gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracranial repair of a divided trochlear nerve (1998)

The authors report the case of a 37-year-old woman in whom the trochlear nerve was transected during removal of a meningioma in the cavernous sinus and subsequently repaired by using microsurgical techniques. This patient presented with a tumor in the posterior part of the right cavernous sinus with expansion over the tentorium. Preoperatively, she suffered from partial deficit of the right trochlear nerve. Intraoperatively, the trochlear nerve was noted to be completely encased by the tumor and was totally divided during removal of the lesion. After tumor resection, the trochlear nerve was repaired by using a sural nerve fascicle secured with sutures and fibrin glue. Six months after the operation, trochlear nerve regeneration became evident as the patient's binocular vision gradually improved. The patient regained normal functioning of the superior oblique muscle 3.5 years after surgery. It is concluded that repair of a divided trochlear nerve is worthwhile and can be followed by successful regeneration and an excellent functional recovery of the superior oblique muscle.
Morphology Evolution of γ′ Precipitates during Isothermal Exposure in Wrought Ni-Based Superalloy Inconel X-750 (2017)

The morphological evolution of γ′ precipitates and lattice misfit with isothermal aging were closely investigated in wrought Ni-based superalloy Inconel X-750. The γ′ morphology dramatically changes in terms of shape, distribution, coalescence and coherency at the γ/γ′ interface. These processes and their dependence on temperature are summarized as a γ′ morphology map together with a time–temperature–precipitation (TTP) diagram through quantifying relevant morphological parameters. The lattice misfit was measured by X-ray diffraction and is positive; it decreases from 0.6% at room temperature to 0.1% at the aging temperature. These results suggest that the morphological changes of the γ′ precipitates are attributable to very low lattice misfit, the interaction of the elastic field, the volume fraction of the precipitates and incoherence in γ/γ′ interface.
Novel biological and chemical methods of chitin extraction from crustacean waste using saline water (2015)

Abstract BACKGROUND Several techniques have been proposed to recover chitin from shrimp waste using large amounts of freshwater and chemicals. The standard chemical recovery of chitin was first compared by replacing fresh water with seawater. In addition, a biotechnological process with Bacillus subtilis ( B1 ) and Bacillus licheniformis ( B2 ) using seawater during all steps of chitin extraction was studied. RESULTS The demineralization rate ( DM ) was statistically significant when using seawater ( P= 0.000020) and chemical recovery in comparison with deproteinization ( DP ). Increasing HCl concentration (from 1 to 1.28 mol L −1 ) and reaction time (from 60 to 90 min) resulted in DM similar to fresh water ( P &gt;0.05). Highest DP rates were obtained with crude protease ( B1 ; DP ≈74%) and ( B2 : DP ≈84%), when fermentation was carried out for 24 h at an enzyme/substrate ratio of 2. Maximum DP was reached (≈79% for B1 and ≈ 82% for B2 ) after 15 days, while DM ranged between 55 and 60%. CONCLUSION Combined enzymatic DP (with B2 ) followed by a chemical DM process was used to produce chitin ( DP ≈84%, DM ≈94%) which, on transformation to chitosan, showed a degree of deacetylation equivalent to ≈ 71%. This combined approach using seawater could transform crustacean waste into chitin products of commercial value. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
<title>Temperature dependence homogeneous broadening and gain recovery dynamics in InGaAs quantum dots</title> (2002)

We present temperature-dependent measurements of the dephasing time in the ground-state transition of strongly-confined InGaAs quantum dots, using a highly sensitive four-wave mixing technique. At low temperature we measure a dephasing time of several hundred picoseconds. Between 7 and 100 K the polarization decay has two distinct components resulting in a non-Lorentzian lineshape with a sharp zero-phonon line and a broad band from elastic exciton-acoustic phonon interactions. We also explore the dephasing time beyond the one exciton occupation, by electrically injecting carriers. Electrical injection into the barrier region results in a dominantly pure dephasing of the excitonic ground-state transition. Once the injected carriers have filled the electronic ground state, additional filling of the excited states creates multiexcitons that show a fast dephasing due to population relaxation.
Optimization of a fully 3D single scatter simulation algorithm for 3D PET (2004)

