gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility of Integrating Elastography Measurements into MRI-Guided Transurethral Ultrasound Therapy (2009)

MRI‐guided transurethral ultrasound therapy is being developed as a minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer. The capability to identify target regions prior to therapy would provide an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic solution to the management of this disease. The objective of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of performing elastography using a transurethral actuator. Shear waves were generated in the prostate by vibrating the transurethral actuator longitudinally and resolving the tissue displacements with a 1.5 Tesla MRI. A piezoelectric actuator was used to vibrate the transurethral device with an amplitude of 32 um at frequencies of 100 and 250 Hz. GRE imaging sequences with displacement encoded along the direction of vibration were acquired transverse and parallel to the rod to visualize the dynamics of wave propagation. Experiments were performed in phantoms (8% gelatin) and in a canine model (n = 5). Vibration was achieved in the MRI without significant loss of SNR in the images. The shear waves produced in the gel were cylindrical in nature, and extended along the length of the rod. Shear wave propagation in the canine prostate gland was observed at 100 and 250 Hz, and shear modulus values agreed with previously published values.
Linkage of a locus for autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia to chromosome 2p markers (1994)

'Pure' autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia (SPG) is a neurodegenerative disease which clinically manifests as spasticity of the lower limbs. Dominantly inherited SPG is known to be clinically heterogenous and has been classified into late-onset and early-onset types, based on the age of onset of symptoms. We tested five autosomal dominant SPG families for genetic linkage and established linkage to chromogene 2p markers (Z(theta) = 3.65) with evidence of genetic locus heterogeneity. Three late-onset SPG families and one early-onset SPG family had high posterior probability of linkage (P > 0.94) to chromosome 2p, while the fifth family (a very early-onset family) was not linked to chromosome 2 and showed high probability of linkage to chromosome 14q. These data provide a basis for a classification of SPG according to chromosome location rather than age of onset of symptoms.
Magnetic telemanipulation device with mass uncertainty: Modeling, simulation and testing (2010)

Recently, magnetic telemanipulation devices have shown a great deal of promise in such areas as semi-conductor manufacturing, wind tunnels, drug delivery, and many more. However, these devices are generally associated with problems caused by payload variation and uncertainties in the parameters of the system which in turn, have limited the development and application of magnetic telemanipulation technology to its full capacity. This paper addresses and deals with these issues by implementation of a precise position control method for a magnetic telemanipulation system with high level of uncertainties in its parameters. The levitation system used in this study is primarily designed for performing remote pick and place operations. The levitated object is a 28 gr microrobot capable of grasping and releasing payloads as heavy as 8 gr. To cope with the uncertainties in the modeling and payload variation, a model reference adaptive feedback linearization (MRAFL) controller is designed and its performance compared with an ordinary feedback linearization (FL) controller. Through experimental results it is shown that the MRAFL controller enables the microrobot to grasp and transport a payload as heavy as 30% of its own weight without a considerable effect on its positioning accuracy. In the presence of the payload, the MRAFL controller resulted in a RMS positioning error of 8 μm} compared with 27.9 μm} of the FL controller. The approach presented in this work is versatile as it leads to the modeling and control of a highly nonlinear system through a modular approach that can be applied to a variety of magnetic levitation and telemanipulation systems.
Spatial pseudo-rigid body model for the analysis of a tubular mechanical metamaterial (2019)

In this paper, a pseudo-rigid body model is proposed for the analysis of a spatial mechanical metamaterial and its application is demonstrated. Using this model, the post-buckling behavior of the mechanical metamaterial can be determined without the need to consider the whole elastic structure, e.g., using finite-element procedures. This is done by analyzing a porous cylindrical mechanical metamaterial using a rigid body mechanism, consisting of rigid squares that are connected at their corners. Stiffness in this model comes from torsion springs placed at the connections between rigid parts. The theory of the model is presented and the results of two versions of this model are compared through experiments. One version describes the metamaterial in the free state, while the other, more extended, version includes clamped boundaries, matching the conditions of the experimental set-up. It is shown that the mechanical behavior of the spatial metamaterial is captured by the models and that the shape of the metamaterial in the deformed state can be obtained from the more extended model.
ITS5 theory manual. (2004)

