gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profiling of the β-glucosidases identified in the genome of Penicillium funiculosum : Insights from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and homology modelling studies (2022)

ABSTRACT Enzymatic lignocellulosic biomass conversion to bioethanol is dependent on efficient enzyme systems with β-glucosidase as a key component. In this study, we performed in-depth profiling of the various β-glucosidases present in the genome of the hypercellulolytic fungus; Penicillium funiculosum using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Of the eight β-glucosidase genes identified in the P . funiculosum genome, three were found to be extracellular, as evidenced by presence of signal peptides and mass spectrometry. Among the three secreted β-glucosidase, two belonged to the GH3 and one belonged to GH1 families. Modelled structures of these proteins predicted a deep and narrow active site for the GH3 β-glucosidases ( Pf Bgl3A and Pf Bgl3B) and a shallow open active site for the GH1 β-glucosidase ( Pf Bgl1A). The enzymatic assays indicated that P. funiculosum secretome showed high β-glucosidase activities with prominent bands on 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside (MUG) zymogram. To understand the contributory effect of each of the three secreted β-glucosidases ( Pf Bgls), the corresponding gene was deleted separately and the effect of the deletion on β-glucosidase activity of the secretome was examined. Although not the most abundant β-glucosidase, Pf Bgl3A was found to be the most significant one as evidenced by a 42 % reduction in β-glucosidase activity in the Δ Pf Bgl3A strain. To improve the thermostability, two mutants of Pf Bgl3A were designed with the help of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and were expressed in Pichia pastoris for evaluation. The Pf Bgl3A mutant (Mutant A) gave 1.4 fold increase in the half-life (T 1/2 ) of the enzyme at 50°C. IMPORTANCE Commercially available cellulases are majorly produced from Trichoderma reesei . However, external supplementation of the cellulase cocktail from this host with exogenous β-glucosidase is often required to achieve desired optimal saccharification of cellulosic feedstocks. This challenge has led to exploration of other cellulase-producing strains because of the importance of this class of enzymes in the cellulose deconstruction machinery. The non-model hypercellulolytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum has been studied in recent times and identified as a promising source of industrial cellulases. Various genetic interventions targeted at strain improvement for cellulase production have been performed. However, the β-glucosidases of this strain have remained largely understudied. This study, therefore, reports profiling of all the eight β-glucosidases of P. funiculosum via molecular and computational approaches and enhancing thermostability of the most promising β-glucosidase via protein engineering. The results of this study set the background for future engineering strategies to transform the fungus into an industrial workhorse.
Induction of allergic encephalomyelitis using hydrosoluble mycobacterial fractions (1975)

Abstract Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis has been induced in guinea pigs employing bovine myelin basic protein as the antigen and a hydrosoluble tetrasaccharide‐heptapeptide from delipidated cells of the human mycobacterial strain H 37 Ra as adjuvant. The maximum response was observed using 33 μg of antigen and 12.5 μg of adjuvant per animal.
Collective oblate bands inPb196 (1993)

Evidence for collective oblate behavior in $^{196}\mathrm{Pb}$ is presented. One irregular and two regular bands of M1 transitions have been observed following the $^{170}\mathrm{Er}$${(}^{30}$Si,4n) and $^{176}\mathrm{Yb}$${(}^{26}$Mg,6n) reactions. Transitions linking the most intense regular band to the low-lying negative-parity yrast levels are observed, establishing excitation energies, spins, and probable parities of the band members. In contrast, no such transitions have been found for the irregular band and the weaker regular band. The bands are interpreted as corresponding to collective oblate rotation, arising mainly from deformation-aligned high-j, shape-driving quasiproton excitations across the Z=82 shell gap, coupled to rotation-aligned quasineutrons.
Role of 2-Oxonia Cope Rearrangements in Prins Cyclization Reactions (2001)

[reaction--see text] The 2-oxonia Cope rearrangement is undetectable in typical Prins cyclization reactions. We have investigated the Cope rearrangement in a Prins cyclization reaction using a competitive reduction of the oxocarbenium ion intermediate, and a racemization reaction mediated by the rearrangement. In our unactivated substrate, the 2-oxonia Cope rearrangement was much faster than Prins cyclization. An enantioselective allyl transfer reaction also was developed using a 2-oxonia Cope rearrangement.
Low Voltage, High Speed & High Contrast Electrooptical Thin Film Devices for Free Space Optical Interconnects (1998)

Abstract : Speed and 'crosstalk' limitations, encountered by conventional metal transmission lines in 'chip to chip' data/information communication are overcome by Free Space Optical Interconnects (FSOI) for future ultra fast computing/communications systems. Fabry-Perot thin film Electrooptic(EO) modulators (STFP) function as high speed, low voltage operable optical interconnects. Development and demonstration of such STFP's based on ferroelectric/EO F-P modulators is described. For self tuning, with respect to F-P cavity Ferroelectric(FE)/EO thin film) thickness variations and consequent nonuniformity of extinction/contrast across STFP arrays, a holographic mirror (photorefractive LiNbO3) for compensation of thickness was used. For proof-of-concept demonstration, a PLZT bulk crystal plate was used for STFP arrays. A successful demo of 8x8 and 16x16 STFP interconnect arrays is described. The development of KTN (FE/EO) thin films on Sapphire substrates by RF-planar magnetron sputtering (for IC compatibility) and PLZT (low level of effort, backup material) are described. Successful FE properties observation in KTN and PLZT, materials characterization (structural and stoichiometric) and property evaluation are presented. The challenges presented in STFP applications are described. Deficiencies of K, primarily due to negative ion re-sputtering effects in KTN, Pb volatilization in PLZT and extraneous Pyrochlor phases are described.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-COST GPS HERD ACTIVITY AND WELFARE KIT (HAWK) FOR LIVESTOCK MONITORING (2013)

The objective of this study was to develop a low-cost, automatic and continuous Herd Activityand Welfare Kit (HAWK). The operational goal for the GPS HAWK was to collect GPSpositions and analog sensor data at a user-specified sampling frequency and store it in a secureformat. The GPS HAWK uses a Garmin 12-channel, WAAS corrected, low-power GPS receiverwith <3 m accuracy. The microcontroller-based system is equipped with six (0-5V single-ended,10-bit resolution) analog to digital (A/D) conversion channels as well as 16 general purpose I/Opins that can be configured for digital operations or serial communication. Data is stored to anEEPROM device and offloaded daily to a 32MB Compact Flash memory card. Power issupplied using a 6VDC, 7.2Ah sealed lead acid battery. The GPS HAWK was enclosed in aweatherproof enclosure and mounted above the shoulders to provide better satellite visibility tothe receiver and to prevent contact with concrete feed bunks in confined animal feeding studies.
Efficient out-coupling of high-purity single photons from a coherent quantum dot in a photonic-crystal cavity (2014)

We demonstrate a single-photon collection efficiency of $(44.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1)%$ from a quantum dot in a low-Q mode of a photonic-crystal cavity with a single-photon purity of ${g}^{(2)}(0)=(4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)%$ recorded above the saturation power. The high efficiency is directly confirmed by detecting up to $962\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}46$ kilocounts per second on a single-photon detector on another quantum dot coupled to the cavity mode. The high collection efficiency is found to be broadband, as is explained by detailed numerical simulations. Cavity-enhanced efficient excitation of quantum dots is obtained through phonon-mediated excitation and under these conditions, single-photon indistinguishability measurements reveal long coherence times reaching $0.77\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19$ ns in a weak-excitation regime. Our work demonstrates that photonic crystals provide a very promising platform for highly integrated generation of coherent single photons including the efficient out-coupling of the photons from the photonic chip.
Tied Block Convolution: Leaner and Better CNNs with Shared Thinner Filters (2021)

