gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulphide inhibition of methanogenic activity at various pH levels at 55°C (1993)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of sulphide on thermophilic methanogenic bacteria, pre‐cultivated in UASB‐reactors fed with and without sulphate, at 55°C and different pH levels. For granular sludge, precultivated in the presence of sulphate, the inhibition caused by hydrogen sulphide was dependent on the pH imposed. At alkaline pH the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulphide was higher than at neutral or acidic pH. The effect of sulphide could not be described in terms of free hydrogen sulphide level only. For dispersed sludge, pre‐cultivated in the absence of sulphate, the inhibition caused by free hydrogen sulphide was independent of the pH, and the toxic effect of sulphide could be described in terms of free hydrogen sulphide.
Synthesis and pH Responsive Self-Assembly of New Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers (2006)

The synthesis of a new class of double hydrophilic block copolymers, namely poly(p-hydroxystyrene-b-methacrylic acid) (PHOS−PMAA), by a combination of anionic polymerization high-vacuum techniques and postpolymerization acidic hydrolysis, is described. A series of PHOS−PMAA copolymers with different molecular weights and compositions have been synthesized, indicating the good control over the molecular characteristics of the final copolymers. The solution behavior of PHOS−PMAA is studied as a function of the solution pH. A number of characterization techniques, including potentiometric titrations, fluorescence and IR spectroscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy, are used in an effort to elucidate the structural changes of the block copolymers at different levels, under different pH environments. Experimental results prove the pH responsive self-assembling ability of PHOS−PMAA copolymers.
Multi-Layer Parasitic Microstrip Array Antenna on LTCC Substrate for Millimeter-Wave System-on-Package (2003)

This paper proposes a novel multi-layer parasitic microstrip array antenna (MPMAA) structure for compact and low-cost quasi-millimeter-wave and millimeter-wave system-on-package modules. The design and performance of the proposed array antenna are described. The developed prototype MPMAA employs a multi-layer low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate that is well suited to the assembly of MMIC chips. The fabricated MPMAA exhibits a -16 dB return loss and a 50-degree 3-dB beam width at 25 GHz. The spacing of the top layer of the parasitic array constructed by 2 × 2 elements has a free space wavelength of 0.37. The fabricated MPMAA realizes both compact and high directional gain.
Adaptive Cellular Immunity against African Swine Fever Virus Infections (2022)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) remains a threat to global pig populations. Infections with ASFV lead to a hemorrhagic disease with up to 100% lethality in Eurasian domestic and wild pigs. Although myeloid cells are the main target cells for ASFV, T cell responses are impacted by the infection as well. The complex responses remain not well understood, and, consequently, there is no commercially available vaccine. Here, we review the current knowledge about the induction of antiviral T cell responses by cells of the myeloid lineage, as well as T cell responses in infected animals, recent efforts in vaccine research, and T cell epitopes present in ASFV.
Conformationally Correct Expression of Membrane-AnchoredToxoplasma gondiiSAG1 in the Primitive ProtozoanGiardia duodenalis (2002)

To explore the possibility of expressing membrane-anchored exodomains of heterologous surface antigens in Giardia, a chimeric construct containing the Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 gene was made. The Giardia system is shown here to provide a means of generating correctly folded chimeric surface proteins in a native and unmodified form.
InGaN as a Substrate for AC Photoelectrochemical Imaging (2019)

AC photoelectrochemical imaging at electrolyte-semiconductor interfaces provides spatially resolved information such as surface potentials, ion concentrations and electrical impedance. In this work, thin films of InGaN/GaN were used successfully for AC photoelectrochemical imaging, and experimentally shown to generate a considerable photocurrent under illumination with a 405 nm modulated diode laser at comparatively high frequencies and low applied DC potentials, making this a promising substrate for bioimaging applications. Linear sweep voltammetry showed negligible dark currents. The imaging capabilities of the sensor substrate were demonstrated with a model system and showed a lateral resolution of 7 microns.
Counteracting effects on free radicals and histological alterations induced by a fraction with casearins (2015)

