gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMB2026791, a Xanthone, Stimulates Cholesterol Efflux by Increasing the Binding of Apolipoprotein A-I to ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (2012)

It is known that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis and high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Several laboratories have demonstrated that ABCA1 binding to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) will mediate the assembly of nascent HDL and cellular cholesterol efflux, which suggests a possible receptor-ligand interaction between ABCA1 and apoA-I. In this study, a cell-based-ELISA-like high-throughput screening (HTS) method was developed to identify the synthetic and natural compounds that can regulate binding activity of ABCA1 to apoA-I. The cell-based-ELISA-like high-throughput screen was conducted in a 96-well format using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with ABCA1 pIRE2-EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorecence Protein) expression vector and the known ABCA1 inhibitor glibenclamide as the antagonist control. From 2,600 compounds, a xanthone compound (IMB 2026791) was selected using this HTS assay, and it was proved as an apoA-I binding agonist to ABCA1 by a flow cytometry assay and western blot analysis. The [3H] cholesterol efflux assay of IMB2026791 treated ABCA1-CHO cells and PMA induced THP-1 macrophages (human acute monocytic leukemia cell) further confirmed the compound as an accelerator of cholesterol efflux in a dose-dependent manner with an EC(50) of 25.23 μM.
Alterations of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19 (INK4D) is rare in hematopoietic malignancies. (1996)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) can be classified into two groups based on the structure of the proteins. One group includes the p21 (CIP1, WAF1, CAP20), p27 (Kip1), and p57 (Kip2) CDKIs, which contain a homologous amino-terminal cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitory domain. The p16 (INK4A), p15 (INK4B), and p18 (INK4C) CDKIs, which have an ankyrin repeat motifs, belong to the other group. The p16 and p15 CDKI genes are very frequently altered in a variety of cancers including hematopoietic malignancies. The p19 (INK4D) gene is a newly cloned CDKI which belongs to the latter group. To determine if p19 genetic alterations play a role in hematopoietic malignancies, we examined DNA from 45 childhood newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALLs), 30 acute myeloblastic leukemias (AMLs), 10 chronic myelocytic leukemias (CMLs), 45 adult T cell leukemias (ATLs), 70 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and 20 multiple myelomas (MM) as well as 14 ALL, 20 AML, two ATL, and five lymphoma cell lines. Using Southern blot analysis, one homozygous deletion of the p19 gene was detected in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Burkitt-like lymphoma sample. No point mutations in any of the samples were found by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. Our investigation suggests that alterations of p19 do not play an important role in the development of most hematopoietic malignancies.
Human fetal testis Leydig cell disruption by exposure to the pesticide dieldrin at low concentrations (2007)

Our findings indicate that exposure to very low, biologically relevant, concentrations of environmental chemicals could affect the fetal human Leydig cell, reducing testosterone secretion and potentially leading to subtle dysregulation of reproductive development and adult fecundity.
Relevance of RET proto-oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. (1996)

Analysis of peripheral blood or tumor DNA samples from 101 patients with apparent sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was performed to assess the frequency of RET proto-oncogene mutations in this patient population. Peripheral blood and/or tumor DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequence or restriction enzyme analysis was performed to detect mutations of RET proto-oncogene codons 609, 611, 618, 620, 634, 768, and 918. Six of 101 patients with apparent sporadic MTC had peripheral blood DNA mutations more commonly associated with hereditary MTC. In 4 patients, these mutations led to the identification of previously unrecognized kindreds. The remaining 2 patients were examples of de novo mutations. A codon 918 mutation was found in 14 of 57 (approximately 25%) tumor DNA samples. Mutations were not identified in the remaining patients. In this large cancer center population, approximately 6% of patients with sporadic MTC carry peripheral blood DNA mutations, either inherited or de novo, more commonly associated with MEN 2A or familial MTC. Seven additional gene carriers were identified as a direct result of these studies, a 2-fold multiplying effect. We conclude routine application of RET proto-oncogene testing should be included in all cases of apparent sporadic MTC.
Simulation of photon-limited images using videodata (1996)

Poisson or shot noise is a major degrading factor in low-light and infrared imaging. The authors show how images from a standard video camera can be artifically degraded to simulate the effect of Poisson noise. A specific algorithm is given, together with details of the computational cost.
Did Early Renaissance Painters Trace Optically Projected Images? The Conclusion of Independent Scientists, Art Historians, and Artists (2017)

