gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A point mutation in the EGF-4 domain of β3 integrin is responsible for the formation of the Seca platelet alloantigen and affects receptor function (2011)

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is caused by fetomaternal platelet incompatibility with maternal antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal platelets. Antibodies against human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) and HPA-5b are responsible for the majority of NAIT cases. We observed a suspected NAIT in a newborn with a platelet count of 25 G/l and petechial haemorrhages. Serological analysis of maternal serum revealed an immunisation against αIIbβ3 on paternal platelets only, indicating the presence of an antibody against a new rare alloantigen (Sec(a)) residing on αIIbβ3. The location of Sec(a) on αIIbβ3 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Nucleotide sequence analysis of paternal β3 revealed a single nucleotide exchange (G(1818)T) in exon 11 of the β3 gene (ITGB3), changing Lys(580) (wild-type) to Asn(580) (Sec(a)). Two additional members of the family Sec were typed Sec(a) positive, but none of 300 blood donors. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing Asn(580), but not Lys(580) αIIbβ3, bound anti-Sec(a), which was corroborated by immunoprecipitation. Adhesion of transfected cells onto immobilised fibrinogen showed reduced binding of the Asn(580) variant compared to wild-type αIIbβ3. Analysis of transfected cells with anti-LIBS and PAC-1 antibody showed reduced binding when compared to the wild-type. No such effects were observed with Sec(a) positive platelets, which, however, are heterozygous for the Lys(580)Asn mutation. In this study, we describe a NAIT case caused by maternal alloimmunisation against a new antigen on αIIbβ3. Analysis with mutant transfected cells showed that the Lys(580)Asn mutation responsible for the formation of the Sec(a) antigenic determinant affects αIIbβ3 receptor function.
Physical crosslinking of hyaluronic acid in the presence of phospholipids in an aqueous nano-environment (2018)

Correction for 'Physical crosslinking of hyaluronic acid in the presence of phospholipids in an aqueous nano-environment' by Piotr Bełdowski et al., Soft Matter, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01388h.
Data Turbine Activities at NASA (2008)

Mission Support Features: a) Shirtsleeve environment, . 18 scientists; b) worldwide deployment experience; c) Extensive modifications to support in-situ and remote sensing instruments 1) zenith and nadir viewports; 2) modified power systems; 3) 19 inch rack mounting; 4) on-board data acquisition network.
Angstrom-confined electrochemical synthesis of non van der Waals 2D metal oxides (2023)

Materials in 2-dimensional (2D) form show remarkable properties and unexplored scientific phenomena compared to their bulk form. Layered, van der Waals (vdW) materials have an obvious 2D structure, whereas non-vdW materials have no preference to obtain 2D form. This limits the number of currently available 2D non-vDW materials. Here, we introduce a straightforward electrochemical method utilizing the angstrom-confinement of laminar reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanochannels to obtain a porous polycrystalline network of 2D transition metal oxides (2D-TMO), a class of non-vdW materials. During synthesis the angstrom-confinement provides a thickness limitation, forcing sub-unit cell growth of 2D-TMO with oxygen and metal vacancies. We showcase that Cr2O3, a material without significant catalytic activity for OER in bulk form, can be activated as a high-performing catalyst if synthesized in the 2D sub-unit cell form. Our approach creates a strategy for combining the high activity of 2D form and high stability and robustness of bulk form. Our accessible method for obtaining 2D-TMO holds high promise to yield exciting properties for fundamental science and applications.
GABA inhibits excitatory neurotransmission in rat pelvic ganglia (1985)

Intravenous GABA inhibited, in a bicuculline-sensitive manner, contractions of the urinary bladder induced by preganglionic nerve stimulation in urethane anaesthetized rats, while it had no significant effect on contractions produced by postganglionic nerve stimulation. In addition, intravenous GABA strongly inhibited DMPP-induced bladder contractions; this effect was also prevented by bicuculline. These experiments suggest that GABA inhibits excitatory neurotransmission in rat pelvic ganglia through a mechanism involving, at least in part, the activation of postsynaptic GABA A receptors.
Characteristics of a Very High Energy Electron Beam in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator for Cancer Therapy (2020)

