gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and the search for genotype-phenotype relationships: an example from disequilibrium in the Apo B gene region. (1991)

We analyzed allelic associations (disequilibria) for four restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the region of the 43-kb Apo B gene in a sample of 233 unrelated individuals from Montreal, Canada, sampled for health. This total sample (T) included 160 individuals of known French Canadian (FC) ancestry. We present a rigorous application of current methodology to these samples, including estimation of type II error probabilities and correlations between markers for estimates of disequilibria. We then consider the utility of these estimates of allelic disequilibria for the interpretation of genotype-phenotype relations. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were not predicted by proximity to other markers in disequilibrium. We found significant quadri-allelic disequilibrium for two marker pairs despite absence of significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for either marker or tri-allelic disequilibrium, respectively. Altogether these results underscore the complexity of the genotypic structure of the data. A combination of nonevolutionary factors, including sampling for health, small sample size and data exclusion due to methodological constraints of not successfully typing all members of the sample for every RFLP, is a likely explanation for this complexity. These types of factors are common to many RFLP studies. Patterns of composite di-allelic disequilibrium indicated that some RFLP allele pairs may have a longer shared evolutionary history than others and that disequilibrium is not predicted by distance between RFLPs. Type II error probabilities were generally much higher than those for type I errors. Correlations between marker pairs for disequilibria were generally not high. We show from a review of 14 published studies of association between the XbaI RFLP and variation in a total of 15 lipid traits that deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can cause substantial differences in the estimation of variability associated with phenotypic differences among marker genotypes relative to Hardy-Weinberg conditions.
Maximizing Manipulation Capabilities for People with Disabilities Using a 9-DoF Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arm System (2007)

A wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) system was designed and built to meet the needs of mobility-impaired persons with limitations of upper extremities, and to exceed the capabilities of current devices of this type. The control of this 9-DoF system expands on the conventional control methods and combines the 7-DoF robotic arm control with the 2-DoF power wheelchair control. The 3-degrees of redundancy are optimized to effectively perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and overcome singularities, joint limits and some workspace limitations. The control system is designed for teleoperated or autonomous coordinated Cartesian control, and it offers expandability for future research, such as voice or sip and puff control operations and sensor assist functions.
Geographic Dependence of the Solar Radiation Spectrum at Intermediate to High Frequencies (2018)

The solar radiation spectrum is important for renewable energy harvesting, as well as climate and ecological systems analysis. In addition to seasonal/annual and diurnal oscillations, the signal is composed of different frequencies ($f$) that modulate each other. This results in a continuous spectrum with a power-law dependence over the entire frequency range from 1/year up to at least 1/min. Geographical location plays an important role in determining the temporal variability of solar radiation and naturally affects its spectral power-law decay, primarily due to the latitudinal dependence of daylight duration and its seasonal variation,. Employing a model to calculate the clear sky solar radiation intensity at various global locations, we show that significant spatial variability exists, particularly versus the latitude, which we quantify via the exponent of the spectral power-law. At most locations, the spectral power-law dependence of the intermediate (1/day $&lt; f 1/$hour) frequencies. We demonstrate the origin of this power-law dependence from simple arguments, explain its geographic dependence and discuss the implications for photovoltaic power generation and solar-driven systems, and hence the impact on grid stability.
Solidification/stabilization of lead‐contaminated soil using cement and waste phosphorus slag (2014)

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is an effective technique for reducing the leachability of contaminants in soils. Very few studies have investigated the use of waste phosphorus slag (WPS) for S/S treatment of contaminated soils. Partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with WPS in the binder system is used to S/S of lead‐contaminated soil. Batch tests were conducted to study the physical properties of solidified forms with different concentrations of lead and WPS, namely unconfined compressive strength (UCS), setting times of early mixtures and changes in crystalline phases as well as chemical properties such as the leachability of lead and pH of the leachate. Results indicated that partial replacement of OPC with WPS could reduce the Pb leaching concentration of solidified samples effectively. XRD results indicated that the formation of fluoropyromorphite was strongly associated with the immobilization of lead. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 957–963, 2015
Collaborative Service Clouds (2010)

Thanks to Web 2.0 technologies, many computer-supported activities are provided on-line, which enhances the possibility of sharing information and resources. In particular, the concept of service cloud is emerging as a paradigm for offering Web-based services based on an open distributed architecture. In this paper, the authors propose a framework supporting the management of Collaborative Service Clouds, i.e., open, Web-based environments that enable the integration of heterogeneous services, and provide a user-centered unified management of business and private activities. The management of Collaborative Service Clouds is enabled by an open architecture, which provides services and data synchronization, coupled with a set of core applications supporting essential aspects of the functionality of the environment.
The synthesis and characterisation of hetero-bimetallic sulfonate bridged coordination polymers of the type MIISnIV(SO3X)6 with X = F or CF3 (1987)

