gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beam Multiplexing Using the Phased-Array Weather Radar (2007)

Abstract The recently installed S-band phased-array radar (PAR) at the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) offers fast and flexible beam steering through electronic beam forming. This capability allows the implementation of a novel scanning strategy termed beam multiplexing (BMX), with the goal of providing fast updates of weather information with high statistical accuracy. For conventional weather radar the data acquisition time for a sector scan or a volume coverage pattern (VCP) can be reduced by increasing the antenna’s rotation rate to the extent that the pedestal allows. However, statistical errors of the spectral moment estimates will increase due to the fewer samples that are available for the estimation. BMX is developed to exploit the idea of collecting independent samples and maximizing the usage of radar resources. An improvement factor is introduced to quantify the BMX performance, which is defined by the reduction in data acquisition time using BMX when the same data accuracy obtained by a conventional scanning strategy is maintained. It is shown theoretically that a fast update without compromising data quality can be achieved using BMX at small spectrum widths and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Applications of BMX to weather observations are demonstrated using the PAR, and the results indicate that an average improvement factor of 2–4 can be obtained for SNR higher than 10 dB.
On the suitability of roach, perch, vendace and whitefish for canning in small scale canning stations (1978)

The suitability of roach (Rutilus rutilus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), vendace (Coregonus albula L.), and whitefish (Coregonus sp.) for canning in small scale canning stations was tested. Various pretreatment methods and processing conditions were evaluated for different fish species. Processing equipment suitable for small scale canning stations was developed in the course of this study. The keepability of the canned products was followed by physical, organoleptic and microbiological determinations during a period of 18 months. The roach, vendace and whitefish preserves were of the types »canned fish in tomato sauce» and »canned fish in oil and its own juice» and the perch preserves of the type »canned fish in brine». Roach, vendace and whitefish were salted by immersing into 21 % brine for 4—25 minutes depending on the size of the fish and preheated by smoking at 90° C for 60 —120 minutes. Products of good quality were obtained from whitefish which was dried by cooking in oil at 120 °C for 3 minutes instead of smoking. The perch were cooked in 3 % and 4 % brine for 15—20 minutes depending on the size of the fish. The best time and temperature combination for the aimed F value 10 and for a product of good quality was 60 minutes at 115°C when using rotation. In organoleptic evaluation all the canned products were judged to be of good quality and there were no significant changes in appearance, texture, taste or aroma during 18 months' storage at room temperature. No microbial growth or swelling of the cans was detected during storage. Use of frozen raw material in canning whitefish had no detectable effect on the quality of the final product.
Protecting cryptographic keys and computations via virtual secure coprocessing (2005)

Cryptographic processing is a critical component of secure networked computing systems. The protection offered by cryptographic processing, however, greatly depends on the methods employed to manage, store, and exercise a user's cryptographic keys. In general, software-only key management schemes contain numerous security weaknesses. Thus, many systems protect keys with distributed protocols or supplementary hardware devices, such as smart cards and cryptographic coprocessors. However, these key protection mechanisms suffer from combinations of user inconvenience, inflexibility, performance penalties, and high cost.In this paper, we propose architectural enhancements for general-purpose processors that protect core secrets by facilitating virtual secure coprocessing (VSCoP). We describe modest hardware modifications and a trusted software library that allow common computing devices to perform flexible, high-performance, and protected cryptographic computation. The hardware additions include a small key store in the processor, encryption engines at the cache-memory interface, a few new instructions, and minor hardware platform modifications. With these enhancements, users can store, transport, and employ their secret keys to safely complete cryptographic operations in the presence of insecure software. In addition, we provide a foundation with which users can more securely access their secret keys on any Internet-connected computing device (that supports VSCoP) without requiring auxiliary hardware such as smart cards.
Contempo '81. Hematology (1981)

