gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expanding the Capabilities of the JPL Electronic Nose for an International Space Station Technology Demonstration (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An array-based sensing system based on polymer-carbon composite conductometric sensors is under development at JPL for use as an environmental monitor in the International Space Station. Sulfur dioxide has been added to the analyte set for this phase of development. Using molecular modeling techniques, the interaction energy between SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and polymer functional groups has been calculated, and polymers selected as potential SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; sensors. Experiment has validated the model and two selected polymers have been shown to be promising materials for SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; detection.&lt;/div&gt;
Why is nonvolatile ferroelectric memory field-effect transistor still elusive? (2002)

In principle, a memory field-effect transistor (FET) based on the metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor gate stack could be the building block of an ideal memory technology that offers random access, high speed, low power, high density and nonvolatility. In practice, however, so far none of the reported ferroelectric memory transistors has achieved a memory retention time of more than a few days, a far cry from the ten-year retention requirement for a nonvolatile memory device. This work will examine two major causes of the short retention (assuming no significant mobile ionic charge motion in the ferroelectric film): 1) depolarization field and 2) finite gate leakage current. A possible solution to the memory retention problem will be suggested, which involves the growth of single-crystal, single domain ferroelectric on Si. The use of the ferroelectric memory transistor as a capacitor-less DRAM cell will also be proposed.
El mantenimiento en la confiabilidad y disponibilidad de un sistema de generación de vapor (2011)

Resumen es: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revelar y agrupar los principales hallazgos de seguridad detectados en Sistemas de Generacion de Vapor, SGV, que ...
A mononuclear, terminal titanium(iii) imido (2023)

We report the first mononuclear Ti<sup>III</sup> complex possessing a terminal imido ligand. Complex [Tp<sup><i>t</i>Bu,Me</sup>Ti{NSi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}(THF)] (2) (Tp<sup><i>t</i>Bu,Me</sup> = hydridotris(3-<i>tert</i>-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) is prepared by reduction of [Tp<sup><i>t</i>Bu,Me</sup>Ti{NSi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}(Cl)] (1) with KC<sub>8</sub> in high yield. The connectivity and metalloradical nature of 2 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, Q- and X-band EPR, UV-Vis and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopies. The d<sup>1</sup> complex [(Tp<sup><i>t</i>Bu,Me</sup>)TiCl(OEt<sub>2</sub>)][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (3), was prepared to spectroscopically compare it to 2. Electrochemical studies of 1 and 2 reveal a reversible 1e<sup>-</sup> process, and chemical oxidants ClCPh<sub>3</sub> or 1/2 eq. XeF<sub>2</sub> react cleanly with 2 yielding 1 or the fluoride derivative [Tp<sup><i>t</i>Bu,Me</sup>Ti{NSi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}(F)] (4), respectively.
Cost and performance trade-offs for commercially available linear stages (2010)

The following paper provides the practicing engineer with guidelines on the relationships between cost and various performance factors for different types of linear stages. When multiple precise motions need to be made in a system, stages are typically the solution. A number of factors should be considered before choosing a stage: cost, load capacity, travel range, repeatability, resolution, encoding accuracy, errors in motion, stiffness, stability, velocity of motion, environmental sensitivity, and additional features like over-travel protection and locking mechanisms. There are a variety of different bearing types for linear stages, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents charts that provide relationships between the cost, travel range, angular deviation, and load capacity of various types of manual one-axis linear stages. The stages considered were those that had less than a 2.5" travel range and sold by major optomechanical vendors. The bearing types investigated were dovetail, flexure, ball bearing, double row ball bearing, crossed roller bearing, and gothic arch ball bearing. Using the charts and general guidelines provided in this paper, a more informed decision may be made when selecting a linear stage.
Determination of flow-regime boundaries for cohesive particles. Quarterly report, December 20, 1990--March 19, 1991 (1992)

The overall objective of this program is the development of a hydrodynamic model to predict the choking/non-choking flow regime boundary of fine, cohesive (i.e., Geldart Group C) powders. Specific objectives are to: (1) Develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model that can be applied to cohesive solids. (2) Generate large-scale solids-flows data that will be used to verify the model.
Figure S3 from PRC2 Epigenetically Silences Th1-Type Chemokines to Suppress Effector T-Cell Trafficking in Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3: Clinical relevance of CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression in colon cancer&lt;/p&gt;
Realization of all-optical multi-logic functions and a digital adder with input beam power management for multi-input injection locking in a single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode (2011)