The synthesis of a series of hetero-bimetallic fluorosulfate bridged coordination polymers of the type M(II)Sn(SO 3 F) 6 , with M(II) = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu, by interaction of the metal bisfluorosulfate with the strong fluorosulfate acceptor Sn(SO 3 F) 4 in fluorosulfuric acid is described. Subsequent solvolysis of either stoichiometric 1:1 mixtures of M(SO 3 F) 2 and Sn(SO 3 F) 4 or the bimetallic polymer M(II)Sn(IV)(SO 3 F) 6 in an excess of trifluoromethyl sulfuric acid affords the corresponding SO 3 CF 3 -bridged polymers of the composition M(II)Sn(SO 3 CF 3 ) 6 with M(II) = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu. The new compounds are characterized by infrared and 119 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Reduced inositol content and altered morphology in transgenic potato plants inhibited for 1D‐myo‐inositol 3‐phosphate synthase (1998)

Summary Myo ‐inositol is a precursor of many plant metabolites, including polyols, cell wall components and phosphoinositides. The first committed step in the de novo myo ‐inositol synthetic pathway is catalysed by the enzyme 1D‐ myo ‐inositol 3‐phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4 ), which converts D‐glucose 6‐phosphate to 1D‐ myo ‐inositol 3‐phosphate. Suppression of MIPS activity by an antisense RNA approach in transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants to below 20% of the wild‐type level in leaves resulted in strongly reduced levels of inositol, galactinol and raffinose (approximately 7%, 5% and 12%, respectively, of wild‐type values). In contrast, increases were observed for concentrations of hexose phosphates (up to 1.7‐fold), sucrose (twofold) and starch (two‐ to fourfold). Transgenic plants exhibited reduced apical dominance, altered leaf morphology, precocious leaf senescence and a decrease in overall tuber yield. These observations indicate a crucial role for myo ‐inositol in plant physiology and development.
Limit handling in a driving simulator (2015)

The purpose of this work has been to investigate how the driving simulator performs at the handling limit of a vehicle and improve its function so that the simulator feels and behaves more like a r ...
Transient anabolic effects accompany epidermal growth factor receptor signal activation in articular cartilage in vivo (2013)

These results demonstrate unexpected anabolic effects of EGFR signal activation in articular cartilage, and suggest the hypothesis that these effects may promote the expansion and/or activity of an endogenous EGFR-responsive cell population within the articular cartilage.
Benefit/risk of leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis. (2005)

Leflunomide was first shown to have disease-modifying properties in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Leflunomide has been subsequently used with success in several animal models of tissue and organ allograft and of autoimmune disease including collagen- and adjuvant-induced arthritis, interstitial nephritis, myasthenia gravis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on its success as an immunosuppressive agent in these models, leflunomide was tested for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
A 35 dB-linear exponential function generator for VGA and AGC applications (2004)

In this paper, a new current-mode based exponential function generator with high dB-linear range is developed. The exponential function is based on Taylor's concept. The proposed circuit is composed of current-to-current squarers, current multipliers, and a linear V-I converter with linearization technique. Based on a 0.25 μm CMOS process, the simulations show a 35 dB-linear output current range with the linearity error less than ± 0.5 dB. The power dissipation is less than 0.3 mW at 1.25 V supply voltage.
Attenuation and scattering of axisymmetrical modes in a fluid-filled round pipe with internally rough walls (2008)

The attenuation of axisymmetric eigenmodes in a cylindrical, elastic, fluid-filled waveguide with a statistically rough elastic wall is studied. It is shown that small perturbation theory can be used to relate explicitly the statistical characteristics of the internal wall surface roughness of an elastic pipe to the attenuation and scattering coefficients of the acoustic modes in the filling fluid. Analytical expressions for modal attenuation coefficients are obtained. The analysis of the frequency dependent attenuation coefficients and the ratio between the roughness correlation length and the inner radius of the pipe is made for different correlation functions of the roughness. It is shown that two scale parameters control the overall behavior of the modal attenuation coefficients. These are the ratios of the roughness correlation length and the inner pipe radius to the acoustic wavelength. The numerical results for sound propagation in a pipe and in a borehole with statistically rough, elastic walls are obtained and discussed.
Review of rapid ageing testing methods of three-way catalyst for gasoline engine (2020)

