gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption by interferon-alpha of an autocrine interleukin-6 growth loop in IL-6-dependent U266 myeloma cells by homologous and heterologous down-regulation of the IL-6 receptor alpha- and beta-chains. (1994)

IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for U266 myeloma cells and their growth is inhibited by IFN-alpha or IL-6 mAb. We asked, therefore, whether IFN-alpha-induced growth inhibition involved IL-6. IFN-alpha and mAb against IL-6, the IL-6R alpha-(gp80) or beta-chain (gp130) potently inhibited U266 cells. Remarkably, this effect occurred despite IFN-alpha-augmented secretion of endogenous IL-6. However, examining the IL-6R revealed that IFN-alpha drastically curtailed expression of the IL-6R alpha- and beta-chain. This effect occurred on two different levels (protein and mRNA) and by two different mechanisms (directly and indirectly through IL-6). First, IFN-alpha, but not IL-6, greatly decreased gp80 and, to a lesser extent, gp130 mRNA levels which resulted in a loss of IL-6 binding sites. Second, IFN-alpha-induced IL-6 predominantly down-regulated membrane-bound gp130. IFN-alpha-mediated decrease of gp80 levels was not detected on IL-6-independent myeloma (RPMI 8226) or myeloid cells (U937). We conclude that IFN-alpha inhibited IL-6-dependent myeloma cell growth by depriving U266 cells of an essential component of their autocrine growth loop, a functional IL-6R.
ATF4 Gene Network Mediates Cellular Response to the Anticancer PAD Inhibitor YW3-56 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

We previously reported that a pan-PAD inhibitor, YW3-56, activates p53 target genes to inhibit cancer growth. However, the p53-independent anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms of YW3-56 remain largely elusive. Here, gene expression analyses found that ATF4 target genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response were activated by YW3-56. Depletion of ATF4 greatly attenuated YW3-56-mediated activation of the mTORC1 regulatory genes SESN2 and DDIT4. Using the ChIP-exo method, high-resolution genomic binding sites of ATF4 and CEBPB responsive to YW3-56 treatment were generated. In human breast cancer cells, YW3-56-mediated cell death features mitochondria depletion and autophagy perturbation. Moreover, YW3-56 treatment effectively inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer xenograft tumors in nude mice. Taken together, we unveiled the anticancer mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of the pan-PAD inhibitor YW3-56.
Acute on Chronic Distal Radius Fracture: A Case Series and Technique Description (2022)

Therapeutic IV.
Nonintrusive Flow Rate Determination Through Space Shuttle Water Coolant Loop Floodlight Coldplate (1997)

Using a Nonintrusive Flow Measurement System (NFMS), the flow rates through the Space Shuttle water coolant coldplate were determined. The objective of this in situ flow measurement was to prove or disprove a potential block inside the affected coldplate had contributed to a reduced flow rate and the subsequent ice formation on the Space Shuttle Discovery. Flow through the coldplate was originally calculated to be 35 to 38 pounds per hour. This application of ultrasonic technology advanced the envelope of flow measurements through use of 1/4-inch-diameter tubing, which resulted in extremely low flow velocities (5 to 30 pounds per hour). In situ measurements on the orbiters Discovery and Atlantis indicated both vehicles, on the average, experienced similar flow rates through the coldplate (around 25 pounds per hour), but lower rates than the designed flow. Based on the noninvasive checks, further invasive troubleshooting was eliminated. Permanent monitoring using the NFMS was recommended.
Solar-generated building material from seawater as a sink for carbon (1992)

The manufacture of the greater part of most conventional building materials used today is based on use of fossil fuels, thereby contributing sizeable amounts of carbon from combustion and chemical reactions in the raw materials to the atmosphere. Alternative building materials and systems have to be developed in order to balance atmospheric carbon dioxide. Using electricity from renewable sources, limestone storing carbon can be precipitated from seawater with simultaneous production of hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine gas. Existing resources for the operation of the mineral accretion process are surveyed and similarities in biogenic calcium carbonate deposition discussed. Electrolytically precipitated limestone and material consisting of artificial limestone and hard coal skeletons are proposed as a sink for carbon and for use as building materials. To assess the potential role of these materials in the carbon cycle, experimental measurements are needed. 26 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Novel fractal solution for integrated TMC antenna (2009)

