gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection: Novel Pathologic Findings Resembling Other Morbillivirus Infections (2007)

The present study describes pathologic and virologic findings in 15 sheep and 6 goats that died of natural peste des petits ruminants virus infection in Turkey. Pathologic findings included erosive-ulcerative stomatitis, fibrino-necrotic tracheitis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, multifocal coagulation necroses in the liver, and severe lymphocytolysis in lymphoid tissues. Syncytial cells were conspicuous, especially in the oral mucosa, pulmonary alveoli, liver, and lymphoid tissues. In addition to the typical tissue distribution, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear inclusions were observed in epithelial cells lining the renal pelvis and abomasal mucosa. Immunolabeling of the viral antigen was observed in the kidney, brain, rumen, abomasum, heart, and myocytes of the tongue besides its more typical locations. In this study, we report and describe in detail the first peste des petits ruminants endemic in Kirikkale Province, Central Anatolia of Turkey. In conclusion, these previously unreported pathologic findings in natural peste des petits ruminants virus infection establish a basis for resemblance to other morbillivirus infections, such as canine distemper and distemper of sea mammals. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that the 448-bp genome fragment was amplified in 18 cases (18/21, 85.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses belong to lineage 4 in the peste des petits ruminants virus common phylogenetic tree.
Photophysics and Photochemistry of some Dipyrrolylperfluorocyclopentenes (2005)

ABSTRACT The relaxation properties of the lowest excited states of singlet and triplet multiplicity of some photochromes with dipyrrolylperfluorocyclopentene structure have been investigated by conventional and time-resolved spectrometric techniques. These compounds can be photocoloured with a fairly high quantum yield (ΦPC ≥ 0.5). The bleaching is thermal and photochemical. The fluorescence emission is scarceor undetectable. No triplet absorption was observed by laser flash photolysis, whereas transients unaffected by oxygen (lifetimes in the range 60 ns–10 μs) were detected beside the metastable closed form. Keywords: bleachingdipyrrolylcyclopentenesphotophysicsphotochromism Acknowledgments A significant part of this research was funded by the “Ministero per l'Università e la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica” and the University of Perugia in the framework of the “Programmi di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale” (project “Photoprocesses of interest for applications”).
Synthesis of the pentasaccharide core structure of asparagine-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharides by the glycal assembly method. (1996)

The "core" pentasaccharide region of high mannose asparagine-linked glycoproteins was synthesized using thioethyl donors and methyl triflate to promote coupling. All monosaccharide units were prepared from glycals. The central mannose residue was installed by inversion of the C2 hydroxyl of a glucosyl precursor. The protecting group scheme employed allows for the extension of the pentasaccharide through the terminal mannose units and a peptide can be coupled through transformation of the glycal.
The Regioselective 1,4-Addition Reaction of Alkenylboronic Acids to α,β,α′,β′-Unsaturated Ketones (1998)

Abstract The effect of substituents on the double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketones for the 1,4-addition reaction rate of alkenylboronic acids induced by cyanuric fluoride was studied in detail. When the steric hindrance around the β-carbon of the unsaturated ketones increased, the 1,4-addition reaction rate significantly decreased. An alkyl substituent on the α-carbon was also found to significantly affect the 1,4-addition reaction. From these results, unsymmetric α,β,α′,β′-unsaturated ketones (10a—f) were designed for the regioselective 1,4-addition reaction with alkenylboronic acids (4a—j). Since they have substituents to disturb the 1,4-addition reaction on only one double bond, the alkenylboronic acids reacted with them from only one side to selectively provide γ,δ,α′,β′-unsaturated ketones (11a—q). Further transformations of the resulting γ,δ,α′,β′-unsaturated ketones were also performed.
Role of Sca‐1 after ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult mouse kidney (2013)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem with significant consequences on healthcare. It is of great importance to understand the genetic and cellular changes induced by AKI. Stem cell antigen‐1 (Sca‐1, Ly6a), is a GPI‐anchored protein expressed on progenitor cell as well as differentiated cell populations. Although commonly used as a marker to enrich for stem/progenitor cells, little is known about the function of Sca‐1. Recent work has suggested Sca‐1 may play role in Smad activation downstream of TGFβ receptor 1, a pathway known to function in the progression of kidney disease. We sought to determine the role of Sca‐1 in the adult kidney using ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) as a model for AKI. Sca‐1 is expressed in epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, loop‐of‐Henle, and distal tubule as well as in specific interstitial and endothelial cells. After IRI, Sca‐1 knockout mice displayed significantly increased kidney injury molecule 1 expression and prolonged Smad2 phosphorylation compared to wild‐type controls. Interestingly, uninjured Sca‐1 knock‐out mice also had increased Smad2 activation. In addition, loss of Sca‐1 resulted in increased cytokine and collagen expression after IRI. These results suggest Sca‐1 is required to inhibit Smad activation by the TGFβ pathway and may protect from AKI induced interstitial fibrosis. Grant Funding Source : N/A
High-performance poly-Ge short-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors formed on SiO2layer by flash lamp annealing (2014)

