gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin is essential for normal growth of Arabidopsis organs (2006)

In Arabidopsis thaliana , the class I hemoglobin AHb1 is transiently expressed in the hydathodes of leaves and in floral buds from young inflorescences. Nitric oxide (NO) accumulates to high levels in these organs when AHb1 is silenced, indicating an important role in metabolizing NO. AHb1 ‐silenced lines are viable but show a mutant phenotype affecting the regions where AHb1 is expressed. Arabidopsis lines with an insertional knockout or overexpression of AHb2, a class II 3‐on‐3 hemoglobin, were generated. Seedlings overexpressing AHb2 show enhanced survival of hypoxic stress. The AHb2 knockout lines develop normally. However, when AHb2 knockout is combined with AHb1 silencing, seedlings die at an early vegetative stage suggesting that the two 3‐on‐3 hemoglobins, AHb1 and AHb2, together play an essential role for normal development of Arabidopsis seedlings. In conclusion, these results suggests that 3‐on‐3 hemoglobins apart from a role in hypoxic stress play a general role under non‐stressed conditions where they are essential for normal development by controlling the level of NO which tends to accumulate in floral buds and leaf hydathodes of plants.
Fatty Acids of Rhodotorula gracilis : Fat Production in Submerged Culture and the Particular Effect of pH Value (1968)

SUMMARY Rhodotorula gracilis growing in batch culture exhibited acceleration, exponential and linear phases of growth. In a fourth phase, following nitrogen exhaustion, the concentration of lipid in the culture increased, but it is suggested that the rate of lipid production was not stimulated but remained constant, the apparent increase being almost entirely due to the absence of cell proliferation. No significant changes occurred in the fatty acid composition of the lipid when nitrogen was exhausted. At low pH values, growth of the organism was retarded, but the lipid production rate increased although the final concentration of lipid remained the same. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids also decreased principally due to a lowered concentration of oleic acid but the concentration of myristic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids increased.
Ferroelectric Properties and Microstructures of Pr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>11</sub>-Doped Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Thin Films (2010)

Pr6O11-doped bismuth titanate (BixPryTi3O12 BPT) thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique, and the microstructures and ferroelectric properties of the films were investigated. Microstructure studies indicate that all of BPT films with well-developed rod-like grains consist of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure without preferred orientation. Pr doping into Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) causes a large shift of the Curie temperature (TC) of paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition of BIT from 675°C to lower temperature and improvement in dielectric properties. The experimental results indicate that Pr doping into Bi4Ti3O12 results in a remarkable improvement in ferroelectric properties. The remanent polarization ( Pr ) and coercive field (Ec) of the BPT film with y=0.9 were 35 μC/cm2 and 80 kV/cm, respectively. After 3  1010 switching cycles, 20% degradation of Pr is observed in the film.
Prediction of Air Cooling System for EV/HEV Battery Pack* (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An efficient cooling system will ensure the reliability of the EV/HEV (Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Electric Vehicle) battery system and extend their lifetime. In order to shorten design period or increase design iterations, a high-speed and high-precision prediction method for cooling is indispensable. For models, such as Mitsubishi i-MiEV, which use fresh air to cool batteries in the battery pack, a transient approach based on loosely coupled method is developed to predict temperature change of batteries. The results by our new approach are in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, for the EV/HEV using circulated air to cool its batteries, a second approach is also developed, which can predict the temperature variations of both EV/HEV batteries in the battery pack and the cooling air.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ontology-based Access Control for FAIR Data (2019)

