gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase 2 trial of chemotherapy followed by consolidative radiation therapy for initial treatment of oligometastatic NSCLC. (2017)

9047 Background: Unselected patients with stage 4 lung cancer who receive front line platinum based chemotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy have demonstrated a PFS less than 6 months with very few patients alive at 5 years. Patients with a small number of metastatic lesions may have a different biology, and aggressive local treatment of oligometastases is an active area of investigation. Methods: Patients were required to have stable disease or response after 3-6 cycles of platinum based chemotherapy and PS 0-2. Oligometastatic disease was defined as a maximum number of 5 metastatic lesions for all disease sites including no more than 3 active extracranial metastatic lesions. Limited mediastinal lymph node involvement was allowed. Results: 29 patients were enrolled between 10/2010 and 10/2015. 3 patients were excluded from analysis due to concerns regarding eligibility/treatment response. Despite closing early due to slow accrual, the study met its primary endpoint for success which was PFS greater than 6 months. The median PFS (95% CI) was 11.0 months (7.4-15.9 months) and the median OS was 22.2 months (13.3-45.7 months). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS were 73%, 35%, and 29%. Conclusions: Patients with oligometastatic NSCLC who received platinum based chemotherapy followed by oligometastatic consolidative radiation without maintenance chemotherapy demonstrated prolonged disease control and overall survival. Clinical trial information: nct01185639.
Effect of Viscum schimperi on advanced glycation endproducts formation. (2016)

Diabetes is a disease characterized by elevated uncontrolled glucose level. Hyperglycemia results in diabetic complication due to a reaction between sugar and amino acid of proteins to form advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in different tissues. Medicinal plants are considered as a great source of bioactive compounds that affect many ailments. In this regard; AGEs formation could be inhibited by many bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants. Viscum schimperi Engl. is a plant belongs to Loranthaceae and known for its antidiabetic activity. In this study; total methanol extract of V. schimperi (VT) was prepared, suspended in water and subjected to fractionation with chloroform followed by n-butanol to give (VC) and (VB) fractions respectively. The aqueous mother liquor was evaporated to form (VA) fraction. The inhibitory effect of all prepared fraction on the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) was studied. The results revealed that V. schimperi extract and its different fractions inhibited protein glycation and oxidation of BSA induced by ribose together with decrease of protein aggregation. In conclusion; V. schimperi will be useful in management of diabetic complications based on its inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation.
Human tryptase as a potent, cell-specific mitogen: role of signaling pathways in synergistic responses (1992)

Mast cells are hypothesized to participate in processes leading to tissue fibrosis in human lung and skin. To explore the possible involvement of mast cell mediators in fibrogenesis, the mitogenic activity of mast cell tryptase from human lung was examined in vitro. The results indicate that human tryptase is a potent inducer of DNA synthesis in fibroblasts from multiple sources, including human lung. As demonstrated by mitogenic responses in fibroblasts, but not in vascular smooth muscle cells, tryptase is a mitogen with target cell specificity. Additionally, specificity is demonstrated by the differences in mitogenic activity of tryptase in comparison with thrombin, a structurally related mitogenic proteinase. Examination of the mitogenic effects of tryptase in the presence of other mitogens reveals synergy with mitogens that act through receptors coupled to intrinsic tyrosine kinases (insulin, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor) or to G proteins (thrombin and serotonin). In the latter case, studies in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts using specific receptor agonists and antagonists or receptor-transfected cell lines reveal a requirement for the activation of a G protein (Gi) negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase to act synergistically with tryptase. These data establish that human tryptase is a potent and specific mitogen in vitro and suggest that mitogenic signals generated by tryptase can interact synergistically with signals generated by both tyrosine kinase-coupled and G protein-coupled growth factor receptors.
TEXTURE AND CRYSTALLIZATION CONTROL IN RAISINS (1976)

ABSTRACT Upon protracted storage of raisins a crystalline material can develop on their surface, especially at higher moisture levels. A method of controlling this formation was developed, which consisted of subjecting the raisins to a mild heat‐treatment. This heat‐treatment procedure also had a tenderizing effect on raisins, making them noticably softer. Other factors were studied that affected raisin texture during storage with bran‐flakes. Raisin desiccation rate was found to be affected by storage temperature, pressure and coatings. Paraffin coating had the most pronounced effect. Protein coatings of solubilized soy protein or egg albumen followed by heat‐denaturation also significantly reduced moisture loss from raisins stored with bran flakes.
Heat Shock Proteins and Allograft Rejection (2005)