To realize a stackable complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (CMOSFET) on interlayer dielectrics for three-dimensional (3D) large-scale-integration devices, we investigated poly-Ge thin films formed by flash lamp annealing. The process resulted in crystalline grains of micrometer-order size, and the Hall-effect mobility of holes was as high as 200 cm2 V−1 s−1. A depletion-type trigate poly-Ge channel pMOSFET with a gate length of 80 nm formed on a poly-Ge film exhibited a drive current of 280 µA/µm at a drain voltage of −1 V and a gate overdrive of −1 V. The operation of inversion-type short-channel trigate poly-Ge nMOSFETs was also demonstrated.
Implication of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-IR Pathway in the Resistance of Non–small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Treatment with Gefitinib (2007)

IGF-IR expression may be useful as a predictive marker for gefitinib treatment of NSCLC. Suppression of IGF-IR signaling pathways may prevent or delay development of gefitinib resistance in patients with NSCLC.
The effect of B27 supplement on promoting in vitro propagation of Her2/neu-transformed mammary tumorspheres (2011)

A variety of human solid tumors, including breast cancer, are considered to embrace a hierarchical organization in which only rare tumor-initiating cancer stem cells are truly responsible for tumor formation. Cultivation of tumorspheres in non-adherent conditions is widely employed for enriching these putative cancer stem cells in vitro. However, the absence of a defined culture medium has handicapped further characterization and isolation of this cell population. In this study, we used mouse mammary tumor virus MMTV-HER2/neu transgenic mice that mimic the HER2/Neu-positive subtype of human breast cancer as a model system, and cultured primary tumor cells and tumorspheres from these mice under non-adherent conditions. In addition to essential growth factors, we found that B27 supplement played an important role in promoting tumorsphere formation and maintaining cultures through passaging. A tumorsphere-formation assay and measurements of average tumorsphere size provided insight into the characteristics of the putative breast cancer stem cells. Tumorspheres were enriched for cancer stem cells through serial passaging, while sphere size was determined by the innate properties of cancer stem cells and independent of the culture condition. Our study identifies B27 as an essential component of culture medium necessary for sustained propagation and enrichment of breast cancer stem cells in vitro.
Conformations of oxidized cytochrome c oxidase (1981)

Oxidized cytochrome c oxidase is shown to exist in three conformations in addition to the transient "g5" conformation previously reported [Shaw, R. W., Hansen, R. E., & Beinert, H. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6637-6640]. The "resting" and "g12" conformations are distinguished by an NO-induced cytochrome a3 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal and an EPR signal at g' = 12, respectively. The "oxygenated" conformatin exhibits an unusual EPR signal in the presence of fluoride and is identical with the "oxygenated" state first discovered by Okunuki et al. [Okunuki, K., Hagihora, B., Sekuzu, I., & Horio, T. (1958) Proc. Int. Symp. Enzyme Chem., Tokyo, Kyoto, 264]. It is proposed that when the reduced enzyme is reoxidized by dioxygen, the oxidized enzyme first relaxes from the "g5" into the "oxygenated" conformation after which a percentage of the molecules slowly relax into the "g12" conformation. The "resting" conformation is not formed when the enzyme is reoxidized. On the basis of the EPR observations, it is proposed that these various conformations of the oxidized enzyme differ in the structure of the cytochrome a3--Cua3 site. Structures for the cytochrome a3--Cua3 site are proposed for each conformation, and a mechanism by which these conformations undergo interconversion among themselves is described.
Method of modifying a surface (2023)

