gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decentralized control of large-scale power systems with unknown interconnections (1996)

Decentralized stabilization and control schemes for large-scale power systems are presented in this paper. The interconnections between the subsystems are assumed to be unknown, but bounded. The control design for the first scheme utilizes the knowledge of the bounds on the interconnections between the subsystems, whereas this information is not required in the second control design due to its adaptive nature. These schemes are applied to a power system with two generators and an infinite bus connected through a network of transformers and transmission lines. Simulation studies for unknown interconnections arising due to faults and subsequent line switchings in the transmission network are carried out. The studies not only illustrate the simplicity of the developed controls, but also validate the fact that connective stability and robust performance is maintained for unknown interconnection topology using these schemes.
Metallic ReO3 Nanoparticles. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Scope and Limitations of Fulvene Syntheses. Preparation of 6-Vinyl-Substituted and -Functionalized Fulvenes. First Examples of Nucleophilic Substitution on a 6-(Chloromethyl)fulvene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScope and Limitations of Fulvene Syntheses. Preparation of 6-Vinyl-Substituted and -Functionalized Fulvenes. First Examples of Nucleophilic Substitution on a 6-(Chloromethyl)fulveneIhsan Erden, Fu-Pei Xu, Aladin Sadoun, Wyatt Smith, Greg Sheff, and Madeleine OssunCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 4, 813–820Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00109a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00109a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1074Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Highly Concentrated Cocamidopropyl Betaine – The Latest Developments for Improved Sustainability and Enhanced Skin Care (2008)

Abstract Today Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) is the most important secondary surfactant used in personal care and household products. Even the most modern CAPB-types still contain more water than active matter. Water which needs to be heated in the manufacturing process, which needs to be transported, and needs to be stored in storage tanks. The high water content not only contributes to the cost of production and logistics, but is also not favorable with respect to sustainability. Continuous research in the field of betaines has lead to another break-through in CAPB quality with a product containing approximately 47% active matter and less than 43% water. Thus, savings in energy consumption and shipping volume of more than 36% can be achieved as compared to the common 30% CAPB quality. The typically desired surfactant properties, the positive effects on foam and rheology could be maintained. Moreover, further improvements in quality and even additional skin care effects such as enhanced skin moisturization could be achieved.
Compounds activating VCP D1 ATPase enhance both autophagic and proteasomal neurotoxic protein clearance (2022)

Enhancing the removal of aggregate-prone toxic proteins is a rational therapeutic strategy for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Huntington's disease and various spinocerebellar ataxias. Ideally, such approaches should preferentially clear the mutant/misfolded species, while having minimal impact on the stability of wild-type/normally-folded proteins. Furthermore, activation of both ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome routes may be advantageous, as this would allow effective clearance of both monomeric and oligomeric species, the latter which are inaccessible to the proteasome. Here we find that compounds that activate the D1 ATPase activity of VCP/p97 fulfill these requirements. Such effects are seen with small molecule VCP activators like SMER28, which activate autophagosome biogenesis by enhancing interactions of PI3K complex components to increase PI(3)P production, and also accelerate VCP-dependent proteasomal clearance of such substrates. Thus, this mode of VCP activation may be a very attractive target for many neurodegenerative diseases.
[P1–450]: DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION OF THE CEREBRUM PROVIDES A SINGLE MEASURE OF CEREBRAL SMALL‐VESSEL DISEASE SEVERITY RELATED TO COGNITIVE CHANGE (2017)

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the primary cause of vascular cognitive impairment, causing decline in executive function (EF) and information processing speed (IPS). Imaging biomarkers are needed to monitor and identify individuals at risk of severe cognitive decline. Recently there has been interest in combining several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of SVD into a unitary score to describe disease severity. We present a diffusion tensor image (DTI) segmentation technique (DSEG) to describe SVD related changes in a single score across the whole cerebrum, and investigate its relationship with cognitive change over three-years. 98 patients (aged 43–89) with SVD underwent annual MRI scanning and cognitive testing for three years. DSEG provides a vector of 16 discrete segments describing brain microstructure of healthy and/or damaged tissue. By calculating the scalar product of each DSEG vector in reference to that of a healthy ageing control we generate an angular measure (DSEG θ) describing the patients’ brain tissue microstructural similarity to a disease free model of a healthy ageing brain. Conventional MRI markers of SVD brain change were also assessed including white matter hyperintensities, cerebral atrophy, incident lacunes, cerebral-microbleeds, and white matter microstructural damage measured by DTI histogram parameters. The impact of brain change on cognition was explored using linear mixed-effects models. Changes in brain structure described by DSEG θ were related to change in EF and IPS (p <.001) and remained significant in multivariate models including other MRI markers of SVD as well as age, gender and premorbid IQ. New lacunes was the only other marker to remain a significant predictor of change in EF and IPS in the multivariate models (p = .002). Change in DSEG θ was related to change in all other MRI markers (p <.017). DSEG θ is a powerful tool for characterising brain change in SVD that has a negative impact on cognition and remains a significant predictor of cognitive change when other MRI markers of brain change are accounted for. As such it may provide a surrogate marker of SVD severity from a single imaging modality (i.e. DTIs).
A New Scaling Methodology For The 0.1 - 0.025/spl mu/m MOSFET (1993)

