gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive associations of soil organic matter and crop yields across a regional network of working farms (2021)

Abstract The amount of soil organic matter (SOM) is considered a key indicator of soil properties associated with higher fertility. Despite the ubiquity of assumptions surrounding SOM's contributions to soil functioning, we lack quantitative relationships between SOM and yield outcomes on working farms. We quantified the relationship between SOM and yields of corn ( Zea mays L.) and silage for a dataset of 170 fields arrayed across 49 farms in a network of growers based in Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA. As SOM concentrations increase so do yields, though gains start to level off around 4% SOM. When examining the relationship between yield and soil health indicators representative of biologically active C pools, we found that mineralizable C has a stronger relationship with yield than permanganate oxidizable C. Mineral fertilizer, manure, and SOM had relationships of similar magnitude with yield, highlighting that SOM in combination with exogenous inputs likely plays an important role in driving agricultural productivity in this region. An interaction between SOM and crop rotation indicated that the impact of SOM on crop yields varied depending on rotation (continuous corn vs. corn in rotation). That is, continuous corn had lower yields than corn in rotation despite higher SOM concentrations. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between indicators of soil health, farm management, and crop yields for a set of working farms and lend support to the goals of soil health initiatives that rest on building SOM in agricultural soils to improve agricultural outcomes.
A potential approach for mobility prediction using GPS data (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of user movement prediction from historical location data. We create an Android application, namely Movement Predictor, that can help to collect location data from registered users by Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. We analyze different kinds of feature vectors and compare three supervised learning models: Markov model, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and decision tree. The experiments show that SVM model can achieve the highest performance (with an accuracy 92%) in comparison with other approaches.
The Applications and Technology of Phase-Only Liquid Crystal on Silicon Devices (2010)

An introduction to the technology of liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) devices leads on to a discussion of the application areas which have been and are being opened up by the development of phase-only devices.
Nanoassembled quantum photonic devices with nanodiamond-based color centers (2022)

Color centers in nanodiamonds are promising candidates to realize high-bandwidth quantum optical devices integrated on mature photonic platforms. However, both the optical properties of these emitters and the geometries of host nanoparticles are highly heterogenous. The interfacing of nanodiamond-based color centers with the on-chip photonic circuitry requires their careful pre-selection and deterministic manipulation with nanoscale precision. We present a suite of recently developed techniques for rapid emitter selection and nanofabrication aimed at realizing deterministically assembled plasmon-enhanced single-photon sources. These techniques include optical nanoparticle metrology, machine learning for quantum optical measurements, probe-assisted nanoantenna assembly and the control of plasmonic cavity volume through photomodification.
Burn-induced alterations in cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors (1992)

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that burn injury (45% total body surface area, 3rd-degree scald burn) diminishes contractile and relaxation function in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. The mechanisms responsible for the burn-mediated dysfunction are not well understood. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the inotropic response to isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, and burn-induced alterations in beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-AR) in adult guinea pig hearts. Isoproterenol dose-response curves were generated in isolated perfused hearts from sham-burned and burned guinea pigs. In addition, binding studies were performed using [125I]iodocyanopindolol on hearts from sham-burned and burned guinea pigs. Both the functional response and sensitivity to isoproterenol were significantly diminished 24 h after burn injury. beta-AR density (binding capacity, Bmax) and affinity were determined by Scatchard analysis. Agonist competition curves were performed in the presence or absence of 0.1 mM 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate. There was no difference in Bmax in membranes from sham-burned and burned hearts; however, the affinity of beta-AR was significantly decreased after burn injury compared with sham burn [dissociation constant = 32.5 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SE), n = 10, vs. 26.7 +/- 1.7 pM, n = 10, P = 0.039]. Furthermore, the fraction of receptors in a high-affinity state (those functionally coupled to Gs protein) was significantly decreased after burn injury compared with sham burn (41.2 +/- 4.7%, n = 9, vs. 54 +/- 2%, n = 9, P = 0.023).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-speed, low-noise avalanche photodiodes (2002)

