gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Production by Direct Lignin Electrolysis at Intermediate Temperatures (2017)

Abstract Hydrogen is produced conventionally by electrolyzing water or water vapor at onset voltages greater than 1 V, providing motivation for the development of more efficient electrolysis processes for a hydrogen economy. Numerous attempts have been made to use ethanol as a fuel for hydrogen production because this process reduces the electrolysis onset voltage significantly. However, ethanol feedstock from lignocellulose requires greater amounts of energy and results in higher production costs compared to those using starch as the feedstock. The current study describes direct lignin electrolysis at an onset voltage of ca. 0.25 V, with high current efficiencies of approximately 100 % for hydrogen production at the cathode and approximately 85 % for carbon dioxide production at the anode. Addition of H 3 PO 4 ‐impregnated lignin to the anode of a PtFe/C | Sn 0.9 In 0.1 P 2 O 7 (150 μm) | Pt/C cell enabled hydrogen production at a temperature of 150 °C.
On the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation, the Greenhouse Effect, and Activation Energy in (Electro)Catalysis: A Tribute to Svante Augustus Arrhenius (2018)

Abstract Svante Augustus Arrhenius (1859, Vik ‐ 1927, Stockholm) received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation”. Arrhenius was a physicist, and he received his PhD from the University of Uppsala, where he later became a professor for phyiscal chemistry, the first in the country for this subject. He was offered several positions as professor abroad, but decided to remain in Sweden and to build a Nobel Institute for physical chemistry using the Nobel funds. He remained director of the Institute until his death. There are powerful lessons to take from Svante August Arrhenius’ journey leading to a Nobel laureate as there are from his tremendous contributions to chemistry and science in general, including climate science, immunochemistry and cosmology. The theory of electrolytic dissociation for which Arrhenius received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has had a profound impact on our understanding of the chemistry of solutions, chemical reactivity, mechanisms underlying chemical transformations as well as physiological processes. As a tribute to Arrhenius, we present a brief historical perspective and present status of the theory of electrolytic dissociation, its relevance and role to the development of electrochemistry, as well as some perspectives on the possible role of the theory to future advancements in electroanalysis, electrocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage. The review briefly highlights Arrhenius’ contribution to climate science owing to his studies on the potential effects of increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions on the global climate. These studies were far ahead of their time and revealed a daunting global dilemma, global warming, that we are faced with today. Efforts to abate or reverse CO 2 accumulation constitute one of the most pressing scientific problems of our time, “man's urgent strive to save self from the adverse effects of his self ‐ orchestrated change on the climate” . Finally, we review the application of the Arrhenius equation that correlates reaction rate constants ( k ) and temperature ( T ); , in determining reaction barriers in catalysis with a particular focus on recent modifications of the equation to account for reactions exhibiting non‐linear Arrhenius behavior with concave curvature due to prevalence of quantum mechanical tunneling, as well as infrequent convexity of Arrhenius plots due to decrease of the microcanonical rate coefficient with energy as observed for some enzyme catalyzed reactions.
Poly-m-aramid nanofiber mats: Production for application as structural modifiers in CFRP laminates (2016)

Poly(m-phenylene isophtalamide) electrospun nanofibrous membranes were produced to be used as structural reinforcements for carbon fiber reinforced composites production. In order for the polymer to be electrospun, it needs however to be fully solubilized, so the addition of some salts is required to help disrupt the tight macromolecular packing based on intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. Such salts may also contribute to the electrospinnability of the overall solution, since the provide it with a higher conductivity, whatever the solvent might be. The salt haobwever stays in the final nanofibrous mat. The membranes containing the salt are also observed to be highly hygroscopic, with a water content up to 26%, in the presence of 20%wt LiCl in the nanofibrous mat. When those membranes were interleaved among prepregs to produce a laminates, the obtained composite displayed thermal properties comparable to those of a reference nanofiber-free composite, though the former showed also easier delamination. Hence the removal of the hygroscopic salt was performed, that lead to thinner membranes, whose water content matched that of the pristine polymer. The washing step induced a thinning of the layers and of the fibers diameters, though no fiber shrinking nor membrane macroscopic damages were observed. These preliminary encouraging results thus pave the way to a deeper study of the optimized condition for producing convenient poly(m-phenylene isophtalamide) electrospun nanofibrous membranes to be used for carbon fiber reinforced composites structural modification.
Study of Usage Patterns and Learning Gains in a Web‐based Interactive Static Course (2009)

B ackground Courseware for engineering education can feature many discrete interactive learning elements, and typically student usage is not compelled. To take advantage of such courseware, self‐regulation of learning may be necessary. Evaluation of courseware should consider actual usage, learning gains, and indications of learning self‐regulation. P urpose (H ypothesis ) The research question focuses on how students' interactions with the courseware affect their learning gains. The hypothesis tested is that learning gains from online courseware increase with usage, and particularly with usage that suggests learning self‐regulation. D esign /M ethod Students in a lecture‐based statics course were assigned to study previously developed courseware as part of homework assignments. Learning gains were deduced from pre‐ and post‐ paper and pencil diagnostic quizzes, and from the first class exam. Credit was based on quiz scores, rather than courseware usage. Usage of interactive elements of the courseware was inferred from log files of students' interactions with the courseware, and patterns suggesting learning self‐regulation were identified. R esults High, statistically significant learning gains were found. Substantial usage was evident, with core learning activities initiated by, on average, three‐quarters of students. Learning gains and performance on the relevant class exam appeared to be more closely correlated with usage that indicated self‐regulation of learning rather than with total usage of the courseware. C onclusions Methods of assessing courseware should go beyond courseware features, learning gains, and student self‐reports of effectiveness to include monitoring of actual usage and analyses relating usage to learning. Self‐regulation of learning is likely to be critical to successful usage of courseware, and courseware should be designed to encourage it.
Diseño y realización de un oscilador para microondas con muy bajo ruido de fase (2000)

Se describe el diseno de un circuito oscilador con resonador dielectrico (ORD) para una frecuencia de 6.8 GHz con muy baja figura de ruido de fase, utilizando como dispositivo activo un Transistor Bipolar de Heterounion (HBT) de InGaP / GaAs. Se presentan tambien las medidas experimentales realizadas sobre el prototipo fabricado en tecnologia hibrida, obteniendose unas excelentes caracteristicas para el ruido de fase.
Targeted Expression of a Dominant Negative Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice Inhibits Pubertal Mammary Duct Development (1997)

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) system has been thought to play an important role in normal mammary development and carcinogenesis. To study the role of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in mammary development, we developed a transgenic mouse model in which a C-terminal truncated mouse EGFR (EGFR-TR) was expressed in the mouse mammary epithelium under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. The EGFR-TR lacks most of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, including the entire protein tyrosine kinase domain. In cultured cells, we show that it acts in a dominant negative manner in EGF-signaled EGFR autophosphorylation. Several lines of mice were characterized and shown to express the transgene at the mRNA and protein levels not only in the mammary gland but also in the salivary glands, epididymis, and prostate. In postpubertal virgin female mice, the expression of the EGFR-TR in the mammary glands was greater than the expression of the endogenous wild type EGFR. In these virgin mice, inhibition in mammary ductal development and a decrease of mammary epithelial DNA synthesis were observed beginning at 5-6 weeks. The inhibition of duct development was most apparent by 15-16 weeks, resulting in a significant defect in ductal branching and outgrowth and an apparent overall decrease in the size of the mammary glands. However, during pregnancy, expression of the endogenous wild type EGFR was markedly increased relative to the EGFR-TR and, at this stage, normal presecretory alveoli developed from the hypoplastic duct tree. Postpartum, normal lactation occurred. Despite EGFR-TR expression in other tissues, no morphological abnormalities were observed. This model demonstrates that the EGFR-TR behaves as a dominant negative regulator of the EGFR system in vivo and that the EGFR system plays an important role in mammary ductal development.
Diospyros kaki Extract Inhibits Alkali Burn-Induced Corneal Neovascularization (2015)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) leaves on corneal neovascularization (CoNV) in rats. One week after the alkali burns in the corneas, the CoNV area coverage in the CoNV-positive control group, 100 mg/kg EEDK group, and 200 mg/kg EEDK group was 43.3% ± 5.5%, 337.7% ± 2.5%, and 27.2% ± 4.3%, respectively. The areas of CoNV in the EEDK-treated groups were significantly different from those of the CoNV group. EEDK significantly attenuated the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein levels. Orally administrated D. kaki inhibited CoNV development in rats.
Regions 301–303 and 333–339 in the catalytic domain of blood coagulation Factor IX are Factor VIII-interactive sites involved in stimulation of enzyme activity (1999)

The contribution of the Factor IX catalytic domain to Factor VIIIa binding has been evaluated by functional analysis of Factor IX variants with substitutions in alpha-helix region 333-339 and region 301-303. These regions were found to play a prominent role in Factor VIIIa-dependent stimulation of Factor X activation, but do not contribute to the high-affinity interaction with Factor VIIIa light chain. We propose that complex assembly between Factor IXa and Factor VIIIa involves multiple interactive sites that are located on different domains of these proteins.
Preface (1983)

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ushered in a new era in the history of China's economic development. It was at that session that China made a noticeable shift in its economic strategy and a far-reaching reform of its economic system. Internally, the enterprise is to be responsible for its profits and losses, while workers are paid by their productivity rather than by their needs. Externally, China has embarked upon an "open-door policy," calling for expansion of its economic relations and trade with other countries.
Analysis of survival outcomes based on molecular subtypes in breast cancer brain metastases: A single institutional cohort (2018)

In breast cancer patients with brain metastasis, survival rates were different based on the molecular subtype of the tumor, despite various local and systemic treatments. Appropriate and tailored treatment approaches should, therefore, be considered for the different molecular subtypes.
Continuous Improvement Through Real-Time Data Integration into Reservoir Management Workflows (2010)

A significant challenge facing companies implementing digital oilfield technologies is integration. Instrumentation delivers vast quantities of high frequency downhole and surface real-time data over the life of a well. Integrating this data into engineering applications and workflows to capture its value is often a manual, time-intensive process. This is particularly true when data needs to cross functional boundaries or disciplines, such as integrating production data gathered by real-time systems into reservoir simulation and history matching processes. Currently, field-specific or even engineer-specific processes lead to inefficient use of real-time data.We describe the development and implementation within BP's Field of the Future Program of a software application for automatically transforming real-time production data into a simulation-ready format for reservoir management. The web-based application allows access to multiple, different databases and data files that store measured or derived dynamic subsurface data. It provides a sustainable, standardized process by streamlining the most common activities of updating simulation models, including data access, retrieval, merging, transformations, quality control, and formatting. The application is built on principles of service-oriented architecture and component-based, plug-in technologies, providing well-defined boundaries and interfaces between application components and extensibility for adding new simulation data sources, formats, and workflows.The application has been implemented for nine BP assets in 2009. It has been used by reservoir engineers to increase the update frequency of simulation models with production data, and has reduced the time required for updates to minutes compared to days in previous manual processes. Expansions to functionality and automation, and further at-scale deployments are ongoing.By automating data access, retrieval, quality control, and formatting, the time required to update simulation models with historical data is greatly reduced, giving reservoir engineers more time to focus on critical engineering tasks. The shortened time for data preparation enables more frequent model updates, mitigating risks associated with decisions based on outdated reservoir model predictions. In addition, the application provides a consistent, sustainable process for model updating and data quality assurance. Typical benefits of a standardized tool are also realized, including reduced training requirements and access to a defined workflow.
A convolutional neural network model for non-factoid Chinese answer selection (2017)

Previous research on answer selections was mainly concentrated on factoid questions. Nevertheless, non-factoid questions are equally important because they are common in community question answer (CQA). In this paper, we propose a semantic calculation based convolutional neural network (SCCNN) to address this problem. The main difference of SCCNN from previous models is the use of correlation information between question and answer (QA) sentences. This method calculates correlation features for all the words in sentences based on the similarity between a question and its corresponding answer. It will also be the direct input of the convolutional neural network. These information represents correlation degrees of all the tokens and allows for focusing on the important part of QA sentences. Experimental results show that our algorithm performs better than previous methods. In addition, we compare methods modeling Chinese words and characters individually, which indicates that for CNN-based methods, modeling the single character usually have better performance.
Design of an ITO Based CNT Coated Transparent Nano Patch Antenna Assisted by Characteristic Mode Analysis (2019)

An Indium-doped Tin Oxide (ITO) based optically transparent nano-antenna is presented in this paper. E-shaped patch is used to resonate at 0.76 THz. Despite of high fractional bandwidth, the radiation efficiency as well as gain of the ITO based antennas are low due to high resistivity and low conductivity of ITO thin films. To overcome this limitation, carbon nano tube (CNT) is used as cover over radiating patch of the proposed antenna. As a result, due to high conductivity of CNT, along with gain and efficiency, the fractional bandwidth of the proposed antenna is also increased. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is carried out to provide more insightful physical characteristics of the proposed antenna. It helps to understand the structural optimization and to determine the operating frequency. Moreover, a copper based non-transparent E-shaped patch antenna, resonated at 0.76 THz is also designed to compare with the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna has fractional bandwidth of 21% which is much better than conventional patch antenna and some previous transparent antennas. A peak gain of 4.9 dBi is obtained at 0.76 THz with good radiation performance. The designed antenna is suitable for satellite communication because of its broad bandwidth, reasonable radiation efficiency, sufficient gain, light weight and compactness.
Cepstral and long-term features for emotion recognition (2009)

