gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the route discovery latency of wireless mesh networks (2005)

Designed and developed for military communications in their early stage, multi-hop wireless ad hoc network is attracting interest from commercial applications and becoming a research hot spot. Although the technology has been studied for about a decade, there still exist some problems to be solved. Route discovery latency for reactive routing protocols is one of them. In this paper, we propose a dynamic RTT-based algorithm which can dramatically reduce the route discovery latency. This algorithm can be generally applied to any source selection based reactive routing protocols. Our simulation study has also shown some interesting results about packet transmission time and route discovery latency in a contention-based channel like IEEE 802.11 which have not been discussed before.
Laser Acoustic Molten Metal Depth Sensing in Titanium (1999)

A noncontacting ultrasonic method has been investigated for probing the solidification front in molten titanium for the purposes of profiling the channel depth in plasma hearth re-melter. The method, known as Laser Ultrasonics, utilized a pulsed laser for generation of ultrasonic waves at the surface of a molten metal pool. The ultrasonic waves propagated into the liquid titanium reflected from the solidification front and the boundaries of the solid plug. A Fabry-Perot interferometer, driven by a second laser, demodulated the small displacements caused by the ultrasonic wave motion at the liquid surface. The method and results of measurements taken within a small research plasma melting furnace will be described. Successful results were obtained even directly beneath the plasma arc using this all optical approach.
Human Brain Evolution: A Question of Solving Key Nutritional and Metabolic Constraints on Mammalian Brain Development (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Brain Evolution in Hominins Need for A New Paradigm Brain Development Energy Requirements of the Brain Nutrients and Brain Function Brain-Selective Nutrients Critical Importance of Baby Fat in Humans Gene – Nutrient Interactions Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Peptide-based vaccines for cancer therapy (2014)

Interest for cancer vaccination started more than 30 years ago after the demonstration that both in animal models and later on in patients it is possible to generate anti-tumor immune responses. The clinical application of this knowledge, however, was disappointing. In this review we summarize results on peptides epitopes recognized by T cells that have been studied thanks to their easy synthesis and the lack of significant side effects when administered in-vivo. To improve the clinical efficacy, peptides were modified in their aminoacid sequence to augment their immunogenicity. Peptides vaccines were recently shown to induce a high frequency of immune response in patients that were accompanied by clinical efficacy. These data are discussed at the light of recent progression of immunotherapy caused by the addition of check-point antibodies thus providing a general picture of the potential therapeutic efficacy of the peptide-based vaccines and their combination with other biological agents.
FLASH: a fast look-up algorithm for string homology. (1993)

A key issue in managing today's large amounts of genetic data is the availability of efficient, accurate, and selective techniques for detecting homologies (similarities) between newly discovered and already stored sequences. A common characteristic of today's most advanced algorithms, such as FASTA, BLAST, and BLAZE is the need to scan the contents of the entire database, in order to find one or more matches. This design decision results in either excessively long search times or, as is the case of BLAST, in a sharp trade-off between the achieved accuracy and the required amount of computation. The homology detection algorithm presented in this paper, on the other hand, is based on a probabilistic indexing framework. The algorithm requires minimal access to the database in order to determine matches. This minimal requirement is achieved by using the sequences of interest to generate a highly redundant number of very descriptive tuples; these tuples are subsequently used as indices in a table look-up paradigm. In addition to the description of the algorithm, theoretical and experimental results on the sensitivity and accuracy of the suggested approach are provided. The storage and computational requirements are described and the probability of correct matches and false alarms is derived. Sensitivity and accuracy are shown to be close to those of dynamic programming techniques. A prototype system has been implemented using the described ideas. It contains the full Swiss-Prot database rel 25 (10 MR) and the genome of E. Coli (2 MR). The system is currently being expanded to include the complete Genbank database.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biological Variation of Myeloperoxidase (2007)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)1 has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. It is released from activated neutrophils at sites of vascular damage and has been shown to increase in atherosclerotic plaques before the onset of myocardial injury (1). Elevations in MPO occur independently of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other markers of inflammation, and it has been suggested as a marker of risk in patients who have high as well as low cardiac troponin T concentrations and who present with acute coronary syndrome (2).

