gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomised crossover trial of rate responsive Activitrax and conventional fixed rate ventricular pacing. (1987)

Atrial tracking pacemakers may improve exercise capacity and symptoms because they maintain atrioventricular synchrony and preserve the physiological response of heart rate to exercise. A rate responsive pacemaker which reacts to physical activity may be effective in patients with sinus node disease who are unsuitable for VDD pacing. At least three months after implant a double blind randomised short and long term crossover study was performed in ten patients with complete heart block: block was present at rest and during exercise on a modified Bruce protocol. Symptoms were assessed on a visual analogue scale and exercise capacity (maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold) was measured during rate responsive (peak rate 125/min) and conventional fixed rate (VVI) pacing (70/min). One month after randomisation treadmill exercise was performed. The mode was then changed to the other pacing mode and exercise was repeated three hours later. After another month the process was repeated but in the reverse order. During long term assessment there was subjective improvement in the sensation of breathlessness with rate responsive pacing. During short term assessment maximal oxygen consumption increased and the benefit was maintained during long term rate responsive compared with long term VVI pacing; oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold was similarly improved. Activity detecting rate responsive pacing is better than fixed rate ventricular pacing in patients with complete atrioventricular block.
Mothers' Coping Strategies as Child and Family Care Service Applicants (2005)

The central position of parents, in particular, mothers, in childcare has been the focus of much recent legislation and research in social work. This is evident in notions such as parental responsibility, family support and prevention. However, while family support and prevention have invited consideration of what formal and informal services can do to help families with difficulties, there has been less focus on what these families, particularly parents, do for themselves. This is particularly important where thresholds for receipt of sustained social services intervention are so high, leaving families with considerable problems and needs without access to sustained intervention. Drawing upon Coping Theory, this paper seeks to begin to answer the question: how do these families (specifically the mother, who is generally the primary caregiver) cope? Focusing on families who have been service applicants, but not taken on to caseload, this paper focuses on the coping strategies employed by mothers in adversity, how these strategies vary, and how well the women themselves feel they have coped. Amongst the findings, there was evidence of significant differences in problem severity and profile, as well as coping strategy, according to age of child; of a relationship between problem severity and ‘effort for coping’; and that there was a strong relationship between problem severity and women’s rating of their coping, although only in relation to parenting. The paper emphasizes women as active problem solvers in their own right, and the theoretical importance of integrating coping with the notion of prevention.
Atmospheric Pressure Femtosecond Laser Imaging Mass Spectrometry (2009)

We present a novel imaging mass spectrometry technique using femtosecond laser pulses to ionize the sample at atmospheric pressure and without the need of a laser-absorbing matrix. A 10µm-resolution image of biological tissue is demonstrated.
of nonlinear time series (2001)

In this paper a nonlinear prediction method based on a Set Mcmbcrship approach is proposcd. Such method does not need any assumption about the functional form of thc model used for prcdiction, but uses only some information on its regularity. At thc contrary, most of the existing prediction methods need the choicc of a model structure and this choicc is usually thc result of heuristic searches. Thcsc searches may be quite time consuming, and lead only to approximatc modcl structurcs, whosc crrors may be responsible of bad propagation of prediction errors, especially for the multi-step ahcad prediction. Moreovcr, the mcthod proposed in this papcr assumcs only that the noisc is boundcd, in contrast with statistical approaches, which rcly on assumptions such as stationarity, crgodicity, uncorrelation, typc of distribution, etc. The validity of these assumptions may be difficult to be rcliably tested in many applications, whcrc scrics of short lcngth are availablc, and is ccrtainly lost in prcscncc of approximatc modeling. Thc effectivcncss of thc method is tcsted on simulated data and real word data (Wolf Sunspot Numbers scries), comparing thc obtained prcdiction pcrformanccs with thosc obtained by mcthods bascd on neural networks and on statistical models.
Changes in the Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Mutagenicity of Fish after Sun-Drying and Broiling (1991)

The mutagenicity of the ether extract from sun-dried and broiled saurel (Trachurus japonicus) was examined in S. typhimurium TA 100. The level of lipid peroxidation of the fish was also assayed. Sun-drying and broiling promoted lipid peroxidation and increased the mutagenic activity. Although the mutagenic activity (without S9) was not seen in the ether extract from raw fish, it was produced and increased during the processes of sun-drying and broiling.The ether extract from sun-dried (12hr) and broiled saurel induced 409 revertants/20mg. After fractionation through a Sep-Pak silica cartridge, the ethylacetate (AcOEt) fraction showed the highest mutagenic activity. The activity was decreased by the addition of sodium sulfite in a dose-dependent manner, and the presence of carbonyl compounds including methylglyoxal (MG) was demonstrated. The MG content found by HPLC was 6.16μg in the AcOEt fraction from 20mg of ether extract. MG appears to be formed through the process of peroxidation of fish lipid during sun-drying and broiling.
Self-Limiting Aggregation by Controlled Ligand−Receptor Stoichiometry (2000)

