gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Nanoscale Mapping of Short-Range Order in GeSn Alloys (2022)

GeSn on Si has attracted much research interest due to its tunable direct bandgap for mid-infrared applications. Recently, short-range order (SRO) in GeSn alloys has been theoretically predicted, which profoundly impacts the band structure. However, characterizing SRO in GeSn is challenging. Guided by physics-informed Poisson statistical analyses of Kth-nearest neighbors (KNN) in atom probe tomography, a new approach is demonstrated here for 3D nanoscale SRO mapping and semi-quantitative strain mapping in GeSn. For GeSn with ~14 at.% Sn, the SRO parameters of Sn-Sn 1NN in 10x10x10 nm$^{3}$ nanocubes can deviate from that of the random alloys by $\pm$15%. The relatively large fluctuation of the SRO parameters contributes to band-edge softening observed optically. Sn-Sn 1NN also tends to be more favored towards the surface, less favored under strain relaxation or tensile strain, while almost independent of local Sn composition. An algorithm based on least square fit of atomic positions further verifies this Poisson-KNN statistical method. Compared to existing macroscopic spectroscopy or electron microscopy techniques, this new APT statistical analysis uniquely offers 3D SRO mapping at nanoscale resolution in a relatively large volume with millions of atoms. It can also be extended to investigate SRO in other alloy systems.
The Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation of a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet and the Threonine Requirement for Growing Pigs (1988)

子豚におけるL-トリプトファン0.05%添加トウモロコシ-大豆粕基礎飼料へのリジン,トレオニン,メチオニン,イソロイシンおよびバリンの添加効果ならびにトレオニンの要求量を明らかにする目的で,不断給飼,群飼の条件下で3週間の発育試験を4回にわたって実施した.1) 実験1では,体重約25kgの子豚24頭を用い,基礎飼料へのL-リジン塩酸塩0.5%(リジンとして0.4%),L-トレオニン0.1%およびDL-メチオニン0.1%の添加効果を調べた.基礎飼料の組成はリジン0.44%,トレオニン0.39%,含硫アミノ酸(メチオニン+シスチン)0.49%,トリプトファン0.15%および粗蛋白質(CP)10.7%であった.3種のアミノ酸混合物を添加した場合には,1日増体量(DG)および飼料要求率(FCR)はそれぞれ762gおよび2.5,混合物からメチオニンのみを除いた場合はそれぞれ738gおよび2.6となり,ほとんど差はみられなかった.リジンを含まない混合物を添加した場合にはそれぞれ524gおよび3.2で,発育成績は著しく劣った.混合物からトレオニンを除くとそれぞれ619gおよび2.8となり,中間的な値であった.2) 実験2および3では,いずれも体重約24kgの子豚を20頭用い,トレオニン要求量を検討した.L-リジン塩酸塩を0.5%添加した基礎飼料にL-トレオニンを,実験2では0,0.05,0.1および0.15%,実験3では0,0.1,0.15および0.2%添加して発育の反応をみた.DGおよびFCRはL-トレオニンの添加量が0.1～0.15%までは直線的に変化したが,それ以上添加しても効果はみられなかった.DGおよびFCRを指標とすると,トレオニンの要求量はそれぞれ飼料中含量0.51および0.49%と推定された.3) 実験4では,体重約29kgの子豚16頭を用い,L-リジン塩酸塩0.5%およびL-トレオニン0.15%添加した基礎飼料に対してL-イソロイシンおよびL-バリンをいずれも0.1%添加した場合の効果を調べたが,それらの添加効果は認められなかった.4) 以上の試験結果から,CP10.7%で,トリプトファンを添加したトウモロコシ-大豆粕飼料における第1および第2の制限アミノ酸はそれぞれリジンおよびトレオニンであり,含硫アミノ酸,イソロイシンおよびバリンは不足しないことが示唆された.
Software Reuse Based on Business Processes and Requirements (2013)

