gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rare Earth Elements and Calcium upon High Temperature Oxidation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Containing High Silicon (1977)

Recently, austenitic stainless steels containing high Si are considered as material to be used for automobile exhaust-emission-control systems. A study has been made of the effects of rare earth elements and Ca upon the oxidation behavior of 19%Cr-13%Ni-3%Si-Fe system steel in air in the temperature range from 1000 to 1200°C.The addition of suitable amount of rare earth elements improved markedly the scaling resistance and the spalling resistance up to 1100°C, but did not improve the scaling resistance at 1200°C. On the contrary, the addition of Ca improved remarkably the scaling resistance up to 1200°C and spalling resistance at 1000°C, but did not improve the spalling resistance at 1100°C so much. The complex addition of suitable amount of rare earth elements and Ca was very effective for both the scaling resistance and the spalling resistance up to high temperature.
Efficient Palladium-Catalysed Enamide Synthesis from Enol Triflates and Enol Tosylates (2005)

Catalysts generated from Pd2(dba)3 and biphenyl ligands 4 and 7 efficiently promote the coupling of amides and carbamates with unactivated vinyl triflates and tosylates, to provide enamides in good to excellent yields.
Saturated excitation of fluorescence to quantify excitation enhancement in aperture antennas (2012)

Fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used to probe the electromagnetic intensity amplification on optical antennas, yet measuring the excitation intensity amplification is a challenge, as the detected fluorescence signal is an intricate combination of excitation and emission. Here, we describe a novel approach to quantify the electromagnetic amplification in aperture antennas by taking advantage of the intrinsic non linear properties of the fluorescence process. Experimental measurements of the fundamental f and second harmonic 2f amplitudes of the fluorescence signal upon excitation modulation are used to quantify the electromagnetic intensity amplification with plasmonic aperture antennas.
über Peptidsynthesen, XLI Synthese von Antamanid mit der Merrifield‐Technik (1969)

Abstract Unter Verwendung von Boc‐Aminosäuren gelingt am Polystyrolharz in Methylenchlorid als Lösungsmittel unter Kupplung mit DCC die Synthese des Decapeptids Phe‐(Pro) 2 ‐(Phe) 2 ‐Val(Pro) 2 ‐Ala‐Phe ( 2 ,) mit einer Rohausbeute von 98% Das genau analysierte, zu mehr als 90% reine Produkt läßt sich mit Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid/ N ‐Hydroxy‐succinimid (DCC/HOSu) in ca. 30 proz. Ausbeute zu Antamanid cyclisieren.
Towards General Network Architecture Design Criteria for Negative Gas Adsorption Transitions in Ultraporous Frameworks (2019)

&lt;p&gt;Critical design criteria for negative gas adsorption (NGA), a counterintuitive feature of pressure amplifying materials, hitherto uniquely observed in a highly porous framework compound (DUT-49), are derived by analysing the physical effects of micromechanics, pore size, interpenetration, adsorption enthalpies, and the pore filling mechanism using advanced in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and calorimetric techniques parallelized to adsorption for a series of six isoreticular networks. Aided by computational modelling, we identify DUT-50 as a new pressure amplifying material featuring distinct NGA transitions upon methane and argon adsorption. In situ neutron diffraction analysis of the methane (CD4) adsorption sites at 111 K supported by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations reveals a sudden population of the largest mesopore to be the critical filling step initiating structural contraction and NGA. In contrast, interpenetration leads to framework stiffening and specific pore volume reduction, both factors effectively suppressing NGA transitions.&lt;/p&gt;
Association of Maternal Psychological Distress and Use of Childcare Facilities with Children's Behavior Problems: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (2022)

Abstract Background Childcare facilities have been reported as a factor in lowering the association of postnatal psychiatric symptoms with children's behavior problems; however, no studies have considered prenatal psychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to examine whether the use of childcare facilities moderates the association of maternal psychological distress in the prenatal and postnatal periods with behavior problems in children. Methods The present study was based on the data from 23,130 mother-child pairs participating in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. We used the K6 to assess and divide maternal psychological distress in early pregnancy and two years postpartum into four categories: none in both prenatal and postnatal periods (none), only the prenatal period (prenatal only); only the postnatal period (postnatal only); both prenatal and postnatal periods (both). The children's behavior problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5 (CBCL) at four years of age. The clinical range of the externalizing, internalizing, and total problem scales of the CBCL was defined as having behavior problems. To examine whether the use of childcare facilities moderates the association between maternal psychological distress and children's behavior problems, we conducted a stratified analysis based on the use of childcare facilities or not at two years old. In addition, the interaction term between maternal psychological distress and the use of childcare facilities was included as a covariate in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to confirm the p-value for interaction. Results The prevalence of the clinical ranges of externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and clinical range of total problems were 13.7%, 15.4%, and 5.8%, respectively. The association of maternal psychological distress with a high risk of children's behavior problems was significant, except a significant association was not identified between prenatal only psychological distress and externalizing problems in the group that did not use childcare facilities. In addition, interactions between the use of childcare facilities and maternal psychological distress on behavioral problems in children were not significant. Conclusions The use of childcare facilities did not moderate the association of maternal psychological distress in prenatal and postnatal periods with behavior problems in children.
H3K27me3-rich genomic regions can function as silencers to repress gene expression via chromatin interactions (2019)

