gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of Black Bears (Ursus americanus) with a Combination of Butorphanol, Azaperone, and Medetomidine (2008)

Sixteen captive and five free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) were immobilized with a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine (BAM). The BAM drug combination was premixed using 0.5 ml butorphanol (30 mg/ml), 0.25 ml azaperone (50 mg/ml), and 0.25 ml medetomidine (20 mg/ml) per milliliter to yield a final mix of (15 mg butorphanol+12.5 mg azaperone+5 mg medetomidine)/ml. This combination, dosed at 0.4 ml BAM/approximately 23 kg estimated body weight, provided a mean induction time of 10 min (95% confidence interval [CI]=2 min), consistent anesthesia without apparent adverse effects, and smooth recovery (mean=15 min, 95% CI=4 min) after antagonism with atipamezole (5 mg/mg medetomidine) alone or in combination with naltrexone (5 mg/mg butorphanol). Based on our initial observations, BAM appears to be a reversible and accessible drug combination for immobilizing black bears that merits further evaluation for field use.
Sensing and processing for smart structures (1996)

It has been only recently that research and development on smart structures has been identified as an interdisciplinary area of activity in its own right. One of the key functionalities required for a structure to be termed "smart" is an ability to sense. Recent developments in fiber optic sensing, noncontact sensor power/interrogation, and long gauge length sensors configured as matched filters will be critical to the successful development of the smart structures of the future. A formal definition of a smart structure is provided and sensing requirements and potential sensing alternatives are discussed. Some data processing options are then covered and near term application areas identified.
Implementation of Multi-Axial Fatigue Theory in FE Packages (2016)

Many mechanical or structural components are subjected to multi-axial, irregular cyclic loading during service. The direction and amplitude of principal stress and strain vary over a period of time results in non-proportional cyclic loading on the component. At geometrical discontinuities, even a monotonic load will result in multi-axial state of stress. In general, the life of the components subjected to multi-axial stress loadings, are evaluated using classical yield theories. The Tresca and von Mises criterions along with Basquin-Coffin and Manson life curve are widely used in commercially available Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tools. These classical methods are conservative and may not yield good experimental correlation at all the loading conditions and this augments the need for robust life estimation methodology.There are many commercially available FEA tools to estimate the multi-axial fatigue life viz. nCODE ® which uses Wang-Brown method [1]. However, it has been found that for shear dominated fatigue material Fatemi-Socie criteria is more suitable. So an attempt is made to develop a an algorithm to implement Fatemi-Socie criteria in a commercially available generic FEA software in a cost effective way. This paper discusses how to estimate the life of a sample specimen subjected to multi-axial and non-proportional loading conditions. The classical yield criteria based on von-Mises stress with Basquin-Coffin and Manson equation and critical plane method viz, Fatemi-Socie criteria are implemented in to commercial FEA tool, ANSYS. This paper also attempt to see how these theories compare with experimental data. Results of this study would help in leveraging the established process of implementing custom based life estimation method in ANSYS for the estimation of the life of the mechanical components.
Murine schistosomiasis mansoni: coordinate cytokine regulation and differences in cellular immune responses of granuloma cells and splenocytes to endogenous and exogenous schistosome egg antigens (2001)

To better understand the cellular immune mechanisms that regulate granulomatous inflammation to Schistosoma mansoni ova, we examined the dynamics of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine expression by granuloma cells and splenocytes to endogenous and exogenous schistosome egg antigen (SEA) 6-19 weeks postinfection. Compared to splenocytes, granuloma cells (partially CD4+ cells) which are at the site of antigen release were highly activated by endogenous SEA and terminally differentiated as indicated by the more than 10-fold greater frequency of ex vivo interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma -secreting cells, greater levels of constitutive cytokine production and failure to proliferate to either endogenous or exogenous SEA. Endogenous cytokine production by granuloma cells was coordinately regulated, enhanced little by exogenous SEA, and temporally correlated with granulomatous inflammation. By contrast, CD4+ splenocytes produced comparatively little cytokine release by endogenous antigen, whereas exogenous SEA strongly induced IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation that correlated poorly with the dynamics of granulomatous inflammation. These results show that cytokine responses to endogenous SEA correlated better with granulomatous inflammation than responses to exogenous SEA. Furthermore, granuloma cells and splenocytes demonstrated strikingly different proliferative responses and dynamics of cytokine expression, suggesting that how SEA reactive lymphocytes traffic between lymphoid tissues and the granuloma is critical to a better understanding of the mechanisms of granulomatous inflammation and its modulation.
Transient Thermal Response of a Rotating Cylindrical Silicon Nitride Workpiece Subjected to a Translating Laser Heat Source, Part I: Comparison of Surface Temperature Measurements With Theoretical Results (1998)