We propose a novel idea for the suppression of the dominant mode of the single-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode (SMFP-LD) to realize all-optical multi-logic functions and a digital adder. The basic principle of the proposed scheme is the power management of input beams to suppress the dominant mode of the SMFP-LD for multi-input injection locking. The proposed principle is explained and implemented to realize all-optical multi-logic functions and a digital adder at an input data rate of 10 Gbps. A clear eye opening with an extinction ratio of about 12 dB and a rising-falling time of less than 40 ps are observed at the outputs. The bit error rate (BER) performance is measured for all logic gates and half adder operation. We found there is no BER floor up to BER of 10(-12) and the maximum power penalty of about 1.2 dB at a BER of 10(-9).
A non-neutralizing antibody broadly protects against influenza virus infection by engaging effector cells (2021)

Hemagglutinin (HA) is the immunodominant protein of the influenza virus. We previously showed that mice injected with a monoglycosylated influenza A HA (HAmg) produced cross-strain-reactive antibodies and were better protected than mice injected with a fully glycosylated HA (HAfg) during lethal dose challenge. We employed a single B-cell screening platform to isolate the cross-protective monoclonal antibody (mAb) 651 from mice immunized with the HAmg of A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) influenza virus (Bris/07). The mAb 651 recognized the head domain of a broad spectrum of HAs from groups 1 and 2 influenza A viruses and offered prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) (Cal/09) and Bris/07 infections in mice. The antibody did not possess neutralizing activity; however, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by natural killer cells and alveolar macrophages were important in the protective efficacy of mAb 651. Together, this study highlighted the significance of effector functions for non-neutralizing antibodies to exhibit protection against influenza virus infection.
LAMBDA (2020)

Security is a critical aspect in many of the latest embedded and IoT systems. Malware is one of the severe threats of security for such devices. There have been enormous efforts in malware detection and analysis; however, occurrences of newer varieties of malicious codes prove that it is an extremely difficult problem given the nature of these surreptitious codes. In this article, instead of addressing a general solution, we aim at malware detection for platforms that have more than one core for performance enhancement. We investigate the utility of multiple cores from the point of view of security, where one of the cores operate as a watchdog. We define a notion of a new metric called LAMBDA (Lightweight Assessment of Malware for emBeddeD Architectures), denoted by λ, indicating a conceptual boundary between the programs which are allowed to run on a given platform, with the codes that are suspected as malwares. The metric λ is computed using carefully chosen monitors or features, which are tuples of high-level programs representing OS resources, along with low-level hardware performance counters. In comparison to heavy-weight machine learning techniques, we use an online hypothesis testing, in the form of t -test, to classify a given program-under-test. For applications where security is of prime concern, we propose an additional step based on multivariate analysis to classify the unknown programs that are closer to the threshold with a high degree of confidence. We present experimental results focusing on an ARM-based platform which validate that the proposed approach provides a lightweight, accurate assessment of malware codes for embedded platforms. In addition to it, we also present a security analysis to show the difficulty of a mimicry attack attempting to bypass LAMBDA.
Conjunction of fiber solar cells with groovy micro-reflectors as highly efficient energy harvesters (2011)

Solar cells are the most effective approach for sustainable energy to meet the world's increasing needs in energy. However, their large-scale applications have been limited by low cost performance, supply of raw materials, complex preparation processes and the possible pollutions produced during processing. Here we introduce a novel fiber solar cell housed in a simple and low-cost parabolic-shape reflector, which can effectively capture diffuse light from all directions. The maximum efficiency of the fiber based dye-sensitized solar cells alone reached 7.02%. Furthermore, the maximum power output was enhanced by a factor of two and five, respectively, when the fiber was in conjunction with a diffuse reflector or a micro-light concentrating groove.
Anaemia is associated with severe RBC dysfunction and a reduced circulating NO pool: vascular and cardiac eNOS are crucial for the adaptation to anaemia (2020)

Anaemia is frequently present in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and contributes to an adverse prognosis. We hypothesised that, besides reduced oxygen carrying capacity, anaemia is associated with (1) red blood cell (RBC) dysfunction and a reduced circulating nitric oxide (NO) pool, (2) compensatory enhancement of vascular and cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and (3) contribution of both, RBC dysfunction and reduced circulatory NO pool to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and fatal outcome in AMI. In mouse models of subacute and chronic anaemia from repeated mild blood loss the circulating NO pool, RBC, cardiac and vascular function were analysed at baseline and in reperfused AMI. In anaemia, RBC function resulted in profound changes in membrane properties, enhanced turnover, haemolysis, dysregulation of intra-erythrocytotic redox state, and RBC-eNOS. RBC from anaemic mice and from anaemic patients with acute coronary syndrome impaired the recovery of contractile function of isolated mouse hearts following ischaemia/reperfusion. In anaemia, the circulating NO pool was reduced. The cardiac and vascular adaptation to anaemia was characterised by increased arterial eNOS expression and activity and an eNOS-dependent increase of end-diastolic left ventricular volume. Endothelial dysfunction induced through genetic or pharmacologic reduction of eNOS-activity abrogated the anaemia-induced cardio-circulatory compensation. Superimposed AMI was associated with decreased survival. In summary, moderate blood loss anaemia is associated with severe RBC dysfunction and reduced circulating NO pool. Vascular and cardiac eNOS are crucial for the cardio-circulatory adaptation to anaemia. RBC dysfunction together with eNOS dysfunction may contribute to adverse outcomes in AMI.
The Design, Fabrication, and Performance of the East African Trial Leveraged Freedom Chair (2010)

