gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Diisobutylaluminum‐Promoted Regioselective De‐O‐benzylation of Perbenzylated Cyclodextrins: A Powerful New Strategy for the Preparation of Selectively Modified Cyclodextrins. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Extension de ML avec raffinement : syntaxe, sémantiques et système de types (2006)

Le raffinement est une methode pour deriver des programmes corrects a partir de specifications. Un langage de types expressif est un autre moyen d'assurer la correction des programmes. Nous proposons une extension du langage ML permettant de verifier la correction des programmes ML en combinant ces deux approches : les programmes peuvent etre construits par raffinements successifs de specifications, la correction de chaque etape etant garantie par un systeme de types. Au niveau syntaxique, notre extension ajoute les types de base aux expressions, introduisant de ce fait du sous-determinisme et des types dependants. Elle integre egalement une nouvelle construction, appelee application demoniaque, de maniere a augmenter la puissance du langage de specification. Nous etudions les semantiques denotationnelle et operationnelle de l'extension proposee. Nous demontrons leur equivalence ainsi que leur conservativite par rapport a la semantique habituelle de ML. Nous proposons egalement un systeme de generation d'obligations de preuve: si ces dernieres sont prouvees correctes par l'utilisateur, alors la correction du programme vis-a-vis de sa specification est garantie. Par ailleurs, un prototype de l'extension proposee a ete implante, fournissant de premiers resultats experimentaux prometteurs. Enfin, l'ajout de caracteristiques propres a ML et manquantes dans notre extension est egalement discute.
Effect of spin Hall torque on current-induced precessional domain wall motion (2014)

Two important mechanisms for current-induced domain wall (DW) dynamics, namely, precessional DW motion driven by the adiabatic spin transfer torque and steady DW motion induced by the spin Hall torque, have been proposed and experimentally confirmed. However, the effect of the spin Hall torque on precessional DW motion has not been reported yet. Here, we show that the spin Hall torque affects the precessional DW motion when the in-plane field is applied. It is found that the in-plane field induces a half rotation time difference during DW precession, which gives rise to the nonvanishing spin Hall torque on the precessional DW motion.
Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity (2009)

The growing incidence of prediabetes and clinical type 2 diabetes, in part characterised by insulin resistance, is a critical health problem with consequent devastating personal and health-care costs. Vitamin D status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, is inversely associated with diabetes in epidemiological studies. Several clinical intervention studies also support that vitamin D, or its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), improves insulin sensitivity, even in subjects with glucose metabolism parameters classified within normal ranges. The mechanisms proposed which may underlie this effect include potential relationships with improvements in lean mass, regulation of insulin release, altered insulin receptor expression and specific effects on insulin action. These actions may be mediated by systemic or local production of 1,25(OH)2D or by suppression of parathyroid hormone, which may function to negatively affect insulin sensitivity. Thus, substantial evidence supports a relationship between vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity; however, the underlying mechanisms require further exploration.
A Plug&amp;Play Architecture for Low-Power Measurement Systems (2006)

An architecture for low-power measurement systems has been designed and employed to arrange a temperature measurement system based on a transponder. The described architecture is modular and the measurement modules have hot-swap and plug&play capabilities. The architecture, therefore, is able to automatically neither identify and configure the measurement modules, so that a new module can be added to the measurement system without power down the system nor interrupt the measurement session. This is particularly useful when long measurement procedures are carried out and the user has the requirement to extend the system
Precise and rapid wavelength-switching of fibrelaser using semiconductoroptical amplifier (2001)

A simple fibre laser scheme for fast and accurate wavelength switching is demonstrated, with a semiconductor optical amplifier being used as the gain medium. The laser cavity is composed of a Fabry-Perot semiconductor filter (FPSF) and a set of narrow-band fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs), which determine the wavelength references. The FPSF can be tuned by changing its injection current to select a particular wavelength from those of the FBGs, and a wide tuning range can be achieved based on the Vernier effect. During switching between two discrete wavelengths, a build-up time as short as several microseconds was obtained. Furthermore, because of the short upper-state lifetime of a semiconductor amplifier, relaxation oscillations caused by wavelength switching were eliminated.
Molecular Characterization of Prokaryotic Communities Associated with Lonar Crater Basalts (2013)

