gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault-sensitivity analysis and reliability enhancement of analog-to-digital converters (2003)

Reliability of systems used in space, avionic, and biomedical applications is highly critical. Such systems consist of an analog front-end to collect data, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the collected data to digital form, and a digital unit to process it. Though a considerable amount of research has been performed to increase the reliability of digital blocks, the same cannot be claimed for mixed-signal blocks. The reliability enhancement that we employ begins with fault-sensitivity analysis followed by redesign. The data obtained from the sensitivity analysis is used to grade blocks based on their sensitivity to faults. The highly sensitive blocks can then be replaced by more reliable alternatives. The improvement gained by opting for more robust implementations might be limited due to the number of possible implementations. In these cases, alternative reliability enhancement techniques such as adding redundancy may provide further improvements. The steps involved in the reliability enhancement of ADCs are illustrated in this paper by first proposing a sensitivity analysis methodology for /spl alpha/-particle induced transients and then suggesting redesign techniques to improve the reliability of the ADC. A novel concept of node weights specific to /spl alpha/-particle transients is introduced, which improves the accuracy of the sensitivity analysis. The fault simulations show that, using techniques such as alternative robust implementations, adding redundancy, pattern detection, and transistor sizing, considerable improvements in reliability can be attained.
Polarization recovery through scattering media (2017)

The control and use of light polarization in optical sciences and engineering are widespread. Despite remarkable developments in polarization-resolved imaging for life sciences, their transposition to strongly scattering media is currently not possible, because of the inherent depolarization effects arising from multiple scattering. We show an unprecedented phenomenon that opens new possibilities for polarization-resolved microscopy in strongly scattering media: polarization recovery via broadband wavefront shaping. We demonstrate focusing and recovery of the original injected polarization state without using any polarizing optics at the detection. To enable molecular-level structural imaging, an arbitrary rotation of the input polarization does not degrade the quality of the focus. We further exploit the robustness of polarization recovery for structural imaging of biological tissues through scattering media. We retrieve molecular-level organization information of collagen fibers by polarization-resolved second harmonic generation, a topic of wide interest for diagnosis in biomedical optics. Ultimately, the observation of this new phenomenon paves the way for extending current polarization-based methods to strongly scattering environments.
Hepatocyte-derived exosomal MiR-194 activates PMVECs and promotes angiogenesis in hepatopulmonary syndrome (2019)

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious vascular complication in the setting of liver disease. Factors produced by the liver are essential to regulate pulmonary angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of HPS; however, the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary angiogenesis are not fully understood. We investigated the role of HPS rat serum exosomes (HEs) and sham-operated rat serum exosomes (SEs) in the regulation of angiogenesis. We found that HEs significantly enhance PMVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. We further identified miR-194 was the most notably increased miRNA in HEs compared to SEs. Once released, hepatocyte-derived exosomal miR-194 was internalized by PMVECs, leading to the promotion of PMVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation through direct targeting of THBS1, STAT1, and LIF. Importantly, the pathogenic role of exosomal miR-194 in initiating angiogenesis was reversed by P53 inhibition, exosome secretion inhibition or miR-194 inhibition. Additionally, high levels of miR-194 were found in serum exosomes and were positively correlated with P(A-a)O<sub>2</sub> in HPS patients and rats. Thus, our results highlight that the exosome/miR-194 axis plays a critical pathologic role in pulmonary angiogenesis, representing a new therapeutic target for HPS.
Fas promoter -670 polymorphism is associated with development of anti-RNP antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. (2001)

Our data suggest that the Fas promoter -670 polymorphism is associated with development of anti-RNP antibodies in SLE.
EFFECTS OF THE ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR ENALAPRIL ON BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AFTER THERMAL INJURY AND BACTERIAL CHALLENGE (1996)

Burn injury and sepsis produce acute gastrointestinal derangements that may predispose patients to bacterial translocation. We studied the effects of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), on gastrointestinal anatomic alterations, bacterial translocation, and related mortality during gut-derived sepsis in burned mice that had received a prior bacterial challenge. BALB/c mice (n = 111) were treated with enalapril 10 or 1 mg/kg body weight or sterile saline as control twice daily for 3 days. They were then gavaged with 10(a)111 in radiolabeled or unlabeled Escherichia coli and given a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) burn injury. Animals gavaged with unlabeled bacteria were observed for survival (n = 60). Survival was significantly higher in the group receiving enalapril 10 mg/Kg compared with control (75% vs. 10%). Mice treated with enalapril maintained small intestine weight, measured 4 h postburn, and ileal mucosal height was preserved, whereas burned untreated animals lost intestinal weight and mucosal height. Bacterial translocation was decreased in mice treated with enalapril, but killing was unaffected. This study suggests that treatment with enalapril positively affects the outcome in gut-derived sepsis by ameliorating gastrointestinal structural and functional damage and decreasing bacterial translocation.
Cr-doped TiO2 (rutile): Ferromagnetism in bulk form? (2010)

