gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mechanical precision and alignment uncertainties for an integrated CT/LINAC system (2003)

A new integrated CT/LINAC combination, in which the CT scanner is inside the radiation therapy treatment room and the same patient couch is used for CT scanning and treatment (after a 180-degree couch rotation), should allow for accurate correction of interfractional setup errors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sources of uncertainties, and to measure the overall precision of this system. The following sources of uncertainty were identified: (1) the patient couch position on the LINAC side after a rotation, (2) the patient couch position on the CT side after a rotation, (3) the patient couch position as indicated by its digital readout, (4) the difference in couch sag between the CT and LINAC positions, (5) the precision of the CT coordinates, (6) the identification of fiducial markers from CT images, (7) the alignment of contours with structures in the CT images, and (8) the alignment with setup lasers. The largest single uncertainties (one standard deviation or 1 SD) were found in couch position on the CT side after a rotation (0.5 mm in the RL direction) and the alignment of contours with the CT images (0.4 mm in the SI direction). All other sources of uncertainty are less than 0.3 mm (1 SD). The overall precision of two setup protocols was investigated in a controlled phantom study. A protocol that relies heavily on the mechanical integrity of the system, and assumes a fixed relationship between the LINAC isocenter and the CT images, gave a predicted precision (1 SD) of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.6 mm in the SI, RL and AP directions, respectively. The second protocol reduces reliance on the mechanical precision of the total system, particularly the patient couch, by using radio-opaque fiducial markers to transfer the isocenter information from the LINAC side to the CT images. This protocol gave a slightly improved predicted precision of 0.5, 0.4, and 0.4 mm in the SI, RL and AP directions, respectively. The distribution of phantom position after CT-based correction confirmed these results. Knowledge of the individual sources of uncertainty will allow alternative setup protocols to be evaluated in the future without the need for significant additional measurements.
Musical-Noise Analysis in Methods of Integrating Microphone Array and Spectral Subtraction Based on Higher-Order Statistics (2010)

We conduct an objective analysis on musical noise generated by two methods of integrating microphone array signal processing and spectral subtraction. To obtain better noise reduction, methods of integrating microphone array signal processing and nonlinear signal processing have been researched. However, nonlinear signal processing often generates musical noise. Since such musical noise causes discomfort to users, it is desirable that musical noise is mitigated. Moreover, it has been recently reported that higher-order statistics are strongly related to the amount of musical noise generated. This implies that it is possible to optimize the integration method from the viewpoint of not only noise reduction performance but also the amount of musical noise generated. Thus, we analyze the simplest methods of integration, that is, the delay-and-sum beamformer and spectral subtraction, and fully clarify the features of musical noise generated by each method. As a result, it is clarified that a specific structure of integration is preferable from the viewpoint of the amount of generated musical noise. The validity of the analysis is shown via a computer simulation and a subjective evaluation.
UMLscript: A Programming Language for Object-Oriented Design (1998)

In this paper we describe the UML class diagrams by means of a programming language we call UMLscript. This language has the advantage that it presents a concise graphic independent definition of one of the cornerstones of the UML. The language may be used to exchange UML models among different tools and projects. It is suitable as input language for automatic layout algorithms, as output language from reverse engineering tools, as data format for repositories as well as maintenance tools. UMLscript provides a concrete syntax for class structure diagrams. After a short introduction we give an ELL(1) grammar of the language presented as a set of commented, easy to read syntax diagrams. We also point out some flaws or inaccuracies of the original UML language definition.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE PROTEINS OF THE MUSCLES AND ORGANS OF THE NORMAL, CASTRATED AND TESTOSTERONE TREATED GUINEA PIG (1964)

ABSTRACT The protein of several muscles, liver, kidney, prostate, seminal vesicles and seminal vesicle fluid of normal, castrated and testosterone propionate or testosterone treated guinea pigs was prepared by either trichloracetic or perchloric acid treatment. The extracted and defatted proteins were hydrolysed with acid and the amino acid composition determined by ion exchange chromatography. Each tissue contained all of the commonly occurring amino acids. The seminal fluid also contained several other unidentified ninhydrin reacting compounds. The quantity of each acid changed in direct proportion with the changes in weight of the tissues produced by castration or androgen treatment. The nine different muscles analysed ranged in no dependency to very great dependency on androgen for normal growth but the amino acid composition of their proteins was practically identical. The quantity of the individual amino acids of the fluid of the seminal vesicles was very different from that of the organ.
Brain Abscess in a Patient With Radiotherapy-Treated Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Misdiagnosis Case Report and Review of the Literature (2020)