We recruited 12 apparently healthy individuals, 10 women and 2 men with a mean age of 33 years (range 27–43) for estimation of the biological variation of MPO. None had a history of heart disease or any clinically apparent inflammatory processes. Serum samples were collected between 0800 and 1000 on the same day of the week, weekly for 5 weeks as described by Fraser and Harris (3). Venous blood was collected in plastic serum separator tubes. All samples were centrifuged after clotting and were stored …
Blood vessel segmentation for neck and head computed tomography angiography (2013)

This thesis presents tests and discussions evaluating different methods for doing automatic or semi automatic blood vessel segmentation on single CT data volumes of the head and neck. The two approaches being closest to accomplish this are a bone subtracting registration process, and a more advanced region growing combined with morphology.
Complexity L0-Penalized M-Estimation: Consistency in More Dimensions (2013)

We study the asymptotics in L2 for complexity penalized least squares regression for the discrete approximation of finite-dimensional signals on continuous domains—e.g., images—by piecewise smooth functions. We introduce a fairly general setting, which comprises most of the presently popular partitions of signal or image domains, like interval, wedgelet or related partitions, as well as Delaunay triangulations. Then, we prove consistency and derive convergence rates. Finally, we illustrate by way of relevant examples that the abstract results are useful for many applications.
Coordination Compounds in New Materials and in Materials Processing (1994)

Coordination compounds are found in new materials such as one-dimensional conductors and are also utilized as volatile precursors for the deposition of metal oxides in thin superconducting films or deposition of metal carbides or nitrides for refractory protective coatings and other applications. Coordination compounds have also proven to be useful precursors for the deposition under relatively mild conditions of high purity thin metal films for microelectronic applications. Historically, we consider Ni(CO)4 as the prototypical example discovered by Mond in 1898. Purely hydrocarbon complexes such as (η5-C5H5)Pt(CH3)3 can be decomposed initially at around 120 °C. in an atmosphere of H2 to give highly pure thin metal films of platinum metal. Deposition of electronically high-grade copper metal is achieved from precursors such as (hexafluoroacetylacetonate)Cu(cyclooctadiene) under vacuum conditions. The deposition of other metals is discussed including aluminum from the complex (Me3N)2AlH3 and mixed metal films such as PtGa2, PtGa, and CoGa from precursor coordination compounds.
A Master Curve for the Shear Degradation of Lubricating Greases with a Fibrous Structure (2018)

In this article, the mechanical aging behavior of lubricating greases with a fibrous structure is studied by aging fresh samples at controlled shear rates and temperatures in an in-house-made Couette aging machine. The rheological properties of fresh and aged samples were evaluated in a plate–plate rheometer. In the absence of oxygen, no chemical reactions occurred. The results showed that shear degradation is accelerated by increasing the temperature. This thermal effect can be described by an Arrhenius law. A grease aging master curve was created to describe the influence of shear and temperature on the mechanical aging of fibrous structured grease. Next, the model was validated using a conventional grease worker test. Finally, the model was applied to full ball bearings using an R0F + bearing test rig. The master curve forms an important contribution to the development of grease life models.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Geometric and Structural Isomers of 3,7-Dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienoic Acid. I (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of the Geometric and Structural Isomers of 3,7-Dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienoic Acid. IRichard H. Wiley, E. Imoto, R. P. Houghton, and P. VeeravaguCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 6, 1413–1416Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01491a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01491a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly(lactide acid) composites reinforced with fibers obtained from different tissue types of Picea sitchensis (2009)

Abstract Wood fibers vary in their properties across species, across trees of the same species, and within single trees. This work takes advantage of wood fibers reinforcing poly(lactic acid) composites that originate from different tissue types of the species Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis ). Fibers were prepared with high temperature thermo‐mechanical processing (TMP) from juvenile, mature, and compression wood tissues of Sitka spruce. Composites were made by solution casting with subsequent hot‐pressing. Thermal as well as mechanical properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile testing. The obtained results showed that the chemical and physical properties of different tissue‐type Sitka spruce fibers have significant effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of the Polylactic acid (PLA)/Sitka fiber composites. To increase interfacial compatibility between the hydrophilic fibers and the hydrophobic polymer matrix, the fibers were treated with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO), while PLA was modified with 4,4‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). It was found that PLA/Sitka composites treated with VTMO and MDI exhibited improved thermal and mechanical properties, compared to the unmodified control. The work also demonstrates that there is potential to improve biobased composites by utilizing the natural variability of wood fibers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and biological activity of pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]purine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and thiazole analogues. (1992)

