gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Based Fiber Optic Sensors: Principle, Probe Designs, and Some Applications (2009)

Surface plasmon resonance technique in collaboration with optical fiber technology has brought tremendous advancements in sensing of various physical, chemical, and biochemical parameters. In this review article, we present the principle of SPR technique for sensing and various designs of the fiber optic SPR probe reported for the enhancement of the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, we present few examples of the surface plasmon resonance‐ (SPR‐) based fiber optic sensors. The present review may provide researchers valuable information regarding fiber optic SPR sensors and encourage them to take this area for further research and development.
Broadband matched-field processing (1993)

Acoustic energy in the ocean propagates from a source to an array of sensors via multiple pathways. Conventional time-delay-and-sum beamforming does not utilize energy contained in the multipath arrivals. In this paper, a generalized beamformer is presented which coherently recombines the multipaths to provide enhanced detectability of broadband transients as well as range and depth localization of the source. Modeling of the wave field at the array due to a broadband source is accomplished with a normal mode model using 1.0-Hz increments across the 1- to 100-Hz band. These results are combined to yield the impulse response from a specified source location to each of the array elements. The set of calculated impulse responses is used in the generalized beamformer to coherently recombine energy arriving along multipaths that exist from that source range and depth to the array. The location of a source is determined by examining the beamformer output at a number of candidate range/depth cells; a peak in the output gives the location of the source. Experimental data, consisting of multiple arrivals at a hydrophone array from an explosive source at mid-depth in 2800 m of water, are processed using the generalized beamformer.
Simulated crop yield in response to changes in climate and agricultural practices: results from a simple process based model (2013)

Global agriculture will, in the future, be faced with two main challenges: climate change and an increase in global food demand driven by an increase in population and changes in consumption habits. To be able to predict both the impacts of changes in climate on crop yields and the changes in agricultural practices necessary to respond to such impacts we currently need to improve our understanding of crop responses to climate and the predictive capability of our models. Ideally, what we would have at our disposal is a modelling tool which, given certain climatic conditions and agricultural practices, can predict the growth pattern and final yield of any of the major crops across the globe. We present a simple, process-based crop growth model based on the assumption that plants allocate above- and below-ground biomass to maintain overall carbon optimality and that, to maintain this optimality, the reproductive stage begins at peak nitrogen uptake. The model includes responses to available light, water, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration as well as nitrogen fertilisation and irrigation. The model is data constrained at two sites, the Yaqui Valley, Mexico for wheat and the Southern Great Plains flux site for maize and soybean, using a robust combination of space-based vegetation data (including data from the MODIS and Landsat TM and ETM instruments), as well as ground-based biomass and yield measurements. We show a number of climate response scenarios, including increases in temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations as well as responses to irrigation and fertiliser application.
Realization and calibration of the MIMO radar MIRA-CLE Ka (2014)

This paper presents the technical realization of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar MIRA-CLE Ka (MIMO radar-configurable in Ka-band). This system is a stationary imaging radar without any mechanical moving parts. It is highly portable, ready to use in only a couple of minutes, and it is able to process one radar image per second during continuous radar measurements in the current stage of development. In addition to the image processing, it is possible to detect changes in range of 0.1 mm in the illuminated scene. The MIMO system operates in Ka band and consists of 16 receive and 16 transmit elements, so that 256 virtual elements are generated during signal processing. The size of the antenna's frontend is about 80 cm in width. Owing to its compact size, flexibility, and realtime capability, the system offers a wide field of applications.
Ultra-low voltage CMOS logic circuits (2014)

The operation of digital circuits from power supply voltages of the order of 200 mV or less imposes that, in general, MOSFETs are biased in the subthreshold regime, characterized by the exponential relation between the control voltages and the current. In this tutorial paper we analyze some of the basic building blocks of digital circuits operating in the subthreshold region. We analyze the basic CMOS inverter as regards the voltage transfer characteristic, dynamic behavior, and power dissipation. To reduce the dependence of the drain current on the process parameters we show some compensation circuits that adjust the body voltage, with a small silicon area penalty. Some properties of the static random access memory (SRAM) are reviewed. Finally, the Schmitt Trigger inverter, which is well suited to replace the standard inverter as a basic building block for ultra-low-voltage operation, is briefly analyzed.
Investigating the main characteristics of 3D real time tele-immersive environments through the example of a computer augmented golf platform (2014)

