gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NR2B subunit-specific NMDA antagonist Ro25-6981 inhibits the expression of conditioned fear (2011)

N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA)-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission is strongly involved in the development of trauma-induced behavioral dysfunctions, and indirect evidence suggests that NR2B subunit-expressing NMDA receptors are primarily involved in this process. Earlier studies showed that NR2B blockers inhibit the acquisition of conditioned fear, a frequently used model of post-traumatic stress disorder, but their effects on the expression of conditioned fear was poorly studied. We investigated here the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake blocker, fluoxetine, the NMDA blocker, MK-801, and the NR2B subunit blocker, Ro25-6981 on the expression of conditioned fear. Rats received 10 foot shocks administered over 5 min and were tested 24 h later in the shocking context. Treatments were administered 1 h before testing. Shocks dramatically increased freezing and reduced exploration. MK-801 and Ro25-6981 significantly ameliorated both changes. The effects of fluoxetine were less pronounced. In the open field, MK-801 increased locomotion, ataxia, and stereotypy (effects typical of NMDA blockade). Neither fluoxetine nor Ro25-6981 affected locomotion in the open field. Thus, the NR2B-specific NMDA blockade preserved the beneficial effects of general NMDA antagonists on the expression of conditioned fear but did not produce the locomotor side-effects typical of the latter. These findings warrant further studies on the effects of NR2B antagonists in models of post-traumatic stress disorder.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan (2011)

Ozone (<TEX>$O_3$</TEX>) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of <TEX>$O_3$</TEX> on forest tree species in East Asia.
1479: TRANSFUSION PRODUCT RATIOS DURING LIFE-THREATENING HEMORRHAGE IN THE ABSENCE OF TRAUMA OR SURGERY (2019)

Matzek, Luke1; Kor, Daryl2; Frank, Ryan1; Weister, Timothy1; Madde, Nageswar1; Gajic, Ognjen3; Warner, Matthew1 Author Information
GluN1 splice variant control of GluN1/GluN2D NMDA receptors (2012)

NMDA receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate a slow, Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Recombinant GluN1-1a/GluN2D receptors are characterized by low channel open probability and prolonged deactivation time course following the removal of agonist. Here, we show that the deactivation time course, agonist potency, and single channel properties of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors are modulated by alternative RNA splicing of GluN1. Our results demonstrate that GluN1 exon 5, which encodes a 21-amino-acid insert in the amino-terminal domain, is a key determinant of GluN1/GluN2D receptor function. GluN1-1b/GluN2D receptors, which contain the residues encoded by exon 5, deactivate with a dual exponential time course described by a τFAST of 410 ms and a τSLOW of 1100 ms. This time course is 3-fold more rapid than that for exon 5-lacking GluN1-1a/GluN2D, which deactivates with a τFAST of 1100 ms and a τSLOW of 3400 ms. Exon 5-containing NMDA receptors also have a two-fold higher open probability (0.037) than exon 5-lacking receptors (0.017). Furthermore, inclusion of exon 5-encoded residues within the GluN1-1b subunit decreases the potency for the endogenous agonist l-glutamate. Evaluation of receptor kinetics for NMDA receptors containing mutated GluN1-1b subunits and wild-type GluN2D identified residue Lys211 in GluN1-1b as a key determinant of exon 5 control of the deactivation time course and glutamate potency. Evaluation of a kinetic model of GluN1/GluN2D gating suggests that residues encoded by exon 5 influence several rate-limiting steps. These data demonstrate that the GluN1 subunit is a key determinant of the kinetic and pharmacological properties of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors.
Evaluation of the BBZDR/Wor rat: a new animal model for type 2 diabetes (2008)

Diabetes is a large concern of the American medical community. A major hallmark of diabetic nephropathy is the decline in the rate of glomerular filtration, thus dramatically affecting the structure and functionality of the kidneys. We hypothesize that changes in biochemical/biomarker expression in the early stages of diabetes will precede morphologic changes, and offer the best approach to identify diabetic patients at risk for development of kidney complications. Our hypothesis was tested by inspection of trichrome‐stained kidney tissue slides for structural and diameter differences, and for severity of damage using the genetically engineered BBZDR/Wor rat, a new animal model that mimics Type 2 diabetes. The diameters of diabetic specimens were statistically larger when compared to age‐matched controls as early as 2 months of age. These results prompted the current study, which involves semi‐quantitative scoring of the severity of kidney damage. This was approached in two ways: visual inspection of the glomerular damage and visual inspection of overall damage. The analysis indicated that diseased specimens have sustained damage by scarring and retraction within the glomerulus, scarring of tubules, increased collagen levels, and an increase in interstitial space. A method to quantitatively analyze the severity of damage is in the early stages of development. The clinical relevance of this study is that the morphological changes may be a future predictor of the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Support for this research was supplied by the College of Health, Science and Environment and Faculty/Student Research Grant program of Slippery Rock University.
Aspirin Sensitizes Cancer Cells to TRAIL–Induced Apoptosis by Reducing Survivin Levels (2008)