The Lonar crater is an unusually well-preserved meteorite impact structure that is located in one of the largest volcanic provinces on Earth (i.e., the Deccan Traps in India). The diversity of endoliths in Lonar crater basalts or Deccan flood basalts is not known. Here, the phylogenetic diversity of endolithic Bacteria and Archaea inhabiting basalts retrieved from four discrete sampling sites on the Lonar crater walls and the lake-bed was assessed using culture-independent molecular methods. Taxonomic classification of 16S rRNA gene sequences from all four basalt samples revealed similarities as well as dissimilarities in the presence or absence of several prokaryotic taxa. Cluster analysis of Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints and UniFrac analysis of clone library sequences suggested substantial variations in bacterial and archaeal diversity between crater-wall and lake-bed sites. Although sequences affiliated to the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were relatively more abundant in crater-wall basalts than in lake-bed basalts; the reverse was observed for sequences related to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Archaea in crater-wall and lake-bed basalt libraries were almost completely represented by Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, respectively. Diversity indices and richness estimates suggested the diversity of endolithic Bacteria to be higher than that of Archaea in the Lonar crater basalts. A substantial number of clone library sequences did not affiliate with extant Bacteria and Archaea. The detection of several putative lineages associated with C, N and S cycling suggests that the Lonar crater basalts are colonized by metabolically diverse prokaryotic communities involved in biogeochemical cycling of major elements.
Hydrogen-Bonded Superstructures of a Small Host Molecule and Lanthanide Aquo Ions (2003)

Despite containing only relatively small molecular components, the structure of [Eu(H(2)O)(9)](1.5)(CTV)(6)(CH(3)CN)(5.5)(H(2)O)(7.5)[Co(C(2)B(9)H(11))(2)](4.5) (C(191)H(337.5)B(81)Co(4.5)Eu(1.5)N(5.5)O(57), a = 54.590(2) A, b = 37.5788(17) A, c = 31.8067(14) A, beta = 116.573(2) degrees, monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 8) is of an unusually large size and level of complexity, with an intricate hydrogen-bonding network formed between lanthanide aquo ions, water, and the small host molecule cyclotriveratrylene (=CTV). The 3D hydrogen-bonded network structure that results is unique and too complicated to apply the usual topological analysis. Instead a simplified model using structural subunits is described.
Redox‐Regulation of Glutathione Synthesis in Plants (2006)

In plants, glutathione accumulates in response to different stress stimuli as a protective mechanism, but only limited biochemical information is available on the plant enzymes that synthesize glutathione. Glutamate‐cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first step in glutathione biosynthesis and plays an important role in regulating the intracellular redox environment. Arabidopsis thaliana GCL (AtGCL) displays no significant homology to the GCL from bacteria and other eukaryotes; however, kinetic analysis shows that AtGCL is functionally similar to the enzyme from other organisms. Buthionine sulfoximine and cystamine inactivate AtGCL, but with inactivation rates much slower than those of the mammalian, bacterial, and nematode enzymes. Global fitting analysis of initial velocity data indicates that a random ter‐reactant mechanism with a preferred binding order best describes the kinetic mechanism of AtGCL. Unlike the mammalian GCL, which consist of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, AtGCL functions as a monomeric protein. In response to changes in redox environment, AtGCL undergoes a reversible conformational change that modulates the enzymatic activity of the monomer. Because reducing agents mediate this change, an intramolecular disulfide bond is likely involved. Thus, regulation of AtGCL does not require association with a regulatory subunit, as in the mammalian system, for activation. This model for controlling AtGCL activity explains observations that oxidative stimulus induces glutathione synthesis without increased gene expression in plants. Similar redox signal‐induced conformational switching by disulfide formation occurs in other proteins, including Yap1, thioredoxins, and OxyR.
Instrumentation for direct microscopic elemental analysis of frozen biological tissue (1974)

A system has been devised to provide direct observation of frozen biological tissue in the scanning electron microscope. Both transmission and secondary electron methods of signal collection have been obtained. In combination with energy elective fluorescent x-ray analysis, the elemental constituents of subcellular regions less than 1000 Å in diameter have been analyzed in the transmission mode of operation. Transmission scanning electron micrographs of frozen muscle shows significant microstructural differences with conventionally obtained electron micrographs although dark bands, possibly corresponding to z zones of classically observed spacing, are seen.
Selective and High-Yield Synthesis of Higher Fullerenes (1995)

Fullerenes have been prepared by de are synthesis with graphite (anode) rods containing light elements such as B, Si, or Al in a series of concentrations. Furthermore, the influence of mixing N-2(g) with He(g) on the yield of higher fullerenes has been addressed, For each type of experiment, the relative fullerene yields are obtained from the relative peak areas in surface analysis by laser ionization-mass spectrometry (SALI-MS) spectra and the absolute yield of C-60 and C-70 from calibrated HPLC; the relative yields in SALI-MS represent closely the nascent distribution in the primary soots. We determine the approximate absolute yields of higher fullerenes, for which extinction coefficients are not yet available for HPLC analysis, by scaling the absolute C-60 and C-70 yields with the relative concentrations from SALI-MS. The most prominent increased higher fullerene yield was obtained with a 1% B-doped graphite rod with a 2:100 volume mixture of Nz(g):He(g); the absolute yield of C-60 was reduced from 8.85% to 2.75%, and the yield of higher fullerenes such as C-78 and C-84 was increased by a factor of 2 over the pure C, pure He(g) case. We conclude that using a B-doped graphite rod and mixing in small amounts of Nz(g) into He(g) enhances both the absolute and relative yields of higher fullerenes.
Formulation and Characterization of Orally Dissolving Thin Films containing the German cockroach Blatella germanica (Bla g 2) Allergen. (2014)

