gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of temperature gradients in multianvil assemblies using spinel layer growth kinetics (2003)

We present an empirical equation to link the thickness of a MgAl 2 O 4 spinel layer growing at the interface between MgO and Al 2 O 3 multianvil high‐pressure assembly pieces to pressure ( P ), temperature ( T ), and time ( t ), extending the recent study of Watson et al. [2002] to the pressure range 6–16 GPa and temperature range 1673–2273 K. For the spinel thickness Δ X we obtain urn:x-wiley:15252027:media:ggge349:ggge349-math-0001 This equation can be used to assess the thermal gradient in any multianvil assembly where MgO and Al 2 O 3 filler pieces are in contact at P ‐ T conditions within the MgAl 2 O 4 spinel stability field. As an illustration, we show that the central hot spot, in which temperatures can be considered constant, is close to 1 mm long in a common octahedral multianvil assembly with 8 mm edge length and rhenium furnace, while it extends to 3 mm long in an octahedron with 18 mm edge length using a straight graphite heating element. In addition, we present the results of a spinel growth experiment performed at 2273 K and 15 GPa with 18 O enriched MgO, which shows that oxygen is mobile at a length scale exceeding that of the spinel layer. This finding raises the possibility that under some circumstances growth of spinel (and of reaction‐product layers in other oxide systems) might be accomplished by concurrent fluxes of oxygen and cations. This “mobile oxygen” model differs from the more conventional Mg‐Al exchange model proposed by Watson and Price [2002] for the lower‐pressure experiments and might explain the observed differences in systematics between the high‐ and low‐pressure data sets.
Ionization Detectors for Gas Chromatography (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonization Detectors for Gas ChromatographyP. H. Stirling and Henry HoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 11, 61A–64APublication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online18 May 2012Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i650611a749https://doi.org/10.1021/i650611a749research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1960 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
MEDORA DURUM WHEAT (1986)

Medora durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Winnipeg from the cross Ward/Macoun. It is a medium short, strong-strawed cultivar, well adapted across the Prairie Provinces. Medora is resistant to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, and bunt; it has excellent pasta-making quality.Key words: Cultivar description, durum wheat, Triticum turgidum L.
Protective effects of glycine during hypothermic renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (1991)

The objective of this investigation was to test the effects of glycine, a cytoprotectant in normothermic in vitro models of renal ischemia, in a model of hypothermic renal preservation injury. This study also probes possible physiological mechanisms of glycine protection during renal hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Canine kidneys were subjected to 48 h of hypothermic ischemia (4 degrees C) after intravascular flush with cold conventional Collins solution (G. H. Collins, M. B. Bravo-Shugarman, and P. I. Terasaki, Lancet 2: 1219-1223, 1969) and were subsequently revascularized for 1 h. After 1 h of reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate, urine production, and electrolyte excretion were dramatically higher when the Collins flush contained 5 mM glycine, compared with the 0 mM glycine controls. Renal tissue adenine nucleotides and glutathione levels progressively declined with graded cold ischemia times, and glycine had no effect on these levels. However, renal tissue ATP levels (but not glutathione) were significantly higher when kidneys were flushed with glycine, stored for 48 h, and reoxygenated in vitro for 1 h at 37 degrees C, compared with kidneys flushed without glycine. Analysis of CoA esters from ischemic renal tissue indicated altered production of only butyryl CoA after 48 and 72 h of cold ischemia, but no differences were detected in glycine or control kidneys. In conclusion, this study reports dramatic functional preservation with glycine in kidneys subjected to hypothermic ischemia and in vivo reperfusion. The mechanisms of these effects appear not to be attributable to the maintenance of cellular adenine nucleotide or glutathione levels nor to the scavenging of accumulated amphipathic acyl CoA esters.
Blood Glutathione S-Transferase-π as a Time Indicator of Stroke Onset (2012)

This study demonstrates that GST-π can accurately predict the time of stroke onset in over 50% of early stroke patients. The GST-π test could therefore complement current guidelines for tPA administration and potentially increase the number of patients accessing thrombolysis.
Inoculation of somatic embryos of sweet potato with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus improves embryo survival and plantlet formation (2000)

