gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic Metamaterials (2014)

We review our experimental work on three-dimensional metamaterials for photonics. Particular emphasis is on helical, tapered helical, intertwined triple and quadruple helical, and connected left-right handed helical gold-based metamaterials. Article not available.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Topical Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effects of Fluorine-Containing Inhibitors Devoid of Enhanced Reactivity (2004)

Polyfluorinated carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) show very good inhibitory properties against carbonic anhydrase (CA) and excellent in vivo antiglaucoma properties after topical administration in rabbits. Still, the pentafluorinated compounds reported previously by this group (Scozzafava et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 4542-4551) showed high reactivity with thiol groups of cysteine, glutathione, and presumably other proteins containing such moieties, which may lead to severe ocular side effects. Here, we report an approach for obtaining fluorinated CA inhibitors without the undesired enhanced reactivity. Thus, new compounds have been obtained by attaching moieties with reduced reactivity toward aromatic substitution reactions to the molecules of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing derivatizable amino moieties. The employed tails of the 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluophenylsulfonyl, and pentafluorophenylureido types induced excellent CA inhibitory properties in the new reported sulfonamides, mainly against the isozymes involved in aqueous humor secretion, CA II and CA IV, whereas affinity for CA I was lower. Several low-nanomolar CA II inhibitors were detected, which did not react with cysteine or glutathione, in contrast to the corresponding perfluorinated compounds previously reported. These derivatives also showed a potent reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in hypertensive rabbits, amounting to 13-21 mmHg at 1 h postadministration (compared to 5 mmHg obtained with dorzolamide, a clinically used drug), and the decreased IOP was maintained for 4-5 h after the administration. These compounds constitute valuable candidates for obtaining topically acting antiglaucoma CA inhibitors of a new generation, with enhanced efficacy, prolonged duration of action, and reduced side effects.
Three-phase voltage source NPC soft-switching inverter for interactive energy storage plants (1999)

This paper presents feasible performance of digitally-controlled three-level three-phase voltage source soft switching inverter with two auxiliary resonant DC link snubbers which can operate under a condition of zero voltage switching (ZVS). The operating principle of this inverter topology which is suitable for a high power energy storage utilization system is discussed as compared with a two-level soft switching inverter. The system effectiveness of the new inverter treated here are proved on the basis of the experimental results.
Transparent barrier coatings on polyethylene terephthalate by single- and dual-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1998)

Transparent barrier coatings on polymers are receiving much attention in industry, for pharmaceutical, food and beverage packaging applications. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is among several competing techniques which can produce thin layers of inorganic glassy barrier materials. In this article we describe the performance of silicon compounds (SiO2 and Si3N4) on 13 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, the barrier coatings being deposited in a dual-frequency (microwave/radio frequency) pilot-scale PECVD reactor for continuously moving flexible webs up to 30 cm in width. The volatile silicon compound used for SiO2 deposition is HMDSO (C6H18Si2O), while SiH4 serves to deposit Si3N4. Coating thicknesses, d, in the range 8 nm⩽d⩽200 nm, are measured using a variety of techniques, namely stylus profilometry, continuous wavelength optical interferometry, x-ray fluorescence, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, and transmission electron microscopy, while film compositions are determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxygen transmission (OTR) and water vapor transmission (WVTR) measurements are carried out with MOCON “Oxtran” and “Permatran-W” instruments, respectively. As also reported by other workers, we typically find OTR values of about 0.5 scc/m2 day and WVTR about 0.3 g/m2 day, for barrier thicknesses exceeding a “critical” value (dc, about 15 nm), but the minimum permeation values depend upon the concentration of defect sites in the coating (mostly related to substrate microroughness). In order to confirm this correlation, we have developed a technique combining reactive ion etching through the PET, followed by optical and transmission electron microscopies, to characterize the types and number densities of coating defects. On the basis of these, we find good agreement between measured and calculated values of OTR.
HER2-directed treatment of metastatic breast cancer: unanswered questions. (2013)

