gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Thermal Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion (2016)

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion enables millimeter scale power generation required for portable microelectronics, robotics, etc. In a TPV system, a heat source heats a selective emitter to incandescence, the radiation from which is incident on a low bandgap TPV cell. The selective emitter tailors the photonic density of states to produce spectrally confined selective emission of light matching the bandgap of the photovoltaic cell, enabling high heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency. The selective emitter requires: thermal stability at high-temperatures for long operational lifetimes, simple and relatively low-cost fabrication, as well as spectrally selective emission over a large uniform area. Generally, the selective emission can either originate from the natural material properties, such as in ytterbia or erbia emitters, or can be engineered through microstructuring. Our approach, the 2D photonic crystal fabricated in refractory metals, offers high spectral selectivity and high-temperature stability while being fabricated by standard semiconductor processes. In this work, we present a brief comparison of TPV system efficiencies using these different emitter technologies. We then focus on the design, fabrication, and characterization of our current 2D photonic crystal, which is a square lattice of cylindrical holes fabricated in a refractory metal substrate. The spectral performance and thermal stability of the fabricated photonic crystal thermal emitters are demonstrated and the efficiency gain of our model TPV system is characterized.
Carvedilol causes greater persistent blockage of beta2- than beta1-adrenoceptors in human failing myocardium (2005)

The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and of abnormalities in pulmonary function was determined by a survey of persons, aged 25 to 74, residing during May and June 1963 in a rural town, Chilliwack, B.C. Morning phlegm was reported by 26% of men and 13% of women. Chronic bronchitis was considered present in 21.5% of men and 11.3% of women. More serious obstructive lung disease, not related to heart disease, was found in 12.6% of men and 8.7% of women. These prevalences were higher than those found by the authors at Berlin, New Hampshire, U.S.A., in 1961. Demographic factors, such as birthplace, occupational class and measures of social stability, were not related to the prevalence of respiratory disease at Chilliwack. Some observer variation was found after analysis to be the result of non-randomization of respondents among the observers. An incidental observation was a high prevalence at Chilliwack of heart disease and hypertension under treatment.
Birefringence analysis of aluminum-to-BK7 bonding methods under thermal stress (2022)

Ultrafast laser welding, hydroxide catalysis bonding (HCB) and adhesive bonding techniques were used to bond N-BK7 cubes to aluminum bases. Using a thermal chamber and polariscope, the stress induced birefringence was measured at temperatures from -50°C to +80°C. Adhesive samples made with different industrial assembly methods were compared for thermal birefringent behavior. An ultrafast laser welded sample was thermally cycled in increasing temperature ranges, surviving the test with reduced retardation, indicating fatigue. An HCB sample was thermally cycled like the laser welded sample, and had a linear birefringent relation to temperature initially, and failed by fatigue after a fracture event.
Paraoxonase as a Risk Marker for Cardiovascular Disease: Facts and Hypotheses (1998)

Paraoxonase (PON1) is a Ca2+-dependent enzyme whose mechanism of action is incompletely elucidated. PON1 was originally found to be responsible for the hydrolysis of paraoxon, a catabolite of the insecticide parathion, but this enzyme is equally able to hydrolyze other substrates such as phenyl acetate. PON1 exhibits two sequence polymorphisms, Arg-->Gln 192 and Met-->Leu 55, respectively, of which the former is responsible for the distinct catalytic activity of the two corresponding allozymes against paraoxon. The PON1 gene is a member of a family of at least three related genes. Although the physiologic substrate of PON1 is unknown, a protective role against the oxidative degradation of serum lipoproteins has been attributed to this enzyme. Indeed, PON1 is a component of a spectrum of circulating high density lipoprotein particles and can hydrolyze oxidized phospholipids and cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides. Studies have been conducted to evaluate the possible "protective" role of PON, and especially the influence of the Arg-->Gln 192 polymorphism, in coronary artery disease. Results from these investigations are conflicting, and recent data suggest a complex pattern with influences from other polymorphisms in either the PON1 and/or the PON2 and PON3 genes, or even another region of the gene cluster. A number of related factors, which include the heterogeneity of the high density lipoprotein particles incorporating PON(s), the metabolism of associated apolipoproteins such as apoJ/clusterin, the respective roles of PON(s) and other high density lipoprotein-associated enzymes such as platelet-activating-factor acetyl-hydrolase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, modifications of high density lipoprotein composition and activity under acute-phase conditions, the dietary and environmental regulation of PON(s), and the actual in situ availability of PON in the atherosclerotic artery wall, must equally be taken into account.
Synthesis of thiazolotriazepinones (1982)

