gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Capacity of the Intensity-Modulation Direct-Detection Optical Broadcast Channel (2016)

The capacity of the intensity-modulation direct-detection optical broadcast channel (OBC) is investigated, under both average and peak intensity constraints. An outer bound on the capacity region is derived by adapting Bergmans' approach to the OBC. Inner bounds are derived by using superposition coding with either truncated-Gaussian (TG) distributions or discrete distributions. While the discrete distribution achieves higher rates, the TG distribution leads to a simpler representation of the achievable rate region. At high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it is shown that the TG distribution is nearly optimal. It achieves the symmetric-capacity within a constant gap (independent of SNR), which approaches half a bit as the number of users grows. It also achieves the capacity region within a constant gap. At low SNR, it is shown that on-off keying (OOK) with time-division multiple-access (TDMA) is optimal. This is interesting in practice since both OOK and TDMA have low complexity. At moderate SNR (typically [0,8] dB), a discrete distribution with a small alphabet size achieves fairly good performance.
Application of an integrated PC-based neutronics code system to criticality safety (1991)

An integrated system of neutronics and radiation transport software suitable for operation in an IBM PC-class environment has been under development at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) for the past four years. Nuclear cross-section data and resonance parameters are preprocessed from the Version 5 Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF/B-V) and supplied in a form suitable for use in a PC-based spectrum calculation and cross-section generation module. The cross-section module of the PC-based code system produces application-specific data libraries that can be used in various PC-based neutron transport and diffusion theory code modules. Some of the modules in the system are straightforward conversions of existing codes with a few improvements to allow more effective operation in the PC environment while other modules were specifically written for the PC code system. Four modules within the system are particularly useful for criticality safety applications: COMBINE/PC, a portable ENDF/B Version 5 neutron spectrum and cross-section generation program; KENO5A/PC, a three-dimensional Monte Carlo criticality module; ANISN/PC, a one-dimensional, discrete ordinates transport theory code; and DORT/PC, a two-dimensional, discrete ordinates transport theory code. A description of the codes and methods used in the analysis and the results of the benchmark critical experiments are presented inmore » this paper. In general, excellent agreement was found between calculated and experimental results. 19 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.« less
High-throughput elucidation of thrombus formation reveals sources of platelet function variability (2018)

In combination with microspotting, whole-blood microfluidics can provide high-throughput information on multiple platelet functions in thrombus formation. Based on assessment of the inter- and intra-subject variability in parameters of microspot-based thrombus formation, we aimed to determine the platelet factors contributing to this variation. Blood samples from 94 genotyped healthy subjects were analyzed for conventional platelet phenotyping: i.e. hematologic parameters, platelet glycoprotein (GP) expression levels and activation markers (24 parameters). Furthermore, platelets were activated by ADP, CRP-XL or TRAP. Parallel samples were investigated for whole-blood thrombus formation (6 microspots, providing 48 parameters of adhesion, aggregation and activation). Microspots triggered platelet activation through GP Ib-V-IX, GPVI, CLEC-2 and integrins. For most thrombus parameters, inter-subject variation was 2-4 times higher than the intra-subject variation. Principal component analyses indicated coherence between the majority of parameters for the GPVI-dependent microspots, partly linked to hematologic parameters, and glycoprotein expression levels. Prediction models identified parameters per microspot that were linked to variation in agonist-induced α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> activation and secretion. Common sequence variation of <i>GP6</i> and <i>FCER1G</i>, associated with GPVI-induced α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> activation and secretion, affected parameters of GPVI-and CLEC-2-dependent thrombus formation. Subsequent analysis of blood samples from patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia or storage pool disease revealed thrombus signatures of aggregation-dependent parameters that were subject-dependent, but not linked to GPVI activity. Taken together, this high-throughput elucidation of thrombus formation revealed patterns of inter-subject differences in platelet function, which were partly related to GPVI-induced activation and common genetic variance linked to GPVI, but also included a distinct platelet aggregation component.
Mapping fluxes of radicals from the combination of electrochemical activation and optical microscopy (2013)

