gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Restoration 300 Years Old Leather Wall-Paper (2002)

In this paper we carried out tests on old leathers. These leathers were in fact old leather wallpaper dating to late 17. Century, from St. Peter and Paul's church in Sveti Petar u Sumi in Istria. Tests that were carried out were according to standard methods and parameters determined were moisture and fat content, pH and pH difference values. IR spectral analysis was done and microscopic snapshots of cryostatically prepared test samples were taken. At the same time tests were being done on a new piece of leather (chromium tanned calf/bovine leather). Based on the results of testing we made the conclusion on general state in which leather wallpaper was found (small moisture and fat content and stiffness). Based on the microscopic snapshots we made the conclusion on the kind of leather the wallpaper is made of. IR analysis showed us that the basic structure of the leather is after all these years for the most part still intact. Formal suggestion was made on the ways to preserve this leather wallpaper as a priceless cultural heritage.
Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 8 salivary shedding in HIV positive men who have sex with men with controlled and uncontrolled plasma HIV viremia: a 24-month longitudinal study (2018)

The relationship between uncontrolled plasma HIV viremia and CMV, EBV, and HHV-8 shedding is multifaceted, as demonstrated by the focused association with EBV DNA load and not with its frequency and by the persistent combined detection of two oncogenic viruses as EBV and HHV-8 regardless of HIV virological control.
Kinin B1 Receptor Expression on Multiple Sclerosis Mononuclear Cells (2005)

The correlation of kinin B1 receptor mRNA levels with dynamic clinical and magnetic resonance imaging measures suggests that expression of this receptor can serve as an index of disease activity in multiple sclerosis.
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) use and outcomes in stage II colon cancer (CC) with and without poor prognostic features. (2012)

3527 Background: AC is frequently considered inpatients (pts) with "high risk" stage II CC, defined by the presence of &gt;/=1 poor prognostic features, such as obstruction or perforation, T4 stage, &lt;12 lymph nodes retrieved, positive margins, and lymphovascular or perineural invasion. However, survival benefits associated with AC use in high risk pts remain largely unproven. Our aims were to 1) examine patterns of AC use in stage II CC and 2) explore the relationship between AC use and survival in high vs low risk pts. Methods: All pts diagnosed with stage II CC in British Columbia from 1999 to 2008 and evaluated at any 1 of 5 regional centers were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods were used to correlate a) high vs low risk status and b) receipt of AC with relapse-free (RFS), disease specific (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Results: We identified 1,697 stage II CC pts: 1,236 (73%) high risk and 461 (27%) low risk among whom 363 (29%) and 61 (13%) received AC, respectively. Individuals with high risk features who received AC were younger (median 62 vs 72 years, p&lt;0.001) and had better performance status (ECOG 0/1 47% vs 34%%, p=0.02). In the high risk group, AC was associated with improved 5-year OS, but not with RFS or DSS (Table). After adjusting for confounders, an OS advantage from AC persisted for high risk pts (HR 0.67, 95CI 0.52-0.86, p=0.002), but no significant RFS or DSS benefits were seen (HR 0.76, 95CI 0.58-0.99, p=0.05 and HR 0.75, 95CI 0.55-1.02, p=0.11, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that individuals with T4 lesions had improved RFS (HR 0.63, 95CI 0.42-0.95, p=0.03), DSS (HR 0.59, 95CI 0.37-0.93, p=0.02), and OS (HR 0.50, 95CI 0.33-0.77, p=0.002). Conclusions: In this population-based cohort of stage II CC, AC was associated with an OS advantage in high risk pts, likely due to pt selection. RFS and DSS benefits were mainly seen in T4 lesions, suggesting a limited role for AC in pts deemed high risk based on clinical and pathological factors. Risk stratification based on molecular testing should be further explored. [Table: see text]
Microbubble Ozone Sparging for Chlorinated Ethene Spill Remediation (2002)

