gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ortho‐Anisylsulfonyl as a Protecting Group for Secondary Amines: Mild Ni0‐Catalyzed Hydrodesulfonylation (2004)

A potentially good alternative to the tosyl group (Ts) as a protecting group for amines is N-ortho-anisylsulfonyl (Ans), which is readily cleaved under mild, Ni0-catalyzed reductive conditions (see scheme, acac=acetylacetonate). N-Anisylation of primary amines followed by alkylation and deprotection provides a route to a range of secondary amines. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52634_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Immunomodulation of dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of nicotine with lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (2012)

Tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal diseases. Nicotine, one of the most studied constituents in cigarette smoke, is thought to modify immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are key mediators between innate and adaptive immunity, stimulate naive T cells to differentiate to effector T-cell subsets that may be actively involved in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis, alone and in combination, on the functions of human monocyte-derived DCs to elucidate the mechanism of tissue destruction of smoking-associated periodontal diseases. P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated DCs differentiated with nicotine (NiDCs) induced lower T-cell proliferation and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression, but elevated expression of programmed cell death ligand 1. Additionally, NiDCs impaired interferon-γ production but maintained interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 production in co-cultured T cells. Furthermore, NiDCs produced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with DCs differentiated in the absence of nicotine. Interestingly, NiDCs preferentially produced the T helper 2 (Th2)-type chemokines macrophage chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage-derived chemokine. These results suggest that the presence of nicotine during differentiation of DCs modulates the immunoregulatory functions of P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated DCs.
CDK4: A Key Player in the Cell Cycle, Development, and Cancer (2012)

The cell cycle is regulated in part by cyclins and their associated serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDKs. CDK4, in conjunction with the D-type cyclins, mediates progression through the G1 phase when the cell prepares to initiate DNA synthesis. Although CDK4-null mutant mice are viable and cell proliferation is not significantly affected in vitro due to compensatory roles played by other CDKs, this gene plays a key role in mammalian development and cancer. This review discusses the role that CDK4 plays in cell cycle control, normal development, and tumorigenesis as well as how small molecule inhibitors of CDK4 can be used to treat disease.
Laser hair removal after surgery vs. surgery alone for the treatment of pilonidal cysts: a retrospective case–control study (2018)

Laser hair removal decreases the risk of delayed healing and of recurrences of PNL after surgical procedure.
Calciumantagonisten in der Kontroverse: Gibt es eine rationale Differentialtherapie?* (2008)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Growth Regulators and Conifers: Their Physiology and Potential Uses in Forestry (2018)

This chapter shows that what is known about growth regulators in relation to the physiological processes of dormancy, cold hardiness, and water deficits in tree species. It reviews the known roles of growth regulators on stem elongation, cambial activity, root growth and tree form in order to provide a basis for considering their potential uses for manipulating these processes. Some of the plant growth regulators, most notably the auxins, can be used in forest practice as herbicides. The correlative inhibition of lateral buds and shoots by the apical shoot was one of the first physiological processes to be recognized as linking the control of growth in one part of a plant to a hormone produced in another part. Conifers exhibit juvenile phases for leaf morphology, ability to be propagated vegetatively, rapidity of growth, apical form, and ability to flower. It is now apparent that a large number of conifers will flower in response to exogenous application of gibberellins.
Systematic mutagenesis of the yeast mating pheromone receptor third intracellular loop. (1994)

Signal transduction in the mating pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by binding of a peptide pheromone to a G protein-coupled receptor (Ste2). We systematically have mutated the third intracellular loop of the Ste2 receptor to investigate its functional significance. We substituted each of the 13 amino acids in the loop with alanine individually or together with one other residue. In addition, we used a site-directed random replacement mutagenesis technique to replace a region encoding three amino acids in the loop with random sequence. Over 80 such Ste2 mutants have been analyzed by several functional and biochemical criteria in a yeast strain that carries a genomic deletion of the STE2 gene. The mutant phenotypes range from fully functional to severely compromised in signaling. The observation that amino acid substitutions in the third intracellular loop of the Ste2 receptor can affect activation of the yeast mating response implicates the loop in this signal transduction pathway. The types of mutations that compromise the function of the receptor may provide clues to the physical interaction between the receptor and the G protein.
Expansion planning of generation systems under uncertainties (1995)

The generating capacity expansion problem for a single-area system is addressed from a new point of view. The proposed method calculates confidence limits, or percentiles, for all loss of load indices, including failure frequency and duration, by considering uncertainties in the generation transition rates and forecast peak loads. The generating capacity expansion is then determined through risk indices percentiles, instead of the usual expected values. The proposed methodology is applied to a Brazilian Southern system configuration, including ITAIPU hydro power plant. 7 refs, 4 tabs
Optimal apodizations for on-axis vector vortex coronagraphs (2014)

Imaging planets requires instruments capable of dealing with extreme contrast ratios and that have a high resolution. Coronagraphs that can reach a contrast ratio in a neighborhood of 10<sup>9</sup> will be capable of observing Jupiter-like planets, while those with a contrast greater than a benchmark number of 10<sup>10</sup> to within a few &lambda;/D of an on-axis star will render possible imaging of Earth-like planets. Plans for achieving this feat have been developed for use on telescopes with unobscured, circularly symmetric apertures. However; given that the next generation of large telescopes are on-axis designs with support structures in the telescope aperture and a central obstruction due to the secondary mirror, it has proven necessary to develop coronagraphic techniques that compensate for obstructions. Pueyo and Norman (2012) present a possible solution to the problem of the support structures using ACAD. In this paper, we present a coronagraphic design that uses a vector vortex and pupil apodization to compensate for the secondary mirror that could possibly be used in conjunction with a wavefront control system and/or ACAD. This coronagraph is capable of achieving a contrast ratio of at least 10<sup>10</sup> in a working angle of (1:5 - 30) &lambda;/D in conjunction with an on-axis telescope. We can construct our pupil using a classical transmissive apodizer or pupil remapping. We find that the mirror shapes required are relatively simple (requiring &le; 40 degrees of freedom to describe) and we expect they will be feasible to manufacture, and potentially even to implement with deformable mirrors. By combining existing high-contrast imaging techniques, we demonstrate that a relatively simple design may be used to image exo-Earths.
Re: CAPTCHAs: understanding CAPTCHA-solving services in an economic context (2010)

Reverse Turing tests, or CAPTCHAs, have become an ubiquitous defense used to protect open Web resources from being exploited at scale. An effective CAPTCHA resists existing mechanistic software solving, yet can be solved with high probability by a human being. In response, a robust solving ecosystem has emerged, reselling both automated solving technology and realtime human labor to bypass these protections. Thus, CAPTCHAs can increasingly be understood and evaluated in purely economic terms; the market price of a solution vs the monetizable value of the asset being protected. We examine the market-side of this question in depth, analyzing the behavior and dynamics of CAPTCHA-solving service providers, their price performance, and the underlying labor markets driving this economy. 1
EOG-based drowsiness detection using convolutional neural networks (2014)

This study provides a new application of convolutional neural networks for drowsiness detection based on electrooculography (EOG) signals. Drowsiness is charged to be one of the major causes of traffic accidents. Such application is helpful to reduce losses of casualty and property. Most attempts at drowsiness detection based on EOG involve a feature extraction step, which is accounted as time-consuming task, and it is difficult to extract effective features. In this paper, an unsupervised learning is proposed to estimate driver fatigue based on EOG. A convolutional neural network with a linear regression layer is applied to EOG signals in order to avoid using of manual features. With a postprocessing step of linear dynamic system (LDS), we are able to capture the physiological status shifting. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by the correlation coefficients between the final outputs and the local error rates of the subjects. Compared with the results of a manual ad-hoc feature extraction approach, our method is proven to be effective for drowsiness detection.
RP-HPLC MICROCHIP SEPARATIONS WITH SUBNANOLITER ON-CHIP PRESSURE INJECTIONS (2003)

On-chip HPLC separations require a fluidic control system that can reliably deliver lowvolume, high-pressure fluidic injections. We present a valving scheme that allows for metered, diffusionless, on-chip pressure injections. Microvalves are fabricated using insitu photopolymerization of a fluorinated acrylate polymer that moves in response to pressure differentials. The valves are inert and can withhold high pressures. In a similar manner, a reversed-phase separation column is fabricated using phase-separation polymerization of a stearyl acyrlate polymer covalently bonded to the microfluidic substrate. The performance of the column is demonstrated by a rapid HPLC separation of a peptide mixture. The on-chin iniector is actuated via a pressure differential and can meter sample volumes less than 1dL.
From pull-down data to protein interaction networks and complexes with biological relevance (2008)

