gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VEGF Protects Against Oxidized LDL Toxicity to Endothelial Cells by an Intracellular Glutathione-Dependent Mechanism Through the KDR Receptor (2001)

Although the accumulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been observed in human atherosclerotic lesions, the exact role of this growth factor in atherogenesis remains unknown. We hypothesized that VEGF in the vascular wall might have a preventive effect on endothelial cell damage during atherosclerosis. To test our hypothesis, we examined whether VEGF protects against the toxicity of oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in cultured endothelial cells derived from bovine aortas (BAECs). Preincubation of BAECs with VEGF prevented Ox-LDL-induced toxicity in a preincubation time- and VEGF concentration-dependent manner. Addition of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, did not reverse the protective effect of VEGF on Ox-LDL toxicity. Incubation of BAECs with VEGF increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a time-dependent manner. Combined addition of VEGF and L-buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, reversed both GSH levels and the protective effect of VEGF on Ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Placenta growth factor, which ligates to the VEGF Flt-1 receptor but not KDR/Flk-1, failed to prevent Ox-LDL toxicity and had no effect on intracellular GSH levels. An anti-KDR antibody completely blocked these beneficial activities of VEGF. These results suggest that VEGF prevents Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage via an intracellular GSH-dependent mechanism through the KDR/Flk-1 receptor.
Electromagnetic modeling of massively coupled through silicon vias for 3D interconnects (2011)

Abstract This article presents a full‐wave electromagnetic approach for analyzing the electrical performance of massively coupled through silicon vias (TSV). The TSVs are modeled with SiO 2 insulation coating and are placed in the sandwiched SiO 2 ‐Si‐SiO 2 substrate. The planar guided wave is analyzed to determine the fundamental mode and high order modes in stratified media. Cylindrical wave expansions and Foldy–Lax equations for multiple scattering techniques are adapted to the TSV problems. The effect of SiO 2 coating around the via is modeled by the general expression of T ‐matrix coefficients. Both dispersive silicon loss and copper loss are included in this approach. Numerical simulation of a 4‐by‐4 TSV array is demonstrated to show the signal performance and crosstalk. It shows that the coupling issues among the TSVs will become significant beyond 15 GHz. The results are in excellent agreement with general purpose field solver. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1204–1206, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26021
Generalized barycentric coordinates and applications (2015)

This paper surveys the construction, properties, and applications of generalized barycentric coordinates on polygons and polyhedra. Applications include: surface mesh parametrization in geometric modelling; image, curve, and surface deformation in computer graphics; and polygonal and polyhedral finite element methods.
7 Machbarkeit und Ohnmacht in der Medizin (2019)

Parallel zum Anstieg von Arbeitsdichte, Schnelligkeit und Komplexität der Arbeitswelt nimmt die Anzahl psychischer Belastungsstörungen zu. Systemisch betrachtet unterliegen Wirtschaftswelt und Gesellschaft einem gemeinsamen Paradigma, aus dem nicht nur das Verhaltensmuster Stress entsteht, sondern auch die Überbeanspruchung allgemeiner Ressourcen. Aber wie kommt es, dass ein derart schädliches Phänomen im Unternehmensalltag immer noch so wenig hinterfragt wird?
High performance CNT point emitter with graphene interfacial layer (2014)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have great potential in the development of high-power electron beam sources. However, for such a high-performance electronic device, the electric and thermal contact problem between the metal and CNTs must be improved. Here, we report graphene as an interfacial layer between the metal and CNTs to improve the interfacial contact. The interfacial graphene layer results in a dramatic decrease of the electrical contact resistance by an order of 2 and an increase of the interfacial thermal conductivity by 16%. Such a high improvement in the electrical and thermal interface leads to superior field emission performance with a very low turn-on field of 1.49 V μm(-1) at 10 μA cm(-2) and a threshold field of 2.00 V μm(-1) at 10 mA cm(-2), as well as the maximum current of 16 mA (current density of 2300 A cm(-2)).
Evaluation of Bacterial Polysaccharide Immune Globulin for the Treatment or Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Pneumococcal Disease (1992)

