gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Description of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System's Spectral Forecast Model (1991)

We present a description of the development of the spectral forecast components of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). The original system, called 3.0, was introduced in January 1988. New versions were introduced in March 1989 (3.1) and August 1989 (3.2). A brief description of each version of the forecast model is given. Each physical parameterization is also described. We discuss the large changes in 3.1 and the motivation behind the changes. Statistical results from forecast comparison tests are discussed. Figures showing the total monthly forecast performance in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere are also given. A brief discussion is presented of computational details, running times, and memory requirements of the forecast model.
Numerical studies of small island wakes in the ocean (1996)

Abstract Two and three-dimensional oceanic flows around small islands patterned after Barbados, W.I. (13° 10′ N latitude: 59° 30′ W longitude) were modeled numerically to investigate island wake effects. The two-dimensional simulations closely agreed with laboratory flows, for both attached and shedding wake regimes. As expected, results for a flat bottom confirmed that the Coriolis terms strongly affect pressure but not the flow. For idealized, yet typical incident flow speeds, water column stratification, island topography and appropriate Coriolis terms, three-dimensional simulations readily produced elongated wake patterns, dominated by surface intensified von Karman-like vortices. Effects of grid resolution, viscosity, bathymetry, and Coriolis forces on wake characteristics were studied. For islands with typical bottom slopes, realistically small horizontal eddy diffusivity has a minor effect compared to bottom drag in generating vorticity. Near-shore bathymetry (viz., the absence or presence of a continental shelf surrounding the island) plays a major role in determining the scale, intensity, and shedding period of the vortices. The addition of a 15 km wide continental shelf around the island increased the shedding period by 67%, while reducing the Coriolis force by 50% reduced the period by only 14%. Although observational data is sparse, inferred flow patterns do show von Karman-like structures near Barbados, even if eddies are not located exactly as expected. The numerical computations demonstrate that shedding eddy wakes are easily generated, and lend encouragement to the further search for organized wakes downstream of the island.
True three-dimensional camera (2013)

An imager that can measure the distance from each pixel to the point on the object that is in focus at the pixel is described. This is accomplished by short photo-conducting lightguides at each pixel. In the eye the rods and cones are the fiber-like lightguides. The device uses ambient light that is only coherent in spherical shell-shaped light packets of thickness of one coherence length. Modern semiconductor technology permits the construction of lightguides shorter than a coherence length of ambient light. Each of the frequency components of the broad band light arriving at a pixel has a phase proportional to the distance from an object point to its image pixel. Light frequency components in the packet arriving at a pixel through a convex lens add constructively only if the light comes from the object point in focus at this pixel. The light in packets from all other object points cancels. Thus the pixel receives light from one object point only. The lightguide has contacts along its length. The lightguide charge carriers are generated by the light patterns. These light patterns, and thus the photocurrent, shift in response to the phase of the input signal. Thus, the photocurrent is a function of the distance from the pixel to its object point. Applications include autonomous vehicle navigation and robotic vision. Another application is a crude teleportation system consisting of a camera and a three-dimensional printer at a remote location.
A Bottom-Up Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery Cost Modeling with a Focus on Cathode Active Materials (2019)

In this study, we develop a method for calculating electric vehicle lithium-ion battery pack performance and cost. To begin, we construct a model allowing for calculation of cell performance and material cost using a bottom-up approach starting with real-world material costs. It thus provides a supplement to existing models, which often begin with fixed cathode active material (CAM) prices that do not reflect raw metal price fluctuations. We collect and display data from the London Metal Exchange to show that such metal prices, in this case specifically cobalt and nickel, do indeed fluctuate and cannot be assumed to remain static or decrease consistently. We input this data into our model, which allows for a visualization of the effects of these metal price fluctuations on the prices of the CAMs. CAMs analyzed include various lithium transition metal oxide-type layered oxide (NMC and NCA) technologies, as well as cubic spinel oxide (LMO), high voltage spinel oxide (LNMO), and lithium metal phosphate (LFP). The calculated CAM costs are combined with additional cell component costs in order to calculate full cell costs, which are in turn scaled up to full battery pack costs. Economies of scale are accounted for separately for each cost fraction.
An analysis of several software defect models (1988)