Brain abscesses are a relatively rare entity with an estimated incidence of 0.3 to 1.3 per 100,000 people per year. Brain abscesses arise from direct contiguous spread, hematogenous spread, neurosurgical procedures, open traumatic brain injuries, and cryptogenic sources. Early identification is pivotal, as delayed diagnosis and treatment lead to a very poor prognosis. Our case illustrates an elderly gentleman with a history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the oropharyngeal palate who presented to an outside hospital with severe headaches and was found to have a questionable metastatic lesion to his left temporal region. He was discharged with a course of steroids. Weeks later his headaches persisted, mentation further declined and repeat imaging revealed the same abnormal lesion. He subsequently underwent a craniotomy and was found to have a significant temporal abscess and empyema, which were evacuated. Post-operatively his course was complicated by status epilepticus requiring intubation and he was ultimately placed on hospice care. Our case illustrates the importance of early recognition and intervention for suspicious lesions, particularly when predisposing risk factors exist. J Neurol Res. 2020;10(5):199-202 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr620
STIMULATION BY ANGIOTENSIN OF PROSTACYCLIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN RATS AND DOGS (1980)

1. Stimulation of prostanoid release by angiotensins (AI and AII) in rat isolated mesenteric vasculature and in the circulation of anaesthetized dogs has been investigated by bioassay. 2. AI and AII released a PGI2-like substance into rat mesenteric effluent and arterial blood of dogs; PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or TXA2 were not detected. 3. AI stimulated PGI2 release in both systems largely as a result of its conversion to AII, since PGI2 release was much reduced after treatment with captorpril. 3. AI stimulated PGI2 release in both systems largely as a result of its conversion to AII, since PGI2 release was much reduced after treatment with captopril. 4. Intravenous AII (0.02-1.0 microgram kg-1min-1) in dogs released PGI2 mainly from the lungs since right atrial blood contained much less than arterial blood. 5. Indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) abolished AII-induced PGI2 release from the memestery preparation, but intravenous idomethacin (10 mg/kg), meclofenamate (2 mg/kg) or aspirin (100 mg/kg) did not eliminate the pulmonary source of PGI2 in dogs. These findings highlight the dangers of assuming in vivo treatment with cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors abolished biosynthesis of all prostanoids.
IN service creation elements: variations on the meaning of a SIB (2002)

The major thrust of the intelligent network is to move the intelligence behind call processing out of network switches and to empower network operators with tools that enable them to create this intelligence. In present day intelligent networks, call processing intelligence is typically placed on general purpose computing platforms, called service control points (SCP). Service creation environments (SCE) support the creation of IN call processing intelligence, service logic programs (SLP), that run on these computing platforms. Intelligent network solutions include an SCP component and an SCE component, as well as other network elements and operations systems. The service creation environment is a critical part of an IN solution. Today, telecommunications and information technology vendors offer a large variety of SCEs. This variety is largely characterized by the pre-defined service programming elements or commands, often called Service Independent Building Blocks (SIBs), that are provided by the SCE's service creation toolkit. These SIBs operate at various levels of granularity. A SCE may support the use of a general purpose programming language with a built-in API for access to INAP services. Or, an SCE may support a graphical service programming toolkit where the programming elements are represented by icons which again may operate at various levels from GNAP information flows to pre-defined service features. This paper describes three types or categories of IN service creation environments, where the categorization is based on the service programming elements and model supported by the SCE.
Comparison of eating quality of bull and steer beef (1984)

ABSTRACT Eating qualities of beef from entire and castrate male animals were compared using taste panel, objective texture and chemical measurements and a consumer panel. The eating quality of roast m. longissimus dorsi , casseroled m. supraspinatus , minced m. gastrocnemius and grilled m. psoas major from bull beef, slaughtered at 400 days was different (by triangular tests) from that of twin steer beef. The differences (attributed to flavour, texture and juiciness) were not substantiated using descriptive scaling tests when the only significant difference was that roast m. longissimus dorsi from bulls was slightly drier than that from steers. Tenderness, juiciness and flavour of roast m. longissimus dorsi from 71 bulls and 84 steers raised semi-intensively to 390 to 510 kg and slaughtered commercially were assessed using descriptive category scales and the instrumental toughness values. There was no significant difference in organoleptic qualities and the distributions of tenderness and juiciness within these populations were similar. Bull beef contained more connective tissue and had less intramuscular fat. Fatness was poorly related to tenderness ( r = 0·3) and unrelated to juiciness or flavour. A consumer panel of 606 assessors showed that bull beef was not as pale as steer beef and found no difference in fatness of the cuts, flavour or juiciness. Fore-rib roasts of bull beef were marginally less tender than steer fore rib.
Micro-RNAs in thyroid neoplasms: molecular, diagnostic and therapeutic implications (2009)