<h3>The Cure of Acute Leukemia in Adults: Beginnings</h3> In the summer of 1927, a 49-year-old businessman from New York consulted Dr W. Gloor, in Naegeli's Clinic in Zürich, Switzerland. He had typical acute leukemia with a WBC count of 102,400/cu mm, with 93% myeloblasts. Bleeding, fever, and splenomegaly rounded out his clinical picture. Treated with the relatively crude, ineffective agents available at the time—radiation, arsenic, and mesothorium—his illness took a surprising turn. The leukemia disappeared and the businessman returned home. On a return visit to Switzerland a year later, he was free of disease.<sup>1</sup>One might imagine that this striking therapeutic success firmly established the young physician's reputation. But alas, this was not the case. The experts of the time could conclude only that he had made a mistake in diagnosis, and Dr Gloor left the university to practice at a hospital in a small canton. Until recently, our
Seismic imaging combining active and passive sources using distributed acoustic sensing (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;DAS finds growing interest in seismic exploration by offering a dense and low-cost coverage of the area investigated. Nonetheless, contrary to the usual geophones that measure the displacement, DAS provides information on the strain. In this work, we perform quantitative imaging of elastic media designing a new misfit functional that is adapted to these data-sets. This misfit criterion is based on the reciprocity-gap, hence defining the full reciprocity-gap waveform inversion. The main feature of our misfit is that it does not require the knowledge of the exciting source positions, and it allows us to combine data from active and passive (of unknown location) sources. In particular, the data from passive sources contain the low-frequency information needed to build initial models, while the exploration data contain the higher frequencies. We consequently follow a multi-resolution framework that we illustrate with two-dimensional elastic experiments.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Noncovalent Interactions and Impact of Charge Penetration Effects in Linear Oligoacene Dimers and Single Crystals (2016)

Noncovalent interactions determine in large part the thermodynamic aspects of molecular packing in organic crystals. Using a combination of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and classical multipole electrostatics, we describe the interaction potential energy surfaces for dimers of the oligoacene family, from benzene to hexacene, including up to 5000 configurations for each system. An analysis of these surfaces and a thorough assessment of dimers extracted from the reported crystal structures underline that high-order interactions (i.e., three-body nonadditive interactions) must be considered in order to rationalize the details of the crystal structures. A comparison of the SAPT electrostatic energy with the multipole interaction energy demonstrates the importance of the contribution of charge penetration, which is shown to account for up to 50% of the total interaction energy in dimers extracted from the experimental single crystals; in the case of the most stable cofacial model dimers, this contribution is even larger than the total interaction energy. Our results highlight the importance of taking account of charge penetration in studies of the larger oligoacenes.
Covalent Functionalization of Graphene with Reactive Intermediates (2012)

Graphene, a material made exclusively of sp(2) carbon atoms with its π electrons delocalized over the entire 2D network, is somewhat chemically inert. Covalent functionalization can enhance graphene's properties including opening its band gap, tuning conductivity, and improving solubility and stability. Covalent functionalization of pristine graphene typically requires reactive species that can form covalent adducts with the sp(2) carbon structures in graphene. In this Account, we describe graphene functionalization reactions using reactive intermediates of radicals, nitrenes, carbenes, and arynes. These reactive species covalently modify graphene through free radical addition, CH insertion, or cycloaddition reactions. Free radical additions are among the most common reaction, and these radicals can be generated from diazonium salts and benzoyl peroxide. Electron transfer from graphene to aryl diazonium ion or photoactivation of benzoyl peroxide yields aryl radicals that subsequently add to graphene to form covalent adducts. Nitrenes, electron-deficient species generated by thermal or photochemical activation of organic azides, can functionalize graphene very efficiently. Because perfluorophenyl nitrenes show enhanced bimolecular reactions compared with alkyl or phenyl nitrenes, perfluorophenyl azides are especially effective. Carbenes are used less frequently than nitrenes, but they undergo CH insertion and C═C cycloaddition reactions with graphene. In addition, arynes can serve as a dienophile in a Diels-Alder type reaction with graphene. Further study is needed to understand and exploit the chemistry of graphene. The generation of highly reactive intermediates in these reactions leads to side products that complicate the product composition and analysis. Fundamental questions remain about the reactivity and regioselectivity of graphene. The differences in the basal plane and the undercoordinated edges of graphene and the zigzag versus arm-chair configurations warrant comprehensive studies. The availability of well-defined pristine graphene starting materials in large quantities remains a key obstacle to the advancement of synthetic graphene chemistry.
Triphenylphosphonium‐Conjugated Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Based Self‐Assembled Nanostructures as Nanosized Drugs and Drug Delivery Carriers for Mitochondria‐Targeting Synergistic Anticancer Drug Delivery (2015)

