gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of wind penetration and HVDC upgrades on stability of the GB transmission system (2012)

Several case studies are presented in this paper to better understand the impact of planned network changes on the dynamic stability of the future Great Britain transmission system. These studies have been conducted on a small network that is reasonably representative of the small signal stability problems present in the UK power system. The effect of wind penetration and HVDC links on the existing low frequency inter-area oscillations is analysed and interpreted for different possible future scenarios by observing the change of damping and frequency of this mode in response to these changes.
Data Normalization Strategies for MicroRNA Quantification (2015)

A workflow strategy is proposed for normalization of miRNA expression data in an attempt to provide a basis for the establishment of a global standard procedure that will allow comparison across studies.
Accurate targeting in robot-assisted TCM pulse diagnosis using adaptive sensor fusion (2019)

Accurate targeting plays an important role in the study of human-robot interaction under dynamic environments. Especially for robot-assisted Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis, the localization and accuracy of diagnose positions at wrist needs to be addressed. In this work, imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) which measures the physiological changes of blood flow in artery is used as an extra modal information in addition to computer vision at localization, to alleviate the effect of approaching distance varying during the robot arm movement. Both computer vision and iPPG are fed into an adaptive fusion expert of convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture, and this boosts the accuracy at targeting of TCM radial artery at wrist. A coherence weight of their contributions was calculated and reflected the adaptation of the CNN to distance varying.
Optical fiber for delivering deep-UV laser light (2006)

In the present work, we fabricated optical fibers using fluorine doped silica glass called "modified fused silica", which was developed for optical materials of vacuum-UV lithography. The fiber with hydrogen impregnation exhibits high transmission and high deep-UV resistivity in comparison with the conventional UV fibers.
A fresh look at coal-derived liquid fuels (2009)

35% of the world's energy comes from oil, and 96% of that oil is used for transportation. The current number of vehicles globally is estimated to be 700 million; that number is expected to double overall by 2030, and to triple in developing countries. Now consider that the US has 27% of the world's supply of coal yet only 2% of the oil. Coal-to-liquids technologies could bridge the gap between US fuel supply and demand. The advantages of coal-derived liquid fuels are discussed in this article compared to the challenges of alternative feedstocks of oil sands, oil shale and renewable sources. It is argued that pollutant emissions from coal-to-liquid facilities could be minimal because sulfur compounds will be removed, contaminants need to be removed for the FT process, and technologies are available for removing solid wastes and nitrogen oxides. If CO{sub 2} emissions for coal-derived liquid plants are captured and sequestered, overall emissions of CO{sub 2} would be equal or less than those from petroleum. Although coal liquefaction requires large volumes of water, most water used can be recycled. Converting coal to liquid fuels could, at least in the near term, bring a higher level of stability to world oilmore » prices and the global economy and could serve as insurance for the US against price hikes from oil-producing countries. 7 figs.« less
A Novel Jasmonic Acid-Inducible Rice myb Gene Associates with Fungal Infection and Host Cell Death (2001)

Endogenous signal molecules such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play an important role in induced resistance against pathogen infection and insect herbivory. In rice seedlings, JA is an effective inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against infection of blast fungus (Pyricularia grisea). To gain further insights into JA-mediated defense signaling pathways, we isolated and characterized a pathogen- and JA-induced rice gene (JAmyb) that encodes a Myb transcription factor. The JAmyb gene was induced within 1 day after fungal infection in resistant and susceptible interactions prior to lesion formation. Unlike most defense-related genes that are activated faster and stronger in resistant interactions, JAmyb induction by blast fungus is much higher in susceptible interactions, accompanied by large lesions and extensive tissue damage. Significant induction of JAmyb also was observed during cell death and lesion formation in certain lesion mimic mutants. Interestingly, JAmyb was activated rapidly by JA or wounding, independent of de novo protein synthesis, but not by other endogenous signal molecules such as SA and abscisic acid or SAR inducers such as benzothiadiazole and probenazole. We used SA-deficient transgenic plants to further demonstrate that depletion of SA in rice did not abolish but rather enhanced blast-induced JAmyb expression. These results suggest that JAmyb is related closely to host cell death and is involved in the JA-mediated, SA-independent signaling pathways in rice.
Computerized Alerting System Warns of Life-Threatening Events. (1986)

Problems associated with acute patient care include 1) information overload, 2) complexity of patient data, 3) data communication, 4) delays in treatment leading to critical illness, and 5) absence of attending physicians when decisions are required. Because of their speed and information processing capabilities, computers have been increasingly employed to help overcome these problems. At LDS Hospital, a comprehensive computer system called HELP has been developed. This system acquires, stores and manages patient data, and provides decision-making capabilities. HELP's capabilities have been applied to develop a tool for identifying life-threatening conditions in patients based on laboratory test results. Once a life-threatening condition is identified by the computer, the computer sends an alert message so that appropriate treatment may be rapidly instituted. Preliminary results from our evaluation of the expert system show that it does affect patient care by increasing the number of times that patients are treated for life-threatening conditions. Patient outcome is benefited by shortening the time needed for the patients laboratory test values to return within normal limits.
Measuring the confusability of pronunciations in speech recognition (2011)