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved families of molecules, immune reactivity to which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune and cardiovascular disease. The observations that Hsp expression is induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury and is elevated in transplanted organs, and that rejecting allografts are infiltrated by Hsp-specific lymphocyte populations have prompted the suggestions that Hsps and the development of anti-Hsp immune reactivity drive transplant rejection responses. However, although these proteins can activate innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and can promote the development of proinflammatory immune responses, they are also cytoprotective and have been shown to improve organ viability and function after ischemia-reperfusion injury in a number of experimental models. In addition, the induction of immunity to Hsp60, Hsp70 and Grp78 attenuates experimental autoimmune disease and the induction of immunity to Hsp60 prolongs murine skin allograft survival. It would, therefore, appear that the expression of Hsps and the presence of Hsp-specific lymphocyte populations are not necessarily indicative of a deleterious response; indeed they might reflect an anti-inflammatory, protective response. This chapter reviews current knowledge in the area of Hsps, anti-Hsp reactivity and allograft rejection.
Dispersion compensation with solid-core photonic bandgap fiber in an Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser (2007)

The recent development of photonic bandgap fibers with solid cores enables the construction of dispersion compensated all-fiber ultrashort mode-locked fiber lasers. Solid-core photonic bandgap fibers (SC-PBG) can be spliced to standard fibers with relative low loss and negligible Fresnel reflection due to the matching indexes of the cores. The fibers can provide significant anomalous dispersion with low nonlinearity and are therefore ideal for dispersion compensation in ultrafast fiber lasers. We demonstrate the use of a SC-PBG fiber for intra cavity dispersion compensation in an ytterbium based mode-locked fiber laser. The limitations on pulse duration due to the relative high third order dispersion of the SC-PBG fiber are discussed.
Molecular evolution and functional divergence of tubulin superfamily in the fungal tree of life (2014)

Microtubules are essential for various cellular activities and β-tubulins are the target of benzimidazole fungicides. However, the evolution and molecular mechanisms driving functional diversification in fungal tubulins are not clear. In this study, we systematically identified tubulin genes from 59 representative fungi across the fungal kingdom. Phylogenetic analysis showed that α-/β-tubulin genes underwent multiple independent duplications and losses in different fungal lineages and formed distinct paralogous/orthologous clades. The last common ancestor of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes likely possessed two paralogs of α-tubulin (α1/α2) and β-tubulin (β1/β2) genes but α2-tubulin genes were lost in basidiomycetes and β2-tubulin genes were lost in most ascomycetes. Molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that α1, α2, and β2-tubulins have been under strong divergent selection and adaptive positive selection. Many positively selected sites are at or adjacent to important functional sites and likely contribute to functional diversification. We further experimentally confirmed functional divergence of two β-tubulins in Fusarium and identified type II variations in FgTub2 responsible for function shifts. In this study, we also identified δ-/ε-/η-tubulins in Chytridiomycetes. Overall, our results illustrated that different evolutionary mechanisms drive functional diversification of α-/β-tubulin genes in different fungal lineages, and residues under positive selection could provide targets for further experimental study.
Miniaturized and reconfigurable notch antennas using a BST thin film varactor (2012)

Ferroelectric (FE) thin film varactor technology can be used for antenna miniaturization and reconfiguration. We present more particularly a quarter wavelength notch antenna with a Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , BST) thin film in MIM geometry. Integration of the BST varactor yields a size reduction of approximately 56% with respect to the initial antenna size (0.064 × λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> without BST layer) and the miniaturized antenna is tunable from 0.94 GHz to 1.07 GHz.
Semi-Automatic Ontology Extension Using Spreading Activation (2005)

Abstract: This paper describes a system to semi-automatically extend and refine ontologies by mining textual data from the Web sites of international online media. Expanding a seed ontology creates a semantic network through co-occurrence analysis, trigger phrase analysis, and disambiguation based on the WordNet lexical dictionary. Spreading activation then processes this semantic network to find the most probable candidates for inclusion in an extended ontology. Approaches to identifying hierarchical relationships such as subsumption, head noun analysis and WordNet consultation are used to confirm and classify the found relationships. Using a seed ontology on &amp;amp;quot;climate change &amp;amp;quot; as an example, this paper demonstrates how spreading activation improves the result by naturally integrating the mentioned methods.
Bosonic-degeneracy-induced quantum correlation in a nonlinear atomic beam splitter (1995)

We employ a vector quantum field theory to describe the interaction of a coherent atomic beam with a standing-wave laser field. The coherent atomic beam is assumed to be composed of degenerate bosonic atoms. We derive a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation to describe the diffraction of the coherent atomic beam through the standing-wave laser field in the adiabatic regime of interaction of atoms with a light wave. Under appropriate conditions, we find that the standing-wave laser field acts as a quantum nonlinear atomic beam splitter for a coherent atomic beam. The quantum correlations in the nonlinear atomic beam splitter are analyzed and the analogy to quantum correlations of nonclassical light in an optical Kerr-type medium is discussed.
T2LBM Version 1.0: Landfill bioreactor model for TOUGH2 (2001)

