gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innate Immunity in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Complex Affair (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by three major histopathological hallmarks: β-amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis. While neglected for decades, the neuroinflammatory processes coordinated by microglia are now accepted as etiologic events in AD evolution. Microglial cells are found in close vicinity to amyloid plaques and display various activation phenotypes determined by the expression of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, and innate immune surface receptors. During the development of AD pathology, microglia fail to restrict amyloid plaques and may contribute to neurotoxicity and cognitive deficit. Nevertheless, under specific activation states, microglia can participate in cerebral amyloid clearance. This review focuses on the complex relationship between microglia and Aβ pathology, and highlights both deleterious and beneficial roles of microglial activation states in the context of AD. A deeper understanding of microglial biology will hopefully pave the way for next-generation AD therapeutic approaches aimed at harnessing these enigmatic innate immune cells of the central nervous system.
A new proliferation marker, minichromosome maintenance protein 2, is associated with tumor aggressiveness in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2003)

MCM2 may be a more reliable and useful marker than Ki-67 in assessing the growth of normal and tumor cells and in evaluating tumor aggressiveness and prognostic value in patients with esophageal SCC.
A Widely Distributed Bacterial Pathway for Siderophore Biosynthesis Independent of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases (2005)

Catch Fe if you can. Many siderophores are peptides biosynthesised by the well-studied nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) multienzyme family. However, recent research has demonstrated that several siderophores, for example desferrioxamine E, are assembled via an NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS) pathway. In this minireview, research progress to date on the NIS pathway is summarised, and the distribution and mechanistic rationalisations of the pathway are analysed.
Improving Color-Difference Formulas Using Visual Data (2010)

We propose a method to improve existing color-difference formulas with additional visual data from color discrimination experiments. Color-difference formulas are treated as mean functions of Gaussian processes, and the visual data are considered as observations of these processes. Gaussian process regression is applied to predict unknown color differences. The method was evaluated with a combination of the CIEDE2000 color-difference formula and the RIT-DuPont dataset. The standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) index between visual and computed color differences was determined for several sets of visual data. The results show a STRESS index of 6.94 (CIEDE2000: 19.47) for the RIT-DuPont dataset. The prediction performance on other visual data (BFD, Leeds, Witt) is not significantly different from CIEDE2000 at a 95% confidence level.
Causal signals between codon bias, mRNA structure, and the efficiency of translation and elongation (2014)

Ribosome profiling data report on the distribution of translating ribosomes, at steady-state, with codon-level resolution. We present a robust method to extract codon translation rates and protein synthesis rates from these data, and identify causal features associated with elongation and translation efficiency in physiological conditions in yeast. We show that neither elongation rate nor translational efficiency is improved by experimental manipulation of the abundance or body sequence of the rare AGG tRNA. Deletion of three of the four copies of the heavily used ACA tRNA shows a modest efficiency decrease that could be explained by other rate-reducing signals at gene start. This suggests that correlation between codon bias and efficiency arises as selection for codons to utilize translation machinery efficiently in highly translated genes. We also show a correlation between efficiency and RNA structure calculated both computationally and from recent structure probing data, as well as the Kozak initiation motif, which may comprise a mechanism to regulate initiation.
Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-c]acridines (1999)

The synthesis of 6-amino-3-benzylpyrrolo[2,3-c]acridine (9) and its 8,9-dimethoxy derivative (10) from N-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one and anthranilonitriles, via imine formation followed by cyclization and aromatisation, is described.
Binding of the aminothiol WR-1065 to transcription factors influences cellular response to anticancer drugs. (2001)

The aminothiol WR-1065 (the active form of amifostine) protects normal tissues from the toxic effects of certain cancer drugs, while leaving their antitumor effects unchanged. The present data address the mechanism of action of this dichotomous effect. (35)S-Labeled WR-1065 bound directly to the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB, activator protein-1, and p53, resulting in enhanced binding of these proteins to target regulatory DNA sequences and subsequent transactivation of a number of downstream genes. Since other small molecular thiols could mimic WR-1065, the redox potential of the sulfhydryl is an important determinant of its activity. In nontransformed cells, WR-1065 protected cells from the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in a p53-dependent manner. However, in a transformed human tumor cell line, there was no cytoprotectivity by WR-1065, consistent with the premise that p53-dependent growth arrest is the basis for the protective effect of this compound, and that this pathway is abrogated in human tumors. The combined data support the principle that the cellular effects of the aminothiol WR-1065 are mediated through an impact on transcriptional regulation and are not only a consequence of radical scavenging.
Thin film solid-state reactions forming carbides as contact materials for carbon-containing semiconductors (2007)