Laser-assisted machining (LAM), in which the material is locally heated by an intense laser source prior to material removal, provides an alternative machining process with the potential to yield higher material removal rates, as well as improved control of workpiece properties and geometry, for difficult-to-machine materials such as structural ceramics. To assess the feasibility of the LAM process and to obtain an improved understanding of governing physical phenomena, a laser assisted machining facility was developed and used to experimentally investigate the thermal response of a rotating silicon nitride workpiece heated by a translating CO2 laser. Using a focused laser pyrometer, surface temperature history measurements were made to determine the effect of rotational and translational speed, as well as the laser beam diameter and power, on thermal conditions. The experimental results are in good agreement with predictions based on a transient three-dimensional numerical simulation of the heating process. With increasing workpiece rotational speed, temperatures in proximity to the laser spot decrease, while those at circumferential locations further removed from the laser increase. Near-laser temperatures decrease with increasing beam diameter, while energy deposition by the laser and, correspondingly, workpiece surface temperatures increase with decreasing laser translational speed and increasing laser power, In a companion paper (Rozzi et al., 1998), the detailed numerical model is used to further elucidate thermal conditions associated with laser heating and to assess the merit of a simple, analytical model which is better suited for online process control.
Band-gap tuning and optical response of two-dimensionalSixC1−x: A first-principles real-space study of disordered two-dimensional materials (2017)

We present a real-space formulation for calculating the electronic structure and optical conductivity of random alloys based on Kubo-Greenwood formalism interfaced with augmented space recursion technique [Mookerjee, J. Phys. C 6, 1340 (1973)] formulated with the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital basis with the van Leeuwen--Baerends corrected exchange potential [Singh, Harbola, Hemanadhan, Mookerjee, and Johnson, Phys. Rev. B 93, 085204 (2016)]. This approach has been used to quantitatively analyze the effect of chemical disorder on the configuration averaged electronic properties and optical response of two-dimensional honeycomb siliphene ${\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{C}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$ beyond the usual Dirac-cone approximation. We predicted the quantitative effect of disorder on both the electronic structure and optical response over a wide energy range, and the results are discussed in the light of the available experimental and other theoretical data. Our proposed formalism may open up a facile way for planned band-gap engineering in optoelectronic applications.
Regression of intima media thickness and intima media area with blood pressure lowering by calcium channel blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (2000)

Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery is associated with many cardiovascular risk factors and predicts increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Preliminary evidence suggests that lowering of BP may reduce IMT and retard progression of atherosclerosis. It is not known if all classes of antihypertensive agents have similar protective effects on the vasculature. In this double blind single centre study, 69 previously untreated hypertensive patients were randomized to treatment with a calcium antagonist, amlodipine (A) (5–10mg daily, n=35), or to treatment with an ACE inhibitor, lisinopril (L) (5–20mg daily, n=34). Doxazosin (1–8 mg daily) and bendrofluazide (2.5–5 mg daily) were added as required so as to achieve a target clinic BP of less than 140 mm Hg systolic and less than 90 mm Hg diastolic. Non-invasive measurements of right and left distal CC IMT, lumen diameter (D), and intima media area (IMA) were made, using high resolution ultrasonography. Baseline CC IMT, D, IMA and BP did not differ between the two treatment groups. Mean differences (95% confidence intervals) from baseline at 14 weeks, 26 weeks and at study end are shown: (See Table) p<.05 between treatment difference. p<.05 between treatment difference. Despite similar BP lowering, previously untreated hypertensive patients treated with amlodipine showed earlier and greater regression of common carotid IMT than patients treated with lisinopril. However, carotid wall mass, as measured by IMA, was reduced to a similar extent in the two treatment groups. Vascular regression in the amlodipine treated patients was solely due to a reduction in wall thickness, whilst both IMT and vascular diameter decreased in those patients treated with lisinopril. It remains to be established whether the greater reduction in common carotid IMT achieved in amlodipine treated patients confers additional prognostic advantage.
Methylation of histone H3 in euchromatin of plant chromosomes depends on basic nuclear DNA content (2003)

