gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An epidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Japan based on type-specific serological assays (1998)

A seroepidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) was performed on Japanese adults. Serum samples collected between 1985-9 from a total of 536 healthy adults, female prostitutes, males with sexually transmitted diseases (STD), homosexual men, and pregnant women were studied by immunodot assays using HSV type-specific antigens, glycoproteins G (gG1 and gG2). HSV-1 infections correlated mostly with age and was widely prevalent among subjects < 40 years. HSV-2 prevalence varied greatly among subgroups defined by sexual activity and was associated with risk behaviours for prostitution, infection with STD, and homosexual activity. HSV-2 seroprevalence was highest among prostitutes (80%), lowest among pregnant women (7%), and intermediate in STD patients (23%) and homosexuals (24%). Because HSV-1 infection during childhood has been decreasing, primary genital HSV-2 infection, with its higher frequency of clinical manifestations, will become a greater burden to the public health in Japan.
Micromachined optical-switching technologies for WDM networks (1999)

Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology, with its unique ability to integrate electrical, mechanical, and optical elements on a single chip, has demonstrated high potential for realizing optical components and systems in compact and low-cost form. Recently, this technology has been applied to wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) networks For future WDM networks with enormous transmission capacity, optical switching is of particular interest due to its transparency to steady advances in the per-channel bit-rate. In this paper, we will review various micromachined optical switching technologies, focusing on the free-space MEMS optical switch we have demonstrated.
A novel electromechanical autoinjector, AutoTouch™, for self-injection of etanercept: real-world use and benefits (2016)

The introduction of the AutoTouch™ will give patients a choice between two different autoinjectors for self-administration of etanercept.
Deep Learning-Based Differentiation between Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm and Serous Cystic Neoplasm in the Pancreas Using Endoscopic Ultrasonography (2021)

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) and serous cystic neoplasms (SCN) account for a large portion of solitary pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN). In this study we implemented a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using ResNet50 to differentiate between MCN and SCN. The training data were collected retrospectively from 59 MCN and 49 SCN patients from two different hospitals. Data augmentation was used to enhance the size and quality of training datasets. Fine-tuning training approaches were utilized by adopting the pre-trained model from transfer learning while training selected layers. Testing of the network was conducted by varying the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) image sizes and positions to evaluate the network performance for differentiation. The proposed network model achieved up to 82.75% accuracy and a 0.88 (95% CI: 0.817-0.930) area under curve (AUC) score. The performance of the implemented deep learning networks in decision-making using only EUS images is comparable to that of traditional manual decision-making using EUS images along with supporting clinical information. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) confirmed that the network model learned the features from the cyst region accurately. This study proves the feasibility of diagnosing MCN and SCN using a deep learning network model. Further improvement using more datasets is needed.
An Optical Punch-Through Diode and Gate Biasing 1-T Pixel for Binary Pixels in Fully Digital CMOS Image Sensors (2024)

An optical punch-through diode and 1-T pixel CMOS image sensor are presented as a potential candidate for binary pixels and multi-bit digital pixels in a fully digital image sensor, such as the gigavision camera or the digital film concept. The optical punch-through diode was tested varying the depletion width in the n/p-/n structure. The prototype chip with 4×4 pixel array was implemented in a 65nm CMOS standard technology. Another prototype chip with 300×90 1-T pixel array and 300×90 typical 3-T pixel array was implemented in 180nm CMOS image sensor technology. Both the prototype chips were tested with high-speed laser illumination and halogen lamp respectively. In the optical punch-through diode, a time uncertainty of 332psec FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) was measured with 1.2V operating voltage. The 1-T pixel CMOS image sensor had 2.8797×10-3V/(lux•sec) light sensitivity with 3.26msec accumulation time, which is 8 times higher than that of a typical 3-T pixel sensor.
Self-attention fusion for audiovisual emotion recognition with incomplete data (2022)

