gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Stereochemistry of CXCR4-Peptide Recognition and Inhibiting HIV-1 Entry with d-Peptides Derived from Chemokines (2002)

Chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays an important role in the immune system and the cellular entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To probe the stereospecificity of the CXCR4-ligand interface, d-amino acid peptides derived from natural chemokines, viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (vMIP-II) and stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), were synthesized and found to compete with (125)I-SDF-1alpha and monoclonal antibody 12G5 binding to CXCR4 with potency and selectivity comparable with or higher than their l-peptide counterparts. This was surprising because of the profoundly different side chain topologies between d- and l-enantiomers, which circular dichroism spectroscopy showed adopt mirror image conformations. Further direct binding experiments using d-peptide labeled with fluorescein (designated as FAM-DV1) demonstrated that d- and l-peptides shared similar or at least overlapping binding site(s) on the CXCR4 receptor. Structure-activity analyses of related peptide analogs of mixed chiralities or containing alanine replacements revealed specific residues at the N-terminal half of the peptides as key binding determinants. Acting as CXCR4 antagonists and with much higher biological stability than l-counterparts, the d-peptides showed significant activity in inhibiting the replication of CXCR4-dependent HIV-1 strains. These results show the remarkable stereochemical flexibility of the CXCR4-peptide interface. Further studies to understand the mechanism of this unusual feature of the CXCR4 binding surface might aid the development of novel CXCR4-binding molecules like the d-peptides that have high affinity and stability.
Toward Integrated Sensing and Communications in IEEE 802.11bf Wi-Fi Networks (2022)

As Wi-Fi becomes ubiquitous in public and private spaces, it becomes natural to leverage its intrinsic ability to sense the surrounding environment to implement groundbreaking wireless sensing applications such as human presence detection, activity recognition, and object tracking. For this reason, the IEEE 802.11bf Task Group is defining the appropriate modifications to existing Wi-Fi standards to enhance sensing capabilities through 802.11-compliant devices. However, the new standard is expected to leave the specific sensing algorithms open to implementation. To fill this gap, this article explores the practical implications of integrating sensing into Wi-Fi networks. We provide an overview of the physical and medium access control layers sensing enablers, together with the application layer perspective. We analyze the impact of communication parameters on sensing performance and detail the main research challenges. To make our evaluation replicable, we pledge to release all of our dataset and code to the community.
Comparing time-triggered Ethernet with FlexRay: An evaluation of competing approaches to real-time for in-vehicle networks (2010)

FlexRay is considered the next generation state-of-the-art technology for in-car networks, while time-triggered Ethernet emerges with the promise to integrate real-time and best-effort traffic into one homogeneous backbone. This paper contributes a competitive analysis of FlexRay and time-triggered Ethernet. By showing that it is possible to transfer a fully utilized FlexRay system to a system based on time-triggered Ethernet, it is demonstrated that time-triggered Ethernet is a suitable replacement of current in-vehicle bus-systems. Further it is shown that a switched system has advantages in bandwidth utilization over a shared bus, when using group communication.
A novel depletion-gate amorphous silicon thin-film transistor (1992)

A novel type of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistor (TFT) in which a depletion gate is added to the top of the second nitride layer of a conventional a-Si TFT has been fabricated. In this transistor, switching is done by the depletion gate instead of the accumulation gate as in conventional a-Si TFTs. The pinch-off voltage and ON-OFF current ratio of the transistor can be changed by the accumulation gate bias. The transistor exhibits high ON-OFF current ratio, low contact resistance, and low gate-source capacitance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Peptide Mapping of Variant Glycoproteins fromTrypanosoma Rhodesienseby Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography (1982)

Abstract Peptides of trypsin-digested surface coat glycoproteins isolated and purified from 4 cloned variants of Trypanosoma rhodesiense (Wellcome strain) were mapped by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The peptide maps provide definitive chemical data demonstrating a lack of structural homology among the variant glycoproteins.
Erythropoietic effect of plasma from patients with advanced cancer. (1971)

The erythropoietic effect of plasma from anemic and nonanemic patients with various cancers was determined by increase in percentage of incorporation of injected 59Fe into circulating RBC's of protein-deprived CF1 adult female mice in 48 hr. In 14 anemic patients with lymphoma or leukemia and in 12 anemic patients with solid tumors, the erythropoietic effect of plasma was significantly reduced compared to 12 normal plasmas but was increased compared to 0.9% NaCl solution controls ( p < 0.001). In contrast, the erythropoietic effect of plasma in 8 nonanemic patients (4 lymphomas or leukemias and 4 solid tumors) was similar to normal controls but was significantly different from results in their anemic counterparts ( p < 0.001).
Marble Burying and Nestlet Shredding as Tests of Repetitive, Compulsive-like Behaviors in Mice (2013)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are serious and debilitating psychiatric conditions and each constitutes a significant public health concern, particularly in children. Both of these conditions are highlighted by the repeated expression of meaningless behaviors. Individuals with OCD often show checking, frequent hand washing, and counting. Children with ASDs also engage in repetitive tapping, arm or hand flapping, and rocking. These behaviors can vary widely in intensity and frequency of expression. More intense forms of repetitive behaviors can even result in injury (e.g. excessive grooming, hand washing, and self-stimulation). These behaviors are therefore very disruptive and make normal social discourse difficult. Treatment options for repetitive behaviors in OCD and ASDs are somewhat limited and there is great interest in developing more effective therapies for each condition. Numerous animal models for evaluating compulsive-like behaviors have been developed over the past three decades. Perhaps the animal models with the greatest validity and ease of use are the marble burying test and the nestlet shredding test. Both tests take advantage of the fact that the target behaviors occur spontaneously in mice. In the marble burying test, 20 marbles are arrayed on the surface of clean bedding. The number of marbles buried in a 30 min session is scored by investigators blind to the treatment or status of the subjects. In the nestlet shredding test, a nestlet comprised of pulped cotton fiber is preweighed and placed on top of cage bedding and the amount of the nestlet remaining intact after a 30 min test session is determined. Presently, we describe protocols for and show movie documentation of marble burying and nestlet shredding. Both tests are easily and accurately scored and each is sensitive to small changes in the expression of compulsive-like behaviors that result from genetic manipulations, disease, or head injury.
Supplementary Figure 1 from CYR61 and αVβ5 Integrin Cooperate to Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Tumors Growing in Preirradiated Stroma (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from CYR61 and αVβ5 Integrin Cooperate to Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Tumors Growing in Preirradiated Stroma
Platelets enhance neutrophil transendothelial migration via P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (2010)

Platelets are increasingly recognized as important for inflammation in addition to thrombosis. Platelets promote the adhesion of neutrophils [polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)] to the endothelium; P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1 have been suggested to participate in these interactions. Whether platelets also promote PMN transmigration across the endothelium is less clear. We tested the hypothesis that platelets enhance PMN transmigration across the inflamed endothelium and that PSGL-1 is involved. We studied the effects of platelets on PMN transmigration in vivo and in vitro using a well-characterized corneal injury model in C57BL/6 mice and IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under static and dynamic conditions. In vivo, platelet depletion altered PMN emigration from limbal microvessels after injury, with decreased emigration 6 and 12 h after injury. Both PSGL-1-/- and P-selectin-/- mice, but not Mac-1-/- mice, also had reduced PMN emigration at 12 h after injury relative to wild-type control mice. In the in vitro HUVEC model, platelets enhanced PMN transendothelial migration under static and dynamic conditions independent of firm adhesion. Anti-PSGL-1 antibodies markedly inhibited platelet-PMN aggregates, as assessed by flow cytometry, and attenuated the effect of platelets on PMN transmigration under static conditions without affecting firm adhesion. These data support the notion that platelets enhance neutrophil transmigration across the inflamed endothelium both in vivo and in vitro, via a PSGL-1-dependent mechanism.
Periodic structures for integrated optics (1977)

This paper deals with the theory and device applications of periodic thin-film waveguides. Topics treated include mode solutions, optical filters, distributed feedback lasers (DFB), distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers, grating couplers, and phase matching in nonlinear interactions.
Inherited and noninherited risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is likely the result of a concerted action of several inherited and noninherited factors. Although there is a high suspicion that environmental factors are important, proof is missing. Most information has been collected on genetic risk factors. The inheritance pattern for RA is complex, and there is good evidence that HLA as well as non-HLA genes are involved. Almost all racial-ethnic groups share the association of RA with the HLA-DRB1-encoded sequence motif QKRAA or QRRAA. However, the completeness of the association varies significantly in different ethnic cohorts, as can be expected in a multigene model. The sequence motif translates into a pocket in the antigen-binding site of the HLA-DR molecule. The "rheumatoid pocket" accommodates peptide side chains and has distinct binding characteristics. Epidemiologic evidence points toward a role for non-HLA genes. Candidate genes, such as transporter in antigen processing (TAP) genes are currently explored. Major advances in defining and understanding the contribution of inherited and noninherited factors in RA may come from abandoning the concept of RA as a single entity and accepting a heterogeneity model for RA. Distributions of HLA-DR genes indicate that several subsets of RA patients exist. Seronegative (prognostically good) and seropositive (prognostically worse) patients can be distinguished by the arginine versus lysine substitution at position 71 of the HLA-DRB1 gene. A different dimension of disease, rheumatoid organ disease, appears to be reached in patients with two HLA-DRB1*0401 alleles. Identification of distinct RA subsets may allow us to stratify patients into categories that differ with respect to etiology, disease course, clinical pattern, and treatment response.
Toward Development of Neuron Specific Transduction After Systemic Delivery of Viral Vectors (2021)

Widespread transduction of the CNS with a single, non-invasive systemic injection of adeno-associated virus is now possible due to the creation of blood-brain barrier-permeable capsids. However, as these capsids are mutants of AAV9, they do not have specific neuronal tropism. Therefore, it is necessary to use genetic tools to restrict expression of the transgene to neuronal tissues. Here we compare the strength and specificity of two neuron-specific promoters, human synapsin 1 and mouse calmodulin/calcium dependent kinase II, to the ubiquitous CAG promoter. Administration of a high titer of virus is necessary for widespread CNS transduction. We observed the neuron-specific promoters drive comparable overall expression in the brain to the CAG promoter. Furthermore, the neuron-specific promoters confer significantly less transgene expression in peripheral tissues compared with the CAG promoter. Future experiments will utilize these delivery platforms to over-express the Alzheimer-associated pathological proteins amyloid-beta and tau to create mouse models without transgenesis.
Poly(phenylene alkylene)-based lonomers (2023)

A composition and method of forming a composition including a compound including a poly(phenylene) backbone represented by the following formula: ##STR00001## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be the same or different and is H or an unsubstituted or inertly-substituted aromatic moiety; wherein Ar.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or inertly-substituted aromatic moiety; wherein R.sub.4 is an alkylene, perfluoroalkyl, polyethylene glycol, or polypropylene glycol moiety; wherein each of R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 is H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group including two to 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that each R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 cannot be H; and wherein each of Y.sub.6, Y.sub.7, Y.sub.8, Y.sub.9, Y.sub.10 and Y.sub.11 may be the same or different and is H or a functional group are disclosed. The composition can be used as anion-exchange membranes and as an electrode binder material in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.
Changing practice for acute hemiplegic shoulder care: A best practice model (2007)

This study evaluates the implementation of a best practice management model for hemiplegic shoulder care in acute neurological patients. Following a three-month trial, an existing model was modified and implemented on the neurosciences ward. Sixty-five patient records were randomly audited to evaluate implementation. Of these, 30 (46%) had signs that indicated use of the model, and of these, the model was used for 28 (93%). Following implementation, the use of outcome measures increased from 25% to 94%, and the consistency of management for the hemiplegic shoulder improved from 69% to 97%. The management tool for acute hemiplegic shoulder encourages timely identification of risk in patients with upper limb hemiplegia, assists clinicians to prioritize their time and appropriately allocate resources according to best practice.
Fluorescence Properties of P-doped Si Composite Microparticles (2018)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used as the cleanest light source in the world because they have beneficial features such as lower power consumption, high luminescence efficiency, and a prolonged emission lifetime. However, a serious issue must be confronted : these commercially available fluorescence materials contain rare metals. In order to overcome such an issue, we have developed phosphorus (P)-doped silicon (Si) composite microparticles (P/Si-MPs) as novel fluorescence materials. The MPs have excellent advantages, such as high-efficiency fluorescence and long-term photostability ; surface oxidation can also control the fluorescence color. In this paper, we suggest a new synthetic approach and discuss the fluorescence properties of P/Si-MPs.
How far are Pneumatic Artificial Muscles from biological muscles? (2020)

There is a long history demonstrating humans' tendency to create artificial copies of living creatures. For moving machines called robots, actuators play a key role in developing human-like movements. Among different types of actuation, PAMs (pneumatic artificial muscles) are known as the most similar ones to biological muscles. In addition to similarities in force generation mechanism (tension based), the well-accepted argumentation from Klute et al., states that the PAM force-length (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> ) behavior is close to biological muscles, while the force-velocity (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> ) pattern is different. Using the multiplicative formulation of the pressure (as an activation term), f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> beside an additive passive parallel elastic element, we present a new model of PAM. This muscle-based model can predict PAM dynamic behaviors with high precision. With a second experiment on a two-segmented leg, the proposed model is verified to predict the generated forces of PAMs in an antagonistic arrangement. Such a dynamic muscle-like model of artificial muscles can be used for the design and control of legged robots to generate robust, efficient and versatile gaits.
Skin-Derived Precursors Generate Myelinating Schwann Cells for the Injured and Dysmyelinated Nervous System (2006)

Although neural stem cells hold considerable promise for treatment of the injured or degenerating nervous system, their current human sources are embryonic stem cells and fetally derived neural tissue. Here, we asked whether rodent and human skin-derived precursors (SKPs), neural crest-related precursors found in neonatal dermis, represent a source of functional, myelinating Schwann cells. Specifically, cultured SKPs responded to neural crest cues such as neuregulins to generate Schwann cells, and these Schwann cells proliferated and induced myelin proteins when in contact with sensory neuron axons in culture. Similar results were obtained in vivo; 6 weeks after transplantation of naive SKPs or SKP-derived Schwann cells into the injured peripheral nerve of wild-type or shiverer mutant mice (which are genetically deficient in myelin basic protein), the majority of SKP-derived cells had associated with and myelinated axons. Naive rodent or human SKPs also generated Schwann cells that myelinated CNS axons when transplanted into the dysmyelinated brain of neonatal shiverer mice. Thus, neonatal SKPs generate functional neural progeny in response to appropriate neural crest cues and, in so doing, provide a highly accessible source of myelinating cells for treatment of nervous system injury, congenital leukodystrophies, and dysmyelinating disorders.
The Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (1955)

Abstract Planimetry of the 15 maps of scale 1:1,000,000 of the World Aeronautical Chart , U.S.A.F., gives 1.726 × 10 6 km. 2 for the surface area of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The hypsometric curve obtained by measuring the area between contours at 1000-ft. (305 m.) intervals with a planimeter gives 2135 m. for the mean height of the ice sheet. The normal area distribution curve of the ice sheet shows that is certainly in the “Inland Ice” type in Ahlmann’s classification. The mean firn line of the ice sheet is at a height of 1390 m. The discharge from the glaciers in the form of icebergs is estimated to be 215 km. 3 of water per year, and the nett balance of the ice cap is negative and about 100 km. 3 of water per year.
Vehicle formations using directed information flow graphs (2013)

In this paper, we investigate vehicle formations using a ring graph. A ring graph is a directed graph with a unique path for communication between any two vehicles in the formation. In vehicle platoons, a ring type directed information flow graph is formed when each vehicle receives information from its predecessor and the first vehicle receives information from the last vehicle, thus forming a communication ring in its basic form. In such basic form of the ring information structure, the communication distance between the first and the last vehicle increases with platoon size, which creates implementation issues. To overcome this limitation, alternative ring graphs which keep the ring structure but allow for smaller communication distances between vehicles are studied in this paper. If one were to employ a communication protocol such as the token ring protocol, the delay in updating information and communication arise from the need for the token to travel across the information flow graph. For a given formation and a constraint on the maximum allowable communication distance between any two vehicles, an algorithm to create an alternative ring graph can be obtained by formulating this problem as an instance of the traveling salesman problem (TSP); this follows because of the similarity between a ring graph and a Hamiltonian cycle. In addition to vehicle platoons, this algorithm can also be used for two- and three-dimensional formations. An experimental setup consisting of four differential drive mobile robots is used to conduct formation experiments with the basic and alternative ring graphs; a sample of these results will be shown and discussed. We also discuss scalability issues related to ring graphs and conclude with a summary of this work.
Hydrolytically stable aluminum nitride as a filler material for polymer based electronic packaging (2002)

A new filler material, SCAN, silica-coated aluminum nitride, has been developed by The Dow Chemical Company for microelectronic plastic packaging. SCAN is a hydrolytically stable aluminum nitride material with appropriate particle size distribution and thermal conductivity to be used as a filler material for molding compounds or glob-tops where power dissipation is required. The patented silica coating process imparts hydrolytic stability to the powder and modifies the surface chemistry to make it more compatible with resin formulations that have traditionally used fused silica.
A microstrip antenna with three-dimensional CPW feed (2000)

A new design of exciting microstrip antennas using a three-dimensional coplanar waveguide (CPW) is presented. The three-dimensional CPW consists of two parts: one printed on the other side of the substrate (patch substrate) of the radiating patch, and the other on a separate substrate (feed substrate). Both of the CPWs on the feed and patch substrates are connected together, with a flexible connection angle, which forms a three-dimensional CPW. Details of the antenna design and experimental results for a prototype antenna are presented and discussed. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 281–283, 2000.
Genome-wide meta-analysis of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease cohorts (2023)

Our study identified a novel association at the intronic region of <i>DNAAF5</i> associated with increased levels of p-tau across all diseases. We also observed some disease specific genetic associations with these biomarkers.
Industrial Health (1953)

A dynamic industrial nation, while producing an ever increasing abundance of material goods for man, also creates new environments and new health problems. Through research, teaching and service in comprehensive health programs, the Department of Industrial Hygiene is helping to conserve this industrial community's most important resources—its people.