gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of riboflavin: 6,7âDimethylâ8âribityllumazine synthase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2002)

A cDNA sequence from Schizosaccharomyces pombe with similarity to 6,7âdimethylâ8âribityllumazine synthase was expressed in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain. The recombinant protein is a homopentamer of 17âkDa subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 87âkDa as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation (it sediments at an apparent velocity of 5.0âS at 20âÂ°C). The protein has beenâ£crystallized in space group C2221. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.4âA. The enzyme catalyses the formation of 6,7âdimethylâ8âribityllumazine from 5âaminoâ6âribitylaminoâ2,4(1H,3H)âpyrimidinedione and 3,4âdihydroxyâ 2âbutanone 4âphosphate. Steadyâstate kinetic analysis afforded a vmax value of 13â000ânmolÂ·mgâ1Â·hâ1 and Km values of 5 and 67âÂµm for 5âaminoâ6âribitylaminoâ2,4(1H,3H)âpyrimidinedione and 3,4âdihydroxyâ2âbutanone 4âphosphate, respectively. The enzyme binds riboflavin with a Kd of 1.2âÂµm. The fluorescence quantum yield of enzymeâbound riboflavin is <â2% as compared with that of free riboflavin. The protein/riboflavin complex displays an optical transition centered around 530ânm as shown by absorbance and CD spectrometry which may indicate a charge transfer complex. Replacement of tryptophan 27 by tyrosine or phenylalanine had only minor effects on the kinetic properties, but complexes of the mutant proteins did not show the anomalous long wavelength absorbance of the wildâtype protein. The replacement of tryptophan 27 by aliphatic amino acids substantially reduced the affinity of the enzyme for riboflavin and for the substrate, 5âaminoâ6âribitylaminoâ2,4(1H,3H)âpyrimidinedione.
Optical-wave near field specified from far-field data (1975)

An optical-wave field is represented in the positive half-space by (1) evanescent plus uniform plane waves and (2) nonuniform plane waves that propagate in all positive directions. A method is given to determine the spectrum of the latter from the spatial distribution of magnitude and phase of the far field.
Plasma lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic subjects eating iodine-enriched eggs. (1992)

Iodine-enriched (IE) eggs are produced by chickens fed a diet containing kelp. These eggs have been reported to reduce plasma cholesterol in humans and experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ingestion of one IE egg/day on the plasma lipoprotein cholesterol in borderline and hyperlipidemic individuals ingesting a low-fat diet. One hundred three subjects with entry cholesterol levels greater than 5.17 mmol/L were placed on a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Between weeks 4 and 12, approximately half of the subjects were randomly assigned to either a diet control group (n = 53), or a group who ingested one IE egg/day in addition to this diet (n = 50). Subjects in both the egg group and the diet control group had a significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol (TC) at the end of the study compared with study entry; addition of the egg in the diet did not abolish the TC reduction in the egg group. However, paired comparisons of total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels at the end of the egg intervention period with the end of the initial dietary period demonstrated that the egg group had a significantly greater increase than the diet control group in TC (egg group: 7.2 +/- 1.5% increase; diet controls: 1.5 +/- 0.9% increase; p less than 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (egg group: 9.2 +/- 1.7% increase; diet controls: 3.9 +/- 1.5% increase; p less than 0.01). This effect was most pronounced in subjects with higher initial cholesterol levels and subjects with mixed hyperlipidemia (elevated cholesterol and triglyceride). Results suggest that these particular groups of subjects are most susceptible to cholesterol changes associated with ingestion of IE eggs.
Myth and Ritual in Moonrise Kingdom (2018)

This essay examines religious themes in Wes Anderson's film Moonrise Kingdom. An analysis of the film reveals the characters utilize ritual and myth as a means of creating knowledge and as the catalyst for a transformation of self. This essay argues that Anderson’s characters construct and interpret their reality, of self and world, by engaging with ritual, myth, and community.
Signal and background considerations for the MRSt on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) (2016)

A Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRSt) has been conceptually designed for time-resolved measurements of the neutron spectrum at the National Ignition Facility. Using the MRSt, the goals are to measure the time-evolution of the spectrum with a time resolution of ∼20-ps and absolute accuracy better than 5%. To meet these goals, a detailed understanding and optimization of the signal and background characteristics are required. Through ion-optics, MCNP simulations, and detector-response calculations, it is demonstrated that the goals and a signal-to background >5-10 for the down-scattered neutron measurement are met if the background, consisting of ambient neutrons and gammas, at the MRSt is reduced 50-100 times.
Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants (2013)

