gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How evidence-based is an 'evidence-based parenting program'? A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of Triple P (2012)

In volunteer populations over the short term, mothers generally report that Triple P group interventions are better than no intervention, but there is concern about these results given the high risk of bias, poor reporting and potential conflicts of interest. We found no convincing evidence that Triple P interventions work across the whole population or that any benefits are long-term. Given the substantial cost implications, commissioners should apply to parenting programs the standards used in assessing pharmaceutical interventions. See related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/10/145.
Leucine supplemented meals improve muscle protein synthesis in older adults (2009)

Protein‐energy supplementation is routinely employed to combat the sarcopenia of aging. However, many regimens are impractical or ineffective due to issues including increased satiety, poor palatability, cost and compliance. To this end, we conducted a 14 day study in which we supplemented regular daily meals of community dwelling elders (n=8, 63‐76 yrs) with a small amount of the key regulatory amino acid leucine (4 g per meal; 3 meals per day; days 2‐13). Stable isotope studies consisting of a primed continuous L‐[ring‐ 13 C 6 ] phenylalanine infusion, arterialized blood samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed on days 1 and 14. Mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was measured during the post‐absorptive state and following ingestion of a standardized test meal containing 10 g of carbohydrate and 7 g of mixed essential amino acids. Leucine supplementation significantly increased postabsorptive FSR (Day 1: 0.061 + 0.005 vs. Day 14: 0.074 + 0.006 %/hr; p=0.003) and the response to the standardized meal (Day 1: 0.073 + 0.006 vs. Day 14: 0.100 + 0.007 %/hr; p=0.02). These data suggest that a low volume leucine supplement may provide a minimally disruptive and efficient means of chronically stimulating muscle protein synthesis and improving the anabolic response to meals ingested by older adults. Grant Funding Source Funded by the UTMB Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center # P30 AG024832. Studies conducted on the GCRC at UTMB funded by grant M01 RR 00073 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH, USPHS.
Array-based Spectro-temporal Masking For Automatic Speech Recognition (2014)

Over the years, a variety of array processing techniques have been applied to the problem of enhancing degraded speech to improve automatic speech recognition. In this context, linear beamforming has long been the approach of choice, for reasons including good performance, robustness and analytical simplicity. While various non-linear techniques - typically based to some extent on the study of auditory scene analysis - have also been of interest, they tend to lag behind their linear counterparts in terms of simplicity, scalability and exibility. Nonlinear techniques are also more difficult to analyze and lack the systematic descriptions available in the study of linear beamformers. This work focuses on a class of nonlinear processing, known as time-frequency (T-F) masking - a.k.a. spectro-temporal masking { whose variants comprise a significant portion of the existing techniques. T-F masking is based on accepting or rejecting individual time-frequency cells based on some estimate of local signal quality. Analyses are developed that attempt to mirror the beam patterns used to describe linear processing, leading to a view of T-F masking as "nonlinear beamforming". Two distinct formulations of these "nonlinear beam patterns" are developed, based on different metrics of the algorithms behavior; these formulations are modeled in a variety of scenarios to demonstrate the flexibility of the idea. While these patterns are not quite as simple or all-encompassing as traditional beam patterns in microphone-array processing, they do accurately represent the behavior of masking algorithms in analogous and intuitive ways. In addition to analyzing this class of nonlinear masking algorithm, we also attempt to improve its performance in a variety of ways. Improvements are proposed to the baseline two-channel version of masking, by addressing both the mask estimation and the signal reconstruction stages; the latter more successfully than the former. Furthermore, while these approaches have been shown to outperform linear beamforming in two-sensor arrays, extensions to larger arrays have been few and unsuccessful. We find that combining beamforming and masking is a viable method of bringing the benefits of masking to larger arrays. As a result, a hybrid beamforming-masking approach, called "post-masking", is developed that improves upon the performance of MMSE beamforming (and can be used with any beamforming technique), with the potential for even greater improvement in the future.
Unveiling electrotransformation ofMoraxella catarrhalisas a process of natural transformation (2006)

The human respiratory tract pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis is a naturally competent microorganism. However, electrotransformation has long been used to introduce foreign DNA into this organism. This study demonstrated that electrotransformants obtained with linear or circular nonreplicating plasmid DNA originated exclusively from natural transformation processes taking place during the recovery phase after the application of current. Only replicating plasmid DNA could be introduced into M. catarrhalis by electrotransformation, in a type IV pilus-independent manner. Electrotransformation with homologous genomic DNA indicated that restriction of double-stranded DNA was independent of type III restriction-methylation systems. Nontransformability of M. catarrhalis by electrotransformation was observed using double- as well as single-stranded DNA. In addition, the study showed that natural competence is a very constant feature of M. catarrhalis.
Generation and analysis of multiple futures with swarming agents (2010)