Metal carbides are good candidates to contact carbon-based semiconductors (SiC, diamond, and carbon nanotubes). Here, we report on an in situ study of carbide formation during the solid-state reaction between thin films. The solid-state reaction was examined between 11 transition metals (W, Mo, Fe, Cr, V, Nb, Mn, Ti, Ta, Zr, and Hf) and an amorphous carbon layer. Capping layers (C or TiN) of different thicknesses were applied to prevent oxidation. Carbide formation is evidenced for nine metals and the phases formed have been identified (for a temperature ranging from 100to1100°C). W first forms W2C and then WC; Mo forms Mo2C; Fe forms Fe3C; Cr first forms metastable phases Cr2C and Cr3C2−x, and finally forms Cr3C2; V forms VCx; Nb transforms into Nb2C followed by NbC; Ti forms TiC; Ta first forms Ta2C and then TaC; and Hf transforms into HfC. The activation energy for the formation of the various carbide phases has been obtained by in situ x-ray diffraction.
PK/PD analysis of biapenem in patients undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration (2015)

Our results establish the optimal regimen of BIPM in patients with various levels of renal function undergoing CHDF with a PS membrane.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGHLY STEREOSPECIFIC DIMERIZATION OF 5‐FORMYL‐5‐METHYL‐1‐PYRAZOLINES. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STABLE CARBINOLAMINES (AMINO HEMIACETALS) (1977)

Abstract Methacrolein (I) reagiert mit Diazoessigestern (II) zunächst zu den Addukten (III) = (IV), die in ′ die Dimeren (V) übergehen.
Modeling elastic wave propagation in kidney stones with application to shock wave lithotripsy (2005)

A time-domain finite-difference solution to the equations of linear elasticity was used to model the propagation of lithotripsy waves in kidney stones. The model was used to determine the loading on the stone (principal stresses and strains and maximum shear stresses and strains) due to the impact of lithotripsy shock waves. The simulations show that the peak loading induced in kidney stones is generated by constructive interference from shear waves launched from the outer edge of the stone with other waves in the stone. Notably the shear wave induced loads were significantly larger than the loads generated by the classic Hopkinson or spall effect. For simulations where the diameter of the focal spot of the lithotripter was smaller than that of the stone the loading decreased by more than 50%. The constructive interference was also sensitive to shock rise time and it was found that the peak tensile stress reduced by 30% as rise time increased from 25 to 150 ns. These results demonstrate that shear waves likely play a critical role in stone comminution and that lithotripters with large focal widths and short rise times should be effective at generating high stresses inside kidney stones.
Myelin in multiple sclerosis is developmentally immature. (1994)

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to involve genetic, environmental, infective, and immunological factors which affect the integrity of a normally assembled myelin sheath, either directly or indirectly resulting in demyelination. In a correlative study involving protein chemical, mass spectrometric, and electron microscopic techniques we have determined that myelin obtained from victims of MS is arrested at the level of the first growth spurt (within the first 6 yr of life) and is therefore developmentally immature. The data supporting this conclusion include (a) the pattern of microheterogeneity of myelin basic protein (MBP); (b) the NH2-terminal acylation of the least cationic component of MBP ("C-8"); (c) the phase transition temperature (Tc) of myelin isolated from victims of MS correlated with the increased proportion of the least cationic component of MBP; and (d) immunogold electron microscopy using an antibody specific for "C-8" showed that the distribution of gold particles in a 2-yr-old infant was similar to the distribution found in a victim of MS. We postulate that this developmentally immature myelin is more susceptible to degradation by one or a combination of factors mentioned above, providing the initial antigenic material to the immune system.
Properties of a thermostable β‐galactosidase from a thermophilic Bacillus: Comparison of the enzyme activity of whole cells, purified enzyme and immobilised whole cells (1978)

Abstract The properties of a β‐galactosidase from a thermophilic Bacillus have been studied and compared with the properties of the enzyme contained in whole cells and in cells entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel matrix. The partially purified enzyme appears to be optimally active at a temperature of 60°C and pH 6.0. The enzyme activities from whole cells and immobilised whole cells have slightly different temperature optima (being 75 and 65°C respectively) and pH optima (being 6.2 and 6.6 respectively). The enzyme activity from whole cells is significantly more thermostable than that of the partially purified enzyme; the half‐lives being 125 and 22 min respectively at 70°C. In other properties studied, the enzyme activities of the three sources are similar. The thermostability of the enzyme and the broad pH range over which it is active makes this enzyme suitable for use in the dairy industry.
Enurese Noturna: Associações entre Gênero, Impacto, Intolerância Materna e Problemas de Comportamento (2015)

"Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar correlações entre as variáveis gênero, problemas de comportamento e impacto apresentados por crianças e adolescentes e nível de intolerância das mães ante a enurese. Nas avaliações, utilizaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: escala de impacto, preenchida pela criança e pelo adolescente, inventário de comportamentos para crianças e adolescentes e escala de tolerância, ambos desti-nados às mães. Participaram 31 crianças e adolescentes com enurese com idades entre 6 e 15 anos (M = 8,84 e DP = 2,08) e suas respetivas mães. Foram identificadas cor-relações estatisticamente significativas entre intolerância e impacto, e ainda entre im-pacto e idade. A média dos problemas de comportamento atingiu nível clínico, sendo os do tipo internalizante mais frequentes. Não foram encontradas associações entre problemas de comportamento e impacto ou intolerância, nem diferenças de gênero para todas variáveis analisadas. Na amostra avaliada, mães mais intolerantes têm filhos mais impactados, e o nível de intolerância delas parece aumentar à medida que a crian-ça ou o adolescente ficam mais velhos."
MUDANÇAS IMPOSTAS PELA GERAÇÃO “Y” NOS CONTEXTOS POLÍTICO E EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRO (2013)

RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo situar a geracao y nos contextos politico e educacional brasileiro atual e discutir alteracoes nesses contextos para atender aos jovens dessa geracao que ja nasceram na democracia, foram expostos desde cedo a uma verdadeira parafernalia tecnologica, apresentam caracteristicas comportamentais bastante peculiares e aprenderam cedo que ter liberdade e fundamental. Esses aspectos precisam ser considerados, pois forcam mudancas nos aspectos politicos, nas relacoes sociais, nas praticas pedagogicas e nas formas de comunicacao e de relacionamento. Ha que se pensar novas propostas educacionais para eles e um processo democratico que lhes permitam maior participacao, pois por meio de redes, sem precisar sair as ruas nem fazer muito alarde eles se organizam e se mobilizam em prol daquilo que consideram importante. [1] Aluno do Programa de Pos-graduacao da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – Doutorado em Educacao na linha de pesquisa: Politica, Saberes e Praticas Educativas. E-mail: bentoprof@yahoo.com.br
Evaluating change in virtual reality adoption for brain injury rehabilitation following knowledge translation (2016)

KT strategies hold potential for targeting therapists' perceptions of low self-efficacy and ease of use of this technology. Changes in perceived barriers, facilitators and support needs at post-test demonstrated support for repeated evaluation and multi-phased training initiatives to address therapists' needs over time. Implications for Rehabilitation Therapists' learning and support needs in integrating virtual reality extend beyond technical proficiency to include clinical decision-making and application competencies spanning the entire rehabilitation process. Phased, multi-faceted strategies may be valuable in addressing therapists' changing needs as they progress from novice to experienced virtual reality users. The ADOPT-VR is a sensitive measure to re-evaluate the personal, social, environmental, technology-specific and system-level factors influencing virtual reality adoption over time.
Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems: Structure-Function Relationships and Mechanisms of Catalysis (2014)

Two-component systems are signal-transducing ATPases that use energy released from ATP hydrolysis to effect responses to changing environmental conditions. The phosphorylated aspartate is contained within another type of protein termed a response regulator, which undergoes a phosphorylation-induced conformational change that serves to elicit a response. The histidine kinase domain is invariably flanked by sequences that are not conserved within the family and supply specific regulatory functions. The essential features are kinase dimerization, nucleotide binding, and histidine phosphorylation. A proton donor would also be expected to facilitate the transfer reaction from acyl phosphates through general acid catalysis. There are two ways in which the kinases modulate the rate of response regulator phosphorylation. First, the rate of histidine phosphorylation controls the availability of phosphodonor. This aspect of kinase function is an inherent feature of the kinase proteins, independent of the regulators. The second mechanism involves protein-protein contacts between the kinases and their cognate regulators that enhance the rate and determine the specificity of regulator phosphorylation. Many histidine kinases function to facilitate the rate of dephosphorylation of their cognate response regulators. Histidine kinases must bind the dephosphorylated form of the regulators and release the phosphorylated form. When the rate of histidine phosphorylation is high, the phosphotransfer reaction would predominate; when the rate of histidine phosphorylation is low, the dephosphorylation reaction would be favored.
Who turned the clock? Effects of Manipulated Zeitgebers, Cognitive Load and Immersion on Time Estimation (2016)