Responses of somatic embryos of sweet potato (Ipomoea batata (L.) Poir., cv. White Star) at different developmental stages to in vitro inoculation with Glomus etunicatum (Becker and Gerdemann) (isolate INVAM FL329) were evaluated. Somatic embryos were grown in glass tubes containing sterilized vermiculite and sand. A layer of natrosol plus White's medium was used as a carrier for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores. Survival of embryos inoculated with AM fungi was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of noninoculated embryos at the rooted-cotyledonary-torpedo and rooted-elongated-torpedo developmental stages. Mycorrhizae significantly (P < 0.05) increased plantlet formation only when inoculation occurred at the rooted-elongated-torpedo developmental stage. The growth stage at which the embryos were inserted into the glass tubes exerted a significant influence upon plantlet formation, and plantlet formation was further enhanced by inoculation with G. etunicatum. Plantlet formation was greatest at the rooted-elongated-torpedo stage. These results demonstrate that inoculation of somatic embryos with AM fungi improves embryo survival and plantlet formation, and could enhance use of somatic embryos as synthetic seeds.
ChemInform Abstract: An ab initio Molecular Orbital Study on the Magnesium Controlled 1,3‐Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides and Allylic Alcohols with Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 2 from High Phospho-Stathmin(Serine38) Expression Identifies Aggressive Endometrial Cancer and Suggests an Association with PI3K Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 40K, Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression data from endometrial carcinoma. The pStathmin(S38) high cases are significantly overrepresented in two of the clusters with aggressive tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Targeted tracer kinetic modeling improves the accuracy of fluorescence-guided surgery in a rat glioblastoma multiforme model (2014)

A fluorescence-guided surgery method is presented using tracer kinetics to exploit contrast in differential molecular expression of EGFR in glioblastoma multiform. Results suggest kinetic analysis can improve resection over traditional intensity FGS.
DNA Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrathin Atomic Layer Deposition of High κ Dielectrics for Nanotube Transistors with 60 mV/Decade Switching (2006)

For single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field effect transistors, vertical scaling of high kappa dielectrics by atomic layer deposition (ALD) currently stands at approximately 8 nm with a subthreshold swing S approximately 70-90 mV/decade at room temperature. ALD on as-grown pristine SWNTs is incapable of producing a uniform and conformal dielectric layer due to the lack of functional groups on nanotubes and because nucleation of an oxide dielectric layer in the ALD process hinges upon covalent chemisorption on reactive groups on surfaces. Here, we show that by noncovalent functionalization of SWNTs with poly-T DNA molecules (dT40-DNA), one can impart functional groups of sufficient density and stability for uniform and conformal ALD of high kappa dielectrics on SWNTs with thickness down to 2-3 nm. This enables approaching the ultimate vertical scaling limit of nanotube FETs and reliably achieving S approximately 60 mV/decade at room temperature, and S approximately 50 mV/decade in the band-to-band tunneling regime of ambipolar transport. We have also carried out microscopy investigations to understand ALD processes on SWNTs with and without DNA functionalization.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A: Unified Strategy for the B, E, G, and J Subunits (2009)

Brevetoxin A is a decacyclic ladder toxin that possesses 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-membered oxacycles, as well as 22 tetrahedral stereocenters. Herein, we describe a unified approach to the B, E, G, and J rings based upon a ring-closing metathesis strategy from the corresponding dienes. The enolate technologies developed in our laboratory allowed access to the precursor acyclic dienes for the B, E, and G medium-ring ethers. The strategies developed for the syntheses of these four monocycles ultimately provided multigram quantities of each of the rings, supporting our efforts toward the completion of a convergent synthesis of brevetoxin A.
Multirate Multicasting With Intralayer Network Coding (2012)

Multirate multicasting is a generalization of single-rate multicasting to prevent destinations with good connections from being limited by the capacity of bottleneck connections. While multirate multicasting has been traditionally performed over fixed trees, advances in network coding theory have enabled higher throughput and have helped us move beyond the restriction of tree structures for routing the multicast data. In this paper, we address the questions of optimal rate allocation and low-complexity network coding solutions to the problem of multirate multicasting in general multihop networks. Our work considers intralayer network coding capabilities, where the session is conceptually divided into layers optimally and coding is performed across packets belonging to the same layer. Our approach differs from earlier works in this domain in its separation of the problem into rate allocation and content distribution items, which allows a number of optimization and graphical techniques in their solution. Noting the complexities involved in the optimal rate allocation and content distribution solutions, we then propose and investigate two novel approaches for reducing the complexity of the original scheme for more practical implementation based on a layered multicasting mechanism and nested optimization approach. We demonstrate the implementation advantages of these low-complexity schemes via extensive numerical studies.
The effect of an intramedullary self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) implant on growing bone with special reference to fixation properties. An experimental study on growing rabbits (1992)