As more drugs become available in the HER2 arena, clinicians will be faced with increasing challenges regarding which sequences and combinations of drugs will be the best for their patients. In the era in which we practice, a great deal of this is likely to be dictated by the payers.
Dimensionality of visual complexity in computer graphics scenes (2008)

How do human observers perceive visual complexity in images? This problem is especially relevant for computer graphics, where a better understanding of visual complexity can aid in the development of more advanced rendering algorithms. In this paper, we describe a study of the dimensionality of visual complexity in computer graphics scenes. We conducted an experiment where subjects judged the relative complexity of 21 high-resolution scenes, rendered with photorealistic methods. Scenes were gathered from web archives and varied in theme, number and layout of objects, material properties, and lighting. We analyzed the subject responses using multidimensional scaling of pooled subject responses. This analysis embedded the stimulus images in a two-dimensional space, with axes that roughly corresponded to "numerosity" and "material / lighting complexity". In a follow-up analysis, we derived a one-dimensional complexity ordering of the stimulus images. We compared this ordering with several computable complexity metrics, such as scene polygon count and JPEG compression size, and did not find them to be very correlated. Understanding the differences between these measures can lead to the design of more efficient rendering algorithms in computer graphics.
Activity links (2005)

Tasks that take place over a long period of time or collaborative tasks where participants are required to develop an understanding of each other's effort benefit from better communication about activities. We are exploring facilities for linking directly to activity in hypertext rather than to documents describing activity. One way of preserving a record of activity is to store and access document history. Based on the existing use of edit history in the Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB), this paper explores functionality surrounding activity links, links whose destination anchors are a span of activity within the edit history. We describe enhancements in VKB that support reviewing activities in the hypertext space and authoring activity links.
Anti-inflammatory activity of lefamulin versus azithromycin and dexamethasone in vivo and in vitro in a lipopolysaccharide-induced lung neutrophilia mouse model (2021)

Several antibiotics demonstrate both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activities and are used to treat inflammatory pulmonary disorders. Lefamulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic approved to treat community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). This study evaluated lefamulin anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro in a lipopolysaccharide-induced lung neutrophilia model in which mouse airways were challenged with intranasal lipopolysaccharide. Lefamulin and comparators azithromycin and dexamethasone were administered 30min before lipopolysaccharide challenge; neutrophil infiltration into BALF and inflammatory mediator induction in lung homogenates were measured 4h postchallenge. Single subcutaneous lefamulin doses (10‒140mg/kg) resulted in dose-dependent reductions of BALF neutrophil cell counts, comparable to or more potent than subcutaneous azithromycin (10‒100mg/kg) and oral/intraperitoneal dexamethasone (0.5/1mg/kg). Lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and GM-CSF), chemokine (CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and CCL-2), and MMP-9 levels were significantly and dose-dependently reduced in mouse lung tissue with lefamulin; effects were comparable to or more potent than with dexamethasone or azithromycin. Pharmacokinetic analyses confirmed exposure-equivalence of 30mg/kg subcutaneous lefamulin in mice to a single clinical lefamulin dose to treat CABP in humans (150mg intravenous/600mg oral). In vitro, neither lefamulin nor azithromycin had any relevant influence on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine/chemokine levels in J774.2 mouse macrophage or human peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants, nor were any effects observed on IL-8‒induced human neutrophil chemotaxis. These in vitro results suggest that impediment of neutrophil infiltration by lefamulin in vivo may not occur through direct interaction with macrophages or neutrophilic chemotaxis. This is the first study to demonstrate inhibition of neutrophilic lung infiltration and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine concentrations by clinically relevant lefamulin doses. This anti-inflammatory activity may be beneficial in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, or severe inflammation-mediated lung injury, similar to glucocorticoid (eg, dexamethasone) activity. Future lefamulin anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory activity studies are warranted to further elucidate mechanism of action and evaluate clinical implications.
Advantages and applications of vehicle to grid mode of operation in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2009)

