gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and design of asymmetrical half bridge flyback converter (2002)

The detailed circuit behaviour of the asymmetrical half bridge flyback converter is analysed. The specific relationships between the duty cycle and the different types of energy in the energy storage elements are thoroughly investigated. From the analytical results, the maximum duty cycle is not bounded by 50%, which means that the converter can now be optimally used for the different applications. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions of the power switches are derived. Mathematical equations and design considerations are also given. According to the presented design guidelines, the ZVS operations of the power switches can be maintained from no-load to full-load conditions. A 5 V/20 A prototype has been built to verify the analytical results under real life conditions.
SIMULACIÓN DE UN PILOTO DE INYECCIÓN CONTINUA DE VAPOR USANDO POZOS HORIZONTALES (2010)

RESUMEN El uso de pozos horizontales en procesos de inyecci on continua de vapor es una practica que en los ultimos anos ha llamado la atencion de quienes estan involucrados en la recuperacion de crudos pesados. El interes en la utilizacion de los pozos horizontales se debe principalmente al aumento que se genera en el area de contacto entre el pozo y la zona productora, lo cual se refleja en una mayor eficiencia de la inyeccion de vapor. Una forma de establecer si el uso de pozos horizontales mejora el desempe no de la inyeccion continua de vapor es la simulacion numerica del proceso. Por ello se diseno un estudio de simulacion con el objetivo de analizar el comportamiento de la inyeccion continua de vapor para un patron de cinco puntos invertido. Para el piloto simulado se emplearon diferentes configuraciones que involucran el uso de pozos productores horizontales y verticales. Las diferentes corridas de simulaci on fueron realizadas en el simulador de procesos termicos Steam, Tbermal and Advanced Processes ReservoirSimulator (STARS) de la compania canadiense Computer Modelling Group (CMG). Palabras clave: Inyecci on continua de vapor, pozos horizontales, simulacion de yacimientos. ABSTRACT The use of horizontal wells in processes of steamflood is a practice that in the last years has called the attention of those who is involved in the recovery of heavy oil. The interest in the utilization of the horizontal wells owes principally to the increase that is generated in the area of contact between the well and the producting zone, which is reflected in a major efficiency of the steam injection. A way to confirm if the use of horizontal wells improves the performance of the steamflood is the numerical simulation of the process. Therefore a simulation study was effectuated to analyze the behavior of the continuous steam injection for an inverted five-spot pattern. Different conf igurations for the simulated pilot were used that involve the use the horizontal and vertical well. The d ifferent cases from simulation were prepared in the simulator from thermal processes Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator (STARS) of the Canadian company Computer Modelling Group (CMG). Keywords: horizontal well, reservoir simulation, continuos steamflouding
MULTI-K: accurate classification of microarray subtypes using ensemble k-means clustering (2009)

The geometric complexity of clusters should be taken into account for accurate classification of microarray data, and ensemble clustering applied to the number of clusters tackles the problem very well. The C++ code and the data sets tested are available from the authors.
Noninvasive Methods for Evaluating the Localization and Propagation of Epileptic Activity (2003)

There are multiple approaches to analyzing the scalp EEG to obtain information on the intracerebral generators of epileptic activity. We review here a few of these methods, as they have been applied in various research projects carried out at the Montreal Neurological Institute. The areas covered include the validation of dipole models of epileptic spikes and of seizure discharges, the EEG microscope of Kobayashi, the analysis of rapid spread of epileptic seizures, and the recently developed method of combining EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging to obtain activation regions at the time of spikes.
Cervical Lymphadenopathy Secondary to Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in a Child: Case Report (2008)

While most cases of cervical lymphadenopathy resolve with conservative management, persistent adenopathy can lead to costly investigations and invasive treatments. One cause of persistent adenopathy, as well as a variety of other associated systemic symptoms, is Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis). This rare entity can be diagnosed only by excisional biopsy on the basis of its characteristic histologic appearance. We describe a case of persistent cervical lymphadenopathy secondary to Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in an 11-year-old girl.
Design of 60-GHz millimeter-wave CMOS RFIC-on-Chip bandpass filter (2007)

This paper presents design and implementation of a 60-GHz millimeter-wave RFIC-on-chip bandpass filter with a 0.18-mum standard CMOS process. A planar ring resonator structure with dual transmission zeros was adopted to design this CMOS filter. The die size of the chip is 1.148 times 1.49 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured insertion loss of a designed bandpass is less than 5 dB from 59 to 68 GHz. The investigations of sensitivity to the insertion loss and the passband bandwidth for different perturbation stub sizes are also studied. The filter has a 5-dB bandwidth of about 9 GHz at the center frequency of 64 GHz. The measured insertion loss of the passband is about 4.9 dB and the return loss is better than 10 dB within passband.
The PROCESS 2018 statement: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines (2018)

