gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphane for the chemoprevention of bladder cancer: molecular mechanism targeted approach (2017)

The clinical course for both early and late stage Bladder Cancer (BC) continues to be characterized by significant patient burden due to numerous occurrences and recurrences requiring frequent surveillance strategies, intravesical drug therapies, and even more aggressive treatments in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. For these reasons, BC is also the most expensive cancer to treat. Fortunately, BC offers an excellent platform for chemoprevention interventions with potential to optimize the systemic and local exposure of promising agents to the bladder mucosa. However, other than smoking cessation, there is a paucity of research that systematically examines agents for chemoprevention of bladder cancers. Adopting a systematic, molecular-mechanism based approach, the goal of this review is to summarize epidemiological, in vitro, and preclinical studies, including data regarding the safety, bioavailability, and efficacy of agents evaluated for bladder cancer chemoprevention. Based on the available studies, phytochemicals, specifically isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane, present in Brassicaceae or "cruciferous" vegetables in the precursor form of glucoraphanin are: (a) available in standardized formulations; (b) bioavailable- both systemically and in the bladder; (c) observed to be potent inhibitors of BC carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms; and (d) without toxicities at these doses. Based on available evidence from epidemiological, in vitro, preclinical, and early phase trials, phytochemicals, specifically isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as sulforaphane (SFN) represent a promising potential chemopreventitive agent in bladder cancer.
Capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction and neuropeptide release in guinea pig perfused lungs (1990)

In the guinea pig isolated perfused lung, we have examined the relationship between the effects of capsaicin and neuropeptide release and the possible existence of an axon reflex arrangement. Bolus injections into the pulmonary artery of capsaicin (1-100 pmol), substance P (10-1,000 pmol), and neurokinin (NK) A (10-100 pmol) produced a concentration-dependent bronchoconstriction, whereas calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 20-40 nmol) was without effect. Repeated administration of capsaicin at 40- to 60-min intervals was not associated with tachyphylaxis. These data support the presence of a NK2- (or NKA) type of tachykinin receptor in the guinea pig airways. Tetrodotoxin (0.3-3 microM) inhibited the effect of capsaicin, indicating that an axon reflex was operant. Capsaicin increased overflow of CGRP-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and NKA-LI, the latter only during concurrent infusion of the enkephalinase inhibitor phosphoramidon (3 microM). Phosphoramidon also increased overflow of CGRP-LI, suggesting that both NKA and CGRP were catabolized by a similar enzyme. The purine nucleoside adenosine did not cause any detectable overflow of CGRP-LI, indicating that neuropeptides may not be involved in adenosine-evoked bronchoconstriction and that bronchoconstriction per se does not induce neuropeptide overflow. Capsaicin and NKA had only minor effects on buffer flow, whereas substance P produced pulmonary vasoconstriction. These data clearly demonstrate that capsaicin acts via an axon reflex in the guinea pig airways. Supramaximal concentrations of capsaicin are needed to detect neuropeptide overflow, but the possibility exists that released neuropeptides mediate its effects.
Nitroglycerin-Responsive Pulmonary Hypertension in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis 1, 2 (1986)

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is an uncommon disease found predominantly in pediatric patients. It can produce severe chronic pulmonary injury that results in chronic hypoxemia, pulmonary insufficiency, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, leading to irreversible pulmonary hypertension and death. We studied the pulmonary hemodynamics in an 9-yr-old boy with IPH to determine if pulmonary hypertension contributed to exacerbations of this disease. Our results showed that this patient demonstrated pulmonary hypertension during acute exacerbations. Initially, the elevated pulmonary artery pressure responded both to oxygen and to a pulmonary vasodilator in the form of nitroglycerin. However, this improvement was not sustained. We conclude that pulmonary hypertension is probably a result of chronic hypoxemia experienced by patients with pulmonary hemosiderosis. Further investigation is warranted to assess whether or not intervention aimed at reducing pulmonary artery pressure in IPH improves outcome.
如何让网球走进更多家庭——朱迪·穆雷的角色 (2014)

