gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transluminal catheter implanted prosthetic heart valves (1998)

Implantation of prosthetic heart valves requires open heart surgery. Recently, two new artificial heart valves have been developed for implantation by a transluminal catheter technique without using thoracotomy or extracorporal circulation. A balloon-expandable, biological stent valve was developed in Europe and implanted in 70–80 kg pigs. Implantation was performed in the descending thoracic aorta (n=6), in the ascending aorta (n=5), and in the left ventricular outflow tract (n=4). A mechanical cage-ball, self-expandable stent valve was developed in the USA and implanted in 21–27 kg dogs in the left ventricular outflow tract (n=12). Acute hemodynamic and angiographic studies showed that catheter implantation of artificial heart valves is feasible and the valves were competent. Complications were related to partial restriction of coronary flow caused by the biological valve, and embolization of parts of the mechanical valve. However, these early experimental studies indicate that the development of a biological and a mechanical-prosthetic aortic valve for transcatheter placement is feasible.
Basoluminal Carcinoma: A New Biologically and Prognostically Distinct Entity Between Basal and Luminal Breast Cancer (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Breast carcinomas expressing basal epithelium cytokeratins constitute a tumor subgroup that is typically hormone receptor negative and shows a distinct gene expression profile. Based on variable basal cytokeratin immunostaining patterns, we hypothesized that the “basal phenotype” tumor group may comprise more than one biological entity. Experimental Design: Basal cytokeratins 5 and 14 (CK5/14) were stained by immunohistochemistry and the percentage of positive cells was defined by image analysis. The results thus obtained were compared with clinicopathologic characteristics and relapse-free survival. Results: Of the 506 breast tumors, 53 (10.5%) showed immunoreactivity for CK5/14. Basal cytokeratin expression showed up as two microscopically distinguishable subtypes, i.e., a uniformly positive type (“basal”) and a partially positive type (“basoluminal”) often displaying a checkerboard-type intratumoral heterogeneity. These subgroups could also be separated with a third basal cytokeratin (CK17, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Both basal and basoluminal subtypes were hormone receptor negative and of high grade, but differed with respect to the Ki-67 labeling index (P = 0.0014), vimentin (P = 0.005), and c-kit (P = 0.02), which were more frequently expressed in basal than in basoluminal tumors. In contrast, the amplification of HER-2 was found almost exclusively in the basoluminal subgroup (P = 0.009). Compared with the basal tumors, basoluminal tumors associated with significantly shorter relapse-free survival (P = 0.01), which was not explained by their more frequent HER-2 amplification. Conclusions: We conclude that the intratumoral heterogeneity in basal cytokeratin expression can be used to define two distinct breast cancer subtypes, basal and basoluminal, with distinctive features related to proliferation activity, oncogene and biomarker status, and patient survival.
Molecular membrane separation: plants inspire new technologies (2023)

Plants draw up their surrounding soil solution to gain water and nutrients required for growth, development and reproduction. Obtaining adequate water and nutrients involves taking up both desired and undesired elements from the soil solution and separating resources from waste. Desirable and undesirable elements in the soil solution can share similar chemical properties, such as size and charge. Plants use membrane separation mechanisms to distinguish between different molecules that have similar chemical properties. Membrane separation enables distribution or retention of resources and efflux or compartmentation of waste. Plants use specialised membrane separation mechanisms to adapt to challenging soil solution compositions and distinguish between resources and waste. Coordination and regulation of these mechanisms between different tissues, cell types and subcellular membranes supports plant nutrition, environmental stress tolerance and energy management. This review considers membrane separation mechanisms in plants that contribute to specialised separation processes and highlights mechanisms of interest for engineering plants with enhanced performance in challenging conditions and for inspiring the development of novel industrial membrane separation technologies. Knowledge gained from studying plant membrane separation mechanisms can be applied to developing precision separation technologies. Separation technologies are needed for harvesting resources from industrial wastes and transitioning to a circular green economy.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Antipolysaccharide Antibody Specificity: Responses to Meningococcal Group C Conjugate Vaccines and Bacteria (2004)

Antibody (Ab) responses to polysaccharides (PS), such as Neisseria meningitidis group C PS (MCPS), are characterized as being thymus independent and are restricted with regard to clonotype and isotype expression. PS conjugated to proteins, e.g., MCPS coupled with tetanus toxoid or the diphtheria toxin derivative CRM197, elicit thymus-dependent responses. The present study developed a surface plasmon resonance approach to evaluate Ab responses to MCPS conjugate vaccines, including either O-acetylated (OAc+) or de-O-acetylated (OAc-) forms of the PS. The results were generally consistent with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed that sera from mice immunized with conjugate vaccines contain Abs that bind more effectively to OAc+ and OAc- MCPS than sera from mice immunized with fixed bacteria. The data suggest a critical shared or overlapping epitope recognized by all the conjugate vaccine immune sera and strategies for assessing polyclonal Ab avidity.
Measuring Torque and Temperature in a Rotating Shaft Using Commercial SAW Sensors (2017)

