gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental Expression of Spermatid-Specific Thioredoxin-1 Protein: Transient Association to the Longitudinal Columns of the Fibrous Sheath During Sperm Tail Formation1 (2002)

The mammalian sperm tail presents a complex organization in which a number of additional structures, namely outer dense fibers and fibrous sheath, surround the central axoneme and are thought to regulate flagellar motility. We have previously described a novel member of the thioredoxin family of proteins with a spermatid specific expression pattern, spermatid-specific thioredoxin-1 (Sptrx-1). We report here the developmental analysis of Sptrx-1 expression during murine spermiogenesis. Immunocytochemical analysis of Sptrx-1 through the different steps of spermiogenesis in rat seminiferous tubule sections showed that its expression begins at step 9, gets progressively stronger until steps 14-16 (where a peak is reached), and then diminishes in steps 17 and 18 until practically no immunolabeling is detected in step 19 spermatid. During its transient expression in spermiogenesis, Sptrx-1 is most concentrated in the periaxonemal compartment of the tail of the elongating spermatid, except in the very last steps (steps 17-19), when periaxonemal labeling disappears and a residual buildup of Sptrx-1 occurs in the shrinking cytoplasmic lobe. Electron microscopic analysis by immunogold labeling pinpointed the localization of Sptrx-1 to the assembling longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath, whereas the forming ribs of the fibrous sheath were unlabeled. Immunoblotting of isolated fibrous sheath and tails obtained from epididymal or ejaculated sperm of rat and human confirmed our immunocytochemical observation: Sptrx-1 is no longer a component of the mature fibrous sheath. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a protein that specifically associates to the fibrous sheath during development but does not become a permanent structural component. The expression pattern of Sptrx-1 during rat spermiogenesis suggests that it could be part of a nucleation center for the formation of the longitudinal columns and transverse ribs that bridge the latter.
272. Monosubstituted pyrimidines, and the action of thiourea on chloropyrimidines (1951)

M. P. V. Boarland and J. F. W. McOmie, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 1218 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510001218
Rapid, in situ detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens attachment to leaf tissue (2012)

Attachment of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens to host plant cells is an early and necessary step in plant transformation and agroinfiltration processes. However, bacterial attachment behavior is not well understood in complex plant tissues. Here we developed an imaging-based method to observe and quantify A. tumefaciens attached to leaf tissue in situ. Fluorescent labeling of bacteria with nucleic acid, protein, and vital dyes was investigated as a rapid alternative to generating recombinant strains expressing fluorescent proteins. Syto 16 green fluorescent nucleic acid stain was found to yield the greatest signal intensity in stained bacteria without affecting viability or infectivity. Stained bacteria retained the stain and were detectable over 72 h. To demonstrate in situ detection of attached bacteria, confocal fluorescent microscopy was used to image A. tumefaciens in sections of lettuce leaf tissue following vacuum-infiltration with labeled bacteria. Bacterial signals were associated with plant cell surfaces, suggesting detection of bacteria attached to plant cells. Bacterial attachment to specific leaf tissues was in agreement with known leaf tissue competencies for transformation with Agrobacterium. Levels of bacteria attached to leaf cells were quantified over time post-infiltration. Signals from stained bacteria were stable over the first 24 h following infiltration but decreased in intensity as bacteria multiplied in planta. Nucleic acid staining of A. tumefaciens followed by confocal microscopy of infected leaf tissue offers a rapid, in situ method for evaluating attachment of A. tumefaciens' to plant expression hosts and a tool to facilitate management of transient expression processes via agroinfiltration.
Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals, a Promising Strategy AgainstOral Lichen Planus: A Review on Clinical Trials (2022)

Herbal extracts and their formulations can be an effective alternative to the current therapy due to their proven therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, long-term applicability, prevention of recurrence as well as progression into cancer.
Method and Myth in L. P. Hartley’s The Go-Between (2012)

Critical readings of The Go-Between often relate its depiction of sexuality, class and gender to the symbolism with which the author is frequently identified. Such connections can be further illuminated by considering T.S. Eliot’s notion of the “mythical method”. Hartley’s narrator seems to make extensive use of a personalised version of the “method” advocated by the poet. Mapping his world onto the Zodiac, Leo’s use of the “mythical method” enables him – at least for a short while – to order and control his experience. Initially offering him the mastery he craves, this method eventually renders Leo more vulnerable to the dramas that unfold around him. Once the integrity of his mythic structure is threatened, Leo’s own disintegration is assured. Given his absolute faith in the Zodiac, Leo comes only belatedly to recognise a different mythic parallel at work in his life. This other doubling sees Leo’s fate twinned with that of Icarus. Eventually acknowledged by Leo himself, this figure demonstrates Hartley’s on going concern with both method and myth and therefore suggests that his narrative – like its central protagonist, can offer the reader a critical perspective on the workings of each. Key words: Mythical method; Mythic doubles; Icarus; Zodiac; Mercury; Mastery; Structure; Order; Hierarchy; The fall
The noninvasive localisation of brain abnormality in intractable focal epilepsy in childhood (1998)

The work described in this thesis evaluates the role of noninvasive magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine techniques in the investigation of focal epilepsy of childhood, and more specifically in the presurgical evaluation of children who are potential candidates for surgery. Seventy five children were prospectively investigated after referral for assessment and investigation of intractable focal epilepsy. Initial clinical localisation was made on the basis of full clinical assessment with EEG. All underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Abnormalities were found in 88% of children, concordant with the seizure focus in 80%. Further magnetic resonance techniques were assessed with regard to lateralisation of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). T2 relaxometry of the hippocampi and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the mesial temporal lobes were demonstrated to be lateralising in a high proportion of these children, and also showed a high rate of bilateral abnormality. In order to relate these structural abnormalities to the epileptogenic focus, the technique of ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using 99Tcm HMPAO as a marker of cerebral blood flow, was developed for this study. Focal hyperperfusion was seen in 72% of ictal scans when compared to interictal scans, concordant with the seizure focus in all. Where no perfusion change was noted after an ictal injection, slowing of the EEG was present at the time of injection consistent with ischaemia, suggesting rCBF does not increase in all focal seizures. Correlation of interictal SPECT scans with 1H MRS of the mesial temporal regions in children with TLE demonstrated correlation between neuronal loss or dysfunction and hypoperfusion. Where similar damage on the two sides was demonstrated by 1H MRS, no asymmetry of interictal perfusion was seen. These findings have led to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of intractable focal epilepsy of childhood and have resulted in an increase in the number of children evaluated for epilepsy surgery. The thesis concludes with a discussion of an optimised noninvasive strategy for presurgical evaluation in children.
Cancer-associated SCM-recognition, immunedefense suppression, and serine protease protection peptide. Part II. Immunedefense suppressive effects of the CRISPPs peptide. (1993)

The cancer SCM-recognition, immunedefense suppression, and serine protease protection (CRISPP) peptide, a product of a hereditary or acquired heritable alpha 1-PI gene DNA mutation in cancer cells, is a potent suppressor of the natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The "NK suppression epitope" encompasses amino acid residues 8 to 29 of the 29 amino acid sequence of the CRISPPs peptide. The NK suppression is peptide dose and incubation time dependent. The formation of conjugates between effector and target cells is not affected by the peptide, but the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) from lymphocytes is significantly decreased after treatment of lymphocytes with the CRISPPs peptide. The suppression of NK and LAK activity of lymphocytes by the CRISPPs peptide cannot be removed by washing, nor can it be reversed by subsequent treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). However, autologous cell-free blood plasma, especially plasma ultrafiltrates of molecular weights higher than 100 kDa, can restore up to 83% of the NK activity. Scavenging of the CRISPPs peptide with anti-CRISPPs antibodies prevents the suppression of NK cytotoxicity. The relevance of CRISPP peptides for adoptive immunotherapy is discussed.
Raman Spectroscopy of Diesel and Gasoline Engine-Out Soot Using Different Laser Power (2018)

We studied engine-out soot samples collected from a heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine and a port-fuel injection gasoline spark-ignition engine. The two types of soot samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy with different laser power. A Matlab program using least-square-method with trust-region-reflective algorithm was developed for curve fitting. We used a DOE (design of experiments) method to avoid local convergence. This method was used for two-band fitting and three-band fitting. The fitting results were used to determine the intensity ratio of D and G Raman bands. We find that high laser power may cause oxidation of soot samples, which gives higher D/G intensity ratio. Diesel soot has consistently higher amorphous/graphitic carbon ratio and thus higher oxidation reactivity, in comparison to gasoline soot, which is revealed by the higher D/G intensity ratio in Raman spectra measured under the same laser power.
Dissociative attachment of electrons to F2 (1978)

The rate of dissociative attachment of electrons to F2 in mixtures with N2 and Ar has been measured over the electron mean energy range 0.9–4 eV. The results show that the rate is about 7×10−9 cm3/s at a mean energy of 1 eV, and decreases with increasing electron mean energy as (mean energy)−3/2.
Mutation D30N Is Not Preferentially Selected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C in the Development of Resistance to Nelfinavir (2004)

Differences in baseline polymorphisms between subtypes may result in development of diverse mutational pathways during antiretroviral treatment. We compared drug resistance in patients with human immunodeficiency virus subtype C (referred to herein as "subtype-C-infected patients") versus subtype-B-infected patients following protease inhibitor (PI) therapy. Genotype, phenotype, and replication capacity (Phenosense; Virologic) were determined. We evaluated 159 subtype-C- and 65 subtype-B-infected patients failing first PI treatment. Following nelfinavir treatment, the unique nelfinavir mutation D30N was substantially less frequent in C (7%) than in B (23%; P = 0.03) while L90M was similar (P < 0.5). Significant differences were found in the rates of M36I (98 and 36%), L63P (35 and 59%), A71V (3 and 32%), V77I (0 and 36%), and I93L (91 and 32%) (0.0001 < P < 0.05) in C and B, respectively. Other mutations were L10I/V, K20R, M46I, V82A/I, I84V, N88D, and N88S. Subtype C samples with mutation D30N showed a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) change in susceptibility to nelfinavir only. Other mutations increased IC(50) correlates to all PIs. Following accumulation of mutations, replication capacity of the C virus was reduced from 43% +/- 22% to 22% +/- 15% (P = 0.04). We confirmed the selective nature of the D30N mutation in C, and the broader cross-resistance of other common protease inhibitor mutations. The rates at which these mutational pathways develop differ in C and subtype-B-infected patients failing therapy, possibly due to the differential impact of baseline polymorphisms. Because mutation D30N is not preferentially selected in nelfinavir-treated subtype-C-infected patients, as it is in those infected with subtype B, the consideration of using this drug initially to preserve future protease inhibitor options is less relevant for subtype-C-infected patients.
An Investigation on Co-Combustion Behaviors of Hydrothermally Treated Municipal Solid Waste With Coal Using a Drop Tube Reactor (2011)

This work aims at demonstrating the feasibility of replacing Indonesian coal (INC) with hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste (MSWH) in co-combustion with high ash Indian coal (IC). Combustion behaviors of MSWH, INC and their blends with IC were tested in a laboratory-scale drop tube reactor (DTR). The combustion efficiency and emissions such as CO, NO for a series of tests performed under a range of temperatures and air conditions were evaluated and the main results derived from this study can be concluded as the followings: the combustion efficiency of IC is increased by blending both MSWH and INC and CO emission is reduced in the meanwhile with the temperature rising. With regards to NO emission, the blending of MSWH leads to the increase of NO emission whereas the blending of INC results in either the increase or decrease of NO emission compared with IC only combustion depending on the temperature. The combustion behaviors of IC-MSWH blend are comparable to that of the IC-INC blend indicating it is possible for MSWH to become a good substitute for INC in the co-combustion with IC. The CO emission falls while the NO emission rises with the increase of the excess air in the case of IC-MSWH blend at 900 °C and the highest combustion efficiency is obtained at the excess air of 1.9. The existence of moisture in the co-combustion system of IC-MSWH blend can slightly improve the combustion efficiency, reduce CO emission and increase NO emission. The results of this work are expected to be a good instruction for the application of MSWH for co-combustion with coal.
Double-slit interference effect in electron emission fromH2+exposed to x-ray radiation (2012)

We consider the photoionization of the hydrogen molecular ion exposed to x-ray radiation for photon energies up to 500 eV in the fixed-nuclei approximation. The temporal development of the system is described by a fully ab initio time-dependent grid-based approach in prolate spheroidal coordinates. At sufficently high photon energies, the angular distributions of the electron ejected from the two-center diatomic target resemble the classical double-slit-like interference pattern more closely when the molecular axis and the linear laser polarization direction are perpendicular to each other than in the parallel geometry. Both the preferable emission modes and the confinement effect (in the parallel geometry) of the photoelectron also map out in the time evolution of the wave packets. The validity of a simple plane-wave model is analyzed by comparing its predictions with those from our accurate ab initio calculations.
Leukapheresis treatment in elderly acute leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis: A single center experience (2015)

Leukapheresis is an effective and safe treatment modality in elderly acute leukemia patients with hyperleukocytosis.
3-D model-based vehicle tracking (2005)

This paper aims at tracking vehicles from monocular intensity image sequences and presents an efficient and robust approach to three-dimensional (3-D) model-based vehicle tracking. Under the weak perspective assumption and the ground-plane constraint, the movements of model projection in the two-dimensional image plane can be decomposed into two motions: translation and rotation. They are the results of the corresponding movements of 3-D translation on the ground plane (GP) and rotation around the normal of the GP, which can be determined separately. A new metric based on point-to-line segment distance is proposed to evaluate the similarity between an image region and an instantiation of a 3-D vehicle model under a given pose. Based on this, we provide an efficient pose refinement method to refine the vehicle's pose parameters. An improved EKF is also proposed to track and to predict vehicle motion with a precise kinematics model. Experimental results with both indoor and outdoor data show that the algorithm obtains desirable performance even under severe occlusion and clutter.
Effects of angiotensin subtype 1 and subtype 2 receptor antagonists in normotensive versus hypertensive rats. (1991)

The purpose of this study was to examine in vivo the importance of angiotensin subtype 1 (AT1) versus subtype 2 (AT2) receptors in spontaneously hypertensive (hypertensive) versus normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (control) rats. Intravenous infusions of DuP 753, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, abolished the pressor responses to intravenous infusions of angiotensin II in both strains, and the potency of DuP 753 in this regard was similar in the two strains. DuP 753 also abolished angiotensin II-induced aldosterone release in both strains; however, with respect to inhibiting angiotensin II-induced aldosterone release, DuP 753 was more potent in hypertensive compared with control rats. In hypertensive but not control rats, DuP 753 inhibited angiotensin II-induced aldosterone release at doses lower than required to inhibit angiotensin II-induced pressor responses. Intramesenteric infusions of DuP 753 abolished mesenteric vascular responses to intramesenteric infusions of angiotensin II with a similar potency in both strains. In control but not hypertensive rats, angiotensin II consistently potentiated noradrenergic neurotransmission in the mesenteric vascular bed, and this effect of angiotensin II was abolished by DuP 753. High doses of PD123177, a selective AT2 antagonist, did not influence any of the aforementioned effects of angiotensin II in either strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[F4–01–02]: HETEROGENEITY IN NEUROIMAGING PATTERNS PRESENT THROUGHOUT THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF TYPICAL LATE‐ONSET AMNESTIC AD (2017)

Although heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been appreciated in atypical patient presentations, the role of disease heterogeneity in “typical” AD has been underexplored and remains unclear. (Experiment 1) Heterogeneity in atrophy patterns were explored using a data-driven Bayesian model on structural MRIs of AD dementia patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Resulting latent atrophy factors were extracted for Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN) participants. (Experiment 2) Longitudinal decline across multiple cognitive domains was explored in Aβ+ clinically normal individuals from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS). (Experiment 1) We identified a medial temporal latent atrophy factor, a subcortical atrophy factor, and a cortical atrophy factor that were expressed to varying degrees within individual ADNI AD patients. All three atrophy factors were associated with memory decline across the disease spectrum, whereas the cortical factor was associated with executive function decline in Aβ+ MCI and AD dementia patients. (Experiment 2) Aβ+ clinically normal individuals showed independent longitudinal decline in episodic memory and language. Decline in episodic memory was associated with reduced gray matter thickness in medial temporal lobe whereas decline in language was associated with reduced gray matter thickness in lateral temporal cortex. These results across ADNI and HABS highlight that disease heterogeneity is an important feature of typical AD, and that this heterogeneity emerges during the preclinical stage of the disease. Quantification of heterogeneity in patterns of atrophy and cognitive decline throughout the AD spectrum will improve our ability to predict disease risk at the individual-level and shed insight into mechanisms underlying disease heterogeneity.
Real Convergence and Perspective of Integration- The Analysis of the Croatian Intra-industry Trade (2014)

Classical theory finds impulse for international exchange in different relative prices of production, i.e relative abundance of different factors of production. Intra-industry trade concept means trade between similar products of different countries (economic integration). Applying classical concept in practice would mean that the trade between states at similar stage of development will decline through time. However, the fact is that developed countries (this especially applies to the EU) exchange more despite the fact that their relative costs of production, i.e. relative wealth of the factors of production are more similar. Statistically it is just possible to substantiate the fact that the most developed countries in the world exchange between more than half of total world trade (OECD, 2010). This fact has led to the development of alternative theories, opposite to classical theories of international trade. Thereby, it took into account entirely new assumptions. These assumptions reflect the actual conditions in which international trade takes place, such as economy of scale, product differentiation, monopolistic (oligopolistic) competition, multinational companies etc. Croatia is a small open economy that will join the EU on July 1st, 2013. Nominal Copenhagen criteria are fulfilled, but the real question is where Croatia stands when real convergence is concerned (if we take into account that intra-industry trade could be a significant indicator of real convergence of national economy), i.e. the extent which Croatia trade/exchange is inter-industry and intra- industry. The increase in the share of bilateral intra-industry trade would mean that Croatia managed to differentiate production, and that is able to compete in the EU market by selling similar products. In other words, it leads to a smooth adjustment hypothesis, according to which the adjustment costs of particular country or sector, when entering the economic integration will be low if there is a relatively high level of intra-industry trade. Aim of this paper is to analyze intra-industry trade of Croatia between year 2002 and 2012 and section of 10 European countries with biggest share of bilateral trade flows: eight from the EU (Italy, Germany, Slovenia, France, Great Britain, Austria, Hungary and Netherlands) and two countries from CEFTA 2006 (Bosnia & Herzegovina and Serbia).