In this paper, we consider the problem of multimodal data analysis with a use case of audiovisual emotion recognition. We propose an architecture capable of learning from raw data and describe three variants of it with distinct modality fusion mechanisms. While most of the previous works consider the ideal scenario of presence of both modalities at all times during inference, we evaluate the robustness of the model in the unconstrained settings where one modality is absent or noisy, and propose a method to mitigate these limitations in a form of modality dropout. Most importantly, we find that following this approach not only improves performance drastically under the absence/noisy representations of one modality, but also improves the performance in a standard ideal setting, outperforming the competing methods.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Polymer Microarrays to Study Protein−Polymer Interactions in High Throughput (2009)

Polymer microarrays provide a high-throughput format in which to assess biointerfacial interactions. This endeavor greatly assists with the development of advanced biomaterials. In order to increase the scope of this platform technology, the development of analytical tools that are compatible with the microarray format and are capable of analyzing biomolecular interactions in high throughput is needed. Here, we show that surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) is such a tool. SPRi enables spatially resolved, surface sensitive, label free, real-time analysis of multiple surface-biomolecular interactions in parallel. In order to demonstrate this, we first printed phenylazide-modified polymers onto a slide coated with a low fouling base polymer. UV irradiation of the slide resulted in the cross-linking of the printed polymer spots to the surface. SPRi was then employed to study the adsorption and desorption of bovine serum albumin, collagen, and fibronectin to these adhesive microarray spots. The spots were also incubated with an adherent cell line, enabling insight into the underlying mechanisms of cell attachment to the polymers studied. For the system analyzed here, electrostatic interactions were shown to dominate cell attachment.
Solid Precipitation from Potato Protein Liquor by Ethanol (2015)

The production of starch in European Union (EU 28) was around 10 million tonnes in 2013, 12.6% of them being from potato1. During the potato processing, two main by-products which have high Biologi ...
Data from Tumor Regression and Growth Rates Determined in Five Intramural NCI Prostate Cancer Trials: The Growth Rate Constant as an Indicator of Therapeutic Efficacy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In solid tumors such as prostate cancer, novel paradigms are needed to assess therapeutic efficacy. We utilized a method estimating tumor growth and regression rate constants from serial PSA measurements, and assessed its potential in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate carcinoma (mCRPC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patients were enrolled in five phase II studies, including an experimental vaccine trial, representing the evolution of therapy in mCRPC. PSA measurements obtained before, and during, therapy were used. Data analysis using a two-phase mathematical equation yielded concomitant PSA growth and regression rate constants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Growth rate constants (&lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt;) can be estimated while patients receive therapy and in such patients &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; is superior to PSA-DT in predicting OS. Incremental reductions in growth rate constants were recorded in successive trials with a 10-fold slower &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; in the most recent combination therapy trial (log &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 10&lt;sup&gt;−3.17&lt;/sup&gt;) relative to single-agent thalidomide (log &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 10&lt;sup&gt;−2.08&lt;/sup&gt;) more than a decade earlier. Growth rate constants correlated with survival, except in patients receiving vaccine-based therapy where the evidence demonstrates prolonged survival presumably due to immunity developing subsequent to vaccine administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Incremental reductions in tumor growth rate constants suggest increased efficacy in successive chemotherapy trials. The derived growth rate constant correlates with survival, and may be used to assess efficacy. The PSA-TRICOM vaccine appears to have provided marked benefit not apparent during vaccination, but consistent with subsequent development of a beneficial immune response. If validated as a surrogate for survival, growth rate constants would offer an important new efficacy endpoint for clinical trials. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 907–17. ©2010 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Vitamin D und seine Bedeutung für die geistige Gesundheit (2014)

Die ausreichende Vitamin-D-Versorgung ist von der Gravidität bis ins Alter wichtig für die Entwicklung und Gesunderhaltung des Gehirns. Ein Mangel führt über verschiedene Mechanismen zum Abbau neurokognitiver Fähigkeiten und erhöht das Risiko für neurologische Störungen wie Demenz und Alzheimer-Krankheit.
Dexel-Based Simulation of Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing (2021)

