gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Parametric investigation of ground roughness on the interference between AP-mine and clutter-object buried under two-dimensional random rough surfaces</title> (2002)

In realistic landmine fields, the anti-personnel plastic mine is often buried nearby a clutter-object under the ground. The presence of a second object buried near the mine under a two-dimensional (2-D) rough ground can easily obscure the target and/or cause a false alarm. The separation distance between the AP mine and clutter-object plays a significant role on the probability of true or false alarm in this situation. A rigorous electromagnetic model has been developed to analyze the scattering mechanism between the target and the clutter-object, between the target and the rough ground, between clutter-object and the rough ground and the multiple scattering between different spots on the rough ground itself. The new rigorous model is based on the classical electromagnetic equivalence theorem leading to producing six new integral equations. Using the Method of Moment (MoM), the new integral equations are transformed into a linear system of equations to be solved for the unknown electric and magnetic currents on the surface of three scatterers; 1) rough ground, 2)target and 3)clutter-object. The MoM impedance matrix completely represents every interaction between these three scatterers. The superior Steepest Descent Fast Multipole Method (SDFMM) is used to tremendously speed up the computations of the unknown MoM surface currents.
Hyperbranched Molecular Nanocapsules:  Comparison of the Hyperbranched Architecture with the Perfect Linear Analogue (2002)

The results of a comparative study of hyperbranched, partially esterified polyglycerols with their linear polyglycerol analogues with respect to molecular encapsulation and phase transfer are reported. Two hyperbranched polyglycerol samples with molecular weights of 3000 and 8000 g/mol (Mw/Mn = 1.3), respectively, have been partially esterified using palmitoyl chloride. The same modification was applied to the structurally analogous linear polyglycerol (3000 g/mol). A detailed UV-vis study correlated with viscosity experiments demonstrated that only the hyperbranched core-shell structures form "nanocapsules", leading to the encapsulation of polar guest molecules. The results underline the crucial role of the hyperbranched topology and the resulting solution conformation for supramolecular guest encapsulation and phase transfer. The unusually compact ("collapsed") structure assumed by the hyperbranched core-shell amphiphiles in apolar media is responsible for the formation of a hydrophilic compartment, capable of irreversibly taking up guest molecules.
Design and performance of profiled dielectric loaded horns (1994)

Profiled dielectric loaded horns are investigated with the aim of obtaining low peak crosspolar level and high aperture efficiency. A number of nonlinear profiles are considered. The paper also looks into the influence of profiling on the bandwidth of the horn and the effect of nonuniformities in the dielectric material on horn performance.
Some Automated Cartography Developments at the Defense Mapping Agency. (1981)

The first steps toward an automated cartographic capability at DMA were taken to relieve the burden of manual scribing and drafting. Thus, the focus was on the automatic plotting of grids and projections, and later, on the digitization and tagging of line work, its digital manipulation, and its automatic plotting or scribing in a symbolized format. The present capability includes many photogrammetric, graphic, and hybrid techniques to capture cartographic and topographic information in a digital format directly from aerial photography or existing topographic maps. The emphasis today is upon the processing of such data into large data bases of elevations, cultural and natural features, and place names. The developments which will demand careful attention in the next decade are twofold. First, the structure and scope of the data bases will expand so that they may fully support topographic mapping, hydrographic charting, and special activity graphics. Second, systems will be developed to quickly exploit these data bases for the generation of both special and general purpose products in both graphic and digital formats. (Author)
Effects of electrostatic nonlinearity on the rate measuring performance of ring based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) (2022)

