gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A spectroscopic study of strain-balanced InGaAs/GaAsP quantum well structures as absorber materials for hot carrier solar cells (2012)

In this thesis, five intrinsic loss mechanisms which fundamentally limit solar energy conversion efficiency are identified. The three dominant mechanisms are thermalisation loss, below Eg loss and Boltzmann loss. Targeting these three losses through alternative device design is the only way substantial efficiency enhancement might be achieved. The hot carrier solar cell targets these dominant mechanisms and hence has a theoretical limiting efficiency, under maximum solar concentration, in excess of 80%. Despite clear efficiency advantages, a hot carrier solar cell has never been experimentally demonstrated because two key development challenges remain: energy selective contacts and absorber materials which maintain a hot carrier distribution under realistic levels of incident solar irradiation. In this study, strain-balanced InGaAs/GaAsP QW structures with a range of QW parameters were characterised spectroscopically in order to determine the suitability of this material system as a hot carrier absorber. In a deep, wide well sample, a temperature gradient between the carrier distribution and the surrounding lattice of 150 K was demonstrated using continuous wave photoluminescence spectroscopy. This technique was also used to calculate a thermalisation coefficient for each sample, allowing for comparison with other hot carrier studies. Time resolved photoluminescence measurements were used to identify cooling pathways occurring in this material system. Bi-exponential cooling behaviour was observed, indicating that two different mechanisms with different characteristic cooling lifetimes were dominating carrier cooling. In the deep, wide well sample it was determined that peak LO phonon distribution temperatures of at least 500 K above that of the surrounding lattice would be required to produce the observed carrier cooling.
Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Stem Cells (2011)

The last decade witnessed an explosion of interest in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The realization of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) as a CSC-related disease has the potential to change approaches in the treatment of this devastating disease dramatically. The etiology and early events in the progression of these carcinomas are among the least understood of all major human malignancies. Compared to the CSCs of other cancer types, the identification and study of EOC stem cells (EOCSCs) is rather difficult due to several major obstacles: the heterogeneity of tumors comprising EOCs, unknown cells of origin, and lack of knowledge considering the normal ovarian stem cells. This poses a major challenge for urgent development in this research field. This review summarizes and evaluates the current evidence for the existence of candidate normal ovarian epithelial stem cells as well as EOCSCs, emphasizing the requirement for a more definitive laboratory approach for the isolation, identification, and enrichment of EOCSCs. The present review also revisits the ongoing debate regarding other cells and tissues of origin of EOCs, and discusses early events in the pathogenesis of this disease. Finally, this review discusses the signaling pathways that are important regulators of candidate EOCSC maintenance and function, their potential role in the distinct pathogenesis of different EOC subtypes, as well as potential mechanisms and clinical relevance of EOCSC involvement in drug resistance.
Penicillamine and wound healing in young guinea pigs (1967)

International Abstracts of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Surgical Management: Wound Healing: PDF Only
The osteoclast generation: an in vitro and in vivo study with a genetically labelled avian monocytic cell line (1996)

Osteoclasts are multinucleate giant cells responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclast precursors are hematopoietic mononucleate cells, which give rise to osteoclasts after fusion. Nevertheless, the precise stage of differentiation where osteoclast precursors diverge from other hematopoietic lineages is still debated. We describe here both in vitro and in vivo approaches to the study of the osteoclast differentiation pathway. We used cells of the BM2 avian monocytic cell line, which are able to differentiate into macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. In order to follow the progeny of BM2 monocytes, we have derived a BM2 cell clone expressing the nlslacZ gene (BM2nlslacZ) which has still retained the main features of the parental cell line. In vitro, when BM2nlslacZ cells were triggered toward macrophages, they participated in the formation of multinucleate osteoclast-like cells as seen by their blue nuclei. Furthermore, when BM2nlslacZ cells were injected into the blood stream of chicken embryos, they could give rise to blue nucleate macrophages in the bone marrow, as well as to osteoclasts with blue nuclei in bone. Finally, we have shown that fusion of tagged mononucleate precursor cells not only occurs with other mononucleate precursor cells but also with mature multinucleate osteoclasts. This work shows that cells already engaged in the late stages of the monocytic differentiation pathway are able to differentiate into osteoclasts and that osteoclast divergence takes place after the monocyte stage.
An Analysis of Engineering Faculty Patterns of Usage of Library Resources on a Small Commuter University Campus (2016)

It has been routinely observed that the engineering and technology faculty at our campus do not make significant use of library services in order to search for background material supporting their research and teaching activities. A study was conducted within the engineering and technology faculty using a survey to gather information about faculty search activities, library service usage patterns, and opinions of whether faculty members would like to use the services of the university reference librarian. The analysis of the results of the survey found that almost all the faculty accumulate background research material by performing independent online searches. However, it was also learned that they would unanimously like to use the resources of a reference librarian for their search activities, even though they currently do not. These conclusions led us to propose a process for enhanced outreach from the library and the design of a web-based form for easy request of searches from a reference librarian for the faculty's research and teaching activities.
Hydroxide-ion binding to nonionic interfaces in aqueous solution (2006)

