gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current–Voltage Characteristics of Cobalt‐Doped Inversion Boundaries in Zinc Oxide Bicrystals (2003)

Undoped and cobalt‐doped basal inversion boundaries were fabricated in ZnO bicrystals to investigate their current–voltage characteristics. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy observations and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses for a cobalt‐doped bicrystal revealed that the boundary was highly coherent and free from intergranular phases and precipitates, but a certain amount of cobalt was present near the boundary. The cobalt‐doped bicrystals exhibited nonlinear characteristics that depended on cooling rates from annealing temperature, in contrast to linear characteristics of the undoped bicrystals. It is suggested that the presence of cobalt impurities enhances the formation of acceptor‐like native defects near the boundaries to generate electrostatic potential barriers.
Theory of Nonlinear Beam Propagation in Optical Waveguides (1981)

We analyze the effect of transverse inhomogeneity on nonlinear beam propagation in a dielectric medium. Specifically, we consider the propagation of both CW beams and pulses in optical waveguides possessing a real nonlinear refractive index of the form n=n1 (¯r,ω) + n2|E|2. The CW problem is treated within the paraxial approximation, for the case of a Gaussian beam incident on-axis. For powers lower than the homogeneous medium critical power, waveguiding dominates, and the beam focal parameter, although altered quantitatively, continues to vary sinusoidally as a function of distance as in the linear waveguide case, with a spectral period independent of the nonlinearity. Above the critical power, however, waveguiding is superceded and nonlinearity dominates. The beam becomes unstable, and displays oscillatory focussing in a fashion which is very similar to self-focussing in homogeneous media. Our pulse propagation studies employ a rather different starting point, based on the slowly varying envelope approximation and involving an averaging over the transverse coordinates. Our principal objective is to determine the conditions for undistorted pulse propagation, i.e., the existence of optical solitons. We obtain the equations governing the existence of solitons and find that they differ significantly from those for the homogeneous medium case. In particular, while “bright” soliton propagation is restricted to the anomolous dispersion regime in homogeneous media, in waveguides it is possible to propagate “bright” solitons in regimes of normal dispersion as well.
Connection admission control for capacity-varying networks with stochastic capacity change times (2001)

Many connection-oriented networks, such as low Earth orbit satellite (LEOS) systems and networks providing multipriority service using advance reservations, have capacities which vary over time. Connection admission control (CAC) policies which only use current capacity information may lead to intolerable dropping of admitted connections whenever network capacity decreases. We present the admission limit curve (ALC) for capacity-varying networks with random capacity change times. We prove the ALC is a constraint limiting the conditions under which any connection-stateless CAC policy may admit connections and still meet dropping guarantees on an individual connection basis. The ALC also leads to a lower bound on the blocking performance achievable by any connection-stateless CAC policy which provides dropping guarantees to individual connections. In addition, we describe a CAC policy for stochastic capacity change times which uses knowledge about future capacity changes to provide dropping guarantees on an individual connection basis and which achieves blocking performance close to the lower bound.
Moisture absorption and desorption predictions for plastic ball grid array packages (1997)

Plastic electronic packages are known to absorb moisture when exposed to humid ambient conditions during storage in tape and reel in the factory. Reliability becomes a concern when packages are exposed to a humid environment for a prolonged time and then processed through a reflow oven. Thermo-mechanical and moisture induced interfacial stresses generated between the die attach and die may lead to die delamination and package cracking. Current package level moisture evaluation methods are based on experimental weight gain measurements and visual inspection after reflow for cracking or delamination. This study presents a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of the moisture weight gain or loss in plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages as a function of time, including the effects of package geometry and material selection. Experimental weight gain and bake-out data for a 68 I/O PBGA package are shown to closely match FEA model predictions. Diffusivity and solubility property data for common packaging materials are given as a function of temperature from 23 to 210/spl deg/C. Solder pot dip tests performed at 230/spl deg/C indicate that popcorn failures result when the moisture concentration in the die attach region exceeds 0.0048 g/cm/sup 3/ for the specific package tested.
LHRH analogues as anticancer agents: pituitary and extrapituitary sites of action (2001)

