gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Disposition of Sustained Release Microspheres of Ibuprofen Enantiomers in Rats: II. Acute Gastrointestinal Toxicity (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine acute gastrointestinal tract (GIT) toxicity caused by the pure enantiomers of ibuprofen in male Wistar rats. A 2 2 2 factorial design in which rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups and a control group was used. They were dosed with the sustained release microsphere and conventional suspensions of ibuprofen enantiomers at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg dose levels. Bethanechol chloride (5 mg/kg), a cholinomimetic agent, was administered 30 min after dosing to induce gastric irritation. Animals were euthanized at different time intervals up to 48 hr postdosing followed by excision of stomach and intestinal tract. Blood samples also were collected during this study by cardiac puncture and stereospecifically analyzed. Tissues were examined for lesions and hemorrhages macroscopically (75 magnification) using top and bottom illumination. Macroscopic evaluation of the tissue samples revealed significant differences in the GIT toxicity caused by S- and R-ibuprofen at the 40 mg/kg level (p &lt; . 05), with S-ibuprofen being the more toxic form. Toxicity seen in the R-ibuprofen formulation may be both inherent and due to subsequent inversion to S-enantiomer. Toxicity was reduced significantly with the higher dose (40 mg/kg) of the encapsulated drug compared with the unencapsulated drug. At the 20 mg/kg dose level, no significant differences were observed between the two enantiomers. At this dose, encapsulation reduced toxicity but not significantly compared with unencapsulated ibuprofen. GIT toxicity was site-specific; high toxicity was seen in the stomach, very little toxicity was seen in the duodenum and jejunum, whereas relatively higher toxicity was observed in the ileum. High toxicity also was seen in the cecum and colon, evidenced by cecal ulcers. Monitoring plasma concentrations revealed that enough drug was released enough to subject GI mucosa to irritation. In all cases, the plasma concentrations and the AUC were higher for S- compared with R-ibuprofen. However, there was no correlation between the plasma levels and the toxicity seen in the GIT. A previous 7-hr study, carried out in our lab to assess GIT toxicity of racemic ibuprofen, showed that the racemate was more ulcerogenic at equivalent doses and within the same time interval. Encapsulation of ibuprofen significantly reduced GIT toxicity especially at the higher doses. S-ibuprofen caused greater toxicity compared with R-ibuprofen and GIT toxicity was site-specific. Greater toxicity caused by racemic ibuprofen has significant clinical implications.
Suppl Fig. S4 from Neuromedin U: A Candidate Biomarker and Therapeutic Target to Predict and Overcome Resistance to HER-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Fig. S4&lt;/p&gt;
The Relationship between Military Combat and Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

There is low SOE to support a link between combat-related TI and both cardiovascular and CHD-related mortality. There is insufficient evidence to support a positive association between military combat ± any other adverse cardiovascular outcomes or risk factors. Data from well conducted prospective cohort studies following combat are needed.
Development of a Shallow-Water Icing Model in FENSAP-ICE (2000)

As part of a modern comprehensive in-flight icing simulation code (FENSAP-ICE), a new thermodynamic model for ice accretion is developed (the Shallow-Water Icing Model or SWIM). SWIM is based on a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) and thus is thought to be superior to a control volume (no PDE) approach used in current icing codes. Flexibility in the physical modeling and flexibility in numerical algorithm selection make SWIM an attractive icing model. The complete model, numerical algorithms used, and results are presented
7‐Nitro indazole, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, exhibits anti‐nociceptive activity in the mouse without increasing blood pressure (1993)

7-Nitro indazole (7-NI) inhibits mouse cerebellar nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in vitro with an IC50 of 0.47 microM. Following i.p. administration in mice, 7-NI (10-50 mg kg-1) produces dose-related anti-nociception as evidenced by an inhibition of late phase (15-30 min) but not early phase (0-5 min) hindpaw licking time following subplantar injection of formalin (10 microliters, 5% v/v). The ED50 for this effect was 26 mg kg-1 (equivalent to 159.5 mumol kg-1). Similar i.p. administration of 7-NI (20 and 80 mg kg-1) in urethane-anaesthetized mice failed to increase MAP. Thus, 7-NI is a novel inhibitor of NOS which exhibits selectivity for the brain enzyme. Accordingly, 7-NI may be a useful starting point for the development of selective, centrally acting NOS inhibitors devoid of cardiovascular side effects and as a tool to study the central pharmacological effects of nitric oxide (NO).
Modeling of Reverse Flow Partial Oxidation Process for Gasifier Product Gas Upgrading (2010)

Biomass gasification is one of the alternatives to producing liquid fuels and chemicals from biomass residues. The gas produced in gasification contains CO, H2, H2O, CO2, light hydrocarbons and tars. Depending on the gasifier type, operating conditions and fuel, the light hydrocarbons can contain as much as 50 % of the total energy contents in the gas. The gas also contains catalyst poisons such as sulfur, as H2S and COS. This paper presents simulation work of a reverse flow partial oxidation reformer that reaches efficiencies approaching conventional catalytical processes. Furthermore, different reactor designs and parameter variations such as pressure are investigated. For comparison, natural gas simulations are included which clearly show the benefits of using reverse flow operation with lean gases such as gasifier product gas.
Supply process development with an inter-organisational and intra-organisational perspective (2010)

Using established project management theory as a foundation, the paper analyses the supply process and its impact on gains from business process development methods. Discussion of the challenges faced by the project based organisation and suggestions to improve project supply performance are presented. The findings reveal that the extent to which firms witness optimisations through such procurement is dependent not only on the intra-organisational process of corporate systems, but also on the inter-organisational perspective. The choice of concepts and final construction of the framework is informed by an empirical research of EPC projects, and a case study of the power plant is presented.
Non-contact online thickness measurement system for metal films based on eddy current sensing with distance tracking technique (2016)

This paper proposes an online, non-contact metal film thickness measurement system based on eddy current sensing. The slope of the lift-off curve (LOC) is used for characterizing target thickness. Theoretical derivation was conducted to prove that the slope is independent of the lift-off variation. In practice, the measurement has some immunity to the lift-off, but not perfect. The slope of LOC is still affected at some extent by the lift-off. Hence, a height tracking system was also proposed, which could stabilize the distance between the sensor and the target and significantly reduce the lift-off effect. The height tracking system contains a specially designed probe, which could vibrate rapidly to obtain a fast measurement speed, and its height can be adjusted up and down continuously to stabilize the lift-off. The sensor coil in the thickness measurement system was also used as the height sensor in the height tracking system. Several experiments were conducted to test the system performances under static and dynamic conditions. This measurement system demonstrated significant advantages, such as simple and clear conversion between the slope of LOC and target thickness, high resolution and stability, and minimized effect of lift-off variation.
Achieving biodiversity conservation through food security and rural livelihoods in Zambia: The COMACO model (2007)

This presentation outlines the fact that the problems facing conservation are the same problems facing rural development. It gives a background on the history of conservation strategies before focusing on the Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) model. The presentation gives an overview of the pilot project, how it has been implemented and the benefits to this form of conservation strategy. It then discusses the primary data obtained in accordance with the project, the aims of the COMACO model and the research being conducted to prove the effectiveness and sustainability of the model in rural areas of Zambia.
The predictive value of rheumatoid factor isotypes, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies for mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2005)

Patients with RA with positive RF, especially IgA and IgM isotypes, carry a risk of dying earlier than patients without these serological findings.
Rethinking the Foundations of Statistics (1999)

This important collection of essays is a synthesis of foundational studies in Bayesian decision theory and statistics. An overarching topic of the collection is understanding how the norms for Bayesian decision making should apply in settings with more than one rational decision maker and then tracing out some of the consequences of this turn for Bayesian statistics. There are four principal themes to the collection: cooperative, non-sequential decisions; the representation and measurement of 'partially ordered' preferences; non-cooperative, sequential decisions; and pooling rules and Bayesian dynamics for sets of probabilities. The volume will be particularly valuable to philosophers concerned with decision theory, probability, and statistics, statisticians, mathematicians, and economists.
No Difference in Patient‐Reported Outcomes for Periacetabular Osteotomy and Hip Arthroscopy With Capsular Plication in the Setting of Borderline Hip Dysplasia: A Propensity‐Matched Multicenter Study With Minimum 5‐Year Follow‐Up (2023)

Level III, retrospective, comparative therapeutic trial.
Identification of Prognostic Immune-Related Genes by Integrating mRNA Expression and Methylation in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2020)

Collectively, INHA, S100A16, the CpG site cg23851011, and the CpG site cg06552037 are promising biomarkers for monitoring the outcomes of LUAD.
Optimal and near-optimal resource allocation algorithms for OFDMA networks (2009)

Given the availability of multiple orthogonal channels and multimedia transmission rate requirements from multiple wireless OFDMA users, we are interested in a joint channel, power and rate assignment scheme that satisfies the given requirements with the minimum total transmit power. Algorithms for finding suboptimal and optimal solutions to sum power minimization resource allocation problems in OFDMA-based networks haven been proposed. But the complexity of finding the optimal solution is prohibitively high. We present two efficient algorithms with which each channel (subcarrier) is assigned to at most one user. The first approach, which gives near-optimal solutions, employs a dynamic programming (DP) based tree search and adopts a fair initial condition that offers every user all available channels and removes a channel from all but one user at each stage. Each removal is based on the criterion of the least total power increase. Using the DP-based solution as the initial upper bound and the partial path cost used in the DP approach as the lower bound for each visited node, we develop an efficient branch-and-bound based algorithm that guaranteed to lead to the optimal solution. The average complexities of both algorithms are evaluated and effective schemes to further reduce the required complexity are proposed. We also provide performance and complexity comparisons with other suboptimal algorithms that are modified from the existing ones.
Antisperm Contraceptive Vaccines: Where We Are and Where We Are Going? (2011)