The present invention provides a surface modification method that provides beneficial changes in surface properties, can modify a surface to a greater depth than previous methods, and that is suitable for industrial application. The present method comprises applying a thin-film coating to a surface of a substrate, then subjecting the coated surface to an ion beam. The ion beam power pulse heats the coated surface, leading to alloying between the material in the coating and the material of the substrate. Rapid cooling of the alloyed layer after an ion beam pulse can lead to formation of metastable alloys and microstructures not accessible by conventional alloying methods or intense ion beam treatment of the substrate alone.
Synergistic drug-cytokine induction of hepatocellular death as an in vitro approach for the study of inflammation-associated idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity (2009)

article i nfo Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity represents a major problem in drug development due to inadequacy of current preclinical screening assays, but recently established rodent models utilizing bacterial LPS co- administration to induce an inflammatory background have successfully reproduced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity signatures for certain drugs. However, the low-throughput nature of these models renders them problematic for employment as preclinical screening assays. Here, we present an analogous, but high- throughput, in vitro approach in which drugs are administered to a variety of cell types (primary human and rat hepatocytes and the human HepG2 cell line) across a landscape of inflammatory contexts containing LPS and cytokines TNF, IFNγ, IL-1α, and IL-6. Using this assay, we observed drug-cytokine hepatotoxicity synergies for multiple idiosyncratic hepatotoxicants (ranitidine, trovafloxacin, nefazodone, nimesulide, clarithromycin, and telithromycin) but not for their corresponding non-toxic control compounds (famotidine, levofloxacin, buspirone, and aspirin). A larger compendium of drug-cytokine mix hepatotoxicity data demonstrated that hepatotoxicity synergies were largely potentiated by TNF, IL-1α, and LPS within the context of multi-cytokine mixes. Then, we screened 90 drugs for cytokine synergy in human hepatocytes and found that a significantly larger fraction of the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicants (19%) synergized with a single cytokine mix than did the non-hepatotoxic drugs (3%). Finally, we used an information theoretic approach to ascertain especially informative subsets of cytokine treatments for most highly effective construction of regression models for drug- and cytokine mix-induced hepatotoxicities across these cell systems. Our results suggest that this drug-cytokine co-treatment approach could provide a useful preclinical tool for investigating inflammation-associated idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity.
Role of Subchondral Bone in the Initiation and Progression of Cartilage Damage (1986)

Osteoarthrosis is a physiologic imbalance, a "joint failure" similar to "heart failure," in which mechanical factors play a role. The initiation and progression of cartilage damage are distinct phenomena. One of the mechanisms of initiation may be a steep stiffness gradient in the underlying subchondral bone. Progression of cartilage lesions probably requires stiffened subchondral bone. In such situations, transverse stresses at the base of the articular cartilage could cause deep horizontal splits in that tissue. The most likely cause of subchondral stiffening in an otherwise congruent joint is repeated failure of the musculoskeletal peak dynamic force attenuation mechanisms. The health and integrity of the overlying articular cartilage depends on the mechanical properties of its bony bed. In certain models of osteoarthrosis, alterations of the bony bed occur before the cartilage changes and suggest that this can occur in clinical conditions. Stiffening of the subchondral bone also can effect joint conformation, which involves deformation of articular cartilage and bone to create maximum contact areas under load.
Auditory Masking Removal for Perception Improvement of Hearing Impaired Persons (2016)

