gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a radiopaque denture base material (1971)

Abstract Radiopaque glass‐resin composites were made for evaluation as denture base materials. The addition of silane‐treated, radiopaque, powdered glass to clear poly(methyl methacrylate) resulted in composites that had greater optical translucency than commercially available pink denture base resins. These formulations could be pigmented and opacified to produce materials that simulated oral soft tissues in color and translucency. Other composites were made using various monomer, polymer and glass combinations. Those made from mixes of BIS–GMA, methyl methacrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), and radiopaque glass had excellent translucency but handling characteristics were less than ideal. Removal of very small glass particles (less than a few μm) appeared to improve optical translucency. A radiographic survey of 12 specimens that contained from 29 to 57% of the radiopaque glass, indicated that all had sufficient radiopacity to aid in localization of swallowed or aspirated dentures made from such materials. Finishing procedures on composite specimens were more difficult and timeconsuming and did not produce surfaces as smooth as those obtained on poly(methyl methacrylate). The finished surfaces felt smooth to the tongue but might stain more easily in the mouth.
Mechanistic Study of the Role of Primary Amines in Precursor Conversions to Semiconductor Nanocrystals at Low Temperature (2014)

Abstract Primary alkyl amines (RNH 2 ) have been empirically used to engineer various colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). Here, we present a general mechanism in which the amine acts as a hydrogen/proton donor in the precursor conversion to nanocrystals at low temperature, which was assisted by the presence of a secondary phosphine. Our findings introduce the strategy of using a secondary phosphine together with a primary amine as new routes to prepare high‐quality NCs at low reaction temperatures but with high particle yields and reproducibility and thus, potentially, low production costs.
Why don’t we know more about the minds of authentic people? (2021)

Abstract By definition, authentic people presumably do not fall prey to the self‐evaluation biases which pervade human social cognition yet a close look at the existing literature suggests this presumption is ill‐founded. For example, only a few studies have examined whether people feel more authentic when they make decisions which express their true selves in the face of social pressure. In contrast to theories of authenticity, studies find that feelings of authenticity are either unrelated or unexpectedly decreased in relation to decisions which draw on the true self. Furthermore, behavioral and neural research do not consistently find that feelings of authenticity arise in the absence of self‐serving biases. We propose that we know a lot less about the thoughts of an authentic person than is widely believed and some of the core assumptions may be wrong. We posit specific methodological considerations and research questions which need to be addressed before it will be possible to conclude whether core assumptions about social cognition and authenticity have robust empirical support (or need to be revised). A research program which illuminates the relation between social cognition and authenticity will be helpful for understanding the manner in which a person's thoughts contribute to the experience of authenticity and its benefits.
Analysis of the reconstructed images of light-in-flight recording by holographic microscopy when recording condition is changed (2021)

We investigated reconstructed images of light-in-flight recording by holographic microscopy when recording conditions are changed. As the conditions, we focused on incident angle of the reference light pulse and that of the object light pulse.
Polymorphisms of the Human NRAMP1 Gene are Associated With Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer (2006)

These data suggest the implication of the NRAMP1 gene in bladder cancer recurrence and response to BCG immunotherapy.
Postfire response of North American boreal forest net primary productivity analyzed with satellite observations (2003)

Abstract Fire is a major disturbance in the boreal forest, and has been shown to release significant amounts of carbon (C) to the atmosphere through combustion. However, less is known about the effects on ecosystems following fire, which include reduced productivity and changes in decomposition in the decade immediately following the disturbance. In this study, we assessed the impact of fire on net primary productivity (NPP) in the North American boreal forest using a 17‐year record of satellite NDVI observations at 8‐ km spatial resolution together with a light‐use efficiency model. We identified 61 fire scars in the satellite observations using digitized fire burn perimeters from a database of large fires. We studied the postfire response of NPP by analyzing the most impacted pixel within each burned area. NPP decreased in the year following the fire by 60–260 g C m −2 yr −1 (30–80%). By comparing pre‐ and postfire observations, we estimated a mean NPP recovery period for boreal forests of about 9 years, with substantial variability among fires. We incorporated this behavior into a carbon cycle model simulation to demonstrate these effects on net ecosystem production. The disturbance resulted in a release of C to the atmosphere during the first 8 years, followed by a small, but long‐lived, sink lasting 150 years. Postfire net emissions were three times as large as from a model run without changing NPP. However, only small differences in the C cycle occurred between runs after 8 years due to the rapid recovery of NPP. We conclude by discussing the effects of fire on the long‐term continental trends in satellite NDVI observed across boreal North America during the 1980s and 1990s.
Utilizing broadband wavelength-division multiplexing capabilities of hollow-core fiber for quantum communications (2022)

