gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A strategy for the comparative analysis of serum proteomes for the discovery of biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (2003)

Many of the emerging technologies for the global evaluation of gene expression, at both the RNA and protein level, are being applied to the problem of finding biomarkers for human disease progression. These analyses can be made difficult, however, by variation between samples that arises from both technical and nondisease related physiological or genetic causes. In an effort to identify serum polypeptides whose presence or absence correlates with the clinical status of patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we have developed a strategy that helps to focus the analysis on meaningful changes in protein levels above the background of variation. For the current study we divided the patient population into four clinically defined diagnostic groups that represent a generally increasing risk for HCC. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for HCC and our groups included patients with no indication of liver disease (healthy), those with inactive chronic HBV, those with active chronic HBV, and patients with a diagnosis of HCC and history of chronic HBV infection. Serum polypeptides from these patients were first analyzed in two-dimensional gels by combining the serum from patients in each of the four groups to generate composite gel profiles. Analysis of these composite gels allowed us to identify two relatively abundant features that were reduced in the HCC group as compared to the healthy group. Tryptic fragment mass fingerprinting identified the features as a carboxy terminal fragment of complement C3 and an isoform of apolipoprotein A1. These two features were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of serum from each individual in the four groups in order to verify that the inter-group differences seen in composite gels reported changes in abundance for most members of the group, rather than extreme changes for a small fraction of the group. These preliminary studies suggest that a proteomic methodology can be used for the identification of serum biomarkers for HCC and other liver disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Transannular Cyclizations of 5‐(Hydroxyamino)dibenzo(a,e)cyclooctatrienes. Regioselective Synthesis of Dibenzohomotropane Analogues. (1990)

Abstract Ring expansion of the 5‐(tosyloxymethyl)cycloheptenes (I) yields the two regioisomeric cyclooctatrienoles (II) and (III).
Photolithography-free polymer optical waveguide arrays for optical backplane bus (2011)

In this paper, an innovative 3-to-3 bi-directional optical bus architecture based on multimode polymer waveguides with embedded 45° micro-mirrors was successfully demonstrated. With a lithography-free imprinting process by high quality electroplated metallic mold, the device can be precisely replicated with a low fabrication cost. Superior to any point-to-point optical waveguide, the implemented optical bus structure is capable of broadcasting and receiving high speed data at 10 Gbit/sec among multiple points as a high performance optical backplane.
Functional and structural characterization of potent Th1 biasing 6′-derivatised α-GalCer iNKT cell agonists, and their superior role in tumor protection. (156.4) (2011)

Abstract Invariant natural killer T cells are known to have marked immunomodulatory capacity due to their ability to produce copious amounts of effector cytokines. In this study, we report the first crystal structures of a novel class of strong Th1 biasing structural analogues of α-galactosylceramide by addition of aromatic structures on the 6-OH position of galactose. They are characterized by marked Th1 polarized cytokine patterns that are highly conserved between mice and men, and marked tumour protection in vivo. The strength of the Th1 response correlates well with enhanced lipid binding to CD1d as a result of an induced fit mechanism that binds the aromatic substitution as a third anchor, in addition to the two lipid chains. This induced fit is in contrast to another Th1 biasing glycolipid, α-C-GalCer, whose CD1d binding follows a conventional key-lock principle. These findings highlight the previously unexploited flexibility of CD1d in accommodating galactose-modified glycolipids and broaden the range of glycolipids that can stimulate iNKT cells. We speculate that glycolipids can be designed that induce a similar fit, thereby leading to superior and more sustained iNKT cell responses in vivo.
Study on relationship between polymorphism of apolipoprotein E gene and syndromes of phlegm and blood stasis in patients with coronary heart disease (2005)

ApoE epsilon4 allele, especially E3/4 genotype, is the risk factor of CHD. There is a relatively close relationship between patients with ApoE epsilon4 allele and PS. It may be one of the main susceptible genes in CHD patients with PS.
The Apical Complex Provides a Regulated Gateway for Secretion of Invasion Factors in Toxoplasma (2014)

The apical complex is the definitive cell structure of phylum Apicomplexa, and is the focus of the events of host cell penetration and the establishment of intracellular parasitism. Despite the importance of this structure, its molecular composition is relatively poorly known and few studies have experimentally tested its functions. We have characterized a novel Toxoplasma gondii protein, RNG2, that is located at the apical polar ring--the common structural element of apical complexes. During cell division, RNG2 is first recruited to centrosomes immediately after their duplication, confirming that assembly of the new apical complex commences as one of the earliest events of cell replication. RNG2 subsequently forms a ring, with the carboxy- and amino-termini anchored to the apical polar ring and mobile conoid, respectively, linking these two structures. Super-resolution microscopy resolves these two termini, and reveals that RNG2 orientation flips during invasion when the conoid is extruded. Inducible knockdown of RNG2 strongly inhibits host cell invasion. Consistent with this, secretion of micronemes is prevented in the absence of RNG2. This block, however, can be fully or partially overcome by exogenous stimulation of calcium or cGMP signaling pathways, respectively, implicating the apical complex directly in these signaling events. RNG2 demonstrates for the first time a role for the apical complex in controlling secretion of invasion factors in this important group of parasites.
Profiling Applications for Virtual Machine Placement in Clouds (2011)

