gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of Inflammatory Immune Responses with Hydrophilic Nanoparticles (2018)

While hydrophobic nanoparticles (NPs) have been long recognized to boost the immune activation, whether hydrophilic NPs modulate an immune system challenged by immune stimulators and how their hydrophilic properties may affect the immune response is still unclear. To answer this question, three polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(sulfobetaine) (PSB) and poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB), which are commonly considered hydrophilic, are studied in this work. For comparison, nanogels with uniform size and homogeneous surface functionalities were made from these polymers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and an LPS-induced lung inflammation murine model were used to investigate the influence of nanogels on the immune system. Results show that the treatment of hydrophilic nanogels attenuated the immune responses elicited by LPS both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that PCB nanogels, which have the strongest hydration and the lowest non-specific protein binding, manifested the best performance in alleviating the immune activation, followed by PSB and PEG nanogels. This reveals that the immunomodulatory effect of hydrophilic materials is closely related to their hydration characteristics and their ability to resist non-specific binding in complex media.
Meta-optic Accelerators for Object Classifiers (2022)

Rapid advances in deep learning have led to paradigm shifts in a number of fields, from medical image analysis to autonomous systems. These advances, however, have resulted in digital neural networks with large computational requirements, resulting in high energy consumption and limitations in real-time decision making when computation resources are limited. Here, we demonstrate a meta-optic based neural network accelerator that can off-load computationally expensive convolution operations into high-speed and low-power optics. In this architecture, metasurfaces enable both spatial multiplexing and additional information channels, such as polarization, in object classification. End-to-end design is used to co-optimize the optical and digital systems resulting in a robust classifier that achieves 95% accurate classification of handwriting digits and 94% accuracy in classifying both the digit and its polarization state. This approach could enable compact, high-speed, and low-power image and information processing systems for a wide range of applications in machine-vision and artificial intelligence.
Quantum control and Quantum information (2007)

Quantum information science has blossomed into a major research field over the past decade or so. In doing so, it has established links with several other areas of physics, computer science, and engineering. One of these areas is quantum control – the extension of control theory to physical systems whose dynamics are governed by quantum mechanics. Quantum control, like quantum information, is a fairly young field with remarkable technological consequences, and this cross-pollination is proving to be stimulating. In this thesis we explore some of the connections between quantum information and quantum control. In particular, (i) we examine quantum error correction from a quantum feedback control perspective, and demonstrate new continuous time implementations of quantum error correcting codes; (ii) we consider performing quantum feedback control experiments on a solid-state quantum computing architecture – circuit QED – and propose new measurement schemes that would enable such experiments; and (iii) we consider the problem of optimally estimating quantum processes, and in particular, analyze in detail the problem of optimally estimating a one-parameter quantum process.
VEGF-A AND -C but not -B mediate increased vascular permeability in preserved lung grafts1 (2002)

These results indicate that unventilated hypoxia increases vascular permeability in lung grafts and that this process is mainly regulated at VEGF-A and VEGF-C translational but not transcriptional level. Selective VEGF antagonism during graft preservation might be of benefit to counteract edema formation.
Electrochemically-Induced Reactions of Hexafluorophosphate Anions with Water in Negative Ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry of Undiluted Ionic Liquids (2006)

The influence of water on the observed gas-phase population of negative ions in electrospray mass spectrometry was studied for the undiluted ionic liquid 1,3-butyl-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM+PF6-). During the electrospray process, electrolytic reduction of water enhances the production of tetrafluorophosphate (F4PO-), which undergoes further reactions to produce difluorophosphate (F2PO2-) anions. These anions are observed in addition to the pre-existing hexafluorophosphate anion. The apparent substitution of two fluorine atoms with one oxygen is attributed to a series of reactions initiated by hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate. This hydrolysis reaction was enhanced by the addition of hydroxide, formed via the hydrolysis of water or through the addition of ammonium hydroxide. The formation of FxPOy- was studied as a function of the electrospray current and solution flow rate. The mass spectral response shows a quantitative logarithmic relationship between SigmaFxPOy- signal intensities (adjusted for mole equivalents of H2O required) and the amount of water present, against which the water content could be rapidly assessed. Results were found to be comparable to Karl Fischer titration data.
Systems and methods for biometric identification using the acoustic properties of the ear canal (2023)

The present invention teaches systems and methods for verifying or recognizing a person's identity based on measurements of the acoustic response of the individual's ear canal. The system comprises an acoustic emission device, which emits an acoustic source signal s(t), designated by a computer, into the ear canal of an individual, and an acoustic response detection device, which detects the acoustic response signal f(t). A computer digitizes the response (detected) signal f(t) and stores the data. Computer-implemented algorithms analyze the response signal f(t) to produce ear-canal feature data. The ear-canal feature data obtained during enrollment is stored on the computer, or some other recording medium, to compare the enrollment data with ear-canal feature data produced in a subsequent access attempt, to determine if the individual has previously been enrolled. The system can also be adapted for remote access applications.
The Reaction of 2,4,6-Triphenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazin-1-ium Salt with Active Methylene Compounds (1982)

Abstract The reaction of 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate with several active methylene compounds was studied. Nitromethane and nitroethane gave 2H-1,3,5-thiadiazines. The compounds possessing a benzoyl group reacted with this salt to give 5-substituted 2,4,6-triphenylpyrimidines, while those possessing a carbamoyl group afforded 5-substituted 4-hydroxy-2,6-diphenylpyrimidines or 4(3H)-pyrimidinone. On the other hand, malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate gave 5-substituted 4-mercapto-2,6-diphenylpyrimidines, with the liberation of benzonitrile. It was thus found that 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate reacts with active methylene compounds in fashions similar to that of 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3-thiazin-1-ium salt.
Procedures for Modifying the Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) (2004)

This memo specifies procedures for modifying the Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP). This memo also lays out new assignment guidelines for number spaces for RSVP messages, object classes, class-types, and sub-objects.
An Update on the Use of the Sodium Rhodizonate Test for the Detection of Lead Originating from Firearm Discharges (1996)

Abstract We have made a comprehensive investigation of the chemistry associated with the Sodium Rhodizonate Test for particulate lead deposited on surfaces as a consequence of a firearm discharge. This has been directed at addressing some of the problems that have hitherto compromised the value of this test to forensic science. In particular, we have found that aqueous solutions of sodium rhodizonate are considerably more stable if stored below pH 3. The rhodizonate dianion is then diprotonated, forming rhodizonic acid, and the half-life of the solution increases from about one hour to about ten hours. By ensuring that the area to be examined is pretreated with tartrate buffer so that its pH is adjusted to 2.8 prior to treatment with rhodizonic acid, the formation of a nondiagnostic purple complex, instead of the desired scarlet complex, is avoided. Whereas the scarlet complex changes to a blue-violet complex, upon secondary treatment with 5% HCl, which is diagnostic of the presence of lead, the purple complex decolorises completely under these conditions and thus its formation represents wastage of lead from within the test area and is associated with the fading problem that has previously plagued the test. The fading of the blue-violet complex can be eliminated by removing excess HCl, by means of a hair drier once the color has fully developed.
Effect of repeated sampling and prestimulation on saliva buffer capacity and flow rate values in children (1991)

Great variations reported in the frequency distribution of buffer capacity values may partly be due to methodological differences in saliva sampling. In this study we wanted to see to what extent these variations are due to repetition and prestimulation. 9-yr-old schoolchildren (n: 41, 23 girls and 18 boys), who had never had saliva samples taken before, participated in the present study. The repetition tests were carried out between 9 and 11 a.m. on three subsequent days. The effect of prestimulation was tested 4 days later with the same subjects. The buffer capacity of the samples was determined electrometrically immediately after sampling using the commercial Dentobuff-test. The intraindividual analysis revealed a significant increase in flow rate but not in buffer capacity along with repetition of the sampling. The analysis further showed that the buffer capacity of children accustomed to saliva sampling increased significantly through prestimulation of 1 min. The use of prestimulation resulted in substantial changes also in the frequency distribution of the buffer capacity values. Our results emphasize the importance of proper sampling conditions in saliva collection when screening children for high caries risk.
Effects of quadratic drag on convection in a saturated porous medium (1985)

The effects of inertia (involving a drag which is quadratic in the velocity) on convection in a fluid-saturated porous medium are considered. It is shown that the effect of quadratic drag is physically significant for natural convection, at realistic values of the Rayleigh number, in a thin layer of a medium whose overall Prandtl number is small. The qualitative effect of quadratic drag on the global stability of the conduction regime, and on bifurcation into the convection regime, is reported. Convection in an inclined slab of material is also discussed.
Low-dose decitabine and high-risk MDS (2006)

Kantarjian et al 1 present their randomized study of 3 schedules of low-dose decitabine in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome/chronic monomyelocytic leukemia (MDS/CMML) reporting a high complete remission (CR) rate. This comprehensive clinical trial along with its biologic correlates represents a significant addition to the therapeutic choices available for patients with MDS. For the clinician to make an informed decision about the use of decitabine versus azcitidine, it would be helpful if the authors address the following issues that were left rather ambiguous.
Analysis of Odors in Human Armpit by GC-MS with Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (2003)

The odor constituents from human armpit were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid phase microextraction(SPME).Forty_three samples were analyzed with70μm CW-DVB SPME fiber assembly.In general,98～105chromatographic peaks were obtained,and thirty_six compounds were identified,including aliphatic acids,esters,ketones,alcohols and amines.There was the similarity for chroˉmatograms of human armpit odor samples taken from an individuals.According to the experimental results,headspace GC-MS with SPME has wide prospects in the human body odor study.
Re-thinking the role of the beamstop at a synchrotron-based protein crystallography beamline (2004)

A 1 mm vertical-profile X-ray beamstop has been designed to operate in the energy range 6–20 keV. The relationship between the beamstop-to-sample distance and air scatter is discussed with the intent of establishing criteria for optimal beamstop positioning during an experiment. Different choices for beamstop materials are described with respect to stopping power, fluorescence and scattering from the surface. Suggestions for improvements in beamstop design are presented which are applicable for future automation and equipment safety. All work was performed on the Structural Biology Center insertion-device beamline, 19ID, at the Advanced Photon Source.
Smart Transmitters and Receivers for Underwater Free-Space Optical Communication (2012)

The number of unmanned vehicles and devices deployed underwater is increasing. New communication systems and networking protocols are required to handle this growth. Underwater free-space optical communication is poised to augment acoustic communication underwater, especially for short-range, mobile, multi-user environments in future underwater systems. Existing systems are typically point-to-point links with strict pointing and tracking requirements. In this paper we demonstrate compact smart transmitters and receivers for underwater free-space optical communications. The receivers have segmented wide field of view and are capable of estimating angle of arrival of signals. The transmitters are highly directional with individually addressable LEDs for electronic switched beamsteering, and are capable of estimating water quality from its backscattered light collected by its co-located receiver. Together they form enabling technologies for non-traditional networking schemes in swarms of unmanned vehicles underwater.
Elucidation of Two Giants: Challenges to Thick-Shell Synthesis in CdSe/ZnSe and ZnSe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots (2015)

Core/thick-shell giant quantum dots (gQDs) possessing type II electronic structures exhibit suppressed blinking and diminished nonradiative Auger recombination. We investigate CdSe/ZnSe and ZnSe/CdS as potential new gQDs. We show theoretically and experimentally that both can exhibit partial or complete spatial separation of an excited-state electron-hole pair (i.e., type II behavior). However, we reveal that thick-shell growth is challenged by competing processes: alloying and cation exchange. We demonstrate that these can be largely avoided by choice of shelling conditions (e.g., time, temperature, and QD core identity). The resulting CdSe/ZnSe gQDs exhibit unusual single-QD properties, principally emitting from dim gray states but having high two-exciton (biexciton) emission efficiencies, whereas ZnSe/CdS gQDs show characteristic gQD blinking suppression, though only if shelling is accompanied by partial cation exchange.
Characterization of a High-Molecular-Weight Notch Complex in the Nucleus of Notchic-Transformed RKE Cells and in a Human T-Cell Leukemia Cell Line (2002)

Notch genes encode a family of transmembrane proteins that are involved in many cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. It is well established that all four Notch genes can act as oncogenes; however, the mechanism by which Notch proteins transform cells remains unknown. Previously, we reported that both nuclear localization and transcriptional activation are required for neoplastic transformation of RKE cells. Furthermore, we identified cyclin D1 as a direct transcriptional target of constitutively active Notch molecules. In an effort to understand the mechanism by which Notch functions in the nucleus, we sought to determine if Notch formed stable complexes using size exclusion chromatography. Herein, we report that the Notch intracellular domain (N(ic)) forms distinct high-molecular-weight complexes in the nuclei of transformed RKE cells. The largest complex is approximately 1.5 MDa and contains both endogenous CSL (for CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1) and Mastermind-Like-1 (Maml). N(ic) molecules that do not have the high-affinity binding site for CSL (RAM) retain the ability to associate with CSL in a stable complex through interactions involving Maml. However, Maml does not directly bind to CSL. Furthermore, Maml can rescue Delta RAM transcriptional activity on a CSL-dependent promoter. These results indicate that deletion of the RAM domain does not equate to CSL-independent signaling. Moreover, in SUP-T1 cells, N(ic) exists exclusively in the largest N(ic)-containing complex. SUP-T1 cells are derived from a T-cell leukemia that harbors the t(7;9)(q34;q34.3) translocation and constitutively express N(ic). Taken together, our data indicate that complex formation is likely required for neoplastic transformation by Notch(ic).
Increased damping in irregular resonators (2005)

The relation between shape and damping of shallow acoustical cavities has been studied numerically in the case where the dissipation occurs only on the cavity walls. It is first found that whatever the type of geometrical irregularity, many, but not all the modes are localized. It is shown that the localization mechanism is what is called weak localization. The more irregular, the smaller the quality factors are found. However this effect is very different for the non-localized and the localized modes. For non-localized modes the damping increases roughly proportionally to the cavity surface. The localized modes are even more damped. These results generalize the results already obtained both numerically and experimentally on prefractal acoustical cavities. [B. Sapoval, O. Haeberle, and S. Russ, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 2014–2019 (1997); B. Hebert, B. Sapoval, and S. Russ, ibid. 105, 1567–1576 (1999)].
FLT3 as a therapeutic target in AML: still challenging after all these years (2010)

Mutations within the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene on chromosome 13q12 have been detected in up to 35% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represent one of the most frequently identified genetic alterations in AML. Over the last years, FLT3 has emerged as a promising molecular target in therapy of AML. Here, we review results of clinical trials and of correlative laboratory studies using small molecule FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in AML patients. We also review mechanisms of primary and secondary drug resistance to FLT3-TKI, and from the data currently available we summarize lessons learned from FLT3-TKI monotherapy. Finally, for using FLT3 as a molecular target, we discuss novel strategies to overcome treatment failure and to improve FLT3 inhibitor therapy.
D:B-friedo-olean-5-en-3α-ol isolated from Cladogelonium madagascariense Leandri (Euphorbiaceae) extracts and its anti inflammatory activity in mice (2015)

This study was conducted to isolate the active components from Cladogelonium madagascariense Leandri and to investigate the anti inflammatory activity of the isolated compound. Ethanolic, hexanic, ethyl acetate, and butanolic extracts from Cladogelonium madagascariense Leandri were investigated for their in vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity (at doses of 250 mg/kg), using carrageenan injection in mice hind paw. The active component was isolated from the most active extract using different chromatographic technics and its structure was established by spectroscopic evidence (UV, 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS). The anti inflammatory activity of the isolated compound (at doses 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) was studied in acute inflammation induced by carrageenan injection in mice hind paw, subchronic inflammation produced by subcutaneous implantation of cotton pellet and chronic inflammation from intra articular injection of complete Freundâ€™s adjuvant to induced arthritis. The results showed that the hexanic extract exhibited potent inhibitory activity against both bioassay model (70%). D:B-friedo-olean-5-en-3I±-ol was isolated from this extract. D:B-friedo-olean-5-en-3I±-ol inhibited the paw edema (77.40% at 50 mg/kg) induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan. D:B-friedo-olean-5-en-3I±-ol is active on subchronic inflammation (37.17% at 50 mg/kg) and on chronic inflammation (67.51% at 50 mg/kg). Cladogelonium madagascariense Leandri and its isolated compound D:B-friedo-olean-5-en-3I±-ol possessed anti inflammatory activity.
Restoration of thermal images distorted by the atmosphere, based upon measured and theoretical atmospheric modulation transfer function (1993)

Restoration of thermal images distorted by the atmosphere is presented. The method is based upon atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis, both theoretical and experimental. Thermal infrared (IR) atmospheric MTF measurements carried out simultaneously in both atmospheric IR windows (3 - 5 and 8 - 12 micrometers wavelengths) are presented too. The MTFs were evaluated via point spread function (PSF) measurements, under various meteorological conditions and different signal to noise ratios (SNRs). Results are analyzed and shown to be in very good agreement with theoretical predictions.
A Comprehensive NGS Data Analysis of Differentially Regulated miRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs and sn/snoRNAs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2017)

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and is a major public health concern worldwide. Basic, clinical and epidemiological research is leading to improved cancer detection, prevention, and outcomes. Recent technological advances have allowed unbiased and comprehensive screening of genome-wide gene expression. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in biological processes and could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for specific diseases. Recent findings have begun to reveal and enhance our understanding of the complex architecture of sncRNA expression including miRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs, sn/snoRNAs and their relationships with biological systems. We used publicly available small RNA sequencing data that was derived from 24 triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) and 14 adjacent normal tissue samples to remap various types of sncRNAs. We found a total of 55 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed (p<0.005) in TNBC samples (8 miRNAs upregulated; 47 downregulated) compared to adjacent normal tissues whereas the original study reported only 25 novel miRs. In this study, we used pathway analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs which revealed TGF-beta signaling pathways to be profoundly affected in the TNBC samples. Furthermore, our comprehensive re-mapping strategy allowed us to discover a number of other differentially expressed sncRNAs including piRNAs, lncRNAs, sn/snoRNAs, rRNAs, miscRNAs and nonsense-mediated decay RNAs. We believe that our sncRNA analysis workflow is extremely comprehensive and suitable for discovery of novel sncRNAs changes, which may lead to the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools for TNBC.
Markovovský přístup k odhadu očekávaných ztrát (2017)

Nový standard IFRS 9 zavadi model znehodnoceni uvěrových aktiv,
založený na ocekavaných ztratach. Jedna se o nahrazeni modelu
vzniklých ztrat, jež byl implementovan v IAS 39 – tento model
vychazel z předpokladu, že vsechna financni aktiva budou
splacena, a to až do okamžiku, kdy je zjistěn opak a vznikne
ztrata. Cilem tohoto textu je představit možný přistup pro
výpocet ocekavane ztraty za celou dobu životnosti uvěroveho
instrumentu, jež je požadovana novým standardem IFRS 9. Za
timto ucelem je aplikovana metodika založena na Markovovem
přistupu, v ramci niž byly jedno-rocni pravděpodobnosti
defaultu urceny použitim přechodových matic.