The use of engineered microbubble systems with ozone has proved a powerful means of targeting and effectively decomposing chlorinated ethenes, like tetrachloroethene (PCE), in-situ to harmless byproducts of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) and carbon dioxide (CO2)(l,2). The reaction involves a low molar ratio of ozone to contaminant molecule to attached the central band of the ethene molecule, resulting in the decomposition of the chlorinated fragments, cleaving into a carbonyl compound and a hydroxy hydroperoxide, which rapidly lose HCl in the presence of water (3,4). The stoiehiometry of PCE, trichloroethene (TCE), 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE), and chloroethene (vinyl chloride) is presented. For field applications, a site example is given with mass oxidation demand and equations for chloroethene attenuation.
Midkine and pleiotrophin expression in normal and malignant breast tissue (1994)

Background. Some growth factors may promote tumor growth by affecting tumor angiogenesis. The angiogenic growth factor, pleiotrophin, was demonstrated previously in human breast carcinoma tissues; however, the pattern of pleiotrophin expression in normal breast tissues has not been established. Methods. The expression of pleiotrophin and the related growth factor, midkine, was examined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse transcriptase copies of RNA transcripts (RT-PCR) from freshly resected normal and malignant human breast tissues. Northern blot analysis of midkine expression was performed on a limited number of the specimens and on human and canine breast carcinoma cell lines. Clinicopathologic variables from the breast cancer patients were examined in relation to the growth factor expression patterns. Results. The majority of both malignant and normal breast tissues expressed pleiotrophin. In contrast, midkine was expressed frequently in the malignant breast tissues but in only one of the normal specimens. Northern blot analysis of the breast carcinoma cells lines showed that they commonly expressed midkine transcripts. The only correlation of the growth factor expression patterns with the other clinical variables was the finding that the three midkine-negative breast carcinoma specimens also had low estrogen receptor levels. Conclusions. By this analysis, the expression of pleiophin was equivalent in both malignant and normal human breast tissues. Midkine, on the other hand, exhibited increased expression in the breast carcinomas but showed much lower expression in the normal breast tissue. Although the cellular source of the midkine expression was not determined by the RT-PCR assay, the Northern blot analysis showed that isolated populations of breast cancer cells commonly express this growth factor. This is the first example of a tissue simultaneously expressing high amounts of both pleiotrophin and midkine, a finding of unclear pathophysiologic significance.
A new analytical tool to assess health risks associated with the virological quality of drinking water (EMIRA study) (2001)

This work assessed the risks associated with the virological quality of tapwater using a molecular analytical tool manageable in a field survey. It combined a daily epidemiological follow-up of digestive morbidity among a panel of volunteers and a microbiological surveillance of drinking water. RT-PCR was used for detection of enterovirus, rotavirus and astrovirus. 712 cases of acute digestive conditions occurred in the 544 volunteers. 38% (9/24) raw water and 23% (10/44) tap water samples were positive for at least one virus marker with 9/10 positive tap water samples complying with bacterial criteria. No statistically significant association was found between the presence of viral markers and observed incidence of digestive morbidity. However, when an outbreak occurred, enterovirus and rotavirus RNA was detected in the corresponding stored tap water samples. Sequencing of the amplified fragments showed that the rotavirus detected was of bovine origin. This work demonstrated that enteric virus markers were common in tapwater of the study communities (characterised by a vulnerable raw water) despite absence of bacterial indicators. Tangential ultrafiltration coupled to RT-PCR allowed a simultaneous and fast detection of the study viruses from environmental samples. This process is a promising tool usable for virological water surveillance, in as much the corresponding know-how is transferred to the field professionals.
Laser security through heat conduction (2007)

[1] deals not only with the special features of ultra short pulsed lasers but also disputes the physical basics of the security function of laser guard walls in use with high power lasers. By means of an example it is demonstrated that heat radiation is the dominating cooling effect of a laser guard wall.
Resource Management in Heterogenous Wireless Networks with Overlapping Coverage (2006)

