gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of electronic-reliability prediction models (1999)

One of the most controversial procedures in reliability is the use of reliability prediction techniques based on component failure data to estimate system failure rates. The International Electronics Reliability Institute (IERI) at Loughborough University is in a unique position. Over many years, much reliability information has been collected from leading British and Danish electronic manufacturing companies. These data are of such high quality that IERI can perform the comparison exercise with many circuit boards (CB) of different types. Several CB were selected from the IERI field-failure database and their reliability was predicted and compared with the observed field-performance. The prediction techniques were based on the: M217E [US Mil-Hdbk-217E]; HRD4; Siemens (SN29500); CNET; and Bellcore (TR-TSY-000332) models. For each model, the associated published failure rates were used. Hence, parts count analyses were performed on several CB from the database; these analyses were compared with the field failure rate. The prediction values differ greatly from the observed field behavior and from each other. Further analysis showed that each prediction model was sensitive to widely different physical parameters. The results are summarized. Some of the models are more sensitive to a factor that varies according to an Arrhenius model, such as temperature and electrical stress, while others are more sensitive to the discrete /spl pi/ factors used to model environment and quality.
A chart for the energy levels of the square quantum well (2016)

A chart for the quantum mechanics of a particle of mass $m$ in a one-dimensional potential well of width $w$ and depth $V_0$ is derived. The chart is obtained by normalizing energy and potential through multiplication by ${8 m}{w^2} / h^2$, and gives directly the allowed couples (potential, energy), providing insights on the relation between the parameters and the number of allowed energy levels.
Facile synthesis of oxygen-deficient nano-TiO2coordinated by acetate ligands for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance (2020)

Surface oxygen vacancy defects and acetate ligands can synergistically enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>for phenol degradation.
Synthesis and biological activity of O56-substituted carboxyesters and carboxamides of teicoplanin aglycone. (1992)

A series of O56-substituted carboxyester or carboxyamide derivatives of deglucoteicoplanin (TD) was prepared by condensation of the 56-hydroxyl function with various alkylating agents of general formula RBr, where R represents functional groups with different physico-chemical properties. The modifications at position 56 influenced the antimicrobial activity of the new derivatives; activity depended on the structure of various R groups, their ionic properties, and their steric hindrance. The activity of the new compounds did not show any significant improvement when compared with TD. The physico-chemical and antibacterial properties of the synthesized compounds are reported.
Fruits are rich in antioxidants and ripe for topical therapy (2009)

Fruits show diverse antioxidant activity in vitro and upon topical use in vivo. Studies have focused on antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced signaling cascades. However, there has been little study regarding activity against reactive nitrogen or carbonyl species. Fruits may serve as a versatile source of antioxidants that can be harnessed for topical use. Several studies have shown efficacy in human in vivo studies and future studies will elucidate the versatility and clinical use of fruit extracts.
Cervical disc herniation presenting as a mass lesion posterior to the odontoid process (1991)

The authors report two cases of herniated intervertebral disc presenting as a mass posterior to the odontoid process and causing myelopathy in previously healthy elderly women. The differential diagnosis of a mass at the craniovertebral junction is reviewed, and the implications of these cases are discussed.
Synthetic Studies in Phytochrome Chemistry. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of turbo equalization in PPC underwater acoustic communication (2013)

In this paper, an iterative channel equalization and decoding technique are introduced to improve the performance of passive phase conjugation (PPC) based underwater acoustic communication system. The PPC processor can realize pulse compression reducing the computational burden of equalizer. The turbo equalizer is applied to existing PPC underwater communication structure (PPC-TEQ). Moreover, an adaptive combiner based on MMSE criteria (Adap-PPC-TEQ) is introduced to further improve the system performance. Further more, the adaptive combiner can form a new multi-channel equalizer structure with fewer sub-channels (Adap-PPC-Multi-TEQ) which provides a trade-off between performance and complexity. The turbo equalizer is implemented in a direct adaptive manner to track slow envelop variation while a digital phase lock loop (DPLL) is used for tracking fast phase variation. These three different receiver structures are demonstrated by field experiment conducted at Trondheim Fjord, Norway. An error free coded data transmission at 4 kb/s for a range of 7.4 km is achieved.
A Rapid Detection Method for the Ryanodine Receptor 1 (C7360G) Mutation in Quarter Horses (2009)

