gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iteration by literation and magic squares (1990)

We consider sequences of natural numbers in which each successive term is the number of letters in a literation of its predecessor. It is shown that these sequences may or may not converge depending on the language being used. Also considered are magic squares that are obtained from a literation of the numbers in another magic square. Some language‐dependent techniques for constructing such examples are presented.
Code-division multiple-access encoding and decoding of femtosecond optical pulses over a 2.5-km fiber link (1998)

We report for the first time proof-of-concept transmission experiments for femtosecond pulse code division multiple access (CDMA) operating over kilometer lengths of optical fiber in the 1.5-μm communication band. Our CDMA link consists of a femtosecond mode-locked Er-fiber laser and two chirped pulse fiber amplifiers, a pair of low-loss fiber-pigtailed pulse shapers for encoding and decoding, a 2.5-km dispersion-compensated transmission fiber, and an ultrafast nonlinear optical receiver. Our results demonstrate high fidelity transmission of spectrally encoded femtosecond pulses over 2.5 km of fiber, followed by the use of the nonlinear CDMA receiver to discriminate between correctly and incorrectly decoded signals with 20-dB contrast.
The effect of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase on protein phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate formation in a hepatocyte membrane preparation. (1987)

Plasma membrane preparation obtained from isolated mouse hepatocytes was phosphorylated by exogenous cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase in the presence of 32P-ATP. The phosphorylated proteins were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis of the membrane and the phosphorylated lipids were analysed by thin layer chromatography of the separated lipid fraction. The protein kinase stimulated the 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and it catalyzed the phosphorylation of several proteins. The main phosphoprotein bands were found at 51 kDa, 49 kDa, 46 kDa and 34 kDa. A part of the 51 kDa phosphoprotein accompanied the lipids in the course of the separation of the lipid fraction.
RELATING SUBJECTIVE AND INSTRUMENTAL MEASURES A PSYCHOPHYSICAL OVERVIEW (1981)

ABSTRACT Various methods interrelate subjective and instrumental measures. The two principal interrelations are correlation and regression analyses. They differ in their fundamental premises. Correlational analysis seeks to show only that a relation exists between two sets of measures. Regression analysis seeks the nature of the relation. Correlational analysis provides information that must be augmented by additional, extrinsic research. In contrast, regression analysis allows for immediate action to modify stimuli in order to induce a desired change. This paper considers both approaches in the light of recent advances in psychophysical measurement.
Mechanical determinants of maximum isotonic lengthening rate in rat left ventricular myocardium. (1987)

The effects of changing loading conditions and inotropic state on maximum isotonic lengthening rate (+dL/dt, muscle lengths/sec) were examined in isolated rat myocardium. Physiologically sequenced contractions were studied in 18 left ventricular papillary muscle preparations (stimulation rate, 12/min). To study the effects of changing loading conditions, only one loading variable (preload, total load, or late load) was changed during each contraction, while the others were held constant. To study the effects of isoproterenol (10(-6) M) and temperature (28 vs. 33 degrees C) on maximum isotonic lengthening rate, preload and late load were held constant and +dL/dt was examined at a common total load. When preload was increased from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.4 +/- 0.1 g/mm2, muscle length increased from 0.98 +/- 0.003 to 1.01 +/- 0.002 muscle lengths, the extent of shortening increased from 0.05 +/- 0.003 to 0.08 +/- 0.003 muscle lengths, but minimum length (0.93 +/- 0.01 muscle lengths) and +dL/dt (1.1 +/- 0.1 muscle lengths/sec) were unchanged. When total load was increased from 1.5 to 4.5 g/mm2, minimum length increased from 0.91 +/- 0.05 to 0.97 +/- 0.05 muscle lengths and +dL/dt fell from 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 muscle lengths/sec. Late load (the load borne by or applied to the muscle during isotonic lengthening) was altered by changing its magnitude (g/mm2) or time (milliseconds after stimulation) of application. As late load was increased from 1.4 +/- 0.02 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 g/mm2, +dL/dt increased from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 muscle lengths/sec.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ICONE15-10727 STUDY ON THERMAL-HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR IN SUPERSONIC STEAM INJECTOR (2007)

