gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term retinal cone rescue using a capsid mutant AAV8 vector in a mouse model of CNGA3-achromatopsia (2017)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are important gene delivery tools for the treatment of many recessively inherited retinal diseases. For example, a wild-type (WT) AAV5 vector can deliver a full-length Cnga3 (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha-3) cDNA to target cells of the cone photoreceptor function loss 5 (cpfl5) mouse, a spontaneous animal model of achromatopsia with a Cnga3 mutation. Gene therapy restores cone-mediated function and blocks cone degeneration in the mice. However, since transgene expression delivered by an AAV vector shows relatively short-term effectiveness, this cannot be regarded as a very successful therapy. AAV2 and AAV8 vectors with capsid mutations have significantly enhanced transduction efficiency in retinas compared to WT AAV controls. In this study, AAV8 (Y447, 733F+T494V)-treated cpfl5 retinas showed greater preservation of short-term cone electroretinogram (ERG) responses than AAV8 (Y447, 733F)- or AAV2 (Y272, 444, 500, 730F+T491V)-mediated treatments. To explore the long-term rescue effect, AAV8 (Y447, 733F+T494V)-treated cpfl5 retinas were evaluated at 9 months following postnatal day 14 (P14) treatment. Rescued ERG responses in the cones of treated cpfl5 eyes decreased with increasing age, but still maintained more than 60% of the WT mouse responses at the oldest time point examined. Expression of CNGA3 and M/S-opsins was maintained in cone outer segments of the treated cpfl5 eyes and was equal to expression in age-matched WT retinas. Near-normal cone-mediated water maze behavior was observed in the treated cpfl5 mice. As these are the longest follow-up data reported thus far, AAV8 with capsid Y-F and T-V mutations may be one of the most effective AAV vectors for long-term treatment in a naturally occurring mouse model of CNGA3 achromatopsia.
Inhibition of polyphosphate as a novel strategy for preventing thrombosis and inflammation (2012)

Inorganic polyphosphates are linear polymers of orthophosphate that modulate blood clotting and inflammation. Polyphosphate accumulates in infectious microorganisms and is secreted by activated platelets; long-chain polyphosphate in particular is an extremely potent initiator of the contact pathway, a limb of the clotting cascade important for thrombosis but dispensable for hemostasis. Polyphosphate inhibitors therefore might act as novel antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory agents with reduced bleeding side effects. Antipolyphosphate antibodies are unlikely because of polyphosphate's ubiquity and simple structure; and although phosphatases such as alkaline phosphatase can digest polyphosphate, they take time and may degrade other biologically active molecules. We now identify a panel of polyphosphate inhibitors, including cationic proteins, polymers, and small molecules, and report their effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. We also compare their effectiveness against the procoagulant activity of RNA. Polyphosphate inhibitors were antithrombotic in mouse models of venous and arterial thrombosis and blocked the inflammatory effect of polyphosphate injected intradermally in mice. This study provides proof of principle for polyphosphate inhibitors as antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory agents in vitro and in vivo, with a novel mode of action compared with conventional anticoagulants.
Analysis of standing waves in submillimeter-wave optics (2007)

In this paper, we continue to investigate a theoretical framework based on Gaussian Beam Mode Analysis for modelling standing waves in submillimetre optical systems with experimental verification. Standing waves or multiple reflections have been traditionally difficult to model but this analytical method proves to be very versatile in first order predictions. In previous papers we reported on the underlining theory and described some important examples including reflections between a feed horn and telescope secondary mirror and also reflections between two coupled corrugated horns. This technique can in addition be applied to reflections between components such as lenses and apertures [1], [2]. As our method uses a full multi-moded scattering matrix description of the corrugated horn, which is then transformed to equivalent free space Gaussian modes, multiple reflections between the source/detector device, located at the back of the horn, and any arbitrary surface in the optical path can be accurately analysed. An overview of the technique is presented including experimental measurements to try to verify our theoretical methods. We investigate mechanisms to reduce standing wave ripples experimentally and theoretically often present in submillimeter optics and try to understand more deeply the form and structure of the reflected power component.
Congenital Heart Disease: Cardiac Performance and Adaptations to Exercise (1997)

