gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PI3K/Akt pathway regulates retinoic acid‐induced Hox gene expression in F9 cells (2014)

Retinoic acid (RA), the most potent natural form of vitamin A, is a key morphogen in vertebrate development and a potent regulator of both adult and embryonic cell differentiation. Specifically, RA regulates clustered Hox gene expression during embryogenesis and is required to establish the anteroposterior body plan. The PI3K/Akt pathway was also reported to play an essential role in the process of RA-induced cell differentiation. Therefore, we tested whether the PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in RA-induced Hox gene expression in a F9 murine embryonic teratocarcinoma cells. To examine the effect of PI3K/Akt signaling on RA-induced initiation of collinear expression of Hox genes, F9 cells were treated with RA in the presence or absence of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and time-course gene expression profiles for all 39 Hox genes located in four different clusters-Hoxa, Hoxb, Hoxc, and Hoxd-were analyzed. Collinear expression of Hoxa and -b cluster genes was initiated earlier than that of the -c and -d clusters upon RA treatment. When LY294002 was applied along with RA, collinear expression induced by RA was delayed, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway somehow regulates RA-induced collinear expression of Hox genes in F9 cells. The initiation of Hox collinear expression by RA and the delayed expression following LY294002 in F9 cells would provide a good model system to decipher the yet to be answered de novo collinear expression of Hox genes during gastrulation, which make the gastrulating cells to remember their positional address along the AP body axis in the developing embryo.
Discovery of Novel Pseudomonas putida Flavin-Binding Fluorescent Protein Variants with Significantly Improved Quantum Yield (2020)

Oxygen-independent, flavin-binding fluorescent proteins (FbFPs) are emerging as alternatives to green fluorescent protein (GFP), which has limited applicability in studying anaerobic microorganisms, such as human gastrointestinal bacteria, which grow in oxygen-deficient environments. However, the utility of these FbFPs has been compromised because of their poor fluorescence emission. To overcome this limitation, we have employed a high-throughput library screening strategy and engineered an FbFP derived from <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (SB2) for enhanced quantum yield. Of the resulting SB2 variants, KOFP-7 exhibited a significantly improved quantum yield (0.61) compared to other reported engineered FbFPs, which was even higher than that of enhanced GFP (EGFP, 0.60), with significantly enhanced tolerance against a strong reducing agent.
Interleaved Resonant Boost Inverter Featuring SiC Module for High-Performance Induction Heating (2016)

Induction heating (IH) has become the technology of choice in many industrial, domestic, and medical applications due to its high efficiency and performance. This paper proposes an interleaved resonant boost inverter featuring SiC three-phase module to achieve high efficiency and performance IH power supply. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency by reducing the current through the devices, while the use of an interleaved full-bridge configuration reduces input current ripple and provides additional control degrees. The proposed converter has been designed, implemented, and tested experimentally, proving the feasibility of this proposal.
Numerical Simulations on mode S growth over feltmetal and regular porous coatings of a Mach 5.92 flow (2011)

The stabilization effect of porous coating on hypersonic boundary-layer flows has been studied by theoretical analyses, experiments, and numerical simulations. However, most of the previous work considered either felt-metal porous coating or regular porous coating. Comparison of the two types of porous coatings was only done in experiments. In this paper, mode S growth over felt-metal and regular porous coatings of a Mach 5.92 flow is obtained by numerical simulations to study the effect of different porous coatings. The results show that the two types of porous coatings both destabilize mode S in Mack’s first mode region. When mode S propagates into Mack’s second mode region, porous coatings initially stabilize it before destabilizing it further downstream. At approximately the same porosity, regular porous coating is weaker in first mode destabilization, initial second mode stabilization, and downstream second mode destabilization. In addition, the wall-normal velocity disturbance induced by regular porous coating is significantly weaker than that induced by felt-metal porous coating. For regular porous coating, decreasing of porosity leads to even weaker first mode destabilization, initial second mode stabilization, downstream second mode destabilization, and wall-normal velocity disturbance on the surface. Further studies are needed for the exact mechanism behind the complex effect of porous coating on mode S in Mack’s second mode region.
<title>A mismatch characterization and simulation environment for weak-to-strong inversion CMOS transistors</title> (2005)

