gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Titanium(IV)‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Featuring Defect‐Rich Ti‐O Sheets as an Oxidative Desulfurization Catalyst (2019)

While titanium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied for their (photo)catalytic potential, only a few Ti<sup>IV</sup> MOFs have been reported owing to the high reactivity of the employed titanium precursors. The synthesis of COK-47 is now presented, the first Ti carboxylate MOF based on sheets of Ti<sup>IV</sup> O<sub>6</sub> octahedra, which can be synthesized with a range of different linkers. COK-47 can be synthesized as an inherently defective nanoparticulate material, rendering it a highly efficient catalyst for the oxidation of thiophenes. Its structure was determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction and studied in depth by X-ray total scattering, EXAFS, and solid-state NMR. Furthermore, its photoactivity was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance and demonstrated by catalytic photodegradation of rhodamine 6G.
Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions with the capillary electrophoresis microchip (2003)

Capillary electrophoresis microchip devices are receiving considerable attention due to their versatility, portability, and sample handling capabilities. This article is a comprehensive review of the analysis of inorganic and small, charged organic species on microchip platforms. The application of conductivity, amperometry, laser-induced fluorescence, absorbance, and chemiluminescence detection methods are discussed. The potential utilization of these devices for miniaturized analytical systems is described.
High-precision Indoor Visible Light Positioning with Tilt Receiver Based on Image Sensors (2022)

In recent years, visible light positioning (VLP) based on image sensors has been widely studied as the demand for indoor precise positioning services are increasing. We use commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the transmitter and a commercial mobile phone or stereo camera as the receiver to acquire a fringe picture carrying information through the rolling shutter effect of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. Based on this, the algorithm is proposed in this paper, either two dimensional positioning with the phone rotated at any angle in the horizontal plane, or further extension, three dimensional positioning with the stereo camera tilted at any rotation angle, can achieve good positioning effectiveness. Meanwhile, it also avoids the use of angle sensors that cannot provide reliable and accurate angle measurements continuously. The experimental results show that the system established in this paper is capable of achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy.
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Heat Shock Protein 70 are not Necessary for Suppression of Apoptosis in Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils (1994)

We have previously shown that granulocyte (G-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage (GM-CSF) colony-stimulating factors present in human bronchial epithelial cell conditioned medium (HBEC-CM) suppress apoptosis in neutrophils. In this study, we demonstrate that HBEC-CM also induces increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in neutrophils. However, treatment of neutrophils with recombinant GM-CSF and G-CSF, which suppressed apoptosis to equivalent degrees, did not induce MnSOD or HSP 70. Thus, we conclude that induction of stress proteins is associated with, but not necessary for, suppression of apoptosis.
Superoxide-producing cytochrome b. Enzymatic and electron paramagnetic resonance properties of cytochrome b558 purified from neutrophils. (1993)

Molecular properties of superoxide (O2-)-producing cytochrome b558 purified from neutrophils were investigated focusing on the mechanism of the catalytic reaction. The purified cytochrome, which was depleted of FAD, exhibited high O2(-)-generating activity with consumption of NADPH in the presence of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Exogenous additions of CO, CN-, or N3- had no effect on the enzymatic activity. Potentiometric titration of the ferric-ferrous couple of the cytochrome showed that the midpoint reduction potential was -255 mV at pH 7.4. When the reaction of the reduced cytochrome with O2 was analyzed by stopped flow and rapid scanning spectrophotometry, the ferrous form was found to be converted to the ferric form at a rate constant of 9.3 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 10 degrees C without showing formation of an oxygenated intermediate. EPR measurement of the ferric cytochrome at 10 K showed that the electronic spin state was in a low spin with g values of 3.2, 2.05, and 1.5. These results suggest that the heme in a six-coordinated low spin state catalyzes one electron reduction of O2 without ligation of O2 to the heme iron during the catalytic cycle.
Equivalent network modeling of slot coupled microstripline to waveguide transition (2004)