Allergy and asthma are among the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Cockroach allergy is an important contributor to asthma morbidity, with a prevalence of 17 to 41%. Immunotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for other allergies that contribute to asthma, but several factors have limited its use for cockroach allergy. In this work, a sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) formulation of orally dissolving thin film has been developed for the treatment of hypersensitivity to the German cockroach Bla g 2 allergen. The formulation allows for the incorporation of up to 25 μg/film of the allergen protein, and the film's mucoadhesiveness prolongs the effect of the allergen with the potential for enhanced efficacy. The potency and dose uniformity of the SLIT formulation were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and other physicochemical properties were evaluated by spectroscopic or mechanistic methods. The films were uniform in weight and thickness, and demonstrated substantial physical strength to allow easy manipulation during manufacturing and dosing. The dosage uniformity, in vitro disintegration and in vitro dissolution profiles of the films were within the acceptance criteria in the United States Pharmacopeia. The developed SLIT methodology possesses the potential to significantly improve immunotherapy for both food and inhalant allergies in adults and children.
Lithium Doping to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance of MgAgSb with Weak Electron–Phonon Coupling (2016)

Despite the unfavorable band structure with twofold degeneracy at the valence band maximum, MgAgSb is still an excellent p‐type thermoelectric material for applications near room temperature. The intrinsically weak electron–phonon coupling, reflected by the low deformation potential E def ≈ 6.3 eV, plays a crucial role in the relatively high power factor of MgAgSb. More importantly, Li is successfully doped into Mg site to tune the carrier concentration, leading to the resistivity reduction by a factor of 3 and a consequent increase in power factor by ≈30% at 300 K. Low lattice thermal conductivity can be simultaneously achieved by all‐scale hierarchical phonon scattering architecture including high density of dislocations and nanoscale stacking faults, nanoinclusions, and multiscale grain boundaries. Collectively, much higher average power factor ≈25 μW cm −1 K −2 with a high average ZT ≈ 1.1 from 300 to 548 K is achieved for 0.01 Li doping, which would result in a high output power density ≈1.56 W cm −2 and leg efficiency ≈9.2% by calculations assuming cold‐side temperature T c = 323 K, hot‐side temperature T h = 548 K, and leg length = 2 mm.
STEM-16. IGF1/N-CADHERIN/b-CATENIN/CLUSTERIN SIGNALING AXIS MEDIATES ADAPTIVE RADIORESISTANCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2020)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is composed of heterogeneous tumor cell populations including those with stem cell properties, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are innately less radiation sensitive than the tumor bulk and are believed to drive GBM formation and recurrence after repeated irradiation. However, it is unclear how GSCs adapt to escape the toxicity of repeated irradiation used in clinical practice. To identify important mediators of adaptive radioresistance, we generated radioresistant human and mouse GSCs by exposing them to repeat cycles of irradiation. Surviving subpopulations acquired strong radioresistance in vivo, which was accompanied by increased cell-cell adhesion, slower proliferation, an elevation of stemness properties and N-cadherin expression. Increasing N-cadherin expression rendered parental GSCs radioresistant, reduced their proliferation, and increased their stemness and intercellular adhesive properties. Conversely, radioresistant GSCs lost their acquired phenotypes upon CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of N-cadherin. Mechanistically, elevated N-cadherin expression resulted in the accumulation of b-catenin at the cell surface, which suppressed Wnt/ b-catenin proliferative signaling, reduced neural differentiation, and protected against apoptosis through Clusterin secretion. Restoration of wild type N-cadherin, but not mutant N-cad lacking b-catenin binding region, led to induce radioresistance in N-cadherin knockout GSCs, indicating the importance of the binding between N-cadherin and b-catenin. We also demonstrated that N-cadherin upregulation was induced by radiation-induced IGF1 secretion, and the radiation resistance phenotype could be reverted with picropodophyllin (PPP), a clinically applicable blood-brain-barrier permeable IGF1 receptor inhibitor, supporting clinical translation. Moreover, the elevation of N-cad and Clusterin are related to prognosis of GBM in the TCGA dataset. In conclusion, our data indicate that IGF1R inhibitor can block the N-cadherin-mediated resistance pathway. Our study deepens our understanding of adaptive radioresistance during repeated irradiation in GBM, and validates the IGF1/N-cadherin/b-catenin/Clusterin signaling axis as a novel target for radio-sensitization, which has direct therapeutic applicability.
Study to optimize speech clarity in a hospital pediatric trauma room, using newly patented tuning tube and a custom nonwoven fabric (2014)

