gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A critical evaluation of the safety datasheets of graphene materials (2023)

Abstract Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, is a material that has held a leading position in material research owing to its excellent properties, allowing its use in innovative technologies. In spite of many advantages, the graphene’s potentially hazardous effect on the environment as well as human health constitutes a major drawback. Year after year, safety data sheets (SDS) constitute the main reference on a material’s potential hazards and the methods to prevent or address them if needed. However, SDS content has been heavily criticized due to incomplete, incorrect, or missing information and the cost required to produce and maintain it. The primary objective of this work is to introduce a stepwise process of knowledge management regarding SDSs, by identifying unexplored or neglected sections in a holistic approach. In this light, this work examines 37 graphene SDS, using modified Hodson’s criteria. The quality evaluation revealed that approximately 5% (2/37) of the datasheets were deemed reliable without restrictions (excellent), the majority 49% (18/37) were categorized as reliable with restrictions (good), while about reaching almost 46% (17/37) were deemed non-informative. It is noteworthy that approximately 73% of the SDS require major improvements; thus, the majority did not provide adequate data to be properly assessed. Section 15 could potentially trigger fundamental changes in the product status. The comprehensive evaluation of all 16 sections will enhance the capacity to conduct research mapping and formulate opinions on nanomaterials, thereby stimulating innovation.
Towards Effective Low-Bitwidth Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

This paper tackles the problem of training a deep convolutional neural network with both low-precision weights and low-bitwidth activations. Optimizing a low-precision network is very challenging since the training process can easily get trapped in a poor local minima, which results in substantial accuracy loss. To mitigate this problem, we propose three simple-yet-effective approaches to improve the network training. First, we propose to use a two-stage optimization strategy to progressively find good local minima. Specifically, we propose to first optimize a net with quantized weights and then quantized activations. This is in contrast to the traditional methods which optimize them simultaneously. Second, following a similar spirit of the first method, we propose another progressive optimization approach which progressively decreases the bit-width from high-precision to low-precision during the course of training. Third, we adopt a novel learning scheme to jointly train a full-precision model alongside the low-precision one. By doing so, the full-precision model provides hints to guide the low-precision model training. Extensive experiments on various datasets (i.e., CIFAR-100 and ImageNet) show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. To highlight, using our methods to train a 4-bit precision network leads to no performance decrease in comparison with its full-precision counterpart with standard network architectures (i.e., AlexNet and ResNet-50).
H/sub ∞/ Gaussian filter on infinite time horizon (2002)

Addresses design of H/sub /spl infin// Gaussian filters on infinite time horizon. In particular, we are interested in the robust filter design in a Gaussian noisy environment for a target plant which is subject to model uncertainty. The proposed filter can be treated as a natural extension of the Kalman filter for plants with model uncertainty in their worst cases. It is shown that the design can be done by solving a set of coupled algebraic Riccati equations. It is claimed that the resulting filter captures a trade-off between H/sub /spl infin// and H/sub 2/ (Kalman) filters.
Polyhipe foam materials as filtration media (1995)

A novel method of preparing low-density microporous polymeric foam materials has been utilised to produce media which are effective in crossflow microfiltration applications. Polyhipe polymer (PHP) is produced by the polymerisation of a high-internal-phase emulsion (HIPE), resulting in a homogeneous, highly porous, low-density, open cellular material. Crossflow filtration modules made from PHP have been tested using a computer-controlled filtration unit to investigate the effects of membrane skin porosity and surface modification on their filtration performance.
Euripides, Cyclops. Edited with Introduetion and Notes by W. E. Long, M.A. Oxford, Clarendon Press. (1892)

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ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions of Cyclopentadienes to DMAD Tetramer. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamic Interplay between Histone H3 Modifications and Protein Interpreters: Emerging Evidence for a “Histone Language” (2010)

Histone proteins organize DNA into dynamic chromatin structures and regulate processes such as transcription, repair, and replication. Control of chromatin function and structure is mediated in part by reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histones. The most N-terminal region of histone H3 contains a high density of modifiable residues. Here we focus on the dynamic interplay between histone modification states on the H3 N terminus and the binding modules that recognize these states. Specifically, we discuss the effect of auxiliary modifications to H3K4unmod/me3 binding modules (specifically H3R2 methylation, H3T3 phosphorylation, and H3T6 phosphorylation). Emerging evidence suggests that histone PTMs behave less like a strict "code", but more like a "language", which better illustrates the importance of context. Using androgen-receptor-mediated gene activation as an example, we propose a model of how the combinatorial natures of PTMs on the H3 N terminus and the complexes that recognize these epigenetic modifications control gene expression.
Analysis of via-resolver DNS TXT queries and detection possibility of botnet communications (2015)

