gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of Cancer-Associated Proteins in Breastmilk (2012)

Breast cancer that develops during or shortly after pregnancy is frequently more aggressive than cancer diagnosed at other times in a woman's life. To better understand the patterns of cancer-related protein expression in the breasts of lactating women, we determined the differences in total and individual protein expression in milk based on (a) three time points during lactation (early, mid, and late), (b) length of lactation, and (c) parity. Breastmilk was collected from 72 healthy lactating women within 10 days of starting lactation (transitional [T]), 2 months after lactation started, and during breast weaning (W). Sixteen proteins whose expression is altered in breast cancer (11 kallikreins [KLKs], basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], YKL-40, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and transforming growth factor [TGF] β1 and β2) were evaluated. The concentration of total milk protein decreased over time (p<0.01 at 2 months and W compared with T). After we controlled for total protein, KLK6 and TGFβ2 significantly increased, and bFGF decreased from T to W. Neither length of nursing nor parity significantly influenced individual protein expression at the W time point. On the other hand, length of nursing did influence the difference in KLK6, -7, and -8 expression between the W and T time points. Total milk protein concentration is lower in the mid and late phases of nursing. Biomarker differences between T and W milk samples in KLK6, TGFβ2, and bFGF are consistent with a protective effect of nursing.
NO, ROS, and cell death associated with caspase-like activity increase in stress-induced microspore embryogenesis of barley (2011)

Under specific stress treatments (cold, starvation), in vitro microspores can be induced to deviate from their gametophytic development and switch to embryogenesis, forming haploid embryos and homozygous breeding lines in a short period of time. The inductive stress produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), signalling molecules mediating cellular responses, and cell death, modifying the embryogenic microspore response and therefore, the efficiency of the process. This work analysed cell death, caspase 3-like activity, and ROS and NO production (using fluorescence probes and confocal analysis) after inductive stress in barley microspore cultures and embryogenic suspension cultures, as an in vitro system which permitted easy handling for comparison. There was an increase in caspase 3-like activity and cell death after stress treatment in microspore and suspension cultures, while ROS increased in non-induced microspores and suspension cultures. Treatments of the cultures with a caspase 3 inhibitor, DEVD-CHO, significantly reduced the cell death percentages. Stress-treated embryogenic suspension cultures exhibited high NO signals and cell death, while treatment with S-nitrosoglutathione (NO donor) in control suspension cultures resulted in even higher cell death. In contrast, in microspore cultures, NO production was detected after stress, and, in the case of 4-day microspore cultures, in embryogenic microspores accompanying the initiation of cell divisions. Subsequent treatments of stress-treated microspore cultures with ROS and NO scavengers resulted in a decreasing cell death during the early stages, but later they produced a delay in embryo development as well as a decrease in the percentage of embryogenesis in microspores. Results showed that the ROS increase was involved in the stress-induced programmed cell death occurring at early stages in both non-induced microspores and embryogenic suspension cultures; whereas NO played a dual role after stress in the two in vitro systems, one involved in programmed cell death in embryogenic suspension cultures and the other in the initiation of cell division leading to embryogenesis in reprogrammed microspores.
Erratum: Kalman-based autoregressive moving average modeling and inference for formant and antiformant tracking [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132(3), 1732–1746 (2012)] (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Daryush D. Mehta, Daniel Rudoy, Patrick J. Wolfe; Erratum: Kalman-based autoregressive moving average modeling and inference for formant and antiformant tracking [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132(3), 1732–1746 (2012)]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 May 2014; 135 (5): 3128. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4869982 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Numerical study on the emergence of anisotropy in artificial flocks: A BOIDS modeling and simulations of empirical findings (2010)

In real flocks, it was revealed that the angular density of nearest neighbors shows a strong {\it anisotropic structure} of individuals by very recent extensive field studies by Ballerini et al [{\it Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA} {\bf 105}, pp.1232-1237 (2008)]. In this paper, we show that this empirical evidence in real flocks, namely, the structure of anisotropy also emerges in an artificial flock simulation based on the {\it BOIDS} by Reynolds [{\it Computer Graphics} {\bf 21}, pp.25-34 (1987)]. We numerically find that appropriate combinations of the weights for just only three essential factors of the BOIDS, namely, `Cohesion', `Alignment' and `Separation' lead to a strong anisotropy in the flock. This result seems to be highly counter-intuitive and also provides a justification of the hypothesis that the anisotropy emerges as a result of self-organization of interacting intelligent agents (birds for instance). To quantify the anisotropy, we evaluate a useful statistics (a kind of {\it order parameters} in statistical physics), that is to say, the so-called $γ$-value defined as an inner product between the vector in the direction of the lowest angular density of flocks and the vector in the direction of the moving of the flock. Our results concerning the emergence of the anisotropy through the $γ$-value might enable us to judge whether an arbitrary flock simulation seems to be {\it realistic} or not.
Towards an Understanding of Multiphase Fluid Dynamics of a Microfluid Jet Polishing Process: A Numerical Analysis (2022)

