gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmissive nonlocal multilayer thin film optical filter for image differentiation (2021)

Abstract It is well‐known that a Fourier optical system can be used to perform specific computing tasks, such as image differentiation, with a superior speed and power consumption in comparison with digital computers, despite bulky optical components that are often required. Recently, there has been a surge in the interest to design much more compact nanophotonic structures, such as dielectric and metallic thin films, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces with a tailored angle‐dependent (nonlocal) optical response, to directly perform image differentiation without additional lenses for Fourier transformation. Here, we present a straightforward platform, a multilayer dielectric thin film optical filter, fabricated using mature wafer‐scale thin film deposition technique, with an optimized nonlocal optical response, for isotropic image differentiation in transmission mode for arbitrary input polarization. The proposed thin film filter may be conveniently coated at various transparent surfaces and inserted in machine vision or microscopy systems for enhanced, real‐time image processing.
Purificationof recombinant protective fragment of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A by IEF (2002)

Recombinant protective fragment(r BoNTaHc468) of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A(BoNTa) was expressed at high level in insoluble form in E.coli.The recombinant proteins were purified with following two steps: Firstly, lystated E.coli cell pellets after ferment of E.coli strain containing recombinant expression plasmid pBV-BoNTaHc468, and made inclusion body. Secondly, resolved inclusion body with 8 mol/L deionized urea. Purified protein finally through Isoelectronic Fucos (IEF) preparation electrophoresis. As a result, pI of protein is about pH 8.0～8.5.Purificativity of proteins is up to over 90%. Purified protien is positive in ELISA. The successful purification and expression of protective fragment(rBoNTaHc468) of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A is a key to further study on gene engineering antitoxin and subunit vaccine.
Dynamic nuclear polarisation of 1H in Gd-doped In(OH)3 (2023)

Dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) of solids doped with high-spin metal ions, such as Gd<sup>3+</sup>, is a useful strategy to enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity for these samples. Spin diffusion can relay polarisation throughout a sample, which is most effective for dense <sup>1</sup>H networks, while the efficiency of DNP using Gd<sup>3+</sup> depends on the symmetry of the metal site. Here, we investigate cubic In(OH)<sub>3</sub> as a high-symmetry, proton-containing material for endogenous Gd DNP. A <sup>1</sup>H enhancement of up to 9 is demonstrated and harnessed to measure the <sup>17</sup>O spectrum at natural abundance. The enhancement is interpreted in terms of clustering of the Gd<sup>3+</sup> dopants and the local reduction in symmetry of the metal site induced by proton disorder, as demonstrated by quadrupolar <sup>115</sup>In NMR. This is the first example of <sup>1</sup>H DNP using Gd<sup>3+</sup> dopants in an inorganic solid.
The human mu opioid receptor: modulation of functional desensitization by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C (1995)

Opioids are some of the most efficacious analgesics used in humans. Prolonged administration of opioids, however, often causes the development of drug tolerance, thus limiting their effectiveness. To explore the molecular basis of those mechanisms that may contribute to opioid tolerance, we have isolated a cDNA for the human mu opioid receptor, the target of such opioid narcotics as morphine, codeine, methadone, and fentanyl. The receptor encoded by this cDNA is 400 amino acids long with 94% sequence similarity to the rat mu opioid receptor. Transient expression of this cDNA in COS-7 cells produced high-affinity binding sites to mu-selective agonists and antagonists. This receptor displays functional coupling to a recently cloned G-protein-activated K+ channel. When both proteins were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, functional desensitization developed upon repeated stimulation of the mu opioid receptor, as observed by a reduction in K+ current induced by the second mu receptor activation relative to that induced by the first. The extent of desensitization was potentiated by both the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. These results demonstrate that kinase modulation is a molecular mechanism by which the desensitization of mu receptor signaling may be regulated at the cellular level, suggesting that this cellular mechanism may contribute to opioid tolerance in humans.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cold-induced silencing by long antisense transcripts of an Arabidopsis Polycomb target. (2010)

Transcription in eukaryotic genomes generates an extensive array of non-protein-coding RNA, the functional significance of which is mostly unknown. We are investigating the link between non-coding RNA and chromatin regulation through analysis of FLC - a regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis and a target of several chromatin pathways. Here we use an unbiased strategy to characterize non-coding transcripts of FLC and show that sense/antisense transcript levels correlate in a range of mutants and treatments, but change independently in cold-treated plants. Prolonged cold epigenetically silences FLC in a Polycomb-mediated process called vernalization. Our data indicate that upregulation of long non-coding antisense transcripts covering the entire FLC locus may be part of the cold-sensing mechanism. Induction of these antisense transcripts occurs earlier than, and is independent of, other vernalization markers and coincides with a reduction in sense transcription. We show that addition of the FLC antisense promoter sequences to a reporter gene is sufficient to confer cold-induced silencing of the reporter. Our data indicate that cold-induced FLC antisense transcripts have an early role in the epigenetic silencing of FLC, acting to silence FLC transcription transiently. Recruitment of the Polycomb machinery then confers the epigenetic memory. Antisense transcription events originating from 3' ends of genes might be a general mechanism to regulate the corresponding sense transcription in a condition/stage-dependent manner. PMID: 20010688 Funding information This work was supported by: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/D010799/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BBS/E/J/000CA305
Synthesis of 6‐amino‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives (1992)

