gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low power transponder IC for high performance identification systems (2002)

A novel integrated circuit for a battery-less transponder system is presented. Battery-less transponders require contactless transmission of both the information and power between a mobile data carrier and a stationary or handheld reader unit. The operating principle of this system gives a superior performance in reading distance due to separation of the powering and data transmission phases. This paper describes the function of the transponder IC and the circuit design techniques used for the various building blocks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dichotomies in Ontology-Mediated Querying with the Guarded Fragment (2017)

We study the complexity of ontology-mediated querying when ontologies are formulated in the guarded fragment of first-order logic (GF). Our general aim is to classify the data complexity on the level of ontologies where query evaluation w.r.t. an ontology O is considered to be in PTime if all (unions of conjunctive) queries can be evaluated in PTime w.r.t. O and coNP-hard if at least one query is coNP-hard w.r.t. O. We identify several large and relevant fragments of GF that enjoy a dichotomy between PTime and coNP, some of them additionally admitting a form of counting. In fact, almost all ontologies in the BioPortal repository fall into these fragments or can easily be rewritten to do so. We then establish a variation of Ladner's Theorem on the existence of NP-intermediate problems and use this result to show that for other fragments, there is provably no such dichotomy. Again for other fragments (such as full GF), establishing a dichotomy implies the Feder-Vardi conjecture on the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems. We also link these results to Datalog-rewritability and study the decidability of whether a given ontology enjoys PTime query evaluation, presenting both positive and negative results.
How many and why? A question for Graham Oppy that classical theism can answer (2021)

Abstract I argue that classical theism has a significant advantage as a theory of the First Cause over Graham Oppy's naturalistic account. This is because classical theism not only gives us a clear answer to the question of how many first causes there are but also because it explains why there is that number and not another. In comparison, Oppy's ‘initial physical state’ account seemingly leaves these questions hopelessly open, and so does his ‘metaphysical simples’ proposal for a foundational layer of reality. I end by exploring two arguments from omnipotence and perfection that could be of use also to non-classical theists.
Modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by ethanolic neem leaf extract during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. (2005)

Chemoprevention by medicinal plants is a promising approach for controlling cancer. There is substantial evidence to indicate that chemopreventive agents exert their anticarcinogenic effects by modulation of phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, we examined the chemopreventive potential of ethanolic neem leaf extract (ENLE) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. Hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals each. The right buccal pouches of animals in Group I were painted with 0.5 per cent DMBA in liquid paraffin three times per week. Animals in Group 2 painted with DMBA as in group 1, received in addition, intragastric administration of ENLE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg bw three times per week on days alternate to DMBA application. Group 3 was given ENLE alone. Animals in Group 4 served as controls. All animals were killed after an experimental period of 14 weeks. Five out of six hamsters painted with DMBA alone developed squamous cell carcinomas in the buccal pouch. The HBP tumours showed an increase in phase I carcinogen activation (cytochrome P450 and b5) and phase II detoxification enzyme (glutathione-S-transferase, DT-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase) activities. In the liver of tumour-bearing animals, enhanced cytochrome P450 and b5 levels were accompanied by a decrease in phase II detoxification enzyme activities. Administration of ENLE effectively suppressed DMBA-induced HBP tumours, decreased cytochrome P450 and b5 levels, and enhanced phase II enzyme activities in the pouch and liver. Our results suggest that the modulation of DMBA metabolism is a possible mechanism for the chemopreventive effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract.
Binding sites in Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase communicate by modulating the conformational ensemble (2000)

To explore how distal mutations affect binding sites and how binding sites in proteins communicate, an ensemble-based model of the native state was used to define the energetic connectivities between the different structural elements of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. Analysis of this model protein has allowed us to identify two important aspects of intramolecular communication. First, within a protein, pair-wise couplings exist that define the magnitude and extent to which mutational effects propagate from the point of origin. These pair-wise couplings can be identified from a quantity we define as the residue-specific connectivity. Second, in addition to the pair-wise energetic coupling between residues, there exists functional connectivity, which identifies energetic coupling between entire functional elements (i.e., binding sites) and the rest of the protein. Analysis of the energetic couplings provides access to the thermodynamic domain structure in dihydrofolate reductase as well as the susceptibility of the different regions of the protein to both small-scale (e.g., point mutations) and large-scale perturbations (e. g., binding ligand). The results point toward a view of allosterism and signal transduction wherein perturbations do not necessarily propagate through structure via a series of conformational distortions that extend from one active site to another. Instead, the observed behavior is a manifestation of the distribution of states in the ensemble and how the distribution is affected by the perturbation.
Abstract 10531: Reactive Hyperemia Index and Coronary Plaque in Asymptomatic Adults - Insights From the Miami Heart Study at Baptist Health South Florida (2022)