Cr-doped rutile samples in powder and single crystal form have been prepared and studied with particular emphasis on their compositional, structural, and magnetic properties. Both powders and single crystals were characterized using x-ray diffractometry and vibrating sample magnetometry, while crystals were also studied using the x-ray Laue technique, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The results indicate weak ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (RT) in Cr-doped TiO2 powders having 2 at. % Cr, while powders with higher amounts of Cr (e.g., 8 or 12 at. %) showed no evidence of ferromagnetism. Following successful floating zone crystal growth of Cr-doped rutile crystals in argon, magnetic measurements taken from the as-grown crystals revealed no indication of RT ferromagnetism over the composition range 2 to 12 at. % Cr. A solubility limit for Cr into the rutile matrix of 3 at. % Cr at RT is suggested.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a New Metabolite Produced by Aspergillus parasiticus (1997)

A new metabolite, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(1‘-hydroxy-3‘-oxobutyl)-anthraquinone, designated as asparasone A (1), was isolated from an Aspergillus parasiticus mutant (ATCC 20979), and its structure was deduced from spectral data. Several wild-type isolates of A. parasiticus also produced 1. Asparasone A (1) is structurally related to intermediates in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.
Use of an Internal Standard with Differential X‐ray Diffraction Analysis for Iron Oxides (1983)

Abstract In the differential x‐ray diffraction (DXRD) method the diffraction pattern for iron minerals in a soil or clay sample is obtained by subtracting the pattern for a sample free of iron oxides, after appropriate adjustment of intensity, from that of an untreated sample. We modified this method by using 1 µm α‐alumina as an internal standard to calculate the scale factor for the adjustment of intensity. The internal standard also serves as a reference for making corrections in peak position. Alumina has the advantages that it is not attacked by the citrate‐bicarbonate‐dithionite (CBD) treatment to remove iron oxides and its peak positions do not overlap the broad diffraction peaks of Fe oxides in the range of 2 to . The effects of CBD treatment on soil components other than Fe oxides can also be observed. Iron minerals in 11 soils from Indiana and Goias State, Brazil, were characterized using this technique. Hematitegoethite ratios, mean crystallite dimension, and amount of Al substitution in the iron oxides were calculated from the position, height, and width at half‐height of the DXRD peaks. The redder soils had more extractable Fe and larger hematite‐goethite ratios than the yellower soils. The amount of Al substitution in goethite and hematite and the mean crystallite dimension of hematite was greater for the Oxisols of Brazil than the Alfisols of Indiana. Maghemite was detected in soil clay of a red Oxisol from Brazil.
Die Zerstörung mitochondrialer Strukturen der Skelettmuskulatur als zentraler Bestandteil im Pathomechanismus des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (2010)

Einleitung: Die Skelettmuskulatur stellt im Pathomechanismus des Typ 2 Diabetes (T2D) ein zentrales Organ dar. Vor allem mitochondriale Funktionsstörungen der Skelettmuskulatur assoziieren mit der Entwicklung eines T2D. Im Fokus der Studie stand der pathophysiologische Übergang vom metabolischen Syndrom zum T2D. Insbesondere sollte der Bezug zwischen dem Radikalestoffwechsel und der posttranslationalen Modifikation durch Carbonylierung von Proteinen dargestellt werden.
Comparison of integer frequency offset estimators for OFDM systems (2005)

In this paper, a new maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for the integer frequency offset estimation of OFDM systems is proposed and compared with the conventional SC estimator. Both estimators exploit the differential information between two consecutive blocks of OFDM data symbols in the frequency domain. The reason why the proposed ML estimator has better performance than the conventional SC method is analyzed. The mean and variance of the proposed and conventional estimators are discussed, and the estimation error probability is given. The computer simulation results are in good agreement with the analytical study.
Round window vibroplasty in chronic ear surgery: comparison with conventional hearing rehabilitation (2013)

Dislocation of the FMT was not observed. One patient was re-implanted due to accidental damage to the electrode. In all patients, the pertinent functional hearing results were achieved and were comparable to previous rehabilitation results.
Effect of nanosilver particles on hatchability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg and survival of the produced larvae (2011)

