gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective intracellular delivery and intracellular recordings combined on MEA biosensors (2018)

Biological studies on in vitro cell cultures are of fundamental importance to investigate cells response to external stimuli, such as new drugs for treatment of specific pathologies, or to study communication between electrogenic cells. Although three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures brought tremendous improvements on biosensors used for various biological in vitro studies, including drug delivery and electrical recording, there is still a lack of multifunctional capabilities that could help gaining deeper insights in several bio-related research fields. In this work, the electrical recording of large cell ensembles and the intracellular delivery of few selected cells are combined on the same device by integrating microfluidics channels on the bottom of a multi-electrode array decorated with 3D hollow nanostructures. The novel platform allows to record intracellular-like action potentials from large ensembles of cardiomyocytes derived from human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC) and from the HL-1 line, while different molecules are selectively delivered into single/few targeted cells. The proposed approach shows high potential for enabling new comprehensive studies that can relate drug effects to network level cell communication processes.
Changing Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Neonates (1988)

We compared the clinical presentation of 95 newborns with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection from 1973 through 1981 (first period) with data from 196 newborns evaluated from 1982 through 1987 (second period). There was a significant change in the presentation of infection in these infants. From the first to the second period, the frequency of disseminated disease decreased from 50.5% to 22.9%, whereas the frequency of skin, eye, and mouth (SEM) diseases increased from 17.9% to 43.4% (P less than .001). The frequency of infants with central nervous system (CNS) disease remained relatively unchanged--31.6% versus 33.7%. We also compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of the infants and their mothers. For neonates with CNS or disseminated infection, disease duration and frequency of prematurity were significantly decreased in the second period, as was the frequency of skin vesicles for newborns with SEM or disseminated infection. These changes are most likely the consequence of recognizing and treating SEM infection before its progression to more-severe disease.
Poisson tests of declustered catalogues (2012)

The commonly enunciated reason to decluster catalogues is so that the remaining ‘main’ events will be consistent with a spatially inhomogeneous, temporally homogeneous Poisson process (SITHP) model. But are they? Conclusions depend on the declustering method, the catalogue, the magnitude range, and the statistical test. Gardner and Knopoff′s (1974) conclusion that 1932-1971 southern California events with M ≥ 3.8 are Poisson after declustering apparently results from their use of a test with low power. That test ignores space, is insensitive to long-term rate variations, is relatively insensitive to seismicity rate fluctuations on the scale of weeks, and uses an inaccurate approximation to the null distribution of the test statistic. Better temporal tests and a novel spatio-temporal test show that SITHP does not fit M ≥ 3.8 1932-1971 or 1932-2010 Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) catalogues declustered using Gardner and Knopoff′s windows in a linked-window or a mainshock-window algorithm. For M ≥ 4.0, SCEC catalogues declustered using the Gardner-Knopoff windows in a linked-window method are far closer to SITHP, while catalogues declustered using those windows in a mainshock-window method are inconsistent with SITHP. Reasenberg′s (1985) declustering method applied to southern California seismicity produces catalogues inconsistent with SITHP, even for events with M ≥ 4.0. If enough events are deleted from a catalogue, the remainder always will be consistent with SITHP. This suggests posing declustering as an optimization problem: Delete the fewest events such that those left pass a particular test or suite of tests for SITHP. While that optimization problem is combinatorially complex, inexpensive suboptimal methods are surprisingly effective: Declustered catalogues can be consistent with temporal tests of SITHP at significance level 0.05 and have 50-80 per cent more events than window-declustered catalogues that are inconsistent with SITHP. However tests that incorporate spatial information reject the SITHP hypothesis for those declustered catalogues, illustrating the importance of using spatial information.
Tumor immune therapy: Lessons from infection and implications for cancer – Can IL‐7 help overcome immune inhibitory networks? (2010)

The complexity that the immune system faces in distinguishing pathogens from self is manifested by the intricate immunological networks involved in initiation, promotion and abrogation of immunity. A substantially more complex algorithm is required to distinguish normal from aberrant self (e.g. in the form of cancers), and this is reflected by the apparent inefficiency of our immune system to eradicate tumors; however, with our expanding insights into the molecular networks that govern immunity, we can now consider therapies that transiently promote immunity and/or antagonize immune inhibitory networks. Cytokines that normally function to regulate immune responses hold much therapeutic promise in this regard. Translating this promise to tangible outcomes will require a thorough analysis of how, when and in what way these cytokines should be used to take advantage of synergistic and complementary effects of current cancer therapeutics. In this review, we focus on IL-7, as much data are emerging on the ability of this unique homeostatic cytokine to augment various anti-tumor immunotherapeutic modalities.
Zero Liquid Discharge of Ultrahigh-Salinity Brines with Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction (2020)