Reduction in green house gas emissions, increase in oil prices and dependency on foreign oil are major incentives to the development and deployment of Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle fleet is expected to increase the base electric load and add constraints on the reliable operation of a power system. However, equipped with bidirectional battery chargers, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles offer the power grid a flexible load, known as vehicle to grid mode of operation, capable of contributing to power system operations by supplying ancillary services. This paper gives an overview of the state of the art in battery technologies and charger requirements. The advantages and requirement for operating in vehicle to grid mode is presented. Alleviation of wind generation and improvement of short-term voltage stability are some of the potential benefits of the vehicle to grid mode.
Optical and electrical characterization of boron impurities in silicon carbide grown by physical vapor transport (1996)

Undoped SiC crystals grown by physical vapor transport have been characterized by temperature dependent Hall effect and near infrared optical absorption measurements. Crystals with reduced nitrogen content were found to exhibit p-type conductivity with carrier concentrations in the 5×1014–1×1016 cm−3 range at room temperature. The Fermi level position determined from Hall effect measurements at elevated temperatures was 0.35 eV above valence band. The primary acceptor-type impurity was identified as substitutional boron with total concentration of uncompensated acceptors in the 1×1017–5×1018 range. This interpretation was confirmed by near infrared absorption spectra, which were dominated by a broad photoionization band with a threshold at 0.7 eV and a maximum at 1.75 eV. The shape of the band was fitted, and the thermal ionization energy of the defect was found to be in the 0.3–0.4 eV range. A correlation between the photoionization band intensity, and the uncompensated boron content was used to determine the value of maximum optical cross section of boron photoionization band, which was 4.17×10−17 cm2. In addition to photoionization band, boron-containing samples exhibited set of narrow absorption lines near the fundamental absorption edge. Based on correlation with boron content and line position in different SiC polytypes, these lines were identified as due to excitons bound to neutral boron acceptors.
Eight Weeks of Non-Nightly Use of Zolpidem for Primary Insomnia (2000)

Zolpidem 10 mg is effective in treating insomnia when used intermittently, without evidence of discontinuation effects or increased frequency of pill taking.
Upstream Stimulatory Factors Regulate HIV-1 Latency and Are Required for Robust T Cell Activation (2023)

HIV-1 provirus expression is controlled by signaling pathways that are responsive to T cell receptor engagement, including those involving Ras and downstream protein kinases. The induction of transcription from the HIV-1 LTR in response to Ras signaling requires binding of the Ras-responsive element binding factor (RBF-2) to conserved <i>cis</i> elements flanking the enhancer region, designated RBE3 and RBE1. RBF-2 is composed minimally of the USF1, USF2, and TFII-I transcription factors. We recently determined that TFII-I regulates transcriptional elongation from the LTR through recruitment of the co-activator TRIM24. However, the function of USF1 and USF2 for this effect are uncharacterized. Here, we find that genetic deletion of <i>USF2</i> but not <i>USF1</i> in T cells inhibits HIV-1 expression. The loss of USF2 caused a reduction in expression of the USF1 protein, an effect that was not associated with decreased <i>USF1</i> mRNA abundance. USF1 and USF2 were previously shown to exist predominately as heterodimers and to cooperatively regulate target genes. To examine cooperativity between these factors, we performed RNA-seq analysis of T cell lines bearing knockouts of the genes encoding these factors. In untreated cells, we found limited evidence of coordinated global gene regulation between USF1 and USF2. In contrast, we observed a high degree of genome-wide cooperative regulation of RNA expression between these factors in cells stimulated with the combination of PMA and ionomycin. In particular, we found that the deletion of <i>USF1</i> or <i>USF2</i> restricted T cell activation response. These observations indicate that USF2, but not USF1, is crucial for HIV-1 expression, while the combined function of these factors is required for a robust T cell inflammatory response.
MiRNA-21: a key to controlling the cardiac fibroblast compartment? (2009)

