gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Leaky Bucket Algorithm for ON-OFF Data Sources (1993)

The leaky bucket algorithm has been proposed as an important element in the rate-based management of bandwidth in high-performance, integrated packet communication networks. In this paper, the leaky bucket algorithm is analyzed for ON-OFF data sources, which may be characterized by their average data rate, peak data rate, and average number of bits generated during an ON period. A fictitious queue is used to model the behavior of the leaky bucket algorithm, and a two-state Markov-modulated rate process is used to model the ON-OFF data source. The analysis applies to buffered and unbuffered leaky buckets with rejecting or marking of violating data. Simple, closed-form expressions are derived that relate the leaky bucket parameters (bucket size and rate) and the ON-OFF source characteristics to the loss and mark probabilities and the leaky bucket queueing delay. The required bucket size is shown to increase linearly with the average number of bits generated during an ON period, and increase logarithmically with the decrease in loss or mark probability. For a buffered leaky bucket, we also show that the bucket size increases logarithmically with the decrease in the average delay in the leaky bucket queue.
Magnetic Properties and Structures of Electrodeposited Iron Films (1994)

It is shown that the magnetic properties, structure, and residual stress of Fe films electrodeposited from iron (II) chloride solution are strongly dependent on electrodeposition conditions such as the applied current density and solution temperature. The applied current was varied from 5 to 100 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the solution temperature was also varied from 20°C to 60°C. Under these conditions, lower coercive forces were obtained at lower current densities and higher solution temperatures, and it appeared that the residual stress was the dominant factor in the magnetic properties of the films. The value of the Q factor of a coil composed of Cu wire coated with these Fe films was measured; the Q factor was found to vary over the range of deposition conditions studied, and was dependent on the coercive force.
Effect of Estrogen on Very Low Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein Subclass Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women1 (1997)

Estrogen decreases low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, and smaller LDL particles are associated with coronary atherosclerosis. To understand the metabolic basis for this change, we studied the effect of oral 17 beta-estradiol (2 mg/day) on apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) metabolism, in eight healthy postmenopausal women. The study was a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with intervention sequences of 6 weeks each. ApoB in very low density lipoprotein, intermediate density lipoprotein, and LDL subclasses was endogenously labeled with [D3]L-leucine, and metabolic rates were calculated by computer modeling. The overall effect of oral estrogen therapy on apoB metabolism was to accelerate the fractional catabolic rates of all particles studied and production rates of all except IDL. For light LDL (density = 1.019-1.036 g/mL), estrogen increased the mean fractional catabolic rate by 63% from 0.59 to 0.96 pools/day (P = 0.02), whereas the production rate increased by a lesser amount (42%) from 575 to 817 mg/day (P = 0.10). These metabolic changes reduced light LDL cholesterol and apoB concentrations by 26% (P = 0.005) and 19% (P = 0.03), respectively. In contrast, dense LDL (density = 1.036-1.063 g/mL) cholesterol and apoB concentrations were unchanged by the intervention, as both the apoB fractional catabolic rate and production rate were significantly increased by similar amounts, 39% (from 0.41 to 0.57 pools/day, P = 0.01) and 38% (from 434 to 601 mg/day; P = 0.003), respectively. Estrogen decreased the predominant LDL peak particle size from 273 to 268 A (P = 0.04). Thus, estrogen therapy increases the clearance of both light and dense LDL, counteracting increases in production rates. The reduced plasma residence times of light and dense LDL both may be antiatherogenic, even though, for dense LDL, the concentration did not change.
Ultraviolet-extended flat supercontinuum generation in cascaded photonic crystal fiber tapers (2013)

Cascaded photonic crystal fiber (PCF) tapers in a monolithic fiber obtained by post-processing techniques such as hole inflation and tapering have been manufactured. An ultraviolet-extended supercontinuum (SC) generation down to 352 nm wavelength pumped at 1064 nm in cascading PCF tapers has been obtained. High spectral flatness (5 dB) has been achieved in the entire visible window.
New Hollow Cathode Glow Discharge (1959)

