gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micellar-mediated general acid catalysed acetal hydrolysis. Reactions in comicelles (1996)

Anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) increase the rates of acid hydrolyses of dibutyl and di-tert-butyl benzaldehyde acetal (BBA and BTBA, respectively). The rate surfactant profiles are fitted by a pseudophase, ion-exchange, model and second-order rate constants in the micellar pseudophase are slightly lower than in water. In both media BTBA is considerably more reactive than BBA. The reaction of BTBA is general acid catalysed and with micellar-bound BTBA the first-order rate constant of hydrolysis in comicelles of SDS and sodium decyl hydrogenphosphate increases linearly with increasing mole fraction of the phosphate surfactant, which is a general acid catalyst in the micellar pseudophase. However, the rate constant of the specific hydrogen ion catalysed hydrolysis of BBA is independent of the mole fraction of the phosphate surfactant.
Downregulation of a chloroplast‐targeted β‐amylase leads to a starch‐excess phenotype in leaves (2002)

A functional screen in Escherichia coli was established to identify potato genes coding for proteins involved in transitory starch degradation. One clone isolated had a sequence very similar to a recently described chloroplast-targeted beta-amylase of Arabidopsis. Expression of the gene in E. coli showed that the protein product was a functional beta-amylase that could degrade both starch granules and solubilized amylopectin, while import experiments demonstrated that the beta-amylase was imported and processed into pea chloroplasts. To study the function of the protein in transitory starch degradation, transgenic potato plants were generated where its activity was reduced using antisense techniques. Analysis of plants reduced in the presence of this beta-amylase isoform showed that their leaves had a starch-excess phenotype, indicating a defect in starch degradation. In addition, it was shown that the antisense plants degraded only 8-30% of their total starch, in comparison with 50% in the wild type, over the dark period. This is the first time that a physiological role for a beta-amylase in plants has been demonstrated.
Intravenous Propofol: Unique Effectiveness in Treating Intractable Migraine (2000)

The use of intravenous propofol may represent a new, rapid, and highly effective form of abortive headache treatment in the headache clinic or emergency room setting and may offer an alternative to other treatment modalities for acute migraine and other severe intractable headaches. The effectiveness of propofol raises many new questions about the pathophysiology of migraine and other headaches.
Prevalence, mortality and healthcare economic burden of tuberous sclerosis in Hong Kong: a population-based retrospective cohort study (1995–2018) (2020)

Prevalence of local TSC patients is within the range of that reported in the literature. Local TSC patients have fair long term survival, but they require disproportionally high healthcare cost when compared with the general population, particularly in terms of outpatient (OP) visits. Although effective disease-modifying agent (i.e. mTOR inhibitor) is available, it was not widely used yet in Hong Kong despite the fact that Government approved and supported its use recently. Further research on quality of life and setting up a comprehensive patient registry are necessary for more accurate assessment of cost and benefit.
THE ACTION OF INSULIN ON THE METABOLISM OF CELL CULTURES (1960)

SUMMARY 1. The effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis and the incorporation of inorganic phosphate into cultured mammalian cells was investigated. 2. Insulin was always found to stimulate glycolysis. It also accelerated the utilization of pyruvic acid from the medium. 3. Enhanced turnover of phosphate in the acid-soluble and lipid fractions of the cells was found. Only rarely was there increased turnover of RNA phosphorus or DNA phosphorus, even in the presence of other phenomena. 4. Increased 32 P incorporation into acid-soluble compounds was observed in many experiments, it was not confined to energy-rich compounds. 5. Increased cell membrane activity was noted and this was often accompanied by increased visible pinocytosis. 6. It is concluded that most of the phenomena observed on treating cultured cells with insulin can be explained as being secondary to increased glycolysis. Increased pinocytosis may be a primary or secondary phenomenon in the chain of events.
Modelling and Analysis of Elliptical Cantilever Device Using Flexure Method and Fabrication of Electrospun PVDF/BaTiO3 Nanocomposites (2019)