Some series of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, pyrimido[2,1-b] [1,3]thiazine, thiazolo[3,2-a]purine, [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]purine, thiazolo[3,2-a][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, variously functionalized, were prepared. The compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antimycotic activity on a number of strains, namely: E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, S. faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Aspergillus sp., and for antiviral activity on Herpes simplex virus Type 1, Vesicular stomatitis virus and Coxsackievirus B5. The compounds proved to be devoid of activity against viruses and gram-negative bacteria, while some of them exhibited modest activity against gram-positive bacterial strains.
Interferon Induction by Viruses. IV. Sindbis Virus: Early Passage Defective-Interfering Particles Induce Interferon (1980)

SUMMARY We have shown that a single defective-interfering (DI) particle of early (5th) passage Sindbis virus induces maximal amounts of interferon in an 'aged' primary chick embryo cell. The capacity of such DI particles to induce interferon is inactivated by small amounts of u.v. radiation (1/e dose = 232 ergs/mm2). The 1/e dose for inactivation of the interferon-inducing capacity of infectious virus particles is 399 ergs/mm2 and for infectivity is 1010 ergs/mm2. Pre-treatment with interferon blocks formation of interferon in response to either DI or infectious virus particles. Our results suggest that Sindbis virus genes must be expressed to form the interferon inducer, which is presumably a molecule of double-stranded (ds)RNA. We postulate that for interferon induction, the genomic RNA which codes for genes G and A must be translated into products whose concerted action produces a dsRNA molecule upon synthesis of a segment of RNA complementary to the genome. The RNA from early passage DI particles is sufficiently large (25S, 1.6 × 106 mol. wt.) to accommodate these genes, whereas the RNA from the late passage DI particles (20S, 1.0 × 106 mol. wt.) is not. Late (15th) passage DI particles do not induce interferon formation.
Optimal discrete bit loading for DMT-based DSL systems with equal-length loops (2006)

This letter examines a discrete bit-loading problem of upstream and downstream for discrete multitone digital subscriber lines with echo cancellation. Both far-end crosstalk and near-end crosstalk are taken into account. An optimal discrete bit-loading algorithm is developed when the loop lengths of all same-service users in a common binder are the same. Simulation results show that the optimal algorithm achieves a substantially higher data rate than existing suboptimal schemes.
Age-dependent regulation of chromaffin cell proliferation by growth factors, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate (2007)

The adrenal gland comprises two endocrine tissues of distinct origin, the catecholamine-producing medulla and the steroid-producing cortex. The inner adrenocortical zone, which is in direct contact with the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, produces dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS). These two androgens exhibit potential effects on neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and neuronal stem cell proliferation. Unlike the closely related sympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells are able to proliferate throughout life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DHEA and DHEAS on proliferation of bovine chromaffin cells from young and adult animals. We demonstrated that graded concentrations of leukemia inhibitory factor induced proliferation of chromaffin cells from young animals, whereas EGF had no effect. On the contrary, EGF increased the cell proliferation in cells from adult animals, whereas leukemia inhibitory factor was inactive. In both cases, DHEA decreased the proliferative effect induced by the growth factors. Surprisingly, DHEAS enhanced, in a dose-dependent-manner, the effect of growth factors on proliferation in cells from adult animals but not from young animals. Flutamide, ICI 182,780, and RU 486 had no effect on the action of DHEA or DHEAS on chromaffin cell proliferation. These data show that DHEA and its sulfated form, DHEAS, differentially regulate growth-factor-induced proliferation of bovine chromaffin cells. In addition, the sensitivity of chromaffin cells to different growth factors is age-dependent. Furthermore, these two androgens may act through a receptor other than the classical steroid receptors.
Functionally Antagonistic Interactions between the TrkA and p75 Neurotrophin Receptors Regulate Sympathetic Neuron Growth and Target Innervation (1999)