The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a lever-powered, wheelchair-based mobility aid designed specifically for use in the developing world. Its drivetrain optimally converts upper body power in a wide range of terrains, giving the LFC operational capabilities that extend beyond those of currently available mobility products. In this work we present the design and analysis process used to create an LFC for trial in East Africa. All of the moving parts in the LFC are made from bicycle components and the entire chair can be fabricated without any machining processes. This allows the LFC to be manufactured for the same price as existing mobility aids and repaired anywhere in the developing world. Eight prototypes were produced in Kenya during August 2009, with six distributed to mobility aid users throughout East Africa. After four months of testing, the subject-averaged propulsion efficiency using the LFC was 20% greater than that of existing mobility products. Performance results and feedback from the subjects indicate that the LFC is ideally suited for active wheelchair users who require the seating and postural support of a wheelchair, and who desire to travel on rough terrain under their own power. Test subjects’ input was also used to codify future improvements to the LFC design, including narrowing the stance of the chair and lowering the rider’s center of gravity.
Channeling analysis of stacking defects in epitaxial Si layers (1977)

The channeling effect technique has been applied to investigate dechanneling by stacking defects in heteroepitaxially grown silicon. Ion backscattering was performed on 0.9 ..mu..m Si layers grown on sapphire as a function of beam energy (1.1 to 2.5 MeV He/sup +/), projectile ion (He/sup +/, D/sup +/) and crystal direction ((100), (111), (112), (113)). A model based on the new interior surfaces presented by such stacking defects is used to calculate the dechanneling cross section, and the disorder profiles are obtained from the experimental dechanneled fractions in terms of displaced rows per unit volume. Direct backscattering of channeled particles from the defects is neglected since the dechanneling cross section per row is about one order of magnitude larger than that per displaced atom. The resulting defect depth distributions are independent of beam energy and projectile ion, and give improved quantitative agreement with previous studies. The application of channeling to stacking-defect measurements requires a minimum density of approximately 10/sup 15/ displaced rows/cm/sup 2/.
Mechanical analysis of program complexity (1983)

There has been a great deal of research done which investigates the problem of evaluating the complexity of particular algorithms; little effort however has been applied to the mechanization of this evaluation. This paper presents the ACE (for Automatic Complexity Evaluator) system which is able to analyse reasonably large programs like sorting programs or numerical programs in a fully mechanical way. A complexity function is derived from the initial program. This function is then automatically transformed into its non-recursive equivalent according to MacCarthy's recursion induction principle, using a pre-defined library of recursive definitions (for example id, length, exponential ...). As the execution time is not a decidable property, this transformation will not be possible in all cases. The richer the pre-defined library is, the more likely the system is to succeed. The paper presents the reasons for mechanizing complexity calculus and the problems involved. It describes the operations performed by ACE and its implementation; limitations and further improvements are discussed in conclusion.
Continuous Monitoring of Respiratory Flow and CO2 (2010)

In this article, the challenges of simultaneous respiratory gas concentration and flow measurements in a breathing circuit are reviewed. The tradeoffs that were considered in the development of a clinically useful on-airway combination CO(2)/flow sensor are discussed as well as the applications enabled by this on-airway combination CO(2)/flow sensor.
Coupling Dimensionality Reduction with Generative Model for Non-Interactive Private Data Release. (2017)

A key challenge facing the design of differential privacy in the non-interactive setting is to maintain the utility of the released data. To overcome this challenge, we utilize the Diaconis-Freedman-Meckes (DFM) effect, which states that most projections of high-dimensional data are nearly Gaussian. Hence, we propose the RON-Gauss model that leverages the novel combination of dimensionality reduction via random orthonormal (RON) projection and the Gaussian generative model for synthesizing differentially-private data. We analyze how RON-Gauss benefits from the DFM effect, and present multiple algorithms for a range of machine learning applications, including both unsupervised and supervised learning. Furthermore, we rigorously prove that (a) our algorithms satisfy the strong $\epsilon$-differential privacy guarantee, and (b) RON projection can lower the level of perturbation required for differential privacy. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of RON-Gauss under three common machine learning applications -- clustering, classification, and regression -- on three large real-world datasets. Our empirical results show that (a) RON-Gauss outperforms previous approaches by up to an order of magnitude, and (b) loss in utility compared to the non-private real data is small. Thus, RON-Gauss can serve as a key enabler for real-world deployment of privacy-preserving data release.
Correlation of MECA-79-positive high endothelial venule density with clinical outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy. (2018)

