gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Conversion of 17-Keto Steroids to 20-Oxygenated Steroids. A Facile Synthesis of 19-Norprogesterone (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conversion of 17-Keto Steroids to 20-Oxygenated Steroids. A Facile Synthesis of 19-NorprogesteroneAlan M. Krubiner and Eugene P. OlivetoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 24–26Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Critical Assessment 4: Challenges in developing high temperature materials (2014)

Materials are a key enabling feature for high efficiency engines for power generation or transportation. While significant research continues, progress in this century has certainly slowed compared to the previous century where modern materials science spawned a rapid advance in high temperature materials. One area that hampers new high temperature materials is a lack of inherent (i.e. uncoated) oxidation or environmental resistance, especially for the highest temperature applications such as Ni-base superalloys for turbomachinery. Thus, there appears to be more opportunity to develop materials for 600–1000°C applications than for higher temperatures. New materials requirements ranging from mechanical and environmental resistance to manufacturing and joining need to be clearly defined and experimental work focused on validating these properties for successful alloy development to proceed. For most applications the materials requirements have become so broad and complex that progress by single researchers is difficult. A teaming approach, especially among research institutions and industry, is needed to both define the critical needs and assemble experts in a range of disciplines to address these issues during the materials development process.
Experimental demonstration of multi-aperture digital coherent combining over a 3.2-km free-space link (2017)

The next generation free-space optical communications infrastructure will need to support a wide variety of space-to-ground links. As a result of the limited size, weight, and power on space-borne assets, the ground terminals need to scale efficiently to large collection areas to support extremely long link distances or high data rates. Recent advances in integrated digital coherent receivers enable the coherent combining (i.e., full-field addition) of signals from several small apertures to synthesize an effective single large aperture. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the coherent combining of signals received by four independent receive chains after propagation through a 3:2-km atmospheric channel. Measured results show the practicality of coherently combining the four received signals via digital signal processing after transmission through a turbulent atmosphere. In particular, near-lossless combining is demonstrated using the technique of maximal ratio combining.
Investigation on the Effects of Environmental and Operational Conditions (EOC) on Diffuse-Field Ultrasonic Guided-Waves in Pipes (2014)

In spite of many favorable characteristics of guided-waves for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of pipes, real-world application of these systems is still quite limited. Beside the complexities derived from multi-modal, dispersive and multi-path characteristics of guided-waves, one of the main challenges in guided-wave based NDE of pipelines is sensitivity of these systems to variations of environmental and operational conditions (EOC). This paper investigates the effects of varying EOCs on guilded-wave based NDE of pipelines. We first provide a review of the studies to date in the field of guided-wave based testing to identify research gaps for enhancing the application of these systems in pipeline NDE. To study the identified gaps, guided-wave data from a fully operational piping system, with continuously varying flow rate and temperature, is used. Time-shift and amplitude drift effects due to flow rate variations are evaluated along with those of temperature. It is observed that masking effects of flow rate for damage detection can be at least as significant as temperature effects, and that such effects become more dominant when flow rate and temperature variations co-occur.
Single shot ghost imaging (2013)

A novel method for ghost imaging is proposed. The proposed method consists of a light source with wide bandwidth and spectrometer. Single shot imaging is achieved by a measurement based on wavelength multiplexing. Usefulness of the proposed method is verified by numerical analysis.
High Performance, Low Complexity Video Coding and the Emerging HEVC Standard (2010)

This paper describes a low complexity video codec with high coding efficiency. It was proposed to the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standardization effort of moving picture experts group and video coding experts group, and has been partially adopted into the initial HEVC test model under consideration design. The proposal utilizes a quadtree-based coding structure with support for macroblocks of size 64 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 64, 32 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 32, and 16 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 16 pixels. Entropy coding is performed using a low complexity variable length coding scheme with improved context adaptation compared to the context adaptive variable length coding design in H.264/AVC. The proposal's interpolation and deblocking filter designs improve coding efficiency, yet have low complexity. Finally, intra-picture coding methods have been improved to provide better subjective quality than H.264/AVC. The subjective quality of the proposed codec has been evaluated extensively within the HEVC project, with results indicating that similar visual quality to H.264/AVC High Profile anchors is achieved, measured by mean opinion score, using significantly fewer bits. Coding efficiency improvements are achieved with lower complexity than the H.264/AVC Baseline Profile, particularly suiting the proposal for high resolution, high quality applications in resource-constrained environments.
Head and trunk movement adaptations in horses with experimentally induced fore‐ or hindlimb lameness (1996)

The kinematic patterns of head and trunk were studied in horses during induced supporting limb lameness to understand the mechanisms horses use to compensate for lameness and to evaluate different symmetry indices for their significance as lameness indicators. Using the locomotion analysis system CODA-3 the kinematics of 11 clinically nonlame Dutch Warmblood horses were recorded while walking (1.6 m/s) and trotting (3.5 m/s) on a treadmill. A transient lameness model, evoking pressure induced pain on the hoof sole, was used to induce 3 degrees of fore- and hindlimb lameness. Peak vertical displacement, velocity and acceleration of head, withers, tuber sacrale and both tuber coxae were quantified at different phases of the stride. Changes in these variables due to lameness and symmetry indices calculated as quotients of the values during the lame and nonlame stance phase were analysed using a 2-way analysis of variance. The head, withers and tuber sacrale showed a similar sinusoidal pattern in their vertical displacement, velocity and acceleration. During both fore- and hindlimb lameness at the trot, the vertical velocity of the trunk at impact of the lame limb decreased (P < 0.05), during the lame stance phase the trunk was kept higher above the ground, maximal acceleration decreased and displacement amplitude was smaller than without lameness. Changes in movements of the head were much more expressed than movements of the withers during forelimb lameness and reversed during hindlimb lameness. At the walk, head movement patterns changed in the same way as at the trot, while withers and tuber sacrale patterns were hardly changed. Symmetry indices of all landmarks showed changes due to increasing lameness at the trot. The maximal vertical acceleration of the head and displacement amplitude of the tuber sacrale proved to be the best indicators to quantify a fore- and hindlimb lameness, respectively.
Rapid bushy join-order optimization with Cartesian products (1996)

Query optimizers often limit the search space for join orderings, for example by excluding Cartesian products in subplans or by restricting plan trees to left-deep vines. Such exclusions are widely assumed to reduce optimization effort while minimally affecting plan quality. However, we show that searching the complete space of plans is more affordable than has been previously recognized, and that the common exclusions may be of little benefit.We start by presenting a Cartesian product optimizer that requires at most a few seconds of workstation time to search the space of bushy plans for products of up to 15 relations. Building on this result, we present a join-order optimizer that achieves a similar level of performance, and retains the ability to include Cartesian products in subplans wherever appropriate. The main contribution of the paper is in fully separating join-order enumeration from predicate analysis, and in showing that the former problem in particular can be solved swiftly by novel implementation techniques. A secondary contribution is to initiate a systematic approach to the benchmarking of join-order optimization, which we apply to the evaluation of our method.
Solutions of uniform, open-channel, liquid metal flow in a strong, oblique magnetic field (1996)

The flow of an electrically conducting fluid in an open channel in the presence of a strong magnetic field of oblique incidence to both the channel walls and the force of gravity is explored. This type of flow has possible applications to the protection of high heat flux surfaces in magnetic confinement fusion reactors. The governing equations of fully-developed flow are derived retaining all viscous terms. They are then solved in the strong field limit in an asymptotic, iterative fashion, carrying the first two terms in the expansion with powers of the effective Hartmann number. The asymptotic solutions for the velocity, induced magnetic field and the flow rate are compared with a numerical solution of the complete governing equations. Good agreement is seen between the asymptotic and numerical predictions of velocity and electric current distribution when the core regions are dominated by magnetic forces. One novel feature of open channel flow of this type is the existence, predicted by the asymptotic analysis and confirmed by the numerical integration, of a second-order Hartmann layer on the free surface. Its presence is required to ensure the condition of no shear stress on this boundary. Also seen is the presence of strong discontinuities across free shear layers, which form along the field lines that extend from the free surface/sidewall corner.
Multidisciplinary management of giant genital tract venous malformations during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature (2015)

Abstract Malformation affecting the genital tract is a rare condition. Enlargement of the mass and specific complications may occur following hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy. A 25-year-old pregnant primigravida affected by an extended vulvar and thigh venous malformation with localised intravascular consumptive coagulopathy was referred to our hospital. Her antenatal care was uneventful until term. She underwent an elective caesarean section because the venous malformation location precluded vaginal birth. At 3 days postpartum, she suffered life-threatening bleeding in the abdominal cavity with disseminated intravascular coagulation requiring multiple blood and platelets transfusions as well as transarterial embolisation. The patient recovered and was discharged after 20 days. Specific counselling and management of pregnant patients with large vascular malformations is essential as it is associated with increased complications rate such as peripartal thrombosis and haemorrhages. These patients should be referred to tertiary centres and should be managed by a multidisciplinary team including an obstetrician, anaesthesiologist, haematologist, interventional radiologist and plastic surgeon.
Adjustable polystyrene nanoparticle templates for the production of mesoporous foams and ZnO inverse opals (2020)

Abstract The manifold applications of porous materials, such as in storage, separation, and catalysis, have led to an enormous interest in their cost-efficient preparation. A promising strategy to obtain porous materials with adjustable pore size and morphology is to use templates exhibiting the appropriate nanostructure. In this study, close-packed polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, synthesized by emulsion polymerization, were used to produce porous PS and ZnO inverse opals. The size and distribution of the polystyrene nanoparticles, characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were controlled via the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Systematic measurements of the water/styrene-interfacial tension show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the ternary water–styrene–SDS system, which determines whether monodisperse or polydisperse PS particles are obtained, is considerably lower than that of the binary water–SDS system. The assemblies of close-packed PS nanoparticles obtained via drying were then studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and SEM. Both techniques prove that PS nanoparticles synthesized above the CMC result in a significantly unordered but denser packing of the particles. The polystyrene particles were subsequently used to produce porous polystyrene and ZnO inverse opals. While the former consists of micrometer-sized spherical pores surrounded by extended open-cellular regions of mesopores ( R pore ≈ 25 nm), the latter are made of ZnO-nanoparticles forming a structure of well-aligned interconnected pores.
Granulocyte apoptosis and the control of inflammation (1994)

We have described a novel pathway available for the clearance of extravasated granulocytes from inflamed tissues whereby aging granulocytes undergo apoptosis, a process which leads to their phagocytosis by inflammatory macrophages. By contrast with necrosis, which may also be seen at inflamed sites, apoptosis represents a granulocyte fate which by a number of mechanisms would tend to limit inflammatory tissue injury and promote resolution rather than progression of inflammation: (i) apoptosis is responsible for macrophage recognition of senescent neutrophils with intact cell membranes which exclude vital dyes and retain their potentially histotoxic granule contents; (ii) the apoptotic neutrophil loses its ability to secrete granule enzymes on deliberate external stimulation; (iii) the macrophage possesses a huge phagocytic capacity for apoptotic neutrophils which it rapidly ingests and degrades without disgorging neutrophil contents; and (iv) the macrophage utilizes a novel phagocytic recognition mechanism which fails to trigger the release of pro-inflammatory macrophage mediators during the phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Preliminary characterization of the recognition mechanism implicates the integrin alpha v beta 3 (vitronectin receptor) and CD36 (thrombospondin receptor) on the macrophage surface. Macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils is greatly influenced by the microenvironmental pH and by the presence of cationic molecules. Moreover, it can be specifically modulated by external cytokines and intracellular second messenger systems. By controlling the functional longevity of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes and their subsequent removal by macrophages, granulocyte apoptosis, with its potential for modulation by external mediators, is likely to play a key dynamic role in the control of the 'tissue load' of granulocytes at inflamed sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coupling Heat and Electricity Sources to Intermediate Temperature Steam Electrolysis (2013)

