gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New trends in the etiology, diagnosis, and management of laryngeal dysplasia (2001)

Laryngeal dysplasia is a premalignant condition of the larynx, and approximately 20 to 40% of patients with moderate to severe dysplasia develop invasive cancer. Tobacco and alcohol use have been implicated as etiologic factors in the development of laryngeal dysplasia, and recent studies suggest that laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) may contribute to its formation. In addition, it has recently been shown that dysplastic lesions originate from outgrowths of genetically altered cells, which then undergo progressive genetic alterations and show phenotypic evidence of malignancy. One difficulty in diagnosing laryngeal dysplasia is discriminating between normal and dysplastic tissue. The most common method for assessing dysplasia is microlaryngoscopic examination. However, recent methods, including fluorescent and autofluorescent imaging, may ultimately assist in the assessment of premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions. Surgical excision by vocal cord stripping or laser ablation is the traditional treatment for laryngeal dysplasia. However, this modality is associated with a disturbingly high rate of recurrence. Because surgical therapy is often inadequate in the management of laryngeal premalignancy, a number of investigators have evaluated the role of chemo-preventive approaches for managing dysplastic laryngeal lesions. A recent report by our group has shown that a combination of 13-cis-retinoic acid, interferon-α, and α-tocopherol can be effective in reversing the clinical and pathologic manifestations of premalignant lesions. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether these agents can reverse the genetic abnormalities underlying the development of laryngeal premalignancy. Thus, chemopreventive agents, which are more effective and less toxic, are currently in development and will be required in the future.
[Sex steroids. Effects on the carbohydrate metabolism before and after menopause]. (1993)

The action of female sex steroids on carbohydrate metabolism has clearly been demonstrated by numerous clinical and experimental studies. A beneficial effect of 17 beta oestradiol has been reported on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, inducing an improvement of glucose tolerance through an increase of glucose clearance by liver, muscle and adipose tissues. Progesterone has, to a lesser degree, the same stimulant effect on insulin secretion and improves glucose assimilation by the liver, although a relative insulin resistance is observed in the other two tissues. Menopausal hormonal privation does not significantly alter glucose tolerance in the absence of such predisposition factors as overweight or history of gestational or familial diabetes mellitus. The first trials of menopausal substitution with oral synthetic oestrogens, especially in doses of more than 50 micrograms per day, were responsible for the bad reputation of oestroprogestins due to their effects on metabolic parameters. As shown by prescription for contraceptive use, replacement therapy with oral synthetic oestrogens induces a diabetogenic tendency as well as hypertensive, dyslipidaemic and thrombogenic risks, especially when associated with progestins issued from nortestosterone. Reducing the oestrogen doses, using equine sulfoconjugates and selecting non-androgenic progestins has already minimized these deleterious effects. The present availability of oral or percutaneous natural 17 beta oestradiol and of norpregnanes calls for reconsideration of the glucidic risk due to oestroprogestin prescription. A few studies have already shown that in fact they can improve glucose tolerance. The recommended substitution of menopause to prevent atherosclerosis must lead to a better characterization of its glycaemic and insulinaemic effects.
Abstract LB-107: Targeting the glycolytic pathway as an effective therapeutic approach for triple-negative breast cancer (2010)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and HER-2-negative phenotype. TNBC often exhibits poor prognosis due in part to their resistance to therapeutic agents. Thus, development of novel therapeutic approaches and effective agents are urgently needed to improve the clinical outcomes of this disease. In our recent study of metabolic alterations in cancer cells, we observed a striking metabolic pattern in TNBC cells manifested by lower mitochondrial respiration and elevated glycolysis. Using the extracellular flux analyzer XF24, we compared 4 TNBC cell lines (BT-20, MDA-231, MDA-468, MDA-436) with other subtypes of breast cancer cells (BT-474, MCF7, T47D, ZR-751) for their oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as an indicator of mitochondrial respiration and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) as an indication of lactic acid production from glycolysis. All TNBC cell lines consistently exhibited lower OCAR and higher ECAR. These metabolic alterations were further confirmed using several conventional biochemical analyses including Clark-type electrode detection of oxygen consumption, [3H]-glucose uptake, and direct lactate measurement. In triple-positive breast cancer cells (BT474), blockage of ER-signaling by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-HOT), progestin signaling by RU486, or the HER-2 pathway by herceptin caused a moderate decrease in mitochondrial respiration when each inhibitor was used alone. Simultaneous inhibition of the three receptors by a combination of 4-HOT, RU486 and herceptin significantly down-regulated mitochondrial respiration (40%), suggesting a possible cross-talk among the three pathways in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Western blot and mitochondrial functional analyses revealed that TNBC cells had altered expression of certain respiratory chain components and corresponding defect in the respiratory complex activity. Based on these novel observations, we further tested the hypothesis that TNBC cells might be more dependent on glycolysis for ATP generation and thus more vulnerable to glycolytic inhibitors. Indeed, our results demonstrated that TNBC cells were significantly more sensitive to the glycolytic inhibitors 3-bromopyruvate and 2-deoxyglucose than other breast cancer subtypes. Inhibition of glycolysis caused a massive cell death in TNBC cells, as evidenced by positive annexin-V staining and loss of membrane potential. Our study suggest that TNBC cells have profound metabolic alterations characterized by decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolysis, and that glycolytic inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to effective kill the drug-resistant TNBC cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-107.
Impact of grazing management on botanical diversity of grasslands (2005)

