gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Control of Large Scale complex Systems using Convex Control Design tools (2011)

Based on recent advances on convex design for Large-Scale Control Systems (LSCSs) and robust and efficient LSCS self-tuning/adaptation, a methodology is proposed in this paper which aims at providing an integrated LSCS-design, applicable to large-scale systems of arbitrary scale, heterogeneity and complexity and capable of: 1) Providing stable, efficient and arbitrarily-close-to-optimal LSCS performance; 2) Being able to incorporate a viarety of constraints, including limited control constraints as well as constraints that are nonlinear functions of the system controls and outputs (sensor measurements); 3) Being intrinsically self-tunable, able to rapidly and efficiently optimize LSCS performance when short-, medium- or long-time variations affect the large-scale system; 4) Achieving the above, while being scalable and modular. The purpose of the present paper is to provide the main features of the proposed control design methodology.
Improved Lipid Visualization with a Modified Osmium Tetroxide Method Using Ultrasonic Treatment and Intensification with Imidazole or Triazole (1995)

Formalin fixed autopsy tissue containing lipids were cut into 1-5 mm thick blocks, washed well, then postfixed in 2% OsO4 in 0.03 M veronal acetate buffer for 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 min with or without ultrasonic treatment. Tissues exposed to ultrasound for 90 min showed superior penetration of OsO4 and well preserved histological architecture. Tissues also were immersed for 1 hr in veronal acetate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.5% imidazole or triazole and compared with untreated controls. Paraffin sections, 4 microns thick, were examined under a light microscope with an image analyzer. Both intensity and percentage area of osmium blackening were significantly higher in samples immersed in imidazole or triazole than in untreated controls. No difference was observed between imidazole- and triazole-immersed samples. The OsO4 method, modified by ultrasound treatment and imidazole- or triazole-immersion, can be applied to routine formalin fixed autopsy materials for improved lipid visualization.
1,4‐Dihydropyridine: Einfluß von Chiralität und Konformation auf die Calcium‐antagonistische und ‐agonistische Wirkung (1991)

Abstract 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridin‐3,5‐dicarbonsäureester vom Nifedipin‐Typ sind seit ihrer Einführung in den Markt im Jahre 1975 aus der Therapie der Herz‐Kreislauf‐Erkrankungen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Derzeit befinden sich weltweit ca. zwanzig Derivate in klinischer Entwicklung und die Forschungsaktivitäten auf diesem Gebiet halten unvermindert an. 1,4‐Dihydropyridine sind die wirksamsten Calcium‐Antagonisten oder Calciumkanal‐Blocker und werden neben ihrer pharmakologischen Wirkung auch als Werkzeug zur Erforschung des Calciumkanals geschätzt, vor allem seit man weiß, daß es in dieser Verbindungsklasse Substanzen gibt, die ein genau entgegengesetztes Wirkprofil aufweisen und die als Calcium‐Agonisten bezeichnet werden. Besonders bemerkenswert ist, daß diese Wirkungsumkehr auch bei Enantiomerenpaaren auftritt. Wegen der herausragenden Bedeutung der Chiralität für die pharmakologische Wirkung sollen in diesem Aufsatz Methoden zur Enantiomerentrennung beschrieben, die strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen Calcium‐Antagonisten und Calcium‐Agonisten aufgezeigt und der Versuch einer Erklärung ihres unterschiedlichen Verhaltens unternommen werden.
Defect Incorporation and Transport within Dense BaZr0.8Y0.2O3 − δ(BZY20) Proton-Conducting Membranes (2018)

