gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Inhibits Differentiation and Increases Apoptotic Cell Death of Precursor T-Cells in the Fetal Mouse Thymus (2005)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes thymic atrophy as well as alterations in thymocyte maturity in mice. Multiple mechanisms for thymic hypocellularity have been suggested, and include an increase in thymocyte apoptosis, a maturation arrest of thymocyte development, inhibited thymocyte proliferation, and a diminution of seeding of the thymus by the hematopoietic progenitors in the fetal liver or adult bone marrow. Fetal mice are highly sensitive to hypocellularity induction by TCDD when the chemical is administered during the window of thymic development, between days 10 and 18 of gestation. Treatment of pregnant C57Bl/6 mice in the present experiments with doses of 5 or 10 mu g/kg TCDD by oral gavage on gestation days 14 and 16 severely depressed day 18 thymic cellularity. Histopathologic evaluation of day 18 fetal thymi showed disruption of the normal organ architecture with loss of clear distinction between cortical and medullary regions after TCDD. A decrease in thymocyte density was noted in all regions, and was most dramatic in the cortical zones where pyknotic cells were increased by TCDD treatment. Using day 18 thymocyte suspensions and flow cytometry, the marker 7-AAD showed a decrease in viable thymocytes from TCDD-treated fetal mice, and a concomitant and dose-related increase of thymocytes in early apoptosis. Specifically, relative to control, thymocytes from the 5 and 10 mug/kg TCDD exposure groups displayed 1.9% and 5.3% respective increases in early apoptotic cells. When thymocytes were co-identified by CD4 and CD8 cell surface antigen expression, the enhanced apoptosis occurred in the CD4(+)CD8(+) phenotype with no significant apoptosis seen in the CD4(-)CD8(-), CD4(+)CD8(-), or CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes. Given the rapid clearance of apoptotic cells from the thymus, these histopathologic and cytometric data suggest increased thymocyte apoptosis contributes to fetal thymic atrophy after TCDD exposure.
Decadal to centennial fluctuations in the intensity of the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone during the last 1200 years (2016)

Abstract Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), located below highly productive marine regions, are sites of microbially mediated denitrification and biogeochemical cycling that have global significance. The intensity of OMZs fluctuates naturally; however, the degree of these fluctuations and a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive these fluctuations on decadal to centennial time scales is lacking. Our high‐resolution (near‐annual) record of δ 15 N sed from laminated sediments at the Pescadero Slope in the Gulf of California (eastern tropical North Pacific) fluctuates between maximum values of 10.5‰ and minimum values of 8.0‰ over the past 1200 years. An analysis of the relationship between δ 15 NO 3 − and [O 2 ] in the water column suggests that the observed range of δ 15 N sed values is equivalent to an approximately 8 µ M fluctuation in O 2 content and that these changes can occur in less than 25 years. Our findings show that the OMZ typically intensifies quickly and contracts gradually; the average rate of OMZ intensification (−0.24 µ M O 2 /yr) is twice as fast as the rate of OMZ reoxygenation. Spectral analyses of the δ 15 N sed record and Br/Cl counts, with the latter are used as a proxy for organic carbon preservation, suggest that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Suess (deVries) solar cycle (solar irradiance) may influence the intensity of the OMZ and carbon production/export during the late Holocene. Coherence between δ 15 N sed and weight percent organic carbon also suggests that similar mechanisms influence both OMZ fluctuations and variation in organic carbon production/export.
Global augmentation of ADS-B using Iridium NEXT hosted payloads (2011)

Presents the collection of slide covering the following topics: Iridium communication overview; Iridium NEXT hosted payloads; ADS-B global augmentation through Iridium NEXT payloads; Iridium NEXT based ADS-B initiative; and Iridium NEXT ADS-B augmentation target market.
Tripwire Detection in SAR Images Using a Modified Radon Transform (2020)

Anti-personnel fragmentation mines and improvised explosive devices often use metallic wires-so-called tripwires-for the trigger mechanism. Depending on environment and vegetation, these wires are hardly visible. Therefore, an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was developed to assist the process of mine clearance. In this work, an algorithm for the detection and localization of tripwires in SAR images is proposed. A modified Radon transform is employed that relies on the SAR phase information. Instead of simply integrating absolute values over a straight line, the complex-valued data is analyzed in the frequency domain. The result in the transformed image is then given by the maximum amplitude within a given frequency range, causing tripwires to clearly separate from clutter. The functionality of this algorithm is successfully demonstrated by measurements of tripwires attached to a dummy mine in wet grass.
Exchange of alkylammonium ions in the zeolite-L (1977)

