gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat-stable enterotoxin ofEscherichia colistimulates a non-CFTR-mediated duodenal bicarbonate secretory pathway (2004)

The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an important pathway for duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. Duodenal biopsies from CF patients secrete bicarbonate in response to heat-stable enterotoxin from Escherichia coli (STa) but not cAMP. To explore the mechanism of STa-induced bicarbonate secretion in CF more fully, we examined the role of CFTR in STa-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion in mice. In vivo, the duodenum of CFTR (-/-) or control mice was perfused with forskolin (10(-4) M), STa (10(-7) M), uroguanylin (10(-7) M), 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) (10(-3) M), genistein (10(-6) M) plus STa, or herbimycin A (10(-6) M) plus STa. In vitro, duodenal mucosae were voltage-clamped in Ussing chambers, and bicarbonate secretion was measured by pH-stat. The effect of genistein, DIDS (10(-4) M), and chloride removal was also studied in vitro. Control, but not CF, mice produced a significant increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion after perfusion with forskolin, uroguanylin, or 8-Br-cGMP. However, both control and CF animals responded to STa with significant increases in bicarbonate output. Genistein and herbimycin A abolished this response in CF mice but not in controls. In vitro, STa-stimulated bicarbonate secretion in CF tissues was inhibited by genistein, DIDS, and chloride-free conditions, whereas bicarbonate secretion persisted in control mice. In the CF duodenum, STa can stimulate bicarbonate secretion via tyrosine kinase activity resulting in apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange. Further studies elucidating the intracellular mechanisms responsible for such non-CFTR mediated bicarbonate secretion may lead to important therapies for CF.
Low-Noise CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes with 32 ns dead time (2007)

The implementation of single-photon avalanche diode detectors (SPAD) in a standard high voltage 0.7-mum CMOS technology is presented. Two different device structures, combined with integrated quenching circuits, have been fabricated and successfully tested. A novel biasing scheme is proposed allowing the reduction of afterpulsing effect and the decrease of minimum device-to-device distance. Good noise performance is obtained for the 100 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area device where over 50% of the population has a dark count rate below lOOcps and afterpulsing lower than 0.3% with a 4-V excess bias and a 32-ns dead time. The peak photon detection probability is about 30%, while the overall system, upper limit, for the time resolution is 144 ps.
Rational synthesis of a two-dimensional honeycomb structure based on a paramagnetic paddlewheel diruthenium complex (2004)

A novel 2-D coordination polymer with honeycomb (6,3) net topology is constructed from a paramagnetic paddlewheel diruthenium tetrabenzoate, [RuII2(O2CPh)4], as a linear linker motif and triazine as a three-connected node; the RuII2 cores are positioned on nodes of a 2-D Kagome lattice.
Radiological Assessment of Hip Fracture Union RUSH and Modified RUSH (2021)

Abstract Objective： Intertrochanteric fracture is a common senile disease, which is mainly treated by surgery. The evaluation of postoperative healing of such fractures has always been based on qualitative evaluation of clinical and radiological indicators. Currently, there are no quantitative evaluations of hip fracture union other than the Radiographic Union Score or Hip (RUSH) score. The aim of this study was to evaluate fracture healing of intertrochanteric fractures treated with intramedullary nailing and plates using RUSH and the modified RUSH score we developed. Methods： We collected a total of 96 patients with surgically treated intertrochanteric fractures, including 46 with lateral plate fixation and 50 with intramedullary nailing. Six orthopedic surgeons assessed the overall impression of fracture union on more than 200 postoperative X-rays without knowing any information, followed by the use of RUSH and modified RUSH to evaluate the x-rays separately to see if the two methods improved the consistency of intertrochanteric fracture union. Results： the consistency of overall fracture healing impression was moderate（ICC=0.487）, RUSH and modified RUSH improved the consistency to substantial（ICC=0.80）and basically perfect（ICC=0.81）, respectively. In addition, for the evaluation of union of all intertrochanteric fractures, the overall score of plate was always higher than that of intramedullary nail. When the lateral plate and intramedullary nail were separately scored, the RUSH score of plate was basically the same as modified RUSH, while the modified RUSH of intramedullary nail was higher than modified RUSH. Ultimately,the medial (r=0.54 and R =0.53) and anterior (r=0.55 and R =0.54) and the global score (R =0.68 and R =0.68) in the single cortex showed a high correlation with the overall fracture healing impression in both RUSH and modified RUSH scores. Ultimately,medial (r=0.54 and r =0.53) and anterior (r=0.55 and r=0.54) in individual cortices and overall scores (r=0.68 and r =0.68) showed a high correlation with overall fracture healing impressions in both RUSH and modified RUSH scores. Conclusions： we developed a new hip fracture score comparable to the RUSH score that significantly improves the consistency of radiographic assessment of intertrochanteric fracture union. Most importantly, modified RUSH filled the callus formation gap in RUSH scores between cortical bridging and no cortical bridging. Therefore, we recommend the use of RUSH or a modified RUSH score to improve orthopedic surgeons' assessment of intertrochanteric fracture union.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Glycerol Uptake in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC: Its Impact on H 2 O 2 Production and Virulence (2001)

