gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Different Gasoline Combustion Concepts with Focus on Gas Exchange (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Novel combustion technologies, which de-throttle the gasoline spark ignition (SI) engine, show high potential in reducing the fuel consumption. Technologies like variable valve actuation and/or gasoline direct injection, allow new strategies to run the SI engine unthrottled with early inlet valve closing (SI-VVA), charge stratification (SI-STRAT) and controlled auto ignition (CAI), also known as gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). These diverse combustion concepts show thermodynamic gains that stem from several, often different, sources.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A multitude of definitions of thermodynamic gas exchange potentials arise when looking at the various publications concerning de-throttled combustion concepts. This paper shows a summary and comparison of these definitions and points out which one can be applied in general to evaluate various combustion concepts under the same basis of evaluation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Additionally, a comparison between de-throttled gasoline combustion concepts at two representative engine operating points and a load sweep for the SI-VVA combustion concept is shown to illustrate the different interpretations of thermodynamic analysis of the gas exchange process. Advantages of the different combustion concepts are analyzed using thermodynamic split of losses method, which starts its potential analysis with the ideal constant volume cycle. A combustion concept comparison regarding these thermodynamic potentials, especially concerning gas exchange losses, is also performed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this paper is to propose a clear definition of thermodynamic benefits of de-throttled gasoline combustion concepts.&lt;/div&gt;
Fast and Sensitive NMR Encoding for Reversibly Bound Xenon (2015)

NMR detection of hyperpolarized, reversibly bound xenon using chemical exchange saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) is a relatively new technique with great potential for the detection of dilute molecular targets, e.g. in the context of chemical sensing or molecular imaging. However, the first implementations of Hyper-CEST imaging and spectroscopy (before 2011) were still limited by relatively long acquisition times and the need for a highly consistent xenon delivery to the object (or subject) of interest. In this thesis, we present various tools to tackle these issues from a signal encoding perspective: (1) Multi-echo single-shot MRI readouts for Hyper-CEST to make efficient use of the available hyperpolarized magnetization and to accelerate the measurement process, (2) principal component analysis based data post- processing and sub-sampled data acquisition to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of spectral Hyper-CEST image series, (3) gradient encoding of the saturation frequencies to strongly accelerate in vitro CEST spectroscopy (ultrafast CEST), and (4) shared magnetization after single hyperpolarization with CEST (smashCEST) to enable both Hyper-CEST imaging and spectroscopy also under conditions where the number of xenon deliveries has to be minimized due to time or signal stability restrictions. Utilizing these tools, we demonstrate new Hyper-CEST applications: For instance the monitoring of dynamic processes such as enzymatic reactions or contrast agent diffusion, and fast and sensitive spectral Hyper-CEST imaging to enable multiplexing of different contrast agents. As some of these tools have additionally been applied successfully in several other projects of our research group (e.g. the first live-cell tracking with Hyper-CEST), we are convinced that they might help to further extend the scope of molecular sensing applications using hyperpolarized xenon, eventually also in the context of future in vivo studies. Notably, many of the techniques presented in this thesis might also be of use for conventional CEST NMR and MRI applications using thermally polarized protons.
Deployment Modeling of an Inflatable Solar Sail Spacecraft (2006)

A simp le model for the dynamic response of an inflatable solar sailcraft during deployment has been developed and tested for several distinct scenarios. The basic kinematics for the model were formulated in a deliberate manner that in future studies will allow s ystematic increases in model fidelity (and complexity) while at the same time leading to a straightforward implementation as a state space model in Matlab/Simulink. Despite the low order of the current model, clear trends were evident. The results expose t he existence of deployment conditions that have a destabilizing effect on a flexible sailcraft which is not seen in a similar rigid -body spacecraft. Future work with higher order models will provide further insight into these conditions so that, ultimately , a robust deployment can be guaranteed.
A 0.9-V 0.2-μW CMOS single-opamp-based switched-opamp ΣΔ modulator for pacemaker applications (2003)

A 3/sup rd/-order lowpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator operating with a 0.9-V supply voltage is realized with a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. To achieve ultra-low-power and tiny-chip-area design, single-opamp-based /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator architecture is proposed and implemented with switched-opamp technique. Employing a novel opamp design with three switching output pairs, the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator achieves a SNR of 75dB at an ultra low power consumption of 0.2/spl mu/W, which is more than an order lower than existing designs.
Tracking down software bugs using automatic anomaly detection (2002)

