gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation and Thermal Properties of Amorphous Ti40Cu40Ni10Al10Alloy by Mechanical Alloying (2009)

The amorphization process and the thermal properties of amorphous Ti<TEX>$_{40}$</TEX>Cu<TEX>$_{40}$</TEX>Ni<TEX>$_{10}$</TEX>Al<TEX>$_{10}$</TEX> powder during milling by mechanical alloying were examined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical composition of the samples was examined by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) facility attached to the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The as-milled powders showed a broad peak (2<TEX>$\theta$</TEX> = 42.4<TEX>$^{\circ}$</TEX>) with crystalline size of about 5.0 nm in the XRD patterns. The entire milling process could be divided into three different stages: agglomeration (0 < t<TEX>$_m$</TEX> <TEX>$\leq$</TEX> 3 h), disintegration (3 h < t<TEX>$_m$</TEX> <TEX>$\leq$</TEX> 20 h), and homogenization (20 h < t<TEX>$_m$</TEX> <TEX>$\leq$</TEX> 40 h) (t<TEX>$_m$</TEX>: milling time). In the DSC experiment, the peak temperature T<TEX>$_p$</TEX> and crystallization temperature T<TEX>$_x$</TEX> were 466.9<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX> and 444.3<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>, respectively, and the values of T<TEX>$_p$</TEX>, and T<TEX>$_x$</TEX> increased with a heating rate (HR). The activation energies of crystallization for the as-milled powder was 291.5 kJ/mol for T<TEX>$_p$</TEX>.
Quality‐of‐Life Assessment in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis (2001)

The SF-36, VHI, and VOS provide an important complement to traditional endpoints in the analysis of patients with UVCP.
Effect of Contaminants on Resistance To Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Ni-Cr Alloy 600 in Pressurized Water (1965)

Numerous tests have shown that Alloy 600, a 76 nickel-15 chromium-7 iron alloy, has excellent corrosion resistance in pressurized high temperature water. The present tests were undertaken to determine the influence of possible contaminants in 600 F (316 C) pressurized water on corrosion behavior, using both single and double U-bend specimens. The double U-bend provided a combined stress and crevice specimen. Contaminants were sodium fluoride, air, lead powder, lead oxide, a petroleum hydrocarbon, and a mixture of lead powder and the hydrocarbon. Contamination and aeration were much in excess of any condition likely to be encountered in pressurized water reactors. Under certain conditions, some contaminants induced stress corrosion cracking.
Nonlinear Beam-Plasma Interactions and Stochastic Acceleration (1971)

The development of an electron beam-plasma instability beyond the stage described by quasilinear theory has been investigated by means of kinetic equations for waves and particles which include the effects of spontaneous emission and scattering of waves. Characteristic times for the formation of a high-energy tail have been computed, which at late times may extend significantly beyond the original beam velocity. Qualitative agreement is obtained with experiments.
Capturing the Most Active State of a Palladium(0) Cross-Coupling Catalyst (2021)

Zerovalent palladium complexes are ubiquitous active species in modern cross-coupling reactions that comprise many premier methods for the construction of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds in organic synthesis. While palladium(0) complexes stabilized by two or more dative ligands are widely known, the most active form of Pd(0) coordinated by a single ancillary ligand (“monoligated Pd(0)”) has long eluded direct characterization. We report the synthesis and unambiguous solution- and solid-state characterization of functionally 12-electron Pd(0) complexes coordinated by a single tri(1-adamantyl)phosphine (PAd3) ligand. Access to these fleeting intermediates was achieved by enabling B-to-Pd transmetalation reactions that occur at cryogenic temperature. This work opens new avenues to experimentally interrogate highly reactive on-cycle Pd(0) catalysts and their structure-dependent reactivity and speciation, which should be broadly informative in continuing studies of catalytic processes featuring the prevalent Pd(0)/Pd(II) redox couple.
Spacecraft antenna measurement eliminating gravity effect by using planar near-field antenna measurement technique (2000)

Since spacecraft antennas are used in space, it is necessary to evaluate the mirror surface error and the electrical performance of the antenna in the gravity-free state. In order to execute such an evaluation on the ground, a measurement method is desired in which the effect of gravity can be separately evaluated. This article proposes a method that separately evaluates the mirror surface error inherent to the antenna and deformation by gravity, by rotating the antenna around the beam axis, and measuring the near field at each angle of rotation. An antenna is experimentally constructed, measured, and evaluated by the proposed method. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 83(3): 16–25, 2000
COMPASS (2010)

