gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Query term expansion based on paragraphs of the relevant documents (1997)

Leukocytes and platelets, freshly isolated from normal human blood, were tested cytochemically for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) by a modified Wachstein-Meisel method. The enzyme was present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and perinuclear cisternae of all five types of leukocytes and in the ER of platelets. The reaction product from the cytochemical test distinguished the ER from other intracellular membrane-limited cisternae (i.e., the smooth pinocytic tubules of monocytes and the surface-connected canalicular system of platelets) and thus is a valuable marker of the ER. The cytochemical test also showed that the ER of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), usually obscured by abundant granules in cells prepared for morphological examination, is more extensive than formerly appreciated. This is the first demonstration of G-6-Pase in human leukocytes. Its precise role in leukocyte metabolism can now be investigated.
Supplementary Table 4, Figure 8 from An NQO1 Substrate with Potent Antitumor Activity That Selectively Kills by PARP1-Induced Programmed Necrosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 7.1MB, Pharmacokinetics and metabolic stability of DNQ and �-lap in liver extracts. Supplemental Table 4. Table summarizing data in Supplemental Figure 8.&lt;/p&gt;
FY96-98 Summary Report Mercury: Next Generation Laser for High Energy Density Physics SI-014 (2000)

The scope of the Mercury Laser project encompasses the research, development, and engineering required to build a new generation of diode-pumped solid-state lasers for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). The Mercury Laser will be the first integrated demonstration of laser diodes, crystals, and gas cooling within a scalable laser architecture. This report is intended to summarize the progress accomplished during the first three years of the project. Due to the technological challenges associated with production of 900 nm diode-bars, heatsinks, and high optical-quality Yb:S-FAP crystals, the initial focus of the project was primarily centered on the R&D in these three areas. During the third year of the project, the R&D continued in parallel with the development of computer codes, partial activation of the laser, component testing, and code validation where appropriate.
Single-Inductor Dual-Output Buck–Boost Power Factor Correction Converter (2014)

A single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) buck-boost power factor correction (PFC) converter operating in critical conduction mode is proposed in this paper. By multiplexing a single inductor, each output of the SIDO buck-boost converter can be regulated independently. Compared with a conventional two-stage multiple-output converter, the SIDO buck-boost PFC converter benefits from significant overall cost saving, small size, and light weight. Moreover, the efficiency of the SIDO buck-boost PFC converter can be improved due to single-stage power conversion. The control strategy and characteristics of the proposed converter are analyzed. The efficiency, power factor, total harmonic distortion, and output accuracy are verified using the experimental results.
Radial basis function neural network as predictive process control model (2002)

This is an experimental study to compare the performance of the widespread backpropagation network (BP) to the performance of a radial basis function (RBF) and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) for potential use as on-line process models. Criteria for network comparison include generalization ability to unseen data, robustness to process shifts, performance with sparse training data, and computational demands.
Demonstration of 20 nm half-pitch spatial resolution with soft x-ray microscopy (2003)

The full field, transmission soft x-ray microscope XM-1 is a valuable imaging instrument for many scientific and technological areas involving nanometer features. Operating from 300 to 1800 eV, it combines high spatial resolution, elemental discrimination, magnetic sensitivity, and a capability of imaging in various experimental conditions, such as with applied magnetic fields and electric currents. In this article, we report experiments that enable accurate spatial resolution measurement, using a new type of test pattern, made from thinned multilayer coatings. The resolution of the microscope was measured to be 20 nm, using this method.
In-situ thermal assist recovery thanks to active silicide source on NMOS transistor in FD-SOI technology (2019)