Most agent-based modeling techniques generate one trajectory per run, greatly under-sampling the space of possible trajectories. Swarming agents that interact through digital pheromones can explore many alternative futures in parallel, based on an interpretation of pheromone fields as probability fields that yields more information from them than swarming models usually yield, and also facilitates integration with probability-based AI mechanisms.
Cross-plane electronic and thermal transport properties of p-type La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/LaMnO3 perovskite oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices (2012)

Lanthanum strontium manganate (La0.67Sr0.33MnO3, i.e., LSMO)/lanthanum manganate (LaMnO3, i.e., LMO) perovskite oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices were investigated as a potential p-type thermoelectric material. Growth was performed using pulsed laser deposition to achieve epitaxial LSMO (metal)/LMO (p-type semiconductor) superlattices on (100)-strontium titanate (STO) substrates. The magnitude of the in-plane Seebeck coefficient of LSMO thin films (&amp;lt;20 μV/K) is consistent with metallic behavior, while LMO thin films were p-type with a room temperature Seebeck coefficient of 140 μV/K. Thermal conductivity measurements via the photo-acoustic (PA) technique showed that LSMO/LMO superlattices exhibit a room temperature cross-plane thermal conductivity (0.89 W/m·K) that is significantly lower than the thermal conductivity of individual thin films of either LSMO (1.60 W/m·K) or LMO (1.29 W/m·K). The lower thermal conductivity of LSMO/LMO superlattices may help overcome one of the major limitations of oxides as thermoelectrics. In addition to a low cross-plane thermal conductivity, a high ZT requires a high power factor (S2σ). Cross-plane electrical transport measurements were carried out on cylindrical pillars etched in LSMO/LMO superlattices via inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. Cross-plane electrical resistivity data for LSMO/LMO superlattices showed a magnetic phase transition temperature (TP) or metal-semiconductor transition at ∼330 K, which is ∼80 K higher than the TP observed for in-plane resistivity of LSMO, LMO, or LSMO/LMO thin films. The room temperature cross-plane resistivity (ρc) was found to be greater than the in-plane resistivity by about three orders of magnitude. The magnitude and temperature dependence of the cross-plane conductivity of LSMO/LMO superlattices suggests the presence of a barrier with the effective barrier height of ∼300 meV. Although the magnitude of the cross-plane power factor is too low for thermoelectric applications by a factor of approximately 10−4—in part because the growth conditions chosen for this study yielded relatively high resistivity films—the temperature dependence of the resistivity and the potential for tuning the power factor by engineering strain, oxygen stoichiometry, and electronic band structure suggest that these epitaxial metal/semiconductor superlattices are deserving of further investigation.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Itaconic Acid Mono-Esters (2008)

The authors demonstrated optimized conditions to convert various itaconic acid mono-esters into the corresponding succinic acid derivatives with excellent conversion and high enantioselectivities. Using a library of mondentate phophoramidite/phosphate ligands, a large number of reaction conditions were screened using autoclave hydrogenation techniques. Using the optimized reaction conditions the authors demonstrated the asymmetric hydrogenation of their substrates on 1 g scale.
Human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line contains inherently drug-resistant subclones with distinct genotypic and phenotypic features (2002)

The resistance of cancer cells to multiple chemotherapeutic agents poses a major problem in the successful treatment of breast cancer. Whether drug resistance is due to changes induced in the drug-exposed tumor cells or represents the selective growth of one or more drug-resistant clones present in the initial tumor remains controversial. Here we provide evidence that the development of multidrug resistance in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) is a result of propagation of an inherently resistant subclone. The drug-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/DOX) cells exhibited several phenotypic and genotypic features that were notably distinct from those observed in the parental drug-sensitive (MCF-7/WT) cells. The most striking change was the presence of a full-length functional caspase-3 in MCF-7/DOX cells that was missing in the parental MCF-7/WT cells due to a deletion mutation in the caspase-3 gene. A drug-resistant MCF-7 cell subline (MCF-7/WT/DOX) was established by exposing the MCF-7/WT cells directly to a high dose of doxorubicin and used for determining the phenotypic and genotypic alterations associated with drug resistance. The MCF-7/WT/DOX cells exhibited alterations identical to those of the MCF-7/DOX cells but which were strikingly distinct from the parental MCF-7/WT cell line. These results suggest that drug resistance is an inherent property of some cancer cells that are present in the initial tumor burden and exhibit distinct phenotypic/genotypic alterations.
An improved transfer matrix procedure (1974)

