gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prefix and Suffix Invariant Dynamic Time Warping (2016)

While there exist a plethora of classification algorithms for most data types, there is an increasing acceptance that the unique properties of time series mean that the combination of nearest neighbor classifiers and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is very competitive across a host of domains, from medicine to astronomy to environmental sensors. While there has been significant progress in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of DTW in recent years, in this work we demonstrate that an underappreciated issue can significantly degrade the accuracy of DTW in real-world deployments. This issue has probably escaped the attention of the very active time series research community because of its reliance on static highly contrived benchmark datasets, rather than real world dynamic datasets where the problem tends to manifest itself. In essence, the issue is that DTW's eponymous invariance to warping is only true for the main "body" of the two time series being compared. However, for the "head" and "tail" of the time series, the DTW algorithm affords no warping invariance. The effect of this is that tiny differences at the beginning or end of the time series (which may be either consequential or simply the result of poor "cropping") will tend to contribute disproportionally to the estimated similarity, producing incorrect classifications. In this work, we show that this effect is real, and reduces the performance of the algorithm. We further show that we can fix the issue with a subtle redesign of the DTW algorithm, and that we can learn an appropriate setting for the extra parameter we introduced. We further demonstrate that our generalization is amiable to all the optimizations that make DTW tractable for large datasets.
Effect of Topical Vitamin C on Postoperative Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing Erythema (1998)

Topical L-ascorbic acid, when used in an appropriate vehicle and when initiated at an appropriate postoperative period, may decrease the degree and duration of erythema after cutaneous CO2 laser resurfacing. It is presumed that the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin C is responsible for the clinical changes observed in this study.
Kinetics of intermediate-mediated self-assembly in nanosized materials: A generic model (2010)

We propose in this paper a generic model of a nonstandard aggregation mechanism for self-assembly processes of a class of materials involving the mediation of intermediates consisting of a polydisperse population of nanosized particles. The model accounts for a long induction period in the process. The proposed mechanism also gives insight on future experiments aiming at a more comprehensive picture of the role of self-organization in self-assembly processes.
Effects of monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibodies on in vitro growth of human solid tumor cells. (1987)

To determine whether anti-transferrin (Tf) receptor monoclonal antibodies might be useful in treatment of human solid tumors, in vitro effects of immunoglobulin A (42/6) and immunoglobulin G (B3/25) anti-Tf receptor antibodies on human solid tumor growth were examined. In colony and liquid cultures containing 10% serum, B3/25 did not inhibit growth of melanoma or ovarian carcinoma cell lines. 42/6 caused modest dose-dependent inhibition in colony cultures (maximum inhibition approximately 50%), and slowed growth of melanoma, ovarian carcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma cells in liquid culture. Inhibition was more pronounced in low (1%) serum, and was abrogated by 200 micrograms/ml iron-saturated Tf or 50 microM ferric nitriloacetate. All cells displayed high affinity Tf receptors (4-20 X 10(4)/cell). Cells grown in 1% serum and epidermoid carcinoma cells displayed more receptors, and susceptibility to 42/6 inhibition appeared related to higher receptor number. After culture with anti-Tf receptor antibodies, solid tumor cells showed a 57-93% reduction in surface Tf-binding sites. Tf uptake by cells grown for 24 h in B3/25 was approximately 50% of control, but was reduced to less than 10% of control with 42/6. Immunofluorescence staining of melanoma and HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells suggested greater heterogeneity of Tf receptor display on melanoma than on leukemia cells. Previous studies showed 42/6 completely blocked blood cell Tf internalization and is a potent inhibitor of hemopoietic cell growth. In contrast, in solid tumor cells, inhibition of Tf uptake and growth inhibition are subtotal. Solid tumor resistance to 42/6 may be due in part to greater heterogeneity of Tf receptor display by proliferating cells. However, responses to iron-saturated Tf and ferric nitriloacetate in the presence of 42/6 also differ in hemopoietic and solid tumor cells, suggesting possible differences in Tf processing or iron growth requirements.
Performance of a hybrid electric vehicle using reluctance synchronous machine technology (2001)

The performance of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a small reluctance synchronous machine drive is presented. The machine is current-angle controlled for maximum torque per ampere or minimum kVA. This ensures that the machine is operated reasonably close to optimal efficiency for all loads. The calculated and measured performance results of the reluctance synchronous machine drive and the electric vehicle are given. The 28 kW peak reluctance synchronous machine is used to drive the rear wheels of a small delivery vehicle through a differential. The conventional petrol-engine-propelled front drive is kept standard. Simulation and measured results show that, with the small reluctance synchronous machine drive generating a peak torque of 150 Nm, the 1480 kg vehicle accelerates from 0 to 60 km/h in 19 s. The maximum range of the HEV on a single battery charge is measured as 90 km at 60 km/h.
Regulation of gene expression by miR-144/451 during mouse erythropoiesis (2019)

