gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dovitinib (TKI258), a multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, is effective regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer (2015)

Introduction: We aimed to determine whether KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells exhibit distinct sensitivities to the multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, TKI258 (dovitinib). Materials and methods: We screened 10 CRC cell lines by using receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array to identify activated RTKs. MTT assays, anchorage-independent colony-formation assays, and immunoblotting assays were performed to evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor effects of TKI258. In vivo efficacy study followed by pharmacodynamic evaluation was done. Results: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR3 were among the most highly activated RTKs in CRC cell lines. In in vitro assays, the BRAF mutant HT-29 cells were more resistant to the TKI258 than the KRAS mutant LoVo cells. However, in xenograft assays, TKI258 equally delayed the growth of tumors induced by both cell lines. TUNEL assays showed that the apoptotic index was unchanged following TKI258 treatment, but staining for Ki-67 and CD31 was substantially reduced in both xenografts, implying an anti-angiogenic effect of the drug. TKI258 treatment was effective in delaying CRC tumor growth in vivo regardless of the KRAS and BRAF mutation status. Conclusions: Our results identify FGFRs as potential targets in CRC treatment and suggest that combined targeting of multiple RTKs with TKI258 might serve as a novel approach to improve outcome of patients with CRC.
Transporting Live Donor Kidneys for Kidney Paired Donation: Initial National Results (2011)

Optimizing the possibilities for kidney-paired donation (KPD) requires the participation of donor-recipient pairs from wide geographic regions. Initially it was envisaged that donors would travel to the recipient center; however, to minimize barriers to participation and simplify logistics, recent trends have involved transporting the kidneys rather than the donors. The goal of this study was to review outcomes of this practice. KPD programs throughout the United States were directly queried about all transplants involving live donor kidney transport. Early graft function was assessed by urine output in the first 8 h, postoperative serum creatinine trend, and incidence of delayed graft function. Between April 27, 2007 and April 29, 2010, 56 live donor kidneys were transported among 30 transplant centers. Median CIT was 7.2 h (IQR 5.5-9.7, range 2.5-14.5). Early urine output was robust (>100 cc/h) in all but four patients. Creatinine nadir was <2.0 mg/dL in all (including the four with lower urine output) but one patient, occurring at a median of 3 days (IQR 2-5, range 1-49). No patients experienced delayed graft function as defined by the need for dialysis in the first week. Current evidence suggests that live donor kidney transport is safe and feasible.
Matrix-based fertilizers: A new fertilizer formulation concept to reduce nutrient leaching (2007)

We compared the efficacy of matrix based fertilizers (MBFs) formulated to reduce NO 3 -,\nNH4+ , and total phosphorus (TP) leaching, with Osmocoate® 14-14-14, a conventional\ncommercial slow release fertilizer (SRF), and with an unamended control in greenhouse\ncolumn studies. The MBF formulations covered a range of inorganic N and P in compounds\nthat are relatively loosely bound (MBF1) to more moderately bound (MBF2) and more tightly\nbound compounds (MBF3) mixed with Al(SO 4)3 H2O and/or Fe2(SO4 )3 and with high ionic\nexchange compounds starch, chitosan and lignin. When N and P are released, the chemicals\ncontaining these nutrients in the MBF temporarily bind N and P to a Al(SO4 )3 H2O and/or\nFe2(SO4 )3 starch- chitosan- lignin matrix. One milligram (8000 spores) of Glomus intradices\nwas added to all formulations to attempt to enhance nutrient uptake. In this first series of\nexperiments, soil columns were planted to white soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv.\nFrame).\nThree soils were used, a sand, a loam and a loamy sand. In several studies, SRF leachate\ncontained higher amounts of NH4+ , NO3 " and TP than leachate from all other fertilizers.\nAlthough plant biomass and yield with MBF was reduced in the first series of experiments,\nfollow-up studies have shown that formulation adjustments allow comparable plant responses\namong SRF and MBFs. There were no consistent differences in the amount of NH4+ , NO3 -\nand TP in the MBF leachates compared to the control leachate. Arbuscular mycorrhizal\ninfection in plant roots did not consistently differ among plants growing in soil receiving SRF,\nMBFs and control treatments. The efficacy of MBF fertilizer strategy to reduce N and P\nleaching to surface has been verified and with continued work to optimize formulations this\ntechnology is expected to provide a new approach for groundwater protection, especially in\neasily drained soils. The approach has been submitted for patenting.
Performing the AVIP durability analysis using the finite element method (2002)