LBNL-47961 T2LBM Version 1.0: Landfill Bioreactor Model for TOUGH2 Curtis M. Oldenburg Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 November 2001 This work was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. rev. 1.0
Optoelectrical characteristics of green light-emitting diodes containing thick InGaN wells with digitally grown InN/GaN (2014)

Compared with conventionally grown thin InGaN wells, thick InGaN wells with digitally grown InN/GaN exhibit superior optical properties. The activation energy (48 meV) of thick InGaN wells (generated by digital InN/GaN growth from temperature-dependent integrated photoluminescence intensity) is larger than the activation energy (25 meV) of conventionally grown thin InGaN wells. Moreover, thick InGaN wells with digitally grown InN/GaN exhibit a smaller σ value (the degree of localization effects) of 19 meV than that of conventionally grown thin InGaN wells (23 meV). Compared with green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with conventional thin InGaN wells, the improvement in 20-A/cm² output power for LEDs containing thick InGaN wells with digitally grown InN/GaN is approximately 23%.
Effects of Thermal and Mechanical Loading on PDC Bit Life (1986)

Summary Results of numerical analyses to determine the effects of thermal and mechanical loading on the integrity of poly crystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) cutters during deep-hole drilling are presented. Cutter-temperature distributions for several drilling environments are combined with the appropriate mechanical cutting loads to predict stress distributions for the study of cutter wear mechanisms. A discussion of wear mechanisms acting on the cutting structure is presented. Suggestions based on these analyses are presented for the operation of PDC bits to increase bit life in hard, abrasive rock drilling. Microstructural design considerations for the cemented carbide that supports the diamond layer are also discussed.
<title>Reflectivity and fidelity of phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering of focused beams</title> (2003)

Reflectivity and fidelity of phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is studied in CS<sub>2</sub>. Experimental results are presented for TEM<sub>00</sub> and TEM<sub>01</sub> mode pumping, at 1.06 &mu;m. SBS reflectivity has been analytically calculated and compared with experimental data. Good healing of phase distortions was demonstrated.
Metal-matrix high-temperature superconductor (1987)

A wide array of metal parts containing high-temperature (90 K) superconducting ceramic channels can be fabricated using explosive processing. Aluminum as well as copper has been used as a matrix in experimental superconducting composites. Since the consolidation process does not expose the YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-y/ ceramic to temperatures above 100/sup 0/C, degradation of superconducting properties does not occur.
Lyapunov-based piezoelectric control of flexible cartesian robot manipulators (2004)

A Lyapunov-based control strategy is proposed for regulating problem of a Cartesian robot manipulator, which is modeled as a flexible cantilever beam arm with a translational base support. The arm cross-sectional area is assumed to be uniform and Euler-Bernoulli beam theory assumptions are considered. Moreover, two types of damping mechanisms; namely viscous and structural dampings, are considered for the arm material properties. A piezoelectric (PZT) patch actuator is bonded on the surface of the flexible beam for suppressing residual beam vibrations. The equations of motion for the system are obtained using Hamilton's principle, which are based on the original infinite dimensional distributed system. Utilizing the Lyapunov method, the control force acting on the base and control voltage for the PZT actuator are designed such that the base is regulated to a desired set-point and the exponential stability of the system is attained. The feasibility of the controller is validated through numerical simulations.
Observations of collimating bound surface states in slow-light photonic crystal superlattices (2013)

We present measurements and modeling of collimating surface states in slow-light photonic crystal superlattices consisting of alternating dispersive and homogeneous media. Superlattice periodicity allows evanescent-wave resonant coupling to surface photon bound states, supporting collimation.
Large-signal dynamic loss in gallium arsenide read avalanche diodes (1978)

In this paper we show that very large displacement currents may flow in high power Read diodes, especially when they are operated in the pulsed mode. These displacement currents may have peak amplitudes which are larger than the maximum possible conduction currents in the undepleted material. When this occurs, then the conduction current in the undepleted material must be augmented by a displacement current in that region. This displacement current is accompanied by a large field, in turn, causes abnormally large dissipation, since losses are proportional to the product of the conduction current in the undepleted material and the electric field. For practical diodes, this effect tends to limit the maximum modulation index to about 0.45. By special design of diodes, one may limit this anomalous loss, resulting in higher efficiency and higher power output.
Three-dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Supported Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles as an Advanced Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2015)