Preliminary results are reported on new in-situ thermal assist recovery device and demonstrated in 28 nm FD-SOI CMOS technology. This approach consists in functionalizing the source of an MOS transistor and perform a recovery of device thermal performances. We demonstrate that it is possible to heat the device by the current at the source contacts. This paper reports the thermal resistor calibration on source and gate for the recovery of low and high VT NMOS devices with thin and thick high k metal gate oxide. 3D TCAD electro-thermal simulations assess the concept and electrical results. We have successfully reproduced the responses on a wide range of samples at wafer level by electrical sweep in the 100 ns range into sources contacts. The local temperature change effect was evaluated from room temperature up to + 500°C (measured and simulated). Finally, this first study opens the door on other solutions. It could be applied on other technology node.
On achieving high accuracy and reliability in the calculation of relative protein–ligand binding affinities (2012)

We apply a free energy perturbation simulation method, free energy perturbation/replica exchange with solute tempering, to two modifications of protein-ligand complexes that lead to significant conformational changes, the first in the protein and the second in the ligand. The approach is shown to facilitate sampling in these challenging cases where high free energy barriers separate the initial and final conformations and leads to superior convergence of the free energy as demonstrated both by consistency of the results (independence from the starting conformation) and agreement with experimental binding affinity data. The second case, consisting of two neutral thrombin ligands that are taken from a recent medicinal chemistry program for this interesting pharmaceutical target, is of particular significance in that it demonstrates that good results can be obtained for large, complex ligands, as opposed to relatively simple model systems. To achieve quantitative agreement with experiment in the thrombin case, a next generation force field, Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations 2.0, is required, which provides superior charges and torsional parameters as compared to earlier alternatives.
Generative Compositional Augmentations for Scene Graph Prediction (2020)

Inferring objects and their relationships from an image in the form of a scene graph is useful in many applications at the intersection of vision and language. We consider a challenging problem of compositional generalization that emerges in this task due to a long tail data distribution. Current scene graph generation models are trained on a tiny fraction of the distribution corresponding to the most frequent compositions, e.g. . However, test images might contain zero- and few-shot compositions of objects and relationships, e.g. . Despite each of the object categories and the predicate (e.g. 'on') being frequent in the training data, the models often fail to properly understand such unseen or rare compositions. To improve generalization, it is natural to attempt increasing the diversity of the training distribution. However, in the graph domain this is non-trivial. To that end, we propose a method to synthesize rare yet plausible scene graphs by perturbing real ones. We then propose and empirically study a model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) that allows us to generate visual features of perturbed scene graphs and learn from them in a joint fashion. When evaluated on the Visual Genome dataset, our approach yields marginal, but consistent improvements in zero- and few-shot metrics. We analyze the limitations of our approach indicating promising directions for future research.
Effect of Bulky Substituents in the Polymer Backbone on the Properties of Polyimide Aerogels (2017)

With unique advantages over inorganic aerogels including higher strengths and compressive moduli, greater toughness, and the ability to be fabricated as a flexible thin film, polymer aerogels have the potential to supplant inorganic aerogels in numerous applications. Among polymer aerogels, polyimide aerogels possess a high degree of high thermal stability as well as outstanding mechanical properties. However, while the onset of thermal decomposition for these materials is typically very high (greater than 500 °C), the polyimide aerogels undergo dramatic thermally induced shrinkage at temperatures well below their glass transition (T<sub>g</sub>) or decomposition temperature, which limits their use. In this study, we show that shrinkage is reduced when a bulky moiety is incorporated in the polymer backbone. Twenty different formulations of polyimide aerogels were synthesized from 3,3,'4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4'-oxidianiline (ODA) or a combination of ODA and 9,9'-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAPF) and cross-linked with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (BTC) in a statistically designed study. The polymer concentration, n-value, and molar concentration of ODA and BAPF were varied to demonstrate the effect of these variables on certain properties. Samples containing BAPF showed a reduction in shrinkage by as much as 50% after aging at elevated temperatures for 500 h compared to those made with ODA alone.
173. Some catalysed gas-phase reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons. Part I. The interaction of benzene with methyl ether (1947)

P. H. Given and D. Ll. Hammick, J. Chem. Soc., 1947, 928 DOI: 10.1039/JR9470000928
Synthese und Reaktionen von Phosphonio-acetyl-Peptiden und ihren Yliden / Synthesis and Reactions of Phosphonio-acetyl Peptides and Ylides (1979)

