gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Laser Versus Scalpel Tenolysis in the Rabbit Flexor Tendon (1996)

The use of surgical lasers has been shown to decrease adhesion formation as compared with scalpel control groups in various surgical procedures. The potential benefits of laser technology have not been assessed in the treatment of adherent tendons. The current study was designed to first develop a reliable and reproducible model for consistent adhesion formation following flexor tendon trauma. The second goal was to compare the effects of laser tenolysis procedures on tendon gliding with those of traditional scalpel tenolysis. In phase I, the adhesion-induction model utilized bilateral standardized crush- abrasion injuries to the hind limb digital flexor tendons of New Zealand White rabbits. Following 4 weeks of immobilization, the animals were sacrificed, and peritendoneal adhesions were assessed biomechanically. A significantly higher maximal force was required to extract the adherent tendons from the foot as compared with nontraumatized control tendons. In phase II, six groups of animals underwent the same standardized tendon trauma. Four weeks later the rabbits were randomly assigned to undergo either CO2 laser or holmium:YAG laser tenolysis on one foot. Scalpel lysis was used on the contralateral foot and served as an intraindividual control. Biomechanical assessment was performed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following tenolysis. Significantly less force was required to extract the treated tendons at 1 and 2 weeks following holmium:YAG laser tenolysis when compared with scalpel or CO2 laser tenolysis. After 4 weeks, differences between holmium:YAG and CO2 laser and scalpel treatment were no longer significant. Extracted tendons were pulled apart to failure, and no difference in breaking strength was noted between groups. We conclude that holmium:YAG laser tenolysis results in easier tendon gliding as compared with scalpel or CO2 laser tenolysis at early time points. Laser tenolysis does not affect intrinsic tendon strength.
Mycobiome structure does not affect field litter decomposition in Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations (2023)

Mixed tree plantations have been studied because of their potential to improve biomass production, ecosystem diversity, and soil quality. One example is a mixture of <i>Eucalyptus</i> and <i>Acacia</i> trees, which is a promising strategy to improve microbial diversity and nutrient cycling in soil. We examined how a mixture of these species may influence the biochemical attributes and fungal community associated with leaf litter, and the effects on litter decomposition. We studied the litter from pure and mixed plantations, evaluating the effects of plant material and incubation site on the mycobiome and decomposition rate using litterbags incubated <i>in situ</i>. Our central hypothesis was litter fungal community would change according to incubation site, and it would interfere in litter decomposition rate. Both the plant material and the incubation locale significantly affected the litter decomposition. The origin of the litter was the main modulator of the mycobiome, with distinct communities from one plant species to another. The community changed with the incubation time but the incubation site did not influence the mycobiome community. Our data showed that litter and soil did not share the main elements of the community. Contrary to our hypothesis, the microbial community structure and diversity lacked any association with the decomposition rate. The differences in the decomposition pattern are explained basically as a function of the exchange of nitrogen compounds between the litter.
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Microsoft Office XP (2001)

From the Publisher:

