gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
315 - Prevalence and clinical associations of tau in Lewy body dementias: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)

Background: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formed by tau proteins, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, are a common co-pathology in people with Lewy body dementias, which include dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Aims: To investigate the prevalence of tau in Lewy body dementia, and its association with clinical outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase and PubMed using the search term: (“dementia with Lewy bodies” OR “diffuse Lewy body disease”) AND (“tau protein” OR “tauopathy” OR “neurofibrillary tangle”). A total of 42 articles met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates for prevalence, and risk ratios (RR) or standardised mean difference (SMD) for clinical outcomes measures. Results: Braak NFT stage ≥III was observed in 67% (n=1399, 95%CI 59%-76%) of DLB and 52% (n=429, 95%CI 26%-78%) of PDD at autopsy. Abnormal CSF phosphorylated-tau levels were present in 27% (n=705, 95%CI 23%-30%) of DLB and 15% (n=172, 95%CI 5%-24%) of PDD cases. Higher tau burden in DLB was associated with reduced likelihood of manifesting visual hallucinations (RR 0.56; 95%CI 0.40-0.77) and motor parkinsonism (RR 0.62; 95%CI 0.40-0.98), lower diagnostic accuracy of DLB during life (RR 0.49; 95%CI 0.38-0.64) and worse cognition prior to death (SMD 0.60; 95%CI 0.44-0.76). Conclusions: Tau is more common in DLB than PDD and may negatively impact clinical diagnostic accuracy in people with DLB. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to understand the roles of co-morbid neuropathologies in Lewy body dementias.
Application of Fracture Design Based on Pressure Analysis (1988)

Summary This paper describes case studies of fracturing pressure analysis for the Wattenberg field of the Denver basin and the Cotton Valley sand of east Texas. The studies show the benefits of pressure analysis and controlled pressure designs for fracture treatments. In addition, procedures for measuring fracturing pressures and considerations for the successful execution of minimal viscosity treatments are presented.
Dispersion-tuning of nonlinear optical pulse dynamics in gas-filled hollow capillary fibers (2023)

We experimentally investigate the nonlinear optical pulse dynamics of ultrashort laser pulses propagating in gas-filled hollow capillary fibers in different dispersion regimes, which are achieved by tuning the gas pressure. When the pulse propagates in the anomalous dispersion regime we observe soliton dynamics accompanied with soliton-plasma effects, such as self-compression, resonant dispersive-wave emission in the fundamental as well as in higher-order modes, soliton blue-shifting and ionization-induced pulse splitting. Propagation of the pulse in the vicinity of the zero-dispersion wavelength results in pulse splitting and subsequent cross-phase modulation leading to the generation of an additional frequency-shifted band and a 3-octave broad supercontinuum. In the case of pulses propagating in normal dispersion we observe the generation of a broad and flat supercontinuum. In this regime, the experimental results are less well described by simulations that consider only the propagation dynamics inside the fiber. Free-space simulations of the beam propagation in the bulk gas, before the capillary entrance, suggest that this discrepancy is caused by self-focusing and ionization altering the pulse spatial and temporal shape, affecting both the coupling efficiency and the subsequent propagation inside the capillary.
Supercapacitors Based on Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbon Materials and Ionic Liquid (2016)

Cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge/discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and constant power discharging methods have been applied to establish the electrochemical characteristics of electric double–layer capacitor (EDLC) consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4) and micro/mesoporous carbon electrodes prepared from silicon carbide derived carbon (SiC-CDC) that have been additionally activated with carbon dioxide (CO2). The electrochemical characteristics for EDLCs (region of ideal polarizability, characteristic time constant, specific series and parallel capacitances) are significantly dependent on the CO2 activation extent of the SiC-CDC materials. The calculated coulombic efficiency values for CO2 activated systems vary within the range from 97 to 99.8% (calculated using integrated charge density values). The energy efficiencies from 82 to 86.5% show that the CO2 activated SiC-CDC powders are much more suitable for various power and energy storage applications compared to untreated SiC-CDC. From impedance spectroscopy the highest capacitance value of 170 F g−1 at 3.6 V has been established for SiC-CDC with the largest activation burn–off extent of carbon from SiC-CDC. The Ragone plots for the carbon materials synthesized show noticeable influence of the CO2 activation extent on the stored specific energy and specific power values delivered.
The effect of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on red cell deformability (1987)