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) of hypersaline brines is technically and energetically challenging. This study demonstrates ZLD of ultrahigh-salinity brines using temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE), a membrane-less and nonevaporative desalination technology. TSSE utilizes a low-polarity solvent to extract water from brine and then releases the water as a product with the application of low-temperature heat. Complete extraction of water from a hypersaline feed, simulated by 5.0 M NaCl solution (≈292 g/L TDS), was achieved using diisopropylamine solvent. Practically all of the salt is precipitated as mineral solid waste and the product water contains <5% of NaCl relative to the hypersaline feed brine. Consistent ZLD performance of high salt removals and product water quality was maintained in three repeated semibatch TSSE cycles, highlighting recyclability of the solvent. The practical applicability of the technique for actual field samples was demonstrated by ZLD of an irrigation drainage water concentrate. This study establishes the potential of TSSE as a more sustainable alternative to current thermal evaporation methods for zero liquid discharge of ultrahigh-salinity brines.
Concluding Remarks: Synthesis and Initial Steps toward a Sustainable Phosphorus Future (2013)

This chapter integrates the various perspectives presented in the entire text regarding phosphorus sustainability and provides an overall view of them. It integrates and synthesizes the main themes and conclusions to help push the issue of phosphorus sustainability in the broader context of sustainability science. It identifies the shortcomings of these analyses and in the current and future phosphorus-sustainability efforts. It also provides insights into promising areas for future progress in phosphorus sustainability science and highlights individual action to enhance phosphorus sustainability.
Multi-element adaptive arrays for interference mitigation of multiple barker/CCK signals in 802.11b WLANs (2007)

We analyze interference in the unlicensed ISM wireless band for IEEE 802.11 barker-code spread and Complementary Code Keying spread Wireless Fidelity signals and contrast the results to that of narrowband interferers. Multi-element adaptive antennas with tapped-delay-lines are used to mitigate multiple interferers. It is shown that the number of delay line taps required to successfully mitigate the effect of multiple interferers increases as the number of interferers and array elements increases.
Retraction Note: Impact of different promoters, promoter mutation, and an enhancer on recombinant protein expression in CHO cells (2018)

This paper has been retracted at the request of the authors.
An Integrated Sensor for Electrochemical Measurements (1986)

A method for the fabrication of a completely integrated solid-state electrochemical sensor which combines a minature liquid junction reference electrode with a CMOS ISFET is presented. The reference electrode is fabricated by preferentially etching silicon to form a porous silicon frit. The CMOS process provides electrical encapsulation of the ISFET. The performance of the reference electrode and CMOS ISFET as an integrated sensor is demonstrated.
A novel high-refractive index episulfide-thiol polymer for nanoimprinting optical elements (2018)

A novel episulfide-thiol optical polymer with a high refractive index (<italic>n</italic> = 1.707) can be thermally nanoimprinted at 160 °C with nanoscale size resolution showing excellent pattern fidelity and low defectivity, which exhibit the material as a potential candidate for applications in optical and optoelectronic devices.
Reliable transmission of high-quality video over ATM networks (1999)

The development of broadband networks has led to the possibility of a wide variety of new and improved service offerings. Packetized video is likely to be one of the most significant high-bandwidth users of such networks. The transmission of variable bit-rate (VBR) video offers the potential promise of constant video quality but is generally accompanied by packet loss which significantly diminishes this potential. We study a class of error recovery schemes employing forward error-control (FEC) coding to recover from such losses. In particular, we show that a hybrid error recovery strategy involving the use of active FEC in tandem with simple passive error concealment schemes offers very robust performance even under high packet losses. We discuss two different methods of applying FEC to alleviate the problem of packet loss. The conventional method of applying FEC generally allocates additional bandwidth for channel coding while maintaining a specified average video coding rate. Such an approach suffers performance degradations at high loads since the bandwidth expansion associated with the use of FEC creates additional congestion that negates the potential benefit in using FEC. In contrast, we study a more efficient FEC application technique in our hybrid approach, which allocates bandwidth for channel coding by throttling the source coder rate (i.e., performing higher compression) while maintaining a fixed overall transmission rate. More specifically, we consider the performance of the hybrid approach where the bandwidth to accommodate the FEC overhead is made available by throttling the source coder rate sufficiently so that the overall rate after application of FEC is identical to that of the original unprotected system. We obtain the operational rate-distortion characteristics of such a scheme employing selected FEC codes. In doing so, we demonstrate the robust performance achieved by appropriate use of FEC under moderate-to-high packet losses in comparison to the unprotected system.
Determining confounding sensitivities in eddy current thin film measurements (2017)