Electrostatic nonlinearities are the dominant source of nonlinearity in ring-based capacitive Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) and have potential to parametrically amplify the sense response of the ring resonator and enhance measurement sensitivity. This paper investigates the effects of electrostatic nonlinearities on the rate-measuring performance of a ring-based capacitive CVG. A nonlinear mathematical model is used to describe the dynamics of the drive and sense modes for a ring resonator including the presence of structural imperfection. For a conventional 8 electrode configuration it is found that the direct and mode-coupled nonlinear stiffnesses for the mode pair are generally unequal, even for perfectly axisymmetric ring structures. These differences are found to affect the scale factor, bias and quadrature error of the gyroscope, and act to split the amplitude-dependent resonant frequencies but with the presence of self-induced nonlinear parametric pumping. The interaction of these effects with small structural imperfections is demonstrated and it is shown that under certain circumstances nonlinearity is able to negate the imperfection effects.
Measuring efficiency of power plants in Israel by data envelopment analysis (1994)

An application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring and evaluating the operating efficiency of power plants in the Israeli Electric Corporation (IEC) is presented. Emphasis is placed on the process of screening the list of potential input and output factors and determining the most relevant ones. Special attention is given to the qualitative factor concerning air pollution, which is treated as a categorical variable. The incorporation of 'standard data' is examined and the results are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PERSONNEL EXPOSURE DURING GAMMA ENDOVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY (2000)

The average radiation dose received by laboratory personnel during a representative 192Ir endocoronary brachytherapy procedure is estimated to be less than 0.1% of the NCRP recommended annual radiation worker's Maximum Permissible Dose (1% of the general public's MPD). This level is justifiable as long as the use of 192Ir benefits patients by producing an improved clinical outcome relative to the use of a less penetrating radionuclide or the application of alternative therapies. Further optimization of the delivery procedure is expected to reduce staff dose.
Control of Differential Inclusion Complexation in the Solid State by Seed Crystals (2005)

Ein Gast wird „eingeimpft“: Die Komplexierung von rac-1 im Festkörper mit einem Gast wie Et2O, der als Gasphase vorliegt, gelingt in Gegenwart eines Impfkristalls der Einschlussverbindung (siehe Bild). So entsteht beim Überleiten von Et2O-Dampf über 1 mit einem Impfling von 1⋅(Et2O)3 ausschließlich der 1:3-Komplex.
The use of eBooks and interactive multimedia as alternative forms of technical documentation (2005)

The use of eBooks and interactive multimedia in technical documentation is an emerging and important trend for delivering abstract and complex technical information that is enticing, engaging, and -most important of all- effective. With the substantial (and growing) number of documents available electronically, it is a non-trivial task for technical writers to even reach their target audience, let alone engage them. Both eBooks and interactive multimedia feature unique characteristics that serve two important functions: piquing the interest in the user, and aiding in the transmittal of complex technical information. Further, the use of eBooks and interactive multimedia in technical documentation helps to differentiate from the myriad other technical documents. At the IBM Toronto Software Laboratory, the Media Design Studio (MDS) works collaboratively with the information development community to produce graphics and diagrams for technical documentation. This paper explores alternative forms of IBM technical documentation in the form of two case studies-one an eBook and the other a Macromedia Flash-based interactive multimedia presentation. Both projects were co-developed by the writers and graphic designers, with a mandate to create a rich, graphical approach to entice and engage users to read and understand complex technical concepts.
Glomus Vagale Tumor: The Significance of Early Vocal Cord Paralysis (1989)

Glomus body tumors most frequently originate in the middle ear (tympanicum) or on the jugular bulb (jugulare). Tumors that arise from the vagal body account for less than 2.5% of these unique paraganglionic neoplasms. Otologic manifestations of tympanicum and jugulare tumors usually precede or accompany neurologic findings. In reviewing five cases of glomus vagale tumors, the initial symptom of voice change, caused by vocal cord paralysis, preceded the presenting symptoms of hearing loss and tinnitus by an average of 2.5 years. The concept of early cranial nerve involvement by glomus vagale tumors is supported in a literature review. The evaluation of "idiopathic" vocal cord paralysis must include radiographic inspection of the skull base, whereas an accurate, temporal account of presenting symptoms may help distinguish vagal body tumors from other vascular neoplasms of this region.
Functional ligament-guided femoral rotation with patient-specific instruments: description of a new surgical technique (2016)