In this work, we define a measure aimed at assessing how well a pronunciation model will function when used as a component of a speech recognition system. This measure, pronunciation entropy, fuses information from both the pronunciation model and the language model. We show how to compute this score by effectively composing the output of a phoneme recognizer with a pronunciation dictionary and a language model, and investigate its role as predictor of pronunciation model performance. We present results of this measure for different dictionaries with and without pronunciation variants and counts. 1
Diterpenes from the Roots of Euphorbia kansui and Their in Vitro Effects on the Cell Division of Xenopus (2002)

Twelve polycyclic diterpenes have been isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansui. Nine were assigned with an ingenol skeleton, 20-O-(2'E,4'E-decadienoyl)ingenol (1), 20-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)ingenol (2), 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)ingenol (3), 3-O-(2'E,4'E-decadienoyl)ingenol (4), 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-5-O-acetylingenol (5), 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (6), 3-O-(2'E,4'E-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (7), 20-O-(decanoyl)ingenol (8), and 5-O-(2'E,4'E-decadienoyl)ingenol (9), and three with a jatrophane skeleton, kansuinins A (12), B (11), and C (10). Compounds 1, 2, 5, 9, and 12 are new compounds, while 4 and 7 were assigned with new geometric configurations. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis. In vitro treatment of cultured individual Xenopus cells at the blastular stage with 1-9 arrested cleavage significantly (0.5 microg/mL of each compound resulted in >75% cleavage arrest). Of the three jatrophane diterpenes (10-12), only kansuinin B (11) showed any activity, resulting in 87% cleavage arrest at 50 microg/mL.
The use of amorphous boron powder enhances mechanical alloying in soft magnetic FeNbB alloy: A magnetic study (2013)

Saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy have been studied during mechanical alloying of Fe75Nb10B15 alloys prepared using crystalline and commercial amorphous boron. The evolution of saturation magnetization indicates a more efficient dissolution of boron into the matrix using amorphous boron, particularly for short milling times. The magnetization of the crystalline phase increases as boron is incorporated into this phase. Two milling time regimes can be used to describe the evolution of magnetic anisotropy: a first regime governed by microstrains and a second one mainly governed by crystal size and amorphous fraction.
Interface engineering for solid-state dye-sensitised nanocrystalline solar cells: the use of an organic redox cascade (2005)

We demonstrate the formation of a charge transfer cascade at a nanostructured TiO2/dye/polymer/molecular hole transport multilayer interface. Charge recombination dynamics at this interface are shown to be retarded when the ionisation potential of the polymer layer exceeds that of the molecular hole transport layer.
Environmental and Health Aspects of Surfactants (2014)

This chapter discusses two main types of natural products that have been investigated as surfactant polar head group, polyols, such as sugars, and amino acids. Surfactants should be regarded as toxic to aquatic organisms, even at low concentrations, and should, therefore, be removed from wastewater before entering receiving waters. The microorganisms carrying out the biodegradation are able to metabolize organic substances and convert them into less complex chemicals by a series of enzymatic reactions. The chapter lists relevant factors besides aquatic toxicity, ready biodegradability, and bioaccumulation for assessment of surfactant ecotoxicity. The physiological effects of surfactants on the skin are investigated by various dermatological and biophysical methods, starting with the surface of the skin and progressing via the horny layer and its barrier function to the deeper layer of the basal cells.
Is a cooperative approach to seaweed farming effectual? An analysis of the seaweed cluster project (SCP), Malaysia (2016)

Seaweed (Kappaphycus spp.) farming has been practised in Malaysia since the late 1970s following government policy incentives (training and farming inputs). However, numerous governance, economic, environmental, technological and sociocultural challenges have limited the industry from achieving its full potential. The Seaweed Cluster Project (SCP) was introduced in 2012 to address some of these challenges. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the SCP in delivering its central objectives of increasing seaweed production, optimising the farming area, improving seaweed quality and farming efficiency, raising farmers’ income, and reducing the environmental impact of seaweed farming. Community and industry perceptions of the SCP were obtained from seven communities using a mixed-methods approach based on face-to-face semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, household surveys, observation and secondary data. Views on the SCP outcomes were generally negative, including low take-up rates by indigenous people, poor stakeholder participation in decision-making, limited acceptance of new technologies, economic vulnerability, a complex marketing system, and low social cohesion of seaweed farming communities. Positive perceptions included recognition that the SCP confers high social status upon a community, reduces operating costs, and facilitates the production of certified seaweed. The SCP’s problems are linked to poor multi-level governance, weak market mechanisms and unintegrated community development. The study concludes with five recommendations to improve the SCP: promote the participation of indigenous people; legalise existing migrant farmers; strengthen local seaweed cooperative organisations; provide entrepreneurship skills to farmers; and fully integrate stakeholders into decision-making.
Two mutations in the hormone binding domain of the vitamin D receptor cause tissue resistance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1993)

