gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A perturbative quantized twist embedded in Minkowski spacetime (2016)

In this article, spatially-structured gravitational waves are investigated. Drawing upon analogies between electrodynamics and general relativity, a new gauge is found. We investigate the polarization and degrees of freedom of the resulting radiation. The waves are found to carry orbital angular momentum that cam be transferred to matter.
Determination of the Hounsfield value for CT-based design of custom femoral stems (1999)

Ct and advanced computer-aided design techniques offer the means for designing customised femoral stems. Our aim was to determine the Hounsfield (HU) value of the bone at the corticocancellous interface, as part of the criteria for the design algorithm. We obtained transverse CT images from eight human cadaver femora. The proximal femoral canal was rasped until contact with dense cortical bone was achieved. The femora were cut into several sections corresponding to the slice positions of the CT images. After obtaining a computerised image of the anatomical sections using a scanner, the inner cortical contour was outlined and transferred to the corresponding CT image. The pixels beneath this contour represent the CT density of the bone remaining after surgical rasping. Contours were generated automatically at nine HU levels from 300 to 1100 and the mean distance between the transferred contour and each of the HU-generated contours was computed. The contour generated along the 600-HU pixels was closest to the inner cortical contour of the rasped femur and therefore 600 HU seem to be the CT density of the corticocancellous interface in the proximal part of cadaver femora. Generally, femoral bone with a CT density beyond 600 HU is not removable by conventional reamers. Thus, we recommend the 600 HU threshold as one of several criteria for the design of custom femoral implants from CT data.
Frequency noise in current-starved CMOS LC tank oscillators (2012)

In this paper we present analytical expressions for the frequency noise of a current-starved CMOS LC tank oscillator originating from the white noise in the coil resistance and the cross-coupled transistor pair. We derive our results by using a Langevin approach to account for the device noise and subsequently solving the resulting stochastic differential equation with the help of a combination of the Stratonovich stochastic averaging method and linearization around the trajectories of the smoothly averaged system.
Combined Unimanual and Bimanual Intensive OT Improves Upper-Extremity Function in Children With Unilateral Brain Injury (2019)

Abstract Date Presented 04/05/19 We examined whether an OT regimen that combines modified constraint-induced unimanual therapy with bimanual therapy can improve hand function in children with unilateral brain injury. We also examined the optimal order of each therapy type. We found that combined unimanual and bimanual intensive OT improves motor and functional upper-extremity use in these children. Improvement appears to be independent of the order in which the therapies are combined. Primary Author and Speaker: Ka Lai Au Contributing Authors: Julie Knitter, Susan Morrow-McGinty, Talita Campos, Jason Carmel, Kathleen Friel
Leflunomide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and highly morbid disease affecting approximately 1% of the world's population. With the advent of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, patients are increasingly able to maintain control of their arthritis and prevent joint destruction. However, not all patients respond adequately to any single disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, and many newer parenteral therapies are cost prohibitive. Leflunomide, an inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis, is the first oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drug to have been approved for rheumatoid arthritis in the USA in the last 15 years, and is now widely used in over 70 countries around the world. Leflunomide is efficacious when used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and is generally well tolerated. As clinical use increases, new ways to use leflunomide in order to minimize toxicity and maximize efficacy are being explored.
Modeling the Audience's Banner ad Exposure for Internet Advertising Planning (2006)

Exposure models focusing on reach and frequency where an audience is exposed to an ad message are the foundation of audience measurement. Given that a certain fundamental assumption of conventional exposure models is not relevant in the Internet advertising context, this paper suggests that the audience's on-line banner exposure can be best analyzed by its Web site visits. The negative binomial distribution (NBD) model, having long been applied in analyzing repeat behaviors, is proposed to serve as a banner ad exposure model. An empirical validation indicates that the model performs well in both data fitting and prediction.
Induction of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage by antitumor indolocarbazole derivatives (1992)