The microfluid jet polishing (MFJP) process is a manufacturing technology in which small abrasive particles (such as diamond, alumina, and ceria) are premixed with a carrier fluid (typically water) to form a liquid suspension that is pressurized and expelled through a nozzle for material removal. The resulting microjet beam—with a typical nozzle exit diameter in the range from 0.1 to 1.0 mm—impinges the workpiece surface for material removal by erosion and/or abrasion and produces an ultraprecision surface. This work applies a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to analyze the key phenomena in the interaction of the liquid suspension and the workpiece surface. The liquid film characteristics (film height, minimum film height, positions of the minimum film height, and hydraulic jump) obtained from the CFD simulations are compared with the results derived from empirical formulations found in the literature. Subsequently, the numerical results are utilized to investigate the impact velocity, pressure distribution, and shear stress caused by the suspension on the workpiece surface. It is observed that the shear stress strongly depends on the injection pressure of the liquid suspension and is weakly dependent on the abrasive suspension concentration (the liquid suspension with different densities, viscosities, and surface tensions). Additionally, the particle behavior is investigated in order to estimate the impact velocity and to identify the impact and erosion zones of the liquid suspension on the workpiece surface. Numerical results indicate that ~50% of total particles are impinging the workpiece surface almost perpendicularly (with a mean impact angle of ~86 degrees) for the first time in the stagnation region, where they are strongly decelerated by the carrier fluid before they reach the workpiece surface. These particles, however, rebound on the surface and are reaccelerated by the carrier fluid, impinging the workpiece surface further in the radial direction.
Friction Compensation in Hybrid Force/Velocity Control for Contour Tracking Tasks (2006)

Nowadays robots in industrial settings are mainly used for repetitive tasks where they act as programmable devices reproducing previously recorded motions in a highly structured environment so that decision and initiative ca-pability is rarely exploited. Contour tracking is, on the contrary, an example of a complex task that requires the manipulator to continuously and autono-mously modify its path, coping with the uncertainties typical of unstructured environments (Siciliano & Villani, 1999). In many applications a robot is re-quired to follow a contour while applying a normal force; these tasks include grinding (Thomessen & Lien, 2000), deburring (Ferretti et al., 2000; Ziliani et al., 2005), shape recovery (Ahmad & Lee, 1990), polishing and kinematic cali-bration (Legnani et al., 2001). The problem of tracking (known and) unknown contours has been studied by many researchers in the last two decades. Hybrid force/velocity control (Raibert & Craig, 1981) appears to be suitable to be adopted in this context, because it explicitly controls the end-effector force in a selected direction and the end-effector velocity in the other complemen-tary directions. Actually, two kinds of hybrid force/velocity control can be implemented (Roy & Whitcomb, 2002): 1)
Simple pulse generator for pulsing xenon arcs with high repetition rate (1974)

The pulse generator described is capable of delivering up to 1500 A in a pulse of 150 μsec halfwidth at 16 pps to increase the brightness of an Osram 450 W xenon lamp.
The IGF-I Generation Test Revisited: A Marker of GH Sensitivity (2001)

IGF-I generation tests were developed over 20 yr ago and are currently used in differentiating GH insensitivity (GHI) from other disorders characterized by low serum IGF-I. Nevertheless, generation tests have never been adequately characterized, and insufficient normative data are available. One hundred and ninety-eight subjects [including normal subjects; subjects with GHI, GH deficiency (GHD), and idiopathic short stature (ISS); and heterozygotes for the E180 splice GH receptor mutation] were randomized to self-administration of either a high (0.05 mg/kg x d) or a low (0.025 mg/kg x d) dose of GH for 7 d. After a 2-wk washout period, they received the alternate dose. Samples were collected on d 1, 5, and 8 of each treatment period. In normal individuals, IGF-I generation was GH dependent at all ages, and little advantage was observed in using the higher dose of GH or extending beyond the d 5 sample. Some GHD patients had IGF-I levels, both baseline and stimulated, that overlapped levels in the verified GHI patients. Subjects heterozygous for the E180 GH receptor splice mutation did not show a decreased responsiveness to GH. ISS patients had low-normal IGF-I levels that did not stimulate beyond the baseline normative ranges for age. These data provide the first large scale effort to provide preliminary normative IGF generation data and evaluate the GH sensitivity of patients with GHI, GHD, and ISS.
229. The action of nitric acid on derivatives of coumarono(2? : 3? : 3 : 2)indole (1938)

S. R. Cawley and S. G. P. Plant, J. Chem. Soc., 1938, 1214 DOI: 10.1039/JR9380001214
Demonstration of a three-dimensional simple-cubic infrared photonic crystal (1999)

This letter reports on the use of nonselective dry and selective wet etching to fabricate a gallium arsenide (GaAs) based three-dimensional infrared photonic crystal with a simple-cubic lattice structure. A two-and-one-half-period photonic crystal fabricated using this procedure demonstrated a drop in transmission of approximately 10 dB at a center wavelength of 12 μm for normally incident angles. A shift in the long-wavelength shoulder from 16 to 15 μm was observed as the incident infrared beam was varied from normal to oblique incidence. The measured drop in transmission agrees well with the band gap predicted theoretically for this simple-cubic structure.
Forced swimming triggers vasopressin release within the amygdala to modulate stress‐coping strategies in rats (2002)

Previously, we have demonstrated that forced swimming triggers the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) within the septum of rats, where AVP modulates stress-coping strategies. The present study was designed to examine the effects of forced swimming on the release of AVP within the amygdala. Therefore, adult male Wistar rats were chronically implanted with a microdialysis probe aimed at the amygdala to monitor the local release of AVP under both resting and stress conditions. A 10-min forced swimming session caused a significant increase in the extracellular AVP concentration (to 366 +/- 90% of baseline; P < 0.05) within this brain area. In a subsequent experiment we investigated the physiological impact of the stressor-induced release of AVP by administrating the AVP V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP into the amygdala via inverse microdialysis. Bilateral antagonist treatment modulated the behavioural response acutely by increasing the time the animals spent struggling and by reducing the time the animals floated. Our results demonstrate a significant activation of the vasopressinergic system within the amygdala in response to forced swimming. AVP released within the amygdala seems to be involved in the generation of passive coping strategies in stressful situations. Taken together with previous findings the results of the present study suggest that AVP is released within septum and amygdala to balance the behavioural response during forced swimming.
Roles of Traditional Healers in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS (2008)

HIV/AIDS is not just a regional but global challenge. Globally, about 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS with 70 per cent living in the continent of Africa. Antiretroviral drugs have not yielded deserving results in checking the menace of the disease. Thus there is the need for a complementary measure to check the spread of HIV/AIDS. This paper examines the role of traditional healers and their product in the management and prevention of HIV/AIDS. The experiences of the countries using the traditional medicine and healers in the management of HIV/AIDS are examined. The paper concludes that given the necessary support, traditional healers can be integrated into research that will give hope to the entire human race in the control of HIV/AIDS.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF (22R)‐22‐HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL AND (22R)‐CHOLESTA‐5,24‐DIENE‐3BETA,22‐DIOL (1974)

Abstract Das nach bekannter Methode dargestellte Epoxid (I) (verunreinigt mit ca. 5% des 22‐Epimeren) reagiert mit der Grignard‐Verbindung (II) zum Alkohol (III), der nach Standardreaktionen in die Acetate (IVa) und (IVb) übergefuhrt wird.
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS: STRUCTURE AND SEMANTICS (1979)

This report describes an ongoing project in the area of design of distributed systems. The goal is to develop an effective programming system that will support well-structured design, implementation, maintenance and control of distributed processing applications. This programming system combines a powerful high level language and operating system features, and addresses the underlying system problems that affect the reliability and security perceived on the application level. The report presents a conceptual model of distributed computation, and, in the context of this model, discusses our approaches to inter-node communication and cooperation, reliability, and protection. One of the basic goals of our project is to allow the application programmer to work with application-oriented entities. Thus, inter-node messages, error handling and protection constraints will all be expressible in application oriented terms. The report concludes with some examples of the language constructs and an outline of the future research under this project. (Author)
Tailor-made Raman-resonant four-wave-mixing processes and their applications to optical devices (2018)

We theoretically and experimentally show the tailor-made Raman-resonant four-wave-mixing process. We also demonstrate an attractive application of this tailored nonlinear frequency mixing as an optical device, namely, nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the frequency domain.
Acoustic identification of a single transmission at 3115 km from a bottom-mounted source at Kauai (2004)

Sounds received in the Gulf of Alaska at 3115 km from the ATOC/NPAL source at Kauai (75 Hz, 0.027-s resolution, bottom-mounted) are compared with acoustic and oceanographic models. Unlike data collected at stationary SOSUS arrays, these data come from a towed horizontal array at 372-m depth of military origin. A plausible identification of the acoustic reception is made despite the fact that only one transmission is collected and sound interacts with the bottom near the source. The similarity between the modeled and measured impulse response here may be useful for understanding the signals between this same source and the NPAL array near southern California. The plausible identification of sound from the horizontal array here appears to point toward the feasibility of using other military platforms of opportunity besides SOSUS to study acoustic propagation and possibly map climatic changes in temperature by means of tomography.
SLURRY PHASE IRON CATALYSTS FOR INDIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION (1998)

