gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene glycol marker measured with NIRS gives a reliable estimate of the rangeland intake of grazing sheep (2015)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) measured with NIRS is known to be a valuable faecal marker when used in indoor experiments. In order to verify whether it can be used at pasture, an experiment was conducted with two trials. In trial 1, six Romane breed adult dry ewes placed in metabolism cages were fed daily with natural, freshly cut rangeland from a fertilised or unfertilised paddock for 6 weeks. Three ewes did not receive PEG and the three others were dosed with 10 g of PEG in solution form once daily until the end of the experiment to measure in vivo dry matter digestibility and PEG recovery rate for each forage quality. At the same time (trial 2), 15 ewe lambs and 14 lactating adult ewes suckling one or two lambs were allowed to graze together on the same herbage as that cut for indoor ewes. All animals were initially equipped with faecal bags emptied twice daily for collecting total faeces, and eight ewe lambs and seven adults were dosed once daily with 10 g of PEG. Faecal grab samples were collected for 4 to 5 days for each forage quality grazed. Indoor trial 1 showed that PEG had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI) or on digestibility. PEG recovery rates measured on fertilised (77.7%) and unfertilised (82.1%) forage were not different (P>0.05). PEG recovery rates measured at pasture did not differ (P>0.05) between pasture quality and animal type with an average value of 68.9%. Faecal output measured with bags or estimated with PEG and calculated DMI were not different (P>0.05) when PEG recovery rate measured at pasture was used. Conversely, using indoor PEG recovery values, significantly (P<0.05) or tended to overestimate faecal output. In conclusion, PEG could be used as a faecal marker administered at a minimal dose of 1% of DMI with a recovery rate measured under pasture conditions for pasture intake measurements on a group of animals at the same physiological stage but not for individual measurements.
The Dynamic Transition of Persistence toward the Viable but Nonculturable State during Stationary Phase Is Driven by Protein Aggregation (2021)

Decades of research into bacterial persistence has been unable to fully characterize this antibiotic-tolerant phenotype, thereby hampering the development of therapies effective against chronic infections. Although some active persister mechanisms have been identified, the prevailing view is that cells become persistent because they enter a dormant state. We therefore characterized starvation-induced dormancy in Escherichia coli. Our findings indicate that dormancy develops gradually; persistence strongly increases during stationary phase and decreases again as persisters enter the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. Importantly, we show that dormancy development is tightly associated with progressive protein aggregation, which occurs concomitantly with ATP depletion during starvation. Persisters contain protein aggregates in an early developmental stage, while VBNC cells carry more mature aggregates. Finally, we show that at least one persister protein, ObgE, works by triggering aggregation, even at endogenous levels, and thereby changing the dynamics of persistence and dormancy development. These findings provide evidence for a genetically controlled, gradual development of persisters and VBNC cells through protein aggregation. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> While persistence and the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state are currently investigated in isolation, our results strongly indicate that these phenotypes represent different stages of the same dormancy program and that they should therefore be studied within the same conceptual framework. Moreover, we show here for the first time that the dynamics of protein aggregation perfectly match the onset and further development of bacterial dormancy and that different dormant phenotypes are linked to different stages of protein aggregation. Our results thereby strongly hint at a causal relationship between both. Because many conditions known to trigger persistence are also known to influence aggregation, it is tempting to speculate that a variety of different persister pathways converge at the level of protein aggregation. If so, aggregation could emerge as a general principle that underlies the development of persistence which could be exploited for the design of antipersister therapies.
Assessment of cutaneous innervation by skin biopsies (2001)

Skin biopsies that are immunostained to identify nerve fibers provide a new tool for assessing the small caliber nociceptors that terminate in the epidermis, as well as other cutaneous nerve fibers. Skin biopsies can be performed in multiple sites and can be repeated over time, so that a spatiotemporal profile of epidermal innervation can be constructed. This approach may help assess the progression of fiber loss in disease and of regeneration and re-innervation with treatment.
Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Ordered Silicon Boron Carbon Nitride (2007)