This document describes the modeling of the physics (and eventually features) in the Integrated TIGER Series (ITS) codes [Franke 04] which is largely pulled from various sources in the open literature (especially [Seltzer 88], [Seltzer 91], [Lorence 89], [Halbleib 92]), although those sources often describe the ETRAN Code from which the physics engine of ITS is derived, not necessarily identical. This is meant to be an evolving document, with more coverage and detail as time goes on. As such, entire sections are still incomplete. Presently, this document covers the continuous-energy ITS codes with more completeness on photon transport (though electron transport will not be completely ignored). In particular, this document does not cover the Multigroup code, MCODES (externally applied electromagnetic fields), or high-energy phenomena (photon pair-production). In this version, equations are largely left to the references though they may be pulled in over time.
Photon-pair generation in a lossy microring resonator. II. Entanglement in the output mixed Gaussian squeezed state (2017)

In this work we examine the entanglement of the output signal-idler squeezed vacuum state in the Heisenberg picture as a function of the coupling and internal propagation loss parameters of a microring resonator. Using the log negativity as a measure of entanglement for a mixed Gaussian state, we examine the competitive effects of the transfer matrix that encodes the classical phenomenological loss, as well as the matrix that that incorporates the coupling and internal propagation losses due to the quantum Langevin noise fields required to preserve the unitarity of the composite system (signal-idler) and environment (noise) structure.
Estadístico de Kullback-Leibler basado en información para muestras censuradas (2000)

En este trabajo se presenta una adaptacion del estadistico construido por
Kullback y Leibler, utilizado como prueba de normalidad basada en la
informacion, para muestras censuradas.
Dual optical microscope for visualization of single transparent nanoparticles (2019)

The paper discusses some peculiarities of the design and development of scientific equipment, particularly mass spectrometers, which provide implementation of high standard scientific and technological analytical testing methods.
Pycnogenol® treatment of acute hemorrhoidal episodes (2009)

We investigated the efficacy of orally and topically applied Pycnogenol for the management of acute hemorrhoidal attacks in a controlled, randomized study with 84 subjects. Within less than 48 h of onset of an acute attack, patients were enrolled and signs and symptoms were scored. This evaluation was repeated after seven days' treatment and again seven days following treatment cessation. The decrease in scores was significantly more pronounced in the Pycnogenol-treated groups than in the control group given placebo (p < 0.05), showing the efficacy of Pycnogenol for relieving signs and symptoms of acute external hemorrhoids. In a group of patients given topical (0.5%) Pycnogenol in addition to oral Pycnogenol the improvement in symptoms set in significantly faster and was more pronounced. The most prominent symptom, hemorrhoidal bleeding, was completely absent in all patients treated with Pycnogenol for seven days and also at the 14 days follow-up. In contrast, bleedings were still observed in the control group during the two weeks follow-up. This study indicates that Pycnogenol, both in oral and in topical form, is effective for controlling this common, disabling health problem. The application of Pycnogenol eases the management of acute hemorrhoidal attacks and help avoid bleedings.
Abstract 3936: Expression of DNA Repair Factor DDB2 predicts chemoresistance in various cancer cell lines (2010)

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA repair enzyme activity may predict sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells. The status of a DNA repair enzyme, such as XPF/ERCC4 or XPD/ERCC2, has been reported to serve as a prognostic indicator as well as an indicator of chemosensitivity. Another such candidate is the protein product of the DDB2 gene, p48, that interacts with the p127 protein to form the UV-damaged DNA binding complex (DDB). DDB2, a DNA repair factor induced by tumor suppressor p53, plays an important role in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-damaged DNA. Mice lacking DDB2 developed spontaneous tumors at a high rate, suggesting a tumor suppression function for DDB2. In this study, we hypothesized that DDB2 expression correlated with sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. To this end, we compared the cytotoxicity levels of DDB2-expressing and non-expressing cell lines upon exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. As a result, downregulation of DDB2 using siRNA restored chemosensitivity. DDB2 may be a molecular marker for prediction of chemosensitivity and a new target molecule for cancer chemotherapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3936.
Semliki Forest virus envelope proteins function as proton channels (1991)