Cantilever-based piezoelectric has been the most preferred technique for energy harvesting and sensing application due to its simple design. The energy conversion efficiency has been continuously improved by exploring alternative cantilever geometries by increasing the stress distribution on the beam surface. In this paper, we have introduced half elliptical and full elliptical profile modification in the cantilever structure to improve and uniformly distribute the stress at the beam surface. Stress distribution characteristics of the modified cantilever beams were investigated and compared using finite element analysis. Based on the theoretical and finite element analysis, cantilever beams were fabricated using 3D print technology. Fabricated cantilever beams were then used to investigate the piezoelectric performances of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in composite of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanoparticles in the form of electrospun composite nanofibers. FTIR analysis shows successful conversion of alpha phase to beta phase of PVDF and PVDF/BaTiO 3 nanocomposites. During 6[Formula: see text]Hz cyclic actuating experiment, maximum voltage output of 0.15[Formula: see text]V and 1.5[Formula: see text]nA current output were observed. The concept was proposed to replace MEMS-based sensor in hand tremor quantification to assist Parkinson disease management.
Dual‐laser, differential fluorescence correction method for reducing cellular background autofluorescence (1986)

A method has been developed for reducing the intrinsic autofluorescence background component in cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies, thus permitting low levels of antibody-binding on highly autofluorescent cells to be quantified. The method is based on the broad autofluorescent excitation spectra compared to the well-defined spectra of the fluorescent label. Two laser wavelengths were used, one optimally to excite the fluorescent label plus autofluorescence and the second to excite only the autofluorescence. Two fluorescence measurements were made in the same wavelength region and the signals were subtracted on a cell-by-cell basis using a difference amplifier to zero the autofluorescence and amplify the signal from the fluorescent label. Test results on unlabeled autofluorescent macrophages showed that the autofluorescence component was reduced by balancing the signal inputs to the difference amplifier. When labeled macrophages were analyzed, the autofluorescence was reduced and the fluorescent-labeled antibody-binding component was amplified. The method was also able to resolve labeled lymphocytes from unlabeled autofluorescent macrophages.
An 8-user UMTS channel unit processor for 3GPP base station applications (2004)

We present a multi-user W-CDMA baseband channel unit processor ASIC for cellular base station applications. The ASIC is compliant with the 3GPP/UMTS standard and exceeds 3GPP minimum requirements for high-speed data by 2.1 to 6.35 dB. It supports up to 8 users simultaneously, with a mix of voice and data services and a maximum uplink data rate of 384 kbps. The ASIC implements preamble detection, searching, RAKE-finger demodulation, channel coding/decoding for voice and data services, and transmission functions. It is coupled to a DSP to form a complete channel element for 8 users. The ASIC has 1.88 M gates plus 2.7 Mbits of SRAM in a 0.16 /spl mu/m CMOS process at 61.44 MHz.
Peer Review #2 of "Sample-level sound synthesis with recurrent neural networks and conceptors (v0.2)" (2019)

Conceptors are a recent development in the field of reservoir computing; they can be used to influence the dynamics of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), enabling generation of arbitrary patterns based on training data. Conceptors allow interpolation and extrapolation between patterns, and also provide a system of boolean logic for combining patterns together. Generation and manipulation of arbitrary patterns using conceptors has significant potential as a sound synthesis method for applications in computer music but has yet to be explored. Conceptors are untested with generation of long sequences (of more than 20 samples) and multi-timbre pattern generation.
HiCUP: pipeline for mapping and processing Hi-C data (2015)

HiCUP is a pipeline for processing sequence data generated by Hi-C and Capture Hi-C (CHi-C) experiments, which are techniques used to investigate three-dimensional genomic organisation. The pipeline maps data to a specified reference genome and removes artefacts that would otherwise hinder subsequent analysis. HiCUP also produces an easy-to-interpret yet detailed quality control (QC) report that assists in refining experimental protocols for future studies. The software is freely available and has already been used for processing Hi-C and CHi-C data in several recently published peer-reviewed studies.
An Electrical Network for Determining the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Real Symmetric Matrix (1947)

