gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil contribution to the crescentic glomerulonephritis in SCG/Kj mice (2004)

These findings indicate that neutrophils are activated and contribute to the development of the active crescentic lesion in SCG/Kj mice.
Frustration and distress during treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. (2018)

47 Background: Treatment strategies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) have improved over the past 15 years. Durable responses are now achievable, giving rise to the possibility of cure in a small proportion of this population. However, it is not clear how patients are coping with more protracted courses of treatment. We sought to determine sources of frustration among patients diagnosed with aRCC. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data derived from an online survey distributed via social media from April to June, 2017. We assessed source of frustration using an open-ended question: “In your own words, what has frustrated you most about your medical care related to your diagnosis?”. We assessed distress using the Distress Thermometer. Qualitative content analysis was performed to characterize responses related to frustration. Descriptive statistics was generated and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and sources of frustration. Results: We enrolled 217 patients with aRCC. The majority were male (52.3%), and white (93.5%). Clear cell histology (84.2%) was the most common diagnosis. Patients reported high levels of distress (M = 6.4; SD = 2.8). Sources of frustration were documented in 71.9% of patients, and were most commonly related to distrust of the cancer care system (12.4%), fear of progression (11.5%), lack of information (11.1%), financial concerns (9.7%), communication between patient and physician (7.8%), treatment side effects (4.6%), lack of available research (4.1%), mistrust of physician’s knowledge (4.1%), and access to supportive care (2.8%). Higher levels of frustration were associated with higher levels of distress (P = 0.01). Patients with non-clear cell RCC more commonly reported an emotional source of frustration (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Patients with aRCC report high levels of distress and frustration with their diagnosis and treatment. The most frequent drivers of frustration can suggest opportunities to maximize support to patients and their families. A better understanding of their disease and prognosis, addressing financial concerns and offering psychosocial support may alleviate frustration amongst patients with aRCC.
Nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Reversibility of the reductant-independent MgATP-cleavage reaction is shown by MgADP-catalysed phosphate/water oxygen exchange (1991)

The steady-state kinetics of reductant-independent ATP hydrolysis by Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase at 23 degrees C at pH 7.4 were determined as a function of component protein ratio (optimal at an oxidized Fe protein/MoFe protein ratio of 3:1) and MgATP concentration (Km 400 microM). Competitive inhibition was observed for MgADP (Ki 145 microM), [beta gamma-methylene]ATP (Mgp[CH2]ppA) (Ki 115 microM), [beta gamma-monofluoromethylene]ATP (Mgp[CHF]ppA) (Ki 53 microM) and [beta gamma-difluoromethylene]ATP (Mgp[CF2]ppA) (Ki 160 microM). The tighter binding of MgADP to free oxidized Fe protein (KD less than 10 microM) than to the oxidized Fe protein-MoFe protein complex (Ki 145 microM) is proposed as the driving force that induces rate-limiting protein dissociation in the catalytic cycle of nitrogenase. The reversible nature of the reductant-independent MgATP-cleavage reaction was demonstrated by an MgADP-induced enhancement of the rate of the phosphate/water oxygen exchange reaction with 18O-labelled phosphate ion. This enhancement, like the reductant-independent ATPase reaction, only occurred with the complex formed by oxidized Fe protein and MoFe protein and not with the individual proteins. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by nitrogenase and other systems involving protein-protein interactions.
Modeling and optimization of a semiregenerative catalytic naphtha reformer (1997)

Abstract Modeling and optimization of a semiregenerative catalytic naphtha reformer has been carried out considering most of its key constituent units. A detailed kinetic scheme involving 35 pseudocomponents connected by a network of 36 reactions in the C 5 –C 10 range was modeled using Hougen‐Watson Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐type reaction‐rate expressions. Deactivation of the catalyst was modeled by including the corresponding equations for coking kinetics. The overall kinetic model was parameterized by bench‐marking against industrial plant data using a feed‐characterization procedure developed to infer the composition of the chemical species in the feed and reformate from their measured ASTM distillation data. For the initial optimization studies, a constant reactor inlet temperature configuration that would lead to optimum operation over the entire catalyst life cycle was identified. The analysis was extended to study the time‐optimal control profiles of decision variables over the run length. In addition, the constant octane case was also studied. The improvement in the objective function achieved in each case was determined. Finally, the sensitivity of the optimal results to uncertainty in reactor‐model parameters was evaluated.
The relationship between homocysteine, oxidative stress, and cognition in mild cognitive impairment (2021)

Abstract Background Homocysteine (Hcy) generates reactive oxygen species and has been associated with cardiovascular disease and impaired cognition. While the relationship between Hcy and cognition has been extensively studied in other disorders, it has not been well characterized in mild vascular cognitive impairment (mVCI). Due to Hcy’s effect on vasculature and increased oxidative stress burden, individuals with elevated Hcy may be at greater risk of developing vascular dementia (VaD). This study investigated the relationship between Hcy, oxidative stress, and cognition. Method Participants were mVCI patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Cognition was assessed via National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS‐CSN) recommended battery, and blood was analyzed for Hcy and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), which modulates reactive oxygen species. Statistical analyses were performed using linear regression models in SPSS 26. Result There are 26 participants (73% male, 69% Caucasian, mean (SD) age=68.1 (7.2), years of education=15.7 (3.3)) with cardiovascular risk factors (62% hypertensive, 65% dyslipidemia, 31% diabetic, BMI=29.8 (5.1)) enrolled in the study to date. Mean plasma Hcy concentration was 13.4 μmol/L, with 9 participants classified as elevated (≥15 μmol/L). In preliminary analyses, plasma Hcy (stand. β=0.09, p=0.65) did not significantly predict executive function (F(2,23)=0.77, p=0.47) or verbal memory (F(2,23) =1.62, p=0.22). Hcy (stand. β = 0.684, p=0.013) significantly predicted GST activity (F(2,11) = 4.542, p=0.013, adj. R 2 = 0.353), with a medium effect size. Conclusion Findings suggest that increased Hcy may be associated with compensatory increased GST activity in mVCI. A larger sample size will allow further analysis of cognition with additional covariates in this at‐risk population with increased oxidative stress.
One-Portion Synthesis of 2-Acetoxy Carbonyl Compounds from Aldehydes by Using an Acetylated Masked Acyl Cyanide (2009)

α-Acetoxy esters or amides were synthesized directly and in one portion from aldehydes and alcohols or amines by one-carbon homologation using a masked acyl cyanide reagent bearing an acetyl group.
Severe Peripheral Arterial Disease During Nilotinib Therapy (2011)

(36.4%) had a history of nicotine abuse, seven (63.6%) had arterial hypertension, three (27.3%) had diabetes mellitus, five (45.5%) had dyslipidemia, three (27.3%) were obese, six (54.5%) were male, and seven (63.6%) were older than 60 years (all cardiovascular risk factors). All 11 PAD patients had at least a cytogenetic remission while on nilotinib. One patient with hyper eosinophilic syndrome and one patient with CML received nilotinib as first-line treatment. Previous treatments for the remaining patients were hydroxyurea (nine patients), interferon alpha (seven patients), imatinib (nine patients), dasatinib (one patient), or another agent (four patients). In these 11 patients, the mean time from CML diagnosis to initiation of nilotinib was 347 weeks (range = 8–651 weeks) and the mean time from initiation of nilotinib to the first PAD event was 105.1 weeks (range = 16–212 weeks) (Table 1). In all cases, the lower limbs were affected; in nine patients, the femoral superficial artery was involved. These patients were treated with angioplasty (eight patients), stent implantation (eight patients), and/or amputation (four patients).
The rise and fall of bone marrow plasma cells after influenza vaccination (2020)

A recent report by Davis et al. shows that following vaccination, B-cell activation results in the emergence of a population of antibody-secreting cells (plasmablasts - PBs) in blood and a population of plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow, which likely originate from the day 7 PBs. However, these newly arrived PCs do not become long-lived and their abundance decreases by 1 year post-vaccination.
Application of the in-situ dyeing effect for an image reversal resist (1990)

The dyeing effect observed at an image reversal resist, are explained using tTh-Vis spectropbotanetry , and on that basis, the canputations of A , B, C and y values used in SAMPLE simulations prove the lithographic properties of this technique.
Determinants or productivity growth: Science and technology policies and the contribution of R&D (2011)

This paper provides an update of the paper From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do the Institutional Settings and the Source of Funds of R&D Matter? (Guellec and van Pottelsberghe 2004). We present estimates of the long-term impact of various sources of knowledge (R&D performed by the business sector, the public sector (higher education and government) and abroad) on the multifactor productivity growth of 17 major OECD countries from 1988 to 2006. The results confirm that business R&D and the R&D performed by the higher education sector significantly contribute to growht. In addition, the extent to which countries rely on triadic patents, as well as their degree of patent friendliness (enforcement mechanism and number of restrictions) affect significantly the extent to which R&D contributes to growth.
Calibrating SPHERE, the exo-planet imager for the VLT (2009)

One of the main challenges to obtain the contrast of &gt;15mag targeted by an extra-solar planet imager like SPHERE lies in the calibration of all the different elements participating in the final performance. Starting with the calibration of the AO system and its three embedded loops, the calibration of the non-common path aberrations, the calibration of the NIR dual band imager, the NIR integral field spectrograph, the NIR spectrograph, the visible high accuracy polarimeter and the visible imager all require sophisticated calibration procedures. The calibration process requires a specific extensive calibration unit that provides the different sources across the spectrum (500-2320nm) with the stabilities and precisions required. This article addresses the challenges met by the hardware and the instrument software used for the calibration of SPHERE.
[Protection against laryngotracheobronchial obstruction and anaphylaxis with ketotifen and DSCG (disodium chromoglycate) in patients with food allergy]. (1989)

The authors studied in 30 allergic children to foods the protection of fall of spirometric flow (FEV1) after food challenge, caused by ketotifen and DSCG. The first showed a greater number of total protection = 60% in comparison with DSCG = 53.3%. The supply of both drugs at the same time showed a great amplification of protective action: total protection 73.3%, partial 20%; amount of two protections = 93.3%.
Complement regulation at the molecular level: The structure of decay-accelerating factor (2004)

The human complement regulator CD55 is a key molecule protecting self-cells from complement-mediated lysis. X-ray diffraction and analytical ultracentrifugation data reveal a rod-like arrangement of four short consensus repeat (SCR) domains in both the crystal and solution. The stalk linking the four SCR domains to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor is extended by the addition of 11 highly charged O-glycans and positions the domains an estimated 177 A above the membrane. Mutation mapping and hydrophobic potential analysis suggest that the interaction with the convertase, and thus complement regulation, depends on the burial of a hydrophobic patch centered on the linker between SCR domains 2 and 3.
Gold(III) Chloride (2015)

[13453-07-1] AuCl3 (MW 303.32) InChI = 1S/Au.3ClH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 InChIKey = RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K (reagent is used as an oxidant and as a mild d8 metal catalyst for ring-forming reactions and Michael additions) Physical Data: mp 254 °C (dec). Solubility: soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and acetonitrile. Form Supplied in: orange/red crystalline solid; widely available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: elemental analysis: calcd Au 64.94%; Cl 35.06%. Preparative Methods: previously prepared from metallic gold and iodine monochloride2 or by heating gold with SO2Cl2 at 160 °C.3 More recent preparations employ a direct route from the two elements,4 or from reaction of commercially available HAuCl4·x(H2O) with thionyl chloride followed by the removal of the SOCl2 in vacuo.5 Purity: the hydrate which forms on air exposure can be treated with refluxing thionyl chloride followed by removal of the dehydrating agent in vacuo to provide crystals of pure AuCl3. The compound can be further purified by sublimation.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: gold(III) chloride is an eye, skin, and respiratory irritant. Consequently, proper protective equipment should be used and operations involving this reagent should be conducted within a well-ventilated fume hood. The compound is hygroscopic and light sensitive. Accordingly AuCl3 should be stored in a dark, cool environment in a tightly closed opaque container. Incompatible materials include sources of ammonia as well as strong oxidizing agents as these could lead to formation of explosive/fulminating gold or a fire/explosion hazard, respectively.
Uncovering transcriptional interactions via an adaptive fuzzy logic approach (2009)

AdaFuzzy successfully integrates multiple types of data (sequence, ChIP, and microarray) to predict transcriptional regulatory networks. The validated success in the prediction results implies that AdaFuzzy can be applied to uncover TIs in yeast.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FERROCENOPHANES BY CYCLIZATION OF DINITRILES (1975)

Auf den beschriebenen Wegen werden die 1,1-Bis:(ω-cyanoalkyl)-ferrocene (IVa) bis (IVd) synthetisiert.
Partitioning of nitrogenous species in the fuel-rich state of reburning (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartitioning of nitrogenous species in the fuel-rich state of reburningThomas E. Burch, Franz R. Tillman, Wei Yin Chen, Thomas W. Lester, Rodger B. Conway, and Arthur M. SterlingCite this: Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 2, 231–237Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00026a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (866 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Long-term atomoxetine-oxybutynin combination use may be beneficial for the prevention of obstructive sleep apnea (2021)

One recent study showed that atomoxetine-oxybutynin combination (AOC) use is effective in reducing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. We used a nationwide database to examine the association between AOC use and the risk of OSA incidence. This retrospective cohort study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between the years 2000 and 2015. The patients who used atomoxetine or oxybutynin were included as an exposed cohort. The exposed and unexposed groups were selected in a ratio of 1:3 with sex, age, and index year matching. We used the multivariate Cox proportional regression model to evaluate the association between AOC use and the risk of an incident diagnosis of OSA. The incidence rates of OSA in the exposed cohort (N = 8940) and the unexposed cohort (N = 26,820), were 21.92 and 22.93 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio of oxybutynin use only and AOC with a treatment duration of ≥ 366 days were 0.307 (95% CI 0.204-0.995, P = 0.045) and 0.299 (95% CI 0.102-0.933, P = 0.002), respectively. Long-term atomoxetine-oxybutynin combination therapy may be beneficial to reduce the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Further studies to examine these mechanisms are warranted.
Language to Action: Towards Interactive Task Learning with Physical Agents (2018)

Language communication plays an important role in human learning and knowledge acquisition. With the emergence of a new generation of cognitive robots, empowering these robots to learn directly from human partners becomes increasingly important. This paper gives a brief introduction to interactive task learning where humans can teach physical agents new tasks through natural language communication and action demonstration. It discusses research challenges and opportunities in language and communication grounding that are critical in this process. It further highlights the importance of commonsense knowledge, particularly the very basic physical causality knowledge, in grounding language to perception and action.
FedDUAP: Federated Learning with Dynamic Update and Adaptive Pruning Using Shared Data on the Server (2022)

Despite achieving remarkable performance, Federated Learning (FL) suffers from two critical challenges, i.e., limited computational resources and low training efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel FL framework, i.e., FedDUAP, with two original contributions, to exploit the insensitive data on the server and the decentralized data in edge devices to further improve the training efficiency. First, a dynamic server update algorithm is designed to exploit the insensitive data on the server, in order to dynamically determine the optimal steps of the server update for improving the convergence and accuracy of the global model. Second, a layer-adaptive model pruning method is developed to perform unique pruning operations adapted to the different dimensions and importance of multiple layers, to achieve a good balance between efficiency and effectiveness. By integrating the two original techniques together, our proposed FL model, FedDUAP, significantly outperforms baseline approaches in terms of accuracy (up to 4.8% higher), efficiency (up to 2.8 times faster), and computational cost (up to 61.9% smaller).
An Artificial Intelligence System for Estimating and Compensating Manufacturing Process Errors in CNC Machining (1995)

SummaryThe existing in-process measuring or in-cycle gauging systems applied in CNC machine tools use a 100% error feedback technique. This feedback method ignores the manufacturing environmental effects on the machine and does not compensate the inherent geometrical errors of the machine tool. In this paper, an artificial intelligence system using a linguistic rule-based fuzzy controller combined with a multi-layer neural network to estimate and compensate manufacturing process errors in CNC machining is proposed.
Passive Mitigation of Load Debris in a Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line (2005)

The Z driver at Sandia National Laboratories delivers one to two megajoules of electromagnetic energy inside its ~10 cm radius final feed in 100 ns. The high current (~20 MA) at small diameter produces magnetic pressures well above yield strengths for metals. The metal conductors stay in place due to inertia long enough to deliver current to the load. Within milliseconds however, fragments of metal escape the load region at high velocity. Much of the hardware and diagnostics inside the vacuum chamber is protected from this debris by blast shields with small view ports, and fast-closing valves. The water-vacuum insulator requires different protection because the transmission line debris shield should not significantly raise the inductance or perturb the self- magnetically insulated electron flow. This report shows calculations and results from a design intended to protect the insulator assembly.
Relating hearing loss and executive functions to hearing aid users' preference for, and speech recognition with, different combinations of binaural noise reduction and microphone directionality (2014)

Knowledge of how executive functions relate to preferred hearing aid (HA) processing is sparse and seemingly inconsistent with related knowledge for speech recognition outcomes. This study thus aimed to find out if (1) performance on a measure of reading span (RS) is related to preferred binaural noise reduction (NR) strength, (2) similar relations exist for two different, non-verbal measures of executive function, (3) pure-tone average hearing loss (PTA), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and microphone directionality (DIR) also influence preferred NR strength, and (4) preference and speech recognition outcomes are similar. Sixty elderly HA users took part. Six HA conditions consisting of omnidirectional or cardioid microphones followed by inactive, moderate, or strong binaural NR as well as linear amplification were tested. Outcome was assessed at fixed SNRs using headphone simulations of a frontal target talker in a busy cafeteria. Analyses showed positive effects of active NR and DIR on preference, and negative and positive effects of, respectively, strong NR and DIR on speech recognition. Also, while moderate NR was the most preferred NR setting overall, preference for strong NR increased with SNR. No relation between RS and preference was found. However, larger PTA was related to weaker preference for inactive NR and stronger preference for strong NR for both microphone modes. Equivalent (but weaker) relations between worse performance on one non-verbal measure of executive function and the HA conditions without DIR were found. For speech recognition, there were relations between HA condition, PTA, and RS, but their pattern differed from that for preference. Altogether, these results indicate that, while moderate NR works well in general, a notable proportion of HA users prefer stronger NR. Furthermore, PTA and executive functions can account for some of the variability in preference for, and speech recognition with, different binaural NR and DIR settings.