It has been shown that isolated nucleocapsids of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) contract upon low pH exposure (Soederlund et al., 1972). This contraction of the nucleocapsids has been used as an indicator to demonstrate that the spike proteins of SFV can translocate protons into the interior of the virus particle upon low pH (5.8) exposure. Spikeless virus particles obtained after bromelain digestion, which were used as a control, did not translocate protons. This implies that the ectodomain of the spike plays a crucial role for the proton translocation.
Design and Implementation of Active Decoupling Capacitor Circuits for Power Supply Regulation in Digital ICs (2009)

Control of on-chip power supply noise has become a major challenge for continuous scaling of CMOS technology. Conventional passive decoupling capacitors (decaps) exhibit significant area and leakage penalties. To improve the efficiency of power supply regulation, this paper proposes a distributed active decap circuit for use in digital integrated circuits (ICs). The proposed design uses an operational amplifier to boost the performance of conventional decaps. Simulations proved its enhanced decoupling effect in comparison with passive decaps. The proposed active decap also shows advantages in providing additional damping to the on-chip resonant noise. To verify the performance from the proposed circuit, a 0.18-mu m test chip with on-chip noise generators and sensors has been fabricated. Measurements show a 4-11times boost in decap value over conventional passive decaps for frequencies up to 1 GHz with a total area saving of 40%. Local supply noise distribution and decap gating capability were also examined from the test chip.
Regulation of USP7: A High Incidence of E3 Complexes (2017)

Ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation is a critical signalling process in eukaryotic cells. The precise regulation of deubiquitination is an important component of this signalling cascade. Here, we discuss how USP7 (or Herpes-Associated Ubiquitin-Specific Protease, HAUSP), one of the most abundant deubiquitinating enzymes, is regulated by complex formation with regulatory proteins and targets. Full activity of USP7 requires that its C-terminal Ub-like domains fold back onto the catalytic domain, to allow the remodelling of the active site to a catalytically competent state by the very C-terminal peptide. This regulatory mode can be modulated by complex formation with other proteins. USP7 is found in a large number of relatively stable complexes with different possible functions. Complex formation can provide recruitment of a target, bring in an E3 Ub ligase, or modulate the activation of the deubiquitinating enzyme activity. These complexes make up potential cellular "switches", using their (de)ubiquitination ability to switch pathways on or off upon cellular signals. Here, we summarize what is known for USP7 complexes, focussing on the prevalence of E3 Ub ligases and how complex formation can affect Ub switches.
Comparative Efficacies of Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, and Moxifloxacin in Prevention of Bacteremia following Dental Extractions (2006)

We evaluated the efficacies of oral prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin (AMX), clindamycin (CLI), and moxifloxacin (MXF) in the prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions (BDE). Two hundred twenty-one adults who required dental extractions under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control group, an AMX group, a CLI group, and an MXF group (the individuals in the drug treatment groups received 2 g, 600 mg, and 400 mg, respectively, 1 to 2 h before anesthesia induction). Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at the baseline and 30 s, 15 min, and 1 h after the dental extractions. The samples were inoculated into BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and were processed in a BACTEC 9240 instrument. Subculture and the further identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The prevalences of BDE in the control group, AMX group, CLI group, and MXF group were 96, 46, 85, and 57%, respectively, at 30 s; 64, 11, 70, and 24%, respectively, at 15 min; and 20, 4, 22, and 7%, respectively, at 1 h. Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently identified bacteria in all groups (44 to 68%), with the lowest percentage being detected in the AMX group (44%). AMX and MXF prophylaxis showed high efficacies in reducing the prevalence and duration of BDE, but CLI prophylaxis was noneffective. As a consequence, MXF prophylaxis is a promising antibiotic alternative for the prevention of BDE when beta-lactams are not indicated.
Distinct profile of CD34+ cells and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from triple-negative patients with Myelofibrosis reveals potential markers of aggressive disease (2021)