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a synthetic biodegradable material. The self-reinforced implants made of poly-L-lactic acid (SR-PLLA) were manufactured of biodegradable polymeric matrix reinforced with fibres of the same material. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of an intramedullary SR-PLLA implant on growing bone and its applicability to the fixation of a femoral shaft osteotomy in a growing rabbit. In seven rabbits 6 weeks of age a SR-PLLA implant 2.0 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length was introduced into the intramedullary cavity of the right femur. A proximal femoral shaft osteotomy of the right femur was made in another ten 6-weeks-old rabbits. After accurate reduction, fixation of the osteotomy was achieved with an intramedullary 2.0 mm by 50 mm SR-PLLA-rod. The follow-up times were 6 and 28 weeks. An intramedullary SR-PLLA-rod neither caused any disturbance of the bone growth nor abnormalities of the peripheral blood cell counts. Solid union of the osteotomy was seen in six weeks after fixation with SR-PLLA implant.
Synthesis, Optical Resolution and Complexation Properties of Inherently Chiral Monoalkylated p-tert-Butyl-(1,2)-calix[4]crown Ethers (1997)

Reaction of mono-O-alkylated calix[4]arenes 2 with tri- to pentaethylene glycol ditosylates and K(2)CO(3) affords asymmetrical (1,2)-calix[4]crown ether derivatives 3 as the main product, along with minor amounts of calix[4]arene dimers 4 and mixed syn-distal di-O-alkylated calix[4]arenes 5. A reaction mechanism for the formation of 3-5 is proposed, and the NMR spectral features of these products are briefly discussed. Evidence of the chirality of 3 was provided by diastereomeric interaction with enantiopure alkylammonium salts. The enantiomeric resolution of racemates 3 was achieved by direct HPLC separation, using chiral stationary phases. A screening of the complexing abilities of pyridino-(1,2)-calix[4]crown ethers 3a-c by extraction studies from water into CH(2)Cl(2) showed a low extraction level of alkali, alkaline earth, and heavy metal picrates, while up to 25% extraction was found for Ag(+). UV and pH-metric measurements of 3a-c with silver picrate in THF indicate the formation of 1:1:1 (metal:ligand:picrate) species, with log K's in the range 3.1-3.7.
Influence of chronic volume overload-induced atrial remodeling on electrophysiological responses to cholinergic receptor stimulation in the isolated rat atria (2018)

Whereas molecular mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been widely investigated, there is limited information regarding interrelation between chronic volume overload and parasympathetic nervous system in the pathophysiology of AF. In this study, we investigated the influence of abdominal aorto-venocaval shunt (AVS)-induced atrial remodeling on electrophysiological responses to cholinergic receptor stimulation in the isolated rat atria. Interstitial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and atrial enlargement, known as structural arrhythmogenic substrates for AF, took place after one month of AVS operation. Carbachol at 0.1 and 1 μM shortened the effective refractory period, acting as functional arrhythmogenic substrates, but increased the conduction velocity both in the atria of the sham-operated and AVS rats. The extents of the electrophysiological responses to carbachol in the atria of the AVS rat were greater than those in the sham-operated ones. Also, the higher inducibility and longer duration of carbachol-mediated AF were detected in the AVS atria than those in the sham-operated ones. These results showed that chronic volume overload-induced atrial remodeling promoted electrophysiological responses to cholinergic receptor stimulation in the isolated atria of rats, suggesting possible synergistic actions between structural arrhythmogenic substrate in the remodeled atria and functional arrhythmogenic substrates modulated by parasympathetic nerve activity.
Afghanistan: the politics of post-war reconstruction (2002)

Post-war reconstruction has become a dominant feature of Western political discourse and a key policy concern since the 1990s. While there is an acute need for informed debate between political scientists and practitioners engaged in such activity, this requirement is often ignored. From a practical perspective, most post-war reconstruction initiatives have, in recent years, been mired by lack of donor support or by no reduction in the dangers that were present prior to the outbreak of violence. Using Afghanistan as a case study, this article seeks primarily to advance policy thinking on what has become known in the literature as ‘state building’. Based on a theoretical and empirical examination, it attempts to assess the political future of Afghanistan following international involvement in the country over the past year. Most importantly, it highlights that the reconstruction of Afghanistan is dependent on developing a new political culture and a new way of thinking among the citizenry that ranks compromise over con?ict. More generally, the paper concludes that contemporary approaches to post-war reconstruction have been depressingly limited in their results.
Carbon Deposition Behavior in Methane Stream on Nickel Based Anode in SOFCs Operated at 1073 K (2008)

We examined the carbon deposition behavior on a nickel-based anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operated at 1073 K under dry or humidified methane (CH4) stream conditions, by observing the anode microstructures, open circuit voltages (OCVs) and anode/electrolyte interfacial resistance. When the measurement was made in the dry methane stream, the OCV gradually decreased and the interfacial resistance increased, with carbon deposition on the whole anode. In a humidified methane stream with a steam/carbon ratio (S/C) of 0.25 or 0.50, the OCV gradually decreased while the interfacial resistance was nearly constant and there was no carbon deposition near the anode/electrolyte interface. It is shown that the OCV decrease under the humidified methane conditions is associated with the decrease in the reaction sites for steam reforming. It is expected that the OCV decrease is an indication of carbon deposition.
The Efficacy of Serpens spp bacterin combined with topical administration of lincomycin hydrochloride for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis (footwarts) in cows on a dairy in California (2019)

