gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line HPLC Analysis System for Metabolism and Inhibition Studies in Precision-Cut Liver Slices (2010)

A novel approach for on-line monitoring of drug metabolism in continuously perifused, precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) in a microfluidic system has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). In this approach, PCLS are incubated in a microfluidic device made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by continuous, single-pass perifusion with fresh medium. Two syringe pumps are incorporated into the system to infuse substrates or inhibitors at varying concentrations into the perfusion medium just before the chip entrance. The medium containing the metabolites produced by the PCLS is directed toward an injection loop. Once filled, the content of this injection loop is automatically injected onto an HPLC for analysis. The on-line analysis of metabolites was tested by using the substrate, 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC). Rapid switching between substrate and solvent control was possible, and a direct metabolic response of the liver slice to perifusion with substrate was detected. Very stable phase II metabolism over a period of 24 h was observed. The inhibitory effect of phloxine B on the formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (phase II product of 7-HC) was also investigated. Phloxine B was injected into the incubation medium in increasing concentrations varying from 0 to 200 μM. The results showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of 7-HC glucuronide formation and allowed the calculation of an IC50 value (concentration in which 50% of the enzyme is inhibited) of ∼85 μM using one single liver slice. On-line detection was also shown to be advantageous for the detection of unstable metabolites. This was demonstrated by determination of the metabolites of the drug diclofenac. The reactive metabolite, acyl glucuronide, was detected at relatively high concentrations which remained very constant over a period of 4 h. In contrast, only low and decreasing amounts of diclofenac acyl glucuronide could be measured in the conventional well-plate incubation system. The advantages of this novel on-line analysis system for PCLS include the capability to obtain direct information about tissue function, assess the concentration dependence of drug-drug interactions in one single slice, and detect unstable metabolites. The system also enables fast analysis without the need to store samples, thus eliminating the associated freeze-thaw problems, and allows the simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites.
The Efficacy and Tolerability of Clobetasol Propionate Foam 0.05% in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Plaque-type Psoriasis of Nonscalp Regions (2003)

Clobetasol propionate foam 0.05% is safe and effective for the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis on scalp and nonscalp areas, when applied twice daily for two weeks. As it is understood that patient dissatisfaction with select topical formulations affects their compliance with therapy, which necessarily affects the effectiveness of the therapy, the results of the patient's poststudy questionnaire suggest that there are multiple and integrated benefits for the use of clobetasol foam in the treatment of psoriasis of nonscalp sites.
Bloom filter based intrusion detection for smart grid SCADA (2012)

In this paper, we propose a distributed, light-weight and fast intrusion detection approach suitable for implementation across multiple resource constrained SCADA field devices in the smart grid. The predictable and regular nature of the SCADA communication patterns is exploited to detect intrusions in the field devices. The novel approach is anomaly-based, uses the Bloom filter data structure for memory efficiency and incorporates the physical state of the power system for greater robustness. The proposed method is tested using MODBUS protocol used for communication between a SCADA server and field devices in a SCADA system.
Bottom-up saliency is a discriminant process (2007)

A bottom-up visual saliency detector is proposed, following a decision-theoretic formulation of saliency, previously developed for top-down processing (object recognition) [5]. The saliency of a given location of the visual field is defined as the power of a Gabor-like feature set to discriminate between the visual appearance of 1) a neighborhood centered at that location (the center) and 2) a neighborhood that surrounds it (the surround). Discrimination is defined in an information-theoretic sense and the optimal saliency detector derived for a class of stimuli that complies with known statistical properties of natural images, so as to achieve a computationally efficient solution. The resulting saliency detector is shown to replicate the fundamental properties of the psychophysics of pre-attentive vision, including stimulus pop-out, inability to detect feature conjunctions, asymmetries with respect to feature presence vs. absence, and compliance with Weber's law. It is also shown that the detector produces better predictions of human eye fixations than two previously proposed bottom-up saliency detectors.
<title>Hollow fiber delivery of Q-switched multiple-order Nd:YAG laser light</title> (2001)

We proposed a use of hollow fibers for delivery of harmonic pulses of high-peak power, Nd:YAG laser light Hollow fibers with an internal silver and polymer layer were fabricated by a liquid phase coating technique and, in an experiment using the 2nd-order Nd:YAG laser, it was shown that the fiber has low-loss property because of the smooth inner surface and proper coating materials. High-power capability of the fiber is also shown when the hollow core is purged with helium gas.
Infeasible primal-dual interior-point algorithm for linear-programming decoding of LDPC codes (2011)