This paper introduces DIDUCE, a practical and effective tool that aids programmers in detecting complex program errors and identifying their root causes. By instrumenting a program and observing its behavior as it runs, DIDUCE dynamically formulates hypotheses of invariants obeyed by the program. DIDUCE hypothesizes the strictest invariants at the beginning, and gradually relaxes the hypothesis as violations are detected to allow for new behavior. The violations reported help users to catch software bugs as soon as they occur. They also give programmers new visibility into the behavior of the programs such as identifying rare corner cases in the program logic or even locating hidden errors that corrupt the program's results.We implemented the DIDUCE system for Java programs and applied it to four programs of significant size and complexity. DIDUCE succeeded in identifying the root causes of programming errors in each of the programs quickly and automatically. In particular, DIDUCE is effective in isolating a timing-dependent bug in a released JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) library, which would have taken an experienced programmer days to find. Our experience suggests that detecting and checking program invariants dynamically is a simple and effective methodology for debugging many different kinds of program errors across a wide variety of application domains.
Optimal Gabor filters for high speed face identification (2003)

This paper describes a fast face identification method with Gabor filters. Two efforts are made to achieve the acceptable processing speed: 1) we design the optimal Gabor filters with the arrangement theory that uses a few directions and layers; and 2) the transformation with Gabor filters (called Gabor transformation) is only done over the regions around the facial feature points, not the whole input image. The facial feature points extraction is performed by detecting the facial organ regions with color information and edge information, followed by, the corner detection in each detected facial organ region with the SUSAN operator.
Establishing the suitability of model‐integrated evidence to demonstrate bioequivalence for long‐acting injectable and implantable drug products: Summary of workshop (2023)

On November 30, 2021, the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) and the Center for Research on Complex Generics (CRCG) hosted a virtual public workshop titled "Establishing the Suitability of Model-Integrated Evidence (MIE) to Demonstrate Bioequivalence for Long-Acting Injectable and Implantable (LAI) Drug Products." This workshop brought relevant parties from the industry, academia, and the FDA in the field of modeling and simulation to explore, identify, and recommend best practices on utilizing MIE for bioequivalence (BE) assessment of LAI products. This report summerized presentations and panel discussions for topics including challenges and opportunities in development and assessment of generic LAI products, current status of utilizing MIE, recent research progress of utilizing MIE in generic LAI products, alternative designs for BE studies of LAI products, and model validation/verification strategies associated with different types of MIE approaches.
Mechanistic considerations for the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. (2014)

Since the approval of rituximab in 1997, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an increasingly important component of therapeutic regimens in oncology. The success of mAbs as a therapeutic class is a result of great strides that have been made in molecular biology and in biotechnology over the past several decades. Currently, there are 14 approved mAb products for oncology indications, and there are ten additional mAbs in late stages of clinical trials. Compared to traditional chemotherapeutic agents, mAbs have several advantages, including a long circulating half-life and high target specificity. Antibodies can serve as cytotoxic agents when administered alone, exerting a pharmacologic effect through several mechanisms involving the antigen binding (Fab) and/or Fc domains of the molecule, and mAbs may also be utilized as drug carriers, targeting a toxic payload to cancer cells. The extremely high affinity of mAbs for their targets, which is desirable with respect to pharmacodynamics (i.e., contributing to the high therapeutic selectivity of mAb), often leads to complex, non-linear, target-mediated pharmacokinetics. In this report, we summarize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of mAbs that have been approved and of mAbs that are near approval for oncology indications, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for their disposition and efficacy.
Exploration of New Phosphors Using a Mineral-Inspired Approach in Combination with Solution Parallel Synthesis (2013)

The concept, as well as the methodology of using a mineral-inspired approach in combination with solution parallel synthesis (SPS) for exploration of new phosphors among Na/Sr(Ba)/Al-silicate and Zr(Ti)-silicate minerals, is reported. By employing the proposed approach, we have discovered new phosphors of NaAlSiO 4 :Eu 2+ and BaZrSi 3 O 9 :Eu 2+ , that emit green-yellow (553 nm) and blue-green (480 nm) light, respectively, when excited by radiation of 290 to 420 nm.
Darlucins A and B, New Isocyanide Antibiotics from Sphaerellopsis filum(Darluca filum). (1995)

Two new xanthocillin type antibiotics, darlucin A (1) and B (2), were isolated from fermentations of Sphaerellopsis filum (Darluca filum). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The darlucins are the first known compounds with a 1,2-diisocyanoalkene moiety. Both compounds exhibited antibacterial, antifungal and weak cytotoxic activities.
Methanol Conversion to Dimethyl Ether over H-SAPO-34 Catalyst (2009)

