gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfonium Ion Derivatization, Isobaric Stable Isotope Labeling and Data Dependent CID- and ETD-MS/MS for Enhanced Phosphopeptide Quantitation, Identification and Phosphorylation Site Characterization (2011)

An amine specific peptide derivatization strategy involving the use of novel isobaric stable isotope encoded 'fixed charge' sulfonium ion reagents, coupled with an analysis strategy employing capillary HPLC, ESI-MS, and automated data dependent ion trap CID-MS/MS, -MS(3), and/or ETD-MS/MS, has been developed for the improved quantitative analysis of protein phosphorylation, and for identification and characterization of their site(s) of modification. Derivatization of 50 synthetic phosphopeptides with S,S'-dimethylthiobutanoylhydroxysuccinimide ester iodide (DMBNHS), followed by analysis using capillary HPLC-ESI-MS, yielded an average 2.5-fold increase in ionization efficiencies and a significant increase in the presence and/or abundance of higher charge state precursor ions compared to the non-derivatized phosphopeptides. Notably, 44% of the phosphopeptides (22 of 50) in their underivatized states yielded precursor ions whose maximum charge states corresponded to +2, while only 8% (4 of 50) remained at this maximum charge state following DMBNHS derivatization. Quantitative analysis was achieved by measuring the abundances of the diagnostic product ions corresponding to the neutral losses of 'light' (S(CH(3))(2)) and 'heavy' (S(CD(3))(2)) dimethylsulfide exclusively formed upon CID-MS/MS of isobaric stable isotope labeled forms of the DMBNHS derivatized phosphopeptides. Under these conditions, the phosphate group stayed intact. Access for a greater number of peptides to provide enhanced phosphopeptide sequence identification and phosphorylation site characterization was achieved via automated data-dependent CID-MS(3) or ETD-MS/MS analysis due to the formation of the higher charge state precursor ions. Importantly, improved sequence coverage was observed using ETD-MS/MS following introduction of the sulfonium ion fixed charge, but with no detrimental effects on ETD fragmentation efficiency.
Selectivity and Failure Compensation as Fundamental Requirements of Human Behavior and Development (1998)

This chapter addresses the basic question of why regulation of behavior and development is needed. What are the fundamental challenges or problems that require regulatory processes? What obstacles does the individual have to overcome in order to organize his or her behavior? These questions lead to two key requirements of regulation, the management of selectivity and of compensation for failure or loss. Further chapters will consider the means by which the individual contributes to fulfilling these requirements (Chapter 3), especially in terms of regulating life-span development (Chapters 4 through 8) and the biological and societal mechanisms (Chapter 2) that constrain, support, and scaffold developmental regulation. In this first chapter, selectivity and failure/loss compensation are discussed as fundamental characteristics of any human behavior and of developmental regulation in particular (P. Baltes 1987; P. Baltes & M. Baltes 1990; J. Heckhausen & Schulz 1993a, 1995; Marsiske et al. 1995). Selectivity refers to the selection of goals and the focused investment of resources into goal attainment. An example is the selection of a field of study by a student and the subsequent investment of time, effort, and interest in this field. Compensation of failure and loss refers to efforts of an individual to make amends for the negative consequences of failing to attain a selected goal and of other circumstantial losses (e.g., losing a spouse).
Visually Guided Inter-limb Adaptation During Walking In Children And Adults (2020)

Voluntary visually guided movements must be constantly adapted to maintain accuracy. Here we applied principles of visuomotor adaptation to drive inter-limb adaptation of joint kinematics during voluntary, visually guided walking. We tested whether step length symmetry could be adapted and stored after training with mismatched visual feedback on two legs. 17 healthy children (9M/8F, 6-15 yrs) and 8 healthy adults (7M/1F, 26±6 yrs) were tested. We created a computer task where subjects modified step length trial-by-trial to hit virtual targets while walking on a treadmill. The relationship between screen-space and treadmill-space was defined by a visuomotor gain for each leg. Each test consisted of a baseline period (same gain on both legs), an adaptation period (one high gain, one low gain) and a post-adaptation period (same gain). The ‘fast leg’ and ‘slow leg’ refers to the leg adapted with the higher and lower gain, respectively. During the adaptation period, the leg adapted with the higher gain appeared to move fast, and the other leg appeared to move slowly on display. All healthy children and adults tested could rescale step length to maintain endpoint accuracy during visually guided walking. Step length gradually became more asymmetric during adaptation. The fast leg shortened step length (to correct overshoot), and the slow leg lengthened step length (to correct undershoot). In the post-adaptation period, step length asymmetry persisted (after-effect) despite the fact that the gains have returned to normal. The presence of an after-effect indicates storage of a new inter-limb visuomotor calibration. The after-effect was partially washed out after one minute of post-adaptation walking. This study suggests that visually guided inter-limb adaptation can alter step length, a major determinant of gait stability and energetic costs. This may open up new opportunities to correct abnormal, asymmetric walking patterns in children and adults with neurological damage.
Numerical analysis of polymer cure kinetics in isotropic conductive adhesives (2010)