This paper focuses on fine-grained, secure access to FAIR data, for which we propose ontology-based data access policies. These policies take into account both the FAIR aspects of the data relevant to access (such as provenance and licence), expressed as metadata, and additional metadata describing users. With this tripartite approach (data, associated metadata expressing FAIR information, and additional metadata about users), secure and controlled access to object data can be obtained. This yields a security dimension to the “A” (accessible) in FAIR, which is clearly needed in domains like security and intelligence. These domains need data to be shared under tight controls, with widely varying individual access rights. In this paper, we propose an approach called Ontology-Based Access Control (OBAC), which utilizes concepts and relations from a data set's domain ontology. We argue that ontology-based access policies contribute to data reusability and can be reconciled with privacy-aware data access policies. We illustrate our OBAC approach through a proof-of-concept and propose that OBAC to be adopted as a best practice for access management of FAIR data.
Selective effects of interferon on distinct sites of the T lymphocyte triggering process. (1982)

Lectin- and antigen-induced proliferation of murine T cells consists of two major events, namely, a rapid induction of susceptibility to growth factors and a later-occurring, accessory cell-dependent production of T cell growth factors (TCGF). The mechanism by which interferon (IFN) inhibits T cell responses was studied accordingly. A decrease of Con A-induced proliferation was observed in the presence of increasing amounts of IFN. The reduced proliferative response in such cultures was found to be due to an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the results show that IFN did not inhibit the early events in T cell triggering, because the acquisition of responsiveness of resting T cells to TCGF was unaltered in the presence of IFN, nor did it interfere with production of TCGF. In contrast, IFN was found to interfere with the TCGF-dependent T cell blast growth. Cytofluorometric analysis of the proliferative phase revealed that IFN exerts its effect on T cells, which have entered the proliferative cycle, by a postmitotic accumulation in G0/G1, thus reducing the proliferating population. The results demonstrate that IFN primarily affects the later phase of proliferative activity after T cell triggering, leaving the helper cell functions untouched.
Characterization of cell surface and extracellular matrix remodeling of Azospirillum brasilense chemotaxis-like 1 signal transduction pathway mutants by atomic force microscopy (2010)

To compete in complex microbial communities, bacteria must sense environmental changes and adjust cellular functions for optimal growth. Chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathways are implicated in the regulation of multiple behaviors in response to changes in the environment, including motility patterns, exopolysaccharide production, and cell-to-cell interactions. In Azospirillum brasilense, cell surface properties, including exopolysaccharide production, are thought to play a direct role in promoting flocculation. Recently, the Che1 chemotaxis-like pathway from A. brasilense was shown to modulate flocculation, suggesting an associated modulation of cell surface properties. Using atomic force microscopy, distinct changes in the surface morphology of flocculating A. brasilense Che1 mutant strains were detected. Whereas the wild-type strain produces a smooth mucosal extracellular matrix after 24 h, the flocculating Che1 mutant strains produce distinctive extracellular fibril structures. Further analyses using flocculation inhibition, lectin-binding assays, and comparison of lipopolysaccharides profiles suggest that the extracellular matrix differs between the cheA1 and the cheY1 mutants, despite an apparent similarity in the macroscopic floc structures. Collectively, these data indicate that disruption of the Che1 pathway is correlated with distinctive changes in the extracellular matrix, which likely result from changes in surface polysaccharides structure and/or composition.
Transient radial nerve injury related to the use of a self retaining retractor for internal mammary artery dissection. (1990)

Peripheral nerve injuries and brachial plexopathies are frequent complications for coronary artery surgery, and are related to median sternotomy. Radial nerve injury has been uncommon hitherto. We report the case of a patient who sustained a radial nerve palsy associated with the use of a Pittman retractor, but who achieved rapid and complete recovery.
Recursive Least Squares with Variable-Rate Forgetting Based on the F-Test (2022)

A variable-rate forgetting factor for recursive least squares is developed for parameter identification of time-varying systems. The variable-rate forgetting factor uses the F-test to compare short- and long-term variances of the one-step prediction errors of recursive least squares (RLS). If the short-term error variance is statistically larger than the long-term error variance, then it is assumed that the underlying parameters have changed and forgetting is required. The level of forgetting is proportional to how far the ratio of the short-term and long-term error variances deviate from the expected ratio given by the F-distribution. RLS with F-test variable-rate forgetting (RLS/FTVRF) is shown to generalize an existing variable-rate forgetting factor that uses a ratio of the root-mean-square (RMS) performance error and noise standard deviation. The approach is applied to a parameter identification task and is compared to a constant-rate forgetting factor and the RMS performance error and noise standard-deviation-based forgetting factor.
Large-System Analysis of Correlated MIMO Multiple Access Channels with Arbitrary Signaling in the Presence of Interference (2014)