International audience
Handbuch der Schiffsbetriebstechnik (1972)

Maeinheiten und Bezeichnungen werden z.Z. in der Schiffstechnik von rtlich berlieferten auf einheitliche internationale Vereinbarungen umgestellt, z.B. soll das internationale MKS-System das bisher bliche technische Masystem ablsen. In der Schiffstechnik hat sich die Umstellung erst auf einigen Gebieten durchgesetzt -
Design, Implementation and Operation of a Sparse Aperture Imaging Satellite Testbed (2002)

In order to better understand the technological difficulties involved in designing and building a sparse aperture array, the challenge of building a white light Golay-3 telescope was undertaken. The MIT Adaptive Reconnaissance Golay-3 Optical Satellite (ARGOS) project exploits wide-angle Fizeau interferometer technology with an emphasis on modularity in the optics and spacecraft subsystems. Unique design procedures encompassing the nature of coherent wavefront sensing, control and combining as well as various system engineering aspects to achieve cost effectiveness, are developed. To demonstrate a complete spacecraft in a 1-g environment, the ARGOS system is mounted on a frictionless air-bearing, and has the ability to track fast orbiting satellites like the ISS or the planets. Wavefront sensing techniques are explored to mitigate initial misalignment and to feed back real-time aberrations into the optical control loop. This paper presents the results and the lessons learned from the conceive, design, implement and operate phases of ARGOS. A preliminary assessment shows that the beam combining problem is the most challenging aspect of sparse optical arrays. The need for optical control is paramount due to tight beam combining tolerances. The wavefront sensing/control requirements appear to be a major technology and cost driver.
Depthing with Multi-well Constrained Depth Imaging – Onshore Case Study in Kuwait (2012)

In this paper, we present a case study of application of Multi-well-Constrained Depth Imaging (MWCDI) and depthing workflow to a land 3D data set in Kuwait. The MWCDI results are compared to the earlier PSDM results with limited well constraints. The comparison shows that MWCDI resulted in significantly better structural definition, better well ties, and more focused image of target zones. It is also significant that the blind and new well ties are very close match to actual well data providing confidence to interpreters to use the MWCDI volume directly for depth interpretation
Discovery of a Novel Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase (NAMPT) Inhibitor <i>via</i> <i>in Silico</i> Screening (2013)

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is a key enzyme in the salvage pathway of mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, catalyzing the synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide from nicotinamide (Nam). The diverse functions of NAD suggest that NAMPT inhibitors are potential drug candidates as anticancer agents, immunomodulators, or other agents. However, difficulty in conducting high-throughput NAMPT assay with good sensitivity has hampered the discovery of novel anti-NAMPT drugs with improved profiles. We combined an in silico screening strategy with a radioisotope (RI)-based enzyme assay and rationally identified promising NAMPT inhibitors with novel structures. AS1604498 was the most potent inhibitor, with an IC50 of 44 nM, and inhibited THP-1 and K562 cell line growth with the IC50 of 198 nM and 673 nM, respectively. The mode of action was found to reduce intracellular NAD following apoptosis, suggesting that these compounds inhibit NAMPT in cell-based assay. This strategy can be used to discover new drug candidates with targets which are difficult to assess through high-throughput screening. Our hit compounds may be used as seed compounds for developing new therapeutics with NAMPT.
Human albumin attenuates Mincle-associated early neuroinflammatory injury in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats (2017)

Objective
To investigate the protective role of human serum albumin in treatment of monocyte-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle)-associated neuroinflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rats and its underlying mechanisms.