Over the past two decades, improvements in diagnostic and surgical techniques have dramatically altered the outlook for children with congenital heart defects. Even with complex lesions, most of these children are now surviving to an age were issues of exercise and sports participation must be considered. In this review, the various factors that affect cardiovascular performance during exercise are examined in terms of how they relate to different types of congenital heart defects. The effect of anatomy, myocardial stress, and associated noncardiac abnormalities are discussed. Exercise performance in the major classes of cardiac defects and factors limiting performance in these classes are reviewed.
Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome (2014)

A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as 'Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola' strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. Strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. Strain MWH-Ta8(T) is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm(3)), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8(T) is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. Strain MWH-Ta8(T) and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8(T) was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae, for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8(T) ( = DSM 23834(T) = LMG 26932(T)).
Market Basket Analysis Algorithm with Map/Reduce of Cloud Computing (2012)

Abstract – Map/Reduce approach has been popular in order to compute huge volumes of data since Google implemented its platform on Google Distributed File Systems (GFS) and then Amazon Web Service (AWS) provides its services with Apache Hadoop platform. Map/Reduce motivates to redesign and convert the existing sequential algorithms to Map/Reduce algorithms for big data so that the paper presents Market Basket Analysis algorithm with Map/Reduce, one of popular data mining algorithms. The algorithm is to sort data set and to convert it to (key, value) pair to fit with Map/Reduce. It is executed on Amazon EC2 Map/Reduce platform. The experimental results show that the code with Map/Reduce increases the performance as adding more nodes but at a certain point, there is a bottle-neck that does not allow the performance gain. It is believed that the operations of distributing, aggregating, and reducing data in Map/Reduce should cause the bottle-neck.
Relaxation behavior of a hot-film anemometer under imposed bias flow (1989)

The response of a hot-film anemometer to vertical hydroacoustic particle motion is influenced by free convection, which acts as a bias flow. At this low flow speed the output is proportional to particle displacement for a wide range of parameters. While investigating the response of the anemometer to hydroacoustic motion under an imposed bias flow, it was found that a relaxation-type transition takes place from dependence on particle speed to dependence on displacement. The relevant time constant is the residence time of the fluid particle near the sensor. This effect deserves consideration in interpretation of turbulence measurements in liquids.
The tensile strength of ice and dust aggregates and its dependence on particle properties (2018)

The knowledge of the tensile strength of astrophysical dust and ice aggregates is of major importance to understand the early stages of planet formation in our solar system and cometary activity. In this letter, we report on an experimental setup, developed to measure the tensile strength of granular, astrophysical relevant materials, such as water ice and silica aggregates. We found that the tensile strength of aggregates composed of monodisperse silica particles depends on the grain size of the used material and is in a good agreement with the predictions of earlier works. For aggregates consisting of polydisperse water–ice particles, the measured tensile strength is very low compared to the theoretical prediction, which indicates that the specific surface energy of water–ice at low temperatures is lower than previously assumed.
A Processing Chain for Simple 3D Reconstruction of Buildings in Urban Scenes From High Resolution Optical and SAR Images (2010)

In this paper, we propose a complete semi-automatic processing chain able to provide, from a couple of high-resolution optical and SAR images, a simple three-dimensional reconstruction of the buildings in urban scenes. The chain is decomposed into four steps: building boundary extraction, footprint projection and registration, height estimation and building validation. Each of these steps is described from a methodological point of view and applied on a scene of interest on Quickbird and TerraSAR-X images. Good results of building detection and height retrieval are obtained and a satisfying final 3D reconstruction of buildings is provided.
Previously unknown quasicrystal periodic approximant found in space (2018)

We report the discovery of Al<sub>34</sub>Ni<sub>9</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>, the first natural known periodic crystalline approximant to decagonite (Al<sub>71</sub>Ni<sub>24</sub>Fe<sub>5</sub>), a natural quasicrystal composed of a periodic stack of planes with quasiperiodic atomic order and ten-fold symmetry. The new mineral has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 2018-038) and officially named proxidecagonite, which derives from its identity to periodic approximant of decagonite. Both decagonite and proxidecagonite were found in fragments from the Khatyrka meteorite. Proxidecagonite is the first natural quasicrystal approximant to be found in the Al-Ni-Fe system. Within this system, the decagonal quasicrystal phase has been reported to transform at ~940 °C to Al<sub>13</sub>(Fe,Ni)<sub>4</sub>, Al<sub>3</sub>(Fe,Ni)<sub>2</sub> and the liquid phase, and between 800 and 850 °C to Al<sub>13</sub>(Fe,Ni)<sub>4</sub>, Al<sub>3</sub>(Fe,Ni) and Al<sub>3</sub>(Fe,Ni)<sub>2</sub>. The fact that proxidecagonite has not been observed in the laboratory before and formed in a meteorite exposed to high pressures and temperatures during impact-induced shocks suggests that it might be a thermodynamically stable compound at high pressure. The most prominent structural motifs are pseudo-pentagonal symmetry subunits, such as pentagonal bipyramids, that share edges and corners with trigonal bipyramids and which maximize shortest Ni-Al over Ni-Ni contacts.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Protected 2‐Alkylidene 1,3‐Diones by Modified Knoevenagel Reaction in the Presence of Thiophenol. A New Approach to Spirocyclopentanol Construction. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alveolar bone augmentation with a newly designed microperforated pure titanium membrane: A clinical case series (2022)

