gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fidelity-aware replication for mobile devices (2009)

Mobile devices often store data in reduced resolutions or custom formats in order to accommodate resource constraints and tailor-made software. The Polyjuz framework enables sharing and synchronization of data across a collection of personal devices that use formats of different fidelity. Layered transparently between the application and an off-the-shelf replication platform, Polyjuz bridges the isolated worlds of different data formats. With Polyjuz, data items created or updated on high-fidelity devices-such as laptops and desktops-are automatically replicated onto low-fidelity, mobile devices. Similarly, data items updated on low-fidelity devices are reintegrated with their high-fidelity counterparts, when the application permits it. Polyjuz performs these fidelity reductions and reintegrations as devices exchange data in a peer-to-peer manner, ultimately extending the eventual-consistency guarantee of the underlying replication platform to the multi-fidelity universe.
Thermal Disorder in Finite-Length Carbon Nanowire (2023)

Enhancement in chemisorption is one of the active research areas in carbon materials. To remedy the thermally degraded chemisorption occurring at high temperatures, we report a comprehensive study of kink structures in free-standing monoatomic carbon nanowires upon heating. Our Monte Carlo simulation considers multi-monoatomic carbon chains laterally interacting by van der Waals forces. Our study reveals that carbon nanowires maintain their linearity regardless of chain length at low temperatures, but this is not the case at high temperatures. Disordered kink structure is observed in short carbon chains, especially above the Peierls transition temperature. A severe kink structure may increase the possibility of attaching negatively charged atoms, thereby contributing to the development of next-generation materials for chemisorption at high temperatures. We have also provided an important indication that any physical property of the finite-length carbon chain predicted by ab initio calculation should reconsider the atomic rearrangement due to thermal instability at high temperatures.
Cell surface physicochemistry alters biofilm development ofpseudomonas aeruginosalipopolysaccharide mutants (1998)

The hydrophobic and electrostatic characteristics of bacterial cell surfaces were compared with attachment proclivity and biomass accumulation over time between wildtype Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O6 (possesses A and B band LPS), and three LPS‐deficient mutants, viz. A28 (A+B‐), R5 (A+B‐), and Gt700 (A‐B‐). The hydrophobic character of each serotype was determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and salt‐aggregation, and strains were ranked similarly by each method, viz. R5 ≥ A28 > Gt700 > 06. The anionic characteristics of cell‐surfaces were determined by electrostatic interaction chromatography and by zeta‐potential measurements, and ranked R5 > A28 ≥ Gt700 > 06. Adhesion and biofilm accumulation on stainless steel were significantly different between strains, following the order R5 > A28 >> O6>Gt700. Biofilm rankings were similar on glass, a second hydrophilic substratum. The mutant strains with a strongly hydrophobic character (R5 and A28) demonstrated a significantly greater capacity to form biofilms. These adherent mutants also appeared to have a more anionic cell surface, which may have played a role in biofilm formation on the hydrophilic substrata.
Identification of a potent NAFLD drug candidate for controlling T2DM-mediated inflammation and secondary damage in vitro and in vivo (2022)

Accumulation of glucose/sugar results in the formation of reactive di-carbonyl compounds such as MGO and GO that interact with several amino acids and proteins to form toxic advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Induction of AGEs breakdown can control symptoms and severity in T2DM and other related complications like NAFLD where AGEs are the key players. Therefore, an AGE cross-link breaker has been suggested for preventing the onset/progression of NAFLD. In this study, we reported novel synthetic naphthalene-2-acyl thiazolium derivatives (KHAGs). Among synthesized KHAG derivatives, we observed that a novel KHAG-04, a 1,4-dimethoxynaphthalen-2-acyl thiazolium salt which is an analog of alagebrium, dramatically cleaves MGO/GO-AGE cross-links, and it also inhibited inflammation by lowering the level of nitric oxide production and IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in LPS and/or MGO-AGE-activated macrophage. Moreover, it also reduced FFA and MGO-AGE-induced lipogenesis in Hep-G2 cells. In mice, KHAG-04 significantly reduced the level of glyoxal in the liver, which was induced by DMC. Furthermore, KHAG-04 treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in the NAFLD/T2DM animal model. Novel KHAG-04-mediated induction of AGEs breakdown could be the possible reason for its anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and anti-lipidemic effects in cells and NAFLD in the T2DM animal model, respectively. Further research might explore the pharmacological efficacy and usefulness and consider the ability of this compound in the treatment strategy against various models of NAFLD in T2DM where MGO/GO-AGEs play a key role in the pathogenesis.
Modification of tricyclic antidepressant analgesia by calcium channel blockers. (1993)