Casearia sylvestris Swartz is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Brazil. It has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antitumor activities and is popularly used to treat snakebites, wounds, diarrhea, flu and chest colds. Its leaves are rich in oxygenated tricyclic cis-clerodane diterpenes, particulary casearins. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant activities of a fraction with casearins (FC) isolated from C. sylvestris and histological changes on the central nervous system and livers of Mus musculus mice. Firstly, in vitro studies (0.9, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4 and 7.2 μg/mL) revealed EC50 values of 3.7, 6.4 and 0.16 µg/mL for nitrite, hydroxyl radical and TBARS levels, respectively. Secondly, FC (2.5, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered to Swiss mice for 7 consecutive days. Nitrite levels in the hippocampus (26.2, 27.3, 30.2 and 26.6 µM) and striatum (26.3, 25.4, 34.3 and 27.5 µM) increased in all treated animals (P < 0.05). Lower doses dropped reduced glutathione, catalase and TBARS levels in the hippocampus and striatum. With the exception of this reduction in TBARS formation, FC displayed only in vitro antioxidant activity. Animals exhibited histological alterations suggestive of neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, indicating the need for precaution regarding the consumption of medicinal formulations based on Casearia sylvestris.
Steady shear microstructure in dilute colloid–polymer mixtures (2012)

The shear-induced microstructure in dilute colloid–polymer mixtures, where the presence of polymer induces a tuneable attractive interaction between the colloids, is investigated using quantitative confocal microscopy, over a wide parameter space including the shear rate, the polymer concentration, and two different polymer molecular weights corresponding to polymer/colloid size ratios of approximately 0.02 and 0.05. Overall, the imposition of low shear rates radically transforms the relatively uniform quiescent structure into one marked by long-range heterogeneities and pronounced segregation of dense clusters and voids. Increasing the rate of deformation effects a consistent decrease in the average cluster size and a gradual transition towards a more homogeneous structure through the redistribution of voids. Interestingly, at high shear rates, the suspension microstructure for the large molecular weight polymer is nearly insensitive to the polymer concentration, and primarily determined by the shear rate alone. The prominent microstructural features of these shear-induced transformations are quantified in detail and discussed in light of the competition between interparticle attraction and microscopic shear forces.
An improved upper bound on the block coding error exponent for binary input discrete memoryless channels (1976)

For coded telemetry systems it is important to know the tradeoff between the error probability and the complexity of implementation. For systems using block codes, the block coding error exponent is a good way to estimate this tradeoff. The new upper bounds on the minimum distance of binary codes result in improved upper bounds on the coding error exponents for binary input memoryless channels.
Neurotrophins: The therapeutic potential and concept of minipeptides (2012)

Neurotrophins belong to a family of polypeptides that exert control over many aspects of the survival, development, and functioning of structures within the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurotrophins, the nerve growth factor (NGF), the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), as well as extracellular tyrosine kinase receptors (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) are specific targets for therapeutic intervention during different diseases. All these neurotrophins also bind to the p75 receptor, which has many functions depending on the type of cell where it is present. The diversity of neurotrophin effects is determined by ligand-receptor binding and the type of signaling responses that are specific for this interaction. NGF and other neurotrophins are involved in many pathological conditions. It has been shown that an insufficient level of neurotrophins in certain brain structures may be not only an initial cause of Alzheimer’s disease but also may be typical for cerebrovascular dysfunction, brain trauma, cognitive impairments, etc. The therapeutic potential of neurotrophins has been shown in many studies in the last decade but the effectiveness of neurotrophic therapy is limited by the poor diffusion of molecules across the blood-brain barrier and toxic adverse effects. The solution to this problem may be the creation of minipeptides and peptidomimetics that affect the activity of tyrosine-kinase receptors. Some of these structures are combinations of cyclic pentapeptides that facilitate interaction with Trk receptors and exert neuroprotective activity. In this review, we discuss the clinical and experimental data on the results of an alternative strategy that uses these peptidomimetics. These compounds comprise a new group of perspective agents in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
Multilevel coded modulation for unequal error protection and multistage decoding .I. Symmetric constellations (2000)