A traditional fixed-function graphics accelerator has evolved into a programmable general-purpose graphics processing unit over the last few years. These powerful computing cores are mainly used for accelerating graphics applications or enabling low-cost scientific computing. To further reduce the cost and form factor, an emerging trend is to integrate GPU along with the memory controllers onto the same die with the processor cores. However, given such a system-on-chip, the GPU, while occupying a substantial part of the silicon, will sit idle and contribute nothing to the overall system performance when running non-graphics workloads or applications lack of data-level parallelism. In this paper, we propose COMPASS, a compute shader-assisted data prefetching scheme, to leverage the GPU resource for improving single-threaded performance on an integrated system. By harnessing the GPU shader cores with very lightweight architectural support, COMPASS can emulate the functionality of a hardware-based prefetcher using the idle GPU and successfully improve the memory performance of single-thread applications. Moreover, thanks to its flexibility and programmability, one can implement the best performing prefetch scheme to improve each specific application as demonstrated in this paper. With COMPASS, we envision that a future application vendor can provide a custom-designed COMPASS shader bundled with its software to be loaded at runtime to optimize the performance. Our simulation results show that COMPASS can improve the single-thread performance of memory-intensive applications by 68% on average.
Supplementary Data from Potency-matched Dual Cytokine–Antibody Fusion Proteins for Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: Amino acid sequence of IL2-F8-TNF; Supplementary Figure S2: murine TNF mutants screening; Supplementary Figure S3: Analysis of toxicity form therapy by observation of changes in the weight of mice; Supplementary Figure S4: Necroscopic analysis of organs after IL2-F8-TNFmut (right panels) treatment compared to PBS. Supplementary Figure S5: Immunofluorescence analysis of tumor infiltrating NK cells; Supplementary Figure S6: human TNF mutants screening; Supplementary Figure S7: Cloning expression and characterisation of fully-human IL2-F8- TNFmut&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of the Major Viral Polypeptide in Cells Transformed by Wild-Type and Temperature-Sensitive Murine Sarcoma Virus (1974)

Extracts of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV)-transformed rat cells were analyzed by a radioimmunoassay procedure which detects the 30,000-dalton major virus structural polypeptide (p30). With the appropriate choice of antiserum and competing protein, type-specific p30 antigenic determinants of Moloney leukemia virus were detected in extracts of producer and nonproducer M-MSV-transformed cells. The specific antigenic determinants were expressed at permissive and restrictive temperatures in cells transformed by a cold-sensitive M-MSV mutant, suggesting that expression of type-specific p30 antigens is not required for maintenance of the transformed phenotype. In parallel experiments, Rauscher leukemia virus type-specific p30 antigenic determinants were detected in extracts of nonproducer M-MSV-transformed cells superinfected with Rauscher leukemia virus. The intracellular p30 antigen in extracts of wild-type and mutant M-MSV-transformed cells was characterized by Sephadex chromatography and isoelectric focusing. Extracts of M-MSV-transformed cells contained a single peak of p30 antigenic activity with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 6.0, suggesting that the polypeptide in cellular extracts was similar in molecular weight and isoelectric point to the corresponding protein isolated from purified Moloney murine sarcoma-leukemia virus.
Implementation and optimization of asymmetric transistors in advanced SOI CMOS technologies for high performance microprocessors (2008)

Sub-40 nm Lgate asymmetric halo and source/drain extension transistors have been integrated into leading-edge 65 nm and 45 nm PD-SOI CMOS technologies. With optimization, the asymmetric NMOS and PMOS saturation drive currents improve up to 12% and 10%, respectively, resulting in performance at 1.0 V and 100 nA/mum IOFF of NIDSAT=1354 muA/mum and PIDSAT=857 muA/mum. Product-level implementation of asymmetric transistors showed a speed benefit of 12%, at matched yield and improved reliability.
Signfinder: using color to detect, localize and identify informational signs (2002)

We describe an approach to detecting, locating and normalizing road signs. The approach will apply provided: (i) the signs have stereotypical boundary shapes (i.e. rectangular, or hexagonal-of course, we allow for these shapes to be distorted by projection to unknown viewpoint), (ii) the writing on the sign has one uniform color and the rest of the sign has a second uniform color (we allow for the color of the illuminant to be unknown). We show that the approach works even under significant illuminant color changes, viewpoint direction, shadowing, and occlusion. This work is part of a project intended to help people who are blind, or whose sight is impaired.
The NuSTAR spectrum of Mrk 335: extreme relativistic effects within two gravitational radii of the event horizon? (2014)

