gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine D4 receptors inhibit proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by insulin via down-regulation of insulin receptor expression (2014)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration, which are central in the development of vascular diseases, are regulated by numerous hormones and humoral factors. Activation of the insulin receptor stimulates VSMCs proliferation while dopamine receptors, via D1 and D3 receptors, inhibit the stimulatory effects of norepinephrine on VSMCs proliferation. We hypothesize that activation of the D4 dopamine receptor may also inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, therefore, inhibit atherosclerosis. Our current study found that insulin increased the proliferation and migration of A10 cells, an effect that was reduced in the presence of a D4 receptor agonist, PD168077. The negative effect of the D4 receptor on insulin's action may be via decreasing insulin receptor expression, because activation of the D4 receptor inhibited insulin receptor protein and mRNA expressions, indicating that the regulation occured at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. To determine whether or not the inhibition of D4 receptor on insulin-mediated proliferation and migration of VSMCs has physiological significance, hyper-insulinemic Sprague-Dawley rats with balloon-injured carotid artery were treated with a D4 agonist, PD168077, (6 mg/kg/d) for 14 days. We found that PD168077 significantly inhibited neointimal formation by inhibition of VSMC proliferation. This study suggests that activation of the D4 receptor suppresses the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, therefore, inhibit atherosclerosis. The D4 receptor may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce the effects of insulin on artery remodeling.
The short device lifetimes of blue PhOLEDs: insights into the photostability of blue Ir(iii) complexes (2017)

Using Ir(iii) complexes as dopants in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) is the most successful strategy to attain long-lasting and highly-performant electroluminescent devices. Whilst highly efficient blue PhOLEDs are accessible, their limited operational lifetimes still restraint their practical use in lighting and displays. These short lifetimes are directly related to the low intrinsic photostability of blue Ir(iii) complexes. This work uses first principles to unveil the mechanisms of degradation of blue phosphors arising from energetically hot excited states (≅6.0 eV), and to propose a strategy for improving the stability of blue phosphors.
Abstract 16585: Comparison Between Steen and Somah as Primary Perfusate Components for ex vivo Heart Perfusion (2017)

Background: Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion (EVHP) has been proposed as an alternative preservation strategy to expand cardiac donations, enabling functional assessment of hearts donated after circulatory ...
Shadow photography: An aid to microscopy (1981)

SUMMARY The use of a small‐size electronic flash lamp, as a point source, makes possible a useful system for recording silhouette photographs of many subjects, such as plankton. Limitations of conventional microscopy methods, such as (1) small areas covered, (2) depth of field, and (3) subject motion, are partly overcome for some examples.
Deep-Submicrometer AlGaN/GaN HEMTs With Slant Field Plates (2009)

Deep-submicrometer AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with integrated slant field plates have been fabricated. Simulation showed this technology had the ability to minimize both the dc-RF dispersion and parasitic capacitance. Prototype device results demonstrated an excellent millimeter-wave power density of 4.9 W/mm with a power-added efficiency of 45% at 30 GHz at a drain bias of 30 V.
Characterization and Comparison of Biomass from Mesophilic and Thermophilic Fixed Bed Anaerobic Digesters (1992)

Two lab-scale mesophilic (MAF) and thermophilic (TAF) anaerobic filters treating effluents from a mussel cooking factory were operated at their maximum organic load rate (OLR) for a long period of time. The biomass profiles and the distribution of occluded and attached biomass were determined. Biomass distribution in the MAF was more homogeneous along the filter. Most of the biomass in the TAF was attached while both attached and occluded biomass was observed in the MAF. The hydrolytic, acidogenic, acetogenic and methanogenic activities of sludges at different levels were determined. An attempt is made to explain the behaviour of both reactors as a function of these activities and other kinetic parameters.
Fast ultrasound imaging simulation in K-space (2009)