A cancer treatment device using a very high energy electron beam has been studied as a new radiation therapy method because of its deep penetration depth, dose characteristics that are better than those of the existing X-ray method, and easy adjustment of the irradiation direction compared to existing equipment. For this treatment, compact high-energy electron accelerators are essential, and a laser wakefield accelerator is a good candidate. In this study, very high energy electrons were accelerated using a laser wakefield accelerator, and the dose characteristics due to these electrons were measured to confirm the possibility of treatment. Electron beam with an energy of 94 MeV were accelerated by using a 16-TW high-power laser, and the dose profile was measured with a tough phantom by using a Gafchromic film. With an 18 nC charge, the peak dose was 120 cGy at a 40 mm depth. The measured dose profile was compared with that obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation with low and high energy electron beams, and the results indicate a quasi-mono-energetic property of the electron beam.
Confocal microwave imaging for breast tumor detection: application to a hemispherical breast model (2003)

Confocal microwave imaging (CMI) has been proposed for breast imaging, and detects tumors by selectively focussing backscatter from the breast. Previous studies have employed simple cylindrical or planar breast models, or 2D breast models created from breast MRI scans. In this paper, we use a hemispherical breast model to examine tumor detection and localization in 3D. This model has more realistic features than the simple cylinder. Results indicate that extension of cylindrical CMI to 3D scans of more complex models appears feasible. Future work includes developing methods to accomplish a full breast scan with cylindrical CMI.
Binding of ATP by pertussis toxin and isolated toxin subunits (1990)

The binding of ATP to pertussis toxin and its components, the A subunit and B oligomer, was investigated. Whereas, radiolabeled ATP bound to the B oligomer and pertussis toxin, no binding to the A subunit was observed. The binding of [3H]ATP to pertussis toxin and the B oligomer was inhibited by nucleotides. The relative effectiveness of the nucleotides was shown to be ATP greater than ATP greater than GTP greater than CTP greater than TTP for pertussis toxin and ATP greater than GTP greater than TTP greater than CTP for the B oligomer. Phosphate ions inhibited the binding of [3H]ATP to pertussis toxin in a competitive manner; however, the presence of phosphate ions was essential for binding of ATP to the B oligomer. The toxin substrate, NAD, did not affect the binding of [3H]ATP to pertussis toxin, although the glycoprotein fetuin significantly decreased binding. These results suggest that the binding site for ATP is located on the B oligomer and is distinct from the enzymatically active site but may be located near the eukaryotic receptor binding site.
Sediment Formation in Residue Hydroconversion Processes and Its Correlation to Asphaltene Behavior (2013)

In this work, the link between asphaltene stability and sediment formation in hydroprocessing of residua is evaluated using two recently developed techniques for asphaltene characterization (Asphaltene Solubility Profile and Solubility Fractions). Several feeds as well as products coming from commercial units and pilot plants are examined in terms of asphaltene content and asphaltene stability. The results obtained confirm the relationship between stability, structural asphaltene characteristics, and sediment formation in products. It was found that stability, asphaltene content, and nature of the feeds are key factors in sediment formation. Two sets of correlations were found: those that correlate sediment with product characteristics and those that correlate sediment with feed characteristics and operational conditions. Both sets of correlations include asphaltene solubility characteristics and content as key parameters. These findings indicate that proper asphaltene characterization of feeds can help to reduce fouling in operating units by facilitating feed selection and adjustment of operational conditions. Additionally, it has been shown that the two proposed methods can be used to monitor sediment formation during hydroconversion as well as to evaluate solvents for blending in a fast and simple way compatible with a refinery lab environment.
Association of Trauma Molecular Endotypes With Differential Response to Transfusion Resuscitation Strategies (2023)