Additive manufacturing is typically a flexible alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. However, manufacturing costs increase due to the effort required to experimentally determine optimum process parameters for customized products or small batches. Therefore, simulation models are needed in order to reduce the amount of effort necessary for experimental testing. For this purpose, a novel technological simulation method for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing is presented here. The Dexel-based simulation allows modeling of additive manufacturing of varying geometric shapes by considering multi-axis machine tool kinematics and local process conditions. The simulation approach can be combined with the simulation of subtractive processes, which enables integrated digital process chains.
Characterization of rifampicin-resistant clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates from Germany (2007)

Resistance to rifampicin/rifabutin in H. pylori strains isolated in Germany is still low and is associated with mutations in the rpoB gene. Further surveillance studies analysing the use of rifabutin in H. pylori eradication and its association with the occurrence of rifabutin-resistant strains are required.
Assessment of Herbicide Leaching Risk in Two Tropical Soils of Reunion Island (France) (2005)

Application of organic chemicals to a newly irrigated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) area located in the semiarid western part of Reunion Island has prompted local regulatory agencies to determine their potential to contaminate ground water resources. For that purpose, simple indices known as the ground water ubiquity score (Gustafson index, GUS), the retardation factor (RF), the attenuation factor (AF), and the log-transformed attenuation factor (AFT) were employed to assess the potential leaching of five herbicides in two soil types. The herbicides were alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxy-methy) acetanilide], atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine], diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic-acid], and triclopyr [((3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)oxy) acetic-acid]. The soil types were Vertic (BV) and Andepts (BA) Inceptisols, which are present throughout the Saint-Gilles study area on Reunion Island. To calculate the indices, herbicide sorption (K(oc)) and dissipation (half-life, DT50) properties were determined from controlled batch experiments. Water fluxes below the root zone were estimated by a capacity-based model driven by a rainfall frequency analysis performed on a 13-yr data series. The results show a lower risk of herbicide leaching than in temperate regions due to the tropical conditions of the study area. Higher temperatures and the presence of highly adsorbent soils may explain smaller DT50 and higher K(oc) values than those reported in literature concerning temperate environments. Based on the RF values, only 2,4-D and triclopyr appear mobile in the BV soil, with all the other herbicides being classified from moderately to very immobile in both soils. The AFT values indicate that the potential leaching of the five herbicides can be considered as unlikely, except during the cyclonic period (about 40 d/yr) when there is a 2.5% probability of recharge rates equal to or higher than 50 mm/d. In that case, atrazine in both soils, 2,4-D and triclopyr in the BV soil, and diuron and alachlor in the BA soil present a high risk of potential contamination of ground water resources.
Origin and propagation of elastogenesis in the developing cardiovascular system (1988)

Ectomesenchyme derived from cardiac neural crest is critical to aorticopulmonary septation in the heart. However, any unique contribution of the cardiac ectomesenchyme to the extracellular matrix of the conotruncus has not been demonstrated previously. In this study the chronology and topography of soluble tropoelastin (STE) and the aldehyde-rich protein (ARP) of the elastic connective tissues have been examined in the chick embryo, stages 21-38, and in the quail-chick chimera, stages 24-35 (quail neural fold grafted onto a chick embryo). STE was located with immunofluorescence histochemistry, and ARP with Schiff's reagent. With these procedures prevenient sites of elastin synthesis are observed readily. The results show that the myocardium proper appears to have a role in the instigation of elastogenesis and in elastic fiber orientation; that the mesenchymal cells whose matrix contains elastic fibers are ectomesenchymal, of neural crest origin; and that elastin is deployed in an orderly proximal-distal sequence. It is hypothesized that elastogenesis is a critical event in aorticopulmonary septation.
Phyllosilicate Sol-Gel Immobilized Enzymes: Their Use as Packed Bed Column Bioreactors (2001)