Aspirin sensitizes transformed breast epithelial cells to TRAIL-based therapies in vitro and in vivo by a novel mechanism involving survivin depletion. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for the therapeutic utility of this combination.
Gasification of Switchgrass Using a Unique Downdraft Reactor (2008)

Downdraft gasifiers are known for generating producer gas with relatively high concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with low levels of tar and particulates. An exploratory downdraft gasifier was designed, fabricated and extensively tested. This design has an internal separate combustion section where turbulent, swirling high-temperature combustion flows are generated. High temperatures in the cyclonic section facilitate biomass pyrolysis. Combustion products from the cyclonic section pass through a char gasification chamber where additional tar cracking takes place. Gasification tests on 11.6% dry basis switchgrass show the oxidation zone temperatures in the range of 1003 to 11100C. Gas components of greatest interest (volume basis) were CO: 19.2 24.4%, H2: 9.8 12.0%, CO2: 7.9 13.7% and CH4: 2.5 4.5%. Dry product gas yield ranged from 1.7 to1.8 Nm3/kg dry biomass. Specific gasification rates varied from 507 to 736 m3/h of dry gas per square meter combustion zone area.
Distributed I/O Using an Object-Based Protocol (1981)

The design of a distributed I/O system is described. The system is distributed in being implemented by server processes, client processes and a message communication mechanism between them. Data transfer between processes is achieved using a ``connectionless'''' object-based protocol. The concept of \underline{file} is generalized to that of a \underline{view} of an object or activity managed by a server. This allows many objects, including application-defined objects, to be viewed or accessed within the program I/O paradigm. Files are instantiated as \underline{file instance} objects to allow access to the associated data. Conventional byte-stream program input/output facilities are supported by a subroutine library which makes the message-based implementation transparent to applications.
Real-time condition monitoring of thermal power plants feed-pumps by rolling bearings supports vibration (2012)

The report addresses the real-time condition monitoring of technical state and automatic diagnosis of auxiliary equipment for bearings supports vibration, for example, control of the feed-pump operating modes of thermal power stations. The causes that lead to premature birth and development of defects in rolling bearings are identified and the development of activities ensuring safe and continuous operation of the auxiliary equipment of thermal power stations is carried out. Collection and analysis of vibration parameters of pumping units during their operation at the operating modes of the technological process are realized by means of real-time technical condition monitoring. Spectral analysis of vibration parameters of one of the pumps showed the presence of frequency components, which mark violations in the operating practices of the pump, the imbalance development and, as a consequence, the development of defects in the bearings by long-term operation of the unit. Timely warning of the personnel on the operation of the unit with the "INTOLERABLE" technical state and automatic warning issuance of the need to change the technological process allowed to recover the estimated pump operation mode in due time and prevent further development of defects in equipment.
Quantum Dots: Synthesis of Colloidal Indium Antimonide Nanocrystals Using Stibine (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 10/2013) (2013)

Colloidal InSb nanocrystals are synthesized by injecting stibine (SbH3) gas into a hot solution of indium myristate and dodecylamine in octadecene as described by Peter Reiss and co-workers on pages 828. Well-crystallized particles in the quantum confinement regime with a mean diameter of 8.8 nm and size dispersion below 15% are obtained. A synthetic pathway for the preparation of larger particles (∼100 nm) is also presented.
Second Harmonic Generation in Scleral Collagen as a Non-Invasive Probe for Tissue Optical Properties (2015)

Second harmonic generation in scleral tissues is used to infer local tissue scattering and nonlinear susceptibility. Measurements from ex vivo porcine samples suggest that the femtosecond-laser threshold for subsurface photodisruption depends on both these properties.
Laser Charging Enabled DBS Placement for Downlink Communications (2021)

Drone-mounted base-station (DBS) can empower 5G and beyond networks with additional flexibility and maneuverability, and laser charging can potentially extend the DBSs flight time. We propose a laser charging enabled DBS framework in which a laser charging station on the ground constantly transmits energy to a quadrotor DBS, which provides communications for all users. The DBS is to be intelligently placed in the optimal location to provide service to the ground users in each time slot. We thus formulate the joinT powEr and bandwidth assignment, LasEr Charing enAbled DBS placemenT (TELECAST) problem to jointly maximize the flight time and communications data rate. Since the TELECAST problem is NP-hard, we decompose it into two sub-problems: the joint power and bandwidth allocation problem (JPB) and the DBS placement problem. A recursive algorithm is employed to solve the JPB problem and a counting placement algorithm is used to tackle the DBS placement problem. The performance of our algorithm is superior to fixed placement algorithms and greedy resource allocation algorithm and Lagrange resource allocation algorithm upon which the user data rate is improved by more than 6% and the total flight time is extended by 20%, as demonstrated in our simulation results.
End-to-End Performance Optimization in Hybrid Molecular and\n Electromagnetic Communications (2019)

