gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extreme Extraction -- Machine Reading in a Week (2011)

We report on empirical results in extreme extraction. It is extreme in that (1) from receipt of the ontology specifying the target concepts and relations, development is limited to one week and that (2) relatively little training data is assumed. We are able to surpass human recall and achieve an F1 of 0.51 on a question-answering task with less than 50 hours of effort using a hybrid approach that mixes active learning, bootstrapping, and limited (5 hours) manual rule writing. We compare the performance of three systems: extraction with handwritten rules, bootstrapped extraction, and a combination. We show that while the recall of the handwritten rules surpasses that of the learned system, the learned system is able to improve the overall recall and F1.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Thiazinen, VII. Reaktionen von 3‐Thiocyanato‐propionyl‐derivaten mit Aminen (1977)

Abstract 3‐Thiocyanato‐propionsäureester und ‐amide reagieren mit aliphatischen, aromatischen und heterocyclischen Aminen unter Salzbildung zu Thiocyanaten.
The characteristics of high-resistance layers produced in n-GaAs using MeV-nitrogen implantation for three-dimensional structuring (1997)

The radiation damage introduced in n-GaAs by 4-MeV N+ implantation at a dose of 1×1015 cm−2 has been analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Implantation followed by annealing at 600 °C was found to produce a strongly compensated near-surface layer possessing a high crystalline quality. At the same time a pronounced disorder was found underneath the high-resistance layer which enables the fabrication of 2.5-μm thick free-standing membranes using selective electrochemical etching techniques.
Lead-Free Cesium Titanium Bromide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals (2021)

Double perovskites are a promising family of lead-free materials that not only replace lead but also enable new optoelectronic applications beyond photovoltaics. Recently, a titanium (Ti)-based vacancy-ordered double perovskite, Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub>, has been reported as an example of truly sustainable and earth-abundant perovskite with controversial results in terms of photoluminescence and environmental stability. Our work looks at this material from a new perspective, i.e., at the nanoscale. We demonstrate the first colloidal synthesis of Cs<sub>2</sub>TiX<sub>6</sub> nanocrystals (X = Br, Cl) and observe tunable morphology and size of the nanocrystals according to the set reaction temperature. The Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> nanocrystals synthesized at 185 °C show a bandgap of 1.9 eV and are relatively stable up to 8 weeks in suspensions. However, they do not display notable photoluminescence. The centrosymmetric crystal structure of Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> suggests that this material could enable third-harmonic generation (THG) responses. Indeed, we provide a clear evidence of THG signals detected by the THG microscopy technique. As only a few THG-active halide perovskite materials are known to date and they are all lead-based, our findings promote future research on Cs<sub>2</sub>TiBr<sub>6</sub> as well as on other lead-free double perovskites, with stronger focus on currently unexplored nonlinear optical applications.
Binding Sites of Quinones in Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Centers Investigated by Light-Induced FTIR Difference Spectroscopy: Assignment of the Interactions of Each Carbonyl of QA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides Using Site-Specific 13C-Labeled Ubiquinone (1994)

Light-induced QA-/QA FTIR difference spectra of the photoreduction of the primary quinone (QA) have been obtained for Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers (RCs) reconstituted with ubiquinone (Q3) labeled selectively with 13C at the 1- or 4-position of the quinone ring, i.e., on either of the two carbonyls. The vibrational modes of the quinone in the QA site are compared to those in vitro. IR absorption spectra of films of the labeled quinones show that the two carbonyls contribute equally to the split C = O band at 1663-1650 cm-1. This splitting is assigned to the two different geometries of the methoxy group nearest to each carbonyl. The QA-/QA spectra of RCs reconstituted with either 13C1- or 13C4-labeled Q3 and with unlabeled Q3 as well as the double differences calculated from these spectra exhibit distinct isotopic shifts for the bands assigned to C = O and C = C vibrations of the neutral QA. For the unlabeled QA, these bands correspond to the bands at 1660, 1628, and 1601 cm-1 previously detected upon nonselective isotopic labeling [Breton, J., Burie, J.-R., Berthomieu, C., Berger, G., & Nabedryk, E. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 4953-4965]. The 1660-cm-1 band is unaffected upon selective labeling at C4 but shifts to approximately 1623 cm-1 upon 13C1 labeling, demonstrating that this band arises from the C1 carbonyl, proximal to the isoprenoid chain. The band at 1628 cm-1 shifts by 11 and 16 cm-1 upon 13C1 and 13C4 labeling, respectively, and is assigned to a C = C mode coupled to both carbonyls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lymphocyte doubling time in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an update of its prognostic significance. (1987)

