gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Graphical Model Structure for Distributed Inference in Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

Graphical models have been widely applied in distributed network computation problems such as inference in large-scale sensor networks. While belief propagation (BP) based on message passing is a powerful approach to solving such distributed inference problems, one major challenge, in the context of wireless sensor networks, is how to systematically address the trade-off between energy efficiency and inference performance. Although various energy-efficient message passing algorithms based on a given graphical model have been proposed in the literature, little work has been done to optimize the graphical model structure to achieve good energy efficiency and inference performance at the same time. In this paper, we propose an efficient distributed algorithm for optimizing the graphical model structure in order to minimize the communication cost required by the inference algorithm without incurring significant performance loss. We first formulate the problem as a multi-objective constrained problem and prove its NP-hardness. Then, we propose an efficient heuristic to solve the problem in polynomial time. Through extensive simulations, using both real-world sensor network data and synthesized data, we empirically evaluate our proposed graphical model structure optimization framework. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimized graphical model efficiently balances the performance of the inference algorithm (measured by mean squared error) and the energy consumed by the inference algorithm (measured by energy used in communication). These highlight the advantages of our proposed framework.
Polymer Composite Varistor (2006)

A reusable nonlinear polymeric composite varistor composed of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as the matrix and doped zinc oxide varistor powders as the functional fillers, sintered at 850, 950 and 1100℃ for 5 h, is used as a novel material to limit excess voltage, current or power. The functional fillers act as varistors due to their grain boundary characteristics which can be adjusted by different formula and sintering conditions. When applied field is above breakdown field of the filler the current density increases abrupt if a critical temperature is reached. Thereby the over voltage is limited by fillers (i.e. varistor effect) and the over current is limited by polymer matrix (i.e. PTC effect). We studied the dependence of the E-J characteristics on the preparation conditions of filler material, the filler content in the polymeric matrix and suggest possible nonlinear electrical-thermal switching mechanism.
Identification of Salvia haenkei as gerosuppressant agent by using an integrated senescence-screening assay (2016)

Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that is the causative process of aging. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is implicated in the control of cellular senescence and inhibitors of this pathway have been successfully used for life span prolongation experiments in mammals. PTEN is the major regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and loss of PTEN promotes a senescence response termed PICS. Here we report a novel-screening assay, for the identification of compounds that block different types of senescence response. By testing a library of more than 3000 natural and chemical compounds in PTEN deficient cells we have found that an extract from <i>Salvia haenkei</i> (SH), a native plant of Bolivia is a potent inhibitor of PICS. SH also decreases replicative and UV-mediated senescence in human primary fibroblasts and in a model of <i>in vitro</i> reconstructed human epidermis. Mechanistically, SH treatment affects senescence driven by UV by interfering with IL1-α signalling. Pre-clinical and clinical testing of this extract by performing toxicity and irritability evaluation <i>in vitro</i> also demonstrate the safety of SH extract for clinical use as anti-aging skin treatment.
Research on Design and Application of Online English Education Platform Based on Web (2021)

Aiming at the problems of low user satisfaction and long response time in traditional online English education platforms, this paper designs a web-based online English education platform and carries out relevant application tests. With the support of the web, the hardware and software of the platform are designed. The hardware of the platform is composed of student module, teacher module, administrator module, and database module. On this basis, the K-means clustering method is used to cluster the learner data in the web, to determine their English level, and the collaborative filtering algorithm is combined to recommend relevant course materials for learners so as to complete the platform software design. The application test results show that the platform has the advantages of superior function and security, high user satisfaction, and short response time and has certain practical application value.
Nanostring-based screening for tyrosine kinase fusions in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (2020)

Gene expression imbalances were measured for tyrosine kinase (TK) genes using Nanostring in 19 samples of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). All cases were immunohistochemically stained with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and pan-tropomyosin-related-kinase (pan-Trk) antibodies. Five cases with imbalanced ALK expression, reported with Nanostring, were tested using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); two cases with imbalanced neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (NTRK3) expression were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). One case with imbalanced expression for ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) was tested using RNA sequencing and RT-PCR. TK fusions were detected in all cases with imbalanced TK expression. RNA sequencing detected a FN1-ROS1 fusion gene in an adult IMT case. IMT with ALK rearrangement showed myofibroblast-dominant features. IMT with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion showed prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with scattered myofibroblasts. Pan-Trk IHC revealed only scattered positively stained cells in IMT with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. ROS1-positive IMT showed myofibroblast-dominant features.
Reactive Hyper-Reninaemia to Angiotensin Blockade Identifies Renovascular Hypertension (1979)

1. Saralasin and converting enzyme inhibitors SQ 20881 and captopril induced increases in plasma renin activity to greater than 14 ng h-1 ml-1 in 43 out of 44 patients with untreated renovascular hypertension when studied in the seated position and on normal sodium intake. This degree of response was absent in patients with normal-renin essential hypertension and present in only three out of 26 with high-renin essential hypertension. 2. Reductions of greater than approximately 9% in diastolic pressure in response to these three drugs occurred regularly in renovascular hypertension (95%) but also frequently in high-renin (65%) and normal-renin (26%) essential hypertension. 3. Prior sodium depletion abolished the specificity of the renin and depressor responses to angiotensin blockage for renovascular hypertension. 4. Some patients with bilateral renovascular and all with malignant hypertension also exhibited these responses to angiotensin blockade that are characteristic of unilateral renovascular hypertension.
Distributed Curvature Sensing Using a Novel FBG-Based Hybrid Polycarbonate-Silica Multicore Fiber (2022)

A 750 µm diameter hybrid multicore fiber that is 7 times more sensitive for curvature sensing than a standard 125 µm multicore silica fiber is made by drawing a microstructured polycarbonate preform over three polyimide-coated silica fibers containing prewritten distributed arrays of FBGs.
On Effectiveness of Transfer Learning Approach for Neural Network-Based Virtual Metrology Modeling (2017)

Virtual metrology (VM) technologies have been successfully developed to enable wafer-to-wafer quality monitoring with reduced costs in the semiconductor manufacturing process. VM estimates an inspection task by predicting metrology variables as a function of process variables using prediction models trained with previous wafer records collected from the involved set of equipment. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate prediction models, in particular for a newly adopted equipment set, if the number of wafer records for the target equipment set are insufficient. While collecting more records is time-consuming and costly, the abundant data of related equipment sets are fruitful sources to improve VM modeling for an equipment set. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of a transfer learning approach based on neural networks to circumvent data insufficiency. This approach exploits knowledge acquired from previously established VM models of other equipment sets to improve the VM modeling on the target equipment set. Experimental results of the implementation with neural networks on actual datasets demonstrate its superiority in both aspects of metrology accuracy and computational efficiency compared with a traditional independent learning approach.
Cytokine-mediated activation of human ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (2017)

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major subset of the human peripheral blood γδ T-cell, respond to microbial infection and stressed cells through the recognition of phosphoantigens. In contrast to the growing knowledge of antigen-mediated activation mechanisms, the antigen-independent and cytokine-mediated activation mechanisms of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that interleukin (IL) -12 and IL-18 synergize to activate human ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells treated with IL-12 and IL-18 enhanced effector functions, including the expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B, and cytotoxicity. These enhanced effector responses following IL-12 and IL-18 treatment were associated with homotypic aggregation, enhanced expression of ICAM-1 and decreased expression of the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), a co-inhibitory receptor. IL-12 and IL-18 also induced the antigen-independent proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Increased expression of IκBζ, IL-12Rβ2 and IL-18Rα following IL-12 and IL-18 stimulation resulted in sustained activation of STAT4 and NF-κB. The enhanced production of IFN-γ and cytotoxic activity are critical for cancer immunotherapy using Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Thus, the combined treatment of ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with IL-12 and IL-18 may serve as a new strategy for the therapeutic activation of these cells.
Efficacy of a Single-Dose, Inactivated Oral Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh (2016)

