gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A neural network for solving the travelling salesman problem on the basis of city adjacency in the tour (1990)

A neural network for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is proposed. The network is a modified version of the network suggested by J.J. Hopfield and O.W. Tank (1985) In the network of Hopfield and Tank, a neuron U <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x,</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> denotes city <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</e1> occupying position <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</e1> in the tour. This results in a network that, in general, is incapable of performing a shift in position for a number of adjacent cities, since this would temporarily increase the energy of the system. In the proposed network, a neuron U <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x,</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> indicates whether or not cities <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</e1> and <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</e1> are adjacent in the tour. An extra layer is added for the detection and elimination of closed subtours. This approach seems to have four major advantages: (a) computer simulations show a faster and more natural convergence of the network towards a configuration that represents a solution; (b) larger instances of the TSP can be solved readily; (c) the energy function is simplified; and (d) a general hardware implementation is possible because the distance terms occur only in the external inputs
Historical and Topographical Notices of the district of Gorukhpoor (2012)

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Removable interdigital electrodes for surface wave studies (1974)

We have fabricated interdigital electrode structures on polished glass plaques. By placing the plaques next to the surface of a piezoelectric material and exciting the electrode of the transmitting plaque with pulsed rf energy of the appropriate frequency, good acoustic surface waves are received at a similar plaque at the opposite end of the sample. The plaque electrodes are fragile but reusable if handled with care.
Consumer response to Web sites and their influence on advertising effectiveness (2002)

The purpose of the present study was to test four hypotheses regarding the effects of viewing Web sites on Internet advertising. We surveyed a convenience sample of 329 undergraduate students, asking them to recall brand names seen on the Internet, to describe perceived advantages and disadvantages of online advertising, and to recall ads encountered in all media and whether they liked these or not. Visiting Web sites appeared to increase aided recall of brands seen on the Internet and to improve consumers’ views of the brand. Consumers who felt that Web sites improved their perceptions of brands saw more advantages in Web advertising, but they perceived more disadvantages as well. Finally, the consumers appeared to like TV and magazine ads more than the ads they recalled seeing on the Internet. The findings present a complex picture of Internet advertising that should be useful to online advertisers.
A neurologist’s guide to genome-wide association studies (2009)

Genome-wide association studies are utilized for gene discovery in common diseases. Genotypes of large groups of unrelated patients are compared to controls. This has become feasible due to the recent technical advances in genomics and convincing positive results are now regularly being published. This review is an accessible introduction to the genetic and technical knowledge needed to interpret such studies. Genome-wide association studies are being applied to many neurologic diseases. Here we use idiopathic generalized epilepsy as an example to highlight the phenotyping, sample size, and statistical issues that must be addressed in such studies. These studies are likely to transform our understanding of complex neurologic diseases in the next few years.
An extensible protocol architecture for application-specific networking (1996)

Plexus is a networking architecture that allows applications to achieve high performance with customized protocols. Application-specific protocols are written in a typesafe language and installed dynamically into the operating system kernel. Because these protocols execute within the kernel, they can access the network interface and other operating system services with low overhead. Protocols implemented with Plexus outperform equivalent protocols implemented on conventional monolithic systems. Plexus runs in the context of the SPIN extensible operating system. 1 Introduction This paper describes the design and implementation of Plexus, a protocol architecture that allows arbitrary applications to define application-specific protocols. Plexus allows protocol processing to be tailored using application-level knowledge, thus providing the framework for supporting new protocols [CSZ92], and implementing optimizations to existing protocols such as integrated layer processing and applica...
Effect of Na＋ on xonotlite crystals in hydrothermal synthesis (2013)

水晶的阶段作文和经由热水的合成在一个 CaO-SiO2-H2O 系统准备的 xonotlite 晶体的形态学上的 Na+ 离子集中的效果被分析。X光检查衍射( XRD )和扫描电子显微镜学( SEM )结果显示Na+离子集中在 1.0 的 CaO/SiO2 和 0.05 摩尔吠敨爠獥汵獴猠潨?桴瑡洠捩潲朠慥獲挠湡戠??捣獥晳汵祬映扡楲慣整?的反应物集中的臼齿的比率的起始的条件下面在产品在水晶的阶段的作文和形态学上有重要影响湵敤?吗桴?湩敪瑣潩?牰獥?敲漠???慐愠摮琠敨?┰椠橮'虡N湯猠数摥？
Absolute effects of aggregation of self-similar traffic on quality of service parameters (2004)

