gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Allyl and Alkyl Vinyl Ethers Using an in situ Prepared Air‐Stable Palladium Catalyst. Efficient Transfer Vinylation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Early Pregnancy Loss: A Role For Glucose Utilization In The Endometrial Stroma (2013)

Recurrent pregnancy loss affects a large number of women, and the causes of this disorder remain largely unknown. One of the key steps in establishing a successful pregnancy is embryo implantation. While embryo abnormalities may certainly lead to pregnancy loss, it is equally important for the uterine endometrium to adequately progress to, what is termed, a receptive state. The endometrium is composed of several cell types, including the epithelial, stromal, endothelial and a number of resident immune cells. A hallmark of endometrial receptivity is the differentiation of the endometrial stromal cell (ESC) compartment into the decidua. During this process, termed decidualization, the ESCs undergo a number of morphological and functional changes, which results in their ability to support early embryo growth and development prior to full placental function. Decidual cells show evidence of drastic changes in glucose metabolism, which is evidenced by their high stores of glycogen granules. We, therefore, hypothesized that increased glucose uptake by ESCs is necessary for decidualization and that this excess glucose is differentially metabolized in the decidual cells versus undifferentiated stroma. We first explored the abundance of GLUT mRNAs in primary ESCs isolated from mice and humans. We found that GLUT1 mRNA is the most abundant among glucose transporter family members in the ESCs of both species studied, but several other transporters also show moderately high mRNA levels. We also determined that GLUT1 is required for proper decidualization of human ESCs since in vitro knockdown of this gene significantly lowered expression of the known decidualization markers, PRL and IGFBP1. Lastly, we also demonstrated that metabolism of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway is a requirement for proliferation and decidualization of endometrial stroma. Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway led to a significant decrease in the decidual reaction both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the outcomes of this study highlight two distinct steps of glucose utilization, uptake via Glut1 and flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, which are both necessary for proper ESC decidualization. Abnormal glucose utilization by decidualizing ESCs may provide a mechanistic explanation for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.
Efficacy and safety of an antiviral Iota-Carrageenan nasal spray: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study in volunteers with early symptoms of the common cold (2010)

The common cold, the most prevalent contagious viral disease in humans still lacks a safe and effective antiviral treatment. Iota-Carrageenan is broadly active against respiratory viruses in-vitro and has an excellent safety profile. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of an Iota-Carrageenan nasal spray in patients with common cold symptoms. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory trial, 35 human subjects suffering from early symptoms of common cold received Iota-Carrageenan (0.12%) in a saline solution three times daily for 4 days, compared to placebo. Administration of Iota-Carrageenan nasal spray reduced the symptoms of common cold (p = 0.046) and the viral load in nasal lavages (p = 0.009) in patients with early symptoms of common cold. Pro-inflammatory mediators FGF-2, Fractalkine, GRO, G-CSF, IL-8, IL-1α, IP-10, IL-10, and IFN-α2 were reduced in the Iota-Carrageenan group. Iota-Carrageenan nasal spray appears to be a promising treatment for safe and effective treatment of early symptoms of common cold. Larger trials are indicated to confirm the results.
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylstreptamine 2,4,6-orthoformate (2003)

In the title compound, rac-(1s,3s,5R,6r,7S,8R,9S)-8,9-bis­(di­methyl­amino)-2,4,10-trioxatri­cyclo­[3.3.1.13,7]­decan-6-ol, C11H20N2O4, an intramolecular hydrogen bond with H⋯N = 2.09 (2) Å is observed between the hydroxy group and one of the di­methyl­amino groups; this hydrogen bond is appreciably non-linear (146° at H). There is a short H⋯N contact of 2.61 (2) Å from the same hydroxy H atom to the other N atom.
Classic Swine Fever (2021)

Classic swine fever (CSF) is one of the most devastating diseases for pig production. Currently, on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, classic swine fever virus (CSFV) can be divided into three groups with three or four subgroups but only one serogroup is recognized. Two types of CSFV vaccines are commercially available: the MLV and the newer marker vaccines that allow differentiation of field virus-infected versus vaccinated animals (DIVA principle). From an evolutionary point of view, CSFV is relatively stable for a RNA virus and only one serogroup has so far been recognized. Convalescent or vaccinated pigs present a long and stable immunity against all the variants of CSFV, based on neutralizing antibodies against NS3, E2, and Erns viral proteins. Postvaccination monitoring based on serosurveillance for undisclosed infection and the analysis of outbreak data should be seen as an essential component for all vaccination programs.
The role of confined collagen geometry in decreasing nucleation energy barriers to intrafibrillar mineralization (2018)