Two classes of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues have been developed so far to be used for oncological therapies: LHRH agonists and antagonists. LHRH agonists are widely and successfully used for the management of steroid-dependent malignancies. Chronic administrations of these compounds result in downregulation and desensitisation of pituitary LHRH receptors and, therefore, in a complete suppression of gonadal function. LHRH agonist administration is effective, safe and reversible, suffering only from the 'flare-up' phenomenon at the beginning of treatment. LHRH antagonists suppress the pituitary-gonadal function by competing with native LHRH for binding to its pituitary receptor but without giving rise to the intracellular cascade of events evoked by the natural hormone or LHRH agonists. Synthetic peptides belonging to the last generations of LHRH antagonists have already been successful in clinical trials. They are completely devoid of the 'flare-up' phenomenon and seem to be free of side effects, such as histamine release. Recently, the expression of LHRH and LHRH receptors has been reported in a number of hormone-responsive tumours. In contrast with the pituitary LHRH receptor which is coupled to the Gq/11-PLC intracellular system of events, stimulation of the tumour LHRH receptor by LHRH is followed by the activation of a Gi protein and a decrease in cAMP levels. This intracellular pathway mediates the inhibitory action of the autocrine/paracrine LHRH system on tumour cell proliferation. The activation of LHRH receptors at tumour level may then represent an additional and more direct mechanism of action for the antitumoural activity of LHRH agonists. Surprisingly, LHRH antagonists also exert a marked antimitogenic activity on a number of hormone-responsive cancer cell lines, indicating that these compounds might behave as antagonists at pituitary level and as agonists at the level of the tumour. The observation that the inhibitory LHRH autocrine system is also present in some steroid-unresponsive cancer cell lines might suggest a possible clinical utility of LHRH analogues also for those tumours that have escaped the initial phase of hormone dependency.
Molecular targets of guanine nucleotides in differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. (2000)

Guanine nucleotides are important substrates for macromolecular synthesis, cell signaling, and integration of metabolic status, and have an evolutionarily conserved role in differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells are all dependent on an adequate supply of guanylates to maintain proliferation. Depletion of intracellular guanylates, especially by inhibition of de novo synthesis via the IMP dehydrogenase pathway, is a potent signal for inhibition of proliferation, as well as apoptosis. Growth inhibition by depletion of GTP is a conserved pathway from humans to Bacillus. IMPDH expression is downregulated by the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Many inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase are used as clinical agents. These agents are antivirals (ribavirin), antitumor (tiazofurin [TR], selenazofurin [SR], and benzamide riboside [BR]), and immunosuppressants (mycophenolic acid [MPA]). The biochemical actions of IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors are well known, but correlation with in vivo activities is difficult because the extent of exogenous contributions to the nucleotide metabolic pathways is not fully known. IMPDH inhibitors are biochemically convenient in inhibiting parallel pathways, since excess reactants IMP and 5'-phospho-ribose-1'-pyrophosphate (PRPP) inhibit guanine salvage synthesis. IMPDH activity is a progression-linked key enzyme in tumorigenesis. The antitumor potential of IMPDH inhibitors is therefore particularly high.
REASONING WITH INCONSISTENT ONTOLOGIES THROUGH ARGUMENTATION (2010)

Standard approaches to reasoning with description logics (DL) ontologies require them to be consistent. However, as ontologies are complex entities and sometimes built upon other imported ontologies, inconsistencies can arise. In this article, we present δ-ontologies, a framework for reasoning with inconsistent DL ontologies. Our proposal involves expressing DL ontologies as defeasible logic programs (DeLP). Given a query posed w.r.t. an inconsistent ontology, a dialectical analysis will be performed on a DeLP program obtained from such an ontology, where all arguments in favor and against the final answer of the query will be taken into account. We also present an application to ontology integration based on the global-as-view approach.
Learning the missing values in depth maps (2013)