Presence of multiple antennas on both sides of a communication channel promises significant improvements in system throughput and power efficiency. In effect, a new class of large multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems has recently emerged and attracted both scientific and industrial attention. To analyze these systems in realistic scenarios one has to include such aspects as co-channel interference, multiple access and spatial correlation. In this paper, we study the properties of correlated MIMO multiple-access channels in the presence of external interference. Using the replica method from statistical physics, we derive the ergodic sum-rate of the communication for arbitrary signal constellations when the numbers of antennas at both ends of the channel grow large. Based on these asymptotic expressions, we also address the problem of sum-rate maximization using statistical channel state information and linear precoding. The numerical results demonstrate that when the interfering terminals use discrete constellations, the resulting interference becomes easier to handle compared to Gaussian signals. Thus, it may be possible to accommodate more interfering transmitter-receiver pairs within the same area as compared to the case of Gaussian signals. In addition, we demonstrate numerically for the Gaussian and QPSK signaling schemes that it is possible to design precoder matrices that significantly improve the achievable rates at low-to-mid range of signal-to-noise ratios when compared to isotropic precoding.
Topical application of nucleotides increase lysozyme levels in tears. (2008)

The present work studies the effects of topical application of nucleotides on rabbit tear lysozyme levels. Lysozyme values were determined by the diffusion in Agar method described by van Bijsterveld in 1974, and the protein amount was obtained by measuring the inhibitory halos around a Whatman n degrees 1 paper disc of 5 mm in diameter. The tested nucleotides were UTP, Ap(4)A and Up(4)U. These compounds were topically instilled in a single-dose in one eye (with the contralateral eye as a control) and the lysozyme halos were measured along 5 hours. The obtained results showed an increase in the lysozyme concentrations of 67%, 93%, and 119% for UTP, Ap(4)A, and Up(4)U, respectively, over the basal levels of lysozyme. For this reason, we suggest these molecules as a potential treatment for the reinforcement of the tear film barrier against ocular infection.
From Antenna Design to High Fidelity, Full Physics Automotive Radar Sensor Corner Case Simulation (2018)

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have recently been thrust into the spotlight in the automotive industry as carmakers and technology companies pursue effective active safety systems and fully autonomous vehicles. Various sensors such as lidar (light detection and ranging), radar (radio detection and ranging), ultrasonic, and optical cameras are employed to provide situational awareness to vehicles in a highly dynamic environment. Radar has emerged as a primary sensor technology for both active/passive safety and comfort-advanced driver-assistance systems. Physically building and testing radar systems to demonstrate reliability is an expensive and time-consuming process. Simulation emerges as the most practical solution to designing and testing radar systems. This paper provides a complete, full physics simulation workflow for automotive radar using finite element method and asymptotic ray tracing electromagnetic solvers. The design and optimization of both transmitter and receiver antennas is presented. Antenna interaction with vehicle bumper and fascia is also investigated. A full physics-based radar scene corner case is modelled to obtain high-fidelity range-Doppler maps. Finally, this paper investigates the effects of inclined roads on late pedestrian detection and the effects of construction metal plate radar returns on false target identification. Possible solutions are suggested and validated. Results from this study show how pedestrian radar returns can be increased by over 16 dB for early detection along with a 27 dB reduction in road construction plate radar returns to suppress false target identification. Both solutions to the above corner cases can potentially save pedestrian lives and prevent future accidents.
Degradation of rapamycin and its ring-opened isomer: Role of base catalysis (2007)

