gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Transplantation (1986)

Cardiac transplantation was resumed at the University Health Center of Pittsburgh in 1980 after a hiatus of 12 years. Prior to April 15, 1986, 270 hearts had been transplanted. Participants have been forced to reorder personal, professional, and institutional commitments to adapt to new demands of pre- and post-operative care and to develop flexibility in the operative scheduling of routine cardiac surgical cases. The actuarial survival has been 78, 69, and 64% at 1, 2, and 3 years. Much has been learned about evolving immunosuppression based on cyclosporine and of the allogenic response. An increasing proportion of recipients are mortally ill (54%), and for these urgent patients the wait for a donor organ continues to lengthen. The cardiac surgeon performing transplantations will need to grow with allied developments in xenotransplantation and mechanical cardiac support devices in order to keep pace with his evolving specialty.
The Strecker reaction coupled to Viedma ripening: a simple route to highly hindered enantiomerically pure amino acids (2018)

The Strecker reaction is broadly used for the preparation of α-amino acids. However, control of enantioselectivity remains challenging. We here couple the Strecker reaction to Viedma ripening for the absolute asymmetric synthesis of highly sterically hindered α-amino acids. As proof-of-principle, the enantiomerically pure α-amino acids tert-leucine and α-(1-adamantyl)glycine were obtained.
Experimental tests of a single-photon calorimeter for x-ray spectroscopy (1984)

Tests have been made of a nondispersive spectroscopic x-ray detector which operates by measuring the temperature rise following absorption of a single photon. We have observed thermal pulses from 6-keV x-rays, and have resolved the different amplitudes resulting from Mn Kα and K β events. This device was assembled to make quantitative tests of theoretical calculations of the properties of such detectors, and its high heat capacity does not allow it to attain the very high resolution predicted for detectors made by more sophisticated, but still straightforward, techniques. Both the measured resolution of 270-eV full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the absolute amplitude of the response are consistent with predictions. Nonthermal effects in the thermistor limit the precision of this comparison to about 30%.
Finding our Why: Combining Sinek's 'Golden Circle' with Service Learning and Critical Reflection (2012)

is a recent graduate (May 20 12) from the University of Canterbury, having studied Psychology, Philosophy, and Human Resources.Presently he is in a full time volunteer position with the Volunteer Army Foundation, a charitable trust established after the earthquakes in order to continue the momentum of youth volunteerism in the community.He plays music and in all his actions attempts
Sequential decoding for multiple access channels (1988)

The use of sequential decoding in multiple access channels is considered. The Fano metric, which achieves all achievable rates in the one-user case, fails to do so in the multiuser case. A new metric is introduced and an inner bound is given to it achievable rate region. This inner bound region is large enough to encourage the use of sequential decoding in practice. The new metric is optimal, in the sense of achieving all achievable rates, in the case of one-user and pairwise-reversible channels. Whether the metric is optimal for all multiple access channels remains an open problem. It is noted that even in the one-user case, the new metric differs from the Fano metric in a nontrivial way, showing that the Fano metric is not uniquely optimal for such channels. A new and stricter criterion of achievability in sequential decoding is also introduced and examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Cancers Show Altered B-Cell Clonality (2018)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is convincingly associated with gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and certain lymphomas, but its role in other cancer types remains controversial. To test the hypothesis that there are additional cancer types with high prevalence of EBV, we determined EBV viral expression in all the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) samples (<i>n</i> = 10,396) from 32 different tumor types. We found that EBV was present in gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma, as expected, and was also present in >5% of samples in 10 additional tumor types. For most samples, EBV transcript levels were low, which suggests that EBV was likely present due to infected infiltrating B cells. In order to determine if there was a difference in the B-cell populations, we assembled B-cell receptors for each sample and found B-cell receptor abundance (<i>P</i> ≤ 1.4 × 10<sup>-20</sup>) and diversity (<i>P</i> ≤ 8.3 × 10<sup>-27</sup>) were significantly higher in EBV-positive samples. Moreover, diversity was independent of B-cell abundance, suggesting that the presence of EBV was associated with an increased and altered B-cell population. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Around 20% of human cancers are associated with viruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and certain lymphomas, but its role in other cancer types remains controversial. We assessed the prevalence of EBV in RNA-seq from 32 tumor types in the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) and found EBV to be present in >5% of samples in 12 tumor types. EBV infects epithelial cells and B cells and in B cells causes proliferation. We hypothesized that the low expression of EBV in most of the tumor types was due to infiltration of B cells into the tumor. The increase in B-cell abundance and diversity in subjects where EBV was detected in the tumors strengthens this hypothesis. Overall, we found that EBV was associated with an increased and altered immune response. This result is not evidence of causality, but a potential novel biomarker for tumor immune status.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (2008)

Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage accounts for only 3–4% of all stroke but the consequences can be devastating. In the present review article, we review the epidemiology, clinical features, investigations and management philosophy in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Oral nimodipine, aneurysmal occlusion and advances in neurointensive care are the keys to improve neurological outcome in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. These patients should be managed by a combined team with expertise in microsurgery, endovascular surgery and neurointensive care for optimal management outcome. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to improve outcome and reduce disability and mortality.
Effect of low oxygen, temperature and 1-methylcyclopropene on the expression of genes regulating ethylene biosynthesis and perception during ripening in apple (2008)

Ethylene initiates and controls ripening in climacteric fruit which is developmentally regulated. During this process, ethylene production generates a strong signaling process inducing/suppressing various target genes that are associated with several attributes of fruit ripening. In apple, low temperature, low oxygen and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments have been used to increase shelf life. In the present study, effort has been made to understand the molecular basis of the increase in shelf life under the influence of temperature, low oxygen and 1-MCP in Granny Smith apple. The apple fruit were exposed to these treatments either individually or in combination and levels of ethylene as well as transcript accumulation of the genes responsible for ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptors were measured. A tight regulation of the ethylene production was observed through differential expression of MdACS1 and MdERS1 genes. The ethylene levels were highly dependent on temperature, oxygen concentration and 1-MCP and effects of each were not only additive but associated with the expression of MdACS1 and MdERS1.
The Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants for the Control of Chronic Orofacial Pain (1997)

Tricyclic antidepressants, or "tricyclics" as they are commonly called, are effective in reducing pain in chronic neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Tricyclics appear to be effective in the control of chronic orofacial pain of non-inflammatory origin, and include amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline and desipramine. Daily doses of the medications are smaller for the management of pain than doses typically used in the treatment of depression. Certain medical conditions may contraindicate tricyclic trials, while others may warrant starting at a lower dose with more conservative dose adjustments. Common side effects include dry mouth, sedation, constipation and orthostasis. Tricyclics are just one therapeutic modality which can be considered in the management and treatment of chronic refractory orofacial pain that is suspected to arise from neurogenic or myofascial etiologies.
Ab-initio modeling of magneto-electronic devices (2022)

We present a first-principle based computational framework to model low-dimensional magnetic materials and their magnetization dynamics. We apply our method first on well-known 2D magnetic materials such as CrI3 and CrBr3. Next, we apply our method on transition metal doped 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Finally, as an example of our device modelling methodology, we model a magnetic memory device using an interface between a 2D topological insulator and a 2D FM and show that a very fast switching of magnetic domain is possible in such devices (a fast write operation).
OTX2 exhibits cell context-dependent effects on cellular and molecular properties of human embryonic neural precursors and medulloblastoma cells (2015)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary pediatric brain tumor and is currently divided into four subtypes based on different genomic alterations, gene expression profiles and response to treatment: WNT, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Group 3 and Group 4. This extensive heterogeneity has made it difficult to assess the functional relevance of genes to malignant progression. For example, expression of the transcription factor Orthodenticle homeobox2 (OTX2) is frequently dysregulated in multiple MB variants; however, its role may be subtype specific. We recently demonstrated that neural precursors derived from transformed human embryonic stem cells (trans-hENs), but not their normal counterparts (hENs), resemble Groups 3 and 4 MB in vitro and in vivo. Here, we tested the utility of this model system as a means of dissecting the role of OTX2 in MB using gain- and loss-of-function studies in hENs and trans-hENs, respectively. Parallel experiments with MB cells revealed that OTX2 exerts inhibitory effects on hEN and SHH MB cells by regulating growth, self-renewal and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This was accompanied by decreased expression of pluripotent genes, such as SOX2, and was supported by overexpression of SOX2 in OTX2+ SHH MB and hENs that resulted in significant rescue of self-renewal and cell migration. By contrast, OTX2 is oncogenic and promotes self-renewal of trans-hENs and Groups 3 and 4 MB independent of pluripotent gene expression. Our results demonstrate a novel role for OTX2 in self-renewal and migration of hENs and MB cells and reveal a cell-context-dependent link between OTX2 and pluripotent genes. Our study underscores the value of human embryonic stem cell derivatives as alternatives to cell lines and heterogeneous patient samples for investigating the contribution of key developmental regulators to MB progression.
Electrochemical detection of leukemia oncogenes using enzyme-loaded carbon nanotube labels (2014)