Abstract This paper reports the synthesis of new pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives as diuretic agents. Starting with 1,2‐dihydro‐5‐nitro‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyridinecarboxylic acid 1 , ethyl 2‐ethoxy‐5‐nitro‐3‐pyridincarboxylate 4 was obtained. Compound 4 reacts with ammonia, methylamine or S ‐methylpseudothiourea to give the respective 2‐amino‐5‐nitro‐3‐pyridinecarboxamide derivatives 5 and 6 or 2‐methylthio‐6‐nitro‐3 H ‐pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐4‐one 8. Treating carboxamide 5 with arylaldehydes and zinc dichloride, new 2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐6‐nitro‐3 H ‐pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐4‐ones 9 were synthetised. These compounds reduced with iron(II) hydroxide gave 6‐amino‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐3 H ‐pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐4‐ones 10 as expected.
RETINAL SENSITIVITY AND VESSEL DENSITY AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY WITH THE SUPERIOR INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE (2020)

Lower recovery of RS in the superior sector suggests that internal limiting membrane peeling might affect the postoperative visual function.
Coating Performance on Oil-heat Treated Wood for Flooring (2013)

Thermal modification of wood in a hot-oil bath is a green process, which improves wood properties using natural products. The process imparts a uniform brown color to the wood and increases its dimensional stability. The improved properties create value-added opportunities for some wood species to be used for high performance applications such as flooring products. This study focused on the optimization of the oil-heat-treatment process to find different approaches for saving energy and also evaluating the performance of water-based coatings on oil-heat treated wood. Effects of process variables on development of wood drying defects such as, checking, cupping, crooking, bowing, twisting, and grain raise were evaluated. This included investigation of effects of Initial wood moisture content and delayed cooling of treated wood in an oven or under a thermal blanket. Our results showed that wood can be treated at an initial moisture content around 8 to 10 percent and cooled in a blanket instead of in an oven without increasing wood defects. Testing the performance of four commercially formulated water-based coatings on heat-treated wood showed that the coatings had an overall better color retention, abrasion, and scratch resistance on the heat-treated wood than on the untreated wood. However, the adhesion of all of the coatings was lower on the heat-treated wood when compared with untreated wood samples.
Soluble mediators from human neural stem cells play a critical role in suppression of T‐cell activation and proliferation (2009)

Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) can control inflammation in the central nervous system, although the underlying mechanisms are not understood fully. We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of hNSCs on human T cells and the underlying mechanisms. Culture supernatant from an immortalized hNSC cell line, HB1.F3, which has a therapeutic effect on acute stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, suppressed the proliferation of allogeneically or mitogenically stimulated human peripheral T cells, including the CD3(+)CD103(+) subpopulation. CFSE labeling and flow cytometry showed that the suppression of proliferation was caused by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. The lack of significant change in caspase-8 levels and the significant reduction in Bcl-2 expression in the affected T cells suggest that the intrinsic pathway plays a major role in soluble-factor-mediated T-cell apoptosis. The addition of culture supernatant from hNSCs to activated T cells reduced the expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25 at 24 hr after activation, but at 48 hr only CD69 was down-regulated. A cytometry bead assay showed that the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 decreased significantly, whereas that of IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma increased. These results show that hNSCs can negatively affect human peripheral T cells by suppressing their activation and proliferation through soluble mediators, suggesting that hNSCs have a bystander immunomodulatory effect on T cells.
A simple multi-band linear inverted-F antenna (2014)

This paper presents a simple multi-band improvement technique for a linear inverted-F antenna designed for mobile devices using only one shorting strip to obtain good impedance matching at many different frequencies. Our results show that the proposed technique is very straightforward, and can be simply applied to multi-band design of inverted-F antennas, so that it is possible to both control easily the resonant frequencies, and increase arbitrarily the number of resonant mode.
A Silicon Germanium, High Efficiency Power Amplifier Chipset for GSM/DCS-PCS/WCDMA Handset Applications (2001)