A study has been made of the ion-exchange equilibria of NH+4, CH3NH+3, C2H5NH+3, n-C3H7NH+3, n-C4H9NH+3, (CH3)2NH+2, (CH3)3NH+, (C2H5)2NH+2 and (C2H5)3NH+ by the zeolite L. None of the alkylammonium ions could effect a complete replacement of the cations initially present in the zeolite. The maximum extent of exchange and the standard free energy of exchange were related to the molecular weight of the entering alkylammonium ions.It is suggested that there was an equilibrium distribution of the exchangeable cations over the different sites (C and D), governed by the nature and affinity of the entering alkylammonium ion and the cation initially present in the zeolite.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is transmissible in vitro between cells of the central nervous system (2018)

Improper protein folding and trafficking are common pathological events in neurodegenerative diseases that result in the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While low-level stimulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is protective, sustained UPR activation resulting from prolonged ER stress can promote neurotoxicity. The cell-autonomous mechanisms of the UPR have been extensively characterized. However, the cell-extrinsic role of the UPR under physiological and pathological states in the CNS remains to be elucidated. To begin to address this, we evaluated if transferring conditioned media between ER-stressed astrocytes and neurons could modulate their functional characteristics. Our results indicate that ER-stressed astrocytes and neurons secrete a molecule(s) with lipid characteristics which regulates both inflammatory and ER stress responses in other astrocytes, neurons, and microglia in vitro. Initial exposure to this stress factor(s) confers resistance against subsequent ER stress to neurons. However, persistent exposure to this unidentified mediator(s) suppresses the initial protective effect and becomes cytotoxic. Overall, these findings provide insight into the cell non-autonomous influence of ER stress on cells of the central nervous system. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
Evaluation and improvement of multiple sequence methods for protein secondary structure prediction (1999)

A new dataset of 396 protein domains is developed and used to evaluate the performance of the protein secondary structure prediction algorithms DSC, PHD, NNSSP, and PREDATOR. The maximum theoretical Q3 accuracy for combination of these methods is shown to be 78%. A simple consensus prediction on the 396 domains, with automatically generated multiple sequence alignments gives an average Q3 prediction accuracy of 72.9%. This is a 1% improvement over PHD, which was the best single method evaluated. Segment Overlap Accuracy (SOV) is 75.4% for the consensus method on the 396-protein set. The secondary structure definition method DSSP defines 8 states, but these are reduced by most authors to 3 for prediction. Application of the different published 8- to 3-state reduction methods shows variation of over 3% on apparent prediction accuracy. This suggests that care should be taken to compare methods by the same reduction method. Two new sequence datasets (CB513 and CB251) are derived which are suitable for cross-validation of secondary structure prediction methods without artifacts due to internal homology. A fully automatic World Wide Web service that predicts protein secondary structure by a combination of methods is available via http://barton.ebi.ac.uk/.
Cross‐Border Truck Drivers in Hong Kong: Their Psychological Health, Sexual Dysfunctions and Sexual Risk Behaviors (2007)

The problems of poor psychological health, sexual dysfunction, and sexual risk behaviors are common among cross-border truck drivers in Hong Kong. These problems are also found to be interrelated. Community programs to promote psychological health and proper sexual values, reduce smoking and drinking, and educate on STIs/HIV are urgently needed.
Traitement des plantes textiles à Maurecourt « la Croix de Choisy » (Yvelines) au Néolithique ancien (2008)

Le site de « La Croix de Choisy » à Maurecourt (Yvelines) forme un ensemble cohérent attribuable à une phase récente du groupe Bliquy – Villeneuve-Saint-Germain. L’hypothèse d’un traitement de plantes textiles est émise pour quatre fosses « particulières » par leur morphologie et comblement. Des analyses de phytolithes et macrorestes végétaux ont été engagées et ont révélé la présence sur le site d’ortie (Urtica dioïca) et de lin (Linum usitatissimum), ce dernier jusque là inconnu au Néolithique ancien dans le Nord de la France. L’une des phases du traitement de ces plantes, le rouissage, est suggérée dans les fosses « particulières » par la présence d’indicateurs d’humidité : spicules d’éponges et gyragonite de Charophytes, les premières associées aux phytolithes d’ortie. La rareté des preuves carpologiques de la culture du lin au Néolithique dans le Nord de la France et leur stricte association avec des preuves archéologiques de son traitement comme plante textile incitent à évoquer l’hypothèse d’une spécialisation de certains villages dans la transformation de cette plante. Les études tracéologiques de l’outillage en os et du matériel lithique semblent corroborer cette hypothèse.
Infrared technique for study of thin-film interfaces (1981)

Far-infrared studies have been made of n-type epitaxial PbTe films at high magnetic fields making use of the Nernst–Ettingshausen effect. The data are analyzed in terms of a parabolic band model of the conductivity tensor and a model for the heat flow in the sample. Comparison of measurements made with the radiation incident from the vacuum side with those with radiation incident from the substrate side of the sample gives information about the electronic structure at the two interfaces of the film.
Local perspective of the impact of the HIPAA privacy rule on research (2005)