An electrical network for determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix of order n is described. It consists of n LC-circuits, each one coupled to each of the others by two condensers. The values of the condensers are adjusted according to the elements of the matrix. Both positive and negative values of the elements can be dealt with by changing the connections of the coupling condensers. The network is excited by a variable frequency source, the resonance frequencies being observed on an oscillograph. The eigenvalues are given by these resonance frequencies and the components of the eigenvectors by the voltages across the coils. The construction of the network and the operating procedure are described. The theory of the network when losses in the coils are taken into account is also given, and the case of multiple roots is discussed. The accuracy of the eigenvalues obtained is better than 0.1 percent of the greatest eigenvalue, while the accuracy of each eigenvector is about one percent of its greatest component.
Supplemental Figure S3 from Obesity Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Success through Increased Lipogenesis, Enhanced Vascularity, and Decreased Infiltration of M1 Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative histology of Cohort 3 metastatic implants in wild type control or ob/ob mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Tetrad-binding ligands do not bind specifically to left-handed G-quadruplexes (2022)

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are attractive anticancer targets. While right-handed G4s have been extensively investigated with many specific ligands reported, left-handed G4s formed by natural DNA have been recently discovered. Here we show that ligands specific for right-handed G4s, such as Phen-DC<sub>3</sub> and RHAU peptide, do not bind specifically to left-handed G4s. In right-handed G4s, these ligands can displace capping overhangs and/or loops to stack on the exposed terminal tetrads. In contrast, the presence of tight T-capping in left-handed G4s hinders access to the tetrads.
β-sheet secondary structure of the trimeric globular domain of C1q of complement and collagen types VIII and X by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and averaged structure predictions (1994)

C1q plays a key role in the recognition of immune complexes, thereby initiating the classical pathway of complement activation. Although the triple-helix conformation of its N-terminal segment is well established, the secondary structure of the trimeric globular C-terminal domain is as yet unknown. The secondary structures of human C1q and C1q stalks and pepsin-extracted human collagen types I, III and IV (with no significant non-collagen-like structure) were studied by Fourier-transform i.r. spectroscopy in 2H2O buffers. After second-derivative calculation to resolve the fine structure of the broad amide I band, the Fourier-transform i.r. spectrum of C1q showed two major bands, one at 1637 cm-1, which is a characteristic frequency for beta-sheets, and one at 1661 cm-1. Both major bands were also detected for Clq in H2O buffers. Only the second major band was observed at 1655 cm-1 in pepsin-digested C1q which contains primarily the N-terminal triple-helix region. The Fourier-transform i.r. spectra of collagen in 2H2O also showed a major band at 1659 cm-1 (and minor bands at 1632 cm-1 and 1682 cm-1). It is concluded that the C1q globular heads contain primarily beta-sheet structure. The C-terminal domains of C1q show approximately 25% sequence identity with the non-collagen-like C-terminal regions of the short-chain collagen types VIII and X. To complement the Fourier-transform-i.r. spectroscopic data, averaged Robson and Chou-Fasman structure predictions on 15 similar sequences for the globular domains of C1q and collagen types VIII and X were performed. These showed a clear pattern of ten beta-strands interspersed by beta-turns and /or loops. Residues thought to be important for C1q-immune complex interactions with IgG and IgM were predicted to be at a surface-exposed loop. Sequence insertions and deletions, glycosylation sites, the free cysteine residue and RGD recognition sequences were also predicted to be at surface-exposed positions.
Meal Detection and Carbohydrate Estimation Using Continuous Glucose Sensor Data (2017)