We describe a new implementation of a single scatter simulation (SSS) algorithm for the prediction and correction of scatter in 3D PET. In this implementation, out of field of view (FoV) scatter and activity, side shields and oblique tilts are explicitly modelled. Comparison of SSS predictions with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data from uniform, line and cold-bar phantoms showed that the code is accurate for uniform as well as asymmetric objects and can model different energy resolution crystals and low level discriminator (LLD) settings. Absolute quantitation studies show that for most applications, the code provides a better scatter estimate than the tail-fitting scatter correction method currently in use at our institution. Several parameters such as the density of scatter points, the number of scatter distribution sampling points and the axial extent of the FoV were optimized to minimize execution time, with particular emphasis on patient studies. Development and optimization were carried out in the case of GSO-based scanners, which enjoy relatively good energy resolution. SSS estimates for scanners with lower energy resolution may result in different agreement, especially because of a higher fraction of multiple scatter events. The algorithm was applied to a brain phantom as well as to clinical whole-body studies. It proved robust in the case of large patients, where the scatter fraction increases. The execution time, inclusive of interpolation, is typically under 5 min for a whole-body study (axial FoV: 81 cm) of a 100 kg patient.
Efficacy of the antiphospholipid score for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome and its predictive value for thrombotic events (2011)

The aPL-S is a useful quantitative index for diagnosing APS and may be a predictive marker for thrombosis in autoimmune diseases.
A firmer understanding of muscle fibrosis (2012)

![Figure][1] 

Muscle from an aged mdx mouse (left) contains large collagen deposits (red), but these are reduced when miR-21 is inhibited (right).



Ardite et al. describe how increased production of a microRNA leads to progressive muscle deterioration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Impact of calcification on percutaneous coronary intervention: MACE‐Trial 1‐year results (2019)

URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01930214. Unique Identifier: NCT01930214.
Transient Performance of Separated Flows: Experimental Characterization of Flow Detachment Dynamics (2019)

Abstract The operation of compact power units at low Reynolds environments is constrained by the boundary layer detachment in the low pressure turbines stages. Flow separation is prompt by the lack of momentum on the near wall region when exposed to adverse pressure gradients. Transient flow conditions or periodic flow perturbations induced to the near wall flow may delay or prevent the flow detachment. The present investigation experimentally analyzes the behavior of separated flows based on ad-hoc wall mounted hump. The test article mimics the performance of the aft portion of the suction side of a low pressure turbine where flow separation occurs at low Reynolds and fully attached flow takes place at high Reynolds. The inception of separated flow under sudden flow release was investigated in a linear wind tunnel. The extension of the separated region and its transient development was monitored through surface pressure and temperature measurements and hotwire traverses. The inlet flow conditions to the test article were interrogated with total pressure, total temperature and hotwire traverses. A fast opening valve upstream of the settling chamber was sequentially actuated at low frequency to study the behavior of the recirculation bubble under sudden flow acceleration. Due to the sudden flow release, the near wall region overcomes the adverse pressure gradient. As the flow acceleration dilutes the boundary layer detaches and the separated flow region grows in the stream-wise direction. The comparison of the experimental results with 2D and 3D transient Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations demonstrates the ability of Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes models to predict the dynamics of this phenomenon. However, CFD over-predicts the extension of the recirculated flow region. The integration of this research towards future control strategies will enable efficient operation of turbine-hybrid systems operating at high power.
Completion of Tricin Biosynthesis Pathway in Rice: Cytochrome P450 75B4 Is a Unique Chrysoeriol 5′-Hydroxylase (2015)

Flavones are ubiquitously accumulated in land plants, but their biosynthesis in monocots remained largely elusive until recent years. Recently, we demonstrated that the rice (Oryza sativa) cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP93G1 and CYP93G2 channel flavanones en route to flavone O-linked conjugates and C-glycosides, respectively. In tricin, the 3',5'-dimethoxyflavone nucleus is formed before O-linked conjugations. Previously, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases belonging to the CYP75A subfamily were believed to generate tricetin from apigenin for 3',5'-O-methylation to form tricin. However, we report here that CYP75B4 a unique flavonoid B-ring hydroxylase indispensable for tricin formation in rice. A CYP75B4 knockout mutant is tricin deficient, with unusual accumulation of chrysoeriol (a 3'-methoxylated flavone). CYP75B4 functions as a bona fide flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase by restoring the accumulation of 3'-hydroxylated flavonoids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transparent testa7 mutants and catalyzing in vitro 3'-hydroxylation of different flavonoids. In addition, overexpression of both CYP75B4 and CYP93G1 (a flavone synthase II) in Arabidopsis resulted in tricin accumulation. Specific 5'-hydroxylation of chrysoeriol to selgin by CYP75B4 was further demonstrated in vitro. The reaction steps leading to tricin biosynthesis are then reconstructed as naringenin → apigenin → luteolin → chrysoeriol → selgin → tricin. Hence, chrysoeriol, instead of tricetin, is an intermediate in tricin biosynthesis. CYP75B4 homologous sequences are highly conserved in Poaceae, and they are phylogenetically distinct from the canonical CYP75B flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase sequences. Recruitment of chrysoeriol-specific 5'-hydroxylase activity by an ancestral CYP75B sequence may represent a key event leading to the prevalence of tricin-derived metabolites in grasses and other monocots today.
The Formation of Five- and Six-membered Rings by the Acyloin Condensation. IV. The Natural Estrogenic Steroids (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of Five- and Six-membered Rings by the Acyloin Condensation. IV. The Natural Estrogenic SteroidsJohn C. Sheehan, R. A. Coderre, and Philip A. CruickshankCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 24, 6231–6233Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01120a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01120a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Experiments Identify the Paramagnetic Intermediates in the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Catalytic Cycle (2006)

Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) is central to the anaerobic metabolism of many bacteria and amitochondriate eukaryotes. PFOR contains thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and three [4Fe-4S] clusters, which link pyruvate oxidation to reduction of ferredoxin. In the PFOR reaction, TPP reacts with pyruvate to form lactyl-TPP, which undergoes decarboxylation to form a hydroxyethyl-TPP (HE-TPP) intermediate. One electron is then transferred from HE-TPP to one of the three [4Fe-4S] clusters to form an HE-TPP radical and a [4Fe-4S]1+ intermediate. Pulsed EPR methods have been used to measure the distance between the HE-TPP radical and the [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster to which it is coupled. Computational analysis including the PFOR crystal structure and the spin distribution in the HE-TPP radical and in the reduced [4Fe-4S] cluster demonstrates that the distance between the HE-TPP radical and the medial cluster B matches the experimentally determined dipolar interaction, while one of the other two clusters is too close and the other is too far away. These results clearly demonstrate that it is the medial cluster (cluster B) that is reduced. Thus, rapid electron transfer occurs through the electron-transfer chain, which leaves an oxidized proximal cluster poised to accept an electron from the HE-TPP radical in the subsequent reaction step.
Eicosanoids : from biotechnology to therapeutic applications (1996)

Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase: A Key Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of Leukotriene B4 A. Wetterholm, et al. Lipoxygenases of Mice and Men C.D. Funk. The Physiological and Therapeutic Significance of Separate Pathways for Prostaglandin Synthesis D.L. De Witt. Assessment of Pharmacological Inhibition of PGHsynthases in Man P. Patrignani, et al. Metabolism of Eicosanoids in Mammalian Cells R.C. Murphy. New Approach in Immunometric Assays P. Pradelles, et al. Transcellular Biosynthesis of Archidonic Acid Metabolites: From in Vitro Investigations to in Vivo Reality J. Maclouf. Polymorphonuclearendothelial Cell Interactions and the Control of Coronary Vasculature A. Sala. Plateletactivating Factor Regulates Events at the Vascular Wall S.M. Prescott, et al. Studies of Isoprostane Biosynthesis in Man G. Ciabattoni, et al. N3 Fatty Acids: Antithromboxane Activity: Effects on Redox Status of Blood Cells M. Lagarde, et al. Receptors and Second Messengers for Cysleukotrienes S. Nicosia, et al. Prostanoid Receptors: Classification, Characterization and Therapeutic Relevance R.A. Coleman. Microvascular Actions and Interactions of Eicosanoids and Histamine in Inflammation P. Hedqvist, et al. 4 additional articles. Index.
A small-molecule antagonist of virion assembly (2001)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeanaloguesantagonistanti-HIVassemblybetulinic acidnovelvirion
ESSL compiler for embedded 3D graphics architecture (2009)

This paper describes the global architecture and behavior of an ESSL compiler, based on the ES shading language for OpenGL ES 2.0 defined by the Khronos specification. This compiler is running at driver level, and processes shader code destined to run over a proprietary programmable 3D graphics pipeline functional model.
Direct Exponential Amplification and Sequencing (DEXAS) of Genomic DNA (1997)

In order to supply a sufficient amount of template molecules for DNA sequence determination, cloning into plasmids and subsequent plasmid purification, or amplification via the PCR, are generally used. Here, we present a method-'direct exponential amplification and sequencing' or 'DEXAS'-that permits direct sequence determination from whole genomic DNA and thus eliminates the need for template amplification and preparation. It relies on the simultaneous amplification of a target sequence and the determination of its sequence using dideoxyterminators in a two-step cycling reaction. DEXAS can be applied to single as well as multi-copy genomic sequences, and can easily be automated.
Clustering Guided SVM for Semantic Image Retrieval (2007)

SVM (support vector machine) enables effective image classification for semantic image retrieval. However, how to train accurate image classifiers in high-dimensional feature space suffers from the problem of choosing proper training samples. To solve this problem, a novel approach named CGSVM (clustering guided SVM) is presented, which utilizes clustering result to select the most informative image samples to be labeled, and optimize the penalty coefficient. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves higher search accuracy than regular SVM for semantic image retrieval.
Mechanistic study of CO formation from CO2 using a mixed-metal oxide of tin, iron, and aluminum (2014)

