gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exchangeable Cation in Clays on the Yield and Quality of the Bio-Oil during Microwave Pyrolysis of Cellulose (2020)

Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) is an essential feedstock for the production of renewable fossil-free fuels and valuable chemicals. Enhancement of the pyrolysis oil yield and its quality are significant challenges for an efficient and sustainable biorefinery. Here, we report the microwave (MW)-assisted noncatalytic pyrolysis of cellulose, as a green and controllable alternative to conventional heating, in the presence of eco-friendly Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, Ca- and Ba-bentonites. The detailed analysis of the MV heating traces demonstrates that the bentonite MW activity significantly depends on the presence of internal water. The intensity of this interaction is controlled by the cation nature reduced in the order: Li+ &gt; Na+ &gt; K+ and Mg2+ &gt; Ca2+ &gt; Ba2+. A unique experimental design for the MW-assisted pyrolysis of cellulose in the presence of Li-doped clays helps to increase the bio-oil yield to 37.8% with high selectivity towards the commercially useful levoglucosan (purity: 39.36%). The combination of an alternative green heating method and environmentally friendly bentonites can be used many times without recycling. We believe that the improved yields of bio-oil are due to: (i) high MW activity of bentonites, which conventionally increases the heating rates of cellulose; and (ii) production of water by hydrophilic clay minerals, favouring depolymerisation of cellulose.
Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin (2020)

Mucins are glycoproteins present in all mucosal surfaces and in secretions such as saliva. Mucins are involved in the mucoadhesion of nanodevices carrying bioactive molecules to their target sites in vivo. Oil-in-water nanocapsules (NCs) have been synthesised for carrying <i>N,N'</i>-(di-m-methylphenyl)urea (DMTU), a quorum-sensing inhibitor, to the oral cavity. DMTU-loaded NCs constitute an alternative for the treatment of plaque (bacterial biofilm). In this work, the stability of the NCs after their interaction with mucin is analysed. Mucin type III from Sigma-Aldrich has been used as the mucin model. Mucin and NCs were characterised by the multi-detection asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation technique (AF4). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential analyses were carried out to characterise the interaction between mucin and NCs. According to the results, loading DMTU changes the conformation of the NC. It was also found that the synergistic interaction between mucin and NCs was favoured within a specific range of the mucin:NC ratio within the first 24 h. Studies on the release of DMTU in vitro and the microbial activity of such NCs are ongoing in our lab.
Centralized Power Control in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Modulation and Coding Classification Feedback (2016)

In this paper, a centralized power control (PC) scheme and an interference channel learning method are jointly tackled to allow a cognitive radio network (CRN) access to the frequency band of a primary user (PU) operating based on an adaptive coding and modulation protocol. The learning process enabler is a cooperative modulation and coding classification (MCC) technique which estimates the modulation and coding scheme of the PU. Due to the lack of cooperation between the PU and the CRN, the CRN exploits this multilevel MCC sensing feedback as implicit channel state information of the PU link in order to constantly monitor the impact of the aggregated interference it causes. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for maximizing the CRN throughput (the PC optimization objective) and simultaneously learning how to mitigate PU interference (the optimization problem constraint) by using only the MCC information. Ideal approaches for this problem setting with high convergence rate are the cutting plane methods (CPM). Here, we focus on the analytic center CPM and the center of gravity CPM whose effectiveness in the proposed simultaneous PC and interference channel learning algorithm is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Organoid Cultures as Preclinical Models of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2019)

Our panel of NSCLC organoids closely recapitulates the genomics and biology of patient tumors, and is a potential platform for drug testing and biomarker validation.
Small molecule inhibition of CBP/catenin interactions eliminates drug resistant clones in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2014)

Drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a major problem warranting new treatment strategies. Wnt/catenin signaling is critical for the self-renewal of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. Deregulated Wnt signaling is evident in chronic and acute myeloid leukemia; however, little is known about ALL. Differential interaction of catenin with either the Kat3 coactivator CREBBP (CREB-binding protein (CBP)) or the highly homologous EP300 (p300) is critical to determine divergent cellular responses and provides a rationale for the regulation of both proliferation and differentiation by the Wnt signaling pathway. Usage of the coactivator CBP by catenin leads to transcriptional activation of cassettes of genes that are involved in maintenance of progenitor cell self-renewal. However, the use of the coactivator p300 leads to activation of genes involved in the initiation of differentiation. ICG-001 is a novel small-molecule modulator of Wnt/catenin signaling, which specifically binds to the N-terminus of CBP and not p300, within amino acids 1–110, thereby disrupting the interaction between CBP and catenin. Here, we report that selective disruption of the CBP/β- and γ-catenin interactions using ICG-001 leads to differentiation of pre-B ALL cells and loss of self-renewal capacity. Survivin, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, was also downregulated in primary ALL after treatment with ICG-001. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrate occupancy of the survivin promoter by CBP that is decreased by ICG-001 in primary ALL. CBP mutations have been recently identified in a significant percentage of ALL patients, however, almost all of the identified mutations reported occur C-terminal to the binding site for ICG-001. Importantly, ICG-001, regardless of CBP mutational status and chromosomal aberration, leads to eradication of drug-resistant primary leukemia in combination with conventional therapy in vitro and significantly prolongs the survival of NOD/SCID mice engrafted with primary ALL. Therefore, specifically inhibiting CBP/catenin transcription represents a novel approach to overcome relapse in ALL.
Distribution and imaging characteristics of spina bifida occulta in young people with low back pain (2020)

Abstract Purpose Spina bifida occulta (SBO) is one of the most common congenital spinal deformities. Although many studies have demonstrated the influence of lumbosacral dysplasia on low back pain (LBP) in young athletes, there have been few studies on SBO among young people in other occupations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of SBO in young people with LBP and to classify SBO from the perspective of lamina development. Methods The X-ray films of 148 young patients with LBP were analyzed to quantify the distribution of SBO and classify abnormal laminae. Results Of the 148 patients, 93 (61.49%) had SBO: 83 cases involved S1 alone, 1 involved L5, 2 involved L5-S1, 5 involved S1-2, 1 involved S1-4 and 1 involved L4-S4. According to the degree of the defect, the patients with SBO were divided on the basis of five grades: 9 patients with grade I, 53 with grade II, 23 with grade III, and 8 with grade IV. The cases were classified by the shape of the laminae into 4 types: 15 cases of type a, 11 cases of type b, 37 cases of type c and 30 cases of type d. Conclusion Among the young people with LBP that we surveyed, SBO is the most common lumbosacral dysplasia, which frequently involves the S1 segment. Most laminae in SBO are in the developmental stage of the spinous process, and an abnormal laminar growth direction and laminar stenosis are the most common laminar morphologies in SBO.
Three-dimensional immunogold localization of alpha-actinin within the cytoskeletal networks of cultured cardiac muscle and nonmuscle cells. (1988)

The ultrastructural distribution of alpha-actinin was studied in cultured hamster heart cells by immunogold replica electron microscopy. This technique enabled us to localize alpha-actinin within the cytoskeletal networks at high resolution and in three dimensions. Colloidal gold, indicating the presence of alpha-actinin, was localized on the Z bands of nascent myofibrils in myocytes and on stress fiber bundles in nonmuscle cells. alpha-Actinin staining was also seen on stellate foci, where cytoskeletal filaments converged along the inner myocyte cell membranes. Intermediate filaments were associated with Z bands of myofibrils, stress fibers, and subplasmalemmal actin networks at the specific points where alpha-actinin was localized on these structures. Heavy meromyosin treatment prior to immunostaining confirmed that the thin filaments contained actin. These results suggest that alpha-actinin serves to interlink these various cytoskeletal elements. In addition, this protein may be involved in the initial phases of filament organization during myofibrillogenesis along the inner surface of the myocyte plasma membrane.
An autonomous model to enforce security policies based on user's behavior (2015)

To protect user's information, computer systems utilize access control models. These models are supported by a set of policies defined by security administrators in the environment where the organization is active. In previous studies it has been shown that building a user interface that dynamically changes with the security policies defined for each user is a cumbersome task. This work is a further expansion of an improved dynamic model that adjusts users' security policies based on the level of trust that they hold. We use machine learning beside the trust manager component that helps the system to adapt itself, learn from the user's behavior and recognize access patterns based on the similar access requests and not only limit the illegitimate access, but also predict and prevent potential malicious and questionable accesses.
FOREPOST (2016)

A goal of performance testing is to find situations when applications unexpectedly exhibit worsened characteristics for certain combinations of input values. A fundamental question of performance testing is how to select a manageable subset of the input data faster to find performance problems in applications automatically.
Adding Audibility - Reifying the Soundscape of Process Operators (2007)

