gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo comparison of simultaneous versus sequential injection technique for thermochemical ablation in a porcine model (2012)

Thermochemical ablation produced substantial volumes of coagulated tissues relative to the amounts of reagents injected, considerably greater than acid alone in either technique employed. The largest volumes were obtained with sequential injection, yet this came at a price in one case of cardiac arrest. Simultaneous injection yielded the highest recorded temperatures and may be tolerated as well as or better than acid injection alone. Although this pilot study did not show a clear advantage for either sequential or simultaneous methods, the results indicate that thermochemical ablation is attractive for further investigation with regard to both safety and efficacy.
PRESENCE OF A DISTINCTIVE MYELOID POPULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INVASIVE TUMOR PHENOTYPE OBSERVED AFTER ANTI-ANGIOGENESIS THERAPIES (2014)

BACKGROUND: The addition of anti-angiogenic therapy to the few treatments that are available to patients with malignant gliomas was based on the fact that these tumors are highly vascularized and on findings from initial preclinical and clinical studies which showed encouraging results. However, tumors that initially respond to this therapy invariably recur with the acquisition of highly aggressive and invasive phenotype. Although several myeloid populations have been associated to the recurrence of these tumors, a specific targetable population has not been yet identified as responsible for the heightened invasion observed upon antiangiogenesis therapies. METHODS: Immunocompromised mice and immunocompetent GFP macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (MAFIA) transgenic mice were used to model the response of malignant gliomas to several antiangiogenesis therapies, such as bevacizumab, VEGF Trap, DC101, and to temozolomide. Analysis of tumors and monocytic populations were performed by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. In vitro studies encompass the use of isolated monocytes from donors and a novel experimental model based on a THP1 human monocytic cell line. Data was corroborated in surgical specimens from human malignant gliomas RESULTS: Here we present evidence for the accumulation of Tie2-expressing cells at the tumor/normal brain interface of immunocompromised mice treated with anti-VEGF therapies in regions with heightened tumoral invasion. This cell population was further characterized as having markers of M2 polarized monocytes/macrophages compatible with Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs). We validated these results using the immunocompetent MAFIA transgenic mice treated with an anti-VEGFR compound. In contrast, TEMs were almost undetectable in the brains of glioma-bearing mice treated with temozolomide or anti-VEGF therapies that did not result in an invasive tumoral pattern. In vitro studies showed that TEMs enhanced the invasive properties of glioma cells compared with monocytes that did not express Tie2 (non-TEMs). Moreover, TEMs displayed a higher gelatinase enzymatic activity and, specifically, secreted higher levels of MMP2 and MMP9 than non-TEMs did. Consistently Tie2/MMP9 monocytic cells were detected in the invasive tumoral edge of mice treated with anti-VEGF therapies. Of clinical relevance, we detected the presence of TEMs in human surgical specimens after anti-VEGF therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results described the association of a specific myeloid/monocytic subpopulation characterized as Tie2-expressing monocytes with the heightened invasion observed after antiangiogenic therapy. Our results suggest that his distinctive population might explain the mechanism of escape of malignant gliomas to anti-angiogenesis therapies. Therefore, combination of antiangiogenesis therapies with approaches to decrease the tumor recruitment of TEMs might be required to obtain a therapeutic effect. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
Effects of O2 on the {113} defect formation in Si observed by in situ ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscopy (1997)

The nucleation and growth of the {113} defects in floating zone Si have been observed in situ in a ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) transmission electron microscopy. After the surfaces of a Si foil are controlled, intense irradiation of 200 keV electrons proceeds at 400 or 500 °C in the base pressure of 1.0×10−7 Pa. We have found that the defect development changes prominently after O2 is injected in a specimen chamber. While O2 flows, the pressure is kept at about 5.0×10−5 Pa. This result has brought direct evidence for the effect of O2 on formation of the defects, since no other impurities are involved in the UHV environment.
Progestin Signaling Through mPRα in Atlantic Croaker Granulosa/Theca Cell Cocultures and Its Involvement in Progestin Inhibition of Apoptosis (2010)

