gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rib cage surgery for the treatment of scoliosis: a biomechanical study of correction mechanisms (2002)

Rib shortening or lengthening are surgical options that are used to address the cosmetic rib cage deformity in scoliosis, but can also alter the equilibrium of forces acting on the spine, thus possibly counteracting in a mechanical way the scoliotic process and correcting the spinal deformities. Although rib surgeries have been successful in animal models, they have not gained wide clinical acceptance for mechanical correction of scoliosis due to the lack of understanding of the complex mechanisms of action involved during and after the operation. The objective of this study was to assess the biomechanical action of different surgical approaches on the rib cage for the treatment of scoliosis using a patient-specific finite element model of the spine and rib cage. Several unilateral and bilateral rib shortening/lengthening procedures were tested at different locations on the ribs (convex/concave side of the thoracic curvature; at the costo-transverse/costo-chondral joint; 20 and 40 mm adjustments). A biomechanical analysis was performed to assess the resulting geometry and load patterns in ribs, costo-vertebral articulations and vertebrae. Only slight immediate geometric variations were obtained. However, concave side rib shortening and convex side rib lengthening induced important loads on vertebral endplates that may lead to possible scoliotic spine correction depending on the remaining growth potential. Convex side rib shortening and concave side rib lengthening produced mostly cosmetic rib cage correction, but generated inappropriate loads on the vertebral endplates that could aggravate vertebral wedging. This study supports the concept of using concave side rib shortening or convex side rib lengthening as useful means to induce correction of the spinal scoliotic deformity during growth, though the effects of growth modulation from induced loads must be addressed in more detail to prove the usefulness of rib shortening/lengthening techniques.
14- and 16-μ gasdynamic CO2 lasers (1976)

Laser action at 16 μ has been obtained between the (02°0) and (0110) levels as well as between the (10°0) and (0110) levels at 14 μ. A 9- or 10-μ saturating pulse equilibrates the (001) level with either the (02°0) or (10°0) level and creates the transient 14- or 16-μ inversion. Extraction efficiencies of 20% have been achieved on a single pulse. Repetition frequencies of 200 Hz have been achieved using a single Q-switched cavity.
Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, tislelizumab (BGB-A317) in a phase 2, open-label, multicenter study to investigate in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - Trial in progress (2018)

Introduction: Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for PD-1 that was specifically engineered to minimize FcgR binding on macrophages, thereby abrogating antibody-dependent phagocytosis, a potential mechanism of T-cell clearance. A first-in-human, phase 1A/1B study (NCT02407990) demonstrated that single-agent tislelizumab was generally well tolerated and had preliminary antitumor effects in patients with solid tumors, including HCC. A recommended dose of tislelizumab administered at 200 mg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W) has been established. Methods: This phase 2, multicenter study (NCT03419897) was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of tislelizumab in patients with previously treated, unresectable HCC. This study will enroll patients who are ≥18 years of age with histologically confirmed locally advanced or unresectable HCC. This includes patients who are not amenable to, or who have relapsed after, locoregional therapy and are not amenable to a curative treatment approach. To be enrolled, patients must also have a Child-Pugh classification Grade A, ECOG performance status ≤1 and must have experienced sorafenib, regorafenib, or chemotherapy in 1 − 2 lines of prior systemic therapy. Radiological assessment of tumor-response status will be performed every 6 weeks in the first 18 weeks then every 9 weeks thereafter. Patients with prior PD-1 or PD-L1 treatment or who received sorafenib or regorafenib within 14 days of the first study drug administration will be excluded. A total of 228 patients worldwide will be treated with tislelizumab 200 mg IV Q3W. The primary endpoint of this study is objective response rate assessed by Independent Review Committee per RECISIT v1.1; secondary endpoints include duration of response, progression-free survival, disease control rate, clinical benefit rate, overall survival, quality-of-life outcomes, and assessment of the tislelizumab pharmacokinetic and safety/tolerability profiles. Exploratory endpoints include assessment of potential biomarkers, assessment of host immunogenicity to tislelizumab. Safety/tolerability assessments will include monitoring of adverse events (AEs), including immune-related AEs, as well as physical examinations, vital signs, and electrocardiograms.
Estrogen regulates histone deacetylases to prevent cardiac hypertrophy (2013)