The influence of calcium channel blockers (CCB) on the analgesic activity of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) was examined using hot plate (thermal) and writhing (chemical) method. Intraperitoneal injections of TCA, imipramine and amitriptyline or CCB viz: verapamil, nifedipine, nicardipine and cinnarizine per se produced analgesia. The Analgesic effect of TCA was further enhanced by prior treatment with CCB. The increase in TCA analgesia could not be ascribed to unitary mechanism but could possibly be mediated by opioid and/or nonopioid systems. These results clearly provide an evidence that a combination treatment of CCB and TCA may permit reduction of the TCA doses while treating chronic pain of organic origin.
Pipeline Maintenance Planning Based on Quantitative Risk Analysis (1996)

The integrity of aging pipeline systems is a major concern for operating companies. Because maintenance budgets are limited by economic constraints, operators must decide on how to best allocate the available maintenance resources. Optimal resource allocation involves the identification of high risk segments, and the determination of integrity maintenance activities for those segments that will lead to the highest reduction in overall operating risk. To identify high risk segments it is necessary to quantify the probability of line failure and to evaluate the consequences associated with different types of failure. To identify optimal maintenance activities for high risk segments it is also necessary to quantify the reductions in failure probabilities associated with various candidate integrity maintenance activities. Under the sponsorship of a number of pipeline companies and Government Agencies, C-FER has initiated a Joint Industry Program (JIP), to develop quantitative risk-based models and software tools for estimating the current level of operating risk and the risk reduction potential associated with distinct segments of pipe within a pipeline system. The key steps in the methodology are system prioritization and maintenance optimization. At the prioritization stage, segment-specific attributes are processed to provide an estimate of the failure rate for individual segments, and an estimate of the potential consequences of line failure. The failure rates are then combined with the loss potential into a measure of risk, and used to rank segments according to the calculated level of operating risk. At the maintenance optimization stage, a formal decision analysis approach is employed to identify the best maintenance strategy for high risk segments based on a comparison of the costs and risk reductions associated with each available option.
Stereoregulation in cationic polymerization by designed Lewis acids. II. Effects of alkyl vinyl ether structure (2001)

Stereoregulation in the cationic polymerization of various alkyl vinyl ethers was investigated with bis[(2,6-diisopropyl)phenoxy]titanium dichloride (1; catalyst) in conjunction with the HCl adduct of isobutyl vinyl ether as an initiator in n-hexane at −78 °C. The tacticities depended on the substituents of the monomers. Isobutyl and isopropyl vinyl ethers gave highly isotactic polymers (mm = 83%), whereas tert-butyl and n-butyl vinyl ethers resulted in lower isotactic contents (mm ∼ 50%) similar to those for TiCl4, a conventional Lewis acid, thus indicating that the steric bulkiness of the substituents was not the critical factor in stereoregulation. A statistical analysis revealed that the high isospecificity was achieved not by the chain end but by the catalyst 1 or the counteranion derived therefrom. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1060–1066, 2001
Virtual Issue: Wettability Gradient Surfaces (2022)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPrefaceNEXTVirtual Issue: Wettability Gradient SurfacesHeng-Kwong TsaoHeng-Kwong TsaoMore by Heng-Kwong Tsaohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-8657 and Gilbert C. WalkerGilbert C. WalkerMore by Gilbert C. Walkerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-5498Cite this: Langmuir 2022, 38, 2, 603–604Publication Date (Web):January 18, 2022Publication History Received3 November 2021Published online18 January 2022Published inissue 18 January 2022https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02940https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02940editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © Published 2022 by American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1481Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Condensation,Diagnostic imaging,Heat transfer,Liquids,Wetting Get e-Alerts
Failed "nonaccelerating" models of prokaryote gene regulatory networks (2003)

Much current network analysis is predicated on the assumption that important biological networks will either possess scale free or exponential statistics which are independent of network size allowing unconstrained network growth over time. In this paper, we demonstrate that such network growth models are unable to explain recent comparative genomics results on the growth of prokaryote regulatory gene networks as a function of gene number. This failure largely results as prokaryote regulatory gene networks are "accelerating" and have total link numbers growing faster than linearly with network size and so can exhibit transitions from stationary to nonstationary statistics and from random to scale-free to regular statistics at particular critical network sizes. In the limit, these networks can undergo transitions so marked as to constrain network sizes to be below some critical value. This is of interest as the regulatory gene networks of single celled prokaryotes are indeed characterized by an accelerating quadratic growth with gene count and are size constrained to be less than about 10,000 genes encoded in DNA sequence of less than about 10 megabases. We develop two "nonaccelerating" network models of prokaryote regulatory gene networks in an endeavor to match observation and demonstrate that these approaches fail to reproduce observed statistics.
Role of scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases (2013)

