gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex grammar in lesion-induced right-hemispheric language—A child-friendly fMRI paradigm (2013)

Aims: The developing brain's right hemisphere (RH) seems to compensate for pre-/perinatally left-hemispheric (LH) lesions by taking over the language function, usually localized in the LH. Recent linguistic investigations revealed subtle but robust deficits in the processing of complex syntax in children with RH language. The neurological correlate of complex syntax processing in these children is unclear.
Functional Constraint Extraction From Register Transfer Level for ATPG (2014)

The use of scan test patterns, generated at the gate level with automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tools in design simulation, was proposed in our previous work to improve verification quality. A drawback of this method is the potential presence of illegal (or unreachable) states (ISEs) causing unwanted behavior and false error detection in the verification process. In this brief, we present a new automated tool that helps overcome this problem. The tool extracts functional constraints at the register transfer level on a VHDL description (it can be easily adapted to any other hardware description language). The constraints extracted are used in the ATPG process to generate pseudofunctional scan test patterns which avoid the ISEs. The whole verification environment incorporating the proposed tool is presented. Experimental results show the tool impact on the reduction of false error detection in verification. In addition, it shows the verification quality improvements with the proposed environment in terms of coverage, time, and complexity.
Emergency related video streaming in VANET using network coding (2006)

Multimedia (e.g., video) information exchange in VANET, if feasible, will help enhance vehicle navigation safety. We show that network coding allows very reliable and efficient data dissemination and thus is suitable for multimedia safety information dissemination. If the vehicle column has gaps, network coding jointly with "data muling" on vehicles in the opposite direction can deliver the multimedia files to disconnected components faster than other known schemes.
Improved Recovery from Liver Fibrosis by Crenolanib (2021)

Chronic liver diseases are associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This so-called fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and impair vital functions of the liver. We examined whether the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) class III inhibitor Crenolanib affects the behavior of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) involved in fibrogenesis. Rats were treated with thioacetamide (TAA) for 18 weeks to trigger fibrosis. After TAA treatment, the animals received Crenolanib for two weeks, which significantly improved recovery from liver fibrosis. Because Crenolanib predominantly inhibits the RTK platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, impaired HSC proliferation might be responsible for this beneficial effect. Interestingly, blocking of RTK signaling by Crenolanib not only hindered HSC proliferation but also triggered their specification into hepatic endoderm. Endodermal specification was mediated by p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun-activated kinase (JNK) signaling; however, this process remained incomplete, and the HSC accumulated lipids. JNK activation was induced by stress response-associated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) in response to Crenolanib treatment, whereas β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling was able to counteract this process. In conclusion, the Crenolanib-mediated inhibition of RTK impeded HSC proliferation and triggered stress responses, initiating developmental processes in HSC that might have contributed to improved recovery from liver fibrosis in TAA-treated rats.
Response Prediction of Structural System Subject to Earthquake Motions using Artificial Neural Network (2007)

This paper uses Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to compute response of structural system subject to Indian earthquakes at Chamoli and Uttarkashi ground motion data. The system is first trained for a single real earthquake data. The trained ANN architecture is then used to simulate earthquakes with various intensities and it was found that the predicted responses given by ANN model are accurate for practical purposes. When the ANN is trained by a part of the ground motion data, it can also identify the responses of the structural system well. In this way the safeness of the structural systems may be predicted in case of future earthquakes without waiting for the earthquake to occur for the lessons. Time period and the corresponding maximum response of the building for an earthquake has been evaluated, which is again trained to predict the maximum response of the building at different time periods. The trained time period versus maximum response ANN model is also tested for real earthquake data of other place, which was not used in the training and was found to be in good agreement.
Co-doped Ni3S2@CNT arrays anchored on graphite foam with a hierarchical conductive network for high-performance supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution electrodes (2018)

Co-doped Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> nanostructures are coated on the surface of the 3D conductive CNTs array/graphite foam to form a hierarchical electrode.
Reactions of unsaturated fatty alcohols. I. Preparation and properties of some vinyl ethers (1956)

Summary A number of vinyl ethers of C 18 fatty alcohols have been prepared by reaction of the alcohol with acetylene at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a basic catalyst. Infrared spectroscopic data on long‐chain fatty alcohols, their vinyl ethers, and related chemical derivatives have been obtained. Methods of analysis of long‐chain vinyl ethers for vinyl group have been developed, namely, iodometric, hydroxylamine, and infrared methods. Preliminary experiments on the polymerization of long‐chain vinyl ethers with ionic catalysts were carried out.
T cell hybrids with arsonate specificity. I. Initial characterization of antigen-specific T cell products that bear a cross-reactive idiotype and determinants encoded by the murine major histocompatibility complex. (1980)

