gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lignin valorisation for chemicals and (transportation) fuels via (catalytic) pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation (2009)

Abstract New technology is needed to exploit the potential of lignin as a renewable feedstock for fuels, chemicals and performance products. Fast fluidized bed pyrolysis of different lignins at 400°C yields up to 21 wt% (d.b.) of a phenolic fraction containing 10 wt% (d.b.) of several phenols. Subsequent catalytic hydrotreating of this phenolic fraction with 100 bar of hydrogen in dodecane at 350°C yields mainly cycloalkanes, cyclohexanols and alkanes. For the production of monomeric phenols, it appears that the used ruthenium on carbon is a too active catalyst. However, cyclohexanols may be interesting products, e.g., for use as oxygenates in engine fuel. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Supplementary Fig. 5 from Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine to Prevent Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss in Children: A Nonrandomized Controlled Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. 5 Progression-free survival in NAC treated and observation patients&lt;/p&gt;
Method of null steering in phased array antenna systems (1990)

A method for calculating current distributions on a phased array antenna is presented. The method produces steerable major lobes for transmission purposes and multiple independently steerable nulls for rejection of unwanted signals during transmission. The method allows fine tuning of the nulls based upon a set of linear equations and is ideally suited to the implementation of vertical phased array antenna systems operating in the HF frequency spectrum. Several examples are presented.
Human CD4+ T Cell Responses to the Dog Major Allergen Can f 1 and Its Human Homologue Tear Lipocalin Resemble Each Other (2014)

Lipocalin allergens form a notable group of proteins, as they contain most of the significant respiratory allergens from mammals. The basis for the allergenic capacity of allergens in the lipocalin family, that is, the development of T-helper type 2 immunity against them, is still unresolved. As immunogenicity has been proposed to be a decisive feature of allergens, the purpose of this work was to examine human CD4+ T cell responses to the major dog allergen Can f 1 and to compare them with those to its human homologue, tear lipocalin (TL). For this, specific T cell lines were induced in vitro from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Can f 1-allergic and healthy dog dust-exposed subjects with peptides containing the immunodominant T cell epitopes of Can f 1 and the corresponding TL peptides. We found that the frequency of Can f 1 and TL-specific T cells in both subject groups was low and close to each other, the difference being about two-fold. Importantly, we found that the proliferative responses of both Can f 1 and TL-specific T cell lines from allergic subjects were stronger than those from healthy subjects, but that the strength of the responses within the subject groups did not differ between these two antigens. Moreover, the phenotype of the Can f 1 and TL-specific T cell lines, determined by cytokine production and expression of cell surface markers, resembled each other. The HLA system appeared to have a minimal role in explaining the allergenicity of Can f 1, as the allergic and healthy subjects' HLA background did not differ, and HLA binding was very similar between Can f 1 and TL peptides. Along with existing data on lipocalin allergens, we conclude that strong antigenicity is not decisive for the allergenicity of Can f 1.
OVIS-2: A Robust Distributed Architecture for Scalable RAS. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Cytokine modulation of endothelial cell sensitivity to photodynamic therapy (1993)

The purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant angiogenic cytokines modulate the sensitivity of endothelial cells to the toxic effects of chloroaluminum sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in 24-well tissue culture plates were pretreated for 24 hr with AlSPc and either acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1), or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF) followed by argon-pumped dye laser. Endothelial cell damage was monitored with 51chromium release. FGF, TGF, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1, enhanced the PDT-mediated damage to endothelial cells, whereas PDGF and TNF did not significantly modulate toxicity. The enhanced endothelial cell damage was seemingly not related to rate of cell proliferation or amount of photoactive drug uptake by the EC. These results suggest that presence of tumor secreted cytokines may enhance PDT-mediated toxicity of tumor associated endothelial cells.
P4‐326: Normal extracellular Zn++ levels and absence of Ab oligomers at post‐synapses mark the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's neuropathology who evade dementia (2011)

