gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal processing applications of oblique projection operators (1994)

Oblique projection operators are used to project measurements onto a low-rank subspace along a direction that is oblique to the subspace. They may be used to enhance signals while nulling interferences. In the paper, the authors give several basic results for oblique projections, including formulas for constructing oblique projections with desired range and null space. They analyze the algebra and geometry of oblique projections in order to understand their properties. They then show how oblique projections can be used to separate signals from structured noise (such as impulse noise), damped or undamped interfering sinusoids (such as power line interference), and narrow-band noise. In some of the problems addressed, the oblique projection provides an alternative way to implement an already known solution. Expressing these solutions as oblique projections brings geometrical insight to the study of the solution. The geometry of oblique projections enables one to compute performance in terms of angles between signal and noise subspaces. As a special case of removing impulse noise, the authors can use oblique projections to interpolate missing data samples. In array processing, oblique projections can be used to simultaneously steer beams and nulls. In communications, oblique projections can be used to remove intersymbol interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The development of electrical strain gages (1940)

"The design, construction, and properties of an electrical-resistance strain gage consisting of fine wires molded in a laminated plastic are described. The properties of such gages are discussed and also the problems of molding of wires in plastic materials, temperature compensation, and cementing and removal of the gages. Further work to be carried out on the strain gage, together with instrument problems, is discussed" (p. 1).
Seismic array response in the presence of laterally varying thickness of the weathering layer (2008)

Wavelet response analysis of seismic arrays is a more convenient and direct method of analysis than using their conventional time-harmonic responses. This is because wavelets, rather than sinusoids, are actually generated by the seismic source. This study involves an investigation of the effect of lateral variations in thickness of the weathering layer over the array length on the array response. Three types of variations were studied; namely, dipping-bottom boundary, channel and irregular bottom boundary of the weathering layer. The investigated parameters were the number of elements (12 and 24 elements), the weighting function (equal and triangular), the incident wavelet (Ricker and Klauder) and the error amount. The degradation in the root-mean square (RMS) amplitude responses generally increased with the error amount. RMS amplitude responses were more degraded in the channel case than the other two cases. Errors affected triangularly weighted arrays more than equally weighted arrays. Klauder wavelet&lt;br&gt;array responses were more affected by these errors than Ricker wavelet responses. Vertically traveling waves (i.e. signals) were more affected than the horizontally traveling waves (i.e. noise). Since these variations cannot be inferred from the surface topography, they can affect the array responses without being detected, unlike topographic and element’s positional errors. Therefore, it is recommended to test for these effects prior to array layout. Solutions to this problem are to record single-element&lt;br&gt;data and correct these during processing before summing, or to move the array away from the sources of these effects.
Digital interpolation beamforming for low-pass and bandpass signals (1979)

Digital time-domain beamforming requires that samples of the sensor signals be available at a sufficient rate to realize accurate time delays for beam steering. For many applications, this input rate, which may be significantly higher than the Nyquist rate required for waveform reconstruction, places stringent requirements on A/D converter hardware and transmission cable bandwidth. Recently, a technique referred to as digital interpolation beamfonning was introduced which greatly relaxes the sampling requirement and provides substantial hardware savings through more flexible design options. In this approach, the sensor channels need only be sampled at a rate which satisfies aliasing requirements. The vernier beam-delay increments are then synthesized using digital interpolation which can be implemented at the beamformer input or output to minimize digital processing complexity. Previously, this concept was presented for the case of "low-pass" signals. This paper extends this work by examining the relationship between interpolation and beamforming for the important class of "bandpass" signals. Specifically, sampling methods are discussed whereby the original waveform can be reconstructed from samples taken at a rate consistent with the bandwidth of the bandpass signal. Beamformer implementations are presented which utilize these bandwidth-sampling techniques in conjunction with interpolation and which compute beam output points at the generally low rate dictated by the signal bandwidth. The interpolation beamformer achieves time-delay quantization (beam-steering accuracy) independent of both the input and output sampling rates. This approach generally requires less hardware than conventional procedures. Interpolation falter characteristics dictated by the bandwidth-sampling procedure are described and efficient methods of implementation employing nonrecursive digital bandpass and low-pass filters are presented.
Probing high pressure properties of single wall carbon nanotubes through fullerene encapsulation. (2008)

