gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure ofEscherichia coliBamB and its interaction with POTRA domains of BamA (2012)

In Escherichia coli, the BAM complex is essential for the assembly and insertion of outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The BAM complex is comprised of an integral β-barrel outer membrane protein BamA and four accessory lipoproteins BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE. Here, the crystal structure of BamB is reported. The crystal of BamB diffracted to 2.0 Å with one monomer in the asymmetric unit and the structure is composed of eight-bladed β-propeller motifs. Pull-down and Western blotting assays indicate that BamB interacts directly with the POTRA 1-3 domain of BamA and the C-terminal region of the POTRA 1-3 domain plays an important role in the interaction, while the POTRA 1-2 domain is not required for the interaction.
Robust Optimal Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control of Quadrotor Helicopter (2017)

This paper focuses on robust optimal adaptive control strategy to deal with tracking problem of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in presence of parametric uncertainties, actuator amplitude constraints, and unknown time-varying external disturbances. First, Lyapunov-based indirect adaptive controller optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) is developed for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear quadrotor to prevent input constraints violation, and then disturbance observer-based control (DOBC) technique is aggregated with the control system to attenuate the effects of disturbance generated by an exogenous system. The performance of synthesis control method is evaluated by a new performance index function in time-domain, and the stability analysis is carried out using Lyapunov theory. Finally, illustrative numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach in altitude and attitude tracking under several conditions, including large time-varying uncertainty, exogenous disturbance, and control input constraints.
MAdLens: Investigating Into Android In-App Ad Practice at API Granularity (2019)

In-app advertising has served as the major revenue source for millions of app developers in the mobile Internet ecosystem. Ad networks play an important role in app monetization by providing third-party libraries for developers to choose and embed into their apps. Various ad mediations help developers manage all of the ad libraries used in apps to show the best available ad among received ads from different ad network servers. However, developers lack guidelines on how to choose from hundreds of ad networks or ad mediations and various ad features to maximize their revenues without hurting the user experience of their apps. Our work aims to provide app developers guidelines on the selection of ad networks, ad mediations, and ad placement by observing current common practices. To this end, we investigate 838 unique APIs from 207 ad networks which are extracted from 277,616 Android apps, develop a methodology of ad type classification based on UI interaction and behavior, and perform a large scale measurement study of in-app ads with static analysis techniques at the API granularity. We found that developers have more choices about ad networks than several years before. Most developers are conservative about ad placement and about 77 percent of the apps contain at most one ad library. Besides, the likeliness of an app containing ads depends on the app category to which it belongs. Furthermore, we propose a terminology and classify mobile ads into five ad types: Embedded, Popup, Notification, Offerwall, and Floating. Also, our research shows that it is a better solution for developers to integrate ad libraries with ad mediation feature in their apps because it may avoid bad ratings and improve user experience. And in our findings, more than 95 percent of embedded, popup, notification, and offer ads locate in the zero activity (main activity), the first activity and the second activity of Android apps. More interestingly, developers tend to put high aggressive ads on activities which need deeper user interaction. Our research is the first to reveal the preference of both developers and users for ad networks, ad mediation feature and ad types.
Oxytocin Signaling Regulates the Homeostatic Response to Cold Stress in Poikilothermic Vertebrates (2021)

Abstract When exposed to low temperature, homeothermic vertebrates maintain internal body temperature by activating thermogenesis and by altered metabolism, synchronized by neuroendocrine responses. Although such physiological responses also occur in poikilothermic vertebrates, the prevailing notion is that their reactions are passive. Here, we explored molecular hypothalamic and physiological responses to cold stress in the tropical poikilotherm Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). We show that cold exposed tilapia exhibit complex homeostatic responses, including increased hypothalamic oxytocin, plasma glucose and cortisol concomitant with reduced plasma lactate and metabolic rate. Pharmacological or genetic blockage of oxytocin signaling further affected metabolic rate in two cold-exposed poikilothermic models. This indicates that oxytocin, a known thermoregulator in homeotherms, actively regulates temperature-related homeostasis in poikilotherms. Overall, our findings show that the brain of poikilotherms actively responds to cold temperature by regulating metabolic physiology. Moreover, we identify oxytocin signaling as an adaptive and evolutionarily conserved metabolic regulator of temperature-related homeostasis.
Automated API Testing (2018)

