gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries]. (1999)

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease that primary involves medium-sized and small arteries, most commonly the renal and carotid arteries. Dysplasic stenoses can be classified by angiography into three main subtypes, multifocal (multiple contiguous stenoses with the "string of beads" appearance), unifocal (single stenosis in a given renal artery), or tubular. The multifocal subtype is the most frequent and is usually associated with medial dysplasia, whereas unifocal and tubular stenoses are associated with intimal and perimedial dysplasia, respectively. Renovascular hypertension, mainly in women aged 30 to 50 years, is the most common manifestation of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia. Its prevalence in hypertensive patients is estimated to less than 1 percent. The true prevalence of the disease is probably higher, however, because many cases can go undetected in normotensive or asymptomatic hypertensive patients. The first line treatment is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty that usually allows blood pressure improvement or normalization. Stenosis progression is slow and rarely leads to ischemic renal failure. Recognition of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia should lead to screening for associated carotid artery lesions. Fibromuscular dysplasia can be a familial disease.
Single molecule localization microscopy with autonomous feedback loops for ultrahigh precision (2018)

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) promises to provide truly molecular scale images of biological specimens 1–5 . However, mechanical instabilities in the instrument, readout errors and sample drift constitute significant challenges and severely limit both the useable data acquisition length and the localization accuracy of single molecule emitters 6 . Here, we developed an actively stabilized total internal fluorescence (TIRF) microscope that performs 3D real-time drift corrections and achieves a stability of ≤1 nm. Self-alignment of the emission light path and corrections of readout errors of the camera automate channel alignment and ensure localization precisions of 1-4 nm in DNA origami structures and cells for different labels. We used Feedback SMLM to measure the separation distance of signaling receptors and phosphatases in T cells. Thus, an improved SMLM enables direct distance measurements between molecules in intact cells on the scale between 1-20 nm, potentially replacing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to quantify molecular interactions 7 . In summary, by overcoming the major bottlenecks in SMLM imaging, it is possible to generate molecular images with nanometer accuracy and conduct distance measurements on the biological relevant length scales.
Assessment of IxLoad in a GGSN environment (2010)

Today's telecommunication world is developing toward an increasing demand for accessing the Internet, multimedia applications and IP technologies. As radio access technology evolves, the complexity of the core network increases and the need for intelligent verification procedures rises. The Gateway GPRS Support Node is an essential component of GPRS packet core network which acts as the gateway between the packet core and the external network. Testing such a product has become a non-trivial task. With an efficient test process, it is possible to reduce deployment cost and thoroughly validate the GGSN functionality, thus providing the customers with a higher quality product. IxLoad is a full-featured layer 4-7 test system that provides real-world traffic simulation which can be used for testing Gateway GPRS Support Node. This thesis is a thorough assessment of IxLoad as an advanced test tool in a GGSN environment. Furthermore, this document will provide the reader with an overview of packet core and GGSN functionality. Several test scenarios with IxLoad in a GGSN environment were developed in which the quality of IxLoad could be determined. The outcome of this thesis are several suggested solutions meant to increase and expand IxLoad capabilities.
A civil engineer's guide to GPS and GNSS (2009)

The US global positioning system (GPS) has transformed many aspects of modern society, from navigation, mapping and monitoring to synchronisation of communications networks. It is already widely used in civil engineering and, with the imminent introduction of other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), is set to flourish further – especially when combined with other measurement or sensor technology. This paper provides some background to the basic technology, coordinate issues and civil engineering applications of GPS. It then looks to the future of GNSS and its likely impact on civil engineering.
LB02.03 (2015)

Objective: Blood pressure (BP) variability correlates with cardio-vascular disease as BP level itself. There is not known easy way to evaluate the BP variability in clinic. To evaluate the usefulness of maximum-minimum difference (MMD) of BP in a month compared to standard deviation (SD), as an index of BP variability. Design and method: Study-1: Twelve patients (age 65.9 ± 12.1 y/o) were enrolled. Measurements of home systolic (S) BP were required in the morning. The 12 months consecutive data and at least 3 times measurements a month were required for including. (Mean 29.0 ± 4.5 times/month in the morning). We checked the correlation between MMD and SD. Study-2: Six hemodialized patients monitored with i-TECHO system (J of Hypertens 2007: 25: 2353–2358) for longer than one year were analyzed. As in study-1, we analyzed the correlation between SD and MMD of SBP. Measurements: 17.4 ± 11.9 times per month. Study-3: The data from our previous study (FUJIYAM study Clin. Exp Hypertens 2014: 36:508–16) were extracted. 1524 patient-month morning BP data were calculated as in study-1. Picking up data measuring more than 24 times a month, 517 patient-month BP data were analyzed. We compared the ratio to 25 times measured data of SD and MMD, in the setting 5, 10, 15, 20 times measured data. Results: Study-1: SBP, MMD was correlated very well to SD (p < 0.0001, R=0.923). Equation of SBPSD = 1.275+ 0.208xMMD. Study-2: R = 0.884 (P < 0.0001) SBPSD = 2.17+ 0.22xMMD. Study-3: R = 0.842(P < 0.0001), if we used all data measurements > 2 times. If data were extracted (measurements>24 times), correlation was 0.927 (P < 0.0001). The equation of SBPSD = 1.520+ 0.201xMMD. The ratios of SD to 25 times were as follows; 0.956 in 5 times, 0.956 in 10, 0.979 in 15, 0.991 in 20 times. The ratios of MMD to 25 times were as follows; 0.558 in 5, 0.761 in 10, 0.874 in 15, 0.944 in 20. Conclusions: We can assume SD easily by measuring MMD as an index of day-by-day BP variability of a month. The equation formulas were very similar though the patients’ groups were different. But we have to be careful how many times patients measure in a month.
Surfactants: Role in biofilm management and cellular behaviour (2019)

Appropriate and effective wound cleaning represents an important process that is necessary for preparing the wound for improved wound healing and for helping to dislodge biofilms. Wound cleaning is of paramount importance to wound bed preparation for helping to enhance wound healing. Surfactant applications in wound care may represent an important area in the cleaning continuum. However, understanding of the role and significance of surfactants in wound cleansing, biofilm prevention and control, and enhancing cellular viability and proliferation is currently lacking. Despite this, some recent evidence on poloxamer-based surfactants where the surfactants are present in high concentration have been shown to have an important role to play in biofilm management; matrix metalloproteinase modulation; reducing inflammation; and enhancing cellular proliferation, behaviour, and viability. Consequently, this review aims to discuss the role, mode of action, and clinical significance of the use of medically accepted surfactants, with a focus on concentrated poloxamer-based surfactants, to wound healing but, more specifically, the role they may play in biofilm management and effects on cellular repair.
Hexagonally arranged arrays of urchin-like Ag hemispheres decorated with Ag nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates (2015)

The surface topography of noble metal particles is a significant factor in tailoring surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） properties. Here, we present a simple fabrication route to hexagonally arranged arrays of surface-roughened urchin- like Ag hemispheres （Ag-HSs） decorated with Ag nanoparticles （Ag-NPs） for highly active and reproducible SERS substrates. The urchin-like Ag-HS arrays are achieved by sputtering Ag onto the top surface of a highly ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） template to form ordered arrays of smooth Ag-HSs and then by electrodepositing Ag-NPs onto the surface of each Ag-HS. Owing to the ordered arrangement of the Ag-HSs and the improved surface roughness, the urchin-like hierarchical Ag-HS arrays can provide sufficient and uniform ＂hot spots＂ for reproducible and highly active SERS effects. Using the urchin-like Ag-HS arrays as SERS substrates, 10-7 M dibutyl phthalate （a member of plasticizers family） and 1.5 × 10-5 M PCB-77 （one congener of polychlorinated biphenyl, a notorious class of pollutants） are identified, showing promising potential for these substrates in the rapid recognition of organic pollutants.
Isotopic scaling of confinement in deuterium–tritium plasmas (1995)

