gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Micromechanics Model of Particle-Reinforced Composites Taking Account of the Debonding Damage and Particle Size Effect (2008)

This paper deals with a micromechanics model of particle-reinforced composites which can describe debonding damage of particles-matrix interface, matrix plasticity and particle size effect on deformation and damage. The Tohgo-Chou-Weng's incremental damage theory of particle-reinforced composites based on the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method and Mori-Tanaka's mean field concept has been extended to consider the particle size effect by using the Nan-Clarke's simple method. The particle size effect on deformation is realized by introducing dislocation plasticity for stress-strain relation of in-situ matrix in composites, and the particle size effect on damage is described by a strain energy release rate criterion for particle-matrix interfacial debonding. Furthermore, for the composites containing particles of various sizes, the effect of a particle size distribution is incorporated into the model. Influence of the debonding damage and particle size on the stress-strain response of composites is discussed based on numerical results by the proposed model.
Biotechnology and the sea (1986)

Abstract The application of recent discoveries in genetic engineering to marine plants and animals offers enormous potential for harvesting more food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial compounds from the sea. Using biotechnology's ability to excise and replace genetic material selected for specific functions, such efforts would allow manifold increases in production of substances conventionally reliant on the capture of often rare marine species. This article reviews the status of marine biotechnology with particular attention to its current and prospective uses for medicine, industrial chemicals, pollution control, and aquaculture. It concludes with some observations about the relationship of marine biotechnology to broader economic, legal, and ethical concerns about genetic manipulation.
Multifocal Carcinoid Tumor of Small Intestine: A Rare Cause of Chronic Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Suspected on Capsule Endoscopy and Diagnosed on Double Balloon Enteroscopy (2011)

We reported a case of multifocal carcinoid tumor of small intestine causing chronic obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected on capsule endoscopy and diagnosed on double balloon enteroscopy.
On user effect compensation of MIMO terminals with adaptive impedance matching (2013)

Proximity of user has been established as a major cause of performance degradation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terminals. Here, we investigate the potential of adaptive impedance matching (AIM) to improve the performance of two MIMO terminals in a free space (FS) and a two-hand (TH) user scenario, assuming uniform 3D angular power spectrum for the incoming signal. The results show that lossless uncoupled AIM circuits can enhance the MIMO capacity of the terminals by up to 43% relative to standard 50 ohm terminations. In particular, the largest capacity gain is obtained in the terminal with good matching but narrower antenna bandwidth and worse isolation performance, for the TH scenario. On the other hand, the terminal with poorer matching but higher isolation and significantly larger bandwidth has lower average capacity in FS. However, it is more robust to user proximity, and hence it achieves only 8% capacity gain with AIM in the TH scenario. Therefore, antenna design parameters can significantly influence potential benefits of AIM in practice.
Theoretical Prediction of Residual Stress Produced by Shot Peening for Hardened Steel (2003)

Simplified theoretical formulae based on shot peening parameters and materials properties have been developed to predict the maximum of the compressive residual stress produced by shot peening for hardened steel. These formulae are based on the motion equation for a shot and the analytical model proposed by Li et al., who utilized Hertz theory of elastic contact and a simplified elasto-plastic theory. Two cases which deformation of shots was elastic or elasto-plastic at impact were treated. Experimental verifications were carried out under various shot peening conditions for a carburized specimen. Shots were made of cast steel (HV800, HV590 and HV450), fused zirconia and glass, each having three levels in diameter. Actual residual stress distributions were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The predicted maximum of the compressive residual stress by the proposed formulae agreed well with the experimental values in wide variety of shot peening conditions.
CDK4 and CDK6 Delay Senescence by Kinase-Dependent and p16INK4a-Independent Mechanisms (2007)

Replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) is largely implemented by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p16(INK4a) and p21(CIP1). Their accumulation results in a loss of CDK2 activity, and cells arrest with the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in its hypophosphorylated state. It has become standard practice to bypass the effects of p16(INK4a) by overexpressing CDK4 or a variant form that is unable to bind to INK4 proteins. Although CDK4 and CDK6 and their INK4-insensitive variants can extend the life span of HDFs, they also cause a substantial increase in the levels of endogenous p16(INK4a). Here we show that CDK4 and CDK6 can extend the life span of HDFs that have inactivating mutations in both alleles of INK4a or in which INK4a levels are repressed, indicating that overexpression of CDK4/6 is not equivalent to ablation of p16(INK4a). However, catalytically inactive versions of these kinases are unable to extend the replicative life span, suggesting that the impact of ectopic CDK4/6 depends on their ability to phosphorylate as yet unidentified substrates rather than to sequester CDK inhibitors. Since p16(INK4a) deficiency, CDK4 expression, and p53 or p21(CIP1) ablation have additive effects on replicative life span, our results underscore the idea that senescence is an integrated response to diverse signals.
Progress in first-in-human trial of Hsp90-targeted PET imaging in cancer patients (2013)