Telemedicine refers to the use of information and communication technology to\nassist with medical information and services. In health care applications, high\nreliable communication links between the health care provider and the desired\ndestination in the human body play a central role in designing end-to-end (E2E)\ntelemedicine system. In the advanced health care applications, $\\text{e.g.}$\ndrug delivery, molecular communication becomes a major building block in\nbio-nano-medical applications. In this paper, an E2E communication link\nconsisting of the electromagnetic and the molecular link is investigated. This\nparadigm is crucial when the body is a part of the communication system. Based\non the quality of service (QoS) metrics, we present a closed-form expression\nfor the E2E BER of the combination of molecular and wireless electromagnetic\ncommunications. \\textcolor{black}{ Next, we formulate an optimization problem\nwith the aim of minimizing the E2E BER of the system to achieve the optimal\nsymbol duration for EC and DMC regarding the imposing delivery time from\ntelemedicine services.} The proposed problem is solved by an iterative\nalgorithm based on the bisection method. Also, we study the impact of the\nsystem parameters, including drift velocity, detection threshold at the\nreceiver in molecular communication, on the performance of the system.\nNumerical results show that the proposed method obtains the minimum E2E bit\nerror probability by selecting an appropriate symbol duration of\nelectromagnetic and molecular communications.\n
Restriction fragment length polymorphism of bovine lysozyme genes (1990)

Genetic polymorphism of bovine lysozyme (LYZ) genes was investigated by analysing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The analysis revealed three RFLP loci designated LYZ1, LYZ2 and LYZ2. Each system included two or three allelic variants. Evidence for close genetic linkage of the three loci was found. There was also a significant linkage disequilibrium among the three loci in a sample of about 200 breeding bulls from one breed. No statistically significant association was found between LYZ RFLPs and breeding values of bulls for disease or milk production traits.
Binding of Injected Laminin to Developing Kidney Glomerular Mesangial Matrices and Basement Membranes In Vivo (1998)

During glomerular development, subendothelial and -epithelial basement membrane layers fuse to produce the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) shared by endothelial cells and epithelial podocytes. As glomeruli mature, additional basement membrane derived from podocytes is spliced into the fused GBM and loose mesangial matrices condense. The mechanisms for GBM fusion, splicing, and mesangial matrix condensation are not known but might involve intermolecular bond formation between matrix molecules. To test for laminin binding sites, we intravenously injected mouse laminin containing alpha1-, beta1-, and gamma1-chains into 2-day-old rats. Kidneys were immunolabeled for fluorescence and electron microscopy with domain-specific rat anti-mouse laminin monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which recognized only mouse and not endogenous rat laminin. Intense labeling for injected laminin was found in mesangial matrices and weaker labeling was seen in GBMs of maturing glomeruli. These patterns persisted for at least 2 weeks after injection. In control newborns receiving sheep IgG, no binding of injected protein was observed and laminin did not bind adult rat glomeruli. To assess which molecular domains might mediate binding to immature glomeruli, three proteolytic laminin fragments were affinity-isolated by MAbs and injected into newborns. These failed to bind glomeruli, presumably owing to enzymatic digestion of binding domains. Alternatively, stable incorporation may require multivalent laminin binding. We conclude that laminin binding sites are transiently present in developing glomeruli and may be functionally important for GBM assembly and mesangial matrix condensation.
Cover Feature: Development of Novel Inhibitors for Histone Methyltransferase SET7/9 based on Cyproheptadine (ChemMedChem 15/2018) (2018)

The Cover Feature shows the inhibitor of histone methyltransferase SET7/9 based on a novel scaffold, cyproheptadine, which is used clinically as a serotonin receptor antagonist or histamine receptor antagonist. Among its derivatives, a compound bearing a 2-hydroxy group showed the most potent activity, while a 3-hydroxy group or other hydrophilic functional groups such as acetamide decreased the activity. Structural analysis clarified a rationale for the improved potency only by tightly restricted location and type of hydrophilic group. These results are helpful for further structure-based development of SET7/9 inhibitors. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Tomoya Hirano et al. on page 1530 in Issue 15, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800233).
[2+2] Cycloaddition Products of Tetradehydrodianthracene: Experimental and Theoretical Proof of Extraordinary Long CC Single Bonds (1997)