Colloidal aggregation can be made self-limiting by controlling the ratio of reactive groups (ligands such as biotin coupled to phospholipids and incorporated in a vesicle membrane) on the colloid surface to cross-linking agents (multifunctional receptors such as avidin or streptavidin) in solution. A distinct transition occurs between limited and complete aggregation as a function of the ligand-to-receptor ratio. The “limited” aggregates formed are spherical in nature with a fractal dimension of 2.9. The size of the aggregates depends on the overall concentration of surface accessible biotin-ligands, which can be controlled either by the biotin-lipid fraction in the bilayer at fixed vesicle concentration, or by increasing the vesicle concentration at fixed biotin-lipid fraction. The spherical shapes and concentration dependence are the result of the free diffusion of the ligands on the vesicle surfaces. A simple model of the process based on Smolukowski aggregation kinetics coupled with a Langmuir-type surface reaction is consistent with experiment. This process might be generalized to any system of colloids with surface reactive groups that can be coupled by a soluble cross-linking agent.
The Effect of Naproxen and Interleukin‐1 on Proteoglycan Catabolism and on Neutral Metalloproteinase Activity in Normal Articular Cartilage In Vitro (1993)

The events in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases involve major changes in the metabolic events in the articular cartilage. The effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on articular cartilage metabolism remain unclear, however. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of one commonly used NSAID, naproxen sodium, on the catabolism of proteoglycans in articular cartilage expiants maintained in culture. Release of proteoglycan from the cartilage was compared with release of neutral metalloproteinase activity. The effect of the drug also was determined on the IL‐1‐stimulated release of proteoglycan and neutral metalloproteinase activity from the expiants. At concentrations that included those present in synovial fluids of patients treated with the drug, naproxen sodium was found to suppress the release of proteoglycan and neutral metalloproteinase activity from the articular cartilage extracts. This is in contrast to the well‐documented effect of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), which was shown to stimulate release of proteoglycan and neutral metalloproteinase activity from articular cartilage. The effect of naproxen sodium on the IL‐1‐stimulated release was to suppress, but not totally overcome, the increased release of proteoglycan and neutral metalloproteinase activity. In summary, these in vitro studies of cartilage metabolism indicate that naproxen sodium has the potential to suppress catabolic activities in articular cartilage, including those that are motivated by IL‐1.
Impact of Cell Type and Density on Nerve Growth Factor Distribution and Bioactivity in 3-Dimensional Collagen Gel Cultures (2006)

Local delivery of protein agents is potentially important in many tissue engineering systems. In this report, we evaluate an experimental system for measuring the rate of nerve growth factor (NGF) transport and biological activity within a 3-dimensional, tissue-like environment. Fetal brain cells or PC12 cells were suspended throughout collagen gel cultures; controlled-release matrices were used to control the spatial and temporal pattern of NGF release. Experimentally measured concentration profiles were compared to profiles predicted by a mathematical model encompassing diffusion and first-order elimination. Our results suggest that NGF moves through gels by diffusion while being eliminated at a rate that depends on cell density. Since diffusion and elimination also govern protein transport in brain tissue, the collagen gel serves as a model system that replicates the main features of transport in the brain and, therefore, can be used to identify new strategies that enhance NGF distribution in the central nervous system. As an example of the utility of this biophysical model, we demonstrate that implantation of multiple controlled-release matrices can broaden NGF distribution in gel cultures; this broadening was accompanied by a significant increase in cellular biological activity. This approach may be useful in customizing NGF distribution throughout degenerating or damaged central nervous system tissue while minimizing toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue.
Epileptic seizures in diffuse low-grade gliomas in adults (2013)

Diffuse low-grade gliomas are highly epileptogenic brain tumours. We aimed to explore the natural course of epileptic seizures, their predictors and the prognostic significance of their occurrence in adult patients harbouring a diffuse low-grade glioma. An observational retrospective multicentre study examined 1509 patients with diffuse low-grade gliomas to identify mutual interactions between tumour characteristics, tumour course and epileptic seizures. At diagnosis, 89.9% of patients had epileptic seizures. Male gender (P = 0.003) and tumour location within functional areas (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of a history of epileptic seizures at diagnosis. Tumour volume, growth velocity, cortical location, histopathological subtype or molecular markers did not significantly affect epileptic seizure occurrence probability. Prolonged history of epileptic seizures (P < 0.001), insular location (P = 0.003) and tumour location close to functional areas (P = 0.038) were independent predictors of uncontrolled epileptic seizures at diagnosis. Occurrence of epileptic seizures (P < 0.001), parietal (P = 0.029) and insular (P = 0.002) locations were independent predictors of uncontrolled epileptic seizures after oncological treatment. Patient age (P < 0.001), subtotal (P = 0.007) and total (P < 0.001) resections were independent predictors of total epileptic seizure control after oncological treatment. History of epileptic seizures at diagnosis and total surgical resection were independently associated with increased malignant progression-free (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) and overall (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016) survivals. Epileptic seizures are independently associated with diffuse low-grade glioma prognosis. Patients diagnosed with epileptic seizures and those with complete and early surgical resections have better oncological outcomes. Early and maximal surgical resection is thus required for diffuse low-grade gliomas, both for oncological and epileptological purposes.
Effect of Temperature on Enzymes in the Pathway of Starch Biosynthesis in Developing Wheat and Maize Grain (1994)

Soluble starch synthase (SSS) is shown to be a major site of control of flux through the pathway of starch synthesis in developing wheat and maize grain. Temperatures above 25ºC adversely affect flux, and therefore, limit yield. This process is linked to SSS which is heat sensitive. Two apparently different properties of SSS can be identified which differ in the period required before full activity is restored after heat treatment. First, enzyme rate is adversely affected by elevated temperature, an effect which is reversible on returning to a lower temperature. The effect on enzyme rate was quantified using enzyme Q10 which was found to begin to be sub-optimal above 20ºC. Second, with a prolonged period of exposu;e to elevated temperature there is a loss of enzyme activity which is not freely reversible which we have termed thermal inactivation. Although this occurs at temperatures in excess of 20ºC in wheat, higher temperatures of more than 30ºC are needed in maize SSS. Elevated temperature did not affect the inherent stability or Q10 characteristics of other enzymes in the pathway of starch synthesis except for branching enzyme which we believe has minimal flux-control strength. SSS thermal inactivation may not be a major problem in field conditions for developing maize grain, because temperatures rarely are high enough. However, we suggest that the effect on enzyme Q10 is more physiologically relevant, since maize SSS is operating sub-optimally as temperatures exceed 20ºC. Calculations of the reductions in maize US corn-belt yield showed that significant yield improvement might be obtained by a 5ºC shift in the temperature optimum. Thus selections for a more temperature tolerant form of maize SSS were conducted using enzyme Q10 as a selection tool. Of several hundred maize specimens screened, two were found to be significantly different. However, attempts to use backcross breeding to transfer this trait from the tropical donor to another line have not yet succeeded. Transgenic approaches to altering relations of starch deposition are now underway.
Creativity: Generating Diverse Questions Using Variational Autoencoders (2017)

Generating diverse questions for given images is an important task for computational education, entertainment and AI assistants. Different from many conventional prediction techniques is the need for algorithms to generate a diverse set of plausible questions, which we refer to as creativity. In this paper we propose a creative algorithm for visual question generation which combines the advantages of variational autoencoders with long short-term memory networks. We demonstrate that our framework is able to generate a large set of varying questions given a single input image.
Allosteric Regulation in the Ligand Binding Domain of Retinoic Acid Receptorγ (2017)

Retinoic acid (RA) plays key roles in cell differentiation and growth arrest through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. While the main trigger of RAR activation is the binding of RA, phosphorylation of the receptors has also emerged as an important regulatory signal. Phosphorylation of the RARγ N-terminal domain (NTD) is known to play a functional role in neuronal differentiation. In this work, we investigated the phosphorylation of RARγ ligand binding domain (LBD), and present evidence that the phosphorylation status of the LBD affects the phosphorylation of the NTD region. We solved the X-ray structure of a phospho-mimetic mutant of the LBD (RARγ S371E), which we used in molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the consequences of the S371E mutation on the RARγ structural dynamics. Combined with simulations of the wild-type LBD, we show that the conformational equilibria of LBD salt bridges (notably R387-D340) are affected by the S371E mutation, which likely affects the recruitment of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the NTD. The molecular dynamics simulations also showed that a conservative mutation in this salt bridge (R387K) affects the dynamics of the LBD without inducing large conformational changes. Finally, cellular assays showed that the phosphorylation of the NTD of RARγ is differentially regulated by retinoic acid in RARγWT and in the S371N, S371E and R387K mutants. This multidisciplinary work highlights an allosteric coupling between phosphorylations of the LBD and the NTD of RARγ and supports the importance of structural dynamics involving electrostatic interactions in the regulation of RARs activity.
Addressing next-generation wireless challenges with commercial software-defined radio platforms (2016)

