gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Mapping to Sequencing, Post-sequencing and Beyond (2005)

The Rice Genome Research Program (RGP) in Japan has been collaborating with the international community in elucidating a complete high-quality sequence of the rice genome. As the pioneer in large-scale analysis of the rice genome, the RGP has successfully established the fundamental tools for genome research such as a genetic map, a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-based physical map, a transcript map and a phage P1 artificial chromosome (PAC)/bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequence-ready physical map, which serve as common resources for genome sequencing. Among the 12 rice chromosomes, the RGP is in charge of sequencing six chromosomes covering 52% of the 390 Mb total length of the genome. The contribution of the RGP to the realization of decoding the rice genome sequence with high accuracy and deciphering the genetic information in the genome will have a great impact in understanding the biology of the rice plant that provides a major food source for almost half of the world's population. A high-quality draft sequence (phase 2) was completed in December 2002. Since then, much of the finished quality sequence (phase 3) has become available in public databases. With the completion of sequencing in December 2004, it is expected that the genome sequence would facilitate innovative research in functional and applied genomics. A map-based genome sequence is indispensable for further improvement of current rice varieties and for development of novel varieties carrying agronomically important traits such as high yield potential and tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition to genome sequencing, various related projects have been initiated to generate valuable resources, which could serve as indispensable tools in clarifying the structure and function of the rice genome. These resources have been made available to the scientific community through the Rice Genome Resource Center (RGRC) of the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) to enable rapid progress in research that will lead to thorough understanding of the rice plant. As the next trend in rice genome research will focus on determining the function of about 40,000-50,000 genes predicted in the genome as well as applying various genomics tools in rice breeding, an unlimited access to rice DNA and seed stocks will provide a broad community of scientists with the necessary materials for formulating new concepts, developing innovative research and making new scientific discoveries in rice genomics.
Authorship and Medical Ghostwriting: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Policy (2011)

Authorship of biomedical articles serves to acknowledge and credit individuals who contributed substantially to the development, writing, and editing of articles. In addition, authorship indicates who is responsible for ideas and experiments, and can be used to hold people accountable if something is disproven or shown false. Types of authorship can be divided into four primary categories: ghost authorship, guest authorship, gift authorship, and legitimate authorship. Of these four categories, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (along with other journals, the World Association of Medical Editors, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the Council of Science Editors, and the Committee on Publication Ethics) affirms that only authors who meet the criteria of "legitimate authorship" as authors should be listed on an article. This article discusses what constitutes legitimate article authorship and sets forth the Journal's policy on authorship.
Integration of low profile neural probe array with flexible polyimide cable (2011)

In this work, an integration method of low profile probe array system is proposed for minimizing the tissue trauma after implantation. The planar neural probes was assembled with a Si platform to form a 3D probe array, which is then connected to the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip with a flexible polyimide cable by flip-chip bonding to complete the whole integration. The probe array and flexible polyimide cable have undergone electrical tests to prove to be highly stable and reliable. With the specially designed components, flexible assembly is achieved. The proposed integration method achieved a low profile of the probe array and the requirements for its applications. The impedance of the assembled probe electrode in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) is measured to be about 1.1 MΩ at 1kHz.
Identification of a flexible robot manipulator using a linear parameter-varying descriptor state-space structure (2011)

This paper presents a new approach for the identification of the dynamical model of flexible manipulators. The structure of the identified model, chosen as a descriptor LPV model, is derived from the original non-linear equations. A set of experiments around different configurations is involved, which is suitable for an accurate measurement of the tip of the manipulator by video camera. The final estimation step is global, allowing the direct identification of the global model based on the collection of local experimental data. In an output error context, a genetic algorithm is used for the minimization of the identification criterion. As a case study, a robotic arm with two flexible segments is considered. Identification results based on simulations including noise show the effectiveness of the approach.
MP79-18 IMPACT OF METABOLIC DISEASES AND DRUGS ON PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVING ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY (2020)

as a valid treatment option in well selected patients with low volume metastatic disease and good response to neoadjuvant ADT.
Einführung (2001)

