gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Event selection from phone posteriorgrams using matched filters (2011)

In this paper we address the issue of how to select a minimal set of phonetic events from a phone posteriorgram while minimizing the loss of information. We derive phone posteriorgrams from two sources, Gaussian mixture models and sparse multilayer perceptrons, and apply phone-specific matched filters to the posteriorgrams to yield a smaller set of phonetic events. We introduce a mutual information based performance measure to compare phonetic event selection techniques and demonstrate that events extracted using matched filters can reduce input data while significantly improving performance of an event-based keyword spotting system.
Phase-change memory: Feasibility of reliable multilevel-cell storage and retention at elevated temperatures (2015)

Multilevel-cell (MLC) storage is a typical way for achieving higher capacity and thus lower cost per bit in memory technologies. In phase-change memory (PCM) MLC storage is seriously hampered by the phenomenon of resistance drift and the impact of temperature. Drift and temperature resilience is achieved through the use of a specific non-resistance-based cellstate metric. A statistical experimental characterization of PCM test devices in the presence of drift and at elevated temperatures is performed, and I-V characteristics are measured. The comparison of conventional resistance and a new enhanced (eM) metric demonstrates for the first time that reliable 2 bits/cell storage and subsequent data retention can be achieved in PCM cell arrays in the presence of temperature variation of the 50 °C magnitude. This development opens up the possibility for practical MLC storage in PCM chips.
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar terrain elevation mapping from multiple observations (2002)

All prior interferometric SAR imaging experiments to date dealt with pairwise processing. Simultaneous image collections from two antenna systems or two-pass single antenna collections are processed as interferometric pairs to extract corresponding pixel by pixel phase differences which encode terrain elevation height. The phase differences are wrapped values which must be unwrapped and scaled to yield terrain height. We propose two major classes of techniques that hold promise for robust multibaseline (multiple pair) interferometric SAR terrain elevation mapping. The first builds on the capability of a recently published method for robust weighted and unweighted least-squares phase unwrapping, while the second attacks the problem directly in a maximum likelihood (ML) formulation. We will provide several examples (actual and simulated SAR imagery) that illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Higher anhedonia during withdrawal from initial opioid exposure is protective against subsequent opioid self-administration in rats (2019)

Abstract Understanding factors contributing to individual differences in vulnerability to opioid addiction is essential for developing more effective preventions and treatments, yet few reliable behavioral predictors of subsequent opioid self-administration have been identified in rodents. Sensitivity to the acute effects of initial drug exposure predicts later addiction vulnerability in both humans and animals, but the relationship of sensitivity to withdrawal from initial drug exposure and later drug use vulnerability is unclear. The goal of the current study was to evaluate whether the degree of anhedonia experienced during withdrawal from early opioid exposure predicts subsequent vulnerability to opioid addiction. Rats were first tested for withdrawal sensitivity following acute injections of morphine (i.e., “acute dependence”), measured as elevations in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds (anhedonia-like behavior) during naloxone-precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal. Rats were then tested for addiction vulnerability using various measures of i.v. morphine self-administration (MSA) including acquisition, demand, extinction, and reinstatement induced by morphine, stress, and/or drug-associated cues. Greater naloxone-precipitated withdrawal across repeated morphine injections and greater peak spontaneous withdrawal severity following a single morphine injection were associated with lower addiction vulnerability on multiple MSA measures. Withdrawal-induced anhedonia predicted a wider range of MSA measures than did any individual measure of MSA itself. These data suggest that high anhedonia during withdrawal from initial opioid exposure is protective against subsequent opioid addiction vulnerability in rodents, thereby establishing one of the first behavioral measures to predict individual differences in opioid SA. This model promises to be useful for furthering our understanding of behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms underlying vulnerability to opioid addiction.
The effects of FK409 on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs (1999)

FK409 is the first spontaneous nitric oxide (NO) donor known to increase plasma cyclic guanosine 3',5'monophosphate levels. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FK409 on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in situ warm ischemia canine model. Fourteen dogs were divided into two groups, and the FK409-treated group was given 5 micrograms/kg per min FK409. Warm ischemia was induced for 3 h. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), cardiac output (CO), left pulmonary vascular resistance (L-PVR), and endothelin-I (ET-I) were measured. A histologic study was performed, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were also counted. The PaO2, SaO2, and L-PVR levels and PMNs after 30 min of reperfusion, ET-I after 2 h of reperfusion, and the 7-day survival rate were significantly (P < 0.05) better in the FK409-treated group than in the control group. The histologic damage was reduced in the FK409-treated group compared to the control group. FK409 appears to have a protective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung.
Developing ?Really Cool? Low Temperature Molten Sodium Batteries. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Epithelial crosstalk with bacteria and immune cells (1998)

The task of the mucosal immune system guarding the gastrointestinal tract is immense. This system must be able to recognize and eliminate pathogens that enter the gastrointestinal tract without harming other functions. To achieve this, the mucosal immune system must be able to distinguish between potentially harmful and beneficial or commensal bacteria as well as a wide variety of potential dietary antigens. To coordinate this undertaking, there is considerable communication between the cells of the intestinal epithelium and underlying cells of the immune system. Further, there is communication between host cells and pathogens that seek to breech the intestinal mucosa. On detection of such pathogens, the intestinal epithelium coordinates a complex mucosal inflammatory response designed to eliminate all potentially dangerous foreign entities. Although much of this bacteria-epithelialimmune cell crosstalk maintains the well-being of the intestinal mucosa, some pathogens have found ways to exploit mucosal immune responses to their own benefit. It is also possible that inappropriate activation of the mucosal immune system can lead to chronic inflammatory disease states. Thus, understanding bacterial-epithelial-immune cell interactions may likely contribute to understanding both bacterial pathogenesis and chronic inflammatory disease in the intestine. This review highlights progress made within the past year toward understanding these cellular interactions.
Therapeutic potential of a novel multifunctional iron chelator on cognitive decicits and insulin degrading enzyme expression in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Background There is a need in modern pharmacology for a representative animal model which should accurately mimic sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD), the prevailing type of dementia in humans, and thus could be suitable for novel drug testing. Rats treated intracerebroventricularly with the betacytotoxic agent streptozotocin (STZ-icv), have been proposed recently as a non-transgenic sAD model which demonstrates AD-like pathology features at cognitive, neurochemical and structural level. In addition to the cognitive deficits, pathological accumulation of amyloid b (Ab) peptide is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of sAD, and a growing body of evidence suggests the involvement of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), responsible for Ab degradation, in sAD pathophysiology. We have explored the time course of cognitive deficits and hippocampal (HPC) IDE expression in the STZ-icv rat model of sAD, and the therapeutic potential of the novel multifunctional iron-chelating drug M30 to improve these deficits.
Utility, Limitations, and Future of Non-Human Primates for Dengue Research and Vaccine Development (2014)

Dengue is considered the most important emerging, human arboviruses, with worldwide distribution in the tropics. Unfortunately, there are no licensed dengue vaccines available or specific anti-viral drugs. The development of a dengue vaccine faces unique challenges. The four serotypes co-circulate in endemic areas, and pre-existing immunity to one serotype does not protect against infection with other serotypes, and actually may enhance severity of disease. One foremost constraint to test the efficacy of a dengue vaccine is the lack of an animal model that adequately recapitulates the clinical manifestations of a dengue infection in humans. In spite of this limitation, non-human primates (NHP) are considered the best available animal model to evaluate dengue vaccine candidates due to their genetic relatedness to humans and their ability to develop a viremia upon infection and a robust immune response similar to that in humans. Therefore, most dengue vaccines candidates are tested in primates before going into clinical trials. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of published studies on dengue vaccine evaluations using the NHP model, and discuss critical parameters affecting the usefulness of the model. In the light of recent clinical data, we assess the ability of the NHP model to predict immunological parameters of vaccine performances in humans and discuss parameters that should be further examined as potential correlates of protection. Finally, we propose some guidelines toward a more standardized use of the model to maximize its usefulness and to better compare the performance of vaccine candidates from different research groups.
Durability of Blended Cements Made with Reactive Aggregates (2021)

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a swelling reaction that occurs in concrete structures over time between the reactive amorphous siliceous aggregate particles and the hydroxyl ions of the hardened concrete pore solution. The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of pozzolanic Portland cements on the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) evaluated from two different points of view: (i) alkali-silica reaction (ASR) abatement and (ii) climatic change mitigation by clinker reduction, i.e., by depleting its emissions. Open porosity, SEM microscopy, compressive strength and ASR-expansion measurements were performed in mortars made with silica fume, siliceous coal fly ash, natural pozzolan and blast-furnace slag. The main contributions are as follows: (i) the higher the content of reactive silica in the pozzolanic material, the greater the ASR inhibition level; (ii) silica fume and coal fly ash are the best Portland cement constituents for ASR mitigation.
Issues affecting differential absorption laser imaging of gas leaks (1996)

