gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Insights into Endoglin Ligand Recognition and Binding (2012)

Endoglin, a type I membrane glycoprotein expressed as a disulfide-linked homodimer on human vascular endothelial cells, is a component of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor complex and is implicated in a dominant vascular dysplasia known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia as well as in preeclampsia. It interacts with the type I TGF-β signaling receptor activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)1 and modulates cellular responses to Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-9 and BMP-10. Structurally, besides carrying a zona pellucida (ZP) domain, endoglin contains at its N-terminal extracellular region a domain of unknown function and without homology to any other known protein, therefore called the orphan domain (OD). In this study, we have determined the recognition and binding ability of full length ALK1, endoglin and constructs encompassing the OD to BMP-9 using combined methods, consisting of surface plasmon resonance and cellular assays. ALK1 and endoglin ectodomains bind, independently of their glycosylation state and without cooperativity, to different sites of BMP-9. The OD comprising residues 22 to 337 was identified among the present constructs as the minimal active endoglin domain needed for partner recognition. These studies also pinpointed to Cys350 as being responsible for the dimerization of endoglin. In contrast to the complete endoglin ectodomain, the OD is a monomer and its small angle X-ray scattering characterization revealed a compact conformation in solution into which a de novo model was fitted.
Quantitative Analysis for Solid Solution Content of the Microalloy Elements in Steel (2013)

For the steel making control with the microalloy elements, it is essential to accurately analyze the solid solution content or precipitation content of the microalloy element in steel. The electrolytic extraction - filtration method has been used to determine all precipitations in steel, and the content of solid solution is obtained by the subtraction of the precipitation content from total content. But it has become inadequate to analyze the fine precipitates because some of the fine precipitates are unavoidably uncollected. Hence, we have developed a quantitative analysis for solute elements in steel by using of analyzing a portion of the electrolytic solution. By electrolysis, solute elements are dissolved into the electrolyte, and the precipitates remains on the surface of the sample. So, the analysis of the electrolytic solution during or after electrolysis enables the determination of solid solution content directly. For certified reference materials, the sum of the total content of solid solution determined by this method and the precipitates determined by the conventional method substantially agrees with certified value. However, for the samples that contain fine precipitates, they are not in agreement with the total content obtained by the spark-OES. It is estimated that the precipitates not collected by filtration in the conventional method cause the disagreement. It shows the proposed method, which analyzes solute solution directly, is useful.
Miniaturization of an optoelectronic holographic otoscope for measurement of nanodisplacements in tympanic membranes (2009)

An optoelectronic holographic otoscope (OEHO) is currently in use in a major hospital. The OEHO allows for nanometer-displacement measurements of the deformation of mammalian tympanic membrane (TM) under acoustic stimulation. The optical head of the current system is sufficient for laboratory use, but requires improved optical performance and a miniaturized size to be suitable for the clinic. A new optical head configuration is designed, aided by ray tracing analysis and research of the biomechanical and optical properties of the TM. A prototype is built and the optical performance quantified via developed image processing algorithms. The device is validated through comparison of analytical, computational, and experimental results and through interferometric chinchilla TM measurements.
Recovery of Li(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)O2 from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation (2019)

Nickel⁻manganese⁻cobalt oxides, with LiNi<sub>0.33</sub>Mn<sub>0.33</sub>Co<sub>0.33</sub>O₂ (NMC) as the most prominent compound, are state-of-the-art cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The growing market for electro mobility has led to a growing global demand for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn, making spent lithium-ion batteries a valuable secondary resource. Going forward, energy- and resource-inefficient pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling strategies must be avoided. We presented an approach to recover NMC particles from spent lithium-ion battery cathodes while preserving their chemical and morphological properties, with a minimal use of chemicals. The key task was the separation of the cathode coating layer consisting of NMC, an organic binder, and carbon black, from the Al substrate foil. This can be performed in water under strong agitation to support the slow detachment process. However, the contact of the NMC cathode with water leads to a release of Li⁺ ions and a fast increase in the pH. Unwanted side reactions may occur as the Al substrate foil starts to dissolve and Al(OH)₃ precipitates on the NMC. These side reactions are avoided using pH-adjusted solutions with sufficiently high buffer capacities to separate the coating layer from the Al substrate, without precipitations and without degradation of the NMC particles.
Auditory Event-related Potentials to Paired Stimulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) Show Difference of Undulation: Relation to Dysfunction of Sensory Gating in an Animal Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2020)