Malignant hyperthermia in Quarter Horses can be rapidly and accurately detected by RT-PCR melting curve genotyping with hybridization probes.
Evidence for a Role of Vasopressin in the Control of Aldosterone Secretion in Primary Aldosteronism:in Vitroandin VivoStudies (2006)

The present study indicates that functional V(1a) receptors are present in APA and suggests that AVP may exert an autocrine/paracrine control of aldosterone secretion in APA tissues.
Efficient Parameter Transcoding Scheme for Interactive Spatial Audio Communication. (2010)

Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) is a well-proven technique for recording spatial sound and efficiently coding it into one or very few audio channels accompanied by parametric side information. Therefore, it is suited for teleconferencing featuring spatial rendering of distributed sources. In teleconferences with more than two attending parties, additional rendering capabilities are desired to (a) spatially distribute each party for better intelligibility of single speakers especially in situations of multiple active sources, (b) adjust levels of individual sources to the requirements of given listening preferences, and to (c) align acoustic with visual cues. MPEG Spatial Audio Object Coding (SAOC) provides this required functionality. Originally, SAOC was designed for having single separated audio objects, i.e., their signals as inputs. In this contribution we propose {DirAC} in acoustic front-end processing for SAOC, where directional filtering in DirAC's parameter domain is used to separate single sources from an acoustic mixture. The paper presents a close look at an efficient transcoding of the parameters of the two considered techniques.
A Narrow pH Range Supports Butanol, Hexanol, and Octanol Production from Syngas in a Continuous Co-culture of Clostridium ljungdahlii and Clostridium kluyveri with In-Line Product Extraction (2016)

Carboxydotrophic bacteria (CTB) have received attention due to their ability to synthesize commodity chemicals from producer gas and synthesis gas (syngas). CTB have an important advantage of a high product selectivity compared to chemical catalysts. However, the product spectrum of wild-type CTB is narrow. Our objective was to investigate whether a strategy of combining two wild-type bacterial strains into a single, continuously fed bioprocessing step would be promising to broaden the product spectrum. Here, we have operated a syngas-fermentation process with <i>Clostridium ljungdahlii</i> and <i>Clostridium kluyveri</i> with in-line product extraction through gas stripping and product condensing within the syngas recirculation line. The main products from <i>C. ljungdahlii</i> fermentation at a pH of 6.0 were ethanol and acetate at net volumetric production rates of 65.5 and 431 mmol C·L<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. An estimated 2/3 of total ethanol produced was utilized by <i>C. kluyveri</i> to chain elongate with the reverse β-oxidation pathway, resulting in <i>n</i>-butyrate and <i>n</i>-caproate at net rates of 129 and 70 mmol C·L<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. <i>C. ljungdahlii</i> likely reduced the produced carboxylates to their corresponding alcohols with the reductive power from syngas. This resulted in the longer-chain alcohols <i>n</i>-butanol, <i>n</i>-hexanol, and <i>n</i>-octanol at net volumetric production rates of 39.2, 31.7, and 0.045 mmol C·L<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The continuous production of the longer-chain alcohols occurred only within a narrow pH spectrum of 5.7-6.4 due to the pH discrepancy between the two strains. Regardless whether other wild-type strains could overcome this pH discrepancy, the specificity (mol carbon in product per mol carbon in all other liquid products) for each longer-chain alcohol may never be high in a single bioprocessing step. This, because two bioprocesses compete for intermediates (i.e., carboxylates): (1) chain elongation; and (2) biological reduction. This innate competition resulted in a mixture of <i>n</i>-butanol and <i>n</i>-hexanol with traces of <i>n</i>-octanol.
The Advanced Virgo detector (2015)

