gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5G New Radio Fronthaul Network Design for eCPRI-IEEE 802.1CM and Extreme Latency Percentiles (2019)

Packet-switched fronthaul networks are often designed following the rule that the worst-case network delay must be below a given target end-to-end network latency budget. However, the theoretical maximum delay can be too pessimistic in particular scenarios, where the latency budget needs to be a very small or there is a need to stretch the distance between the radio heads and the baseband units. In this paper, we propose to use a very high packet delay percentiles as an alternative to the maximum theoretical delay in order to stretch the range of the fronthaul links at the expense of a higher frame loss ratio (FLR), within the limits established by eCPRI and the IEEE 802.1 CM. Several methods to estimate the percentiles for the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">U</sub> /II <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> eCPRI functional splits are analyzed. Namely, G/G/1 and N*D/D/1 queueing models are tested and compared with simulation as dimensioning tools. The results support that the N*D/D/1 queue is able to model the behavior of a packet-switch fronthaul aggregator using the eCPRI standard for 5g New Radio (NR) Fronthaul streams and can be used as a tool to dimension the length of the links. The experiments show that the fronthaul links' lengths can be increased by 60% and 10% for 50- and 100-MHz NR channels, respectively, while keeping the latency budget and frame loss ratio within the IEEE 802.1 CM limits.
Effect of Coal Drying on the Behavior of Inorganic Species during Victorian Brown Coal Pyrolysis and Combustion (2011)

The purpose of this work was to determine whether coal pre-drying will affect the behavior of the low concentrations of inorganic species present in coal during combustion. A drop tube furnace was used to generate chars and ashes from both wet and dry coal. Raw coal, char, and ash were then analyzed for the presence of inorganic species (i.e., Na, Mg, Ca, K, S, Si, Al, Fe, and Ca) using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). There were no major differences observed between the ash formation during combustion of dry and wet coal within the temperature ranges investigated. However, there may be other implications, such as higher furnace temperature and heat flux and slagging in the furnace. This may change the ashing behavior, which warrants further investigation. Chars contained Na, Mg, and Cl bound to the char matrix and an array of excluded minerals present in low concentrations. At 800 °C, more metals were lost from wet coal than dry coal during pyrolysis. This was possibly due to the inability of the metals to migrate back into the char matrix during rapid drying prior to pyrolysis. Char formed at 1000 °C seemed to be unaffected by the coal moisture content, likely because the rate of decomposition reactions at that temperature become significant, leading to the loss of inorganics from the char matrix as well as the coal moisture. An increase in the ratio of C–Cl to inorganic chlorine was observed with an increasing temperature. This may mean that the propensity for the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) is increased in the dry coal case, given that that the particle temperature during coal pyrolysis is increased with a decreased moisture content. The pyrolysis rate was found to be similar for both dry and wet coal, meaning that the assumptions used in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling for predicting the outcomes of changes to operating conditions in industrial boilers will still stand with pre-dried coal as the input.
Physical constraints onc13and δ for transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks (2015)

ABSTRACT Based on the theory of anisotropic elasticity and observation of static mechanic measurement of transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks or rock‐like materials, we reasoned that one of the three principal Poisson's ratios of transversely isotropic hydrocarbon source rocks should always be greater than the other two and they should be generally positive. From these relations, we derived tight physical constraints on c 13 , Thomsen parameter δ, and anellipticity parameter η. Some of the published data from laboratory velocity anisotropy measurement are lying outside of the constraints. We analysed that they are primarily caused by substantial uncertainty associated with the oblique velocity measurement. These physical constraints will be useful for our understanding of Thomsen parameter δ, data quality checking, and predicting δ from measurements perpendicular and parallel to the symmetrical axis of transversely isotropic medium. The physical constraints should also have potential application in anisotropic seismic data processing.
Characteristics of CO2 adsorption on biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis in molten salt (2018)

Abstract This work focused on the preparation and characterization of a promising biochar as a novel solid adsorbent towards CO 2. The biochar was prepared by catalytic pyrolysis of waste roasted peanut shell in molten salt; it was characterized by means of SEM‐EDS, BET, FTIR, and TGA, followed by determining the adsorption characteristics, such as adsorption capacity, isosteric heat of adsorption, uptake rate, and selectivity via adsorption temperature and gas pressure. The results indicated that the as‐prepared biochar had a rich microporous structure with a peak pore size in the range of 0.69–1.3 nm, and exhibited a good performance of CO 2 adsorption with a capacity of 3.8 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa. Moreover, the adsorption selectivity of CO 2 over N 2 , O 2 , CO, and CH 4 was found to be above 12, 11, 8, and 7, respectively. In addition, an interesting phenomenon of an initial increase and then a decrease in the selectivity of CO 2 /N 2 adsorption with increasing gas pressure was experimentally revealed.
Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Nondestructive Evaluation Technique (1998)

