gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinshasa, the urban factory (2019)

Many analyses of urban conditions in Africa highlight the failure of the state as a developer of spaces and provider of public services. In Kinshasa, we see the reign of the unplanned, the temporary that lasts, the recycled, and the untidy. But despite the vicissitudes of its history (or because of them), the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo remains one of the most inventive cities in the world. The people of Kinshasa are genuinely resilient against the daily challenge of poverty. Now that they know that they will be ever more numerous and that they will soon find themselves living in one of Africa’s largest metropolises, they are waiting for the state to finally fulfil its mission by providing them with basic public services in a controlled urban environment.
Early copper therapy in classic Menkes disease patients with a novel splicing mutation (1995)

To correlate genotype with response to early copper histidine therapy in Menkes disease, an X-linked disorder of copper transport, we performed mutational analysis in 2 related males who began treatment at the age of 10 days and prenatally at 32 weeks' gestation, respectively. A G to T transversion at the -1 exonic position of a splice donor site was identified, predicting a glutamine to histidine substitution at codon 724 of the Menkes copper-transporting ATPase gene. The Q724H mutation disrupts proper splicing and generates five mutant transcripts that skip from one to four exons. None of these transcripts is predicted to encode a functional copper transport protein. Copper histidine treatment normalized circulating copper and ceruloplasmin levels but did not improve the baseline deficiency of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, a copper-dependent enzyme. At the age of 36 months, the first patient was living and had neurodevelopmental abilities ranging from 10 to 15 months. The second patient also showed delayed neurodevelopment and died of pulmonary complications at the age of 5 1/2 months. We conclude that early copper histidine therapy does not normalize neurological outcome in patients with the Q724H splicing mutation, and suggest that preservation of some residual Menkes ATPase activity may be a general prerequisite for significant clinical efficacy from such treatment.
Characterisation of 3D printed sand moulds using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (2018)

Purpose Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used to quantitatively evaluate the packing density, pore connectivity and provide the basis for specimen derived simulations of gas permeability of sand mould. This non-destructive experiment or following simulations can be done on any section of any size sand mould just before casting to validate the required properties. This paper aims to describe the challenges of this method and use it to simulate the gas permeability of 3D printed sand moulds for a range of controlling parameters. The permeability simulations are compared against experimental results using traditional measurement techniques. It suggests that a minimum volume of only 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to obtain, a reliable and most representative than the value obtained by the traditional measurement technique, the simulated permeability of a specimen. Design/methodology/approach X-ray tomography images were used to reconstruct 3D models to simulate them for gas permeability of the 3D printed sand mould specimens, and the results were compared with the experimental result of the same. Findings The influence of printing parameters, especially the re-coater speed, on the pore connectivity of the 3D printed sand mould and related permeability has been identified. Characterisation of these sand moulds using X-ray CT and its suitability, compared to the traditional means, are also studied. While density and 3PB strength are a measure of the quality of the moulds, the pore connectivity from the tomographic images precisely relates to the permeability. The main conclusions of the present study are provided below. A minimum required sample size of 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to provide representative permeability results. This was obtained from sand specimens with an average sand grain size of 140 µm, using the tomographic volume images to define a 3D mesh to run permeability calculations. Z-direction permeability is always lower than that in the X-/Y-directions due to the lower values of X-(120/140 µm) and Y-(101.6 µm) resolutions of the furan droplets. The anisotropic permeability of the 3D printed sand mould is mainly due to, the only adjustable, X-directional resolution of the furan droplets; the Y-directional resolution is a fixed distance, 102.6 µm, between the printhead nozzles and the Z-directional one is usually, 280 µm, twice the size of an average sand grain.A non-destructive and most representative permeability value can be obtained, using the computer simulation, on the reconstructed 3D X-ray tomography images obtained on a specific location of a 3D printed sand mould. This saves time and effort on printing a separate specimen for the traditional test which may not be the most representative to the printed mould. Originality/value The experimental result is compared with the computer simulated results.
Diffusion study of a polymer–diluent system using the optical mass transport method (1985)

