gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of barriers on charge transport across HgCdTe heterojunctions (1990)

This paper is a discussion of the influence of heterojunction barriers on minority-carrier hole transport in wide band gap p+ on narrow gap n HgxCd1-xTe diodes that are illuminated from the n side. We have simulated detectors with 10.5 μm cut off wavelengths at 80 K by numerically solving the coupled transport and continuity equations for electrons and holes with Poisson’s equation. Parameters in the modeling include the composition of the p+ cap layer, the composition grading width, the doping of the base layer, temperature, and detector bias. The modeling predicts that the ratio of the quantum efficiency in a device with a barrier height of 2kT to that of a detector with no barrier is 0.95, while a 4.5kT barrier gives a value of 0.5. The model calculations have been qualitatively confirmed by experimental measurements of x=0.42/0.22 and 0.30/0.22 heterojunctions in which the doping in the low band gap n layer was varied to adjust the height of the heterojunction barrier.
Preparing Protein Microarrays by Soft-Landing of Mass-Selected Ions (2003)

Intact, multiply protonated proteins of particular mass and charge were selected from ionized protein mixtures and gently landed at different positions on a surface to form a microarray. An array of cytochrome c, lysozyme, insulin, and apomyoglobin was generated, and the deposited proteins showed electrospray ionization mass spectra that matched those of the authentic compounds. Deposited lysozyme and trypsin retained their biological activity. Multiply charged ions of protein kinase A catalytic subunit and hexokinase were also soft-landed into glycerol-based liquid surfaces. These soft-landed kinases phosphorylated LRRASLG oligopeptide and D-fructose, respectively.
Tall fescue germplasm response to freezing temperatures (2020)

Abstract Tall fescue [ Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] is a perennial cool‐season grass in which improved freeze tolerance could result in greater winterhardiness and persistence. Our objective was to evaluate survival and freeze‐tolerance thresholds of ‘Flecha’ summer‐dormant (SD) and ‘Texoma Max QII’ summer‐active (SA) tall fescue at seedling (1–2 leaves) and tillered (5–6 leaves) growth stages using controlled environment freezing chambers. Target temperatures ranged from 0 to −9 °C (seedlings) and 0 to −12 °C (tillered plants). Predicted lethal temperature at which 50% mortality occurs (LT 50 ) was −5.7 and −5.5 °C for SA and SD seedlings, respectively, and −6.0 and −5.7 °C for SA and SD tillered plants, respectively. Based on these results, a controlled temperature chamber appears to be a useful tool for plant breeders when evaluating survival and freeze tolerance of SA and SD tall fescue germplasm at seedling and tillered growth stages.
Live streaming system for omnidirectional video (2015)

NTT Media Intelligence Laboratories and DWANGO Co., Ltd. have jointly developed a virtual reality system that enables users to have an immersive experience visiting a remote site. This system makes it possible for users to watch video content wherever they want to watch it by using interactive streaming technology that selectively streams the user's watching section at a high bitrate in a limited network bandwidth. Applying this technology to omnidirectional video allows users to experience feelings of presence through the use of an intuitive head mount display. The system has also been released on a commercial platform and successfully streamed a real-time event. A demonstration is planned in which the details of the system and the streaming service results obtained with it will be presented.
Effects of heat treatment and storage temperature on the use of açaí drink by nutraceutical and beverage industries (2012)

This study assesses the storage temperature effect on the anthocyanins of pasteurized and unpasteurized açaí pulp. The data was obtained using a pasteurized and lyophilized pulp (PLP) to evaluate the temperature effect (0, 25, and 40 °C). Part of non-pasteurized frozen pulp (NPP) was pasteurized (NPP-P) at 90 °C for 30 seconds; both pulps were stored at 40 °C. The anthocyanin content reduction in the drink was evaluated from the half-life time (t1/2), activation energy (Ea), temperature quotient (Q10), and the reaction rate constant (k). The t1/2 of the PLP anthocyanins stored at 40 °C was 1.8 times less than that stored at 25 °C and 15 times less than that stored at 0 °C; therefore, the higher temperatures decreased the stability of anthocyanins. The pasteurization increased the t1/2 by 6.6 times (10.14 hours for NPP and 67.28 hours for NPP-P). The anthocyanin degradation on NPP-P followed a first order kinetic, while NPP followed a second order kinetic; thus it can be said that the pasteurization process can improve the preservation of anthocyanins in the pulp.
Quench propagation modeling in a High Temperature Superconducting coil (2018)