Triphenylphosphonio-acetyl-(Tpa)-amino acids (5) and peptide esters (6) are prepared from the corresponding monpchloro acetyl derivatives (3) and (4). Alternatively the Tpa- amino acids (5) may be obtained by treatment of the N-silyl amino acid silylesters with the triphenylphosphonio-acetic acid phenylester (7) or the corresponding ylide (8). Tpa- amino acids prepared in this manner may be used for peptide condensation. The Tpa- group is acid-stable. In aprotic media the ylides of the Tpa-dipeptide esters (13) are formed on treatment with strong bases, and are converted in the course of the Wittig- olefination to the substituted acrylo peptide esters 15. The trans o-nitro-cinnamoyl moiety may be cleaved from the amino function of the peptide esters as 3,4-dihydro-a- quinolone via catalytic hydrogenation.
Expression of mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes and pathways in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer survivors (2018)

This study is the first to provide molecular evidence that a number of mitochondrial dysfunction mechanisms identified in preclinical models of various types of neuropathic pain including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are found in breast cancer survivors with persistent PIPN and suggest genes for validation and as potential therapeutic targets.
Transplacental Passage of Metal Ions in Women with Hip Resurfacing: No Teratogenic Effects Observed (2012)

Over recent years, hip resurfacing has been performed in young, active patients, including women in their child bearing years. Current work investigating the transplacental passage of metal ions (cobalt and chromium) suggests significant passage of ions across the placenta in mothers with metal on metal hip resurfacing. In vitro studies show that cobalt and chromium can create DNA and chromosome damage in human cells. The consequences of this ion transfer on the child during fetal development and thereafter have not been fully quantified. We report on 3 patients with metal on metal hip resurfacings who had the prosthesis in situ during pregnancy. Our data show that umbilical cord blood chromium levels are under a quarter of the maternal serum levels. Cord blood cobalt levels are approximately half that of maternal blood. All 3 children are healthy. Although there was transplacental passage of ions, there was no significant effect on the child in these cases. We did not show any teratogenic effect of metal ions on the child, and this is consistent with the reported literature.
Combined Effect of Inflammatory Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in a Prospective Cohort of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: A Go-DARTS Study (2010)

This large prospective cohort study provides evidence that SNPs of genes encoding prototypical inflammatory molecules may be used to create multigenic models that predict stroke risk in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
166Ho-microsphere liver radiotherapy (1994)

Liver metastases cause the majority of deaths from colorectal cancer and response to chemotherapy is poor. Intrahepatic arterial 90Y-microspheres may induce tumour regression but the beta-radiation dose is variable and cannot be determined in patients. The 81 keV gamma emission of holmium-166 (166Ho) was used to determine, by single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging, the beta-radiation absorbed dose to normal liver in pigs following intrahepatic arterial administration of 166Ho-microspheres. The SPECT system was calibrated with anthropomorphic liver phantoms containing known activity concentrations of 166Ho-chloride. The relationship of SPECT counts to phantom activity concentration was linear with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.996. The SPECT pattern of liver distribution following successive administrations of tracer activities of 166Ho-microspheres was similar. The ratio of initial to total SPECT estimates of mean activity concentration in regions of interest, from which anatomically matched biopsy samples were later obtained and counted in an ionization chamber, showed good correlation (r = 0.924). Prospective SPECT dosimetry performed on a tracer activity of 166Ho-microspheres predicted the total administered activity required to deliver a prescribed radiation absorbed dose of 25 Gy to the liver within an error of +/- 8%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of prospective control of the absorbed radiation dose to the critical normal organ by SPECT dosimetry on a tracer dose of 166Ho-microspheres prior to administration of a therapy dose.
Chromosomal defects track tumor subpopulations and change in progression in oligodendroglioma (2015)

