gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric thin films on polyimide substrates for flexible piezoelectric devices (2017)

Flexible 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm PZT thin films on polyimide substrate were successfully obtained through a release and transfer process developed in this work. The released films not only functioned, but had superior properties compared to films grown on silicon wafers. This approach to flexible piezoelectric devices provides opportunities for sensors, transducers, and energy harvesters.
Performance Evaluation of Modularized Global Equalization System for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs (2015)

Battery management system has attracted mounting research attention recently, within which cell equalization plays a key role. Although many research and practices have been devoted to developing various structures of cell equalizers, there are still substantial opportunities for performance improvement yet to investigate. In particular, mathematical modeling and systematic analysis of equalizer systems are limited. In this paper, the performance analysis of the modularized global equalizer system for Lithium-ion battery cell equalization is conducted analytically. Specifically, a mathematical model is developed to emulate the equalization dynamics by considering both charging/discharging and energy loss. Analytical formulas are derived to evaluate the performance of the global equalizer. The introduced model is also compared with the state-of-the-art structures in terms of equalization speed and energy loss. Numerical studies show that the modularized global equalization outperforms others by its substantial reduction on energy loss with similar equalization performance and much less equalizers. In addition, a module segmentation guide is provided to facilitate the equalization system design. Lithium-based battery technology offers performance advantages over traditional battery technologies, which makes it promising in application such as automobiles, portable devices, power grid, etc. To ensure the Lithium-ion batteries working efficiently, reliably and safely, battery equalization systems play a critical rule, especially in large volume battery packs. Various equalization structures have been proposed to balance the state of charge within a string of battery cells. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art equalization structures in a unified model representation scheme, and then focus on a modularized global equalization structure with much less equalizers. Based on the mathematical models for performance evaluation, the modularized global equalization system outperforms the state-of-the-art structures in terms of energy loss with similar equalization speed. In addition, we provide a module segmentation guide to determine the number of modules in the system design.
Product of a DMF Aminalization, Bis[bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)(dimethylamino)methane]copper(II) Perchlorate−Bis(dichloromethane) (1998)

Bis[bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)(dimethylamino)methane]copper(II) perchlorate−bis(dichloromethane), Cu(II)(1)2(ClO4)2·2CH2Cl2 , 2, is the unanticipated product of the reaction of tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methylsilane, 3, with Cu(II)(DMF)4 (ClO4)2. In the title complex, the Cu(II)(1)2 cations exhibit a tetragonal Cu(II)N6 geometry arising from coordination of four pyrazole N atoms and two tertiary amine N atoms from two bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)(dimethylamino)methane ligands, 1. The tridentate (N)3 ligands 1 coordinate copper facially with one Cu−N (pyrazole) axial [Cu−N, 2.407(4) Å] and the second equatorial [Cu−N, 1.995(4) Å]; the cations exhibit crystallographic 2-fold symmetry that relates one ligand to the other. Cu(II)(1)2(ClO4)2·2CH2Cl2, CuC28H46Cl6N10O8·2CH2Cl2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 26.278(5) Å, b = 8.835(2) Å, c = 20.655(4) Å, β = 120.73(3)°, Z = 4, and RF (RwF2) = 0.049 (0.122) for 1979 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Crystals of 2 are stable in dry air but hydrolyze readily to yield dimethylformamide and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of complex 2 by silane-promoted aminalization (an aminal is the diaza analogue of an acetal) of dimethylformamide.
Exploring the performance of partially reconfigurable point-to-point interconnects (2017)

An ever larger share of FPGAs are supporting Dynamic and Partial Reconfiguration (DPR). A reconfigurable point-to-point interconnect (ρ-P2P) is a communication mechanism based on DPR that swaps between different precomputed configurations stored in partial bitstreams. ρ-Point-to-Point (P2P) is intended as a lightweight interconnect that suits the reconfigurable systems where a limited number of configurations are desirable. This paper assesses the pros and cons of ρ-P2P in terms of resource and performance depending on the number of input/output signals, their width and the number of supported configurations. Experimental results, conducted on an Intel Cyclone V FPGA, compare ρ-P2P to an equivalently functional non-DPR solution called μ-P2P and to a full crossbar. They show that ρ-P2P is indeed lightweight but introduces performance limitations on operating frequency, memory footprint and reconfiguration time. However, ρ-P2P is in general the least resource intensive of the tested interconnects, except in the trivial case of low numbers of signals and configurations. In particular, an 18 × 18 full crossbar interconnect requires 75% more resources than an equivalent ρ-P2P. Interestingly, this resource difference between ρ-P2P and a full crossbar grows linearly with the interconnect size.
Fabrication strategies for exploring the anisotropic electroactuation of dielectric elastomers(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Several reports have appeared on the topic of anisotropic actuation in dielectric elastomers. Most of these, including our own published in Advanced Materials (2014), incorporate aligned microfibers into the VHB adhesive. In all these studies, the results have been quite promising, demonstrating that anisotropic actuation is achieved primarily in the direction normal to the fiber axis. We have previously explored this phenomenon in detail using polyurethane and carbon fibers. In the present study, we shall use these results to set the stage for our ongoing studies that employ our unique thermoplastic elastomer gel (TPEG) design, which provides much more versatility than VHB. These results allow us to decouple the roles of dielectric constant and mechanical modulus in actuation development.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE OF PANCRATISTATIN (1985)