Nonlinear acoustic technique has been recently introduced as a new tool for nondestructive inspection and evaluation of fatigued, defective, and fractured materials. Various defects such as cracks, debonding, fatigue, etc. lead to anomalous high levels of nonlinearity as compared with flawless structures. One of the acoustic manifestations of such nonlinearity is the modulation of ultrasound by low frequency vibration. Two methods employing the nonlinear interaction of ultrasound and vibration were developed, namely vibromodulation (VM) and impactmodulation (IM) methods. VM method employs forced harmonic vibration of a structure tested, while IM method uses impact excitation of structure natural modes of vibration. The feasibility tests were carried out for different objects and demonstrated high sensitivity of the methods for detection of cracks in steel pipes and pins, bonding quality in titanium and thermoplastic plates used for airspace applications, cracks in combustion engine, adhesion flaws in bonded composite structures, and cracks and corrosion in reinforced concrete. The model of the crack allowing to describe the modulation of sound by vibration is discussed. The developed nonlinear technique demonstrated certain advantages as compared with the conventional linear acoustic technique, specifically discrimination capabilities, sensitivity, and applicability to highly inhomogeneous structures.
Diagnostic Error in Medicine (2009)

Physicians readily recalled multiple cases of diagnostic errors and were willing to share their experiences. Using a new taxonomy tool and aggregating cases by diagnosis and error type revealed patterns of diagnostic failures that suggested areas for improvement. Systematic solicitation and analysis of such errors can identify potential preventive strategies.
Stable Government of Mitosis by Greatwall: the Emperor's Best Servant (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article is related to:Determinants for Activation of the Atypical AGC Kinase Greatwall during M Phase Entry The views expressed in this Commentary do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSOur work on the G2/M transition is supported by a research grant from the Netherlands Cancer Society (KWF 2008-4135).We thank our lab members for support and inspiring discussions.
Isolation of Premyrsinane, Myrsinane, and Tigliane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia pithyusa Using a Chikungunya Virus Cell-Based Assay and Analogue Annotation by Molecular Networking (2017)

Six new premyrsinol esters (1-6) and one new myrsinol ester (8) were isolated from an aerial parts extract of Euphorbia pithyusa, together with a known premyrsinol (7) and two known dideoxyphorbol esters (9 and 10), following a bioactivity-guided purification procedure using a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cell-based assay. The structures of the new diterpene esters (1-6 and 8) were elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated against CHIKV replication, and results showed that the 4β-dideoxyphorbol ester 10 was the most active compound, with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 4.0 ± 0.3 μM and a selectivity index of 10.6. To gain more insight into the structural diversity of diterpenoids produced by E. pithyusa, the initial extract and chromatographic fractions were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The generated data were annotated using a molecular networking procedure and revealed that dozens of unknown premyrsinane, myrsinane, and tigliane analogues were present.
Extracorporeal treatment of intoxications (2007)

Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to provide the critical care clinician with a comprehensive review of the indications for extracorporeal elimination of toxic substances, to summarize the different techniques and the intoxications for which these techniques are suitable. Recent findings In the last year, several excellent reviews about toxicological topics have been published. These reviews focused on intoxications in children, the approach of the patient with an unknown overdose, management of intoxications with salicylates, β-blockers and calcium antagonists and liver support systems. Important developments include the use of high-flux, high-efficiency membranes and albumin dialysis using the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS). This system offers possibilities for the removal of protein-bound substances such as diltiazem, phenytoin and theophylline. Summary Although large randomized controlled trials are scarce in the field of toxicology, the treatment of intoxications is becoming more and more evidence based. This review summarizes the current knowledge and recommendations concerning the extracorporeal treatment of intoxications and discusses new developments in the field, such as the use of high-flux, high-efficiency membranes and albumin dialysis.
Timing of the Switch from Myometrial Contractures to Contractions in Late-Gestation Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys as Recorded by Myometrial Electromyogram during Spontaneous Term and Androstenedione-Induced Labor1 (1997)