Although there is substantial evidence that membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) perform a critical physiological role in meiotic maturation of fish oocytes, it is unknown whether they are also intermediaries in progestin signaling in the surrounding follicular cells. Here, we show that mPRα protein is located on the plasma membranes of both granulosa and theca cells (G/T cells) isolated from Atlantic croaker ovaries and is associated with the presence of a single high affinity, limited capacity, pertussis toxin-sensitive, specific progestin [17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S)] membrane binding site with the characteristics of mPRα. Treatment of G/T cells with 20β-S caused rapid G protein activation and a transient, pertussis toxin-sensitive, decrease in cAMP levels, whereas the selective nuclear progesterone receptor agonist, R5020, did not cause G protein activation, consistent with previous reports on mPRα signaling. 20β-S treatment decreased serum starvation-induced cell death in both G/T cells and in seatrout mPRα-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas R5020 was ineffective. Moreover, a selective mPRα agonist, 10-ethenyl-19-norprogesterone, mimicked the protective action of 20β-S against cell death, which was lost upon knockdown of mPRα protein but not after progesterone receptor knockdown, further demonstrating an involvement of mPRα. Signaling molecules involved in inhibition of apoptosis, Erk and serine-threonine kinase, were activated in G/T cells by 20β-S, which suggests a potential mechanism for mPRα inhibition of apoptosis. This is the first study to demonstrate endogenous mPR signaling in the ovarian follicle and to suggest a novel physiological role for mPRα in mediating the antiapoptotic actions of progestins in ovarian follicle cells.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonist MIA-602 modulates mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis due to bleomycin (2018)

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a 40-44 amino acid hypothalamic hormone, regulates growth hormone secretion from the pituitary. GHRH is found in other tissues and has effects on induction of α-smooth muscle actin in fibroblasts. Inhibition of GHRH might limit cellular proliferation and fibrosis. We found expression of GHRH-receptor (GHRH-R) in normal and IPF lung tissue by western blotting. We hypothesized that GHRH-R antagonist, peptide analog MIA-602, would inhibit bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice. Aims were to test whether administration of MIA-602 (5 μg or vehicle on days 1-21) decreased lung inflammation (day 14) and fibrosis (day 28) in mice treated with intraperitoneal bleomycin (0.8 units on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21). Lung micro-CT scans, histopathology and hydroxyproline (collagen) content were assessed on days 1, 14 and 28 in mice that received MIA-602 or vehicle. Bleomycin resulted in patchy lung inflammation and fibrosis at day 14. Extent of inflammation and fibrosis (scores were assessed blindly) was less in mice treated with MIA-602 at 14 days. After 28 days, lung hydroxyproline content doubled in mice treated with bleomycin and vehicle, but it did not increase in mice treated with bleomycin and GHRH-R antagonist. GHRH-R antagonists downregulate p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) mediated signal transducer and activation of transcription factor 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor kB (NFkB), implicating this pathway in bleomycin induced lung fibrosis. GHRH-R modulates lung inflammation and fibrosis. Downstream redox signaling pathways may be amenable to therapeutic intervention in fibrosing lung diseases.
Rational Enzyme Engineering Through Biophysical and Biochemical Modeling (2016)

Due to its importance in the pharmaceutical industry, ligand dynamic simulations have experienced a great expansion. Using all-atom models and cutting-edge hardware, one can perform nonbiased ligand migration, active site search, and binding studies. In this Letter, we demonstrate (and validate by PCR mutagenesis) how these techniques, when combined with quantum mechanics, open new possibilities in enzyme engineering. We provide a complete analysis where (1) biophysical simulations produce ligand diffusion and (2) biochemical modeling samples the chemical event. Using such broad analysis, we engineer a highly stable peroxidase activating the enzyme for new substrate oxidation after rational mutation of two nonconserved surface residues. In particular, we create a new surface-binding site, quantitatively predicting the in vitro change in oxidation rate obtained by mutagenic PCR and achieving a comparable specificity constant to active peroxidases.
Adversarial Multi-agent Leader-Follower Graphical Game with Local and Global Objectives (2022)

Multiple leader and follower graphical games constitute challenging problems for aerospace and robotics applications. One of the challenges arises from having a different number of followers and leaders. We overcome this by employing an output containment error system that results in a formulation where outputs of all followers are proved to converge the convex hull spanned by the outputs of leaders. Another challenge is to design distributed Nash equilibrium control strategies for such games, which cannot be achieved with traditional quadratic cost functional formulation. Therefore, a modified cost functional that provides both Nash and distributed control strategies in the sense that each follower uses the state information of its own and neighbors, is presented. Furthermore, an ${{\mathcal{L}}_2}$ gain bound of the output containment error system that experiences unbounded disturbances is investigated by a recently developed class of digraphs that results in a semi-simple pinned graph Laplacian.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Wideband Ultra Compact Coupler between Plasmonic Slot and Silicon Waveguides (2011)

Novel ultra compact and wideband couplers between silicon and plasmonic slot waveguides are analyzed, characterized, and fabricated. An orthogonal junction configuration is employed for coupling between silicon waveguide and 50 nm plasmonic slot.
Utilization of negative beat-frequencies for maximizing the update-rate of OFDR (2015)