BZY20 is a mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) heterovalently doped perovskite that under most conditions is dominantly a proton conductor. In addition to protons, mobile defects include oxygen vacancies and O-site polarons. An important aspect of the present approach is the inclusion of immobile polaron traps that are associated with the yttrium dopant. The BZY20 material can serve as an electrolyte for applications including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and membrane reactors. The principal objective of the present paper is to develop thermodynamic properties (i.e., enthalpies and entropies) for defect-incorporation reactions and transport properties (i.e., diffusion coefficients) for defect transport within the dense ceramic. Previously published conductivity measurements form the basis for fitting the needed property relationships. The paper incorporates the new thermodynamic and transport properties into Nernst–Planck models that characterize defect transport within electrolyte membranes such as in protonic-ceramic fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Large area cold plasma applicator for decontamination (2008)

Cold plasma applicators have been used in the Medical community for several years for uses ranging from hemostasis ("stop bleeding") to tumor removal. An added benefit of this technology is enhanced wound healing by the destruction of infectious microbial agents without damaging healthy tissue. The beam is typically one millimeter to less than a centimeter in diameter. This technology has been adapted and expanded to large area applicators of potentially a square meter or more. Decontamination applications include both biological and chemical agents, and assisting in the removal of radiological agents, with minimal or no damage to the contaminated substrate material. Linear and planar multiemitter array plasma applicator design and operation is discussed.
Infrared spectra of γ‐irradiated poly(acrylic acid)–polyacrylamide complex (2002)

Abstract Samples of polyacrylamide (PAAm), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and their complex were γ‐irradiated at different doses, namely 48, 96, and 144 KGy. The examination of the infrared spectra of these samples showed that there are no significant observable changes in their spectral features apart from slight changes in the intensities of the absorption bands. The analysis of the absorbances ratios (A 1700 cm −1 /A 1450 cm −1 ) and (A 1650 cm −1 /A 1450 cm −1 ), denoted as R 1 and R 2 , respectively, showed that these ratios depend on γ‐doses. It was found that in the case of PAA, R 1 assumed linear increase with increasing the dose to 96 KGy and then showed marked decrease. For the complex, R 1 increased slightly by increasing the dose to 96 KGy and then decreased. For PAAm, although irradiation with 48 KGy increases the values of R 2 , irradiation with 96 and 144 KGy decreases its value. On the other hand, for the complex, R 2 suggested slight decrease on irradiation with 48 KGy followed by continued increases with increasing the dose up to 144 KGy. The increase in R 1 and R 2 may be due to crosslinking as a result of the formation of free radicals. The decrease in these ratios after irradiation with 96 KGy may be due to degradation. It was concluded that γ‐irradiation has a lower effect on the complex (i.e., the complex has a structure which is different from those of PAA and PAAm). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1619–1623, 2002
Experimental Phylogenetics: Generation of a Known Phylogeny (1992)

Although methods of phylogenetic estimation are used routinely in comparative biology, direct tests of these methods are hampered by the lack of known phylogenies. Here a system based on serial propagation of bacteriophage T7 in the presence of a mutagen was used to create the first completely known phylogeny. Restriction-site maps of the terminal lineages were used to infer the evolutionary history of the experimental lines for comparison to the known history and actual ancestors. The five methods used to reconstruct branching pattern all predicted the correct topology but varied in their predictions of branch lengths; one method also predicts ancestral restriction maps and was found to be greater than 98 percent accurate.
Bioinspired Cell-Derived Nanovesicles versus Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: a Cost-Effective Alternative (2017)

Cell Derived Nanovesicles (CDNs) have been developed from the rapidly expanding field of exosomes, representing a class of bioinspired Drug Delivery Systems (DDS). However, translation to clinical applications is limited by the low yield and multi-step approach in isolating naturally secreted exosomes. Here, we show the first demonstration of a simple and rapid production method of CDNs using spin cups via a cell shearing approach, which offers clear advantages in terms of yield and cost-effectiveness over both traditional exosomes isolation, and also existing CDNs fabrication techniques. The CDNs obtained were of a higher protein yield and showed similarities in terms of physical characterization, protein and lipid analysis to both exosomes and CDNs previously reported in the literature. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms of cellular uptake of CDNs in vitro and their biodistribution in an in vivo mouse tumour model. Colocalization of the CDNs at the tumour site in a cancer mouse model was demonstrated, highlighting the potential for CDNs as anti-cancer strategy. Taken together, the results suggest that CDNs could provide a cost-effective alternative to exosomes as an ideal drug nanocarrier.
Conversion of oils to monoglycerides by glycerolysis in supercritical carbon dioxide media (1996)