The high pressure behavior of bundled 1.35±0.1nm diameter single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) filled with C70 fullerenes (usually called peapods) has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy and compared with the corresponding behavior of the nonfilled SWNT. We show experimentally that two reversible pressure-induced transitions take place in the compressed bundle SWNT. The first transition, in the 2–2.5GPa range, is in good correspondence with predictions of the thermodynamic instability of the nanotube circular cross section for the studied tube diameter. An interaction between the fullerenes and the tube walls is then observed at about 3.5GPa, which evidences a progressive deformation of the tube cross section. The second transition takes place at pressures between 10 and 30GPa, and is evidenced by two effects by a strong frequency downshift of the Raman transverse modes and the concomitant disappearance of the fullerenes Raman modes in peapods. The pressure at which the second transition takes place is strongly dependent on the nature of the pressure transmitting medium. We also report irreversible effects at high pressure as the shortening of the tubes, the formation of nanostructures and the disappearance of the C70 Raman signal in some cases. Transmission electron microscopy studies are also reported supporting these transformations.
The implied longevity curve: How long does the market think you are\n going to live? (2018)

We use life annuity prices to extract information about human longevity using\na framework that links the term structure of mortality and interest rates. We\ninvert the model and perform nonlinear least squares to obtain implied\nlongevity forecasts. Methodologically, we assume a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR)\nmodel for the underlying yield curve, and for mortality, a Gompertz-Makeham\n(GM) law that varies with the year of annuity purchase. Our main result is that\nover the last decade markets implied an improvement in longevity of of 6-7\nweeks per year for males and 1-3 weeks for females. In the year 2004 market\nprices implied a $40.1\\%$ probability of survival to the age 90 for a 75-year\nold male ($51.2\\%$ for a female) annuitant. By the year 2013 the implied\nsurvival probability had increased to $46.1\\%$ (and $53.1\\%$). The\ncorresponding implied life expectancy has increased (at the age of 75) from\n13.09 years for males (15.08 years for females) to 14.28 years (and 15.61\nyears.) Although these values are implied directly from markets, they are\nconsistent with demographic projections. Similar to implied volatility in\noption pricing, we believe that our implied survival probabilities (ISP) and\nimplied life expectancy (ILE) are relevant for the financial management of\nassets post-retirement and very important for the optimal timing and allocation\nto annuities; procrastinators are swimming against an uncertain but rather\nstrong longevity trend.\n
A general two-stage initialization for sag-free deformable simulations (2022)

Initializing simulations of deformable objects involves setting the rest state of all internal forces at the rest shape of the object. However, often times the rest shape is not explicitly provided. In its absence, it is common to initialize by treating the given initial shape as the rest shape. This leads to sagging, the undesirable deformation under gravity as soon as the simulation begins. Prior solutions to sagging are limited to specific simulation systems and material models, most of them cannot handle frictional contact, and they require solving expensive global nonlinear optimization problems. We introduce a novel solution to the sagging problem that can be applied to a variety of simulation systems and materials. The key feature of our approach is that we avoid solving a global nonlinear optimization problem by performing the initialization in two stages. First, we use a global linear optimization for static equilibrium. Any nonlinearity of the material definition is handled in the local stage, which solves many small local problems efficiently and in parallel. Notably, our method can properly handle frictional contact orders of magnitude faster than prior work. We show that our approach can be applied to various simulation systems by presenting examples with mass-spring systems, cloth simulations, the finite element method, the material point method, and position-based dynamics.
Measurement of Individual H+ and O+ Ion Temperatures in the Topside Ionosphere (2018)

Abstract Plasma temperatures in the ionosphere are associated with both the dynamics and spatial distribution of the neutral and charge particles. During the daytime, temperatures are determined by solar energy inputs and energy exchange between charged and neutral particles. Plasma transport parallel to the magnetic field adds another influence on temperatures through adiabatic processes that are most evident during the nighttime. Previous observations suggest that the topside H + temperature ( T H+ ) should reside between the O + temperature ( T O+ ) and the electron temperature ( T e ), and further calculations confirm the preferential heat transfer from the electrons to H + in the topside. In this work we implement a more sophisticated analysis procedure to extract individual mass‐dependent ion temperatures from the retarding potential analyzer measurements on the DMSP F15 satellite. The results show that the daytime T H+ is a few hundred degrees higher than T O+ at all longitudes. The nighttime temperature difference between T H+ and T O+ is indicative of mass‐dependent adiabatic heating and cooling processes across the equatorial region. The ion temperatures and measured plasma flows present clear longitudinal variations that are associated with magnetic declination.
Protecting P-glycoprotein at the blood–brain barrier from degradation in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model (2021)