The Advanced Virgo interferometer is the upgraded version of the Virgo detector having the goal to extend by a factor 10 the observation horizon in the universe and consequently increase the detection rate by three orders of magnitude. Its installation is in progress and is expected to be completed in late 2015. In this proceeding we will present the scheme and the main challenging technical features of the detector and we will give an outline of the installation status and the foreseen time schedule which will bring Advanced Virgo to its full operation.
Evidence for Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid ERK1/2 Levels in Alzheimer Dementia (2011)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 33 patients with Alzheimer dementia (AD), 21 patients with mild cognitive impairment who converted to AD during followup (MCI-AD), 25 patients with stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI-stable), and 16 nondemented subjects (ND) were analyzed with a chemiluminescence immunoassay to assess the levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2). The results were evaluated in relation to total Tau (tTau), phosphorylated Tau (pTau), and beta-amyloid 42 peptide (Aβ42). CSF-ERK1/2 was significantly increased in the AD group as compared to stable MCI patients and the ND group. Western blot analysis of a pooled cerebrospinal fluid sample revealed that both isoforms, ERK1 and ERK2, and low amounts of doubly phosphorylated ERK2 were detectable. As a predictive diagnostic AD biomarker, CSF-ERK1/2 was inferior to tTau, pTau, and Aβ42.
Temperature Sensor Using Quartz Tuning Fork Resonator (1987)

This paper describes the development of temperature sensor based on a temperature-sensitive quartz “tuning fork” resonator. The resonator was fabricated using photolithography and anisotropic etching. The optimum cut of the crystal and optimum resonator orientation on the wafer were determined-taking into account the anisotropic etching properties of the crystal-to give a large temperature coefficient of frequency consistent with small equivalent series resistance.The tuning fork temperature sensor operates over a wide range of temperature (from 4.2K to 250°C). After the temperature sensor was cycled between 0°C and 4.2K, hysteresis in the temperature characteristic was only within 0.005K at 0°C. The time constant of thermal response is about 0.9s. The quartz temperature sensor is quite compact-it is mounted in a hermetic case only 3mm in diameter.
Phase 0 Clinical Studies (2016)

The evolution that has taken place in medicinal chemistry practice as a result of major advances in genomics and molecular biology arising from the Human Genome Project has carried with it an extensive additional working vocabulary that has become both integrated and essential terminology for the medicinal chemist. Some of this augmented terminology has been adopted from the many related and interlocked scientific disciplines with which the modern medicinal chemist must be conversant, but many other terms have been introduced to define new concepts and ideas as they have arisen. In this supplementary Glossary, we have attempted to collate and define many of the additional terms that are now considered to be essential components of the medicinal chemist’s expanded repertoire.
Rapid quantitation of serum immunoglobulins with a miniature centrifugal analyzer. (1982)

For these quantitative turbidimetric assays for immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM in serum, the reagents used are commercially available in kit form. The two-point assays are performed with a miniature centrifugal analyzer (GEMENI, Electro-Nucleonics, Inc.). The reading taken 5 s after mixing is used to correct for specimen turbidity. Run-to-run precision (CV) was typically 5% (range: 3.0-8.7%). Excellent correlation with radial immunodiffusion was observed for each test (r greater than 0.98 for each test). The dynamic range of each test extends above and below the reference-interval ranges.
Ionic liquids via reaction of the zwitterionic 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate with protic acids. Overcoming synthetic limitations and establishing new halide free protocols for the formation of ILs (2006)

