gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic melanocortin 4 receptor blockage causes obesity without influencing sexual behavior in male rats (2000)

We investigated the effects of continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of a melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist HS014 (cyclic [AcCys11, D-Nal14, Cys18, Asp-NH2(22)]beta-MSH-(11-22)) over 12 days and a subsequent 12-day recovery period on food intake, body weight and copulatory behavior in male rats. The results show that the food intake increased immediately after the start of the infusion of HS014 (0.16 nmol/h) and progressively increased thereafter. No tachyphylaxis was observed. When the infusion of HS014 was terminated, the food-intake levels dropped. The body weights of the rats had increased by 17% by the end of the study, compared with controls. During the recovery period, the body weight decreased towards the levels of the control rats. These results indicate that overeating and the subsequent increases in body weight caused by blockage of the melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor are reversible when the blockage is ended. We also tested the copulatory behavior of vigorous male rats in the presence of female rats in estrous. We registered mount latency, the number of mounts, the intromission latency, the number of intromissions, the ejaculation latency and the post-ejaculatory interval three times during the study and also after acute administration of HS014 and alpha-MSH. The sexual behavior of the male rats was not affected. These results indicate that the MC receptors, in particular the MC4 receptor, may not be a major mediator of effects on copulatory behavior in male rats.
Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic and Transport Parameters of Layered Soils from Water Stable Isotope and Lysimeter Data (2018)

Core Ideas To determine the water retention curve from inverse modeling, θ and ψ need to be monitored. δ 18 O ratios contained information to inversely estimate soil hydraulic parameters. Different observation types should be combined in a single OF to estimate parameters. Averages of local measurement could be described using effective parameters. Accurate measurement of fluxes at lysimeter boundaries improved model parameterization. Accurate estimates of soil hydraulic parameters and dispersivities are crucial to simulate water flow and solute transport in terrestrial systems, particularly in the vadose zone. However, parameters obtained from inverse modeling can be ambiguous when identifying multiple parameters simultaneously and when boundary conditions are not well known. Here, we performed an inverse modeling study in which we estimated soil hydraulic parameters and dispersivities of layered soils from soil water content, matric potential, and stable water isotope (δ 18 O) measurements in weighable lysimeter systems. We used different optimization strategies to investigate which observation types are necessary for simultaneously estimating soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters. Combining water content, matric potential, and tracer (e.g., δ 18 O) data in one objective function (OF) was found to be the best strategy for estimating parameters that can simulate all observed water flow and solute transport variables. A sequential optimization, in which first an OF with only water flow variables and subsequently an OF with transport variables was optimized, performed slightly worse indicating that transport variables contained additional information for estimating soil hydraulic parameters. Hydraulic parameters that were obtained from optimizing OFs that used either water contents or matric potential could not predict non‐measured water flow variables. When a bromide (Br − ) tracer experiment was simulated using the optimized parameters, the arrival time of the bromide pulse was underestimated. This suggested that Br − sorbed onto clay minerals and amorphous oxides under the prevailing geochemical conditions with low pH values. When accounting for anion adsorption in the simulation, Br − concentrations were well predicted, which validated the dispersivity parameterization.
The calculation of impulse responses in concert halls below 80 Hz (2012)

Computer Simulation of room acoustics in large and medium-size venues has become a standard in the acoustic design process. But the Ray or Beam Tracing methods used in all such simulation programs cannot be applied at low frequencies. Here the rules of wave Acoustics must be considered. This work introduces a practical and accurate software-based approach for simulating the acoustic properties of concert and other large halls based on FEM. A detailed approach to obtain complex transfer functions is presented. By means of an inverse FFT impulse responses are obtained and compared with Ray Tracing results. It is shown that the results calculated with FEM extend the fine structure of Ray Tracing results at low frequencies. Also, it is understandable that the FEM simulation software can help to avoid modal phenomena and to place absorbers and diffusers in order to improve the acoustic quality of the hall.
KNUCKLES ( KNU ) encodes a C2H2 zinc-finger protein that regulates development of basal pattern elements of the Arabidopsis gynoecium (2004)

