gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Crude Unit Corrosion Control (1987)

Abstract This paper details our experience in controlling crude unit overhead corrosion with filming and neutralizing inhibitors. This experience has been gained in units processing from 10 MBPD to 200 MBPD (1.59 MML/d to 31.8 MML/d) and over a wide range of operating conditions. Significant advances in corrosion control technology have resulted from this work. A better understanding of crude unit corrosion mechanisms now exists. More importantly, new tools and products have been developed to solve today’s problems. High corrosion rates have been observed in several crude unit overhead applications with treatment programs utilizing traditional corrosion control chemistry. Various corrodents are responsible for this corrosion potential. In addition to HCl and H2S, new corrodents have been identified in crude unit overhead condensates. These include several sulfur oxide compounds and various organic acids. Significant differences in pH can occur in the condensing system as the different acids and bases condense with the water vapor. Both low and high pH conditions have been observed at the initial water condensate point (ICP) when the tailwater was considered in good control. This pH profile must be addressed in order to provide effective corrosion inhibition over the entire condensing system. Extremely high corrosion rates have been recorded above the water dew point temperature. Also, corrosion of admiralty condensers has been identified in applications where "good" corrosion control practices were utilized. Investigation of these applications has led to an extensive research effort in the filming inhibitor area. New products have been developed for several specific areas. These new products have proven effective in reducing corrosion in the aggressive crude overhead environment above the water dew point zone, in high pH condensate, and where oxygen intrusion accelerates corrosion. Products have been developed to improve protection of copper bearing alloys such as admiralty where many of the standard filmers were found to be ineffective.
Taking AR into large scale industrial environments: navigation and information access with mobile computers (2001)

This paper presents a framework of applications based on AR technologies. This framework is designed for spatial data access, on-site navigation, as well as real-time video augmentation, and is applicable to different scenarios in large industrial settings. In the core of our framework lies a mobile computer equipped with a camera. The camera observes the environment for visual coded markers. These markers are registered to a global coordinate system through available drawings or floor plans. The tracker software processes images coming from the camera at moderate frame rates (typically 12 fps) and estimates the location of the user. The system then can guide the user through the environment, provide the user with location relevant data from a spatial database, and augment the view of the user through the camera. Data exchange is done via a wireless network and the user interface allows the user to access various types of data without considerable effort.
Using Cuttlefish Ink as an Additive to Produce Non‐iridescent Structural Colors of High Color Visibility (2015)

Non-iridescent structural colors of high color visibility are produced by amorphous photonic structures, in which -natural cuttlefish ink is used as an additive to break down the long-range order of the structures. The color hue and its spectral purity can be tuned by adjusting the diameter of the polystyrene (PS) spheres and the proportion of ink particles.
RING1 E3 ligase localizes to plasma membrane lipid rafts to trigger FB1‐induced programmed cell death in Arabidopsis (2008)

Ubiquitination plays important roles in plant development, including programmed cell death. Here, we characterize a novel membrane-bound RING motif protein, encoded by RING1, that is expressed at a low level in all Arabidopsis tissues but can be upregulated by fumonisin B1 (FB1) treatment and pathogen infection. RING1 displays E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro, which is dependent on the integrity of the RING motif. GFP fusion protein localization and cell fractionation experiments show that this E3 ligase is associated with the lipid rafts of plasma membranes. Knock-down of RING1 transcripts using artificial microRNA (amiR-R1(159)) leads to FB1 hyposensitivity, but overexpression of RING1 confers hypersensitivity. Additionally, expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) gene is lower and delayed in amiR-R1(159) plants compared with wild-type and RING1-overexpressing plants. The FB1 hyposensitivity of amiR-R1(159) plants can be rescued by expression of cleavage-resistant RING1mut transcripts. Our results suggest that RING1 acts as a signal from the plasma membrane lipid rafts to trigger the FB1-induced plant programmed cell death pathway.
Thermal Diffusion Factor for Diatomic Gas Mixture in Multicomponent System (2000)

Thermal diffusion factor for diatomic gas mixture was expressed in a practical form applicable to multi- component mixture. Thermal diffusion factor for diatomic gas mixtures was obtained directly from thermal diffusion coefficient in multicomponent mixture by using the relation between thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal diffusion factor, and was shown to be the same as that derived by Mason et al. through a “generalized Stefan-Maxwell equation”. The present expression gives a theoretical proof of the previously reported rough estimate of thermal diffusion factor for hydrogen binary mixtures. Comparing with the present expression for H2-HT binary gas mixture, we have found that the previously reported expression for thermal diffusion factor overestimates in a temperature range from 50 to 1,200 K, but the difference between the previous and the present expressions is small. The present expression is essential to the separative analyses of thermal diffusion column for diatomic gas mixture in multicomponent system, and is consistent with the rough estimate for binary mixture of diatomic gases.
Sleep disruption impairs haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice (2015)