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Microsoft Office XP is the key to success with Office XP. It covers the new versions of the Microsoft Office programs: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Outlook, Publisher, and FrontPage. This book covers everything from word processing to spreadsheet number crunching, from database management to graphics, from slide shows to appointment books. And that's not all-The Complete Idiot's Guide to Microsoft Office XP also shows how to make the programs work together to tackle even bigger tasks, manage email, and create and publish custom Web pages.
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Microsoft Office XP doesn't provide a mere general overview of the Office features. It's packed with hands-on, step-by-step instructions to get users up and running with the Office programs in a hurry. As an added bonus, the book includes a quick reference card to teach secret shortcuts and an installation survival guide to help users cope with the quirky Office installation routine.
Effect of Resistance Training on Contractile Force Production during Doxorubicin-Treatment (2018)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful chemotherapy agent associated with several harmful side effects including cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The observed muscle dysfunction can have a significant impact on the capacity of the DOX-treated patient to perform activities of daily living. Although it has been shown that aerobic and anaerobic exercise before treatment can minimize the degree of DOX-induced muscle dysfunction, few studies have examined the effect of resistance training (RT) on muscle dysfunction during chemotherapy treatment with DOX. PURPOSE: To examine the ability of RT on skeletal muscle dysfunction during DOX treatment using a rat model. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=39) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Sedentary + Saline (SS, n=8), Sedentary + DOX (SDOX, n=10), RT + Saline (RTS, n=12), and RT + DOX (RTDOX, n=9). Animals in the RT groups were housed in specialized cages where the food and water height was progressively elevated so that they achieved an erect bipedal stance to access their food and water for a total of 15 wk. Animals in the sedentary groups remained in standard animal housing for the duration of the study. Starting week 10, animals received weekly intraperitoneal injections of DOX (3 mg/kg) for 4 wk. One week after their last injection, animals underwent ex vivo muscle analysis of the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc testing was used to detect significance. RESULTS: Maximal twitch forces for the EDL were significantly lower in the SDOX (6.01 + 1.85 g/s vs. 11.39 + 3.48 g/s, p=≤0.05) group compared to SS. Rats in the RTDOX had a significantly higher maximal twitch force compared to SDOX (9.37 + 3.01 vs. 6.01 + 1.85 g/s, p=≤0.05) and a significantly lower twitch force compared to RTS (9.37+ 3.01 vs. 15.42 + 4.83, p=≤0.05) for the EDL. No significant differences were found among the groups for maximal twitch forces in the SOL. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that DOX-induced muscle dysfunction is more pronounced in the EDL than the SOL. However, it appears that RT during treatment is effective in mitigating some of the effects of DOX-induced muscle dysfunction in the EDL.
Power saturation in standard and double-AR unfolded laser diode cavities (2016)

We report modeling and experimental results that demonstrate mechanisms limiting the output power of broad area semiconductor lasers.The modeling comprises numerical simulations of the laser cavity with evolution of non-uniform carrier density, photon density, temperature and index.We measure unfolded laser cavities to validate simulation methods and input parameters.
Cloning and functional expression of a mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. (1992)

GnRH plays a pivotal role in the reproductive system, and GnRH analogs have wide therapeutic applications ranging from the treatment of prostatic cancer to infertility. Determination of the predicted structure of the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) would illuminate the mechanisms of receptor activation and regulation and allow directed design of improved GnRH analogs. We report the cloning of a cDNA representing the mouse GnRHR and confirm its identity using Xenopus oocyte expression. Injection of sense RNA transcript leads to the expression of a functional, high affinity GnRHR. Expression of the GnRHR using gonadotrope cell line RNA, however, is blocked by an antisense oligonucleotide. In situ hybridization in the rat anterior pituitary reveals a characteristic GnRHR distribution. The nucleotide sequence encodes a 327-amino acid protein which has the seven putative transmembrane domains characteristic of G protein-coupled receptors, but which lacks a typical intracellular C-terminus. The unusual structure and novel potential regulatory domain of the GnRHR may explain unique aspects of its signal transduction and regulation.
Laccase-Catalyzed Biomimetic Coloration of Wool Fabrics with Phenols (2019)

Fungal laccase-catalyzed in situ polymerization of the naturally-occurring phenol syringic acid was used as an environmentally-friendly alternative for wool coloration at room temperature. Through the incorporation of amino acid small molecules in the polymerization process, the polymeric chemistry of syringic acid was changed, and the color appearance obtained was controllably-tuned in a simple way. By using this method, wool fabrics could be dyed with natural yellowish brown color appearances and different color hues.
Efficient Cleavage of Carboxylic tert‐Butyl and 1‐Adamantyl Esters, and N‐Boc‐Amines Using H2SO4 in CH2Cl2. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Piezoelectric driven insect‐inspired robot with flapping wings capable of skating on the water (2017)

