gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale simulation of shock-induced failure of polysilicon MEMS (2011)

MEMS are often exposed to accidental shocks during service, specially when mounted on portable devices.&#13;\nThe effects of shocks on polysilicon MEMS are here investigated within the framework of a multi-scale finite element approach. To accurately model MEMS failure, at least three&#13;\nlength-scales need in fact to be explored: a macro-scale (package length-scale), characterized by stress waves propagating inside the package and impinging upon sensor anchors;&#13;\na meso-scale (sensor length-scale), characterized by forced vibrations of the MEMS sensor as a whole; a micro-scale (polycrystal length-scale), characterized by nonlinear,&#13;\ndissipative processes like the nucleation and propagation of trans- and inter-granular cracks in the polysilicon film constituting critical regions of the sensor. &#13;\nWithin such multi-scale problem, length-scale interactions can be disregarded because of the small ratio between sensor and package masses, and because of the brittleness of&#13;\npolysilicon at room temperature.&#13;\n&#13;\nAt the bottom level, to understand whether crystal morphology affects MEMS failure, a stochastic (like e.g. a Monte Carlo) methodology is mandatory to appropriately handle: &#13;\nthe orientation of the axes of elastic symmetry of each silicon grain; the topology of the the network of grain boundaries in the region surrounding the failing detail; &#13;\nthe possible presence of defective grain boundaries. Micro-scale analyses thus turn out to be time consuming. We therefore compare the results obtained by three-scale simulations,&#13;\nwherein micro-scale features are fully accounted for, to results of two-scale simulations (with micro-scale analyses dropped), wherein homogenized (micro-mechanically informed)&#13;\nstrength and toughness properties of the polysilicon are adopted.&#13;\nWe show that, when the sensor layout causes localized failures, micro-scale simulations do not add significant information; from an industrial point of view &#13;\nit thus proves sufficient to span only the macro-scopic and meso-scopic length-scales to capture the effect of shock loadings on the MEMS.
Unidirectional error correction by crypto functions (2013)

Asymmetric errors are observed in many communication channels or memory systems. Some non-volatile memory systems and optical media exhibit such error behavior in a unidirectional fashion. The lifetime of such units depends often on aging, and especially on the number of access cycles performed resulting with such unidirectional error behavior. In many applications, error correcting codes are not deployed in order to save redundancy, costs and complexity. However in many applications, there are security operations such as encryption or hash functions providing strict rules which can serve to detect and even correct errors. Error correcting codes use basically linear mappings, whereas crypto functions involve highly nonlinear confusion and diffusion randomizing functions. In this paper, some hash functions used for authentication are investigated to check experimentally their symmetric and especially unidirectional error correctability. Good hash functions and ciphers are designed to attain a high degree of pseudo-randomizing mappings. Our experimental results on such hash functions showed that, it is possible to efficiently correct a class of selected unidirectional errors by deploying a portion of the hash bits which are typically used solely for authentication. The proposed correction procedure is a hard decision trade-off operation which would improve the system-survivability by slightly reducing its authenticity level without changing the system configuration. This procedure allows a sort of best-effort salvation in some existing systems. The procedure simply modifies the corrupted data experimentally until the hash value becomes valid. This procedure may however turn out to become equivalent to a successful authentication attack. This is however less probable if only a part of the hash bits is deployed in the error correction procedure and if the corrected error-class is kept as small as possible.
Randomized computations in domain decomposition methods (2015)

An efficient and robust FETI-2λ domain decomposition method (DDM) framework for electromagnetic (EM) modeling is outlined. The proposed framework uses randomized algorithms to approximate the low-rank discrete Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map interactions that arise in FETI-2λ. The resulting approach is also combined with effective and robust local and global DDM preconditioners. A realistic numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness.
Epitaxial stabilization of the frustrated Ge-based spinel thin films (2019)

Frustrated magnets can host numerous exotic many-body quantum and topological phenomena. GeNi$_2$O$_4$ is a three dimensional $S=1$ frustrated magnet with an unusual two-stage transition to the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic ground state, while GeCu$_2$O$_4$ is a high-pressure phase with a strongly tetragonally elongated spinel structure and magnetic lattice formed by $S=1/2$ CuO$_2$ linear chains with frustrated exchange interactions and exotic magnetic behavior. Here we report on the first thin-film epitaxial stabilization of these two compounds. Developed growth mode, surface morphology, crystal structure and copper valence state were characterized by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and resonant X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our results pave an alternative route to the comprehensive investigation of the puzzling magnetic properties of these compounds and exploration of novel emergent features driven by strain.
Immunopotentiation of Anti‐Viral and Anti‐Tumor Immune Responses Using Anti‐T Cell Receptor Antibodies and Mitogensa (1991)