An analysis method of slot-coupled microstripline to waveguide transition is presented to develop a simple but accurate equivalent circuit model. The equivalent circuit consists of an ideal transformer, microstrip open stub, and admittance element looking into a waveguide and a half space of feed side from a slot center. The related circuit element values are calculated by applying the reciprocity theorem, the Fourier transform and series representation, the complex power concept, and the spectral-domain immittance approach. The computed scattering parameters are compared with the measured, and good agreement validates the simplicity and accuracy of the proposed equivalent circuit model.
Spaceborne potential for examining taiga–tundra ecotone form andvulnerability (2016)

In the taiga-tundra ecotone (TTE), site-dependent forest structure characteristics can influence the subtle and heterogeneous structural changes that occur across the broad circumpolar extent. Such changes may be related to ecotone form, described by the horizontal and vertical patterns of forest structure (e.g., tree cover, density and height) within TTE forest patches, driven by local site conditions, and linked to ecotone dynamics. The unique circumstance of subtle, variable and widespread vegetation change warrants the application of spaceborne data including high-resolution (< 5m) spaceborne imagery (HRSI) across broad scales for examining TTE form and predicting dynamics. This study analyzes forest structure at the patch-scale in the TTE to provide a means to examine both vertical and horizontal components of ecotone form. We demonstrate the potential of spaceborne data for integrating forest height and density to assess TTE form at the scale of forest patches across the circumpolar biome by (1) mapping forest patches in study sites along the TTE in northern Siberia with a multi-resolution suite of spaceborne data, and (2) examining the uncertainty of forest patch height from this suite of data across sites of primarily diffuse TTE forms. Results demonstrate the opportunities for improving patch-scale spaceborne estimates of forest height, the vertical component of TTE form, with HRSI. The distribution of relative maximum height uncertainty based on prediction intervals is centered at ~40%, constraining the use of height for discerning differences in forest patches. We discuss this uncertainty in light of a conceptual model of general ecotone forms, and highlight how the uncertainty of spaceborne estimates of height can contribute to the uncertainty in identifying TTE forms. A focus on reducing the uncertainty of height estimates in forest patches may improve depiction of TTE form, which may help explain variable forest responses in the TTE to climate change and the vulnerability of portions of the TTE to forest structure change.
Optimization and validation of [<sup>13</sup>N]-NH<inf>3</inf> production for clinical studies of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of myocardial perfusion (2015)

The present work aims to validate the [ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> N]-NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> production for human studies of myocardial perfusion using a cyclotron from a Portuguese public institution and an automatic synthesis module. According to specifications of European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) 8.2., 3 consecutives batches were evaluated for this purpose. Results showed a clear and colorless product and pH values between 4,5 e 8,5. The chemical purity was confirmed by the colorimetric test and the samples were identified as [ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> N]-NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , by ionic chromatography, gamma ray spectroscopy and half-life determination. Radiochemical and radionuclidic purity were confirmed, corresponding a minimum of 99% of total radioactivity to [ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> N] and a percentage of impurities less than 1%, 2 hours after the end of synthesis. Tests for sterility and for presence of bacterial endotoxins were also performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (±)‐Podophyllotoxin and (±)‐Epipodophyllotoxin. (1986)

Abstract A novel approach to (±)‐epipodophyllotoxin (XIIIa) and hence also to (±)‐podophyllotoxin(XIIIb) starts with the acid (I) which is transformed to the ester (VIIc) via the intermediates shown in the scheme.
A new spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of nitrite in polluted water. (1998)

A new sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the detn. of nitrite with p-aminobenzoic acid coupled with N-1-(Naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride) in acid medium. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of nitrite concn. of 0.05-1.2 I¼g ml-1 and the molar absorptivity, at 550 nm is 2.74 A— 10-4 l.mole-1.cm-1. Results obtained by using the proposed method for water samples agree well with those obtained by Saltzman std. method. [on SciFinder(R)]
Effect of BF3 Inclusion on Poly(POEM-co-AMPSLi) Single-ion Polymer Electrolytes (2015)

