gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Project Selection Using Fuzzy Group Analytic Network Process (2009)

This paper deals with the project selection problem. Project selection problem is one of the problems arose firstly in the field of operations research following some production concepts from primary product mix problem. Afterward, introduction of managerial considerations into the project selection problem have emerged qualitative factors and criteria to be regarded as well as quantitative ones. To overcome both kinds of criteria, an analytic network process is developed in this paper enhanced with fuzzy sets theory to tackle the vagueness of experts- comments to evaluate the alternatives. Additionally, a modified version of Least-Square method through a non-linear programming model is augmented to the developed group decision making structure in order to elicit the final weights from comparison matrices. Finally, a case study is considered by which developed structure in this paper is validated. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the response of the model with respect to the condition alteration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mononuclear Ruthenium(III) Pyridylamine Complexes and Mechanistic Insights into Their Catalytic Alkane Functionalization with m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid (2007)

A series of mononuclear RuIII complexes [RuCl2(L)]+, where L is tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) or one of four TPA derivatives as tetradentate ligand, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallography, and electrochemical measurements. The geometry of a RuIII complex having a non-threefold-symmetric TPA ligand bearing one dimethylnicotinamide moiety was determined to show that the nicotine moiety resides trans to a pyridine group, but not to the chlorido ligand. The substituents of the TPA ligands were shown to regulate the redox potential of the ruthenium center, as indicated by a linear Hammett plot in the range of 200 mV for RuIII/RuIV couples with a relatively large rho value (+0.150). These complexes act as effective catalysts for alkane functionalization in acetonitrile with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) as terminal oxidant at room temperature. They exhibited fairly good reactivity for oxidation of cyclohexane (C--H bond energy 94 kcal mol(-1)), and the reactivity can be altered significantly by the electronic effects of substituents on TPA ligands in terms of initial rates and turnover numbers. Catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane by a RuIII complex with 16O-mCPBA in the presence of H2 18O gave 18O-labeled cyclohexanol with 100% inclusion of the 18O atom from the water molecule. Resonance Raman spectra under catalytic conditions without the substrate indicate formation of a RuIV==O intermediate with lower bonding energy. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in the oxidation of cyclohexane suggest that hydrogen abstraction is the rate-determining step and the KIE values depend on the substituents of the TPA ligands. Thus, the reaction mechanism of catalytic cyclohexane oxygenation depends on the electronic effects of the ligands.
One confirmed and one suspected case of pharyngeal gonorrhoea treatment failure following 500 mg ceftriaxone in Sydney, Australia (2013)

Emerging antimicrobial resistance within Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is a significant global public health threat. Detection and investigation of treatment failures is a crucial component of the World Health Organisation's response to this challenge. We report the cases of two homosexual men, both treated for pharyngeal NG with 500mg intramuscular ceftriaxone, in whom a test of cure 1 week after treatment showed persisting infection. Both men denied further sexual activity. In the first case, treatment failure was confirmed, since the isolates before and after treatment were identical by auxotype, antibiogram, multilocus sequence type (MLST) and multi-antigen sequence type (NG-MAST). In the second case, the MLSTs before and after treatment were identical, but NG-MAST results were similar but not indistinguishable. These cases underline the importance of test-of-cure and molecular investigations in identifying treatment failure, but also highlight the complexity of distinguishing treatment failure from reinfection when relying on highly variable molecular targets that may be subject to drug pressure.
Discriminatory Experiences Among Black Youth: How Encounters and Expectations Explain Emotional Well-Being (2023)

Research suggests that encounters with racism are related to depression in Black youth. However, less is known about how experienced racial discrimination can influence other aspects of well-being among Black youth including their socio-emotional development and behavior. In addition, emerging literature highlights the critical ways anticipated racial discrimination may impact the emotional well-being of Black youth. To address these gaps, the current study assessed whether experienced discrimination was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, suicidal thoughts) and lower levels of socio-emotional development (emotion regulation, prosocial behavior). We then tested whether expected discrimination contributed to similar patterns. Lastly, this study examined how age and gender moderated this relationship. Across eight schools in three communities, 1435 Black youth (56.57% female; 56.40% 10th grade) in 10th and 12th grades responded to the Youth Experience Survey. Using a series of hierarchical linear and hierarchical binary logistic regressions, results found that those who experienced racial discrimination and expected discrimination demonstrated higher internalizing problems and lower socio-emotional development; however, expected discrimination often accounted for more variance than experienced. These findings suggest the multifaceted influence both experienced and expected racial discrimination have on the well-being of Black youth and can provide important insights to community prevention systems.
Environment‐Sensitive Two‐Photon Probe for Intracellular Free Magnesium Ions in Live Tissue (2007)

