gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited Benefit of Postexposure Prophylaxis With VSV-EBOV in Ebola Virus–Infected Rhesus Macaques (2023)

Vesicular stomatitis virus-Ebola virus (VSV-EBOV) vaccine has been successfully used in ring vaccination approaches during EBOV disease outbreaks demonstrating its general benefit in short-term prophylactic vaccination, but actual proof of its benefit in true postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for humans is missing. Animal studies have indicated PEP efficacy when VSV-EBOV was used within hours of lethal EBOV challenge. Here, we used a lower EBOV challenge dose and a combined intravenous and intramuscular VSV-EBOV administration to improve PEP efficacy in the rhesus macaque model. VSV-EBOV treatment 1 hour after EBOV challenge resulted in delayed disease progression but little benefit in outcome. Thus, we could not confirm previous results indicating questionable benefit of VSV-EBOV for EBOV PEP in a nonhuman primate model.
Thermally Induced Shrinkage of Joint Capsule (2000)

Thermal shrinkage of collagen currently is being used in orthopaedic surgery to treat ligamentous laxity. Understanding the kinetics of collagen shrinkage is key to revealing the events that take place during application of thermal energy. To elucidate the thermokinetic properties of collagen, punch biopsies of bovine joint capsule were immersed in a heated saline bath at temperatures between 20 degrees and 90 degrees C for periods up to 60 minutes. The resulting tissue thermal shrinkage was measured by the change in the cross-sectional area of the specimens. Only a small amount of shrinkage occurred at temperatures below 63 degrees C, and increasing amounts and rates of shrinkage were seen at temperatures between 63 degrees and 72 degrees C. The denaturation kinetics of bovine knee collagen, which could be described by a first order reaction rate, had an activation energy of 2.3 x 10(5) kJ/mol.
Molecular Properties of Drosophila Acetylcholinesterase (1983)

Two distinct classes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are reported: a soluble species that shows heterogeneity of forms and a particulate species. The subunit composition of the particulate enzyme was studied using the active site label [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns on nondenaturing gels using the activity stain and the active site label shows that the label is specific to AChE. The smallest active site-containing subunit of the enzyme is a monomer of approximately 60,000 daltons MW. Two such units are linked by disulphide bonds to produce a dimer of about 110,000 daltons. Another monomeric form of MW approximately 64,000 daltons, although present, does not participate in the dimerisation. The particulate enzyme when solubilised exists as a 9-10S species as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. This species has a MW greater than 200,000, as shown by its behaviour on a coarse-bead Sephadex-G200 column. Electrophoretic analysis suggests a MW of nearly 250,000 daltons for this form. Thus, this species is likely to be a tetramer. One possibility is that this tetramer is made up of two units of 64,000 daltons each and a dimer of 110,000 daltons. Preliminary data on mutant enzymes that support such a possibility are also presented.
EATRIS, a European initiative to boost translational biomedical research. (2013)

Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have facilitated the discovery of the key molecular drivers of major diseases. This knowledge raised some optimism in the beginning of this century, yet its impact on disease prevention, diagnosis and targeted intervention remains low. At the same time the pharmaceutical industry is facing the dual challenges of a dwindling drug pipeline and ever increasing cost of drug development. It is against this background that a number of European countries decided to establish EATRIS, the European Advanced Translational Research InfraStructure in Medicine. EATRIS aims for faster and more efficient translation of basic research into innovative products, by providing academia and industry access to the state-of-the-art expertise and highly capital-intensive facilities residing in Europe's top translational research centers and hospitals. To this end, EATRIS formed product groups that provide translational services in the fields of development and supply of (1) molecular imaging and tracing, (2) vaccines, (3) biomarkers, (4) small molecules and (5) advanced therapeutic medicinal products. Herein we describe the background, goals, functions and structure of EATRIS. As an example, it will be described how EATRIS centers involved in imaging and tracing might contribute to more efficient drug development and personalized medicine.
Intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes – Reply (2008)

High-intensity short-pulse lasers are being pushed further as applications continue to demand higher laser intensities. Uses such as radiography and laser-driven particle acceleration require these higher intensities to produce the necessary x-ray and particle fluxes. Achieving these intensities, however, is limited by the damage threshold of costly optics and the complexity of target chambers. This is evidenced by the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) short-pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, producing four high-energy $ \approx 1\;{\rm kJ} $≈1kJ laser pulses at 30 ps pulse duration, being limited to an intensity of $ {10^{18}}\;{\rm W}/{{\rm cm}^2} $10<sup>18</sup>W/cm<sup>2</sup> by the large focal spot size of $ \approx 100\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}} $≈100µm. Due to the setup complexity of NIF, changing the location of the final focusing parabola in order to improve the focal spot size is not an option. This leads to the possible use of disposable ellipsoidal plasma mirrors (PMs) placed within the chamber, close to the target in an attempt to refocus the four ARC beams. However, the behavior of PMs at these relatively long pulse durations (tens of picoseconds) is not well characterized. The results from the COMET laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility carried out at 0.5 to 20 ps pulse durations on flat mirrors are presented as a necessary first step towards focusing curved mirrors. The findings show defocusing at longer pulse durations and higher intensities, with less degradation when using aluminum coated mirrors.
Supplementary figure 4 from Prominent Oncogenic Roles of EVI1 in Breast Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;EVI1 affects cell cycle regulatory molecules in BC.&lt;/p&gt;
Efficacy of an occluding toothpaste on dentinal hypersensitivity over 14 days (2021)

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate a 0.454% stannous fluoride/5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) toothpaste’s ability to provide relief from dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) applied using ‘focused brushing.’ Materials and methods: In two randomised, examiner-blind, parallel-group studies, a SnF 2 /STP toothpaste was applied by brushing two selected sensitive teeth before 1 min whole-mouth brushing, compared to 1 min whole-mouth brushing only, with a negative control toothpaste. DH was assessed via evaporative (air) (Schiff scale) and tactile (Yeaple probe) stimuli after 7 and 14 d of twice-daily brushing. Results: In total, 141 (Study 1)/142 (Study 2) participants were randomised. In Study 1, the test treatment significantly reduced DH at 7/14 d versus baseline (7/14 d Schiff difference: −0.74 [−0.84,−0.65]/−1.39 [−1.54,−1.23]; tactile: 6.00 [4.88,7.13]/15.30 [13.34,17.26]); whereas the Control treatment did not (7/14 d Schiff difference −0.03 [−0.13,0.06]/−0.10 [−0.25,0.06]; tactile: 0.77 [−0.36,1.90]/0.77 [−1.20,2.74]). Differences between Test and Control were statistically significant ( p &lt; 0.0001 all cases). In Study 2, both treatments reduced DH compared to baseline by both measures, but there were no significant between-treatment differences. Toothpastes were generally well-tolerated. Discussion and conclusions: Previous studies and Study 1 support SnF 2 /5% STP toothpaste efficacy; Study 2 results may have been influenced by placebo/Hawthorne effects. DH study design needs to, where possible, negate such effects.
Global Signal Vulnerability (GSV) Analysis for Selective State Element Hardening in Modern Microprocessors (2012)

Global Signal Vulnerability (GSV) analysis is a novel method for assessing the susceptibility of modern microprocessor state elements to failures in the field of operation. In order to effectively allocate design for reliability resources, GSV analysis takes into account the high degree of architectural masking exhibited in modern microprocessors and ranks state elements accordingly. The novelty of this method lies in the way this ranking is computed. GSV analysis operates either at the Register Transfer (RT-) or at the Gate-Level, offering increased accuracy in contrast to methods which compute the architectural vulnerability of registers through high-level simulations on performance models. Moreover, it does not rely on extensive Statistical Fault Injection (SFI) campaigns and lengthy executions of workloads to completion in RT- or Gate-Level designs, which would make such analysis prohibitive. Instead, it monitors the behavior of key global microprocessor signals in response to a progressive stuck-at fault injection method during partial workload execution. Experimentation with the Scheduler and Reorder Buffer modules of an Alpha-like microprocessor and a modern Intel microprocessor corroborates that GSV analysis generates a near-optimal ranking, yet is several orders of magnitude faster than existing RT- or Gate-Level approaches.
Chapter 7: An Envelope Approach to a Sketching Editor for Hierarchical Free-form Curve Design and Modification (1992)

