gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical and prognostic significance of left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI) in patients with chronic heart failure (2022)

Abstract Background The echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac output relies on the product of the flow across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), estimated through its velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI), and its cross-sectional area, estimated through the formula πr2. Considering the geometrical assumption behind such formula, LVOT-VTI has been proposed as a more reproducible surrogate of cardiac systolic function and showed prognostic value in the critical care setting. However, the role of such measure in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) remains unexplored. Objective To assess the clinical and prognostic significance of LVOT-VTI in a contemporary cohort of patients with chronic HF. Methods Outpatients with chronic HF with a LV ejection fraction &amp;lt;50% were prospectively enrolled to undergo a clinical, echocardiographic, and biohumoral assessment, and were followed-up for the endpoint of all-cause death. Results Finally, 971 patients were enrolled (71±12 years, 72% men, 50% ischemic etiology, LVEF 35±9%). Most patients showed a NYHA class I-II (74%) and were treated with ACE-inhibitors/ARBs or ARNI (81%), beta-blockers (95%), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (71%). Patients were distinguished in three subgroups according to LVOT-VTI tertiles &amp;lt;19 (n=324), 19–24 (n=324), or ≥24 (n=323). Compared with the other two subgroups, patients with LVOT-VTI &amp;lt;19 showed worse NYHA class, lower LVEF and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and higher E/e', left atrial volume index (LAVi), estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP), and NT-proBNP concentration (all p&amp;lt;0.001). No differences were observed as for patients' age, HF etiology, and therapies (all p&amp;gt;0.05). Over a median follow-up of 22 (9–34) months, 103 (11%) patients met the primary endpoint. LVOT-VTI significantly stratified the risk of death, observing 65 (20%), 21 (7%), and 17 (5%) events across the subgroups with values &amp;lt;19, 19–24, or ≥24 (log-rank 33, p&amp;lt;0.001). At multivariable regression analysis, LVOT-VTI &amp;lt;19 (HR 2.06 [95% 1.21–3.49], p=0.008), but not LVEF &amp;lt;30% (p=0.614) was an independent predictor of all-cause death in a model adjusted for age, sex, ischemic etiology, renal function, hemoglobin, E/e', LAVi, TAPSE, sPAP, and NT-proBNP. Conclusion LVOT-VTI is associated with disease severity and is a strong predictor of all-cause death in patients with chronic HF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Composite Structures for High-altitude UAVs (2003)

In this report an effective solution for developing composite structures for high altitude UAVs is described. The development sequence is outlined through an anecdotal history of the design solution of composite wings for the Perseus family of high-altitude UAVs. Design and analysis methodology, developmental testing, manufacturing technology, and qualification testing is presented.
Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein Transcripts Exhibit Different Spatial Patterns of Accumulation in Compatible and Incompatible Interactions between Phaseolus vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (1990)

The distribution of transcripts encoding hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was examined by in situ hybridization to tissue sections. The expression of hypersensitive resistance in an incompatible interaction was accompanied by a massive early accumulation of transcripts in the epidermal, cortical, and perivascular parenchymal tissues immediately adjacent to the inoculation site. In a compatible interaction, there was no accumulation of transcripts in the epidermal and cortical tissues even though fungal hyphae ramified throughout these tissues. However, transcripts accumulated at a later stage in the perivascular tissue directly below the site of infection and in tissue several millimeters from the inoculation site. Thus, there is a spatial and tissue-specific counterpart to the differential timing of transcript accumulation in incompatible versus compatible interactions (AM Showalter, JN Bell, CL Cramer, JA Bailey, CJ Lamb [1985] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 6551-6555). These differences in the spatial distribution and tissue specificity of transcript accumulation imply the differential induction of signaling systems involved in race:cultivar-specific interactions.
Crystal structures of three 6-aryl-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (2019)