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a novel titanium membrane (Ti honeycomb membrane), which has ultrafine structures with dense microperforations, for the alveolar bone augmentation including guided bone regeneration (GBR). Fifteen patients with 17 bone defects underwent alveolar bone augmentation surgery using the membranes with autologous bone grafting plus beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (n = 9) or with β-TCP alone (n = 8). The membranes were removed at 6–8 months postoperatively, and the regenerated bone was evaluated clinically. In addition, the prognosis of the implants placed in the augmented bones was assessed. Postoperative courses were uneventful in 14 sites without membrane exposures, in which CT analysis showed the bone volume required to place the implants and significantly higher bone density in the sites with autologous bone grafting plus β-TCP than in the sites with β-TCP alone (p = 0.019). In contrast, membrane exposures were found in three sites (17.6%) at< 4 weeks postoperatively (early membrane exposure) and the bone augmentations resulted in failure; however, implants could be placed in two of the three sites. Finally, the overall success rate of bone augmentation and implants placed in the augmented bone were 82.4% and 93.3%, respectively. This membrane was proved to be useful for alveolar bone augmentation, especially when using autologous bone grafting plus β-TCP; however, more efficient operative techniques are required to prevent early membrane exposure.
Spinal myoclonus induced by contrast material: an alternative explanation. (1989)

Tonic and clonic muscle spasm of the lower extremities and trunk is a well-known complication of myelography [1, 2] and accidental subdural injection of contrast material [3]. Occasionally , myoclonus also appears after aortography. It is postulated that some of the contrast medium reaches the spinal column through intercostal , lumbar, and lumbosacral segmental arteries. The risk is higher in distal aortic occlusion [4] and when the procedure takes place with the patient supine [5]. Spinal myoclonus associated with aortography may result from a direct toxic excitatory effect of the contrast agent [6]. as happens during myelography, or it may be due to ischemic myelopathy, as sometimes occurs in spinal cord angiography during placement of the catheter, even before the injection of contrast material [7] . Recently , we introduced a new in-vivo model of contrast nephropathy [8], in which rats were given Angio-Conray (80% sodium iothalamate) at a dosage of 6 mljkg through a polyethylene catheter placed in the femoral artery with the tip of the catheter directed proximally. The femoral artery was ligated on the catheter, so all the contrast material was injected against flow. During the injection, all animals developed myoclonus of the hindlimbs, trunk , and tail that was more prominent in the cannulated leg, which concomitantly became cyanotic. The injection of contrast material was slow (an average amount of 1 .5 ml injected over 90-120 sec). Fluoroscopy and films indicated that it did not reach above the aortic bifurcation. Spinal vessels were not filled. Injection of contrast material was done the same way in rats with epidural anesthesia to evaluate the origin of the myoclonus. Despite full epidural anesthesia obtained by administering lignocain through a long, indwelling epidural catheter, the injection of contrast material resulted in the same myoclonus. We conclude that the myoclonus produced by the intraarterial femoral injection of sodium iothalamate in the rat does not originate at the spinal level but at a lower level such as peripheral nerve, muscle, or the neuromuscular junction. This phenomenon may result from a direct excitatory effect of the contrast material or from transient ischemia of the lower extremities due to vasospasm and RBC microaggregation caused by the hyperosmolar material. The administration of iopamidol (Omnipaque) and iohexol (Hexabrix) caused minimal spasm only. In summary, our observations suggest that the term spinal myoclonus may be a misnomer, because angiography-induced myoclonus may not result from spinal irritation or ischemia but from a lower neuromuscular toxic reaction .
The novel GLP‐1/GIP analogue DA5‐CH reduces tau phosphorylation and normalizes theta rhythm in the icv. STZ rat model of AD (2020)

