gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for Mycobacterial DNA dn Granulomatous Tissues from Patients with Sarcoidosis Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction: Reply (1993)

"Search for Mycobacterial DNA dn Granulomatous Tissues from Patients with Sarcoidosis Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction: Reply." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 147(3), pp. 777–778
Extracellular Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Novel Actor in Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Survival (2013)

Glioblastomas are the most frequent and aggressive intracranial neoplasms in humans, and despite advances and the introduction of the alkylating agent temozolomide in therapy have improved patient survival, resistance mechanisms limit benefits. Recent studies support that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a cell subpopulation within the tumour, are involved in the aberrant expansion and therapy resistance properties of glioblastomas, through still unclear mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) a potent onco-promoter able to act as extracellular signal, favours malignant and chemoresistance properties in GSCs. Notwithstanding, the origin of S1P in the GSC environment remains unknown. We investigated S1P metabolism, release, and role in cell survival properties of GSCs isolated from either U87-MG cell line or a primary culture of human glioblastoma. We show that both GSC models, grown as neurospheres and expressing GSC markers, are resistant to temozolomide, despite not expressing the DNA repair protein MGMT, a major contributor to temozolomide-resistance. Pulse experiments with labelled sphingosine revealed that both GSC types are able to rapidly phosphorylate the long-chain base, and that the newly produced S1P is efficiently degraded. Of relevance, we found that S1P was present in GSC extracellular medium, its level being significantly higher than in U87-MG cells, and that the extracellular/intracellular ratio of S1P was about ten-fold higher in GSCs. The activity of sphingosine kinases was undetectable in GSC media, suggesting that mechanisms of S1P transport to the extracellular environment are constitutive in GSCs. In addition we found that an inhibitor of S1P biosynthesis made GSCs sensitive to temozolomide (TMZ), and that exogenous S1P reverted this effect, thus involving extracellular S1P as a GSC survival signal in TMZ resistance. Altogether our data implicate for the first time GSCs as a pivotal source of extracellular S1P, which might act as an autocrine/paracrine signal contributing to their malignant properties.
Gut–brain circuits for fat preference (2022)

The perception of fat evokes strong appetitive and consummatory responses<sup>1</sup>. Here we show that fat stimuli can induce behavioural attraction even in the absence of a functional taste system<sup>2,3</sup>. We demonstrate that fat acts after ingestion via the gut-brain axis to drive preference for fat. Using single-cell data, we identified the vagal neurons responding to intestinal delivery of fat, and showed that genetic silencing of this gut-to-brain circuit abolished the development of fat preference. Next, we compared the gut-to-brain pathways driving preference for fat versus sugar<sup>4</sup>, and uncovered two parallel systems, one functioning as a general sensor of essential nutrients, responding to intestinal stimulation with sugar, fat and amino acids, whereas the other is activated only by fat stimuli. Finally, we engineered mice lacking candidate receptors to detect the presence of intestinal fat, and validated their role as the mediators of gut-to-brain fat-evoked responses. Together, these findings reveal distinct cells and receptors that use the gut-brain axis as a fundamental conduit for the development of fat preference.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Pancreatic Necrosectomy: Technique and Initial Outcomes (2022)

LAPN offers a smaller incision with excellent visualization and non-inferior outcomes, regardless of etiology, with likely faster recovery for patients with post-procedural vs <i>de novo</i> necrotizing pancreatitis.
EVIDENCE AND INFERENCE IN EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT1,2 (1995)

ABSTRACT Educational assessment concerns inference about students' knowledge, skills, and accomplishments. Because data are never so comprehensive and unequivocal as to ensure certitude, test theory evolved in part to address questions of weight, coverage, and import of data. The resulting concepts and techniques can be viewed as applications of more general principles for inference in the presence of uncertainty. Issues of evidence and inference in educational assessment are discussed from this perspective.
Far‐Field QRS Complex Sensing: Prevalence and Timing with Bipolar Atrial Leads (2000)

Sensing of far-field QRS complex through the atrial pacemaker lead may cause a number of pacemaker function disturbances, most of which are rarely seen with modern pulse generators. However, certain pulse generator algorithms will still be jeopardized by far-field QRS complex sensing. Intracardiac electrograms with markers were obtained by telemetry in 30 patients following implantation of a permanent bipolar atrial lead and a DDDR pulse generator. The occurrence and timing of far-field QRS complex sensing was studied at different atrial amplifier sensitivity settings. With paced ventricular complexes, QRS sensing was documented in all 30 cases at the maximum atrial sensitivity (0.1 mV). The median QRS complex sensing threshold was 0.3 mV, and the sensing window at high atrial sensitivities was 67-202 ms following the ventricular pacing impulse. In one case, QRS complex sensing was seen up to an atrial sensitivity of 1.5 mV. In 12 of 13 patients with 1:1 AV conduction, atrial sensing of spontaneously conducted ventricular complexes was seen (median sensing threshold 0.2 mV; the sensing window was -23 to 114 ms relative to the ventricular amplifier sensing event). Far-field QRS complex sensing was also found in all 12 patients in whom ventricular fusion complexes were obtained (median sensing threshold 0.2 mV; the window of sensing was 64-187 ms after the ventricular pacing impulse). Constant or intermittent QRS complex sensing via the atrial bipolar lead was thus universally demonstrable. It occurred in only a minority (20%) of patients at a sensitivity of 0.5 mV or less. Knowledge regarding the timing of the oversensing as related to the atrial sensitivity setting may aid in the design of algorithms of future pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators.
Plasma Processing of Nanomaterials (2017)