Pregnant rhesus monkeys were studied to determine the precise time in relation to photoperiod of the onset, and the nature, of the switch in myometrial activity patterns from contractures to contractions. We investigated both spontaneous term labor and androstenedione-induced preterm labor. Under general anesthesia at 127 +/- 2 days gestation (dGA) (mean +/- SEM), 16 pregnant rhesus monkeys were instrumented with maternal femoral arterial and venous catheters and myometrial electromyogram electrodes. Eight animals (group I) received continuous i.v. infusion of intralipid (n = 7) or saline (n = 1) that was started at 143.3 +/- 2 dGA and maintained until the spontaneous onset of term labor. Nine animals (group II) received continuous i.v. infusion of androstenedione that was started at 139 +/- 0.4 dGA and maintained until the onset of prematurely induced labor. Myometrial activity was recorded continuously. All monkeys in both groups demonstrated nocturnal switches in myometrial activity from contractures to contractions. The mean time of onset of the switch in group I and group II monkeys was similar, occurring at 0.7 +/- 0.4 h or 0.8 +/- 0.5 h, respectively, after the onset of darkness. Group II monkeys demonstrated greater regularity in both the time of onset and the repetitive occurrence each night once the switch occurred, as well as greater consistency in duration in their switch patterns, than did group I monkeys.
BEITRäGE ZUR CHEMIE DER ACYLPHOSPHINE: üBER 1-ADAMANTYLACYL-, DI-1-ADAMANTYLACYL- UND 1-ADAMANTOYLPHOSPHINE. DARSTELLUNG UND EINIGE REAKTIONEN (1993)

Abstract Acylphosphines of the type (1-Ad)nP[C(:O)R]3-n, (n=1,2; Bu=1-Ad, Ph) were synthesized via the reaction of 1-AdPH2 or (1-Ad)2PH with the corresponding carboxylic acid chlorides/NEt3. The reaction of 1-AdPHz with phtaloyl dichloride/NEt3, led to the five-membered heterocycle 4. In the case of n=1, R=1-Ad the monosubstitution product 1-AdP(H)C(:O)(1-Ad) lb was also observed. 1-AdP(H)C(:O)Ph le was selectively formed when 1-AdPHz was allowed to react with PhC(O)CI/K,CO3 whereas the remaining PH-proton in le could be substituted by C(:O)′Bu in its reaction with ′BuC(:O)Cl/ NEt, to give 2d. The action of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride on 1-AdPHz or (I-Ad)2PH led to the trifluoroacetyl phosphines 2c and 3c. The reaction of 1-AdP[C(:O)′Bu]2 2a with aqueous H2O2 or elemental sulfur furnished the corresponding chalcogenides 5 and 6, with a large excess of methyl iodide [1-AdPMe1]1 7 was formed. The carbonyl complexes (L)M(CO), (L=2a; M=Ni, n=3: 8; M=Fe, n=4: 9) were obtained upon reaction of 2a with Ni(CO), and Fe2(CO)9, respectively. Tris-1-adamantoylphosphine 10 was formed as a by-product in the reaction of P(SiMe3)3 with 1-AdC(:O)Cl and was converted to the chalcogenides [(1-AdC(:O)],P(:X) (X=0: 13; X=S: 14).
Balloon embolization of latrogenic aortocoronary arteriovenous fistula (1990)

A detachable latex balloon was used to occlude an iatrogenic aortocoronary arterio-venous fistula. The aim of providing retrograde myocardial perfusion was not achieved to any significant degree because of rapid recruitment of collateral venous routes to the coronary sinus. This may have implications for the effectiveness of deliberate grafting of the coronary venous system with proximal venous ligation, as has been recommended when the coronary arterial system is small and diffusely diseased.
Safety and Tolerability of ACP-501, a Recombinant Human Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase, in a Phase 1 Single-Dose Escalation Study (2015)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01554800.
High-Throughput Deep Learning Microscopy Using Multi-Angle Super-Resolution (2020)

Biomedical applications such as pathology and hematology expect microscopes with high space-bandwidth product (SBP) which is difficult to achieve with conventional microscope setup. By applying a deep neural network, we demonstrate a high space-bandwidth product microscopic technique termed multi-angle super-resolution microscopy (MASRM) to achieve high-resolution imaging with the low-magnification objective. We design a multiple-branch deep residual network which extracts high-frequency information and color information in obliquely-illuminated low-resolution input images and generates high-resolution output. To train our network, we build a well-registered dataset in which both low-resolution input and high-resolution target are real captured images. We carry out detailed experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of MASRM and compare it with a computational imaging technique termed Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). This data-driven technique unleashes the potential of traditional microscopes with low cost and has broad prospects in biomedical applications.
Self-reported hearing loss, hearing aid use, and cognitive function among U.S. older adults (2022)