Many of the factors affecting the success of haematopoietic cell transplantation are still unknown. Here we show in mice that donor sleep deprivation reduces the ability of its haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to engraft and reconstitute the blood and bone marrow of an irradiated recipient by more than 50%. We demonstrate that sleep deprivation downregulates the expression of microRNA (miR)-19b, a negative regulator of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) genes, which inhibit HSC migration and homing. Accordingly, HSCs from sleep-deprived mice have higher levels of SOCS genes expression, lower migration capacity in vitro and reduced homing to the bone marrow in vivo. Recovery of sleep after sleep deprivation restored the reconstitution potential of the HSCs. Taken together, this study provides insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sleep deprivation on HSCs, emphasizing the potentially critical role of donor sleep in the success of bone marrow transplantation.
A genetically encoded far‐red fluorescent calcium ion biosensor derived from a biliverdin‐binding protein (2022)

Abstract Far‐red and near‐infrared (NIR) genetically encoded calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) indicators (GECIs) are powerful tools for in vivo and multiplexed imaging of neural activity and cell signaling. Inspired by a previous report to engineer a far‐red fluorescent protein (FP) from a biliverdin (BV)‐binding NIR FP, we have developed a far‐red fluorescent GECI, designated iBB‐GECO1, from a previously reported NIR GECI. iBB‐GECO1 exhibits a relatively high molecular brightness, an inverse response to Ca 2+ with Δ F / F min = −13, and a near‐optimal dissociation constant ( K d ) for Ca 2+ of 105 nM. We demonstrate the utility of iBB‐GECO1 for four‐color multiplexed imaging in MIN6 cells and five‐color imaging in HEK293T cells. Like other BV‐binding GECIs, iBB‐GECO1 did not give robust signals during in vivo imaging of neural activity in mice, but did provide promising results that will guide future engineering efforts. Significance Genetically encoded calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) indicators (GECIs) compatible with common far‐red laser lines (~630–640 nm) on commercial microscopes are of critical importance for their widespread application to deep‐tissue multiplexed imaging of neural activity. In this study, we engineered a far‐red excitable fluorescent GECI, designated iBB‐GECO1, that exhibits a range of preferable specifications such as high brightness, large fluorescence response to Ca 2+ , and compatibility with multiplexed imaging in mammalian cells.
Synthesis, Anti‐MRSA, and Anti‐VRE Activity of Hemin Conjugates with Amino Acids and Branched Peptides (2013)

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has necessitated the synthesis of novel antibacterial agents. It was previously shown that naturally occurring metalloporphyrin hemin possesses dark antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. To improve hemin antibacterial activity, we synthesized a number of hemin conjugates with amino acids and branched peptides. Arginine-containing hemin conjugates demonstrated high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains in vitro. Most of the synthesized conjugates showed low toxicity against human erythrocytes and leukocytes.
Fluidics of a Nanogap (2006)

We have determined the filling properties of nanogaps with chemically heterogeneous walls. The quantitative criteria we present allow the prediction of the liquid loading of the nanostructure. They can easily be applied in combination with contact-angle measurements on planar substrates of the nanogap materials. We present an application of the theory to a recently developed nanogap biosensor. Chemical force microscopy (CFM) is employed to characterize the initial silanol properties of the gap. The functionality of the complex surface chemistry of the biosensor is demonstrated by the observation of functionalized nanoparticles in the gap with its resulting characteristic current-voltage relationship.
High Triplet Energy Host Materials for Blue TADF OLEDs—A Tool Box Approach (2020)

The synthesis of stable blue TADF emitters and the corresponding matrix materials is one of the biggest challenges in the development of novel OLED materials. We present six bipolar host materials based on triazine as an acceptor and two types of donors, namely, carbazole, and acridine. Using a tool box approach, the chemical structure of the materials is changed in a systematic way. Both the carbazole and acridine donor are connected to the triazine acceptor via a para- or a meta-linked phenyl ring or are linked directly to each other. The photophysics of the materials has been investigated in detail by absorption-, fluorescence-, and phosphorescence spectroscopy in solution. In addition, a number of DFT calculations have been made which result in a deeper understanding of the photophysics. The presence of a phenyl bridge between donor and acceptor cores leads to a considerable decrease of the triplet energy due to extension of the overlap electron and hole orbitals over the triazine-phenyl core of the molecule. This decrease is more pronounced for the para-phenylene than for the meta-phenylene linker. Only direct connection of the donor group to the triazine core provides a high energy of the triplet state of 2.97 eV for the carbazole derivative <b>CTRZ</b> and 3.07 eV for the acridine <b>ATRZ</b>. This is a major requirement for the use of the materials as a host for blue TADF emitters.
THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF HEALTHY MEN (1942)