Clinical staging systems represent an important advance in predicting the course speed of CLL. Clinical staging systems do not, however, offer information with respect to the speed of evolution of the disease. Lymphocyte doubling time (LDT) is a simple parameter that is useful in arriving at a valid prognosis in CLL. Whereas a high LDT (greater than 12 months) identifies a population with a very good prognosis (median survival, not reached), a low LDT (less than or equal to 12 months) is associated with a poorer survival (median survival, 58 months). In addition, a short LDT predicts rapid disease progression in patients in the early clinical stages.
Del Miedo al Amor (2006)

Se trata de buscar una explicacion a la contradiccion tan manifiesta que hay entre la supuesta naturaleza compasiva y solidaria del hombre y el mundo tan caotico y deteriorado en el que convivimos. 
La experiencia del amor condicional, conforma una segunda y enfermiza 
naturaleza donde el miedo se convierte en el motor de nuestros pensamientos, 
sentimientos y relaciones. 
Del Miedo al Amor, es una invitacion a la identificacion del miedo fundamental 
como requisito unico y necesario para el reencuentro con nuestra verdadera 
naturaleza.
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF HIGH POWER ENERGY RECOVERY LINACS (2006)

We have been operating a high-power energy-recovery linac (ERL) at Jefferson Lab for several years. In the process we have learned quite a bit about both technical and physics limitations in high power ERLs. Several groups are now considering new ERLs that greatly in-crease either the energy, the current or both. We will present some of our findings on what to consider when designing, building, and operating a high power ERL. Our remarks for this paper are limited to lattice design and setup, magnets, vacuum chamber design, diagnostics, and beam stability.
Extrinsic fiber optic displacement sensors and displacement sensing systems (2023)

An extrinsic Fizeau fiber optic sensor comprises a single-mode fiber, used as an input/output fiber, and a multimode fiber, used purely as a reflector, to form an air gap within a silica tube that acts as a Fizeau cavity. The Fresnel reflection from the glass/air interface at the front of the air gap (reference reflection) and the reflection from the air/glass interface at the far end of the air gap (sensing reflection) interfere in the input/output fiber. The two fibers are allowed to move in the silica tube, and changes in the air gap length cause changes in the phase difference between the reference reflection and the sensing reflection. This phase difference is observed as changes in intensity of the light monitored at the output arm of a fused biconical tapered coupler. The extrinsic Fizeau fiber optic sensor behaves identically whether it is surface mounted or embedded, which is unique to the extrinsic sensor in contrast to intrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors. The sensor may be modified to provide a quadrature phase shift extrinsic Fizeau fiber optic sensor for the detection of both the amplitude and the relative polarity of dynamically varying strain. The quadrature light signals may be generated by either mechanical or optical means. A plurality of the extrinsic sensors may connected in cascade and multiplexed to allow monitoring by a single analyzer.
Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum), Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Control in Fallow (1995)

Jointed goatgrass, downy brome, and horseweed are increasingly troublesome winter annual weeds during fallow periods in conservation-tillage systems in the southern Great Plains. These experiments determined the optimum weed size, vigor, and minimum herbicide rate required for 95% or better control of these weeds on fallow land. Jointed goatgrass and downy brome were controlled best when plants were 10 cm or less tall and growing vigorously at time of treatment. Horseweed was controlled best when plants were 30 cm tall and growing vigorously. Based on local retail and application costs and assuming optimum conditions for control, the two most economical herbicide treatments that controlled each weed 95% or better were: jointed goatgrass, clethodim at 250 g ai/ha and glyphosate + 2,4-D at 249 + 479 g ae/ha; downy brome, quizalofop at 18 g ai/ha and glyphosate + 2,4-D at 582 + 950 g ae/ha; and horseweed, 2,4-D at 560 g ae/ha and metsulfuron at 5 g ai/ha.
Electroabsorption in single quantum well GaAs laser structures (1989)

The electric field dependent spectral properties of a GaAs graded barrier quantum well heterostructure laser are measured for the first time. Data are presented which show that the electroabsorption below the band gap is due to states in the confinement layers which are perturbed by the quantum well under high field conditions. This effect, which is intermediary between the quantum confined Stark effect and bulk Franz–Keldysh effect, should be present in all quantum well systems with shallow wells in short, high field depletion regions.
Nonlinear Regression with Logistic Product Basis Networks (2014)

We introduce a novel general regression model that is based on a linear combination of a new set of non-local basis functions that forms an effective feature space. We propose a training algorithm that learns all the model parameters simultaneously and offer an initialization scheme for parameters of the basis functions. We show through several experiments that the proposed method offers better coverage for high-dimensional space compared to local Gaussian basis functions and provides competitive performance in comparison to other state-of-the-art regression methods.
On predicting the operational thermal resistance of electronic components (2002)

