gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of sarcopenia and malnutrition in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (2021)

Abstract Background Sarcopenia and malnutrition are associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with chronic heart failure. However, there is little information available on the prognostic significance of the combination of sarcopenia and malnutrition in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), relating to reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF or HFpEF). Methods We prospectively studied 543 consecutive ADHF patients who survived to discharge (HFrEF [LVEF &amp;lt;45%] n=245 and HFpEF [LVEF≥45%] n=298). At the discharge, sarcopenia and malnutrition was evaluated by free-fat mass index (FFMI) and geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), respectively. FFMI was calculated as follows: FFMI = (7.38 + 0.02908 × urinary creatinine [mg/day])/ (height in meter)2. Sarcopenia was defined as FFMI &amp;lt;17 kg/m2 in men and &amp;lt;15 kg/m2 in women. GNRI was calculated as follows: 14.89 × serum albumin (g/dl) + 41.7 × BMI/22, and malnutrition was defined as GNRI&amp;lt;92. The endpoint was all-cause death. Results During a follow-up period of 2.8±1.4 years, 161 patients had all-cause death. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that both FFMI and GNRI were independently associated with all-cause death in both HFrEF (p=0.0064 and p&amp;lt;0.0001, respectively) and HFpEF patients (p=0.0140 and p=0.0007, respectively) after adjustment for relevant baseline clinical and study characteristics. In HFrEF, patients with both sarcopenia and malnutrition had a significantly higher risk of the total mortality than those with either or none of them. On the other hand, in HFpEF, patients with both and either sarcopenia or malnutrition had a significantly higher risk of the total mortality than those with none of them, while there was no significant difference in the risk between both and either sarcopenia or malnutrition. Conclusions Sarcopenia or malnutrition at discharge was associated with all-cause death even in ADHF patients, irrespective of reduced or preserved LVEF. The combination of sarcopenia and malnutrition could provide prognostic information in ADHF patients with reduced LVEF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1
A research and training center model – the Weizmann Institute of Science (2020)

Abstract The Weizmann Institute of Science is one of the world’s leading multidisciplinary basic research institutions in the natural sciences and mathematics. It is located in Rehovot, some 40 km west of Jerusalem, Israel. The Weizmann Institute has already a considerable history of fundamental research and discovery achievements, all driven by curiosity and creativity that led to remarkable appreciation. Inherent to its being an active research center, the Weizmann Institute has, already from its inception, been playing a major role in educating a substantial proportion of Israel’s scientific leadership.
Efficient Single Muscle Fiber Isolation from Alcohol-Fixed Adult Muscle following β-Galactosidase Staining for Satellite Cell Detection (2010)

Staining for β-galactosidase activity for whole tissues, sections, and cells is a common method to detect expression of β-galactosidase reporter transgene as well as senescence-dependent β-galactosidase activity. Choice of fixatives is a critical step for detection of β-galactosidase activity, subsequent immunostaining, and enzymatic digestion of tissue to dissociate cells. In this report, the authors examined several aldehyde and alcohol fixatives in mouse skeletal muscle tissues for their efficiency at improving detection of β-galactosidase activity as well as detection by immunostaining. In addition, fixatives were also analyzed for their efficiency for collagenase digestion to isolate single muscle fibers on postfixed β-galactosidase-stained whole skeletal muscle tissues. The results show that fixing cells with isopropanol yields the greatest reliability and intensity in both β-galactosidase staining as well as double staining for β-galactosidase activity and antibodies. In addition, isopropanol and ethanol, but not glutaraldehyde or paraformaldehyde, allow for the isolation of single muscle fibers from the diaphragm and tibialis anterior muscles following postfixed β-galactosidase staining. Using this method, it is possible to identify the amount of cells that occupy the satellite cell compartment in single muscle fibers prepared from any muscle tissues, including tibialis anterior muscle and diaphragm.
Effect of organic solvents on enantioselectivity of protease catalysis (1997)

