gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of carbon nanotubes emitter based multi x-ray source array for digital chest tomosynthesis system (2022)

We designed an X-ray source using a carbon nanotubes-based electron emitter. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having a cylindrical structure have excellent electrical and mechanical properties. For this reason, it is suitable as an electron emitter device of a field emission method and can be used as the X-ray source. CNTs were synthesized on an alloy substrate through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and the substrate was used as a cathode in an electron emitter. The CNT-based emitter consists of a gate and a CNT cathode, and the emitter together with an anode constitutes an X-ray source. To improve the emitter's electron emission characteristics and durability, a MOSFET circuit was added between the CNT cathode and ground to enable pulse driving. In addition, the possibility of using the miniaturized X-ray sources as a multi-X-ray source arrays were confirmed by using the deMUX circuit to switch multiple emitters. The field emission characteristics of the CNT-based X-ray sources were analyzed, and it was confirmed that an X-ray image could be obtained.
Insights into Enzyme Function from Studies on Mutants of Dihydrofolate Reductase (1988)

Kinetic analysis and protein mutagenesis allow the importance of individual amino acids in ligand binding and catalysis to be assessed. A kinetic analysis has shown that the reaction catalyzed by dihydrofolate reductase is optimized with respect to product flux, which in turn is predetermined by the active-site hydrophobic surface. Protein mutagenesis has revealed that specific hydrophobic residues contribute 2 to 5 kilocalories per mole to ligand binding and catalysis. The extent to which perturbations within this active-site ensemble may affect catalysis is discussed in terms of the constraints imposed by the energy surface for the reaction.
Regulation and localization of tyrosine216phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in cellular and animal models of neuronal degeneration (2000)

Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) by S(9) phosphorylation is implicated in mechanisms of neuronal survival. Phosphorylation of a distinct site, Y(216), on GSK3beta is necessary for its activity; however, whether this site can be regulated in cells is unknown. Therefore we examined the regulation of Y(216) phosphorylation on GSK3beta in models of neurodegeneration. Nerve growth factor withdrawal from differentiated PC12 cells and staurosporine treatment of SH-SY5Y cells led to increased phosphorylation at Y(216), GSK3beta activity, and cell death. Lithium and insulin, agents that lead to inhibition of GSK3beta and adenoviral-mediated transduction of dominant negative GSK3beta constructs, prevented cell death by the proapoptotic stimuli. Inhibitors induced S(9) phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3beta but did not affect Y(216) phosphorylation, suggesting that S(9) phosphorylation is sufficient to override GSK3beta activation by Y(216) phosphorylation. Under the conditions examined, increased Y(216) phosphorylation on GSK3beta was not an autophosphorylation response. In resting cells, Y(216) phosphorylation was restricted to GSK3beta present at focal adhesion sites. However, after staurosporine, a dramatic alteration in the immunolocalization pattern was observed, and Y(216)-phosphorylated GSK3beta selectively increased within the nucleus. In rats, Y(216) phosphorylation was increased in degenerating cortical neurons induced by ischemia. Taken together, these results suggest that Y(216) phosphorylation of GSK3beta represents an important mechanism by which cellular insults can lead to neuronal death.
Segregation of Y to Grain Boundaries in the Al2 O 3 Scale Formed on an ODS Alloy (1987)

Comparaison de l'oxydation de l'alliage MA956 et d'un alliage Fe-25 Cr-10 Al a 100°C pendant 100 heures dans l'oxygene pur. Caracterisation des couches d'oxyde formees. Mise en evidence de la segregation de l'yttrium aux joints de grains de la couche d'Al 2 O 3 dans le cas de l'alliage MA956
Spherical self-consistent atomic deformation model for first-principles energy calculations in ionic crystalline solids (1996)

We present a first-principles method [called spherical self-consistent atomic deformation (SSCAD)] for calculating the energy per unit cell in ionic crystalline solids. SSCAD is a density-functional method using the local-density approximation (LDA). Wave functions are localized about each ion, resulting in a single-particle Schr\"odinger's equation for each ion. To simplify the calculation, we spherically average the potential energy in each of these equations. The electron density is determined from the self-consistent solution of these equations. SSCAD scales as order N and runs very fast, even for crystals with large unit cells. We discuss some of the limitations of SSCAD, and we give examples of using SSCAD to determine crystalline structure, phonon dispersion, elastic moduli, and charge transfer. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Neurogenesis in the enteric nervous system. (2010)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) represents the highly organized intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract and plays a critical role for all stages of postnatal life. Severe disturbances of ENS function can significantly influence life quality or, in severe cases, can have acute life-threatening effects. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the persistence of neural stem cells in postnatal gut and there seem to be many interesting parallels to the more extensively studied neural stem cells in the brain. Enteric stem cells have been proposed as an appropriate cell source to provide an alternative therapeutic option for a number of neurogastrointestinal diseases, however a better understanding of these cells would be crucial for the translation of cell-based therapies into clinic. This review tries to highlight the recent findings in the field of enteric neurogenesis and additionally gives a brief overview about the development, structure and function of the ENS and about the developmental or age-related disturbances affecting the ENS.
A l’ancienne douane (1914)

