gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscosity of α -pinene secondary organic material and implications for particle growth and reactivity (2013)

Particles composed of secondary organic material (SOM) are abundant in the lower troposphere. The viscosity of these particles is a fundamental property that is presently poorly quantified yet required for accurate modeling of their formation, growth, evaporation, and environmental impacts. Using two unique techniques, namely a "bead-mobility" technique and a "poke-flow" technique, in conjunction with simulations of fluid flow, the viscosity of the water-soluble component of SOM produced by α-pinene ozonolysis is quantified for 20- to 50-μm particles at 293-295 K. The viscosity is comparable to that of honey at 90% relative humidity (RH), similar to that of peanut butter at 70% RH, and at least as viscous as bitumen at ≤30% RH, implying that the studied SOM ranges from liquid to semisolid or solid across the range of atmospheric RH. These data combined with simple calculations or previous modeling studies are used to show the following: (i) the growth of SOM by the exchange of organic molecules between gas and particle may be confined to the surface region of the particles for RH ≤ 30%; (ii) at ≤30% RH, the particle-mass concentrations of semivolatile and low-volatility organic compounds may be overpredicted by an order of magnitude if instantaneous equilibrium partitioning is assumed in the bulk of SOM particles; and (iii) the diffusivity of semireactive atmospheric oxidants such as ozone may decrease by two to five orders of magnitude for a drop in RH from 90% to 30%. These findings have possible consequences for predictions of air quality, visibility, and climate.
Genetic and environmental risk factors for extramacular drusen. (2020)

The comprehensive analysis of various risk factors revealed a common genetic and pathological pathway of EMD with AMD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the role of EMD in otherwise healthy subjects as an expanded phenotype of AMD.
Thermal modeling of optical coating performance (1989)

The performance of optical thin film filters often deviates from design. These deviations are typically caused by the manufacturing process and are attributed to errors and nonuniformities in layer thickness and refractive index. The design performance is also affected by variations in the filter's environment. A computer program for thin film coating design has been enhanced to model the effect of temperature variations on the filter's characteristics as well as to provide optimized designs with a desired temperature performance.
Interaction entre les Escherichia coli pathogènes et la muqueuse intestinale : mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la réponse immunitaire innée induite par les facteurs de virulence bactériens (2003)

Escherichia coli (E. Coli) est la bacterie la plus frequente du tube digestif. Bien qu'habituellement saprophytes, certaines de ces bacteries peuvent etre pathogenes responsables alors de diarrhee aigue Des souches d'E. Coli sont egalement potentiellement impliquees dans la physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI), essentiellement representees par la rectocolite ulcerative et la maladie de Crohn. Ces bacteries et/ou l'inflammation chronique qu'elles peuvent declencher et perenniser, pourraient jouer un role dans la transformation dysplasique puis neoplasique de la muqueuse colique. Cette transformation surviendrait notamment chez certains patients presentant une susceptibilite genetique, et selon des mecanismes moleculaires encore incertains. Le but de ce travail a ete d'etudier les differentes consequences in vitro de l'interaction entre differentes populations cellulaires presentes au niveau de la muqueuse intestinale (cellules epitheliales, lymphocytes et polynucleaires neutrophiles) avec certains groupes d'E. Coli pathogenes, les DAEC, ou avec une toxine, le facteur cytotoxique necrosant ou CNF1, produite par des souches d'E. Coli appelees NTEC. Cette etude a montre que l'activation par le CNF1 de la petite proteine G Rho presente au niveau des lymphocytes, augmentait l'adherence de ces lymphocytes au niveau de l'epithelium intestinal et induisait alors des alterations morphologiques de cet epithelium. Nous avons egalement observe que le CNF1, via l'activation permanente sur les cellules epitheliales des petites proteines Rho, retarde leur cicatrisation apres blessure mecanique. Une deuxieme partie de ce travail a permis de montrer que l'adherence des DAEC au niveau de l'epithelium intestinal induisait le recrutement des polynucleaires neutrophiles. Cette etude a egalement permis de montrer que la migration des neutrophiles induite par les DAEC conduisait a une augmentation d'expression de leurs recepteurs (DAF-CD55) a la surface des cellules epitheliales, realisant ainsi une boucle d'amplification positive en potentialisant leur adherence. Ce travail s'est poursuivi par l'analyse des consequences de l'infection des polynucleaires neutrophiles par les DAEC, montrant en particulier l'induction de l'apoptose de ces cellules associee a leur agregation, en l'absence d'internalisation intracytoplasmique. L'ensemble de ces travaux apporte ainsi des elements nouveaux sur la connaissance de la physiopathologie des infections intestinales induites par certains groupes d'E coli et sur la caracterisation de certains facteurs de virulence produits par ces bacteries.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Chiral Water‐Soluble Phosphine Ligand Based on a Water‐Soluble Acrylic Acid Salt. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of ionizing radiation on deoxyribonucleic acid. Part 7. Electron capture at cytosine and thymine (1992)

