gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yield Analysis by Error Propagation Using Numerical Derivatives Considering WD and D2D variations (2007)

In nanometer scale CMOS parameter variations are a challenge for the design of high yield integrated circuits. This work presents an accurate and computer efficient methodology for statistical modeling of circuit blocks. The model handles co-variances between parameters and supports WD and D2D variations. Using numerical error propagation techniques, it computes the statistical parameters that can be applied at higher level analysis tools, as for instance statistical timing analysis tools. Moreover, we develop a methodology to compute the sensitivity of the circuit output variance to each random variable. This method can be employed by the designer or by an automatic tool in order to improve circuit yield. The methodology for yield analysis proposed in this work is shown to be a solid alternative to traditional Monte Carlo analysis, reducing by orders of magnitude the number of electrical simulations required to characterize memory cells, logic gates and small combinational blocks at electric level. As a case study, we model the yield loss of a SRAM memory due to variability in access time considering variance in threshold voltage and channel width. The results obtained using the proposed model are compared with statistical results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. A speedup of 70times is achieved, with errorless than 1%
The autochrome process (1994)

Abstract The autochrome was the first successful commercial colour process. It was invented by Louis and Auguste Lumiere at the tum of the century, patented in 1903 and produced until the 1950s on a sheet film called ‘Filmcolor’. Many articles were published between 1903 when the autochrome process was unveiled to the public, and 1935 when the decline of the screen process began and the first colour films with chromogenic development appeared. There are detailed deseriptions of the plate's range of use, its characteristies and processing, but these publications are very sketchy as to the nature of the components. The most detailed documents, on which this article is based, are the ‘report on the titles and work of Louis Lumiere’ published in 1918, the factory notebooks written by Louis Lumiere or M. Perrigot,1 and the archives of the Lumiere firm, which are now scattered in various locations.
Caractérisation des propriétés électriques a l'échelle nanométrique de diélectriques en couche mince par C-AFM sous UHV (2010)

National audience
How home ventilation rates affect health: A literature review (2018)

This paper reviews studies of the relationships between ventilation rates (VRs) in homes and occupant health, primarily respiratory health. Five cross-sectional studies, seven case-control studies, and eight intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Nearly all studies controlled for a range of potential confounders and most intervention studies included placebo conditions. Just over half of studies reported one or more statistically significant (SS) health benefits of increased VRs. Wheeze was most clearly associated with VR. No health outcomes had SS associations with VRs in the majority of statistical tests. Most studies that reported SS health benefits from increased VRs also had additional health outcomes that did not improve with increased VRs. Overall, the number of SS improvements in health with increased VRs exceeded the anticipated chance improvements by approximately a factor of seven. The magnitude of the improvements in health outcomes with increased VRs ranged from 20% to several-fold improvements. In summary, the available research indicates a tendency for improvements in respiratory health with increased home VRs; however, health benefits do not occur consistently and other exposure control measures should be used together with ventilation. The research did not enable identification of a threshold VR below which adverse health effects occur.
Analysis of the truck transportation of eucalyptus logging residues to Portuguese power plants (2019)

Transportation of logging residues (LR) from eucalyptus plantations to regional bioenergy plants may incur high unit costs that restrict their removal from the forest, aggravating fire risk. This paper compares the cost of truck transportation of eucalyptus LR in Portugal, for alternative operational plans, aiming to improve biomass supply efficiency and to promote cost reduction. The following factors were analyzed: (1) the relation between truck configuration, biomass physical characteristics and payload, and (2) the relation between the transportation cost of a unit of mass and of a unit of heat and the biomass moisture content (MC). Direct transport of LR before comminution, with a 70 m3 semi-trailer, achieves 65% of the maximum payload, for the mean MC of 42%, and the cost represents46% of the payload value. Direct transport of shredded biomass with a 77 m3 semi-trailer achieves 76% of the maximum payload (mean MC of 43%) and the cost represents a fraction up to 62% of the payload value. Using a 90 m3 semi-trailer the payload increases to 80% of the maximum and the transportation cost decreases to less than 42% of the biomass value. For small scale logging operations a two echelon supply system promotes efficiency, allowing centralized shredding after additional natural drying that improves the quality of fuel, and involves a transportation cost of 10€ Mg−1 (MC of 43%) for a total distance of 33 km.
Extended Alkylate Production Activity during Fixed-Bed Supercritical 1-Butene/Isobutane Alkylation on Solid Acid Catalysts Using Carbon Dioxide as a Diluent (1998)

Employing a molar excess of carbon dioxide (Pc = 71.8 bar; Tc = 31.1 °C), supercritical 1-butene/isobutane alkylation is performed at temperatures lower than the critical temperature of isobutane (<135 °C), resulting in virtually steady alkylate (trimethylpentanes and dimethylhexanes) production on both microporous zeolitic (H−USY) and mesoporous solid acid (sulfated zirconia) catalysts for experimental durations of up to nearly 2 days. At a space velocity of 0.25 g of 1-butene/g of catalyst/h, a feed CO2/isobutane/olefin ratio of 86:8:1, 50 °C, and 155 bar, roughly 5% alkylate yield (alkylates/C5+) and 20% butenes conversion are observed at steady state. The ability of the carbon dioxide based supercritical reaction mixtures to mitigate coking and thereby to maintain better pore accessibilities is also evident from the narrow product spectrum (confined to C8's), the lighter color of the spent catalyst samples, and relatively low surface-area and pore-volume losses (<25%) in the spent catalysts. For identical weight hourly 1-butene space-velocity and feed isobutane/olefin ratios, the alkylate formation declines continuously with time when the reaction is carried out without employing carbon dioxide. At the high temperatures (>135 °C) required for supercritical operation without carbon dioxide, cracking and coking reactions are dominant as inferred from the rather wide product spectrum and extensive surface area/pore volume losses (up to 90%) in the spent catalysts. The carbon dioxide based, fixed-bed, solid acid alkylation process shows promise as an environmentally safer alternative to conventional alkylation that employs liquid acids.
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Additions of (Benzotriazol-1-yl)diethoxymethane to Enol Ethers and Enamides. New Syntheses of β-Alkoxyalkanal and β-Aminoalkanal Acetals (1997)

Addition of (benzotriazol-1-yl)diethoxymethane 11 to various acyclic and cyclic enol ethers and enamides produces the corresponding adducts, which were reacted with either NaAlH(4) or Grignard reagents to afford acyclic acetal-ethers (18a-f), cyclic alpha-(substituted)-beta-acetals (19a-c), amino-acetals (24a,b), and 1,3-amino-ethers (25), all known but previously difficult-to-access classes of compounds.
Multidimensional Clutter Filter Optimization for Ultrasonic Perfusion Imaging (2018)

Combinations of novel pulse-echo acquisitions and clutter filtering techniques can improve the sensitivity and the specificity of power Doppler (PD) images, thus reducing the need for exogenous contrast enhancement. We acquire echoes following bursts of Doppler pulse transmissions sparsely applied in regular patterns over long durations. The goal is to increase the sensitivity of the acquisition to slow disorganized patterns of motion from the peripheral blood perfusion. To counter a concomitant increase in clutter signal power, we arrange the temporal echo acquisitions into two data-array axes, combine them with a spatial axis for the tissue region of interest, and apply 3-D singular-value decomposition (SVD) clutter filtering. Successful separation of blood echoes from other echo signal sources requires that we partition the 3-D SVD core tensor. Unfortunately, the clutter and blood subspaces do not completely uncouple in all situations, so we developed a statistical classifier that identifies the core tensor subspace dominated by tissue clutter power. This paper describes an approach to subspace partitioning as required for optimizing PD imaging of peripheral perfusion. The technique is validated using echo simulation, flow-phantom data, and in vivo data from a murine melanoma model. We find that for narrow eigen-bandwidth clutter signals, we can routinely map phantom flows and tumor perfusion signals at speeds less than 3 mL/min. The proposed method is well suited to peripheral perfusion imaging applications.
Compact pulsed power requirements for high power microwaves (2001)

The ability to generate high power microwaves (HPM) is closely intertwined with the development of pulsed power. Early HPM concepts utilized traditional microwave tubes driven by intense relativistic electron beam sources. By definition, pulsed power is required to generate these intense beams. Whereas HPM sources have since evolved to the point that fairly compact sources or “tubes” have been developed through joint experimentation and computational simulations, the pulsed power used to “drive” them are still fairly large and bulky. In this regard, the future of HPM development and deployment depends critically on advances leading to compact and lightweight pulsed power systems. In this paper, the author describes advances in compact pulsed power drivers, including schemes such as novel stacked Blumlein transmission lines, that are capable of driving loads with impedance characteristics of state-of-the-art HPM sources. In addition, he describes advances in solid state components that have led to the development of all-solid state modulators. The focus of the paper identifies outstanding issues that are critical to the further development of compact pulsed power systems to drive HPM sources. (4 pages)
ChemInform Abstract: ESTER‐AUSTAUSCH MITTELS MOLEKUELSIEBEN (1970)

Abstract Die Ester‐Alkoholyse, bei welcher der verdrängte Alkohol an Molekülsieben des Typs Aselektiv adsorbiert wird und die in Gegenwart der Alkalimetallalkoholate des verdrängenden Alkohols als Katalysator erfolgt, wird untersucht.
“High Temperature Gas Separation Membranes in Coal Gasification” (2009)

In this work we investigate the proof of concept of metal (Cobalt) doped silica membranes for H2/CO2 separation in single and multi tube membrane modules, in addition to a membrane reactor (MR) configuration for the high temperature water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The membranes were prepared by a sol-gel process using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol and H2O2 with cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)26H2O). The membranes delivered high H2/CO2 single gas selectivity up to 131. A multi tube membrane module was tested up to 300 ∘C and 4 atmospheres for 55 days (1344 hours) for binary feed gas mixtures containing H2 and CO2 at 40:60 concentration ratio. The best membrane performance delivered H2 purity in excess of 98%. For the high temperature water gas shift reaction and a ternary mixture of 40% (H2), 40% (CO2) and 20% (CO), which is equivalent to 67.5% CO conversion, the membrane delivered a permeate stream containing 92.5% H2. The membranes complied with a flux temperature dependency mechanism, as H2 permeation had a positive energy of activation whilst CO2 was negative. As a result, H2 permeation and separation to other gases increased with temperature. In turn, this effect was combined with high CO conversion for the water gas shift reaction, thus allowing for high throughput of H2 production and separation in a single processing step. The process integration provided by this work is potentially beneficial for the next generation of high temperature processing unit operations in low emissions coal gasification.
Tridimensional profile functions in structure analysis of crystalline fibers by the "whole-pattern" method. Dependence on crystal size and crystallite orientation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTridimensional profile functions in structure analysis of crystalline fibers by the "whole-pattern" method. Dependence on crystal size and crystallite orientationPio Iannelli and Attilio ImmirziCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 8, 2375–2380Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00210a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00210a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the selection of an optimal wavelet basis for texture characterization (2000)

Although most of the theoretical and implementation aspects of wavelet based algorithms in texture characterization are well studied and understood, many issues related to the choice of filter bank in texture processing remain unresolved. The impact of the wavelet basis has been mentioned in a few papers, whereas other more detailed investigations have considered only the choice of the wavelet basis in image coding. For example, regularity, number of vanishing moments and a shift variance degree have been used for the filter evaluation in image coding, but the utility of all these metrics in texture analysis has not yet been established. Therefore, the scope of this paper was to investigate whether the properties of decomposition filters play an important role in texture description, and which feature is dominant in the selection of an optimal filter bank. We performed classification experiments with 23 Brodatz textures. Our investigation shows that the selection of the decomposition filters has a significant influence on the result of texture characterization. Finally, the paper ranks 19 orthogonal and biorthogonal filters, and establishes the most relevant criteria for choice of decomposition filters in wavelet-based texture characterization algorithms.
The Role of Incretins on Insulin Function and Glucose Homeostasis (2021)

The incretin effect-the amplification of insulin secretion after oral vs intravenous administration of glucose as a mean to improve glucose tolerance-was suspected even before insulin was discovered, and today we know that the effect is due to the secretion of 2 insulinotropic peptides, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). But how important is it? Physiological experiments have shown that, because of the incretin effect, we can ingest increasing amounts of amounts of glucose (carbohydrates) without increasing postprandial glucose excursions, which otherwise might have severe consequences. The mechanism behind this is incretin-stimulated insulin secretion. The availability of antagonists for GLP-1 and most recently also for GIP has made it possible to directly estimate the individual contributions to postprandial insulin secretion of a) glucose itself: 26%; b) GIP: 45%; and c) GLP-1: 29%. Thus, in healthy individuals, GIP is the champion. When the action of both incretins is prevented, glucose tolerance is pathologically impaired. Thus, after 100 years of research, we now know that insulinotropic hormones from the gut are indispensable for normal glucose tolerance. The loss of the incretin effect in type 2 diabetes, therefore, contributes greatly to the impaired postprandial glucose control.
A 3D Coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical THM Model Using EDFM and XFEM for Hydraulic-Fracture-Dominated Geothermal Reservoirs (2021)

Abstract Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are those geothermal reservoirs artificially fractured to create paths for injected low-temperature fluid which is then heated up along the flow path until production for electricity generation. This heat recovery involves three tightly coupled processes: thermal, hydraulic and mechanical which interacts with each other and in turn affects the energy production. The local temperature field would be disturbed by injected fluid, resulting in thermal/poroelastic responses near the hydraulic fractured area which are the dominant factors of fluid flow. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) was adopted to describe the geometry of the fracture and simulate fluid flow and heat transfer between fractures and the matrix, while mechanics, including displacement of the strong discontinuity (fractures), was solved by the 3D eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). With the capability of modeling fractures of arbitrary shapes within a 3D reservoir domain using 3D EDFM-XFEM, a coupled THM model was developed based on the unconditionally stable fixed-stress split sequential-implicit method, where the fluid flow/heat transfer module and mechanics module are solved iteratively until convergence within a time step. Fluid flow/heat transfer and XFEM with internal/external tractions are both validated by comparison with existing simulators. We conducted simulations for two synthetic geothermal reservoir heat recovery cases to investigate the effects of the injection temperature and boundary traction condition on the production temperature and fracture deformation. The results indicate that the fracture aperture and permeability are sensitive to temperature variation and hence impact the production rate/temperature. Thermal strain might be the dominant factor of rock deformation, especially in the shallow depth where geostress is at a low level.
Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice (2017)

Fluoridation of drinking water and dental products prevents dental caries primarily by inhibiting energy harvest in oral cariogenic bacteria (such as <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>), thus leading to their depletion. However, the extent to which oral and gut microbial communities are affected by host fluoride exposure has been underexplored. In this study, we modeled human fluoride exposures to municipal water and dental products by treating mice with low or high levels of fluoride over a 12-week period. We then used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess fluoride's effects on oral and gut microbiome composition and function. In both the low- and high-fluoride groups, several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to acidogenic bacterial genera (such as <i>Parabacteroides</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, and <i>Bilophila</i>) were depleted in the oral community. In addition, fluoride-associated changes in oral community composition resulted in depletion of gene families involved in central carbon metabolism and energy harvest (2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the glyoxylate cycle). In contrast, fluoride treatment did not induce a significant shift in gut microbial community composition or function in our mouse model, possibly due to absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Fluoride-associated perturbations thus appeared to have a selective effect on the composition of the oral but not gut microbial community in mice. Future studies will be necessary to understand possible implications of fluoride exposure for the human microbiome. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Fluoride has been added to drinking water and dental products since the 1950s. The beneficial effects of fluoride on oral health are due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause dental caries. Despite widespread human consumption of fluoride, there have been only two studies of humans that considered the effect of fluoride on human-associated microbial communities, which are increasingly understood to play important roles in health and disease. Notably, neither of these studies included a true cross-sectional control lacking fluoride exposure, as study subjects continued baseline fluoride treatment in their daily dental hygiene routines. To our knowledge, this work (in mice) is the first controlled study to assess the independent effects of fluoride exposure on the oral and gut microbial communities. Investigating how fluoride interacts with host-associated microbial communities in this controlled setting represents an effort toward understanding how common environmental exposures may potentially influence health.
A shifting bloom filter framework for set queries (2016)

Set queries are fundamental operations in computer systems and applications. This paper addresses the fundamental problem of designing a probabilistic data structure that can quickly process set queries using a small amount of memory. We propose a Shifting Bloom Filter (ShBF) framework for representing and querying sets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ShBF using three types of popular set queries: membership, association, and multiplicity queries. The key novelty of ShBF is on encoding the auxiliary information of a set element in a location offset. In contrast, prior BF based set data structures allocate additional memory to store auxiliary information. We conducted experiments using real-world network traces, and results show that ShBF significantly advances the state-of-the-art on all three types of set queries.