gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early phase pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (adriamycin) in plasma of cancer patients during single- or multiple-drug therapy. (1981)

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin [AM]) was measured in plasma in the early distributive phase in 26 patients with different solid tumors. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated during first and/or subsequent courses of AM injected iv at doses from 40 to 60 mg/m2 either alone or with other antineoplastic agents. A fluorimetric technique was employed to determine AM equivalents; the reduced metabolite Adriamycinol was quantitated by scanning fluorescence after separation in thin-layer chromatography. The following conclusions are drawn from the findings. (a) After repeated AM treatments the individual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug did not appear to be affected by the length of treatment. (b) When the same patient was given different AM doses over a certain period some degree of dose dependence was seen only in the area under the curve and extrapolated plasma drug concentration at Time 0. (c) A narrow range of AM doses gave pharmacokinetic values differing from one patient to another. (d) After repeated AM treatments, Adriamycinol levels became lower, suggesting either a reduced metabolism of the parent compound or increased excretion of the reduced metabolite.
Pilomatrixoma Imitating Infantile Hemangioma (2011)

Many lesions can masquerade as infantile hemangioma, the most common tumor of infancy. We describe an infant with pilomatrixoma mimicking hemangioma. The patient presented at 8 months of age with an 1.2-cm, red, asymptomatic lesion of the right ear. The mass was noted at 4 months of age and subsequently enlarged. Ultrasonography demonstrated hypervascularity "consistent with infantile hemangioma," and the infant was observed. At 12 months of age, the lesion continued to expand and became ulcerated; it was excised, and histopathology showed pilomatrixoma. Diagnostic confusion was caused by atypical features of this pilomatrixoma that overlapped with infantile hemangioma: onset in infancy, ulceration, red color, and fast flow on imaging. Deviation from the predictable clinical features of an infantile hemangioma should prompt consideration for other types of pediatric lesions, including pilomatrixoma.
Secondary aerosol formation from a Chinese gasoline vehicle: Impacts of fuel (E10, gasoline) and driving conditions (idling, cruising) (2021)

Chassis dynamometer experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of vehicle speed and usage of ethanol-blended gasoline (E10) on formation and evolution of gasoline vehicular secondary organic aerosol (SOA) using a Gothenburg Potential Aerosol Mass (Go: PAM) reactor. The SOA forms rapidly, and its concentration exceeds that of primary organic aerosol (POA) at an equivalent photochemical age (EPA) of ~1 day. The particle effective densities grow from 0.62 ± 0.02 g cm<sup>-3</sup> to 1.43 ± 0.07 g cm<sup>-3</sup> with increased hydroxyl radical (OH) exposure. The maximum SOA production under idling conditions (4259-7394 mg kg-fuel<sup>-1</sup>) is ~20 times greater than under cruising conditions. There was no statistical difference between SOA formation from pure gasoline and its formation from E10. The slopes in Van Krevelen diagram indicate that the formation pathways of bulk SOA includes the addition of both alcohol/peroxide functional groups and carboxylic acid formation from fragmentation. A closure estimation of SOA based on bottom-up and top-down methods shows that only 16%-38% of the measured SOA can be explained by the oxidation of measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs), suggesting the existence of missing precursors, e.g. unmeasured VOCs and probably semivolatile or intermediate volatile organic compounds (S/IVOCs). Our results suggest that applying parameters obtained from unified driving cycles to model SOA concentrations may lead to large discrepancies between modeled and ambient vehicular SOA. No reduction in vehicular `SOA production is realized by replacing normal gasoline with E10.
Colorimetric Measurement of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (1957)

