gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trimethylphosphine as a reactive solvent: synthesis, crystal structures, and reactions of [Ta(PMe3)3(η2-CH2PMe2)(η2-CHPMe2)] and [W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H] and related studies (1985)

Reduction of WCl6, MoCl5, TaCl5, ReCl5, and RuCl3 using sodium sand in pure trimethylphosphine as a reactive solvent gives the compounds [W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H], [Mo(PMe3)5H2], [Ta(PMe3)3(η2-CH2PMe2)(η2-CHPMe2)], [Re(PMe3)5H], [Ru(PMe3)3(η2-CH2PMe2)H], and [(PMe3)3 HRu(µ-CH2PMe2)2RuH(PMe3)3], respectively. The crystal structures of the tungsten and tantalum compounds have been determined. The previously unknown ligand η2-CHPMe2 is shown to be present in the tantalum compound. The reduction of WCl6 in PMe3 by magnesium is shown to proceed in the sequence [W(PMe3)3Cl4], [{W(PMe3)3Cl2}2], [W(PMe3)4Cl2]. Reduction of [W(PMe3)3Cl4] with sodium sand under hydrogen gives [W(PMe3)4Cl2H2]. The compound [W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H] reacts with butadiene giving cis-[W(PMe3)2(η-C4H6)2] and with cyclopentadiene forming [W(η-C5H5)(PMe3)3H] and [W(η-C5H5)2H2]. Variable-temperature n.m.r. studies on [W(PMe3)4(η2-CH2PMe2)H] show it to be fluxional. Reduction of RUCl3 in trimethylphosphine–cyclopentene gives [Ru(PMe3)4(σ-[graphic omitted]H2)H]. The compound [W(PMe3)3H6] with spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene gives [W(η-C5H4Et)(PMe3)3H].
Influence of the Oral Hypoglycemic Agent Linogliride (McN-3935) on Insulin Secretion from Isolated Rat Islets of Langerhans (1987)

The influence of a new orally effective hypoglycemic compound, linogliride (McN-3935), on insulin release from isolated perifused rat islets was investigated. At a concentration of 100 microM, linogliride was without effect on insulin secretion in the absence of glucose. While 5.5 mM glucose alone produced a weak secretagogue effect, the secretory response was dramatically (5- to 6-fold) increased by the addition of 100 microM linogliride. This concentration of linogliride did not affect the conversion of [5-3H]glucose to 3H2O, a measure of the rate of glycolysis by the islet. Insulin secretion in response to the combination of 100 microM linogliride and 5.5 mM glucose was abolished by the omission of extracellular calcium. Mannoheptulose (10 mM), an inhibitor of glucose phosphorylation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, markedly attenuated the insulinotropic effect of linogliride in parallel with reduced glucose usage. Paradoxically, in the presence of another metabolic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (10 mM), the insulinotropic effect of linogliride (100 microM) in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose was not diminished despite the reduced glucose usage. Linogliride significantly increased the secretory response to other secretagogues, including 2.5 mM D-glyceraldehyde, 15 mM N-acetylglucosamine, 10 mM leucine, and 100 nM of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These data suggest that linogliride amplifies a cellular signal generated during beta-cell activation by various stimulants.
Recent advances in the discovery of flavonoids and analogs with high‐affinity binding to P‐glycoprotein responsible for cancer cell multidrug resistance (2002)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that confers multidrug resistance on cells by virtue of its ability to exclude cytotoxic drugs in an ATP-dependent manner. The most commonly considered hypothesis is that P-gp acts as an ATP-driven drug-export pump, the mechanism of which is not understood in detail. Therefore, a tremendous effort is being made to find out modulator molecules to inhibit P-gp. We have been developing flavonoid derivatives as a new class of promising modulators using a new in vitro rational-screening assay based on measurements of the binding-affinity toward the C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD2) of P-gp. This review is focused on our results obtained with a variety of flavonoids. Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids as potential MDR modulators are reported.
DIAL technique for pollution monitoring: improvements and complementary systems (1985)

Improvements to and complementary systems for a differential absorption lidar system for field work are discussed. A dual-wavelength laser and a dual-wavelength detection system, which make DIAL with simultaneous lidar measurements at two wavelengths possible, are described. A multiwavelength measurement routine, which will improve accuracy and detection limits, is proposed. A dual-beam lidar system for measurements of plume velocity is also described.
Variational Inference with a Quantum Computer (2021)

