gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis Halophytic RelativeThellungiella halophilaTolerates Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions by Maintaining Growth, Nitrogen Uptake, and Assimilation (2008)

A comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms regulating nitrogen (N) use efficiency is required to reduce excessive input of N fertilizers while maintaining acceptable crop yields under limited N supply. Studying plant species that are naturally adapted to low N conditions could facilitate the identification of novel regulatory genes conferring better N use efficiency. Here, we show that Thellungiella halophila, a halophytic relative of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), grows better than Arabidopsis under moderate (1 mm nitrate) and severe (0.4 mm nitrate) N-limiting conditions. Thellungiella exhibited a lower carbon to N ratio than Arabidopsis under N limitation, which was due to Thellungiella plants possessing higher N content, total amino acids, total soluble protein, and lower starch content compared with Arabidopsis. Furthermore, Thellungiella had higher amounts of several metabolites, such as soluble sugars and organic acids, under N-sufficient conditions (4 mm nitrate). Nitrate reductase activity and NR2 gene expression in Thellungiella displayed less of a reduction in response to N limitation than in Arabidopsis. Thellungiella shoot GS1 expression was more induced by low N than in Arabidopsis, while in roots, Thellungiella GS2 expression was maintained under N limitation but was decreased in Arabidopsis. Up-regulation of NRT2.1 and NRT3.1 expression was higher and repression of NRT1.1 was lower in Thellungiella roots under N-limiting conditions compared with Arabidopsis. Differential transporter gene expression was correlated with higher nitrate influx in Thellungiella at low (15)NO(3)(-) supply. Taken together, our results suggest that Thellungiella is tolerant to N-limited conditions and could act as a model system to unravel the mechanisms for low N tolerance.
Ion bombardment fabrication of optical waveguides using electron resist masks (1972)

Fabrication of a circular strip waveguide by ion implantation of fused silica through a mask made by electron-beam exposure of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is described. This technique has an advantage in its simplicity and the small number of processing steps involved. Guidance of 0.6328-μm light from a He–Ne laser through the guide is demonstrated.
Measuring Global Health1 (2012)

Summary measures of population health combine information about morbidity and premature mortality within a single ‘metric’. Particularly prominent at the international level is the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which uses disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) to quantify the disease burden resulting from different health conditions across the world. The study aims to provide an objective assessment of the state of global health, capturing not only premature mortality but also the burden of non-fatal health conditions. Moreover, the measure can – and was explicitly designed to – inform policy decisions relating to global health, particularly about priority-setting and resource allocation. For example, the Disease Control Priorities Project uses GBD data to make health policy recommendations for developing countries.
Identification of ArabidopsisratMutants (2003)

Limited knowledge currently exists regarding the roles of plant genes and proteins in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation process. To understand the host contribution to transformation, we carried out root-based transformation assays to identify Arabidopsis mutants that are resistant to Agrobacterium transformation (rat mutants). To date, we have identified 126 rat mutants by screening libraries of T-DNA insertion mutants and by using various "reverse genetic" approaches. These mutants disrupt expression of genes of numerous categories, including chromatin structural and remodeling genes, and genes encoding proteins implicated in nuclear targeting, cell wall structure and metabolism, cytoskeleton structure and function, and signal transduction. Here, we present an update on the identification and characterization of these rat mutants.
Survival of Translocated Bighorn Sheep In the Deadwood Region of the Black Hills, South Dakota (2018)

Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) historically inhabited the Black Hills region of South Dakota, but the species was extirpated from the area in the early 1900s concurrent with declines in population throughout their entire North American range. Translocation is a common management tool allowing for accelerated colonization of historic Bighorn Sheep habitat, but many attempts are unsuccessful. Mountain Lions (Puma concolor) and pneumonia are generally considered the most common limiting factors to Bighorn Sheep populations. Twenty-six Bighorn Sheep were translocated from Alberta, Canada to the Deadwood region of the northern Black Hills, an area with both a resident Mountain Lion population and potential for contact with Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus), known carriers of pathogens that are lethal to Bighorn Sheep. Adult survival and natality increased the population substantially in year 1, however, the only breeding-age male was euthanized owing to concerns about potential for pathogen transmission from Domestic Sheep and Goats. In year 2, the population experienced a pneumonia outbreak, resulting in 57.9% of all mortalities during the study period. Mountain Lion predation was not detected, nor was direct contact with Domestic Sheep or Goats observed. Intensive monitoring was critical in determining the outcome of the translocation.
Shape-designed frustration by local polymorphism in a near-equilibrium colloidal glass (2015)

We show that hard, convex, lithographic, prismatic kite platelets, each having three 72° vertices and one 144° vertex, preferentially form a disordered and arrested 2D glass when concentrated quasi-statically in a monolayer while experiencing thermal Brownian fluctuations. By contrast with 2D systems of other hard convex shapes, such as squares, rhombs, and pentagons, which readily form crystals at high densities, 72° kites retain a liquid-like disordered structure that becomes frozen-in as their long-time translational and rotational diffusion become highly bounded, yielding a 2D colloidal glass. This robust glass-forming propensity arises from competition between highly diverse few-particle local polymorphic configurations (LPCs) that have incommensurate features and symmetries. Thus, entropy maximization is consistent with the preservation of highly diverse LPCs en route to the arrested glass.
Investigating Charge Carrier Mobilities in Nanocrystal-Polymer Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices (2007)

We investigate the properties of charge separation and photo-carrier transport in P3HT/PbSe composites by employing ToF method under selective excitation conditions to study the ligand-effect on the photocarrier-trapping kinetics at the P3HT/PbSe interfaces.
Comprehensive review on biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid: status, innovation, market and applications (2022)

The growing, existing demand for low-cost and high-quality hyaluronic acid (HA) needs an outlook of different possible production strategies from renewable resources with the reduced possibility of cross-infections. Recently, the possibility of producing HA from harmless microorganisms appeared, which offers the opportunity to make HA more economical, without raw material limitations, and environmentally friendly. HA production is mainly reported with Lancefield <i>Streptococci A</i> and <i>C</i>, particularly from <i>S. equi</i> and <i>S. zooepidemicus</i>. Various modes of fermentation such as batch, repeated batch, fed-batch, and continuous culture have been investigated to optimize HA production, particularly from <i>S. zooepidemicus</i>, obtaining a HA yield of 2.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> - 7.0 g L<sup>-1</sup>. Among the different utilized DSP approaches of HA production, recovery with cold ethanol (4°C) and cetylpyridinium chloride is the ideal strategy for lab-scale HA production. On the industrial scale, besides using isopropanol, filtration (0.22 um), ultrafiltration (100 kDa), and activated carbon absorption are employed to obtain HA of low molecular weight and additional ultrafiltration to purify HA of higher MW. Even though mature technologies have already been developed for the industrial production of HA, the projections of increased sales volume and the expansion of application possibilities require new processes to obtain HA with higher productivity, purity, and specific molecular weights. In this review, we have put forth the progress of HA technological research by discussing the microbial biosynthetic aspects, fermentation and downstream strategies, industrial-scale scenarios of HA, and the prospects of HA production to meet the current and ongoing market demands.
Theoretical Analysis of Flows Estimating Eigenfunctions of One-Homogeneous Functionals (2018)

Nonlinear eigenfunctions, induced by subgradients of one-homogeneous functionals (such as the 1-Laplacian), have shown to be instrumental in segmentation, clustering, and image decomposition. We present a class of flows for finding such eigenfunctions, generalizing a method recently suggested by Nossek and Gilboa. We analyze the flows on grids and graphs in the time-continuous and time-discrete settings. For a specific type of flow within this class, we prove convergence of the numerical iterations procedure and prove existence and uniqueness of the time-continuous case. Several toy examples are provided for illustrating the theoretical results, showing how such flows can be used on images and graphs.
SORPTION EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED CORN STOVER COMPONENTS (2005)