Methods
Vascular perforation model was used to induce SAH. Ninety-two male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham (n=23), vehicle (n=23), low-dose albumin (0.63 g/kg, n=23) and high-dose albumin (1.25 g/kg, n=23) groups. Saline and albumin were intravenously injected into rats two hours after surgery. Modified Garcia scale was employed to assess neurological functions. Iba-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining was used to examine the activation of microglial cells and infiltration of neutrophils. Real-time PCR was applied to determine the changes of IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, CD11b, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and CXC motif chemokine ligand-2 mRNA levels. Co-immunoprecipitation was conducted to assess the binding ability of albumin with Mincle. Immunoblotting was carried out to evaluate protein levels of Minlce, Syk and p-Syk. SAH severity measurement was performed before conductions of all the experiments.


Results
SAH severity scores were 11.4±1.6, 12.8±2.5 and 11.2±3.2 in the vehicle, low-dose albumin and high-dose albumin groups, respectively, without statistically significant difference among groups (F=0.694, P=0.516). Neurological score was 7.5±2.9 in the vehicle group, while the low-dose albumin (14.6±2.2) and high-dose albumin groups (13.6±2.7) exhibited better neurological perfomance (P<0.01). Immunostaining showed that albumin significantly inhibited the activation of microglia, and reduced the percentage of MPO positive cells from 20.7%±1.9% in the vehicle group to 12.1%±2.1% in the low-dose albumin group and 9.8%±0.9% in the high-dose albumin group (F=32.216, P=0.001). mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors were also suppressed by albumin (P<0.05). The results of co-immunoprecipitation displayed that albumin could directly bind Mincle and disrupt the association between Mincle and SAP130. Immunoblotting demonstrated that albumin depressed the protein levels of Mincle, Syk and p-Syk.


Conclusion
Human serum albumin can inhibit Mincle/Syk-induced neuroinflammation via directly binding Mincle receptor in SAH rats.


Key words: 
Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Albumins; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection
A New Architecture for an Automatic Generation of Fast Pipelined Adders (1991)

This paper describes a compact VLSI implementation of fast pipelined adders. A new architecture is presented. Although the speed achieved is lineary proportionnai to o(n), it is faster than if it would be proportional to o(logn) (n equals to the number of bits). A new design strategy has been used to speed up the algorithm. In addition, the whole set of blocks has been designed in order to allow an automatic generation of any size of adders.
Influence of Iron in the Nucleation of ⟨c⟩ Component Dislocation Loops in Irradiated Zircaloy-4 (1996)

Under irradiation, the acceleration of growth of nuclear reactor components made of Zircaloy is clearly correlated to the presence of ⟨c⟩ component dislocation loops. In the early stages, these loops appear to be essentially located close to the intermetallic precipitates. At higher doses, when ⟨c⟩ component dislocation loops are observed all over the microstructure, analysis of the Zr matrix reveals an homogeneous iron content due to the dissolution of the precipitates. Thus, iron may play a significant role in the nucleation of ⟨c⟩ component dislocation loops. A specific study has been performed on Zircaloy thin foils implanted with increasing amounts of iron. The conditions of nucleation and growth of these ⟨c⟩ component dislocation loops have been followed in a 1-MeV transmission electron microscope. The dose level for ⟨c⟩ component dislocation loop nucleation is weakly Fe-content dependent. However, their size and density increase with increasing iron implantation. These results are compared to direct observations made on irradiated reactor components. The role of iron on accelerated growth is then discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN VON ANTHERIDIOL (1972)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des Aldehyds (I) mit dem Carbanion (II) bei ‐70°C in Tetrahydrofuran ergibt in 40%iger Ausbeute das Addukt (IIIa), das mit verd. Salzsäure in Methanol zu einem Epimerengemisch von Antheridiol (IIIb) hydrolysiert wird.
Formation of periodic nanostructures induced by circularly-polarized femtosecond laser (2021)

Periodic nanostructures induced by circularly-polarized femtosecond laser were investigated. The structure shape changed from spiral to dots structures with increasing the pulse number. The period of the dots-structures was approximately 150 nm which is almost 1/7 of the laser wavelength.
Clearance in Smaller Airways of Inhaled 6-μm Particles in Subjects with Immotile-Cilia Syndrome (1995)