The development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy often leads to heart failure and death, and important modulators of hypertrophy include the histone deacetylase proteins (HDACs). Estrogen inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and progression in animal models and humans. We therefore investigated the influence of 17-β-estradiol on the production, localization, and functions of prohypertrophic (class I) and antihypertrophic (class II) HDACs in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. 17-β-Estradiol or estrogen receptor β agonists dipropylnitrile and β-LGND2 comparably suppressed angiotensin II-induced HDAC2 (class I) production, HDAC-activating phosphorylation, and the resulting prohypertrophic mRNA expression. In contrast, estrogenic compounds derepressed the opposite effects of angiotensin II on the same parameters for HDAC4 and 5 (class II), resulting in retention of these deacetylases in the nucleus to inhibit hypertrophic gene expression. Key aspects were confirmed in vivo from the hearts of wild-type but not estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene-deleted mice administered angiotensin II and estrogenic compounds. Our results identify a novel dual regulation of cardiomyocyte HDACs, shown here for the antihypertrophic sex steroid acting at ERβ. This mechanism potentially supports using ERβ agonists as HDAC modulators to treat cardiac disease.
Pulsed laser microtomograph (1994)

This paper describes a pulsed laser tomographic apparatus that has been implemented in practice and has a spatial resolution of 2-5 {mu}m in the transverse direction and {approx}70 {mu}m in the probe-radiation propagation direction. Experiments have been performed with model objects. Results have been obtained that confirm the possibility of early diagnosis of skin mycoses that cannot be diagnosed by existing methods. 2 refs., 5 figs.
Advanced high-current ECR ion sources for implanters (1992)

We have already introduced a high-current ECR ion source producing a 200-mA beam of oxygen ions with an 80% O+ fraction. Two more advanced ECR sources with a high-current density of more than 100 mA/cm2 have been newly developed. One source provides high-current density without the accompanying damage to the microwave transmitting window found with the earlier source. This damage, which occurs when high-speed backstream electrons attack the window, limits source lifetime. By adopting a multiple microwave inlet configuration for the introduction of microwaves into the plasma chamber, the ECR condition can be satisfied and high-density plasma can be generated without an attack by backstream electrons. The other is a very compact source producing a high-current beam at a very low-power consumption. This is achieved by reducing the inner diameter of the plasma chamber to 5 cm φ, which is smaller than the cutoff dimensions for propagation of the 2.45 GHz microwave. A high-plasma density of 1 × 1013 cm−3 has been obtained at the low microwave power of 250 W.
6 (2012)

Introduction: Patients with sepsis continue to have high morbidity, mortality and costs. We studied impact of hospital size, location and organizational characteristics on costs and outcomes in patients with sepsis. Hypothesis: Hospital organizational characteristics, size and location impact cost and outcome of patients with sepsis. Methods: We analyzed NIS database for all adult sepsis discharges from 2005 to 2009. Hospitals were divided in quintiles by average cost per septic patient. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to compare mortality and length of stay (LOS) for each quintile by hospital cost, their size, location and organizational characteristics. Results: During 2005-09 period there were 1,093,686 sepsis discharges. Univariate analysis revealed that hospitals in higher cost quintiles admitted more non-white, male patients, who were younger but with more comorbidities, secondary diagnosis, failed organs and higher severity of disease. These hospitals were more likely to be large, urban and teaching facilities. Patients in these hospitals had more diagnostic and therapeutic procedures preformed. When comparing lowest and highest cost quintiles, hospital mortality increased from 13.2 +/- 0.5% to 25.1 +/- 0.4% and LOS from 5 +/- 0.2 days to 16.5 +/- 0.2 days. Hospitals in lower cost quintiles were more likely to transfer patients to another hospital (p for all comparisons < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis hospital mortality and LOS decreased during 2005-09 period. Younger age and higher income were associated with lower LOS and mortality. Higher severity of disease continued to be significantly associated with higher LOS and mortality. Large, urban and teaching hospitals had lower mortality and small hospitals had highest LOS and mortality (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: Outcomes in patients with sepsis depend on demographic and socioeconomic variables. In addition outcomes depend on size, location and organizational characteristic of hospitals. Identifying hospitals with best outcomes, lowest costs and analyzing processes implemented by these hospitals in care of septic patients could both improve outcomes and reduce costs in this population.
Frequency Multiplier and Mixer MMICs Based on a Metamorphic HEMT Technology Including Schottky Diodes (2020)

