gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser Induces Pulpal Analgesia (2012)

This double-blind, randomized, clinical trial investigated the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of neural inhibition of pulsed Nd:YAG laser induction of pulpal analgesia compared with 5% EMLA anesthetic cream. Forty-four paired premolars from 44 orthodontic patients requiring bilateral premolar extraction from either dental arch were randomly assigned to the 'Laser plus Sham-EMLA' or 'EMLA plus Sham-Laser' treatment group. Analgesia was tested by an Electric Pulp Tester (EPT) and the cutting of a standardized cavity, which was terminated when participants reported sensitivity, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and numbness were recorded. Statistical analyses were done by paired t test, McNemar's test, and a chi-squared test (p < 0.05). Sixty-eight percent of laser- and 59% of EMLA-treated teeth had completed cavities with statistically significant EPT increases above baseline. No significant within-patient differences were found for either group. No laser-treated participants reported numbness. The trial confirmed that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser effectively induced pulpal analgesia, by suppression of intradental nerve responses to electrical and mechanical stimuli. Such a laser provides an alternative for dental pain management (ANZ-Clinical Trial Registry: N12611001099910).
The &#x201C;weak spots&#x201D; in stacked UHF RFID tags in NFC applications (2010)

In near-field (NF) applications, stacked UHF RFID tags are known to be less readable than the stand-alone tags. It is also intuitively known that ¿weak spots¿ exist when more tags are stacked together, especially when the tags are placed closer to each other. However, ¿weak spots¿ in NF-RFID had not been theoretically analyzed in the past, nor had the phenomena been quantitatively measured. In this paper, we show that the ¿weak spots¿ are mainly the results of mutual coupling between the tag antennas in NF, we also demonstrate that the profiles of the weak spots are strongly determined by the separation between tags, and they are not monotonically distributed along the stack, i.e., weakest spots are not necessarily on the far end or the center of the stack. To verify our analysis, EM tool simulation and lab measurements are conducted, the results from theoretical calculation, simulation and experiments agree with each other nicely.
Expression of a rice chitinase gene enhances antifungal potential in transgenic grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) (2015)

To enhance the antifungal potential of grapevine, transgenic plants were generated by transferring rice chitinase gene under a maize-ubiquitin promoter along with its first intron into the leaf disc-induced somatic embryos via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. After co-cultivation for 2 days with recombinant Agrobacterium, somatic embryos were transferred onto WPM medium containing BAP 1.5 μM and NAA 0.1 μM supplemented with 25 mg/L hygromycin. Secondary or tertiary embryos were selected and the antibiotic resistant transgenic plantlets were analyzed. The integration and stability of the transgene were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR, Southern blotting and by Western blot analyses. The transgenic plants exhibited higher chitinase activity than the non-transformed plants. These analyses indicated that the foreign gene was translated into the protein of expected molecular weight that showed chitinase activity. Following in vitro inoculation of powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), the transgenic plants showed delayed onset of the disease and smaller lesions. The transgenic plants were adapted to the greenhouse and did not show any phenotypic alterations.
Adaptive fuzzy filtering for audio applications using a neuro-fuzzy modelization (2002)

The paper describes a new denoising technique particularly suited for audio signals affected by white noise. The filtering algorithm is based on adaptive fuzzy rules taking into consideration the local temporal signal characteristics in order to estimate the noise components and consequently eliminate them. For a correct initial setting of the membership functions parameters describing the variables involved in the fuzzy processing, a pre-processing phase based on a neuro-fuzzy network has been implemented. The results of this nonlinear approach compared with classical filtering techniques are found to be attractive especially for non-stationary signals.
Development of a sensitive assay for SERCA activity using FRET detection of ADP (2014)

Various isoforms of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase (SERCA) regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostatic balance in both the heart (SERCA2a) and skeletal muscle (SERCA1a). Ca<sup>2+</sup> plays a key role in these tissues as an intracellular signal that controls contractility. Due to its key role in the contractility cycle, SERCA is emerging as a promising pharmacological target to modulate heart muscle function. SERCA function is regulated by its endogenous inhibitor phospholamban (PLN). Upon binding, PLN decreases SERCA's apparent affinity for Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Therefore the interaction between PLN and SERCA has an important role in determining both physiological and pathological conditions. Quantifying the inhibitory potency of PLN is of great importance in understanding the pathophysiology of heart muscle. Traditionally, SERCA activity assays have been performed using a PK/LDH-coupled enzyme reaction, which suffers from limited sensitivity. We have developed a new SERCA activity assay based on the direct detection of the product ADP via time resolved FRET (TR-FRET). Under optimized conditions, our assay reduced the amount of SERCA required to perform the assay 1,000-fold. Inter-day reproducibility was shown to be excellent for SERCA preparations in either detergent (C<sub>12</sub>E<sub>8</sub>) or reconstituted lipids. The inhibitory effect of PLN on SERCA measured under the low-concentration conditions of our assay allowed us to more accurately investigate the binding between PLN and SERCA. Significant inhibitory effects of PLN were observed even at mid-nanomolar concentrations significantly lower than previous K<sub>d</sub> estimates for the SERCA-PLN complex.
Search for two-neutrino 2K capture in 124Xe: the method and preliminary results (2018)

