gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MUSIC, maximum likelihood, and Cramer-Rao bound: further results and comparisons (1990)

The problem of determining the direction-of-arrival of narrowband plane waves using sensor arrays and the related problem of estimating the parameters of superimposed signals from noisy measurements are studied. A number of results have been recently presented by the authors on the statistical performance of the multiple signal characterization (MUSIC) and the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators for the above problems. This work extends those results in several directions. First, it establishes that in the class of weighted MUSIC estimators, the unweighted MUSIC achieves the best performance (i.e. the minimum variance of estimation errors), in large samples. Next, it derives the covariance matrix of the ML estimator and presents detailed analytic studies of the statistical efficiency of MUSIC and ML estimators. These studies include performance comparisons of MUSIC and MLE with each other, as well as with the ultimate performance corresponding to the Cramer-Rao bound. Finally, some numerical examples are given which provide a more quantitative study of performance for the problem of finding two directions with uniform linear sensor arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Distorted Pressure Histories due to the Step Responses in a Linear Tapered Pipe : 6th Report, For Arbitrary Cross-sections (1986)

Although much progress has already been made in solving problems in step responses of pressure in a linear tapered pipe, new developments are still needed before the two-dimensional wave equation can be solved routinely. This paper describes one such development. A new method of solving a one-dimensional wave equation in linear tapered compound pipes with arbitrary cross-sections has been devised. Results obtained by this theory are compared with experiments in pipes with square cross-sections. And we obtained the following conclusions: (1) Damping coefficients in an arbitrary cross-section are defined and are expressed analytically for some representative cross-sections. (2) The viscous solution of a wave equation obtained by Laplace transform explains well distorted pressure histories in a linear tapered pipe with an arbitrary cross-section. (3) Pressure waves in a square cross-section include higher modes of frequency and damp more rapidly than those in a circular cross-section. but fundamental characteristics as waves are independent of the cross-section of the pipe except for the small aspect ratio.
Overexpression of the Rv0805 phosphodiesterase elicits a cAMP-independent transcriptional response (2013)

The Rv0805 gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a metallophosphoesterase which shows cAMP-hydrolytic activity. Overexpression of Rv0805 has been used as a tool to lower intracellular cAMP levels and thereby elucidate the roles of cAMP in mycobacteria. Here we show that levels of cAMP in M. tuberculosis were lowered by only ∼30% following overexpression of Rv0805, and transcript levels of a number of genes, which include those associated with virulence and the methyl citrate cycle, were altered. The genes that showed altered expression were distinct from those differentially regulated in a strain deleted for the cAMP-receptor protein (CRP(Mt)), consistent with the relatively low dependence on cAMP of CRP(Mt) binding to DNA. Using mutants of Rv0805 we show that the transcriptional signature of Rv0805 overexpression is a combination of catalysis-dependent and independent effects, and that the structurally flexible C-terminus of Rv0805 is crucial for the catalysis-independent effects of the protein. Our study demonstrates the dissociation of Rv0805 and cAMP-regulated gene expression, and reveals alternate functions for this phosphodiesterase from M. tuberculosis.
Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystal growth. (1979)

Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), although thermodynamically unstable with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), is more commonly seen in human urine. For the first time, a COD-seeded crystal growth assay has been developed. Seed crystals of COD were precipitated from filtered urine by the addition of ammonium oxalate and were stored dry and added to a supersaturated calcium oxalate solution to initiate an experiment. The growth rate in the COD-seeded system was 22 per cent of that for a COM-seeded system, for equivalent surface areas. Urine samples from normal subjects have similar inhibitory activity in the COD- and COM-seeded systems, as do pyrophosphate and heparin, which are known inhibitors of COM crystal growth. These results indicate that the technically simpler COM-seeded growth assay is suitable for measurement of inhibitors of calcium oxalate growth in urine.
Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (1982)

Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, an organism once thought to be universally susceptible to ampicillin, is increasing. It varies from one institution or community to another, and rates of 6.6% to 48% have been reported. The vast majority of resistant strains produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the beta-lactam ring of ampicillin and other susceptible beta-lactam antibiotics. The beta-lactamase production is mediated by a gene contained on a plasmid (piece of extrachromosomal DNA). It is important for physicians and microbiologists to be aware that an infection such as meningitis or otitis media could be caused by ampicillin-resistant strain of H influenzae. Knowledge of the incidence of resistance for the institution or community is particularly pertinent in selection of empiric therapy.
Chemically homogeneous Pb(ZrTi)O3 thin films via ZnO-buffered platinized silicon substrates. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Expression Of Xylose Reductase Enzyme From Spathaspora passalidarum In Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2013)

Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been genetically engineered to ferment the pentose sugar xylose present in lignocellulosic biomass. One of the reactions controlling the rate of xylose utilization is catalyzed by xylose reductase (XR).The current study describes xylose reductase from Spathasporapassalidarum with NADH preference. According to JGI site the gene coding for this enzyme contains 954 nucleotides and it consists of 317 amino acids. The restriction sites for the enzymes SacII and NotI located on the 5 P P termini for both the forward and reverse specific primers were designed using Lasergen 9.0 program. The genomic DNA was isolated and purified from S .passalidarum. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify this gene. The amplified gene was cloned into pSN303 plasmid resulting of the pYIM1 plasmid and then transformed into Escherichia coli. This plasmid was reisolated from E. coli, sequenced,and finally transformed into S. cerevisiae. The yeast transformants carrying pYIM1 plasmid named YJTY1. The specific activity of enzyme was 1.55 and 0.48 U/mg on NADH and NADPH respectively for YJTY1. This enzyme has a natural preference for NADH which makes it a good candidate for combination with NAD P P dependent xylitol dehydrogenase which may enable S. cerevisiae to utilize xylose under anaerobic conditions and convert it to ethanol. Keyword: Xylose reductase, Spathaspora Passalidarum, Cloning.
Three dimensional reconstruction of cylindrical pellet using stereo vision (2015)

In the present work, we propose a framework for retrieving metric information of featureless cylindrical pellet imaged through stereo vision. Considering the isometry property, relative affine structure which is an invariant that depends on the depth of the point is employed for obtaining the information. This method skips considering vanishing points for depth estimation, and hence the errors are reduced remarkably as no points are assumed to be at infinity. Real world measurements are taken and the metrics of a selected reference point is assumed to be known. With these minimal information the mapping between the images using the relative affine structure is carried out that enables the 3D reconstruction. This work also blends the concepts of 360 degree rotational symmetry and orthogonal planes with the stereo vision that has minimized the error percentage. The results presented by the theory will have an impact on the design of 3D reconstruction systems for computer vision and its applications.
Risk-based security decisions under uncertainty (2012)

This paper addresses the making of security decisions, such as access-control decisions or spam filtering decisions, under uncertainty, when the benefit of doing so outweighs the need to absolutely guarantee these decisions are correct. For instance, when there are limited, costly, or failed communication channels to a policy-decision-point. Previously, local caching of decisions has been proposed, but when a correct decision is not available, either a policy-decision-point must be contacted, or a default decision used. We improve upon this model by using learned classifiers of access control decisions. These classifiers, trained on known decisions, infer decisions when an exact match has not been cached, and uses intuitive notions of utility, damage and uncertainty to determine when an inferred decision is preferred over contacting a remote PDP. Clearly there is uncertainty in the predicted decisions, introducing a degree of risk. Our solution proposes a mechanism to quantify the uncertainty of these decisions and allows administrators to bound the overall risk posture of the system. The learning component continuously refines its models based on inputs from a central policy server in cases where the risk is too high or there is too much uncertainty. We have validated our models by building a prototype system and evaluating it with requests from real access control policies. Our experiments show that over a range of system parameters, it is feasible to use machine learning methods to infer access control policies decisions. Thus our system yields several benefits, including reduced calls to the PDP, reducing latency and communication costs; increased net utility; and increased system survivability.
Access to Thermodynamic and Viscoelastic Properties of Poly(ionic liquid)s Using High-Pressure Conductivity Measurements (2019)