Application profiling is an important technique for efficient resource management. The decision making of scheduling and resource allocation typically takes great advantage of such a technique primarily for improving resource utilization. With the advent of cloud computing as a multitenant virtualized platform, diverse applications are increasingly deployed onto the cloud and they more than often share physical resources. The background load (other applications running on the same physical machine) is therefore an important factor for profiling an application in this cloud computing scenario. In this paper, we present a novel application profiling technique using the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method, which identifies the relationship between application performance and resource usage. We further devise a performance prediction model based on application profiles generated using CCA. Clearly, our profiling technique with this prediction model has a lot of potentials particularly in virtual machine (VM) placement with performance awareness. Our experimental results demonstrate the capability of our profiling technique and the accuracy of our prediction model.
A novel approach to microcalcification detection using fuzzy logic technique (1998)

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the United States. Approximately, 182,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 46,000 women die of breast cancer each year. Even more disturbing is the fact that one out of eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point during her lifetime. Since the cause of breast cancer remains unknown, primary prevention becomes impossible. Computer-aided mammography is an important and challenging task in automated diagnosis. It has great potential over traditional interpretation of film-screen mammography in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Microcalcifications are the earliest sign of breast carcinomas and their detection is one of the key issues for breast cancer control. In this study, a novel approach to microcalcification detection based on fuzzy logic technique is presented. Microcalcifications are first enhanced based on their brightness and nonuniformity. Then, the irrelevant breast structures are excluded by a curve detector. Finally, microcalcifications are located using an iterative threshold selection method. The shapes of microcalcifications are reconstructed and the isolated pixels are removed by employing the mathematical morphology technique. The essential idea of the proposed approach is to apply a fuzzified image of a mammogram to locate the suspicious regions and to interact the fuzzified image with the original image to preserve fidelity. The major advantage of the proposed method is its ability to detect microcalcifications even in very dense breast mammograms. A series of clinical mammograms are employed to test the proposed algorithm and the performance is evaluated by the free-response receiver operating characteristic curve. The experiments aptly show that the microcalcifications can be accurately detected even in very dense mammograms using the proposed approach.
A novel heat-activated current in nociceptive neurons and its sensitization by bradykinin (1996)

Pain differs from other sensations in many respects. Primary pain-sensitive neurons respond to a wide variety of noxious stimuli, in contrast to the relatively specific responses characteristic of other sensory systems, and the response is often observed to sensitize on repeated presentation of a painful stimulus, while adaptation is typically observed in other sensory systems. In most cases the cellular mechanisms of transduction and sensitization in response to painful stimuli are not understood. We report here that application of pulses of noxious heat to a subpopulation of isolated primary sensory neurons rapidly activates an inward current. The ion channel activated by heat discriminates poorly among alkali cations. Calcium ions both carry current and partially suppress the current carried by other ions. The current is markedly increased by bradykinin, a potent algogenic nonapeptide that is known to be released in vivo by tissue damage. Phosphatase inhibitors prolong the sensitization caused by bradykinin, and a similar sensitization is caused by activators of protein kinase C. We conclude that bradykinin sensitizes the response to heat by activating protein kinase C.
Polymorphisms of the 5' leader cistron of the human beta2-adrenergic receptor regulate receptor expression. (1998)

Cellular expression of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) is controlled in part by a 19-amino acid peptide that regulates mRNA translation. This peptide is encoded by a short open reading frame, termed the 5' leader cistron (5'LC), which is 102 bp upstream of the beta2AR coding block. In 176 normal subjects we found a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in either Arg (previously denoted wild-type) or Cys at position 19 of this peptide. Allele frequencies were 0.37 for Arg and 0.63 for Cys. To determine if these variants altered beta2AR expression, COS-7 cells were transfected with polymorphic constructs consisting of 1,989 bp encompassing the 5'LC and the beta2AR coding block exactly as found in the human gene. beta2AR density, as determined by [125I]CYP radioligand binding, was 72% higher in cells transfected with the 5'LC-Cys19 construct as compared with those transfected with the 5'LC-Arg19 construct and 110% higher when a cotransfection technique with a luciferase construct was used to control for transfection efficiency. Levels of the two mRNA transcripts were not different, confirming in vitro studies that the upstream peptide regulates receptor expression at the translational level. In human airway smooth muscle cells that natively express beta2AR, receptor expression was approximately twofold higher in those bearing the Cys versus the Arg polymorphism, confirming the phenotype in a relevant cell type. Linkage disequilibrium was observed between the 5'LC-Cys polymorphism and the beta2AR coding block polymorphisms Arg16 and Gln27 (P < 0.0001), although several different haplotypes were identified. Thus, beta2AR expression in the human population is controlled by a common polymorphism of this 5'LC, and may be responsible for interindividual variation in betaAR responsiveness.
The Nature of Politics and Government (1984)

Politics exists because people disagree about the aims and objects of human endeavour and, probably even more so, about the methods to be used in achieving them. Human beings differ enormously in temperament, in what they want from life and in their reactions to the numerous problems that they have to cope with. These differences produce different attitudes to public issues and lead to the activity of politics. Politics therefore involves conflict. This can result in violence, as in many of the developing countries, but in the Western democracies the differences are usually resolved peacefully.
SEDS-Lite: using open source tools (R, BIRT, MySQL) to report and analyze performance data (2012)

Statistical Exception Detection System (SEDS) is one of the variations of learning behavior based performance analysis methodology developed, implemented and published by the Authors. This paper takes the main SEDS tools – IT-Control Chart and Exceptions (Anomalies) Detector - and shows how they can be built by Open Source type of Business Intelligence tools, such as R, BIRT and MySQL along with spreadsheets. The paper includes source code, tool screen-shots and report input/output examples which demonstrate building/developing a light version of SEDS.
An overview of the safety of inhaled corticosteroids (1994)

The papers contained in this issue of the journal deal comprehensively with specific areas in which the safety of inhaled corticosteroids might give cause for concern as a result of their effects on skeletal metabolism, childhood growth, the endocrine system and the skin. Some of the points contained in those papers are worthy of reiteration in this overview, along with several more general points of interest. Asthma appears to manifest itself as a local inflammation in the airways which can be quite intense without serious symptoms necessarily being present [1]. Inflammation is thought to be the principal reason for worsening of the disease over time, since it will exaggerate the abnormal bronchoconstriction that patients suffer when they encounter a provoking stimulus. There is, therefore, a strong impetus among asthma specialists to encourage the administration of the inhaled anti-inflammatory agents (chiefly corticosteroids) at an earlier stage in the disease than used to be the case. Adding strength to the shift in prescribing habits is the recent evidence that the regular use of inhaled bronchodilators, which relieve the symptomatic bronchoconstriction (the most common drugs being the f32-adrenoceptor agonists), may paradoxically cause a chronic worsen-
Sex-biased and parental allele-specific gene regulation by KDM6A (2022)

Our study reveals new sex-related roles of KDM6A in the regulation of developmental genes, the maintenance of sex-biased gene expression, and the differential expression of parental alleles.
An Analysis of the Performance of PDC Hybrid Drill Bits (1987)

ABSTRACT This paper details the results of a project to extend the range of PDC bit applications to harder non-uniform formations. These formations had previously proved difficult to drill with PDC. The resulting design concept is outlined and the targeted formations, field operating parameters and performances are illustrated with emphasis on North Sea bit runs. The success of the project is shown in the economic analysis. The result is a new range of bits which have exceeded their design specifications and significantly increased drilling efficiency.
MRI-Contrasting System Based on Water-Soluble Fullerene/Gd-Metallofullerene Mixture (2010)

Abstract The gadolinium endometallofullerene/empty fullerene hydroxylated mixtures were prepared and studied as MRI-contrasting agents. The mixtures were prepared with metallofullerene enrichment of more than 80 mol.% by simple liquid extraction. The hydroxylation was performed by H2O2 oxidation at elevated temperature. Nanoaggregation of mixed fullerenes in water solution was studied by SANS. It was observed that at pH = 7 the cluster correlation diameter is 25 nm. NMR tomography in-vivo reveals that contrasting action of hydroxylated gadofullerene mixtures is 15–30 times its commercial “Gadovist” contrasting agent. Keywords: EfficiencyEnrichedFullereneGadofullereneMixtureMRI-contrasting Acknowledgments This work is performed under Russian State Contract No. 02.513.11.3210.
Photocatalytic Enhancement for Solar Disinfection of Water: A Review (2011)

It is estimated that 884 million people lack access to improved water supplies. Many more are forced to rely on supplies that are microbiologically unsafe, resulting in a higher risk of waterborne diseases, including typhoid, hepatitis, polio, and cholera. Due to poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water, there are around 4 billion cases of diarrhea each year resulting in 2.2 million deaths, most of these are children under five. While conventional interventions to improve water supplies are effective, there is increasing interest in household-based interventions to produce safe drinking water at an affordable cost for developing regions. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a simple and low cost technique used to disinfect drinking water, where water is placed in transparent containers and exposed to sunlight for 6 hours. There are a number of parameters which affect the efficacy of SODIS, including the solar irradiance, the quality of the water, and the nature of the contamination. One approach to SODIS enhancement is the use of semiconductor photocatalysis to produce highly reactive species that can destroy organic pollutants and inactivate water pathogens. This paper presents a critical review concerning semiconductor photocatalysis as a potential enhancement technology for solar disinfection of water.
Cable-TV-based home video streaming system: practice and experience (2009)

This article presents a practical home video streaming system that has actually been implemented and deployed for commercial services on a cable television network. Because streaming components and network connections of a cable TV network are considerably different from those of desktop streaming systems available on the Internet, traditional systems and techniques for video streaming are not enough for a cable TV network. Therefore, several special systems and server-centric streaming techniques have been developed for a cable TV network and home video clients. In particular, server-centric streaming techniques are crucial because a set-top box, which is the client in the case of a home video streaming system, lacks processing power. We have developed a highly efficient streaming server using network acceleration and data bypassing techniques. As a result, our stateof- the-art streaming server enables high scalability and provides various content navigation modes, including faster playback, to off-the-shelf set-top boxes.
Edge-avoiding wavelets and their applications (2009)

We propose a new family of second-generation wavelets constructed using a robust data-prediction lifting scheme. The support of these new wavelets is constructed based on the edge content of the image and avoids having pixels from both sides of an edge. Multi-resolution analysis, based on these new edge-avoiding wavelets , shows a better decorrelation of the data compared to common linear translation-invariant multi-resolution analyses. The reduced inter-scale correlation allows us to avoid halo artifacts in band-independent multi-scale processing without taking any special precautions. We thus achieve nonlinear data-dependent multi-scale edge-preserving image filtering and processing at computation times which are linear in the number of image pixels. The new wavelets encode, in their shape, the smoothness information of the image at every scale. We use this to derive a new edge-aware interpolation scheme that achieves results, previously computed by solving an inhomogeneous Laplace equation, through an explicit computation. We thus avoid the difficulties in solving large and poorly-conditioned systems of equations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new wavelet basis for various computational photography applications such as multi-scale dynamic-range compression, edge-preserving smoothing and detail enhancement, and image colorization.
Using Dynamic Analysis for Realistic Animation of Articulated Bodies (1987)

A major problem in computer animation is creating motion that appears natural and realistic, particularly in such complex articulated bodies as humans and other animals. At present, truly lifelike motion is produced mainly by copying recorded images, a tedious and lengthy process that requires considerable external equipment. An alternative is the use of dynamic analysis to predict realistic motion. Using dynamic motion control, bodies are treated as masses acting under the influence of external and internal forces and torques. Dynamic control is advantageous because motion is naturally restricted to physically realizable patterns, and many types of motion can be predicted automatically. Use of dynamics is computationally expensive and specifying controlling forces and torques can be difficult. However, there is evidence that dynamics offers hope for more realistic, natural, and automatic motion control. Because such motion simulates real world conditions, an animation system using dynamic analysis is also a useful tool in such related fields as robotics and biomechanics.
Minimization procedure of experimental tests for calibration purposes, within HVAC&R energy efficiency framework (2019)

Simulation models and predictive tools need to be fast, accurate and robust at the same time. The models that have to provide numerical solutions under transient conditions for a long period of time need to be simple with the aim of minimizing the time respond, without losing the accuracy. Thus, previous experimental data and a calibration methodology are necessary to assure this objective, both are strictly necessary to reproduce the behaviour with accuracy expected. Consequently, even accurate information (e.g. look-up tables) for HVAC&amp;R components (e.g. heat exchangers, fan/compressor, auxiliary elements, etc.) is known and all coupling system is developed, the minimization of experimental tests for calibration purposed based scattered data interpolation is now an important aspect, which looks for reducing the quantity of experiments necessary to assure the accuracy expected from an optimization point of view. The present work shows an optimization procedure based on test number minimization according detailed error comparison against existing previous data. Illustrative results for a specific component are presented highlighting test number reduction without losing accuracy.
An entropy-based learning hardware organization using FPGA (2002)

A neural network model with entropy-based evaluator called EBE is proposed. An FPGA based design that implements the EBE model is presented. The PCI bus interface including DMA transfer is embedded into the design. 8-bit test data is fed into the design to verify the correctness of the algorithm and its FPGA implementation.