gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous wavelength and orbital angular momentum demultiplexing using tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter (2017)

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate simultaneous wavelength and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing/demultiplexing of 10 Gbit/s data streams using a new on-chip micro-component-tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter integrated with a spiral phase plate. In the experiment, two wavelengths, each of them carrying two channels with zero and nonzero OAMs, form four independent information channels. In case of spacing between wavelength channels of 0.8 nm and intensity modulation, power penalties relative to the transmission of one channel do not exceed 1.45, 0.79 and 0.46 dB at the hard-decision forward-error correction (HD-FEC) bit-error-rate (BER) limit 3.8 × 10<sup>-3</sup> when multiplexing a Gaussian beam and OAM beams of azimuthal orders 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In case of phase modulation, power penalties do not exceed 1.77, 0.54 and 0.79 dB respectively. At the 0.4 nm wavelength grid, maximum power penalties at the HD-FEC BER threshold relative to the 0.8 nm wavelength spacing read 0.83, 0.84 and 1.15 dB when multiplexing a Gaussian beam and OAM beams of 1st, 2nd and 3rd orders respectively. The novelty and impact of the proposed filter design is in providing practical, integrable, cheap, and reliable transformation of OAM states simultaneously with the selection of a particular wavelength in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The proposed on-chip device can be useful in future high-capacity optical communications with spatial- and wavelength-division multiplexing, especially for short-range communication links and optical interconnects.
Systematic Modulation of a Bichromic Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Scaffold Bearing a Redox-Active Triphenylamine Constituent (2011)

The syntheses and physicochemical properties of nine bis-tridentate ruthenium(II) complexes containing one cyclometalating ligand furnished with terminal triphenylamine (TPA) substituents are reported. The structure of each complex conforms to a molecular scaffold formulated as [Ru(II)(TPA-2,5-thiophene-pbpy)(Me(3)tctpy)] (pbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine; Me(3)tctpy = trimethyl-4,4',4''-tricarboxylate-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), where various electron-donating groups (EDGs) and electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) are installed about the TPA unit and the anionic ring of the pbpy ligand. It is found that the redox chemistry of the Ru center and the TPA unit can be independently modulated by (i) placing EWGs (e.g., -CF(3)) or EDGs (e.g., -OMe) on the anionic ring of the pbpy ligand (substituted sites denoted as R(2) or R(3)) and/or (ii) installing electron-donating substituents (e.g., -H, -Me, -OMe) para to the amine of the TPA group (i.e., R(1)). The first oxidation potential is localized to the TPA unit when, for example, EDGs are placed at R(1) with EWGs at R(2) (e.g., the TPA(•+)/TPA(0) and Ru(III)/Ru(II) redox couples appear at +0.98 and +1.27 V vs NHE, respectively, when R(1) = -OMe and R(2) = -CF(3)). This situation is reversed when R(3) = EDG and R(1) = -H: TPA-based and metal-centered oxidation waves occur at +1.20 and +1.11 V vs NHE, respectively. The UV-vis spectrum for each complex is broad (e.g., absorption bands are extended from the UV region to beyond 800 nm in all cases) and intense (e.g., ε ∼ 10(4) M(-1)·cm(-1)) because of the overlapping intraligand charge-transfer and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions. The information derived from this study offers guiding principles for modulating the physicochemical properties of bichromic cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes.
LiDAR-based Indoor Localization with Optimal Particle Filters using Surface Normal Constraints (2023)

Accurate and robust localization systems are often highly desired in autonomous mobile robots. Existing LiDAR-based localization systems generally use standard particle filters which suffer from the well-known particle degeneracy problem. Furthermore, standard particle filters are ill-suited for handling discrepancies between maps and the actual operating environments. In this work, we present an effective LiDAR-based indoor localization system which addresses these two issues. The particle degeneracy problem is tackled with an efficient implementation of an optimal particle filter. Map discrepancies are then handled with the use of a high-fidelity observation model for accurate particle propagation and a separate low-fidelity observation model for robust weight update. Evaluations were carried out against a standard particle filter baseline on both real-world and simulated data from challenging indoor environments. The proposed system was found to show significantly better performance in-terms of accuracy, robustness to ambiguity, and robustness to map discrepancies. These performance gains were observed even with more than ten times smaller particle set sizes than in the baseline, while the increase in the computation time per particle was only around 20%.
Negative capacitance tunnel F£Ts: Experimental demonstration of outstanding simultaneous boosting of on-current, transconductance, overdrive, and swing (2017)

