gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of force titrated doses of diltiazem extended-release a placebo controlled study (1995)

Thirty patients with clinical and ambulatory essential hypertension were treated in a double-blind fashion with force titrated doses of placebo or diltiazem once daily (OD) extended-release (ER) 120, 240, 360, and 540 mg to characterize the full-dose range of the new formulation. An incremental dose-response effect was observed both in clinic and ambulatory blood pressure parameters. Doses of > or = 240 mg significantly decreased clinic diastolic blood pressure, whereas systolic blood pressure was significantly lowered by the 540-mg dose. Moreover, compared with placebo, ambulatory blood pressure was significantly decreased by the 360- and 540-mg dose levels. Trough/peak ratios for systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 50% and higher at dose levels of 240 mg and above. Adverse reactions with diltiazem OD ER were generally mild and similar to those observed with placebo. The findings of this study indicate that the most favorable effects of diltiazem OD ER were observed in response to the 360- and 540-mg dose levels. The dose escalation forced titration study design appears to be a valuable tool in obtaining rigorous dose-response data of new antihypertensive agents.
Acoustic resonances in the bubble plume formed by a plunging water jet (2003)

Experiments were performed to investigate the near–field sound from an axisymmetric conical bubble plume formed by a continuous vertical freshwater jet as it penetrates the surface of a pool of fresh water. The volume fluxes of the air and water entering the pool were carefully controlled and monitored during the experiments and a hydrophone detected the acoustic pressure field adjacent to the plume at frequencies between 100 Hz and 1 kHz. Up to five non–uniformly spaced peaks were observed in the pressure spectrum. These spectral peaks are due to coherent collective oscillations of the bubbles within the plume, that is to say, the biphasic bubbly medium behaves as a continuum, acting as a resonant conical cavity beneath the jet. All the eigenfrequencies were found to exhibit inverse–fractional power–law scalings of the same form, fm∂uj–1/2q–1/4, where fm is the frequency of the mth spectral peak, uj is the jet velocity, q is the air entrainment ratio, that is, the ratio of the air–to–water volume fluxes in the jet, and the unspecified constant shows a nonlinear dependence on m. A two–component theoretical model has been developed for the eigenfrequencies of the plume. From a fluid–dynamics argument based on the conservation of momentum flux in the two–phase flow, the speed of sound within the bubbly medium is shown to increase as the square root of depth in the plume. This is incorporated into an acoustic analysis in which the wave equation is solved analytically, taking account of the cone–like geometry of the bubble–plume cavity, including the near–rigid boundary condition at the penetration depth, where the bubbly region ends abruptly. The resultant expression for the frequencies of the lowest–order longitudinal modes of the bubbly cavity exhibits the inverse–fractional power–law scalings observed in the experiments. The experiments and theory are consistent with the conclusion that the scaling of the eigenfrequencies with the inverse square root of the jet velocity stems from the square–root sound–speed profile within the biphasic plume.
Deficiency of PAR-2 Gene Increases Acute Focal Ischemic Brain Injury (2005)

The expression profile of the protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and effects of PAR-2 gene knockout (PAR-2 KO) on the infarct size were investigated after 60 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice in relation to phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and astrocyte activation. PAR-2 was normally distributed mainly in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), and strongly upregulated at 8-24 hours after tMCAO. Deficiency of PAR-2 gene significantly increased the infarct volume and the number of TUNEL-positive cells at 24 hours of reperfusion. The strong neuronal expression of p-ERK was induced at 5 minutes as a peak after reperfusion in wild-type mice, but the signal change was significantly reduced in PAR-2 KO mice. Astroglial activation was also greatly inhibited at 24 hours after tMCAO in PAR-2 KO mice. These results show that the deficiency of PAR-2 gene increases the acute ischemic cerebral injury associating with suppression of neuronal ERK activation and reactive astroglial activation.
Knoevenagel condensation in the homophthalic acid series. A synthesis of zearalenone (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKnoevenagel condensation in the homophthalic acid series. A synthesis of zearalenoneN. N. Girotra and N. L. WendlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 10, 3192–3194Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01262a085https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01262a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of beta cell death during restricted and unrestricted enterovirus infection (2004)

Coxsackie B virus (CVB-5) infections potentially trigger and accelerate pancreatic beta cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes. In vivo, all viruses face natural resistance mediated by various host factors which restrict the progression of infection. Thus, the aims of this study were to generate a tissue culture model of restricted coxsackie B virus infection in primary islet cells by preventing the production of viral progeny with a selective inhibitor of viral RNA replication and to investigate the mechanisms of virus-induced islet cell death during productive and restricted infective conditions. Cultured foetal porcine islet cells were infected effectively with the prototype strain of coxsackievirus B5 (CVB-5). Nuclear viability stainings and electron microscopy showed productive infection to result in dominantly necrotic cell death with additional slight induction of apoptosis during the 7 days of follow-up. The restricted conditions were created by addition of guanidine-hydrochloride (G-HCl) into culture medium. At 1 mM concentration, it significantly protected the infected cells from necrosis and thus maintained high viability. This was associated with increased significantly apoptosis. In perifusion analysis, the cellular ability to release insulin was reduced, although the metabolic integrity was preserved as shown by MTT-analysis and cellular ATP levels. These data show that restriction of CVB-5 replication with G-HCl protects islet cells against virus-induced necrosis. However, restriction of viral replication shifts the mechanism of cell death from necrosis toward apoptosis. A slowly progressing subclinical infection of islets could thus lead to increased beta-cell apoptosis.
Generic Bayesian network models for making maintenance decisions from available data and expert knowledge (2018)

To maximise asset reliability cost-effectively, maintenance should be scheduled based on the likely deterioration of an asset. Various statistical models have been proposed for predicting this, but they have important practical limitations. We present a Bayesian network model that can be used for maintenance decision support to overcome these limitations. The model extends an existing statistical model of asset deterioration, but shows how (1) data on the condition of assets available from their periodic inspection can be used, (2) failure data from related groups of asset can be combined using judgement from experts and (3) expert knowledge of the deterioration’s causes can be combined with statistical data to adjust predictions. A case study of bridges on the rail network in Great Britain (GB) is presented, showing how the model could be used for the maintenance decision problem, given typical data likely to be available in practice.
Generation of ultra‐fast laser pulses using nanotube mode‐lockers (2006)

Abstract We report a simple way to fabricate a high optical quality single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite. The composites demonstrate strong saturable absorption at ∼1.5 μm, the spectral range for optical communications. These are used as mode‐lockers in a fiber laser. We achieve ∼713 fs pulse generation and up to 8 mW output power. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photonic lattice-based quantum cascade lasers at terahertz frequencies (2006)

Two families of photonic crystal based Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser structures are demonstrated. The first one uses Bragg mirrors that relies on a two-dimensional photonic lattice. Single mode lasing emission is observed from the edge of the structure for particular lattice constants. Moreover mode pinning of the laser is obtained along the whole dynamic range. In the second part a vertically emitting THz Quantum Cascade Laser device that exploits in-plane resonator based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal is demonstrated. Stable single mode lasing is reported. Simulations based on block-iterative frequency-domain methods on a plane wave basis account for the observed results.
Finding Criminals Through DNA of Their Relatives (2006)

564123MetricsTotal Downloads564Last 6 Months53Last 12 Months116Total Citations123Last 6 Months0Last 12 Months0View all metrics
A high-definition human face tracking system using the fusion of omni-directional and PTZ cameras mounted on a mobile robot (2010)

The omni-directional cameras providing 360 degrees field of view (FOV) are widely used in video surveillance and robot vision applications. However, the omni-directional cameras have an obvious drawback; that is, only low-resolution images captured. Therefore, the objects are not able to be correctly identified if they are far from the omni-directional cameras. To overcome this problem, we propose a high-definition human face tracking system using the fusion of omni-directional and pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. Our system first detects and tracks human faces in the panoramic images received from an omni-directional camera, and then controls the PTZ camera to fixate at a target face for capturing a high-resolution image. At the beginning, the human face detection procedure obtains moving human faces by means of temporal differencing together with skin and hair color filtering. The detected human faces are subsequently fed to the face tracking procedure which employs a particle filter for iteratively tracking human faces. Once a target human face is selected, the PTZ camera is directed to stare at the target and zoom in it speedily. Then the face tracking procedure turns to use the images received from the PTZ camera for continuously tracking the target face until it is outside the FOV of the camera.
Engineering of Genetically Arrested Parasites (GAPs) For a Precision Malaria Vaccine (2017)

Continuous stage conversion and swift changes in the antigenic repertoire in response to acquired immunity are hallmarks of complex eukaryotic pathogens, including <i>Plasmodium</i> species, the causative agents of malaria. Efficient elimination of <i>Plasmodium</i> liver stages prior to blood infection is one of the most promising malaria vaccine strategies. Here, we describe different genetically arrested parasites (GAPs) that have been engineered in <i>Plasmodium berghei, P. yoelii</i> and <i>P. falciparum</i> and compare their vaccine potential. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms of prime and boost by arrested sporozoites and experimental strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy by further engineering existing GAPs into a more immunogenic form hold promise for continuous improvements of GAP-based vaccines. A critical hurdle for vaccines that elicit long-lasting protection against malaria, such as GAPs, is safety and efficacy in vulnerable populations. Vaccine research should focus on solutions toward turning malaria into a vaccine-preventable disease, which would offer an exciting new path of malaria control.
50-mJ macro-pulses at 1064 nm from a diode-pumped picosecond laser system (2011)

Pulse-picking from a 100-mW cw mode-locked seeder, a hybrid master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) system, based on Nd:YVO4 and Nd:YAG amplifier modules, has been developed, delivering single-pulses of 8.6 ps at 455-MHz repetition-rate, bunched into ~1-μs trains of 50 mJ ("macro-pulses"). The output beam is linearly polarized and nearly diffraction limited up to the maximum macro-pulse repetition-rate of 50 Hz. The single-pulse peak power and the macro-pulse duration and energy are quite suitable for high-energy nonlinear optical applications such as low-threshold synchronously-pumped parametric converters in the mid infrared. The impact on the overall efficiency of saturation distortion of the macro-pulse envelope as well as of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is considered. The managing of the envelope distortion compensation and of the ASE suppression by means of fast saturable absorbers is reported.
X-Ray Computed Tomography of PEM Fuel Cells (2010)

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells were investigated by 3D x-ray computed tomography at a voxel size of 0.7 µm. It is shown that this lab-based technique is not only suitable for the investigation of gas diffusion layers (GDL) as well as the investigation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEA), but also allows the calculation of macroscopic physical properties. \nThe resolution of computed tomography is clearly sufficient to image the carbon fiber structure of gas diffusion layers in the as received GDLs as well as GDLs integrated into membrane electrode assemblies. It is also possible to visualize the catalyst layer within the MEA, which allows the investigation of layer thickness and structural defects on a larger scale than with conventional techniques.\nThe macroscopic effective thermal conductivities of the gas diffusion layers were computed based on the 3D GDL structure reconstructed from tomography data to produce more reliable input data for fuel cell modeling. The computation was carried out by solving the energy equation considering a pure thermal conduction problem. The computations show - in agreement with the expectation and experimental data - that the through-plane thermal conductivities are lower than the in-plane thermal conductivities.
Shock Induced (Alpha)-(Epsilon) Phase Change in Iron: Analysis of MD Simulations and Experiment (2005)

Multimillion atom non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for shock compressed iron are analyzed using Fourier methods to determine the long scale ordering of the crystal. By analyzing the location of the maxima in k-space we can determine the crystal structure and compression due to the shock. This report presents results from a 19.6 GPa simulated shock in single crystal iron and compare them to recent experimental results of shock compressed iron where the crystal structure was determined using in-situ wide angle x-ray diffraction.
Disentangling the relationship of gut microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders and autism: a case–control study on prepubertal Chinese boys (2022)

Emerging evidence of an altered gut microbiome in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests a pathomechanism through the gut-brain axis despite the inconsistent microbiome profile reported across studies. One of the knowledge gaps in the existing ASD microbiota studies is the lack of systematic exploration of the role of comorbid functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) in the association of ASD and altered gut microbiome. Consequently, 92 ASD and 112 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys were profiled on general psychopathology, FGID status by Rome IV classification, and gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region. Compared to TD, a significant decrease in the within-sample abundance of taxa was observed in ASD, regardless of FGID status. The microbiota of ASD FGID+ and ASD FGID- clustered apart from the TD groups. The microbiota of ASD FGID+ also showed qualitative differences from that of ASD FGID- and had the highest-level Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio, which was paralleled by elevated levels of anxiety and overall psychopathology. The altered gastrointestinal microbiota composition in ASD appeared to be independent of comorbid FGID. Further studies should address how FGID may mediate neuropsychiatric symptoms in ASD through inflammation along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
F2C2: a fast tool for the computation of flux coupling in genome-scale metabolic networks (2012)

We propose F2C2 as a fast tool for the computation of flux coupling in genome-scale metabolic networks. F2C2 is freely available for non-commercial use at https://sourceforge.net/projects/f2c2/files/.
Pulmonary Œdema Complicating Acute Renal Failure (1964)

IT has frequently been emphasized, particularly by Alwall (1954), that despite careful management of acute renal failure, pulmonary cedema may occur requiring emergency measures to prevent a fatal outcome. Two cases of poisoning were admitted to the Liverpool Renal Insufficiency Unit with acute renal failure complicated by the sudden development of pulmonary cedema. A combination of conventional therapy with more specific treatment by the artificial kidney, ensured survival of both these patients.
Polychromatic optical feedback control, stability, and dimming (2006)

The use of RGB and RGBA LEDs in luminaires enables a variety of features, such as color temperature-controllable white light, that have not been available in traditional sources. The general illumination market requires that lamp chromaticity be accurately maintained, and therefore an advanced control scheme must be used. Feeding back tristimulus values alone is not enough to maintain precise color control, given the variability of LEDs during changes in ambient temperature, degradation over life, and manufacturing tolerances. In this paper, we discuss a solution based on photodiodes with color filters combined with feedforward temperature compensation and empirical LED data. We also discuss a method to maintain control feedback loop stability and accuracy over the full dimming range.
NORMAL‐INCIDENCE WAVEFIELD COMPUTATION USING VECTOR‐ARITHMETIC* (1985)

A bstract The time‐domain discrete state‐space models for lossless layered media, characterized by equal one‐way traveltimes and normal‐incidence reflection coefficients, can be formulated in a vector‐arithmetic notation. This approach allows the computation of the seismic wavefield for arbitrary source and sensor location and is well suited for implementation on modern array processors. Included is an extension to a vector‐arithmetic notation for the computation of synthetic vertical seismic profiles.
Fast multichannel radiometer for diagnosing munition flashes (2008)

Understanding of the temporal and spectral behavior of the radiation emitted from fast transients such as gun shots, explosions, missile launches and kinetic ammunition is very important for the development of IRST, MWS and IRCM systems. The spectral-temporal behavior of the signature of these events is an essential factor for their detection and for the filtering of false alarms. Munitions flashes are fast transient phenomena with time duration that range from the sub-millisecond to a fraction of a second. A full characterization of the infrared signature of these events involves measurement of the evolution of its spectral distribution in time where the temporal resolution required is of the order of microseconds. We describe here a method for utilizing a four-channel radiometer to extract the above-mentioned data from these events. We show that we can derive the temporal evolution of the temperature of an explosion on time scale of 20&mgr;sec and separate energy releasing processes. Several practical examples will be given.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)-Induced Disulfide-Linked Dimerization of PDGF Receptor in Living Cells (1991)

It is well established that epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are able to induce noncovalent dimerization of their surface receptors. It is thought that receptor dimerization plays an important role in activation of the tyrosine kinase function and in the process of receptor autophosphorylation. Here we show that the addition of either PDGF-BB or PDGF-AA to intact 3T3 cells induces formation of 400- and 430-kDa species, respectively, recognized by either anti-PDGF receptor antibodies or anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. Interestingly, the 400- and the 430-kDa species are detected in nonreducing gels but not in reducing gels. Moreover, an alkylating agent, N-ethylmaleimide, inhibits PDGF-induced formation of high-molecular-mass species. Comparisons of V8 protease peptide maps of [35S]methionine-labeled PDGF receptors and high-molecular-mass proteins indicate that they represent dimers of PDGF receptors. It appears therefore that in addition to noncovalent dimerization, PDGF receptors undergo ligand-dependent disulfide-linked dimerization.