gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distant Domain Transfer Learning for Medical Imaging (2021)

Medical image processing is one of the most important topics in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Recently, deep learning methods have carried out state-of-the-art performances on medical imaging tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel transfer learning framework for medical image classification. Moreover, we apply our method COVID-19 diagnosis with lung Computed Tomography (CT) images. However, well-labeled training data sets cannot be easily accessed due to the disease's novelty and privacy policies. The proposed method has two components: reduced-size Unet Segmentation model and Distant Feature Fusion (DFF) classification model. This study is related to a not well-investigated but important transfer learning problem, termed Distant Domain Transfer Learning (DDTL). In this study, we develop a DDTL model for COVID-19 diagnosis using unlabeled Office-31, Caltech-256, and chest X-ray image data sets as the source data, and a small set of labeled COVID-19 lung CT as the target data. The main contributions of this study are: 1) the proposed method benefits from unlabeled data in distant domains which can be easily accessed, 2) it can effectively handle the distribution shift between the training data and the testing data, 3) it has achieved 96% classification accuracy, which is 13% higher classification accuracy than "non-transfer" algorithms, and 8% higher than existing transfer and distant transfer algorithms.
Kite (2018)

Task-oriented chatbots allow users to carry out tasks (e.g., ordering a pizza) using natural language conversation. The widely-used slot-filling approach for building bots of this type requires significant hand-coding, which hinders scalability. Recently, neural network models have been shown to be capable of generating natural "chitchat" conversations, but it is unclear whether they will ever work for task modeling. Kite is a practical system for bootstrapping task-oriented bots, leveraging both approaches above. Kite's key insight is that while bots encapsulate the logic of user tasks into conversational forms, existing apps encapsulate the logic of user tasks into graphical user interfaces. A developer demonstrates a task using a relevant app, and from the collected interaction traces Kite automatically derives a task model, a graph of actions and associated inputs representing possible task execution paths. A task model represents the logical backbone of a bot, on which Kite layers a question-answer interface generated using a hybrid rule-based and neural network approach. Using Kite, developers can automatically generate bot templates for many different tasks. In our evaluation, it extracted accurate task models from 25 popular Android apps spanning 15 tasks. Appropriate questions and high-quality answers were also generated. Our developer study suggests that developers, even without any bot developing experience, can successfully generate bot templates using Kite.
The American essays (1956)

No one, among American writers, was more contemporary or had a more powerful grasp of American history and American myth, writes Leon Edel of Henry James. This collection of James's essays on American letters, together with some of his miscellaneous writings on other American subjects, is a pivotal document in the reassessment of James as less cloistered--and more American--than previously supposed. James is relaxed and informal as he writes of Emerson, Hawthorne, Lowell, Godkin, Norton, and Howells: he is fondly recalling--but also criticizing--the cultural orthodoxy in which he was reared. The American Essays remarkably prefigures current efforts to revise and challenge the aesthetic idealism of the Emersonian tradition.
IL-17A expression by mast cells in smokers (2011)

Background: Mast cells are increasingly recognized as important contributors to smoking-induced inflammation. IL-17A is a cytokine produced by inflammatory cells which promotes neutrophilic inflammation. We evaluated whether IL-17A is expressed by mast cells in the airways of smokers. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in large (LA) and small (SA) airways from 12 (ex-) smokers undergoing lung cancer resection. In airways free of tumour a double staining protocol was used for the simultaneous visualization of mucosal (MC T , positive for the protease tryptase) and connective tissue (MC TC , positive for the proteases chymase and tryptase) mast cells as well as for IL-17A and MC T resp. MC TC . Image analysis was performed using spectral microscopy. Values are expressed as cells/BM length for inner and outer layers. Results: See Table 1. Conclusion: A marked proportion of mast cells in LA and SA of smokers express IL-17A. High expression of IL-17A was observed in both MC T and MC TC , and mast cells situated in the outer layer. These findings suggest that mast cells contribute to inflammation in LA and SA via IL-17A expression.
Raman Characterization of the BEDT-TTF(ClO4)2 Salt (1996)

Abstract The major Raman scattering peaks of BEDT-TTF(ClO4)2 have been assigned by comparison to the isotopically labeled 13C(4)-BEDT-TTF(ClO4)2 and 13C(6)-BEDT-TTF(ClO4)2 salts. The υ2, υ3, and υ6 A g modes are associated with the C=C vibrations and the Raman shifts are found to decrease with increasing oxidation state of the ET molecules. The υ9 and υ10 A g modes are associated with the sulfur (C-S) related vibrations and the Raman shifts are observed to increase with increasing oxidation state of the ET molecules.
Mycobacterial Caseinolytic Protease Gene Regulator ClgR Is a Substrate of Caseinolytic Protease (2017)

