gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current-injection Josephson latch employing a single-flux quantum. II (1986)

A novel current-injection Josephson latch with a single-flux quantum memory is experimentally verified. The experimental latch is fabricated by 5-μm Pb-alloy technology and occupies an area of 270×175 μm2, achieving one order of magnitude area reduction compared to magnetically coupled latch. In low-frequency experiments, the proper operation of a single latch under arbitrary input conditions and the proper data transfer from latch to latch are observed. In high-speed experiments, the proper operation of a single latch with cycle time down to 3.7 ns is observed, which is limited by the high-speed restriction of the test instruments at room temperature. These results show the possibility that the complete current injection logic system can be constructed by combining the present latch and current-injection logic gates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Pyrrolo(2,1,5‐de)quinolizinones (Cycl(3.3.2)azinones). (1987)

Abstract The pyridinium bromides (I) and (V) react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (II) to give the cycloadducts (III) and (VI) which are transformed into the pyrroloquinolizines (IV) and (VII).
L/sub 2/-induced norms and frequency gains of sampled-data sensitivity operators (1998)

This paper develops exact, computable formulas for the frequency gain and L/sub 2/-induced norm of the sensitivity operator in a sampled-data control system. With sampled data, we refer to a system that combines both continuous-time and discrete time signals, which is studied in continuous time. The expressions are obtained using lifting techniques in the frequency domain and have application in performance and stability robustness analysis taking into account full intersample information.
Antimicrobial agents resistance in Campylobacter coli from swine and humans (2003)

C. coli from slaughtered pigs and from human patients were examined for resistance to quinolones and tetracycline. Detection of tetO was performed. Gyrase A gene (gyrA) was amplified and sequenced and tested by an alternative method. Tetracycline resistance levels were respectively of 67,7 % and 56,3 % in swine and human isolates. In C. coli of human origin, all resistant isolates had the tetO determinant while 82,8 % of resistant C. coli from swine possessed it. Among the susceptible swine isolates, 17,2 % possessed this gene. Resistance to enrofloxacin (7,3 %) and ciprofloxacin (11,4 %) was observed in swine isolates and resistance for enrofloxacin (12,5 %) and ciprofloxacin (18,8 %) were observed in C. coli from humans. In addition, 72,7 % of swine resistant isolates and all isolates from humans had a mutation at position 86. Results were similar with MAMA-PCR which can thus be considered as a good alternative to sequencing.
THE BELGIAN ROAD RESEARCH CENTER'S OVERALL APPROACH TO ASPHALT PAVEMENT STRUCTURAL DESIGN (1977)

A structural design system for asphalt pavement, based upon the utilization of measured fundamental properties of materials, is presented. While the experimental methods for the determination of the fundamental properties of the materials are now well defined, they involve sophisticated tests which are not well adapted to everyday practical purposes (long time, high cost). For this reason predictive methods, based on numerous laboratory results obtained for the different kinds of materials, are made use of, mainly for bituminous mixes and granular materials. The different elements of design, namely, criteria for riding quality, loading conditions, stresses and strains in layered systems, fundamental properties of road materials and climatic factors are reviewed. Models for cracking and for rut depth are supplied. A field verification is reported. For the pavement design method itself, two approaches are presented. The first is a complete rational one, while the second is more approximative, but simpler than the first and, consequently, more practical. /Author/
Colour image science : exploiting digital media (2002)

The researcher edited the whole volume and authored one chapter. As the range and capabilities of digital colour displays, printers and digital cameras have increased during the past decade, so too has the availability of more sophisticated and accurate colour measuring instruments. The work of the CIE and national standards laboratories has been crucial in establishing reference standards and calibration procedures. But many issues remain to be resolved, not least the development of a fully comprehensive model of colour appearance, including spatial and temporal parameters, and how to make it work well for practical systems. New challenges for colour image science have emerged as cross-media image reproduction is applied in other colour imaging domains outside the graphic arts, including Internet and multimedia displays, motion pictures, digital television and augmented-reality. This book was a companion volume to the previous text Colour Imaging: Vision and Technology (John Wiley 1999). An interdisciplinary approach was taken, combining aspects of human vision with image capture, processing and reproduction. The premise was that colour image science would develop primarily through research directed to a deeper understanding of human colour vision and perception in all its aspects – spectral, spatial and temporal. Only through the application of colour image science would digital media achieve their full potential in the reproduction of images that are both good-looking and effective. The twenty chapters of the book were arranged in five parts on colour vision, multispectral imaging, image processing, gamut mapping, and image quality. They were all original articles, solicited from authors of international significance. All chapters were peer reviewed by anonymous reviewers. A specific research contribution within the book is Chapter 14, “A Topographic Gamut Mapping Algorithm”, which summarises the author’s development of a novel image processing algorithm and its evaluation in two different experiments. See: http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471499277.html
Solution of the Cauchy problem for the Navier - Stokes and Euler equations (2010)

Some known results regarding the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations were obtained by different authors. Existence and smoothness of the Navier-Stokes solutions in two dimensions have been known for a long time. Leray $\cite{jL34}$ showed that the Navier-Stokes equations in three space dimensions have a weak solution. Scheffer and Shnirelman obtained weak solution of the Euler equations with compact support in spacetime. Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg improved Scheffer's results, and F.-H. Lin simplified the proof of the results of J. Leray. Many problems and conjectures about the behavior of solutions of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are described in the book of Bertozzi and Majda or Constantin. Solutions of the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations with initial conditions (Cauchy problem) for two and three dimensions are obtained in the convergence series form by the iterative method using the Fourier and Laplace transforms in this paper. For several combinations of problem parameters numerical results were obtained and presented as graphs.
Multiple Two-Way Time Message Exchange (TTME) Time Synchronization for Bridge Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used to collect valuable information in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges, using various sensors, such as temperature, vibration and strain sensors. Since multiple sensors are distributed on the bridge, accurate time synchronization is very important for multi-sensor data fusion and information processing. Based on shape of the bridge, a spanning tree is employed to build linear topology WSNs and achieve time synchronization in this paper. Two-way time message exchange (TTME) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) are employed for clock offset estimation. Multiple TTMEs are proposed to obtain a subset of TTME observations. The time out restriction and retry mechanism are employed to avoid the estimation errors that are caused by continuous clock offset and software latencies. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could avoid the estimation errors caused by clock drift and minimize the estimation error due to the large random variable delay jitter. The proposed algorithm is an accurate and low complexity time synchronization algorithm for bridge health monitoring.
CXC Chemokines Suppress Proliferation of Myeloid Progenitor Cells by Activation of the CXC Chemokine Receptor 2 (1998)

IL-8 is one of the major mediators of the transendothelial migration of neutrophils from the circulation to the site of injury and infection. In this work we demonstrate that the CXC or alpha-chemokines, IL-8 and melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA) induce myeloid suppression via direct action on progenitor cells, mediated by activation of the murine homologue of the CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) or IL-8R B. We first show that proliferation of the IL-3-dependent murine myeloid progenitor cell line 32D is suppressed by human IL-8 and the functionally and structurally related peptide, MGSA. Second, we show for the first time the high endogenous expression of the murine CXCR2 in 32D cells, as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis, binding to [125I]macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2-induced calcium responses in 32D cells. Third, we demonstrate that IL-8 and MGSA induce a rise in intracellular calcium in 32D cells. The IL-8-induced Ca2+ response is desensitizing, since a second dose of IL-8 did not trigger a second calcium response. Other chemokines, including neutrophil-activating protein-2, platelet factor-4, RANTES, and macrophage chemotactic protein-1, neither suppressed the proliferation of 32D cells nor induced a rise in intracellular calcium. Finally, the IC50 of IL-8- and MGSA-dependent suppression of proliferation of 32D cells is in good agreement with the EC50 of IL-8- and MGSA-dependent activation of neutrophil Mac-1 up-regulation and chemotaxis. Our studies are consistent with the idea that IL-8 and MGSA suppress the proliferation of 32D cells by activation of murine CXCR2.
Requirements for pYXXM Motifs in Cbl for Binding to the p85 Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Crk, and Activation of Atypical Protein Kinase C and Glucose Transport during Insulin Action in 3T3/L1 Adipocytes (2004)

Cbl is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor and reportedly functions within the flotillin/CAP/Cbl/Crk/C3G/TC10 complex during insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Cbl, via pYXXM motifs at tyrosine-371 and tyrosine-731, also activates phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which is required to activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and glucose transport during thiazolidinedione action in 3T3/L1 and human adipocytes [Miura et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 14335-14341]. Presently, we have examined the importance of Cbl in activating PI 3-kinase and aPKC during insulin action in 3T3/L1 adipocytes by expressing Y371F and Y731F Cbl mutants, which nullify pYXXM binding of Cbl to SH2 domains of downstream effectors. Interestingly, these mutants inhibited insulin-induced increases in (a) binding of Cbl to both Crk and the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase, (b) activation of Cbl-dependent PI 3-kinase, (c) activation and translocation of aPKC to the plasma membrane, (d) translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane, (e) and glucose transport. Importantly, coexpression of wild-type Cbl reversed the inhibitory effects of Cbl mutants. In contrast to Cbl-dependent PI 3-kinase, Cbl mutants did not significantly inhibit the activation of PI 3-kinase by IRS-1, which is also required during insulin action. Our findings suggest that (a) Cbl uses pYXXM motifs to simultaneously activate PI 3-kinase and Crk/C3G/TC10 pathways and (b) Cbl, along with IRS-1, functions upstream of PI 3-kinase and aPKCs during insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3/L1 adipocytes.
Defects in The Next Release; Software Defect Prediction Based on Source Code Versions (2018)

Nowadays, automatic defect prediction has attracted wide attention, but many researchers neglected the availability of huge amount of data in version control systems. Deploying the next release of the project on time and on schedule urges software project managers to optimize efforts based on their limited human resources. Usually software projects have longterm version history from which we can build a repository of rnetrics, defects, fixes and causes. Having an accurate estimate of the distribution of bugs across components helps project managers to optimize the available resources by focusing on the problematic system parts. We have introduced a benchmark for interested readers in this field which provides all the data needed to apply a large array of prediction techniques proposed in the literature. Our dataset allows the reproduction of the experiments reported in this paper and their comparison with novel defect prediction approaches. We evaluated a selection of representative classification approaches and compared the performance of major classifiers using various evaluation measures such as Precision, Recall, F-measure, G-mean and AUC. The experimental results show that Random Forest is a powerful method and as a good candidate for software defect prediction can be used for further improvements.
PIV Study of Flow Separations at a Forward-Facing Step using Long-Range Microscope (2016)

The flow separation taking place over the forward-facing step is measured by high-resolution PIV using long-range microscope. The step has height of h=10 mm and the free stream velocity is 20 m/s, resulting in a Reynolds number of Reh=13,700. Two separation bubbles are produced in the immediate upstream and downstream of the step respectively. The upstream separation has a length of 0.6h, while the downstream one is longer and has length of 1.0h. A shear layer is formed in the region between the reversed flow and free stream. The streamwise velocity fluctuation downstream the step is significantly stronger than that in the upstream separation, the wall-normal velocity, however, exhibits less intensity in fluctuation magnitude, although its strength is higher in the downstream portion. Focused Reynolds shear stress is found to overlap with the velocity shear downstream of the step, suggesting the prominent vertical activity, which is revealed in the instantaneous flow field. It is these vortices that produce the surface pressure fluctuations. Statistical analysis is finally carried out and reveals the correlation between the separation area and the total vorticity magnitude generated in the flow over the step.
Characterization of the Munc18-Syntaxin protein interaction (2008)

then deliver into the arginine-rich groove. Second, our data show that the region centered around the protrusion is crucial for RNA binding and presumably is the major RNA binding site. The side chains of the arginine residues in this region are pointing towards each other, suggesting that this region may clamp the RNA into the groove. Third, we have found that an arginine rich region at the other end of the groove is also important for RNA-binding. Since 24-27 RNA nucleotides bind to an influenza NP molecule, the RNA is expected to make further contacts with NP in addition to binding along the arginine-rich groove. This work may lead to the design of inhibitors for perturbing the transcription and replication of influenza virus.
Multiple-point Statistics and Bayesian Inverse Theory - Some Inspirations from Mean-field and Curie-weiss Theories (2015)

For petroleum geostatistics, modelling of rock facies is of leading order importance: they are the dominant predictor of flow, and the dominant control of remote sensed data. Stronger geological control is desirable, and this is effectively introduced via multipoint statistics (MPS). The obscure character of MPS algorithms has hitherto prevented their clean integration with Bayesian inverse theory. We show that expressing MPS priors in terms of Gibbs energies makes this possible, and meets the dual requirements of modelling low entropy images well, and allowing rapid probability recomputations under local perturbations. By their close relation to ``standard&apos;&apos; Markov random field models via mean-field theory, albeit with a complex graph, their parameter inference problems are rendered easier by some analogies with classical Curie-Weiss type models. The data assimilation problem leads to an NP-hard problem equivalent to constrained binary quadratic programming, even for simple priors. This gives access to newer discrete optimisation methods like semidefinite programming (SDP). These relaxations provide remarkably good lower bounds on the optimisation, and serve as helpful validation of direct heuristic methods like annealing. Some demonstration problems on seismic AVO inversion illustrate the Gibbsian MPS formulation and its successful optimisation via both SDP and annealing.
Front Cover: Valorisation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Phenolics in the Synthesis of UV Absorbers (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 30/2019) (2019)

The Front Cover shows the earth falling in the shadow of a cashew nut, symbolizing protection of humans, livestock, polymers, or coatings from the harmful UVA and UVB rays of the sun. Collaboration between scientists from South Africa, Malawi, Tanzania, and Germany has resulted in the synthesis of well-defined aromatic and hetereoaromatic compounds, that show good UVA and UVB absorbance. The starting materials, anacardic acid and cardanol, were extracted from cashew nut shells, a waste product of cashew nut farming in Tanzania, and thus present a sustainable alternative to materials derived from the petrochemical industry. Graphics: J. Kühlborn, Graphical elements licensed by Shutterstock. More information can be found in the Full Paper by C. B. de Koning, T. Opatz et al.
The Role of Wnk4 in Polygenic Hypertension (2003)

Linkage analyses in experimental crosses of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats have strongly suggested the presence of quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing blood pressure and ACE levels on rat chromosome 10, which have been confirmed in multiple independent studies. Analysis of the orthologous region on human chromosome 17 also revealed significant linkage to blood pressure in several populations. Wnk4, a gene previously identified to cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare mendelian form of arterial hypertension, is located on human chromosome 17. The hypothesis has been advanced that molecular variants of this gene might contribute to common polygenic forms of hypertension, since Wnk4 is located in a region of conserved synteny that demonstrates an overlap between quantitative trait loci for primary hypertension in humans and rats. In this report, we describe the confirmation of the blood pressure QTL on rat chromosome 10 by congenic approaches, spanning the Wnk4 locus. Comparative analysis of the complete coding sequence of Wnk4 in SHRSP and WKY strains revealed no mutation and demonstrated high conservation between rat and human proteins. Furthermore, comparison of mRNA levels in the kidney showed no differences between SHRSP and WKY. Additionally, we excluded a secondary effect of blood pressure on the transcriptional regulation of Wnk4. Our results fail to support a material contribution of Wnk4 to blood pressure regulation in this model of polygenic hypertension. Thus, Wnk4 is likely not to represent the underlying disease gene for the QTL captured in chromosome 10 congenic animals.
The pef mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana define lesions early in the phytochrome signaling pathway (1996)

In a screen for early-flowering mutants, a number of mutants that were early flowering under both short and long days were isolated. One such mutant, pef1, was selectively insensitive to both red and far-red light in the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation response; a classic phytochrome phenotype mediated by both PHYA and PHYB. The pef1 mutant seedlings could not be phenotypically rescued by biliverdin, a precursor of the phytochrome chromophore, nor did they fail to complement any previously identified elongated hypocotyl (hy) mutants. Difference spectra and Western blot analysis showed normal concentrations of PHYA photoreceptor apoprotein, which appeared photochemically active. It was concluded that the pef1 mutant is defective in both PHYA- and PHYB-mediated signaling pathways, and may represent a lesion in an early step of the phytochrome signal transduction pathway. Additional pef mutants deficient specifically in PHYB-mediated responses were also identified by this screen.
P2‐068: Novel public‐private partnerships facilitating the development and qualification of biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) is the sole entity authorized by the U.S. Congress to raise private funds in support of NIH's mission of improving health through scientific discovery and translational research. Since 1996, FNIH has raised over $500 million towards over 100 projects, including the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and The Biomarkers Consortium (BC). FNIH projects include broad participation from government, industry, academia and patient advocacy and other non-profit private sector organizations. This poster will highlight novel examples of projects that illustrate how biomarker development is being advanced in this collaborative environment. ADNI is a 6 year, $60 million public-private partnership supported by the NIH with pharmaceutical and related industries and not-for-profit organizations providing support through the FNIH. ADNI involves longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging and blood, urine and spinal fluid biomarker studies of more than 800 individuals, half of whom have mild cognitive impairment, a condition placing them at high risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The success of this effort has led to a 5 year extension of this project (ADNI2). Biomarkers Consortium projects: Use of Targeted Multiplex Proteomic Strategies to Identify AD Plasma- and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)-Based Biomarkers. These two separate projects seek to characterize promising biofluid biomarker candidates for Alzheimer's disease using samples from the ADNI study. (1) Comparison of Two PET Radioligands Labeled with 11C or 18F to Quantify the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor. This project is using PET imaging to study a surrogate biomarker of neuroinflammation (translocator protein TSPO) in brains of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD. (2) Placebo Data Analysis in AD and MCI Clinical Trials. This project brings together a large collaborative effort between academic and pharmaceutical partners and addresses the practical challenges which underlie the development of improved cognitive tests for AD and MCI clinical trials by combining placebo data from large clinical trials. The Foundation for NIH, through its unique Congressional mandate, creates and facilitates a variety of novel projects that seek to develop and qualify AD biomarkers.
Grids and network applications---Addressing high performance and grid challenges (2006)

Intel will briefly introduce is new HPC products and upgrades, and future HPC plans and roadmaps and challenges while inviting director of the CERN EGEE Project to demonstrate successful relationship between Intel and this leading scientific organization.
Meshless Analyses of Fracture, Plasticity and Impact (2003)

The governing equations for rate-independent large strain plasticity are formulated in the framework of meshless method. The numerical procedures, including return mapping algorithm, to obtain the solutions of boundary-value problems in computational plasticity are outlined. The crack growth process in elastic-plastic solid under plane strain conditions is analyzed. The large strain plastic response of material under high-speed impact is simulated. Numerical results are presented and discussed.