This paper aims to identify and define the characteristics of 3D Real Time Tele-Immersive Environments (RT-TIE), which is central to the 3D-LIVE European Research Project. A RT-TIE allows a "twilight space" which is a space where users can be physically and virtually present. The main characteristics of these kinds of environments are: the use of real time interactions and immersive technologies, high costs (in most of the cases), a design process oriented on end-users and a disruptive user experience. Finally, a list of guidelines based on literature is suggested for the design of an augmented golf platform that is implemented in the context of the 3D-LIVE project.
El derecho al secreto de las comunicaciones privadas como derecho fundamental en la investigación de delitos de tráfico ilícito de sustancias controladas como delitos de lesa humanidad (2019)

One of the characteristics of the rule of law is related to the recognition, enjoyment and exercise of fundamental rights, which allows its citizens to live protected by a set of rules against the power of the State
Effect of hyaluronidase treatment of intact cells on hyaluronate synthetase activity (1985)

Hyaluronidase treatment of mouse oligodendroglioma cells in monolayer culture resulted in a 4-5-fold stimulation of hyaluronate synthetase, assayed in washed membrane preparations [Philipson, L., & Schwartz, N. B. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5017-5023]. We now report studies on the mechanism of the hyaluronidase-induced increase in the specific activity of the membrane-bound synthetase complex. The stimulation was dependent on the concentration of hyaluronidase but not on the particular bond cleaved or the nature of the product generated. Analysis of chain growth during cell-free synthesis by the disaccharide ratio method suggested that substantial internal labeling of hyaluronate chains had occurred. With both treated and untreated membranes, greater than 90% of incorporated (and recovered) radioactivity appeared in unsaturated disaccharides. Further analysis showed that hyaluronidase treatment increased both the rate of elongation and the rate of release of elongated chains from the enzyme complex. Hyaluronidase treatment also caused a change in the apparent steady-state kinetic patterns of double-reciprocal plots from intersecting lines for membranes from control cells to a family of parallel lines. Both the overall stimulation of synthesis and the change in apparent kinetic pattern were reversed by brief incubation of washed cells in the absence of hyaluronidase. These results have led to the development of an explicit kinetic model for hyaluronate synthesis which suggests an explanation for the switch in apparent kinetic patterns based on changing concentrations of a postulated key intermediate.
Combined Aortic and Mitral Valve Repair (2003)

Six patients, median age 63.3 years (range, 54 to 68 years), underwent concomitant mitral and aortic valve repair from January 2000 to August 2001. Surgical reports and general clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had degenerative valvular disease, although one patient also had annuloaortic ectasia. There were no surgical complications. The 30 day survival rate was 100%, and the New York Heart Association classification score improved from 2.2 (range, 1 to 2) preoperative, to 1.0 (all patients) postoperatively (p = 0.03) As measured by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from 6.0 cm (range, 5.4 to 6.3 cm) to 4.7 cm (range, 4.0 to 5.2 cm) and the left ventricular end-systolic diameter decreased from 3.7 cm (range, 3.4 to 4.1cm) to 3.1 cm (range, 2.9 to 3.7 cm). No patient developed endocarditis, thromboembolism or hemorrhage. There was no valve related morbidity during a 1 year follow up. Double valve repair is an acceptable alternative to valve replacement in selected patients with some types of valvular disease. Longer term follow up with greater numbers of patients is needed.
Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex? (2017)

Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of disease. Recent data have demonstrated that chronic inflammation exerts a strong influence on immune aging and is closely correlated with telomere length in a range of major pathologies. The current review discusses the impact of inflammation on immune aging, the likely molecular mediators of this process, and the various disease states that have been linked with immunosenescence. Emerging findings implicate NF-κB, the major driver of inflammatory signaling, in several processes that regulate telomere maintenance and/or telomerase activity. While prolonged triggering of pattern recognition receptors is now known to promote immunosenescence, it remains unclear how this process is linked with the telomere complex or telomerase activity. Indeed, enzymatic control of telomere length has been studied for many decades, but alternative roles of telomerase and potential influences on inflammatory responses are only now beginning to emerge. Crosstalk between these pathways may prove to be a key molecular mechanism of immunosenescence. Understanding how components of immune aging interact and modify host protection against pathogens and tumors will be essential for the design of new vaccines and therapies for a wide range of clinical scenarios.
Fractal-like tree networks increasing the permeability (2007)

The effective permeability of composites embedded with self-similar fractal-like tree networks is studied. The effective permeability tensor of the composites is derived and is found to be related to microstructures of the networks. The present results show that the larger the ratio of successive branching channel diameters, the higher the effective permeability; the higher the relative surface porosity of the tree networks and matrix, the higher the effective permeability; the denser the tree networks, the lower the effective permeability; the longer the branches, the lower the effective permeability. It is found that the dimensionless effective permeability of composites scales as the diameter exponent by K+(e,y) approximately beta alpham, with alpha approximately 4. It is also found that when m>1 and nbeta4/gamma<1, the effective permeability K+(e,y) scales as the iteration m, ln K+(e,y)/m approximately ln (nbeta4/gamma). The fractal-like tree networks can significantly increase the effective permeability of the composites compared to the traditional parallel nets under properly chosen structural parameters.
Vision Based Global Localization for Intelligent Vehicles (2006)