An experimental study has been made of the properties and characteristics of a glow discharge to a nearly spherical hollow cathode. Current densities in excess of 0.5 amp/cm2 can be drawn from the cathode with negligible deterioration from sputtering. In neon, the discharge exhibits a stable and reproducible negative volt-ampere characteristic at currents of a few milliamperes. At these currents, probe measurements indicate the plasma in the hollow contains ∼1-v electrons in concentrations greater than 1013/cm3.
27Al‐MAS‐NMR‐ und IR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Aluminium‐Koordination in röntgenamorphen SiO2 Al2O3‐Festkörpern (1984)

Abstract Es wurden röntgenamorphe SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 ‐Festkörper unterschiedlicher Si/Al‐Verhältnisse mit der 27 Al‐NMR‐Spektroskopie unter Verwendung der schnellen Probenrotation um den Magischen Winkel (MAS) untersucht und IR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Die Na‐ und NH 4 ‐Formen dieser Substanzen besitzen Alumosilicatstruktur. Die zu den H‐Formen führende thermische Deammonisierung der NH 4 ‐Formen bewirkt eine irreversible strukturelle Schädigung des Alumosilicatgerüsts. Dabei wird ein Teil der AlO 4 ‐Einheiten unter Koordinationszahlwechsel in AlO 6 ‐Einheiten umgewandelt. Das Fortschreiten der Festkörperreaktion mit weiterer thermischer Behandlung der H‐Formen zeigt sich in einer starken Verbreiterung der NMR‐Signale und in einer Verringerung der Nachweisintensität. Die Übertragbarkeit entsprechender Beobachtungen an vergleichbaren Zeolithen einschließlich des Auftretens von „Extragitter”︁‐Aluminium auf amorphe Analoga wird diskutiert.
Band alignment at Cu2O/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interface: A combined experimental-theoretical determination (2010)

Cu 2 O / La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 is a promising heterostructure for the realization of all-oxide spintronics devices, with La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and Cu2O playing the roles of ferromagnet and semiconductor, respectively. Here we use x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first principles calculations to determine the valence band offset at the Cu2O/LSMO interface. The interface band alignment is typical of a p-type semiconductor/metal contact, with an interface barrier of 0.3–0.5 eV depending on Cu2O thickness. The calculated energetics indicates that the prevailing interface is between SrO-terminated LSMO and Cu planes of Cu2O.
Extragonadal distribution of primordial germ cells in the early chick embryo (1988)

Chick primordial germ cells (PGCs), after separation from the endoderm in early embryonic development, temporarily circulate via the blood vascular system and finally migrate into the gonadal anlagen. It has been noted by some authors that some PGCs are present in extragonadal sites in some vertebrates. In the present study, we examined the distribution and localization of PGCs in extragonadal sites in the chick embryo. PGCs were identified by periodic acid-Schiff staining with light microscopy. In embryos at stages 20-24 (PGCs are in the settlement stage in the gonadal primordium), approximately 20% of the total number of PGCs were observed in extragonadal regions. Approximately 90% of these ectopic PGCs were found in the head, mainly in the mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube. Even at stage 14 when PGCs were usually circulating in the blood vessels, some of the PGCs had emerged from the blood vessels and were detected in the extragonadal site. This pattern of distribution of ectopic PGCs in the head area is probably attributed to the earlier, dominant development of the capillary network, and to the sluggish capillary blood flow in that region, which allows intravascular PGCs to escape into the tissue.
Ferroelectric Nanotubes Array Growth in Anodic Porous Alumina Nanoholes on Silicons (2006)

Ferroelectric nanotubes were fabricated by the wetting on the pore wall of porous body such as Anodized Aluminium Oxide (AAO) thin films on silicon substrate. Sol-gel syntheses within the pores create the PbZrTiO3 (PZT) nanotube arrays. The diameter and the aspect ratio of vertically aligned nanopores are about 40 nm and 8, respectively. Ferroelectric properties of PZT nanotubes were observed by the Electrostatic Force Microscope (EFM). These nanotubes should provide promising materials for fundamental investigations on nanoscale ferroelectricity, and be useful in ferroelectric nanostorages media. Keywords: Ferroelectricnanotubes arraynano storagesAnodized Aluminum OxideElectrostatic Force Microscope (EFM)PbZrTiO3 Acknowledgments The financial support from “R&D Program for NT-IT Fusion Strategy of Advanced Technologies” is gratefully acknowledged. Paper originally presented at IMF-11, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, September 5–9, 2005
Deriving concept hierarchies from text (1999)

