gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NKG2D ligands in inflammatory joint diseases: analysis in human samples and mouse models (2020)

Marked overproduction of sMICA was observed in the synovial fluid of RA patients. Mouse studies highlighted the complex transcriptional regulation of Nkg2d ligands encoding genes depending on the inflammatory setting and microenvironment CONCLUSIONS: sMICA quantification could be an interesting biomarker to identify acute inflammation in RA patients in whom classical markers (i.e. anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, ACPA) are undetectable.
EFFICACY OF GANCICLOVIR IN LIVER AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH SEVERE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION (1988)

Twelve liver and 5 kidney transplant recipients with severe cytomegalovirus infection were treated with Ganciclovir (7.5 mg/kg/day, intravenously). Ten were evaluable (compatible clinical picture, organ involvement shown histopathologically or by culture, viremia, and absence of concomitant infection). All 17 patients were studied for adverse drug side effects. A total of 9 evaluable patients survived the infection; 1 died during treatment due to infection or drug toxicity. A death 19 days after completion of treatment was due to unrelated causes. Patients became afebrile after 2-9 days (mean, 5.3 days) of treatment. Liver function improved, pulmonary infiltrates cleared, and hypoxemia reversed during therapy. Viremia ceased during therapy in 9 patients; asymptomatic viruria persisted or recurred in 6 of 7 patients studied. No relapses occurred during follow-up (7-17 months; mean, 13 months). Transient neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 3 and 1 patients, respectively. Ganciclovir appears promising for treatment of severe CMV infection in patients with kidney or liver transplants.
Biomechanics and Microstructural Analysis of the Mouse Knee and Ligaments (2017)

The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of using murine models for translational study of knee ligament injury, repair, and reconstruction. To achieve this aim, we provide objective, quantitative data detailing the gross anatomy, biomechanical characteristics, and microscopic structure of knee ligaments of 44 male mice (C57BL6, 12 weeks of age). Biomechanical testing determined the load-to-failure force, stiffness, and the site of ligament failure for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL). These data are complemented by histological characterization of each of the knee ligaments. In addition, the osseous morphology of the mouse knee was examined using high-resolution nanofocus computed tomography (CT), while standard micro-CT was employed to measure bone morphometrics of the distal femur and proximal tibia. Collectively, our findings suggest that the gross anatomy of the mouse knee is similar to the human knee despite some minor differences and features unique to the murine knee. The ACL had the highest load to failure (5.60 ± 0.75 N), the MCL (3.33 ± 1.45 N), and the PCL (3.45 ± 0.84 N) were similar, and the LCL (1.44 ± 0.37 N) had the lowest load to failure and stiffness. Murine models provide a unique opportunity to focus on biological processes that impact ligament pathology and healing due to the availability of transgenic strains. Our data support their use as a translational platform for the in vivo study of ligament injury, repair, and reconstruction.
Simulation of Burden Distribution and Charging in an Ironmaking Blast Furnace (2015)

The changing of solid particulate matter in the ironmaking blast furnace is studied in the paper using modeling and experiments in small scale. A small-scale charging rig is used to study the layer formation when coke and pellets are charged using a bell-less charging equipment. The modeling involved the use of a simplified geometric model as well as discrete element modeling (DEM). In DEM, both spherical and non-spherical (clumped particles) models were used to describe the coke, while for pellets a spherical model was used. The results from the different models are compared to the experimental findings, and conclusions concerning the appropriateness of the models are drawn. Finally, a challenging phenomenon, i.e., the coke push effect, where lighter coke on the burden surface is shifted by charging of the heavier pellets is discussed and some simulation results for the full-scale problem are presented.
Multistatic microwave imaging with arrays of planar cavities (2016)