Mismatch analysis and simulation is crucial for modern analog design with submicron technologies, where transistors tend to be biased in weak and moderate inversion regions because of the down shrinking of power supply voltage. For optimum analog design where speed, power consumption, area, noise, and accuracy need to be carefully traded off, it is crucial to have available a precise estimation of transistor mismatch in order to avoid overdesign and consequently sacrify unnecessarily speed, power consumption, and area. In this paper we will provide experimental mismatch measurements of different 0.35um CMOS technologies. Each technology has been characterized for a large number of transistor sizes (25-30), by sweeping different width and length values. A large number of transistor curves are measured ranging over different possible biasing conditions. A recent mismatch model will be used to fit the data, and extract electrical parameters. Some of those parameters will be used to adjust the measured mismatch. As a result, a set of standard deviations and correlation coefficients result for the statistical characterization of the mismatch responsible parameters. The resulting electrical parameters, and statistical mismatch parameters are then used in the Spectre simulator of Cadence design environment, to implement the mismatch models using the AHDL behavioral level Spectre description language. The paper shows good agreement between measured data, predicted data, and simulated data.
Clinical Outcome of Patients with Wegener’s Granulomatosis Treated with Plasma Exchange (2002)

We report the clinical course of 29 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) treated with plasma exchange (PE) in Norway in the period from 1988 to 1999. Median follow-up was 41.5 months. The mean number of exchanges was 8.5 +/- 5.8 (range 2-32). Median serum creatinine concentration was 400 micromol/l (range 90-1,356) and 17 patients were dialysis dependent at presentation. Two- and five-year patient survival was 75 and 71%, respectively, and renal (ESRD-free) survival was 74 and 54%, respectively. Seven (50%) of the 14 patients alive in the dialysis group had discontinued dialysis within the first month, and 6 (50%) of 12 patients alive at follow-up had independent renal function. No patients, however, had normal serum creatinine concentration. Median time until development of ESRD for patients presenting with a need for dialysis was approximately 32 months. The development of ESRD in 79 patients treated with immunosuppression alone was significantly lower, but when adjusted for serum creatinine there was no difference between patients treated with or without PE. Although a considerable fraction of patients with WG and severe renal involvement regain independent renal function, few will have normal serum creatinine concentration at follow-up, despite the addition of PE as adjunctive therapy.
Evaluation of a Contact Lens-Embedded Sensor for Intraocular Pressure Measurement (2010)

The CL sensor was comparable to HH and DCT sensors with sitting subjects and is a viable method for measuring IOP and OPA. Supine measurements of IOP and OPA were greater than sitting conditions and were comparatively lower with the CL sensor. HH measurements were more variable than CL measurements and this influenced the Limits of Agreement for both sitting and supine conditions.
Supplementary Figure 2 from <i>NOTCH</i> Signaling Is Required for Formation and Self-Renewal of Tumor-Initiating Cells and for Repression of Secretory Cell Differentiation in Colon Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from &lt;i&gt;NOTCH&lt;/i&gt; Signaling Is Required for Formation and Self-Renewal of Tumor-Initiating Cells and for Repression of Secretory Cell Differentiation in Colon Cancer
Effects of metal salts on polymerization. Part II. Polymerization of vinylpyridine complexed with the group IIb metal salts (1966)

