gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Self-Assembly and Sequential Infiltration Synthesis of High χ Fluorine-Containing Block Copolymers (2020)

We leverage the attractive properties of a high χ–low N BCP, i.e., poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-fluoroethylmethyl acrylate) (PS-b-P2FEMA), and illustrate its utility for next-generation nanomanufacturing. The synthesis, physical characterization, and thin film self-assembly of a series of lamellar and cylindrical PS-b-P2FEMA BCPs are delineated. PS-b-P2FEMA BCPs with total molecular weights ranging from 7 to 22 kg mol–1 were synthesized by using reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Temperature-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements revealed a large χ value (0.13 at 150 °C) for PS-b-P2FEMA. Solvothermal vapor annealing of PS-b-P2FEMA films produced highly oriented fingerprint patterns in as short as 60 s. Lamellar period sizes ranged from 25.9 down to 14.2 nm with feature sizes as small as 7 nm observed. We also demonstrate the integration feasibility of PS-b-P2FEMA BCPs through alumina hardmask formation using sequential infiltration synthesis. The highly favorable characteristics of the P2FEMA-based BCPs detailed here provide a versatile material option to the current library of available BCPs for sub-10 nm nanolithography.
Extended orbital modeling of spin qubits in double quantum dots (2018)

Orbital modeling of two electron spins confined in a double quantum dot is revisited. We develop an extended Hund-Mulliken approach that includes excited orbitals, allowing for a triplet configuration with both electrons residing in a single dot. This model improves the reliability and applicability of the standard Hund-Mulliken approximation, while remaining largely analytical, thus it enables us to identify the mechanisms behind the exchange coupling dynamics that we find. In particular, our calculations are in close agreement with exchange values that were recently measured at a high interdot bias regime, where the double occupancy triplet configuration is energetically accessible, demonstrating reduced sensitivity to bias fluctuations, while maintaining the large exchange needed for fast gating.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Based Supramolecular Polymers (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resolution power in digital in-line holography (2006)

Digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) can achieve wavelength resolution both laterally and in depth with the simple optical setup consisting of a laser illuminating a wavelength-sized pinhole and a CCD camera for recording the hologram. The reconstruction is done numerically on the basis of the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz transform which yields a three-dimensional image of the objects throughout the sample volume. Resolution in DIHM depends on several controllable factors or parameters: (1) pinhole size controlling spatial coherence, (2) numerical aperture given by the size and positioning of the recording CCD chip, (3) pixel density and dynamic range controlling fringe resolution and noise level in the hologram and (4) wavelength. We present a detailed study of the individual and combined effects of these factors by doing an analytical analysis coupled with numerical simulations of holograms and their reconstruction. The result of this analysis is a set of criteria, also in the form of graphs, which can be used for the optimum design of the DIHM setup. We will also present a series of experimental results that test and confirm our theoretical analysis. The ultimate resolution to date is the imaging of the motion of submicron spheres and bacteria, a few microns apart, with speeds of hundreds of microns per second.
LiBRe: A Practical Bayesian Approach to Adversarial Detection (2021)

Despite their appealing flexibility, deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable against adversarial examples. Various adversarial defense strategies have been proposed to resolve this problem, but they typically demonstrate restricted practicability owing to unsurmountable compromise on universality, effectiveness, or efficiency. In this work, we propose a more practical approach, Lightweight Bayesian Refinement (LiBRe), in the spirit of leveraging Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) for adversarial detection. Empowered by the task and attack agnostic modeling under Bayes principle, LiBRe can endow a variety of pre-trained task-dependent DNNs with the ability of defending heterogeneous adversarial attacks at a low cost. We develop and integrate advanced learning techniques to make LiBRe appropriate for adversarial detection. Concretely, we build the few-layer deep ensemble variational and adopt the pre-training &amp; fine-tuning workflow to boost the effectiveness and efficiency of LiBRe. We further provide a novel insight to realise adversarial detection-oriented uncertainty quantification without inefficiently crafting adversarial examples during training. Extensive empirical studies covering a wide range of scenarios verify the practicability of LiBRe. We also conduct thorough ablation studies to evidence the superiority of our modeling and learning strategies.
One-pot synthesis of trifluoroacetimidoyl halides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-pot synthesis of trifluoroacetimidoyl halidesKenji Tamura, Hiromichi Mizukami, Kazuhiro Maeda, Hisayuki Watanabe, and Kenji UneyamaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1, 32–35Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00053a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4190Altmetric-Citations246LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (465 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Growing: A Canadian Population-Based Study of Hospitalizations from 1994 to 2004 (2008)