A contemporary challenge when designing interactive artifacts is to take into account the wealth of devices, systems, and tools people use every day - here termed an 'interaction ecology'. This thesis addresses three research issues. Firstly, the character of sound perception, and how auditory interaction can be applied to ubiquitous computing. Secondly, how everyday sounds make people aware of surrounding events and situations. Thirdly, the design-oriented issue of how to make use of sound as a medium for interaction. The first issue is addressed by means of a theoretical study of the character of auditory interaction and audio perception. Previous research indicates that sound is a sensitive and precise modality of interaction. The second issue is taken up through a qualitative study of the work practice of process operators, targeting how they ascribe meaning to sounds in their daily work environment. For the operators, the embodied experience of pumps, motors and driers in the plant area is crucial for the up-to-date understanding of process status and quality. During Participatory Soundscape Interpretation (PSI) sessions, operators listen to sound clips from the factory, and their thoughts about each clip are discussed. The operators make use of daily sounds for identifying things and places, for notification about status of surrounding artefacts, for maintaining social awareness, and for issues relating to learning and work timetables. Based on the findings from the factory case study, three design directions were explored during design workshops at the factory. A sound probing device was designed to be a personal device for gathering and collecting everyday sounds, and thereby to address temporal limitations of the sound medium. A sound repository concept elaborated on how to interact with sounds from a single source but from different points in time. With these two concepts, novel ways of collecting and accessing sounds over time were achieved. The third design concept dealt with being aware of multiple ongoing things of interest, and how to 'stay tuned' without being drowned in impressions. In a balanced interaction ecology, people are informed about the status of surrounding resources, can bear with and control the attention demands of surrounding artifacts, and experience the ongoing dialogue as well in hand. The balance of an interaction ecology and the creation of meaningful relations are the result of an ongoing interaction between people and artifacts. I argue that adding audibility will contribute to more balanced interaction ecologies.
Dielectrophoresis Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as pH Sensors (2011)

Here we report the fabrication and characterization of pH sensors using aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The SWNTs are dispersed in deionized (DI) water after chemical functionalization and filtration. They are deposited and organized on silicon substrates with the dielectrophoresis process. Electrodes with “teeth”-like patterns—fabricated with photolithography and wet etching—are used to generate concentrated electric fields and strong dielectrophoretic forces for the SWNTs to deposit and align in desired locations. The device fabrication is inexpensive, solution-based, and conducted at room temperature. The devices are used as pH sensors with the electrodes as the testing pads and the dielectrophoretically captured SWNTs as the sensing elements. When exposed to aqueous solutions with various pH values, the SWNTs change their resistance accordingly. The SWNT-based sensors demonstrate a linear relationship between the sensor resistance and the pH values in the range of 5–9. The characterization of multiple sensors proves that their pH sensitivity is highly repeatable. The real-time data acquisition shows that the sensor response time depends on the pH value, ranging from 2.26 s for the pH-5 solution to 23.82 s for the pH-9 solution. The long-term stability tests illustrate that the sensors can maintain their original sensitivity for a long period of time. The simple fabrication process, high sensitivity, and fast response of the SWNT-based sensors facilitate their applications in a wide range of areas.
Mucosal immunization against respiratory bacterial pathogens (2003)

Bacterial respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The young and the elderly are particularly susceptible to the pathogens that cause these diseases. Therapeutic approaches remain dependent upon antibiotics contributing to the persistent increases in antibiotic resistance. The main causes of respiratory disease discussed in this review are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordatella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All these organisms initiate disease at the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract and thus the efficacy of the host's response to infection needs to be optimal at this site. Vaccines available for diseases caused by many of these pathogens have limitations in accessibility or efficacy, highlighting the need for improvements in approaches and products. The most significant challenges in both therapy and prevention of disease induced by bacteria in the respiratory tract remain the development of non-injectable vaccines and delivery systems/immunization regimens that improve mucosal immunity.
Squamous cutaneous epithelial cell carcinoma in two CML patients with progressive disease under imatinib treatment (2003)

Imatinib (glivec), formerly known as STI571) effectively blocks the ATP-binding site of the bcr/abl fusion protein thereby inactivating selectively the tyrosine kinase activity of bcr/abl. Therefore, it is a promising drug in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia showing high hematologic and cytogenetic response rates combined with a mild toxicity profile. Here we report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, which appeared in the photo-exposed areas in two elderly patients treated for advanced chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib. The role of chemotherapy, chronic sun exposure and of possible additional risk factors such as human papillomavirus infection is discussed.
Electric Current Aligning Component Units during Graphene Fiber Joule Heating (2021)