Results are presented of an analysis of several defect models using data collected from two large commercial projects. Traditional models typically use either program matrices (i.e. measurements from software products) or testing time or combinations of these as independent variables. The limitations of such models have been well-documented. The models considered use the number of defects detected in the earlier phases of the development process as the independent variable. This number can be used to predict the number of defects to be detected later, even in modified software products. A strong correlation between the number of earlier defects and that of later ones was found. Using this relationship, a mathematical model was derived which may be used to estimate the number of defects remaining in software. This defect model may also be used to guide software developers in evaluating the effectiveness of the software development and testing processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
240 nm pitch 4 GDRAM array MOSFET technologies with X-ray lithography (2002)

This paper describes 240 nm pitch array MOSFET technologies which realize 0.1152 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size for 4 GDRAM. Main features of the array MOSFET are (1) 120 nm line and spaces (L/S) Gate, (2) L/S isolation, (3) Self Aligned Contact (SAG) at 120 nm wide gate-gate space, and (4) 40 nm shallow junction under the SAC plug. X-ray lithography is used for ultra fine patterning and 200 nm pitch (100 nm L/S) active area array is demonstrated. A 120 nm isolation is realized using shallow trench isolation (STI) whose depth is 200 nm. In-situ phosphorus (P) doped poly-silicon is used for SAC plug to make a contact at 120 nm gate space. The shallow junction of 40 nm depth, which suppresses Vth roll-off, is formed by P diffusion from the plug. These technologies can achieve cell area of 0.1152 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ (8F/sup 2/), for 4 GDRAM.
Direct Detection of Pure ac Spin Current by X-Ray Pump-Probe Measurements (2016)

Despite recent progress in spin-current research, the detection of spin current has mostly remained indirect. By synchronizing a microwave waveform with synchrotron x-ray pulses, we use the ferromagnetic resonance of the Py (Ni_{81}Fe_{19}) layer in a Py/Cu/Cu_{75}Mn_{25}/Cu/Co multilayer to pump a pure ac spin current into the Cu_{75}Mn_{25} and Co layers, and then directly probe the spin current within the Cu_{75}Mn_{25} layer and the spin dynamics of the Co layer by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. This element-resolved pump-probe measurement unambiguously identifies the ac spin current in the Cu_{75}Mn_{25} layer.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Controlled Local Delivery of CTLA-4 Blocking Antibody Induces CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell–Dependent Tumor Eradication and Decreases Risk of Toxic Side Effects (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 41K&lt;/p&gt;
Hardware realization of BSB recall function using memristor crossbar arrays (2012)

The Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) model is an auto-associative neural network that has been widely used in optical character recognition and image processing. Traditionally, the BSB model was realized at software level and carried out on high-performance computing clusters. To improve computation efficiency and reduce resources requirement, we propose a hardware realization by utilizing memristor crossbar arrays. In this work, we explore the potential of a memristor crossbar array as an auto-associative memory. More specificly, the recall function of a multi-answer character recognition based on BSB model was realized. The robustness of the proposed BSB circuit was analyzed and evaluated based on massive Monte-Carlo simulations, considering input defects, process variations, and electrical fluctuations. The physical constrains when implementing a neural network with memristor crossbar array have also been discussed. Our results show that the BSB circuit has a high tolerance to random noise. Comparably, the correlations between memristor arrays introduces directional noise and hence dominates the quality of circuits.
Controlled Hydrogel Formation of a Recombinant Spider Silk Protein (2011)

Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, recombinant spider silk proteins have a high potential for a variety of applications when processed into morphologies such as films, capsules, beads, or hydrogels. Here, hydrogels made of the engineered and recombinantly produced spider silk protein eADF4(C16) were analyzed in detail. It has previously been shown that eADF4(C16) nanofibrils self-assemble by a mechanism of nucleation-aggregation, providing the basis of silk hydrogels. We focused on establishing a reproducible gelation process by employing different protein concentrations, chemical crosslinking, and functionalization of eADF4(C16) with fluorescein. Fluorescein strongly influenced assembly as well as the properties of the hydrogels, such as pore sizes and mechanical behavior, possibly due to its interference with packing of silk nanofibrils during hydrogel formation.
Organic Membranes for Selectivity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors (2016)

