gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold nanoparticle coated silicon tips for Kelvin probe force microscopy in air (2013)

The tip apex dimensions and geometry of the conductive probe remain the major limitation to the resolution of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). One of the possible strategies to improve the spatial resolution of surface potential images consists in the development of thinner and more durable conductive tips. In an effort to improve the lateral resolution of topography and surface potential maps, we have evaluated high aspect ratio conductive tips created by depositing gold nanoparticles on standard silicon tips. Besides the already known general topographic resolution enhancement offered by these modified tips, an improvement of surface potential lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio is reported here for a variety of samples as compared to other regular conductive probes. We have also observed that the modified conductive tips have a significant auto-regeneration capability, which stems from a certain level of mobility of the nanoparticle coating. This property makes the modified tips highly resistant to degradation during scanning, thus increasing their durability. As demonstrated by the heterogeneous set of structures measured in the present study performed in air, the nanoparticle coated tips are suitable for KPFM analysis. In particular, surface potential difference determination on graphene deposited on silicon, gold sputtered on a salt surface, large and mildly rough areas of ZnO films and small DNA molecules on insulating mica have been achieved with enhanced resolution.
Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with 1,4-Benzenediamine Using a Diazonium Reaction (2007)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been functionalized with a phenyl amine group in a single-step diazonium reaction process. Raman and UV/vis spectroscopies verify that the SWCNTs have been functionalized, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of an −NH2 group attached to the SWCNTs that is available for further chemistry. This −NH2 group reacts with a cross-linking molecule, confirming that it does undergo additional chemical reactions. These results illustrate a direct pathway to functionalize SWCNTs for building nanostructures.
Speech Synthesis System Integrating Formant-Coded Words and Computer-Generated Stress Parameters (1974)

This paper describes an experiment in which an earlier system of speech synthesis based on concatenation of formant-coded words [Rabiner, Schafer, and Flanagan, “Speech Synthesis by Concatenation of For-mant Coded Words,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. (May 1971)] was integrated with an automatic system for generating prosodic information [Coker, Umeda, and Browman, “Automatic Synthesis for Ordinary English Text,” IEEE Trans. Audio Electrnacoust. (June 1973)]. An experimental investigation of the resulting system was made to determine the importance of various prosodic factors on the general quality of the synthetic speech. Of primary concern were procedures for altering the pitch and timing of the basic word data as well as the method of merging isolated words at the boundary between words. Listener preference tests were conducted with the aim of determining which. factors were important in improving the general quality of the synthetic speech. The results of these tests indicate that the rule-generated prosody was preferred to simple alternatives such as obtaining prosodic information directly from the isolated words that comprise the utterance. Several examples of utterances synthesized by the resulting system are given.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of New S-Glycoamino Acid Building Blocks (2000)

Efficient synthesis of unprotected S-glycoamino acid building blocks in the solid phase by coupling a sugar 1-thiolate with iodine activated fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids.
Novel Therapies for Schizophrenia: Understanding the Glutamatergic Synapse and Potential Targets for Altering N-methyl-D-aspartate Neurotransmission (2009)

For over fifteen years, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission has generated interest because of its putative role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus far, all antipsychotic medications have centered on manipulating the dopamine receptor to treat psychosis. These medications have limited efficacy, especially in treating the cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and serious side effects. The NMDAR now provides an entirely new array of targets around which to focus new drug development. This paper first examines components of the glutamatergic synapse and discusses the relationship between decreased NMDAR function and schizophrenia. Then, human trials that have been conducted with agents that enhance NMDAR function, whether by molecules that activate the glycine co-agonist site (GCS), or by positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that act on non-NMDAR are reviewed. In examining patents granted in the United States for treatment of schizophrenia based on normalizing glutamatergic neurotransmission, it seems academic researchers have focused primarily on GCS agents, and pharmaceutical industries have concentrated on synthesizing PAMs. The 21(st) century holds promise as the era in which an entirely new type of medication for schizophrenia may be created, one with more success at treating the debilitating negative and cognitive symptoms of this disease.
The pragmatics of intonational meaning (2002)