Improving avionics hardware reliability through the use of durability analysis is a primary objective of the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division's Avionics Integrity Program (AVIP). Embedding this process into an integrated product development (IPD) approach provides a design solution tailored to the equipment's operational environment. This enables improved hardware reliability and availability at reduced life cycle cost due to the reduction or elimination of unscheduled maintenance events. Identifying and correcting potential deficiencies and optimizing the equipment design to the usage environment and defining manufacturing processes in the development phase of the program are the ultimate objectives of IPD and AVIP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Distributed Motion Control for Multiple Connected Surface Vessels (2020)

We propose a scalable cooperative control approach which coordinates a group of rigidly connected autonomous surface vessels to track desired trajectories in a planar water environment as a single floating modular structure. Our approach leverages the implicit information of the structure's motion for force and torque allocation without explicit communication among the robots. In our system, a leader robot steers the entire group by adjusting its force and torque according to the structure's deviation from the desired trajectory, while follower robots run distributed consensus-based controllers to match their inputs to amplify the leader's intent using only onboard sensors as feedback. To cope with the complex and highly coupled system dynamics in the water, the leader robot employs a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC), where we experimentally estimated the dynamics model of the floating modular structure in order to achieve superior performance for leader-following control. Our method has a wide range of potential applications in transporting humans and goods in many of today's existing waterways. We conducted trajectory and orientation tracking experiments in hardware with three custom-built autonomous modular robotic boats, called Roboat, which are capable of holonomic motions and onboard state estimation. Simulation results with up to 65 robots also prove the scalability of our proposed approach.
A low-power design methodology for high-resolution pipelined analog-to-digital converters (2003)

In this paper a general method to design a pipelined ADC with minimum power consumption is presented. By expressing the total static power consumption and the total input-referred noise of the converter as functions of the capacitor values and the resolutions of the converter stages, a simple optimization algorithm is employed to calculate the optimum values of these parameters, which lead to minimum power consumption while a specified noise requirement is satisfied. To determine the bias current values of operational amplifiers, a novel optimal choice for settling and slewing time parameters is proposed applicable to both single-stage and two-stage Miller-compensated opamp structures. Using the proposed methodology, the optimum values for capacitors, the resolutions and the opamp device sizes of all stages are determined in order to minimize the total power consumption. Design examples are presented and compared with conventional approaches to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Real Time Modeling and Control in Plasma Arc Fabrication of Intermetallic Coatings (2006)

Successful fabrication of intermetallic coatings on surfaces of manufacturing interest involves regulation of the temperature/ concentration dynamic distributions that develop in the molten layer during the thermal and reaction process. Modeling the spatio-temporal dynamics of this metallurgical process, however, requires partial differential equations that are cumbersome to solve on-line, as part of a real time reference model to the controller. To this end, we present a computationally parallel and meshless model to decipher the dynamics of the thermal coating process and to permit real time monitoring and control of the resulting coating microstructure. The analytical model, which is solved numerically using Matlab, is validated with nickel aluminide coatings processed on a robotic plasma arc laboratory station, through in-process infrared thermal sensing and off-line metallographic analysis. A proportional-integral control scheme, that involves on-line parameter identification and model adaptation, is also developed to facilitate the successful production of binary metal system coatings that exhibit the desired microstructure geometry and characteristics.
A Compact Harmonic Radar System With Active Tags at 61/122 GHz ISM Band in SiGe BiCMOS for Precise Localization (2020)