The linear programming (LP) decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes is widely concerned for its maximum likelihood (ML) features. It is that the ML decoding rule for LDPC codes can be relaxed to LP optimization problem. Therefore, this paper focus on an efficient algorithm called infeasible primal-dual interior-point (IPDIP) to solve the LP problem. In each iteration, the IPDIP algorithm obtains the predictor and corrector steps by solving the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) equation twice. The predictor term is used to responsible for optimal solution and the corrector term keeps the current iteration away from the boundary of the feasible region. Furthermore, a modification of the centering parameter is developed to accelerate the convergence speed for the IPDIP algorithm. Simulation results of LP decoding demonstrate that the proposed IPDIP algorithm achieves beautiful bit error rate (BER) performance and good global convergence properties with less iteration number and time than other algorithms which only solve the KKT equation once by Newton method or use the not modified centering parameter.
Correction: Tellurium: a maverick among the chalcogens (2021)

Correction for 'Tellurium: a maverick among the chalcogens' by Tristram Chivers and Risto S. Laitinen, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 1725-1739, DOI: 10.1039/C4CS00434E.
Choosing anatomical-prior strength for MAP SPECT reconstruction to maximize lesion detectability (2007)

With the widespread availability of SPECT/CT systems it has become feasible to incorporate prior knowledge about anatomical boundaries into the SPECT reconstruction process, thus improving observer performance on tasks of clinical interest. We determine the optimal anatomical-prior strength for lesion search by measuring area under the LROC curve using human observers. We conclude that prior strength should be chosen assuming that only organ boundaries are available, even if lesion boundaries will also be known some of the time. We also test whether or not the presence of anatomical priors affects the observer's strategy, and conclude that mixing images with and without priors does not hurt reader performance when priors are not available. Finally, we examine whether using an anatomical prior in SPECT reconstruction helps observer performance when the observer already knows the possible lesion location, and conclude for this task anatomical priors do not provide the same improvement seen in search tasks.
THE PHOTOPHYSICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF TRYPTOPHAN IN INTERACTION WITH POLYNUCLEOTIDES: LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDY (1981)

Abstract— The influence of nucleotides or polynucleotides on the photophysics and the photochemistry of tryptophan (Trp) derivatives has been investigated in aqueous solutions using the 265 nm laser flash photolysis technique. In solutions containing mixtures of N ‐acetyltryptophanamide and uridine monophosphate (UMP) or mercurated dUMP, the Trp triplet and the hydrated electron (e aq ) are quenched at almost diffusion controlled rates by the nucleotides leading to uracil reduction. Lysyl‐tryptophyl‐α‐lysine (Lys‐Trp‐Lys) forms stable complexes in solution with normal or mercurated poly(uridylic acid) [poly(U)]. In the Poly(rU)‐Lys‐Trp‐Lys complex the Trp triplet state is completely quenched, whereas the Trp triplet formation quantum yield is enhanced in complexes with mercurated poly(U). In this last case, the ‘heavy atom effect’ is characterized by a shortening of the Trp triplet lifetime in agreement with low temperature experiments. Our results also show that photoionization of Trp does occur in the complexed state with both polymers. The e aq lifetime is however longer with the complexed than with the free peptide.
The transcription factor Pou3f1 provides a new map to the glutamatergic neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (2020)

Abstract Pou3f1 is a transcription factor involved in early neural differentiation. Cap Analysis Gene Expression (5’-CAGE) analysis reveals that Pou3f1 transcript is highly enriched in the developing cerebellum. Between embryonic (E) days E10.5 and E12.5, Pou3f1 expression is present prominently along the subpial stream (SS), suggesting that Pou3f1 + cells are glutamatergic cerebellar nuclear (CN) neurons. This finding was confirmed by immunofluorescent (IF) co-labeling of Pou3f1 and Atoh1, the master regulator of cells from the rhombic lip (RL) that are destined for neurons of the glutamatergic lineage, as well as in Atoh1 -null tissues, in which Pou3f1 expression is absent. Interestingly, the expression of Pax6, another key molecule for CN neuron survival, does not co-localize with that of Pou3f1. In the Pax6- null Small Eye ( Sey ) mutant, which is characterized by a loss of many glutamatergic CN neurons, Pou3f1 + CN neurons are still present. Furthermore, Pou3f1-labeled cells do not co-express Tbr1, a well-established marker of glutamatergic CN neurons. These results highlight that Pou3f1 + cells are a distinct and previously unrecognized subtype of glutamatergic CN neurons that do not have the “canonical” sequence of Atoh1→Pax6→Tbr1 expressions. Instead, they express Atoh1, Pou3f1, and other markers of CN neurons, Brn2 and Irx3. These findings illustrate that glutamatergic CN neurons that arise from the RL are composed of molecularly heterogeneous subpopulations that are determined by at least two distinct transcriptional programs. Significance Statement The present work has identified Pou3f1 as a marker for a previously unidentified subtype of glutamatergic cerebellar nuclear neurons, the principal output neurons of the cerebellum. The classical model of glutamatergic CN neurons development follows the sequential expression of transcription factors Atoh1→Pax6→Tbr1. However, we found that the development of Pou3f1 + neurons requires Atoh1 but not Pax6. Moreover, Pou3f1 + neurons do not express Tbr1, but instead express two other transcription factors, Brn2 and Irx3. Anatomically, Pou3f1 + CN neurons populate the interposed and dentate nuclei, while the Tbr1 + CN neurons populate the fastigial nucleus. These findings reveal the heterogeneity of CN neuron populations and the diversity of molecular programming that lead to different CN neuron subtypes.
On the Spectrum of Nonstandard Dedekind Rings (2015)