Abstract The synthesis of 4,5‐dihydro‐7‐phenylthiazolo[2,3‐ c ][1,2,4]triazepin‐3(2 H )‐one ( 4 ) from 2‐propenoic acid 2‐(4‐phenyl‐2‐thiazolyl)hydrazide ( 14 ), is reported. A synthesis of 4 which was reported earlier by Mahajan, Sondhi and Ralhan (9), from 3‐chloropropanoic acid 2‐(4‐phenyl‐2‐thiazolyl)hydrazide ( 3 ), is erroneous. We were able to cyclize 3 to 1‐(4‐phenyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐3‐pyrazolidinone ( 5 ). The cyclizations of 14 to 4 and 3 to 5 are consistent with the Baldwin Rules for Ring Closure.
Commercially Available Topical Platelet-Derived Growth Factor as a Novel Agent to Accelerate Burn-Related Wound Healing (2014)

The authors investigated whether the application of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to donor site wounds would speed healing in a porcine model. In a red duroc pig model, three wounds that were 3 inches × 3 inches were created with a dermatome (0.06-inch depth) on one side of two different animals. These wounds were digitally and laser Doppler (LDI) imaged and biopsied immediately pre- and postwound creation and every 2 days for 2 weeks. A set of identical wounds were subsequently created on the opposite side of the same animals and treated with topical PDGF (becaplermin gel 0.01%, 4 g/wound) immediately on wounding. PDGF-treated wounds were imaged and biopsied as above. Digital images of wounds were assessed for epithelialization by clinicians using an ordinal scale. Perfusion units (PU) were evaluated by LDI. Wound healing was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin histological visualization of an epithelium and intact basement membrane. First evidence of partial epithelialization was seen in control and PDGF-treated wounds within 7.7 ± 1.4 and 6.4 ± 1.1 days postwounding, respectively (P=.03). Completely epithelialized biopsies were seen in control and PDGF-treated wounds at 11.7 ± 2.6 and 9.6 ± 1.5 days, respectively (P=.02). Clinician evaluation of digital images showed that on day 9, control wounds were, on average, 48.3 ± 18.5% epithelialized vs 57.2 ± 20.2% epithelialized for PDGF-treated wounds. At day 16, control wounds showed an average of 72.9 ± 14.6% epithelialization and PDGF-treated wounds showed an average of 90 ± 11.8%epithelialization. Overall, PDGF-treated wounds had statistically significantly higher scores across all timepoints (P=.02). Average perfusion units as measured by LDI were similar for control and PDGF-treated wounds at time of excision (225 ± 81and 257 ± 100, respectively). On day 2 postwounding, average PU for control wounds were 803 and were 764 for PDGF-treated wounds. Control wounds maintained higher PU values compared with PDGF-treated wounds at all time points and returned to excision PU values by day 12.2 ± 1.1 postwounding. PDGF-treated wounds reached the same values by day 9.7 ± 2.3 (P=.03). The authors conclude that topical PDGF speeds time to epithelialization of partial-thickness wounds in a porcine model as evidenced by histology, clinical appearance, and time to return to prewounding vascularity.
How to avoid the pitfalls in using magnetic bearings in turbomachinery (1995)