Abstract Thermotropic polymers and low‐molecular‐weight mesogens share many common textural features. This circumstance is exploited to determine diffusion coefficents in a system consisting of a cholesteric polymer and a low‐molecular‐weight nematogen using the recently developed optical mass transport method. The self‐diffusion coefficient and its concentration dependence were determined by using a distance–time approach, whereas the time dependence of the mutual diffusion coefficient was evaluated by a conventional concentration–distance analysis of the diffusion profile. Comparison with literature data indicates satisfactory agreement. The coefficient of the scaling law relating the self‐diffusion coefficient and concentration is in accord with the value predicted by de Gennes for semidilute polymer solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE, TWO STEP SYNTHESIS OF 1‐(2‐CHLOROETHYL)‐1‐NITROSO‐3‐(D‐GLUCOS‐2‐YL) UREA (1975)

Abstract 2‐D‐Glucosaminhydrochlorid (I) reagiert mit 2‐Chloräthylisocyanat (II) in Gegenwart von Natronlauge in Chloroform/Diäthyläther zum Hanrstoffderivat (III), dessen Nitrosierung mit salpetriger Säure zur Nitrosoverbindung (IV) führt.
Paper-to-Web: Papier als Eingabemedium für Formulare im World-Wide Web (2001)

Paper-to-Web ist ein System, das im Bereich der Formularverarbeitung die Vorteile der Integration einfacher Endgeräte in flexible Informationsinfrastrukturen aufzeigt. Das System erweitert das CrossPad, einen digitalen Notizblock für weitgehend unstrukturierte Erfassung von Notizen und Skizzen, um Komponenten für die formularbasierte Datenerfassung, und integriert es mit dem World-Wide Web. Auf dieser Basis können Web-Formulare mit Papier und Stift ausgefüllt und für den Nutzer transparent zur Weiterverarbeitung an einen Server übertragen werden. Paper-to-Web zeigt exemplarisch, wie Mensch-Computer-Schnittstellen im übertragenen Sinne unsichtbar werden, wenn bekannte Artefakte — hier Papier und Stift — als Interaktionsobjekte dienen.
A case of perforated Meckel’s diverticulitis tethered to the umbilicus associated with a urachal remnant (2023)

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) occurs in 2% of the population and is often asymptomatic. It is an embryological remnant of the oomphalomesenteric duct and can be associated with another embryonic structure-the urachus. A 23-year-old male presented with generalized abdominal pain and fever on a background of chronic abdominal pain and recurrent urinary infections. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed an inflamed MD. Next day, the patient deteriorated and was taken to theatre. The MD was found to be both perforated and tethered to the umbilicus, which itself was directly related to an abnormal extra-peritoneal structure-shown to be a urachal remnant. Such cases pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Young males with chronic abdominal pain and recurrent urinary infections should be thoroughly investigated for such pathology. Laparoscopic approach to such cases should be undertaken with caution due to possible umbilical tethering.
The Cofilin Phosphatase Slingshot Homolog 1 (SSH1) Links NOD1 Signaling to Actin Remodeling (2014)

NOD1 is an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor that contributes to anti-bacterial innate immune responses, adaptive immunity and tissue homeostasis. NOD1-induced signaling relies on actin remodeling, however, the details of the connection of NOD1 and the actin cytoskeleton remained elusive. Here, we identified in a druggable-genome wide siRNA screen the cofilin phosphatase SSH1 as a specific and essential component of the NOD1 pathway. We show that depletion of SSH1 impaired pathogen induced NOD1 signaling evident from diminished NF-κB activation and cytokine release. Chemical inhibition of actin polymerization using cytochalasin D rescued the loss of SSH1. We further demonstrate that NOD1 directly interacted with SSH1 at F-actin rich sites. Finally, we show that enhanced cofilin activity is intimately linked to NOD1 signaling. Our data thus provide evidence that NOD1 requires the SSH1/cofilin network for signaling and to detect bacterial induced changes in actin dynamics leading to NF-κB activation and innate immune responses.
Pelagic biodiversity (1997)