There has been increasing attention to the role of hearing loss as a potentially modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, more nationally-representative studies are needed to understand the co-occurring changes in hearing loss and cognitive function in older adults over time, and how hearing aid use might influence this association. The purpose of this report is to examine how age-related changes in hearing loss and hearing aid use are associated with trajectories of cognitive function in a nationally-representative sample of U.S. older adults. We used 11 waves of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 1998 to 2018 to examine changes in self-reported hearing loss, hearing aid use, and cognitive function in adults 65 and older by race and ethnicity. Results from mixed models showed that greater levels of hearing loss were associated with lower levels of cognitive function at age 65 in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic older adults. We also found that the associations diminished across age in White and Black individuals; but remained persistent in Hispanic individuals. The use of hearing aids was not associated with cognitive function in Black older adults but appeared protective for White and Hispanic older adults. Overall, the findings from this report suggest that the timely identification of hearing loss and subsequent acquisition of hearing aids may be important considerations for reducing declines in cognitive function that manifests differently in U.S. population subgroups.
Controlled electrochemical preparation of enzymatic layers for the design of amperometric biosensors (1993)

Abstract A newly synthesized pyrrole derivative was used for enzyme entrapment on carbon or platinum electrodes by electropolymerization. Three enzymes were tested: glucose oxidase (GOD), tyrosinase, and choline oxidase. Contrary to other techniques using electropolymerization in solution, a drop of enzyme‐monomer mixture was deposited and allowed to dry on the electrode surface before the electropolymerization. This procedure enables one to control the amount of entrapped enzyme and to easily obtain multilayer assemblies.
The Use of Model Data to Characterize Depth Profile Generation from Angle Resolved XPS (2005)

ARXPS provides a non‐destructive method for producing depth profiles from ultra‐thin films such as transistor gate dielectrics. The generation of depth profiles from ultra‐thin films using ARXPS is not a direct process but involves calculating the ARXPS response from trial depth profiles and comparing this with the experimental data. The trial profile is then adjusted to improve the fit. This process is continued until the optimum fit is achieved. The profiles to be presented in this paper have been generated by a combination of maximum entropy, a genetic algorithm and Powell optimization; these processes are explained. The purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of the profiles produced, specifically for silicon oxynitride layers. A model oxynitride layer on silicon structure has been constructed. From that model, simulated angle resolved XPS data have been generated. The simulated data were then used to generate the depth profile using the techniques described above. Using this method, it is possible to assess the depth resolution of the method without the presence of any uncertainties regarding the sample. The reproducibility of the method and the effect of user‐selected parameters can also be assessed.
Spatiotemporal Filtering and Noise Analysis for Regional GNSS Network in Antarctica Using Independent Component Analysis (2019)

The common mode error (CME) and optimal noise model are the two most important factors affecting the accuracy of time series in regional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks. Removing the CME and selecting the optimal noise model can effectively improve the accuracy of GNSS coordinate time series. The CME, a major source of error, is related to the spatiotemporal distribution; hence, its detrimental effects on time series can be effectively reduced through spatial filtering. Independent component analysis (ICA) is used to filter the time series recorded by 79 GPS stations in Antarctica from 2010 to 2018. After removing stations exhibiting strong local effects using their spatial responses, the filtering results of residual time series derived from principal component analysis (PCA) and ICA are compared and analyzed. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is then used to determine the optimal noise model of the GPS time series before and after ICA/PCA filtering. The results show that ICA is superior to PCA regarding both the filter results and the consistency of the optimal noise model. In terms of the filtering results, ICA can extract multisource error signals. After ICA filtering, the root mean square (RMS) values of the residual time series are reduced by 14.45%, 8.97%, and 13.27% in the east (E), north (N), and vertical (U) components, respectively, and the associated speed uncertainties are reduced by 13.50%, 8.06% and 11.82%, respectively. Furthermore, different GNSS time series in Antarctica have different optimal noise models with different noise characteristics in different components. The main noise models are the white noise plus flicker noise (WN+FN) and white noise plus power law noise (WN+PN) models. Additionally, the spectrum index of most PN is close to that of FN. Finally, there are more stations with consistent optimal noise models after ICA filtering than there are after PCA filtering.
Integrated Higher-Order Sliding Mode Guidance and Autopilot for Dual Control Missiles (2008)

An integrated autopilot and guidance algorithm, robust to target maneuvers and missile’s model uncertainties, is developed using higher-order sliding mode control for interceptors steered by a combination of aerodynamic lift, sustainer thrust, and center-of-gravity divert thrusters. A smooth higher-order sliding mode guidance that is robust to target maneuvers generates flight-path trajectory angular rates and attitude rate commands. The attitude rate missilemaneuvers are aimed at producing desired aerodynamic lift and/or orienting the sustainer thrust. The lateral acceleration created by themissile attitudemaneuver is treated as a cooperative disturbance andaccounted for by the trajectory control. Robust to themissile’smodel uncertainties, higher-order (second-order) slidingmode autopilot is designed based on a nonlinear dynamic slidingmanifold. The proposed integrated autopilot and guidance algorithm also includes seeker/tracker bore-sight stabilization and estimation of target lateral acceleration. The algorithm is tested using computer simulations against a ballistic maneuvering target.