The technique used in the experiment in the search for the process of 2K2ν-capture in 124Xe using large high-pressure proportional counters is briefly described. The measurements with a xenon sample enriched to 21% (or ~57 g) of the 124Xe isotope carried out for 3340 hours yielded a zero signal. The resultant upper limit on the 124Xe half-life with respect to the 2ν-mode of the nuclear capture of two K-shell electrons amounts to T1/2>4.6 1021 yr at the 90% confidence level.
Ultrashort pulse electron gun with a MHz repetition rate (2009)

We report the construction of an electron gun emitting ultrashort pulses with a repetition rate of 2.7 MHz. The gun works at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV and is operated with a laser oscillator having an ultralong cavity. A low number of electrons per pulse eliminates space charge broadening. Electron yield and beam profiles are measured for operation with laser wavelengths of 800, 400, and 266 nm. The initial energy spread of the electrons is determined for these three wavelengths, and pulse durations of 600, 390, and 270 fs are inferred from the data.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BRACHIDINIUM CAPITATUM (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO INDICATES MEMBERSHIP IN THE KARENIACEAE1 (2011)

Brachidinium capitatum F. J. R. Taylor, typically considered a rare oceanic dinoflagellate, and one which has not been cultured, was observed at elevated abundances (up to 65 cells · mL(-1) ) at a coastal station in the western Gulf of Mexico in the fall of 2007. Continuous data from the Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) provided cell images that documented the bloom during 3 weeks in early November. Guided by IFCB observations, field collection permitted phylogenetic analysis and evaluation of the relationship between Brachidinium and Karenia. Sequences from SSU, LSU, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and cox1 regions for B. capitatum were compared with five other species of Karenia; all B. capitatum sequences were unique but supported its placement within the Kareniaceae. From a total of 71,487 images, data on the timing and frequency of dividing cells was also obtained for B. capitatum, allowing the rate of division for B. capitatum to be estimated. The maximum daily growth rate estimate was 0.22 d(-1) . Images showed a range in morphological variability, with the position of the four major processes highly variable. The combination of morphological features similar to the genus Karenia and a phylogenetic analysis placing B. capitatum in the Karenia clade leads us to propose moving the genus Brachidinium into the Kareniaceae. However, the lack of agreement among individual gene phylogenies suggests that the inclusion of different genes and more members of the genus Karenia are necessary before a final determination regarding the validity of the genus Brachidinium can be made.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Irciniastatin A (Psymberin). (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discrete Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Schrödinger-Type Equations. Construction and Error Analysis (2003)

When a partial differential equation in an unbounded domain is solved numerically, it is necessary to introduce artificial boundary conditions. In this paper, a general class of absorbing boundary conditions is constructed for one-dimensional Schrödinger-type equations discretized in space by finite differences. For this, rational approximations to the transparent boundary conditions are used. We study the simplest case in detail, obtaining an estimate for the full discrete error and showing that the discrete problem is weakly unstable. Moreover, we show numerically that the discrete problems associated to higher order absorbing boundary conditions are more unstable. Several numerical experiments confirm the results previously obtained.
Turbo-coded optical recording channels with DVD minimum mark size (2002)

Recent work on turbo codes applied to partial response (PR) optical recording channels has focused on unconstrained channels. In this paper, we consider the application of turbo codes to a (1,7) constrained, PR-equalized optical recording channel with digital versatile disc (DVD) parameters. The addition of a (1,7) run-length-limited (RLL) constraint requires the use of a soft RLL decoder to communicate with the turbo code. Although soft RLL decoders were previously developed for use with iterative decoding, application to a practical optical channel has not been addressed until now. Here, results on both correlated noise and media noise optical recording channel models are given for two PR targets, 1+D and 1+D+D/sup 2/+D/sup 3/. We achieved coding gains of 4 to 6.3 dB over a baseline RLL-coded system. We also evaluated system performance at smaller mark sizes, and found that density gains of 17% and 22% are achievable for the two targets, respectively.
Phthalocyanine-Functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles as Anion Chemosensors (2021)