Nanoscale Etching and Deposition, N. Marchack and J.P. Chang Extreme Ultraviolet Light Lithography for Producing Nanofeatures in Next-Generation Semiconductor Processing, J. Sporre and D.N. Ruzic Nonthermal Plasma Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals, U. Kortshagen and L. Mangolini Microscale Plasmas for Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis, D. Mariotti and R. Mohan Sankaran Large-Scale, Plasma-Assisted Growth of Nanowires, U. Cvelbar and M.K. Sunkara Cathodic Arc Discharge for Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles, M. Chhowalla and H. Emrah Unalan Atmospheric Plasmas for Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), J. Beom Park, S.J. Kyung, and G. Young Yeom Structural Control of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition, R. Hatakeyama and T. Kato Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), M. Meyyappan and J.-S. Lee Modeling Aspects of Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon-Based Materials, E. Neyts, M. Mao, M. Eckert, and A. Bogaerts Modeling Catalytic Growth of One-Dimensional Nanostructures, E. Tam, K. Ostrikov, and T. Murphy Diagnostics of Energy Fluxes in Dusty Plasmas, H.R. Maurer and H. Kersten Selective Functionalization and Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials by Plasma Techniques, Y. Xu and L. Dai Plasma-Liquid Interactions for Fabrication of Nanobiomaterials, T. Kaneko and R Hatakeyama Assembly and Self-Organization of Nanomaterials, A.E. Rider and K. Ostrikov
A hypothalamic stroke producing recurrent hemihyperhidrosis (2001)

A 40-year-old man awoke with exuberant sustained sweating of the entire left side of the body, which became intermittent over the next few days. MRI indicated a single linear hyperintensity in the right posterior hypothalamus, diminishing on a repeat scan. He continues to have episodes of left unilateral sweating precipitated by exercise or minor infection.
Sleep disorder, chorea, and dementia associated with IgLON5 antibodies (2015)

A novel syndrome characterized by a distinctive sleep disorder accompanied by variable symptoms of brainstem involvement and a highly restricted haplotype was recently described in association with antibodies to a neuronal cell adhesion protein named IgLON5. Because of the symptoms and chronic disease progression, most of these patients are primarily seen by specialists in sleep and neurodegenerative disorders. Since the initial description of this encephalopathy in 2014, only 1 additional patient has been reported.1 In order to improve clinical recognition we report a new patient who presented with the characteristic sleep dysfunction and subsequently developed chorea. Acknowledgment: The authors thank Dr. Leandro Tavares Lucato (Radiology Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University) for reviewing neuroradiologic images and Dr. Maira Okada de Oliveira (Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University) for the neuropsychological testing data.
Synthesis of Certain 5‐Substituted 2′‐Deoxytubercidin Derivatives (1994)

Abstract The synthesis of the 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxy‐adenine derivatives 7b–3 with chloro, bromo, or methyl substituents at C(5) is described. Glycosylation of the 5‐substituted 4‐chloropyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines 4b–d with 2‐deoxy‐3,5‐di‐ O ‐(4‐toluoyl)‐α‐ D ‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosyl chloride ( 3 ) gave the β‐ D ‐nucleosides 5b–d , exclusively. They were deblocked (→ 6b–d ) and converted into the tubercidin derivatives 7b–d .
The Selector Effect on Filamentous Bulking in Long Sludge Age Activated Sludge Systems (1991)

A survey of long sludge age activated sludge plants in South Africa showed that bulking was widespread in nitrogen and nitrogen and phosphorus removal plants with the dominant causative filamentous organisms being the low F/M types 0092, 0675, 0041, Microthrix parvicella, 0914 and 1851. The literature suggests that in aerobic systems proliferation of the low F/M filaments can be controlled by aerobic selector reactors. From an extensive investigation into the selector reactors, and the effect these stimulate, it was concluded that in long sludge age systems, irrespective of whether or not a selector effect is present in the sludge, (1) under completely aerobic conditions low F/M filaments do not proliferate, (2) sequential or alternating anoxic-aerobic periods like intermittent aeration are necessary, though not sufficient, conditions for the proliferation of low F/M filaments, and (3) an aerobic selector installed on an intermittent aeration system did not control low F/M filament proliferation.
Guided resonance reflective phase shifters (2015)