Although the immunosuppressive properties of anti-CD3 mAbs are now widely recognized, we have accumulated data characterizing the T cell activating properties of these antibodies. While in some situations these activating properties may be viewed as unwanted side-effects (for instance OKT3-mediated T cell activation may be responsible for some of the first dose toxicity seen with patients receiving OKT3 for suppression of allograft rejection), we have shown that anti-CD3 mAb therapy can augment host immune responses and provide protection against some tumors and viral infections. Importantly, this augmented response allows the development of long term, specific immunity. Because the immunosuppressive and activating properties of anti-CD3 mAbs are so closely overlapping, we have sought to identify other agents that are capable of activating T cell subsets selectively. We have found that SEB activates T cell subsets selectively in vivo and that this activation can be exploited to prevent the outgrowth of a malignant murine tumor. Studies currently in progress, including phenotypic and functional analysis of TILs and in vivo T cell subset depletions, should result in a more precise understanding of how SEB-induced T cell activation inhibits tumor growth.
Effect of Chamber Width on Flame Characteristics in Small Combustion Chambers (2005)

The objective of this study is to understand the combustion process in confined chamber when the size is small and the ignition energy is limited. As a first step, the geometry of a 1.0 kW Wankel engine, which has a displacement of 5.0 cm, has been chosen and a static combustion chamber with volume 141282 mm has been built. Three parameters: pressure, temperature, and chamber size are being investigated. Visualization of flame front via the schlieren technique was used to measure the propagation speed of the flame. These images are taken with a high-speed camera at a frame speed of 2000 fps with 486μsec exposure time. Flame instability was observed inside the smallest chamber of 4 mm. Front shape changed from a smooth and round one to a wrinkled surface. Chamber length is much shorter than length obtained analytically based on adiabatic Darrieus-Landau instability. The mechanism for the onset of the instability triggered by the increase of the heat loss is analytically derived and compared with experimental results.
Evaluation of Orographic Cloud Seeding Using a Bin Microphysics Scheme: Two-Dimensional Approach (2017)

Abstract A new version of a bin microphysical scheme implemented into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to study the effect of glaciogenic seeding on precipitation formation in orographic clouds. The tracking of silver iodide (AgI) particles inside of water drops allows the proper simulation of the immersion nucleation. The ice formations by deposition, condensational freezing, and contact nucleation of AgI particles are also simulated in the scheme. Cloud formation—both stably stratified and convective—and the spread of AgI particles were simulated by idealized flow over a two-dimensional (2D) bell-shaped mountain. The results of numerical experiments show the following: (i) Only the airborne seeding enhances precipitation in stably stratified layer clouds. Seeding can reduce or enhance precipitation in convective clouds. AgI seeding can significantly affect the spatial distribution of the surface precipitation in orographic clouds. (ii) The positive seeding effect is primarily due to additional diffusional growth of AgI-nucleated ice crystals in layer clouds. In convective clouds, seeding-induced changes of both diffusion and riming processes determine the seeding effect. (iii) The seeding effect is inversely related to the natural precipitation efficiency. (iv) Bulk seeding parameterization is adequate to simulate AgI seeding impacts on wintertime orographic clouds. More uncertainties of ground-seeding effects are found between bulk and bin simulations.
Use of suprathreshold stochastic resonance in cochlear implant coding (2003)

In this article we discuss the possible use of a novel form of stochastic resonance, termed <i>suprathreshold</i> stochastic resonance (SSR), to improve signal encoding/transmission in cochlear implants. A model, based on the leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron, has been developed from physiological data and use to model information flow in a population of cochlear nerve fibers. It is demonstrated that information flow can, in principle, be enhanced by the SSR effect. Furthermore, SSR was found to enhance information transmission for signal parameters that are commonly encountered in cochlear implants. This, therefore, gives hope that SSR may be implemented in cochlear implants to improve speech comprehension.
Preparation and Evaluation of Silica-Based Ionic Liquid-Modified Stationary Phase for HPLC (2010)

A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stationary phase was firstly synthesized based on the ionic liquid 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole chloride. And the performances of the resulting stationary phase were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The retention characteristics of the resulting stationary phase were evaluated by normal phase HPLC conditions to separate tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA in Danshen herb. The results demonstrated that the synthesized ionic liquid was bond-linked to the silica surface successfully and that IL-modified silica is more effective than unmodified silica when separating tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA in Danshen herb.
Field Escape Analysis for Data Confidentiality in Java Components (2007)

