gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P166 The emerging role of airway clearance techniques in the treatment of interstitial lung disease (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) may develop airway abnormalities as part of their underlying condition, in response to fibrotic/tractional dilatation or as a result of repeated bronchiolar infection. While current practice guidelines recommend the provision of pulmonary rehabilitation for ILD patients, no other interventions have been endorsed. We assessed the symptomatic need of patients with ILD for airway clearance techniques (ACT’s) using a visual analogue scale, and whether, in those with fibrotic ILD, the presence of traction bronchiectasis was correlated with the need for ACT’s. <h3>Methods</h3> Over a 15-week period, data were prospectively collected on ILD patients who consented for detailed physiotherapy assessment and intervention. Those who reported a sensation of persistent secretion retention, frequent chest infections (&gt;2 in 6 months) or those with pre-existing airway disease had a full clearance assessment. The radiological presence or absence of traction bronchiectasis was noted, as was evidence of other airway pathology such as bronchiolitis. <h3>Results</h3> 30 ILD inpatients (16 females) were included in the study (Table 1). The commonest causes for admission were ILD staging (<i>n</i> = 10) and disease deterioration requiring intravenous treatment (<i>n</i> = 14). 27 patients (90%) required physiotherapy input and 11 patients (41%) required ACT’s. 9 patients had positive sputum microbiology; of these, 3 were first isolates. 7 of these 9 patients had traction bronchiectasis on CT acquired within 3 months of assessment. One patient did not undergo CT. The presence of traction bronchiectasis correlated with a higher sputum microbial yield (p &lt; 0.05) but not with a need for ACT (p &gt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Airway abnormalities are often not a principal therapeutic focus in ILD but symptoms related to mucostasis, recurrent infection and airflow limitation may be disabling. In this study, the majority of patients with positive microbiology had traction bronchiectasis. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the role of ACT’s in their management, this intervention improved the yield of specimens for microbial analysis and facilitated pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy. These findings suggest that a systematic physiotherapy approach including optimisation of airway clearance can benefit patients with parenchymal lung disease.
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) as drug targets: inhibitors of PTP-1B for the treatment of diabetes. (2000)

The phosphorylation of key proteins on tyrosine residues is an important part of many different intracellular signaling cascade mechanisms triggered by hormones and other agents. The deactivation of such signaling processes is catalyzed by protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and therefore inhibition of these enzymes is being explored in different indications as a means whereby signaling may be prolonged or even initiated in the absence of the triggering agent. In the case of the signaling cascade initiated by the activation of the insulin receptor, an important gene knockout study in mice has identified PTP-1B as a potential target for anti-diabetes therapy, and has thus made it a focus of attention for several groups. Recent advances in the structure-based design of potent and selective inhibitors of this enzyme are described, as well as some preliminary data for such inhibitors in animal models which, together with more recently published data from further studies on PTP-1B knockout mice and from antisense studies, illustrate the potential of this approach for the treatment of both Type I and Type II diabetes.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides Containing Reverse-Turn Mimetic Bicyclic Lactams (1999)

The solid-phase synthesis and characterization of a series of peptides (4–15) containing reverse-turn mimetic bicyclic lactams is reported. The bicyclic lactams (1a, 1b) possess high structural similarity to the two central residues of a β-turn. Amino acid conjugates of these bicyclic lactams were synthesized on solid supports following a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) protection strategy on Wang-Merrifield resin. Coupling between amino acids was accomplished by means of diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC)/hydroxyazabenzotriazole (HOAt). Coupling between amino acids and the mimics was performed with the potent Carpino's reagent O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU). The final compounds were cleaved from the resin and obtained as N-acetylated methyl esters or benzyl amides.
Dynamic Aqueous Multiphase Reaction System for One-Pot CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Molecular Diagnosis (2020)