417 Background: High endothelial venules (HEVs) are present in lymph nodes and tertiary lymphoid organs. It has been reported that low HEV density is associated with the poor prognosis of several carcinomas. MECA-79 antibody recognizes L-selectin ligand (6-sulfosialyl Lewis X glycan) expressed in HEV. In the present study, we examined whether MECA-79 positive HEV density was associated with clinical outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Methods: Eighty-eight patients with UTUC who underwent RNU at the Hirosaki University hospital between January 2008 and December 2016 were enrolled. Tissue microarray for MECA-79 was performed, and HEV densities were calculated. HEV density &lt; 1.5/mm 2 was defined as HEV (−); HEV density ≥1.5/mm 2 was defined as HEV(+). Results: Of 88 patients, 64 (72.7%) were male and 24 (27.2%) were female. The average age was 68.5 years (range, 36–84 years). Fifty-three patients (60.2%) had previously undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mean observation period was 39.0 months. Twenty-one (23.8%) patients developed recurrence, whereas 16 (33.3%) patients died during follow-up. Five-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate was 66.1%, and five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 70.7%. In our cohort, 25 (28.4%) patients were found to be HEV(−), whereas 63 (71.5%) were found to be HEV(+). The mean HEV density was 6.3/mm 2 (0-41.6). The 5-year DFS rates for HEV (+) and HEV (−) patients were 78.0% and 53.9%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. (log-rank, p = 0.042). Moreover, the 5-year CSS rates for HEV (+) and HEV (−) patients were 72.5% and 53.4%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. (log-rank, p = 0.0036). Conclusions: Low MECA-79-positive HEV density may be associated with poor prognosis of patients with UTUC treated with RNU. Despite the small sample size and preliminary nature of our study, our study provides valuable insights to guide future research.
Base-Induced Sulfoxide-Sulfenate Rearrangement of 2-Sulfinyl Dienes for the Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantioenriched Dienyl Diols (2023)

The base-induced [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of a series of enantiopure 2-sulfinyl dienes has been examined and optimized using a combination of NaH and <sup><i>i</i></sup>PrOH. The reaction takes place by allylic deprotonation of the 2-sulfinyl diene to give a bis-allylic sulfoxide anion intermediate that after protonation undergoes sulfoxide-sulfenate rearrangement. Different substitution at the starting 2-sulfinyl dienes has allowed us to study the rearrangement finding that a terminal allylic alcohol is determinant to achieve complete regioselectivity and high enantioselectivities (90:10-95:5) with the sulfoxide as the only element of stereocontrol. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide an interpretation of these results.
Strain Selection for Generation of O-Antigen-Based Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease (2015)

Nontyphoidal Salmonellae, principally S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, are a major cause of invasive bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with no vaccine currently available. Conjugation of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen to a carrier protein constitutes a promising vaccination strategy. Here we describe a rational process to select the most appropriate isolates of Salmonella as source of O-antigen for developing a bivalent glycoconjugate vaccine. We screened a library of 30 S. Typhimurium and 21 S. Enteritidis in order to identify the most suitable strains for large scale O-antigen production and generation of conjugate vaccines. Initial screening was based on growth characteristics, safety profile of the isolates, O-antigen production, and O-antigen characteristics in terms of molecular size, O-acetylation and glucosylation level and position, as determined by phenol sulfuric assay, NMR, HPLC-SEC and HPAEC-PAD. Three animal isolates for each serovar were identified and used to synthesize candidate glycoconjugate vaccines, using CRM197 as carrier protein. The immunogenicity of these conjugates and the functional activity of the induced antibodies was investigated by ELISA, serum bactericidal assay and flow cytometry. S. Typhimurium O-antigen showed high structural diversity, including O-acetylation of rhamnose in a Malawian invasive strain generating a specific immunodominant epitope. S. Typhimurium conjugates provoked an anti-O-antigen response primarily against the O:5 determinant. O-antigen from S. Enteritidis was structurally more homogeneous than from S. Typhimurium, and no idiosyncratic antibody responses were detected for the S. Enteritidis conjugates. Of the three initially selected isolates, two S. Typhimurium (1418 and 2189) and two S. Enteritidis (502 and 618) strains generated glycoconjugates able to induce high specific antibody levels with high breadth of serovar-specific strain coverage, and were selected for use in vaccine production. The strain selection approach described is potentially applicable to the development of glycoconjugate vaccines against other bacterial pathogens.
Discussions on the evaluation of tool-incorporation in the field of assistive products. (2020)

This report discusses an objective evaluation method for tool-incorporation in the field of assistive products. We focus on a bypass prosthetic hand, which enable a sound hand person to experience a prosthetic hand. We expect that the result of this work to contribute to the further discussion on the training method of the prosthetic hand.