We review commercially available software- defined radio platforms and classify them with respect to their ability to enable rapid prototyping of next-generation wireless systems. In particular, we first discuss the research challenges imposed by the latest software-defined radio enabling technologies including both analog and digital processing hardware. Then we present the state-of-the-art commercial software-defined radio platforms, describe their software and hardware capabilities, and classify them based on their ability to enable rapid prototyping and advance experimental research in wireless networking. Finally, we present three experimental testbed scenarios (wireless terrestrial, aerial, and underwater) and argue that the development of a system design abstraction could significantly improve the efficiency of the prototyping and testbed implementation process.
Super-oxidized “activated graphene” as 3D analogue of defect graphene oxide: Oxidation degree vs U(VI) sorption (2023)

Porous carbons are not favorable for sorption of heavy metals and radionuclides due to absence of suitable binding sites. In this study we explored the limits for surface oxidation of "activated graphene" (AG), porous carbon material with the specific surface area of ∼2700 m<sup>2</sup>/g produced by activation of reduced graphene oxide (GO). Set of "Super-Oxidized Activated Graphene" (SOAG) materials with high abundance of carboxylic groups on the surface were produced using "soft" oxidation. High degree of oxidation comparable to standard GO (C/O=2.3) was achieved while keeping 3D porous structure with specific surface area of ∼700-800 m<sup>2</sup>/. The decrease in surface area is related to the oxidation-driven collapse of mesopores while micropores showed higher stability. The increase in the oxidation degree of SOAG is found to result in progressively higher sorption of U(VI), mostly related to the increase in abundance of carboxylic groups. The SOAG demonstrated extraordinarily high sorption of U(VI) with the maximal capacity up to 5400 μmol/g, that is 8.4 - fold increase compared to non-oxidized precursor AG, ∼50 -fold increase compared to standard graphene oxide and twice higher than extremely defect-rich graphene oxide. The trends revealed here show a way to further increase sorption if similar oxidation degree is achieved with smaller sacrifice of surface area.
Shape-Based Volumetric Collision Detection (2000)

In this paper, we describe a method to detect collisions between volumetric objects. A hierarchy of bounding spheres is computed from a volumetric object based on the distance transform. Multiple levels of bounding approximations to the volumetric object are automatically computed. The computation of bounding spheres is based on the shape of the object. Only those spheres which are essential to the description of the shape at a certain level of detail are included. This results in a tighter fitting bounding volume compared to existing methods for collision detection. Because of the tighter fit, we are able to use fewer spheres for collision testing at each level, thus decreasing computation time. Since our method is based on the shape of the object, the hierarchical spheres are determined for the first frame and can then animate along with the volumetric object.
Localization of detected objects in multi-camera network (2008)

In this paper we present a framework for detecting, recognizing, and localizing objects in overlapping multi-camera network. The three main components of the framework include background change detection, object recognition, and object localization. The background change detection is based on analyzing wavelet transform coefficients of small patches of non-overlapping 3D texture maps. Detected changed background becomes the region of interest which is scanned to recognize various objects of interest. The object recognition is based on model histogram ratios of gradient magnitude patches. The supervised learning of objects is performed by a support vector machine. A homographic spatial transformation brings multiple cameras into alignment with the ground plane to localize objects in 2D space. Experimental results are demonstrated using various benchmark video sequences and object category datasets.
Scalable Synthesis of Acidic Mesostructured Silica–Carbon Nanocomposite Catalysts by Rotary Evaporation (2017)

Abstract The front cover artwork for Issue 1/2017 is a collaboration between the Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (KU Leuven, Belgium) and Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion (China). The image shows a novel practical and scalable synthesis method for ordered mesoporous silica‐carbon nanocomposites. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600939 .
Polymers in novel applications : Stellenbosch, South Africa, April 5-8, 2004 (2003)

The 7th UNESCO/IUPAC Conference focused on polymers in medicine, nanotechnology, degradation and stabilization. Abridged versions of a number of papers are compiled to create the present volume of Macromolecular Symposia.
Poster: Towards an Ultra-wide Band Sensor Network for Aircraft Applications (2016)

We present a wireless sensor network, deployed and tested for real aircraft applications. By employing IEEE 802.15.4-2011 UWB compliant transceivers, with a time slotted channel access protocol, characteristics of indoor propagation are studied. A test setup in an aircraft's empty passenger cabin is presented and wireless channel features are analysed. Specifically, coherence time and shadowing are determined, which constitute the fundamental step for retrieving a generalized channel model.
뇌성마비 환아의 Botulinum Toxin A 주사 후 보행 양상의 변화 (1998)

The purpose of this case study was to introduce botulinum toxin A injection in cerebral palsy. Spasticity can be managed using a variety of methods....
Java Mouse and Keyboard Methods (1998)

The previous chapters have discussed the Java programming language. This chapter investigates event-driven programs. Traditional methods of programming involve writing a program which flows from one part to the next in a linear manner. Most programs are designed using a top-down structured design, where the task is split into a number of sub-modules, these are then called when they are required. This means that it is relatively difficult to interrupt the operation of a certain part of a program to do another activity, such as updating the graphics display.