Abstract The following stoichiometric vinylpyridine complexes have been prepared: (4‐VP) 2 —Zn(SCN) 2 , (2‐VP) 2 —Zn(SCN) 2 , (MVP) 2 —Zn(SCN) 2 , (MVP) 2 —ZnCl 2 , (MVP) 2 —ZnBr 2 , (MVP) 2 —ZnI 2 , and (MVP) 2 —HgCl 2 , where 4‐VP, 2‐VP, and MVP denote 4‐vinylpyridine, 2‐vinylpyridine, and 2‐methyl‐5‐vinylpyridine, respectively. Results of radical polymerization initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile indicate that the effect of complex formation between the monomers and the metal salts is to enhance the rate of polymerization with the exception of the 2‐VP complex. The R p for the solution polymerization in dimethylformamide increases in the following order: ( 1 ) (MVP) 2 —Zn‐(SCN) 2 &gt; (MVP) 2 ‐ZnCl 2 &gt; (MVP) 2 —ZnBr 2 &gt; (MVP) 2 —ZnI 2 &gt; free MVP; ( 2 ) (4‐VP) 2 —Zn(SCN) 2 &gt; (MVP) 2 —Zn(SCN) 2 &gt; free MVP &gt; (2‐VP) 2 —Zn(SCN) 2 ; and ( 3 ) MVP + Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 &lt; MVP + Cd(CH 3 COO) 2 . When ethanol, acetone, or tetrahydrofuran is used as solvent, the change in R p is more marked, partly due to insolubility of the PMVP complexed with the metal salts. The increase in R p would be attributed to the change in k p since the molecular weights of PMVP are nearly proportional to R p when (MVP) 2 —ZnX 2 where X is Cl − , Br − , I − , or SCN − is polymerized in DMF under fixed conditions. Copolymerizations of MVP—ZnX 2 complexes (where X is Cl − , Br − , I − , or CH 3 COO − ) with styrene indicate that the e values of complexed MVP are more positive than that of free vinylpyridine, and the amounts of the positive shift in e values increase with decreasing polarizability of the halide anions. These results are discussed in terms of the charge‐transfer properties of anions, the nature of coordination bonds, and the structures of vinylpyridines. The complexed monomers are hardly polymerized by a cationic or an anionic mechanism. Radiation‐induced solid‐state polymerization gives polymers in low yields.
Immune Cells in a Mouse Airway Model of Obliterative Bronchiolitis (1998)

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), a form of chronic lung rejection, affects 50% of all lung-transplant recipients and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We used the mouse tracheal allograft model of OB to quantitate inflammatory cells during disease progression to evaluate the pathogenesis of this disorder. Tracheas of BALB/c mice were implanted into C57BL/6, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and BALB/c mice. Cyclosporin was administered at 25 mg/kg/d. Grafts were harvested at 2, 6, 10, and 15 wk, and analyzed immunohistochemically. Tracheal allografts developed epithelial injury and cellular infiltrates at 2 wk, epithelial denudation and complete luminal obliteration at 6 wk, and dense collagenous scarring by 15 wk. SCID allografts and isografts demonstrated intact epithelium throughout, although a mononuclear infiltrate was initially present at 2 wk in the SCID allografts. Immunohistochemical staining, using antibodies to mouse CD4(+) (T-helper lymphocyte), CD8(+) (T-cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocyte), and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and myofibroblasts, revealed large numbers of macrophages and CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes in allografts at 2 wk, compared with isografts. The allograft CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was 0.75 at 2 wk. Allografts demonstrated macrophage, myofibroblast, and CD4(+) predominance at 6 and 10 wk (CD4(+)/CD8(+) = 2/1), but by 15 wk had minimal cellularity and were densely scarred. SCID allografts demonstrated a macrophage-predominant infiltrate at 2 wk, with minimal cellularity at later time points. These results indicate that: (1) OB is predominantly an immunologic airway injury; and (2) CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and macrophages play an important role in the evolution of airway inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, this model suggests that chronic airway fibrosis follows a period of intense airway-directed, cell-mediated rejection.
Altered chemistry of oxygen and iron under deep Earth conditions (2019)

A drastically altered chemistry was recently discovered in the Fe-O-H system under deep Earth conditions, involving the formation of iron superoxide (FeO<sub>2</sub>Hx with x = 0 to 1), but the puzzling crystal chemistry of this system at high pressures is largely unknown. Here we present evidence that despite the high O/Fe ratio in FeO<sub>2</sub>Hx, iron remains in the ferrous, spin-paired and non-magnetic state at 60-133 GPa, while the presence of hydrogen has minimal effects on the valence of iron. The reduced iron is accompanied by oxidized oxygen due to oxygen-oxygen interactions. The valence of oxygen is not -2 as in all other major mantle minerals, instead it varies around -1. This result indicates that like iron, oxygen may have multiple valence states in our planet's interior. Our study suggests a possible change in the chemical paradigm of how oxygen, iron, and hydrogen behave under deep Earth conditions.
Direct control of simulated nonhuman characters. (2014)