Corn stover equilibrium moisture isotherms were developed to aide biomass engineering of consistent,uniform-quality feedstock supplies for renewable bioenergy and bioproducts. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) andequilibrium relative humidity (ERH) sorption data of corn leaf, stalk skin, and stalk pith were experimentally determined usingthe static gravimetric method at six temperatures ranging from 10C to 40C and at ten ERH values ranging from 0.11 to0.98. The greatest EMC values for corn leaf and stalk pith generally corresponded with ERH below and above 0.90,respectively, at all temperatures. Only at some intermediate ERH range at 20C to 40C was stalk skin EMC greater thanstalk pith EMC. Corn stover components followed a type II isotherm typically observed among food materials. EMC of allcomponents was proportional to ERH and inversely proportional to temperature. Observed EMC ranges were 3.9% to 56.4%,3.1% to 41.1%, and 2.7% to 71.5% dry basis (d.b.) for corn leaf, stalk skin, and stalk pith, respectively. Calculated whole-stalkEMC values ranged from 3.1% to 49.2% d.b. Isotherm data were fitted with the EMC model of Henderson, and modifiedversions of Henderson, Chung-Pfost, Halsey, Oswin, and Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer. The modified Oswin model (R2 >0.98; F > 2085) followed by the modified Halsey model (R2 > 0.97; F > 1758) produced the best fit for corn stover componentsstudied. The Henderson, modified Henderson, and modified Chung-Pfost models were not suitable since these models did notproduce randomized residuals. The modified Oswin model (R2 = 0.99; F = 6274) best described the stalk EMC. Results havepractical applications in corn stover collection method and timing; process handling, grinding, and drying requirements;transportation efficiency of dry matter; and necessary storage environment, shelf life, and potential microorganism safetyhazards. For example, results indicated that higher EMC values for corn stover leaf may result in greater propensity for theonset of mold growth and may determine minimal storage requirements or potential advantages in separating leaf from stalkfractions.
A modular multimodal software platform for mobile devices (2010)

This paper introduces a software platform that supports services with flexible multimodal user interfaces (UI). The platform is based on Java technology for the service logic and XML-based description languages such as SVG and VoiceXML for UI definition. Firstly, this paper describes the motivation for specifying a flexible and multimodal UI. Secondly it presents the respective architecture and in particular the voice UI implementation. Finally, an automatic converter from graphical user dialogues into voice-based dialogues and vice versa is described.
Infarct Size-Limiting Properties of Ro 40–5967, a Novel Nondihydropyridine Calcium Channel, in Anesthetized Rats (1995)

We assessed the hemodynamic and infarct size (IS)-limiting effects of the new calcium antagonist Ro 40-5967 in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion and compared the effects of Ro 40-5967 with those of verapamil. Open-chest rats underwent 20-min coronary occlusion followed by 2-h reperfusion. We determined area at risk (AAR) and IS at the end of reperfusion by India ink injection and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, using computerized analysis of enlarged sections after color video acquisition. Ro 40-5967 [0.3 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) bolus 15 min before ischemia + 0.3 mg/kg/h i.v. infusion] and verapamil (0.3 mg/kg followed by 0.3 mg/kg/h) induced significant and similar limitations of IS (percentage of AAR: controls, 61.2 +/- 3.5%; Ro 40-5967, 41.0 +/- 4.0%; verapamil, 43 +/- 4.8%; both p < 0.01 versus controls). The IS-limiting effect of Ro 40-5967 was not accompanied by any changes in heart rate (HR) or rate-pressure product (RPP), whereas verapamil decreased both HR and RPP throughout ischemia/reperfusion. In contrast, verapamil administered at a lower dose (0.03 mg/kg followed by 0.03 mg/kg/h), which induced hemodynamic effects similar to those of Ro 40-5967, had no effect on IS (57.1 +/- 5.2, p = NS). Furthermore, additional hemodynamic studies performed in noninfarcted rats showed that Ro 40-5967 exerted negative inotropic effects that were less marked than those induced by verapamil. Therefore, Ro 40-5967 exerts myocardial protective effects that appear to be independent of changes in systemic hemodynamics or myocardial contractility.
Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea from a Dental Perspective (1998)