This paper demonstrates and experimentally reports the highest ever performance boosting in strained silicon-nanowire homojunction TFETs with negative capacitance, provided by matched PZT capacitors. Outstanding enhancements of I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> , g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> , and overdrive are analyzed and explained by most effective reduction of body factor, m < 1, especially for Vg>Vt, which greatly amplify the control on the surface potential TFET, which dictates a highly non-linear BTBT regime. We achieve a full non-hysteretic negative-capacitance switch configuration, suitable for logic applications, and report o«-current increase by a factor of 500x, voltage overdrive of IV, transconductance increase of up to 5× 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> x, and subthreshold swing improvement.
Hydrothermal Conversion Of Biomass. II. Conversion Of Wood, Pyrolysis Oil, And Glucose In Hot Compressed Water (2009)

In part I of this work, hydrothermal conversion (HTC) of glucose has been studied. In this part II of the study, the investigation is extended to two other feedstocks: wood and pyrolysis oil. The effects of residence time (0−60 min) and feedstock concentration (0−45 wt %) on product yields are studied at 350 °C. For all three investigated feedstocks: (i) oil, char, and gas are formed with two distinct rates (fast rates in the first 10 min, followed by slow rates after this time), (ii) deoxygenation proceeds via both dehydration and decarboxylation. Dehydration is an initial reaction (first 5 min) and leads to undesired lowering of the H/C ratio of the oil product. Two types of char have clearly been identified for HTC of wood: primary char (nonliquefied remainder of biomass) and secondary char (polymerization product). Only a small amount of primary char is formed, while at longer residence times, typically practiced in pilot and demonstration plants, the majority of char is produced in polymerization reactions in the liquid phase (reaction order > 1). Several catalysts have been tested for their ability to increase decarboxylation yield and reduce char formation. The Ru/TiO2 catalyst is able to convert WSIS (char) to gas, while leaving the oil product practically unaltered with respect to composition and yield. Visual observations have revealed that a single liquid phase appears to exist at the HTC reaction conditions and that phase splitting into an oil and a water phase occurs in the temperature range of 180−220 °C. The engineering reaction path model, proposed for glucose in part I of this work, is extended for use with solid biomass and pyrolysis oil.
A Distributed Control Strategy for Coordination of an Autonomous LVDC Microgrid Based on Power-Line Signaling (2013)

In a microgrid (MG), an energy management control is essential in order to handle the variety of prime movers, which may include different types of renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). Specifically, the recharging process of the secondary battery, i.e., the most prominent ESS, should be done in a specific manner to preserve its lifetime, the common MG bus voltage must be kept within the bounds, and the energy offered by RES should be utilized as efficiently as possible. This paper proposes a method for coordination of an autonomous low-voltage direct-current (LVDC) MG that consists of a number of sources using power-line signaling (PLS), which is a distributed control strategy in which the units inject sinusoidal signals of specific frequency into the common bus in order to communicate with each other. The control structure that allows the application of this method is revealed, and the optimal range of operating PLS frequencies is specified. In order to achieve a zero steady-state error of injected signals in the common bus, primary control of batteries has been extended with dedicated proportional-resonant controllers that are switched on only during injection period. Finally, a method for coordination among the units using the PLS concept was developed and experimentally tested, confirming its applicability for autonomous LVDC MGs.
Software Implementation of a Novel Approach to Improving Burst Errors Correction Capability of Hamming Code (2007)

Error correction coding has been a crucial part of data transmission or storage. In high-reliability applications, the single error correction and double error detections Hamming code may not provide adequate protection against burst errors. This makes multiple-error correction highly desirable. This paper proposed a novel approach to improving burst errors correction capability of the Hamming code, while retaining code rate as maximum as possible. Software implementation of Hamming encoding and decoding are proposed in this paper, and the simplicity and effectiveness of their implementations are demonstrated with example.
Transport phenomena and thermodynamics: Multicomponent mixtures (2018)

In Swaney and Bird [Chem. Eng. Educ. 51, 83 (2017)], the authors discussed some heretofore unappreciated relations between the equations of transport phenomena and those of thermodynamics for the case of pure fluids. Here we extend the discussion to multicomponent mixtures and open systems with the associated convective terms, and show how several key equations in thermodynamics may be derived by using the equations of energy, mechanical energy, and entropy from transport phenomena. These derivations point out some features of the thermodynamic equations that are not often recognized, and elucidate the meaning of phrases such as “quasi-steady-state processes.” We show how one can obtain our version of the first law dU=dQ−p¯¯dV+∫Vt−τ:∇v+∑α=1Njα⋅gαdVdt−∫A(t)(n⋅ρĤṽ)dAdt,our version of the second law T¯¯dS=dQ+∫Vt−τ:∇v+∑α=1Njα⋅gαdVdt−∑α=1Nμ¯¯αdnα−∫A(t)(n⋅ρĤṽ)dAdt, and Gibbs’ fundamental relation dU=T¯¯dS−p¯¯dV+∑αμ¯¯αdnα. The double overbars indicate suitably averaged values and extend the familiar results to systems that are not uniform and not in equilibrium macroscopically. At various places in the development, we make use of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as the equation of change for entropy, from transport phenomena.
Right atrial appendage aneurysm complicated with atrial septal defect: A rare case report (2020)