Mineralization of collagen is critical for the mechanical functions of bones and teeth. Calcium phosphate nucleation in collagenous structures follows distinctly different patterns in highly confined gap regions (nanoscale confinement) than in less confined extrafibrillar spaces (microscale confinement). Although the mechanism(s) driving these differences are still largely unknown, differences in the free energy for nucleation may explain these two mineralization behaviors. Here, we report on experimentally obtained nucleation energy barriers to intra- and extrafibrillar mineralization, using in situ X-ray scattering observations and classical nucleation theory. Polyaspartic acid, an extrafibrillar nucleation inhibitor, increases interfacial energies between nuclei and mineralization fluids. In contrast, the confined gap spaces inside collagen fibrils lower the energy barrier by reducing the reactive surface area of nuclei, decreasing the surface energy penalty. The confined gap geometry, therefore, guides the two-dimensional morphology and structure of bioapatite and changes the nucleation pathway by reducing the total energy barrier.
Direct torque control of nine switches inverter &#x2014; Dual induction motors (2014)

This paper proposes an independent control of two induction motors fed nine switches inverter. In this context, an adaptive direct torque control is developed to ensure the separate control of the both induction motors. Simulations are carried-out on induction motors, to show that the developed independent control is effective and provides a simple configuration with high performance in terms of speed and torque responses.
Enhanced selectivity, cellular uptake, and in vitro activity of an intrinsically fluorescent copper–tirapazamine nanocomplex for hypoxia targeted therapy in prostate cancer (2020)

In the present work, a copper-tirapazamine (TPZ) nanocomplex [Cu(TPZ)<sub>2</sub>] was synthesized for selective hypoxia-targeted therapy. The nanocomplex revealed a crystalline form, and exhibited higher lipophilicity, compared to TPZ. Furthermore, its stability was confirmed in different media, with minimum dissociation in serum (∼20% up to 72 h). In contrast to other hypoxia-targeted agents, our intrinsically fluorescent nanocomplex offered an invaluable tool to monitor its cellular uptake and intracellular distribution under both normoxia and hypoxia. The conferred higher cellular uptake of the nanocomplex, especially under hypoxia, and its biocompatible reductive potential resulted in superior hypoxia selectivity in two prostate cancer (PC) cell lines. More promisingly, the nanocomplex showed higher potency in three-dimensional tumor spheroids, compared to TPZ, due to its slower metabolism, and probably deeper penetration in tumor spheroids. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of the intact nanocomplex, combined with its higher DNA binding affinity, as evidenced by the DNA binding assay, resulted in significant S-phase cell-cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis in the three-dimensional spheroid model. In conclusion, the presented findings suggested that the Cu(TPZ)<sub>2</sub> nanocomplex can be a promising hypoxia-targeted therapeutic, which could potentiate the efficacy of the existing chemo- and radiotherapy in PC.
Plant organelles contain distinct peptidylprolyl cis,trans-isomerases. (1992)

Peptidylprolyl cis,trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity was detected in the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplast of pea plants. Cyclosporin A inhibited the activity largely localized to the mitochondrial matrix while rapamycin inhibited the PPIase activity associated with the mitochondrial membranes. Differential inhibition by the two immunosuppressive drugs, the specific binding of these drugs to different mitochondrial fractions, and the immunological detection of a putative 25-kDa rapamycin-binding protein (RBP) in mitochondrial extracts attests to the presence in plant mitochondria of both cyclophilin and RBP classes of PPIases. Cyclosporin A-sensitive PPIase detected in the chloroplast was mostly localized to the thylakoids, which is suggestive of its function in the folding of membranal proteins. PPIase associated with the chloroplast stroma and the thylakoids was not inhibited by rapamycin nor was any cross-reactive RBP detected in chloroplast extracts. These results demonstrate the presence of distinct classes of PPIases in the mitochondria and the chloroplasts of plants.
Abstract 16026: Cardiomyocyte-Specific Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Over-Expression Impairs Functional Recovery of the Reperfused Myocardium Following Ischemia (2011)

The influence of cardiac triacylglycerol (TAG) catabolism on myocardial function during reperfusion following ischemia is relatively understudied. To address this, levels of adipose triglyceride li...
Type D Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion in a Schizophrenia Patient with Polydipsia (2009)

A 55-year-old man with schizophrenia developed water intoxication due to primary polydipsia. His manner of antidiuretic hormone secretion was investigated by water loading and infusion of hypertonic saline to clarify the form of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The plasma antidiuretic hormone level, which may be involved in the occurrence of water intoxication, was consistently low in this patient, and linked to type D syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, designated "hypovasopressinemic antidiuresis". Although this type is not common, it should be considered as a pathophysiology for water intoxication in schizophrenia patients.
Isolated full bridge boost DC-DC converter designed for bidirectional operation of fuel cells/electrolyzer cells in grid-tie applications (2013)

Energy production from renewable energy sources is continuously varying, for this reason energy storage is becoming more and more important as the percentage of green energy increases. Newly developed fuel cells can operate in reverse mode as electrolyzer cells; therefore, they are becoming an attractive technology for energy storage grid-tie applications. In this application dc-dc converter optimization is very challenging due to the large voltage range that the converter is expected to operate. Moreover, the fuel-electrolyzer cell side of the converter is characterized by low voltage and high current. Dc-dc converter efficiency plays a fundamental role in the overall system efficiency since processed energy is always flowing through the converter; for this reason, loss analysis and optimization are a key component of the converter design. The paper presents an isolated full bridge boost dc-dc converter (IFBBC) designed for this new application focusing on losses analysis. The system topology is briefly discussed and the major concerns related to the system, cells stacks and converter operating points are analyzed. The dc-dc converter losses are modeled and presented in detail; the analysis is validated on adc-dc converter prototype rated at 6 kW 30-80 V 0-80 A on the low voltage side and 700-800 V on the high voltage side (for a grid-tie application). The prototype is based on fully planar magnetic, Si MOSFETs, Si IGBTs and SiC diodes; efficiencies up to ~96.5% and ~97.8% were demonstrated depending on the converter operating point.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of Hydroxypyranones and Hydroxypyridinones:  Novel Bidentate Ligands for Cell-Labeling (1996)

The synthesis of a range of hydroxypyranones and hydroxypyridinones with potential for the chelation of indium(III) is described. The crystal structures of two of the indium complexes are presented. The distribution coefficients of the ligands and the corresponding iron(III), gallium(III), and indium(III) complexes are reported. Good linear relationships between the distribution coefficients of the iron and gallium complexes and iron and indium complexes were obtained. In contrast a nonlinear relationship was obtained between the distribution coefficient of the free ligand and the distribution coefficient of the three groups of complexes. This latter relationship was used to identify compounds with optimal cell labeling properties. Two such compounds both 6-(alkoxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-ones have been compared with tropolone for their ability to label human leucocytes with 111In. The leucocyte labeling efficiencies of the selected ligands were greater and the in-vitro plasma stabilities were similar to that of 111In-tropolonate. These results suggest that the new bidentate ligands may offer advantages over those currently used for cell-labeling.
Authenticated Encryption with Replay prOtection (AERO) (2014)

This document describes Authenticated Encryption with Replay
prOtection (AERO), a cryptographic technique that provides all of the
essential security services needed for communication security. AERO
offers several advantages over other methods: it has more compact
messages, provides stronger misuse resistance, avoids the need to
manage implicit state, and is simpler to use. This document defines a
particular AERO algorithm as well as a registry for such algorithms.
Controlling dynamic pull-in escape in electrostatic MEMS (2009)

In this work, we present modeling and experimental data for controlling the dynamic pull-in and the escape-from-potential-well phenomena for a capacitive MEMS device using phase control technique. The device is actuated with a DC voltage superimposed to an AC harmonic voltage. An inevitable escape band of frequencies, where a MEMS resonator is forced to pull-in, is simulated theoretically and found experimentally. To enhance the stability of the MEMS device, a second weak AC signal with a specific phase shift is superimposed to the original AC excitation to be used as the control signal. It is found that this type of control signal can effectively shrink the escape tongue near the primary resonance of the capacitive device, thereby enhancing its stability. A numerical scheme (shooting technique) for finding periodic motion and investigating its stability using Floquet theory is used to simulate the device behavior. Comparison is then made between the simulation results and the obtained experimental data.
La micropyrotechnie sur silicium et l'intégration microsystèmes (2006)