The electrical and thermomechanical properties of isotropic conductive adhesive materials vary significantly during the material cure process as polymer crosslinking alters the molecular structure and volume of the material which, in turn, alters the percolation threshold causing step changes in the values of electrical and thermal conductivity within the material. It is therefore important to ensure that adhesive interconnects are sufficiently cured. As in-situ analysis of the cure state is highly complex, a number of numerical models have been developed to provide an estimate of cure. In this study, the accuracy of six cure kinetics models in determining the cure kinetics of commercially available isotropic conductive materials is assessed. Cure kinetics were determined experimentally using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) equipment. The numerical models were fitted to the experimental data using a particle swarm optimisation method, enabling the ultimate accuracy of the models to be determined. Results obtained show that the single-step autocatalytic model would appear to provide a more accurate estimate of cure kinetics process than the nth order type models or the more complex double step models. The overall accuracy of the models was found to be quite high with close agreement between experimental and numerical results. Further studies are required to consider the multi-component nature of underfill and encapsulant materials.
Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of B-Virus Infections in Exposed Persons (1995)

Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus), enzootic among monkeys of the genus Macaca, causes minimal morbidity in its natural host. In contrast, human B-virus infection presents as rapidly ascending encephalomyelitis with a fatality rate of ∼70%. This infection remains an uncommon result of macaque-related injuries, although the increase in the use of macaques for research on simian retrovirus infection and hepatitis has expanded the number of opportunities for human exposure. In response to this situation, Emory University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention jointly sponsored a B Virus Working Group to formulate a rational approach to the detection and management of human B-virus infection. The resulting guidelines are presented herein and are based upon information from published cases, unpublished cases managed by working-group members, knowledge of the behavior of herpes simplex virus, and—in the absence of hard data—the collective judgment of the group. Although consensus among the coauthors existed on the major points covered by these guidelines, opinions varied widely regarding specific recommendations.
A Simple Predictive Transform Coder for Images (1986)

In this paper a simple predictive transform coder is proposed for the processing of images. The coder is intrafield and predicts the coefficients of a two-dimensional Hadamard transform based on the past pels immediately surrounding the transformed block. The cost and performance of the new coder compares well with that of other techniques. For example, a predictive transform coder acting on 2×2 picture blocks and operating at an average bit rate of 2 bits/pel is found to yield significantly better picture quality than that derived from a 2×2 or even a 4×4 Hadamard coder. Also, just as important, the physical implementation of this coder requires from two to three times the number of on-line operations required by a 2×2 Hadamard coder and 1/4 to 1/3 that of a 4×4 Hadamard coder.
Implant Prosthodontic Adjuncts (1997)

The American Academy of Implant Prosthodontics 15th Annual International Symposium Abstracts: PDF Only
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF VINCA ALKALOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. XX. OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF F C‐C BONDS OF AN INDOLOQUINOLIZIDINE DERIVATIVE (1985)

Abstract C Bonds of an Indoloquinolizidine Derivative.
Theoretical Study of the Conformational Isomerism of 2,4,6-Substituted 1,3,5-Trimethoxycalix[6]arenes (1998)

For 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-trimethoxycalix[6]arenes 1, two competing interconversion pathways have been postulated in the literature for the Cone/1,2,3Alternate exchange, viz the “tert-butyl through the annulus” and “lower rim through the annulus” pathways. Both pathways were compared with molecular modeling with the conjugate peak refinement method. One variable-size atom (Sx) was introduced to represent the lower-rim substituents R, abstracting the “O−CH2−rigid group” motifs to one “O−CH2−Sx” group. Both the postulated mechanisms of Cone → 1,2,3Alternate isomerization are plausible. For large lower-rim substituents (Sx ≥ ≈6 Å), the “tert-butyl through the annulus” mechanism is preferred over the “Sx through the annulus” mechanism. The calculated upper free energy barrier for the isomerization process is 17.5 kcal mol-1, reasonably close to the experimental value of approximately 21 kcal mol-1 (van Duynhoven et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5814).
Improving Search Speed on Pointer-Based Large Data Structures Using a Hierarchical Clustering Copying Algorithm (2007)