This paper presents a means of automatically deriving a hierarchical organization of concepts from a set of documents without use of training data or standard clustering techniques. Instead, salient words and phrases extracted from the documents are organized hierarchically using a type of co-occurrence known as subsumption. The resulting structure is displayed as a series of hierarchical menus. When generated from a set of retrieved documents, a user browsing the menus is provided with a detailed overview of their content in a manner distinct from existing overview and summarization techniques. The methods used to build the structure are simple, but appear to be effective: a smallscale user study reveals that the generated hierarchy possesses properties expected of such a structure in that general terms are placed at the top levels leading to related and more specific terms below. The formation and presentation of the hierarchy is described along with the user study and some other informal evaluations.
The effects of combining docetaxel and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on proliferation and apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (2007)

In-vitro studies have shown that taxanes can upregulate cellular cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the combination, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and docetaxel, on epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Four epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines (MDAH-2774, SKOV3, OVCAR and CaOV-3) were treated with the specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS398 (10 or 100 mumol/l) and docetaxel (0.1, 1 or 10 mumol/l) in various combinations. Apoptosis in the ovarian cancer cells was assessed using TUNEL assay. Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR was used to determine mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2, bcl-2 and bax. Treatment of all epithelial ovarian cancer cells with docetaxel resulted in significant apoptotic death. Concurrent treatment of MDAH-2774, SKOV3 and OVCAR cells with docetaxel and NS398 resulted in the reduction of the taxane-induced apoptosis. Similar reduction was seen when the cells were exposed to NS398 for 4 h before docetaxel treatment. Conversely, treating the MDAH-2774 and SKOV3 cells with docetaxel followed by NS398 resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis compared with treatment with the taxane alone. bax mRNA levels were significantly reduced in SKOV3 cells treated concurrently with NS398 and docetaxel; bcl-2 mRNA levels showed no change. When combining docetaxel and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in the treatment of ovarian cancer cells, the sequencing of the drugs seems to have an important influence on the overall outcome. Using the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor before or concurrently with the taxane will result in a reduction of cellular apoptotic death. This might be due to a reduction in the expression of the proapototic gene bax.
Wide bandwidth instantaneous radio frequency spectrum analyzer based on nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond (2015)

We propose an original analog method to perform instantaneous and quantitative spectral analysis of microwave signals. An ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers held in a diamond plate is pumped by a 532 nm laser. Its photoluminescence is imaged through an optical microscope and monitored by a digital camera. An incoming microwave signal is converted into a microwave field in the area of the NV centers by a loop shaped antenna. The resonances induced by the magnetic component of that field are detected through a decrease of the NV centers photoluminescence. A magnetic field gradient induces a Zeeman shift of the resonances and transforms the frequency information into spatial information, which allows for the simultaneous analysis of the microwave signal in the entire frequency bandwidth of the device. The time dependent spectral analysis of an amplitude modulated microwave signal is demonstrated over a bandwidth of 600 MHz, associated to a frequency resolution of 7MHz , and a refresh rate of 4 ms. With such integration time, a field of a few hundreds of lW can be detected. Since the optical properties of NV centers can be maintained even in high magnetic field, we estimate that an optimized device could allow frequency analysis in a range of 30 GHz, only limited by the amplitude of the magnetic field gradient. In addition, an increase of the NV centers quantity could lead both to an increase of the microwave sensitivity and to a decrease of the minimum refresh rate down to a few ls.
Supplementary Methods and Results from Enigmol: A Novel Sphingolipid Analogue with Anticancer Activity against Cancer Cell Lines and <i>In vivo</i> Models for Intestinal and Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Results from Enigmol: A Novel Sphingolipid Analogue with Anticancer Activity against Cancer Cell Lines and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Models for Intestinal and Prostate Cancer
Outcomes and Complications After Spinal Fusion in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2018)