Eddy current (EC) techniques are widely used in industry to measure the thickness of non-conductive films on a metal substrate. This is done by using a system whereby a coil carrying a high-frequency alternating current is used to create an alternating magnetic field at the surface of the instrument’s probe. When the probe is brought near a conductive surface, the alternating magnetic field will induce ECs in the conductor. The substrate characteristics and the distance of the probe from the substrate (the coating thickness) affect the magnitude of the ECs. The induced currents load the probe coil affecting the terminal impedance of the coil. The measured probe impedance is related to the lift off between coil and conductor as well as conductivity of the test sample. For a known conductivity sample, the probe impedance can be converted into an equivalent film thickness value. The EC measurement can be confounded by a number of measurement parameters. It was the goal of this research to determine which physical properties of the measurement set-up and sample can adversely affect the thickness measurement. The eddy-current testing was performed using a commercially available, hand-held eddy-current probe (ETA3.3H spring-loaded eddy probe running at 8 MHz) that comes with a stand to hold the probe. The stand holds the probe and adjusts the probe on the z-axis to help position the probe in the correct area as well as make precise measurements. The signal from the probe was sent to a hand-held readout, where the results are recorded directly in terms of liftoff or film thickness. Understanding the effect of certain factors on the measurements of film thickness, will help to evaluate how accurate the ETA3.3H spring-loaded eddy probe was at measuring film thickness under varying experimental conditions. This research studied the effects of a number of factors such as i) conductivity, ii) edge effect, iii) surface finish of base material and iv) cable condition.
Cell structure and percent viability by a slide centrifuge technique. (1982)

It was found that a slide centrifuge (Cytospin) preparation of a cell suspension allowed a reliable assessment of not only cell structure but also the percentage of non-viable cells. The non-viable cells appeared as "smear" cells and paralleled in number the cells taking up trypan blue. Direct experiment showed the unstained viable cells in a trypan blue cell suspension remained intact in a Cytospin preparation while the cells taking up trypan blue were the "smear" cells. The non-viability of the "smear" cells was confirmed by their inability to survive in culture.
Computing Covariances for Mutual Information Coregistration (2004)

Mutual Information (MI) has become a popular similarity measure in multi-modal medical image registration since it was first applied to the problem in 1995. This paper describes a method for calculating the covariance matrix for MI coregistration. We derive an expression for the covariance matrix by identifying MI as a biased log-likelihood measure. The validity of this result is then demonstrated through comparison with the results of Monte-Carlo simulations of the coregistration of T1-weighted to T2-weighted synthetic MR scans of the brain. We conclude with some observations on the theoretical basis of MI as a log-likelihood.
Traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation (1988)

Traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation is a rare injury which may not be revealed on routine radiographs, especially when there is muscle spasm. We report on seven patients with atlanto-axial subluxation as a result of neck injury; only two of them had significant head injuries. Three patients presented with a neurological deficit attributable to the injury, one immediate and two with delayed onset. Traumatic atlanto-axial instability, occurring in an otherwise healthy patient, has a potential for neurological disaster; early consideration of operative treatment is indicated.
Synthesis of a Conducting SiO2−Carbon Composite from Commercial Silicone Grease and Its Conversion to Paramagnetic SiO2 Particles (2006)

The thermal decomposition of commercial silicone grease was carried out in a closed reactor (Swagelok) that was heated at 800 degrees C for 3 h, yielding a SiO2-carbon composite with a BET surface area of 369 m2/g. The bulk conductivity (5.72 x 10(-6) S x cm(-2)) of the SiO2-carbon composite was determined by impedance measurements. The as-prepared SiO2-carbon composite was further annealed at 500 degrees C in air for 2 h, which led to the formation of white paramagnetic silica particles (confirmed by ESR), possessing a surface area of 111 m2/g. The present synthetic technique requires unsophisticated equipment and a low-cost commercial precursor, and the reaction is carried out without a solvent, surfactant, or catalyst. The mechanism for the formation of a porous SiO2-carbon composite from the silicone grease is also presented.
Polymer–ultrathin graphite sheet–polymer composite structured flexible nonvolatile bistable organic memory devices (2011)

We present data, which were obtained before bending and after bending, for the electrical bistabilities, memory stabilities, and memory mechanisms of three-layer structured flexible bistable organic memory (BOM) devices, which were fabricated utilizing the ultrathin graphite sheets (UGS) sandwiched between insulating poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer layers. The UGS were formed by transferring UGS (about 30 layers) and using a simple spin-coating technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were performed to investigate the microstructural properties of the PMMA/UGS/PMMA films. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements were carried out to investigate the electrical properties of the BOM devices containing the UGS embedded in the PMMA polymer. Current-time (I-t) and current-cycle measurements under flat and bent conditions were performed to investigate the memory stabilities of the BOM devices. The memory characteristics of the BOM maintained similar device efficiencies after bending and were stable during repeated bendings of the BOM devices. The mechanisms for these characteristics of the fabricated BOM are described on the basis of the I-V results.
Ultrastructural characteristics of Fc epsilon R-positive basophils in the spleen and bone marrow of mice immunized with goat anti-mouse IgD antibody. (1993)

