gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene Production Optimization in Fluidized Bed Catalytic Reactor (FBCR): Statistical Modeling and Pilot Scale Experimental Validation (2014)

Propylene is one type of plastic that is widely used in our everyday life. This study focuses on the identification and justification of the optimum process parameters for polypropylene production in a novel pilot plant based fluidized bed reactor. This first-of-its-kind statistical modeling with experimental validation for the process parameters of polypropylene production was conducted by applying ANNOVA (Analysis of variance) method to Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three important process variables <i>i.e.</i>, reaction temperature, system pressure and hydrogen percentage were considered as the important input factors for the polypropylene production in the analysis performed. In order to examine the effect of process parameters and their interactions, the ANOVA method was utilized among a range of other statistical diagnostic tools such as the correlation between actual and predicted values, the residuals and predicted response, outlier <i>t</i> plot, 3D response surface and contour analysis plots. The statistical analysis showed that the proposed quadratic model had a good fit with the experimental results. At optimum conditions with temperature of 75 °C, system pressure of 25 bar and hydrogen percentage of 2%, the highest polypropylene production obtained is 5.82% per pass. Hence it is concluded that the developed experimental design and proposed model can be successfully employed with over a 95% confidence level for optimum polypropylene production in a fluidized bed catalytic reactor (FBCR).
A 3D Digital Library System: Capture, Analysis, Query, and Display (2002)

This paper describes development of a storage, archival, and sketch-based query and retrieval system for 3D objects. The process and results provide a model for a Digital Library of 3D data for further study and analysis. The initial focus has been Native American ceramic vessels, scanned and defined as a set of three-dimensional triangulated meshes composed of points and triangles. The process involves modeling the data with parametric surfaces, and extracting relevant features to raise the level of abstraction of data. The project uses a class based XML schema to catalog and organize vessel data. A visual query process was developed to permit users to interact with the data using sketches or by selecting sample vessel shapes to augment text and metric search criteria to retrieve original and modeled data, and interactive 2D and 3D models. Keywords:
Robust similarity metrics between audio signals based on asymmetrical spectral envelope matching (2010)

In this paper, a new type of metric that defines the similarity between musical audio signals is proposed. Based on the spectral flatness criterion, those metrics achieve low computational cost and low sensitivity to acoustical degradations. Validation is performed by studying the ability of the proposed metric to determine whether two audio signals have been played by the same musical instrument. For this task, proposed metrics are shown to overcome metrics based on the comparison of standard spectral features especially when the request and the records of the database are of different acoustical properties.
Sustainable self-consolidating grout (2016)

No chemical admixture self-consolidating grout with high percentage Portland cement replacement with Type-F fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag has a potential for a robust and sustainable commercial application. This chapter focuses on mix design refinement where the parameters of cementitious materials percentages and water to cementitious material ratio were varied. The embodied energy benefit occurs by decreasing or limiting the Portland cement required in a grout mix design. By recycling the waste products through Portland cement replacement a cleaner and more sustainable grout is created by decreasing the embodied energy of production. Self-consolidating grout using widely available waste products has the potential for commercial application. Self-consolidating grout eliminates the need for mechanical equipment saving time and therefore reducing labor costs. A test program was designed and conducted to test the initial grout initial strengths while still maintaining self-consolidating flow properties.
Biomaterials for Delivery and Targeting of Proteins and Nucleic Acids (2004)

Newcomers to the field of biopharmaceuticals require an understanding of the basic principles and underlying methodology involved in developing protein- and nucleic acid-based therapies for genetic and acquired diseases.Introducing the principles of polymer science and chemistry, this book delineates the basic biology required for understanding how biomaterials can be used as drug-deliver vehicles. No book to date combines a discussion of high-tech biomaterials-based delivery of protein and nucleic acid drugs with the pharmaceutical or biocompatibility aspects. Leading experts from around the world discuss the physiochemical parameters used for design, development, and evaluation of biotechnological dosage forms for delivery of proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, and genes. The book includes coverage biological barriers to extravasation and cellular uptake of proteins and nucleic acids.
Inkjet Printing of High Conductivity, Flexible Graphene Patterns (2013)