Most available ultrasound imaging simulation methods are based on the spatial impulse response approach. The execution speed of such a simulation is of the order of days for one heart-sized frame using desktop computers. For some applications, the accuracy of such rigorous simulation approaches is not necessary. This work outlines a much faster 3-D ultrasound imaging simulation approach that can be applied to tasks like simulating 3-D ultrasound images for speckletracking. The increased speed of the proposed simulation method is based primarily on the approximation that the point spread function is set to be spatially invariant, which is a reasonably good approximation when using polar coordinates for simulating images from phased arrays with constant aperture. Ultrasound images are found as the convolution of the PSF and an object of sparsely distributed scatterers. The scatterers are passed through an anti-aliasing filter before insertion into a regular beam-space grid to reduce the bandwidth and significantly reduce the amount of data. A comparison with the well-established simulation software package Field II has been made. A simulation of a cyst image using the same input object was found to be in the order of 7000 times slower than the presented method. Following these considerations, the proposed simulation method can be a rapid and valuable tool for working with 3-D ultrasound imaging and in particular 3-D speckle-tracking.
CT Features Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Status in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma (2016)

Purpose To retrospectively identify the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, predominant histologic subtype, and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics in surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas in a cohort of Asian patients. materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board, with waiver of informed consent. Preoperative chest CT findings were retrospectively evaluated in 385 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas. A total of 30 CT descriptors were assessed. EGFR mutations at exons 18-21 were determined by using the amplification refractory mutation system. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent factors of harboring EGFR mutation status. The final model was selected by using the backward elimination method, and two areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were compared with the nonparametric approach of DeLong, DeLong, and Clarke-Pearson. Results EGFR mutations were found in 168 (43.6%) of 385 patients. Mutations were found more frequently in (a) female patients (P < .001); (b)those who had never smoked (P < .001); (c)those with lepidic predominant adenocarcinomas (P = .001) or intermediate pathologic grade (P < .001); (e) smaller tumors (P < .001); (f)tumors with spiculation (P = .019), ground-glass opacity (GGO) or mixed GGO (P < .001), air bronchogram (P = .006), bubblelike lucency (P < .001), vascular convergence (P = .024), thickened adjacent bronchovascular bundles (P = .027), or pleural retraction (P < .001); and (g) tumors without pleural attachment (P = .004), a well-defined margin (P = .010), marked heterogeneous enhancement (P = .001), severe peripheral emphysema (P = .002), severe peripheral fibrosis (P = .013), or lymphadenopathy (P = .028). The most important and significantly independent prognostic factors of harboring EGFR-activating mutation for the model with both clinical variables and CT features were those who had never smoked and those with smaller tumors, bubblelike lucency, homogeneous enhancement, or pleural retraction when adjusting for histologic subtype, pathologic grade, or thickened adjacent bronchovascular bundles. ROC curve analysis showed that use of clinical variables combined with CT features (area under the ROC curve = 0.778) was superior to use of clinical variables alone (area under the ROC curve = 0.690). Conclusion CT imaging features of lung adenocarcinomas in combination with clinical variables can be used to prognosticate EGFR mutation status better than use of clinical variables alone. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Software workflow for the automatic tagging of medieval manuscript images (SWATI) (2015)

Digital methods, tools and algorithms are gaining in importance for the analysis of digitized manuscript collections in the arts and humanities. One example is the BMBF-funded research project “eCodicology” which aims to design, evaluate and optimize algorithms for the automatic identification of macro- and micro-structural layout features of medieval manuscripts. The main goal of this research project is to provide better insights into high-dimensional datasets of medieval manuscripts for humanities scholars. The heterogeneous nature and size of the humanities data and the need to create a database of automatically extracted reproducible features for better statistical and visual analysis are the main challenges in designing a workflow for the arts and humanities. This paper presents a concept of a workflow for the automatic tagging of medieval manuscripts. As a starting point, the workflow uses medieval manuscripts digitized within the scope of the project &#86;irtual Scriptorium St. Matthias". Firstly, these digitized manuscripts are ingested into a data repository. Secondly, specific algorithms are adapted or designed for the identification of macro- and micro-structural layout elements like page size, writing space, number of lines etc. And lastly, a statistical analysis and scientific evaluation of the manuscripts groups are performed. The workflow is designed generically to process large amounts of data automatically with any desired algorithm for feature extraction. As a result, a database of objectified and reproducible features is created which helps to analyze and visualize hidden relationships of around 170,000 pages. The workflow shows the potential of automatic image analysis by enabling the processing of a single page in less than a minute. Furthermore, the accuracy tests of the workflow on a small set of manuscripts with respect to features like page size and text areas show that automatic and manual analysis are comparable. The usage of a computer cluster will allow the highly performant processing of large amounts of data. The software framework itself will be integrated as a service into the DARIAH infrastructure to make it adaptable for wider range of communities.
Oxidative Assistance in the Conversion of α-Iodoketones to α-Ketols (1988)