Background: There are two basic implantation philosophies in total knee arthroplasty that essentially determine the rotational alignment of the femur. One method, the measured resection technique, uses bony landmarks to determine alignment, while the other, the gap-balancing technique, uses soft-tissue tension as the reference. The use of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has so far only been employed in cases where alignment is based on bony landmarks; alignment of the femoral rotation applying the gap-balancing technique is not currently possible. Methods: This paper describes the use of PSI with alignment using a balancer device in 25 patients, corresponding to the gap-balancing technique. The average age of the study population was 67.6±6.7 yr. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and flexion of the knee joint were recorded preoperatively and then at 3 and 12 mo postoperatively. Postoperatively, function was determined based on the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and any complications were documented. Deviation to the neutral mechanical leg axis also was determined based on long-standing radiographs of the lower extremity. Results: The KSS and flexion improved after 3 and 12 mo compared with preoperative results. The FJS was 34.4±4.2 points after 3 mo and 57.8±8.4 points after 12 mo. There were no complications. The deviation of the neutral mechanical axis averaged 1.5 degrees±1.8 degrees. Conclusions: The data show that the alignment of the PSI also can be achieved functionally, which will extend the range of application of PSI, especially in complex anatomical situations and after previous surgery.
Robust time reversal focusing in the ocean (2003)

Recent time-reversal experiments with high-frequency transmissions (3.5 kHz) show that stable focusing is severely limited by the time-dependent ocean environments. The vertical focal structure displays dynamic variations associated with focal splitting and remerging resulting in large changes in focal intensity. Numerical simulations verify that the intensity variation is linked to the focal shift induced by phase changes in acoustic waves resulting from sound speed fluctuations due to internal waves. A relationship between focal range shift, frequency shift, or channel depth changes is illustrated using waveguide-invariant theory. Based on the analysis of experimental data and numerical simulations, methods for robust time-reversal focusing are developed to extend the period of stable focusing.
Studies on the Metabolism of C19 Steroids in Rat Liver (1968)

The formation of polar, saturated C 19 steroids with a 3‐keto‐5α‐configuration after incubation of 17β‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐en‐3‐one (testosterone) with 105,000 × g microsomes of adult male rat liver was investigated. The metabolites were isolated by thin‐layer chromatography and were identified as 2β‐,6β‐(tentatively), 7α‐, and 16α‐hydroxy‐5α‐dihydrotestosterone by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The same compounds were also isolated after incubation with 2β‐,6β‐,7α‐, and 16α‐hydroxytestosterone, respectively. Incubation with 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, however, resulted in the formation of 2β‐,7α‐, and 16α‐hydroxy‐5α‐dihydrotestosterone whereas no 6β‐hydroxy‐5α‐dihydrotestosterone could be found.
N-Methyl-Substituted Aza[1n]metacyclophane:  Preparation, Structure, and Properties (1999)

A series of aza[1(n)()]metacyclophanes (n = 3-8), which correspond to the cyclic oligomers of poly(m-aniline), are obtained in one step by a Pd(0)-catalyzed amination reaction of 3-bromo-N-methylaniline. The most stable conformations of the cyclic trimer and tetramer are determined by density functional calculations. The theoretical results show that these new macrocyclic compounds can be regarded as precursors for cyclophane-based high-spin molecules. Moreover, we describe their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in connection with the ring size of these cyclic oligomers.
A traffic light extension to Cell Transmission Model for estimating urban traffic jam (2013)