DNA topoisomerases have been shown to be important therapeutic targets in cancer chemotherapy. We found that KT6006 and KT6528, synthetic antitumor derivatives of indolocarbazole antibiotic K252a, were potent inducers of a cleavable complex with topoisomerase I. In DNA cleavage assay using purified calf thymus DNA topoisomerase I and supercoiled pBR322 DNA, KT6006 induced topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage in a dose-dependent manner at drug concentrations up to 50 microM, while DNA cleavage induced by KT6528 was saturated at 5 microM. The maximal amount of nicked DNA produced by KT6006 was more than 50% of substrate DNA, which was comparable to that of camptothecin. Heat treatment (65 degrees C) of the reaction mixture containing these compounds and topoisomerase I resulted in a substantial reduction in DNA cleavage, suggesting that topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage induced by KT6006 and KT6528 is through the mechanism of stabilizing the reversible enzyme-DNA "cleavable complex". Both KT6006 and KT6528 did not induce topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage in vitro. KT6006 and KT6528 were found to induce nearly identical topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage patterns, which was distinctly different from that with camptothecin. In contrast to the similarity between KT6006 and KT6528 in their structures and the nature of their cleavable complex with topoisomerase I, these drugs have different properties with respect to their interaction with DNA: KT6006 is a very weak intercalator whereas KT6528 is a strong intercalator with potentials comparable to that of adriamycin. These results indicate that KT6006 and KT6528 represent a new distinct class of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I active antitumor drugs.
Third-Order Intermodulation of an MEMS Clamped-Clamped Beam Capacitive Power Sensor Based on GaAs Technology (2015)

This letter presents a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of the third-order intermodulation (IM3) in a microelectromechanical system capacitive power sensor with clamped-clamped beam at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band. A simple model is developed to analyze the origin of IM3. High linearity of the sensor is demonstrated by dual-tone signal measurements both in frequency interval ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) dependence and input power dependence. The worst IM3 product for different <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> remains less than −39 dBm at an input of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{1} = P_{2}=6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dBm. Third-order intercept points of 29.3 dBm at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f=100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz and 33.2 dBm at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta f=10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> kHz are derived by measurements.
Acknowledgement: Vol.3 2009 (1970)

DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2421 The Initiation Vol.3 2009
General practitioner care in nursing homes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a retrospective survey among nursing home managers (2022)

We found structural factors associated with GP care deficits during the pandemic. New concepts for GP care should be implemented in pandemic preparedness plans to ensure high quality, consistent, and reliable GP care as well as effective infection prevention measures in nursing homes.
Small molecule–driven direct conversion of human pluripotent stem cells into functional osteoblasts (2016)

The abilities of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to proliferate without phenotypic alteration and to differentiate into tissue-specific progeny make them a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and development of physiologically relevant in vitro platforms. Despite this potential, efficient conversion of hPSCs into tissue-specific cells still remains a challenge. Herein, we report direct conversion of hPSCs into functional osteoblasts through the use of adenosine, a naturally occurring nucleoside in the human body. The hPSCs treated with adenosine not only expressed the molecular signatures of osteoblasts but also produced calcified bone matrix. Our findings show that the adenosine-mediated osteogenesis of hPSCs involved the adenosine A2bR. When implanted in vivo, using macroporous synthetic matrices, the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived donor cells participated in the repair of critical-sized bone defects through the formation of neobone tissue without teratoma formation. The newly formed bone tissues exhibited various attributes of the native tissue, including vascularization and bone resorption. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of adenosine-induced differentiation of hPSCs into functional osteoblasts and their subsequent use to regenerate bone tissues in vivo. This approach that uses a physiologically relevant single small molecule to generate hPSC-derived progenitor cells is highly appealing because of its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and impact in cell manufacturing, all of which are decisive factors for successful translational applications of hPSCs.
Ternary Blending Operations (2005)

We discuss new analytical formulations for localized and controllable blending operations in the functionbased solid modeling. The blending set operations are defined using R-functions and displacement functions with the localized area of influence. The shape and location of the blend are controlled by an additional bounding solid thus turning the operation into a ternary one. We also describe a new approach to solving the problem of shape metamorphosis between k-dimensional shapes by applying space-time bounded blending to the specially constructed (k+1)dimensional half-cylinders and making cross-sections for getting intermediate shapes under the transformation. 1 Blending in solid modeling Blending operations in solid modeling generate smooth transitions between two or several surfaces. Blending is also considered a natural property of implicit surfaces, where the basic operation is an algebraic sum (or difference) between skeleton-based scalar fields. Blending operations are typically used in computer-aided design for modeling fillets and chamfers. These operations are usually smooth versions of set-theoretic operations on solids (intersection, union, and difference), which approximate exact results of these operations by rounding sharp edges and vertices. The major requirements to blending operations [1] are tangency of the blend surface with the initial surfaces, automatic clipping of unwanted parts of the blending surface, C1 continuity of the blending function everywhere in the domain, support of added and subtracted material blends. Special attention is paid to the intuitive control of the blend shape and position: the construction of the blend and its parameters should have clear geometric interpretation.
Optimización de Procesos de Inducción de Tensiones Residuales en Compresión en Materiales Metálicos por Ondas de Choque Generadas por Láser (2008)