Abstract Motivation: Recent improvements in high-throughput Mass Spectrometry (MS) technology have expedited genome-wide discovery of protein–protein interactions by providing a capability of detecting protein complexes in a physiological setting. Computational inference of protein interaction networks and protein complexes from MS data are challenging. Advances are required in developing robust and seamlessly integrated procedures for assessment of protein–protein interaction affinities, mathematical representation of protein interaction networks, discovery of protein complexes and evaluation of their biological relevance. Results: A multi-step but easy-to-follow framework for identifying protein complexes from MS pull-down data is introduced. It assesses interaction affinity between two proteins based on similarity of their co-purification patterns derived from MS data. It constructs a protein interaction network by adopting a knowledge-guided threshold selection method. Based on the network, it identifies protein complexes and infers their core components using a graph-theoretical approach. It deploys a statistical evaluation procedure to assess biological relevance of each found complex. On Saccharomyces cerevisiae pull-down data, the framework outperformed other more complicated schemes by at least 10% in F1-measure and identified 610 protein complexes with high-functional homogeneity based on the enrichment in Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. Manual examination of the complexes brought forward the hypotheses on cause of false identifications. Namely, co-purification of different protein complexes as mediated by a common non-protein molecule, such as DNA, might be a source of false positives. Protein identification bias in pull-down technology, such as the hydrophilic bias could result in false negatives. Contact: samatovan@ornl.gov Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Real-time playback in animation systems (1977)

A technique often employed in animated vector graphics involves the use of a real-time playback mechanism. This technique is an alternative when it is not possible to generate animation frames in real-time. Instead frames are compiled in advance at non-real-time rates, saved in secondary storage, and then played back at desired real-time rates. The basic design of such a playback mechanism will be considered, including discussions of synchronization, buffering, and blocking. Two special properties will be established for these systems: the conditions required to achieve real-time reversal in the direction of the playback sequence, and the existence of upstream/downstream effects, performance differences between directions in systems that are run "too fast."
Membrane Microvesicles as Actors in the Establishment of a Favorable Prostatic Tumoral Niche: A Role for Activated Fibroblasts and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis (2009)

Tumor microenvironment is enriched in plasma membrane microvesicles (MV) shed from all cell types that constitute the tumor mass, reflecting the antigenic profile of the cells they originate from. Fibroblasts and tumor cells mutually communicate within tumor microenvironment. Recent evidences suggest that tumor-derived MVs (TMV) exert a broad array of biological functions in cell-to-cell communication. To elucidate their role in cancer-to-fibroblast cell communication, TMV obtained from two prostate carcinoma cell lines with high and weak metastatic potential (PC3 and LnCaP, respectively) have been characterized. TMV exhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and extracellular MMP inducer at their surface, suggesting a role in extracellular matrix degradation. Moreover, TMV not only induce the activation of fibroblasts assessed through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and MMP-9 up-regulation, increase motility and resistance to apoptosis but also promote MV shedding from activated fibroblasts able in turn to increase migration and invasion of highly metastatic PC3 cells but not LnCaP cells. PC3 cell chemotaxis seems, at least partially, dependent on membrane-bound CX3CL1/fractalkine ligand for chemokine receptor CX3CR1. The present results highlight a mechanism of mutual communication attributable not only to soluble factors but also to determinants harbored by MV, possibly contributing to the constitution of a favorable niche for cancer development.
A Promising Tool in Retina Regeneration: Current Perspectives and Challenges When Using Mesenchymal Progenitor Stem Cells in Veterinary and Human Ophthalmological Applications (2017)

Visual impairment is a common ailment of the current world population, with more exposure to CCD screens and fluorescent lighting, approximately 285 billion people suffer from this deficiency and 13% of those are considered clinically blind. More common causes for visual impairment include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (Zhu et al. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2015; Kolb et al. 2007; Machalińska et al. Current Eye Research, 34(9),748-760, 2009) among a few. As cases of retinal and optic nerve diseases rise, it is vital to find a treatment, which has led to investigation of the therapeutic potential of various stem cells types (Bull et al. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 50(9), 4244, 2009; Bull et al. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 49(8), 3449, 2008; Yu et al. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 344(4), 1071-1079, 2006; Na et al. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 247(4), 503-514, 2008). In previous studies, some of the stem cell variants used include human Muller SCs and bone marrow derived SCs. Some of the regenerative potential characteristics of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells (MSCs) include their multilineage differentiation potential, their immunomodulatory effects, their high proliferative activity, they can be easily cultured in vitro, and finally their potential to synthesize and secrete membrane derived vesicles rich in growth factors, mRNA and miRNA which possibly aid in regulation of tissue damage regeneration. These facts alone, explain why MSCs are so widely used in clinical trials, 350 up to date (Switonski, Reproductive Biology, 14(1), 44-50, 2014). Animal studies have demonstrated that sub-retinal transplantation of MSCs delays retinal degeneration and preserves retinal function through trophic response (Inoue et al. Experimental Eye Research, 85(2), 234-241, 2007). Umbilical cord derived MSCs (UC/MSCs) have also been shown to contain neuroprotective features of ganglion cells in rat studies (Zwart et al. Experimental Neurology, 216(2), 439-448, 2009). This review aims to present current MSC therapies in practice, as well as their retinal regeneration potential in animal models, and their innovative prospects for treatment of human retinal diseases.
Predicting depressed and elevated mood symptomatology in bipolar disorder using brain functional connectomes (2023)