In 2000, the contemporary painter, photographer and set designer David Hockney claimed that some Western artists secretly built optical projectors, projected portions of a sunlit scene or subject onto their supports. This chapter describes the optical tracing theory in a bit more detail and explores its scholarly and even philosophical foundations in order to determine what aspects of the claims can—and cannot—be tested, even in principle. It also considers the image evidence from key paintings and the arguments concerning the projection claim, both pro and con; in particular alternative non-optical explanations for the &quot;optical&quot; evidence. The chapter turns to the important matter of contemporary documentary evidence—or lack of evidence—in support of the projection claim and the proponents' speculation that this lack of evidence is due to artists protecting &quot;trade secrets&quot; or fearing the Inquisition. It examines the physical evidence and material culture of the time to see if adequate materials and knowledge about appropriate projections existed.
Polygenic Risk for Skin Autoimmunity Impacts Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Bladder Cancer (2019)

Abstract PD-1 and PD-L1 act to restrict T-cell responses in cancer and contribute to self-tolerance. Consistent with this role, PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors have been associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), immune toxicities thought to be autoimmune in origin. Analyses of dermatological irAEs have identified an association with improved overall survival (OS) following anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, but the factors that contribute to this relationship are poorly understood. We collected germline whole genome sequencing data from IMvigor211, a recent phase 3 randomized controlled trial comparing atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) monotherapy to chemotherapy in bladder cancer. We found that high vitiligo, high psoriasis, and low atopic dermatitis polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were associated with longer OS under anti-PD-L1 monotherapy as compared to chemotherapy, reflecting the Th17 polarization of these diseases. PRSs were not correlated with tumor mutation burden, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, nor T-effector gene signatures. Shared genetic factors impact risk for dermatological autoimmunity and anti-PD-L1 monotherapy in bladder cancer.
Sialidase of rat hepatomas: qualitative and quantitative comparison with rat liver sialidase. (1984)

The subcellular distribution of sialidase in rat hepatoma induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene was studied by using sialyllactose as a substrate in the pH range of 4.0-7.0. As found in rat liver, the activity was recovered largely in the mitochondrial/lysosomal fraction with an optimal pH of 4.5 and in the cytosolic fraction with an optimal pH of 6.0, although hepatoma lysosomal (acidic) sialidase was also distributed in the microsomal fraction. The lysosomal and cytosolic sialidases of the hepatoma were indistinguishable from the corresponding enzymes of liver in chromatographic behavior, kinetics and substrate specificity. The levels of lysosomal and cytosolic sialidase activities in liver and hepatomas were then studied in the pellet and supernatant fractions, respectively, obtained by centrifuging the postnuclear supernatant at 105,000g for 1 hr. All the hepatomas tested, one primary and three transplanted, showed higher lysosomal sialidase and lower cytosolic sialidase activities as compared with liver. Quantitative changes similar to those seen in hepatomas were observed in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy.
Placenames From Longfellow's “Song of Hiawatha” (1991)

AbstractNo American literary work has had more influence on the adoption of Indian place names in North America than Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Song of Hiawatha (1855). At least a hundred placenames, not counting duplications, are traceable to this poem. All (except those named for the title character) are from Algonquian or Siouan languages and reflect to a degree the influence of John Tanner, Mary Eastman, and Lewis H. Morgan. The names are taken not only from mythological figures, but also from aboriginal terms for flora, fauna, and cultural objects.
Amyloid β peptide-induced corpus callosum damage and glial activation in vivo (2003)

The effects of stereotaxic injection of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ1−42) into rat brain to induce white matter damage have been studied. Administration of 1 nmol Aβ1−42 into corpus callosum resulted in considerable damage to axons as evidenced by the loss of neurofilament-immunoreactive (NF-ir) fibers 6 h and 3 and 7 days post-injection. Significant damage was also evident to myelin (using Luxol fast blue myelin staining) and oligodendrocytes (using CC1 immunocytochemistry); in the latter case marked caspase-3 immunoreactivity was evident in oligodendrocytes. Additionally, the numbers of GFAP-ir astrocytes and OX-42/OX-6-ir microglia were markedly increased following Aβ1−42 injection. These results suggest that Aβ plays an important pathophysiological role in white matter damage and that inflammatory responses may contribute to Aβ-induced demyelination and oligodendrocyte injury in corpus callosum. Loss of function of cells in corpus callosum could provide a potential new model for the study of white matter damage in Alzheimer's disease.
A New Synthesis of 2-Aryl-4-hydroxyquinolines1 (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of 2-Aryl-4-hydroxyquinolines1Reynold C. Fuson and Donald M. BurnessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1270–1272Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trophic Dynamics of Filter Feeding Bivalves in the Yangtze Estuarine Intertidal Marsh: Stable Isotope and Fatty Acid Analyses (2015)