不注意は注意欠如・多動症(ADHD)の主症状の一つであり，ADHD児はprepulse inhibition (PPI)の弱小化やP50抑制の弱小化を示し，このことより感覚運動ゲーティングおよび感覚ゲーティングの不全が示唆される。ADHDの動物モデルとして用いられる自然発症高血圧ラット(spontaneously hypertensive rat: SHR)が多動性を示すことと注意の不全に関連するPPI減弱を示すことが報告されてきた。我々はSHRの感覚ゲーティングを検討するため，大脳皮質における事象関連電位を記録した。その結果，対照系統に比べてSHRのP50抑制様反応は有意な減弱を示さなかった。一方で，SHRは対照系統に比べて1 ms毎の電圧変化の増減に有意な変化を示した。これはSHRのゲーティングの特性を示唆するかもしれない。感覚ゲーティングを振幅変化としてだけでなく時間的な波形変化として捉えることにも意義があると考えられる。
Characterization of tachykinin receptors in isolated basilar arteries of guinea‐pig (1987)

In circular lengths cut from the basilar artery of guinea-pig (0.2-0.3 mm o.d.) relaxations induced by substance P and neurokinin A were highly susceptible to mechanical damage of the endothelium by rubbing. The precontraction induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha but not that of 124 mM potassium was reduced considerably by the rubbing procedure. Concentration-dependent relaxations were evoked by tachykinin agonists in the following order of potency: substance P = physalaemin greater than neurokinin A greater than eledoisin. Physalaemin was, however, a partial agonist, giving only half the maximum relaxation as compared to the other tachykinins. The two putative tachykinin receptor antagonists, spantide ([D-Arg1, D-Trp7,9, D-Leu11] substance P) and [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9] substance P, shifted the concentration-dependent relaxations of substance P to the right in a parallel manner. Calculation of pA2 values and Schild plot analysis revealed pA2 values of 7.4-7.6 for spantide and 6.9-7.0 for [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9] substance P, irrespective of whether substance P or neurokinin A was used as agonist. The pA2 values and the Schild plot analysis suggest a specific interaction between tachykinin agonists and antagonists that follow a simple bimolecular process. The results suggest the presence of tachykinin receptors of the 'SP-P' type in guinea-pig basilar arteries which, for induction of relaxation, involves the release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor.
High-frequency gene targeting in Arabidopsis plants expressing the yeast RAD54 gene (2005)

Gene targeting, which is homologous recombination-mediated integration of an extra-chromosomal DNA segment into a chromosomal target sequence, enables the precise disruption or replacement of any gene. Despite its value as a molecular genetic tool, gene targeting remains an inefficient technology in most species. We report that expression of the yeast RAD54 gene, a member of the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling gene family, enhances gene targeting in Arabidopsis by one to two orders of magnitude, from 10(-4) to 10(-3) in WT plants to 10(-2) to 10(-1). We show that integration events, detected with an assay based on the use of a fluorescent seed marker, are precise and germinally transmitted. These findings suggest that chromatin remodeling is rate-limiting for gene targeting in plants and improves the prospects for using gene targeting for the precise modification of plant genomes.
Update on Clinical Evidence Supporting Hemodiafiltration (2016)

