gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal/dye-doped core-shell silica nanoparticles for potential use in bioassay (2013)

Nanoparticles (NPs) have become an important material used to detect bio-targets at the molecular level with accurate quantification and multiplex detection, in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Various types of NPs have been developed so far for selective tagging of a wide range of bio targets. In this work, metal and dye, both doped silica core-shell NPs with the combination of Cs and Cy5, Cd and RhBITC, and Pb and FITC were synthesized for particle tagging and characterized by ICP-MS. For the metal and dye doping, metal salts and dyes were seeded together during the core formation, and then the surface was covered with silica shell. The developed synthesis method will provide an important opportunity to produce silica NPs (SNPs) bearing various metal ions for multiplex detection. In addition, fluorescence from the doped dye offers a tool to monitor the particle loss during the treatment procedures. No leaching of doped Cd into 2% nitric acid was observed for 18 days. The estimated average numbers of Pb, Cs and Cd atoms in each NP were in the range of 3.3 × 104 to 2.7 × 106 atoms, and the limit of detection was about 64.6 particles for Pb, 7.7 particles for Cs, and 11.8 particles for Cd. For demonstration of potential bio application, the synthesized Cs/Cy5-doped core-shell SNPs were used to monitor ss-DNA cleavage through Fenton-type reaction.
The influenza A virus NS genome segment displays lineage-specific patterns in predicted RNA secondary structure (2016)

These results suggest a possible functional role for these RNA secondary structures and the need for experimental evaluation of these structures in the influenza life cycle.
Privacy: A Judicial Perspective (2014)

Towards the end of the 20th century, there developed in most of the ‘western’ democracies a concern to protect personal privacy and, if possible, by means of enforceable legal remedies. There were a number of factors underlying this general trend, some driven by technological developments in the handling and dissemination of information, others by more elusive social or moral considerations. There were naturally worries about the need to limit state intrusion into the lives of citizens and to safeguard the information nowadays inevitably generated in the course of conducting those lives in a complex and closely regulated society.
Capturing early human memory consolidation utilizing the higher functional specificity of 7T compared to 3T-fMRI (2022)

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) visualizes brain structures at increasingly higher resolution and better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as field strength increases. Yet, mapping the BOLD response to distinct neuronal processes continues to be challenging. Here, we performed 3T and 7T-fMRI analysis of motor-task activation and resting-state connectivity with adjusted SNR. We then applied graph theory to analyze resting-state neuronal networks detected by fMRI after a simple motor task. Despite adjusted SNR, 7T achieved a higher functional specificity of the BOLD response than 3T-fMRI. Following the motor task, 7T-fMRI therefore enabled the detection of an ‘offline replay’ that was directly linked to brain regions associated with memory consolidation. These findings reveal how memory processing is initiated even after simple motor tasks and begins earlier than previously shown. Thus, the superior capability of 7T-fMRI to detect subtle functional dynamics promises to improve diagnostics and therapeutic assessment of neurological diseases.
Understanding a Hydroformylation Catalyst that Produces Branched Aldehydes from Alkyl Alkenes (2017)

This paper reports experimental and computational studies on the mechanism of a rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation that is selective for branched aldehyde products from unbiased alkene substrates. This highly unusual selectivity relies on a phospholane-phosphite ligand prosaically called BOBPHOS. Kinetic studies using in situ high pressure IR (HPIR) and the reaction progress kinetic analysis methodology suggested two steps in the catalytic cycle were involved as turnover determining. Negative order in CO and positive orders in alkene and H<sub>2</sub> were found and the effect of hydrogen and carbon monoxide partial pressures on selectivity were measured. Labeling studies found rhodium hydride addition to the alkene to be largely irreversible. Detailed spectroscopic HPIR and NMR characterization of activated rhodium-hydrido dicarbonyl species were carried out. In the absence of H<sub>2</sub>, reaction of the rhodium-hydrido dicarbonyl with allylbenzene allowed further detailed spectroscopic characterization of four- and five-coordinate rhodium-acyl species. Under single-turnover conditions, the ratios of branched to linear acyl species were preserved in the final ratios of aldehyde products. Theoretical investigations uncovered unexpected stabilizing CH-π interactions between the ligand and substrate which influenced the high branched selectivity by causing potentially low energy pathways to become unproductive. Energy span and degree of TOF control analysis strongly support experimental observations and mechanistic rationale. A three-dimensional quadrant model was built to represent the structural origins of regio- and enantioselectivity.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS (2021)