Supersonic steam injector is the one of the most possible devices aiming at simplifying system and improving the safety and the credibility for next-generation nuclear reactor systems. The supersonic steam injector has dual functions of a passive jet pump without rotating machine and a compact and high efficiency heat exchanger, because it is operated by the direct contact condensation between supersonic steam and subcooled water jet. It is necessary to clarify the flow behavior in the supersonic steam injector which is governed by the complicated turbulent flow with a great shear stress of supersonic steam. However, in previous study, there is little study about the turbulent heat transfer and flow behavior under such a great shear stress at the gas-liquid interface. In the present study, turbulent flow behavior including the effect of the interface between water jet and supersonic steam is developed based on the eddy viscosity model. Radial velocity distributions and the turbulent heat transfer are calculated with the model. The calculation results are compared with the experimental results done with the transparent steam injector.
BeAtMuSiC: prediction of changes in protein–protein binding affinity on mutations (2013)

The ability of proteins to establish highly selective interactions with a variety of (macro)molecular partners is a crucial prerequisite to the realization of their biological functions. The availability of computational tools to evaluate the impact of mutations on protein-protein binding can therefore be valuable in a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications, and help rationalize the consequences of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms. BeAtMuSiC (http://babylone.ulb.ac.be/beatmusic) is a coarse-grained predictor of the changes in binding free energy induced by point mutations. It relies on a set of statistical potentials derived from known protein structures, and combines the effect of the mutation on the strength of the interactions at the interface, and on the overall stability of the complex. The BeAtMuSiC server requires as input the structure of the protein-protein complex, and gives the possibility to assess rapidly all possible mutations in a protein chain or at the interface, with predictive performances that are in line with the best current methodologies.
Dynamic QoS mapping control for streaming video in relative service differentiation networks (2001)

Abstract A dynamic quality of service (QoS) mapping control scheme, which includes feedforward and feedback QoS control, is proposed for the differentiated services (DiffServ) networks in this work. To achieve reliable and consistent end—to—end video streaming with relative service differentiation, the proposed solution consists of two parts: (1) relative priority—based indexing and categorization of streaming video content at the sending end—system and (2) dynamic and aggregate QoS mapping control with packet, session, and class—based granularity level for categorized packets at the edge of the DiffServ domain, called the video gateway (VG), based upon the load variation of the network. In particular, we focus on dynamic solutions to handle QoS demand variations of continuous media applications (e. g. varying priorities from aggregated/categorized packets) and QoS supply variations of the DiffServ network (e. g. varying loss/delay due to fluctuating network loads). Thus, with the proposed dynamic QoS mapping control, video streaming with enhanced quality is demonstrated under a pricing model.
Linearized Error Propagation in Odometry (2004)

The related fields of mobile robotics and ground vehicle localization lack a linearized theory of odometry error propagation. By contrast, the equivalent Schuler dynamics which apply to inertial guidance have been known and exploited for decades. In this paper, the general solution of linearized propagation dynamics of both systematic and random errors for vehicle odometry is developed and validated. The associated integral transforms are applied to the task of eliciting the major dynamic behaviors of errors for several forms of odometry. Interesting behaviors include path independence, response to symmetric inputs, zeros, extrema, monotonicity and conservation. Applications to systems theory, systems design, and calibration are illustrated.
Dietary guidance for patients under dialysis using a compartment model (1983)

