gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Estradiol-17/3 on the Induction of Gonadotropin Release by Electrical Stimulation of the Hypothalamus in Rhesus Monkeys1 (1977)

Serum LH and FSH were measured at 60, 30, and 0 min before, at 5, 15, and 30 min during, and at 10, 45, and 90 min after bilateral electrical stimulation (ES) of various hypothalamic regions in 12 unanesthetized ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. ES of the arcuate-ventromedial nuclei (medial basal hypothalamus; MBH) induced a prompt increase in serum LH that persisted throughout stimulation and returned to basal levels within 90 min thereafter. FSH was also released, but the release was slower and less dramatic than that of LH. Sham stimulation (0 μA) caused no change in serum gonadotropins. The amount of LH released after MBH-ES depended upon current strength (1.0 mA > 0.5 or 0.7 mA). Three sequential 30-min MBH-ES trials at 90-min intervals induced comparable LH responses and 3 h of continuous MBH-ES maintained elevated serum LH levels throughout the stimulation period, suggesting that these stimulation parameters did not completely deplete pituitary stores of releasable LH. The character of the LH response was similar in individual monkeys through 3 to 24 trials during 4 to 18 months. Comparisons were made of the effects of estradiol-17β (E2) treatment at different doses and for different intervals of time before MBH-ES. ES-induced LH release was not affected by low levels (25 and 55 pg/ml) of E2 for 48 h, but was reduced by higher E2 concentrations (100 or 230 pg/ml). E2 concentrations of 100 pg/ml had no effect at 24 h, but reduced MBH-ES-activated LH release at 48 to 96 h; the degree of depression was time-related (48 h < 72 h < 96 h). ES of the preoptic- suprachiasmatic region (rostral hypothalamus; RH) in non-E2-treated monkeys also released LH, but this increase was less than after MBH-ES. FSH release was not measurable after RH-ES. In contrast to the depressed LH response to MBH-ES after 48 h of E2 (100 pg/ml), the response to RH-ES was not inhibited by this E2 regimen. These data suggest that ES of an area extending caudally from the rostral hypothalamus to the arcuate-median eminence region will evoke LH release in rhesus monkeys. This electrically induced gonadotropin release was affected by administration of physiological levels of E2, but the nature of effect depended on the specific region stimulated: distinct inhibition of the gonadotropic response to MBH-ES and slight facilitation of the response to RH-ES. (Endocrinology100: 314, 1977)
Diffusion of Molecules in Ionic Liquids/Organic Solvent Mixtures. Example of the Reversible Reduction of O2 to Superoxide (2009)

Transport properties of molecules dissolved in room-temperature ionic liquids are highly sensitive to the charge carried by the molecule because of complex ion-ion interactions that could be tuned by addition of a cosolvent. In this connection, the one-electron reduction of oxygen was used as a probe system for studying the effects of the addition of a cosolvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) into a pure ionic liquid (triethylbutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) ([Et(3)BuN][NTf(2)]) on the diffusion of charged species versus neutral species. Experimental data about the diffusion coefficients of O(2) (D(O(2))) and O(2)(*-) (D(O)((2)(*-))) and their ratios (gamma = D(O)((2)(*-))/D(O(2))) were extracted using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in transient mode as a function of the DMF concentration. The ratio gamma and both of the diffusion coefficients D(O)((2))(*-) and D(O(2)) were found to increase exponentially with the DMF volume fractions following the same general tendency described for the viscosity. However, D(O)((2))(*-) varies on a much larger range than D(O)((2)) (around 1000 times more), and O(2)(*-) retains an almost "pure ionic" behavior for higher DMF fractions. All of these results support the occurrence of a sharp transformation in the bonding character of the RTIL cation upon addition of a molecular solvent, as predicted in recent theoretical simulations.
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SR-BI) Is Involved in Vitamin E Transport across the Enterocyte (2005)