Recently, CRISPR-Cas technology has opened a new era of nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics. However, current CRISPR-Cas-based nucleic acid biosensing has a lack of the quantitative detection ability and typically requires separate manual operations. Herein, we reported a dynamic aqueous multiphase reaction (DAMR) system for simple, sensitive and quantitative one-pot CRISPR-Cas12a based molecular diagnosis by taking advantage of density difference of sucrose concentration. In the DAMR system, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and CRISPR-Cas12a derived fluorescent detection occurred in spatially separated but connected aqueous phases. Our DAMR system was utilized to quantitatively detect human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 DNAs with sensitivities of 10 and 100 copies within less than 1 h. Multiplex detection of HPV16/18 in clinical human swab samples were successfully achieved in the DAMR system using 3D-printed microfluidic device. Furthermore, we demonstrated that target DNA in real human plasma samples can be directly amplified and detected in the DAMR system without complicated sample pretreatment. As demonstrated, the DAMR system has shown great potential for development of next-generation point-of-care molecular diagnostics.
Abstract 16269: Targeted Deletion of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (Txnip) Enhances Anaerobic Metabolism and Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Activity and Protects the Heart from Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (2010)

Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (Txnip) is a regulator of metabolism and an inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin, but little is known about roles of Txnip in the myocardium. We previously showe...
Oral fluid testing facilitates understanding of hepatitis A virus household transmission (2019)

The public health response to sporadic hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, hepatitis A, can be complex especially when the index case is a child and no obvious source is identified. Identifying an infection source may avoid mass immunisation within schools when transmission is found to have occurred within the household. Screening of asymptomatic contacts via venepuncture can be challenging and unacceptable, as a result non-invasive methods may facilitate public health intervention. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were developed to detect HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in oral fluid (ORF). A validation panel of ORF samples from 30 confirmed acute HAV infections were all reactive for HAV IgM and IgG when tested. A panel of 40 ORF samples from persons known to have been uninfected were all unreactive. Two hundred and eighty household contacts of 72 index cases were screened by ORF to identify HAV transmission within the family and factors associated with household transmission. Almost half of households (35/72) revealed evidence of recent infection, which was significantly associated with the presence of children ⩽11 years of age (odds ratio 9.84, 95% confidence interval: 2.74-35.37). These HAV IgM and IgG immunoassays are easy to perform, rapid and sensitive and have been integrated into national guidance on the management of hepatitis A cases.
Preventing lead poisoning in children. (1990)

protective effect should eventually be available from long- term follow-up ofthese cohorts.The US Public Health Service has estimated that 600,000 patients should be offered early treatment with zidovudine based on the findings of these two studies.Because of a reluctance to undergo HIV testing, many may be still un- aware that they are infected.Most patients with HIV infec- tion in this country became infected in the early 1980s.In view of the median interval of 9.5 years between the infec- tion with HIV and the development of AIDS, the medical profession has a relatively brief window of opportunity to implement any intervention that slows the progression of HIV disease.The two studies prove that zidovudine, while not invariably effective, when administered at an early stage of disease can have a definite impact.The new data make it a particularly opportune time for health professionals to focus on HIV risk assessment and testing with all of their patients and to specifically review histories of sexual activity, sub- stance abuse, and blood product transfusion.If physicians wait for the zidovudine package insert to be changed, they will deprive many patients of the opportunity to benefit from these new findings.
QoS-Aware Energy-Efficient Joint Radio Resource Management in Multi-RAT Heterogeneous Networks (2015)

A heterogeneous wireless network (HetNet), which combines multiple cooperating radio access technologies in an overlapping structure, is a communication system that has been recognized as an efficient way to meet the increasing traffic demand in broadband wireless networks. In this paper, we exploit the network cooperation in HetNets to propose two joint radio resource management (JRRM) schemes that improve energy savings while satisfying the system quality-of-service (QoS) performance requirements. First, we present an optimal QoS-aware energy-efficient JRRM scheme, which is formulated as a semi-Markov decision process model, and provide the optimal control policy for the HetNet under analysis. Second, we present an implementation-friendly QoS-aware energy-efficient JRRM scheme that utilizes a threshold on the macrocell radio resource occupancy to trigger the switching-on/off procedure of the base transceiver station resources, as well as a load-balancing procedure to minimize the service disruptions that may occur because of radio resource shortage and to reduce power consumption during the HetNet operation. This JRRM scheme is analyzed by means of a multidimensional continuous-time Markov chain model. Third, we devise an algorithm to determine the threshold setting in the implementation-friendly JRRM scheme according to a desirable power saving level that is prespecified by the mobile network operator. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes achieve substantial energy savings while keeping satisfactory performance levels.
Recombination of a dual-CAR-modified T lymphocyte to accurately eliminate pancreatic malignancy (2018)