Results of this secondary analysis suggest that endotypes derived from plasma biomarkers in trauma patients at hospital arrival were associated with a differential response to 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 resuscitation strategies in trauma patients with severe injury. These findings support the concept of molecular heterogeneity in critically ill trauma populations and have implications for tailoring therapy for patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.
Challenges of Designing HCI for Negative Emotions (2019)

Emotions that are perceived as "negative" are inherent in the human experience. Yet not much work in the field of HCI has looked into the role of these emotions in interaction with technology. As technology is becoming more social, personal and emotional by mediating our relationships and generating new social entities (such as conversational agents and robots), it is valuable to consider how it can support people's negative emotions and behaviors. Research in Psychology shows that interacting with negative emotions correctly can benefit well-being, yet the boundary between helpful and harmful is delicate. This workshop paper looks at the opportunities of designing for negative affect, and the challenge of "causing no harm" that arises in an attempt to do so.
Assessment of Progressive Collapse Residual Capacity Using Pushdown Analysis (2008)

The alternate path method (APM) is a popular analysis technique that is used to ensure that structural systems have adequate resistance to progressive collapse. The APM, however, does not give an indication of residual capacity in cases where the structure under consideration is deemed to be able to survive loss of critical members. This information is necessary to gage if a damaged structure is near an incipient collapse state. In this paper we present a new analysis technique which we refer to as "pushdown analysis" that can be used to determine the collapse modes and ultimate load carrying capacity of a structure with lost or damaged critical members. Two-dimensional 10-story steel moment frames are used as prototype systems to demonstrate the method.
CNS Lupus Presenting Memory Disturbance and the PQRST Method for Memory Training. (2000)

A 21-year-old man with CNS lupus presented recent memory disturbance (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; verbal 59, visual 70, general 51, attention/concentration 81, and remote recall 81), and was seen to have high intensity areas in the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyri by the FLARE method of magnetic resonance imaging. Hypoperfusion in the same and in the right temporal lobe was also found by single photon emission computed tomography. The lesions were regarded as being responsible for the recent memory disturbance, and the PQRST method was prescribed for memory training. After a 2-month training period, his recent memory disturbance improved, and scores of the WMS-R reached a normal level. We concluded that the PQRST method was useful for memory training of the CNS lupus.
Mitosis and growth in biological tissues. (1993)

We present a simulation of the growth of a two-dimensional biological cellular system in which the cells experience mitosis whenever the area-to-perimeter ratio reaches a critical value. The model also includes the effect of interfacial energy and temperature. A stationary state with a constant average area is attained. We calculate the distribution of cells as a function of area, perimeter, and number of sides and also the two-cell correlation function. The results depend on temperature and are in agreement with experimental data, simulations, and theoretical models.
Sub 50 nm InP HEMT Device with Fmax Greater than 1 THz (2007)

In this paper, we present the latest advancements of sub 50 nm InGaAs/lnAIAs/lnP high electron mobility transistor (InP HEMT) devices that have achieved extrapolated Fmax above 1 THz. This extrapolation is both based on unilateral gain (1.2 THz) and maximum stable gain/maximum available gain (1.1 THz) extrapolations, with an associated fT of 385 GHz. This extrapolation is validated by the demonstration of a 3-stage common source low noise MMIC amplifier which exhibits greater than 18 dB gain at 300 GHz and 15 dB gain at 340 GHz.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, NMR and DFT studies of structurally simplified trimethoxy benzamides as selective P‐glycoprotein inhibitors: the role of molecular flatness (2016)

In a recent investigation carried out on a panel of trimethoxybenzanilides, we showed that the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond is a key element for tuning P-gp inhibitory activity. In this study, we designed new structurally simplified trimethoxy benzamides (5-17, Table ) with the aim to uncover the minimal molecular requirements needed for P-gp inhibition. The new prepared smaller-sized compounds exhibited IC<sub>50</sub> in the low micromolar range. The combined use of NMR and DFT studies suggested that molecular flatness is causatively related to the P-gp inhibition. Our results clearly pointed out that concerted theoretical and experimental approaches herein presented might be very helpful in addressing the design of structurally simplified and highly efficient compounds biasing P-gp protein.
Istradefylline, a novel adenosine A2Areceptor antagonist, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (2005)

