gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-kit as a target in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. (2005)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a difficult disease to treat. Novel treatment strategies, including molecular targeted therapy, are currently being explored. The c-kit receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for AML. The receptor is expressed on more than 10% of blasts in 64% of de novo AMLs and 95% of relapsed AMLs. C-kit mediates proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects in AML. This review will discuss the biology of c-kit in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and the recent clinical trials targeting c-kit in AML.
mTORC1 loss impairs epidermal adhesion via TGF-β/Rho kinase activation (2017)

Despite its central position in oncogenic intracellular signaling networks, the role of mTORC1 in epithelial development has not been studied extensively in vivo. Here, we have used the epidermis as a model system to elucidate the cellular effects and signaling feedback sequelae of mTORC1 loss of function in epithelial tissue. In mice with conditional epidermal loss of the mTORC1 components Rheb or Rptor, mTORC1 loss of function unexpectedly resulted in a profound skin barrier defect with epidermal abrasions, blistering, and early postnatal lethality, due to a thinned epidermis with decreased desmosomal protein expression and incomplete biochemical differentiation. In mice with mTORC1 loss of function, we found that Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling was constitutively activated, resulting in increased cytoskeletal tension and impaired cell-cell adhesion. Inhibition or silencing of ROCK1 was sufficient to rescue keratinocyte adhesion and biochemical differentiation in these mice. mTORC1 loss of function also resulted in marked feedback upregulation of upstream TGF-β signaling, triggering ROCK activity and its downstream effects on desmosomal gene expression. These findings elucidate a role for mTORC1 in the regulation of epithelial barrier formation, cytoskeletal tension, and cell adhesion, underscoring the complexity of signaling feedback following mTORC1 inhibition.
Identification of a Distal GLUT4 Trafficking Event Controlled by Actin Polymerization (2009)

The insulin-stimulated trafficking of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in muscle and fat tissue constitutes a central process in blood glucose homeostasis. The tethering, docking, and fusion of GLUT4 vesicles with the plasma membrane (PM) represent the most distal steps in this pathway and have been recently shown to be key targets of insulin action. However, it remains unclear how insulin influences these processes to promote the insertion of the glucose transporter into the PM. In this study we have identified a previously uncharacterized role for cortical actin in the distal trafficking of GLUT4. Using high-frequency total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) imaging, we show that insulin increases actin polymerization near the PM and that disruption of this process inhibited GLUT4 exocytosis. Using TIRFM in combination with probes that could distinguish between vesicle transport and fusion, we found that defective actin remodeling was accompanied by normal insulin-regulated accumulation of GLUT4 vesicles close to the PM, but the final exocytotic fusion step was impaired. These data clearly resolve multiple steps of the final stages of GLUT4 trafficking, demonstrating a crucial role for actin in the final stage of this process.
Cerebral aging: integration of brain and behavioral models of cognitive function (2001)

There are substantial declines in behavioral measures of cognitive function with age, including decreased function of executive processes and long-term memory. There is also evidence that, with age, there is a decrease in brain volume, particularly in the frontal cortex. When young and older adults perform cognitive tasks that depend heavily on frontal function, neuroimaging evidence indicates that older adults recruit additional brain regions in order to perform the tasks. This additional neural recruitment is termed "dedifferentiation," and can take multiple forms. This recruitment of additional neural tissue with age to perform cognitive tasks was not reflected in the behavioral literature, and suggests that there is more plasticity in the ability to organize brain function than was previously suspected. We review both behavioral and neuroscience perspectives on cognitive aging, and then connect the findings in the two areas. From this integration, we suggest important unresolved questions and directions for future research.
Insights on Modelling Physiological, Appraisal, and Affective Indicators of Stress using Audio Features (2022)

Stress is a major threat to well-being that manifests in a variety of physiological and mental symptoms. Utilising speech samples collected while the subject is undergoing an induced stress episode has recently shown promising results for the automatic characterisation of individual stress responses. In this work, we introduce new findings that shed light onto whether speech signals are suited to model physiological biomarkers, as obtained via cortisol measurements, or self-assessed appraisal and affect measurements. Our results show that different indicators impact acoustic features in a diverse way, but that their complimentary information can nevertheless be effectively harnessed by a multi-tasking architecture to improve prediction performance for all of them.
Silicone Rumen Cannula with a Soft Cylindrical Part and a Hard Flange (1989)