We present 3–50 keV NuSTAR observations of the active galactic nuclei Mrk 335 in a very low flux state. The spectrum is dominated by very strong features at the energies of the iron line at 5–7 keV and Compton hump from 10–30 keV. The source is variable during the observation, with the variability concentrated at low energies, which suggesting either a relativistic reflection or a variable absorption scenario. In this work, we focus on the reflection interpretation, making use of new relativistic reflection models that self consistently calculate the reflection fraction, relativistic blurring and angle-dependent reflection spectrum for different coronal heights to model the spectra. We find that the spectra can be well fitted with relativistic reflection, and that the lowest flux state spectrum is described by reflection alone, suggesting the effects of extreme light-bending occurring within ∼2 gravitational radii (RG) of the event horizon. The reflection fraction decreases sharply with increasing flux, consistent with a point source moving up to above 10 RG as the source brightens. We constrain the spin parameter to greater than 0.9 at the 3σ confidence level. By adding a spin-dependent upper limit on the reflection fraction to our models, we demonstrate that this can be a powerful way of constraining the spin parameter, particularly in reflection dominated states. We also calculate a detailed emissivity profile for the iron line, and find that it closely matches theoretical predictions for a compact source within a few RG of the black hole.
High genetic connectivity of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the South China, Bali and Java Seas (2016)

Genetic connectivity of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the South China, Bali and Java Seas was investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. The nucleotide and haplotype diversities estimated among the gene sequences ranged 0.012–0.014 and 0.83–0.92, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis (Maximum Likelihood) of gene sequences indicated that the individuals sampled belong to a single taxonomic clade. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and FST values revealed non-significant variation among populations. Both Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS statistics were non-significant indicating an effective large and stable population size. The results suggested that the S. commerson population has strong genetic connectivity in the study regions. In addition, mismatch distribution analyses and tests of neutrality evolution indicated that S. commerson populations had not undergone significant sudden population expansion recently. Hence, the current study suggests that Southeast Asian nations might need to consider cooperative management of S. commerson for sustainable use.
School Models (1995)

The word "pedagogy" goes back to the idea of childhood (in Greek: paidi = child) and also to the idea of voyage and departure (paida/gogia). If we take the etymology at face value, pedagogy would be an invitation to a voyage, an incentive to remove shackles, to leave the port, to accept the challenge of roaming and the augury of an encounter with otherness, with the nonself. An idea close to this one, "education," comes from the same semantic source.
High-order multipole radiation from quantum Hall states in Dirac materials (2017)

We investigate the optical response of strongly disordered quantum Hall states in two-dimensional Dirac materials and find qualitatively different effects in the radiation properties of the bulk versus the edge. We show that the far-field radiation from the edge is characterized by large multipole moments $(&gt;50)$ due to the efficient transfer of angular momentum from the electrons into the scattered light. The maximum multipole transition moment is a direct measure of the coherence length of the edge states. Accessing these multipole transitions would provide new tools for optical spectroscopy and control of quantum Hall edge states. On the other hand, the far-field radiation from the bulk appears as random dipole emission with spectral properties that vary with the local disorder potential. We determine the conditions under which this bulk radiation can be used to image the disorder landscape. Such optical measurements can probe submicron-length scales over large areas and provide complementary information to scanning probe techniques. Spatially resolving this bulk radiation would serve as a novel probe of the percolation transition near half filling.
The gut bacterial natural product colibactin triggers induction of latent viruses in diverse bacteria (2021)

Abstract Colibactin is a chemically unstable small molecule genotoxin produced by multiple different bacteria, including members of the human gut microbiome. While the biological activity of colibactin has been extensively investigated in mammalian systems, little is known about its effects on other microorganisms. Here, we discover that colibactin targets bacteria carrying prophages, inducing lytic development via the bacterial SOS response. DNA, added exogenously, protects bacteria from colibactin, as does expressing a colibactin resistance protein (ClbS) in non-colibactin-producing cells. The prophage-inducing effects we observe apply broadly across taxonomically diverse phage-bacteria systems. Finally, we identify bacteria that possess colibactin resistance genes but lack colibactin biosynthetic genes. Many of these bacteria are infected with predicted prophages, and we show that the expression of their ClbS homologs provides immunity from colibactin-triggered induction. Our study reveals a mechanism by which colibactin production could impact microbiomes and highlights an underappreciated role for microbial natural products in influencing population-level events such as phage outbreaks.
Targeting embryonic signaling pathways in cancer therapy (2012)