To assess karyotypic changes and tumor subpopulations in progression of oligodendroglioma (ODG) we analyzed histologically diagnosed 1p/19q codeleted cases using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray data. We separated cases according to grade, which was assigned blind to karyotype information beyond 1p/19q status. The 51 WHO grade II (O2) and 18 WHO grade III (O3) specimens showed frequent chromosomal locations and patterns of change including loss of heterozygosity (LOH), often copy-neutral, on 9p and LOH on 4p and 4q together. Analysis of co-occurrence indicated that most defects were independent but also suggested increased likelihood of defects on 11q, 13q, and 14q in the presence of defects on 18, 4, and 9, respectively. We used the relative degree of change in B-allele frequency as an indicator of an abnormality's extent, and we present simulated data to clarify how information on subpopulations was thus inferred. Among 9p defects, 89.3% involved the whole tumor, whereas only 47.6% of 4q defects did so. We modeled extent through the tumor as due to a karyotypic change's likelihood of occurring and the fitness it confers on its subpopulation, and used group data to estimate these values. To assess progression directly, we evaluated specimens from six patients who underwent multiple resections since 1996. Four of these patients had received no chemotherapy or radiation, permitting assessment of the natural history of the tumor karyotype <i>in situ.</i> Defects present throughout a tumor at first resection remained so, whereas among subpopulations, some expanded, some remained constant, and some disappeared. The rate of expansion among subpopulations that did so was not uniform, and estimates of fitness predicted subpopulation composition at recurrence. These results extend prior studies of increased karyotypic abnormality in progression of oligodendroglioma and reveal the complex dynamics of subpopulations in the tumor over time.
A combination of piecewise harmonic balance technique and neural network for analyzing active antenna (2002)

Active antenna which offers much potential as useful circuits for future applications are a newly developing area. Several methods for analysing active antennas are presented. The first method relies on the FDTD technique. In this approach the time domain model of active devices is introduced into the FDTD frame. The large signal characteristics of active devices and the behaviour of antennas are both taken into account. This is considered to be the most rigorous method. This paper presents a simple method for analysing active antennas. The method is based on the piecewise harmonic balance technique. A neural network is used to speed up the optimization by replacing repeated circuit simulation. Therefore, the new approach is much faster than the traditional optimization technique. Compared with the data obtained from FDTD, the results also agree well.
Tuneable spheroidal hydrogel particles for cell and drug encapsulation (2018)

The need to better mimic native tissues has accompanied research in tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery. The development of new platforms for cell and drug encapsulation followed the same trend, and studying the influence of the delivery material system's geometry has been gaining momentum. Aiming to investigate how an increase in surface area and varying particle shape could impact drug release and cell viability, a novel method was developed to produce spheroidal hydrogel particles with adjustable circularity, aiming to tune drug delivery. For this purpose, droplets of hydrogel precursor were squeezed between two superamphiphobic surfaces separated with spacers with different height, and then photo-crosslinked to maintain the acquired shape after "de-sandwiching". Numerical modelling studies were performed to study the polymeric droplet geometry deformation process, which were consistent with experimentally obtained results. The spheroidal particles were produced under mild conditions using methacrylated chitosan, capable of encapsulating proteins or cells. Likely due to their higher surface area to volume-ratio, compared to spherical-shaped ones, spheroids presented an improved viability of encapsulated cells due to enhanced nutrient diffusion to the core, and led to a significantly faster drug release rate from the polymer network. These results were also assessed numerically, in which the drug release rate was computed for different spheroidal-like geometries. Hence, the described method can be used to manufacture spheroidal particles with tailored geometry that can be broadly applied in the biomedical field, including for drug delivery or as cell encapsulation platforms.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of Predictive Markers of Response to the MEK1/2 Inhibitor Selumetinib (AZD6244) in K-<i>ras</i>–Mutated Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of Predictive Markers of Response to the MEK1/2 Inhibitor Selumetinib (AZD6244) in K-&lt;i&gt;ras&lt;/i&gt;–Mutated Colorectal Cancer
Survival of MASE strains under different aspects of simulated Martian conditions (2017)