A proposed system lets users directly control simulated self-propelled characters. Users drag a mouse to guide the character, while a physics simulation determines the motion. On the basis of the user input, the system computes an actuator command that causes the character to follow the user's intention as closely as possible while respecting the underlying physics. This direct control can be more intuitive than methods such as controlling character joints to track a given joint trajectory or using keyframes, especially when physically plausible dynamic motions are desired. With the system, users have created realistic motions of various kinds of characters, including rigid characters, characters with deformable bodies and rigid skeletons, and self-locomoting characters whose bodies form closed loops. The Web extras are screen-captured demos of algorithms for creating dynamic motions on various kinds of characters, and the resulting character animations. You can also view the videos on YouTube here: Part 1, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aD891Qub8kU; Part 2, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tqUDijvzZc.
Method to improve the performance of the adaboost algorithm by combining weak classifiers (2008)

The weak classifier of AdaBoost algorithm is a central classification element that uses a single criterion separating positive and negative learning candidates. Finding the best criterion to separate two feature distributions influences learning capacity of the algorithm. A common way to classify the distributions is to use the mean value of the features. However, positive and negative distributions of Haar-like feature as an image descriptor are hard to classify by a single threshold. The poor classification ability of the single threshold also increases the number of boosting operations, and finally results in a poor classifier. This paper proposes a weak classifier that uses multiple criterions by adding the standard deviation (STD) of the positive candidate distribution with the conventional mean classifier: the positive distribution has low variation and the values are closer to the mean while the negative distribution has large variation and values are widely spread. The difference in the STD for the positive and negative distributions is used as an additional criterion. In the learning procedure, we use a new classifier that provides a better classifier between them by selective switching between the mean and standard deviation. We call this new type of combined classifier the ldquoMixed Weak Classifierrdquo. The proposed weak classifier is more robust than the mean classifier alone and decreases the number of boosting operations to be converged.
Positional isomers of mannose–quinoline conjugates and their copper complexes: exploring the biological activity (2018)

Mannoconjugates show significant antibacterial activity. A regioisomer shows antiproliferative activity with copper(<sc>ii</sc>) ions.
Application of Falling Weight Deflectometer Data for Analysis of Superheavy Loads (1996)

Permitting superheavy loads may increase the rate of pavement damage and the cost of maintenance. An analysis of a proposed superheavy load route (FM519) to evaluate the potential pavement damage caused by a planned superheavy load move is presented. Falling weight deflection (FWD) tests and backcalculations of layer moduli were performed on the FM519. FWD tests and backcalculation of layer moduli were performed on the pavement before and after the superheavy load was moved. ELSYM5 and BISAR were used to evaluate the pavement responses using the backcalculated layer moduli from FWD data. The predictions of surface deflections from ELSYM5 and BISAR were close to (within 10 percent of) the measured deflections from FWD tests. The FWD data and analyses show that the existing pavement structure is adequate for the planned superheavy load move. Finally, the permit was issued with the condition that the transport vehicle should be kept within the travel lanes and away from the shoulder whenever possible. FWD tests were conducted after the superheavy load move and comparisons with before superheavy load move were made. T-tests were performed to check for significant difference at the 95 percent confidence level. T-tests showed that there is no significant difference between before and after superheavy load move. Also, no significant distresses due to this superheavy load were observed after the move, and the pavement condition is consistent with the analysis performed to issue the permit.
Sleep estimates in children: parental versus actigraphic assessments (2011)

The description of a child's sleep by the parent appears appropriate as far as symptoms are concerned, but does not result in a correct estimate of sleep onset or duration. We advocate combined parental and actigraphic assessments in the evaluation of sleep complaints, particularly to rule out misperceptions and potentially to aid treatment. Actigraphy provides a more reliable tool than parental reports for assessing sleep in healthy children and in children with sleep problems.
Evaluation of integrated human resource programs (1995)

