gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric Diversion: A Method for H<sup>+</sup> Output Estimation in the Rat (1988)

This study investigates whether 'gastric diversion', collecting gastric secretion from just distal to the pyloric sphincter into a plastic bag, provides an alternative to pylorus ligation to determine the rat basal acid output over 6 h. Gastric diversion did not produce distension, lesions visible through the serosa, or mucosal injury in any stomach, and all bags were found to be intact and to have completely drained their stomachs. The acid output (mean +/- SEM) was reproducible on the following day (59.7 +/- 2.8 vs. 60.4 +/- 2.4 mumol; n = 10) and a week later (62 +/- 3.2 mumol; n = 10). Atropine (5 mg/kg) or cimetidine (40 mg/kg) significantly (p less than 0.001) depressed this output (16.2 +/- 1.3 and 20.6 +/- 1.7 mumol, respectively, vs. 62 +/- 3.2 mumol; n = 10). The results illustrate that gastric diversion is accurate and suitable for basal acid output estimation and it is suggested as a valuable substitute for the classical Shay rat procedure, allowing gastric secretion collection over 6 h without gastric mucosal injury.
Relative order and location of DNA sequences on chromosome 21 linked to familial Alzheimer disease (1991)

Recently, a gene causing familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) was linked to DNA probes on chromosome 21 by genetic analysis. To investigate the precise physical location of these DNA probes, we have constructed a physical map of this region of chromosome 21 by using quantitative Southern blot analysis of cell lines aneuploid for parts of chromosome 21. The following DNA sequences were investigated: D21S16, D21S13, FB68L (cDNA probe for the amyloid protein precursor [APP] gene), and D21S1. We find that all DNA probes are located in the same region of chromosome 21, in q11.2-q21.05. We further show that D21S16 must be centromeric to D21S13, because D21S16, but not D21S13 is present in one copy in a cell line with deletion of the region 21pter-21q 11.2. High resolution chromosome analysis is presented to define this breakpoint. This new panel of aneuploid cell lines will allow the rapid mapping of new DNA probes in the vicinity of the FAD gene.
Depolymerisation–hydrogenation of condensed tannins as a strategy for generating flavan-3-ol monomers (2023)

A one-pot depolymerisation–hydrogenation xataltic process enables flavan-3-ol monomer production from condensed tannins.
A quantitative collagen fibers orientation assessment using birefringence measurements: Calibration and application to human osteons (2011)

Even though mechanical properties depend strongly on the arrangement of collagen fibers in mineralized tissues, it is not yet well resolved. Only a few semi-quantitative evaluations of the fiber arrangement in bone, like spectroscopic techniques or circularly polarized light microscopy methods are available. In this study the out-of-plane collagen arrangement angle was calibrated to the linear birefringence of a longitudinally fibered mineralized turkey leg tendon cut at variety of angles to the main axis. The calibration curve was applied to human cortical bone osteons to quantify the out-of-plane collagen fibers arrangement. The proposed calibration curve is normalized to sample thickness and wavelength of the probing light to enable a universally applicable quantitative assessment. This approach may improve our understanding of the fibrillar structure of bone and its implications on mechanical properties.
Size-controlled synthesis of polymerized DNA nanoparticles for targeted anticancer drug delivery (2019)

We synthesized size-tunable polymerized DNA nanoparticles (PDNs) for cancer-targeted drug delivery via sequential processes of rolling circle amplification, condensation, and layer-by-layer assembly. The PDNs selectively delivered anti-sense oligonucleotides to target cancer cells and exhibited size-dependent gene regulation efficacy.
Drug activity and therapeutic synergism in cancer treatment. (1982)

In work involving modeling of response surfaces to describe the effects of cancer chemotherapy treatments, it is important to define activity and therapeutic synergism in a statistically defensible manner. This requires the construction of confidence intervals around the estimated optimal treatment which has been achieved by use of an indirect method first proposed by Box and Hunter. Activity for a drug or a combination can be claimed at 100(1 - alpha)% level of confidence when the 100(1 - alpha)% confidence interval about the optimal treatment excludes a zero dose. Results of treatment of B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma with 3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid are used to demonstrate this definition. Extensions of this concept lead to a statistically valid definition of therapeutic synergism. If the confidence region about the optimum combination of k drugs does not contact any of the k - 1 dimensional subspaces, then a k drug therapeutic synergism can be claimed. In the event that a k drug therapeutic synergism cannot be claimed, there may be subsets of the drugs which do combine with therapeutic synergy. These concepts are demonstrated by two- and three-drug combination experiments in L1210-bearing C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F1 (B6D2F1) mice. Razoxane and dacarbazine show therapeutic synergism at a 95% confidence level. A three-drug combination of 5-fluorouracil, Teniposide, and mitomycin C is considered. In this case, although the estimated optimum treatment includes 48.1 mg of 5-fluorouracil per kg, 15.9 mg of Teniposide per kg, and 3.9 mg of mitomycin C per kg, the confidence region generated failed to confirm at an 80% level of confidence that 5-fluorouracil was a necessary component of the best treatment.
International perspectives on the implementation of reproductive carrier screening (2019)