The ability to print high conductivity, conformal, and flexible electrodes is an important technological challenge in printed electronics, especially for large-area formats with low cost considerations. In this Letter, we demonstrate inkjet-printed, high conductivity graphene patterns that are suitable for flexible electronics. The ink is prepared by solution-phase exfoliation of graphene using an environmentally benign solvent, ethanol, and a stabilizing polymer, ethyl cellulose. The inkjet-printed graphene features attain low resistivity of 4 mΩ·cm after a thermal anneal at 250 °C for 30 min while showing uniform morphology, compatibility with flexible substrates, and excellent tolerance to bending stresses.
Emerging Requirements for Digital Maps for In-Vehicle Pathfinding and Other Traveller Assistance (1991)

As Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) technology matures, new in-vehicle applications are arising: pathfinding, business listings (Yellow Pages), cartographically attractive displays, integration with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, and communications with real-time traffic information services. Each of these impose new demands on digital maps supporting ATIS. We present examples of each and describe the nature of supporting map data. For pathfinding the following data are used: a topological database, driving restrictions, including complex multi-link turn restrictions, and street classifications used in computing impedance. More advanced and attractive graphics displays, e.g., color LCD and CRT screens, permit color fill for such areas as water bodies and parks. As a result, purely cartographic information, useful primarily for making the map display more attractive and recognizable, may become a significant portion of the map data. GPS is now widely available, and many manufacturers are including GPS receivers in their designs and prototypes. This requires, in most cases, a change in coordinate systems, for example in the US from NAD27 to WGS84. Finally, identifying particular links for communication with real-time traffic information services imposes requirements for cooperation among developers. Operating examples of these new requirements in use are presented together with a brief review of earlier requirements, including positional accuracy, street classification and geocoding support. These are needed for display, map matching navigation, as well as new applications, such as business listings searches.
Locating text in complex color images (2002)

There is a substantial interest in retrieving images from a large database using the textual information contained in the images. An algorithm which will automatically locate the textual regions in the input image will facilitate this task; the optical character recognizer can then be applied to only those regions of the image which contain text. We present a method for automatically locating text in complex color images. The algorithm first finds the approximate locations of text lines using horizontal spatial variance, and then extracts text components in these boxes using color segmentation. The proposed method has been used to locate text in compact disc (CD) and book cover images, as well as in the images of traffic scenes captured by a video camera. Initial results are encouraging and suggest that these algorithms can be used in image retrieval applications.
Decentralized sufficient & necessary optimality conditions for cooperative stochastic differential decision problems (2016)

In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient Person by Person and Global (team) decentralized optimality conditions, for stochastic differential decision problems with multiple Decision Makers (DMs) or Agents aimed at optimizing a common pay-off. These consist of forward and backward stochastic differential equations, and a set of conditional variational Hamiltonians with respect to the information structures of the DMs.
Nonparallel Emotional Speech Conversion (2019)

We propose a nonparallel data-driven emotional speech conversion method. It enables the transfer of emotion-related characteristics of a speech signal while preserving the speaker's identity and linguistic content. Most existing approaches require parallel data and time alignment, which is not available in most real applications. We achieve nonparallel training based on an unsupervised style transfer technique, which learns a translation model between two distributions instead of a deterministic one-to-one mapping between paired examples. The conversion model consists of an encoder and a decoder for each emotion domain. We assume that the speech signal can be decomposed into an emotion-invariant content code and an emotion-related style code in latent space. Emotion conversion is performed by extracting and recombining the content code of the source speech and the style code of the target emotion. We tested our method on a nonparallel corpora with four emotions. Both subjective and objective evaluations show the effectiveness of our approach.
Antimalarial Activity of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and Related Trioxanes: Mechanism (s) of Action (1996)

Malaria is one of the most deadly infectious diseases known to mankind. The species of Plasmodium that cause malaria can develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs that is going in recent times. Artemisinin and its analogs comprise a rapidly expanding chemotherapeutic arsenal in the ongoing worldwide fight against the resurgent threat of malaria. The promise of artemisinin, its semisynthetic derivatives, and its fully synthetic analogs as a new class of nonalkaloidal, fast-acting antimalarials has stimulated extensive synthetic and mechanistic research into their novel mode of action. Artemisinin and its expanding array of structurally related 1,2,4-trioxanes are effective against both simple and complicated malaria. The desire to develop new, more potent agents related to this promising class of drugs has prompted researchers to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of these relatively new antimalarials. The developing understanding is the mechanism of action in which the endoperoxide linkage is a trigger, activated by iron-induced reduction inside the malaria parasite that releases a cascade of reactive intermediates—cytotoxic free radicals, one or more high-valent iron-oxo intermediates, and electrophilic alkylating agents—that ultimately cause fatal damage to the parasites.
Design, Synthesis, and Docking Studies of Peptidomimetics Based on HER2–Herceptin Binding Site with Potential Antiproliferative Activity Against Breast Cancer Cell lines (2009)

Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase and the related human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2, ErbB2) are two growth factor receptors that have implications in cancer. The overexpression or activation of HER2 occurs frequently in breast, ovarian, and lung cancers, making it an important therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer. Blocking HER2-mediated signaling with antibodies or small molecules has been shown to be effective in inhibiting cell growth. After analyzing the crystal structure of the HER2-herceptin complex, several peptidomimetics (HERP5, 6, and 7) were designed to inhibit HER2-mediated signaling for cell growth. We have used an in silico screening method to investigate the chemical diversity of the designed compounds. autodock software was used to dock the different analogs of HERP5 and HERP7 with HER2 protein extracellular domain. A total of 53 compounds were docked to HER2 protein, and their binding modes were analyzed in terms of docking energy, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Compounds that exhibited low-energy docked structures were chosen for chemical synthesis and biological activity. Two of the compounds (HERP5 and HERP7) exhibited antiproliferative activity, with IC(50) values of 0.396 microm and 0.143 microm, respectively, against SKBR-3 cell lines (breast cancer cell lines) that overexpress HER2 protein.
Reverse vesicle formation from the yeast glycolipid biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipid-D (2012)

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are secreted by yeasts and are promising glycolipid biosurfactants. In our study on the non-aqueous phase behaviors of MEL homologues, we found that MEL-D (4-O-[2',3'-di-O-alka(e)noyl-β-D-mannopyranosyl]-(2R,3S)-erythritol) forms aggregates in decane. The microscopic observation and the X-ray scattering measurement of these aggregates revealed that they are reverse vesicles that consist of bilayers whose hydrophilic domains are located in the interior of the bilayers. In addition, MEL-D formed reverse vesicles without co-surfactants and co-solvents in various oily solutions, such as n-alkanes, cyclohexane, squalane, squalene, and silicone oils at a concentration below 10 mM. This is the first report on the reverse vesicle formation from biosurfactants.
Advanced wireless sensor nodes and networks for agricultural applications (2016)

A review of advanced wireless sensor nodes, networks, and applications in precision agriculture has been presented. Features of several commercial and prototype sensor node platforms designed and implemented for agricultural applications have been described. Basics of sensor network protocols and topologies have been reviewed together with numerous applications. Advanced machine learning approaches in this field (especially, Kernel Methods, Gaussian Processes, and Deep Neural Networks) have also been discussed.
Phospho-T356RB1 predicts survival in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2015)

Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) that is not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) has a poor prognosis in contrast to HPV-positive disease. To better understand the importance of RB1 activity in HPV-negative SCCHN, we investigated the prognostic value of inhibitory CDK4/6 phosphorylation of RB1 on threonine 356 (T356) in archival HPV-negative tumor specimens from patients who underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiation. We benchmarked pT356RB1 to total RB1, Ki67, pT202/Y204ERK1/2, and TP53, as quantified by automatic quantitative analysis (AQUA), and correlated protein expression with tumor stage and grade. High expression of pT356RB1 but not total RB1 predicted reduced overall survival (OS; P = 0.0295), indicating the potential relevance of post-translational phosphorylation. Paired analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for regulators of this RB1 phosphorylation identified loss or truncating mutation of negative regulator CDKN2A (p16) and elevated expression of the CDK4/6 activator CCND1 (cyclin D) as also predicting poor survival. Given that CDK4/6 inhibitors have been most effective in the context of functional RB1 and low expression or deletion of p16 in other tumor types, these data suggest such agents may merit evaluation in HPV-negative SCCHN, specifically in cases associated with high pT356RB1.
Innovative road usage and congestion charging approaches using 2G and 3G cellular network capabilities and infrastructure (2004)

The objective is to show the possibilities of 2G and 3G mobile communication networks to pave the way for electronic fee collection and value added services besides the well described GNSS/CN approaches based on proprietary on-board units. 2G and 3G networks are capable of offering location services, a high market penetration with handsets and mobile devices and various additional modules for an electronic fee collection (EFC) system. Communication networks provide different technologies to localize a customer on the condition that privacy issues are taken into consideration. Cell-ID information, enhanced location based services such as EOT-D and assisted GPS offer different accuracy of position and can be used for different EFC approaches. These localisation capabilities enable charging schemes like zone pricing, cordon charging in urban areas and distance based charging on motorways. The services could be distinguished by the fact that they are available on the handset or in the core network. This has an influence on the system architecture. The presentation gives an overview about the accuracy and availability of these technologies and how they can be used for example to offer access to a charging scheme for non-frequent users. The overview is enriched by results based on EFC research and development projects that are currently undertaken by Vodafone Group Research and Development.
Influence of Hydrophobicity on Oligopeptide Utilization by Oral Streptococci (1990)