Inference is the task of drawing conclusions about unobserved variables given observations of related variables. Applications range from identifying diseases from symptoms to classifying economic regimes from price movements. Unfortunately, performing exact inference is intractable in general. One alternative is variational inference, where a candidate probability distribution is optimized to approximate the posterior distribution over unobserved variables. For good approximations, a flexible and highly expressive candidate distribution is desirable. In this work, we use quantum Born machines as variational distributions over discrete variables. We apply the framework of operator variational inference to achieve this goal. In particular, we adopt two specific realizations: one with an adversarial objective and one based on the kernelized Stein discrepancy. We demonstrate the approach numerically using examples of Bayesian networks, and implement an experiment on an IBM quantum computer. Our techniques enable efficient variational inference with distributions beyond those that are efficiently representable on a classical computer.
Microsoft Office Word 2007 Inside Out (2007)

Learn everything you need to know for working with Microsoft Office Word 2007. This book packs hundreds of time-saving solutions, troubleshooting tips, and workarounds for using Office Word 2007. Whether you are upgrading from Microsoft Office 97 or 2003, youll get the help you need take your Office Word 2007 experience to the next level. This information-packed complete reference shows you how to get the most out of Office Word 2007. You will learn how to create custom forms and publish Web pages; make use of research and reference tools; format documents using templates, wizards, add-ins, and XML; and collaborate with others by using shared workspaces. Youll even learn how to automate tasks in Office Word 2007 with macros and Microsoft Visual Basic.
A Versatile Diphosphine Ligand: cis and trans Chelation or Bridging, with Self Association through Hydrogen Bonding (2013)

The diphosphine ligand, N,N'-bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)isophthalamide, dpipa, contains two amide groups and can form cis or trans chelate complexes or cis,cis or trans,trans bridged complexes. The amide groups are likely to be involved in intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This combination of properties of the ligand dpipa leads to very unusual structural properties of its complexes, which often exist as mixtures of monomers and dimers in solution. In the complex [Au2(μ-dpipa)2]Cl2, the ligands adopt the trans,trans bridging mode, with linear gold(I) centers, and the amide groups hydrogen bond to the chloride anions. In [Pt2Cl4(μ-dpipa)2], the ligands adopt the cis,cis bridging mode, with square planar platinum(II) centers, and the amide groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonds to the chloride ligands to form a supramolecular one-dimensional polymer. Both the monomeric and dimeric complexes [PtMe2(dpipa)] and [Pt2Me4(μ-dpipa)2] have cis-PtMe2 units with cis chelating or cis,cis bridging dpipa ligands respectively; each forms a supramolecular dimer through hydrogen bonding between amide groups and each contains an unusual NH···Pt interaction. An attempted oxidative addition reaction with methyl iodide gave the complex [PtIMe(dpipa)], which contains trans chelating dpipa, while a reaction with bromine gave a disordered complex with approximate composition [Pt2Me3Br5(μ-dpipa)2], which contains trans,trans bridging dpipa ligands.
Moving Metal-Mediated 18F-Fluorination from Concept to Clinic (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFirst ReactionsNEXTMoving Metal-Mediated 18F-Fluorination from Concept to ClinicHow adherence to current Good Manufacturing Practices helps get Ritter and Hooker's fluorination method one step closer to widespread use.Melanie S. Sanford and Peter J. H. ScottView Author Information Departments of Chemistry, Radiology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United StatesE-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]Cite this: ACS Cent. Sci. 2016, 2, 3, 128–130Publication Date (Web):March 14, 2016Publication History Published online14 March 2016Published inissue 23 March 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00061https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00061newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views4054Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (842 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biological imaging,Chemical reactions,Halogenation,Nickel,Positron emission tomography Get e-Alerts
Regularity based descriptor computed from local image oscillations (2007)

This work presents a novel local image descriptor based on the concept of pointwise signal regularity. Local image regions are extracted using either an interest point or an interest region detector, and discriminative feature vectors are constructed by uniformly sampling the pointwise Hölderian regularity around each region center. Regularity estimation is performed using local image oscillations, the most straightforward method directly derived from the definition of the Hölder exponent. Furthermore, estimating the Hölder exponent in this manner has proven to be superior, in most cases, when compared to wavelet based estimation as was shown in previous work. Our detector shows invariance to illumination change, JPEG compression, image rotation and scale change. Results show that the proposed descriptor is stable with respect to variations in imaging conditions, and reliable performance metrics prove it to be comparable and in some instances better than SIFT, the state-of-the-art in local descriptors.
The Use of Airborne and Mobile Laser Scanning for Modeling Railway Environments in 3D (2014)