Abstract Gene repression and silencers are poorly understood. We reasoned that H3K27me3-rich regions (MRRs) of the genome defined from clusters of H3K27me3 peaks may be used to identify silencers that can regulate gene expression via proximity or looping. MRRs were associated with chromatin interactions and interact preferentially with each other. MRR component removal at interaction anchors by CRISPR led to upregulation of interacting target genes, altered H3K27me3 and H3K27ac levels at interacting regions, and altered chromatin interactions. Chromatin interactions did not change at regions with high H3K27me3, but regions with low H3K27me3 and high H3K27ac levels showed changes in chromatin interactions. The MRR knockout cells also showed changes in phenotype associated with cell identity, and altered xenograft tumor growth. MRR-associated genes and long-range chromatin interactions were susceptible to H3K27me3 depletion. Our results characterized H3K27me3-rich regions and their mechanisms of functioning via looping.
Childhood Acute Bacterial Meningitis in the Suda: An Epidemiological, Clinical and Laboratory Study (1989)

The aims of the present study were to document the epidemiology, clinical features and complications of childhood acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in The Sudan during both an inter-epidemic (endemic) period (1985-1986), and the 1988 serogroup A epidemic; and to examine the phenotypic and genetic similarities and differences of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in The Sudan and Sweden. A new enzyme immunoassay test (Pharmacia Meningitis EIA-Test) was evaluated as a potential rapid diagnostic method for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) type b, Neisseria meningitidis (MC) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNC). The test was found to have good sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.95) in the inter-epidemic period; and to be adaptable to the field work in The Sudan during the 1988 MC epidemic. During inter-epidemic (endemic) situations in The Sudan, greater than 90% of childhood ABM was caused by one of the three organisms, HI type b, MC and PNC. HI accounted for 57% of the cases. The peak incidence (76%) of HI cases was in infants (less than 12 months) similar to the situation in other African countries. The overall case fatality ratio was 18.6%. Prospective follow-up of survivors for 3-4 years revealed that an additional 43% either died or had permanent neurological complications, the most prevalent and persistent of which was sensorineural hearing loss recorded in 22% of long term survivors. Post-meningitic children were found to have significantly lower intelligence quotients (92.3 +/- 13.9) than their sibling controls (100.7 +/- 10.2, P = 0.029). Features of the large serogroup A sulphonamide resistant MC epidemic (February-August 1988) in Khartoum are described. An estimated annual incidence of 1,679/100,000 was recorded at the peak of the epidemic. The highest attack rate was in young children less than 5 years, as in many other African countries; nevertheless, a high morbidity was observed in adults (31% of the cases greater than or equal to 20 years). The clinical features, mortality (6.3%) and short term sequelae in Sudanese children were generally within the framework described for MC disease elsewhere. Detailed analysis of MC isolates from Sudan and Sweden by characterizing their electrophoretic enzyme types, DNA restriction endonuclease pattern and outer membrane proteins, revealed that serogroup A MC clone III-1 was responsible of The Sudan epidemic in 1988 and has been the dominant serogroup A organism in Sweden since 1973. The Sudanese strains isolated prior to the epidemic (1985) were clone IV-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fibronectin and stem cell differentiation – lessons from chondrogenesis (2012)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network of proteins that surrounds cells and has a central role in establishing an environment that is conducive to tissue-specific cell functions. In the case of stem cells, this environment is the stem cell niche, where ECM signals participate in cell fate decisions. In this Commentary, we describe how changes in ECM composition and mechanical properties can affect cell shape and stem cell differentiation. Using chondrogenic differentiation as a model, we examine the changes in the ECM that occur before and during mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. In particular, we focus on the main ECM protein fibronectin, its temporal expression pattern during chondrogenic differentiation, its potential effects on functions of differentiating chondrocytes, and how its interactions with other ECM components might affect cartilage development. Finally, we discuss data that support the possibility that the fibronectin matrix has an instructive role in directing cells through the condensation, proliferation and/or differentiation stages of cartilage formation.
Controlling for Confounders in Multimodal Emotion Classification via Adversarial Learning (2019)