A novel procedure is described for the immobilization of the enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX) and the lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia. The enzymes were entrained within dispersed phyllosilicate clays that were cross-linked with silicate polymer formed by the controlled hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS). The final activity of the phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized enzymes was dependent upon the type of cross-linking reagent and catalyst used, and volume ratio of phyllosilicate clay to the free enzyme. Enzymes immobilized by this method were more stable, had higher activity than the free enzymes, and were reusable for at least five cycles without significant loss of activity. The feasibility of using these immobilized enzymes in packed-bed column bioreactors was demonstrated with immobilized LOX. This bioreactor was able to continuously produce hydroperoxy derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A simple computer simulation model was developed to determine the process kinetics. Both the experimental and model data indicated that immobilized LOX continuously catalyzes the oxygenation of linoleic acid.
Phase I evaluation of CycloSam® (Sm‐153‐DOTMP) bone seeking radiopharmaceutical in dogs with spontaneous appendicular osteosarcoma (2023)

<sup>153</sup> Sm-DOTMP (CycloSam<sup>®</sup> ) is a newly-patented radiopharmaceutical for bone tumor treatment. DOTMP (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylene-phosphonate) is a macrocyclic chelating agent with superior binding properties to <sup>153</sup> Sm when compared with EDTMP (Quadramet™, used for palliative treatment of bone cancer). CycloSam<sup>®</sup> was administered at 1 mCi/kg (37 MBq/kg) in a prospective pilot study to seven dogs with bone cancer resulting in no myelosuppression. Then, 13 dogs were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial study using traditional 3+3 dose escalation and starting at 1.5 mCi/kg. Baseline evaluation included hematologic and biochemical testing, diagnosis confirmation, thoracic and limb radiographs, technetium-99 m-HDP bone scintigraphy, and <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET scan (SUVmax). Toxicity (primary endpoint) was assessed through weekly blood counts and adverse events. Dogs received 1.5 mCi/kg (n = 4), 1.75 mCi/kg (n = 6), and 2 mCi/kg (n = 3) of <sup>153</sup> Sm-DOTMP. Dose-limiting neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were seen at 2 mCi/kg. No dose-limiting nonhematologic toxicities occurred. Efficacy (secondary endpoint) was assessed by objective lameness measurement (body-mounted inertial sensors), owner quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire, and repeat PET scan. Objective lameness measurement improved in four dogs (53%-60% decrease) was equivocal in three dogs, and worsened in four dogs (66%-115% increase); two dogs were not evaluable. Repeat <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET scan results varied and change in lameness did not consistently correlate with SUVmax changes. QoL score worsened (n = 5) or was improved/stable (n = 7). Carboplatin chemotherapy (300 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks ×4) started 4 weeks after <sup>153</sup> Sm-DOTMP injection. No dog died of chemotherapy-related complications. All dogs completed study monitoring. The recommended dose for CycloSam<sup>®</sup> in dogs is 1.75 mCi/kg, which resulted in some pain control with minimal toxicity and was safely combined with chemotherapy.
Production of nucleic acid-related substances by fermentative processes. XVII. Inosine accumulation by mutants of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes strain improvement and culture conditions. (1978)

Improvements were found in the inosine productivity of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes KY 13714, which is an adenine leaky and 6-mercaptoguanine resistant mutant. A highly productive mutant, KY 13761, was selected after the addition of 6-methylthiopurine resistance and guanine requiring character to KY 13714 and after repeating single colony isolation. Culture conditions for the practical production of inosine were investigated using KY 13761. It was found that the concentrations of phosphate, magnesium, and adenine were important. Carbon sources and natural nutrients also showed profound effects on inosine accumulation. Especially, effective was the feeding of inverted molasses and urea for pro-duction of inosine. Under optimal conditions, 31 mg of inosine per ml was accumulated after 42 hr cultivation in a 5 liter jar fermenter at 32°C. A growth-associated type of accumu-lation was confirmed in inosine production with KY 13761.
Study of oxidation and hydrolysis of oil impregnated paper insulation for transformers using a microcalorimeter (2011)