Proper diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related disorders are best handled via a team approach. This team may include a general dentist treating in conjunction with other sleep specialists. However, to provide care, dentists must have a basic understanding of sleep disorders. This paper provides a dental overview of sleep-related breathing disorders, including key definitions, an outline of a diagnostic protocol, a discussion of the factors involved in decision-making, and a summary of the wide variety of treatment modalities.
Identification of the loci of the collagen-associated Ehrlich chromogen in type I collagen confirms its role as a trivalent cross-link (1992)

Collagenous peptides containing the Ehrlich chromogen (EC) were selectively isolated from a tryptic digest of bovine tendon by coupling to a diazotized polyacrylamide support. The isolated p-phenol-azo-EC peptides were purified and characterized by amino acid and sequence analyses. EC occurred in stoichiometric amounts in trimeric cross-linked chains originating from the known cross-link regions of type-I collagen. The major locus of the EC was alpha 2(I)Hyl-933 x alpha 1(I)Lys(Hyl)-9N x alpha 2(I)Lys(Hyl)-5N but it was also shown to occur at the loci alpha 1(I)Hyl-87 x alpha 1(I)Lys(Hyl)-16C x alpha 1(I)Lys(Hyl)-16C and alpha 1(I)Hyl-930 x alpha 1(I)Lys(Hyl)-9N x alpha 2(I)Lys(Hyl)-5N. After sequence analyses of the C-terminal helical cross-link region alpha 2(I)928-963, corrections are presented for residues 927, 930, 932 and 933 of the bovine alpha 2(I) chain. The collagen-associated EC is postulated to be a trisubstituted pyrrole formed by the reaction of the aldehyde form of a telopeptidyl lysine residue with a bifunctional keto amino cross-link. It is also proposed that when the telopeptidyl lysine residue is hydroxylated the above reaction will result in pyridinoline formation.
Compact UWB Monopole Antenna for Automotive Communications (2015)

This communication presents a bandwidth-enhanced, compact, monopole antenna with modified ground plane for modern automotive ultra wide-band (UWB) applications. The proposed antenna has hybrid geometry and is constructed using half circular ring and half square ring. The ground plane of the fundamental radiator is curved and defected to improve the VSWR bandwidth. An extended ground stub is added to further enhance the bandwidth to suit the modern automotive requirements. The designed antenna covers 3.1–10.9 GHz frequency spectrum with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {VSWR}} \leq {2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . This antenna can be conveniently placed inside the shark fin housing or it can be printed along with the existing print circuit board (PCB) electronics nullifying the need for dedicated location for in-car communications. Furthermore, a simple two-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is constructed and its diversity performance is estimated. The prototype is fabricated and tested for impedance and radiation characteristics.
Asymmetric β-boration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds promoted by chiral rhodium–bisoxazolinylphenyl catalysts (2009)

Chiral rhodium-bisoxazolinylphenyl acetate complexes exhibited high catalytic activity for the beta-boration of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of sodium t-butoxide with enantioselectivity up to 97%.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 Short Form Stimulates Wnt1 Pathway in Mammary Epithelial and Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 Short Form Stimulates Wnt1 Pathway in Mammary Epithelial and Cancer Cells
Robust Contention Management in Software Transactional Memory (2005)