El tratamiento superficial mediante ondas de choque generadas por laser (LSP) se basa en la aplicacion de un pulso laser de alta intensidad (I > 1 GW/cm2; / < 50 ns) en la superficie de un blanco metalico provocando la vaporizacion subita de su superficie y su conversion en un plasma de alta temperatura y densidad que induce la propagacion de una onda de choque en el blanco. El resultado caracteristico del tratamiento consiste en la induccion de un campo de tensiones residuales de compresion en profundidad y que mejoran el comportamiento de la pieza tratada. En este articulo, se presenta un modelo que permite estudiar la influencia de los distintos parametros del proceso (irradiancia, radio de la superficie de interaccion, duracion del pulso, solapamiento entre pulsos distintos, ...). 
Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is based on the application of a high intensity pulsed Laser beam (I > 1 GW/cm2; / < 50 ns) on a metallic target forcing a sudden vaporization of its surface into a high temperature and density plasma that immediately develops inducing a shock wave propagating into the material. The main acknowledged advantages of LSP consist on its capability of inducing a relatively deep compression residual stresses field into metallic alloy pieces allowing an improved mechanical behaviour. In this paper, a model that allows the study of the effect of the main parameters of the process (laser intensity, spot radius, pulse length, overlapping of shots, ...) is presented.
Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome (2017)

Malnutrition has been defined as a condition of an imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients that cause measurable negative effects on body composition, physical function, and clinical outcomes. A new definition of malnutrition has been proposed by an International Guideline Consensus Committee, integrating the acuity of the associated disease and inflammation. Advanced age is an independent risk factor for malnutrition and is associated with a lower body weight, body mass index, and serum albumin. The prevalence of malnutrition is greater among older adults in health care settings than in the community. In many patient populations, malnutrition and sarcopenia are present in parallel and manifest clinically through a combination of decreased nutrient intake, decreased body weight, along with a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and/or physical function. Clinicians should integrate nutrition assessment with sarcopenia screening for optimal evaluation of the inter-related nutritional issues to help improve patients’ clinical outcomes.
Medical Image Synthesis with Context-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks (2016)

Computed tomography (CT) is critical for various clinical applications, e.g., radiotherapy treatment planning and also PET attenuation correction. However, CT exposes radiation during acquisition, which may cause side effects to patients. Compared to CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is much safer and does not involve any radiations. Therefore, recently, researchers are greatly motivated to estimate CT image from its corresponding MR image of the same subject for the case of radiotherapy planning. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach to address this challenging problem. Specifically, we train a fully convolutional network to generate CT given an MR image. To better model the nonlinear relationship from MRI to CT and to produce more realistic images, we propose to use the adversarial training strategy and an image gradient difference loss function. We further apply AutoContext Model to implement a context-aware generative adversarial network. Experimental results show that our method is accurate and robust for predicting CT images from MRI images, and also outperforms three state-of-the-art methods under comparison.
Determining the validity of hospital laboratory reference intervals for healthy young adults participating in early clinical trials of candidate vaccines (2013)

This was a retrospective study to determine the validity of institutional reference intervals for interpreting biochemistry and hematology results in healthy adults in the context of clinical trials of preventive vaccines. An example population of 974 healthy adults participating in clinical trials at the Jenner Institute, Oxford, UK, between 1999 and 2009 was studied. Methods for calculating the central 95% ranges and determining the coefficients of within person variation were demonstrated. Recommendations have been made as to how these data can be usefully applied to the interpretation of blood results in healthy adult subjects for the purposes of clinical trial inclusion decisions and post-vaccination safety monitoring.
ON-state reliability of amorphous-silicon antifuses (1998)

The ON state of metal-to-metal amorphous-silicon antifuses suffers from two reliability concerns: switch-off and dc-stress failure. The switch-off current and dc-stress lifetime are strongly dependent on the temperature of the conducting filament and hence, on the programming current and ambient temperature. Numerical simulations of the filament temperature in the ON state were carried out to explain the experimental characteristics obtained in this work such as the dependence of the switch off and dc-stress failures on ambient temperature, stress current, and programming current. The temperature in the conducting filament is found to increase as the square of the stress current. The temperature and power dissipation at switch off are found to be independent of the programming current. The temperature at switch off is determined to be approximately 1500 °C. The ON-state device lifetime decreases exponentially with increasing stress current and ambient temperature. Numerical simulations of the temperature in the ON state successfully explain the experimentally observed increase in switch-off currents with programming current and the exponential decrease in device lifetime with increasing programming currents, stress currents, and ambient temperature.
Cu2Sb as anode material integrated into nano-structured Cu current collectors (2008)