Growing experimental evidence suggests that the early symptoms of cognitive dysfunction in AD are likely due to the impact of amyloid beta (Abeta) oligomers on synapses. However, the mechanism of oligomeric Abeta association with synapses in the AD brain and its relevance to cognitive decline in the actual human disease is still elusive. We used sub-synaptic fractionation, immunoblots, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immuno-gold electron microscopy (EM) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) to determine sub-synaptic distribution of Abeta and heavy metals in hippocampi from control, mild cognitive impaired (MCI), AD patients and rare non-demented individuals with severe AD neuropathology (NDAN). Immunoblots revealed Abeta oligomers in the post-synapses of MCI and AD, but not in control or NDAN cases. However, Western blots on total protein extracts showed comparable levels Abeta oligomers in both AD and NDAN cases. GF-AAS detection showed that extracellular levels of Zn++, a metal that has been implicated in targeting Abeta oligomers to the synapse, was increased in AD but not NDAN cases. On the other hand, NDAN had higher Zn++ levels in pre-synaptic vesicles as compared to AD, suggesting efficient Zn++ re-uptake/sequestration. Lastly, AD cases showed decreased hippocampal pCREB, a transcription factor essential for synaptic plasticity and memory, as compared to control and NDAN cases and this decrease correlated with the presence of Abeta on synapses and cognitive decline. These results show selective postsynaptic localization of Abeta oligomers in both MCI and AD, suggesting that this is an early phenomenon in disease progression. More notably, our data show for the first time in humans that exclusion of Abeta oligomers from the post-synaptic density is sufficient to prevent cognitive decline, even in the presence of soluble Abeta oligomers and advanced Tau pathology. Furthermore, our data indicate that the mechanism responsible for preventing Abeta oligomers association with synapses in NDAN brains may involve effective intra-synaptic Zn++ regulation, allowing the NDAN synapse to abort Abeta oligomer binding. Full understanding of such mechanism would reveal a novel pharmacological target, obviously effective in humans, to halt cognitive decline in AD.
A Simulation of the Influence of Corrosive Agents in Electrodeposition on Microprofiles (1991)

Using a numerical simulation, the effect of: corrosive agents consumed at the transport‐limited rate on developing metal deposit profiles is characterized as a function of the relative rates of corrosion and electrodeposition; the relative importance of ohmic and kinetic resistances in determining the current distribution; and the geometry of the system. Corrosive agents are shown to blunt sharp features even for current efficiencies as high as 99%. Significant leveling is demonstrated if the current distribution is dominated by charge transfer kinetics and the rate of corrosion is on the order of the rate of electrodeposition.
Unified Performance Analysis of Antenna Selection Schemes for Cooperative MIMO-NOMA With Practical Impairments (2021)

This paper presents a unified outage probability (OP) performance analysis of two hybrid antenna selection (AS) schemes, transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal ratio combining (MRC), and joint transmit and receive antenna selection (JTRAS) in multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multiple access based downlink amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network with channel estimation error (CEE) and feedback delay (FD). Since the communications in the first and second hops are kinds of single-user and multi-user communications, respectively the AS is done as optimal TAS/MRC or JTRAS is applied in the first hop while the suboptimal majority-based TAS/MRC or JTRAS is employed in the second hop. For both TAS/MRC and JTRAS schemes, the OP expressions are derived in single closed-form over Nakagami- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channels in the practical and ideal cases. Moreover, in the practical case, the lower bound OP expressions are found and at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, the OP reaches an error floor value, which means zero-diversity order. In the ideal case, asymptotic OP expressions are obtained in high SNR regime and demonstrate achievable non-zero diversity and array gains. Finally, through simulations and software-defined radio-based real-time tests, the accuracy of theoretical analysis is validated.
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (2011)

In collaborative learning, interaction among learners is essential for effective knowledge acquisition and increased understanding. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environments often inhibit or cause problems with learner-learner interactions. This chapter takes an applied perspective of what the instructor can do to identify and manage learner-learner relationships in a CSCL environment. Using a model of virtual team effectiveness, we identify potential motivational, cognitive, and affective problems between learners that are often exacerbated by computer-mediated technologies. Recommendations for instructor interventions designed to promote effective learner interactions are offered. This information will provide insight to both corporate trainers and K-12 educators on how instructors can promote appropriate and positive learner-learner interaction in CSCL environments.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Determination of cyanide by a pervaporation–UV photodissociation–potentiometric detection approach (2002)

An automated system for the determination of total cyanide in water samples was developed. Stable metal–cyanide complexes such as Fe(CN)63− are photodissociated in an acidic medium with a UV lamp. The released hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is pervaporated and collected in dilute NaOH solution acting as an acceptor. The cyanide ion is isolated from interferents such as sulfide and determined potentiometrically using an ion-selective electrode. The content of cyanide in three wastewater samples obtained with the new method was compared with the results provided by the EPA method OIA-1677 for the determination of total cyanide in water samples. Excellent agreement was obtained in all instances. The method can be applied over a wide range of concentrations (0.4–200 μg l−1 CN− and 0.05–50 mg l−1 CN− using injection volumes of 200 and 50 μl, respectively). The sample throughput of the system is 40 h−1 and the detection limit for total cyanide is 0.01 μg l−1.
["De novo" cancer after organ transplantation]. (1996)