The protease-catalyzed transesterifications between N-trifluoroacetyl-DL-phenylalanine 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester and 1-propanol were studied in a variety of anhydrous organic solvents at 30 degrees C. The protease preparations lyophilized from phosphate buffer solutions (pH 8.0) were used as catalysts. The organic solvent affected both rate of reaction and enantioselectivity differently. Proteases such as Aspergillus oryzae protease, subtilisin Carlsberg, and subtilisin BPN' always preferred the L-enantiomer in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents, indicating no inversion of the L-specificity in hydrophobic solvents such as toluene. However, enantioselectivity was rather poor, with E (enantiomeric ratio) values not exceeding even one order of magnitude except for acetonitrile. There was a weak inverse correlation between E values of subtilisin Carlsberg and solvent hydrophobicity (logP). Acetonitrile was a preferable solvent in terms of both rate of reaction and enantioselectivity (E= 15 to 25) for processing L-amino acid derivatives in organic media. Organic solvents generally have potential advantages of processing D-amino acid derivatives. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical Discrete Multi-tone for Software-defined Optical Packet Switching over Optical Circuit Switching Network (2014)

We have reported the results on transmission experiments to enhance the variable range of transmission capacity and distance on optical DMT technology, which is attractive for bandwidth variable transceiver in software defined optical network.
Workflow-Based User Environment for High Performance Computing (2007)

In high performance computing environment in many fields, to finish a task requires not only computing service, but also data service and all kinds of device services, which results in different relation dependences and is very complex. However, job management systems such as PBS, LSF, and Condor and so on, only support time dependence among jobs, and are short of fault-tolerance and complete flow control. Workflow-based user environment for high performance computing is successfully applied in petroleum geophysics, which not only benefits construction and control of task flow, but also enhances all kinds of relation dependences and flow semantics, especially for the workflow engine based on event model with checkpoint function. It provides good reliability. Thus, workflow-based user environment for high performance computing can be flexibly suitable for other different user environments.
Fortschritte bei katalytischen intramolekularen C‐H‐Aminierungen (2005)

Die nitreninduzierte C-H-Aminierung (siehe Schema) ist eine elegante C-N-Verknüpfungsmethode. In diesem Highlight sind intramolekulare Reaktionen beschrieben, die übergangsmetallkatalysiert und enantioselektiv verlaufen und sich ideal als wirkungsvolle Synthesemethoden für die Naturstoffsynthese eignen.
Supplementary Table S2 from Gene Expression Changes in an Animal Melanoma Model Correlate with Aggressiveness of Human Melanoma Metastases (2023)

Supplementary Table S2 from Gene Expression Changes in an Animal Melanoma Model Correlate with Aggressiveness of Human Melanoma Metastases
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Morbidly Obese Women: Pilot Study (2004)

Morbid obesity is associated with a significant negative impact on urogenital health. Sexual function did not seem to be affected in women who are morbidly obese.
Microbial Transformations of TRU and Mixed Wastes: Actinide Speciation and Waste Volume Reduction (2006)

During the past year, both a graduate student and a visiting summer undergraduate research assistant have conducted experiments concerning interaction of metals with fresh and aged cellulosic materials.
The LOCUS Distributed System Architecture (1986)

LOCUS, a distributed version of the popular operating system Unix, provides an excellent solution. It makes a collection of computers, whether they are workstations or mainframes, as easy to use as a single computer by providing a set of supports for the underlying network that is virtually invisible to users and - applications programs. Computer systems consisting of many machines will be the norm within a few years. However, making a collection of machines appear as a single, coherent system - in which the location of files, servers, programs, or users is invisible to users who do not wish to know - is a very difficult problem. LOCUS, a distributed version of the popular operating system Unix, provides an excellent solution. It makes a collection of computers, whether they are workstations or mainframes, as easy to use as a single computer by providing a set of supports for the underlying network that is virtually invisible to users and - applications programs. This "network transparency" dramatically reduces the cost of developing and maintaining software, and considerably improves the user model of the system. It also permits a variety of system configurations, including diskless workstations, full duplex I/O to large mainframes, transparently shared peripherals, and incremental growth from one workstation to a large network including mainframes with no effect on applications software required to take advantage of the altered configurations. In addition to transparent, distributed operation, LOCUS features also include high performance and reliability; full Unix compatibility, support for heterogeneous machines and systems, automatic management of replicated file storage; and architectural extensions to support extensive interprocess communication and internetworking. Contents The LOCUS Architecture • Distributed Operation and Transparency • The LOCUS Distributed Filesystem • Remote Tasking • Filesystem Recovery • Dynamic Reconfiguration of LOCUS • Heterogeneity • System Management • Appendixes: LOCUS Version Vector Mechnism • LOCUS Internal Network Messages The LOCUS Distributed System Architecture is included in the Computer Systems series, edited by Herb Schwetman.
Osseous Expansion of the Cranial Vault by Craniotasis (1992)