無尿で安定した長期血液透析45例 (男30, 女15) について蛋白摂取量を検討するために透析から次の透析にかけての体重, BUNなどの臨床データを用い尿素のkinetic modelによって尿素産生量を計算した. Gotchの式によりPCR (protein catabolic rate) の値を求めてこれを蛋白摂取量とみなし, 肥満度, 年齢および昭和54, 55, 56年の各平均値を比較検討することにより, PCRはわが国の透析患者にも臨床上食事指導を行う上で十分利用できることがわかった.尿素, 尿酸, クレアチニンの各N値による産生量およびNPNを用いた産生量の各値に6.25を乗じた数字はPCRに比べて前者は低値を, 後者は高値を示し, やはり蛋白摂取量の計算にはPCRを使用することがより妥当と考えられた.PCRの問題点としては食箋から計算した蛋白摂取量と比較して約10%低い値を示す傾向が見られ, また透析間隔が長くなるにつけて, 有意に低値を示すことで, 実際の使用にあたって注意が必要である.食塩摂取量についてもthree pool modelを応用した計算式からNa除去量を算出することが可能であり, 透析治療の多様化に対応できるように栄養士が他の医療スタッフとよく話し合い, それぞれの透析患者についての治療方法の内容を十分に理解し, 除水量や透析液Na濃度などを考慮した上で, 患者の生活の実態に合った食事指導を行うことが何よりも必要である.
Sensing a binding event through charge transport variations using an aromatic oligoamide capsule (2021)

The selective binding properties of a 13-mer oligoamide foldamer capsule composed of 4 different aromatic subunits are reported. The capsule was designed to recognize dicarboxylic acids through multiple-point interactions owing to a combination of protonation/deprotonation events, H-bonding, and geometrical constraints imparted by the rigidity of the foldamer backbone. Compared to tartaric acid, binding of 2,2-difluorosuccinic acid or 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorosuccinic acid resulted in symmetry breaking due to deprotonation of only one of the two carboxylic acid groups of the encapsulated species as shown by NMR studies in solution and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state. An analogous 14-mer foldamer capsule terminated with a thiol anchoring group was used to probe the complexation event in self-assembled monolayers on Au substrates. Ellipsometry and polarization-modulation infrared absorption-reflection spectroscopy studies were consistent with the formation of a single molecule layer of the foldamer capsule oriented vertically with respect to the surface. The latter underwent smooth complexation of 2,2-difluorosuccinic acid with deprotonation of one of the two carboxylic acid groups. A significant (80-fold) difference in the charge transport properties of the monolayer upon encapsulation of the dicarboxylic acid was evidenced from conducting-AFM measurements (<i>S</i> = 1.1 × 10<sup>-9</sup> <i>vs.</i> 1.4 × 10<sup>-11</sup> ohm<sup>-1</sup> for the empty and complexed capsule, respectively). The modulation in conductivity was assigned to protonation of the aromatic foldamer backbone.
Classification of ligament injuries: why an anterolateral laxity or anteromedial laxity is not a diagnostic entity. (1987)

To interpret clinical laxity tests, the clinician must apply the kinematic and biomechanical concepts listed in Figure 12-13. These concepts have been briefly introduced here and are discussed in greater detail elsewhere. Figure 12-13 illustrates the importance of first selecting a laxity test to diagnose a specific ligament structure abnormality. The test selected, and the diagnostic information gained, is based on an understanding of the primary and secondary ligamentous restraints which are being tested. It is difficult to guess which ligaments are resisting specific joint displacements; therefore, biomechanical tests must first experimentally determine the restraints. Performing these tests obviates the first level of disagreement that existed when interpretations of clinical laxity tests were based only on "clinical impressions." The results of the laxity tests must be understood and communicated in terms of the six degrees-of-freedom system that determines abnormalities in motion. Resultant joint subluxations are readily understood by examining the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments separately. Our bumper model illustrates the different types of anterior subluxations that occur after anterior cruciate disruption. The final diagnosis of a ligament defect must be made in precise anatomic terms. In cases of partial disruption, or after healing occurs, the clinician must analyze the remaining functional capacity of the ligaments. In the future, newer diagnostic machines will provide even more detailed information enabling clinicians to determine the different types of compartmental subluxations under defined loading conditions. These machines will also provide measurements of ligament and joint stiffness. In this way, the functional deficits of the individual ligaments, and the joint as a whole, can be more readily characterized. The concepts that we have presented here can be applied qualitatively by the clinician, and in the future, they can be quantitatively applied. Our goal is to provide the basic scientific and clinical principles upon which the diagnosis and classification of ligament injuries should be based.
Highly efficient connectivity between VCSEL and multimode optical waveguide (2013)

