gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal identification in human anti-hemophilia A factor (factor VIII). (1993)

Anti-hemophilia A factor (FVIII) consists in different heterodimers of heavy and light chains associated by a metallic ion. The integrity of this complex is indispensable for procoagulant activity. Atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman effect has been applied to determine the nature of this metal. For this purpose, the different active forms of FVIII were separated by FPLC and characterized by SDS-PAGE. Two peaks were observed, the first corresponding to different FVIII complexes of high molecular mass (ranging from 210-80 kDa to 110-80 kDa) and the second to the heavy-light chain dimer of 90-80 kDa. In all these active fractions, copper atom was identified and a proportionality was measured between the metal concentration and the coagulant activity. Furthermore, the determination of copper and FVIII concentrations indicated that only one copper atom is implicated in the 90-80 kDa association.
Impact of upfront randomization for postoperative treatment on quality of surgery in the CRITICS gastric cancer trial (2018)

Surgical quality parameters were similar in both study arms in the CRITICS gastric cancer trial, indicating that upfront randomization for postoperative treatment had no impact on the quality of surgery. A Maruyama Index below five was associated with better overall survival.
La marine militaire - MICHEL REDDÉ , MARE NOSTRUM. LES INFRASTRUCTURES, LE DISPOSITIF ET L'HISTOIRE DE LA MARINE MILITAIRE SOUS L'EMPIRE ROMAIN (Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome 260, 1986; diffusion De Boccard, 11 rue de Médicis, Paris). 737 pages. 535 FF. ISBN 2-7283-0114-X. (1989)

La marine militaire - MICHEL REDDÉ , MARE NOSTRUM. LES INFRASTRUCTURES, LE DISPOSITIF ET L'HISTOIRE DE LA MARINE MILITAIRE SOUS L'EMPIRE ROMAIN (Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome 260, 1986; diffusion De Boccard, 11 rue de Médicis, Paris). 737 pages. 535 FF. ISBN 2-7283-0114-X. - Volume 2
The Detection of an Extremely Bright Fast Radio Burst in a Phased Array Feed Survey (2024)

We report the detection of an ultra-bright fast radio burst (FRB) from a modest, 3.4-day pilot survey with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. The survey was conducted in a wide-field fly's-eye configuration using the phased-array-feed technology deployed on the array to instantaneously observe an effective area of 160 deg2, and achieve an exposure totaling 13200 deg2 hr . We constrain the position of FRB 170107 to a region in size (90% containment) and its fluence to be 58 ±6 Jy ms. The spectrum of the burst shows a sharp cutoff above 1400 MHz, which could be due to either scintillation or an intrinsic feature of the burst. This confirms the existence of an ultra-bright (∼ Jy ms) population of FRBs.
G protein measurements: An empirical tool for the diagnosis of affective disorders (2000)

There is a significant gap between advances in medication for mental disorders and the present static situation concerning diagnosis and monitoring treatments in these disorders. Although significant morbidity is associated with depression, failure to appropriately diagnose individuals remains the primary obstacle to the effective management of this disorder. Heterotrimeric G proteins are a crucial point of convergence in the transmission of signals from a variety of primary messengers and their membrane receptors to their intracellular effectors. The increasing interest in the clinical perspective of altered G protein function has yielded important findings concerning the involvement of G proteins in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and in the biochemical mechanisms underlying the treatment of these disorders: 1) Lithium inhibition of β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor-coupled G protein function was suggested as a single molecular site for both its antimanic and antidepressant therapeutic effects. Other antibipolar treatments were found to exert similar effects on G protein function. 2) Increased G protein functional and immunoreactive measures were detected in peripheral blood elements of patients with mania and in postmortem cerebral cortices of bipolar patients. 3) Reduced measures of G proteins were found in large-scale studies of lymphocytes from patients with depression and of SAD patients during winter depression. 4) Alterations in function and in quantity of both Gs and Gi are significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptomatology. 5) Normalization of G protein measures in mood-disordered patients occurred under lithium, antidepressants, and ECT, as well as light therapy. 6) No structural or regulatory abnormalities in the gene for the Gsα subunit were found in patients with bipolar disorder. As a state-dependent marker, G protein measures might be potentially used as an aid in the biochemical diagnosis of mood disorders and for the biochemical monitoring of the response to a specific treatment. Drug Dev. Res. 50:316–323, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO EVIDENCE‐CENTERED DESIGN (2003)