A human hyperimmune globulin termed bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) has been prepared from plasma donors immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines. At a dose of 0.5 ml/kg, BPIG increased levels of antibody to Hib by greater than 0.15 microgram/ml within 4-6 h and by 2-4 micrograms/ml at 72 h. Thereafter, antibody declined, with a mean half-life of 27 days. BPIG treatment of Apache infants did not impair their active antibody responses to concurrently administered diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or Hib oligosaccharide-diptheria CRM197 conjugate vaccines. In high-risk Apache infants, BPIG given at 2, 6, and 10 months of age provided significant protection from invasive Hib infection during infancy. Thus, BPIG may have utility in the prevention of Hib infections in high-risk patients who cannot be immunized adequately with Hib conjugate vaccines.
Azoxybenzene (2016)

[495-48-7] C12H10N2O (MW 198.22) InChI = 1S/C12H10N2O/c15-14(12-9-5-2-6-10-12)13-11-7-3-1-4-8-11/h1-10H/b14-13- InChIKey = GAUZCKBSTZFWCT-YPKPFQOOSA-N (preparation of azobenzene derivatives; preparation of 3-acyl-2-phenylindazole derivatives) Alternate Names: diazene, 1,2-diphenyl-, 1-oxide; azobenzene, oxide; azoxybenzide; Fenazox. Physical Data: mp 33−36 C° (experimental); bp 130 °C (0.9 mm); density 1.1590 g cm−3 (26 °C). Solubility: soluble in methanol. Form Supplied in: commercially available as a pure solid. Preparative Method: prepared by the reduction of nitrobenzene in methanolic NaOH.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Store at 0−10 °C.
PSX-11 Climatic conditions associated with feed and water intake and body weight of feedlot water buffaloes. (2018)

Climatic data were used to evaluate their correlation with feed and water intake and body weight of 188 feedlot water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis; male; 13 ± 1 mo of age; 314 ± 117 kg BW). These data were recorded in consecutive two years from August to December (Winter and Spring seasons; 120 days) by a weather station located in the experimental feedlot (22º49’07’S lat and 48º24’29’W long; at 497m above sea level; average annual temperature of 22ºC). Wet bulb (WB) temperature (ºC), dry bulb (DB) temperature (ºC), black globe (BG) temperature (ºC), relative humidity (RH; decimal form), wind speed (WS; m/s), radiation (RA; MJ/m2), and precipitation data (PRC; mm) were recorded. Animals (n=71 and 117 for years 1 and 2, respectively) were allocated in three pens (25 to 39 animals/pen; 17 to 27 m2/animal) equipped with artificial shade, automatic feeding stations and water trough, and scales for body weighing (Intergado, MG, Brazil). The herd had ad libitum access to TMR (70:30, corn silage:concentrate) and water. Total herd dry matter intake (THDMI), individual dry matter intake (DMI), total herd water intake (THWI), individual water intake (WI), average BW were recorded daily. Data were analyzed using the CORR procedure (SAS) with the use of the PARTIAL command to control the effects of year and number of animals. No correlations (P>0.05) were detected between radiation and precipitation with THDMI and DMI. The correlations (P≤0.05) are showed in Table 1. Although considered as a weak correlation, the wind speed showed a negative correlation with the intake data. The results suggest that water buffaloes present a better intake and performance when an increase of temperature and decrease of wind speed occur. Thus, feed and water intake and body weight of water buffaloes finished in feedlot are correlated with climatic data under tropical conditions of Brazil.
A Primer on the Taxation of Executive Deferred Compensation Plans, 35 J. Marshall L. Rev. 487 (2002) (2002)