Rapamycin is a natural macrolide immunosuppressant with a distinct mechanism of action. Quantitative analysis of rapamycin poses many challenges associated with facile degradation and the multitude of isomeric forms. The primary goal of this study was to compare degradation of rapamycin and its ring-opened isomer, secorapamycin, in aqueous solution under identical conditions. Reaction kinetics and mechanisms were studied in 30/70 vol/vol acetonitrile-water mixtures containing either MeCOONH 4 (apparent pH 7.3) or NaOH (apparent pH 12.2). Degradation kinetics was well described by the first-order rate law. For rapamycin in 237 and 23.7 mM solutions of MeCOONH 4 , apparent half-lives of 200 h and 890 h were obtained. When compared to the latter value, the rapamycin half-life was reduced by 3 orders of magnitude in the pH 12.2 solution. Under all conditions studied, secorapamycin degradation was significantly slower than that of the parent compound. Both specific and general base catalysis was observed for reactions of rapamycin and secorapamycin. Two primary products of rapamycin degradation were identified as individual isomers of secorapamycin and a hydroxy acid formed via lactone hydrolysis. No evidence for the interconversion between the products was obtained. In highly basic solutions, both products undergo fragmentation and water addition reactions.
Selective Functionalization of Microstructured Surfaces by Laser‐Assisted Particle Transfer (2016)

Microcavity arrays represent millions of different reaction compartments to screen, for example, molecular interactions, exogenous factors for cells or enzymatic activity. A novel method is presented to selectively synthesize different compounds in arrays of microcavities with up to 1 000 000 cavities per cm 2 . In this approach, polymer microparticles with embedded pre‐activated monomers are selectively transferred into microcavities with laser radiation. After particle patterning, heating of the particle matrix simultaneously leads to diffusion and coupling of the monomers inside each microcavity separately. This method exhibits flexibility, not only in the choice of compounds, but also in the choice of particle matrix material, which determines the chemical reaction environment. The laser‐assisted selective functionalization of microcavities can be easily combined with the intensively growing number of laser applications for patterning of molecules and cells, which is useful for the development of novel biological assays.
Voclosporin: a novel calcineurin inhibitor with no impact on mycophenolic acid levels in patients with SLE (2021)

There is no clinically meaningful interaction between voclosporin and MMF. As changes in exposure to MPA may affect efficacy and safety, these data confirm that voclosporin and MMF can be administered concomitantly without the need for dose adjustment.
Analysis of Effects of Trench Position on the Bending Loss of Bend-insensitive Optical Fibers (2014)

We present the analysis of trench-assisted single mode fiber for showcasing the significance of position of trench in the fiber to minimize the bending loss.
Amplitude squeezing by means of quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a lithium niobate waveguide (1997)

We demonstrate that traveling-wave second-harmonic generation produces amplitude-squeezed light at both the fundamental and the harmonic frequencies. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic conversion efficiencies approaching 60% were obtained in a 26-mm-long single-mode LiNbO(3) waveguide with pulses from a mode-locked laser at 1.53 microm. The amplitude noise of the transmitted fundamental field was measured to be 0.8 dB below the shot-noise level, and the generated 0.765-microm harmonic light was measured to be amplitude squeezed by 0.35 dB. The conversion-efficiency dependence of the observed squeezing at both wavelengths agrees with theoretical predictions. Waveguide losses appear to degrade the squeezing, but the maximum observed squeezing is currently limited only by the available input power.
Spinell-Sialone (2002)

Hervorragende mechanische Eigenschaften zeichnen γ-Si2AlON3 aus, eines der ersten Spinell-Sialone und 4-3-Spinelle. Diese bei 130 000 bar/1800°C synthetisierte Phase übertrifft mit einer Härte von 27.5 GPa deutlich die der Niederdruckmodifikationen α- und β-Sialon, die zur Metallbearbeitung und in Strukturkeramiken eingesetzt werden. Das Bild zeigt einige zur Bestimmung der Härte auf einer γ-Si2AlON3-Oberfläche eingebrachte Vickers-Eindrücke und deutet die strukturelle Verwandtschaft zwischen β- und γ-Sialon und den entsprechenden Si3N4-Phasen an.
A System Study on Silicon Thin-Film pm-Si:H/µc-Si:H Tandem Cell Structure (2009)