Journal Article Colorimetric Measurement of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase Get access Felix Wróblewski, M.D., Felix Wróblewski, M.D. Sloan-Keltering Institute of Memorial Center, New York, and the Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn, New York Dr. Wróblewski is Assistant Attending Physician, Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and Assistant at the Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York. Dr. Cabaud is Associate Pathologist at Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Philip Cabaud, M.D. Philip Cabaud, M.D. Sloan-Keltering Institute of Memorial Center, New York, and the Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 27, Issue 2_ts, February 1957, Pages 235–239, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/27.2_ts.235 Published: 01 February 1957 Article history Received: 25 June 1956 Accepted: 18 September 1956 Published: 01 February 1957
Optical gain in InGaN∕GaN quantum well structures with embedded AlGaN δ layer (2007)

Optical gain characteristics of InGaN∕GaN double quantum well (QW) structures with embedded AlGaN δ layer are investigated using the multiband effective mass theory. These results are compared with those of single QW structure without a δ layer. The theoretical energies show very good agreement with the experimental results for both single and double QW structures. The inclusion effect of a δ layer is found to be dominant at a relatively low carrier density. A double QW structure has larger optical gain than the single QW structure, in particular, at higher carrier density.
Adaptive structures and material systems 1999 : presented at the 1999 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 14-19, 1999, Nashville, Tennessee (1999)

This volume contains some 50 papers from the 1999 meeting addressing a wide range of topics within the overall theme of engineering innovations for increased productivity. Contributions are divided into sections addressing modelling and analysis of active materials, health monitoring with active materials and more.
Dual enhancement of electroluminescence efficiency and operational stability by rapid upconversion of triplet excitons in OLEDs (2015)

Recently, triplet harvesting via a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) process has been established as a realistic route for obtaining ultimate internal electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the possibility that the rather long transient lifetime of the triplet excited states would reduce operational stability due to an increased chance for unwarranted chemical reactions has been a concern. Herein, we demonstrate dual enhancement of EL efficiency and operational stability in OLEDs by employing a TADF molecule as an assistant dopant and a fluorescent molecule as an end emitter. The proper combination of assistant dopant and emitter molecules realized a "one-way" rapid Förster energy transfer of singlet excitons from TADF molecules to fluorescent emitters, reducing the number of cycles of intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC in the TADF molecules and resulting in a significant enhancement of operational stability compared to OLEDs with a TADF molecule as the end emitter. In addition, we found that the presence of this rapid energy transfer significantly suppresses singlet-triplet annihilation. Using this finely-tuned rapid triplet-exciton upconversion scheme, OLED performance and lifetime was greatly improved.
Strain-Dependent Photoluminescence Behavior of CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals with Spherical, Linear, and Branched Topologies (2009)

The photoluminescence of CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots, nanorods, and tetrapods is investigated as a function of applied hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pressure. The optoelectronic properties of all three nanocrystal morphologies are affected by strain. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the unique morphology of seeded tetrapods is highly sensitive to non-isotropic stress environments. Seeded tetrapods can thereby serve as an optical strain gauge, capable of measuring forces on the order of nanonewtons. We anticipate that a nanocrystal strain gauge with optical readout will be useful for applications including sensitive optomechanical devices and biological force investigations.
Using CSP look-back techniques to solve real-world SAT instances (1997)

We report on the performance of an enhanced version of the “Davis-Putnam ” (DP) proof procedure for propositional satisfiability (SAT) on large instances derived from real-world problems in planning, scheduling, and circuit diagnosis and synthesis. Our results show that incorporating CSP look-back techniques-- especially the relatively new technique of relevance-bounded learning-- renders easy many problems which otherwise are beyond DP’s reach. Frequently they make DP, a systematic algorithm, perform as well or better than stochastic SAT algorithms such as GSAT or WSAT. We recommend that such techniques be included as options in implementations of DP, just as they are in systematic algorithms for the more general constraint satisfaction problem.
18:3: Late‐News Paper : Polarization Independent Liquid Crystal Microdisplays (2008)