A new challenging application for Li-ion battery has arisen from the rapid development of micro-electronics. Powering Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) such as autonomous smart-dust nodes using conventional Li-ion batteries is not possible. It is not only new batteries based on new materials but there is also a need of modifying the actual battery design. In this context, the conception of 3D nano-architectured Li-ion batteries is explored. There are several micro-battery concepts that are studied; however in this thesis, the focus is concentrated on one particular architecture that can be described as the successive deposition of battery components (active material, electrolyte, active material) on free-standing arrays of nano-sized columns of a current collector. After a brief introduction about Li-ion batteries and 3D micro-batteries, the electrodeposition of Al through an alumina template using an ionic liquid electrolyte to form free-standing columns of Al current collector is described. The crucial deposition parameters influencing the nucleation and growth of the Al nano-rods are discussed. The deposition of active electrode material on the nano-structured current collector columns is described for 2 distinct active materials deposited using different techniques. Deposition of TiO2 using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) as active material on top of the nano-structured Al is also presented. The obtained deposits present high uniformity and high covering of the specific surface of the current collector. When cycled versus lithium and compared to planar electrodes, an increase of the capacity was proven to be directly proportional to the specific area gained from shifting from a 2D to a 3D construction. Cu2Sb 3D electrodes were prepared by the electrodeposition of Sb onto a nano-structured Cu current collector followed by an annealing step forcing the alloying between the current collector and Sb. The volume expansion observed during Sb alloying with Li is buffered by the Cu matrix and thus the electrode stability is greatly enhanced (from only 20 cycles to more than 120 cycles). Finally, the deposition of a hybrid polymer electrolyte onto the developed 3D electrodes is presented. Even though the deposition is not conformal and that issues of capacity fading need to be addressed, preliminary results attest that it is possible to cycle the obtained 3D electrode-electrolyte versus lithium without the appearance of short-circuits.
The Physiological Role of the Lymphoid System (1974)

Blood thrombocytes are shown to bind specific fractions of autologous γ‐globulin in isotonic low‐ionic‐strength sucrose solution. Thrombocytes in freshly drawn blood that were prepared in their plasma not exposed to sucrose solution were found coated with the same specific thrombophilic γ‐globulin fractions. Judging by the active physiological role of erythrophilic and leucophilic γ‐globulin, it is proposed that thrombophilie γ‐globulin may have an equally important role, the nature of which is yet to be determined.
Hypercholesterolemia Induces Oxidant Stress That Accelerates the Ageing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2014)

Taken together, we provide evidence that hypercholesterolemia can cause oxidant stress that accelerates the ageing and impairs the reconstitution capacity of HSCs.
Exploring the prominent performance of CX-4945 derivatives as protein kinase CK2 inhibitors by a combined computational study (2014)

Protein kinase CK2, also known as casein kinase II, is related to various cellular events and is a potential target for numerous cancers. In this study, we attempted to gain more insight into the inhibition process of CK2 by a series of CX-4945 derivatives through an integrated computational study that combines molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and binding free energy calculations. Based on the binding poses predicted by molecular docking, the MD simulations were performed to explore the dynamic binding processes for ten selected inhibitors. Then, both Molecular Mechanics/Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) techniques were employed to predict the binding affinities of the studied systems. The predicted binding energies of the selected inhibitors correlate well with their experimental activities (r(2) = 0.78). The van der Waals term is the most favorable component for the total energies. The free energy decomposition on a per residue basis reveals that the residue K68 is essential for the electrostatic interactions between CK2 and the studied inhibitors and numerous residues, including L45, V53, V66, F113, M163 and I174, play critical roles in forming van der Waals interactions with the inhibitors. Finally, a number of new derivatives were designed and the binding affinity and the predicted binding free energies of each designed molecule were obtained on the basis of molecular docking and MM/PBSA. It is expected that our research will benefit the future rational design of novel and potent inhibitors of CK2.
Polar ordering of quasiliquid crystals—An optical second harmonic generation study (1987)

Supercooled quasiliquid crystal films are studied by optical second harmonic generation. The experimental results indicate that a polar ordering of molecules exists in the absence of external fields. By applying an electrostatic field, the polar ordering can be modified in a manner predictable by a mean-field theory.