This paper reports on the monolithic integration of layout-optimized Schottky diodes realized in an established 50-nm gate-length metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistor technology for use in multifunctional nonlinear circuits. The suitability of the realized Schottky diodes is demonstrated by a broadband millimeter-wave I/Q-mixer (In-phase/Quadrature) and local oscillator (LO) chain comprising two power amplifiers and a frequency tripler, fabricated on monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). Both circuits are based on an anti-parallel Schottky diode topology. The subharmonically-pumped I/Q-mixer covers an RF (radio frequency) and IF (intermediate frequency) range of at least 75 GHz to 110 GHz and 0.5 GHz to 15 GHz, respectively. The single-sideband conversion loss is between 14 dB and 16 dB across most of the entire RF and IF bands. The core of the LO chain consists of a frequency tripler (multiplier by three) and features a bias-adjustable output power with almost constant conversion efficiency and a control range of more than 8 dB. The fully-integrated LO chain MMIC matches the needs of the presented I/Q-mixer and exhibits an average output power of 16.3 dBm with a covered frequency range of 38 GHz to 60 GHz. The unwanted harmonics are suppressed by at least -25.9 dBc below the third harmonic for the entire frequency range and better than -32.1 dBc for most part of the band. Thus, the mixer and tripler MMICs demonstrate state-of-the-art performance with regards to, e.g., covered bandwidth, output power, harmonic suppression, or 1 dB compression point.
Distinct patterns of gene expression in human cardiac fibroblasts exposed to rapamycin treatment or methionine restriction (2018)

Both methionine restriction and rapamycin treatment are robust longevity-enhancing regimens for which the mechanisms remain unclear. Cellular senescence is a major contributor to the aging process, and we find that both the methionine and rapamycin regimens delay or prevent activation of the senescence program in human cells. Using a transcriptome-wide analysis, we examined the impact of methionine restriction and rapamycin treatment on senescence-associated gene expression in human cardiac fibroblasts. Our findings have been integrated into gene expression data sets from human lung and skin fibroblasts during senescence. The data demonstrate both common and tissue-specific aspects to the senescent phenotype in these cell types. For example, cardiac fibroblasts express brain naturetic peptide, a clinically relevant marker for cardiac failure, whereas senescent cells from all three tissues express at least one of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins. The IGF-binding proteins are tissue-specific mediators of IGF-1, a growth factor required for proliferation of all tissues. These data suggest that senescent cells serve tissue-specific roles. Moreover, the prolongevity regimens produce distinct patterns of gene expression.
The impact of focused ion beam induced damage on scanning spreading resistance microscopy measurements (2020)

Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy is a well-established technique for obtaining quantitative two- and three-dimensional carrier profiles in semiconductor devices with sub-nm spatial resolution. However, for sub-100 nm devices, the use of focused ion beam becomes inevitable for exposing the region of interest on a sample cross section. In this work, we investigate the impact of the focused ion beam milling on spreading resistance analysis and we show that the electrical effect of the focused ion beam extends far beyond the amorphous region and depends on the dopant concentration, ion beam energy, impact angle, and current density. For example, for dopant concentrations between 1.0 × 10<sup>20</sup> and 1.5 × 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> we observe dopant deactivation at least between 23 and 175 nm for a glancing 30 keV ion beam. Further, we show that dopant deactivation is caused by defect diffusion during milling and is not directly impacted by the presence of Gallium in the sample. Later, we also discuss potential ways to mitigate these effects.
Tornado Damage Rating Probabilities Derived from WSR-88D Data (2017)