The methods of nonstandard analysis are applied to algebra and number theory. We study nonstandard Dedekind rings, for example an ultraproduct of the ring of integers of a number field. Such rings possess a rich structure and have interesting relations to standard Dedekind rings and their completions. We use lattice theory to classify the ideals of nonstandard Dedekind rings. The nonzero prime ideals are contained in exactly one maximal ideal and can be described using valuation theory. The localisation at a prime ideal gives a valuation ring and we determine the value group and the residue field. The spectrum of a nonstandard Dedekind ring is described using lattices and value groups. Furthermore, we investigate the Riemann-Zariski space and the valuation spectrum of nonstandard Dedekind rings and their quotient fields.
MPEG-7 Compliant Shot Detection in Sport Videos (2006)

In this paper we propose a system for automatic detection of shots in sport videos. Our work covers two main aspects: the first is robust shot detection in presence of fast object motion and camera operations. To this aim we propose a new algorithm, unique for both cuts and linear transitions detection, which only needs the tuning of two parameters. An extended comparison with four transition detection algorithms, representing the state of the art in literature, is reported. Examples with formula 1, basket, soccer and cycling videos are analyzed. The second aspect is an in depth discussion on the annotation of shots and transitions with the MPEG-7 standard.
Polyfluorinated organic micropollutants removal from water by ion exchange and adsorption (2015)

Polyfluorinated organic micropollutants have been recently found in ground water in some industrialized areas of Veneto Region (north-east Italy). Very recent studies evidenced their presence also in River Lambro near Milan (Castiglioni et al, 2015). These compounds can be removed by adsorption on activated carbon with high efficiency, but frequent regeneration is requested especially because of polyfluorobutylic acid (PFBA) and polyfluorobutyl sulfonate (PFBS) that saturate activated carbon much more quickly than heavier molecules as polyfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) and polyfluoroctyl sulfonate (PFOS). In this research work an alternative solution based on ion exchange resins and/or polystyirenic adsorbents was tested both in laboratory with batch tests and on pilot-scale with a continuously fed plant. Experimental work is still in progress and is focused on five different materials supplied by Purolite® Italia and called respectively A600E, PAD500, PAD428, A520E and MN102. Laboratory batch experiments were (and are) performed in order to study both sorption kinetics and spent resin regeneration; four materials have been tested until now: A600E, PAD500, A520E and MN102. Sorption isotherms showed a progressively decreasing adsorption capacity following the order PFOS>PFOA>PFBS> PFBA indicating a dependence of sorption phenomena both on the length of the perfluorinated tail and the pKa of the polyfluorinated acid. Further, batch experiments showed that for A600E the best regenerating solution was a 2 % NH4Cl and 1 % NaCl aqueous solution. Pilot-scale experiments were (and are) conducted in cooperation with the water service company Centro Veneto Servizi of Monselice (PD, Italy) nearby a drinking water treatment plant. The pilot plant was and is made of four parallel columns filled with different materials, each one with a volume of 350 mL and fed with 35 mL/min (2.1 L/h ) micro- filtered water; so residence time is 10 min and surface hydraulic load is 3.0 m3/m2h. Four materials have been tested until now: A600E, PAD500, PAD428 and MN102. Results of first 800 h working (that correspond to a total treated water volume which is ca. 4,500 times the volume of material in each column) were excellent for PFOA and PFOS removal, but a rapid decrease in PFBA and PFBS removal efficiency was encountered with PAD500 and PAD428. Further experiments are scheduled to test A520E on pilot-scale. Moreover, it would be interesting to test more hydrophobic resins which may display an increased affinity for super hydrophobic PFAS anions reducing competitive action of anions such as nitrates and sulfates.
Stereoselective synthesis of precursors of naturally occurring robustadials A and B (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis of precursors of naturally occurring robustadials A and BStefan Koser, H. M. R. Hoffmann, and David J. WilliamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 23, 6163–6165Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00075a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00075a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Knockdown of subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome inhibits C2C12 myoblast differentiation via NF-KappaB signaling pathway (2017)

Background: The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a conserved protein complex composed of 8 subunits designated CSN1-CSN8. CSN3 represents the third subunit of the CSN and maintains the integrity of the complex. CSN3 binds to the striated muscle-specific 1D integrin tail, and its subcellular localization is altered in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. However, the role of CSN3 in skeletal muscle differentiation is unknown. The main goal of this study was to identify whether CSN3 participates in myoblast differentiation and the signalling mechanisms involved using C2C12 cells as a skeletal muscle cell model.
Reprogrammable hardware for educational purposes (1994)

This paper presents a novel idea in teaching computer architecture by using programmable hardware. Current teaching models for computer architecture today are either mostly theory-only or implementation oriented. Theory-based architecture courses lack the feedback to show students the effects of their decisions. Implementation-oriented instruction emphasizes the implementation aspects, that is, very low-level implementation strategies, over CPU architecture and forces the usage of very limited CPU designs to reduce complexity. High cost and long manufacturing times are other problems associated with this approach.
Immature and mature megakaryocytes enhance osteoblast proliferation and inhibit osteoclast formation (2010)

Recent data suggest that megakaryocytes (MKs) play a role in skeletal homeostasis. In vitro and in vivo data show that MKs stimulate osteoblast (OB) proliferation and inhibit osteoclast (OC) formation, thus favoring net bone deposition. There are several mouse models with dysregulated megakaryopoiesis and resultant high bone mass phenotypes. One such model that our group has extensively studied is GATA-1 deficient mice. GATA-1 is a transcription factor required for normal megakaryopoiesis, and mice deficient in GATA-1 have increases in immature MK number and a striking increase in bone mass. While the increased bone mass could simply be a result of increased MK number, here we take a more in depth look at the MKs of these mice to see if there is a unique factor inherent to GATA-1 deficient MKs that favors increased bone deposition. We show that increased MK number does correspond with increased OB proliferation and decreased OC formation that stage of maturation does not alter the effect of MKs on bone cell lineages beyond the megakaryoblast stage, and that GATA-1 deficient MKs survive longer than wild-type controls. So while increased MK number in GATA-1 deficient mice likely contributes to the high bone mass phenotype, we propose that the increased longevity of this lineage also plays a role. Since GATA-1 deficient MKs live longer they are able to exert both more proliferative influence on OBs and more inhibitory influence on OCs.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis in Organic Solvents for Kinetic Resolution of Water-Insoluble .ALPHA.-Acyloxy Esters with Immobilized Lipases. (1997)

Enantioselective hydrolysis of water-insoluble α-acyloxy esters, (±)-5 and (±)-6, was carried out using lipases immobilized with Celite or a synthetic prepolymer (ENTP-4000 or ENT-4000) in a water-saturated organic solvent to produce chiral intermediates, (2S, 3S)-5 and (2S, 3R)-4, for the synthesis of diltiazem hydrochloride 1 and (-)-indolmycin 2, respectively. Furthermore, enantioselective hydrolysis of (±)-6 using lipid-lipase aggregates in water-saturated organic solvent was also found to give (2S, 3R)-4.
Data from Intrinsic Functional Potential of NK-Cell Subsets Constrains Retargeting Driven by Chimeric Antigen Receptors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Natural killer (NK) cells hold potential as a source of allogeneic cytotoxic effector cells for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-mediated therapies. Here, we explored the feasibility of transfecting CAR-encoding mRNA into primary NK cells and investigated how the intrinsic potential of discrete NK-cell subsets affects retargeting efficiency. After screening five second- and third-generation anti-CD19 CAR constructs with different signaling domains and spacer regions, a third-generation CAR with the CH2-domain removed was selected based on its expression and functional profiles. Kinetics experiments revealed that CAR expression was optimal after 3 days of IL15 stimulation prior to transfection, consistently achieving over 80% expression. CAR-engineered NK cells acquired increased degranulation toward CD19&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; targets, and maintained their intrinsic degranulation response toward CD19&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; K562 cells. The response of redirected NK-cell subsets against CD19&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; targets was dependent on their intrinsic thresholds for activation determined through both differentiation and education by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and/or CD94/NKG2A binding to self HLA class I and HLA-E, respectively. Redirected primary NK cells were insensitive to inhibition through NKG2A/HLA-E interactions but remained sensitive to inhibition through KIR depending on the amount of HLA class I expressed on target cells. Adaptive NK cells, expressing NKG2C, CD57, and self-HLA–specific KIR(s), displayed superior ability to kill CD19&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, HLA low, or mismatched tumor cells. These findings support the feasibility of primary allogeneic NK cells for CAR engineering and highlight a need to consider NK-cell diversity when optimizing efficacy of cancer immunotherapies based on CAR-expressing NK cells. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 467–80. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;