gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to Graft Outcome in Pediatric Renal Transplantation: a Single Center Study (2011)

Over the last decades, renal transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure into the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease. Differences in size and weight of the recipient, cause of renal failure, immune responsiveness, susceptibility to infection, pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive drugs, and psychological aspects distinguish renal transplantation in children from adults. The longevity of an allograft is particularly important for the pediatric transplant recipient, because renal replacement therapy is necessarily a lifelong undertaking. The aim of the present study is to determine by means of a multivariable analysis the factors that significantly affect graft outcome in the paediatric transplant population. Knowledge of predictors of graft survival can be beneficial in planning the renal replacement therapy in children and improving transplantation results. Registry studies, essentially from the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) Registry studies have the advantage of being able to include large number of patients. However these studies usually involve heterogeneous populations with different pre-transplant selections, transplant procedures and post-transplant management. Therefore single center studies using a more homogeneous patient group and more uniform management protocols may be valuable in the analysis of transplant outcome. Nevertheless such single center studies using multivariable techniques to analyse transplant outcome are very scarce in paediatric renal transplantation We analysed all renal transplantations performed in children at our institution between 1980 and 2010 and included in our analysis various factors concerning recipient characteristics, donor characteristics, perioperative characteristics and post-transplant events.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Renal Failure (1999)

The kidney is an important target and source of the potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen endothelin-1 (ET-1). However, its exact role in acute renal failure (ARF) remains to be determined. ARF was induced in male Wistar-Kyoto rats (n = 7) in a 2-kidney, 2-clip model of 30-min clamping. Twenty-four hours after clamp release, contractions to angiotensin I (Angl) and II, ET-1, and big ET-1 were studied in isolated aortic and renal artery rings. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were assessed by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. ET-1 clearance, tissue uptake, plasma levels, and vascular and kidney content were investigated. In addition, ET(A) and Et(B) receptor mRNA expression was determined. Sham-operated animals served as controls (n = 7). In ARF, ET-1 plasma levels and tissue content of the renal artery, the aorta, and the kidney markedly increased (P<0.01). Plasma half-life of radiolabeled 125I-ET-1 was markedly prolonged, whereas 125I-ET-1 tissue uptake decreased in the kidney in ARF. Contractions to AngI and AngII were blunted (P<0.05) and those to KCl were unchanged, whereas vascular responses to big ET-1 and ET-1 were enhanced in the renal artery and also in the aorta in ARF (P<0.05 to 0.001). Correspondingly, ET(A) and Et(B) receptor mRNA expression significantly increased in both vascular beds. In addition, endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was diminished and inversely correlated with vascular ET-1 protein levels in the renal artery (r = -0.827, P<0.001) and the aorta (r = -0.812, P<0.001). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that increase of circulating and tissue ET-1 protein levels and ET(A) and Et(B) receptor gene expression occurs, which induces endothelial dysfunction and enhanced vasoconstriction in different vascular beds in ARF.
Quantitative determination of the novel anticancer drug E7070 (indisulam) and its metabolite (1,4‐benzenedisulphonamide) in human plasma, urine and faeces by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2004)

E7070 (indisulam) is a novel anticancer drug currently undergoing clinical investigation. We present a sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of E7070 and its metabolite M1 (1,4-benzenedisulphonamide) in human plasma, urine and faeces. The analytes and their tetra-deuterated analogues, which were used as internal standards, were isolated from the biological matrix by solid-phase extraction with OASIS cartridges (0.5 mL plasma or 1 mL urine) and by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 5 (1 mL faecal homogenate). The analytes were separated on a C8 reversed-phase chromatographic column and analyzed using electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometric detection in the negative ion mode. The validated concentration ranges in plasma were 0.1-20 microg/mL for E7070 and 0.01-2 microg/mL for M1. In urine and faecal homogenate, a concentration range from 0.05-10 microg/mL or microg/g, respectively, was validated for both analytes. Validation of the plasma assay was performed according to the most recent FDA guidelines. The assay fulfilled all generally accepted requirements for linearity (r > 0.99, residuals between -8 and 10%), accuracy (-13.5 to 1.4%) and precision (all less than 11%) in the tested matrices. We investigated recovery, stability (working solutions at -20 degrees C and at room temperature, biological matrices at -20 degrees C, room temperature and after 3 freeze/thaw cycles; final extracts at room temperature) and robustness. All these parameters were found acceptable. This method is suited for mass balance studies or therapeutic drug monitoring, as demonstrated by a case example showing plasma concentrations and cumulative excretion of E7070 and M1 in urine and faeces. Furthermore, we show the presence of E7070 metabolites in patient urine.
Variation in Bone Quality during Regenerative Process (2007)