Atomically smooth graphene as a surface coating has potential to improve implant properties. This demonstrates a method for coating nitinol alloys with nanometer thick layers of graphene for applications as a stent material. Graphene was grown on copper substrates via chemical vapor deposition and then transferred onto nitinol substrates. In order to understand how the graphene coating could change biological response, cell viability of rat aortic endothelial cells and rat aortic smooth muscle cells was investigated. Moreover, the effect of graphene-coatings on cell adhesion and morphology was examined with fluorescent confocal microscopy. Cells were stained for actin and nuclei, and there were noticeable differences between pristine nitinol samples compared to graphene-coated samples. Total actin expression from rat aortic smooth muscle cells was found using western blot. Protein adsorption characteristics, an indicator for potential thrombogenicity, were determined for serum albumin and fibrinogen with gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the transfer of charge from fibrinogen to substrate was deduced using Raman spectroscopy. It was found that graphene coating on nitinol substrates met the functional requirements for a stent material and improved the biological response compared to uncoated nitinol. Thus, graphene-coated nitinol is a viable candidate for a stent material.
Concomitant medication of cetirizine in advanced melanoma could enhance anti-PD 1 efficacy by promoting M1 macrophages polarization (2022)

Based on the clinical observation of a potential additive effect of anti-PD1 agents and cetirizine in patients with advanced melanoma, the clinical outcomes of concomitant cetirizine/anti-PD1 treatment were evaluated and the possible mechanisms were explored. Patients treated with cetirizine concomitantly with anti-PD1 agent had significantly longer PFS and OS in comparison with those not receiving cetirizine. The concomitant treatment was significantly associated with ORR and DCR (p&lt;0.05).
Modeles stochastiques et methodes deterministes pour extraire les routes des images de la terre vues du ciel (1995)

Nous proposons une approche originale pour le probleme de l'extraction d'une courbe dans une image. Ce faisant, nous illustrons un paradigme tres general pour la reconnaissance de formes issu de variantes du jeu des vingt questions. De maniere sequentielle et adaptative nous nous focalisons sur une imagette afin de tester la presence ou l'absence de la courbe dans cette imagette. Un modele stochastique decrit la geometrie de la courbe ainsi que les performances du test quand l'imagette contient ou ne contient pas une courbe de l'image. La strategie employee est la suivante: nous choisissons successivement l'imagette qui, en moyenne sur les reponses possibles du test, reduit le plus l'incertitude qu'il reste sur la localisation de la courbe de l'image, conditionnellement a l'ensemble des tests deja effectues. Nous appliquons cette methode a l'extraction des reseaux routiers principaux dans les images acquises par le satellite d'observation de la terre spot. Le modele geometrique est specifie a l'aide d'un echantillon d'images. Le test utilise est un detecteur de cretes dont les proprietes statistiques sont estimees a partir du meme echantillon. Le modele est ici suffisamment simple pour que nous puissions caracteriser de maniere analytique la strategie decrite ci-dessus. Nous en deduisons un algorithme qui permet d'extraire en temps reel une route principale dans une scenes spot de dimensions six mille par sept mille pixels quand un pixel de cette route ainsi que la direction de la route en ce pixel sont specifies par l'utilisateur. De plus, nous presentons une methode originale, issue des techniques de programmation dynamique, afin de preciser la localisation de la route a la suite de l'algorithme de suivi
Computer simulation of neurite outgrowth (1996)

Over a limited range of scale, the dendritic branching of many neurons is fractal. We propose a growth model, which accounts for the basic phenomena of neural growth, and reproduces such fractal structures. In the model, fibrillar proteins diffusing into the cell interact at the boundary with chemoattractant molecules coming from outside to shape the cell. In a parameter range where growth is limited by the diffusion of chemoattractant molecules, diffuse fractal dendritic trees are obtained, analogous to DLA aggregates. For time scales in which growth is limited by the rate of motion of fibrillar proteins, fractal dentritic trees form, but growth is localized to certain surface regions on the shape, which resemble experimental growth cones.
Discovery, Isolation and Physicochemical Properties of Narciclasine, a New Antimitotic of Vegetable Origin (1967)

A crystalline substance with marked antimitotic activity on several biological systems (mitoses of ascites S 180, of the megaloblasts of chick embryo, of the tips of wheat radicles) has been isolated from the bulbs of several varieties of Narcissus and named Narciclasine. After reference to the tests that led to its discovery and isolation and to the work of others in the same field, the method of isolation is described together with the physical and chemical properties of the substance (identification, chromatographic behavior, UV, IR and fluorescence). The structural formula, established on the basis of work reported elsewhere, is given.
Artificial rearing alters the response of rats to natural and drug-mediated rewards (2006)