Abstract We demonstrate a polarization‐independent, diffractive, liquid crystal microdisplay on a reflective 256×256 pixel silicon backplane using nematic liquid crystal polarization gratings. Striking results are observed in a single‐panel projector with remarkably simple optics, where the technology supports up to ∼75% throughput (reflectance) of unpolarized light, contrast ratios approaching 1000:1, and &lt; 800 μs total switching time.
Structural basis for genome wide recognition of 5-bp GC motifs by SMAD transcription factors (2017)

Smad transcription factors activated by TGF-β or by BMP receptors form trimeric complexes with Smad4 to target specific genes for cell fate regulation. The CAGAC motif has been considered as the main binding element for Smad2/3/4, whereas Smad1/5/8 have been thought to preferentially bind GC-rich elements. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in embryonic stem cells showed extensive binding of Smad2/3/4 to GC-rich cis-regulatory elements. Here, we present the structural basis for specific binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to GC-rich motifs in the goosecoid promoter, a nodal-regulated differentiation gene. The structures revealed a 5-bp consensus sequence GGC(GC)|(CG) as the binding site for both TGF-β and BMP-activated Smads and for Smad4. These 5GC motifs are highly represented as clusters in Smad-bound regions genome-wide. Our results provide a basis for understanding the functional adaptability of Smads in different cellular contexts, and their dependence on lineage-determining transcription factors to target specific genes in TGF-β and BMP pathways.
Cytokine Regulation of CD44 Expression on rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2000)

AbstractCD44 comprises a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins that is expressed on a wide range of cells including those of epithelial, lymphoid and myeloid lineage. Although expression of CD44 in the small intestine is typically localised in the crypts of Lieberkühn, we have reported the expression of CD44 on mature, intestinal villus epithelial cells during the development of small bowel allograft rejection. The mechanisms underlying CD44 up-regulation are unknown, although it may be influenced by localised cytokine production. This study used flow cytometry to assess the effects of recombinant IFN-γ and TNF-α on CD44 expression and hyaluronan binding by the rat small intestinal epithelial cell lines, RIE and IEC 6. IFN-γ upregulated CD44 expression on RIE (155% of unstimulated control) and IEC 6 (209% of unstimulated control) cells, whereas TNF-α had no effect. IFN-γ had no qualitative effect on CD44, as binding of the ubiquitously expressed extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan was unchanged. RIE and IEC 6 cells expressed the 82 kDa and 130 kDa major isoforms of CD44, however cytokine stimulation did not affect the expression of these, nor did stimulation induce the expression of other variants. In summary, these findings demonstrate that CD44 expression by intestinal epithelial cells can be regulated by cytokines, yet their ability to bind hyaluronan and the isoform of the expressed CD44 remains unaltered. It appears that localised inflammatory conditions and cytokine production may modify epithelial cell expression of CD44, however the physiological role for such a response has yet to be elucidated.
Plasmodium yoelii Erythrocyte-Binding-like Protein Modulates Host Cell Membrane Structure, Immunity, and Disease Severity (2020)

Erythrocyte-binding-like (EBL) proteins are known to play an important role in malaria parasite invasion of red blood cells (RBCs); however, any roles of EBL proteins in regulating host immune responses remain unknown. Here, we show that <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> EBL (PyEBL) can shape disease severity by modulating the surface structure of infected RBCs (iRBCs) and host immune responses. We identified an amino acid substitution (a change of C to Y at position 741 [C741Y]) in the protein trafficking domain of PyEBL between isogenic <i>P. yoellii</i><i>nigeriensis</i> strain N67 and N67C parasites that produce different disease phenotypes in C57BL/6 mice. Exchanges of the C741Y alleles altered parasite growth and host survival accordingly. The C741Y substitution also changed protein processing and trafficking in merozoites and in the cytoplasm of iRBCs, reduced PyEBL binding to band 3, increased phosphatidylserine (PS) surface exposure, and elevated the osmotic fragility of iRBCs, but it did not affect invasion of RBCs <i>in vitro</i> The modified iRBC surface triggered PS-CD36-mediated phagocytosis of iRBCs, host type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, and T cell differentiation, leading to improved host survival. This study reveals a previously unknown role of PyEBL in regulating host-pathogen interaction and innate immune responses, which may be explored for developing disease control strategies.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Malaria is a deadly parasitic disease that continues to afflict hundreds of millions of people every year. Infections with malaria parasites can be asymptomatic, with mild symptoms, or fatal, depending on a delicate balance of host immune responses. Malaria parasites enter host red blood cells (RBCs) through interactions between parasite ligands and host receptors, such as erythrocyte-binding-like (EBL) proteins and host Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> EBL (PyEBL) is known to play a role in parasite invasion of RBCs. Here, we show that PyEBL also affects disease severity through modulation of host immune responses, particularly type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. This discovery assigns a new function to PyEBL and provides a mechanism for developing disease control strategies.
Synthesis of 6-[2-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-5-one and their Structure-Antibacterial Activity (1968)

