gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics Flow Modeling and in Vitro Toxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (2009)

This study investigated the behavior of ferrofluids containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) of various compositions for potential applications in drug delivery and imaging. To ensure biocompatibility, the interaction of these SPION with two cell lines (adhesive and suspended) was also investigated using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The cell lines studied were primary mouse connective tissue cells (adhesive) and human leukemia cells (suspended). SPION were synthesized with a co-precipitation method under different stirring rates and NaOH molarities. The SPION demonstrated a range of magnetic saturations due to their different shapes, which included magnetite colloidal nanocrystal clusters (CNC’s), magnetic beads, and single-coated nanoparticles. All synthesized SPION maintained reasonable cell viability following exposure to cells. Flow cytometer tests showed that no apoptosis took place in cells exposed to SPION. A multiphysics numerical model was developed to study the dynamic behavior of ferrofluids containing the SPION in a blood vessel while under an externally applied magnetic field. Simulation results suggest that the SPION magnetic properties and the strength of the external field are important factors in determining both the shape and amplitude of the resulting ferrofluid velocity field.
BF3–Et2O Promoted Heteronucleophilic Addition Reactions for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical gem-Diarylmethyl Thioethers (2023)

Herein, we present the BF<sub>3</sub>/BF<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> mediated activation of diphenyl phosphite for the formation of thionium ions from aldehydes and thiophenols. These reactive species subsequently undergo reaction with <i>in situ</i> generated phenol, resulting in the synthesis of diarylmethyl thioethers. It was demonstrated that the addition of external phenol in the reaction produced unsymmetrical <i>gem</i>-diarylmethyl thioethers in good yields.
Metabolomics as a Driver in Advancing Precision Medicine in Sepsis (2017)

The objective of this review is to explain the science of metabolomics-a science of systems biology that measures and studies endogenous small molecules (metabolites) that are present in a single biological sample-and its application to the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. In addition, we discuss how discovery through metabolomics can contribute to the development of precision medicine targets for this complex disease state and the potential avenues for those new discoveries to be applied in the clinical environment. A nonsystematic literature review was performed focusing on metabolomics, pharmacometabolomics, and sepsis. Human (adult and pediatric) and animal studies were included. Metabolomics has been investigated in the diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of sepsis, as well as for the identification of drug target opportunities. Metabolomics elucidates a new level of detail when compared with other systems biology sciences, with regard to the metabolites that are most relevant in the pathophysiology of sepsis, as well as highlighting specific biochemical pathways at work in sepsis. Metabolomics also highlights biochemical differences between sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors at a level of detail greater than that demonstrated by genomics, transcriptomics, or proteomics, potentially leading to actionable targets for new therapies. The application of pharmacometabolomics and its integration with other systems pharmacology to sepsis therapeutics could be particularly helpful in differentiating drug responders and nonresponders and furthering knowledge of mechanisms of drug action and response. The accumulated literature on metabolomics suggests it is a viable tool for continued discovery around the pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment of sepsis in both adults and children, and it provides a greater level of biochemical detail and insight than other systems biology approaches. However, the clinical application of metabolomics in sepsis has not yet been fully realized. Prospective validation studies are needed to translate metabolites from the discovery phase into the clinical utility phase.
Engineering Temperature‐Dependent Carrier Concentration in Bulk Composite Materials via Temperature‐Dependent Fermi Level Offset (2017)

