gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Culture of insect cells in helical ribbon impeller bioreactor (1991)

An 11-L helical ribbon impeller (HRI) bioreactor was tested for the culture of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells. This impeller and surface baffling ensured homogeneous mixing and high oxygen transfer through surface aeration and surface-induced babble generation. Serum-supplemented and serum-free cultures, using TNMFH and IPL/41 media, respectively, grew a similar specific growth rates(0.031 and 0.028 h(-1)) to maximum cell densities of 5.5 x 10(6)-6.0 x 10(6) cells. mL(-1) with viability exceeding 98% during exponential growth phase. Growth limitation coincided with glucose and glutamine depletion and production of significant amounts of alanine. The bioreactor was further tested under more stringent conditions by infecting a serum-free medium culture with a recombinant baculovirus. Heterologous protein production of approximately 35 microg per 10(6) cells was comparable to yields obtained in serum-free cultures grown in spinner flasks and petri dishes. Average specific oxygen up-take and carbon dioxide production rates of the serum-free culture prior to infection as measured by on-line mass spectroscopy were 0.20 micromol O(2).(10(6) cells)(-1) h(-1) and 0.22 micromol CO(2) . (10(6) cells)(-1)h(-1) and increased by 30-40% during infection. Therefore, the mixing and oxygenation conditions of this bioreactor were suitable for insect cell culture and recombinant protein production, with limitation being mainly attributed to nutrient depletion and toxic by-product generation.
Development of Laser Welding Methods for Cold-Rolled Thin Foils of Ni<SUB>3</SUB>Al Alloys (2003)

Thin foils of stoichiometric Ni3Al with a minimum thickness of 20 μm were successfully fabricated by heavy cold-rolling without intermediate annealing. These thin foils are promising as lightweight, high-temperature structural materials for honeycomb structures, metal substrates of automobile gas exhaust catalytic systems, and component materials of micro channel chemical reactors. Laser-welding can produce welded parts with low heat distortion, and manufacturing honeycomb structures requires many welded parts. Welding with low heat distortion is achieved by rapid heating and rapid cooling, which are advantages of laser welding. However, a solidification crack can still be generated in a welded part. We therefore developed a hybrid laser-welding process that controls the rapid cooling and thereby prevents solidification cracks from forming. This paper reports the welding conditions for producing 90 μm thick lap welds with a hybrid laser spot-welding process that controls the cooling speed of a laser welded part and prevents solidification cracks from forming.
Dimebon Slows Progression of Proteinopathy in γ-Synuclein Transgenic Mice (2011)

Intermediates and final products of protein aggregation play crucial role in the development of degenerative changes in a number of neurological diseases. Pathological protein aggregation is currently regarded as one of the most promising therapeutic targets for treatment of these diseases. Transgenic mouse models of proteinopathies are an effective tool for screening and validation of compounds, which can selectively affect metabolism of aggregate-prone proteins. In this study, we assessed effects of dimebon, a compound with known neuroprotective properties, on a recently established transgenic mouse model recapitulating key pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as the consequence of neuron-specific overexpression of γ-synuclein. Cohorts of experimental transgenic mice received dimebon in drinking water with this chronic treatment starting either before or after the onset of clinical signs of pathology. We detected statistically significant improvement of motor performance in a rotarod test in both dimebon-treated animal groups, with more pronounced effect in a group that received dimebon from an earlier age. We also revealed substantially reduced number of amyloid inclusions, decreased amount of insoluble γ-synuclein species and a notable amelioration of astrogliosis in the spinal cord of dimebon-treated compared with control transgenic animals. However, dimebon did not prevent the loss of spinal motor neurons in this model. Our results demonstrated that chronic dimebon administration is able to slow down but not halt progression of γ-synucleinopathy and resulting signs of pathology in transgenic animals, suggesting potential therapeutic use of this drug for treatment of this currently incurable disease.
Moving atomic-resolution imaging into the age of deep data (2015)

The current ability of electron microscopy to collect frames in ultra-quick succession allows for the examination of the material structure in a dynamic manner offering unique insights into what determines a material's properties. The ability of computer simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) to predict materials behavior has greatly increased as access to super computers has increased, making running simulations with many different starting conditions possible in a short amount of time. The combination of these two advances in fundamental science has been used on a case by case basis, which does not fully exploit the potential advantages. An approach that combines these advantages in a more general manner, allowing each to build off of the other, is an important step into the future. This can be accomplished through the use of a deep data approach that allows simulations to quickly search and analyze data for starting conditions to simulate theory and for experiments to quickly search completed simulations to pull out the underlying physics.
A combined in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study of the thermal decomposition of ammonium tetrathiotungstate (1999)

