after vaccination with the killed bacterial vaccine or subunit vaccines is transient and mainly limited to flagella.
Transport of L‐carnitine in isolated cerebral cortex neurons (2001)

The accumulation of carnitine was measured in cerebral cortex neurons isolated from adult rat brain. This process was found to be lowered by 40% after preincubation with ouabain and with SH-group reagents (N-ethylmaleimide and mersalyl). The initial velocity of carnitine transport was found to be inhibited by 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in a competitive way (Ki = 20.9 +/- 2.4 mM). However, of various inhibitors of GABA transporters, only nipecotic acid and very high concentrations of 1-[2-([(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy)ethyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (NO-711) acid decreased carnitine accumulation while betaine, taurine and beta-alanine had no effect. The GABA transporters expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes did not transport carnitine. Moreover, carnitine was not observed to diminish the accumulation of GABA in cerebral cortex neurons, which further excluded a possible involvement of the GABA transporter GAT1 in the process of carnitine accumulation, despite the expression of this protein in the cells under study. The absence of carnitine transporter OCTN2 in rat cerebral cortex neurons (K. A. Nałecz, D. Dymna, J. E. Mroczkowska, A. Broër, S. Broër, M. J. Nałecz and R. Cecchelli, unpublished results), together with the insensitivity of carnitine accumulation towards betaines, implies that a novel transporting protein is present in these cells.
Magnetic core shell nanoparticles trapping in a microdevice generating high magnetic gradient (2011)

Magnetic core shell nanoparticles (MCSNPs) 30 nm diameter with a magnetic weight of 10% are usually much too small to be trapped in microfluidic systems using classical external magnets. Here, a simple microchip for efficient MCSNPs trapping and release is presented. It comprises a bed of micrometric iron beads (6-8 μm diameter) packed in a microchannel against a physical restriction and presenting a low dead volume of 0.8 nL. These beads of high magnetic permeability are used to focus magnetic field lines from an external permanent magnet and generate local high magnetic gradients. The nanoparticles magnetic trap has been characterised both by numerical simulations and fluorescent MCSNPs imaging. Numerical simulations have been performed to map both the magnetic flux density and the magnetic force, and showed that MCSNPs are preferentially trapped at the iron bead magnetic poles where the magnetic force is increased by 3 orders of magnitude. The trapping efficiency was experimentally determined using fluorescent MCSNPs for different flow rates, different iron beads and permanent magnet positions. At a flow rate of 100 μL h(-1), the nanoparticles trapping/release can be achieved within 20 s with a preconcentration factor of 4000.
The study of laser rangefinder with dual branch flexible light guide (2019)

A flexible optical measuring device is laser rangefinder with flexible ranging direction which includes a TOF (time of flight) laser rangefinder, an optical fiber adapter and a dual branch flexible light guide. The TOF laser rangefinder includes a laser diode source, an optical receiver and a computing unit. The dual branch flexible light guide is disposed and connected the TOF laser rangefinder. Due to the flexibility of dual branch flexible light guide, the laser ranging direction can also achieve ranging in any direction. Its ranging curve line equation is highly linearity. The cofficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) is moer than 0.9. Therefore, this design has been presented to meet with requirement for measuring distance indeeds for many applications.