Right atrial appendage aneurysms (RAAAs) are rare heart malformations, presenting as isolated anomalies or co-existing with other structural heart diseases. We describe a rare case of RAAA complicated with an atrial septal defect (ASD). The diagnosis was established using transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. To treat the ASD and reduced right atrium volume load, ASD transcatheter closure was performed. On echocardiography performed 3 months post discharge, the RAAA was observed to have reduced in size compared to that presurgery. Six years later, she was in good condition without any adverse events.
Time reversed elastic nonlinearity diagnostic applied to mock osseointegration monitoring applying two experimental models (2012)

This study broadens vibration-like techniques developed for osseointegration monitoring to the nonlinear field. The time reversed elastic nonlinearity diagnostic is applied to two mock models. The first one consists of tightening a dental implant at different torques in a mock cortical bone; the second one allows one to follow glue curing at the interface between a dental implant and a mock jaw. Energy is focused near the implant interface using the time reversal technique. Two nonlinear procedures termed pulse inversion and the scaling subtraction method, already used successfully in other fields such as contrast agents and material characterization, are employed. These two procedures are compared for both models. The results suggest that nonlinear elasticity can provide new information regarding the interface, complementary to the linear wave velocity and attenuation. The curing experiment exhibits an overall low nonlinear level due to the fact that the glue significantly damps elastic nonlinearity at the interface. In contrast, the torque experiment shows strong nonlinearities at the focus time. Consequently, a parallel analysis of these models, both only partially reflecting a real case, enables one to envisage future in vivo experiments.
Improving Performance of Odor Biosensor System Using Olfactory Receptor (2022)

Odor sensors based on olfactory receptors, which have high sensitivity and selectivity, have attracted much attention in recent years. We previously reported on the quantification of binary gas mixtures. To increase the number of components and the resolution of our odor biosensor system, it is necessary to improve the reproducibility and reduce the sensor response time. In this study, we examined the parameters related to the reproducibility and response time, such as the volume of liquid in the chamber channel, the flow rate of the buffer solution, and the pressure of the micro-dispenser, to improve the performance of the system. It was found that the response time was shortened by reducing the volume of liquid in the chamber and increasing the flow rate. It was also found that stable injection was achieved by adjusting the pressure applied to the micro-dispenser as a function of the drive frequency. We reduced the average response time of our system from 160 to 57 s. Moreover, we avoided an increase in the injection volume and droplet generation by applying appropriate pressures to the micro-dispenser.
Influence of Solder Microstructure and Oxide Layers on High Frequency Electrical Losses of WL-CSP Pb-Free Interconnections (2006)

In this paper, results of study of the effects of microstructures and thick surface oxide layers of near eutectic Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.8</sub> Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Cu solder alloy on high-frequency losses from 500 MHz to 50 GHz are presented. To analyze the high frequency losses in the solder alloy, a new test method was employed. The test modules consisted of lead-free microstrip lines (SnAgCu) mounted on a low-loss liquid crystal (LCP) polymer substrate. The experimental results showed that the colony size or the high dispersion of the Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> intermetallics do not have a significant influence on the high frequency losses. On the contrary, the conductor loss increased when thick oxide layer was present on the surface of the solder alloy. A design rule for insertion loss estimation for hot components was also determined. By making use of the theoretical and experimental results on the annealed SnAgCu specimen the correction coefficient value of 1.4 for the conductor loss was obtained. The increase of conductor loss of the WL-CSP interconnections, having a pitch of 500 mum and bump diameters of 300 mum, was calculated to be about 40% higher for differential and single-ended signaling when the thick oxide layers are present
Supplementary figure 1 from Focal Adhesion Kinase Regulates the DNA Damage Response and Its Inhibition Radiosensitizes Mutant <i>KRAS</i> Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Suppression of FAK leads to loss of viability in mutant KRAS NSCLC cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of Transferrin Receptors, Iron Content and Isoferritin Profile in Normal and Malignant Human Breast Cell Lines (1991)