The results of this retrospective cohort study suggested that the semen quality and the chance of pregnancy in terms of IVF outcomes were comparable between the males with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls, although a decreased blastocyst formation rate and available blastocyst rate was observed in the exposed group, which needs to be reinforced by a multicenter long-term investigation with a larger sample size.
Fla. 7907C: A Fla. 7907 Near-isogenic Tomato Inbred Line Containing the Begomovirus Resistance Gene, Ty-1 (2017)

virus (TYLCV) resistance, fusarium wilt race 3, Fla. 8153, Tasti-Lee Fla. 7907C is a Begomovirus-resistant, fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) inbred breeding line that is nearly isogenic to Fla. 7907, a parent of 'Fla. 8153 The 'Fla. 8153' hybrid is currently grown and sold as a premium vine-ripe tomato under the Tasti-Lee brand name. However, the lack of Begomovirus resistance in 'Fla. 8153' can limit production in environments where these viruses are problematic. Of the many Begomoviruses that are vectored by the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), the strains that cause Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) are the most widespread and well known. Begomovirus resistance in Fla. 7907C is conferred by the Ty-1 gene, which was advanced using markerassisted selection through seven rounds of backcrossing to Fla. 7907B. This gene is widely used in hybrid tomato breeding because it is dominant and confers a high level of resistance to TYLCV. Fla. 7907C combines Begomovirus resistance with the original characteristics of Fla. 7907, and should be useful as a parent in the development of a Begomovirus-resistant version of 'Fla. 8153', and in other hybrid combinations.
Self-Healing Properties of Fibre Laser Petal-like Beams (2021)

Fibre lasers (FLs) are mainstream industrial laser sources for applications in material processing. The next industrial digital manufacturing era requires beam shaping capabilities to provide efficacy, energy efficiency, and new functionalities for advanced manufacturing [1] . Recently, we presented a robust kW-class FL with an adjustable beam profile offering improved material processing capability, as compared with standard Gaussian beams [2] . The output beam can be configured from a diffraction-limited Gaussian profile into higher M 2 petal-like shaped beams. Petal beams (PBs) are known as linearly polarized (LP mn ) modes supported by optical fibres [3] . A remarkable property of partially blocked petal beams is that they self-heal or self-reconstruct in the far field, after a certain propagation distance [4] . Beam self-healing is an exciting research topic and different approaches have been proposed to understand it [4] , [5] .
Cumyl Hydroperoxide (2013)

[80-15-9] C9H12O2 (MW 152.19) InChI = 1S/C9H12O2/c1-9(2,11-10)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,10H,1-2H3 InChIKey = YQHLDYVWEZKEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (oxidant useful for metal-catalyzed enantioselective epoxidation of allylic alcohols2 and enantioselective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides3) Alternate Names: cumene hydroperoxide. Physical Data: mp 44–45 °C; bp 100–101 °C/8 mmHg; d 1.030 g cm−3; flash point 56 °C. Solubility: sol most organic solvents; slightly sol H2O (15 g L−1). Form Supplied in: a colorless to light yellow solution consisting of 80% cumene hydroperoxide in cumene; widely available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: iodometric titration.4, 5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: cumyl hydroperoxide (CHP) is an unusually stable hydroperoxide which is resistant but still susceptible to induced explosive decomposition.6 Like most alkyl hydroperoxides, CHP should be stored cold (ca. 0 °C) in the absence of light in a container, such as a polyethylene bottle, that is unlikely to shatter if there is pressure build up. Exposing pure or concentrated solutions of CHP to heat, acid, reducing materials, and transition metal salts should be avoided. Upon completion of reactions involving CHP, steps should be taken to destroy any remaining reagent safely. This can usually be done by exposing the reaction mixture to a mild reducing agent such as aqueous sodium sulfite, methyl sulfide, or triphenylphosphine.
Should the Woodward–Hoffmann Rules be Applied to Mechanochemical Reactions? (2015)

Since decades, pericyclic reactions have been well-understood by means of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules and their classification as thermally or photochemically "allowed" or "forbidden". Recently, stunning results on such reactions subject to mechanochemical activation by external forces instead of heat or light have revealed reaction pathways at sufficiently large forces, which are not expected from the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. This led to the much reiterated idea that the "Woodward-Hoffmann rules are broken in mechanochemistry". Here, by studying ring-opening of cyclopropane, we show that the electronic structure underlying the dis- and conrotatory pathways, which are greatly distorted upon applying forces to an extent that eventually the "thermally forbidden" process becomes "mechanochemically allowed", does not change along both pathways. It is rather the mechanical work that lowers the activation barrier of the thermally forbidden conrotatory process relative to the disrotatory one at large forces.
Montana's Employment Protection: A Comparative Critique of Montana's Wrongful Discharge from Employment Act in Light of the United Kingdom's Unfair Dismissal Law (1996)