The microRNA (miRNA) locus miR-144/451 is abundantly expressed in erythrocyte precursors, facilitating their terminal maturation and protecting against oxidant stress. However, the full repertoire of erythroid miR-144/451 target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and associated cellular pathways is unknown. In general, the numbers of mRNAs predicted to be targeted by an miRNA vary greatly from hundreds to thousands, and are dependent on experimental approaches. To comprehensively and accurately identify erythroid miR-144/451 target mRNAs, we compared gene knockout and wild-type fetal liver erythroblasts by RNA sequencing, quantitative proteomics, and RNA immunoprecipitation of Argonaute (Ago), a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex that binds miRNAs complexed to their target mRNAs. Argonaute bound ∼1400 erythroblast mRNAs in a miR-144/451-dependent manner, accounting for one-third of all Ago-bound mRNAs. However, only ∼100 mRNAs were stabilized after miR-144/451 loss. Thus, miR-144 and miR-451 deregulate <10% of mRNAs that they bind, a characteristic that likely applies generally to other miRNAs. Using stringent selection criteria, we identified 53 novel miR-144/451 target mRNAs. One of these, <i>Cox10</i>, facilitates the assembly of mitochondrial electron transport complex IV. Loss of miR-144/451 caused increased <i>Cox10</i> mRNA and protein, accumulation of complex IV, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential with no change in mitochondrial mass. Thus, miR-144/451 represses mitochondrial respiration during erythropoiesis by inhibiting the production of Cox10.
Sp1 Is a Critical Regulator of the Wilms' tumor-1 Gene (1997)

We performed deletion analysis of WT1-reporter constructs containing up to 24 kilobases of 5'-flanking and first intron WT1 sequence in stably transfected cultured cells as an unbiased approach to identify cis elements critical for WT1 transcription. Although not a tissue-specific element, a proximate 9-base pair CTC repeat accounted for approximately 80% of WT1 transcription in this assay. Enhancer activity of the element and mutated versions correlated completely with their ability to form a DNA-protein complex in gel shifts. Antibody supershift, oligonucleotide competition, and Southwestern studies indicated that the CTC-binding factor is the transcriptional activator Sp1. Sp1 binds the CTC repeat with an affinity, KD = 0.37 nM, at least as high as the consensus GC box. Similar CTC repeats are found in promoters of other growth-related genes. Because Sp1 is important for WT1 expression, we examined Sp1 immunohistochemistry in fetal and adult kidney. In a pattern that precedes that of WT1 message, Sp1 immunostaining was highest in uninduced mesenchyme, early tubules, developing podocytes, and mature glomeruli, but was minimal in mature proximal tubules. This work suggests abundant Sp1 may be a prerequisite for WT1 expression, and that Sp1 may have a wider role in nephrogenesis.
Enhancement of Processability of Rice Husk Filled High-density Polyethylene Composite Profiles (2005)

The effect of coupling agent and processing aid on the performance properties of rice husk filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was studied. Composite profiles of HDPE filled with 65% rice husk were extruded using a single screw extruder with die dimensions of 3 8 mm. Processability and performance properties of the composites were highly dependent on the concentration of the coupling agent and processing aid in the composite formulation. Attempt was made to optimize the composite formulation with respect to both coupling agent and processing aid to attain optimum mechanical and water absorption properties with an optimum extrusion rate. Incorporation of a terpolymer (ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride) based coupling agent enhanced the properties of the composites with a significant reduction in the extrusion rate. Addition of processing aid enhanced the extrusion rate and showed a negative impact on the performance properties. Composites with a coupling agent to processing aid ratio of 0.73: 0.59 by weight showed an optimum combination of performance properties and extrusion rate.
Impulse UWB antenna size reduction due to transmitter-antenna co-design (2008)

In this paper, the benefit of a co-design between a modified small-size printed tapered monopole antenna (PTMA) and an impulse ultra wideband transmitter is investigated for the 3.1-10.6 GHz band. A comparison is given between a 50 Omega design and a co-designed version. The simulation results show that with the co-design method the tunable UWB transmitter can reach the bandwidth regulation for a much smaller antenna.
Pentacoordinated germanium in AST zeolite synthesised in fluoride media. A 19F NMR validated computational study (2005)

A computational study shows that Ge is pentacoordinated in the double four rings (D4R) of Si/Ge AST zeolites; the calculated chemical shifts of F-D4R containing 8Si, 7Si1Ge and 8Ge reproduce the trends of 19F NMR experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Sodium Clusters with Oxygen Molecules. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Two-Period Open-Label, Single-Dose Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Drug–Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine and Inhaled Extrafine CHF 5993 (2016)

Overall, this study indicates that there is no clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between CHF 5993 and cimetidine.
Sequential DNA immunization of chickens with bivalent heterologous vaccines induce highly reactive and cross-specific antibodies against influenza hemagglutinin (2018)

Vaccines against avian influenza are mostly based on hemagglutinin (HA), which is the main antigen of this virus and a target for neutralizing antibodies. Traditional vaccines are known to be poorly efficient against newly emerging strains, which is an increasing worldwide problem for human health and for the poultry industry. As demonstrated by research and clinical data, sequential exposure to divergent influenza HAs can boost induction of universal antibodies which recognize conserved epitopes. In this work, we have performed sequential immunization of laying hens using monovalent or bivalent compositions of DNA vaccines encoding HAs from distant groups 1 and 2 (H5, H1, and H3 subtypes, respectively). This strategy gave promising results, as it led to induction of polyclonal antibodies against HAs from both groups. These polyclonal antibodies showed cross-reactivity between different HA strains in ELISA, especially when bivalent formulations were used for immunization of birds. However, cross-reactivity of antibodies induced against H3 and H5 HA subtypes was rather limited against each other after homologous immunization. Using a cocktail of HA sequences and/or sequential DNA vaccination with different strains presents a good strategy to overcome the limited effectiveness of vaccines and induce broader immunity against avian influenza. Such a strategy could be adapted for vaccinating laying hens or parental flocks of different groups of poultry.
Five Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G (2013)

New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future 5th generation (5G) cellular networks. This paper describes five technologies that could lead to both architectural and component disruptive design changes: device-centric architectures, millimeter Wave, Massive-MIMO, smarter devices, and native support to machine-2-machine. The key ideas for each technology are described, along with their potential impact on 5G and the research challenges that remain.
Thoracic EIT in 3D: experiences and recommendations (2019)

Based on the results, we recommend EIT electrode planes separated by less than half of the minimum thoracic dimension with a 'skip 4' pattern and 'square' placement to produce images with good slice selectivity.
Data from Dysregulated Lipid Synthesis by Oncogenic IDH1 Mutation Is a Targetable Synthetic Lethal Vulnerability (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH) are mutated in multiple cancers and drive production of (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). We identified a lipid synthesis enzyme [acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1)] as a synthetic lethal target in mutant IDH1 (mIDH1), but not mIDH2, cancers. Here, we analyzed the metabolome of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and identified an mIDH1-specific reduction in fatty acids. mIDH1 also induced a switch to b-oxidation indicating reprogramming of metabolism toward a reliance on fatty acids. Compared with mIDH2, mIDH1 AML displayed depletion of NADPH with defective reductive carboxylation that was not rescued by the mIDH1-specific inhibitor ivosidenib. In xenograft models, a lipid-free diet markedly slowed the growth of mIDH1 AML, but not healthy CD34&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells or mIDH2 AML. Genetic and pharmacologic targeting of ACC1 resulted in the growth inhibition of mIDH1 cancers not reversible by ivosidenib. Critically, the pharmacologic targeting of ACC1 improved the sensitivity of mIDH1 AML to venetoclax.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Oncogenic mutations in both IDH1 and IDH2 produce 2-hydroxyglutarate and are generally considered equivalent in terms of pathogenesis and targeting. Using comprehensive metabolomic analysis, we demonstrate unexpected metabolic differences in fatty acid metabolism between mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in patient samples with targetable metabolic interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-1325" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Robinson and Levine, p. 266&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-2-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Using Structural Equation Modeling to Understand Interactions Between Bacterial and Archaeal Populations and Volatile Fatty Acid Proportions in the Rumen (2021)

Microbial syntrophy (obligate metabolic mutualism) is the hallmark of energy-constrained anaerobic microbial ecosystems. For example, methanogenic archaea and fermenting bacteria coexist by interspecies hydrogen transfer in the complex microbial ecosystem in the foregut of ruminants; however, these synergistic interactions between different microbes in the rumen are seldom investigated. We hypothesized that certain bacteria and archaea interact and form specific microbial cohorts in the rumen. To this end, we examined the total (DNA-based) and potentially metabolically active (cDNA-based) bacterial and archaeal communities in rumen samples of dairy cows collected at different times in a 24 h period. Notably, we found the presence of distinct bacterial and archaeal networks showing potential metabolic interactions that were correlated with molar proportions of specific volatile fatty acids (VFAs). We employed hypothesis-driven structural equation modeling to test the significance of and to quantify the extent of these relationships between bacteria-archaea-VFAs in the rumen. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these distinct microbial networks were host-specific and differed between cows indicating a natural variation in specific microbial networks in the rumen of dairy cows. This study provides new insights on potential microbial metabolic interactions in anoxic environments that have broader applications in methane mitigation, energy conservation, and agricultural production.
Harmonic quadrature demodulation for extracting the envelope of the second harmonic component (2008)

An efficient method for separating the harmonic component (2f0) from the fundamental component (f0) using harmonic quadrature demodulation is presented. In the proposed method, the focused ultrasound signal is mixed with cosine and sine signal waveforms of harmonic frequency 2f0 to produce the inphase and quadrature components, respectively. The quadrature component is Hilbert-transformed and then added to the inphase component. This process cancels out both the high and low frequency components of the mixed fundamental signal and the high frequency component of the mixed harmonic signal, leaving only the envelope of the harmonic signal at the base band. This signal is then fed to a low-pass filter to remove out of band noise. In summary, this method can extract the harmonic signal after a single transmit-receive event even when there exists frequency overlap between the f0 and 2f0 components. Hence, the proposed method is superior to the pulse inversion method which requires twice as many transmit-receive cycles as well as the conventional filtering method which has a bandwidth limitation. Therefore, one can find the proposed method useful not only for tissue harmonic imaging but also for contrast agent imaging in applications where high frame rate or low motion artifact is important. The proposed method is verified by both the analytic and computer simulation studies. For a stationary target, the difference between the estimated harmonic signals by the proposed and the pulse inversion methods is within 0.1%.
ChemInform Abstract: Allosteric Modulators of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
All-optical automatic pollen identification: Towards an operational system (2016)

We present results from the development and validation campaign of an optical pollen monitoring method based on time-resolved scattering and fluorescence. Focus is first set on supervised learning algorithms for pollen-taxa identification and on the determination of aerosol properties (particle size and shape). The identification capability provides a basis for a pre-operational automatic pollen season monitoring performed in parallel to manual reference measurements (Hirst-type volumetric samplers). Airborne concentrations obtained from the automatic system are compatible with those from the manual method regarding total pollen and the automatic device provides real-time data reliably (one week interruption over five months). In addition, although the calibration dataset still needs to be completed, we are able to follow the grass pollen season. The high sampling from the automatic device allows to go beyond the commonly-presented daily values and we obtain statistically significant hourly concentrations. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges for obtaining an operational automatic monitoring system and how the generic validation environment developed for the present campaign could be used for further tests of automatic pollen monitoring devices.
Automatically detecting bregma and lambda points in rodent skull anatomy images (2020)

Currently, injection sites of probes, cannula, and optic fibers in stereotactic neurosurgery are typically located manually. This step involves location estimations based on human experiences and thus introduces errors. In order to reduce localization error and improve repeatability of experiments and treatments, we investigate an automated method to locate injection sites. This paper proposes a localization framework, which integrates a region-based convolutional network and a fully convolutional network, to locate specific anatomical points on skulls of rodents. Experiment results show that the proposed localization framework is capable of identifying and locatin bregma and lambda in rodent skull anatomy images with mean errors less than 300 μm. This method is robust to different lighting conditions and mouse orientations, and has the potential to simplify the procedure of locating injection sites.
B Cells Behaving Badly: A Better Basis to Behold Belligerence in B-Cell Lymphomas (2011)

A plethora of genetic abnormalities has been described in B-cell lymphomas, some of which arise when physiologic mechanisms involved in the generation of immunologic diversity go awry. Several different lymphoma types, such as follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), are associated with hallmark translocations that occur as a consequence of these errors (t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(11;14)(q13;q32), and t(8;14)(q24;q32), respectively); however, none of these associations is absolute and none is completely diagnostically specific or sensitive. The advantages and limitations of a variety of different testing strategies in the 2 most common lymphomas, FL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), are reviewed herein, including an evaluation of the role of PCR-based approaches, FISH, and more nascent genomic technologies. The use of immunophenotypic strategies that may potentially provide, albeit imperfectly, more user-friendly surrogates for underlying genetic aberrations and cell-of-origin designations derived from gene-expression profiling analyses are also discussed. Finally, a newly designated category of lymphoma with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL is appraised, highlighting the central role of genetic analysis in this diagnostic gray zone.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME DIAZA AND TRIAZASTERIODIC COMPOUNDS. (DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF DIAZOLINE‐ AND TRIAZOLINE‐DIONES. DIAZA AND TRIAZA CYCLOPENTENOPHENANTHRENE DERIVATIVES) (1978)

Abstract Triazolindion (II) wird aus dem entsprechenden Triazolidindion (I) mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit hergestellt und mit den Vinylverbindungen (III) bzw. (VIa) und (VIb) in entsprechende Addukte (IV) bzw. (VII) übergeführt, die zu den Triaza‐steroiden (V) bzw. (VIIIa) und (VIIIb) hydriert werden.