A meal detection and meal-size estimation algorithm is developed for use in artificial pancreas (AP) control systems for people with type 1 diabetes. The algorithm detects the consumption of a meal and estimates its carbohydrate (CHO) amount to determine the appropriate dose of insulin bolus for a meal. It can be used in AP systems without manual meal announcements, or as a safety feature for people who may forget entering meal information manually. Using qualitative representation of the filtered continuous glucose monitor signal, a time period labeled as meal flag is identified. At every sampling time during this time period, a fuzzy system estimates the amount of CHO. Meal size estimator uses both glucose sensor and insulin data. Meal insulin bolus is based on estimated CHO. The algorithm does not change the basal insulin rate. Thirty in silico subjects of the UVa/Padova simulator are used to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. For the evaluation dataset, the sensitivity and false positives detection rates are 91.3% and 9.3%, respectively, the absolute error in CHO estimation is 23.1%, the mean blood glucose level is 142 mg/dl, and glucose concentration stays in target range (70-180 mg/dl) for 76.8% of simulation duration on average.
Numerical Simulation of Cell Motility at Low Reynolds Number (2012)

As length scales decrease to microns, the mechanism for swimming becomes unfortunately counter-intuitive. In the macro-world, where human intuition has developed, we swim by accelerating the liquid around us. For microorganisms, which swim at Reynolds numbers much less than unity, Stokes law does not permit accelerations. As such, the fluid movement is governed entirely by the local boundaries of the microorganism and the fluid viscosity dampens velocity fluctuations rapidly as distance away from the swimmer increases. A well known byproduct of this, Purcell’s “Scallop Theorem”, forbids reciprocal motions to generate net forward movement [1]. To overcome this, flagella propagate waves down their length and cilia have asymmetric beats. This type of motility has been described as zero-thrust swimming since the net force on the organism-fluid system must be zero [2].
Aging-aware statistical soft-error-rate analysis for nano-scaled CMOS designs (2013)

Aging and soft errors have become the two most critical reliability issues for nano-scaled CMOS designs. In this paper, the aging effect due to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is first analyzed on cells using a 45nm CMOS technology for soft errors. Second, an accurate statistical soft-error-rate (SSER) framework is built and incorporates the aging-aware cell models. As a result, two findings are discovered: (1) PMOS-induced transient faults, comparing to NMOS-induced ones, have more variation in pulse widths since PMOS is more susceptible to NBTI; (2) NBTI together with process variation, induces more soft errors (~19%) and thus needs to be considered, simultaneously, during circuit analysis. Experimental result shows that our SSER framework considering both process variation and aging is efficient (with multiple-order speedups) and achieves high accuracy (with <;3% errors) when compared with Monte-Carlo SPICE simulation.
Intravenous Infusion of Nucleated Peripheral Blood Cells Restores Fertility in Mice with Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure (2018)

Cancer treatment with specific chemotherapeutic agents has been well documented to have an adverse impact on female fertility leading to premature ovarian failure (POF). The objective of this study was to investigate if chemotherapeutic induced POF can be reversed with an infusion of autologous nucleated peripheral blood cells (PBMC). To reach our goal, mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injections of busulfan and cyclophosphamide to induce POF. This was followed by transfusion of PBMC. The ovarian morphology and functional parameters were monitored by radioimmunoassay, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis. Our study showed that chemotherapy (CTX) protracted estrous cycle period and repressed E2 production. CTX decreased the expressions of steroidogenesis markers- CYP-17 synthesis, StAR and Connexin-43 protein expression from the ovarian follicles. We also observed reduced numbers and sizes of the primordial and primary follicles in CTX-treated mice compared to untreated controls (P &amp;lt; 0.05). When both CTX and untreated &amp;ndash;control groups were stimulated with gonadotrophin, the control group produced ten times more ova than the CTX group.&amp;nbsp; Finally, the treatment of premature ovarian failure induced by CTX with autologous PBMC transfusion resulted in over-expression and a statistically significant increase in several stem cell markers and restoration of fertility. Infusion with PBMC in CTX further decreased the estrous cycle length by 2.5 times (P &amp;lt; 0.01). We found that transfusion of autologous PBMC to mice with chemotherapy induced POF was very effective at restoring fertility. These results are similar to other studies using bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Direct gray-scale minutiae detection in fingerprints (1997)

