gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgG Subclass Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Splenectomized, Otherwise Normal, Individuals (1990)

Subclasses of IgG antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide serotype antigens 4, 6A, and 23F were measured before and 4 weeks after vaccination with pneumococcal vaccine in young individuals splenectomized because of trauma and in a control group. An ELISA technique was applied. IgG2 anti-pneumococcal antibodies predominated before vaccination, especially against serotypes 4 and 6A. The youngest individuals in the splenectomy group tended to have lower IgG2 anti-pneumococcal antibody levels than the older ones. Vaccination induced antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses, and in some individuals also of the IgG4 subclass. Splenectomy does not seem to influence the IgG subclass pattern of antipneumococcal antibodies.
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Online books, complementary social media and crowdsourcing (2011)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the BooksOnline 2011 Workshop on Research Advances in Large Digital Book Repositories and Complementary Media. This year, the fourth edition of the workshop series places strong emphasis on the social dimension of reading and explores the role of social media in enhancing digital libraries and online digital book repository services.

Online social networks and services have seen a tremendous increase in popularity in recent years. They enable a fast growing population of users to connect, socialize, and share data and experiences on the Web, as well as support users in working together, contributing towards common goals. Examples of such online social movements around books and book repositories include various efforts of cataloguing and sharing home library records and systems that elicit and share book recommendations and reviews. A related recent phenomenon is that of crowdsourcing, which aims to harness the abilities of communities or crowds of people to complete otherwise daunting tasks such as correcting OCR errors in whole libraries of digitized books. Such social interactions and resulting social media hold the potential to revolutionize online publishing and digital libraries.

These themes are reflected in the topics chosen by our keynote speakers. We are honoured to have as our keynote speakers Adam Farquhar, Head of Digital Library Technology at the British Library and Ville Miettinen, founder and CEO of Microtask, a Finnish company specialised in commercializing technology for distributing digital labour. Ville Miettinen, who has been leading the digitization efforts of the Finnish National Library, will discuss the challenges of introducing human computation into heterogeneous large-scale digitization workflows. Adam Farquhar will address the transition from digital libraries as a means of supporting traditional book repositories to digital publishing.

The social dimension of online publishing and reading is also reflected in the work of several authors who contributed research or position papers to the workshop. Overall, the program consists of a high-quality selection of papers that focus on: 1) Technological innovations in the fields of information retrieval and information extraction that further the usability and engagement of digital books in order to better exploit the capabilities of digital media rather than inheriting the limitations of conventional print media, and 2) Methodologies and studies of changes in reading behaviour as a consequence of societal and technological developments that can guide further innovation. We hope that you will find this program interesting and thought-provoking and that the workshop will provide you with a valuable opportunity to share ideas with other researchers and practitioners from institutions around the world.
Smooth transition and ripple reduction in 4-switch non-inverting buck-boost power converter for WCDMA RF power amplifier (2008)

In this paper, smooth transition between buck and boost modes in 4-switch non-inverting buck-boost power converter is investigated. It is shown, both theoretically and on an experimental converter prototype, how pulse-width modulator (PWM) maximum and minimum duty cycle limitations can result in pulse skipping at the mode transition and substantial increases in the output voltage ripple. This is a very significant problem when the converter is used as a power supply for WCDMA RF power amplifiers. An approach is proposed to achieve smooth mode transition by overlapping buck and boost modes of operation. The approach results in much reduced output voltage ripple, at the expense of reduced efficiency, as demonstrated on the experimental prototype.
Ultranarrow conducting channels defined in GaAs-AlGaAs by low-energy ion damage (1987)

We have laterally patterned the narrowest conducting wires of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) material reported to date. The depletion induced by low-energy ion etching of GaAs-AlGaAs 2DEG structures was used to define narrow conducting channels. We employed high voltage electron beam lithography to create a range of channel geometries with widths as small as 75 nm. Using ion beam assisted etching by Cl2 gas and Ar ions with energies as low as 150 eV, conducting channels were defined by etching only through the thin GaAs cap layer. This slight etching is sufficient to entirely deplete the underlying material without necessitating exposure of the sidewalls that results in long lateral depletion lengths. At 4.2 K, without illumination, our narrowest wires retain a carrier density and mobility at least as high as that of the bulk 2DEG and exhibit quantized Hall effects. Aharonov–Bohm oscillations are seen in rings defined by this controlled etch-damage patterning. This patterning technique holds promise for creating one-dimensional conducting wires of even smaller sizes.
IL-10, regulatory T cells, and Kupffer cells mediate tolerance in concanavalin A–induced liver injury in mice (2007)