Reproductive carrier screening started in some countries in the 1970s for hemoglobinopathies and Tay-Sachs disease. Cystic fibrosis carrier screening became possible in the late 1980s and with technical advances, screening of an ever increasing number of genes has become possible. The goal of carrier screening is to inform people about their risk of having children with autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive disorders, to allow for informed decision making about reproductive options. The consequence may be a decrease in the birth prevalence of these conditions, which has occurred in several countries for some conditions. Different programs target different groups (high school, premarital, couples before conception, couples attending fertility clinics, and pregnant women) as does the governance structure (public health initiative and user pays). Ancestry-based offers of screening are being replaced by expanded carrier screening panels with multiple genes that is independent of ancestry. This review describes screening in Australia, Cyprus, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It provides an insight into the enormous variability in how reproductive carrier screening is offered across the globe. This largely relates to geographical variation in carrier frequencies of genetic conditions and local health care, financial, cultural, and religious factors.
A thin beryllium injection window for CESR-C/sup +/ (2004)

The e/sup +-/ collider CESR is expanding its beam energy range to below 2 GeV for the planned Charm Physics Program. The original 5 GeV injection beam lines consisted of two 0.025-mm thick titanium windows, separated by a helium line at atmospheric pressure. The beam injection efficiency at low energies is reduced dramatically due to excessive emittance growth from multiple scattering in the Ti windows. The Ti windows were replaced with 0.075-mm thick beryllium windows to restore injection efficiency at low beam energies. This paper describes the design and construction of the Be windows. Finite-element analysis was used to determine the minimum Be window thickness able to support atmospheric pressure across 24-mm diameter aperture. The Be window housing is a cylinder consisting of two stainless steel tubes (SST) vacuum brazed to each end of a copper ring. The Be window is subsequently vacuum brazed to the copper ring at a lower braze temperature. The SST ends of the window assembly provide mechanical strength and protection to the fragile window, and facilitate welding of the window assembly to the injection vacuum chambers. Injection efficiency close to 70% was achieved with the beryllium injection windows in CESR.
ChemInform Abstract: Li(H2O)2‐x [Zr2(PO4)3]: A Li‐Filled Langbeinite Variant (x = 0) as a Precursor for a Metastable Dehydrated Phase (x = 2). (2011)

Abstract Li(H 2 O) 2 [Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ] is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of ZrCl 4 , Li 2 B 4 O 7 , and H 3 PO 4 (HCl, H 2 O, pH 1, 180 °C, autoclave, 8 d; 60% yield).
A Conservatism-Free Large Signal Stability Analysis Method for DC Microgrid Based on Mixed Potential Theory (2019)

Large disturbance scenarios, such as pulse power load operation and load switching are commonly seen in the operation of dc microgrids. The mixed potential theory-based large-signal stability (LSS) analysis is a simple and practical method for investigating the LSS of dc microgrids. However, this method is characterized by conservatism, and produces conservative stability criterion results. When they are applied to the parameter designs of dc microgrids, they create excessive control parameter redundancies; when used for running status estimations, they may cause the system to be misjudged as unstable, and trigger unnecessary protective actions when the system runs into the conservative region. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the conservatism, revealing its main causes to be the idealization of the load converter's response characteristics, and the lack of refined models. It then proposes a novel, improved analysis method for transient response characteristics of the load converter. Experimental and simulation results using the improved method have validated it by showing that the conservatism of the traditional method had been eliminated, and the stability criterion obtained was more accurate.
Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Non-invasive Coronary Imaging (2018)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last decade coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has gained wide acceptance as a reliable, cost-effective and non-invasive modality for diagnosis and prognostication of CAD. Use of CCTA is now expanding to characterization of plaque morphology and identification of vulnerable plaque. Additionally, CCTA is developing as a non-invasive modality to monitor plaque progression, which holds future potential in individualizing treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of CCTA in diagnosis and management of CAD. Additionally, we discuss the recent advancements and the potential clinical applications of CCTA in management of CAD.
Improved Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Image Segmentation (2015)