Treatment with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene (2) followed by hydrolysis converted five phenacyl iodides 1a-e to phenacyl alcohols 8a-d, 9 but failed to convert exo-3-iodonorbornan-2-one (10) and 2-iodocyclohexanone (11) to α-ketols. Iodinations by proposed intermediate trifluoroacetoxy iodide (5) were assumed to explain the formation of p-diiodobenzene (7) and 2-hydroxy-1-(3′-iodo-4′-methoxyphenyl) ethanone (9).
Corrosion fatigue of coated AISI 4340 high strength steel with dent damage (2017)

Abstract Tension‐compression fatigue behaviour of a high‐strength steel, coated with cadmium and zinc‐nickel, with dent damage was investigated under saltwater environment. Dent damage exposed coated high‐strength steel substrate to saltwater environment to study hydrogen reembrittlement. Three types of specimens were tested: cadmium and zinc‐nickel‐coated specimens with dent damage and uncoated specimens with similar dent damage that were shot‐peened in a similar way as the coated specimens. The environmentally friendly zinc‐nickel‐coated specimens displayed similar fatigue behaviour like hazardous cadmium‐coated specimens. Scanning electron microscopy with an apparatus Quanta 450 confirmed that damage mechanisms were similar in all 3 types of specimens.
Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence of disorder and motion in yttrium trideuteride (1998)

Three samples of ${\mathrm{YD}}_{x},$ with x ranging from 2.9 to nearly 3.0, were studied with deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance to gain insight into the locations of the D atoms in the lattice and their motions. Line shapes at low temperatures (200--330 K) show substantial disorder at some of the deuterium sites. Near 355 K, the spectrum sharpens to yield three uniaxial Pake patterns, reflecting a motional averaging process. However, the three measured intensities do not match the ratios expected from the neutron-determined, ${\mathrm{HoD}}_{3}$-like structure. This is strong evidence that the structure and space group of ${\mathrm{YD}}_{3}$ are different than reported, or that the current model needs adjustment. At still higher temperatures near 400 K, the Pake doublet features broaden, and a single sharp resonance develops, signalling a diffusive motion that carries all D atoms over all sites. The temperature at which line shape changes occur depends on the number of deuterium vacancies, $3\ensuremath{-}x.$ The changes occur at lower temperatures in the most defective sample, indicating the role of D-atom vacancies in the motional processes. The longitudinal relaxation rate ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ displays two regimes, being nearly temperature independent below 300 K and strongly thermally activated above. The relaxation rate depends on the number of deuterium vacancies, $3\ensuremath{-}x,$ varying an order of magnitude over the range of stoichiometries studied and suggesting that D-atom diffusion is involved. Also, the activation energy describing ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1} (\ensuremath{\simeq}{k}_{B}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5500 \mathrm{K})$ approximately matches that for diffusion. An unusual ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}^{\ensuremath{-}0.7}$ frequency dependence of ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is observed. A relaxation mechanism is proposed in which diffusion is the rate-determining step and in which frequency dependence arises from a field-dependent radius of the relaxation zones.
Performance of Reliable Mesa-Etched InP-based Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes and Arrays (2007)