본 연구에서는 다양한 조성의 poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacryate(POEM)과 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid(AMPS)를 함유하는 공중합체를 합성하고 LiSUB2/SUBCOSUB3/SUB와의 적정반응을 통해 단일이온 전도성 poly(POEM-co-AMPSLi)를 제조하여 전기화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 고분자전해질에 BFSUB3/SUB를 첨가하여 루이스산이 이온전도도 및 열적특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 제조된 고분자전해질은 0.93의 리튬이온 수송률이 관찰되어 단일이온 전도체임을 확인하고 6 V까지 전기화학적 안정성을 보여주었지만, 3.2×10SUP-7/SUP S/cm의 낮은 상온 이온 전도도가 관찰되었다. 하지만, 고분자전해질에 대한 BFSUB3/SUB첨가는 이온간 해리를 가능하게 하여 상온 이온전도도의 경우 [EO]:[Li] 비율 27:1에서 최대 1.3×10SUP-5/SUP S/cm의 높은 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 나아가 BFSUB3/SUB 첨가는 리튬이온과 ethylene oxide기의 배위를 증가시켜 결과적으로 고분자전해질의 결정용융온도를 감소시키는 효과도 함께 나타내었다.
Aroma delivery from spray dried coffee containing pressurised internalised gas (2012)

A non-chemical, ingredient free method of enhancing aroma delivery during the preparation of instant coffee is presented. The approach detailed introduces a method for entrapping high pressure internalised gas within the pores of spray dried soluble coffee by cycling of both pressure and temperature. The headspace delivery of volatile aroma compounds during powder hydration was tracked by an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation‐quadrupole mass spectrometer, with a modified ion source. The release of pressurised gas on hydration caused a burst of volatile aroma compounds into the headspace, which was both faster (77%) and more intense (60%) than could be achieved using standard instant coffee or through the use of chemical effervescent agents alone (sodium hydrogen carbonate and citric acid). In addition, the process of natural gasification selectively accelerated the delivery of individual aroma compounds, with the time to maximum headspace intensity being reduced for both 2,3 butanedione and acetaldehyde.
Adaptive hierarchical visibility in a tiled architecture (1999)

This paper describes a method for occlusion culling in a tiled 3D graphics hardware architecture. Adaptive hierarchical visibility (AHV) is a simplified method for occlusion culling that is integrated into a tiled architecture for hardware rendering. AI-IV constructs a list of polygon bins for each tile where the bins are bucket sorted in order of increasing depth or Z. Polygon bins are rendered starting with the bin closest to the viewer. After some number of bins are rendered, a one layer, hierarchical Zbuffer (HZ) is constructed from the Z-buffer thus far accumulated for the rendered bins. Subsequent bins are rendered by first testing their polygons against the HZ to see if they are hidden. AHV is far simpler to implement in hardware and gives performance that matches or surpasses progressive hierarchical visibility (PHV) methods which update the HZ for each rendered pixel. Results show that AI-IV is superior on scenes with high depth complexity and small polygons. For tiles of widely ranging statistics, AHV competes surprisingly well with PHV. It offers dramatic performance improvement on low cost hardware for scenes of high depth complexity.
Analysis of low dielectric constant and Cu-based single- and multilayered films using spectroscopic ellipsometry (1999)