朱迪·穆雷不仅仅是一位母亲，还是一位成功的教练，更是一位网球推广大使，她坚信只有家庭与社会的共同参与，才能让网球这项运动走向世界的每一个角落。今年的3月3日是第二个世界网球日，朱迪·穆雷也借着这个契机畅谈了如何让网球走进更多的家庭。
Graphene‐Supported Hemin as a Highly Active Biomimetic Oxidation Catalyst (2012)

Gut unterstützt: Hämin-Graphen-Konjugate (siehe Bild) zeigen eine katalytische Aktivität, die mehr als 10-mal höher ist als die eines Hämin-Hydrogel-Systems und 100-mal höher als die von Hämin ohne Trägermaterial. Die Katalysatoren zeichnen sich außerdem durch hervorragende Bindungsaffinitäten aus, und die Katalyseeffizienzen kommen denen natürlicher Enzyme nahe.
Thermal Conductivity Measurement for Carbon-Nanotube Suspensions with 3ω Method (2009)

The stable and homogeneneous aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes was prepared in this study. The stability of the nanofluids was improved greatly due to the use of a new dispersant, humic acid. The thermal conductivity of the aqueous suspension was measured with the 3ω method. The experimental results showed that the thermal conductivity of the suspensions increases with the temperature and also is nearly proportional to the loading of the nanoparticles. The thermal conductivity enhancement of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspensions is better than that of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) suspensions. Especially for a volume fraction of 0.3846% SWNTs, the thermal conductivity is enhanced by 40.5%. Furthermore, the results at 30°C match well with Jang and Choi’s model.
The cis- and trans-effects of cyanide in substitution at platinum(II) (1993)

The cis- and trans-[Pt(am)2Cl2] isomers (am = dimethylamine, pyridine, 4-cyanopyridine, 4-chloropyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, morpholine or piperidine), react rapidly with excess CN– in methanol to form the corresponding cis- and trans-[Pt(am)2(CN)2] species which then react further to give [Pt(CN)4]2–. The kinetics of the slow step, [Pt(am)2(CN)2]+ CN–→[Pt(am)(CN)3]–+ am, has been studied. In spite of the strong trans effect of CN– the trans species are all more reactive than the corresponding cis isomers. The second-order rate constants are sensitive to the nature of am; plots of log k2 against the pKa of Ham+ are linear but the slope for the trans isomers (–0.27) is much greater than that for the cis isomers (–0.07). The rate constants for the displacement of o-methyl substituted pyridines are smaller than predicted from their basicity. This steric hindrance effect is much more marked in the trans isomers. The complexes with am = NH3 and NH2Me are similarly less reactive than might be predicted but the effect is the same in both isomers. The results are explained in terms of the trans effect of cyanide and its effect upon the intrinsic reactivities and nucleophilic discriminations of the substrates.
Expression and characterization of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Burkholderia pseudomallei (2012)

A superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene from Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and its product was functionally and physically characterized. The gene has an open-reading frame of 579 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence has 192 residues with a calculated molecular mass of ~22 kDa. Sequence comparison with other bacterial SODs showed that the protein contains typical metal-binding motifs and other Fe-SOD-conserved residues. The sequence has substantial similarity with other bacterial Fe-SOD sequences. The enzymatic activity of the expressed protein was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide or potassium cyanide, attributes that indeed are characteristic of typical bacterial Fe-SODs. Western blotting with antiserum against the recombinant Fe-SOD revealed that it is expressed in B. pseudomallei. Transformed E. coli that expressed the Fe-SOD had significantly increased SOD activity and was highly tolerant to paraquat-mediated replication inhibition, compared to transformed cells carrying an empty vector. Our results provide a basis for further biochemical characterization of the enzyme and elucidation of its role in the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei.
CheckFreq: Frequent, Fine-Grained DNN Checkpointing. (2021)