Various psychological factors affect how individuals express emotions. Yet, when we collect data intended for use in building emotion recognition systems, we often try to do so by creating paradigms that are designed just with a focus on eliciting emotional behavior. Algorithms trained with these types of data are unlikely to function outside of controlled environments because our emotions naturally change as a function of these other factors. In this work, we study how the multimodal expressions of emotion change when an individual is under varying levels of stress. We hypothesize that stress produces modulations that can hide the true underlying emotions of individuals and that we can make emotion recognition algorithms more generalizable by controlling for variations in stress. To this end, we use adversarial networks to decorrelate stress modulations from emotion representations. We study how stress alters acoustic and lexical emotional predictions, paying special attention to how modulations due to stress affect the transferability of learned emotion recognition models across domains. Our results show that stress is indeed encoded in trained emotion classifiers and that this encoding varies across levels of emotions and across the lexical and acoustic modalities. Our results also show that emotion recognition models that control for stress during training have better generalizability when applied to new domains, compared to models that do not control for stress during training. We conclude that is is necessary to consider the effect of extraneous psychological factors when building and testing emotion recognition models.
Early Remodeling of Perinuclear Ca 2+ Stores and Nucleoplasmic Ca 2+ Signaling During the Development of Hypertrophy and Heart Failure (2014)

During cardiac remodeling, early changes of cardiomyocyte nuclei cause altered nuclear Ca(2+) signaling implicated in hypertrophic gene program activation. Normalization of nuclear Ca(2+) regulation may therefore be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling.
Cat (Fel dI), dog (Can fI), and cockroach allergens in homes of asthmatic children from three climatic zones in Sweden (1994)

We have investigated the levels of cat (Fel d I), dog (Can f I), and cockroach (Per a I) allergens in dust from bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, and bathrooms from 123 homes of asthmatic children in three zones of Sweden with varying climates. Absolute indoor humidity (AIH), relative humidity (RH), rate of ventilation in air changes per hour (ach), and number of airborne particles were also measured. Fel d I, Can f I, and Per a I allergen contents were determined by mab ELISA, and the levels were related to various environmental factors. The major cat allergen, Fel d I, was detected in all homes, and the concentrations varied between 16 ng and 28,000 ng/g fine dust. The dog allergen, Can f I, was detected in 85% of the homes, and the levels varied from 60 ng to 866,000 ng/g dust. Cockroach allergen was detected in only one home (40 ng/g). Fel d I and Can f I allergens were equally distributed geographically. Dust from living rooms contained significantly higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of both Fel d I and Can f I allergens than dust from bedrooms, kitchens, and bathrooms. The levels tended to be higher in homes with poor ventilation (< 0.5 ach) and in homes with wall-to-wall carpets. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) numbers of airborne particles were found in homes with high humidity (i.e., AIH > or = 7 g/kg or RH > or = 45%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mapping language function with task-based vs. resting-state functional MRI (2020)

We demonstrate several advantages of classifier-based mapping of language representation in the brain. Language T-fMRI activated task-general (i.e., not language-specific) functional systems in addition to areas of Broca and Wernicke. In contrast, classifier-based analysis of RS-fMRI data generated maps confined to language-specific regions of the brain.
Nonlinear, Incremental Analysis of Mass‐Concrete Lock Monolith (1991)

Using the finite element code, ABAQUS, along with user‐developed subroutines and experimentally derived material constants, an incremental construction analysis including thermal loads is performed on a pile‐founded massconcrete lock and dam structure. The modeling, analysis technique, and algorithm involved in performing such an analysis is presented. The computer model is based upon a two‐dimensional, nonlinear incremental analysis that includes the effects of creep, shrinkage, and aging Young's modulus. The presented algorithm is intended to provide a means of assessing a mass‐concrete structures vulnerability to thermal stresses and possible cracking during the construction process. A discussion of the key assumptions and studies that were used in the development of the algorithm are presented. Results from the analyses of a typical lock monolith from the Melvin Price Locks and Dam on the Mississippi River at Alton, Ill. will also be presented to illustrate the usefulness of the algorithm.
Studium generale: voorstel voor een interdisciplinair bachelorvak (2013)

status: Published
Direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry with polyimide-coated wires (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect chemical ionization mass spectrometry with polyimide-coated wiresV. N. Reinhold and Steven A. CarrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 3, 499–503Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00240a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00240a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prescription pattern of anti-Parkinson's disease drugs in Japan based on a nationwide medical claims database (2020)