The liver appears to play an important role in immunological tolerance, for example, during allo-transplantation. We investigated tolerance mechanisms in the model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced immune-mediated liver injury in mice. We found that a single injection of a sublethal ConA dose to C57BL/6 mice induced tolerance toward ConA-induced liver damage within 8 days. This tolerogenic state was characterized by suppression of the typical Th1 response in this model and increased IL-10 production. Tolerance induction was fully reversible in IL-10−/− mice and after blockade of IL-10 responses by anti-IL10R antibody. Co-cultures of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+CD25− responder cells revealed Treg from ConA-tolerant mice being more effective in suppressing polyclonal T cell responses than Treg from control mice. Moreover, Treg from tolerant but not from control mice were able to augment in vitro IL-10 expression. Depletion by anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (MAb) indicated a functional role of Tregs in ConA tolerance in vivo. Cell depletion studies revealed Tregs and Kupffer cells (KC) to be crucial for IL-10 expression in ConA tolerance. Studies with CD1d−/− mice lacking natural killer T (NKT) cells disclosed these cells as irrelevant for the tolerogenic effect. Finally, cellular immune therapy with CD4+CD25+ cells prevented ConA-induced liver injury, with higher protection by Treg from ConA-tolerized mice. Conclusion : The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is crucial for tolerance induction in ConA hepatitis and is mainly expressed by CD4+CD25+ Treg and KC. Moreover, Tregs exhibit therapeutic potential against immune-mediated liver injury.
Small rural operators techno-economic analysis to bring mobile services to isolated communities: The case of Peru Amazon rainforest (2020)

A large number of rural communities in developing countries do not have access to communications services, unlike urban areas where these services have rapidly grown. This connectivity gap is mainly caused by the urban-oriented business models of traditional operators, which are not cost-effective in regions that are characterized by isolation, low population density, and scarcity of resources. This paper analyzes a feasible and sustainable strategy to deploy mobile communications services (voice and data) in isolated communities in developing countries with less than 1000 inhabitants by combining appropriate low-cost technologies and an innovative business model fostered by recent regulation. This innovative model is based on the legal figure of the SRO (Small Rural Operator), which is specifically oriented to reach small communities in isolated rural areas. The results are based on a real deployment in 6 communities of the Peruvian Amazon, which was carried out by a consortium of universities, NGOs (Non-Government Organizations), and cellular operators. This deployment allowed us to obtain practical information on the cost structure of mobile networks in isolated areas, characterize the rural demand and the revenues associated with it, and understand how the business model of traditional operators could be adapted. This information permitted us to propose, implement and validate the SRO approach. The paper shows the results of this research and provides some lessons learned. The main conclusion is that the recent Peruvian regulation opened a niche market for SROs who want to offer services in isolated communities with less than 1000 inhabitants.
CSI-Secured Orthogonal Jamming Method for Wireless Physical Layer Security (2014)

In this paper, we propose a new cooperative jamming (CJ) method to prevent eavesdroppers from using beam-formers to suppress the jamming signals. In this method, the broadcasting of system-node channel state information (CSI) is first averted. The transmitting and jamming signals are then aligned in two separate single dimensions in complex space. The decode-and-forward relaying protocol is employed.The proposed method is more effective than current CJ techniques.
Transcriptome and epigenome diversity and plasticity of muscle stem cells following transplantation (2020)

Adult skeletal muscles are maintained during homeostasis and regenerated upon injury by muscle stem cells (MuSCs). A heterogeneity in self-renewal, differentiation and regeneration properties has been reported for MuSCs based on their anatomical location. Although MuSCs derived from extraocular muscles (EOM) have a higher regenerative capacity than those derived from limb muscles, the molecular determinants that govern these differences remain undefined. Here we show that EOM and limb MuSCs have distinct DNA methylation signatures associated with enhancers of location-specific genes, and that the EOM transcriptome is reprogrammed following transplantation into a limb muscle environment. Notably, EOM MuSCs expressed host-site specific positional Hox codes after engraftment and self-renewal within the host muscle. However, about 10% of EOM-specific genes showed engraftment-resistant expression, pointing to cell-intrinsic molecular determinants of the higher engraftment potential of EOM MuSCs. Our results underscore the molecular diversity of distinct MuSC populations and molecularly define their plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues. These findings provide insights into strategies designed to improve the functional capacity of MuSCs in the context of regenerative medicine.
Neuroendoscopic surgery in children: an analysis of 200 consecutive procedures (2013)