Recent reports on Internet security have indicated that the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol is being used for botnet communication in various botnets; in particular, botnet communication based on DNS TXT record type has been observed as a new technique in some botnet-based cyber attacks. One of the most fundamental Internet protocols, the DNS protocol is used for basic name resolution as well as many Internet services, so it is not possible to simply block out all DNS traffic. To block out only malicious DNS TXT record based botnet communications, it would be necessary to distinguish them from legitimate DNS traffic involving DNS TXT records. However, the DNS TXT record is also used in many legitimate ways since this type is allowed to include any plain text up to a fairly long length. In this paper, we mainly focus on the usage of the DNS TXT record and explain our analysis using about 5.5 million real DNS TXT record queries obtained for over 3 months in our campus network. Based on the analysis findings, we discuss a new method to detect botnet communication. Our analysis results show that 330 unique destination IP addresses (cover approximately 22.1% of unknown usages of DNS TXT record queries) may have been involved in malicious communications and this proportion is a reasonable basis for network administrators to perform detailed manual checking in many organizations.
The class XIV myosin of Toxoplasma gondii , TgMyoA, is druggable in an animal model of infection (2022)

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread apicomplexan parasite that can cause severe disease in its human hosts. The ability of T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites to invade into, egress from, and move between cells of the hosts they infect is critical to parasite virulence and disease progression. An unusual and highly conserved parasite myosin motor (TgMyoA) plays a central role in T. gondii motility. The goal of this work was to test whether pharmacological inhibition of TgMyoA can alter disease progression in an animal model of infection. To this end, we sought to identify small molecule inhibitors of TgMyoA by screening a collection of 50,000 structurally diverse small molecules for inhibitors of the recombinant motors actin-activated ATPase activity. The top hit to emerge from the screen, KNX-002, inhibited TgMyoA with little to no effect on any of the vertebrate myosins tested. KNX-002 was also active against parasites, inhibiting parasite motility and growth in culture in a dose-dependent manner. We used chemical mutagenesis, selection in KNX-002, and targeted sequencing to identify a mutation in TgMyoA (T130A) that renders the recombinant motor less sensitive to compound. Compared to wild-type parasites, parasites expressing the T130A mutation showed reduced sensitivity to KNX-002 in motility and growth assays, confirming TgMyoA as a biologically relevant target of KNX-002. Finally, KNX-002 was shown to slow disease progression in mice infected with wild-type parasites, but not parasites expressing the resistance-conferring TgMyoA T130A mutation. These data demonstrate the specificity of KNX-002 for TgMyoA, both in vitro and in vivo , and validate TgMyoA as a druggable target for toxoplasmosis. Since TgMyoA is essential for virulence, conserved in apicomplexan parasites, and distinctly different from the myosins found in humans, pharmacological inhibition of MyoA offers a promising new approach to treating the devastating diseases caused by T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites.
Factors which Affect Efficiency of Autoradiography with Tritiated Thymidine (1962)

The overall efficiency of autoradiography with tritium-labeled thymidine has been found to be influenced by the following conditions: (1) exposure in an atmosphere of CO2 and the use of the stripping-film technique, both of which increase the autoradiographic efficiency when compared to exposure in air or to dip-coating technique; (2) latent image fading, which increases with increasing exposure. Up to 2 wk of exposure, however, this disadvantage is counterbalanced by the fading of the mechanical background produced during stripping or dip-coating; (3) the thickness of the inert coating interposed between the labeled locus and the sensitized emulsion. A layer of inert coating can be obtained that will arrest all beta particles from tritium, while having no effect on more energetic emitters like C14; (4) the amount of tritiated thymidine given, with relatively large amounts producing an increase in the mean grain count per labeled cell but not in the percentage of cells identifiable as labeled; and (5) the type of fixative and the staining procedure used. Feulgen stain reduces the mean grain count in cells labeled with radioactive thymidine, while fixation with acetic alcohol (1:3) reduces the grain count in cells labeled with precursors of ribonucleic acid.
Analysis of the molecular organization of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) in solution using ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate) as the cross-linking reagent. (1988)

Analysis of chemically cross-linked recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of three distinct molecular forms which correspond to trimers, dimers, and monomers. The cross-linking procedure appeared to enhance the antigenicity of these molecular forms of rTNF as determined by Western blot analysis. Cross-linking was unaffected by 2% Nonidet P-40, high concentrations of human serum albumin, or 60% normal human serum. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.08%) completely abolished the cross-linking of rTNF. This paper demonstrates that rTNF, at a concentration as low as 0.8 ng/ml, exists solely in the trimeric form in solution under nondenaturing conditions.
Preliminary studies on the effect of Oidium tuckeri on the phenolic composition of grapes and wines (2015)