We describe an ultrasensitive electrochemical nucleic acid assay amplified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based labels for the detection of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)-related p185 BCR-ABL fusion transcript. The carboxylated CNTs were functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules and target-specific detection probes (DP) via diimide-activated amidation and used to label and amplify the target hybridization signal. The activity of captured HRP was monitored by square-wave voltammetry measuring the electroactive enzymatic product in the presence of 2-aminophenol and hydrogen peroxide substrate solution. The signal-amplified assay achieved a detection limit of 83 fM (5 × 10(-18) mol in 60 μL) targets oligonucleotides and has a 4-order-wide dynamic range of target concentration. The resulting assay allowed robust discrimination between the perfect match and a three-base mismatch sequence. When exposed to the full-length (491 bp) DNA oncogene, the approach demonstrated a detection limit of 1 × 10(-16) mol in 60 μL, corresponding to approximately 33 pg of the target gene. The high sensitivity and specificity of the assay enabled a PCR-free detection of target transcripts in as little as 65 ng of mRNA extracted from positive ALL cell lines SUP-B15 in comparison to those obtained from negative cell line HL-60. The approach enables a simple, low-cost and ultrasensitive electrochemical nucleic acid detection in portable devices, point-of-care and early disease diagnostic applications.
Overview of the TREC 2011 Legal Track. (2011)

The TREC 2011 Legal Track consisted of a single task: the learning task, which captured elements of both the TREC 2010 learning and interactive tasks. Participants were required to rank the entire corpus of 685,592 documents by their estimate of the probability of responsiveness to each of three topics, and also to provide a quantitative estimate of that probability. Participants were permitted to request up to 1,000 responsiveness determinations from a Topic Authority for each topic. Participants elected either to use only these responsiveness determinations in preparing automatic submissions, or to augment these determinations with their own manual review in preparing technologyassisted submissions. We provide an overview of the task and a summary of the results. More detailed results are available in the Appendix to the TREC 2011 Proceedings.
Angiographische Probleme beim Angiomyolipom (AML) der Niere (1981)

3 cases of unilateral angiomyolipoma of the kidney are presented. Angiography was unsuccessful in diagnosing angiomyolipoma in these cases observed by us. The diagnostic problems of the angiomyolipoma are discussed on the basis of histologic and angiographic findings. No patient showed simultaneously tuberous sclerosis.
Development of manufacturing process of wrought magnesium alloy sheets by twin roll casting (2007)

AbstrAct Purpose: The purpose of the work is to development of a strip casting technology for manufacturing magnesium alloy sheets. The aim of the work is to establish a manufacturing process and technology to facilitate the economical manufacture of high-strength magnesium sheet alloys. Design/methodology/approach: A horizontal type twin roll caster was used to manufacture magnesium alloy sheets. Pair of copper alloy roll, pure copper roll and steel roll was used for the horizontal type twin roll caster. The diameter of the rolls was 300mm and the width of rolls was 100 and 150mm. Findings: The magnesium alloy sheets could be succcessfully manufactured by the horizontal twin roll caster. The product sheet thickness in the present experiment was 2.0 to 5.0mm. The equiaxed microstrucure was observed in cast magnesium alloys when a pair of copper and cupper aolly rolls were used. The mean grain size of the cast magnesium alloys strip was from 30 to 60 micrometers. After hot rolling process, the grain size was reduced to about 10 micrometers. The obtained magnesium alloy sheet indicated a good plastic formability by a warm-drawing test.
Analysis of the Transmission Modes and Downlink Control Information in the LTE-Advanced / 5G Network (2019)

In release 15 of the LTE-Advanced the list of used DCI formats has been significantly expanded. A further 9 formats were added to the existing 27 formats to support new use cases for existing transmission modes and to plan radio resource allocation supported by the new 5G standard with reduced transmission time intervals. To adequately use the new capabilities in the existing communication system it is necessary to perform a complete analysis of the process of selecting the transmission mode and analyzing the main indicators, on the basis of which the base station evaluates the possibility of using a specific transmission mode for the corresponding conditions in the radio channel.
Amino Acid Repetitions in the Dihydropteroate Synthase of Streptococcus pneumoniae Lead to Sulfonamide Resistance with Limited Effects on Substrate K m (2001)

Sulfonamide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is due to changes in the chromosomal folP (sulA) gene coding for dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). The first reported laboratory-selected sulfonamide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolate had a 6-bp repetition, the sul-d mutation, leading to a repetition of the amino acids Ile(66) and Glu(67) in the gene product DHPS. More recently, clinical isolates showing this and other repetitions have been reported. WA-5, a clinical isolate from Washington State, contains a 6-bp repetition in the folP gene, identical to the sul-d mutation. The repetition was deleted by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme kinetic measurements showed that the deletion was associated with a 35-fold difference in K(i) for sulfathiazole but changed the K(m) for p-aminobenzoic acid only 2.5-fold and did not significantly change the K(m) for 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine pyrophosphate. The enzyme characteristics of the deletion variant were identical to those of DHPS from a sulfonamide-susceptible strain. DHPS from clinical isolates with repetitions of Ser(61) had very similar enzyme characteristics to the DHPS from WA-5. The results confirm that the repetitions are sufficient for development of a resistant enzyme and suggest that the fitness cost to the organism of developing resistance may be very low.
Correlating Multi-Step Attack and Constructing Attack Scenarios Based on Attack Pattern Modeling (2008)