From March 1972 to 1st of January 1996, 804 kidney, liver and pancreas transplants were performed in 690 patients. 39 post transplant cancers occurred in 27 patients. 21 skin tumors (15 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 basocellular carcinomas, 1 squamous carcinoma, 1 melanoma), 4 squamous cancers (anus, esophagus, tongue, and parotid), 4 post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma T, 4 gynecological tumors (breast, ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis, 2 uterine cervix cancers), 4 miscellaneous tumors (larynx, right colon, brain, prostate, own kidney). 14 patients died (14/27: 52%). Post transplant de novo cancers are a major risk in transplant patients These cancers are mainly represented by skin tumors and lymphomas. Skin cancers are mainly spinocellular and occur in the areas which are exposed to the sun. Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are very close to Burkitt's lymphoma, they produced B lymphocyte proliferation due to the reduction of the control of T lymphocytes and induced by Epstein-Barr virus. They can disappear with the diminution of immunosuppression.
The operation mode control of hybrid urban bus (2011)

This paper introduces the structure of powertrain system based on hybrid urban bus. The scheme of operation mode control is proposed according to the analysis of operation modes. Through the vehicle tests, the experimental results verify that the shifting of operation modes respond rapidly and correctly under the control of the vehicle controller.
Diffusion tensor imaging detects microstructural reorganization in the brain associated with chronic irritable bowel syndrome (2013)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurring abdominal pain associated with alterations in bowel habits. We hypothesized that patients with chronic visceral pain associated with IBS may have microstructural differences in the brain compared with healthy control subjects (HCs), indicative of long-term neural reorganization of chronic pain pathways and regions associated with sensory integration. In the current study we performed population-based voxel-wise diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) comparisons and probabilistic tractography in a large sample of phenotyped patients with IBS (n=33) and in HCs (n=93). Patients had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in thalamic regions, the basal ganglia (BG) and sensory/motor association/integration regions as well as higher FA in frontal lobe regions and the corpus callosum. In addition, patients had reduced mean diffusivity (MD) within the globus pallidus (GP) and higher MD in the thalamus, internal capsule, and coronal radiata projecting to sensory/motor regions, suggestive of differential changes in axon/dendritic density in these regions. Sex differences in FA and MD were also observed in the patients but not in HCs. Probabilistic tractography in patients confirmed a higher degree of connectivity between the thalamus and prefrontal cortex, as well as between the medial dorsal thalamic nuclei and anterior cingulate cortex, and a lower degree of connectivity between the GP and thalamus. Together, these results support the hypothesis that patients with chronically recurring visceral pain from IBS have long-term microstructural changes within the brain, particularly in regions associated with integration of sensory information and corticothalamic modulation.
Altered glutamate–glutamine and amide proton transfer-weighted values in the hippocampus of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A novel combined imaging diagnostic marker (2023)

The combination of right hippocampal Glx levels and APTw values improved the diagnostic performance for aMCI, indicating it as a promising combined imaging diagnostic marker. Our study provided a potential imaging diagnostic strategy of aMCI, which may promote early detection of aMCI and facilitate timely intervention to delay the pathological progress toward AD.
Long-term Remission After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (2002)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has the potential for sustained remission and the possibility of cure for young patients with advanced and recalcitrant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Even in the absence of complete remission, an allogeneic graft-vs-tumor effect may provide an immune mechanism to control the malignant T-cell process and alter the natural history of disease.
Time-resolved photo and radio-luminescence studies demonstrate the possibility of using InGaN/GaN quantum wells as fast scintillators (2015)

In the recent publication by Hospodková et al, the authors investigate III-N quantum well structures as potential fast scintillators (Hospodková et al 2014 Nanotechnology 25 455501). The InGaN/GaN quantum well structures are grown using metal organic vapour phase epitaxy on a sapphire substrate and the fast carrier decay times are characterized by time resolved photo and radioluminescence.
Megalin Is Predominantly Observed in Vesicular Structures in First and Third Trimester Cytotrophoblasts of the Human Placenta (2016)