Red cell concentrates (RCC) are stored for 35 to 42 days in plastic containers manufactured with the liquid plasticizer di(2- ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). DEHP leaches from the polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic bag, then binds to and stabilizes the RC membrane. This study was undertaken to determine the deformability of the RC membrane using an osmotic gradient ektacytometer and to relate these measurements to the concentration of DEHP in the stored RCC. Pooled RCC was aliquoted into PL146 (PVC), PL732 (polyolefin), and PL732 (with added DEHP) bags with samples removed weekly for analysis of osmotic fragility, deformability, and DEHP concentration. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was also measured. The increase in osmotic fragility during storage was greater when RCC was stored without DEHP. In addition, there was a decrease in the maximum elongation index (El max) when there was decreased DEHP in the storage bag. The osmolarity (Omax) at which El max occurred, as well as the Omin, the osmolarity at which minimum elongation (El min) occurred was higher in the PL732 container than in the PL146 or in the PL732 to which DEHP had been added. These changes could be reversed by addition of DEHP at the beginning of the storage period, showing a direct correlation between DEHP concentration during storage and RC membrane flexibility. By a better understanding of the mechanism of DEHP protection, it might be possible to substitute a less toxic stabilizing compound.
Résolution d'un programme quadratique en variantes bivalentes par décomposition application au placement de commutateurs dans un réseau (1979)

Rsolution d'un programme quadratique en variantes bivalentes par dcomposition application au placement de commutateurs dans un rseau
Parallel increases in striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and mRNA levels in rats with lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway (1990)

Adult male rats were lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine in order to destroy the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. In rats with such a lesion, we found a parallel increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity and GAD mRNA in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion at 4 weeks and 4 months after the lesion. These observations support the proposal that nigral dopaminergic neurons exert a tonic inhibitory control over the striatal GABAergic neurons. Our observations also suggest that the dopaminergic neurons can inhibit gene expression in striatal GABAergic neurons and that the enhanced striatal GAD activity following lesions of the dopaminergic projections is due to 'de novo' synthesis of the enzyme.
Miniature pulsed vacuum arc plasma gun and apparatus for thin-film fabrication (2023)

A miniature (dime-size in cross-section) vapor vacuum arc plasma gun is described for use in an apparatus to produce thin films. Any conductive material can be layered as a film on virtually any substrate. Because the entire apparatus can easily be contained in a small vacuum chamber, multiple dissimilar layers can be applied without risk of additional contamination. The invention has special applications in semiconductor manufacturing.
Crystalline Rennin in the Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese (1961)

Unsuccessful attempts to produce good Cheddar cheese with crystalline rennin led other workers to suggest the cheese-making value of substances other than rennin in rennet extract. Eight threewat lots of Cheddar cheese were made to compare the effects of crystalline rennin, commercial rennet, and the supernatant resulting from the salt precipitation of about 80% of the clotting activity from rennet extract. The activity of each rennin preparation was measured in a reconstituted substrate (60 g. nonfat dry milk in 500 nil. 0.01 M CaCl.~). Clotting solutions containing equal substrate clotting activities were added to each vat. The cheese, cured at 50 F., was of good quality, and no significant differences were apparent between treatments when graded organoleptically at 2, 10, and 34 wk. Small but consistent differences in soluble nitrogen content were noted. Cheese made with crystalline rennin yielded the highest soluble nitrogen, and that made with the supe~atant the lowest.
Storylines in intercalation chemistry (2014)