There are several acoustic requirements in order to optimize the healing environment for the patients in a trauma room, as well as increase medical staff concentration and clarity of speech within the room. This is especially true in a pediatric setting. First, there is the requirement that the reverberation time of the room must be reduced in order to assist in hearing/speech clarity while adhering to clean room standards. Secondly, there needs to be an increase in the signal to noise ratio (SNR). A greater SNR assists in hearing/speech clarity; the lower reverberation time also assists in preventing the various intrusive mechanical sounds from becoming amplified and further reducing the SNR. In addition to these two standard room requirements, there is also a need for the reduction of lower frequency sounds within a room, such as sounds typical of mechanical equipment. Since standard products used to absorb sound have more absorption in speech frequencies, there is a need for products that have greater absorption in lower frequencies. This paper presents background on two SoundSense patented products that were used in a study for improved conditions and outcomes in a hospital pediatric trauma room.
Measuring outcome differences associated with STEMI screening and diagnostic performance: a multicentred retrospective cohort study protocol (2018)

The completion of this study will provide critical feedback on the quality of screening and diagnostic performance within the contemporary STEMI care pathway that can be used to (1) improve emergency care delivery for patients with STEMI presenting to the ED, (2) present novel metrics for the comparison of screening and diagnostic care and (3) inform the development of screening and diagnostic support tools that could be translated to other care environments. We will disseminate our results via publication and quality performance data sharing with each site. Institutional ethics review approval was received prior to study initiation.
Long Term Performance Retention Test Using High Power COTS NiCd and NiMH Cells (2003)

This slide presentation reviews the tests and results for performance retention of high powered commercial off the shelf (COTS) NiCd, and NiMH cells. Electromechanical actuators for space flight requires short duration high power batteries. The concern is that NiCd battery designs demonstrate an unfavorable power degradation after long periods of inactivity. Cycling can recover some of the decay, but this reduces the readiness that these batteries must have. Two 5-cell SubC stick test batteries ere chosen using NiCd and NiMH were tested and then the differences for charge maintenance were compared.
Cooperative tracking and estimation of linear multi-agent systems with a dynamic leader via iterative learning (2014)

This paper presents a new iterative learning design approach for cooperative tracking and estimation of linear multi-agent systems with a dynamic leader. The input of the dynamic leader is unavailable to all follower agents. Distributed iterative learning controllers, based on the relative state information of neighbouring agents, are proposed for tracking the dynamic leader, and meanwhile identifying the unknown input of the leader. Stability and convergence of the proposed controller are established using Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory. Further, this result is extended to the output feedback case where only partial states can be measured. A local observer is constructed to recover the unmeasurable states. Then, distributed iterative learning tracking controllers, based on the relative observed states of neighbouring agents, are devised. For both cases, the main advantage of the proposed controllers allows for tracking the dynamic leader for undirected graphs without knowing the input of the leader, and meanwhile identifying the unknown input of the leader using distributed iterative learning laws. An example is given to show the efficacy and utility of the theoretical results.
Color image encryption using double random phase encoding (1999)

A new encryption technique is proposed to encrypt color images using existing optical encryption systems for gray-scale images. The color images are converted to their indexed image formats before they are encoded. At the decryption end, the color images are recovered by converting the decrypted indexed images back to their RGB formats. The proposed single-channel color image encryption method is more compact and robust than the multichannels methods. Since color information is added to the shape information, better verification performance can be achieved in optical security systems. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 21: 318–323, 1999.
Resistance of gram-negative bacilli as related to hospital use of antimicrobial agents (1983)

The development of resistance of gram-negative bacilli, which are common nosocomial pathogens, is an increasing problem. It is generally accepted that this resistance may directly reflect the frequency of use of various antimicrobial agents. Because our institution experienced in 1976 a dramatic change in the pattern of antimicrobial use, primarily a marked decrease in prescribing cephalosporins, we attempted to evaluate retrospectively the effects of this change upon the resistance of gram-negative bacilli that are common nosocomial pathogens. Susceptibilities of Klebsiella and Providencia spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens were determined for the years 1975 to 1979. Not unexpectedly, we observed a substantial decrease in cephalosporin resistance. An unexpected finding was a decrease in aminoglycoside resistance, despite increased use of these agents. The possibility that decreased cephalosporin use may lead to decreased aminoglycoside resistance is an intriguing and provocative thesis which can only be speculative at this time but which would seem worthy of additional formal investigation.
Grated waveguide-based optical cavities as compact sensors for sub-nanometre cantilever deflections, and small refractive-index changes (2008)

The paper reports on theoretical and experimental results of integrated optical (IO) cavities defined by grated waveguides in $Si_3N_4$ and Si, for the accurate detection of cantilever deflection and bulk index changes.