The mycobacterial caseinolytic protease ClpP1P2 is a degradative protease that recently gained interest as a genetically and pharmacologically validated drug target for tuberculosis. The first whole-cell active ClpP1P2 inhibitor, the human proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, is currently undergoing lead optimization to introduce selectivity for the bacterial target. How inhibition of ClpP1P2 translates into whole-cell antimicrobial activity is little understood. Previous work has shown that the caseinolytic protease gene regulator ClgR is an activator of the <i>clpP1P2</i> genes and also suggested that this transcription factor may be a substrate of the protease. Here, we employ promoter activity reporters and direct mRNA level measurements showing that bortezomib treatment of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG increased transcription of <i>clpP1P2</i> and other ClgR-dependent promoters, suggesting that inhibition of ClpP1P2 increases cellular ClgR levels. Then, we carried out red fluorescent protein-ClgR fusion analyses to show that ClgR is indeed a substrate of ClpP1P2 and to identify ClgR's C-terminal nonapeptide APVVSLAVA as the signal sufficient for recognition and efficient protein degradation by ClpP1P2. Interestingly, accumulation of ClgR appears to be toxic for bacilli, suggesting a mechanism for how pharmacological inhibition of ClpP1P2 protease activity by bortezomib translates into whole-cell antibacterial activity. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> With 9 million new cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, tuberculosis, caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, is the biggest infectious disease killer globally. New drugs for the treatment of the drug-resistant forms of the disease are needed. Recently, a new target-lead couple, the mycobacterial protease ClpP1P2 and the human anticancer drug bortezomib, was identified. However, we know little about how expression of this protease is regulated, which proteins in the bacterium it degrades, how the protease recognizes its target proteins, and how the inhibition of ClpP1P2 exerts whole-cell antimicrobial activity. Here, we show that the ClpP1P2 protease regulates its own expression, and we identified a new substrate and a new substrate recognition sequence and a mechanism for how ClpP1P2 inhibition causes bacterial growth inhibition.
A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination (2014)

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, both immune-mediated type 1 and obesity-linked type 2, studies aimed at delineating diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms are of critical importance. The β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are responsible for appropriately secreting insulin in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations. In addition to glucose and other nutrients, the β-cells are also stimulated by specific hormones, termed incretins, which are secreted from the gut in response to a meal and act on β-cell receptors that increase the production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Decreased β-cell function, mass, and incretin responsiveness are well-understood to contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and are also being increasingly linked with type 1 diabetes. The present mouse islet isolation and cAMP determination protocol can be a tool to help delineate mechanisms promoting disease progression and therapeutic interventions, particularly those that are mediated by the incretin receptors or related receptors that act through modulation of intracellular cAMP production. While only cAMP measurements will be described, the described islet isolation protocol creates a clean preparation that also allows for many other downstream applications, including glucose stimulated insulin secretion, [3(H)]-thymidine incorporation, protein abundance, and mRNA expression.
Supplementary Fig 11 from WNT/β-catenin Pathway Activation Correlates with Immune Exclusion across Human Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sup Fig 11&lt;/p&gt;
COPD severity analysis according to current evaluation criteria – National survey (2015)

<b>Background:</b> The revision of GOLD in 2011 and its updates suggested a more complex approach for the COPD severity evaluation and management. <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate COPD severity and management in Bulgaria using data from pulmonary specialists (PS) from all over the country. <b>Methods and Material:</b> We applied a specially designed questionnaire to evaluate almost 1000 COPD patients from around 40 medical centers. Consecutive patients were included if they had a diagnosis of COPD of at least 12 months and 2 documented examinations by a PS in the previous year. <b>Results:</b> About 922 patients were includedwithmean age of 65±9. Males were 603 (65.4%). Smokers were 72.7% and their number increased with the group – from A to D (p&lt;0.05). The mean duration of COPD was 9.1±7 years and was higher in groups B and D (p&lt;0.05). A higher percentage of patients with cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities (CM) was found in the high risk group D (p&lt;0.05). Analysis showed similar CM profile of groups B and C. Usage of ICS and LAMA increased with group number while LABA usage was higher in groups A and C (p&lt;0.05). Patients who used ICS (as monotherapy) and LAMA had higher percentage of exacerbations (E) and hospitalizations (p&lt;0.05). Their profile was similar with patients on ICS+LABA regarding FEV1, CAT, CM except diabetes. <b>Conclusion:</b> The Bulgarian National COPD survey showed a very high level of smoking and CM among COPD patients. Symptomatic patients had longer COPD duration. Group B patients had similar features with high risk groups. Treatment with ICS mono therapy was linked with a very high level of E and hospitalizations. Treatment modalities for COPD patients in Bulgaria showed certain deviations from the latest GOLD recommendations.
A Magnetic Field Integral Equation Based Iterative Solver for Scattered Field Prediction (2014)

An iterative solution scheme based on the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) to compute electromagnetic scattering for arbitrary, perfect electrically conducting (PEC) objects is topic of this contribution. The method uses simple and efficient approaches for the computation of surface current interactions which are typically found in the well-known iterative physical optics (IPO) technique. However, the proposed method is not asymptotic, since no physical optics (PO) concepts are utilized. Furthermore, a least squares correction method is introduced, which is applied not on the complete current vector, but on individual groups of currents. This helps to quickly reduce the residual error and to improve convergence. The result is a simple method which is capable to improve the simulation results obtained by pure asymptotic methods such as PO or shooting and bouncing rays (SBR). The method can be regarded as a simplified iterative method of moments (MoM) technique. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach is advantageous e.g., in problem cases where the neglect of diffraction effects or currents in shadow regions would cause large errors. It also provides an improved prediction of the peak scattering contributions.
PRODUCTION PROCESS MONITORING OF MULTILAYERED MATERIALS USING TIME-DOMAIN TERAHERTZ GAUGES (2010)

The results of both a laboratory and factory trial of a time‐domain terahertz (TD‐THz) multi‐layer gauge for on‐line process monitoring are presented. The TD‐THz gauge is demonstrated on a two layer laminated plastic insulation material. The TD‐THz gauge simultaneously measured the total and the individual layer thicknesses. Measurements were made while transversely scanning across a 12 foot wide sheet extruded at high speed in a factory environment. The results were analyzed for precision, accuracy, and repeatability; and demonstrated that the TD‐THz gauge performed in an equivalent or superior manner to existing ionizing radiation gauges (which measure only one layer). Many dielectric materials (e.g., plastic, rubber, paper, paint) are transparent to THz pulses, and the measurement of a wide range of samples is possible.
ecancermedicalscience (2016)

Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms commonly occurring in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs but can occur in other regions. Primary ovarian NET account for 5% of all NET and 0.1% of all ovarian malignancies. In metastatic disease, the therapeutic goal is to extend survival and to improve quality of life. As these tumours express somatostatin receptors, somatostatin analogues are frequently used to control symptoms. Here we present a case of a pregnant woman with an ovarian NET with liver metastases and carcinoid syndrome who was treated with the somatostatin analogue, Octreotide LAR. We also summarize reported data of the use of somatostatin analogues during pregnancy.
Prognostic significance of serum HER2 and CA 15-3 at the time of diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. (2004)

Serum HER2 is a strong independent prognostic factor for survival after relapse in metastatic breast cancer even when adjusted for tumor load. Therefore, the prognostic significance of serum HER2 may not only be related to the tumor load but also to the biological behavior of the tumor.
Controlling structural and magnetic properties of IONPs by aqueous synthesis for improved hyperthermia (2017)

Introducing a hydrothermal step after coprecipitation leads to iron oxide nanoparticles with higher vacancy ordering, saturation magnetization and specific absorption rate.
Learning Continuous Word Embedding with Metadata for Question Retrieval in Community Question Answering (2015)

Community question answering (cQA) has become an important issue due to the popularity of cQA archives on the web. This paper is concerned with the problem of question retrieval. Question retrieval in cQA archives aims to find the existing questions that are semantically equivalent or relevant to the queried questions. However, the lexical gap problem brings about new challenge for question retrieval in cQA. In this paper, we propose to learn continuous word embeddings with metadata of category information within cQA pages for question retrieval. To deal with the variable size of word embedding vectors, we employ the framework of fisher kernel to aggregated them into the fixedlength vectors. Experimental results on large-scale real world cQA data set show that our approach can significantly outperform state-of-the-art translation models and topic-based models for question re-
Ship hull structure monitoring using fibre optic sensors (2001)

We discuss the need for ship hull monitoring and the roles such a system may fill during the different stages of a ship's lifetime. We have found that fibre optic sensors are well suited for this application and present the fibre Bragg grating technology that has been employed in the composite hull embedded sensor system project (CHESS). Signal processing is the key to real-time structure monitoring, and we comment on the modular signal processing system that is being developed at FFI. Finally we present the CHESS installation on a new Norwegian naval vessel and show some results obtained with this system in systematic sea-keeping tests. The CHESS measurements on the new Norwegian fast patrol boat have been instrumental in the design verification of the vessel.
Finding faces in cluttered scenes using random labeled graph matching (2002)

An algorithm for locating quasi-frontal views of human faces in cluttered scenes is presented. The algorithm works by coupling a set of local feature detectors with a statistical model of the mutual distances between facial features it is invariant with respect to translation, rotation (in the plane), and scale and can handle partial occlusions of the face. On a challenging database with complicated and varied backgrounds, the algorithm achieved a correct localization rate of 95% in images where the face appeared quasi-frontally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Simultaneous immunocytochemical visualization of bromodeoxyuridine and neural tissue antigens. (1991)