We studied the mode of iron transport and storage in a human breast cancer cell line (HT-24) in comparison with a breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100). It was found that HT-24 cells incorporated over 18 h more 59Fe as compared to HBL-100 (24 vs. 16%). Yet, the number of surface transferrin-binding sites was less in cancer cells (6.2 x 10(5)) than in epithelial cells (8 x 10(5)). Moreover, the transferrin receptors in cancer cells were less affected by iron overloading as compared with epithelial cells. Following immunoprecipitation of isoferritins with specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), it was found that the quantity of de novo synthesized normal ferritin immunoprecipitated with CM-G-8 MoAb was similar in both cancer and epithelial cells. However, the amount of 59Fe incorporated into the protein was significantly higher in HBL-100 cells. In contrast, HT-24 cells synthesized a high amount of placental-like isoferritin (PLF) immunoprecipitated with CM-H-9 MoAb which was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in epithelial cells. This isoferritin was characterized by its low iron incorporation. It is noteworthy that the ratio of PLF to normal ferritin was 2:1 in cancer cells and 0.7:1 in epithelial cells, indicating that PLF is a major type of isoferritin synthesized by HT-24 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, a significant amount of PLF was expressed on the surface of cancer cells as compared to epithelial cells. The results of this study suggest that iron supply and distribution in breast neoplastic cells are not controlled similarly to normal cells.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ONE-BIT NOISE-SHAPING QUANTIZER USING VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL APPROACH (2008)

This paper offers a straightforward analysis of a one-bit noise-shaping quantizer based on variable structure control methods. The method uses the concept of equivalent control to access the bound on the state signals when the sliding condition is reached. For a stable loop filter, the global stability can be proved to exist by using the Lyanpunov stability theory. For an unstable loop filter, this paper proposes a state constraint approach to ensure that the sliding condition is achieved. Simulation examples and an experimental circuit constructed using off-the-shelf electronic components are given to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Sheet Beam Klystron Instability Analysis (2009)

Using the principle of energy balance we develop a 2D theory for calculating growth rates of instability in a two-cavity model of a sheet beam klystron. An important ingredient is a TE-like mode in the gap that also gives a longitudinal kick to the beam. When compared with a self-consistent particle-in-cell calculation, with sheet beam klystron-type parameters, agreement is quite good up to half the design current, 65 A; at full current, however, other, current-dependent effects come in and the results deviate significantly.
Stripping and splicing polyimide-coated fibers (2011)

Polyimide is often used as a coating material for optical fibers used in high temperature environments such as aerospace or oil and gas sensor applications. Unfortunately, polyimide coating is very difficult to strip by conventional mechanical stripping methods. The glass fiber is easily damaged if the stripping process is not extremely well controlled. Stripping the polyimide coating by heating with a flame or arc typically results in a significant reduction in fiber strength. Strength may be maintained by using hot acid stripping, however the use of the strong hot acid presents safety hazards and also requires controlled and safe waste disposal. Another issue with polyimide coating is variability of the coating diameter from various manufacturers or due to different polyimide coating processes. This not only complicates the polyimide stripping issue, but also presents problems with precise clamping and alignment during splicing, especially when it is necessary to splice with a short cleave length. In this paper, we present new polyimide coating stripping technology. The significant feature of this stripping technology is achievement of good strength while avoiding the use of hot acid or heating. We also developed a new specialty fiber fusion splicer that enables precise alignment and splicing regardless of the variability of polyimide coating diameter, even when clamping on the coating.
A comparison of observables for solid-solid phase transitions (2009)

The study of solid-solid phase transformations is hindered by the difficulty of finding a volumetric probe to use as a progress variable. Solids are typically optically opaque and heterogeneous. Over the past several years, second harmonic generation (SHG) has been used as a kinetic probe for a solid-solid phase transition in which the initial and final phases have different symmetries. Bulk generation of SHG is allowed by symmetry only in noncentrosymmetric crystallographic space groups. For the organic energetic nitramine octahydro-1,3 ,5,7 -tetranitro-1,3 ,5,7 -tatrazocine (HMX), the beta phase is centro symmetric (space group P2{sub 1}/c) and the delta phase iS noncentrosymmetric (space group P6{sub 1}22) making SHG an extremely sensitive, essentially zero background probe of the phase change progress. We have used SHG as a tool to follow the progress of the transformation from beta to delta phase during the solid-solid transformation. However, kinetic models of the transformation derived using different observables from several other groups have differed, showing later onset for the phase change and faster progression to completion. In this work, we have intercompared several techniques to understand these differences. The three techniques discussed are second harmonic generation, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The progress of the beta to delta phase transition in HMX observed with each of these different probes will be discussed and advantages and disadvantages of each technique described. This paper compares several different observables for use in measuring the kinetics of solid-solid phase transitions. Relative advantages and disadvantages for each technique are described and a direct comparison of results is made for the beta to delta polymorphic phase transition of the energetic nitramine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tatrazocine.
Catholic Reaction to Authoritarian Regimes in Argentina and Uruguay (2015)

I investigate the interdependence between the Catholic Church and the Argentinian state that developed during the early 20th century created an institutional church that supported the actions of the state and military even in the context of authoritarian rule. On the other hand, I investigate the secular nature of Uruguay facilitated by anti-clerical measures in the early 20th century created an independent Church that could criticize authoritarian state and military control but not without harsh repression.