Strong methylation of lysine 4 (K4) and low methylation of lysine 9 (K9) have been proposed as modifications of histone H3, typical for transcriptionally active euchromatin and the opposite for inactive heterochromatin. We have analysed the correlation between the global distribution of histone H3, methylated at either lysine 4 or lysine 9, and of microscopically detectable euchromatic or heterochromatic regions in relation to genome size for 24 plant species. Two different distribution patterns of methylated (K9)H3 (Met(K9)H3) were found that depend on genome size. For most species with small genomes (1C <500 Mbp), including Arabidopsis thaliana, strong methylation of (K9)H3 was restricted to constitutive heterochromatin. Species with larger genomes showed a uniform distribution of Met(K9)H3. Contrary to this and regardless of the genome size, methylated (K4)H3 (Met(K4)H3) was found to be enriched within the euchromatin of all species. Transcriptionally less active B chromosomes showed the same patterns as basic A chromosomes. We thus propose that large genomes with high amounts of dispersed repetitive sequences (mainly retroelements) have to silence these sequences and therefore display epigenetic modifications such as methylation of DNA and (K9)H3 also within euchromatic regions.
End-ischemic hypothermic oxygenated perfusion for extended criteria donors in liver transplantation: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial—HOPExt (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03929523. Registered on April 29, 2019, before the start of inclusion.
Re-induction using whole cell melanoma vaccine genetically modified to melanoma stem cells-like beyond recurrence extends long term survival of high risk resected patients - updated results (2018)

Central Evidence of Clinical Trials (EudraCT Number 2008-003373-40 ).
PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL ,8 - MANNOSIDASE PRODUCED BY A BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM SOIL (1989)

A gram positive bacterium isolated from soil was found to produce 8 -mannosidase that act on 0-,4 D-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-D-mannose in a cell-free extract The enzyme was partially purified from the cell-free extract to remove other glycosidase activities The opimum pH and temperature for the activity to ,4 -mannosidase was pH 6 5, and 40'C , respectively The enzyme was completely inhibited by Cu2+ and Hg2+, and strongly inhibited by the addition of mannose The enzyme almost completely hydrolyzed 0 8 D-mannopyranoslyl-(1-2)-D-mannose to mannose, but did not act on p-nitrophenyl8 -D-mannoside or 0 ,4 -
Bromo-Cyclobutenaminones as New Covalent UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (MurA) Inhibitors (2020)

Drug discovery programs against the antibacterial target UDP-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) have already resulted in covalent inhibitors having small three- and five-membered heterocyclic rings. In the current study, the reactivity of four-membered rings was carefully modulated to obtain a novel family of covalent MurA inhibitors. Screening a small library of cyclobutenone derivatives led to the identification of bromo-cyclobutenaminones as new electrophilic warheads. The electrophilic reactivity and cysteine specificity have been determined in a glutathione (GSH) and an oligopeptide assay, respectively. Investigating the structure-activity relationship for MurA suggests a crucial role for the bromine atom in the ligand. In addition, MS/MS experiments have proven the covalent labelling of MurA at Cys115 and the observed loss of the bromine atom suggests a net nucleophilic substitution as the covalent reaction. This new set of compounds might be considered as a viable chemical starting point for the discovery of new MurA inhibitors.
Calculation of Forward and Backward Arterial Waves by Analysis of Two Pressure Waveforms (2010)