A novel type of CAR-T cells, termed dCAR-T, was designed with specific activities, that is, significant cytotoxicity for two antigen-positive tumor cells yet no cytotoxicity for single antigen-positive tumor cells. Dual-targeted CAR-T cells can be precisely localized at the tumor site and can exert high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, alleviating "on-target, off-tumor" toxicity and enabling accurate application of CAR-T cell therapy.
Hydroxyalkylierungen von Cystein über das Enolat von (2R,5R)‐2(tert‐Butyl)‐1‐aza‐3‐oxa‐7‐thiabicyclo[3.3.0]octan‐4‐on und unter Selbstreproduktion des Ciralitätszentrums (1984)

Abstract Hydroxyalkylations of Cysteine through the Enolate of (2 R ,5 R )‐2( tert ‐Butyl)‐1‐aza‐3‐oxa‐7‐thiabicyclo[3.3.0]octan‐4‐one with Self‐Reproduction of the Center of Chirality The heterobicyclic compound 1 specified in the title is readily prepared as a single stereoisomer from ( R )‐cysteine, formaldehyde, and pivalaldhyde. While it is not possible to generate the enolate 10 from 1 qunatitatively – due to β‐elimination of thiolate (→6) – an in‐situ addition to aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehydes (→13–16) , pyrrol‐, furan‐, and thiophen‐2‐carbaldehydes (→17–19) , pyridine‐3‐carbaldehyde (→21) , as well as to other non‐enolizable aldehydes like cinnamaldehyde (→22) , can be achieved in yields of ca . 50%. The adducts ( 8 and 9 ) of lithium diisopropylamide or t ‐butoxide to these aldehydes are acting, probably as bases for deprotonation and as in‐situ sources of the electrophilic aldehyde species ( cf . 11, 12 ). ‐ Of the four possible diastereoisomeric products, one is usually formed with &gt;90% selectivity ( Table ). It is assumed that the preferred stereochemical course of the reaction corresponds to that observed previously with the analogous proline‐derived enolate (See 23,24 ). A chemical correlation with l ‐α‐methyl‐β‐phenylserine (25) proves the relative configuration of the benzaldehyde adduct 13 . All hydroxyalkylated products (13–19, 21, 22) are obtained as crystalline, diastereoisomerically pure compounds and are fully characterized. – The benzaldehyde derivative 13 was used to exemplify the various possible transformations of these products to monocyclic or acyclic amino‐acid derivatives such as the oxazolidionenes 26 and 29 (cleavage of the ring containing the S ‐atom), the thiazolidines 28 , 31 , and 32 (cleavage of the cyclic N,O‐acetal) and the α‐branched cysteine 27 and the phenylserines 25 and 30 (cleavage of both rings to give open‐chain aminoacids).
Polyphenols suppress oxidative stress in bovine articular chondrocytes (2012)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in chondrocyte senescence and cartilage aging, pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds (polyphenols), such as curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (grape), and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) (green tea) have been known for their anti‐inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. However, the potential protective effects of these polyphenols against oxidative stress in chondrocytes are unclear. To investigate this, bovine articular chondrocytes were pre‐treated with polyphenols at varying concentrations, and then exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as an ROS inducer or S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) as a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Alternatively, chondrocytes were co‐treated with polyphenols and H 2 O 2 . Intracellular ROS/NO were measured using a fluorescent dye technique (H 2 DCFDA for ROS; DAF‐FM for NO). Direct interaction between polyphenols and H 2 O 2 was analyzed by quantitative peroxide assay. Our results showed that polyphenol pre‐treatment inhibited both H 2 O 2 ‐induced ROS and SNAP‐induced NO in a dose dependent‐manner in chondrocytes. Polyphenol co‐treatment also inhibited both ROS and NO production in chondrocytes. Interestingly, our results indicate that all three polyphenols rapidly and completely blocked H 2 O 2 ‐induced ROS without significant direct effect on H 2 O 2 itself. Further, we found that only EGCG rapidly suppressed inducible NO production. These findings demonstrate that polyphenols are capable of suppressing inducible oxidative stress in chondrocytes, and suggest their potential therapeutic value for clinical application. Support: PA Commonwealth Dept of Health
A Review of High-Performance Quantum Dot Lasers on Silicon (2019)