The Enron scandal has piqued Congress' interest regarding the particulars of executive deferred compensation plans. While Enron's rank-and-file employees, participating in the company's qualified profit sharing plan, watched their life savings plummet in value as the company stock collapsed, Enron executives were selling off their company stock, receiving bonuses, and making withdrawals from their executive compensation plans. With respect to these executive deferred compensation plans, how could these insider Enron executives withdraw massive amounts of deferred compensation in advance of their company's bankruptcy, draining the employer's assets from its creditors? What were the provisions of these executive compensation plans? Were the particulars of these plans readily available to Enron's shareholders and employees, and to the public at large? The answers to these questions were not readily available when Congress inquired, which obviously caused even greater concerns. A variety of legislative proposals have been discussed ranging from to tax law changes. The author was asked to testify before the Senate Finance committee in April 2002 on the tax aspects of executive deferred compensation plans, inquiring how such plans are designed to avoid current taxation for its participants. By late June 2002, the Democrats in Congress initiated new corporate governance legislation that proposed to alter the taxation of executive * Kathryn J. Kennedy is an associate professor of law at The John Marshall Law School, specializing in tax and employee benefits law. She is the director of the graduate tax law program and the graduate employee benefits program. Special thanks to my research assistants Christopher Condeluci, Cynthia Hubbard, and Kyle Murray for their excellent assistance. The John Marshall Law Review compensation plans, but only for those plans funded with employer stock. While the Enron executives clearly held company stock that was sold in advance of the company's bankruptcy, it is not clear whether their executive deferred compensation plans used employer stock as the basis for payment. The Senate Finance Committee proposed legislation in mid-July, tightening the tax rules applicable to executive compensation plans in an effort to prevent future Enron-type scandals. This article is a by-product of the oral and written testimony provided by the author to the Senate Finance Committee in April. It is intended to summarize the existing tax rules applicable to these plans and to recommend whether tax legislation post-Enron is warranted or appropriate. Certainly initiatives should be encouraged as a result of Enron; however, the author questions relying on the federal tax code to cure Enron's woes is the best avenue.
BIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF PRE-EXISTING PROSTATE CANCER IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (2004)

O89* Aims: Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PCA) is the most common non-cutaneous malignant tumor in men as 30%-50% of 50-year-old men harbor microscopic adenocarcinoma, moreover, it is the second leading cause of cancer death of men in the Western world. Recent application of PSA testing has led to an increase in diagnosis of PCA in the general population. As a result, patients with history of PCA are being encountered with increasing frequency as transplant candidates. Finally the biological behavior of PCA in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of SOTR with pre-existing PCA. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all SOTR with history of pre-transplant PCA was performed. The tumors were staged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria. Data were analyzed for therapy modality at initial diagnosis, tumor staging at initial diagnosis and wait interval between therapy and transplantation. Outcomes were evaluated with respect to recurrence rates and cancer related deaths. Chi square was used to determine statistically significant differences. Results: 90 males with pre-existing, treated PCA were identified. Transplant recipients included 77 renal, 10 heart and 3 liver transplants (Txp). Mean age at diagnosis and Txp was 61.3±6.3 years and 63.1±5.9 years respectively. The median interval between diagnosis/treatment and transplantation was 19.3 months (0-182.1 months). Maintenance immunosuppression included corticosteroids (n=85), calcinurin inhibitors (n=80), antiproliferative agent (n=55). Antibody therapy was utilized in 43 patients. Median follow-up was 20.5 months (33.8±42) after transplantation. Overall mortality was 28.8%, with death due to disease in 7/90 patients (7.8%) and recurrence rate of 17.7%. The most common cause of death was either cardiac or infectious (16/26). The median time to recurrence was 10.6 months after Txp and the median time of survival was 49.2 months after Txp for those who died of recurrent disease.FigureRx = Therapy, Wait time is the interval between cancer therapy and transplantation Conclusions: Preexisting PCA in SOTR has a low but significant risk of recurrence and death due to recurrence. The risk of recurrent disease and cancer specific mortality is related to stage at initial diagnosis. Stage I and II disease may be transplanted with acceptable risk of recurrent disease or death due to recurrent disease, while stage III disease portends increased risk of recurrence and cancer related deaths. Length of wait does not appear to be related to the risk of recurrence.
Self-organized growth of bamboo-like carbon nanotube arrays for field emission properties (2012)