The confinement and heating of supershot plasmas are significantly enhanced with tritium beam injection relative to deuterium injection in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 26, 11 (1984)]. The global energy confinement and local thermal transport are analyzed for deuterium and tritium fueled plasmas to quantify their dependence on the average mass of the hydrogenic ions. Radial profiles of the deuterium and tritium densities are determined from the D–T fusion neutron emission profile. The inferred scalings with average isotopic mass are quite strong, with τE∝〈A〉0.85±0.20, τEthermal∝〈A〉0.89±0.20, χitot∝〈A〉−2.6±0.5, and De∝〈A〉−1.4±0.2 at fixed Pinj. For fixed local plasma parameters χitot∝〈A〉−1.8±0.4 is obtained. The quoted 2σ uncertainties include contributions from both diagnostic errors and shot irreproducibility, and are conservatively constructed to attribute the entire scatter in the regressed parameters to uncertainties in the exponent on plasma mass.
Beyond SOT: Tracking Multiple Generic Objects at Once (2022)

Generic Object Tracking (GOT) is the problem of tracking target objects, specified by bounding boxes in the first frame of a video. While the task has received much attention in the last decades, researchers have almost exclusively focused on the single object setting. Multi-object GOT benefits from a wider applicability, rendering it more attractive in real-world applications. We attribute the lack of research interest into this problem to the absence of suitable benchmarks. In this work, we introduce a new large-scale GOT benchmark, LaGOT, containing multiple annotated target objects per sequence. Our benchmark allows users to tackle key remaining challenges in GOT, aiming to increase robustness and reduce computation through joint tracking of multiple objects simultaneously. In addition, we propose a transformer-based GOT tracker baseline capable of joint processing of multiple objects through shared computation. Our approach achieves a 4x faster run-time in case of 10 concurrent objects compared to tracking each object independently and outperforms existing single object trackers on our new benchmark. In addition, our approach achieves highly competitive results on single-object GOT datasets, setting a new state of the art on TrackingNet with a success rate AUC of 84.4%. Our benchmark, code, and trained models will be made publicly available.
Correlation between Critical Micelle Concentration and CO2 Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (2018)

Abstract Rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) methodology with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was applied to study the inhibition behavior of quaternary ammonium compounds on CO2 corrosion of X65 carbon steel. The test program, consisting of 50 tests, investigated the inhibition performance of a homologous series of quaternary ammonium surfactants with different alkyl chain length (C12, C14, C16) at different salinities (0.1%, 1%, 10% wt. NaCl), and temperatures (30°C, 50°C, 70°C). Corrosion rate as a function of inhibitor dosage was determined for each test condition defined by alkyl chain length, salinity, and temperature. The inhibitor dosages were proposed based on a series of proportional CMC (critical micelle concentration) values that were determined from a parallel study using a variety of other methodologies. Based on measured corrosion rate data, the maximum surface coverage, and adsorption constants (Kads) fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm were obtained. This paper discusses the variation of inhibition efficiency (maximum surface coverage) of quaternary ammonium surfactants with CMC, salinity, temperature and number of carbon of alkyl chain. It also discusses the relationship of adsorption constants as a function of CMC values.
Author Guidelines (2014) (2014)

The abstract should be clear, concise, and descriptive. This abstract should provide a brief introduction to the problem, objective of paper, followed by a statement regarding the methodology and a brief summary of results.
Odors Detected by Mice Deficient in Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Subunit A2 Stimulate the Main Olfactory System (2004)

It is believed that odor transduction in the mammalian main olfactory system only involves the cAMP-signaling pathway. Here, we report on odor responsiveness in mice with a disrupted cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel subunit A2. Several odorants, including putative pheromones, can be detected and discriminated by these mice behaviorally. These odors elicit responses in the olfactory epithelium, main olfactory bulb, and olfactory (piriform) cortex of CNGA2 knock-out mice. In addition, responses to odors detected by CNGA2 knock-out mice are relatively insensitive to inhibitors of the cAMP pathway. These results provide strong evidence that cAMP-independent pathways in the main olfactory system of mammals participate in detecting a subset of odors.
On Commensalism of Candida (2020)

<i>Candida</i> species are both opportunistic fungal pathogens and common members of the human mycobiome. Over the years, the main focus of the fungal field has been on understanding the pathogenic potential and disease manifestation of these organisms. Therefore, understanding of their commensal lifestyle, interactions with host epithelial barriers, and initial transition into pathogenesis is less developed. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge on the commensal lifestyle of these fungi, how they are able to adhere to and colonize host epithelial surfaces, compete with other members of the microbiota, and interact with the host immune response, as well as their transition into opportunistic pathogens by invading the gastrointestinal epithelium.
Fabrication of Bioactive Apatite Nuclei Precipitated Polylactic Acid by Using Sandblasting Process (2013)

Micropores were formed on the surface of polylactic acid (PLA) plate by doubled sandblasting process using alumina particles with 14.0 μm for average particle size as first process, then using the particles with 3.0 μm for average particle size as second process. Apatite Nucleus (AN) was precipitated in the pores. By these treatments, bioactive AN precipitated PLA was fabricated. Bioactivity of the AN precipitated PLA was examined by soaking in SBF and it was observed that hydroxyapatite was induced on the surface of the PLA within 1 d. High adhesive strength of hydroxyapatite layer was achieved due to a mechanical interlocking effect between hydroxyapatite formed in the micropores and the PLA plate.
A metric for the evaluation and comparison of keylogger performance (2014)

In the field of IT security the development of Proof of Concept (PoC) implementations is a commonly accepted method to determine the exploitability of an identified weakness. Most security issues provide a rather straight-forwad method of asserting the PoCs efficiency. That is, either works or does not. Hence, data gathering and exfiltration techniques usually remain in a position where the viability has to be empirically verified. One of these cases are mobile device keyloggers, which only recently have been starting to exploit side-channels to infer heuristic information on a user's input. With this introduction of side channels exploiting heuristic information the performance of a keylogger may no longer be described with it works and gathered what was typed. Instead, the viability of the keylogger has to be assessed based on various typing speeds, user input styles and many metrics more as documented in this paper. The authors of this document provide a survey of the required metrics and features. Furthermore, they have developed a framework to assess the performance of a keylogger. This paper provides the documentation on how such a study can be conducted, while the required source code is shared online.
Effect on regenerative braking efficiency with deceleration demand and terrain condition (2010)

Deceleration rate and terrain adhesive coefficient are critical factors, which are drastically diminishing the regenerative energy enhancement in the hybrid electric vehicle. In addition to that, sizing the electric propulsion system also very important to increase the acceleration performance and regenerative braking efficiency. For example, oversizing the electric propulsion system will occupy additional space and increase the weight of the vehicle. On the other hand , down sizing the electric propulsion system will not contribute to achieve the fuel economy of the vehicle, where the effect of the hybridization is negligible. Nevertheless, even for a given hybrid drive train design, the electric propulsion system cannot produce all kind of braking power to stop the vehicle within the expected braking condition. Therefore the involvement of the mechanical braking system is inevitable to ensure the safety braking. This paper addresses the correlation between the regenerative energy, terrain adhesive coefficient and deceleration rate of the vehicle. Here, front wheel drive vehicle is considered for the simulation and a decision making strategy is designed to split and distribute the braking force to front and rear wheels accordingly. Finally a simulation study is conducted to outline the proposed analysis. (6 pages)
Management of cerebrovascular variants (2012)