The thermal resistance of electronic components is known to often differ considerably between standard test conditions and those found in service. One way to correct for this is to use multi-parameter thermal resistances. Another, presented here, is to adjust the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance to take account of operational conditions. For forced convection, two factors are proposed to take account of these conditions; the first is due to any upstream aerodynamic disturbance, and the second is due to any purely thermal interaction. Thus, for an upstream powered component, the two factors are combined. It is shown that both factors may be quantified in terms of readily measured temperatures and then used as coefficients to adjust the standard thermal resistance to operational conditions. To overcome current problems with the definition of an electronic package thermal resistance, it is redefined to include both the resistance of the package and its thermal footprint on the board. New data is presented for an array of board mounted 160-lead devices, showing how the factors vary with component position, nondimensional power distribution and Reynolds number.
Automated production and analysis of echo contrast agents. (1986)

To develop and standardize contrast agents for use in contrast echocardiographic imaging, microbubble size, concentration, decay, and ultrasound backscatter must be known. These parameters were assessed with a scanning laser particle counter, a commercial ultrasound unit, and various sonicated intravenous solutions. The scanning laser particle counter proved to be a fast and effective means of evaluating microbubble size, concentration, and stability. In addition, sonication was found to be a reliable and reproducible technique for preparing standardized echo contrast agent solutions containing uniformly small microbubbles. The bubbles generated ranged in size from 1 to 15 micron in diameter. All solutions had mean bubble diameters less than 6 micron. The half life of solutions ranged from 44 +/- 12 seconds for Hypaque 50%, to 253 +/- 73 seconds for Iopamidol. Addition of the surfactant to dextrose 70% prolonged bubble half life from 58 +/- 12 seconds to 1018 +/- 276 seconds. Phased array two-dimensional echocardiography of sonicated microbubble solutions, and subsequent videodensitometric analysis, revealed that bubble concentration was directly proportional to echo-reflective properties, and that the solutions have significant ultrasound reflective properties in vitro at concentrations of less than 1500 bubbles/ml.
HCW 2020 Keynote Speaker Edge Intelligence Empowering IoT Data Analytics (2020)

Along with the many developments in computing and communication technologies and the surge of mobile devices, a brand new paradigm, Edge Computing (EC), has gained a lot of momentum in recent times. In parallel, Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications have been thriving fuelled by breakthroughs in deep learning and the emergence of new hardware architectures. Billions of bytes of data, generated at the network edge which is composed of a multitude of heterogeneous devices, put great demands on data processing and structural optimization which led to a genuine demand for the integration of EC and AI leading to what is known today as Edge Intelligence (EI). n this talk, I will discuss how EI is rapidly increasing the convergence between humans, things, and Al. I will briefly review some of our designs for the development of EI and present how to rethink decisions that are made by "black box" Al approaches when implementing analytics on data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT). This does not provide a clear explanation of how a method works and why it behaves in a certain way. Lack of explanation might not be an issue for those IoT applications which have less privacy constraints, but it can be a barrier to the adoption of such systems in highly regulated domains. I will argue that explainable Edge Al is the key to social acceptance of an even wider deployment of IoT applications.
Iomeprol: Current and Future Profile of a Radiocontrast Agent (2001)

The overall results of numerous randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical studies in a variety of indications show that the diagnostic efficacy of iomeprol solutions does not differ significantly from that of the low-osmolar contrast media available on the marketplace when similar iodine strengths are used, although iomeprol may have better tolerability and safety than the ionic dimer and some of the nonionic monomers in selective applications. First results obtained with iomeprol-containing liposomal formulations are promising and may foster additional clinical testing.
HYPERTONIC SALINE AND DEXTRAN (1989)

s of Papers to be Presented at the 49th Annual Session American Association for the Surgery of Trauma: PDF Only
Impact of dissolved carbon dioxide concentration on the process parameters during its conversion to acetate through microbial electrosynthesis (2018)

The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) released from industry can help to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere while at the same time producing value-added chemicals and contributing to carbon fixation.
Longitudinal analysis of the expression of human decay accelerating factor (HDAF) on lymphocytes, in the plasma, and in the skin biopsies of transgenic pigs (1996)