This report describes research conducted to support the DOE program in indirect coal liquefaction. Specifically, they have studied the attrition behavior of iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, their interaction with the silica binder and the evolution of iron phases in a synthesis gas conversion process. The results provide significant insight into factors that should be considered in the design of catalysts for converting coal based syngas into liquid fuels.
Achieving master level play in 9×9 computer go (2008)

The UCT algorithm uses Monte-Carlo simulation to estimate the value of states in a search tree from the current state. However, the first time a state is encountered, UCT has no knowledge, and is unable to generalise from previous experience. We describe two extensions that address these weaknesses. Our first algorithm, heuristic UCT, incorporates prior knowledge in the form of a value function. The value function can be learned offline, using a linear combination of a million binary features, with weights trained by temporal-difference learning. Our second algorithm, UCT-RAVE, forms a rapid online generalisation based on the value of moves. We applied our algorithms to the domain of 9 • 9 Computer Go, using the program MoGo. Using both heuristic UCT and RAVE, MoGo became the first program to achieve human master level in competitive play. Copyright © 2008.
北美猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）的未来：下一个十年将带来什么？ (2009)

猪病对中国养猪产业的影响依旧严重，毫无疑问，猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（蓝耳病，PRRs）仍是重要威胁，其防控也成为产业面，临的巨大难题，除了技术性因素之外，是否有可能从生猪产业、科技工作者、职业兽医从业者、动物保健产业精诚合作的层面有所突破呢？介绍Dee博士的演讲也旨在对所有业内和业外人士有所启发和思考。也许在大范围持续清除PRRS将是北美养猪业的唯一选择，我们如何选择呢？
Jointly Optimized Extreme Learning Machine for Short-Term Prediction of Fading Channel (2018)

Accurately evaluating channel state information (CSI) is an extremely important precondition for wireless communication to effectively obtain exact sending data. In order to fast obtain CSI, channel prediction tends to get its popularity in obtaining CSI as a result of the advantages of lightweight calculation and negligible feedback delay. In this paper, a jointly optimized extreme learning machine (JOELM) is proposed for the short-term prediction of fading channel. The JOELM scheme consists of two key steps: intelligent optimization and targeted repair. First, in order to gain high prediction accuracy, the firefly algorithm is imported to intelligently optimize the traditional extreme learning machine. Second, the Savitzky-Golay filter is innovatively adopted for reducing potential prediction errors. Extensive experiments about computational complexity, influences of repair coefficient and weight coefficient, contributing degree of two key steps, amplitude, transmission bit/symbol error rates, root-mean-square errors, and four typical statistical properties are given in final simulation section. The analyzed results indicate that the proposed JOELM can more accurately and efficiently deal with the short-term prediction of fading channel.
Unfolded optical glory of spheroids: backscattering of laser light from freely rising spheroidal air bubbles in water (1991)

Enhancement in backscattering known as glory scattering results from geometric and material properties of spherically symmetric scatterers. The wave-front shape near the spherical scatterer is locally a circular torus. Radiation from a toroidal wave front is axially focused on the backward-directed axis. It is shown that the axial point caustic unfolds to an astroid caustic as the scatterer's shape changes from spherical to slightly spheroidal. The wave front pertinent for slightly spheroidal scatterers was modeled as a toroidal wave front with a superimposed harmonic angular perturbation. Experimental observations are displayed for cross-polarized backscattering by freely vertical rising, slightly oblate spheroidal air bubbles in water illuminated by a horizontally propagating laser beam. These patterns were recorded with a camera for two different incident-beam polarization directions relative to the axis of rotational symmetry of the bubble. Angular scattering patterns were also computed using a perturbation analysis based on use of the harmonically perturbed toroidal wave front and physical optics. Bubble oblateness was estimated from features of the angular scattering pattern and from hydrodynamic relations.
Reversible Re‐programing of Cell–Cell Interactions (2014)

The ability to engineer and re-program the surfaces of cells would provide an enabling synthetic biological method for the design of cell- and tissue-based therapies. A new cell surface-engineering strategy is described that uses lipid-chemically self-assembled nanorings (lipid-CSANs) that can be used for the stable and reversible modification of any cell surface with a molecular reporter or targeting ligand. In the presence of a non-toxic FDA-approved drug, the nanorings were quickly disassembled and the cell-cell interactions reversed. Similar to T-cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARS), when activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were functionalized with the anti-EpCAM-lipid-CSANs, they were shown to selectively kill antigen-positive cancer cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that lipid-CSANs have the potential to be a rapid, stable, and general method for the reversible engineering of cell surfaces and cell-cell interactions.