Software reuse is often just addressed at the level of code or low-level design. In contrast, this tutorial explains software reuse based on business processes and requirements. It presents and compares three approaches co-developed by the presenter over more than a decade. The first of these approaches deals with requirements reuse in the context of product lines. It makes the relations among product line requirements explicit, so that single system requirements in this product line can be derived consistently. A key issue is commonality and variability across different products. This tutorial shows how requirements for a product line can be modeled, selected and reused to engineer the requirements for innovative new products. The second approach for software reuse involves case-based reasoning. Instead of explicit relations between requirements (or other artifacts), similarity metrics are employed for finding the most similar software case in a repository to a given set of requirements. This even works when a single envisioned usage scenario is specified yet, and it allows reusing also requirements from retrieved cases. The major point, however, is to facilitate reusing software design (including architecture) and code from similar software cases. The third approach (still under development) strives for (partly) automating software development for certain business applications through reusing business knowledge and software, where both are tightly connected. It involves automated reuse of business processes, and software executing them, based on ontological knowledge. A key point is closing the representational gap between procedurally represented business processes and declaratively represented concepts and their relations, taxonomies, partonomies, etc. So, this is an ontology-based approach for (partly) automated software development guided by business models.
The Genetic Architecture of Parallel Armor Plate Reduction in Threespine Sticklebacks (2004)

How many genetic changes control the evolution of new traits in natural populations? Are the same genetic changes seen in cases of parallel evolution? Despite long-standing interest in these questions, they have been difficult to address, particularly in vertebrates. We have analyzed the genetic basis of natural variation in three different aspects of the skeletal armor of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus): the pattern, number, and size of the bony lateral plates. A few chromosomal regions can account for variation in all three aspects of the lateral plates, with one major locus contributing to most of the variation in lateral plate pattern and number. Genetic mapping and allelic complementation experiments show that the same major locus is responsible for the parallel evolution of armor plate reduction in two widely separated populations. These results suggest that a small number of genetic changes can produce major skeletal alterations in natural populations and that the same major locus is used repeatedly when similar traits evolve in different locations.
Abstract A13: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in myeloid cells promotes angiogenesis by regulating VEGF and S100A8 production (2015)

Abstract Myeloid cells (cells that give rise to monocytes and macrophages) are a critical component in the solid tumor microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis and tumor recurrence to therapies. Recent literature have extensively demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key transcription factor in myeloid cells in responding to hypoxic stimuli including solid tumors and inflammation by secreting various cytokines and growth factors. Although a number of studies have reported that hypoxia exposure to primary macrophages induces HIF-1 activation and subsequent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, there had been no mouse model to demonstrate this phenomenon. To better understand the role of transcriptional activation of HIF in pathological macrophages, we have created a new strain of myeloid-specific knockout (KO) mice targeting HIF pathways using hS100A8 as the myeloid promoter. S100A8 is an intracellular calcium binding protein and its expression has been heavily detected in pathological macrophages of many diseases including solid tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Upon generating mice deficient for von Hippel Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor, the negative regulator of HIF, in myeloid cells, we observed erythema and increased VEGF expression in the bone marrow lysate. Moreover, these mice exhibited an enhanced angiogenesis in the subcutanouesly implanted matrigel plugs, which was accompanied by increased VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in matrigel. We further found that these phenotypes were dependent on transcriptional activation of HIF-1 as a pharmacological or genetic inhibition of HIF-1α completely suppressed the phenotypes in mice deficient for pVHL in myeloid cells. Importantly, we found that HIF-1 activation in myeloid cells regulate not only VEGF but also S100A8 production and identified that monocytes were the major effector driving angiogenesis. Together these results suggest that transcriptional activation of HIF-1 in myeloid cells plays a critical role in promoting angiogenesis. We are currently investigating how HIF-1 in myeloid cells regulates tumor microenvironment thereby affecting tumor progression. Citation Format: G-One Ahn, Young-Eun Kim, Beom-Ju Hong, Seoyeon Bok, Chan-Ju Lee, Hak Jae Kim, Il Han Kim, Jun Seita, Irving Weissman, J Martin Brown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in myeloid cells promotes angiogenesis by regulating VEGF and S100A8 production. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A13. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A13
Risk factors for congestive heart failure after aortic valve replacement with a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial prosthesis in the elderly. (2005)

Morbidity due to CHF after AVR could be minimized with correct treatment of AF and of conduction defects. Patient age, valve size, cross-clamp time and preoperative severity or symptoms were not independent risk factors. Moreover, small native aortic valve rings should not necessarily be enlarged, the cross-clamp time should be kept to a minimum, and surgery should not be delayed when symptoms have developed.
The K-D-B-Tree : a search structure for large multidimensional dynamic indexes (2018)