While OSA confers greater comorbidity burden and is associated with slightly higher inpatient complication rates following spinal fusions, diagnosed OSA was not an independent predictor of inpatient mortality. A cautious interpretation of this finding is that on a national level, the current methods of preoperative medical optimization and inpatient management of OSA are satisfactory.
Efficacy of Influenza Inoculation: Intradermal versus Subcutaneous Route. (1981)

Intradermal injection of antigen can theoretically produce the same antibody response as 10-20% of the volume required for subcutaneous injection. This paper demonstrates equal efficacy of intradermal injection of Fluviral vaccine as compared to subcutaneous injection in an ambulatory geriatric population. There was no difference in adverse reactions between the two groups. A significant portion of both groups did not develop protective HAI antibody level to or more than 1/40.
OXIDATION OF SUBSTITUTED BICYCLO[4.4.0]DECEN-3-ONES (2001)

The results of the oxidation of 6-methyl-7- tert-butyldimethylsilyloxybicyclo(4.4.0)dec- 1-en-3-one and its derivative 6-methyl-7- tert-butyldimethylsilyloxybicyclo(4.4.0)dec-10-en-3-one by O2, H2O2, and t-BuOOH under basic conditions in the presence of K2CO3, Et3N, and t-BuOK are reported. The relevant γ-hydroxyenones, 1,4-diketoenone, and 1,2-diketoenone were isolated. The oxidation was found to proceed through the dienolate formation. A possible mechanism for α - and γ-oxidation is discussed.
Matrix Chain Deformation in Reinforced Networks:  a SANS Approach (1999)

A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigation of matrix chain deformation in an especially designed composite model system for a filled rubber−elastic network is presented. SANS experiments on the structure of polyisoprene homopolymer chains introduced into a well-microphase-separated triblock polyisoprene−polystyrene−polyisoprene (PI−PS−PI) system of the ABA type are reported. Use is made of the phase- and composition-matching techniques. The data are described in terms of the scattering behavior of the corresponding pure polyisoprene network at larger microscopic than macroscopic strains. The results confirm the model for the strain enhancement in reinforced networks and give the first direct microscopic insights into the mechanisms of reinforcement. A complementary small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study yields all relevant geometrical parameters of the model filler and its detailed behavior under strain.
An acoustic technique for investigating the sol–gel transition (1998)

The sol–gel synthesis of glasses and ceramics has received a great amount of scientific and technological interest. The close control of the evolution between the sol and gel states allows the elaboration of highly appropriate materials for technical purposes. The sol–gel transition can be characterized by a very rapid increase of the bulk viscosity of the medium. This work presents a non invasive technique of investigation based on acoustic resonance which can trace sol–gel evolution. Two different sol–gel matrices have been prepared from silica gels in the presence of either acidic and basic reagents. The study of the evolution of these sol–gel matrices, shows that in the gel phase, several resonance frequencies appear and increase as a function of time. In both types of matrices the evolution of these resonance frequencies follow an exponential law according to percolation models for a cross-linked polymeric network. In addition, this technique is particularly well suited to investigate SG matrices with short gelation times.
XIAP Protection of Photoreceptors in Animal Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa (2007)

Our gene therapy strategy targets the apoptotic cascade, which is the final common pathway in all forms of retinitis pigmentosa. This strategy holds great promise for the treatment of RP, as it allows for the broad protection of photoreceptors, regardless of the initial disease causing mutation.
Hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene and the Diesel Oil Fraction on NiMo Catalysts Supported over Proton-Exchanged AlMCM-41 and TiMCM-41 Extrudates (2021)