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the associations between the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a non-invasive estimate of endothelial function, and coronary artery plaque presence and features on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA); and whether these associations differ by sex. Methods: Data from Miami Heart Study, an ongoing, prospective US cohort of individuals free of clinical ASCVD. A total of 2,097 participants underwent assessment of both RHI using EndoPAT® (abnormal RHI defined as &lt;1.67) and a CCTA scan. We computed the unadjusted prevalence of 4 plaque outcomes (any coronary plaque on CCTA, CAC score &gt;0, maximal coronary stenosis ≥50%, and presence of ≥1 high-risk plaque features) among individuals with and without abnormal RHI; overall and by sex. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between RHI and the outcomes adjusting for confounders, overall and by sex. Results: Of the 2,097 participants, mean age was 53 years, 50% were women, and 15% had abnormal RHI. Mean age was 54±7 vs. 53±7 years for normal vs. abnormal RHI, respectively, and 17% men vs 13% women had abnormal RHI. In unadjusted analyses, abnormal RHI was not associated with a significant higher prevalence of any of the study outcomes ( Figure Panel A ; all P &gt;0.05). Adjusting for sociodemographics, no statistically significant associations were observed between abnormal RHI and any of the coronary plaque features evaluated ( Panel B ). Similar observations were noted further adjusting for other risk factors. There was no evidence of interaction by sex in any of the associations (P for interaction: all &gt;0.05). Conclusions: In the Miami Heart Study, abnormal RHI measured using EndoPAT was not associated with coronary plaque in either women nor men. Our findings suggest that this measurement may be suboptimal in the assessment of endothelial function, and not informative in predicting the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Diffusion barrier property of TiN and TiN/Al/TiN films deposited with FMCVD for Cu interconnection in ULSI (2004)

Flow modulation chemical vapor deposition (FMCVD) with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and ammonia (NH3) is effective for depositing titanium nitride (TiN) films with conformal morphology, good step coverage, low electrical resistivity, and low chlorine residual contamination. It means that FMCVD TiN film is a good candidate of diffusion barriers for copper interconnection technology in ULSI. But the diffusion barrier property of FMCVD TiN film against Cu diffusion has not been confirmed. So, firstly, we deposited Cu (100 nm)/FMCVD TiN (25 nm)/Si multilayer films and investigated the thermal stability of Cu/TiN/Si structure. Vacuum annealing was done at 400, 500, 550 and 600 °C. For films annealed for 30 min at 400 °C, Cu diffused through the TiN layer and formed copper silicides on the surface of Si substrates. Therefore, FMCVD films formed under such conditions are unsatisfactory diffusion barriers. To enhance the diffusion barrier property of FMCVD TiN films, we used sequential deposition to introduce a monolayer of Al atoms between two TiN films. Etch-pit tests showed that for TiN films with Al interlayer, Cu diffusion through the barrier occurred at 500 °C and that is 100 °C higher than TiN film without Al interlayer. Al atoms formed AlOx with oxygen atoms present in the TiN films as impurities, and fill up the grain boundaries of TiN film, thereby blocking the diffusion of Cu atoms.
Sonography and quantitative measurements (1996)

A preliminary study of coronary artery wall topography and mechanical properties is presented. The aim of this study was to give a brief demonstration of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) as a sonographic technique, and to apply the time-resolved SAM (TR-SAM) technique for quantification of coronary artery wall mechanical properties under passive conditions ex-vivo, and compare the data for the tunica externa and tunica media of the wall. The authors chose the diagonal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) of young healthy pigs for measurements. It is concluded that SAM is well suited for sonography at the micrometer level, and TR-SAM provides a refined tool for biorheological quantification ex-vivo, provided that a number of physical factors influencing measurements and tissue properties are considered and dealt with. With time and effort, SAM may also become a valuable tool for recognizing important relations of composition and structure to function. For future SAM studies of arteries, more detailed analyses of layer interfaces and better models of biorheology should be applied to describe the anisotropy and nonlinear viscoelasticity of the wall.
Ranking Chemical Structures for Drug Discovery: A New Machine Learning Approach (2010)

With chemical libraries increasingly containing millions of compounds or more, there is a fast-growing need for computational methods that can rank or prioritize compounds for screening. Machine learning methods have shown considerable promise for this task; indeed, classification methods such as support vector machines (SVMs), together with their variants, have been used in virtual screening to distinguish active compounds from inactive ones, while regression methods such as partial least-squares (PLS) and support vector regression (SVR) have been used in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for predicting biological activities of compounds. Recently, a new class of machine learning methods - namely, ranking methods, which are designed to directly optimize ranking performance - have been developed for ranking tasks such as web search that arise in information retrieval (IR) and other applications. Here we report the application of these new ranking methods in machine learning to the task of ranking chemical structures. Our experiments show that the new ranking methods give better ranking performance than both classification based methods in virtual screening and regression methods in QSAR analysis. We also make some interesting connections between ranking performance measures used in cheminformatics and those used in IR studies.
beta-lactam synthetase: Implications for beta-lactamase evolution (1998)

A synthetase enzyme catalyses formation of the monocyclic β-lactam ring during clavulanic acid biosynthesis.
Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing by Extracts from Aquatic Fungi: First Report from Marine Endophytes (2014)

In our search for quorum-sensing (QS) disrupting molecules, 75 fungal isolates were recovered from reef organisms (endophytes), saline lakes and mangrove rhizosphere. Their QS inhibitory activity was evaluated in Chromobacterium violaceum CVO26. Four strains of endophytic fungi stood out for their potent activity at concentrations from 500 to 50 μg mL-1. The molecular characterization, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) between the rRNA of 18S and 28S, identified these strains as belonging to four genera: Sarocladium (LAEE06), Fusarium (LAEE13), Epicoccum (LAEE14), and Khuskia (LAEE21). Interestingly, three came from coral species and two of them came from the same organism, the coral Diploria strigosa. Metabolic profiles obtained by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) suggest that a combination of fungal secondary metabolites and fatty acids could be the responsible for the observed activities. The LC-HRMS analysis also revealed the presence of potentially new secondary metabolites. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of QS inhibition by marine endophytic fungi.
Chromatin structure and endonuclease sensitivity in human leukemic cell lines. (1996)

The relationship between chromatin structure and endonuclease sensitivity was investigated. The cells used in this study were a) human myelogenous leukemic cell lines (HL-60, ML-I, U-937, THP-I) (Group I), which produced internucleosomal DNA cleavage, and b) human T-cell leukemia (MOLT-4), erythroleukemia (K562), glioblastoma (T98G, U87MG) and glioma (KG-1-C) cell lines (Group II), which produced no internucleosomal DNA cleavage, upon treatment with various apoptosis-inducing agents. When the nuclei, isolated from these cells were digested with micrococcal nuclease, chromatin DNA was cleaved into oligonucleosomal units. Although sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease considerably differed from cell to cell, Group I cells were generally more sensitive to micrococcal nuclease digestion than Group II cells. Similar sensitivity to DNase I was observed in both groups of cells. Acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of histone fractions from control and apoptosing HL-60 cells (induced either by hydrogen peroxide or UV irradiation) revealed no significant change in the relative composition of five major histones, indicating the absence of selective degradation of histone HI, but rather the nonspecific degradation of many nuclear proteins. These data suggest a difference in a chromatin structure between Group I and II cells, which might result in the selective production of internucleosomal DNA cleavage only in Group I cells.
Click Reaction-Mediated T2 Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Pesticide Residues via Brush-like Nanostructure-Triggered Coordination Chemistry (2019)

We develop an ultrasensitive <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>-mediated immunosensor based on the coordination chemistry and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide andalkyne (CuAAC) and apply it for the detection of pesticide residues. We functionalize polyglutamic acid (PGA) on polystyrene to form a brush-like nanostructure that has a large loading capacity of Cu(II) through the coordination chemistry between PGA and Cu(II). Such a brush-like nanostructure could be used to chelate Cu(II) to modulate the CuAAC between azide-functionalized 1000 nm polystyrene (PS<sub>1000</sub>) and alkyne-functionalized 30 nm magnetic nanoparticles (MNP<sub>30</sub>), and the MNP<sub>30</sub>-PS<sub>1000</sub> conjugate as a product of CuAAC can act as a magnetic probe in this <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>-based immunosensor. This click chemistry and coordination chemistry-mediated immunosensor allows for an ultrasensitive detection for chlorpyrifos residue (0.022 ng/mL), a 58-fold enhancement compared with that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1.28 ng/mL), providing a promising platform for detection of trace small molecules.
A QoE-based 360° Video Adaptive Bitrate Delivery and Caching Scheme for C-RAN (2020)

With the development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology, the growing number of VR users puts tremendous pressure on network bandwidth. The tile-based scheme is proposed to reduce the transmission size of 360° video and improve bandwidth utilization. However, when the Field of View (FoV) of the user changes unexpectedly, the tile-based scheme will cause video distortion and quality switching by unacceptable delay. Therefore, many methods are proposed to cache the tiles that users are most likely to playback in Cloud/Edge to decrease delay. However, the dynamic adaptive bitrate delivery and the caching decision is a complex joint optimization problem, which will be a dimensional explosion problem when the scale of users and videos is large. In this paper, we design a QoE-based 360° video adaptive bitrate delivery and caching scheme aiming to maximize the quality of experience (QoE) of multi-user and ensure the fairness of users. To solve this optimization problem which is proved to be NP-Hard, we propose a bitrate selection and caching decision algorithm by greedy strategy. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly improves cache hit rate and QoE performance compared with other algorithms with fairness guaranteed.
Fast depth estimation using non-iterative local optimization for super multi-view images (2015)

