gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NURBS-based interface-enriched generalized finite element scheme for the computational analysis and design of high temperature microvascular composites (2014)

Computational studies on multifunctional microvascular composite materials for high temperature application have focused on simple microchannel geometries [1–2]. Motivated by recent advances in the manufacturing of microvascular composites based on a sacrificial fiber technique that allows a complex network of curved microchannels to be embedded in the material [3], we develop an Interface Enriched Generalized Finite Element Method (IGFEM) [4] with Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) to analyze the impact of the microchannel network on the thermal field in the composite component [5]. By capturing the gradient discontinuity present at the microchannels, the method is able to simulate efficiently and accurately the thermal response of the microvascular composite without the need for a mesh that conforms to the geometry of the microchannels. We show that near-optimal convergence rate can be achieved and that IGFEM is more accurate than standard finite element method for coarse meshes when the enrichment functions are constructed using the NURBS description of the curved microchannels. Verification studies conducted against a detailed multiphysics model based on the Navier–Stokes equation for the fluid shows that the much simpler line source/sink model is very accurate for problems involving microvascular plates and fins. Various application problems are presented to demonstrate the efficiency, flexibility and accuracy of the proposed method. REFERENCES [1] Soghrati, S., Thakre, P.R., White, S.R., Sottos, N.R., Geubelle, P.H. Computational modeling and design of actively-cooled microvascular materials. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 2012, 55, 5309–5321 [2] Soghrati, S., Najafi, A.R., Hughes, K.M., Lin, J.H., White, S.R., Sottos, N.R., Geubelle, P.H. Computational analysis of actively-cooled 3D woven microvascular composites using a stabilized interface-enriched generalized finite element method. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 2013, 65, 153–164. [3] Esser-Kahn, A.P., Thakre, P.R., Dong, H., Patrick, J.F., Vlasko-Vlasov, V.K., Sottos, N.R., Moore, J.S., White, S.R. Three-dimensional microvascular fiber-reinforced composites. Advanced Materials. 2011, 23, 3654–3658. [4] Soghrati, S., Aragón, A.M., Duarte, C.A., Geubelle, P.H. An interface-enriched generalized FEM for problems with discontinuous gradient fields. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 2012, 89, 991–1008. [5] Tan, M.H.Y., Safdari, M., Najafi, A.R., Geubelle, P.H. A NURBS-based interface-enriched generalized finite element scheme for the thermal analysis and design of microvascular composites. 2014 (submitted).
One amino acid change produces a high affinity cGMP-binding site in cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1990)

Discrimination between cAMP and cGMP is a critical feature of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. An alanine/threonine difference in the cyclic nucleotide-binding sites has been proposed to provide a structural basis for this functional distinction. Site-directed mutagenesis of this alanine to a threonine in a cAMP-binding site of cAMP kinase produced a mutant with markedly increased cGMP affinity as determined by cGMP binding and protein kinase activation assays. Studies of other mutants at this position support the role of the threonine hydroxyl group as the component that enhances cGMP binding affinity.
Optimal EV Charging Scheduling by Considering the Limited Number of Chargers (2020)

Lack of charging facilities is still a significant barrier to the electrification of the logistic system. How to effectively schedule the electric vehicle (EV) charging power to reduce the charging station operating cost when the number of chargers was limited becomes an important issue. To tackle this issue, an optimal charging scheduling method by responding to the time-of-used (TOU) electricity price is proposed. First, the uncontrolled charging model to fully charge EVs as fast as possible is established. Then, an optimal charging scheduling model by considering the limited number of chargers is proposed to both reduce the charging cost and guarantee the charging demand of each EVs. The proposed model is formulated as a bilevel programming (BP) model. The charger index and available charging duration for each EV are determined at the upper level, while the charging power of each EV at each time slot is determined at the lower level. After that, a solving approach is introduced for the proposed BP model. The efficacy and performance of the proposed charging scheduling method are verified by simulation results.
Resonance enhancement of diffuse scattering of x-rays in a waveguide heterostructure (1997)