Training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a resource-hungry and time-consuming task. During training, the model per-forms computation at the GPU to learn weights, repeatedly, over several epochs. The learned weights reside in GPU memory, and are occasionally checkpointed (written to persistent storage) for fault-tolerance. Traditionally, model parameters are checkpointed at epoch boundaries; for modern deep net-works, an epoch runs for several hours. An interruption to the training job due to preemption, node failure, or process failure, therefore results in the loss of several hours worth of GPU work on recovery. We present CheckFreq, an automatic, fine-grained check-pointing framework that (1) algorithmically determines the checkpointing frequency at the granularity of iterations using systematic online profiling, (2) dynamically tunes check-pointing frequency at runtime to bound the checkpointing overhead using adaptive rate tuning, (3) maintains the training data invariant of using each item in the dataset exactly once per epoch by checkpointing data loader state using a light-weight resumable iterator, and (4) carefully pipelines checkpointing with computation to reduce the checkpoint cost by introducing two-phase checkpointing. Our experiments on a variety of models, storage backends, and GPU generations show that CheckFreq can reduce the recovery time from hours to seconds while bounding the runtime overhead within 3.5%.
Authorization schemes for large-scale systems based on Java, CORBA and Web security models (2005)

This paper presents an authorization scheme for large-scale networks that involves programming models and tools represented by the Web, Java and CORBA. The authorization scheme is based on structures and concepts introduced in the Web, Java and CORBA for security. A discretionary prototype is presented here, where the solutions adopted involving a concrete scheme are discussed. This scheme was developed in order to simplify authorization policy implementation in these systems. These policies are based on well-known literature security models such as the access matrix model. These security models are adapted in order to elaborate a feasible and practical authorization scheme in which it is easy to define policies to be followed in large-scale distributed systems.
Occurrence of mazEF-like antitoxin/toxin systems in bacteria. (1999)

The mazEF locus of Escherichia coil located in an operon together with the upstream relA gene (encoding ATP:GTP 3'-pyrophosphotransferase; (p)ppGpp synthetase), encodes an antitoxin/toxin system which might play a role in programmed cell death under stress and starvation conditions at high cell densities. By homology searches, chromosomally encoded orthologous systems were identified in a variety of bacteria, sometimes without the MazE-like antitoxin, and several bacterial species possess multiple MazEF-like systems (paralogs). In many gram positive bacteria, the mazEF-locus is located directly upstream of the sigB (stress sigma factor sigmaB) operon in a putative operon together with the upstream dal (aIr) gene (encoding D-alanine racemase). The acidic antitoxins are less conserved than the basic toxins. The differences in genomic organization of the mazEFloci in E. coli versus those in gram positive bacteria might indicate their association with different stress response regulons in these organisms. A study on the sigmaB operon of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the mazF gene of this organism is cotranscribed with the sigmaB operon in response to heat shock, providing the first example that the expression of the mazEFlocus might be indeed associated with stress responses.
Modeling Combined Heat and Power Systems for Microgrid Applications (2017)

This paper presents the modeling of combined heat and power (CHP) systems for microgrid applications. When generating electricity, a CHP unit can recycle waste heat to supply building thermal loads to improve the overall efficiency of a traditional generation system. The ramping capability of a CHP unit makes it an ideal resource for load following and frequency regulation in microgrid operation. In this paper, a CHP model built in Simulink is developed. The CHP model includes three key components: generator, turbine, and absorption chiller. A new isochronous governor control strategy is proposed to provide zero-steady-state-error frequency regulation. The supply of building thermal loads is modeled to facilitate the calculation of the overall CHP system efficiency. The impact of ambient temperature on the maximum electrical output is considered. The developed model is implemented on OPAL-RT for testing the microgrid controller performance in a microgrid system.
Corrosion behavior of as-cast binary Mg-Bi alloys in Hank's solution (2015)