Recently, many advanced automotive companies around the world have developed rapid ageing methods for their three-way catalyst (TWC) converters. However, the systematic summary of related research progress is still lacking. Therefore, this work introduces TWC equivalent ageing mechanism, classifieds and summarises the current typical rapid ageing technology for TWC. The primary ageing of TWC on gasoline vehicle is thermal ageing, and the equivalent ageing theory is based on the Arrhenius equation. The current rapid ageing technology for TWC, including vehicle ageing, engine bench ageing, and burner ageing. There are three kinds of modes for engine bench ageing, which are single mode, two-mode and multimode ageing cycle. Introduces the common two-mode and multi-mode ageing cycle in detail. Meanwhile, the paper compares the characteristics of different ageing technologies. In general, engine bench ageing methods and burner ageing methods take less time, manpower and consumable cost than traditional vehicle ageing, but there is a certain deviation from the actual vehicle ageing effect.
Serial optical coherence tomography evaluation of the novel DESolve myolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold for the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions (2013)

Purpose: Fully bioresorbable scaffolds (BS) provide temporary vascular scaffolding with drug delivery capability to prevent vessel recoil and minimize restenosis. By recovering several aspects related to vascular biology and physiology, BS has the potential to reduce late stent thrombosis and need for dual anti-platelet therapy. The DESolve is a PLLA-based myolimus-eluting BS that is programmed to be fully absorbed within 1-2 years. We aim to present the optical coherence tomography (OCT) results of the first-in-human evaluation of this novel BS. Methods: The DESolve FIM trial enrolled 15 pts, treated with a single 3.0x14mm DESolve at 3 centers. Serial (baseline and 6-month follow-up) OCT was available for 10 pts. All images were analyzed by an independent core laboratory. At baseline, scaffold expansion and apposition were assessed. Scaffold structural discontinuity was qualitatively defined as the presence of ≥ 2 struts overhanging each other in the same angular sector of the lumen, or by isolated struts floating inside the lumen in complete misalignment with the surrounding struts. At follow-up, serial changes in lumen and scaffold dimensions were assessed as well as the degree of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) formation. Frequency of covered struts and NIH thickness on top of each strut were also examined. Scaffold and strut malapposition were serially assessed at the cross-section level and strut-level respectively. Results: At baseline, an overall positive scaffold expansion (12.7%) was obtained. Malapposition was seen in 8 (80%) scaffolds, but it was in average very small (0.03±0.04 mm2). No signs of structural discontinuity were observed at the cross-section level. Lumen area decreased over time (6.51±0.74mm2 to 4.69±0.59mm2, p=0.002), while no evidence of scaffold recoil from baseline (6.57±0.68 mm2) to follow-up (6.80±0.85 mm2, p=0.344) was observed. Mean NIH area measured 0.71±0.36 mm2, generating a 13.16±5.59% obstruction of the scaffold area. A total of 2,575 struts were analyzed at 6 months, and 98.7% were covered with a thin layer of NIH (0.12±0.04 mm). Six (60%) scaffolds were fully covered, and malapposition was observed in only 1 cross-section of 1 scaffold. Rate of malapposed struts changed from 2.01±2.75% to 0.04±0.12% over time (p=0.016). Conclusions: The DESolve exhibited maintenance of its structural integrity upon deployment, providing good mechanical support without signs of chronic recoil. At 6 months, it demonstrated effective NIH suppression without compromising tissue coverage rate of polymeric struts, with virtually complete resolution of accute scaffold malappositions.
Htr6 and Sstr3 ciliary targeting relies on both IC3 loops and C-terminal tails (2020)

ABSTRACT G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common pharmacological target in clinical practice. To perform their signaling functions, many GPCRs must accumulate at primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions that work as cellular antennae. Despite their great importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPCR ciliary targeting remain poorly understood. Serotonin receptor 6 (Htr6) and somatostatin receptor 3 (Sstr3) are two brain-enriched ciliary GPCRs controlling cognition and involved in multiple pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. We previously showed that the third intracellular loops (IC3s) of Htr6 and Sstr3 contain ciliary targeting sequences (CTSs) that are sufficient to confer ciliary localization to non-ciliary GPCRs. However, these CTSs are dispensable for the ciliary targeting of Htr6 and Sstr3 themselves, suggesting these GPCRs have additional CTSs. Herein, we show that the C-terminal tails of Htr6 and Sstr3 also contain CTSs, which act redundantly with those in the IC3s. Accordingly, simultaneous disruption of CTS1 (IC3) and CTS2 (C-terminal tail) abolishes ciliary targeting of both receptors. Mapping the individual residues required for Htr6 ciliary targeting reveals RKQ and LPG motifs critical for CTS1 and CTS2 function, respectively. In Sstr3, CTS1 function relies on the tandem AP[AS]CQ motifs and a subsequent arginine-rich stretch, whereas CTS2 operation requires the juxtamembrane residues. Furthermore, we shed light on the mechanisms of action of Htr6 CTSs by showing how they regulate binding to Tulp3 and Rabl2, two adapters needed for ciliary GPCR targeting.
Interferon-Mediated Immunopathological Events Are Associated with Atypical Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2007)

