gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pointing the Unknown Words (2016)

The problem of rare and unknown words is an important issue that can potentially effect the performance of many NLP systems, including traditional count-based and deep learning models.We propose a novel way to deal with the rare and unseen words for the neural network models using attention.Our model uses two softmax layers in order to predict the next word in conditional language models: one predicts the location of a word in the source sentence, and the other predicts a word in the shortlist vocabulary.At each timestep, the decision of which softmax layer to use is adaptively made by an MLP which is conditioned on the context.We motivate this work from a psychological evidence that humans naturally have a tendency to point towards objects in the context or the environment when the name of an object is not known.Using our proposed model, we observe improvements on two tasks, neural machine translation on the Europarl English to French parallel corpora and text summarization on the Gigaword dataset.
Towards Highly Automated Machine-Learning-Empowered Monitoring of Motor Test Stands (2021)

The development of new electric traction machines requires a complex process of experimentation due to the many factors that affect motor performance. Dedicated test benches, which are complex and vulnerable to failures during experiments, generate heterogeneous multivariate time series data collected by multiple sensors. Failures or anomalous states in these systems can slow down the development and testing process enormously. This article proposes a new and innovative approach to machine-learning-empowered monitoring and predictive maintenance for motor test benches. It allows to optimize the test process and reduce costly test bench downtime, with a self-improvement cycle to respond to new operation areas during run-time, integration of new components, continuous knowledge integration of human operators, autonomous parameter updating of machine-learning models, and hardware accelerated monitoring. Based on a first case study, we show that our procedure produces promising results based on the raw data for failure detection and failure type classification, representing an essential block of self-awareness in the system. A dedicated hardware-accelerated machine-learning online monitoring allows to meet critical time constraints and optimise power consumption. In a second case study, we demonstrate automated word-width reductions, which results in a smaller implementation of the network and reduce the needed memory bandwidth. All by keeping floating point accuracy and taking reconfigurable constant coefficient multiplication instead of generic multiplication into account.
Pain management in arthritis: evidence-based guidelines. (2003)

Doctor Vasudevan is Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Clinical Professor of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was a member of American Pain Society panel on developing guidelines for the management of pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis. Doctor Potts is a resident in Neurology, University of New York-Rochester. Ms Mehrotra is an epidemiologist at the Wisconsin Division of Public Health. Please address correspondence to Sridhar V. Vasudevan, MD, PO Box 240860, Milwaukee, WI 53224-9023. INTRODUCTION Pain is a complex biological, psychological, and social process and a significant factor that influences function and quality of life for individuals with arthritis. Arthritis is a generic term that describes many different and usually painful conditions, the most common of which is osteoarthritis.1,2 Despite significant advances in the understanding of pain mechanisms, many people with arthritis experience levels of acute and chronic pain that decrease their function and quality of life.2 In 2002, the American Pain Society (APS), a multidisciplinary pain organization committed to the improvement of the management and study of pain associated with many conditions, published evidence-based guidelines for management of pain in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile chronic arthritis.2 Optimal management of individuals with arthritis, in addition to appropriate diagnosis and management of the underlying condition when possible, should address pain management. This article provides highlights of the assessment and management of individuals with pain associated with arthritis.
An Effective Synthesis of (±)-(E)-2-Amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic Acid by Palladium(II)-assisted Migration of the Double Bond (1990)

A new approach for the synthesis of (±)-(E)-2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid (E-APPA) is described. The key intermediate, (E)-5-acetoxy-3,4-dehydronorvaline derivative 8, was prepared by [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl acetate 7 in the presence of Pd(II) catalyst. The acetoxy group in 8 was transformed into the phosphonyl group to furnish (E)-APPA in a moderate yield.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIBIOTICS FROM ALGAE. XVI. POLYHYDROXYPHENYL ETHERS FROM THE PHAEOPHYTA HALIDRYS SILIQUOSA (1977)

Abstract Aus einem Gemisch acetylierter Phenole, das aus H. siliquosa (L.) Lyngbye erhalten wird, können mehrere Verbindungen isoliert werden, darunter die Hauptkomponente (I) (peracetyliertes Heptafuhalol; massenspektroskopische Untersuchung von (I) sowie seinem Desacetyl‐permethyl‐Derivat).
EFFECT OF METABOLIC CONTROL AND DURATION ON EXERCISE ‐ INDUCED ALBUMINURIA IN DIABETIC TEEN‐AGERS (1983)