Human resource programs are evaluated by comparing the productivity of individuals who have benefited from a specific program to the productivity of similar individuals who have not had this benefit.To implement such an evaluation may require a model of the demand of households and individuals for several distinct forms of human capital, of how public agencies and private firms work with households to produce these forms of human capital, and of how these investments increase the lifetime productivity of individuals and thereby contribute to economic growth and socio-demographic development.This paper proposes to estimate an integrated wage function that provides the policymaker with a basic tool for simulating the private and social returns to human resource stocks, specifically those in schooling, vocational experience, child nutrition, migration, adult health and nutrition and family planning.
Based on WEB+EXCEL Model to Achieve Statements Collection System Agile Methods (2011)

Develop a statement collection application system often cycle is long,is difficult.This paper based on Web + Excel model realize rapid agility of statements collection system development and deployed.This paper introduces the realization of the model and the way of thinking,and the design method with other design patterns are compared.
Magnetoresistance and Structural Characterization of Electrospun La1−xSrxMnO3 Nanowire Networks (2019)

Nanowire network fabrics of La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) with different doping levels x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 were fabricated by means of electrospinning. The resulting nanowires are up to 100 μm long with a mean diameter of about 230 nm. The nanowires form a nonwoven fabric-like arrangement, allowing to attach electric contacts for magnetoresistance (MR) measurements. The resistance in applied magnetic fields and the MR effect were measured in the temperature range 2 K &lt; T &lt; 300 K in magnetic fields up to 10 T applied perpendicular to the sample surface. An MR ratio of about 70% is obtained for x = 0.2 at 10 T applied field and T = 20 Kr. The highest low-field MR of 5.2% (0.1 T) is obtained for the sample with x = 0.2. Magnetization measurements reveal the soft magnetic character of the samples. A thorough analysis of the microstructure of these nanowire networks is performed including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Purification and Properties of Acid Carboxypeptidase II fromAspergillus oryzae (1972)

Acid carboxypeptidase II from Aspergillus oryzae was purified from the rivanol non-precipitated fraction. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme lay at pH 3.0 for carbobenzoxy-L-glutamyl-l-tyrosine. The enzyme was inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and SH reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and monoiodoacetate, but not by such metal chelating agents as ethylenediaminetetraacetate, α, α′-dipyridyl and o-phenanthroline. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 105,000.
Permafrost variability over the Northern Hemisphere based on the MERRA-2 reanalysis (2019)

Abstract. This study introduces and evaluates a comprehensive, model-generated dataset of Northern Hemisphere permafrost conditions at 81 km2 resolution. Surface meteorological forcing fields from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis were used to drive an improved version of the land component of MERRA-2 in middle-to-high northern latitudes from 1980 to 2017. The resulting simulated permafrost distribution across the Northern Hemisphere mostly captures the observed extent of continuous and discontinuous permafrost but misses the ecosystem-protected permafrost zones in western Siberia. Noticeable discrepancies also appear along the southern edge of the permafrost regions where sporadic and isolated permafrost types dominate. The evaluation of the simulated active layer thickness (ALT) against remote sensing retrievals and in situ measurements demonstrates reasonable skill except in Mongolia. The RMSE (bias) of climatological ALT is 1.22 m (−0.48 m) across all sites and 0.33 m (−0.04 m) without the Mongolia sites. In northern Alaska, both ALT retrievals from airborne remote sensing for 2015 and the corresponding simulated ALT exhibit limited skill versus in situ measurements at the model scale. In addition, the simulated ALT has larger spatial variability than the remotely sensed ALT, although it agrees well with the retrievals when considering measurement uncertainty. Controls on the spatial variability of ALT are examined with idealized numerical experiments focusing on northern Alaska; meteorological forcing and soil types are found to have dominant impacts on the spatial variability of ALT, with vegetation also playing a role through its modulation of snow accumulation. A correlation analysis further reveals that accumulated above-freezing air temperature and maximum snow water equivalent explain most of the year-to-year variability of ALT nearly everywhere over the model-simulated permafrost regions.