An isothermal microcalorimeter has been used to study ageing of oil impregnated kraft paper. Under the assumption that the heat flow is proportional to the ageing rate of paper it is found that activation energy seems to be lower for oxidation than for hydrolysis. This observation corresponds well with results obtained by traditional ageing methods. The results have also been confirmed by measuring the changes in DP of the samples used in the calorimetric measurements. Comparing degradation of aged and unaged oil impregnated paper in air gave a higher heat flow for the unaged paper, but the activation energy for the processes remained the same. The process was also studied with another cellulosic material and in addition varying size of the sample holder of the calorimeter, giving similar results. Hence, since the microcalorimeter appears to give the same qualitative ageing characteristics for oxidation and hydrolysis as more time consuming methods, calorimeter could be a useful tool for quick ageing investigations.
Hollow Core NANF with 0.28 dB/km Attenuation in the C and L Bands (2020)

We report an effectively single-moded, 1.7km long hollow core Nested Antiresonant Nodeless Fiber (NAOT) with record-low 0.28dB/km loss from 1510 to 1600nm, which further reduces the loss gap with standard all-glass single mode fibers.
The resonance phenomenon in population persistence: can the same theory guide both national security policies and personalized medicine? (2014)

The theory of resonance in population persistence proposes that the survival of a population that is exposed to externally inflicted loss processes (disturbances) during part of its life cycle is dependent on the relation between the average period of the disturbances and the average generation time of the population. This suggests that the size of a population can be controlled by manipulating the period between external disturbances. This theory, first formalized in a study of intertidal Red Sea mollusks exposed to periodic storms, has been found to apply to such seemingly disparate phenomena as the spread of a pathogen among susceptible individuals and the response of malignant cancer cells to chemotherapy. The current article provides a brief review of the evolution of the resonance theory into a tool that can be applied to designing vaccination policies - specifically, in preparedness for bio-terrorism attacks - and in personalized medicine. A personalized protocol based on the resonance theory was applied to a cancer patient, stabilizing his tumor progression, relieving his hematopoietic toxicity, and extending his survival.
UAV-Assisted 5G Network Architecture with Slicing and Virtualization (2018)

Next generation networks promise not only extremely high data rates and low latency, but also ubiquitous coverage and massive IoT. One of the major challenges is the guaranteed service provision even in cases of network failure (e.g. infrastructure damage, remote areas, flash crowd areas etc.). Flying nodes that will act as aerial base stations or relays could back-up the network fast and prevent any service interruption or even enhance network performance. This paper discusses the architecture and possible applications of flying modes in the frame of a 5G network supporting network slicing and lightweight virtualization. It also provides aerial LTE measurement results to support the feasibility check for using UAVs in two possible scenarios, i.e. network capacity enhancement and increasing network coverage.
Conical Conformal Shaped-Beam Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Antenna With Conical-to-Cylindrical Transition (2017)

The analysis and design of a millimeter-wave conical conformal shaped-beam substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) array antenna is demonstrated in this paper. After investigating the influence of the conical surface on the propagation characteristics of a conformal SIW, a modification for the width of a conical conformal SIW is proposed to obtain the same propagation characteristic along the longitudinal direction. This feature is indispensable to employ the classic equivalent circuit of a planar slot array antenna in the design of a conical conformal antenna. In this case, the design process of the conformal antenna can be simplified. An efficient and accurate model method of the conical conformal SIW antenna is presented as well. Then, a design process of the conical conformal SIW slot array antenna is introduced. Furthermore, to implement the transition between a conical surface and a cylindrical surface, a flexible SIWtransition is designed with a good impedance matching. Finally, two low sidelobe level (SLL) SIW conical conformal antennas with and without the flexible transitions are designed. Both of them have -28 dB SLLs in H-plane at the center frequency of 35 GHz.