gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Characterization and Expression of Cationic Peroxidase Isozymes Released into the Medium of Cultured Tobacco Cells (1995)

Three glycoproteins of 34, 38 and 40 kDa were isolated from the spent medium of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. The 38-kDa and 40-kDa proteins were highly cationic peroxidases with indistinguishable enzymic properties but their structural difference was confirmed by sequence analysis of the amino-terminal regions and the recognition specificity of monoclonal antibodies. The 34-kDa protein was a moderately cationic peroxidase with enzymic properties quite different from those of the 38-kDa and 40-kDa enzymes. They were undetectable in the spent medium during the cell-proliferation phase but became abundant in the medium during the cell-expansion phase. This was confirmed quantitatively with the 40-kDa protein using the 40-kDa-specific monoclonal antibody. The mRNA expression for 40-kDa protein was at a constant basal level in the cell-proliferation phase but increased in the cell-expansion phase.
Hand gesture recognition based on Wi-Fi chipsets (2017)

Hand gesture recognition (HGR) based on radar technology is becoming a hot topic recently. In this paper, we utilize a regular Wi-Fi transceiver chipset to construct a coherent radar sensor. The direct conversion and digital baseband signal processing technologies are used to detect hand motions with specific signatures. Experiments based on a dual-channel receiver aiming to detect two-dimensional motions are conducted, and the results show promising potentials in HGR applications.
Chemical-genetic interaction mapping links carbon metabolism and cell wall structure to tuberculosis drug efficacy (2021)

Abstract Current chemotherapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), an important human pathogen, requires a multidrug regimen lasting several months. While efforts have been made to optimize therapy by exploiting drug-drug synergies, testing new drug combinations in relevant host environments remains arduous. In particular, host environments profoundly affect the bacterial metabolic state and drug efficacy, limiting the accuracy of predictions based on in vitro assays alone. In this study, we utilize conditional Mtb knockdown mutants of essential genes as an experimentally-tractable surrogate for drug treatment, and probe the relationship between Mtb carbon metabolism and chemical-genetic interactions (CGI). We examined the anti-tubercular drugs isoniazid, rifampicin and moxifloxacin, and found that CGI are differentially responsive to the metabolic state, defining both environment-independent and –dependent interactions. Specifically, growth on the in vivo -relevant carbon source, cholesterol, reduced rifampicin efficacy by altering mycobacterial cell surface lipid composition. We report that a variety of perturbations in cell wall synthesis pathways restore rifampicin efficacy during growth on cholesterol, and that both environment-independent and cholesterol-dependent in vitro CGI could be leveraged to enhance bacterial clearance in the mouse infection model. Our findings present an atlas of novel chemical-genetic-environmental interactions that can be used to optimize drug-drug interactions as well as provide a framework for understanding in vitro correlates of in vivo efficacy. Significance Efforts to improve tuberculosis therapy include optimizing multi-drug regimens to take advantage of drug-drug synergies. However, the complex host environment has a profound effect on bacterial metabolic state and drug activity, making predictions of optimal drug combinations difficult. In this study, we leverage a newly developed library of conditional knockdown Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants in which genetic depletion of essential genes mimics the effect of drug therapy. This tractable system allowed us to assess the effect of growth condition on predicted drug-drug interactions. We found that these interactions can be differentially sensitive to the metabolic state and select in vitro -defined interactions can be leveraged to accelerate bacterial killing during infection. These findings suggest new strategies for optimizing tuberculosis therapy.
Structure and Performance Characteristics of Saturated Iron-core Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (2014)

AbstractSuperconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is a kind of short-circuit current limiting device for power grid. It's a new application of superconducting technology on power equipments. Saturated Iron-core Superconducting fault current limiter (SISFCL) is one of many types of SFCL. It takes the advantage that no quenching occurs in superconducting wires during fault current limiting process. The immediately reacting and fast recovering are also its main characteristics. The structure and function of SISFCL is similar to that of traditional transformer and current limiting reactor respectively. Based on mature technologies on design and manufacture of iron core and windings of transformers, SISFCL could be made at the same voltage level as traditional transformers. But there are also significant differences between them. SISFCL will offer an effective solution to limit short-circuit current in future HV or EHV power systems because of its peculiar structures and properties. In this paper, we introduce the structure and characteristics of the SISFCL developed by Innopower. It may help readers to understand SISFCL and its enormous application value for power grids.Keywords: Superconducting Fault Current LimiterShort-circuit currentQuenchTraditional current limiting reactor Additional informationNotes on contributorsXiaoye NiuXiaoye Niu was born in Hebei, China, on October 25, 1973. She received a B.S. from Yanshan University in 1998, and a M.E. from Beihang University Beijing in 2012. She is engaged in the study of transformers and reactors.
An improved hop-by-hop interest shaper for congestion control in named data networking (2013)