Since preferential orientation of c-axis of biological apatite (BAp) crystallites depends strongly on the shape of hard tissue, closely relating to the in vivo stress distribution, it is a useful parameter to judge the bone quality. In this study, preferential alignment of BAp crystallites in original and regenerated hard tissues were analyzed by the micro-beam X-ray diffractometer (μ-XRD) with a beam spot of 50 or 100 μm in diameter. Regenerating processes of bone defects introduced artificially in the rabbit ulna or skull were healed by inserting a biodegradable gelatin hydrogel incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Recovery of BAp orientation alignment depends strongly on the regenerated portion and period, which is insufficient to recover the original level, while bone mineral density (BMD) is almost improved to the original level. This means that BMD recovers prior to improvement of the BAp orientation and the related mechanical function in the regenerated tissues. Thus, reloading on the regenerated portion caused by BMD restoration is suggested to accelerate to produce the appropriate BAp preferential alignment due to the remodeling process. The BAp orientation was finally concluded to be one of the most important indices to check the regenerative degree and process in the regenerated bone under the tissue engineering technique.
POOL: design and experience (1991)

The first language of the POOL family (Parallel Object-Oriented Language) was designed in 1984. Since then, a considerable amount of research on this subject has been performed. The aim of these activities was to develop a programming language that effectively supports the construction of large, complex applications that could be run on a multiprocessor without shared memory. At this moment, it can be said that a significant progress has been made in solving this formidable problem.
Refinement and depth (2021)

In this chapter, we will shape up visual elements and implement visual structure together with code structure. Visual elements can evolve best when the idea is still under construction, and we can follow new inspirations from working with code. We will also dig a bit deeper in working with data structures and unleash new powers of Processing. To achieve this, we introduce four refinements here: “Randomness and Noise,” “MemoryDot,” “Using Computed Values,” and “Interaction.” Using these refinements, we can make big steps from the simple visual elements of the previous step toward solutions that match our idea even better.
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Economics of peer-to-peer systems (2005)

Welcome to the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshops!.This year we are pleased to present a program of four excellent workshops: (1) Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND), (2) Workshops on economics of peer-to-peer systems (P2PECON), (3) Workshop on mining data networks (MineNet), and (4) Workshop on delay tolerant networking and related networks (WDTN).Workshops are becoming an integral part of the ACM SIGCOMM week-long Data Communications Festival and their goal is to enhance the ACM SIGCOMM conference technical program and promote cross-disciplinary interactions. In response to the call for proposals, we received a record of 12 workshop proposals, 4 of which were accepted after a review by the SIGCOMM 2005 organizing committee. Reaching out to other communities was probably one of the key factors in our selection process. E-WIND brings together the wireless and data networking communities; P2PECON has been successfully organized in the past two years as an independent workshop and brings together researchers from economics, distributed systems, and data networking; MineNet focuses on the analysis of the vast amount of data that can be extracted from the network and crosses the boundaries of networking, data mining, statistics, and machine learning. WDTN was selected as an emerging topic in data networking that could benefit from a focused workshop that will update researchers on the latest results in the area.There is a significant amount of logistics and co-ordination required between the four workshops and the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 conference and I would like to thank all the members of the SIGCOMM 2005 organizing committee and several volunteers who made it possible. First, I would like to thank Roch Guerin, Joe Touch, and Jennifer Rexford, for all their guidance during the workshop organization process and for being ready to assist at any time. Jaudelice C. de Oliveira and Honghui Lu managed the local arrangements. Steve Weber was always available to update the web-site with the workshop information, and Andreas Terzis and Christos Papadopoulos handled the registration and financial issues. Saswati Sarkar, and Lisa Tolles at Sheridan Printing led the difficult task of producing the combined proceedings.Last but not least, I would like to thank the organizers of the four workshops: Ed Knightly, Christophe Diot, Emin Gun Sirer, Eric Friedman, Shubhabrata Sen, Chuanyi Ji, Debanjan Saha, Joe McCloskey, S. Keshav, and Kevin Fall. Their hard work together with the excellent contributions of all authors were key in making these workshops successful.
Mitochondrial injury: an early event in cisplatin toxicity to renal proximal tubules (1990)