Klein Henri. A l’ancienne douane. In: Les Feuillets d'El-Djezaïr, volume 7, 1914. Visites et excursions des années 1912 et 1913. Monographies. Écrits divers. pp. 22-23.
Topical Colchicine Therapy for Recalcitrant Psoriasis (1975)

Once daily applications of 1.0% colchicine in hydrophilic ointment for 6 to 12 weeks produced substantial resolution of recalcitrant psoriatic plaques, especially those on the trunk. With occlusion, lower concentrations of the drug (0.25% and 0.50%) were usually effective. A thick viscous base (hydrophilic petrolatum) was more effective than a hydrophilic cream base (hydrophilic ointment), presumably because of greater occlusivity. Treatment with topically applied colchicine may be valuable when other measures fail to control localized thick plaques of psoriasis. Its use is still experimental and should be restricted to small areas until more is known about its percutaneous absorption.
Synthesis of Biologically Active Nonnatural Palmarumycin Derivatives (2011)

Abstract Diels–Alder reaction of benzoquinone monoacetal 1 with 1‐methoxy‐1,3‐butadiene ( 4 ) and dimethyl(1‐methyl‐3‐vinylcyclohex‐3‐enyl)(phenyl)silane ( 5 ) gave the expected adducts 2 and 3 , whereas with siloxy‐dienes such as 3‐methyl‐1‐(trimethylsiloxy)‐1,3‐butadiene ( 6 ) a 1,2‐aldol‐type adduct 9 was isolated. The Diels–Alder adduct 2 was isomerized under mild basic conditions to the olefin 10 and eliminated to the diene 11 under mild acidic or thermal conditions. The olefins 2 , 10 and 11 were subjected to epoxidation with m ‐chloroperbenzoic acid and tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide under mild basic conditions to afford the epoxides 12 , 15 , and 18 under the former conditions and 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , and 20 under the latter conditions. The olefins 1 , 2 , 10 , 11 , and 20 were also transformed into the respective cis ‐diols 21a and 23a – 26a . From theses diols the corresponding diacetates ( b ) andacetonides ( c ) were prepared. The compounds were tested against the Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli , the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium , and the fungus Microbotryum violaceum . Whereas compound 25b was the most active of the diacetates and the epoxide 18 the most active of all substances, all of the compounds were biologically active against the three test organisms, equalling and surpassing those of the natural palmarumycins.
Plasmon-enhanced single-photon sources for ultrafast quantum photonics (2021)

Nearly all existing applications of quantum photonics require strings of single indistinguishable photons produced at high rates. Plasmonic nanostructures allow a targeted and strong enhancement of light-matter interaction in a broad wavelength range, boosting single-photon emission rates from solid-state quantum defects beyond both the rate of dipole dephasing and that of plasmon absorption in metals. We establish simple and intuitive fundamental enhancement limits for plasmonic systems coupled to quantum emitters and present practical methods for achieving these advantageous regimes. We also discuss methods for the on-chip integration of such single-photon sources and related opportunities for the readout of solid-state spins.
Adaptive Machinery to Support Natural Conversations (2000)

Real-time adaptation and ongoing learning promise to provide computational machinery to support fluid conversational interaction. We will focus on representations and inferential strategies that can provide real-time adaptation to multiple characteristics of a conversation. The work approaches conversation from a perspective of inference and decision making under uncertainty. Automated methods for engaging users in conversations must address critical uncertainties about users’ attentional status, utterances, and goals. Although uncertainties arising in conversation with a computer may pertain largely to the special context of interacting with a computer, they are not uncommon in conversations among people. Limitations of speech recognition hardware and software may severely limit the abilities of computers to interpret a user’s utterances with certainty. Furthermore, automated inference procedures and representations may not be able disambiguate a user&amp;apos;s intentions and needs. However, grappling with uncertainties about someone&amp;apos;s utterances and about their associated goals is also common in human to human conversations. People frequently employ a wide range of strategies to resolve uncertainty and repair possible misunderstandings as part of a collaborative process known as grounding—or converging on a shared understanding. Although the precise nature and distribution of the uncertainties may shift in moving from human--human to human--computer conversation, we believe that there is great opportunity to develop representations and inference strategies that allow computers to engage users in a
Smooth vs. rough: an 8-year survey of mammary prostheses. (1989)