This chapter looks at the factors controlling large-scale biogeographical patterns of pelagic taxa, the present biogeography of pelagic communities, and the origins of pelagic biodiversity. Oceanic versus neritic biodiversity is considered before the existing patterns of distribution of bathyetric communities are discussed.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein Mnn10p/Bed1p Is a Subunit of a Golgi Mannosyltransferase Complex (1999)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae many of the N-linked glycans on cell wall and periplasmic proteins are modified by the addition of mannan, a large mannose-containing polysaccharide. Mannan comprises a backbone of approximately 50 alpha-1,6-linked mannoses to which are attached many branches consisting of alpha-1,2-linked and alpha-1,3-linked mannoses. The initiation and subsequent elongation of the mannan backbone is performed by two complexes of proteins in the cis Golgi. In this study we show that the product of the MNN10/BED1 gene is a component of one of these complexes, that which elongates the backbone. Analysis of interactions between the proteins in this complex shows that Mnn10p, and four previously characterized proteins (Anp1p, Mnn9p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p) are indeed all components of the same large structure. Deletion of either Mnn10p, or its homologue Mnn11p, results in defects in mannan synthesis in vivo, and analysis of the enzymatic activity of the complexes isolated from mutant strains suggests that Mnn10p and Mnn11p are responsible for the majority of the alpha-1, 6-polymerizing activity of the complex.
Estradiol Metabolism: Crossroads in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2019)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating and progressive disease that predominantly develops in women. Over the past 15 years, cumulating evidence has pointed toward dysregulated metabolism of sex hormones in animal models and patients with PAH. 17β-estradiol (E2) is metabolized at positions C2, C4, and C16, which leads to the formation of metabolites with different biological/estrogenic activity. Since the first report that 2-methoxyestradiol, a major non-estrogenic metabolite of E2, attenuates the development and progression of experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH), it has become increasingly clear that E2, E2 precursors, and E2 metabolites exhibit both protective and detrimental effects in PH. Furthermore, both experimental and clinical data suggest that E2 has divergent effects in the pulmonary vasculature versus right ventricle (estrogen paradox in PAH). The estrogen paradox is of significant clinical relevance for understanding the development, progression, and prognosis of PAH. This review updates experimental and clinical findings and provides insights into: (1) the potential impacts that pathways of estradiol metabolism (EMet) may have in PAH; (2) the beneficial and adverse effects of estrogens and their precursors/metabolites in experimental PH and human PAH; (3) the co-morbidities and pathological conditions that may alter EMet and influence the development/progression of PAH; (4) the relevance of the intracrinology of sex hormones to vascular remodeling in PAH; and (5) the advantages/disadvantages of different approaches to modulate EMet in PAH. Finally, we propose the three-tier-estrogen effects in PAH concept, which may offer reconciliation of the opposing effects of E2 in PAH and may provide a better understanding of the complex mechanisms by which EMet affects the pulmonary circulation-right ventricular interaction in PAH.
Estimation of Ahisotropy of X-Ray Elastic Modulus in Steel Sheets (1985)

The oscillation from a linear relation in the 20 vs. sin 2 ψ diagram has been a most important problem in X-ray stress measurement. There are, therefore, a number of papers concerned with the X-ray elastic constant, lattice strains under stresses and evaluation of stresses of textured materials. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the three-dimensional orientation distribution of steel sheets by means of the Vector method proposed by Ruer and Baro, and to calculate the elastic modulus of textured sheets by means of a finite element method (FEM) using the three-dimensional orientation distribution, and then to calculate the strain/stress ratios vs. the directions defined by the angles between the specimen normal and the normal to the diffracting planes.
Alkyl Derivatives of Cholic Acid as Organogelators:  One-Component and Two-Component Gels (2002)