Application programming interface, or API, is a piece of code that enables two software components to interact. Recent software applications are becoming distributed across various servers that interact with back-end utilities through standardised interfaces. Software applications provide a part of their data and business logic through APIs with the end goal to produce extra revenue called API economy. The number of APIs are expanding exponentially with every year. Thus, directing automated tests on the APIs has turned into a pivotal step in software development process since malfunctioning or ineffective APIs can result in lower acquisition of product and ultimately loss in revenue. API testing is crucial to ensure functionality, reliability, security and delivery of business logic. Major challenges faced during automated API testing include sequencing API calls, comparing unpredictable response, handling planned failed test cases, parallel API execution and handling parameter reliance. This paper presents proposed automated API testing tool and literature survey of automated API testing.
Dye laser pumped by radiation from a cw YAG:Nd3+laser with intracavity second harmonic generation (1982)

An experimental study was made of lasing in dyes pumped by radiation from a cw YAG:Nd3+ laser with intracavity second harmonic generation in an LiIO3 crystal. The parameters of the tunable dye laser radiation were not inferior to those obtained by pumping dyes with high-power argon laser radiation.
A high temperature reduction cleaning (HTRC) process: a novel method for conductivity recovery of yttrium-doped barium zirconate electrolytes (2016)

A novel high temperature reduction cleaning (HTRC) process to recover the electrical conductivity of Y-doped barium zirconate electrolytes from Ni contamination.
7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chroman and Broussonin B: Neurotrophic Compounds, Isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE, Function as Proteasome Inhibitors (2005)

The extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE) showed neurotrophic activity toward rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Bioassay-guided purification afforded four compounds, 2,6,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (1), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chroman (2), broussonin B (3), and cis-hinokiresinol (4). Compounds 1-3 induced neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells at concentration of 50 microg/ml, while 4 was less active. In addition, compounds 2-4 showed moderate inhibitory activities against a chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome.
Bcl-2 Expression in Pericytes and Astrocytes Impacts Vascular Development and Homeostasis (2019)

B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein is the founding member of a group of proteins known to modulate apoptosis. Its discovery set the stage for identification of family members with either pro- or anti-apoptotic properties. Expression of Bcl-2 plays an important role during angiogenesis by influencing not only vascular cell survival, but also migration and adhesion. Although apoptosis and migration are postulated to have roles during vascular remodeling and regression, the contribution of Bcl-2 continues to emerge. We previously noted that the impaired retinal vascularization and an inability to undergo pathologic neovascularization observed in mice globally lacking Bcl-2 did not occur when mice lacked the expression of Bcl-2 only in endothelial cells. To further examine the effect of Bcl-2 expression during vascularization of the retina, we assessed its contribution in pericytes or astrocytes by generating mice with a conditional Bcl-2 allele (Bcl-2<sup>Flox/Flox</sup>) and Pdgfrb-cre (Bcl-2<sup>PC</sup> mice) or Gfap-cre (Bcl-2<sup>AC</sup> mice). Bcl-2<sup>PC</sup> and Bcl-2<sup>AC</sup> mice demonstrated increased retinal vascular cell apoptosis, reduced numbers of pericytes and endothelial cells and fewer arteries and veins in the retina. Bcl-2<sup>PC</sup> mice also demonstrated delayed advancement of the superficial retinal vascular layer and aberrant vascularization of the deep vascular plexus and central retina. Although pathologic neovascularization in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR) was not affected by lack of expression of Bcl-2 in either pericytes or astrocytes, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was significantly reduced in Bcl-2<sup>PC</sup> mice compared to littermate controls. Together these studies begin to reveal how cell autonomous modulation of apoptosis in vascular cells impacts development and homeostasis.
Enantioselective Heck‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by tropos‐Pd(II) Complex with Chiraphos Ligand (2005)

