gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type-preserving compilation of Featherweight Java (2002)

We present an efficient encoding of core Java constructs in a simple, implementable typed intermediate language. The encoding, after type erasure, has the same operational behavior as a standard implementation using vtables and self-application for method invocation. Classes inherit super-class methods with no overhead. We support mutually recursive classes while preserving separate compilation. Our strategy extends naturally to a significant subset of Java, including interfaces and privacy. The formal translation using Featherweight Java allows comprehensible type-preservation proofs and serves as a starting point for extending the translation to new features. Our work provides a foundation for supporting certifying compilation of Java-like class-based languages in a type-theoretic framework.
ChemInform Abstract: Diamagnetic ⇄ Paramagnetic Equilibria in Solutions of Bis(dialkylphosphino)ethane Complexes of Iron. (1988)

Abstract The Fe(II) complexes (I) are prepared from corresponding Fe(II) halides and diphosphines in Et 2 O or THF.
Material science and device physics in SiC technology for high-voltage power devices (2015)

Power semiconductor devices are key components in power conversion systems. Silicon carbide (SiC) has received increasing attention as a wide-bandgap semiconductor suitable for high-voltage and low-loss power devices. Through recent progress in the crystal growth and process technology of SiC, the production of medium-voltage (600–1700 V) SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) and power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) has started. However, basic understanding of the material properties, defect electronics, and the reliability of SiC devices is still poor. In this review paper, the features and present status of SiC power devices are briefly described. Then, several important aspects of the material science and device physics of SiC, such as impurity doping, extended and point defects, and the impact of such defects on device performance and reliability, are reviewed. Fundamental issues regarding SiC SBDs and power MOSFETs are also discussed.
Assessing Collision Cross Section Calibration Strategies for Traveling Wave-Based Ion Mobility Separations in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (2020)

The collision cross section (CCS) is an important property that aids in the structural characterization of molecules. Here, we investigated the CCS calibration accuracy with traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) separations in structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) using three sets of calibrants. A series of singly negatively charged phospholipids and bile acids were calibrated in nitrogen buffer gas using two different TW waveform profiles (square and sine) and amplitudes (20, 25, and 30 V<sub>0-p</sub>). The calibration errors for the three calibrant sets (Agilent tuning mixture, polyalanine, and one assembled in-house) showed negligible differences using a sine-shaped TW waveform. Calibration errors were all within 1-2% of the drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) measurements, with lower errors for sine waveforms, presumably due to the lower average and maximum fields experienced by ions. Finally, ultrahigh-resolution multipass (long path length) SLIM TWIMS separations demonstrated improved CCS calibration for phospholipid and bile acid isomers.
JMML patient-derived iPSCs induce new hypotheses (2013)

In this issue of Blood, Gandre-Babbe et al have, in part, overcome the obstacle of validating the molecular underpinnings of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) with the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from individuals with JMML.
The Genotype Combination of the P2Y12 Gene Might Confer Greater Risk for Coronary Artery Disease. (2006)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2Y12 plays a central role in platelet function, and this receptor is therapeutic target for thrombotic disorders. Previously, the P2Y12 gene was reported to have genetic polymorphisms, H1H2 haplotype (C139T, T744C, insertion 801A, and G52T) and C34T. The effect of these polymorphisms on the risk for arterial thrombosis, however, remains controversial. In this study, we screened the sequence variations in the P2Y12 gene, and performed case-control study to investigate the association between P2Y12 polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Written informed consent was obtained from all study subjects who were Japanese males. Screening of polymorphisms in the P2Y12 gene comprising exon1, exon2, and intron1 was analyzed in 20 control subjects. As a result, new haplotypes were defined: haplotype A: 145C, 139C, 744T, and 1210T, haplotype B: 145T, 139T, 744C, insertion 801A, and 1210C. The G52T and C34T polymorphism were not linked with this haplotype. We next analyzed the relationship between these P2Y12 polymorphisms and susceptibility of CAD in a case-control study. One hundred and two patients with CAD were recruited at Keio University Hospital with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. CAD patients whose coronary lesions were confirmed by coronary angiography (identified stenosis ≥50%) were eligible for this study. To match CAD patients for sex and age at diagnosis of CAD, 257 healthy control subjects were recruited at their regular checkups. They had no clinical or laboratory evidence of past vascular disorders. Genotypes of the AB, C34T, and G52T polymorphisms were determined by single nucleotide primer extension-based method. We observed that the genotype frequencies of the AB (AA vs AB+BB), C34T (CC vs CT+TT), and G52T (GG vs GT+TT) did not differ between the CAD and control groups (p= 0.0635 for AB, p=0.2090 for C34T, and p=0.0816 for G52T). When study subjects were divided into the combination of two homozygous carriers (genotype combination), the AA and 34CC genotypes, and other genotypes (others), the frequency of genotype combination in CAD patients was significantly higher than that in controls (p=0.0058). Moreover, association of the genotype combination with the prevalence of CAD, adjusted for other risk factors (body mass index, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus), was analyzed by a multiple logistic regression model, and adjusted odds ratio was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1–3.5, p=0.0147) for the relation between CAD and the genotype combination. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of AA haplotype and 34CC genotype is highly associated with the risk of CAD. The present data point out the importance of genotypic combination, but not single specific polymorphism, to examine the association between CAD and P2Y12 polymorphisms.
PEDS9: Acute Porcine Studies Evaluating a Growth Adaptive Pediatric Heart Valve (2022)

Valve defects are the most common congenital heart defect, often requiring several surgeries from infancy for survival. There is no suitable solution specifically for infants with valve diameters <15mm. We aim to create a pediatric heart valve (PHV) that will expand while maintaining function over a doubling in valve diameter (7-14 mm) as the patient grows to be 5-6 years old. Over the past year, we have further developed our PHV and tested in two piglets for acute implantation and performance studies. In vivo and ex vivo measurements of juvenile porcine heart tissue was conducted to inform stent design. Using nonlinear finite element analysis, we modeled the performance of the stent design to reach a target force profile. The stents were laser cut in Nitinol, key dimensions were measured, and radial force testing was conducted to verify the designs performance. We sutured a femoral valve to the inside of the stents and avoided the use of a tissue skirt to reduce instances of thrombosis. The assembled valves were implanted into two Yucatan piglets (5.0-5.5 kg, PA Diameter ~8.5mm). Anatomical measurements of the pulmonary artery (PA) and pulmonary valve (PV) were taken using epicardial echocardiography and calipers. The valve and stents were sutured together successfully and showed to be functional via bench testing. The stent’s final maximum radial force was higher than predicted but still functional within an acute animal study. In the first study, a compressed stent was inserted with 4 sutures. We found the suturing and placement between the annulus and PA to be inadequate. In the second study, a stent in the expanded state was inserted more distally into the PA with 8 sutures. Implantation was complicated by the expanded state and the stent not conforming to the curved PA geometry. Despite the challenges, the valve maintained its function. Additional work is underway to optimize implantation strategy and PHV function for survival studies. Sponsor Acknowledgment Statement: This work was supported by the DoD USAMRAA through the Pediatric Heart Valve under Award No. W81XWH-20-1-0295, “Growth-Adaptive Pediatric Heart Valves: Addressing a Critical Unmet Need for Infants and Young Children That Saves Lives and Reduces Surgeries”. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the DoD USAMRAA.
Utilization of radioligands in schizophrenia research. (1995)

Interest in the role of monoaminergic mechanisms in schizophrenia has stimulated the development of specific radioligands that allow PET analysis of quantitative aspects of monoamine receptor subtypes in the living human brain. Clinical studies with such ligands have not consistently demonstrated specific alterations of the total populations of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the caudate putamen complex of drug-naive schizophrenic patients. However, recent studies using [11C]SCH 23390, a specific D1 dopamine receptor ligand, disclosed a highly significant reduction of ligand binding in pixel elements of the basal ganglia that normally contain high activity. This finding may be related to reduced D1 dopamine regulated transmission in subsets of neuronal pathways within the basal ganglia. D3, D4, and D5 receptor subtypes constitute minor fractions of the total number of dopamine receptors in the human brain. However, efforts to find selective ligands for D3 and D4 subtypes also show promise. Radioligands for monoamine receptors have also been used to follow drug effects on receptor subtypes in schizophrenic patients treated with different types of antipsychotic drugs. Such studies have allowed the analysis of relationships between occupancy of dopamine receptor subtypes and some clinical manifestations of drug treatment. Such studies with the selective D2 antagonist raclopride indicated quantitative relationships between the degree of D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in the basal ganglia and the extrapyramidal manifestations, as well as the antipsychotic action. Some of the currently available antipsychotic drugs also induced significant occupancy of D1 dopamine receptors. However, the selective D1 antagonist SCH 39166 in doses inducing a more than 70% occupancy of D1 dopamine receptors in the caudate putamen failed to induce an antipsychotic action. This indicates that, in contrast to D2 blockade, selective antagonism of D1-regulated pathways does not mediate antipsychotic action in schizophrenia. Some but not all antipsychotic drugs also induced high occupancy of neocortical 5HT2A receptors. Because selective 5HT2A antagonism does not appear to be an efficient treatment for schizophrenia, it seems most likely that 5HT2A receptors and, perhaps, D1 receptors act in concert to modify aspects of the mandatory D2 blockade to induce antipsychotic actions. Computer graphic methods for image analysis add new dimensions to brain imaging research, allowing three-dimensional visualization of receptor populations computed from molecular PET data. This will make possible further exploration of the detailed molecular compartmentalization of the human brain using radioligand binding.
The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP): a control perspective (2012)

Abstract The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has been designed as a method to compare a set of benchmark geoengineering interventions across modelling groups within the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). While we agree with the objectives of GeoMIP, this paper describes how the present experimental design could be extended by adding a simple control component. Using a model predictive control framework we show this control provides an automated solution for the problem of balancing radiative forcings within a climate model as required by the G1 and G2 GeoMIP scenarios. By automating this process, the control removes the need for trial‐and‐error model run iterations as suggested by the present guidelines. In addition, the control allows for some further standardization of the experimental conditions, potentially making inference of the side effects of geoengineering more straightforward. Finally, the control provides an interesting analogue for geoengineering deployment governed by a policy agent acting under conditions of uncertainty over the effectiveness of the technology. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Max-Min SNR Signal Energy based Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Networks with Noise Variance Uncertainty (2013)

This paper proposes novel spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio networks. By assuming known transmitter pulse shaping filter, synchronous and asynchronous receiver scenarios have been considered. For each of these scenarios, the proposed algorithm is explained as follows: First, by introducing a combiner vector, an over-sampled signal of total duration equal to the symbol period is combined linearly. Second, for this combined signal, the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) maximization and minimization problems are formulated as Rayleigh quotient optimization problems. Third, by using the solutions of these problems, the ratio of the signal energy corresponding to the maximum and minimum SNRs are proposed as a test statistics. For this test statistics, analytical probability of false alarm ($P_f$) and detection ($P_d$) expressions are derived for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The proposed algorithms are robust against noise variance uncertainty. The generalization of the proposed algorithms for unknown transmitter pulse shaping filter has also been discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve better $P_d$ than that of the Eigenvalue decomposition and energy detection algorithms in AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels with noise variance uncertainty. The proposed algorithms also guarantee the desired $P_f(P_d)$ in the presence of adjacent channel interference signals.
Analog of superradiant emission in thermal emitters (2015)

When wave effects of thermal photons become significant, thermal emitters can exhibit intriguing coherent effects. Here, we show that the superradiant emission, which was originally found in quantum emitters, can be realized in resonant thermal emitters. Similar to the superradiance in quantum emitters, the in-phase oscillation of resonant emitters reduces the lifetime of thermal photons in the emitters. Unlike the atomic superradiance, one remarkable consequence of the thermal superradiance is the anomalous power scaling, where the emission power can scale inversely with the number of thermal emitters. More thermal emitters generate less power due to the coherent interference of thermal photons.
Abscisic Acid Regulates Inflammation via Ligand-binding Domain-independent Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (2010)

Abscisic acid (ABA) has shown efficacy in the treatment of diabetes and inflammation; however, its molecular targets and the mechanisms of action underlying its immunomodulatory effects remain unclear. This study investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) as molecular targets for ABA. We demonstrate that ABA increases PPAR γ reporter activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and increases ppar γ expression in vivo, although it does not bind to the ligand-binding domain of PPAR γ. LANCL2 knockdown studies provide evidence that ABA-mediated activation of macrophage PPAR γ is dependent on lancl2 expression. Consistent with the association of LANCL2 with G proteins, we provide evidence that ABA increases cAMP accumulation in immune cells. ABA suppresses LPS-induced prostaglandin E(2) and MCP-1 production via a PPAR γ-dependent mechanism possibly involving activation of PPAR γ and suppression of NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells. LPS challenge studies in PPAR γ-expressing and immune cell-specific PPAR γ null mice demonstrate that ABA down-regulates toll-like receptor 4 expression in macrophages and T cells in vivo through a PPAR γ-dependent mechanism. Global transcriptomic profiling and confirmatory quantitative RT-PCR suggest novel candidate targets and demonstrate that ABA treatment mitigates the effect of LPS on the expression of genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and cell signaling, in part, through PPAR γ. In conclusion, ABA decreases LPS-mediated inflammation and regulates innate immune responses through a bifurcating pathway involving LANCL2 and an alternative, ligand-binding domain-independent mechanism of PPAR γ activation.
Supplementary Figure 1 from NOTCH Signaling Regulates Asymmetric Cell Fate of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Colon Cancer–Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of BMI1+/LGR5+ CCIC-1 asymmetric daughter cell pairs.&lt;/p&gt;
Alpha, Betti and the Megaparsec Universe: on the Topology of the Cosmic\n Web (2013)

We study the topology of the Megaparsec Cosmic Web in terms of the\nscale-dependent Betti numbers, which formalize the topological information\ncontent of the cosmic mass distribution. While the Betti numbers do not fully\nquantify topology, they extend the information beyond conventional cosmological\nstudies of topology in terms of genus and Euler characteristic. The richer\ninformation content of Betti numbers goes along the availability of fast\nalgorithms to compute them.\n For continuous density fields, we determine the scale-dependence of Betti\nnumbers by invoking the cosmologically familiar filtration of sublevel or\nsuperlevel sets defined by density thresholds. For the discrete galaxy\ndistribution, however, the analysis is based on the alpha shapes of the\nparticles. These simplicial complexes constitute an ordered sequence of nested\nsubsets of the Delaunay tessellation, a filtration defined by the scale\nparameter, $\\alpha$. As they are homotopy equivalent to the sublevel sets of\nthe distance field, they are an excellent tool for assessing the topological\nstructure of a discrete point distribution. In order to develop an intuitive\nunderstanding for the behavior of Betti numbers as a function of $\\alpha$, and\ntheir relation to the morphological patterns in the Cosmic Web, we first study\nthem within the context of simple heuristic Voronoi clustering models.\n Subsequently, we address the topology of structures emerging in the standard\nLCDM scenario and in cosmological scenarios with alternative dark energy\ncontent. The evolution and scale-dependence of the Betti numbers is shown to\nreflect the hierarchical evolution of the Cosmic Web and yields a promising\nmeasure of cosmological parameters. We also discuss the expected Betti numbers\nas a function of the density threshold for superlevel sets of a Gaussian random\nfield.\n
A cooperative MAC protocol for wireless local area networks (2005)

In this paper, a novel idea of user cooperation in wireless networks has been exploited to improve the performance of the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol. The new MAC protocol leverages the multi-rate capability of IEEE 802.11b and allows the mobile stations (STA) far away from the access point (AP) to transmit at a higher rate by using an intermediate station as a relay. Two specific variations of the new MAC protocol, namely CoopMAC I and CoopMAC II, are introduced in the paper. Both are able to increase the throughput of the whole network and reduce the average packet delay. Moreover, CoopMAC II also maintains backward compatibility with the legacy 802.11 protocol. The performance improvement is further evaluated by analysis and extensive simulations.
Hydrogen bonds prevent obtaining high molar mass PHUs (2017)

ABSTRACT Poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHUs) are desired to replace PolyUrethanes (PUs) which are synthesized using harmful isocyanates. Nevertheless, the synthesis of PHUs starting from cyclocarbonates and amines displays two major drawbacks: the low reactivity observed during the opening of (poly)cyclocarbonates by (poly)amines and the low molar masses of polymers obtained. Currently, intensive work is carried out in order to increase the efficiency of the aminolysis of cyclocarbonates reaction but very few is dedicated to explaining the limitations of molar masses of PHUs. This article aims at demonstrating that the low molar masses can be explained by the existence of side reactions and the incomplete conversion of monomers during the polymerization. These conclusions were obtained after complete DSC and NMR studies that evidence that the incomplete conversion of monomers and therefore the low molar masses are caused mainly by hydrogen bonding and partly by the formation of urea. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44958.
Determination of Sampling Frequencies for Sampling Control of Servo System with Multi-Samplers (1993)

This paper is concerned with determination of sampling frequencies for digital control of servo system such as industrial robots and industrial machines. Recently, digital control of servo system has been widely accepted in industrial fields. However, delay time caused by computational time of the digital control causes deterioration of control performances if the sampling frequency of the sampler is not appropriate one. We had proposed a method for a requisite sampling frequency for a single sampler system. The result was derived based on theoretical background and gave a reasonable one. We further developed the previous work of the sampling frequency. In this study, we investigated the determination of two sampling frequencies for position loop and velocity loop of multi-samplers servo system. The problem was analysed in S plane, but not in Z plane, then the derivation of the formula for appropriate sampling frequencies was successful. By using the formula and the given system parameters of an equipment such as gains, we can obtain appropriate sampling frequencies for position loop and velocity loop of the servo system easily. The obtained results were evaluated by an experiment with a personal computer of digital controller and analog computer of simulated servo system. We obtained satisfactory experimental results of sampling frequencies. The proposed method for determination of sampling frequencies will be applicable widely in industrial fields to determine the sampling frequencies of the digital servo systems.