gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bogomol’nyi, Prasad, and Sommerfield Configurations in Smectics (2003)

It is typical in smectic liquid crystals to describe elastic deformations with a linear theory when the elastic strain is small. In smectics, certain essential nonlinearities arise from the requirement of rotational invariance. By employing the Bogomol'nyi, Prasad, and Sommerfield decomposition and relying on boundary conditions and geometric invariants, we have found a large class of exact solutions. We introduce an approximation for the deformation profile far from a spherical inclusion and find an enhanced attractive interaction at long distances due to the nonlinear elasticity, confirmed by numerical minimization.
Stress recrystallization of pyrolytic graphite (1964)

Abstract Graphite as deposited by cracking hydrocarbons around 2000 °C shows marked preferred orientation with consequent anisotropy, but still contains numerous structural defects. Procedures have been investigated for removing these by recrystallization around 3000 °C under a shearing stress, resulting from applying uniaxial pressures of about 400 atm to cylindrical specimens. Subsequent annealing at around 3400 °C under light confinement yields blocks of graphite whose crystal properties are comparable with those of small natural single crystals, as indicated by various tests.
On the Dynamics of Boosting (2003)

In order to understand AdaBoost’s dynamics, especially its ability to maximize margins, we derive an associated simplified nonlinear iterated map and analyze its behavior in low-dimensional cases. We find stable cycles for these cases, which can explicitly be used to solve for Ada-Boost’s output. By considering AdaBoost as a dynamical system, we are able to prove Rätsch and Warmuth’s conjecture that AdaBoost may fail to converge to a maximal-margin combined classifier when given a ‘nonoptimal’ weak learning algorithm. AdaBoost is known to be a coordinate descent method, but other known algorithms that explicitly aim to maximize the margin (such as AdaBoost ∗ and arc-gv) are not. We consider a differentiable function for which coordinate ascent will yield a maximum margin solution. We then make a simple approximation to derive a new boosting algorithm whose updates are slightly more aggressive than those of arc-gv. 1
A Failure of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Negative Regulation Maintains Sustained NF-κB Activation in Gut Inflammation (2004)

Immunologically mediated tissue damage in the gut is associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB in a variety of different cell types. The mechanisms/factors that negatively regulate NF-kappaB in the human gut and the pathways leading to the sustained NF-kappaB activation in gut inflammation remain to be identified. Pretreatment of normal human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) resulted in a marked suppression of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB p65 accumulation in the nucleus, NF-kappaB binding DNA activity, and NF-kappaB-dependent gene activation. TGF-beta1 also increased IkappaBalpha transcripts and protein in normal LPMC. In marked contrast, treatment of LPMC from patients with inflammatory bowel disease with TGF-beta1 did not reduce TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation due to the overexpression of Smad7. Indeed inhibiting Smad7 by specific antisense oligonucleotides increased IkappaBalpha expression and reduced NF-kappaB p65 accumulation in the nucleus. This effect was due to endogenous TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 directly stimulated IkappaBalpha promoter transcriptional activity in gut fibroblasts in vitro, and overexpression of Smad7 blocked this effect. These data show that TGF-beta1 is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB activation in the gut and that Smad7 maintains high NF-kappaB activity in gut inflammation by blocking TGF-beta1 signaling.
Fatty methyl ester hydrogenation to fatty alcohol part I: Correlation between catalyst properties and activity/selectivity (1997)

Abstract Fatty alcohols, derived from natural sources, are commercially produced by hydrogenation of fatty acids or methyl esters in slurry‐phase or fixed‐bed reactors. One slurry‐phase hydrogenation of methyl ester process flows methyl esters and powdered copper chromite catalyst into tubular reactors under high hydrogen pressure and elevated temperature. In the present investigation, slurry‐phase hydrogenations of C 12 methyl ester were carried out in semi‐batch reactions at nonoptimal conditions (i.e., low hydrogen pressure and elevated temperature). These conditions were used to accentuate the host of side reactions that occur during the hydrogenation. Some 14 side reaction routes are outlined. As an extension of this study, copper chromite catalyst was produced under a number of varying calcination temperatures. Differences in catalytic activity and selectivity were determined by closely following side reaction products. Both activity and selectivity correlate well with the crystallinity of the copper chromite surface; they increase with decreasing crystallinity. The ability to follow the wide variety of side reactions may well provide an additional tool for the optimized design of hydrogenation catalysts.
Recent Research Progress on Leather Fatliquoring Agents (2009)

In this paper, the types of the fatliquoring agents, the fatliquoring mechanism and the properties of fatliquored leather were introduced. Also, the recent research progress on leather fatliquoring agents were reviewed, and the prospects of leather fatliquoring agents were discussed.
Elastomers Nanocomposites by stereospecific in-situ polymerization within a metal-organic framework (2007)