Nineteen type I diabetic teen-agers without clinical signs of nephropathy with a duration of diabetes varying from 3 to 16.8 years were examined by a standardized exercise test for analysis of urinary excretion of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin. The patients were studied both in poor and improved (but not perfect), metabolic control as defined by HbA1c and blood glucose profiles, and the values were compared to those of 14 age-matched healthy controls. The controls showed no increase in albumin excretion rate during exercise as was found in diabetic patients. The albumin excretion rate during exercise was significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) to systolic blood pressure in the diabetic patients. Blood pressure in the diabetic patients was, however, similar to that of controls both at rest and during exercise. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin did not change during exercise. The urinary albumin excretion during exercise decreased significantly with improved metabolic control in diabetic patients, but the albumin excretion rate was not correlated with either blood or urinary glucose or diuresis during the exercise test. When metabolic control was improved there was a significant correlation between the increase in albumin excretion rate during exercise and the duration of diabetes, indicating that part of the exercise-induced albumin excretion might reflect irreversible morphological changes in the diabetic kidney. This test might therefore have a predictive value for diabetic nephropathy if performed during strict metabolic control.
Mechanisms of simian virus 40 T-antigen activation by phosphorylation of threonine 124 (1996)

Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen at threonine 124 enhances the binding of T antigen to the SV40 core origin of replication and the unwinding of the core origin DNA via hexamer-hexamer interactions. Here, we report that threonine 124 phosphorylation enhances the interaction of T-antigen amino acids 1 to 259 and 89 to 259 with the core origin of replication. Phosphorylation, therefore, activates the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen even in the absence of domains required for hexamer formation. Activation is mediated by only one of three DNA binding elements in the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen. This element, including amino acids 167, 215, and 219, enhances binding to the unique arrangement of four pentanucleotides in the core origin but not to other pentanucleotide arrangements found in ancillary regions of the SV40 origin of replication. Interestingly, the same four pentanucleotides in the core origin are necessary and sufficient for phosphorylation-enhanced DNA binding. Further, we show that phosphorylation of threonine 124 promotes the assembly of high-order complexes of the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen with core origin DNA. We propose that phosphorylation induces conformational shifts in the minimal DNA binding domain of T antigen and thereby enhances interactions among T-antigen subunits oriented by core origin pentanucleotides. Similar subunit interactions would enhance both assembly of full-length T antigen into binary hexamer complexes and origin unwinding.
Context-aware Natural Language Generation with Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

This paper studied generating natural languages at particular contexts or situations. We proposed two novel approaches which encode the contexts into a continuous semantic representation and then decode the semantic representation into text sequences with recurrent neural networks. During decoding, the context information are attended through a gating mechanism, addressing the problem of long-range dependency caused by lengthy sequences. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches on user review data, in which rich contexts are available and two informative contexts, sentiments and products, are selected for evaluation. Experiments show that the fake reviews generated by our approaches are very natural. Results of fake review detection with human judges show that more than 50\% of the fake reviews are misclassified as the real reviews, and more than 90\% are misclassified by existing state-of-the-art fake review detection algorithm.
Clinically applicable artificial intelligence system for dental diagnosis with CBCT (2021)

In this study, a novel AI system based on deep learning methods was evaluated to determine its real-time performance of CBCT imaging diagnosis of anatomical landmarks, pathologies, clinical effectiveness, and safety when used by dentists in a clinical setting. The system consists of 5 modules: ROI-localization-module (segmentation of teeth and jaws), tooth-localization and numeration-module, periodontitis-module, caries-localization-module, and periapical-lesion-localization-module. These modules use CNN based on state-of-the-art architectures. In total, 1346 CBCT scans were used to train the modules. After annotation and model development, the AI system was tested for diagnostic capabilities of the Diagnocat AI system. 24 dentists participated in the clinical evaluation of the system. 30 CBCT scans were examined by two groups of dentists, where one group was aided by Diagnocat and the other was unaided. The results for the overall sensitivity and specificity for aided and unaided groups were calculated as an aggregate of all conditions. The sensitivity values for aided and unaided groups were 0.8537 and 0.7672 while specificity was 0.9672 and 0.9616 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.032). This study showed that the proposed AI system significantly improved the diagnostic capabilities of dentists.
Information Modeling for Virtual and Augmented Reality (2017)

Smart building is a rising interdisciplinary research field that aims to improve the monitoring, management, and maintenance of buildings. The authors present an innovative solution for combining building information modeling (BIM) data with ambient information collected by heterogeneous devices deployed in the building. To collect environmental information, they exploit a distributed software architecture. It enables interoperability between heterogeneous data sources--either physical devices, such as sensor nodes, or third-party software such as Archibus--where building information resides. On top of this infrastructure, they developed an Android-based application that presents environmental building information integrated with BIM data in an augmented and virtual reality environment. The proposed solution gives users awareness about building conditions and energy consumption.
Sodium metasilicate affects growth of Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets stored at 4°C for 7 days (2012)