Artificial rearing (AR) of infant rats permits precise control over key features of the early environment without maternal influence. The present study examined the behavioral response of AR rats towards natural and drug-mediated rewards, as well as their exploratory and affective behaviors. Adolescent AR rats showed increased preference for sucrose consumption relative to chow and demonstrated greater activity in the open field and in the elevated plus-maze compared to maternally reared (MR) rats. With respect to measures of emotionality, AR rats showed enhanced avoidance of the open arms of the plus-maze, indicating increased anxiety, but they did not differ from MR rats in exploring the center of the open field. Adult AR rats displayed a stronger conditioned response to morphine in a place preference test. These findings support the potential of the AR model to contribute to understanding the role of early experience in the development of behavioral motivation.
Essentials of Organic Chemistry: For Students of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Biological Chemistry (2006)

Preface. 1. Molecular representations and nomenclature. 2. Atomic structure and bonding. 3. Stereochemistry. 4. Acids and bases. 5. Reaction mechanisms. 6. Nucleophilic reactions: nucleophilic substitution. 7. Nucleophilic reactions of carbonyl groups. 8. Electrophilic reactions. 9. Radical reactions. 10. Nucleophilic reactions involving enolate anions. 11. Heterocycles. 12. Carbohydrates. 13. Amino acids, peptides and proteins. 14. Nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 15. The organic chemistry of intermediary metabolism. 16. How to approach examination questions: selected problems and answers. Index.
Data from Prognostic Significance of Macrophage Infiltration in Leiomyosarcomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Macrophages are migratory cells that are frequently recruited to the site of tumors. Their presence is associated with poor clinical outcome in a variety of epithelial malignancies. The aim of this study is to examine the prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in sarcomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Global gene expression profiling data of a series of soft tissue tumors were analyzed for macrophage-associated gene expression. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing leiomyosarcoma cases with known clinical outcome was used to verify the presence of macrophages and to examine the relationship between tumor-associated macrophages and clinical outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Gene expression profiling revealed high-level expression of several macrophage-associated genes such as &lt;i&gt;CD163&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CD68&lt;/i&gt; in a subset of leiomyosarcomas, indicating the presence of variable numbers of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. This was confirmed by CD68 and CD163 immunostaining of a tissue microarray containing 149 primary leiomyosarcomas. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high density of tumor-infiltrating macrophages as identified by CD163 or CD68 staining is associated with a significantly worse disease-specific survival in nongynecologic leiomyosarcomas, whereas leiomyosarcomas arising from the gynecologic tract showed no significant association between macrophage infiltration and survival. The presence of tumor necrosis did not correlate significantly with outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; An increased density of CD163- or CD68-positive tumor-infiltrating macrophages is associated with poor outcome in nongynecologic leiomyosarcomas. This may help the clinical management of patients with leiomyosarcomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Towards Designing Robust QCA Architectures in the Presence of Sneak Noise Paths (2005)

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are attracting a lot of attention due to their extremely small feature sizes and ultra low power consumption. Several designs using QCA technology have been proposed. However, we have found that not all of the designs function properly. Further, no general design guidelines have been proposed so far. A straightforward extension of a simple functional design pattern may fail. This makes designing large scale circuits using QCA technology an extremely time-consuming process. We show several critical vulnerabilities in the structures of primitive QCA gates and QCA interconnects, and propose a disciplinary guideline to prevent any additional plausible, but malfunctioning, QCA designs.
Sequence-specific DNA uptake in transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1982)

Piliated, competent gonococci are known to preferentially take up homologous transforming DNA into the cell. We examined the mechanism for DNA uptake with pFA10, a hybrid 11.5-kilobase (kb) penicillin-resistant (Pcr) plasmid composed of heterologous DNA from a 7.2-kb Pcr plasmid and homologous DNA from a 4.2-kb gonococcal cryptic plasmid. The presence of the gonococcal cryptic plasmid DNA in the hybrid resulted in markedly increased transformation efficiencies in isogenic crosses as compared with the parent 7.2-kb Pcr plasmid. Uptake of 32P-end-labeled MspI or TaqI restriction fragments of the hybrid was limited to fragments entirely derived from the 4.2-kb gonococcal cryptic plasmid, indicating that DNA uptake was probably dependent on the presence of a specific DNA sequence. Since Haemophilus DNA did not inhibit transformation by the hybrid Pcr plasmid, the gonococcal DNA uptake sequence is different from the known sequence involved in homologous DNA uptake by Haemophilus spp.
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infections – an overview of the evidence base and challenges in data synthesis (2017)

Several studies, synthesized in different systematic review, provide valuable insights into the role of different risk factors for CDI. Meta-analytic evidence of association has been reported for factors such as antibiotics, gastric acid suppressants, non-selective NSAID, and some co-morbidities. However, despite statistical significance, issues of high heterogeneity, bias and confounding remain to be addressed effectively to improve overall risk estimates. Large, prospective primary studies on risk factors for CDI with standardised case definitions and stratified analyses are required to develop more accurate and robust estimates of risk effects that can inform targeted-CDI clinical management procedures, prevention, and research.
<title>3D x-ray angiography: study of factors affecting projection data consistency</title> (1997)

The use of a C-arm radiographic system for 3D reconstruction of opacified vasculature presents several computational and engineering challenges. Factors that may lead to inconsistency at the projection data set and subsequent reconstruction errors include image noise, variations in vessel opacification during the acquisition, and inaccurate determination of the imaging geometry. We have utilized simulations to study the effect of these factors on 3D reconstruction with algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) in order to identify possible artifacts and loss of image quality in the 3D image. Corrective measures designed to counter artifacts such as smoothing, averaging, and use of constraints with ART have been developed and validated. These studies have made it possible to identify the causes of artifacts in preliminary in vivo applications, and to estimate the tolerance for imperfections in data acquisition. Moreover, these works have established modifications to the reconstruction procedure for reducing image artifacts and improving image quality.
Growth of InGaN/GaN quantum wells with graded InGaN buffer for green-to-yellow light emitters (2016)

Abstract We have studied the growth of high-indium-content In x Ga 1− x N/GaN double quantum wells (QWs) for yellow and green light emitters by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at a low substrate temperature (570 °C). By introducing a graded In y Ga 1− y N buffer layer, the PL intensity of QWs can be increased sixfold compared with that of the original structure. In addition, the indium content in InGaN QWs was increased owing the prolonged growth time of the graded In y Ga 1− y N buffer layer. After adjusting to optimal growth conditions, we achieved In x Ga 1− x N/GaN QWs with x = 0.32. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the emission wavelength from In x Ga 1− x N/GaN QWs was 560 nm (2.20 eV). The optimal condition for the gradient In y Ga 1− y N buffer layer was obtained for light emission from green to yellow.
Robust Miniature Pure-Phase Modulators at k = 488 nm (2020)

We demonstrate miniature silicon nitride (SiN) pure-phase modulators operating at the blue wavelength. The devices are based on adiabatic micro-rings that are robust against fabrication variations and hold great promise for large-scale visible integrated systems.
Applications of Digital Holography in Biomedical Microscopy (2010)

Digital holography (DH) is a potentially disruptive new technology for many areas of imaging science, especially in microscopy and metrology. DH offers a number of significant advantages such as the ability to acquire holograms rapidly, availability of complete amplitude and phase information of the optical field, and versatility of the interferometric and image processing techniques. This article provides a review of the digital holography, with an emphasis on its applications in biomedical microscopy. The quantitative phase microscopy by DH is described including some of the special techniques such as optical phase unwrapping and holography of total internal reflection. Tomographic imaging by digital interference holography (DIH) and related methods is described, as well as its applications in ophthalmic imaging and in biometry. Holographic manipulation and monitoring of cells and cellular components is another exciting new area of research. We discuss some of the current issues, trends, and potentials.
Circularly Polarized Transmitarray With Sequential Rotation in Ka-Band (2015)

We present here the design and demonstration of a circularly polarized (CP) transmitarray antenna operating in Ka-band and illuminated by a linearly polarized (LP) source. The proposed design is based on a CP unit-cell with simulated insertion loss of 0.2 dB at 30 GHz. In order to improve the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, the sequential rotation technique is applied to the full array configuration. A model based on a hybrid in-house simulation tool is also proposed to predict accurately the array performance. The realized prototype, formed by 400 unit-cells, has 1 bit of phase resolution. The measured broadside gain is 22.8 dBi at 30 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 20% in right-handed CP (RHCP). The obtained 3-dB AR bandwidth of 24.4% is comparable with higher resolution designs.
The minimum power broadcast problem in wireless networks: a simulated annealing approach (2005)

Broadcasting in wireless networks, unlike wired networks, inherently reaches several nodes with a single transmission. For an omnidirectional wireless broadcast to a node, all nodes closer to the transmitting node are also reached. This property can be used to compute routing trees which minimize the sum of the transmitter powers. We present a mixed integer programming formulation and a simulated annealing algorithm for the problem. Extensive experimental results for the heuristic approach are presented. They show that the proposed algorithm is capable of improving the results of state-of-the-art algorithms for most of the problems considered. The solutions provided by the simulated annealing algorithm can be improved by applying a very fast post-optimization procedure. This leads to the best known mean results for the problems considered.