gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Source Coding Techniques for Lossless Compression of Hyperspectral Images (2007)

This paper deals with the application of distributed source coding (DSC) theory to remote sensing image compression. Although DSC exhibits a significant potential in many application fields, up till now the results obtained on real signals fall short of the theoretical bounds, and often impose additional system-level constraints. The objective of this paper is to assess the potential of DSC for lossless image compression carried out onboard a remote platform. We first provide a brief overview of DSC of correlated information sources. We then focus on onboard lossless image compression, and apply DSC techniques in order to reduce the complexity of the onboard encoder, at the expense of the decoder's, by exploiting the correlation of different bands of a hyperspectral dataset. Specifically, we propose two different compression schemes, one based on powerful binary error-correcting codes employed as source codes, and one based on simpler multilevel coset codes. The performance of both schemes is evaluated on a few AVIRIS scenes, and is compared with other state-of-the-art 2D and 3D coders. Both schemes turn out to achieve competitive compression performance, and one of them also has reduced complexity. Based on these results, we highlight the main issues that are still to be solved to further improve the performance of DSC-based remote sensing systems.
Type-II heterostructures of α-V2O5 nanowires interfaced with cadmium chalcogenide quantum dots: Programmable energetic offsets, ultrafast charge transfer, and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (2019)

We synthesized a new class of heterostructures by depositing CdS, CdSe, or CdTe quantum dots (QDs) onto α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanowires (NWs) via either successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) or linker-assisted assembly (LAA). SILAR yielded the highest loadings of QDs per NW, whereas LAA enabled better control over the size and properties of QDs. Soft and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional theory calculations revealed that all α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/QD heterostructures exhibited Type-II band offset energetics, with a staggered gap where the conduction- and valence-band edges of α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> NWs lie at lower energies (relative to the vacuum level) than their QD counterparts. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed that the Type-II energetic offsets promoted the ultrafast (10<sup>-12</sup>-10<sup>-11</sup> s) separation of photogenerated electrons and holes across the NW/QD interface to yield long-lived (10<sup>-6</sup> s) charge-separated states. Charge-transfer dynamics and charge-recombination time scales varied subtly with the composition of heterostructures and the nature of the NW/QD interface, with both charge separation and recombination occurring more rapidly within SILAR-derived heterostructures. LAA-derived α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/CdSe heterostructures promoted the photocatalytic reduction of aqueous protons to H<sub>2</sub> with a 20-fold or greater enhancement relative to isolated colloidal CdSe QDs or dispersed α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> NWs. The separation of photoexcited electrons and holes across the NW/QD interface could thus be exploited in redox photocatalysis. In light of their programmable compositions and properties and their Type-II energetics that drive ultrafast charge separation, the α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/QD heterostructures are a promising new class of photocatalyst architectures ripe for continued exploration.
Evaluation of the Sensidyne toxic gas sensor for HF (hydrogen fluoride) vapor (1987)

A diffusion-type electrochemical sensor is evaluated for the detection of hydrogen fluoride (HF) vapor, both for use as an area monitor safety device and as a stack gas monitor. Response characteristics of individual sensor assemblies are variable, but with frequent, proper calibration, the Sensidyne HF Toxic Alert device is demonstrated to provide accurate, sensitive, and relatively rapid response to this contaminant. We describe a calibration flow cell and gas permeation apparatus capable of delivering a predictable (and easily confirmed) concentration of contaminant to the sensor in a safe manner. 20 refs., 14 figs., 14 tabs.
Tool Support for Decision and Usage Knowledge in Continuous Software Engineering (2018)

Continuous software engineering copes with frequent changes and quickly evolving development projects while maintaining a high software quality. Developers require knowledge about former and ongoing decisions as well as about the users' needs to evolve software. Thus, decision and usage knowledge are two important knowledge types in continuous software engineering. Issue tracking and version control systems are widely used in continuous software engineering but lack a structured approach to integrate decision and usage knowledge. In this paper, we present ideas and requirements for a tool support to manage decision and usage knowledge in continuous software engineering. As a first step, we introduce the JIRA DecDoc plug-in for documenting decision knowledge.
Selective oxidation of steroidal allylic alcohols using pyrazole and pyridinium chlorochoromate (1984)

ABASTRACT: This paper presents a modified method for the selective oxidation of allylic alchols. Pyrazole, when used with pyridinium chlorochromate, is a mild and useful reagent system for the rapid and selective oxidation of steroidal allylic alcohols to the corresponding α, β-unsaturated ketones. The reaction of each substrate was carried out by adding the oxidant to a dry methylene chloride solution containing pyrazole and an allylic alchol. This report is the first on the use of pyrazole to augment selective oxidation by a chronium (VI) reagent.
Effect of diadenosine polyphosphates on catecholamine secretion from isolated chromaffin cells (1990)

1. The action of several diadenosine polyphosphates (AP3A, AP4A and AP5A) on basal, and on nicotine- and high K(+)-evoked, catecholamine (CA) release has been investigated. Each of the three diadenosine polyphosphates weakly but significantly increased basal CA secretion. This enhancement represented about 10% of the response evoked by 2 microM nicotine. 2. The evoked secretory response to diadenosine polyphosphates had an absolute requirement for extracellular Ca2+. 3. In contrast, these compounds had an inhibitory action on nicotine-evoked release. This response was concentration-dependent, EC50 values being 3.2 +/- 0.4 microM, 4.0 +/- 1.6 microM and 19.3 +/- 4.0 microM for AP3A, AP4A, and AP5A, respectively. The lower the concentration of nicotine used to evoke secretion, the higher the inhibitory power of these compounds. 4. The CA secretion evoked by K(+)-rich solutions was further enhanced by AP3A and AP5A, whereas AP4A inhibited it. The possible physiological role of these dual actions is discussed.
A power combined amplifier module in W-band (2013)

The design of a 2-way power-combined amplifier module based on GaAs MMIC power amplifiers from Northrop Grumman is presented. The module incorporates WR-10 waveguide quadrature hybrids as power splitting/combining structures to achieve higher output power than a single amplifier-based module for driving Schottky diode-based frequency-multiplied terahertz sources.
Targeting of Liposomes Within Cardiovascular System (1997)

Our studies on the targeting of liposomes and liposome-associated pharmaceuticals within the cardiovascular system are reviewed. The delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents in plain liposomes, immunoliposomes, long-circulating liposomes and long-circulating immunoliposomes into the sites of vascular injuries and myocardial infarction is discussed. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments present a general view on the advantages and limitations of using liposome-mediated targeting. Liposomes capable of targeting pathological areas of the blood vessel wall both, in vitro and ex vivo are described, as well as liposome able to be internalized by normal endothelial cells. Liposome-mediated drug targeting to compromised myocardium is reviewed with a primary impact on liposomes with anti-cardiac myosin antibodies. Targeted visualization of myocardial infarction with diagnostic liposomes is discussed. Efficient accumulation of long-circulating immunoliposomes in the infarct zone is demonstrated, and a relative importance of different variables, such as liposome size, targetability, and prolonged circulation time, for target accumulation is analyzed. The use of immunoliposomes for targeted sealing of hypoxia-caused damages in plasmic membranes of cardiocytes is considered as a new approach in the therapeutic use of liposomes.
Rat mir-155 generated from the lncRNA Bic is ‘hidden’ in the alternate genomic assembly and reveals the existence of novel mammalian miRNAs and clusters (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional gene expression regulators in many physiological and pathological conditions. During the last few years, many novel mammalian miRNAs have been predicted experimentally with bioinformatics approaches and validated by next-generation sequencing. Although these strategies have prompted the discovery of several miRNAs, the total number of these genes still seems larger. Here, by exploiting the species conservation of human, mouse, and rat hairpin miRNAs, we discovered a novel rat microRNA, mir-155. We found that mature miR-155 is overexpressed in rat spleen myeloid cells treated with LPS, similarly to humans and mice. Rat mir-155 is annotated only on the alternate genome, suggesting the presence of other "hidden" miRNAs on this assembly. Therefore, we comprehensively extended the homology search also to mice and humans, finally validating 34 novel mammalian miRNAs (two in humans, five in mice, and up to 27 in rats). Surprisingly, 15 of these novel miRNAs (one for mice and 14 for rats) were found only on the alternate and not on the reference genomic assembly. To date, our findings indicate that the choice of genomic assembly, when mapping small RNA reads, is an important option that should be carefully considered, at least for these animal models. Finally, the discovery of these novel mammalian miRNA genes may contribute to a better understanding of already acquired experimental data, thereby paving the way to still unexplored investigations and to unraveling the function of miRNAs in disease models.
Drug therapy in human and experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (2002)

During the past 30 years, over 60 different chemical compounds have been used to treat experimental animals infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), including a wide variety of anti-infectious agents, immunomodulating drugs, and chemicals interacting with the lympho-reticular system. Some compounds achieved a prolongation of the incubation period, but this effect decreased or disappeared when they were administered at or near the onset of symptomatic disease. Recent in vitro and tissue culture studies support earlier speculation about the importance of a chemical structure containing both water-soluble and lipid-soluble components, evidently as a means of interaction with the misfolded membrane-bound 'prion' protein. A number of compounds shown to eliminate the protein (or infectivity) in TSE-infected tissue cultures are the subject of ongoing studies in animals, and are under consideration for human drug trials. As with other recalcitrant infections, combinations of drugs with different modes of action are likely to be necessary for any effective therapy. Also, very recent work in developing antibodies that can neutralize in vitro infection (and, in conjunction with genetic engineering, in vivo infection) has renewed interest in the strategies of both active and passive immunization.
Acetogenic Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Part 156. Two Atropisomeric N‐Methyldioncophyllines A and N‐Methylphylline, Their Naphthalene‐Free Heterocyclic Moiety, from Ancistrocladus barteri (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Online Disinformation Opera (2021)

This article looks at how the Internet and social media feed disinformation and fake news to nonreality-based communities.
Influence of External Ligands and Auxiliaries on the Reactivity of Low-Valent Titanium in McMurry Reaction:  Selectivity and Mechanistic Profile (1996)

Influence of various external ligands/auxiliaries on the reductive carbonyl coupling reactions mediated by low-valent titanium (LVT) reagents (McMurry coupling) has been explored. The LVT species generated from Tyrlik's TiCl3−Mg−THF system has been selected for the reactivity-tuning trials. Our studies show that incorporation of about 10 equiv of pyridine (a π-acceptor ligand) with respect to TiCl3 to the THF solvated LVT reagent could arrest the reductive dimerization of acetophenone at the intermediate pinacol stage. Modulation of the LVT-species by covalently-binding monohydroxy, 1,2- and 1,3-dihydroxy auxiliaries also resisted deoxygenation completely to give the pinacols in higher yields and better diastereoselectivity, as compared to pyridine-modified LVT system. Amongst these modified reagents, the LVT−catechol (1:1) system was found to be the most efficient combination for total pinacolization of aromatic carbonyl compounds, even under refluxing conditions. The actual titanium reagent responsible for this transformation is proposed to be a Ti(II) complex formed in situ. Further enhancement of stereoselectivity (threo-selectivity) of the pinacols has been achieved by carrying out the reactions with LVT-complexes modified by a variety of covalently-linking auxiliaries at low temperatures. The results demonstrate that by the judicious incorporation of various ligands/auxiliaries into LVT reagents it is possible to widen the scope and applicability of the classical McMurry reaction.
Bone turnover during short‐term therapy with methylprednisolone or budesonide in Crohn’s disease (1998)

Short-term methylprednisolone therapy impairs osteoblast activity in patients with Crohn's disease whereas budesonide does not.
Chromosomal translocation t(8;12) induces aberrant HMGIC expression in aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva (2001)

Benign mesenchymal neoplasms associated with rearrangements of the DNA architectural factor gene HMGIC on chromosome 12 include lipomas, uterine leiomyomata, pulmonary chondroid hamartomas, endometrial polyps, salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, and breast fibroadenomas. Although HMGIC also has been implicated in the pathobiology of aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva, the molecular mechanisms pertaining to this neoplasm are unclear. Tissue from a recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma was investigated by cytogenetic and expression analysis for HMGIC and HMGIY. The trypsin-Giemsa-banded karyotype showed a clonal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 12 [46,XX,t(8;12)(p12;q15)]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with whole chromosome paint probes for chromosomes 8 and 12 excluded cryptic involvement of other chromosomes. The chromosome 12 breakpoint was mapped with two-color FISH analysis using cosmid probes at the 5' and 3' termini of HMGIC. Both cosmid probes showed hybridization to the normal chromosome 12 and the der(12) chromosome, indicating that the breakpoint was 3' (telomeric) to the gene. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed HMGIC expression in the tumor, and immunohistochemistry localized HMGIC expression to the tumor's spindle cells. Like numerous benign mesenchymal tumors, this locally aggressive tumor is associated with rearrangements near or within HMGIC, but chimeric gene formation was not required for tumorigenesis. Inappropriate expression of this DNA binding protein, however, may be important in the pathobiology of this tumor. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanism may also be helpful in developing new diagnostic tools for identifying residual disease.
Symposium review: Nutrition strategies for improved health, production, and fertility during the transition period (2020)

Dairy cow nutritional programs are a major determinant of the profitability of dairy farms. Despite this, the sustainability of the dairy enterprise is beyond just cow nutrition. For almost 50 yr, the NC-2042 project (Management Systems to Improve the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Dairy Enterprises) has been addressing most of these components as individual research units and in integrated ways. This review has the objective to report the body of research developed by members of the group in connection with the existing literature on dietary formulation and feeding management during the dry period, peripartal period, and early postpartum (fresh) period. Peak disease incidence (shortly after parturition) corresponds with the time of greatest negative energy balance (NEB), the peak in blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, and the greatest acceleration of milk yield. Decreased fertility in the face of increasing milk production may be attributable to greater severity of postpartal NEB resulting from inadequate transition management or increased rates of disease. The depth and duration of NEB is highly related to dry matter intake. Periparturient diseases can result from adverse ruminal conditions caused by excessive grain in the precalving or fresh cow diet, perhaps aggravated by overcrowding, heat stress, or other stressors. Others have also implicated inflammatory responses in alterations of metabolism, occurrence of health problems, and impaired reproduction. Providing controlled-energy and negative dietary cation-anion difference diets prepartum may improve dairy cow performance during the transition period. A major area of concern in the fresh cow period is a sudden increase in dietary energy density leading to subacute ruminal acidosis, which can decrease dry matter intake and digestibility of nutrients. Adequate physical form of the diet, derived from either forage neutral detergent fiber content or a mixing strategy of different ingredients in a total mixed ration, must be present to stimulate ruminal activity and chewing behavior. In conclusion, formulation and delivery of appropriate diets that limit total energy intake to requirements but also provide proper intakes of all other nutrients (including the most limiting amino acids Met and Lys) before calving can help lessen the extent of NEB after calving. Effects of such diets on indicators of metabolic health are generally positive, suggesting the potential to lessen effects of periparturient disease on fertility.
Purification and Characterization of Cell Growth Factor in Bovine Colostrum. (1996)

Bovine colostrum has growth factor activity for stimulating DNA synthesis in calf kidney epithelial cells (CKT-1), Madincanine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) and rat L6 myoblasts (L6), of which the DNA stimulation level and the activity change with the time elapsed after the birth of a calf varied with their respective cells. The growth factor activity of colostrum for CKT-1 was stable regardless of the collection time of colostrum, and it was purified about 3,650-fold in an overall yield of 1.2% from colostrum obtained 30 min after the birth of a calf. The purified growth factor had a molecular weight (MW) of 5,000 and an isoelectric point of pH 9.7, and the amino acid composition was: Asx5, Thr2, Ser4, Glx14, Pro2, Gly4, Ala4, Val2, Ile, Leu2, Tyr, Phe, Lys, His and Arg. The stimulated DNA synthesis in CKT-1 and L6 by the addition of purified growth factor at a final concentration of 16ng/ml was as the same extent as calf serum at a final concentration of 1.52 mg/ml, and the relative activity for CKT-1 was even greater than that for L6.
Modelo probabilístico para la producción categorial (2002)

Up to now, the production paradigm has been used to obtain category norms. However, this data could be very useful to understand how the information is recovered from the semantic memory. This paper presents a probabilistic model to describe the category production based on a production paradigm. This model describes the developmental changes in the mechanisms for searching and recovering of information in the semantic memory. Six hundred normal children (from 6 to 11 years old) were asked to generate examples of a category. Once the model was fitted, the entropy was calculated. The results show that as the child grows they use more rich and flexible strategies.
Plasmonic Focusing with Coaxial Illuminated by Radially Polarized Light (2008)

We propose and analyze a plasmonic lens consisting of a circular coaxial aperture illuminated by radially polarized light with the same symmetry as the structure. Focusing is enhanced by using Bragg grating eliminating off-focus SPP propagation.
Structure of the Wake of a Magnetic Obstacle (2007)

We use a combination of numerical simulations and experiments to elucidate the structure of the flow of an electrically conducting fluid past a localized magnetic field, called magnetic obstacle. We demonstrate that the stationary flow pattern is considerably more complex than in the wake behind an ordinary body. The steady flow is shown to undergo two bifurcations (rather than one) and to involve up to six (rather than just two) vortices. We find that the first bifurcation leads to the formation of a pair of vortices within the region of magnetic field that we call inner magnetic vortices, whereas a second bifurcation gives rise to a pair of attached vortices that are linked to the inner vortices by connecting vortices.
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture outcomes after more than two decades: A case series (2023)

Proximal humerus fractures can be fixed with shoulder hemiarthroplasty when joint preserving strategies are not feasible. Current literature has explored the outcomes of this intervention with short- and mid-term follow-up showing favorable results. However, since humerus fractures can occur in young individuals, it is important that we understand the long-term outlook of this treatment option. Five patients who had fractures of the proximal humerus underwent shoulder hemiarthroplasty here. At a average follow-up of 24.5 years, all patients were found to have acceptable patient-reported outcomes sustained range of motion, and no patient required a revision procedure. Patients achieved an average of 50°, T12, and 125° for external rotation, internal rotation, and forward elevation, respectively. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test, Visual Analog Scale scores were 74/100, 8/12, and 2/10 on average, respectively. None of the five patients were found to have infection or wound complications. Radiographs showed that no patient had identifiable humeral lucency or glenohumeral joint inferior or anterior subluxation. Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a viable surgical intervention for comminuted proximal humeral fractures. Over the long-term (i.e., >20 years), patients can expect sustained improvements in shoulder range of motion and acceptable function.
Automated Cytochemistry in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A New Method for Determination of Cells from Lymph Node Biopsy (1986)

Cell suspension prepared from the lymph node biopsy of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), metastatic carcinoma (MC) and non-neoplastic lymphadenopathies (NL) were analyzed by the Hemalog D, automated differential counter. The preparation of lymph node cells is described first in this study. The results show that the percentage of large cells (diameter greater than 13.5 micron) stained negatively with peroxidase (LUC, large unstained cells) was remarkably increased in patients with NHL (mean +/- SEM = 18.6 +/- 3.1%) and was particularly increased in the subgroup, diffuse histiocytic type (31.1 +/- 5.3%). Patients with MC had a raised percentage of nonspecific esterase-positive cells (9.2 +/- 1.4%) compared to patients in the NHL and NL groups. Patients in the NL group had low percentages of both LUC (5.3 +/- 0.7%) and nonspecific esterase-positive cells (1.8 +/- 0.2%). Quantitation of cells in the lymph node by using the Hemalog D may assist in the diagnosis of lymph node diseases.