Patients' age and etiology of hydrocephalus were associated with a different outcome. In all cases, surgical experience is extremely important to reduce complications.
The Language of the Divine “I” (1961)

Journal Article The Language of the Divine “I” Get access MARTIN J. BUSS MARTIN J. BUSS **MARTIN J. BUSS is Assistant Professor of Bible and Religion at Emory University. This paper was read at the National Meeting of the NABI at Union Theological Seminary, New York, December 27–28, 1960, and represents a preliminary attempt at conversation between form criticism and other disciplines Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXIX, Issue 2, April 1961, Pages 102–107, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXIX.2.102 Published: 01 April 1961
Biomaterial Hypersensitivity: Is It Real? Supportive Evidence and Approach Considerations for Metal Allergic Patients following Total Knee Arthroplasty (2015)

The prospect of biomaterial hypersensitivity developing in response to joint implant materials was first presented more than 30 years ago. Many studies have established probable causation between first-generation metal-on-metal hip implants and hypersensitivity reactions. In a limited patient population, implant failure may ultimately be related to metal hypersensitivity. The examination of hypersensitivity reactions in current-generation metal-on-metal knee implants is comparatively limited. The purpose of this study is to summarize all available literature regarding biomaterial hypersensitivity after total knee arthroplasty, elucidate overall trends about this topic in the current literature, and provide a foundation for clinical approach considerations when biomaterial hypersensitivity is suspected.
Regulated Histone H3 Proteolysis During Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (2025)

The association of genomic DNA with histone proteins in the three-dimensional structure known as chromatin is the central framework for "epigenetics," which is defined as inherited phenotypes governed by differences that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence. In recent years, studies have shown that regulated changes in the chemical and physical properties of chromatin often lead to dynamic changes in many cellular processes, including development and differentiation, by affecting the accessibility of the genomic information stored in the DNA. The cell uses many different mechanisms to regulate chromatin in order to establish, maintain, and propagate patterns of gene expression that are necessary for proper development and differentiation. Many of these mechanisms involve the histone component of chromatin, both through chemical and structural changes of the histone proteins themselves and via complex interactions with other non-histone chromatin proteins. Here, in my thesis work, I describe how a few of these chromatin regulatory mechanisms are used during mammalian differentiation, specifically focusing on those involving histone H3. First, in Chapter 2, I describe how certain non-histone chromatin proteins that are key to development specifically interact with modified histones using biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches. Next, in Chapter 3, I describe how chromatin undergoes specific, dramatic changes as cells lose their capacity for self-renewal and proceed toward a specific lineage using a mouse embryonic stem cell model of differentiation and early embryonic development. These changes involve both the post-translational modification of histone H3 and the incorporation of different H3 variant proteins into the chromatin fiber. Finally, I describe the observation that differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells proteolytically cleave histone H3 and identify a protease that accomplishes this cleavage.
((Diethylamino)ethyl)chitins: preparation and properties of novel aminated chitin derivatives (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT((Diethylamino)ethyl)chitins: preparation and properties of novel aminated chitin derivativesKeisuke Kurita, Yoshiyuki Koyama, Satoshi Inoue, and Shinichiro NishimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 11, 2865–2869Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00213a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00213a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Field Design Concept for Second Interaction Region of the Electron-Ion Collider (2022)

Efficient realization of the scientific potential of the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) calls for addition of a future second Interaction Region (2nd IR) and a detector in the RHIC IR8 region after the EIC project completion. The second IR and detector are needed to independently cross-check the results of the first detector, and to provide measurements with complementary acceptance. The available space in the existing RHIC IR8 and maximum fields achievable with NbTi superconducting magnet technology impose constraints on the 2nd IR performance. Since commissioning of the 2nd IR is envisioned in a few years after the first IR, such a long time frame allows for more R on the Nb₃Sn magnet technology. Thus, it could provide a potential alternative technology choice for the 2nd IR magnets. Presently, we are exploring its potential benefits for the 2nd IR performance, such as improvement of the luminosity and acceptance, and are also assessing the technical risks associated with use of Nb₃Sn magnets. In this paper, we present the current progress of this work.
Dip Pen Nanolithography: A Desktop Nanofabrication Approach Using High-Throughput Flexible Nanopatterning (2009)