The mechanism of hydroxide ion binding to nonionic surfaces is explored by variation of the properties of the water-aggregate interface and by variation of the type of the aggregate.
Imaging Brain Oxygenation with MRI Using Blood Oxygenation Approaches: Methods, Validation, and Clinical Applications (2012)

In many pathophysiologic situations, including brain neoplasms, neurodegenerative disease, and chronic and acute ischemia, an imbalance exists between oxygen tissue consumption and delivery. Furthermore, oxygenation changes following a stress challenge, such as with carbogen gas or acetazolamide, can yield information about cerebrovascular reactivity. The unique sensitivity of the BOLD effect to the presence of deoxyhemoglobin has led to its widespread use in the field of cognitive neurosciences. However, the high spatial and temporal resolution afforded by BOLD imaging does not need to be limited to the study of healthy brains. While the complex relationship between the MR imaging signal and tissue oxygenation hinders a direct approach, many different methods have been developed during the past decade to obtain specific oxygenation measurements. These include qBOLD, phase- and susceptibility-based imaging, and intravascular T2-based approaches. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the theoretic basis of these methods as well as their application to measure oxygenation in both healthy subjects and those with disease.
Biological Uptake and Depuration of Carbon Nanotubes by Daphnia magna (2009)

It is inevitable that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will be released to and widely dispersed in environmental ecosystems, given their numerous expected applications. Determination of their potential for bioaccumulation by ecological receptors is thus critical. Previous, research involving several different terrestrial and benthic organisms has indicated that CNTs spiked to soils or sediments do not bioaccumulate. Conversely, we report here distinctly different uptake and depuration behaviors for an aquatic organism, Daphnia magna, in a water-only system. After 48 h of exposure of this organism to a 0.4 microg/mL solution of dispersed nanotubes, the CNTs comprised 6.3 +/- 1.5% of the residual organism dry mass. Moreover, these organisms were unable to excrete the nanotubes to either clean artificial freshwater or filtered Lake Kontiolampi water after 24 h depuration periods, even though the lake water had a substantial concentration of natural organic matter. Addition of algae to the water during the depuration period did result however in release of a significant fraction (approximately 50-85%) of the accumulated CNTs within the first few hours, but little thereafter. Light microscopy results suggest that the vast majority of the accumulated CNTs remained in the organisms' guts and were not absorbed into cellular tissues.
Spatial analysis of spike-timing-dependent LTP and LTD in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices using optical imaging (2004)

Spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) were investigated in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices using optical imaging. A pair of electrical pulses were used to stimulate the Schaffer-commissural collateral and the stratum oriens with various sets of relative timing (tau) between the two stimuli. These sets of paired pulses gave rise to LTP/LTD, whose induction was closely related to tau, and their profiles were classified into two types depending on their layer specific location along the dendrite. One was characterized by a symmetric time window observed in the proximal region of the stratum radiatum (SR) and the other by an asymmetric time window in the distal region of the SR. Bath application of bicuculline (gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA] receptor antagonist) to hippocampal slices revealed that GABAergic interneuron projections were responsible for the symmetry of a time window.
Sensory Supported FES Control in Gait Training of Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Persons (2005)

Sensory supported electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve during treadmill walking is proposed as a gait-training modality in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. A multisensor device provides information on the tilt of the shank during gait. The information provided significantly improves the triggering instant of the electrical stimulation. Simultaneously, swing-phase estimation serves as a reference to determine the required motor augmentation support. Both approaches, as well as triggering using intensity control of the functional electrical stimulation were applied on a healthy person and on an incomplete C4-5 SCI patient.
From the summation-by-parts algorithm to pi (2005)

The summation-by-parts algorithm has been introduced as a simple way of accelerating the convergence of some series arising in the modal evaluation of Green's functions in waveguides and cavities. It can be considered to be a discrete equivalent of the classical integration-by-parts technique, whence the name. An evaluation of the real improvement that this procedure introduces in electromagnetic problems is not easy, and is frequently obscured by many other factors intervening in the same problem. In this short paper, a simpler way of formulating the algorithm is first introduced. Then, the performance of the summation-by-parts procedure is clearly stated by applying it to one of the most basic problems in numerical mathematics: the evaluation of the transcendental number, Pi
Enhanced Adaptive Geographic Opportunistic Routing with Interference Avoidance Assisted with Mobile Sinks for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (2018)

Acoustic communication in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is limited due to distinctive attributes including communication channel high latency, multi-path fading and exponential degrading on signal due to dynamic noise characteristics. Inappropriate selection of forwarder node leads to dramatic death due to inefficient, unbalanced energy depletion that results in creation of void hole for neighboring nodes. In most of scenarios, forwarder nodes are over penalized by selecting same node all the time. Enhanced adaptive mechanism is proposed to cater over penalization of forwarder node by adaptively lowering the priority of node gradually along with residual energy. Proposed routing protocols are based on geoopportunistic routing paradigm based on interference avoidance which is assisted by mobile sinks. More specific and unified routing decisions are formed by dividing the whole network field into cubes. Forwarder nodes are elected on geographic location of neighboring cubes depending on packet delivery probability. Void node recovery mechanism is also proposed and evaluated by deploying mobile sink to directly gather data from void nodes. Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed work. Simulations prove that proposed work significantly increases packet delivery and decrease fraction of void nodes.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Sulfides by Electrophilic Thiolation of Non‐functionalized (Hetero)arenes (2018)

This article reports the efficient preparation of a series of unsymmetrically substituted thioethers through a two-step procedure consisting of an initial metal-free C-H sulfenylation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes with newly prepared succinylthioimidazolium salts. Subsequent reaction of the arylthioimidazolium intermediates with Grignard reagents afford the desired thioethers. The synthetic protocol described is modular, scalable, and high yielding, and provides access to sulfides that are not easy to obtain through the existing methodologies. Importantly, no prefunctionalization of the initial (hetero)arene is required.
3277 Improvement of accuracy in internal grinding with shape modification on high aspect ratio wheel (2011)

In an internal grinding, the stiffness of wheel spindle is not so high because of its small diameter. So the elastic deformation of wheel spindle becomes large. In this reason, the dimensional accuracy of workpiece worsens in internal grinding with a high aspect-ratio. To solve this problem, in this study, the shape of the grinding wheel is modified by the single crystal diamond tool. A grinding test with the formed wheel is carried out and the shape of the workpiece is measured. It is conformed that the shape error of the workpiece ground with the formed wheel is significantly improved.
[Present situation in preanalytical sample care--from the results of a questionnaire survey in Fukushima Prefecture]. (1991)

A questionnaire on the preanalytical problems including blood sampling, sample care and transportation was sent to members of the Fukushima Association of Medical Technologists in 118 hospitals. Answers were received from 88 institutions. In more than 90% of the hospitals, blood sampling and transportation of specimens were carried out by nurses. Bleeding from the hospitalized patients was routinely performed early in the morning starting as early as at 5 AM in 40%, at 6 AM in 42% and at 7 AM in 7% of the hospitals. After bleeding, samples for blood cell counting and coagulation studies were transported immediately to the laboratories in 27% and 42% of the institutions respectively. However, blood samples for biochemical analyses and urine samples were stored at room temperature, and the average time until the start of analysis was suggested to be 3 to 4 hours. In the course of this survey and discussion, the importance of preanalytical quality control was better recognized by laboratory staff. Better communication among laboratory staff, nurse, and doctor will improve the preanalytical quality control.
Densification of fused silica under 193-nm excitation (1997)

The experimental fact that fused silica undergoes densification upon prolonged exposure to high-energy radiation is well documented. About 25 years ago, Primak Kampwirth [J. Appl. Phys.39, 5651 (1968)] reported extensive densification results in SiO2 obtained with neutron, electron, and γ-ray exposures. More recently, results from experiments with pulsed deep-ultraviolet exposures have been reported. We report here our experimental results and analysis of the densification of Corning HPFS™ materials under 193-nm exposure. The densification δρ/ρ induced by the radiation was obtained from interferometric and birefringence measurements with the aid of a finite-element analysis. The use of such analysis is necessary to obtain the laser-induced densification independent of sample size, geometry, irradiation pattern, and intensity profile of the exposure beam. In our case the sample was 10 mm × 15 mm × 20 mm irradiated across the 10-mm face with a 5-mm apertured Gaussian beam in the 15-mm direction. The birefringence and wave-front distortion were measured off line as a function of number of pulses for distinct values of fluence per pulse. We found that the derived densification follows a universal function of the dose, defined as the product of the number of pulses and the square of the fluence per pulse. In fact, it follows the same functional form as that previously determined by Primak in his high-energy-exposure study. This strongly suggests that the laser-induced densification mechanism involves the optically induced weakening of bonds and subsequent relaxation.
Selective Photo-Cross-Linking of 2′-O-Psoralen-Conjugated Oligonucleotide with Rnas Having Point Mutations (2007)

It has been reported that point mutations in genes are responsible for various cancers and the selective regulation of the gene expression is an important issue to develop a new type of anticancer drugs. In this report, we present a new type of antisense molecule that photo-cross-links to an oligoribonucleotide having a point mutation site in a sequence specific manner. 2'-O-psoralen-conjugated adenosine was synthesized in four steps from adenosine and introduced in the middle of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide (2'-Ps-oligo). Compared with 5'-O-psoralen-conjugated oligodeoxyribonucleotide (5'-Ps-oligo), which has a psoralen at the 5'-end, 2'-Ps-oligo more selectively photo-cross-linked to a pyrimidine base of the site of alteration from purine to pyrimidine in the oligoribonucleotide.
Oral Sorbents for Acidic Substances in Uremic Toxins. (1995)

Dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), modified by chitosan coating (chitosanDAC) and iron chitosan complex, developed as oral sorbents for urea and phosphate removal, were reported in previous papers. In this paper, chitosanDAC, iron chitosancomplex and chitosan were tested for removal of uric acid, quinolinic acid, trans-aconitic acid and 2, 5-furan dicarboxylic acid, which are main acidic substances existed in uremic toxins. In-vitro experiments have shown that chitosanDAC and chitosan remove these acidic substances by adsorption in high rate and capacity. Chronic renal failure rats were fed on the standard diet with or without chitosanDAC (5 % content)for about two months. Rats received chitosanDAC showed 8 % decrease of blood uric acid compared with rats received the normal diet.
Proving time bounds for randomized distributed algorithms (1994)

A method of analyzing time bounds for randomized distributed algorithms is presented, in the context of a new and general framework for describing and reasoning about randomized algorithms. The method consists of proving auxiliary statements of the form U (t)-&gt;(p) U', which means that whenever the algorithm begins in a state in set U, with probability p, it will reach a state in set U' within time t. The power of the method is illustrated by its use in proving a constant upper bound on the expected time for some process to reach its critical region, in Lehmann and Rabin's Dining Philosophers algorithm.
Chromatograph of samples with ARX 24dup mutation (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "XLMR in MRX families 29, 32, 33 and 38 results from the dup24 mutation in the ARX (Aristaless related homeobox) gene"BMC Medical Genetics 2005;6():16-16.Published online 25 Apr 2005PMCID:PMC1142315.Copyright © 2005 Stepp et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Lane 17 is the 50–500 bp ladder lanes. Lane 14 is a normal control. Lane 3 is an affected male from MRX29. Lane 4 is an affected male from MRX32. Lane 5 is an affected male from MRX33. Lane 6 is a female carrier from MRX38. Lane 7 is a male with (GCG)10+7 ARX mutation. Lane 8 is an affected male with a known dup24 mutation and Lane 9 is a female carrier with the dup24 mutation.
Perception of Game-Based Rehabilitation in Upper Limb Prosthetic Training: Survey of Users and Researchers (2020)

We found that the respondents not only showed a general willingness and tentative optimism toward the topic but also acknowledged hurdles limiting the adoption of these games by both clinics and users. The results indicate a noteworthy difference between researchers and people with limb difference in their game preferences, which could lead to design choices that do not represent the target audience. Furthermore, focus on long-term in-home experiments is expected to shed more light on the validity of games in upper limb prosthetic rehabilitation.
Efficient terahertz wave generation from GaP crystals pumped by chirp-controlled pulses from femtosecond photonic crystal fiber amplifier (2014)

A chirp-tunable femtosecond 10 W, 42 MHz photonic-crystal-fiber oscillator-amplifier system that is capable of delivering sub-60 fs light pulses at 1040 nm is used to demonstrate high-efficiency terahertz radiation generation via optical rectification in GaP crystals only a few millimeters in length. The optimization of the chirp of the fiber-laser pulses is shown to radically enhance the terahertz output, indicating one possible way to more efficiently use these extended nonlinear crystals in compact fiber-pumped terahertz radiation sources.
Characterization of fast dynamic evolution of ferroelectric domains in KTiOPO4 by digital holography (2006)

Characterization of fast dynamic evolution of ferroelectric domains in KTiOPO4 by digital holography
Generating Views Using Atmospheric Correction for Contrastive Self-supervised Learning of Multi-spectral Images (2022)

&lt;p&gt;In remote sensing, plenty of multi-spectral images are publicly available from various landcover satellite missions. Contrastive self-supervised learning is commonly applied to unlabeled data but relies on domain-specific transformations used for learning. When focusing on vegetation, standard transformations from image processing cannot be applied to the NIR channel, which carries valuable information about the vegetation state. Therefore, we use contrastive learning, relying on different views of unlabelled, multi-spectral images to obtain a pre-trained model to improve the accuracy scores on small-sized remote sensing datasets. This study presents the generation of additional views tailored to remote sensing images using atmospheric correction as an alternative transformation to color jittering. The purpose of the atmospheric transformation is to provide a physically consistent transformation. The proposed transformation can be easily integrated with multiple channels to exploit spectral signatures of objects. Our approach can be applied to other remote sensing tasks. Using this transformation leads to improved classification accuracy of up to 6%.&lt;/p&gt;