The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial effects of sodium metasilicate (SMS) against Salmonella and psychrotrophic organisms in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets and to ascertain the effects of SMS treatments on pH. Chicken breast fillets were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium treated with 0% SMS and no inoculum (negative control), 0% SMS and inoculum (positive control), 1% SMS, or 2% SMS solutions and stored at 4 ± 1°C. All samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d for Salmonella, psychrotrophic organisms, and pH. The fillets that were treated with 1 or 2% SMS had lower (P < 0.05) Salmonella counts as compared with those of the positive control at 3 through 7 d. Reductions in Salmonella Typhimurium were 0.83 to 0.91 log cfu/g and 1.04 to 1.16 log cfu/g for 1 and 2% SMS treatments, respectively. The psychrotrophic counts were similar (P > 0.05) for all treatments. The pH values for samples treated with 1 or 2% SMS were higher (P < 0.05) when compared with those of the negative and positive controls. This study revealed that SMS could restrict the growth of pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh poultry.
Introduction to TRP Channels: Structure, Function, and Regulation (2009)

Transient receptor potential or TRP families of ion channels demonstrate great diversity in activation and inhibition, and they are diverse in selectivity of ion conductance. TRP ion channels function as signal integrators through their ion conductance properties, and in some cases kinase activity. They mediate processes such as vision, taste, olfaction, hearing, touch, and thermo- and osmosensation. TRP cation channels function by mediating the flux of Na(+) and Ca(2+) across the plasma membrane and into the cytoplasm. The influx of cations into the cytoplasm depolarizes cells and is necessary for action potentials in excitable cells such as neurons. In non-excitable cells, membrane depolarization by TRP ) and-channels stimulates voltage- dependent channels (Ca(2+), K(+), Cl(-) influences many cellular events, such as transcription, translation, contraction, and migration. TRP channels are important in human physiology, and mutations in TRP genes are associated with at least four diseases. Furthermore, altered expression, function, and/or regulation of TRP channels have been implicated in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension.
Quantitation of Chill-Induced Release of a Tubulin-Like Factor and Its Prevention by Abscisic Acid in Gossypium hirsutum L. (1983)

The degree of tubulin polymerization in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala) cotyledonary tissue was estimated by radioimmunoassay which measured the amount of a tubulin-like factor. It was assumed that the release of this tubulin-like factor indicated depolymerization of microtubules. Exposure to chilling resulted in complete release of the tubulin-like factor. Pretreatment with abscisic acid in the light almost completely prevented the chill-induced release of the tubulin-like factor. Addition of colchicine during the chilling period accelerated the release of the tubulin-like factor. Pretreatment with abscisic acid greatly reduced this effect of colchicine. It is concluded that the destruction of the microtubular network is involved in the development of chilling injury in cotton. Abscisic acid apparently decreased chilling injury by stabilization of the microtubular network.
An Improved Model for the hTERT Promoter Quadruplex (2014)

Mutations occur at four specific sites in the hTERT promoter in >75% of glioblastomas and melanomas, but the mechanism by which the mutations affect gene expression remains unexplained. We report biophysical computational studies that show that the hTERT promoter sequence forms a novel G-quadruplex structure consisting of three contiguous, stacked parallel quadruplexes. The reported hTERT mutations map to the central quadruplex within this structure, and lead to an alteration of its hydrodynamic properties and stability.
Searching for Target-Selective Compounds Using Different Combinations of Multiclass Support Vector Machine Ranking Methods, Kernel Functions, and Fingerprint Descriptors (2009)

The identification of small chemical compounds that are selective for a target protein over one or more closely related members of the same family is of high relevance for applications in chemical biology. Conventional 2D similarity searching using known selective molecules as templates has recently been found to preferentially detect selective over non-selective and inactive database compounds. To improve the initially observed search performance, we have attempted to use 2D fingerprints as descriptors for support vector machine (SVM)-based selectivity searching. Different from typically applied binary SVM compound classification, SVM analysis has been adapted here for multiclass predictions and compound ranking to distinguish between selective, active but non-selective, and inactive compounds. In systematic database search calculations, we tested combinations of four alternative SVM ranking schemes, four different kernel functions, and four fingerprints and were able to further improve selectivity search performance by effectively removing non-selective molecules from high ranking positions while retaining high recall of selective compounds.
Latency-Driven Replica Placement (2006)