Grazing is a natural process affecting the composition and structure of plant communities and is widely considered to be an essential nature conservation tool. However, our understanding of the interrelations between grazing by large herbivores and biodiversity is relatively poor. Nature conservation imperatives, to control succession, for example, mean that practice has moved ahead of the science knowledge base on grazing. This gap now needs to be bridged. Improving our understanding of and ability to predict consequences of manipulating grazing pressure, duration, type and/or mix of large herbivore on biodiversity outcomes are particular issues that we are addressing.
Experimental research for the protective effect of Naoxingtong-containing serum on rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (2005)

The protective effect of Naoxingtong (NXT) on rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (rCMEC) was investigated. rCMEC was injured in vitro by incubating for 4 hours at 100% NO in a hypoxia chamber. After treated with NXT-containing serum, the cellular viability rate (90.3%) was significantly elevated when compared with that of control group and the inhibitive rate of lactic dehydrogenase activity (9.2%) was far lower than the control group with dose-dependent effect. The results indicate that NXT can increase viability of rCMEC, and protect cell membrane from injury during hypoxia.
Accuracy of Implanted Port Placement with the use of the Electromagnetic CathTrack® catheter locator system (2005)

The CathTrack electromagnetic locator system can be used to reliably position catheters for the establishment of long-term central venous access. Decreased cost and elimination of radiation exposure are distinct advantages of this system over fluoroscopy.
Microscopy analysis of Zika virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells (2020)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that recently emerged in the Americas as an important pathogen mainly because of its expanded pathogenesis, and elevated tropism for neuronal cells, transposition across the placental barrier, and replication in reproductive tract cells. Thus, transmission modes are eventually independent of an invertebrate vector, which is an atypical behavior for the flavivirus genus and indicates the need to study the replication of this virus in different cell types. Although ZIKV became a target for public health programs, the interaction of this flavivirus with the infected cell is still poorly understood. Herein, we analyzed the main stages of virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells, from establishment of the viroplasm-like zone to viral release from infected cells, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. In addition, we compared this with other host cell types and other members of the Flaviviridae family that present a similar dynamic.
Toward Effective Synergetic Effects from Graphene Nanoplatelets and Carbon Nanotubes on Thermal Conductivity of Ultrahigh Volume Fraction Nanocarbon Epoxy Composites (2012)

Utilizing synergetic effects of different fillers is an important strategy to design and develop high-performance nanocomposites. However, owing to the well-known problems such as dispersion, solution viscosity control, and so on, synergetic enhancement effects are usually offset by the defects induced by fillers in highly loaded nanocomposites. In this work, remarkable synergetic efficiency was realized in graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) highly loaded epoxy composites through a well-designed fabrication method. Dramatic thermal conductivity enhancement was observed in the epoxy composites with 10–50 vol% nanocarbon filler due to synergetic effects. For example, the composite with 20 vol% CNTs and 20 vol% GNPs possess a thermal conductivity up to 6.31 W/mK. This is even much higher than that of the composites with individual 50 vol % CNTs or 50 vol% GNPs. A maximum thermal conductivity 7.30 W/mK was obtained, which is 38-fold of that of the pure epoxy resin. Thermal transport channels in the composites were thoroughly analyzed, and the mechanism of high synergetic effects achieved in thermal conductivity enhancement was discussed from the viewpoints of intrinsic properties, dispersion, contact, and matrix interaction of the fillers.
Mechanisms for the Insertion of Toxic, Fibril-like β-Amyloid Oligomers into the Membrane (2012)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers destabilize cellular ionic homeostasis, mediating Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is still unclear whether the mechanism (i) is mediated by cell surface receptors; (ii) is direct, with Aβ oligomers interacting with membrane lipids; or (iii) both mechanisms take place. Recent studies indicate that Aβ oligomers may act by either of the last two. Little is known about the oligomers' structures and how they spontaneously insert into the membrane. Using explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that fibril-like Aβ(17-42) (p3) oligomer is capable of penetrating the membrane. Insertion is similar to that observed for protegrin-1 (PG-1), a cytolytic β-sheet-rich antimicrobial peptide (AMP). Both Aβ and PG-1 favor the amphipathic interface of the lipid bilayer in the early stage of interaction with the membrane. U-shaped Aβ oligomers are observed in solution and in the membrane, suggesting that the preformed seeds can be shared by amyloid fibrils in the growth phase and membrane toxicity. Here we provide sequential events in possible Aβ oligomer membrane-insertion pathways. We speculate that for the U-shaped motif, a trimer is the minimal oligomer size to insert effectively. We propose that monomers and dimers may insert in (apparently on-pathway) aggregation-intermediate β-hairpin state, and may (or may not) convert to a U-shape in the bilayer. Together with earlier observations, our results point to a non-specific, broadly heterogeneous landscape of membrane-inserting oligomer conformations, pathways, and membrane-mediated toxicity of β-rich oligomers.
Helicobacter pylori 1988–1998 (1999)