The coating of gold (Au) electrode surfaces with nitrophenyl (NP) layers is studied by combination of electrochemical actuation and optical detection. The electrochemical actuation of the reduction of the nitrobenzenediazonium (NBD) precursor is used to generate NP radicals and therefore initiate the electrografting. The electrografting process is followed in situ and in real time by light reflectivity microscopy imaging, allowing for spatio-temporal imaging with sub-micrometer lateral resolution and sub-nanometer thickness sensitivity of the local growth of a transparent organic coating onto a reflecting Au electrode. The interest of the electrochemical actuation resides in its ability to finely control the grafting rate of the NP layer through the electrode potential. Coupling the electrochemical actuation with microscopic imaging of the electrode surface allows quantitative estimates of the local grafting rates and subsequently a real time and in situ mapping of the reacting fluxes of NP radicals on the surface. Over the 2 orders of magnitude range of grafting rates (from 0.04 to 4 nm s(-1)), it is demonstrated that the edge of Au electrodes are grafted -1.3 times more quickly than their centre, illustrating the manifestation of edge-effects on flux distribution at an electrode. A model is proposed to explain the observed edge-effect, it relies on the short lifetime of the intermediate NP radical species.
Studies on the Antibacterial Activity of 1-Substituted 1, 4-Dihydro-7-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl]-4-oxo-1, 8-naphthyridine Derivatives (1972)

The antibacterial activities of 64 naphthyridine derivatives were tested. Ultimately, potassium 1, 4-dihydro-1-methyl-7-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl]-4-oxo-1, 8 -naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (677K) was selected as the most active compound. Compound 677K exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Furthermore, 677K exhibited high activities against experimental infection of streptococci, diplococci, or staphylococci in mice when administered orally. The activity on diplococcal infection in mice was higher than that of aminobenzylpenicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfisomezole, and dihydroxymethylfuratrizine. The effect of 677K against experimental typhosis was small. Cross resistance was seen between 677K and DF, but not between 677K and NA.
A New Calix[6]arene-Based Uranophile with Phosphonate Groups as Ligands (1991)

Abstract A new calix[6]arene-based uranophile which has six phosphonomethyl groups on the upper rim was synthesized. This compound forms a 1 : 1 complex with uranyl ion (UO22+). The stability constant was estimated to be 1017.5 M−1, which is satisfactorily comparable with those for calix[6]arene-based uranophiles bearing OH or COOH groups on the lower rim.
ESUR prostate MR guidelines 2012 (2012)

This report provides guidelines for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer. Clinical indications, and minimal and optimal imaging acquisition protocols are provided. A structured reporting system (PI-RADS) is described.
Time-frequency analysis of signals using support adaptive Hermite-Gaussian (2012)

Article history: Available online 18 May 2012 Since Hermite-Gaussian (HG) functions provide an orthonormal basis with the most compact time- frequency supports (TFSs), they are ideally suited for time-frequency component analysis of finite energy signals. For a signal component whose TFS tightly fits into a circular region around the origin, HG function expansion provides optimal representation by using the fewest number of basis functions. However, for signal components whose TFS has a non-circular shape away from the origin, straight forward expansions require excessively large number of HGs resulting to noise fitting. Furthermore, for closely spaced signal components with non-circular TFSs, direct application of HG expansion cannot provide reliable estimates to the individual signal components. To alleviate these problems, by using expectation maximization (EM) iterations, we propose a fully automated pre-processing technique which identifies and transforms TFSs of individual signal components to circular regions centered around the origin so that reliable signal estimates for the signal components can be obtained. The HG expansion order for each signal component is determined by using a robust estimation technique. Then, the estimated components are post-processed to transform their TFSs back to their original positions. The proposed technique can be used to analyze signals with overlapping components as long as the overlapped supports of the components have an area smaller than the effective support of a Gaussian atom which has the smallest time-bandwidth product. It is shown that if the area of the overlap region is larger than this threshold, the components cannot be uniquely identified. Obtained results on the synthetic and real signals demonstrate the effectiveness for the proposed time-frequency analysis technique under severe noise cases.
Collisional effects in the blue wing of the Balmer-α line (2021)

In order to investigate the near wing of the Lyman- α line, accurate line profile calculations and molecular data are both required due to the existence of a close line satellite responsible for its asymmetrical shape. Lyman- α lines observed with the Cosmic Origin Spectograph on the Hubble Space Telescope show this peculiarity in the spectra of DBA and DA white dwarf stars. A similar asymmetrical shape in the blue wing can be predicted in the Balmer- α line of H perturbed by He and H atoms. In continuation with a very recent work on the Lyman- α line, where the n = 2 potential energies and transition dipole moments from the ground state were determined, we present new accurate H-He potential energies and electronic transition dipole moments involving the molecular states correlated with H( n = 3)+He and their transition dipole moments with the states correlated with H( n = 2)+He. Those new data and existing molecular data for H( n = 2,3)-H are used to provide a theoretical investigation of the collisional effects in the blue wing of the Balmer- α line of H perturbed by He and H atoms. We note the consequences for the Balmer- α line shape in the physical conditions found in the cool atmosphere of DZA white dwarfs where helium densities may be as high as 10 21 cm −3 . This study is undertaken with a unified theory of spectral line broadening valid at very high helium densities.
Regional screening network for characterization of the molecular epidemiology of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and implementation of personalized treatment. (2012)