We present reflective phase shifters based on high contrast gratings resting on a low-index spacer backed by a metallic mirror. The guided resonance of the grating combined with the reflection from the metallic mirror leads to an all-pass filter with 2&pi; phase shift variation and unity reflectivity across the resonance. We present simulations, fabrication and measurement of passive devices fabricated in silicon over gold using a polymer as the spacer layer. Active control at high modulation speeds can be achieved by shifting the guided resonance wavelength using carrier injection or thermo-optic effect in silicon.
A Low-density Antigen Array for Detection of Disease-associated Autoantibodies in Human Plasma. (2016)

The evaluated antigen array has potential as a simple method for determining the presence/absence of up to 90 disease-associated autoantibodies in a plasma specimen.
Scanning electron microscopy studies of GaN (1975)

The surface of vapor−deposited GaN and the cross section of GaN light−emitting diodes were examined using secondary electron emission, cathodoluminescence, beam−induced conductivity, and beam−induced voltage. The GaN layer is an assemblage of identically oriented microcrystals. The Zn distribution in the insulating layer is usually not uniform. High built−in fields occur at the two edges of the insulating layer.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6 from Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Is a Major Mediator of p53 Antioxidant Function (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6 from Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Is a Major Mediator of p53 Antioxidant Function
The Synthesis of Naphtho[a]carbazoles and Benzo[c]carbazoles (2003)

The synthesis of naphtho[a]carbazoles and benzo[c]carbazoles from indole precursors using a reaction mediated by potassium t-butoxide and light is described. The indole precursors were prepared utilizing Suzuki coupling methodology.
Enhanced CNS transduction from AAV.PHP.eB infusion into the cisterna magna of older adult rats compared to AAV9 (2021)

Abstract The development of high efficiency, central nervous system (CNS) targeting AAV-based gene therapies is necessary to address challenges in both pre-clinical and clinical investigations. The engineered capsids, AAV.PHP.B and AAV.PHP.eB, show vastly improved blood-brain barrier penetration compared to their parent serotype, AAV9, but with variable effect depending on animal system, strain, and delivery route. As most characterizations of AAV.PHP variants have been performed in mice, it is currently unknown whether AAV.PHP variants improve CNS targeting when delivered intrathecally in rats. We evaluated the comparative transduction efficiencies of equititer doses (6 × 10 11 vg) of AAV.PHP.eB-CAG-GFP and AAV9-CAG-GFP when delivered into the cisterna magna of 6–9-month old rats. Using both quantitative and qualitative assessments, we observed consistently superior biodistribution of GFP+ cells and fibers in animals treated with AAV.PHP.eB compared to those treated with AAV9. Enhanced GFP signal was uniformly observed throughout rostrocaudal brain regions in AAV.PHP.eB-treated animals with matching GFP protein expression detected in the forebrain, midbrain, and cerebellum. Collectively, these data illustrate the benefit of intracisternal infusions of AAV.PHP.eB as an optimal system to distribute CNS gene therapies in preclinical investigations of rats, and may have important translational implications for the clinical CNS targeting.
Phagocytosis-dependent ketogenesis in retinal pigment epithelium (2017)

Daily, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ingests a bolus of lipid and protein in the form of phagocytized photoreceptor outer segments (OS). The RPE, like the liver, expresses enzymes required for fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. This suggests that these pathways play a role in the disposal of lipids from ingested OS, as well as providing a mechanism for recycling metabolic intermediates back to the outer retina. In this study, we examined whether OS phagocytosis was linked to ketogenesis. We found increased levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) in the apical medium following ingestion of OS by human fetal RPE and ARPE19 cells cultured on Transwell inserts. No increase in ketogenesis was observed following ingestion of oxidized OS or latex beads. Our studies further defined the connection between OS phagocytosis and ketogenesis in wild-type mice and mice with defects in phagosome maturation using a mouse RPE explant model. In explant studies, the levels of β-HB released were temporally correlated with OS phagocytic burst after light onset. In the <i>Mreg</i><sup>-/-</sup> mouse where phagosome maturation is delayed, there was a temporal shift in the release of β-HB. An even more pronounced shift in maximal β-HB production was observed in the <i>Abca4</i><sup>-/-</sup> RPE, in which loss of the ATP-binding cassette A4 transporter results in defective phagosome processing and accumulation of lipid debris. These studies suggest that FAO and ketogenesis are key to supporting the metabolism of the RPE and preventing the accumulation of lipids that lead to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Applications for mixed reality (2004)