In this paper, theoretical upper bounds and computer simulation results on the error performance of multilevel block coded modulations for unequal error protection (UEP) and multistage decoding are presented. It is shown that nonstandard signal set partitionings and multistage decoding provide excellent UEP capabilities beyond those achievable with conventional coded modulation. The coding scheme is designed in such a way that the most important information bits have a lower error rate than other information bits. The large effective error coefficients, normally associated with standard mapping by set partitioning, are reduced by considering nonstandard partitionings of the underlying signal set. The bits-to-signal mappings induced by these partitionings allow the use of soft-decision decoding of binary block codes. Moreover, parallel operation of some of the staged decoders is possible, to achieve high data rate transmission, so that there is no error propagation between these decoders. Hybrid partitionings are also considered that trade off increased intraset distances in the last partition levels with larger effective error coefficients in the middle partition levels. The error performance of specific examples of multilevel codes over 8-PSK and 64-QAM signal sets are simulated and compared with theoretical upper bounds on the error performance.
Measurements of swine renal cortex shear elasticity and viscosity with Shearwave Dispersion Ultrasound Vibrometry (SDUV) (2009)

Fibrosis has been associated with altered tissue structure affecting the biomechanical properties of the organs, quantifiable as elasticity and viscosity. Renal fibrosis threatens kidney viability. Evaluation of renal fibrosis by conventional imaging modalities is difficult. Importantly, early detection of renal fibrosis may guide therapy and eliminate invasive biopsy procedures. A newly emerging method called Shearwave Dispersion Ultrasound Vibrometry (SDUV) offers a potential tool to determine renal elasticity and viscosity in vivo. SDUV quantifies both elasticity and viscosity by evaluating dispersion of shear wave propagation speed versus its frequency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of SDUV for in vitro measurements of renal cortex elasticity and viscosity in swine kidney.
Physics of loose abrasive microgrinding (1991)

This study examined the physics of loose abrasive microgrinding (grinding with micron and submicron sized abrasives). More specifically, it focused on the transition from brittle to ductile mode grinding which occurs in this region of abrasive sizes. Process dependency on slurry chemistry was the primary area of emphasis and was studied for diamond abrasives varying in size from 3.0 to 0.75 microm on both ULE and Zerodur, with emphasis on ULE. Ductile mode grinding was achieved with smaller abrasives, as expected, however two significant discoveries were made. The first observation was that by simply changing slurry chemistry, it was possible to induce the transition from brittle fracture to ductile mode grinding in ULE. This transition point could be intentionally moved about for diamonds 3.0-0.75 microm in diameter. For any given abrasive size within these limits, either brittle fracture or ductile removal may be achieved, depending on the slurry used to suspend the diamonds. Several slurries were studied, including water, a series of homologous n-alcohols, and other solvents chosen for properties varying from molecular size to dielectric constant and zeta potential. The study revealed that this slurry dependency is primarily a Rebinder effect. The second finding was that a tremendous amount of surface stress is introduced in loose abrasive ductile mode grinding. This stress was observed when the Twyman Effect in ULE plates increased by a factor of 4 in the transition from the brittle to the ductile mode. An assessment of the cause of this stress is discussed.
Development of Novel Materials for Direct Air Capture of CO<sub>2</sub>: MIL-101(Cr)-Amine Sorbents Evaluation Under Realistic Direct Air Capture Conditions (Final Report) (2022)

The overarching goal of this project is to evaluate the CO2 adsorption properties of a small family of metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials functionalized with amines at sub-ambient conditions. Our goal is to develop capabilities to measure CO2 adsorption at conditions more relevant to the weather of the planet. For this purpose, Georgia Tech is constructing a “sub-ambient adsorption facility” in partnership with ZCP Sorbent Development, LLC, aimed specifically at rapidly and deeply characterizing the performance of DAC candidate materials in this important operational range (adsorption at -20 to 20 °C and RH of 0-100%). Here, we use the sub-ambient lab instrumentation designed or adapted to study the behavior of the pristine metal organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr) and the MOF in the presence of amines ranging from small molecules (e.g. TREN, tris(2-aminoethylamine)) to oligomers (e.g. PEI, poly(ethyleneimine)). Any DAC sorbent must be amenable to deployment in practical contactors for gas-solid contacting (traditional pellet-based fixed beds are impossible at scale). To this end, we developed and tested these DAC materials in the forms of composite polymer/MOF fibers and custom 3D-printed monolith structures containing MOF DAC sorbents. The proposed studies advance these materials from technology readiness level (TRL) 2 to TRL 3.
3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-N-methylisoxazole-5-carboxamide (2007)