Enactment of HIPAA initially placed a considerable burden on research time and costs. Establishing HIPAA-compliant recruitment policies can overcome some of these obstacles, although recruitment costs and time are likely to be greater than those observed before HIPAA.
Characterization of Ar/Cu electron-cyclotron-resonance plasmas using optical emission spectroscopy (1996)

Optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate trends with changes in processing parameters for Ar/Cu plasmas in an electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) plasma deposition system. The primary motivation for this work is to monitor trends in ionization fractions for copper deposition plasmas using a noninterfering diagnostic tool. The system, which consists of a solid copper sputter target coupled to a permanent magnet ECR microwave plasma system, is operated in the range of 1–6 mTorr argon with net microwave input power of 500–1500 W. Emission from the following excited states is monitored: Ar neutrals (696.5 nm); Ar ions (488 nm); Cu neutrals (521.8 and 216.5 nm); and Cu ions (213.6 nm). Cu ion emission and Cu neutral emission monotonically increase with net microwave input power but at slightly different rates for different pressures, while argon-ion emission as a function of pressure shows a broad peak around 4 mTorr. The ratio of Cu ion emission to Cu neutral emission is used as an indicator of the relative ionization efficiency for Cu and peaks near 5 mTorr. Spectroscopic estimates of electron temperature differences between pure Ar and Ar/Cu plasmas are also presented.
BACKGROUND RADIATION AND CANCER INCIDENCE IN KERALA, INDIA—KARANAGAPPALLY COHORT STUDY (2008)

The coastal belt of Karunagappally, Kerala, India, is known for high background radiation (HBR) from thorium-containing monazite sand. In coastal panchayats, median outdoor radiation levels are more than 4 mGy y-1 and, in certain locations on the coast, it is as high as 70 mGy y-1. Although HBR has been repeatedly shown to increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the circulating lymphocytes of exposed persons, its carcinogenic effect is still unproven. A cohort of all 385,103 residents in Karunagappally was established in the 1990's to evaluate health effects of HBR. Based on radiation level measurements, a radiation subcohort consisting of 173,067 residents was chosen. Cancer incidence in this subcohort aged 30-84 y (N = 69,958) was analyzed. Cumulative radiation dose for each individual was estimated based on outdoor and indoor dosimetry of each household, taking into account sex- and age-specific house occupancy factors. Following 69,958 residents for 10.5 years on average, 736,586 person-years of observation were accumulated and 1,379 cancer cases including 30 cases of leukemia were identified by the end of 2005. Poisson regression analysis of cohort data, stratified by sex, attained age, follow-up interval, socio-demographic factors and bidi smoking, showed no excess cancer risk from exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation. The excess relative risk of cancer excluding leukemia was estimated to be -0.13 Gy-1 (95% CI: -0.58, 0.46). In site-specific analysis, no cancer site was significantly related to cumulative radiation dose. Leukemia was not significantly related to HBR, either. Although the statistical power of the study might not be adequate due to the low dose, our cancer incidence study, together with previously reported cancer mortality studies in the HBR area of Yangjiang, China, suggests it is unlikely that estimates of risk at low doses are substantially greater than currently believed.
Extended tasks elicit complex eye movement patterns (2000)

Visual perception is an inherently complex task, yet the bulk of studies in the past were undertaken with subjects performing relatively simple tasks under reduced laboratory conditions. In the research reported here, we examined subjects' oculomotor performance as they performed two complex, extended tasks. In the first task, subjects built a model rocket from a kit. In the second task, a wearable eyetracker was used to monitor subjects as they walked to a restroom, washed their hands, and returned to the starting point. For the purposes of analysis, both tasks can be broken down into smaller sub-tasks that are performed in sequence. Differences in eye movement patterns and high-level strategies were observed in the model building and hand-washing tasks. Fixation durations recorded in the model building tasks were significantly shorter than those reported in simpler tasks. Performance in the hand-washing task revealed look-ahead eye movements made to objects well in advance of a subject's interaction with the object. Often occurring in the middle of another task, they provide overlapping temporal information about the environment, providing a mechanism to produce our conscious visual experience.
Evolution of Electrolytes for Hall‐Héroult Cells (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Baths of the Beginning Characterization of Bath More Recent Industrial Baths
Dimensionally Consistent Learning with Buckingham Pi (2022)