Anionic species are one of the most common pollutants in residual and freshwaters. The presence of anthropogenic anions in water drastically increases the toxicity to living beings. Here, we report the preparation of a new optical active material based on tri(tosylamino)phthalocyanines grafted to ferromagnetic silica nanoparticles for anion detection and removal. The new unsymmetrical phthalocyanines (Pcs) proved to be excellent chemosensors for several anions (AcO-, Br-, Cl-, CN-, F-, H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>-, HSO<sub>4</sub>-, NO<sub>2</sub>-, NO<sub>3</sub>-, and OH-) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, the Pcs were grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles. The resulting novel hybrid material showed selectivity and sensitivity towards CN-, F-, and OH- anions in DMSO with limit of detection (LoD) of ≈4.0 µM. In water, the new hybrid chemosensor demonstrated selectivity and sensitivity for CN- and OH- anions with LoD of ≈0.2 µM. The new hybrids are easily recovered using a magnet, allowing recyclability and reusability, after acidic treatment, without losing the sensing proprieties.
Mini ReviewNegative regulation of PTK signalling by Cbl proteins (2005)

Signalling pathways that are activated by ligands binding to cell surface receptors are responsible for determining many aspects of cellular function and fate. Although this outcome is primarily determined by the nature of the ligand and its receptor, it is also essential that the array of intracellular enzymes, adaptor proteins and transcription factors are correctly assembled to convey the intended response. In recent years it has become apparent that proteins which regulate the amplitude and duration of these responses can also affect cell function and fate. The Cbl family of E3 ubiquitin ligases and adaptor proteins have now emerged as key negative regulators of signals from many surface receptors. Although the array of these receptors is diverse, they have a common link in that they either possess a tyrosine kinase domain or they form associations with cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). Thus Cbl proteins become involved in signaling responses at a time when PTKs are first activated and therefore provide an initial line of defense to ensure signaling responses proceed at the desired intensity and kinetics.
Sex Pheromone of the Queen Butterfly: Chemistry (1969)

Two major components in the "hairpencil" secretion of the male of the queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus berenice) have been identified. One, a crystalline ketone (2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-1H-pyrrolizin-1-one), is known from another danaid butterfly. The other, a viscous terpenoid alcohol (trans, trans-3,7-dimethyldeca-2,6-dien-1,10-diol), is new; its structure is confirmed by an unambiguous synthesis.
Lost in Network Address Translation (2015)

To understand whether the promise of Network Function Virtualization can be accomplished in practice, we set out to create a software version of the simplest middlebox that keeps per flow state: the NAT. While there is a lot of literature in the wide area of SDN in general and in scaling middleboxes, we find that by aiming to create a NAT good enough to compete with hardware appliances requires a lot more care than we had thought when we started our work. In particular, limitations of OpenFlow switches force us to rethink load balancing in a way that does not involve the centralized controller at all. The result is a solution that can sustain, on six low-end commodity boxes, a throughput of 40Gbps with 64B packets, on par with industrial offerings but at a third of the cost.
Accelerated versus standard epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil or capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in the randomised UK TACT2 trial (CRUK/05/19): a multicentre, phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial (2017)

Cancer Research UK, Amgen, Pfizer, and Roche.
Novel mutations of PKD genes in the Czech population with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2014)

Probable pathogenic mutation was detected in 71% of screened patients. Determination of PKD mutations and their type and localization within corresponding genes could help to assess clinical prognosis of ADPKD patients and has major benefit for prenatal and/or presymptomatic or preimplantational diagnostics in affected families as well.
Poly(I:C)-induced responses in nasal and bronchial epithelial cells of patients with asthma and healthy controls (2011)

Rationale: The majority of asthmatic exacerbations is associated with respiratory virus infection (Busse, Lancet 2010). Since airway epithelium is the primary site of a viral entry, we hypothesized that nasal and bronchial epithelium are equally responsive to respiratory viruses when measured as cytokine responses to poly(I:C). Aim: We compared baseline cell activity and induced responses of primary human nasal and bronchial epithelial cells to poly(I:C) in allergic asthmatics and healthy controls. Materials and method: This was a 2-group study in 8 allergic asthmatics (defined by GINA, PC 20 &lt;8 mg/ml) with rhinitis (defined by ARIA) and 8 healthy volunteers. Cultures were exposed for 24 hours to culture medium alone (baseline), or containing poly(I:C). Cytokine production was measured by Multiplex ELISA for 30 mediators and analysed by parametric analysis corrected for multiple testing. Results: There were no significant between-group or between-upper and lower airway differences in baseline cell activity. Exposure to poly(I:C) induced up-regulation of several cytokines with no significant between-group differences. Asthmatics showed a higher activity for MIP-1b (p=0.009), MIP-1a (p=0.003), MCP-1 (p=0.038), and TNF-α (p=0.05) in nasal as compared to bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusion: Expression is highly variable in individual subjects, and asthmatics demonstrate higher expression for MIP-1b, MIP-1a, MCP-1 and TNF-α in nasal versus bronchial epithelial cells after stimulation with poly(I:C). Our findings suggest that nasal and bronchial epithelium exhibit differential responses to double-stranded RNA, and thereby to viral infection.
A space-charge based method for the estimation of apparent mobility and trap depth as markers for insulation degradation-theoretical basis and experimental validation (2003)

