gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epoxypukalide Induces Proliferation and Protects against Cytokine-Mediated Apoptosis in Primary Cultures of Pancreatic β-Cells (2013)

There is an urgency to find new treatments for the devastating epidemic of diabetes. Pancreatic β-cells viability and function are impaired in the two most common forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Regeneration of pancreatic β-cells has been proposed as a potential therapy for diabetes. In a preliminary study, we screened a collection of marine products for β-cell proliferation. One unique compound (epoxypukalide) showed capability to induce β-cell replication in the cell line INS1 832/13 and in primary rat cell cultures. Epoxypukalide was used to study β-cell proliferation by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and BrdU incorporation followed by BrdU/insulin staining in primary cultures of rat islets. AKT and ERK1/2 signalling pathways were analyzed. Cell cycle activators, cyclin D2 and cyclin E, were detected by western-blot. Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3. β-cell function was measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Epoxypukalide induced 2.5-fold increase in β-cell proliferation; this effect was mediated by activation of ERK1/2 signalling pathway and upregulation of the cell cycle activators, cyclin D2 and cyclin E. Interestingly, epoxypukalide showed protection from basal (40% lower versus control) and cytokine-induced apoptosis (80% lower versus control). Finally, epoxypukalide did not impair β-cell function when measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In conclusion, epoxypukalide induces β-cell proliferation and protects against basal and cytokine-mediated β-cell death in primary cultures of rat islets. These findings may be translated into new treatments for diabetes.
A calixpyrrole derivative acts as a GPER antagonist: mechanisms and models (2015)

Estrogens regulate numerous pathophysiological processes, mainly by binding to and activating estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. Increasing amounts of evidence have recently demonstrated that G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30; also known as GPER) is also involved in diverse biological responses to estrogens both in normal and cancer cells. The classical ER and GPER share several features, including the ability to bind to identical compounds; nevertheless, some ligands exhibit opposed activity through these receptors. It is worth noting that, owing to the availability of selective agonists and antagonists of GPER for research, certain differential roles elicited by GPER compared with ER have been identified. Here, we provide evidence on the molecular mechanisms through which a calixpyrrole derivative acts as a GPER antagonist in different model systems, such as breast tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) obtained from breast cancer patients. Our data might open new perspectives toward the development of a further class of selective GPER ligands in order to better dissect the role exerted by this receptor in different pathophysiological conditions. Moreover, calixpyrrole derivatives could be considered in future anticancer strategies targeting GPER in cancer cells.
Single-Crystalline Co Nanowires: Synthesis, Thermal Stability, and Carbon Coating (2009)

Decomposition of the organometallic Co(η3-C8H13)(η4-C8H12) complex in the presence of a 2/1 acid/amine mixture, or of cobalt stearate in the presence of 2 equiv. of amine leads to single-crystalline hcp cobalt nanowires of a few nanometers in diameter and micrometers in length. These nanowires display high coercive fields (1.7 T) as well as the magnetization of bulk cobalt. To develop a method for the carbon coating of these nanowires and thus ensure their long-term air stability, the thermal stability of the nanowires is investigated. After being annealed at temperatures above 350 °C under static argon atmosphere, chains of cobalt nanoparticles embedded in a wirelike carbon matrix are obtained. This phenomenon is a consequence of the Rayleigh instability of the nanowires, which is enhanced during the decomposition of the stabilizing ligands. In high-vacuum conditions, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM studies show that the nanowires evaporate without any appearance of Rayleigh instability, and without any structural change. This suggests the crucial role played by the ligands in the fragmentation process. Annealing below 350 °C prevents the fragmentation process and yields carbon-coated cobalt nanowires.
Development and Characterization of a Novel CD34 Monoclonal Antibody That Identifies Sheep Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. (2007)