There are some very significant potential advantages with the use of magnetic bearings. Examples include improved reliability, active control of rotor dynamics and elimination of the safety and environmental concerns associated with fluid lubricants. However, experience has shown that there are also pitfalls associated with their use, often arising from an inadequate understanding of system design and integration requirements. This paper reviews the benefits and pitfalls associated with magnetic bearings and offers some suggestions for avoiding those pitfalls in new projects.
A Sensitive Aβ Oligomer Assay Discriminates Alzheimer's and Aged Control Cerebrospinal Fluid (2014)

A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is the amyloid β (Aβ) plaque, which is comprised of Aβ peptides. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that Aβ oligomers are more toxic than other peptide forms. We sought to develop a robust assay to quantify oligomers from CSF. Antibody 19.3 was compared in one-site and competitive ELISAs for oligomer binding specificity. A two-site ELISA for oligomers was developed using 19.3 coupled to a sensitive, bead-based fluorescent platform able to detect single photons of emitted light. The two-site ELISA was >2500× selective for Aβ oligomers over Aβ monomers with a limit of detection ∼ 0.09 pg/ml in human CSF. The lower limit of reliable quantification of the assay was 0.18 pg/ml and the antibody pairs recognized Aβ multimers comprised of either synthetic standards, or endogenous oligomers isolated from confirmed human AD and healthy control brain. Using the assay, a significant 3- to 5-fold increase in Aβ oligomers in human AD CSF compared with comparably aged controls was demonstrated. The increase was seen in three separate human cohorts, totaling 63 AD and 54 controls. CSF oligomers ranged between 0.1 and 10 pg/ml. Aβ oligomer levels did not strongly associate with age or gender, but had an inverse correlation with MMSE score. The C statistic for the Aβ oligomer ROC curve was 0.86, with 80% sensitivity and 88% specificity to detect AD, suggesting reasonable discriminatory power for the AD state and the potential for utility as a diagnostic marker.
Binding of ADAM12, a Marker of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, to the Muscle-specific Actin-binding Protein, α-Actinin-2, Is Required for Myoblast Fusion (2000)

ADAM12 belongs to the transmembrane metalloprotease ADAM ("a disintegrin and metalloprotease") family. ADAM12 has been implicated in muscle cell differentiation and fusion, but its precise function remains unknown. Here, we show that ADAM12 is dramatically up-regulated in regenerated, newly formed fibers in vivo. In C2C12 cells, ADAM12 is expressed at low levels in undifferentiated myoblasts and is transiently up-regulated at the onset of differentiation when myoblasts fuse into multinucleated myotubes, whereas other ADAMs, such as ADAMs 9, 10, 15, 17, and 19, are expressed at all stages of differentiation. Using the yeast two-hybrid screen, we found that the muscle-specific alpha-actinin-2 strongly binds to the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM12. In vitro binding assays with GST fusion proteins confirmed the specific interaction. The major binding site for alpha-actinin-2 was mapped to a short sequence in the membrane-proximal region of ADAM12 cytoplasmic tail; a second binding site was identified in the membrane-distal region. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirm the in vivo association of ADAM12 cytoplasmic domain with alpha-actinin-2. Overexpression of the entire cytosolic ADAM12 tail acted in a dominant negative fashion by inhibiting fusion of C2C12 cells, whereas expression of a cytosolic ADAM12 lacking the major alpha-actinin-2 binding site had no effect on cell fusion. Our results suggest that interaction of ADAM12 with alpha-actinin-2 is important for ADAM12 function.
Far infrared medical image database on World Wide Web (2002)

In order to set up international standards for medical infrared thermography the authors have been developing an international communication tool on the World Wide Web (WWW) named Biomedical Thermology Homepage (http://biomed.poli-sci.saitama-u.ac.jp/bmth/). The methodology and system concept have been reported (I. Fujimasa et al., 1996). In this report, the concept and methodology of the image database named Gallery are reported. The keynotes are how one establishes remote access of image handling software to analyze common source binary images in the database. The authors have developed software which was written with Visual Basic and JAVA. The system, which has included more than 20000 binary images, has been tested for its feasibleness from remote sites.
Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging: An Overview (2010)