Development in new radio technologies and increase in user demands are driving the deployment of a wide array of wireless networks, ranging from 802.11 networks in the local area, to third generation data-only wireless networks in the wide area. With their complementary characteristics, these heterogeneous Radio Access Technologies (RATs) are expected to be integrated together to provide mobile users "Always Best Connections". Base Stations (BS) using different RATs will coexist and have arbitrary overlapping coverage without interfering with each other and Mobile Stations (MS) equipped with multi-interfaces or "Software Defined Radio" technology can be associated with one or more BSs using different RATs. In this work, we study the Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) problem, i.e., how should the network manager of these integrated heterogeneous wireless networks jointly allocate resources from various networks such that the scarce radio resources are used efficiently. We focus on applications with bandwidth reservation requirement, such as voice or video calls. We extend earlier works to consider the different increase in load when a single MS request is assigned to different BSs, due to independent channel condition and adaptive modulation/coding efficiency among different MS-BS pairs. We formalize CRRM problem as an online load balancing problem for temporary tasks with unrelated processors and represent the input of problem using a weighted BS-MS graph, with a weighted BS-Region graph as its compact form. We study the computational complexity for the optimal solution.
3D RNA and functional interactions from evolutionary couplings (2015)

Non-coding RNAs are ubiquitous, but the discovery of new RNA gene sequences far outpaces research on their structure and functional interactions. We mine the evolutionary sequence record to derive precise information about function and structure of RNAs and RNA-protein complexes. As in protein structure prediction, we use maximum entropy global probability models of sequence co-variation to infer evolutionarily constrained nucleotide-nucleotide interactions within RNA molecules, and nucleotide-amino acid interactions in RNA-protein complexes. The predicted contacts allow all-atom blinded 3D structure prediction at good accuracy for several known RNA structures and RNA-protein complexes. For unknown structures, we predict contacts in 160 non-coding RNA families. Beyond 3D structure prediction, evolutionary couplings help identify important functional interactions, e.g., at switch points in riboswitches and at a complex nucleation site in HIV. Aided by accelerating sequence accumulation, evolutionary coupling analysis can accelerate the discovery of functional interactions and 3D structures involving RNA.
Formation of TiO2Nano Pattern on GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes for Light Extraction Efficiency (2010)

A TiO 2 nano-structure was formed on the indium-tin-oxide electrode of a GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) in order to enhance the light extraction efficiency. The UV bi-layer imprinting and lift-off processes were used to form the TiO 2 nano-structure without any plasma etching process, which can lead to degradation of the electrical properties of the device. As a result, the light output power of the LED on the patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) with the TiO 2 nano-structure was enhanced up to 12% compared to identical LED formed on the PSS without TiO 2 nano-structure. No electrical degradation was observed for the patterned LED device.
Variations in Binding of Mammalian Fibrinogens to Streptococci Groups A, B, C, E, G and to Staphylococcus Aureus (1985)

Twenty-eight beta-hemolytic streptococci of groups A, B, E, G and Streptococcus equisimilis as well as four Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for their ability to bind fibrinogen preparations from different animal species: homo, baboon, rabbit, rat, guinea-pig, dog, horse, pig, cow and sheep. The patterns of binding indicated differences in the structures of the bacterial fibrinogen receptors. There were higher binding levels in streptococci groups A, G, and S. equisimilis than in representative group B and E strains. Considerable differences in the binding capacity were found within streptococci groups A and E. Group C and group G strains showed rather similar patterns and could be further divided into high-level and low-level binding strains. There is no correlation between binding levels of different animal fibrinogen preparations and the strains isolated from corresponding animals. Recent studies by others have shown that resistance to phagocytosis is mediated by fibrinogen-binding in streptococci group A. The existence of similar fibrinogen-binding structures in several streptococcal species indicates an important role with a definite survival value. It also suggests that M or T protein analogues are present in streptococci groups C, G and E.
Protein Builds Second Skeleton (1996)

The villain in a rare inherited disease that relentlessly converts the body's soft connective tissues into bone lurks within the victims' own immune systems, researchers have found. In the disease, called fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, the slightest injury to ligaments, tendons, or muscles ultimately causes new bone to appear at the site of the injury. The reason: The white blood cells that invade the tissue in response to injury erroneously manufacture bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4), a powerful signaling protein that ordinarily helps build the skeleton of the developing embryo.
Efficacies of Clarithromycin Regimens against Mycobacterium xenopi in Mice (2001)

Mice were infected intravenously with 3.5 x 10(7) CFU of Mycobacterium xenopi and treated with various clarithromycin-containing regimens or left untreated for 4 weeks. All nine of the clarithromycin-containing regimens reduced the CFU counts to the levels below the pretreatment values, indicating that these regimens had a bactericidal effect on M. xenopi in mice. The rifampin-isoniazid-ethambutol regimen was significantly less bactericidal than clarithromycin alone or clarithromycin-containing combined regimens.
A new method for driving synchronous rectifiers (2003)

A new method for driving synchronous rectifiers in DC-DC switching converters is proposed. The driving for the synchronous rectifier transistor is derived from both, forward and reset transformer primary voltage. The phenomenon of a small relative change of the sum of the forward and reset transformer primary voltage in clamped forward topologies is explained and used effectively. The performance of the proposed solution was simulated on computer and experimentally verified on several converter prototypes.
Mutations in mouse Aspm (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) cause not only microcephaly but also major defects in the germline (2010)

Mutations in ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) cause primary microcephaly in humans, a disorder characterized by a major reduction in brain size in the apparent absence of nonneurological anomalies. The function of the Aspm protein in neural progenitor cell expansion, as well as its localization to the mitotic spindle and midbody, suggest that it regulates brain development by a cell division-related mechanism. Furthermore, evidence that positive selection affected ASPM during primate evolution has led to suggestions that such a function changed during primate evolution. Here, we report that in Aspm mutant mice, truncated Aspm proteins similar to those causing microcephaly in humans fail to localize to the midbody during M-phase and cause mild microcephaly. A human ASPM transgene rescues this phenotype but, interestingly, does not cause a gain of function. Strikingly, truncated Aspm proteins also cause a massive loss of germ cells, resulting in a severe reduction in testis and ovary size accompanied by reduced fertility. These germline effects, too, are fully rescued by the human ASPM transgene, indicating that ASPM is functionally similar in mice and humans. Our findings broaden the spectrum of phenotypic effects of ASPM mutations and raise the possibility that positive selection of ASPM during primate evolution reflects its function in the germline.
Cation−π Interaction Induced Folding of AAB-Type Collagen Heterotrimers (2016)

Collagen is the most predominant component of the extracellular matrix. Natural collagens consist of all identical (AAA, homotrimer), two different (AAB, heterotrimer), or three different (ABC, heterotrimer) peptide chains. Many natural collagens are either AAB- or ABC-type heterotrimers, making heterotrimeric helices better mimics for studying collagen structures in nature. We prepared collagen-mimetic peptides containing cationic (Arg) or aromatic (Phe, Tyr) residues to explore collagen heterotrimer folding via cation-π interactions. Circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements showed that the interchain cation-π interactions between cationic and aromatic peptides could induce AAB-type heterotrimer formation. By controlling the mixing molar ratios of cationic and aromatic peptides in solution, we could obtain the heterotrimers with various compositions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of cation-π interactions as a force to fold collagen heterotrimers.
Ultrasonic and atomic force studies of the martensitic transformation induced by temperature and uniaxial stress in NiAl alloys (1999)