These results indicate that Japanese clinicians are adhering to Japanese guidelines and tailoring anti-PD treatment to individual patients.
Evaluation of Crassulaceae species on extensive green roofs (2004)

Environmental conditions are often more extreme on a rooftop than at ground level. As such, plants selected for use on green roofs must be able to tolerate higher winds, sun exposure, extreme heat, cold, and drought conditions, and shallow root depths. Water availability is one of the most limiting factors for a green roof. Since extensive green roof systems rely on natural precipitation events, a drought tolerance study was conducted in which 2 Michigan natives plants and 3 species of sedum were compared under greenhouse conditions. The plants were subjected to 5 watering regimes over a period of 4 months. Plant physiological stress was quantified over time by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, which is an early indicator of plant stress. Species were evaluated in this long-term study for life-form habits and characteristics such as propagation success, rate of establishment, ground cover density, competition among species, persistence, tolerance to low winter temperatures and drought resistance. The knowledge gained from these experiments will help in recommending plant species diversity for green roofs based on the selective criteria. Sedum plants sustained photosynthetic activity over a period of 4 months without watering, though biomass was reduced compared to plants that were watered more frequently. These results can be extrapolated to many other succulents, herbaceous forbs, and grasses by considering their photosynthetic processes and life-form habits. Based on greenhouse results, watering recommendations can be determined to the specific design goals of each particular green roof project. 15 refs., 5 figs., 2 appendices.
Less than general production system architectures (1977)

Many of the recent expert rule-based systems [Dendral, Mycin, AM, Pecos] have architectures that differ significantly from the simple domain-independent architectures of pure production systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore, somewhat more systematically than has been done before, the various ways in which the simplicity constraints can be relaxed, and the benefits of doing so. The most significant benefits arise from three sources: (i) the grain size of a typical rule can be increased until it captures a unit of advice which is meaningful in that system's task domain, (ii) the interpreter can become accessible to the rules and thus become dynamically modifiable, and (iii) meaningful permanent Knowledge can be stored in data memories, not just within productions. Although there are costs associated with relaxing the simplicity constraints, for many task domains the benefits outweigh the costs.
Inhibition of a penetration-enhancing factor of Toxoplasma gondii by monoclonal antibodies specific for rhoptries (1986)

The anterior organelles of the coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii have long been suspected of playing a role in the ability of this organism to actively penetrate a wide range of host cells. A series of four monoclonal antibodies (produced by spleen cells from mice immunized with whole, killed T. gondii fused with Sp 2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells) recognized anterior organelles of T. gondii in indirect immunofluorescence assays. These antibodies (Tg 13, Tg 31, Tg 49, and Tg 112) were of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class, had different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers, and partially competed with each other in a solid-phase immunoassay with whole, dried T. gondii as the antigen. It was observed by immunofluorescence that all antibodies detected anterior structures, which under some conditions of fixation and extraction appeared to be multiple rodlike organelles resembling rhoptries. As determined by ultrastructure immunocytology, Tg 49 recognized electron-dense bodies consistent with rhoptries or micronemes in parasites that had been fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and extracted with Triton X-100 to allow antibody penetration. An assay of penetration enhancement, in which conditioned medium (from fibroblast monolayers completely lysed by T. gondii) increased the number of plaques produced by a standard inoculum of T. gondii on fresh monolayers, was inhibited by equal amounts of all four monoclonal antibodies, in degrees closely related to their enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers. These antibodies appeared to link a penetration-enhancing factor with the rhoptries of T. gondii.
Sinusoidal wavelength-scanning interferometric reflectometry (2000)

We propose interferometric reflectometry in which a sinusoidal wavelength-scanning tunable laser diode is used to detect positions and profiles of multiple reflecting surfaces. An objective signal extracted from an interference signal contains modulation amplitude Z and phase alpha, which are related to the positions and profiles, respectively, of multiple reflecting surfaces. By using values of the objective signal at special times, we can produce an image intensity that shows where the reflecting surfaces exist. To obtain exact values of Z or values of alpha, we estimated the objective signal by using a conjugate gradient method. Experimental results show that a resolution of two-optical-path difference (OPD) in the image intensity is approximately 60 microm, and the final OPD precisions are 2 and 8 microm for two and three reflecting surfaces, respectively, for a wavelength-scanning width of 7 nm. Profiles of the front and rear surfaces of a silica glass plate with a thickness of 20 microm have been measured with a precision of approximately 10 nm.
A New Luminescent Material, SrZnO2:Ba2+,Mn2+. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.