Biodegradable Mg-xBi (x = 3, 6 and 9wt.%) alloys were fabricated by ingot casting, and the change of corrosion behavior of the alloys in the Hank's solution was analyzed with respect to the microstructure using optical micrograph (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), electrochemical and immersion tests. The results show that the microstructures of the as-cast Mg-Bi alloys mainly consisted of dendritic ?Mg grains and Mg3Bi2 phase in common, with the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) decreasing significantly from 41.2 靘 to 25.4 靘 and the fraction of Mg3Bi2 increasing from 3.1% to 10.7%. Furthermore, the corrosion rate increasing from 1.32 mm昦-1 to 8.07 mm昦-1 as the Bi content was increased from 3wt.% to 9wt.%. The reduced corrosion resistance was mainly ascribed to the increasing fraction of the second phase particles, which bring positive effects on the development of pitting.
Event‐related potentials during sustained attention and memory tasks: Utility as biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (2018)

ERPs obtained during cognitive tasks may provide a powerful tool for assessing MCI and have strong potential as sensitive and robust biomarkers for tracking disease progression and evaluating response to investigative therapeutics.
Vascular Protection of TPE-CA on Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction through AA Metabolism Modulated CYPs Pathway (2019)

A high concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in plasma induces vascular endothelial dysfunction, and it may ultimately accelerate the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although several B vitamins have been clinically applied for hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) treatment, the outcomes are not satisfied due to their limited therapeutic mechanism. Hence, in order to improve the curative effect, development of new effective therapeutic strategies should be put on the agenda. Total phenolic extracts of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. (TPE-CA) is a naturally obtained phenolic mixture, mainly containing flavones, flavanones and their glycosyl derivatives, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and coumarins. Previous reports indicated that bioactive phenolic compounds possessed potent vascular protective effects and regarded as a protective agent against CVDs. Intriguingly, the exact mechanism underlying the suppressed effects of TPE-CA on HHcy could assist in revealing their therapy on CVDs. Here, the multi-targeted synergistic mechanism of TPE-CA on HHcy-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was uncovered in a deduced manner. TPE-CA treatment exhibited an obvious superiority than that of B vitamins treatment. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the interrelationships among compounds, potential targets and putative pathways. Further experimental validation suggested that the treatment of TPE-CA for HHcy could not only effectively reduce the Hcy level in plasma through up-regulating transsulfuration pathway in Hcy metabolism, but also restore the HHcy-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by activating cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) epoxygenase signal cascades and inhibiting CYPs hydroxylase signal cascades in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism.
The Development of Flexible Scintillation Panels Based on Chalcogenide and Oxide Phosphors for Advanced X-Ray Scanners and Tomographs (2016)

Для реєстрації рентгенівського випромінювання розроблено технологію одержання гнучких дисперсних сцинтиляційних панелей та елементів з високою рівномірністю сцинтиляційних параметрів (середнє відхилення показників&#13;\nне більше 2 %) і низькою собівартістю. Оптимізовано параметри гнучких сцинтиляційних панелей, що дало можливість отримувати їх з високим просторовим розрізненням. Дані панелі можна застосовувати як підсилюючі екрани в&#13;\nмедичній та промисловій рентгенографії. Запропоновано варіанти реалізації двохенергетичних детекторів рентгенівського випромінювання, які ефективно працюють в діапазонах енергій рентгенівського випромінювання (від 20 до 100 кеВ). Можливе їх застосування – в мультиенергетичних сканерах і в медичних комп’ютерних томографах.
Group IVA phospholipase A 2 optimizes ovulation and fertilization in rodents through induction of and metabolic coupling with prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (2012)

Female mice lacking group IVA phospholipase A(2) (Pla2g4a(-/-)) have a smaller litter size, which is due, in part, to defective implantation. We examined PLA(2)G4A dependence of the processes of ovulation and fertilization. Following induction of ovulation by equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)/human CG (hCG) treatment and mating, ovulation and fertilization rates were reduced significantly in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice as compared to wild-type littermates. Human CG triggered robust ovarian prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production in the preovulatory period that was significantly attenuated in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice. Human CG transiently enhanced ovarian expression of PLA(2)G4A and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in wild-type mice. This PTGS2 induction was decreased in Pla2g4a(-/-) mice and also in immature rats treated with the PLA(2)G4A inhibitor, archidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone. A close spatiotemporal association of PLA(2)G4A with PTGS2 was found in mouse and rat preovulatory follicles examined by immunohistochemistry. Less association was observed with 4 other forms of PLA(2). Our data strongly suggest that PLA(2)G4A amplifies hCG induction of PTGS2 and colocalizes with the induced PTGS2, thus contributing to robust PG production required for optimal ovulation and fertilization in rodents.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Bloch Equations (2023)