In order to preserve more image details and enhance its robustness to noise for image segmentation, an improved fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) for image segmentation is presented by incorporating the local spatial information and gray level information in this paper. The modified membership function and clustering center function are more mathematically reasonable than those of the FLICM, so the iterative sequence can converge to a local minimum value of the improved objective function. The new fuzzy factor grants the algorithm a novel balance between robustness to noise and effectiveness of preserving the details. The revised algorithm flow has significantly accelerated the processing procedure. Through these improvements, the experiments on the artificial and real images show that the proposed algorithm is very effective.
Diffuse phase transition of BST thin films in the microwave domain (2018)

Ferroelectric materials are widely used in the paraelectric phase in order to realize tunable capacitors with reduced losses and a low hysteresis effect. Nevertheless, for polycrystalline thin films, the ferro-/para-electric phase transition can be diffuse and some crystallites can exhibit a ferroelectric nature even if the sample seems to be globally in a paraelectric phase. In this case, domain wall motions are responsible for the sensitivity of the dielectric properties to the driving field and are very dissipative phenomena. In this paper, we evaluate, in the high-frequency band, the impact of ferroelectricity on the properties of Ba2/3Sr1/3TiO3 thin films near the phase transition, by measuring the film's dielectric properties as a function of the incident RF power and for different temperatures.
Supplementary Figure 1 from High Phospho-Stathmin(Serine38) Expression Identifies Aggressive Endometrial Cancer and Suggests an Association with PI3K Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 49K, pStathmin(S38) identifies patients with different prognosis in subgroups of patients with expected good survival.&lt;/p&gt;
Electronic and Lattice Properties of Layered Hexagonal Compounds Under Anisotropic Compression: A First-Principles Study (2005)

We have investigated the wurtzite and hexagonal compounds (w- and h-BN, AlN, ZnO) under various compression conditions using the first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) method. Applying anisotropic compression is an important approach for the investigation of novel material properties. We found remarkable changes in the internal parameters u of all calculated wurtzite compounds under uniaxial c-axis compression (Pz) within the symmetry constraint. The internal parameter u of the wurtzite structure increased as the pressure increased and finally became 0.5, resulting in a phase transformation into a hexagonal structure. Transition pressures for BN, AlN and ZnO under c-axis compression are 300–325, 15–20, 5–10 GPa, respectively. The value of the transition pressure of BN (wurtzite → hexagonal) was found to be significantly higher than those of the other two compounds (AlN, ZnO) in which the crystal structure of BN could be broken under the large uniaxial compression. The changes in the electronic band structure and the lattice properties (lattice constant, c⁄a ratio, volume of the unit cell) of BN in the wurtzite-to-hexagonal transformation were also quite large and unusual. These results imply that the wurtzite-to-hexagonal transformation of BN is unlikely to occur. In contrast, the changes in the lattice properties of AlN and ZnO were small because of their low transition pressures (5–20). These lower transition pressures are mainly due to larger ionicity of AlN and ZnO.
Creep Curve Analysis .OMEGA. with Method and Effect of Creep Strengthening Mechanism on .OMEGA. Value in 9Cr Ferritic Heat-resistant Steels (2008)

Ω method is effective for an assessment of creep life time. In this study, creep curves of 9Cr ferritic heat-resistant steels were analyzed by the Ω method. Samples were four types of 9Cr steel, which were fundamental 9Cr steel, solid solution hardened steel containing W, precipitation hardened steel with MX and precipitation hardened steel with MX and Laves phase. The comparison between rupture time in creep tests and creep life time assessed by the Ω method indicated that the life assessment of the Ω method was sufficiently effective in the 9Cr steels. In addition, we investigated the dependence of Ω value on stress applied in creep test. In the case of the precipitation hardened steels, Ω value had the strong dependence on stress. This dependence indicated that Ω value has relevance to creep deformation mechanism.
Generation and chemical trapping of a bis(ethano) derivative of tricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]oct-1(5)-ene. The consummate member of a series of pyramidalized alkenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration and chemical trapping of a bis(ethano) derivative of tricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]oct-1(5)-ene. The consummate member of a series of pyramidalized alkenesBruce M. Branan, Leo A. Paquette, David A. Hrovat, and Weston Thatcher BordenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 2, 774–776Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00028a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00028a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Gender differences in the co-localisation of neuropeptides with kisspeptin in the hypothalamic neurons of the mouse brain (2009)

Abstract#: 865.9
[A case of stromal sarcoma of the breast occurring after augmentation mammaplasty]. (1988)

The first case of stromal sarcoma of breast occurring after augmentation mammaplasty is reported. The patient is 55-year-old Japanese woman who had received injection augmentation mammaplasty 19 years earlier. Both breasts indurated soon after mammaplasty and the patient felt a severe pain in her right breast for about 6 months before seeking treatment. Stromal sarcoma of the breast was proven by a subcutaneous mastectomy, and the determined histological subclassification was a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). The patient died with tumor recurrence 14 months after her first admission. The tumor cells were found to have invaded the surrounding tissue, such as the nerves, the muscle, the lymphatic vessels, and a severe reactive inflammation, caused by the injected material, was noticed.
Comment: Noninvasive neurostimulation for migraine should be part of the general neurologist's therapeutic armamentarium (2018)