A study of cranial vault lengthening using a custom expandable fixation-distraction (craniotatic) appliance was performed in the young-adult rabbit model. Ten 24-week-old rabbits underwent circumferential suturectomy plus expansion (expanded group), 10 underwent circumferential suturectomy without expansion (sham control group), and 10 served as normal controls. The appliance was lengthened at a rate of 2.5 mm per week for 5 weeks. Serial lateral cephalometry, comparative dry-skull anthropometric measurements, and histologic examinations were performed. The expanded group demonstrated a significantly longer skull, cranial vault, anterior cranial base, posterior face, and orbit as compared with the control groups (p less than 0.05). Callus bone filled the distracted suturectomy and united the frontofacial complex to the posterior cranium. In conclusion, skull lengthening by distraction osteogenesis is possible in the rabbit model and offers a new technique for future investigation in the treatment of coronal synostosis.
Design and adsorption of modular engineered proteins to prepare customized, neuron-compatible coatings (2009)

Neural prosthetic implants are currently being developed for the treatment and study of both peripheral and central nervous system disorders. Effective integration of these devices upon implantation is a critical hurdle to achieving function. As a result, much attention has been directed towards the development of biocompatible coatings that prolong their in vivo lifespan. In this work, we present a novel approach to fabricate such coatings, which specifically involves the use of surface-adsorbed, nanoscale-designed protein polymers to prepare reproducible, customized surfaces. A nanoscale modular design strategy was employed to synthesize six engineered, recombinant proteins intended to mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and elastin as well as the cell-cell adhesive protein neural cell adhesion molecule. Physical adsorption isotherms were experimentally determined for these engineered proteins, allowing for direct calculation of the available ligand density present on coated surfaces. As confirmation that ligand density in these engineered systems impacts neuronal cell behavior, we demonstrate that increasing the density of fibronectin-derived RGD ligands on coated surfaces while maintaining uniform protein surface coverage results in enhanced neurite extension of PC-12 cells. Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants.
The inheritance of anaphylactic sensitivity in mice using bovine plasma albumin as an antigen. (1959)

Birth control vaccines constitute a new category of vaccines. Immunization with the objective of selectively blocking a physiological process differs in many respects from immunizing against pathogens. Conceptually, these widen the orbit of therapeutic intervention by immunological methods. Success recorded in making vaccines regulating fertility offers models to regulate any other physiological process in the body. At a practical level, the task of making such vaccines is beset with inherent difficulties and with new challenges. This article, dedicated to Avrion Mitchison, aims to discuss these problems and to record successes wherever achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Salts of 4‐(2‐ Dialkylaminoethyl)pyrrolo(1,2‐a)benzimidazoles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Telomerase RNA mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae alter telomerase action and reveal nonprocessivity in vivo and in vitro. (1997)

The ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase adds telomeric DNA to chromosomal ends. In most eukaryotes the telomeric repeat units are repeated precisely, consistent with the action of a telomerase that faithfully copies its RNA template. In contrast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeric repeats are degenerate, suggesting that its telomerase has unusual mechanistic properties. We mutated the S. cerevisiae telomerase RNA (TLC1) with a series of 3-base (GUG) substitutions in and next to the 17-nucleotide templating domain. All mutant telomerases were active in TLC1/tlc1 diploids and synthesized patterns of mixed wild-type and mutant telomeric repeats into telomeric DNA, consistent with nonprocessive action. Telomerase isolated from cells containing each mutated tlc1 allele by itself had altered reaction properties in vitro. One mutant template enzyme, 476GUG, was active in vivo and in vitro in the presence of wild-type TLC1 RNA but lacked detectable activity in its absence. Haploid tlc1-476GUG cells containing only this mutant tlc1 allele underwent senescence. Other tlc1 template region mutations allowed maintenance of shortened telomeres in vivo but altered specific enzymatic properties of telomerase in vitro, including induction of primer-template slippage (472GUG) or alteration of the 5' boundary of the template (467GUG). These data demonstrate that telomerase RNA bases influence enzyme activity profoundly, suggesting that their roles are not confined to serving simply as the template for this specialized reverse transcriptase.
A shared 336 kb haplotype associated with the belt pattern in three divergent cattle breeds (2009)