Differentiated services (DiffServ) architecture is based on aggregation of traffic as opposed to per flow traffic. When DiffServ is used in a real time traffic environment, it is appealing to study absolute effects of traffic aggregation on quality of service parameters. That is, effects are obtained when a burstiness controller such as a token bucket is not used at the entrance of the network. One-way delay and instantaneous packet delay variation (IPDV) are the most commonly used quality of service parameters for real time traffic. Also, fractal or self-similar nature of the Internet traffic has been identified in recent years. In this paper, we study how one-way delay and IPDV are affected by aggregation of self-similar traffic. We make quantitative comparisons of IPDV and one-way delay between aggregated self-similar traffic and exponential inter-arrival traffic using simulations. The only traffic control used at the entrance of the network is an aggregated real time traffic utilization threshold. Further, we bring out the notion of "level of active sources" to explain the statistical multiplexing gains observed in delay variation.
Fundamental Investigation of EDM Plasmas, Part I: A Comparison between Electric Discharges in Gaseous and Liquid Dielectric Media (2018)

Electric discharge machining (EDM) in liquid dielectric media is a well-stablished manufacturing process. Dry EDM (DEDM) has been proposed as an environmentally friendlier alternative to the EDM process in oil dielectric. The working principles of EDM and DEDM are based on interactions of electric discharge plasmas with electrodes materials, which is a poorly understood phenomenon. Therefore, optimization of EDM processes is still based on empirical methods and recipes. The investigation performed in the present work uses a collisional-radiative (CR) model for advanced optical emission spectroscopy interpretation of EDM plasmas performed in oil and air as dielectric media. This analysis is additionally supported by electrical parameter and high-speed imaging measurements. These applied plasma diagnostics allow, for the first time, a detailed comparison of EDM discharge plasmas in very different dielectric media. Emission spectra simulated by the CR model give indications on several EDM discharge properties, such as density of electrons, fraction of different ionic states and plasma composition. The emission spectra simulations indicate that EDM discharges performed in oil and air have very similar electron temperatures, while the electron densities are substantially different. In addition, the fraction of EDM plasma components is estimated quantitatively, indicating that plasmas in air are mostly composed of the electrodes materials, whereas EDM plasmas in oil are dominated by species originated from the dielectric medium.
FUNCTIONAL VASCULARIZED ISLET ALLOGRAFTS IN MINIATURE SWINE. (2000)

Barth, Rolf N.1; Utsugi, Ryu1; O'Neil, Jack2; Kitamura, Hiroshi1; Edge, Albert2; Weir, Gordon2; Sachs, David H.1; Yamada, Kazuhiko1 Author Information
Unsteady Flow Interactions Between a High- and Low-Pressure Turbine: Part 2 — Rotor-Synchronic Averaging and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the Unsteady Flow Fields (2019)

Abstract This paper, the second of two parts, presents an experimental investigation of the unsteady flow field evolving in a two-stage two-spool test turbine facility. The experimental setup, which was designed to reproduce the operating condition of modern commercial aero-engines, consists of a high-pressure turbine (HPT) stage followed by a turbine center frame (TCF) with non-turning struts, and a co-rotating low-pressure turbine (LPT) stage. Measurements carried out with a fast-response aerodynamic pressure probe (FRAPP) were post-processed to describe the unsteady evolution of the flow downstream of the HPT rotor, through the TCF duct, and at the exit of the LPT stage. The time-resolved results presented in the first part of this paper show that deterministic fluctuations due to both rotors characterize the flow field downstream of the LPT. In order to characterize the deterministic unsteadiness induced by all the components constituting the turbine facility (HPT, TCF and LPT) and their interactions, measurements were carried out in three different planes located downstream of the HPT, at the exit of the TCF and downstream of the LPT stage. The unsteady results obtained in the plane located at the exit of the LPT are discussed in more details in this second part of this paper, providing information about the interactions between the two rotors. A proper phase-average procedure, known as rotor synchronic averaging (RSA), which takes into account the rotorrotor interaction, was adopted to capture the unsteadiness due to both rotors. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) was also applied to provide a characterization of the major contributors in terms of energy to the deterministic unsteadiness occurring in the test turbine facility. At the exit of the LPT rotor, the perturbations induced by the HPT stage and the interactions between the two rotors were found to dominate over the unsteadiness due to the LPT only.
Mitigating beam hardening using consistency conditions (2013)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
INVERSE GEOMETRY PROBLEM OF IDENTIFYING GROWTH OF BOUNDARY SHAPES IN A MULTIPLE REGION DOMAIN (1999)