Current virtual reality (VR) technologies have enormous potential to allow humans to experience computer-generated immersive virtual environments (IVEs). Many of these IVEs support near-natural audiovisual stimuli similar to the stimuli generated in our physical world. However, decades of VR research have been devoted to exploring and understand differences between perception and action in such IVEs compared to real-world perception and action. Although, significant differences have been revealed for spatiotemporal perception between IVEs and the physical world such as distance underestimation, there is still a scarcity of knowledge about the reasons for such perceptual discrepancies, in particular regarding the perception of temporal durations in IVEs. In this article, we explore the effects of manipulated zeitgebers, cognitive load and immersion on time estimation as yet unexplored factors of spatiotemporal perception in IVEs. We present an experiment in which we analyze human sensitivity to temporal durations while experiencing an immersive head-mounted display (HMO) environment. We found that manipulations of external zeitgebers caused by a natural or unnatural movement of the virtual sun had a significant effect on time judgments. Moreover, using the dual-task paradigm the results show that increased spatial and verbal cognitive load resulted in a significant shortening of judged time as well as an interaction with the external zeitgebers. Finally, we discuss the implications for the design of near-natural computer-generated virtual worlds.
Hydrophobization of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions and Gels (2020)

Surface hydrophobization of cellulose nanomaterials has been used in the development of nanofiller-reinforced polymer composites and formulations based on Pickering emulsions. Despite the well-known effect of hydrophobic domains on self-assembly or association of water-soluble polymer amphiphiles, very few studies have addressed the behavior of hydrophobized cellulose nanomaterials in aqueous media. In this study, we investigate the properties of hydrophobized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and their self-assembly and amphiphilic properties in suspensions and gels. CNCs of different hydrophobicity were synthesized from sulfated CNCs by coupling primary alkylamines of different alkyl chain lengths (6, 8, and 12 carbon atoms). The synthetic route permitted the retention of surface charge, ensuring good colloidal stability of hydrophobized CNCs in aqueous suspensions. We compare surface properties (surface charge, ζ potential), hydrophobicity (water contact angle, microenvironment probing using pyrene fluorescence emission), and surface activity (tensiometry) of different hydrophobized CNCs and hydrophilic CNCs. Association of hydrophobized CNCs driven by hydrophobic effects is confirmed by X-ray scattering (SAXS) and autofluorescent spectroscopy experiments. As a result of CNC association, CNC suspensions/gels can be produced with a wide range of rheological properties depending on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. In particular, sol-gel transitions for hydrophobized CNCs occur at lower concentrations than hydrophilic CNCs, and more robust gels are formed by hydrophobized CNCs. Our work illustrates that amphiphilic CNCs can complement associative polymers as modifiers of rheological properties of water-based systems.
Specific Detection of Potentially Allergenic Kiwifruit in Foods Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (2007)

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis) is allergenic to sensitive patients, and, under Japanese regulations, it is one of the food items that are recommended to be declared on food labeling as much as possible. To develop PCR-based methods for the detection of trace amounts of kiwifruit in foods, two primer pairs targeting the ITS-1 region of the Actinidia spp. were designed using PCR simulation software. On the basis of the known distribution of a major kiwifruit allergen (actinidin) within the Actinidia spp., as well as of reports on clinical and immunological cross-reactivities, one of the primer pairs was designed to detect all Actinidia spp. and the other to detect commercially grown Actinidia spp. (i.e., kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta, and their interspecific hybrids) except for Actinidia polygama. The specificity of the developed methods using the designed primer pairs was verified by performing PCR experiments on 8 Actinidia spp. and 26 other plants including fruits. The methods were considered to be specific enough to yield target-size products only from the target Actinidia spp. and to detect no target-size products from nontarget species. The methods were sensitive enough to detect 5-50 fg of Actinidia spp. DNA spiked in 50 ng of salmon testis DNA used as a carrier (1-10 ppm of kiwifruit DNA) and 1700 ppm (w/w) of fresh kiwifruit puree spiked in a commercial plain yogurt (corresponding to ca. 10 ppm of kiwifruit protein). These methods would be expected to be useful in the detection of hidden kiwifruit and its related species in processed foods.
Contribution of Ictal Source Imaging for Localizing Seizure Onset Zone in Patients With Focal Epilepsy (2020)

Noninvasive ictal source imaging with high-density EEG recording can provide highly concordant results with clinical decisions obtained by invasive monitoring or confirmed by resective surgery. By means of direct seizure imaging using high-density scalp EEG recordings, the added value of ictal source imaging is particularly high in patients with complex interictal activity patterns, who may represent the most challenging cases with poor prognosis.
Benchmarking da Aplicação de Comparação de Similaridade entre Imagens com Flink, Storm e SPar (2023)

Este trabalho apresenta comparações de desempenho entre as interfaces de programação SPar, Apache Flink e Apache Storm, no que diz respeito à execução de uma aplicação de comparação de imagens. Os resultados revelam que as versões da SPar apresentam um desempenho superior quando executadas com um grande número de threads, tanto em termos de latência quanto de throughput (a SPar tem um throughput cerca de 5 vezes maior com 40 workers).