This article aims to optimize an innovative tandem structure based on polymorphous and microcrystalline silicon for the top and bottom elementary cells, respectively, combined with an original DC-DC converter. The studied tandem structure is composed of two separated cells. Each of them is connected to its own electrodes. Thus they are electrically decoupled but optically coupled. In those conditions, the constraint of current matching usually needed in the classical micromorph structures is released. As a result, the robustness against the current variations is enhanced and the efficiency of the structure improves. Since the top cell plays the main role in the determination of the transmitted part of the incoming flux to the bottom cell, the thickness of the intrinsic layer of the polymorphous cell is tuned so that the output power of the global structure becomes maximal. To implement the electric decoupling of two sub cells, the studied structure needs two static converters. In order to minimize the converters bulk, an innovative output electric architecture and its optimized related control is designed. This systemic approach leads to a better global structure in terms of efficiency, cost and management.
Catastrophic Failure of a Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polyetheretherketone Tibial Intramedullary Nail (2018)

Carbon-fiber composite implants are approved for clinical use in orthopaedic trauma applications. The rare failure of carbon-fiber implants presents unique challenges because typical extraction techniques cannot be used. With the patient described herein, a terminally threaded guidewire was used to cannulate and extract the distal segment of the nail.
Transformation of yEPC business process models to YAWL (2006)

Model transformations are frequently applied in business process modeling to bridge between languages on a different level of abstraction and formality. In this paper, we define a transformation between yEPCs which is an extension to the popular Event-driven Process Chain (EPC) and YAWL, a formal workflow language that is able to capture all of the 20 workflow patterns reported in [1]. We illustrate the transformation challenges and present a suitable transformation algorithm. The benefit of the transformation is threefold. First, it clarifies the semantics of yEPCs via a mapping to YAWL. Second, the deployment of yEPC business process models as workflows is simplified. Thirdly, yEPC models can be analyzed with YAWL verification tools.
Steroids and Exogenous γ-ENaC Subunit Modulate Cation Channels Formed by α-ENaC in Human B Lymphocytes (2004)

Previous studies using whole-cell recording methods suggest that human B lymphocytes express an amiloride-sensitive, sodium-permeable channel. The present studies aim to determine whether this channel has biophysical properties and a molecular structure related to the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Northern blots showed that human B lymphocytes express messages for both alpha- and beta- but not gamma-ENaC. Western blots showed that both alpha- and beta- but not gamma-ENaC proteins are expressed and strongly reduced by antisense oligonucleotides. Patch clamp experiments demonstrated that lymphocyte sodium channels are not active in cell-attached patches. However, membrane stretch can activate a 21-pS nonselective cation channel. The frequency of observance of this channel was significantly reduced by antisense oligonucleotide against alpha-ENaC but not by antisense oligonucleotide against beta-ENaC, indicating that only the alpha subunit of ENaC is necessary to form stretch-activated cation channels. Aldosterone (1.5 microm) reduced the frequency of observance of 21-pS alpha-ENaC channels and simultaneously induced the appearance of spontaneously active 10-pS channels. Antisense oligonucleotide experiments showed that this 10-pS channel is formed from alpha- and beta-ENaC. After expression of exogenous gamma-ENaC, aldosterone again reduced the frequency of observance of the 21-pS alpha-ENaC channel but induced the appearance of a 5-pS channel, presumably a alphabetagamma-ENaC channel. In the absence of aldosterone, the alpha subunit forms an alpha-cryptic channel that is activated by stretch, and in the presence of aldosterone, beta and alpha subunits together form an active channel that is modulated by aldosterone.