A large, multidisciplinary symposium held at the National Institutes of Health in April and May 2009 brought together individuals from a wide range of scientific disciplines with the goal of promoting the nascent field of multimodality cardiovascular molecular imaging. This supplement to The Journal of Nuclear Medicine summarizes the presentations and discussions of that landmark symposium. The review articles not only present the state of the art of cardiovascular molecular imaging but also discuss opportunities and challenges the community will face in advancing cardiovascular molecular imaging to clinical practice. The use of molecular targets for imaging in preclinical models and the translation of these approaches to patients have become possible with the advent of several technologic advances reviewed in this supplement.
Systematic proteomic analysis of LRRK2-mediated Rab GTPase phosphorylation establishes a connection to ciliogenesis (2017)

We previously reported that Parkinson's disease (PD) kinase LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases on a conserved residue in their switch-II domains (Steger et al., 2016) (PMID: 26824392). Here, we systematically analyzed the Rab protein family and found 14 of them (Rab3A/B/C/D, Rab5A/B/C, Rab8A/B, Rab10, Rab12, Rab29, Rab35 and Rab43) to be specifically phosphorylated by LRRK2, with evidence for endogenous phosphorylation for ten of them (Rab3A/B/C/D, Rab8A/B, Rab10, Rab12, Rab35 and Rab43). Affinity enrichment mass spectrometry revealed that the primary ciliogenesis regulator, RILPL1 specifically interacts with the LRRK2-phosphorylated forms of Rab8A and Rab10, whereas RILPL2 binds to phosphorylated Rab8A, Rab10, and Rab12. Induction of primary cilia formation by serum starvation led to a two-fold reduction in ciliogenesis in fibroblasts derived from pathogenic LRRK2-R1441G knock-in mice. These results implicate LRRK2 in primary ciliogenesis and suggest that Rab-mediated protein transport and/or signaling defects at cilia may contribute to LRRK2-dependent pathologies.
Parylene-Pocket Chip Integration (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel packaging technique that utilizes a simple, flexible parylene (chip) pocket on silicon substrate with metal pads. This pocket can house an IC chip or a discrete component inside and provide electrical connections to it. On the other hand, recent achievement in silicon probes implantation in the parietal cortex enables technological advances in neural prosthesis research. However, most of these technologies suffer from high signal-to-noise ratio and expensive integration scheme with IC chips or lack thereof. As a demonstration, this work uses this technique to produce an 8-shank silicon probe array integrated with a fully functional 16-channel amplifier CMOS chip.
Melting model and Raman scattering during pulsed laser annealing of ion-implanted silicon (1982)

Compaan and coworkers have reported the results of Raman scattering experiments on ion- implanted Si which they claim disprove the melting model of pulsed laser annealing. These results concern the onset of a Raman signal after an intense laser pulse, the simultaneous occurrence of a Raman signal and a high reflectivity phase characteristic of molten Si, and the lattice temperature measured by Raman scattering. It is shown here that there is, in fact, good agreement between the experimental results and the predictions of the melting model.
Integrated Silicon Photonic Microresonators: Emerging Technologies (2018)

Silicon photonics is becoming the leading technology for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) due to large-scale integration, low cost, and high-volume productions enabled by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. Thanks to various material and optical characteristics of crystalline silicon, the silicon-on-insulator platform has become the dominant material platform for silicon photonics. Meanwhile, monolithic or heterogeneous integration of other materials on silicon photonic chips, including the silicon nitride (SiN)-on-insulator platform and the III-V-on-silicon platform, are under rapid developments to enhance the functionalities of silicon photonics. Among the myriad of silicon photonic structures for passive and active components, integrated microresonators are promising for a broad range of applications due to their strong resonance field enhancement, narrowband wavelength selectivity, and compact footprints. In this paper, we review the state of the art and our perspectives on emerging technologies based on integrated silicon photonic microresonators in the technology domains of intradatacenter optical interconnects, integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics, and lab-on-a-chip optical biosensing. We specifically review recent progress and our original work in SOI microring-based crossbar switch fabrics; III-V-on-silicon microresonator lasers; silicon-based microresonator nonlinear and quantum sources; and SiN microresonator-based optical biosensors.
Properties of three-layer dielectric loaded waveguides (1989)