Three title compounds, namely, 2-(4-chloro-benz-yl)-5-[(1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)meth-yl]-6-phenyl-imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thia-diazole, C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>19</sub>ClN<sub>4</sub>S, (I), 2-(4-chloro-benz-yl)-6-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-5-[(1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)meth-yl]imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thia-diazole, C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>18</sub>ClFN<sub>4</sub>S, (II), and 6-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-2-(4-chloro-benz-yl)-5-[(1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)meth-yl]imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thia-diazole, C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>18</sub>BrClN<sub>4</sub>S, (III), have been prepared using a reductive condensation of indole with the corresponding 6-aryl-2-(4-chloro-benz-yl)imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thia-diazole-5-carbaldehydes (aryl = phenyl, 4-fluoro-phenyl or 4-bromo-phen-yl), and their crystal structures have been determined. The asymmetric unit of compound (I) consists of two independent mol-ecules and one of the mol-ecules exhibits disorder of the 4-chloro-benzyl substituent with occupancies 0.6289 (17) and 0.3711 (17). Each type of mol-ecule forms a <i>C</i>(8) chain motif built from N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which for the fully ordered mol-ecule is reinforced by C-H⋯π inter-actions. In compound (II), the chloro-benzyl unit is again disordered, with occupancies 0.822 (6) and 0.178 (6), and the mol-ecules form <i>C</i>(8) chains similar to those in (I), reinforced by C-H⋯π inter-actions involving only the major disorder component. The chloro-benzyl unit in compound (III) is also disordered with occupancies of 0.839 (5) and 0.161 (5). The mol-ecules are linked by a combination of one N-H⋯N hydrogen bond and four C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional framework.
Estimation of the optimal frame rate for video communications under bit‐rate constraints (2003)

Abstract The use of applications related to real‐time video communications is spreading. But it is becoming difficult to secure the bandwidth, because of the increase in the number of the users as well as the bandwidth requirements of each user. In this context, a transcoder that can recode the video data to a usable bit rate for transmission is needed. In order to maintain as high a quality of service as possible, as seen by the user, there must be a criterion for assessment of image quality, by which the amounts of video information in the space and time directions can be reduced with good balance. In the conventional transcoder, control is based mostly on the square error, but it is not always true that the square error can directly represent the video quality seen or subjectively perceived by the user (subjective assessment quality). Consequently, this paper proposes a method of estimating the frame rate (optimal frame rate) that maximizes the subjective assessment quality in the recoding of video data (original data) stored in a video server to a specified bit rate. In the proposed method, the mean opinion score (MOS) obtained by a large number of subjective assessment tests is approximated by a function containing a small number of parameters, and the parameters of the function are estimated on the basis of the features of the original image. By specifying the bit rate for the function, the optimal frame rate is determined by determining the maximum. Interval estimation of the optimal frame rate was performed by applying the proposed method to open data, and it was verified that the frame rate could be estimated with a mean error of approximately 4 frames/s. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 54–67, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10102
Longer operative time is associated with higher risk of severe complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Analysis of 1511 cases from a Japanese nationwide database (2013)

Longer operation time is a significant and independent risk factor for severe adverse events after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Our nomogram can be an effective tool for predicting postoperative complications.
A New Antifungal Substance Produced byMyrothecium (1968)

Journal Article A New Antifungal Substance Produced by Myrothecium Get access Masao Ôkuchi, Masao Ôkuchi Laboratory of Fermentation Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Itoh, Masao Itoh Laboratory of Fermentation Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuyuki Kaneko, Yasuyuki Kaneko Laboratory of Fermentation Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shinji Doi Shinji Doi Laboratory of Fermentation Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 32, Issue 3, 1 March 1968, Pages 394–395, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1968.10859066 Published: 01 March 1968 Article history Received: 01 February 1968 Published: 01 March 1968
Self-Assembled Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures Promote Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation (2018)

Stem cell-based therapy is considered a promising approach for the repair of nervous tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs) cannot proliferate or differentiate efficiently; hence, different biomaterials have been explored to improve NSC proliferation and differentiation. However, these agents either had low bioavailability or poor biocompatibility. In this work, our group investigated the effects of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs), a novel DNA biological material, on the self-renew and differentiation of neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells. We observed that TDN treatment promoted self-renew of the stem cells via activating the Wnt/β -catenin pathway. In addition, our findings suggested that NE-4C stem cells' neuronal differentiation could be promoted effectively by TDNs via inhibiting the notch signaling pathway. In summary, this is the first report about the effects of TDNs on the proliferation and differentiation of NE-4C stem cells and the results demonstrate that TDNs have a great potential in nerve tissue regeneration.
Substrate specificity of sinusoidal bile acid and organic anion uptake systems in rat and human liver (1997)

The Na+-dependent bile salt uptake systems Ntcp (rodents) and NTCP (human), and the Na+-independent organic anion transporters oatpl (rat) and OATP (human) mediate sinusoidal uptake of a variety of amphipathic organic compounds into hepatocytes. Their properties indicate that an overall hepatic clearance of albumin-bound compounds is mediated by a limited number of multispecific transporters with partially overlapping substrate specificities.
TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling regulates pancreatic islet β cell function (2009)