The authors present a multistatic imaging system at microwave frequencies based on arrays of planar cavity sub‐apertures, or panels. The cavity imager consists of sets of transmit and receive panels, loaded with radiating irises distributed over the sub‐apertures in an aperiodic pattern. This frequency‐diverse aperture produces distinct radiation patterns as a function of frequency that encode scene information onto a set of measurements; images are subsequently reconstructed using computational imaging approaches. Similar to previously reported computational imaging systems, the cavity‐based imager presents a simple system architecture, minimising the number and expense of components required in traditional microwave imaging systems. The cavity imager builds on previous frequency‐diverse approaches, such as the recently reported metamaterial and air‐filled cavity systems, by utilising frequency‐diverse panels for both the transmit and receive sub‐apertures of the imaging system. Though the panel‐to‐panel architecture has greater sensitivity to calibration error, this implementation nevertheless increases mode diversity and, in the context of a computational imaging system, results in improved image reconstructions.
The Myocardial Sodium hydrogen Exchanger (NHE) and Its Role in Mediating Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury. (1998)

A major mechanism by which the heart adapts to intracellular acidosis during ischemia and recovers from the acidosis after reperfusion is through the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE). There are at least 5 NHE isoforms thus-far identified with the NHE-1 subtype representing the major one found in the mammalian myocardium. This 110 kDa glycoprotein extrudes protons concomitantly with Na influx in a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship rendering the process electroneutral. Although NHE is critical for the maintenance of intracellular pH during acid loading conditions such as ischemia, there is convincing evidence that it also plays a pivotal role in mediating tissue injury during ischemia and reperfusion. The mechanism for this paradoxical deleterious role of NHE reflects the fact that under conditions of tissue stress, including ischemia, Na-K adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase is inhibited thereby limiting Na extrusion resulting in an elevation in intracellular Na concentrations. The latter effect, in turn, will increase intracellular Ca concentrations via Na-Ca exchange. In addition, NHE-1 expression in the diseased myocardium is increased suggesting that elevated production of the antiporter represents a long-term adaptive process in an attempt by the cardiac cell to regulate intracellular pH which, paradoxically, contributes to cardiac pathology. Extensive studies using NHE inhibitors such as amiloride or its analogs, or more specific compounds including 3-methylsulphonyl-4-piperidinoloenzoyl-guanidine methanesulphonate (HOE 694) or 4-isopropyl-3-methylsulphonylbenzcyl-guanidine methane sulphonate (HOE 642) have consistently shown protective effects against ischemic and reperfusion injury in a large variety of experimental models and animal species particularly in terms of attenuating contractile dysfunction. Such studies have contributed greatly to the overwhelming evidence that NHE activation mediates ischemic and reperfusion injury. Indeed, HOE 642 (Cariporide) is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in high risk cardiac patients. Moreover, there is now emerging evidence that NHE may be involved in mediating cardiotoxicity directly produced by various ischemic metabolites such as lipid amphiphiles or reactive oxygen species. In this regard, we have demonstrated that NHE inhibitors can effectively attenuate the cardiac injury produced by lysophosphatidylcholine and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, it now appears that NHE inhibition reduces apoptosis in the ischemic myocardium, a process which may be of importance in the subsequent development of postinfarction heart failure. In conclusion, NHE represents an important adaptive process in response to intracellular acidosis resulting in a paradoxical contribution to cardiac tissue injury.
Rates of Reduction of N-Chlorinated Peptides by Sulfite:  Relevance to Incomplete Dechlorination of Wastewaters (1998)