Most automatic systems for fingerprint comparison are based on minutiae matching. Minutiae are essentially terminations and bifurcations of the ridge lines that constitute a fingerprint pattern. Automatic minutiae detection is an extremely critical process, especially in low-quality fingerprints where noise and contrast deficiency can originate pixel configurations similar to minutiae or hide real minutiae. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature; although rather different from each other, all these methods transform fingerprint images into binary images. In this work we propose an original technique, based on ridge line following, where the minutiae are extracted directly from gray scale images. The results achieved are compared with those obtained through some methods based on image binarization. In spite of a greater conceptual complexity, the method proposed performs better both in terms of efficiency and robustness.
Bit Rate Identification Using Delay-tap Asynchronous Waveform Sampling (2007)

We use the recently proposed delay-tap asynchronous waveform sampling technique to experimentally identify the bitrate of NRZ data ranging from 9 to 13 Gbit/s, in the presence of varying levels of OSNR, and chromatic dispersion.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALKANE (OR ARENE)‐THIO‐,‐SULFINATO‐, AND ‐SULFONATOINDIUM(III) PORPHYRINS. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF METHANESULFONATO(5,10,15,20‐TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRINATO)INDIUM(III) (1981)

Abstract Die Arylmercapto‐In‐porphyrine (Ic) wurden durch Reaktion der Liganden mit InCl 3 in Thiophenol, die Alkylmercapto‐ Verbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) durch Einwirkung einer entsprechenden Organo‐Li‐Verbindung auf die Chloro‐In‐porphyrine in Benzol oder Toluol dargestellt.
New Insight into the Structure–Activity Relationships of the Selective Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter Subtype 1 (EAAT1) Inhibitors UCPH‐101 and UCPH‐102 (2016)

In the present study, we made further investigations on the structure-activity requirements of the selective excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) inhibitor, 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (UCPH-101), by exploring 15 different substituents (R(1) ) at the 7-position in combination with eight different substituents (R(2) ) at the 4-position. Among the 63 new analogues synthesized, we identified a number of compounds that unexpectedly displayed inhibitory activities at EAAT1 in light of understanding the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this inhibitor class extracted from previous studies. Moreover, the nature of the R(1) and R(2) substituents were observed to contribute to the functional properties of the various analogues in additive and non-additive ways. Finally, separation of the four stereoisomers of analogue 14 g (2-amino-4-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-cyano-7-isopropyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene) was carried out, and in agreement with a study of a related scaffold, the R configuration at C4 was found to be mandatory for inhibitory activity, while both the C7 diastereomers were found to be active as EAAT1 inhibitors. A study of the stereochemical stability of the four pure stereoisomers 14 g-A-D showed that epimerization takes places at C7 via a ring-opening, C-C bond rotation, ring-closing mechanism.
Global existence and blow-up for non-Newton polytropic filtration system with nonlocal source (2009)

This paper deals the global existence and blow-up properties of the following non-Newton polytropic filtration system with nonlocal source, $$u_t-\triangle_{m,p}u=a\int_{\Omega}v^\alpha (x,t)dx, v_t-\triangle_{n,q}v=b\int_{\Omega}u^\beta (x,t)dx.$$ Under appropriate hypotheses, we prove that the solution either exists globally or blows up in finite time depends on the initial data and the relations between $\alpha\beta$ and $mn(p-1)(q-1)$. In the special case, $\alpha=n(q-1), \beta=m(p-1)$, we also give a criteria for the solution exists globally or blows up in finite time, which depends on $ab$ and $\zeta(x), \vartheta(x)$ defined in our main results. doi:10.1017/S1446181108000242