Effect of nanosilver particles was studied on the hatchability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg and survival of the produced larvae at about 12oC. In the first experiment the water-based nanosilver particles was used at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mgL -1 for 30 minutes per day starting 24 hour post egg incubation until the hatching time. The mean percentage of hatchability reached in 27.6±0.2, 38.2±0.1, 41.6±0.4 and 48.6±1.5 in troughs treated with 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mgL -1 nanocid, respectively compared with 64.7±0.2 % for trough treated with malachite green at 2 mgL -1 as positive control (P 0.05). These data suggest a possible application of nanosilver particles in aquaculture sector particularly using incubator troughs of trout containing nanosilver materials.
Advanced NaBH4∕H2O2 Fuel Cell for Space Applications (2009)

Fuel cells have played an important role in NASA’s space program starting with the Gemini space program. However, improved fuel cell performance will be needed to enable demanding future missions. An advanced fuel cell (FC) using liquid fuel and oxidizer is being developed by U of IL/NPL team to provide air independence and to achieve higher power densities than normal H2/O2 fuel cells (Lou et al., 2008; Miley, 2007). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used in this FC directly at the cathode (Lou and Miley, 2004). Either of two types of reactant, namely a gas‐phase hydrogen or an aqueous NaBH4 solution, is utilized as fuel at the anode. Experiments with both 10‐W single cells and 500‐W stacks demonstrate that the direct utilization of H2O2 and NaBH4 at the electrodes result in >30% higher voltage output compared to the ordinary H2/O2 FC (Miley, 2007). Further, the use of this combination of all liquid fuels provides—from an operational point of view—significant advantages (ease of storage, reduced pumping requirements, simplified heat removal). This design is inherently compact compared to other fuel cells that use gas phase reactants. This results in a high overall system (including fuel tanks, pumps and piping, waste heat radiator) power density. Further, work is in progress on a regenerative version which uses an electrical input, e.g. from power lines or a solar panel to regenerate reactants.
Low radiation loss branching/combining of optical circuits using high-silica channel waveguides (1986)

A new branching/combining optical circuit structure using high-silica channel waveguides was proposed to reduce radiation loss where branching occurs. In this structure, an additional low-refractive-index layer was formed at the junction surface between the main and branching channels. The loss in a conventional circuit could be successfully reduced by over 0.4 dB in the through channel and 0.1 dB in the reflecting channel. The allowable conditions for a low-refractive-index layer were obtained through experimental and theoretical studies.
Protective efficacy of COVAXIN® against Delta and Omicron variants in hamster model (2022)

Summary: The immunity acquired after natural infection or vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 tend to wane with time. Here, we compared the protective efficacy of COVAXIN® following two- and three-dose immunizations against the Delta variant and also studied the efficacy of COVAXIN® against Omicron variants in a Syrian hamster model. Despite the comparable neutralizing antibody response against the homologous vaccine strain in both the two-dose and three-dose immunized groups, considerable reduction in the lung disease severity was observed in the 3 dose immunized group after Delta variant challenge. In the challenge study using the Omicron variants, i.e., BA.1.1 and BA.2, lesser virus shedding, lung viral load and lung disease severity were observed in the immunized groups. The present study shows that administration of COVAXIN® booster dose will enhance the vaccine effectiveness against the Delta variant infection and give protection against the BA.1.1 and BA.2 variants.
Antibacterial activity of Taxodium ascendens Diterpenes against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2014)

One new and seven known diterpenes were identified from an antibacterial chromatographic fraction of Taxodium ascendens. Of these, demethylcryptojaponol (2), 6-hydroxysalvinolone (3), hydroxyferruginol (4), and hinokiol (5) demonstrated potent activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These compounds represent a class of synthetically accessible compounds that could be further developed for treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Timed-Release Calcium Sulfate Ceramic Nanocomposites as Bone Graft Substitutes (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effect of Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Li–O2 Batteries (2017)