A single dose of the oral cholera vaccine was efficacious in older children (≥5 years of age) and in adults in a setting with a high level of cholera endemicity. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02027207.).
Fiber-Optic Lighting System for Orthopaedic Operations (1972)

From the Department of Surgery and the Departtnent of Orthopedic Surgery of the University of Minnesota Hospitals, Minneapolis
Disruption of HIV-1 Integrase−DNA Complexes by Short 6-Oxocytosine-Containing Oligonucleotides, (2002)

We recently found that oligonucleotides containing the 6-oxocytosine heterocyclic base are efficient inhibitors of the HIV-1 integrase in vitro [Brodin, P., et al. (2001) Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 20, 481-486]. In this report, we demonstrate that the inhibition arises from a noncompetitive mechanism in which the modified oligonucleotide attacks the integrase-DNA complex, leading to its active disruption. This conclusion is based on the following results. First, despite the fact that the respective affinities of a 6-oxocytosine-containing oligonucleotide and of its nonmodified counterpart for integrase were identical, only the modified compound inhibited the enzyme activities. Second, DNA binding and UV cross-linking assays indicated that the 6-oxocytosine-containing oligonucleotide prevented the formation of a stable integrase-DNA complex. Third, the kinetics of the dissociation of the integrase-DNA complex were dramatically accelerated in the presence of the modified ODN, whereas the nonmodified counterpart did not influence the dissociation. This mechanism was supported by the ability of the 6-oxocytosine-containing oligonucleotide to inhibit the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 preintegration complexes in vitro. Disruption of integrase-DNA complexes by 6-oxocytosine-containing oligonucleotides constitutes an original mechanism of integration inhibition, therefore suggesting a strategy for searching for inhibitors of the HIV-1 preintegration complexes.
Figure S3 from Bladder Cancer Outcome and Subtype Classification by Gene Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Bladder cell lines and tumors&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of the BRIDGE Programme (1990-1994). Research evaluation-Report No. 70. EUR 16650. (1995)

The Panel expresses its thanks and appreciation to all those who agreed to be interviewed and to all those who responded in writing to the questionnaires and other requests for information.This includes the Programme Managers, members of CAN-BRIDGE, Project Co-ordinators and Participants, Industrialists, representatives of other Commission services, of
Supplementary Figure 2 from Development and Characterization of a Novel CD19CherryLuciferase (CD19CL) Transgenic Mouse for the Preclinical Study of B-Cell Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 1117KB, Histologic analysis of CD19cherryluciferase transgenic mice. Sections are from (a-c) spleen and (b-d) lymph nodes from a mouse of three months of age. Hematoxylin and eosin (a-b) X20 (c-d) or X40.&lt;/p&gt;
Photopolymerization of a novel tetraoxaspiroundecane and silicon‐containing oxiranes (2006)

Abstract New multifunctional silorane‐based systems were investigated, with respect to their photoreactivity, as potential matrix resins for low‐shrinkage/stress dental composites. The objective of this investigation was to synthesize and evaluate the reactivity of a silicon‐analogue oxaspirocyclic monomer with silorane‐based matrix resin systems during visible‐light polymerization. The experimental formulations contained (1) a silicon‐containing 1,5,7,11‐tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (TOSU– IV ), (2) a phenylmethylsilane containing two cyclohexyloxiranyl groups, (3) a cyclotetrasiloxane containing four cyclohexyloxiranyl groups, and (4) a photocationic initiator system. Three main aspects were studied: (1) the photoreactivity of the tetraoxaspiroundecane (TOSU)/silorane reactant mixtures with differential scanning photocalorimetry, (2) oxirane ring‐opening reactions of siloranes during binary photopolymerization with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and (3) oxaspirocyclic ring‐opening reactions of the TOSU reactant during homophotopolymerization and binary photopolymerization with FTIR and NMR. A diallyl ether precursor of TOSU– IV was also included in selected studies. The main findings were as follows: (1) a feasible route for the successful synthesis of a silicon analogue (TOSU– IV ) was developed; (2) TOSU– IV was compatible and photoreactive, making possible the reduction of polymerization stress in silorane‐based matrix resins; and (3) spectroscopic evidence for both oxirane and oxaspirocyclic ring opening during the visible‐light photopolymerization of the test formulations was found. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 336–344, 2007
Oligosaccharide Portion of GM1 Enhances Process Formation by S20Y Neuroblastoma Cells (1988)

The oligosaccharide portion of ganglioside GM1 was found to enhance neuritogenesis by S20Y murine neuroblastoma cells grown in vitro. The average length of the neurites produced by cells grown in the presence of the oligosaccharide portion of GM1 was comparable to that of cells grown in the presence of intact GM1. The processes of these cells were significantly longer (p less than 0.005, pooled t test) than those of cells grown in the presence of comparable concentrations of sialic acid, lactose, sialyllactose, GD1a, or the oligosaccharide moiety of GD1a. These results suggest that it is the oligosaccharide portion of GM1 that is responsible for the ability of GM1 to enhance process outgrowth by S20Y neuroblastoma cells.
TRAF4 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Progression by Promoting BMP/SMAD Signaling (2022)

Our findings identify E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF4 as a potential therapeutic target or biomarker for bladder cancer progression.
New Concepts in Electrolytes (2020)

Over the past decades, Li-ion battery (LIB) has turned into one of the most important advances in the history of technology due to its extensive and in-depth impact on our life. Its omnipresence in all electric vehicles, consumer electronics and electric grids relies on the precisely tuned electrochemical dynamics and interactions among the electrolytes and the diversified anode and cathode chemistries therein. With consumers' demand for battery performance ever increasing, more and more stringent requirements are being imposed upon the established equilibria among these LIB components, and it became clear that the state-of-the-art electrolyte systems could no longer sustain the desired technological trajectory. Driven by such gap, researchers started to explore more unconventional electrolyte systems. From superconcentrated solvent-in-salt electrolytes to solid-state electrolytes, the current research realm of novel electrolyte systems has grown to unprecedented levels. In this review, we will avoid discussions on current state-of-the-art electrolytes but instead focus exclusively on unconventional electrolyte systems that represent new concepts.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC RESEARCHES ON 1,6‐DIOXASPIRO(4,5)DECANE 2. MITT. (1974)

Abstract Ein präparativer Weg zum Dioxaspirodecan‐System (VI), das in der Natur weit verbreitet ist, wird aufgezeigt: Durch Reaktion des Aldehyds (Ib), der durch Reduktion des Nitrils (Ia) mit Raney‐Ni und Na‐hypophosphit darstellbar ist, mit dem Bromester (II) wird ein trennbares 1:2‐Gemisch der isomeren Epoxyester (IIIa) und (IIIb) (und der jeweiligen Enantiomeren) erhalten.
Photoresists stripping using dielectric barrier glow discharge plasma system (2012)

Summary form only given. A novel radio frequency (rf) dielectric barrier glow discharge plasma (DBGD) was utilized to evaluate the AZ9912 photoresist (PR) stripping effect. Argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) were employed as working gases and ignited under atmospheric pressure. The discharge power efficiency was calculated based on the Lissajous plot and could reach to 80%. Compared to rf atmospheric glow discharges generated with bare electrodes, the DBGD remains stable and uniform over a larger current. Time dependant dielectric breakdown (TDDB) testing was conducted to evaluate the reliability of gate oxide on MOS capacitors. The surface of the etched PR was characterized using optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that there were no visible residues and plasma-induced ion bombardment damage left on the surface. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was also used to study the working species during the stripping process and the results showed that the possible useful active species belong to the atomic O and OH radical.
Rapid Simulation of Naturally Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs with Unstructured Grids Using the Fast Marching Method (2017)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing treatment in naturally fractured unconventional reservoirs generally induce complex fracture geometries. Thus an unstructured grid, instead of a Cartesian or corner point grid, is preferred to accurately model the geometry of the fractures and the performance of such reservoirs. The drawback of conventional simulation on unstructured grids is the potentially heavy computational cost. A novel approach has recently been introduced to provide rapid simulation of unconventional reservoirs, which first captures the drainage volume during the transient propagation process using the Fast Marching Method (FMM) and then rapidly solves fluid flow equation in an equivalent 1D domain. However, this application is currently limited to calculating the reservoir response with Cartesian or corner-point grids. In this study, the FMM based simulation method is extended to unstructured grid. A new mesh generation approach is first presented to discretize the complex fracture network, accounting for both hydraulic fractures and natural fractures. Voronoi cells (or perpendicular bisector, i.e. PEBI grids) are constructed with high resolution near the fractures and with larger cells far from fractures. A force-equilibrium algorithm is adopted here to optimize the mesh quality and reduce highly skewed cells. FMM algorithm is computed on the basis of subdivided triangles, which can provide the diffusive time of flight (DToF) at both Voronoi cell vertices and cell centers. Thus, a more accurate calculation of drainage volume in unconventional reservoir with complex fracture networks can be obtained. Finally, fluid flow is calculated in transformed 1D domain, where DToF acts as the 1D spatial coordinate. Unstructured grids with good mesh quality are constructed to accurately capture the complex fracture network system. The convergence characteristic of FMM on unstructured grids is investigated. Reservoir simulation is efficiently computed based on the drainage volume information from the unstructured grid system using FMM, and the simulation results are validated with finite-difference based and finite-volume based numerical results. There are three key parts of this proposed approach, which are: (i) good mesh generation technique to capture complex fracture networks, (ii) FMM computation on unstructured grids to provide the drainage volume, and (iii) fluid flow calculation in transformed 1D domain. We extend the reservoir simulation using FMM in unconventional reservoirs from Cartesian and corner point grid systems to unstructured grids. The proposed approach shows orders of magnitude reduction in simulation time for modeling unstructured grids, bringing typical simulation times of hours or days down to minutes, which is quite attractive for high-resolution models. Through the numerical examples, the proposed method is demonstrated to be an accurate and efficient approach to simulate naturally fractured unconventional reservoirs with unstructured grids.
AoI and Throughput Tradeoffs in Routing-aware Multi-hop Wireless Networks (2020)

The Age-of-Information (AoI) is a newly introduced metric for capturing information updating timeliness, as opposed to the network throughput, which is a conventional performance metric to measure the network transmission speed and robustness as a whole. While considerable work has addressed either optimal AoI or throughput individually, the inherent relationships between the two performance metrics are yet to be explored, especially in multi-hop networks. In this paper, we explore their relationships in multi-hop networks for the very first time, particularly focusing on the impacts of flexible routes on the two metrics. By developing a rigorous mathematical model with interference, channel allocation, link scheduling, and routing path selection taken into consideration, we build the interrelation between AoI and throughput in multi-hop networks. A multi-criteria optimization problem is formulated with the goal of simultaneously minimizing AoI and maximizing network throughput. To solve this problem, we resort to a novel approach by transforming the multi-criteria problem into a single objective one so as to find the weakly Pareto-optimal points iteratively, thereby allowing us to screen all Pareto-optimal points for the solution. A new algorithm based on the piece-wise linearization technique is then developed to closely linearize the non-linear terms in the single objective problem via their linear approximation segments to make it solvable. We formally prove that our algorithms can find all Pareto-optimal points in a finite number of iterations. From simulation results, we identify the tradeoff points of the optimal AoI and throughput, demonstrating that one performance metric improves at the expense of degrading the other, with the routing path found as one of the key factors in determining such a tradeoff.