The PRESTO study adds to the evidence that noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is an effective acute treatment for migraine. An established treatment for cluster headache,1 nVNS produced higher pain-free rates than sham stimulation 30 minutes and 1 hour post-treatment, but missed statistical significance at the 2 hours primary endpoint (30.4% vs 19.7%; p = 0.067). Significant results relative to sham stimulation were not achieved for associated symptoms.
Inkjet Printed Textile Force Sensitive Resistors for Wearable and Healthcare Devices (2021)

Pressure sensors for wearable healthcare devices, particularly force sensitive resistors (FSRs) are widely used to monitor physiological signals and human motions. However, current FSRs are not suitable for integration into wearable platforms. This work presents a novel technique for developing textile FSRs (TFSRs) using a combination of inkjet printing of metal-organic decomposition silver inks and heat pressing for facile integration into textiles. The insulating void by a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane between the top and bottom textile electrodes creates an architectured piezoresistive structure. The structure functions as a simple logic switch where under a threshold pressure the electrodes make contact to create conductive paths (on-state) and without pressure return to the prior insulated condition (off-state). The TFSR can be controlled by arranging the number of layers and hole diameters of the TPU spacer to specify a wide range of activation pressures from 4.9 kPa to 7.1 MPa. For a use-case scenario in wearable healthcare technologies, the TFSR connected with a readout circuit and a mobile app shows highly stable signal acquisition from finger movement. According to the on/off state of the TFSR with LED bulbs by different weights, it can be utilized as a textile switch showing tactile feedback.
Systemic signaling contributes to the unfolded protein response of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (2018)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a conserved and essential cytoprotective pathway designed to survive biotic and abiotic stresses that alter the proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR is typically considered cell-autonomous and it is yet unclear whether it can also act systemically through non-cell autonomous signaling. We have addressed this question using a genetic approach coupled with micro-grafting and a suite of molecular reporters in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the UPR has a non-cell autonomous component, and we demonstrate that this is partially mediated by the intercellular movement of the UPR transcription factor bZIP60 facilitating systemic UPR signaling. Therefore, in multicellular eukaryotes such as plants, non-cell autonomous UPR signaling relies on the systemic movement of at least a UPR transcriptional modulator.
Heterogeneity of Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β Isolated from Bone Matrix Proteins* (1990)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is a family of 25-kDa peptides that appear to be important regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and differentiated function in many tissues. TGF beta is present in platelets and serum and is released by cultured cells as several distinct large mol wt complexes of TGF beta with other proteins. These complexes are biologically inactive and are generically called latent TGF beta (L-TGF beta). Large quantities of TGF beta are present in bone matrix. This study was undertaken to determine whether the TGF beta in bone matrix was present as a free 25-kDa peptide or a large mol wt L-TGF beta complex. TGF beta activity was determined by inhibition of [3H]methylthymidine incorporation in mink lung epithelial cells. The specificity of inhibition was determined by treating fractions with a polyclonal rabbit antiporcine TGF beta-blocking antibody before assay. Latency was examined by assaying untreated and acid-treated fractions for TGF beta activity. Acid treatment of EDTA extracts of the bovine bone matrix proteins increased TGF beta activity from a mean of 0.8 pg/microgram protein to 56 pg/micrograms. Under native conditions L-TGF beta eluted from S400 between the 600-400 kDa mol wt standards. No activity eluted in the fractions with authentic 25-kDa TGF beta. Eighty-five percent of the L-TGF beta bound to lentil lectin, and this separated into four discrete L-TGF beta peaks (I-IV) at 0.22, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.42 M NaCl with Mono-Q anion exchange chromatography. Mono-Q pools II and III were reseparated by molecular size on Superose-12 under native and dissociative conditions. Under native conditions TGF beta activity was latent and eluted in the large mol wt fractions. No 25-kDa TGF beta was present. With dissociating conditions (4 M GuHCl) all TGF beta activity eluted in the small mol wt fractions identical to the elution position of authentic 25-kDa TGF beta. The active fractions from the dissociative separation of Mono-Q pool III were separated by C4 reverse phase HPLC. There were three discrete peaks of TGF beta activity corresponding to TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and an unidentified form of TGF. Maximum activation of L-TGF beta in each Mono-Q peak occurred at pH 3-3.5. There was partial activation at pH 4.5, but no additional activation at pH 1.5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)