A two-dimensional inverse geometry problem (shape identification problem) in estimating growth of irregular boundary shapes in a multiple region domain is solved in the present study by using the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM)-based inverse algorithm. Numerical experiments were performed to justify the validity of the CGM in solving this inverse moving boundary problem. It is concluded that the accurate boundary configuration can be estimated by the CGMexcept for the initial and final time. The reason for and improvement of this singularity are addressed. Finally, the effects of the measurement errors and number of measurements on the inverse solutions are discussed.
Improving BLAST performance using space-time block codes and turbo decoding (2002)

An architecture that theoretically achieves channel capacity on multi-input multi-output channels was proposed by Foschini (1996) as BLAST. We show that in practical systems BLAST performance is limited by error propagation. The theoretically possible increase in diversity level during successive detection steps cannot be achieved. We evaluate the possibilities to improve BLAST performance. We first analyze an MMSE solution compared to zero forcing. Furthermore, we show the benefits of soft over hard interference cancellation and propose an iterative turbo detection algorithm. Finally, we apply transmit diversity with space-time block codes to BLAST. This improves the overall diversity level and reduces the number of required receive antennas.
TRES DÉCADAS DE PROYECTOS E INVESTIGACIONES ARQUEOLÓGICAS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE (2012)

ResumenEn las últimas décadas, la Arqueología de investigación realizada desde el Área de Arqueología de la Universidad de Alicante ha realizado considerables aportaciones en el ámbito transversal de la Arqueología, desde el convencimiento de que esta disciplina no debe estar atada a ningún periodo histórico concreto. Así, se ha propuesto una nueva visión urbanística de los primeros tiempos de la cultura ibérica y de su relación con la fenicia; se han identificado y estudiado ciudades romanas hasta ahora desconocidas y se han desarrollado modelos del cambio cultural que desde la tardía Antigüedad lleva al Medievo.Palabras clave: Arqueología, cultura ibérica, romanización, cambio cultural, islamizaciónSummaryIn the last decades, the archaeological research done by the Archaeology Department of the University of Alicante has contributed greatly to this field, convinced that this discipline should not be tied to any particular historical period. Therefore, a new urbanistic view of the early days of the Iberian culture and its relation to Phoenician culture has been proposed. New Roman cities, unknown until these days, have been identified and studied, and new models of cultural change from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages have been developed.Keywords: Archaeology, Iberian culture, Romanization, cultural change, Islamization.
Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation for Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain (2005)

Intramuscular electrical stimulation reduces hemiplegic shoulder pain, and the effect is maintained for > or =12 mos posttreatment.
Novel concentrator photovoltaic converter system development. Final report (1979)

The long-range objective of this work is to develop, synthesize and evaluate a novel cascade solar cell having an AM 1 conversion efficiency of 30 percent or greater and capable of operating at both high illumination levels and elevated temperatures. The first year's work has been oriented toward demonstrating the cascade solar cell concept whereby two cells are internally connected in a monolithic structure to provide a voltage aiding series arrangement of the cells. Accomplishments during the first year include studies of the lower bandgap cell, the upper bandgap cell and the low impedance connecting junction. the material systems studied include GaInAs, AlGaAs, GaInP and AlGaInAs. The major accomplishment of the work has been the first experimental demonstration of a cascade solar cell structure in the GaAs/AlGaAs materials system. Test cells have demonstrated open circuit voltages as high as 2.2 volts and efficiencies in the 10 to 15% range without antireflecting layers.
EPR Investigation of the Adsorption of Dendrimers on Porous Surfaces (2003)