A 165 mg coin‐size bionic water‐skating robot driven by piezoelectric (PZT) bending actuator is presented. The robot with light weight and elastic legs uses surface tension to keep itself on the water surface. The driving force produced by flapping wings enables it to glide easily due to tiny resistance coefficient of water surface. The robot consists of PZT bending actuator, four‐bar transmission structure, two flapping wings, four elastic legs and the body. The actuator bending at resonance frequency of 105 Hz achieves 346 μm displacement at the end of actuator at voltage of 280 V so that the flapping angle of the wings reaches 73° at that frequency. Tests show that, the maximum equivalent payload of robot is 830.6 mg, about five times of its own mass, before breaking the water surface, and the water drag when robot skates on the water surface is about 29 μN, 1.76% of its gravity. The maximum forward speed of the robot is measured as 151 mm/s.
Leveraging Diverse Data Sources to Identify and Describe U.S. Health Care Delivery Systems (2017)

Health care delivery systems are a growing presence in the U.S., yet research is hindered by the lack of universally agreed-upon criteria to denote formal systems. A clearer understanding of how to leverage real-world data sources to empirically identify systems is a necessary first step to such policy-relevant research. We draw from our experience in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Comparative Health System Performance (CHSP) initiative to assess available data sources to identify and describe systems, including system members (for example, hospitals and physicians) and relationships among the members (for example, hospital ownership of physician groups). We highlight five national data sources that either explicitly track system membership or detail system relationships: (1) American Hospital Association annual survey of hospitals; (2) Healthcare Relational Services Databases; (3) SK&A Healthcare Databases; (4) Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System; and (5) Internal Revenue Service 990 forms. Each data source has strengths and limitations for identifying and describing systems due to their varied content, linkages across data sources, and data collection methods. In addition, although no single national data source provides a complete picture of U.S. systems and their members, the CHSP initiative will create an early model of how such data can be combined to compensate for their individual limitations. Identifying systems in a way that can be repeated over time and linked to a host of other data sources will support analysis of how different types of organizations deliver health care and, ultimately, comparison of their performance.
Outcome and diagnostic reproducibility of the thyroid cytology “indeterminate categories” SIAPEC/SIE 2014 in a consecutive series of 302 cases (2020)

In this real-life experience, the sub-classification of TIR3A and TIR3B slightly increased the overall prevalence of "indeterminate" diagnoses. Malignancy rates were higher than estimated for both TIR3A and TIR3B categories. Agreement among observers highly depended on pathologist's training.
Discriminative Feature Representation to Improve Projection Data Inconsistency for Low Dose CT Imaging (2017)

In low dose computed tomography (LDCT) imaging, the data inconsistency of measured noisy projections can significantly deteriorate reconstruction images. To deal with this problem, we propose here a new sinogram restoration approach, the sinogram- discriminative feature representation (S-DFR) method. Different from other sinogram restoration methods, the proposed method works through a 3-D representation-based feature decomposition of the projected attenuation component and the noise component using a well-designed composite dictionary containing atoms with discriminative features. This method can be easily implemented with good robustness in parameter setting. Its comparison to other competing methods through experiments on simulated and real data demonstrated that the S-DFR method offers a sound alternative in LDCT.
Primary Brain Lymphomas after Kidney Transplantation: An Under- Recognized Problem? (2012)