Abstract This paper presents an extension to the Matrix Transfer Method which gives quadratic convergence to a natural frequency from within a range on either side. The method is described and illustrated by application to: A torsional vibration problem, and A lumped mass beam vibration problem.
I-seismograph: Observing and measuring Internet earthquakes (2011)

Disruptive events such as large-scale power outages, undersea cable cuts, or Internet worms could cause the Internet to deviate from its normal state of operation. This deviation from normalcy is what we refer to as the “impact” on the Internet, or an “Internet earthquake.” As the Internet is a large, complex moving target, to date there has been little successful research on how to observe and quantify the impact on the Internet, whether it is during specific event periods or in real time. In this paper, we devise an Internet seismograph, or I-seismograph, to provide a “Richter scale” for the Internet. Since routing is the most basic function of the Internet and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto standard inter-domain routing protocol, we focus on BGP. After defining what “impact” means with respect to BGP, we describe how I-seismograph measures the impact, exemplify its usage with several disruptive events, and further validate its accuracy and consistency. We show that we can evaluate the impact on BGP during an arbitrary period, including doing so in real time.
Ethylene analogs of tetrathiafulvalene and tetraselenafulvalene: new donors for organic metals (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthylene analogs of tetrathiafulvalene and tetraselenafulvalene: new donors for organic metalsToyonari Sugimoto, Hiroshi Awaji, Iwao Sugimoto, Yohji Misaki, Tokuzo Kawase, Shigeo Yoneda, Zenichi Yoshida, Tsunetoshi Kobayashi, and Hiroyuki AnzaiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 5, 535–547Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00005a015https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00005a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalytic activity and denaturation of enzymes in water/organic cosolvent mixtures (1989)

The dependence of the catalytic activities of alpha-chymotrypsin and laccase on the concentration of organic cosolvents (alcohols, glycols and formamides) in mixed aqueous media has a pronounced threshold character: it does not change up to a critical concentration of the non-aqueous cosolvents added, yet further increase of the latter (by only a small percentage, by vol.) leads to an abrupt decrease in enzyme activity. Fluorescence studies indicate that the inactivation results from reversible conformational changes (denaturation) of the enzymes. There is a linear correlation between the critical concentration of residual water (at which the enzyme inactivation occurs in a threshold manner) and the hydrophobicity of the organic cosolvents added. A quantitative criterion is suggested for the selection of organic cosolvents to be used for enzymatic reactions in homogeneous water/organic solvent media.
Synthesis and Screening of N-Alkyl Hydroxamates for Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation (2006)

A small library of N-alkylated amino acid-derived sulfonamide hydroxamates was synthesized on solid phase and tested for inhibition of proliferation of the highly invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The most active compound 4317 inhibited cell growth at IC(50) 30 microM. N-alkylation of N-H hydroxamate-based MMP inhibitors, a modification known to eliminate MMP activity, enhanced cell proliferation inhibition potency.
Crowding Alone Cannot Account for Cosolute Effect on Amyloid Aggregation (2011)

Amyloid fiber formation is a specific form of protein aggregation, often resulting from the misfolding of native proteins. Aimed at modeling the crowded environment of the cell, recent experiments showed a reduction in fibrillation halftimes for amyloid-forming peptides in the presence of cosolutes that are preferentially excluded from proteins and peptides. The effect of excluded cosolutes has previously been attributed to the large volume excluded by such inert cellular solutes, sometimes termed "macromolecular crowding". Here, we studied a model peptide that can fold to a stable monomeric β-hairpin conformation, but under certain solution conditions aggregates in the form of amyloid fibrils. Using Circular Dichroism spectroscopy (CD), we found that, in the presence of polyols and polyethylene glycols acting as excluded cosolutes, the monomeric β-hairpin conformation was stabilized with respect to the unfolded state. Stabilization free energy was linear with cosolute concentration, and grew with molecular volume, as would also be predicted by crowding models. After initiating the aggregation process with a pH jump, fibrillation in the presence and absence of cosolutes was followed by ThT fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and CD spectroscopy. Polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) increased the lag time for fibril formation and elevated the amount of aggregated peptide at equilibrium, in a cosolute size and concentration dependent manner. However, fibrillation rates remained almost unaffected by a wide range of molecular weights of soluble polyethylene glycols. Our results highlight the importance of other forces beyond the excluded volume interactions responsible for crowding that may contribute to the cosolute effects acting on amyloid formation.
Gangliosides as Receptors for Cholera Toxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Sendai Virus (1980)