In the title mol­ecule, C11H9ClN2O2, the isoxazole and benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 36.80 (2)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into zigzag chains running in the [101] direction. The crystal packing exhibits weak π–π stacking inter­actions [short distances of 3.675 (2) and 3.801 (3) Å between the centroids of the benzene and isoxazole rings (at ½ − x, −y, −½ + z) and (at ½ − x, −y, ½ + z), respectively], which form stacks of mol­ecules extending along the c axis.
CHANGE DETECTION IN REMOTE SENSING IMAGES USING CONDITIONAL ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS (2018)

Abstract. We present a method for change detection in images using Conditional Adversarial Network approach. The original network architecture based on pix2pix is proposed and evaluated for difference map creation. The paper address three types of experiments: change detection in synthetic images without objects relative shift, change detection in synthetic images with small relative shift of objects, and change detection in real season-varying remote sensing images.
PD-1 blockade to treat mucosal and uveal melanoma: The University of Pittsburghh experience. (2016)

e21042 Background: Uveal and mucosal melanomas are rare subtypes with a mean age-adjusted incidence of 5.6 and 2.3 cases per million person-years. Metastatic uveal and mucosal patients (pts) tend to have lower response rates to therapy in general, and have been systematically excluded from most clinical trials of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Here, we report our experience treating uveal and mucosal melanoma with Nivolumab (Nivo), and Pembrolizumab (Pembro). Methods: Clinical and radiological data were collected on 17 pts who received Nivo or Pembro at a single institution for advanced uveal (N = 9) or mucosal (N = 9) melanoma. Baseline characteristics at the time of therapy and outcome data including best/current response, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were collected. Response was calculated using RECIST 1.1. The influence of baseline characteristics on treatment outcomes was assessed using Cox analysis. Results: All uveal pts were treated for hepatic metastases. Metastatic burden for metastic mucosal melanoma pts was varied; including 4 with pulmonary or distant subcutaneous/lymphatic metastases (M1a/b), 3 with liver (M1c) and 2 with CNS metastases. Of 8 evaluable uveal pts, no complete responses (CR) were observed although partial responses (PR) and disease stabilization (SD) was observed in 2 (25%) and 3 (37.5%) pts respectively. 6/8 pts (75%) eventually progressed in the liver; although 2 pts remain alive and on therapy at a median of 11 months. Of the 6 evaluable mucosal pts, 1 CR (16.7%) and 2 PR (33.3%) were observed. 4/6 pts (66.7%) progressed – 2 systemically, 1 in CNS and 1 in systemic/CNS. Conclusions: This single institution series represents the largest report of pts with advanced uveal and mucosal melanoma treated with PD-1 blockade. Toxicity was as expected and manageable. Durable PR/CR was observed in a subset of pts and argue for further investigation of PD-1 blockade in this population.
Portada interior, consejo editorial e índice (2017)

Portada interior, consejo editorial e índice
Implanted sensors to measure pH and other analytes with x-ray readout (Conference Presentation) (2019)