CO formation from CO<sub>2</sub> using a mixed-metal oxide of tin, iron, and aluminum.
Abstract 4119: High-throughput proteomics reveals that enzymes of the ketogenic pathway are upregulated during prostate cancer progression (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in men. One common treatment is androgen-deprivation therapy, which reduces symptoms in most patients. However, over time, patients develop tumours that are androgen-independent and ultimately fatal. The mechanisms that cause this transition remain largely unknown, and as a result, there are no effective treatments against androgen-independent prostate cancer. As a model platform, we used the LNCaP cell line, and its androgen independent derivative, LNCaP-SF. By using stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled to mass spectrometry, we assessed the differential global protein expression between the two cell lines. Our proteomic analysis resulted in the quantification of 3355 proteins, in total. Bioinformatic prioritization resulted in 42 up-regulated and 46 down-regulated proteins in LNCaP-SF cells, compared to LNCaP cells. Our top candidate was HMGCS2, an enzyme involved in ketogenesis, was found to be 9-fold elevated in LNCaP-SF cells, based on peptide ratios. After analyzing the remaining enzymes of this pathway (ACAT1, BDH1, HMGCL, OXCT1), we observed increased expression of these proteins in the LNCaP-SF cells. This was further verified using western blotting, indicating the importance of this pathway during the progression of prostate cancer to androgen-independence. To determine whether these enzymes are up-regulated in clinical samples, we performed qPCR analysis on human prostate cancer tissues, from which we observed significantly increased transcript levels of HMGCS2 (p&amp;lt;0.05), OXCT1 (P&amp;lt;0.05), ACAT1 (p&amp;lt;0.001), and BDH1 (p&amp;lt;0.001). In addition, the protein expression of all five ketogenic pathway enzymes was elevated in high grade prostate cancer (Gleason Grade &amp;gt;8) based on immunohistochemistry analysis. ACAT1 displayed the most prominent protein expression patterns, as it exhibited very minimal staining in normal samples, moderate levels in low grade cancer, and high expression during high grade disease. Further assessment of ACAT1 expression demonstrated significantly greater ACAT1 expression in bone metastatic lesions (P&amp;lt;0.001). Altogether, our results indicate that enzymes belonging to the ketogenic pathway become up-regulated during high grade prostate cancer, and could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of high grade disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4119. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4119
Synthesis and Anxiolytic Activity of N-Substituted Cyclic Imides(1R*,2S*,3R*,4S*)-N-(4-(4-(2-Pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-2,3-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptanedicarboximide(Tandospirone) and Related Compounds. (1991)

A series of cyclic imides bearing a omega-(4-aryl and 4-heteroaryl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl moieties was synthesized and tested in vivo for anxiolytic activity. The in vitro binding affinities of these compounds were also examined for 5-HT1A receptor sites. Structure-activity relationships within these series are discussed. One of these compounds, (1R*,2S*,-3R*,4S*)-N-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,3- bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanedicarboximide (1: tandospirone), was found to be equipotent with buspirone in its anxiolytic activity and more anxio-selective than buspirone and diazepam. Tandospirone (1) is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a selective anxiolytic agent.
Terconazole Cream for Non-Candida albicans Fungal Vaginitis: Results of a Retrospective Analysis (2000)

Objective Although it is FDA-approved for use in vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by non-Candida albicans species, terconazole cream has not been been studied in patients with these infections. We sought to assess the clinical and mycological efficacy of terconazole cream in women with non-C. albicans vaginitis. Methods The records of patients who had received a 7-day course of terconazole cream for culture-proved non-C. albicans vaginitis were reviewed. Data with regard to patient demographics, clinical and mycologic response to therapy within 1 month of treatment, and outcome with other antifungal therapies were analyzed. Results Twenty-eight patients received terconazole cream for non-C. albicans infections. Three patients did not return for follow-up. The median age was 45 years. Seven (28%) patients were nulliparous. The median duration of symptoms was 3 years. Nine patients (36%) had received terconazole within the 6 months prior to referral. Overall, there were 20 C. glabrata cases, 3 C. parapsilosis, and 2 C. lusitaniae. Fourteen (56%) patients achieved a mycologic cure; 11 (44%) noted a resolution of their symptoms. Prior terconazole use was not associated with treatment failure (P = 0.09). Ten failures received boric acid suppositories as subsequent treatment; a cure was effected in 4 (40%). Two of three patients (67%) were eventually cured with flucytosine cream. Five (20 %) patients remained uncured. Conclusions Terconazole cream may be an appropriate first-line treatment for non C. albicans vaginitis, even in patients who have previously received the drug. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:240–243, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.