Oxygen consumption (QO2) and net K+ transport were studied in rabbit proximal tubule suspensions to define the early effects of cisplatin on proximal tubule function. Cisplatin caused dose-dependent inhibition of QO2, which was delayed in onset. The concentration of cisplatin required for inhibition decreased as the duration of exposure was increased [40-min exposure, threshold concentration of 10(-4) M, inhibitor constant (Ki) of 10(-3) M; 4-h exposure, threshold concentration of 3 X 10(-5) M, Ki of 10(-4) M]. Both ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive QO2 were reduced, indicating inhibition of all adenosinetriphosphatases, including Na(+)- K(+)-ATPase activity. There was a parallel fall in ouabain-sensitive net K+ transport and cytosolic K+ content, confirming the latter observation. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was unchanged in cell membranes prepared by hypotonic lysis from cisplatin-treated tubules, indicating an indirect cytosol-dependent mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Nystatin-stimulated QO2 was reduced in cisplatin-treated tubules, excluding inhibition of Na+ entry as the mechanism of injury and suggesting mitochondrial injury. The latter was confirmed by measurement of carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-uncoupled QO2 in intact cells and ADP-stimulated (state 3) QO2 in digitonin-permeabilized tubules. Furthermore, by maximally stimulating mitochondrial respiration with CCCP and nystatin, it was possible to demonstrate mitochondrial injury at a time when basal QO2 and K+ transport were apparently normal. These data suggest that mitochondrial injury is a central event in cisplatin toxicity to the proximal tubule.
The Bicyclists' Injuries and the Cycling Environment study: a protocol to tackle methodological issues facing studies of bicycling safety (2011)

This study presents a novel application of the case-crossover design to the evaluation of relationships between infrastructure and cycling safety while controlling confounders and exposure to risk. It is hoped that the value of this method and the efficiency of the recruitment process will encourage replication in other locations, to expand the range of cycling infrastructure compared and to facilitate evidence-based cycling infrastructure choices that can make cycling safer and more appealing.
New fields of application of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in the pathologic staging of solid neoplasms: Review of literature and surgical perspectives (2004)

Sentinel lymph node (sN) biopsy has gained special attention among surgical and medical oncologists as it represents an accepted technique for detecting occult nodal disease in regional lymph nodes of patients with melanoma and breast cancer. The histopathologic examination of the sN may well predict regional lymph node status in order to define the most suitable loco-regional and systemic treatment. Recently, this technique has also been applied to other solid tumor types such as gynecologic and urologic malignancies, squamous head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, and gastric cancer. The aim of this literature review is to define the rationale of sN biopsy in these tumor sites, the most effective procedure for sN detection, and the accuracy of the sN in predicting regional nodal status, as well as the surgical perspectives of sN biopsy application.
Sampling Site Matters When Counting Lymphocyte Subpopulations (2012)

Clinical and scientific work routinely relies on antecubital venipunctures for hematological, immunological or other analyses on blood. This study tested the hypothesis that antecubital veins can be considered to be a good proxy for other sampling sites. Using a hematocytometer and a flow cytometer, we analyzed the cell counts from samples coming from the radial artery, the dorsal hand veins and the antecubital veins from 18 volunteers. Most surprisingly, we identified the greatest difference not to exist between arterial and venous circulation, but between the distal (radial artery & dorsal hand veins) and proximal (antecubital veins) sampling sites. Naïve T cells had a higher cell count distally compared to proximally and the reverse was true for effector memory T cells. Despite these differences there were high correlations between the different sampling sites, which partially supports our initial hypothesis. Our findings are crucial for the future design and interpretation of immunological research, and for clinical practice. Furthermore, our results suggest a role for interval lymph nodes in the trafficking of lymphocytes.
Impaired Collateral Vessel Formation in Sickle Cell Disease (2018)

Our data suggest dysfunctional collateral vessel formation in SS mice after vascular injury and provide a mechanistic basis for the multiple vascular complications of sickle cell disease.
An ultrasonic method for measuring tissue displacement: technical details and validation for measuring myocardial thickening (1991)

We have developed a method for measuring myocardial thickening from a single ultrasonic transducer attached to the epicardium. Displacement of the underlying myocardial tissue is measured by following the phase of the echoes within a sample volume range-gated across the myocardium. The output is in the form of an analog signal. To verify the accuracy, resolution, and limitations of the system, we derived the equations relating the position of a reflector to the phase of its echo and compared the system output in vitro to a known input using a single moving target and a random distribution of scatterers, and in vivo to that of an ultrasonic transit-time dimension gauge. The results demonstrate that the 10 MHz system can accurately follow the motion of single or multiple targets with a resolution of 0.02 mm. In 25 dogs myocardial thickening measured with the displacement system compared favorably in both waveform and magnitude with thickening measured by the two-crystal transit-time method. Applications for the displacement method include: quantification of regional ventricular function in animal models of cardiovascular diseases, measurement of endocardial to epicardial differences in the deformation of regional myocardium during the cardiac cycle, and evaluation of regional cardiac function in patients during and after corrective cardiac surgery.
Robust measurement of telomere length in single cells (2013)

