gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2,3,4,4-Tetramethyloxetene. Kinetics of rearrangement compared to cyclobutene-butadiene conversions (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3,4,4-Tetramethyloxetene. Kinetics of rearrangement compared to cyclobutene-butadiene conversionsLouis E. Friedrich and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 18, 4602–4604Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00747a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00747a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Fast Glutathione Dynamics in Living Cells (2017)

First-in-class reversible and rapid fluorescent probes for imaging and quantification of intracellular glutathione were developed by utilizing the concept of intermolecular attack of nucleophiles to specific rhodamines.
Introspective failure analysis: avoiding correlated failures in peer-to-peer systems (2003)

Failure independence is an important assumption for many fault tolerance techniques. Unfortunately, real systems exhibit correlated failures. In this paper, we present a framework for online discovery of groups of server nodes that are maximally independent in their failure characteristics. We discuss the framework in detail and provide a preliminary evaluation.
Polyacetylenes as Enantiodifferentiating Alignment Media (2012)

Orientation help: Valine-derived polyacetylenes are introduced as enantiomer-differentiating alignment media. The F2-coupled HSQC-type NMR spectra of both enantiomers of isopinocampheol (IPC) display narrow line widths allowing for the precise extraction of residual dipolar couplings (black contour plot: (+)-IPC in an isotropic phase, blue: (−)-IPC in an anisotropic phase, and red: (+)-IPC in an anisotropic phase; J=coupling constant). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Absorption Characteristics of Lignocaine Following Intravesical Instillation (1994)

The systemic absorption of topical lignocaine applied intravesically was studied in 11 patients with indwelling catheters. Group A patients (n = 9) had lignocaine 400 mg (as 40 ml of a 1% solution) instilled into the bladder for 1 hour whilst in Group B patients (n = 2) the application was for 2 hours. The mean maximum lignocaine concentration measured in Group A patients was 121 ng ml-1 with a time to maximum concentration of 60-90 minutes. The two patients in Group B had corresponding values of 410 and 1580 ng ml-1 respectively at 120 minutes. Transitional cell epithelium, like intact skin, constitutes a significant barrier to the uptake of topically applied lignocaine which, from the bladder, is both slow and limited. Intravesical application is safe (maximum levels in Group A patients being x 30 less than the minimal toxic level of lignocaine) but its clinical efficacy remains to be determined.
Association between Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors and Gastroduodenal Diseases in Okinawa, Japan (2012)

The incidence of gastric cancer in Okinawa is lowest in Japan. Some previous reports using small number of strains suggested that the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori with Western-type cagA in Okinawa compared to other areas in Japan might contribute to the low incidence of gastric cancer. It has still not been confirmed why the prevalence of Western-type cagA strains is high in Okinawa. We examined the association between the virulence factors of H. pylori and gastroduodenal diseases in Okinawa. The genotypes of cagA and vacA of 337 H. pylori strains were determined by PCR and gene sequencing. The genealogy of these Western-type cagA strains in Okinawa was analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Overall, 86.4% of the strains possessed cagA: 70.3% were East-Asian type and 16.0% were Western type. After adjustment by age and sex, the presence of East-Asian-type cagA/vacA s1m1 genotypes was significantly associated with gastric cancer compared to gastritis (odds ratio = 6.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.73 to 25.8). The structure of Western-type CagA in Okinawa was different from that of typical Western-type CagA found in Western countries. Intriguingly, MLST analysis revealed that the majority of Western-type cagA strains formed individual clusters but not hpEurope. Overall, low prevalence of gastric cancer in Okinawa may result from the high prevalence of non-East-Asian-type cagA strains. The origin of Western-type cagA strains in Okinawa may be different from those of Western countries.
Fast computation of SimRank for static and dynamic information networks (2010)

Information networks are ubiquitous in many applications and analysis on such networks has attracted significant attention in the academic communities. One of the most important aspects of information network analysis is to measure similarity between nodes in a network. SimRank is a simple and influential measure of this kind, based on a solid theoretical "random surfer" model. Existing work computes SimRank similarity scores in an iterative mode. We argue that the iterative method can be infeasible and inefficient when, as in many real-world scenarios, the networks change dynamically and frequently. We envision non-iterative method to bridge the gap. It allows users not only to update the similarity scores incrementally, but also to derive similarity scores for an arbitrary subset of nodes. To enable the non-iterative computation, we propose to rewrite the SimRank equation into a non-iterative form by using the Kronecker product and vectorization operators. Based on this, we develop a family of novel approximate SimRank computation algorithms for static and dynamic information networks, and give their corresponding theoretical justification and analysis. The non-iterative method supports efficient processing of various node analysis including similarity tracking and centrality tracking on evolving information networks. The effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed methods are evaluated on synthetic and real data sets.
Drug-Resistant Pneumococcal Infections in the United States (1994)

Drug-resistant<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>(DRSP) strains were once considered to be laboratory curiosities<sup>1,2</sup>or problems for far-off areas of the world.<sup>3-5</sup>In the United States, however, pneumococci that were relatively resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.12 to 1.0 μg/mL) were found among the isolates from Navajo Indians living in New Mexico in 1974,<sup>6</sup>and a serotype 14<i>S pneumoniae</i>isolate with high-level resistance to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, ≥2.0 μg/mL) was recovered from the blood of an immunocompromised child from Minnesota in 1977.<sup>7</sup>Since these initial reports, foci of DRSP have been identified in various parts of this country.<sup>8-12</sup>The reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from Kentucky and Tennessee,<sup>13</sup>from Connecticut,<sup>14</sup>and by Breiman et al<sup>15</sup>in this issue ofThe JOURNALare alarming because they prove that DRSP isolates can now be found in unselected, diverse sites
Nerve Reconstruction Using Processed Nerve Allograft in the U.S. Military (2021)

Therapeutic, Level III.
A deep neural network for time-domain signal reconstruction (2015)

Supervised speech separation has achieved considerable success recently. Typically, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to estimate an ideal time-frequency mask, and clean speech is produced by feeding the mask-weighted output to a resynthesizer in a subsequent step. So far, the success of DNN-based separation lies mainly in improving human speech intelligibility. In this work, we propose a new deep network that directly reconstructs the time-domain clean signal through an inverse fast Fourier transform layer. The joint training of speech resynthesis and mask estimation yields improved objective quality while maintaining the objective intelligibility performance. The proposed system significantly outperforms a recent non-negative matrix factorization based separation system in both objective speech intelligibility and quality.
Guided-wave photodetectors in germanium on optical chips in silicon-on-insulator (2009)

We report the integration of near-infrared waveguide photodetectors in polycrystalline Germanium with Silicon on Insulator optical chips for power monitor applications. We discuss design and fabrication of the devices as well as their characterization in terms of dark current, responsivity and signal to noise ratio.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses two novel regulatory isozymes of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase. (1982)

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa the initial enzyme of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, has been known to be subject to feedback inhibition by a metabolite in each of the three major pathway branchlets. Thus, an apparent balanced multieffector control is mediated by L-tyrosine, by L-tryptophan, and phenylpyruvate. We have now resolved DAHP synthase into two distinctive regulatory isozymes, herein denoted DAHP synthase-tyr (Mr = 137,000) and DAHP synthase-trp (Mr = 175,000). DAHP synthase-tyr comprises greater than 90% of the total activity. L-Tyrosine was found to be a potent effector, inhibiting competitively with respect to both phosphoenolpyruvate (Ki = 23 microM) and erythrose 4-phosphate (Ki = 23 microM). Phenylpyruvate was a less effective competitive inhibitor: phosphoenolpyruvate (Ki = 2.55 mM) and erythrose 4-phosphate (Ki = 1.35 mM). DAHP synthase-trp was found to be inhibited noncompetitively by L-tryptophan with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate (Ki = 40 microM) and competitively with respect to erythrose 4-phosphate (Ki = 5 microM). Chorismate was a relatively weak competitive inhibitor: phosphoenolpyruvate (Ki = 1.35 mM) and erythrose 4-phosphate (Ki = 2.25 mM). Thus, each isozyme is strongly inhibited by an amino acid end product and weakly inhibited by an intermediary metabolite.
Detection and Prediction of Resource-Exhaustion Vulnerabilities (2008)

Systems connected to the Internet are highly susceptible to denial-of-service attacks that can compromise service availability, causing damage to customers and providers. Due to errors in the design or coding phases, particular client-server interactions can be made to consume much more resources than necessary easing the success of this kind of attack.To address this issue we propose a new methodology for the detection and identification of local resource-exhaustion vulnerabilities. The methodology also gives a prediction on the necessary effort to exploit a specific vulnerability, useful to support decisions regarding the configuration of a system, in order to sustain a certain attack magnitude.The methodology was implemented in a tool called PREDATOR that is able to automatically generate malicious traffic and to perform post-processing analysis to build accurate resource usage projections on a given target server.The validity of the approach was demonstrated with several synthetic programs and well-known DNS servers.
Maximizing ion current by space-charge neutralization using negative ions and dust particles (2005)

