gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of AlSi7Mg with Oxide Ceramics (2017)

The development of new active filters for the melt filtration in aluminum industry requires investigations of the interaction of aluminum and its alloys with novel filter materials. The requested filter effects require information about the wettability and potential chemical reactions between the filter material and the metal. Wetting experiments (sessile drop technique at 950 °C under vacuum) of an AlSi7Mg alloy on oxide ceramics (Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 , 3Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2 , TiO 2 ) in two different surface qualities are carried out. The results show that in all cases, the wettability determined in case of a polished substrate is in good agreement to those of the coated substrates representing real filters. The measured differences of the contact angles are caused by the increased roughness of the substrates’ surface primarily. All substrates but the pure Al 2 O 3 form reactive systems in presence of the AlSi7Mg alloy.
Magnetic resonance imaging of pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow by spatial modulation of magnetization (1992)

Various orders of binomial spatial modulation of magnetization sequences up to (1 4 6 4 1) have been tested to find the optimum sequence for clinical application. Stripe width, stripe sharpness and the tolerance of the sequences to radiofrequency non-linearity have been investigated. The (1 3 3 1) sequence was found to be a good compromise between competing design criteria, and its application to viewing pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid motion is described.
The photonic band edge laser: A new approach to gain enhancement (1994)

Near the band edge of a one-dimensional photonic band gap structure the photon group velocity approaches zero. This effect implies an exceedingly long optical path length in the structure. If an active medium is present, the optical path length increase near the photonic band edge can lead to a better than fourfold enhancement of gain. This new effect has important applications to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
Chemistry ofC-Trimethylsilyl-Substituted Heterocarboranes. 24. Synthetic, Spectroscopic, Structural, and Reactivity Studies on Half- and Full-Sandwich Yttracarboranes of 2,3-C2B4- and 2,4-C2B4-Carborane Ligands (1998)

The reaction of YCl3 with closo-exo-5,6-[(μ-H)2Li(THF)2]-1-Li(THF)2-2-(SiMe3)-3-(R)-2,3-C2B4H4 (R = SiMe3 and Me) or closo-exo-5,6-[(μ-H)2Na(THF)2]-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4 in 1:2 molar ratios in dry benzene produced the yttracarboranes [Li(THF)4]{1-Cl-1-(THF)-2,2‘-(SiMe3)2-3,3‘-(R)2-4,4‘,5,5‘-Li(THF)[1,1‘-commo-Y(2,3-C2B4H4)2]} (R = SiMe3 (I), Me (II)) or {Na(THF)3}2{[1-(THF)-1-(μ-H)2-2,2‘,4,4‘-(SiMe3)4-1,1‘-commo-Y(2,4-C2B4H4)2]2} (III) in yields of 83%, 80%, and 74%, respectively. Compound I was found to react with excess NaH in dry THF to give a hydridoyttracarborane sandwich 1-H-2,2‘,3,3‘-(SiMe3)4-[4,4‘,5-Li(THF)]2-[1,1‘-commo-Y(2,3-C2B4H4)2] (V) in 80% yield. Attempts to prepare the half-sandwich yttracarboranes directly from the reaction of YCl3, Me3SiCH2MgCl, and 2,3-(SiMe3)2-2,3-C2B4H6 proved unsuccessful, instead, the reaction produced the mixed magnesa-/yttracarborane closo-1-Y-{1,1‘-(μ-Cl)2-exo-[5,6-(μ-H)2-Mg(THF)2]-1,1‘-(μ-Cl)2-[closo-1-Mg(THF)-2,3-(SiMe3)2-2,3-C2B4H4]}-2,3-(SiMe3)2-2,3-C2B4H4(3.5C6H6) (IV). All compounds were characterized by their IR and 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR spectra; V was also characterized by its 7Li NMR spectrum. The structures of I, III, and IV were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compound I is a bent-sandwich complex in which the Y atom is bonded to two carborane units, a Cl anion, and a THF molecule to give a very distorted tetrahedral arrangement around the metal. The structure of III is a dimer in which each Y atom is bonded to two carboranes and a THF, the fourth coordination site being occupied by a pair of Y−H−B bridges to two adjacent borons in a neighboring carborane.
Nonlinear Dispersion Relation and Out‐of‐Plane Second Harmonic Generation in MoSSe and WSSe Janus Monolayers (2023)

Abstract Janus transition metal dichalcogenides are an emerging class of atomically thin materials with engineered broken mirror symmetry that gives rise to long‐lived dipolar excitons, Rashba splitting, and topologically protected solitons. They hold great promise as a versatile nonlinear optical platform due to their broadband harmonic generation tunability, ease of integration on photonic structures, and nonlinearities beyond the basal crystal plane. Here, second and third harmonic generation in MoSSe and WSSe Janus monolayers is studied. Polarization‐resolved spectroscopy is used to map the full second‐order susceptibility tensor of MoSSe, including its out‐of‐plane components. In addition, the effective third‐order susceptibility and the second‐order nonlinear dispersion close to exciton resonances for both MoSSe and WSSe are measured at room and cryogenic temperatures. This work sets a bedrock for understanding the nonlinear optical properties of Janus transition metal dichalcogenides and probing their use in the next‐generation on‐chip multifaceted photonic devices.
Terminal Properties of Alfvén Waveguides (1966)

In this paper attention is focused on the terminal properties of Alfvén waveguides. The electrical input impedance at the terminals of a set of coaxial excitor electrodes is derived. This result is then used to investigate the behavior of a lossy Alfvén wave resonator and the conditions under which the waveguide may be matched by a lumped, active load. Matching with a lossy reactive sheet is also discussed. The discussion is limited to the case of axisymmetric, transverse magnetic field modes since these are of the greatest experimental interest.
A Unified Cross-Layer Framework for Resource Allocation in Cooperative Networks (2008)

Node cooperation is an emerging and powerful solution that can overcome the limitation of wireless systems as well as improve the capacity of the next generation wireless networks. By forming a virtual antenna array, node cooperation can achieve high antenna and diversity gains by using several partners to relay the transmitted signals. There has been a lot of work on improving the link performance in cooperative networks by using advanced signal processing or power allocation methods among a single source node and its relays. However, the resource allocation among multiple nodes has not received much attention yet. In this paper, we present a unified cross- layer framework for resource allocation in cooperative networks, which considers the physical and network layers jointly and can be applied for any cooperative transmission scheme. It is found that the fairness and energy constraint cannot be satisfied simultaneously if each node uses a fixed set of relays. To solve this problem, a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">multi-state</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cooperation</i> methodology is proposed, where the energy is allocated among the nodes state-by-state via a geometric and network decomposition approach. Given the energy allocation, the duration of each state is then optimized so as to maximize the nodes utility. Numerical results will compare the performance of cooperative networks with and without resource allocation for cooperative beamforming and selection relaying. It is shown that without resource allocation, cooperation will result in a poor lifetime of the heavily-used nodes. In contrast, the proposed framework will not only guarantee fairness, but will also provide significant throughput and diversity gain over conventional cooperation schemes.
Blind calibration for compressed sensing by convex optimization (2012)

We consider the problem of calibrating a compressed sensing measurement system under the assumption that the decalibration consists in unknown gains on each measure. We focus on blind calibration, using measures performed on a few unknown (but sparse) signals. A naive formulation of this blind calibration problem, using ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization, is reminiscent of blind source separation and dictionary learning, which are known to be highly non-convex and riddled with local minima. In the considered context, we show that in fact this formulation can be exactly expressed as a convex optimization problem, and can be solved using off-the-shelf algorithms. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach even for highly uncalibrated measures, when a sufficient number of (unknown, but sparse) calibrating signals is provided. We observe that the success/failure of the approach seems to obey sharp phase transitions.
Making computers disappear (2001)