Abstract Precise control of carrier concentration in both bulk and thin‐film materials is crucial for many solid‐state devices, including photovoltaic cells, superconductors, and high mobility transistors. For applications that span a wide temperature range (thermoelectric power generation being a prime example) the optimal carrier concentration varies as a function of temperature. This work presents a modified modulation doping method to engineer the temperature dependence of the carrier concentration by incorporating a nanosize secondary phase that controls the temperature‐dependent doping in the bulk matrix. This study demonstrates this technique by de‐doping the heavily defect‐doped degenerate semiconductor GeTe, thereby enhancing its average power factor by 100% at low temperatures, with no deterioration at high temperatures. This can be a general method to improve the average thermoelectric performance of many other materials.
Automatic classification of breathing sounds during sleep (2013)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a highly prevalent condition associated with many adverse health problems. As the current means of diagnosis (polysomnography) is obtrusive and ill-suited for mass screening of the population, we explore a non-contact, automatic approach that uses acoustics-based methods. We present a method for automatically classifying breathing sounds produced during sleep. We compare the performance of several acoustic feature representations for detecting diagnostically-relevant sleep breathing events to predict overall SDB severity. Our subject-independent method tracks rest in the breathing cycle with 84-87% accuracy, and predicts SDB severity at a level similar to polysomnography.
Synthesis of a 2′-(Acetamido)fucobioside (1998)

The 2-azidofucosyl donor 4 was synthesised via a azidonitratisation and stereoselectively α-linked to the benzyl fucoside acceptor 5 by methyl triflate catalysis. The resulting disaccharide 6 could be transformed to the corresponding acetamido derivative and deprotected to 2′-(acetamido)fucobioside 10
Due Process to Adolescents (1994)

Presented in the form of a debate, this volume addresses 19 controversial social, legal and policy issues concerning children and adolescents. Issues explored include parental notification of abortion, grandparent rights, children divorcing their parents, mainstreaming AIDS children and parental leave.
Design and Performance Assessment of a Wideband Smart Antenna Employing Only Spatial Signal Processing (2006)

This paper describes the design and performance assessment of a wideband beamformer which utilizes only spatial signal processing. In order to provide a variable radiation pattern in azimuth over a large frequency band a two-dimensional (2-D) array antenna consisting of wideband antenna elements arranged in a horizontal rectangular lattice is employed. The weighing scheme in this array relies on an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) technique. The obtained weighting coefficients are real numbers which in practice can be realized by amplifiers or attenuators. The paper considers the aspect of directional of arrival (DOA) estimation prior to forming the desired beam. The performance of this wideband smart antenna system is assessed with the use of full EM simulations and measurements
Molecular beacons: colorful analysis of nucleic acids (2002)

The completion of the Humane Genome Project has resulted in an exponential rise in the demand for molecular diagnostic assays. To meet this demand, several innovative technologies have become available for performing homogeneous genetic analyses. For this type of assay, special detector probes are necessary. In 1996, Tyagi and Kramer described fluorogenic hairpin-shaped detector probes, called 'molecular beacons', which are extraordinarily specific. Since they characterize alleles by the generation of fluorescent signals, they are perfectly suited for homogeneous genetic analysis. Molecular beacons assays are simple, fast, inexpensive, sensitive, utilize a high-throughput format, enable the testing of many samples simultaneously and allow the detection of a series of different agents in the same assay tube. This review is designed to give the reader a greater understanding of the exciting applications of molecular beacons in DNA, RNA and protein studies.
Dissociation of cellular K+ accumulation from net Na+ transport by toad urinary bladder (1978)

A number of published data suggest a variable stoichiometry between the rates of cellular potassium uptake and net sodium transport (J Na) across the urinary bladder of the toad. This problem was examined by simultaneously studying the intracellular chemical activity of potassium (a K) with open-tip K+-selective microelectrodes and micropipets, and monitoringJ Na by measuring the short-circuit current (SCC). When bathed in the short-circuited state with solutions containing ana K of 2.7mm, the mean ±sem values for intracellulara K were 43±0.6mm. Ouabain, at a concentration of 10−2 m, reduced intracellulara K by 56–67% and SCC by 96–100%. At 5×10−4 m, ouabain reversibly reduced intracellulara K by 40–55%, and SCC by 63–68%; the inhibition of SCC was only partly reversible during the period of observation. Removal of external potassium reduced intracellulara K by 69–80% and SCC by 51–76%. Restoration of external potassium entirely returned intracellulara K to its control value, but only partially reversed the inhibition of SCC during the period of study. Furthermore, recovery ofa K began 19–43 min before that of SCC; recovery ofa K was 90–97% complete before any increase in SCC could be measured. Although other interpretations are possible, the simplest interpretation of the data is that the processes responsible for potassium accumulation and transepithelial sodium transport are not identical. We propose the existence of a separate transfer mechanism at the basolateral cell membrane, responsible for accumulating intracellular potassium, and not directly coupled to active sodium transport.
A Thermally Tunable 1 × 4 Channel Wavelength Demultiplexer Designed on a Low-Loss Si3N4 Waveguide Platform (2015)