A DELPHI consensus exercise was completed and an updated and improved PROCESS Checklist is now presented.
Initiation of Erection and Semen Release by Rectal Probe Electrostimulation (RPE) (1983)

Instrumentation and methodology are described for rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) in human males to elicit erection and allow semen collection. This system virtually eliminates shock hazard; the simultaneous monitoring of current, voltage and impedance ensures reliability and repeatability. It was tested with 8 neurologically intact subjects, and 12 paraplegic patients with lesions between T4 and L2. Platinum electrodes delivered current (density never exceeding 0.37 mA per mm. at the electrode) at frequencies of 60 Hz, 20 Hz, and 0.25 Hz. Erection was elicited repeatably in only 1 of the intact subjects, and no seminal emissions or ejaculations occurred. Discomfort prevented current delivery beyond levels even 50 per cent of those safely acceptable. Six of 10 paraplegic patients (2 others had penile implants) developed erections with 20 Hz; the other 2 frequencies were much less effective. The extent of RPE-induced penile tumescence varied directly with electrode surface area and applied current intensity. Discomfort was minimal. Retrograde seminal emission in 5 of the 12 paraplegics was verified by post-stimulation recovery of sperm via voiding or bladder irrigation via catheter. Although motility was very low, 4 of 8 recovered bladder-urine/seminal fluid specimens indicated sperm counts and morphology consonant with use in artificial insemination. Thus, RPE, if combined with techniques to allow antegrade semen collection, may be a useful technique for spinal cord-injured men who, as part of their sexual rehabilitation, are interested in siring children.
Simulation Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of Improved Field-Oriented Controlled Induction Motors Incorporating Intelligent Controllers (2022)

This work discusses the simulation and experimental demonstration of a genetic algorithm hybrid fuzzy-fuzzy controller (GA-HFFC) system to achieve speed control of a variable-speed induction motor (IM) drive based on a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique by means of an eZdspF28335 digital signal processing (DSP) experiment board. Two features of field-oriented control (FOC) were used to design the GA-HFFC, namely, the current and frequency. To overcome the limitations of the FOC technique, the principles of the GA-HFFC were introduced through the acceleration-deceleration stages to regulate the speed of the rotor with the help of a fuzzy frequency controller, while a fuzzy stator current amplitude controller was involved during the steady-state stage. The results revealed that the proposed control approach could deliver a practical control solution in the presence of diverse operating conditions.
Neph1 regulates steady-state surface expression of Slo1 Ca2+-activated K+ channels: different effects in embryonic neurons and podocytes (2009)

Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels encoded by the Slo1 gene are often components of large multiprotein complexes in excitable and nonexcitable cells. Here we show that Slo1 proteins interact with Neph1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed in slit diaphragm domains of podocytes and in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. This interaction was established by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins from differentiated cells of a podocyte cell line, from parasympathetic neurons of the embryonic chick ciliary ganglion, and from HEK293T cells heterologously expressing both proteins. Neph1 can interact with all three extreme COOH-terminal variants of Slo1 (Slo1(VEDEC), Slo1(QEERL), and Slo1(EMVYR)) as ascertained by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays and by coimmunoprecipitation. Neph1 is partially colocalized in intracellular compartments with endogenous Slo1 in podocytes and ciliary ganglion neurons. Coexpression in HEK293T cells of Neph1 with any of the Slo1 extreme COOH-terminal splice variants suppresses their steady-state expression on the cell surface, as assessed by cell surface biotinylation assays, confocal microscopy, and whole cell recordings. Consistent with this, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of endogenous Neph1 in embryonic day 10 ciliary ganglion neurons causes an increase in steady-state surface expression of Slo1 and an increase in whole cell Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) current. Surprisingly, a comparable Neph1 knockdown in podocytes causes a decrease in surface expression of Slo1 and a decrease in whole cell BK(Ca) currents. In podocytes, Neph1 siRNA also caused a decrease in nephrin, even though the Neph1 siRNA had no sequence homology with nephrin. However, we could not detect nephrin in ciliary ganglion neurons.
An All-Optical Wavelength Converter in a Layer-Stack Suitable for Compact Photonic Integration (2002)

We have developed a new layer stack based on the integration of active and passive devices in InGaAsP/InP using an MOVPE re-growth technique. The high quality of the new stack is shown by the performance of an all-optical wavelength converter. The converted wavelength showed a static extinction ratio of 33 dB and a − 1.5 dB power penalty in 2.5 Gb/s BER measurements. No error floor was detected.
Crystallization of the bifunctional proteinase/amylase inhibitor PKI‐3 and of its complex with proteinase K (1986)

One of the three wheat germ inhibitors of proteinase K is bifunctional and inhibits simultaneously proteinase K (or subtilisin but not enzymes of the trypsin family) and insect alpha-amylase. The molecular mass of this inhibitor called PKI-3 is 21 kDa, and the binding constant for proteinase K is 0.8 nM at pH 8.2, 25 degrees C, in 1:1 molar ratio. PKI-3 was crystallized by microdialysis against 10-12% polyethylene glycol 6000, 50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 6.7. The crystals have monoclinic space group P2(1) with a = 42.5, b = 65.3, c = 31.5 A, beta = 110 degrees, and diffract beyond 2.0 A resolution. The complex proteinase K X PKI-3 was crystallized by equilibrium vapor diffusion under the same conditions. The crystals are needle-shaped and still too small for X-ray analysis. Gel electrophoresis established the composition of the crystals.
Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Brain (2000)

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides image contrast that is different from that provided by conventional MR techniques. It is particularly sensitive for detection of acute ischemic stroke and differentiation of acute stroke from other processes that manifest with sudden neurologic deficits. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging also provides adjunctive information for other cerebral diseases including neoplasms, intracranial infections, traumatic brain injury, and demyelinating processes. Because stroke is common and in the differential diagnosis of most acute neurologic events, diffusion-weighted MR imaging should be considered an essential sequence, and its use in most brain MR studies is recommended.
Knowledge management metrics via a balanced scorecard methodology (2003)

IT professionals are finding that more of their IT investments are being measured against a knowledge management (KM) metric. Those who want to deploy foundation technologies such as groupware, CRM or decision support tools, but fail to justify them on the basis of their contribution to KM, may find it difficult to get funding unless they can frame them within the KM context. Determining KM's pervasiveness and impact is analogous to measuring the contribution of marketing, employee development, or any other management or organizational competency. The paper addresses the problem of developing measurement models for KM metrics and discusses what current KM metrics are in use, and examines their sustainability and soundness in assessing knowledge utilization and retention of generating revenue. The paper then discusses the use of a Balanced Scorecard approach to determine a business-oriented relationship between strategic KM usage and IT strategy and implementation.
Plastic flow in close-packed crystals via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (1983)

The measurement of plastic-wave profiles in strong shock waves suggests a power-law dependence of the solid-phase shear stress on strain rate. The strain rates in these experiments vary from about 10 kHz to 0.1 GHz. We have carried out molecular-dynamics simulations of steady-state plastic flow in two- and three-dimensional close-packed crystals, using recently developed "nonequilibrium" equations of motion to maintain a constant strain rate and temperature. These calculations appear to be consistent with current experimental data and suggest that the flow of close-packed metals is described by a single physical mechanism over a range of strain rates from 10 kHz to 1 THz.
Adaptive AR spectral estimation based on multi-band decomposition of the linear prediction error with variable forgetting factors (2002)

A new method for adaptive autoregressive spectral stimulation based on the least-squares criterion with multi-band decomposition of the linear prediction error and analysis of each band through independent variable forgetting factors is presented. The proposed method localizes the forgetting factor adaptation scheme in the frequency domain and in the time domain, in the sense that variations on the statistics of the input signal are independently evaluated for each band along the time. In this paper, a new forgetting factor adaptation technique depending exclusively on the input signal is introduced and applied to the multi-window analysis of the linear prediction error structure to generate time-varying autoregressive spectral estimates. An improvement on the fidelity of estimates is shown in computer experiments which compare the proposed method with conventional and multi-band least-squares methods with fixed forgetting factors.
Side Chain Dependence of Intensity and Wavenumber Position of Amide I‘ in IR and Visible Raman Spectra of XA and AX Dipeptides (2005)

A series of AX and XA dipeptides in D2O have been investigated by FTIR, isotropic, and anisotropic Raman spectroscopy at acidic, neutral, and alkaline pD, to probe the influence of amino acid side chains on the amide I' band. We obtained a set of spectral parameters for each peptide, including intensities, wavenumbers, half-widths, and dipole moments, and found that these amide I' parameters are indeed dependent on the side chain. Side chains with similar characteristic properties were found to have similar effects on the amide I'. For example, dipeptides with aliphatic side chains were found to exhibit a downshift of the amide I' wavenumber, while those containing polar side chains experienced an increase in wavenumber. The N-terminal charge causes a substantial upshift of amide I', whereas the C-terminal charge causes a moderate decrease of the transition dipole moment. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the investigated dipeptides in vacuo yielded different correlations between theoretically and experimentally obtained wavenumbers for aliphatic/aromatic and polar/charged side chains, respectively. This might be indicative of a role of the hydration shell in transferring side chain-backbone interactions. For Raman bands, we found a correlation between amide I' depolarization ratio and wavenumber which reflects that some side chains (valine, histidine) have a significant influence on the Raman tensor. Altogether, the obtained data are of utmost importance for utilizing amide I as a tool for secondary structure analysis of polypeptides and proteins and providing an experimental basis for theoretical modeling of this important backbone mode. This is demonstrated by a rather accurate modeling for the amide I' band profiles of the IR, isotropic Raman, and anisotropic Raman spectra of the beta-amyloid fragment Abeta(1-82).
Investigation of the Thermal Stability of Reactively Sputter-Deposited TiN MOS Gate Electrodes (2005)