We recently mapped the belt mutation in Brown Swiss cattle to a 922 kb interval on BTA3. In this study, we analysed two additional cattle breeds with the belted phenotype: Galloway and Dutch Belted (Lakenvelder). By genotyping microsatellites in solid-coloured and belted Galloways, we confirmed that the belt mutation in Galloways is strongly associated with the same chromosomal locus as in Brown Swiss cattle. Subsequently, we analysed 36 SNPs in the belt interval in three breeds. We identified a single belt-associated haplotype for each of the analysed breeds. The three breed-specific belt haplotypes share alleles in four blocks. Three of these blocks comprise only one single or two consecutive markers, while the largest shared haplotype block encompasses nine consecutive SNPs in a 336 kb interval. The large shared haplotype across divergent breeds suggests a common mutation for the belt phenotype in all three breeds. We identified a potential candidate gene within this interval coding for the developmental transcription factor HES6. We re-sequenced the complete HES6 coding sequence in belted and solid-coloured cattle but did not find belt-associated polymorphisms. In conclusion, our data provide strong evidence in favour of a common founder for the belt phenotype in different cattle breeds and have resulted in an improved fine-mapping of the causative mutation.
Thermal Barrier and Protective Coatings to Improve the Durability of a Combustor under a Pulse Detonation Engine Environment (2007)

Pulse detonation engine (PDE) concepts are receiving increasing attention for future aeronautic propulsion applications, due to their potential thermodynamic cycle efficiency and higher thrust to density ratio that lead to the decrease in fuel consumption. But the resulting high gas temperature and pressure fluctuation distributions at high frequency generated with every detonation are viewed to be detrimental to the combustor liner material. Experimental studies on a typical metal combustion material exposed to a laser simulated pulse heating showed extensive surface cracking. Coating of the combustor materials with low thermal conductivity ceramics is shown to protect the metal substrate, reduce the thermal stresses, and hence increase the durability of the PDE combustor liner material. Furthermore, the temperature fluctuation and depth of penetration is observed to decrease with increasing the detonation frequency. A crack propagation rate in the coating is deduced by monitoring the variation of the coating apparent thermal conductivity with time that can be utilized as a health monitoring technique for the coating system under a rapid fluctuating heat flux.
The Interactive 3D BreakAway Map: a navigation and examination aid for multi-floor 3D worlds (2005)

In this paper, we propose the Interactive 3D BreakAway Map (I3BAM), an extension of the well-known Worlds In Miniature (R. Stoakley et al., 1995). The I3BAM supports user navigation in virtual buildings as a navigation aid, but also provides a means of examining any floor of a virtual building without having to necessarily navigate it. The aid presents multiple views of a virtual building and provides information about both the internal and external structure of a building. The paper also includes some implementation details and shows an application of the I3BAM to help users learn how to navigate real buildings.
Radiation-induced effects in glass windows for optical readout GEM-based detectors (2021)

Abstract In this paper we present irradiation measurements performed to select a transparent anode substrate that best meets the requirements of an optical readout for a novel detector, the LaGEMPix. The modification of the optical properties of the material due to proton irradiation were studied in soda-lime, fused quartz and fused silica glasses coated with an Indium Tin Oxide layer. The irradiations were performed using the research Beam Transfer Line (BTL) of the IBA Cyclone 18 MeV cyclotron of the Bern University Hospital (Inselspital). We recorded visible scintillation light generated by proton irradiation in the soda-lime and fused quartz samples. We also investigated the darkening of these three glasses and observed radiation-induced colour centres in the soda-lime glass sample. The optical transmission spectra of the samples were measured before and after irradiation. Reductions of 45%, 1% and 0.4% were observed for soda-lime glass, fused quartz and fused silica, respectively (with an associated error of 0.25%). We conclude that the best option for our specific application is the fused silica substrate, which will be the transparent anode for the next generation of the LaGEMPix detector.
Image segmentation using fuzzy clustering: A survey (2010)

This paper presents a survey of latest image segmentation techniques using fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) Clustering is the most wide spread clustering approach for image segmentation because of its robust characteristics for data classification. In this paper, four image segmentation algorithms using clustering, taken from the literature are reviewed. To address the drawbacks of conventional FCM, all these approaches have modified the objective function of conventional FCM and have incorporated spatial information in the objective function of the standard FCM. The techniques that have been reviewed in this survey are Segmentation for noisy medical images with spatial probability, Novel Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (NFCM), Fuzzy Local Information C-Means (FLICM) Clustering Algorithm and Improved Spatial Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (ISFCM) algorithm.