Highly virulent strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC belonging to the African cluster contain an operon with the genes gtsA, gtsB, and gtsC, encoding membrane ATP binding cassette transporter proteins GtsA, GtsB, and GtsC, which are involved in glycerol transport. Strain Afadé from the African cluster incorporated [U-(14)C]glycerol with a time-dependent increase. The less virulent strain L2 of the European cluster, which lacks gtsB and gtsC, failed to incorporate glycerol. Antibodies against GtsB noncompetitively inhibited glycerol uptake. L-alpha-Glycerophosphate was not transported by M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC. It is postulated to be synthesized by phosphorylation of glycerol during transport and subsequently metabolized further to dihydroxyacetone phosphate accompanied by release of H(2)O(2). Peroxide production in glycerol-containing growth medium was high for the African strain Afadé but very low for the European strain L2. Virtually no H(2)O(2) was produced by both strains without glycerol. Hence, the efficient glycerol uptake system found in the virulent strain of the African cluster leads to a strong release of peroxide, a potential virulence factor which is lacking in the less virulent European strains. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC might have adopted, as a strategy for virulence, a highly efficient uptake system for glycerol which allows the production of an active metabolic intermediate that damages host cells.
Consistency across multi-omics layers in a drug-perturbed gut microbial community (2023)

Abstract Multi-omics analyses are increasingly employed in microbiome studies to obtain a holistic view of molecular changes occurring within microbial communities exposed to different conditions. However, it is not always clear to what extent each omics data type contributes to our understanding of the community dynamics and whether they are concordant with each other. Here we map the molecular response of a synthetic community of 32 human gut bacteria to three non-antibiotic drugs by using five omics layers, namely 16S rRNA gene profiling, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. Using this controlled setting, we find that all omics methods with species resolution in their readouts are highly consistent in estimating relative species abundances across conditions. Furthermore, different omics methods complement each other in their ability to capture functional changes in response to the drug perturbations. For example, while nearly all omics data types captured that the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine selectively inhibits Bacteroidota representatives in the community, the metatranscriptome and metaproteome suggested that the drug induces stress responses related to protein quality control and metabolomics revealed a decrease in polysaccharide uptake, likely caused by Bacteroidota depletion. Taken together, our study provides insights into how multi-omics datasets can be utilised to reveal complex molecular responses to external perturbations in microbial communities.
Ultrasonic 3-D Vector Flow Method for Quantitative In Vivo Peak Velocity and Flow Rate Estimation (2016)

Current clinical ultrasound (US) systems are limited to show blood flow movement in either 1-D or 2-D. In this paper, a method for estimating 3-D vector velocities in a plane using the transverse oscillation method, a 32×32 element matrix array, and the experimental US scanner SARUS is presented. The aim of this paper is to estimate precise flow rates and peak velocities derived from 3-D vector flow estimates. The emission sequence provides 3-D vector flow estimates at up to 1.145 frames/s in a plane, and was used to estimate 3-D vector flow in a cross-sectional image plane. The method is validated in two phantom studies, where flow rates are measured in a flow-rig, providing a constant parabolic flow, and in a straight-vessel phantom ( ∅=8 mm) connected to a flow pump capable of generating time varying waveforms. Flow rates are estimated to be 82.1 ± 2.8 L/min in the flow-rig compared with the expected 79.8 L/min, and to 2.68 ± 0.04 mL/stroke in the pulsating environment compared with the expected 2.57 ± 0.08 mL/stroke. Flow rates estimated in the common carotid artery of a healthy volunteer are compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured flow rates using a 1-D through-plane velocity sequence. Mean flow rates were 333 ± 31 mL/min for the presented method and 346 ± 2 mL/min for the MRI measurements.
Catheter-directed Gastric Artery Chemical Embolization for Modulation of Systemic Ghrelin Levels in a Porcine Model: Initial Experience (2007)