For mitochondria‐targeting delivery, a coupling reaction between poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol (PCL diol) and 4‐carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium (4‐carboxybutyl TPP) results in the synthesis of amphiphilic TPP‐PCL‐TPP (TPCL) polymers with a bola‐like structure. In aqueous environments, the TPCL polymer self‐assembled via cosolvent dispersion and film hydration, resulting in the formation of cationic nanoparticles (NPs) less than 50 nm in size with zeta‐potentials of approximately 40 mV. Interestingly, different preparation methods for TPCL NPs result in various morphologies such as nanovesicles, nanofibers, and nanosheets. In vitro cytotoxicity results with TPCL NPs indicate IC 50 values of approximately 10–60 μg mL −1 , suggesting their potential as anticancer nanodrugs. TPCL NPs can be loaded both with hydrophobic doxorubicin (Dox) and its hydrophilic salt form (Dox·HCl), and their drug loading contents are approximately 2–10 wt% depending on the loading method and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the drugs. Although Dox·HCl exhibits more cellular and nuclear uptake, resulting in greater antitumor effects than Dox, most drug‐loaded TPCL NPs exhibit higher mitochondrial uptake and approximately 2–7‐fold higher mitochondria‐to‐nucleus preference than free drugs, resulting in superior (approximately 7.5–18‐fold) tumor‐killing activity for most drug‐loaded TPCL NPs compared with free drugs. In conclusion, TPCL‐based nanoparticles have potential both as antitumor nanodrugs themselves and as nanocarriers for chemical therapeutics.
Examining HSD3B1 as a possible biomarker to detect prostate cancer patients who are likely to progress on ADT (2020)

The Chemohormonal Therapy vs Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) was a randomized phase III trial that evaluated the outcomes of men with metastatic prostate cancer who received castration with or without docetaxel. Patients from this trial were genotyped in a recent study to detect HSD3B1 variance and to determine 2-y freedom from castration-resistant prostate cancer as well as overall survival. The results of this study identified HSD3B1 as a possible biomarker that can be used to predict response to therapy in patients with metastatic disease.
Vuxna anhörigas beskrivning av livet efter deras närståendes stroke : en litteraturstudie (2011)

In this pilot study, there were no long-term significant differences in hearing outcomes between the two repair techniques for SCDS. We recommend continuing with the established practice for recommending surgical repair based on individual patient characteristics and preferences in managing both vestibular and auditory function.
Development of a laser range finder for 3D map-building in rubble (2005)

In order to search and rescue the victims in rubble effectively, a 3D map of the rubble is required. As a part of the national project of rescue robot system, we are investigating a method for constructing a 3D map of rubble by teleoperated mobile robots. In this paper, we developed a laser range finder for 3D map-building in rubble. The developed range finder consists of a ring laser beam module and an omnivision camera. Ring laser beam is generated by using a conical mirror and it is radiated toward interior wall of the rubble around a mobile robot that mounts the laser range finder. The omnivision camera with hyperbolic mirror can capture the reflected image of the ring laser on the rubble. Based on the triangulation principle, a cross section range data is obtained. Continuing this measurement as the mobile robot moves inside the rubble, a 3D map is obtained. We constructed a geometric model of the laser range finder for error analysis and obtained an optimal dimension of the laser range finder. Based on this analysis, we actually prototyped a range finder. Experimental results show that the actual measurement errors are well matched to the theoretical values. Using the prototyped laser range finder, a 3D map of rubble was actually built with reasonable accuracy.
Computer Simulation of Chemical Reactions in Synthetic Model Compounds and Genetically Engineered Active Sites (1988)