The use of CO2-free energy sources for running SOEC (solid-oxide electrolysis cell) technologies has a great potential to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions compared to fossil fuel based technologies for hydrogen production. The operation of the electrolysis cell at higher temperature offers the benefit of increasing the efficiency of the process. The range of the operating temperature of the SOEC is typically between 800 °C and 1,000 °C. Main sources of degradation that affect the SOEC stack lifetime is related to the high operating temperature. To increase the electrolyser durability, one possible solution is to decrease the operating temperature down to 650 °C, which represents the typical operating range of the ITSE (intermediate temperature steam electrolysis). This paper is related to the work of the JU-FCH project ADEL, which investigates different carbon-free energy sources with respect to potential coupling schemes to ITSE. A predominant focus of the analysis is put on solar concentrating energy systems (solar tower) and nuclear energy as energy sources to provide the required electricity and heat for the ITSE. This study will present an overview of the main considerations, the boundary conditions and the results concerning the development of coupling schemes of the energy conversion technologies to the electrolyser.
Microfabricated Liquid Junction Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode and Its Application to a One-Chip Potentiometric Sensor (1999)

A liquid-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode was microfabricated. A silver thin-film pattern was covered with a polyimide protecting layer with a 50-μm-wide slit at the center of the pattern, and the AgCl layer was grown from there into the silver layer. A liquid junction was formed with a photocurable hydrophilic polymer. The electrolyte layer was formed by screen-printing a paste containing fine KCl powder. A silicone rubber passivation covered the entire area except for the pad and the end of the junction. The novel thin-film Ag/AgCl element could maintain its expected potential for longer than 30 h in a saturated KCl solution. The completed miniature liquid-junction reference electrode could maintain a stable potential level within ±1 mV for longer than 100 h with the aid of a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) matrix in the electrolyte layer. Fluctuation of the potential was less than 0.1 mV at each moment. Dependency on external KCl concentration and pH was shown to be insignificant. The miniature reference electrode was integrated with an iridium oxide pH indicator electrode. No significant difference was observed between the potential obtained with the miniature reference electrode and that obtained with a macroscopic commercial Ag/AgCl electrode, which confirmed that the miniature reference electrode was applicable to one-chip potentiometric sensors.
Rapid Application Development for Web-Based Collaboration. (1999)

. Developing applications for Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) is a complicated process, in particular if aimed at synchronous, distributed cooperation. Here we show how rapid application development is nevertheless possible through a well-engineered combination of an object-relational database, a scripting facility based on an extension of Tcl/Tk, and standard Web technology. The approach also supports spontaneous, short term collaboration because elaborate distribution schemes of application specific code are not required. Rather, a standard plug-in, which is available for all major browsers, is sufficient. Our argument is supported by examples from a collaborative management tool development. 1 Synchronous Collaboration - the Road Ahead It is generally agreed that of all computer-supported collaboration forms, the synchronous (same time), distributed (different place) mode is the most promising, yet most difficult one [Baecker et al., 1995]. Application areas ...
Development of a Tracking and Automatic Distress Generation System for Coastal Fleet Ships (2007)

This paper introduces a multiplatform communication system developed to provide real time positioning of the fishing or recreation boats that usually move in the marine zones known as A1 and A2. The system also generates automatically the alert signal from a boat operating in these marine zones. The most important target of the system is to increase the security of navigation in these zones, as well as to facilitate the work of marine rescue teams by improving the precision in the positioning of ill-fated boats. As an additional functionality, the system is equipped with the capacity to control the position of the crew and the dinghies on board. This capability allows detecting the accidental falls to the sea, making possible therefore the performance of the ship in the first steps of a rescue operation.
A half bridge flyback converter with ZVS and ZCS operations (2007)

An asymmetrical half bridge flyback converter without output inductor is presented in this paper, in which the power switches can be turned on with ZVS and the output diode can be turned on and off with ZCS. While the ZVS is obtained from the magnetizing current, the ZCS is achieved from the resonant current. The ZVS and ZCS conditions can be maintained for full load range. The characteristics of the proposed converter rely on the utilization of resonant inductor and blocking capacitor as resonant energy delivery devices rather than linearly charging and discharging components. The operational principle and circuit analysis of the proposed converter is described in this paper. The experimental test of a 90W prototype converter is performed and the results are presented.