Flowers of the parthenocarpic knuckles mutant are conditionally male sterile and contain ectopic stamens and carpels that originate from placental tissue within developing gynoecia. The mutation was mapped to a 123 Kb interval on chromosome 5 using molecular markers. All aspects of the knuckles phenotype could be complemented by a genomic fragment from the region which contained the annotated MAC12.2 gene. A guanine to adenine transition within a predicted C2H2 zinc finger-encoding region of MAC12.2 causes the second of two critical zinc-binding cysteine residues to be replaced by a tyrosine. Transgenic plants in which translational fusions of the GUS reporter to KNUCKLES were driven by the presumptive KNUCKLES promoter indicate that the gene is expressed first in developing carpel primordia, and later in stamens and ovules of flower buds. In situ hybridization experiments showed a broader pattern of transcript localization, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms may limit KNUCKLES protein accumulation and localization. Based on genetic evidence and the presence of a carboxy-terminal motif demonstrated by others to function as an active repression domain, we propose that KNUCKLES might function as a transcriptional repressor of cellular proliferation that regulates floral determinacy and relative size of basal pattern elements along the proximo-distal axis of the developing Arabidopsis gynoecium.
Deformation Resistance and Shape Change of Dispersed Fine Voids during High-Temperature Compression Deformation in Carbon Steel (2014)

Carbon steels with and without dispersed fine voids, the void diameter was ranging about 3~5 μm, were deformed in compression at elevated temperatures and at some strain rates. The deformation behavior depended on the testing conditions and the steel whether containing voids or not. The peak stress and the peak strain of the carbon steel with voids became higher compared with those of without voids. Occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was, therefore, a little delayed by the presence of voids. Furthermore, the yield stress and steady state stress in the steel with voids appeared higher than those without voids. The shape and the distribution of voids drastically changed depending testing condition, i.e., the void size and the aspect ratio become smaller with decreasing strain rate and with increasing temperature. These observed phenomena were discussed in relation with DRX, grain boundary migration, grain boundary sliding and relaxation, etc.
[Ultrastructural modifications of the bladder wall in senescence]. (1990)

Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the epithelial, muscular, connective, vascular and nervous tissue layers have been carried on endoscopic or surgical biopsies in patients from 23 to 92 years old. Beyond 70 years old, the junctional complexes between the superficial cells of the epithelium are altered and the number of intracellular organelles is diminished. The intercellular spaces and binds between the muscle cells are modified. Some interstitial fibrosis occurs and the density of the connective tissue increases. The authors describe also similar observation in the bladder wall of the old rats. An arteriosclerosis of small vessels is observed. The density of the autonomous nervous network is reduced and the cholinergic innervation becomes preponderant. No specific ultrastructural modification of the nerves is seen except a neuromuscular infiltration by a conjunctive hyperplastic tissue. These morphological changes can be related to some modifications of the vesical compliance.
<title>Waveguide holography and its applications</title> (1991)

Left to right channel differences of the transmission factors in a 3DTV system result in asymmetric multiplicative luminance deviations, which can impair picture quality and/or can reduce the visual comfort. Twenty non-expert observers assessed the impairment of overall as well as localized asymmetric deviations (as it may happen, e.g., with lenticular screen displays) in terms of the CCIR impairment scale. The luminance asymmetries were produced by processing the digitized stereo image pair of two natural scenes, according to a reduction of the transfer function of only one channel. Results show that (1) overall and localized luminance asymmetries are perceptible if the transmission factors differ by 3-6 dB, depending on the spatial extension and gradient of the deviation; and (2) if a pattern of a sharply localized luminance deviation is moving (as it may happen, e.g., when an observer moves his head in front of a lenticular screen display), it is perceptible if the transmission factor differs by only 0.2 dB.
5G mm-Wave Link Range Estimation Based on Over-the-Air Measured System EVM Performance (2019)