Dopamine replacement therapy effectively treats the early motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its association with the development of motor complications limits its usefulness in late stages of the disease. Adenosine A(2A) receptors are localised to the indirect striatal output function and control motor behaviour. They are active in predictive experimental models of PD and appear to be promising as the first major non-dopaminergic therapy for PD. Istradefylline is a novel adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist currently in Phase III clinical trials for efficacy in patients with PD; results from Phase II clinical trials demonstrated that it provides a clinically meaningful reduction in 'off' time and an increased 'on' time with non-troublesome dyskinesia in levodopa-treated patients with established motor complications, and is safe and well tolerated.
Genetic Analyses in Zebrafish Reveal That Angiopoietin-Like Proteins 1 and 2 Are Required for HSC Development during Embryogenesis (2008)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that members of the angiopoietin-like protein (angptl) family can help stimulate ex vivo expansion of mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The requirement of angptl for HSC development has yet to be determined. Here, the effects of morpholino (MO) knockdown of angptl1, angptl2 or the combination of both, were assessed during zebrafish development. Single MO knockdown of either angptl1 or angptl2 resulted in a decrease in c-myb positive HSCs in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, the site of definitive hematopoiesis at 36 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Embryos injected with combined angptl1 and angptl2 MOs (double morphants) had an even more severe phenotype, in which both c-myb and runx1 positive HSCs were almost completely absent. In an effort to discern the onset of the phenotype, early HSC markers were evaluated. The double morphants had decreased expression of scl and lmo2 at 8–10 somite stages (ss) in the bilateral stripes of the lateral mesoderm region from which hematopoietic and vascular progenitors are thought to arise. To determine if angptl are sufficient to expand HSCs, angptl1 and angptl2 mRNA were injected into one-cell stage embryos and HSC markers were evaluated. Angptl1 and angptl2 mRNA significantly increased c-myb and runx1 positive HSCs in the AGM. Interestingly, addition of thrombopoietin, a potent stem cell growth factor, with angptl1 and angptl2 further increased HSCs in the AGM, implying a synergistic effect of these growth factors during HSC development. Angptl regulation of HSC development may occur by stimulating the production of the hemogenic endothelium. MO knockdown of either angptl1 or angptl2 alone did not alter vascular development significantly, while MO knockdown of both angptl1 and angptl2 resulted in a disruption of intersegmental blood vessel sprouting at 28 hpf. The arterial and venous specification in these double morphants was also disrupted at 28 hpf, with decreased expression of the arterial marker ephrinB2 but increased ectopic expression of the venous marker, flt4. These results strongly suggest an early downstream effect of angptl signaling on hemogenic endothelium. Furthermore, since Vegf signaling is indispensable for proper endothelial specification and definitive HSC formation, we found that in the double morphants, somite expression of vegf165 mRNA was decreased early in development. Although angptl1 mRNA expression was undetectable at this stage, angptl2 mRNA expression was localized in the yolk sac extension and posterior spinal cord, appearing in close proximity to the vegf positive somites. This suggests that in these locations, angptl may stimulate Vegf production in the embryo to participate in the induction of hemogenic endothelium and subsequently lead to HSC formation. Taken together, our data demonstrates that the angptl are required for HSC development by coordinating the production of a functional hemogenic endothelium that can lead to the formation of HSCs.
Cardiac Innervation and Sudden Cardiac Death (2015)