This paper proposes a high-quality fast depth estimation method based on a non-iterative edge-adaptive local cost optimization for super multi-view images (SMV). Depth candidates are increasingly updated by evaluating a cost function involving three-view matching error and depth continuity terms. A simple differentiator detects a texture edge and controls the depth continuity weight. Experimental results show an increase in speed of approximately 9.7 to 67 times with the same quality for computer graphic images and approximately 111 times with less than 1dB quality degradation for camera images compared to a graph-cuts based algorithm. Its predictable estimation time is an advantage for real-time free-navigation systems using SMV.
Abstract 14658: Comparative Effectiveness of Torsemide versus Furosemide in Acute Heart Failure Patients: Insights from ASCEND-HF (2014)

Introduction: Furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic in heart failure (HF) patients despite potential pharmacologic and anti-fibrotic benefits with torsemide. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the comparative benefits of post-discharge use of torsemide would be superior to furosemide in a large acute HF trial. Methods: We investigated HF patients in ASCEND-HF who were discharged on either torsemide or furosemide. Given regional variation in torsemide use, we restricted analyses to the 6 countries with at least 20 patients on one of the diuretics and patients on torsemide. Using inverse probability weighting (IPW) to account for selection of diuretic, we assessed the relationship between diuretic at discharge with 30-day mortality or HF hospitalization, and 30- and 180-day mortality. Results: Of 7,141 patients in the trial, 3,282 patients were included in this analysis, of which, 88% (n=2,893) received furosemide and 12% (n=389) received torsemide. Torsemide-treated patients had lower blood pressure, and higher creatinine and BUN at baseline compared with furosemide-treated patients. On adjusted analysis, torsemide use was associated with a trend toward lower 30-day mortality or HF hospitalization (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.37-1.04; P=0.067). Torsemide was associated with similar 30-day mortality (OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.28-2.09; P=0.60), and significantly reduced 180-day mortality (HR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.87; P=0.038) compared with furosemide (Figure). Conclusion: In this acute HF trial, a minority of patients received torsemide and commonly had indicators of higher risk. After risk-adjustment, torsemide was associated with lower risk of 180-day mortality. These data should be considered as hypothesis-generating and prospective, randomized comparative effectiveness trials are needed to investigate the optimal diuretic choice between torsemide vs. furosemide.
Respiratory motion prediction using deep convolutional long short-term memory network (2020)

Utilizing the proposed method, because of its generative nature, which results in the generation of CT images during the breathing cycle, improves the radiotherapy treatment planning in the lack of access to 4D CT images.
Optimal mobile radio channel assignment using energy minimising and geometrical constraints (1997)

The growth in the number of mobile users is stimulating interest in the optimum design of mobile communication networks. In particular, network operators are required to satisfy a prescribed traffic demand with a limited spectrum allocation. This implies the allocation of channels to base stations subject to a frequency re-use regime which minimises co-channel and adjacent channel interference. This optimisation problem can be shown to be NP complete, and thus the time taken to obtain a solution scales exponentially with the size of the problem. Therefore, for practical channel assignment problems it is not feasible to use deterministic methods to obtain a solution. This paper extends the technique published by Lochtie and Mehler (see IEE Proceedings Communications, vol.142, no.3, 1995) to enable inhomogeneous interference constraints to be enforced. Practical results are presented for a typical channel assignment problem in southern England, and the method is compared which the homogeneous approach.
Signal transduction and second messengers in neurosecretory cells (1996)

The article summarizes general information about signal transduction and second messenger generation and functions in neurosecretory cells. Special attention is given to Ca2+ homeostasis events: release from intracellular stores and influx through voltage-insensitive channels opened either following activation of receptors coupled to polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis or as a consequence of internal store discharge. The spatio-temporal aspects of dynamic Ca2+ events, i.e. oscillations and waves, are discussed. Studies in progress on total calcium distribution, revealed at the ultrastructural level by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI), are presented.
Failure and Coverage Factors Based Markoff Models: A New Approach for Improving the Dependability Estimation in Complex Fault Tolerant Systems Exposed to SEUs (2007)

Dependability estimation of a fault tolerant computer system (FTCS) perturbed by single event upsets (SEUs) requires obtaining first the probability distribution functions for the time to recovery (TTR) and the time to failure (TTF) random variables. The application cross section (sigmaAP) approach does not give directly all the required information. This problem can be solved by means of the construction of suitable Markoff models. In this paper, a new method for constructing such models based on the system's failure and coverage factors is presented. Analytical dependability estimation is consistent with fault injection experiments performed in a fault tolerant operating system developed for a complex, real time data processing system.