Ion current extracted from an ion source (ion thruster) can be increased above the Child–Langmuir limit if the ion space charge is neutralized. Similarly, the limiting kinetic energy density of the plasma flow in a Hall thruster might be exceeded if additional mechanisms of space-charge neutralization are introduced. Space-charge neutralization with high-mass negative ions or negatively charged dust particles seems, in principle, promising for the development of a high current or high energy density source of positive light ions. Several space-charge neutralization schemes that employ heavy negatively charged particles are considered. It is shown that the proposed neutralization schemes can lead, at best, only to a moderate but nonetheless possibly important increase of the ion current in the ion thruster and the thrust density in the Hall thruster.
Superabsorbent polymers used for agricultural water retention (2020)

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have been widely used and are attracting increasing attention in agricultural field because they dramatically enhance water use efficiency. In this review, representative achievements in the design and modification of SAPs with specific functions are highlighted, as well as their applications in agriculture. Two key properties of SAPs, water absorption and retention behaviors, are discussed in detail. Moreover, the future developments of SAPs with remarkable comprehensive performances are also discussed.
Hyaluronic acid synthesis by mural granulosa cells and cumulus cells in vitro is selectively stimulated by a factor produced by oocytes and by transforming growth factor-beta. (1990)

In ovarian antral follicles cumulus cells (approximately 1,000/follicle) closely surround the oocyte, and mural granulosa cells (approximately 50,000/follicle) are distributed at the periphery. Previous work (Salustri, A., Yanagishita, M., and Hascall, V. C. (1990) Dev. Biol. 138, 26-32) showed that oocytes produce a factor(s) which stimulates hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis by cumulus cells during expansion of the cumulus cell-oocyte complex. We now show that mural granulosa cells also respond in vitro to the oocyte factor(s) with greatly increased HA synthesis. As with cumulus cells, a factor(s) present in fetal calf serum is required to retain newly synthesized HA in the extracellular matrix. Unlike cumulus cells, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is not required for maximal stimulation, in part because mural granulosa cells synthesize prostaglandin E2 which can substitute for FSH in promoting cumulus cell-oocyte complex expansion. Of several growth factors studied, only transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) stimulated HA synthesis in both cell types. However, the stimulation of HA synthesis by TGF-beta 1 was additive with that for the oocyte factor(s), and neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta did not inhibit the response to the oocyte factor(s). The results indicate that the oocyte factor(s) and TGF-beta 1 are not the same and that they operate through different receptors in stimulating HA synthesis. Epidermal growth factor was able to replace FSH in amplifying the response of cumulus cells to the oocyte factor(s) and in stimulating synthesis of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans.
Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H 2 S-rich spark discharge experiment (2011)

Archived samples from a previously unreported 1958 Stanley Miller electric discharge experiment containing hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) were recently discovered and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We report here the detection and quantification of primary amine-containing compounds in the original sample residues, which were produced via spark discharge using a gaseous mixture of H(2)S, CH(4), NH(3), and CO(2). A total of 23 amino acids and 4 amines, including 7 organosulfur compounds, were detected in these samples. The major amino acids with chiral centers are racemic within the accuracy of the measurements, indicating that they are not contaminants introduced during sample storage. This experiment marks the first synthesis of sulfur amino acids from spark discharge experiments designed to imitate primordial environments. The relative yield of some amino acids, in particular the isomers of aminobutyric acid, are the highest ever found in a spark discharge experiment. The simulated primordial conditions used by Miller may serve as a model for early volcanic plume chemistry and provide insight to the possible roles such plumes may have played in abiotic organic synthesis. Additionally, the overall abundances of the synthesized amino acids in the presence of H(2)S are very similar to the abundances found in some carbonaceous meteorites, suggesting that H(2)S may have played an important role in prebiotic reactions in early solar system environments.
Oxide Film Formation and Oxygen Adsorption on Copper in Aqueous Media As Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (1998)