Abstract: Pigs transgenic for the regulators of human complement activation, such as decay accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP), and CD59, have recently been produced as a means to overcome the organ shortage for clinical transplantation. Histological investigations in DAF transgenic pigs have demonstrated that large amounts of the transgenic protein are expressed on the endothelium of the organs, where hyperacute rejection is known to initiate. Several papers have recently appeared in the literature that show considerable variability in the expression of a transgene over the lifespan of a transgenic animal. In order to evaluate the consistency in the expression of the transgene in our human DAF (HDAF) transgenic pigs, we have analyzed 22 newborn transgenic pigs and 5 control littermates (group A) over a 6‐month period and 11 long‐term surviving transgenic animals (group B). In all the animals from group A, HDAF expression was investigated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in the plasma as a free circulating molecule at weekly intervals in the first month of life and monthly thereafter. In the same animals, HDAF expression was also analyzed on endothelial cells using sequential ear biopsies. Moreover, HDAF expression was evaluated on the endothelial cells of our longest surviving transgenic animals (group B) and compared with that observed in the biopsy taken at birth. Over the observation period, considerable variability was found in the blood of most animals from group A, both in the percentage of cells expressing the transgene and the mean number of HDAF molecules per cell. In the same animals, free circulating HDAF levels were shown to be very high at birth, progressively declining to a nadir reached between the second and the fifth week of life. No statistically significant correlation could be found between these three hematological parameters. Over the duration of the study, consistent expression of HDAF in the tissues was, however, found at the different time points in all the newborn animals from group A. Moreover, very high levels of HDAF, at least comparable to those observed at birth, were still detected in the skin biopsies of all the animals from group B after more than 18 months of life (mean: 25.18 ± 3.46; range: 21–31 months). Thus, our data show that over an observation period of up to 6 months, there is consistency in the expression of HDAF on the endothelium of serially collected skin biopsies from HDAF transgenic pigs and that levels of HDAF similar to those observed at birth are expressed by these transgenic animals after more than 2 years of life. Hematological parameters such as expression of HDAF on PBMC or measurements of free circulating HDAF in the plasma do not seem to correlate with the expression of HDAF on the endothelial cells.
Viral immunosuppression: disabling the guards (2004)

When facing an immune response, viruses can either attempt to elude them or confront them. A new report demonstrates that a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain can suppress immune responses by targeting both development and activation of DCs. Ironically, type I IFN released in response to LCMV infection contributes to the blockade of DC development. The discovery of these immunosuppressive mechanisms provides new perspectives for the therapy of chronic infections associated with immunosuppression.
Nicotine Activates and Up-Regulates Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Bronchial Epithelial Cells (2008)

Prenatal nicotine exposure impairs normal lung development and leads to diminished pulmonary function after birth. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that nicotine alters lung development by affecting a nonneuronal cholinergic autocrine loop that is expressed in lung. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) express choline acetyltransferase, the choline high-affinity transporter and nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) subunits. We now demonstrate through a combination of morphological and electrophysiological techniques that nicotine affects this autocrine loop by up-regulating and activating cholinergic signaling. RT-PCR showed the expression of alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 7, alpha 9, alpha 10, beta2, and beta 4 nAChR mRNAs in rhesus monkey lung and cultured BECs. The expression of alpha 7, alpha 4, and beta2 nAChR was confirmed by immunofluorescence in the cultured BECs and lung. The electrophysiological characteristics of nAChR in BECs were determined using whole-cell patch-clamp on cultured BECs. Both ACh and nicotine evoked an inward current, with a rapid desensitizing current. Nicotine induced inward currents in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC(50) of 26.7 microM. Nicotine-induced currents were reversibly blocked by the nicotinic antagonists, mecamylamine, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and methyllcaconitine. Incubation of BECs with 1 microM nicotine for 48 hours enhanced nicotine-induced currents by roughly 26%. The protein tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor, genistein, increased nicotine-induced currents by 58% and enhanced methyllcaconitine-sensitive currents (alpha 7 nAChR activities) 2.3-fold, whereas the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate, decreased the effects of nicotine. These results demonstrate that chronic nicotine exposure up-regulates nAChR activity in developing lung, and that nAChR activity can be further modified by tyrosine phosphorylation.
Analysis of predicted loss-of-function variants in UK Biobank identifies variants protective for disease (2018)

Less than 3% of protein-coding genetic variants are predicted to result in loss of protein function through the introduction of a stop codon, frameshift, or the disruption of an essential splice site; however, such predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants provide insight into effector transcript and direction of biological effect. In >400,000 UK Biobank participants, we conduct association analyses of 3759 pLOF variants with six metabolic traits, six cardiometabolic diseases, and twelve additional diseases. We identified 18 new low-frequency or rare (allele frequency < 5%) pLOF variant-phenotype associations. pLOF variants in the gene GPR151 protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes, in the gene IL33 against asthma and allergic disease, and in the gene IFIH1 against hypothyroidism. In the gene PDE3B, pLOF variants associate with elevated height, improved body fat distribution and protection from coronary artery disease. Our findings prioritize genes for which pharmacologic mimics of pLOF variants may lower risk for disease.