In this paper, we proposed a vision based global localization approach for intelligent vehicles. A single camera is used to determine vehicle's lateral and longitudinal offsets with respect to the road. Since the number of horizontal landmarks on the road is limited, an extended Kalman filter is used to fuse the results of odometry and vision, which also improves the system's reliability in case that landmarks disappear from camera's field of view. If locations of the landmarks are known a priori, the global pose of the vehicle can be estimated by the proposed methods. The algorithm is composed of two steps: landmarks detection using randomized Hough transform and data fusion with odometry. Experimental results with real data prove the high accuracy and low computation
Dynamic Car-Passenger Matching based on Tabu Search using Global Optimization with Time Windows (2019)

On-Demand Mobility is an increasingly popular concept especially in urban areas, which has the potential to reduce congestion and the space needed by privately owned vehicles due to shared car fleets. To avoid a decline of flexibility and convenience for the customers and to minimize the costs for the service provider, a fleet management algorithm matches the requests and the vehicles in order to quickly find a reliable and time efficient solution for the whole system. The focus of this work is to introduce a new approach to find solutions periodically using a Tabu Search metaheuristic, called Global Optimization with Time Windows. It is shown that this method allows significantly better solutions compared to those found by the Nearest Neighbor Policy, without losing the ability to quickly inform customers about their pick-up time.
Download Video 1 from Ovarian Cancer Spheroids Use Myosin-Generated Force to Clear the Mesothelium (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File Type: .mov; File Size: 4 MB.&lt;/p&gt;
[Vascular and rhegmatogenous peripheral retinal changes in essential systemic arterial hypertension]. (1986)

The authors examined the peripheral retina of 106 patients affected by essential hypertension grading from 1st to 3rd, as classified by WHO. Research of peripheral retinal vascular alterations and of theoretically possible resulting degenerative changes (lattice degeneration, while without pressure and snail tract degeneration) was carried out. The study included a control group of 39 healthy subjects. A statistical analysis of the resulting data was performed. This showed that the frequency of retinal peripheral vasculopathy is higher in the hypertensive group and is significantly related to the severity of hypertensive retinal angiopathy. In the same way, the incidence of peripheral retinal degenerative changes proved to be significantly higher among the hypertensive group than in the control group. However, a correlation between the frequency of retinal degenerative processes and the presence of vascular changes could not be assessed. The results obtained are discussed, suggesting that peripheral retinal angiopathy could act as a risk factor leading to degenerative alterations on a formerly predisposed retinal tissue.
Comparison of Sub-Scalp EEG and Endovascular Stent-Electrode Array for Visual Evoked Potential Brain-Computer Interface (2023)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) have the potential to improve the quality of life for persons with paralysis. Sub-scalp EEG provides an alternative BCI signal acquisition method that compromises between the limitations of traditional EEG systems and the risks associated with intracranial electrodes, and has shown promise in long-term seizure monitoring. However, sub-scalp EEG has not yet been assessed for suitability in BCI applications. This study presents a preliminary comparison of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded using subscalp and endovascular stent electrodes in a sheep. Sub-scalp electrodes recorded comparable VEP amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth to the stent electrodes.
Detection of Magnetic Dipole Target Signals by Using Convolution Neural Network (2018)

An intelligent method for detection of magnetic dipole target signals (MDTS) by using the convolution neural network (CNN) is proposed. First, the contaminated MDTS are intercepted and converted into 2D images through the Wigner-Ville time-frequency transforms. Then, a set of images are selected for training of the CNN until a satisfying level. Last, all images are tested to identify which images contain MDTS. Both simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method possess very high detection possibility, which, under the same signal-noise rate (SNR), outperform the conventional signal energy-based constant false alarm rate (CRAR) algorithm.
Natural Course of Neuroblastoma Detected by Mass Screening: A 5-Year Prospective Study at a Single Institution (2000)

None of our patients showed evidence of transition from favorable to unfavorable prognosis, a finding that points to a reduction in the significance of screening as a public health measure. Until results of ongoing screening trials involving older patients have been evaluated, the observation program can be used as a temporary measure to avoid, with little risk, unnecessary surgical intervention.
Improvement of bonding strength between biomimetic apatite coating and substrate (2007)

Bone-like apatite coatings were prepared using a biomimetic method in a modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). The effect of the m-SBF volume on the apatite coating quality was studied. Three m-SBF volumes, 50, 100, and 200 mL, were employed to immerse titanium substrates in a sealed container so as to produce apatite coatings with different properties, namely types I, type II, and type III apatite coatings, respectively. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscope. The bonding between the coating and the Ti substrate was evaluated using an adhesive strength test. All three apatite coatings demonstrated a poorly crystallized structure, and the coatings formed exhibited a uniformed surface morphology. Further increasing the m-SBF volume, small globules of apatite started to form on the surface of the coating. The bonding strength for the three coating systems were 8.52 +/- 2.41, 10.36 +/- 2.78, and 17.23 +/- 2.55 MPa for types I, II, and III apatite coatings, respectively. The failure analyses suggested that type III coating failed mostly at the interface between the coating and the substrate, while type I and II coatings failed mostly within the apatite coating. Our study revealed that a dense, thick, well-adhered apatite coating could be achieved by carefully controlling the volume of m-SBF.
Detection/decoding over channels with synchronization errors and inter-symbol interference (2012)

We consider coding schemes over an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) insertion/deletion channel with inter-symbol interference (ISI). The idea is based on a serial concatenation of a low-density parity check (LDPC) code with a marker code. First, we design a maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) detector operating at the bit level which jointly achieves synchronization for the insertion/deletion channel (with the help of the marker code) and equalization for the ISI channel. Utilizing this MAP detector together with an LDPC code with powerful error-correction capabilities, we demonstrate that reliable transmission over this channel is feasible. Then, we consider low-complexity channel detection algorithms needed for proper synchronization/equalization. Specifically, we use separate synchronization and equalization algorithms instead of joint detection and also explore the performance of M- and T-algorithms implemented as low complexity soft output channel detectors. Such schemes greatly reduce the amount of computations needed at the cost of some performance loss as illustrated via a set of simulation results.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AT THE ONSET OF EXUDATIVE CONVERSION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2019)

Characteristic choroidal neovascularization-associated morphological changes are preceding disease conversion, while vision loss at the onset of exudation is minimal. Individual lesion types are related to specific changes in optical coherence tomography morphology already before the time of conversion. Our findings may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and support the diagnosis of imminent disease conversion.
Formation Process of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> and CuO Hierarchical Nanostructures by Assembly of Hydrated Nanoparticles (2009)

Cu2(OH)2CO3 and CuO hierarchical nanostructures with variable morphologies were synthesized by controlled heating hydrated nanoparticles. The growth of nanostructures started with nanoparticles which formed loose aggregates. The nanoparticles within aggregates reorganized to form urchin-like structures which consisted of dense nanorods. With the growth of nanorods, regular microspheres were formed. At the same time, the nanorods coalesced to form wedge-like structures. The various surface subunits were just the outer display of wedge-like structures under different conditions. CuO nanostructures were gained by pyrolysis of malachite precursors. The attractive electrostatic force was responsible for aggregation of nanoparticles. During growth of aggregates, nanorods acted as growing tips which adsorbed adjacent nanoparticles. The Brownian motion was responsible for reorientation of nanoparticles to achieve low-energy configuration. Adsorbed water played an important role during formation of malachite nanostructures. The effect of growing environments on nanostructures was investigated. XRD, SEM, TEM and BET and so on were used to characterize the products.
p-Type Surface Layers in Ion-Bombarded Silicon (1965)

Silicon is bombarded at 400° to 900°C in a glow discharge of hydrogen with phosphine or diborane admixtures. Below 700°C, bombardment of n-type silicon with an initial resistivity of 200 Ω-cm creates deep (0.5–2.5μ) p-type surface layers regardless of gas composition. The concentration NA(x) of the acceptors in the p layers obeys a simple law: NA(x)=N0 exp(−x/L). N0 is the surface concentration at x=0 which increases from 3.5×1016 acceptors cm−3 to 4×1018 acceptors cm−3 for bombardment temperatures increasing from 500° to 650°C. The decay constant L is found to be 0.2 μ. Annealing experiments rule out the hypothesis that the p layers are caused by fast-diffusing acceptor impurities, e.g. aluminum or boron. It is proposed that the p layers are formed by vacancies which act as acceptor-like defects.
Recombinant Adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated transduction and optogenetic manipulation of cortical neurons in vitro (2014)

Genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins can be used to manipulate and observe cellular functions. According to different modes of action, these proteins are divided into actuators like the blue-light gated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and detectors like the calcium sensor GCaMP. In order to optogenetically control and study the activity of rat primary cortical neurons, we established a transduction procedure using recombinant Adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) as gene-ferries. Thereby, we achieved high transduction rates of these neurons with ChR2. In ChR2 expressing neurons, action potentials could be repeatedly and precisely elicited with laser pulses and measured via patch clamp recording.