In subjects with an inherited lack of mucociliary transport, so called immotile-cilia syndrome (ICS), coughing effectively clears particles deposited in larger airways of the tracheobronchial region. The present study investigated clearance in smaller airways of 111In-labeled 6-microm (aerodynamic diameter) monodisperse Teflon particles in six subjects with ICS. The particles were inhaled at an extremely slow flow, 0.05 L/s. Theoretical calculations and experimental data in healthy subjects using this slow flow support particle deposition mainly in smaller ciliated airways, i.e., in bronchioli (generations 12-16). This contrasts with the more centrally deposited pattern obtained using a normal inhalation flow, 0.5 L/s. Lung retention was measured at 0, 24, 48,72 and 96 h. Clearance was significant every 24 h measured over the first 72 h, whereupon it slowed down. The fractions of retained particles were significantly (p < .01) larger than those found for healthy subjects using the slow inhalation flow and those found for ICS subjects using a normal inhalation flow. The results indicate that clearance of particles in smaller airways is incomplete and that cough cannot fully compensate for the lack of mucociliary transport in this region.
Abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics during exercise is associated with exercise capacity in COPD (2022)

Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication in COPD and it is associated with decreased exercise capacity and poor prognosis. We hypothesized that even in COPD patients without significant PH at rest, abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics during exercise affect exercise capacity. Methods Consecutive COPD patients with clinically indicated right heart catheterization and resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) &lt; 25mmHg and age- and sex-matched controls without chronic lung disease who underwent clinical work-up including invasive hemodynamic assessment during exercise were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences between groups for categorical data and Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney-U-tests for continuous variables. Associations were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation tests. Results We included n=26 COPD patients (female/male: 16/10, 66±11yr, FEV1: 56±25 %predicted) and n=26 matched controls (FEV1: 96±22 %predicted). At rest, COPD patients presented with slightly increased mPAP (21 (18-23) vs. 17 (14-20) mmHg, p=0.022), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (2.5 (1.9-3.0) vs. 1.9 (1.5-2.4) WU, p=0.020) as compared to controls. During exercise, COPD patients reached significantly higher mPAP (47 (40-52) vs. 38 (32-44) mmHg, p=0.015) and PVR (3.1 (2.2-3.7) vs. 1.7 (1.1-2.9) WU, p=0.028) values despite lower peak exercise level (50 (50-75) vs. 100 (75-125) Watt, p=0.002). The mPAP/cardiac output slope was increased in COPD vs. controls (6.9 (5.5-10.9) vs. 3.7 (2.4-7.4) mmHg/L/min, p=0.007) and negatively correlated with both peak oxygen uptake (r=-0.46, p=0.007) and 6-minute walk distance (r=-0.46, p=0.001). Conclusion Even in the absence of significant PH at rest, COPD patients reveal characteristic abnormalities in pulmonary hemodynamics during exercise, which may represent an important exercise-limiting factor.
Broad Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Activity Exacerbates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inadvertent Downregulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α and Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor-α (2013)

Both Nox2 and Nox4 contribute to the increase in reactive oxidative species and injury by I/R. However, low levels of reactive oxidative species produced by either Nox2 or Nox4 regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, thereby protecting the heart against I/R, suggesting that Noxs also act as a physiological sensor for myocardial adaptation.
Induction of HLA-DR antigen expression in human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro by recombinant gamma-interferon. (1986)

Recent studies suggest that HLA-DR antigens may be inducible in some normal epithelial cells. Therefore, we studied the expression of these molecules in epithelial cell cultures derived from 9 proliferative and 7 secretory endometria with and without treatment by recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). A panel of monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR antigens, T cells, B cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and cytokeratin was used to stain the cultured cells by the avidin-biotin complex method. The cultures consisted only of epithelial cells as demonstrated by expression of cytokeratin and by electron microscopy and did not contain any T or B cells, macrophages, or endothelial cells. The endometrial epithelial cells were HLA-DR-negative under routine culture conditions but expressed HLA-DR antigens after gamma-IFN treatment in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The findings indicate that endometrial epithelium can actively synthesize HLA-DR antigens in vitro after induction by gamma-IFN.
Sampling in transform domain for improved QoE of 3D frame-compatible video coding (2013)