Börsen nehmen im Finanzsystem eine zentrale Rolle ein. Ihre wesentliche Leistung besteht darin, die Transaktionskosten1 beim Transfer von Finanztiteln zwischen Anbietern und Nachfragern zu minimieren (Schmidt 1979, S. 716). Für die effiziente Allokation der Finanzmittel innerhalb des Finanzsystems kommt der Leistungsfähigkeit der Börsen damit eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Dennoch wurde der Beitrag von Börsen im Finanzsystem im Rahmen der modernen Finanzierungstheorie anfänglich kaum untersucht (Macey/O’Hara 1999a, S. 22). Erst seit Mitte der siebziger Jahre findet der Preisbildungsprozeß an organisierten Märkten in den Forschungsarbeiten zur Markt-Mikrostrukturtheorie2 zunehmendes wissenschaftliches Interesse. Dagegen steht die Diskussion, wie Börsen aufgebaut sein müssen, damit sie ihre Leistungen optimal erbringen können, im Sinne einer normativen Theorie der Börsenorganisation, noch am Anfang (siehe z. B. Hart/Moore 1996; Pirrong 1999, 2000a).
An Electrically Driven, Ultrahigh-Speed, on-Chip Light Emitter Based on Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

The integration of high-speed light emitters on silicon chips is an important issue that must be resolved in order to realize on-chip or interchip optical interconnects. Here, we demonstrate the first electrically driven ultrafast carbon nanotube (CNT) light emitter based on blackbody radiation with a response speed (1–10 Gbps) that is more than 106 times higher than that of conventional incandescent emitters and is either higher than or comparable to that of light-emitting diodes or laser diodes. This high-speed response is explained by the extremely fast temperature response of the CNT film, which is dominated by the small heat capacity of the CNT film and its high heat dissipation to the substrate. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate 140 ps width pulsed light generation and real-time optical communication. This CNT-based emitter with the advantages of ultrafast response speeds, a small footprint, and integration on silicon can enable novel architectures for optical interconnects, photonic, and optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Large reduction of saturation carrier densities by strain in InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (1995)

Compressive strain in InGaAs/Ga(Al)As quantum wells leads to a reduction in the saturation carrier density for the bandedge exciton due to a decrease in the hole density of states. An Indium concentration of 11% gives a reduction by a factor of 9 from GaAs thereby opening a new path towards viable nonlinear optical devices. The relevant issues of carrier lifetimes and strain relief are discussed.
Metal-free organic sensitizers with a sterically hindered thiophene unit for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (2011)

Two new organic sensitizers for dye solar cells containing a sterically hindered moiety have been synthesized. The introduction of a 3,4-dibutyl-thiophene ring into D–π–A dyes reduces the sensitizer aggregation and allows the preparation of solar cells with PCE of 7.17% and 6.27% without the use of coadsorbant agents.
Markers Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Resistance, and Severity (2020)

In December 2019, the latest member of the coronavirus family, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, leading to the outbreak of an unusual viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 was then declared as a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The initial mortality rate of COVID-19 declared by WHO was 2%; however, this rate has increased to 3.4% as of 3 March 2020. People of all ages can be infected with SARS-CoV-2, but those aged 60 or above and those with underlying medical conditions are more prone to develop severe symptoms that may lead to death. Patients with severe infection usually experience a hyper pro-inflammatory immune reaction (i.e., cytokine storm) causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has been shown to be the leading cause of death in COVID-19 patients. However, the factors associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, resistance and severity remain poorly understood. In this review, we thoroughly explore the correlation between various host, viral and environmental markers, and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of susceptibility and severity.
Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics of Topa Quinone (1997)

2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenylalanine (6-hydroxydopa, abbreviated as topa) is a pelt'hydlroxylated derivative of an amino acid, tyrosine. It rarely occurs in nature as the free amino acid, but is well known as a very strong neurotoxic agent. The neurotoxicity is ascribed mainly to its chemical reactivity and redox capacity. In addition, the oxidized form of topa, top a quinone, has been shown to be an active non-N-methyl-o-aspartate glutamatergic agonist and to produce neuronal cell death. Topa and top a quinone may be biosynthesized enzymatically and non-enzymatically from dOl-a or from tyrosine through dopa. On the other hand, topa quinone bound covalently in a protein has been identified in copper amine oxidase, in which top a quinone serves as an essential cofactor in catalyzing the oxidation of amines. The topa quinone cofactor is produced by post-translational modification of a specific tyrosine precursor with the participation of the enzyme-bound copper ion. These physiological and biochemical features of topa quinone as well as its chemical properties revealed by recent model studies are reviewed here.
Non-Invasive Image-Based Approach for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer (2011)