International audience
Improvement in the Reproducibility and Accuracy of DNA Microarray Quantification by Optimizing Hybridization Conditions (2006)

The results from the optimized hybridization and washing conditions greatly improved the reproducibility and accuracy of expression ratios. These experiments also suggested the importance of probe designs using better bioinformatics approaches and the need for common reference RNA samples for platform performance evaluation in order to fulfill the potential of DNA microarray technology.
Point Cloud Noise and Outlier Removal for Image-Based 3D Reconstruction (2016)

Point sets generated by image-based 3D reconstruction techniques are often much noisier than those obtained using active techniques like laser scanning. Therefore, they pose greater challenges to the subsequent surface reconstruction (meshing) stage. We present a simple and effective method for removing noise and outliers from such point sets. Our algorithm uses the input images and corresponding depth maps to remove pixels which are geometrically or photometrically inconsistent with the colored surface implied by the input. This allows standard surface reconstruction methods (such as Poisson surface reconstruction) to perform less smoothing and thus achieve higher quality surfaces with more features. Our algorithm is efficient, easy to implement, and robust to varying amounts of noise. We demonstrate the benefits of our algorithm in combination with a variety of state-of-the-art depth and surface reconstruction methods.
Empirical Study on Maximum Traffic Throughputs at Intersections (2019)

Traffic congestion in big cities of Thailand has been a major problem seriously deterring economy growth. An average travel speed has become lower than 15 km/hour during peak-hour periods. One of the current major questions is how to find the most optimum green time that minimizes vehicle delay at an intersection. Since the identification of this optimum green time significantly depends on the knowledge of how fast vehicles can pass through an intersection, the information of the maximum traffic throughputs at intersections at different locations is indispensable. In this study, therefore, traffic counts were extracted manually from the videos recorded at 4 major intersections in Saensuk city. After the data were analyzed, the maximum traffic throughputs for different lane numbers and configurations were calculated and summarized. A better understanding of this maximum traffic throughput at intersections will lead to more accurate estimation of optimal green time.
Fourth Brachymetatarsia Treated with Distraction Osteogenesis (2003)

Although distraction osteogenesis is an effective method to address fourth brachymetatarsia, stiffness or subluxation of the MTP joint was not uncommon. To avoid complications that can happen as a result of excessive lengthening, careful preoperative radiographic measurement to calculate the optimal amount of lengthening may help us to avoid overlengthening and the complications that accompany it.
THE ANTICOAGULANT AND ANTILYMPHOMA PROPERTIES OF ARSENIC AZOPROTEINS (1964)

Experiments given in this paper have shown that 4-arsonophenylazoproteins possess marked anticoagulant activity both in vivo and in vitro. Mice and rabbits given moderate amounts of the arsenic azoprotein, for example, often bled to death from injuries that proved trivial in control animals, and their blood remained liquid during many hours' postmortem even when left in contact with transected tissues, fibrinolysis having no part in the outcome. So, too, the addition of minute amounts of 4-arsonophenylazoprotein to plasma procured from citrated rabbit or human blood greatly prolonged the time required for clotting after recalcification. Other arsenic-containing compounds,-for example, those in which arsenic See PDF for Structure was joined to amino acids or peptides through the azo linkage, or to proteins through couplings other than the azo linkage,-were largely devoid of anticoagulant and antilymphoma effects. The findings as a whole show clearly that the structural requirements for anticoagulant and antilymphoma effects are: (a) possession of negatively charged arsonic or arsinoso groups, (b) large molecular size (protein), and (c) linkage of arsenic-containing groups to protein through the azo bond. Two acidic azoproteins that were devoid of arsenic,-namely 4-carboxyphenylazoprotein and 4-sulfonophenylazoprotein,-were also found to have marked anticoagulant effects in vitro, but they had no inhibitory action against cells of Lymphoma 6C3HED in vivo, even when they were given to mice in maximum tolerated amounts. The essential part played by arsenic in the antilymphoma activity of arsenic azoproteins was further emphasized by the action of dimercaprol (BAL) in preventing the antilymphoma effects of 4-arsonophenylazoprotein on Lymphoma 6C3HED cells in vivo. In an associated paper the anticoagulant and antilymphoma effects of 4-arsonophenylazoproteins are studied further, and consideration is given to the ways in which these effects may be brought about.
Efficient Total Synthesis of 5‐Methoxypsoralen. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alfvén's critical ionization velocity observed in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges (2012)