Exposure of a range of DNA samples in various media to 60Co γ-rays at 77 K gives electron-capture centres characterized by an EPR doublet with A(1H) of ca. 16 G. Since the electron-adducts of C and T give very similar doublet EPR spectra in irradiated DNA, it is difficult to judge the proportions of C˙– and T˙– formation by inspection. The possibility, suggested by others, that computer fits can be used to give a quantitative measure of these species is discussed. However, in view of the variability of the features directly assignable to C˙– and T˙– units in different environments, we suggest that this approach has only qualitative significance.The alternative method involves annealing to convert T˙– into TH˙ radicals in which a hydrogen atom is added to C6, the resulting radical having a completely characteristic octet EPR spectrum. It is argued that the ejected electrons move through the stacked DNA bases, becoming trapped at C or T depending upon the relative rates at which C˙– and T˙– are protonated to give C˙–(H+)(protonated at N3) and T˙–(H+)(protonated on oxygen). If this is correct, interconversion between C˙– and T˙– on annealing is unlikely, and only T˙– can lead to TH˙ formation.This is also not accurate, since TH˙ decay sets in within the same temperature range as it is being formed. By generating TH˙ from frozen aqueous DNA with ultraviolet light, the pure decay annealing curve has been obtained, and using this we have been able to extrapolate the data for TH˙ from the γ-irradiated samples to give the real yields of TH˙. The results show that ca. 36% of the doublet must be due to T˙– centres, the remainder (64%) being assigned to C˙– centres.The ratio of C˙– to T˙– varies with the DNA source, and with the environment. We suggest that it is largely governed by the relative rates of protonation to give C˙–(H+) and T˙–(H+), and the factors controlling these rates are discussed. The use of lithium chloride glasses completely suppresses the formation of G˙+ centres, leaving well-defined radical-anion spectra, but on annealing, conversion to TH˙ is negligible despite the rapid, and complete, loss of the doublet species. This result is discussed in terms of reaction with Cl2˙– radicals formed in abundance in these glasses.Studies designed to detect any site-specificity in the DNA damage leading to strand breaks suggest that all possible sites are damaged. These results strongly support the postulate that yields of C˙– and T˙– are comparable. The possibility that some A˙+ cations are formed in addition to G˙+ cations is also considered in the light of these results.
Case Study: Fuel Cell Micro Grid Operation at the 2004 Democratic National Convention (2005)

The 2004 Democratic National Convention (DNC) in downtownBoston presented an energy challenge. The large, attendant media pres-ence required a great deal of additional power for temporary studios,satellite up-links, etc., that could not be supplied by the constrained elec-tric utility infrastructure.To meet this need, an independent micro grid was constructedconsisting of two rail-mounted diesel-generators and a trailer-mountedfuel cell power plant. The fuel cell was a DFC300 produced by FuelCellEnergy, Inc. The DFC300 is a 250 kW rated power plant, capable of bothgrid connected and grid independent operation. The DNC micro gridrepresented the first application in which the DFC300 operated in paral-lel with diesel generators independent of the electric utility grid.In addition to explaining the fuel cell power plant operating modes,this article describes the specific planning, challenges and operating re-sults of the unit in the DNC micro grid. It will also examine the potentialbenefits of fuel cells in future micro grid applications
Preparation of Polyurethanes via Polycondensation and their Properties (2013)