Abstract The Pd(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective organoboron‐mediated Heck‐type reaction is shown to proceed under molecular oxygen as an oxidant. The Pd(OAc) 2 /( S,S )‐chiraphos catalyst gives good yield and the best enantioselectivity. Among the two possible δ‐ and λ‐conformations in equilibrium, this reaction proceeds via the λ‐conformation of chiraphos with the two methyl groups in a diaxial orientation.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement in Failed Bioprosthetic Valve, Ring, and Mitral Annular Calcification Associated Mitral Valve Disease Using Balloon Expandable Transcatheter Heart Valve (2023)

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) using the SAPIEN platform has been performed in failed bioprosthetic valves (valve-in-valve), surgical annuloplasty rings (valve-in-ring), and native valves with mitral annular calcification (MAC) (valve-in-MAC). Experience over the past decade has identified important challenges and solutions to improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the indication, trend in utilization, unique challenges, procedural planning, and clinical outcomes of valve-in-valve, valve-in-ring, and valve-in-MAC TMVR.
Nanoparticles of wurtzite aluminum nitride from the nut shells (2016)

Nanoparticles of aluminum nitride were produced from a thermal treatment of a mixture of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and shells of almond, cashew, coconuts, pistachio, and walnuts in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures in excess of 1450 °C. By selecting the appropriate ratios of each nut powder to Al2O3, it is shown that stoichiometric aluminum nitride can be produced by carbo-thermal reduction in nitrogen atmosphere. Using x-ray diffraction analysis, Raman scattering and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that aluminum nitride consists of pure wurtzite phase. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of nanoparticles and in some cases nanotubes of AlN.
ChemInform Abstract: Ampullosporin, a New Peptaibol‐Type Antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI‐0053 with Neuroleptic Activity in Mice. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Results of a 25-Year Longitudinal Analysis of the Serologic Incidence of Syphilis in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients With Unrestricted Access to Care (2012)

The significant burden of disease both at and after HIV diagnosis, observed in this cohort, suggests that the cost-effectiveness of extending syphilis screening to at-risk military members should be assessed. In addition, HIV-infected persons continue to acquire syphilis, emphasizing the continued importance of prevention for positive programs.
Self-Assembled TaOX/2H-TaS2 as a van der Waals Platform of a Multilevel Memristor Circuit Integrated with a β-Ga2O3 Transistor (2023)

Two-dimensional (2D)-layered material tantalum disulfide (2H-TaS<sub>2</sub>) is known to be a van der Waals conductor at room temperature. Here, 2D-layered TaS<sub>2</sub> has been partially oxidized by utraviolet-ozone (UV-O<sub>3</sub>) annealing to form a 12-nm-thin TaO<sub>X</sub> on conducting TaS<sub>2</sub>, so that the TaO<sub>X</sub>/2H-TaS<sub>2</sub> structure might be self-assembled. Utilizing the TaO<sub>X</sub>/2H-TaS<sub>2</sub> structure as a platform, each device of a β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> channel MOSFET and a TaO<sub>X</sub> memristor has been successfully fabricated. An insulator structure of Pt/TaO<sub>X</sub>/2H-TaS<sub>2</sub> shows good a dielectric constant (<i>k</i> ∼ 21) and strength (∼3 MV/cm) of achieved TaO<sub>X</sub>, which is enough to support a β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transistor channel. Based on the quality of TaO<sub>X</sub> and low trap density of the TaO<sub>X</sub>/β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interface, which is achieved via another UV-O<sub>3</sub> annealing, excellent device properties such as little hysteresis (<∼0.04 V), band-like transport, and a steep subthreshold swing of ∼85 mV/dec are achieved. With a Cu electrode on top of the TaO<sub>X</sub>/2H-TaS<sub>2</sub> structure, the TaO<sub>X</sub> acts as a memristor operating around ∼2 V for nonvolatile bipolar and unipolar mode memories. The functionalities of the TaO<sub>X</sub>/2H-TaS<sub>2</sub> platform become more distinguished finally when the Cu/TaO<sub>X</sub>/2H-TaS<sub>2</sub> memristor and β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> MOSFET are integrated to form a resistive memory switching circuit. The circuit nicely demonstrates the multilevel memory functions.
The protective effects of Propolis on hepatic injury and its mechanism (2003)