Communication par affiche
Time-Restricted Feeding a High-fat Diet in Mice Elevates Plasma Concentration of Saturated Fatty Acids but Reduces Concentrations of Multiple Amino Acids (OR27-02-19) (2019)

Obesity and obesity-related disease contribute to health care costs and pose serious health risks. Rodent studies indicate that time-restricted feeding (TRF) may be effective in reducing adiposity and metabolic disease associated with obesity. However, the metabolic pathways impacted by TRF in the context of obesogenic, high-fat (HF) diets need clarity. In the present work we examined the metabolomic changes in plasma induced by TRF of a HF diet in mice compared to a HF diet eaten ad libitum (AL) vs AL intake of a low-fat (LF) control diet. Male mice (12 weeks old) were fed a LF-AL diet (16%en fat), a HF-AL diet (48%en fat) or a HF diet restricted to feeding for 12 hours per day during the dark phase (HF-TRF). In week 9 of the study, energy expenditure data were collected. After 12 weeks, animals were fasted and plasma collected for clinical chemistries and metabolomic analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to discriminate diet treatments in untargeted metabolomic data. Energy expenditure measurements throughout the day showed a markedly reduced fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in HF-TRF mice during the inactive (light) phase compared to AL groups. Measures of insulin resistance, while increased with HF-AL intake, were resolved in the HF-TRF group. Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and amino acids (AA) to be important discriminators between diet treatments. TRF resulted in elevated NEFA concentrations of the saturated fatty acids (12:0 to 18:0) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid compared to HF-AL. Conversely, the concentrations of aromatic and branched chain amino acids were reduced in HF-TRF mice compared to HF-AL mice. Alterations in plasma metabolites following TRF of a HF diet are consistent with greater lipid utilization during the inactive phase as reflected in the RER. Decreases in the aromatic and branched chain amino acid concentrations are consistent with improved insulin sensitivity in humans. This work was supported by USDA-ARS project 3062-51000-053-00D.
Supplementary Tables S1-S2, Figures 1-7 from Frequent Loss of Brm Expression in Gastric Cancer Correlates with Histologic Features and Differentiation State (2023)

Supplementary Tables S1-S2, Figures 1-7 from Frequent Loss of Brm Expression in Gastric Cancer Correlates with Histologic Features and Differentiation State
Mezlocillin--a broad specturm penicillin An update (1983)

Journal Article Mezlocillin—a broad specturm penicillin An update Get access Harold C. Neu Harold C. Neu Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University630 West 168 Street, New York, N.Y. 10032, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 11, Issue suppl_C, 1983, Pages 103–104, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/11.suppl_C.103 Published: 01 January 1983
ChemInform Abstract: The Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition Route to Forskolin. (1986)

Abstract α‐Damascon (I) liefert mit Nitromethan das Michael‐Addukt (II), das über ein intermediäres Nitriloxid in den Heterocyclus (III) übergeht.
3417 Calculation method of equivalent property with the mesh superposition method for composite materials (2006)

To predict the mechanical properties of composite materials by using computer is complicated, because it is difficult to model directly by ordinary FEM. A calculation method by using the mesh superposition method and periodic boundary condition has been proposed in order to obtain the equivalent mechanical properties of composite materials easily. The numerical results by proposed method have shown good agreement with ones by the traditional procedure. The proposed method is efficient for the materials with complicated structure like woven fabric composites etc.
Exciton Storage in Semiconductor Self-Assembled Quantum Dots (1999)

Storage and retrieval of excitons were demonstrated with semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots (QDs). The optically generated excitons were dissociated and stored as separated electron-hole pairs in coupled QD pairs. A bias voltage restored the excitons, which recombined radiatively to provide a readout optical signal. The localization of the spatially separated electron-hole pair in QDs was responsible for the ultralong storage times, which were on the order of several seconds. The present limits of this optical storage medium are discussed.
Supplementary Table 6 from Clinicopathologic, Genomic, and Immunophenotypic Landscape of <i>ATM</i> Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 6. Baseline clinicopathologic features of patients with ATM mutated NSCLC according ATM protein expression by immunohistochemistry.&lt;/p&gt;
Reconstruction for fan beam with an angular‐dependent displaced center‐of‐rotation (1988)

A convolutional backprojection algorithm is derived for a fan beam geometry that has an angular-dependent displacement in its center-of-rotation from the midline of the fan beam. In both x-ray computed tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, misalignment can occur when the mechanical center-of-rotation is not colinear with midline of the fan beam. In some cases the shift in the center-of-rotation is constant for every angle, whereas, in other cases it varies with angular position. Standard reconstruction algorithms, which directly filter and backproject the fan beam data without rebinning into parallel beam geometry, have been derived for a geometry having its center-of-rotation at the midline of the fan beam. However, in the case of any misalignment of the center-of-rotation, if these conventional reconstruction algorithms are used to reconstruct the fan beam projections, structured artifacts and a loss of resolution will result. Simulations are performed that illustrate these artifacts and demonstrate how the new algorithm corrects for this misalignment. A method for estimating the parameters of the fan beam geometry, including the angular-dependent shift in the center-of-rotation, is also described.
Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood: Reevaluation of critical factors for successful isolation and high ability to proliferate and differentiate to chondrocytes as compared to mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue (2011)