The increasing processor-memory performance gap makes improving the cache locality as important as the virtual memory locality. In many applications, especially in search algorithms on pointer-based large data structures, breadth-first copying algorithms increase cache misses, page faults and TLB misses. Since the depth-first copying only achieves limited locality improvement, several clustering copying algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we propose "hierarchical clustering" which groups data objects at multiple hierarchical levels and provides better locality at both the cache and virtual memory levels of the memory hierarchy. We also propose a new copying algorithm for the hierarchical clustering, which uses multiple scan pointers and bounded workspace. Our copying algorithm almost always outperforms other algorithms; after copying, two representative microbenchmarks, employing a search tree and an array of associative lists, run approximately two (sometimes five) times faster than breadth-first copying.
GC–MS/MS method for the quantification of α‐cedrene in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic application (2013)

α-Cedrene is a pharmacologically active ingredient isolated from the essential oil of cedar. A selective and sensitive GC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of α-cedrene in rat plasma for the first time. α-Cedrene was extracted from rat plasma using ethyl acetate at neutral pH. The analytes were determined in selective reaction monitoring mode using MS/MS: m/z 204.3→119.0 for α-cedrene and m/z 146.0→111.0 for 1,4-dichlorobenzene (internal standard). The standard curve was linear (r(2) ≥ 0.995) over the concentration ranges of 5-800 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL using 50 μL of rat plasma. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra- and interassays at four quality control levels were 3.1-13.9% and -4.0-2.6%, respectively. The stability of processing (freeze-thaw, long-term storage at -80°C, and short-term storage at room temperature) and chromatography (reinjection) was shown to be of insignificant effect. The present method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of α-cedrene after its intravenous (10 mg/kg) and oral (25 mg/kg) administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Efficient and Prompt Handover in LTE-Based Systems by Predicting the Target eNodeBs (2014)

Handover is an essential issue in wireless networks including the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, especially for high-speed real-time service. An efficient handover scheme with the prediction of candidate target eNodeBs and prompt handover decision is proposed in this paper. By referring to the previous positions of the user equipment (UE), the proposed scheme decides the zone where the potential target eNodeBs are located. The weight of a candidate eNodeB is increased by one in each measurement period if it is identified as a potential target for handover. The target eNodeB of the highest weight is finally selected if it has available bandwidth. The proposed scheme promptly triggers handover any time even before the time-to-trigger (TTT) window expires if the power of received signal rapidly grows. The proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of packet drop rate, packet delay and good put per cell. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improve the performance of handover compared to the standard handover scheme adopted in LTE.
Effect of the Deletion of Genes Encoding Proteins of the Extracellular Virion Form of Vaccinia Virus on Vaccine Immunogenicity and Protective Effectiveness in the Mouse Model (2013)

Antibodies to both infectious forms of vaccinia virus, the mature virion (MV) and the enveloped virion (EV), as well as cell-mediated immune response appear to be important for protection against smallpox. EV virus particles, although more labile and less numerous than MV, are important for dissemination and spread of virus in infected hosts and thus important in virus pathogenesis. The importance of the EV A33 and B5 proteins for vaccine induced immunity and protection in a murine intranasal challenge model was evaluated by deletion of both the A33R and B5R genes in a vaccine-derived strain of vaccinia virus. Deletion of either A33R or B5R resulted in viruses with a small plaque phenotype and reduced virus yields, as reported previously, whereas deletion of both EV protein-encoding genes resulted in a virus that formed small infection foci that were detectable and quantifiable only by immunostaining and an even more dramatic decrease in total virus yield in cell culture. Deletion of B5R, either as a single gene knockout or in the double EV gene knockout virus, resulted in a loss of EV neutralizing activity, but all EV gene knockout viruses still induced a robust neutralizing activity against the vaccinia MV form of the virus. The effect of elimination of A33 and/or B5 on the protection afforded by vaccination was evaluated by intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of either vaccinia virus WR or IHD-J, a strain of vaccinia virus that produces relatively higher amounts of EV virus. The results from multiple experiments, using a range of vaccination doses and virus challenge doses, and using mortality, morbidity, and virus dissemination as endpoints, indicate that the absence of A33 and B5 have little effect on the ability of a vaccinia vaccine virus to provide protection against a lethal intranasal challenge in a mouse model.
Cumulative Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Trials for Myocardial Infarction (1992)

Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials facilitates the determination of clinical efficacy and harm and may be helpful in tracking trials, planning future trials, and making clinical recommendations for therapy.
An Improved Pneumatic Frequency Control for Superconducting Cavities (2006)

The ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System) superconducting cavities use a pneumatic system to maintain the cavity eigenfrequency at the master oscillator frequency [1]. The present pneumatic slow tuner has a limitation in the tuning slew rates. For some resonators, the frequency slew rate is as low as 30 Hz/sec. The total tuning range for ATLAS cavities varies from 60 kHz to as high as 450 kHz depending on the cavity type. With the present system, if a cavity is at the extreme end of its tuning range, it may take an unacceptable length of time to reach the master oscillator frequency. We have designed a new slow tuner system that increases the frequency slew rates by a factor of three hundred. This improved system is directly applicable for use on RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) cavities. This paper discusses the design of the system and the results of a prototype test.
Targeted PDT-based combinations for cancer: sub-cellular sites and cytotoxic mechanisms (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Exploiting differences in photosensitizer (PS) localization and mechanisms of action with sequential or simultaneous activation protocols has been shown to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Various sub-cellular, cellular and stromal components can be targeted, causing selective photodamage. Previous reports have shown that rationally targeting non-overlapping tumor compartments or sub-cellular sites considerably enhances outcomes from PDT. The current presentation describes the benefits of simultaneously targeting lysosomes and mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum using lipid-anchored and entrapped liposomal preparations of benzoporphyrin derivative, respectively, with an emphasis on results in 3D models of ovarian cancer.
Feasibility of Room-Temperature GHz-THz Direct Detection in Graphene Through Hot-Carrier Effect (2018)

Recent theories suggest that the photo thermoelectric effect dominates the photo response in graphene. Hot-carrier generation arising from carrier multiplication in graphene under the incident light is introduced as the main cause of this effect. Here, we investigate the possibility of GHz-THz direct detection in a graphene-based device through Hot-carrier effect. The proposed structure is a Schottky junction between graphene and Si. We have measured the optical properties of the junction under 86 GHz and 0.102 THz radiations at room temperature. We have repeated the experiments at cryogenic temperatures down to 150 K. The minimum responsivity of the junction is measured as 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> V/W under 0.102 THz radiations at room temperature. This value increases five-fold at the cryogenic temperatures. We discuss the physics behind room temperature operation of the device based on the photo thermoelectric effect and the hot-carrier generation in graphene under the illuminations. Room temperature and direct detection of GHz and THz radiation in the graphene-Si junction can be practical evidence of hot-carrier generation in graphene under the incident illuminations.
15.1: Invited Paper: Color-Matching Issues in Multi-Primary Displays (2005)

Two kinds of color-matching issues beset multi- primary displays (i.e., displays that have more than three primaries). On-screen metamerism, the matching by some observers of colors produced by different primary settings, becomes a more serious problem as more primaries are added. Off-screen metamerism, the mismatch of screen colors with object colors they represent, is less important with more primaries. A way to avoid on-screen metamer- ism is reviewed here, together with its consequences for the gamut shape of a multi-primary display.
Urinary hydroxy-pyridinium crosslinks provide indices of cartilage and bone involvement in arthritic diseases. (1989)

The urinary concentrations relative to creatinine of the collagen crosslinks, pyridinoline (PYD) and an analogue derived specifically from bone collagen, deoxy-pyridinoline (DPD), were measured using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique in 41 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 45 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and were compared with values of 118 healthy control individuals. The levels of DPD were increased significantly in both RA and OA suggesting accelerated bone degradation in both disease groups. PYD concentrations were also significantly increased in both diseases, but larger increases were detected in patients with RA, for which this index correlated with clinical measures of joint involvement and biochemical variables of inflammatory activity. Cross-sectional studies showed that treatment with disease modifying drugs (gold and D-penicillamine) led to decreased crosslink levels but longterm corticosteroids resulted in increased urinary crosslinks, probably due to the induction of bone resorption. Measurement of both pyridinium crosslinks in urine may therefore provide information on the stage, activity, level of bone involvement and efficacy of drug therapy in arthritic diseases.