Abstract Das aus den Wurzeln von Pancratium littorale Jacq.
PMU-Based Estimation of Voltage-to-Power Sensitivity for Distribution Networks Considering the Sparsity of Jacobian Matrix (2018)

With increasing integration of various distributed energy resources, electric distribution networks are changing to an energy exchange platform. Accurate voltage-to-power sensitivities play a vital role in system operation and control. Relative to the off-line method, measurement-based sensitivity estimation avoids the errors caused by incorrect device parameters and changes in network topology. An online estimation of the voltage-to-power sensitivity based on phasor measurement units is proposed. The sparsity of the Jacobian matrix is fully used by reformulating the original least-squares estimation problem as a sparse-recovery problem via compressive sensing. To accommodate the deficiency of the existing greedy algorithm caused by the correlation of the sensing matrix, a modified sparse-recovery algorithm is proposed based on the mutual coherence of the phase angle and voltage magnitude variation vectors. The proposed method can ensure the accuracy of estimation with fewer measurements and can improve the computational efficiency. Case studies on the IEEE 33-node test feeder verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Role of peripheral reflexes in the initiation of the esophageal phase of swallowing (2014)

The aim of this study was to determine the role of peripheral reflexes in initiation of the esophageal phase of swallowing. In 10 decerebrate cats, we recorded electromyographic responses from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus and manometric data from the esophagus. Water (1-5 ml) was injected into the nasopharynx to stimulate swallowing, and the timing of the pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing was quantified. The effects of transection or stimulation of nerves innervating the esophagus on swallowing and esophageal motility were tested. We found that the percent occurrence of the esophageal phase was significantly related to the bolus size. While the time delays between the pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing were not related to the bolus size, they were significantly more variable than the time delays between activation of muscles within the pharyngeal phase. Transection of the sensory innervation of the proximal cervical esophagus blocked or significantly inhibited activation of the esophageal phase in the proximal cervical esophagus. Peripheral electrical stimulation of the pharyngoesophageal nerve activated the proximal cervical esophagus, peripheral electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve activated the distal cervical esophagus, and peripheral electrical stimulation the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) had no effect on the esophagus. Centripetal electrical stimulation of the SLN activated the cervical component of the esophageal phase of swallowing before initiation of the pharyngeal phase. Therefore, we concluded that initiation of the esophageal phase of swallowing depends on feedback from peripheral reflexes acting through the SLN, rather than a central program.
<title>Adaptive scheme for classification of MPEG video frames</title> (2002)

In this paper, we describe our recent work attempting to improve the motion estimation and compensation performance in MPEG, without introducing any significant computing cost. To achieve low complexity, MPEG used fixed frame classification or allocation of I, B, P-frames to do the motion estimation and compensation. By introducing an adaptive mechanism to connect the frame content and previous record analysis with the arrangement of video frames, the classification inside the video stream can be determined according to the nature of its content in relation to those neighboring video frames. During this process, records of motion estimation and compensation for previous frames are taken into consideration to form a basis of analysis. As a result, a histogram of those major directions is formulated to allow information flow being analyzed before the frame is classified. Thresholds are then applied along the analyzed direction to video frames, and their classification of I, B, or P-frames is determined on the fly. Hence, the performance of motion estimation and compensation can be improved towards the whole compression system. Extensive experiments are carried out to support our work and the results reported show that our proposed method outperforms the existing MPEG-2 scheme, when assessed in mean-square-errors.
Deep-water warming trend in Lake Malawi, East Africa (2005)

We use historic water temperature measurements to define a deep-water warming trend in Lake Malawi, East Africa. Over the past six decades, the temperature of the deep water below 300 m has increased by ~0.7°C. The warming trend is due mainly to the reduction of cold-water deep convection over this period, which is associated with milder winters in the region. Despite deep-water warming, density stratification was maintained at depths below 100 m. The observed warming trend was interrupted at least twice by abyssal cooling events that were associated with the wettest years on record. We propose that rainfall and cool river inflow are critical factors that control thermal structure and the rate of deep-water recharge in this deep, tropical lake.
Microwave-Induced Multiple Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