Abstract Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope tip is used to transfer molecules to a surface via a solvent meniscus. This technique allows surface patterning on scales of under 100 nanometres. DPN is the nanotechnology analog of the dip pen (also called the quill pen), where the tip of an atomic force microscope cantilever acts as a “pen,” which is coated with a chemical compound or mixture acting as an “ink,” and put in contact with a substrate, the “paper.” DPN enables direct deposition of nanoscale materials onto a substrate in a flexible manner. The vehicle for deposition can include pyramidal scanning probe microscope tips, hollow tips, and even tips on thermally actuated cantilevers. Recent advances have demonstrated massively parallel patterning using two-dimensional arrays of 55,000 tips, depicted below. Applications of this technology currently range through chemistry, materials science, and the life sciences, and include such work as ultra high density biological nanoarrays, additive photomask repair, and brand protection for pharmaceuticals.
Stress fracture risk analysis of the human femur based on computational biomechanics (2004)

The lack of predictive tools to assess the relative risk of stress fracture injury has posed a great challenge for military readiness and competitive athletic training. This article presents a methodology of assessing such risks using computational models and biomechanical stress analysis in a human femur. Preliminary results have demonstrated the capability of our methodology in studying the effect of risk factors as independent variables, which would be very difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish by any other means. We have shown that certain geometric features are significant risk factors for femoral neck stress fracture. Further development of our methodology will enable more accurate prediction of stress fracture risk and will help in the design of optimal training regimens to minimize the risk of injury.
Evolution of basal plane dislocations during 4H-silicon carbide homoepitaxy (2005)

A method based on the combination of molten KOH etching and reactive ion etching was developed to track dislocations from 4H-silicon carbide homoepilayer to the substrate. The conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to threading edge dislocations (TEDs) was found to occur at the epilayer/substrate interface. The BPDs with dislocation lines parallel (or approximately parallel) to the off-cut direction may propagate as BPDs into the epilayer, while those with dislocation lines forming large angles (&amp;gt;10°) with the off-cut direction will get converted to TEDs. A model is proposed to explain the observations.
Comparison of techniques for estimating shear-wave velocity in arterial wall using shear-wave elastography - FEM and phantom study (2015)

Shear-wave elastography (SWE) enables noninvasive and quantitative evaluation of the mechanical properties of human soft tissue. Generally, shear wave velocity (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</inf> ) can be estimated using the time-of-flight method (TM). Young's modulus is then calculated directly from the estimated C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</inf> . However, because shear waves in thin-layered media (e.g., arterial walls) propagate as guided waves, C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</inf> cannot be accurately estimated using the general TM. To overcome this problem, the Lamb-theory-based method (LM) was recently proposed. In this study, we performed both experimental and finite-element (FE) analyses to evaluate the advantage of LM over TM. In FE analysis, we investigated why the general TM is ineffective for thin-layered media. In phantom experiments, C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</inf> results estimated using the two methods were compared for 1.5% and 2% agar plate and tube phantoms. The results indicated good agreement between LM (plate phantoms 5.0m/s for 1.5% agar and 7.2m/s for 2% agar; tube phantoms 5.3m/s for 1.5% agar and 7.3m/s for 2% agar) and SWE measurements (bulk phantoms 5.3m/s ± 0.27 for 1.5% agar and 7.3m/s ± 0.54 for 2% agar).
SecPump: A Connected Open-Source Infusion Pump for Security Research Purposes (2020)

This letter presents SecPump, a new open-source wireless infusion pump platform dedicated to security researchers. The novelty of the platform is that it is “plug and play.” Indeed, SecPump simulates a functional infusion pump system on a single board without requiring additional hardware or mechanical components. The presented cyber-physical platform intends to provide a framework for security evaluation, tailored for countermeasure development against security flaws related to medical devices. This letter presents the functionality of the cyber-physical device, its wireless features, and its portability across several hardware architectures. Finally, both hardware and software attacks are showcased on the platform.
DoD Investment Strategy for Vacuum Electronics R&D and Investment Balance for RF Power Vacuum Electronics and Solid State R&D (2001)

Abstract : A TRI-Service Investment Strategy and Balance is described for the DoD's needs for RF Power Electronic Components.