Scavenger receptors comprise a large family of structurally diverse proteins that are involved in many homeostatic functions. They recognize a wide range of ligands, from pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to endogenous, as well as modified host-derived molecules (DAMPs). The liver deals with blood micro-organisms and DAMPs released from injured organs, thus performing vital metabolic and clearance functions that require the uptake of nutrients and toxins. Many liver cell types, including hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, express scavenger receptors that play key roles in hepatitis C virus entry, lipid uptake, and macrophage activation, among others. Chronic liver disease causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hepatitis virus infection, alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver are the main etiologies associated with this disease. In this context, continuous inflammation as a result of liver damage leads to hepatic fibrosis, which frequently brings about cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we will summarize the role of scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. We will also emphasize their potential as biomarkers of advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis and cancer.
Spiders of the genera Pachygnatha, Dyschiriognatha and Glenognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with a revision of the Afrotropical species* (1994)

Pachygnatha kiwuana Strand, P. leleupi Lawrence, P. longipes Simon. P. mucronata Tullgren, P. palmqvisti Tullgren, P. ruanda Strand and Dyschiriognatha argyrostilba (O.‐P. Cambridge, 1876) (junior synonym: D. atlantica Holm, 1969) are redescribed. Puchygnutha hexutrucheutu, P. zuppu, P. procincta, P. okuensis, P. utromurginata, P. jansseni, P., goedeli, P. opdmwrdiue and Glenognatha smilodon, all species collected during the Belgian Cameroon expeditions, arc described as new. A key for all Afrotropical species is presented.
Bioinspired Self-Assembled Peptide Nanofibers with Thermostable Multivalent α-Helices (2013)

The stabilization of peptide's active conformation is a critical determinant of its target binding efficiency. Here we present a structure-based self-assembly strategy for the design of nanostructures with multiple and thermostable α-helices using bioinspired peptide amphiphiles. The design principle was inspired by the oligomerization of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Rev protein. Our goal was to find a strategy to modify the Rev protein into a chemically manageable self-assembling peptide while stabilizing its α-helical structure. Instead of using cyclic peptides for structure stabilization, this strategy utilizes the pseudocyclization for helix stabilization. The self-assembly induced stabilization of α-helical conformation could be observed, and the α-helices were found to be stable even at high temperature (at least up to 74 °C). Conjugation of a hydrophobic alkyl chain to the Rev peptide was crucial for forming the self-assembled nanostructures, and no nanostructures could be obtained without this modification. Because chemical modifications to the α-helical peptide domain can be avoided, potentially any α-helical peptide fragment can be grafted into this self-assembling peptide scaffold.
Particle orbits in ion rings: Ergodic or not? (1980)

An analytic and numerical study has been made of the single-particle orbits in self-consistent, large gyroradii ion ring Vlasov equilibria. In most of the cases studied the numerically computed orbits are nonergodic, indicating the existence of a constant of the motion, 𝒦, in addition to the Hamiltonian, ℋ, and the canonical angular momentum, 𝒫ϑ. An analytic method for understanding the occurrence of nonergodic orbits is obtained from an analysis of the orbital stability of the class of particles which have orbits lying near the midplane of the ring. Finally, a discussion is given of an illustrative case of a distribution function f dependent on three constants of the single-particle motion, ℋ, 𝒫ϑ, and 𝒦. In this case there may be a toroidal self-magnetic field in contrast with conventional equilibria.
Application of an Alternate Stimulation Method for the Ferguson Sandstone in the Powder River Basin (1984)

ABSTRACT Due to the high degree of fluid sensitivity in the Ferguson Sandstone formation of the Empire and Iberlin Fields, Campbell County, Wyoming, an alternate fluid-less completion technique was sought. Conventional stimulation methods utilizing acids and water or oil based fracturing fluids were considered inappropriate due to the possibility of creating additional formation damage through the release and transport of various fines, and the possibility of creating flow channels or fractures which could allow nearby water to be produced. The alternate method used, utilizes a (solid fuel) charge of progressively burning propellant in order to create channels of improved permeability from high temperature, high velocity gas expansion. This was attempted on fairly low productivity wells and general preliminary results indicate immediate production increases and/or improved decline rates. These are just preliminary results and an overall evaluation of this method is currently on-going. The purpose of this paper is to present the application of, and the immediate results from, this new stimulation method. In doing so, this paper attempts to provide the industry with an evaluation of the usefulness and economic feasibility of this alternate treatment method. This may lead to conjectures concerning additional areas, if any, for the profitable application of this device.
Genetic Testing in Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis (2022)