Starting from Carlos Gussenhoven's proposal Gussenhoven02 that intonational meaning be understood in terms of three biological codes, this paper suggests an augmentation of that proposal to connect human experience of these biological phenomena to the process of spoken communication.Under this scenario, the codes give rise to a set of Conversational Implicatures, similar to those defined by H. Paul Grice Grice75 in his description of Cooperative Conversation.Certain additions to Grice's Maxims of Cooperative Conversation are suggested, to capture the communicative effect of features of Gussenhoven's Frequency, Effort, and Production Codes.
Patterning and control of the nanostructure in plasma thin films with acoustic waves: mechanicalvs.electrical polarization effects (2020)

Nanostructuration and 2D patterning of thin films are common strategies to fabricate biomimetic surfaces and components for microfluidic, microelectronic or photonic applications. This work presents the fundamentals of a surface nanotechnology procedure for laterally tailoring the nanostructure and crystalline structure of thin films that are plasma deposited onto acoustically excited piezoelectric substrates. Using magnetron sputtering as plasma technique and TiO<sub>2</sub> as case example, it is demonstrated that the deposited films depict a sub-millimetre 2D pattern that, characterized by large lateral differences in nanostructure, density (up to 50%), thickness, and physical properties between porous and dense zones, reproduces the wave features distribution of the generated acoustic waves (AW). Simulation modelling of the AW propagation and deposition experiments carried out without plasma and under alternative experimental conditions reveal that patterning is not driven by the collision of ad-species with mechanically excited lattice atoms of the substrate, but emerges from their interaction with plasma sheath ions locally accelerated by the AW-induced electrical polarization field developed at the substrate surface and growing film. The possibilities of the AW activation as a general approach for the tailored control of nanostructure, pattern size, and properties of thin films are demonstrated through the systematic variation of deposition conditions and the adjustment of AW operating parameters.
Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor as an anticarcinogen. (1983)

Vegetarian populations show a decreased occurrence of breast, colon, and prostatic cancers. Epidemiological studies have identified seeds (maize, corn, and beans) as protective agents in these cancers. We have selected to study one abundant component of all seeds, protease inhibitors. Synthetic and natural protease inhibitors have been shown to inhibit tumor promotion in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we report that a typical, natural protease inhibitor, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor isolated from soybeans, survives inactivation by stomach digestion in rodents and appears to be fully active as a protease inhibitor in the small intestine, where it complexes with the proteases occurring there, i.e., trypsin and chymotrypsin. A large part of the inhibitor is excreted as protease:protease inhibitor complexed in the feces. We also report the specific inhibition of transformation caused by ionizing radiation by this protease inhibitor. The mechanism of anticarcinogenesis of ingested protease inhibitors may involve the indirect effect of partially blocking protein absorption. High-protein and high-fat diets are known to increase cancer occurrence. Protease inhibitors reaching specific sites also have anticarcinogenic activities, as demonstrated by the radioprotective effect of a protease inhibitor in vitro. The relative importance of the indirect and direct action of protease inhibitors remains to be established.
MicroRNA-143 as a Tumor Suppressor for Bladder Cancer (2009)

miRNAs are differentially expressed in bladder cancer tissues. miRNA-143 may function as a tumor suppressor in bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
Identification of behavioral and metabolic factors predicting adiposity sensitivity to both high fat and high carbohydrate diets in rats (2011)