We present the characterization of organic polyolefin and thermoplastic membranes for the enhancement of the selectivity of metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors. The experimental study is done based on theoretical considerations of the membrane characteristics. Through a broad screening of dense symmetric homo- and copolymers with different functional groups, the intrinsic properties such as the mobility or the transport of gases through the matrix were examined in detail. A subset of application-relevant gases was chosen for the experimental part of the study: H 2 , CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , NO 2 , ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, and water vapor. The gases have similar kinetic diameters and are therefore difficult to separate but have different functional groups and polarity. The concentration of the gases was based on the international indicative limit values (TWA, STEL). From the results, a simple relationship was to be found to estimate the permeability of various polar and nonpolar gases through gas permeation (GP) membranes. We used a broadband metal oxide gas sensor with a sensitive layer made of tin oxide with palladium catalyst (SnO 2 :Pd). Our aim was to develop a low-cost symmetrical dense polymer membrane to selectively detect gases with a MOX sensor.
CP690,550 inhibits oncostatin M-induced JAK/STAT signaling pathway in rheumatoid synoviocytes (2011)

These findings suggest that IL-6-type cytokines contribute to rheumatoid synovitis through activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Inhibition of these pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by CP690,550 could be important in the treatment of RA.
Efficacy of locally‐delivered doxycycline microspheres in chronic localized periodontitis and on Porphyromonas gingivalis (2011)

Local drug delivery of doxycycline microspheres significantly improved the treatment outcomes in periodontal pocket therapy and reduced P. gingivalis in the periodontal pocket.
Cardioprotection by resveratrol: A human clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery disease (2012)

Several beneficial effects of resveratrol (RES), a natural antioxidant present in red wine have already been described. The aim of our study was to investigate if RES had a clinically measurable cardioprotective effect in patients after myocardial infarction. In this double-blind, placebo controlled trial 40 post-infarction Caucasian patients were randomized into two groups. One group received 10 mg RES capsule daily for 3 months. Systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), several laboratory and hemorheological parameters were measured before and after the treatment. Left ventricular ejection fraction showed an increasing tendency (ns) by RES treatment. However, left ventricular diastolic function was improved significantly (p < 0.01) by RES. A significant improvement in endothelial function measured by FMD was also observed (p < 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the RES treated group. Red blood cell deformability decreased and platelet aggregation increased significantly in the placebo group (p < 0.05), while resveratrol treatment has prevented these unfavourable changes. Concerning other measured parameters no significant changes were observed neither in placebo nor in RES group. Our results show that resveratrol improved left ventricle diastolic function, endothelial function, lowered LDL-cholesterol level and protected against unfavourable hemorheological changes measured in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Structural motifs in the maturation process of peptide hormones. The somatostatin precursor. I. A CD conformational study (2002)

Synthetic peptides reproducing both the native domain around the dibasic cleavage site of prosomatostatin, and mutated sequences there of, previously assayed in site-directed mutagenesis experiments, have been studied by CD in different solvent systems, such as water, TFE/H2O, MeCN/H2O and aqueous SDS, in order to ascertain the ability of each solvent to stabilize secondary structural motifs. A combination of deconvolution methods and empirical calculations, that allow subtraction of the contributions due to unordered structures from the spectra, suggests that mainly two distinct families of ordered conformers containing alpha-helix and/or structurally different beta-turns are present in solution, the relative stability of the different conformers depending on the nature of the solvent. The presence of beta-turns is in line with a previous NMR study in DMSO and DMSO/H2O. Comparison of the CD spectra in aqueous SDS of peptides undergoing processing with a sequence not processed in vivo shows that only the latter possesses a stable and detectable alpha-helix population. This observation suggests that the structuration involving beta-turns but no alpha-helix, which was observed by CD both in SDS and organic solvent/H2O mixtures at high water contents, might be of biological significance. The similarity of this structuration to molecular models obtained from NMR data in DMSO and DMSO/H2O is discussed.
Identification and characterization of ammonium polysulfides in solution in liquid ammonia (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification and characterization of ammonium polysulfides in solution in liquid ammoniaP. Dubois, J. P. Lelieur, and G. LepoutreCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 11, 1883–1890Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00284a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (951 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Defining the microenvironment landscape of bladder cancer using highly multiplexed spatial genomic and proteomic analysis (2019)