In this paper, we describe systems that were developed for the Open Performance Sub-Challenge of the INTERSPEECH 2009 Emotion Challenge. We participate in both two-class and fiveclass emotion detection. For the two-class problem, the best performance is obtained by logistic regression fusion of three systems. These systems use short- and long-term speech features. Fusion allowed to an absolute improvement of 2:6% on the unweighted recall value compared with [1]. For the fiveclass problem, we submitted two individual systems: cepstral GMM vs. long-term GMM-UBM. The best result comes from a cepstral GMM and produces an absolute improvement of 3:5% compared to [6].
A Review on Web Recommendation System (2013)

In Web world, there is immense of information available on the internet but user is not capable to find relevant information in short period of time. Therefore, a system called recommendation system developed to assist user in their browsing activities. It analyzes users need and provides relevant information in shorter span. In this work, various recommendation systems reviewed to analyze their problems and solutions. In order to improve the recommendation quality, a new web recommendation system is introduced. This system uses knn and genetic algorithm during web usage mining process to analyze static web access log.
Optimal Configuration of DG in Distribution System: An Overview (2016)

Distributed generation (DG) has increased ever attention in the distribution system from last few years. The main reason for DG in distribution system is increasing electric demand, deregulated power system and congested transmission network, which eventually declines the system performance. There is also increasing pressure of greenhouse gas emissions. For proper utilization of DG, the optimal placement and sizing is of main concern. Because improper DG location and size will increase the losses and decrease the system performance than existing. On the contrary, proper placement will maintain voltage profile, reduce power loss, and increase voltage stability in the distribution system. This paper presents overview of DG, the advances in DG technology and different optimization methods used for optimal placement and sizing problem. The key issues and challenges offered in the development of DG is also presented in this paper.
Negative Offset Operation of Four-Transistor CMOS Image Pixels for Increased Well Capacity and Suppressed Dark Current (2008)

This letter presents an electrical method to reduce dark current as well as increase well capacity of four-transistor pixels in a CMOS image sensor, utilizing a small negative offset voltage to the gate of the transfer (TX) transistor particularly only when the TX transistor is off. As a result, using a commercial pixel in a 0.18 mum CMOS process, the voltage drop due to dark current of the pinned photodiode (PPD) is reduced by 6.1 dB and the well capacity is enhanced by 4.4 dB, which is attributed to the accumulated holes and the increased potential barrier near the PPD, respectively.
Chloramphenicol Derivatives with Antibacterial Activity Identified by Functional Metagenomics (2018)

A functional metagenomic approach identified novel and diverse soil-derived DNAs encoding inhibitors to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A metagenomic DNA soil library containing 19 200 recombinant Escherichia coli BAC clones with 100 Kb average insert size was screened for antibiotic activity. Twenty-seven clones inhibited MRSA, seven of which were found by LC-MS to possess modified chloramphenicol ( Cm) derivatives, including three new compounds whose structures were established as 1-acetyl-3-propanoylchloramphenicol, 1-acetyl-3-butanoylchloramphenicol, and 3-butanoyl-1-propanoylchloramphenicol. Cm was used as the selectable antibiotic for cloning, suggesting that heterologously expressed enzymes resulted in derivatization of Cm into new chemical entities with biological activity. An esterase was found to be responsible for the enzymatic regeneration of Cm, and the gene trfA responsible for plasmid copy induction was found to be responsible for inducing antibacterial activity in some clones. Six additional acylchloramphenicols were synthesized for structure and antibacterial activity relationship studies, with 1- p-nitrobenzoylchloramphenicol the most active against Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MICs of 12.5 and 50.0 μg/mL, respectively.
Advances in the development of convergent schemes for the synthesis of biologically important glycoconjugates (1995)

Abstract
Efficiency enhancement of 400 nm violet LEDs utilizing island‐like GaN thick film by HVPE technology (2007)

Abstract In this study, we develop a novel way to fabricate InGaN/GaN LED chips with special shape for improving the output power. Crack‐free shaped GaN islands were first prepared on c‐axis sapphire substrate by using HVPE selective area growth. By doing so, GaN islands with flat top surface and inclined side faces are obtained. Then, the InGaN/GaN LED structure was grown on the top surface of the GaN island subsequently. The output powers of the p‐side up and the p‐side down shaped LED chip are 1.4 and 2.2 times the output power of the cubic chip, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)