gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corneal graft failure: an update (2020)

Corneal graft surgery is one of the most successful forms of human solid-tissue transplantation, and nowadays, there is a worldwide expansion of the surgical volume of corneal grafts. This surgery is continuously evolving, with new surgical techniques and postoperative treatments that have considerably increased the chance of survival for the grafts. Despite the high rate of success, corneal transplantation is still complicated by a relevant risk of graft failure. This study investigates the causes that lead to the failure of the different corneal graft surgical techniques and provides an updated synthesis on this topic. A comprehensive review of the main pathological pathways that determine the failure of corneal grafts is provided, analysing the main risk factors and disclosing the survival rates of the principal form of corneal grafts. Our results revealed that penetrating keratoplasty has higher failure rates than lamellar keratoplasty, with immunological rejection being the leading cause of graft failure, followed by late endothelial failure (LEF) and ocular surface disorders. Postoperative glaucoma and dehiscence of the surgical wound represent other important causes of failure. Endothelial keratoplasty showed the lowest rates of failure in the mid-term, with LEF, detachment of the graft and primary graft failure representing the most common pathological reasons for failure.
Kinetics of voiding and agglomeration of copper nanolayers on silica (2005)

We report the kinetics of annealing-induced dewetting of sub-$60\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thick Cu films on silicon dioxide based upon in situ electrical resistance, ex situ scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Cu films become discontinuous upon annealing between $\ensuremath{\sim}300$ and $600\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ through void nucleation and island formation. Films dewet via two kinetically limiting sequential processes: void nucleation by grain boundary grooving (activation energy ${E}_{a}=1.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$) followed by void growth and islanding through surface diffusion of Cu at the $\mathrm{Cu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface, i.e., surface spreading, (activation energy ${E}_{a}=0.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). The kinetic pathway for dewetting is film-thickness dependent. For film thinner than $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, complete dewetting occurs between 300 and $450\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ and is limited by surface diffusion of Cu at the $\mathrm{Cu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface, while for thicker films $(&gt;20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ dewetting is governed solely by grain boundary grooving. This thickness-dependent dewetting is described by a phenomenological model validated by the evolution of mean roughness and lateral correlation length of the Cu surface. This work provides a framework for evaluating the morphological stability on ultrathin metal films on dielectric materials, in particular those being considered for use in micro- and nanodevice structures.
An Improved Approach for Estimating the Hyperparameters of the Kriging Model for High-Dimensional Problems through the Partial Least Squares Method (2016)

During the last years, kriging has become one of the most popular methods in computer simulation and machine learning. Kriging models have been successfully used in many engineering applications, to approximate expensive simulation models. When many input variables are used, kriging is inefficient mainly due to an exorbitant computational time required during its construction. To handle high-dimensional problems (100+), one method is recently proposed that combines kriging with the Partial Least Squares technique, the so-called KPLS model. This method has shown interesting results in terms of saving CPU time required to build model while maintaining sufficient accuracy, on both academic and industrial problems. However, KPLS has provided a poor accuracy compared to conventional kriging on multimodal functions. To handle this issue, this paper proposes adding a new step during the construction of KPLS to improve its accuracy for multimodal functions. When the exponential covariance functions are used, this step is based on simple identification between the covariance function of KPLS and kriging. The developed method is validated especially by using a multimodal academic function, known as Griewank function in the literature, and we show the gain in terms of accuracy and computer time by comparing with KPLS and kriging.
Cendres volantes issues de l’incinération des déchets solides d’une papeterie: Caractérisation, lixiviation et valorisation (2001)

In Safripac, the use of waste paper as raw material to make paper produce important quantity of solid waste. The issues of solid waste in the paper industry has become not only an environmental concern, but also an economic one for many industries. In many cases incineration is the method to be preferred for the disposal of solid waste, and interest in this method is expected to increase. Ashes are unavoidable inorganic residues from incineration. Fresh ash from solid waste may contain up to 20 % lime (CaO). A rather natural may to dispose of these ashes is to use them as a complete or partial substitute for lime in construction materials. The incorporation of ashes allows: to decrease the quantity of mixing water, to increase the homogeneity and the compactness of the concrete and to improve its installation. These ashes acting by their smoothness, their form, their surface quality and their low density, improve the mechanical resistances of the concretes. À la Safripac (Société africaine de financement et de réalisation industrielle des papiers et cartons), l’utilisation des vieux papiers comme matière première pour fabriquer du papier engendre des quantités importantes de déchets solides. L’incinération de ces déchets semble être la filière de traitement qui répond le mieux aux critères de réduction de volume et d’hygiènisation, puisque les déchets sont complètement minéralisés. La caractérisation générale des cendres volantes issues de l’incinération des déchets solides étudiés, a permis leur insertion dans l’industrie de matériaux de construction. L’incorporation des cendres permet : de diminuer la quantité d’eau de gâchage, d’augmenter l’homogénéité et la compacité du béton et d’améliorer sa mise en place. Ces cendres agissant par leur finesse, leur forme, leur état de surface et leur faible masse volumique, améliorent les résistances mécaniques des bétons.
Path Planning and Tracking Control for Automatic Driving Obstacle Avoidance (2019)

This paper studies the path planning and tracking control of obstacle avoidance lane change in intelligent auto driving. Firstly, the vehicle two-degree-of-freedom model of front wheel steering is established by the knowledge of automobile kinematics and dynamics. Secondly, the trajectory planning is realized by the fifth-order polynomial curve fitting method. Then the linear time-varying model predictive control method is used to realize the tracking control of the trajectory. Finally, MATLAB simulation is used to verify the feasibility of the above ideas. The experimental results show that the fifth-order polynomial can quickly and accurately fit the ideal curve; the model predictive control can also stably control the car to follow the prescribed path.
Effects of Nonpharmacological Intervention on Insulin Sensitivity (1992)

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance have been implicated to play a role in the development of hypertension and to contribute to the increased risk for cardiovascular disease in diabetic, obese, hypertensive, and normotensive salt-sensitive humans. Reviewed herein are the effects of nonpharmacological measures, including exercise, weight loss, diet, and changes in lifestyle, on insulin resistance. Based on the evidence from both experimental and clinical studies, regular exercise, moderate weight reduction, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet can markedly improve insulin sensitivity. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Because these nonpharmacological measures have also been shown to lower blood pressure and correct dyslipidemia, they can contribute substantially to the reduction of major cardiovascular risk factors and should be implemented in all patients who may be at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Slip classification for dynamic tactile array sensors (2015)

The manipulation of objects held in a robotic hand or gripper is accompanied by events such as making and breaking contact and slippage, between the fingertips and the grasped object and between the grasped object and external surfaces. Humans can distinguish among such events, in part, because they excite the various mechanoreceptors in the hands differently. As part of an effort to provide robots with a similar capability, we propose two features that can be extracted from dynamic tactile array data and used to discriminate between hand/object and object/world slips. Both features rely on examining how slippage affects an array of dynamic tactile sensors compared with the way it affects individual elements of the array. In comparison with approaches that require extensive training with particular combinations of objects and skin, the features work for a wide range of frequencies and grasp conditions. The performance and generalizability of the features are verified with testing on three different kinds of sensors and for a range of object textures, grasp forces and slip conditions. Both features demonstrate greater than 85% accuracy in identifying the location of slip.
Heterocyclic Analogs of DNA Minor Groove Alkylating Agents (1970)

It is generally accepted that neoplastic transformation is related to genes alteration or oncogene activation. In particular, DNA minor groove binding drugs have been extensively studied through the years in order to influence the regulation of gene expression by means of specific interactions with DNA bases moieties. Pyrrolo[2,1-c],[1,4].benzodiazepines (PBDs), CC-1065 and distamycins are three classes of minor groove binders which showed interesting cytotoxicity profiles, refined through already reviewed processes of SAR studies. Among the modifications to the three families of antitumor compounds, heterocyclic substitutions have been extensively applied by many groups in order to either modify the reactivity profile or introduce extra interactions within the minor groove, thus changing the binding site or modulating the binding sequence. The updated material related to these modifications has been rationalised and ordered to offer an overview of the argument.
Are Outcomes of Bimalleolar Fractures Poorer Than Those of Lateral Malleolar Fractures with Medial Ligamentous Injury? (2007)

Background: Recommendations for surgical treatment and expected outcomes differ for two unstable patterns of supination-external rotation ankle injuries. We compared the demographic characteristics and functional outcome following surgical stabilization between the two types of supination-external rotation type-4 fractures: distal fibular fracture with a deltoid ligament rupture and bimalleolar fracture. Methods: Demographic data on 456 patients in whom an unstable fracture of the ankle was treated surgically were entered into a database and the patients were prospectively followed. Two hundred and sixty-six of these patients sustained either a bimalleolar fracture or a lateral malleolar fracture with insufficiency of the deltoid ligament and widening of the medial clear space. No medial fixation was used in the patients with a deltoid ligament injury. All patients followed a similar postoperative protocol. The patients were followed clinically and radiographically at three, six, and twelve months after the surgery. Function was assessed with the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score. Results: Bimalleolar fractures were more commonly seen in female patients, in those older than sixty years of age, and in patients with more comorbidities. There was no significant association between the fracture pattern and either diabetes or the length of the hospital stay. At a minimum of one year postoperatively, the patients with a bimalleolar fracture had significantly worse function, even after we controlled for all other variables. The overall complication rate, including elective hardware removal, was also higher in the group with a bimalleolar fracture (seventeen compared with nine patients). Conclusions: At one year after surgical stabilization of an unstable ankle fracture, most patients experience little or mild pain and have few restrictions in functional activities. However, the functional outcome for those with a bimalleolar fracture is worse than that for those with a lateral malleolar fracture and disruption of the deltoid ligament, possibly because of the injury pattern and the energy expended. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A free-space method for measurement of dielectric constants and loss tangents at microwave frequencies (1989)

For measurements of dielectric properties of planar slabs of ceramic and composite materials, the authors have developed a free-space measurement system in the frequency range of 14.5-17.5 GHz. The key components of the measurement system are a pair of spot-focusing horn lens antennas, a network analyzer, and a computer. Because of the far-field focusing ability of horn lens antennas, the free-space measurements can be made at microwave frequencies in a relatively compact and simple measurement setup. The time-domain gating feature of the network analyzer and the thru, reflect, and line calibration technique were used to eliminate the effects of undesirable multiple reflections. The dielectric constants and loss tangents were measured for standard materials such as fused quartz, Teflon, and polyvinylchloride (PVC). Dielectric properties for Teflon and PVC were also measured in a waveguide medium for purposes of comparison with the free-space method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performing an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (2016)

An anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is one of the most common procedures performed in spine surgery. It allows for a direct decompression of the spinal cord and the neural foramen. When performed properly, the results of this procedure are some of the best in spine surgery.
Bidirectional chain-termination nucleotide sequencing: transposon Tn5seq1 as a mobile source of primer sites (1988)

The sequencing of large DNA fragments by the chain-termination method [Sanger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74 (1977) 5463-5467] has generally required extensive manipulations to bring all parts of the fragment near a specific primer-binding site, or the repeated synthesis of new oligodeoxynucleotide primers. Here we develop a more efficient approach, the use of a transposable element to insert primer binding sites at random in the DNA of interest. We constructed a Tn5 derivative called Tn5seq1 with unique DNA segments near each end so that oligodeoxynucleotides matching them could serve as primers for sequencing in each direction from any Tn5seq1 insertion site. Our experiments demonstrate the use of Tn5seq1 for sequencing in pBR322 plasmids and also in uncloned DNAs of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The unique segments near the left and right ends of Tn5seq1 are promoters from phages T7 and SP6, respectively, to permit the efficient transcription of adjacent DNAs in vivo or in vitro.
Porous Strontium-Containing Ceramic Granules as Bone Graft Substitutes (2011)

We have synthesized calcium phosphate-based, strontium (Sr) containing, porous ceramic granules for use as bone graft substitutes. The granules with a particle size between 1 and 2 mm and a (macro)-pore size around 200-500µm were mixed with a fibrin sealant to form a moldable composite material. The starting material with Sr contents between 0 and 100% Sr were precipitated from Ca/Sr solutions with appropriate Ca/Sr ratios, and ammonium phosphate solution using a published protocol with slight variations. A selection of the resulting powders was calcined, milled, mixed with urea as porogen and compacted into disks. These disks were fractured to result in raw granules, which were then sintered at high temperature. In preparation for in vivo implantation, the granules were mixed with fibrin sealant (Artiss™, Baxter) to create a cohesive, moldable composite material that can be used as a bone graft substitute.
Desorption of positive oxygen ions induced by keV heavy-ion bombardment of transition metals with adsorbedO2and CO (1989)

We report measurements of ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ secondary-ion emission induced by 25--250-keV ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{+}$ bombardment of oxidized surfaces of Ti, Mo, Nb, W, and Ni, and of Ni and Pd surfaces with adsorbed CO. The yield I(${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$) of ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ from bombardment of oxygen adsorbed onto nickel, as well as the yields of all metal and metal-oxide ions, exhibits behavior similar to the sputtering yields as functions of incident ion energy. By contrast, the yield of ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ from the other oxidized targets increases linearly with projectile velocity v, making dI(${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$)/dv a convenient, velocity-independent parameter with which to characterize the emission. The variation of dI(${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$)/dv with projectile species depends on the substrate. For Ti and, to a lesser extent, Nb, dI(${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$)/dv is independent of projectile species, although for Mo and W dI(${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$)/dv varies with projectile species in a manner similar to the corresponding variation of the electronic stopping power of the projectile. However, the magnitude of the observed ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ yields is not consistent with that expected if the ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ emission is produced by secondary-electron-stimulated desorption. I(${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$) for bombardment of Ni and Pd surfaces with adsorbed CO is not clearly related to either the sputtering yield or the ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ yields from the oxidized targets.
An analysis of subhealth status based on partial least squares (2011)