Abstract Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. PD-1 pathway targeting immunotherapies have been approved to treat advanced bladder cancer, but most patients exhibit primary resistance, suggesting that immune evasion mechanisms exist. The PPARγ pathway has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in MIBC that is associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and increased resistance to immunotherapies. We comprehensively profiled the tumor microenvironment (TME) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from a cohort of PPARγ high (n=13) and PPRARγ low (n=12) MIBC, integrating bulk gene expression, targeted mutation sequencing, immunohistochemistry and multiplex spatial profiling of RNA and protein expression on the GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) platform. Molecular subtyping was consistent between traditional methods and GeoMx profiling, and, in this cohort, we observed little evidence of spatial heterogeneity in tumor subtyping. The previously characterized T-cell exclusion phenotype of PPARγ high MIBC was recapitulated on the GeoMx platform and was further extended to show that this is a general phenomenon across immune cell types, supporting potential combination of PPARγ inhibition with ICIs. Furthermore, we found that while immune cells were excluded from PPARγ high tumors, the stromal compartment from these tumors was not significantly different than those PPARγ low tumors. By preserving spatial relationships during the GeoMx analysis, we also identify a novel association between lower immune cell expression in the tumors and higher expression of β-catenin in the stroma, and differential expression of other WNT pathway members associated with PPARγ activity. One Sentence Summary A new method for capturing tumor-immune signaling in FFPE tissues explores how the PPARG signaling axis is associated with immune cell exclusion in bladder cancer.
Serpentine Accessory Belt Drive Tool: Virtual Prototyping for V-Ribbed Belt Drives (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Serpentine accessory belts are commonly used in industries such as automotive and general machinery. The purpose of this analytical tool is to provide design engineers the capability to model belt drive systems using ADAMS (Automated Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems). The generated ADAMS models can be used to analyze several different characteristics concerning V-Ribbed belt drive systems. The general solution of the governing nonlinear equations provides the coupled longitudinal and transverse response of the translating belt drive system. Typical simulation outputs include pulley hubloads, belt impact dynamic forces, and belt slip rates at the pulleys.&lt;/div&gt;
Graph Embedding Based Recommendation Techniques on the Knowledge Graph (2017)

This paper presents a novel, graph embedding based recommendation technique. The method operates on the knowledge graph, an information representation technique alloying content-based and collaborative information. To generate recommendations, a two dimensional embedding is developed for the knowledge graph. As the embedding maps the users and the items to the same vector space, the recommendations are then calculated on a spatial basis. Regarding to the number of cold start cases, precision, recall, normalized Cumulative Discounted Gain and computational resource need, the evaluation shows that the introduced technique delivers a higher performance compared to collaborative filtering on top-n recommendation lists. Our further finding is that graph embedding based methods show a more stable performance in the case of an increasing amount of user preference information compared to the benchmark method.
Solution-printed organic semiconductor blends exhibiting transport properties on par with single crystals (2015)

Solution-printed organic semiconductors have emerged in recent years as promising contenders for roll-to-roll manufacturing of electronic and optoelectronic circuits. The stringent performance requirements for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) in terms of carrier mobility, switching speed, turn-on voltage and uniformity over large areas require performance currently achieved by organic single-crystal devices, but these suffer from scale-up challenges. Here we present a new method based on blade coating of a blend of conjugated small molecules and amorphous insulating polymers to produce OTFTs with consistently excellent performance characteristics (carrier mobility as high as 6.7 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), low threshold voltages of<1 V and low subthreshold swings <0.5 V dec(-1)). Our findings demonstrate that careful control over phase separation and crystallization can yield solution-printed polycrystalline organic semiconductor films with transport properties and other figures of merit on par with their single-crystal counterparts.
Radiotherapy of oral malignant melanomas in dogs (1996)

Radiotherapy was an effective palliative treatment for the primary tumor in dogs with oral malignant melanomas. However, rapid development of metastatic disease remained a major challenge.
Gangliosides and Associated Enzymes at the Nerve-Ending Membranes (1980)

Gangliosides are characteristic glycolipid components of the plasma membranes of mammalian cells. They are particularly abundant in the nervous tissue, specially the grey matter, where their concentration is about one tenth that of total phospholipids. The evidence concerning the high content of gangliosides in the neuronal membranes, and of their peculiar location in the outer membrane surface, stimulated research and speculation on the possible involvement of gangliosides in brain specific functions. However, in order to provide a plausible working hypothesis for such involvement a more precise knowledge on the contribution given by gangliosides to the local environment of the neuronal membrane is required. Chemical and physico-chemical properties of gangliosides: a molecular introduction to ganglioside behavior in cell plasma membranes. Gangliosides are a family of glycosphingolipids which contain at least one residue of sialic acid. The number of sialic acid residues per ganglioside molecule varies from 1 to 7, with an