“Green” emission: A novel two-photon fluorescent probe that can detect intracellular free Mg2+ ions at a depth of a few hundred micrometers in live tissue was developed. The emission from the Mg2+–probe complex (green) shows little interference from association of the probe with other intracellular metal ions or with the cell membrane (blue).
Contractile activities of mammalian smooth muscles in chloride-deficient media (1961)

When the chloride ion of the medium around uterine or intestinal smooth muscles was replaced by nitrate, bromide, iodide or thiocyanate, the phasic contractions were potentiated, and marked tonic contractions were induced. The changes in the phasic contractions resembled those in skeletal muscle in having stronger and longer-lasting ‘twitch’ contractions, in exhibiting some dependence of these changes on the concentration of the substituting anions, and in having some changes in electrical excitability. The tonic contractions were accompanied by markedly increased spike discharges, which occurred with a slight increase rather than a decrease of the resting potential. Tonic contraction could be elicited in sodium-free medium by using sucrose or by using sequentially choline chloride and choline nitrate as substitutes. Distinct roles of sodium and chloride in the contractile activities were recognizable upon resupplying these two ions separately to preparations deprived of both. It was concluded that presence of external sodium was necessary for phasic contractions, and presence of external chloride necessary for relaxation from tonic contractions.
Identification of a BMP‐responsive element in Id1, the gene for inhibition of myogenesis (2002)

Signalling of BMP-2 to stimulate the expression of Id1 would be transduced by BMPR-IA and mediated by Smad1 and Smad4, both of which form a complex on the 29 bp GC-rich element.
Reversible n-bit to n-bit integer Haar-like transforms (2004)

Methods of producing reversible n-bit to n-bit integer transforms is presented in this paper. Such methods are particularly suited for hardware-based implementations, as keeping the coefficients to n bits simplifies the design of custom hardware and makes it easier to use these approaches on preexisting hardware with limited channel width. One of our methods, called table-lookup Haar (TLHaar) is an approximation of the Haar integer wavelet transform (Haar IWT). The Haar IWT takes two integer data values A and B and using averaging and differencing produces a low-pass value L and a high-pass value H, both integers. The lookup tables are created by initializing each with an identity transform. TLHaar executes up to 44% faster. Compression results are mixed, and depend on the compression method used and the image type.
Effect of flip-chip package parameters on CDM discharge (2008)

CDM peak currents (Ipeak) were studied for the same I/O pin on different dies and flip-chip packages. It is found that Ipeak has strong correlation with linear function of two capacitances: die-to-lid capacitance (CDUT) and CDUT normalized per die area (CDUT/A). The proposed physical model relates CDM current to the two competing discharge paths. The local path is from Si-substrate, where the charge collected from a few millimeters radius. This part of Ipeak is a function of CDUT/A. The global path is through a package ground plane, where the charge is collected from Si-substrate via metal routing to the taps. This part of Ipeak is a function of CDUT.
Comparison of neuronal and hemodynamic measures of the brain response to visual stimulation: An optical imaging study (2001)

The noninvasive mapping of hemodynamic brain activity has led to significant advances in neuroimaging. This approach is based in part on the assumption that hemodynamic changes are proportional to (and therefore constitute a linear measure of) neuronal activity. We report a study investigating the quantitative relationship between neuronal and hemodynamic measures. This study exploited the fact that optical imaging methods can simultaneously provide noninvasive measures of neuronal and hemodynamic activity from the same region of the brain. We manipulated visual stimulation frequency and measured responses from the medial occipital area of 8 young adults. The results were consistent with a model postulating a linear relationship between the neuronal activity integrated over time and the amplitude of the hemodynamic response. The hemodynamic response colocalized with the neuronal response. These data support the use of quantitative neuroimaging methods to infer the intensity and localization of neuronal activity in occipital areas.
Biomechanical Behaviour of Bone-Implant Interface: A Review (2019)

International audience
Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Carotenoids in Food Commodities by Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry Detection (2005)

Two methods, one to determine ascorbic acid and one to determine lycopene and beta-carotene, in vegetables and fruits by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been established. The chromatographic separation of the studied compounds and their MS parameters were optimized to improve selectivity and sensitivity. In both methods, separation was carried out with two coupled columns, first a C(18) and then a dC(18), using as mobile phase 70% methanol (0.005% acetic acid) and 30% acetic acid 0.05% for ascorbic acid determination and a mixture of methanol, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile (60:30:10 v/v/v) for carotenoid analysis in isocratic mode. The molecular ion was selected for the quantification in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Ascorbic acid was detected with electrospray ionization probe (ESI) in negative mode, while chemical ionization atmospheric pressure (APCI) in positive mode was used for the target carotenoids. The methodology for ascorbic acid analysis is based on an extraction with polytron using methanol and a mixture of methaphosphoric acid and acetic acid. Extraction of the carotenoids was carried out with tetrahydrofuran/methanol (1:1) (v/v). The proposed methods were applied, after their corresponding validations, to the analysis of four varieties of tomatoes, tomato in tin enriched and dried tomato, and to the analysis of mango and kiwi fruits, to compare the content in these compounds. Moreover, the influence of the process of freezing and the effect that the manipulation/preservation has in the content of ascorbic acid in tomato have also been studied.
Magnetic flux leakage inspection of pipelines : an operator's viewpoint (1994)

The use of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology for in-line, nondestructive evaluation of natural gas and other pipelines is a competent, cost-effective component in an efficient operation system. MFL provides a comprehensive analysis of metal loss defects, as well as other anomalies that could have a detrimental effect on the pipeline's operation if not discovered and remediated in a timely manner. This article describes an operator's viewpoint as to the benefits of including this technology in a pipeline quality assurance and integrity program.
Turf area mapping using vehicle‐mounted optical sensors (2002)

Environmental concerns require turf managers to minimize the amount of nutrients and pesticides used for turf maintenance. Vehicle‐mounted optical sensing (VMOS) measures spectral reflectance from a turf canopy that can be converted to normalized difference vegetative indices (NDVI). Normalized difference vegetative index maps may provide opportunities for early detection of potential turf problems, economic savings for fertilizers and pesticides, and improvements in turf appearance and functional quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of VMOS for mapping large turf areas. Sensor equipment was used to map a creeping bentgrass [Agrostis palustris Huds. = A. stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] putting green weekly for 8 wk. Normalized difference vegetative index maps constructed from VMOS measurements compared closely with turf response to N fertility and turf cover during grow‐in. Sensor results were highly correlated ( r 2 = 0.98) with replicated plots fertilized with six different N rates. VMOS maps clearly indicated areas of poor nutrition, sparse turf cover, and some irrigation patterns.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Epilepsy Surgery and Surgical Evaluation in the United States (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Surgery is an effective treatment for many pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients, but incurs considerable cost. It is unknown whether surgery and surgical evaluation are cost-effective strategies in the United States. We aim to evaluate whether 1) surgery is cost-effective for patients who have been deemed surgical candidates when compared to continued medical management, 2) surgical evaluation is cost-effective for patients who have drug-resistant temporal epilepsy and may or may not ultimately be deemed surgical candidates METHODS: We use a Monte Carlo simulation method to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgery and surgical evaluation over a lifetime horizon. Patients transition between two health states (‘seizure free' and ‘having seizures') as part of a Markov process, based on literature estimates. We adopt both healthcare and societal perspectives, including direct healthcare costs and indirect costs such as lost earnings by patients and care providers. We estimate variability of model predictions using probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: 1) Epilepsy surgery is cost effective in surgically eligible patients by virtue of being cost saving and more effective than medical management in the long run, with 95% of 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations favoring surgery. From a societal perspective, surgery becomes cost effective within 3 yr. At 5 yr, surgery has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $31,600, which is significantly below the societal willingness-to-pay (˜ $100,000/quality-adjusted life years (QALY)) and comparable to hip/knee arthroplasty. 2) Surgical evaluation is cost-effective in pharmacoresistant patients even if the probability of being deemed a surgical candidate is low (5%-10%). Even if the probability of surgical eligibility is only 10%, surgical referral has an ICER of $96,000/QALY, which is below societal willingness-to-pay. CONCLUSION: Epilepsy surgery and surgical evaluation are both cost-effective strategies in the United States. Pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients should be referred for surgical evaluation without hesitation on cost-effectiveness grounds.
Runaway electron studies in the startup phase of very low edge safety factor (qa) (VLQ) discharges in the SINP tokamak (1998)

Two interesting features of runaway behaviour are observed in the startup phase of the very low qa (VLQ) (1 < qa < 2) discharges in the SINP tokamak. As qa was reduced by lowering the toroidal field values, the hard X (HX) ray intensity (which indicates the presence of runaway electrons) fell considerably. The time at which the peak in the HX ray intensity occurs also shifts ahead in time, indicating premature dumping of the runaway electrons. This seems to aid the development of the rest of the discharge as exhibited by the diamagnetic loop signal.
Sampling and Ranking for Digital Ink Generation on a tight computational budget (2023)