In this paper, we consider the task of hole filling in depth maps, with the help of an associated color image. We take a supervised learning approach to solve this problem. The model is learnt from the training set, which contain pixels that have depth values. Then we apply supervised learning to predict the depth values in the holes. Our model uses a regional Markov Random Field (MRF) that incorporates multiscale absolute and relative features (computed from the color image), and models depths not only at individual points but also between adjacent points. The experiments show that the proposed approach is able to recover fairly accurate depth values and achieve a high quality depth map.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐4‐hydroxypiperidin‐2‐ones and a Possible Application to the Synthesis of a Novel HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor. (1989)

Abstract The diesters (II), prepared from the aldehydes (I) as starting materials, undergo intramolecular cyclization to form the dioxopiperidinecarboxylates (IV) which are hydrolyzed and decarboxylated, producing the dioxopiperidines (V).
Sleep, performance and behaviour in Australian indigenous and non‐indigenous children: An exploratory comparison (2009)

These data suggest that substantial numbers of Australian children - more than one third in this pilot sample - may suffer from significant sleep problems. To the extent that sleep problems may impair prefrontal cortical function, emotional regulation, and control of behaviour, confirmation of current findings could have particular import for indigenous children.
Hyperbolic metamaterials: fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials (2022)

Abstract Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light. Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation. They are able to support high- k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications, such as super-resolution imaging, negative refraction, and enhanced emission control. Here, state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed, starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials. The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.
ARM: Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera Particle Analysis, averaged (2015)

Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera Particle Analysis, averaged
Microwave injector of plasma formed in a narrow coaxial resonator: experiment and computer simulations (2019)

Abstract Under the conditions of simultaneous extraction of the ion and electron plasma components and the formation of a current-compensated plasma flow created in a narrow coaxial resonator by the ECR radiation, the radial distributions of the ion current at different mass flow rates of the working gas (argon) were obtained. The computer PIC simulations were performed using the three-dimensional numerical model in order to determine the intensity of the plasma flow as a function of the experimental parameters.
Electronic Structure, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Vibrational Analysis of Gemifloxacin by Density Functional Theory (2012)

The non-linear optical properties of gemifloxacin (C 18 H 20 FN 5 O 4 ) have been examined using density functional theory (DFT). The molecular HOMO, LUMO composition, their respective energy gaps, MESP contours/surfaces have also been drawn to explain the activity of gemifloxacin. The equilibrium geometries and harmonic frequencies of title molecule was determined and analyzed at DFT/B3LYP level employing the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The skeleton of both the optimized molecules is non-planar. In general, a good agreement between experimental and calculated normal modes of vibrations has been observed.
Study of the S1 Excited State of para-Methoxy-3-phenyl-3-methyl Diazirine by Ultrafast Time Resolved UV−Vis and IR Spectroscopies and Theory (2009)

Ultrafast laser flash photolysis (lambda(ex) = 375 nm) of para-methoxy-3-phenyl-3-methyl diazirine (p-CH(3)OC(6)H(4)CN(2)CH(3)) produced a transient absorption band in the 400-700 nm region. The carrier of the transient absorption is assigned to the S(1) electronic excited state of this compound based on quantum chemical calculations. The strongest vibrational mode of this S(1) excited state, predicted by RI-CC2/TZVP calculations, was directly observed in the mid-infrared region and had the same lifetime as the transient absorption band detected in the visible region, confirming that the same species is responsible for both transient spectra. The S(1) state undergoes solvation within 20 ps after its formation in polar solvents. Decay of the S(1) state leads to the formation of the isomeric diazo compound and singlet carbene. With 270 nm excitation, both singlet carbene and diazo compound are formed in a much more rapid process from the initially populated diazirine S(2) state (<4 ps), in competition with internal conversion to the S(1) state. The ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum calculations presented in this study provide a rather complete and consistent understanding of the structures and the decay kinetics of the excited states of an aryldiazirine and provide some conclusive answers to the pending general mechanistic questions concerning the photoisomerization of diazirine into diazo compound and the denitrogenation into carbenes.
The determination of the location of the global maximum of a function in the presence of several local extrema (1985)

The global maximum of a function can be determined by using information about the number of stationary points in the domain of interest. This information is obtained by evaluating an integral that equals the exact number of stationary points of the function. The integral is based on work by Kronecker and Picard at the end of the nineteenth century. The numerical feasibility of the method is shown by two computed examples, i.e., estimation problems from statistics and optical communication theory. In these examples the global maximum of the likelihood function is obtained by using the total number of stationary points as revealed by the computed integral.
Guided scrambling: a new line coding technique for high bit rate fiber optic transmission systems (1991)