Laser gain regions using quantum dots have numerous improvements over quantum wells for photonic integration. Their atom-like density of states gives them unique gain properties that can be finely tuned by changing growth conditions. The gain bandwidth can be engineered to be broad or narrow and to emit at a wide range of wavelengths throughout the near infrared. The large energy level separation of the dot states from the surrounding material results in excellent high-temperature performance and gain recovery at sub-picosecond timescales. The fact that the quantum dots are isolated from each other and act independently at inhomogeneously broadened wavelengths results in ultralow linewidth enhancement factors, highly stable broadband mode-locked lasers, single-section mode locking, and the possibility of reduced crosstalk between amplified signals at low signal injection and enhanced four-wave mixing at high signal injection. The high carrier confinement and areal dot density provide reduced sensitivity to crystalline defects allowing for long device lifetimes even when epitaxially grown on silicon at high dislocation densities.
On the bromination of thieno[c]‐fused 1,5‐naphthyridines and their isomeric N‐oxides using dibromoisocyanuric acid in fuming sulfuric acid (1994)

Abstract Thieno[2,3‐ c ]‐1,5‐naphthyridine ( 3 ), thieno[2,3‐ c ]1,5‐naphthyridine 5‐oxide ( 7 ), thieno[3,2‐ c ]‐1,5‐naphthyridine ( 5 ) and thieno[3,2‐ c ]‐1,5‐naphthyridine 5‐oxide ( 9 ) could conveniently be brominated at room temperature using dibromoisocyanuric acid in fuming sulfuric acid. Bromination occurred in good to moderate yields at the β position in the thiophene ring. Thieno[2,3‐ c ]‐1,5‐naphthyridine 9‐oxide ( 12 ) and thieno[3,2‐ c ]‐1,5‐naphthyridine 9‐oxide ( 13 ) also gave substitution in the thiophene ring at 95°. It was also found that 12 was deoxygenated under these reaction conditions. Direct oxidation of the brominated thieno[ c ]naphthyridines with m ‐chloroperbenzoic acid gave the 5‐oxides in high yield.
Hydrothermal treatment for preparation of europium-lanthanum phosphates and exploration of their fluorescence properties (2014)

Europium-substituted lanthanum phosphates (Eu; 5 mol%) were prepared from lanthanum nitrate, europium nitrate, and sodium polyphosphate solutions by a hydrothermal process at 120 and 160 °C up to 8 h. The obtained phosphates were studied using XRD, IR spectroscopy, TG–DTA, and SEM. UV–vis absorbance and reflectance, as well as fluorescence, were estimated as functional properties of these phosphate materials. We found that samples prepared without hydrothermal treatment were amorphous (as indicated by their XRD patterns), whereas those prepared by a hydrothermal treatment contained peaks corresponding to lanthanum orthophosphate, indicating that the hydrothermal process caused the polyphosphate(s) to decompose into orthophosphate(s). The TG–DTA curves of the samples prepared by a hydrothermal treatment were different from those of the samples prepared without hydrothermal treatment. All samples reported herein had no specified shape despite using prolonged hydrothermal treatment times. Although the samples prepared without hydrothermal treatment showed only weak fluorescence peaks, those prepared by a hydrothermal treatment showed strong peaks at 556, 590, 615, and 690 nm. These peaks corresponded to transitions from 5D0 to 7F0, 7F1, 7F2, and 7F4, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate that the hydrothermal treatment is a useful method of obtaining europium-substituted lanthanum phosphates with fluorescence properties.
Conference Report: 6Th Gcc Focus on Lba: Critical Reagents, Positive Controls And Reference Standards; Specificity For Endogenous Compounds; Biomarkers; Biosimilars (2012)