Computer Science Department
Cosmogenic and Primordial Radionuclides in Lunar Samples by Nondestructive Gamma-Ray Spectrometry (1970)

The (7)Be, (22)Na, (26)Al, (44)Ti, (46)SC, (48)V (51)Cr, (54)Mn, (56)Co, (57)Co, (57)CO, (40)K, (238)U, and (232)Th were measured in lunar fines and portions of three rocks. Major production of cosmogenic radionuclides is due to solar protons, thus their concentrations are far different than those in meteorites. Surface exposures of the rocks and fines are long compared with the 0.74 million year half-life of (26)Al. Lunar fines show substantially higher concentrations of low energy reaction products. The ratios of thorium to uranium are extremely constant at 3.8, which indicates very little geochemical differentiation and are in good agreement with a common nucleosynthesis for lunar and earth materials.
A Half Century of Research on Agricultural Applications for RF and Microwave Dielectric Heating (2011)

Basic principles of radio-frequency and microwave dielectric heating are presented, and research reports and reviews published over the past 50 or 60 years are identified for various dielectric heating applications that have been explored for potential use in the field of agriculture. Included are applications for grain and forage drying, treatment to improve nutritional value of products, seed treatment to improve germination, treatments to control stored-product insects, soil treatment for weed control, and seed treatment for control of plant pathogens and human pathogenic bacteria. Economic reasons for lack of practical use and requirements for development of potential practical applications are discussed.
The archetype STYX/dead-phosphatase complexes with a spermatid mRNA-binding protein and is essential for normal sperm production (2002)

Differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa is regulated via phosphorylated RNA-binding proteins that modulate the expression of stage-specific mRNAs. We demonstrate that the phosphoserine, -threonine or -tyrosine, interaction protein, Styx, complexes with a testicular RNA-binding protein and is essential for normal spermiogenesis. Ablation of Styx expression in mouse disrupts round and elongating spermatid development, resulting in a >1,000-fold decrease in spermatozoa production. Moreover, Styx(-/-) males are infertile because of structural head abnormalities in residual epididymal sperm. Immunoprecipitation of Styx with Crhsp-24, a phosphorylated RNA-binding protein implicated in translational repression of histone mRNAs, provides a strategy for regulating posttranscriptional gene expression.
A Coding Theoretic View of Secure State Reconstruction (2020)

It has been shown that although the tight coupling between physical and cyber components in cyber-physical systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) brings new challenges, it also offers new solutions to security. On the one hand, physical dynamics offer a new attack surface against which existing cyber-security mechanisms have no defense, e.g. by spoofing physical signals before they reach the cyber domain. On the other hand, the physical dynamics offer additional degrees of redundancy that can be exploited to improve security. Therefore, one can turn the perceived vulnerabilities in physical systems into an advantage, as an adversary can attack the sensing, communication, or computation, but cannot alter physics. In this chapter, we illustrate the above ideas by reviewing some of our results in secure state-estimation in the presence of sensing and actuating attacks. In particular, we review how redundancy in sensing and actuation can enable secure state-estimation despite adversarial attacks on sensors and actuators. We demonstrate how one can use the tools and language of error-correction to give an alternate view of our results on secure state-estimation for IoT. We believe that such a connection could also further advance ideas in security in IoT and in CPS.
Effect of Surfactant Composition on Aeration Characteristics and Stability of Foams in Aerated Food Products (2002)

ABSTRACT: We studied the synergistic effect of surfactants on aeration characteristics and long‐term stability of aerated mesophase. It was observed that bubble size and volume of air incorporated (overrun) depend to a small extent on the dynamic film tension and to a greater extent on the viscosity of the mesophase, both properties being functions of surfactant chemistry and concentration. The overrun of the aerated product decreased over time due to the diffusive transport of air to the atmosphere, leading to its destabilization. The relative rate of destabilization of the aerated mesophase (as function of surfactant composition) has been correlated with the diffusion rate of air from the bulk to the surface.
Dissolution–precipitation synthesis and thermal stability of magnesium whitlockite (2023)

Thermally induced degradation and phase transformation of magnesium whitlockite (Ca 18 Mg 2 (HPO 4 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 12 ) powders were investigated in detail by combining XRD analysis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as well as 1 H and 31 P NMR.
A systolic array computer (2005)

