gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative spatial magnetization distribution in iron oxide nanocubes and nanospheres by polarized small-angle neutron scattering (2012)

By means of polarized small-angle neutron scattering, we have resolved the long-standing challenge of determining the magnetization distribution in magnetic nanoparticles in absolute units. The reduced magnetization, localized in non-interacting nanoparticles, indicates strongly particle shapedependent surface spin canting with a 0.3(1) and 0.5(1) nm thick surface shell of reduced magnetization found for ∼9 nm nanospheres and ∼8.5nm nanocubes, respectively. Further, the reduced macroscopic magnetization in nanoparticles results not only from surface spin canting, but also from drastically reduced magnetization inside the uniformly magnetized core as compared to the bulk material. Our microscopic results explain the low macroscopic magnetization commonly found in nanoparticles. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Beyond the Top (1995)

The emphasis of the physicists working at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has shifted from finding the top quark to revealing the true identify of this particle - reconstructing and pinpointing sites mass, lifestyle and lifetime from the scattered remains. The effort, discussed in this article, is aimed at exposing cracks in the standard model of particle physics with the top quark as the gateway to new physics. 5 figs.
Cell-Specific Activation and Detoxification of Benzene Metabolites in Mouse and Human Bone Marrow: Identification of Target Cells and a Potential Role for Modulation of Apoptosis in Benzene Toxicity (1996)

David Ross, David Siegel, Diane G. Schattenberg, Xiaoming M. Sun, Julie L. Moran, Cell-Specific Activation and Detoxification of Benzene Metabolites in Mouse and Human Bone Marrow: Identification of Target Cells and a Potential Role for Modulation of Apoptosis in Benzene Toxicity, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 104, Supplement 6: Benzene Toxicity, Carcinogenesis, and Epidemiology (Dec., 1996), pp. 1177-1182
Early detection of apnea-bradycardia episodes in preterm infants based on coupled hidden Markov model (2013)

The incidence of apnea-bradycardia episodes in preterm infants may lead to neurological disorders. Prediction and detection of these episodes are an important task in healthcare systems. In this paper, a coupled hidden Markov model (CHMM) based method is applied to detect apnea-bradycardia episodes. This model is evaluated and compared with two other methods based on hidden Markov model (HMM) and hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). Evaluation and comparison are performed on a dataset of 233 apnea-bradycardia episodes which have been manually annotated. Observations are composed of RR-interval time series and QRS duration time series. The performance of each method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and time detection delay. Results show that CHMM has the sensitivity of 84.92%, specificity of 94.17% and time detection delay of 2.32±4.82 seconds, which are better than the reference methods.
用女儿车钥匙,竟成“偷车贼”！ (2007)

查理·凡森特是美国俄亥俄州雅典市的一名大学生,日前他向警方报案说他的汽车被偷了。然而,结果令他非常惊讶,竟然是一名女子误将他的车当作她女儿的车开走了,而且,使用的还是她女儿的车钥匙。
Frequency Response Evaluation of Multiple Accelerometers Using a Modal Data Acquisition System (1988)

Abstract : This report describes a technique to get complete frequency response calibrations of 15 accelerometer channels at a time. The accelerometers were mounted to a rigid circular plate attached to a shaker excited by random noise. A digital pulse code modulation data acquisition system acquired and stored the 15 responses. Using the time multiplexed, digital responses, each transducer frequency response was computed by deriving transfer functions between the 15 unknown transducers and a DC responding reference accelerometer. Before using this multiple accelerometer calibration technique, several single channel laboratory calibrations were performed using four methods. The multiple accelerometer technique was tested in the laboratory and on a F-16 wing ground vibration test. A total of 37 accelerometers were evaluated over a range of 0 to 100 Hz. Exciting multiple accelerometers ensures calibration of each transducer at the same temperature, humidity, and force input levels. The technique provides a quick, automated, end-to-end frequency response calibration. Sensitivities versus frequency are close to those obtained using single accelerometer calibration techniques.
The Problem after Lung Transplantation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Is not the Right Ventricle - Awake ECMO for LV Remodelling (2012)