Performance of 5G New Radio millimeter wave (mmW) systems are expected to be tested over-the-air (OTA). In this paper, we use OTA measured system error vector magnitude (EVM) with varying automatic gain control, to characterize the achievable link range with 5G NR waveform. The platform used in the measurements is one of the first public 5G mmW wireless backhaul Proof of Concept systems. We show that OTA system EVM measured in an Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) chamber with varying AGC correlates well with line of sight outdoor measurements. Hence, the link range of the system can be approximated by attenuating OTA signal level either with gain controls of the radio units or with attenuation material between the radio units. The key advantage of link range estimation based on OTA measurements in the EMC chamber is better repeatability and protection from random radio interference which is present in real outdoor environment.
Does clinical stage predict pathologic stage in pancreatic adenocarcinoma? (2016)

4118 Background: When faced with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, patients and providers rely upon stage of disease to formulate a treatment plan. The possibility of undertreatment of early-stage patients has been raised. We performed a large national retrospective analysis to evaluate the consistency between clinical and pathologic staging. Methods: National Cancer Data Base was queried for pancreatic adenocarcinoma 2004-2013. Those who underwent resection with or without chemotherapy and had defined AJCC clinical and pathologic stages were included for analysis. Clinical and pathologic stages were compared; if pathologic>clinical stage defined as up-staged; if clinical>pathologic defined as down-staged. Characteristics were compared by χ2. Cochran-Armitage trend test used to evaluate trends in consistency of staging over time. Results: In 22,076 patients, clinical and pathologic stages were consistent 64.4% of the time. 68.8% of those down-staged received neoadjuvant therapy. Patients younger than 65 were more likely to be down-staged (56.0 vs 44.0%) while those older were up-staged (57.6 vs 42.4%) (p<0.0001). Private insurance holders were more likely to be down-staged (45.1%) vs those with Medicare were up-staged (56.4%) or have consistent staging (50.9%) (p<0.0001). Majority were treated at academic vs community centers (58.9 vs 41.1%) with down-staging more frequent at academic centers (67.8 vs 32.3%, p<0.0001). Over time, consistency between clinical and pathologic staging has declined (p<0.0001), with more patients being up-staged (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Our ability to accurately predict clinical stage of pancreatic cancer has not improved over time. An increased proportion of patients are upstaged based on resection pathology. The so-called “national failure to operate” may in part be a reflection of this poor correlation and underlying advanced disease. Better prognostic tools and novel treatment strategies including neoadjuvant treatment may be warranted. TREATMENT Consistent STAGING N (%) p-value UP-stage DOWN-stage Total Surgery First 12267 (86.3) 6051 (91.3) 388 (31.2) 18706 (84.7) <0.0001 Neoadjuvant 1939 (13.7) 576 (8.7) 855 (68.8) 3370 (15.3) Total 14206 (64.4) 6627 (30.0) 1243 (5.6) 22076 (100.0)
Altered microvascular hemodynamics during the induction and perpetuation of chronic gut inflammation (2009)

Adoptive transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells into lymphopenic mice induces chronic small and large bowel inflammation similar to Crohn's disease. Although much is now known regarding the immunopathology in this model of inflammatory bowel disease, virtually nothing is known about the microvascular hemodynamic changes during the induction and perpetuation of chronic gut inflammation. In this study, CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells obtained from healthy C57BL/6 donor mice were transferred into lymphopenic recombinase-activating gene-1-deficient (RAG knockout) mice, which induced small and large bowel inflammation. At various time points following reconstitution (3 days-9 wk), intravital microscopy was used to examine the microvessels in the submucosa of the ileum and proximal colon following infusion of fluorescently labeled platelets and injection of rhodamine 6G (to label leukocytes). Hemodynamic measurements and the extent of blood cell adhesion to the venular wall were compared with measurements in unreconstituted RAG knockout controls. In <1 wk following reconstitution, velocity and wall shear rate of the arterioles decreased by >50% compared with controls, with this decrease also observed at 4-5 and 7-9 wk postreconstitution. At 7-9 wk, arteriolar diameters were found to be approximately 15% larger than in controls, but, despite this dilation, flow rates in the individual vessels were decreased by approximately 30%. Venular platelet and leukocyte adherence were not significantly elevated above controls; however, an association was found between platelet adherence and venular shear rate. In summary, significant decreases in arteriolar velocity and shear rates are observed in this model of chronic gut inflammation.
The effect of initial treatment on hearing prognosis in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a nationwide survey in Japan (2017)