The growth responses of Streptococcus mutans VA-29R, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus mitior NIH to hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides obtained following isopropanol fractionation of Trypticase were compared. Although the two fractions contained peptides of similar molecular size, differences were observed with respect to amino acid compositions. S. mutans VA-29R showed a pronounced difference in growth response to hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic peptides. While growth of this micro-organism on hydrophilic peptides was indistinguishable from that on unfractionated Trypticase, only very slow growth occurred on the hydrophobic peptides. S. sanguis ATCC 10556 and S. mitior NIH also displayed some selectivity, as evidenced by their faster relative growth rates on hydrophilic, as compared with hydrophobic, peptides. The results of this study support the conclusion that the properties of the substrate, as defined by its amino acid composition, may be more important than molecular size as a factor influencing recognition and subsequent utilization of oligopeptides as sources of amino acids for growth by these three oral streptococci.
The National Minimum Dataset for Social Care — Why be interested? (2007)

(2007). The National Minimum Dataset for Social Care — Why be interested? Journal of Care Services Management: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 11-16.
Testing and Analysis of Consolidated Sludge Samples from the 105 K East Basin Floor and Canisters (2000)

No abstract prepared.
Roll-to-roll redox-welding and embedding for silver nanowire network electrodes (2018)

We developed a continuous roll-to-roll redox-welding and embedding method for the fabrication of electrodes of silver nanowire (AgNWs) networks. The roll-to-roll welding method involved a sequence of oxidation and reduction reactions in an aqueous solution. The redox-welding significantly decreased the sheet resistance of the AgNW film owing to the strong fusion and interlocking at the nanowire junction, while the optical transmittance was maintained. The first oxidation step using HNO<sub>3</sub> generated ionized silver (Ag<sup>+</sup>) which got re-deposited onto the nanowire junctions via an autocatalytic reaction. The oxide layers, which formed on the nanowire surface by both air exposure and the first step of oxidation, were removed by the second reduction step using NaBH<sub>4</sub>. The redox-welded AgNW electrodes exhibited a sheet resistance of 11.3 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup> at the optical transmittance of 90.5% at 550 nm. Furthermore, redox-welding of the AgNWs significantly enhanced their mechanical robustness compared to that of the as-coated AgNWs. The redox-welded AgNWs embedded in a UV curable resin, using a roll-to-roll embedding process, were successfully applied as anode electrodes for large-area and flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The device performance is superior to that of a device based on the as-coated AgNW electrode, and is also comparable to that of a device using commercial ITO as the electrode. The redox-welding and embedding processes provide a facile and reliable method for fabricating large-area transparent flexible electrodes for next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices.
Seleno groups control the energy-level alignment between conjugated organic molecules and metals (2014)

The charge injection from metallic electrodes into hole transporting layers of organic devices often suffers from deviations from vacuum-level alignment at the interface. Even for weakly interacting cases, Pauli repulsion causes an interface dipole between the metal and conjugated organic molecules (COMs) (so called "push-back" or "cushion" effect), which leads notoriously to an increase of the hole injection barrier. On the other hand, for chalcogenol self assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal surfaces, chemisorption via the formation of chalcogen-metal bonds is commonly observed. In these cases, the energy-level alignment is governed by chalcogen-derived interface states in the vicinity of the metal Fermi-level. In this work, we present X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data that demonstrate that the interfacial energy-level alignment mechanism found for chalcogenol SAMs also applies to seleno-functionalized COMs. This can be exploited to mitigate the push-back effect at metal contacts, notably also when COMs with low ionization energies are employed, permitting exceedingly low hole injection barriers, as shown here for the interfaces of tetraseleno-tetracene with Au(111), Ag(111), and Cu(111).
Distributed Dynamic Mathematical Model & Tube Wall Temperature Calculation of Rear Platen Superheater (2006)

By investigating the rear superheater of a 300 MW boiler,the distributed dynamic mathematical model is built up using mechanical modeling method.Exterior tube wall temperature of each pipe as well as steam temperature distribution of each pipe of the rear superheater along the length orientation of the pipes when steam enthalpy and steam flow and flue gas side heat exchange capacity change are simulated,and simulation results are analysed.