Summary form only given. Backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) wing cw lasers has successfully generated real-time video images of gas plumes for industrial applications such as hazardous leak detection and container integrity testing. The flexibility of the BAGI technique can be increased by using pulsed lasers. High power pulsed lasers can extend the imaging range, and through efficient parametric processes, can achieve wavelength tunability. We are building an imaging system based on a wavelength-agile source that operates in the 3-5 /spl mu/m range for the purpose of exploring pulsed imaging. In particular, we will explore the possibility of using this pulsed imager to make quantitative measurements of the concentration of gas plumes by comparing the illuminated scene at two closely spaced wavelengths.
Antigen organization regulates cluster formation and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by helper T cell subsets (1997)

Generation of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a process tightly governed by regulatory helper T (Th) cells. The nature of cellular interactions as well as the precise role of distinct Th cell subsets involved in efficient CTL activation remains elusive. Employing in vitro cultures for primary induction of human, peptide-specific CTL, a strict requirement for Th cells and linkage of epitopes for helper and CTLs on the surface of antigen presenting cells was found, suggesting a three cell type cluster as minimal immune regulatory entity. Cognate and antigen-driven interactions of T cells were neither essential nor sufficient to override the need for linked epitopes. Within the three cell type cluster complex, keyhole limpit hemocyanin or tetanus toxoid-reactive Th cells promoted generation of MAGE-3- or HIV-gag-specific CTL. Both type 1 and type 2 Th cells were recruited and induced by CTL. Interleukin 2 and interferon gamma were essential in early stages, and interleukin 4 was utilized in later stages, of CTL maturation. Synergistic effects of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ Th cells were found. The data reported here suggest a critical link between the innate and adaptive immune system in the initiation process of cytolytic immune responses and offers the basis for efficient vaccine strategies.
A CASE OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS WITH MALIGNANT THYMOMA AND PURE RED CELL APLASIA (1994)

A 63-year-old woman was admitted to a neighborhood hospital because of difficulty in holding her head up in December, 1988. Medical therapy for myasthenia gravis was started. A simple X-ray film and CT of the chest revealed a mediastinal tumor. An enlargement of the tumor and severe anemia developed, then pure red cell aplasia was diagnosed in April, 1992. The patient was admitted to the hospital for a surgery of the mediastinal tumor. On admission, the classification of her myasthenia gravis was Osserman II a type. The activity was eased with an anti Ch-E drug. CT revealed that the mediastinal tumor was egg-sized and located in the fore-mediastinum with internal calcification, and its invasion into the left lung was lightly suspected. At the time of the operation a thymoma located in the lower left lobe of the thymus invading the left pleura and left lung was observed, so that the extended thymectomy including this site was performed. Histological diagnosis of the tumor revealed malignant invasive thymoma. After the operation, radiotherapy was added. We here report this rare case of autoimmune disease with a malignant thymoma, and survey of the literature on this subject is added.
Dynamic and three dimensional transcranial ultrasonography of an arachnoid cyst in the cerebral convexity (2001)

Structural imaging of the brain, such as cerebral computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, is state-of-the-art. Dynamic transcranial (dTC) ultrasonography and three-dimensional (3D) transcranial color-coded duplex (TCC) ultrasonography are complementary, noninvasive procedures with the capacity for real-time imaging, which may aid in the temporary management of space-occupying lesions. A 16-year-old woman presented with recurrent tension-type headaches. A space-occupying arachnoid cyst in the cerebral convexity was demonstrated on MR images. The patient underwent an examination for raised intracranial pressure. which was performed using a standard color-coded duplex ultrasonography system attached to a personal computer-based system for 3D data acquisition. Transcranial ultrasonography was used to identify the outer arachnoid membrane of the cyst, which undulated freely in response to rotation of the patient's head (headshake maneuver). Three-dimensional data sets were acquired and, using a multiplanar reformatting reconstruction algorithm, the authors obtained high-resolution images that corresponded to the initial MR image and a follow-up cranial CT scan. No detectable differences were observed on dTC or 3D TC ultrasonograms obtained at follow-up examinations performed 9 and 28 months later. Three-dimensional TCC and dTC ultrasonography may complement conventional diagnostic procedures such as MR and CT imaging. This report represents evidence of the high resolution and good reproducibility of 3D TC methods. Ultrasonography is a mobile and inexpensive tool and may be used to improve management and therapeutic strategies for patients with space-occupying brain lesions in selected cases.
Improved Forensic Recovery of PKZIP Stream Cipher Passwords (2019)