Taken together with data concerning the numbers of Fc epsilon R-positive, non-B, non-T cells in the spleen, and Fc epsilon R-positive B220-negative cells in the bone marrow, these ultrastructural findings indicate that injection of mice with goat anti-IgD results in increased numbers of basophils, particularly in the spleen, that exhibit an 8-fold increase in basophils as a result of injection of goat anti-IgD.
Nutritional and management methods to decrease nitrogen losses from beef feedlots1 (2010)

Nitrogen losses from open beef feedlots are a concern. Methods that decrease volatilization losses will lead to greater manure N, which is likely to be beneficial in open lot beef operations. Twelve or more pens were dedicated to N research whereby N intake, retention, and excretion were quantified and a mass balance conducted using manure, runoff, soil balance, and loss quantities. The objective was to decrease N volatilization losses or increase manure N or both. Dietary CP affects N excretion and N volatilization losses. Four experiments across 2 yr compared industry average CP (13%) to diets that were phase-fed to not exceed protein requirements (12.1 to 10.9%). Phase-fed cattle excreted 12 to 21% less N (P < 0.01), and N volatilization losses were reduced 15 to 33% (P < 0.01). In 2 other experiments, phase-fed diets were formulated to recycle undegradable intake protein. Steer G:F was similar (P = 0.18) or improved (P = 0.09), whereas N excretion and N volatilization losses tended to be reduced (P < 0.11) and N in manure was not affected (P > 0.35) compared with cattle fed 13% CP. Feeding less protein did not affect manure N, indicating manure N from open lots is related to other factors. A series of experiments evaluated increasing OM on the pen surface to increase N in manure. Feeding less digestible diets using fiber increased manure N (P < 0.01) and decreased (P < 0.10) N volatilization losses in 2 experiments conducted from November to May, but did not affect (P > 0.30) manure N or volatilization losses during 2 summer experiments. Adding bedding (i.e., OM) increased manure N in the winter as well. Another method evaluated was increasing pen cleaning frequency, which decreased N volatilization losses by 19 to 44% and increased manure N by 26 to 41% across 3 experiments. Other methods, such as acidifying manure by manipulating dietary cation anion difference, clinoptilite zeolite clay addition, and feeding different amounts of by-products had variable impacts on N volatilization losses. No treatments markedly affected runoff N, which is <5% of excreted N. Dietary protein affects N volatilization losses but not manure N. Other factors, such as OM on the pen surface, affect manure N. Cleaning manure frequently, which decreases exposure of manure N to air, decreases volatilization losses. Treatments should be evaluated across seasons due to seasonal effects.
Maize Phenology Affects Establishment, Damage, and Development of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2008)

The effects of maize (Zea mays L.) phenology on establishment and adult emergence of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and plant damage to maize was evaluated in field trials in 2001 and 2002 and in the greenhouse. Although neonate western corn rootworm larvae were able to initially establish on maize roots during anthesis and early reproductive stages, these older roots were apparently unsuitable for complete western corn rootworm larval development. The number of western corn rootworm beetles that emerged from eggs that hatched during anthesis to early reproductive stages was significantly fewer than the number of beetles that eclosed from V4 to V11. Plant damage was also lowest from larvae that eclosed during anthesis to early reproductive stages. Potential causal mechanisms and implications of these data in terms of potential management strategies in the future are discussed.
Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding human adenylosuccinate synthetase (1992)

Adenylosuccinate synthetase (AS) catalyzes the first committed step in the conversion of IMP to AMP. A cDNA was isolated from a human liver library which encodes a protein of 455 amino acids (M(r) of 49,925). Alignments of human, mouse, Dictyostelium discoideum and E. coli AS sequences identify a number of invariant residues which are likely to be important for structure and/or catalysis. The human AS sequence was also 19% identical to the human urea cycle enzyme, argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), which catalyzes a chemically similar reaction. Both human liver and HeLa AS mRNA showed signals of 2.3 and 2.8 kb. An unmodified N-terminus is required for function of the human AS enzyme in E. coli mutants lacking the bacterial enzyme. The human cDNA provides a means to assess the possible role of AS abnormalities in unclassified, idiopathic cases of gout.
Candidaemia associated with decreased in vitro fluconazole susceptibility: is Candida speciation predictive of the susceptibility pattern? (2010)

A significant proportion of candidaemia with reduced fluconazole susceptibility may be caused by C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, species usually considered fully susceptible to fluconazole. Thus, identification of these species may not be predictive of fluconazole susceptibility. Other factors that are associated with reduced fluconazole susceptibility may help clinicians choose adequate empirical anti-Candida therapy.