X-ray imaging is well-suited for deep tissue analysis, and is routinely used in medical diagnosis, but is normally blind to local biochemical signals. Here we describe simple passive implantable sensors that can report local chemical concentrations (e.g. pH), which are important for detecting and studying infection and other diseases or conditions. The sensors contain hydrogels with chemically-responsive swelling; the chemical concentration is determined using an X-ray to measure the position of radio-opaque markers in embedded in the hydrogel. For example, to measure local pH near the surface of an orthopedic plate, a sensor containing a polyacrylic acid hydrogel was attached to the plate. The hydrogel displayed a pH-dependent swelling, expanding approximately and moving an embedded radio-opaque tungsten marker. The sensor was calibrated in standard pH buffers and tested during bacterial growth in culture. Its response was negligibly affected by changes in temperature and sodium chloride concentration within the normal physiological range. Radiographic measurements were also performed in cadaveric tissue with the sensor attached to an implanted orthopedic plate fixed to a tibia. Pin position readings varied by 100 µm between observers surveying the same radiographs, corresponding to 0.065 pH unit precision in the range pH 4-8 (1.5 mm/pH unit). We are expanding the approach to other analytes (infection markers and mechanical strain sensors to track bone heaing), miniaturized injectable sensors, and imaging at multiple locations. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the following grants: NSF CHE1255535, NIH NIGMS 5P20GM103444-07, NIH 1R21EB019709-01A1, and NIH NIAMS R01 AR070305-01.
A Dual Reflector High Gain Microwave Omnidirectional Antenna (1986)

The design of a reflector system consisting of conic section reflectors rotated about an axis and fed using a biconical horn is outlined. Shaping of the main reflector to meet a required elevation radiation pattern is then described and some theoretical predictions of performance presented.
Meeting Cholera's Challenge to Haiti and the World: A Joint Statement on Cholera Prevention and Care (2011)

Meeting Cholera's Challenge to Haiti and the World: A Joint Statement on Cholera Prevention and Care
DHEA Inhibits Leukocyte Recruitment through Regulation of the Integrin Antagonist DEL-1 (2020)

Leukocytes are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation via interactions with the vascular endothelium. The steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts anti-inflammatory properties; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we show that an anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHEA involves the regulation of developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL-1) expression. DEL-1 is a secreted homeostatic factor that inhibits β2-integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion, and the subsequent leukocyte recruitment and its expression is downregulated upon inflammation. Similarly, DHEA inhibited leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium in venules of the inflamed mouse cremaster muscle. Importantly, in a model of lung inflammation, DHEA limited neutrophil recruitment in a DEL-1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, DHEA counteracted the inhibitory effect of inflammation on DEL-1 expression. Indeed, whereas TNF reduced DEL-1 expression and secretion in endothelial cells by diminishing C/EBPβ binding to the <i>DEL-1</i> gene promoter, DHEA counteracted the inhibitory effect of TNF via activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling that restored C/EBPβ binding to the <i>DEL-1</i> promoter. In conclusion, DHEA restrains neutrophil recruitment by reversing inflammation-induced downregulation of DEL-1 expression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory DHEA/DEL-1 axis could be harnessed therapeutically in the context of inflammatory diseases.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs Cpn60.2 as an adhesin that binds CD43 on the macrophage surface (2010)

CD43 is a large sialylated glycoprotein found on the surface of haematopoietic cells and has been previously shown to be necessary for efficient macrophage binding and immunological responsiveness to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using capsular material from M. tuberculosis and recombinant CD43-Fc, we have employed affinity chromatography to show that Cpn60.2 (Hsp65, GroEL), and to a lesser extent DnaK (Hsp70), bind to CD43. Competitive inhibition using recombinant protein and polyclonal F(ab')(2) antibody-mediated epitope masking studies were used to evaluate M. tuberculosis binding to CD43(+/+) versus CD43(-/-) macrophages. Results showed that Cpn60.2, but not DnaK, acts as a CD43-dependent mycobacterial adhesin for macrophage binding. Assessment of the specific binding between Cpn60.2 and CD43 showed it to be saturable, with a comparatively weak affinity in the low micromolar range. We have also shown that the ability of Cpn60.2 to competitively inhibit M. tuberculosis binding to macrophages is shared by the Escherichia coli homologue, GroEL, but not by the mouse and human Hsp60 homologues. These findings add to a growing field of research that implicates molecular chaperones as having extracellular functions, including bacterial adherence to host cells. Thus, CD43 may act as a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) for bacterial homologues of the 60 kDa molecular chaperone.