The carbohydrate residues of cell surfaces have been implicated in many cell functions such as cell-cell interactions, immunological specificity, and receptors for bacterial toxins, viruses and hormones. Cell surface carbohydrates reside in both glycoproteins and glycolipids, and it is conceivable that some cell surface properties are determined by carbohydrate groups whether these groups are components of glycolipids and glycoproteins or not. The ABO-blood group substances are an example of glycoconjugates which are both glycolipids and glycoproteins. The gangliosides have recently attracted considerable interest as receptors, not only for bacterial toxins, but also for Sendai virus, interferon and some glycoprotein hormones (1). The major basic carbohydrate structure of gangliosides, the gangliotetraose moiety, has been considered unique for this group of lipids, but future work might show that the same structure might reside in glycoproteins, and then explain findings which are at present difficult to understand. The possibility of gangliosides serving as
T cell‐mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis in aplastic anaemia: the possible role of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α (1991)

The inhibitory activity of T cells on autologous erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) (T cell inhibitory activity) in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) was investigated. In 11 (32.4%) out of 34 AA cases, T cell inhibition on autologous CFU-E growth was greater than that in normal individuals. In order to evaluate the mechanism of this inhibitory activity, T cell surface markers, interferon (IFN) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) liquid culture, and cytokine levels such as IFN and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in CFU-E clot cocultured with T cells, were measured in a portion of the patients. In five patients investigated for IFN production in PBMNC liquid culture, all produced statistically more IFN activity than normal individuals under phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P) stimulation (P less than 0.01) with no relation to T cell inhibitory activity. In only one patient whose T cells displayed increased CD8 and HLA-DR antigen (CD8+HLA-DR+) and inhibitory activity, a significant amount of IFN-gamma was observed in CFU-E clot cocultured with T cells, and the addition of anti-IFN-gamma antibody to the coculture resulted in recovered CFU-E colony growth. These results suggest that IFN-gamma production by T cells may explain, at least in part, the pathogenesis of haematopoietic defects in AA. In other patients however, T cell inhibitory activity neither correlated to the T cell subpopulations (CD4+/CD8+, CD8+HLA-DR+), IFN production in PBMNC liquid culture, nor to IFN and TNF-alpha levels in CFU-E clot culture. The roles played by cytokines other than IFN and TNF-alpha on haematopoietic precursor cells require further evaluation in a larger sample of patients with AA.
Beta‐amyloid and cognitive decline in late middle age: Findings from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study (2016)

In individuals at risk for AD, greater Aβ in late middle age is associated with increased likelihood of MCI at follow-up and steeper rates of cognitive decline.
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein‐1α: A Salivary Biomarker of Bone Loss in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Children at Risk for Aggressive Periodontal Disease? (2008)

The superior sensitivity and specificity of MIP-1alpha, which correlated well with probing depths and the onset of bone loss, suggested that it could be used as an early biomarker for LAgP.
Liveness detection on touchless fingerprint devices using texture descriptors and artificial neural networks (2017)

This paper presents a liveness detection method based on texture descriptors and artificial neural networks, whose objective is to identify potential attempts of spoofing attacks against touchless fingerprinting devices. First, a database was created. It comprises a set of 400 images, from which 200 represent real fingers and 200 represent fake fingers made of beeswax, corn flour play dough, latex, silicone and wood glue, 40 samples each. The artificial neural network classifier is trained and tested in 7 different scenarios. In Scenario 1, there are only two classes, “real finger” and “fake finger”. From Scenarios 2 to 6, six classes are used, but classification is done considering the “real finger” class and each one of the five “fake finger” classes, separately. Finally, in Scenario 7, six classes are used and the classifier must indicate to which of the six classes the acquired sample belongs. Results show that the proposed method achieves its goal, since it correctly detects liveness in almost 100% of cases.
Issues for the Coming Age of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2000)

Awareness of CGM-related issues will likely become an important part of diabetes professional development and perspectives in practice. Identifying and framing the issues before the new technologies become available allow diabetes educators to participate proactively in structuring the emerging policies, procedures, and standards of care.
New Insights into Artichoke Cardiovascular Benefits (2013)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the main causes of death in modern societies and are strictly connected with nutritional factors such as excessive saturated fat consumption. An unhealthy diet, infact, is directly linked with the raising up of the so-called “intermediate risk-factors” which include lipid and glucose dismetabolism, overweight, high blood pressure. The evaluation of WHO epidemiological data clearly show marked differences in CVDs mortality among countries and regions with a particular positive trend associated with Mediterranean diet habits
A 2.0μm pixel pitch MOS image sensor with an amorphous Si film color filter (2005)

A CMOS image sensor with an amorphous Si film color filter is implemented on a standard Si process. The color filter thickness is less than 100 nm. The sensor achieves a 30% aperture ratio by a 1.5 transistor/pixel architecture and a 0.15 /spl mu/m design rule.