Abstract Previous work with observations from the NEXRAD (WSR-88D) network in the United States has shown that the probability of damage from a tornado, as represented by EF-scale ratings, increases as low-level rotational velocity increases. This work expands on previous studies by including reported tornadoes from 2014 to 2015, as well as a robust sample of nontornadic severe thunderstorms [≥1-in.- (2.54 cm) diameter hail, thunderstorm wind gusts ≥ 50 kt (25 m s−1), or reported wind damage] with low-level cyclonic rotation. The addition of the nontornadic sample allows the computation of tornado damage rating probabilities across a spectrum of organized severe thunderstorms represented by right-moving supercells and quasi-linear convective systems. Dual-polarization variables are used to ensure proper use of velocity data in the identification of tornadic and nontornadic cases. Tornado damage rating probabilities increase as low-level rotational velocity Vrot increases and circulation diameter decreases. The influence of height above radar level (or range from radar) is less obvious, with a muted tendency for tornado damage rating probabilities to increase as rotation (of the same Vrot magnitude) is observed closer to the ground. Consistent with previous work on gate-to-gate shear signatures such as the tornadic vortex signature, easily identifiable rotation poses a greater tornado risk compared to more nebulous areas of cyclonic azimuthal shear. Additionally, tornado probability distributions vary substantially (for similar sample sizes) when comparing the southeast United States, which has a high density of damage indicators, to the Great Plains, where damage indicators are more sparse.
Medial Deviation of the First Metatarsal Head as a Result of Flexion Forces in Hallux Valgus (1992)

Several questions with regard to the hallux valgus complex, which includes metatarsus primus varus, give rise to discussion. How do bunions develop? Is disturbed muscle balance at the first metatarsophalangeal joint important in the pathogenesis of the hallux valgus complex? What is the relation between dynamic plantar load distribution and pain in the ball of the foot? What is the cause of recurrences of deformity after surgery? To answer these questions, we started with the biomechanical model of Snijders et al., which states that contraction of flexor muscles of the hallux worsens its valgus angle and causes medial deviation of the first metatarsal head. The present study was designed to validate the model on patients. When pressing the hallux downward, simultaneously the force under the toe and the medial deviation of the first metatarsal head were measured on preoperative patients and on controls (35 subjects in all). We could demonstrate with statistical significance that (1) when the subjects with hallux valgus push the great toe on the ground, the first metatarsal head moved in medial direction; in other words the foot widened. In the controls, as an average, the foot became narrower. (2) The greater the valgus deviation of the hallux, the greater the effect of the toe flexors, and (3) the greater the valgus deviation of the hallux, the less maximal flexion force it can apply. Implications of these findings on conservative and surgical therapy are discussed. The recurrences of deformity after first metatarsal osteotomies are explained by the action of the hallux flexors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The ICAROS Registry of Carotid Artery Stenting (2001)