7.1. Introduction Natural and intuitive curve design and modification are the goals for many interactive specification schemes. It is desirable that the process supports an initial rough specification followed by hierarchical modifications to add details and refinement to the design. This is known as hierarchical design. There are many approaches to this problem, even within the framework of nonuniform B-spline representation.
Inverter motor with sinusoidal starting currents, a new solution with 2 DC-links only (2002)

Inverter motors need only simple line and machine commutated power converters and have proven good performance for drives in the MW range. They cause high torque ripple, which is disturbing only at low frequencies, and require additional commutation devices under heavy start-up conditions. The also very economic cycloconverters are only useful for machine frequencies up to 40% of line frequency. The new proposed system combines the advantages of both drives with 2 DC links only. The same circuit operates as a cycloconverter at start-up and low frequencies of the motor, and as a current source inverter at high speeds. A switchover from one operation mode to the other without any transient reaction is shown. The additional expenditure compared to the conventional invertor motor is very small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
209. Pyrazine derivatives. Part XIII. Synthesis of 2-aminopyrazine 1-oxides by the condensation of α-amino-nitriles with oximinomethyl ketones (1951)

W. Sharp and F. S. Spring, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 932 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510000932
Evaluation of a novel strain of infectious bronchitis virus emerged as a result of spike gene recombination between two highly diverged parent strains (2014)

The emergence of new variant strains of the poultry pathogen infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is continually reported worldwide, owing to the labile nature of the large single-stranded RNA IBV genome. High resolution melt curve analysis previously detected a variant strain, N1/08, and the present study confirmed that this strain had emerged as a result of recombination between Australian subgroup 2 and 3 strains in the spike gene region, in a similar manner reported for turkey coronaviruses. The S1 gene for N1/08 had highest nucleotide similarity with subgroup 2 strains, which is interesting considering subgroup 2 strains have not been detected since the early 1990s. SimPlot analysis of the 7.2-kb 3' end of the N1/08 genome with the same region for other Australian reference strains identified the sites of recombination as immediately upstream and downstream of the S1 gene. A pathogenicity study in 2-week-old chickens found that N1/08 had similar pathogenicity for chicken respiratory tissues to that reported for subgroup 2 strains rather than subgroup 3 strains. The results of this study demonstrate that recombination is a mechanism utilized for the emergence of new strains of IBV, with the ability to alter strain pathogenicity in a single generation.
Exogenous Nitric Oxide Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha- or Interleukin-1-Beta-Induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in Human Mesangial Cells (2002)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in glomerulonephritis and nitric oxide (NO) exerts a variety of renal pathophysiological effects. We investigated the effect of exogenous NO on pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced MCP-1 expression in human mesangial cells and its signal transduction pathway. Cells were pretreated with NO donors such as 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) or nitroprusside, and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). MCP-1 expression of mRNA and protein were measured by Northern blot analysis and ELISA. NF-kappaB binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Degradation of IkappaB-alpha protein was assessed by Western blot analysis. SIN-1 inhibited TNF-alpha- or IL-1beta-induced MCP-1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner and also suppressed the MCP-1 protein expression. Nitroprusside inhibited the MCP-1 mRNA expression as well. SIN-1 dose dependently inhibited the TNF-alpha- or IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB binding activity and suppressed the TNF-alpha-induced degradation of IkappaB-alpha. Analogue of cGMP (8-bromo-cGMP) had no significant effect on TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 mRNA expression and guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) also had no significant influence on the inhibitory effect of SIN-1. These results suggest that exogenous NO inhibits MCP-1 expression via suppression of NF-kappaB by reducing the degradation of IkappaB-alpha and through a cGMP-independent pathway.
Electrodynamics of spoof plasmons in periodically corrugated waveguides (2016)