A resonant InAlAs-InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) that operates at 1 to 1.5 mm has achieved very low noise (k equivalent to 0.18), unity-gain bandwidth of 24 GHz, and a gain-bandwidth-product of 290 GHz.
Thermal Analysis of High Efficiency High Speed Drives (2019)

Abstract The thermal management of the PCB based power electronics is a key element to ensure safe operating conditions and to meet lifetime, reliability and safety requirements. This is challenging for applications above 1 kW because the substrate material used in a PCB such as FR-4 has very low heat conducting properties. Hence, there is a limit on how much loss can be dissipated from the board and for that reason this approach has only been adopted in the industry for very low power applications. With the proposed multilevel topology, WBG devices, and innovative thermal management strategies it is possible to expand the PCB based power electronics approach to power ratings between 1kW and 10 kW. For instance, an improvement in the thermal resistance of the PCB can be obtained by soldering a discrete WBG device with a TO-263 package directly on a PCB with about one inch square copper area around the device which will act as a heat spreader. Then, a further substantial reduction in the thermal resistance of a PCB is possible by the application of electrical vias. In principle each via is a copper sleeve through the board or through a part of the board. Where, instead of using its electrical function, a via can also be used as a thermal conductor. In this work, the thermal analysis of the PCB and the effect of number of vias as well as the effect of filling the vias with a thermally conductive material has been studied. The design has been optimized for the number of vias and the modeling results have been verified with experimental tests.
Self-accelerating solitons (2022)

Abstract Basic models which give rise to one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) solitons, such as the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations for BEC, feature the Galilean invariance, which makes it possible to generate families of moving solitons from quiescent ones. A challenging problem is to find models admitting stable self-accelerating (SA) motion of solitons. SA modes are known in linear systems in the form of Airy waves, but they are poorly localized states. This brief review presents two-component BEC models which make it possible to predict SA solitons. In one system, a pair of interacting 1D solitons with opposite signs of the effective mass is created in a binary BEC trapped in an optical-lattice potential. In that case, opposite interaction forces, acting on the solitons with positive and negative masses, produce equal accelerations, while the total momentum is conserved. The second model is based on a system of GP equations for two atomic components, which are resonantly coupled by a microwave field. The latter model produces an exact transformation to an accelerating references frame, thus predicting 1D and 2D stable SA solitons, including vortex rings.
Pharmacological validation of SSc-ILD mouse model bleomycin-induced by osmotic minipump (2021)

Abstract Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive production and accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The unknown pathogenetic mechanisms of SSc-ILD and the lack of animal models mimicking the features of the human disease contribute to create a gap between the selection of antifibrotic drug candidates and effective therapies. Nintedanib (NINT) was used as a tool compound to validate the pharmacological response either on lung or skin fibrosis in a SSc-ILD mouse model. The model is based on the continuous infusion of bleomycin (BLM) by osmotic minipumps for 1 week in the C57BL/6 female mice. Longitudinal Micro-CT analysis highlighted a significant slowdown in lung fibrosis progression after NINT treatment, then confirmed by histology. However, no significant effect was observed on lung hydroxyproline content, inflammatory infiltrate and skin lipoatrophy. The modest pharmacological effect reported reflects the clinical outcome, lighting up the reliability of this model to serve as secondary screening to profile the best clinical drug candidates. Moreover, we have underlined the pivotal role of Micro-CT imaging, together describing the relevant readouts and the importance of their validation prior to use for drug discovery.
<title>X-ray spectra in the 12- to 60-keV energy range from plasmas produced by the OMEGA laser</title> (2001)

X-ray spectra in the energy range 12-60 keV were recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer form targets irradiated by the 60 beam, approximately kJ, OMEGA laser. The targets consisted of planar silver and gold foils, spherical gold targets, and krypton-filled CH shells. The time-integrated spectral images were recorded by a CCD sensor with a phosphor conversion screen. Emission features identified in the spectra include the silver K(alpha) line at 22.1 keV and the helium-like krypton resonance line series at 13-17 keV.
Comprehensive mutation identification in an evolved bacterial cooperator and its cheating ancestor (2006)