A thermally tunable 1 × 4 channel optical demultiplexer was designed using an ultra low-loss Si3N4 (propagation loss ~3.1 dB/m) waveguide. The demultiplexer has three 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI), where each of the MZI contains two 2 × 2 general interference based multimode interference (MMI) couplers. The MMI couplers exhibit −3.3 dB to −3.7 dB power division ratios over a 50 nm wavelength range from 1530 nm to 1580 nm. The chrome-based (Cr) heaters placed on the delay arms of the MZI filters enable thermal tuning to control the optical phase shift in the MZI delay arms. This facilitates achieving moderately low crosstalk (14.5 dB) between the adjacent channels. The optical insertion loss of the demultiplexer per channel is between 1.5 dB to 2.2 dB over the 1550 nm to 1565 nm wavelength range. Error free performance (BER of 10−12) is obtained for all four 40 Gb/s data rate channels. The optical demultiplexer is an important tool towards building photonic integrated circuits with complex optical signal processing functionalities in the low-loss Si3N4 waveguide platform.
Bending electrostriction in polyurethane films doped with electron acceptors (2007)

Abstract The effect of electron acceptors as dopants on the bending electrostriction of polyurethane (PU) films was studied. The PU films ( ca 0.3 mm thick) doped with 0.5 wt% 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) were bent by application of a 1 MV m −1 electric field. The bending deformation of the TCNQ‐doped film was more than 30 times greater than that of the undoped film. The current and the charge distribution in the films during the application of the field were also measured. Based on these measurements, the mechanism of the doping effect is discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Monitoring of Aerodynamic Load and Detection of Stall in Multi Stage Axial Compressors (1993)

The unsteady flow in a single stage axial flow compressor at different operating conditions has been investigated with hot wire and hot film probes to find out the influence of the aerodynamic compressor load onto the periodic fluctuations. These results are compared with measurements in the last stages of a multi stage high pressure compressor of a gas turbine for normal operation and under stall conditions. From the patterns of the frequency spectra of the measuring signals a parameter for the detection of the approach to the stability line of a compressor is derived. A method for the on line monitoring of the aerodynamic load is presented. Based on these results a monitoring system has been developed. First experiences with this system, applied to two multi stage compressors are reported.
Preoperative plasma fibrinogen, platelet count and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (2012)

Our findings suggest that hyperfibrinogenemia may be a predictor for poor chemo-response and have a potential role as independent prognostic factors in EOC patients.
Structure of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase from Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, a Monomeric Cold Active Enzyme with Local Flexibility around the Active Site and High Overall Stability (2007)

The characteristic of cold-adapted enzymes, high catalytic efficiency at low temperatures, is often associated with low thermostability and high flexibility. In this context, we analyzed the catalytic properties and solved the crystal structure of phenylalanine hydroxylase from the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H (CpPAH). CpPAH displays highest activity with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) as cofactor and at 25 degrees C (15 degrees C above the optimal growth temperature). Although the enzyme is monomeric with a single L-Phe-binding site, the substrate binds cooperatively. In comparison with PAH from mesophilic bacteria and mammalian organisms, CpPAH shows elevated [S(0.5)](L-Phe) (= 1.1 +/- 0.1 mm) and K(m)(BH(4))(= 0.3 +/- 0.1 mm), as well as high catalytic efficiency at 10 degrees C. However, the half-inactivation and denaturation temperature is only slightly lowered (T(m) approximately 52 degrees C; where T(m) is half-denaturation temperature), in contrast to other cold-adapted enzymes. The crystal structure shows regions of local flexibility close to the highly solvent accessible binding sites for BH(4) (Gly(87)/Phe(88)/Gly(89)) and l-Phe (Tyr(114)-Pro(118)). Normal mode and COREX analysis also detect these and other areas with high flexibility. Greater mobility around the active site and disrupted hydrogen bonding abilities for the cofactor appear to represent cold-adaptive properties that do not markedly affect the thermostability of CpPAH.
Progress and remaining challenges in high-throughput volume electron microscopy (2018)