This editorial refers to 'MicroRNA expression in response to murine myocardial infarction: miR-21 regulates fibroblast metalloprotease-2 via phosphatase and tensin homologue' by S. Roy et al., 21-29, this issue.
The Basic Study for Building the Depression Prescription Guideline of Gamiguibi-Tang - The Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of the Depression Pattern-Identification Questionnaire - (2009)

Objectives : As depression falls into the category of Wuljeung, Gamiguibi-Tang(Jiaweiguipitang) is the standard prescription to cure Wuljeung. This study develops a questionnaire for building the guidelines to administer Gamiguibi-Tang to depression and evaluates reliability and validity of questionnaire. Methods : With extracting the text related to depression and Gamiguibi-Tang through total 9 Korean medicine books and consulting the experts, the study selected 80 items and converted them into a questionnaire. It surveyed the neuropsychiatry professors and the medical specialists three times by Delphi method, and lastly selected 21 final items of a questionnaire. On the basis of the questionnaire, it collected total 216 samples and tested their reliability and validity. Results : 21 items all didn't reduce total Cronbach alpha coefficient and satisfied test-retest reliability. As a result of factor analysis, totally 5 factors were extracted such as mental state, sleep, accompaniment, fatigue and weakness. Finally, in comparing a depression group with a normal control group, two groups all showed meaningful difference in each 21 items' point, the sum of factor 1 to 5 items' points, and the sum of 21 items' points. Conclusions : The questionnaire on the updated depression prescription guideline of Gamiguibi-Tang satisfied both of reliability and validity. Later it can help objectifying to apply Gamiguibi-Tang to depression cure.
A Novel Class of Modular Transporters for Vitamins in Prokaryotes (2008)

The specific and tightly controlled transport of numerous nutrients and metabolites across cellular membranes is crucial to all forms of life. However, many of the transporter proteins involved have yet to be identified, including the vitamin transporters in various human pathogens, whose growth depends strictly on vitamin uptake. Comparative analysis of the ever-growing collection of microbial genomes coupled with experimental validation enables the discovery of such transporters. Here, we used this approach to discover an abundant class of vitamin transporters in prokaryotes with an unprecedented architecture. These transporters have energy-coupling modules comprised of a conserved transmembrane protein and two nucleotide binding proteins similar to those of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, but unlike ABC transporters, they use small integral membrane proteins to capture specific substrates. We identified 21 families of these substrate capture proteins, each with a different specificity predicted by genome context analyses. Roughly half of the substrate capture proteins (335 cases) have a dedicated energizing module, but in 459 cases distributed among almost 100 gram-positive bacteria, including numerous human pathogens, different and unrelated substrate capture proteins share the same energy-coupling module. The shared use of energy-coupling modules was experimentally confirmed for folate, thiamine, and riboflavin transporters. We propose the name energy-coupling factor transporters for the new class of membrane transporters.
253 Determining the Relationship Between Different Risk Factors with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incidence in Sows (2022)