A soft rumen cannula for sheep was made with two kinds of silicone rubber and a polyethylene plug. The design of molds is simple and the materials can easily be obtained. The elasticity of the cylindrical part of the cannula controlled leakage of rumen contents to a minimum, and the moderate hardness of the flange prevented loss of contents from the rumen. The cannula could be used repeatedly and functioned well for over 4 yr. The cannula was easily pushed into the rumen, and the collection of whole digesta was accomplished easily by hand. A small amount of sampling with pipette could be achieved through the punched opening without removing the inner polyethylene plug.
A Guide to Full Coin Cell Making for Academic Researchers (2019)

The development of new positive electrode materials is on route to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicle and grid storage applications. The performance of new materials is typically evaluated using hand-made half coin cells with the new material as the positive electrode and a piece of lithium foil for the negative. Whereas half coin cells are easy to make and can give reproducible data, they can fail to accurately predict how a material would perform in a full cell. The present work develops methods to prepare full coin cells, using graphite as the negative electrode material. Detailed instructions are provided to enable researchers to prepare their own high quality full coin cells with good reproducibility between cells. The precision of the hand-made full coin cells is compared with and found to approach the quality of machine-made, commercially produced full cells.
The role of glutathione in the transport and catabolism of nitric oxide (1996)

Nitric oxide acts as a neuronal and vascular messenger implying diffusion through intracellular environments containing 5-10 mM glutathione. Nitric oxide reacts with glutathione under aerobic conditions generating S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). GSNO reacts with glutathione (k= 8.3 X 10(-3) M-1 X s-1) to generate nitrous oxide and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Anaerobically, glutathione reacts with nitric oxide generating nitrous oxide and GSSG (k= 4.8 X 10(-4) s-1 at 5 mM GSH). In both aerobic and anaerobic situations the nitroxyl anion may be an intermediate in the synthesis of nitrous oxide and, under aerobic conditions, nitroxyl anion may generate peroxynitrite. We present a hypothesis for the intracellular interaction between nitric oxide and glutathione.
Metabolism of the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone to Its Biomarker Total NNAL in Smokeless Tobacco Users (2008)

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is one of the most abundant carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products. NNK uptake by measurement of the urinary metabolites 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL) has been reported in many studies, but there are no data in the literature on the percentage of the NNK dose that is converted to NNAL in smokeless tobacco users. In this study, 15 male subjects abstained from tobacco use for 3 weeks before placing 2 g smokeless tobacco between their cheeks and gums for 30 min. They then continued abstinence and collected three consecutive 24-h urine samples. The amount of NNK in the tobacco before and after use was determined along with the amount in expectorated saliva. The NNK dose thus calculated was compared with the amount of total NNAL excreted in the next 72 h. These data, taken together with previous pharmacokinetic data, show that the percent conversion of NNK to total NNAL in smokeless tobacco users is approximately 14% to 17%. This figure can be used to calculate daily exposure to NNK in smokeless tobacco users ( approximately 6 microg). The results of this study also indicate that metabolic activation of NNK to intermediates that can react with DNA is its major pathway of metabolism in smokeless tobacco users.
Measurement of cladding thickness of side-polished fiber based on digital holography (2015)

测量侧边抛磨光纤（sidepolished fiber，SPF）的包层剩余厚度对其应用有重要的指导意义，现今的测量方法均有所不足，现提出一种基于数字全息技术的测量方法。利用单模光纤纤芯折射率比包层折射率高的特点，基于数字全息成像技术，通过角谱传播法对二维全息图进行相位重构，并通过精确最小二乘法解相位包裹，得到侧边抛磨光纤的相位分布图。根据重构的相位分布图，进一步运用相关的边缘提取算法处理得到侧边抛磨光纤包层剩余厚度。实验测量结果与电子扫描电镜（SEM）测量结果相比，测量相对误差小于0.5%。这种测量方法是一种直接测量方法，减小了间接测量法中由于光纤不对称以及SPF轮廓边缘衍射所带来的测量误差，为侧边抛磨光纤包层剩余厚度的无损、在线测量提供了一种新的途径。同时，此方法还可应用于测量其他特种光纤，例如光子晶体光纤、微纳光纤等。
Optimization and direct comparison of the dimerizer and reverse tet transcriptional control systems (2002)