Benthic bivalves are important links between primary production and consumers, and are essential intermediates in the flow of energy through estuarine systems. However, information on the diet of filter feeding bivalves in estuarine ecosystems is uncertain, as estuarine waters contain particulate matter from a range of sources and as bivalves are opportunistic feeders. We surveyed bivalves at different distances from the creek mouth at the Yangtze estuarine marsh in winter and summer, and analyzed trophic dynamics using stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) techniques. Different bivalve species had different spatial distributions in the estuary. Glauconome chinensis mainly occurred in marshes near the creek mouth, while Sinonovacula constricta preferred the creek. Differences were found in the diets of different species. S. constricta consumed more diatoms and bacteria than G. chinensis, while G. chinensis assimilated more macrophyte material. FA markers showed that plants contributed the most (38.86 ± 4.25%) to particular organic matter (POM) in summer, while diatoms contributed the most (12.68 ± 1.17%) during winter. Diatoms made the largest contribution to the diet of S. constricta in both summer (24.73 ± 0.44%) and winter (25.51 ± 0.59%), and plants contributed no more than 4%. This inconsistency indicates seasonal changes in food availability and the active feeding habits of the bivalve. Similar FA profiles for S. constricta indicated that the bivalve had a similar diet composition at different sites, while different δ13C results suggested the diet was derived from different carbon sources (C4 plant Spartina alterniflora and C3 plant Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter) at different sites. Species-specific and temporal and/or spatial variability in bivalve feeding may affect their ecological functions in intertidal marshes, which should be considered in the study of food webs and material flows in estuarine ecosystems.
LEI MARIA DA PENHA: do princípio da isonomia e a dignidade da pessoa humana (2013)

O presente estudo traz em seu bojo a intencao de realizar uma abordagem especifica acerca da Lei Maria da Penha em relacao ao principio da isonomia e da dignidade da pessoa humana, destacando tambem sua origem e evolucao historica, campos de incidencia, penas e forma de cumprimento, e sera abordado tambem, o foro, competencia, procedimento, possibilidade de prisao em flagrante e arbitramento de fianca, bem como atuacao do Juiz, Ministerio publico e Advogado. O metodo utilizado para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi de pesquisa bibliografica.
Pulsed power conditioning system for the Magajoule laser (2003)

The CEA is responsible for the Megajoule Laser (LMJ) facility. This facility is a large Flashlamp pump laser (1.8 MJ optical output). CEA entered into a contract with THALES to carry out the pulsed power conditioning system for the Megajoule Laser. The pulsed power conditioning system has a modular design which makes the facility more flexible and safer. This complete primary storage is a 450 MJ energy capacitor bank composed of 270 modules of 1.6 MJ energy. Each module is a stand-alone capacitor bank equipped with twelve 100 kJ capacitors and its embedded control/monitor and diagnostic system which is connected by an optical Ethernet link to the Command Control Supervisor of the facility. In the first step of the LMJ program, called "Line Integration Laser" (LIL), one laser chain will be built. The capacitor bank used to drive the LIL is comprised of 10 modules. This paper describes the design of the modules and the results of testing. The overall electrical performance meets the requirements.
The factor V Leiden mutation in Japanese couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion (1999)

Thrombosis of placental vessels can be a major cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, a single point mutation in the factor V gene, is the most common genetic predisposition to thrombosis in European countries and the United States. However, even among Caucasian populations, the association between the FVL mutation and RSA is still controversial. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of the FVL mutation in Japanese women who have experienced RSA and to clarify the contribution of the FVL mutation to recurrent miscarriages. A total of 52 Japanese women with a history of three or more consecutive idiopathic first trimester miscarriages and 41 of their male partners were studied. The control group consisted of 55 parous women without obstetric complications. Peripheral blood cell DNA was examined for the presence of the FVL alleles by polymerase chain reaction with Mnl I restriction fragment length polymorphisms. None of the 52 women with RSA and the 41 partners carried the mutation. We also found no subject carrying the FVL alleles in the control group. These results suggest that the FVL alleles are not concentrated in women with RSA at least to clinically significant levels and that there is no apparent association between the FVL mutation and RSA in our Japanese population.
Layer and director structure in surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells with non-planar boundary conditions (1989)

Abstract High resolution X-ray scattering studies of thin smectic C* (SC) samples prepared between solid plates coated with obliquely evaporated silicon monoxide to favor surface director orientation tilted out of the surface plane, reveal a local layer structure which is dependent on the evaporation directions on the plates. Samples with the evaporation directions antiparallel exhibit uniformly tilted layers. Those with parallel evaporation directions exhibit a zig-zag defect free chevron structure of tilted layers.
Severe Arterial Hypertension from Cullin 3 Mutations Is Caused by Both Renal and Vascular Effects (2019)