Urban traffic congestions have become a financial and societal burden in many cities. Efficient traffic management solutions mitigating such congestions require a reliable modeling and estimation of traffic jams. In urban traffic, the modeling challenges are related to flow collisions and gridlocks created at intersections. In this paper, we propose a traffic light extended Cell Transmission Model (CTM), where the influence of flow collisions and gridlocks are modeled by a single CK parameter. Our approach only requires adapting CK for each intersection type/geometry instead of a complex mathematical formulae proposed in related works. We formalize the description of our urban CTM, and evaluate its capability to model traffic volumes and jams against the microscopic traffic simulator SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility). Results show that the CK parameter is able to closely reproduce the impact of collisions and gridlocks on traffic jam, making the proposed urban CTM suitable to predict traffic congestions in urban environments.
HPV Vaccination Benefits Women Older than 25 (2014)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization campaigns are typically directed at adolescent girls who are not yet sexually active; however, adult women are potentially susceptible to new infection. In an industry-sponsored international study, investigators randomized 5752 women older than 25 to receive HPV 16/18 vaccine or placebo. For this interim analysis, participants were followed for persistent HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial …
A 92.1% efficient DC-DC converter for ultra-low power microcontrollers with fast wake-up (2017)

In this paper, we present a 92.1% peak efficiency DC-DC converter for integration in a ultra-low power microcontroller. The converter is designed to drastically reduce the wake-up energy of the system while achieving a high efficiency value of 92.1% and a small quiescent current of only 440 nA. The converter guarantees an output ripple smaller than 30 mV loaded with only 56 nF. The regulator is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process and occupies 0.14 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It operates from 1.8 V to 3.3 V and provides a stable output of 1.2 V.
Paradoxical functional facilitation in brain-behaviour research (1996)

The aim in this review article is to document research findings that have shown paradoxical effects of nervous system changes, whereby direct or indirect neural damage may result in facilitation of behavioural functions. Such findings have often been ignored or undervalued in the brain-behaviour research literature. A further aim is to consider possible mechanisms and theoretical insights related to this facilitation. Analyses of relevant studies show that two major types of paradoxical functional facilitation (PFF) effects may be distinguished. (i) Situations where damage to intact brain tissue brings to normal or near normal a previously subnormal or abnormal level of functioning. I refer to improved levels of functioning in such contexts as restorative PFF effects. One of the best documented examples of such PFF effects is the 'Sprague effect', whereby collicular lesions may bring about an improvement in visual functioning following an initial occipital lesion. (ii) Situations where a subject with nervous system pathology or sensory loss performs better than normal control subjects on a particular task. I refer to improved levels of performance in these contexts as enhancing PFF effects. Restorative and enhancing PFF effects have been found in a range of domains, including memory, sensory and perceptual functions, and language functioning. A potential contribution of PFF effects is that they highlight two important neural mechanisms, i.e. inhibition and compensatory plasticity. Two broad classes of theoretical insights related to PFF effects are therefore discussed: (i) inhibitory mechanisms, which form part of an interactive view of brain function where competitive opponent-processing is a significant feature; (ii) 'compensatory augmentation', which occurs as a specific manifestation of CNS plasticity. Both of these mechanisms are considered in relation to paradoxical increases in CBF and anatomical annexation effects that are seen in neurological patients and in subjects with sensory loss. Paradoxical functional facilitation paradigms represent a powerful methodological tool for confirming or refuting hypotheses in brain-behaviour research. The counter-intuitive nature of PFF findings provides a particularly persuasive set of evidence in support of neural, conceptual or computational models of brain function that specifically predict paradoxical facilitation of cognitive functioning.
Molecular profiling of ALDH1+ colorectal cancer stem cells reveals preferential activation of MAPK, FAK, and oxidative stress pro-survival signalling pathways (2018)

