gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An accurate current source model for CMOS based combinational logic cell (2012)

A current source model (CSM) is presented for CMOS logic cells, which can be used for accurate analysis of delay in CMOS VLSI circuits. In current technology, CS model can be considered as an accurate model for modern static timing and noise analysis. By using the combinational CS model for CMOS logic cell, different values of parasitic capacitances are correctly evaluated. Output voltage waveform is designed by considering the logic cell as load. The output voltage of the CMOS inverter by using CS model is compared with HSPICE simulated output voltage waveform of an inverter. Analysis for output voltage waveform of CS model is accurate as near as approximately 98% to the HSPICE simulated waveform. By using the CS model, different parasitic capacitances are also being evaluated. Variations of these parasitic capacitances are also being evaluated for different values of input and output voltages.
Neuromodulation by a Cytokine: Interferon-β Differentially Augments Neocortical Neuronal Activity and Excitability (2004)

The immunomodulatory cytokine interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, the effect of IFN-beta on neuronal functions is currently unknown. Intracellular recordings were conducted on somatosensory neurons of neocortical layers 2/3 and 5 exposed to IFN-beta. The excitability of neurons was increased by IFN-beta (10-10,000 U/ml) in two kinetically distinct, putatively independent manners. First IFN-beta reversibly influenced the subthreshold membrane response by raising the membrane resistance R(M) 2.5-fold and the membrane time constant tau 1.7-fold dose-dependently. The effect required permanent exposure to IFN-beta and was reduced in magnitude if the extracellular K+ was lowered. However, the membrane response to IFN-beta in the subthreshold range was prevented by ZD7288 (a specific blocker of I(h)) but not by Ni2+, carbachol, or bicuculline, pointing to a dependence on an intact I(h). Second, IFN-beta enhanced the rate of action potential firing. This effect was observed to develop for >1 h when the cell was exposed to IFN-beta for 5 min or >5 min and showed no reversibility (< or =210 min). Current-discharge (F-I) curves revealed a shift (prevented by bicuculline) as well as an increase in slope (prevented by carbachol and Ni2+). Layer specificity was not observed with any of the described effects. In conclusion, IFN-beta influences the neuronal excitability in neocortical pyramidal neurons in vitro, especially under conditions of slightly increased extracellular K+. Our blocker experiments indicate that changes in various ionic conductances with different voltage dependencies cause different IFN-beta influences on sub- and suprathreshold behavior, suggesting a more general intracellular process induced by IFN-beta.
Age‐related Changes in Marmoset Trabecular and Cortical Bone and Response to Alendronate Therapy Resemble Human Bone Physiology and Architecture (2007)

In older humans, bone elongation ceases, periosteal expansion continues, and bone remodeling remains a dominant metabolic process. An appropriate animal model of type I and type II osteoporosis would be a species with sealed growth plates and persistence of bone remodeling. The rat is commonly used as a primary model, but due to delayed epiphyseal closure with continuous modeling and lack of Haversian remodeling, Food and Drug Administration guidelines recommend assessment of bone quality in an additional, non rodent, remodeling species. This study investigated the skeletal characteristics of senescent marmosets to evaluate their suitability as an osteoporosis model. Animals were randomized across three experimental groups; controls for both sexes and marmosets receiving alendronate for either 30 or 60 days (28 microg/kg, sc, twice per week). Outcome measures included serum chemistry and bone biomarkers, DEXA, histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, and histopathology. Results showed that the adult marmoset skeleton has similar anatomical characteristics to the adult human, including the absence of growth plates, presence of Haversian system, and true remodeling of cancellous and cortical bone. Structural analyses of senescent marmoset cancellous bone demonstrated loss of trabecular mass and architecture similar to skeletal changes described for elderly men and women. Treatment with alendronate improved trabecular volume and number by reducing bone resorption, although bone formation was also reduced through coupling of bone remodeling. The common marmoset may provide a valuable model for research paradigms targeting human bone pathology and osteoporosis due to skeletal features that are similar to age-related changes and response to bisphosphonate therapy reported for humans.
Sources of error in substation distribution transformer dynamic thermal modeling (2000)

When a transformer's windings get too hot, either load has to be reduced (in the short term) or another transformer bay needs to be installed (in the long run). To be able to predict when either of these remedial schemes must be used, we need to be able to predict the transformer's temperature accurately. Our experimentation with various discretization, schemes and models, convinced us that the linear and nonlinear semiphysical models we were using to predict transformer temperature were near optimal and that other sources of input-data error were frustrating our attempts to reduce the prediction error further. In this paper we explore some of the sources of error that affect top-oil temperature prediction. We show that the traditional top-oil rise model has incorrect dynamic behavior and show that another model proposed corrects this problem. We show that the input error caused by database quantization, remote ambient temperature monitoring and low sampling rate account for about 2/3 of the error experienced with field data. It is the opinion of the authors that most of this difference is due to the absence of significant driving variables, rather than the approximation used in constructing a linear semiphysical model.
Clinical Significance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Expression and Angiogenesis at the Deepest Invasive Site of Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma (2002)

VEGF-C expression at the deepest site of tumor invasion can be a useful predictor of poor prognosis in advanced CRC and show a close relation to angiogenesis.
The association of early lactate clearance with inflammatory biomarkers in severe sepsis and septic shock (2006)

Patients presenting to the hospital with sepsis with evidence of hypoperfusion have a greater risk of developing organ dysfunction and higher mortality [1]. Early recognition of hypoperfused states and implementation of strategies to resolve global tissue hypoxia as reflected by early lactate clearance correlate with improved outcome and mortality [2]. This study is a secondary analysis comparing early lactate clearance with serum biomarkers among a cohort of patients collected during the Early Goal Directed Therapy Trial (EGDT).
Plasticity in the human central nervous system (2006)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well-characterized form of synaptic plasticity that fulfils many of the criteria for a neural correlate of memory. LTP has been studied in a variety of animal models and, in rodents in particular, there is now a strong body of evidence demonstrating common underlying molecular mechanisms in LTP and memory. Results are beginning to emerge from studies of neural plasticity in humans. This review will summarize findings demonstrating that synaptic LTP can be induced in human CNS tissue and that rodent and human LTP probably share similar molecular mechanisms. We will also discuss the application of non-invasive stimulation techniques to awake human subjects to induce LTP-like long-lasting changes in localized neural activity. These techniques have potential therapeutic application in manipulating neural plasticity to treat a variety of conditions, including depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyheterocycles by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation/CH Activation/Aryl–Aryl Bond‐Forming Domino Process (2003)

A catalytic domino reaction involving intramolecular N-arylation, CH activation, and aryl–aryl bond formation provides access to the first dihydroazaphenanthrenes fused with medium-sized and macrocyclic ring systems (see scheme). While [Pd(dppf)Cl2] catalyzes the transformation efficiently, the “ligand-free” palladium catalyst Pd(OAc)2 was shown to be equally effective (dppf=1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene).
Dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction in spinal muscular atrophy types 2 and 3 (2012)

These data suggest dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction in patients with SMA types 2 and 3. Therefore, drugs that facilitate neuromuscular transmission are candidate drugs for evaluation in carefully designed, placebo-controlled, clinical trials.
Simultaneous Fast Decomposition of NH4HSO4 and Efficient NOx Removal by NO2 Addition: An Option for NOx Removal in H2O/SO2-Contained Flue Gas at a Low Temperature (2018)

The deposition of NH4HSO4 on the catalyst surface is the main obstacle to the stable removal of NOx in SO2-contained flue gas at a low temperature. In this work, the promotional effect of NO2 on the decomposition of NH4HSO4 is presented for the first time. The NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) experiments show that the V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst exhibits higher SCR activity and excellent resistance to SO2 and H2O when NO2 is present in the flue gas at 250 °C. Results from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations indicate that NH4HSO4 will not excessively deposit on the surface of the catalyst because the ammonia ion of NH4HSO4 will be rapidly consumed by the NO2/NO mixture. Our study reveals that it is promising to stably and efficiently remove NOx from SO2-contained flue gas at a low temperature by properly adjusting the NO2/NO ratio.
Spice simulations of inductive Nonlinear Transmission Lines (2015)

Nonlinear Transmission Lines (NLTLs) have been used with great success in radiofrequency (RF) generation using a train of oscillatory waves produced at the output load. There are two configurations of NLTLs, the first one is a dispersive line consisting of sections with nonlinear components, and the second one is a continuous and non-dispersive line. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the line parameters on the second configuration (also known as gyromagnetic line) based on an analytical model by means of SPICE circuit simulation, leading to a great compression of the pulse rise time at the output. The influence of several parameters such as line capacitance, saturation inductance, number of sections and load resistance are illustrated through comparison among different values on the same model configuration. It is expected that the technique presented here can be useful in the future for the design of NLTLs in space applications and mobile defense platforms of compact size.
Directed Evolution of 2′-Fluoro-Modified, RNA-Supported Carbohydrate Clusters That Bind Tightly to HIV Antibody 2G12 (2021)

Carbohydrate binding proteins (CBPs) are attractive targets in medicine and biology. Multivalency, with several glycans binding to several binding pockets in the CBP, is important for high-affinity interactions. Herein, we describe a novel platform for design of multivalent carbohydrate cluster ligands by directed evolution, in which serum-stable 2'-fluoro modified RNA (F-RNA) backbones evolve to present the glycan in optimal clusters. We have validated this method by the selection of oligomannose (Man<sub>9</sub>) glycan clusters from a sequence pool of ∼10<sup>13</sup> that bind to broadly neutralizing HIV antibody 2G12 with 13 to 36 nM affinities.
Market Analysis of MEC-Assisted Beyond 5G Ecosystem (2021)

The quality-of-service (QoS)/quality-of-experience (QoE) demands of mobile services are soaring and have overwhelmed the obsolescent capability of 3G and 4G cellular networks. The emerging 5G networks will bring an unprecedented promotion in transmission data rates. However, the satisfaction of some service requirements is still in dilemma, especially the end-to-end (E2E) latency which varies in different applications. Multi-access edge computing (MEC), a promising technology in 5G cellular networks, can provide ultra-low E2E latency and reduce traffic load on mobile backhaul networks. The potential benefits of MEC for 5G and beyond services have been explored by preliminary studies. What remains is the uncertainty of revenue from the investment of MEC which will shake operators' decisions about whether and how to deploy MEC in cellular networks. In this light, this paper designs a MEC-assisted 5G and beyond ecosystem inclusive of three players: private (local) telecom operators, backhaul, and cloud service owners. We propose a revenue maximization model for private (local) telecom operators and cloud service owners to minimize the cost from the end-user perspective while satisfying the latency requirement. The derived model indicates that two players' revenues can be maximized by optimizing MEC resources and backhaul capacity. The game-theoretic analyses also reveal the optimized hybrid strategy of MEC and cloud for efficient mobile traffic management.
Chain Structure and Molecular Weight Dependent Mechanics of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) Compared to Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2018)

Solution and melt viscosity relations to molecular weight were obtained for bio-based poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) in comparison to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Furthermore, the rate dependent glassy state tensile properties were explored at varying molecular weights, showing ductile behavior for high molecular weight PEF at low rates. The unperturbed chain dimensions of PEF indicate similar conformational freedom to PET but lower chain packing due to the shorter bond length of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), inducing a lower entanglement density as corroborated by plateau moduli measurements. The high temperature and shear rate dependence of the melt viscosity as well as the high strain rate dependence of the glassy state yield stress can be explained by this lower entanglement density, although the glassy state may furthermore be subject to chain mobility restrictions.
Se‐Phenyl Prop‐2‐eneselenoate: An Ethylene Equivalent for Diels–Alder Reactions (2013)

Reaktiv: Se-Phenyl-prop-2-enselenoat (Phenylselenoacrylat) 2, das ausgehend von Acryloylchlorid hergestellt wird, ist ein reaktives Dienophil in Diels-Alder-Reaktionen und reaktiver als Acrylate. In Radikalreaktionen können die mit vielen Dienen 1 gebildeten Cycloaddukte 3 leicht zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen 4 reduziert werden. Diese Methode funktioniert sogar, wenn in benachbarter Stellung eine leicht eliminierbare Gruppe vorliegt (z. B. ein Allylether). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Computer aided design of a magnetostrictive actuator (1994)

There is a present need in many industries for miniature actuators that can supply large forces and relatively small linear displacements. Actuators incorporating magnetostrictive materials show promise in filling this need. Magnetostrictive materials expand when exposed to a magnetic field. Currently available commercial magnetostrictive actuators are not capable of meeting the requirements of most applications because they are not optimized for those applications. Optimization of a magnetostrictive actuator is presented using the latest computer aided design tools. Priority is placed on designing the actuator to maximize performance, reliability, and to a lesser degree, minimizing life cycle cost. Further, relationships between all design dependent parameters are derived. The two main investigations deal with optimizing the magnetic field within a magnetostrictive actuator. First, it is shown that making the induction coil the same length as the magnetostrictive element results in a 12% weight savings with only a 5% decrease in a average magnetic field intensity from the baseline design. Second, it is shown that a thin magnetic circuit may be incorporated into the baseline design that increases the average magnetic field intensity by 34% while increasing the weight of the actuator by 0.16 pounds.
A microphone array for car environments (1992)

The authors describe a microphone array for speech recording in car environments. The array is designed for hands-free radiotelephone, and is also used as a front-end for an automatic speech recognition system. The configuration of the array and the adaptive beamforming technique implemented are described and the performance of the array are evaluated. The measure of performance is the score obtained with a speech recognition system. Within the European ESPRIT project ARS (adverse environment recognition of speech), a prototype of this microphone array was built. It has eight microphones and works in real time, using one TMS C30 processor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrafast pulses in fibers: A nonlinear playground (2003)

The use of conveniently available ultrafast pulses in optical fibers and in photonic crystal fibers has generated a renaissance of interest in nonlinear phenomena of guided light spanning from propagation dynamics to supercontinuum generation. A review of some of these results will be presented.
Design of an e-learning environment for teaching databases and information systems (2008)

Abstract: - We present a system that provides an e-learning environment in the database and information&#13;\nsystem fields. The system has been designed to support different teaching needs deriving not only from the&#13;\ncomputer science degree, but also from others University degrees that require database skills. For this purpose,&#13;\nit has been developed a repository of didactic modules on database and advanced database topics organized to&#13;\nsupport the different needs of potential students.
Unified Total Synthesis of Madangamine Alkaloids (2018)

Abstract The full details of a unified total synthesis of madangamine alkaloids are disclosed. Our central strategy is based on the construction of a common ABCE-tetracyclic system, followed by the late-stage installation of various D-rings. The common intermediate is assembled through N-acyliminium cyclization of a propargylsilane, and formation of the (Z,Z)-skipped diene. Stereoselective synthesis of the (Z,Z)-skipped diene is especially challenging, and is accomplished by the combination of Z-selective hydroboration of the 1,1-disubstituted allene and subsequent Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling. Macrocyclic alkylation enables the late-stage variation of the D-rings on the common tetracyclic intermediate, resulting in the collective total syntheses of madangamines A–E. The synthetic madangamine alkaloids exhibited inhibitory activities against a variety of human cancer cell lines.
Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema that Developed Immediately after the Removal of an Endobronchial Foreign Body (2015)

The patient was a 5-year-old boy who was transported to our hospital for a paroxysmal cough, disturbance of consciousness, tonic-clonic convulsions and labored breathing. The patient's respiratory failure persisted after the convulsions remitted, and the presence of an endobronchial foreign body was suspected based on the findings of chest CT performed the following day. A peanut was subsequently removed from the right main bronchus using a bronchoscope with tracheal intubation and bag valve mask ventilation. Immediately after removal, the patient rapidly developed exacerbated hypoxemia, and a reduction in right lung lucency was noted on chest radiography. He was therefore diagnosed with type II postobstructive pulmonary edema, and his condition improved within a short period of time.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluoxetine in Patients With Intermittent Explosive Disorder (2009)

Article Abstract Background: Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is a disorder of impulsive aggression that affects as many as 7.3% of the U.S. population during some period of life. Since central serotonergic (5-HT) system dysfunction is related to impulsive aggressive behavior, pharmacologic enhancement of 5-HT activity should reduce impulsive aggressive behavior in individuals with IED. Method: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine was conducted in 100 individuals with IED (research diagnostic criteria) and current histories of impulsive aggressive behavior. The primary efficacy measure was the aggression score from the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified (OAS-M) for Outpatient Use. Secondary efficacy measures included the irritability score from the OAS-M and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I) score. The study took place between July 1990 and July 1999. Results: Fluoxetine treatment resulted in a sustained reduction in OAS-M aggression, and OAS-M irritability scores, apparent as early as week 2 (p < .01 for aggression and p < .001 for irritability at endpoint). Fluoxetine was also superior to placebo in the proportion of responders on the CGI-I (p < .001). Closer examination of the data revealed that full or partial remission of impulsive aggressive behaviors, as reflected by the A criteria for IED, occurred in 46% of fluoxetine-treated subjects. Fluoxetine did not exert an antidepressant or antianxiety effect, and its effects on impulsive aggression were not influenced by presence of current symptoms of depression or anxiety. Conclusion: Fluoxetine treatment has a clear antiaggressive effect in impulsive aggressive individuals with IED. However, while fluoxetine’s antiaggressive effects appear robust, they lead to full or partial remission of IED in less than 50% of subjects treated with fluoxetine.