Abstract Purpose of review Premature intracellular activation of pancreatic zymogens leads to the initiation of pancreatitis, which in up to 25% leads to chronic tissue destruction, exocrine and endocrine organ failure, and a moderate increased risk of pancreatic cancer development. Whereas in many cases, the trigger of organ damage is identified, diagnostic workup in a significant number of patients does not reveal the underlying etiology of pancreatic inflammation. In these cases, alterations in different pancreatic susceptibility genes have been described to be directly or indirectly involved in disease development. In this review, we want to give an update on the most important pancreatitis risk genes and their impact on clinical diagnostics and risk stratification as well as possible treatment options. Recent findings Genetic testing is not routinely implemented in the diagnostic workup of acute or chronic pancreatitis, as most genetic variations are not considered causative for pancreatitis development but confer increased susceptibility and genetic testing rarely changes disease management. However, in patients with recurrent pancreatitis episodes of unknown etiology after intensive diagnostic work-up, in patients with a family history of pancreatitis, relatives of patients with hereditary pancreatitis, and patients with disease onset at young age, genetic testing and counseling is recommended. Besides well-established susceptibility genes such as PRSS1, SPINK1, CPA1, and CFTR, additional genes such as TRPV6 and rare genetic alterations in established risk genes have been recently identified which significantly contribute to the risk of pancreatitis, involving different molecular mechanisms. Summary When genetic testing is considered, we propose screening at least for PRSS1, SPINK1, CPA1, and CFTR gene variants. The emergence of next-generation sequencing methods could also render larger gene panels possible and clinically meaningful to detect rare variants with high-risk phenotypes. Here we summarize, evaluate, and convey in the form of practical recommendations the current level of knowledge with respect to definition, etiology, and genetic diagnostics of all forms of inherited pancreatitis.
Longitudinal detection of prion shedding in nasal secretions of CWD-infected white-tailed deer (2023)

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emergent prion disease spreading in cervid populations in North America, South Korea and Scandinavia. Rapid detection of CWD prions shed by live animals using minimally invasive methods remains an important need. Previous studies in deer, elk and hamsters have demonstrated prion replication in the nasal olfactory mucosa, yet the temporal profile of CWD prion shedding in nasal secretions has not been well characterized. Here we report nasal prion shedding in 18 deer orally exposed to low doses of CWD prions and monitored longitudinally by several parameters. Serially collected nasal swabs were assayed for CWD prion seeding activity using iron oxide magnetic extraction and real-time quaking-induced conversion (IOME RT-QuIC). These findings were correlated with the results from longitudinal tonsil biopsies, terminal tissues and PRNP genotype. We detected nasal prion shedding 3-16 months after the first positive tonsil biopsy in ten of the 18 deer; detectable shedding persisted thereafter in nine of the ten animals. Surprisingly, nasal swabs were negative in eight deer, even though all were CWD-infected as determined by tonsil biopsies and terminal tissue assays. Nasal shedding was detected more often in deer that were homozygous for glycine at codon 96, and those that were near or demonstrating symptoms of clinical disease shed earlier and more frequently, irrespective of prion exposure dose. The results of this study demonstrate nasal shedding of CWD prions that can be detected using minimally invasive nasal swab sampling and RT-QuIC analysis.
Toward an understanding of immune cell sociology: real‐time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single‐cell level (2012)

The immune system is a very complex and dynamic cellular system, and its intricacies are considered akin to those of human society. Disturbance of homeostasis of the immune system results in various types of diseases; therefore, the homeostatic mechanism of the immune system has long been a subject of great interest in biology, and a lot of information has been accumulated at the cellular and the molecular levels. However, the sociological aspects of the immune system remain too abstract to address because of its high complexity, which mainly originates from a large number and variety of cell-cell interactions. As long-range interactions mediated by cytokines play a key role in the homeostasis of the immune system, cytokine secretion analyses, ranging from analyses of the micro level of individual cells to the macro level of a bulk of cell ensembles, provide us with a solid basis of a sociological viewpoint of the immune system. In this review, as the first step toward a comprehensive understanding of immune cell sociology, cytokine secretion of immune cells is surveyed with a special emphasis on the single-cell level, which has been overlooked but should serve as a basis of immune cell sociology. Now that it has become evident that large cell-to-cell variations in cytokine secretion exist at the single-cell level, we face a tricky yet interesting question: How is homeostasis maintained when the system is composed of intrinsically noisy agents? In this context, we discuss how the heterogeneity of cytokine secretion at the single-cell level affects our view of immune cell sociology. While the apparent inconsistency between homeostasis and cell-to-cell heterogeneity is difficult to address by a conventional reductive approach, comparison and integration of single-cell data with macroscopic data will offer us a new direction for the comprehensive understanding of immune cell sociology.