Montana's Employment Protection: A Comparative Critique of Montana's Wrongful Discharge from Employment Act in Light of the United Kingdom's Unfair Dismissal Law
Design of Sequential Elements for Low Power Clocking System (2010)

Power consumption is a major bottleneck of system performance and is listed as one of the top three challenges in International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor 2008. In practice, a large portion of the on chip power is consumed by the clock system which is made of the clock distribution network and flop-flops. In this paper, various design techniques for a low power clocking system are surveyed. Among them is an effective way to reduce capacity of the clock load by minimizing number of clocked transistors. To approach this, we propose a novel clocked pair shared flip-flop which reduces the number of local clocked transistors by approximately 40%. A 24% reduction of clock driving power is achieved. In addition, low swing and double edge clocking, can be easily incorporated into the new flip-flop to build clocking systems.
Molecular probes for detection of persisting enterovirus infection of human heart and their prognostic value (1991)

Enteroviruses are well recognized in the aetiology of myocarditis. Molecular hybridization using enterovirus group-specific probes shows that virus can be detected in endomyocardial biopsies and persists in myocardium after the inflammation heals. Virus persistence is associated with the subsequent development of dilated cardiomyopathy, progressing to end-stage disease requiring cardiac transplantation. Infectious virus cannot usually be isolated from myocardium nor can virus-specific antigens be detected after the initial inflammatory stage. Patients with healed myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy may have no histological evidence of inflammation despite detection of virus-specific RNA sequences by molecular hybridization. Persisting enterovirus RNA in dilated cardiomyopathy is the strongest known predictor of poor prognosis. The molecular mechanism of virus persistence is the selection of defective virus mutants during the initial phase of disease.
Vaccines against dengue: a review of current candidate vaccines at advanced development stages (2007)

Los esfuerzos sistematicos para desarrollar una vacuna contra el dengue comenzaron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, inspirados en el desarrollo exitoso de una vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla. Sin embargo, la falta de modelos adecuados de la enfermedad, la informacion incompleta acerca de los mecanismos patogenicos y los insuficientes incentivos economicos han dificultado los avances. Debido al impacto actual del dengue en todo el mundo y su explosiva diseminacion, ha aumentado el interes en el desarrollo de vacunas contra el dengue y se ha avanzado considerablemente en el camino hacia la evaluacion clinica de vacunas candidatas. La Iniciativa para la Investigacion en Vacunas, de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, esta facilitando el desarrollo de y los ensayos con las vacunas candidatas. Las vacunas contra el dengue que se encuentran actualmente en etapas avanzadas de desarrollo son de tres tipos fundamentales: 1) vivas atenuadas; 2) vivas recombinantes; y 3) de subunidades e inactivadas. La mayoria de las vacunas en cartera son vivas atenuadas, siguiendo el camino exitoso de otras vacunas vivas contra flavivirus, especialmente de la desarrollada contra la fiebre amarilla. En general, las vacunas contra el dengue que se encuentran actualmente en desarrollo estan bastante avanzadas y son muy diversas. Muy pronto comenzara la evaluacion de estas vacuna candidatas en ensayos de eficacia basados en poblaciones expuestas, lo que requerira resolver varios problemas tecnicos, operacionales y regulatorios.
Supplementary Table 1. Detected RTK alterations and MAP2K1 mutations in sequenced colorectal carcinomas. from Identification of Targetable Kinase Alterations in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma That are Preferentially Associated with Wild-Type RAS/RAF (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detected RTK alterations and MAP2K1 mutations in sequenced colorectal carcinomas.&lt;/p&gt;
10 MW/sub e/ Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant heliostat and beam characterization system evaluation, November 1981-December 1986 (1988)

Test and evaluation results for the heliostats and beam characterization system at the 10 MW/sub e/ Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant are described in this report. Southern California Edison operated and maintained the plant during the five years covered by this evaluation. Therefore, the results represent what can be expected from a large number of heliostats that are operated over a long period of time in a power plant environment. The heliostats and beam characterization system were evaluated for their ability to meet performance and survival requirements. Heliostat evaluation results are reported for mirror soiling rates, mirror corrosion, wind loads, availability, maintenance requirements, tracking accuracy, beam quality, component temperatures, and operating power requirements. The heliostat beam characterization system accuracy is given for the measurement of beam quality, heliostat tracking accuracy, and power in the reflected beam. The heliostat technical specifications and design description are provided, and a detailed design description of the beam characterization system is included. 41 refs.
Measuring and Understanding Throughput of Network Topologies (2014)