We have identified and characterized two mutations in the hormone binding domain of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in patients with hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets. One patient was found to have a premature stop mutation (CAG to TAG) in the hinge region affecting amino acid 149 (Q149X) and the other demonstrated a missense mutation (CGC to CTC) resulting in the substitution of arginine 271 by leucine (R271L) in the steroid binding domain. Eukaryotic expression analyses in CV-1 cells showed the inability of both patients' VDR to induce transcription from the osteocalcin hormone gene response element at 10(-7) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Normal transcription levels could, however, be elicited by the missense mutated VDR (R271L) in the presence of 1,000-fold higher 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations than needed for the wild-type receptor. This shows that Arg 271 directly affects the affinity of the VDR for its ligand and its conversion to leucine decreases its affinity for 1,25(OH)2D3 by a factor of 1,000. Arg 271 is located immediately 3-prime to a 30 amino acid segment (VDR amino acids 241-270) that is conserved among members of the steroid/thyroid/retinoid hormone receptor superfamily. These results represent the first missense mutation identified in the hormone binding domain of VDR and further define the structure-function relationship of 1,25(OH)2D3 ligand binding to its nuclear receptor.
Real‐time volumetric MRI thermometry of focused ultrasound ablation in vivo: a feasibility study in pig liver and kidney (2010)

MR thermometry offers the possibility to precisely guide high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the noninvasive treatment of kidney and liver tumours. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate therapy guidance by motion-compensated, rapid and volumetric MR temperature monitoring and to evaluate the feasibility of MR-guided HIFU ablation in these organs. Fourteen HIFU sonications were performed in the kidney and liver of five pigs under general anaesthesia using an MR-compatible Philips HIFU platform prototype. HIFU sonication power and duration were varied. Volumetric MR thermometry was performed continuously at 1.5 T using the proton resonance frequency shift method employing a multi-slice, single-shot, echo-planar imaging sequence with an update frequency of 2.5 Hz. Motion-related suceptibility artefacts were compensated for using multi-baseline reference images acquired prior to sonication. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the kidney, liver and skin. The standard deviation of the temperature measured prior to heating in the sonicated area was approximately 1 °C in kidney and liver, and 2.5 °C near the skin. The maximum temperature rise was 30 °C for a sonication of 1.2 MHz in the liver over 15 s at 300 W. The thermal dose reached the lethal threshold (240 CEM(43) ) in two of six cases in the kidney and four of eight cases in the liver, but remained below this value in skin regions in the beam path. These findings were in agreement with histological analysis. Volumetric thermometry allows real-time monitoring of the temperature at the target location in liver and kidney, as well as in surrounding tissues. Thermal ablation was more difficult to achieve in renal than in hepatic tissue even using higher acoustic energy, probably because of a more efficient heat evacuation in the kidney by perfusion.
Therapeutic inhalation agents and devices (1984)

Although a variety of therapeutic agents can be given as aerosols, the physical problems involved in delivering the drug to the peripheral airways have often been ignored. Therapeutic aerosols are deposited in the respiratory tract by two chief mechanisms--inertial impaction (in the oropharynx and in large conducting airways) and gravitational sedimentation (in small conducting airways and in alveoli). In practice, only about 10% of the aerosol dose reaches the lungs from metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and nebulizers, and rather less from dry-powder inhalers. Changes in either aerosol particle size or inhalation mode can optimize the amount of aerosol delivered to the peripheral lung regions by each device. The inhaled route has several advantages over oral and intravenous administration for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, ie, a rapid onset of drug action, a small drug dose, and a low incidence of systemic side effects. Although various disadvantages or problems have been proposed for the inhaled route, these seem to be of minor importance. Drugs inhaled from MDIs, dry-powder inhalers, or nebulizers are thought to be safe if used in the recommended manner.
The HU Knot: A New Sliding Knot for Arthroscopic Surgery (2005)

Sliding knots are commonly used in arthroscopic knot tying. The Surgical knot as a hand-tied knot is very secure. We found that the Surgical knot could be used as a sliding knot. We have modified the Surgical knot to include a self-locking loop. A new sliding knot for arthroscopic surgery, the HU knot, is described. By tensioning the loop strand, the self-locking loop creates a snug knot without sliding backward. The HU knot provides great security.
Initial operation of the Wendelstein 7AS advanced stellarator (1989)

