gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of life (QoL) during first-line treatment with FOLFOX4 with or without panitumumab (pmab) in RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). (2015)

693 Background: The benefits of anti-cancer treatment must be balanced with the impact of adverse events on QoL. In the PRIME study, first-line pmab + FOLFOX4 significantly improved overall survival vs. FOLFOX4 in patients (pts) with RAS WT (KRAS/NRAS WT exons 2, 3 and 4) mCRC, but was associated with typical EGFR inhibitor adverse events. Here we report pre-specified tertiary QoL endpoints for pts with RAS WT mCRC. Methods: PRIME was a randomised open-label phase III study of first-line pmab 6.0 mg/kg Q2W + FOLFOX4 vs. FOLFOX4 in mCRC pts. QoL was assessed every 4 weeks until disease progression, and once at safety follow-up, using the EuroQoL 5-domain (EQ-5D) health state index (HSI) and overall health rating (OHR; 0–100 visual analogue scale). Differences were assessed from baseline to disease progression, and to discontinuation of first-line treatment, using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and a mixed-effect piecewise linear model. Analysis of QoL by skin toxicity severity is also planned. Results: 505 pts had RAS WT mCRC; overall compliance rates (evaluable vs. expected assessments) were 57% for both HSI and OHR. When analysed by ANCOVA there were no significant differences between the pmab + FOLFOX4 and FOLFOX4 arms from baseline to progression (Table) or to discontinuation. In the mixed-effect model, there were no significant differences between pmab + FOLFOX4 and FOLFOX4 in terms of HSI (overall test of difference between arms from baseline to discontinuation, p=0.2433; baseline to progression, p=0.5364) or OHR (p=0.1312 and 0.1290, respectively). Significant differences in favour of pmab + FOLFOX4 were reported in the baseline to discontinuation analysis at week 8 for HIS (p=0.0267) and OHR (0.0137) and week 12 for OHR (p=0.0187), and in the baseline to disease progression analysis at week 16 for OHR (p=0.0163) (Table). Conclusions: Addition of pmab to FOLFOX4 in first-line mCRC improves OS with no negative effect on overall QoL. Clinical trial information: NCT00364013. [Table: see text]
Comparison of analog and digitally evaluated volume of the female breast in reconstructive breast surgery. Validation of a noninvasive measurement method with 3D camera1 (2022)

3D surface imaging is a quick, effective, and convenient method to evaluate breast shape and volume. The accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of 3D surface imaging were comparable with MRI in our study.This takes us a step closer to the long-term goal of establishing robust instruments to plan breast reconstructive surgery, achieve better surgical results, and contribute to quality assurance in breast surgery.
Evaluation of Diverse Compiling for Software-Fault Detection (2015)

Although software fault prevention techniques improve continually, faults remain in every complex software system. Thus safety-critical embedded systems need mechanisms to tolerate software faults. Typically, these systems use static redundancy to detect hardware faults during operation. However, the reliability of a redundant system not only depends on the reliability of each version, but also on the dissimilarity between them. Thus, researchers have investigated ways to automatically add cost-efficient diversity to software to increase the efficiency of redundancy strategies. One of these automated software diversification methods is diverse compiling, which exploits the diversity introduced by different compilers and different optimization flags. Today, diverse compiling is used to improve the hardware fault tolerance and to avoid common defects from compilers. However, in this paper we show that diverse compiling also enhances the software fault tolerance by increasing the chance of finding defects in the source code of the executed software during runtime. More precisely, the memory is organized differently, when using different compilers and compiler flags. This enhances the chance of detecting memory-related software bugs, such as missing memory initialization, during runtime. Here we experimentally quantify the efficiency of diverse compiling for software fault tolerance and we show that diverse compiling can help to detect up to about 70% of memory-related software bugs.
Fungi as biocontrol agents: progress, problems and potential (2001)

<title>Abstract</title> This book presents topics on the development, improvement and commercialization of fungi for the biological control of pests, weeds and diseases which are of economic importance. Common themes such as production, formulation and application of technologies, biosafety, risk assessment and registration requirements are all covered. The book attempts to bring together scientists, industry and government agencies involved in all aspects of fungal biological control agents for the first time.
No evidence for direct incorporation of esterified palmitic acid from plasma into brain lipids of awake adult rat (1997)