The fundamental biologic determination of corporeal specific gravity, essentially a relationship between weight and unit volume, has been neglected in the modern classification of healthy persons. Stern 1 and Spivak 2 emphasized the value of the measurement of corporeal density, but their experimental data are not conclusive. Of especial interest is the relationship between specific gravity and the fat content of the body. The presence of an indeterminate amount of excess adipose tissue renders difficult any precise computation, for example, of metabolic rate or dosage of drugs in terms of total body weight. The important consideration should be the weight of the lean body representing the active mass of protoplasm. In this paper the data support the concept that the comparatively low specific gravity of fat makes the measurement of the specific gravity of the body mass valid for the estimation of fat content. The comprehensive, statistical analysis of Boyd,
Trusted Threat Intelligence Sharing in Practice and Performance Benchmarking through the Hyperledger Fabric Platform (2022)

Historically, threat information sharing has relied on manual modelling and centralised network systems, which can be inefficient, insecure, and prone to errors. Alternatively, private blockchains are now widely used to address these issues and improve overall organisational security. An organisation’s vulnerabilities to attacks might change over time. It is utterly important to find a balance among a current threat, the potential countermeasures, their consequences and costs, and the estimation of the overall risk that this provides to the organisation. For enhancing organisational security and automation, applying threat intelligence technology is critical for detecting, classifying, analysing, and sharing new cyberattack tactics. Trusted partner organisations can then share newly identified threats to improve their defensive capabilities against unknown attacks. On this basis, organisations can help reduce the risk of a cyberattack by providing access to past and current cybersecurity events through blockchain smart contracts and the Interplanetary File System (IPFS). The suggested combination of technologies can make organisational systems more reliable and secure, improving system automation and data quality. This paper outlines a privacy-preserving mechanism for threat information sharing in a trusted way. It proposes a reliable and secure architecture for data automation, quality, and traceability based on the Hyperledger Fabric private-permissioned distributed ledger technology and the MITRE ATT&amp;CK threat intelligence framework. This methodology can also be applied to combat intellectual property theft and industrial espionage.
The Total Chemical Synthesis of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) (1996)

The affinity-based N (alpha)-amino protecting group tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fluorenyl-17 methoxycarbonyl (Tbfmoc) has been utilized as a hydrophobic probe to allow the simple, quick and highly effective isolation of a 76 residue cysteine-containing protein (MCP-1). The base-labile Tbfmoc group can be removed under very mild conditions, which preserve the thiol-containing protein in the reduced state. Oxidative folding was then used to furnish the biologically active beta-chemokine MCP-1.
CCDC 846049: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2012)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN AND ELIMINATION OF FUEL SMOKE AND ODOUR FROM EXHAUST FUMES (1972)

THE RESULTS OF TESTS ARE USED TO INDICATE MEASURES WHICH CAN BE TAKEN TO REDUCE SMOKE AND ODOUR FROM EXHAUST FUMES. THE PRESENCE OF UNBURNT HYDROCARBONS, WHICH BECOME VISIBLE IN THE EXHAUST FUMES WHEN THE ENGINE IS COLD, CAN BE ELIMINATED BY INCREASING THE ENGINE TEMPERATURE AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE EXHAUST PIPE BY ALTERING THE FUEL MIXTURE. THE OCCURRENCE OF EXHAUST GAS ODOUR IS INDIRECTLY RELATED TO THE UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS.
Channel Length Modeling for a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output CamCom Link (2018)

This work presents a model for channel length estimation of a multiple-input-multiple-output camera communication link, based upon perspective projection modeling. Perspective projection model provides accurate mapping compared with conventional pin-hole approximation, due to the inclusion of additional intrinsic parameters. Simulations were carried out using the proposed model and a strong correlation was demonstrated through experimental results, thereby validating the proposed channel length estimation model.
Grounding Headphones for Protection Against ESD (2004)

A simple alternative technique has been devised protecting delicate equipment against electrostatic discharge (ESD) in settings in which workers wear communication headsets. In the original setting in which the technique was devised, the workers who wear the headsets also wear anti-ESD grounding straps on their wrists. The alternative technique eliminates the need for the wrist grounding straps by providing for grounding through the headsets. In place of the electrically insulating foam pads on the headsets, one installs pads made of electrically conductive foam like that commonly used to protect electronic components. Grounding wires are attached to the conductive foam pads, then possibly to the shielding cable which may be grounded to the backshell on the connector. The efficacy of this technique in protecting against ESD has been verified in experiments. The electrical resistance of the pads is a few megohms - about the same as that of a human body between the fingers of opposite hands and, hence, low enough for grounding. The only drawback of the technique is that care must be taken to place the foam pads in contact with the user s skin: any hair that comes between the foam pads and the skin must be pushed aside because hair is electrically insulating and thus prevents adequate grounding.
Determination of the Reaction Yield during Biotransformation of the Volatile and Chemically Unstable Compound β-Ionone by Aspergillus niger (1999)

