gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformational Electronics: Towards Flexible Low-Cost High Mobility Channel Materials (2014)

For the last four decades, Si CMOS technology has been advancing with Moore’s law prediction, working itself down to the sub-20 nm regime. However, fundamental problems and limitations arise with the down-scaling of transistors and thus new innovations needed to be discovered in order to further improve device performance without compromising power consumption and size. Thus, a lot of studies have focused on the development of new CMOS compatible architectures as well as the discovery of new high mobility channel materials that will allow further miniaturization of CMOS transistors and improvement of device performance. Pushing the limits even further, flexible and foldable electronics seem to be the new attractive topic. By being able to make our devices flexible through a CMOS compatible process, one will be able to integrate hundreds of billions of more transistors in a small volumetric space, allowing to increase the performance and speed of our electronics all together with making things thinner, lighter, smaller and even interactive with the human skin. Thus, in this thesis, we introduce for the first time a cost-effective CMOS compatible approach to make high-k/metal gate devices on flexible Germanium (Ge) and Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) platforms. In the first part, we will look at the various approaches in the literature that has been developed to get flexible platforms, as well as we will give a brief overview about epitaxial growth of Si1-xGex films. We will also examine the electrical properties of the Si1-xGex alloys up to Ge (x=1) and discuss how strain affects the band structure diagram, and thus the mobility of the material. We will also review the material growth properties as well as the state-of-the-art results on high mobility metal-oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) using strained SiGe films. Then, we will introduce the flexible process that we have developed, based on a cost-effective “trench-protect-release-reuse” approach, utilizing the industry’s most used bulk Si (100) wafers, and discuss how it has been used for getting flexible and semi-transparent SiGe and Ge platforms. Finally, we examine the electrical characteristics of our materials through the fabrication of high-k/metal gate MOSCAPs with SiGe and Ge as channel material. We present their electrical performance on both non- flexible and flexible platform and discuss further improvement that has to be made in order to get better behaving devices for future MOSFET fabrication.
Admission Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesion Volume in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score of ≥6 Points (2019)

Background and Purpose- We hypothesized that the pial collateral status at the time of presentation could predict the infarct size on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with similar degrees of early ischemic changes on computed tomography. We tested the association between serial changes in collateral status and infarct volume defined on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with large vessel occlusion and small core. Methods- Consecutive patients who were candidates for endovascular treatment (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] of ≥6 points) and who underwent both pretreatment multiphasic computed tomography angiography (mCTA) and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The baseline early ischemic changes and collateral status were determined using both mCTA and magnetic resonance imaging-based collateral maps. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted estimates of the effect of collateral status on predicting MR DWI lesion volume before endovascular treatment. Results- Of 65 patients (39 men; median age, 76 years; median ASPECTS, 8 points [range, 6-10]), 10 (15.4%), 8 (12.3%), and 47 (72.3%) presented poor, intermediate, and good collaterals on mCTA, respectively. After adjusting for the initial stroke severity, ASPECTS, time to DWI, and mismatch volume, the mCTA collateral grade was the only factor independently associated with the DWI lesion volume (β=-35.657, SE mean=3.539; <i>P</i><0.0001). An excellent correlation between the mCTA- and magnetic resonance imaging-based collateral grades was observed (matching grade seen in 92.3%), suggesting a collateral status persistence during the hyperacute stroke phase. Conclusions- The mCTA assessed collateral adequacy is the sole predictor of eventual DWI lesion volume before endovascular treatment. The added value of collateral assessment in early ischemic changes and large vessel occlusion for decision-making regarding more aggressive revascularizations requires further evaluation. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03234634 and NCT02668627.
Separation, structural determination and biological evaluation of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 3,3‐Di‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐6(7)‐chloro‐1‐oxo‐1H,3H‐naphtho[1,8‐cd]pyran (1999)

Abstract The chloro substituted 3,3‐di‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐oxo‐1 H ,3 H ‐naphtho[1,8‐ cd ]pyran was synthesized in a 40/60 mixture of C 6 or C 7 substituted isomers, respectively. The two isomers were separated by hplc. The X‐ray crystal structure of the mixture was obtained. Both the mixture and the single isomers were tested against Lactobacillus Casei thymidylate synthase. The X‐ray analysis clearly revealed co‐crystallization of the two isomeric species. The apparent Ki of the mixture was 0.8 mu M , while those of the C 6 and C 7 substituted isomers were 0.42 and 0.52 mu M , respectively, thus showing that the position of the chlorine in the naphthalene ring was not critical for enzymatic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Colloidal Polymers in Aqueous Media (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Further observations on the epidemiology and spread of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southeastern Australia and a recommended sampling strategy for surveillance (1999)

Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) is an iridovirus confined to Australia and is known only from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and redfin perch Perca fluviatilis. Outbreaks of disease caused by EHNV in trout populations have invariably been of low severity, affecting only 0+ post-hatchery phase fingerlings < 125 mm in length. To date the virus has been demonstrated in very few live in-contact fish, and anti-EHNV antibodies have not been found in survivors of outbreaks, suggesting low infectivity but high case fatality rates in trout. During an on-going study on an endemically infected farm (Farm A) in the Murrumbidgee River catchment of southeastern New South Wales, EHNV infection was demonstrated in 4 to 6 wk old trout fingerlings in the hatchery as well as in 1+ to 2+ grower fish. During a separate investigation of mortalities in 1+ to 2+ trout on Farm B in the Shoalhaven River catchment in southeastern New South Wales, EHNV infection was demonstrated in both fingerlings and adult fish in association with nocardiosis. A 0.7% prevalence of antibodies against EHNV was detected by ELISA in the serum of grower fish at this time, providing the first evidence that EHNV might not kill all infected trout. EHNV infection on Farm B occurred after transfer of fingerlings from Farm C in the Murrumbidgee river catchment. When investigated, there were no obvious signs of diseases on Farm C. 'Routine' mortalities were collected over 10 d on Farm C and EHNV was detected in 2.1% of 190 fish. Tracing investigations of sources of supply of fingerlings to Farm B also led to investigation of Farm D in Victoria, where the prevalence of anti-EHNV antibodies in 3+ to 4+ fish was 1.3%. The results of this study indicate that EHNV may be found in trout in all age classes, need not be associated with clinically detectable disease in the population, can be transferred with shipments of live fish, can be detected in a small proportion of 'routine' mortalities and may be associated with specific antibodies in a small proportion of older fish. Sampling to detect EHNV for certification purposes should be based on examination of 'routine' mortalities rather than random samples of live fish. Antigen-capture ELISA can be used as a cost effective screening test to detect EHNV on a farm provided that sampling rates conform with statistical principles.
Two Peas in a POD: Faculty Development and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (2013)

MountainRise, the International Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning v.8 n.1 Spring 2013 Peas in a POD: Faculty Development and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Laura Cruz, Editor When Ernest Boyer originally wrote about SoTL, he called it the Scholarship of Teaching. The “L” part of SoTL, learning, was added later to acknowledge the deep relationship between teaching and learning that had arisen from the learning-centered revolution in higher education pedagogy (Hutchings & Shulman, 1999). Since that time, SoTL has emphasized and, indeed, celebrated the primacy of student learning outcomes as evidence of effective practice. It is easy, however, to downplay the T, teaching. At the institutional level, SoTL initiative are often housed in Centers for Teaching and Learning (CTLs), which are focused on SoTL as part of comprehensive faculty development programs. What CTLs have found is that the production of SoTL solidifies and rewards teaching as a reflective act, and the consumption of SoTL promotes and encourages innovation and collaboration. The articles in the Spring 2013 issue of MountainRise share a focus on the “t” and highlight the contributions of SoTL work to the professional development of highly effective teachers.
Modulated Model Predictive Control for Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Converter-Based Static Synchronous Compensator (2021)