A large number of patients with idiopathic SSNHL were registered in a multicenter database. PG use in combination with steroid administration was associated with a good hearing prognosis in patients with severe hearing loss.
Clinical and Physiologic Evaluation of Stellate Ganglion Blockade for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (2001)

Clinical investigation is not reliable in the assessment of stellate ganglion blockade. Proof of sympathetically maintained pain based on pain relief after stellate ganglion blockade is not conclusive.
Cis-hydroxyproline-induced inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (2006)

Our data suggest that the initiation of ER stress machinery by CHP leads to an activation of intracellular proteolytic processes, including caspase-independent FAK degradation, resulting in damaging pancreatic carcinoma cells.
Authentication of commercial spices based on the similarities between gas chromatographic fingerprints (2017)

This method is suitable for screening unknown spices, and can therefore be employed to evaluate the quality and authenticity of various spices. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
REDS (2019)

Datasets usually suffer from various data quality problems or data errors. At the same time, there are various error detection strategies to detect different kinds of data errors. To effectively detect data errors, the user has to deploy and test multiple error detection strategies. However, evaluating each error detection strategy on a new dataset requires tedious manual evaluation efforts. Therefore, estimating the performance of each strategy upfront is desirable for a more effective strategy selection. In this paper, we propose a new approach to estimate the performance of error detection strategies. Our intuition is that error detection strategies will perform similarly on similarly dirty datasets. We introduce the novel concept of dirtiness profiles, which make datasets comparable with respect to their dirtiness. Our experiments show that our system REDS accurately estimates the performance of error detection strategies and, solely based on automatically extracted features, outperforms the semi-supervised baseline.
A first attempt to use a Fusarium subglutinans culture filtrate for the selection of pineapple cultivars resistant to fusariose disease (2001)

Abstract Pineapple, Ananas comosus L. Merr., cultivars differing in resistance to fusariose were examined for the phytotoxic effect of culture nitrate (CF), and fusaric acid (FA) isolated from Fusarium subglutinans (Wollew &amp; Reinking) Nelson, Toussoun &amp; Marasas. The possibility of using these substances on F 1 hybrids as selection agents for resistance was also evaluated. The phytotoxic effect of these substances was assessed in pineapple plantlets from tissue culture by placing them on wounded leaf segments. The resistance level of the F 1 hybrids and cultivars under natural conditions was measured in greenhouse field tests. The susceptible cultivars proved to be the most sensitive in each test, whereas resistant cultivars showed resistance to CF. FA affected all the cultivars independently of the degree of resistance of the cultivars The presence of other metabolites in CF was responsible for the screening effect between the varieties. Using CF as selection criteria allowed the selection of resistant plants with behaviour quite similar to plants where the fungus itself was used as the selection agent.
NADPH oxidase and nitric oxide synthase-dependent superoxide production is increased in proliferative lupus nephritis (2013)

These studies demonstrate that SO production is unique to active PLN in a NOS and NADPH oxidase-dependent fashion. These findings suggest the emulating or augmenting eNOS activity or inhibiting NADPH oxidase SO production may be targets of therapy in patients with PLN. The markers of SO production used in this study could rationally be used to select SO-modulating therapies and serve as pharmacodynamic indicators for dose titration.
Prediction of IDDM in the General Population: Strategies Based on Combinations of Autoantibody Markers (1997)