In this work a MOSFET structure with an undoped ultra-thin epitaxial layer over an heavily doped substrate is compared to an uniformly doped MOS (2 x 10^18), a buried channel MOS and two SOI structures (Fig. 1). The first (SOI-S) is made of an ultra-thin undoped Si layer (10 nm) over a 50 nm thick oxide layer. The second one (SOI-D) is a double gate structure with a silicon layer 10 nm thick. Extremely shallow LDD-type source/drain profiles are adopted for all the considered structures.
Long Duration Bed Rest Modifies Cardiovagal Baroreflex Control but not Baroreflex Control of Muscle Sympathetic Action Potential Activity in Humans (2021)

Our understanding of altered neuro‐cardiovascular control following long‐duration inactivity via head‐down bed rest (HDBR) is incomplete. Here, we retrospectively analyzed two long‐duration HDBR studies, including female (n=17; 32±5 years) and male (n=16; 29±7 years) cohorts, to determine whether HDBR 1) alters spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) similarly between males and females and 2) alters spontaneous baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic action potentials (AP) in males. Heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram) and arterial blood pressure (BP; finger‐plethysmography) were continuously measured during 5‐minutes of supine rest prior to and following 60‐days bed rest in a ‐6° head‐down position. Spontaneous cBRS was assessed by the relationship between R‐R interval and systolic BP analyzed using the linear regression sequence method. Recordings of multi‐unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (peroneal microneurography) were obtained and a continuous wavelet transform detected APs which were grouped into AP clusters with similar morphology (n=10, all males). Baroreflex threshold for AP cluster discharge was assessed by linear regression analysis of the relationship between AP cluster discharge probability and diastolic BP. No change in resting HR (64±9 versus 66±9 /min, P=0.12) or mean BP (91.2±9.0 versus 90.6±9.2 mmHg, P=0.73) occurred after HDBR. Reductions in cBRS after HDBR (‐4.1±9.4 ms/mmHg, Time effect: P&lt;0.01) were similar between males and females (Time‐by‐Sex effect: P=0.51) and not related to changes in total blood volume (r 2 =0.045, P=0.24). Grouped AP clusters demonstrated heterogenous arterial baroreflex threshold gain according to AP cluster morphology (Cluster effect: P&lt;0.01) which was unaltered following HDBR (Time‐by‐Cluster effect: P=0.43). In summary, males and females similarly attenuate cBRS following 60‐days of HDBR and novel evidence indicates HDBR does not alter spontaneous baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic APs in males.
Theoretische Messunsicherheit der erweiterten statistischen Extinktionsmethode zum Inline‐Monitoring von Emulgierprozessen (2014)

This laboratory system is suitable for fast non-invasive study of many nanostructured materials as well as for product quality assurance in synthesis processes.
PV‐GO: A multiobjective and robust optimization approach for the grid metallization design of Si‐based solar cells and modules (2018)

Abstract This paper proposes a new optimization approach for the metallization design of solar cells and modules. While previous works have only optimized a maximum of two parameters at a time (which might lead to the loss of the optimal solution), we developed a graphic user interface tool in MATLAB called Photovoltaic Grid Optimizer (PV‐GO) which is able to optimize several parameters in parallel (fingers, busbars, silver pads, and ribbons) with the objectives to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell/module and to reduce the silver consumption. The fabrication cost is subsequently estimated. Two multiobjective optimization algorithms are used: Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) and Multi‐objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) as well as a robust condition to ensure that the results are not severely affected by slight changes on the input parameters. The solar cell/module performance is estimated based on the two‐diode model considering the influence of the optimization variables under standard test conditions (STC). To evaluate our methodology, we present the optimization design for industrial Cz‐Si–based p‐type Al‐BSF monofacial and PERT bifacial, full‐cell (15.6 × 15.6 cm 2 ) and half‐cell (15.6 × 7.8 cm 2 ), solar cells and modules. Our methodology provides an optimal design suitable for different market situations that should be considered by the PV manufactures to enhance their electrical performance and reduce their silver consumption, and ultimately improve their profitability.
Analysis of potential markers for detection of submicroscopic lymph node metastases in breast cancer (1999)