The model predictive control (MPC) methods have been widely applied due to the fast dynamic performance and multiple control targets. However, they show certain limits when applied to the multilevel converters, such as unfixed switching frequency, large computation burden, and complex weighting factors selection. This article proposes a novel modulated MPC (M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PC) method for cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter-based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Instead of multitarget integration and weighting factor design, the proposed method disintegrates the voltage balancing control process from the cost function. The evaluated control sets for output current control is decided by the search step and the search range in each period. By proper design and selection of the adaptive search step for the output voltage references under <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α–β</i> coordinate, the search range can be reduced, which greatly reduces the number of evaluated control sets in each control period. Therefore, the dynamic of output characteristics and the low computation burden of the MPC method are guaranteed simultaneously. In addition, with the simple and independent integration of the capacitor voltage balancing control, the proposed method can be easily applied in the CHB converter-based STATCOM application. Furthermore, this article provides a delay compensation for the prediction process, and it provides a fixed switching frequency for each H-bridge cell. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PC method.
High-Throughput and Multiplexed LC/MS/MRM Method for Targeted Metabolomics (2010)

Target-based metabolomics, focused on a subset of metabolites representative of key pathways, is a valuable tool for assessing metabolic changes resulting from genetic mutation, altered gene expression, and protein dysfunction in a given disease state or as a consequence of an environmental perturbation, such as a pharmaceutical. However, simultaneously analyzing hundreds of endogenous metabolites presents a challenge because of their diverse chemical structures and properties. In this study, we report a high-throughput, sensitive, and reproducible method for target-based metabolomics studies. It combines different separation conditions, optimal ionization polarities, and the most sensitive triple-quadrupole MS-based data acquisition mode (MRM). In 10 min, 205 endogenous metabolites, divided into three subgroups (amino acids, sugar and nucleic acids, and organic acids), are sequentially analyzed on a LC/MS/MRM system. Low picogram sensitivity is achieved for more than half of the metabolites. A 3-4 order of linearity and assay coefficient of variation less than 15% are observed for approximately 80% of the metabolites. In summary, we have established a multiplex LC/MS/MRM method for quantitatively profiling hundreds of known metabolites from complex biological samples. The methodology is generally applicable and easily expandable to include more endogenous or drug metabolites.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Stress Response Protein Cirp Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2. Association between Cirp and IL-17, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL or Sox2 in the colonic mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Scatter plot of relative mRNA levels of Cirp and respective genes in human colonic mucosa.&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical Experience with Electromechanical Impactor (1993)

The electromechanical impactor is a 3.0F electrohydraulic electrode within a stainless steel sheath attached to a distal compression spring with a conical titanium tip. Each electrical discharge causes a 2.7 mm. tip extension and a kinetic impact energy of 900 bar. It is 5F, flexible and placed within the straight working port of a 9.5F to 10.0F rigid or semirigid ureteroscope. A clinical trial was performed and 15 patients (16 ureters with calculi) were treated with this device. An upper ureteral stone partially fragmented and migrated cephalad, 1 stone failed to break and was basket extracted, and there was 1 machine failure. The 13 other calculi were successfully broken to fragments less than 5 mm. In 2 patients baskets were also used to remove the larger monohydrate fragments. A secondary procedure was required to basket a 4 mm. calcium oxalate monohydrate fragment in a patient with 3 ureteral calculi. The average size of the calculi was 14 mm. in largest diameter. Excluding the machine failure, the average number of pulses required for fragmentation was 764. The life of each device was 600 to 800 pulses. Of the 15 cases 1 electrode was used in 10, 2 in 3 and 3 in 2. There was no evidence of ureteral wall injury, abrasion or perforation. The electromechanical impactor is a safe and effective method of ureteral stone fragmentation.
Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection Induces an Apoptosis-Resistant Phenotype Associated with Decreased Expression of p27 kip1 (2000)

column 2, line 22: "CagA Ϫ mutant strains" should read "CagA Ϫ strains."Page 5324, column 2, lines 7 and 8 from bottom: "cagA-negative mutant bacteria" should read "cagA-negative bacteria."Page 5326, column 2, line 19 from bottom: "cagA-negative mutant H. pylori" should read "cagA-negative H. pylori."Page 5326, column 2, line 14 from bottom: "cag-negative mutant strains"
Targeted Disruption of the Gene Encoding Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3γ Results in Reduced Transcription of Hepatocyte-Specific Genes (1998)

The winged helix transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 3gamma (HNF3gamma) is expressed in embryonic endoderm and its derivatives liver, pancreas, stomach, and intestine, as well as in testis and ovary. We have generated mice carrying an Hnf3g-lacZ fusion which deletes most of the HNF3gamma coding sequence as well as 5.5 kb of 3' flanking region. Mice homozygous for the mutation are fertile, develop normally, and show no morphological defects. The mild phenotype change of the Hnf3g-/- mice can be explained in part by an upregulation of HNF3alpha and HNF3beta in the liver of the mutant animals. Analysis of steady-state mRNA levels as well as transcription rates showed that levels of expression of several HNF3 target genes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, transferrin, tyrosine aminotransferase) were reduced by 50 to 70%, indicating that HNF3gamma is an important activator of these genes in vivo.
Regulated Degradation of Yeast Ornithine Decarboxylase (1999)

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) declines in cells that accumulate an excess of polyamines, the downstream products of the enzyme. Superfluous production of polyamines is thus prevented. In animal cells, polyamines reduce ODC activity by accelerating its degradation. Similar down-regulation of ODC activity has been observed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but induced degradation has not been documented. Here we show using pulse-chase analysis that the loss of enzyme activity is the result of increased degradation of ODC. Polyamines reduce the half-life of the newly synthesized protein from 3 h to approximately 10 min. Degradation of bulk ODC pools is also accelerated by polyamines, but the absolute rate of turnover is slower, with a half-life of 5 h in untreated and 1 h in treated cells. Newly synthesized ODC polypeptide thus undergoes a process of maturation that renders it relatively resistant to both basal and polyamine-induced degradation. Proteasome mutants have a blunted or absent regulatory response, implicating both the core protease and the regulatory cap of the proteasome in induced degradation of yeast ODC.
Development of a non-invasive real-time measurement system of wave intensity (2002)

Time-normalized wave intensity (WI) is a new hemodynamic index, which is defined as (dP/dt)(dU/dt) at any site of the circulation, where dP/dt and dU/dt are the time derivatives of blood pressure and velocity, respectively. WI provides information about the dynamic behavior of the heart and vascular system and their interaction. We have developed a new real-time measurement system for obtaining WI based on a conventional color Doppler system. The blood pressure waveforms were obtained non-invasively from the arterial diameter-change waveforms by an echo-tracking method. Using a 7.5 MHz linear array probe, we obtained carotid arterial WI, and analyzed the characteristics of the heart and vascular interactions. The results suggest that the system has great potential for clinical usefulness.
Säureamid‐Reaktionen, XXV. Über die Umsetzungen von 1.3‐Dimethyl‐barbitursäure mit Carbonsäure‐ und Thiocarbonsäureamiden (1961)

Abstract 1.3‐Dimethyl‐barbitursäure setzt sich mit Carbonsäure‐ und Thiocarbonsäureamiden sowie deren N ‐monosubstituierten Derivaten zu Enaminen, mit N.N ‐disubstituierten Derivaten zu Oxonolen um.
Array‐based profiling of ragweed and mugwort pollen allergens (2008)

Molecule-based diagnosis provides essential information for the differential diagnosis between ragweed and mugwort pollen allergy and for the selection of the appropriate allergen source for specific immunotherapy.
Distributed LC Resonant Clock Grid Synthesis (2012)

Clock distribution networks can consume 35-70% of total chip power in high-performance designs. Resonant clocks can potentially reduce this power by recycling the energy using on-chip inductors. We propose the first automated algorithm called Resonant clOCK Synthesis (ROCKS) that includes distributed LC tank placement, a novel AC-based resonant grid buffer sizing, and resonant grid buffer incremental placement optimization. Experimental results show that using inductors limited to 30% of one metal layer, the resonant clock power can be reduced at least by 40% and the clock buffer area is reduced by at least 53% on average. With larger inductors, it is feasible to achieve up to 90% power savings.
Formation and Growth of Molecular Clusters Containing Sulfuric Acid, Water, Ammonia, and Dimethylamine (2014)

The structures and thermochemistry of molecular clusters containing sulfuric acid, water, ammonia, and/or dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH or DMA) are explored using a combination of Monte Carlo configuration sampling, semiempirical calculations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Clusters are of the general form [(BH(+))n(HSO4(-))n(H2O)y], where B = NH3 or DMA, 2 ≤ n ≤ 8, and 0 ≤ y ≤ 10. Cluster formulas are written based on the computed structures, which uniformly show proton transfer from each sulfuric acid molecule to a base molecule while the water molecules remain un-ionized. Cluster formation is energetically favorable, owing to strong electrostatic attraction among the ions. Water has a minor effect on the energetics of cluster formation, lowering the free energy of formation by ∼ 10% depending on the cluster size and number of water molecules. Cluster growth (addition of one base molecule and one sulfuric acid molecule to a pre-existing cluster) and base substitution (substituting DMA for ammonia) are also energetically favorable processes for both anhydrous and hydrated clusters. However, the effect of water is different for different bases. Hydrated ammonium bisulfate clusters have a more favorable free energy for growth (i.e., incrementing n with fixed y) than anhydrous clusters, while the reverse is observed for dimethylammonium bisulfate clusters, where the free energy for growth is more favorable for anhydrous clusters. The substitution of DMA for ammonia in bisulfate clusters is favorable but exhibits a complex water dependence. Base substitution in smaller bisulfate clusters is enhanced by the presence of water, while base substitution in larger bisulfate clusters is less favorable for hydrated clusters than that for anhydrous clusters. While DMA substitution can stabilize small clusters containing one or a few sulfuric acid molecules, the free energy advantage of forming amine clusters relative to ammonia clusters becomes less pronounced at larger sizes, especially when the effect of water is considered.
[Antiarrhythmia active amidinohydrazone substituted benzophenones. 5. The stability of (Z)-2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone amidinohydrazone acetate in solution]. (1993)

The aqueous solution of the title compound can be used for injection for one year if it is stored at room temperature and under light protection. Under these conditions 8% of the E-isomer are produced. The reaction is reversible at day light. Red coloured products of decomposition are formed by long lasting influence of light. At higher temperatures or at sterilisation several products of decomposition are formed which structure is elucidated. For these decomposition a scheme is proposed.
Water related impact of energy: Cost and carbon footprint analysis of water for biopharmaceuticals from tap to waste (2020)

Manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals requires high quality water. Overall conditions for production of clean water vary across the globe due to availability and quality. We combined economic and ecological modeling to assess energy consumption of water production from tap to waste. We defined a metric, the WAter Related Impact of ENergy (WARIEN) to directly correlate the amount of CO2 emitted per kg biopharmaceutical and included membrane- and distillation-based methods for clean water production. Three scenarios for production of antibodies with a 500 L fed-batch fermentation with stainless steel, or single-use or a 100 L perfusion were assessed. The WARIEN varied from 16 to 89 kg CO2/kg antibody. Highest is the production with perfusion in stainless steel using distillation-based water and lowest the fed-batch with single-use using membrane-based water. The water related costs per kg product and the WARIEN correlate and therefore can be used as a design criterion.