gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Bias in Clinical Populations—Evaluating and Improving Facial Analysis Technology in Older Adults With Dementia (2019)

The need for the automated facial expression analysis arises in various clinical settings involving mental and physical health assessment of older adults. However, the effect of age (young versus old) and ability (healthy versus physical or cognitive impairment) on the performance of available methods has not yet been investigated. In this paper, we demonstrate a bias affecting the performance of common facial landmark detection and expression recognition algorithms on the faces of older adults with dementia. We also investigate the ways of mitigating this bias via the addition of representative training examples. Results show that landmark placement is less accurate when tested on the faces of individuals with dementia as compared to older adults who are cognitively healthy. Retraining or fine-tuning the methods with images of older adults’ faces improves the performance significantly, but the gap between older adults with versus without dementia persists. As the interest in using facial analysis methods in clinical applications grows, results of this study: 1) highlight the limitations of the existing models when applied to clinical populations and 2) shed light on methods of addressing these limitations as well as the need to develop algorithms designed to be fair with respect to variables such as age and ability.
COMPARATIVE KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE RANGE OF MOVEMENT OF A NORMAL HUMAN KNEE JOINT, STANDARD ARTIFICIAL KNEE AND NOVEL ARTIFICIAL HIGH FLEXION KNEE (2010)

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) using standard artificial knee implant has a limitation in restriction in the range of motion and freedom of movements'. This study was worked out to compare the kinematics of a reconstructed 3D knee with standard and high flexion artificial knee designs. A CT bone model reconstructed with MIMICS for a 3D normal knee joint and the simulation was done for normal knee, standard version of artificial knee as well as the high flexion knee designs. The results of the analyses, provides us an insight that high flexion designs were most suited and gives increased range of motion and also provides an additional degree of freedom so that it almost mimics the normal knee movement. The high flexion design when tested under simulated environment provided a better functionality and increased movements. It was concluded that the normal knee has 6 degrees of freedom (DOF); the standard version has 1 rotation and 1 translation. The high flexion design provides 2 rotations and 1 translation.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide: A Reagent for Protection of the Nucleophilic Centers and the Simultaneous Activation of Alternative Locations to Electrophilic Attack. Part 13. A New Synthetic Method for the 2‐Substitution of Pyrrole. (1989)

Abstract Lithiation of the pyrrole (I) and subsequent treatment with CO 2 (III) give the 1‐pyrrolecarboxylate (IV) which undergoes further lithiation, followed by reaction with the electrophiles (V).
Improvement of MAW spiral measurements by filtering spherical modes in the far field (2017)

The measurement of a modulated arm width (MAW) spiral is discussed and challenges due to the radiation properties of the MAW spiral are highlighted. In particular, significant pattern ripple is observed, which does not match the simulated radiation patterns and causes unsatisfactory direction finding performance. The cause of the ripple is diagnosed through the use of spherical mode decomposition, and non-physical modes are filtered to reduce ripple and improve measurement quality. This filtering is performed on the far-field radiation patterns extracted from spherical near-field measurements, which allows for simpler processing.
General and Efficient α‐Oxygenation of Carbonyl Compounds by TEMPO Induced by Single‐Electron‐Transfer Oxidation of Their Enolates (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 24/2012) (2012)

The cover picture shows that treatment of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds with base, TEMPO, and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate leads to the formation of a-oxygenated carbonyl compounds in mostly good yields and excellent chemoselectivity. A comprehensive picture of these oxygenation reactions is presented by U. Jahn et al. on p. 4461ff. This occurs before the background of the beautiful Prague castle and town, which will host the 4th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress, August 26–30, 2012.
Figure S6 from The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of copy number changes in MDA PCa 150 PDXs&lt;/p&gt;
GRB observations with MAXI (2008)

