gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DMP1β, a splice isoform of the tumour suppressor DMP1 locus, induces proliferation and progression of breast cancer (2014)

Our recent work has indicated that the DMP1 locus on 7q21, encoding a haplo-insufficient tumour suppressor, is hemizygously deleted at a high frequency in breast cancer. The locus encodes DMP1α protein, an activator of the p53 pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and senescence, and two other functionally undefined isoforms, DMP1β and DMP1γ. In this study, we show that the DMP1 locus is alternatively spliced in ∼30% of breast cancer cases with relatively decreased DMP1α and increased DMP1β expression. RNA-seq analyses of a publicly available database showed significantly increased DMP1β mRNA in 43-55% of human breast cancers, dependent on histological subtypes. Similarly, DMP1β protein was found to be overexpressed in ∼60% of tumours relative to their surrounding normal tissue. Importantly, alteration of DMP1 splicing and DMP1β overexpression were associated with poor clinical outcomes of the breast cancer patients, indicating that DMP1β may have a biological function. Indeed, DMP1β increased proliferation of non-tumourigenic mammary epithelial cells and knockdown of endogenous DMP1 inhibited breast cancer cell growth. To determine DMP1β's role in vivo, we established MMTV-DMP1β transgenic mouse lines. DMP1β overexpression was sufficient to induce mammary gland hyperplasia and multifocal tumour lesions in mice at 7-18 months of age. The tumours formed were adenosquamous carcinomas with evidence of transdifferentiation and keratinized deposits. Overall, we identify alternative splicing as a mechanism utilized by cancer cells to modulate the DMP1 locus through diminishing DMP1α tumour suppressor expression, while simultaneously up-regulating the tumour-promoting DMP1β isoform.
Thermodynamics of losses in photovoltaic conversion (2007)

This letter presents a thermodynamic analysis of losses in an ideal solar cell. It is shown that the maximum voltage—corresponding to the voltage produced by a hot-carrier solar cell—is equal to the energy of the incident solar photon multiplied by the appropriate Carnot factor. Voltage generated by the usual p-n junction cell is lower on account of entropy generation through kinetic losses, photon cooling, and étendue expansion of the incident beam. Simple expressions can be obtained by an approximation where the energy and entropy changes are modeled by the corresponding expressions for a two-dimensional ideal photon gas.
Sensitivity control of optical fiber biosensors utilizing turnaround point long period gratings with self-assembled polymer coatings (2007)

Ionic self-assembled multilayers (ISAMs) adsorbed on long period fiber gratings (LPGs) can serve as an inexpensive, robust, portable, biosensor platform. The ISAM technique is a layer-by-layer deposition technique that creates thin films on the nanoscale level. The combination of ISAMs with LPGs yields exceptional sensitivity of the optical fiber transmission spectrum. We have shown theoretically that the resonant wavelength shift for a thin-film coated LPG can be caused by the variation of the film's refractive index and/or the variation of the thickness of the film. We have experimentally demonstrated that the deposition of nm-thick ISAM films on LPGs induces shifts in the resonant wavelength of > 1.6 nm per nm of thin film. It has also been shown that the sensitivity of the LPG to the thickness of the ISAM film increases with increased film thickness. We have further demonstrated that ISAM-coated LPGs can function effectively as biosensors by using the biotin-streptavidin system and by using the Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax) antibody- PA (Protective Antigen) system. Experiments have been successfully performed in both air and solution, which illustrates the versatility of the biosensor. The results confirm that ISAM-LPGs yield a reusable, thermally-stable, and robust platform for designing and building efficient optical biosensors.
Antibiotic resistance inNeisseria gonorrhoeae: origin, evolution, and lessons learned for the future (2011)

The strict human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae has caused gonorrhea for thousands of years, and currently gonorrhea is the second most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Given the ancient nature of N. gonorrhoeae and its unique obligate relationship with humankind over the millennia, its remarkable ability to adapt to the host immune system and cause repeated infections, and its propensity to develop resistance to all clinically useful antibiotics, the gonococcus is an ideal pathogen on which to study the evolution of bacterial pathogenesis, including antimicrobial resistance, over the long term and within the host during infection. Recently, the first gonococcus displaying high-level resistance to ceftriaxone, identified in Japan, was characterized in detail. Ceftriaxone is the last remaining option for empirical first-line treatment, and N. gonorrhoeae now seems to be evolving into a true "superbug." In the near future, gonorrhea may become untreatable in certain circumstances. Herein, the history of antibiotics used for treatment of gonorrhea, the evolution of resistance emergence in N. gonorrhoeae, the linkage between resistance and biological fitness of N. gonorrhoeae, lessons learned, and future perspectives are reviewed and discussed.
Synthesis of enantioenriched γ-quaternary cycloheptenones using a combined allylic alkylation/Stork–Danheiser approach: preparation of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic systems (2011)

