gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsea Pipeline Corrosion Estimation by Restoring and Enhancing Degraded Underwater Images (2018)

Subsea pipeline corrosion is considered as a severe problem in offshore oil and gas industry. It directly affects the integrity of the pipeline which further leads to cracks and leakages. At present, subsea visual inspection and monitoring is performed by trained human divers; however, offshore infrastructures are moving from shallow to deep waters due to exhaustion of fossil fuels. Therefore, inhospitable underwater environmental conditions for human diver demand imaging-based robotic solution as an alternate for visual inspection and monitoring of subsea pipelines. However, an unfriendly medium is a challenge for underwater imaging-based inspection and monitoring activities due to absorption and scattering of light that further leads to blur, color attenuation, and low contrast. This paper presents a new method for subsea pipeline corrosion estimation by using color information of corroded pipe. As precursor steps, an image restoration and enhancement algorithm are developed for degraded underwater images. The developed algorithm minimizes blurring effects and enhances color and contrast of the images. The enhanced colors in the imaging data help in corrosion estimation process. The image restoration and enhancement algorithm are tested on both experimentally collected as well as publicly available hazy underwater images. A reasonable accuracy is achieved in corrosion estimation that helped to distinguish between corroded and non-corroded surface areas of corroded pipes. The qualitative and quantitative analyses show promising results that encourage to integrate the proposed method into a robotic system that can be used for real-time underwater pipeline corrosion inspection activity.
Effective awk programming (3rd ed.) (2001)

Comparison with classic POPC and PCPC categories suggests that the new FSS scale is a useful method for evaluating functional health in our setting. The dispersion of FSS values underlines the poor accuracy of POPC-PCPC compared to the new FSS scale, which is more disaggregated and objective.
Principal component analysis in decomposable Gaussian graphical models (2009)

We consider principal component analysis (PCA) in decomposable Gaussian graphical models. We exploit the prior information in these models in order to distribute its computation. For this purpose, we reformulate the problem in the sparse inverse covariance (concentration) domain and solve the global eigenvalue problem using a sequence of local eigenvalue problems in each of the cliques of the decomposable graph. We demonstrate the application of our methodology in the context of decentralized anomaly detection in the Abilene backbone network. Based on the topology of the network, we propose an approximate statistical graphical model and distribute the computation of PCA.
Power electronics education using Mathcad (2005)

Organized by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 12th - 13th December 2005 at Johor, Malaysia.
Deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex (2013)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise for relieving nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms of refractory chronic pain. We assessed the efficacy of a new target for the affective component of pain, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A 49-year-old man with neuropathic pain underwent bilateral ACC DBS. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected before and 2 years after surgery using a Visual Analogue Scale, Short-Form 36 quality of life survey, McGill pain questionnaire, EuroQol-5D questionnaires (EQ-5D; Health State) and neuropsychological assessments. The patient improved with DBS. Two years after surgery, the Visual Analogue Scale decreased from 6.7 to 3.0, McGill pain questionnaire improved by 42% and EQ-5D Health State increased by 150%. Stimulating the ACC at 130 Hz, 330 µs and 3 V facilitated neuropathic pain relief. The DBS remained efficacious during the 2-year follow-up period. Affective ACC DBS can relieve chronic neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacotherapy and restore quality of life.
Fuzzy logic control based Electronic Load Controller for Self Excited Induction Generator (2016)

Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) is gaining importance for generating and supplying electrical energy in remote and rural areas. SEIG with separate excitation bank is efficient because of its low cost, compact size, rigidity and brushless construction. However, the SEIG suffers from poor voltage and frequency regulation. In this paper, an effective control scheme for Electronic Load Controller (ELC) is presented comprising of a current-controlled voltage source inverter (CC-VSI) with an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based chopper switch and a dump load (resistor). This control scheme is based on fuzzy logic control and examined under linear and nonlinear load conditions to maintain the voltage and frequency at a constant level. The proposed ELC is designed and simulated in MATLAB and Simulink with different electrical load conditions. The fuzzy logic based ELC aids as a reactive power compensator and load leveler. The results highlight the effectiveness of the presented control scheme.
Time-resolved ion energy distribution functions in the afterglow of an EUV-induced plasma (2019)