Background: Bilateral lung transplantation (LTx) for idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH) is an established treatment, but weaning off the respirator following surgery is more demanding as compared with LTx for other indications. This is widely attributed to a PAH-associated problem, impaired right heart function. We hypothesize that this assumption is wrong, but instead, impaired left heart function causes the problem and suggest an effective weaning strategy. Methods: A novel surgical and intensive care approach was routinely assigned to all LTx for PAH (n=15) performed since 2010. Minimally invasive bilateral sequential lung transplantation was performed via anterolateral thoracotomies on extracorporeal circulation executed as veno-arterial ECMO. ECMO was left in place and maintained with 3-4 l/min flow after surgery. Early extubation on the first or second day after transplantation was achieved, but ECMO was not removed before postoperative day 6-10 routinely. Results: The patients in this cohort had severely reduced CI of 1.5-2 l/min/m2 before transplant. Early after transplant, left atrial pressures(LAP) were low and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) satisfactorily under full ECMO support. Upon reduction of ECMO flow, LAP increased and LVEF decreased. Five - 10 days later, LAP and LVEF remained stable upon reduction of ECMO flow, thus, ECMO was removed. All patients survived and were eventually discharged from hospital. Conclusion: Continuous v.-a. ECMO in spontaneously breathing patients enables LV-remodelling after LTx for IPAH. This strategy safes donor hearts and leads to superior early survival in this LTx recipient subgroup.
<title>Large field-of-view KD<formula><sup><roman>*</roman></sup></formula>P modulator</title> (1990)

This paper describes how FOV errors have affected the polarization measurements of the NASA Marshall vector magnetograph and how a polarimeter has been modified to minimize these errors. The design of a large-FOV (LFOV) KD*P modulator is discussed. The Poincare sphere is used to visualize the function of the different optical elements that make up the LFOV modulator.
An Enhanced ELISPOT Assay for Sensitive Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi (2013)

Lyme Borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi that is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. Both B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell immunity develop during natural Borrelia infection. However, compared with humoral immunity, the T cell response to Borrelia infection has not been well elucidated. In this study, a novel T cell-based assay was developed and validated for the sensitive detection of antigen-specific T cell response to B. burgdorferi. Using interferon-g as a biomarker, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunospot method (iSpot Lyme™) to detect Borrelia antigen-specific effector/memory T cells that were activated in vivo by exposing them to recombinant Borrelia antigens ex vivo. To test this new method as a potential laboratory diagnostic tool, we performed a clinical study with a cohort of Borrelia positive patients and healthy controls. We demonstrated that the iSpot Lyme assay has a significantly higher specificity and sensitivity compared with the Western Blot assay that is currently used as a diagnostic measure. A comprehensive evaluation of the T cell response to Borrelia infection should, therefore, provide new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of Lyme disease.
Standby Implanted Defibrillators (1971)

To the Editor. —Mirowski et al and our own group have published almost simultaneously on the concept of automatic ventricular defibrillation. 1, 2 While the reports of these two independent studies indicate a remarkable area of agreement concerning general design philosophy and the possible role of such systems in preventing death from ventricular fibrillation, the studies do differ in several significant aspects. Since, in a sense, these differences reflect the problem areas which must be considered as systems are developed further for possible clinical application, it is of interest to consider them at this time. First, Mirowski proposes a catheter arrangement for applying the defibrillatory pulse to the interior of the right ventricle, while we have utilized electrodes implanted between the pectoralis major muscle and the rib cage. Second, Mirowski detects fibrillation by means of a pressure transducer catheter in the right ventricle, while our system makes use of
A molecular dynamics study of the effect of thermal boundary conductance on thermal transport of ideal crystal of n-alkanes with different number of carbon atoms (2016)

Phase change materials such as n-alkanes that exhibit desirable characteristics such as high latent heat, chemical stability, and negligible supercooling are widely used in thermal energy storage applications. However, n-alkanes have the drawback of low thermal conductivity values. The low thermal conductivity of n-alkanes is linked to formation of randomly oriented nano-domains of molecules in their solid structure that is responsible for excessive phonon scattering at the grain boundaries. Thus, understanding the thermal boundary conductance at the grain boundaries can be crucial for improving the effectiveness of thermal storage systems. The concept of the ideal crystal is proposed in this paper, which describes a simplified model such that all the nano-domains of long-chain n-alkanes are artificially aligned perfectly in one direction. In order to study thermal transport of the ideal crystal of long-chain n-alkanes, four (4) systems (C20H42, C24H50, C26H54, and C30H62) are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulations. Thermal boundary conductance between the layers of ideal crystals is determined using both non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) and equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations. Both NEMD and EMD simulations exhibit no significant change in thermal conductance with the molecular length. However, the values obtained from the EMD simulations are less than the values from NEMD simulations with the ratio being nearly three (3) in most cases. This difference is due to the nature of EMD simulations where all the phonons are assumed to be in equilibrium at the interface. Thermal conductivity of the n-alkanes in three structures including liquid, solid, and ideal crystal is investigated utilizing NEMD simulations. Our results exhibit a very slight rise in thermal conductivity values as the number of carbon atoms of the chain increases. The key understanding is that thermal transport can be significantly altered by how the molecules and the nano-domains are oriented in the structure rather than by the length of the n-alkane molecules.
Meningioma 1 Is Required for Appropriate Osteoblast Proliferation, Motility, Differentiation, and Function (2009)