These findings provide in vivo evidence that microtubule inhibition maintains P-gp protein expression and transport activity levels, which in turn helps to lower hAβ brain levels in hAPP mice. Thus, protecting P-gp at the blood-brain barrier may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AD and other Aβ-based pathologies.
Petuniasterone N, an Unusual Ergostanoid from Petunia Species (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPetuniasterone N, an Unusual Ergostanoid from Petunia SpeciesCarl A. Elliger, William F. Haddon, Anthony C. Waiss Jr., and Mabry BensonCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1989, 52, 3, 576–580Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50063a017https://doi.org/10.1021/np50063a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Einleitung (1994)

Mit der zunehmenden internationalen Verflechtung der Wirtschaft nimmt auch die Zahl und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Insolvenzen grenzüberschreitend tätiger Unternehmen zu. Ein Insolvenzfall wird dadurch zum internationalen, daß der Schuldner Betriebsstätten oder sonstige Vermögenswerte im Ausland hat, daß er sich an im Ausland ansässigen Unternehmen beteiligt oder umgekehrt(1). Es kann dann für alle Beteiligten von erheblichem Interesse sein, ob ein in einem Staat über das Vermögen des Gemeinschuldners eröffnetes Insolvenzverfahren in den anderen Staaten anerkannt wird, in denen sich Vermögen befindet oder zu denen er Geschäftsbeziehungen unterhielt.
Experimental and Theoretical Approaches To Investigate the Immunogenicity of Taenia solium-Derived KE7 Antigen (2017)

<i>Taenia solium</i> cysticercosis, a parasitic disease that affects human health in various regions of the world, is preventable by vaccination. Both the 97-amino-acid-long KETc7 peptide and its carboxyl-terminal, 18-amino-acid-long sequence (GK-1) are found in <i>Taenia crassiceps</i> Both peptides have proven protective capacity against cysticercosis and are part of the highly conserved, cestode-native, 264-amino-acid long protein KE7. KE7 belongs to a ubiquitously distributed family of proteins associated with membrane processes and may participate in several vital cell pathways. The aim of this study was to identify the <i>T. solium</i> KE7 (TsKE7) full-length protein and to determine its immunogenic properties. Recombinant TsKE7 (rTsKE7) was expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Rosetta2 cells and used to obtain mouse polyclonal antibodies. Anti-rTsKE7 antibodies detected the expected native protein among the 350 spots developed from <i>T. solium</i> cyst vesicular fluid in a mass spectrometry-coupled immune proteomic analysis. These antibodies were then used to screen a phage-displayed 7-random-peptide library to map B-cell epitopes. The recognized phages displayed 9 peptides, with the consensus motif Y(F/Y)PS sequence, which includes YYYPS (named GK-1M, for being a GK-1 mimotope), exactly matching a part of GK-1. GK-1M was recognized by 58% of serum samples from cysticercotic pigs with 100% specificity but induced weak protection against murine cysticercosis. <i>In silico</i> analysis revealed a universal T-cell epitope(s) in native TsKE7 potentially capable of stimulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes under different major histocompatibility complex class I and class II mouse haplotypes. Altogether, these results provide a rationale for the efficacy of the KETc7, rTsKE7, and GK-1 peptides as vaccines.
Eine neue Indolizin‐Synthese mit 2‐Acyl‐pyridinen, I. Azomethine von 1‐Amino‐indolizinen und deren Abbauprodukte (1971)

Abstract Aus 2‐Acyl‐pyridinen 1, 2, 3 und aromatischen Aldehyden 4 entstehen beim Erhitzen mit Ammoniumacetat in Eisessig Azomethine 5, 6, 7 von 1‐Amino‐indolizinen, deren Struktur durch Spaltung mit Perchlorsäure sowie mit Acetanhydrid und Wasser bewiesen wird. — Mit Perchlorsäure bilden sich aus ihnen Salze von 1‐Hydroxy‐indolizinen, die je nach ihrer Substitution in der Enolform 19 oder Ketoform 20 erhalten werden. Unabhängig von diesem Strukturunterschied erhält man aus ihnen durch Schotten‐Baumann‐Reaktion die 1‐Benzoyl‐oxy‐indolizine 22 bzw. 23 , — Mit Acetanhydrid und Wasser werden die Azomethine ebenfalls gespalten. Hier werden jedoch die intermediär auftretenden 1‐Amino‐indolizine 24 , bzw. 25 nicht wie bei der Spaltung mit Perchlorsäure hydrolysiert, sondern zu den 1‐Acetamino‐indolizinen 26 bzw. 27 acetyliert, die man auch aus den anderweitig leicht zugänglichen 1‐Acetyl‐indolizinen 28 durch die Schmidt‐Reaktion darstellen kann.
The Effects Of Soluble Dietary Fiber On Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials (2016)