Distinct EV-driven signals from the microenvironment are capable to promote the TN malignant hemopoiesis and their further investigation paves the way toward novel therapeutic approaches for rare MF.
Über enolisierte Derivate der Chlorophyllreihe. 132‐Desmethoxycarbonyl‐173‐desoxy‐132,173‐cyclochlorophyllid a‐enol und eine Methode zur Einführung von Magnesium in porphinoide Ligandsysteme unter milden Bedingungen. (Vorläufige Mitteilung) (1975)

Enol derivatives in the chlorophyll series. 13 2 ‐Desmethoxycarbonyl‐17 3 ‐desoxy‐13 2 ,17 3 ‐cyclochlorophyllide a‐enol and a method for the introduction of magnesium into porphinoid ligands under mild conditions Magnesium transfer from the iodo‐magnesium salt of 3,5‐di‐ t ‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐toluene (BHT) into methyl pheophorbide a is a fast process in methylenechloride/ether solution at ambient temperature. This procedure for the introduction of magnesium into labile chlorin ligands has made possible the preparation of a crystalline 13 2 , 17 3 ‐cyclochlorophyllide a‐enol. Concomitant use of the lithium salt of BHT facilitates the more critical insertion of magnesium into methyl bacteriopheophorbide a. The preparative success of these magnesium transfers depends crucially upon the solvent system used. Under conditions where the complexation of methyl pheophorbide a with iodo‐magnesium‐BHT is essentially complete within 2 minutes at 12° in methylenechloride/ether solution, strong inhibition of the magnesium transfer is observed by cosolvents such as pyridine, dimethylacetamide, dioxan or tetrahydrofuran.
Carrier Aggregation Between Operators in Next Generation Cellular Networks: A Stable Roommate Market (2015)

This paper studies carrier aggregation between multiple mobile network operators (MNOs), referred to as interoperator carrier aggregation (IO-CA). In IO-CA, each MNO can transmit on its own licensed spectrum and aggregate the spectrum licensed to other MNOs. We focus on the case that MNOs are partitioned and distributed into small groups, called IO-CA pairs, each of which consists of two MNOs that mutually agree to share their spectrum with each other. We model the IO-CA pairing problem between MNOs as a stable roommate market and derive a condition for which a stable matching structure among all MNOs exist. We propose an algorithm that achieves a stable matching if it exists. Otherwise, the algorithm results in a stable partition. For each IO-CA pair, we derive the optimal transmit power for each spectrum aggregator and establish a Stackelberg game model to analyze the interaction between the licensed subscribers and aggregators in the spectrum of each MNO. We derive the Stackelberg equilibrium of our proposed game and then develop a joint optimization algorithm that achieves the stable matching structure among MNOs as well as the optimal transmit powers for the aggregators and prices for the subscribers of each MNO.
Galactoglucomannan Derivatives and Their Application in Papermaking (2013)

Native galactoglucomannans (GGMs), which were isolated from thermomechanical pulping waters of Norway spruce, were modified through cationization, carboxymethylation, and imination at the reducing end with a primary long-chain hydrocarbon amine. The derivatives were tested for their papermaking properties. The native GGMs increased the wet tensile strength as a result of the dispersion of fibrils in the wet fibre web. In wood-containing paper, GGMs increased the retention of fines and extractives without a decrease in paper strength. The GGMs also flocculated fillers effectively. The cationic GGMs were able to interact between fibrous fine material and fibres, as well as with fillers. Therefore, an electrostatic mechanism of action is suggested. Carboxymethylated GGMs are believed to bind to fibres and fines through divalent metal ions present in wood. For the amphiphilic amine-modified GGMs, the alkane chain attached to the reducing end appeared to play a key role. The tail was orientated towards the hydrophobic particles; the resulting paper was the most hydrophilic, since the hydrophobic particles were covered with the polysaccharide. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that galactoglucomannans can be modified to yield new and interesting functionalities to wet-end additives for papermaking and other purposes.
Colloidal Stability of Graphene-Based Amphiphilic Janus Nanosheet Fluid (2017)