Hop-by-hop interest shaping has been proposed as a viable congestion control mechanism in Named Data Networking (NDN). Interest shaping exploits the strict receiver-driven traffic pattern and the symmetric bidirectional forwarding in NDN to control the returning data rate. In this paper, we point out that both interests and contents contribute to congestion and their interdependence must be considered in any interest shaping algorithm. We first analyze this issue mathematically by formulating it as an optimization problem to obtain the optimal shaping rate. Then a practical interest shaping algorithm is proposed to achieve high link utilization without congestive data loss. We further note that flow differentiation in NDN is complicated and design our scheme independently of traffic flows. We demonstrate our hop-by-hop interest shaper in conjunction with simple Additive-Increase-Multiplicative-Decrease (AIMD) clients using the ns3-based NDN simulator (ndnSIM). Our results show that the proposed shaping algorithm can effectively control congestion and achieve near-optimal throughput.
Fano Resonance in Deuterated Silicon Nitride Based on Fabry-Perot Cavity Coupled Microring Resonator (2019)

We demonstrate Fano resonance in shallow-etching grating-based Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity coupled microring resonator on a deuterated silicon nitride platform. The measured maximal slope rate (SR) of single Fano resonance is 1542.2 dB/nm. The results are important for many different photonics applications.
Multi-view in lensless compressive imaging (2014)

Multi-view images are acquired by a lensless compressive imaging architecture, which consists of an aperture assembly and multiple sensors. The aperture assembly consists of a two dimensional array of aperture elements whose transmittance can be individually controlled to implement a compressive sensing matrix. For each transmittance pattern of the aperture assembly, each of the sensors takes a measurement. The measurement vectors from the multiple sensors represent multi-view images of the same scene. We present theoretical framework for multi-view reconstruction and experimental results for enhancing quality of image using multi-view.
Hybrid RF-Solar Energy Harvesting Systems Utilizing Transparent Multiport Micromeshed Antennas (2019)

The design of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and solar energy harvesting (EH) system utilizing a transparent multiport antenna for indoor applications is described. The system incorporates an eight-port transparent antenna, operating in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz band, and is constructed from transparent copper micromeshed planar conductor. The antenna is integrated on the top surface of a solar cell with rectifiers positioned underneath to form a hybrid RF-solar indoor EH system. A key advantage of this approach is that the surface area of the solar cell is reused for the antenna saving space. Another novelty is the use of a multiport antenna for increasing the RF harvested energy. It is demonstrated that with a light intensity of 360 lux, the solar cell can obtain 1.68-mW power while the rectenna can achieve an additional 4.8%-45.8% harvested power when the incident RF input power density is varied from 13.30 to 52.96 mW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The transparent antenna achieves 72.4% efficiency and is one of the highest reported results. In addition, the rectifiers obtain 53.2% RF-to-dc conversion efficiency for an RF input power of -10 dBm. These results demonstrate that the proposed RF-solar energy harvester can increase harvested energy and provide energy diversity.
Basic Science for the Clinician 55 (2012)

In physiological systems, for every "yang," there must be a "yin," for uncontrolled systems can run amok. This is the case for the T-cell compartment of the immune system, where activation must be modulated, dampened, and ultimately reversed; to not apply the brakes leads to dire consequences. In less than 20 years, CTLA-4 has emerged from being an orphan, next becoming a physiological star with ever-emerging effects, and finally to being a therapeutic target-an impressive example of evolution and one that continues. Understanding the costimulatory effects and mechanisms of CTLA-4 and the redundancies intrinsic to costimulation is important in understanding T-cell function and dysfunction in disease. A future article in this series will describe inducible T-cell costimulator, which is a normal by-pass to CTLA-4's effects.
Mercury and Organomercurial Resistances Determined by Plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus (1977)

Penicillinase plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus often contain genes conferring resistance to inorganic mercury (Hg(2+)) and the organomercurial phenylmercury acetate. The mechanism of resistance was found to be the enzymatic hydrolysis of the organomercurial phenylmercury to benzene plus inorganic ionic mercury, which was then enzymatically reduced to metallic mercury (Hg(0)). The Hg(0) was rapidly volatilized from the medium into the atmosphere. After the mercurial was degraded and the mercury was volatilized, the resistant cells were able to grow. These plasmids also conferred the ability to volatilize mercury from thimerosal, although the plasmid-bearing strains were equally as thimerosal sensitive as the S. aureus without plasmids. None of the plasmids conferred the ability to volatilize mercury from several other organomercurials, however: methylmercury, ethylmercury, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, merbromin, and fluorescein mercuric acetate. (Organomercurial resistance-conferring plasmids of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that we have been studying confer the ability to degrade two or three of these organomercurials.) Although mercury was not volatilized from p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or fluorescein mercuric acetate, the plasmid-bearing strains were resistant to these organomercurials. The ability to volatilize mercury from Hg(2+) and phenylmercury was inducible. The range of inducers included Hg(2+), phenylmercury, and several organomercurials that were not substrates for the degradation system. Mercury-sensitive mutants have been isolated from the parental plasmids pI258 and pII147. Thirty-one such mercury-sensitive strains fall into three classes: (i) mercury-sensitive strains totally devoid of the phenylmercury hydrolase and Hg(2+) reductase activities; (ii) mutants with normal hydrolase levels and no detectable reductase; and (iii) mutants with essentially normal hydrolase levels and low and variable (5 to 25%) levels of reductase activities. The mercury-sensitive strains were also sensitive to phenylmercury, including those with the potential for hydrolase activity.
MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTATION OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ARCH DAMS INCLUDING INTERACTION EFFECTS (2000)

A computation and experimental study of dam-water-foundation interaction conducted at Longyangxia Dam in China is described. In the primary tests, the dam and its retained water were excited by detonating large explosive charges in shallow water upstream from the dam. The dam and water responses to the explosives were recorded by accelerometers, pressure sensors, and three-component seismographs. In secondary tests, the average reflection coefficient of the reservoir boundaries was measured using a newly developed procedure based on the acoustic reverberation concept. The results obtained indicate that explosive detonations appear to be the best means for exciting the dam-water-foundation system, and that an acoustic reverberation technique offers a practical procedure for measuring the overall reflection coefficient for the entire reservoir. Dam displacement and acceleration responses and hydrodynamic pressures due to acceleration signals recorded at the base of the dam were computed using current analytical procedures. Generally, reasonable agreement between the measured and computed responses was obtained but the prediction could be improved if non-uniform input motion could be defined and used.
Geometry-independent energy band simulator for radially symmetric diodes (2016)

In this work, a geometrically independent method to calculate the energy band diagram of radially symmetric diodes is reported. For radially symmetric diodes, the calculation of electron (or hole) energies across the junction can be reduced to a singular spatially dependent variable. Because geometry is not incorporated into the calculation a priori, by reducing the physics to a single spatial variable, energy band calculations can be performed in multiple geometries, simultaneously, for direct comparison to each other. The calculation outlined herein is pseudo-analytical and does not utilize finite element and/or control volume methods. It is, therefore, capable of generating spatially analytic equations for analyzing limiting scenarios of the junction, beneficial for yielding insight into the physics and design criteria of depletion for non-planar semiconducting devices.
2,3‐Dihydroxy‐quinoxaline induces ATPase activity of Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (2013)

2,3-Dihydroxy-quinoxaline, a small molecule that promotes ATPase catalytic activity of Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), was identified by virtual screening. This compound competitively inhibited HSV-TK catalyzed phosphorylation of acyclovir with Ki=250 μM (95% CI: 106-405 μM) and dose-dependently increased the rate of the ATP hydrolysis with KM=112 μM (95% CI: 28-195 μM). The kinetic scheme consistent with this experimental data is proposed.
Modeling of a virtual synchronous machine-based grid-interface converter for renewable energy systems integration (2014)

The common, and with some exceptions, the only method to interconnect high power renewable energy sources and energy storage systems to the power system has been using power electronics converters that operate as current sources to the grid, for the purpose of achieving maximum primary-source power tracking. When grid is not available, such sources are not allowed to continue operating and are shut-down after anti-islanded algorithms recognize the loss of the grid. Although existing standards and requirements still limit grid-interface converters to regulate voltage in the grid, this functionality will most probably be the dominant mode of their operation in the future grid; hence the growing trend in industry and academia to concentrate research towards control of the grid-interface converters that resemble behavior of the classic synchronous generators. This paper addresses modeling of the virtual synchronous machine-based grid-interface converters for renewable energy systems integration. Being completely equivalent to the synchronous generator model, an average model of the grid-interface converter features an inherent frequency-locked loop, in which the virtual rotor angle is obtained by integrating dc-link voltage.
Method to study the effect of blend flowability on the homogeneity of acetaminophen (2012)

The preliminary results suggest that the methodology used in this paper is adequate to study of the effect of blend flow index on APAP homogeneity.
Possibility of bottom-layer parameter reconstruction using acoustic signals of the THETIS-2 experiment (1996)

During an international acoustic tomography experiment, which had been deployed in the western Mediterranean in 1994, acoustic measurements with vertical arrays were made from autonomous bottom modules. Due to near-bottom signal receiving, a number of time-separated bottom reflected and refracted signals were obtained after correlation processing. One of the short-range observation points was chosen to investigate the possibility of using THETIS-2 signals for bottom parameter reconstruction. Using distribution and inverse methods, sound-speed profiles in the upper bottom layer were reconstructed. Analysis of the possibility to obtain signals at ranges up to 200 km from autonomous bottom modules for use in bottom parameters reconstruction was performed. [Work supported by RFFI Project N 96-02-18944.]
The 5-O-beta-D-galactofuranosyl-containing glycopeptide from Penicillium charlesii. Identification of phosphocholine attached to C-6 of mannopyranosyl residues of the mannan region. (1982)

Peptidophosphogalactomannan from Penicillium charlesii contains ethanolamine, presumably linked via phosphodiester to galactomannan (Rick, P. D., Drewes, L. R., and Gander, J. E., (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2072-2078). These investigations have been extended using 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy to show that peptidophosphogalactomannan also contains choline and that both ethanolamine and choline are linked through phosphodiester linkages to C-8 of mannosyl residues of the mannan region of peptidophosphogalactomannan. Approximately one-half of the bases derived from ethanolamine, and which are attached to the mannan as phosphodiesters, are released as choline upon treatment with dilute alkali. It was shown that 13C from L-[methyl-13C]methionine is incorporated into methyl groups of mannosyl-6-phosphocholine in vivo. There were no 13C NMR signals from the methyl carbons of either 2-methylaminoethanol (33.3 ppm) or 2-dimethylaminoethanol (45.9 ppm) observed in these experiments even though the major signal was from the methyl carbons of choline (56.9 ppm).
Minnesota fruit and vegetable growers manual for the beginning grower (2004)

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.
Unite the People: Closing the Loop Between 3D and 2D Human Representations (2017)

3D models provide a common ground for different representations of human bodies. In turn, robust 2D estimation has proven to be a powerful tool to obtain 3D fits in-the-wild. However, depending on the level of detail, it can be hard to impossible to acquire labeled data for training 2D estimators on large scale. We propose a hybrid approach to this problem: with an extended version of the recently introduced SMPLify method, we obtain high quality 3D body model fits for multiple human pose datasets. Human annotators solely sort good and bad fits. This procedure leads to an initial dataset, UP-3D, with rich annotations. With a comprehensive set of experiments, we show how this data can be used to train discriminative models that produce results with an unprecedented level of detail: our models predict 31 segments and 91 landmark locations on the body. Using the 91 landmark pose estimator, we present state-of-the art results for 3D human pose and shape estimation using an order of magnitude less training data and without assumptions about gender or pose in the fitting procedure. We show that UP-3D can be enhanced with these improved fits to grow in quantity and quality, which makes the system deployable on large scale. The data, code and models are available for research purposes.
Interpenetrated Networks of Nanocellulose and Polyacrylamide with Excellent Mechanical and Absorptive Properties (2018)

Abstract Composites based on interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogels and polyacrylamide are prepared and exhibit robust mechanical, water retaining, and re‐swelling capacities. Furthermore, their swelling behavior is not affected by an increased ionic strength of the aqueous phase. These unprecedented IPNs combine the water retaining capacity of the polyacrylamide with the mechanical strength provided by the CNF aerogel template. The CNF aerogel/polyacrylamide composites exhibit a compressive stress at break greater than 250% compared with a neat polyacrylamide hydrogel. Furthermore, the composites retain their wet compression properties after drying and re‐swelling, whereas the neat polyacrylamide hydrogels fail at a significantly lower stress and strain after drying and re‐swelling. These composite materials highlight the potential of CNF aerogels to strengthen the mechanical properties and reduce the number of fracture defects during the drying and re‐swelling of a hydrogel. These composites show the potential of being optimized for a plethora of applications, especially in the hygiene field and for biomedical devices.