CRA10529 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 12:01 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 4, 2012, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2012, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Dynamic polymeric membrane structures (1997)

Novel dynamic, polymeric membrane structures have been successfully prepared and used in electrochemically facilitated transport and separation of proteins. A high purity of human serum albumin (HSA) can be separated from a mixture containing equimolar concentrations of HSA and Myoglobin. Quartz crystal microbalance studies show that, in these cases of transport and separation, the overriding controlling factor was electrochemical control, although polymer/protein interactions do affect the transport fluxes.
First-in-Human Clinical Trial of Oral ONC201 in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> ONC201 is a small-molecule selective antagonist of the G protein-coupled receptor DRD2 that is the founding member of the imipridone class of compounds. A first-in-human phase I study of ONC201 was conducted to determine its recommended phase II dose (RP2D).<b>Experimental Design:</b> This open-label study treated 10 patients during dose escalation with histologically confirmed advanced solid tumors. Patients received ONC201 orally once every 3 weeks, defined as one cycle, at doses from 125 to 625 mg using an accelerated titration design. An additional 18 patients were treated at the RP2D in an expansion phase to collect additional safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic information.<b>Results:</b> No grade >1 drug-related adverse events occurred, and the RP2D was defined as 625 mg. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> of 1.5 to 7.5 μg/mL (∼3.9-19.4 μmol/L), mean half-life of 11.3 hours, and mean AUC of 37.7 h·μg/L. Pharmacodynamic assays demonstrated induction of caspase-cleaved keratin 18 and prolactin as serum biomarkers of apoptosis and DRD2 antagonism, respectively. No objective responses by RECIST were achieved; however, radiographic regression of several individual metastatic lesions was observed along with prolonged stable disease (>9 cycles) in prostate and endometrial cancer patients.<b>Conclusions:</b> ONC201 is a selective DRD2 antagonist that is well tolerated, achieves micromolar plasma concentrations, and is biologically active in advanced cancer patients when orally administered at 625 mg every 3 weeks. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4163-9. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A physic based model of antenna-coupled mom diodes for lwir harvesters smart systems (2015)

This work investigates and model at simulation level an energy micro-collector composed by rectennas arrays, that are connected in parallel and that harness significant amounts of infrared electromagnetic energy, in order to couple it with an efficient power management system able to manage the general load power request. The development of this numerical methodology, at starting level, can represents a concrete physical progress in the engineering knowledge of this field. Concerning CAD implementation, it is reported the feasibility of the frequency domain approach for the simulation of the MOM structure, being carrier transport equations usually solved in the time domain, especially for non-linear applications.
Ground Improvement. Modelling of Remediation of Polluted Soil by In-Situ Electrokinetic Treatment. (2000)

In order to investigate the efficiency of the in-situ electrokinetic method for the remediation of the soil contaminated with heavy metals, a mathematical model based on the physico-chemical transport phenomena has been constructed and the remediation process is simulated numerically with use of the model. The elecrokinetic remediation is realized by applying a fixed low voltage direct current between the anode and the cathode which are set into the contaminated zone and saturating the zone with purge water. The numerical simulations show that the electrokinetic method is effective for the remediation of the polluted soil especially with heavy metals. The electric current and the electric potential between the anode and the cathode are the important operational variables for the elecrokinetic remediation. It has been proved that the removal process can be divided into the two stages, i.e., the first stage and the second stage, according to the manner of the time variation of the electric current (i.e., the time variation of the spatial characteristics of the removal). The remediation process progresses from the anode to the cathode.
Bioceramics for Tissue Engineering Applications â€“ A Review (2006)

Three dimensional (3-D) scaffolds have been explored in an attempt to persuade the body to heal or repair tissues that do not do so spontaneously. Considerable advances in tissue engineering and regeneration have been accomplished over the last decade. However, the material and 3-D scaffolds ideal for optimal regeneration of missing or lost tissues has not been identified. While current materials and techniques have met with varying successes, each exhibits limitations that must be addressed. In addition, despite the large amount of research in the area of 3-D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering that has been performed over the past decade, there is an overall lack of success in bringing this technology to the clinic, especially for porous scaffolds used to restore large bone defects. This review paper will focus on the use of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials used for tissue engineering, the different known methods of scaffold synthesis, and some of the significant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical outcomes when these CaP scaffolds were used in patients.
AN ADAPTIVE NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING THE UTILITY OF HYPERSPECTRAL DATA (2008)