This paper presents an extension of escape analysis for static detection of threats to data confidentiality in Java components, called field escape analysis. We augment existing escape analyses, which are typically based on points-to analysis for reference (or pointer) type, with data and control dependence analyses with respect to primitive type. To meet the demand of security analysis, we propose a graph representation, called primitive value dependence graph (PVDG), and a novel semantics for dependence analysis. We have built a static analysis tool for Java components called SecDetector. In the experimental evaluation, using different combinations of underlying analysis techniques (e.g., points-to analysis, dependence analysis), we evaluated trades-offs between precision and performance on five publicly-available J2EE applications. On the benchmarks examined, there are few false positives in our study. It provides evidence of the usefulness of our approach.
The genetic transformation machinery: composition, localization, and mechanism (2009)

Natural genetic transformation is widely distributed in bacteria. It is a genetically programmed process that is inherent to the species. Transformation requires a specialized membrane-associated machinery for uptake of exogenous double-stranded DNA. It also requires dedicated cytosolic proteins, some of which have been characterized only recently, for the processing of internalized single-stranded DNA fragments into recombination products. A series of observations made in Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae led to the recent emergence of a picture of a unique, highly integrated machine localized at the cell poles. This dynamic machine, which we propose to name the transformasome, involves both membrane and cytosolic proteins, to internalize, protect, and process transforming DNA. This review attempts to summarize these recent observations with special emphasis on the early stages in DNA processing.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib (2013)

Our results confirm former communications regarding the association between SNPs in ABCB1, NR1/2, NR1/3 and VEGFR3 and sunitinib outcome in clear-cell RCC. Prospective validation of these SNPs is now required.
ATPP: A Pipeline for Automatic Tractography-Based Brain Parcellation (2017)

There is a longstanding effort to parcellate brain into areas based on micro-structural, macro-structural, or connectional features, forming various brain atlases. Among them, connectivity-based parcellation gains much emphasis, especially with the considerable progress of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in the past two decades. The Brainnetome Atlas published recently is such an atlas that follows the framework of connectivity-based parcellation. However, in the construction of the atlas, the deluge of high resolution multimodal MRI data and time-consuming computation poses challenges and there is still short of publically available tools dedicated to parcellation. In this paper, we present an integrated open source pipeline (https://www.nitrc.org/projects/atpp), named Automatic Tractography-based Parcellation Pipeline (ATPP) to realize the framework of parcellation with automatic processing and massive parallel computing. ATPP is developed to have a powerful and flexible command line version, taking multiple regions of interest as input, as well as a user-friendly graphical user interface version for parcellating single region of interest. We demonstrate the two versions by parcellating two brain regions, left precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, on two independent datasets. In addition, ATPP has been successfully utilized and fully validated in a variety of brain regions and the human Brainnetome Atlas, showing the capacity to greatly facilitate brain parcellation.
Fault Diagnosis and Detection (2013)

In this chapter, an integrated design framework incorporating unscented Kalman filter is developed to utilize multi-sensor data fusion techniques for process fault monitoring. The multi-sensor data fusion technique is presented via centralized and decentralized architectures. Detailed simulation studies have been conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme on quadruple tank system and industrial boiler. It is established that the decentralized integrated framework retrieves more effectively the critical information about presence or absence of a fault from the dynamic model with minimum time delay and provides accurate unfolding-in-time of the finer details of the fault as compared to the centralized integrated framework, thus completing the overall picture of fault monitoring of the system under test.
ChemInform Abstract: The Renaissance of Iron‐Based Fischer—Tropsch Synthesis: The Multifaceted Catalyst Deactivation Behavior (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of two novel glial-restricted cell populations in the embryonic telencephalon arising from unique origins (2007)

Based on our results we offer a unifying model of telencephalic gliogenesis, with the generation of both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes from spatially separate, but functionally similar, glial restricted populations at different developmental times in the dorsal and ventral CNS.
Lactoferrin Assessment of Rectal Effluent as an Aid to Colonoscopy for Determining Intestinal Inflammation (2007)