The aim of this chapter is to define hemodiafiltration target efficiency, to clarify the concept of “optimal convective dose,” and to facilitate hemodiafiltration (HDF) implementation in clinical practice by addressing the need for the establishment of best clinical practices for HDF. The approach taken was to conduct a comprehensive summary of clinical evidence supporting HDF. Convective dose is the total ultrafiltered volume and is complementary to diffusive dose (urea Kt/V) as a dose‐dependent parameter. It can be quantified and adjusted to patient characteristics. Factors affecting convective dose are discussed: patient characteristics, prescription‐dependent factors, and technical and machine‐dependent factors. The key issue of HDF prescription and implementation of best practices is addressed as are intermediary and endpoint clinical outcomes. The main messages are as follows: (1) HDF is safe and effective provided that best clinical practices are followed and the right convective dose is delivered; (2) HDF is easy to perform with new technology; and (3) depending on the convection volume, HDF reduces all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Open challenges remain, namely, the implementation of best practices to (a) achieve optimal convection volume, (b) define patient subsets that would benefit more from HDF, and (c) evaluate new tools that fine‐tune HDF prescription according to individual patient needs.
Tyrosinase-catalyzed site-specific immobilization of engineered C-phycocyanin to surface (2014)

Enzymatic crosslinking of proteins is often limited by the steric availability of the target residues, as of tyrosyl side chains in the case of tyrosinase. Carrying an N-terminal peptide-tag containing two tyrosine residues, the fluorescent protein C-phycocyanin HisCPC from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was crosslinked to fluorescent high-molecular weight forms with tyrosinase. Crosslinking with tyrosinase in the presence of L-tyrosine produced non fluorescent high-molecular weight products. Incubated in the presence of tyrosinase, HisCPC could also be immobilized to amino-modified polystyrene beads thus conferring a blue fluorescence. Crosslinking and immobilization were site-specific as both processes required the presence of the N-terminal peptide in HisCPC.
Beamforming network on the basis of unequal coupled waveguides (2009)

The theory and the results of the numerical simulation of a microwave beamforming network in the form of a system of unequal coupled waveguides are presented. The beamforming network is designed for a quasi-optical multibeam antenna. It is shown that the proposed N-channel network forms N flat-top patterns, which intersect each other at a level close to −3 dB. The input channels are matched and are isolated. The theory of coupled waves is used to optimize the device. The theory of the systems of coupled EBG waveguides is developed on the basis of the method of compensating sources. The design version of a beamforming network on the basis of coupled EBG waveguides is considered. The results of the numerical calculation of the characteristics of this beamforming network are presented.
The moving contact line with a 180° advancing contact angle (1984)

A liquid spreading over a dry solid surface with a contact angle of 180° has always been regarded as a special case. It is commonly thought that this represents a unique situation in which a singularity does not arise in an analysis of the dynamics of the liquid when the usual hydrodynamic assumptions are made, i.e., when the liquid is Newtonian and incompressible and obeys the no-slip boundary condition at the solid. In fact, there are strong indications that it is not a special case.
Performance investigation of barometer aided GPS/MEMS-IMU integration (2012)

The integration of inertial sensors is a widely-adopted method for covering GPS outages. However, the position accuracy in vertical direction is often challenged in comparison with the one in the horizontal plane. This paper explores the possibility of using MEMS barometer as an augmentation in the GPS/INS integration in land application. A prototype system, composed of a commercial GPS receiver with low-cost MEMS IMU and barometer on a DSP platform, is implemented and described. In addition, the initial investigation of the MEMS barometer is addressed. With the field experiment data collected from a car-driving test in a hilly region, the benefit of barometer aiding is demonstrated.
Corneal Stiffness Affects IOP Elevation during Rapid Volume Change in the Eye (2009)

This study showed that stiffened corneas induced substantially higher IOP elevations when all other geometrical and material properties of the eye remained essentially the same. The results suggested that corneal stiffness may play an important role in determining IOP elevation caused by an acute increase in the volume of intraocular fluid.
MOS IC crosspoint switch for space division digital switching networks (1974)

An MOS IC crosspoint switch for space division digital switching network is described. A sense amplifier for compensation of signal attenuation through the MOS IC switch is also considered. Transmission of a 50-100 Mbit/s bit rate digital signal seems a reasonable design objective on the basis of analysis of a preliminarily fabricated MOS IC switch and the design characteristics of a bipolar IC sense amplifier. The MOS switch and the SA are monolithic integrated. Dynamic test of the subsystem, in which MOS IC switches and bipolar IC SA's are connected in cascaded stages, has indicated that they are capable of 100 Mbit/s return to zero digital signal transmission and 46-dB signal-to-noise ratio.
Q89R Polymorphism in the LDL Receptor-Related Protein 5 Gene Is Associated With Spinal Osteoarthritis in Postmenopausal Japanese Women (2007)

