gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine learning method for generation of a neural network architecture: a continuous ID3 algorithm (1992)

The relation between the decision trees generated by a machine learning algorithm and the hidden layers of a neural network is described. A continuous ID3 algorithm is proposed that converts decision trees into hidden layers. The algorithm allows self-generation of a feedforward neural network architecture. In addition, it allows interpretation of the knowledge embedded in the generated connections and weights. A fast simulated annealing strategy, known as Cauchy training, is incorporated into the algorithm to escape from local minima. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed on spiral data.
WILL MODEL-BASED DEFINITION ACCELERATE THE INSPECTION PHASE IN THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS? (2023)

Abstract Model-Based Definition provides several benefits for communicating between engineering and other downstream stakeholders. Particularly, semantic PMI information included in 3D models benefits both CAM programming and inspection phases. However, the efficiency of generating CAM- and CAI codes automatically according to the semantic PMI information varies due to the compatibility of different systems. This paper focuses on the experiment that we made on inspecting three different parts with the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). We compared four different programming methods and found that the efficiency of inspecting depends on the serial size of the parts. The completely automatic CAI-programming method does not necessarily produce the most effective CAI code compared to the competent human programmer. This is notable, especially in large series due to achieved cumulative time savings in the inspection of each part. With small series, fully automatic PMI method and human-assisted automatic PMIfp method provide significant benefits in the inspection process due to time savings in CAI-programming work.
A new approach for identifying fiber fault and detecting failure location (2008)

Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is used to measure fiber attenuation and loss as well as locate connection, splice, crack, bend, and breakdown along an optical fiber. This paper proposed and demonstrated a MATLAB-based graphical user interface (GUI) named as Centralized Failure Detection System (CFDS) that able to measure the optical signal level, attenuation, loss and also locate the break point in faulty fiber for multi fibers in a time. CFDS is interfaced with the OTDR to accumulate every measurement result to be displayed on a single computer screen for further analysis. CFDS will identify and present the parameters of optical fiber such as the fiber's status either in working or non-working condition (occur breakdown or failure in a faulty fiber), magnitude of decreasing as well as the location, failure location and other details as shown in the OTDR's screen.
High-resolution tracking of cell division demonstrates differential effects of TH1 and TH2 cytokines on SCF-dependent human mast cell production in vitro:correlation with apoptosis and Kit expression (2004)

T-helper 1 (TH1) (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and TH2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4] and IL-5) cytokines have been variably reported to alter human mast cell numbers in complex culture systems. The effects of these cytokines on the kinetics of cell division and cell death are unknown, and their effect on mast cell behavior is relevant to anticipate the consequences of in vivo strategies that alter cytokine levels. To determine the effect of these cytokines on stem cell factor (SCF)-dependent human mast cell production, we used high-resolution tracking of cell division and correlated the results with cell apoptosis, expression of Kit, and mast cell degranulation. When IFN-gamma, IL-5, or IL-4 was administered over 8 weeks, we found each cytokine decreased the mast number through a different mechanism. IFN-gamma inhibited early progenitor cell division, IL-4 down-regulated early Kit expression, and IL-5 blocked later cell division. Further, IL-4 and IFN-gamma had the greatest suppressive effect on degranulation and FcepsilonRI expression. When these cytokines were administered to mature mast cells, IFN-gamma and IL-5 had no effect on degranulation and cell division, but IL-4 induced division and potentiated FcepsilonRI-mediated degranulation. Thus, exposure of human mast cells to IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma during growth and differentiation generally down-regulated mast cell number and function, whereas IL-4 increased mature mast cell division and degranulation.
Fundamental scaling laws of DRAM dielectrics (2002)

Dynamic random access memories (DRAM) demand an ever increasing density of storage capacitors. We show that increasing the dielectric constant K of the capacitor dielectric will not help to meet future requirements. This is because the amount of charge stored on a given area has an upper physical limit. In fact if the scaling of DRAM feature sizes and supply voltages will follow the SIA roadmap, a maximum K-value of 500 to 1000 must not be exceeded for future DRAM generations.
Mechanism of protein binding to spherical polyelectrolyte brushes studiedin situusing two-photon excitation fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (2004)