Azimuthally rotating dense plasma structures, spokes, have recently been detected in several high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) devices used for thin film deposition and surface treatment, and are thought to be important for plasma buildup, energizing of electrons, as well as cross-B transport of charged particles. In this work, the drift velocities of these spokes are shown to be strongly correlated with the critical ionization velocity, CIV, proposed by Alfvén. It is proposed as the most promising approach in combining the CIV and HiPIMS research fields is to focus on the role of spokes in the process of electron energization.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A 6-nm ultra-photostable DNA FluoroCube for fluorescence imaging. (2020)

Photobleaching limits extended imaging of fluorescent biological samples. We developed DNA-based 'FluoroCubes' that are similar in size to the green fluorescent protein, have single-point attachment to proteins, have a ~54-fold higher photobleaching lifetime and emit ~43-fold more photons than single organic dyes. We demonstrate that DNA FluoroCubes provide outstanding tools for single-molecule imaging, allowing the tracking of single motor proteins for >800 steps with nanometer precision. PMID: 32203385 Funding information This work was supported by: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R35 GM118106 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM097312
Reactivity of molecules containing element-element bonds. Part 3. Reduction of halo-organometallics of antimony(III) and bismuth(III); crystal and molecular structure of CoCp2[SbPh2Cl2] (1991)

Tetraphenyldibismuthine has been prepared by reducing BiPh2I with bis(cyclopentadienyl)-cobalt(II), CoCp2, the former being produced in situ in THF solution from BiPh3 and BiI3 (2:1 molar ratio) or from BiPh3 and I2; also, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II), CoCp2*, reduces BiPh2Cl to Bi2Ph4 in THF solution. The bismuth(III) bromides Bi(p-tolyl)2Br or BiMe2Br have been reduced by CoCp2 to the corresponding dibismuthines, Bi2(p-tolyl)4 or Bi2Me4. Reduction by CoCp2 of the chloro derivatives of bismuth(III) and antimony(III), EPh2Cl produces E2Ph4 and the ionic CoCp2[EPh2Cl2] complexes as by-products. The crystal and molecular structure of the antimony derivative CoCp2[SbPh2Cl2] was solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P2(1), a = 8.856(3), b = 16.245(5), c = 7.770(3) angstrom, beta = 109.67(5)-degrees, Z = 2, R = 0.0396. Similar to Bi2Ph4, Sb2Ph4 undergoes reactions across the element-element bond with p-benzoquinone and diazomethane to the corresponding insertion products (Ph2Sb)2O2C6H4 and (Ph2Sb)2CH2, respectively.
Block-based temporal error concealment for video packet using motion vector extrapolation (2003)

When transmitted over error prone networks, the compressed video can suffer severe degradation. One approach to combat the error effect is the concealment technique. A novel temporal concealment method is proposed. The technique first extrapolates motion vectors of macroblock (MB) to the corrupted frame. Then, the overlapped areas between the damaged block and the motion extrapolation MBs are estimated, and the best estimation motion vector is obtained. Finally, the corrupted block is concealed with the block in the previous frame. This method overcomes the disadvantages of incorrect MB displacement, and decreases the computational complexity compared with the methods based on pixels. Simulation results, with one entire frame lost or interlace group of blocks (GOBs) lost and an H.263+ codec, show satisfactory concealment performance of the proposed technique and the suitability for real-time video packet applications.
Gap Energies, Exciton Binding Energies and Band Offsets in Ternary ZnMgSe Compounds and ZnSe/ZnMgSe Heterostructures (1997)