Human umbilical cord blood (CB) is a potential source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) capable of forming specific tissues, for example, bone, cartilage, or muscle. However, difficulty isolating MSC from CB (CB-MSC) has impeded their clinical application. Using more than 450 CB units donated to two public CB banks, we found that successful cell recovery fits a hyper-exponential function of time since birth with very high fidelity. Additionally, significant improvement in the isolation of CB-MSC was achieved by selecting cord blood units having a volume ≥90 ml and time ≤2 h after donor's birth. This resulted in 90% success in isolation of CB-MSC by density gradient purification and without a requirement for immunoaffinity methods as previously reported. Using MSC isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue (AT-MSC) as reference controls, we observed that CB-MSC exhibited a higher proliferation rate and expanded to the order of the 1 × 10(9) cells required for cell therapies. CB-MSC showed karyotype stability after prolonged expansion. Functionally, CB-MSC could be more readily induced to differentiate into chondrocytes than could BM-MSC and AT-MSC. CB-MSC showed immunosuppressive activity equal to that of BM-MSC and AT-MSC. Collectively, our data indicate that viable CB-MSC could be obtained consistently and that CB should be reconsidered as a practical source of MSC for cell therapy and regenerative medicine using the well established CB banking system.
[Clinical case of the month. Anterior mediastinal mass in a patient with acromegaly]. (2003)

The discovery of an anterior asymptomatic mediastinal mass with acromegaly creates a dilemma for the clinician. As acromegaly can be due to a pituitary tumor but also to an ectopic production of GHRH, the first diagnostic step consists of finding the etiology of the disease in order to use adequate treatment. This can be complicated by the fact that acromegaly can be associated with other tumors (for instance in MEN-1 disease and Carney Complex) and because chronic GH hypersecretion can stimulate tumor overgrowth and perhaps tumor formation. We describe the case of a 44-year-old acromegalic woman with an anterior mediastinal mass. We present the different diagnoses and a review of the literature.
Spermiogenesis Deficiency in Mice Lacking the Trf2 Gene (2001)

The discovery of TATA-binding protein-related factors (TRFs) has suggested alternative mechanisms for gene-specific transcriptional regulation and raised interest in their biological functions. In contrast to recent observations of an embryonic lethal phenotype for TRF2 inactivation in Caenorhabditis elegans and Xenopus laevis, we found that Trf2-deficient mice are viable. However, Trf2-/- mice are sterile because of a severe defect in spermiogenesis. Postmeiotic round spermatids advance at most to step 7 of differentiation but fail to progress to the elongated form, and gene-specific transcription deficiencies were identified. We speculate that mammals may have evolved more specialized TRF2 functions in the testis that involve transcriptional regulation of genes essential for spermiogenesis.
In-situ plasma treatment of Cu surfaces for reducing the generation of vacuum arc breakdowns (2021)

High electric fields are present in a rapidly growing number of applications, which include elementary particle accelerators, vacuum interrupters, miniature x-ray sources, and satellites. Many of these applications are limited by the breakdown strength of the materials exposed to electric fields. Different methods have been developed to improve the quality of metal electrode surfaces, aiming to increase their breakdown strength. Not many systematical studies have been performed to provide a proper understanding of what contributes to the correlation between the breakdown strength and the quality of the surface. In this work, we apply a novel method for reducing vacuum arc breakdowns by cleaning the electrode surfaces with O and Ar plasma. The method can be used to alter the surfaces of the Cu electrodes in situ, i.e., without exposing them to air between the measurements. This plasma cleaning treatment is shown to reduce the number of surface impurities and to speed up the conditioning process of the samples under high-voltage pulses. Specifically, the first breakdown field was observed to increase by more than 90% after the plasma cleaning.
Nod-like receptors in intestinal host defense (2012)

The inclusion of the intestinal microbiota as a critical parameter in innate immunity represents an exciting new dimension for understanding NLR functioning and the clinical implications for human health.
Increased Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Prior Endometrial Cancer: A Populationbased U.S. Study: ACG Colorectal Cancer Prevention Award (2013)

Purpose: Recent population-based study from Manitoba, Canada showed that endometrial cancer (EC) survivors were at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The evidence thus far had been equivocal and limited to regional registries. We evaluated the risk of subsequent CRC in endometrial cancer patients using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER-9) registry of U.S. population. Methods: The National Cancer Institute's SEER-9 database was queried to identify adult patients between 1973-2000 with an index diagnosis of EC (ICD-O-3 code C54.1), after excluding any patient with cancer prior to being listed with SEER and allowing sufficient time for subsequent CRC to develop. Relative risk of developing CRC was determined comparing the observed incidence of subsequent CRC amongst EC survivors to that in general population with similar demographics and time period. Byar's accurate approximation to the exact Poisson distribution was used to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CI) and to determine statistical significance. All analysis was performed using SEER*STAT software. Results: Patients with history of EC had 1.35 fold greater incidence of CRC than controls (RR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25-1.47) with an absolute risk excess of 6.14 cases per 1,000 as observed over 253,101 person years of follow-up. The mean age of developing EC and for subsequent CRC were 63.96 and 73.62, respectively. This increase in risk was greatest in the population diagnosed with EC between 18-49 years (RR 4.81, 95% CI: 2.80-7.70, risk excess 6.69 cases per 1,000) with the shortest latency period between EC and CRC (mean age EC: 43.17 and mean age CRC: 45.17). The EC survivors who had received radiation had a marginal increase in risk (RR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.30-1.73) when compared to those who had not been treated with radiation (RR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15-1.41). The RR for subsequent CRC was only found to be significant in period after 1990 (RR-1.35; 95% CI: 1.24-1.46), but not in the preceding period 1973-1990 (RR-1.53; 95% CI: 0.95-2.34), which could likely be due to inadequate screening for CRC. The reciprocal analysis of uterine corpus-EC risk amongst index primary CRC also showed a similar increase (RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.25-1.40) with peak age of EC noted in younger (20-50) CRC patients (RR 6.42; 95% CI: 4.98-8.79). Conclusion: Our results showed increased risk of CRC amongst EC survivors with an appreciable risk in those developing EC at young age (<50). These results support early CRC screening in younger EC patients (<50). Several factors contributing to this observed bidirectional association including genetics, radiation exposure, and more aggressive screening among cancer survivors would warrant further investigation.
Fuzzy Logic-Based Efficiency Optimization and High Dynamic Performance of IPMSM Drive System in Both Transient and Steady-State Conditions (2014)

This paper presents both the efficiency optimization and high performance speed control of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive, based on fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). In order to maximize the efficiency during both transient-state and steady-state operations while meeting the speed and load torque demands, two fuzzy logic-based efficiency controllers are designed to generate the optimum magnetizing current, which is the d-axis component of the stator current id. The steady-state fuzzy efficiency controller is a search controller operating only in steady state to minimize the drive power losses to achieve higher efficiency by reducing the stator flux. The transient-state fuzzy efficiency controller operates only during transient state to increase the flux, depending on the speed error and its derivative. In order to achieve high dynamic performance, another FLC is used as speed controller, which controls the torque component of the stator current. Furthermore, a torque compensator is used to reduce the torque and speed ripples. The efficacy of the proposed IPMSM drive for efficiency optimization and robustness is tested in both simulation and experiment.
Event-Triggered Safety-Critical Control for Systems with Unknown Dynamics (2021)

This paper addresses the problem of safety-critical control for systems with unknown dynamics. It has been shown that stabilizing affine control systems to desired (sets of) states while optimizing quadratic costs subject to state and control constraints can be reduced to a sequence of quadratic programs (QPs) by using Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) and Control Lyapunov Functions (CLFs). Our recently proposed High Order CBFs (HOCBFs) can accommodate constraints of arbitrary relative degree. One of the main challenges in this approach is obtaining accurate system dynamics, which is especially difficult for systems that require online model identification given limited computational resources and system data. In order to approximate the real unmodelled system dynamics, we define adaptive affine control dynamics which are updated based on the error states obtained by real-time sensor measurements. We define a HOCBF for a safety requirement on the unmodelled system based on the adaptive dynamics and error states, and reformulate the safety-critical control problem as the above mentioned QP. Then, we determine the events required to solve the QP in order to guarantee safety. We also derive a condition that guarantees the satisfaction of the HOCBF constraint between events. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework on an adaptive cruise control problem and compare it with the classical time-driven approach.
Confidential Ideas and Independent Contractors: Trade Secret Ownership in the Age of the Hired Gun (2014)

Does an independent contractor or a party hiring the contractor own the new, confidential ideas that fall outside of what the contract or is hired to provide, but that arise during the course of that work? The issue of tradesecret ownership is important due to the growing use of contractors, particularly in the tech development industry. This note explores the emerging issue of trade secret ownership in the post- Great Recession era of increased reliance on contractor-inventors. In concluding that-absenta contrary written agreement- contractor- inventors are the rightful owners of their incidentally created trade secrets while assigned to a project, this note reviews the law, offers policy perspectives, and then sets forth contract terms that both sides could use in negotiations.