gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Deep Journey from Content to Collaborative Filtering. (2016)

In Recommender Systems research, algorithms are often characterized as either Collaborative Filtering (CF) or Content Based (CB). CF algorithms are trained using a dataset of user explicit or implicit preferences while CB algorithms are typically based on item profiles. These approaches harness very different data sources hence the resulting recommended items are generally also very different. This paper presents a novel model that serves as a bridge from items content into their CF representations. We introduce a multiple input deep regression model to predict the CF latent embedding vectors of items based on their textual description and metadata. We showcase the effectiveness of the proposed model by predicting the CF vectors of movies and apps based on their textual descriptions. Finally, we show that the model can be further improved by incorporating metadata such as the movie release year and tags which contribute to a higher accuracy.
WE‐G‐217BCD‐04: Diagnostic Image Quality Evaluation of a Dedicated Extremity Cone‐ Beam CT Scanner: Pre‐Clinical Studies and First Clinical Results (2012)

The prototype CBCT scanner provides isotropic spatial resolution superior to standard-protocol MDCT with soft-tissue visibility sufficient for a broad range of diagnostic tasks in musculoskeletal radiology. Dosimetry and workflow were advantageous in comparison to whole-body MDCT. Multi-mode and weight-bearing capabilities add valuable functionality. An ongoing clinical study further assesses diagnostic utility and defines the role of such technology in the diagnostic arsenal. - Research Grant, Carestream Health - Research Grant, National Institutes of Health 2R01-CA-112163.
Finite Deformation Behavior of Elastomers: Dependence of Strain Energy Density on Degree of Crosslinking for SBR (1978)

Abstract The non-linear mechanical behavior of styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) having five different crosslink densities ( ν e ) has been determined in large deformation biaxial stress-relaxation tests of thin-sheet specimens. A significant experimental development was the use of individual strain gages at the specimen support points to determine directly the stress distribution in the web. The tests indicated the separability of strain and time effects for extension ratios up to 3.0 for the most lightly crosslinked SBR. Long-time data showed the equilibrium shear modulus G e to be directly proportional to ν e . The ratio W/G e was independent of crosslinking so that the strain energy density W has the same functional strain dependence for all SBR systems.
Selenium disulfide: a key ingredient to rebalance the scalp microbiome and sebum quality in the management of dandruff (2023)

SeS2 is beneficial in scalp dandruff, even after treatment interruption. It is well tolerated, rebalances the equilibrium between the main bacterial and fungal populations, and improves sebum quality.
Comparable effects of Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil – the three licensed inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5– on portal haemodynamics (2006)

Introduction: Most complications of liver cirrhosis are caused by or linked to portal hypertension (PH). Beta-blockers, organic nitrates or vasopressin derivatives lower portal pressure by a decrease of portal venous inflow. We had previously shown that Vardenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5), decreases intrahepatic sinusoidal resistance, increases portal flow and lowers portal pressure. We investigated whether this effect can be found with Sildenafil and Tadalafil as well.
Characterization of interfacial bonding strength at Al(Si)/diamond interfaces by neutron diffraction: Effect of diamond surface termination and processing conditions (2020)

Interfacial bonding plays a vital role and is of eminent importance for thermo-physical and mechanical properties in particulate and fibrous composites. Moreover, the formation of interfacial carbides in the reactive system Al/diamond dominates the thermal and mechanical response. The amount of interfacial carbides can be controlled by the nominal composition of the matrix and process parameters like contact times between the liquid aluminium and the diamond particles during and the surface termination of the diamonds before the liquid metal infiltration processing. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed to study the influence of those parameters on interfacial bonding strength and show a direct correlation between thermo-physical properties, concentration of interfacial aluminium-carbide Al4C3 and micro strain concentrations during neutron diffraction experiment. Furthermore, the oxygenation of the diamond particle surface has a major contribution to the interfacial bonding and thermal conductivity of the composites, respectively. This effect, however, almost diminishes when Al3Si is used as a matrix.
Monocyte recruitment and activated inflammation are associated with thyroid carcinogenesis in a mouse model. (2019)