Research Note A study of the influence of Oidium tuckeri on anthocyanins and the hydroxycinnamic tartaric esters of grapes and red wines was carried out during the 1993 harvest. After infection the level of anthocyanins in the skins of berries and in wines was lower than in healthy grapes and their wines. It is of particular interest that two bisubstituted anthocyanins reacted less sensitive to the pathogen. Wines from infected grapes contained more hydroxycinnamic tartaric esters.
Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy in a Single-Variant Co-Ni-Al Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy (2003)

The single-variant state and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a single crystal Co41Ni32Al27 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) have been investigated. After applying compressive stress, the single-variant state was confirmed by optical micrograph and linear thermal expansion measurements. In the heating process for the single-variant martensite phase, the shrinkage of about 7% takes place at the reverse transformation temperature. From the magnetization curves along the c-, a-axes and the [110]M directions in the single-variant state, the c-axis is determined to be the hard axis and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant in the single crystal Co41Ni32Al27 β′ martensite phase is evaluated to be 3.2×105 J/m3 at 5 K.
Acúmulo de micronutrientes em porta-enxerto cítrico micorrizado em diferentes doses de fósforo (2008)

Com o objetivo de se estudar a influência de doses altas de P e fungo micorrízico arbuscular, na partição de nutrientes absorvidos por porta-enxerto de citros, instalou-se experimento com quatro níveis de P (0, 50, 150 e 250 mg kg-1 de solo), sem e com fungo micorrízico arbuscular (Glomus intraradices). Determinaram-se os micronutrientes (Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) nas raízes, caules e folhas de Tangerineira “Cleópatra”, Citrus reshni (Rutaceae). Os resultados sugerem o acúmulo de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nas raízes de plantas micorrizadas nas doses mais altas de P, o que pode afetar processos fisiológicos vitais e impactar a produção de mudas e interferir na resistência a doenças em citros
Enriched Housing Enhances Recovery of Limb Placement Ability and Reduces Aggrecan-Containing Perineuronal Nets in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex after Experimental Stroke (2014)

Stroke causes life long disabilities where few therapeutic options are available. Using electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain and physical rehabilitation, recovery of brain function can be enhanced even late after stroke. Animal models support this notion, and housing rodents in an enriched environment (EE) several days after experimental stroke stimulates lost brain function by multisensory mechanisms. We studied the dynamics of functional recovery of rats with a lesion to the fore and hind limb motor areas induced by photothrombosis (PT), and with subsequent housing in either standard (STD) or EE. In this model, skilled motor function is not significantly enhanced by enriched housing, while the speed of recovery of sensori-motor function substantially improves over the 9-week study period. In particular, this stroke lesion completely obliterates the fore and hind limb placing ability when visual and whisker guidance is prevented, a deficit that persists for up to 9 weeks of recovery, but that is markedly restored within 2 weeks by enriched housing. Enriched housing after stroke also leads to a significant loss of perineuronal net (PNN) immunoreactivity; detection of aggrecan protein backbone with AB1031 antibody was decreased by 13-22%, and labelling of a glycan moiety of aggrecan with Cat-315 antibody was reduced by 25-30% in the peri-infarct area and in the somatosensory cortex, respectively. The majority of these cells are parvalbumin/GABA inhibitory interneurons that are important in sensori-information processing. We conclude that damage to the fore and hind limb motor areas provides a model of loss of limb placing response without visual guidance, a deficit also seen in more than 50% of stroke patients. This loss is amenable to recovery induced by multiple sensory stimulation and correlates with a decrease in aggrecan-containing PNNs around inhibitory interneurons. Modulating the PNN structure after ischemic damage may provide new therapies enhancing tactile/proprioceptive function after stroke.
Identification of a stimulus‐dependent DNase I hypersensitive site between the Iα and Cα exons during immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination (2000)

The complete humoral response to foreign antigen depends upon two distinct recombination events within the heavy chain locus of immunoglobulin. The first recombination event takes place in what will become the antigen combining site of the antibody molecule, encoded by V, D and J segments. The second recombination event involves the looping-out of large spans of DNA which separate the various clusters of heavy chain exons which define the different immunoglobulin isotypes, or classes. While a great deal has been learned about the nature of the VDJ recombinase, very little is known about the nature of the class-switch recombinase. Using a cell system where class-switch recombination occurs primarily to the IgA locus, we have looked for stimulus-dependent changes in the chromatin structure of the IgA locus which might result from interactions between components of the recombinase and cis-elements within the region. We present evidence that strongly suggests that the class-switch recombinase interacts between the Ialpha and Calpha exons of IgA, just upstream of the highly reiterated DR1 and DR2 elements. However, although multiple potential SMAD-4 sites are located precisely within the DNase I hypersensitive site and 160 bp upstream of that site, we failed to detect any evidence of DNA/protein interactions near the hypersensitive site. Moreover, recombinant SMAD-3/4 proteins fail to interact with these sites with appreciable affinity in vitro. These data suggest that some other structural alteration at this site (e.g. RNA/DNA hybrid) may mediate the nuclease sensitivity.
Effect of ferroelectric polarization on current response of PZT thin films (1995)