The vitamin D endocrine system is essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis and skeletal mineralization. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) hormone binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to regulate gene expression. These gene products in turn mediate the actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in mineral-regulating target cells such as the osteoblast. We showed previously that meningioma 1 (MN1) is a novel target of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in MG-63 osteoblastic cells and that it is a coactivator for VDR-mediated transcription (Sutton, A. L., Zhang, X., Ellison, T. I., and MacDonald, P. N. (2005) Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 2234-2244). However, the functional significance of MN1 in osteoblastic cell biology is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MN1 expression is increased dramatically during differentiation of primary osteoblastic cells. Using calvarial osteoblasts derived from wild-type and MN1 knock-out mice, we provide data supporting an essential role of MN1 in maintaining appropriate osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and function. MN1 knock-out osteoblasts displayed altered morphology, decreased growth rate, impaired motility, and attenuated 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)/VDR-mediated transcription as well as reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. MN1 null osteoblasts were also impaired in supporting osteoclastogenesis in co-culture studies presumably because of marked reduction in the RANKL:OPG ratio in the MN1 null cells. Mechanistic studies supported a transcriptional role for MN1 in controlling RANKL gene expression through activation of the RANKL promoter. Cumulatively, these studies indicate an important role for MN1 in maintaining the appropriate maturation and function of calvarial osteoblasts.
49.3: Oxide TFT Scan Driver with Dynamic Threshold Voltage Control (2011)

Abstract Oxide TFTs have a negative threshold voltage (V th ), which can become even more negative in response to DC or AC stress. Therefore, these voltage stresses can cause severe leakage current in a scan driver. In this paper, a scan driver with dynamic threshold voltage control (DTVC) is proposed to minimize the leakage current and enlarge operating margin. Effectiveness of DTVC was verified with a 14‐inch AMOLED.
Nexus Materials: A Vision Just Beyond the Horizon (2006)

In future applications, materials will need to extend beyond that of the bulk response or even simple engineered behavior. This paper attempts to articulate an integrated vision and even push it further to the next realm of materials defined here as Nexus materials, the synergistic connection that weaves it all together. The applications in mind will demand complex functionality such as higher order actuation across surfaces/volumes, distributed conformal sensing, and full-spectrum instantaneous color change. Looking beyond the horizon, the level of complexity needs to be raised to radical state change (not just by a few percent) where the material properties can be grossly changed on command by electrical, magnetic, thermal, optical or chemical control stimuli. While it is desirable to have multiple states, the materials should be situationally functional with the ability to change key properties over time to economically accommodate changing situations- in contrast to current multifunctional materials that are time invariant. The research in nanomaterials holds the promise that one day it will be possible to design and build up materials from the bottom up into ultrahierachial systems like nature. It may be possible to achieve truly intrinsic intelligence with control and supporting elements such as power onsite via energy harvesting. However, the level of integration has to evolve beyond the discrete laminated structures of the 1990's and the discretely integrated composites of the 2000's to continuously integrated materials where the phases are indistinguishable. This doesn't mean no interfaces, but does implies minimizing the parasitic interfaces (typically extrinsic) and maximizing the helpful symbiotic interfaces (typically intrinsic). To achieve this vision, a new wholistic approach will be required that synergistically uses the design space, coupling multiple fields (piezoelectric, magnetostriction, shape memory, etc.). This alternative engineering paradigm will hopefully lead to new classes of material systems - Nexus materials - that make the ultimate, synergistic connection between the past and the future and are just beyond the horizon.
Supply Noise and Impedance of On-Chip Power Distribution Networks in ICs With Nonuniform Power Consumption and Interblock Decoupling Capacitors (2014)

An RLC model for on-chip power distribution networks (PDN) is presented for array and wire-bonded integrated circuits including interblock decoupling capacitors and C4 impedances. From the model, the supply noise produced by switching blocks as well as the impedance to ac ground as seen from any point of the circuit are calculated as a function of frequency and PDN parameters. The proposed method to perform such calculation allows optimizing relevant PDN design parameters, such as number, size, and location of supply/ground pads and location of interblock decoupling capacitors, and width and pitch of metal tracks. The PDN model and impedance calculations are validated by comparing their results with SPICE simulations, giving a maximum error of less than 1%.
Endoscopic tactile instrument for remote tissue palpation in colonoscopic procedures (2017)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant medical threat and it represents in Europe the second and third most common cancer for women and men, respectively. Early detection of CRC is a key-aspect to improve survival rate. Specifically, the survival rate at five years decreases with the pathological progress of the cancer, up to 11% in case of cancer stage IV. Common diagnostic techniques for the detection of cancerous tissue in CRC screening have a miss rate in the order of 14% to 32%, thus resulting as not reliable and accurate solutions for screening. In this paper, we present the design and preliminary results of an innovative force-sensing instrument for remote palpation of the inner colonic wall. The instrument is equipped with three optical fibres having each one a fibre Bragg grating sensor with a dimension compatible with standard colonoscope operating channels.
4,5-Diaryloxazole inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (1999)