We describe a new synthetic strategy to produce multifunctionalized carbon nanotubes using a combination of two different addition reactions, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and the addition of diazonium salts, both via a simple and fast microwave-induced method. The presence of multifunctionality on the SWNTs has been confirmed using the most useful techniques for the characterization of carbon nanotubes. The doubly functionalized SWNTs can be considered potentially useful for many interesting applications.
Graphene–Multilayer Graphene Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Thermal Interface Materials (2012)

We found that the optimized mixture of graphene and multilayer graphene, produced by the high-yield inexpensive liquid-phase-exfoliation technique, can lead to an extremely strong enhancement of the cross-plane thermal conductivity K of the composite. The "laser flash" measurements revealed a record-high enhancement of K by 2300% in the graphene-based polymer at the filler loading fraction f = 10 vol %. It was determined that the relatively high concentration of the single-layer and bilayer graphene flakes (~10-15%) present simultaneously with the thicker multilayers of large lateral size (~1 μm) were essential for the observed unusual K enhancement. The thermal conductivity of the commercial thermal grease was increased from an initial value of ~5.8 W/mK to K = 14 W/mK at the small loading f = 2%, which preserved all mechanical properties of the hybrid. Our modeling results suggest that graphene-multilayer graphene nanocomposite used as the thermal interface material outperforms those with carbon nanotubes or metal nanoparticles owing to graphene's aspect ratio and lower Kapitza resistance at the graphene-matrix interface.
Chromatin Structure Remodeling and Activity of the Yeast PHO8 Promoter in Comparison to the PHO5 Promoter (1999)

The expression of the PHO5 and PHO8 genes, encoding a non-specific acid and alkaline phosphatase, respectively, is regulated in response to changes in the Pi concentration in medium by subsets of the same factors. However, despite of coordinative regulation of the two promoters, the PHO8 is almost 10 times weaker than the PHO5. Upon induction both promoters undergo strong remodeling of their chromatin structure, but the extent of remodeling at the PHO8 promoter is significantly lower then at the PHO5 (1). Here we show that, in contrast to the PHO5, only one of two Pho4 binding sites, previously mapped at the PHO8 promoter in vitro, is functional in vivo. Replacement of the inactive UASp1 element of PHO8, by the UASp1 element from the PHO5 promoter, resulted in more extensive remodeling of nucleosomes 3 and 2; at the same time, activity of the promoter variant increased ~2 fold. Deletion of the promoter region normally covered with nucleosomes 3 and 2 also resulted in 2 fold increase in promoter activity, supporting the correlation between promoter activity and the level of chromatin opening. These data altogether strongly suggest that the low level of PHO8 induction is at least in part due to inability of Pho4 to achieve complete chromatin remodeling at the PHO8 promoter through binding to the single site. There are also other features of the PHO8 promoter, which make it different from the PHO5. While PHO5 critically depends on Pho2 (2), the PHO8 promoter is only partially Pho2-dependent. Binding of Pho4 to the PHO8 promoter is Pho2-independent, but the presence of Pho2 increases promoter activity several folds. However, increase of the promoter activity in the presence of Pho2 is not accompanied with higher extent of chromatin remodeling. This shows that Pho2 directly increases activation potential of Pho4 rather then its ability to remodel chromatin.
Diastereoselective synthesis of the C17–C30 fragment of amphidinol 3 (2012)

The diastereoselective synthesis of the C17-C30 fragment of amphidinol 3 (AM3) 1 was achieved from the enantio-enriched aldehyde 20, Weinreb amide 14 and 2-bromo-3-(trimethylsilyl)propene, which was used as a bifunctional conjunctive reagent. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers, in both aldehyde 20 and Weinreb amide 14, were efficiently controlled by using (+)-(R)-methyl-p-tolylsulfoxide as the unique source of chirality.
Aldo‐keto reductases‐mediated cytotoxicity of 2‐deoxyglucose: A novel anticancer mechanism (2018)

2-Deoxyglucose (2DG) is a non-metabolizable glucose analog currently in clinical trials to determine its efficacy in enhancing the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of several types of cancers. It is thought to preferentially kill cancer cells by inhibiting glycolysis because cancer cells are more dependent on glycolysis for their energy needs than normal cells. However, we found that the toxicity of 2DG in cancer cells is mediated by the enzymatic activities of AKR1B1 and/or AKR1B10 (AKR1Bs), which are often overexpressed in cancer cells. Our results show that 2DG kills cancer cells because, in the process of being reduced by AKR1Bs, depletion of their cofactor NADPH leads to the depletion of glutathione (GSH) and cell death. Furthermore, we showed that compounds that are better substrates for AKR1Bs than 2DG are more effective than 2DG in killing cancer cells that overexpressed these 2 enzymes. As cancer cells can be induced to overexpress AKR1Bs, the anticancer mechanism we identified can be applied to treat a large variety of cancers. This should greatly facilitate the development of novel anticancer drugs.
Fulminant recurrence of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome during a calcineurin inhibitor‐free immunosuppression regimen (2002)