ポリウレタンの製造プロセスにおける環境負荷をより小さくするために，また分子設計の自由度を高くするために重縮合によるポリウレタンの合成を検討した．モデル反応での条件検討の結果，150°Cで減圧下，二マレイン酸チタンを触媒に用いることで，エトキシ基を脱離基とするカルバメート交換反応が効率よく進行することがわかった．この反応条件下，AB型モノマーのエチル ω-ヒドロキシアルキルカルバメートとポリテトラメチレングリコールとの重縮合を行い，ウレタンオリゴマーを合成した．続いてヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートで鎖延長することによってポリウレタンを合成した．その結果，ウレタン結合密度が同等であってもハードセグメントの炭素数の違いによりエラストマー特性が異なり，炭素数が偶数では比較的固いエラストマーが，奇数では比較的柔軟かつ丈夫なエラストマーが得られることがわかった．
Micro- and nano-structured 3D printed titanium implants with a hydroxyapatite coating for improved osseointegration (2018)

With the increasing demand for low-cost and more efficient dental implants, there is an urgent need to develop new manufacturing approaches and implants with better osseointegration performance. 3D printing technology provides enormous opportunities for the rapid fabrication of a new generation of patient-tailored dental implants with significantly reduced costs. This study presents the demonstration of a unique model of titanium implants based on 3D printing technology with improved osseointegration properties. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants with a micro-structured surface are fabricated using a selective laser-melting process followed by further nano-structuring with electrochemical anodization to form titania nanotubes (TNT) and subsequent bioactivation by a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The osseointegration properties of the fabricated implants were examined using human primary osteoblasts and cell line models. The results showed significantly increased protein adsorption, cell adhesion and cell spreading. The expression of the late osteoblast/osteocyte genes GJA1 and PHEX was also enhanced, indicating a cell maturation effect and the promotion of mineralization on the surface. These results suggest that 3D printing technology combined with electrochemical nano-structuring and HA modification is a promising approach for the fabrication of Ti implants with improved osseointegration and provides potential alternatives to conventional dental implants.
Molecular Biology of Growth Hormone (1983)

(1983). Molecular Biology of Growth Hormone. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 25-56.
Loi de comportement en fluage biaxial de l'aluminium (99,5 % en poids) à haute température ; identification du potentiel d'écoulement stationnaire Ω (σij, αstij, T) (1982)

Nous étudions en fluage biaxial le comportement de l'aluminium A5 (99,5 % en poids) en régime stationnaire pour T = 355 °C. Nous vérifions : 1) • La possibilité d'écrire les vitesses obtenues sous la forme : εst ij =stij = K'(σ'ij-λ stij)[σsteq(σ-α)] n-1, avec n = 2. • La normalité du vecteur vitesse εst dans l'espace des contraintes à l'équipotentielle : σsteq(σ - αst) = constante , ce qui permet d'écrire : εst = 2/3K'[σ steq(σ - αst)]n grad (σsteq). 2) L'existence d'un « potentiel d'écoulement » au sens de Rice en régime stationnaire complètement déterminé dans le domaine des contraintes appliquées pas trop fortes (√J 2(σ) ≤ 0,9 × 107 N/m2) sous la forme : Ω(σij, α stij, T) = 2/3 K'/n + 1[σ st eq]n+1 + C/k + 1(√J2(αst))k +1 + Ω0, avec k = 5. 3) Le lien existant entre un modèle rhéologique et les mesures plus classiques telles celles de r et de h permettant d'accéder à des paramètres physiques pour identifier le modèle d'écoulement plastique à chaud. L'étude réalisée sur ce métal permet d'envisager une généralisation du potentiel Ω pour des matériaux ayant le même comportement en contrainte effective que l'aluminium A5 et son exploitation en fluage transitoire.
Degraded Mode Vehicle Lateral Control Under Fault in Rear Sensors (2003)