Background: Primary central nervous system (CNS) posttransplantion lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation that has not received much attention so far, however could become a more frequent problem with new biological agents. Methods: We identified 5 cases with CNS PTLD in our centre who were transplanted between 1986 and 2007, 3 men and 2 women, aged 44-79 years (mean age 55.2 years). Three patients had received a kidney transplant only and two patients a kidney-pancreas transplant. Results: The mean time from first symptoms until diagnosis was 3.5 months (2-6 months). One patient was diagnosed post-mortem on autopsy material. The mean time from transplant to onset of neurological symptoms was 73.8 months (31-144 months). The initial clinical manifestation in all 5 cases was headache, gait disturbance (4 cases), aphasia (1 case), meningeal syndrome (2 cases). Epstein Barr virus (EBV) IgG serology was positive in 4 out of 5 cases, in situ hybridization for EBV in brain biopsy samples was positive in 3 cases, negative in 1 case and not available in 1 case. In 4 patients, EBV PCR was positive in CSF. Four patients were treated with radiotherapy. Two of them received additional treatment with methotrexate, one patient carmustin+arac+ methotrexate, and one case was managed with rituximab and temozolomide. After diagnosis overall immunosuppressive load was lowered in all patients. One patient was converted from tacrolimus to everolimus. Three patients died at 8-104 weeks (mean 40 weeks) after diagnosis, one patient is still alive 32 weeks after diagnosis with severe neurological impairment. Conclusions: CNS PTLD is a complication difficult to diagnose, frequently diagnosed too late and often refractory to treatment. A more aggressive screening might be necessary in patients even with mild CNS symptoms.
Evidence for the GluR6 gene associated with younger onset age of Huntington’s disease (1999)

Huntington's disease (HD) is attributed to a triplet CAG repeat mutation, and about half of the variation in onset age can be explained by the size of the repeat expansion. Recently, a TAA repeat polymorphism in close linkage to the kainate receptor, GluR6, was reported related to onset age in HD. We examined this polymorphism in 258 unrelated HD-affected persons (172 from a clinic sample and 86 from a postmortem series). This study confirms that the 155 allele is associated with younger onset age of HD and suggests that it is in linkage disequilibrium with a variant of the GluR6 gene or another gene in this region.
Relaxation of Relativistic Electron Beam in a Plasma with Random Density Inhomogeneities (1976)

The relaxation of kinetically unstable relativistic electron beam in plasma with random density inhomogeneities is studied. Their effect is treated as angular diffusion of resonantly excited Langmuir waves in the wavenumber space. Formulas effective for obtaining the beam energy deposition rate and the Langmuir-wave fluctuation spectrum are presented. The result shows a strong reduction of the energy relaxation rate due to diffusion of Langmuir waves from linearly unstable region to the region where they are damped by the beam itself. The model attributing the formation of random density inhomogeneities to the modulational instability of the Langmuir condensate produced by the beam plasma interaction is used to estimate self-consistently the level of inhomogeneities.
Fluorine ion induced phase evolution of tin-based perovskite thin films: structure and properties (2019)

To study the effect of fluorine ions on the phase transformation of a tin-based perovskite, CsSnI<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> (F) <sub><i>x</i></sub> films were deposited by using thermal vacuum evaporation from a mixed powder of SnI<sub>2</sub>, SnF<sub>2</sub> and CsI, followed by rapid vacuum annealing. The color evolution, structure, and properties of CsSnI<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> films aged in air were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the colors of the films changed from black to yellow, and finally presented as black again over time; the unstable B-γ-CsSnI<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> phase transformed into the Y-CsSnI<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> phase, which is then recombined into the Cs<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>6-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> phase with the generation of SnO<sub>2</sub> in air. Fluorine dopant inhibited the oxidation process. The postponement of the phase transformation is due to the stronger bonds between F and Sn than that between I and Sn. The color changing process of the CsSnI<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> films slowed that the hole concentrations increased and the resistivities decreased with the increase of the F dopant ratio. With the addition of SnF<sub>2</sub>, light harvesting within the visible light region was significantly enhanced. Comparison of the optical and electrical properties of the fresh annealed CsSnI<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> films showed that the band gaps of the aged films widened, the hole concentrations kept the same order, the hole mobilities reduced and therefore, the resistivities increased. The double layer Cs<sub>2</sub>SnI<sub>6-<i>x</i></sub> F <sub><i>x</i></sub> phase also showed 'p' type semi-conductor properties, which might be due to the incomplete transition of Sn<sup>2+</sup> to Sn<sup>4+</sup>, <i>i.e.</i> Sn<sup>2+</sup> provides holes as the acceptor.
Approach for selection of individual enteric bacteria for competitive exclusion in turkey poults (2003)