The effective work function of TiN, deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, was found to be unaltered at /spl sim/5 eV after rapid thermal processing (RTP) annealing in nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures below 700/spl deg/C. However, further increase in the RTP temperature lowered the extracted work function by 0.4-0.5 eV to midgap values. In this brief, RTP anneals of TiN/SiO/sub 2//p-Si MOS capacitors were evaluated by extracting the metal gate TiN work function from capacitance-voltage measurements of MOS capacitors with multiple SiO/sub 2/ thicknesses. The RTP anneals were performed in nitrogen between 600/spl deg/C and 1000/spl deg/C for 30 s. The effective oxide charge density in the capacitors increased by a factor of five at RTP temperatures exceeding 800/spl deg/C. The resistivity seems to decrease slightly with increasing RTP temperature. The crystallographic orientation of the TiN films remain (111) after annealing up to 900/spl deg/C and is apparently not responsible for the change in work function. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates no significant change in the binding states of titanium and nitrogen in the TiN/SiO/sub 2/ interface with increasing temperature.
Drying of Pineapple by Microwave-Vacuum with Osmotic Pretreatment (2011)

Drying of pineapple by microwave-vacuum (MW-V) with osmotic dehydration (OD) as a pretreatment was studied. Central composite design was used for the independent variables sugar concentration (40, 50, and 60 °Brix), immersion time (0, 3, and 6 hours) and product temperature in the microwave cavity (50, 60, and 70°C). The dependent variables were moisture content, shrinkage, rehydration coefficient, visual quality, color, and texture. The osmotic dehydration pretreatment was also evaluated with respect to weight reduction (WR), water loss (WL), and solid gain (SG). Maximizing moisture loss was the main objective of OD pretreatment for various combinations of sugar concentration and immersion time. OD preserved the color of the samples while drying. In the complete process composed by OD and MW-V, only the influence of temperature of the product on the drying rate was statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas OD reduced shrinkage and improved rehydration capacity. The best visual quality was obtained when the independent variables were diminished. OD also significantly (P < 0.05) affected the texture of product producing softer, less surface-hardened product compared to untreated ones.
Organic Light Detectors: Photodiodes and Phototransistors (2013)

While organic electronics is mostly dominated by light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells and transistors, optoelectronics properties peculiar to organic semiconductors make them interesting candidates for the development of innovative and disruptive applications also in the field of light signal detection. In fact, organic-based photoactive media combine effective light absorption in the region of the spectrum from ultraviolet to near-infrared with good photogeneration yield and low-temperature processability over large areas and on virtually every substrate, which might enable innovative optoelectronic systems to be targeted for instance in the field of imaging, optical communications or biomedical sensing. In this review, after a brief resume of photogeneration basics and of devices operation mechanisms, we offer a broad overview of recent progress in the field, focusing on photodiodes and phototransistors. As to the former device category, very interesting values for figures of merit such as photoconversion efficiency, speed and minimum detectable signal level have been attained, and even though the simultaneous optimization of all these relevant parameters is demonstrated in a limited number of papers, real applications are within reach for this technology, as it is testified by the increasing number of realizations going beyond the single-device level and tackling more complex optoelectronic systems. As to phototransistors, a more recent subject of study in the framework of organic electronics, despite a broad distribution in the reported performances, best photoresponsivities outperform amorphous silicon-based devices. This suggests that organic phototransistors have a large potential to be used in a variety of optoelectronic peculiar applications, such as a photo-sensor, opto-isolator, image sensor, optically controlled phase shifter, and opto-electronic switch and memory.
Combined ML and MMSE Multiuser Detection for STBC-OFDM Systems (2005)

Performance of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection is far below that of the maximum likelihood (ML) detection in a multiuser environment and decreases significantly as the number of co-channel users increases. In this paper, we propose a combined MMSE and ML multiuser detection scheme for space-time block coded (STBC) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (STBC-OFDM) which has improved performance but with low complexity. In particular, we propose a reduced complexity ML post-detection (ML-PDP) scheme which can correct erroneously estimated bits from the outputs of MMSE multiuser detection. The proposed ML-PDP scheme performs sequential search to detect a predefined number of bits with higher probability of error and then uses ML detection to correct them. Upon controlling the number of corrected bits it is possible to balance the system performance with complexity associated with the ML-PDP. We show that significant improvement can be achieved at the cost of only small additional complexity compared with the MMSE multiuser detection.