PLS has certain reference value in establishing subhealth discrimination models. It can also play an important part in item selection of the scale.
Effect of bFGF on HLA-DR expression of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (2013)

There has been a steady rise in the therapeutic applications of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) because of their unique properties of multilineage differentiation and immune modulation as well as the ease in isolation. However, up-regulation of surface HLA-DR levels when maintaining MSCs in culture under the influence of mitotic factors such as Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an area of concern when considering them for the purpose of clinical applications. Thus, we investigated the association of bFGF supplemented to the culture media and the surface expression levels of HLA-DR in BM-MSCs in order to optimize the yield, while keeping HLA-DR levels under permissible levels. Human BM-MSCs were culture expanded in the absence of bFGF and in the presence of 1 ng/ml or 2 ng/ml bFGF. The HLA-DR profile of the cultures was analyzed at the end of each passage. On comparing the percent HLA-DR+ cell population at different concentrations as well as absence of bFGF, significant differences were not observed in the HLA-DR expression levels of the MSC cultures which had reached complete confluence. However, variations in HLA-DR expressions levels were seen which could be traced to the age of cells in culture with values drastically reduced to below 4% on maintaining MSCs typically two to three days beyond achieving full confluence. On the basis of the findings from this study, no significant correlation could be established on the effect of bFGF in modulating HLA-DR surface expression of BM-MSCs. Instead, the data are suggestive of the reasoning that the duration for which BM-MSCs are maintained in culture directly influences their phenotypic characteristics in terms of HLA-DR expression levels, with lowest levels achieved on their prolonged maintenance in culture.
OR11-4 Teprotumumab Markedly Improves Disease-related Quality of Life: Lessons From Two Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trials (2022)

Abstract Background Thyroid eye disease (TED) can result in eye-bulging (proptosis) and double-vision (diplopia) and inflammation, which frequently impacts quality of life (QoL). Teprotumumab, an insulin like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitory antibody, improves TED outcomes and QoL1 as measured by the Graves Ophthalmopathy-Quality of Life (GO-QoL) questionnaire and its appearance (AP) and visual function (VF) subscales. The primary factors driving QoL improvement in TED are unknown; therefore, we examined outcomes associated with improvement as observed in 2 placebo-controlled trials. Methods Data from Phase 2/3 placebo-controlled trials of teprotumumab were examined with a mixed-effect model with change in overall GO-QoL, AP, and VF scores as dependent variables to explain within-patient variability. Independent variables included demographics, visits, treatment, symptoms (Gorman diplopia scores [0-3], proptosis change (mm), spontaneous orbital pain, gaze-evoked orbital pain). Variability between subjects was tested over the 24-week study. Results Teprotumumab treatment significantly correlated with improved overall GO-QoL, VF and AP scores. Improvements in diplopia, proptosis, gaze-evoked and spontaneous orbital pain were associated with those in overall GO-QoL score (coefficient -4.01, -1.00, -31.21 and -4.37, respectively, all p&amp;lt;0.001). Improvements in diplopia scores and spontaneous orbital pain were significantly correlated with higher VF scores (coefficients -5.51 and -6.66, respectively, both p&amp;lt;0.001). Improvements in diplopia and proptosis correlated significantly with higher AP scores (coefficients -2.98, -1.62, both p&amp;lt;0.001). Patients with pain had lower AP scores (coefficient -38.21, p&amp;lt;0.001). Increasing age was positively correlated with higher GO-QoL AP scores (coefficient 0.41, p&amp;lt;0.001), but negatively correlated with GO-QoL VF scores (coefficient -0.29, p&amp;lt;0.001). Variability between subjects was considerable, accounting for &amp;gt;60% of random variance. Conclusions Improvements in diplopia, proptosis, and pain drove improvements in QoL. In older patients, changes in AP impacted QoL to a lesser degree, while reduced VF had a greater negative impact on QoL. References Kahaly et al, Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinol 2021; 9(6): 360-372 Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 11:45 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Virtual design of the neutron guide for the TOF spectrometer NEAT (2010)

We present the results of a virtual design study based on Monte-Carlo neutron ray tracing techniques for the neutron guide of the time of flight (TOF) spectrometer NEAT. We studied several configurations with linearly or elliptically tapered compressors with different degrees of focusing and different guide coatings. The calculations were performed and crosschecked using two software packages which produced similar results. The geometrical arrangement of selected guide components was optimised with the Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm. The results of the Monte Carlo simulations confirm an expected intensity gain factor of approximately 5, that can be achieved by the optimal configuration.