Although hyperspectral data can contribute to the discrimination between spectrally similar objects in the landscape (like tree species) the noisy nature of data from airborne scanners like the Airborne Visible Infrared/Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) limits the utility of this data. The minimum noise fraction (MNF) is a data transformation that is commonly used in hyperspectral image processing to align the data along axes of decreasing signal to noise ratio (SNR). Although the higher order components of the MNF have low SNRs, meaning the signal is highly degraded by noise, there is meaningful data in these MNF bands that contribute to applications such as classification. This paper proposes using a median filter with a kernel size that is inversely rela ted to the SNR ratios of the MNF bands in order to more aggressively filter noise in bands with low SNRs. After trans forming an AVIRIS dataset obtained over the Appomattox Buckingham State Forest in Virginia to MNF coordinates and applying this progressive filter, a stepwise discriminant analysis was used to select bands useful in identifying thre e pine species (loblolly, shortleaf, and Virginia). Using this progressive nonlinear filter resulted in a classificati on accuracy increase from 86% using the MNF dataset without filtration to 99% with the progressive filtration. Furthermo re, the bands selected by the discriminant analysis for the filtered MNF data were generally much higher in number than th e corresponding bands selected for the unfiltered MNF data.
Haplotypes, Loss of Heterozygosity, and Expression Levels of Glycine N-Methyltransferase in Prostate Cancer (2007)

Our findings suggest that GNMT is a tumor susceptibility gene for prostate cancer.
Guaranteed quality-of-service wireless access to ATM networks (1997)

We study the problem of wireless access to asynchronous transfer modes (ATMs). We consider three classes of ATM sources: constant bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR), and available bit rate (ABR). We propose a polling scheme with nonpreemptive priority. Under such a scheme, we derive sufficient conditions such that all the CBR sources satisfy their jitter constraints and all the VBR sources satisfy their delay constraints. The remaining bandwidth is used by the ABR sources, for which we adapt a random access scheme proposed by Chen and Lee (1994). For this random access scheme, we derive the throughput-offer load characteristic, and thus the capacity. Based on this, we propose adaptive random access schemes that track the offer load to its optimal value. Our simulations show that our adaptive schemes maintain a high throughput with respect to the whole range of system load.
Portal venous tumor growth-type of hepatocellular carcinoma without liver parenchyma tumor nodules: a case report (2013)

The patient was a 43-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B without history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who was first diagnosed with thrombosis in right portal vein trunk and portal vein branches and ruptured esophageal varices in October 2011. He underwent endoscopic variceal ligation, but ruptured repeatedly. Despite anti-coagulant therapy, the thrombosis expanded from right portal vein trunk to upper mesenteric vein in March 2012. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed that portal vein thrombosis had low density from early to late phase. No focal liver lesions were identified by CT scan or ultrasound, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was within normal range. He died by intractable esophageal variceal bleeding in April 2012. Pathological examination of autopsy specimen showed that portal vein thrombosis was consistent with poorly-differentiated HCC. The portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) had only a few tumor vessels, which were compressed by fibromatous change originating from HCC formation, so were represented as low-density lesions from arterial to portal phase of CT. In addition, PVTT was negative for AFP, so representing serum value of AFP within normal range. PVTT had positive staining for c-kit, which is a liver stem cell marker. Liver tumors in the whole liver parenchyma were not found pathologically. PVTT might have the characteristics of presumed liver cancer stem cells. We experienced the first case of HCC only in portal vein without liver parenchyma tumor nodules, with difficult differential diagnosis from a non-malignant portal vein thrombosis. We also reported new tumor profiles of the portal venous tumor growth- type of HCC.
Rohstoff‐ und energiesparende Verfahrensentwicklungen bei den Grundprodukten der anorganischen Phosphor‐Chemie (1978)

Abstract The energy crisis, and developments in the phosphorus industry for the economic production of basic products . A general shortage of power has culminated in attempts to switch over from energy intensive to energy‐saving processes. This is exemplified with reference to the field of inorganic phosphorus chemistry. Modern recrystallization processes for making wet‐processed phosphoric acid, proceed via the calcium sulfate semihydrate stage, and yield crude phosphoric acid in increased concentration. The steam normally required for concentrating the acid is thus saved. Heat of neutralization is utilized for evaporating water, for example, in a TV A process for making ammonium polyphosphate from commercial crude phosphoric acid and ammonia. Economic evaluation data reflect the economy (reduction of costs) of the above processes in comparison with those used heretofore. The purification of wet‐processed phosphoric acid by an improved precipitation method – particularly in the intermediates sector – and by modern extraction techniques are described as alternatives to the electro‐thermal production of phosphoric acid. A detailed description is given of one such process, where amyl alcohol is used as the solvent.