We developed a technique to calculate forward and backward arterial waves from proximal and distal pressure waveforms. First, the relationship between the waveforms is represented with an arterial tube model. Then, the model parameters are estimated via least-squares fitting. Finally, the forward and backward waves are calculated using the parameter estimates. Thus, unlike most techniques, the arterial waves are determined without a more difficult flow measurement or an experimental perturbation. We applied the technique to central aortic and femoral artery pressure waveforms from anesthetized dogs during drug infusions, volume changes, and cardiac pacing. The calculated waves predicted an abdominal aortic pressure waveform measurement more accurately (2.4 mmHg error) than the analyzed waveforms (5.3 mmHg average error); reliably predicted relative changes in a femoral artery flow measurement (14.7% error); and changed as expected with selective vasoactive drugs. The ratio of the backward- to forward-wave magnitudes was 0.37 ± 0.05 during baseline. This index increased by ∼50% with phenylephrine and norepinephrine, decreased by ∼60% with dobutamine and nitroglycerin, and changed little otherwise. The time delay between the waves in the central aorta was 175 ± 14 ms during baseline. This delay varied by ±∼25% and was inversely related to mean pressure.
Effect of Oxygen on Phase Precipitation and Mechanical Functionality in Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (2010)

Oxygen plays very important roles in titanium and its alloys. Solute oxygen in titanium alloys leads to solid solution strengthening, suppressing the precipitation of the athermal omegaor orthorhombic martensite phase, enhancing the formation of the -case, etc. The proper using oxygen is effective to improve the mechanical functionalities of titanium alloys. However, the role of oxygen in titanium alloys is still not well understood. Therefore, the effect of oxygen on the mechanical functionalities such as strength-ductility balance, hardness, and Young’s modulus in Ti-29nb-13Ta-4.6Zr was investigated.
Insight into Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Cardboard for Biofuels Production (2016)

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of cardboard was carried out in a 300 mL Parr batch reactor using 5 wt % Ni(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, and NiCl2 in a temperature range of 225–300 °C for H2, biocrude, and bio-oil production. A slurry with cardboard to water weight ratio of 1:30, 1:10, 1:4, or 1:1.5 was loaded in the reactor and pressurized with N2 (40 or 200 psi). HTL was performed at various temperatures for 120 min. While HTL was in progress, gas samples were withdrawn periodically and analyzed by GC. The maximum H2 yield of 11.46 mL/g of cardboard was obtained using Ni(NO3)2 at 300 °C in 30 min. The percent liquefaction of biomass was quantified by TOC. The liquefaction yields were found to be dependent on reaction temperature, residence time, cardboard to water ratio, and operating pressure. The highest biocrude yield of 47.14% was observed at 275 °C in 30 min. Light bio-oil (LBO) and heavy bio-oil (HBO) were extracted by dichloromethane and acetone, respectively, and characterized by GC/MS and elemental analyzer. LBO contained mainly C4–C11 oxygenated hydrocarbons with a higher heating value (HHV) of 27.71 MJ/kg. HBO consisted of C17–C22 oxygenated compounds with a HHV of 29.62 MJ/kg.
Außergewöhnlich einfache enantioselektive Synthesen von chiralen hexa- und tetracyclischen Polyprenoiden sedimentären Ursprungs (1998)

Die Kupplung zwischen einem Sulfon- und einem Acylsilanfragment (siehe unten) bildet den ersten Schritt der außergewöhnlich kurzen, ersten Totalsynthesen zweier chiraler hexacyclischer Kohlenwasserstoffe, die aus dem aus dem Eozän stammenden Messel-Schiefer (Deutschland) isoliert wurden. Ebenso wie bei diesem Schritt kommt auch beim folgenden eine leistungsfähige Synthesetaktik zum Einsatz: die Polycyclisierung des zunächst gebildeten chiralen, mehrfach ungesättigten Oxirans. TBS = tBuMe2Si.
Multi-Task Model for Esophageal Lesion Analysis Using Endoscopic Images: Classification with Image Retrieval and Segmentation with Attention (2021)