One of the major challenges in the deployment of quantum communications (QC) over solid-core silica optical fiber is the performance degradation due to the optical noise generated with co-propagating classical optical signals. To reduce the impact of the optical noise, research teams are turning to new and novel architectures of solid-core and hollow-core optical fiber. We studied the impact when co-propagating a single-photon level (850 nm) and two classical optical signals (940 nm and 1550 nm) while utilizing a nested antiresonant nodeless fiber (NANF) with two low-loss windows. The 940 nm signal was shown to impact the single-photon measurement due to the silicon detector technology implemented; however, multiplexing techniques and filtering could reduce the impact. The 1550 nm signal was shown to have no detrimental impact. The results highlight that both high bandwidth optical traffic at 1550 nm and a QC channel at 850 nm could co-propagate without degradation to the QC channel.
PARAESTHESIAS ARE ELICITED BY SINGLE PULSE, MAGNETIC COIL STIMULATION OF MOTOR CORTEX IN SUSCEPTIBLE HUMANS (1991)

A minority of normal humans experience paraesthesias (usually tingling) projected to the contralateral hand in response to individual transcranial magnetic coil (MC) pulses. The cortical source of the paraesthesias was sought by comparing their incidence with that of muscle responses to focal MC stimulation with either a figure 8 MC or with edge stimulation of a tilted round MC in 4 susceptible subjects. In all 4, paraesthesias were best felt with MC stimulation either at, or anterior to sites yielding movement, implying an initial source in precentral gyrus (and possible premotor cortex), rather than parietal cortex. In the two subjects exhibiting the strongest paraesthesias, the threshold for the paraesthesias was less than that for movement in the relaxed arm. The optimal site of the paraesthesias within the hand was usually in the digits, but differed among subjects. Motor responses and paraesthesias following a given stimulus occurred at different sites in the hand, implying that excitation of differing sets of motor cortical neurons subserved sensory and motor responses. In only one subject were the paraesthesias sufficiently reproducible to warrant interacting electrical digital and transcranial MC pulses. The data suggested that central processing of the response to the MC pulse is slowed by an antecedent digital stimulus, but the delay for perception of each type of stimulus does not greatly differ. The central sense of movement (Amassian et al., 1989a) elicited by MC stimulation of motor cortex is compared with the paraesthesias. Both are attributed to brief, high frequency discharge by motor cortical neurons accessing the perceptual system more readily than after excitation of post-central gyrus, which requires prolonged repetitive stimulation (Libet et al., 1964). Given also the normal pattern of muscle responses in the 4 subjects, their paraesthesias are best explained by a heightened sensitivity of the perceptual system to the motor cortical response to MC stimulation.
PRAM: a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments (2020)

Publicly available RNA-seq data is routinely used for retrospective analysis to elucidate new biology. Novel transcript discovery enabled by joint analysis of large collections of RNA-seq data sets has emerged as one such analysis. Current methods for transcript discovery rely on a '2-Step' approach where the first step encompasses building transcripts from individual data sets, followed by the second step that merges predicted transcripts across data sets. To increase the power of transcript discovery from large collections of RNA-seq data sets, we developed a novel '1-Step' approach named Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models (PRAM) that builds transcript models from pooled RNA-seq data sets. We demonstrate in a computational benchmark that 1-Step outperforms 2-Step approaches in predicting overall transcript structures and individual splice junctions, while performing competitively in detecting exonic nucleotides. Applying PRAM to 30 human ENCODE RNA-seq data sets identified unannotated transcripts with epigenetic and RAMPAGE signatures similar to those of recently annotated transcripts. In a case study, we discovered and experimentally validated new transcripts through the application of PRAM to mouse hematopoietic RNA-seq data sets. We uncovered new transcripts that share a differential expression pattern with a neighboring gene <i>Pik3cg</i> implicated in human hematopoietic phenotypes, and we provided evidence for the conservation of this relationship in human. PRAM is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package.
Genomic characterization of Nocardia seriolae strains isolated from diseased fish (2018)