Measurement of telomere length currently requires a large population of cells, which masks telomere length heterogeneity in single cells, or requires FISH in metaphase arrested cells, posing technical challenges. A practical method for measuring telomere length in single cells has been lacking. We established a simple and robust approach for single-cell telomere length measurement (SCT-pqPCR). We first optimized a multiplex preamplification specific for telomeres and reference genes from individual cells, such that the amplicon provides a consistent ratio (T/R) of telomeres (T) to the reference genes (R) by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The average T/R ratio of multiple single cells corresponded closely to that of a given cell population measured by regular qPCR, and correlated with those of telomere restriction fragments (TRF) and quantitative FISH measurements. Furthermore, SCT-pqPCR detected the telomere length for quiescent cells that are inaccessible by quantitative FISH. The reliability of SCT-pqPCR also was confirmed using sister cells from two cell embryos. Telomere length heterogeneity was identified by SCT-pqPCR among cells of various human and mouse cell types. We found that the T/R values of human fibroblasts at later passages and from old donors were lower and more heterogeneous than those of early passages and from young donors, that cancer cell lines show heterogeneous telomere lengths, that human oocytes and polar bodies have nearly identical telomere lengths, and that the telomere lengths progressively increase from the zygote, two-cell to four-cell embryo. This method will facilitate understanding of telomere heterogeneity and its role in tumorigenesis, aging, and associated diseases.
A Large-Deflection Electrostatic Actuator for Optical Switching Applications (2000)

in the design of comb-drive actuators have allowed their use in a 1xN optical switch requiring 200 urn static deflection and a switching speed of less than 1 ms. The main obstacle to the development of large-displacement combdrive actuators has been electromechanical side instability, which increases with forward deflection and may cause catastrophic failure. In this work, the stable deflection range is increased by employing prebent suspensions and linearly engaging comb teeth. Nonlinear analytical models, as well as MechanicaTM finite element models and SimulinkTM numerical models have been developed to fully characterize the performance of the actuators and facilitate their design.
Application of Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Detection and Localization of a Fault on a Coaxial Cable (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a new high-resolution reflectometry technique that operates simultaneously in both the time and frequency domains. The approach rests upon time-frequency signal analysis and utilizes a chirp signal multiplied by a Gaussian time envelope. The Gaussian envelope provides time localization, while the chirp allows one to excite the system under test with a swept sinewave covering a frequency band of interest. This latter capability is of particular interest when testing communication cables and systems. Sensitivity in detecting the reflected signal is provided by a time-frequency cross-correlation function. The approach is verified by experimentally locating various types of faults, located at various distances, in RG 142 and RG 400 coaxial cables.
Mucosal Vaccination Shapes the Expression of Salivary Antibodies and Establishment of CD8+ T‐Cells (2013)

Oral and nasal mucosal vaccination induced a local host response with little systemic effect. The use of CpG or LT as adjuvants with the oral mucosal vaccination was the most efficient vaccination mode in the present mouse model.
Nature of the Clearance of Exogenous Testosterone and Progesterone in Ejaculated Bovine Semen (1981)

Plasma and semen concentrations of androgens and progestins were not influenced by repetitive ejaculation in bulls. Within 20 minutes after the injection of testosterone (100 mg Intravenously), plasma concentration of androgen (mean ± SEM) was 698 ± 240 ng/ml (92% testosterone) and semen concentration of androgen was 27.7 ng/ml (76% testosterone). Within 20 minutes after the injection of progesterone (100 mg intravenously), plasma concentration of progestin was 2226 ± 635 ng/ml (96% progesterone) and semen concentration of progestin was 68.2 ± 2.2 ng/ml (68% progesterone). Thereafter, the concentrations of androgens and progestins in both plasma and semen steadily declined. Semen/blood concentration ratio values for progestins and androgens were similar to each other during the experimental period. It was concluded that testosterone and progesterone were readily transferred to the ejaculate from the blood.
To the issue of Geodesics and Torsion in Riemannian geometry and Theory of the Gravitation: analysis of consistence and update of the conventional concept (2023)

A simple differential analysis of issue of the correspondence between notion of geodesics in gravitation theory of GTR and straights of inertial motion in the Minkowski space-time discovers that, conventional certification of the geodesics in GTR is not compatible with the existence of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor (RCT). We show that, resolution of the contradiction consists of a natural extension of the Christoffel symbols in the gravitation dynamic law to the complete connectedness form which includes a triadic asymmetric tensor (named the moderator). The correspondent Riemann supertensor form, unavoidably annihilating by certification of 4-vectors of particle momentum and spin, gives birth to torsion (skew-symmetric part of the moderator) and the gravitensor (the even-symmetric part); both arrive connected to the RCT and become an indispensable integral part of structure of the gravitational field. The equivalence principle still actual while it becomes enriched in the content. The Einstein-Hilbert law of the metric to matter connection remains unchanged at the produced correction of the gravitational dynamics. Our analysis results in the gravitensor addition to Christoffels in equation for geodesics, modified equations for 4-vector of particle spin with contribution from torsion, and renormalization of metric in the update dynamic concept of the GTR. We pay attention to possible implication of torsion in the elementary interactions.