This is a review of current status and future perspectives on the development of antisperm contraceptive vaccines (CV) and immunocontraceptives. The development of antisperm CV is an exciting proposition. There is a strong rationale and recent data indicating that this proposition can translate into reality. The search for novel sperm-specific antigens/genes, that can be used for CV, continues using various recent developing technologies. Various approaches of proteomics, genomics, reproductive biology, mucosal immunity and vaccinology and several novel technologies such as gene knockout technology, phage display technology, antibody engineering, differential display technique, subtractive hybridization, and hybridoma technology are being used to delineate sperm-specific antigens and construct CV. Various sperm antigens/genes have been delineated, cloned, and sequenced from various laboratories. Vaccination with these sperm antigens (recombinant/synthetic peptide/DNA) causes a reversible contraceptive effect in females and males of various animal species, by inducing a systemic and local antisperm antibody response. The efficacy is enhanced by combination vaccination, including peptides based on various sperm antigens. Several human novel scFv antibodies with unique complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), that react with specific well-defined fertility-related sperm antigens, have been synthesized. These human infertility-related antibodies may find application in the development of novel immunocontraceptives. Besides finding the novel sperm antigens, the present and future focus is on enhancing the immunogenicity, bioefficacy, and on obliterating the inter-individual variability of the immune response, and proceeding for primate and human clinical trials. Multi-epitope vaccines combining sperm proteins involved in various steps of fertilization cascade have been found to enhance the immunogenicity and bioefficacy of the contraceptive effect. The in vitro synthesis of infertility-related human scFv antibodies may provide unique once-a-month immunocontraceptives, the first of its kind, for human use. The multi-epitope CV and preformed engineered human antibodies of defined specificity may obliterate the concern related to inter-individual variability of the immune response.
Structural Transformation of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibers during Rapid Thermal Pretreatment in Nitrogen Atmosphere (2020)

The modification before the stabilization process could tune the exothermic behavior and the structural evolution of PAN fibers during stabilization. In this study, we demonstrate that a rapid thermal pretreatment in nitrogen can effectively mitigate the exothermic behavior of PAN fibers, such as decreasing the initial temperature, broadening the exothermal peak, and decreasing the nominal heat release during heating the fibers in air. The color of fibers has shown gradual changes from white to light yellow, yellow and brown during thermal pretreatment in nitrogen with the increase of pretreating temperature and time. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) characterization have been applied to analyze the thermal properties, chemical and physical structural difference between PAN, and thermally pretreated PAN fibers. The thermal pretreatment of PAN fibers in nitrogen could induce cyclization, dehydrogenation, and cross-linking reactions, in which the cyclization play an important role on improving the cyclization index of stabilized PAN fibers. Meanwhile, the pretreatment can result in noticeable changes of the aggregation structure of PAN fibers, as indicated by the increase of crystallinity and crystalline size. These structural modifications can benefit the main cyclization reaction during stabilization and enhance the carbon yield in resultant carbon fibers. The rapid thermal pretreatment in nitrogen could increase efficiency of modification on PAN fibers, and that could save much time and energy. It is beneficial to manufacture low-cost carbon fibers and to spread the applications of carbon fibers.
An evolutionary based optimisation method for nonlinear iterative learning control systems (2004)

Recently, a genetic algorithm based optimisation method for iterative learning control systems (GA-ILC) has been proposed in (V. Hatzikos, D. Owens, October 2002, November 2002). The strength of this method is that it can cope to hard constraints in the problem definition whereas most of the existing algorithms would fail. In this paper we extend this method to the case where the dynamical system is nonlinear and it is shown that under suitable assumptions the GA-ILC algorithm will give monotonic convergence. Simulations show that the convergence speed is satisfactory also in practical terms, i.e. it takes less than ten iterations for the algorithm to converge with a nonlinear plant model.
Control of Bacterial Virulence by the RalR Regulator of the Rabbit-Specific Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain E22 (2013)

Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) causes endemic diarrhea, diarrheal outbreaks, and persistent diarrhea in humans, but the mechanism by which aEPEC causes disease is incompletely understood. Virulence regulators and their associated regulons, which often include adhesins, play key roles in the expression of virulence factors in enteric pathogenic bacteria. In this study we identified a transcriptional regulator, RalR, in the rabbit-specific aEPEC strain, E22 (O103:H2) and examined its involvement in the regulation of virulence. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that RalR enhances the expression of a number of genes encoding virulence-associated factors, including the Ral fimbria, the Aap dispersin, and its associated transport system, and downregulates several housekeeping genes, including fliC. These observations were confirmed by proteomic analysis of secreted and heat-extracted surface-associated proteins and by adherence and motility assays. To investigate the mechanism of RalR-mediated activation, we focused on its most highly upregulated target operons, ralCDEFGHI and aap. By using primer extension, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and mutational analysis, we identified the promoter and operator sequences for these two operons. By employing promoter-lacZ reporter systems, we demonstrated that RalR activates the expression of its target genes by binding to one or more 8-bp palindromic sequences (with the consensus of TGTGCACA) located immediately upstream of the promoter core regions. Importantly, we also demonstrated that RalR is essential for virulence since infection of rabbits with E22 carrying a knockout mutation in the ralR gene completely abolished its ability to cause disease.
DOT: New Deterministic Defect-Oriented ATPG Tool (2005)

A method is proposed for combinational deterministic test pattern generation using a uniform functional fault model for combinational circuits. This includes an approach, which allows to find the types of faults that may occur in a real circuit and to determine their probabilities. Additionally, a defect-oriented deterministic test generation tool was developed (DOT), and the experimental data obtained by the tool for ISCAS'85 benchmarks are presented. It was shown that 100% stuck-at fault tests covered only about 80-90% physical defects. The main feature of the new tool is its ability to reach 100% defect efficiency for the given set of defects by proving the redundancy of not detected defects. An interesting conclusion of the experiments is also that up to 25% of the defects cannot be covered by any voltage test approaches.
Filters With Linear-Phase Properties for Repetitive Feedback (2013)

This paper proposes some modifications aimed for the practical implementation of repetitive-based schemes used in harmonic distortion compensation schemes. Practical implementation of repetitive schemes requires both to limit the gain originally infinite and to restrict the bandwidth of the controller originally of infinite dimension. Roughly speaking, each delay line in the repetitive scheme must include an associated limiting gain and a low-pass filter (LPF). However, it has been observed that this practical modifications can produce a considerable phase shift at the frequencies of interest. As a consequence, the compensation of harmonics cannot be guaranteed anymore. One possibility to compensate such a phase shift deterioration consists in modifying the delay time associated to the delay line of the repetitive scheme. However, in the case of conventional LPFs, this phase shift is usually a nonlinear function of the frequency, which makes this task extremely difficult if not impossible. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes the use of low-pass finite impulse response filters, whose phase shift can be made linear by following appropriate design rules. The idea behind this approach is that an LPF with a linear phase produces a constant delay time, which is much easier to compensate in the delay line. Experimental results are presented to confirm the benefits of the proposed scheme.
Decoding Cyclic Codes up to a New Bound on the Minimum Distance (2012)

A new lower bound on the minimum distance of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -ary cyclic codes is proposed. This bound improves upon the Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem bound and, for some codes, upon the Hartmann-Tzeng bound. Several Boston bounds are special cases of our bound. For some classes of codes, the bound on the minimum distance is refined. Furthermore, a quadratic-time decoding algorithm up to this new bound is developed. The determination of the error locations is based on the Euclidean algorithm and a modified Chien search. The error evaluation is done by solving a generalization of Forney's formula.
Experimental Censorship of Bed Load Particle Motions and Bias Correction of the Associated Frequency Distributions (2019)

Knowledge of the statistical distributions of particle hop properties (distances, travel, and rest times) enables a deeper understanding of bed load sediment transport. However, the measurement of particle hops is prone to censorship: Since many hops cross the boundaries of a spatial‐temporal observation window, one knows that they exist but does not know how long they are. An option is to build particle hop samples considering only the hops that are completely observed and excluding (censoring) those observed only partially. Such a choice, however, biases the frequency distributions of the hop properties. Moreover, censorship acts in both space and time, and a hop censored in time will also not contribute to a sample of hop lengths, and vice versa. Time censorship similarly applies to particle rest times. This paper presents a theoretical formulation of censorship that leads to nonparametric bias corrections recovering estimates of values of the underlying distributions of hop distance, travel time, and rest time up to sampling window dimensions. We illustrate the occurrence and consequences of experimental censorship, and the benefit of applying the bias corrections, for both synthetic and laboratory samples of particle hops. The corrections reasonably recover the relative proportions of frequency distributions represented by the data up to the sampling dimensions and improve the estimates of the first two moments of particle hop properties. Recommendations are given regarding how the size of an observation window may be chosen to reduce the bias to below some prescribed value, if the forms of the underlying distributions are known.