The objective of this prospective, randomized field trial was to determine if a Serpens spp bacterin had a therapeutic effect on cows with active lesions of papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) before or in combination with treatment with topical lincomycin HCl on a California dairy. Fifty-nine lactating cows with active, painful PDD were randomly assigned to control (not vaccinated) and vaccinated groups. Lesions of the rear feet were evaluated for pain response, color, size, and lesion scores at each of the examinations. Cows in the vaccinated group were vaccinated 3 times with a Serpens spp bacterin (days 1, 14, 43). All cows were restrained on a hydraulic tilt table at approximately day 30 and, after examination, all lesions were treated with a slurry containing 3.2 g of lincomycin mixed with 3 ml of deionized water. The slurry was applied to cotton gauze and held in place with an elastic bandage. Bandages were allowed to wear off. Lesions were re-examined while cows were locked in stanchions at approximately days 50 and 70 and while restrained on the hydraulic tilt table on approximately day 110. Lesions improved on all cows during the course of the trial. Lesion and size scores were improved for control and vaccinated cows on days 50, 70, and 110. Pain response and color scores improved on days 50 and 70 but showed evidence of recurrence or recrudescence by day 110. There were no significant differences in evaluated scores between control and vaccinated cows at any of the examination times. When affected cows were re-examined at day 110, recurrence or recrudescence of lesions was evident in 41% of the control cows and 45% of the vaccinated cows. Vaccination of PDD affected cows with Serpens spp bacterin had no apparent effect on clinical outcome.
Multiscale System Modeling of Single Event Induced Faults in Advanced Node Processors. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Longer term follow-up of the randomized phase III trial SWOG S0777: bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone vs. lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients (Pts) with previously untreated multiple myeloma without an intent for immediate autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (2020)

SWOG S0777, a randomized phase III trial, compared bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd) with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd). This updated analysis includes 460 patients evaluable for survival endpoints: 225 eligible and analyzable patients were randomized to Rd and 235 to VRd. The 6-month induction was six 28-day cycles of Rd and eight 21-day cycles of VRd followed by Rd maintenance for all patients. Median follow up is 84 months. Median PFS is 41 months for VRd and 29 months for Rd: stratified hazard ratio (96% Wald Confidence Interval) was 0.742 (0.594, 0.928) and one-sided stratified log-rank P-value 0.003. Median OS for VRd is still not reached with median OS for Rd being 69 months: stratified hazard ratio (96% Wald Confidence Interval) was 0.709 (0.543, 0.926) and stratified two-sided P-value was 0.0114. Both PFS and OS were improved with VRd versus Rd adjusting for age (P-values: 0.013 [PFS]; 0.033 [OS])). Median duration of Rd maintenance was 17.1 months. The addition of bortezomib to lenalidomide dexamethasone for induction therapy results in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS as well as better OS. VRd continues to represent an appropriate standard of care irrespective of age.
PHOSPHONIUMHALOGENIDE MIT DER N,N′,N′-TRIMETHYLETHYLENDIAMINGRUPPIERUNG (1992)

Abstract The reaction of the alkyl- and aryl- substituted halophosphonium halides 2 and 4 with N-trimethylsilyl-N,N′,N′-trimethylethylenediamine 1 furnished compounds 3 and 5. No intramolecular donor-acceptor interaction between the nitrogen atom of the NMe2 grouping and phosphorus was observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. There was no reaction of triisopropyl- and tris-diethylamino-substituted halophosphonium halides with compound 1. Attempts to exchange the halide anion in 3 and 5 by the non-coordinating [BPh4]− anion, possibly inducing intramolecular Me2N → P coordination, failed.
Optimization of Vertical Linear Synchronous Motor for Ropeless Elevator with INGA Method (2010)

Multi-segment Primary Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (MP-PMLSM) drives is investigated in this study for vertical linear transportation applications such as a ropeless elevator. The optimization model of MP-PMLSM is established for various considerations of force ripple, driving force, weight and cost. Single primary unit length and the number of primary units are newly chosen as important design variables due to long segment stator arrangement. An Improved Niche Genetic Algorithm (INGA) using auto-varying cross and mutation probability are proposed and applied for multiple optimal solutions. Furthermore, the optimal designed one is manufactured, and experimented for comparing the results with the calculated ones.