This article presents a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) harmonic radar in the 61-/122-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. The radar is based on two self-designed monolithic microwave wave integrated circuits (MMICs) for the transceiver (TRX) and tag which are fabricated in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The presented TRX-MMIC consists of a fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a power amplifier (PA), Wilkinson power dividers, and a static divide-by-16 chain for stabilization within a phase-locked loop (PLL) in the transmitter (TX) part. The receiver (RX) part has two channels with a low noise amplifier (LNA), a Gilbert cell mixer, and an intermediate frequency (IF)-amplifier each. The fundamental of the VCO is converted by a frequency doubler and distributed to the local oscillator (LO) input of the RX-mixers. With such a TRX architecture the active nonlinear tag which consists of antennas, pre-amplifiers, and a frequency doubler can be detected. For a sweep from 60 to 64 GHz, a spatial resolution of 4 cm at 1-m distance and a range of 23.3 m is achieved. With these characteristics, the tag enables harmonic radar applications in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) range for medium range with high accuracy and resolution with a small form factor.
Phosphazene Silicate Nanocomposites. A Survey of Materials Properties and Synthetic Methods Using New Catalysts (2000)

In the ceramics community, manipulation of synthetic conditions such as the choice of acid, base or ionic species as catalysts, aging of precursor solutions, and choice of sintering temperatures in the formation of silicate networks are known to produce radically different glass and ceramic morphologies.1 Implementation of these approaches has been attempted for some organic polymer based hybrid nanocomposites2 but not for polyphosphazene silicate composites. The desire to create unique and novel network morphologies became the impetus for establishing new catalysis protocols. The surprising inability to reproduce the mechanical properties of a well-established benchmark composite material from the literature,3 was one principal driver that initiated this in-depth investigation into the roles that the nature and amount of catalysts play in the production and physical properties of these composites.
Identification of Side-Fallers from Gait Measurements (2005)

Falls by older adults are the leading cause of injuries and trauma-related hospital admissions in the United States. Moreover, falls cause more than 90% of all hip fractures in the U.S. Most injurious falls occur while walking and the majority of hip fractures occur from a fall in the sideways direction. PURPOSE Our aim was to identify side fallers by evaluating spatial and temporal parameters of gait for elderly individuals. METHODS We recruited 139 adults over the age of 70 who were living in retirement communities in Oregon (107 females and 32 males, mean age 83.3 ± 5.6 years). A portable electronic walkway system (Gait Rite; CIR Systems, New Jersey, 07012) was used to obtain the baseline gait characteristics of participants at entry. Subjects were then followed prospectively for two years while fall characteristics were recorded. RESULTS We found no differences in gait variability by fall direction; however side-fallers exhibited narrower stride widths compared to “other-directed” fallers (0.157 ± 0.006 meters vs. 0.182 ± 0.006 meters, respectively; p= .027). Stride widths did not differ between other-direction-fallers and non-fallers. CONCLUSIONS With age, individuals develop adaptive strategies such as reducing walking speed and stride length and increasing stride width to enhance side-to-side (medial-lateral) stability. Our results indicate that elderly individuals who fall to the side exhibit decreased stride widths compared to “other-directed” fallers and non-fallers. Thus, stride width may provide a key metric that can be utilized to distinguish side-fallers from the larger population of fallers. Supported by the National Institutes of Health, AR40321-12.
Computational Bundling for Auctions (2015)