Tumour heterogeneity leads to variable clinical response and inaccurate diagnostic and prognostic assessment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation responsible for invasion, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence in many human cancer types. However, the true identity of colorectal cancer (CRC) SCs remains elusive. Here, we aimed to characterize and define the gene expression portrait of CSCs in CRC-model SW403 cells. We found that ALDH<sup>+</sup> positive cells are clonogenic and highly proliferative; their global gene expression profiling-based molecular signature revealed gene enrichment related to DNA damage, MAPK, FAK, oxidative stress response, and Wnt signalling. ALDH<sup>+</sup> cells showed enhanced ROS stress resistance, whereas MAPK/FAK pathway pharmacologic inhibition limited their survival. Conversely, 5-fluorouracil increased the ALDH<sup>+</sup> cell fraction among the SW403, HCT116 and SW620 CRC models. Notably, analysis of <i>ALDH1A1</i> and POU5F1 expression levels in cohorts of 462 or 420 patients for overall (OS) or disease-free (DFS) survival, respectively, obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas CRC dataset, revealed strong association between elevated expression and poor OS (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and poor DFS (<i>p</i> = 0.05), thus implicating <i>ALDH1A1</i> and POU5F1 in CRC prognosis. Our data reveal distinct molecular signature of ALDH<sup>+</sup> CSCs in CRC and suggest pathways relevant for successful targeted therapies and management of CRC.
New regulations for oral contraceptive prescription in France in 2013: what is the impact on adult female acne? (2016)

In 2012, a young French woman lodged a complaint against a pharmaceutical company having suffered a cerebral stroke. The French health authority recommended all prescribers of hormonal contraception (HCP) to favour second-generation HCP. To evaluate the consequences of these recommendations on female acne. A prospective multicentre study using a standardised questionnaire completed by 1,724 women. The mean age was 26.57 years; 58.7% of the women had changed their HCP during the last 12 months. The initial ratio of first or second/third or fourth-generation drugs was 5.5%/82.9% which changed after the recommendations to 70.6%/29.4%. Among the patients who switched from third or fourth to first or second-generation drugs, 83.9% considered that their acne had worsened (p<0.0001). In those patients who received a local acne treatment, 72.1% had additional systemic treatment. This study confirms the important rise in prescriptions of first or second-generation HCP. This switch has resulted in a significant increase in acne, requiring treatment for the large majority of patients, thus confirming the role of a hormonal factor in female acne.
Conversion of Fuel Nitrogen to NOx in a Compact Combustor (1974)

A low-nitrogen fuel, ASTM Jet A aviation kerosene, was doped with increasing amounts of pyridine as a means of increasing the content of chemically bound nitrogen, then burned at a rate of 50 lb/hr in a compact combustor incorporating staged air admission with a rich primary zone, and water cooling of the walls. Each increase in fuel nitrogen content resulted in a significant increase in NOx in the combustion products, and it is estimated that as much as 90 percent of the fuel nitrogen was converted to NOx at very low nitrogen levels, decreasing to 55 percent conversion at higher levels. These results are consistent with data reported for large steam boilers and for small residential boilers. It appears that emission standards requiring very low levels of NOx emission will require use of fuels with very low nitrogen content.
Botnet Topology Reconstruction: A Case Study (2012)

Over the past decade, bot net has been a serious threat to the Internet because it can be used to launch a variety of attacks on the Internet. To prevent the attacks, we have to fully understand the infection paths and attack methods of bot net. Hence, this study is aimed at reconstructing scenarios of attacks performed by bot net on the Testbed@TWISC platform in such a way that the behavior of the bot net and the infection period can be observed and analyzed so that better defense tools can be built.
Cognitive space in the interactive movie map : an investigation of spatial learning in virtual environments (1981)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982.
Movable Steel Trim Rods and the Orbit Dynamics of the Chalk River Superconducting Heavy Ion Cyclotron (1977)

Trim rods rather than trim coils have been chosen to isochronize the magnetic field. These provide good isochronism and the tolerances associated with the rods are acceptable. For low specific-energy high-mass ions, regions where ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> approaches unity have been studied in detail. The rods can readily remove unwanted error field components.
Subcortical Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (iTBS) Increases Theta-Power in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) (2020)

Acute subcortical iTBS from the DBS electrode was safe and well-tolerated. This novel stimulation pattern delivered from the GPi may increase theta-frequency power in ipsilateral DLPFC. Future studies will confirm these changes in DLPFC activity during iTBS and evaluate whether they are associated with improvements in cognitive or behavioral symptoms from PD.