Awake adult rats were given a solution of [9,10-3H]palmitate ([3H]PAM) by gavage. The appearance of radiolabel in plasma lipid fractions was monitored by thin-layer chromatography at fixed intervals thereafter. At 2 h, the rats were killed by microwave irradiation and radioactivity in whole brain and individual brain phospholipids was determined. In plasma, esterified [3H]PAM was mainly associated with triglyceride, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester. Radioactivity appeared to a larger extent in triglyceride than in unesterified fatty acid, suggesting that unesterified [3H]PAM in plasma was largely due to release from esterified [3H]PAM by lipoprotein lipase hydrolysis. Brain radioactivity could be accounted for entirely by incorporation of unesterified plasma [3H]PAM. Esterified [3H]PAM in chylomicrons or lipoproteins was calculated to make no measurable contribution using a published value for the incorporation coefficient of [3H]PAM into brain in the evaluation. These results suggest that ingested palmitic acid (PAM) in adult rats enters blood as esterified triglyceride within chylomicrons and lipoproteins and, in part, eventually is converted to circulating unesterified PAM. It is the circulating unesterified PAM that is incorporated into brain from blood, whereas esterified PAM within plasma chlomicrons and lipoproteins makes no measurable direct contribution.
Input-Parallel Output-Series DC-DC Boost Converter With a Wide Input Voltage Range, For Fuel Cell Vehicles (2017)

An input-parallel, output-series dc–dc Boost converter with a wide input voltage range is proposed in this paper. An interleaved structure is adopted in the input side of this converter to reduce input current ripple. Two capacitors are connected in series on the output side to achieve a high voltage gain. The operating principles and steady-state characteristics of the converter are presented and analyzed in this paper. A 400 V/1.6 kW prototype has been created which demonstrates that a wide range of voltage gain can be achieved by this converter and it is shown that the maximum efficiency of the converter is 96.62% and minimum efficiency is 94.14%. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed topology and its suitability for fuel cell vehicles.
The PID Controller Based on the Artificial Neural Network and the Differential Evolution Algorithm (2012)

The conventional PID (proportional-integral- derivative) controller is widely applied to industrial automation and process control field because its structure is sample and its robust is well, but it do not work well for nonlinear system, time-delayed linear system and time- varying system. This paper provides a new style of PID controller that is based on artificial neural network and evolutionary algorithm according to the conventional one's mathematical formula. The artificial neural network (ANN) is used to approach PID formula and the differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is used to search weight of the artificial neural network. This new controller is proven better control effect in the simulation test. This new controller has more advantages than the conventional one, such as less calculated load, faster global convergence speed, better robust, more independence and adaptability on the plant and independent of human intervention and expert experiences etc.
Liquid crystal templating of nano-calcium phosphates (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Liquid crystalline (LC) phases having water domains in the size range 5-10 nm can be used as templates for the formation of nanoscale calcium phosphates (CaPs). In the present study, LC phases have been utilized to synthesize amorphous calcium phosphates (ACP) with different morphologies. Furthermore, a controllable aging route has been performed on ACPs for the formation of bone-like apatite.
Beyond Gut Instinct: Metabolic Short-Chain Fatty Acids Moderate the Pathogenesis of Alphaherpesviruses (2019)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as sodium butyrate (SB), sodium propionate (SPr), and sodium acetate (SAc), are metabolic end-products of the fermentation of dietary fibers. They are linked with multiple beneficial effects on the general mammalian health, based on the sophisticated interplay with the host immune response. Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) is a major pathogen, which primarily replicates in the respiratory epithelium, and disseminates through the body via a cell-associated viremia in leukocytes, even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Infected monocytic CD172a+ cells and T-lymphocytes transmit EHV1 to the endothelium of the endometrium or central nervous system, causing reproductive or neurological disorders. Here, we questioned whether SCFA have a potential role in shaping the pathogenesis of EHV1 during the primary replication in the URT, during the cell-associated viremia, or at the level of the endothelium of the pregnant uterus and/or central nervous system. First, we demonstrated the expression of SCFA receptors, FFA2 and FFA3, within the epithelium of the equine respiratory tract, at the cell surface of immune cells, and equine endothelium. Subsequently, EHV1 replication was evaluated in the URT, in the presence or absence of SB, SPr, or SAc. In general, we demonstrated that SCFA do not affect the number of viral plaques or virus titer upon primary viral replication. Only SB and SPr were able to reduce plaque latitudes. Similarly, pretreatment of monocytic CD172a+ cells and T-lymphocytes with different concentrations of SCFA did not alter the number of infected cells. When endothelial cells were treated with SB, SPr, or SAc, prior to the co-cultivation with EHV1-inoculated mononuclear cells, we observed a reduced number of adherent immune cells to the target endothelium. This was associated with a downregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the presence of SCFA, which ultimately lead to a significant reduction of the EHV1 endothelial plaques. These results indicate that physiological concentrations of SCFA may affect the pathogenesis of EHV1, mainly at the target endothelium, in favor of the fitness of the horse. Our findings may have significant implications to develop innovative therapies, to prevent the devastating clinical outcome of EHV1 infections.
Deconvolution of in vivo ultrasound images (2002)

In an ultrasound image, the influence of the pulse and attenuation should be removed from the picture in order to display a more consistent and uniform image. The author describes an algorithm to remove the influence of the attenuated pulse on the image. The algorithm takes into account the varying pulse, noise in the acquired signal, and the changing reflectivity in the tissue. Both one- and two-dimensional processing can be implemented. The algorithm relies on prior knowledge of the pulse and of the covariance of the noise and the reflections. Algorithms to estimate these factors are given. Examples of 1-D deconvoluted pictures of phantom data and in vivo data are given. They show, especially for the phantom data, an increased contrast and resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gap random-phase lattice solitons (2005)

We theoretically study gap random-phase lattice solitons (gap-RPLSs) in nonlinear waveguide arrays with self-defocusing nonlinearity. We find that the intensity structure and statistical (coherence) properties of gap-RPLSs conform to the lattice periodicity, while their Floquet-Bloch power spectrum is multi-humped with peaks in the anomalous diffractions regions. It is shown that a gap-RPLS can be generated when a simple incoherent beam with bell-shaped power spectrum and single-hump intensity is launched at a proper angle into the waveguide array. The input incoherent beam evolves in the lattice while shedding off some radiation, and eventually attains the features of gap-RPLS.
GETTING THE MEASURE OF THE ELECTRONIC GAMES INDUSTRY: DEVELOPERS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION (2005)

The electronic games industry has grown within the space of a decade to a $40bn global industry. Yet, at least in the UK, the management of innovation in the software development sector reflects the industry's bedroom origins. Visits to major buyers in the US by UK games developers show that publishers increasingly require more sophisticated management procedures from developers, including that with respect to the management of innovation. This paper reports on the development of industry-specific indicators to be used in processes of innovation management, benchmarking innovation practices and performance within the framework of value chain analysis. This provides the sector with a framework for more routinised innovation practices, and is also of relevance to the management of innovation in other software-intensive sectors.
MR arthrography of the shoulder: rethinking traditional imaging procedures to meet the technical requirements of MR imaging guidance. (1997)

With consideration of the technical demands of MR imaging guidance for interventional procedures, MR imaging-guided arthrography of the shoulder is feasible. The traditional radiologic approach to the shoulder must be modified to provide adequate visualization of the needle. The anterosuperior approach meets this needs.
Experimental litterfall manipulation effects on soil bacterial community structure and soil carbon cycling in a wet tropical forest (2011)

Global changes such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations or climate change are likely to drive shifts in plant-derived carbon (C) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems via changes in litterfall and plant net primary production (NPP). However, the effects of shifting detrital C inputs on belowground microbial community function, C cycling and fluxes remain largely unknown, especially in tropical forest ecosystems. To investigate how shifts in bacterial community composition resulting from differences in C availability affect organic matter decomposition and how soil C pools and fluxes respond to shifts in C inputs, I utilized an in situ litter manipulation experiment in a tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. In one study, I assessed whether changes in bacterial community composition and diversity were related to changes in microbial community function. To do this I used bar-coded pyrosequencing and a series of laboratory incubations to test the potential functional significance of community shifts on organic matter decomposition. In another study, I assessed the effects of the litterfall manipulation on in situ dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluxes, internal C and nutrient cycling, and soil CO2 fluxes. The manipulation had clear effects on soil bacterial community composition but mixed effects on microbial community function. These results show that while resource-driven shifts in soil bacterial community composition have the potential to influence decomposition of specific C substrates, those differences may not translate to differences in mixed DOM decomposition rates in situ. In the second study, results showed that increasing and decreasing litterfall inputs drove rapid and significant shifts in belowground C cycling, suggesting that shifts in litterfall inputs in response to global environmental change could have important consequences for belowground C storage and fluxes in tropical rain forests. Furthermore, the observed responses highlight the potential for marked differences between tropical ecosystems and temperate ecosystems, where the effects of forest litter on belowground C cycling are typically much more subtle. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the strong potential impacts of shifts in plant-derived C inputs on C cycling and bacterial community structure while having complex effects on microbial community function.
Subspace-based estimation of frequency-selective channels for space-time block precoded transmissions (2002)

Space time coding has been by now well documented as an attractive means of achieving high data rate transmissions with high quality of service, provided that the underlying channels can be accounted for. We propose in this paper a (semi-) blind channel estimation algorithm that is suitable for space time (ST) block precoded transmissions over frequency-selective channels. We show that multi-channel identifiability is guaranteed up to only one scalar ambiguity regardless of channel zero locations. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of tracking slow channel variations.
Mechanism for iron control of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence system: Involvement of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein and modulation of DNA level (1992)

Iron controls luminescence in Vibrio fischeri by an indirect but undefined mechanism. To gain insight into that mechanism, the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and of modulation of DNA levels in iron control of luminescence were examined in V. fischeri and in Escherichia coli containing the cloned V. fischeri lux genes on plasmids. For V. fischeri and E. coli adenylate cyclase (cya) and CRP (crp) mutants containing intact lux genes (luxR luxICDABEG), presence of the iron chelator ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) (EDDHA) increased expression of the luminescence system like in the parent strains only in the cya mutants in the presence of added cAMP. In the E. coli strains containing a plasmid with a Mu dl(lacZ) fusion in luxR, levels of beta-galactosidase activity (expression from the luxR promoter) and luciferase activity (expression from the lux operon promoter) were both 2-3-fold higher in the presence of EDDHA in the parent strain, and for the mutants this response to EDDHA was observed only in the cya mutant in the presence of added cAMP. Therefore, cAMP and CRP are required for the iron restriction effect on luminescence, and their involvement in iron control apparently is distinct from the known differential control of transcription from the luxR and luxICDABEG promoters by cAMP-CRP. Furthermore, plasmid and chromosomal DNA levels were higher in E. coli and V. fischeri in the presence of EDDHA. The higher DNA levels correlated with an increase in expression of chromosomally encoded beta-galactosidase in E. coli and with a higher level of autoinducer in cultures of V. fischeri. These results implicate cAMP-CRP and modulation of DNA levels in the mechanism of iron control of the V. fischeri luminescence system.
Supplementary Data from Multi-center, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Randomized Study of Oral Toceranib Phosphate (SU11654), a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Dogs with Recurrent (Either Local or Distant) Mast Cell Tumor Following Surgical Excision (2023)

Supplementary Data from Multi-center, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Randomized Study of Oral Toceranib Phosphate (SU11654), a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Dogs with Recurrent (Either Local or Distant) Mast Cell Tumor Following Surgical Excision
Fast object recognition in noisy images using simulated annealing (2002)

A fast simulated annealing algorithm is developed for automatic object recognition. The object recognition problem is addressed as the problem of best describing a match between a hypothesized object and an image. The normalized correlation coefficient is used as a measure of the match. Templates are generated on-line during the search by transforming model images. Simulated annealing reduces the search time by orders of magnitude with respect to an exhaustive search. The algorithm is applied to the problem of how landmarks, e.g., traffic signs, can be recognized by a navigating robot. We illustrate the performance of our algorithm with real-world images of complicated scenes with traffic signs. False positive matches occur only for templates with very small information content. To avoid false positive matches, we propose a method to select model images for robust object recognition by measuring the information content of the model images. The algorithm works well in noisy images for model images with high information content.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Auckland Engineering Lifelines Project: Rain and Earthquake-Induced Slope Instability Hazard (1998)

The Auckland Engineering Lifelines Project (AELP) was initiated by Regional Government in 1996, with the primary objective of reducing the impact of known hazards on the lifeline services of the Auckland Region. Auckland's road network is one such critical (lifeline) utility. The study identifies areas of the Auckand Region susceptible to slope instability and liquefaction associated with a 2000 year scenario earthquake and 100 year scenario cyclone. Earthquake-Induced Damage Matrices were derived to provide a qualitative assessment of the vulnerability of services for planning purposes.
Data Mining of Pareto-Optimal Transonic Airfoil Shapes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (2010)

A new approach to extract useful design information from Pareto-optimal solutions of optimization problems is proposed and applied to an aerodynamic transonic airfoil shape optimization. The proposed approach enables an analysis of line, face, or volume data of all Pareto-optimal solutions such as shape and flow field by decomposing the data into principal modes and corresponding base vectors using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Analysis of the shape and surface pressure data of the Pareto-optimal solutions of an aerodynamic transonic airfoil shape optimization problem showed that the optimized airfoils can be categorized into two families (low drag designs and high lift designs), where the lift is increased by changing the camber near the trailing edge among the low drag designs while the lift is increased by moving the lower surface upward among the high lift designs.
Chromatographic signal processing for PAH in methanol solution (2015)

In this paper we describe two methods to estimate the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a methanol solution, from a gas chromatography analysis. We present an innovative stochastic forward model based on a molecular random walk. To infer on PAHs concentration profiles, we use two inversion methods. The first one is a Bayesian estimator using a MCMC algorithm and Gibbs sampling. The second one is a sparse representation method with non-negativity constraint on the mixture vector based on the decomposition of the signal on a dictionary of chromatographic impulse response functions as defined by the forward model. Some results provided by those two methods are finally shown with a comparison of the computational and the quantification performances.