During the project MASE (Mars Analogues for Space Exploration) several microbial isolates were obtained and some of these strains were subjected to Mars relevant environmental stress factors in the laboratory under controlled conditions; e.g. radiation, low water activity, high salt concentrations, oxidizing compounds. All sampling, isolation, and cultivation steps, as well as the stress tests were performed under anoxic conditions. So far, five only distantly related microorganisms are under detailed investigation: \textit{Buttiauxella} sp. MASE-IM-7, \textit{Clostridium} sp. MASE-IM-4, \textit{Halanaerobium} sp. MASE-BB-1, \textit{Trichococcus} sp. MASE-IM-5, and \textit{Yersinia} sp. MASE-LG-1. It was shown that tolerance to desiccation and to ionizing radiation, applied separately was not correlated. If desiccation and exposure to radiation was applied together typical additive effects could be observed in each species. The survival after addition of oxidizing compounds (hydrogen peroxide; perchlorates) for a dedicated time (15 minutes; 24 hours) was very divers. If the five microorganisms were compared with each other, \textit{Trichococcus} sp. MASE-IM-5 was the most sensitive strain and survived only 10 mM hydrogen peroxide for 15 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. The most tolerant organism was \textit{Halanaerobium} sp. MASE-BB-1 which was able to survive 100 mM hydrogen peroxide for both tested time points. In between, the other Bacteria were arranged with different tolerances against hydrogen peroxide. Comparable, species specific results were obtained after the addition of different perchlorates. In general, the strategy of the MASE project has proven to be useful to gain new model microorganisms. The isolated and characterized MASE strains have so far unknown high tolerances against cell damaging treatments and may serve as model organisms for future space exposure experiments.
The prognostic significance of CD45 expression by clonal bone marrow plasma cells in multiple myeloma. (2015)

8577 Background: Evaluation of clonal plasma cells (cPCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts) reveals two distinct cPC populations based on CD45 expression, i.e. CD45- and CD45+. We explored the prognostic significance of CD45 expression by cPCs in the BM of MM pts using flow cytometry. Methods: All MM pts seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester from 2009 to 2011 who had BM PCs evaluated by flow cytometry were included. For flow cytometry, a 6-color method was used with each sample stained with antibodies to CD45, CD19, CD38, CD138 and cytoplasmic Kappa and Lambda Ig light chains. Samples where > 20% of the cPCs detected expressed CD45 were classified as CD45+ and the rest were CD45-. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and differences assessed using the log rank test. Results: There were 604 consecutive MM pts who had their BM PCs evaluated by flow cytometry. Of these pts, 156 were newly diagnosed and 448 were previously treated with systemic therapy. Among newly diagnosed pts, the median follow up was 42 mos and 41 pts (27%) had high risk disease by FISH. The median time to next therapy (TTNT) for pts in the CD45+ group was 12 mos (n = 26, 17%) versus 29 mos for pts in the CD45- group (n = 130, 83%) (P = 0.002). The median overall survival (OS) for pts in the CD45+ group was 23 mos versus not reached for the CD45- group (P < 0.001). Among previously treated pts, the median follow up was 44 mos and 45% had a prior ASCT. There were 240 previously treated pts that were actively relapsing at the time of their bone marrow analysis. The median OS for actively relapsing pts classified as CD45+ was 11 mos (n = 61, 14%) versus 29 mos (n = 386, 86%) for CD45- (P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, CD45+ status and PCLI > 3 were independent predictors of worse OS among the newly diagnosed and actively relapsing pts. Increasing age and elevated LDH were independent predictors of worse OS in newly diagnosed and actively relapsing pts, respectively. Conclusions: The presence of > 20% cPCs in the BM expressing CD45 appears to bear negative prognostic value in newly diagnosed and actively relapsing MM pts. This may be a surrogate for a more aggressive phenotype of MM.