Although cellular uptake of vitamin E was initially described as a passive process, recent studies in the liver and brain have shown that SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type I) is involved in this phenomenon. As SR-BI is expressed at high levels in the intestine, the present study addressed the involvement of SR-BI in vitamin E trafficking across enterocytes. Apical uptake and efflux of the main dietary forms of vitamin E were examined using Caco-2 TC-7 cell monolayers as a model of human intestinal epithelium. (R,R,R)-gamma-tocopherol bioavailability was compared between wild-type mice and mice overexpressing SR-BI in the intestine. The effect of vitamin E on enterocyte SR-BI mRNA levels was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Concentration-dependent curves for vitamin E uptake were similar for (R,R,R)-alpha-, (R,R,R)-gamma-, and dl-alpha-tocopherol. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol transport was dependent on incubation temperature, with a 60% reduction in absorption at 4 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C (p < 0.05). Vitamin E flux in enterocytes was directed from the apical to the basal side, with a relative 10-fold reduction in the transfer process when measured in the opposite direction (p < 0.05). Co-incubation with cholesterol, gamma-tocopherol, or lutein significantly impaired alpha-tocopherol absorption. Anti-human SR-BI antibodies and BLT1 (a chemical inhibitor of lipid transport via SR-BI) blocked up to 80% of vitamin E uptake and up to 30% of apical vitamin E efflux (p < 0.05), and similar results were obtained for (R,R,R)-gamma-tocopherol. SR-BI mRNA levels were not significantly modified after a 24-h incubation of Caco-2 cells with vitamin E. Finally, (R,R,R)-gamma-tocopherol bioavailability was 2.7-fold higher in mice overexpressing SR-BI than in wild-type mice (p < 0.05). The present data show for the first time that vitamin E intestinal absorption is, at least in part, mediated by SR-BI.
Recent Developments in the Theory of Supralattices (1996)

Regular 3D arrays of nanosize clusters can be synthesized in the cages of zeolite frameworks. Such nanocomposites are known as supralattices. The appeal to use zeolites mainly comes from the periodic nature of channels and cages in these structures. Alumino−silicate zeolite frameworks have wide electronic bandgaps and are transparent, which opens up the possibility of forming new guest electronic states within the gap. Revolutionary developments in methods of electronic structure theory make possible the quantitative investigation of such complex systems as supralattices. We discuss recent advances in theoretical methods based on the electronic structure theory and describe several recent applications of these techniques to supralattices. Theory can help answer questions as to what kind of guests are appropriate for a given host and what are the energetics and dynamics of the cluster formation in the zeolite cages. Optical, magnetic, and thermal properties of the resulting composite can now, in some cases, be predicted. As examples, we discuss alkali metals in Si clathrates, sodium−sodalite, zeolite Na-Y, and silicon clusters in silica−sodalite. We emphasize the fundamental aspects of these problems.
Measurement of blood vessel characteristics for disease detection based on cone-beam CT images (1996)

Presents a method of measurement of blood vessel characteristics for disease detection based on cone-beam CT images. The important objective here is to show how representation of blood vessel morphology can lead to feature measurement and identification of abnormal regions. The authors represent the blood vessel surface through curvatures and then measure the surface characteristics that emphasize disease such as aneurysm and stenosis. From results of an application to a patient's abdominal blood vessels containing two aneurysms and one stenosis, the authors show the feasibility of their method to direct the physician's attention to the location of the abnormality.
Identification of features in indexed data and equipment therefore (2023)

Embodiments of the present invention provide methods of identifying a feature in an indexed dataset. Such embodiments encompass selecting an initial subset of indices, the initial subset of indices being encompassed by an initial window-of-interest and comprising at least one beginning index and at least one ending index; computing an intensity weighted measure of dispersion for the subset of indices using a subset of responses corresponding to the subset of indices; and comparing the intensity weighted measure of dispersion to a dispersion critical value determined from an expected value of the intensity weighted measure of dispersion under a null hypothesis of no transient feature present. Embodiments of the present invention also encompass equipment configured to perform the methods of the present invention.
On efficient wear leveling for large-scale flash-memory storage systems (2007)