Abstract A strong influence of ferroelectric polarization on d.c. conduction has been observed in PZT thin films with Pt electrodes. It is shown that the current-voltage response taken for measuring times of hundreds of seconds at room temperature is controlled by the crossover from the transient to steady-state conduction regime. In the transient regime the current flowing against the initial direction of the ferroelectric polarization is higher than that flowing in the reverse direction. In the steady-state regime a current asymmetry of the opposite sense is observed. At elevated temperatures (150–200°C) the asymmetry in both regimes is strongly suppressed. A Maxwell-Wagner relaxation model with ferroelectric and non-ferroelectric capacitors can qualitatively explain the observed phenomena.
Temperature compensated long-period gratings for biochemical sensing applications (2011)

A novel temperature compensation method for long-period grating (LPG) based biochemical sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Special laser-heated fiber (LHF) is used for fabricating LPG sensor whose temperature cross-sensitivity can be compensated by laser heating. Experimental results show that such a method is very promising for biochemical sensing and can be used to compensate temperature variation of ~86&deg;C.
Comparison of echocardiographic linear dimensions for male and female child and adolescent athletes with published pediatric normative data (2018)

The study presents normative data for basic echocardiographic cardiac measurements for children of both sexes practicing varying sporting disciplines and compares them with general pediatric population. Mean values of cardiac dimensions are higher in young athletes, particularly in relation to the left atrium and left ventricular muscle thickness. In most cases, the upper limit of normality observed in the young athletes is confined within the upper limit of the general pediatric population.
Complications of Correction for Focal Kyphosis After Posterior Osteotomy and the Corresponding Management (2012)

During the posterior osteotomy and correction of focal kyphosis, the risk of surgery increases along with the more severe deformity and the more complicated surgical procedure. However, most complications do not significantly affect the outcome if treated appropriately.
TheArabidopsis HAL2‐like gene family includes a novel sodium‐sensitive phosphatase (1999)

The yeast HAL2 gene encodes a lithium- and sodium-sensitive phosphatase that hydrolyses 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP). Salt toxicity in yeast results from Hal2 inhibition and accumulation of PAP, which inhibits sulphate assimilation and RNA processing. We have investigated whether the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains sodium-sensitive PAP phosphatases. The Arabidopsis HAL2-like gene family is composed of three members: AtAHL and AtSAL2, characterized in the present work, and the previously identified AtSAL1. The AtAHL and AtSAL2 cDNAs complement the auxotrophy for methionine of the yeast hal2 mutant and the recombinant proteins catalyse the conversion of PAP to AMP in a Mg(2+)-dependent reaction sensitive to inhibition by Ca2+ and Li+. The PAP phosphatase activity of AtAHL is sensitive to physiological concentrations of Na+, whereas the activities of AtSAL1 and AtSAL2 are not. Another important difference is that AtAHL is very specific for PAP while AtSAL1 and AtSAL2 also act as inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatases. AtAHL constitutes a novel type of sodium-sensitive PAP phosphatase which could act co-ordinately with plant sulphotransferases and serve as target of salt toxicity in plants.
REDUCED INTENSITY STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (2004)

These results suggested that RIST might be considered as salvage therapy in patients metastatic RCC.
Comparative study of experimentally induced benign and atypical hyperplasia in the ventral prostate of different rat strains. (1995)

The induction of prostatic lesions in the rat by hormonal manipulation and/or chemical carcinogens in different strains is well documented in literature. However, the selection of a strain for such studies was merely based on the laboratory husbandry facilities rather than on the animal genotype. It is well accepted that the morphology and function of the prostate exhibit a marked species-specific differences that makes extrapolation to other animals and man difficult. Our group has developed an experimental model for the study of rat prostatic hyperplasia and/or dysplasia induced by citral--a flavor constituent. Previous observations have revealed that the Wistar rat ventral prostate is reactive to citral, especially during its adolescent growth period as well as during the redifferentiation stage among postcastrated rats treated with exogenous testosterone. The present study presents data on the ventral prostate susceptibility of three additional strains selected by their interrelated endocrine morbidity. In order to facilitate an objective comparative analysis of the prostatic lesions a histopathological score chart was elaborated. The present findings showed that the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains were the most susceptible to developing benign and atypical prostatic hyperplasia both in intact and postcastrated rats. The F344 and ACl/Ztm rat strains remained refractory toward all of these treatments. Our data provide evidence that the strain genotype and, more precisely, their endocrine background, play a determinative role in the prostatic responsiveness towards citral. It is suggested that additional consideration be given to the selection of an adequate animal strain when studying experimental neoplastic transformation, especially when hormonal interactions might be involved.