The structural changes occurring during the thermal decomposition of ammonium tetrathiotungstate to form amorphous WS 3 and poorly crystalline WS 2 have been studied in situ using combined extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the tungsten L III -edge and X-ray diffraction. Data collected during isothermal decomposition at both 135 and 150 °C show that ammonium tetrathiotungstate decomposes to produce amorphous WS 3 without the formation of any intermediate phases. Decay curves of starting material and growth curves of product derived from both X-ray absorption data and diffraction data show that the two-phase approach to data analysis is appropriate. The fit of various simple kinetic models to the thermal decay curves is tested and it is found that the Prout-Tompkins expression describes the process very well. Heating ammonium tetrathiotungstate from 100 to 350 °C produces first amorphous WS 3 and finally disordered WS 2 , a material of catalytic interest. The EXAFS data of this freshly prepared WS 2 are compared to those of crystalline 2H-WS 2 . Debye-Waller factors are increased and occupation numbers are significantly reduced from those in the crystalline material for all atomic shells. This behaviour is compared to previous results obtained from poorly crystalline molybdenum disulfide and possible structural models suggested to account for the results of the first EXAFS study of the disordered WS 2 .
Phencyclidine/Schizophrenia: One View Toward the Past, The Other to the Future (2012)

The history of the chemical synthesis and animal/human pharmacology of phencyclidine is documented. From its early use as a general anesthetic, chemical model of schizophrenia, and drug of abuse, phencyclidine has had a checkered history. Research with this agent and its chemical derivatives like ketamine have provided a solid foundation for just a beginning to understanding the neuropathology of schizophrenia.
Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of creatine. (1978)

The authors present a design case in which field design sessions are introduced to bridge the designers' imagination and the users' knowledge of the use context. This approach entailed immersing design teams in the environment of the product-to-be during the conceptual design phase. With a background in the Scandinavian tradition of participatory or cooperative design, the design team observed and talked to users, sketched and produced mock-ups, acted out scenarios, and received user feedback during these field trips.\nMoving the design into the field provided the team with a number of advantages compared with traditional work in the design studio based on user field observations. Designers achieved direct physical experience of the circumstances and a nonrepresented, nonabstracted introduction to the problems at hand. Through on-the-spot mock-up design and user collaboration, valuable insights into the essence of work and use were gained, and design suggestions embodied by these mock-ups were put on the line. Being aware or unaware of it, these suggestions contained personal assumptions, and preconceived opinions or hypotheses about use and use context, but also contained suggestions of applied technology. The result was new valuable insights toward an understanding of what work really is (or is not) and how it could be supported (or not supported) in the future.\nIt is argued that, to make the most of augmented reality (AR) in the design of professional tools, knowledge of the state of the art of technology is a prerequisite, but is not in itself sufficient. It needs to be complemented by design approaches that (a) provide insight about the users, their work practice, and use context and (b) support designers in aligning their viewpoints with the viewpoints and experienced reality of the people for whom they are designing. This may form a cornerstone in the successful application of emerging technologies.\nThis article discusses existing human-computer interaction approaches aimed at engaging the field in design, contrasts them with field design sessions, reflects on the advantages of applying them, and draws attention to a number of method points.
Generative type abstraction and type-level computation (2011)

Modular languages support generative type abstraction, ensuring that an abstract type is distinct from its representation, except inside the implementation where the two are synonymous. We show that this well-established feature is in tension with the non-parametric features of newer type systems, such as indexed type families and GADTs. In this paper we solve the problem by using kinds to distinguish between parametric and non-parametric contexts. The result is directly applicable to Haskell, which is rapidly developing support for type-level computation, but the same issues should arise whenever generativity and non-parametric features are combined.
Comparison of Manual and Computer-Controlled Audiometry Using Identical Procedures (1983)

Ten normal-hearing subjects were evaluated with both manual and computer controlled audiometry using the ascending threshold determination method as proposed by ISO. The study shows that the thresholds obtained with the two different techniques correlate well and that standard deviations for the test--retest difference are significantly lower in the computer-controlled situation. The results also indicate that computer-controlled audiometry may be of importance in general clinical applications giving rapid and reliable threshold determination.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Prospective Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Lung Adenocarcinomas for Efficient Patient Matching to Approved and Emerging Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Median number of mutations in samples sequenced by MSK-IMPACT in patients with a Level 1-4 alteration or assigned to the unknown mitogenic driver cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
Transcription Factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 and a GATA Family Cofactor, FOG-2, Are Expressed in Human Ovary and Sex Cord-Derived Ovarian Tumors* (2000)