A novel method is projected in order to get a better speech perception for the hearing impaired people. The algorithm is developed to achieve a specific number of bands of the preferred speech material for dichotic presentation.These bands are obtained using a set of dyadic filters which gives sharp transitions between selected bands. For implementing this algorithm MATLAB software is used .At first by implementing the code eighteen bands of Constant Bandwidth, nineteen bands of 1/3 Octave bandwidths and eighteen bands of critical bandwidth using pair of complementary comb filters from the filter sets are obtained. Ten subjects of various age group participated for the listening test .The test material used for the testing purpose involves a set of 15 Vowel Consonant Vowel (VCV) context .The performed test outcome proves that the projected method is usefull for improving the recognition score and also reduces the response time.
Silicon cells made by self-aligned selective-emitter plasma-etchback process (2023)

Photovoltaic cells and methods for making them are disclosed wherein the metallized grids of the cells are used to mask portions of cell emitter regions to allow selective etching of phosphorus-doped emitter regions. The preferred etchant is SF.sub.6 or a combination of SF.sub.6 and O.sub.2. This self-aligned selective etching allows for enhanced blue response (versus cells with uniform heavy doping of the emitter) while preserving heavier doping in the region beneath the gridlines needed for low contact resistance. Embodiments are disclosed for making cells with or without textured surfaces. Optional steps include plasma hydrogenation and PECVD nitride deposition, each of which are suited to customized applications for requirements of given cells to be manufactured. The techniques disclosed could replace expensive and difficult alignment methodologies used to obtain selectively etched emitters, and they may be easily integrated with existing plasma processing methods and techniques of the invention may be accomplished in a single plasma-processing chamber.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Exploration of Alkyl/Phenylalkyl Piperidine Analogues as Novel Highly Potent and Selective μ Opioid Receptor Agonists (2020)

Pain was implicated in many diseases. Despite effectiveness to treat moderate to severe pain, opioid analgesics elicited many side effects, greatly limiting their prescription in clinics. Based on <b>M1</b>, an active metabolite of tramadol, 3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-4-ol analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. Among all the compounds tested, compound <b>23</b> was found to be a novel, highly selective, and potent MOR agonist (<i>K</i><sub>i MOR</sub> = 0.0034 nM, EC<sub>50 MOR</sub> = 0.68 nM, <i>E</i><sub>max</sub> = 206.5%; <i>K</i><sub>i DOR</sub> = 41.67 nM; <i>K</i><sub>i KOR</sub> = 7.9 nM). Structure-activity relationship exploration showed that the linker between the piperidine ring and the phenyl ring as well as substituent pattern of the phenyl ring played a pivotal role in binding affinity and selectivity. (3<i>R</i>, 4<i>S</i>)-<b>23</b> (<i>K</i><sub>i MOR</sub> = 0.0021 ± 0.0001 nM, EC<sub>50 MOR</sub> = 0.0013 ± 0.0001 nM, <i>E</i><sub>max</sub> = 209.1 ± 1.4%; <i>K</i><sub>i DOR</sub> = 18.4 ± 0.7 nM, EC<sub>50 DOR</sub> = 74.5 ± 2.8 nM, <i>E</i><sub>max</sub> = 267.1 ± 1.4%; <i>K</i><sub>i KOR</sub> = 25.8 ± 0.2 nM, EC<sub>50 DOR</sub> = 116.2 ± 4.4 nM, <i>E</i><sub>max</sub> = 209.5 ± 1.4%) had more potent activity for opioid receptors than its enantiomer (3<i>S</i>, 4<i>R</i>)-<b>23</b> and was found to be a potent, highly selective MOR agonist with novel scaffold. High binding affinity and selectivity of (3<i>R</i>, 4<i>S</i>)-<b>23</b> for MOR over KOR and DOR and its mechanism of activating MOR were proposed by docking and molecular dynamics simulations, respectively.
Predicting the Molecular Arrangements in Polymer‐Based Nanocomposites (2003)

Abstract Monte Carlo computer simulations have been performed for model polymers containing randomly distributed spherical filler particles (20% in volume) with diameter between 4 times and 28 times the transverse diameter of the chains. By analyzing the results in conjunction with those of previous simulations, a few simple rules are deduced allowing to predict approximately the molecular arrangements in these complex systems. Schematic two‐dimensional picture of the mutual arrangements of filler particles and chains predicted for system M 12 . image Schematic two‐dimensional picture of the mutual arrangements of filler particles and chains predicted for system M 12 .
Synergistic effect of gefitinib and rofecoxib in mesothelioma cells (2010)