One-hundred and seventy patients (124 augmentations and 46 reconstructions) were followed for 8 post-operative years. Ninety patients received the "standard" smooth silicone mammary prosthesis, and 80 patients received a polyurethane-covered prosthesis. The longest follow-up was 4 years and the shortest was 1 year, with the average just over 2 years. Six types of complications were registered, with three attributed to implant design (wrinkles, draping, capsules) and three to the operator or surgery (infection, hematoma, extrusion). Firm capsule formation was considered a complication only if another intervention (reoperation, closed capsulotomy, etc.) was recommended by the surgeon or requested by the patient. Ninety-six percent of the patients with polyurethane prostheses had a satisfactory (grade II) or better than satisfactory (grade IA or IB) result, whereas 72 percent of the patients with a standard silicone-gel prosthesis achieved a satisfactory (grade II) or better than satisfactory (grade IA or IB) result. Technical details for use of polyurethane prostheses are given, as well as complications inherent to the polyurethane-covered implant.
Laminar VASO fMRI in focal hand dystonia patients (2023)

Focal Hand Dystonia (FHD) is a disabling movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements, cramps and spasms. It is associated with pathological neural microcircuits in the cortical somatosensory system. While invasive preclinical modalities allow researchers to probe specific neural microcircuits of cortical layers and columns, conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cannot resolve such small neural computational units. In this study, we take advantage of recent developments in ultra-high-field MRI hardware and MR-sequences to capture altered digit representations and laminar processing in FHD patients. We aim to characterize the capability and challenges of layer-specific imaging and analysis tools in resolving laminar and columnar structures in clinical research setups. We scanned N = 4 affected and N = 5 unaffected hemispheres at 7T and found consistent results of altered neural microcircuitry in FHD patients: 1) In affected hemispheres of FHD patients, we found a breakdown of ordered finger representation in the primary somatosensory cortex, as suggested from previous low-resolution fMRI. 2) In affected primary motor cortices of FHD patients, we furthermore found increased fMRI activity in superficial cortico-cortical neural input layers (II/III), compared to relatively weaker activity in the cortico-spinal output layers (Vb/VI). Overall, we show that layer-fMRI acquisition and analysis tools have the potential to address clinically-driven neuroscience research questions about altered computational mechanisms at the spatial scales that were previously only accessible in animal models. We believe that this study paves the way for easier translation of preclinical work into clinical research in focal hand dystonia and beyond.
Carbonic Anhydrase in the Cornea (1974)

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase activity in the corneas of adult man, human fetus, monkey, rabbit, rat, cow, pig and American bullfrog was examined by the histochemical method of Hansson. In all species the endothelial cells were intensely and distinctly stained for carbonic anhydrase activity. The enzyme inhibitor acetazolamide at 10 ‐ ‐ 5 M in the incubation medium completely, and at 10 ‐ ‐ 6 M almost completely, inhibited the staining. There was no staining in other parts of the cornea with the possible exception of a few cells in the frog epithelium. Endothelium, epithelium and stroma of cow and rabbit corneas were dissected and homogenized. The carbonic anhydrase activity was determined by a changing pH, indicator method. Only the endothelium showed activity and this was sensitive to inhibition by acetazolamide.
Depth-aided image inpainting for novel view synthesis (2010)

Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) technique has been recognized as a promising tool for supporting advanced 3D video services required in MultiView Video (MVV) systems. However, an inherent problem with DIBR is to fill newly exposed areas (holes) caused by disocclusions. This paper addresses the disocclusion problem. To deal with small disocclusions, hole-filling strategies have been designed by the state-of-the-art through pre-processing techniques of the depth video. For larger disocclusions, where depth pre-processing has some limitations, we propose an inpainting approach to retrieve missing pixels. Specifically, we propose in the texture and structure propagation process to take into account the depth information by distinguishing foreground and background parts of the scene. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
RSV infection of human airway epithelial cells causes production of the beta-chemokine RANTES (1997)