We have developed sensitive assays for cytokeratin (K) 8, 16, 19, stromelysin 3 (ST3), MUC1 and maspin mRNAs using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and used these to assess lymph node status in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer. In addition the RT-PCR assays were tested against lymph nodes from non-cancer patients to determine their specificity. Despite high sensitivity RT-PCR assays for K8, K16, K19, ST3 and maspin were not found to be useful as markers of submicroscopic disease as transcripts of these genes were detected in the great majority of control lymph nodes tested. Expression of MUC1 was also not found to be useful as it was both insensitive and non-specific. The importance of assessing potential markers against an adequately sized control population is demonstrated, as failure to do so can lead to erroneous conclusions.
Effects of Mesh Planes on Signal Integrity in Glass Ceramic Packages for High-Performance Servers (2013)

This paper discusses effects of mesh planes on signal integrity in high-speed glass ceramic packages. One of serious signal integrity issues in high-speed glass ceramic packages is high far-end (FE) noise coupling between signal interconnects. Based on signal integrity analysis, a methodology is presented for reducing far-end noise coupling between signal interconnects in high-speed glass ceramic modules. This methodology employing power/ground mesh planes with alternating spacing and a via-connected coplanar-type shield (VCS) structure is suggested to minimize far-end noise coupling between signal lines in high-speed glass ceramic packages. Optimized interconnect structure based on this methodology has demonstrated that the saturated far-end noise coupling of a typical interconnect structure in glass ceramic modules could be reduced significantly by 73.3 %.
Perceptive Locomotion through Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (2022)

Dynamic locomotion in rough terrain requires accurate foot placement, collision avoidance, and planning of the underactuated dynamics of the system. Reliably optimizing for such motions and interactions in the presence of imperfect and often incomplete perceptive information is challenging. We present a complete perception, planning, and control pipeline, that can optimize motions for all degrees of freedom of the robot in real-time. To mitigate the numerical challenges posed by the terrain a sequence of convex inequality constraints is extracted as local approximations of foothold feasibility and embedded into an online model predictive controller. Steppability classification, plane segmentation, and a signed distance field are precomputed per elevation map to minimize the computational effort during the optimization. A combination of multiple-shooting, real-time iteration, and a filter-based line-search are used to solve the formulated problem reliably and at high rate. We validate the proposed method in scenarios with gaps, slopes, and stepping stones in simulation and experimentally on the ANYmal quadruped platform, resulting in state-of-the-art dynamic climbing.
Influence of internal electric field on the transport properties of the magnetoplumbite system BaFe12-xMnxO19 (1987)

Measurement of the room temperature conductivity and Seebeck coefficient for the magnetoplumbite system BaFe12-xMnxO19, 0<or=x<9, shows that Mn substitution increases the p-type conductivity caused by an enhancement of hole concentration, presumably Fe4+ or Mn4+ ions. This observation supports the deduction from neutron diffraction data that the Mn in the tetrahedral sites 4fiv of the spinel blocks is Mn2+. Such a formal-valence distribution is shown to be possible because of a lack of local charge neutrality in the structure. The intergrowth of (BaFe6O11)2- R blocks and (Fe6O8)2+ S blocks creates an internal electric field parallel to the c axis that shifts the redox potentials at 4e(1/2) sites relative to those at 4fiv sites. Measurement of the temperature dependence of the conductivity gives Arrhenius plots with two activation energies; E1 for T<Tc and E2 for T>Tc, where Tc is the Curie temperature. E1 approximately=0.37 eV appears to be a motional enthalpy which is essentially independent of x, but E2>E1 at x=0 changes to E2<E1 at larger x.
Effects of External Organics on Growth and Turion Formation of Rootless Duckweed Wolffia arrhiza (2015)

Rootless duckweed Wolffi a arrhiza is a promising biomass resource because it can grow rapidly and form starch-rich turions. This study examined effects of external organic compounds on the growth and turion formation of W. arrhiza. The organic compounds were investigated as possible factors to improve starch productivity. Among the tested organic compounds, certain saccharides such as sucrose, fructose, maltose and cellobiose enhanced the growth and turion formation of W. arrhiza. Although some other organic compounds inhibited its growth, glucose, citrate, pyruvate, and succinate slightly induced the turion formation of W. arrhiza. The addition of both sucrose and inorganic nitrogen promoted effectively the starch production by W. arrhiza. Results show that effi cient systems which contribute to nutrient removal and starch production can be established using W. arrhiza by addition of proper organic compounds.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE METABOLISM OF OESTRADIOL IN MAN (1962)

FISHMAN, JACK; BRADLOW, H. LEON; ZUHOFF, BARNETT; HELLMAN, LEON; Gallagher, T. F. Author Information
Cell receptor and surface ligand density effects on dynamic states of adhering circulating tumor cells (2011)