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small non-coding messenger RNA species that have emerged as potent regulators of a variety of biological processes including oncogenesis. They serve as master regulators with a single miRNA capable of regulating as many as 100 different target genes. Thyroid carcinomas encompass a wide spectrum ranging from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas to poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma. Currently, a considerable degree of interobserver variability exists in the morphological diagnosis of certain types of thyroid carcinomas especially the follicular pattern neoplasm. The prediction of progression of these differentiated carcinoma to more aggressive forms like poorly differentiated and anaplastic types is of considerable interest to physicians and pathologists for determining prognosis and making therapeutic decisions. Several investigators have proposed a more cohesive approach to thyroid cancer diagnosis incorporating molecular and proteomics based tools in addition to the conventional morphological diagnosis. In this context, miRNAs serve as an important diagnostic tool, and several studies have demonstrated their utility as class identifiers especially in the context of follicular thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Larger studies and/or meta-analyses could further delineate their role in predicting cancer progression and prognosis. In the same vein, miRNAs and their target genes could be targeted for novel therapeutics in the future.
Regelung (2004)

Regelungen kommen an vielen Stellen in mechatronischen Systemen vor. In der Förderanlage aus Kapitel 1 muss z. B. die Geschwindigkeit des Bandes geregelt werden. Die Kernaufgabe in der Regelungstechnik besteht darin, für eine bestimmte Regelungsaufgabe den geeigneten Regler auszuwählen und die Parameter anzupassen.
Modelling the Effects of Soil Properties, Rainfall and Road Geometry to Erosion in Unpaved Roads (2021)

Erosion of soils seriously challenges the sustainability and safety in unpaved roads. It leads to faster deterioration of these roads by formation of rills and gullies in the running surface. Many factors related to the soil properties, rainfall parameters, and road geometry affect erodibility of soils at the surface of unpaved roads. However, little is known about the relationships between those factors of erodibility for a single rainfall event. This paper models the contributions of soil properties, intensity and duration of the rainfall, and road's length and gradient to the quantity of eroded soils from unpaved roads. For a 30-minute duration and two consecutive days; rainfall intensities of 30 mm/hr, 51 mm/hr and 68 mm/hr were used to test the erodibility of soils. The tested bed surfaces were set at slopes of 0% and 6%, in a small (large)-scale testing box of 0.6 m (1.2 m) x 0.3 m x 0.17 m (length x width x height). RapidMiner Studio software was used to predict quantities of eroded soils based on the measured eroded soils under the same influencing factors of erodibility. Six predictive models were developed based on the first-and second-day rainfall events. The predictive models can perform well with the Nash and Sutcliffe's coefficients of efficiency (ME) ranging from 0.62 to 0.74. Also, clay content and mean particle size of the surface soils, rainfall intensity and slope gradient were the most contributing factors to the quantity of eroded soils from unpaved roads.
X-ray Crystallographic Structures of D-Xylose Isomerase-Substrate Complexes Position the Substrate and Provide Evidence for Metal Movement during Catalysis (1994)

The X-ray crystallographic structures of the metal-activated enzyme xylose isomerase from Streptomyces olivochromogenes with the substrates D-glucose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and in the absence of substrate were determined to 1.96-, 2.19-, and 1.81-A resolution and refined to R-factors of 16.6%, 15.9%, and 16.1%, respectively. Xylose isomerase catalyzes the interconversion between glucose and fructose (xylose and xylulose under physiological conditions) by utilizing two metal cofactors to promote a hydride shift; the metals are bridged by a glutamate residue. This puts xylose isomerase in the small but rapidly growing family of enzymes with a bridged bimetallic active site, in which both metals are involved in the chemical transformation. The substrate 3-O-methylglucose was chosen in order to position the glucose molecule in the observed electron density unambiguously. Of the two essential magnesium ions per active site, Mg-2 was observed to occupy two alternate positions, separated by 1.8 A, in the substrate-soaked structures. The deduced movement was not observed in the structure without substrate present and is attributed to a step following substrate binding but prior to isomerization. The substrates glucose and 3-O-methylglucose are observed in their linear extended forms and make identical interactions with the enzyme by forming ligands to Mg-1 through O2 and O4 and by forming hydrogen bonds with His53 through O5 and Lys182 through O1. Mg-2 has a water ligand that is interpreted in the crystal structure in the absence of substrate as a hydroxide ion and in the presence of substrate as a water molecule. This hydroxide ion may act as a base to deprotonate the glucose O2 and subsequently protonate the product fructose O1 concomitant with hydride transfer. Calculations of the solvent-accessible surface of possible dimers, with and without the alpha-helical C-terminal domain, suggest that the tetramer is the active form of this xylose isomerase.
Influence of mutation type and X chromosome inactivation on Rett syndrome phenotypes (2000)