Flash memory won its edge over many other storage media for embedded systems, because it provides better tolerance to the extreme environments which embedded systems are exposed to. In this paper, techniques referred to as wear leveling for the lengthening of flash-memory overall lifespan are considered. This paper presents the dual-pool algorithm, which realizes two key ideas: To cease the wearing of blocks by storing cold data, and to smartly leave alone blocks until wear leveling takes effect. The proposed algorithm requires no complicated tuning, and it resists changes of spatial locality in workloads. Extensive evaluation and comparison were conducted, and the merits of the proposed algorithm are justified in terms of wear-leveling performance and resource conservation.
Caspase inhibition increases survival of neural stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract (2005)

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising tool for the restoration of the enteric nervous system in a variety of motility disorders. Post-transplant survival represents a critical limiting factor for successful repopulation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of both immunological as well as non-immune-mediated mechanisms on post-transplant survival of NSC in the gut. Mouse CNS-derived NSC (CNS-NSC) were transplanted into the pylorus of recipient mice with and without the addition of a caspase-1 inhibitor (Ac-YVAD-cmk) in the injection media. In a separate experiment, CNS-NSC were transplanted in the pylorus of mice that were immunosuppressed by administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). Apoptosis and proliferation of the implanted cells was assessed 1 and 7 days post-transplantation. Survival was assessed 1 week post-transplantation. The degree of immunoresponse was also measured. The addition of a caspase-1 inhibitor significantly reduced apoptosis, increased proliferation and enhanced survival of CNS-NSC. CsA-treatment did not result in improved survival. Our results indicate that caspase-1 inhibition, but not immunosuppression, improves survival of CNS-NSC in the gut. Pre-treatment with a caspase-1 inhibitor may be a practical method to enhance the ability of transplanted CNS-NSC to survive in their new environment.
Lichen planus: study with anti-human T lymphocyte antigen (anti-HTLA) serum on frozen tissue sections (1978)

The lymphocytic infiltrate of lichen planus was studied by the identification of the human T lymphocyte antigen in frozen tissue sections using specific anti-human T lymphocytes antigen antiserum. The infiltrate was shown to be composed principally of T lymphocytes.
On synthesizing circuits with implicit testability constraints (2002)

The goal of test synthesis is to create a circuit which is completely testable under a design-for-test (DFT) methodology while meeting performance and area requirements. It includes such steps as testability design rule checking and automated repair of identified violations. Potential violations include clock and asynchronous circuitry which do not operate in a manner consistent with the chosen methodology and tools. Repair is performed by transforming the network through the insertion of additional logic to perform test functions (a scan chain, for example) and mapping this logic into the implementation technology, without affecting the original, system mode operation of the network. This paper discusses the concept of test synthesis constraints which embody the conditions under which the circuit must operate in order to be fully testable. Based on the constraints, the circuit is transformed using algorithms similar to those of automatic test pattern generation. Rather than adding entirely new hardware, existing system logic and connectivity is used to implement test functions wherever possible. Results produced by a prototype implementation indicate that test logic can be inserted into a network with very little performance or area overhead.
Photo-, cathodo-, and electroluminescence from erbium and oxygen co-implanted GaN (1997)

Efficient Er-related photo-, cathodo-, and electroluminescence at 1539 nm was detected from Er and O co-implanted n-type GaN on sapphire substrates. Several combinations of Er and O implants and postimplant annealing conditions were studied. The Er doses were in the range (0.01–5)×1015 ions/cm2 and O doses (0.1–1)×1016 ions/cm2. GaN films implanted with 2×1015 Er2+/cm2 at 350 keV and co-implanted with 1016 O+/cm2 at 80 keV yielded the strongest photoluminescence intensity at 1539 nm. The annealing condition yielding the strongest Er-related photoluminescence intensity was a single anneal at 800 °C (45 min) or at 900 °C (30 min) in flowing NH3. The optimum O:Er ratio was found to be between 5:1 and 10:1. Co-implanting the GaN:Er films with F was also found to optically activate the Er, with slightly (20%) less photoluminescence intensity at 1539 nm compared to equivalent GaN:Er,O films. The Er-related luminescence lifetime at 1539 nm was found to depend on the excitation mechanism. Luminescence lifetimes as long as 2.95±0.15 ms were measured at 77 K under direct excitation with an InGaAs laser diode at 983 nm. At room temperature the luminescence lifetimes were 2.35±0.12, 2.15±0.11, and 1.74±0.08 ms using below-band-gap excitation, above-band-gap excitation, and impact excitation (reverse biased light emitting diode), respectively. The cross sections for Er in GaN were estimated to be 4.8×10−21 cm2 for direct optical excitation at 983 nm and 4.8×10−16 cm2 for impact excitation. The cross-section values are believed to be within a factor of 2–4.
Phase I Multicenter Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin for Steroid Refractory Acute Graft-Vs.-Host Disease (GVHD) (2016)