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Although an association between inflammation and thyroid cancer has long been recognized, a cause-effect relationship at the molecular level has yet to be elucidated. We explored how inflammation could contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis in <i>Thrb<sup>PV/PV</sup>Pten<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice. The <i>Thrb<sup>PV/PV</sup>Pten<sup>+/-</sup></i> mouse expresses a dominantly negative thyroid hormone receptor β (denoted as PV) and a deletion of one single allele of the Pten gene. This mutant mouse exhibits aggressive follicular thyroid cancer similarly as in patients. We found significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory monocytes in thyroid tumors of <i>Thrb<sup>PV/PV</sup>Pten<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice, while no apparent changes in monocyte homeostasis in the bone marrow and blood of tumor-bearing mice. Using global gene expression profiling, we found altered expression of inflammation mediators in that the expression of Ptgs1, Sphk1, OPN, Chil1, Tnfrsf18, IL6, and Ccl12 genes was significantly increased and expression of Kit, Ly96, Ephx2, CD163, IL15, and Ccr2 was significantly decreased. Subsequent validation of the gene expression by mRNA analysis prompted us to further delineate the inflammatory role of osteopontin (OPN) in thyroid carcinogenesis because of its critical role in monocyte/macrophage functions and proinflammatory responses. We found that the protein abundance of OPN and its receptor, integrin β1, was highly increased and, concurrently, the downstream effectors AKT and NF-κB were significantly elevated to drive thyroid tumor progression of <i>Thrb<sup>PV/PV</sup>Pten<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice. These results demonstrated that increased inflammation driven by elevated expression of immune-related genes and cytokines promoted thyroid cancer progression. Importantly, we uncovered OPN as a novel regulator in inflammatory response during thyroid carcinogenesis. These preclinical findings suggested that OPN can be a potential target for thyroid cancer therapy via modulation of inflammatory signaling.
Conducting Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives as Fast Electrochromics with High-Contrast Ratios (1998)

A series of alkyl-substituted and unsubstituted poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)s were synthesized electrochemically using 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene derivative monomers where either the size of the alkylenedioxy ring or the nature of the pendent group was varied. The specific systems studied include 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine (EDOT-Me), 2-tetradecyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine (EDOT-C14H29), 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine (EDOT-Ph), 3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT), 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT-Me), 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxocine (BuDOT), and 5,10-dihydrobenzo[f]thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxocine (BuDOT-Xyl). Optoelectrochemical experiments revealed that the nature of the substitution on the polymers had little effect on the extent of conjugation of the backbone as evidenced by electronic band gaps for all polymers of approximately 1.7 eV (730 nm). These electrochromic polymers switch from a relatively transmissive light green in the oxidized form to an opaque dark blue in the reduced form, with the highest electrochromic contrast ratios accessible for PBuDOT and PEDOT-C14H29. Multiple switching studies monitoring the electrochromic contrast showed that ca. 300 nm thick polymer films could be fully switched between their reduced and oxidized forms in 0.8−2.2 s with Δ%T of 44−63%. In situ conductivity studies carried out on relatively thick polymer films (2.7−9.5 μm) deposited between large gap (200 μm) lateral growth electrodes demonstrated the low-potential turn-on for these materials, and maximum conductivities of 0.2−12.1 S/cm were attained.
Frontispiece: Non‐Uniform and Absolute Minimal Sampling for High‐Throughput Multidimensional NMR Applications (2018)

High-throughput analysis of complex biological mixtures can greatly benefit from the speed-up of multidimensional NMR experiments achieved by non-uniform sampling methods in combination with novel spectral reconstruction algorithms. Recent progress is reviewed with an emphasis on homonuclear 2D experiments along with their automated analysis and interpretation on page 11535 ff.
Practical Method for Estimation of Fatigue Strength of Spot Welded Joint (2023)

It is natural to see the edge of the nugget in spot weld joint as a sharp notch or a crack. In this sense, the driving force for fatigue crack growth can be estimated using fracture parameter such as the range of stress intensity factor ΔK. In this research, Equivalent Stress Intensity Factor Range ΔKeq defined through integration of stress field is employed as a parameter. The primary advantage of ΔKeq is its simplicity in computation. It is known that fatigue strengths of spot welded joints are influenced by various factors, such as plate thickness, nugget diameter, number of spot welds and their arrangement, geometry of welded component, combined loading condition and welding residual stress. The effects of these factors can be estimated in a consistent manner using the proposed method which is based on ΔKeq and the master curve identified from experimental data. Its potential usefulness for fatigue design is demonstrated through typical examples.
Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light-emitting diodes: Implications for device efficiency calculations (2000)

The electroluminescence (EL) pattern emitted through the surface and edge of the glass substrate of two efficient polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been characterized. The surface emission is nearly Lambertian, while the edge emission comprises discrete substrate reflection and leaky waveguide modes. A simple “half-space” optical model that accounts for optical interference effects of the metal cathode–reflector is developed to extract the location and orientation of the emitting dipoles from these patterns. Numerical simulations for a range of polymer and metal refractive indices show that the surface out-coupling efficiency ξ of the internally generated photons can be greater than the 0.5 n−2 relation (where n is the refractive index of the emitter layer) valid for isotropic emitters that are not subjected to optical interference effects. When the emitting dipoles are optimally located for maximum rate of surface emission, the model predicts ξ to vary as 0.75 n−2 for the isotropic case, and as 1.2 n−2 for the in-plane case. For our LEDs, we found that the EL arises from in-plane dipoles that are on average almost optimally located away from the cathode. Using this result, the internal EL quantum yield is estimated to be close to 50% of the free-space photoluminescence yield of the emitter for the devices. This indicates excellent injection balance and recombination efficiency of the charge carriers. By also taking into account of optical interference effects on the radiative rate, we deduced that the lower limit for the probability of forming an emissive singlet exciton from electrical injection is 35%–45% in these conjugated polymers. This greatly exceeds the 25% probability from spin-degeneracy statistics.
THE USE OF DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION FOR DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOME BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (CYANOPHYCEAE) (1977)