Cholic acid was coupled to an alkyl tail via three different connecting groups, amide, urea, and ester group, and the gelation capabilities of these compounds in different solvents were compared. Both amide and urea derivatives form one-component gels. They give transparent and stable gels in aromatic solvents through a hydrogen bonded network of monomolecular fibers. Structural variations give information about the molecular requirements for gelation. A new kind of two-component gel was found for the ester derivatives with two carbohydrates, isomannide and isosorbide. Formation of wormlike, inverted micelles causes gelation of apolar solvents. The optimal stoichiometry of the co-gelators lies close to 1:1.
Novel clustering selection criterion for fast binary key speaker diarization (2015)

Speaker diarization has become an important building block in many speech-related systems. Given the great increase of audiovisual media, fast systems are required in order to process large amounts of data in a reasonable time. In this regard, the recently proposed speaker diarization system based on binary key speaker modeling provides a very fast alternative to state-of-the-art systems at the cost of a slight decrease in performance. This decrease is mainly due to drawbacks in the final clustering selection algorithm, which is far from returning the optimum clustering the system is actually able to generate. At the same time, we have identified potential points of our system which can be further sped up. This paper aims to face these two issues by first lightening the processing at the main identified bottleneck, and second by proposing an alternative clustering selection technique capable of providing near-optimum clustering outputs. Experimental results on the REPERE test database validate the effectiveness of the proposed improvements, obtaining a relative performance gain of 20% and execution times of 0.037 xRT (being xRT the Real-Time factor).
Einleitung (2003)

ZusammenfassungBürgerschaftliches Engagement hat in Deutschland seinen angestammten Platz in Vereinen und Verbänden verlassen und hat Eingang in die Gesellschaftspolitik gefunden. Es wird verknüpft mit den drängenden Zukunftsfragen in Staat und Gesellschaft. Ähnliches lässt sich in anderen Ländern beobachten, wo man ebenso Ausschau hält nach einem funktionsfähigen Zusammenspiel von staatlicher Zuständigkeit und individueller Verantwortung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger, deren Anspruch auf demokratische Beteiligung an politischen und sozialen Belangen wächst und nach einer Neuordnung verlangt. Umso naheliegender ist ein Blick über die Grenzen insbesondere in jene Länder, die über eine lange Tradition des bürgerschaftlichen Engagements verfügen, seinen Stellenwert neu bestimmen und politische Anstrengungen zur Weiterentwicklung und Neuorganisation unternehmen. Das von den Vereinten Nationen ausgerufene Internationale Jahr der Freiwilligen hat daran erinnert, dass Bürgerengagement längst auch Teil des Globalisierungsprozesses geworden ist. Damit sind weltweit Fragen der Menschen- und Bürgerrechte berührt. Vielerorts wächst das Bedürfnis, das Fundament der Demokratie zu verbreitern und die bürgerschaftlichen Kräfte zu stärken. In Zusammenschlüssen unterschiedlichster Art haben sich zivile Akteure in vielen Ländern vereinigt und arbeiten in eigener Verantwortung an Verbesserungen der politischen und sozialen Lebensverhältnisse.
Embedding fuzzy knowledge into neural networks for control applications (2002)

Fuzzy control has recently emerged as a new technique of knowledge-based intelligent control in which precise knowledge of control algorithms is not required. The control knowledge is expressed in terms of membership functions for control parameters and a given rule set which defines the relationship among various parameters. Although this technique is robust, it cannot learn and adapt as parameters change over time. Neural network control uses learning for defining mapping between input and output data. By using fuzzy logic rule/membership knowledge and neural network learning capability, this work proposes a new method for combining the two intelligent control methods. The proposed neuro-fuzzy method embeds fuzzy rule and membership knowledge into a neural network for training via a backpropagation algorithm. Results based on fuzzy control, the Iwata-Machida-Toda method, and this proposed method are given for cart-pole problems. The proposed method has the best response time and the smallest magnitude of oscillations near the setpoint.
On electrical analogs for flow networks (1969)