A high-performance systolic array computer has been designed by CMU and is currently under construction. The first copy of the machine, to be built by CMU together with its industrial partners before the end of 1985, will incorporate a programmable systolic array of ten linearly connected cells. Each cell in the systolic array is capable of performing 10 million floating-point operations per second (10 MFLOPS), giving the total machine a peak performance of 100 MFLOPS, or higher if additional cells are used. This particular systolic array computer is named Warp, suggesting that it can perform computations at a very high speed. The 10-cell systolic array, with one cell implemented on one board, can process 1024-point complex FFTs at a rate of one FFT every 600 µs. Under program control, the same array can perform many other primitive computations in signal, image, and vision processing, including two-dimensional convolution, dynamic programming, and real or complex matrix multiplication, at a rate of 100 million floating-point operations per second. Users may view the systolic array as an array of conventional "array processors," which can efficiently implement not only systolic algorithms where communication between adjacent cells is intensive, but also non-systolic algorithms where each cell operates on its own data independently from the rest. This paper describes the hardware organization of the Warp machine.
Initial Observations on the Burning of an Ethanol Droplet in Microgravity (1999)

Combustion of liquid ethanol represents an important system both from fundamental and practical points of view, Ethanol is currently being used as an additive to gasoline in order to reduce carbon monoxide and particulate emissions as well as to improve the fuel octane rating. A detailed physical understanding of liquid ethanol combustion is therefore necessary to achieve an optimal performance of such fuel blends in practical conditions. Ethanol is also a relatively simple model compound suitable for investigation of important combustion characteristics typical of more complex fuels. In particular, ethanol has been proposed for studies of sooting behavior during droplet burning. The sooting nature of ethanol has pressure sensitivities similar to that of n-heptane, but shifted to a higher range of pressures (1-3 atm). Additionally, liquid ethanol is miscible with water produced during its combustion forming mixtures with azeotropic behavior, a phenomenon important for understanding multi-component, liquid fuel combustion. In this work, we present initial results obtained in a series of recent space-based experiments and develop a detailed model describing the burning of ethanol droplet in microgravity.
Anxiety-depressive disorders among irritable bowel syndrome patients in Guilan, Iran (2012)

The high prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders in this study indicates the necessity of psychiatric assessment, early diagnosis and treatment of the patients with IBS. It may improve management of the patients suffering from IBS.
Process Industry Demand for More Efficient, More Cost-Effective Heat Exchanger Tubing (1987)

"Process Industry Demand for More Efficient, More Cost-Effective Heat Exchanger Tubing." Heat Transfer Engineering, 8(4), pp. 38–39
Mutational analysis of residues in the nucleotide binding domain of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. (1994)

Human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was overexpressed in a baculovirus system. The pure recombinant enzyme was identical in size, activity, kinetic constants, and metal effects to native enzyme. Three amino acids, within either the putative nucleotide binding domain and part of a DNA polymerase consensus sequence, YGDTDSLF, or a TdT consensus sequence, GGFRRGK, were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. The four mutant forms of terminal transferase were also overexpressed in the baculovirus expression system and purified from Trichoplusia ni larvae by a monoclonal antibody affinity column and compared with wild-type enzyme with respect to thermostabilities, secondary structure, metal effects, and kinetic parameters. Three of the four mutants retained 3-16% of wild-type activity under varying metal conditions, and one of the mutants, D343E, consistently exhibited less than 0.2% of wild-type TdT activity with dATP and no activity with dGTP. All mutants had alterations in the Km for dATP. Variations in Km for dGTP were not as consistent. The Km for the other substrate, DNA initiator (dA)50) in the presence of dATP remained essentially the same as that of wild-type TdT for all mutants except D343E. The enzyme activity of all mutants was stimulated by Zn2+ at low concentrations, and this effect was diminished and reversed at higher concentrations of ZnSO4. All mutants still retained significant amounts of the secondary structure as measured by circular dichroism. These results indicated that the aspartic acid residue at position 343 is located at or near the active site and is critical for the nucleotide binding and catalytic activity.
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of TeO 2 Glass (1993)