Software transactional memory (STM) systems use lightweight, in-memory software transactions to address concurrency in multi-threaded applications, ensuring safety at all times.A contention manager is responsible for the system as a whole to make progress (liveness).In this paper, we study the impact of transaction failures on contention management in the context of STM systems.The failures we consider include page faults as well as actual process or thread crashes.We observe that, even with a small number of failures, many of the previously defined contention managers do not behave well, in the average case, and none provides worst case guarantees.We introduce FTGreedy, a new contention manager that is able to cope with faulty transactions.In short, FTGreedy (a) compares well with previous contention managers when no failures occur, (b) has good performance in the face of failures, and (c) provable worst case properties even if transactions can fail, as long as the system features some synchrony assumptions (which need only be weak and eventual).
Characterization of Space-Division Multiplexing Amplifiers Using a Swept Wavelength Coherent Reflectometer (2016)

We directly measure the optimum length and the mode-dependent gain of multi-core and few-mode optical amplifiers using a swept wavelength interferometer operated in reflection mode. The technique requires only one space multiplexer and eliminates cut-backs.
Code generation for multiprocessor distributed computing systems (2017)

Distributed computing systems is a well-known instrument to rise system performance and avoid bottlenecks of shared memory architectures. In some cases, distributed architectures are used in embedded systems: to simplify every single embedded processor, decrease power consumption, increase system tolerance and predictability, etc. However, when working with such systems, software developers face all kinds of complications related to distributed systems programming: workload distribution, communications implementation, computations synchronization etc. For embedded distributed systems it's impossibility to use distributed programming approaches like MPI: they are too “heavy” for embedded systems. We propose the extended application of VIPE visual programming technology that covers a software development for distributed multi-processor systems. VPL program structure and extensible code generation backend allows to automate most aspects of distributed programming and apply a single VPL programs both to shared memory and distributed systems without additional programming effort.
Preparation of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions Using Gelatin-Based Stabilizer Systems (2014)

The incorporation of lipophilic nutrients, such as astaxanthin (a fat soluble carotenoid) in nanodispersion systems can either increase the water solubility, stability and bioavailability or widen their applications in aqueous food and pharmaceutical formulations. In this research, gelatin and its combinations with sucrose oleate as a small molecular emulsifier, sodium caseinate (SC) as a protein and gum Arabic as a polysaccharide were used as stabilizer systems in the formation of astaxanthin nanodispersions via an emulsification-evaporation process. The results indicated that the addition of SC to gelatin in the stabilizer system could increase the chemical stability of astaxanthin nanodispersions significantly, while using a mixture of gelatin and sucrose oleate as a stabilizer led to production of nanodispersions with the smallest particle size (121.4±8.6 nm). It was also shown that a combination of gelatin and gum Arabic could produce optimal astaxanthin nanodispersions in terms of physical stability (minimum polydispersity index (PDI) and maximum zeta-potential). This study demonstrated that the mixture of surface active compounds showed higher emulsifying and stabilizing functionality compared to using them individually in the preparation of astaxanthin nanodispersions.
Very low sheet resistance and Shubnikov–de-Haas oscillations in two-dimensional electron gases at ultrathin binary AlN∕GaN heterojunctions (2008)

Very low sheet resistance two-dimensional electron gases have been obtained at ultrathin AlN∕GaN heterojunctions. By investigating the molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions, the interface roughness at the heterojunction has been reduced, leading to high room-temperature electron mobilities (μ∼1400–1600cm2∕Vs) and high electron sheet densities due to spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization (ns∼1–3×1013cm−2) depending on the AlN thickness. This combination led to a large reduction of the room-temperature sheet resistance of 148Ω∕◻, a new record. The improved transport properties have made it possible to observe Shubnikov–de-Haas oscillations of the magnetoresistance of the two-dimensional electron gas at ultrathin binary AlN∕GaN heterojunctions for the first time. The results are indicative of the vast potential of high-quality AlN∕GaN structures for a variety of device applications.