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
Latest results of the OPERA experiment on nu-tau appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam (2018)

OPERA is a long-baseline experiment designed to search for $ν_μ\toν_τ$ oscillations in appearance mode. It was based at the INFN Gran Sasso laboratory (LNGS) and took data from 2008 to 2012 with the CNGS neutrino beam from CERN. After the discovery of $ν_τ$ appearance in 2015, with $5.1σ$ significance, the criteria to select $ν_τ$ candidates have been extended and a multivariate approach has been used for events identification. In this way the statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the oscillation parameters and of $ν_τ$ properties has been improved. Results are reported.
Optimum Distance Quadratic Permutation Polynomial-Based Interleavers for Turbo Codes (2006)

An interleaver is a critical component for the channel coding performance of turbo codes. Algebraic constructions are of particular interest because they admit analytical designs and simple, practical hardware implementation. Also, the recently proposed quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP) based interleavers by Sun and Takeshita (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Jan. 2005) provide excellent performance for short-to-medium block lengths. In this work the minimum distance of turbo codes with QPP-based interleavers is considered in detail. Large tables of optimum (in terms of turbo code minimum distance and multiplicity) QPPs for turbo codes with 8-state and 16-state constituent codes are presented. The minimum distances are compared to existing results in the literature on dithered relative prime (DRP) interleavers. The optimality of the new tables makes them an excellent source of information to advance the understanding of permutation polynomial (PP) based interleavers
Selective halogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons with alumina-supported copper(II) halides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective halogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons with alumina-supported copper(II) halidesMitsuo Kodomari, Hiroaki Satoh, and Suehiko YoshitomiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 9, 2093–2094Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00244a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00244a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3713Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-frequency electrical noise of high-speed, high-performance 1.3 μm strained multiquantum well gain-coupled distributed feedback lasers (2000)

Measurements of low-frequency electrical noise (LFN) in an in-phase gain-coupled distributed feedback lasers with etched quantum-well active-layers emitting at 1.3 μm wavelength have been conducted. In particular, the injected current dependence of LFN is investigated over a wide range of injection current (from 10−2 μA to 60 mA). Pure 1/f noise spectra were observed in all measurements. The current dependence of the 1/f noise strongly correlates to the I–V characteristics. We find that noise from different mechanisms dominates when the lasers operate in different ranges of injection currents.
Do patient-specific instruments (PSI) for UKA allow non-expert surgeons to achieve the same saw cut accuracy as expert surgeons? (2018)

In a sawbone model, PSI allowed inexperienced surgeons to achieve more accurate saw cuts, equivalent to expert surgeons, and thus has the potential to reduce revision rates. The next test will be to determine whether these results can be replicated in a clinical trial.
SU‐F‐J‐163: In Vivo Quantification of Sequence Parameter Effect On Geometric Distortion Caused by Implanted Titanium Brachytherapy Applicator (2016)

Purpose: The use of MR to plan and evaluate brachytherapy treatment for cervical cancer is increasing given the availability of MR conditional or safe applicators and MRI's proven superiority to CT for characterizing soft tissue lesions. The titanium applicators, however, cause geometric distortions or imaging artifacts, which reduce the utility of MRI for dosimetry. We sought to quantify the observed volume of the same applicator on a previously optimized T2 sequence in comparison to the conventional T2 sequence and CT obtained for brachytherapy planning. Methods: Prior work with testing in phantoms showed that increases in readout bandwidth yielded reductions in artifact area and distortion measurements even with voxel increases. Following IRB approval, nine patients with titanium tandem &amp; ovoid applicator (Varian Medical Systems) in place were scanned with a standard periprocedural protocol which included sagittal T2 fast spin echo (FSE) acquisition (res 0.98×0.78×4.0 mm 3 ; BW 200Hz). An additional T2‐weighted FSE sequence (res 0.98×0.98×3–4 mm 3 ; BW500Hz) with increased readout bandwidth, readout voxel size, and echo train length was added to the protocol. Volume measurements of the applicator (from tip to cervical stop) were hand‐segmented in Velocity AI 3.1 (Velocity Medical Solutions) for the two T2 FSE sequences and a planning CT obtained shortly after MRI. Differences were analyzed using a paired t‐test. Results: Average apparent volumes of the applicator on standard T2 sequence, decreased bandwidth T2 sequence and CT were 5.922±1.283 cm 3 , 4.544±1.524 cm3, and 2.304±0.509 cm 3 respectively. Conclusion: Apparent volumes of a brachytherapy applicator can be compared in vivo. The modified sequence results in decreased apparent size of the cervical applicator. Both MR sequence volumes were larger than the planning CT, which was expected. Future work will focus on the diagnostic quality of the new sequence and quantifying any geometric shifts after CT to MRI registration based on anatomical landmarks.
Bioenergetics and Gene Silencing Approaches for Unraveling Nucleotide Recognition by the Human EIF2C2/Ago2 PAZ Domain (2014)