Many materials are being considered as candidates for Low Dielectric Constant, InterLayer Dielectric (ILD) applications. It is expected that some users will introduce Low K ILD materials in Aluminum based processing. Simultaneously, considerable process development is underway worldwide for Copper based Dual Damascene structures and integration of Low K ILD materials in such structures. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) is widely used in the Integrated Circuit (IC) industry for routine production monitoring. The dispersion information (variation of refractive index with wavelength) from SE can also be correlated to the microstructure and chemical composition of thin films. This provides a powerful, non-destructive and rapid method of analysis and process characterization. In this review, we discuss the application of this technique to the characterization of single and multilayered thin films based on Low Dielectric constant materials. Results of SE analysis of copper films copper oxides and dielectric multilayered films on copper are also presented.
Transcriptome Analysis of Thapsia laciniata Rouy Provides Insights into Terpenoid Biosynthesis and Diversity in Apiaceae (2013)

Thapsia laciniata Rouy (Apiaceae) produces irregular and regular sesquiterpenoids with thapsane and guaiene carbon skeletons, as found in other Apiaceae species. A transcriptomic analysis utilizing Illumina next-generation sequencing enabled the identification of novel genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in Thapsia. From 66.78 million HQ paired-end reads obtained from T. laciniata roots, 64.58 million were assembled into 76,565 contigs (N50: 1261 bp). Seventeen contigs were annotated as terpene synthases and five of these were predicted to be sesquiterpene synthases. Of the 67 contigs annotated as cytochromes P450, 18 of these are part of the CYP71 clade that primarily performs hydroxylations of specialized metabolites. Three contigs annotated as aldehyde dehydrogenases grouped phylogenetically with the characterized ALDH1 from Artemisia annua and three contigs annotated as alcohol dehydrogenases grouped with the recently described ADH1 from A. annua. ALDH1 and ADH1 were characterized as part of the artemisinin biosynthesis. We have produced a comprehensive EST dataset for T. laciniata roots, which contains a large sample of the T. laciniata transcriptome. These transcriptome data provide the foundation for future research into the molecular basis for terpenoid biosynthesis in Thapsia and on the evolution of terpenoids in Apiaceae.
IP Packet Loss Compensation Scheme with Bicast and Forwarding for Handover in Mobile Communications (2006)

This paper proposes an IP packet loss compensation scheme with bicast and forwarding for hard handover (HO) between different base stations (BSs). The proposed scheme could reduce the control delay for HO since it previously transfers IP packet from an access router to both an old BS and a new BS before HO, i.e., cell change is performed. Furthermore, the proposed scheme could realize loss less of IP packet by forwarding the IP packet only when IP packets transferred before starting bicast are buffered in the old BS for the HO request timing. From our computer simulation results, the proposed scheme could reduce the HO control delay at 95% cumulative distribution function (CDF) by approximately 1.7 sec, 340 msec, and 170 msec compared with the conventional forwarding scheme and by approximately 300 msec, 320 msec, and 330 msec compared with the conventional bicast scheme when the maximum Doppler frequency (fd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) is 5.55 Hz and the data rate on a wired propagation channel is 10, 50, and 100 Mbps, respectively. Therefore, we clarified that the proposed scheme is effective as an IP packet loss compensation scheme for hard HO
Impact Ionization in $β-Ga_2O_3$ (2017)

A theoretical investigation of extremely high field transport in an emerging wide-bandgap material $β-Ga_2O_3$ is reported from first principles. The signature high-field effect explored here is impact ionization. Interaction between a valence-band electron and an excited electron is computed from the matrix elements of a screened Coulomb operator. Maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWF) are utilized in computing the impact ionization rates. A full-band Monte Carlo (FBMC) simulation is carried out incorporating the impact ionization rates, and electron-phonon scattering rates. This work brings out valuable insights on the impact ionization coefficient (IIC) of electrons in $β-Ga_2O_3$. The isolation of the $Γ$ point conduction band minimum by a significantly high energy from other satellite band pockets play a vital role in determining ionization co-efficients. IICs are calculated for electric fields ranging up to 8 MV/cm for different crystal directions. A Chynoweth fitting of the computed IICs is done to calibrate ionization models in device simulators.
Controlled flotation processes : Prediction and manipulation of bubble-particle capture (1999)