A rigorous analysis of the electromagnetic guiding properties of three-layer, coaxial, dielectric-loaded cylindrical waveguides is presented. It is shown that three types of modes can exist on the structure: transverse electric, transverse magnetic, and hybrid. Explicit expressions for the characteristic equation are presented, and numerical methods of solution are discussed. The numerical results are used to study the dependence of propagation constants on frequency and structure parameters. Electric and magnetic field distributions of several modes are included. These types of structures are potentially useful as low-loss transmission media at millimeter, submillimeter, and optical frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
California avocados in Florida? Finding the perfect avocado for production in east–central Florida (2018)

Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) is a high-value fruit where most U.S. consumption is supplied using imported product. Cultivars with good fruit quality and horticultural traits may provide a useful alternative crop in east-central Florida and possibly in other locations throughout the state. A portion of a population of ‘Hass’ x ‘Bacon’ and its reciprocal cross verified at USDA–ARS Subtropical Horticulture Research Laboratory, Miami, FL was planted in Fort Pierce at the USDA–ARS Horticultural Research Laboratory for a genetic mapping study. Extensive phenotypic data on tree growth, flowering, and fruit quality is being collected over the next three years. During the first year of data collection, six selections were identified with promising fruit quality and postharvest shelf life characteristics. These selections were tested in an informal taste panel consisting of 10 judges, with commercial ‘Hass’ avocado serving as the standard. Each panelist was asked to rate the samples for overall liking, and select the top four ranking samples. The ‘Hass’ standard ranked first or second in every panelist’s ratings, but all tested materials were not rated significantly different from each other, suggesting they all could be commercially acceptable. The top three selections were chosen to be included in future replicated Indian River trials to identify superior performers in this region.
Sharp plasmonic resonance on gold gratings in amplitude and phase domains (2012)

In this work, we experimentally studied sharp plasmonic resonance on gold gratings in both amplitude and phase domains using a spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. We used numerical and analytical models to analyze the phase delay of TM and TE waves under a surface plasmon excitation condition, and the calculated result fits well with the experimental observations. In addition, the ellipsometry method used here provides an important tool to characterize the phase information in plasmonic and metamaterial devices.
EARLY PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: STANDARD CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF COELOMIC CELLS OBTAINED BY COELOCENTESIS (1996)

Coelomic fluid samples (n = 30) were obtained from normal pregnancies between 6.0 and 10.0 weeks and attempts to culture the coelomic cells were made. With one culture system, nine of ten samples were cultured and successful cytogenetic analysis was performed. There have been no previous reports of traditional cytogenetic analysis of coelomic cells and this might be the breakthrough for coelocentesis as a future method for early prenatal diagnosis.
Tacit computing and its application for open IoT era (2018)

Recently, there have been advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and many sensors and actuators have been connected to networks (NWs). Previously, IoT services were developed by vertical integration. The Open IoT concept has attracted attention, which enables various IoT services by integrating horizontally separated devices and services. For the Open IoT era, we propose the Tacit Computing mechanism to discover devices with necessary data on demand and use devices in real time. Tacit Computing cooperates with three layers, i.e., the cloud layer, network (NW) layer, and device layer, and carries out processing at the correct location. We also developed and implemented the “Distributed Live Data Search Architecture”, which completes processing around users by using everything connected to the ubiquitous network and collecting huge amounts of data generated near the users. We implemented this architecture to demonstrate the Tacit Computing mechanism.