An extremely long CC single bond of 1.713 Å is found in the [2+2] cycloadduct of ortho-didehydrobenzene and tetradehydrodianthracene. The force constant of this central bond is reduced to only 30% of that of the CC bond in ethane. The corresponding CC stretching vibration (687 cm−1) in the Raman spectrum is red-shifted 300 cm−1 relative to the bands of “normal” hydrocarbons.
Extrapolation of neutron-rich isotope cross-sections from projectile fragmentation (2007)

Using the measured fragmentation cross sections produced from the 48Ca and 64Ni beams at 140 MeV per nucleon on 9Be and 181Ta targets, we find that the cross sections of unmeasured neutron rich nuclei can be extrapolated using a systematic trend involving the average binding energy. The extrapolated cross-sections will be very useful in planning experiments with neutron rich isotopes produced from projectile fragmentation. The proposed method is general and could be applied to other fragmentation systems including those used in other radioactive ion beam facilities.
Data Race Detection by Understanding Synchronization Relationships of Thread Segments (2017)

Detecting data races among the threads of a concurrent program is one of the most important debugging issues. However, the data races are never be easily detected due to the inherent concurrency and indeterministic execution of the participating threads. The widely employed dynamic data race detecting methods generally scrutinize one of sampled execution paths of the program, and may thus miss some data races. With improved coverage, static methods detect the data races by analyzing the source code. However, such static methods result in lots of false alarming, and are not of practical use. In this paper, we propose a method that detects the data races by understanding the synchronization relationships among the segments of participating threads. This method can improve the coverage by enumerating all the possible execution paths of the thread phases, and at the same time, reserve the existing merits of dynamic data race detecting methods. The experiment data shows that our prototype detector is comparable in accuracy with the commercial detector Intel Inspector, and other open source detector, such as ThreadSanitizer. At the same time, our detector has less memory consumption for memory intensive benchmarks in NPB suite, which other software tools fail to analyze.
Dual functionality of mixed Cu-based two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures derived from electronic waste (2021)

Cu-based heterojunction ultrathin layered films, fabricated from e-waste, showed a dual-functionality for energy storage and energy harvesting applications. LCA of this e-waste valorisation highlighted the importance of such value-added recycling.
A 6 kV/5 kA reverse conducting GCT (2002)

A reverse conducting gate commutated thyristor (RCGCT) rated at 6000 volts and 5000 amperes has been developed. Low loss, snubberless turn off, and high reliability have been achieved using the same advanced technology that produced the 6000 volt, 6000 ampere asymmetric GCT. That is, the GCT part is realized using MEPLT (multi energy proton lifetime control technology). Now a monolithic low loss free wheel diode is included on the same wafer. Integration of the free wheel diode with the GCT on the same wafer in the same package allows considerable reduction in size, weight, and assembly complexity. This new device will contribute to further miniaturization and improved performance and reliability of high power electronic systems.
Assessment of the reliability of a technique to measure postural sway in horses (2003)

The COP results within and across days were similar and provided small agreement boundary limits (eg, across days, in order of least relative reliability: area, +/- 62 mm2; mediolateral range, +/- 8 mm; radius, +/- 2 mm; craniocaudal range, +/- 4 mm; and velocity, +/- 3 mm/s). Head height possessed the greatest relative intraday reliability (12%) but a high agreement boundary limit (+/- 0.15 m). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE; The use of a force platform to analyze postural sway in a group of young healthy horses was found to produce reliable results and may provide a simple and sensitive measure for assessing balance deficiencies in horses. Agreement boundaries provide 95% confidence intervals for use as limits of error and variability in measurements that, if exceeded, may signify meaningful effects.
Anticipatory configuration of resource-aware applications (2005)

We propose an improved approach to dynamic configuration of resource-aware applications.The new anticipatory model of configuration maximizes utility based on three inputs: user preferences, application capability profiles, and resource availability.In this respect, the proposed model is similar to a model of configuration described in [2].However, the latter addresses the dynamic nature of the problem by reacting to changes (such as decrease in resource availability), and maximizes the utility in a point-wise manner.The newly proposed anticipatory approach explicitly models the duration of the task and leverages possible information about the future (such as stochastic resource availability over the expected duration of the task).We expect that the anticipatory model will improve user's utility, conserve scarce resources, and reduce the amount of disruption to the user resulting from changes when compared to the reactive model.However, the optimization problem underlying the anticipatory model is computationally more difficult than the problem underlying the reactive model.We would like to investigate if the anticipatory approach is feasible and efficient in practice while delivering the above-mentioned improvements.In this paper, we carefully state the model of anticipatory configuration, highlight the sources of complexity in the problem, propose an algorithm to the anticipatory configuration problem, and provide a roadmap for research.