The technique introduced has relatively simple encoding and decoding procedures which can be implemented at the high bit rates used in optical fiber communication systems. Because it is similar to the established technique of self-synchronizing scrambling but is also capable of guiding the scrambling process to produce a balanced encoded bit stream, the technique is called guided scrambling, (GS). The concept of GS coding is explained, and design parameters which ensure good line code characteristics are discussed. The performance of a number of guided scrambling configurations is reported in terms of maximum consecutive like-encoded bits, encoded stream disparity, decoder error extension, and power spectral density of the encoded signal. Comparison of guided scrambling with conventional line code techniques indicates a performance which approaches that of alphabetic lookup table codes with an implementation complexity similar to that of current nonalphabetic coding techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ON MODELLING THE TRANSITION TO TURBULENCE IN PIPE FLOW (2017)

As a possible model for fluid turbulence, a Reiner–Rivlin-type equation is used to study Poiseuille–Couette flow of a viscous fluid in a rotating cylindrical pipe. The equations of motion are derived in cylindrical coordinates, and small-amplitude perturbations are considered in full generality, involving all three velocity components. A new matrix-based numerical technique is proposed for the linearized problem, from which the stability is determined using a generalized eigenvalue approach. New results are obtained in this cylindrical geometry, which confirm and generalize the predictions of previous recent studies. A possible mechanism for the transition to turbulent flow is discussed.
Magnetic fields in vacuum insulated high voltage power apparatus (1976)

Magnetic fields in high voltage vacuum insulation are of interest because they may produce cross-field discharges and propel vacuum arcs. This paper shows that the coaxial cable geometry with elbows and high voltage terminations permits neither the gyration of electrons nor the sufficient elongation of electron trajectories to produce a noticeable number of ionizing collisions with residual gas molecules. Experiments with a 10 toot long, 5.75 inch diameter coaxial line did not reveal the theoretically expected are motion away from the current source nor any tendency towards retrograde motion. In a butt-gap geometry, however, the kink instability of the plasma column was found to drive the are rapidly to the electrode edge. A radial magnetic field in the butt-gap enhanced are diffusion and cathode spot tracks indicated a tendency of the plasma to rotate in accordance with the Lorentz force. The beginnings of the new concept of self-sustained ion pumping are outlined. Apparatus for demonstrating this effect utilized permanent bar magnets, titanium cathodes and 60 Hz high voltage.
A survey of methods for encrypted traffic classification and analysis (2015)

Summary With the widespread use of encrypted data transport, network traffic encryption is becoming a standard nowadays. This presents a challenge for traffic measurement, especially for analysis and anomaly detection methods, which are dependent on the type of network traffic. In this paper, we survey existing approaches for classification and analysis of encrypted traffic. First, we describe the most widespread encryption protocols used throughout the Internet. We show that the initiation of an encrypted connection and the protocol structure give away much information for encrypted traffic classification and analysis. Then, we survey payload and feature‐based classification methods for encrypted traffic and categorize them using an established taxonomy. The advantage of some of described classification methods is the ability to recognize the encrypted application protocol in addition to the encryption protocol. Finally, we make a comprehensive comparison of the surveyed feature‐based classification methods and present their weaknesses and strengths. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Response to “Comments on ‘The Effect of Operating Temperatures on Wax Deposition’ by Huang et al.” (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentResponse to "Comments on 'The Effect of Operating Temperatures on Wax Deposition' by Huang et al."Zhenyu Huang† and Scott Fogler*‡View Author Information† Multiphase Solutions Kenny, Incorporated, Houston, Texas 77084, United States‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Energy Fuels 2012, 26, 12, 7390–7392Publication Date (Web):December 3, 2012Publication History Received2 October 2012Revised29 November 2012Published online11 December 2012Published inissue 20 December 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef301612vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ef301612varticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (142 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Deposition,Heat transfer,Interfaces,Lipids,Solubility Get e-Alerts