Therefore, our results demonstrate that DA5-CH has neuroprotective effects in the STZ-induced animal model and that DA5-CH has potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
Evaluation of cleaning methods for multilayer diffraction gratings (2006)

Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings are an essential component for the OMEGA EP short-pulse, highenergy laser system. The MLD gratings must have both high-optical-diffraction efficiency and high laser-damage threshold to be suitable for use within the OMEGA EP Laser System. Considerable effort has been directed toward optimizing the process parameters required to fabricate gratings that can withstand the 2.6-kJ output energy delivered by each beam. In this paper, we discuss a number of conventional semiconductor chemical cleaning processes that have been investigated for grating cleaning, and present evidence of their effectiveness in the critical cleaning of MLD gratings fabricated at LLE. Diffraction efficiency and damage-threshold data were correlated with both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion-mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to determine the best combination of cleaning process and chemistry. We found that using these cleaning processes we were able to exceed both the LLE diffraction efficiency (specification >97%) and laser-damage specifications (specification >2.7 J/cm<sup>2</sup>).
Psychological antecedents and motivational models of collective action: examining the role of perceived effectiveness in political protest participation (2015)

The present study examines Hong Kong citizens’ willingness to participate in the Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement. A representative adult survey (N = 816) was conducted before the Occupy Central protest in 2014. Regression analyses showed that the core psychological antecedents of political identity (psychological attachment to pro-democracy parties and Occupy activists), political efficacy (perceived effectiveness of individual and movement agency), ideology (dissatisfaction with the pace of democratization), and emotion (anger with the political environment) were significant predictors of likely participation. Measures of perceived effectiveness of the Occupy movement to achieve successful outcomes (i.e. its ability to influence public opinion, strengthen the pro-democracy cause in Hong Kong, and facilitate opinion expression) explained additional variance even after controlling for demographics and the core antecedents. An integrated motivational model of collective action was then tested using structural equation modeling. Findings are consistent with the extant literature. Moral convictions (democracy as a fundamental human value) served as an antecedent of identity, efficacy, ideology, and anger, while identity exhibited direct and indirect effects on participation through efficacy, ideology and anger. The model also pointed to a role for perceived effectiveness, supporting the idea that individuals are motivated by other potential outcomes of a protest beyond achieving its primary objective.
Pearls and Pitfalls of Forearm Nailing (2021)

Pediatric forearm fractures are one of the most common injuries that pediatric orthopaedic surgeons manage. Unstable fractures that have failed closed reduction and casting require surgical intervention in order to correct length, alignment, and rotation to optimize forearm range of motion and function. Flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) is a powerful technique that has garnered widespread popularity and adaptation for this purpose. Surgeons must become familiar with the technical pearls and pitfalls associated with this technique in an effort to prevent complications.
Is breast cancer survival improving? (2003)

For these cohorts of patients, the authors present data suggesting that the prognosis for patients with recurrent breast cancer improved between 1974 and 2000.
Induction of neuronal death by α‐synuclein (2000)

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases are unclear. It is generally thought that aggregation of mutated, abnormally modified or abnormally folded proteins leads to the accumulation of extracellular, intracellular or intranuclear deposits that severely compromise cell physiology, leading to the death of the affected neurons. However, there is growing evidence that neuronal apoptosis in the absence of obvious pathological deposits could have a serious impact on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. alpha-Synuclein has been implicated in aetiology and pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative diseases, although the precise role of this protein in neurodegeneration is uncertain. The normal functions of alpha-synuclein and other members of the synuclein family in the development and function of the nervous system also remain elusive. Here we show that overexpression of wild-type and mutant forms of alpha-synuclein in cultured neurons, but not the closely related persyn (gamma-synuclein), causes apoptosis. These findings suggest that abnormalities of alpha-synuclein metabolism could lead to the neuronal loss occurring in certain forms of neurodegeneration before the formation of characteristic pathological lesions.
Identification of contagious SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals by Roche’s Rapid Antigen Test (2022)

The SARS-CoV-2 RAT from Roche Diagnostics is a valuable tool for managing symptomatic patients. RAT-negative patients may be regarded as non-contagious.