MAXI has an ability to distribute gamma-ray burst (GRB) alert promptly. For the prompt emissions, bursts in the MAXI field of view (1.5deg × 160deg × 2ways) will be observed. Based on latest results of observations, we simulate various prompt emissions and X-ray afterglows of GRBs. From the results of simulations we estimate sensitivity to these bursts. The positions of the bursts (excluding bursts with the angular distance to the sun of <30 deg) will be scanned by MAXI within about 70 minutes of the prompt emissions. GRB prompt emissions or other transient events will be searched by MAXI Nova Search system, and these information will be distributed to the world. In this document, the summary of the number of observable bursts and X-ray afterglows are presented,
Size-Dependent Energy of Ni Nanoparticles on Graphene Films on Ni(111) and Adhesion Energetics by Adsorption Calorimetry (2022)

The use of carbon supports for late transition-metal nanoparticle catalysts has grown substantially in recent years due to efforts to develop electrocatalysts for clean energy applications and catalysts for new aqueous-phase biomass-related conversions and due to the evolution of new carbon materials with unique properties (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes, and so forth). However, much less is known about the bonding energetics of catalytic metal nanoparticles on carbon supports in comparison with oxide supports, which are more common for thermal catalysis. Here, we report the growth morphology and heats of adsorption of Ni vapor deposited onto graphene/Ni(111) at 300 K and 100 K using metal vapor single-crystal adsorption calorimetry and He+ low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). These results provide the Ni chemical potential versus particle size, and the Ni/graphene adhesion energy. LEIS intensities suggest that Ni grows as flat-topped face-centered cubic islands with a nearly constant thickness of ∼1.5 nm when deposited at 300 K. At 100 K, Ni grows as smaller nanoparticles, well modeled as hemispherical hexagonal close-packed nanoparticles with a density of ∼2 × 1016 particles/m2. The Ni chemical potential as a function of average particle diameter in the 0.5 to 4 nm range at 100 K was determined from the heats of Ni gas adsorption. By fitting the measured chemical potential as a function of diameter, we determined an adhesion energy of 3.6 J/m2 for large Ni particles on graphene/Ni(111). This adhesion energy is in good agreement with previous scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory investigations of Ni/graphene/Ni(111).
In vitro differentiation of human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells into putative endothelial-like cells (2012)

Our data is the first to demonstrate that human dermal skin stromal cells can be differentiated into endothelial lineage. Hence, SSCs represents a novel source of stem/stromal cells for tissue regeneration and the vascularization of engineered tissues. Moreover, the CD146 investigations suggested that the microenvironmental niche might contribute to direct stromal cells multipotency toward certain lineages, which warrants further investigation.
Running exercise of different duration and intensity: effect on endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects (2005)

Intensive and moderate exercising for 30 min, but not for 10 min, increased circulating levels of EPC, which may represent an important beneficial outcome of physical exercise. The data support the notion that increased numbers of EPC correlate with cardiovascular health and suggest EPC quantification as a novel surrogate parameter of the vascular effects of exercising.
A Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Recently Developed G Protein-Biased Kappa Agonists (2019)

Between 2000 and 2005 several studies revealed that morphine is more potent and exhibits fewer side effects in beta-arrestin 2 knockout mice. These findings spurred efforts to develop opioids that signal primarily via G protein activation and do not, or only very weakly, recruit beta-arrestin. Development of such molecules targeting the mu opioid receptor initially outpaced those targeting the kappa, delta and nociceptin opioid receptors, with the G protein-biased mu opioid agonist oliceridine/TRV130 having completed phase III clinical trials with improved therapeutic window to treat moderate-to-severe acute pain. Recently however, there has been a sharp increase in the development of novel G protein-biased kappa agonists. It is hypothesized that G protein-biased kappa agonists can reduce pain and itch, but exhibit fewer side effects, such as anhedonia and psychosis, that have thus far limited the clinical development of unbiased kappa opioid agonists. Here we summarize recently discovered G protein-biased kappa agonists, comparing structures, degree of signal bias and preclinical effects. We specifically reviewed nalfurafine, 22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A (RB-64), mesyl-salvinorin B, 2-(4-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-((4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine (triazole 1.1), 3-(2-((cyclopropylmethyl)(phenethyl)amino)ethyl)phenol (HS666), <i>N-n</i>-butyl-<i>N</i>-phenylethyl-<i>N</i>-3-hydroxyphenylethyl-amine (compound 5/BPHA), 6-guanidinonaltrindole (6'GNTI), and collybolide. These agonists encompass a variety of chemical scaffolds and range in both their potency and efficacy in terms of G protein signaling and beta-arrestin recruitment. Thus unsurprisingly, the behavioral responses reported for these agonists are not uniform. Yet, it is our conclusion that the kappa opioid field will benefit tremendously from future studies that compare several biased agonists and correlate the degree of signaling bias to a particular pharmacological response.
Learning Longer Memory in Recurrent Neural Networks (2014)