NiMo catalysts supported on mesoporous MCM-41 type materials shaped with binder were tested for activity in the hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and the diesel fuel fraction (0.92 wt% of sulfur). The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of ion exchange with protons of Al- or Ti-substituted MCM-41 mesoporous supports. The subjected catalytic systems were NiMo/HAlMCM-41 and NiMo/HTiMCM-41, and for comparison purposes NiMo/AlMCM-41 and NiMo/TiMCM-41. The samples were characterized by N2 sorption (at 77 K), XRD, TEM, XPS, SEM and Py–IR. It was found that the functionalization of AlMCM-41 and TiMCM-41 with protons increased the conversion of 4,6-DMDBT and the pseudo-first-order rate constant. Correspondingly, 4,6-DMDBT HDS reactions over the NiMo/HTiMCM-41 catalyst proceeded to a similar extent via hydrogenation and direct desulfurization, whereas over the NiMo/HAlMCM-41 they proceeded mainly via direct desulfurization. Furthermore, the ion-exchanged catalysts displayed two-fold higher efficiency in direct desulfurization than their non-modified counterparts. The NiMo/HTiMCM-41 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency in the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT and the diesel oil fraction. The high activity of the NiMo/HTiMCM-41 catalyst is mainly attributed to its appropriate acidity, as well as the metal–support interaction providing both the high dispersion of the active phase and the desirable multilayered stacking morphology of the active phase slabs.
The IST METRA project (2002)

This article summarizes the main achievements of the Multi-Element Transmit and Receive Antennas (METRA) Project, an IST research and technological development project carried out between January 2000 and June 2001 by Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, the Center for Personkommunikation of Aalborg University, Nokia Networks, Nokia Mobile Phones, and Vodafone Group Research and Development. The main objective of METRA was the performance evaluation of multi-antenna terminals in combination with adaptive antennas at the base station in UMTS communication systems. A MIMO channel sounder was developed that provided realistic multi-antenna channel measurements. Using these measured data, stochastic channel models were developed and properly validated. These models were also evaluated in order to estimate their corresponding channel capacity. Different MIMO configurations and processing schemes were developed for both the FDD and TDD modes of UTRA, and their link performance was assessed. Performance evaluation was completed by system simulations that illustrated the benefits of MIMO configurations to the network operator. Implementation cost vs. performance improvement was also covered by the project, including the base station and terminal manufacturer and network operator viewpoints. Finally, significant standards contributions were generated by the project and presented to the pertinent 3GPP working groups.
Faux disk encryption (2016)

This paper reviews the challenges faced when securing data on mobile devices. After a discussion of the state-of-the-art of secure storage for iOS and Android, the paper introduces an attack which demonstrates how Full Disk Encryption (FDE) on Android can be ineffective in practice.
Emergence of Photoswitchable States in a Graphene–Azobenzene–Au Platform (2014)

The perfect transmission of charge carriers through potential barriers in graphene (Klein tunneling) is a direct consequence of the Dirac equation that governs the low-energy carrier dynamics. As a result, localized states do not exist in unpatterned graphene, but quasibound states can occur for potentials with closed integrable dynamics. Here, we report the observation of resonance states in photoswitchable self-assembled molecular(SAM)-graphene hybrid. Conductive AFM measurements performed at room temperature reveal strong current resonances, the strength of which can be reversibly gated on- and off- by optically switching the molecular conformation of the mSAM. Comparisons of the voltage separation between current resonances (∼ 70-120 mV) with solutions of the Dirac equation indicate that the radius of the gating potential is ∼ 7 ± 2 nm with a strength ≥ 0.5 eV. Our results and methods might provide a route toward optically programmable carrier dynamics and transport in graphene nanomaterials.
Making TCP Robust Against Delay Spikes (2001)

This document discusses optimizations for a TCP sender that are most helpful in the presence of delays spikes, but are seemingly suitable for general deployment. The motivation for this work is increasing popularity of links (e.g. provided by cellular networks) that have delay spikes exceeding the usual link latency by several times. The effect of a delay spike on TCP Tahoe, Reno, NewReno and SACK is described. The document recommends timing every segment and restarting the retrans- mit timer to achieve a more conservative RTO estimate. Furthermore, it discusses how a series of DUPACKs should be treated.