We used two-photon excitation fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy with photon counting histogram (PCH) analysis as a new tool to study the binding of globular proteins to colloidal particles in situ. Whereas fluorescence fluctuations are traditionally evaluated by calculating the autocorrelation function (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy), a complementary PCH analysis has been performed in this study which is advantageous when particle concentrations of a multicomponent system are of interest and the particles can be distinguished through particle brightness differences. The binding of two proteins, staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), to spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) was measured as a function of protein concentration and ionic strength of the solution at pH-values where SNase and BSA are positively and negatively charged, respectively. It has been found that SNase and BSA strongly bind to the SPB regardless of the protein charge. When the ionic strength of the solution is raised to 100 mM, the SPB become resistant to both proteins. These findings provide further evidence for a binding mechanism where the proteins are mainly driven to the SPB by the "counterion evaporation" force, while Coulomb interactions play a minor role. The results of this study characterize the potential of SPB as a new class of carrier particles for proteins whose use in biotechnological applications appears to be rewarding.
Selective Enhancer of Tumor Vascular Permeability for Optimization of Cancer Chemotherapy (2004)

Clinical approach using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as selective destruction against tumor endothelial cells and selective enhancer of tumor vascular permeability for effective accumulation of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents has attracted attention. However, the clinical application of TNF-α as a systemic antitumor agent has been limited because of toxic side-effects. To systemically use TNF-α as an antitumor agent and the selective enhancer of tumor vascular permeability, we assessed the usefulness of PEGylated TNF-α (PEG-TNF-α). PEG-TNF-α at a dose of 1000 JRU showed marked hemorrhagic necrosis in S-180 tumors without side-effects due to selective destruction of tumor vasculature, whereas wild-type TNF-α at a dose of 10000 JRU showed a little hemorrhagic necrosis with severe side-effects. PEG-TNF-α induced the enhancement of tumor vascular permeability. The permeability was increased at 1 h, after an i.v. injection of PEG-TNF-α and returned to the basal level at 2 h. In addition, high molecular weight of PEG (molecular weight; 500K) accumulated in tumor tissue as well as low molecular weight of PEG (molecular weight; 12K). On the other hand, PEG-TNF-α didn't affect the permeability of normal tissue and inflammation site. This data suggested that PEG-TNF-α was useful agent as selective enhancer of tumor vascular permeability with safe.
The Italian National Project of Astrobiology—Life in Space—Origin, Presence, Persistence of Life in Space, from Molecules to Extremophiles (2020)

The ‘‘Life in Space’’ project was funded in the wake of the Italian Space Agency’s proposal for the development of a network of institutions and laboratories conceived to implement Italian participation in space astrobiology experiments. Of primary concern for this project is the study of the origin of life in the Universe, a focus that will promote investigation into prebiotic chemistry in various possible scenarios, whether in polar or nonpolar solvents (e.g., Titan’s environment). Such results will link with study of the effects of simulated space conditions on possible chemical biosignatures. The limits of life as we know it will be investigated in ground-based experiments with microorganisms that have already demonstrated their resistance to extreme environments on Earth and to real or simulated space conditions. The potential survival of microorganisms will also be examined with up-to-date molecular methods. The ability of some microorganisms to produce atmospheric and surface biosignatures when exposed to simulated conditions will be tested and compared with the possible existence of biosignatures on potentially habitable exoplanets. Furthermore, the search for potentially habitable exoplanets, with spacebased observational methods, will be optimized by way of dedicated climate models with the capacity to predict the detectability of atmospheric biosignatures for a broad range of planetary conditions. The project embraces the four most important topics in astrobiological research, as listed below, along with relevant contributions from the participating Italian institutions.
Photoluminescence properties of homoepitaxial InP films grown by remote plasma MOCVD technique (2000)

Photoluminescence properties of InP epilayers grown on InP(100) substrate by trimethylindium and plasma-activated PH3 are presented. A blue-shift of the spectral position of the intrinsic emission band is observed on increasing the temperature of the homoepitaxial films. Furthermore, an enhancement of the integrated PL intensity occurs in such films with respect to those grown by a conventional MOCVD process. Radiative transitions from localized levels related to structural disorder (clustering) induced by the plasma-assisted epigrowth is proposed to account for these two particular features observed in the InP films and mainly due to hydrogen-atom-related phenomena.
Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks with laterally modulated Josephson critical current (2008)

Intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks realized in mesas fabricated out of high-temperature superconductors may be used as sources of coherent electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz range. The major challenge is to synchronize Josephson oscillations in all junctions in the stack to get significant radiation out of the crystal edge parallel to the $c$ axis. We suggest a simple way to solve this problem via artificially prepared lateral modulation of the Josephson critical current identical in all junctions. In such a stack, phase oscillations excite the in-phase Fiske mode when the Josephson frequency matches the Fiske-resonance frequency which is set by the stack lateral size. The powerful, almost standing electromagnetic wave is excited inside the crystal in the resonance. This wave is homogeneous across the layers, meaning that the oscillations are synchronized in all junctions in the stack. We evaluate behavior of the $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics and radiated power near the resonance for arbitrary modulation and find exact solutions for several special cases corresponding to symmetric and asymmetric modulations of the critical current.
Extraperitoneal Pelvioscopy: A New Aid in Staging of Lower Urinary Tract Tumors. A Preliminary Report (1980)

A new technique to obtain biopsy specimens from the pelvic lymph nodes is presented. A mediastinoscope introduced through a small incision in the abdominal wall allows the identification of the pelvic nodes. A series of 12 patients with prostatic or bladder carcinoma is presented and the feasibility of the method is documented. There was no morbidity associated with the endoscopic node biopsy. Suggestions for modification of the instrument are made. The method is now under further scrutiny to establish its place among other available methods to study lymphogenous spread of pelvic malignancies.
Social software for industrial interaction (2006)

Social software is an umbrella containing mixture of technologies, internet services, and software. Internet has already demonstrated that it can be used for building online communities and inventing new innovative web services. What about business-to-business industrial usage? Does social computing have anything to offer to industrial business environments? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of social software from the standpoint of industrial employment. This paper also includes a case study description of applying social software technologies to industrial context.
Network-based methods for human disease gene prediction (2011)

Despite the considerable progress in disease gene discovery, we are far from uncovering the underlying cellular mechanisms of diseases since complex traits, even many Mendelian diseases, cannot be explained by simple genotype-phenotype relationships. More recently, an increasingly accepted view is that human diseases result from perturbations of cellular systems, especially molecular networks. Genes associated with the same or similar diseases commonly reside in the same neighborhood of molecular networks. Such observations have built the basis for a large collection of computational approaches to find previously unknown genes associated with certain diseases. The majority of the methods are based on protein interactome networks, with integration of other large-scale genomic data or disease phenotype information, to infer how likely it is that a gene is associated with a disease. Here, we review recent, state of the art, network-based methods used for prioritizing disease genes as well as unraveling the molecular basis of human diseases.
A 0.5V &lt;4&#x00B5;W CMOS photoplethysmographic heart-rate sensor IC based on a non-uniform quantizer (2013)

Photoplethysmographic biosensing has been of recent interest, since it provides electrode-free operation for continuous health-monitoring applications. This paper presents a <;4μW heart-rate (HR) monitor IC based on measurement of fluctuations in the light intensity passing through tissue such as a finger. As shown in Fig. 22.3.1, key components of the system include a logarithmic, digital-to-resistance converter (DRC) that forms the load of an external photodiode, and a non-uniform quantizer that provides error information to a digital accumulator controlling the DRC input. As the photodiode current fluctuates due to HR-induced pulsing of bloodflow through the tissue, the feedback loop adjusts the DRC load resistance in order to maintain constant voltage across the photodiode. As such, the accumulator output, OUT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ADC</sub> [k], provides a digital representation of HR-induced fluctuations of the photodiode current, and the logarithmic implementation of the DRC accommodates 3 orders of magnitude in light intensity. In order to obtain instantaneous HR frequency, HR[k], off-chip digital signal processing is performed on OUT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ADC</sub> [k].
Synthesis and Structure of [Fe13O4F24(OMe)12]5-:  The First Open-Shell Keggin Ion (2002)

The reaction between ferric fluoride trihydrate and pyridine in hot methanol produced yellow-brown crystals of (PyH)5.[Fe13O4F24(OMe)12].4H2O.CH3OH. The anionic complex [Fe13O4F24(OMe)12]5- (1), which has a full Td symmetry, is the first example of an open-shell Keggin ion consisting of 13 high-spin d5 iron(III) atoms. The central, tetrahedral {FeO4} unit in 1 is surrounded by 12 octahedral iron atoms, which are bridged by methoxide oxygen atoms and fluoride ligands. In addition, each of the 12 iron atoms is coordinated to a terminal fluoride ligand with an Fe-F distance of 1.846(3) A. Magnetic susceptibility studies indicate strong exchange interactions between the iron atoms, the mueff value of 19.3 muB at 300 K being significantly lower than that expected for thirteen uncoupled S = 5/2 centers.
Ionized Hypercalcemia in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 109 Cases (1998–2003) (2009)