Individuals exhibit a great variation in their body weight (BW) gain response to a high fat diet. Identification of predictive factors would enable better directed intervention toward susceptible individuals to treat obesity, and uncover potential mechanisms for treatment targeting. We set out to identify predictive behavioral and metabolic factors in an outbred rat model. 12 rats were analyzed in metabolic cages for a period of 5 days during both high carbohydrate diet (HCD), and transition to a high fat diet (HFD). After a recovery period, rats were given a HFD for 6 days to identify those resistant or sensitive to it according to BW gain. Rats were dissected at the end of the study to analyze body composition. This showed that small differences in final BW hid large variations in adiposity, allowing separation of rats into a second classification (final adiposity). Since these rats had been fed a HCD during most of their life, under which most of the adiposity presumably evolved, we considered this carbohydrate-sensitivity or -resistance. Meal size and meal number were found to be good predictors of sensitivity to a HFD, intensity of motor activity and ingestion speed good predictors of sensitivity to a HCD. Rats that were sensitive to the HCD could be resistant to the HFD and vice versa. This points to four types of individuals (carbohydrate/fat resistant/sensitive) though our sample size inhibited deeper investigation of this. This contributes to the idea that to be "obesity prone" does not necessarily need a HFD, it can also happen under a HCD, and be a hidden adiposity change with stable BW.
Bone Void Fillers (2010)

For this technology overview, the tools of evidence-based medicine were used to summarize information on the effectiveness and clinical outcomes related to the usage of bone void fillers— specifically, synthetic graft materials. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted to address five key questions, which the task force that prepared the report posed as follows. Question 1 addressed the use of synthetic bone void fillers alone. Question 2 was designed to determine whether synthetic bone void fillers could successfully serve as graft extenders and eliminate the need for iliac crest bone graft. Questions 3, 4, and 5 addressed the use of allografts as a comparison with synthetic fillers because clinical results with allografts are perceived as being much closer to autografts in these areas of the spine.
Progressive Memory Banks for Incremental Domain Adaptation (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of incremental domain adaptation (IDA) in natural language processing (NLP). We assume each domain comes one after another, and that we could only access data in the current domain. The goal of IDA is to build a unified model performing well on all the domains that we have encountered. We adopt the recurrent neural network (RNN) widely used in NLP, but augment it with a directly parameterized memory bank, which is retrieved by an attention mechanism at each step of RNN transition. The memory bank provides a natural way of IDA: when adapting our model to a new domain, we progressively add new slots to the memory bank, which increases the number of parameters, and thus the model capacity. We learn the new memory slots and fine-tune existing parameters by back-propagation. Experimental results show that our approach achieves significantly better performance than fine-tuning alone. Compared with expanding hidden states, our approach is more robust for old domains, shown by both empirical and theoretical results. Our model also outperforms previous work of IDA including elastic weight consolidation and progressive neural networks in the experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: BOREPIN AND ITS VALENCE ISOMERS (1983)

Abstract Ab initio‐Berechnungen für Borepin (I) und seine Isomeren (II) und (III) zeigen, daß (I) planar ist und die höhere Stabilität aufweist.
Case 4-1988 (1988)

Presentation of CaseA 39-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of peripheral cyanosis, hypotension, and acute renal failure.The patient had a 20-year history of Raynaud's phenomenon that occurred only on exposure to cold. She was well in other respects until four days earlier, when nausea developed, with vomiting of clear fluid. On the following day she began to have a mild nonproductive cough, sore throat, myalgia, chills, and sweats. In the early hours of the day of entry she awoke with painful cyanosis of the distal portions of both arms and legs, without exposure to cold. Cyanosis . . .
The crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyase from passion fruit, Passiflora edulis (2017)

EC 4.1.2.10 DATABASE: Structural data are available in PDB database under the accession numbers 5XZQ, 5XZT, and 5Y02.
Study of the flow surrounding a prismatic planing model (1982)

The flow surrounding a prismatic planing model is studied experimentally. Measurements of the wisker and the spray blister formed at the intersection of the chines and free surface are discussed. The theory of Epshtein is shown to be in good agreemen
A Proof-of-Concept Study: Simple and Effective Detection of P and T Waves in Arrhythmic ECG Signals (2016)

A robust and numerically-efficient method based on two moving average filters, followed by a dynamic event-related threshold, has been developed to detect P and T waves in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as a proof-of-concept. Detection of P and T waves is affected by the quality and abnormalities in ECG recordings; the proposed method can detect P and T waves simultaneously through a unique algorithm despite these challenges. The algorithm was tested on arrhythmic ECG signals extracted from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database with 21,702 beats. These signals typically suffer from: (1) non-stationary effects; (2) low signal-to-noise ratio; (3) premature atrial complexes; (4) premature ventricular complexes; (5) left bundle branch blocks; and (6) right bundle branch blocks. Interestingly, our algorithm obtained a sensitivity of 98.05% and a positive predictivity of 97.11% for P waves, and a sensitivity of 99.86% and a positive predictivity of 99.65% for T waves. These results, combined with the simplicity of the method, demonstrate that an efficient and simple algorithm can suit portable, wearable, and battery-operated ECG devices.
Machine learning for renewable energy materials (2019)

Achieving the 2016 Paris agreement goal of limiting global warming below 2 °C and securing a sustainable energy future require materials innovations in renewable energy technologies. Machine learning has demonstrated many successes to accelerate the discovery renewable energy materials.
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Agent with a Built-In Apoptosis Sensor for in Vivo Near-Infrared Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis Triggered by its Photosensitization in Situ (2006)

Imaging apoptotic cells or tissues after cancer therapy in situ would be a very useful tool for assessing proper treatment conditions and therapeutic outcome. By combining therapeutic and imaging functions, we have designed a multifunctional, membrane-permeable, and cancer-specific agent that triggers and images apoptosis in targeted cells. We chose photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an appropriate cancer treatment modality and caspase 3 as an apoptosis-specific imaging target. This targeted photodynamic therapy agent with a built-in apoptosis sensor (TaBIAS) induces photodamage only to target cells and simultaneously identifies those that are apoptotic by its near-infrared fluorescence. It contains a fluorescent photosensitizer used as an anticancer drug and a cancer-associated folate receptor homing molecule connected to a caspase 3 cleavable peptide linker that has a fluorescence quencher on the opposing site. We demonstrated that PDT-triggered cleavage of the peptide linker by caspase 3, one of the key executioner caspases, results in a detectable increase in fluorescence in folate receptor-overexpressing cancer cells and tumors. The presence of apoptosis was confirmed in vitro by flow cytometry and ex vivo by Apoptag assay, supporting the ability of TaBIAS to specifically induce and image apoptosis in situ.
High-power low-modulating-voltage 1.5 μm-band CWDM Uncooled EMLs for 800 Gb/s (53.125 Gbaud-PAM4) Transceivers (2021)

Uncooled 53 Gbaud-PAM4 operation of 1.5 μm-band CWDM EMLs were demonstrated. A hybrid waveguide structure was designed to enhance output power, bandwidth, and extinction ratio with a low modulating voltage.
Oral fenoterol versus sustained release theophylline in adult asthmatics. (1997)

Thus, 2.5 mg of fenoterol at 8-hour intervals did not prove to be an effective alternative to sustained release theophylline for management of patients with asthma. An appropriate dosing schedule for fenoterol needs to be redefined.
Using Atmosphere and Ocean Angular Momentum for Earth Orientation&#160; (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The accuracy and robustness to input data outages of near real-time estimates and short-term predictions of Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) may be enhanced by using atmosphere and ocean angular momentum data accounting for the global conservation of angular momentum in the Earth system. The US Navy Earth System Prediction Capability (ESPC) data that combines the motion and mass fields of the atmosphere angular momentum information from the NAVY Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM 1.2) with that of the ocean angular momentum information from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) provides a source that can be used to evaluate the nature of the possible contribution of these physical data to the operational determination of the EOPs.&amp;amp;#160; The rates of change of the EOPs derived from the most recent angular momentum data are evaluated in comparison with observed values of polar motion and UT1-UTC rates from the IERS RS/PC EOP data series, and the stability of statistical models accounting for systematic errors in scaling and bias in the ESPC data was investigated. &amp;amp;#160;Analyses of these data show good agreement and indicate the viability of the practical integration of the rate data alone as well as in combination with data from other techniques in the operational determination of EOPs. Two years of past ESPC data were analyzed to provide estimates of the possible precision of the resulting polar motion and UT1-UTC data.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from Elucidating the Function of Secreted Maspin: Inhibiting Cathepsin D–Mediated Matrix Degradation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Elucidating the Function of Secreted Maspin: Inhibiting Cathepsin D–Mediated Matrix Degradation
pp60c-src and related tyrosine kinases: a role in the assembly and reorganization of matrix adhesions (2001)

Activation of tyrosine kinases during integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion is involved both in the regulation of focal contact assembly and in the initiation of signaling processes at the cell-matrix adhesive interface. In order to determine the role of pp60(c-src) and related kinases in these processes, we have compared the dynamic reorganization of phosphotyrosine, vinculin, focal adhesion kinase and tensin in cells with altered expression of Src-family kinases. Both null cells for pp60(c-src) and triple knockout cells for pp60(c-src), pp59(fyn), and pp62(c-yes) exhibited decreased phosphotyrosine levels in focal contacts when compared with wild-type cells. pp60(c-src)-null cells also exhibited faster assembly of cell-matrix adhesions and a more exuberant recruitment of FAK to these sites. Tensin, which normally segregates into fibrillar adhesions was localized in large focal contacts in the two mutant cell lines, suggesting involvement of pp60(c-src) in the segregation of focal contacts and fibrillar adhesions. Moreover, treatment of wild-type cells with tyrphostin AG1007, which inhibits both pp60(c-src) and FAK activity, induced accumulation of tensin in peripheral focal adhesions. These findings demonstrate that Src family kinases, and pp60(c-src) in particular, have a central role in regulating protein dynamics at cell-matrix interfaces, both during early stages of interaction and in mature focal contacts.
Efficient virtual memory for big memory servers (2013)

Our analysis shows that many "big-memory" server workloads, such as databases, in-memory caches, and graph analytics, pay a high cost for page-based virtual memory. They consume as much as 10% of execution cycles on TLB misses, even using large pages. On the other hand, we find that these workloads use read-write permission on most pages, are provisioned not to swap, and rarely benefit from the full flexibility of page-based virtual memory.
Population-specific quantitative trait loci mapping for functional stay-green trait in rice (Oryza sativaL.) (2011)

The functional stay-green trait gives leaves a longer duration of greenness and photosynthetic capacity during the grain-filling period. We developed two independent recombinant inbred line populations from the intra- and intersubspecific crosses of Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica 'Suweon490' (japonica) × O. sativa subsp. japonica 'SNU-SG1' (japonica) and O. sativa subsp. indica 'Andabyeo' (indica) × O. sativa subsp. japonica 'SNU-SG1' (japonica), respectively. The common parental line 'SNU-SG1' was the functional source for the stay-green trait. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping based on simple sequence repeat markers identified a total of six QTLs associated with two stay-green traits across two populations. The two traits were cumulative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of flag leaf (CSFL) and total cumulative SPAD value of the four upper leaves (TCS). Four QTLs, tcs4, csfl6, csfl9 (or tcs9), and csfl12, located on chromosomes 4, 6, 9, and 12, respectively, were detected simultaneously in both populations. The remaining two QTLs, csfl2 (or tcs2) and tcs5, on chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively, were found to be population specific. Moreover, the functional stay-green trait of 'SNU-SG1' positively correlated with grain yield performance. Two yield QTLs, yld6 and yld9, on chromosomes 6 and 9 found in both populations were positioned at the same locations with the csfl6 and tcs9 QTLs for stay-green traits. Thus, the identified chromosomal regions can be promising targets of marker-assisted introgression of the functional stay-green trait into breeding materials for improvement of rice yield.