The single-crystal elastic constants were measured in NiAl alloys with nickel compositions between 49.4 and 63 at. %. For Ni compositions in excess of 61 at. %, the crystals undergo a martensitic transformation. The transformation was studied as a function of temperature and uniaxial stress using ultrasonic, optical, and atomic force microscopy techniques. Uniaxial stress applied along the [001] direction on ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{63}{\mathrm{Al}}_{37}$ crystals induced a transformation and yielded a value of ${\mathrm{dM}}_{S}/d\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.53\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{M}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}.$ Atomic force microscopy measurements yield quantitative information of the surface relief associated with the transformation and provide clear evidence of a surface transformation occurring approximately 5 K prior to the bulk transformation as determined by ultrasonic measurements. The results are compared with earlier studies of the elastic constants and with neutron-diffraction studies of the temperature and stress dependence of the slow transverse-acoustic branch in NiAl.
Safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of JNJ-64530440, a novel capsid assembly modulator, as 4 week monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (2021)

JNJ-64530440 750 mg once-daily or twice-daily for 28 days was well tolerated and achieved potent antiviral activity in CHB patients.
Experimental Study of Intellectual and Creative Development of Preschool-age Children (1996)

The purpose of this paper is to present the initial results of a longitudinal research program intended to explore the characteristics of the development of giftedness in children 5-6 years old. This subject has not been studied to any great extent in Russian psychology. Unfortunately, the investigations of giftedness that were started in Russia in 1905-1912 (by G. Rossolimo and others) came to a complete halt in the 1930s.
2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in Scotland: geographically variable immunity in Spring 2010, following the winter outbreak (2010)

We determined the age- and location-specific seroprevalence of antibodies against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in Scotland following the first two waves of infection. Serum samples collected following the winter outbreak were analysed by microneutralisation assay. The proportion of positive sera varied significantly between cities and, in the case of Inverness, between age groups (with younger adults more likely to be positive than older individuals). This study demonstrates that older people are no longer more likely to have antibodies against the virus than younger adults.
Protection From Apoptosis by Steel Factor But Not Interleukin-3 Is Reversed Through Blockade of Calcium Influx (1998)

Steel factor (SLF), the ligand for the c-Kit receptor, protects hemopoietic progenitors and mast cells from apoptosis. We show here that protection of 32D-Kit cells or mast cells from apoptosis by SLF is abrogated through concurrent inhibition of Ca2+influx. In contrast, cell survival promoted by interleukin-3 is not affected by Ca2+ influx blockers. In the presence of blockers, increasing stimulation by SLF leads to greater levels of cell death in the population, indicating that it is the combination of activation by SLF with concurrent blockade of Ca2+ influx that results in apoptosis. The p815 mastocytoma, which expresses a mutated, constitutively active c-kit receptor, dies apoptotically in the presence of Ca2+ influx blockers alone. Ionomycin protects cells from SLF plus blocker-induced apoptosis, confirming specificity for Ca2+ ion blockade in cell death induction. Overexpression of bcl-2, which protects 32D-Kit cells from factor withdrawal, does not protect cells from apoptosis by SLF plus blocker. In contrast, caspase inhibitors YVAD-CHO, DEVD-FMK, and Boc-Asp-FMK protect cells from SLF plus blocker-induced death. These observations highlight the importance of SLF-stimulated Ca2+ influx in the protection of cells from apoptosis and demonstrate a new mechanism for inducing bcl-2 insensitive, caspase-dependent apoptosis through the combination of SLF stimulation with Ca2+ influx blockade.
An enhanced SPICE MOSFET model suitable for analog applications (1992)

A MOSFET model optimized for analog circuit simulation is presented and shown to agree with measured device characteristics, especially device output conductance and transconductance, over a wide range of operation. The widely used SPICE Level 3 (MOS3) model equations were utilized as a starting point in the model development process. The enhanced model (NMOD) exhibits smooth and continuous transitions in the weak to strong inversion region, and in the region between linear and saturation modes of device operation. These smooth transitions improve both the model's current and conductance prediction accuracy, as well as its convergence properties when used in circuit simulation. This is made possible because a single current equation is utilized for all regions of device operation. The NMOD model accurately characterizes devices over a wide range of geometries, achieving, for example, 1.3% and 4.2% average errors between measured and model I/sub DS/ and gds characteristics, respectively, for a 20/1.3- mu m p-channel device over a 5-V bias range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>