Abstract To date, the cell surface marker CD34 has been the antigen most widely used for identification and isolation of HSC in humans and numerous other species. CD34 is an integral membrane sialomucin present on roughly 1–3% of BM mononuclear cells (MNC) in a normal adult human, yet its precise function remains largely unknown. The CD34+ population is now known to produce durable reconstitution of all blood lineages in both autologous and allogeneic transplantations, providing evidence that CD34 is expressed on some of the most primitive long-term engrafting HSC. We and others have used the fetal sheep model extensively to study the potential and behavior of human HSC. Unfortunately, no reagents exist that allow sheep HSC to be identified or purified, impeding the development of experimental HSC transplantation strategies in this clinically relevant large animal model. We therefore developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to the ovine homologue of CD34. We PCR cloned and sequenced an 858bp cDNA corresponding to the extracellular domain of the sheep CD34 antigen, which was found to share 92% homology with the bovine CD34 homologue. When aligned to human CD34, the sheep homologue shared 90% homology from nucleotides 1–84, 78% homology from nucleotides 453–858, and exhibited minimal homology between nucleotides 85 and 452. This cDNA was cloned into an expression vector and used to genetically immunize mice and create monoclonal antibodies. One antibody (8D11) was selected for all subsequent studies. Using flow cytometry, 8D11 identified a small, discrete population of CD45+ cells within the peripheral blood, cord blood, and BM of sheep. This population comprised 0.5–2.5% of the total sheep BM MNC, a proportion in close accord with the previously reported incidence of CD34+ cells in adult human BM. The ability of 8D11 to enrich for sheep hematopoietic progenitors was tested by magnetically sorting 8D11+cells and assessing colony-forming potential (CFU) and the CAFC frequency. Ovine CD34+ cells were 35- to 150-fold enriched for CFU and CAFC as compared with BM mononuclear cells, whereas CD34-negative cells were correspondingly depleted of progenitors. G-CSF mobilization of sheep resulted in a 14-fold increase in the levels of circulating CD34+ cells on day 4, providing further evidence of the utility of 8D11 as a marker of primitive hematopoietic cells in the sheep model. Antibody 8D11 also robustly labeled the lining of blood vessels in both frozen and paraffin-embedded sheep tissues, further extending the utility of this antibody to include analysis of tissue sections. In conclusion, this first successful generation of a monoclonal antibody to sheep CD34 will greatly facilitate the use of the sheep as a clinically relevant large animal model system to study allogeneic HSC transplantation both in utero and in post-natal recipients using bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and cord blood as cell sources.
Synthesis and thermal rearrangements of methylenecyclobutanes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and thermal rearrangements of methylenecyclobutanesKenneth J. Shea and Sean WiseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 13, 2710–2711Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00407a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00407a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel Dot Products Using Silicon Photonics (2021)

This paper proposes a parallel photonic architecture for computing dense dot products, such as those found during deep neural network (DNN) inference, and quantifies the architecture's computation error induced by crosstalk and noise.
Morphological shape decomposition (1990)

A technique for decomposing a binary shape into a union of simple binary shapes is presented. The decomposition is shown to be unique and invariant to translation, rotation, and scaling. The techniques used in the decomposition are based on mathematical morphology. The shape description produced can be used in object recognition and in binary image coding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-speed e-axle for electrified heavy commercial vehicles (2021)

Neben der schieren Vielfalt von Varianten elektrifizierter Antriebe sind Antriebsentwickler mit Rahmenbedingungen konfrontiert, die sich jederzeit ändern können. Beispielsweise ist schwer abzusehen, inwieweit und wann die heutige Tank-to-Wheel-Bilanzierung in der EU
Energy Efficiency Comparison of Common Packet Schedulers (2014)

This paper presents a characterisation of the energy performance of common and well-known packet schedulers in a multi-cell multi-user UTRAN long-term evolution (LTE) system. First, it was shown that the maximum SINR metric is more energy efficient than the round robin metric for both time and frequency domain packet scheduling. Second, it was shown that frequency domain packet scheduling had a greater impact on the energy efficiency of the system than time domain packet scheduling, i.e. RF Energy Reduction Gains (RF-ERG) ranging from 16% to 49% and 2% to 18% respectively.
A modified filterbank for tracking multiple sinusoidal signals (1996)