The electrode potential-dependent formation of oxygen species on copper in noncomplexing aqueous media, encompassing oxide phase films and adsorbed oxygen/hydroxide, are explored at different pH values by means of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This technique provides a monolayer-sensitive in- situ vibrational probe, which can follow potential-dependent surface speciation on voltammetric or longer time scales. In alkaline NaClO4 electrolytes (pH 13), the cyclic voltammetric peaks associated with copper oxide phase-film formation and removal are correlated quantitatively with simultaneously acquired SER spectral sequences. The latter indicate the sequential formation of Cu2O and then mixed Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 layers, diagnosed by the appearance of metal−oxygen lattice vibrations at 625/525 and 460 cm-1, respectively. The potential-dependent speciation is in concordance with the Pourbaix diagram, certifying the “bulk-phase” nature of the films. The Raman band intensity−film thickness correlation (the latter deduced from the voltammetric Coulombic charges) indicate that the vibrational spectral responses are limited to the first 15−20 monolayers, consistent with earlier SERS observations and theoretical predictions. Weaker bands at ca. 800 and 460 cm-1 are discernible at more negative potentials, suggestive of hydroxide adsorption. Similar, although thinner, oxide films were deduced to form in neutral 0.1 M NaClO4. In the additional presence of chloride under these conditions, a potential-sensitive competition between the formation of a CuCl and a more passivating Cu2O phase film was evident from SERS. While oxide phase films are absent on copper in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HClO4, an adsorbed oxygen species was nonetheless detected from a broad SERS band at ca. 625 cm-1. This feature, which was deduced to involve oxygen rather than hydroxyl from an absence of a frequency shift upon H/D solvent isotopic substitution, is evident throughout most of the “polarizable potential” region on copper in acid, ca. −0.7 to −0.1 V vs SCE. The likely nature and reasons for its remarkable prevalence on copper in acidic media are discussed with reference to the recent literature.
A graph cut based active contour without edges with relaxed homogeneity constraint (2008)

The paper presents a graph cut based active contour without edges segmentation model to track pedestrian in thermal images. The deformable model is based on the Mumford- Shah piecewise constant energy formulation. However, the model presented here relaxes the global homogeneity assumption of the Mumford- Shah functional. A discrete energy formulation is presented and the optimization is performed using graph cuts. The major advantages of our approach are; 1) The optimization using graph cuts makes the segmentation process much faster than solving it using level sets. 2) Relaxing the global homogeneity assumption makes the model more practical.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Chemistry: The Impact of Natural Products (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-Chip versus Off-Chip Passives in Radio and Mixed-Signal System-on-Package Design (2006)

Optimal total solution for new radio architecture and implementation requires accurate trade-offs for off-chip versus off-chip passives. In this paper, a complete and systematic design methodology for RF blocks in SoP (system-on-package) versus SoC (system-on-chip) is presented. This methodology explores trade-offs between performance and cost when different on-chip or off-chip passives are used. For a better presentation, the method and design techniques are demonstrated through four multi-band/multi-standard radio design examples with various technologies and different circuit topologies. Our study reveals that, in order to obtain cost benefits in RF-SoPs, small RF chips should be merged as larger chips and the integration density of each RF chip should be high enough. Our study also indicates that in a complex chip like a multi-band radio, moving passives off chip could achieve further cost savings and significant performance improvements. These are general conclusions but, our method offers a detailed analysis which can give quantitative measurements of cost savings and performance improvements in off-chip versus off-chip passives in RF SoP design
A Powerful Aluminum Catalyst for the Synthesis of Highly Functional Organic Carbonates (2013)

An aluminum complex based on an amino triphenolate ligand scaffold shows unprecedented high activity (initial TOFs up to 36,000 h(-1)), broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance in the formation of highly functional organic carbonates prepared from epoxides and CO(2). The developed catalytic protocol is further characterized by low catalyst loadings and relative mild reaction conditions using a cheap, abundant, and nontoxic metal.
Influence of hydrogen and oxygen plasma treatments on grain-boundary defects in polycrystalline silicon (1994)

The effects of hydrogen, oxygen, and helium plasma exposures on the grain-boundary defects of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) were examined. While a remote hydrogen plasma passivates Si dangling-bonds efficiently no change in the defect density is observed after exposing poly-Si to a remote oxygen plasma. On the other hand, an electron cyclotron resonance oxygen and helium plasma results in a decrease of the spin density. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal that both plasma exposures vastly increase the hydrogen content of the samples while the O concentration remains unchanged. The increase of the H concentration is proportional to the number of passivated grain-boundary defects.