Objective Epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse relationship between soluble fiber intake and blood pressure, while evidence from randomized controlled trials remains largely controversial and poorly characterized. The present study aim is to conduct a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of randomly controlled trials to assess the effects of soluble fiber intake on blood pressure. Study Design Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, through to January 2015 were searched. Randomized, controlled, clinical trials that were ≥30 days in duration testing soluble fiber supplementation against an adequate comparator were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method with random effects model and were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Study heterogeneity was estimated using Cochran Q‐statistic and quantified I 2 statistic. Studies were also assessed for their quality using the Heyland Methodological Quality Score and for risk of bias using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. Results Fourteen studies (n=1112 participants) were included for analysis. Soluble fiber had no effect on systolic (MD=1.00 mmHg [95% CI 2.46 to 0.46]) or diastolic (MD=L0.23 mmHg [95% CI 1.17, 0.71]) blood pressures. Substantial and moderate unexplained heterogeneity were present for the systolic (I 2 =63%, P=0.18) and diastolic (I 2 =40%, P=0.63) blood pressure analyses. Conclusion Pooled analyses show that dietary supplementation of soluble fiber from all sources is not associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure reduction. More studies will need to be included in future meta analyses to better understand the potential blood pressure reducing effects of soluble fiber, especially in patients with hypertension, and to delineate potential benefits of highly viscous soluble fibers. Support or Funding Information Supported by Internal research funding.
Low noise intelligent cladding pumped L-band EDFA (2002)

A new low-cost design for L-band EDFA is presented. The cladding-pumped amplifier exhibits 30 dB gain over 1570-1607nm gain band with noise figure below 6 dB and power excursions below 0.1 dB for 10 dB variations of input power.
Large-scale velocity-coherent filaments in the SEDIGISM survey: Association with spiral arms and the fraction of dense gas (2023)

Context. Filamentary structures in the interstellar medium are closely related to star formation. It is possible that the dense gas mass fraction (DGMF) or clump formation efficiency in large-scale filaments determine whether or not they end up hosting star formation activity. Aims. We aim to automatically identify large-scale filaments, as well as characterizing them, investigating their association with Galactic structures, and studying their DGMFs. Methods. We used a modified minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm to chain parsec-scale 13 CO clumps previously extracted from the Structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic InterStellar Medium (SEDIGISM) survey. The MST connects nodes in a graph such that the sum of edge lengths is at a minimum. A modified MST also ensures the velocity coherence between nodes, so that the identified filaments are coherent in position-position-velocity (PPV) space. Results. We generated a catalog of 88 large-scale (&gt;10 pc) filaments in the inner Galactic plane (with −60° &lt; l &lt; 18° and | b | &lt; 0.5°). These SEDIGISM filaments are larger and less dense than MST filaments previously identified from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) and the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL). We find that eight of the filaments run along spiral arms and can be regarded as the “bones” of the Milky Way. We also found three bones associated with the Local spur in PPV space. By compiling 168 large-scale filaments with available DGMF across the Galaxy, namely, an order of magnitude more than previously investigated, we find that DGMFs are not correlated with Galactic location. We also find that bones have higher DGMFs than other filaments.
Reciprocating flow fixed bed contactor: Part 1 ‐ development, ion exchange (1964)

Abstract The development of a new semi‐continuous method for operation of a fixed bed contactor is described. The technique, termed reciprocating flow, utilizes density differences to achieve the shunting of solutions in alternating directions through a fixed bed. One of the possible flow arrangements was investigated using a strong acid ion exchanger and the calcium/sodium system. It was found that the technique was feasible for the partial removal (80–60%) of calcium from solutions having concentrations ranging from 400 to 2000 ppm. of calcium carbonate. Regenerant consumption and water requirements compare favourably with present commercial practice. However, a small regenerant leak of 1–14 meq./l. into the solution is unavoidable. Resin bed and column heights can be made a small fraction of those presently used in commercial installations. Analyses of some of the important factors limiting efficiency indicate that highly concentrated solutions may be effectively treated by the reciprocating flow technique.