We suggest that a genetic variation at the LRP5 gene locus is associated with spinal osteoarthritis, in line with the involvement of the LRP5 gene in the bone and cartilage metabolism.
Global expression profiling of Bacillus subtilis cells during industrial‐close fed‐batch fermentations with different nitrogen sources (2005)

A detailed gene expression analysis of industrial-close Bacillus subtilis fed-batch fermentation processes with casamino acids as the only nitrogen source and with a reduced casamino acid concentration but supplemented by ammonia was carried out. Although glutamine and arginine are supposed to be the preferred nitrogen sources of B. subtilis, we demonstrate that a combined feeding of ammonia and casamino acids supports cell growth under fed-batch fermentation conditions. The transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the additional feeding of ammonia in combination with a reduced amino acid concentration results in a significantly lower expression level of the glnAR or tnrA genes, coding for proteins, which are mainly involved in the nitrogen metabolism of B. subtilis. However, the mRNA levels of the genes of the ilvBHC-leuABD and hom-thrCB operons were significantly increased, indicating a valine, leucine, isoleucine, and threonine limitation under these fermentation conditions. In contrast, during the fermentation with casamino acids as the only nitrogen source, several genes, which play a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism of B. subtilis (e.g., glnAR, nasCDE, nrgAB, and ureABC), were up-regulated, indicating a nitrogen limitation under these conditions. Furthermore, increased expression of genes, which are involved in motility and chemotaxis (e.g., hag, fliT) and in acetoin metabolism (e.g., acoABCL), was determined during the fermentation with the mixed nitrogen source of casamino acids and ammonia, indicating a carbon limitation under these fermentation conditions. Under high cell density and slow growth rate conditions a weak up-regulation of autolysis genes could be observed as well as the induction of a number of genes involved in motility, chemotaxis and general stress response. Results of this study allowed the selection of marker genes, which could be used for the monitoring of B. subtilis fermentation processes. The data suggest for example acoA as a marker gene for glucose limitation or glnA as an indicator for nitrogen limitation.
Psychophysical and computational studies of random-dot Moire patterns (1986)

Random-dot Moire dot patterns epitomize the local/global gap, the problem of perceiving global structures when only physical local information is available to the perceptual system. At present, no single theory appears to be able to account for all the phenomena these physically simple patterns generate.
Towards a leaner geo-distributed cloud infrastructure (2014)

Modern cloud infrastructures are geo-distributed. Geodistribution offers many advantages but can increase the total cloud capacity required. To achieve low latency, geo-distribution forfeits statistical multiplexing of demand that a single data center could benefit from. Geo-distribution also complicates software design due to storage consistency issues. On the other hand, geodistribution can lower costs through eliminating redundancies at individual sites or exploiting regional differences in energy prices. We discuss several factors that influence geo-distributed capacity provisioning, and quantify latency, availability, and capacity trade-offs that emerge. We describe open research challenges in designing software that efficiently uses cloud capacity.
Molecular spectra and molecular structure of heterocyclic compounds. Infrared and near ultraviolet absorption spectra of pyridine N‐oxide derivatives (1969)

Abstract The infrared and ultraviolet spectra of many pyridine N ‐oxide derivatives have been studied. Ultraviolet spectra show a strong solvent effect in going from aprotic to hydroxylic solvents due to strong hydrogen bonding. Values of δ H° for several systems CH 3 OH/XPyNO in tetra‐chloroethylene solution were evaluated by infrared techniques and a linear correlation δ H° vs. δ v OH has been found. Features of the infrared and ultraviolet characteristic absorption bands were also investigated.
Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto starch using a Ce(IV)–glucose initiator system (2003)

Abstract Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto starch was carried out in aqueous medium using Ce(IV)–glucose initiator in the temperature range 40–60°C. Effects of concentration of Ce(IV), glucose, H 2 SO 4 , monomer, and starch on grafting were investigated. Percentages of grafting were evaluated and compared. The overall energy of activation was calculated from the effects of time and temperature of polymerization. The reaction mechanism was also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 981–990, 2004
Flow cytometric estimation of cell cycle parameters using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (1986)

