gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Handwriting and Computer-Print on Composition Scores: A Follow-up to Powers, Fowles, Farnum, & Ramsey (2020)

Powers, Fowles, Farnum, & Ramsey (1994) report that essays presented in handwritten form receive..higher scores than the same essays presented as computer-text. The study presented here partially..replicates the study conducted by Powers et al. In addition, this study explores the extent to which..several types of errors in student writing are more visible when essays are presented as computertext...The two experiments presented here partially confirm previous findings that essays presented in..computer print receive lower scores and that part of this effect may result from the increased visibility..of errors in computer-text. Through interviews with readers, this study also suggests that the higher..standards and expectations readers have for text presented as computer print and the ability of some..readers to identify with students and see their effort when they handwrite essays may impact the..scores they award. Unlike Powers et al, however, this study does not find evidence that altering the..spacing of essays presented in computer print in order to increase the perceived length consistently..reduces the presentation effect. Accessed 34,106 times on https://pareonline.net from January 20, 2004 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Pharmacologic Abrogation of the Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint by an Indolocarbazole Discovered by Cellular Screening Efficiently Kills Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Pharmacologic Abrogation of the Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint by an Indolocarbazole Discovered by Cellular Screening Efficiently Kills Cancer Cells
Forming Big Datasets through Latent Class Concatenation of Imperfectly Matched Databases Features (2019)

Informatics researchers often need to combine data from many different sources to increase statistical power and study subtle or complicated effects. Perfect overlap of measurements across academic studies is rare since virtually every dataset is collected for a unique purpose and without coordination across parties not-at-hand (i.e., informatics researchers in the future). Thus, incomplete concordance of measurements across datasets poses a major challenge for researchers seeking to combine public databases. In any given field, some measurements are fairly standard, but every organization collecting data makes unique decisions on instruments, protocols, and methods of processing the data. This typically denies literal concatenation of the raw data since constituent cohorts do not have the same measurements (i.e., columns of data). When measurements across datasets are similar prima facie, there is a desire to combine the data to increase power, but mixing non-identical measurements could greatly reduce the sensitivity of the downstream analysis. Here, we discuss a statistical method that is applicable when certain patterns of missing data are found; namely, it is possible to combine datasets that measure the same underlying constructs (or latent traits) when there is only partial overlap of measurements across the constituent datasets. Our method, ROSETTA empirically derives a set of common latent trait metrics for each related measurement domain using a novel variation of factor analysis to ensure equivalence across the constituent datasets. The advantage of combining datasets this way is the simplicity, statistical power, and modeling flexibility of a single joint analysis of all the data. Three simulation studies show the performance of ROSETTA on datasets with only partially overlapping measurements (i.e., systematically missing information), benchmarked to a condition of perfectly overlapped data (i.e., full information). The first study examined a range of correlations, while the second study was modeled after the observed correlations in a well-characterized clinical, behavioral cohort. Both studies consistently show significant correlations >0.94, often >0.96, indicating the robustness of the method and validating the general approach. The third study varied within and between domain correlations and compared ROSETTA to multiple imputation and meta-analysis as two commonly used methods that ostensibly solve the same data integration problem. We provide one alternative to meta-analysis and multiple imputation by developing a method that statistically equates similar but distinct manifest metrics into a set of empirically derived metrics that can be used for analysis across all datasets.
BlackJack: Hard Error Detection with Redundant Threads on SMT (2007)

Testing is a difficult process that becomes more difficult with scaling. With smaller and faster devices, tolerance for errors shrinks and devices may act correctly under certain condition and not under others. As such, hard errors may exist but are only exercised by very specific machine state and signal pathways. Targeting these errors is difficult, and creating test cases that cover all machine states and pathways is not possible. In addition, new complications during burn-in may mean latent hard errors are not exposed in the fab and reach the customer before becoming active. To address this problem, we propose an architecture we call BlackJack that allows hard errors to be detected using redundant threads running on a single SMT core. This technique provides a safety-net that catches hard errors that were either latent during test or just not covered by the test cases at all. Like SRT, our technique works by executing redundant copies and verifying that their resulting machine states agree. Unlike SRT, BlackJack is able to achieve high hard error instruction coverage by executing redundant threads on different front and backend resources in the pipeline. We show that for a 15% performance penalty over SRT, BlackJack achieves 97% hard error instruction coverage compared to SRT's 35%.
Variability mitigation using correction function technique (2013)

