gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Relaxed Min-Sum LDPC Decoder With Simplified Check Nodes (2016)

This letter presents a heuristic technique for simplifying the parity-check node operation in a relaxed min-sum iterative decoder. The proposed decoder eliminates the second-minimum computation in check nodes, which allows broadcasting the same output to all neighboring variable nodes to alleviate routing problem in VLSI implementations of low-density parity check (LDPC) decoders. The second-minimum, when required, is emulated by adding an offset to the first-minimum. The proposed relaxed decoder also uses a relaxation factor equal to 0.5 to simplify variable nodes. Simulation results for two LDPC codes show the proposed decoding algorithm with only 4-bit quantization closely matches the performance of floating-point normalized/offset min-sum and sum-product decoders in the waterfall region.
Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer (2023)

Sleep behaviors may serve as modifiable factors for the prevention of EAC.
The delicate balance of phase speciation in bimetallic nickel cobalt nanoparticles (2022)

Bimetallic nickel-cobalt nanoparticles are highly sought for their potential as catalytic and magnetic nanoparticles. These are typically prepared in organic solvents in the presence of strong stabilizing ligands such as tri-<i>n</i>-octylphosphine (TOP). Due to the variety of cobalt crystallographic phases and to the strong interaction of the ligands with the metallic surfaces, forming <i>fcc</i> nanoparticles rather than a phase mixture is a challenging endeavor. Here, using a two-step synthesis strategy that aims at a core-shell nickel-cobalt morphology, we demonstrated that many parameters have to be adjusted: concentration of the metal precursors, stoichiometry of TOP, and heating program from room temperature to 180 °C. We found optimized conditions to form size-controlled <i>fcc</i> NiCo nanoparticles from preformed Ni nanoparticles, and the phase attribution was confirmed with a combination of X-Ray diffraction on powder and X-Ray absorption spectroscopy at the Co K edge. We then investigated the early stages of Co nucleation on the nickel using a lower stoichiometry of Co, down to 0.05 equiv. <i>vs.</i> Ni. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, we showed that cobalt reacts first on the nickel nanoparticles but easily forms cobalt-rich larger aggregates in the further steps of the reaction.
Concerted Rattling in CsAg5Te3 Leading to Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance (2016)

Thermoelectric (TE) materials convert heat energy directly into electricity, and introducing new materials with high conversion efficiency is a great challenge because of the rare combination of interdependent electrical and thermal transport properties required to be present in a single material. The TE efficiency is defined by the figure of merit ZT=(S(2) σ) T/κ, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, κ is the total thermal conductivity, and T is the absolute temperature. A new p-type thermoelectric material, CsAg5 Te3 , is presented that exhibits ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (ca. 0.18 Wm(-1) K(-1) ) and a high figure of merit of about 1.5 at 727 K. The lattice thermal conductivity is the lowest among state-of-the-art thermoelectrics; it is attributed to a previously unrecognized phonon scattering mechanism that involves the concerted rattling of a group of Ag ions that strongly raises the Grüneisen parameters of the material.
Cover Image, Volume 237, Number 9, September 2022 (2022)

Front Cover: The cover image is based on the Research Article Evidence of an Annexin A4 mediated plasma membrane repair response to biomechanical strain associated with glaucoma pathogenesis by Nevena Vicic et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.30834.
Vehicle Tracking Based Traffic State Estimation Method (2017)

To reveal the real and hidden information of urban traffic system, this paper proposed a vehicle-tracking based traffic state estimation method. First, some terms are introduced to facilitate the following algorithm. Then, the A* heuristic search algorithm is calibrated to give the optimal path between two neighboring GPS points. Next, a vehicle-tracking based algorithm is proposed to calculate the spatiotemporal average velocity and estimate the traffic states. Finally, a real probe car dataset in Beijing is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the validation experiments, the ground truth was determined by manually recording the passing time of the same vehicle and the experiment results proves the effectiveness of the proposed method to estimate the traffic states in large-scale urban road network.
Reply (2006)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation (2016)

We present prevalence estimates for Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium infections in waterfowl at the interface of the sub-Arctic and Arctic and provide evidence for local transmission of all three parasite genera. Variation in prevalence and molecular detection of hematozoa parasites in wild ducks is influenced by seasonal timing and a number of host traits. A positive correlation in co-infection of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus suggests that infection probability by parasites in one or both genera is enhanced by infection with the other, or that encounter rates of hosts and genus-specific vectors are correlated. Using size-adjusted mass as an index of host condition, we did not find evidence for strong deleterious consequences of hematozoa infection in wild ducks.
Glucose release as a response to glucagon in rat hepatocyte culture: involvement of NO signaling (2008)

Glucagon and α-adrenergic-induced glycogenolysis is realized via the agonist/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase signaling pathway or via the activation of phosphorylase kinase by the mobilized calcium that supports the inhibition of glycogen synthase, respectively. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process has not been extensively studied. The present work was directed to the question whether NO is produced during glucagon-induced glycogenolysis in rat hepatocyte in a similar way like α-adrenoceptor stimulation. Glycogen-rich hepatocyte cultures were used. NO production (NO2-) was assessed under the influence of glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP), forskolin, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors Nω-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine, and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP). Inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Glycogenolysis was followed up by estimation of medium glucose levels. The amount of glucose and NO2 - released by glycogen-rich hepatocytes was increased as a result of glucagon, db-cAMP, forskolin and SNAP treatments. iNOS gene expression was upregulated by glucagon. Glycogenolysis that occurs through glucagon receptor stimulation involves NO production downstream of transduction pathways through an isoform of NO synthase. The present and previous studies document possible involvement of NO signaling in glycogenolytic response to glucagon and adrenergic agonists in hepatocytes.
Short-Term Low Calorie Diet Intervention Reduces Serum Advanced Glycation End Products in Healthy Overweight or Obese Adults (2009)

After the intervention, BMI levels were clearly reduced by 6.3% (p < 0.001), waist circumference by 5.7% (p < 0.002) and triglycerides by 11.9 % (p < 0.002). At baseline, AGEs levels were 63 +/- 11 AU for obese subjects and 63 +/- 14 for control subjects (not significant). After intervention, AGEs were reduced by 7.21% (range 0-35%, p < 0.001). The percent change in AGEs was significantly and positively correlated with that of triglycerides (r = 0.42, p < 0.009), waist circumference (r = 0.40, p < 0.011), and BMI (r = 0.42, p < 0.007). We show for the first time that serum AGEs can be reduced by an LCD intervention on weight loss, a change that correlates with the reduction in triglycerides. This may plausibly be a reflection of a reduction in glycation/lipoxidation due to the caloric restriction and its metabolic consequences, or it may be due to the decreased intake of food containing glycotoxins, or a combination of both.
Celebrating Plant Diversity (2001)

The “typical” plant about which we biology professors often pontificate does not exist: It is a fictional entity we have created in our feeble attempts to bring order and simplicity to the amazing complexity and diversity presented by the plant world. Nevertheless, in this post-genomic era, rice
Tracking the fate of iron in early development of human blood flukes (2007)

Iron (Fe) is an important trace element found in nearly all organisms, and is used as a cofactor in many biological reactions. One role for Fe in some invertebrates is in stabilization of extracellular matrices. The human blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum, is responsible for significant human disease in developing and tropical nations. Disease in humans arises from host immunological reaction to parasite eggs that lodge in tissues. Schistosomes require Fe for development in their hosts, and store abundant Fe in vitelline (eggshell-forming) cells of the female system. The understanding of Fe metabolism and functionality are aspects of its biology that may be exploited in future therapeutics. The biology of Fe stores in vitelline cells of S. japonicum was investigated to illuminate possible functions of this element in early development of these parasites. Vitelline Fe is stored in yolk ferritin that is upregulated in females and is also expressed at low levels in egg-stages and adult males. Laser microdissection microscopy, coupled with reverse transcriptase- and real time-PCR amplification of schistosome ferritin sequences, confirmed that the vitelline cells are the likely progenitor cells of yolk ferritin. Assessment of Fe concentrations in whole male and whole female adult worms, eggs and purified eggshells by colorimetric assays and mass spectroscopy demonstrated higher levels of Fe in the female parasite, but also high levels of the element in whole parasite eggs and purified eggshell. Qualitative energy dispersive spectroscopy of purified eggshells, revealed that Fe is abundant in the eggshell, the matrix of which is composed of heavily cross-linked eggshell precursor proteins. Thus, vitelline stores of Fe are implicated in eggshell cross-linking in platyhelminths. These observations emphasise the importance of Fe in schistosome metabolism and egg formation and suggest new avenues for disruption of egg formation in these pathogenic parasites.
An optimistic method for updating information in distributed collaborative work (2002)

Proposes a new method for updating information in distributed collaborative work. The effective performance of collaborative work distributed among several locations requires that information be replicated and freely updated in each distributed server. This is difficult to achieve with existing information-sharing methods such as the WWW and workflow. Our optimistic lock control method enables the direct updating of replicated information in any server while maintaining consistency among all the servers. A server failure is not critical to other servers because there is no master server. This method differs from the traditional master-slave method in which updates are performed in a specific master server. This paper also addresses the dynamic deployment of a new server. Our method is being used on a trial basis for an international software development project between Japan and India.
Selective Data Encryption in Outsourced Dynamic Environments (2007)

The amount of information held by organizations' databases is increasing very quickly. A recently proposed solution to the problem of data management, which is becoming increasingly popular, is represented by database outsourcing. Several approaches have been presented to database outsourcing management, investigating the application of data encryption together with indexing information to allow the execution of queries at the third party, without the need of decrypting the data. These proposals assume access control to be under the control of the data owner, who has to filter all the access requests to data. In this paper, we put forward the idea of outsourcing also the access control enforcement at the third party. Our approach combines cryptography together with authorizations, thus enforcing access control via selective encryption. The paper describes authorizations management investigating their specification and representation as well as their enforcement in a dynamic scenario.
Dichapetalin-Type Triterpenoids and Lignans from the Aerial Parts of Phyllanthus acutissima (2008)

Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus acutissima resulted in the isolation of five new dichapetalin-type triterpenoids, acutissimatriterpenes A-E ( 1- 5), and two new lignans, acutissimalignans A ( 6) and B ( 7), along with two known lignans and three known ellagic acid derivatives. The structures of 1- 7 were determined mainly on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The compounds obtained were evaluated for cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 activities.
Clinical and Practice Variations in Pediatric Acute Recurrent or Chronic Pancreatitis (2020)

This is the first study to describe geographical variations in the INSPPIRE cohort, which possibly reflect variations in practice and referral patterns. The underlying reason behind the lower frequency of CP and fewer treatments in non-United States sites need to be further explored.
Study of Large Scale Fluctuations in Turbid Media by Photon-Density-Wave Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy (1998)

We propose photon-density-wave fluctuation correlation spectroscopy as a method to study the macroscopic dynamics of tissue optical properties. Phantom measurements have shown that our frequency-domain instrument is appropriate to explore intensity, modulation and phase fluctuations in the frequency band from 0 to 125 Hz. Preliminary in vivo studies have revealed a reach optical dynamics in human tissues.
A small scintillating fiber camera consisting of 0.25-mm square fibers for space dosimetry (2001)

A small scintillating fiber camera for space dosimetry was developed. The camera consists of a scintillating fiber stack bundled with 0.25-mm square fibers, two image intensifier units whose input windows are 40 mm in diameter, and two photomultipliers. Neutron events are distinguished from gamma-ray events by observing three-dimensional track images of recoil protons and electrons. Experimental results show that events caused by recoil protons with energies above 5 MeV can be distinguished from gamma-ray events. The purpose of this camera is to evaluate the LET, of charged particles produced in the interaction of neutrons with the nucleus in scintillating fibers. The camera is expected to measure the dose contribution from higher energy neutron, especially, more than /spl sim/10 MeV, which is the upper limit energy of the present measurement in space.
The H.263+ video coding standard: complexity and performance (2002)

The emerging ITU-T H.263+ low bit-rate video coding standard is version 2 of the draft international standard ITU-T H.263. In this paper, we discuss this emerging video coding standard and present compression performance results based on our public domain implementation of H.263+.
<p>LC-MS/MS Estimation of the Anti-Cancer Agent Tandutinib Levels in Human Liver Microsomes: Metabolic Stability Evaluation Assay</p> (2020)

TND exhibited a moderate extraction ratio indicative of good bioavailability. According to the literature, the approach developed in the present study is the first established LC-MS/MS method for assessing TND metabolic stability.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Growth and Yield Using the Nutrient Film Technique (1998)

Peanut plants, cvs 'Georgia Red' (GARBO) andNew Improved Spanish (NISP), were grown in polyvinyl chloride (PVC-I) trays using the nutrient film technique to study pod and seed yield for NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) program. Four 14-day-old seedlings each of both genotypes were transplanted into each of two growth trays (0.15 x 0.15 x 1.2 m), allotting 0.045 m2 per plant for growth. Plants were grown in reach-in growth chambers with a diurnal temperature of28/22°C, relative hwnidity of70 +5%, 12/12 h photoperiod, irradiance at canopy Icvel of 600 ?mol m-2 s-I, and a C02 concentration of 700 ?mol mol-L A modified half Hoagland nutrient solution was used. Solution pH was adjusted manually and ranged between 6.4 and 6.7, by additions of 1M NaOIl or HCI. Solution electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 1100 and 1200 ?S em-I. All plants were harvested after 120 days. Total mean plant fresh weight was 546.5 g and 769.0 g per tray, respectively, for Georgia Red and New Improved Spanish. The total number ofpods and pod fresh weight per tray averaged 152 and 190 g forGR and 138 and 154 g for NISP, while seed dry mass averaged 70 g and 81 gper tray, respectively, for GAREO and NIS. The harvest index was 0.39 for GR and 0.36 for NISP. Seed yield was equivalent to or exceeded that of field-grown peanuts. Generally, the proximate nutrient composition was similar to that of field-grown peanuts. The results demonstrate that the nutrient film technique CBLn be used for peanut production with acceptable yields.
Typing of cellular deposits on oxygenator membranes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute lung failure (2012)

Objectives: Long-term use of oxygenators (Bioline®-coated polymethylpentene, PMP) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is hampered by fibrin and cellular deposits inside the membrane oxygenator (MO).
The Influence of Labor and Placental Separation on Hemostasis in Term Pregnancy (1998)

We studied the hemostatic effects in 68 term preg nant subjects with normal pregnancy (n = 39), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 21), pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 8), during labor, after placental separation, and at 24 hours postpartum. During labor, a hypercoagulable state with en hanced fibrinolysis and platelet activation along with elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 were seen. In all cases following placental separa tion, enhanced fibrinolysis persisted with further elevated tissue plasminogen activator antigen and D-dimer levels, increased thrombin generation and platelet activation with decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. By 24 hours postpar tum, thrombin generation (thrombin-antithrombin complex) decreased to a nonpregnant level except for pregnancy induced hypertension, but enhanced prothrombin activation (F 1+2 ) was evident in normal, gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy- induced hypertension. Reduced total protein S and antithrom bin III activity with normal protein C and elevated fibrinogen levels seen during labor were not affected by delivery. How ever, although factor VII showed a decreasing trend at 24 hours postpartum it remained elevated above the normal nonpregnant level. At 24 hours postpartum, a hypercoagulable state still persisted in normal, gestational diabetes mellitus and preg nancy-induced hypertension term pregnancy accompanied by enhanced fibrinolysis and elevated plasminogen substrate for fibrinolysis, suggesting a critical dynamic equilibrium between a thrombotic and hemorrhagic state.
Uracyl derivatives functionalized with N-, S-, O-heterocycles (2011)

Reactions of 1,3-bis(bromopentyl)-5(6)-substituted uracyls with a series of five-membered heterocycles containing in the ring N, S, or O atoms and a mercapto group as a substituent at the carbon atom of the ring afforded uracyl derivatives of acyclic and macrocyclic structure with 2-thiobenzoxazole, 2-thio-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-thiobenzimidazole, and 2,5-dithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole fragments. N atoms of benzoxazole and imidazole fragments of compounds obtained undergo alkylation and quaternization with alkyl iodides and alkyl tosylates.
HIV Life Cycle and Inherited Co‐Receptors (2014)

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a Lentivirus of the family Retroviridae , members of which cause a number of neurological and immunological diseases in humans and animals. HIV is the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The disease is caused by virus‐mediated depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, preferentially CCR5‐positive memory T cells. Most of these cells localise to mucosal tissue, in particular gut mucosa, and disruption of the gut mucosal barrier is an early feature of HIV infection that determines the pathogenesis of the disease. More than 20 years of intensive studies identified the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and disease pathogenesis and provided the foundation for development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccine. This article provides a brief overview of the HIV life cycle and focuses on receptors that determine viral binding and entry into the target cells. Key Concepts: Virus entry into target cell is initiated by interaction between gp120 and cell receptors. HIV preferentially targets memory CD4+ T cells that localise to mucosal lymphoid tissue, in particular the gut mucosa. HIV replication includes a number of distinct steps: virus–cell fusion and entry, uncoating, reverse transcription and formation of the pre‐integration complex (PIC), PIC nuclear entry and integration, transcription and translation of proviral DNA, viral assembly and release of nascent virions and maturation and formation of infectious virions. To infect a target cell, virus needs to counteract the activity of multiple cellular antiviral factors (APOBEC3, SAMHD1, tetherin), most of which activated by interferon. HIV accessory proteins have evolved to perform this function. Receptors determine not only the first step of HIV interaction with the target cell, but also regulate post‐entry events in viral replication. Characterisation of the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV replication and interaction with the target cells provides an opportunity to develop anti‐HIV therapeutics and vaccine.