Reaction of ethyl 2-oxo-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-3-butenate (I) with 1-methyl-1-amino-guanidine in the presence of an acid afforded the cyclization product, 3-amino-2-methyl-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-5(2H)-one (IIIa). The same reaction was carried out on 2-methyl(thio)semicarbazide to give 2-methyl-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-3, 5(2H, 4H)-dione (VI) and 2-methyl-3-thio-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-3, 5(2H, 4H)-dione (XIa). On the other hand, (thio)semicarbazide yielded only (thio)semicarbazone (V, IX) of I. Alkylation of 3-amino-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-5(4H)-one (II), V, VI, IX, and XIa yielded III, 2, 4-dimethyl-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-3, 5(2H, 4H)-dione (VIII), 3-methylthio-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-5(4H)-one (XII), and 2-methyl-3-methylthio-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-5(2H)-one (XIII). Antibacterial activity of IIIa, VI, and XIII is better than that of the starting material (II), 6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1, 2, 4-triazine-3, 5(2H, 4H)-dione (VIIa), or XIIa.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of 3‐Benzyloxycarbonylaminoazino[1,2‐x]azin‐4‐ones. A Facile Access to 3‐Amino‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyridin‐4‐ones and 3‐Amino‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐4H‐azino[1,2‐x]pyrimidin‐4‐ones. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhancement of Hydrogen Gas Sensing of Nanocrystalline Nickel Oxide by Pulsed-Laser Irradiation (2012)

This paper reports the effect of post-laser irradiation on the gas-sensing behavior of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films. Nanocrystalline NiO semiconductor thin films were fabricated by a sol-gel method on a nonalkaline glass substrate. The NiO samples were irradiated with a pulsed 532-nm wavelength, using a Nd:YVO(4) laser beam. The effect of laser irradiation on the microstructure, electrical conductivity, and gas-sensing properties was investigated as a function of laser power levels. It was found that the crystallinity and surface morphology were modified by the pulsed-laser irradiation. Hydrogen gas sensors were fabricated using both as-deposited and laser-irradiated NiO films. It was observed that the performance of gas-sensing characteristics could be changed by the change of laser power levels. By optimizing the magnitude of the laser power, the gas-sensing property of NiO thin film was improved, compared to that of as-deposited NiO films. At the optimal laser irradiation conditions, a high response of NiO sensors to hydrogen molecule exposure of as little as 2.5% of the lower explosion threshold of hydrogen gas (40,000 ppm) was observed at 175 °C.
Characterization of a shoot‐specific, GA3‐ and ABA‐Regulated gene from tomato (1992)