Abstract Glycerolysis of soybean oil was conducted in a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) atmosphere to produce monoglycerides (MG) in a stirred autoclave at 150–250°C, over a pressure range of 20.7–62.1 MPa, at glycerol/oil molar ratios between 15–25, and water concentrations of 0–8% (wt% of glycerol). MG, di‐, triglyceride, and free fatty acid (FFA) composition of the reaction mixture as a function of time was analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography. Glycerolysis did not occur at 150°C but proceeded to a limited extent at 200°C within 4 h reaction time; however, it did proceed rapidly at 250°C. At 250°C, MG formation decreased significantly ( P &lt;0.05) with pressure and increased with glycerol/oil ratio and water concentration. A maximum MG content of 49.2% was achieved at 250°C, 20.7 MPa, a glycerol/oil ratio of 25 and 4% water after 4 h. These conditions also resulted in the formation of 14% FFA. Conversions of other oils (peanut, corn, canola, and cottonseed) were also attempted. Soybean and cottonseed oil yielded the highest and lowest conversion to MG, respectively. Conducting this industrially important reaction in SC‐CO 2 atmosphere offered numerous advantages, compared to conventional alkalicatalyzed glycerolysis, including elimination of the alkali catalyst, production of a lighter color and less odor, and ease of separation of the CO 2 from the reaction products.
Excellent c-Si surface passivation by low-temperature atomic layer deposited titanium oxide (2014)

In this work, we demonstrate that thermal atomic layer deposited (ALD) titanium oxide (TiOx) films are able to provide a—up to now unprecedented—level of surface passivation on undiffused low-resistivity crystalline silicon (c-Si). The surface passivation provided by the ALD TiOx films is activated by a post-deposition anneal and subsequent light soaking treatment. Ultralow effective surface recombination velocities down to 2.8 cm/s and 8.3 cm/s, respectively, are achieved on n-type and p-type float-zone c-Si wafers. Detailed analysis confirms that the TiOx films are nearly stoichiometric, have no significant level of contaminants, and are of amorphous nature. The passivation is found to be stable after storage in the dark for eight months. These results demonstrate that TiOx films are also capable of providing excellent passivation of undiffused c-Si surfaces on a comparable level to thermal silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide. In addition, it is well known that TiOx has an optimal refractive index of 2.4 in the visible range for glass encapsulated solar cells, as well as a low extinction coefficient. Thus, the results presented in this work could facilitate the re-emergence of TiOx in the field of high-efficiency silicon wafer solar cells.
Floating oil storage barges and its mooring system in Kamigoto project. Kamigoto sekiyu bichikuyo chozosen no keikaku to kenzo (1990)

Features of the floating oil storage barges and its mooring system were presented of the oil reserve base constructed in Aokata Bay area, Kamigoto-cho, Nagasaki-ken, Japan. The base consisted of the oil barge facility, oil loading and unloading facility, land facility and auxiliary facility including breakwaters. The oil barge facility consisted of five oil storage barges of 0.88 million kl total amount 4.4 million kl, and mooring dolphins for barges and handling. The oil loading and unloading facility consisted of one sea berth capable of mooring a 300kDWT class oil tanker at maximum. The rectangular solid barge of 390m in length, 97m in width and 27.6m in depth was separated into nine oil storage tanks, and a special double casing hull, bottom and bulkheads were used as constantly water-filled seal tanks. Because a reliability was most important to the mooring system, highly reliable constant reaction type fenders were adopted for mooring dolphins after various surveys, experiments and simulations. 8 refs., 6 figs.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2‐Amino Alcohols via Chiral Morpholinones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simplified erasure/list decoding (2015)