A modified adaptive filterbank structure is presented to track multiple sinusoids which is based on the resonator-in-a-loop filterbank structure [1]. The advantages of this configuration over the previous resonator-in-a-loop filterbank structure are two-fold: its better enhanced transfer function characteristics, and the easier and more accurate determination of its signal-to-noise enhancement ratio. The simulation results using both the filterbank structures are presented and confirm the improved performance of the new filterbank.
Effect of Cyclic Imide Herbicides on Chlorophyll Formation in Higher Plants (1986)

Oxadiazon, chlorophthalim 等を含むいわゆる環状イミド系除草剤は殺草生理反応〈光要求性〉を示すが, この生理反応における光の役割については不明な点が多かった. 著者らは単細胞緑藻 (Scenedesmus acutus) や高等植物 (tobacco, sawa millet および pigment mutants of rice) を用いた細胞および組織培養の技術を応用して, これら薬剤の作用メカニズムを生理・生化学的に検討した. その結果, 上記薬剤は chlorophyll 生合成を著しく阻害しこれが第一次生化学的メカニズムとして確認され, その阻害点は chlorophyll 生合成系の Glutamate→5-Aminolevulinate (ALA) 行程であることが判明した. また, ALA生合成行程は光誘導酵素系の支配を受ける行程であることから, 光が上記イミド系除草剤の示す生理反応〈光要求性〉の引き金となることが考察された. したがって, 少なくとも検討された範囲の環状イミド系除草剤の作用メカニズムはALA合成酵素の生成または活性の阻害にあることがわかった.
Probing Structure and Functional Dynamics of (Large) Proteins with Aromatic Rings:  L-GFT-TROSY (4,3)D

HC

CH NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

NMR assignment of aromatic rings in proteins is a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality solution structures of proteins and for studying the dynamics and folding of their molecular cores. Here we present sensitive PFG-PEP L-GFT-(TROSY) (4,3)D HCCH NMR for identification of aromatic spin systems based on four-dimensional (4D) spectral information which can be rapidly obtained with high digital resolution. The G-matrix Fourier Transform (GFT) experiment relies on newly introduced longitudinal relaxation (L-)optimization for aromatic protons and is optimally suited for both sensitivity and sampling limited data collection, making it particularly attractive for NMR-based structural genomics. Applications are presented for 21 and 13 kDa proteins HR41 and MaR11, targets of the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium for which data collection is, respectively, sensitivity and sampling limited. Complete assignment of aromatic rings enabled high-quality NMR structure determination, and nearly complete analysis of aromatic proton line widths allowed one to assess the flipping of most rings in HR41. Specifically, the ring of Tyr90 flips very slowly on the seconds time scale, thereby proving the absence of fast larger-amplitude motional modes which could allow the ring to flip. This indicates remarkable rigidity of the substructure in which the ring is embedded. Tyr90 is conserved among ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2, to which HR41 belongs, and is located in spatial proximity to the interface between E2 and ubiquitin protein ligase E3. Hence, the conformational rigidity and/or the slow motional mode probed by the ring might be of functional importance.
Mechanisms of adaptation in sheep to overcome silage intake depression induced by biogenic amines (1997)

Effects of biogenic amines on silage intake and rumen fermentation during dietary changes were studied in sheep. Two direct-cut grass silages were prepared from a single grass sward, one untreated (WAS) and one treated with 4·0 litres formic acid (850 ml/1) per tonne (FAS). Diets of FAS, and FAS supplemented with 7·2 g biogenic amined/kg DM (FAS +A), were offered ad libitum , once daily to four rumen-cannulated, and four intact wethers in a repeated crossover design experiment. During a pre-period before each crossover, the animals were offered either the silage low in biogenic amines (FAS), or that containing moderate concentrations (WAS). During the first 4 d of the FAS+A treatment, the added biogenic amins tended to lower daily DM intake (DMI) and lowered significantly the DMI during the principal meal after feeding. This acute effect on DMI tended to be reduced when the sheep were previously preconditioned to amines by feeding WAS, and the acute DMI depression during the principal meal was significantly reduced. At the end of the 14 d FAS+A feeding period daily DMI was similar to that of the FAS treatment, but the daily pattern of intake remained different, with lower intake of FAS+A during the first 5 h after feeding, this being compensated for by the end of the day. Rumen fermentation tended to be less during the first 4 d that FAS+A was offered, due to the lower DMI and not due to the acute effect of amines. However, in the sheep unadapted to FAS+A, amine content in the rumen was higher than when the sheep were adapted for 14 d to FAS+A or WAS. Adaptation to FAS+A and feeding WAS during the pre-periods, increased the amine-degrading capacity of rumen fluid. In conclusion, in sheep unadapted to dietary amines, feeding amines will acutely lower DMI through reduced palatibility and most probably by stressing intermediary metabolism. Being preconditioned to amines slightly reduces the acute effect on daily DMI. Although the sheep adapted within 14 d to biogenic amines in the diet and increased daily DMI, there was clear evidence that amines have a negative effect on palatability.
Evaluation of Cryogenic Force Balance Calibration Methodologies Relative to Wind Tunnel Results (2019)

Independent tests of the NASA Common Research Model at NASA’s National Transonic Facility and the European Transonic Windtunnel reveal differences at low operating temperatures and high Reynolds numbers that warrant further investigation. Since each facility used their own wind tunnel balance for their tunnel entry, one suggestion for the differences was the temperature compensation methodology developed and applied for each balance. This hypothesis is explored through simulation and experiment. Independent calibrations of NASA’s NTF-118A balance at NASA Langley Research Center and European Transonic Windtunnel reveal differences in the thermal compensation of the normal force and pitching moment primary sensitivities with temperature, while the axial force primary sensitivities are in good agreement. The application of the balance calibrations performed at NASA and European Transonic Windtunnel to the prior wind tunnel data suggests that the thermal compensation differences are an order of magnitude lower than the differences observed between the wind tunnel aerodynamic coefficients. Thus, the balance temperature compensation methodologies used by NASA and European Transonic Windtunnel are not a major contributor to the wind tunnel differences.
Organization of the Drosophila head as revealed by the ectopic expression of the Ultrabithorax product (1991)

By using a hsp70-Ubx fusion gene, we have ectopically expressed a Ubx product in the embryonic head primordia and studied the developmental effects on the larval head. We find that after high and persistent levels of Ubx product, the head is replaced by three (C1, C2 and C3) abdominal-like denticle belts. The C2 and C3 belts are the homeotic transformations of parasegments 1 and 2, respectively, while the C1 belt probably derives from the transformation and subsequent fusion of the most anterior procephalic primordia. On the basis of their response to the Ubx product and other arguments, we propose that the larval head is made of two genetically distinct components; one is the procephalon and the anterior region of the mandibular lobe, and the other is part of the parasegmental trunk and includes parasegments 1 and 2. Our results also indicate that most or all the larval head structures derive from precursor cells of ventral origin.
Comparison of phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate and dioctanoyl‐sn‐glycerol in the activation of EL4/6.1 thymoma cells (1989)

The present study compared the role of two protein kinase C (PK-C) activating agents, the phorbol ester phorbol-12-acetate-13-myristate (PMA) and the membrane-permeating diacylglycerol dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8) in the activation of EL4/6.1 thymoma cells. These cells have been shown to express interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) upon stimulation with optimal amounts of PMA (10 ng/ml); also, suboptimal amounts of PMA (1 ng/ml) synergized with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin and recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1) (Lowenthal et al., 1986). Comparing PMA and DiC8 led to the following results: PMA at 10 ng/ml induced IL-2R; in contrast, DiC8 (30-3 micrograms/ml) alone was unable to induce IL-2R, although it did synergize with ionomycin (0.5 micrograms/ml) and rIL-1. Bihourly additions of DiC8 did not change this pattern. The addition of DiC8 together with rIL-2 also resulted in no IL-2R expression. Furthermore, DiC8 (10 micrograms/ml) effectively translocated PK-C. Therefore, the differences observed between PMA and DiC8 do not seem to be due to differences in metabolism or to an inability to translocate PK-C. Analysis of messenger (m) RNA produced in stimulated EL4/6.1 cells revealed that DiC8 was also unable to induce mRNA for IL-2R. Our data suggest that PMA, especially at "optimal" concentrations, might have effects that cannot be mimicked by diacylglycerol. Furthermore, it seems that the deficient activity of diacylglycerols can be compensated for by a Ca2+ ionophore and, depending on the cellular system, by further signals such as IL-1.
The First Water‐Dependent Liquid Clathrate: X‐Ray Evidence in the Solid for a CH π(Heteroarene) HC Interaction (1994)

The air- and water-stable cyanoborate host compound 1 forms a liquid or solid clathrate with furan, depending on the water content. The X-ray structure analysis of the solid clathrate that crystallizes out of the liquid clathrate layer indicates the presence of novel CH ⃛π(heteroarene) ⃛HC interactions, as well as CN ⃛HC(P) anion–cation hydrogen bonding.
Capsid Antibodies to Different Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes Bind Common Regions (2013)

Interactions between viruses and the host antibody immune response are critical in the development and control of disease, and antibodies are also known to interfere with the efficacy of viral vector-based gene delivery. The adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) being developed as vectors for corrective human gene delivery have shown promise in clinical trials, but preexisting antibodies are detrimental to successful outcomes. However, the antigenic epitopes on AAV capsids remain poorly characterized. Cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction were used to define the locations of epitopes to which monoclonal fragment antibodies (Fabs) against AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, and AAV6 bind. Pseudoatomic modeling showed that, in each serotype, Fabs bound to a limited number of sites near the protrusions surrounding the 3-fold axes of the T=1 icosahedral capsids. For the closely related AAV1 and AAV6, a common Fab exhibited substoichiometric binding, with one Fab bound, on average, between two of the three protrusions as a consequence of steric crowding. The other AAV Fabs saturated the capsid and bound to the walls of all 60 protrusions, with the footprint for the AAV5 antibody extending toward the 5-fold axis. The angle of incidence for each bound Fab on the AAVs varied and resulted in significant differences in how much of each viral capsid surface was occluded beyond the Fab footprints. The AAV-antibody interactions showed a common set of footprints that overlapped some known receptor-binding sites and transduction determinants, thus suggesting potential mechanisms for virus neutralization by the antibodies.
Identification of genus-specific epitopes on the outer membrane complexes of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci immunotypes 1 and 2 (1989)

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used to study the immunogenic and antigenic characteristics of chlamydiae. We focused on the most predominant proteins in the outer membrane complex, the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and the doublet consisting of proteins of 57 and 62 kilodaltons (57-62 kDa doublet). Immunoblot analyses were performed with chlamydial elementary bodies by using (i) immune sera from sheep which had undergone a recent episode of abortion due to the ovine abortion (OA) strain of C. psittaci, (ii) rabbit hyperimmune anti-C. psittaci (OA) and -C. trachomatis sera, and (iii) monoclonal antibodies to the MOMP of C. trachomatis. The typical pattern of response with polyclonal antisera against heterologous elementary bodies was reactivity with the 57-62 kDa doublet and lipopolysaccharide with weak and sometimes no anti-MOMP activity. Three distinct genus-specific anti-C. trachomatis MOMP monoclonal antibodies showed different patterns of reactivity with the MOMPs of the two immunotypes of C. psittaci and C. trachomatis serovars. Our data confirm the predominance of a genus-specific 57-62 kDa doublet response despite the presence of genus-specific epitopes on the MOMP.