Convolution is the main building block of a convolutional neural network (CNN). We observe that an optimized CNN often has highly correlated filters as the number of channels increases with depth, reducing the expressive power of feature representations. We propose Tied Block Convolution (TBC) that shares the same thinner filter over equal blocks of channels and produces multiple responses with a single filter. The concept of TBC can also be extended to group convolution and fully connected layers, and can be applied to various backbone networks and attention modules. Our extensive experimentation on classification, detection, instance segmentation, and attention demonstrates that TBC is consistently leaner and significantly better than standard convolution and group convolution. On attention, with 64 times fewer parameters, our TiedSE performs on par with the standard SE. On detection and segmentation, TBC can effectively handle highly overlapping instances, whereas standard CNNs often fail to accurately aggregate information in the presence of occlusion and result in multiple redundant partial object proposals. By sharing filters across channels, TBC reduces correlation and delivers a sizable gain of 6% in the average precision for object detection on MS-COCO when the occlusion ratio is 80%.
Optimum Information Transfer Rates for Communication through Haptic and Other Sensory Modalities (2009)

This paper is concerned with investigating the factors that contribute to optimizing information transfer (IT) rate in humans. With an increasing interest in designing complex haptic signals for a wide variety of applications, there is a need for a better understanding of how information can be displayed in an optimal way. Based on the results of several early studies from the 1950s, a general "rule of thumb" has arisen in the literature which suggests that IT rate is dependent primarily on the stimulus delivery rate and is optimized for presentation rates of 2-3 items/s. Thus, the key to maximizing IT rate is to maximize the information in the stimulus set. Recent data obtained with multidimensional tactual signals, however, appear to contradict these conclusions. In particular, these current results suggest that optimal delivery rate varies with stimulus information to yield a constant peak IT rate that depends on the degree of familiarity and training with a particular stimulus set. We discuss factors that may be responsible for the discrepancies in results across studies including procedural differences, training issues, and stimulus-response compatibility. These factors should be taken into account when designing haptic signals to yield optimal IT rates for communication devices.
The Double Face of Metals: The Intriguing Case of Chromium (2021)

Chromium (Cr) is a common element in the Earth’s crust. It may exist in different oxidation states, Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) being relatively stable and largely predominant. Chromium’s peculiarity is that its behavior relies on its valence state. Cr(III) is a trace element in humans and plays a major role in glucose and fat metabolism. The beneficial effects of Cr(III) in obesity and types 2 diabetes are known. It has been long considered an essential element, but now it has been reclassified as a nutritional supplement. On the other hand, Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen and exposure to it occurs both in occupational and environmental contexts. It induces also epigenetic effects on DNA, histone tails and microRNA; its toxicity seems to be related to its higher mobility in soil and swifter penetration through cell membranes than Cr(III). The microorganisms Acinetobacter sp. Cr1 and Pseudomonas sp. Cr13 have been suggested as a promising agent for bioremediation of Cr(VI). This review intends to underline the important role of Cr(III) for human health and the dangerousness of Cr(VI) as a toxic element. The dual and opposing roles of this metal make it particularly interesting. An overview of the recent literature is reported in support.
Buffering Ability of Several Compounds In Vitro and the Effect of a Selected Buffer Combination on Ruminal Acid Production In Vivo (1978)

The buffering ability of several compounds was tested in vitro with rumen fluid from cattle fed roughage-concentrate or all-concentrate rations. The in vitro system developed to test the buffers involved incubating 100 ml rumen fluid (after flushing with carbon dioxide) with 1% buffer and 5% ground extrusioncooked corn 6 h at 39 C. This then was titrated with acid or base for buffering capacity. A computer selected combinations of buffers on their performance singly. With rare exception, hydroxides and oxides were poor buffers alone or in combination because their response often was erratic and usually caused excessive pH changes immediately after addition to rumen fluid. In proper combination, carbonates and bicarbonates were the most promising anions. Occasional benefits were derived from phosphates. Some buffer salts, rated fair or poor alone, balanced out each other's defects and combined into a good buffer.
Hypoadiponectinemia Is an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension (2004)

Adiponectin is one of the key molecules in the metabolic syndrome, and its concentration is decreased in obesity, type-2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Genetic investigation has revealed that 2 polymorphisms (I164T and G276T) are related to adiponectin concentration and diabetes. To examine whether adiponectin affects hypertension genetically or biologically, we performed a case-control study. A total of 446 diagnosed cases of hypertension (HT) in men and 312 normotensive (NT) men were enrolled in this study. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction method. After adjustment for confounding factors, adiponectin concentration was significantly lower in HT (HT: 5.2+/-0.2 microg/mL; NT: 6.1+/-0.2 microg/mL; P<0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis indicated that hypoadiponectinemia was an independent risk factor for hypertension (P<0.001). Blood pressure was inversely associated with adiponectin concentration in normotensives regardless of insulin resistance. In subjects carrying the TC genotype of the I164T polymorphism, adiponectin concentration was significantly lower (TC: 2.6+/-0.9 microg/mL; TT: 5.5+/-0.1 microg/mL; P<0.01), and most of them had hypertension. In contrast, the G276T polymorphism was not associated with adiponectin concentration or hypertension. In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia is a marker for predisposition to hypertension in men.
Analysis of effects of imperfect channel estimates and GI length in an OFDM system (2005)

In this paper, we have derived closed form analytical expressions for describing effects of delay spread and imperfect channel estimation on performance of an OFDM system under conditions of both sufficient and insufficient guard intervals. The treatment has been extended to derive an equalizer for OFDM transmission with delay spread much greater than the CP length. Analysis has also been carried out to highlight the implications of frequency and symbol timing offset on multipath performance of OFDM. The analytical results have been supported by appropriate simulations.
Aspects of cytokine induced modulation of immunity and inflammation with emphasis on interleukin 1. (1988)

Interleukin 1 (IL 1) contributes to both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Purified IL 1 by itself is only one of the signals that induces local inflammation. The contribution of IL 1 to local inflammatory reactions is influenced by exogenous stimuli, antagonists such as steroid hormones and TGF beta (tissue growth factor beta) and agonists such as TNF (tissue necrosis factor). IL 1 production is depressed by glucocorticoids, but glucocorticoids induce expression of receptors for IL 1 on selected cell types including B lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Thus, complex interactions between hormones and cytokines modulate immunological and inflammatory responses.
A compact circularly-polarized conformai antenna using an anisotropic artificial ground (2016)

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and measurement of a compact circularly-polarized conformal antenna employing a finite-sized anisotropic artificial ground plane. The antenna structure consists of a loop monopole on the top and a metallic sheet backed truncated metasurface on the bottom, which are separated by a foam spacer. The metasurface contains an array of two by two loop resonators with a pair of corners chamfered as well as a pair of slots cut into the inner periphery. The integrated antenna, operating at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, has stable characteristics in terms of the input impedance, axial ratio, and gain under structural deformation. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and characterized, showing a good agreement between simulated and measured results.
Assessment of ligand extraction properties: an intercomparison campaign amongst EUROPARTners (2008)

An intercomparison campaign was organized at the beginning of the European FP6 EUROPART Integrated Project, among the partners involved in the assessment of the extracting properties of novel ligands, in order to check their accuracy and reliability when determining metal cation distribution ratios. Three different extracting systems, presenting various selectivity and affinity towards trivalent actinides were selected: (i) CMPO, (ii) TPTZ and (iii) BTP. Although some differences could be pointed out in the implementation of liquid–liquid extraction tests, the distribution ratios measured by the nine partners were fairly reproducible (&lt;20% deviation) for the first two extracting systems. However, large discrepancies occurred when testing the third extracting system, due to its strong hydrolytic instability, thus pointing out the difficulty of assessing extraction properties of instable ligands.
A comprehensive system for semantic spatiotemporal assessment of risk in urban areas (2020)

Abstract Risk assessment of urban areas aims at limiting the impact of harmful events by increasing awareness of their possible consequences. Qualitative risk assessment allows to figure out possible risk situations and to prioritize them, whereas quantitative risk assessment is devoted to measuring risks from data, in order to improve preparedness in case of crisis situations. We propose an automatic approach to comprehensive risk assessment. This leverages on a semantic and spatiotemporal representation of knowledge of the urban area and relies on a software system including: a knowledge base; two components for quantitative and qualitative risk assessments, respectively; and a WebGIS interface. The knowledge base consists of the TERMINUS domain ontology, to represent urban knowledge, and of a geo‐referenced database, including geographical, environmental and urban data as well as temporal data related to the levels of operation of city services. CIPcast DSS is the component devoted to quantitative risk assessment, and WS‐CREAM is the component supporting qualitative risk assessment based on computational creativity techniques. Two case studies concerning the city of Rome (Italy) show how this approach can be used in a real scenario for crisis preparedness. Finally, we discuss issues related to plausibility of risks and objectivity of their assessment.
Asymmetric Lévy Flights Are More Efficient in Random Search (2022)

We study the first-arrival (first-hitting) dynamics and efficiency of a one-dimensional random search model performing asymmetric Lévy flights by leveraging the Fokker–Planck equation with a δ-sink and an asymmetric space-fractional derivative operator with stable index α and asymmetry (skewness) parameter β. We find exact analytical results for the probability density of first-arrival times and the search efficiency, and we analyse their behaviour within the limits of short and long times. We find that when the starting point of the searcher is to the right of the target, random search by Brownian motion is more efficient than Lévy flights with β≤0 (with a rightward bias) for short initial distances, while for β&gt;0 (with a leftward bias) Lévy flights with α→1 are more efficient. When increasing the initial distance of the searcher to the target, Lévy flight search (except for α=1 with β=0) is more efficient than the Brownian search. Moreover, the asymmetry in jumps leads to essentially higher efficiency of the Lévy search compared to symmetric Lévy flights at both short and long distances, and the effect is more pronounced for stable indices α close to unity.
ADAM12‐deficient zebrafish exhibit retardation in body growth at the juvenile stage without developmental defects (2016)

ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) constitutes a family of multi-domain proteins that are involved in development, homeostasis, and disease. ADAM12 plays important roles in myogenesis and adipogenesis in mice; however, the precise physiological mechanisms are not known, and the function of this gene in other vertebrates has not been examined. In this study, we used a simple model vertebrate, the zebrafish, to investigate the functions of ADAM12 during development. Zebrafish adam12 is conserved with those of mammals in the synteny and the amino-acid sequence. We examined adam12 expression in zebrafish embryos by whole mount in situ hybridization and the promoter activity of the adam12 upstream sequence. We found that adam12 is strongly expressed in the cardiovascular system, erythroid progenitors, brain, and jaw cartilage during zebrafish development, and adam12-knockout zebrafish exhibited reduced body size in the juvenile stage without apparent morphological defects. Taken together, these results suggest that adam12 plays a significant role in the regulation of body growth during juvenile stage in zebrafish, although the precise molecular mechanisms await further study.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Erwinia tracheiphila Isolate from an Infected Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) (2018)

Erwinia tracheiphila is a bacterial plant pathogen emerging in eastern North America. To aid in understanding genetic variation within E. tracheiphila, here we sequence the first reference genome of an infected muskmelon (Cucumis melo). The genome assembles into a single chromosomal contig, three plasmid contigs, and one bacteriophage contig.
Pharmakologisch aktive Polymere, 14. Modellsysteme zur Untersuchung der Abspaltung niedermolekularer Komponenten von polymeren Pharmaka (1976)

Abstract Es wurden Polymere dargestellt, in denen 4‐Biphenylylamino‐, N ‐(4‐Sulfamoylphenylazophenyl)amino‐ und 4‐Sulfamoylphenylazophenyloxy‐Gruppen entweder direkt oder über eine ionische Spacergruppe kovalent an die Polymerkette gebunden sind. Die polymeren 4‐Biphenylylamino‐Derivate wurden als Modellsubstanzen zur Messung der Abspaltungsgeschwindigkeit von Pharmaka in vitro und nach intraperitonealer Applikation bei Ratten pharmakologisch untersucht.
Catalytic Asymmetric Acylcyanation of Imines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.