Pancreatic islet β cell dysfunction is a signature feature of Type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. TGF‐ β signaling plays a critical role in pancreatic development although its role in the adult pancreas is obscure. Here, we define an important role of the TGF‐β pathway in regulation of β cell function. We show that the TGF‐β signaling effector Smad3 occupies the insulin gene promoter and represses insulin gene transcription. In contrast, Smad3 siRNAs relieve insulin transcriptional repression and enhance insulin synthesis. Transduction of adenoviral Smad3 into primary human and non‐human primate islets suppresses insulin synthesis, whereas, dominant negative Smad3 enhances insulin synthesis. Consistent with this, Smad3 deficient mice exhibit moderately elevated insulin levels and mild hypoglycemia. Moreover, Smad3 deficiency results in improved glucose tolerance and enhanced glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in vivo . In ex vivo perifusion assays, Smad3‐deficient islets exhibit improved glucose‐stimulated insulin release; and interestingly, Smad3‐deficient islets harbor an activated insulin‐receptor signaling pathway. Finally, Smad3 loss confers protection from streptozotocin‐induced experimental diabetes. Together, these studies emphasize TGF‐β /Smad3 signaling as an important regulator of insulin gene transcription and islet β cell function.
Nutrient and surfactant enhancement for the biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the wastewater from a Louisiana Superfund site (1998)

Surfactant based soil washing and flushing is an emerging technology for Superfund site remediation in the United States. The presence of surfactants in the wastewater, however, poses challenging problems for subsequent biological or physical–chemical processes. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential effects of selected surfactants on the biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the wastewater from the Petro Processors (PPI) Superfund site north of Baton Rouge, LA. Results from this study showed that biodegradation of a real world waste containing a broad array of hazardous contaminants was significantly enhanced by the amendment of mineral nutrients and surfactants, especially a nonionic surfactant Witconol. The enhancement based on TOC reduction was 49% higher for the mixture of PPI wastewater with Witconol than the combined biodegradation of PPI wastewater and Witconol alone, whereas a similar enhancement was observed with an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The addition of mineral nutrients was also shown to further enhance the biodegradation of PPI wastewater, with a 13% increase in TOC reduction as compared to the nutrient limited controls. Nutrient addition significantly increased microbial growth, biodegradation, and foam degradation of surfactant-laden PPI wastewater.
Clonotypic heterogeneity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) revealed by comprehensive whole-exome sequencing (2019)

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is believed to represent a clonal expansion of a transformed skin-resident memory T cell. T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality (ie, identical sequences of rearranged TCRα, TCRβ, and TCRγ), the key premise of this hypothesis, has been difficult to document conclusively because malignant cells are not readily distinguishable from the tumor-infiltrating reactive lymphocytes that contribute to the TCR clonotypic repertoire of MF. Here, we have successfully adopted targeted whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the repertoire of rearranged TCR genes in tumor-enriched samples from patients with MF. Although some of the investigated MF biopsies had the expected frequency of monoclonal rearrangements of TCRγ corresponding to that of tumor cells, the majority of the samples presented multiple TCRγ, TCRα, and TCRβ clonotypes by WES. Our findings are compatible with the model in which the initial malignant transformation in MF does not occur in mature memory T cells but rather at the level of T-lymphocyte progenitors before TCRβ or TCRα rearrangements. We have also shown that WES can be combined with whole-transcriptome sequencing in the same sample, which enables comprehensive characterization of the TCR repertoire in relation to tumor content. WES/whole-transcriptome sequencing might be applicable to other types of T-cell lymphomas to determine clonal dominance and clonotypic heterogeneity in these malignancies.
A Deep Learning-Oriented Personal Credit Model for Online Learning Platform (2020)

There are several problems in online learning platform, such as the lack of effective supervision of learning process and the low completion rate, the general situation of slack learning attitude and cheating, the lack of scientific planning of learning methods and the serious fragmentation, and the low standard-reaching rate of learning results and the poor credibility. In order to solve these problems, this paper defines the concept of personal credit in learning, and declares the characteristics of personal credit from the four aspects of online learning process, attitude, method and results based on the comparative analysis of deep learning and surface learning in educational theory, then builds a personal credit model oriented to deep learning in online learning platform. The model includes five evaluation dimensions of participation, positivity, regularity, qualified rate and influence, as well as 14 explicit or implicit behavior indicators, especially the corresponding learning behavior abnormality detection mechanism. The experimental results show that this model has the characteristics of scientific clustering index, comprehensive evaluation angles and reliable exception handling, which can effectively evaluate learners' learning behavior state and provide a new way for online learning platform to implement educational contracts and share services.
Overcoming Limitations of Mixture Density Networks: A Sampling and Fitting Framework for Multimodal Future Prediction (2019)