A series of methysulfonyl or sulfonamido substituted 4,5-diaryloxazole were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the inducible form of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in vitro and in vivo. Several unique substitution patterns were identified that led to potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2. In general, 2-trifluoromethly-4,5-diaryloxazoles substituted with a methylsulfonyl or sulfonamido group were particularly potent inhibitors. One of the more potent compounds with a selectivity for COX-2 of about 800 fold was 4b (SC-299). SC-299, a highly fluorescent molecule, may be useful for spectroscopic studies on preferential inhibitor binding to COX-2.
Blood Management in Two-Stage Revision Knee Arthroplasty for Deep Prosthetic Infection (1999)

Treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty requires aggressive management to treat the infection and restore joint function. For patients with infected knee arthroplasties, a two-stage procedure is used that involves resection of the joint and placement of an antibiotic impregnated cement spacer followed by implantation of a new prosthetic 6 weeks later. Patients undergoing the two-stage procedure typically endure high allogeneic blood transfusion rates (82% to 88%) and progressive anemia because the two surgeries are spaced closely and because the infection precludes the use of alternatives to allogeneic blood. Records were reviewed of 75 patients who underwent two-stage total knee arthroplasty to characterize perioperative hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion needs in this patient group. Although transfusions were administered only when warranted by clinical symptoms and were not based on predetermined hematologic values, 62 (82%) patients received a mean of 2.3 units of blood at first-stage surgery, and 60 (80%) patients received a mean of 2.1 units of blood at the second stage. Overall, only 12% of patients did not have allogeneic blood transfusion. At the first stage before resection, mean hemoglobin concentration was 11.6 g/dL and reached a mean nadir of 8.6 g/dL 3 days after surgery. At the second stage before reimplantation, hemoglobin concentration averaged 11.1 g/dL and reached a mean nadir of 8.2 g/dL 3 days after surgery. After the first stage, allogeneic blood transfusion failed to improve postoperative hemoglobin levels enough to prevent transfusions associated with the second-stage. Patients undergoing two-stage total knee arthroplasty have anemia, and a substantial proportion of these patients require allogeneic blood transfusion at both stages. Thus, novel blood management practices are required to improve hemoglobin levels and reduce allogeneic transfusion rates in this patient population.
Metabolic Syndrome, Aging and Involvement of Oxidative Stress (2015)

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance, is dramatically increasing in Western and developing countries. This disorder consists of a cluster of metabolic conditions, such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteins, hypo-high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertension, that-in combination with genetic susceptibility and abdominal obesity-are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal, liver and heart diseases. One of the defects in metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases is excess of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondria, or from other sites within or outside the cell, cause damage to mitochondrial components and initiate degradative processes. Such toxic reactions contribute significantly to the aging process. In this article we review current understandings of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome related disease and its possible contribution to accelerated senescence.
Stop the Chase (2009)

The chase procedure, an algorithm proposed 25+ years ago to fix constraint violations in database instances, has been successfully applied in a variety of contexts, such as query optimization, data exchange, and data integration. Its practicability, however, is limited by the fact that - for an arbitrary set of constraints - it might not terminate; even worse, chase termination is an undecidable problem in general. In response, the database community has proposed sufficient restrictions on top of the constraints that guarantee chase termination on any database instance. In this paper, we propose a novel sufficient termination condition, called inductive restriction, which strictly generalizes previous conditions, but can be checked as efficiently. Furthermore, we motivate and study the problem of data-dependent chase termination and, as a key result, present sufficient termination conditions w.r.t. fixed instances. They are strictly more general than inductive restriction and might guarantee termination although the chase does not terminate in the general case.
Real-time local displacement using dynamic GPU memory management (2013)

We propose a novel method for local displacement events in large scenes, such as scratches, footsteps, or sculpting operations. Deformations are stored as displacements for vertices generated by hardware tessellation. Adaptive mesh refinement, application of the displacement and all involved memory management happen completely on the GPU. We show various extensions to our approach, such as on-the-fly normal computation and multi-resolution editing. In typical game scenes we perform local deformations at arbitrary positions in far less than one millisecond. This makes the method particularly suited for games and interactive sculpting applications.
Reversible capping/uncapping of phosphorous-centered Keggin-type polyoxoniobate clusters (2014)

Caps in α-Keggin-type polyoxometalates [PM2Nb12O40](9-) (M: Nb[double bond, length as m-dash]O or V[double bond, length as m-dash]O) can be removed in basic condition to produce uncapped [PNb12O40](15-). Transmetalation or capping occurs from the reaction of [PNb14O42](9-) or [PNb12O40](15-) with either Sb2O3 or V2O5 to form [PSb2Nb12O40](9-) or [PV2Nb12O42](9-), respectively.