This paper presents methods for 3D modeling of railway environments from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and mobile laser scanning (MLS). Conventionally, aerial data such as ALS and aerial images were utilized for 3D model reconstruction. However, 3D model reconstruction only from aerial-view datasets can not meet the requirement of advanced visualization (e.g., walk-through visualization). In this paper, objects in a railway environment such as the ground, railroads, buildings, high voltage powerlines, pylons and so on were reconstructed and visualized in real-life experiments in Kokemaki, Finland. Because of the complex terrain and scenes in railway environments, 3D modeling is challenging, especially for high resolution walk-through visualizations. However, MLS has flexible platforms and provides the possibility of acquiring data in a complex environment in high detail by combining with ALS data to produce complete 3D scene modeling. A procedure from point cloud classification to 3D reconstruction and 3D visualization is introduced, and new solutions are proposed for object extraction, 3D reconstruction, model simplification and final model 3D visualization. Image processing technology is used for the classification, 3D randomized Hough transformations (RHT) are used for the planar detection, and a quadtree approach is used for the ground model simplification. The results are visually analyzed by a comparison with an orthophoto at a 20 cm ground resolution.
Increased platelet-activating factor receptor gene expression by corneal epithelial wound healing. (2000)

Corneal injury produces changes in PAF-R mRNA expression. Whereas stroma fibroblastic cells lost the PAF-R gene expression found in keratocytes, corneal epithelial injury upregulated PAF-R mRNA. These results suggest that activation of selective growth factors and increases in PAF synthesis after injury stimulate PAF-R gene transcription and constitute important feedback mechanisms needed to maintain the inflammatory process and regulate epithelial wound healing.
Investigation of Nano-Mechanical and- Tribological Properties of Hydrogenated Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings (2016)

Abstract Hydrogenated diamond like Carbon (H-DLC) is a promising lubricious coating that attracted a great deal of interest in recent years mainly because of its outstanding tribological properties. In this study, the nano-mechanical and -tribological properties of a range of H-DLC films were investigated. Specifically, four kinds of H-DLC coatings were produced on Si substrates in pure acetylene, pure methane, 25% methane + 75% hydrogen, 50% methane + 50% hydrogen discharge plasmas using a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system. Nano indentation was performed to measure the mechanical properties such as hardness and young's modulus and nanoscartching was performed to investigate the frictional behavior and wear mechanism of the H-DLC samples in open air. Moreover, Vickers indentation method was utilized to assess the fracture toughness of the samples. The results revealed that there is a strong correlation between the mechanical properties (hardness, young's modulus, fracture toughness) and the friction coefficient of DLC coatings and the source gas chemistry. Lower hydrogen to carbon ratio in source gas leads to higher hardness, young's modulus, fracture toughness and lower friction coefficient. Furthermore, lower wear volume of the coated materials was observed when the friction coefficient was lower. It was also confirmed that lower hydrogen content of the DLC coating leads to higher wear resistance under nanoscratch conditions.
BEAM DYNAMICS IN THE FRIB LINAC (2010)

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a Department of Energy (DOE) national user facility to provide intense beams of rare isotopes for nuclear science researchers, is currently being established on the campus of Michigan State University (MSU). A superconducting driver linac will deliver cw beams of stable isotopes with an energy of >200 MeV/u at a beam power of 400 kW. Highly charged ions will be produced from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) with a total extraction current of several mA. Multiple charge states of heavier ions will be accelerated simultaneously to meet the final beam power requirement. The FRIB driver linac lattice design has been developed and end-to-end beam simulations have been performed to evaluate the machine performance. An overview of the beam dynamics is presented.
Network structure and properties of platinum‐catalyzed addition cure release coatings (1993)

Abstract Silicone‐release coatings are used by the pressure‐sensitive adhesive industry for labeling applications. Typical release coatings are prepared by the platinum‐catalyzed addition reaction of a silicone hydride fluid with a silicone vinyl polymer. Methodology has been developed to determine the network structure of cured release coatings, which involves degradation of the network with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid in excess hexamethyldisiloxane. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography (GC) were employed to identify and quantify residual functionality and cross‐links. Residual hydride functionality was also determined by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATRFTIR). The observation of network structure by solid‐state 29 Si‐NMR using cross polarization (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS) is also discussed. The networks underwent a postcure as evidenced by a decrease in residual hydride functionality and an increase in silane content and/or cross‐links. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Two-Photon Fluorescent Holographic Rewritable Micropatterning (2007)

Monomeric amorphous systems involving an upper azo-based layer and a lower fluorophore layer have been carefully designed to enable holographic formation of micrometric emissive photopatterns through reversible photoinduced mass migration of azoderivatives. The fluorescent patterns evidenced by NIR biphotonic excitation match the micrometric surface relief. After successful erasure by using a circularly polarized visible light, new patterns can be written again.
Clinicopathological significance of the expression of CD44v2 in colorectal cancer. (2000)

