gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auditory evoked potentials in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (2018)

The objective of the present study was to estimate peculiarities of the auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABR), auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) in the children presenting with bilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The study included 100 patients with bilateral ANSD diagnosed based on the positive response of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or cochlear microphonic (CM) detection, while no synchronous neural activity was detected in the ABR test. Cochlear microphonic was the main clue for the ANSD diagnosing, because OAE was absent in both ears of 49 children. ABR testing revealed no response bilaterally in 72 cases (out of 100). In contrast to ABR, the ASSR thresholds were detectable at all the four main frequencies in both ears in 73 % of the cases (47 out of the 64 tested ones). Both ABR and ASSR in most cases were incomparable with the behavioral audiometric thresholds. 28 children underwent CAEP testing. In 7 cases out of 8 with mild hearing loss detectable CAEP were recorded. CAEP registration in l7 children making use of the hearing aids and in 3 children after cochlear implantation revealed, in the majority of the cases, the concordance between CAEP detectability with behavioral thresholds and rehabilitation outcomes with fairly good speech intelligibility. It is concluded that the ABR registration with CM evaluation is the most informative test for ANSD diagnosis. However, ABR as well as ASSR is useless for the estimation of the behavioral thresholds. The results of this study suggest that the presence or absence of CAEPs can provide some indication of the audibility of a speech sound in the children with ANSD; however this method requires further investigation.
Self-Association and Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes of Iron Regulatory Proteins 1 and 2 (2005)

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) regulate iron metabolism in mammalian cells. We used biophysical techniques to examine the solution properties of apo-IRP1 and apo-IRP2 and the interaction with their RNA ligand, the iron regulatory element (IRE). Sedimentation velocity and equilibrium experiments have shown that apo-IRP1 exists as an equilibrium mixture of monomers and dimers in solution, with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the low micromolar range and slow kinetic exchange between the two forms. However, only monomeric IRP1 is observed in complex with IRE. In contrast, IRP2 exists as monomer in both the apo-IRP2 form and in the IRP2/IRE complex. For both IRPs, sedimentation velocity and dynamic light-scattering experiments show a decrease of the Stokes radius upon binding of IRE. This conformational change was also observed by circular dichroism. Studies with an RNA molecule complementary to IRE indicate that, although specific base interactions can increase the stability of the protein/RNA complex, they are not essential for inducing this conformational change. The dynamic change of the IRP between different oligomeric and conformational states induced by interaction with IRE may play a role in the iron regulatory functions of IRPs.
Detection of liquid injection using an atmospheric pressure ionization radiofrequency plasma source (1993)

An atmospheric pressure rf plasma source which operates in a variety of different buffer gases has been developed as an ionization method for organic samples introduced by liquid injection into atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API/MS). The rf source can operate in He at < 1 W of load power at 165 kHz. It can also be sustained in Ar, N2, air, and CO2 at a load power of < 15 W. In most cases studied, the protonated molecule, MH+, is observed with little or no fragmentation even under the relatively high current conditions of the discharge. However, using increasingly higher acceleration voltages between the skimmers in the differentially pumped region between atmospheric pressure and high vacuum, one can induce fragmentation via collision-induced dissociation. This can be assisted in these experiments via the use of a heavy buffer gas. The detection limits achieved for rf/API plasma detection are typically in the low femtomole region for small organic molecules including neurotransmitters, PTH-amino acids, steroids, drugs, pesticides, and explosives. The detection can be performed with quantitation over at least 4 orders of magnitude.
Homology Modelling of the Ligand Binding Domain of Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Close Structural Kinship with Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand Binding Domain and their Similar Binding Mode with DOC (de-oxy corticosterone) (2002)

Mineralocorticoids play a major role in regulating sodium and potassium homeostasis and also contribute to the control of blood pressure and in some physiological disorders. The physiological effects of this class of corticosteroids are mediated by ligand-induced nuclear transcription factor, the mineralocorticoid receptor(MR) / glucocorticoid receptor(GR), a member of the steroid / nuclear receptor superfamily. Although the MR interacts with both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, the GR interacts specifically with glucocorticoids. The three dimensional structure of progesterone complexed to its receptor revealed in X-ray diffraction method is utilised to develop a homology model of human mineralocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain (hMR LBD) in a similar fashion as mouse GR LBD was developed previously. The secondary structure of hMR LBD contains eleven helices, eight turns and four sheets. This receptor contains a long helix, H9, with thirty four residues. The 12-residue C-terminal extension (residues 973-984) of hMR LBD, which is essential for hormone binding, is tightly fixed in position by an antiparallel b-sheet interaction. The three dimensional model reveals two polar sites located at the extremities of the elongated hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket (LBP). De-oxy corticosterone (DOC) is docked to the LBs of both hMR LBD and mGR LBD. The difference accessible surface area (DASA) study revealed the interaction zones of both the receptors in complex with DOC. Observations relating to the native and complex proteins revealed a close structural kinship between hMR LBD and mGR LBD.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene, Alkyne, Isonitrile, and Carbonyl Complexes of Copper(I) and Silver(I) with Tris‐Chelating Oxygen Ligands. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Core test connectivity, communication, and control (2002)

This paper describes work at TI on a scan test architecture that provides test connectivity, communication, and control of embedded cores within system ICs. Low power scan testing and hierarchical reuse are also provided by the test architecture.
Dendritic Cell-Associated miRNAs Are Modulated via Chromatin Remodeling in Response to Different Environments (2014)

In LPS- and TGF-β-conditioned moDCs, miRNAs may be modulated not only by H3K4m3 and H3K27me3 modification but also by redistribution of H3K4me3 around the transcriptional start site of miRNAs. Thus, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 epigenetic modification may play an important role in regulating DC differentiation and function in the presence of tumor or inflammatory environments.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of structural analogs of the anticancer benzophenanthridine alkaloid fagaronine chloride (1985)

The indenoisoquinoline analogue 4 of fagaronine chloride (2) has been prepared, as well as its positional isomer 20 and the corresponding mesylated derivatives 16 and 19. Compounds 4, 16, and 20 were tested against P388 lymphocytic leukemia and found to possess significant activity. A tricyclic analogue 24 was also synthesized and was devoid of cytotoxicity in the KB cancer cell culture system. The change in the substitution pattern of the A-ring on going from 4 to 20 was tolerated without producing a significant decrease in antitumor activity.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vascular-targeted nanotherapy for obesity: unexpected passive targeting mechanism to obese fat for the enhancement of active drug delivery. (2012)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Vascular-targeted nanotherapy for obesity: unexpected passive targeting mechanism to obese fat for the enhancement of active drug delivery.
Abstract 15188: Coronary Calcium Score and Subclinical Heart Damage: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2014)

Introduction: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately assess myocardial damage resulting in scar/ fibrosis. The relationship of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score to subclinical myocardial damage is unknown. Hypothesis: Our aim was to determine the associations between CAC score, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and myocardial scar in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods: MESA study is a large population based cohort free of clinical CVD at baseline. In the 10th year of follow up, 1840 participants underwent CMR with gadolinium to evaluate myocardial scar. CVD risk factors including CAC score were measured both at baseline and follow up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for scar. Results: Of 1840 participants (mean age 68±9 yrs, 52% male), 146 had myocardial scars (7.9%). Most myocardial scars (115/146, 79%) were unrecognized by electrocardiogram or clinical assessment. Age and concurrent CAC score were the main predictors of ...
Emergence of Cytomegalovirus Mononucleosis Syndrome Among Young Adults in Hong Kong Linked to Falling Seroprevalence: Results of a 14-Year Seroepidemiological Study (2018)

We conclude that increasing CMV susceptibility among young adults in Hong Kong has resulted in a rising observed incidence of CMV mononucleosis, which is typically a self-limited illness characterized by anicteric hepatitis.
The evaporation behavior of sessile droplets from aqueous saline solutions (2015)

Quantitative experiments on the evaporation from sessile droplets of aqueous saline (NaCl) solutions show a strong dependence on salt concentration and droplet shape. The experiments were performed with seven decades of initial NaCl concentrations, with various droplet sizes and with different contact angles. The evaporation rate is significantly lower for high salt concentrations and small contact angles than what is expected from the well-accepted diffusion-controlled evaporation scenario for sessile droplets, even if the change of the vapor pressure due to the salt is taken into account. Particle tracking velocimetry reveals that this modification of the evaporation behavior is caused by marangoni flows that are induced by surface tension gradients originating from the local evaporative peripheral salt enrichment. In addition it is found that already very low salt concentrations lead to a pinning of the three phase contact line. Whereas droplets with concentration ≥10(-6) M NaCl are pinned as soon as evaporation starts, droplets with lower salt concentration do evaporate in a constant contact angle mode. Aside from new, fundamental insights the findings are also relevant for a better understanding of the widespread phenomenon of corrosion initiated by sessile droplets.
Circulating tumour-derived nucleic acids in cancer patients: potential applications as tumour markers (2007)

Tumour-associated changes have been observed in the circulating nucleic acids of cancer patients and have been proposed to be useful for the detection and monitoring of cancers. In this review, different approaches for detecting tumour-associated nucleic acids in the circulation and their potential applications as tumour markers are discussed.
Effect of cigarette smoking on phenacetin metabolism (1974)

Nine nonsmokers and nine individuals who smoked more than 15 Cigarettes per day were administered 900 mg of phenacetin orally, and the concentration of phenacetin in plasma was measured 1, 2, 3.5, and 5 hours after the dose. The plasma levels of phenacetin in the smokers were markedly lower than in the nonsmokers. The plasma levels of unconiugated or total N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol in the smokers were the same or only slightly lower than in the nonsmokers, and the ratios of the plasma concentration of total N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol to phenacetin were increased severalfold in the smokers. These results indicated that cigarette smoking stimulated the metabolism of phenacetin. To learn whether polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke could influence the gastrointestinal metaboli5m of phenacetin, we studied the effects of 3,4‐benzpyrene administration on the metabolism of CILphenacetin by enzymes in the intestinal mucosa of the rat. The data indicated that O‐dealkylation of phenacetin did occur—to a small extent—by an enzyme system in the small intestine, and that the activity of this enzyme system was stimulated by treatment of rats with 3,4‐benzpyrene.
Analysis of current doubler rectifier based high frequency isolation stage for intelligent transformer (2011)

This paper proposes new topology for high frequency isolation stage of intelligent transformer based on bi-directional current doubler rectifier (CDR). Paper provides complete steady-state analysis of the proposed bi-directional CDR in boost mode. To facilitate the understanding of operation, the converter equivalent circuits for each operating mode with corresponding waveforms are presented. Also, mathematical analysis is done and compared with simulation results.
Electric Field Induced Biomimetic Transmembrane Electron Transport Using Carbon Nanotube Porins (Small 32/2021) (2021)

Carbon Nanotube Porins In article number 2102517, Frankie J. Rawson and co-workers report the use of carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs) as voltage dependant-anion channel mimics. CNTPs are inserted into the membrane of neuronal cells. On applying an electric field, gold ions are reduced at the membrane interface containing the CNTPs via low voltage bipolar electrochemistry. Image credit: Dr. Leonora Martínez Núñez.
Real-time analysis of single influenza virus replication complexes reveals large promoter-dependent differences in initiation dynamics (2019)

The viral RNA (vRNA) genome of influenza viruses is replicated by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) via a complementary RNA (cRNA) intermediate. The vRNA promoter can adopt multiple conformations when bound by the RNAP. However, the dynamics, determinants, and biological role of these conformations are unknown; further, little is known about cRNA promoter conformations. To probe the RNA conformations adopted during initial replication, we monitored single, surface-immobilized vRNA and cRNA initiation complexes in real-time. Our results show that, while the 3' terminus of the vRNA promoter exists in dynamic equilibrium between pre-initiation and initiation conformations, the cRNA promoter exhibited very limited dynamics. Two residues in the proximal 3' region of the cRNA promoter (residues absent in the vRNA promoter) allowed the cRNA template strand to reach further into the active site, limiting promoter dynamics. Our results highlight promoter-dependent differences in influenza initiation mechanisms, and advance our understanding of virus replication.
Phonological feature-based speech recognition system for pronunciation training in non-native language learning (2018)

The authors address the question whether phonological features can be used effectively in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for pronunciation training in non-native language (L2) learning. Computer-aided pronunciation training consists of two essential tasks-detecting mispronunciations and providing corrective feedback, usually either on the basis of full words or phonemes. Phonemes, however, can be further disassembled into phonological features, which in turn define groups of phonemes. A phonological feature-based ASR system allows the authors to perform a sub-phonemic analysis at feature level, providing a more effective feedback to reach the acoustic goal and perceptual constancy. Furthermore, phonological features provide a structured way for analysing the types of errors a learner makes, and can readily convey which pronunciations need improvement. This paper presents the authors implementation of such an ASR system using deep neural networks as an acoustic model, and its use for detecting mispronunciations, analysing errors, and rendering corrective feedback. Quantitative as well as qualitative evaluations are carried out for German and Italian learners of English. In addition to achieving high accuracy of mispronunciation detection, the system also provides accurate diagnosis of errors.
The Influence of Cumulative Switch Delay in Multiple Service Class Networks (2001)

Future switches and routers must not only forward packets at high-speed, but also provide support for a diverse range of traffic services and at the same time, maintain the highest possible link utilization. Effects such as shaping, connection interference, and cell clumping, which can be induced by various buffering and scheduling schemes in switches, can directly influence the quality of service (QoS) provided by the network. A network of multiple asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches has been modelled to analyze the accumulated effects of switch delays and cell jitter. Degradation in the QoS across several switches and the relative amounts of degradation contributed by switch types, are obtained from the simulations. The results presented show that this analysis may be used to achieve better understanding of cell level QoS issues within a large network. Network and switch complexity may be reduced by exploiting information regarding the traffic mixture, switch type, and network topology. Such an approach allows architectures to be redesigned in an intelligent manner with regard to QoS issues and the functional classification of the switches within the network.
Effect of Barrel Length on the Muzzle Velocity and Report from a Mosin-Nagant 7.62x54R Rifle (2011)

The present paper describes an experimental study into the effects of barrel length for the Mosin Nagant 7.62x54R rifle. The parameters investigated were primarily the muzzle velocity and quality of sound produced i.e. report. The original barrel length of 28.75 inches was reduced to a final length of 16.75 inches in two inch increments. At each barrel length a digital chronograph was utilized to measure projectile velocity approximately ten feet downrange, while the sound profile was recorded via a microphone and audio software on a laptop computer. Testing took place in a single day, outdoors in a rural location in Manatee County, Florida. Weather conditions were sunny with a slight breeze, but the range was in a sheltered location between medium brush. 10 rounds of ammunition were fired for each barrel length in order to average the The Theoretical Rifle The barrel length is a pinnacle factor of consideration in the choice of any firearm; Robert A. Rinker continues “Barrel length is an important factor in bullet efficiency as it relates to chamber pressure and the expansion of gas … (barrel length is) important in relationship to velocity
Median filtering for power estimation in mobile communication systems (2002)

In mobile communications, accurate power estimation is important for power control and handoff decisions. Power estimation algorithms aim to filter out the fast variation in the received power due to multipath fading, and should ideally exhibit very low complexity. For this reason, linear filtering (local mean) is almost exclusively used for power estimation in practice. We derive the maximum likelihood estimator in an idealized setting, and motivated by the statistical properties of the multipath signal, we also propose median filtering for power estimation. Simulations show promising results, indicating gains in RMSE and robustness to increased window size.
Implications of Integrated CPU-GPU Processors on Thermal and Power\n Management Techniques (2018)

Heterogeneous processors with architecturally different cores (CPU and GPU)\nintegrated on the same die lead to new challenges and opportunities for thermal\nand power management techniques because of shared thermal/power budgets between\nthese cores. In this paper, we show that new parallel programming paradigms\n(e.g., OpenCL) for CPU-GPU processors create a tighter coupling between the\nworkload, the thermal/power management unit and the operating system. Using\ndetailed thermal and power maps of the die from infrared imaging, we\ndemonstrate that in contrast to traditional multi-core CPUs, heterogeneous\nprocessors exhibit higher coupled behavior for dynamic voltage and frequency\nscaling and workload scheduling, in terms of their effect on performance,\npower, and temperature. Further, we show that by taking the differences in core\narchitectures and relative proximity of different computing cores on the die\ninto consideration, better scheduling schemes could be implemented to reduce\nboth the power density and peak temperature of the die. The findings presented\nin the paper can be used to improve thermal and power efficiency of\nheterogeneous CPU-GPU processors.\n
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of ω-[N-Methyl-N-(3-alkylcarbamoyloxyphenyl)- methyl]aminoalkoxyheteroaryl Derivatives (1998)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are one of the most actively investigated classes of compounds in the search for an effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This work describes the synthesis, AChE inhibitory activity, and structure-activity relationships of some compounds related to a recently discovered series of AChE inhibitors: the omega-[N-methyl-N-(3-alkylcarbamoyloxyphenyl)methyl]aminoalkoxy xanthen-9-ones. The influence of structural variations on the inhibitory potency was carefully investigated by modifying different parts of the parent molecule, and a theoretical model of the binding of one representative compound to the enzyme was developed. The biological properties of the series were investigated in some detail by considering not only the activity on isolated enzyme but the selectivity with respect to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and the in vitro inhibitory activity on rat cerebral cortex as well. Some of the newly synthesized derivatives, when tested on isolated and/or AChE-enriched rat brain cortex fraction, displayed a selective inhibitory activity and were more active than physostigmine. In particular, compound 13, an azaxanthone derivative, displayed the best rat cortex AChE inhibition (190-fold higher than physostigmine), as well as a high degree of enzyme selectivity (over 60-fold more selective for AChE than for BuChE). When tested in the isolated enzyme, compound 13 was less active, suggesting some differences either in drug availability/biotransformation or in the inhibitor-sensitive residues of the enzyme when biologically positioned in rat brain membranes.
An introduction to flexible couplings (1996)

The basic function of a coupling is to transmit torque from a prime mover (eg. electric motor, steam turbine) to a functional machine (eg. pump, compressor). Indirect coupling of machinery, using flat or V-section belts or chain drives, is used extensively in some industries, but friction losses and slippage losses tend to reduce their efficiency. Direct coupling of machines overcomes these problems and also results in a more compact machinery layout.