This paper is concerned with vehicle lateral control for Automated Highway Systems (AHS) studied as a part of the California PATH (Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways) Program. In the PATH lateral control system, magnetometers are installed under both the front and the rear bumpers of the vehicle; these magnetometers measure the lateral deviation of the vehicle relative to the magnets buried along the centerline of each automated lane. Lateral controllers have been designed and tested successfully provided that there is no fault in magnetometers. It has been argued that these controllers are NOT tolerant to the fault in magnetometers. The focus of this paper is the degraded mode lateral control under fault in rear magnetometers. The aim of the controller design is to accomplish adequate performance with the remaining set of magnetometers: the front magnetometers. The effects of the fault are examined, and the significance of the linear time varying (LTV) property of the front magnetometer based vehicle lateral dynamics is recognized. Popular control methods for LTV systems generally involve gain scheduling by switching between several LTI controllers. Such controllers are complicated and it is difficult to prove the stability of the switching mechanism. To derive a simple, effective LTV controller, feedback linearization is applied to approximately cancel out the time varying terms in the plant and to function as a gain scheduler. However, due to the weakly damped zeros of the plant, feedback linearization with state feedback or matched observer state feedback results in weakly damped internal dynamics. In order to tune the internal dynamics, a mismatched observer is designed based on H-infinity optimal control techniques. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the controller design.
Decision Matrices in Materials Selection (1997)

Abstract In materials selection, a decision matrix method refers to any formalized procedure by which materials are ranked prior to a selection decision. This article describes the advantages and limitations of decision matrix methods, as well as the steps involved, with examples. The methods include the Pugh method, the Dominic method, and the Pahl and Beitz method. The article discusses the three important concepts in decision making: alternatives (candidate materials), criteria (objectives), and weighting factors.
Recombinant Fibrinogen Studies Reveal That Thrombin Specificity Dictates Order of Fibrinopeptide Release (2021)

During cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, fibrinopeptide A (FpA) release precedes fibrinopeptide B (FpB) release. To examine the basis for this ordered release, we synthesized A'beta fibrinogen, replacing FpB with a fibrinopeptide A-like peptide, FpA' (G14V). Analyses of fibrinopeptide release from A'beta fibrinogen showed that FpA release and FpA' release were similar; the release of either peptide followed simple first-order kinetics. Specificity constants for FpA and FpA' were similar, demonstrating that these peptides are equally competitive substrates for thrombin. In the presence of Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, an inhibitor of fibrin polymerization, the rate of FpB release from normal fibrinogen was reduced 3-fold, consistent with previous data; in contrast, the rate of FpA' release from A'beta fibrinogen was unaffected. Thus, with A'beta fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide release from the beta chain is similar to fibrinopeptide release from the alpha chain. We conclude that the ordered release of fibrinopeptides is dictated by the specificity of thrombin for its substrates. We analyzed polymerization, following changes in turbidity, and found that polymerization of A'beta fibrinogen was similar to that of normal fibrinogen. We analyzed clot structure by scanning electron microscopy and found that clots from A'beta fibrinogen were similar to clots from normal fibrinogen. We conclude that premature release of the fibrinopeptide from the N terminus of the beta chain does not affect polymerization of fibrinogen.
Recalage rigide simultané multi-objets : contribution à l'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle robuste des systèmes ostéo-articulaires (2005)

Ce travail contribue a la comprehension de la dynamique interne des systemes osteo-articulaires complexes. La methodologie proposee s'interesse en priorite aux mouvements des segments osseux avec pour exigence supplementaire de produire une description precise de leur morphologie. La nature numerique de l'information spatiale (sequence de volumes IRM ou scanner X) et l'imprecision de toute methode de segmentation font que les instances temporelles du mouvement sont empreintes d'erreurs incontournables rendant ces dernieres imparfaitement superposables. L'idee developpee repose sur l'exploitation de la redondance d'information intrinseque a tout protocole de mesure visant l'etude des mouvements. La demarche proposee opere par mise en correspondance robuste et simultanee des instances geometriques par consensus median. A la fin du processus, il est possible de creer une surface representant l'unique corps reel a partir des meilleures zones segmentees des differentes instances.
Calorimetric Methods for Measuring Stability and Reusability of Membrane Immobilized Enzymes (2017)

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions occur in mild and environmentally friendly conditions, but are usually too costly to use in food manufacturing. When free enzymes are used, they are used once and replaced for each reaction, but enzymes immobilized on a solid support can be reused and have the additional advantage of being removed from the product. In this study, new calorimetric methods that are universally applicable to characterizing immobilized enzymes are used to determine the activity, stability, and reusability of invertase immobilized on a nanofiber support.
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Cationic and Anionic Supramolecular Polymers (2019)