In this paper, we examine the transport properties of a 1,2,3-triazolium-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) at ambient and elevated pressure up to 475 MPa. We show that the isothermal and isobaric conductivity measurements analyzed in the 3D plane give a unique possibility to estimate the thermodynamic (isothermal compressibility and thermal expansion coefficient) properties for PILs having a charge transport fully controlled by viscosity. This result, providing a direct connection between thermodynamic and dynamic properties of PILs, is of significant importance for both material scientists and practical applications.
Mse Approximation For Model-Based Compression Of Multiresolution Semiregular Meshes (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Characterization of the Fugitive Particulate Emissions from Construction Mud/Dirt Carryout (2004)

Although the fugitive dust associated with construction mud/dirt carryout can represent a substantial portion of the particulate matter (PM) emissions inventory in nonattainment areas, it has not been well characterized by direct sampling methods. In this paper, a research program is described that directly determined both PM10 and PM2.5 (particles < or =10 and 2.5 microm in classical aerodynamic diameter, respectively) emission factors for mud/dirt carryout from a major construction project located in metropolitan Kansas City, MO. The program also assessed the contribution of automotive emissions to the total PM2.5 burden and determined the baseline emissions from the test road. As part of the study, both time-integrated and continuous exposure-profiling methods were used to assess the PM emissions, including particle size and elemental composition. This research resulted in overall PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors of 6 and 0.2 g/vehicle, respectively. Although PM10 is within the range of prior U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance, the PM2.5 emission factor is far lower than previous estimates published by EPA. In addition, based on both the particle size and chemical data obtained in the study, a major portion of the PM2.5 emissions appears to be attributable to automotive exhaust from light-duty, gasoline-powered vehicles and not to the fugitive dust associated with reentrained mud/dirt carryout.
A Novel LBP-1-mediated Restriction of HIV-1 Transcription at the Level of Elongation in Vitro (1995)

The cellular factor, LBP-1, can repress HIV-1 transcription by preventing the binding of TFIID to the promoter. Here we have analyzed the effect of recombinant LBP-1 on HIV-1 transcription in vitro by using a "pulse-chase" assay. LBP-1 had no effect on initiation from a preformed preinitiation complex and elongation to position +13 ("pulse"). However, addition of LBP-1 after RNA polymerase was stalled at +13 strongly inhibited further elongation ("chase") by reducing RNA polymerase processivity. Severe mutations of the high affinity LBP-1 binding sites between -4 and +21 did not relieve the LBP-1-dependent block. However, LBP-1 could bind independently to upstream low affinity sites (-80 to -4), suggesting that these sites mediate the effect of LBP-1 on elongation. These results demonstrate a novel function of LBP-1, restricting HIV-1 transcription at the level of elongation. In addition, Tat was found to suppress the antiprocessivity effect of LBP-1 on HIV-1 transcription in nuclear extracts. These findings strongly suggest that LBP-1 may provide a natural mechanism for restricting the elongation of HIV-1 transcripts and that this may be a target for the action of Tat in enhancing transcription.
Distributed Power Control for Large Energy Harvesting Networks: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach (2019)

In this paper, we develop a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework to obtain online power control policies for a large energy harvesting (EH) multiple access channel, when only causal information about the EH process and wireless channel is available. In the proposed framework, we model the online power control problem as a discrete-time mean-field game (MFG), and analytically show that the MFG has a unique stationary solution. Next, we leverage the fictitious play property of the mean-field games, and the deep reinforcement learning technique to learn the stationary solution of the game, in a completely distributed fashion. We analytically show that the proposed procedure converges to the unique stationary solution of the MFG. This, in turn, ensures that the optimal policies can be learned in a completely distributed fashion. In order to benchmark the performance of the distributed policies, we also develop a deep neural network (DNN) based centralized as well as distributed online power control schemes. Our simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed power control policies. In particular, the DNN based centralized power control policies provide a very good performance for large EH networks for which the design of optimal policies is intractable using the conventional methods such as Markov decision processes. Further, performance of both the distributed policies is close to the throughput achieved by the centralized policies.
Guessing Based on Compressed Side Information (2022)

A source sequence is to be guessed with some fidelity based on a rate-limited description of an observed sequence with which it is correlated. The tension between the description rate and the exponential growth rate of the power mean of the required number of guesses is quantified. This can be viewed as the guessing version of the classical indirect-rate-distortion problem of Dobrushin-Tsybakov’62 and Witsenhausen’80. Judicious choices of the correlated sequence, the description rate, and the fidelity criterion recover a number of recent and classical results on guessing. In the context of security, the paper provides conservative estimates on a password’s remaining security after a number of bits from a correlated database have been leaked.
Superlattice-induced minigaps in graphene band structure due to underlying one-dimensional nanostructuration (2018)

We have studied the influence of one-dimensional periodic nanostructured substrates on graphene band structure. One-monolayer-thick graphene is extremely sensitive to periodic terrace arrays, as demonstrated on two different nanostructured substrates, namely Ir(332) and multivicinal curved Pt(111). Photoemission shows the presence of minigaps related to the spatial periodicity. The potential barrier strength of the one-dimensional periodic nanostructuration can be tailored with the step-edge type and the nature of the substrate. The minigap opening further demonstrates the presence of backward scattered electronic waves on the surface and the absence of Klein tunneling on the substrate, probably due to the fast variation of the potential, of a spatial extent of the order of the lattice parameter of graphene.
[Rest and active potentials of dissociated rat heart cells in culture]. (1977)

Intracellular investigation of bioelectrical properties is performed on cultivated rat myocardial cells. Electrophysiological parameters of cells dissociated from rat myocardium are very similar to those of in vivo cells. Fast sodium channels are found to be fonctional. Spontaneous arrhythmia are recorded from some impaled cells.
Outer-sphere nuclear spin relaxation in paramagnetic systems: a low-field theory (2001)

A low-field theory for paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE), appropriate for the outer-sphere relaxation, is presented for the electron spin quantum number S = 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2, 3 and 7/2. The theory is used to calculate the PRE at low magnetic field, as a function of the translational diffusion coefficient, for various values of the electron spin quantum number, for small and fairly large values of the static zero-field splitting (ZFS), and for a given set of parameters determining the electron spin relaxation. We have found earlier that the static ZFS has a profound influence on the electron spin relaxation; such effects are also evident in the present study. Comparisons are made with other existing models for the outer-sphere PRE, and significant differences are found for slowly diffusing systems with large ZFS. The theory is also used to obtain a novel interpretation of experimental data for an acetone solution of a Mn(III) complex.
Evaluation of Neoalleviase (NA-1700) in Heroin Detoxification: Preliminary Report on Toxicity and Efficacy Including Prophylactic Measure in Mice and Clinical Study (1980)

Neoalleviase (NA-1700) is a specially formulated unique combination of 14 well-identified species of higher plants whose extracts were obtained through an enzymatic process with macerozymes prior to clinical study. Toxicity and efficacy tests were satisfactorily performed by bioassay with 120 mice under double-blind conditions for 82 days. Straub tests facilitated efficacy proof in mice. Neoalleviase (530 mg capsules q.i.d.) was administered to 268 active heroin addicts under double-blind conditions. The established dosage schedule was utilized over a 35 day drug administration period (maximum) with a follow-up observation at 10 months. Himmelsback's techniques were used to determine withdrawal scores. The results of this study indicated that Neoalleviase (NA-1700) effectively suppressed withdrawal signs and symptoms without undesirable major side effects at the given therapeutic dose level. It appears to be potentially the most promising heroin detoxification agent.
TCE Dechlorination Rates, Pathways, and Efficiency of Nanoscale Iron Particles with Different Properties (2005)

