gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural mechanisms of spatial tactile discrimination: neural patterns evoked by braille‐like dot patterns in the monkey. (1981)

1. The experiments reported here were designed to investigate the responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents to spatially configured dot patterns scanned across the skin. Braille-like patterns were selected because the discrimination of Braille characters must depend on spatial patterning rather than some other facet of the afferent discharge. 2. A multifactorial experimental design was used in which each afferent fibre was studied using every combination of six dot patterns, two dot sizes, two dot spacings, two contact forces and two scanning velocities. Two other factors, scanning direction relative to the skin ridges and intermittent versus continuous scanning, were studied. 3. Beside the general question concerning the response properties of the mechanoreceptive afferents, three major questions were addressed here. (i) What is the critical spatial dimension at which neural spatial patterning breaks down and below which tactual discrimination must depend on facets of the afferent discharge other than spatial neural patterning? (ii) Which mechanoreceptive population sets this critical dimension? (iii) Why is tactual discrimination enhanced by lateral scanning? 4. The results presented here suggest that the critical dimension, below which spatial neural patterning breaks down, is of the order of 1.0 mm and that the slowly adapting (SA) afferent fibres are responsible for this limit. 5. At dimensions above approximately 1.0 mm the spatial contrast between peaks and troughs in the SA discharge is markedly enhanced during scanning. When the skin is stationary the discharge rates in the SA population drop rapidly to low levels. A second possible reason for enhanced tactual discrimination during scanning is related to the increased spatiotemporal information in a coherent pattern of neural activity moving across a discrete population of afferent fibres. 6. The effects of variations in conduction velocity are analysed and it is shown that they place serious constraints on the transmission of spatiotemporal information.
Antioxidant capacity of small dark fruits: Influence of cultivars and harvest time (2014)

peer reviewed
Welfare-enhancing collusion in the presence of a competitive fringe (2005)

Following the structure of many commodity markets, we consider a few large firms and a competitive fringe of many small suppliers choosing quantities in an infinite-horizon setting subject to demand shocks. We show that a collusive agreement among the large firms may not only bring an output contraction but also an output expansion (relative to the non-collusive output level). The latter occurs during booms, when the fringe’s market share is more important, and is due to the strategic substitutability of quantities (we will never observe an output-expanding collusion in a price-setting game). In addition and depending on the fringe’s market share the time at which maximal collusion is most difficult to sustain can be either at booms or recessions. 1
Artificial membranes with selective nanochannels for protein transport (2016)

Membranes based on poly(styrene-<italic>b</italic>-4-hydroxystyrene-<italic>b</italic>-styrene) were prepared with nanochannels for preferential transport of proteins with molecular weight 14.3 kg mol<sup>−1</sup>and rejection of neutral polyethylene glycol molecules with molecular size of 10 kg mol<sup>−1</sup>.
Differential sensitivity to calcium entry blockade of angiotensin II-induced contractions of rat and guinea-pig aorta. (1989)

Angiotensin II-amide (A II) elicits a concentration-dependent contraction of vascular smooth muscle. This vasoconstriction proved sensitive to calcium entry blockade, more so in rat aorta than in guinea-pig aorta. The structurally different calcium entry blockers (CEB) nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, concentration-dependently impaired A II-induced vasoconstriction of rat aortic strips until almost complete suppression was obtained. The same pattern of inhibition could be demonstrated by lowering the calcium content of the bath fluid. In guinea-pig aortic preparations, however, complete suppression of the constrictor effect to A II could not be achieved. Diltiazem proved more effective in inhibiting the maximal vasoconstriction to A II than nifedipine and verapamil. For comparison, the ratio between the inhibitory potencies of the CEB studied on vasoconstriction elicited by A II and on K+-induced contractions in both species were calculated; this resulted in A II/K+ ratios close to unity for rat aorta. In guinea-pig aortic strips the ratios proved to vary with the CEB used. In this species, a difference in sensitivity of both influx processes was found both for nifedipine and diltiazem. These findings would implicate the existence of a receptor-operated channel, activated by A II and thus triggering vasoconstriction in addition to the potential-operated channel which can be activated by depolarization.
Effects of early stress on brain structure and function: Implications for understanding therelationship between child maltreatment and depression (2001)

Child abuse is associated with markedly elevated rates of major depression (MDD) in child, adolescentt, and adult cohorts. This article reviews preclinical (e.g., animal) studies of the effects of early stress and studies of the neurobiological correlates of MDD in adults and children, and it highlights differences in the neurobiological correlates of MDD and stress at various developmental stages. The preclinical studies demonstrate that stress early in life can alter the development multiple neurotransmitter systems and promote structural and functional alterations in brain regions similar to those seen in adults with depression. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest, however, that long-term neurobiological changes associated with early stress can be modified by familial/genetic factors, the quality of the subsequent caregiving environment, and pharmacological interventions. Little is known about how developmental factors interact with experiences of early stress and these other modifying factors. Moreover, in cases of child maltreatment, the effects of early abuse are often exacerbated by failures in the child protection system and repeat out-of-home placements. Given the number of factors that impact on the long-term outcome of maltreated children, multidisciplinary research efforts are recommended to address this problem-with foci that span from neurobiology to social policy.
Mechanisms for Diameter service performance enhancement (2009)

One of the basic requirements of service providers is to deliver fast processing, highly available, scalable, redundant and unobtrusive AAA services. In this paper we present incorporation of Diameter service into a legacy switching system. Our approach is based on a component architecture and the use of open source software to speed-up the development cycle. The main idea is to multiply critical nodes/interfaces with optional state replication thus avoiding single point of failure in the system and providing full redundancy of the service. We specifically discuss mechanisms that lead to performance improvements and present results proving the concept.
Signal transmission with optical carriers in multimode range of single-mode fibres (1987)

Low-cost optical transmission systems consisting of GaAlAs transmitter devices, Si-APD receivers and single-mode fibres with 1.2 μm cutoff have been investigated. Theoretical and experimental results are presented which demonstrate the potential as well as the limitations of such systems for local network applications.
Human Tumor-Derived Exosomes Down-Modulate NKG2D Expression (2008)

NKG2D is an activating receptor for NK, NKT, CD8(+), and gammadelta(+) T cells, whose aberrant loss in cancer is a key mechanism of immune evasion. Soluble NKG2D ligands and growth factors, such as TGFbeta1 emanating from tumors, are mechanisms for down-regulating NKG2D expression. Cancers thereby impair the capacity of lymphocytes to recognize and destroy them. In this study, we show that exosomes derived from cancer cells express ligands for NKG2D and express TGFbeta1, and we investigate the impact of such exosomes on CD8(+) T and NK cell NKG2D expression and on NKG2D-dependent functions. Exosomes produced by various cancer cell lines in vitro, or isolated from pleural effusions of mesothelioma patients triggered down-regulation of surface NKG2D expression by NK cells and CD8(+) T cells. This decrease was rapid, sustained, and resulted from direct interactions between exosomes and NK cells or CD8(+) T cells. Other markers (CD4, CD8, CD56, CD16, CD94, or CD69) remained unchanged, indicating the selectivity and nonactivatory nature of the response. Exosomal NKG2D ligands were partially responsible for this effect, as down-modulation of NKG2D was slightly attenuated in the presence of MICA-specific Ab. In contrast, TGFbeta1-neutralizing Ab strongly abrogated NKG2D down-modulation, suggesting exosomally expressed TGFbeta as the principal mechanism. Lymphocyte effector function was impaired by pretreatment with tumor exosomes, as these cells exhibited poor NKG2D-dependent production of IFN-gamma and poor NKG2D-dependent killing function. This hyporesponsiveness was evident even in the presence of IL-15, a strong inducer of NKG2D. Our data show that NKG2D is a likely physiological target for exosome-mediated immune evasion in cancer.
Larvicidal Activity of the Essential Oils and Methanol Extracts of Malaysian Plants on Aedes aegypti (2003)

A total of 17 methanol extracts and nine essential oils of Malaysian plants were investigated for their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Acute mortality of the fourth instar larvae was determined according to the standard WHO method. Among the samples studied, the essential oils of Cinnamomum impressicostatum Kosterm., C. microphyllum Ridl. and Curcuma domestica Valeton showed significant effects with LC 50 values of 13.7, 20.6 and 20.9µg/ml, respectively. Except for Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., the essential oils of the other species were also effective against the larvae with LC 50 values less than 200µg/ml. Of the methanol extracts, Garcinia praniana King, G. griffithii T. Anders, Labisia pumila var. alata Lindl., L. pumila var. pumila and Mitragyna speciosa Korth. showed relatively high activity with LC 50 values ranging from 103-271µg/ml. The methanol extracts were generally less effective than the essential oils with most extracts exhibiting LC 50 values greater than 500µg/ml.
Treatment of anergic depression in hashimoto's thyroiditis with fluoxetine and d‐amphetamine (1993)

Abstract Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been known to produce symptoms of severe anergia, fatigue, and depression. The hypothyroidism impairs cerebral function causing marked motor slowing which complicates the treatment of concomitant depression. In this open trial, three patients with documented Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Major Depression responded to a combination of fluoxetine and d‐amphetamine. Despite improvement in mood with fluoxetine alone, all three patients had persistent anergia which resolved after the addition of d‐amphetamine to their regimen. A discussion of the unique aspects of anergia and depression associated with hypothyroidism follows, with a focus on the cerebral impairment and delayed reaction time that complicates this illness. The neurotransmitter enhancing properties of serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors and direct‐acting psychostimulants may, in combination, provide a unique treatment approach to anergic depression associated with hypothyroidism. Depression 1:110–114 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes of natural killer cell activity in different mouse lines by acute and asymptomatic flavivirus infections. (1986)

Effect of certain flaviviruses on the activity of mouse natural killer (NK) cells was investigated using the classical mouse splenocyte system and YAC-1 cells for demonstration of NK cell cytotoxicity. Infection of mice with Langat and West Nile (WN) viruses was accompanied by temporary activation of NK cells. In mice infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus the stimulation phase of NK cell cytotoxicity on days 2-4 post-infection (p.i.) was followed by suppression of their activity. As to the surface markers (sensitivity to antitheta and antiimmunoglobulin serum, respectively), the flavivirus-activated NK cells did not differ from the endogenous NK cells of intact mice. The stimulatory effect of flaviviruses on cytotoxicity of NK cells varied in different mouse lines. An increased NK cell activity at early stages of TBE virus infection was observed in mouse lines characterized by low (C57B1/6) and medium (BALB/c)--but not by high (CBA)-activity of their non-stimulated NK cells. Suppression of NK cell activity at later stages of TBE virus infection was not associated with virus multiplication in mouse splenocytes.
An approach for identifyation of areas with higher expected damage and definition of priority levels for prevention plans in Murcia Province (SE Spain) (2008)

The Murcia Region is one of the most active zones in Spain, where three earthquakes took place in 1999, 2002 and 2005. In spite of their low magnitudes (Mw 4.8), these earthquakes caused important damage, the last one reaching an EMS-98 intensity of VII. After that event, the RISMUR project started, aimed at providing a general picture of the seismic risk, which allows us to identify zones requiring a more detailed analysis of where prevention plans should be prioritized. A multidisciplinary study, starting with the seismic hazard assessment, which follows the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment methodology has been carried out at a regional scale. The expected ground motion (rock sites), for a return period of 475 years, has been characterized in terms of PGA and spectral ordinates and the corresponding maps have been drawn. In addition, a regional geotechnical study has been done and a classification of eight types of soils has been proposed, with the corresponding amplification factors. The combination of previous maps and factors, gives a new hazard map which already includes local effects. In parallel, a vulnerability assessment of the Murcian building stock is carried out, based fundamentally on the age of construction and following the EMS-98 criteria. Taking into account the expected ground motions and building vulnerabilities, the distribution of expected damage is estimated by the application of probability damage matrixes. A suite of maps representing seismic risk in terms of damage parameters for the entire region and from which we can identify the locations with higher expected damage have been obtained. We use the Coulomb stress transfer map of the region as additional criteria for defining priority areas where detailed studies should be performed. This gives information about the zones with stress load due to the previous seismicity and where new events could be triggered. The superposition of this map with the active faults of the region and the locations with higher expected damage allows us to establish a four-level priority ranking where future local-scale analyses should be made.
Review of Parameter Identification Procedures in Groundwater Hydrology: The Inverse Problem (1986)

The purpose of this survey is to review parameter identification procedures in groundwater hydrology and to examine computational techniques which have been developed to solve the inverse problem. Parameter identification methods are classified under the error criterion used in the formulation of the inverse problem. The problem of ill‐posedness in connection with the inverse problem is addressed. Typical inverse solution techniques are highlighted. The review also includes the evaluation of methods used for computing the sensitivity matrix. Statistics which can be used to estimate the parameter uncertainty are outlined. Attempts have been made to compare and contrast representative inverse procedures, and direction for future research is suggested.
Parametric estimation of 3D tubular structures for diffuse optical tomography (2013)

We explore the use of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for the recovery of 3D tubular shapes representing vascular structures in breast tissue. Using a parametric level set method (PaLS) our method incorporates the connectedness of vascular structures in breast tissue to reconstruct shape and absorption values from severely limited data sets. The approach is based on a decomposition of the unknown structure into a series of two dimensional slices. Using a simplified physical model that ignores 3D effects of the complete structure, we develop a novel inter-slice regularization strategy to obtain global regularity. We report on simulated and experimental reconstructions using realistic optical contrasts where our method provides a more accurate estimate compared to an unregularized approach and a pixel based reconstruction.
Release of ATP from Perfused Heart during Coronary Vasodilatation (1974)

The release of ATP into the coronary circulation during the vasodilatory response to hypoxia of the perfused guinea pig heart has been measured by the highly sensitive firefly luciferin-luciferase assay method. A reduction in perfusion pressure by more than 50% was accompanied by an increase in ATP concentration in the perfusate from 0.21 ± 0.05 to 0.64 ± 0.09 pmol/ml. When ATP (0.1 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;M&lt;i&gt;) &lt;/i&gt;was infused into the coronary circulation, about 99% was bound and/or metabolized during transit, indicating that the measured increase in perfusate ATP during hypoxia is likely to be a substantial underestimate of the true release. This conclusion is supported by experiments with the ATPase inhibitor ouabain, which markedly increased the amount of ATP in the perfusate from the hypoxic heart. Neither guanethidine nor hyoscine significantly altered the vasodilatory response to hypoxia, thus indicating that adrenergic and cholinergic nerves are not responsible. Guanethidine and hyoscine also had no effect on the release of ATP. The possibility that ATP is involved in the physiological regulation of coronary flow is discussed, as well as thequestion of whether the source of the ATP is anoxic cardiac muscle or purinergic nerves.
MIKADO - a system for computer aided microprogram design (1974)

This paper discusses some software aids used in microprogram development at Siemens.
Green Family (1894)

Journal Article Green Family Get access Joseph J. Green Joseph J. Green 1Frieston Lodge, Stonebridge Park, N.W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-VI, Issue 156, 22 December 1894, Page 487, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-VI.156.487a Published: 22 December 1894
Summary of Vehicle Detection and Surveillance Technologies used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (2000)

This summary document was developed to assist in the selection of vehicle detection and surveillance technologies that support traffic management and traveler information services. Included are descriptions of common types of vehicle detection and surveillance technologies in terms of theory of operation, installation methods advantages and disadvantages,and summary information about performance in clear and inclement weather and relative cost. Under intrusive technologies, the following are described: pneumatic road tube inductive loop detectors, piezoelectric sensors, magnetic sensors, and weigh in motion (WIM). In the non-intrusive category, these technologies are described: video image processor, microwave radar infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and passive acoustic array sensors. Following each technology description is vendor-provided information about specific sensor models, their functions and applications, users,and installation and maintenance costs
Effect of Bergmeister papilla on disc parameters in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2023)

Abstract Background: To demonstrate the morphological characteristics of Bergmeister papilla (BMP), a persistent hyaloid remnant tissue, and its effects on the measurements and repeatability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was used to collect 83 patients with BMP and 76 age-matched unaffected individuals from a tertiary care institution. Imaging including 5-line raster and 3 consecutive optic disc cube scans centered on the optic disc were acquired using the Cirrus HD-OCT. Structural characteristics of BMP were classified according to the images of raster scans, and the repeatability of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer parameters was analyzed by calculating the test-retest standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: BMP was categorized into lifting edge (LE) type where does not cover the entire optic nerve head, but partially covers the corners, and covering disc (CD) type in which covers the entire cupping area like a cap. Among the BMP of 83 eyes, 58 (63.9%) were lifting edge type and 33 (36.1%) were CD type, and some of the optic nerve head parameters in OCT showed significant differences between the CD and LE types and normal control eyes. The analysis of repeatability showed that eyes with LE types affected cup volume and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer parameters and correlated with BMP location. Conclusion: Because BMP might be a pitfall in OCT imaging, it is necessary to be careful when interpreting OCT in an eye with BMP.
Correction: Altered Cell Cycle Gene Expression and Apoptosis in Post-Implantation Dog Parthenotes (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041256.].
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Racemic Flurbiprofen by Lipase‐Mediated Esterification in Organic Solvent. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antenna aperture tapers for regulatory tradeoff (2016)

Transmit antennas in radio communications need to conform to regulatory limits on off-axis emissions, which place constraints on the shape of the radiation pattern. These constraints can be satisfied by applying an amplitude taper to the aperture excitation, but for a fixed power source, any such taper reduces the psd (power spectral density) that the antenna can achieve on the main beam. In this paper we consider the design of taper functions to meet limitations on off-axis emissions with the least impact on psd. The use of these tapers can result in reduced antenna size, improved power balance, and/or increased usable system bandwidth.