Biotransformation of beta-ionone by Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 was a complex system, due to the low precursor solubility in water (0.88 mol/m(3)) which gave a two-phase liquid system, its high volatility (vapor pressure 7.2 Pa), and its poor chemical stability. A dynamic model, considering transfers between organic, aqueous, and gas layers, was established. It also took into account the decrease in organic layer area exchange during a process, due to progressive precursor disappearance. Its solving needed separate determination of two parameters. The first-order kinetic constant for chemical degradation, K(1), was estimated from side experiments involving a model system at thermodynamic equilibrium; its value was found to be close to 4.17 x 10(-)(6) s(-)(1). The volumetric transfer coefficient between gas and aqueous phase was estimated by analogy with results obtained for oxygen transfer. Results obtained demonstrated high liquid-gas transfer rates, while liquid-liquid transfers were severely limited. These data were then used to estimate the true yield of a biotransformation experiment, which was found to be close to unity.
Near-infrared Faraday rotation ofCd1−xMnxTe (1992)

The near-infrared Faraday rotation of ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$Te has been measured for x=0--0.3 at 300 and 77 K for photon energies between 0.1 (12.0) and 1.5 (0.8) eV (\ensuremath{\mu}m). We have developed a multioscillator model for the Faraday rotation using an analytical expression for the refractive index that includes contributions from interband transitions at the \ensuremath{\Gamma}, L, and X points of the Brillouin zone, as well as the lattice contribution from optical phonons. The multioscillator model explains the measured behavior of the Verdet constant as a function of photon energy for all concentrations at both temperatures. This model has also been applied successfully to Faraday rotation data for ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$Te and ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$Te from previous studies.
Synthesis and biological activity of novel thymidine derivatives of podophyllotoxin and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. (1993)

We have synthesized a number of novel derivatives of podophyllotoxin (POD) and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) in which the nucleoside thymidine has been conjugated at the C4 position. To investigate the structure-activity relationship among these compounds, the cross-resistance patterns of these derivatives towards a set of either POD-resistant (PodR) or VP16/VM26-resistant (VpmR) mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were determined. These mutants exhibit highly specific cross-resistance patterns toward compounds that show either POD- or VP16/VM26-like activity. The observed cross-resistance patterns of the thymidine derivatives suggests that these compounds display POD-like activity in vivo and show no VP16/VM26-like activity. Further, treatment of Chinese hamster cells with these compounds caused a dose-dependent increase in the mitotic index similar to the patterns observed with POD and DMEP, supporting the data from the cross-resistance assay. Most thymidine derivatives exhibited much lower activity in comparison to POD or DMEP, suggesting that the thymidine moiety interferes with the interaction of these compounds with the receptor site on the tubulin molecule. One of these derivatives which was most active in the aforementioned assays was also found to be a competitive inhibitor of radiolabelled POD binding to purified bovine brain tubulin. All other compounds were insoluble at concentrations required to perform the competition assay. Molecular modelling studies provide valuable insight regarding the three-dimensional structural requirements that distinguish POD-like compounds from their VP16/VM26-like counterparts. There appears to be a very limited spatial and electrostatic requirement for the bulky glycosidic moiety at C4 which is essential for VP16/VM26-like activity.
A Joint Relay-and-Antenna Selection Scheme in Energy-Harvesting MIMO Relay Networks (2016)

Energy harvesting, which is a promising technology to prolong the lifetime of energy-constrained wireless networks, has attracted lots of attention. In this letter, we consider an energy-harvesting multiple-relay multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decode-and-forward (DF) cooperation network. A joint relay-and-antenna selection (JRAS) scheme, which jointly determines the best transmit antenna at the source node, the best relay, and the best transmit antenna at the selected relay, is proposed to minimize the system outage probability. Then, we analyze the outage performance of the JRAS scheme, and the exact expression for the outage probability is derived. Finally, simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the superiority of the JRAS scheme.
Simulation of Industrial Bin Picking: An Application of Laser Range Finder Simulation (2018)

In bin picking, robots manipulate randomized objects placed in a bin. For that, the objects have to be located before picking. The procedure of localization relies heavily on data from visual sensors, i.e., laser range finders. Development and testing of robot cells with optical localization is time-consuming because realistic sensor data is hardly available. This paper addresses this problem by presenting a framework for simulating robotic bin picking cells. The framework includes a representation of a virtual sensor model for laser range finders, which considers different sources of noise. Well-known ray tracing methods are used to generate synthetic three-dimensional point clouds representing the virtual scene realistically by applying an additive Gaussian Error model. Encouraging results for the simulation of bins filled with gear shafts are presented.