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology: January 1999 - Volume 11 - Issue 1 - p 13-16
Tearing down the walls between O.R. and S.P.D. (2004)

The focus of this article is the relationship between the Operating Room (O.R.) and the Sterile Processing Department (S.P.D.). The goal is to help readers gain insights into the driving forces which impact on both departments and to help them establish realistic expectations for improving the performance and quality of this relationship. It is important to discuss ways to solve conflict and enhance teamwork between the O.R. and S.P.D. Both departments need to establish a common understanding and ensure that everyone "talks the same language" and "tears down the walls" between them. For the purpose of this article the short form of S.P.D. will be used for Sterile Processing Department (sometimes known as Central Processing), the department where instrument processing takes place and the distribution center for the entire hospital's supplies.
Serotoninergic Receptor Ligands Improve Tamoxifen Effectiveness on Breast Cancer Cells (2021)

Abstract Background: The tightly regulated pattern of serotonin (or 5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in mammary gland becomes dysregulated in cancer, also contributing to proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Antagonists of serotonin receptors or inhibitors of serotonin reuptake/synthesis may be co-prescribed with Tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive (ER + ) tumors, and may modulate its efficacy. Thus, the discovery of novel compounds targeting serotonin signaling may contribute to tailor new therapeutic strategies usable in combination with endocrine therapies. We have previously synthesized serotoninergic receptor ligands (SER) with high affinity and selectivity towards 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptors, the main mediators of mitogenic effect of serotonin in breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the effect of 10 SER on viability of MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB231 BC cells and focused on their potential ability to affect Tamoxifen responsiveness in ER + cells. Methods: Cell viability has been assessed by sulforhodamine B assay. Cell cycle has been analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene expression of 5-HT receptors and Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) has been checked by RT-PCR; CTGF mRNA levels have been measured by qPCR. All data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7. Results: We found that SER were more effective on MCF7 ER + cells (IC 50 range 10.2µM - 99.2µM) compared to SKBR3 (IC 50 range 43.3µM - 260µM) and MDA-MB231 BC cells (IC 50 range 91.3µM - 306µM). Next, we provided evidence that two ligands, SER79 and SER68, improved the effectiveness of Tamoxifen treatment in MCF7 BC cells and modulated the expression of CTGF . Moreover, in a cell model of Tamoxifen-resistance, SER79 and SER68 restored drug responsiveness and reduced CTGF levels. Conclusions: These results identified new compounds potentially usable in combination with Tamoxifen to improve its effectiveness on ER + BC patients.
Printed copper connections on flexible substrates (2019)

This paper presents our first results on printed copper connections on flexible organic substrates obtained in a single-step process. Many progresses have been made in the field of conducting inks and printing systems and potential applications are within reach. Nowadays the most common conducting inks involve silver nanoparticles. However this solution presents some drawbacks like the high cost of these inks due to the base metal and to the synthesis and also their tendency to clog nozzles in industrial inkjet printheads. For these reasons we have started a program on copper inks for the formation of conducting, homogeneous and adherent connections on polyethylene terephthalate films in view of applications in the field of flexible electronics. The main challenge is to print copper patterns on PET with an industrial process that would present a high time to readiness level. Multiple technical obstacles are addressed: i)- The ink needs to be nanoparticle free: we have chosen a metal organic decomposition ink (MOD) where copper salts are combined with ligands and additives, ii) it must be compatible with an inkjet system in terms of viscosity, rheology and iii) the printed copper must be conducting and adherent. This means that reduction of copper ions must be achieved using a post-printing treatment harmless to the substrate. Intense Pulsed Light was chosen. Printed patterns were characterized by various means: macroscopic electrical behaviour by 4 probe measurements, microscopic electrical behaviour by conducting probe Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Morphological and chemical analyses were also performed. It is shown that in optimised conditions good conductivity can be achieved. Much work is still needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and realize electronics circuits.
Crystal structure of archaeal ketopantoate reductase complexed with coenzyme a and 2‐oxopantoate provides structural insights into feedback regulation (2016)