Revenue maximization in combinatorial auctions (and other multidimensional selling settings) is one of the most important and elusive problems in mechanism design. The optimal design is unknown, and is known to include features that are not acceptable in many applications, such as favoring some bidders over others and randomization. In this paper, we instead study a common revenue-enhancement approach - bundling - in the context of the most commonly studied combinatorial auction mechanism, the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism. A second challenge in mechanism design for combinatorial auctions is that the prior distribution on each bidder's valuation can be doubly exponential. Such priors do not exist in most applications. Rather, in many applications (such as premium display advertising markets), there is essentially a point prior, which may not be accurate. We adopt the point prior model, and prove robustness to inaccuracy in the prior. Then, we present a branch-and-bound framework for finding the optimal bundling. We introduce several techniques for branching, upper bounding, lower bounding, and lazy bounding. Experiments on CATS distributions validate the approach and show that our techniques dramatically improve scalability over a leading general-purpose MIP solver.
Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method (2014)

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are heterogeneous mixtures of many types of lipids, contain membrane-bound proteins and are decorated with carbohydrates. In some experiments, it is desirable to decouple the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer from those of the natural membrane. Such cases call for the use of model systems such as giant vesicles, liposomes or supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Arrays of SLBs are particularly attractive for sensing applications and mimicking cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a new method for forming SLB arrays. Submicron-diameter SiO2 beads are first coated with lipid bilayers to form spherical SLBs (SSLBs). The beads are then deposited into an array of micro-fabricated submicron-diameter microwells. The preparation technique uses a "squeegee" to clean the substrate surface, while leaving behind SSLBs that have settled into microwells. This method requires no chemical modification of the microwell substrate, nor any particular targeting ligands on the SSLB. Microwells are occupied by single beads because the well diameter is tuned to be just larger than the bead diameter. Typically, more 75% of the wells are occupied, while the rest remain empty. In buffer SSLB arrays display long-term stability of greater than one week. Multiple types of SSLBs can be placed in a single array by serial deposition, and the arrays can be used for sensing, which we demonstrate by characterizing the interaction of cholera toxin with ganglioside GM1. We also show that phospholipid vesicles without the bead supports and biomembranes from cellular sources can be arrayed with the same method and cell-specific membrane lipids can be identified.
Modeling and Optimization of Transmission Schemes in Energy-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

We consider a wireless sensor network with energy constraints. We model the energy consumption in the transmitter circuit along with that for data transmission. We model the bottom three layers of the traditional networking stack - the link layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, and the routing layer. Using these models, we consider the optimization of transmission schemes to maximize the network lifetime. We first consider the optimization of a single layer at a time, while keeping the other layers fixed. We make certain simplifying assumptions to decouple the layers and formulate optimization problems to compute a strategy that maximizes the network lifetime. We then extend this approach to cross-layer optimization of time division multiple access (TDMA) wireless sensor networks. In this case, we construct optimization problems to compute the optimal transmission schemes to an arbitrary degree of accuracy and efficiently. We then consider networks with interference, and propose methods to compute approximate solutions to the resulting optimization problems. We give numerical examples that illustrate the computational approaches as well as the benefits of cross-layer design in wireless sensor networks.
A functional G300S variant of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor is associated with atopy in a Tristan da Cunha isolate (2007)

Atopy is a well-defined immune phenotype that is reported to be a risk factor for asthma. Among the many loci that contribute to a genetic predisposition to asthma, the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor genes and their variants have been important subjects of study because they are functionally and pharmacologically implicated in the atopy phenotype affecting many asthma subjects. Moreover, the product of cysteinyl-leukotriene 1 receptor gene (CysLT1), located at Xq13.2, is targeted by LT receptor antagonists. In our earlier association study, the M201V variant of the cysteinyl-leukotriene 2 receptor gene (CysLT2), located at 13q14, was implicated in atopic asthma. Here we report the screening of the coding region of the CysLT1, gene in the highly asthmatic Tristan da Cunha population. In this population, we discovered a CysLT1 G300S variant that is carried with a significantly higher frequency in atopics and asthmatics from the Tristan da Cunha population. Furthermore, we report the asthma independent association of the CysLT1 G300S variant with atopy. Subsequently, we compared the changes conferred by each SNP on CysLT function. The CysLT1 300S receptor interacts with LTD4 with significantly greater potency. For the 300S variant, a statistically significant decrease in the effector concentration for half-maximum response (EC50) for intracellular Ca flux and total InsP generation is observed. Other aspects of the receptor function and activity, such as desensitization, pharmacologic profile in response to montelukast, and cellular localization, are unchanged. These in vitro analyses provide evidence that the 300S CysLT1 variant, found more commonly in atopics in the Tristan da Cunha population, encodes a functionally more sensitive variant.
Application of Cp2TiCl-Promoted Radical Cyclization: A Unified Strategy for the Syntheses of Iridoid Monoterpenes (2018)