Precise characterization of the mutation histories of evolutionary lineages is crucial for understanding the evolutionary process, yet mutation identification has been constrained by traditional techniques. We sought to identify all accumulated mutations in an experimentally evolved lineage of the cooperative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus, which constructs fruiting bodies by a process of social multicellular development in response to starvation. This lineage had undergone two major transitions in social phenotype: from an ancestral cooperator to a socially defective cheater, and from the cheater to a competitively dominant cooperator that re-evolved social and developmental proficiency. The 9.14-Mb genome of the evolved, dominant cooperator (strain "PX") was sequenced to approximately 19-fold coverage by using recent "sequencing-by-synthesis" technology and partially sequenced (approximately 45%) by using capillary technology. The resulting data revealed 15 single-nucleotide mutations relative to the laboratory ancestor of PX after the two phases of experimental evolution but no evidence of duplications, transpositions, or multiple-base deletions. No mutations were identified by capillary sequencing beyond those found by pyrosequencing, resulting in a high probability that all mutations were discovered. Seven errors in the reference strain previously sequenced by the Sanger approach were revealed, as were five mutational differences between two distinct laboratory stocks of the reference strain. A single mutation responsible for the restoration of development in strain PX was identified, whereas 14 mutations occurred during the prior phase of experimental evolution. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of two large adaptive transitions in a social bacterium.
40 W All-Fiber Er/Yb MOPA System Using Self-Fabricated High-Power Passive Fiber Components (2018)

In this work, we demonstrate a three-stage all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system emitting over 40 W of continuous-wave (CW) output power at ~1.5 µm. The setup utilizes three self-fabricated high-power passive fiber components: a mode-field adaptor (MFA) and two types of pump and signal power combiners. Their development allowed us to become independent from commercially available components, which are often incompatible with fibers used in the experimental setups, resulting in additional losses. A power combiner with single-mode (SM) signal fibers in a configuration (5 + 1) × 1 was used in the second stage of the MOPA system, which was based on an SM Er–Yb co-doped double-clad (DC) fiber. The fabricated MFA was used to connect the second amplifier stage based on SM fibers with the third amplifier stage based on large-mode-area (LMA) fibers. In the third stage of MOPA system, based on Er–Yb LMA DC fibers, we used the fabricated power combiner based on LMA-type signal fibers in a configuration (6 + 1) × 1. The presented three-stage MOPA system, utilizing self-fabricated high-power passive fiber components, enables amplification of an input signal of 10 mW up to 44 W of the CW power at the wavelengths of 1555 nm and 1563 nm, corresponding to a gain level of approximately 36.4 dB.
Detection of sodium trace contamination in furnace atmospheres at 1000 °C (1976)

Free sodium atoms were detected by resonance fluorescence in an open contaminated quartz tube heated to 1000 °C. The quartz tube and furnace were similar to those used in semiconductor device processing. Fluorescence was excited by a cw dye laser tuned to the sodium D1 or D2 transition and directed along the axis of the furnace. Fluorescence from the sodium D2 line emitted in the axial direction was collected by a telescopic system and focused onto a photomultiplier tube. The estimated minimum detectable sodium density in the furnace is 5×105 atoms/cm3. No free sodium was detectable in a processing tube that had not been intentionally contaminated.
Optimal bit allocation via the generalized BFOS algorithm (1991)

P.H. Westerink et al. (1988) developed an optimal bit allocation algorithm that is simplified when all operational distortion-rate functions (which are referred to as quantizer functions) are convex. This algorithm is restated using the generalized Breiman, Friedman, Olshen, and Stone (BFOS) algorithm (a recently developed technique for variable rate vector quantizer design) for both cases of convex and nonconvex quantizer functions (QFs), and its complexity is analyzed. The use of the generalized BFOS algorithm for optimal bit allocation is analysed. It is shown that if each source has a convex quantizer function then the complexity of the algorithm is low.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Silica modified nanofiltration membranes with improved selectivity for redox flow battery application (2011)