The automatic analysis of endoscopic images to assist endoscopists in accurately identifying the types and locations of esophageal lesions remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task deep learning model for automatic diagnosis, which does not simply replace the role of endoscopists in decision making, because endoscopists are expected to correct the false results predicted by the diagnosis system if more supporting information is provided. In order to help endoscopists improve the diagnosis accuracy in identifying the types of lesions, an image retrieval module is added in the classification task to provide an additional confidence level of the predicted types of esophageal lesions. In addition, a mutual attention module is added in the segmentation task to improve its performance in determining the locations of esophageal lesions. The proposed model is evaluated and compared with other deep learning models using a dataset of 1003 endoscopic images, including 290 esophageal cancer, 473 esophagitis, and 240 normal. The experimental results show the promising performance of our model with a high accuracy of 96.76% for the classification and a Dice coefficient of 82.47% for the segmentation. Consequently, the proposed multi-task deep learning model can be an effective tool to help endoscopists in judging esophageal lesions.
A case study on the use of data mining for detecting and classifying abnormal power system modal behaviors (2019)

This article presents a case study involving data mining (DM) and the knowledge discovery (KD) process for the Western US power grid. With the installation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the US power systems, there is potential to improve wide-area situational awareness using data analytics. The KD process is challenging due to the complex nature of the power grid, data propriety issues, the file size of the time-series data, and questions of how to extract meaningful features. This case study demonstrates how the KD process can be implemented in light of these challenges to detect the anomalies of interest.
Laser micromachining of goldblack coatings (2006)

Goldblack deposits have been used as high-absorption coatings for thermal infrared detectors for a number of years, principally on large single, or few pixel detectors. We present a new technique that allows the benefits of goldblack to be applied to the current generation of small pixel silicon micromachined thermal infrared detectors.
Functionalization of 2′-amino-LNA with additional nucleobases (2009)

Thymin-1-yl-acetic acid and adenin-9-yl-acetic acid have been coupled to the N2'-atom of a 2'-amino-LNA thymine nucleoside, and these "double-headed" LNA monomers have been incorporated into oligodeoxyribonucleotides via their corresponding phosphoramidite derivatives. Oligonucleotides containing these modified nucleotides show in most cases increased thermal stability when forming duplexes with complementary DNA, even allowing multiple incorporations. Incorporation of "double-headed" LNA monomers in both strands also led to stable duplexes, however, no indication of Watson-Crick base pairing between the extra nucleobases could be found.
Effect of RF Pulse Duration on T2 Quantification Using Multi-Echo Spin Echo Sequences (2009)

Besides spin density, relaxation times (T1,T2) are the most basic intrinsic tissue parameters in MR imaging. Typically, a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse train is used as a gold standard for T2 quantification of tissues or pathologies of interest. It will be shown that finite RF effects may lead to a general overestimation of the true T2 value of tissues by 5-10% using multi-echo SE sequences.
Complex Catalysis, XLIX On the Coordination of Olefins and Secondary Amines at the Cationic [2,6‐Bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)pyridine]rhodium(I) Fragment [Rh(PNP)]+ ‐ Synthesis and Characterization of [Rh(PNP)(L)]X (L = Ethylene, Styrene, HNR2; X = BF4, PF6, CF3SO3) (1997)

Abstract The cationic rhodium(1) complexes [Rh(PNP)(C 2 H 4 )]X; X = BF 4 ( 1a ), PF 6 ( 1b ), CF 3 SO 3 ( 1c ) were prepared by addition of the tridentate ligand 2,6‐bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)pyridine (PNP) to a solution of [Rh(C 2 H 4 ) 2 (solv) 2 ]X (solv = acetone or THF) under ethylene. The complexes were characterized by IR and 1 H‐, 13 C‐, and 31 P‐NMR spectroscopy. The coordination of two ethylene molecules at the [Rh(PNP)] + fragment could be detected by dynamic proton resonance of a solution of 1a under free ethylene. The styrene complex [Rh(PNP)(styrene)]BF 4 ( 4 ) was obtained by substitution of the ethylene from 1a with an excess of styrene. The π coordination of C 2 H 4 and styrene in 1a and 4 respectively was confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The olefin complexes react with an excess of the secondary amine to give the corresponding amine complexes [Rh(PNP)(HNR 2 )]X; HNR 2 = piperidine ( 5 ), HNMe 2 ( 6 ), HNEt 2 ( 7 ). Conversly, the amine could be released from the amine complexes with an excess of ethylene at low temperature by the formation of the ethylene complex 1 .