In traditional OFDR systems, the backscattered profile of a sensing fiber is inefficiently duplicated to the negative band of spectrum. In this work, we present a new OFDR design and algorithm that remove this redundancy and make use of negative beat frequencies. In contrary to conventional OFDR designs, it facilitates efficient use of the available system bandwidth and enables distributed sensing with the maximum allowable interrogation update-rate for a given fiber length. To enable the reconstruction of negative beat frequencies an <i>I/Q</i> type receiver is used. In this receiver, both the in-phase <i>(I)</i> and quadrature <i>(Q)</i> components of the backscatter field are detected. Following detection, both components are digitally combined to produce a complex backscatter signal. Accordingly, due to its asymmetric nature, the produced spectrum will not be corrupted by the appearance of negative beat-frequencies. Here, via a comprehensive computer simulation, we show that in contrast to conventional OFDR systems, <i>I/Q</i> OFDR can be operated at maximum interrogation update-rate for a given fiber length. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of <i>I/Q</i> OFDR to utilize negative beat-frequencies for long-range distributed sensing.
Identification of Pulmonary T-Lymphocyte and Serum Antibody Isotype Responses Associated with Protection againstRhodococcus equi (2002)

Rhodococcus equi infects and causes pneumonia in foals between 2 and 4 months of age but does not induce disease in immunocompetent adults, which are immune and remain clinically normal upon challenge. Understanding the protective response against R. equi in adult horses is important in the development of vaccine strategies, since those mechanisms likely reflect the protective phenotype that an effective vaccine would generate in the foal. Twelve adult horses were challenged with virulent R. equi and shown to be protected against clinical disease. Stimulation of cells obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with either R. equi or the vaccine candidate protein VapA resulted in significant proliferation and a significant increase in the level of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression by day 7 postchallenge. The levels of interleukin-4 expression were also increased at day 7 postchallenge; however, this increase was not antigen specific. Anamnestic increases in the levels of binding to R. equi and VapA of all immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody isotypes [IgGa, IgGb, IgG(T)] examined were detected postchallenge. The levels of R. equi- and VapA-specific IgGa and IgGb antibodies, the IgG isotypes that preferentially opsonize and fix complement in horses, were dramatically enhanced postchallenge. The antigen-specific proliferation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells, the levels of IFN-gamma expression by these cells, and the anamnestic increases in the levels of opsonizing IgG isotypes are consistent with stimulation of a memory response in immune adult horses and represent correlates for vaccine development in foals.
GRAMM-X public web server for protein-protein docking (2006)

Protein docking software GRAMM-X and its web interface (http://vakser.bioinformatics.ku.edu/resources/gramm/grammx) extend the original GRAMM Fast Fourier Transformation methodology by employing smoothed potentials, refinement stage, and knowledge-based scoring. The web server frees users from complex installation of database-dependent parallel software and maintaining large hardware resources needed for protein docking simulations. Docking problems submitted to GRAMM-X server are processed by a 320 processor Linux cluster. The server was extensively tested by benchmarking, several months of public use, and participation in the CAPRI server track.
Quantum data bus in dipolar coupled nuclear spin qubits (2009)

We implement an iterative quantum state transfer exploiting the natural dipolar couplings in a spin chain of a liquid-crystal NMR system. During each iteration, a finite part of the amplitude of the state is transferred and, by applying an external operation on only the last two spins, the transferred state is made to accumulate on the spin at the end point. The transfer fidelity reaches one asymptotically through increasing the number of iterations. We also implement the inverted version of the scheme which can transfer an arbitrary state from the end point to any other position of the chain and entangle any pair of spins in the chain, acting as a full quantum data bus.
Restricted Structure Control Loop Performance Assessment For Pid Controllers And State‐Space Systems (2003)

ABSTRACT A novel H 2 optimal control performance assessment and benchmarking problem is considered for discrete‐time state‐space multivariable systems, where the structure of the controller is assumed to be fixed apriori. The controller structure may be specified to be of PID, reduced order, or lead/lag forms. The theoretical problem considered is to represent the state‐space model in discrete polynomial matrix form and to then obtain the causal, stabilising, controller, of a prespecified form, that minimises an H 2 criterion. This then provides the performance measure against which other controllers can be judged. The underlying practical problem of importance is to obtain a simple method of performance assessment and benchmarking low order controllers. The main theoretical step is to derive a simpler cost‐minimization problem whose solution can provide both the full order and restricted structure (PID) optimal benchmark cost values. This problem involves the introduction of spectral factor and diophantine equations and is solved via a Wiener type of cost‐function expansion and simplification. The numerical solution of this problem is straightforward and involves approximating the simplified integral criterion by a fixed number of frequency points. The main benchmarking theorem applies to multivariable systems that may be unstable, non‐minimum phase and non‐square.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on contrast sensitivity and visual evoked potential amplitude in adults with amblyopia (2016)

Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of vision that occurs when the visual cortex receives decorrelated inputs from the two eyes during an early critical period of development. Amblyopic eyes are subject to suppression from the fellow eye, generate weaker visual evoked potentials (VEPs) than fellow eyes and have multiple visual deficits including impairments in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Primate models and human psychophysics indicate that stronger suppression is associated with greater deficits in amblyopic eye contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. We tested whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the visual cortex would modulate VEP amplitude and contrast sensitivity in adults with amblyopia. tDCS can transiently alter cortical excitability and may influence suppressive neural interactions. Twenty-one patients with amblyopia and twenty-seven controls completed separate sessions of anodal (a-), cathodal (c-) and sham (s-) visual cortex tDCS. A-tDCS transiently and significantly increased VEP amplitudes for amblyopic, fellow and control eyes and contrast sensitivity for amblyopic and control eyes. C-tDCS decreased VEP amplitude and contrast sensitivity and s-tDCS had no effect. These results suggest that tDCS can modulate visual cortex responses to information from adult amblyopic eyes and provide a foundation for future clinical studies of tDCS in adults with amblyopia.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Reactions of Aromatic Compounds. Part 49. An Exciplex Chain Mechanism for the 1,4‐Dicyanonaphthalene‐Photosensitised Isomerisation of Hexamethyl‐(Dewar Benzene) (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supporting Trembling Hand Typing Using Optical See-Through Mixed Reality (2017)

A tremor is an involuntary rhythmic shaking movement of the muscles, which reduces the precision of hand and finger movements. It is difficult for individuals with hand tremors to type accurately using small- and high-density targets, such as keyboard. This research proposes an optical see-through mixed reality system that reduces hand tremors so that the individual can type steadily. The system virtually stabilizes the individual’s hand tremors by optically overlapping the trembling hand with a stabilized virtual hand to produce a realistic typing sensation without any tremors. The simulation experiments proved that the system supports trembling hand typing. By comprehensively investigating both the objective (time and error ratios) and the subjective (the sense of ownership, agency, and pertinence) aspects, the system with a virtual:real intensity ratio of 0.75:0.25 was found to be optimal.
Sacral insufficiency fracture after partial sacrectomy. (2014)

A 66-year-old woman presented with severe lower back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large, soft-tissue mass-a chordoma-at the S3-S4 level, eroding most of the S3 vertebral body and extending into S4. The mass extended beyond the involved sacrococcygeal segments and dorsally beyond normal cortical margins of the sacrum and coccyx. The patient underwent a noninstrumented sacrectomy distal to the S2 foramen, lumbar laminectomy L5, S1 and S2, and thecal sac transaction at the S3 nerve roots. At the third postoperative month, she noted onset of extreme pain in her groin and left thigh. MRI showed increased signal on short tau inversion recovery sequences, and T2-weighted images revealed a left sacral ala stress fracture with a vertically oriented fracture line. Over the next 3 months, the patient had a resolution of her pain and, at 2-year follow-up, the patient remained disease-free. Surgeons contemplating performing partial sacrectomies should bear in mind, even with preservation of the S1 body, that the potential for fracture exists as evidenced by our patient. It is our opinion that this patient did not require instrumentation but a more gradual rehabilitation program.
Figure S3 from β-Catenin Activation Promotes Immune Escape and Resistance to Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3&lt;/p&gt;
A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in acute mania (2005)

Increased left-to-right myoinositol ratios in the DLPFC in bipolar patients during acute mania may represent a dysfunction in the phosphoinositide-signaling pathway. Longitudinal studies with larger samples of unmedicated patients assessing pre- and post-treatment times will be required for further clarification of the time course of these abnormalities and the relationship with treatment effects.
Optical performance of laser light source for ArF immersion double patterning lithography tool (2009)

In advanced lithography processes, immersion lithography technology is beginning to be used in volume production at the 45-nm technology node. Beyond that, double-patterning immersion lithography is considered to be one of the promising technologies -meeting the requirements of the next-generation 32-nm technology node. Light source requirements for double patterning lithography tool are high power and high uptime to enhance economic efficiency, as well as extremely stable optical performances for high resolution capabilities. In this paper, the GT62A, Argon Fluoride (ArF) excimer laser light source which meets these requirements is introduced. The GT62A has an emission wavelength of 193-nm, a power output of 90 W and a repetition rate of 6,000 Hz. The dose uniformity of the GT62A was improved for reduction of Critical Dimension (CD) variation and better Critical Dimension Uniformity (CDU). A stable wavelength and a spectrum bandwidth of the GT62A satisfy the requirements of the high resolution lithography tools which need the steady focus stability. In addition, we verified by simulation that the spectrum bandwidth control in the GT62A contributes to Depth of Focus (DOF) enhancement. The new technology for the light source and detailed optical performance data are presented.