Members of the genus Nocardia are widespread in diverse environments; a wide range of Nocardia species are known to cause nocardiosis in several animals, including cat, dog, fish, and humans. Of the pathogenic Nocardia species, N. seriolae is known to cause disease in cultured fish, resulting in major economic loss. We isolated two N. seriolae strains, CK-14008 and EM15050, from diseased fish and sequenced their genomes using the PacBio sequencing platform. To identify their genomic features, we compared their genomes with those of other Nocardia species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that N. seriolae shares a common ancestor with a putative human pathogenic Nocardia species. Moreover, N. seriolae strains were phylogenetically divided into four clusters according to host fish families. Through genome comparison, we observed that the putative pathogenic Nocardia strains had additional genes for iron acquisition. Dozens of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the genomes of N. seriolae strains; most of the antibiotics were involved in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of proteins or cell walls. Our results demonstrated the virulence features and antibiotic resistance of fish pathogenic N. seriolae strains at the genomic level. These results may be useful to develop strategies for the prevention of fish nocardiosis.
Costly misunderstandings – measuring and assessing a global workforce to improve performance (2012)

Purpose – The article seeks to look at the risks that companies face if employees are not competent and to discuss how different assessment methodologies can be applied to improve employee competence, performance and reduce risks. The article aims to show that employee misunderstandings can be incredibly expensive and need to be reduced. The paper aims to cite research from analyst IDC which estimates that UK businesses lose £18.7 billion a year as a result of employee misunderstandings.
Qos concept for scalable MPEG-4 video object decoding on multimedia (NoC) chips (2006)

Scalable implementations of multimedia applications offer increased flexibility in mapping those applications onto the executing platform used in a consumer product. In this paper, we describe a hierarchical quality-of-service (QoS) model for managing multimedia applications running on a multiprocessor systems-on-chip (SoC). First, we present the possible scalability of an MPEG-4 arbitrary-shaped video decoder with respect to computational and communicational resources. Second, we provide a novel model for QoS management based on the principles of predictable mapping and run-time information on the resource utilization. We demonstrate the QoS framework by mapping of an MPEG-4 arbitrary-shaped decoder on a NoC, employing eight ARM cores with specific monitoring features in the network (e.g. Ethereal NoC). The scalable implementation results in lowering the computational requirements by 26% and communication by 43%. Experiments revealed that the combination results in more than 85% decoded frames of higher quality than in a QoS approach based on the predictable mapping only
Design of a new multiplex PCR assay for rice pathogenic bacteria detection and its application to infer disease incidence and detect co-infection in rice fields in Burkina Faso (2020)

Crop diseases are responsible for considerable yield losses worldwide and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. To implement efficient disease control measures, detection of the pathogens and understanding pathogen spatio-temporal dynamics is crucial and requires the use of molecular detection tools, especially to distinguish different pathogens causing more or less similar symptoms. We report here the design a new molecular diagnostic tool able to simultaneously detect five bacterial taxa causing important diseases on rice in Africa: (1) Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, (2) Xanthomonas oryzae, (3) Burkholderia glumae and Burkholderia gladioli, (4) Sphingomonas and (5) Pantoea species. This new detection tool consists of a multiplex PCR, which is cost effective and easily applicable. Validation of the method is presented through its application on a global collection of bacterial strains. Moreover, sensitivity assessment for the detection of all five bacteria is reported to be at 0.5 ng DNA by μl. As a proof of concept, we applied the new molecular detection method to a set of 256 rice leaves collected from 16 fields in two irrigated areas in western Burkina Faso. Our results show high levels of Sphingomonas spp. (up to 100% of tested samples in one field), with significant variation in the incidence between the two sampled sites. Xanthomonas oryzae incidence levels were mostly congruent with bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom observations in the field. Low levels of Pantoea spp. were found while none of the 256 analysed samples was positive for Burkholderia or Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. Finally, many samples (up to 37.5% in one studied field) were positive for more than one bacterium (co-infection). Documenting co-infection levels are important because of their drastic consequences on epidemiology, evolution of pathogen populations and yield losses. The newly designed multiplex PCR for multiple bacterial pathogens of rice is a significant improvement for disease monitoring in the field, thus contributing to efficient disease control and food safety.
A small peptide mimetic of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor promotes peripheral myelination (2013)