Li–oxygen batteries could provide energy density that is up to five times greater than that of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. However, Li–oxygen cell rechargeability is limited by cathode passivation due to nonconductive discharge products. Despite efforts to efficiently oxidize these products, oxygen recovery remains poor at potentials where cell constituents are stable. Transition metal oxide (TMO) cathodes have shown low charging potentials, but a correspondence to improved oxygen evolution efficiency is debated. This is because the deposition of electrically insulating Li2O2 during the battery discharge could passivate the TMO surfaces and render them inactive for catalyzing oxygen evolution during charge. Contrary to this, we show that TMOs enable charging at low overpotentials without compromising the oxygen evolution efficiency. Charge potentials are lowered by 130–400 mV in batteries employing TMO-based cathodes compared to carbon-only cathodes. By a combination of current-sensing atomic force microscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, we show that Li2O2 has a greater propensity for deposition on carbon surfaces and only sparingly covers the RuO2 surfaces. Our results suggest that chemically heterogeneous cathodes containing (1) surfaces that favor Li2O2 growth and (2) surfaces that are catalytically active but do not promote Li2O2 deposition can decrease charge overpotentials without decreasing oxygen evolution efficiency.
Mediation of Unusually High Concentrations of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in HomozygousklothoMutant Mice by Increased Expression of Renal 1α-Hydroxylase Gene (2002)

Homozygous klotho mutant (kl-/-) mice exhibit multiple phenotypes resembling human aging. To elucidate the molecular basis of these singular phenotypes, we focused on the mechanisms underlying increased serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in kl-/- mice. Serum concentrations of calcitonin and PTH of kl-/- mice were normally up- and down-regulated, respectively, in response to the high levels of calcium. On the other hand, despite the high concentrations of calcium, serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] in kl-/- mice were significantly higher than that of wild type (WT). The expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase gene, the key enzyme of vitamin D metabolism, was also greatly enhanced in kidneys of kl-/- mice. Furthermore, the normal genetic responses to administered 1,25-(OH)2D3, such as down-regulation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase gene and up-regulation of 24-hydroxylase and VDR genes, were apparently impaired in kl-/- mice. These findings suggest that this deterioration in the vitamin D endocrine system may result in many of the phenotypes in kl-/- mice through effects of increased levels of calcium and phosphorus and 1,25-(OH)2D. Klotho protein may participate in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis via the regulation of the 1,25-(OH)2D signaling pathway.
Co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (2018)

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is considered as an ocular surface inflammatory disease. Previous studies have shown inflammation plays an important role in the progression and onset of DES. Co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) and macrophages showed immunomodulatory effects via regulation of cytokine regulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the interaction of these cells on in vitro DES model. The conditioned media (CM) from macrophages, HBMSCs, and HBMSCs + macrophages were treated to human corneal epithelial cells, which showed significant reduction in IL-1α and IL-1β expression levels in HBMSCs + macrophages group. Moreover, the IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) was highly expressed in the CM from the HBMSCs + macrophages group. Wounded eyes of mice were treated with IL-1RA at 0-100 ng/mL for 16 h, the wound size was reduced. The results of this study might lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for DES.
On the application of integer arithmetic in nucleotide sequence analysis (1995)

A method exploiting quaternary integer arithmetic for the rapid comparison of nucleotide sequences is proposed. A central feature of the method is the identification of a suitable integer arithmetic operation which, operating on two numerical strings (representing two sequences), yields an output string unambiguously related to the number of matching nucleotides in the compared sequences. The number of matching nucleotide bases in compared sequences can be determined without having to make individual base by base comparisons. The method is a general extension of the algorithm previously described in the code UNIREP. The rules governing integer arithmetic as applied to nucleotide sequences are discussed.
Giant Lipid Vesicle Formation Using Vapor-Deposited Charged Porous Polymers (2018)

In this study, we prepare giant lipid vesicles using vapor-deposited charged microporous poly(methacrylic acid- co-ethylene glycol diacrylate) polymer membranes with different morphologies and thicknesses. Our results suggest that vesicle formation is favored by thinner, more structured porous hydrogel substrates. Electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the lipid head groups affect vesicle yield and size distribution. Repulsive electrostatic interactions between the hydrogel and the lipid head groups promote vesicle formation; attractive electrostatic interactions suppress vesicle formation. Ionic strength and sugar concentration are also major parameters affecting the yield and size of giant vesicles. The presence of both ions and sugars in the hydration buffer results in increased vesicle yields. These results indicate that lipid-polymer interactions and osmotic effects in addition to the substrate morphology and surface charge are key factors affecting vesicle formation. Our data suggest that surface chemistry should be designed to tune electrostatic interactions with the lipid mixture of interest to promote vesicle formation. This vapor-deposited hydrogel fabrication technique offers tunability over the physicochemical properties of the hydrogel substrate for the production of giant vesicles with different sizes and compositions.
ChemMine. A Compound Mining Database for Chemical Genomics (2005)

Chemical genomics is a promising new technology for studying gene functions in the context of living organisms or cell systems. It complements existing molecular and genetics tools (e.g. mutagenesis, RNAi) by allowing fine-tunable in vivo modulations of protein functions and cellular processes ([