Since the introduction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography (EUVL), the inevitable presence of EUV-induced plasmas inside the lithography tools impacts the operation of EUV optical components. EUV-induced plasmas are created everywhere in the optical path due to the ionizing interaction between the high energy (92 eV) EUV photons and the tools' background gas, which typically is hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1–10 Pa. From a physical point of view, the main impact of the plasma is due to the presence of ions that imping the plasma-facing surfaces. Experimental research into the fluence and energy distribution functions (IEDFs) of ions from EUV-induced plasmas has been limited to time-averaged measurements. In this Letter, we present time-resolved measurements of IEDFs for H+, H2+, and H3+ ions from an EUV-induced plasma in pure hydrogen gas. To this end, an electrostatic quadrupole plasma (EQP) analyzer has been used. The measurements pinpointed momentary fluxes up to three orders of magnitude higher than earlier reported average ion fluxes. In addition, the mean ion energy was unexpectedly found to remain elevated up to 50 μs after the gas had been irradiated with EUV photons. Also, it was shown that the EQP detects H2+ ions on time scales much larger than expected. The presented results are valuable not only for the understanding of elementary processes regarding EUV-induced plasmas interacting with surfaces but also for simulating and predicting the impact of EUV-induced plasma on the lifetime and stability of optical components in EUVL.
Increased Expression of IL-37 in Patients with Graves' Disease and Its Contribution to Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines Production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2014)

Increased level of IL-37 in patients with GD are associated with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and disease activity, and it plays a protective role against inflammatory effect in GD by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, IL-37 may provide a novel research target for the pathogenesis and therapy of GD.
WO3-Based Gas Sensors: Identifying Inherent Qualities and Understanding the Sensing Mechanism (2020)

Semiconducting metal oxide-based gas sensors are an attractive option for a wide array of applications. In particular, sensors based on WO<sub>3</sub> are promising for applications varying from indoor air quality to breath analysis. There is a great breadth of literature which examines how the sensing characteristics of WO<sub>3</sub> can be tuned via changes in, for example, morphology or surface additives. Because of variations in measurement conditions, however, it is difficult to identify inherent qualities of WO<sub>3</sub> from these reports. Here, the sensing behavior of five different WO<sub>3</sub> samples is examined. The samples show good complementarity to SnO<sub>2</sub> (the most commonly used material)-based sensors. A surprising homogeneity, despite variation in morphology and preparation method, is found. Using operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, it is found that the oxygen vacancies are the dominant reaction partner of WO<sub>3</sub> with the analyte gas. This surface chemistry is offered as an explanation for the homogeneity of WO<sub>3</sub>-based sensors.
Thirty-day readmission rate of COVID-19 patients discharged from a tertiary care university hospital in Turkey: an observational, single-center study (2020)

This is one of the first studies to report on 30-day readmission rate of COVID-19 in the literature. More comprehensive studies are needed to reveal the causes and predictors of COVID-19 readmissions.
Comparing factors that influence learning management systems use on computers and on mobile (2019)

Purpose Learning management systems (LMSs) have been embraced for their potential to create a ubiquitous learning that is free from time and space constraints. Mobile devices afford enhanced mobility that enables flexible learning with LMSs. Thus, understanding students’ use of mobile devices to interact with LMSs and the influencing factors is essential. This paper aims to examine the factors that influenced students’ behavioural intention in using Web-based LMSs via mobile phones and compared the factors with those that affect students’ general acceptance of Web-based LMSs. Design/methodology/approach This study surveyed 356 university students and interviewed 17 students on the various factors that might affect their LMS adoption. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the survey data. Findings This study identified that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence and facilitating conditions were significant determinants of students’ usage intention in both contexts. However, social factors exerted greater influence on students’ behavioural intentions of mobile access than the attitudinal factors. The results also pinpointed some sociocultural and tempo-spatial factors that might have minimized the influence of perceived usefulness in the mobile context. Originality/value The study calls for special attention to the potential influences of sociocultural norms and tempo-spatial circumstances of mobile use in shaping the nature of learners’ voluntary mobile use of LMSs.
SLA BASED SERVICE BROKERING IN INTERCLOUD ENVIRONMENTS (2012)

The fast emerging Cloud computing market over the last years resulted in a variety of heterogeneous and less interoperable Cloud infrastructures.This leads to a challenging and urgent problem for Cloud users when selecting their best fitting Cloud provider and hence it ties them to a particular provider.A new growing research paradigm, which envisions a network of interconnected and interoperable Clouds through the use of open standards, is Intercloud computing.This allows users to easily migrate their application workloads across Clouds regardless of the underlying used Cloud provider platform.A very promising future use case of Intercloud computing is Cloud services brokerage.In this paper, we propose a generic architecture for a Cloud service broker operating in an Intercloud environment by using the latest Cloud standards.The broker aims to find the most suitable Cloud provider while satisfying the users' service requirements in terms of functional and non-functional Service Level Agreement parameters.After discussing the broker value-added services, we present in detail the broker design.We focus especially on how the expected SLA management and resource interoperability functionalities are included in the broker.Finally, we present a realistic simulation testbed to validate and evaluate the proposed architecture.
Predicting progression in patients followed with active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. (2014)

38 Background: Due to the inability to predict progression and need for treatment, patients with low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC) managed by active surveillance (AS) are subjected to repeated biopsies and their possible complications. We developed a nomogram predicting the risk of progression in patients on AS for LRPC. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients enrolled in an AS program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1993 and 2012 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic data for patients who met the inclusion criteria for AS (cT1 or cT2a, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] less than 10, Gleason 6 or less, no more than three positive biopsy cores and no greater than 50% involvement of any single core) on the diagnostic and the confirmatory biopsies were collected and used to develop a nomogram for predicting progression-free probability. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between each risk variable (age, PSA levels, clinical stage, biopsy features) and disease progression. Progression was defined as failure to meet the inclusion criteria during follow up. Results: A total of 1,095 patients were enrolled in an AS program at MSKCC during the study period, of which 680 met the inclusion criteria for AS on both the diagnostic and the confirmatory biopsies and had available follow-up. At a median follow-up of 3 years 101 patients progressed. A nomogram predicting the progression-free probability was designed based on characteristics at diagnosis, result of a confirmatory biopsy and the number of negative and positive surveillance biopsies to date. A concordance index of 0.596 was calculated. Conclusions: Conditioned upon external validation, this nomogram can be used to counsel patients on their risk of progression and their surveillance protocol can be adjusted appropriately, possibly avoiding unnecessary biopsies and preventing biopsy-related complications.
FTY720 S‐ene‐phosphonate is a novel pan‐antagonist of the S1P receptors that inhibits lymphocyte egress (2010)

FTY720 phosphate, an analogue of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is in a phase‐III clinical study for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. FTY720P causes S1P 1 receptor internalization rendering the lymphocytes unresponsive to S1P. Here we describe the first enantioselective synthesis of chiral isosteric phosphonate analogues of FTY720 and the pharmacological characterization of two enantiomers, FTY720 S‐ene phosphonate and FTY720 R‐ene phosphonate. Pharmacological analysis of the enantiomers revealed that R‐ene was a full agonist of S1P 1 (EC 50 38±5 nM). In contrast, S‐ene was a full antagonist of S1P 1,3,4 (Ki 208 nM, 15 nM, and 1190 nM, respectively) and a partial antagonist of S1P 2 and S1P 4 . Both enantiomers dose‐dependently inhibited lysophospholipase D (IC 50 182 nM for S‐ene and 169 nM for R‐ene). When injected into mice, S‐ene caused transient peripheral lymphopenia, which is consistent with its antagonist activity at S1P 1 . FTY720 S‐ene phosphonate also activated ERK1/2 in a pertussis toxin‐sensitive mechanism, suggesting that it also activated a yet unidentified GPCR. FTY720 S‐ene phosphonate exerted an antiapoptotic effect in IEC‐6 intestinal epithelial cells challenged with camptothecin. S‐ene is the first pan‐antagonist of S1P receptors and offers utility in probing S1P responses in vitro and in vivo. Supported by NIH Grants HL083187, AI80405 and CA92160.
Overlapped stepped frequency train of flam pulses for microwave imaging (2015)

One way of improving the range resolution of microwave imaging systems is to synthesize the ultra wideband signal from a regular set of narrowband modulated pulses. This chapter discusses a train of linear frequency modulated pulses with equal carrier frequency steps between pulses. There is a significant growth of interest in high-resolution microwave imaging systems for non-destructive studying of composed objects. One of the important components of a microwave imaging system is a high-resolution short-range radio ranging unit, which includes the signal forming and processing part, transceiver, and antenna subsystem. Chirp signal compression requires relatively high analog-to-digital conversion rate as well as enough computational resources. The most successful experiments were made using ultra wideband pulsed signals and continuous wave stepped frequency signals. One of the important components of a microwave imaging system is a high-resolution short-range radio ranging unit, which includes the signal forming and processing part, transceiver, and antenna subsystem.
Electrochemical Reduction of Zirconium Oxide and Co-Deposition of Al-Zr Alloy from Cryolite Molten Salt (2019)

The electrochemical reduction of zirconium oxide in a molten salt of 2.4NaF·AlF3 (molar ratio = 2.4) was studied at 1273 K. Cyclic voltammetry results show that Zr(IV) ions are first reduced to an intermediate valence and, then, are co-deposited with aluminum to form an Al-Zr alloy. Potentiostatic electrolysis experiments were carried out at different potentials (−0.95 and −1.25 V) and at 1273 K, and the electrolysis products were characterized using SEM-EDS and XRD. The XRD analysis confirms that a mixture of cryolite molten salt and ZrO2 was electrodeposited at −0.95 V, while aluminum and Al3Zr were electrodeposited at −1.25 V. The SEM analysis shows that the aluminum and Al3Zr were in two different phases.
Symbolic Encoding of Reliability for the Design of Redundant Architectures (2022)