Strategies for assessing risk of progression to IDDM, based on single and combined autoantibody measurement, were evaluated in 2,855 schoolchildren (median age 11.4 years) and 256 children with newly diagnosed IDDM (median age 10.2 years), recruited to a population-based study in the Oxford region. In 256 children with IDDM, levels of antibodies > or =97.5th centile of the schoolchild population were found in 225 (88%) for islet cell antibodies (ICAs), in 190 (74%) for antibodies to GAD, in 193 (75%) for antibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2), and in 177 (69%) for autoantibodies to insulin (IAAs). Estimates of risk of progression to IDDM within 10 years, derived by comparing the distribution of antibody markers in the two populations (schoolchildren and children with IDDM), were 6.7% (ICAs), 6.6% (GAD antibodies), 5.6% (IA-2 antibodies), and 4.8% (IAAs) for schoolchildren with levels above the 97.5th centile, increasing to 20, 23, 24, and 11%, respectively, for antibody levels >99.5th centile. Most children with IDDM had multiple antibody markers, and 89% of those diagnosed over age 10 years had > or =2 antibodies above the 97.5th centile, as compared against 0.7% of schoolchildren, in whom this combination gave a 27% 10-year estimated risk of IDDM. Risk increased but sensitivity fell as combined antibody thresholds were raised, or the number of antibodies above the threshold was increased. Strategies based on detection of > or =2 antibodies with primary testing for GAD and IA-2 antibodies and second line testing for ICAs and/or IAAs were evaluated. Detection of at least two markers selected from GAD antibodies > or =97.5th centile and/or IA-2 antibodies > or =99.5th centile and/or ICAs > or =97.5th centile identified 0.25% of schoolchildren and 83% of children with newly diagnosed IDDM, with an estimated risk of 71% (95% CI 57-91). Although confirmation from prospective studies is still needed, this analysis suggests that antibody combinations can predict diabetes in the general population.
Mitochondrial α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex Generates Reactive Oxygen Species (2004)

Mitochondria-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to contribute to cell death caused by a multitude of pathological conditions. The molecular sites of mitochondrial ROS production are not well established but are generally thought to be located in complex I and complex III of the electron transport chain. We measured H(2)O(2) production, respiration, and NADPH reduction level in rat brain mitochondria oxidizing a variety of respiratory substrates. Under conditions of maximum respiration induced with either ADP or carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone,alpha-ketoglutarate supported the highest rate of H(2)O(2) production. In the absence of ADP or in the presence of rotenone, H(2)O(2) production rates correlated with the reduction level of mitochondrial NADPH with various substrates, with the exception of alpha-ketoglutarate. Isolated mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHC) complexes produced superoxide and H(2)O(2). NAD(+) inhibited ROS production by the isolated enzymes and by permeabilized mitochondria. We also measured H(2)O(2) production by brain mitochondria isolated from heterozygous knock-out mice deficient in dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (Dld). Although this enzyme is a part of both KGDHC and PDHC, there was greater impairment of KGDHC activity in Dld-deficient mitochondria. These mitochondria also produced significantly less H(2)O(2) than mitochondria isolated from their littermate wild-type mice. The data strongly indicate that KGDHC is a primary site of ROS production in normally functioning mitochondria.
Produktives Präzisions-Arbeitspferd für den Formenbau (2020)

Die Anforderungen an die Hersteller von Werkzeugen für das Spritzgießen von Kunststoffteilen steigen kontinuierlich, während gleichzeitig der Preisdruck aus Billiglohnländern zunimmt. Für die Fertigung der Werkzeuge brauchen diese daher Werkzeugmaschinen, die sowohl hoch produktiv als auch besonders genau sind, um den Nacharbeitsaufwand zu senken und Kundenwünsche schnell erfüllen zu können. Zudem muss die Unterstützung durch den Maschinenhersteller „stimmen“ – ein Erfahrungsbericht.
Nanoindentation and scratch behaviour of Ni–P electroless coatings (2019)

In the present paper, the mechanical properties and the scratch failure mechanisms of Ni–P electroless coatings are described. The material microstructure was studied in as-deposited and annealed conditions through SEM and EDS analyses. Nanoindentation measurements on the coatings showed a remarkable hardening due to the crystallization and precipitation behaviour produced by annealing. The scratch tests, conducted by increasing the load during scratch, revealed the coating failure mechanisms in a broad range of applied stresses up to delamination.