Dynamic states of cancer cells moving under shear flow in an antibody-functionalized microchannel are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The cell motion is analyzed with the aid of a simplified physical model featuring a receptor-coated rigid sphere moving above a solid surface with immobilized ligands. The motion of the sphere is described by the Langevin equation accounting for the hydrodynamic loadings, gravitational force, receptor-ligand bindings, and thermal fluctuations; the receptor-ligand bonds are modeled as linear springs. Depending on the applied shear flow rate, three dynamic states of cell motion have been identified: (i) free motion, (ii) rolling adhesion, and (iii) firm adhesion. Of particular interest is the fraction of captured circulating tumor cells, defined as the capture ratio, via specific receptor-ligand bonds. The cell capture ratio decreases with increasing shear flow rate with a characteristic rate. Based on both experimental and theoretical results, the characteristic flow rate increases monotonically with increasing either cell-receptor or surface-ligand density within certain ranges. Utilizing it as a scaling parameter, flow-rate dependent capture ratios for various cell-surface combinations collapse onto a single curve described by an exponential formula.
Enteritis (So-Called Runting Stunting Syndrome) in Georgia Broiler Chicks (1993)

So-called runting stunting syndrome (RSS) afflicts chicks worldwide. The present study in Georgia chicks is the first report of unique histologic features of RSS pathology in chicks in the United States. Various combinations of avian nephritis virus, enterovirus-612, and reovirus were always isolated from chick small intestines. Ultrastructurally, only small round viruses were seen in small intestinal lesions. Although finding intralesional virus in small intestinal segments from chicks with signs and gross lesions consistent with RSS constitutes a reasonable criterion for making a diagnosis of this disease, chicks without intralesional viruses and with bacterial or protozoal enteritis may also be small and abnormally feathered. Because just what constitutes RSS remains a diagnostic dilemma, we recommend that the use of the imprecise acronym "RSS" be discontinued.
Multi-energy CT based on a prior rank, intensity and sparsity model (PRISM) (2011)

We propose a compressive sensing approach for multi-energy computed tomography (CT), namely the prior rank, intensity and sparsity model (PRISM). To further compress the multi-energy image for allowing the reconstruction with fewer CT data and less radiation dose, the PRISM models a multi-energy image as the superposition of a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix (with row dimension in space and column dimension in energy), where the low-rank matrix corresponds to the stationary background over energy that has a low matrix rank, and the sparse matrix represents the rest of distinct spectral features that are often sparse. Distinct from previous methods, the PRISM utilizes the generalized rank, e.g., the matrix rank of tight-frame transform of a multi-energy image, which offers a way to characterize the multi-level and multi-filtered image coherence across the energy spectrum. Besides, the energy-dependent intensity information can be incorporated into the PRISM in terms of the spectral curves for base materials, with which the restoration of the multi-energy image becomes the reconstruction of the energy-independent material composition matrix. In other words, the PRISM utilizes prior knowledge on the generalized rank and sparsity of a multi-energy image, and intensity/spectral characteristics of base materials. Furthermore, we develop an accurate and fast split Bregman method for the PRISM and demonstrate the superior performance of the PRISM relative to several competing methods in simulations.
Performance testing of vegetable oil substitutes for diesel fuel. (1981)

Five different vegetable oils tested are acceptable substitutes for diesel fuel in short term performance tests. Long term tests show that engine life appears to be related to fatty acid content and viscosity of the oil used. Chemical and physical characteristics of the oils are included. 16 refs.
Application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points to Control Surgical Site Infections in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (2008)

This study examined critical points linked to the increase of surgical site infections in patients undergoing joint replacement. With this type of infection, it is not always possible to detect specific causes, and it often is necessary to perform a systematic review of assistance processes. Using Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points methodology, 4 stages of patients' pathway were identified: preoperative assessment, surgical procedure, postoperative assistance, and discharge. Surgical site infection risk factors were identified for each stage and categorized as patient conditions, staff and procedures, equipment, and environment.
Fatigue and fracture of a railway wheel steel (1994)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1994.
Scattering of xenon from Ni(111): Collision-induced corrugation and energy transfer dynamics (2000)

Experiments have been conducted in which a beam of xenon atoms collides with a clean Ni(111) surface, and the speed and angular distributions of the scattered Xe atoms are measured for different incident energies, incident angles, and surface temperatures. At high incident energies, the translational energy of the scattered Xe is independent of initial and final scattering angles. This result is attributed to multiple xenon-surface collisions prior to Xe escape. At lower incident energies, the scattering behavior depends more on the scattering angle. Interestingly, a small fraction of Xe is trapped on a 250 K Ni(111) surface at high incident translational energies.