ICAROS (Imaging in Carotid Angioplasties and Risk Of Stroke) is a multicenter international registry of carotid artery stenting designed to determine the criteria for identifying patients at higher or lower risk of periprocedural stroke and restenosis at 1 year. The aim of the registry is to improve patient selection and consequently reduce the risk of cerebral embolization during carotid stenting. The registry is open to all interventionists performing carotid stenting, and the participants are free to apply their own endovascular techniques and devices, including cerebral protection mechanisms. All cerebral ischemic events following the procedure will be reported. Follow-up surveillance to 1 year will include periodic duplex scanning and neurological examinations. Echographic plaque images will be standardized for comparison, processed for echodensity, and analyzed by computer at the Registry Center. Correlation will be investigated between the echographic index (gray-scale median) and the risk of embolism and outcome of carotid stenting.
Supplementary Tables 1-2, Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Resistance to Radiotherapy and PD-L1 Blockade Is Mediated by TIM-3 Upregulation and Regulatory T-Cell Infiltration (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 â€" Effect of varying RT regimen and dose on survival when combined with anti PD-L1 in orthotopic Balb/c mice harboring LY2 tumors; Supplementary Table 2A â€" Effect of varying combinations of RT and dual immune checkpoint on survival in LY2 mice; Supplementary Figure 1 â€" Cibersort analysis of RNAseq data obtained from orthotopic LY2, MOC1 and MOC2 tumors. Supplementary Figure 2 â€" Tumor growth curves for (A) LY2 and (B) MOC2 tumors treated with anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIM-3 alone and in combination with RT; Supplementary Figure 3 â€" Analysis of relative abundance of mRNA transcript levels of genes involved in Treg differentiation and homing and effector T cell function from LY2 tumors harvested 1-week and 3-weeks after initiation of RT and anti-PD-L1 treatment; Supplementary Figure 4 â€" Analysis of patient samples with the Vectra immuno-fluorescence platform. Two patients with similar disease course but different outcomes were selected for analysis of immune cell profile (CD3, CD8, CD4, FoxP3, DAPI).&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Tables 1-7 from Combinatorial BCL2 Family Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells Predicts Clinical Response to Azacitidine/Venetoclax (2023)

&lt;p&gt;7 Tables showing: molecular and clinical patient data, cell line info, antibody panels and overview of assays used&lt;/p&gt;
Sequencing and expression of a cDNA for human glutathione synthetase (1995)

A human brain cDNA clone encoding glutathione synthetase (EC 6.3.2.3) has been sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein is 474 amino acids in length with a subunit molecular mass of 52,352 Da. The recombinant protein exhibits glutathione synthetase activity and occurs as a homodimer. The recombinant glutathione synthetase was purified to homogeneity and had a specific activity of 1.73 mumol/min per mg of protein, an isoelectric point of 5.35 and a pH optimum between 7.0 and 7.5. Southern blots of human genomic DNA hybridized with the glutathione synthetase cDNA revealed a relatively simple pattern of strongly hybridizing fragments, indicating the absence of a large gene family and suggesting that there may be only one glutathione synthetase gene in the human genome.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Dynamics in Healthcare Workers after mRNA Vaccination (2023)

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, maintaining healthcare worker (HCW) health and safety has been fundamental to responding to the global pandemic. Vaccination with mRNA-base vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has emerged as a key strategy in reducing HCW susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, however, neutralizing antibody responses subside with time and may be influenced by many variables. We sought to understand the dynamics between vaccine products, prior clinical illness from SARS-CoV-2, and incidence of vaccine-associated adverse reactions on antibody decay over time in HCWs at a university medical center. A cohort of 296 HCWs received standard two-dose vaccination with either bnt162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and were evaluated after two, six, and nine months. Subjects were grouped by antibody decay curve into steep antibody decliners gentle decliners. Vaccination with mRNA-1273 led to more sustained antibody responses compared to bnt162b2. Subjects experiencing vaccine-associated symptoms were more likely to experience a more prolonged neutralizing antibody response. Subjects with clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination were more likely to experience vaccination-associated symptoms after first vaccination and were more likely to have a more blunted antibody decay. Understanding factors associated with vaccine efficacy may assist clinicians in determining appropriate vaccine strategies in HCWs.
Carbon Nanotubes as Intracellular Transporters for Proteins and DNA: An Investigation of the Uptake Mechanism and Pathway (2005)

Endocytosis or not endocytosis: The pathway of the internalization of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) conjugates into mammalian cells was determined to be energy-dependent endocytosis through clathrin-coated pits.