The processes by which particles and bubbles interact capture many of the central concepts of colloid science and hydrodynamics. This area of research embraces hydrodynamics, interfacial (including capillary) forces, particle and bubble behaviour and solution chemistry. In this review, we discuss collision, attachment and stability efficiencies. We deal with the identification of a flotation i?½domaini?½, the deformation of a bubble surface upon interaction with a solid surface, the kinetics of three phase contact line expansion and the determination of attachment efficiencies through to the direct measurement of bubble-particle interaction forces. We have recently carried out a test of collision theory where the latter embraces both inertial and centrifugal forces. The real challenge is now to quantitatively descriptionbe the behaviour of real systems and to incorporate a reliable descriptionption of the behaviour of particles in flotation froths. The approach descriptionbed is very robust when applied to flotation, both from qualitative and quantitative points of view, providing an intellectual foundation for understanding this complex process in separation science and technology.
Nanoparticles Induce Changes of the Electrical Activity of Neuronal Networks on Microelectrode Array Neurochips (2010)

NPs at low particle concentrations are able to exhibit a neurotoxic effect by disturbing the electrical activity of neuronal networks, but the underlying mechanisms depend on the particle type.
A configuration of remote control system using speech within a priori known noise. (1992)

Not only surrounding noise but also the sound radiated by an equipment itself seriously affect the performance of speech recognition when one tries to make voice control sys tem for sound radiating equipment such as a television set. In this paper, a configura tion of speech recognition system for this kind of equipment is proposed. This system consists of three components; an adaptive digital filter to reduce noise radiated by the equipment, a speech candidate detector, and an isolated word recognizer. In the ex periments not only white noise but also colored noise such as organ solo and male voice are used. In all cases, over 90% of correct recognition ratio is obtained even when speech level is the same as noise level.
Granuloma Annulare Anterior Uveitis (2008)

Granuloma annulare is a rare cause of anterior uveitis that is diagnosed by characteristic skin findings and may be associated with sarcoidosis.
Remotely Piloted Innovation: Terrorism, Drones and Supportive Technology (2016)

Abstract : In early October 2016, the group that calls itself the Islamic State killed two Kurdish soldiers with an explosive device hidden inside a drone. While terrorist groups have long had a fascination with drones and experimented with their use, the incident was a first for a terror group, and it potentially represents the leading edge of a wave of similar incidents that could follow in the months, years and decades ahead. Much has been made of the threat of terror use of drones, but little empirical and historical work has been done to support our understanding of this phenomenon and its evolution. This report seeks to address this gap by providing a review of, and framework to situate, cases in which terrorist entities have either shown a substantive interest in drones or have used them. It evaluates both individual use cases and the activity of groups that have used drones frequently enough to constitute their having a program. These cases are then complemented by a review of the creative ways that private citizens have used drones, in order to provide decisionmakers with a firmer baseline of both demonstrated terror capability and what lies within the immediate realm of possibility, given what has already been achieved by others. This report also includes an overview of new technologies that are likely to further complicate the scope of this developing threat.
Design and Security Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Over Free-Space Optics Using Dual-Threshold Direct-Detection Receiver (2018)

This paper proposes a novel design and analyzes security performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over free-space optics (FSO). Unlike conventional QKD protocols based on physical characteristics of quantum mechanics, the proposed QKD protocol can be implemented on standard FSO systems using subcarrier intensity modulation binary phase shift keying and direct detection with a dual-threshold receiver. Under security constraints, the design criteria for FSO transmitter and receiver, in particular, the modulation depth and the selection of dual-threshold detection, respectively, is analytically investigated. For the security analysis, quantum bit error rate, ergodic secret-key rate, and final key-creation rate are concisely derived in novel closed-form expressions in terms of finite power series, taking into account the channel loss, atmospheric turbulence-induced fading, and receiver noises. Furthermore, Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to verify analytical results and the feasibility of the proposed QKD protocol.