A general method for the synthesis of β-substituted and unsubstituted cycloheptenones bearing enantioenriched all-carbon γ-quaternary stereocenters is reported. Hydride or organometallic addition to a seven-membered ring vinylogous ester followed by finely tuned quenching parameters achieves elimination to the corresponding cycloheptenone. The resulting enones are elaborated to bi- and tricyclic compounds with potential for the preparation of non-natural analogs and whose structures are embedded in a number of cycloheptanoid natural products.
Pictet-Spengler reactions in aprotic media (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPictet-Spengler reactions in aprotic mediaMikolaj Jawdosiuk and James M. CookCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 15, 2699–2701Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00189a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00189a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sequences That Direct Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene Expression (1992)

Investigation of neuroendocrine genes has revealed that transcription is regulated via multiple DNA binding sites, including the cyclic AMP response element (CRE). We show here that for the neuronal and chromaffin-specific gene tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a 70-bp region (-229 to -160) lacking the CRE is sufficient, in either orientation, to confer levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter expression equivalent to or greater than that conferred by 4.8 kb of the rat TH enhancer/promoter region. The 70-bp region contains potential binding sites for AP2, AP1, E2A/MyoD, and POU transcription factors, and functions when linked to the TH promoter, but not when joined to a heterologous RSV promoter. This demonstrates that promoter as well as enhancer elements are important for TH expression. In gel-shift assays, the 70-bp fragment forms a cell type-specific complex with nuclear extracts from TH-expressing cells. which is effectively competed by an oligonucleotide containing AP2, AP1, and E2A/MyoD (E box) sites, but not by one containing the POU site. These data suggest that the AP2, AP1, and/or E box sites may be involved in forming the cell-specific complex. Although it lacks an authentic CRE, the 70-bp region also mediated a twofold transcriptional response to forskolin, equivalent to that found with the endogenous gene. A different region (-60 to -29) bearing a consensus CRE mediated a sixfold increase in transcription in response to forskolin, but only minimally activated basal transcription from the TH promoter in the absence of forskolin.
Successful metabolic adaptations leading to the prevention of high fat diet-induced murine cardiac remodeling (2015)

We have identified changes in metabolic signaling in obese HFD fed MRL mice that confer resistance to diabetic cardiomyopathy. The changes include a reduction of cardiac pAMPK, Glut4 and hexokinase2 in the MRL HFD hearts. Overall the MRL hearts down regulate glucose metabolism and favor lipid metabolism. These adaptations are essential to pursue for the identification of novel therapeutic targets to combat obesity related cardiomyopathy.
Structure-Property Relationships of Poly(lactide)-based Triblock and Multiblock Copolymers (2016)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. February 2016. Major: Chemical Engineering. Advisor: Frank Bates. 1 computer file (PDF); xv, 197 pages.
Effects of Blacklight Trap Design and Placement on Catch of Adult Hickory Shuckworms13 (1972)

Seventeen comparisons of blacklight traps were made to determine the effects of trap components, ultraviolet output, killing agents, and trap placement on captures of Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch) moths, and on the total weight of all insects caught. Placement of traps dose to the fruiting area of a pecan tree was found to be the most important consideration, but catches of L. caryana were increased by increases in total output of ultraviolet radiation. Baffles on the trap did not aid in the catch of L. caryana and may increase the catch of unwanted insects. The closeness of the lamp to the collecting funnel appeared to be important, but an increase in the funnel diameter was of minor importance.
Gender and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2007)

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women is increasing, as is hospitalization for COPD. The number of women dying of COPD in the United States now surpasses men. Despite this, research suggests that physicians are still more likely to correctly diagnose men with COPD than women. Increased tobacco use in women likely explains some of the increase in the prevalence of COPD in women, but data suggest that women may actually be at greater risk of smoking-induced lung function impairment, more severe dyspnea, and poorer health status for the same level of tobacco exposure. The degree to which these observations represent biologic, physiologic, or sociologic differences is not known. Nonsmokers with COPD are also more likely to be female. In addition, new evidence is emerging that men and women may be phenotypically different in their response to tobacco smoke, with men being more prone to an emphysematous phenotype and women an airway predominant phenotype. Inasmuch as COPD is a disease of inflammation, it is also possible that sexual dimorphism of the human immune response may also be responsible for gender differences in the disease. More data are still needed on what the implications of these findings are on therapy. In this clinical commentary, we present current knowledge regarding how gender influences the epidemiology, diagnosis, and presentation of COPD in addition to physiologic and psychologic impairments and we attempt to offer insight into why these differences might exist and how this may influence therapeutic management.
Heat Transfer in a Rotating, Blade-Shaped, Two-Pass Cooling Channel With Various 45 Deg Rib Turbulators and a Tip Turning Vane (2022)

Abstract This work experimentally studied a rotating, blade-shaped, two-pass cooling channel with various 45 deg rib turbulators and a tip turning vane. The first passage of the cooling channel has an aspect ratio (AR) = 4:1 with the coolant moving radially outward. After a 180 deg blade-shaped tip turn, the coolant flows radially inward into the second passage with an AR = 2:1. The first and second passages are oriented at 50 deg and 105 deg from the rotation direction, respectively. In the tip turn portion, a tip turning vane with an oval cross section connects the mid-lines of the two passes. Two orientations of 45 deg angled ribs were considered in this work: unusual, and criss-cross. The ribs have a profiled cross section and were placed in-line (P/e = 10, e/H = 0.16) on the leading and trailing surfaces of the channel. Five inlet Reynolds numbers (10,000 to 45,000) and five rotational speeds (0–400 rpm) were considered in this study, with a maximum rotation number of Ro = 0.38 achieved in the first pass. The results showed that the reduction from the turning vane on heat transfer and pressure loss for the 45 deg unusual rib case was the lowest. The overall heat transfer for the criss-cross rib case was slightly increased by the turning vane. For pressure loss, the turning vane provided approximately 8% reduction in the 45 deg criss-cross rib case, which was the highest in the rib cases. The 45 deg criss-cross ribs presented the highest thermal performance with the turning vane.
Morphing Wing Flight Control Via Postbuckled Precompressed Piezoelectric Actuators (2007)

The design, modeling, and testing of a morphing wing for flight control of an uninhabited aerial vehicle is detailed. The design employed a new type of piezoelectric flight control mechanism which relied on axial precompression to magnify control deflections and forces simultaneously. This postbuckled precompressed bending actuator was oriented in the plane of the 12% thick wing and mounted between the end of a tapered D-spar at the 40% chord and a trailing-edge stiffener at the 98% chord. Axial precompression was generated in the piezoelectric elements by an elastic skin which covered the outside of the wing and served as the aerodynamic surface over the aft 70 % of the wing chord. A two-dimensional semi-analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method of assumed modes was used to predict the static and dynamic trailing-edge deflections as a function of the applied voltage and aerodynamic loading. It was shown that static trailing-edge deflections of ±3.1 deg could be attained statically and dynamically through 34 Hz, with excellent correlation between theory and experiment. Wind tunnel and flight tests showed that the postbuckled precompressed morphing wing increased roll control authority on a 1.4 meter span uninhabited aerial vehicle while reducing weight, slop, part-count, and power consumption.
Carcinogenesis by Ultraviolet Light (1959)

This book represents the culmination of over fifteen years of experimental and theoretical studies aimed at the elucidation of the process by which ultraviolet light induces cancer. In so far as possible the subject matter is treated from a quantitative point of view, whether dealing with the effects of ultraviolet light on isolated cells or on more integrated systems including the induction of cancer. A description of the course of carcinogenesis by ultraviolet light is presented, based on experimental data, in which cancer is treated as a growing tissue mass. This constitutes probably the most complete summary of a cancer process formulated up to this time. Originally published in 1959. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Performance of Polymeric Materials as Shielding for Cosmic Radiation (1996)

NASA LaRC's high-charge, high-energy nuclei transport codes are implemented to calculate the fluence of projectile fragments behind polymeric materials from energetic ion beams and to estimate their performance as shielding from galactic cosmic ray (GCR) for biological systems on long-term space missions. Energetic heavy ions fragment and lose energy upon interaction with shielding materials specified elemental composition, density, and thickness. The shield effectiveness is examined by using conventional quality factors to calculate the dose equivalents and also by using the probability of the neoplastic transformation ratio of shielded C3H10T1/2 mouse cells. The attenuation of biological effects within the shield and body tissues depends on the shielding nuclear properties. The results show that hydrogenous materials are good candidates for high-performance shields. The quantitative results vary with the biological model used.
Inhibition of Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation In Vitro by the 6- and 7-Hydroxy-Metabolites of Doxazosin, an α1-Adrenergic Antihypertensive Agent (1994)

Antioxidants may be of use in the prevention of coronary artery disease by inhibiting low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process that is believed to play an important role in atherogenesis. Because the structures of the 6- and 7-hydroxy-metabolites of doxazosin, an alpha 1-adrenergic-blocking antihypertensive agent, suggest that they might have antioxidant properties, studies were performed to determine whether these metabolites inhibit LDL oxidation. Micromolar concentrations of 6- and 7-hydroxydoxazosin, but not doxazosin itself, inhibited Cu(2+)-mediated oxidative modification of LDL in a dose-dependent fashion, similar to that observed with the lipophilic antioxidant, probucol. LDL modified in the presence of these metabolites was not taken up and degraded by macrophages to the same extent as LDL oxidized in their absence. In contrast to probucol, the antioxidant effect was lost after reisolation of LDL incubated with the metabolites. Whereas probucol, like vitamin E, sequesters with LDL, 3H-labeled 6- and 7-hydroxydoxazosin did not comigrate with lipoproteins on FPLC, but were associated with albumin and occurred free in solution. Thus, these metabolites of doxazosin may exert their antioxidant effect in the aqueous milieu of the lipoprotein, similar to vitamin C, and may be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis in hypertensive individuals.
Fast Keypoint Features From Laser Scanner for Robot Localization and Mapping (2016)

Detecting features in sensor measurements and distinguishing among them is an important capability for robot localization and navigation. Despite the wide diffusion of range finders, there are few works on keypoint features for 2-D LIDAR and there is potential for improvement over the existing methods. This letter proposes two novel keypoint detectors for the stable detection of interest points in laser measurements and two descriptors for robust associations. The features defined by combining keypoints and descriptors allow stable and efficient place recognition. Experiments with standard benchmark datasets assess the performance of the detectors and descriptors investigated. One of the proposed features, termed FALKO-BSC, achieves higher repeatability score and similar descriptor performance compared with the FLIRT state-of-the-art feature. FALKO-BSC is also shown to enable effective localization.
Crystal and molecular structure of N‐acetyl N‐hydroxy α‐amino acids (1987)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of racemic ( DL ) N ‐acetyl‐ N ‐hydroxyvaline and 2‐( N ‐acetyl‐ N ‐hydroxyamino)butyric acid have been determined from three‐dimensional X‐ray data. The crystals of both compounds are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / a . The molecular conformation of these amino acid derivatives is similar, as far as the Φ torsion angle is concerned, but the ψ values are significantly different. In the crystal structures of both compounds, two series of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (HB's) are present: NOH…O  COH HB's link the N ‐hydroxy and carboxylic groups, while OCOH…OCN HB's link the carboxylic and N ‐hydroxyamidic groups.
Ergotamine Tartrate Dependency (1986)

Based on our clinical experience and the data reviewed and presented in this report, we propose that a state of physical dependency to ergotamine tartrate exists. This dependency state is characterized by the irresistible and dependable use of ergotamine tartrate and is contingent upon a self-sustaining, rhythmic headache/medication cycle that reflects the dependency. The headache and accompaniments (withdrawal headache?) represent the primary withdrawal symptoms. The presence of this state appears to render patients refractory to other forms of preventative therapy, which can be effective only when ergotamine is discontinued and the cycle broken. If the condition is left untreated, it is likely though by no means certain that the more traditional aspects of ergotism will evolve, although variable susceptibility and tolerance to ergotamine tartrate have been demonstrated. The mechanism of this disorder remains uncertain but might be related to the influence of ergotamine tartrate on the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other aminergic centers (locus ceruleus), areas considered by some as the central loci for the pathogenesis and associated symptoms of migraine.
Comparison of Bi-Directional Sound Propagation in a Current Rip Region between Tsugaru Warm Eddy and Oyashio Cold Water Mass (2016)

East of the Sanriku coast, there are three water masses, namely Tsugaru Warm current (TuWE), Kurisio extension, and Oyashio cold current (OyCWM). A current rip is generated in the region by which the warm water mass and the cold water mass are bounded. Sound propagation is influenced by the current rip region. In this study, bi-directional propagation along 41°N off the Sanriku coast is investigated. As a result, when the receiver was at a shallow depth with the sound source approaching from OyCWM to TuWE, the transmission loss (TL) is large until it approached the receiver near the shallow source. The combination of a shallow source and a deep receiver has a similar result. When the receiver comes close to the source, the TL decreases greatly because of the correspondence between the receiver position and the position of the bottom reflection. When the receiver is approached to the sound source in OyCWM from TuWE, the TL decreases as the receiver depth increases. Because the sound channel (SC) propagation predominates in OyCWM, the receiver depth can reduce the TL near the SC axis.