Intercalation chemistry will soon be a hundred years old. The period of greatest activity in this field of solid state chemistry and physics was from about 1970 to 1990. The intercalation reactions are defined as topotactic solid state reactions and the products--the intercalation compounds--are clearly distinguished from inclusion and interstitial compounds. After a short historical introduction emphasizing the pioneering work of Ulrich Hofmann, the central topics and concepts will be reviewed and commented on. The most important ones, in my view, are: dichalcogenide intercalation compounds, the electrochemical intercalation and the search for new battery electrodes, the physics of graphite intercalation compounds, and the staging and interstratification phenomena. The relation to other fields of actual research and the demands for forthcoming research will also be addressed.
Food Storage Stability (1997)

Perception of Food Quality, A.V. Cardello Foods as Cellular Systems: Impact on Quality and Preservation, N.F. Haard Protein Instability, R.E. Barnett and H.-J. Kim Biochemical Processes: Lipid Instability, W.W. Nawar Biochemical Processes: Carbohydrate Instability, J. Gordon and E. Davis Biochemical Aspects: Nutritional Bioavailability, K. A. Narayan Color: Origin, Stability, Measurement, and Quality, F.M. Clydesdale Effect of Storage on Texture, A.S. Szczesniak Water Migration and Food Storage Stability, P. Chinachoti Factors Affecting Permeation, Sorption, and Migration Processes in Package-Product Systems, R.J. Hernandez and J.R. Giacin Mathematical Modeling of Quality-Loss, E.W. Ross Stored Product Quality: Open Dating and Temperature Monitoring, B.B. Wright and I.A. Taub Quality Management During Storage and Distribution, J.H. Wells and R.P. Singh Freezing Preservation of Fresh Foods: Quality Aspects, D. Reid Quality Changes During Distribution of Deep Frozen and Chilled Foods: Distribution Chain Situation and Modeling Considerations, W.E.L. Spiess, T. Boehme, and W. Wolf Technologies to Extend the Refrigerated Shelf-Life of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, A.A. Kader, R.P. Singh, and J.D. Mannapperuma Ambient Storage, T.C.S. Yang Toxicological Implications of Post-Processing In-Storage or Shipped Foods, L.D. Brown, J.T. Fruin, and R.C. Worfel Consumer Attitudes and Perceptions, C.M. Bruhn Index NTI Copy (Already routed and approved)
Trajectory planning for RoboCup MSL mobile robots based on Bézier curve and Voronoi diagram (2015)

In RoboCup middle size league (MSL), the basic purpose for the soccer robots is to realize obstacle avoidance and shooting without stop by utilizing trajectory planning to provide a smooth trajectory. Consider the highly competitive and highly dynamic match environment, in fact, the trajectory planning is very challenge. The implementation for mobile robots generating trajectory is complex in a highly competitive and dynamic environment. In this paper, we propose a new method based on the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm, Bézier curve and Voronoi diagram to create geometric paths. Since the acceleration and velocity limitation should be taken into account, we then transform the geometric paths into a smooth trajectory with specified acceleration and velocity. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Next generation calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (2009)

It has been close to a century since calcium phosphate materials were first used as bone graft substitutes. Numerous studies conducted in the last two decades have produced a wealth of information on the chemistry, in vitro properties, and biological characteristics of granular calcium phosphates and calcium phosphate cement biomaterials. An in depth analysis of several key areas of calcium phosphate cement properties is presented with the aim of developing strategies that could lead to break-through improvements in the functional efficacies of these materials.
Toward Sustainability (2014)

After the formal initiative is finished, the project team continues working to secure and perpetuate the progress made in reducing Foley usage and institutionalizing the bladder bundle checklist. Members put into effect plans formulated during the initiative’s early days. The evaluation of catheter use and of infection rates goes on, though the data collection intervals are farther apart. Successes are promoted throughout the hospital, a reminder that the initiative continues. A major mission: To identify backsliders and realign them. Because of the possibility that champions will leave the hospital or be reassigned, current champions are urged to develop their replacements. And the team makes sure that the orientation process for new arrivals to the hospital includes CAUTI prevention information and the hospital’s protocols concerning Foley insertion and removal.
Immunoglobulin Analysis and Epitope Mapping of F VIII Inhibitor Antibodies Developed in Two Nonhemophilic Patients Determined by Immunoblotting (1991)