The previously reported preparation of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium salts by the reaction of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium-2-carboxylate zwitterions with protic acids has been reinvestigated in detail, leading to the identification of two competing reactions: isomerisation and decarboxylation. The ability to control both pathways allows this methodology to be used as an effective, green, waste-free approach to readily prepare a wide range of ionic liquids in high yields. Additionally, this reaction protocol opens new possibilities in the formation of other imidazolium salts, whose syntheses were previously either very expensive (due to ion exchange protocols involving metals like Ag) or difficult to achieve (due to multiple extractions and large quantities of hard to remove inorganic by-products).
Ultra-low-power biomedical circuit design and optimization: Catching the don't cares (2014)

To reduce healthcare cost while simultaneously delivering high-quality health services, developing new portable and/or implantable biomedical devices is of great importance for both health monitoring and clinical treatment. In this paper, we describe a radically new design framework for ultra-low-power biomedical circuit design and optimization. The proposed framework seamlessly integrates data processing algorithms and their customized ASIC implementations for co-optimization. The efficacy of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a case study of brain computer interfaces (BCIs).
A Metasurface-Based Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems (2020)

This paper presents the design and realization of a metasurface-based low-profile wideband Circularly Polarized (CP) patch antenna with high performance for Fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna consists of a modified patch, sandwiched between an array of 4 x 4 symmetrical square ring Metasurface (MTS) and a ground plane. Initially, the intrinsic narrow bandwidth of the conventional patch antenna is increased using a diagonal rectangular slot. For further performance enhancement, the additional resonances and CP radiations are achieved for wideband operation in terms of impedance and Axial Ratio (AR) by effective excitation of surface waves propagating along the MTS. The stacking of MTS on the modified patch without any air gap resulted in an overall compact size of 1.1λ0x 1.1λ0 x 0.093λ0. Simulated and measured results show that the MTS-based antenna offers a wide impedance bandwidth ranging from 24 - 34.1 GHz (34.7%) for |S11| <; -10 with a maximum gain of 11 dBic and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 24.1 - 29.5 GHz (20.1 %). Moreover, the proposed antenna has a smooth gain response with a small variation in its gain (9.5 - 11 dBic) and a stable left-hand CP radiation in the desired frequency range. The operating bandwidth of this antenna is covering the proposed entire global millimeter-wave spectrum (24.2 - 29.5 GHz) for 5G communication systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATION CODE FOR A COOL-DOWN PROCESS OF THE CRYOGENIC HYDROGEN SYSTEM (2010)

Supercritical hydrogen with a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a temperature of 20 K has been selected as a moderator material in an intense spallation neutron source (JSNS), which is one of main experimental facilities in J‐PARC. The cryogenic hydrogen system, in which a hydrogen circulation system is cooled by a helium refrigerator with the refrigeration power of 6.45 kW at 15.5 K, has been designed to provide the supercritical hydrogen to the moderator and to remove the nuclear heating generated there. In this study, we have developed a simulation code that predicts temperature behaviors in the hydrogen circulation system during its cool‐down process. Cool‐down process analyses have been performed, and an operational method for the cool‐down process has been studied. The analytical results indicate that the hydrogen circulation system would be able to be cooled down to 18 K within 19 hours.
Search for Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) including 0157: H7 strains in and around Kolkata. (2010)

The study showed PCR to be more sensitive than hybridization technique for detection of STEC.
A multiple phase partial scan design method (2002)

Partial scan design is divided into two stages: (1) critical cycle breaking, and (2) partial scan flip-flop selection with respect to conflict resolution. A multiple phase partial scan design method is introduced by combining circuit state information and conflict analysis. Critical cycles are broken using a combination of valid circuit state information and conflict analysis. It is quite cost-effective to obtain circuit state information via logic simulation, therefore, circuit state information is iteratively updated after a given number of partial scan flip-flops have been selected. Valid-state-based analysis may become ineffective to select scan flip-flops when cycles remaining in the circuit are not influential to testability. The method turns to the conflict resolution process using an intensive conflict-analysis-based testability measure of conflict. Sufficient experimental results are presented.
Evaluating the Cost for Robotic vs “Non-Robotic” Transhiatal Esophagectomy (2021)