This study identified distributed functional connectomes predictive of depressed and elevated mood severity in BD. Connectomes subserving emotional, cognitive, and psychomotor control predicted depressed mood severity, while those subserving emotional and social perceptual functions predicted elevated mood severity. Identification of these connectome networks may help inform the development of targeted treatments for mood symptoms.
Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy by Targeting Dendritic Cells In Vivo Using Receptor-Specific Aptamer Conjugated to Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA)-Encoding RNA (2011)

Abstract : Dendritic cells (DCs), recognized as major antigen presenting cells, are uniquely equipped to initiate and regulate immune responses, making them a key target for developing new therapies. Although ex vivo DC therapy has shown promise, it is a customized, complex, patient-specific cell therapy that reduces its universal applicability for cancer. Directly targeting antigens to DCs in vivo will facilitate the development of an off-the-shelf tumor vaccine that circumvents the need for ex vivo DC loading. DCs express a number of specialized endocytic receptors of the C-type lectin family enabling capture of antigen by receptor-mediated endocytosis at very low concentrations. To deliver antigens to DCs in vivo, we developed artificial receptor ligands to the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR or CD206), an endocytic C-type lectin receptor expressed on DCs and macrophages. An RNA aptamer library comprised of 40 randomized nucleotides and modified with 2 Fluoro-modified pyrimidines for improved nuclease resistance was selected for affinity binding to MMR. A complex selection scheme with alternating rounds on both, recombinant human and murine MMR, as well as on cells engineered to express human MMR enabled us to identify cross-reactive aptamers that recognize MMR with high affinity. A truncated, minimal version of the identified aptamer with retained receptor-binding properties gets rapidly internalized into human monocyte-derived DCs in vitro.
A simple method of arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1984)

Eighty-seven feet have been reviewed after arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint stabilised by chromic catgut. Radiological union was present in 90% of patients at the mean review time of six years. Twenty-four patients had significant metatarsalgia before operation and only two failed to improve afterwards. Excellent or good subjective results were reported in 94% of patients at review. Chromic catgut is advocated as a simple and effective method of stabilising an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
Wound Dressing: From Nanomaterials to Diagnostic Dressings and Healing Evaluations (2022)

Wound dressings based on nanomaterials play a crucial role in wound treatment and are widely used in a whole range of medical settings, from minor to life-threatening tissue injuries. This article presents an educational review on the accumulating knowledge in this multidisciplinary area to lay out the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead and ignite the further and faster development of clinically valuable technologies. The review analyzes the functional advantages of nanomaterial-based gauzes and hydrogels as well as hybrid structures thereof. On this basis, the review presents state-of-the-art advances to transfer the (semi)blind approaches to the evaluation of a wound state to smart wound dressings that enable real-time monitoring and diagnostic functions that could help in wound evaluation during healing. This review explores the translation of nanomaterial-based wound dressings and related medical aspects into real-world use. The ongoing challenges and future opportunities associated with nanomaterial-based wound dressings and related clinical decisions are presented and reviewed.
Balloon dilatation of the prostate--should it have a place in the urologist's armamentarium? (1993)

Transurethral balloon dilatation of the prostate is a safe method of treating benign prostatic hyperplasia; it has been largely free of complications, and does not produce retrograde ejaculation. However doubts remain over its efficacy. We have performed balloon dilatation on 28 patients using balloons of diameter 30 mm (90F), and one year follow-up data is now available on 20 patients. Nine patients were satisfied with the outcome of treatment and reported reductions in their symptom score by a mean of 8.8 points. In addition, eight of these patients showed a reduction in their ultrasound residual volume by a mean volume of 75 ml. However urinary flow rate was only improved in four. Of the remaining 11 patients, two showed some initial improvement but then relapsed and nine derived no benefit from the procedure. We conclude that balloon dilatation may be of value in younger patients wishing to avoid or delay TURP, but is unlikely to achieve wider application.
Disturbances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. (1978)

The weaknesses are scanty and well localised.For instance, in one of the home team's contributions, claiming to show a reduction of gliadin toxicity by enzymic cleavage of a carbohydrate side chain, the key to the symbols in the figures is defective, nullifying detailed interpretation.The chief strength is that this is a faith- ful piece of reporting, conveying the atmosphere in the discussions as well as accurately presenting the papers.