We analyzed and determined immunoglobulin class and epitope mapping of F VIII inhibitor antibodies developed in two nonhemophilic patients. Case 1 (H. N.) is a 58-year-old female with Diabetes Mellitus but no previous history of bleeding, and Case 2 (M. U.) is 29-year-old woman who developed an antibody to factor VIII in the postpartum period. The type of antibody derived from H. N. was IgG heavy chain, both κ and λ light chain, and type of antibody from M. U. was IgG heavy chain, κ light chain. The inhibitor disappeared after 14 month immunosuppressive therapy in the patient H. N., whereas only 2 months in the latter patient. Although the clinical course, titer of inhibitors, type of immunoglobulin light chain and underlying diseases were different, these two IgG components similarly reacted with the 92-kd and 80-kd polypeptides of plasma-derived F VIII and 44-kd and 72-kd polypeptides of thrombin treated F VIII, respectively. Control hemophilic antibody also bound to the same polypeptides. We concluded that inhibitors analyzed were not monoclonal and that the immunoglobulin class of the inhibitors and F VIII peptide reactivity were not necessarily correlated.
Difference in Celiac Disease Risk Between Swedish Birth Cohorts Suggests an Opportunity for Primary Prevention (2008)

The difference in celiac disease risk between birth cohorts at comparable ages suggests an opportunity for primary prevention. This highlights the importance of further exploring the role of infant feeding and exogenous factors besides dietary gluten that might initiate or prevent disease development. Moreover, on the basis of postepidemic incidence trends, we speculate that the Swedish epidemic might not have been as unique as thought previously, although its magnitude was striking.
Defining the roles of perforin, Fas/FasL, and tumour necrosis factor α in T cell induced mucosal damage in the mouse intestine (2002)

T cell induced mucosal injury is mediated by the combined effect of multiple pathways but predominantly by perforin. The redundancy of the mechanisms of tissue damage will have significant impact on therapeutic strategies aimed at specific and targeted inhibition of inflammatory processes.
The use of hybrid models to recover cardiac wall motion in tagged MR images (1996)

We present a new algorithm for the automatic recovery of tag grid-line intersections in Tagged MR images of the left ventricle of the heart. Our method uses an active spring mesh to capture local properties of the motion and a global motion model to capture the global coherence of the motion. We recover the global component of the motion using robust estimation. Different motion models have been developed for short and long axis views of the heart. The algorithm has been tested on healthy and pathological data.
Magnetic properties of the layered compoundLixV1−yMyS2(M=Fe,Co,orNi;x≤1.0,y≤0.33) (1981)

Previous studies of the intercalated layered compounds ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{y}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ for $0.1\ensuremath{\le}y\ensuremath{\le}0.5$ are extended to lower concentrations, $0.1\ensuremath{\ge}y\ensuremath{\ge}0.01$, and to substitutional metals other than Fe (Co and Ni). When no Li is intercalated ($x=0$), no paramagnetic moments are observed independent of the substitutional metal (Fe, Co, or Ni), consistent with the previous report for Fe. At full intercalation ($x=1.0$), the present results show that the substitutional metals develop a paramagnetic moment. This moment is less than that expected for the divalent state of the substitutional metals in an ionic environment, suggesting partial delocalization of the substitutional metal $d$ electrons into the conduction band of the metallic host.
Spatial resolution of large monolithic detector : performance evaluation with two positioning algorithms (2020)

Monolithic detectors offer a high-resolution alternative to the segmented detector design [1] Economically more attractive for detector resolution of <2 mm high cost of manufacturing segmented scintillator arrays Trend towards total body (TB) PET imaging requires a large increase of detectors (x10) Systems with smaller or adaptive bore could favour from intrinsic resolutions of as good as 0.9 mm [2] [3]
Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Equilibration of Push-Pull Carbonyl and Ammonium Ylides. A Computationally Based Understanding of the Reaction Pathway (2000)