AbstractPropolis (PP) is a sticky substance that is collected from plants by honeybees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of PP on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AA, paracetamol) and the mechanism of its hepatoprotective effect. In rat hepatocyte culture, pretreatment with PP (1, 10, 100, 200 and 400 microg/mL, 24 h) significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of AA (0.5 mm) in a dose-dependent manner. In mice, pretreatment with PP (10 and 25 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) also decreased the mortality and the incidence and severity of hepatic necrosis induced by AA (400 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatment with PP for 7 days, the hepatic enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP-glucuronyltransferase, phenolsulphotransferase (PST), glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in both rats and mice. In rats, PP (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the activity of P4502E1, but significantly increased the activities of GST and PST. On the other hand, in mice treated with PP (10 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), the activities of P4501A2, 2B1, 3A4 and 2E1 were dramatically inhibited, and the activity of PST was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that PP has a protective effect on hepatic injury, and that its effect may be explained by inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes.
Mutagenic activation of IQ, PhIP, and MeIQx by hepatic microsomes from rat, monkey and man: low mutagenic activation of MeIQx in cynomolgus monkeys in vitro reflects low DNA adduct levels in vivo (1993)

Cooked meat, poultry and fish contain a number of mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines, including 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). In the present study we examined the capacity of hepatic microsomes from Fischer 344 rats, cynomolgus monkeys and humans to metabolically activate IQ, MeIQx and PhIP in vitro using the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. The mutagenic activation of IQ was similar among the three species; however, there were significant differences among the species in the activation of PhIP and MeIQx. Liver microsomes from humans showed the greatest capacity to activate PhIP and MeIQx, followed by rats, and then monkeys. The largest differences between the species were observed when MeIQx was used as the mutagen. MeIQx-DNA adducts formed in vivo were then compared among rats and monkeys given MeIQx by gavage (20 mg/kg/day, 10 doses). 32P-Postlabeling analysis, carried out under intensification conditions, was used to examine MeIQx-DNA adducts in the liver, kidney, heart, colon and white blood cells. MeIQx-DNA adducts were highest in all tissues examined from male rats, followed by female rats, and much lower in monkeys. In the liver, the total MeIQx-DNA adduct levels of monkeys were approximately 19 and approximately 10 times lower than in male and female rats respectively. In extrahepatic tissues, the differences in MeIQx-DNA adduct levels between monkeys and rats were even greater. The results suggest that the low level of MeIQx-DNA adducts found in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys reflects a low capacity to activate MeIQx via the hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system.
Carbenes as Pure Donor Ligands:  Theoretical Study of Beryllium−Carbene Complexes1 (1997)

Quantum chemical ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-31G(d) level of theory are reported for the beryllium−carbene complexes Be(CX2)n2+ (X = H, F; n = 1−4), ClBe(CX2)n+ (X = H, F; n = 1−3), and Cl2Be(CX2)n (X = H, F; n = 1, 2). The complex ClBe(C(NH2)2)3+ has also been calculated. Where feasible, the bond energies of some molecules are reported at MP4/6-311G(d)//MP2/6-31G(d). Analysis of the bonding situation with the help of the natural bond orbital method shows that the carbene ligands are pure donors in the complexes. The dications Be(CX2)n2+ (X = H, F; n = 1−4) have strong Be2+−C donor−acceptor bonds. The bond strengths decrease clearly when the number of ligands increases from n = 1 to 4. The CH2 complexes have stronger Be−C bonds than the CF2 complexes. Yet, the CH2 complexes are chemically less stable than the CF2 complexes for kinetic reasons. The carbon p(π) orbital of methylene stays nearly empty in the complexes, which makes them prone to nucleophilic attack. All theoretical evidence indicates that the dominant factor which determines the chemical stability of carbenes and carbene complexes is the population of the carbon p(π) orbital. The chemical instability of the methylene complexes becomes obvious by the geometry optimizations of ClBe(CH2)2+, ClBe(CH2)3+, Cl2Be(CH2), and Cl2Be(CH2)2, which lead to rearranged structures as energy minimum forms. The C−H bonds and particularly the C−F bonds of the ligands are shorter than in free CH2 and CF2. The carbon atom of CF2 becomes electronically stabilized in the complexes via p(π) donation from fluorine. This finding suggests that carbene ligands, which are unstable as free molecules, may become sufficiently stabilized to be isolated even in complexes without metal → carbene back-donation.
The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY): genetic criteria and international diabetes risk screening of 421 000 infants (2011)