An expedient approach toward the unified total syntheses of (+)-iridomyrmecin, (-)-isoiridomyrmecin, (+)-7- epi-boschnialactone, (+)-teucriumlactone, and (-)-dolichodial in chirally pure forms starting from readily available (+)-β-citronellene is delineated combining step economy and simplicity. Highlights include a Ti(III)-mediated reductive epoxide opening-cyclization for the construction of the core cyclopenta[ c]pyran skeleton of the iridoid lactones with complete diastereoselectivity for the newly created bridgehead stereogenic centers. Subsequent transformations facilitate a short access to (+)-teucriumlactone and (-)-dolichodial and formal access to potentially other iridoids.
Fitting Cox's proportional hazards models from survey data (1992)

The proportional hazards model makes a number of assumptions which may not always be completely satisfied. However, fitting such models can have both descriptive and analytical value. We discuss the implications of the survey design for large-scale studies. We propose a weighted estimator and derive a design-based estimator for the variance of the estimated parameters. The derivation requires using methods not previously used in the context of analysis of survey data. We conduct a small simulation study comparing the proposed method with others in the literature.
TMI-2 lower vessel debris examinations (1986)

Samples of prior molten debris have been retrieved from the lower reactor head of the TMI-2 reactor. Preliminary results of the examination of these samples are presented with particular emphasis on the metallurgical and radiochemical characteristics of the materials. Areas of nearly pure fuel material in a stoichiometric, (U,Zr)O/sub 2/ matrix occurred which indicate temperatures approaching the melting point of UO/sub 2/ (up to 3100/sup 0/K). Comparison of the measured radionuclide concentrations in the debris with ORIGEN-2 calculated concentrations indicates significant retention of Cs-137 (up to 22%) in the prior molten debris. Autoradiography results suggest significant accumulations of activity on the surfaces of voids in the debris and at grain boundaries.
Machine Learning Model Based on Transthoracic Bioimpedance and Heart Rate Variability for Lung Fluid Accumulation Detection: Prospective Clinical Study (2020)

This is useful, for instance, for an in-home diagnostic wearable to detect fluid accumulation. Results suggest that fluid accumulation, and subsequently acute decompensated heart failure detection, could be performed using transthoracic bioimpedance and heart rate variability measurements acquired with a wearable vest.
The use of microlenses for making spatially variant optical interconnections (1992)

The authors have demonstrated the operation of spatially variant optical interconnections using microlenses. Each connection is made by imaging an element of the source onto an element of the detector by an afocal pair of lenses in which lateral displacement of the second lens controls the angular deviation of the bundle of rays. They used microlenses of 250 mu m diameter made by melting photoresist and have demonstrated an 8*8 one-dimensional cyclic shift, a two-dimensional cyclic shift and a two-dimensional perfect shuffle.
The Oldest Extant Paper in Japan and the Oldest Extant Paper Written in Japan (2021)

The “oldest paper” that exists in Japan, that is, the “Li Bai Document （Draft of a letter by Li Bai）” written in China in 328, and the “oldest paper written in Japan （615）”, that is, Prince Shotoku’s autograph “Hokke gisho （Commentary on The Lotus Sutra）”, those two cultural heritages are explained in this paper.