A novel noninvasive approach for early diagnosis of prostate cancer from Dynamic Contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging is proposed. The proposed approach consists of four main steps. The first step is to isolate the prostate from the surrounding anatomical structures based on a Maximum a Posteriori estimate of a new log-likelihood function that accounts for the shape priori, the spatial interaction, and the current appearance of the prostate tissues and its background. In the second step, a non-rigid registration algorithm is employed to account for any local deformation that could occur in the prostate during the scanning process due to patient breathing and local motion. In the third step, the perfusion curves that show propagation of the contrast agent into the tissue are obtained from the segmented prostate of the whole image sequence of the patient. In the final step, we collect two features from these curves and use a k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> -nearest classifier to distinguish between malignant and benign detected tumors. Moreover, in this paper we introduce a new approach to generate color maps that illustrate the propagation of the contrast agent in the prostate tissues based on the analysis of the 3D spatial interaction of the change of the gray level values of prostate voxel using a Generalized Gauss Markov Random Field image model. Finally, the tumor boundaries are determined using a level set deformable model controlled by the perfusion information and the spatial interactions between the prostate voxels. Experimental results on 21 clinical Dynamic Contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging data sets yield promising results.
Influence of Various Plant Spacing on Growth, Herbage Yield, Essential Oil Yield and Aroma Content of Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martiniiRoxb.) at Different Harvest Under Agro-Climatic Condition of Doon Valley (2017)

Palmarosa oil is an essential oil bearing grass, rich in geraniol and geranyl acetate with abundant pharmacological activities. A field study was carried out during 2010 and 2011 at the Centre for Aromatic Plants (CAP), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India to investigate the effect of plant spacing on growth, herbage yield, essential oil content, and composition of palmarosa oil at different harvest. The experiment consisted six treatments of various plant spacing viz., 30 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 45 cm, 60 cm × 45 cm, and 60 cm × 60 cm. The results revealed that maximum plant height (200.9 cm) and herbage yield (361.5 q/ha) of palmarosa were obtained from closer plant spacing as compared to wider plant spacing. However, no. of tillers (69.1 tillers/plant), dry matter accumulation (DMA) (494.0 g/plant), oil content (0.56%) and oil yield (139.7 kg/ha) was found significantly higher under wider plant spacing as compared to closer spacing. The study revealed that the geraniol and geranyl acetate were found major aroma components of palmarosa oil, out of which geraniol accounted around 53.21-82.26% and geranyl acetate approximately 3.90-13.05%. However, the other components present in palmarosa oil were found very trace in amount. Therefore, based on the above findings it is concluded that cultivation of palmarosa crop with wider plant spacing produced the maximum and best quality of essential oil yield in the environment suitable for palmarosa in a Doon valley climate of the Himalayan region.
A 10-Gb/s Receiver With Track-and-Hold-Type Linear Phase Detector and Charge-Redistribution First-Order $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulator in 90-nm CMOS (2009)

A 10 Gb/s receiver with a digital CDR uses a track-and-hold-type linear phase detector (LPD) and charge-redistribution first-order ΔΣ modulator. It has low quantization error and high loop bandwidth due to the use of the LPD and maintains the advantages of a digital CDR such as low power consumption, small area, fast locking time, and low-jitter recovery clock because no internal VCO is needed. The CDR tracking bandwidth is 20 MHz and high-frequency jitter tolerance is 0.42 UIpp at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> BER. Power consumption of LPD is 2.6 mW while the entire receiver consumes 65 mW.
Consequences of secondary zeolite growth on catalytic performance in DMTO studied over DDR and CHA (2016)

Zeolites with DDR (Sigma-1 and ZSM-58) and CHA (SSZ-13) topology were synthesized by seed assisted and direct hydrothermal synthesis in order to investigate the effects of fast crystal growth on catalytic performance.
Rationale for Colonic Pre-Habilitation Prior to Restoration of Gastrointestinal Continuity (2023)

The emergence of the gut microbiome as a complex ecosystem that plays a key role in human heath and disease has touched virtually every aspect of medical and surgical care. With the advent of next-generation technology to interrogate the microbiome at the level of its membership, community structure and production of metabolites, applying measures by which the gut microbiome can be manipulated to the advantage of both the patient and provider is now possible. Among the many proposed methods, the most practical and promising is dietary pre-habilitation of the gut microbiome prior to high-risk anastomotic surgery. In this review, we will outline the scientific rationale and molecular underpinning that support dietary pre-habilitation as a practical and deliverable method to prevent complications after high-risk anastomotic surgery.
Overlap Syndrome of Asthma and COPD Predicts Low Quality of Life (2011)

Patients with overlapping asthma and COPD differed from those patients with asthma or COPD only. Overlap syndrome was associated with low HRQoL.
Harmonic reduction in capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers by gap feedback linearization (2012)