Gene silencing and RNA interference are major cellular processes that control gene expression via the cleavage of target mRNA. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C2 (EIF2C2, Argonaute protein 2, Ago2) is considered to be the major player of RNAi as it is the core component of RISC complexes. While a considerable amount of research has focused on RNA interference and its associated mechanisms, the nature and mechanisms of nucleotide recognition by the PAZ domain of EIF2C2/Ago2 have not yet been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the EIF2C2/Ago2 PAZ domain has an inherent lack of binding to adenine nucleotides, a feature that highlights the poor binding of 3'-adenylated RNAs with the PAZ domain as well as the selective high trimming of the 3'-ends of miRNA containing adenine nucleotides. We further show that the PAZ domain selectively binds all ribonucleotides (except adenosine), whereas it poorly recognizes deoxyribonucleotides. In this context, the modification of dTMP to its ribonucleotide analogue gave a drastic improvement of binding enthalpy and, hence, binding affinity. Additionally, higher in vivo gene silencing efficacy was correlated with the stronger PAZ domain binders. These findings provide new insights into the nature of the interactions of the EIF2C2/Ago2 PAZ domain.
An Analytical Representation of the 3GPP 3D Channel Model Parameters for mmWave Bands (2018)

Accurate performance prediction for the emerging 3GPP New Radio (NR) technology over millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands is crucial for the upcoming deployments of 5G and beyond cellular networks, utilizing NR. 3GPP has recently presented a 3D multipath cluster-based mmWave channel model for 5G NR, which captures the salient propagation characteristics of the mmWave bands, allowing for better prediction of mmWave system performance. However, it is difficult to directly employ the 3GPP models for analytical system characterization, as most of the parameters are computed through iterative algorithms. In the paper, we address this problem by presenting a statistical approximation for the important parameters of the 3GPP 3D cluster-based channel model, particularly, zenith angle of arrival and power share of every cluster. We then show how the constructed approximation can be used to analytically derive the performance indicators for mmWave NR systems, including outage probability. We compare the results obtained with our proposed statistical approximation model with those given by state-of-the-art simplified single cluster analytical models as well as illustrate the improvements in the accuracy of results.
Detection of Three Avian Respiratory Viruses by Single-Tube Multiplex Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (2004)

Acute respiratory tract infections are leading causes of morbidity in poultry farms throughout the world. Avian pneumovirus (APV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have been recognized as the most important pathogens of both chicken and turkeys. Single-virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (sRT-PCR) assays are used extensively to detect these viruses in clinical samples. This study reports the development and evaluation of a single-tube multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay for simultaneous and specific detection of APV, AIV, and NDV. Specific primers for each virus were selected that amplified products of predicted sizes from each virus in the mRT-PCR as well as in the sRT-PCR assays (438, 218, and 532 bp for APV, AIV, and NDV, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of mRT-PCR assay were compared with those of the sRT-PCR. The mRT-PCR assay was as sensitive as the sRT-PCR assays because virus detection limits were similar in both assays. The detection limits of mRT-PCR assay were 10(0.5) tissue culture infective dose (50%) (TCID50)/ml, 10(1.2) TCID50/ml, and 10(0.7) TCID50/ml for APV, AIV, and NDV, respectively. Overall, there was an excellent correlation between mRT-PCR and sRT-PCR assays. No product amplification was obtained with nucleic acid from infectious bronchitis virus and reovirus using these primer sets. In summary, mRT-PCR assay holds potential to be an economical and rapid diagnostic method for the simultaneous detection of 3 avian respiratory viruses in chickens and turkeys.
The potential of Yb:YCa_4O(BO_3)_3 crystal in generating high-energy laser pulses (2013)