We consider the problem of erasure/list decoding using certain classes of simplified decoders. Specifically, we assume a class of erasure/list decoders, such that a codeword is in the list if its likelihood is larger than a threshold. This class of decoders both approximates the optimal decoder of Forney, and also includes the following simplified subclasses of decoding rules: The first is a function of the output vector only, but not the codebook (which is most suitable for high rates), and the second is a scaled version of the maximum likelihood decoder (which is most suitable for low rates). We provide singleletter expressions for the exact random coding exponents of any decoder in these classes, operating over a discrete memoryless channel. For each class of decoders, we find the optimal decoder within the class, in the sense that it maximizes the erasure/list exponent, under a given constraint on the error exponent. We establish the optimality of the simplified decoders of the first and second kind for low and high rates, respectively.
Mono- and Di-substituted 5,6-Diphenyl-3-alkylaminopyridazines Active as ACAT Inhibitors (2002)

A series of mono-or di-para-substituted 5,6-diphenyl-3alkylaminopyridazines were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was tested on the enzyme prepared from rat liver microsomes.The compound which combines a chlorine atom on the 6phenyl ring and a n-hexylamino chain showed a significant enhancement of activity with respect to the unsubstituted derivative.Attempts to correlate the activity of the compounds to their structural features, also through theoretical calculations, are reported.
Physical and mechanical properties of nanoreinforced particleboard composites (2015)

Novel composite materials having desired performance properties can be developed by nanotechnology. The major objective of this research was to produce nanomaterial-reinforced particleboard composites with enhanced physical and mechanical performance. Urea formaldehyde adhesive used to produce particleboard composites was reinforced with nanoSiO2, nanoAl2O3, and nanoZnO at loading level of 0%, 1%, and 3%. To evaluate physical properties density, thickness swelling, water absorption, and equilibrium moisture content were determined while modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, bonding strength, and screw withdrawal strength tests were carried out to evaluate mechanical properties of the particleboard composites. The results acquired in this work revealed that nanomaterial reinforcement technique significantly affected the physical and mechanical performance properties of the particleboard composites. The findings showed that the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, bonding strength, and screw withdrawal resistance of the composites improved by all the nanomaterials used in this study, except 3% nanoZnO. It was also determined that using 1% nanoSiO2 or 1% nanoAl2O3 in the composites had the best results in the bonding strength and screw withdrawal resistance. The findings indicate that it is possible to produce novel wood composites by using proper nanomaterial type and loading level.
NS35 and not vp7 is the soluble rotavirus protein which binds to target cells (1990)

Recent studies using radiolabeled rotavirus lysates have demonstrated a 35-kilodalton viral protein that binds specifically to the surface of MA104 cells (N. Fukuhara, O. Yoshie, S. Kitakoa, and T. Konno, J. Virol. 62:2209-2218, 1988; M. Sabara, J. Gilchrist, G.R. Hudson, and L.A. Babiuk, J. Virol. 53:58-66, 1985). The binding protein was identified as vp7, an outer capsid glycoprotein and the product of rotavirus gene 9. These studies concluded that vp7 mediated viral attachment to MA104 cells and that the binding of a soluble viral protein to a cell monolayer mirrored the attachment of infectious rotavirus to permissive tissue culture cells. In the process of determining which viral protein adheres to the in vivo target cell in rotavirus infection, the mammalian enterocyte, we found that a similar 35-kilodalton rhesus rotavirus (RRV) protein bound to both MA104 cells and murine enterocytes. However, further analysis of this protein by immunoprecipitation, inhibition of glycosylation, and partial proteolysis showed that it was not the RRV gene 9 product, vp7, but the gene 8 product, NS35. Similar results were obtained by using porcine rotavirus (OSU) and bovine rotavirus (NCDV) strains. Binding studies using the in vitro-expressed products of RRV genes 8 and 9 confirmed these results. Since double-shelled virions inhibited the binding of NS35 to cells, we looked for the presence of this protein in preparations of purified virus. Examination of density gradient-purified virus preparations revealed biochemical and immunological evidence that NS35 copurifies in small amounts with double-shelled virions. Thus, these studies clearly demonstrated that when rotavirus proteins are prepared in a soluble form from infected cells, NS35, and not vp7, binds to the surfaces of MA104 cells and murine enterocytes. The observations do not confirm previous experimental results which supported the hypothesis that vp7 was the viral attachment protein. They are consistent with but do not prove the hypothesis that NS35 functions as the rotavirus attachment protein.
A versatile leaky-wave antenna based on stub-loaded rectangular waveguide .III. Comparisons with measurements (1998)

For pt.II ibid., vol.46, no.7, p.1042-46. The article describes the measurements that verify the validity of the theoretical expressions for this new type of antenna. Measurements were made both at millimeter wavelengths (40 to 60 GHz) and in the X-band (8 to 12 GHz) frequency range and of two different quantities: the propagation wavenumbers /spl beta/ and /spl alpha/ and radiation patterns. Comparisons were made with numerical values obtained from the theoretical expressions derived in parts I and II and very good agreement was found in all cases.
Antimicrobials from Seaweeds for Food Applications (2021)

The exponential growth of emerging multidrug-resistant microorganisms, including foodborne pathogens affecting the shelf-life and quality of foods, has recently increased the needs of the food industry to search for novel, natural and eco-friendly antimicrobial agents. Macroalgae are a bio-diverse group distributed worldwide, known to produce multiple compounds of diverse chemical nature, different to those produced by terrestrial plants. These novel compounds have shown promising health benefits when incorporated into foods, including antimicrobial properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the general methods and novel compounds with antimicrobial properties recently isolated and characterized from macroalgae, emphasizing the molecular pathways of their antimicrobial mechanisms of action. The current scientific evidence on the use of macroalgae or macroalgal extracts to increase the shelf-life of foods and prevent the development of foodborne pathogens in real food products and their influence on the sensory attributes of multiple foods (i.e., meat, dairy, beverages, fish and bakery products) will also be discussed, together with the main challenges and future trends of the use of marine natural products as antimicrobials.
New Epoxide Resins by Reaction of Epichlorohydrin with Sulfonamides (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Epoxide Resins by Reaction of Epichlorohydrin with SulfonamidesMerrill CohenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 10, 2095–2101Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50550a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50550a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Picture quality and multiplex management in digital video broadcasting systems (1996)

Multichannel digital video broadcasting is now a practical reality. The new services made possible by this technology offer viewers much wider programme choice than current analogue systems. The wide flexibility offered to programme service providers includes the ability to trade the number of active programmes with the bit rates, and hence picture quality, within the capacity bounds of the system. The nature of the compression process is statistical and, when bit rates are minimised to maximise number of channels, occasionally quality compromises may be necessary if the bit rate cannot momentarily sustain quality. It is possible, by dynamic statistically driven allocation of available capacity, to avoid such momentary quality losses and thus improve the efficiency of the transmission system. This paper explores the relationship between picture quality and multiplex management, especially how the statistical nature of the compressed video can be matched to the MPEG packets and their allocation to services during multiplex processing.
Random renormalization groups and Bayesian scaling of dispersion/diffusion in Lake Michigan and the Gulf of Mexico (2013)

A random renormalization group technique is reviewed, and a related set of Bayesian scaling techniques are presented. The techniques are employed to study the motion of drifters in Lake Michigan on a time scale ranging from 30 min to 5 days and in the Gulf of Mexico on a time scale ranging from 8 h to 85 days. The scaling laws generalize the standard power law scalings. One of the advantages of the Bayesian approach is that scaling laws can be determined even with a paucity of data with the caveat that less data produce greater uncertainty in the scaling laws.