T cell hybrids have been constructed between the BW5147 thymoma cell line and A/J splenocytes from mice suppressed with the p-azophenylarsonte hapten. Three independently derived cloned lines have been chracterized. Each secretes or sheds a 62,000-dalton antigen-specific product bound by rabbit antisera directed against the arsonate cross-reactive idiotype. In addition, each of the antien-specific molecules contains determinants encoded within the I region of the murine major histocompatibility complex. Peptide mapping analysis indictes that, whereas these molecules are remarkably similar, each is individually distinct in primary structure. The availability of cloned T cell lines that produce antigen-specific idiotype-positive I region-containing products should facilitate a more thorough dissection of the interrelationships of T-B interctions in the arsonate idiotypic system.
Simultaneous improvement of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption by optimization of combustion chamber shape of a diesel engine (2017)

In order to achieve clean exhaust gas emissions and high fuel efficiency in diesel engines, a new combustion chamber concept called “egg-shaped piston bowl” was proposed and its effectiveness was validated by engine experiments using a single-cylinder research engine. Numerical simulations of combustion processes and exhaust gas emissions were carried out on different piston bowl geometries using GTT-CHEM code, which is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. In this code, a combustion model taking account of the auto-ignition process of a non-homogeneous mixture and a detailed phenomenological soot model was incorporated. In the detailed phenomenological soot model, particle inception from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, surface growth/oxidation and particle coagulation processes were considered. In addition, to investigate the soot formation characteristics with different piston bowl geometries, experimental measurements by the two-color method were conducted with a constant-volume vessel under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. As a result of the engine experiments and the numerical simulations, it was confirmed that simultaneous reduction in exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption was able to be achieved by the egg-shaped piston bowl concept.
A discrete-time multiresolution theory (1993)

Multiresolution analysis and synthesis for discrete-time signals is described. Concepts of scale and resolution are first reviewed in discrete time. The resulting framework allows one to treat the discrete wavelet transform, octave-band perfect reconstruction filter banks, and pyramid transforms from a unified standpoint. This approach is very close to previous work on multiresolution decomposition of functions of a continuous variable, and the connection between these two approaches is made. It is shown that they share many mathematical properties such as biorthogonality, orthonormality, and regularity. However, the discrete-time formalism is well suited to practical tasks in digital signal processing and does not require the use of functional spaces as an intermediate step.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Galvanic corrosion-effect of environmental and experimental variables (1998)

Galvanic corrosion behavior of A 516 steel coupled to alloy C-22 and Ti Gr-12, respectively was evaluated in an acidic brine (pH {approx} 2.75) at 30 C, 60 C and 80 C using zero resistance ammeter method. A limited number of experiments were also performed in a neutral brine involving A 516 steel/alloy C-22 couple. The steady-state galvanic current and galvanic potential were measured as functions of anode-to-cathode (A/C) area ratio and electrode distance. Results indicate that the galvanic current was gradually reduced as the A/C area ratio was increased. No systematic trend on the effect of A/C area ratio on the galvanic potential was observed. Also, no significant effect of electrode distance on the galvanic current and galvanic potential was evident. In general, increased galvanic current was noticed with increasing temperature. The limited data obtained in the neutral brine indicate that the galvanic current was reduced in this environment, compared to that in the acidic brine. Optical microscopic examination was performed on all tested specimens to evaluate the extent of surface damage resulting from galvanic interaction. A 516 steel suffered from general corrosion and crevice corrosion in all environments tested. Very light crevice corrosion mark was observed with alloy C-22 and Ti Gr-12 in the acidic brine at 60 C and 80 C. However, this mark appears to be a surface discoloration and no actual crevice was detected.
Cloud networking: An overview of virtual network embedding strategies (2013)

This paper is an overview of virtual network embedding strategies within cloud infrastructure backbone networks. We will first of all summarise and define the main principles of cloud computing and its different supplied services. Then, we will describe the cloud infrastructure architecture, named the Totally Virtualized Cloud Infrastructure (TVCI), which makes use of virtualization in all the cloud's equipment (i.e., backbone and data centers). Afterwards, we will describe, analyse, and compare the main virtual network mapping algorithms for cloud infrastructure networks found in existing literature. We will evaluate the above strategies in terms of: i) virtual network request reject rate, ii) embedding cost of virtual network request, iii) embedding revenue of virtual network request and iv) average usage rate of physical resources.
Toxicity Pathway Focused Gene Expression Profiling of PEI-Based Polymers for Pulmonary Applications (2010)

Polyethylene imine (PEI) based polycations, successfully used for gene therapy or RNA interference in vitro as well as in vivo, have been shown to cause well-known adverse side effects, especially high cytotoxicity. Therefore, various modifications have been developed to improve safety and efficiency of these nonviral vector systems, but profound knowledge about the underlying mechanisms responsible for the high cytotoxicity of PEI is still missing. In this in vitro study, we focused on stress and toxicity pathways triggered by PEI-based vector systems to be used for pulmonary application and two well-known lung toxic particles: fine crystalline silica (CS) and nanosized ZnO (NZO). The cytotoxicity profiles of all stressors were investigated in alveolar epithelial-like type II cells (LA4) to define concentrations with matching toxicity levels (cell viability >60% and LDH release <10%) for subsequent qRT-PCR-based gene array analysis. Within the first 6 h pathway analysis revealed for CS an extrinsic apoptotic signaling (TNF pathway) in contrast to the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial signaling) which was induced by PEI 25 kDa after 24 h treatment. The following causative chain of events seems conceivable: reactive oxygen species derived from particle surface toxicity triggers TNF signaling in the case of CS, whereby endosomal swelling and rupture upon endocytotic PEI 25 kDa uptake causes intracellular stress and mitochondrial alterations, finally leading to apoptotic cell death at higher doses. PEG modification most notably reduced the cytotoxicity of PEI 25 kDa but increased proinflammatory signaling on mRNA and even protein level. Hence in view of the lung as a sensitive target organ this inflammatory stimulation might cause unwanted side effects related to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. Thus further optimization of the PEI-based vector systems is still needed for pulmonary application.
Thermoelectric Performance of Lead-Free Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Featuring Conjugated Ligands (2021)

Sn-based halide perovskites are promising for thermoelectric (TE) device applications because of their high electrical conductivity as well as the low thermal conductivity associated with their soft lattices. However, conventional three-dimensional Sn-based perovskites are not stable under typical TE device operating conditions. Here, we report a stable two-dimensional Sn-based perovskite for thermoelectric energy conversion by incorporating bulky conjugated ligands. We demonstrate a thin film with a large power factor of 5.42 ± 3.07 (average) and 7.07 (champion) μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> at 343 K with an electrical conductivity of 5.07 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and a Seebeck coefficient of 118.1 μV K<sup>-1</sup>. Importantly, these thin films show excellent operational stability (i.e., for over 100 h) at 313 K. This work suggests that the novel hybrid two-dimensional perovskites are a promising platform for thermoelectric energy conversion applications.
Compressive sensing off the grid (2012)

We consider the problem of estimating the frequency components of a mixture of s complex sinusoids from a random subset of n regularly spaced samples. Unlike previous work in compressive sensing, the frequencies are not assumed to lie on a grid, but can assume any values in the normalized frequency domain [0, 1]. We propose an atomic norm minimization approach to exactly recover the unobserved samples, which is then followed by any linear prediction method to identify the frequency components. We reformulate the atomic norm minimization as an exact semidefinite program. By constructing a dual certificate polynomial using random kernels, we show that roughly s log s log n random samples are sufficient to guarantee the exact frequency estimation with high probability, provided the frequencies are well separated. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our approach avoids the basis mismatch issue arising from discretization by working directly on the continuous parameter space. Potential impact on both compressive sensing and line spectral estimation, in particular implications in sub-Nyquist sampling and superresolution, are discussed.
Water availability influences thermal safety margins for leaves (2021)

Abstract One application of plant physiological heat tolerance measurements is the assessment of vulnerability to increasing environmental temperatures under climatic change. A thermal safety margin (TSM), the difference between physiological tolerance and environmental temperature, is a common metric for the assessment of plant thermal vulnerability. However, there are biological and methodological aspects to consider when evaluating thermal vulnerability that have the potential to substantially alter the assessments. Two such aspects include the leaf to air temperature relationship and the scale at which air temperature data are collected. We grew plants of a desert species, Myoporum montanum , in situ under water‐stressed and well‐watered conditions, and measured their leaf temperatures and photosynthetic heat tolerance ( T 50 threshold) every third day over 12 days in summer. Thermal safety margins were calculated based on leaf temperatures and compared to those calculated with local and regional air temperatures. We found that heat tolerance and the thermal vulnerability assessment of a plant changed with water status. When water was readily available, plants maintained wide leaf temperature safety margins and displayed partial homeothermy. When cooling via transpiration was limited, increasing leaf temperature corresponded with occurrences of leaf poikilo‐ and megathermy, higher heat tolerance and narrower safety margins. Our study shows high physiological heat thresholds are not necessarily reflective of wide safety margins, but instead can indicate a greater vulnerability and increased risk of heat stress exposure. Calculating TSMs using air temperatures can also substantially alter margin widths. Where possible, the use of leaf temperatures in assessments of thermal vulnerability will lead to more meaningful vulnerability assessments. We recommend considering the source and temporal pairing of temperature measurements as well as plant water status, when measuring and interpreting plant TSMs. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Estimated Association Constants for Some Complexes of Trace Metals with Inorganic Ligands (1977)

Abstract Chemical equilibrium studies of trace metals in soils by an ion‐association model require reliable data on thermodynamic association constants for various metal‐ligand complexes. Therefore, available experimental data at 25°C were compiled for complexes of the transition metal cations Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Nl 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ with the ligands CO 3 2‐ , HCO 3 ‐ , SO 4 2‐ , HSO 4 ‐ , PO 4 3‐ , HPO 4 2‐ , H 2 PO 4 ‐ , Cl ‐ , and OH ‐ . However, experimental values of the thermodynamic association constants for many of the complexes were not available. This lack of information was alleviated by employing the theoretical model of Kester and Pytkowicz and the semiempirical models of Nieboer and McBryde, and Van Panthaleon Van Eck to make estimates of the as yet unmeasured association constants. These estimated constants were tabulated in a compact form along with the experimental values. This compilation of 100 association constants, although provisional, should prove helpful in a variety of studies on trace metal equilibria in soils until more reliable experimental data become available.
All‐trans retinoic acid ameliorates hepatic stellate cell activation via suppression of thioredoxin interacting protein expression (2017)

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the effector factor of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Accumulating evidence suggests that retinoic acids (RAs), derivatives of vitamin A, contribute to prevention of liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis, however, regulatory mechanisms of RAs still remain exclusive. To elucidate RA signaling pathway, we previously performed a genome-wide screening of RA-responsive genes by in silico analysis of RA-response elements, and identified 26 RA-responsive genes. We found that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), which inhibits antioxidant activity of thioredoxin (TRX), was downregulated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In the present study, we demonstrate that ATRA ameliorates activation of HSCs through TXNIP suppression. HSC activation was attenuated by TXNIP downregulation, whereas potentiated by TXNIP upregulation, indicating that TXNIP plays a crucial role in activation of HSCs. Notably, we showed that TXNIP-mediated HSC activation was suppressed by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In addition, ATRA treatment or downregulation of TXNIP clearly declined oxidative stress levels in activated HSCs. These data suggest that ATRA plays a key role in inhibition of HSC activation via suppressing TXNIP expression, which reduces oxidative stress levels.
File access prediction with adjustable accuracy (2003)

We describe a novel on-line file access predictor, Recent Popularity, capable of rapid adaptation to workload changes while simultaneously predicting more events with greater accuracy than prior efforts. We distinguish the goal of predicting the most events accurately from the goal of offering the most accurate predictions (when declining to Offer a prediction is acceptable). For this purpose we present two distinct measures of accuracy, general and specific accuracy, corresponding to these goals. We describe how our new predictor and an earlier effort, Noah, can trade the number of events predicted for prediction accuracy by modifying simple parameters. When prediction accuracy is strictly more important than the number of predictions offered, trace-based evaluation demonstrates error rates as low as 2%, while offering predictions for more than 60% of all file access events.
A family of polypeptide substrates and inhibitors of insulin receptor kinase (1990)

Previous studies have shown that reduced carbamoylmethylated lysozyme (RCAM-lysozyme, MW approximately 14.5K) is a substrate and inhibitor (Ki approximately 0.6 microM) of insulin receptor kinase (InsRK) autophosphorylation (Kohanski & Lane, 1986; Lane & Kohanski, 1986). In this study we have prepared a family of defined modified derivatives of RCAM-lysozyme and used them to probe the nature of the substrate and inhibitory sites of InsRK. All open-chain derivatives of lysozyme in which either the tryptophanyl, methionyl, cysteinyl, arginyl, or histidyl side chains were modified served as substrates and were potent inhibitors of InsRK autophosphorylation. This was true whether the substitutions were either hydrophilic or hydrophobic, although the hydrophilic derivatives had a higher inhibitory potency. Tryptic peptides derived from RCAM-lysozyme, however, were inactive as inhibitors, and a mixture of the three cyanogen bromide fragments (containing 12, 24, and 93 amino acids, respectively) was found to be less potent in inhibiting the receptor kinase. Derivatization of either tyrosyl or carboxyl side chains produced derivatives that were neither substrates nor capable of inhibiting receptor autophosphorylation. Derivatives with modified amino groups were substrates for InsRK but were not able to inhibit InsRK autophosphorylation. The present study suggests that (a) unphosphorylated InsRK has a large hydrophilic substrate binding domain and is effectively inhibited by long-chain polypeptides but not by short sequences, (b) some of the amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyphenyl side chains are essential to the inhibitory nature of these polypeptides, and (c) derivatives that fail to inhibit autophosphorylation can still be recognized and phosphorylated by active InsRK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)