Most cyber-attacks are not single attack actions. They are multi-step attacks composed by a set of attack actions. Although techniques used by attackers can be diverse, attack patterns are generally finite. So we need to find attack steps that are correlated in an attack scenario. By studying the patterns of multi-step cyber attacks, an algorithm is presented for correlating multi-step cyber attacks and constructing attack scenario system based on modeling multi-step cyber attacks. When alerts appear, the algorithm turns them into corresponding attack models based on the knowledge base and correlates them, whether alert or not is based on the weighted cost in the attack path graph and the attack degree of the corresponding host. And attack scenarios can be constructed by correlating the attack path graphs. Moreover, the model can detect intrusion alerts in real time and revise the attack scenarios. Experiments on the DARPA IDS test dataset show the validity of the algorithm.
Electronic Structure of Tantalum Oxynitride Perovskite Photocatalysts (2013)

The tantalum oxynitride perovskites ATaO2N (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) and PrTaON2 are promising candidates for the photocatalytic splitting of water under illumination with visible light. A combination of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), UV–vis spectroscopy, and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS) has been used to determine the absolute conduction and valence band energy levels of these four compounds. All have conduction band edges that lie above the reduction potential for water and therefore are suitable for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen, whereas the valence band edges lie near the oxidation potential of water. The position of the conduction band edge is closely linked to the Ta–O/N–Ta bond angles and hence tilting of the octahedra, whereas the position of the valence band edge is more sensitive to the oxygen-to-nitrogen ratio.
Profilometer advances benefit surface analysis, film-thickness measurement (2010)

The incorporation of high-resolution CCD imaging, sophisticated image processing, and advanced optomechanical design are enabling enhanced capabilities and usability of optical profilers.
Filamentation of IR and UV femtosecond pulses upon focusing in air (2013)

The filamentation of IR and UV laser pulses has been studied numerically and experimentally for different initial beam focusing geometries, and linear electron density profiles along the plasma channel of filaments have been obtained. The results demonstrate that changes in laser beam focusing have a stronger effect on filament and plasma channel parameters for UV radiation than for IR radiation. Focusing causes individual high fluence regions produced by refocusing to merge to form a continuous extended filament with a continuous plasma channel.
THE STRUCTURES OF TWO MAJOR INTERMEDIATES IN TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONIC ACID-CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF TRICYCLO[5.2.2.02,6]UNDECANE (1976)

Abstract Two major intermediates of unknown structure (unknown E and D) found in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-catalyzed rearrangement of tricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecane (1) to 4-homoisotwistane (4) were identified as tricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undecane (2) and tricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane (3), respectively, by independent syntheses.
Structural and impedance spectroscopy study of Al‐doped ZnO nanorods grown by sol‐gel method (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electrical transport mechanism of the Al‐doped ZnO nanorods at different temperatures by employing impedance spectroscopy. Design/methodology/approach Al‐doped ZnO nanorods were grown on silicon substrate using step sol‐gel method. For the seed solution preparation Zinc acetate dihydrate, 2‐methoxyethanol, monoethanolamine and aluminum nitrite nano‐hydrate were used as a solute, solvent, stabilizer and dopant, respectively. Prior to the deposition, P‐type Si (100) wafer was cut into pieces of 1 cm×2 cm. The samples were then cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with acetone, ethanol, and de‐ionized (DI) water for 5 min. The prepared seed solution was coated on silicon substrate using spin coater at spinning speed of 3000 rpm for 30 s and then dried at 250°C for 10 min followed by annealing at 550°C for 1 h. The hydrothermal growth was carried out in a solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (0.025M), Hexamethyltetramine (0.025M) in DI water. Findings Al‐doped ZnO nanorods were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The impedance measurements were carried out at various temperatures (100°C‐325°C). The impedance results showed that temperature has great influence on the impedance; the impedance value decreased as the temperature increased. This decrement is attributed to the increase of the mobility of the defects, especially the oxygen vacancies. The surface morphology of the samples was measured by SEM and X‐ray diffraction. The SEM images show that the high density of Al‐doped ZnO nanorods covers the silicon substrate, whereas the XRD pattern shows the (002) crystal orientation. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the electron transport mechanism of Al‐doped ZnO nanorods, at different temperatures, to understand the charge transport model.