It is not understood how immune inflammation influences the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). One area of strong controversy is the role of interferon (IFN) responses in the natural history of SARS. The fact that the majority of SARS patients recover after relatively moderate illness suggests that the prevailing notion of deficient type I IFN-mediated immunity, with hypercytokinemia driving a poor clinical course, is oversimplified. We used proteomic and genomic technology to systematically analyze host innate and adaptive immune responses of 40 clinically well-described patients with SARS during discrete phases of illness from the onset of symptoms to discharge or a fatal outcome. A novel signature of high IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IFN-stimulated chemokine levels, plus robust antiviral IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, accompanied early SARS sequelae. As acute illness progressed, SARS patients entered a crisis phase linked to oxygen saturation profiles. The majority of SARS patients resolved IFN responses at crisis and expressed adaptive immune genes. In contrast, patients with poor outcomes showed deviated ISG and immunoglobulin gene expression levels, persistent chemokine levels, and deficient anti-SARS spike antibody production. We contend that unregulated IFN responses during acute-phase SARS may culminate in a malfunction of the switch from innate immunity to adaptive immunity. The potential for the use of the gene signatures we describe in this study to better assess the immunopathology and clinical management of severe viral infections, such as SARS and avian influenza (H5N1), is therefore worth careful examination.
The Bloomier filter: an efficient data structure for static support lookup tables (2004)

We introduce the Bloomier filter, a data structure for compactly encoding a function with static support in order to support approximate evaluation queries. Our construction generalizes the classical Bloom filter, an ingenious hashing scheme heavily used in networks and databases, whose main attribute---space efficiency---is achieved at the expense of a tiny false-positive rate. Whereas Bloom filters can handle only set membership queries, our Bloomier filters can deal with arbitrary functions. We give several designs varying in simplicity and optimality, and we provide lower bounds to prove the (near) optimality of our constructions.
Hepatitis E seroconversion in United States travelers abroad. (1999)

Sporadic cases of symptomatic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection have been reported in United States travelers to developing countries, including Mexico and Pakistan. To evaluate the risk of exposure in United States travelers, 356 patients seen in our Travel Clinics were tested for antibodies to HEV before and 6 weeks after traveling. Samples obtained 6 months after traveling were available for 211 travelers. IgG and IgM antibodies to HEV were assayed with HEV ELISA diagnostic kits containing 3 recombinant antigens expressed in Escherichia coli representing immunodominant epitopes within open reading frames 2 and 3 of HEV. Nine patients were IgG seropositive in specimens obtained before travel. Four individuals seroconverted. In all 4 patients, IgG seroconversion was demonstrated in samples obtained at least 6 months after return. Samples obtained 6 weeks after return were seronegative for HEV in all 3 patients for whom such samples were available. Travel destinations were diverse: Thailand, China, Russia, and Peru. These data are consistent with an infection acquired while traveling. None of the seropositive subjects reported any symptoms of hepatitis before or after travel. In the absence of overt disease, these results imply that exposure to HEV resulted in subclinical infections.
High quality depth map estimation by kinect upsampling and hole filling using RGB features and mutual information (2013)

High quality depth map estimation is required for better visualization of 3D views as there is great impact of depth map quality on overall 3D image quality. If the depth is estimated from conventional ways using two or more images, some defects come into picture, mostly in regions without texture. We utilised Microsoft Kinect RGBD dataset to obtain input color images and depth maps which also includes some noise factors. We proposed a method to remove this noise and get quality depth images. First the color and depth images are aligned to each other using intensity based image registration. This method of image alignment is mostly used in medical field, but we applied this technique to correct kinect depth maps by which one can avoid cumbersome task of feature based point correspondence between images. There is no requirement of preprocessing or segmentation steps if we use intensity based image alignment method. Second, we proposed an algorithm to fill the unwanted gaps in kinect depth maps and upsampled it using corresponding high resolution color image. Finally we applied 9×9 median filtering on implementation results and get high quality and improved depth maps.
Effectiveness of Traffic Direction Techniques in Mobile International Roaming and Implications for Market Definition (2007)

This paper describes the techniques adopted to date by mobile operators to direct the traffic of their roaming customers abroad to specific and preferred foreign networks, and analyzes its effects from a regulatory point of view. It introduces some criteria, including a Traffic Steering Index, that allow regulators to assess whether, in a pair of mobile operators from two different countries, one adopts effective direction techniques to the other's network. Furthermore, the paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the share of roaming traffic that is effectively directed to a specified network by a given group of foreign operators, and hence a measure of a realistic direction efficiency. Finally, it briefly examines how the use of such technical methodologies could be employed in the definition of the markets related to international roaming, particularly when considering a market of captive traffic, namely traffic internalised between operators from different countries belonging to the same group/alliance.