A power amplifier chipset for GSM and WCDMA mobile handset PAs has been designed and fabricated in the IBM Silicon Germanium BiCMOS 5AM process. This 3-chip set offers competitive performance and reliability for integrated GSM/DCS-PCS/WCDMA applications. The constant envelope (GSM and DCS-PCS) power amplifier designs are optimized for efficiency under pulsed GMSK conditions, achieving 55% and 45% PAE at 900 and 1880 MHz, respectively, at 3.4 V. The linear (WCDMA) amplifier performance has been optimized for continuous HPSK operation with - 36dBc ACPR maximum with up to 27 dBm output power. This family of PAs relies on two biasing architectures to address pulsed and linear operation by effectively utilizing the broad library of devices available in the BiCMOS process. Power device design and thermal conductivity of the silicon substrate are such that reliable operating temperatures during multi-slot GSM and WCDMA operation are assured. ICs are assembled in low-cost, 50-ohm matched modules or 4mm leadless (QFN) packages.
ChePAN: Constrained Black-Box Uncertainty Modelling with Quantile Regression (2021)

Most predictive systems currently in use do not report any useful information for auditing their associated uncertainty and evaluating the corresponding risk. Taking it for granted that their replacement may not be advisable in the short term, in this paper we propose a novel approach to modelling confidence in such systems while preserving their predictions. The method is based on the Chebyshev Polynomial Approximation Network (the ChePAN), a new way of modelling aleatoric uncertainty in a regression scenario. In the case addressed here, uncertainty is modelled by building conditional quantiles on top of the original pointwise forecasting system considered as a black box, i.e. without making assumptions about its internal structure. Furthermore, the ChePAN allows users to consistently choose how to constrain any predicted quantile with respect to the original forecaster. Experiments show that the proposed method scales to large size data sets and transfers the advantages of quantile regression to estimating black-box uncertainty.
Axial and Equatorial Cyclohexylacyl and Tetrahydropyranyl-2-acyl Radicals. An Experimental and Theoretical Study (2004)

Axial and equatorial cyclohexylacyl and tetrahydropyranyl-2-acyl radicals gave distinct EPR spectra thanks to surprisingly large beta-hydrogen atom hyperfine splittings that enabled them to be characterized and monitored. DFT computations indicated that the axial species (X = CH(2)) had a higher barrier to rotation about the (O)C(alpha)-C(beta) bond. The computed difference Delta H degrees for the axial and equatorial radicals (R = H, X = CH(2)) was 0.8 kcal mol(-)(1).
Perfusion of the human finger during cold-induced vasodilatation (1999)

We have investigated the effect of severe local cooling on the vasomotor activity of the arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) and other finger vessels. The right third finger was subjected to local cooling (3 degrees C) for 30-45 min in 21 healthy, thermoneutral subjects. Blood velocity in the third finger arteries of both hands was simultaneously recorded using ultrasound Doppler, and skin temperature and laser-Doppler flux from the pulp of the cooled finger were also recorded. The results demonstrate that the initial cold-induced vasoconstriction during severe local cooling involves constriction of the AVAs as well as the two main arteries supplying this finger. During cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD), the maximum velocity values were not significantly different from those before cooling. Furthermore, the velocity fluctuations in the cooled finger were in most subjects found to be synchronous with the velocity fluctuations in the control finger. This indicates that the large blood flow to the finger and the high skin temperature during CIVD are caused by relaxation of the smooth muscle cells of the AVAs.
Validity, Reliability, and Differential Item Functioning of English and French Versions of the 10‐Item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale in Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Study (2023)

The CD-RISC-10 is a valid and reliable measure of resilience in SSc, with score comparability across English and French versions.
The importance of audio descriptors in automatic soccer highlights generation (2014)

Automatic generation of sports highlights from recorded audiovisual content has been object of great interest in recent years. The problem is indeed important in the production of second and third division leagues highlights videos where the quantity of raw material is significant and does not contain manual annotations. Many approaches are mostly based on the analysis of the video and disregard the important information provided by the audio track. In this paper, a new approach that combines audio and video descriptors for automatic soccer highlights generation is proposed. The approach is based on the segmentation of the video contents into shots that are further analyzed in order to determine its relevance and interest. These video-shots are scored taking into account the fusion between different audio and video features. The paper is mainly focused to emphasize the importance of audio detectors that play a key role in the analysis and scoring of the video-shots. Specifically, a new algorithm for referee's whistle detection is proposed. The algorithm has been proven to be very robust and efficiently discriminates professional whistles against other types of noises such as public cheering-up, music instruments, etc. Several results have been produced using real soccer video sequences that prove the validity of the proposed audio and video fusion scheme.
Different capacities for recombination in closely related human lymphoblastoid cell lines with different mutational responses to X-irradiation. (1994)