This paper presents HotZone, an algorithm to place replicas in a wide-area network such that the client-to-replica latency is minimized. Similar to the previously proposed HotSpot algorithm, HotZone places replicas on nodes that along with their neighboring nodes generate the highest load. In contrast to HotSpot, however, HotZone provides nearly-optimal results by considering overlapping neighborhoods. HotZone relies on a geometric model of Internet latencies, which effectively reduces the cost of placing K replicas among N potential replica locations from O(N 2) to O(N·max(logN, K)).
Effect of Chlorogenic Acids on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2018)

(1) Background: Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) have been attracting interest of late, owing to their health benefits. Here, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether CGAs improved cognitive function in humans. (2) Methods: Thirty-eight healthy participants were assigned to either the CGA group, which was given CGA-added beverage daily for 16 weeks, or the placebo group. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Japanese version of the CNS Vital Signs (Cognitrax). (3) Results: The CGA group showed significant increase in the Cognitrax domain scores for motor speed, psychomotor speed, and executive function compared with the placebo group, as well as an improvement in the shifting attention test scores. In blood analysis, the CGA group showed increased levels of apolipoprotein A1 and transthyretin, both of which are putative biomarkers for early-stage cognitive decline. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that CGAs may improve some cognitive functions, which would help in the efficient performance of complex tasks.
J054044 Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Microbubble Two-phase Vertical Flow in a Pipe (2012)

The heat-transfer coefficients decrease in a drag-reducing surfactant solution flow. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective method for enhancing the heat transfer of a surfactant solution flow. The objective of this study is to examine the heat transfer enhancement effect when microbubbles are injected into a drag-reducing surfactant solution flow. Specifically, the relationship between microbubble size and the heat transfer enhancement of a surfactant solution flow was investigated experimentally. Microbubbles were generated using a porous metal pipe placed in a test pipe. The flow patterns observed in air microbubble-surfactant solution two-phase flows were fine bubbly; these patterns were independent of microbubble size. The heat transfer enhancement effect depends on the air-surfactant solution flow ratio or microbubble size. An increase in the air-surfactant solution flow ratio or decrease in the microbubble size leads to a greater heat transfer enhancement effect.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (1992)

RAMA KRISHNAN, K. RANGA MD; ELLINWOOD, EVERETT H. JR MD; NEMEROFF, C. B. MD, PHD Author Information
Programmable Architectures and Design Methods for Two-Variable Numeric Function Generators (2010)

This paper proposes programmable architectures and design methods for numeric function generators (NFGs) of two-variable functions. To realize a two-variable function in hardware, we partition a given domain of the function into segments, and approximate the function by a polynomial in each segment. This paper introduces two planar segmentation algorithms that efficiently partition a domain of a two-variable function. This paper also introduces a design method for symmetric two-variable functions (i.e. f(X, Y)=f(Y, X)). This method can reduce the memory size needed for symmetric functions by nearly half with small speed penalty. The proposed architectures allow a systematic design of various two-variable functions. We compare our approach with one based on a one-variable NFG. FPGA implementation results show that, for a complicated function, our NFG achieves 57% of memory size and 60% of delay time of a circuit designed based on a one-variable NFG.
Prediction of pathological nodal involvement by CT‐based Radiomic features of the primary tumor in patients with clinically node‐negative peripheral lung adenocarcinomas (2018)

Features derived on primary lung tumor described by semantic and radiomic could provide information of pathological nodal involvement in clinical N0 peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 209KB, Positivity for SALL4, OCT3/4, keratins, EpCAM and Cellsearch(registered trademark) assay in control cell lines. A, Double fluorescence staining for SALL4 (green) / keratins (orange) and OCT3/4 (green) / EpCAM (orange) counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize cells' nuclei in 4 different germ cell tumor cell lines (magnification: 400x). Scale bar, 50 microm. B, Representation of the staining of tumor cells from 4 different germ cell tumor cell lines spiked into blood of healthy donors using the Cellsearch(registered trademark) assay. C, Representative images of primary testicular germ cell tumor samples positive for SALL4, OCT3/4, keratins and EpCAM immunohistochemical staining counterstained with Hematoxylin to visualize cells' nuclei (magnification - 400x, scale bar - 50 microm). (CK, cytokeratin. PE, phycoerythrin. APC, allophycocyanin. DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). D, Dot-like pattern keratin (orange) staining in TCam-2 and NT2 cell lines, counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize cells' nuclei (magnification: 1000x). Scale bar, 20 microm.&lt;/p&gt;