The intentional early colonization of the intestinal tract with beneficial microflora, known as competitive exclusion, has been shown to successfully protect poultry from selected enteric pathogens. Although effective cultures have been produced and are available, an inexpensive, air-tolerant, and completely defined culture is needed. Presently, we developed an in vitro competition assay to select for individual facultative anaerobes of poultry enteric origin that could exclude Salmonella. Using this assay, 24 isolates were selected and stored individually. These 24 isolates were amplified in batch culture (tryptic soy broth, 4 h at 40 degrees C) and administered at final dilutions of 10, 100, or 1,000 cfu to day-of-hatch poults. Forty-eight hours later, poults were challenged with 100 to 1,000 cfu antibiotic-resistance-marked Salmonella enteritidis PT 13A by oral gavage. Five days later, all poults were killed, and cecal tonsils were aseptically removed for tetrathionate enrichment (24 h at 37 degrees C) followed by selective plating with marker antibiotics. Selected lactose-negative, antibiotic-resistant colonies typical of Salmonella were further confirmed by serogrouping. Treatment-related protection ranged from 0 to 100% in three experiments. Greatest protection was related to the lowest concentrations of the protective microflora in each experiment. These data suggest that effective combinations of competitive enteric microflora can be identified by appropriate in vitro selection methods.
Femtosecond Dynamics of Superconducting and Spin-Density Wave Gaps in Pnictides (2011)

We study Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 by combined ellipsometry and ultrabroadband terahertz pump-probe experiments. The distinctive destruction/recovery dynamics of the superconducting and spin density wave gaps as well as coherent oscillations are resolved.
Photo-orientation Processes in Liquid Crystalline Polymethacrylates with Side Azobenzene Groups Having Lateral Methyl Substituents (2021)

Design of new photoactive materials exhibiting nano-organization aiming for smart practical applications remains an actual and highlighted task. The synthesis and comparative study of chiral liquid crystalline polymethacrylates with azobenzene groups having lateral methyl substituents were carried out to contribute to a better understanding of their structure–property relationship. The synthesized polymers possess the same photochromic fragment and differ in the length of the spacer (m) and the terminal chiral group (n, 6 and 10 methylene units). Racemic analogues of the chiral polymethacrylates were also synthesized and studied. The effects of chirality and length of the spacer of the terminal alkyl groups on the mesomorphic behavior and photo-optical properties were established. Depending on the chemical structure of the variable fragments and chirality, the polymers exhibit the nematic, the cholesteric, the orthogonal smectic A, and other smectic phases. The presence of the lateral methyl substituent in the photochrome/mesogen fragment leads to a significant decrease in isotropization temperature compared with the same azobenzene-containing polymers without lateral substitution. The photo-orientation processes under illumination with polarized visible light (457 nm) are studied for the amorphousized films of the investigated liquid crystalline polymethacrylates. It was found that an increase in the spacer length leads to an increase in the value of photoinduced dichroism (ΔD = 0.28). The maximal photoinduced dichroism is independent of the length of the terminal chiral group. The maximal dichroism (D = 0.78) under polarized visible light irradiation is found for the polymers with m = 10 and n = 6. Upon annealing the irradiated polymer films at room temperature, a reversible change in the dichroism value was observed. Chirality plays a significant role in the relaxation behavior of the irradiated enantiopure and racemic films of polymers with a long spacer and alkyl tail (10 methylene units).
A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Cyano-2-methylpyridines under Ultrasonic Irradiation (1988)

Abstract Ultrasonic irradiation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 1a–i with acetonitrile in the presence of potassium t-butoxide gave 3-cyano-2-methylpyridines 2a–i in moderate to good yields. The pyridines are produced by a Michael reaction of 3-iminobutanonitrile, an acetonitrile dimer, to the substrates 1a–i.