Measurements of optical and photoelectron spectra are presented to determine the band offsets of ZnSe/Zn1—xMgxSe heterostructures. The samples are grown on GaAs(001) by MBE and investigated by absorption, photoreflection, photoluminescence, photoluminescence-excitation and photoelectron spectroscopy using a synchrotron light source. In the visible spectra discrete excitonic states are observed at the Eo and E0 + Δ0 gap up to a composition of x ≤ 0.36. The optical transitions of ZnSe/Zn1—xMgxSe single quantum wells are fitted to a model. It contains the conduction band offset as the only free parameter, which is then determined by a least-squares fit of the data. Photoelectron spectra (UPS) are measured on ZnSe which was in situ deposited on MgSe in several monolayer thickness. The valence band edges of ZnSe and MgSe are simultaneously observable and thus a direct determination of the valence band offset was possible. The values of the band offsets from the two different methods agree reasonably well within the errors of the measurements. Different from other systems ZnSe/Zn1—xMgxSe does not fulfil the common anion rule, which may be due to the filled d-shell of Zn which is lacking in Mg.
Comparative in vitro Evaluation of Several Colloidal Systems, Nanoparticles, Nanocapsules, and Nanoemulsions, as Ocular Drug Carriers (1996)

Three different colloidal carriers, namely, nanoparticles and nanocapsules made of poly-epsilon-caprolactone and submicron emulsions, were designed, and their capacity for increasing the comeal penetration of drugs was investigated. The three systems differed in their inner structure and composition, but they had a similar size (200-250 nm) and a negative superficial charge (-16 to -42 mV). Indomethacin, which was used as a model drug, was dispersed at a molecular level within the colloidal systems, no chemical interaction between the polymer and the drug being detected. Release of the encapsulated indomethacin occurred very rapidly upon high dilution in a buffered medium and was independent of the composition of the system. The in vitro comeal penetration of the encapsulated indomethacin was more than 3-fold that of the commercial eye drops. This increased penetration was similar for the three formulations investigated, which therefore excludes the influence of the inner structure or chemical composition of the colloidal systems on the comeal penetration of indomethacin. Thus, it could be stated that the main factor responsible for the favorable comeal transport of indomethacin is the colloidal nature of these carriers rather than their inner structure or composition.
Vacuum analysis and design for the MFTF-B Tandem Magnetic Fusion Experiment (1980)

Three vacuum vessels comprise the vacuum envelope of MFTF-B. The design specifications are given for each. (MOW)
Synthesis of 9-Oxo-9,13b-dihydro-7H-benzo[3,4]azepino[2,1-a]isoindole-6-carboxylic Acid Derivatives from Baylis-Hillman Adducts (2005)

Recently we have reported the synthesis of various kinds of heterocyclic compounds starting from the Baylis-Hillman adducts. As a continuing effort we intended to examine the synthesis of 9-oxo-9,13b-dihydro-7H-benzo[3,4]azepino[2,1-a]isoindole-6-carboxylic acid derivatives 4 and 2-(7oxo-7,11b-dihydro-5H-isoindolo[1,2-a]isoindol-5-yl)propionic acid derivatives 6 as shown in Scheme 1. Suitably substituted isoindolobenzazepines and related compounds have been prepared and studied deeply due to their interesting biological activities and due to the abundance of the skeleton in natural products. Most of the reported synthetic methods used N-acyliminium ion
Quality Assessment ofMycobacterium tuberculosisGenotyping in a Large Laboratory Network (2002)

Quality assessment exercises were conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of IS6110 DNA fingerprinting performed by eight laboratories in the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network. Three panels, each with 8 to 16 isolates, were typed at all laboratories, resulting in 280 images. When the pattern obtained by the majority for each isolate was used as the standard, exact matches were obtained for 73% of patterns; 90% and 97% of patterns matched within one- and two-band differences, respectively. A second approach involved retyping of randomly selected isolates at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retyping was done for 8-19 isolates per laboratory (76 total). Paired images matched exactly for 54% of isolates and within one and two band differences, 78% and 93%, respectively. We evaluated reasons for mismatching. We also evaluated the reproducibility of spoligotyping using a test panel of 13 isolates; a discrepancy of 1 in 91 results was noted.
Half-Time Image Reconstruction in Photoacoustic Tomography (2017)