The expression of the neurotrophins and their receptors is essential for peripheral nervous system development and myelination. We have previously demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts contrasting influences upon Schwann cell myelination in vitro - promoting myelination via neuronally expressed p75NTR, but inhibiting myelination via neuronally expressed TrkB. We have generated a small peptide called cyclo-dPAKKR that structurally mimics the region of BDNF that binds p75NTR. Here, we have investigated whether utilizing cyclo-dPAKKR to selectively target p75NTR is an approach that could exert a unified promyelinating response. Like BDNF, cyclo-dPAKKR promoted myelination of nerve growth factor-dependent neurons in vitro, an effect dependent on the neuronal expression of p75NTR. Importantly, cyclo-dPAKKR also significantly promoted the myelination of tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B-expressing neurons in vitro, whereas BDNF exerted a significant inhibitory effect. This indicated that while BDNF exerted a contrasting influence upon the myelination of distinct subsets of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro, cyclo-dPAKKR uniformly promoted their myelination. Local injection of cyclo-dPAKKR adjacent to the developing sciatic nerve in vivo significantly enhanced myelin protein expression and significantly increased the number of myelinated axons. These results demonstrate that cyclo-dPAKKR promotes peripheral myelination in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it is a strategy worthy of further investigation for the treatment of peripheral demyelinating diseases.
Discovery of a Potent, Non-peptide Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonist (2003)

Bradykinin (BK) plays an important role in the pathophysiological processes accompanying pain and inflammation. Selective bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists have been shown to be anti-nociceptive in animal models and could be novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain and inflammation. We have explored chemical modifications in a series of dihydroquinoxalinone sulfonamides to evaluate the effects of various structural changes on biological activity. The optimization of a screening lead compound, facilitated by a homology model of the BK B1 receptor, culminated in the discovery of a potent human BK B1 receptor antagonist. Results from site-directed mutagenesis studies and experiments in an animal pain model are presented.
Role of JNK-Dependent Serine Phosphorylation of Paxillin in Migration of Corneal Epithelial Cells during Wound Closure (2008)

JNK regulates HCE cell migration by modulating the phosphorylation of paxillin and the consequent formation of focal adhesions. A JNK-paxillin signaling pathway may thus play an important role in corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo.
Developmental regulation of granulocytic cell binding to hemonectin (1990)

Hemonectin (HN), a component of the bone marrow (BM) extracellular matrix which promotes adhesion of cells in the granulocytic lineage, was purified to near homogeneity and tested for its ability to mediate attachment of normal and leukemic cells of granulocytic lineage. Purified HN immobilized on plastic substrates promoted serum-free attachment of normal granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFC-GM), using an in situ attachment assay in which cell attachment is inhibited by specific polyclonal antisera. When unfractionated BM cells were allowed to attach to purified HN and stained in situ, HN preferentially bound cells at earlier stages of granulocytic differentiation. These observations were confirmed using cells of the HL-60 progranulocytic cell line which mirrored this differentiation-stage specific binding to HN. HN promoted attachment of 60% of uninduced HL-60 cells which were arrested at the progranulocyte stage, whereas only 15% of uninduced HL-60 cells attached to uncoated plastic and 4% to attached plastic coated with equal microgram quantities of bovine serum albumin (BSA). When HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate along the granulocytic pathway by incubation with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), attachment to hemonectin was reduced. Thus, both primary BM granulocytic cells and a granulocytic cell line show preferential attachment of those cells at earlier stages of differentiation. This developmentally regulated binding suggests a mechanism for release of maturing BM into the peripheral circulation.
Asymmetric cache coherency: Improving multicore performance for non-uniform workloads (2011)

Asymmetric coherency is a new concept to support non-uniform workloads in multicore processors. We present the theory behind asymmetric coherency policies and show our design requires no additional hardware over an existing system. Asymmetric coherency is designed to provide better performance for asymmetry in a workload and this is applicable to SoC multicores where the applications often are not evenly spread among the processors. The low cost and complexity makes it a desirable new coherency policy for future work. Our results show up to a 60% reduction in coherency costs for unshared data and up to a 174% improvement in memory access time for shared data.
Behavior-aware probabilistic routing for wireless body area sensor networks (2013)

Recent advances in wireless communication and electronic manufacture have enabled a variety of sensors to be used for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), which can provide real-time body monitoring and feedback for enabling patient diagnostics procedure, rehabilitation, sports training and interactive performance. However, existing single-hop wireless communication scheme faces several major challenges: rapid growth of channel conflicts as more sensors added, impermeability of human body to radio waves and highly dynamic network topology due to human movements. In this paper, a prototype of multi-hop WBAN has been built to quantify the channel conflict and to characterise the network connectivity during human motions. A probability based routing protocol fusing inertial sensor data and history link quality is then developed, which aims at capturing the high spatio-temporal change of network topology on the selection of a reliable relay node in WBAN routing. The performance of the protocol is experimentally evaluated on our prototype system. Compared with a number of existing routings, the proposed scheme is more splendid in terms of average delivery ratio, number of hops and end-to-end delay.