We screened 71 sporadic and 7 familial Rett syndrome (RTT) patients for MECP2 mutations by direct sequencing and determined the pattern of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in 39 RTT patients. We identified 23 different disease-causing MECP2 mutations in 54 of 71 (76%) sporadic patients and in 2 of 7 (29%) familial cases. We compared electrophysiological findings, cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry, and 13 clinical characteristics between patients carrying missense mutations and those carrying truncating mutations. Thirty-one of 34 patients (91%) with classic RTT had random XCI. Nonrandom XCI was associated with milder phenotypes, including a mitigated classic RTT caused by a rare early truncating mutation. Patients with truncating mutations have a higher incidence of awake respiratory dysfunction and lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Scoliosis is more common in patients with missense mutations. These data indicate that different MECP2 mutations have similar phenotypic consequences, and random XCI plays an important role in producing the full phenotypic spectrum of classic RTT. The association of early truncating mutations with nonrandom XCI, along with the fact that chimeric mice lacking methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) function die during embryogenesis, supports the notion that RTT is caused by partial loss of MeCP2 function.
Sticky superhydrophobic surface (2007)

The authors present a simple and inexpensive method for fabricating a stable superhydrophobic engineering material surface using aluminum alloy and a suitable aqueous solution and time to control the surface roughness, which has a large water contact angle (&amp;gt;150°) and a large water sliding angle (&amp;gt;90°). The as-prepared surface can be large-scale produced and used in industry quickly, such as a barrier material, self-cleaning material, and lubricating material. This finding will enhance further understanding of the wettability of solid surfaces with special surface morphologies.
Training of subspace distribution clustering hidden Markov model (2002)

Levinson, Juang and Sondhi (1986), and Mak, Bocchieri, and E. Barnard (see Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop, 1997) presented novel subspace distribution clustering hidden Markov models (SDCHMMs) which can be converted from continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMMs) by clustering subspace Gaussians in each stream over all models. Though such model conversion is simple and runs fast, it has two drawbacks: (1) it does not take advantage of the fewer model parameters in SDCHMMs-theoretically SDCHMMs may be trained with smaller amount of data; and, (2) it involves two separate optimization steps (first training CDHMMs, then clustering subspace Gaussians) and the resulting SDCHMMs are not guaranteed to be optimal. We show how SDCHMMs may be trained directly from less speech data if we have a priori knowledge of their architecture. On the ATIS task, a speaker-independent, context-independent (CI) 20-stream SDCHMM system trained using our novel SDCHMM reestimation algorithm with only 8 minutes of speech performs as well as a CDHMM system trained using conventional CDHMM reestimation algorithm with 105 minutes of speech.
Point: Cancer Stem Cells—The Evidence Accumulates (2012)

The concept that cancers arise from "embryonic rests" and contain cell populations capable of self-renewal was proposed 100 years ago (1 ). Only within the past decade, however, has the accumulating research provided strong support for the cancer stem cell (CSC) 2 hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that cancers arise in self-renewing cell populations and that the resulting cancers, like their normal organ counterparts, are composed of hierarchically organized cell populations. Selfrenewing "cancer stem cells" maintain tumor growth and generate the diverse populations constituting the tumor bulk. The CSC hypothesis has tremendously important clinical implications.
Biosynthetic Capacities of Actinomycetes. Part 41. Abyssomicins G and H and Atrop‐Abyssomicin C from the Marine Verrucosispora Strain AB‐18‐032. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electron Self-Energy in Intense Plane-Wave Field (1966)

The self-energy for an electron in an intense external plane-wave field is calculated in perturbation theory. It is demonstrated that the Feynman-Dyson perturbation series may be summed exactly and in closed form with the neglect of the small self-field effects. In order to facilitate the summation, an earlier method is modified to accommodate off-mass-shell momenta for the electron. The momentum-conserving part of the full Green's function is then defined and computed. By adopting Volkov boundary conditions, which specify the plane-wave field to be monochromatic, we obtain a mass shift which agrees with the shift discussed by Sengupta and others. The mass shift is discussed briefly in connection with the question of a frequency shift in strong-field Compton scattering; and the momentum dependence leads to some remarks on the relation between the present calculation and its analog in ordinary quantum electrodynamics.
Dense geological attributes from the time imaging process (2004)

The simultaneous automatic dense picking and filtering of rms‐velocity and effective anellipticity η, using uncorrelated parameters, provide the required accuracy for the estimation of dense geological attributes. Indeed with this process the effects of anisotropy are effectively separated from velocity estimation and the resulting fields make much more geological sense. Here we propose a coherent Dix‐inversion route for interval velocity as well as for interval η, based on the same parameter distributions. To estimate interval velocity as well as interval η, two parameters are required. The far offset behavior of reflection curves (ray bending and/or anisotropy) contains useful information relating to interval velocities. Preliminary tests on West African and Mexican data have shown an excellent lateral coherence in interval attributes and their magnitudes are similar to seismic well attributes.