The fabrication of reliable InP-based Geiger- mode avalanche photodiodes are described. Devices passivated with polyimide coated with silicon nitride have not degraded even while aging under more strenuous conditions than those used in fielded systems.
Reflection-Mode Digital Gradient Sensing Technique for Experimental Fracture Mechanics (2015)

In this work, the reflection-mode Digital Gradient Sensing (r-DGS) method is extended for visualizing and quantifying crack-tip deformations in solids under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The r-DGS technique employs digital image correlation principles to quantify two orthogonal surface slopes simultaneously in specularly reflective solids by quantifying small deflections of light rays. For the first time, r-DGS has been implemented here to study both mode-I and mixed-mode (I/II) problems and quantify fracture parameters. Under dynamic loading conditions, r-DGS is implemented in conjunction with high-speed digital photography to map surface slopes in edge cracked plates subjected to one-point impact. The measured surface slopes have been used to successfully evaluate stress intensity factor histories by pairing measurements with the corresponding asymptotic crack tip field descriptions using overdeterministic least-squares analyses.
Maximizing tandem solar cell power extraction using a three-terminal design (2018)

Three-terminal tandem solar cells can provide a robust operating mechanism to efficiently capture the solar spectrum without the need to current match sub-cells or fabricate complicated metal interconnects.
FDA Guidance for Industry 1 Extended Release Solid Oral Dosage forms: Development, Evaluation, and Application of In Vitro/In Vivo Correlations (1997)

This guidance provide. \ " 1"cco'IJ/mf!ndations to pharmm:ellticti/ sponson ' 'wbo intend to develop dOCfIllIl'llfatioll ill .mpp011 ofllJl in Vih'o/in vivo cor'relatiol1 (lVrVC) fl1" {111 07'al extended reiease (ER) dmg prodllct for minllission in a 1Iew d17lg application (NOli), abbreviated lmv drug a/lplimtion (IINDII), 01' antibiotic dmg appliclltion (IIA 011). The gaidam:e preselllJ a comprehemive pe1:fpective 011 (1) '/IIetbods of developing an I Vl VC (lilt! eVlllllming its predictability; (2) /Ising {/II I V1VC to set dissoilltion specifications; 01111 (3) applying all I VIVC a:i II sll1Togate for in vivo bioequivalel1ce when it is 7lecesstl1"Y to docu-JIIent bioequival'llce during tbe initial approval process or becallse of certain pre-01' postflpproval changes (e.g., j"o11J/ltiatioll, eqllipme17l, Pl"OceSS, find manu/act/wing site Cbll1lgCJ), BACKGROUND T he concept of IVIVC, particularly for ER dmg products, has been extensively discussed by phannaccutital scientists. The ability to predi ct, accurately ,mel precisely, expected bioavailability charocteristil~ for an ER product from dissolution profi le characteristics is a long sought after goal. Several workshops and publications have provided information in support of this goal. These are discussed briefly as follows: o A report from a 1987 ASCPT/DWAPSI FDA-sponsored workshop entitled Rep011 of Ibe lorkshop 01/ CR Dos(fge Forllls: Ismes (Ind COlln~"mies (1987) indicated that the state of science and technology at that time did not pennir consistently meaningful rvlVC for ER dosage forill s and encouraged lVJVC as a future objective. Dissolution testing was considered useful only for process control, stability, minor fonnubrion changes, and manufacturing site changes.
Run time compression of image data in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Monitoring of target locations from a remote location is one of the important applications of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In such image-based WSN applications, resource-constrained sensor nodes need to capture, compress and transmit a large amount of data. However, the large size of the data and the high transmission rates associated with these applications cause rapid depletion of onboard power and increased congestion in the routing channels of the WSN. Together, these two effects cause the degradation of the performance and early death of wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, the performance improvement in WSNs through the implementation of hardware accelerated image compression is demonstrated.
Silicon-micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope (1998)