Future prediction is a fundamental principle of intelligence that helps plan actions and avoid possible dangers. As the future is uncertain to a large extent, modeling the uncertainty and multimodality of the future states is of great relevance. Existing approaches are rather limited in this regard and mostly yield a single hypothesis of the future or, at the best, strongly constrained mixture components that suffer from instabilities in training and mode collapse. In this work, we present an approach that involves the prediction of several samples of the future with a winner-takes-all loss and iterative grouping of samples to multiple modes. Moreover, we discuss how to evaluate predicted multimodal distributions, including the common real scenario, where only a single sample from the ground-truth distribution is available for evaluation. We show on synthetic and real data that the proposed approach triggers good estimates of multimodal distributions and avoids mode collapse.
Disruption of the yeast ATH1 gene confers better survival after dehydration, freezing, and ethanol shock: potential commercial applications (1996)

The accumulation of trehalose is a critical determinant of stress resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have constructed a yeast strain in which the activity of the trehalose-hydrolyzing enzyme, acid trehalase (ATH), has been abolished. Loss of ATH activity was accomplished by disrupting the ATH1 gene, which is essential for ATH activity. The delta ath1 strain accumulated greater levels of cellular trehalose and grew to a higher cell density than the isogenic wild-type strain. In addition, the elevated levels of trehalose in the delta ath1 strain correlated with increased tolerance to dehydration, freezing, and toxic levels of ethanol. The improved resistance to stress conditions exhibited by the delta ath1 strain may make this strain useful in commercial applications, including baking and brewing.
LES Simulation of Backflow Vortex Structure at the Inlet of an Inducer (2006)

Turbopump inducers often have swirling backflow under a wide range of flow rates because they are designed with a certain angle of attack even at the design point in order to attain high cavitation performance. When the flow rate is decreased, the backflow region extends upstream and may cause various problems by interacting with upstream elements. It is also known that the backflow vortex structure occurs in the shear layer between the main flow and the swirling backflow. Experimental studies on the backflow from an inducer have given us insight into the characteristics of backflow vortex structure, but the limited information has not lead to the complete understanding of the phenomena. Numerical studies based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations usually deteriorate when the flow field of interest involves large-scale separations, as shown by a previous study by Tsujimoto et al. (2005). On the other hand, the numerical approach using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique has the potential to predict unsteady flows and/or flow fields that include regions of large-scale separation much more accurately than RANS computations does in general. The present paper describes the application of the LES code developed by one of the authors (Kato) to further understand the backflow vortex structure at the inlet of an inducer. First, the internal flow of the inducer was simulated, as a way to evaluate the validity of the proposed method, under a wide range of inlet flow coefficients. The static pressure peformance and the length of the backflow region was compared with measured values, and good agreement was obtained. Second, using the validated LES code, the fundamental characteristics of the backflow vortex was investigated in detail. It was found that the backflow vortices are formed in a circumferentially twisted manner at the boundary between the swirling backflow and the straight inlet flow. Also, the backflow vortices rotate in the same direction as the inducer, but with half of the circumferential flow velocity in the backflow region. Another finding was that the backflow region expands toward the center of the flow field and the number of vortices decrease, as the flow coefficient decreases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first computation of the backflow at the inducer inlet to achieve quantitative agreement with measured results, and give new findings to the complicated three-dimensional structure of the backflow, which was very limited under experimental studies.
New CFD-based method for erosion prediction in control valves (2015)

Control valves often experience erosion produced by the impacts of solid particles within the flow. This is a very serious concern of engineers, as it causes downtime, loss of income, and high repair costs. Field and lab erosion testing are extremely onerous both economically and technically and, for this reason, the use of CFD techniques for erosion prediction is gaining ground in recent years. The standard practice involves the usage of two-phase CFD models which follow the trajectories of all solid particles within the flow. However, the huge computational burden of these models even for simple flows prevents, or even preclude, their application to complex flows of engineering interest such as valve flows. In this paper an innovative approach for erosion prediction is proposed. Its strength compared to the traditional practice resides in the numerical efficiency, arising from the usage of a different CFD two-phase method in which the detailed analysis of the fluid dynamics characteristics of the solid particles is restricted to the vicinity of the surfaces most vulnerable to erosion. This feature reduces considerably the computational burden of the erosion predictions in case of simple flows and, most important, makes it feasible to perform these estimations also in case of complex geometries such as control valves. In this paper, we discuss about the application of the method to sketched model of a Needle and Seat valve after its validation in abrasive jet benchmark tests.