The nonlinear relationship between the electrical input signal and electrostatic force acting on the capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) membrane limits its harmonic imaging performance. Several input shaping methods were proposed to compensate for the nonlinearity originating from the electrostatic force's dependence on the square of the applied voltage. Here, we analyze harmonic generation in CMUTs with a time-domain model. The model explains the basis of the input shaping methods and suggests that the nonlinearity resulting from gap dependence of the electrostatic force is also significant. It also suggests that the harmonic distortion in the output pressure can be eliminated by subharmonic ac-only excitation of the CMUT in addition to scaling the input voltage with the instantaneous gap. This gap feedback configuration can be approximated by the simple addition of a series impedance to the CMUT capacitance. We analyze several types of series impedance feedback topologies for gap feedback linearization. We show that for subharmonic ac excitation, although resistive and capacitive impedances result in a trade-off between input voltage and harmonic distortion for a desired pressure output, harmonic generation can be suppressed while increasing the Pa/V transmit sensitivity for proper series inductance and resistance feedback. We experimentally demonstrate the feedback method by reducing harmonic generation by 10 dB for the same output pressure at the fundamental frequency by using a simple series resistor feedback with a CMUT operating at a center frequency of 3 MHz. The proposed methods also allow for utilization of the full CMUT gap for transmit operation and, hence, should be useful in high-intensity ultrasonic applications in addition to harmonic imaging.
Customization of a CISC processor core for low-power applications (2003)

This paper describes a core-customization process of a CISC processor core for a given application program. It aims at the power reduction in the CISC processor core by fully utilizing the microcode-based control scheme, that is one of the most characterizing features of a CISC processor The optimization process includes two key techniques, generation of application-specific complex instructions (ASCI) and low-power-oriented microcode-ROM compilation, which independently operate at the two different levels of optimization. As a means of architectural level of optimization, application-specific complex instructions are generated so as to reduce the activities of fetch and decode units, and in the point of physical level of optimization, the microcode-ROM is compiled to reduce the bit-line toggling for each microcode-ROM access. Our experimental results based on transistor-level simulation show the proposed techniques can jointly reduce the total power consumption of the CISC processor core by up to 41%.
Host-Mediated Phosphorylation of Type III Effector AvrPto PromotesPseudomonasVirulence and Avirulence in Tomato (2006)

The AvrPto protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato is delivered into plant cells by the bacterial type III secretion system, where it either promotes host susceptibility or, in tomato plants expressing the Pto kinase, elicits disease resistance. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we obtained evidence that AvrPto is phosphorylated when expressed in plant leaves. In vitro phosphorylation of AvrPto by plant extracts occurs independently of Pto and is due to a kinase activity that is conserved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Arabidopsis thaliana. Three Ser residues clustered in the C-terminal 18 amino acids of AvrPto were identified in vitro as putative phosphorylation sites, and one site at S149 was directly confirmed as an in vivo phosphorylation site by mass spectrometry. Substitution of Ala for S149 significantly decreased the ability of AvrPto to enhance disease symptoms and promote growth of P. s. tomato in susceptible tomato leaves. In addition, S149A significantly decreased the avirulence activity of AvrPto in resistant tomato plants. Our observations support a model in which AvrPto has evolved to mimic a substrate of a highly conserved plant kinase to enhance its virulence activity. Furthermore, residues of AvrPto that promote virulence are also monitored by plant defenses.
Partial Characterization of Intracellular Protease Activity Which Participates in the Inactivation of Carbamyl Phosphate Synthase inPhycomyces Blakesleeanus (1988)

We have partially characterized an intracellular fraction from Phycomyces blakesleeanus which shows proteolytic activity. The apparent thermal inactivation constant (Kd) was 0.12 min-1 at 50 degrees C. This proteolytic fraction was split into two active fractions by ultrafiltration using a membrane with an exclusion size of 30,000. Both fractions were inhibited by phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride. The Ki value for the fraction with molecular weight greater than 30,000 was 0.075 mM. The fraction with molecular weight less than 30,000 inactivated the Phycomyces CPS.
Dimension-reduction technique for polygons (2016)

Applications such as pattern recognition, shape matching, finite element analysis need lower dimensional representation of a higher dimensional shape. Skeleton provides such one dimensional representation for a 2D or 3D shape. It can be computed for various types of inputs, such as images, solids, sketches. Although there are various methods available for computation of the skeleton, their appropriateness depends on the requirement posed by their applications. Some focus on exact computation, some are approximate, some aim at faithful backward-reconstruction; whereas some focus at proper representation for human perception. This paper focuses on a method for creation of a particular type of skeleton, called Midcurve (a skeleton that lies at the midway of a shape) for planar polygon. This method is based on the Divide-and-Conquer strategy and works in two phases - decomposition and midcurve creation. Towards the end of the paper some test case results are presented along with the conclusions.