An efficient three-dimensional (3D) hybrid material of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets (N-RGO) supporting molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) nanoparticles with high-performance electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is fabricated by using a facile hydrothermal route. Comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations confirm the resulting hybrid material possesses a 3D crumpled few-layered graphene network structure decorated with MoS(2) nanoparticles. Electrochemical characterization analysis reveals that the resulting hybrid material exhibits efficient electrocatalytic activity toward HER under acidic conditions with a low onset potential of 112 mV and a small Tafel slope of 44 mV per decade. The enhanced mechanism of electrocatalytic activity has been investigated in detail by controlling the elemental composition, electrical conductance and surface morphology of the 3D hybrid as well as Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. This demonstrates that the abundance of exposed active sulfur edge sites in the MoS(2) and nitrogen active functional moieties in N-RGO are synergistically responsible for the catalytic activity, whilst the distinguished and coherent interface in MoS(2)/N-RGO facilitates the electron transfer during electrocatalysis. Our study gives insights into the physical/chemical mechanism of enhanced HER performance in MoS(2)/N-RGO hybrids and illustrates how to design and construct a 3D hybrid to maximize the catalytic efficiency.
Clinical Testing of a New Pacemaker Function to Monitor Ventricular Capture (2005)

Automatic beat-by-beat capture functions are designed to minimize the pacing energy delivered, while maintaining the highest safety by delivering an immediate back-up stimulus in case of loss of capture. The objective of this study was to estimate the lowering of ventricular pacing amplitude allowed by such a function, compared to amplitudes usually set manually in routine practice. An automatic ventricular pacing threshold test is launched every 6 hours to measure the automatic capture threshold (AT). From AT the function calculates: (1) the"capture amplitude"(V(c)) = AT + 0.5 V at a minimum output of 1 V and (2) the"safety amplitude" (V(s)) = twice AT at a minimum output of 2.5 V. The function preferentially uses V(c) and verifies capture after each paced beat. In case of loss of capture, a back-up spike is delivered and V(s) is implemented until the next threshold measurement. We estimated the ventricular amplitude delivered by the pacemaker from data stored in the pacemaker memory. We compared these values with the pacing amplitude typically programmed manually (MPA) by physicians at twice AT and a minimum of 2.5 V. Data from 57 recipients of Talent 3 DR pacemakers were analyzed. Complete data sets were available in 25 patients at 1 day, 28 at 1 month, and 39 between 1 day and 1 month. No loss of capture or ventricular pause was observed on 53 ambulatory electrocardiograms (ECG); and pulse amplitude automatically delivered by the device was significantly lower than the MPA at each of the three time points analyzed. This new beat-by-beat capture function allows a significant lowering of the pacing amplitude compared to manual settings, while preserving a 100% safety.
Selective Deposition of TiSi2 from  H 2 ‐ TiCl4 Gas Mixtures and Si: Aspects of Thermodynamics Including Critical Evaluation of Thermochemical Data in the Ti‐Si System (1992)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of from , , and substrate silicon has been investigated thermodynamically. From a critical evaluation of the thermochemical data, an assessment of the Ti‐Si binary phase diagram has been performed. This is the basis of a new set of thermodynamic values for the titanium silicides, which have been used in the calculations. As a comparison, two other common data sets have also been used. The results from the calculations showed that the trends in selectivity as well as substrate etching were not affected by the choice of the silicide data. However, in the calculated CVD phase diagrams the stability regions for the various equilibria were strongly affected. The selectivity of the process was found to be very high and was favored by a low temperature and a low molar ratio. Moreover, improved selectivity can be expected for hot‐wall reactor conditions. It was also shown that thermodynamics can be used for prediction of trends in substrate etching. The lowest etching yield was obtained at low pressures, at high temperatures, and at high molar ratios.
The myristoylation of TRIF-related adaptor molecule is essential for Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction (2006)

TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM) is the fourth Toll/IL-1 resistance domain-containing adaptor to be described that participates in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. TRAM functions exclusively in the TLR4 pathway. Here we show by confocal microscopy that TRAM is localized in the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus, where it colocalizes with TLR4. Membrane localization of TRAM is the result of myristoylation because mutation of a predicted myristoylation site in TRAM (TRAM-G2A) brought about dissociation of TRAM from the membrane and its relocation to the cytosol. Further, TRAM, but not TRAM-G2A, was radiolabeled with [3H]myristate in vivo. Unlike wild-type TRAM, overexpression of TRAM-G2A failed to elicit either IFN regulatory factor 3 or NF-kappaB signaling. Moreover, TRAM-G2A was unable to reconstitute LPS responses in bone marrow-derived macrophages from TRAM-deficient mice. These observations provide clear evidence that the myristoylation of TRAM targets it to the plasma membrane, where it is essential for LPS responses through the TLR4 signal transduction pathway, and suggest a hitherto unappreciated manner in which LPS responses can be regulated.
Capacitive Microphone fabricated with CMOS MEMS Surface-Micromachining Technology (2011)

ISBN 978-2-35500-013-3