The membrane receptor megalin is crucial for normal fetal development. Besides its expression in the developing fetus, megalin is also expressed in the human placenta. Similar to its established function in the kidney proximal tubules, placental megalin has been proposed to mediate uptake of vital nutrients. However, details of megalin expression, subcellular localization, and function in the human placenta remain to be established. By immunohistochemical analyses of first trimester and term human placenta, we showed that megalin is predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblasts, the highly proliferative cells in placenta. Only limited amounts of megalin could be detected in syncytiotrophoblasts and least in term placenta syncytiotrophoblasts. Immunocytochemical analyses furthermore showed that placental megalin associates with structures of the endolysosomal apparatus. Combined, our results clearly place placental megalin in the context of endocytosis and trafficking of ligands. However, due to the limited expression of megalin in syncytiotrophoblasts, especially in term placenta, it appears that the main role for placental megalin is not to mediate uptake of nutrients from the maternal bloodstream, as previously proposed. In contrast, our results point toward novel and complex functions for megalin in the cytotrophoblasts. Thus, we propose that the perception of placental megalin localization and function should be revised.
Impaired cytokine production by bone marrow stromal cells of immunodeficient mice (1995)

The aetiology of the bone marrow suppression in HIV-infected patients is unknown. We have demonstrated previously that the ability of bone marrow cells, derived from mice made immunodeficient by infection with the retrovirus LP-BM5, to establish long-term stromal cultures is impaired. In this study we determined the ability of bone marrow stromal cells from these immunodeficient mice to produce cytokines important in haemopoiesis. Neither SCF, IL-3, GM-CSF nor TNF alpha were found in conditioned media of long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) of normal or MAIDS mice. We failed to detect mRNA for TNF or IL-1 alpha, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in cultures derived from either normal or immunodeficient mice. Steady-state levels of transcripts for IL-6 were equal in cells from normal and MAIDS mice. Steady-state levels of mRNA for TGF beta 1, a known inhibitor of haemopoiesis, were decreased in cultures derived from MAIDS mice at late stages of infection. The mRNA level of the multipotent haemopoietic regulator stem cell factor was also decreased in MAIDS cultures as compared with normals. Transcripts encoding the transmembrane form of the growth factor were almost absent. Addition of soluble GM-CSF and SCF only transiently increased the production of CFUs (BFUE and CFU-G/M) in MAIDS LTBMC. These findings suggest that derangements in cytokine production in stromal cells of immunodeficient mice may contribute to the suppression of haemopoiesis observed in this disease. One mechanism of HIV-induced depression of haemopoiesis may be via alterations of the haemopoietic microenvironment.
Radicals occurring during the electroreduction of acrylic acid at mercury cathodes detected by electrochemical in situ EPR spectroscopy (1997)

Abstract We performed electrochemical reduction investigations of acrylic acid and methylacrylate in aqueous solutions at a mercury cathode. Tetraalkylammoniumhalides were used as supporting electrolytes and the pH was adjusted in the range of pH = 3–12. Electrolyses in 1 M solutions of acrylic acid have yielded oligomers with a degree of polymerization depending on the pH value. At pH&gt;p K s + 1 the acrylate anion is reduced and forms oligomers, if alkali ions are absent. Polarographic techniques are used to characterize the electrochemical behaviour of the acid and the ester, especially the coupling of two monomeric units, that was found as a radical‐substrate coupling reaction for the acrylate anion and an ion‐substrate coupling for the ester. The radical species were detected and characterized by electrochemical in situ EPR spectroscopy. The EPR spectrum is attributed to a propagating chain radical of the acrylate anion. In the case of methylacrylate no EPR spectrum could be recorded during the electroreduction. Finally, a reaction scheme for the electrochemical reduction of acrylate anions in aqueous media containing tetraalkylammonium cations is presented.
Structural study of highly halogenated dihydropyridine derivatives as potential calcium channel modulators (2003)

Abstract Two dihydropyridines endowed with fluorine atoms ( 3 ) and fluorine and chlorine atoms ( 4 ) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by experimental X‐ray analyses and theoretical calculations at the semiempirical (AMI) and ab initio (HF/6–31G*) levels. The results show that these compounds meet the required criteria to act as potential calcium channel modulators.
Renal expression and urinary concentration of EGF and IL-6 in acutely dysfunctioning kidney transplanted patients (1997)

Kidney transplanted patients with acute cellular rejection or acute tubular damage/CyA nephrotoxicity exhibit a distinctly different pattern of intragraft expression of IL-6 and EGF, which is closely reflected by their rate of urinary excretion.
Further Observations on the Mechanism of Chlorinolysis of Sulfur-Carbon Bonds; the Chlorinolysis of 4-Benzylthio-7-chloroquinoline (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther Observations on the Mechanism of Chlorinolysis of Sulfur-Carbon Bonds; the Chlorinolysis of 4-Benzylthio-7-chloroquinolineHarold Kwart and Leroy J. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4, 884–887Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01537a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01537a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts