gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glass Transition Behavior of Polystyrene Blocks in the Cores of Collapsed Dry Micelles Tethered by Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Coronae in a PS-b-PDMS Diblock Copolymer (2003)

The micellization of a polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) diblock copolymer with the number-average molecular weights (Mn) of 193 000 g/mol for PS block and 39 000 g/mol for PDMS block and the glass transition behavior of the PS blocks in the cores of collapsed dry micelles with PDMS tethered coronae were studied. A range of micelle morphologies was observed by varying the micellization conditions and varying the ratio of the methylene chloride (MC) solvent and the n-dodecane (D) selective nonsolvent. MC is a solvent for both of the blocks, but D is a selective solvent for only the PDMS block. After completely removing the solvents below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the initially solvated PS blocks in MC via extraction and vacuum-drying, the collapsed dry micelles, which were originally spheres and cylinders, became “tablets” or “ribbons”. The diameters of the “tablets” and widths of the “ribbons” were approximately 50 and 100 nm, respectively. The thicknesses of these textures ranged from 20 to 40 nm. The PS block cores of the dried micelles exhibited a Tg very close to that of the homo-PS bulk samples with the same Mn. However, for a broad temperature range below the TgPS, the collapsed dry micelles possessed heat capacity (Cp) values higher than the addition scheme calculated Cp based on PS and PDMS in their solid and liquid bulk states; whereas the Cp values of the liquid state above the TgPS fit well with the calculated data. These observations support the idea of PS interface layers with mobility induced by the liquid PDMS coronae such that only the inner cores of the PS blocks were in the glassy state. In a temperature region between 0 and 50 °C, the lower limit of the interface thickness (i.e., assuming that the mobile PS layers possessed the same mobility as the PS liquid) was estimated to be approximately 2 nm for the collapsed dry micelles. The interface thickness slightly increased with increasing temperature.
Phase-lock loop operated load-resonance inverter using static induction power transistors and its practical characteristic evaluations (2002)

This paper deals with the advanced feasible development technology of the voltage-fed type series load-resonant high-frequency high-power inverter circuit using static induction transistors (SITs) for industrial induction-heating and melting power supply system. The load-adaptive variable frequency tuned-controller using PLL-IC, the DC power regulator of phase controlled AC/DC thyristor converter, and inverter protective control schemes for overvoltage and/or overcurrent generation are demonstrated from a practical viewpoint. In particular, the practically shorted circuit test of this SIT inverter developed for an induction heated treatment plant is implemented in order to obtain the various basic design data relating to switching characteristics of large capacity SITs incorporated into the bridge arms of this inverter circuit, with design of the cost-effective protective circuits of SITs with their optimum snubber circuits for high-power SIT switching-legs.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY DURING PROLONGED EXPOSURE IN A CONSTANTLY ROTATING ENVIRONMENT AT A VELOCITY OF ONE REVOLUTION PER MINUTE (1961)

Abstract : Eight subjects were systematically observed on certain tasks aboard the Pensacola Slow Rotation Room at a velocity of one RPM. Pilot experiments indicated the great majority of unselected subjects would be symptom free at this speed. Consequently, four subjects were selected whose susceptibility to canal sickness and motion sickness was far above average. The findings warranted the conclusion that under the conditions of this experiment, exposure to a constantly rotating environment on one RPM does not handicap the performance of persons with far greater than average susceptibility to canal sickness.
Unified querying of ontology languages with the SIRUP ontology query API (2005)

Ontology languages to represent ontologies exist in large numbers, and users who want to access or reuse ontologies can often be confronted with a language they do not know. Therefore, due to their great number, ontology languages are nowadays themselves a source of heterogeneity. In this paper, we present the SIRUP Ontology Query API (SOQA) that was developed for the SIRUP approach to semantic data integration [ZD04b]. SOQA is an ontology languageand platform-independent API for query access to ontological metadata and data that can be represented in a variety of ontology languages. Based on SOQA, we provide SOQA-QL, an SQL-like query language that supports declarative queries against ontological metadata and data, and the SOQA Browser, a tool to graphically inspect all ontology information that can be accessed through SOQA.
The preparation and characterisation by Raman spectroscopy of AsBr4+AsF6–containing the tetrabromoarsenic(V) cation (1988)

T. Klapötke, J. Passmore and E. G. Awere, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 1426 DOI: 10.1039/C39880001426
Effect of Architecture on the Tensile Properties of Triblock Copolymers in a Lamellar Phase (2006)

We have used self-consistent field theory to calculate the tensile moduli of triblock copolymers in lamellar microstructures prepared from linear and star architectures. The extensional moduli K(33) are the main contributors to the tensile moduli, and the contribution of K(U)33 (the internal energy contribution to K(33)) is the main component of the value of K(33). We find that the tensile moduli of ABC three-miktoarm star terpolymers are smaller than those of ABC linear triblock copolymers having identical components, presumably for two main reasons. First, for the ABC three-miktoarm star terpolymers, the contributions of K(U)33 are larger than those of the linear triblock copolymers; we attribute this phenomenon to the star terpolymers having smaller lamellar domain sizes at equilibrium relative to those of the linear triblock copolymers. Second, conformational entropies play an important role in affecting the tensile moduli, mainly because of the different degrees of freedom of the various chains. In contrast, the shear moduli contribute negligibly to the tensile moduli.
Hard Disks on the Hyperbolic Plane (2007)

We examine a simple hard disk fluid with no long range interactions on the two-dimensional space of constant negative Gaussian curvature, the hyperbolic plane. This geometry provides a natural mechanism by which global crystalline order is frustrated, allowing us to construct a tractable model of disordered monodisperse hard disks. We extend free-area theory and the virial expansion to this regime, deriving the equation of state for the system, and compare its predictions with simulation near an isostatic packing in the curved space.
Tumor selective G 2 /M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of epithelial and hematological malignancies by BBL22, a benzazepine (2000)

Two distinct benzodiazepine binding sites have been identified, (i) a central site restricted to brain and (ii) a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial binding site, the so-called peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). In this paper, we show that a benzazepine referred to as BBL22 (2-amino 9-chloro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimidol[5,4-d][2]benzazepine), which is classified as a PBR ligand based on structure, induces arrest in G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle in human tumor cell lines of both epithelial and hematopoietic cellular origin. After G(2)/M arrest, several tumor types, notably prostate and certain breast cancer lines exhibited significant apoptosis. Ideally, cancer therapies should selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal cell counterparts. BBL22 exhibited such selectivity, as it did not affect the growth and survival of nonmalignant breast and prostate epithelial lines. Moreover, BBL22 demonstrated structural requirements for this selective antitumor activity as 11 structurally related PBR ligands, including high-affinity ligands Ro5-4864 and PK11195, failed to induce tumor cell growth arrest or apoptosis. The in vivo antitumor activity of BBL22 was examined in a human xenograft model of androgen-independent prostate cancer where BBL22 significantly reduced the growth of PC3 prostate tumors without eliciting overt toxicity. Identification of BBL22 represents a tumor selective therapeutic strategy for a variety of human tumors.
Near-field far-field transformation exploiting the benefits of plane wave expansion and diagonal translation operators (2007)

Nowadays, near-field antenna measurements combined with a near-field far-field transformation are a common antenna measurement approach. Among the well known methods employing spherical multipole-expansions, various other techniques are available. In this paper, a new near- field far-field transformation algorithm based on plane wave expansion is presented. In contrast to existing algorithms, the new approach exploits the benefits of diagonalised translation operators. Compared to other plane wave techniques, like holographic projections which are suitable for highly directive antennas, the new approach is applicable for almost arbitrary radiating structures. The major advantage of the presented method is a low computational effort with respect to the coupling matrix elements owing to the use of diagonalised translation operators.
Optical Activity of Oxo Amide Crystals (1997)

It has been known that oxo amide crystals made up of achiral molecules can be photochemically converted into optically active β-lactams by irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp. Although the oxo amide crystal belongs to an enantiomorphic class D2, its optical activity could not be detected so far. We successfully measured the components of the gyration tensor of the oxo amide crystal by using the HAUP (high accuracy universal polarimeter) method: g11 = −3.5 × 10-4 (−79°/mm), g22 = −1.4 × 10-4 (−32°/mm), g33 = −3.0 × 10-4 (−68°/mm) at 305 K, where the optical rotatory powers are indicated in parentheses. It has been proved by direct experiments that the optical activity of the reactant and the product in this reaction system remains unchanged over the photocyclization process.
Know Before You Go: Data-Driven Beach Water Quality Forecasting (2022)

Forecasting environmental hazards is critical in preventing or building resilience to their impacts on human communities and ecosystems. Environmental data science is an emerging field that can be harnessed for forecasting, yet more work is needed to develop methodologies that can leverage increasingly large and complex data sets for decision support. Here, we design a data-driven framework that can, for the first time, forecast bacterial standard exceedances at marine beaches with 3 days lead time. Using historical data sets collected at two California sites, we train nearly 400 forecast models using statistical and machine learning techniques and test forecasts against predictions from both a naive "persistence" model and a baseline nowcast model. Overall, forecast models are found to have similar sensitivities and specificities to the persistence model, but significantly higher areas under the ROC curve (a metric distinguishing a model's ability to effectively parse classes across decision thresholds), suggesting that forecasts can provide enhanced information beyond past observations alone. Forecast model performance at all lead times was similar to that of nowcast models. Together, results suggest that integrating the forecasting framework developed in this study into beach management programs can enable better public notification and aid in proactive pollution and health risk management.
Regional Homogeneity of Resting-State Brain Activity Suppresses the Effect of Dopamine-Related Genes on Sensory Processing Sensitivity (2015)

Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is an intrinsic personality trait whose genetic and neural bases have recently been studied. The current study used a neural mediation model to explore whether resting-state brain functions mediated the effects of dopamine-related genes on SPS. 298 healthy Chinese college students (96 males, mean age = 20.42 years, SD = 0.89) were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging during resting state, genotyped for 98 loci within the dopamine system, and administered the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. We extracted a "gene score" that summarized the genetic variations representing the 10 loci that were significantly linked to SPS, and then used path analysis to search for brain regions whose resting-state data would help explain the gene-behavior association. Mediation analysis revealed that temporal homogeneity of regional spontaneous activity (ReHo) in the precuneus actually suppressed the effect of dopamine-related genes on SPS. The path model explained 16% of the variance of SPS. This study represents the first attempt at using a multi-gene voxel-based neural mediation model to explore the complex relations among genes, brain, and personality.
Emergent and Unusual Allergens in Cosmetics (2010)

Allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics is a common problem that is occasionally caused by new or rare allergens. When a patient has a positive patch test to a cosmetic product but to none of the common or commercially available allergens, it is important to further patch-test this patient to the ingredients of the product. Thorough testing with the breakdown of ingredients, usually obtained through cooperation with the manufacturer, often allows identification of the culprit allergen in the cosmetic product. In this article, we discuss emerging or rare allergens discovered by this method, including nail lacquer and lipstick allergens, copolymers, shellac, alkyl glucosides, glycols, protein derivatives, idebenone, and octocrylene.
Fabrication and characterization of a capacitive micromachined shunt switch (2004)

The design and fabrication of a capacitive shunt switch are described. The switch is based on a bridge structure that can be modulated using electrostatic actuation. The switch has two states: when the bridge is up the signal passes through with less than 0.1 dB insertion loss. When the bridge is down the signal is attenuated by 15–20 dB at 20 GHz. The residual stress of the bridge material is critical to operation of these switches. This stress was tightly controlled by varying the temperature of the plating bath. Different bridge widths and shapes are compared. “Bowtie” shaped bridges are demonstrated to have increased insertion loss and similar isolation compared to straight bridges. These devices were observed to be sensitive to packaging stress, resulting in more than doubling the actuation voltage. This work also describes the development of a test fixture that facilitates standard microwave connections for testing the devices without a probe station. The test fixture was observed to have an insertion loss of less than 3 dB up to 20 GHz.
Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Intricate Structures to Functional Materials (2016)

Chemical methods developed over the past two decades enable preparation of colloidal nanocrystals with uniform size and shape. These Brownian objects readily order into superlattices. Recently, the range of accessible inorganic cores and tunable surface chemistries dramatically increased, expanding the set of nanocrystal arrangements experimentally attainable. In this review, we discuss efforts to create next-generation materials via bottom-up organization of nanocrystals with preprogrammed functionality and self-assembly instructions. This process is often driven by both interparticle interactions and the influence of the assembly environment. The introduction provides the reader with a practical overview of nanocrystal synthesis, self-assembly, and superlattice characterization. We then summarize the theory of nanocrystal interactions and examine fundamental principles governing nanocrystal self-assembly from hard and soft particle perspectives borrowed from the comparatively established fields of micrometer colloids and block copolymer assembly. We outline the extensive catalog of superlattices prepared to date using hydrocarbon-capped nanocrystals with spherical, polyhedral, rod, plate, and branched inorganic core shapes, as well as those obtained by mixing combinations thereof. We also provide an overview of structural defects in nanocrystal superlattices. We then explore the unique possibilities offered by leveraging nontraditional surface chemistries and assembly environments to control superlattice structure and produce nonbulk assemblies. We end with a discussion of the unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of ordered nanocrystal superlattices, and the coming advances required to make use of this new class of solids.
Acute and Perioperative Care of the Burn-injured Patient (2014)

Care of burn-injured patients requires knowledge of the pathophysiologic changes affecting virtually all organs from the onset of injury until wounds are healed. Massive airway and/or lung edema can occur rapidly and unpredictably after burn and/or inhalation injury. Hemodynamics in the early phase of severe burn injury is characterized by a reduction in cardiac output and increased systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. Approximately 2 to 5 days after major burn injury, a hyperdynamic and hypermetabolic state develops. Electrical burns result in morbidity much higher than expected based on burn size alone. Formulae for fluid resuscitation should serve only as guideline; fluids should be titrated to physiologic endpoints. Burn injury is associated basal and procedural pain requiring higher than normal opioid and sedative doses. Operating room concerns for the burn-injured patient include airway abnormalities, impaired lung function, vascular access, deceptively large and rapid blood loss, hypothermia, and altered pharmacology.
Exploring the dynamics of search advertiser fraud (2017)

Most search engines generate significant revenue through search advertising, wherein advertisements are served alongside traditional search results. These advertisements are attractive to advertisers because ads can be targeted and prominently presented to users at the exact moment that the user is searching for relevant topics.
Secretory Component in Immunoglobulin Deficiency: an Immunoelectron Microscopic Study of Intestinal Epithelium (1980)

The ultrastructural sites of secretory component (SC) in the intestinal epithelium of severely immunoglobulin-deficient and immunologically intact persons were compared. SC was found in the same sites in the immunoglobulin-deficient and normal epithelium: perinuclear spaces, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, external surfaces and endocytic invaginations of the basolateral plasmalemma, and in membranous vesicles throughout the cytoplasm. These observations suggest that the synthesis, external expression and transcellular migration of SC occur independent of the presence of immunoglobulins. The migration of SC from the basolateral cell surfaces to apical surfaces may be an inherent property of epithelial cells and the primary event in the translocation of polymeric immunoglobulins across the cells to external body fluids.
Radiographic Applications of Signal Detection Theory (1972)

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves describe observer performance in the detection of small noiselimited signals such as the image of a 2 mm Lucite bead against a background of radiographic mottle. A combination of a fast-speed screen and normal-speed :film yields greater signal detectability than a combination of a medium-speed screen and fast-speed film.
Erratum to: HIV-1 Vpu and HIV-2 Env counteract BST-2/tetherin by sequestration in a perinuclear compartment (2011)

AbstractCorrection A confocal image in Figure 3B of Hauser et al. 2010, Retrovirology 2010, 7:51 ), showing TGN staining of Vphu-HcRed expressing cells (middle row), was incorrect. This image has now been replaced with the correct image.
Intravenous Agents Implicated in Pseudo‐allergy Decrease the Binding Capacity of Serum Proteins for Histamine and Prostaglandin F2α (1996)

Intravenous agents are particularly noted for high adverse reaction rates that are not entirely explained by drug reaction with specific antibody, complement, or a direct effect on histamine-containing cells. Some previous studies have drawn attention to the protein-binding character of intolerance-inducing agents although its significance is not clear. The equilibrium dialysis technique was used, with radio-labelled histamine and prostaglandin F2α, to investigate vasoactive mediator binding and displacement from serum proteins by radiocontrast media and drugs for intravenous use.



Protein-bound histamine was displaced by intravenous preparations of metoclopramide, aminophylline, cimetidine, procainamide and amitriptyline. Desferrioxamine, ketamine, propofol, propranolol, thiopentone, diazepam, lignocaine and protamine sulphate were less potent histamine-releasing agents. Prostaglandin F2α was displaced from serum proteins by cholegraphic radiocontrast media, aminophylline, penicillin, frusemide, sulphonamides, barbiturates, phenytoin, diazepam, and hydrocortisone.



Thus, some radiographic contrast media and intravenous drug preparations impair the binding of vasoactive mediators to serum proteins. This displacement mechanism may contribute to the severity of pseudo-allergic reactions initiated by intravenous protein-binding agents.
Capacity and QoS analysis for a novel packet based wireless access system (2003)

A recently proposed novel approach to asynchronous wireless random packet networking [P. Kota et al., March 2003] promises great enhancements in system performance. In this paper, mathematical and simulation results are presented which confirm the predictions made in [P. Kota et al., March 2003]. It is shown that the penalty in choosing random spreading sequences over orthogonal ones in terms of channel capacity vanishes quickly as the processing gain increases. The superiority of the proposed packet format over spread ALOHA is demonstrated by showing that the new access method is no longer collision limited and packets can overlap without being destroyed using joint detection at the base station receiver. As a result, assuming sufficient multiuser detector resources, outages are shown to be primarily caused by overloading the channel. The problem of exploiting the joint channel capacity can be addressed by the nodes, without complicated interaction with the base station. First results obtained by using a simple positive ACK scheme and low complexity rate finding algorithms in each of the nodes are presented which achieve up to 70% of the channel's theoretical capacity limit.