The process of methanol conversion to dimethyl ether over an H-SAPO-34 molecular sieve was studied, using the catalyst as synthesized or formulated in an alumina matrix. The experiments were performed on the temperature interval 100−250 °C, liquid space velocities of 1−5 h−1, and pressures between 1 and 10 bar. The results evidenced a high catalytic activity of the H-SAPO-34 molecular sieve, providing in these conditions a practically total methanol transformation to dimethyl ether. Also, a special run, performed at 180 °C, with an output composition close to chemical equilibrium, showed no significant change of catalyst activity during an on-stream time of 50 h, this proving a good stability and resistance to deactivation. A published rate expression for the methanol dehydration reaction was selected and adapted to describe the experimentally observed process kinetics.
Impact analysis for distributed event-based systems (2012)

Distributed event-based (DEB) systems contain highly-decoupled components that interact by exchanging messages via implicit invocation, thus allowing flexible system composition and adaptation. At the same time, these inherently desirable properties render a DEB system more difficult to understand and evolve since, in the absence of explicit dependency information, an engineer has to assume that any component in the system may potentially interact with, and thus depend on, any other component. Software analysis techniques that have been used successfully in traditional, explicit invocation-based systems are of little use in this domain. In order to aid the understandability of, and assess the impact of changes in, DEB systems, we propose Helios, a technique that combines component-level (1) control-flow and (2) state-based dependency analysis with system-level (3) structural analysis to produce a complete and accurate message dependence graph for a system. We have applied Helios to applications constructed on top of four different message-oriented middleware platforms. We summarize the results of several such applications. We demonstrate that Helios enables effective impact analysis and quantify its improvements over existing alternatives.
Switching and metastability in singularly perturbed, nonlinear differential equations (1979)

We examine deterministic, nonlinear, singularly perturbed differential equations whose fast time scale behavior exhibits metastability: long periods of stability separated by rapid transitions between equilibria. The slow time scale behavior exhibits switching: discontinuous (and in some cases, nondeterministic) jumps. Metastability and switching can occur in many systems which are large collections of coupled, nonlinear subsystems such as one finds in models of electric generators coupled together by a transmission network. The approach taken here, based on bifurcation analysis, extends conventional asymptotic approximations (e.g., singular perturbation or multiple time scale analysis) to a large class of essentially non-linear systems including some multimachine models used in power system analysis. This approach also identifies some sources of nondeterminisim in otherwise deterministic-seeming systems, and it suggests new random and nondeterministic reduced order models of such systems.
Crystal structure of the cystine C-S lyase from Synechocystis : Stabilization of cysteine persulfide for FeS cluster biosynthesis (2000)

FeS clusters are versatile cofactors of a variety of proteins, but the mechanisms of their biosynthesis are still unknown. The cystine C-S lyase from Synechocystis has been identified as a participant in ferredoxin FeS cluster formation. Herein, we report on the crystal structure of the lyase and of a complex with the reaction products of cystine cleavage at 1.8- and 1.55-A resolution, respectively. The sulfur-containing product was unequivocally identified as cysteine persulfide. The reactive persulfide group is fixed by a hydrogen bond to His-114 in the center of a hydrophobic pocket and is thereby shielded from the solvent. Binding and stabilization of the cysteine persulfide represent an alternative to the generation of a protein-bound persulfide by NifS-like proteins and point to the general importance of persulfidic compounds for FeS cluster assembly.
Engine Cambore Distortion Analysis From Design to Manufacturing (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The cambore distortion is one of major concerns of an engine performance. A good design does not ensure a quality product. To meet product performance requirements, engineering community turns efforts to both design and manufacturing at an early stage of product development. This paper will discuss this process by providing an example of design and manufacturing of an overhead cambore. In this study a methodology to evaluate bore distortions is introduced. FEA cambore distortion analysis will use it to provide necessary data so that the product team can make a sound decision.&lt;/div&gt;
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF CHAOS IN CHUA’S CIRCUIT VIA TUNNELS (1994)

In this letter, we propose a new experimental method for converting a chaotic attractor in Chua’s circuit to a periodic orbit. A tunnel mechanism is used to achieve this conversion. Using this method, we were able to demonstrate experimentally that periodic orbits of very high periods (e.g., greater than 30) can be robustly stabilized.
Optimization of the thermoelectric properties in self-substituted Fe2VAl (2023)