3D frame-compatible formats are considered a promising solution to 3D distribution due to their compatibility to existing systems. However, since sub-sampling is applied in order to pack the left and right views into a single frame, the Quality of Experience (QoE) has been a major concern. Existing methods in the related literature make use of low-pass filtering to halve the original samples, leaving room for further QoE improvement. In this paper, the sub-sampling is performed in the transform domain and designed to coincide with the H. 264/AVC coding structure. The methodology compensates for the fact that sub-sampling tends to truncate the same information as the encoder quantization. In this way, the QoE degradation additionally caused by the sub-sampling is minimized. Experimental results show a significant improvement over competing methods, roughly 2.5dB higher and 75% BD-rate reduction on average. In addition, the evaluation criterion is also discussed by taking into account the impacts of sampling and coding process.
Noninvasive skin tightening: focus on new ultrasound techniques (2015)

Microfocused ultrasound (MFU) has been recently developed to meet the ever-growing public demand for achieving significant, noninvasive skin lifting and tightening. MFU can be focused on subcutaneous tissue where the temperature briefly reaches greater than 60°C, producing small (<1 mm(3)) thermal coagulation points to a depth of up to 5 mm within the mid-to-deep reticular layer of the dermis and subdermis. The intervening papillary dermal and epidermal layers of skin remain unaffected. The application of heat at these discrete thermal coagulation points causes collagen fibers in the facial planes such as the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and platysma, as well as the deep reticular dermis, to become denatured, contracting and stimulating de novo collagen. A commercially available device combines MFU with high-resolution ultrasound imaging (MFU-V), which enables visualization of tissue planes to a depth of 8 mm and allows the user to see where the MFU energy will be applied (Ultherapy(®); Ulthera Inc., Mesa, AZ, USA). Using different transducers, MFU-V treatment can be customized to meet the unique physical characteristics of each patient by adjusting energy and focal depth of the emitted ultrasound. By targeting the facial superficial musculoaponeurotic system, noninvasive tightening and lifting of sagging facial and neck skin and improvements in the appearance of wrinkles can be achieved. MFU-V can also improve lines and wrinkles of the décolleté. Treatment protocols for the use of MFU-V continue to be refined, and its use in combination with other rejuvenation techniques has been demonstrated. Brief discomfort that often occurs during treatment can be minimized with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other treatment-related adverse events include transient erythema, edema, and occasional bruising. MFU-V is best suited for patients with mild-to-moderate skin and soft tissue laxity. For older patients with severe skin laxity and marked platysmal banding, surgical treatment should be considered.
Efficient architecture and hardware implementation of the Whirlpool hash function (2004)

The latest cryptographical applications demand both high speed and high security. In this paper, an architecture and VLSI implementation of the newest powerful standard in the hash families, Whirlpool, is presented. It reduces the required hardware resources and achieves high-speed performance. The architecture permits a wide variety of implementation tradeoffs. The implementation is examined and compared in the security level and in the performance by using hardware terms. This is the first Whirlpool implementation allowing fast execution, and effective substitution of any previous hash families' implementations such as MD5, RIPEMD-160, SHA-1. SHA-2 etc, in any cryptography application.
Effects of the La/W ratio and doping on the structure, defect structure, stability and functional properties of proton-conducting lanthanum tungstate La28−xW4+xO54+δ. A review (2014)

The structural and functional properties of proton conducting lanthanum tungstate La<sub>28−x</sub>W<sub>4+x</sub>O<sub>54+3x/2</sub> (<italic>x</italic> ∼ 1) are reviewed.