Biologically induced fragmentation of proteins during wastewater treatment produces peptides, which form long-lasting organic chloramines when the water is disinfected with Cl2. To protect aquatic wildlife from residual chlorine, including chloramines, wastewaters are often treated with sulfur dioxide or sulfite salts. This strategy incompletely eliminates residual chlorine species. Here we report that dechlorination rate constants of N-chloropeptides are 1−2 orders of magnitude smaller than those for NH2Cl and some aliphatic organic chloramines. Slow rates explain the prevalence of N-chloropeptides in dechlorinated wastewaters after faster reacting chlorine species have been eliminated. Dechlorination is subject to general acid catalysis. For N-chlorinated leucylalanine, the rate law above pH 6 in phosphate buffer at 25 °C and I ≈ 0.1 M is as follows: rate = (9.92 ± 0.41 × 103[H2PO4-] + 5.70 ± 0.52 × 108[H3O+] + 5.3 ± 0.2)[SO32-][Cl-Leu-Ala] (concentrations in M, time in s). Rate constants for other peptides appear to be of similar magnitude; variations in the acid-catalyzed terms among different hydrophobic peptides correlate with solvation energies of side chains. The kinetic data suggest that reducing N-chloropeptides in wastewaters by 75% or more will require reaction times generally >0.5 h at environmentally acceptable SIV doses and pH values.
Supplementary Table S1 from Intratumoral CD16<sup>+</sup> Macrophages Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Combination Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representativeness of study participants&lt;/p&gt;
Impairments of the Protein C System and Fibrinolysis in Infection-Associated Stroke (1996)

Impairments in the protein C pathway and endogenous fibrinolysis may contribute to the increased risk for brain infarction after recent (< or = 1 week) infection/inflammation. A decrease in the circulating anticoagulant APC may be related to elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers.
Oculomotor Strategies and Their Effect on Reducing Gaze Position Error (2010)

Rehabilitation for individuals with vestibular hypofunction should identify individuals' unique gaze stability preferences and attempt to facilitate compensatory saccades.
Diel and seasonal locomotor activity patterns in Arctic charr, Salvelinm alpinus (L.) (1990)

One‐year‐old Arctic charr, Sulvelinus alpinus (L.), of the Hornavan strain were tested from February 1985 to January 1986 in an attempt to get an increased understanding of the annual rheotactic behaviour as well as the die1 and seasonal locomotor activity pattern. An annular stream tank equipped with photocells was used to measure the direction of swimming movements as well as the number of passings. From February to late May the locomotor activity was low but increased in July and peaked in September. After November the locomotor activity was again at low winter levels. During the activity peak from July to November the majority ofall movements was directed against the current while no preference for direction was noted during the rest of the year. The high level of swimming movements directed against the current in late summer and autumn may be related to an innate habitat change. From February until June, the charr exhibited a bimodal diurnal activity pattern. In July activity was evenly spread over the whole 24‐ hour period and in August and September activity was again mainly diurnal with a bimodal pattern. In October and November the activity was mainly nocturnal and in December and January activity was concentrated in the short light period. Both annual and die1 activity are discussed in relation to earlier findings in general locomotor activity in Arctic charr and other salmonids.
Toxoplasma gondii Genotype Determines MyD88-Dependent Signaling in Infected Macrophages (2006)

Infection of mouse macrophages with Toxoplasma gondii elicits MAPK activation and IL-12 production, but host cell signaling pathways have not been clearly delineated. Here, we compared macrophage signaling in response to high virulence type I (RH) vs low virulence type II (ME49) strain infection. Tachyzoites of both strains induced p38 MAPK-dependent macrophage IL-12 release, although ME49 elicited 2- to 3-fold more cytokine than RH. IL-12 production was largely restricted to infected cells in each case. RH-induced IL-12 release did not require MyD88, whereas ME49-triggered IL-12 production was substantially dependent on this TLR/IL-1R adaptor molecule. MyD88 was also not required for RH-stimulated p38 MAPK activation, which occurred in the absence of detectable upstream p38 MAPK kinase activity. In contrast, ME49-driven p38 MAPK activation displayed an MyD88-dependent component. This parasite strain also induced MyD88-dependent activation of MKK4, an upstream activator of p38 MAPK. The results suggest that RH triggers MAPK activation and IL-12 production using MyD88-independent signaling, whereas ME49 uses these pathways as well as MyD88-dependent signaling cascades. Differences in host signaling pathways triggered by RH vs ME49 may contribute to the high and low virulence characteristics displayed by these parasite strains.
Investigating the Selectivity of Metalloenzyme Inhibitors (2013)

The inhibitory activity of a broad group of known metalloenzyme inhibitors against a panel of metalloenzymes was evaluated. Clinically approved inhibitors were selected as well as several other reported metalloprotein inhibitors in order to represent a broad range of metal binding groups (MBGs), including hydroxamic acid, carboxylate, hydroxypyridinonate, thiol, and N-hydroxyurea functional groups. A panel of metalloenzymes, including carbonic anhydrase (hCAII), several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), histone deacetylase (HDAC-2), and tyrosinase (TY), was selected based on their clinical importance for a range of pathologies. In addition, each inhibitor was evaluated for its ability to remove Fe(3+) from holo-transferrin to gauge the ability of the inhibitors to access Fe(3+) from a primary transport protein. The results show that the metalloenzyme inhibitors are quite selective for their intended targets, suggesting that despite their ability to bind metal ions, metalloprotein inhibitors are not prone to widespread off-target enzyme inhibition activity.
HIV infection in Norwegian haemophiliacs: The prevalence of antibodies against HIV in haemophiliacs treated with lyophilized cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors (1987)

334 of 389 (86%) registered Norwegians with coagulation factor defects were screened for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1985/1986. 21 persons were confirmed anti-HIV positive. They were all persons with clinically severe haemophilia A and represent 18.4% of 114 tested persons with severe haemophilia A. 3 patients have developed AIDS, 3 have persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. At least 8 of the 21 seropositive persons (38%) have been infected through lyophilized cryoprecipitates prepared from volunteer plasma donated in national blood banks. None of 10 heterosexual partners have antibodies to HIV. We conclude that the policy of using small-pooled lyophilized cryoprecipitates instead of commercial concentrates has reduced HIV-infection among Norwegian haemophiliacs. Today, the prevalence of HIV antibodies in the haemophilia population in Norway is among the lowest in Western Europe.
Virtual Camera Synthesis for Soccer Game Replays (2010)

In this paper, we present a set of tools developed during the creation of a platform that allows the automatic generation of virtual views in a live soccer game production. Observing the scene through a multi-camera system, a 3D approximation of the players is computed and used for the synthesis of virtual views. The system is suitable both for static scenes, to create bullet time effects, and for video applications, where the virtual camera moves as the game plays.
The Effect of Powder Characteristics on the Sinter-Forging Process (1977)

The influence of particle characteristics on the sinterforging process has been studied by measuring forging force, forged density, and Charpy impact energy of reduced and airand water-atomized iron powders. Powder type, lateral flow during forging, and particle size all have a considerable effect on impact properties of powder forgings. A consistent explanation for all these influences can be given when it is assumed that the fracture mode, i.e. ductile or intergranular brittle, is closely related to the amount and distribution of non-metallic inclusions and/or oxide films present on the surface of powder particles.
Reaction with acetic anhydride as a method for estimating the basicity of exocyclic amino groups in nitrogen heterocycles (1984)

Relative rates for acetylation of various anilines and amino heterocycles with acetic anhydride in pyridine were determined by a competition method. From a Bronsted plot of reactivity against basicity for the anilines, and by considering the heterocycles as substituted anilines, pKa values for the amino group in a variety of heterocycles have been obtained.
Updated phase I data of AFM13: A bispecific tandem antibody (TandAb) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). (2014)

3025^ Background: AFM13 is a bispecific anti-CD30, anti-CD16A antibody construct which recruits NK cells for targeted lysis of CD30+ tumor cells. HL cells are characterized by CD30 positivity and represent a promising target for AFM13. 30-40% of HL patients (pts.) relapse after standard chemotherapy ± radiation. 2nd line therapies induce durable remission in only 50% of the patients. Hence, there is a high medical need in R/R HL. Methods: This was a dose escalation trial in heavily pre-treated R/R HL pts. AFM13 was infused weekly (0.01-7.0 mg/kg) or twice weekly (4.5 mg/kg) over 4 weeks. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability, secondary objectives were pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy measured using Cheson criteria. Results: 28 pts. were recruited, 26 were eligible for efficacy. 4 pts. were treated twice weekly. AFM13 was well tolerated with mainly mild to moderate adverse events (AEs). The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Only one relevant, possibly treatment-related toxicity was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg cohort: hemolytic anemia CTCAE Grade 4. The most common AEs were pyrexia (53.6%) and chills (39.3%). 8 pts. (26.8%) experienced serious AEs. PK data revealed that a weekly dose regimen is suboptimal, the half-life was 10-22 hours. PD data showed a dose dependent activation of NK cells (CD69+). Clinical activity was observed over all dose levels but was more pronounced at dose levels ≥1.5 mg/kg (n=13). In this cohort 3 PR (23%), 7 SD (54%), 3 PD (23%) were observed with a disease control rate of 77%. Pts. were not followed-up for duration of response. The time to next treatment (TTNT) was assessed retrospectively for pts. with PR and SD. Mean TTNT was 5.14 months (1.5 – 9.0). 6/7 patients refractory to most recent brentuximab vedotin (BV) therapy achieved SD under AFM13. Mean time between end of BV and start of AFM13 treatment was 1.86 months (1 – 3). Conclusions: AFM13 was well tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity also in pts. refractory to BV. The dose regimens investigated seem to have been suboptimal to demonstrate the full clinical potency of AFM13. A phase II study with a modified dose regimen is in preparation. Clinical trial information: NCT01221571.
Novel cannabinoid receptors (2007)

Cannabinoids have numerous physiological effects. In the years since the molecular identification of the G protein-coupled receptors CB1 and CB2, the ion channel TRPV1, and their corresponding endogenous ligand systems, many cannabinoid-evoked actions have been shown conclusively to be mediated by one of these specific receptor targets. However, there remain several examples where these classical cannabinoid receptors do not explain observed pharmacology. Studies using mice genetically deleted for the known receptors have confirmed the existence of additional targets, which have come to be known collectively as non-CB1/CB2 receptors. Despite intense research efforts, the molecular identity of these non-CB1/CB2 receptors remains for the most part unclear. Two orphan G protein-coupled receptors have recently been implicated as novel cannabinoid receptors; these are GPR119, which has been proposed as a receptor for oleoylethanolamide, and GPR55 which has been proposed as a receptor activated by multiple different cannabinoid ligands. In this review I will present an introduction to non-CB1/CB2 pharmacology, summarize information on GPR55 and GPR119 currently available, and consider their phylogenetic origin and what aspects of non-CB1/CB2 pharmacology, if any, they help explain.
Lithographic Patterning and Selective Functionalization of Metal Nanoparticle Composite Films (2020)

Due to their tunneling-based charge transport mechanism, gold nanoparticle (GNP) composites attract significant interest for applications as resistive sensors for strain and volatile organic compounds. Here, we present a facile method for patterning and re-functionalization of alkanedithiol cross-linked GNP thin films based on deep ultraviolet photolithography. A lift-off process using a sacrificial layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used in combination with a rapid, spin-coating-based GNP film deposition procedure to fabricate patterned GNP films. Furthermore, PMMA mask layers were utilized for selective molecular doping of individual GNP film chemiresistors in a chemiresistor array with different ligand molecules, leading to altered chemical selectivities. The methods presented in this work are suitable for patterning organically cross-linked GNP films for various sensing applications as well as the fabrication of electronic noses based on GNP film chemiresistor arrays. Due to the photolithographic approach, the deposition and re-functionalization methods outlined in this paper are easily scalable, in contrast to serial techniques such as ink-jet printing or microdispensing.