Patients were predominantly older overweight men who had adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The robotic approach had increased operative time and minimal blood loss. More than a fourth of operations included concomitant procedures. Patients were discharged approximately one week after THE. Overall, the robotic approach has no apparent significant differences in charges, cost, or profitability.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Heparanase Enhances Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance by Promoting Autophagy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Heparanase enhances autophagy.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of speaker, token, and noise variability on the perception of vowels in noise (1994)

In tests of speech perception, performance decreases when the stimulus set consists of multiple speakers compared to single-speaker sets [e.g., Mullenix etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 365–378 (1989)]. Similarly, given a single speaker, performance decreases when the stimulus set consists of multiple tokens compared to single-token sets [e.g., Reed etal., J. Rehab. Res. Dev. 28, 67–82 (1991)]. This experiment examined the effect on speech perception when stimulus sets consisted of both multiple speakers and multiple tokens. Listeners identified nine vowels in /bVt/ context masked by noise at a constant instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio. One set of stimuli consisted of three speakers, each producing three tokens. Another set consisted of three speakers, each producing one token, with three different noise samples masking each token. In the baseline conditions, the sets were randomly ordered. In the experimental conditions, the sets were blocked by token, by speaker or noise, or by both token and speaker or token and noise. Averaged across listeners, the effect of token and speaker variability were additive, as were the effects of token and noise variability. However, individual listeners did not always show additivity of variability effects. [Work supported by NIH.]
Characterization of calcium binding to brain spectrin. (1992)

Brain spectrin alpha and beta chains bind 45Ca2+, as shown by the calcium overlay method. Flow dialysis measurements revealed eight high affinity binding sites/tetramer that comprise two binding components (determined by nonlinear regression analysis). The first component has one or two sites (kd = 2-30 x 10(-8) M), depending on the ionic strength of the binding buffer, with the remaining high affinity sites in the second component (kd = 1-3 x 10(-6) M). In addition, there is a variable, low affinity binding component (n = 100-400, kd = 1-2 x 10(-4) M). Magnesium inhibits calcium binding to the low affinity sites with a K1 = 1.21 mM. Proteolytic fragments from trypsin or chymotrypsin digests of brain spectrin bind 45Ca2+ if they include alpha domain IV, alpha domain III, or the amino-terminal half of the beta chain (but more than 25 kDa from the amino-terminal). These data suggest that calcium ions bind with high affinity to the putative EF-hands in alpha domain IV and to one site in the amino-terminal half of the beta chain that is associated with alpha domain IV in the native dimer. The localization is consistent with a direct calcium modulation of the spectrin-actin-protein 4.1 interaction. In addition, there appears to be one high affinity site near the hypersensitive region of alpha brain spectrin. All four proposed binding sites occur near probable calmodulin-binding or calcium-dependent protease cleavage sites.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-5, Tables 1-2 from miR-21: An Androgen Receptor–Regulated MicroRNA that Promotes Hormone-Dependent and Hormone-Independent Prostate Cancer Growth (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-5, Tables 1-2 from miR-21: An Androgen Receptor–Regulated MicroRNA that Promotes Hormone-Dependent and Hormone-Independent Prostate Cancer Growth
KTO-7924, a Beta3-adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Reduces Hyperglycemia, and Protects Beta-cells in the Islets of Langerhans of db/db Mice (2010)

After a 28-day oral administration period, plasma levels of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, glucose, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were all significantly reduced in KTO-7924 treatment groups compared with controls. Plasma adiponectin levels decreased with age in the control group, but were significantly higher in a treatment group throughout the study period. Furthermore, sequential administration of KTO-7924 led to an improvement in insulin resistance in the OGTT (Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)), and an increase in the percentage of insulin-positive areas among beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans compared with controls. This is the first study to show islet histology after treatment of a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, and reveals that KTO-7924 reduces hyperglycemia, and protects beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans of db/db mice.