Mutations in <i>Cul3</i> cause severe hypertension by affecting both renal and vascular function, the latter being associated with activation of RhoA.
First principle calculation on electronic and magnetic properties of new half-metal TiFe2O4 (2007)

The new half-metal TiFe2O4 is designed and optimized based on first-principle pseudo-potentials. The electronic and magnetic properties including the spin-polarized energy band structures and state densities, the charges, and the molecular magnetic moments of TiFe2O4 are calculated and compared with those of Fe3O4. It is found that TiFe2O4 is a new ferromagnetic II-B half-metal, which is different from ferrimagnetic Fe3O4. The conductivity of TiFe2O4 is a little higher than that of TiFe2O4. The molecular magnetic moment of 6.68μB of TiFe2O4 is remarkably higher than 4.0μB of Fe3O4. Doping of Ti-atoms into Fe3O4 is helpful in improving the room temperature magnetoresistance. Localization of Fe 3d or Ti 3d electrons caused by hybridization of O 2p and Fe 3d or Ti 3d orbits is the mechanism by which TiFe2O4 has higher molecular magnetic moment and conductivity, and hence higher room magnetoresistance.
Current distribution image of the rat brain using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2003)

In this article, we report that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of rat brain tissue increased by applied external electrical currents. A subtraction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) map of ADCs with and without applied currents was obtained to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the electrical currents on ADC. The ADC in tissue was directly estimated by the mean diffusivity (MD), or the sum of the diagonal elements of the diffusion tensor Trace(D)/2. Anisotropic diffusion was estimated by fractional anisotropy FA(D). The experimental results show that the MD with applied currents of 4, 6, 8, and 10 mA increased by 6%, 8%, 16%, and 40%, respectively. The mechanism is partially explained by the movement of ions through extracellular space in tissue.
54.5 Tb/s WDM Transmission over Field Deployed Fiber Enabled by Neural Network-Based Digital Pre-Distortion (2021)

We demonstrate a record 54.5 Tb/s WDM transmission at 11.35 bit/s/Hz over 48 km of field-deployed SMF connecting business and academic parks enabled by a novel joint I-Q Neural Network-based transmitter digital pre-distortion technique.
iPS cell–derived model to study the interaction between tissue macrophage and HIV-1 (2023)

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persists in cells, including macrophages, which is an obstacle to cure. However, the precise role of macrophages in HIV-1 infection remains unclear because they reside in tissues that are not easily accessible. Monocyte-derived macrophages are widely used as a model in which peripheral blood monocytes are cultured and differentiated into macrophages. However, another model is needed because recent studies revealed that most macrophages in adult tissues originate from the yolk sac and fetal liver precursors rather than monocytes, and the embryonic macrophages possess a self-renewal (proliferating) capacity that monocyte-derived macrophages lack. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells are a useful self-renewing macrophage model. They proliferate in a cytokine-dependent manner, retain macrophage functions, support HIV-1 replication, and exhibit infected monocyte-derived macrophage-like phenotypes, such as enhanced tunneling nanotube formation and cell motility, as well as resistance to a viral cytopathic effect. However, several differences are also observed between monocyte-derived macrophages and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells, most of which can be explained by the proliferation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells. For instance, proviruses with large internal deletions, which increased over time in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, are enriched more rapidly in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells. Interestingly, inhibition of viral transcription by HIV-1-suppressing agents is more obvious in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells. Collectively, our present study proposes that the model of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells is suitable for mimicking the interplay between HIV-1 and self-renewing tissue macrophages, the newly recognized major population in most tissues that cannot be fully modeled by monocyte-derived macrophages alone.
Improved cytotoxicity of novel TRAIL variants produced as recombinant fusion proteins (2017)

The TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) cytokine triggers apoptosis specifically in cancer cells. Susceptibility of a given cell to TRAIL depends on the activity of regulatory proteins, one of the most important of which is BID. The aim of this study was to increase the cytotoxic potential of TRAIL against cancer cells. TRAIL was fused to the BH3 domain of BID. Hence, TRAIL acted not only as an anticancer agent, but also as a specific carrier for the BID fragment. Two fusion protein variants were obtained by genetic engineering, harboring two different linker sequences. The short linker allowed both parts of the fusion protein to fold into their native structures. The long linker influenced the structure of the fused proteins but nonetheless resulted in their highest cytotoxic activity. Optimal buffer formulation was determined for all the analyzed TRAIL variants. Fusing the BH3 domain of BID to TRAIL improved the cytotoxic potential of TRAIL. Further, these findings may be useful for the optimization of other anticancer drugs based on TRAIL, since the appropriate formulation would secure their native structures during prolonged storage.