Algorithms for pulse optimization, quantitative MRI, or model-based reconstruction require knowledge about partial derivatives of the Bloch equations.While being available for specific analytical solutions, computing them becomes challenging in the general case. Difference quotient techniques can be used, but require perturbation tuning to avoid errors. In this work, we investigate the use of direct sensitivity analysis to estimate the partial derivatives of the Bloch equations. We validate it with an analytical sequence model and compare it to the difference quotient in an example without analytical solution. In all cases, direct sensitivity analysis provided highly accurate estimates of the partial derivatives.
Quantitative microvascular analysis of retinal venous occlusions by spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (2017)

Quantitative OCTA of the central 3x3mm macular region demonstrates significant differences in capillary density and morphology among subjects with BRVO and CRVO compared to controls or unaffected fellow eyes in all vascular layers. The unaffected fellow eyes also demonstrate significant differences when compared to controls. OCTA allows for noninvasive, layer-specific, quantitative evaluation of RVO-associated microvascular changes.
Flow Injection On-Line Distillation Method for Determination of Cyanide in Water (2014)

Purpose The flow injection distillation (zinc acetate solution) was changed to be 5% phosphoric acid in the method of determination of cyanide. Application Cyanide in groundwater was measured by FIA6000 + automatic flow injection analyzer directly. Results In the 2.0-100.0μg/L range, the linear correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9, the recovery was 86.1% -100.8%, relative standard deviation 1.3% -3.8%. Conclusion This method not only reduces the white crystals [Zn (OH) 2 ] on the pump tube blockage, making the operation more simple and efficient, but also for the detection of a large number of groundwater samples.
Towards transnational interoperable PPDR communications: The European ISI Cloud Network (2015)

The European Council has been stressing the need for interoperability among technologies used for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) communications across Europe for a long time. Nevertheless, while the introduction of TETRA and TETRAPOL technologies in the last two decades has increased the possibility to talk cross agency internally in a country, cross border communication for the public safety forces is not well solved as of today. This paper describes the communications interoperability solution that is being developed in the framework of the ISITEP project. This solution, referred to as the European Inter-System Interface (ISI) Cloud Network, aims to integrate the PPDR national/regional infrastructures to allow migration (i.e., roaming) and communication services between networks within a secure framework. The ISI Cloud Network involves, among other components, the specification of a new ISI interface to be deployed over IP transport networks and the development of a number of different gateways to cover the use of TETRA and TETRAPOL technologies as well as the use of legacy TETRA ISI by some networks.
A partial-destination-release strategy for the multi-token ring protocol (2003)

A strategy for ring networks using multiple tokens is defined. The tokens are released either at their sources or at their destination nodes, depending on bandwidth availability and frame lengths. This results in greater bandwidth availability and reduced access delays, as confirmed by simulation results. The protocol is shown to outperform several other popular protocols, like the token ring with early token release, e.g. FDDI, the slotted ring, and DQDB. This performance superiority is shown to hold over almost the entire range of traffic loads, with different network spans and different values of average packet lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of Different Residence Gateway of Suzhou and Pingyao (2009)

This article explains the clear time mountain business culture and the south of Yangtze River Suzhou trade culture historical perspective through Jan,under these two different cultural influence in the ordinary common people residence construction gateway the type characteristic,the criterion,the modeling,the material quality,the detail decoration and so on several aspect contrastive analyses and summarizes the induction,discusses under the same time two kind of different commercial culture ideology the building unitthe gatewaythe difference and has this kind of difference survey reason.