The objective of photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is to produce an image that represents a map of the spatially variant electromagnetic absorption properties of the tissue, from knowledge of the measured acoustic signals. This chapter establishes that half-time reconstruction approaches for PAT permit explicit control of statistically complementary information that can result in the optimal reduction of reconstructed image variances. It shows that half-time reconstruction approaches can mitigate certain image artifacts due to heterogeneous acoustic properties of an object. Reconstructed images and numerical results are produced from simulated and experimental two-dimensional (2D) PAT measurement data to demonstrate these effects. The chapter reviews a conventional imaging model for PAT. It describes computer-simulation studies of 2D PAT employing a circular measurement aperture to investigate and compare the full-time and half-time reconstruction approaches. Half-time reconstruction methods permit accurate image reconstruction from knowledge of only half of the detected pressure signal at each location on a closed measurement aperture.
Screening for lipase activity in the oil palm (2000)

The oil palm mesocarp contains an endogenous lipase which is strongly activated at low temperature. Lipase activity is thus very conveniently assayed by prior exposure of the fruits to low temperature. More than 100 oil palm samples from the germplasm collection of the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (now known as the Malaysian Palm Oil Board) were screened for nonesterified fatty acid activity using both the lowtemperature activation assay and a radioactivity assay. The results showed good correlation between assay procedures. The different samples had a very wide range of lipase activity. Elaeis oleifera samples had significantly lower lipase activity compared with E. guineensis (var. tenera) samples. Even within E. guineensis (var. tenera), there was a wide range of activity. The results confirmed that lipase activity is genotype-dependent. Selection for lipase genotypes is thus possible and this will have obvious commercial value.
Induced pancreatic inflammation is controlled in mice by extrapancreatic insulin expression and CD8 T cells limiting autoimmune attack (BA14P.209) (2014)

Abstract Type 1 diabetes can be induced by virus expressing SIINFEKL in Rat Isulin Promoter (RIP)-OVA transgenic mice harboring adoptively transferred naïve antigen-specific OT1 T cells. By titrating the number of transferred OT-1 cells, disease outcome can be manipulated. Mice receiving high numbers of OT-1 cells develop autoimmunity and rapidly succumb to disease. Mice receiving limiting numbers develop hyperglycemia transiently and then over 10 days recover glucose homeostasis. Recovered mice exhibit restored normal resting blood sugar levels and are able to regulate glucose during a stress test. Histological examination of the pancreas showed extensive pancreatic destruction with no or very few remaining insulin-positive islets. Using RIP-OVA mice expressing luciferase under the mouse insulin promoter, pancreatic insulin promoter activity was extinguished, while liver expression increased in recovered animals, suggesting an ectopic source of insulin can support glucose homeostasis in mice with extensively damaged islets. Pancreatic infiltrates during peak inflammation contained host-derived CD8 T cells in addition to the infiltrating OT-1 cells. These host CD8 T cells were absent in CD8 deficient RIP-OVA mice, and diabetes occurred with fewer transferred OT-1 cells and was quickly fatal. Reconstitution of the CD8 compartment protected these animals. These findings indicate the importance of host CD8 T cells in limiting autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of islets.
Computer vision-based detection model for passenger flows inside urban rail transit stations (2023)

The study of short-term passenger flow of rail transit is based on the passenger flow data, usually taking the station as the smallest unit and can only grasp the passenger flow law between stations macroscopically. In order to study the microscopic passenger flow law in different scenes within the station, it is necessary to obtain the passenger flow sequence of the corresponding scene. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end refined short-term passenger flow identification model based on computer vision named PAX-Detect. The structure of the model are as follows: 1). Take pictures of the scene in the station and manually mark the passenger's head; 2). Using annotated datasets to train the YOLOv5 algorithm and pruning optimization;3). YOLOv5 and Deep SORT algorithm are used to detect and track passengers in the video, and the statistical results of the number of passengers are output in real-time. The experiment is carried out on the video data of the escalator entrance of a subway station in Beijing. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the real-time statistical algorithm for passenger numbers reaches 99.4% in the test scenario. The proposed model can identify the microscopic passenger flow in the scene of the rail transit station in real-time and has a certain application prospect.