A DNA-DNA hybridization membrane filter method suitable for blue-green algal DNA was developed. One of the main obstacles, the high amount of aspecific binding of the blue-green algal DNA to filters, could be resolved by means of an additional purification step involving isopycnic centrifugation of the thoroughly purified DNA. Application on DNA of several strains of blue-green algae indicates that this method is useful for taxonomic purposes.
Oxide Spallation During Post-isothermal High Temperature Oxidation Cooling of Cr-rich Cast Alloys Highly Alloyed with Hf (2016)

Cobalt, nickel and iron-based alloys containing 25wt.%Cr and strengthened either by chromium carbides or by HfC were oxidized at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C to obtain external oxide scales. The spallation of these oxides during the post-oxidation cooling was studied by exploiting the cooling part of the thermogravimetry curves. The best resistant alloys against scale spallation were the iron-based alloys which did not lose oxide. The nickel-based alloys well behaved too. The worst alloys were the cobalt alloys, principally due to the complex composition of the oxide scales. Beside the base element, the thickness of the oxide was also identified as a major parameter. The presence of Hf with contents much higher than usual was also beneficial for the resistance against spallation.
Characterization of a symbol rate timing recovery technique for a 2B1Q digital receiver (1994)

This paper presents a study of several implementations of the Mueller and Muller symbol rate timing recovery algorithm (1976) for ISDN transmission over digital subscriber loops (DSL). Implementations of this algorithm using various estimates of a specified timing function are investigated. It will be shown that despite the fact that all of the estimates considered are derived based on one set of conditions, their performance varies widely in a real system. The intrinsic properties of these estimates are first analyzed, then their performance on real subscriber loops is studied through extensive simulations of a practical digital receiver. The effect of various system parameters such as channel distortion and additive noise are included. Possible sources of convergence problems are also identified and corrective action proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How to engage design students to become problem finders as well as problem solvers (2018)

Due to a changing economic, social, cultural and technological landscape design problemshave become more complicated with the role of the designer expanding. Designers aremoving from just responding to a brief from a client to also actively engaging with usersand stakeholders to become problem finders as well as problem solvers . In order tomeet these challenges design education must equip students with the skills to seek outnew opportunities for design solutions. This article outlines a methodology adopted anddeveloped to guide Product Design students in carrying out primary research to identifythe needs of users and stakeholders in any given context. The methodology was developedin the course of conducting a number of projects at University Limerick (UL) in conjunctionwith University Limerick Smarter travel over a three year period. Its effectiveness isoutlined and the extent to which students were able to develop a mind-set that enabledthe uncovering of insights that led to innovative solutions is examined. Furthermore, thechallenges faced by the students are also explored.
Structure‐activity relationship of the peptide binding‐motif mediating the BRCA2:RAD51 protein–protein interaction (2016)

RAD51 is a recombinase involved in the homologous recombination of double-strand breaks in DNA. RAD51 forms oligomers by binding to another molecule of RAD51 via an 'FxxA' motif, and the same recognition sequence is similarly utilised to bind BRCA2. We have tabulated the effects of mutation of this sequence, across a variety of experimental methods and from relevant mutations observed in the clinic. We use mutants of a tetrapeptide sequence to probe the binding interaction, using both isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. Where possible, comparison between our tetrapeptide mutational study and the previously reported mutations is made, discrepancies are discussed and the importance of secondary structure in interpreting alanine scanning and mutational data of this nature is considered.
Dual Toxin-Producing Strain of Clostridium botulinum Type Bf Isolated from a California Patient with Infant Botulism (2004)

A retrospective study of Clostridium botulinum strains isolated from patients from California with infant botulism identified the fourth known C. botulinum strain that produces both type B and type F botulinum toxins. This unique strain represented 0.12% of the California infant botulism case isolates from 1976 to 2003. The relative concentrations of type B and F toxins produced were temperature dependent.
A procedural logic (1985)

Much of our commonsense knowledge about the real world is concerned with the way things are done. This knowledge is often in the form of procedures or sequences of actions for achieving particular goals. In this paper, a formalism is presented for representing such knowledge based on the notion of process. A declarative semantics for the representation is given, which allows a user to state facts about the effects of doing things in the problem domain of interest. An operational semantics is also provided, which shows how this knowledge can be used to achieve given goals or to form intentions regarding their achievement. The formalism also serves as an executable program specification language suitable for constructing complex systems.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions in Ontario, Canada; An Interrupted Time Series Analysis (2021)

The reduction in outpatient antibiotic prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic was driven by less antibiotic prescribing for respiratory indications and largely explained by decreased visits for respiratory infections.
Serological typing scheme for bk‐like isolates of human polyomavirus (1989)

Human polyomavirus BK-like isolates were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis with the enzymes EcoRI and Hind III. End-point dilution was used to obtain homogeneous virus pools for DNA analysis and to remove JC virus from a mixed stock. The results of Hind III digestion suggested that two subgroups could be distinguished. Several BK-like isolates were purified and rabbit antisera raised. The isolates were compared with each other and with BK and JC viruses by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and by neutralisation. JC virus was serologically distinct, but all the other isolates showed some cross-reactivity. Two subgroups were again evident: GS and PG were with prototype BK in subgroup 1, and MG and IV were in subgroup 2. Two isolates, AS and SB, reacted with isolates of both subgroups 1 and 2 but were distinct from one another: their genome was similar to subgroup 1 isolates. Typing by HI or by neutralisation may form a basis for grouping BK-like polyomavirus isolates.
Production of Energy from Biomass: near Or Distant Future Prospects? (2016)

The article is devoted to assessing the prospects for the production of energy from biomass. Based on the experience of European countries Europeans are studying the conditions for successful implementation of such projects, analyzing the government's plans to develop the market in Russia. In Russia, on basis of SWOT-analysis perspectives for the production of energy from waste timber industry, set off those that are environmental factors and internal properties of the technologies that should be considered when developing the widespread use of biomass for energy production strategy. The study draws conclusions about the competitiveness of energy production from biomass technologies among substitutes and the need for governmental support for their developments.
Sequencing and Expression of the Gene Encoding theClostridium stercorariumβ-Xylosidase Xyl43B inEscherichia coli (2004)

The Clostridium stercorarium F-9 xyl43B gene encoding the beta-xylosidase Xyl43B consists of an open reading frame of 1,491 nucleotides that encodes a putative protein, classified in family 43, of 497 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 56,355. The deduced amino acid sequence of Xyl43B has sequence similarity with beta-xylosidases from Bacteriodes thetaiotaomicron (57% sequence identity), Prevotella ruminicola (45%), Streptomyces coelicolor (40%), and Clostridium acetobutylicum (36%), all of which have been classified in family 43 of the glycoside hydrolases. Xyl43B was purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli and characterized. The optimum pH of the purified enzyme was 3.5 and it was stable over pH from 3.0 to 8.0. Its optimum temperature was 80 degrees C and it showed thermostability in the temperature range from 50 to 70 degrees C. Xyl43B had a K(m) of 6.2 mM and a V(max) of 15 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside.
Fact or Opinion?: A Conversation Starter on Educational Reform (2012)

After we agreed to write this article, we began looking for a meaningful quote that might set the tone for our message. When we saw Emerson’s words above, we resisted them because “opin-ion ” is simply a personal view or belief. Surely personal views and beliefs should not be the basis for reforming public education, right? But when we explored the definition of “opinion ” further, we found that an opinion could also be “a conclusion of fact.” Imagine what could happen if education reform at all levels (i.e., classrooms, schools, districts, states, and teacher preparation) were based on conclusions of fact. Opinion
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrolysis of Terminal Isopropylidene Ketals (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved MUSIC Under the Coexistence of Both Circular and Noncircular Sources (2008)

In array signal processing, the inner structure of the signals could possibly be exploited to improve the performance of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations. One typical scenario has been discussed in [P. Chage, Y. Wang, and J. Saillard, ldquoA Root-MUSIC Algorithm for Non-Circular Sources,rdquo Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing (ICASSP), Salt Lake City, UT, May 2001, pp. 7-11], where all the incoming signals are supposed to be sent by noncircular PAM/BPSK sources. A modified MUSIC algorithm was then developed to improve the DOA estimation accuracy, as well as to increase the maximum number of detectable signals. However, it is more realistic that some users send noncircular symbols while other users still send circular symbols. In this correspondence, we develop an algorithm to cope with this more general scenario. By exploiting the redundancy existing in the noncircular signals, the proposed algorithm can still increase the maximum number of detectable signals and improve the performance accuracy compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm. Simulation results clearly show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Adaptive correction of tooth inclination in gear transmissions (2013)

A gear with increased axial dimension is proposed for the oil and gas industries. That design increases the load capacity without increasing the radius. The possible skewing in this design is compensated by means of a special planetary transmission.