A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) gene (GAST1) that encodes an RNA whose abundance increases > 20-fold in shoots of the GA-deficient gib1 mutant following spraying with GA3 has been characterized. An increase in GAST1 RNA levels is detectable 2 h after treatment and levels continue to increase for at least an additional 10 h. Between 12 and 24 h following treatment, the amount of GAST1 RNA begins to decline and at 48 h the level is nearly equivalent to that of water-treated control plants. Nuclear runoff analysis indicates that 8 h after treatment with GA3, transcription of the GAST1 gene has increased only threefold, suggesting that GA acts both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. ABA partially inhibits the GA-mediated increase in GAST1 RNA abundance while ethephon, kinetin, and 2,4-D have little effect. GAST1 RNA is detectable in untreated leaves, stems, petioles and flowers, but not in roots. The GAST1 gene encodes a 0.7 kb transcript. The sequence of the GAST1 cDNA and genomic clones indicates that the gene is interrupted by three introns and potentially encodes a 112 amino acid protein of unknown function.
Nonfullerene Tandem Organic Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage of 1.97 V (2016)

Small-molecule nonfullerene-based tandem organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated for the first time by utilizing P3HT:SF(DPPB)<sub>4</sub> and PTB7-Th:IEIC bulk heterojunctions as the front and back subcells, respectively. A power conversion efficiency of 8.48% is achieved with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of 1.97 V, which is the highest voltage value reported to date among efficient tandem OSCs.
HyperLink NAND Flash Architecture for Mass Storage Applications (2007)

The dramatic price reduction of NAND Flash devices in recent years has created an opportunity for Flash to penetrate mass storage applications. This will happen provided the memory vendors can deliver NAND Flash devices with adequate performance and no intrinsic cost premium over the lowest cost conventional NAND Flash devices. The new HLNAND Flash Architecture facilitates this transition by enabling high performance NAND Flash devices with increased longevity and a cost advantage stemming from the low pin count interface and small die size.
A Practical Data Reporting Solution for Free-ranging Cattle Monitoring Applications Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

This paper provides a study of the facilitating data communications for agricultural livestock monitoring applications using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a worst case case scenario: a relatively small number of cows distributed sparsely in an open field. Several design challenges are first indentified and analyzed in depth using actual GPS position data gathered from a farm trial. Two analysis metrics, Connection Availability and Connection Duration, are used to quantify impact of cattle moving behavior and device duty cycle on network connectivity. Based on the results of this analysis, a practical communication scheme called Direct Forwarding (DF) is proposed particularly for free-ranging cattle monitoring applications where communications take place in a non real-time manner. The proposed DF scheme has been implemented using the MICAz sensor node as a development platform. Farm trials have been carried out to study the network performance in terms of data delay, buffer utilization and received data rate. The results show that in the present extreme case, DF scheme has data delay of around an hour and thus real time communication is impossible. The results also show the reliability and robustness of this approach which achieves an expected operational lifetime of 2 years.
Glycoproteomics of a single protein: revealing hundreds of thousands of Myozyme® glycoforms by hybrid HPLC-MS approaches (2022)

Characterisation of highly glycosylated biopharmaceuticals by mass spectrometry is challenging because of the huge chemical space of co-existent glycoforms, i.e. heterogenous glycoprotein variants. Here, we report the use of an array of HPLC-MS-based approaches at different structural levels of released glycan, glycopeptide, and hitherto unexplored intact glycoforms to scrutinize the biopharmaceutical Myozyme®, containing the highly complex lysosomal enzyme recombinant acid α-glucosidase. The intrinsic heterogeneity of recombinant acid α-glucosidase glycoforms was unraveled using a novel strong anion-exchange (SAX)-HPLC-MS approach involving a pH gradient of volatile buffers to facilitate chromatographic separation of glycoforms based on their degree of sialylation followed by the acquisition of native mass spectra in an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The large set of interdepend data acquired at different structural levels was integrated using a set of bioinformatics tools and allowed the annotation of intact glycoforms unraveling more than 1,000,000 different intact glycoform structures. Finally, for the first time, we sought to validate the intact glycoform annotations by integrating experimental data on the enzymatically dissected proteoforms revealing the strengths but also intrinsic limitations of this approach for fully characterising such highly complex glycoproteins by mass spectrometry.