We evaluated connectivity between a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) and a multimode optical waveguide. It is important to evaluate Far Field Pattern (FFP) of VCSEL. FFP is different depending on the VCSEL maker. Tolerance curve of Graded Index-Multi Mode Fiber (GI-MMF) and GI-core polymer waveguide under shifted VCSEL from center differed. We estimate the difference is depending on material and process. GI-core polymer waveguide makes scattering in optical waveguide.
An SCR-Based CSI-Fed Induction Motor Drive for High Power Medium Voltage Applications (2020)

A new topology of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) based current source inverter (CSI) fed induction motor drive suitable for medium voltage (MV) drive applications is presented in this article. The requirement of forced commutation circuitry has been the major disadvantage of an SCR-based CSI-fed induction motor drive. The proposed drive uses an induction motor provided with an auxiliary isolated low voltage winding on the stator. The SCR converter is connected to the main winding of the motor rated for MV levels. A voltage source inverter (VSI) of a small rating connected to the auxiliary winding injects a required voltage to ensure safe commutation of the SCR inverter. This enables the drive to operate over the entire speed range without requiring additional external commutation circuitry. The VSI also compensates the low frequency torque harmonics due to the quasi-square wave CSI currents thereby ensuring a low ripple torque profile. The proposed drive is experimentally verified using a 37.5 kW, 1.65 kV laboratory prototype with a 400 V auxiliary winding.
Segment density of a block copolymer chain tethered at both ends (1997)

The exact solution for the end-to-end distance distribution of unperturbed block copolymer molecules and its inverse-Langevin, sine-series, and Gaussian mathematical approximations are derived from the formal integral solution to the problem of random flights. Using the Markov property of random flights, these end-to-end distance distributions combine to give segment densities of perturbed block copolymer molecules, where the perturbation manifests itself as a geometric constraint on specific segments, called tethering. Computations for the case of a singly or doubly tethered diblock copolymer molecule, symmetric with respect to the number of bonds, having short bonds and long bonds, elucidate differences between the above mathematical approximations and three homopolymer approximations, and between the segment types. The Gaussian approximation is best and easiest for several reasons, giving only a few per cent error for chains of more than 40 bonds. Among the homopolymer approximations, the one that preserves the contour length and the mean-square end-to-end distance of the copolymer molecule yields the best agreement, within a few per cent, with the copolymer distribution. For the doubly tethered case, segments that are close, along the contour, to the tethered ends display a maximum probability density about an order of magnitude greater and a full width at half maximum about an order of magnitude smaller than segments that are far, along the contour, from the tethered ends. When the distributions are averaged over all segments of a block, the maxima of the distributions for the two segment types are within a few bond lengths of each other and are located near the tethered end of the segments connected by short bonds. The distribution for the segments connected by short bonds is highly peaked and localized, but the distribution for the segments connected by long bonds has a moderate maximum and a broad plateau of segment density extending to the other tethered end. The different segment types have maxima and full widths at half maximum that differ by about an order of magnitude from each other. The scaling of the distributions with contour length suggests that the reduced distributions are within a few per cent of each other for chains greater than 40 bonds, and the Gaussian approximation is within a few per cent of the exact solution above this length. Tabulation of the reduced distributions in the form of four-dimensional histograms, with only a moderate number of intervals in each dimension, appears promising for use in computer simulations of physical properties in the condensed phase.
Association of a Polymorphism in the β3-Adrenergic–Receptor Gene with Features of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Finns (1995)

The Trp64Arg allele of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor is associated with abdominal obesity and resistance to insulin and may contribute to the early onset of NIDDM:
Analysis of Transmit Antenna Selection/Maximal-Ratio Combining in Rayleigh Fading Channels (2005)