Real-time monitoring of torque in a rotating shaft is not easy to implement with technologies such as optic fiber sensors or strain gages. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are wireless and passive and can be used to monitor strain in moving parts. Commercial solutions (sensors, antennas and interrogation unit) can easily be purchased from some companies; however, they are not customized and may not meet the specificity of the measurements. In order to evaluate the adequacy of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions, temperature and strain sensors fabricated by SENSeOR (Besançon, France) were mounted on a load cell. The sensors were calibrated using a thermal chamber and a universal testing machine. The load cell was then assembled together with a steel shaft that rotated at different speeds inside an oven. The commercial antennas were replaced with an RF (radio frequency) coupler and the sensors were interrogated with the commercial interrogation unit. The influence of rotation in the accuracy on the measurements, as well as the adequacy of the sensors structure, was evaluated. It can be concluded that SAW sensors can be used to measure temperature or torque in a rotating environment; however, some customization of the components is required in order to overcome the limitations posed by COTS sensing solutions.
Special Workshop: Kolsky/Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing of Ceramics (2006)

A special workshop on Kolsky Bar/Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing of Armor Ceramics was held in conjunction with the 29th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Cocoa Beach, FL, on 27 January 2005. This special report is a collection of the pertinent information from that workshop.
Are current SGLT2 Inhibitors efficacious treatment options for Type 1 diabetes? (2021)

Type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is widely known to affect people of all ages, including children and young adults. T1DM is an autoimmune disease whose predominant condition is complete lack of insu...
The Cardiac Conduction System (2007)

Orderly contractions of the atria and ventricles are regulated by the transmission of electrical impulses that pass through modified cardiac muscle cells (the cardiac conduction system) interposed within the contractile myocardium. This intrinsic conduction system is composed of specialized subpopulations of cells that spontaneously generate electrical activity (pacemaker cells) or preferentially conduct this activity throughout the heart. Following an initiating activation (or depolarization) within the myocardium, this electrical excitation spreads throughout the heart in a rapid and highly coordinated fashion. This system of cells also functionally controls the timing of the transfer of activity between the atrial and ventricular chambers. Interestingly, a common global architecture is present in mammals, with significant interspecies differences existing at the histological level (,).
Microstructure and Chemical Properties of c-BN Films Prepared by ME-ARE (2004)

c-BN film was synthesized using ME-ARE on Si substrate. The deposition process was optimized via the Taguchi method. The optimized conditions were as follows: substrate temperature, anode (plasma) current, Ar/N2 ratio, pulse frequency, duty frequency, bias voltage and deposition time were 500°C, 15A, 3, 1 kHz, 50%, -130V and 15 min, respectively. The crosssectional TEM observation revealed that the c-BN films with a thickness of 100nm ~300nm were composed of two layers, a columnar h-BN layer with a thickness of 30nm~40 nm normal to Si substrate and a c-BN structure.
Development of a Broad-Specificity Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoaffinity Chromatography Cleanup for Organophosphorus Pesticide Determination in Environmental Samples (2012)

An immunoaffinity chromatographic (IAC) method for the selective extraction and concentration of 13 organophosphorus pesticides (OPs, including coumaphos, parathion, phoxim, quinalphos, dichlofenthion, triazophos, azinphos-ethyl, phosalone, isochlorthion, parathion-methyl, cyanophos, disulfoton, and phorate) prior to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The IAC column was prepared by covalently immobilizing a monoclonal antibody with broad specificity for OPs on CNBr-activated Sephrose 4B. The column capacity ranged from 884 to 2641 ng/mL of gel. The optimum elution solvent was 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline containing 80% methanol. The breakthrough volume of the IAC column was found to be 400 mL. Recoveries of OPs from spiked environmental samples by IAC cleanup and HPLC-MS/MS analysis ranged from 60.2 to 107.1%, with a relative standard deviation below 11.1%. The limit of quantitation for 13 OPs ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 ng/mL (ng/g). The application of IAC cleanup coupled to HPLC-MS/MS in real environmental samples demonstrated the potential of this method for the determination of OP residues in environmental samples at trace levels.
Surface Free Energy Modification of Crude Rubber Using Oxygen Plasma and Uv Laser Treatment (2013)

A study has been made of the surface properties of nitrile-butadiene rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer crude rubber, basic raw materials for offset lithographic printing blankets manufacturing. Increased surface free energy of the crude rubber was achieved by treatment with the low-pressure oxygen plasma. After plasma activation, samples were treated using a UV laser to deactivate the surface layer. The surface free energy was calculated on the basis of contact angles with different liquids. Plasma-treated samples had higher surface free energy, especially the polar component, and the effect was larger for nitrile-butadiene rubber samples. This surface free energy decreased after exposure to UV laser light. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to detect possible changes in chemical structure of the surface, but no differences were obtained. Changes of surface free energy were thus most likely a consequence of changes in the surface structure.
Choice of an optimum multichannel Nd:glass laser system for fusion experiments (1980)

A comparison has been made between proposed configurations for Nd-glass laser systems for fusion. Detailed theoretical modeling of pulse propagation has been carried out using a linearized model with the variables taken to be time, axial coordinate, and one transverse coordinate. A non-temporally varying, three-spatial dimension model was also used to correct the linearized two-spatial dimension calculations. A 10(5) J system using 200 slab amplifiers and 20 spatial filters and having a 10(-4) rad divergence appears feasible.
Sustained complete cytologic and molecular remission induced by donor leucocyte infusions alone in an acute myeloblastic leukaemia in relapse after bone marrow transplantation (1996)

Therapeutic options for treatment of recurrence of leukaemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are limited. A beneficial effect of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) has not previously been described in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) relapse. We report a case of AML with t(8;21), relapsing 3 months after BMT, who received DLI without adjuvant chemotherapy or growth factors. The patient developed acute GVHD and achieved a rapid complete remission of his AML by both cytologic and molecular criteria of at least 14 months duration, thereby showing that DLI for AML in relapse after BMT is an alternative therapeutic option.
The Preparation of 2-Heptenal and 2-Nonenal (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of 2-Heptenal and 2-NonenalC. J. Martin, A. I. Schepartz, and B. F. DaubertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 7, 2601–2602Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01187a511https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01187a511research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anticataract Activity of Analogs of a Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (2004)

The initiation of sugar cataract formation by the aldose reductase catalyzed accumulation of sorbitol in diabetic rats, and its prevention by the administration of aldose reductase inhibitors at the onset or early stages of diabetes, has been well established. In contrast, the inhibition of sorbitol dehydrogenase by 4-[4-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)piperazino]-2-hydroxymethylpyrimidine (SDI-1) has been observed to increase the onset in severity of sugar cataract formation in diabetic rats. Two analogs of SDI-1 have been synthesized, where the 4-(2-hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine ring has been replaced with either a 4-(2,6-dimethoxy)-pyrimidine ring or a 2-pyrimidine ring. Neither compound, 2-[4-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)piperazino]-pyrimidine (SRA-1) or 4-[4-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl) piperazino]-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (SRA-2), demonstrated significant sorbitol dehydrogenase or aldose reductase inhibition. Oral administration of these compounds to streptozotocin diabetic rats, however, delayed cataract formation without reducing the levels of hyperglycemia or lens polyol.
The Best Answers? Think Twice: Online Detection of Commercial Campaigns in the CQA Forums (2012)

In an emerging trend, more and more Internet users search for information from Community Question and Answer (CQA) websites, as interactive communication in such websites provides users with a rare feeling of trust. More often than not, end users look for instant help when they browse the CQA websites for the best answers. Hence, it is imperative that they should be warned of any potential commercial campaigns hidden behind the answers. However, existing research focuses more on the quality of answers and does not meet the above need. In this paper, we develop a system that automatically analyzes the hidden patterns of commercial spam and raises alarms instantaneously to end users whenever a potential commercial campaign is detected. Our detection method integrates semantic analysis and posters' track records and utilizes the special features of CQA websites largely different from those in other types of forums such as microblogs or news reports. Our system is adaptive and accommodates new evidence uncovered by the detection algorithms over time. Validated with real-world trace data from a popular Chinese CQA website over a period of three months, our system shows great potential towards adaptive online detection of CQA spams.
The Bis(η6‐benzene)lithium Cation: A Fundamental Main‐Group Organometallic Species (2021)

The synthesis and characterization of the bis(η<sup>6</sup> -benzene)lithium cation, the benzene metallocene of the lightest metal, is reported. The boron compound FmesBCl<sub>2</sub> [Fmes: 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] reacted with three molar equivalents of the lithio-acetylene reagent Li-C≡C-Fmxyl [Fmxyl: 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]. Subsequent crystallization from benzene gave the [bis(η<sup>6</sup> -benzene)Li]<sup>+</sup> cation with the [{FmesB(-C≡C-Fmxyl)<sub>3</sub> }<sub>2</sub> Li]<sup>-</sup> anion. This parent [(arene)<sub>2</sub> Li]<sup>+</sup> cation shows an eclipsed arrangement of the pair of benzene ligands at the central lithium cation with uniform carbon-lithium bond lengths. The corresponding [(η<sup>6</sup> -toluene)<sub>2</sub> Li]<sup>+</sup> and [(η<sup>6</sup> -durene)<sub>2</sub> Li]<sup>+</sup> containing salts were similarly prepared. The bis(arene)lithium cations were characterized by X-ray diffraction, by solid-state <sup>7</sup> Li MAS NMR spectroscopy and their bonding features were analyzed by DFT calculations.
Oxygen vacancy and hydrogen in amorphous HfO2 (2023)

Abstract Amorphous hafnium dioxide (a-HfO 2 ) is widely used in electronic devices, such as ultra-scaled field-effect transistors and resistive memory cells. The density of oxygen vacancy (OV) defects in a-HfO 2 strongly influences the conductivity of the amorphous material. Ultimately, OV defects are responsible for the formation and rupture of conductive filament paths which are exploited in novel resistive switching devices. In this work, we studied neutral OV in a-HfO 2 using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:math> methods. We investigated the formation energy of OV, the binding energy of di-OVs, the OV migration, unperturbed and in the close presence of a hydrogen atom, as well as the migration of hydrogen atom towards OV. A shallow and short-range OV migration barrier (0.6 eV) exists in a-HfO 2 in contrast to the barrier (2.4 eV) in crystalline HfO 2 . Nearby hydrogen has a limited impact on the OV migration; however, hydrogen can diffuse easily by hopping among OVs.
The Impact of Ion Migration on the Electro‐Optic Effect in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites (2021)

Abstract Electro‐optic (EO) modulation allows the conversion of electrical signals to optical pulses and is widely employed in telecommunications and chip‐to‐chip interconnects. Recently, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have been explored as candidates for EO modulators. To improve the EO performance, it is envisioned that halide doping will lower the symmetry of the crystal, enhancing spontaneous polarization. However, mixed halide perovskites are often associated with ion migration, which may impact their EO properties. Thus, the influence of ion migration on the EO efficiency is investigated using Br‐doped Dion–Jacobson quasi‐2D HOIPs, (4AMP)(MA)Pb 2 (Br x /I 1− x ) 7 (4AMP = 4‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium, MA = methylammonium). While density functional theory predicts a greater spontaneous polarization for the Br‐doped sample, it is found that experimental results are affected by ion migration. The EO coefficient of the Br/I mixed sample is 95 pm V −1 at 1 kHz (≈50× higher than the undoped sample), but the response falls off rapidly with frequency. This frequency dependence is correlated with impedance spectroscopy, showing that the large EO signal results from ion migration. This study shows that ion migration impacts the EO analysis of mixed halide perovskites and must be considered in future EO studies.
<title>Subpixel resolution for target tracking</title> (1993)

Optical sensing mechanisms are designed to provide adequate resolution for the images of the intended objects. Often, the image of an object is so small that the resolution of the image falls beyond the resolution of the sensing device, and some method must be used to attain finer resolution. In these cases, a model-based approach, in which a parametric object model is assumed, can attain the desired sub-pixel resolution capabilities. In the model-based approach, the object model is convolved with the optical system and then matched against the limited number of available sensor samples. The unknown parameters of the object model are then determined by an appropriate estimation technique. This study will focus on estimating the two-dimensional location parameters (i.e. (x,y) location ) of a single point source from a limited number of sensor readings. We present a comparative study of three estimation techniques: maximum likelihood, centroiding, and conditional mean. The sub-pixel resolution capability of these techniques will be studied as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The Cramer-Rao theoretical lower bound for unbiased estimators is derived for this problem, and it is shown that the maximum likelihood solution attains the Cramer-Rao bound for SNR’s considered. The merits and deficiencies of the three estimation techniques and their applicability to solving the problem for multiple point sources will also be addressed.
Fundamental Power and Frequency Limits of Deeply-Scaled CMOS for RF Power Applications (2006)

This study compares the RF power performance of 65 nm and 0.25 mum CMOS devices integrated on an advanced 65 nm process, and discusses their power and frequency limitations for the first time. The authors demonstrate output power levels of about 80 mW for 65 nm devices, and 450 mW for 0.25 mum devices when operated at their nominal voltages of 1.0 and 2.5 V respectively. The authors find that output power as well as the maximum frequency is limited by parasitic resistances in the backend. The results provide insight into the performance potential of RF power amplifiers integrated into advanced CMOS technologies in SoC applications
Mode locking of a continuous wave neodymium doped fibre laser with a linear external cavity (1990)

The mode locking of a neodymium-doped silica fibre laser using a linear external cavity is demonstrated. Pulses of ̃200 ps have been generated from a simple system which may potentially be scaled to high (GHz) repetition rates.