A thin plate of TeO 2 glass of 5.0 × 4.0 × 0.25 mm 3 size, which was large enough for various optical measurements, was obtained by a rapid quenching method. The linear refractive index was measured as a function of wavelength from 486.1 to 1000 nm. The refractive index at 486.1 nm was as high as 2.239. The optical energy band gap was estimated as 3.37 eV from the optical absorption spectrum. The third‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility, χ (3) , was determined by the third‐harmonic generation (THG) method. The χ (3) value was as high as 1.4 × 10 −12 esu, about 50 times as large as that of SiO 2 glass. The results are discussed based on Lines' model in which an influence of cationic empty d ‐orbitals on the nonlinear properties was taken into account.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (1998)

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an extremely heterogenous autoimmune disease process that has the potential to involve every major organ system within the body. Involvement of internal organs is designated as systemic LE (SLE), whereas involvement of the skin is referred to as cutaneous LE. Some LE patients have only SLE and others only cutaneous LE, however, most will have features of both SLE and cutaneous LE. Polyclonal B-cell activation with resultant production of autoantibodies to a number of nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens is a hallmark of LE. Multiple genetic and environmental factors are thought to conspire to produce the mosaic of clinical and laboratory features that constitutes the LE disease process.
Cross-Species Dependence of Ly49 Recognition on the Supertype Defining B-Pocket of a Class I MHC Molecule (2006)

Ly49 recognition of MHC class I (MHC I) can be allele specific. However, the site of interaction on MHC I consists of highly conserved solvent-exposed amino acids, leaving it unclear how allele specificity occurs. In examining the specificity of mouse and rat Ly49, we noticed that MHC I ligands for mouse Ly49G and W, and the rat Ly49i2, typically share the HLA-B7 supertype, defined by a B-pocket that prefers a proline at position 2 in bound peptides. Through mutagenesis, we show that the supertype-defining B-pocket of RT1-A1(c) controls its allele-specific recognition by the syngeneic rat Ly49i2 inhibitory receptor and xenogeneic mouse inhibitory Ly49G and activating Ly49W receptors. Single amino acid substitutions in the B-pocket that did not prevent peptide binding disrupted Ly49 recognition. In contrast, single mutations in other regions of the peptide-binding groove had no effect. We provide a model whereby the B-pocket dictates the conformation of conserved residues at the Ly49 interaction site below, defining Ly49 allele specificity for MHC I. Therefore, at least some Ly49 may recognize supertypes, detectable even across species, and are sensitive to polymorphisms in the supertype-defining B-pocket. This would ensure that expression of specific MHC I supertypes capable of Ag presentation to T cells is sensed by NK cells, and if lacking, targets a cell for elimination, suggesting a supertype-mediated link between innate and adaptive immunity.
Synthesis of New Thiazole and Pyrazole Clubbed 1,2,3-Triazol Derivatives as Potential Antimycobacterial and Antibacterial Agents (2020)

New series of 4-methyl-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-5-(4-((4-(4-substituted phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)thiazole, 6a-t and 4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, 11a-o derivatives have been synthesized by applying copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The newly synthesized 1,3-thiazolyl-pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazole (6a-t) and bis-pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazole (11a-o) derivatives were screened for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against M. Tuberculosis H37Ra dormant and active and antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacteria, E. coli (NCIM 2576), P. flurescence (NCIM 2059), S. aureus (NCIM 2602) and B. subtilis (NCIM 2162). Compounds 6a, 6f, 6j, 11e and 11m showed good activity against M tuberculosis H37Ra Active strain, also compounds 6g, 6h, 11f, 11n and 11o showed good activity against M tuberculosis H37Ra Dormant strain. Compounds 6b, 6i, 6l, 6o, 6r, 11k, 11l and 11m showed good activity against B. subtilis with IC50 1.99-2.96 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity of thiazolyl-pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazole and bis-pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazole derivatives suggested that, these derivatives could lead to new compounds for treatment against bacterial infection.
Rapport V. 3 Le chauffage de serres à l'aide de rejets thermiques (1980)

Balligand P., Fourcy A., Dumont M. Rapport V. 3 Le chauffage de serres à l'aide de rejets thermiques. In: Rejets de chaleur à l'atmosphère. Gestion des calories et hydraulique associée. Compte-rendu des XVIes journées de l'hydraulique. Paris, 16-18 septembre 1980. Tome 2, 1980.