In this paper, we investigate a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) scheme combining transmit antenna selection and receiver maximal-ratio combining (the TAS/MRC scheme). In this scheme, a single transmit antenna, which maximizes the total received signal power at the receiver, is selected for uncoded transmission. The closed-form outage probability of the system with transmit antenna selection is presented. The bit error rate (BER) of the TAS/MRC scheme is derived for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) in flat Rayleigh fading channels. The BER analysis demonstrates that the TAS/MRC scheme can achieve a full diversity order at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), as if all the transmit antennas were used. The average SNR gain of the TAS/MRC is quantified and compared with those of uncoded receiver MRC and space-time block codes (STBCs). The analytical results are verified by simulation. It is shown that the TAS/MRC scheme outperforms some more complex space-time codes of the same spectral efficiency. The cost of the improved performance is a low-rate feedback channel. We also show that channel estimation errors based on pilot symbols have no impact on the diversity order over quasi-static fading channels.
A negative state of mind: Patterns of depressive symptoms among men with high gender role conflict. (2002)

The author investigated the relationship between patterns of depressive symptoms and subscales of the Gender-Role Conflict Scale (GRCS; J. M. O'Neil, B. J. Helms, R. K. Gable, L. David, & L. S. Wrightsman, 1986) in a sample of college-age men. A factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, A. J. Rush, B. F. Shaw, & G. Emery, 1979) identified 3 factors: Negative Attitudes, Performance Difficulties, and Physiological Symptoms. The study revealed that the factor Negative Attitudes, characterized by such symptoms as self-dislike, feelings of failure, guilt, and pessimism, was associated with higher levels of GRCS Restrictive Emotionality. The study's limitations, directions for future research, and the implications for the counseling of male clients are discussed.
Milestones in Breast Cancer Treatment (2014)

Modern treatment started in the 1880s with Halsted's mastectomy. The next milestone-a century later-was breast-conserving surgery, with equivalent survival but better esthetic outcomes than mastectomy. Sentinel node biopsy, introduced in the 1990s, was a milestone that permitted avoidance of axillary dissection if the sentinel node was disease-free. Chemotherapy was established for early breast cancer in the 1980s and its efficacy continues to improve; however side effects remain a concern, particularly since chemotherapy does not benefit most patients. External whole breast irradiation was introduced with conservative surgery, as it reduces recurrences. By the 2000s, 3-week regimens had been shown equivalent to standard 6-week regimens-easing pressure on patients and radiation centers. Intraoperative partial breast irradiation is potentially more beneficial as it permits complete local treatment in a single session; however, trials show that patients must be very carefully selected. From the 1990s irradiation technology was combined with imaging and computer technologies to produce equipment that directs radiation to more precisely defined target volumes, allowing increased dose to the target and markedly reduced dose to nearby tissues. Irradiation systems are evolving rapidly but are being implemented without data on long-term morbidity or efficacy, while costs rise steeply. The first targeted treatment was tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor inhibitor. Since its widespread use starting in the 1980s, tamoxifen has saved the lives or prolonged the survival of millions with estrogen-positive disease; it is cheap and has limited (but not negligible) side effects. The same cannot be said of newer targeted treatments like trastuzumab and pertuzumab, which, although effective against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive cancer, come with important side effects and huge costs. Breast cancer mortality is declining in rich countries, but treatments have become more demanding and more expensive, so the outlook for the increasing numbers of women worldwide who develop the disease is uncertain.
Ergebnisse (2004)

In diesem Kapitel werden die herausgearbeiteten Analyseergebnisse nach dem Kategorien-schema (vgl. Kap. 3.4) über die Sichtweisen und Handlungsstrategien der Interviewten im Umgang mit gerontopsychiatrisch erkrankten Menschen in Kurzform dargestellt. Zusätzlich werden deren Wünsche bezüglich der Unterstützung in der eigenen Arbeit herausgestellt. Bei der vergleichenden Queranalyse sind diese in den Ergebnissen enthalten. Anschließend werden die Aussagen der verschiedenen Befragten miteinander in Bezug gesetzt und verglichen.
Author response: Gut bacteria are rarely shared by co-hospitalized premature infants, regardless of necrotizing enterocolitis development (2015)

Rapid yet comprehensive, genome-resolved analysis of fecal samples from premature infants reveals little overlap in strain composition of gut microbial communities, despite co-hospitalization, and suggests the existence of barriers to strain dispersal.