The first plasma experiments on the W7AS advanced stellarator were conducted in October 1988, after magnetic surface mapping. The characteristics of the device are described. During the first phase of operation, 70 GHz ECF was used to generate and heat a 'currentless' plasma which was maintained in quasi-steady state for typically 0.5 s. Effects of the magnetic configuration on the confinement and measures to deal with the observed plasma current (bootstrap current and ECF-driven current) were investigated. Preliminary results of transport analysis are presented and compared with predictions of transport models.
Predicting cardiovascular disease from real-time electrocardiographic monitoring: An adaptive machine learning approach on a cell phone (2009)

To date, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global death. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most widely adopted clinical tool that measures the electrical activities of the heart from the body surface. However, heart rhythm irregularities cannot always be detected on a standard resting ECG machine, since they may not occur during an individual's recording session. Common Holter-based portable solutions that record ECG for up to 24 to 48 hours lack the capability to provide real-time feedback. In this research, we seek to establish a cell phone-based real-time monitoring technology for CVD, capable of performing continuous on-line ECG processing, generating a personalized cardiac health summary report in layman's language, automatically detecting and classifying abnormal CVD conditions, all in real time. Specifically, we developed an adaptive artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning technique, combining both an individual's cardiac characteristics and information from clinical ECG databases, to train the cell phone to learn to adapt to its user's physiological conditions to achieve better ECG feature extraction and more accurate CVD classification on cell phones.
Network Visualization by Semantic Substrates (2006)

Networks have remained a challenge for information visualization designers because of the complex issues of node and link layout coupled with the rich set of tasks that users present. This paper offers a strategy based on two principles: (1) layouts are based on user-defined semantic substrates, which are non-overlapping regions in which node placement is based on node attributes, (2) users interactively adjust sliders to control link visibility to limit clutter and thus ensure comprehensibility of source and destination. Scalability is further facilitated by user control of which nodes are visible. We illustrate our semantic substrates approach as implemented in NVSS 1.0 with legal precedent data for up to 1122 court cases in three regions with 7645 legal citations.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Dihydrofurans from the Carbonate Derivatives of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Sulfones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design Study of an L-Band Phased Array Feed for Wide-Field Surveys and Vibration Compensation on FAST (2013)

Phased array feeds (PAFs) for large diameter single dish radio telescopes offer the capability for multiple simultaneous beam formation and wide field-of-view surveys. An L-band PAF front end design is presented for the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), which is currently under construction and when complete will be the largest single dish radio telescope in the world. A broadband PAF element at L-band was designed in conjunction with the FAST optics and focal plane field distribution, fabricated, and tested. The simulated performance of the array meets the FAST PAF performance requirements for field of view, efficiency, sensitivity, and other key parameters. A unique aspect of the FAST PAF is the need for feed cabin vibration compensation. A study of the use of adaptive beamforming to compensate for lateral movement is given.
Market Structure in the Network Age (2000)

E-commerce will undoubtedly change the way business is done. But as we have said elsewhere, “technology changes, economic laws do not.” Despite the changes introduced by e-commerce, many of the fundamental principles of competition will still be relevant. In this paper I investigate three aspects of competition in ecommerce: marketing, interconnection, and price matching. In each case I will describe the phenomenon, illustrate its relevance for ecommerce, and describe some research issues raised.
Technological practices of university students and how they affect their personal autonomy (2022)

Esta investigación plantea nuevas preguntas sobre la autonomía personal, vinculadas con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y los universitarios, relevo generacional educado de un país. Cómo los jóvenes usan estas tecnologías y si estos usos ayudan al florecimiento de su autonomía personal, son dos de las interrogantes principales que guiaron este proyecto. Desde el enfoque del desarrollo humano y la propuesta teórica de las tecnologías en la práctica, se analizaron los datos de una encuesta diacrónica (2015-2020), aplicada a 621 estudiantes de dos universidades públicas de México, del noreste y el centro-occidente, respectivamente. De los hallazgos, se desprende una tipología según los tres perfiles de estudiantes identificados, donde se considera la adopción de estas tecnologías, al mismo tiempo que se visibiliza la mediación que tienen los padres en su desarrollo de capacidades educativas. Asimismo, se proponen tres variables relativas a la categoría autonomía personal, según las potencialidades y contextos de estos jóvenes. Se concluye que si bien el uso de las TIC es fuertemente promulgado por las instituciones educativas – condicionado por las estructuras y herramientas digitales que posean–, este no contribuye a un florecimiento relevante de la autonomía personal de los universitarios.