ABSTRACT Evidence‐centered assessment design (ECD) is an approach to constructing educational assessments in terms of evidentiary arguments. This paper provides an introduction to the basic ideas of ECD, as well as some of the terminology and models that have been developed to implement the approach. In particular, it presents the high‐level models of the Conceptual Assessment Framework (CAF) and the Four‐process Delivery Architecture for assessment delivery systems. Special attention is given to the role of probability‐based reasoning in accumulating evidence across task performances, in terms of belief about unobservable variables that characterize the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities of students. This is the role traditionally associated with psychometric models, such as those of item response theory (IRT) and latent class models. To unify the ideas and to provide a foundation for extending probability‐based reasoning in assessment applications more broadly, however, a more general expression in terms of graphical models is indicated. This brief overview of evidence‐centered design provides the reader with a feel for where and how graphical models fit into the larger enterprise of educational and psychological assessment. A simple example based on familiar large‐scale standardized tests such as the Graduate Record Examinations ® (GRE ® ) is used to fix ideas.
Adversarial and Clean Data Are Not Twins (2023)

Adversarial attack has cast a shadow on the massive success of deep neural networks. Despite being almost visually identical to the clean data, the adversarial images can fool deep neural networks into the wrong predictions with very high confidence. Adversarial training, as the most prevailing defense technique, suffers from class-wise unfairness and model-dependent challenges. In this paper, we propose to detect and eliminate adversarial data in databases prior to data processing in supporting robust and secure AI workloads. We empirically show that we can build a binary classifier separating the adversarial apart from the clean data with high accuracy. We also show that the binary classifier is robust to a second-round adversarial attack. In other words, it is difficult to disguise adversarial samples to bypass the binary classifier. Furthermore, we empirically investigate the generalization limitation which lingers on all current defensive methods, including the binary classifier approach. And we hypothesize that this is the result of the intrinsic property of adversarial crafting algorithms. Our experiments ascertain that adversarial and clean data are two different datasets that can be separated with a binary classifier, which can serve as a portable component to detect and eliminate adversarial data in an end-to-end data management pipeline.
Potential GABAB Receptor Antagonists. VI. The Synthesis of Saclofen and Other Sulfonic Acid Derivatives (1992)

Saclofen, 3-amino-2-(4chlorophenyl) propanesulfonic acid (3), has been synthesized by two routes. Attempts to hydrogenolyse or dehydrate the 2-hydroxy derivative were unsuccessful, however. Radical sulfonation of 3-amino-1-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl) propene gave 3-amino-2- (4-chlorophenyl)propene-1-sulfonic acid (6) which was readily reduced to (3). Alternatively, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phthalimidopropene underwent radical addition of thioacetic acid, and oxidation of the product to the sulfonyl chloride and hydrolysis gave (3). The corresponding sulfonamide (4) was also prepared. The acid (3) is a powerful specific antagonist of GABA at the GABAB receptor, while (4) and (6) are only weak antagonists.
Computational Study of Metal Contacts to Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Semiconductors (2014)

Modern electronics rely on semiconductors such as silicon. Researchers show how a new class of semiconductors---monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides---can be optimized to improve device performance.
Trends in primary surgical resection and chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, 2000-2016. (2020)

e16000 Background: When, whether and in whom resection of the primary tumor for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is indicated remains incompletely elucidated, although a recent randomized trial (JCOG1007, presented at GI ASCO 2020) showed no survival benefit in resection of asymptomatic primary tumors in this population. Given the emergence of multiagent chemotherapy, surgery may be used less, but patterns of care for metastatic CRC have not been reported. As such, we sought to evaluate trends in use of primary surgical resection and chemotherapy among patients with metastatic CRC. Methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC between 2000-2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. Multivariable logistic regression defined odds of undergoing primary surgical resection, with year of diagnosis as the primary independent variable. The cohort analysis was also stratified by primary site (colon versus rectum), age ( &lt; 50 vs. &gt;50 years) and whether patients also underwent resection of metastatic sites (yes versus no). The secondary endpoint of interest was receipt of any chemotherapy, also assessed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 99,835 patients with metastatic CRC, 55,527 (55.7%) underwent resection of their primary tumor. The odds of undergoing primary surgery decreased with later year of diagnosis, with patients diagnosed in 2016 61.1% less likely to undergo surgery than those diagnosed in 2000 (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36-0.42, p &lt; 0.0001; absolute percent 62.3% to 43.8%). Black patients and women were also less likely to have surgery (p &lt; 0.001). Similar trends by year for primary surgery were observed among each of the subgroups, although patients with colon primary, young adults (age &lt; 50), and patients also undergoing metastatectomy were more likely to undergo primary surgery (p &lt; 0.001 for all). In contrast, the odds of receiving chemotherapy increased dramatically with later year of diagnosis, with patients diagnosed in 2016 221% more likely to receive chemotherapy than those diagnosed in 2000 (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 2.04 to 2.40, p &lt; 0.0001; 45.5% to 64.0%). Conclusions: From 2000-2016, we observed a sharp decline in the rate of primary surgical resection for patients with metastatic CRC, while use of chemotherapy increased over the same period. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal local treatment for patients with metastatic CRC, perhaps with stratification by molecular and clinical characteristics, in order to optimize both cancer-specific and symptomatic outcomes.
Development of a Unified Research Platform for Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Integration Analysis Utilizing the Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Concept (2011)

This paper addresses the establishment of a kVA-range plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) integration test platform and associated issues. Advancements in battery and power electronic technology, hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly dependent on the electrical energy provided by the batteries. Minimal or no support by the internal combustion engine may result in the vehicle being occasionally unable to recharge the batteries during highly dynamic driving that occurs in urban areas. The inability to sustain its own energy source creates a situation where the vehicle must connect to the electrical grid in order to recharge its batteries. The effects of a large penetration of electric vehicles connected into the grid are still relatively unknown. This paper presents a novel methodology that will be utilized to study the effects of PHEV charging at the sub-transmission level. The proposed test platform utilizes the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept in conjunction with high-fidelity PHEV energy system simulation models. The battery, in particular, is simulated utilizing a real-time digital simulator (<TEX>$RTDS^{TM}$</TEX>) which generates appropriate control commands to a power electronics-based voltage amplifier that interfaces via a LC-LC-type filter to a power grid. In addition, the PHEV impact is evaluated via another power electronic converter controlled through <TEX>$dSPACE^{TM}$</TEX>, a rapid control systems prototyping software.
Control of growth hormone (GH) binding protein release from human hepatoma cells expressing full-length GH receptor. (1995)

In humans and rabbits, the circulating GH binding protein (GHBP) is released from the GH receptor by cleavage at a site proximal to the cell surface. There is evidence that GHBP status is predictive of GH responsiveness, presumably because it reflects GH receptor status. This assumes that GHBP release is not a regulated step. Here we report a model for study of GHBP release that provides some insight into this question. Human HepG2 cells were stably transfected with rabbit GH receptor and shown to be responsive to nonprimate (bovine) GH, indicating functionality of the transfected receptor. These cells released GHBP of the expected size, and this release could be increased by incubation with a phorbol ester, which stimulated receptor synthesis through the cytomegalovirus promoter. We surveyed a wide range of protease inhibitors both with and without streptolysin-O permeabilization, with the intention of defining the endogenous protease. Of 16 inhibitors, only benzamidine proved an effective inhibitor of release, indicating the existence of a novel protease. We could increase GHBP release with a membrane impermeable thiol blocker, suggesting activation of a membrane protease. We examined the ability of IGF-1, insulin, dexamethasone, sex steroids, and T4 to influence GHBP release. Although these agents are known to be effective in the parent hepatoma line, none were effective in modulating GHBP release, although GH itself decreased release by around 30% as assessed with a ligand immunofunctional assay. We conclude that GHBP release appears to be constitutive in this model and driven by receptor availability. This is consistent with an in vivo situation where circulating GHBP provides an index of hepatic receptor expression.
WOM codes with uninformed encoder (2015)

Write-once memory (WOM) is a storage device consisting of q-ary cells that can only increase their value. A WOM code is a coding scheme which allows one to write multiple times to the WOM without decreasing the levels of the cells. In the conventional model of WOM, it is assumed that the encoder can read the memory state before encoding, while the decoder reads only the memory state after encoding, but not before that. However, there are three more models in this setup. We follow an earlier work by Wolf et al. who studied the capacity results of all possible four models in which the encoder/decoder is or is not informed with the previous state of the memory before encoding, respectively. The two challenging models we study here assume that the encoder is uninformed with the memory state (that is, the encoder cannot read the memory prior to encoding). We show that if the decoder is also uninformed with the memory state before encoding, then codes in the Z channel provide constructions for the binary case, and codes correcting non-binary asymmetric errors are used for non-binary codes. In case the decoder is informed with the previous state, then erasure-correcting codes are invoked in the binary case, and codes in the Manhattan distance are used for the non-binary case.
Virulence of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis aflagellate and afimbriate mutants in a day-old chick model (1999)

Certain fimbriae and the flagellae of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium have been shown to contribute to attachment and invasion of gut epithelium in the murine typhoid infection model and to contribute to pathogenesis in the chick. However, little is known of the role these organelles play in Enteritidis poultry infections and, to study this, day-old chicks were dosed orally in separate experiments with defined multiply afimbriate and/or aflagellate mutant strains of Enteritidis. The colonization and invasion characteristics of each mutant were compared with those of the isogenic wild type strain by the determination of the number of bacteria recovered from livers and spleens at known time points post infection. Compared with wild type Enteritidis, a mutant unable to express flagella but retaining the genetic potential to express fimbriae was recovered post mortem from livers and spleens in significantly reduced numbers compared to the isogenic wild-type at all time points post infection (P < 0.001). Conversely, a flagellate but multiply afimbriate mutant (defective for the elaboration of five different fimbrial types) and a flagellate but non-motile 'paralysed' mutant were recovered from livers and spleens in similar numbers to the wild-type. The data suggested that Enteritidis flagella, but not fimbriae, played an important role in pathogenesis in the chick model and that the flagellar apparatus itself and not motility per se contributed significantly to this role.
Conversion of anilines into derivatives of cyclohexa-2,5-dienones (1970)

The reaction of p-substituted N-chloro-anilines with silver ion in the presence of methanol gives good yields of derivatives of cyclohexa-2,5-dienone, and provides added evidence for the intermediacy of anilenium ions.
Computational Geometry for Design and Manufacture (1979)

Focusing on the mathematical techniques for the representation, analysis and synthesis of'shape information'by computers. There is a discussion of splines and related means for defining composite curves and'patched'surfaces, and coverage of both parametric and non-parametric techniques. The book is primarily concerned with the mathematics of the various methods. A good introductory text to surface modelling
Systemic Treatment of Severe Psoriasis (1991)

The pathogenesis of psoriasis, which affects approximately 2 percent of the population of the United States and Northern Europe, remains obscure. It is recognized that the disease is genetically determined, but the precise mode of inheritance has not been defined.Psoriasis is most commonly of the plaque type, manifested by disfiguring erythematous scaling plaques that frequently localize on the extensor aspects of the body, especially the knees and elbows, and on the scalp. It can, however, become more extensive and occasionally affect entire areas of the body, and is then called erythrodermic or exfoliative psoriasis. Patients with extensive disease are . . .
Some Aspects of the Performance of High-Speed Lightly Loaded Cylindrical Roller Bearings (1962)

The paper deals with the wear problems which are sometimes experienced when operating parallel cylindrical roller bearings at high speed, with jet lubrication, in turbine mainshaft bearing practice Tests show that considerable cage slip often takes place, as reported by previous investigators, the cage and roller assembly travelling at speeds lower than that predicted from the epicyclic relationship It is concluded that hydrodynamic lubrication normally occurs between the rollers and races when appreciable cage slip takes place. If the radial load on the bearing suddenly increases under these conditions, the hydrodynamic film is not always able entirely to prevent metallic contact and wear of the rollers and races Further experimental work is required before complete understanding of the problem can be obtained. Tentative recommendations, however, are made for minimizing the incidence of this type of wear in practice
PD behaviour of basic test arrangements under different measurement and evaluation conditions (2011)

The PD behaviour of so called basic test arrangements as for corona discharge or other discharge sources seems to be well known from the physical side of view. On the other hand the measurement results and, in the same manner, their identification and interpretation can be different, because this is depending on the measurement or evaluation conditions. Therefore some typical corona basic arrangements representing corona needle-plane, needle-plane with insulating material and needle-sphere are investigated. The measurements are carried out under different measurement conditions especially the selected frequency range of the measuring system. For some effects the reproducibly, the voltage dependence and the changes over time of the PD behaviour are investigated. These results were evaluated using the applied and the updated version of IEC 60270. Furthermore the IEC 60270 and additional publications provide a lot of possible of the post evaluation of the measured PD signals. In this paper the most and most recognized values are compared at the well defined laboratory set ups as defined. Additional these results are compared with the results of the Pulse-Sequence-Analyzing method. The presented results show surprisingly characteristic shapes of the PD pattern, which allow the better classification of the types of PD sources and their identification respectively.