Data archives are often compressed following the PKZIP format and can optionally be encrypted with either the PKZIP stream cipher or the AES block cipher. In this article, we present new implementations of two attacks against the PKZIP stream cipher. To our knowledge, this is the first time those attacks have been demonstrated on Graphical Processing Unit (GPU). Our first implementation is retrieving archive passwords using the internal state of the PKZIP stream cipher obtained through the known-plaintext attack of Biham and Kocher. Passwords up to length 14 can be recovered within a month considering a single Nvidia 1080 Ti GPU. If one hundred of those cards are available, passwords up to length 15 would be recovered in less than 27 days. The second implementation is a more direct attack designed to retrieve an archive’s password without requiring any additional knowledge than the ciphertext. Experimental results show that our two implementations are at least ten times faster than the state of the art. This is an undeniable asset for investigators who may be particularly interested in further deepening their forensic analysis on an encrypted archive.
The Global Epidemic of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (2002)

Of the 50 million deaths that occur in the world, 40 million occur in developing countries. Already a substantial proportion of these deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases. It is projected that by the year 2025 well over 80-90% of all the cardiovascular diseases in the world will be occurring in low income and middle income countries. This increase in cardiovascular disease is due to a number of causes which include the following: (1) conquest of deaths in childhood and infancy from nutritional deficiencies and infection; (2) urbanization with increasing levels of obesity; (3) increasing longevity of the population so that a higher proportion of individuals reach the age when they are subject to chronic diseases, and (4) increasing use of tobacco worldwide. In most countries in the world other than those in the West, the burden of disease is still due to a combination of infections and nutritional disorders as well as those due to chronic diseases. This double burden of disease poses a challenge that is not only medical and epidemiological, but also social and political. Tackling this projected global epidemic of cardiovascular disease therefore needs policies that combine sound knowledge of prevention, good clinical care, but also deals with the allocation of resources for both individual level and community level preventive strategies. The former involves dealing with high-risk individuals through appropriate medical and therapeutic interventions. The latter involves societal level changes including laws that curb the use of tobacco, and strategies that promote physical activities, and appropriate nutrition.
R-CHOP in NLPHL: who should receive it? (2017)

In this issue of Blood , Fanale and colleagues report promising treatment results for patients with newly diagnosed nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) receiving R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) (see figure). 1
Effects of balance training on hemiplegic stroke patients. (2002)

Dynamic balance function of patients in the visual feedback training group had significant improvements when compared with the control group. Activities of daily living (ADL) function in self-care also had significant improvements at 6 months of follow up in the trained group. The results showed that balance training was beneficial for patients after hemiplegic stroke.
Retention of Implanted Gases and Enhanced Thermal Expansion of Mica (1993)

Helium and xenon gases implanted into muscovite micas increase the reversible thermal expansion perpendicular to the silicate layers by one or two orders of magnitude. The gas‐mica composite behaves like a gas within an elastic membrane, and this can be developed into a thermal actuator or heat sensor. Helium gas is implanted into muscovite mica to simulate the anomalous thermal expansion behavior of water in phlogopite. The implanted Xe gas has been studied by Rutherford backscattering and by counting and measuring gas bubble radii. Helium gas appears to diffuse out of the structure, since the anomalous thermal expansion decreases slowly over a period of several months. All of the implanted Xe is found to remain within the mica structure.
Image analogies (2001)

This paper describes a new framework for processing images by example, called “image analogies.” The framework involves two stages: a design phase, in which a pair of images, with one image purported to be a “filtered” version of the other, is presented as “training data”; and an application phase, in which the learned filter is applied to some new target image in order to create an “analogous” filtered result. Image analogies are based on a simple multi-scale autoregression, inspired primarily by recent results in texture synthesis. By choosing different types of source image pairs as input, the framework supports a wide variety of “image filter” effects, including traditional image filters, such as blurring or embossing; improved texture synthesis, in which some textures are synthesized with higher quality than by previous approaches; super-resolution, in which a higher-resolution image is inferred from a low-resolution source; texture transfer, in which images are “texturized” with some arbitrary source texture; artistic filters, in which various drawing and painting styles are synthesized based on scanned real-world examples; and texture-by-numbers, in which realistic scenes, composed of a variety of textures, are created using a simple painting interface.