gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oil Spill Remote Sensing (2014)

Remote sensing for oil spills is assessed. The technical aspects of sensors are reviewed and the benefits and limitations of each sensor are given. The use of visible techniques is ubiquitous; however, it gives only the same results as visible monitoring. Oil has no particular spectral features that would allow for identification among the many possible background interferences. Identification of specific oil types is not possible. Cameras are only useful to provide documentation. Infrared (IR) offers some potential as an oil spill sensor. In daytime, oil absorbs light and remits this as thermal energy at temperatures 3–8 K above ambient. IR cameras are economical; however, they suffer from problems such as the inability to discriminate oil on beaches; among weeds, debris, or sediment; and under certain lighting conditions. Furthermore, water-in-oil emulsions are often not detected in the IR. The laser fluorosensor is a useful instrument because of its unique capability to identify oil on backgrounds that include water, soil, weeds, ice, and snow. It is the only sensor that can positively discriminate oil on most backgrounds. The laser fluorosensor also allows for positive identification and discrimination between oil types. Radar detects oil on water only in that oil will dampen water-surface capillary waves under low to moderate wave/wind conditions. Radar offers the only potential for large-area searches and day/night and foul weather remote sensing. Radar is costly, requires a dedicated aircraft, and is prone to many interferences. False targets can be as high as 95%. Satellite-borne radar sensors are useful; however, their frequency of overpass and lesser spatial resolution render them useful for mapping large spills or assisting in ship and platform discharge monitoring. Equipment that measures relative slick thickness is not available at this time and is still under development. Passive microwave has been studied for several years, but many commercial instruments lack sufficient spatial resolution to be practical, operational instruments. A laser-acoustic instrument, which provides the only technology to measure absolute oil thickness, has been successfully tested but is not in production.
Transfusion‐acquired cytomegalovirus infection in cardiac surgery patients (1985)

The incidence of transfusion-acquired primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was studied in 483 cardiac surgery patients. Ninety-six patients (20%) were found to lack antibody to CMV [CMV Ab(-)] as measured by radioimmunoassay. Sixty-eight CMV Ab(-) were followed by viral culture and/or serology from eight weeks to one year after transfusion. Transfusion requirements in CMV Ab(-) patients were as follows: whole blood/packed red blood cells, mean 4.7 +/- 2.6 units; platelets (20 patients), 6.9 +/- 3.8 units; fresh frozen plasma (25 patients), mean 3.3 +/- 1.6 units. Forty-nine percent of 235 donor units tested had antibody to CMV. One donor unit (0.4%) had CMV-specific IgM. This was not associated with CMV infection in the recipient. One patient (1.5%) demonstrated evidence of seroconversion to CMV during the follow-up period. This is significantly less than reported in previously published studies (P less than .01). Serological methods used, the age of the transfused blood, the immune status of the transfusion recipient, and the administration of passive antibody in fresh frozen plasma are factors that may be responsible for the low incidence observed.
Coherent manipulation of free amino acids fluorescence (2012)

Coherent manipulation of molecular wavepackets in biomolecules might contribute to the quest towards label-free cellular imaging and protein identification. We report the use of optimally tailored UV laser pulses in pump-probe depletion experiments that selectively enhance or decrease fluorescence between two aromatic amino acids: tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr). Selective fluorescence modulation is achieved with a contrast of ~35%. A neat modification of the time-dependent fluorescence depletion signal of Trp is observed, while the Tyr transient trace remains unchanged. The mechanism invoked for explaining the change of the depletion of Trp is a less efficient coupling between the fluorescing state and the higher non-radiative excited states by the optimally shaped pulse, than by the reference pulse.
A low power VLSI design paradigm for iterative decoders (2006)