Abstract : The main objective of this project is to advance our understanding of the principles of biological recognition and specificity by using computer simulation approaches. Such approaches are expected to be essential for detailed elucidation of the origin of the enormous power of biological catalysts and to help in exploiting the resulting insight in designing a new generation of highly specific molecular systems. Our computer simulation models have progressed to the level where we can reproduce the effect of genetic modifications of enzymes on its catalytic power in a semiquantitative way. We are also able to estimate in a reasonable way the overall catalytic effect of some enzymes. In three three years of this contract we have tried to exploit the fast accumulation of experimental information about genetically modified enzymes in developing clearer design principles. We have progressed in several directions toward this aim: (i) we explored a significant number of genetically modified enzymes (trypsin, subtilisin Aspartateiminotransferase and staphloccocal nucleases) and obtained more confidence in our predictive power. Keywords: Biological recognition, Enzyme catalysis, Computer aided enzyme engineering, Catalytic antibodies, Synthetic active sites.
Validation of coffee berry borer (CBB) trapping with the Brocap® trap. (2005)

The purpose of this two years' work was to validate CBB trapping, after a long development and industrial manufacturing phase to produce a commercial trap model patented and registered under the BROCAP® brand. The main aims were to evaluate the capture potential of the BROCAP® trap in the field, demonstrate its effectiveness during actual trapping campaigns and determine its impact on coffee production. In this context, the objective was to identify any weaknesses of the trap, assess how future users would accept this new tool and estimate costs. On the fifteen coffee farms selected during the first year, which were located in the main three coffee areas in El Salvador, two 4.2 ha plots were marked out per farm, one with trapping the other without. The total number of traps per farm was 12 per 0.7 ha, i.e. a total of 72. They were installed for the start of CBB migration from residual fruits remaining after the harvest and were only removed once migration was complete. Prior to trapping, infected berries were sampled in all the plots to determine live CBB population levels. CBB catches were measured by a volumetric method. Population levels were then assessed after trapping, or more precisely after the colonization of new fruits, and then at the beginning of the harvest. The same procedure was followed in the second year on a sample of four farms only. The results showed that the BROCAP® trap was able to catch large numbers of CBB. On one farm, 7 million females were caught, with an average of 76 000 per trap in 20 days. In the first year, on the 8 plots where the protocol was strictly applied, the infestation level fell visibly when compared to the control plots, with a reduction of 84.6% in one plot. In the second year, the greatest reduction reached 87.1%. The plots with trapping also displayed higher green coffee yields than the control plots, with a weight gain varying from 2.9% to 16.3%. With the experience of this CBB control programme, some suggestions were made to improve the BROCAP® trap, adjust it to true field conditions and ensure its commercial success.
Nonlinearity effect on dual photonic crystal fiber coupler for generating fully optical logic gates (2019)

Abstract In this work, we present a numerical investigation of the asymmetric double nonlinear coupling of photonic crystal fibers in an on‐off switch to obtain fully optical logic gates. Ultra‐short pulses (100 fs) are propagated through the device in three distinct excitation power regimes, power below critical ( P o = 72 kW, where P o represents the excitation power of the device), critical power ( P c = 103.5 kW, where P c represents critical Power for which the power switching is 50% for both guides. There are cases where P o is above the critical value, there are cases that is below), and power above critical ( P o = 110 kW). The pulse switching characteristics are analyzed as a function of the input power and the nonlinearity profile ( β ‐beta) inserted in one of the component guides. The nonlinearity profiles follow the regimes: constant, increasing and decreasing, and high order effects, such as third‐order dispersion, intrapulse Raman scattering and self‐steepening are included in the generalized Schrödinger nonlinear equation governs the pulse propagation dynamics. The results show that the proposed device can be used to obtain AND, OR, and NOT logic gate. Numerical studies were done from the coupled‐coupled equations solved using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method, using MATLAB as a programming tool for solving equations. The implementation of fully optical logic gates tends to revolutionize new digital systems in the field of data storage, such as optical memory, “replacement” of electronic circuits among other applications. Optical systems have a great advantage as they are free from electromagnetic interference and have high rates of data transmission.
NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (1978)