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes with in situ assembled silica on the surface and in the pores were proposed and successfully prepared for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) applications to improve the vanadium/proton selectivity. VRBs assembled with the modified membranes exhibited much higher Coulombic efficiency than that with original NF membranes, while with a similar voltage efficiency. The results indicate that silica modification can effectively increase the membranes' ion selectivity and maintain good ion-conducting properties. The concept provides an effective way to fabricate high performance porous membranes for VRB applications.
Clinical significance of heart fatty acid-binding protein in hemodialysis patients (2004)

血液透析患者の心臓脂肪酸結合蛋白 (H-FABP) の臨床的意義について検討した. 血液透析患者 (HD群): 47例, 非血液透析患者 (non HD群): 55例について, 心エコー検査で, 左室心筋重量係数 (LVMI), フォルムPWV/ABIで上腕・足首脈波伝播速度 (ba PWV) を, 頸動脈エコーで頸動脈内膜中膜複合体 (IMT) を測定した. ついで, 血中H-FABPおよび心筋トロポニンT (cTnT) 濃度を測定し, 心血管系合併症の有無, 一般検査所見, 腎機能, 左室肥大, 心機能との関係を検討するとともに, ROC解析を施行し, 虚血性心疾患 (IHD) を検出する上での有用性について検討した.HD群ではnon HD群に比べて, 有意にH-FABPが高く (p<0.0001), non HD群と同様, 血清クレアチニン (Cr) と正の相関を示した (r=0.379, p<0.01). よって, H-FABPをCrで補正した新たな指標 “H-FABP/Cr” を各種パラメーターとH-FABPとの関連性の検討に用いた.HD群では, IHD合併例は非合併例にくらべて, 有意にH-FABP/Crが高かった (p<0.01), HD群のH-FABP/CrはEFと有意に負の相関を示し (r=-0.456, p<0.005), EF<50%の心機能低下群はEF≧50%の心機能正常群にくらべ有意に高かった (p=0.0001). HD群でH-FABP/Crは, 心重量係数 (LVMI)・心胸郭比 (CTR) と有意に正の相関を示した (r=0.405, p<0.005; r=0.311, p<0.05). ROC解析の結果, HD群において, IHDを検出する上でH-FABP/CrはROC面積 (AUC) 0.799 (p<0.0001) と, cTnT (AUC=0.764, p=0.002) のそれにくらべて大きく, より有用と考えられた.このように血液透析患者では, H-FABPをCrで補正した新たな指標 “H-FABP/Cr” が, 虚血性心疾患, 左室機能障害, 左室肥大を評価する上で有用であることが明らかとなった.
Developing a Future-Proof CFD Code (2015)

The future-proof development of a compressible finite-volume RANS code is considered. An existing domain-decomposed Fortran 90/MPI production application has been redeveloped in C including a generic data communication harness, to allow exploitation of diverse hardware platforms, and future-proof the code for new highly- parallel hardware and languages. This includes development of a kernel stencil DSL and source-to-source translation for the auto generation of OpenMP, MPI, OpenCL, and CUDA code versions, and heterogeneous combinations thereof.
Evaluating RE And CE ProgramsEE's Emergent Siblings (2003)

A “new wave” of programs are currently spreading across the nation: programs that promote the use of renewable and/or highly efficient and non-polluting technologies to generate electricity at the premises of energy end-users (i.e., utility customers). While primarily intended to reduce the need to purchase electricity supplied “through the meter” from the power grid, these generating units may at times supply power to the grid. Several aspects of these programs are closely similar to “traditional” DSM programs (similar barriers of high first-cost, awareness and availability, limited supporting infrastructure of thoroughly trained dealers and contractors who have extensive experience with the technologies, and a reluctance to invest in equipment that is unproven and may not perform as the seller is claiming), and similar approaches for overcoming these barriers. Each of the various technologies featured in electricity-fromrenewable-energy programs have unique operating characteristic and unique siting challenges, and hence have unique participation barriers. Participation rates are usually smaller than for traditional programs. Program evaluations must be designed to include the presence of multiple competing technologies and multiple “gatekeepers” (e.g., multiple inspectors, each serving a particular interest) as well as the unique features of technologies.
Anaesthesia for arterial puncture in the emergency department: a randomized trial of subcutaneous lidocaine, ethyl chloride or nothing (2008)

Ethyl chloride is not an effective local anaesthetic agent for AP. When the pain of local anaesthetic administration is taken into account the benefit of subcutaneous lidocaine for single AP is limited.
An Integrated Framework for Energy Optimization of Embedded Real-Time Applications (2014)

This paper presents a framework for reducing the energy consumption of embedded real-time systems. We implemented the presented framework as both an optimization toolchain and an energy-aware real-time operating system. The framework consists of the integration of multiple techniques to optimize the energy consumption. The main idea behind our approach is to utilize trade-offs between the energy consumption and the performance of different processor configurations during task checkpoints, and to maintain memory allocation during task context switches. In our framework, a target application is statically analyzed at both intra-task and inter-task levels. Based on these analyzed results, runtime optimization is performed in response to the behavior of the application. A case study shows that our toolchain and real-time operating systems have achieved energy reduction while satisfying the real-time performance. The toolchain has also been successfully applied to a practical application.
Spectroscopic analysis of phase constitution of high quality VO2 thin film prepared by facile sol-gel method (2013)

VO2 thin films with large-area were prepared on Al2O3 substrates by a simple sol-gel method. After an annealing treatment under low vacuum condition, all the VO2 films showed a preferred growth direction and exhibited excellent semiconductor-metal transition (SMT) characteristics. The structure and electrical properties of the obtained VO2 films were investigated systematically. Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectra measurements pointed out that the VO2 film on ${\rm A}{\rm l}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3} ( {{\rm 10}\overline {\rm 1} {\rm 0}})$Al2O3(101¯0) substrate showed a M1 phase instead of M2 phase as reported in previous studies. Based on the experiment results, it was suggested that the strained structure of oriented VO2 films could be a mechanism for the formation of the intermediate M2 phase, whereas it is difficult to access the pure M2 phase of undoped VO2 films. VO2 film on ${\rm A}{\rm l}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3} \left( {{\rm 10}\overline {\rm 1} {\rm 0}} \right)$Al2O3101¯0 substrate showed a lower SMT temperature compared to VO2 film on Al2O3 (0001), which can be mostly attributed to the differences of both lattice mismatch and thermal stress. The present results confirm and make clear the relevance of the substrate orientation in the growth of VO2 film and their different contributions to the SMT characteristics in vanadate systems.
OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT GLASS WITH VERTICALLY ALIGNED SURFACE Al2O3 NANOWIRES HAVING SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CHARACTERISTICS (2010)

We have shown in this paper that the self-ordered pore structure of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) can be utilized as a basis to conveniently form large-area Al 2 O 3 nanowire arrays on a glass surface. An aluminum oxide nanowire array has been produced by aluminum film deposition on glass followed by anodization, then simple chemical etching. The glass surface as prepared is highly superhydrophobic, with a contact angle as high as 169°. The thinness (~ 340 nm) and vertical alignment of the aluminum oxide nanowires with empty spaces in-between essentially contribute to maintaining the optical transparency of the glass substrate. Interestingly, substantially suppressed UV transmission in the ~ 300–400 nm spectrum region was observed with the presence of the Al 2 O 3 nanowires on the glass substrate. Such a durable surface ceramic nanowire structure can be useful for producing superhydrophobic, self-cleaning glasses with a variety of potential applications such as UV protecting glass windows for high rise buildings with reduced consumption of water and cleaning chemicals for positive environmental effects.
Detection of maize DNA sequences amplified in wheat (1995)

Genomic in situ hybridization to somatic metaphase chromosomes of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring using biotinylated maize genomic DNA as a probe revealed the existence of amplified maize DNA sequences in five pairs of chromosomes. The in situ hybridization sites were located on chromosomes 1A, 7A, 2B, 3B, and 7B. One pair of in situ hybridization sites was also observed in hexaploid oat. The locations and sizes of in situ hybridization sites varied among progenitor species.