Recurrent neural network is a powerful model that learns temporal patterns in sequential data. For a long time, it was believed that recurrent networks are difficult to train using simple optimizers, such as stochastic gradient descent, due to the so-called vanishing gradient problem. In this paper, we show that learning longer term patterns in real data, such as in natural language, is perfectly possible using gradient descent. This is achieved by using a slight structural modification of the simple recurrent neural network architecture. We encourage some of the hidden units to change their state slowly by making part of the recurrent weight matrix close to identity, thus forming kind of a longer term memory. We evaluate our model in language modeling experiments, where we obtain similar performance to the much more complex Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks (Hochreiter & Schmidhuber, 1997).
Catalytic Soman Scavenging by the Y337A/F338A Acetylcholinesterase Mutant Assisted with Novel Site-Directed Aldoximes (2015)

Exposure to the nerve agent soman is difficult to treat due to the rapid dealkylation of the soman-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) conjugate known as aging. Oxime antidotes commonly used to reactivate organophosphate inhibited AChE are ineffective against soman, while the efficacy of the recommended nerve agent bioscavenger butyrylcholinesterase is limited by strictly stoichiometric scavenging. To overcome this limitation, we tested ex vivo, in human blood, and in vivo, in soman exposed mice, the capacity of aging-resistant human AChE mutant Y337A/F338A in combination with oxime HI-6 to act as a catalytic bioscavenger of soman. HI-6 was previously shown in vitro to efficiently reactivate this mutant upon soman, as well as VX, cyclosarin, sarin, and paraoxon, inhibition. We here demonstrate that ex vivo, in whole human blood, 1 μM soman was detoxified within 30 min when supplemented with 0.5 μM Y337A/F338A AChE and 100 μM HI-6. This combination was further tested in vivo. Catalytic scavenging of soman in mice improved the therapeutic outcome and resulted in the delayed onset of toxicity symptoms. Furthermore, in a preliminary in vitro screen we identified an even more efficacious oxime than HI-6, in a series of 42 pyridinium aldoximes, and 5 imidazole 2-aldoxime N-propylpyridinium derivatives. One of the later imidazole aldoximes, RS-170B, was a 2-3-fold more effective reactivator of Y337A/F338A AChE than HI-6 due to the smaller imidazole ring, as indicated by computational molecular models, that affords a more productive angle of nucleophilic attack.
Comparison between febuxostat and allopurinol uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and hyperuricemia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (2021)

Febuxostat is potentially more effective than allopurinol for treating patients with chronic HF and hyperuricemia.This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/; ID: 000009817).
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Endothelial Cell Viability in Arterial Allograft (1998)