In the absence of governing equations, dimensional analysis is a robust technique for extracting insights and finding symmetries in physical systems. Given measurement variables and parameters, the Buckingham Pi theorem provides a procedure for finding a set of dimensionless groups that spans the solution space, although this set is not unique. We propose an automated approach using the symmetric and self-similar structure of available measurement data to discover the dimensionless groups that best collapse this data to a lower dimensional space according to an optimal fit. We develop three data-driven techniques that use the Buckingham Pi theorem as a constraint: (i) a constrained optimization problem with a non-parametric input-output fitting function, (ii) a deep learning algorithm (BuckiNet) that projects the input parameter space to a lower dimension in the first layer, and (iii) a technique based on sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) to discover dimensionless equations whose coefficients parameterize the dynamics. We explore the accuracy, robustness and computational complexity of these methods as applied to three example problems: a bead on a rotating hoop, a laminar boundary layer, and Rayleigh-Bénard convection.
Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) space optics handbook (1995)

The overall objective of this effort is to construct a top-level space optics handbook that provides design guidelines based upon data collected from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) experiment. The content of the handbook would cover optical coatings, surfaces, fiber optics, and fabricating process for lenses, windows and mirrors that were used on LDEF. The goal of this program (and handbook) is to ensure that the space community can derive the maximum benefit from the LDEF experiment relative to future optics designs for space applications. The summary of this handbook is 'What did we learn from the LDEF experiment?'
Remote Enantioselection Transmitted by an Achiral Peptide Nucleic Acid Backbone (2000)

Substitution of two D nucleotides for PNA monomers at the N terminus of one of the strands of a decameric PNA double helix, results in the formation of an almost homochiral population of fully right-handed duplexes (see scheme). This makes possible a highly enantioselective ligation reaction remote from the inducing chiral dimer. Remote enantioselection of this kind could overcome the problem of enantiomeric cross-inhibition, and thus greatly simplify a stepwise evolutionary transition from a prebiotic achiral material to a biological homochiral genetic material.
Optimization of E-service solutions with the Systems of Servers library (2002)

The paper describes a modeling library for analysis and optimization of distributed service systems: enterprise computing infrastructures, E-commerce, and E-service systems. The library uses a small number of basic notions, such as service, server, cluster (of servers), clients and message, which allow describing, analyzing and optimizing various system configurations and distributions of services among servers. The service requests and responses are modeled by messages traveling in the system and using its common resources. Clients send their requests to servers, which either return responses or may issue secondary requests for other services. To find the optimal deployment of services among servers, different partition policies can be deployed including partitions based on genetic algorithms. The library is built on top of Communicating Structures Library (CSL), a modeling environment for large-scale distributed systems (V.E. Kotov, 1998). In its turn, Systems of Servers is a base for specialized libraries that target specific classes of service systems.
S band microstrip antenna for high temperature onboard applications (2014)

In this paper design and development of an S Band linearly polarized microstrip patch antenna for high temperature applications is presented with simulated and measured results. The antenna requires dielectric cover over radiating portion to provide the protection from heat, physical damage and environment. This antenna configuration is mostly useful in applications like missiles, aircrafts, spacecrafts and satellites. The proposed antenna configuration is designed and optimized by simulation studies using IE3D which is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The radiation performance of single antenna, 4 element array mounted on vehicle body is carried out at S Band frequency.
Representation Independent Proximity and Similarity Search. (2015)

Finding similar or strongly related entities in a graph database is a fundamental problem in data management and analytics with applications in similarity query processing, entity resolution, and pattern matching. Similarity search algorithms usually leverage the structural properties of the data graph to quantify the degree of similarity or relevance between entities. Nevertheless, the same information can be represented in many different structures and the structural properties observed over particular representations do not necessarily hold for alternative structures. Thus, these algorithms are effective on some representations and ineffective on others. We postulate that a similarity search algorithm should return essentially the same answers over different databases that represent the same information. We formally define the property of representation independence for similarity search algorithms as their robustness against transformations that modify the structure of databases and preserve their information content. We formalize two widespread groups of such transformations called {\it relationship reorganizing} and {\it entity rearranging} transformations. We show that current similarity search algorithms are not representation independent under these transformations and propose an algorithm called {\bf R-PathSim}, which is provably robust under these transformations. We perform an extensive empirical study on the representation independence of current similarity search algorithms under relationship reorganizing and entity rearranging transformations. Our empirical results suggest that current similarity search algorithms except for R-PathSim are highly sensitive to the data representation. These results also indicate that R-PathSim is as effective or more effective than other similarity search algorithms.
Zero voltage switching double-wing multilevel modular switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with voltage regulation (2013)

This paper presents a phase-shift control method for double-wing multilevel modular switched-capacitor dc-dc converter (DW-MMCCC) to achieve output voltage regulation and zero voltage switching features. By utilizing the circuit stray inductance and the proposed phase-shift control method, the output voltage of DW-MMCCC can be controlled without sacrificing efficiency significantly. The DW-MMCCCs with odd conversion ratio and even conversion ratio are analyzed separately. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. A 500 W prototype is built; and experimental results is provided to validate the proposed operating method.