Afferent and efferent cardiac neurotransmission via the cardiac nerves intricately modulates nearly all physiological functions of the heart (chronotropy, dromotropy, lusitropy, and inotropy). Afferent information from the heart is transmitted to higher levels of the nervous system for processing (intrinsic cardiac nervous system, extracardiac-intrathoracic ganglia, spinal cord, brain stem, and higher centers), which ultimately results in efferent cardiomotor neural impulses (via the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves). This system forms interacting feedback loops that provide physiological stability for maintaining normal rhythm and life-sustaining circulation. This system also ensures that there is fine-tuned regulation of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance in the heart under normal and stressed states in the short (beat to beat), intermediate (minutes to hours), and long term (days to years). This important neurovisceral/autonomic nervous system also plays a major role in the pathophysiology and progression of heart disease, including heart failure and arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death. Transdifferentiation of neurons in heart failure, functional denervation, cardiac and extracardiac neural remodeling has also been identified and characterized during the progression of disease. Recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular processes governing innervation and the functional control of the myocardium in health and disease provide a rational mechanistic basis for the development of neuraxial therapies for preventing sudden cardiac death and other arrhythmias. Advances in cellular, molecular, and bioengineering realms have underscored the emergence of this area as an important avenue of scientific inquiry and therapeutic intervention.
CHR11, a chromatin-remodeling factor essential for nuclear proliferation during female gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2005)

Chromatin-remodeling factors regulate the establishment of transcriptional programs during plant development. Although 42 genes encoding members of the SWI2/SNF2 family have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, <10 have been assigned a precise function on the basis of a mutant phenotype, and none have been shown to play a specific role during the gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle. A. thaliana chromatin-remodeling protein 11 (CHR11) encodes an imitation of switch (ISWI)-like chromatin-remodeling protein abundantly expressed during female gametogenesis and embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. To determine the function of CHR11 in wild-type plants, we introduced a hairpin construct leading to the production of double-stranded RNA, which specifically degraded the endogenous CHR11 mRNA by RNA interference (RNAi). Transcription of the RNAi-inducing hairpin RNA was driven by either a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S) acting at most stages of the sporophytic phase or a newly identified specific promoter acting at the onset of the female gametophytic phase (pFM1). All adult transformants that constitutively lacked sporophytic CHR11 activity showed reduced plant height and small cotyledonary embryos with limited cell expansion. In contrast, RNAi lines in which CHR11 was specifically silenced at the onset of female gametogenesis (megagametogenesis) had normal height and embryo size but had defective female gametophytes arrested before the completion of the mitotic haploid nuclear divisions. These results show that CHR11 is essential for haploid nuclear proliferation during megagametogenesis and cell expansion during the sporophytic phase, demonstrating the functional versatility of SWI2/SNF2 chromatin-remodeling factors during both generations of the plant life cycle.
A Utica Case Study: The Impact of Permeability Estimates on History Matching, Fracture Length, and Well Spacing (2019)

Abstract Maximizing economic performance in shale requires optimal selection of well and cluster spacing, among other parameters. Reservoir engineering calculations can be used to optimize spacing, but these calculations are impacted by uncertainties in input parameters. System permeability is particularly important and difficult to measure. Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFIT's) are often used to estimate permeability because they provide a direct, in-situ measurement. However, in recent work, it was shown that conventional DFIT interpretation techniques can overestimate permeability in gas shale by two orders of magnitude. In this study, the impact of the permeability estimate is demonstrated using a dataset from the Utica/Point Pleasant. Production data is history matched with models assuming high and low permeability. It is possible to history match both models because of non-uniqueness between fracture area and permeability. Sensitivity analysis simulations are performed to assess the impact of well and cluster spacing on net present value. Relative to the high permeability model, the low permeability model has a greater optimal well spacing and a tighter optimal cluster spacing. The comparison shows that improved accuracy in the permeability estimate significantly improves economic performance. The low permeability model has much earlier production interference than the high permeability model because the low permeability model requires greater effective fracture length to match production. This is consistent with the operator's experience that outer wells outproduce inner wells within weeks or months from the start of production.