Use of GACE can result in increased or suppressed ghrelin levels.
Ferroelectric (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 thin films for H 2 gas detection by sol-gel and RF sputtering (1999)

Abstract Ferroelectric (Ba, Sr)Ti03 thin films for hydrogen gas detection have been prepared by sol-gel and RF sputtering methods, and characterized using X-ray diffraction, dielectric characterization, and gas sensing measurements. The sol gel approach can easily produce BST amorphous films for H2 gas detection, however, no amorphous films, but partially crystallized ones, have been obtained using our RF sputtering coating system. Experimental results show that the Schottky I-V behavior appears in these Pd/amorphous BST thin fildmetal capacitor devices, both in air and in diluted hydrogen gas. The sol-gel prepared films display an excellent gas sensitivity and the turn-on voltage shift as large as 4.5V at 1024 ppm H2 gas in air has been observed due to the H2 blocking effect by amorphous BST films. The relatively poorer performance of the RF sputtered films to H2 gas detection may originate from the trapped charges in these partially crystallized films, and therefore, weaken the induced H2 potential build-up across the space charge layer at the interface.
Semantic vs term-based query modification analysis (2010)

Previous research has studied query modifications on a syntactic level by focusing on the addition, elimination and substitution of terms between consecutive queries that have at least one term in common. In this paper, we determine semantic relations between queries by first mapping them onto concepts in linked data sources and then identifying the relations between the concepts. This enables us to find relations between queries that do not share any terms. Moreover, with this approach we can find more detailed and more meaningful query modification patterns than with a termbased analysis. Application of our method to search logs of two search engines shows the importance of studying query modifications on a semantic level. Our results indicate that users often search for entities that are related semantically, but not syntactically. Specifically, users often successively search for two entities sharing a common property, such as two actors starring in the same movie, or two entities with a specific relation, such as spouses. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of search engines.
Optimal QoS mapping for streaming video over Differentiated Services networks (2004)

We investigate streaming packet video over relative Differentiated Services (DiffServ) networks which can provide a number of aggregated traffic classes, ordered in a way such that class q+l is better or at least no worse than class q in terms of packet loss. We propose an algorithm for optimal quality of service (QoS) mapping from the video packets to a set of available DiffServ classes. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated through experimental tests and compares favorably to previous works.
[SV40 as a possible cofactor in the etiopathogenesis of mesothelioma and other human tumors]. (1999)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) has been introduced into the human population with contaminated polio vaccines between 1955 and 1963. Previous research conducted by southern blot hybridization and recent analysis by PCR have shown the presence of SW0 sequences in human brain tumors, mesotheliomas and osteosarcomas as well as in normal tissues such as blood and sperm fluids. SV40 RNA and T antigen were detected in the same tissues. All the samples were coinfected by BK Virus (BKV), suggesting that BKV may have a helper function for SV40 replication in human cells. The presence of SV40 in human tumors suggests that the virus may be a cofactor in the etiopathogenesis of human neoplasia. In addition, blood and semen may represent the vectors for transmission of SV40 by horizontal infection in the human population.
A Polynomial-Time Algorithm Computing Lower and Upper Bounds of the Rooted Subtree Prune and Regraft Distance (2010)