Recent advances in the effectiveness of the automatic extraction of neural circuits from volume electron microscopy data have made us more optimistic that the goal of reconstructing the nervous system of an entire adult mammal (or bird) brain can be achieved in the next decade. The progress on the data analysis side-based mostly on variants of convolutional neural networks-has been particularly impressive, but improvements in the quality and spatial extent of published VEM datasets are substantial. Methodologically, the combination of hot-knife sample partitioning and ion milling stands out as a conceptual advance while the multi-beam scanning electron microscope promises to remove the data-acquisition bottleneck.
Design of a bilinear robust controller for a hydrostatic driver (2011)

이 논문은 비선형 시스템에 대해 bilinear 강인제어기를 설계하는 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 이 설계방법은 골칫거리인 비선형 영향을 나타내는 무거운 질량을 가지고 진동하는 시스템을 제어하기 위한 새로운 대안이고 진전된 방법이다. 이 설계 과정에, hydrostatic 구동기로 구동되는 킬(용골)이 주어진다. 첫 단계로 킬은 물리적으로 여러 한정된 질량으로 모델화된다. 물리적 모델에 근거한 수학적인 모델을 유도하는 방법은 해밀턴 원리를 적용한 유한요소법을 사용하였다. 즉, 수학적 모델은 여러 서브시스템으로 구성된다. 이것은 주어진 물리적인 시스템에 대해 기준이 되는 시스템이다. 회전하는 구동기에 대한 물리적 모델에 근거하여, 과도 거동은 구동기의 베어링에서 측정되는 운동 현상으로부터 유도된다. 물리적인 시스템은 bilinear 시스템으로 구성하였다. 이 시스템에 근거하여, 요트 킬의 거동을 제어하도록 bilinear 관측기를 설계한다. 구동기의 속도, 토크, 밸브에서의 유량 등이 관측기를 구성하는데 필요한 데이터들이다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면 비선형성에 대한 추정과 보상을 통하여 무거운 질량을 갖는 회전축에 대한 위치와 힘을 제어하는 설계에 유용한 접근법임이 증명되었다.
Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis Is a Disease Whereas Mild Endometriosis Could Be Considered a Non‐Disease (1994)

Deeply infiltrating endometriosis can be defined as endometriosis infiltrating deeper than 5 mm under the peritoneal surface. Type I is a conical lesion suggested to be caused by infiltration; type II is mainly caused by retraction of the bowel over the lesion; type III is the most severe lesion suggested to be caused by adenomyosis externa. Severe cases are clinically apparent by nodularities in the pouch of Douglas, whereas mild and subtle forms of deep endometriosis are easily missed. Clinical examination during menstruation and scrutiny at laparoscopy for indurations, followed, preferably, by CO2-laser-excision are the key features for diagnosis and treatment. It is important to realize that depth of infiltration and lateral spread cannot be evaluated by laparoscopic inspection but only during excision, that CA125 concentration but not ultrasound or nuclear magnetic resonance can be helpful in the diagnosis, and that in the most severe cases medical pretreatment is advocated. Results of excision, as evaluated by disappearance of pain in some 80% of women, by a cumulative pregnancy of some 70% and a low recurrence rate, are excellent. The peritoneal fluid is thought to play a key role in the physiopathology of deep endometriosis which is considered to be endometriosis which has escaped from the influence of the peritoneal fluid. This concept is clinically important for the medical treatment of endometriosis, which is suggested to shrink deep lesions and to bring them back under peritoneal fluid control. A model of endometriosis is proposed and discussed. Subtle lesions are considered a natural condition occurring intermittently in all women, whereas we question whether mild endometriosis is a disease. In some women endometriosis has an aggressive behavior and develops into cystic ovarian endometriosis or into deeply infiltrating endometriosis. In this model subtle and mild forms would be called "endometriosis," whereas deep and cystic ovarian forms could be called "endometriotic disease." It is stressed that deep and cystic ovarian endometriosis are two distinct entities, which is important for our understanding of endometriosis, for classification and for treatment of endometriosis.
Fabrication and characterization of polysulfone reinforced hollow fibre membrane (2019)

In this study, reinforced hollow fibre membranes were fabricated using different molecular weights of polyvinylidene prolidone (PVP Mw: 10, 40 and 360 kDa) and different take-up speeds (1, 2, 2.6 and 3.5 m/min). Prepared reinforced hollow fibre membranes were characterized in terms of permeability; surface morphology and hydrophilicity; pore size distribution; bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection and flux recovery ratio. Optimum permeability and BSA rejection were obtained when PVP molecular weight was 40 kDa. After PVP molecular weight determination, advancing speed was changed and it was seen that increasing advancing speed ended up with decreased membrane wall thickness; however, decreased wall thickness increased the probability of irreversible fouling.
Standardized reporting of amnion and amnion/chorion allograft data for wound care (2022)

The standardized characterization of dehydrated, sterilized amnion and amnion/chorion as delivered to recipient tissues permits understanding and comparison of the products across various graft sizes, types, and eluate volumes. Further, reporting this data as a function of cm<sup>2</sup> of dehydrated tissue allows extrapolation by independent scientists and clinicians.
Novel Validated Analytical Method Based on Potentiometric Transduction for the Determination of Citicoline Psychostimulant/Nootropic Agent (2020)

Herein, a novel validated potentiometric method is presented for the first time for citicoline determination. The method is based on measuring the potential using new constructed citicoline electrodes. The electrodes are based on the use of citicolinium/phosphomolybdate [Cit]<sub>2</sub>[PM] (sensor I) and citicolinium/tetraphenylborate [Cit][TPB] (sensor II) ion association complexes. These sensory materials were dispersed in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymeric membranes. The sensors revealed a Nernstian response with the slopes 55.9 ± 1.8(<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.9994) and 51.8 ± 0.9 (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.9991) mV/decade over a linearity range of 6.3 × 10<sup>-6</sup>-1.0 × 10<sup>-3</sup> and 1.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup>-1.0 × 10<sup>-3</sup> M and detection limits of 3.16 × 10<sup>-6</sup> and 7.1 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M for sensors I and II, respectively. To ensure the existence of monovalent citicoline, all measurements were performed in 50 mM acetate buffer at pH 3.5. All presented electrodes showed good performance characteristics such as rapid response, good selectivity, high potential-stability and long life-span. Method verification and validation in terms of response linearity, quantification limit, accuracy, bias, trueness, robustness, within-day variability and between-days variability were evaluated. The method was introduced for citicoline determination in different pharmaceutical formulations and compared with the standard high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.
Resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma en‐bloc with inferior vena cava: 20 year outcomes of a single institution (2018)

RPS resection en-bloc with IVC can achieve equivalent rates of DFS and OS to patients without vascular involvement.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of cotton (2004)

The development of transgenic cotton requires an efficient means for the transformation and regeneration of fertile plants. Despite the commercial success of genetically modified cotton, the transformation and regeneration of cotton is still challenging relative to other crop species. The efficiency of somatic embryogenesis and somaclonal variation are among the most often cited problems encountered in the regeneration of cotton. In the last decade, numerous innovations have been incorporated to improve the recovery and germination of high quality somatic embryos, increase transformation efficiency by reducing regeneration time, and that virtually eliminates somaclonal variation. These improvements and modifications are reported here for the first time in detail in a step-by-step procedure for cotton transformation and regeneration that includes commentary for trouble-shooting problems.