Assuming that aging of polymeric insulation consists of irreversible chemical-physical and microstructural modifications, effective ageing markers could be achieved from measurements of properties, which should vary with material microstructure. Among these properties this paper focuses on the estimation of apparent trap-controlled mobility and trap distribution, based on the results of space charge measurements. The depolarization characteristic obtained recording space charge magnitude when, after poling, electric field is removed and electrodes are short-circuited and grounded, is the experimental reference for the application of the expressions for apparent trap-controlled mobility and trap depth calculation derived in this paper. A simple relationship is proposed for apparent mobility, which is affected by significant approximations, but can be applied successfully for material characterization and aging investigation. It is applied to experimental results coming from space charge measurements carried out by the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique on cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) specimens, unaged and aged, cut from high-voltage cables. The trap depth distribution is calculated for the same material, and the results are cross-correlated with mobility estimates, revealing good agreement. Both apparent trap-controlled mobility and trap depth distribution reveal noticeable modifications with aging. The proposed methodology permits finding information on charge trapping/detrapping processes in polymeric materials, using a simple experimental procedure, as well as to extract quantities that seem very attractive as aging markers.
A law of large numbers for limit order books (2015)

We define a stochastic model of a two-sided limit order book in terms of its key quantities \textit{best bid [ask] price} and the \textit{standing buy [sell] volume density}. For a simple scaling of the discreteness parameters, that keeps the expected volume rate over the considered price interval invariant, we prove a limit theorem. The limit theorem states that, given regularity conditions on the random order flow, the key quantities converge in probability to a tractable continuous limiting model. In the limit model the buy and sell volume densities are given as the unique solution to first-order linear hyperbolic PDEs, specified by the expected order flow parameters.
Light Leakage Behaviors of Homogenously Aligned Liquid Crystal Layers Placed between Crossed Polarizers (2008)

We investigated the light leakage behaviors homogeneously aligned liquid crystal layers placed between crossed polarizers using a backlight unit with diffused light to reduce the transmittance in the black state in in-plane liquid crystal displays. The light leakage intensity was clearly proportional to a specific variable (Scell) consisting of the ordinary refractive index no, the extraordinary refractive index ne, their difference Δn, the elastic constant K, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layers d. A high elastic constant and a low Δn can result in a low light leakage intensity.
Distance Based Cooperation Region for D2D Pair (2015)

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is being considered an important traffic offloading mechanism for future cellular networks. Coupled with pro-active device caching, it offers huge potential for capacity and coverage enhancements. In order to ensure maximum capacity enhancement, number of nodes for direct communication needs to be identified. In this paper, we derive analytic expression that relates number of D2D nodes (i.e., D2D user density) and average coverage probability of reference D2D receiver. Using stochastic geometry and poisson point process, we introduce retention probability within cooperation region and shortest distance based selection criterion to precisely quantify interference due to D2D pairs in coverage area. The simulation setup and numerical evaluation validates the closed-form expression.
Evaluating system dependability in a co-design framework (2000)

The widespread adoption of embedded microprocessor-based systems for safety critical applications mandates the use of co-design tools able to evaluate system dependability at every step of the design cycle. In this paper, we describe how fault injection techniques have been integrated in an existing co-design tool and which advantages come from the availability of such an enhanced tool. The effectiveness of the proposed tool is assessed on a simple case study.
Indoor Mapping and Positioning using Augmented Reality (2019)

Location-based services are becoming an important part of life and there is an increasing demand for indoor positioning. Combination of GPS and mobile cellular networks has solved the problem for outdoor environments. However, the same level of precision has not been achieved for indoor location estimation. The problem of locating an indoor environment has been studied only recently. Much research contributed to the innovative concept of an indoor positioning system. Considering the cost and the effort involved in the existing location estimation approaches, Augmented Reality (AR) based positioning method is one of the most promising methods to determine the location of a mobile device. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose, implement, and evaluate an AR-based location estimation smartphone application that can be used indoors. The evaluation results show indicate that the proposed application can estimate the location in small areas with an error-rate of 0.31 meters and in large areas with error-rate of 7.8 meters.