High throughput is of particular interest in data center and HPC networks. Although myriad network topologies have been proposed, a broad head-to-head comparison across topologies and across traffic patterns is absent, and the right way to compare worst-case throughput performance is a subtle problem. In this paper, we develop a framework to benchmark the throughput of network topologies, using a two-pronged approach. First, we study performance on a variety of synthetic and experimentally-measured traffic matrices (TMs). Second, we show how to measure worst-case throughput by generating a near-worst-case TM for any given topology. We apply the framework to study the performance of these TMs in a wide range of network topologies, revealing insights into the performance of topologies with scaling, robustness of performance across TMs, and the effect of scattered workload placement. Our evaluation code is freely available.
Intelligent control of flexible-joint manipulator based on singular perturbation (2010)

Intelligent control of space manipulator with flexible-link and flexible-joint is discussed based on the singular perturbation method. Owing to the combined effects of the link and joint flexibilities, the dynamic model of this kind of manipulator becomes more complex and leads to a series of unsolved control system. To simplify the design of the control system, singular perturbation method is used to obtain the two-time-scale simpler subsystem and a composite control method is designed to realize precise trajectory tracking and vibration suppression simultaneously for flexible-link/flexible-joint manipulator with payload. In the slow subsystem, a sliding-mode controller with RBFN is designed to decrease the influences of external disturbance and parameters uncertainties, in which the system stability and asymptotic trajectory tracking performance are guaranteed by Lyapunov function, while in the fast subsystem a linear-quadratic controller is designed to suppress the vibration. The performances of the discussed controller are illustrated by the simulation and experimental results.
Imaging through the atmosphere: practical instrumentation-based theory and verification of aerosol modulation transfer function (1993)

Recent experimental measurements of overall atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) indicate a significant difference between overall atmospheric and turbulence MTF’s except often at midday, when turbulence is strong. We suggest a physical explanation for these results that essentially relates to a practical instrumentation-based atmospheric aerosol MTF that is a modification of the classical aerosol MTF theory. Based on radiative transfer theory, this practical approach takes into account the effect of finite field of view, finite dynamic sensitivity, and finite spatial bandwidth of every existing imaging system. These generally limit the scattering angles of received light to values far less than the diffraction limit for aerosols, thereby decreasing blur radius and increasing spatial frequency bandwidth. This can explain the broadening of the aerosol MTF from that theoretically expected. We discuss the asymptote value that the measured aerosol MTF approaches at high spatial frequencies, which is significantly higher than the theoretical prediction of turbid medium transmittance. An important conclusion that we derive is that the aerosol MTF is often the dominant part in the actual overall atmospheric MTF. In addition, there seems to be an inescapable trade-off between image resolution and image irradiance. The system designer must choose between imaging of faint and bright objects at the expense of image quality or imaging of either faint or bright objects with improved image quality. The concepts here are basic to all long-range imaging through the atmosphere.
Unusual behaviour of some γ- and δ-lactones towards dichloromethylenation using tris(dimethylamino)phosphine–tetrachloromethane (1992)

Lactones derived from D-glucose, D-mannose and L-ascorbic acid reacted unexpectedly with tris(dimethylamino)phosphine–tetrachloromethane to give, respectively, dichloroalkene, anomeric vinyl chloride or acyl chloride; this behaviour supports an ionic mechanism for the alkenation.
Alloimmunization during pregnancy treated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (1995)

High dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment seems to act mainly on fetal red cell destruction rate, possibly by blocking Fc receptor mediated macrophage phagocytosis. We claim that the treatment can successfully be used to prevent further deterioration of fetal anemia in rhesus(D) immunizations if started before severe fetal anemia (hemoglobin concentration < 70 g/L, hematocrit < 23%) and imminent hydrops fetalis arises.
A Simple algorithm to monitor HR for real time treatment applications (2009)

As the demand for effective and reliable telecare systems increases rapidly over the last years, novel ideas applied on existing consumer products enables the development of innovative solutions that could enhance the user's wellbeing. In this research, we are going to demonstrate the potential of a system that enables users to monitor their own heart beat rate in real time and use specialised software for personal health coaching. In this paper we will explain and demonstrate how to extract heart beat rate information from a user using the camera of a commercially available mobile phone which will enable us to supply the users of the system with vital information and utilize interactive tools useful for personal health coaching. Our industrial partner Health Smart Limited have filed a patent [1] for this application, they retain the full intellectual property of this project.