Guest−host interactions of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and porous surfaces, such as homoporous silica of different pore sizes, activated alumina (acidic, neutral, basic), and MCM-41 zeolite (Si/Al=30), were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Two generations of dendrimers were selected, G2 and G6, representing “early” and “late” generations, which were labeled with a nitroxide radical. It was found that the main parameters regulating the adsorption and interaction of the dendrimers and porous surfaces are (I) the size of the pores of the porous materials (host) relative to the size of the dendrimer (guest), (II) the total surface area of the host that is accessible to the guest dendrimers, and (III) the chemical composition of the host and guest surfaces that come into contact upon adsorption. If the pore size of the host surface is smaller than the guest dendrimer diameter, then adsorption of the dendrimer occurs exclusively on the external host surface. If the pore size of the host surface is bigger than the dendrimer diameter, then the internal surface area is accessible to the dendrimers and large amounts of dendrimers are adsorbed. The chemical composition of the host surface and guest surface determines the strength of the host−guest interaction. An increase in alumina content (silica < zeolite MCM-41 < alumina) of the host increased the electrostatic interaction of the dendrimer with the host surface. Increased protonation of the external dendrimer amino groups also increased the electrostatic interaction. For the large dendrimers (G6), which possess a closed surface structure, electrostatic interactions are the main forces of host−guest interaction. Therefore, the strongest interaction of G6 was observed with basic alumina. For small dendrimers (G2), which possess an open structure, hydrophobic interactions between the low polarity internal dendrimer structure and the low polarity Si−O−Si groups of the host surface provide an additional host−guest interaction. High protonation of the dendrimer surface and high alumina content of the host surface inhibits this hydrophobic type of interactions. The combination of low polar Si−O−Si groups and highly polar AlO- groups in the zeolite MCM-41 probably cause the strongest interaction of the guest G2 dendrimer with MCM-41 compared to the other investigated host surfaces.
Rifampicin inhibition of the plastid rRNA synthesis of Marchantia Polymorpha (1975)

The effect of rifampicin on the synthesis of plastid rRNA in Marchantia polymorpha was studied in vivo. As bacterial rRNA and plastid rRNA have the same electrophoretic mobilities, this study was possible only after a method for inhibiting bacterial contamination was developed. It was established that 91-100% of the rRNA synthesized by cultures of bacteria from Marchantia, after a labelling period of 3 and 9 h by 32-P, is inhibited by 10 mug/ml of rifampicin. The same inhibition was observed when Marchantia was labelled for 3 h in the presence of 10 mug/ml of rifampicin, showing that no plastid rRNA was synthesized under out conditions, but only bacterial RNA. However, when labelling was continued for 9 h two important peaks of rRNA (23 and 19 s) were labelled in the presence of 10 or 20 mug/ml of rifampicin. These peaks are of chlorophastic origin as confirmed by the following facts: the labelling is light-activated; plastids isolated from thalli labelled for 12 h also show these two radioactive peaks. Cytoplasmic rRNA is synthesized under certain conditions. The synthesis of plastid rRNA is inhibited by higher concentrations of rifampicin, a concentration of 250 mug/ml producing at least 75% inhibition. Marchantia, a primitive multicellular plant, differs in this respect from higher plants, which seem to be, in most cases, insensitive to rifampicin
Elucidation of the downfield spectrum of human brain at 7 T using multiple inversion recovery delays and echo times (2016)

T<sub>2</sub> values were shorter than expected for most peaks, whereas T<sub>1</sub> values had a very wide range; shorter relaxation times for some peaks suggests the presence of macromolecules. Most of the larger peaks seemed to be composed of overlapping components, because the Gaussian widths in the Voigt line shape descriptions were larger than expected based on field inhomogeneities. Magn Reson Med 78:11-19, 2016. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Regroup‐And‐Go mixes to counter the (n‐1) attack (2006)

Purpose The ( n ‐1) attack is the most powerful attack against mix which is the basic building block of many modern anonymous systems. This paper aims to present a strategy that can be implemented in mix networks to detect and counter the active attacks, especially the ( n ‐1) attack and its variants. Design/methodology/approach Based on the analysis of the preconditions of a successful ( n ‐1) attack and the limitations of previous countermeasures, this paper presents Regroup‐And‐Go mix (RG mix) for detecting and foiling the ( n ‐1) attack. Messages are divided into groups by the sender, regrouped and forwarded at the intermediate mixes, and reordered and sent to the receiver at the last mix. The grouping information for each mix is encrypted with the public key of the corresponding mix. The messages are forwarded only when all the messages in the same group have arrived. When the regrouping of messages triggers a timeout alert, the mix detects the ongoing attack and takes countermeasures. Findings RG mix can help foil and detect the ( n ‐1) attacks from both internal and external attackers because the grouping information for the other mixes is unavailable for them. They can only guess which messages can constitute a group and randomly select some messages to have a try. Analysis and experiments show that the probability of successful attack is low. Originality/value RG mix uses the hidden correlations between messages for active attack prevention and detection. RG mix does not have unpractical requirements and can be used in the real‐world implementations.
Effect of AC‐Powered Water Electrolysis on the Structural and Optical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films (2005)

The changes in the structure and optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films that were subjected to water electrolysis using an alternating current power source were investigated. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the film was reduced to metallic indium after the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the film became porous after the treatment. These structural changes had led to a dramatic degradation in the optical properties of ITO. The electrochemical mechanism responsible for the changes was discussed.