In this paper we present low power maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder architectures using dual supply voltages. The architecture leverages an application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) structure, where the architecture components that require a higher performance are powered from a high supply voltages V/sub ddH/, and the less demanding components are powered from a low supply voltage V/sub ddL/. Salient features of this architecture include: (a) high level of parallelism, (b) reduced power consumption without affecting the architecture performance, and (c) a tradeoff between the decoding time delay and the number of state metric banks, branch metric banks, and state metric update kernels respectively. The power consumption reduction of the dual-supply voltage over the single-supply voltage has been estimated and the memory access frequencies as well. The proposed architecture achieves approximate 35-40% power reduction from the single-supply architecture.
Secretion of leukotrienes by senescent lung fibroblasts promotes pulmonary fibrosis (2019)

Accumulation of senescent cells is associated with the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, but mechanisms accounting for this linkage are not well understood. To explore this issue, we investigated whether a class of biologically active profibrotic lipids, the leukotrienes (LT), is part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The analysis of conditioned medium (CM), lipid extracts, and gene expression of LT biosynthesis enzymes revealed that senescent cells secreted LT, regardless of the origin of the cells or the modality of senescence induction. The synthesis of LT was biphasic and followed by antifibrotic prostaglandin (PG) secretion. The LT-rich CM of senescent lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) induced profibrotic signaling in naive fibroblasts, which were abrogated by inhibitors of ALOX5, the principal enzyme in LT biosynthesis. The bleomycin-induced expression of genes encoding LT and PG synthases, level of cysteinyl LT in the bronchoalveolar lavage, and overall fibrosis were reduced upon senescent cell removal either in a genetic mouse model or after senolytic treatment. Quantification of ALOX5+ cells in lung explants obtained from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients indicated that half of these cells were also senescent (p16Ink4a+). Unlike human fibroblasts from unused donor lungs made senescent by irradiation, senescent IPF fibroblasts secreted LTs but failed to synthesize PGs. This study demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that senescent cells secrete functional LTs, significantly contributing to the LT pool known to cause or exacerbate IPF.
STAP-2 Is a Novel Positive Regulator of TCR-Proximal Signals (2022)

TCR ligation with an Ag presented on MHC molecules promotes T cell activation, leading to the selection, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells and cytokine production. These immunological events are optimally arranged to provide appropriate responses against a variety of pathogens. We here propose signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) as a new positive regulator of TCR signaling. STAP-2-deficient T cells showed reduced, whereas STAP-2-overexpressing T cells showed enhanced, TCR-mediated signaling and downstream IL-2 production. For the mechanisms, STAP-2 associated with TCR-proximal CD3ζ immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motifs and phosphorylated LCK, resulting in enhancement of their binding after TCR stimulation. In parallel, STAP-2 expression is required for full activation of downstream TCR signaling. Importantly, STAP-2-deficient mice exhibited slight phenotypes of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas STAP-2-overexpressing transgenic mice showed severe phenotypes of these diseases. Together, STAP-2 is an adaptor protein to enhance TCR signaling; therefore, manipulating STAP-2 will have an ability to improve the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases as well as the chimeric Ag receptor T cell therapy.
A simple route for synthesis of PbSe nanocrystals: shape control by ligand and reaction time (2012)

The shape controlled synthesis of high quality colloidal lead selenide (PbSe) nanocrystals (NCs) was achieved through a simple solvothermal process. By using oleic acid (OA) as a ligand and activating agent for the Pb precursor, the evolution of the NCs from nanospheres to nanoflowers and finally to nanocubes was achieved by increasing the reaction time. Further, the shape variation from nanospheres to polyhedrons was readily realized through the increase of OA concentration in the stock solution. More interestingly, the change of the anion ligand was proven to be a facile method to control the structure and size of the nanoflowers. The X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis demonstrated the cubic rock salt structure of the synthesized PbSe NCs. Accompanied by comprehensive analytics, the discussion on the possible mechanisms for the shape evolution was provided.
Cardiomyocytes (2003)

Conventional ways of introducing genes into cells, such as calcium phosphate transfections and liposome or lipofectamine-mediated methods, work poorly in cardiomyocytes. They can be useful for gene reporter studies, but are of little value when a gene needs to be introduced into a large number of cardiac cells. Therefore, viral vectors are used to achieve this goal. Type 5 adenoviruses work well in cardiomyocytes, but they are hard to produce, and moreover, their immunogenicity prevents their use in long-term in vivo experiments (1). The adeno-associated virus is suitable for in vivo myocardial gene transduction because of its low or absent immunogenic potential (1), but its use for in vitro studies is limited by the low gene expression achieved (less then 10% in cardiomyocytes) (2). The classical retroviral systems are of no practical value either for studies of growth-arrested cardiomyocytes owing to the requirement of M phase for integration with host genomic DNA. Lentiviruses, however, can enter the nucleus even without mitosis (3), and recently, a new variant of third generation lentivirus (“advanced” generation) has been described (4) in which sequences of the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), central polypurine tract (cPPT) and of the posttranscriptional regulatory element of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE) have been inserted. The cPPT is a cis element that has been associated with increased gene expression in growth-arrested human hematopoietic progenitor cells (4).
Short PN Sequences for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Radios (1997)

Traditional military spread spectrum systems use Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for its jam resistance and low probability of intercept. Additionally, the transmission security afforded by long PN sequences in the waveform is important as is the ability to do code division multiple access (CDMA). DSSS systems as proposed for the unlicensed ISM band use a form of DS that has few of these attributes. The sequences used are so short that special attention must be placed on what are the best sequences to use. The Barker sequences are often chosen, but do they have the right characteristics? A Barker word has good autocorrelation sidelobes when preceded and succeeded by all zeros. Does it have good correlation sidelobes when preceded and succeeded by more Barker words with QPSK modulation? That is, the adjoining sequences can have any of four phases relative to it and this may cause some sequences that initially look good to not be. This paper examines 11, 13, 15, and 16 bit sequences for these properties and makes sequence recommendations.
Seward's True Folly: American Diplomacy and Strategy During "Our Little War with the Heathens," Korea, 1871 (2011)

Surgical resection of petroclival meningiomas remains challenging due to their deep location and relationship to vital neurovascular structures. Although the natural history of these tumors involves a slow course, the incidence of cranial nerve deficits and the extent of tumor resection vary widely in the literature. Some reviews on this topic have been conducted, but data remain fragmentary and based on retrospective case series, which hinders attempts at meta-analysis. Within this context, research into the use of minimally invasive approaches, including in neuroendoscopy, continues to emerge. The objective of this narrative review is to analyze the available literature on the surgical treatment of petroclival meningiomas, with a focus on attempts at endoscopy-assisted resection.
A Trial of Radiation Dose Prescription Based on Dose‐Cell Survival Formula (1984)

SUMMARY Radiation treatment has been prescribed for 379 basal cell carcinomata on the basis of a selected equivalent single dose derived from the standard multi‐target dose‐cell survival formula using values of m = 2 and Do = 130 rads for orthovoltage x‐rays. The results suggest that the approach provides a flexible and acceptable alternative to prescription by total dose or by NSD, It is submitted that Total Dose is an inadequate expression of radiobiological effects: that the NSD and related systems are valuable measures of the ability of normal tissues to recover from radiation damage: that a parallel measure of the degree of tumour depopulation has become necessary to allow further progress in alternative fractionation schedules.
Deposition of fluoropolymer thin films by vacuum-ultraviolet laser ablation (1994)

Crystalline thin films of polytetrafluoroethylene were deposited on Si(100) wafers by F2 laser (157 nm) ablation in 200 mTorr Ar gas atmosphere. X-ray photoemission spectra indicated that the composition of the deposited films was similar to the source material. The surface morphology of films deposited at room temperature contained numerous fibrous structures in size of 100–400 nm, but they were smoothed out at elevated wafer temperature of ∼370 K, while the crystalline feature was still maintained. The refractive index was ∼1.35 at 633 nm.
Mechanism-based selection of a potent kallikrein-related peptidase 7 inhibitor from a versatile library based on the sunflower trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 (2013)

Potent and specific enzyme inhibition is a key goal in development of therapeutic inhibitors targeting proteolytic activity. The backbone-cyclised peptide, Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI-1) affords a scaffold that can be engineered to achieve both these aims. SFTI-1's mechanism of inhibition is unusual in that it shows fast-on/slow-off kinetics driven by cleavage and religation of a scissile bond. This phenomenon was used to select a nanomolar inhibitor of kallikrein related peptidase 7 (KLK7) from a versatile library of SFTI variants with diversity tailored to exploit distinctive surfaces present in the active site of serine proteases. Inhibitor selection was achieved through use of size exclusion chromatography to separate protease/inhibitor complexes from unbound inhibitors followed by inhibitor identification according to molecular mass ascertained by mass spectrometry. This approach identified a single dominant inhibitor species with molecular weight of 1562.4 Da, which is consistent with the SFTI variant SFTI-WCTF. Once synthesised individually this inhibitor showed an IC<sub>50</sub> of 173.9±7.6 nM against chromogenic substrates and could block protein proteolysis. Molecular modelling analysis suggested that selection of SFTI-WCTF was driven by specific aromatic interactions and stabilised by an enhanced internal hydrogen bonding network. This approach provides a robust and rapid route to inhibitor selection and design. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2013.
Five business‐model myths that hold companies back (2001)

Most executives are well aware of the acceleration in the pace of business, and they want to know what to do about it. The authors talked with executives in 40 companies about how they are dealing with this issue and identified five business‐model myths that are holding these firms back. Companies that have dispelled these misconceptions are not only achieving record profitability they are hitting new highs in the tough business environments that have driven their competitors under. This article describes the five myths and outlines how businesses can become more fluid and ready to respond quickly to change.
Cardiac surgery in octogenarians – The Green Lane Hospital Experience 1995–1998 (1999)

Cardiac surgery in the very elderly has been reserved for those with severe disease or symptoms and little co-morbidity. Early mortality is higher than for the general population undergoing cardiac surgery, but post-operative resource use is acceptable and the intermediate-term outcome for survivors is good.
Ganglioside Composition and Its Relation to Clinical Data in Brain Tumors (1992)

The ganglioside composition of 15 cases of meningioma, 15 cases of astrocytoma, 5 cases of neurinoma, 4 cases of ependymoma, 3 cases of metastatic brain tumor and 1 case each of mixed glioma, oligodendroglioma, medulloblastoma, embryonal carcinoma, and cultured glioma cell line were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The GM2, GD3, and GD2 content of the tumors was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Cases were grouped according to the difference in ganglioside pattern and various clinical features. In meningiomas and astrocytomas, GM3 and GD3 were the major gangliosides. The tumor content of the rather simple gangliosides (GM3, GM2, GD3, GD2) increased or was almost equal to that of normal tissue (leptomeninges tissue in the case of meningiomas, and brain tissue in the case of astrocytomas), while the tumor content of complex gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GT1a, GT1b) decreased as compared with normal tissue. The GM3 content of meningiomas increased in middle-aged patients, who comprised the majority of the patients with these tumors. The GD2 content decreased in middle-aged patients with initial symptoms of meningioma within a year. The GM3 content of astrocytomas decreased in patients who underwent radiotherapy. The amount of GM3 and GD3 increased in small tumors. GM3 may be related to the early proliferative stage. The ganglioside patterns of brain tumors are shown in this study to differ according to clinical features and also to be changeable in their clinical courses.
Challenges in Sr2FeMoO6−δ Thin Film Deposition (2019)

This work reviews some fundamental issues that are relevant for the fabrication of stable‐phase strontium ferromolybdate thin films. The main challenges for strontium ferromolybdate thin film deposition arise from the sensitivity of the material's magnetic properties to point defect formation: i) Antisite defect formation and oxygen nonstoichiometry should be avoided by precise composition control during film manufacturing; ii) a highly ordered state of the correct phase and B‐site cation valence will be obtained only in a very narrow window of growth conditions; iii) to avoid additional antisite disorder with decreasing synthesis temperature, the effective temperature at the film surface should be increased by an energy flux to the growing film surface. Since thin film deposition is nonequilibrium in nature, the review starts with the consideration of equilibrium phase stability. Cation and oxygen stoichiometries are analyzed with regard to their effect on key magnetic properties. Film strain formed due to thermal and lattice mismatch is of great concern since it influences the choice of the substrate. Finally, thin film deposition techniques are valued for their benefits in strontium ferromolybdate thin film technology.
Towards Regulatory-Compliant MLOps: Oravizio’s Journey from a Machine Learning Experiment to a Deployed Certified Medical Product (2021)

Abstract Agile software development embraces change and manifests working software over comprehensive documentation and responding to change over following a plan. The ability to continuously release software has enabled a development approach where experimental features are put to use, and, if they stand the test of real use, they remain in production. Examples of such features include machine learning (ML) models, which are usually pre-trained, but can still evolve in production. However, many domains require more plan-driven approach to avoid hazard to environment and humans, and to mitigate risks in the process. In this paper, we start by presenting continuous software engineering practices in a regulated context, and then apply the results to the emerging practice of MLOps, or continuous delivery of ML features. Furthermore, as a practical contribution, we present a case study regarding Oravizio, first CE-certified medical software for assessing the risks of joint replacement surgeries. Towards the end of the paper, we also reflect the Oravizio experiences to MLOps in regulatory context.
Iterative motion compensation approach for ultrasonic thermal imaging (2015)

As thermal imaging attempts to estimate very small tissue motion (on the order of tens of microns), it can be negatively influenced by signal decorrelation. Patient's breathing and cardiac cycle generate shifts in the RF signal patterns. Other sources of movement could be found outside the patient's body, like transducer slippage or small vibrations due to environment factors like electronic noise. Here, we build upon a robust displacement estimation method for ultrasound elastography and we investigate an iterative motion compensation algorithm, which can detect and remove non-heat induced tissue motion at every step of the ablation procedure. The validation experiments are performed on laboratory induced ablation lesions in ex-vivo tissue. The ultrasound probe is either held by the operator's hand or supported by a robotic arm. We demonstrate the ability to detect and remove non-heat induced tissue motion in both settings. We show that removing extraneous motion helps unmask the effects of heating. Our strain estimation curves closely mirror the temperature changes within the tissue. While previous results in the area of motion compensation were reported for experiments lasting less than 10 seconds, our algorithm was tested on experiments that lasted close to 20 minutes.
Palmitate Induced IL-6 and MCP-1 Expression in Human Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells Provides a Link between Diabetes and Urinary Tract Infections (2010)

Bacterial infection (LPS) or metabolic alterations (palmitate) have distinct effects on IL-6 expression in hBSMC, (i) short term LPS induced autocrine JAK/STAT signaling and (ii) long-term endocrine regulation of IL-6 by palmitate. Induction of IL-6 in human bladder smooth muscle cells by fatty acids may represent a pathogenetic factor underlying the higher frequency and persistence of urinary tract infections in patients with metabolic diseases.
Group A rotavirus and bacterial agents associated with diarrhoea-induced hospitalisations in children below 5 years of age in Jammu (2014)

Out of 210 faecal samples collected from children below 5 years attending different hospitals in Jammu and exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea, 41.9% samples were found positive for group A rotavirus by RNA-PAGE. Escherichia coli isolated in the study belonged to nine serogroups, out of which O69 was most frequent, being present in 12.38% samples. E. coli serogroups well recognised as enteropathogens viz. O69, O20 and O153 were present in 27.6% samples. Other bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhoea were present in 8.09% samples, out of which Shigella spp. was found in 4.76% samples followed by Salmonella spp. (2.38%) and Pseudomonas spp. (0.95%).