Coenzyme A (CoA) plays essential roles in a variety of metabolic pathways in all three domains of life. The biosynthesis pathway of CoA is strictly regulated by feedback inhibition. In bacteria and eukaryotes, pantothenate kinase is the target of feedback inhibition by CoA. Recent biochemical studies have identified ketopantoate reductase (KPR), which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of 2-oxopantoate to pantoate, as a target of the feedback inhibition by CoA in archaea. However, the mechanism for recognition of CoA by KPR is still unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of KPR from Thermococcus kodakarensis in complex with CoA and 2-oxopantoate. CoA occupies the binding site of NAD(P)H, explaining the competitive inhibition by CoA. Our structure reveals a disulfide bond between CoA and Cys84 that indicates an irreversible inhibition upon binding of CoA. The structure also suggests the cooperative binding of CoA and 2-oxopantoate that triggers a conformational closure and seems to facilitate the disulfide bond formation. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism that regulates biosynthesis of CoA in archaea.
Bismuth Toxicity Masquerading as Alzheimer's Dementia (1998)

A 76-year old white married female had rapid onset dementia with myoclonus and was admitted to an HMO hospital where she was initially diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease. The physician- husband suggested that the condition might be due to the Pepto-Bismol which she had taken chronically to control her irritable bowel syndrome. An elevated serum bismuth level of 242 &mgr;g/L (normal is 5 &mgr;g/L) established bismuth toxicity as the cause of the dementia. With treatment the patient returned to a normal mental state. The possibility of bismuth encephalopathy needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of possible Alzheimer's dementia.
Lossless DCR current sensing for multi-winding coupled inductors (2008)

Lossless DCR current sensing is common in multiphase point of load converters. A multiphase buck with coupled inductors exhibits a larger steady state inductance than transient inductance. Since there are two distinct values of inductance, it unclear which value to use in the conventional DCR sensing scheme. A first assumption might be to use the transient inductance, so that closed loop stability is not compromised. The current slew will be measured accurately, but the measured ripple magnitude will be incorrect. Accurate measurements of both the ripple and the current slew of coupled inductors cannot be produced using conventional DCR sensing. This paper proposes a new DCR sensing scheme that resolves the inaccuracies of conventional sensing.
ZIF-C as non-viral delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 mediated hTERT knockdown in cancer cells (2021)

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein coded by the hTERT gene, plays an important role in cellular immortalization and carcinogenesis. hTERT is a suitable target for cancer therapeutics as its activity is highly upregulated in 85-90% of cancer cells but absent in normal somatic cells. Here, we target the hTERT gene at the DNA level by applying the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology encapsulated in a recently discovered Metal-Organic Framework (MOF). We show that the MOF subtype ‘ZIF-C’ can efficiently load the hTERT targeting CRISPR system (CrhTERT@ZIF-C) and protect it from enzymatic degradation. The CrhTERT@ZIF-C is endocytosed by cancer cells and successfully disrupts the hTERT gene. The resultant inhibition of hTERT decreases cellular proliferation and causes apoptotic cancer cell death. Furthermore, hTERT knockdown shows a significant reduction in tumor metastasis and alters protein expression. Thus, our results conclusively establish ZIF-C based targeting of hTERT as a highly promising and novel approach for gene therapy in cancer.
Etching of Polymeric Surfaces: A Review (1977)

Abstract The selective etching of polymeric surfaces has been of considerable interest to many polymer scientists and engineers. Some prime concerns of selective etching have been to increase the roughness of polymeric surfaces, change the surface chemical constitution, degrade or dissolve low molecular weights which migrate to the surface, and relieve residual surface stresses. Every polymeric surface, thermoplastic or thermoset, amorphous or crystalline, has, to some extent, different morphology from the bulk. Etching can considerably change the morphology and chemical properties of polymeric surfaces. An important commercial example is the etching of polymers prior to the subsequent metal plating [35, 74]. The adhesion and durability of the metal plate are greatly influenced by the condition of the polymeric surface. The increased surface area gives rise to a larger density of sites for the subsequent metal deposition. In many cases the chemical reactivity of etched surfaces is also increased upon etching. By etching, some polymeric surfaces can be converted from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, thus considerably facilitating the application of surface finishes.
The North American species of Triploechus Edwards (1975)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.