5'-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a thymidine analogue which can be detected by monoclonal antibodies (MAb). We have developed a method for the simultaneous visualization of BrdU and a wide range of neural antigens in paraformaldehyde-fixed brain sections. Pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single pulse of BrdU. Young adult offspring were processed for immunocytochemistry following a double immunoperoxidase sequence. BrdU was detected using diaminobenzidine (DAB) intensified with nickel ammonium sulfate and neural antigen-containing elements were visualized with DAB alone. BrdU-positive nuclei and tissue antigen-immunoreactive cells were easily differentiated. Furthermore, double-labeled cells characterized by the presence of a black immunoreactive nucleus surrounded by a brown immunopositive cytoplasm were unambiguously recognized. Satisfactory results were obtained using either MAb or polyclonal antibodies against a variety of cell antigens, including neuropeptides, CA++ binding proteins, and cytoskeletal components of the glial cells. The method reported here permits analysis of the neurogenesis and proliferation of subsets of neurons and glial cells, identified by immunocytochemical markers.
How do the electron beam writing and metal deposition affect the properties of graphene during device fabrication? (2013)

Electron beam exposure and metallic contact formation are commonly used processes for fabrication of graphene-based devices. We report a detailed Raman study on the influence of medium energy electron irradiation and metal atoms on defectivity and doping on monolayer and bilayer graphene. It is found that the electron beam could induce disorder into graphene layers mainly by three ways: knocking-off carbon atoms, reaction with substrate and deposition of amorphous carbon. We observe that bilayer graphene exhibits higher stability under e-beam irradiation than monolayer graphene. Our study on the formation process of metallic contacts reveals that evaporation of Ti normally cannot induce any defects into graphene while deposition of Au can introduce a large amount of damage. This work could be valuable for further development of processes in the fabrication of graphene-based devices.
The Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent, Severe, and Complicated Clostridium difficile Infection in 146 Elderly Individuals (2015)

FMT is a safe and effective treatment option for RCDI, SCDI, and CCDI in elderly patients.
A binding free energy decomposition approach for accurate calculations of the fidelity of DNA polymerases (2009)

DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is a small eukaryotic enzyme with the ability to repair short single-stranded DNA gaps that has found use as a model system for larger replicative DNA polymerases. For all DNA polymerases, the factors determining their catalytic power and fidelity are the interactions between the bases of the base pair, amino acids near the active site, and the two magnesium ions. In this report, we study effects of all three aspects on human pol beta transition state (TS) binding free energies by reproducing a consistent set of experimentally determined data for different structures. Our calculations comprise the combination of four different base pairs (incoming pyrimidine nucleotides incorporated opposite both matched and mismatched purines) with four different pol beta structures (wild type and three mutants). We generate three fragments of the incoming deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate-TS and run separate calculations for the neutral base part and the highly charged triphosphate part, using different dielectric constants in order to account for the specific dielectric response. This new approach improves our ability to predict the effect of matched and mismatched base pairing and of mutations in DNA polymerases on fidelity and may be a useful tool in studying the potential of DNA polymerase mutations in the development of cancer. It also supports our point of view with regards to the origin of the structural control of fidelity, allowing for a quantified description of the fidelity of DNA polymerases.
All-Inside Meniscal Repair Using a New Flexible, Tensionable Device (2006)

The RapidLoc has an acceptable intermediate-term clinical healing rate in patients undergoing concurrent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Predictive variables for failure should be considered during operative decision making.
Laser cladding and wear testing of nickel base hardfacing materials influence of process parameters (2016)

International audience
Charge and spin transport in graphene-based heterostructure (2011)

We investigate electron transport properties of a heterostructure based on zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) by first-principles calculations. This heterostructure consists of hydrogen-terminated ZGNR (ZGNR-H) and oxygen-terminated ZGNR (ZGNR-O). We find that both charge and spin transport can be well controlled with the ZGNR-H/ZGNR-O heterostructure. A large charge transmission gap appears near the Fermi energy, and rectification behavior is observed. Moreover, the ZGNR-H/ZGNR-O heterostructure can act as a perfect bipolar spin filter or magnetoresistance device. Our results show that the ZGNR-H/ZGNR-O heterostructure hold promise for combining magnetoelectronics and conventional charge-based electronics.
A virtual prototyping process for power supplies using an electronic design verification testing (eDVT) system (2004)

This paper describes an innovative electronic design verification test (eDVT) system capable of using automated circuit simulation to emulate the complete final test performance of a production power supply design. The Web-based eDVT system facilitates the efficient cataloging and reuse of analog design IP, even where the design organization is spread geographically over several design locations. This virtual prototyping process allows the design engineer and the customer to comprehensively evaluate design performance in a timely fashion before hardware is available. The system provides significant reduction in design cycle time and improved accuracy of RFQ and customer information requests.