Expression of CD44 variant isoforms has been reported to be correlated with faster progression of neoplastic diseases, metastasis and reduced survival period. In this study, the correlation between the expression of CD44v2 (v2) or CD44v6 (v6) and clinicopathological features was examined in Dukes B and C colorectal cancer using immunohistochemistry. V6 expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological indices or prognosis in either Dukes B or C. On the other hand, v2 expression was correlated significantly with recurrence rate and poorer prognosis in Dukes B colorectal cancer although there was no correlation between v2 expression and prognosis in Dukes C patients. The results suggest that v2 is a candidate for a prognostic marker in Dukes B colorectal cancer. CD44v2 expression may be an indication for adopting adjuvant chemotherapy in patients without lymph node metastasis.
Original Crystal-Chemical Behaviors in (Ba,Sr)2Ln(Fe,Nb,Ta)5O15 Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze: Anion-Driven Properties Evidenced by Cationic Substitutions (2014)

From room-temperature composite multiferroics to relaxor to ferroelectric crossovers, many original behaviors were recently evidenced in compounds and/or solid solutions related to the Ba2LnFeNb4O15 (Ln = rare earth) family of tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) materials. We show how an empirical crystal chemistry approach, while yielding unexpected results, allowed for a better understanding of these original and sometimes specific behaviors. A survey of the dielectric properties of four solid solutions derived from the Ba2NdFeNb4O15 ferroelectric TTB is presented. We also show how the diversity of compositions and chemical substitution patterns unveils the anionic driving force behind the relaxor to ferroelectric crossovers. We finally discuss the probable involvement of aperiodic modulations in these crossovers and the fact that these modulations may constitute an additional degree of freedom to control the properties of TTB structured functional materials.
Scaling distributional similarity to large corpora (2006)

Accurately representing synonymy using distributional similarity requires large volumes of data to reliably represent infrequent words. However, the naïve nearest-neighbour approach to comparing context vectors extracted from large corpora scales poorly (O(n2) in the vocabulary size).In this paper, we compare several existing approaches to approximating the nearest-neighbour search for distributional similarity. We investigate the trade-off between efficiency and accuracy, and find that SASH (Houle and Sakuma, 2005) provides the best balance.
DYNAMIC CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR MIMO-CONSTANT ENVELOPE MODULATION (2011)

The Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO)Constant Envelope Modulation MIMOCEM is introduced as power and complexity efficient alternative to MIMO-OFDM for wireless backhaul networks. Due to a low resolution ADC (1-bit in the default operation) employed in the MIMO-CEM receiver, MIMO-CEM channel estimation is considered as one of the major challenges toward its real application. A block based adaptive channel estimator was proposed by the authors to estimate MIMO-CEM channel in static and quasi-static channel conditions. In this scheme, channel parameters are iteratively estimated by replicating the received preamble signals. In addition, to accurately estimate MIMO-CEM channel in presence of severe quantization errors caused by a low resolution ADC on the receiver side, the authors proved that Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) preambles transmission is effective in estimating MIMO channel state information. Although wireless backhaul channel is generally assumed to be static and quasi-static, it suffers from channel fluctuations in actual situation. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a decision directed channel estimation (DDCE) to track MIMOCEM channel fluctuation in high Doppler frequency conditions, and clarify the effectiveness of MIMO-CEM adaptive estimator in time varying channel conditions. The performance of proposed DDCE is compared with that of Pilot Assisted (PAS) linear interpolation dynamic channel estimation. For performance evaluations, different Doppler frequencies are assumed to prove the effectiveness of the scheme even in high channel variations. Simulation results prove that MIMO-CEM is applicable to dynamic channel conditions with various Doppler frequencies.
Effects of Salmon Nasal Cartilage Proteoglycan on Plasma Glucose Concentration and Active Glucose Transport in the Small Intestine (2015)

Recently, proteoglycan was purified from the nasal cartilage of salmon. Although several physiological effects have been reported, the effect of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (salmon PG) on glucose metabolism remains unclear. We studied the effect of salmon PG on rat plasma glucose levels. Oral administration of 1% salmon PG significantly attenuated the increase in portal plasma glucose levels following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally 1% salmon PG delayed the increase in peripheral glucose concentration induced by the OGTT. Mucosal administration of 1% salmon PG significantly decreased active glucose transport using the everted jejunal sac method. Furthermore, transmural potential difference (ΔPD) measurements using the everted jejunum revealed that 1% salmon PG significantly decreased glucose-dependent and phlorhizin (inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 1; SGLT1)-sensitive ΔPD. These results suggest that salmon PG decreases glucose absorption via SGLT1 in the jejunum, thereby attenuating the increase in portal and peripheral plasma glucose levels in rats.