Thermoelectric properties were determined in self-substituted ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ Heusler alloys $({\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$, $\ensuremath{-}0.1&lt;x&lt;0.1)$, pursuing the goal of their optimization. A parabolic band model fitted to experimental plots of Seebeck coefficient versus charge carrier concentration at 220 K yielded values of the density of states (DOS) effective mass, ${m}_{v}^{*}=3.2{m}_{e}$ and ${m}_{c}^{*}=13.7{m}_{e}$ for the holes and electrons, respectively (${m}_{e}$ is the bare electron mass). The measured Sommerfeld coefficient of the electronic specific heat is consistently smaller in $p$-type ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{0.92}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1.08}$ $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{p}=7.8\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mo}{\mathrm{l}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ than in $n$-type ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{1.07}{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.93}$ $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{n}=11.5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mo}{\mathrm{l}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$. First-principles calculations of the DOS lead to the theoretical values ${m}_{v}^{*}=2.4{m}_{e}$, ${m}_{c}^{*}=13.0{m}_{e}$, and $\frac{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{n}}{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{p}}=1.9$, in good agreement with the experimental values. These direct comparisons of calculations with experiments unambiguously show that the heavy electrons arise from flat Fe ${e}_{g}$ conduction bands. Calculations of the optimum thermoelectric power factor $(PF)$ show that it is nearly reached experimentally in $n$-type ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{1.03}{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.97}$ ($PF=6.6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for $n=1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{21}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) whereas $p$-type ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{V}}_{0.985}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1.015}$ ($PF=2.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ at $p=6.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) is not yet optimum. The easier optimization of the thermoelectric properties in $n$-type self-substituted ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ can be traced back to the larger effective DOS mass of its electrons.
Hybrid Access Network Architecture (2015)

Residential and Enterprise customers require continuously increasing
bandwidth, however it may be difficult for operators to update or
rebuild existing fixed access networks, especially when they are
deployed in certain areas. This document discusses a general way to
address this problem by bundling together multiple heterogeneous
access networks according to certain management policies.
Assessment of de novo copy-number variations in Italian patients with schizophrenia: Detection of putative mutations involving regulatory enhancer elements (2017)

These findings provide further evidence for the involvement of de novo CNVs in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and suggest that CNVs affecting regulatory enhancer elements could contribute to the genetic vulnerability to the disorder.
Single molecule analysis of light-regulated RNA:spiropyran interactions (2014)

The photo-regulated interactions between an RNA aptamer and photochromic spiropyran were investigated at a single-molecule level via an α-hemolysin nanopore. Upon irradiation of alternating UV/visible light, the translocation process of the RNA aptamer could be optically tuned on account of its different binding affinity with two photoisomers, spiropyran and merocyanine. This provides a general analytic model for understanding the mechanism of a photo-regulated biomolecule conformational change at a single-molecule level.
Oncogenèse et acétylation des histones (1999)

La proliferation cellulaire, normale ou tumorale, implique l’activation, au niveau de la transcription, de programmes genetiques specifiques. De nombreuses etudes ont mis en evidence un lien entre la transcription et la structure chromatinienne. En particulier certaines enzymes, les histones desacetylases et les histones acetyl-transferases, qui modifient les queues N-terminales des histones nucleosomales jouent un role dans la regulation transcriptionnelle. Cette synthese fait le point sur les differentes etapes cles du controle de la proliferation cellulaire dans lesquelles sont impliquees ces enzymes. Sont egalement decrites les tumeurs, en particulier leucemies, dans lesquelles ces enzymes sont mises en cause.
Genome mining and characterisation of a novel transaminase with remote stereoselectivity (2019)

Abstract Microbial enzymes from pristine niches can potentially deliver disruptive opportunities in synthetic routes to Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and intermediates in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Advances in green chemistry technologies and the importance of stereochemical control, further underscores the application of enzyme-based solutions in chemical synthesis. The rich tapestry of microbial diversity in the oceanic ecosystem encodes a capacity for novel biotransformations arising from the chemical complexity of this largely unexplored bioactive reservoir. Here we report a novel ω-transaminase discovered in a marine sponge Pseudovibrio sp. isolate. Remote stereoselection using a transaminase has been demonstrated for the first time using this novel protein. Application to the resolution of an intermediate in the synthesis of sertraline highlights the synthetic potential of this novel biocatalyst discovered through genomic mining. Integrated chemico-genomics revealed a unique substrate profile, while molecular modelling provided structural insights into this ‘first in class’ selectivity at a remote chiral centre.