(1) Neurologic complications remain a significant problem in bacterial endocarditis. Of 218 patients with endocarditis, 84 (39%) had a neurologic complication and 58% of these 84 patients died. In contrast, the mortality rate was only 20% among those endocarditis patients without neurologic complications. (2) Of the neurologic complications, cerebral embolism is the most frequent and important. An embolic stroke occurred in 37 (17%) of our patients, with 30 of these patients dying. Emboli are important not only in terms of the direct morbidity and mortality they cause via cerebral infarction, but also because of their role in the causation of mycotic aneurysms, brain abscesses, and abnormal CSF formulae. (3) Cerebral emboli are particularly common in patients with mitral valve infection, and in patients with infection due to virulent organisms, particularly S. aureus and enteric gram-negative bacilli. (4) Mycotic aneurysms occur more frequently in the course of acute endocarditis rather than late in the course of subacute disease. Management of angiographically demonstrated mycotic aneurysms is dependent upon the presence or absence of hemorrhage, the anatomic location of the aneurysm, and the clinical course of the patient. Healing of mycotic aneurysms can occur during the course of effective antimicrobial therapy, thus obviating the need for neurosurgical intervention in all such patients. (5) Macroscopic brain abscess is a rare complication of bacterial endocarditis. Miliary microscopic abscesses are more common than larger abscesses, particularly in patients with acute disease and miliary infection in other organs of the body. (6) Focal seizures occur most commonly in endocarditis patients with acute embolic disease; generalized seizures are of diverse etiologies, with metabolic factors being most important. Penicillin neurotoxicity should be considered in patients with impaired renal function who are receiving high dose penicillin. (7) With the exception of hemorrhagic complications, lumbar puncture results tend to reflect the nature of the infecting organism rather than the nature of the neurologic complication. Endocarditis due to virulent organisms such as S. aureus is usually associated with a purulent CSF formula while nonvirulent organisms, such as viridans streptococci, susually have aseptic or normal CSF formulae.
Correlation between leptin and risk factors of cerebral infarction (2006)

目的:探讨瘦素与脑梗死危险因素之间的关系,为脑梗死的康复干预提供参考数据.方法:选择86例急性脑梗死患者为观察对象,为华北煤炭医学院附属医院2004-02/2005-02收治.测定其急性期血清中的瘦素、胰岛素、血糖、胰岛素敏感指数、血脂等水平,与同期健康体检者31例(对照组)对照,进行血清瘦素与脑梗死危险因素之间的直线相关和回归分析.结果:117例受试者全部进入结果分析.①脑梗死组与对照组相比,缺血性脑卒中组的三酰甘油、载脂蛋白B、收缩压,舒张压、血糖、胰岛素、肿瘤坏死因子-α均高于对照组[(1.96±0.56),(1.10±0.64)mmol/L;(1.26±0.46),(1.01±0.24)mmol/L;(150.3±16.7),(129.5±17.9)mm Hg;(90.4±9.7),(80.6±9.0)mm Hg;(7.05±2.22),(5.39±0.88)mmol/L;(19.75±8.06),(11.22±3.35)mIU/L;(3.96±2.81),(2.28±3.11)μg/L],统计学检验差异有显著性(P＜0.01).缺血性脑卒中组的胰岛素敏感指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显低于对照组[(-0.94±0.52),(-1.89±0.79);(0.99±0.36),(1.35±0.27)mmol/L],统计学检验差异有显著性(P＜0.01).②单因素相关分析显示,瘦素与性别、三酰甘油、载脂蛋白B、血压、血糖、胰岛素、肿瘤坏死因子-α显著正相关(r=-0.441,0.403,0.386,0.582,0.324,0.539,0.266,0.469,P＜0.001),与胰岛素敏感指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著负相关(r=-0.663,-0.381,P＜0.001).③以有无缺血性脑卒中为应变量,其他指标为自变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归,缺血性脑卒中与年龄、瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子α、收缩压、三酰甘油呈正相关,与胰岛素敏感指数呈负相关.统计学检验差异有显著性(P＜0.05).④以瘦素为应变量,其他指标为自变量进行多元逐步回归显示,瘦素与性别、体质量指数、腰臀比、收缩压、三酰甘油、肿瘤坏死因子α呈正相关,与胰岛素敏感指数负相关.统计学检验差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:①瘦素与脑梗死危险因素之间的关系密切,可能通过影响脑梗死危险因素而参与了脑梗死的发生发展.②瘦素也可能是缺血性脑卒中独立的危险因素.