The 6th Global CRO Council for Bioanalysis (GCC) Closed Forum was held on 27 March 2012 in San Antonio, TX, USA, the day before the start of the 6th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis. The attendance consisted of 45 bioanalytical CRO senior-level representatives on behalf of 37 CRO companies/sites from six countries. In addition to following up on the issue of co-administered drugs stability and on recommendations regarding the European Medicines Agency guideline, this GCC Closed Forum discussed topics of current interest in the bioanalytical field with focus on ligand-binding assays, such as lot changes for critical reagents, positive controls and reference standards, specificity for endogenous compounds, qualification and validation of biomarker assays, approach for biosimilars and criteria for LC–MS assays of small versus large molecules.
Nanoimprinted Step-Edge Vertical-Channel Organic Transistors (2012)

Flexible and low-cost organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are desired for a variety of organic electronics. In this paper, we describe step-edge vertical-channel OFETs (SVC-OFETs) having excellent device performance fabricated by nanoimprint lithography and a self-aligned process. SVC-OFETs can be used to fabricate a submicron channel by forming the channel region around the step edge. The carriers flow in the vertical direction in the short channel along the step-edge structure. Both n- and p-channel FETs are also realized by a solution process.
[Percutaneous endocardial Nd-YAG laser energy: experimental studies of ablation of the ventricular myocardium]. (1991)

The in vitro and in vivo effects of endocardial laser ablation were assessed. Energy was supplied by a Nd-YAG laser (wavelength approximately 1064 nm) and transmitted via a quartz core fiber (phi: 0.4 mm) housed within a specially designed 7 F catheter. In vitro, the effects of increasing output power (5, 10, 20, 40 watt) and impulse duration (1, 2, 4, 8 s) on lesion size were assessed in myocardial preparations of canine hearts. Preparations were superfused with saline or blood, respectively; the distance of the optical fiber to the endocardium was 5 mm. Lesion size increased in diameter (range: 0-4.0 mm) and depth (range: 0-5.2 mm) in a power- and time-dependent manner. Superfusion with blood significantly enhanced the diameter of the lesions, whereas depth of the lesions significantly decreased. In 16 anesthetized mongrel dogs, a total of 52 laser impulses (output power: 10, 20, 40 w; impulse duration: 1, 2, 4 s; energy: 10-160 J) were delivered to apical and apico-inferior sites of the left ventricle. Postmortem, 40 lesions with a diameter of 2.6-19.4 mm and a depth of 3.7-16.2 mm were found. 19 lesions revealed central vaporized craters with a depth up to 11.2 mm. Perforation of the left ventricle occurred in two cases following 80 and 160 J, respectively. In vitro and in the intact animal (in apical and apico-inferior sites of the left ventricle) endocardial laser ablation is feasible to induce distinct myocardial lesions in a power- and time-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P46 Short segment Barrett??s esophagus defined by lower esophageal palisade vessels (2006)

Ogiya, Kazuo; Kawano, Tatsuyuki; Nagai, Kagami; Kojima, Kazuyuki; Yamada, Hiroyuki; Nishikage, Tetsuro; Inokuchi, Mikito; Nakajima, Yasuaki; Sekita, Yoshihisa; Kawada, Kenro; Tohkairin, Yutaka; Tanaka, Koji; Hayashi, Mikiko; Haruk, ShigeoAuthor Information
Predicting Outcomes after Renal Transplantation — New Tools and Old Tools (2003)

More than 90 percent of renal allografts transplanted today will still be functioning one year from now. This rate represents a remarkable improvement over one-year graft-survival rates of 70 percent in 1990.1 Despite this improvement in short-term success, which reflects the use of better immunosuppressive medications and the specialized management provided by the teams that care for patients with renal transplants, the long-term deficiencies of the current approaches are increasingly apparent: undesirable side effects of immunosuppressive medications and the inexorable loss of grafts due to chronic rejection. The current reality is that allograft failure is one of the four most . . .