The diffuse scattering of x rays in a four-layer waveguide-type heterostructure is investigated. The dynamic enhancement of diffuse scattering is detected experimentally in regions corresponding to the excitation of waveguide modes for both the incident and scattered waves.
Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block (1970)

*Division of Anesthesiology, Cook County Hospital and Hektoen Institute for Medical Research of Cook County Hospital; Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
Metabolic Biotinylation as a Probe of Supramolecular Structure of the Triad Junction in Skeletal Muscle (2004)

Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle involves conformational coupling between dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) in the plasma membrane and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, it remains uncertain what regions, if any, of the two proteins interact with one another. Toward this end, it would be valuable to know the spatial interrelationships of DHPRs and RyRs within plasma membrane/sarcoplasmic reticulum junctions. Here we describe a new approach based on metabolic incorporation of biotin into targeted sites of the DHPR. To accomplish this, cDNAs were constructed with a biotin acceptor domain (BAD) fused to selected sites of the DHPR, with fluorescent protein (XFP) attached at a second site. All of the BAD-tagged constructs properly targeted to junctions (as indicted by small puncta of XFP) and were functional for excitation-contraction coupling. To determine whether the introduced BAD was biotinylated and accessible to avidin (approximately 60 kDa), myotubes were fixed, permeablized, and exposed to fluorescently labeled avidin. Upon expression in beta1-null or dysgenic (alpha1S-null) myotubes, punctate avidin fluorescence co-localized with the XFP puncta for BAD attached to the beta1a N- or C-terminals, or the alpha1S N-terminal or II-III loop. However, BAD fused to the alpha1S C-terminal was inaccessible to avidin in dysgenic myotubes (containing RyR1). In contrast, this site was accessible to avidin when the identical construct was expressed in dyspedic myotubes lacking RyR1. These results indicate that avidin has access to a number of sites of the DHPR within fully assembled (RyR1-containing) junctions, but not to the alpha1S C-terminal, which appears to be occluded by the presence of RyR1.
Tissue engineering skin: a paradigm shift in wound care. (2005)

Tissue-engineered skin for the treatment of burns and ulcers is a clinical success, but making it commercially viable is more problematic. This article examines the industry, its techniques and suggests the way forward.
QRB-Domains and the Probabilistic Powerdomain (2012)

Is there any Cartesian-closed category of continuous domains that would be closed under Jones and Plotkin's probabilistic powerdomain construction? This is a major open problem in the area of denotational semantics of probabilistic higher-order languages. We relax the question, and look for quasi-continuous dcpos instead. We introduce a natural class of such quasi-continuous dcpos, the omega-QRB-domains. We show that they form a category omega-QRB with pleasing properties: omega-QRB is closed under the probabilistic powerdomain functor, under finite products, under taking bilimits of expanding sequences, under retracts, and even under so-called quasi-retracts. But... omega-QRB is not Cartesian closed. We conclude by showing that the QRB domains are just one half of an FS-domain, merely lacking control.
A. Design, synthesis, and anti-tubercular activity of leningosterol and its derivatives B. design, synthesis, and anti-Infective activity of isothiocyanate and isoselenocyanate-functionalized Amphilectane Diterpenes (2016)

Puerto Rico Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (PRLSAMP), SLOAN Foundation, Research Initiative for Scientific Enhance (RISE) and Programa de Experiencias Academicas Formativas UPRRP (PEAF)
Analysis of bioengineered concrete for use in a submerged reef type breakwater (2006)

The oysterbreak is a method of growing an oyster reef into a wave attenuating device. A study was conducted to determine an optimal material for the oysterbreak. As oysters grow on the oysterbreak, wave energy in the lee of the structure is reduced. It was predicted that more rapid oyster growth would lead to a more rapid reduction of wave energy. Louisiana is losing coastal marshes at an alarming rate. Wave action from storms erodes sediments from Louisiana's shorelines and barrier islands. Structures such as the oysterbreak may be used to protect Louisiana’s fragile shorelines. A material for the oysterbreak may also be used to produce artificial oyster reefs or harvestable oyster cultch. Concrete makes an excellent structural material and is attractive to oysters. It was hypothesized that adding cottonseed or crushed oyster shell to concrete would stimulate greater oyster growth than on concrete alone. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether concrete containing either cottonseed or oyster shell would have a greater increase in cross section due to oyster growth compared to concrete with no biological additive and 2) determine the structural properties of concrete with increasing amounts of cottonseed. Concrete samples were deployed in Caminada Bay near Grand Isle Louisiana in June of 2005. By March of 2006, concrete with oyster shell experienced the most growth (16.2% increase in perimeter of the bar), followed by samples with cottonseed (11.2% increase in perimeter). Samples with no additive had the least oyster growth (7.9% increase in perimeter). An experiment was also conducted to determine the structural properties of concrete with cottonseed in it. Density ranged from 2.25 g/cc for samples with no cottonseed to 2.05 g/cm3 with samples with a high concentration of cottonseed. Strength ranged from 27 MPa for samples with no cottonseed to 7 MPa for samples with the highest concentration of cottonseed. It was determined that this range of strength was acceptable for use in the oysterbreak. It was also concluded that concrete containing either cottonseed or oyster shell would make a superior material for the oysterbreak, compared to concrete alone.
Neural dynamics of variable grasp movement preparation in the macaque fronto-parietal network (2017)

Abstract Our voluntary grasping actions lie on a continuum between immediate action and waiting for the right moment, depending on the context. Therefore, studying grasping requires investigating how preparation time affects this process. Two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed a grasping task with a short instruction followed by an immediate or delayed go cue (0-1300 ms) while we recorded in parallel from neurons in the hand area (F5) of the ventral premotor cortex and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP). Initial population dynamics followed a fixed trajectory in the neural state space unique to each grip type, reflecting unavoidable preparation, then diverged depending on the delay. Although similar types of single unit responses were present in both areas, population activity in AIP stabilized within a unique memory state while F5 activity continued to evolve, tracking subjective anticipation of the go cue. Intriguingly, activity during movement initiation clustered into two trajectory clusters, corresponding to movements that were either ‘as fast as possible’ or withheld movements, demonstrating a widespread state shift in the fronto-parietal grasping network when movements must be withheld. Our results reveal how dissociation between static and dynamic components of movement preparation as well as differentiation between cortical areas is possible through population level analysis. Significance Statement Many of our movements must occur with no warning, while others we can prepare in advance. Yet, it’s unclear how planning for movements along the spectrum between these two situations differs in the brain. Two macaque monkeys made reach to grasp movements after varying amounts of preparation time while we recorded from premotor and parietal cortex. We found that the initial response to a grasp instruction was specific to the required movement, but not the preparation time, reflecting required processing. However, when more preparation time was given, neural activity achieved unique states that likely related to withholding movements and anticipation of movement, which was more prevalent in premotor cortex, suggesting differing roles of premotor and parietal cortex in grasp planning.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2/2015 (2015)

Back Cover: Catalytic insertion copolymerization of vinyl phosphonic acid with a functional group tolerant catalyst yields phosphonic-acid functionalized polyethylenes, which bind to the surface of inorganic nanocrystals in composite particles and materials. Further details can be found in the article by T. Rünzi, M. C. Baier, C. Negele, M. Krumova, and S. Mecking* on page 165.
Current imaging and electromigration-induced splitting of GaN nanowires as revealed by conductive atomic force microscopy (2010)

Current images of electromigration-induced common vapor−liquid−solid-grown GaN nanowires were obtained using a conductive atomic force microscope. Structural characterization indicated that these wurtzite (ZW) [0110] nanowires contained longitudinal zinc blende (ZB) defects as stacking faults. The current was attributed to tunneling current through the Schottky barrier between the AFM tip and a nanowire, which was dominated by the local nanowire surface work function. Due to the electromigration induced by large current densities around the defects, the axial splitting process of the nanowires was directly observed under continuous current scanning. The electromigration was likely enhanced by non-uniformly distributed electrostatic pressure around the axial ZW/ZB domain interfaces.
HD-PRO-TRIAD™ Validation: A Patient-reported Instrument for the Symptom Triad of Huntington’s Disease (2014)

These data indicate that HD-PRO-TRIAD™ is a reliable and valid HRQOL instrument that captures the typical triad of HD symptoms.
Plasma desorption and decomposition (2002)

The new concept-plasma desorption-was developed which is able to convert the high-flow-rate and low-concentration emission to the low-flow rate and high-concentration emission. The unique method and apparatus developed were to desorb the adsorbed gas on pellets using nonthermal plasma and at the same time the adsorption material can be generated. In order to demonstrate the plasma desorption and regeneration, MEK was used along with the dielectric barrier packed-bed plasma reactor. The amount of gas volume being treated and the total power being used to decompose the MEK was at least one order of magnitude small compared with the plasma treatment with the high-flow rate and low-concentration emission. The optimum operation and integrated process depends on pellets material, flow rate and plasma power. The development of this technology will lower the system cost by order of magnitudes and will lead to a breakthrough for various industrial applications.
Adsorbing Volatile Organic Compounds within Bitumen Improves Colloidal Stability and Air Quality (2023)

The mass loss of bitumen due to volatilization is one of the deterioration mechanisms through which the chemical composition of bitumen deviates from its original condition, leading to change in the physical and rheological properties of bitumen. The emissions from bitumen not only accelerate its aging but also negatively impact air quality and consequently human health. Here, we characterized the molecular compositions of the volatiles emitted from bitumen in an isothermal aging process (150 °C for 24 h). We also investigated the impact of losing these compounds on the association behavior of asphaltene stacks. Based on the GC-MS results, the main mass loss of SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) fractions is attributed to the emission of lightweight nonpolar aromatic and aliphatic compounds. The most dominant volatiles are single-ring aromatics carrying short side chains, followed by saturated and unsaturated aliphatic compounds including short-chain n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, cyclic alkenes, alkenes, and dienes. Using molecular modeling in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we showed how the reduction in aromatics and saturates can impact the colloidal stability of asphaltenes in the matrix of bitumen. Based on the DFT results, the surface adsorption of aromatics and saturates on asphaltene planes provides the steric repulsion required to maintain the asphaltene planes at a distance sufficient to inhibit their agglomeration. In addition, aromatic molecules with the least hindrance repulsion can disturb the π–π interfacial interactions between asphaltene planes, facilitating their deagglomeration. Therefore, a direct consequence of the mass loss of bitumen due to volatilization is disturbing the asphaltene distribution within the bitumen and stimulating the aggregation of asphaltenes. We also studied the merits of incorporating biochar into the bitumen surface to reduce bitumen’s mass loss. Modification of bitumen separately with each of six biochars derived from biomass feedstocks (walnut shell, peanut shell, Douglas fir, pine bark, birch, and algae) showed the efficacy of each biochar to reduce the volatiles emitted from bitumen, thereby reducing the changes in the composition of maltene with consequent colloidal stability losses. The study outcomes highlight the importance of reducing emissions from bitumen to delay its aging and minimize negative impacts on air quality and human health.
Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal the Genetic Architecture and Candidate Genes of Indicine, Taurine, Synthetic Crossbreds, and Locally Adapted Cattle in Brazil (2021)