Previous studies have implicated transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in the regulation of murine ovarian development and function. In rodents, GATA-4 is expressed in granulosa cells of primary and early antral follicles, whereas GATA-6 is expressed in granulosa cells of late antral follicles and luteal glands. Both transcription factors can be detected in lesser amounts in theca cells and interstitial cells. We have now examined the expression of GATA-4 and GATA-6 in human ovaries, human granulosa-luteal (GL) cells and sex cord-derived tumors. We show by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry that GATA-4 and GATA-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) and GATA-4 protein are present in granulosa and theca cells in both preantral and antral follicles. Both human ovarian tissue samples and freshly isolated GL cells derived from preovulatory follicles of gonadotropin-treated women express GATA-4, GATA-6, and FOG-2 transcripts, and GATA-6 mRNA expression in GL cell cultures is stimulated by human CG and 8-bromo-cAMP. The vast majority of granulosa and theca cell tumors examined expressed GATA-4 and GATA-6. We also found that mRNA for FOG-2, a recently discovered regulator of GATA-4, is coexpressed with GATA-4 in human ovary samples, normal granulosa cells, and in sex cord-derived tumors. Our results demonstrate that GATA-4, GATA-6, and FOG-2 are expressed in human ovary and in granulosa and theca cell tumors. Our findings support a role for GATA-binding proteins in human ovarian folliculogenesis. Moreover, these data suggest that GATA factors may contribute to the phenotypes of sex cord-derived ovarian tumors.
Initial Damage to Anode Microstructure Caused by Partial Redox Cycles during Electrochemical Oxidation (2009)

Cell damage caused by redox cycling in which the anode is electrochemically oxidized was investigated in order to detect the initial damage before cell failure. In order to prevent catastrophic destruction of the cell, partial electrochemical oxidation was used in the redox treatment and controlled at a very low degree of oxidation of the anode. As a result, the cell performance degraded because of the partial redox cycles without a decrease in open-circuit voltage, and no mechanical damage was observed in the electrolyte. However, microcracks at the interfaces between ScSZ particles and Ni particles in the anode layer in active cell area were observed. These results indicated that the microcracks in the anode layer were the initial damage caused by partial redox cycles in which the anode was electrochemically oxidized and caused the degradation of the cell performance.
Ammonium and nitrite oxidation at nanomolar oxygen concentrations in oxygen minimum zone waters (2016)

A major percentage of fixed nitrogen (N) loss in the oceans occurs within nitrite-rich oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) via denitrification and anammox. It remains unclear to what extent ammonium and nitrite oxidation co-occur, either supplying or competing for substrates involved in nitrogen loss in the OMZ core. Assessment of the oxygen (O2) sensitivity of these processes down to the O2 concentrations present in the OMZ core (<10 nmol⋅L(-1)) is therefore essential for understanding and modeling nitrogen loss in OMZs. We determined rates of ammonium and nitrite oxidation in the seasonal OMZ off Concepcion, Chile at manipulated O2 levels between 5 nmol⋅L(-1) and 20 μmol⋅L(-1) Rates of both processes were detectable in the low nanomolar range (5-33 nmol⋅L(-1) O2), but demonstrated a strong dependence on O2 concentrations with apparent half-saturation constants (Kms) of 333 ± 130 nmol⋅L(-1) O2 for ammonium oxidation and 778 ± 168 nmol⋅L(-1) O2 for nitrite oxidation assuming one-component Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Nitrite oxidation rates, however, were better described with a two-component Michaelis-Menten model, indicating a high-affinity component with a Km of just a few nanomolar. As the communities of ammonium and nitrite oxidizers were similar to other OMZs, these kinetics should apply across OMZ systems. The high O2 affinities imply that ammonium and nitrite oxidation can occur within the OMZ core whenever O2 is supplied, for example, by episodic intrusions. These processes therefore compete with anammox and denitrification for ammonium and nitrite, thereby exerting an important control over nitrogen loss.
The Waiting Time for Inter-Country Spread of Pandemic Influenza (2007)

The delay until an epidemic of pandemic strain influenza is imported into an at-risk country is largely determined by the course of the epidemic in the source region and the number of travelers attempting to enter the at-risk country, and is little affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions targeting these travelers. Short of preventing international travel altogether, eradicating a nascent pandemic in the source region appears to be the only reliable method of preventing country-to-country spread of a pandemic strain of influenza.
Diverse roles of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol in invasion of prostate carcinoma cells: Location, hydrolysis and 12‐lipoxygenase metabolism (2007)

Endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is antiinvasive in androgen-independent prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cells. Invasion of PC-3 cells is also inhibited by exogenously added noladin ether, a non-hydrolyzable analog of 2-AG. In contrast, exogenous 2-AG has the opposite effect. Cell invasion significantly increased with high concentrations of exogenous 2-AG. In PC-3 cells, arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) concentrations increased along with exogenously added 2-AG, and 12-HETE concentrations increased with exogenously added AA. Invasion of PC-3 cells also increased with exogenously added AA and 12(S)-HETE but not 12(R)-HETE. The exogenous 2-AG-induced invasion of PC-3 cells was inhibited by 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP, an inhibitor of 2-AG hydrolysis) and baicalein (a 12-LO inhibitor). Western blot and RT-PCR analyses indicated expression of 12-HETE producing lipoxygenases (LOs), platelet-type 12-LO (P-12-LO) and leukocyte-type 12-LO (L-12-LO), in PC-3 cells. These results suggest that exogenous 2-AG induced, rather inhibited, cell invasion because of its rapid hydrolysis to free AA, and further metabolism by 12-LO of AA to 12(S)-HETE, a promoter of PC cell invasion. The results also suggest that PC-3 cells and human prostate stromal (WPMY-1) cells released free AA, 2-AG, and 12-HETE. In the microenvironment of the PC cells, this may contribute to the cell invasion. The 2-AG hydrolysis and concentration of 2-AG in microenvironment are critical for PC cell's fate. Therefore, inhibitors of 2-AG hydrolysis could potentially serve as therapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate cancer. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Maximum likelihood SPECT in clinical computation times using mesh-connected parallel computers (1991)

Extending the work of A.W. McCarthy et al. (1988) and M.I. Miller and B. Roysam (1991), the authors demonstrate that a fully parallel implementation of the maximum-likelihood method for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be accomplished in clinical time frames on massively parallel systolic array processors. The authors show that for SPECT imaging on 64x64 image grids, with 96 view angles, the single-instruction, multiple data (SIMD) distributed array processor containing 64(2) processors performs the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm with Good's smoothing at a rate of 1 iteration/1.5 s. This promises for emission tomography fully Bayesian reconstructions including regularization in clinical computation times which are on the order of 1 min/slice. The most important result of the implementations is that the scaling rules for computation times are roughly linear in the number of processors.
On modeling aspects of swirling-stabilized diffusion flames (1997)

Modeling of swirling stabilized diffusion flames in a cylinder combustor is considered. Two-equation turbulence models are inherently not well suited to handle swirling turbulent flows. We propose an LES based solver for the computation of the reacting flow fields. LES data is used to study the influence of inlet swirling motion on the combustion and the turbulent mixing process. PDF is extracted from the LES data. The shape of PDF profiles is similar to a ft—distribution. PDF distributions at different locations indicate that mixing of fuel and air is improved by increase of inlet swirl angle. Spectral analysis of different terms of the turbulent kinetic energy balance equation shows that the contribution of the heat release to turbulent kinetic energy balance decreases with the frequencies. We also used the LES data to assess the appropriateness of conventional eddy viscosity based gradient-diffusion models for accounting for the density-turbulence and temperature-turbulence correlations.
Transition control strategy between standalone and grid connected operation of voltage source inverters (2011)

This paper proposes a smooth transition control strategy for voltage source inverters between standalone (SA) and grid connected (GC) modes of operation. In GC mode, the amount of power exchanged with the utility grid (UG) is controlled by regulating the phase currents. In the SA mode, the load voltage is regulated by the inverter with its phase dictated by the inverter control. An instant switching between SA and GC operations that will ensure continuous output power requires continuation in the phase of the system voltage. The trapezoidal, sinusoidal and staircase frequency change techniques have been analyzed to find out the optimum condition for which the total harmonic distortion (THD) become lower. We have developed a smooth frequency change technique which provides lower THD on the voltage waveforms compared to the other techniques. The new algorithm has been implemented on a 5kW single phase utility interactive inverter having the standalone operation capability.
Butyllithium Polymerization of Butadiene. III. Effect of Inactive Lithium Compounds (1968)

Abstract The effect of some lithium salts on the microstructures of low- DP polybutadienes was determined. Lithium alkoxides markedly increased extent of 1, 2 addition, and the increase was a function of the alkoxide/butyllithium ratio. Other salts, such as lithium hydride and lithium hydroxide, had little, if any, effect on polybutadiene micro-structure. The product from the reaction of 1-hexyne and butyl-lithium increased 1, 2 addition and also resulted in polybutadienyl lithium solutions that were very high in viscosity or gelled. The effect of lithium salts was taken as good evidence that the active species in monomer insertion is the organolithium complex which proceeds through the ionic species, LinR (n-1 ⊕R⊖. The viscosity effects obtained with hexynyl lithium were explained on the basis of the known facile formation of dilithio acetylides with the assumption that the propargylic lithium was an active initiator.
Linear IC parasitic element simulation methodology (2002)

Linear IC design requires an intimate understanding of how the physical circuit realization affects the electrical performance of the circuit. An overview of parasitic elements of consequence in linear IC design is followed by a straightforward methodology to include these physical considerations into the electrical schematic such that the circuit simulations will take these elements into account. A design example including normal simulation, parasitic simulation, and bench test results is presented. This methodology allows the designer to more completely describe the circuit and improve the chances for first time design success.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>