Nanoscale Fe0 particles are a promising technology for in situ remediation of trichloroethene (TCE) plumes and TCE-DNAPL source areas, butthe physical and chemical properties controlling their reactivity are not yet understood. Here, the TCE reaction rates, pathways, and efficiency of two nanoscale Fe0 particles are measured in batch reactors: particles synthesized from sodium borohydride reduction of ferrous iron (Fe/B) and commercially available particles (RNIP). Reactivity was determined under iron-limited (high [TCE]) and excess iron (low [TCE]) conditions and with and without added H2. Particle efficiency, defined as the fraction of the Fe0 in the particles that is used to dechlorinate TCE, was determined under iron-limited conditions. Both particles had a core/shell structure and similar specific surface areas (approximately 30 m2/g). Using excess iron, Fe/B transformed TCE into ethane (80%) and C3-C6 coupling products (20%). The measured surface area normalized pseudo-first-order rate constant for Fe/B (1.4 x 10(-)2 L.h(-1).m(-2) is approximately 4-fold higher than for RNIP (3.1 x 10-(3) L.h(-1).m(-2). All the Fe0 in Fe/B was accessible for TCE dechlorination, and 92 +/- 0.7% of the Fe0 was used to reduce TCE. For Fe/B, H2 evolved from reduction of water (H+) was subsequently used for TCE dechlorination, and adding H2 to the reactor increased both the dechlorination rate and the mass of TCE reduced, indicating that a catalytic pathway exists. RNIP yielded unsaturated products (acetylene and ethene). Nearly half (46%) of the Fe0 in RNIP was unavailable for TCE dechlorination over the course of the experiment and remained in the particles. Adding H2 did not change the reaction rate or efficiency of RNIP. Despite this, the mass of TCE dechlorinated per mass of Fe0 added was similar for both particles due to the less saturated products formed from RNIP. The oxide shell composition and the boron content are the most likely causes for the differences between the particle types.
CqsA–CqsS quorum‐sensing signal‐receptor specificity in Photobacterium angustum (2013)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that relies on the production, detection and population-wide response to extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. The QS system commonly found in vibrios and photobacteria consists of the CqsA synthase/CqsS receptor pair. Vibrio cholerae CqsA/S synthesizes and detects (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one (C10-CAI-1), whereas Vibrio harveyi produces and detects a distinct but similar molecule, (Z)-3-aminoundec-2-en-4-one (Ea-C8-CAI-1). To understand the signalling properties of the larger family of CqsA-CqsS pairs, here, we characterize the Photobacterium angustum CqsA/S system. Many photobacterial cqsA genes harbour a conserved frameshift mutation that abolishes CAI-1 production. By contrast, their cqsS genes are intact. Correcting the P. angustum cqsA reading frame restores production of a mixture of CAI-1 moieties, including C8-CAI-1, C10-CAI-1, Ea-C8-CAI-1 and Ea-C10-CAI-1. This signal production profile matches the P. angustum CqsS receptor ligand-detection capability. The receptor exhibits a preference for molecules with 10-carbon tails, and the CqsS Ser(168) residue governs this preference. P. angustum can overcome the cqsA frameshift to produce CAI-1 under particular limiting growth conditions presumably through a ribosome slippage mechanism. Thus, we propose that P. angustum uses CAI-1 signalling for adaptation to stressful environments.
[Activity of lymphocytes from patients with malignant melanoma in a culture with phytohemagglutinin]. (1976)

In the present work, the authors have employed a test for blasttransformation and mitotic activity of lymphocytes in the culture with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-Difeo) to estimate the state of cell immunity in patients having malignant melanoma (95). A correlation was made between these tests and the number of lymphoid cells in patients blood prior to and 10--14 days after surgery, radio- and combined therapy. The most informative index of the cell immunity state in patients with malignant melanoma before application of special therapeutic measures was the absolute number of lymphocytes in blood, while following the treatment- the kinetics of the complex of tests under study.