Cattle population history, breeding systems, and geographic subdivision may be reflected in runs of homozygosity (ROH), effective population size (<i>N</i> <sub>e</sub>), and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns. Thus, the assessment of this information has become essential to the implementation of genomic selection on purebred and crossbred cattle breeding programs. In this way, we assessed the genotype of 19 cattle breeds raised in Brazil belonging to taurine, indicine, synthetic crossbreds, and Iberian-derived locally adapted ancestries to evaluate the overall LD decay patterns, <i>N</i> <sub>e</sub>, ROH, and breed composition. We were able to obtain a general overview of the genomic architecture of cattle breeds currently raised in Brazil and other tropical countries. We found that, among the evaluated breeds, different marker densities should be used to improve the genomic prediction accuracy and power of genome-wide association studies. Breeds showing low <i>N</i> <sub>e</sub> values indicate a recent inbreeding, also reflected by the occurrence of longer ROH, which demand special attention in the matting schemes to avoid extensive inbreeding. Candidate genes (e.g., <i>ABCA7</i>, <i>PENK</i>, <i>SPP1</i>, <i>IFNAR1</i>, <i>IFNAR2</i>, <i>SPEF2</i>, <i>PRLR</i>, <i>LRRTM1</i>, and <i>LRRTM4</i>) located in the identified ROH islands were evaluated, highlighting biological processes involved with milk production, behavior, rusticity, and fertility. Furthermore, we were successful in obtaining the breed composition regarding the taurine and indicine composition using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Our results were able to observe in detail the genomic backgrounds that are present in each breed and allowed to better understand the various contributions of ancestor breeds to the modern breed composition to the Brazilian cattle.
Cell cycle and storage related gene expression in potato tubers (2002)

Characterising gene expression during potato 15 tuber development in individuals and populations using the luciferase reporter system. ChapterDifferential hormone responses in tuber and bud 35 of potato tubers during second growth.
Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis with Graph Convolution Network and Multi-task Learning (2020)

This paper describes our participating system on the Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis (CGED) 2020 shared task.For the detection subtask, we propose two BERT-based approaches 1) with syntactic dependency trees enhancing the model performance and 2) under the multi-task learning framework to combine the sequence labeling and the sequenceto-sequence (seq2seq) models.For the correction subtask, we utilize the masked language model, the seq2seq model and the spelling check model to generate corrections based on the detection results.Finally, our system achieves the highest recall rate on the top-3 correction and the second best F1 score on identification level and position level.
Magnetic gradiometer for underwater detection applications (2006)

We have designed and constructed a magnetic gradiometer for underwater mine detection, location and tracking. The United States Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC PC) in Panama City, FL has conducted sea tests of the system using an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV). The Real-Time Tracking Gradiometer (RTG) measures the magnetic field gradients caused by the presence of a mine in the Earth's magnetic field. These magnetic gradients can then be used to detect and locate a target with the UUV in motion. Such a platform can also be used for other applications, including the detection and tracking of vessels and divers for homeland (e.g., port) security and the detection of underwater pipelines. Data acquired by the RTG in sea tests is presented in this paper.
Seminaphthofluorones are a family of water-soluble, low molecular weight, NIR-emitting fluorophores (2008)

A readily accessible new class of near infrared (NIR) molecular probes has been synthesized and evaluated. Specific fluorophores in this unique xanthene based regioisomeric seminaphthofluorone dye series exhibit a combination of desirable characteristics including (i) low molecular weight (339 amu), (ii) aqueous solubility, and (iii) dual excitation and emission from their fluorescent neutral and anionic forms. Importantly, systematic changes in the regiochemistry of benzannulation and the ionizable moieties afford (iv) tunable deep-red to NIR emission from anionic species and (v) enhanced Stokes shifts. Anionic SNAFR-6, exhibiting an unusually large Stokes shift of approximately 200 nm (5,014 cm(-1)) in aqueous buffer, embodies an unprecedented fluorophore that emits NIR fluorescence when excited in the blue/green wavelength region. The successful use of SNAFR-6 in cellular imaging studies demonstrates proof-of-concept that this class of dyes possesses photophysical characteristics that allow their use in practical applications. Notably, each of the new fluorophores described is a minimal template structure for evaluation of their basic spectral properties, which may be further functionalized and optimized yielding concomitant improvements in their photophysical properties.