Gefitinib and rofecoxib exert cell type-specific effects that vary between different MM cells. Total EGFR expression and downstream signalling does not correlate with gefitinib sensitivity. These data suggest that the effect of gefitinib can be potentiated by rofecoxib in MM cell lines where AKT is not activated.
Physical Verification landscape; The past & the Present (2014)

Complexity in achieving economically profitable yield is tremendously growing with every new technology node. Physical Verification (PV) has already moved from point tool for Design Rules Checking (DRC) to a more complex platform encompasses every verification step after Design and To Silicon implementation. Today, just to name a few, Circuit verification, DFM, LFD, Power,..etc., are all linked to achieve full verification of advanced designs and applications. The past was DRC while the present is Design Verification Solutions that is getting more complex than ever. In this talk, we will present the PV landscape and how Mentor Design To Silicon division is responding to the immense complexity with unprecedented innovation.
Relationship of solvent to the photopolymerization process, properties, and structure in model dentin adhesives (2006)

The ratio of the double-bond content of monomer to polymer, i.e. degree of conversion (DC) has been used frequently as a convenient means of comparing the behavior and properties of dental composites and adhesives. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship of photopolymerization processes, bulk properties, and structure using model dentin adhesives cured in the presence of different ethanol content as an example. There was little difference in the DC of model BisGMA-based adhesives cured in the presence of ethanol concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 wt %, but there were substantial differences in the mechanical properties. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and modulus of elasticity decreased with an increase in ethanol content. Polymer structure was revealed by thermal behavior in the glass transition temperature (Tg) region; these measurements were obtained by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) technology, which removes the competing irreversible effects associated with release of volatiles and residual curing. Glass transition temperature of model adhesives decreased substantially with an increase in ethanol content. The DC based on the quantity of remaining double bond has been used extensively to characterize and provide a relative assessment of the quality of dentin adhesives and dental composites. Since polymers differing in linearity, and therefore crosslink density, may have a similar degree of conversion, the measurement of monomer/polymer conversion does not necessarily provide complete representation of the quality or durability of the polymer structure.
Improved recovery time in single coil pulsed NMR spectrometers (1975)

A simple modification to a conventional single coil pulsed NMR spectrometer is described which damps the final stage of the transmitter at low rf levels. For an unmodified Bruker SXP spectrometer a receiver recovery time of 7.7 μsec is obtained at 60 MHz; this time improves to 5.5 μsec on adding the ’’low level damper.’’
Impact of Pre-Exposure History and Host Genetics on Antibody Avidity Following Norovirus Vaccination (2017)

Host genetics and pre-exposure history shape norovirus vaccine Ab responses, including blockade Ab avidity. Avidity of potentially neutralizing Ab may be an important metric for evaluating vaccine responses to highly penetrant viruses with cross-reactive serotypes.
Effects of Interleukin-11 on the Hematopoietic Action of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (2011)

Interleukin-11 (IL-11, CAS 145941-26-0) is a cytokine that ameliorates thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is frequently used clinically as an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate neutropenia. In this study, it has been investigated whether IL-11 influences the hematopoietic action of G-CSF in vitro. IL-11 alone did not stimulate CFU-Meg colony formation in the absence of interleukin-3 (IL-3), but did in the presence of IL-3. However, IL-11 alone stimulated the formation of CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-GM colonies, which were further enhanced by IL-3. G-CSF alone stimulated in a concentration dependent manner colony formation of CFU-GM and CFU-E, but not BFU-E or CFU-Meg. The addition of IL-11 enhanced the stimulatory effect of G-CSF on CFU-GM colony formation, and enabled G-CSF to stimulate colony formation of BFU-E, but not CFU-E. The addition of IL-3 further enhanced the stimulatory effect of G-CSF on CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GM colony formation. However, G-CSF was unable to stimulate CFU-Meg colony formation for any of the cytokine combinations tested. These studies demonstrate that IL-11 has significant stimulatory effects on G-CSF-induced CFU-GM colony formation, suggesting that the therapeutic combination of the two growth factors could be beneficial for the treatment of myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy.