gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blocking tri-methylguanosine synthase 1 (TGS1) stops anchorage-independent growth of canine sarcomas (2023)

Tri methylguanosine synthase 1 (TGS1) is the enzyme that hyper methylates the hallmark 7-methyl-guanosine cap (m7G-cap) appended to the transcription start site of RNAs. The m7G-cap and the eIF4E-cap binding protein guide canonical cap-dependent translation of mRNAs, whereas hyper methylated cap, m2,2,7G-cap (TMG) lacks adequate eIF4E affinity and licenses entry into a different translation initiation pathway. The potential role for TGS1 and TMG-capped mRNA in neoplastic growth is unknown. Canine sarcoma has high translational value to the human disease. Cumulative downregulation of protein synthesis in osteosarcoma OSCA-40 was achieved cooperatively by siTGS1 and Torin-1. Torin-1 inhibited the proliferation of three canine sarcoma explants in a reversible manner that was eliminated by siRNA-downregulation of TGS1. TGS1 failure prevented the anchorage-independent growth of osteo- and hemangio-sarcomas and curtailed sarcoma recovery from mTOR inhibition. RNA immunoprecipitation studies identified TMG-capped mRNAs encoding TGS1, DHX9 and JUND. TMG-tgs1 transcripts were downregulated by leptomycin B and TGS1 failure was compensated by eIF4E mRNP-dependent tgs1 mRNA translation affected by mTOR. The evidence documents TMG-capped mRNAs are hallmarks of the investigated neoplasms and synergy between TGS1 specialized translation and canonical translation is involved in sarcoma recovery from mTOR inhibition. Therapeutic targeting of TGS1 activity in cancer is ripe for future exploration.
Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the prostate (1986)

In 46 radical prostatectomy specimens, carcinoma volume and Gleason histologic grade were compared among 21 cancers containing Grade 3 cribriform areas and 25 noncribriform carcinomas. All cribriform cancers but only 44% of the noncribriform cancers were larger than 1.7 ml. Grade 4-5 areas were present in 86% of cribriform cancers and 36% of noncribriform cancers. All 17 cancers larger than 4.0 ml contained Grade 4-5 areas, and 15 of these showed cribriform areas. By contrast, noncribriform Grade 3 areas were found in 45 of 46 carcinomas. In most cases, cribriform carcinoma was predominantly intraductal; cell masses either followed normal duct contours or showed a basal cell layer by routine microscopic study or by immunohistochemical staining for basal cell-specific keratin. Seven cases showed primary origin of cribriform carcinoma within ducts by evolution from intraductal dysplasia, a presumptive premalignant lesion. It was proposed that cribriform carcinoma is equivalent to intraductal Grade 4 cancer, and that many Grade 4 prostate cancers may evolve directly from an identifiable intraductal precursor.
Direct, spatial, and dexterous interaction with see-through 3D desktop (2012)

Despite advances in 3D sensing and display technologies, our interactions with desktop interfaces have remained stagnant from the form that evolved under 2D I/O modalities. HoloBook enables users to manage windows with their hands in a 3D physical space. HoloBook is a term for the entire ensemble of necessary components for realizing this spatial operating environment: visualizations of the desktop rendered on a see-through display, technologies and physical design for emulating collocated 3D input and output space.
Identification of subcellular compartments containing peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase in rat anterior pituitary (1995)

Both soluble and integral membrane forms of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) are expressed in the rat anterior pituitary, making it an ideal model system for studying the routing of proteins into secretory granules. To identify the subcellular compartments involved in the routing of integral membrane PAM, we used subcellular fractionation, metabolic labeling and immunoblot analysis. Mature secretory granules were found to contain full-length integral membrane PAM along with a significant amount of soluble PAM generated by endoproteolytic cleavage. PAM proteins were not co-distributed with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity during sucrose gradient centrifugation, indicating that the trans-Golgi/TGN is not a major PAM-containing compartment at steady state. Fractionation of the 4,000 g and 10,000 g pellets obtained by differential centrifugation identified a significant amount of integral membrane PAM in a light fraction lacking soluble secretory granule proteins. Metabolic labeling experiments with primary anterior pituitary cells demonstrated that integral membrane PAM enters a light compartment with similar properties only after exit from the trans-Golgi/TGN. Comparison of the metabolic labeling and immunoblot analyses suggests that PAM in this post-trans-Golgi/TGN compartment is in organelles involved in the intracellular recycling of integral membrane PAM. Small amounts of full-length integral membrane PAM were also recovered in fractions containing internalized transferrin and may be in an endosomal compartment following retrieval from the cell surface.
Leptin inhibits the anti-CD3-driven proliferation of peripheral blood T cells but enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines (2002)

Abstract There is increasing evidence that leptin affects immune responses and that in the absence of leptin, immunity is suboptimal. Most data so far indicate that leptin increases proinflammatory immune responses by an effect on T cells and macrophages. Here we show that, under certain circumstances, leptin can inhibit T cell proliferative responses. Separation of the responding T cells into different subpopulations revealed an interesting heterogeneity of cellular behavior in that naïve and memory T cells were differentially affected by leptin. The anti-CD3-driven proliferation of memory T cells was inhibited by leptin, whereas that of naïve T cells was markedly enhanced. Despite the inhibition of proliferation of the memory T cells, their production of interferon-γ was substantially increased. These data show that leptin can inhibit certain immune responses in vitro. However, despite this inhibition of proliferation, the production of proinflammatory cytokines is significantly enhanced by leptin. The findings demonstrated here show further complexity in the actions of leptin on the immune system.
Bayesian approach to spectrophotometric analysis of multicomponent substances (2000)

The spectrophotometric analysis of a chemical substance is based on the interpretation of the measurement data acquired by means of a spectrophotometer, i.e., on estimation of the concentrations of its components. In this paper, a Bayesian approach to the estimation of those concentrations is proposed. Its effective application requires a considerable amount of statistical a priori information, viz., the probability density functions characterizing the distributions of the concentrations, of the errors in the data, and of the residual components in the analyzed substance whose concentrations are not estimated. The proposed approach is studied using synthetic data generated on the basis of some real-world reference spectra. The results of study are compared with those obtained by means of the currently used method for estimation of concentrations, viz., constrained least-squares curve fitting.
Functionalization of phosphazenes. 1. Synthesis of phosphazene materials containing hydroxyl groups (1992)

In this paper we report the synthesis of 4-hydroxyphenol (hydroquinone)-substituted phosphazene materials, i.e., hexakis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)cyclophosphazene and poly[bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phosphazene], by reaction of 4-methoxyphenoxy-substituted cyclo-and polyphosphazenes with an excess of BBr3. An alternative method is based on a Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation under pressure of other phosphazene substrates bearing 4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy substituents. In the case of cyclic phosphazene derivatives, both these reactions take place very smoothly, while a dramatic decrease of the molecular weight is observed for the phosphazene high polymers during the reaction of poly[bis(4-methoxyphenoxy)phosphazene] with boron tribromide and during the hydrogenation process of the poly[bis(4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy)phosphazene]. In the case of poly[bis(4-methoxyphenoxy)phosphazene], the deblocking reaction of the methoxy group can be modulated to introduce in the phosphazene substrate a predictable amount of OH groups. The successive functionalization of the produced free hydroxyl functions in the phosphazene oligomers and polymers is also discussed by considering the acetylation of these groups as a prototype process for the phosphazene substrates. © 1992, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Strain Profile and Size Dependent Electronic Band Structure of GeSn/SiSn Quantum Dots for Optoelectronic Application (2014)

We study self-assembled GeSn/SiSn quantum dots for optoelectronic application in the Silicon photonics domain. Valence force field and k.p methods are used to investigate the strain distribution and band structure with size effect.
Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von Chaetocin (1970)

Abstract The structure and absolute configuration of Chaetocin, a metabolite of the fungus Chaetomium minutum with antibacterial and cytostatic activity has been elucidated by chemical and X ‐ray methods.
Biothermodynamics: The Study of Biochemical Processes at Equilibrium (1983)

Discusses the history and biological processes of thermodynamics. The first half of the book covers theoretical aspects of thermodynamic principles which will aid in understanding biochemical processes. Later chapters deal with the interpretation of data obtained from biochemical reactions, ligand binding, and calorimetric measurements on biological systems.
Phenolic Composition of Authentic Pineapple Juice (2002)

ABSTRACT: The phenolic composition of authentic pineapple juice concentrate was analyzed by HPLC. Nine major peaks accounting for 70% of total peak area were characterized and their concentrations measured in 54 commercial samples. Means and standard deviations were as follows (mg/100 mL single‐strength juice, normalized to 12.8 °Brix): tyrosine, 3.6(1.4); serotonin, 1.8(0.8); dimethylhydroxylfuranone, 1.4(0.7); dimethylhydroxylfuranone β‐glucoside, 6.2(3.0); tryptophan, 2.2(0.9); S‐sinapyl‐L‐cysteine, 1.1(0.6); N‐γ‐L‐glutamyl‐S‐sinapyl‐L‐cysteine, 2.3(1.1); S‐sinapyl glutathione, 5.4(1.4); and a p ‐coumaric acid‐like phenolic compound (calculated as p ‐coumaric acid), 0.5(0.4). This information will be useful for evaluation of authenticity and quality.
Network Topology of a Hybrid Organic Zinc Phosphate with Bimodal Porosity and Hydrogen Adsorption (2009)

Fill 'er up! A nanoporous hybrid organic zinc phosphate (see picture; ∞[Zn2PO4] columns dark blue) with amine (gray) and aryl carboxylate ligands (cyan) incorporated into the structure has an unusual bimodal porosity and hydrogen gas storage ability.
Non-Invasive Fluidic Glucose Detection Based on Dual Microwave Complementary Split Ring Resonators With a Switching Circuit for Environmental Effect Elimination (2020)

In this paper, a microwave fluidic glucose sensor based on dual complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) with a switching circuit is proposed for non-invasive and continuous glucose concentration detection. A CSRR has been designed to detect subtle changes in the dielectric constant of glucose solutions, and the electric field distribution is utilized to determine the effective sensing region. In a well-controlled environment, the glucose concentration can be detected by tracking the transmission coefficient of the designed CSRR. However, because the variations in dielectric constant with the glucose concentration are very small, the environmental factors (i.e., ambient temperature and relative humidity) can be dominant compared to the glucose concentration. To qualify the effect of the environmental factors, the variation in the transmission coefficient of the CSRR has been measured when the ambient temperature condition is varied from 293 K to 313 K and the relative humidity is varied from 30% to 90% inside temperature- and humidity-controlled chamber. Moreover, the environmental effects are calibrated out using two identical CSRRs with the switching circuit: one detects changes in the glucose concentration, while the other operates as a reference for environmental factors. After the elimination of the environmental effects, glucose concentrations in the range of 0 mg/dL to 400 mg/dL have been measured, and the sensitivity is 0.008dB/(100mg/dL). In addition, the reproducibility of the proposed sensor is verified by repeated measurements. It is demonstrated that the proposed sensor can detect glucose concentrations under practical environmental conditions.
The relationship between serum lipoprotein (a) and Restenosis after initial elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possible link between lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and the occurrence of restenosis after initial elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Serum lipids, including Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio were examined in 63 consecutive patients (41 men and 22 women, average age 63 +/- 8 years) who underwent initial elective PTCA in our department. Forty two target lesions were in left anterior descending, 10 were in left circumflex and 11 were in right coronary branches. Restenosis was observed in 22 patients (35%) 6.4 +/- 2.6 months after PTCA. The serum Lp(a) level was significantly higher in the restenosis group than in the non-restenosis group (38.0 vs 19.9 mg/dl, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between serum Lp(a) levels and the degree of % restenosis after PTCA (r = 0.557, p < 0.001). However, other lipids showed no significant relationship to restenosis. In addition, the % stenosis before PTCA was found to be related to the occurrence of restenosis after successful PTCA. We conclude that the serum Lp(a) level has a close correlation with the degree of % restenosis after PTCA, and may be a useful index for predicting the possibility of restenosis after PTCA, especially in patients with an Lp(a) level above 30 mg/dl.
Orion Handling Qualities During ISS Proximity Operations and Docking (2011)

NASA's Orion spacecraft is designed to autonomously rendezvous and dock with many vehicles including the International Space Station. However, the crew is able to assume manual control of the vehicle s attitude and flight path. In these instances, Orion must meet handling qualities requirements established by NASA. Two handling qualities assessments were conducted at the Johnson Space Center to evaluate preliminary designs of the vehicle using a six degree of freedom, high-fidelity guidance, navigation, and control simulation. The first assessed Orion s handling qualities during the last 20 ft before docking, and included both steady and oscillatory motions of the docking target. The second focused on manual acquisition of the docking axis during the proximity operations phase and subsequent station-keeping. Cooper-Harper handling qualities ratings, workload ratings and comments were provided by 10 evaluation pilots for the docking study and 5 evaluation pilots for the proximity operations study. For the docking task, both cases received 90% Level 1 (satisfactory) handling qualities ratings, exceeding NASA s requirement. All ratings for the ProxOps task were Level 1. These evaluations indicate that Orion is on course to meet NASA's handling quality requirements for ProxOps and docking.
A Survey of Hardware Trojan Detection, Diagnosis and Prevention (2015)

Hardware Trojans (HTs) can be implanted in security-weak parts of a chip with various means to steal the internal sensitive data or modify original functionality, which may lead to huge economic losses and great harm to society. Therefore, it is very important to perform hardware Trojan detection and diagnosis, find potential safety hazards and apply protection techniques in the whole IC design cycle, in order to enhance the security of chips. In this paper, we elaborate an IC market model, and describe the potential HT threats faced by the parties involved in the model. Then we survey the recent research advances in the countermeasures against HT attacks, which are classified into HT detection, diagnosis and prevention. Finally, the challenges and prospects for HT defense are illuminated.
C1C60F16O: A Fluorofullerene Ether Having Exceptionally Long Chromatographic Retention (2004)

Abstract From the product of fluorination of [60]fullerene with K2PtF6 at 470 °C, we have isolated a small quantity (ca. 0.5 mg) of C60F16O, an oxahomofluorofullerene (ether) of exceptionally long HPLC retention time (50% greater than any other known fluorofullerene). The 19F NMR spectrum consists of 16 main lines and 8 minor ones, due to C60F16O (a single isomer of C 1 symmetry) and C60F16, respectively. The presence of the latter (absent on initial isolation) indicates this ether to be relatively unstable, confirmed by the failure to obtain an EI mass spectrum. The empirical formula was therefore determined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry in the negative‐ion mode, the laser fluence being carefully adjusted at the threshold of ion formation, whence the only observable signal corresponded to the molecular ion of C60F16O. At slightly higher laser fluence, the base peak of C60F16O·− is accompanied by C60F16 ·− and C60F15O·−. Two closely similar structures (of similar calculated stabilities) are fully consistent with the NMR data. Calculated dipole moments and the exceptionally long retention HPLC retention times suggest that both C60F16 and C60F16O may be dimers.
7-(1-Acetoxymethylidene)Benzonorbornadiene: A Versatile Reagent for the Synthesis of 7-Formyl and 7-Hydroxymethyl Benzonorbornadienes (2001)

7-(1-Acetoxymethylidene)benzonorbornadiene 3, prepared in one step by the addition of benzyne to 6-acetoxyfulvene 2, is hydrolysed in acid solution to form a 3:2-epimeric mixture of syn- and anti- 7-formylbenzonorbornadienes 4 and 5, respectively; the corresponding 7-hydroxymethylbenzonorbornadienes 6 and 9 were produced by reduction of the formyl isomers with sodium borohydride.
A novel interpolation scheme for quincunx-subsampled images (2003)

Image interpolation tries to produce a higher-resolution image from an original image with a lower resolution. In this paper, we introduce a frequency-domain zero-masking technique to set a sufficient number of high-frequency transformed coefficients of an image block to zero, based on which an image interpolation scheme for the quincunx sub-sampling lattice is derived. This interpolation scheme finds solid support from the human visual system that is less sensitive to high frequencies than to low frequencies. Its superiority over other existing schemes has been examined under various circumstances where no coding is applied to the original image or the original image is coded at a (very) low bit-rate.
Assessment of convection, hot‐air combined with microwave‐vacuum and freeze‐drying methods for mushrooms with regard to product quality (2011)

Summary Combined drying of hot air and microwave‐vacuum has been proposed as an alternative method to improve the quality of dried mushrooms, especially the structural and textural properties. In the present study, the effect of different drying methods namely, convective hot‐air drying, hot air combined with microwave‐vacuum drying and freeze‐drying on qualitative attributes of pretreated mushrooms was investigated. The quality assessment was based on colour, texture, density, porosity and rehydration characteristics of the dried mushrooms. Combined drying of hot air and microwave‐vacuum resulted in a dried product of superior quality when compared to the slices dried completely by conventional hot air, exhibiting lower overall colour variation, higher porosity, greater rehydration ratio and softer texture. In a dry state, mushrooms with a puffy structure and unique crispy texture were created by the combined drying method, which might be considered as important characteristics for developing nonfat snack‐type food products.
Transport Spectroscopy of Symmetry-Broken Insulating States in Bilayer Graphene (2011)

The flat bands in bilayer graphene(BLG) are sensitive to electric fields E\bot directed between the layers, and magnify the electron-electron interaction effects, thus making BLG an attractive platform for new two-dimensional (2D) electron physics[1-5]. Theories[6-16] have suggested the possibility of a variety of interesting broken symmetry states, some characterized by spontaneous mass gaps, when the electron-density is at the carrier neutrality point (CNP). The theoretically proposed gaps[6,7,10] in bilayer graphene are analogous[17,18] to the masses generated by broken symmetries in particle physics and give rise to large momentum-space Berry curvatures[8,19] accompanied by spontaneous quantum Hall effects[7-9]. Though recent experiments[20-23] have provided convincing evidence of strong electronic correlations near the CNP in BLG, the presence of gaps is difficult to establish because of the lack of direct spectroscopic measurements. Here we present transport measurements in ultra-clean double-gated BLG, using source-drain bias as a spectroscopic tool to resolve a gap of ~2 meV at the CNP. The gap can be closed by an electric field E\bot \sim13 mV/nm but increases monotonically with a magnetic field B, with an apparent particle-hole asymmetry above the gap, thus providing the first mapping of the ground states in BLG.
Enhanced thermal degradation stability of the Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor by ultra-thin Al2O3 coating through the atomic layer deposition technique in a fluidized bed reactor (2019)

Enhanced thermal degradation stability of the Sr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>N<sub>8</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor by ultra-thin Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coating through FB-ALD.
Los economistas como filósofos mundanos (2013)

Mientras que las principales figuras de la historia de la economía la concibieron como una ciencia inseparable de la filosofía y de otras ciencias humanas, en las últimas décadas se ha producido un movimiento hacia la transformación de la economía en una disciplina esencialmente técnica, con áreas de investigación estrechamente especializadas. Si bien es cierto que la especialización ha permitido realizar un gran progreso en la ciencia económica, los hechos que han ocurrido en los últimos años relacionados con la crisis financiera, sustentan los argumentos de quienes plantean la necesidad de desarrollar foros de interacción interdisciplinaria y aspirar a una visión más amplia de la economía como ciencia.