WIL2-NS and TK6 are two distinct human lymphoblast cell lines derived from a single male donor. WIL2-NS cells are significantly more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of X-irradiation but considerably more sensitive to induced mutation. In an effort to determine the mechanistic basis for these differences, we analyzed the physical structures of thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient mutants isolated after X-ray treatment of tk heterozygotes derived from TK6 and the more mutable WIL2-NS. Southern analysis showed that while 84% of TK6-derived mutants had arisen by loss of heterozygosity (LOH), all 106 mutants from WIL2-NS derivatives arose with LOH at tk and all but one showed LOH at other linked loci on chromosome 17. We adapted a fluorescence in situ hybridization technique to distinguish between LOH due to deletion, which results in retention of only one tk allele, and LOH due to a mechanism involving the homologous chromosome (e.g., recombination), which results in the retention of two alleles. Among the LOH mutants derived that were analyzed in this way, 9 of 26 from WIL2-NS and 11 of 17 from TK6 cell lines arose by deletion. The remaining mutants retained two copies of the tk gene and thus arose by a mechanism involving the homologous allele. Since many of these mutants arising by a homologous mechanism retained partial heterozygosity of chromosome 17, they must have arisen by recombination or gene conversion, and not chromosome loss and reduplication. Finally, the recombinational capacities of WIL2-NS and TK6 were compared in transfection assays with plasmid recombination substrates. Intermolecular recombination frequencies were greater in WIL2-NS than in TK6. These data are consistent with a model suggesting that a recombinational repair system is functioning at a higher level in WIL2-NS than in TK6; the greater mutability of the tk locus in WIL2-NS results from more frequent inter- and intramolecular recombination events.
Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Acylation of Acetanilides with Aldehydes through Direct CH Bond Activation (2011)

Easy access to o-acyl acetanilides: A new Pd-catalyzed ortho-acylation of acetanilides with both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes has been developed based on a CH activation process. In the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the ideal oxidant, this reaction provides an efficient access to ortho-acyl acetanilides in good yields (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
painDETECT: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back pain (2006)

Simple, patient-based, easy-to-use screening questionnaires can determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain components both in individual LBP patients and in heterogeneous cohorts of such patients. Since NeP correlates with more intense pain, more severe co-morbidity and poorer quality of life, accurate diagnosis is a milestone in choosing appropriate therapy.
Delineating forest canopy species in the northeastern united states using multi-temporal TM imagery (1998)

We generated a detailed forest type map of the dominant canopy species within northwestern Connecticut using multi-seasonal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data which were ground referenced with the Global Positioning System (GPS). The map was designed as a calibration layer for a spatially explicit forest dynamics model we have developed, called SORTIE, and will allow us to test the model's effectiveness in predicting landscape level patterns. The precisely located field data were used to derive the forest class signatures used in the classification. Combining the six reflective bands each from spring, summer, and fall Landsat TM images to create an 18-band composite allowed for genus level forest classification precision. We delineated a total of 33 forest classes: 20 dominant types with 13 additional sub-classes representing differing understory composition. Accuracy assessment using the Gopal-Woodcock fuzzy set process returned an overall forest class accuracy of 78.9 percent at the procedure's Acceptable level.
Tandem demodulation lock-in amplifier based on digital signal processor for dual-modulated spectroscopy (2009)

Dual-modulated spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods in the measurement of modulation spectroscopy. Here we develop a tandem lock-in amplifier (LIA) based on digital signal processor to implement a novel algorithm of tandem demodulation. The theoretical analysis of demodulation algorithm is presented, and the implementation of this tandem LIA is described in detail. Compared to the traditional demodulating way with two LIAs in cascade, this tandem LIA eliminates the extra quantization error of redundant analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions and removes the limitation to the time constant in the commercial LIA, hence lowers the requirement of frequency ratio in dual-modulated spectroscopy. The applications are given as examples in the photoreflectance (PR) measurements of GaAs (100) thin film and GaSb bulk material, respectively, at the different optical energy regions. The experimental results indicate that this tandem is well capable of PR spectra measurement with good PR lineshapes and reasonable signal noise ratio. A brief comparison of GaAs PR results between tandem LIA and two LIAs is made to prove the efficiency and advantages of the tandem LIA.
Toward a Code Search Engine Based on the State-of-Art and Practice (2006)

Software engineering and reuse-oriented tools have been studied along the last years, aiming to provide help in the software development. With the importance of reuse growing significantly, effective software reuse tools and environments started to be needed. This paper presents and discusses some works that comprise many issues related to source code search tools, covered by university and industry since 90's until today. In the end of the paper, a set of requirements is presented, integrating the features that can be found in most works of the area, serving as a basis for future work toward an effective source code search tool.