An estimation of cell kinetic parameters was made by simultaneous flow cytometric measurements of DNA and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) contents of cells. The procedure described in this paper involves the incorporation of BrdUrd by S phase cells, labeling the BrdUrd with an indirect immunofluorescent technique using a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody, and staining DNA with propidium iodide (PI). The amount of incorporated BrdUrd in HeLa cells was proportional to that of synthesized DNA through S phase. For all cell lines examined, the pattern of BrdUrd incorporation was essentially the same and the rate of DNA synthesis during S phase was not constant. The bivariate BrdUrd/DNA distributions showed a horse-shoe pattern, maximum in the mid S phase and minimum in the early and late S phases. Furthermore, the durations of cell cycle (Tc) and S phase (Ts) were estimated from a FLSm (fraction of labeled cells in mid S phase) curve that was generated by plotting the percentage of BrdUrd pulse-labeled cells in a narrow window defined in the mid S phase of the DNA histogram. The values of these parameters in NIH 3T3, HeLa S3, and HL-60 cells were in good accordance with the reported data. This FCM method using the monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody allows rapid determination of both cell cycle compartments and also Ts and Tc without the use of radioactive DNA precursors.
Scalable Adaptive NUMA-Aware Lock (2016)

Scalable locking is a key building block for scalable multi-threaded software. Its performance is especially critical in multi-socket, multi-core machines with non-uniform memory access (NUMA). Previous schemes such as in-place locks and delegation locks only perform well under a certain level of contention, and often require non-trivial tuning for a particular configuration. Besides, in large NUMA systems, current delegation locks cannot perform satisfactorily due to lack of optimized NUMA policies. In this work, we propose SANL, a locking scheme that can deliver high performance under various contention levels by adaptively switching between in-place locks and delegation locks. To optimize the performance of delegation locks, we introduce a new NUMA policy that jointly considers node distances and server utilization when choosing lock servers. We have implemented SANL and evaluated it with four popular multi-threaded applications (Memcached, Berkeley DB, Phoenix2 and SPLASH-2), on a 40-core Intel machine and a 64-core AMD machine. The comparison results with seven other representative locking schemes show that SANL outperforms them in most contention situations. For example, in one group test, SANL is 3.7 times faster than RCL lock and 17 times faster than POSIX mutex.
Efficient single-frequency fiber lasers with novel photosensitive Er/Yb optical fibers (1997)

Boron- and germanium-doped highly photosensitive cladding is used in a novel design to achieve photosensitive Er/Yb-doped fibers, permitting short, strong gratings (length approximately 1 cm, reflectivity >99%) to be written without hydrogenation. The high absorption at 980 nm in Er/Yb fibers permits efficient pump absorption over a short device length, which is ideal for achieving highly efficient single-frequency fiber lasers. Both single-frequency Bragg-grating reflector and distributed-feedback lasers with slope efficiencies of 25% with respect to launched pump power have been realized in such fibers.
Role of Inflammasomes in Host Defense against Citrobacter rodentium Infection (2012)

Citrobacter rodentium is an enteric bacterial pathogen of the mouse intestinal tract that triggers inflammatory responses resembling those of humans infected with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Inflammasome signaling is emerging as a central regulator of inflammatory and host responses to several pathogens, but the in vivo role of inflammasome signaling in host defense against C. rodentium has not been characterized. Here, we show that mice lacking the inflammasome components Nlrp3, Nlrc4, and caspase-1 were hypersusceptible to C. rodentium-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. This was due to defective interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production given that il-1β(-/-) and il-18(-/-) mice also suffered from increased bacterial burdens and exacerbated histopathology. C. rodentium specifically activated the Nlrp3 inflammasome in in vitro-infected macrophages independently of a functional bacterial type III secretion system. Thus, production of IL-1β and IL-18 downstream of the Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 inflammasomes plays a critical role in host defense against enteric infections caused by C. rodentium.