gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the microbiome in cancer development and therapy (2017)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The human body harbors enormous numbers of microbiota that influence cancer susceptibility, in part through their prodigious metabolic capacity and their profound influence on immune cell function. Microbial pathogens drive tumorigenesis in 15% to 20% of cancer cases. Even larger numbers of malignancies are associated with an altered composition of commensal microbiota (dysbiosis) based on microbiome studies using metagenomic sequencing. Although association studies cannot distinguish whether changes in microbiota are causes or effects of cancer, a causative role is supported by rigorously controlled preclinical studies using gnotobiotic mouse models colonized with one or more specific bacteria. These studies demonstrate that microbiota can alter cancer susceptibility and progression by diverse mechanisms, such as modulating inflammation, inducing DNA damage, and producing metabolites involved in oncogenesis or tumor suppression. Evidence is emerging that microbiota can be manipulated for improving cancer treatment. By incorporating probiotics as adjuvants for checkpoint immunotherapy or by designing small molecules that target microbial enzymes, microbiota can be harnessed to improve cancer care. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:326-344. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation and Quality Checks to Ensure Reliability and Sustainability of Safaniyah Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFMs) (2015)

Abstract Since the mid-1990s, Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM) has evolved from a revolutionary new technology into a consolidated solution widely adopted by all the major operators worldwide. This evolution has taken place mainly due to the need for high quality measurements at low operational cost and the capability of enabling remote monitoring with ease. More than 80 MPFMs have been installed in Saudi Aramco's offshore Safaniyah field offshore Saudi Aramco. The utilization of MPFM technology goes back to 2003 thus enabling Saudi Aramco to gather the reliable production data from the field and significant knowledge of operating such equipment1. MPFMs like other devices in the field are prone to failure and therefore are subjected to regular checkups and routine maintenance. Not only the physical equipment but also the data provided by MPFM must be quality checked and calibrated periodically as part of building sound Intelligent Field Infrastructure (IFI). Therefore, to ensure a continuous flow of valid production data from the field to the desktop, several measures of data QA/QC are implemented and will be presented in this paper. One of these measures was the establishment of a service contract with one of the major MPFM suppliers to service and maintain the integrity of the MPFM software and hardware. The objective of this case study was, therefore, to analyze the main issues related to both data quality and physical checks faced by Saudi Aramco and the service company during the last nine years of MPFM operations in the Safaniyah field. Also to share experiences and lessons learned over such an extended period of time of working with MPFM, especially in an offshore environment dealing with various operating conditions, flow regimes and an artificial lift. In this paper, the effect of field PVT variation over time on MPFM will also be discussed.
UV-laser photochemistry of the azoalkane 1-phenyl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene: detection and lifetime determination of the triplet diradical 1-phenyl-1,4-cyclohexadiyl by time-resolved UV-spectroscopy (flash photolysis) and by trapping with molecular oxygen (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUV-laser photochemistry of the azoalkane 1-phenyl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene: detection and lifetime determination of the triplet diradical 1-phenyl-1,4-cyclohexadiyl by time-resolved UV-spectroscopy (flash photolysis) and by trapping with molecular oxygenWaldemar Adam, Sven Grabowski, R. Marshall Wilson, Klaus Hannemann, and Jakob WirzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 24, 7572–7573Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00258a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radical doping and high-pressure freezing in an advanced neutron crystallography (2014)

The isotope effect in conventional neutron protein crystallography (NPC) can be eliminated by the proton polarization technique (ppt) as an advanced NPC. Furthermore, the ppt can improve detection sensitivity of hydrogen (relative neutron scattering length of polarized proton) by approximately eight times in comparison with conventional NPC. Several technical difficulties, however, should be overcome in order to perform the ppt. In this poster, two developing fundamental studies to realize ppt will be presented; 1) radical doping into protein crystals that facilitates sample electron polarization, which was analyzed by X-ray crystallography, liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (LC/MS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, 2) high-pressure flash freezing performed especially using a new machine of HPC-201 (ADC Inc.), which has the advantage of making bulk water amorphous without destroying the single large crystal, may easily realize the low temperature environment of crystal at around 1K. The former results were that radical molecules distributed non-specifically around proteins, and that they were included in protein crystal to some extent [1]. These are a favorable tendency for better proton polarization.
Monomorphic Ventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes (2019)

Ventricular arrhythmias are challenging to manage in athletes with concern for an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) during sports competition. Monomorphic ventricular arrhythmias (MMVA), while often benign in athletes with a structurally normal heart, are also associated with a unique subset of idiopathic and malignant substrates that must be clearly defined. A comprehensive evaluation for structural and/or electrical heart disease is required in order to exclude cardiac conditions that increase risk of SCD with exercise, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Unique issues for physicians who manage this population include navigating athletes through the decision of whether they can safely continue their chosen sport. In the absence of structural heart disease, therapies such as radiofrequency catheter ablation are very effective for certain arrhythmias and may allow for return to competitive sports participation. In this comprehensive review, we summarise the recommendations for evaluating and managing athletes with MMVA.
Pancreatic metastasectomy: The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering experience and a review of the literature (2013)

Isolated pancreatic metastases may occur in patients with many types of cancer. Several retrospective case series have been published demonstrating the feasibility of resection in selected patients. Here we report our experience with pancreatic metastasectomy in 70 patients and review the published literature. Our findings suggest that long-term survival is associated with resection in selected patients but these outcomes must be weighed against the significant morbidity that is associated with pancreatic resection.
Magnetic properties of Heisenberg clusters (1993)

The effects of finite size on the thermodynamic properties of ferromagnetic clusters have been calculated on the basis of a self-consistently solved spin-wave spectrum for clusters of various sizes. The finite size leads to an effective power law for the temperature dependence of the magnetization (M approximately Talpha ; 3/2< alpha <3), and to a neutron-scattering cross section with a wavevector broadened discrete spin-wave spectrum very different from that of the bulk. Predictions of the implications of finite size are extended to the size range of nanoparticles. The effects should be readily observed in experiments.
Chaos in a feedback Fabry-Perot interferometer (1994)

A novel hybrid chaotic system composed of a laser diode source and a Fabry-Perot interferometer with an electrical feedback is proposed. The delayed-differential equation describing the system input-output relation is derived and studied by numerical simulations. The instability of the output power from the laser diode is investigated experimentally and its behavior is proved to be chaotic. The comparison between the theoretical analysis and the experimental results shows good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Percutaneous vertebroplasty: a bone cement procedure for spinal pain relief. (2002)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV), a procedure where bone cement is injected into a partially collapsed vertebral body, is used to relieve pain and provide mechanical stability in cases of osteoporosis or tumour infiltration. PV provided rapid pain relief and increased mobility in most patients according to the results from 15 uncontrolled studies in 882 persons where over 1,500 vertebrae were treated. Serious complications from bone cement leaks and adjacent vertebral fractures were rare. Despite the increasing use of PV there are no controlled prospective studies on safety and efficacy with long-term follow-up. Physician and supply costs range from C $300 -600 per vertebra treated. This figure excludes hospital or investigational costs.
Residual biomass potential in olive tree cultivation and olive oil industry in Spain: valorization proposal in a biorefinery context (2017)

Olive crop and olive oil industry generates several residues, i.e., olive tree pruning biomass (OTPB), extracted olive pomace (EOP) and olive leaves (OL) that could be used to produce high-added value products in an integrated biorefinery. OTPB is generated in the field as a result of pruning operation to remove old branches; EOP is the main residue of the pomace olive oil extracting industry after extraction with hexane of residual oil contained in olive pomace; and OL comes from the olive cleaning process carried out at olive mills, where small branches and leaves are separated by density. In this work, an analysis of the potential of OTPB, EOP and OL residues was addressed by estimating the production volumes at national level and the spatial distribution of these residues using geographic information system software. Information provided by public institutions and personal surveys to the industries was evaluated. Moreover, chemical analysis of the residues was undertaken and the results used to make a first assessment of valorization into biofuels such as bioethanol and bio based chemicals. Results show that close to 4.2 million tons/year of EOP, OL and OTPB derived from olive oil industry and olive tree cultivation in Spain could be available as a raw material for biorefineries in Spain. The analysis of the chemical characteristics indicates the relevant potential of these feedstocks for the production of bioethanol and other compounds such as phenols based on suitable processing and conversion routes, although techno-economic evaluations must be tackled to refine this approach.
A Joint Venture Between Complement and Chondrocytes (2011)

Inflammation plays an unexpected complementary role in trauma-induced joint disease.
Moisture Sorption and Transport in Polylactide (2007)

Abstract Management of moisture penetration and hydrolytic degradation of polylactide (PLA) is extremely important during manufacturing, shipping, storage, and end-use of PLA products. Crystallinity in PLA was measured with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Moisture sorption isotherms in PLA films were measured with Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) experiments with samples of varying crystallinity. A surprising result is that crystalline and amorphous PLA films exhibit nearly identical sorption isotherms, within the accuracy of the experiments. The effect of hydrophobicity of PLA end groups on degradation was evaluated by synthesizing PLA with hydrophobic and hydrophilic end groups.
The Heritability of Otitis Media (1999)

Our study suggests there is a strong genetic component to the amount of time with middle ear effusion and episodes of middle ear effusion and AOM in children.
Diffractionless light beams in linear and nonlinear optics (1996)

The parameters of anisotropy and gyrotropy area are shown to exist in biaxial gyrotropic crystals, where local sites of wave vectors surface in the vicinity of optical axis directions have negative or zero curvature. In these directions effects of focusing and diffractionless propagation of light beams occur. At Gaussian beams example a number of focusing and diffractionless propagation schemes are presented. The description of the new type of nondiffracting light beams (spatial solitons) in photorefractive crystals in the case of phase shifted diffraction gratings is given.
Investigating biases in the measurement of apparent alveolar septal wall thickness with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI (2020)

The apparent SWT measured with HXe MRI was found to be heavily dependent on the acquisition parameters. A method is proposed that can minimize this measurement bias, add limited spatial resolution, and reduce measurement time to a degree that free-breathing studies are feasible.
Active and Inhibitory Components of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Protease System in Adult Serum, Interstitial, and Synovial Fluid (1998)

Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) proteolytic activity is normally low but increases in serum from pregnant women and from patients with various pathologies. In contrast, we have recently reported that outside the circulation, such activity is normally high but decreases in various pathologies. We have now compared components of the IGFBP-3 proteolytic system revealed after size fractionation of serum and extravascular fluids with different intrinsic levels of such activity. Normal serum, serum from pregnant women, and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed high and low molecular weight (MW) areas of activity. However, only the low MW activity was apparent in interstitial fluid from normal skin (N Inst F) or psoriatic lesions (P Inst F) and in synovial fluid from normal volunteers (N Syn F) or patients with osteoarthritis (OA Syn F). Addition of inhibitors revealed both areas to comprise more than one enzyme, including serine proteases and metalloproteinases; both could also be inhibited by P Inst F, NS, RA Syn F, and inhibitory fractions from the separation of the latter two. These findings demonstrate low and high MW regions of proteolytic activity, which may contribute to the IGFBP-3 protease system, the former always present, whereas the latter seems to be retained within the circulation apart from inflammatory conditions. The variations apparent in IGFBP-3 protease activity in the intact samples related to the presence of an inhibitor, which may protect IGFBP-3 from proteolysis, rather than to changes in the component proteases.
Real-Time PCR-Based Methods for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Pork Products: A Critical Review (2022)

Standard methods for detection of hepatitis A virus and norovirus in at-risk foodstuffs are available, but currently there is no standard method for detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pork products or other foods that can be contaminated with the virus. Detection assays for HEV are mainly based on nucleic acid amplification, particularly the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) in real-time format. RTPCR-based methods can be sensitive and specific, but they require a suite of controls to verify that they have performed correctly. There have been several RTPCR methods developed to detect HEV in pork products, varying in details of sample preparation and RTPCR target sequences. This review critically discusses published HEV detection methods, with emphasis on those that have been successfully used in subsequent studies and surveys. RTPCR assays have been used both qualitatively and quantitatively, although in the latter case the data acquired are only reliable if appropriate assay calibration has been performed. One particular RTPCR assay appears to be ideal for incorporation in a standard method, as it has been demonstrated to be highly specific and sensitive, and an appropriate control and calibration standard is available. The review focuses on the detection of HEV in pork products and similar foodstuffs (e.g., boar). The information may be useful to inform standardisation activities.
Intestinal inflammation is a frequent feature of cystic fibrosis and is reduced by probiotic administration (2004)

Intestinal inflammation is a major feature of cystic fibrosis and is reduced by probiotics. The latter finding suggests that intestinal microflora play a major role in intestinal inflammation in cystic fibrosis children.
Development of a Wheeled Wall-Climbing Robot with a Shape-Adaptive Magnetic Adhesion Mechanism (2020)

This paper presents a wheeled wall-climbing robot with a shape-adaptive magnetic adhesion mechanism for large steel structures. To travel up and down various curved ferromagnetic surfaces, we developed a 2 DOF rotational magnetic adhesion mechanism installed on each wheel that can change the orientation of the magnets to keep the magnetic force direction always normal to the contact surface. These magnetic wheels have a spherical shape and can move relative to the main body by a non-elastic suspension mechanism so that the robot can climb up small obstacles on the ground and find contact points for each wheel on a wall with an arbitrary curved shape. Being geometrically stable is important for the robot because this robot is intended to be a mobile base for a welding manipulator. The detailed design of the mechanism and the results of climbing tests are presented.
Adeno‐associated virus vector‐mediated systemic interleukin‐10 expression ameliorates hypertensive organ damage in Dahl salt‐sensitive rats (2008)

This is the first study to demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 has a significant anti-hypertensive effect. AAV vector-mediated IL-10 expression potentially prevents the progression of refractory hypertension and hypertensive organ damage in humans.
Uncovering Nematicidal Natural Products from Xenorhabdus Bacteria (2022)

Parasitic nematodes infect different species of animals and plants. Root-knot nematodes are members of the genus <i>Meloidogyne</i>, which is distributed worldwide and parasitizes numerous plants, including vegetables, fruits, and crops. To reduce the global burden of nematode infections, only a few chemical therapeutic classes are currently available. The majority of nematicides are prohibited due to their harmful effects on the environment and public health. This study was intended to identify new nematicidal natural products (NPs) from the bacterial genus <i>Xenorhabdus</i>, which exists in symbiosis with <i>Steinernema</i> nematodes. Cell-free culture supernatants of <i>Xenorhabdus</i> bacteria were used for nematicidal bioassay, and high mortality rates for <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> were observed. Promoter exchange mutants of biosynthetic gene clusters encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) or NRPS-polyketide synthase hybrids in <i>Xenorhabdus</i> bacteria carrying additionally a <i>hfq</i> deletion produce a single NP class, which have been tested for their bioactivity. Among the NPs tested, fabclavines, rhabdopeptides, and xenocoumacins were highly toxic to nematodes and resulted in mortalities of 95.3, 74.6, and 72.6% to <i>C. elegans</i> and 82.0, 90.0, and 85.3% to <i>M. javanica</i>, respectively. The findings of such nematicidal NPs can provide templates for uncovering effective and environmentally safe alternatives to commercially available nematicides.
Interactions of thin Ti films with Si, SiO2, Si3N4, and SiOxNy under rapid thermal annealing (1988)

Thin Ti films sputter deposited onto single-crystal Si, thermal SiO2, and low-pressure chemical vapor deposited Si3N4 and SiOxNy (x≊y≊1) substrates have been rapid thermal annealed in N2 or Ar, with and without an amorphous Si overlayer, and the reactions followed using Auger elecron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and sheet resistance measurements. A multilayer film is created in practically every case with each layer containing essentially a single reaction product, viz.,TiSix, TiOx, δ-TiN, or TiNxO1−x. The results are discussed in light of published Ti-Si-O and Ti-Si-N phase diagrams.
Acoustic modeling of American English /r/ (2000)

Recent advances in physiological data collection methods have made it possible to test the accuracy of predictions against speaker-specific vocal tracts and acoustic patterns. Vocal tract dimensions for /r/ derived via magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) for two speakers of American English [Alwan, Narayanan, and Haker, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 1078-1089 (1997)] were used to construct models of the acoustics of /r/. Because previous models have not sufficiently accounted for the very low F3 characteristic of /r/, the aim was to match formant frequencies predicted by the models to the full range of formant frequency values produced by the speakers in recordings of real words containing /r/. In one set of experiments, area functions derived from MRI data were used to argue that the Perturbation Theory of tube acoustics cannot adequately account for /r/, primarily because predicted locations did not match speakers' actual constriction locations. Different models of the acoustics of /r/ were tested using the Maeda computer simulation program [Maeda, Speech Commun. 1, 199-299 (1982)]; the supralingual vocal-tract dimensions reported in Alwan et al. were found to be adequate at predicting only the highest of attested F3 values. By using (1) a recently developed adaptation of the Maeda model that incorporates the sublingual space as a side branch from the front cavity, and by including (2) the sublingual space as an increment to the dimensions of the front cavity, the mid-to-low values of the speakers' F3 range were matched. Finally, a simple tube model with dimensions derived from MRI data was developed to account for cavity affiliations. This confirmed F3 as a front cavity resonance, and variations in F1, F2, and F4 as arising from mid- and back-cavity geometries. Possible trading relations for F3 lowering based on different acoustic mechanisms for extending the front cavity are also proposed.