A combinatoric argument is used to derive a diode-source analog for minimum cost flow problems.
Feasibility analysis of microwave frequency to detect wood for potential microwave application (2017)

Microwave frequency has the potential to assist and improve forest product industry in terms of quality and quantity. Consequently, it has been selected to perform non-destructive inspection on wood which is defected or contains resin internally. This paper describes an experiment to determine the relationship between the attenuation of microwave signals and the different diameters of the holes in tree trunks. This analysis can be used as a reference for an optimal setup for a new microwave tomography aimed at the inspection of valuable wood trunks.
119 The Vulvodynia Experience Questionnaire (VEQ): Qualitative Development of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Vulvodynia (2019)

Journal Article 119 The Vulvodynia Experience Questionnaire (VEQ): Qualitative Development of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Vulvodynia Get access A. Goldstein, A. Goldstein The Centers for Vulvovaginal Disorders Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Quintana Diez, P. Quintana Diez Grunenthal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kapanadze, S. Kapanadze Grunenthal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.L. Cala, M.L. Cala Endpoint Outcomes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Evans, C. Evans Endpoint Outcomes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Whyte, J. Whyte Endpoint Outcomes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Christoph A. Christoph Grunenthal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Volume 16, Issue Supplement_3, June 2019, Page S46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.557 Published: 01 June 2019
Rapid quantification of myocardial lipid content in humans using single breath‐hold 1H MRS at 3 Tesla (2011)

A rapid, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy method to evaluate human myocardial lipid levels in a single breath-hold at 3 T using a commercial whole-body system is presented. During a 10 s breath-hold, water unsuppressed and suppressed spectra were acquired by two phased array coils using a short-echo time spectroscopic stimulated echo (STEAM) sequence electrocardiogram-triggered to mid-diastole. Lipid-to-water ratios were obtained in the septum of 15 healthy volunteers, (0.46 ± 0.19)%. These results agreed well with ratios obtained from averaged spectra acquired in seven multiple breath-holds, (0.45 ± 0.20)%, providing increased signal-to-noise ratio but requiring longer acquisition times. Excellent correlation was found between the two methods (r=0.94, P<0.05). Reproducibility of (1)H MRS for measuring myocardial lipid levels in a short breath-hold was acceptable in five repeated measurements within the same subject (coefficient of variation=19%). Thus, single breath-hold proton spectroscopy allows reliable and quick quantification of myocardial lipids at 3 T.
High-Performance Schottky Diode Gas Sensor Based on the Heterojunction of Three-Dimensional Nanohybrids of Reduced Graphene Oxide–Vertical ZnO Nanorods on an AlGaN/GaN Layer (2017)

A Schottky diode based on a heterojunction of three-dimensional (3D) nanohybrid materials, formed by hybridizing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with epitaxial vertical zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) and Al<sub>0.27</sub>GaN<sub>0.73</sub>(∼25 nm)/GaN is presented as a new class of high-performance chemical sensors. The RGO nanosheet layer coated on the ZnO NRs enables the formation of a direct Schottky contact with the AlGaN layer. The sensing results of the Schottky diode with respect to NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO gases exhibit high sensitivity (0.88-1.88 ppm<sup>-1</sup>), fast response (∼2 min), and good reproducibility down to 120 ppb concentration levels at room temperature. The sensing mechanism of the Schottky diode can be explained by the effective modulation of the reverse saturation current due to the change in thermionic emission carrier transport caused by ultrasensitive changes in the Schottky barrier of a van der Waals heterostructure between RGO and AlGaN layers upon interaction with gas molecules. Advances in the design of a Schottky diode gas sensor based on the heterojunction of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas channel and highly responsive 3D-engineered sensing nanomaterials have potential not only for the enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity but also for improving operation capability at room temperature.