gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: energy drinks (2013)

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the safety and efficacy of the use of energy drinks (ED) or energy shots (ES). The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. Although ED and ES contain a number of nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine. 2. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be determined. 3. Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. 4. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients; these products in particular merit further study to demonstrate their safety and potential effects on physical and mental performance. 5. There is some limited evidence that consumption of low-calorie ED during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or promote a small amount of additional fat loss. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part of the total daily energy intake. 6. Athletes should consider the impact of ingesting high glycemic load carbohydrates on metabolic health, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as the effects of caffeine and other stimulants on motor skill performance. 7. Children and adolescents should only consider use of ED or ES with parental approval after consideration of the amount of carbohydrate, caffeine, and other nutrients contained in the ED or ES and a thorough understanding of the potential side effects. 8. Indiscriminant use of ED or ES, especially if more than one serving per day is consumed, may lead to adverse events and harmful side effects. 9. Diabetics and individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatorenal, and neurologic disease who are taking medications that may be affected by high glycemic load foods, caffeine, and/or other stimulants should avoid use of ED and/or ES unless approved by their physician.
Spinal Deformity and Instability After Multilevel Cervical Laminectomy (1987)

Sixty-four patients who had undergone multilevel cervical laminectomy were studied for postoperative spinal deformity and instability. Special attention was given to patients with cervical spondylosis (CS), ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and spinal cord tumors. Twenty-three (36%) of 64 patients showed postoperative changes in curvature type and 9 (14%) had developed spinal deformity (kyphotic or meandering-type curvature). In two juvenile patients, the deformity developed soon after operation and spinal fusion was required to prevent neurologic complications. In the adult cases, contrary to the hitherto accepted concept, long-term follow-up revealed the tendency of the deformity to develop more frequently in OPLL cases than in CS cases. Mobility of the cervical spine was reduced considerably after laminectomy, both in CS and OPLL cases. There was no adult patient who required further operation for severe deformity or instability after laminectomy. Extensive laminectomy, even including the C2 lamina, seemed to have no adverse effect on the stability of the cervical spine.
Relative functional affinity of specific anti-core IgG in different categories of hepatitis B virus infection (1997)

While resolution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs in most cases, a carrier state can exist in which the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) persists. Some carriers are also positive for the HBV "e" antigen (HBeAg), indicative of high viral replication. Others are HBV "e" antibody (anti-HBe)-positive carriers in whom there appears to be a fall in the level of viral replication with the appearance of antibodies against the "e" antigen. The former group of carrier is considered to be at a higher risk of transmitting HBV infection than the latter. In order that a carrier state may occur, some degree of tolerance to the infectious agent must exist. A study of the rate of increase of specific antibody avidity following infection provides a means of assessing the maturity of the immune response to an infectious agent. Since antibodies specific for the HBV core antigen (HBcAg) are produced in almost all cases of HBV infection and the HBeAg and HBcAg share a large number of amino acids and some B- and T-cell epitopes, the increase in the avidity of antibodies against the HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in cases of acute, resolving HBV infection and in HBV carriers has, therefore, been studied. An increase in the avidity of specific antibody, similar to that seen in other viral infections, was observed following acute, resolving infection. However, low avidity antibody persisted longer in carriers who remained positive for HBeAg, whereas in cases where there were antibodies specific for HBeAg, the anti-HBc antibody was of high avidity. Analysis of sequential sera from carriers who seroconverted from HBeAg-positive to anti-HBe-positive showed that an increase in anti-core avidity could predate seroconversion from HBeAg-positive to anti-HBe-positive status. Thus, anti-HBc avidity studies may be of diagnostic and prognostic significance.
Detection of thirty novelFBN1mutations in patients with Marfan syndrome or a related fibrillinopathy (2003)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a disorder of the extracellular matrix caused by mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN1). Recent studies have illustrated the variability in disease severity and clinical manifestations of MFS. Useful genotype-phenotype correlations have been slow to emerge. We screened 57 unrelated patients with MFS or a Marfan-like phenotype using a combination of SSCP and/or DHPLC. We detected 49 different FBN1 mutations, 30 (62%) of which were novel. The mutations comprised 38 substitutions (78%), 10 deletions (20%), and one duplication (2%). There were 28 missense (57%), nine frameshift (18%), eight splice site (16%), and four nonsense mutations (8 %). Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that patients with an identified FBN1 mutation were more likely to have ectopia lentis and cardiovascular complications compared to those without an identifiable mutation (relative risks of 4.6 and 1.9, respectively). Ectopia lentis was also found to be more prevalent in patients whose mutations involved a cysteine substitution (relative risk 1.6) and less prevalent in those with premature termination mutations (relative risk 0.4). In our hands, we achieved 93% mutation detection for DHPLC analysis of patients who fulfilled the Ghent criteria. Further analysis of detailed clinical information and mutation data may help to anticipate the clinical consequences of specific FBN1 mutations.
Risks associated with USB Hardware Trojan devices used by insiders (2011)

This paper extends the discussion of potential damage that can be done by Hardware Trojan Horse devices by discussing the specific risks associated with an Insider's use of such a device to circumvent established security policies, even when these are implemented with state of the art Endpoint Security Solutions. The paper argues that a specific category of Hardware Trojan Horse devices, those implemented as functional peripheral devices, are particularly dangerous when used by a malicious Insider. The research discusses the implementation of a proof of concept Hardware Trojan Horse device, implemented as a USB Human Interface Devices, that exploits unintended USB channels to exfiltrate data from a computer. The work discusses unintended USB channels, paying particular attention to the observability of the channel in operation. Various scenarios are presented to show that Hardware Trojan Horse devices implemented as peripheral devices can be used to prosecute a wide variety of attacks that are not mitigated by modern defensive techniques. The work demonstrates that a Hardware Trojan Horse device and physical access by a malicious Insider are sufficient to compromise a modern computer system. The paper argues that the study of Hardware Trojan devices must become an integral part of research on Insider Threats.
Correlation between endotoxin level and bacterial count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ventilated patients (2000)

Endotoxin detection immediately after bronchoscopy is a distinct advantage to the clinician because antimicrobial gram-negative therapy may be immediately justified according to the results.
Langkettige alkalimetallorganische Verbindungen vom Typ RCH2CH(CN)M: Herstellung, spektroskopische und elektrochemische Charakterisierung (1972)

Abstract Durch Reaktion zwischen Acrylnitril ( 1 ) und Alkalimetallpolybutadienylen wurden lösliche Agenzien vom Typ RCH 2 CH(CN)M ( 2 ) hergestellt. An derartigen Li‐, Na‐ und K‐Verbindungen 10 – 12 wurden UV‐spektrometrische und konduktometrische Bestimmungen im Temperaturbereich von –70 bis +25° ausgeführt sowie Dissoziationskonstanten, Dissoziationsenthalpien und C–M‐Distanzen berechnet. Entsprechend diesen Ergebnissen treten die Verbindungen 10 – 12 in Tetrahydrofuran als beständige Kontakt‐Ionenpaare auf.
Effects of beta-casomorphin in isolated heart preparations. (1988)

beta-Casomorphin-5, a novel opioid peptide Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly, was tested in isolated heart preparations of guinea pigs in comparison with other morphine related peptides and cardioactive drugs. The substance induced a dose-dependent change in the cardiac contraction force, showing a positive inotropic effect in low concentrations (10(-9) - 10(-7) mol/l) but a cardiodepressive action at higher doses (10(-7) - 10(-5) mol/l). Similarly, potentiation phenomena due to varied pacing rates of right-ventricular strips were enhanced at 10(-8) mol/l and lowered at 10(-6) mol/l beta-casomorphin-5. The coronary flow continuously increased. The observed changes of heart action were not mediated by opioid receptors: specifically acting opioid peptides were without influence and naloxone had no inhibitory effect. Peptides with similar sequences may exert a regulatory role in cardiac function, possibly mediated by an influence on the cellular calcium fluxes. The results may prove to be useful for the detection and estimation of more stable and cardioactive peptides.
A Generic Framework for Engaging Online Data Sources in Introductory Programming Courses (2016)

This paper presents work on a code framework and methodology to facilitate the introduction of large, real-time, online data sources into introductory (or advanced) Computer Science courses. The framework is generic in the sense that no prior scaffolding or template specification is needed to make the data accessible, as long as the source uses a standard format such as XML, CSV, or JSON. The implementation described here maintains minimal syntactic overhead while relieving novice programmers from low-level issues of parsing raw data from a web-based data source. It interfaces directly with data structures and representations defined by the students themselves, rather than predefined and supplied by the library. Together, these features allow students and instructors to focus on algorithmic aspects of processing a wide variety of live and large data sources, without having to deal with low-level connection, parsing, extraction, and data binding. The library, available at http://cs.berry.edu/big-data, has been used in an introductory programming course based on Processing.
Electric vehicles: assessment of potential for North Central Region farm operations (1981)

Technical feasibilities of battery-powered electric vehicles for replacing conventional petroleum-powered vehicles were analyzed for the North Central Region. Forty-one farm operations were studied in detail to determine vehicle requirements as functions of tasks and then to estimate the percentages of these tasks which could be performed by specific sizes of electric vehicles. Approximately 50% of tractor petroleum consumption could be replaced with up to a 60 HP electrical tractor. 16 refs.
Lumps and bumps: What not to miss (2022)

The evaluation of pediatric patients with subcutaneous nodules remains a diagnostic challenge. Pediatric dermatologists are regularly confronted with patients who have a nonspecific nodule. Though most masses that require evaluation are ultimately benign, the possibility of a more aggressive process, including borderline or malignant neoplasms, underscores the pivotal role of the pediatric dermatologist in recognizing these lesions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of lumps and bumps that are important to recognize to prevent delay in diagnosis or treatment of a serious underlying condition. Clinical clues that may lead the pediatric dermatologist to have a higher index of suspicion for more aggressive lesions are reviewed. Suggestions for evaluation and workup, as well as tips for the difficult to discern lesion, are proposed.
Once Weekly Azithromycin Therapy for Prevention ofMycobacterium aviumComplex Infection in Patients with AIDS: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Multicenter Trial (1998)

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of azithromycin (1,200 mg once weekly) for the prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in patients with AIDS and a CD4 cell count of < 100/mm3. In an intent-to-treat analysis through the end of therapy plus 30 days, nine (10.6%) of 85 azithromycin recipients and 22 (24.7%) of 89 placebo recipients developed MAC infection (hazard ratio, 0.34; P = .004). There was no difference in the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentrations of either clarithromycin or azithromycin for the five breakthrough (first) MAC isolates from the azithromycin group and the 18 breakthrough MAC isolates from the placebo group. Of the 76 patients who died during the study, four (10.5%) of 38 azithromycin recipients and 12 (31.6%) of 38 placebo recipients had a MAC infection followed by death (P = .025). For deaths due to all causes, there was no difference in time to death or number of deaths between the two groups. Episodes of non-MAC bacterial infection per 100 patient years occurred in 43 azithromycin recipients and 88 placebo recipients (relative risk, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.73). The most common toxic effect noted during the study was gastrointestinal, reported by 78.9% of azithromycin recipients and 27.5% of placebo recipients. Azithromycin given once weekly is safe and effective in preventing disseminated MAC infection, death due to MAC infection, and respiratory tract infections in patients with AIDS and CD4 cell counts of < 100/mm3.
Khurais Central Processing Facility Journey toward Excellence in Energy Efficiency (2016)

Abstract This paper shares Khurais Central Processing Facility success journey in carrying out various energy optimizations as part of the Saudi Aramco operational excellence initiatives that have resulted in significant value creation to the company. It has achieved five years in a row annual reduction in energy intensity index (EII) performance and this is achieved through various energy initiatives that spanned throughout those years following its startup in 2009, and resulted in winning two international awards. The team adopted a systematic approach that unleashed creativity and pragmatic solutions to all identified opportunities. The process started by developing the internal guidelines for the facility Energy management system that is aligned with the corporate targets, and set the baseline for the journey. Identifying opportunities for optimization cannot be done without a monitoring tool, and the team created its in-house performance monitoring tool and deploying it in its day-to-day operations. Generally, the basic frame work of the tool is the comparison of performance between actual and target performance indicators (KPIs). Any deviation of performance from the intended target will be alerted and called for attention. The bigger the gap, then the bigger the opportunity for the engineers to clear this performance gap and realize the benefits. What is unique about Khurais performance monitoring tool lies in the advisory features that guide the improvement efforts effectively. The advisory element provides the plant personnel with the required actions for carrying out the improvement work. In addition, the monitoring tool incorporates features of prioritizing improvement efforts to help them focus on key efforts. And only recently, Khurais is awarded a US patent for its unique performance tool. The monitoring tool and close follow up resulted in generating major initiatives that leverage internal facility capabilities, by clearly exploiting low hanging fruit initiatives that require in many cases low capital investment. Such initiatives include; maximizing the oil train capacity so that any lower train load is shut down and hence minimizing power consumption; maximizing heat recovery steam generation utilization to minimize dependence on auxiliary boilers; and focusing on major equipment (compressors) efficiency enhancement by reducing the recycling while maintaining a reasonable safety margin. After implementing such initiatives, sustaining the benefits prove to be the greatest challenge, and again Khurais utilized its monitoring tool to do so. These initiatives and monitoring led to encouraging results, where from 2010 to 2015, the facility has improved its energy efficiency by 15%. As part of the continuous improvement journey, KhPD is exploring opportunities for deploying proven energy efficiency technologies, such as LED lightings and absorption chillers that will exploit any waste heat available in our facility.
Peri-Implant Tissue Findings in Bone Grafted Oral Cancer Patients Compared to non Bone Grafted Patients without Oral Cancer (2011)

The aim of this study was to compare microbiological, histological, and mechanical findings from tissues around osseointergrated dental implants in patients who had undergone tumour resection and subsequent bone grafting with non bone grafted patients without a history of oral cancer and to develop an effective tool for the monitoring of the peri-implant tissues. A third aim was to assess and compare the masticatory function of the two patient groups after reconstruction with dental implants.
ACL Injury and Surgical Treatment Options (2011)

AbstractThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been the focus of a substantial amount of research. Thousands of studies have evaluated the structure and function of the intact ACL, as well as the best reconstuction techniques. Despite the amount of literature, many controversies remain regarding the ACL and its surgical reconstruction. This article reviews the anatomy and function of the native ACL, the nature of injury, and aspects of ACL reconstruction, including surgical approach, tunnel positioning, graft choice, and graft fixation.Keywords: anterior cruciate ligamentinjuryreconstructionsurgery
Assessing the Terminal Glycosylation of a Glycoprotein by the Naked Eye (2007)

Ein rotes Signal: Bei der Behandlung eines Glycoproteins mit β-Galactosidase wird endständige Galactose (Gal) freigesetzt, die von hydroxylaminierten Glaskügelchen eingefangen wird. Das neuartige rot fluoreszierende Reagens TMR-B bindet an immobilisiertes Gal, was zu einer hellroten Farbe der Kügelchen führt, wobei die Farbintensität proportional zur Gal-Menge ist. Gln: GlcNAc, M: Man, SA: Sialinsäure, TMR: Tetramethylrhodamin. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604936_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Organophosphorus Hydrolase (OpdB) of Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 from Kimchi Is Able To Degrade Organophosphorus Pesticides (2010)

Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 that is capable of biodegrading chlorpyrifos was isolated from kimchi. The opdB gene cloned from this strain revealed 825 bp, encoding 274 aa, and an enzyme molecular weight of about 27 kDa. OpdB contains the same Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif found in most bacterial and eukaryotic esterase, lipase, and serine hydrolases, yet it is a novel member of the GDSVG family of esterolytic enzymes. Its conserved serine residue, Ser82, is significantly involved with enzyme activity that may have application for removing some pesticides. Optimum organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) activity appeared at pH 6.0 and 35 degrees C and during degradation of chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, methylparathion, and parathion.
Anticoagulant Activity of β2-Glycoprotein I Is Potentiated by a Distinct Subgroup of Anticardiolipin Antibodies (1992)

Plasmas of 16 patients positive for both IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies were subjected to adsorption with liposomes containing cardiolipin. In 5 of these plasmas both the anticardiolipin and the anticoagulant activities were co-sedimented with the liposomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the remaining cases only the anticardiolipin activity could be removed by the liposomes, leaving the anticoagulant activity (LA) in the supernatant plasma. aCL antibodies purified from the first 5 plasmas were defined as aCL-type A, while the term aCL-type B was used for antibodies in the other 11 plasmas, from which 2 were selected for this study. Prolongation of the dRVVT was produced by affinity-purified aCL-type A antibodies in plasma of human as well as animal (bovine, rat and goat) origin. aCL-type B antibodies were found to be devoid of anticoagulant activity, while the corresponding supernatants containing LA IgG produced prolongation of the dRVVT only in human plasma. These anticoagulant activities of aCL-type A and of LA IgG's were subsequently evaluated in human plasma depleted of beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI), a protein which was previously shown to be essential in the binding of aCL antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Prolongation of the dRVVT by aCL-type A antibodies was abolished using beta 2-GPI deficient plasma, but could be restored upon addition of beta 2-GPI. In contrast, LA IgG caused prolongation of the dRVVT irrespective of the presence or absence of beta 2-GPI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The non-templated empty cavity and its selective anion binding despite having similar shapes (2003)

An inorganic tennis ball with an empty cavity was formed without any assistance of guest molecules, and found to bind various anions selectively depending on their size and copper-anion interaction strengths without much change of the shapes.
Single and Pairwise Motion of Particles near an Ideally Polarizable Electrode (2011)

Single-particle longitudinal motion and pairwise lateral motion was investigated while the particles were excited by an oscillating electric field directed normally to an electrode proximate to the particles. The electrode was polarized over a range of potential insufficient to drive electrochemical reactions, a range called the "ideally polarizable region". The particles' motion was qualitatively dependent on the choice of electrolyte despite the absence of electrochemical reactions. As when electrochemical reactions were not explicitly excluded, the phase angle θ between particle height and electric field correlated with the particles' separation or aggregation during excitation. A simple harmonic oscillator model of the particles' response, including colloidal and hydrodynamic forces and including the Basset force not previously cited in this context, showed how θ can increase from 0° at low frequencies, cross 90° at ∼100 Hz, and then increase to 180° as frequency was increased. The model captured the essence of experimental observations discussed here and in earlier works. This is the first a priori prediction of θ for this problem.