The present studies' findings confirm the growing burden of HCV on the Canadian health care system. Strategies to prevent HCV infection and maximize the dissemination and most effective use of potentially curative antiviral therapies are necessary to reduce these trends.
Optoelectronic "Tinker Toys":Supramolecular Nanocomposite Frameworks for Next Generation Photovoltaics. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Some Glycosidated 3‐Methylpyrazolin‐5‐(4H)‐one‐4‐benzylidenes. (1989)

Abstract The bromide (I) condensed with various hydroxybenzaldehydes to give products of type (III) (7 examples; yield: 24‐58%) which are transformed to the corresponding title compounds.
Preparation of truncated triangular silver nanoparticles by a simple and rapid method in aqueous solution (2007)

The paper brings details of a simple method for rapid synthesis of triangular silver nanoparticles and their characterization. The method presented proceeds with a simple reaction in aqueous solution at ambient temperature and nanotriangles are synthesized in a few minutes. The formation of triangular nanoparticles was investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of nanoparticles show that resulting triangles are truncated. The concentration of reactants and pH were found to have influence on the shape of resulting nanoparticles. These results indicate that hydrazine and citrate are necessary for formation of triangular nanoparticles.
RF power performance of an LDMOSFET on high-resistivity SOI (2004)

This paper describes the RF power performance of an LDMOSFET technology on high-resistivity silicon-on-insulator wafers. The technology has an on-state breakdown voltage of greater than 10 V, and an off-state breakdown voltage of greater than 20 V. This device technology is shown to have excellent RF power characteristics at frequencies from 1.9 to 5.8 GHz. At 1.9 GHz, a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 63% was achieved with an output power of up to 520 mW from a single RF power cell. At 5.8 GHz, a peak PAE of 35% was achieved with an output power of up to 125 mW from a single RF power cell.
Study of Thio-benzil Hydrogen Abstracting Photoinitiating System. (2000)

Benzil derivatives and aliphatic tertiary amine were synthesized through new route. The photo-sensitivities of binary photoinitiating systems composed of the benzil derivatives and tertiary amine were measured and compared with commerciallized photoinitiators in the resist screenings. Sulfo-benzil derivatives were more reactive than the other compounds. The new aliphatic tertiary amine synthesized was more reactive than NMDEA (N-methyl diethanol amine).
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nc-TiO2 by promoting photogenerated electrons captured by the adsorbed oxygen (2012)

Nanocrystalline TiO2 (nc-TiO2) was modified by a simple post treatment with monometallic sodium orthophosphate solution. It is shown that the surface modification with an appropriate amount of phosphate obviously enhances the surface photovoltage responses of nc-TiO2 in the presence of O2, clearly indicating that the separation of photogenerated charges is greatly improved by promoting the photoelectrons captured by the adsorbed O2. This is well responsible for its much high photocatalytic activity for degrading representative gas-phase acetaldehyde, liquid-phase phenol and rhodamine B of phosphate-modified nc-TiO2, compared with the unmodified nc-TiO2. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the amount of O2 adsorbed on the surfaces of nc-TiO2 is greatly increased after phosphate modification based on the O2 temperature programmed desorption curves, which is attributed to the substitution of -Ti-OH with -Ti-O-P-OH. It is suggested for the first time that the phosphate modification favors the O2 adsorbed on TiO2 so as to further promote the photogenerated electrons captured. This work would provide feasible routes to further improve the photocatalytic performance for degrading pollutants of oxide-based semiconductors.
Metal-Lipid Nanocomposites from Reconfigurable Bicellar Structures. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Biohydrogen Production in Microbial Electrolysis Cells Utilizing Organic Residue Feedstock: A Review (2022)

The need for renewable and sustainable fuel and energy storage sources is pressing. Biohydrogen has the potential to be a storable energy carrier, a direct fuel and a diverse building block for various downstream products. Utilizing microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to produce biohydrogen from residue streams, such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), agricultural residues and wastewater facilitate utilization and energy recovery from these streams, paving the path for a circular economy. The advantages of using hydrogen include high gravimetric energy density and, given the MEC pathway, the ability to capture heavy metals, ammonia and phosphates from waste streams, thereby allowing for multiple revenue streams emanating from MECs. A review of the MEC technology and its application was carried out to investigate the use of MEC in sustainable biohydrogen production. This review summarizes different MEC designs of varying scales, including anode materials, cathode materials, and configuration possibilities. This review highlights the accomplishments and challenges of small-scale to large-scale MECs. Suggestions for improving the successful upscaling of MECs are listed, thus emphasizing the areas for continued research.
SPECIFICITY OF FIBRONECTIN‐FIBRIN CROSS‐LINKING* (1983)