Normal anatomic variants encountered in the course of treatment are often identified as incidental findings. However, depending on the pathology, these variants may portend an increased treatment risk or, at worst, may lead to disastrous consequences. These variants are ubiquitous and can occur at any location in the vascular system. Furthermore, although not variants in the anatomical sense, the changes associated with aging can often make it challenging to access and treat cerebrovascular pathology. Detailed analysis of preoperative vascular imaging with either computerized tomographic angiography or magnetic resonance angiography is crucial to the identification of these variants and formulation of a successful management strategy. This chapter is therefore organized by vascular segments, from proximal to distal, and briefly describes the pertinent normal anatomy, true anatomical variants, and “acquired variants” (i.e., effects of aging and vascular disease). Recognition of these variants is the most important first step in their management. Where applicable, management techniques for these variants conclude each section.
活动：返校庆典-校友返校庆典 (2014)

读读看! 苏希在赶时间，她和罗柏要去这里大学的校友返校庆典。校园里将会是人山人海，会有很多特别的集会和节目。苏希和罗柏可以访问一些学生，苏希向一位毕业生说“请问!”，然后她问了他几个问题。
Chondrocyte antioxidant defences: the roles of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in protection against H2O2 dependent inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis. (1988)

The production of hydrogen peroxide by polymorphonuclear cells is suspected as being a cause of cellular damage during acute inflammation. In our study, the kinetics by which hydrogen peroxide suppressed proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage explant culture suggested that the damage occurred at the level of core protein synthesis. Chondrocytes were also shown to contain both catalase and the glutathione peroxidase/reductase systems, which were both involved in the removal of 10(-4) M H2O2. Interruption of either of these peroxide metabolizing systems markedly sensitized cartilage to a greater inhibition of synthesis by H2O2. Inhibition of catalase (with 3-amino 1,2,4 triazole or azide) was found to depress synthesis further, possibly because of exposure to higher steady state levels of H2O2. Inhibition of glutathione reductase (with 1,3-bis-(choloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea) did not expose tissue to higher steady state levels of H2O2, but this treatment decreased the intrachondrocyte level of reduced glutathione which may explain the increased damage obtained in the presence of H2O2. These results support the concept that effective H2O2 metabolizing systems are important in the maintenance of normal biosynthetic rates in cartilage during inflammation.
Development and Testing of Four-Wheel Drive In-Wheel-Motor Electric Vehicle (2014)

This paper describes the development of a full electric vehicle prototype with a new generation of drive-by-wire chassis, which consists of a four independently actuated in-wheel-motor drive system, an electric power steering (EPS) system, an electro-hydraulic brake (EHB) system and a lithium battery energy storage system. This novel electric vehicle called I 2 EV (I 2 stands for Intelligent and In-wheel-motor) is designed and tested on a chassis dynamometer to study its performance. Then the road performance of the vehicle is verified through road experiments. These tests clearly show that I 2 EVcan be employed in further study of intelligent vehicle and advanced integrated chassis control.
Seismic attributes — A historical perspective (2005)

Abstract A seismic attribute is a quantitative measure of a seismic characteristic of interest. Analysis of attributes has been integral to reflection seismic interpretation since the 1930s when geophysicists started to pick traveltimes to coherent reflections on seismic field records. There are now more than 50 distinct seismic attributes calculated from seismic data and applied to the interpretation of geologic structure, stratigraphy, and rock/pore fluid properties. The evolution of seismic attributes is closely linked to advances in computer technology. As examples, the advent of digital recording in the 1960s produced improved measurements of seismic amplitude and pointed out the correlation between hydrocarbon pore fluids and strong amplitudes (“bright spots”). The introduction of color printers in the early 1970s allowed color displays of reflection strength, frequency, phase, and interval velocity to be overlain routinely on black-and-white seismic records. Interpretation workstations in the 1980s provided interpreters with the ability to interact quickly with data to change scales and colors and to easily integrate seismic traces with other information such as well logs. Today, very powerful computer workstations capable of integrating large volumes of diverse data and calculating numerous seismic attributes are a routine tool used by seismic interpreters seeking geologic and reservoir engineering information from seismic data. In this review paper celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, we reconstruct the key historical events that have lead to modern seismic attribute analysis.