Well-aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (N-CNTs) film was fabricated on silicon substrate by thermal chemical vapor deposition process with varying the growth temperature. The effect of growth temperature on morphology, microstructure and crystallinity for the growth of N-CNTs was studied. At all growth temperatures, the bamboo-like morphology of graphene layers with compartments in CNTs were observed in transmission electron microscope micrographs. The doping level and the type of nitrogen-related moieties were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The compartment distance decreases with increase in nitrogen doping level in hexagonal graphite network. The increase in nitrogen doping level in N-CNTs will lead to decrease in crystallinity and in-plane crystallite size. Field emission study of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes grown at optimum parameters showed that they are good emitters with a turn-on and threshold field of 0.3 and 1.6 V/μm, respectively. The maximum current density was observed to be 18.8 mA/cm2 at the electric field of 2.1 V/μm. It is considered that the enhanced field emission performance of doped nanotube is due to the presence of lone pairs of electrons on nitrogen atom that supplies more electrons to the conduction band.
Online Sequential Task Assignment With Execution Uncertainties for Multiple Robot Manipulators (2021)

In order to let multiple robot manipulators cooperatively complete a sequence of tasks in a shared workspace under task execution uncertainty, this letter proposes a multi-robot task allocation framework for constantly assigning tasks to robots, while the interference among concurrent robot motions is account for. An online sequential task assignment method is presented, which decouples the time-extended problem into a sequence of synchronous and asynchronous instantaneous assignment sub-problems. This renders the approach capable of reacting to task execution uncertainties in real-time. A one-step-ahead simulation method is employed to reduce the idle time of robots and improve task completion efficiency. Each instantaneous assignment sub-problem is modeled as an optimal assignment problem with variable utility and solved by a branch-and-bound algorithm, with which multi-robot motion coordination is integrated. Experimental results conducted with three Franka-Emika Panda arms show that these can cooperatively complete all tasks without collision and little waiting time. Simulations with larger multi-robot systems show that the approach scales linearly with the number of robots.
All-fiber continuous-wave Raman fiber oscillator operating at 2118 nm (2019)

An all-fiber Raman fiber oscillator operating at 2118 nm pumped by homemade thulium-doped fiber laser with continuous output power of 4.2 W has been demonstrated in this paper. By means of 26 m ultrahigh-numerical-aperture fibers, the average slope efficiency can be up to 23.6%. Because of the Raman spectrum broadening of the first Stokes light, the intensity of high order Raman Stokes has been suppressed. The mechanism of Raman spectrum broadening has been analyzed by group-velocity dispersion and Four-Wave Mixing frequency theories in detail. Two mode field adaptors have been used to reduce the intracavity loss and thermal deposition, which indicates that the proposed architecture is robust and has significant power scaling potential.
GLIB: Efficient Exploration for Relational Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Goal-Literal Babbling (2020)

We address the problem of efficient exploration for transition model learning in the relational model-based reinforcement learning setting without extrinsic goals or rewards. Inspired by human curiosity, we propose goal-literal babbling (GLIB), a simple and general method for exploration in such problems. GLIB samples relational conjunctive goals that can be understood as specific, targeted effects that the agent would like to achieve in the world, and plans to achieve these goals using the transition model being learned. We provide theoretical guarantees showing that exploration with GLIB will converge almost surely to the ground truth model. Experimentally, we find GLIB to strongly outperform existing methods in both prediction and planning on a range of tasks, encompassing standard PDDL and PPDDL planning benchmarks and a robotic manipulation task implemented in the PyBullet physics simulator. Video: https://youtu.be/F6lmrPT6TOY Code: https://git.io/JIsTB
Pressure Sensitive Adhesion of an Elastomeric Protein Complex Extracted From Squid Ring Teeth (2014)

The pressure sensitive adhesion characteristic of a protein complex extracted from squid ring teeth (SRT), which exhibits an unusual and reversible transition from a solid to a melt, is studied. The native SRT is an elastomeric protein complex that has standard amino acids, and it does not function as adhesives in nature. The SRT can be thermally shaped into any 3D geometry (e.g., thin films, ribbons, colloids), and it has a glass transition temperature of 32 °C in water. Underwater adhesion strength of the protein film is approximately 1.5–2.5 MPa. The thermoplastic protein film could potentially be used in an array of fields, including dental resins, bandages for wound healing, and surgical sutures in the body.
Conformation-Dependent Reversible Interaction of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase with an Inhibitor, TIM-063 (2022)

Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK), a Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-dependent enzyme that phosphorylates and activates multifunctional kinases, including CaMKI, CaMKIV, protein kinase B/Akt, and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase, is involved in various Ca<sup>2+</sup>-signaling pathways in cells. Recently, we developed an ATP-competitive CaMKK inhibitor, TIM-063 (2-hydroxy-3-nitro-7<i>H</i>-benzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one, Ohtsuka et al. Biochemistry 2020, 59, 1701-1710). To gain mechanistic insights into the interaction of CaMKK with TIM-063, we prepared TIM-063-coupled sepharose (TIM-127-sepharose) for association/dissociation analysis of the enzyme/inhibitor complex. CaMKKα/β in transfected COS-7 cells and in mouse brain extracts specifically bound to TIM-127-sepharose and dissociated following the addition of TIM-063 in a manner similar to that of recombinant GST-CaMKKα/β, which could bind to TIM-127-sepharose in a Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-dependent fashion and dissociate from the sepharose following the addition of TIM-063 in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to GST-CaMKKα, GST-CaMKKβ was able to weakly bind to TIM-127-sepharose in the presence of EGTA, probably due to the partially active conformation of recombinant GST-CaMKKβ without Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-binding. These results suggested that the regulatory domain of CaMKKα prevented the inhibitor from interacting with the catalytic domain as the GST-CaMKKα mutant (residues 126-434) lacking the regulatory domain (residues 438-463) interacted with TIM-127-sepharose regardless of the presence or absence of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM. Furthermore, CaMKKα bound to TIM-127-sepharose in the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM completely dissociated from TIM-127-sepharose following the addition of excess EGTA. These results indicated that TIM-063 interacted with and inhibited CaMKK in its active state but not in its autoinhibited state and that this interaction is likely reversible, depending on the concentration of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>.
The Histamine H3 Receptor Differentially Modulates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Akt Signaling in Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Neurons (2016)

The basal ganglia have a central role in motor patterning, habits, motivated behaviors, and cognition as well as in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Receptors for histamine, especially the H3 receptor (H3R), are highly expressed in the striatum, the primary input nucleus of the basal ganglia, but their effects on this circuitry have been little explored. H3R interacts with dopamine (DA) receptors ex vivo; the nature and functional importance of these interactions in vivo remain obscure. We found H3R activation with the agonist R-(-)-α-methylhistamine to produce a unique time- and cell type-dependent profile of molecular signaling events in the striatum. H3 agonist treatment did not detectably alter extracellular DA levels or signaling through the cAMP/DARPP-32 signaling pathway in either D1- or D2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In D1-MSNs, H3 agonist treatment transiently activated MAPK signaling and phosphorylation of rpS6 and led to phosphorylation of GSK3β-Ser<sup>9</sup>, a novel effect. Consequences of H3 activation in D2-MSNs were completely different. MAPK signaling was unchanged, and GSK3β-Ser<sup>9</sup> phosphorylation was reduced. At the behavioral level, two H3 agonists had no significant effect on locomotion or stereotypy, but they dramatically attenuated the locomotor activation produced by the D1 agonist SKF82958. H3 agonist co-administration blocked the activation of MAPK signaling and the phosphorylation of rpS6 produced by D1 activation in D1-MSNs, paralleling behavioral effects. In contrast, GSK3β-Ser<sup>9</sup> phosphorylation was seen only after H3 agonist treatment, with no interactive effects. H3R signaling has been neglected in models of basal ganglia function and has implications for a range of pathophysiologies.
Molecular and supramolecular Ni(II) wheels from α-benzoin oxime (2009)

The use of alpha-benzoin oxime in Ni(II) chemistry leads to the formation of a family of unusual molecular and supramolecular wheels.