As the fabrication technology migrates towards nanometer scale; the timing constraints of sequential circuits have become more critical. Process voltage and temperature variations (PVT) increase the unreliability of the sequential circuits. There are different techniques to tolerate the variability and to mitigate the critical timing of the sequential circuits. Traditional techniques using clock skewing or soft-edge flipflop relax the timing conditions by stealing time from adjacent stages. In contrast to traditional techniques using correction function technique can give an indication about the error rate which is useful to re-adjust the supply voltage or the operating frequency. The correction function technique is able to detect the error of one of the 4×4 bit multiplier's inputs and correct the output data without flushing the pipeline stages with 1.459x overhead of area and 1.427x overhead of power.
Preliminary investigation of design parameters of an innovative multi-pinhole system dedicated to brain SPECT imaging (2018)

Collimator penetration, down-scatter related to <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I high energy photons, and scatter within detectors can significantly degrade the imaging performance of any system. Precise selection of pinhole and collimator parameters using simulation studies has the potential to considerably reduce these effects. This type of investigation, thus represents an essential step in system development. An innovative multi-pinhole system, AdaptiSPECT-C, dedicated to clinical brain SPECT imaging, is currently under development at the universities of Massachusetts and Arizona. The aim of this work was to determine the system parameters which considerably improve AdaptiSPECT- C imaging performance for the criteria of sensitivity and relative amounts of scatter and penetration. A 20 mm thick, tungsten alloy collimator leads to the best trade-off between performance and price in case of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I imaging. Tungsten alloy provided performance relatively close to that of gold in terms of stopping power as compared to lead alloy. A pinhole center distance of 0.5 cm to the aperture entry port led to the best compromise for locating the aperture within the aperture plate in terms of sensitivity and relative amounts of scatter and penetration.
Tailoring test process by using the component-based development paradigm and the XML technology (2002)

ISO (International Standardization Organization) and the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) provide numerous standards for software products and processes. Utilizing those standards specific to a project requires some tailoring to meet the development domain. This paper includes: (1) a test process meta-model, which is a test process defined in standards; (2) "a scheme for tailoring processes" following a component-based development customization technique; and (3) AutoTP, an "automation tool for tailoring", which is derived from XML techniques. AutoTP is a tool in which a standard test process automatically generates a tailored test process by means of a methodology and a domain. In addition, the Rational Objectory process is used as an empirical study in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of HUN‐7293. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Surface and Bulk Transverse Fields on the Critical Behaviour of Ferromagnetic Films (2002)

The influence of surface and bulk transverse fields on the critical behaviour of ferromagnetic Ising films is studied by using effective field theory based on a single-site cluster method. Surface exchange enhancement is considered and a critical value is obtained. The dependence of the critical uniform transverse field on the film thickness, the phase diagrams in the fields, the critical surface transverse field versus the bulk one, and the exchange coupling ratio is presented.
Language processing and commonsense reasoning (1991)

The goal of this project is to develop the technology to construct intelligent, natural-language-capable agents. Such agents will have natural language and reasoning capabilities that facilitate interaction with untrained users who are seeking information pertinent to tasks in which they are engaged. Emphasis is given to techniques for creating such agents for new domains, focusing specifically on portability and knowledge acquisition. In particular, we have been developing DIRC (Domain Independent Retargetable Consultant), a kind of intelligent, natural-language-capable consultation shell, and a number of mechanisms for world and language knowledge acquisition.
Vibration analysis of land mine detection using high-pressure water jets (2000)

The goal of the waterjet-based mine location and identification project is to investigate the use of waterjets to locate and differentiate buried objects. When a buried object is struck with a high-pressure waterjet, the impact will cause characteristic vibrations in the object depending on the object's shape and composition. These vibrations will be transferred to the ground and then to the water stream that is hitting the object. Some of these vibrations will also be transferred to the air via the narrow channel the waterjet cuts in the ground.
Expression of transforming growth factor β2 RNA during murine embryogenesis (1989)

We have studied the temporal and spatial expression of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF beta 2) RNA in mouse embryos from 10.5 days post coitum (p.c.) to 3 days post partum (p.p.) by in situ hybridization analysis. TGF beta 2 RNA is expressed in a variety of tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, gut, blood vessels, skin and fetal placenta, and is in general found in the mesenchymal component of these tissues. The expression of TGF beta 2 RNA changes during development in a manner consistent with a role for the gene product in mediating mesenchymal-epithelial interactions.
Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from <i>In Vivo</i> Quantification of Hypoxic and Metabolic Status of NSCLC Tumors Using [<sup>18</sup>F]HX4 and [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT Imaging (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S3. Supplementary Table S1: Patient characteristics. Supplementary Table S2 Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) and corresponding p-values of GTVln based parameters on FDG Supplementary Table S3: Average distribution (mean+SD) of high (+) and low (-), HX4 and FDG uptake within the primary GTV.&lt;/p&gt;
PACKAGING AND AUTOMATED WAREHOUSING: HOW ARE THEY CONNECTED? (1973)

Discusses the extent of the change needed in package design to facilitate use in automated warehouses.
Torque Ripple Reduction of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Harmonic Injected Current (2008)

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used for many industrial applications such as power train, compressor and home appliances due to its high power density and wide speed range. However, IPMSM have relatively high torque ripple in comparison with surface mounted permanent magnet motor. In case of IPMSM, d-axis current should be fed to use reluctance torque, and the more d-axis current is needed as the motor speed goes up. Therefore, back electromotive force (EMF) of IPMSM contains much harmonics and torque ripple tend to increase as the motor speed increase. This paper proposes a method to reduce torque ripple using harmonic injected current. Firstly dominant harmonic order of back EMF is investigated then under the consideration of harmonics, torque ripple using harmonic injected current will be compared with that of sinusoidal current by finite element analysis.
Virtual machine migration techniques for managing time-varied workloads (2014)

This paper studies the virtual machine migration problem under dynamic traffic environment in data centers, while considering the tradeoff among resource utilization, energy consumption, and migration frequency. We use the service level agreement (SLA) soft threshold model to avoid frequent peak migrations at the migration trigger point. In the source virtual machine selection process, the maximum relevance is considered during the virtual machines selection method to improve resource coupling. In the destination server selection, the multi-resource relevance and matching method is used to solve the coupling problem of a single resource and the matching problem of a variety of resources. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm can improve the utilization rate of server resources to reduce power consumption and ensure system stability by reducing migration times. We also show that compared to existing techniques the algorithm used in this study can better adapt to dynamic changes of workloads.
Direct ascending aortic cannulation and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in acute aortic dissection type A (2007)

Introduction: In acute aortic dissection type A (AADA), retrograde arterial perfusion following cannulation of the femoral artery carries a potential risk of embolization of athermotatous debris, extension of dissection and malperfusion. Direct cannulation of the dissected ascending aorta thereby allows antegrade arterial perfusion. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) during moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) has become another standard for treatment of AADA.
Nationalism (2016)

Abstract Today, the word “nationalism” inspires a host of associations ranging from patriotic self‐sacrifice and civic pride to ethnocentrism and xenophobia. These associations speak to the concept's changing meaning across a history of practices that begin during the eighteenth century, and theories that commence at the end of the nineteenth century and continue to develop into the twenty‐first. This entry examines theories of nationalism as they intersect with postcolonial studies. Whether nationalism is defined by its location within the modern nation‐state or extends temporally and spatially beyond it; how this “spiritual principle” relates to material conditions of industrialization, capitalism, imperialism, and neocolonialism; the ways nationalism both marshals memory and induces forgetting of the past, and deploys violence in efforts to secure a political or social formation while naturalizing identities that are historically constructed – these are themes that animate critical conceptualizations of nationalism in the contexts of anti‐colonial resistance, decolonization, postcoloniality, and globalization.
Pavlovian bias in Parkinson’s disease: an objective marker of impulsivity that modulates with deep brain stimulation (2020)

Impulsivity is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Adaptive behavior is influenced by prepotent action-reward and inaction-avoid loss Pavlovian biases. We aimed to assess the hypothesis that impulsivity in PD is associated with Pavlovian bias, and to assess whether dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation (DBS) influence Pavlovian bias. A PD DBS cohort (N = 37) completed a reward-based Go/No-Go task and bias measures were calculated. This DBS cohort completed the task under three conditions: on-med/pre-DBS, off-med/off-DBS, and on-med/on-DBS. Participants also completed self-reported measures of impulsivity. Dopaminergic medication was associated with lower action-reward bias while DBS was associated with higher action-reward bias. Impulsivity was associated with higher action-reward bias but not inaction-avoid loss bias. We furthermore replicated this association in an independent, non-DBS PD cohort (N = 88). Overall we establish an objective behavioral marker of impulsivity and show that DBS affects impulsivity by amplifying automated responding. Our results point to the importance of reward rather than punishment avoidance in driving impulsive behaviors. This work provides insight into the pathophysiological underpinnings of impulsivity and especially medication and DBS-associated impulsivity in PD.
A Correlation for Velocity and Eddy Diffusivity for the Flow of Power-Law Fluids Close to a Pipe Wall (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Correlation for Velocity and Eddy Diffusivity for the Flow of Power-Law Fluids Close to a Pipe WallW. B. Krantz and D. T. WasanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1971, 10, 3, 424–427Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160039a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i160039a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reduced model state estimation for Wide-Area Monitoring Systems (2015)

This paper presents an alternative approach to multiarea state estimation. The proposed approach utilizes a fewer number of measurements than conventional state estimators and is unaffected by errors in system models. The measurements used are identified using principal component analysis, while artificial neural networks are used to implement the state estimation function. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated on the IEEE 118-bus and Polish 2383-bus systems.
Metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses of Accumulibacter phosphatis‐enriched floccular and granular biofilm (2015)

Biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, forming diverse adherent microbial communities that perform a plethora of functions. Here we operated two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors enriched with Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter) performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Reactors formed two distinct biofilms, one floccular biofilm, consisting of small, loose, microbial aggregates, and one granular biofilm, forming larger, dense, spherical aggregates. Using metagenomic and metaproteomic methods, we investigated the proteomic differences between these two biofilm communities, identifying a total of 2022 unique proteins. To understand biofilm differences, we compared protein abundances that were statistically enriched in both biofilm states. Floccular biofilms were enriched with pathogenic secretion systems suggesting a highly competitive microbial community. Comparatively, granular biofilms revealed a high-stress environment with evidence of nutrient starvation, phage predation pressure, and increased extracellular polymeric substance and cell lysis. Granular biofilms were enriched in outer membrane transport proteins to scavenge the extracellular milieu for amino acids and other metabolites, likely released through cell lysis, to supplement metabolic pathways. This study provides the first detailed proteomic comparison between Accumulibacter-enriched floccular and granular biofilm communities, proposes a conceptual model for the granule biofilm, and offers novel insights into granule biofilm formation and stability.
A simple microfluidic platform for the partial treatment of insuspendable tissue samples with orientation control (2018)

Microfluidic devices have extensively been applied to study biological samples, including single cells. Exploiting laminar flows on a small scale, microfluidics allow for the selective and partial exposure of samples to various chemical treatments. Traditionally, suspendable samples are first flowed into formed microchannels and are allowed to adhere to the channel floor randomly with no control over sample placement or orientation, before being subjected to partial treatment. This severely limits the choice of samples and the extent of sample preparations. Here, we overcame this limit by reversing the sequence. We prepared the samples first on glass substrates. A patterned silicone slab was then placed on the substrate to form channels at an appropriate orientation with respect to the sample. We used liquid silicone rubber (LSR) as the base material. Its compliance (low elastic modulus) and its adhesion to glass offer the necessary seal to form the microchannels naturally. The applicability of the device was demonstrated by testing single axons of embryonic Drosophila motor neurons in vivo. A segment of the axons was subjected to drugs that inhibit myosin activities or block voltage-gated sodium ion channels. In response, the axons reduced the clustering of neuro-transmitter vesicles at the presynaptic terminal of neuromuscular junctions, or increased the calcium intake and underwent membrane hyperpolarization, respectively. Such fundamental studies cannot be carried out using conventional microfluidics.