The self-assembly of 3,6-disubstituted amine-linked phenanthrene trimers with a positively charged backbone leads to the formation of vesicles in aqueous medium. Previously, it was shown that 1,6-disubstituted phosphodiester-linked pyrene trimers - possessing a negatively charged backbone - assemble into sheets. Due to electrostatic interactions of the cationic and anionic species, alternated layering of the self-assembled structures is possible. The supramolecular polymers are usually preformed in their specific environment, in order to avoid problems because of different ambient conditions. Therefore, the layering on a mica substrate is done in a stepwise procedure. The structures formed by layer-by-layer self-assembly are analyzed by microscopy.
EBNA-5, an Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen, binds to the retinoblastoma and p53 proteins. (1993)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalized human lymphoblastoid cell lines express six virally encoded nuclear proteins, designated EBV nuclear antigens 1-6 (EBNA-1-6). We show that the EBNA-5 protein (alternatively designated EBNA-LP) that is required for B-cell transformation can form a molecular complex with the retinoblastoma (RB) and p53 tumor suppressor proteins. Using EBNA-5 deletion mutants, we have found that a 66-amino acid-long peptide, encoded by the W repeat of the EBV genome, is sufficient for binding. Point mutations of RB and p53 that inhibit their complexing with other DNA viral oncoproteins do not affect their binding to EBNA-5. p53 competes with RB for EBNA-5 binding. Our data suggest that the mechanisms involved in EBV transformation may include impairment of RB and p53 function.
Extrinsic n-type doping of Cd3As2 thin films (2023)

Cd3As2 provides an excellent platform for studying the physics of three-dimensional Dirac semimetals due to its stability as well as its compatibility with thin film growth. Crystals made using both bulk and thin film synthesis are unintentionally doped n-type, and other than introducing Zn to reduce the carrier concentration, no efforts have been reported to alter this intrinsic doping without major changes to the band structure. Here, group VI elements Te and Se are introduced during epitaxy to increase the electron concentration of the films. Starting from an unintentionally doped electron concentration of 1–2 × 1017 cm−3, concentrations of up to 3 × 1018 cm−3 are achieved. Analysis of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations reveals good agreement in calculated effective mass and Fermi velocity of highly doped films with unintentionally doped single crystals with similar electron concentrations. The density functional theory is also performed to study the effects of group VI substitutions and confirms no strong perturbations in the electronic structure. This work ultimately demonstrates tunability in the carrier concentration using extrinsic dopants without substantial changes in the band structure, allowing for intentional design of Fermi-level position for device applications.
New technologies for x-ray microscopy: phase correction and fully automated deep learning based tomographic reconstruction (2021)

The progress of scientific research and technology development greatly depends upon effective imaging solutions for characterizing the properties and behaviors of materials. Revealing details of microstructure, ideally in 3D, is a critical part of this understanding, whether the goal is to develop and confirm models that describe material properties and behaviors or simply to visualize structural details. ZEISS offers 3D X-ray microscopes (XRM): advanced imaging solutions that have removed major hurdles for three-dimensional imaging by achieving high contrast and submicron resolution imaging even for relatively large samples. These groundbreaking advances in non-destructive, three-dimensional (3D) imaging empower a broad range of technical disciplines.
Untersuchungen über das Rücksprühen bei der elektrischen Staubabscheidung (1959)

Abstract Die Wirksamkeit elektrischer Entstaubungsanlagen wird durch das Rücksprühen (Rückionisation) bei der Abscheidung von Stäben mit extrem hohem elektrischem Widerstand herabgesetzt. Das Rücksprühen an Schichten elektrisch niedergeschlagenen Staubes bei 150 °C an Eisensulfat, Eisenoxyd, Zinkoxyd, Steinkohle, Braunkohle, Zement, Magnesiumoxyd und Flugasche wurde untersucht. Nach den Ergebnissen wird die Rückionisation durch hohen Staubwiderstand, hohe Stromdichte und geringe Schichtdicke des niedergeschlagenen Staubes begünstigt. Besonders kräftiges Rücksprühen ist z. B. an Schichten von etwa 0,2 mm Dicke von Stäuben, deren spezifischer Widerstand größer als 2 · 10 12 Ohm cm ist, zu beobachten.