Purpose: Accurate evaluation of intestinal inflammation is vital in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. A limitation of conventional colonoscopy is the inability to visualize the entire intestinal tract. Fecal lactoferrin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, may function as an aid to colonoscopy for assessing IBD patients. Our aim was to evaluate lactoferrin levels in rectal effluent in conjunction with colonoscopy to assess the presence of inflammation in IBD patients undergoing screening or diagnostic colonoscopy. Methods: Fifty-nine adult IBD patients from a single tertiary care center were enrolled. Each subject provided a sample of the effluent passed towards the end of the bowel preparation procedure prior to colonoscopy. The specimens were screened for elevated lactoferrin using the IBD-CHEK®, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (TechLab, Blacksburg). There were 27 active patients and 32 inactive patients based on colonoscopy and histology. Results: Forty-four Crohn's disease (CD) and 15 ulcerative colitis patients were included in the study. The median age was 44 (22–72) and there were 42 females and 17 males. The lactoferrin ELISA had 74.1% sensitivity, 84.4% specificity, and 79.7% correlation with colonoscopic findings. Five patients characterized as inactive by colonoscopy had moderately high lactoferrin levels. Four of these patients had Crohn's disease, and the elevated lactoferrin may represent inflammation unseen by conventional colonoscopy. This suggests a role for lactoferrin testing to help target CD patients requiring additional testing such as small bowel radiography. Seven samples with endoscopically defined inflammation were negative on the lactoferrin ELISA. Conclusion: Rectal effluent samples are easily obtained with a relatively high degree of patient compliance. Testing for lactoferrin provides an aid to colonoscopy for determining intestinal inflammation. A positive lactoferrin result in an endoscopically inactive patient may indicate unresolved inflammation but further investigation is needed. A negative result in an effluent sample is not clinically relevant due to the potential dilution of lactoferrin during the bowel preparation procedure and should not be used to rule out the presence of intestinal inflammation.
Antigenspezifische Aktivierung von B-Lymphozyten in vitro (2022)

Abstract We established an in vitro activation protocol for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. Purified murine B lymphocytes were activated in vitro with combinations of antigen and selected stimuli. Within ten days we induced specific IgM and IgG antibody responses against a viral coat protein. Permanently antibody-producing hybridomas were generated to produce monoclonal antibodies.
Combination of high on-treatment platelet aggregation and low deaggregation better predicts long-term cardiovascular events in PCI patients under dual antiplatelet therapy (2013)

High on-treatment platelet reactivity is associated with short-term major cardiovascular (CV) events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Maximum and final aggregation assessed by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) have both been used to predict short-term outcome after PCI, however their long-term prognostic impact remains controversial. There is currently no information regarding the prognostic role of deaggregation and its added value in combination with established aggregation parameters. About 1279 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing PCI were enrolled in this monocentric study. On-treatment platelet aggregation under clopidogrel maintenance therapy, as well as deaggregation was determined by maximum and final aggregation (5 min after adding of the agonist). Deaggregation was defined as slope of the tangent between Aggmax +0.5 min. Primary endpoints were the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and CV death or stent thrombosis according to the ARC criteria. Low deaggregation, defined as values in the lowest tertile (<1.5), was more frequent in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) compared to patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), ACS: 29.6% vs. SAP: 22.0%, p = 0.001. The combination of high on-treatment platelet reactivity, defined by the upper tertile of Aggmax and low deaggregation, was associated with significantly increased risk for combined long-term CV events. The combination of low deaggregation and high on-treatment platelet reactivity is associated with higher risk for recurrent events in patients with CAD undergoing PCI. Thus, deaggregation might be a more sensitive parameter providing added value in terms of risk prediction for long-term recurrent CV events in relation with established aggregation parameters.
Implementation of a control network and wavelength management system within the physical layer of a coherent multi-carrier network (2002)

Within the European RACE project COBRA, the use of coherent technology in practical network environments is demonstrated. This is done through a number of demonstrator set-ups. Each of these demonstrators can be situated in a specific telecom domain (the core network, the subscriber loop, etc.) and exploits within its domain the benefits of present-day coherent technology. This paper presents one of these demonstrators, the BCPN (Business Customer Premises Network) field demonstration which is setup at the premises of the Dutch PTT in Leidschendam, and describes more specifically its control network and wavelength management system that has been developed at the University of Gent.
The twinkling of stars (1978)

Abstract This article collects together some of the main ideas and experimental results on the twinkling of stars. Statistical methods are used to characterize the features of the scintillation and to investigate the ways in which these depend on the zenith angle of the star, the bandwidth of the light and various other parameters. Some new results are included which demonstrate the advantages of using photon counting methods in experiments on stellar scintillation. Since the twinkling of stars is a consequence of the turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere then measurements can be used to deduce some features of the structure of the turbulence. We discuss some of the experiments designed to do this and report the results.