This paper describes the technology with which it is possible to integrate a TMC [Traffic Message Channel] antenna into the navigation device. Existing solutions are based on long wire antennas that are externally attached and cause many handling problems considering antenna positioning. Fractal technology developed/applied by FICOSA enables the integration of TMC antenna directly into the portable device without increasing its volume.
Integration of audio and visual information for content-based video segmentation (2002)

A video sequence usually consists of separate scenes, and each scene includes many shots. For video understanding purposes, it is most important to detect scene breaks. To analyze the content of each scene, detection of shot breaks is also required. Usually, a scene break is associated with a simultaneous change of image, motion, and audio characteristics, while a shot break is only accompanied with changes in image or motion or both. We propose to use audio information along with image and motion information to accomplish segmentation at different levels. Promising results have been obtained with videos digitized from TV programs.
Theoretical models for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and local ζ-potential of unfolded proteins in nanopores (2013)

Single solid-state nanopores find increasing use for electrical detection and/or manipulation of macromolecules. These applications exploit the changes in signals due to the geometry and electrical properties of the molecular species found within the nanopore. The sensitivity and resolution of such measurements are also influenced by the geometric and electrical properties of the nanopore. This paper continues the development of an analytical theory to predict the electrochemical impedance spectra of nanopores by including the influence of the presence of an unfolded protein using the variable topology finite Warburg impedance model previously published by the authors. The local excluded volume of, and charges present on, the segment of protein sampled by the nanopore are shown to influence the shape and peak frequency of the electrochemical impedance spectrum. An analytical theory is used to relate the capacitive response of the electrical double layer at the surface of the protein to both the charge density at the protein surface and the more commonly measured zeta potential. Illustrative examples show how the theory predicts that the varying sequential regions of surface charge density and excluded volume dictated by the protein primary structure may allow for an impedance-based approach to identifying unfolded proteins.
Performance of product codes on channels with memory (2005)

In this paper, we present an analytical method to compute the performance of product codes on channels with memory. A channel with memory introduces correlated error bursts, and hence, it is described as hidden Markov models. A hard-decision distance-bounded decoder for product code is assumed. Such an analysis is relevant for evaluating the performance of product-code-based error-correcting scheme employed in conventional tape drive systems. Using this analytical method, we present codeword-error rate plots for various Reed-Solomon codes based product codes
Charged wall formation and propagation analysis in ion-implanted contiguous disk bubble devices (1982)

Magnetic anisotropy energy along a pattern edge is found to be important for charged wall formation at the pattern edge in ion-implanted contiguous disk bubble propagation track. Charged wall formation and propagation are found to be little affected by the demagnetizing effect at the pattern edge. Charged wall formation and propagation mechanisms are well explained on the basis of the Stoner-Wohlfarth magnetization reversal model, taking into consideration magnetic anisotropy energy along the pattern edge.
Experimental Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Infection in California Black-tailed Deer (1992)

Four adult black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemioneus columbianus) and five fawns were inoculated with bluetongue virus (BTV) and one adult deer was inoculated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus to produce clinical signs and lesions of hemorrhagic disease. Serologic response was monitored using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). Embryonating chicken eggs and vero cells were used to detect viremia. No animal exhibited clinical or pathologic signs of hemorrhagic disease. Bluetongue viremia was detected as early as 2 days post-inoculation (DPI-2) and in some animals, persisted until at least DPI-12. The earliest detection of BTV antibodies using the AGID was DPI-8. Two adult deer remained seropositive for BTV antibodies for > 9 mo and 1 yr, respectively, using both the AGID and C-ELISA tests. We observed cross reactions between BT and EHD antibodies using the AGID tests. Also, the AGID test did not consistently detect exposure to BTV. Viremia was not detected in the deer inoculated with EHD although this animal was AGID positive between DPI-6 and DPI-49.
Hot and Cold: Spatial Fluctuation in HIV-1 Recombination Rates (2007)

Coinfection of a single cell with two or more HIV strains may produce recombinant viruses upon template switching by the replication machinery. We applied a hierarchical multiple change point model to simultaneously infer inter-subtype recombination breakpoints and spatial variation in the recombination rate along the HIV-1 genome. We examined thousands of publicly available HIV-1 sequences representing the worldwide epidemic and focused on 544 unique recombinants with 1,701 recombination breakpoints. Estimates of per site recombination rate revealed the presence of a novel hotspot in the pol gene, surrounded by a cluster of mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We also confirm the presence of a known hotspot in the env gene and a previously hypothesized hotspot in the gag gene.
The prophylactic effects of long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for febrile neutropenia in newly diagnosed patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a randomised controlled study (2019)

NCT03740464.
Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure in Extruded Mg<SUB>96</SUB>Zn<SUB>2</SUB>Y<SUB>2</SUB> Alloys by Annealing (2009)

Mg96Zn2Y2 alloy with a long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase was produced by extrusion, and the effects of annealing on its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Annealing at temperatures up to 623 K improved the elongation of the alloy from 5.4 to 9.6% but caused no changes in yield stress and tensile strength, respectively, because the LPSO phase prevented grain growth, the α-Mg phase maintained a fine grain size, kink deformation remained in the LPSO phase, and the Mg3Zn3Y2 phases finely dispersed. When the alloy was annealed at 773 K, the α-Mg and Mg3Zn3Y2 phases became coarse, which reduced the yield stress and tensile strength, respectively, while the elongation improved to 23%.
A case of toxic shock‐like syndrome presenting with serious hypoproteinaemia because of a protein‐losing gastroenteropathy (2001)

Abstract. Tasaki K, Sasaki M, Bamba M, Shintani Y, Andoh A, Tsujikawa T, Koyama S, Fujiyama Y, Bamba T (Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan). A case of toxic shock‐like syndrome presenting with serious hypoproteinaemia because of a protein‐losing gastroenteropathy (Case report). J Intern Med 2001; 250: 174–179. A 37‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital because of toxic shock‐like syndrome (TSLS) induced by Streptococcus pyogenes . After the pathogenic bacteria had been eradicated, serious diarrhoea appeared and a protein‐losing gastroenteropathy developed. An immunohistochemical study of the biopsy specimens of both small and large intestines revealed the infiltration of T‐lymphocytes, predominantly CD8+ cells, into the lamina propria of affected mucosa, villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. Considering these histological findings, some immunological mechanism which lead the activation of cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this rare intestinal manifestation of TSLS.
Accumulation of penicillin in vaginal fluid. (1990)

The excretion of phenoxymethylpenicillin in vaginal fluid was determined in five women after intake of a single dose of 1 g phenoxymethylpenicillin and in five women on a 10-day medication scheme with 1 g twice daily. After the single dose, there was a steady increase of penicillin in vaginal secretion during the following 3 hours. During the same period, the concentrations in serum and saliva peaked and started to decline. Fifteen hours after intake, vaginal fluid contained more than 1 mg/L, whereas no activity was found in serum or saliva. During the 10-day course of treatment, vaginal concentrations ranged between 2-3 mg/L. The drug was not eliminated from the vagina until the second day after ceasing medication. The accumulation and slow pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin in the vagina may be explained by the countercurrent vascular system supplying the internal genitalia and upper vagina. The effect of the high concentrations of penicillin on the vaginal microflora is discussed.
Clozapine in drug induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, placebo controlled study with open follow up (2004)

Clozapine at a mean dose lower than 50 mg/day improves drug induced psychosis in PD without significant worsening of motor function, and the effect wears off once the treatment stops.
Assessment of efficiency and safety of adenovirus mediated gene transfer into normal and damaged murine livers (2000)

Our results suggest that gene therapy with adenoviruses may be used efficiently and safely, even in patients with severe liver disease.
Photoreceptors: Artificial Rod and Cone Photoreceptors with Human‐Like Spectral Sensitivities (Adv. Mater. 27/2018) (2018)

In article number 1706764, Hyun Seok Song, Tai Hyun Park, Jae Hun Kim, and co-workers report an artificial nano-biomaterial based on human-like photoreceptor proteins and graphene hybrid structures that allows outstanding spectral sensitivities. In experiments with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), these artificial photoreceptors provide color distinguishability similar to that of human photoreceptor cells. This approach can be applied to study physiological, biophysical, and biochemical processes of photoreceptors.
Retinal image enhancement based on the human visual system (2006)

Improving the quality of gray level images continues to be a challenging task, and the challenge increases for color images due to the interaction of multiple parameters within a scene. Each color plane or wavelength constitutes an image by itself, and its quality depends on many parameters such as absorption, reflectance or scattering of the object with the lighting source. Non-uniformity of the lighting, optics, electronics of the camera, and even the environment of the object are sources of degradation in the image. Therefore, segmentation and interpretation of the image may become very difficult if its quality is not enhanced. The main goal of the present work is to demonstrate image processing algorithm that is inspired from some concepts of the Human Visual System (HVS). HVS concepts have been widely used in gray level image enhancement and here we show how they can be successfully extended to color images. The resulting Multi-Scale Spatial Decomposition (MSSD) is employed to enhance the quality of color images. Of particular interest for medical imaging is the enhancement of retinal images whose quality is extremely sensitive to imaging artifacts. We show that our MSSD algorithm improves the readability and gradeability of retinal images and quantify such improvements using both subjective and objective metrics of image quality.
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease in the human retina: insights of 7 years research (2023)

Current publications show promising results in the in-vivo detection of amyloid deposits in the retina of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients as well in post-mortem flat mounted retinal tissue. The results are promising for the detection of early alterations associated with AD. The aim of our study was to confirm recently published findings using almost identical methodology, blue (ex: λ = 486 nm) fluorescence retinal imaging, curcumin as labelling fluorophore, and a similar data analyzing process.
Synthesis of Bipolar Associative Memories Based on Cellular Neural Networks with Two-dimensional Space-invariant Templates (2006)

In this paper, a design procedure is presented for synthizing associative memories based on cellular neural networks with two-dimensional space-invariant templates. The theoretical analysis herein guarantees that the desired memory patterns are stored as asymptotically stable equilibrium points. In addition, it is shown that procedure herein can ensure the designed input matrix to be obtained by using space-invariant cloning templates. Hence, it is very convenient for one to design cellular neural networks for associative desired memory patterns effectively.
Evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (2002)

The paper presents the evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) over the entire range of direct and quadrature axis excitation. The conventional two-axis machine model is modified in order to include the influence of saturation and cross-coupling effects on the variation of self and cross-coupling inductances in the direct and the quadrature axis. The two-axis machine model parameters are evaluated by experiments performed on a IPMSM using a controlled voltage source inverter and are compared with parameters values evaluated by the finite element method. The evaluation of two-axis machine model parameters reveals significant saturation and cross-magnetization effects in both axes, especially in the flux-weakening regime.
SAFETY, ECONOMY, RELIABILITY, AND REGULATORY POLICY FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT (2007)

Anyone with an interest in flying should spend a few moments at a web site called (I am not making this up) WillFlyForFood.cc. It includes, among much other useful information, detailed schedules of the threadbare pittances that aspiring pilots can expect to earn should they be so lucky as actually to sign on with the
Persistent correction of hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice by a non-conventional radical scavenger (2010)

We previously reported that in a diabetes mouse model, characterised by moderate hyperglycaemia and reduced beta-cell mass, the radical scavenger bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)decandioate di-hydrochloride (IAC), a non-conventional cyclic hydroxylamine derivative, improves metabolic alterations by counteracting beta-cell dysfunction associated with oxidative stress. The aims of this study were to ascertain whether the beneficial effects of IAC treatment could be maintained after its discontinuation and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced in C57Bl/6J mice by streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA) administration. Diabetic mice were treated for 7 weeks with various doses of IAC (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg b.w./die i.p.) and monitored for additional 8 weeks after suspension of IAC. Then, pancreatic tissue was used for determination of beta-cell mass by immunohistochemistry and beta-cell ultrastructural analysis. STZ-NA mice showed moderate hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance and reduced beta-cell mass (25% of controls). IAC-treated STZ-NA mice (at both doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg b.w.) showed long-term reduction of hyperglycaemia even after discontinuation of treatment, attenuation of glucose intolerance and partial preservation of beta-cell mass. The lowest IAC dose was much less effective. Plasma nitrotyrosine levels (an oxidative stress index) significantly increased in untreated diabetic mice and were lowered upon IAC treatment. At ultrastructural level, beta cells of IAC-treated diabetic mice were protected against degranulation and mitochondrial alterations. In the STZ-NA diabetic mouse model, the radical scavenger IAC induces a prolonged reduction of hyperglycaemia associated with partial restoration of beta-cell mass and function, likely dependent on blockade of oxidative stress-induced damaging mechanisms.
Effect of water of crystallization on the dissolution efficiency of molten zinc chloride hydrate salts during the pre‐treatment of corncob biomass (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND Agro‐wastes albeit abundant and cheap, require pre‐treatment steps tailored to overcome the characteristic recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, zinc chloride hydrate salts were studied for their biomass deconstruction potential. The role of salts' hydration and to what degree it affects the dissolution efficiency was evaluated. Milled corn cobs from local farmlands were dissolved in the following solvent systems; ZnCl 2 . 3H 2 O , ZnCl 2 . 4H 2 O , ZnCl 2 . 5H 2 O and ZnCl 2 . 7H 2 O at 70 °C for 60 mins at a biomass to solvent ratio of 1:12. RESULTS The difference between the least and most hydrated solvent systems in terms of total released sugars as a percentage of recoverable sugar is 70.1%. The ZnCl 2 . 4H 2 O solvent system extracted up to 49.1% of glucose and 95% of xylose. There were significant differences in the crystallinity indices and surface morphologies between the untreated and treated biomass. CONCLUSION The findings as documented contribute to current insights on the mechanisms of disintegration of lignocellulosic biomass in molten hydrate salts. The extraction of sugar components of biomass by ZnCl 2 . 4H 2 O solvation was about 43% glucan and 99% xylan. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Cr Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrxFeNi High‐Entropy Alloy (2018)

In this study, we investigated the effects of Cr content on the crystal structure, microstructure, and mechanical properties of four AlCoCr x FeNi ( x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0, in molar ratio) high‐entropy alloys. AlCoCr 0.3 FeNi alloy contains duplex phases, which are ordered BCC phase and FCC phase. As the Cr content increases to x = 1.0, the FCC phase disappears and the microstructure exhibits a spinodal structure formed by a BCC phase and an ordered BCC phase. This result indicates that Cr is a BCC former in AlCoCr x FeNi alloys. With increasing Cr content, the alloy hardness increases from HV415 to HV498. AlCoCr 0.3 FeNi, AlCoCr 0.5 FeNi, and AlCoCr 0.7 FeNi exhibit a high compressive fracture strain of about 0.24 because of the formation of the FCC phase in the BCC matrix. Moreover, the highest yield stress of 1394 MPa and compressive strength of 1841 MPa presented by AlCoCrFeNi alloy are due to the existence of a nano‐net‐like spinodal structure.