Our experiments indicate that (1) non-covalent binding of fibronectin to fibrin is mediated by sites in a 27 kd NH2-terminal region and a 31 kd COOH-terminal region of fibronectin; (2) the 31 kd region is probably present in both chains of the fibronectin dimer; and (3) covalent (factor XIIIa-mediated) cross-linking of fibronectin and fibrin is between a glutaminyl residue in the 27 kd region of fibronectin and a lysyl residue in the COOH-terminal two-thirds of the fibrin alpha chain.
Strain screening by mobile oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 (2010)

Recently, Freedman et al. [Phys. Rev. B 80, 064108 (2009)] calculated the elastic dipole tensor for several types of point defects in SrTiO3 and showed that it is nearly traceless for oxygen vacancies. Thus, mobile oxygen vacancies are predicted to screen elastic strain fields. Here, we report detailed diffuse x-ray scattering measurements of bulk SrTiO3 crystals prepared with controlled oxygen vacancy distributions. We verify the traceless nature of the elastic dipole tensor of an oxygen vacancy and demonstrate both correlations between oxygen vacancies and elastic strain screening by oxygen vacancies.
Growth Hormone Alters Circulating Levels of Glycine and Hydroxyproline in Mice (2023)

Growth hormone (GH) has established effects on protein metabolism, such as increasing protein synthesis and decreasing amino acid degradation, but its effects on circulating amino acid levels are less studied. To investigate this relationship, metabolomic analyses were used to measure amino acid concentrations in plasma and feces of mice with alterations to the GH axis, namely bovine GH transgenic (bGH; increased GH action) and GH receptor knockout (GHRKO; GH resistant) mice. To determine the effects of acute GH treatment, GH-injected GH knockout (GHKO) mice were used to measure serum glycine. Furthermore, liver gene expression of glycine metabolism genes was assessed in bGH, GHRKO, and GH-injected GHKO mice. bGH mice had significantly decreased plasma glycine and increased hydroxyproline in both sexes, while GHRKO mice had increased plasma glycine in both sexes and decreased hydroxyproline in males. Glycine synthesis gene expression was decreased in bGH mice (Shmt1 in females and Shmt2 in males) and increased in GHRKO mice (Shmt2 in males). Acute GH treatment of GHKO mice caused decreased liver Shmt1 and Shmt2 expression and decreased serum glycine. In conclusion, GH alters circulating glycine and hydroxyproline levels in opposing directions, with the glycine changes at least partially driven by decreased glycine synthesis.
Design and modeling of a wideband MEMS-based energy harvester with experimental verification (2008)

In this paper, we propose a solution for the narrow band operation which is one of the main issues in the operation of vibration-based energy harvesters, i.e. micro power generators (MPGpsilas). The solution is based on utilizing piecewise-linear oscillators along with decreasing the effective damping ratio of the resonator. The system is modeled and a macro electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvester was examined to verify analytical results. The feasibility of applying such technique on a MEMS-based electromagnetic MPG is discussed.
Rate-limiting steps in RNA chain initiation. (1980)

Promoter-specific lags in the approach to the steady-state rate of abortive initiation were observed when Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was added to initiate the reaction. The lag times were related to the time required for free enzyme and free promoter to combine and isomerize into a functionally active complex. The lag times measured for several bacteriophage and bacterial promoters differed widely (10 sec to several minutes) and in most cases corresponded to the rate-limiting step in the initiation process. The unique advantage in using the abortive initiation reaction to measure the lags was that the binding and isomerization steps in a simple two-state model could be quantitated separately. The separation of the contributions of both steps was effected by deriving an equation to describe the rate of formation of the active binary complex. Results from experiments based on the theory showed a linear relationship between the observed lag times and the reciprocal enzyme concentration. The slope and intercept of the equation yielded quantitative estimates of the binding and isomerization steps in initiation. The analysis was applied to the bacteriophage T7 A2 and D promoters to show the bases for the differences in in vitro initiation frequency that have been observed for these promoters.
Convex Performance Envelope for Minimum Lap Time Energy Management of Race Cars (2022)

The optimization of the energy management of modern hybrid-electric or fully electric race cars for minimum lap time requires a description of the vehicle dynamics performance envelope, that is, of the tires’ grip limit in corners, braking zones and during acceleration. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient performance envelope model in the form of convex constraints on the achievable longitudinal and lateral acceleration, on the assumption that the path on the track is given. The proposed acceleration limits are modeled velocity-dependent to take into account the effect of aerodynamic downforce present in many circuit race cars. The formulation as linear equality, inequality and second-order cone constraints allows to embed the model in a convex energy management optimization framework. To showcase the approach, we identify the model with data obtained from a state-of-the-art hybrid-electric Formula 1 car and present results for the Silverstone and Spa-Francorchamps circuits. The optimal energy management strategies can be evaluated with a computational time of less than 1 s. The optimal velocity profile subject to the performance envelope constraints is close to the measured one. The good agreement between the optimal solution and the measurement data shows that the proposed model captures the vehicle dynamics accurately enough for the purposes of energy management optimization.
Successful Anti-CLL1 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2020)

Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a high-risk AML evolving from heterogenous prior hematological disorders. Compared to de novo AML, sAML has even worse responses to current therapy and thus is associated with lower remission rates, inferior overall survival (OS) and higher relapse rates. Many efforts have been devoted to improving the overall but with limited success, and novel strategy is thus highly needed. Recent research has identified that CLL1 is highly expressed on AML leukemia stem cells and blasts cells but not on normal hematopoietic stem cells. In this case report, we treated a secondary AML patient with anti -CLL1 CAR-T therapy and achieved morphological, immunophenotypic and molecular complete remission for over 10 months. Although only one successful case is presented here, the anti-CLL1 CAR T-cells should be considered as another treatment option for secondary AML in the future.
Zinc Containing Small‐Pore Zeolites for Capture of Low Concentration Carbon Dioxide (2021)

Abstract The capture of low concentration CO 2 presents numerous challenges. Here, we report that zinc containing chabazite (CHA) zeolites can realize high capacity, fast adsorption kinetics, and low desorption energy when capturing ca. 400 ppm CO 2 . Control of the state and location of the zinc ions in the CHA cage is critical to the performance. Zn 2+ loaded onto paired anionic sites in the six‐membered rings (6MRs) in the CHA cage are the primary sites to adsorb ca. 0.51 mmol CO 2 /g‐zeolite with Si/Al=ca. 7, a 17‐fold increase compared to the parent H‐form. The capacity is increased further to ca. 0.67 mmol CO 2 /g‐zeolite with Si/Al=ca. 2 due to more paired sites for zinc exchange. Zeolites with double six‐membered rings (D6MRs) that orient 6MRs into the cages give enhanced uptakes for CO 2 adsorption with zinc exchange. The results reveal that zinc exchanged CHA and several other small pore, cage containing zeolites merit further investigation for the capture of low concentration CO 2 .
Appraising your progress as the unit general manager. Establishing oneself in the early stages of the job. (1987)

As part of the development programmes for unit general managers which we run at Ashridge we have conducted action research with the course members over a period of a year. The research technique was part of the UGMs' (and our own) learning about management in the NHS context. From excellent responses from over 50 UGMs those responses have been compounded into a self-appraisal form. This paper will explain the research method, list the categories of significant work the UGMs have described (in the early months of their work), give examples of the self-appraisal form, outline some results and invite you to try it out.
Preferential Oxidation of Triacylglyceride-Derived Fatty Acids in Heart Is Augmented by the Nuclear Receptor PPARα (2010)

The role of endogenous TAG in supporting beta-oxidation in the normal heart is much more dynamic than previously thought, and lipolysis provides the bulk of LCFA for oxidation. Accelerated palmitoyl turnover in TAG, attributable to chronic PPARalpha activation, results in near requisite oxidation of LCFAs from TAG.
Aspects of Medical Geography (1974)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Removal of B, Cr, Mo, and Se from Wastewater by Incorporation into Hydrocalumite and Ettringite (2003)

Boron, chromium, molybdenum, and selenium often occur in high concentrations in fly ash leachates. During the leaching of fly ash in alkaline environments, hydrocalumite (Ca4Al2(OH)12(OH)2 x 6H2O) and ettringite (Ca6Al2(OH)12(SO4)3 x 26H20) form as secondary precipitates. In this study, the removal of B, Cr, Mo, and Se oxyanions from high pH waters by incorporation into hydrocalumite and ettringite was examined. Experiments were performed by precipitating these minerals in solutions containing B, Cr, Mo, and Se oxyanions at conditions relevant to lime-leaching of fly ash as well as to fly ash containing concrete. The uptake of all four anions by hydrocalumite and ettringite was high. Anion uptake by hydrocalumite was larger than that by ettringite, and hydrocalumite was able to reduce anion concentrations to below drinking water standards. Ettringite showed an anion preference in the order of B(OH)4- > SeO4(2-) > CrO4(2-) > MoO4(2-). In contrast, borate was least preferred by hydrocalumite. Coordination, size, and electronegativity are likely the factors that result in the observed differences among the oxyanions.