Recurrence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after kidney transplantation is frequent, occurring almost exclusively in patients with atypical HUS, which is not caused by Escherichia coli gastroenteritis and in which diarrhea is absent. Calcineurin inhibitors are associated with recurrence of HUS. In two children who underwent living donor kidney transplantation for atypical HUS, we pre-emptively employed sirolimus in a calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppression regimen. Both children had excellent early graft function, yet both developed severe recurrent disease and subsequently lost their grafts. Avoidance of calcineurin inhibitors did not prevent recurrence of severe HUS and graft loss. Transplantation for severe atypical HUS remains problematic.
Biophysical properties of the aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome and related connective tissue disorders: evaluation with MRI and computational fluid dynamics modeling (2011)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biophysical properties of the aorta in patients with Marfan Syndrome or Loeys-Dietz Syndrome using MRI and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling.
Analysis of Acoustic-Emission Strain Waves (1967)

An acoustic-emission loading and detection system is described and the detection system's harmonic response to both longitudinal and flexural waves is evaluated. Photographs of acoustic-emission response pulses are presented, and it is shown that the flexural waves are of considerable importance in describing the detection systems's response to the acoustic-emission source pulse. An estimate indicates that the energy of the flexural part of one acoustic-emission pulse is two orders of magnitude greater than the energy of the longitudinal part.
Industry Update: Latest Developments in Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine (2010)

a biopharmaceutical company developing and commercializing innovative treatments for patients with serious CNS diseases, has entered into an agreement with Amgen Inc., CA, USA (www.amgen.com)granting MedGenesis an exclusive, worldwide license for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein in CNS and non-CNS indications, subject to the rights of a co-exclusive licensee for CNS indications in certain countries.GDNF is a naturally occurring growth factor capable of protecting and promoting the survival of dopamine-producing nerve cells.
Genetic modifiers of abnormal organelle biogenesis in a Drosophila model of BLOC-1 deficiency (2009)

Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) is a protein complex formed by the products of eight distinct genes. Loss-of-function mutations in two of these genes, DTNBP1 and BLOC1S3, cause Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a human disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. In addition, haplotype variants within the same two genes have been postulated to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. However, the molecular function of BLOC-1 remains unknown. Here, we have generated a fly model of BLOC-1 deficiency. Mutant flies lacking the conserved Blos1 subunit displayed eye pigmentation defects due to abnormal pigment granules, which are lysosome-related organelles, as well as abnormal glutamatergic transmission and behavior. Epistatic analyses revealed that BLOC-1 function in pigment granule biogenesis requires the activities of BLOC-2 and a putative Rab guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor named Claret. The eye pigmentation phenotype was modified by misexpression of proteins involved in intracellular protein trafficking; in particular, the phenotype was partially ameliorated by Rab11 and strongly enhanced by the clathrin-disassembly factor, Auxilin. These observations validate Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model for the study of BLOC-1 function and its interactions with modifier genes.
MLC-derived human helper factor(s) that promote B cell differentiation: induction, functional characterization, and role of Ia antigens. (1980)

Utilizing a PFC assay to quantitate the polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes, we have investigated the induction and functional activity of MLC-derived human helper factor(s). Our data demonstrate that highly purified responder T cells, but not B or null cells, are required for the elaboration of MLC helper factor(s) that trigger the in vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes into PFC. Helper factor can trigger B cell maturation in the absence of helper T cells, since complement- (C) mediated lysis of the small (less than 5%) fraction of T cells present in anti-F(ab)2 immunoabsorbent column purified B cell population eliminates the PWM induced, but not the helper factor-induced PFC response. Responder T cells required for helper factor production do not bear surface membrane Ia, since alpha p23,30 + C treatment of this population does not affect helper factor generation. In contrast, alpha p23,30 + C treatment of the allogeneic stimulator cell population eliminates helper factor production. Taken together, these results demonstrate that interaction between Ia-bearing stimulator cells and Ia- responder T cells is required for the production of MLC-derived helper factor. In additional experiments, we determined that alpha p23,30, in the absence of C, totally abrogates the PFC response triggered by MLC helper factors. This result suggests an important role for Ia antigens in the functional activity of preformed helper factor molecules.