In this report, we provide evidence that NGF and BDNF have functionally antagonistic actions on sympathetic neuron growth and target innervation, with NGF acting via TrkA to promote growth and BDNF via p75NTR to inhibit growth. Specifically, in cultured sympathetic neurons that themselves synthesize BDNF, exogenous BDNF inhibits and function-blocking BDNF antibodies enhance process outgrowth. Both exogenous and autocrine BDNF mediate this effect via p75NTR because (1) BDNF does not inhibit growth of neurons lacking p75NTR, (2) function-blocking p75NTR antibodies enhance NGF-mediated growth, and (3) p75NTR-/- sympathetic neurons grow more robustly in response to NGF than do their wild-type counterparts. To determine the physiological relevance of this functional antagonism, we examined the pineal gland, a well defined sympathetic target organ. BDNF is present in the pineal gland during target innervation, and incoming sympathetic axons are p75NTR positive. Moreover, the pineal glands of BDNF+/- and BDNF-/- mice are hyperinnervated with sympathetic fibers, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels are elevated. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase is also observed in the BDNF+/- carotid artery, another sympathetic neuron target. Thus, BDNF, made by sympathetic neurons and/or their target organs, acts via p75NTR to antagonize NGF-mediated growth and target innervation, suggesting that sympathetic target innervation is determined by the balance of positively and negatively acting neurotrophins present in developing and potentially mature targets.
Annotation of japanese response tokens and preliminary analysis on their distribution in three-party conversations (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new annotation scheme for Japanese response tokens (RTs), which is based on strict and consistent procedures. Our scheme consists of two-stage annotation, in which RTs are first identified and classified according to their forms and then further sub-classified based on their sequential positions. Six forms are included in our class of RTs: i) responsive interjections, ii) expressive interjections, iii) lexical reactive expressions, iv) repetitions, v) completions, and vi) assessments. Some of them bear an additional tag according to their sequential position in the discourse: i) first pair parts, ii) second pair parts, iii) sequence-closing thirds, iv) other responding turns, and v) unclassifiable positions. We apply our scheme to annotate a Japanese three-party conversation corpus, and present the results of a preliminary analysis on the distribution of RTs in the corpus.
The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) Undergoes Ectodomain Shedding and Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (RIP) (2013)

The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule originally characterized as a virus receptor but subsequently shown to be involved in physiological processes such as neuronal and heart development, epithelial tight junction integrity, and tumour suppression. Proteolysis of cell adhesion molecules and a wide variety of other cell surface proteins serves as a mechanism for protein turnover and, in some cases, cell signaling. Metalloproteases such as A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease (ADAM) family members cleave cell surface receptors to release their substrates' ectodomains, while the presenilin/ɣ-secretase complex mediates regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), releasing intracellular domain fragments from the plasma membrane. In the case of some substrates such as Notch and amyloid precursor protein (APP), the released intracellular domains enter the nucleus to modulate gene expression. We report that CAR ectodomain is constitutively shed from glioma cells and developing neurons, and is also shed when cells are treated with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. We identified ADAM10 as a sheddase of CAR using assays involving shRNA knockdown and rescue, overexpression of wild-type ADAM10 and inhibition of ADAM10 activity by addition of its prodomain. In vitro peptide cleavage, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis revealed the amino acids M224 to L227 of CAR as the site of ADAM10-mediated ectodomain cleavage. CAR also undergoes RIP by the presenilin/γ-secretase complex, and the intracellular domain of CAR enters the nucleus. Ectodomain shedding is a prerequisite for RIP of CAR. Thus, CAR belongs to the increasing list of cell surface molecules that undergo ectodomain shedding and that are substrates for ɣ-secretase-mediated RIP.
Lengthening and deformity correction in vascularized fibular autograft for a patient with Ewing sarcoma (2021)

We report the case of a pediatric patient with Ewing's sarcoma of the tibia treated with vascularized fibular autograft where the resulting limb deformity and leg length discrepancy (LLD) were corrected using Ilizarov external fixator. A 14-year-old girl presented to our outpatient clinic with a deformity of the right proximal and distal tibia and an 11.7 cm of LLD after tumor reconstruction surgery. Deformity correction and limb lengthening were simultaneously performed using double corticotomy on the right proximal and distal tibia. One year postoperatively, the union of the right proximal tibia had progressed, but nonunion was observed at the right distal corticotomy site. To address this, osteosynthesis with tricortical iliac bone allograft was performed after the removal of the Ilizarov external fixator. After 6 months, the union of the distal tibia was confirmed, and the varus deformity of proximal and distal tibia improved. The LLD was also decreased, but the left lower limb was still longer by 3 cm. This report shows that vascularized fibular autografts can potentially be used for the gradual correction of LLD and deformities. However, for the treatment of multiple deformities in bones previously reconstructed with vascularized fibular graft, the possibility of impaired bone forming potential of the fibular graft should be considered.
Fish processing wastewater: Production of internal carbon source for enhanced biological nitrogen removal (1995)

A plant treating fish processing wastewaters was monitored over one year to prove the practical advantages achievable through the internal production of RBCOD. A clear improvement of the effluent quality with lower NOx-N content and the disappearance of fluctuation of nitrates were obtained. Changing the equalization management from aerobic to anoxic, it was possible to utilise battered waste as internal carbon source. Plant reliability was confirmed during the entire observation period. The plant broke down twice electromechanically and it required more than 24 days to restore normal plant conditions. The advantages obtained overcome the risks associated with the new scheme adopted.