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of different putative factors with the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in sows. Data from 1,028 sows (PIC Landrace or PIC Camborough, Hendersonville TN) was collected at the final third of gestation, pre-farrowing, at farrowing, and post-farrowing from July to September 2021 in 2 sow farms located in South of Brazil. The annualized prolapse incidence from the 2 farms in 2021 was 2.22 and 3.63%. Whole-herd information and individual sow measurements were collected, including prolapse incidence, farrowing assistance, performance records, tail length, body condition score measured by caliper, perineal score (PS), fecal score (FS), oxytocin use. A logistic regression model using PROC LOGISTIC in SAS (Cary, NC) was utilized to assess risk factors associated with POP incidence rate, with sow as the experimental unit. Sows with PS3 and PS2 had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.001) POP incidence compared with sows with PS1 (38.46, 9.41, and 0.96%, respectively). Thin sows had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.001) POP incidence compared with ideal and fat sows combined (5.8 and 1.76%, respectively). Thin sows with FS1 (dry feces) had greater (P = 0.04) POP incidence compared with thin sows with FS2 and FS3 (normal feces; 8.09% and 1.81%, respectively), but no evidence for differences were observed for fat and ideal sows. Sows receiving farrowing assistance had higher (P &amp;lt;0.001) POP incidence compared with sows that were not sleeved (13.16 and 2.41%, respectively). Sows with tail length &amp;lt;13cm had greater (P = 0.01) POP incidence compared with sows with tail length &amp;gt;13cm (5.18 and 2.25%, respectively). There was also no evidence for an association between use of oxytocin (P = 0.38), total pigs born (P = 0.38), or total litter weight (P = 0.53) and POP incidence. In summary, PS, body condition, FS, farrowing assistance, and tail length appeared to be contributing factors associated with POP incidence in this system.
Inhibitory effects of polyprenoic acid (E5166) on production and secretion of alpha-fetoprotein and on cell kinetics in human hepatoma cells. (1986)

We investigated the effects of polyprenoic acid, E5166, on the production and secretion of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and on cell kinetics in a human hepatoma cell line (HuH-7). The cellular AFP content, measured flow cytometrically for cells stained by an indirect immunofluorescence method, was decreased by treatment with E5166. AFP in the culture medium decreased exponentially during exposure of cells to the drug. These changes were dose-dependent. The growth of HuH-7 cells in vitro was clearly suppressed in the presence of E5166. The inhibition of growth depended on the concentration of the agent. The fraction of S phase cells decreased relatively in the cells treated with a high concentration of the drug, whereas it increased in the cells treated with lower doses.
Specific gene expression profiles and chromosomal abnormalities are associated with infant disseminated neuroblastoma (2009)

Specific chromosomal aberrations are associated with distinct gene expression profiles which characterize spontaneously regressing or aggressive infant NB, providing the biological basis for the distinct clinical behaviour.
Turfgrass Species and Cultivar Influences on Survival and Parasitism of Fall Armyworm (2004)

Interactions between host plant resistance and biological control may benefit or hinder pest management efforts. Turfgrass cultivars have rarely been tested for extrinsic resistance characteristics such as occurrence and performance of beneficial arthropods on plant genotypes with resistance to known turf pests. Parasitism of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), among six turfgrass genotypes was evaluated. The six grasses tested [Sea Isle-1 and 561-79 seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz; TifSport and TifEagle hybrid Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) x C. transvaalensis (Burtt-Davy); and Cavalier and Palisades zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica von Steudel and Z. matrella (L.) Merrill, respectively] represented a range in resistance to S. frugiperda. Differential recovery of larvae released as first instars reflected this gradient in resistance of Cavalier > or = Palisades > or = TifSport = TifEagle > or = 561- = Sea Isle-1 Larval recovery (percentage of initial number released) was greatest in May, less in July and August, and least in October, probably reflecting the increase in activity of on-site predators and disease pressure. Parasitism of the fall armyworm by the braconid Aleiodes laphygmae Viereck varied among turfgrass genotypes. Parasitism was greatest during July. In total, 20,400 first instars were placed in the field; 2,368 were recovered; 468 parasitoids were subsequently reared; 92.2% were A. laphygmae. In the field, the greatest percentage of reduction in S. frugiperda larvae by A. laphygmae occurred on the armyworm-susceptible seashore paspalums (51.9% on Sea Isle-1 in July). Cotesia marginiventris Cresson and Meteorus sp. also were reared from collected larvae. No parasitoids were reared from larvae collected from resistant Cavalier zoysiagrass. A. laphygmae and C. marginiventris were reared from larvae collected from the other five grass cultivars. No parasitoids of older larvae or pupae were observed.