Arterial allografts have known advantages over prosthetic vascular conduit for treatment of heart valvular disease, congenital heart disease, and aortic disease. Cell viability may play a role in determining the long-term outcome of allografts. Endothelial cell is one important part in determining the allograft viability. To evaluate the viability of endothelial cells using current allograft preservation techniques, porcine heart valve leaflets and arterial wall were subjected to collagenase digestion. Single endothelial cell suspension was labeled withGriffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (GSA-FITC), a vascular endothelial cell specific marker. The cell suspension was washed and incubated with propidium iodide (PI), which does not bind with viable cells. Endothelial cell viability was evaluated by calculating the percentage of the GSA-FITC(+) and PI(−) groups using flowcytometric analysis. For sterilization, allografts were treated with 4°C antibiotic solution for 24 hours. After this, half of the allografts were stored in 4°C RPMI 1640 with HEPES buffer culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum for 1–14 days (Group I). The other half of the allografts was cryopreserved with a currently used technique (Group II). During the procurement and sterilization, 22.8% and 24.4% of endothelial cell viability declined, respectively. In Group I, 11.9% of endothelial cell viability steadily declined further during 14 days of storage. In Group II, 13.7% of endothelial cell viability declined. These results show that the largest loss of endothelial cell viability occurs during the initial process. After 14 days of storage under 4°C nutrient medium or cryopreservation, about 40% of endothelial cell viability is maintained. There were no differences among the endothelial cell viability from aortic valve leaflet, pulmonic valve leaflets, aortic wall, and pulmonic wall.
Configurations of Splitter/Combiner Microstrip Sections Loaded with Stepped Impedance Resonators (SIRs) for Sensing Applications (2016)

In this paper, several configurations of splitter/combiner microstrip sections loaded with stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) are analyzed. Such structures are useful as sensors and comparators, and the main aim of the paper is to show that the proposed configurations are useful for the optimization of sensitivity and discrimination. Specifically, for comparison purposes, i.e., to determine anomalies, abnormalities or defects of a sample under test (SUT) in comparison to a reference sample, it is shown that up to three samples can be simultaneously tested. Simple models of the proposed structures are presented, and these models are validated through electromagnetic simulation and experiment. Finally, the principle of operation is validated through a proof-of-concept demonstrator.
Oxford Hip Scores at 6 Months and 5 Years Are Associated With Total Hip Revision Within the Subsequent 2 Years (2013)

Our data suggest patients with an OHS of 42-48 at 6 months need a 5-year postoperative appointment. Those patients with a 5-year OHS of 42-48 need not be followed up for a further 5 years.
Mobile Agents (1998)

From the Publisher:
Like human agents, Internet agents can move independently in a network of locations to perform their tasks, all the while making independent decisions. Their behavior can provide astonishing solutions not even dreamed of today. Mobile Agents will help you understand their amazing potential for business applications and show you in detail how to create and use the power of agent technologies.
Dynamic Bayesian Multinets (2013)

In this work, dynamic Bayesian multinets are introduced where a Markov chain state at time t determines conditional independence patterns between random variables lying within a local time window surrounding t. It is shown how information-theoretic criterion functions can be used to induce sparse, discriminative, and class-conditional network structures that yield an optimal approximation to the class posterior probability, and therefore are useful for the classification task. Using a new structure learning heuristic, the resulting models are tested on a medium-vocabulary isolated-word speech recognition task. It is demonstrated that these discriminatively structured dynamic Bayesian multinets, when trained in a maximum likelihood setting using EM, can outperform both HMMs and other dynamic Bayesian networks with a similar number of parameters.
Effect of transient ischemia on free fatty acids and phospholipids in the gerbil brain (1980)

✓ The effect of transient bilateral carotid occlusion on levels of free fatty acids, phospholipids, and lipid peroxides in the brain was studied in gerbils. During occlusion, both saturated and polyunsaturated free fatty acids increased strikingly to approximately 11-fold in total by 30 minutes. During recirculation, however, a selectively rapid decrement occurred in arachidonic acid, while saturated fatty acids gradually decreased to their basal levels in 180 minutes. The peroxide level, estimated by a thiobarbituric acid test, did not change during occlusion, but was elevated on reperfusion. Phosphatidylethanolamine content decreased throughout the periods examined. These results do not support a hypothesis that lipid peroxidation is initiated during ischemia by the lack of oxygen at the terminus of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Instead, it is suggested that severe cerebral ischemia disintegrates membrane phospholipids, probably through activation of hydrolytic enzymes, and that overt peroxidative processes take place during reflow by means of restoration of oxygen supply. The peroxidative reactions may, indeed, cause additional damage during the postischemic phase.
Preparation of Braided Silk as a Tubular Tissue Engineering Scaffold (2011)