In this paper, we propose an approach to automatic optimization of redundant embedded system architectures. Given a high-level description of a system and a library of redundant design patterns, all valid redundant alternative architectures are considered. Then, a model of the deviation of the architecture from its nominal behavior is built, and the set of all fault configurations, also referred to as “cut sets”, is computed. This can be used to extract a reliability function for the architecture under study. We leverage the power of Satisfiability Modulo Theory to encode the problem with a symbolic technique, and use the reliability function, together with the assessment of other design objectives, to compare different redundant configurations, thus supporting the exploration of the design space.
Human resources development and poverty alleviation: A study of 23 poor counties in China (1994)

"In recent years, poverty has become a serious issue in the socioeconomic development of China. One of the most important features of poverty is 'poor population quality', a factor that also causes poverty. Human resources development (HRD) strategies have been used as a weapon against poverty in many developing countries; some have proven to be quite effective. This article, which researches the relationship between HRD indicators and poverty status, finds that enhancement of education levels, improvement of health status, the gaining of skills and experience, increasing time away from home and choosing suitable occupations, all can contribute greatly to the reduction and alleviation of poverty."
Anti-bacterial Treatment of Polyethylene by Cold Plasma for Medical Purposes (2012)

Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used polymers in many industrial applications. Biomedical uses seem to be attractive, with increasing interest. However, PE it prone to infections and its additional surface treatment is indispensable. An increase in resistance to infections can be achieved by treating PE surfaces with substances containing antibacterial groups such as triclosan (5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and chlorhexidine (1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide]). This work has examined the impact of selected antibacterial substances immobilized on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) via polyacrylic acid (PAA) grafted on LDPE by low-temperature barrier discharge plasma. This LDPE surface treatment led to inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion; the first causes intestinal disease, peritonitis, mastitis, pneumonia, septicemia, the latter is the reason for wound and urinary tract infections.
Sizing of Refractory Castable Gas-Burner Using Thermomechanical Simulations (2010)

Damage is a crucial characteristic of refractory castables and has to be considered to simulate correctly the behaviour of refractory structures. But, damage modelling by finite element simulations remains difficult. Indeed, the use of a continuum damage model with softening leads to strain localization phenomena. Numerical results depend on the mesh. Several numerical methods allow solving this meshing dependence by introducing an internal length in the material constitutive laws. In this paper, a regularization method has been applied with the damage plasticity model, considering a scalar value for damage. This model enables to take into account permanent strains due to plasticity and damage before and after the peak stress in tension and compression. Thermomechanical simulations are performed with this model to predict damage in a gas-burner. The damage level is evaluated after a thermal simulation generating high temperature gradients. Interests to take into account damage in the refractory structures are discussed. Sensitivity of results to material properties is studied. This work gives an example of using thermomechanical simulations to improve the design of refractory castable structures and to help in the material choice.
Transient response of supercritical CO2 axial turbine for KAIST MMR (2019)

The Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) Brayton power cycle has the advantages of relatively high efficiency at moderate heat source temperature compared to a steam Rankine cycle or a helium Brayton cycle and compact components size. In nuclear energy industry, Small Modular Reactors have potentials in many aspects, flexibility of construction, and applicability for the distributed power source and reduced construction cost. Therefore, KAIST research team developed an S-CO2 cooled Small Modular Reactor namely KAIST Micro Modular Reactor (MMR), using both advantages of S-CO2 cycle and SMR. Currently, radial turbine is being used for the output of 12MWe in MMR. The original KAIST-MMR was designed to utilize radial turbine but the 12MWe power output of MMR can adopt axial turbine as well. Therefore, this paper explores the potential of improving both steady state performance and transient response by switching from radial type to axial type turbine. The implications of the transient analysis results show the advantages of using the axial turbine over the radial turbine because the axial turbine operates at relatively higher efficiencies for wider off-design ranges.
Ultraviolet and visible photoresponse properties of a ZnO/Si heterojunction at zero bias (2013)

High quality ZnO microwires (MWs) with an electron concentration of 1.06 × 1017 cm−3 and carrier mobility of 1.68 cm2 V−1 s−1 were synthesized by a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Based on a single n-type ZnO MW and a p-type Si film, an ultraviolet (UV)-visible photodetector (PD) has been constructed from the p–n junction, which showed a high rectification ratio larger than 103 at ±3 V and an ideal factor of about 2. Under zero bias, the PD exhibited high photosensitivities of ∼2 × 104 and ∼5 × 103 for UV (325 nm) and visible (514 nm) light, respectively, with a fast response time of about 7.4 ms. Also, detailed characterizations indicated that the short-circuit current (Isc) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) showed square root and logarithmical dependences on the light intensity, respectively. The results support that n-ZnO MW/p-Si film PDs have potential application in the field of UV-visible detection and might be used as elements for powering low-energy micro/nanosystems.