CSC research is rapidly evolving. Expectations regarding their therapeutic targeting are rising quickly. Further definition of what constitutes a true CSC, proper validation of CSC markers, a better understanding of cross-talk among ESP and other pathways, and interactions with tumor non-CSC and the tumor microenvironment are needed. The appropriate patient population, the right clinical setting and combination strategies to test these therapies, as well as the proper pharmacodynamic markers to measure, need to be further established.
High power side pumped unidirectional ring Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. High power compact solid-state lasers in the 1-1.1 /spl mu/m spectral range are of great interest for many applications involving optical pumping of either Raman lasers or Pr-doped fiber amplifiers. In this context we have built an all-fiber high power Yb-doped fiber laser in a unidirectional ring geometry. The fiber is 10 m long and has a double cladding allowing the use of high power semiconductor lasers as pumping sources by multimode propagation in the inner cladding. The experimental setup is shown. The pump is injected using the V-groove technique thus ensuring both a high launching efficiency and free fiber ends. This latter point is very convenient to make a fiber-ring laser. Our laser operates in the CW regime and the output power is about 1.8 W. The spectral width is below 0.5 nm. Let us mention that in a linear cavity or in a ring cavity the same fiber operates in self-pulsing regime generally attributed to Brillouin backscattering. The use of an optical isolator allows us to efficiently stabilize the laser. The insertion of a tuning element in the cavity is actually under investigation and should allow to obtain a spectral tunability over the range 1.05-1.1 /spl mu/m.
Growth optimization and characterization of a-axis oriented Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films on [100] LaSrGaO/sub 4/ substrates (1995)

We have grown high quality a-axis oriented YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x//PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-y/ films on [100] LaSrGaO/sub 4/ substrates. We have optimized the crystalline orientation and the superconducting properties of our films. We have performed annealing studies on a- and c-axis films in vacuum and oxygen to compare the oxygen depletion of the films and found that T/sub c/ degradation of a-axis films is comparable to that of c-axis films. To further optimize the a-axis films for trilayer junction fabrication, we significantly reduced the surface roughness of the films by a gradual lowering of oxygen pressure during the deposition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparing salient point detectors (2001)

The use of salient points in content-based retrieval allows an image index to represent local properties of the image. Classic corner detectors can also be used for this purpose but they have drawbacks when are applied to various natural images mainly because visual features do not need to be corners and corners may gather in small regions. In this paper, we present a salient point detector using wavelet transform and we compare it with two corner detectors using two criteria: repeatability rate and information content. We determine which detector gives the best results and show that it satisfies the criteria well.
Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep (2010)

Bone healing is known to occur through the successive formation and resorption of various tissues with different structural and mechanical properties. To get a better insight into this sequence of events, we used environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) together with scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) to reveal the size and orientation of bone mineral particles within the regenerating callus tissues at different healing stages (2, 3, 6, and 9 weeks). Sections of 200 µm were cut from embedded blocks of midshaft tibial samples in a sheep osteotomy model with an external fixator. Regions of interest on the medial side of the proximal fragment were chosen to be the periosteal callus, middle callus, intercortical callus, and cortex. Mean thickness (T parameter), degree of alignment (ρ parameter), and predominant orientation (ψ parameter) of mineral particles were deduced from resulting sSAXS patterns with a spatial resolution of 200 µm. 2D maps of T and ρ overlapping with ESEM images revealed that the callus formation occurred in two waves of bone formation, whereby a highly disordered mineralized tissue was deposited first, followed by a bony tissue with more lamellar appearance in the ESEM and where the mineral particles were more aligned, as revealed by sSAXS. As a consequence, degree of alignment and mineral particle size within the callus increased with healing time, whereas at any given moment there were structural gradients, for example, from periosteal toward the middle callus.
Decontamination of MMH- and NTO/MON-propellant Tanks (2004)

Decontamination of liquid propellant tanks, namely MMH and NTO/MON tanks, due to emergency offloading of a spacecraft can cause damage to the propellant tank material if safety precautions are not taken into account. MMH (Mono-Methyl Hydrazine) reacts with water with an exothermic reaction that causes temperature rise and hydrous reaction product formation. NTO and MON (Nitrogen Tetroxide Oxidiser / Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen) react with water forming nitrous and nitric acid, which may cause corrosion and enhance Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in the titanium tank material. To avoid these problems, a new procedure with a numerical prediction tool for decontamination of MMH tank has been developed, used and assessed to decontaminate the MMH tank of the ESA Rosetta spacecraft successfully. The ESA proposed procedure for MON oxidiser tank emergency off-loading and decontamination is also presented.
An Efficient Content Delivery Infrastructure Leveraging the Public Transportation Network (2016)

With the world population becoming increasingly urban and the multiplication of mega cities, urban leaders have responded with plans calling for so called smart cities relying on instantaneous access to information using mobile devices for an intelligent management of resources. Coupled with the advent of the smartphone as the main platform for accessing the Internet, this has created the conditions for the looming wireless bandwidth crunch.
The role of glutamine in the biosynthesis of hyaluronate by streptococcal suspensions (1956)

Research Article| February 01 1956 The role of glutamine in the biosynthesis of hyaluronate by streptococcal suspensions D. A. Lowther; D. A. Lowther 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. J. Rogers H. J. Rogers 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1956) 62 (2): 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620304 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. A. Lowther, H. J. Rogers; The role of glutamine in the biosynthesis of hyaluronate by streptococcal suspensions. Biochem J 1 February 1956; 62 (2): 304–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620304 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.