The improved rtTAM2.2 rtTA system described here may prove optimal when the overall magnitude of target gene induction is critical, while the dimerizer system may be advantageous when the complete absence of ligand-independent target gene expression is essential.
Thioalkoxytributyl- and thioalkoxytriphenylphosphonium salts: Preparation and application to the synthesis of thiolesters and unsymmetrical sulfides. (1987)

Thioalkoxyphosphonium salts, Ph3P+ SR ClO-4 (3) and Bu3P+ SR X- (X = ClO4 and BF4) (5), have been prepared from the corresponding tertiary phosphines and disulfides by simple procedures, which involve (i) constant current electrolysis in acetonitrile in the presence of either HClO4 (for 3) or PhCOOH and LiX (for 5), and (ii) stirring an equimolar mixture of a phosphine, a disulfide, PhCOOH, and LiX in acetonitrile at ambient temperature. For the preparation of 3, which have been reported as useful reagents for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides, the electrochemical method is recommended, while for 5 the latter non-electrochemical procedure gave better results. Reactions of the phosphonium salts 5 with carboxylic acids and primary alcohols in benzene at ambient temperature gave thiolesters and unsymmetrical sulfides, respectively, in fair to excellent yields.
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Release Engineering (2016)

Market and user characteristics of mobile apps make their release managements different from proprietary software products and web services. Despite the wealth of information regarding users' feedback of an app, an in-depth analysis of app releases is ...
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIASTEREOISOMERIC 2,4,7‐TRIOXA‐3‐PHOSPHA‐3‐R‐3‐THIONOBICYCLO(4.4.0)DECANES AS A MODEL FOR PHOSPHORUS NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION STUDIES (1982)

Abstract Auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg erhält man aus dem Chlortetrahydropyrannitril (I) das Diol (IV), das mit Thiophosphorsäuretrichlorid (V) zu einem Gemisch der beiden isomeren Phosphaheterocyclen (VI) und (VII) reagiert.
A SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE COMPARISON OF FIVE APPROACHES TO MODULARITY (2010)

An approach to modularity is used to mean the method by which a modular architecture is defined. This paper presents a method by which such approaches can be compared, incorporating both academic and experience-based criteria. The proposed method, based on dendrograms, is applied on MFD, Component-based DSM, Heuristics, and two derived approaches. Derived approaches seem to offer improvements, but also introduce new disadvantages which are absent in the methods on which they build.
Performance evaluation of a distributed video storage system (2002)

We describe the design and the implementation of the CFS (Cluster File System) storage system which is dedicated to video streams. Our goal is to provide a system with the following features: 1) High number of supported streams at a low cost. 2) Transparent management with respect to the clients. 3) Reliability regarding data storage and service continuity. The CFS is implemented on a cluster of PCs connected with a high speed internal network. Its management is fully distributed among the cluster nodes so that there is no central component. Data are stored and retrieved among the cluster nodes using a Streaming RAID strategy, to enhance reliability. We evaluate the overhead introduced by the CFS management with respect to disk performance, by varying the number of nodes involved in file storage, the block size and the reliability level. The impact of the global server load on this overhead is moreover discussed to demonstrate scalability.
Development of a 4th Generation DS Superalloy (2002)

Ni-base directionally solidified (DS) superalloys have the advantage of production costs over the single crystal (SC) superalloys because of better yield rate of casting and a simpler heat treatment compared with SC superalloys. In our previous work, we developed a third generation DS superalloy TMD-103 which exhibits good creep strength, equivalent with second generation SC superalloys. In this study, we attempt to develop a fourth generation DS superalloy that have better creep strength than TMD-103. To strengthen the grain boundaries of the new DS alloys, C and B were added to the fourth generation SC superalloy, TMS-138, that has good phase stability and a long creep life by Ru and Mo addition. Creep behavior of the as-cast and heat-treated new DS alloy is investigated. As a result of creep tests at 1100 degrees centigrade under a load of 137 MPa, the creep time at 1% strain in the heat-treated alloy is twice as long as that of TMD-103.
H215 Onset of free convection around a small heated sphere in water (2014)