Colloidal behavior is fundamental for many applications. Methods for evaluating the stability of chemically homogeneous nanoparticles have been developed well. However, little attention has been paid to that of amphiphilic Janus nanomaterials that have recently emerged. In polar solvents, the significant influence of hydrophobic interaction complicated the evaluation of stability because of the lack of generally accepted theoretical energy potential for the interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the colloidal stability of graphene-based amphiphilic Janus nanosheets at different salt concentrations and temperatures by developing a theoretical model with an understanding of the chemical and physical properties of the fluid. The model predictions were in good agreement with experimental stability evaluations. This study could also serve as a foundation for understanding the behavior of other amphiphilic Janus nanomaterials, achieving complex structures, and stabilizing the amphiphilic Janus nanomaterials for applications in unfriendly environments, e.g., at high salinities or temperatures.
Static analysis and compiler design for idempotent processing (2012)

Recovery functionality has many applications in computing systems, from speculation recovery in modern microprocessors to fault recovery in high-reliability systems. Modern systems commonly recover using checkpoints. However, checkpoints introduce overheads, add complexity, and often save more state than necessary. This paper develops a novel compiler technique to recover program state without the overheads of explicit checkpoints. The technique breaks programs into idempotent regions ---regions that can be freely re-executed---which allows recovery without checkpointed state. Leveraging the property of idempotence, recovery can be obtained by simple re-execution. We develop static analysis techniques to construct these regions and demonstrate low overheads and large region sizes for an LLVM-based implementation. Across a set of diverse benchmark suites, we construct idempotent regions close in size to those that could be obtained with perfect runtime information. Although the resulting code runs more slowly, typical performance overheads are in the range of just 2-12%. The paradigm of executing entire programs as a series of idempotent regions we call idempotent processing , and it has many applications in computer systems. As a concrete example, we demonstrate it applied to the problem of compiler-automated hardware fault recovery. In comparison to two other state-of-the-art techniques, redundant execution and checkpoint-logging, our idempotent processing technique outperforms both by over 15%.
Virus-induced gene silencing unravels multiple transcription factors involved in floral growth and development in Phalaenopsis orchids (2013)

Orchidaceae, one of the largest angiosperm families, has significant commercial value. Isolation of genes involved in orchid floral development and morphogenesis, scent production, and colouration will advance knowledge of orchid flower formation and facilitate breeding new varieties to increase the commercial value. With high-throughput virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), this study identified five transcription factors involved in various aspects of flower morphogenesis in the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris. These genes are PeMADS1, PeMADS7, PeHB, PebHLH, and PeZIP. Silencing PeMADS1 and PebHLH resulted in reduced flower size together with a pelaloid column containing petal-like epidermal cells and alterations of epidermal cell arrangement in lip lateral lobes, respectively. Silencing PeMADS7, PeHB, and PeZIP alone resulted in abortion of the first three fully developed flower buds of an inflorescence, which indicates the roles of the genes in late flower development. Furthermore, double silencing PeMADS1 and PeMADS6, C- and B-class MADS-box genes, respectively, produced a combinatorial phenotype with two genes cloned in separate vectors. Both PeMADS1 and PeMADS6 are required to ensure the normal development of the lip and column as well as the cuticle formation on the floral epidermal cell surface. Thus, VIGS allows for unravelling the interaction between two classes of MADS transcription factors for dictating orchid floral morphogenesis.