Different low-cost and low-resolution genotyping methods are useful for the efficient and accurate identification of a high-risk cohort for follow-up based on the TEDDY HLA inclusion criteria.
The evolution of down‐scale virus filtration equipment for virus clearance studies (2014)

The role of virus filtration in assuring the safety of biopharmaceutical products has gained importance in recent years. This is due to the fundamental advantages of virus filtration, which conceptually can remove all pathogens as long as their size is larger than the biomolecule of commercial interest, while at the same time being neutral to the biological activity of biopharmaceutical compound(s). Major progress has been made in the development of adequate filtration membranes that can remove even smaller viruses, or possibly even all. Establishing down-scaled models for virus clearance studies that are fully equivalent with respect to operating parameters at manufacturing scale is a continuing challenge. This is especially true for virus filtration procedures where virus clearance studies at small-scale determine the operating parameters, which can be used at manufacturing scale. This has limited volume-to-filter-area-ratios, with significant impact on process economics. An advanced small-scale model of virus filtration, which allows the investigation of the full complexity of these processes, is described here. It includes the automated monitoring and control of all process parameters, as well as an electronic data acquisition system, which is fully compliant with current regulatory requirements for electronic records in a pharmaceutical environment.
Ground‐Penetrating Radar Detection and Three‐Dimensional Mapping of Lateral Macropores: I. Calibration (2011)

Preferential flow of water through soil macropores is known to contribute to groundwater and surface water contamination as well as stream bank instability. However, research on the mechanisms and extent of soil macroporosity is limited due to the lack of a practical technique to study macropores in situ without disrupting the site's ecological function. In this paper, we present a ground‐penetrating radar (GPR)‐based methodology for detecting soil macropores smaller than 10 cm in diameter within 1 m of the soil surface and then creating a computerized tomogram of the macropore network. Manual and automated algorithms for macropore detection were tested for scan data collected using a 900‐MHz radar antenna in a field experiment with a silt‐loam soil. Buried polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes were used to simulate soil macropores of different diameters and fill contents intersected by GPR scan lines at four different angles. Pipes ≥ 3.00 cm in diameter were clearly detectable regardless of the scan line orientation relative to the target, and pipes with diameters as small as 1.85 cm were detected at perpendicular angles of intersection. In a second field experiment, PVC pipes of varying dimensions were buried at different depths to simulate a macropore network of preferential flow pathways. A branch‐node algorithm was developed that referenced GPR scan line detections to create an accurate computer‐generated three‐dimensional map of the pipe network.
Efficient and Fair Power and Subchannel Allocation in Multiuser OFDM Networks (2013)

We present an efficient and fair scheme for allocating resources in the downlink of multiuser OFDMA cellular networks based on Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS). Although NBS provides a fair and optimum approach in order to maximize the total rate of the network, there is no simple solution for the case of K users. The proposed algorithm satisfies the minimum rate requirement of each user first and allocates the excess subchannels by searching over the K × N subchannels to noise ratio matrix based on the bargaining process happening between the base station and the users. Hence, the complexity reduces from order O(K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> ) to O(N × K).