We describe a miniature scanning confocal optical microscope constructed from components micromachined using silicon and fused silica. The design, fabrication, and characterization of the components of the microscope as well as the assembly of the system are described. Sample images acquired using the instrument are also presented.
A non-data-aided algorithm based on ML for OFDM synchronization (2018)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is more sensitive to symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) than single-carrier signals, which requires more accurate synchronization algorithms. In this paper, the traditional ML synchronization algorithm is improved by accumulating multiple OFDM symbols, and joint estimation of symbol timing offset and carrier frequency offset is accomplished without data aiding. The simulation illustrates that the improved ML algorithm has a higher accuracy for STO estimation and a lower MSE for CFO estimation.
Tissue-specific and repeat length-dependent somatic instability of the X-linked dystonia parkinsonism-associated CCCTCT repeat (2022)

X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a progressive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposon in the TAF1 gene. The SVA retrotransposon contains a CCCTCT hexameric repeat tract of variable length, whose length is inversely correlated with age at onset. This places XDP in a broader class of repeat expansion diseases, characterized by the instability of their causative repeat mutations. Here, we observe similar inverse correlations between CCCTCT repeat length with age at onset and age at death and no obvious correlation with disease duration. To gain insight into repeat instability in XDP we performed comprehensive quantitative analyses of somatic instability of the XDP CCCTCT repeat in blood and in seventeen brain regions from affected males. Our findings reveal repeat length-dependent and expansion-based instability of the XDP CCCTCT repeat, with greater levels of expansion in brain than in blood. The brain exhibits regional-specific patterns of instability that are broadly similar across individuals, with cerebellum exhibiting low instability and cortical regions exhibiting relatively high instability. The spectrum of somatic instability in the brain includes a high proportion of moderate repeat length changes of up to 5 repeats, as well as expansions of ~ 20- > 100 repeats and contractions of ~ 20-40 repeats at lower frequencies. Comparison with HTT CAG repeat instability in postmortem Huntington's disease brains reveals similar brain region-specific profiles, indicating common trans-acting factors that contribute to the instability of both repeats. Analyses in XDP brains of expansion of a different SVA-associated CCCTCT located in the LIPG gene, and not known to be disease-associated, reveals repeat length-dependent expansion at overall lower levels relative to the XDP CCCTCT repeat, suggesting that expansion propensity may be modified by local chromatin structure. Together, the data support a role for repeat length-dependent somatic expansion in the process(es) driving the onset of XDP and prompt further investigation into repeat dynamics and the relationship to disease.
Closed-Form Analytic Solution of Cloud Dissipation for a Mixed-Layer Model (2017)

Abstract Stratocumulus clouds play an important role in climate cooling and are hard to predict using global climate and weather forecast models. Thus, previous studies in the literature use observations and numerical simulation tools, such as large-eddy simulation (LES), to solve the governing equations for the evolution of stratocumulus clouds. In contrast to the previous works, this work provides an analytic closed-form solution to the cloud thickness evolution of stratocumulus clouds in a mixed-layer model framework. With a focus on application over coastal lands, the diurnal cycle of cloud thickness and whether or not clouds dissipate are of particular interest. An analytic solution enables the sensitivity analysis of implicitly interdependent variables and extrema analysis of cloud variables that are hard to achieve using numerical solutions. In this work, the sensitivity of inversion height, cloud-base height, and cloud thickness with respect to initial and boundary conditions, such as Bowen ratio, subsidence, surface temperature, and initial inversion height, are studied. A critical initial cloud thickness value that can be dissipated pre- and postsunrise is provided. Furthermore, an extrema analysis is provided to obtain the minima and maxima of the inversion height and cloud thickness within 24 h. The proposed solution is validated against LES results under the same initial and boundary conditions.
Low Frequency Noise. What we know, what we do not know, and what we would like to know (2009)

The paper reviews perception of low frequency noise (LFN) and the responses of people to LFN. Sometimes, when there are complaints of LFN and its effects, a specific noise cannot be measured. The possibilities are considered for development of enhanced sensitivity, for alternative (non-aural) receptors at very low frequencies and for false perceptions. The way in which we measure LFN may contribute to the problems.