Outcomes for patients with steroid-refractory acute GVHD remain poor with no standard therapeutic approach. Pre-clinical data demonstrate increased CD30 expression on activated CD8+ T-cells at diagnosis of acute GVHD. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an antibody-drug conjugate comprised of an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody linked to MMAE (mono-methyl aurastatin E). We hypothesized that targeting CD30+/CD8+ T cells could lead to control of steroid-refractory acute GVHD. The primary endpoint of this multicenter phase I trial is to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BV for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD. A 3+3 cohort design was conducted initially with BV given weekly x 3 doses followed by maintenance dosing with a DLT period of 4 weeks (initial dose 0.6 mg/kg IV weekly). After the first 6 patients, the trial was revised to escalating cohorts of 5 patients treated every 2 weeks x 4 doses with a DLT period of 8 weeks. The revised initial starting dose was 0.6 mg/kg IV given every 2 weeks, with planned dose escalation to 0.8 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg. A total of 24 patients have been treated at four centers. Eighteen patients had progressive acute GVHD on initial corticosteroid therapy, while six patients experienced a flare of symptoms upon tapering of steroids. Six patients were treated with the initial weekly dosing scheme and two of these patients died from complications of neutropenic sepsis. Eighteen patients were treated with every two week dosing (n=10 at 0.6 mg/kg and n=8 at 0.8 mg/kg). The MTD was defined at 0.8 mg/kg with one DLT being observed (neutropenia). Other attributable adverse events included thrombocytopenia (grade 3, n=1), fatigue (grade 3, n=1) and ileus (grade 3, n=1). At day 28, the overall response rate was 37.5% (9 of 24 patients) with 3 complete responses (CR, 12.5%) and 6 very good partial responses (VGPR, 25%). Another 4 patients had stable disease and remained on trial with one each achieving CR and VGPR after day 28. Nine of 24 patients are currently alive with a median follow-up of 12.9 months (range, 4.7-31.5 months). Analysis of free MMAE levels showed lack of clearance with weekly dosing and this was thought to contribute to the observed cases of neutropenia. With every other week dosing, there was no significant accumulation of free MMAE. Brentuximab vedotin given at 0.8 mg/kg IV every two weeks x 4 doses was established as the MTD. BV is tolerable and has promising activity in steroid-refractory acute GVHD. An additional 10 patients will be treated at the MTD and ongoing analysis is investigating if CD30 expression on lymphocyte subsets or soluble CD30 levels are associated with response.
Impaired T-cell and antibody immunity after COVID-19 infection in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients (2021)

Assessment of T-cell immunity to the COVID-19 coronavirus requires reliable assays and is of great interest, given the uncertain longevity of the antibody response. Some recent reports have used immunodominant spike (S) antigenic peptides and anti-CD28 co-stimulation in varying combinations to assess T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These assays may cause T-cell hyperstimulation and could overestimate antiviral immunity in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients, who are predisposed to infections and vaccination failures. Here, we evaluate CD154-expressing T-cells induced by unselected S antigenic peptides in 204 subjects-103 COVID-19 patients and 101 healthy unexposed subjects. Subjects included 72 transplanted and 130 non-transplanted subjects. S-reactive CD154+T-cells co-express and can thus substitute for IFNγ (n=3). Assay reproducibility in a variety of conditions was acceptable with coefficient of variation of 2-10.6%. S-reactive CD154+T-cell frequencies were a) higher in 42 healthy unexposed transplant recipients who were sampled pre-pandemic, compared with 59 healthy non-transplanted subjects (p=0.02), b) lower in Tr COVID-19 patients compared with healthy transplant patients (p<0.0001), c) lower in Tr patients with severe COVID-19 (p<0.0001), or COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (p<0.05), compared with healthy Tr recipients. S-reactive T-cells were not significantly different between the various COVID-19 disease categories in NT recipients. Among transplant recipients with COVID-19, cytomegalovirus co-infection occurred in 34%; further, CMV-specific T-cells (p<0.001) and incidence of anti-receptor-binding-domain IgG (p=0.011) were lower compared with non-transplanted COVID-19 patients. Healthy unexposed transplant recipients exhibit pre-existing T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 infection leads to impaired T-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and increased risk of CMV co-infection in transplant recipients.
[False anastomotic iliac aneurysms. How to detect them?]. (1992)