The passive Q-switching laser performance of Yb:YCa(4)O(BO(3))(3) is studied with crystals cut along the principal optical axes. Using a Cr(4+):YAG saturable absorber with initial transmission of 93.7% and an output coupler of transmission of 40%, efficient Q-switched laser operation is achieved with a X-cut crystal, generating an output power of 2.14 W at a pulse repetition rate of 4.5 kHz. The resulting laser pulse is 9.3 ns in duration, with the energy being as high as 476 μJ and the peak power amounting to 51.2 kW. The results demonstrated in this work reveal the great potential of this crystal in developing high-energy compact pulsed lasers.
Modulation of N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor function by glycine transport (1998)

The recent discovery of glycine transporters in both the central nervous system and the periphery suggests that glycine transport may be critical to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function by controlling glycine concentration at the NMDAR modulatory glycine site. Data obtained from whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, in vitro, demonstrated that exogenous glycine and glycine transporter type 1 (GLYT1) antagonist selectively enhanced the amplitude of the NMDA component of a glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current. The effect was blocked by 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and 7-chloro-kynurenic acid but not by strychnine. Thus, the glycine-binding site was not saturated under the control conditions. Furthermore, GLYT1 antagonist enhanced NMDAR function during perfusion with medium containing 10 microM glycine, a concentration similar to that in the cerebrospinal fluid in vivo, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the GLYT1 maintains subsaturating concentration of glycine at synaptically activated NMDAR. The enhancement of NMDAR function by specific GLYT1 antagonism may be a feasible target for therapeutic agents directed toward diseases related to hypofunction of NMDAR.
Calculating the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells with industry based silicon solar cells (2010)

Our senior design project deal with two types of solar cell technologies: industry standard Si-based and the emerging one based on novel dye sensitized materials. Dye sensitized solar cells will be fabricated in a laboratory setting. FTIR and Raman microscopy will be used to study the surface make-up of the novel solar cells. A thin film flexible photovoltaic cell will be characterized. The efficiency of the dye sensitized solar cells will be compared to that of thin film Si-based solar cells. We will design the experiments and perform measurements using LabView controlled data acquisition. The prospects to improve the efficiency of the novel solar cell technology will be discussed.
Characterization of Interferon-γ–Treated Melanoma Tumor Cells for Use in Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy (2011)

Efficient delivery of tumor-associated antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells is important for inducing a response in patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is used by the immune system to combat viral and fungal infections by restricting cell proliferation and, in some cases, inducing apoptosis. Using IFN-γ to activate target tumor cells prior to antigen loading of dendritic cells (DCs) may enhance the beneficial qualities of whole-cell tumor vaccines. The incubation of melanoma cell cultures with IFN-γ resulted in an increase in the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules and ICAM-1 but generally decreased the expression of melanoma-associated tumor antigens. Additionally, important immune-stimulating molecules (heat-shock proteins, high-mobility group box-1 protein, and calreticulin) were also present but differentially regulated by IFN-γ. Loading of DCs with IFN-γ-treated tumor cells resulted in a small but significant increase in the expression of CD83-positive DCs, indicating the initiation of DC maturation (p=0.019). IFN-γ treatment of melanoma cell lines prior to antigen loading of DCs may aid in antigen processing and presentation.
<title>Holographically corrected telescope for high-bandwidth optical communications</title> (1999)

We describe a method by which a lightweight, low-quality, reflecting primary is holographically corrected to diffraction limited operation. The resulting telescope can be used to transmit or receive optical data signals with frequencies up to 100 GHz with high SNR (&gt; 60 dB). The simplicity of this design makes it ideal for future global satellite networks or space probe communications.
Advanced Modulation Formats for Transmission Systems (2008)

DQPSK has shown that multilevel modulation formats can enable new possibilities in optical communication systems. The paper presents several options to go to even more advanced formats using direct detection.
Steady-Sensitivity Distributed Acoustic Sensors (2018)

Distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φOTDR) have demonstrated interesting performance for many applications ranging from seismology to pipeline protection. However, the sensitivity of traditional DAS relying on coherent detection is strongly dependent on the system noise and trace fading points, offering poor reliability of the results in the spatial dimension. In this manuscript, we evaluate the statistical performance of a recently proposed DAS technique, namely, chirped-pulse φOTDR, in terms of sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our results show behavioral trends that significantly differ from those of traditional DAS. In particular, the acoustic SNR distribution in chirped-pulse DAS is notably narrower than that in the traditional case, allowing to ensure a large system dynamic range across all the points of the optical trace. Hence, chirped-pulse φOTDR offers localized perturbation detection with very high reliability, almost independent of trace fading points, along the complete reachable range of the sensor.