This paper describes the onset of free convection around a 1 mm diameter steel sphere heated inductively in water using a light absorption imaging method with a wavelength of 1150 nm. Since the concentric absorbance distributions formed by pure thermal conduction are distorted by free convection, the onsets of free convection are determined by measuring the position of a centroid of a region with a certain absorbance and compared to Rayleigh number.
Schistosoma mansoni: immunolocalization of two different fucose-containing carbohydrate epitopes (1994)

We have used two monoclonal antibodies, 128C3/3 and 504B1, to immunolocalize their carbohydrate epitopes in different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Both epitopes contain fucose: mAb 128C3/3, as we have shown previously, recognizes fucose in a novel, possibly internal linkage (Levery et al. 1992) while mAb 504B1, as we show here, bound to the Le(x) epitope, which contains fucose alpha 1-->3 linked to N-acetyl-glucosamine. The tissue expression of these epitopes was strikingly different and both elicit an immune response in infected hosts. The mAb 128C3/3-defined epitope was exposed on the surface of all larval stages but not on adult worms; however, it was found in the excretory system of adult worms of both sexes. In contrast, surface expression of the Le(x) epitope was initiated after the transformation of cercariae to schistosomula and was maintained throughout the adult life in both sexes.
Intense erbium-1.54-μm photoluminescence from 2 to 525 K in ion-implanted 4H, 6H, 15R, and 3C SiC (1994)

We have observed intense line spectra in the neighborhood of 1.54 μm from erbium-implanted samples of 4H, 6H, 15R, and 3C SiC. Samples were implanted to a fluence of about 1013 erbium ions/cm2 using four implant energies. An anneal at 1700 °C in a SiC cavity was used. The temperature dependence of the integrated luminescence intensity from 1.49 to 1.64 μm varies very little from 2 to 400 K. No major differences are found for the spectra of the hexagonal and rhombohedral polytypes but there is a difference for cubic SiC (3C SiC).
High Avidity Anti-β2-Glycoprotein i Antibodies Activate Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells and Trigger Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Migration (2013)

Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) represent a potential pathogenic candidate for coronary artery diseases. High avidity aβ2GPI (HAv aβ2GPI) are known to be associated with thrombotic and obstetric manifestations in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, who are also susceptible to the development of premature atherosclerosis. However, there is little information about how human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) are affected by HAv aβ2GPI. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the pathophysiological effects of HAv aβ2GPI on HCAEC and determine their influence on cytokine expression and migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Following the two hit hypothesis, we co-stimulated HAv aβ2GPI-treated HCAEC in the presence and absence of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA). HAv aβ2GPI induced in vitro HCAEC dysfunction, through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, promoted the expression of chemokines (MCP-1, GROα and IL-8) and IL-6, which led to the attraction and migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These effects were potentiated and intensified in conditions with SAA, indicating that HAv aβ2GPI, in the presence of physiological concentrations of acute-phase proteins represent pathogenic autoantibodies, which could lead to the development of premature atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis development.
Trehalose as Cryoprotectant for the Freeze Preservation of Carrot and Tobacco Cells (1985)

Suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota, line C1), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, line TX1), and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (line NP) were frozen under controlled conditions with trehalose as the sole cryoprotectant. Maximal post-thaw viability (71-74%), measured by phenosafranin dye exclusion, was obtained with the C1 cells following a 24hour pretreatment with 5 or 10% trehalose and with 40% trehalose as the cryoprotectant during freezing. TX1 cells pretreated for 24 hours with 10% trehalose and cryoprotected with 40% trehalose during freezing showed 47% viability following thawing as determined by phenosafranin dye exclusion. The NP cells required a 3 to 6 day pretreatment with 10% trehalose and 40% trehalose as a cryoprotectant at the time of freezing for the recovery of viable cells. Growing cells were recovered when the C1 and NP cells treated as described were plated on agar-solidified medium following thawing.
Endothelin-1 may play an important role in the Fontan circulation (2017)