Rooted, leaf-labeled trees are used in biology to represent hierarchical relationships of various entities, most notably the evolutionary history of molecules and organisms. Rooted Subtree Prune and Regraft (rSPR) operation is a tree rearrangement operation that is used to transform a tree into another tree that has the same set of leaf labels. The minimum number of rSPR operations that transform one tree into another is denoted by d(rSPR) and gives a measure of dissimilarity between the trees, which can be used to compare trees obtained by different approaches, or, in the context of phylogenetic analysis, to detect horizontal gene transfer events by finding incongruences between trees of different evolving characters. The problem of computing the exact d(rSPR) measure is NP-hard, and most algorithms resort to finding sequences of rSPR operations that are sufficient for transforming one tree into another, thereby giving upper bound heuristics for the distance. In this article, we present an O(n⁴) recursive algorithm D-Clust that gives both lower bound and upper bound heuristics for the distance between trees with n shared leaves and also gives a sequence of operations that transforms one tree into another. Our experiments on simulated pairs of trees containing up to 100 leaves showed that the two bounds are almost equal for small distances, thereby giving the nearly-precise actual value, and that the upper bound tends to be close to the upper bounds given by other approaches for all pairs of trees.
Recurrent Neural Network Architecture Search for Geophysical Emulation (2020)

Developing surrogate geophysical models from data is a key research topic in atmospheric and oceanic modeling because of the large computational costs associated with numerical simulation methods. Researchers have started applying a wide range of machine learning models, in particular neural networks, to geophysical data for forecasting without these constraints. Constructing neural networks for forecasting such data is nontrivial, however, and often requires trial and error. To address these limitations, we focus on developing proper-orthogonal-decomposition-based long short-term memory networks (PODLSTMs). We develop a scalable neural architecture search for generating stacked LSTMs to forecast temperature in the NOAA Optimum Interpolation Sea-Surface Temperature data set. Our approach identifies POD-LSTMs that are superior to manually designed variants and baseline time-series prediction methods. We also assess the scalability of different architecture search strategies on up to 512 Intel Knights Landing nodes of the Theta supercomputer at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility.
Materials and Applications for Large Area Electronics: Solution-Based Approaches (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMaterials and Applications for Large Area Electronics: Solution-Based ApproachesAna Claudia Arias*, J. Devin MacKenzie, Iain McCulloch, Jonathan Rivnay, and Alberto SalleoView Author Information Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304 Add-Vision Inc., 1600 Green Hills Road, Suite 100, Scotts Valley, California 95066 Imperial College London Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1, 3–24Publication Date (Web):January 13, 2010Publication History Received12 April 2009Published online13 January 2010Published inissue 13 January 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900150bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900150breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20847Altmetric-Citations1594LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carrier dynamics,Polymers,Semiconductors,Thin films,Transistors Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS BETWEEN 4‐HYDROXY‐6‐METHYL‐2‐PYRONE AND ALDEHYDES BOTH IN THE ABSENCE AND THE PRESENCE OF ADDED THIOLS (1982)

Abstract 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyron (I) reagiert mit den Aldehyden (II) zu den 3‐Alkyliden‐Verbindungen (III), die mit weiterem (I) in die Produkte (IV) übergehen.
Vitamin B6 Analogs. An Improved Synthesis of 5-Deoxypyridoxal (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVitamin B6 Analogs. An Improved Synthesis of 5-DeoxypyridoxalPeter F. Muhlradt and Esmond E. SnellCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 1, 129–130Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00313a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00313a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Renal Involvement in Preeclampsia: Similarities to VEGF Ablation Therapy (2010)

Glomerular VEGF expression is critical for the maintenance and function of an intact filtration barrier. Alterations in glomerular VEGF bioavailability result in endothelial as well as in podocyte damage. Renal involvement in preeclampsia includes proteinuria, podocyturia, elevated blood pressure, edema, glomerular capillary endotheliosis, and thrombotic microangiopathy. At least the renal signs, symptoms, and other evidence can sufficiently be explained by reduced VEGF levels. The aim of this paper was to summarize our pathophysiological understanding of the renal involvement of preeclampsia and point out similarities to the renal side effects of VEGF-ablation therapy.
A fusion-fission hybrid reactor driven by high-density pinch plasmas (2001)

A conceptual design for a 200 MW hybrid fusion-fission reactor to be used as a heat source for district heating has been developed. The fission, heat-generating blanket is based on the CANDU reactor technology, while the fusion fast neu- trons are provided by a high-density, pinch plasma. The basic assumption regarding the fusion neutron source is that in a pinch plasma (high-density Z-pinch and plasma focus configurations have been considered) a fusion power level of 10 MW can be achieved. An outstanding feature of the design is that no active components are necessary within the reactor contain- ment area, all the hybrid system control being ensured by the fusion component of the reactor.