We report about 5 iliac anastomotic false aneurysms that occurred in 4 patients 8 to 21 years (average 15.5 years) after aortoiliac prosthetic reconstruction. The diagnosis was not established at once because of atypical clinical signs, in spite of the constant presence of an abdominal pulsating mass. All patients were operated by portal excision and graft replacement. One patient, who had presented with a hypovolemic collapse due to an acute rupture, died. The incidence of iliac false aneurysms after aortoiliac reconstructions is underestimated because the clinical surveillance is not reliable. The analysis of the explorations that were proposed led to prefer computed tomography to ultrasonography and angiography. The period of occurrence of iliac false aneurysms ranges between 6 to 10 years in average after the first operation. We therefore propose to perform a systematic follow-up CT examination on the 5th postoperative year, then every 5 years, and to operate the iliac false aneurysms as soon as their diagnosis is made.
Low-Dose Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A for Axillary Hyperhidrosis (2005)

Short- and long-term results show that doses of 100 and 200 U of botulinum toxin A are equally safe and effective. However, because of cost considerations and possible adverse effects, the lower dose is preferable for treating axillary hyperhidrosis.
Study of CZTS Nano-powder Synthesis by Hot Injection Method by Variation of Cu and Zn Concentrations (2016)

Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) nano-powders were synthesized by solution based method in oleylamine at 215oC, 225oC and 235oC using copper pentane2, 4-dionate, zinc acetate, tin (II) chloride and elemental sulphur as precursors. The influence of initial Cu/ (Zn + Sn) concentration ratio (from 0.82 to 0.33) on the morphology, phase composition and elemental composition of nano-powders was studied. It was found that the average size of colloidal nano-particles of CZTS nano-powders increased from 20 nm to 10 μm with decreasing initial Cu/ (Zn + Sn) concentration ratio at every used synthesis temperature. The elemental composition of the formed nano-powders was compatible to near-stoichiometric CZTS if initial Cu/ (Zn + Sn) concentration ratios were 0.82 and 0.74. Higher initial zinc concentration i.e. higher chemical potential at specific temperature reduces the final tin concentration component in the colloidal nano-powders.
Impact of substrate stiffness and hypoxia on endothelial spreading and contratility (2012)

Hypoxia is known to promote proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and facilitate angiogenesis to restore a functional vasculature. However, conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis and scleroderma that result in an increase in tissue stiffness may impair endothelial function and inhibit angiogenesis. Little, however, is known about the sensitivity of lung microvascular endothelial cells to substrate stiffness. Here we show that in contrast to aortic endothelial cells that spread more on stiff substrates, human microvascular endothelial cells from the lung (HMVEC‐L) spread more and proliferate better on softer versus stiffer substrates (0.5 mg/ml compared to 1.5mg/ml type I collagen) in three‐dimensional collagen gels. We also show that HMVEC‐L contractility, the ability of the cells to generate force, in both soft and stiff gels was significantly facilitated by hypoxic conditions (3% O 2 ), as evidenced by gel‐contraction assays. The contractile phenotype is not due to an increase in proliferation as the cell number in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions were similar after 48 hrs. We propose that hypoxia‐induced increase in endothelial contractility contributes to the angiogenic response to hypoxic conditions but that it might be compromised by an increase in tissue stiffness. Supported by T32 HL 82547‐5, HL083298,