Serum-ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with neoplasia, specifically lymphosarcoma. Although dogs with lymphosarcoma and anal sac adenocarcinoma had higher serum iCa concentrations than dogs with other diseases, the magnitude of the serum iCa concentration could not be used to predict the cause of hypercalcemia. Total serum calcium and corrected calcium concentrations did not accurately reflect the calcium status of the dogs in this study.
PIP2 Influences the Conformational Dynamics of Membrane bound KRAS4b (2019)

ABSTRACT KRAS4b is a small GTPase involved in cellular signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases. Activation of KRAS4b is achieved through the interaction with nucleotide exchange factors while inactivation is regulated by through interaction with GTPase activating proteins. The activation of KRAS4b only occurs after recruitment of the regulatory proteins to the plasma membrane thus making the role of the phospholipid bilayer an integral part of the activation mechanism. The phospholipids, primarily with anionic head groups, interact with both the membrane anchoring hypervariable region and the G-domain, thus influencing the orientation of KRAS at the membrane surface. The orientation of the G-domain at the membrane surface is believed to play a role in the regulation of KRAS activation. Much of the research has focused on the role of phosphatidyl serine but little has been done regarding the important signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). We report here the use of fluorescence anisotropy decay, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamic simulations to show that the presence of PIP2 in the bilayer promotes the interaction of the G-domain with the bilayer surface. The stability of these interactions significantly alters the dynamics of KRAS4b bound to the membrane indicating a potential role for PIP2 in the regulation of KRAS4b activity.
BLUE (2001)

This paper exposes an inherent weakness in current active queue manage ment techniques such asRedin that they rely on queue lengths to indicate the severity of congestion. In light of this observation, a fundamentally different active queue management algorithm calledBlueis proposed.Blueuses packet loss and link utilization to manage congestion. Using simulation and controlled experiments,Blueis shown to significantly outperformRedin providing lower packet loss rates and smaller queuing delays to networked applications such as interactive audio and video.
Transcriptional Repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a SIN3-LexA Fusion Protein (1993)

The yeast SIN3 gene (also known as SDI1, UME4, RPD1, and GAM2) has been identified as a transcriptional regulator. Previous work has led to the suggestion that SIN3 regulates transcription via interactions with DNA-binding proteins. Although the SIN3 protein is located in the nucleus, it does not bind directly to DNA in vitro. We have expressed a LexA-SIN3 fusion protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and show that this fusion protein represses transcription from heterologous promoters that contain lexA operators. The predicted amino acid sequence of the SIN3 protein contains four copies of a paired amphipathic helix (PAH) motif, similar to motifs found in HLH (helix-loop-helix) and TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) proteins, and these motifs are proposed to be involved in protein-protein interactions. We have conducted a deletion analysis of the SIN3 gene and show that the PAH motifs are required for SIN3 activity. Additionally, the C-terminal region of the SIN3 protein is sufficient for repression activity in a LexA-SIN3 fusion, and deletion of a PAH motif in this region inactivates this repression activity. A model is presented in which SIN3 recognizes specific DNA-binding proteins in vivo in order to repress transcription.
Chemical Composition and Immunobiological Activities of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Extracts from the Cell Envelopes of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides Gingivalis and Fusobacterium Nucleatum (1987)

The chemical composition and immunobiological activities in vivo and in vitro of sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts (SDS-SE) derived from periodontopathic bacteria (three strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, two strains of Bacteroides gingivalis, and one strain of Fusobacterium nucleatum) were investigated. The main components of SDS-SE were protein and lipid, with negligible amounts of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. Immunopotentiating activity was detected in both delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody formation against the elicitation of a protein antigen with the SDS-SE preparations of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29524 and B. gingivalis 381 and 1021. On the other hand the SDS-SE of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29522 enhanced only the induction of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response. All the SDS-SE preparations had mitogenic activity to splenocytes from BALB/c nu/nu, C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice. Migration-stimulating activity for human peripheral blood monocytes was detected especially in the SDS-SE preparations of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29524 and Y4. All of the SDS-SE samples inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake in human gingival fibroblasts and caused degradation of the cells. The results suggest that the cell membrane components extractable with sodium dodecyl sulphate from periodontopathic bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.