Digital ink (online handwriting) generation has a number of potential applications for creating user-visible content, such as handwriting autocompletion, spelling correction, and beautification. Writing is personal and usually the processing is done on-device. Ink generative models thus need to produce high quality content quickly, in a resource constrained environment. In this work, we study ways to maximize the quality of the output of a trained digital ink generative model, while staying within an inference time budget. We use and compare the effect of multiple sampling and ranking techniques, in the first ablation study of its kind in the digital ink domain. We confirm our findings on multiple datasets - writing in English and Vietnamese, as well as mathematical formulas - using two model types and two common ink data representations. In all combinations, we report a meaningful improvement in the recognizability of the synthetic inks, in some cases more than halving the character error rate metric, and describe a way to select the optimal combination of sampling and ranking techniques for any given computational budget.
Reply to Comment by Borisenko et al. on article `A de Haas-van Alphen study of the Fermi surfaces of superconducting LiFeP and LiFeAs' (2011)

Recently, Borisenko et al have posted a Comment (arXiv:1108.1159) where they suggest an alternative interpretation of our de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) measurements on the superconductor LiFeAs. In our original paper (arXiv:1107.4375) we concluded that our measurements of the bulk Fermi surface were not consistent with the surface bands observed thus far by ARPES. Borisenko et al dispute this and suggest the two measurements are consistent if some of the orbits we observe are due to magnetic breakdown. We argue here that this scenario is inconsistent with the experimental data and therefore that our original conclusion stands.
Lipid-Chaperone Hypothesis: A Common Molecular Mechanism of Membrane Disruption by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (2020)

An increasing number of human diseases has been shown to be linked to aggregation and amyloid formation by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Amylin, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein are, indeed, involved in type-II diabetes, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's, respectively. Despite the correlation of the toxicity of these proteins at early aggregation stages with membrane damage, the molecular events underlying the process is quite complex to understand. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of free lipids in the formation of lipid-protein complex, which enables an easy membrane insertion for amylin, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein. Experimental results from a variety of biophysical methods and molecular dynamics results reveal that this common molecular pathway in membrane poration is shared by amyloidogenic (amylin, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein) and nonamyloidogenic (rat IAPP, β-synuclein) proteins. Based on these results, we propose a "lipid-chaperone" hypothesis as a unifying framework for protein-membrane poration.
miR‐132 loss de‐represses ITPKB and aggravates amyloid and TAU pathology in Alzheimer's brain (2016)

microRNA-132 (miR-132) is involved in prosurvival, anti-inflammatory and memory-promoting functions in the nervous system and has been found consistently downregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether and how miR-132 deficiency impacts AD pathology remains, however, unaddressed. We show here that miR-132 loss exacerbates both amyloid and TAU pathology via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ITPKB) upregulation in an AD mouse model. This leads to increased ERK1/2 and BACE1 activity and elevated TAU phosphorylation. We confirm downregulation of miR-132 and upregulation of ITPKB in three distinct human AD patient cohorts, indicating the pathological relevance of this pathway in AD.
Diamondlike carbon deposition on plastic films by plasma source ion implantation (2002)

Application of pulsed high negative voltage (∼10 μs pulse width, 300–900 pulses per second) to a substrate is found to induce discharge, thereby increasing ion current with an inductively coupled plasma source. This plasma source ion beam implantation (PSII) technique is investigated for the pretreatment and deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin layer on polyethylene terepthalate (PET) film. Pretreatment of PET with N2 and Ar plasma is expected to provide added barrier effects when coupled with DLC deposition, with possible application to fabrication of PET beverage bottles. PSII treatment using N2 and Ar in separate stages is found to change the color of the PET film, effectively increasing near-ultraviolet absorption. The effects of this pretreatment on the chemical bonding of C, H, and O are examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). DLC thin film was successfully deposited on the PET film. The surface of the DLC thin layer is observed to be smooth by scanning electron microscopy, and its structure characteristics are examined by XPS and laser Raman spectroscopy. Subsequent processing using acetylene or acetylene and Ar (20%) produced thin carbon layers that are confirmed to be graphite-dominated DLC. Also, this PSII method is employed in order to deposit the DLC layer on the inside surface of the PET bottle and to reduce oxygen permeation rate by 40%.