Infection of airway epithelial cells with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) results in the production of a restricted number of cytokines, which may modulate the inflammatory response to infection. To get a better understanding of epithelial cell-mediated inflammatory processes in RSV disease, the aim of the present study was to identify the production of mononuclear cell/eosinophil/mast cell inflammatory chemokines [monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, and RANTES] during productive RSV infection in airway epithelial cells. Normal human primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures, nasal epithelial cell explants, and the BEAS-2B airway epithelial cell line were inoculated with RSV, and chemokine induction was assessed during the phase of logarithmic increase in infectious virus production. Only RANTES was found to increase in epithelial cell cultures in an infection-dependent manner. Furthermore, RANTES was released only by RSV-producing cells. To determine whether RANTES was induced by RSV infection in vivo, RANTES was measured in nasal lavage fluids (NLF) from children with RSV-positive and RSV-negative upper respiratory infection and children when they were well. RANTES was increased significantly during RSV infection (128 +/- 38 pg/ml NFL) compared with non-RSV infection (42 +/- 12 pg/ml NFL) and with asymptomatic baseline (13 +/- 4 ng/ml NFL) in the same children. Because RANTES is an effective eosinophil and memory T cell chemoattractant and activator and because eosinophil-dominated inflammation is a hallmark of asthmatic airways, RANTES may play a role in the pathogenesis of RSV-induced exacerbations of airway reactivity and wheezing.
Features on Various Monitoring for Laser Welding and Their Application (3). Correspondence of Detective Signals to the Welds on Plate with Artificial Defects. (1998)

We are researching the plasma behavior in laser welding and the applicability to monitoring. We reported the direct observation method for laser welding and clarifying the formation of shield gas plasma by detective signals in the first paper. And we reported the appearances of the detected signals with laser welding conditions in the second paper. This paper describes the correspondence of the directive signals to the bead on plate with artificial defects.The main results are as follows;⋅The signals of spectrum emission and plasma potential changed their wave form at touched together stainless plates.⋅The combination of the signals from the spectrum emission and plasma potential gave more definite information on the welding abnormality, such as fluctuation of penetration depth, etc.⋅Three detective signals were changed at the vertical hole and their wave forms varied before the hole position.⋅The molten flow was observed by longitudinal cross section in weld test which Ni powder is packed in side holes.This work was performed under the management of ALERI (Applied Laser Engineering Research Institute) as a part of "the Leasing Basic Research Practical Use of Research Facility Centers" supported by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).
Figure S8 from Unbiased Detection of Driver Mutations in Extramammary Paget Disease (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of mutational signature analysis by an alternative analysis method&lt;/p&gt;
LXXXVIII.—The methylurethanes of the isomeric α-hydroxyphenylethyldimethylamines and their miotic activity (1929)

E. Stedman and E. Stedman, J. Chem. Soc., 1929, 609 DOI: 10.1039/JR9290000609
Baryons 2002: proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Structure of Baryons (2003)

Angela Biselli is a contributing author, "STUDY OF THE Δ(1232) USING DOUBLE-POLARIZATION ASYMMETRIES." Article abstract: An extensive experimental program to measure the spin structure of the nucleons is underway in Hall B at Jefferson Lab using a polarized electron beam incident on polarized hydrogen and deuterium targets, consisting of frozen NH3 and ND3 material. Spin degrees of freedom offer the possibility to test, in an independent way, existing models of resonance electroproduction. The most accessible resonance is the Δ(1232) since it does not overlap with other states and decays strongly via π emission. The present analysis select the Δ+(1232) in the exclusive channel from data of the EG1 run period, taken in the Fall of 1998, to extract single and double spin asymmetries in a Q2 range from 0.5 to 1.5 GeV2/c2. Results of the asymmetries are presented as a function of the center of mass decay angles of the π0 and compared with the unitary isobar model and two dynamic models.
Organic Inhibitors of Corrosion, Aliphatic Amines (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Inhibitors of Corrosion, Aliphatic AminesCharles A. Mann, Byron E. Lauer, and Clifford T. HultinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 2, 159–163Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50314a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50314a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Perspective on Databases and data mining (1995)

We discuss the use of database methods for data mining. Recently impressive results have been achieved for some data mining problems using highly specialized and clever data structures. We study how well one can manage by using general purpose database management systems. We illustrate our ideas by investigating the use of a dbms for a well-researched area: the discovery of association rules. We present a simple algorithm, consisting of only union and intersection operations, and show that it achieves quite good performance on an efficient dbms. Our method can incorporate inheritance hierarchies to the association rule algorithm easily. We also present a technique that effectively reduces the number of database operations when searching large search spaces that contain only few interesting items. Our work shows that database techniques are promising for data mining: general architectures can achieve reasonable results. Introduction Data mining is an area in the intersection of machin...
Nanoparticulate flurbiprofen reduces amyloid-β42 generation in an in vitro blood–brain barrier model (2013)

In this study, we were able to show that flurbiprofen can be transported by PLA nanoparticles across an in vitro BBB model and most importantly, the transported flurbiprofen modulated γ-secretase activity by selectively decreasing Aβ42 levels. These results demonstrate that the modification of drugs via embedding in nanoparticles is a promising tool to facilitate drug delivery to the brain, which enables future development for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD.