gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral administration of nucleotides in calves: Effects on oxidative status, immune response, and intestinal mucosa development (2022)

The present work aimed to investigate the effects of nucleotide oral administration on oxidative stress biomarkers, immune responses, gut morphology, serum biochemical parameters, and growth performance in calves from birth to 25 d of life. A total of 40 male Holstein Friesian calves were randomly divided in 2 groups. All the calves were born and reared on the same commercial dairy farm. They were fed the same colostrum, milk replacer, and calf starter. Five grams/head of an additive were orally administered with a syringe directly in the mouth to calves of the nucleotide group (NG). The additive contained 74.12 g/100 g of nucleic acids from hydrolyzed yeast, and 75.38% was free nucleotide sodium salt. The other group represented the negative control (CG). At 25 d of life all of the calves were slaughtered. Calves supplemented with nucleotides had a higher final live weight and improved average daily gain, which was associated with better efficiency of nutrient use. Oral nucleotide administration did not affect IgG absorption efficiency; however, NG calves showed greater duodenum villi length and higher crypt depth compared with CG. Oral nucleotide administration increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant capacity [ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) scavenging activity] both in plasma and in liver. An enhanced ability of cells to counter reactive oxygen species- and reactive nitrogen species-mediated damage was also observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from NG. The findings highlight the effectiveness of oral nucleotide administration, and potentially dietary supplementation of nucleotides, in boosting oxidative and immune status in newborn calves.
Feasibility of ultrasound-guided posterior approach for interscalene catheter placement during arthroscopic shoulder surgery (2011)

The ultrasound-guided interscalene block with a posterior approach is associated with a success high rate in placement of the interscalene catheter and a low rate of complications. However, the small sample size limits us to draw definite conclusions. Therefore, a well-designed randomized controlled trial is required to confirm our preliminary study.
Optimization of Perforated Completions for Horizontal wells in a High-Permeability, Thin Oil Zone. Case Study: Hassi R'mel Oil Rim, Algeria (2004)

Abstract A considerable number of studies have been conducted to optimize the perforated completions for horizontal wells, but very few of them took into account the effect of reservoir heterogeneity and coning problems in the completion design. One of the most relevant work directly related to this topic is the one developed by Goode and Wilkinson7. They have presented an analytical solution for the performance of partially completed horizontal well. Their model, however, has two major limitations: (1) it considers the reservoir as homogeneous and ignores heterogeneity, and (2) it does not take into account the water and gas coning effects. In this study, a numerical solution has been developed to optimize the perforated completions for horizontal wells in a heterogeneous reservoir laying between a large gas cap and an active aquifer (double coning problem). Another objective of this study was to examine the performance of various perforation schemes for horizontal wells in Hassi R'mel oil Rim using reservoir simulation. Since the capability of the numerical simulators to model a horizontal well performance is largely controlled by the quality of the geological description of the reservoir, therefore, a reservoir characterization based on geological (sedimentary) units was performed on the A-Sand reservoir of Hassi R'mel oil Rim. The simulation modeling in this study was undertaken in two large parts. First, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the most relevant reservoir parameters on the horizontal well performance for different perforation schemes. This allowed us to examine the effect of the perforation length and its distribution and to find the optimum perforation scheme for horizontal wells in Hassi R'mel oil Rim. Second, the simulation modeling was involved in a real case where the performance of the well HRZ-09 was a concern. The reason for taking this well as a case study is that it was completed non-conventionally using the Inverted High Angle technique. This completion led us to investigate the possibility of perforating the slanted section of the well, in addition to the horizontal section (Double perforation scheme). As a result of this study, correlation curves have been generated to optimize the perforated completions for horizontal wells in Hassi R'mel oil Rim. It has also been found that the optimum perforation scheme for horizontal wells in Hassi R'mel oil Rim corresponds to the case of 60% uniformly distributed perforation. From the case study, it was found that there is no extra-recovery to be expected from the double perforation of the well HRZ-09. Moreover, such perforation scheme yields much higher gas-oil ratio in comparison to the actual perforation case. This result was confirmed by an economic analysis performed on three proposed perforation schemes.
A CMOS dual-switching power-supply modulator with 8% efficiency improvement for 20MHz LTE Envelope Tracking RF power amplifiers (2013)

Envelope Tracking (ET) is an efficiency enhancement technique where the power supply of a linear RF power amplifier (PA) follows the envelope of the RF signal. It is specifically effective for the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals of modern communication systems. But due to envelope bandwidth expansion and watt-level power requirements, the design of wide bandwidth and high efficiency power supply modulators remains one of the most challenging aspects of ET systems.
Optronics sensor development using an imaging simulation system (2011)

Extensive use of modelling and simulation in the development of electro-optical sensor systems results in reduced risk, lower cost and shorter development time scales. In order to develop, evaluate and optimise system performance under diverse environmental conditions a radiometrically calibrated imaging scene simulator is required. A brief overview of such a simulation system is presented, focussing on physics-based scene radiometry and weapon system sensor modelling. Application of the simulator in the development and evaluation of infrared missile seeker sensor systems is presented.
Evaluation of laboratory data by conventional statistics and by three types of neural networks (1993)

Sixty-three patients with lung (34 small-cell, 18 squamous, 11 adeno-) carcinomas and 43 patients with benign lung diseases were characterized with seven tumor markers: neuron-specific enolase (NSE); cancer antigens CA 19-9, CA 125, CA 15-3, and CA 50; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); and tissue polypeptide antigen. Diagnosis had been established by histological examination after surgery and used for classification. After vector transformation, the tumor marker data were fed into neural networks (NNs) based on three different types of learning algorithms: backpropagation (BP), competitive learning (CL), and Hopfield (H). For comparison, the data were evaluated with multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis (MVSDA). BP-NNs are equal to (NSE, CA 19-9, CEA) or better than (100% correct classification when using all seven markers) MVSDA in assigning the correct diagnosis to the patients. Cross-validation data yielded shrinkage effects ranging from 0% to 12.5%. Quality-control (QC) data were evaluated by traditional QC algorithms and compared with the results obtained by a BP-NN. The results show that the BP-NNs could only partly fulfill the tasks of three QC algorithms regarding the violation of static borders but gave good results with respect to dynamic changes.
Tobacco smoking and the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (2018)

Several studies have found that smoking increases the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm, however, the strength of the association has differed between studies and data from cohort studies have not yet been summarized. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to clarify this association. We searched PubMed and Embase databases up to May 2<sup>nd</sup> 2018. A random effects model was used to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty three prospective studies were included. Comparing current, former and ever smokers with never smokers the summary RRs were 4.87 (95% CI: 3.93-6.02, I<sup>2</sup> = 92%, n = 20), 2.10 (95% CI: 1.76-2.50, I<sup>2</sup> = 71%, n = 15) and 3.28 (95% CI: 2.60-4.15, I<sup>2</sup> = 96%, n = 18), respectively. The summary RR was 1.87 (95% CI: 1.45-2.40, I<sup>2</sup> = 97%) per 10 cigarettes per day, 1.78 (95% CI: 1.54-2.06, I<sup>2</sup> = 83%) per 10 pack-years was and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.32-0.63, I<sup>2</sup> = 92.3%) per 10 years of smoking cessation. There was evidence of nonlinearity for cigarettes per day and pack-years (p<sub>nonlinearity</sub> < 0.0001 and p<sub>nonlinearity</sub> = 0.02, respectively), but not for smoking cessation, p<sub>nonlinearity</sub> = 0.85. Among smokers who quit, the RR was similar to that of never smokers by 25 years of smoking cessation. These findings confirm a strong association between smoking and the risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Cryptanalysis of Indistinguishability Obfuscations of Circuits over GGH13. (2016)

Annihilation attacks, introduced in the work of Miles, Sahai, and Zhandry (CRYPTO 2016), are a class of polynomial-time attacks against several candidate indistinguishability obfuscation (IO) schemes, built from Garg, Gentry, and Halevi (EUROCRYPT 2013) multilinear maps. In this work, we provide a general efficiently-testable property for two single-input branching programs, called partial inequivalence, which we show is sufficient for our variant of annihilation attacks on several obfuscation constructions based on GGH13 multilinear maps.
	
We give examples of pairs of natural NC1 circuits, which - when processed via Barrington's Theorem - yield pairs of branching programs that are partially inequivalent. As a consequence we are also able to show examples of bootstrapping circuits,'' (albeit somewhat artificially crafted) used to obtain obfuscations for all circuits (given an obfuscator for NC1 circuits), in certain settings also yield partially inequivalent branching programs. Prior to our work, no attacks on any obfuscation constructions for these settings were known.
Recent progress in understanding particle nucleation and growth (1997)

In the past half decade, several new tools have become available for investigating particle nucleation and growth. A number of joint field and laboratory studies exploiting some of these new measurement capabilities will be described and new insights shared. the ability to measure OH, SO 2 , H 2 SO 4 and aerosol number and size distributions has made possible a comparison between H 2 SO 4 production and loss onto particles in continental air masses. In regions remote from urban emissions, agreement is typically quite good. In contrast, joint field measurements of nucleation precursors such as gas phase H 2 SO 4 and ultrafine particles suggest that classical bimolecular nucleation theory may not properly describe the tropospheric nucleation process. An alternative mechanism, possibly involving ammonia as a stabilizing agent for H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O molecular clusters is discussed. Finally, ultrafine particle measurements are shown to offer new opportunities for studying particle growth rates. Preliminary results suggest that in a remote continental air mass, gas phase H 2 SO 4 uptake is far too slow to explain observed growth rates.
Identification and characterization of interactions between abscisic acid and mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocators (2011)

ABA (abscisic acid) is a plant hormone involved in important processes including development and stress responses. Recent reports have identified a number of plant ABA receptors and transporters, highlighting novel mechanisms of ABA action. In the present paper we describe application of a chemical proteomics approach leading to the identification of mitochondrial ANTs (adenine nucleotide translocators) as ABA-interacting proteins. Initial in vitro studies confirmed inhibition of ANT-dependent ATP translocation by ABA. Further analysis demonstrated ANT-dependent uptake of ABA into both recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana ANT2-containing proteoliposomes and native isolated spinach mitochondria; the latter with a Km of 3.5 μM and a Vmax of 2.5 nmol/min per g of protein. ATP was found to inhibit ANT-dependent ABA translocation. Specificity profiles highlight the possibility of mechanistic differences in translocation of ABA and ATP. Finally, ABA was shown to stimulate ATPase activity in spinach mitochondrial extracts. ABA concentrations in plant cells are estimated to reach the low micromolar range during stress responses, supporting potential physiological relevance of these in vitro findings. Overall, the present in vitro work suggests the possibility of as yet uncharacterized mechanisms of ABA action in planta related to inhibition of mitochondrial ATP translocation and functional localization of ABA in the mitochondrial matrix.
THE HOLLOW CATHODE PHASE OF PSEUDOSPARK OPERATION (1993)

Abstract : Reported here are results of a collaborative theoretical and experimental effort to develop useful predictive models of the hollow cathode processes that occur in the pseudospark and back-lighted thyratron. During pulsed operation there are several sequential modes of cathode behavior. High current (2-100 kA) transport occurs during a highly emissive, or super-emissive mode of cathode operation (Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 (23), 2371 (1988)). Prior to this mode a hollow cathode mode occurs that is an essential step leading to the super-emissive mode. This hollow cathode discharge is also a source of an intense, high-brightness electron beam. In results presented here the electron beam is shown to be a consequence of the plasma cathode produced by hollow cathode ionizational processes, and the high electric field which is required to initiate high current conduction at the next phase of discharge is predicted from the simulation. Experimental results of a hydrogen hollow cathode discharge electron beam are also presented. An electron beam with pulse-length of 10's n secs, peak beam current of 170 A, efficiency of 21% was measured at -20 kV applied voltage. The model is shown to be in good qualitative agreement with experiments. It is remarkable that these emission processes can be modeled at a microscopic level not possible for most technologically relevant cathodes. Based on a microscopic description of collisional, dissociative and ionizational processes, the model can predict transport and electron beam parameters including emittance and brightness.
In vitro cellular models of human hepatic fatty acid metabolism: differences between Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines in human and fetal bovine culturing serum (2017)

Human primary hepatocytes are the gold standard for investigating lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, due to limitations including availability and donor variability, the hepatoma cell lines Huh7 and HepG2 are commonly used. Culturing these cell lines in human serum (HS) has been reported to improve functionality; however, direct comparison of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in response to culturing in HS is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare FA metabolism between HepG2 and Huh7 cells in response to culturing in different sera. Both HepG2 and Huh7 cells were grown in media containing 11 mmol/L glucose and either 2% HS or 10% fetal bovine serum. After 3 days, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling were measured. At 7 days, intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) and media 3-hydroxybutyrate, TAG and apolipoprotein B were measured, as was the FA composition of intracellular TAG and phospholipids. Both cell lines demonstrated higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid content, increased insulin sensitivity, higher media TAG levels and increased FA oxidation when cultured in HS Notably, independent of serum type, Huh7 cells had higher intracellular TAG compared to HepG2 cells, which was in part attributable to a higher de novo lipogenesis. Our data demonstrate that intrahepatocellular FA metabolism is different between cell lines and influenced by culturing sera. As a result, when developing a physiologically-relevant model of FA metabolism that could be developed for the study of NAFLD, consideration of both parameters is required.
Two-Dimensional Van der Waals Materials for Thin Film Transistor Applications (2014)

Research on two-dimensional nanomaterials has become a topic of considerable interest since the pioneering work experimentally introducing the two-dimensional carbon allotrope of graphene in 2004. The atomically thin hexagonally arranged carbon crystal structure has offered the opportunity for numerous studies in condensed matter physics and materials science, revealing new phenomenon and remarkable properties. Graphene has excellent chemical and mechanical stability, allowing researchers to probe the properties of graphene in a wide variety of applications and in contact with a wide variety of materials. Ballistic transport of graphene at room temperature suggests that graphene would be poised to enter in to a wide variety of microelectronic application;viihowever, synthesis methods and surface effects have so far limited the widespread use of graphene. Additionally, the absence of electronic band gap in graphene, classifying it as a "semi-metal", limits the use of graphene to areas other than logic applications.In this work, fabrication methods for the improved synthesis graphene and selected two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide, are presented for thin film transistor applications. First, the introduction of thin film zwitterionic polymer interlayers in graphene devices is outlined as a means to reduce the contact resistance between metal contacts and the underlying graphene layer. Second, a self-assembly nanoscale lithography process utilizing diblock copolymer templates as an etching mask directly on the surface of graphene is shown as a method to introduce a band gap in graphene due to quantum confinement effects. The third chapter applies to another class of two-dimensional materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, which, unlike graphene, can exhibit suitable electronic band structures for logic applications. When the thickness of these transition metal dichalcogenides is reduced to a single atomic layer, electronic band states transition from an indirect band gap to a direct band gap. A wafer-scale method for the synthesis of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides by the thermolysis of spin coated precursors is introduced which holds promise for next-generation low-power consumption applications.
A Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Associated With an Increased Odds of Depression Symptoms Among Iranian Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The relation between dietary inflammation and risk of depression has not been widely explored. We examined the association between the inflammatory effect of the diet and the odds of depression among Iranian female adolescents. <b>Methods:</b> Using a stratified cluster sampling technique, 300 female adolescents aged 15-18 years were recruited from schools in Tehran between years 2014-2015. Depression was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)- a 21-point scale. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was used to evaluate the inflammatory potential of the diet. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. In addition to descriptive statistics, multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to calculate confounder-adjusted beta estimates and odds ratios. <b>Results:</b> In total, 88 females (30%) had at least a moderate level of depressive symptoms (DASS > 6). Females with the most pro-inflammatory diet had higher DASS depression score (β = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.03, 3.31) and were at 3.96 (95% CI = 1.12, 13.97) times higher odds of having at least moderate depressive symptoms, compared to females with the least anti-inflammatory diets. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data suggest that Iranian adolescent females eating a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, had greater odds of having at least moderate depressive symptoms.
Gas evolution, dryout, and lifetime of VRLA cells an attempt to clarify fifteen years of confusion and misunderstanding (2002)

This paper compares a reasonable sample of the more than 15 years published data on valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries in a single standardized fashion. Using the standardized criterion of ml of hydrogen per day per 100AH and calculated time to 10% water loss (which the authors have previously reported is equivalent to capacity loss below 80% of rated value), they find: times to 10% water loss ranging overall from 6 to 1300 years from literature data on laboratory and field studies of positive grid corrosion, cell weight loss and actual quantities of gas collected for both AGM and GEL cells; laboratory corrosion data generally predict the longest times to 10% water loss (30-100 years), while positive grid corrosion in actual VRLA cells generally predict less than 10 years; and direct gas collection results tend to predict greater lifetimes than field corrosion data, but are contradicted by the shorter lives predicted from weight loss measurements. The requirements of various national and international VRLA standards are also compared in this standardized fashion. The extraordinary range and disparity of literature results, made obvious by the use of this standardized approach, suggests its more widespread application might be helpful in developing a clearer understanding of the mechanisms which govern VRLA performance, life and failure modes.
Permanent polarization gratings in photosensitive Langmuir–Blodgett films for polarimetric applications (2002)

The study of a diffractive device for polarimetric applications is reported. The device consists of a diffraction grating recorded by two interfering opposite circularly polarized beams and is based on a Langmuir–Blodgett film of an azo-compound material. This material provides long-time stability and high photoinduced birefringence that makes the grating highly diffraction efficient. We show how polarization gratings permanently stored in these films are suitable for applications as photopolarimeter components.