Digital appliances designed to simplify everyday tasks are readily available to end consumers. For example, mobile users can retrieve Web content using handheld devices since content retrieval is well-supported by infrastructure services such as transformational proxies. However, the same type of support is lacking for input-centric devices, those that create content and allow users to share content. This lack of infrastructural support makes input-centric devices hard to use and less useful.The Appliance Data Services project seeks to explore a vision of an appliance computing world where users move data seamlessly among various devices. Based on this vision, we formulate three principles that guide the design of an architecture that helps realize this vision: bring devices to the forefront, minimize the number of device features, and place functionality in the network infrastructure. We evaluate our implementation of the ADS architecture based on these principles, and build applications using the ADS framework to evaluate the ease with which appliance computing applications can be built using the framework. We find that it is relatively simple to build and extend applications on ADS that make using digital devices easier, which results in the devices themselves becoming more useful.
Processed allografts and type I collagen conduits for repair of peripheral nerve gaps (2009)

Autografting is the gold standard in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries that are not amenable to end-to-end coaptation. However, because autografts result in donor-site defects and are a limited resource, an effective substitute would be valuable. In a rat model, we compared isografts with Integra NeuraGen (NG) nerve guides, which are a commercially available type I collagen conduit, with processed rat allografts comparable to AxoGen's Avance human decellularized allograft product. In a 14-mm sciatic nerve gap model, isograft was superior to processed allograft, which was in turn superior to NG conduit at 6 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.05 for number of myelinated fibers both at midgraft and distal to the graft). At 12 weeks, these differences were no longer apparent. In a 28-mm graft model, isografts again performed better than processed allografts at both 6 and 22 weeks; regeneration through the NG conduit was often insufficient for analysis in this long graft model. Functional tests confirmed the superiority of isografts, although processed allografts permitted successful reinnervation of distal targets not seen in the NG conduit groups. Processed allografts were inherently non-immunogenic and maintained some internal laminin structure. We conclude that, particularly in a long gap model, nerve graft alternatives fail to confer the regenerative advantages of an isograft. However, AxoGen processed allografts are superior to a currently available conduit-style nerve guide, the Integra NeuraGen. They provide an alternative for reconstruction of short nerve gaps where a conduit might otherwise be used.
Nozzle Flow Characteristics of Alternate Fuels for Compression Ignition Engine Applications (2012)

Inner nozzle flow characteristics (e.g., cavitation, turbulence, injection velocity) are known to affect spray development and hence combustion and emissions. Our previous studies showed that petrodiesel and biodiesel (soybean-based fuels) had very different cavitation and turbulence characteristics, which caused differences in spray breakup, penetration, dispersion, etc. Specifically, the atomization characteristics of biodiesel were worse than those of diesel; they were a direct consequence of biodiesel’s reduced cavitation and turbulence levels at the nozzle exit. In this study, the nozzle flow characteristics of biodiesel (from different feedstocks like tallow, soy, rapeseed, cuphea, and hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO]) were compared with those of diesel. The first step was to obtain data on the physical properties of these fuels (e.g., their density, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure) at different temperatures. At full-needle open position, the cavitation contours scaled with the vapor pressure and viscosity; hence, methyl esters such as soy (SME), rapeseed (RME), and tallow (TME) exhibited less cavitation. The nozzle discharge coefficient, exit velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate at the orifice exit were also compared for these fuels. Transient effects due to needle movement upon the inception of cavitation were studied. The effects of different needle-lift profiles (pertaining to various load conditions) on the nozzle flow development of these fuels were also characterized. This study also provides data on the critical boundary conditions for spray simulations from using the Kelvin Helmholtz-aerodynamic cavitation turbulence (KH-ACT) model, which accounts for cavitation and turbulence-induced breakup in addition to aerodynamic breakup.
To Have and Have Not - Evaluating the costs and benefits of the welfare state with an AGE model of Finland with Intergenerational Accounting (2021)

The aging of the population affects most European economies and challenges the sustainability of public funding in many of them. Aging constitutes a twin problem for the economy, as taking care of the growing elderly population ties up more labour in the care sectors while at the same time crowding out other service and manufacturing sectors. The problem is most visible in countries, where these services are publicly provided and funded, such as the Nordic countries, where aging translates into increasing tax burdens shouldered by the progressively smaller working age cohorts. Thus, while the provision of universally available health care is very much at the heart of the Nordic welfare state, the uncertainties of the benefits of the welfare state of the future combined with the present-day certainties of having to face the bill may be undermining the legitimacy of the Nordic model in the eyes of younger generations. The alternative would be a more market-driven provision of welfare services. Whether and how this would beneficial has not been studied. In the current study, we consider the economics of these inter-generational issues. In particular, we model the inter-generational distribution of the benefits of public health and social care provision and the burden of its financing.
Bipyridylium Herbicides. Polarography of 1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium Dibromide (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBipyridylium Herbicides. Polarography of 1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium DibromideJohn Engelhardt and W. P. McKinleyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1966, 14, 4, 377–380Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60146a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60146a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A computerised database system for bovine traceability (2001)

A computerised database system to record the details of all individual cattle, cattle holdings, cattle movements and cattle tests has been in use in Northern Ireland since 1988. This system was originally used purely to administer official tuberculosis and brucellosis eradication schemes, but subsequent developments have employed the traceability function to extend the use of the system to quality assurance, public health and marketing of beef and beef products. The database has evolved into the current, second generation system and this case study details that evolution from a manual system and describes potential future developments of the system.
NAND-piirit standalone modem -alustoissa (2013)

NAND-muistipiirien käyttö kasvaa vuodesta toiseen; muistipiirejä sovelletaan muun muassa kameroissa, muistitikuissa, mp3-soittimissa jne. Maailmassa on eri muistipiirien tuottajia ja useasti sovelluksen oikea toiminta riippuu muistipiirin valinnasta. NAND:n valintaan vaikuttavat monet eri aspektit, mutta tärkeimmät niistä ovat asiakkaan vaatimukset. Kuitenkin asiakkaalla voi syntyä kysymyksiä muiden valmistajien tuottamien muistipiirien käyttömahdollisuuksista. Tämä voidaan ennakoida ja suorittaa asiakkaan kysymyksiin vastaava tutkimus.&#13;\n&#13;\nValmistajat suorittavat eri testejä tuotannon prosessin aikana tehtaalla. Eri valmistajat käyttävät eri testausmenetelmiä ja tekniikoita, joten valmiin muistipiirin laatu voi erota valmistajasta toiseen. Renesas Mobile Corporationin toteuttamaan laitteeseen voidaan hyvinkin soveltaa kahden eri valmistajan muistipiirejä, eli Micronin ja Toshiban tuottamia piirejä. Siten työn päätavoitteena oli verrata kahden eri valmistajan piirejä keskenään ja haastaa tuottajien dokumentoimia muistipiirien parametreja. Tutkimuksen sivutavoitteena oli arvioida flash-operaatioiden ja Flash Translation Layerin toiminnallisuuden vaikutus muistipiirin elinaikaan.&#13;\n&#13;\nKaikki tutkimuksessa käytetyt testitapaukset on suunniteltu ja toteutettu johdonmukaisesti teorian avulla. Melkein kaikki tutkimuksessa käytetyt dokumentit ja ohjeet löytyvät internetistä; poikkeuksina ovat Renesasin ja Toshiban sisällä käytetyt paperit. Toteutuksessa käytettiin C-, C++- ja C#-ohjelmointikieliä. Lisäksi käytössä oli Renesasin toteuttamat työkalut: trace- ja debug-ohjelmisto sekä protolaitteita.&#13;\n&#13;\nTestauksen tulosten näkökulmasta Micronin valmistama muistipiiri vaikuttaa paremmalta Toshiban tuottamaan muistipiiriin verrattuna. Toisaalta täytyy ottaa huomioon muistipiirin hintaa, kokoa ja datan käsittelynopeutta koskevat asiakkaan vaatimukset. Mainitun mukaisesti Toshiba alkoi vaikuttaa paremmalta: muistipiiri on 24 nm:n luokasta, piiri on suhteellisesti Micronin tuotetta halvempi ja datan käsittelynopeus kolminkertaistuu verrattuna Microniin. Tehdyn laskelman ja Program/Erase-testitapauksesta saadun datan perusteella voidaan todeta, että molempien valmistajien piirit kestävät hyvin aktiivista käyttöä. Voi myös sanoa, että ongelmat esiintyvät datan käsittelyssä todennäköisemmin asiakkaan valitseman muistipiirin elinajan loppuvaiheessa kuin Micronin tekemän tuotteen samassa elinajan vaiheessa.
Extravascular fibrinogen in the white matter of Alzheimer’s disease and normal aged brains: implications for fibrinogen as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates cerebrovascular permeability and leakage of blood-derived fibrinogen. Dysfunction of the BBB has been associated with cerebral arteriolosclerosis small vessel disease (SVD) and white matter lesions (WML). Furthermore, BBB dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the presence of CSF plasma proteins suggested to be a potential biomarker of AD. We aimed to determine if extravascular fibrinogen in the white matter was associated with the development of AD hallmark pathologies, i.e., hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) and amyloid-β (Aβ), as well as SVD, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and measures of white matter damage. Using human post-mortem brains, parietal tissue from 20 AD and 22 non-demented controls was quantitatively assessed for HPτ, Aβ, white matter damage severity, axonal density, demyelination and the burden of extravascular fibrinogen in both WML and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). SVD severity was determined by calculating sclerotic indices. WML- and NAWM fibrinogen burden was not significantly different between AD and controls nor was it associated with the burden of HPτ or Aβ pathology, or any measures of white matter damage. Increasing severity of SVD was associated with and a predictor of both higher WML- and NAWM fibrinogen burden (all P < 0.05) in controls only. In cases with minimal SVD NAWM fibrinogen burden was significantly higher in the AD cases (P < 0.05). BBB dysfunction was present in both non-demented and AD brains and was not associated with the burden of AD-associated cortical pathologies. BBB dysfunction was strongly associated with SVD but only in the non-demented controls. In cases with minimal SVD, BBB dysfunction was significantly worse in AD cases possibly indicating the influence of CAA. In conclusion, extravascular fibrinogen is not associated with AD hallmark pathologies but indicates SVD, suggesting that the presence of fibrinogen in the CSF is not a surrogate marker for AD pathology.
Rotating Boat System for Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth of GaP Green Light-Emitting Diodes (1976)

A new rotating boat system for liquid phase epitaxial growth has been developed. This system can produce GaP green light-emitting diodes on a large scale. It's features are that large quantities of substrates can be treated for one batch processing, that the consumption of the Ga melt is small, that the growing surface is flat and mirror-like and that the quality of growth layers in each run is uniform. A single growth run by the overcompensation method, was used to prepare the green light-emitting junctions. An electroluminescence efficiency of 0.1% was routinely obtained and the maximum efficiency was 0.2% for an unencapsulated diode at a current density of 12.5 A/cm2.
Writing performance of narrow gap heads made with sputtered laminated FeN materials on 3800 Oe coercivity media (1994)

Recording results of write heads using sputtered laminated FeN/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ materials on thin film media with coercivity up to 3800 Oe are compared with those obtained using plated NiFe materials. The thickness of P2 (second pole) of FeN merged write heads is about 3.2 /spl mu/m, and those of plated NiFe heads, 3.5 and 6.3 /spl mu/m respectively. These heads have two write gap thickness, around 0.2 and 0.4 /spl mu/m. Various recording measurements show that these high magnetization FeN heads of 0.15 /spl mu/m gap write well on media of 3800 Oe, while the corresponding NiFe ones with a P2 of twice the thickness could not. For a wide 0.39 /spl mu/m gap, the FeN write heads still work well and the NiFe ones with twice the pole thickness, also did, but at reduced resolution, In short, write heads using a narrow gap and high magnetization materials such as FeN can write 3800 Oe coercivity media, which is capable of storing a bit density over 10 Gb/in/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>