States of the electromagnetic field confined near a periodically corrugated surface of a perfect conductor, spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP), are approached systematically based on the developed adaptation of the mode matching technique to the transfer matrix formalism. Within this approach, in the approximation of narrow grooves, systems with arbitrary transversal structure can be investigated straightforwardly, thus lifting the restrictions of the effective medium description and usual implementations of mode matching. A compact expression for the SSPP coupling parameter accounting for the effect of higher Bloch modes is found. The results of the general analysis are applied for studying the effect of dielectric environment on SSPP spectra. It is shown that the effective SSPP plasma frequency is unaffected by the dielectric constant of the medium outside of the grooves and the main effect of sufficiently wide dielectric slabs covering the corrugated surface is described by simple rescaling of the maximal value of the Bloch wavenumber and the coupling parameter. Additionally, in the case of a thin dielectric layer, it is shown that SSPP are sensitive to variation of the thickness of the layer on the sub-wavelength scale.
Effet du Bromure de 2-Amino-Ethylisothiouronium (AET) sur l’Hémocoagulation (1966)

Résumé L’AET en solution aqueuse et à un pH physiologique se transforme en MEG. Les groupes –SH de ce produit agissent sur plusieurs facteurs procoagulants et anticoagulants. La réaction prothrombine-thrombine paraît particulièrement inhibée tandis que la réaction fibrinogène tllrombir→ fibrine ne l’est que faiblement. La transformation de la prothrombine en thrombine est influencée par le temps de contact du plasma avec L’AET et par la concentration d’AET. Les antithrombines semblent progressivement inhibées par des doses croissantes d’AET. L’augmentation de la constante « Am » du thromboélastogramme fait envisager une action de l’AET sur le LLF (Laki-Lorand factor). Le temps de lyse du caillot est allongé par des doses importantes d’AET. Enfin FAET ne modifie pas la rétraction du caillot et l’adhésivité plaquettaire.
Population trends of major near-shore fish species in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan (1999)

The purpose of this research was to determine population trends of major nearshore fish species in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan from 1984 to 1998 to gain insight into species dynamics. Index trawl samples were collected twice monthly from June through August at three locations. Trends of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) were investigated for the most abundant species: yellow perch (Perca flavescens), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mord iz), and bloater (Coregonus hoyi). Trawl catch of yellow perch, alewife, and spottail shiners at sites M, K, and G were strongly correlated suggesting similar fluctuations. Young-of-the-year trawl catch revealed that insight to population dynamics of species was not always reliable. Trawl CPUE of &gt; age 1 fish provided insight to dynamics of the major species at all sample locations with strong trend similarities between sites. No strong major species interactions were found using simple linear correlations.
Predictors of Early Stem Loosening after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case-Control Study (2011)

Advanced age, female gender, and Charnley class B (as a proxy measure of reduced walking activity) have a protective effect on survival of cemented stems, whereas a higher BMI was a risk factor.
Studies on Intraocular Pressure (1961)

It is generally accepted that the intraocular pressure is determined directly by the rate of formation of aqueous humor, the resistance to outflow, and the recipient venous back pressure. The relationship during steady state conditions has been expressed in the following equation: Equation 1 ( F is the rate of flow of aqueous humor in the steady state, Po is the intraocular pressure, Pv is the recipient venous back pressure, and R is the resistance to outflow.) A sustained alteration of the intraocular pressure may result from a sustained change in the rate of formation of aqueous humor, in the resistance to outflow, or in the recipient venous back pressure. To study physiological and pharmacological effects upon the intraocular pressure ideally requires a technique of manometry which avoids irritation of the eye (and attendant breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier) and permits measurement of the intraocular pressure not only
Measurements of the Cross-Loop Antenna Patterns in High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (2015)

In this letter, measurements of the cross-loop antenna patterns in the Ocean State Measuring and Analyzing Radar type S (OSMAR-S) for monitoring ocean environments are discussed. First, the patterns of the cross-loop antenna are measured by using a moving transponder. The results are not so good, as expected, due to the unstable transmitting signals and impacts of the environments. Then, an improved measurement method of the cross-loop antenna patterns is presented. The transmitting antenna is fixed, and the cross-loop antenna is fixed on a turntable and rotated with it to receive signals coming from different directions. In addition, the cross-loop antenna is connected to capacitors to resonate at the operating frequency. Then, the receiving signals of the operating frequency are strengthened, and the effects of environment are reduced. The near-field and far-field experiments are performed, and the measured patterns are of “8” shapes. Impacts of metal obstacles are also discussed, which provide a basis for evaluating antenna erection of the OSMAR-S. The ocean currents calculated from the patterns measured by the method in this letter are compared with that measured by an acoustic Doppler current profiler. They are in a good agreement, which proves the validation of the measurement method.
Birefringent Laser Mirrors (1969)

Narrow band mirrors composed of a polarizer, a stack of lossless birefringent crystals, and a conventional mirror are described. Curves showing the reflectance characteristics of the mirrors are included. Design data are tabulated for narrow band mirrors that have appreciable between-peak reflectances because of the Gibbs phenomenon as well as for slightly broader band mirrors with lower between-peak reflectances. Computations are presented in a series of graphs to demonstrate sensitivity of the response to the angular adjustment of the crystal elements. Electric tuning of the birefringent mirror is possible and can be enhanced by a double element design. The choice of electrooptic birefringent materials and the temperature sensitivity of the mirror's peak wavelength are discussed along with applications. An appendix provides computational aids for the synthesis of birefringent filters.
Protein array autoantibody profiles to determine diagnostic markers for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (2017)

In our cohort, the presence of high levels of anti-heparan sulphate and anti-histone H2B combined with low levels of anti-vimentin IgG autoAbs is highly suggestive of NPSLE. These results need to be validated in external cohorts.
Effect of Cannabidiol on the Long-Term Toxicity and Lifespan in the Preclinical Model Caenorhabditis elegans (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Despite widespread use of cannabidiol (CBD), no lifelong toxicity study has been published to date. <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> is often used in preclinical lifelong toxicity studies, due to an estimated 60-80% of their genes having a human ortholog, and their short lifespan of ∼2-3 weeks. In this study, we examined both acute and long-term exposure studies of CBD at physiologically relevant concentrations. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Acute toxicity was determined by treating day 1 adults with a wide range of CBD concentrations (0.4 μM to 4 mM) and assessing mortality and motility compared to control animals. Thermotolerance was examined by treating adult animals with CBD (0.4 μM to 4 mM) and exposing them to 37°C for 4 h, and then scoring for the number of alive animals treated with CBD compared to controls. Long-term toxicity was assessed by exposing day 1 adults to 10, 40, and 100 μM CBD until all animals perished. Control animals had no active drug exposure. <b>Results:</b> We report both acute and long-term exposure studies of CBD to adult <i>C. elegans</i> at physiologically relevant concentrations. Acute toxicity results showed that no animal died when exposed to 0.4-4000 μM CBD. The thermotolerance study showed that 40 μM CBD, but not other treatment levels, significantly increased resistance to heat stress by 141% compared to the untreated controls. Notably, whole-life exposure of <i>C. elegans</i> to 10-100 μM CBD revealed a maximum life extension of 18% observed at 40 μM CBD. In addition, motility analysis of the same groups revealed an increase in late-stage life activity by up to 206% compared to controls. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results serve as the only CBD lifelong exposure data in an <i>in vivo</i> model to date. While further research into the lifelong use of CBD should be carried out in mammalian models, the <i>C. elegans</i> model indicates a lack of long-term toxicity at physiologically relevant concentrations.