Silkworm silk has been recognized as a satisfactory biomaterial for long time due to its exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties etc. For example, silk fibers in the form of sutures have been used for centuries. The aim of this study is to discuss the potential usage of silk as the novel biomedical devices, such as blood vessels. In this study, cuit silks prepared from degummed raw silks were twisted as threads with four different yarn linear densities. A specific braiding machine was used to weave those threads into a tube. Subsequently two different groups of silk tubes were prepared. One was treated by ethanol and the other without. Thickness, porosity, mass per unit area of two groups of braided tubes were measured. Its mechanical properties were also studied. The influence of ethanol treatment and various yarn linear densities on its structural and mechanical properties was also studied. Results indicated that structural and mechanical properties of the tubes were significatly changed by the yarn linear densities and ethanol treatment. Conclusively, braided silk tube could be a potential blood vessel tissue engineering scaffold.
Implant Complications After Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for Early Onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Review (2016)

Level IV.
AG GI ING PE ER RFOR RMA ANCE E O OF NA AT TU URA AL E ES STER-B BAS SED DI IELECTRI IC FLUID DS FOR R T TR RA ANS SF FO ORM MER S SYST TE EM M (2011)

In recent years, natural ester-based dielectric fluids are receiving significant attention as a safer, less-flammable alternative fluid to mineral oil in transformers due to fire resistance at high temperature and improved environmental properties. The life of a transformer depends critically on the performance of the paper insulation system. It has been reported that natural ester-based dielectric fluids can extend the life of cellulose paper insulation upon aging, which can help to improve the power reliability and efficiency of a transformer. In this study, the gassing characteristics of natural ester-based dielectric fluids and thermal life characteristics of cellulose insulation with different types of natural ester-based dielectric fluids under accelerated thermal aging condition of insulation system are investigated. These results will help to correlate the relationship between the type of natural ester-based dielectric fluid and its aging effect on the paper insulation system.
Hyperbolic metamaterial filter for angle-independent TM transmission in the infrared regime (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In this project we propose and fabricate a hyperbolic metamaterials-based narrowband notch filter for the infrared regime with a center wavelength that remains fixed as the angle of incidence changes from 0 to 30 degrees for TM polarization. This novel device modifies a conventional Bragg reflector by including a middle resonance layer that opens up a narrow, highly transmissive band. To achieve angular independence, a subwavelength sized array of silver wires are inserted in a vertical orientation and permeate all 7 Si and SiO2 layers of the structure. In this work the theoretical underpinnings are explored using Maxwell-Garnett Theory, and simulated with 3D finite element full wave electromagnetic modeling software. Simulations demonstrate that the device is capable of up to 60% transmission at a fixed center wavelength for TM polarization in the infrared. The device is fabricated using typical microfabrication techniques. The silver nanowires are fabricated via DC electrodeposition. The angle and polarization dependent transmission, reflection and absorption of the device are experimentally measured, and scanning electron microscopy images of the structure are shown. Though the experimental validation of this device is performed for the infrared regime, scaling the structural sizes can extend the operating regime to higher and lower wavelengths. Whether used as a stand-alone filter, or integrated into a hyperspectral array, the angle-independent response of this filter has many uses in remote sensing applications.
"Can the Following Strategy Generate a Definitive Anti-Covid Vaccine?" (2022)

Citro Gennaro* Author Affiliations Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy Received: February 22, 2022 | Published: March 09, 2022 Corresponding author: Citro Gennaro, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.42.006753