Obtaining an integratable, compatible, low cost mechanical energy source providing a sufficient quantity of easily accessible energy within a miniaturised system has been an ongoing challenge for decades. The urgency and interests of such systems will continue to increase with the development of portable microsystems, distributed microsystems as the smartdust type and monitoring systems. The conventional approach to mechanical actuation is based on electromagnetic machines. This option is very efficient but difficult to integrate at microscopic scales. Actuation making use of electrostatic forces became widespread starting from the 1990s, and this is an important step forward for microsystems since it is very easy to integrate, it is relatively powerful and easy to use. Obviously there is still a real actuator need to be satisfied for integrated and high power actuation. In this context LAAS-CNRS initiated micropyrotechnics in 1995 by integrating energetic materials (propellants or explosives) into microsystems to generate microthrusts, gases for actuation, for microinitiation or simply to act as energy sources to modify surfaces, and for heating and welding. Since then, other teams have initiated large amounts of work in micropyrotechnics. The manuscript makes the state-of-the-art of the micropyrotechnics and gives essential results obtained at LAAS.<br /><br />Today the trend which is the extreme system miniaturisation and complexification leads to new technological and material challenges. After the micro pyrotechnics history and evolution, we present the perspectives of this discipline. A particular emphasis on new nanostructured energetic materials, as well as on the development of theoretical multiphysics tools to help the conception of systems that became extremely complexes where pyrotechnical functions has to cohabite with mechanical, thermal, chemical and electronics functions.
Supercapacitor energy storage for wind energy integration (2011)

The fast growth of wind energy utilization has necessitated research on wind energy integration. Due to the variable nature of wind and the forecasting challenges, it is desirable to utilize wind energy alongside energy storage sources for reliable wind energy integration. This paper details the design of a supercapacitor storage system that is integrated into an in-lab grid that was developed to research methods aimed at optimizing energy production while increasing the predictability of wind farm outputs. The in-lab grid features the emulation of several high-power grid sources and loads including a wind farm, energy storage systems and hydro resources. Results include the storage system simulations generated from a variety of AGC algorithms run on a dSPACE rapid prototyping machine. In addition, this paper presents a model for a supercapacitor developed to be used in characterization and lifetime tests. These tests are useful in predicting performance of the system for purposes of ensuring its efficient and safe use. Results validating the model and estimating the expected performance of the system are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoassisted Hydrogen Generation: Pt and CdS Supported on Separate Particles. (1987)

Abstract Dispersion of TiO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , and WO 3 on silica, giving high surface area materials with nearly equal specific surface areas, permit comparison of the catalytic properties of different supported oxides.
Advances in intravenous thrombolytic therapy for treatment of acute stroke (2001)

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an effective therapy for treatment of acute ischemic stroke when administered within 3 hours of symptom onset. Three large randomized clinical trials that have attempted to extend the time window for tPA treatment beyond 3 hours have failed to demonstrate convincing evidence of efficacy. A recently published prospective, monitored, multicenter study of 389 patients, who were treated with tPA for ischemic stroke at 57 medical centers (24 academic, 33 community) across the United States, demonstrated favorable outcomes and low rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Recent advances in neuroimaging, including diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI), have the potential to differentiate salvageable ischemic brain tissue from irreversibly injured tissue. Preliminary data suggest that acute stroke patients who present with a PWI lesion that is considerably larger than the initial DWI lesion may be good candidates for intravenous thrombolysis, even beyond 3 hours after symptom onset. Additional research is required to clarify the optimal use of these diagnostic techniques and their cost-effectiveness.
Complement Inhibitor(s) Released by Leukocytes (1975)

Abstract Mouse spleen or thymus cells in short-term culture release a factor, designated S, that binds to sheep erythrocytes (E). Supernatant-treated sheep erythrocytes (SE) are capable of fixing and transferring the activated first component of guinea pig complement. SEC1̄, however is not capable of initiating hemolysis by the rest of the complement components. SE is capable of binding but not activating native C1; native C1 bound to SE seems irreversibly inhibited. Evidence is presented that S may be the same factor as the previously described inhibitor released by mouse spleen or thymus cells that inhibits the utilization of C2 by EAC1̄4.
Real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus (2009)

We report a case where real-time 3D TEE proved the non-thrombotic nature of a particular pectinated muscle arrangement within the LAA.
Mixed Reality Entertainment and Art (2009)

Social and physical interactions are new paradigms that outline the vision of the next generation of entertainment. We can provide these interactions through employment of technologies such as mixed reality to merge the human physical world with the virtual game world. However, there are a few obstacles in achieving physical, mobile, tangible and social interaction for people's entertainment. The authors had organized a workshop on this topic of "Mixed Reality Entertainment and Art" at the ISMAR 2007 conference in Nara, and the presentations are summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the authors detail their related systems, including BlogWall, MediaMe, and Shared Design Space to provide artistic and entertainment mixed reality.