Mixed or Augmented Reality (AR) systems align computer generated virtual objects and real world objects with each other to enhance the vision of the physical reality with the virtual objects in a manner, that will allow a user to interact with spatial data in his natural environment and scale (1:1). Especially when dealing with natural disasters the advantage of a user’s view augmented with additional supporting data is apparent. Activities like preventive protective measures, effective reaction and reconstruction need to be assisted by a technology that improves the operators efficiency and performance. This approach deals with a system that serves particular needs regarding earth science and disaster management. We will present our work developing an AR-System (ARS) and its components with examples of practical applications. The crucial point of this implementation is the use of laser scanning models with adequate accuracy, reliability, actuality and completeness. VRML tiles produced from the laser scanning data are displayed in the operator’s field of view together with additional water surface models or simple features like points and lines. These geometrical objects are visualised and controlled using scene graph parent-child relationship of Java3D. In this paper, flood disasters are used to illustrate possible applications in a typical four-phased disaster management process. Additionally, several examples representing the virtual water surface for flood damage prediction are discussed. Results of virtual water models are used by applying digital image processing techniques to laser scanning data in order to provide tactical information for disaster management.
Comparison of the Nucleotide Sequence at the 5′ End of RNAs from Nine Aphthoviruses, Including Representatives of the Seven Serotypes (1980)

The sequence of about 70 nucleotides at the 5' end of the RNAs of nine different aphthoviruses (foot-and-mouth disease viruses), including representatives of the seven serotypes of the virus, has been determined by partial enzyme digestion of (32)P-end-labeled S fragment-that part of the RNA lying to the 5' side of the poly(C) tract and including the 5' end of the molecule. The S fragments were prepared from polyadenylated virus-specific RNA extracted from infected cells by digestion with RNase H in the presence of oligo(dG)(12-18). The first 27 nucleotides from the 5' end were highly conserved in all the RNAs. This region was followed by a more variable region of about 15 nucleotides, showing some length and sequence heterogeneity and including potential but probably nonutilized initiation codons. In agreement with previous homology studies, the sequencing results showed that the European serotypes A, O, and C form a group distinct from the SAT serotypes and that the Asia 1 serotype is closely related to the European group. The lengths of the S fragments of two different RNAs were confirmed as containing 360 to 400 nucleotides by gel electrophoresis with reference to nucleotide markers of known size.
ESTERIFICATION OF THE SURFACE OF AMORPHOUS SILICA (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESTERIFICATION OF THE SURFACE OF AMORPHOUS SILICAC. C. Ballard, E. C. Broge, R. K. Iler, D. S. St. John, and J. R. McWhorterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1961, 65, 1, 20–25Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100819a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100819a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1274Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Blockchain-Based Dynamic Key Management for Heterogeneous Intelligent Transportation Systems (2017)

As modern vehicle and communication technologies advanced apace, people begin to believe that the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) would be achievable in one decade. ITS introduces information technology to the transportation infrastructures and aims to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. However, security is still a main concern in vehicular communication systems (VCSs). This can be addressed through secured group broadcast. Therefore, secure key management schemes are considered as a critical technique for network security. In this paper, we propose a framework for providing secure key management within the heterogeneous network. The security managers (SMs) play a key role in the framework by capturing the vehicle departure information, encapsulating block to transport keys and then executing rekeying to vehicles within the same security domain. The first part of this framework is a novel network topology based on a decentralized blockchain structure. The blockchain concept is proposed to simplify the distributed key management in heterogeneous VCS domains. The second part of the framework uses the dynamic transaction collection period to further reduce the key transfer time during vehicles handover. Extensive simulations and analysis show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework, in which the blockchain structure performs better in term of key transfer time than the structure with a central manager, while the dynamic scheme allows SMs to flexibly fit various traffic levels.
Combdrive Configuration for an Electromagnetic Reluctance Actuator (2008)

This paper presents a novel combdrive configuration of a linear magnetic microactuator. We discuss in detail the influence of the air-gap geometry on the plunger motion and give design rules to avoid pull-in behavior. This analysis results in a new configuration, which is, so far, only known for electrostatic actuators. The magnetic flux is guided over several interdigitating comb structures with moderate large gap width of 25 mum instead of one single plunger, as reported for earlier designs. This results in larger forces, scaling with the number of comb fingers, until the material reaches saturation. The new configuration linearizes the characteristics and saves driving power without sacrificing fabrication stability, which would arise from small air-gap widths. Several combdrive actuators featuring one, two, and eight comb fingers were fabricated in LIGA technology, simulated, and tested. For a driving current of 40 mA, the achievable stroke is measured to increase by 800% for eight comb fingers in comparison to one finger. Alternatively, for a given stroke, a reduction of the driving current of more than 50% is measured.