Medial hypertrophy and the overexpression of ET-1 in the pulmonary arteries were observed in some patients in whom the Fontan circulation failed. Our data suggest that ET-1 may play an important role in maintaining the Fontan circulation.
Influence of Aspect Ratios on the Creep Behaviour of Articular Cartilage in Indentation (2004)

Indentation tests are commonly used to determine the mechanical behaviour of articular cartilage with varying properties, thickness, and geometry. This investigation evaluated the effect of changing geometric parameters on the properties determined from creep indentation tests. Finite element analyses simulated the indentation behaviour of two models, an excised cylindrical specimen of cartilage with either normal and repair qualities and an osteochondral defect represented as a cylindrical region of repair cartilage integrated with a surrounding layer of normal tissue. For each model, the ratios of indenter radius to cartilage height (a/h=0.5,1.5) and cartilage radius to indenter radius (r/a=2,5) were varied. The vertical displacement of the cartilage under the indenter obtained through finite element analysis was fitted to a numerical algorithm to determine the aggregate modulus, permeability, and Poisson's ratio. Indentation behaviours of cartilage specimens for either model with a/h=1.5 were not affected by r/a for values of 2 and 5. Aggregate modulus was not greatly affected by the geometric changes studied. Permeability was affected by changes in the ratio of specimen to indenter radii for a/h=0.5. These findings suggest that experimental configurations of excised cylindrical specimens, also representing osteochondral defects with no or unknown degree of integration, where the cartilage layer has a/h=0.5 should not have r/a values on the order of 2 for confidence in the mechanical properties determined. Indentation of osteochondral defects where the repair cartilage is fully integrated to the surrounding cartilage can be performed with confidence for all cases tested.
Hsp70 and a 54 kDa protein (Osp54) are induced in salmon (Salmo salar) in response to hyperosmotic stress (1999)

Hsp70 and a 54 kDa osmotic stress protein (osp54) were induced in isolated tissues of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) upon exposure to hyperosmotic conditions. Incubation of branchial lamellae, hepatic tissue, and erythrocytes in medium supplemented with 200-600 mM NaCl dramatically reduced protein synthesis. Although general protein synthesis remained depressed following transfer of tissues from 450 mM supplemental NaCl to iso-osmotic medium, hsp70 was prominently induced in branchial lamellae and hepatic tissue. Accumulation of hsp70 mRNA and a decrease in actin mRNA suggest preferential upregulation of the hsp70 gene. Induction of osp54 was observed in branchial lamellae and erythrocytes, but not in hepatic tissue, during exposure to 75-125 mM supplemental NaCl. Use of glycerol in place of NaCl to create hyperosmotic conditions stimulated induction of hsp70 in branchial lamellae. Substitution with mannitol resulted in induction of osp54 in both branchial lamellae and erythrocytes. The solute-specific and temporal patterns of response suggest that hsp70 and osp54 might function in concert to restore osmotic homeostasis and renature proteins destabilized or denatured during the early stages of osmotic shock.
Differentiation of dairy strains of the Bacillus cereus group by phage typing, minimum growth temperature, and fatty acid analysis (1991)

A total of 130 Bacillus strains were isolated from dairy products, the dairy environment and from packaging boards and board-producing machines. Ninety-eight of these were members of the B. cereus group (B. cereus, B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis) as determined by whole cell fatty acid composition. Fatty acid composition did not differentiate between the three species. Of the 98 strains, which were indistinguishable by biochemical tests, 87 could be assigned into 21 different phage types (11 strains remained untypable) when tested with 12 B. cereus, B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis phages. The distribution of phage types between strains from different sources showed that the source of contamination of the dairy products was of milk origin and not from the packaging materials. Most strains isolated from the dairy products were able to grow below 10 degrees C, whereas strains from the dairy environment and from board mills had higher minimum growth temperatures.