α-Diazo esters containing an amido group in the γ-position have been found to undergo a rhodium(II)-catalyzed transformation, producing five-membered ammonium or carbonyl ylides depending on the reaction conditions used. In the absence of an external dipolarophile, ammonium ylides are the exclusive products formed. In most cases these ylides cannot be isolated as they readily undergo sigmatropic rearrangement or fragmentation reactions. In the presence of typical dipolarophiles such as DMAD or N-phenylmaleimide, cycloaddition products derived from cyclic carbonyl ylide dipoles are formed as the major products. The rhodium carbenoid intermediate generated in these reactions can either attack the lone pair of electrons on the amide nitrogen (ammonium ylide formation) or the lone pair of electrons on the carbonyl oxygen (carbonyl ylide formation). The experimental observations reflect a catalyst-promoted system of equilibria with a clear-cut thermodynamic bias. To examine the underlying mechanism in detail, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on all plausible intermediates, including the full dirhodium tetracarboxylate functionality. A semiquantitative energy manifold is developed that rationalizes the empirical observations and provides a detailed picture of the role of the dirhodium(II) catalyst.
Editor's Note (1996)

Thomas C. Owen returns to edit the second issue of this journal devoted to the history of the Russian economy, government economic policy, and business enterprise. Since his first issue (Summer 1995), Professor Owen's latest book, Russian Corporate Capitalism from Peter the Great to Perestroika, has been published by Oxford University Press. In January 1996 he lectured in Moscow on Russian capitalism for the Harvard Institute for International Development.
Towards Room Temperature Biaxial Nematics (2009)

A series of new liquid crystalline compounds based on the 2,5-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (ODBP) core was synthesized in an effort to access the biaxial nematic phase at low temperatures. Derivatives with secondary terminal alkoxy groups and derivatives with either two or four lateral methyl groups were prepared. Secondary alkoxy terminal groups either suppressed mesophase formation altogether or increased the nematic onset temperature relative to primary groups. The dimethylated derivatives showed significant reductions in the nematic onset temperatures compared to the previously reported unmethylated compounds. The tetramethylated analogs generally possessed low clearing temperatures, but exhibited only monotropic mesomorphism.
Creation and Visualization of User Behavior in Ambient Intelligent Environment (2008)

Ambient intelligence is a rapidly developing field producing a new generation of applications and services demanding new, more complex strategies for usability testing and evaluation. In this paper, we identify caveats of traditional methods of application usability testing when applied to an ambient intelligent environment and we introduce a method for unified analysis of user behavior using a virtual environment visualization. For the usability testing in ambient environments, we propose to transform data (both data recorded in real settings and data artificially created by experts) into a virtual environment to cope with the following issues: a) overwhelming amount of data, b) proprietary data formats, and c) ethical codices issues. We describe a tool for creation of expert evaluation data and for transformation of data from video recordings and illustrate its use on two cases.
Experience with Ers-1 Sar Signal Processing at the German Paf (2005)

Results from the ERS-1 commissioning and product validation phase at the D-PAF are presented from the signal processing point of view. The characteristics of ERS-1 data are tracked through the processing chain. Typical parameters are given in order to support those who want to process ERS-1 raw data themselves. Some of the product validation procedures performed at the D-PAF are presented to show potential users what they can expect from ERS-1 products.
Characterizing individual gate power sensitivity in low power design (1999)

Accuracy of gate level power estimation is very important because the decisions for power optimization are made based on estimation. In addition to the logical values of the primary inputs and the state of the circuit, there are a wide variety of other parameters that affect the switching activity of individual gates. Some of these factors include layout considerations such as transistor sizes, process considerations such as the supply voltage or parameters such as T/sub ox/, and finally timing considerations such as the gate delay model and the arrival time of the input signals. in this paper, we present empirical data that quantifies the relative impact of these factors on a wide variety of example circuits. The data indicates that if these factors are not taken into account, most gate level power estimates will be very inaccurate, and consequently most power estimation techniques will be of limited use.