Abstract Joule heating is featured with an extremely high rising rate of temperature with hundreds of kelvin per second, which has shown superiorities of high efficiency and energy conservation in graphene fabrication. Herein, we design a dynamic joule heating system for continuous synthesis of graphene fibers with ultrashort high‐temperature (≈2000 °C), treating time (≈20 min), and low electric energy consumption (≈2000 kJ m −1 ). During the joule heating fabrication, the current flowing through the fibers can manipulate the configuration of graphene sheets, the basic component units of fiber, and induce their alignment. Theoretical simulations reveal that graphene sheets tend to rotate towards the current direction under the current induced electric field for the highest stability with the lowest electric free energy and zero rotation torque. Therefore, the electrical and mechanical performances of as‐fabricated graphene fibers can be further improved in comparison with thermally annealed graphene fibers without applying current.
Completion Efficiency Measures for High-Permeability, Unconsolidated Sand Environments (1999)

Abstract This paper describes, discusses, and compares the relative value of different completion-efficiency or completion-quality measurements that the industry currently uses to grade the technical success ofhigh-permeability sand-control completions. Some of the measures discussed are flow rate, total drawdown, productivity index, skin factor, and a permeability-adjusted skin factor. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of each measurement, along with a discussion of the variables that affect the measurement. Although most people in the industry can agree on the variables, procedures, and methods that affect completion efficiency, how to best measure the completion efficiency is often debated. This paper presents an effective method to determine completion efficiency, a detailed method of estimating the completion efficiency measure, and the targets and values being achieved within the industry. The methodology discussed includes corrections for turbulence effects, partial completion effects, and friction losses between the measuring point and perforations. Guidelines and procedures for collecting the required data are also presented.
A Study of finger pressure distribution at catching a ball in the baseball glove (2000)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hand movement during the baseball catching motion. Finger and palm pressure distributions in the baseball gloves were measured during the catching motion by using Glove Scan system. Results showed that grasp motion was initiated with high pressure on the fingertip, then it was completed by the pinching motion with high pressure on the thumb and little and/or ring fingers. Player do not initiate grasp motion when feedback the force on the band, but initiate it with prediction of ball motion into the baseball glove.
Accurate, Fast Fall Detection Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometer-Derived Posture Information (2009)

Falls are dangerous for the aged population as they can adversely affect health. Therefore, many fall detection systems have been developed. However, prevalent methods only use accelerometers to isolate falls from activities of daily living (ADL). This makes it difficult to distinguish real falls from certain fall-like activities such as sitting down quickly and jumping, resulting in many false positives. Body orientation is also used as a means of detecting falls, but it is not very useful when the ending position is not horizontal, e.g. falls happen on stairs. In this paper we present a novel fall detection system using both accelerometers and gyroscopes. We divide human activities into two categories: static postures and dynamic transitions. By using two tri-axial accelerometers at separate body locations, our system can recognize four kinds of static postures: standing, bending, sitting, and lying. Motions between these static postures are considered as dynamic transitions. Linear acceleration and angular velocity are measured to determine whether motion transitions are intentional. If the transition before a lying posture is not intentional, a fall event is detected. Our algorithm, coupled with accelerometers and gyroscopes, reduces both false positives and false negatives, while improving fall detection accuracy. In addition, our solution features low computational cost and real-time response.
Nonequilibrium Magnetic Response of Anisotropic Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles and Possible Artifacts in Magnetic Particle Imaging (2015)

Magnetic responses of superparamagnetic nanoparticles to high-frequency AC magnetic fields with sufficiently large amplitudes are numerically simulated to exactly clarify the phenomena occurring in magnetic particle imaging. When the magnetic anisotropy energy inevitable in actual nanoparticles is taken into account in considering the magnetic potential, larger nanoparticles exhibit a delayed response to alternations of the magnetic fields. This kind of delay is rather remarkable in the lower-amplitude range of the field, where the assistance by the Zeeman energy to thermally activated magnetization reversal is insufficient. In some cases, a sign inversion of the third-order harmonic response was found to occur at some specific amplitude, despite the lack in DC bias magnetic field strength. Considering the attenuation of the AC magnetic field generated in the human body, it is possible that the phases of the signals from nanoparticles deep inside the body and those near the body surface are completely different. This may lead to artifacts in the reconstructed image. Furthermore, when the magnetic/thermal torque-driven rotation of the anisotropic nanoparticles as well as the magnetic anisotropy energy are taken into account, the simulated results show that, once the easy axes are aligned toward the direction of the DC bias magnetic field, it takes time to randomize them at the field-free point. During this relaxation, the third-order harmonic response depends highly upon the history of the magnetic field. This is because non-linearity of the anhysteretic magnetization curve for the superparamagnetic nanoparticles varies with the orientations of the easy axes. This history dependence may also lead to another artifact in magnetic particle imaging, when the scanning of the field-free point is faster than the Brownian relaxations.