gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case study of activity‐based costing in allocating rebar fabrication costs to projects (2011)

How to improve cost allocation for reinforced steel bar (rebar) is an ongoing topic of debate among construction manufacturers and contractors. Traditionally, many fabrication shops have used a single overhead‐cost pool accounting system. However, a new costing method, activity‐based costing (ABC), may provide more advantages than the traditional system. In this case study, a single overhead‐cost pool system is compared with the ABC method to demonstrate how ABC improves cost allocation and provides other benefits. The case study findings indicate that ABC provides such benefits as (1) accurate manufacturing costs; (2) cost information on processes; and (3) information on cost drivers. This paper also bridges the construction and cost accounting literature. Our study contributes to the construction management literature by offering a different cost allocation method to refine fabrication costs assigned to projects. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for industry professionals who recognize the shortcomings of a traditional single overhead‐cost pool system and are in need of a more accurate costing system.
Synthesis of Conjugates of 6-Aminophenanthridine and Guanabenz, Two Structurally Unrelated Prion Inhibitors, for the Determination of Their Cellular Targets by Affinity Chromatography (2010)

The synthesis of affinity matrices for 6-aminophenanthridine (6AP) and 2,6-dichlorobenzylidenaminoguanidine (Guanabenz, GA), two unrelated prion inhibitors, is described. In both cases, the same simple spacer, epsilon-aminocaproylaminopentanol, was introduced by a Mitsunobu reaction and the choice of the anchoring position of the linker was determined by the study of the residual antiprion activity of the corresponding 6AP or GA conjugates. Very recently, these two affinity matrices were used for chromatography assays leading to the identification of ribosome (via the rRNA) as a common target of these two antiprion drugs. Here, we show, using competition experiments with Quinacrine (QC) and Chlorpromazine (CPZ), two other antiprion drugs, that QC, but not CPZ, may also directly target the rRNA.
Galectin-9 Triggers Neutrophil-Mediated Anticancer Immunity (2021)

In earlier studies, galectin-9 (Gal-9) was identified as a multifaceted player in both adaptive and innate immunity. Further, Gal-9 had direct cytotoxic and tumor-selective activity towards cancer cell lines of various origins. In the current study, we identified that treatment with Gal-9 triggered pronounced membrane alterations in cancer cells. Specifically, phosphatidyl serine (PS) was rapidly externalized, and the anti-phagocytic regulator, CD47, was downregulated within minutes. In line with this, treatment of mixed neutrophil/tumor cell cultures with Gal-9 triggered trogocytosis and augmented antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of cancer cells. Interestingly, this pro-trogocytic effect was also due to the Gal-9-mediated activation of neutrophils with upregulation of adhesion markers and mobilization of gelatinase, secretory, and specific granules. These activation events were accompanied by a decrease in cancer cell adhesion in mixed cultures of leukocytes and cancer cells. Further, prominent cytotoxicity was detected when leukocytes were mixed with pre-adhered cancer cells, which was abrogated when neutrophils were depleted. Taken together, Gal-9 treatment potently activated neutrophil-mediated anticancer immunity, resulting in the elimination of epithelial cancer cells.
Cell cycle arrest in Metformin treated breast cancer cells involves activation of AMPK, downregulation of cyclin D1, and requires (2008)

Background: The antihyperglycemic drug metformin may have beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of cancer. Metformin is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It has also been shown to inhibit cyclin D1 expression and proliferation of some cultured cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of action by which metformin mediates cell cycle arrest are not completely understood. Results: In this study, metformin was found to inhibit proliferation of most cultured breast cancer cell lines. This was independent of estrogen receptor, HER2, or p53 status. Inhibition of cell proliferation was associated with arrest within G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. As in previous studies, metformin treatment led to activation of (AMPK) and downregulation of cyclin D1. However, these events were not sufficient for cell cycle arrest because they were also observed in the MDA-MB231 cell line, which is not sensitive to growth arrest by metformin. In sensitive breast cancer lines, the reduction in cyclin D1 led to release of sequestered CDK inhibitors, p27Kip1 and p21Cip1, and association of these inhibitors with cyclin E/CDK2 complexes. The metformin-resistant cell line MDA-MB-231 expresses significantly lower levels of p27 Kip1 and p21 Cip1 than the metforminsensitive cell line, MCF7. When p27Kip1 or p21Cip1 were overexpressed in MDA-MB-231, the cells became sensitive to cell cycle arrest in response to metformin. Conclusion: Cell cycle arrest in response to metformin requires CDK inhibitors in addition to AMPK activation and cyclin D1 downregulation. This is of interest because many cancers are associated with loss or downregulation of CDK inhibitors and the results may be relevant to the development of anti-tumor reagents that target the AMPK pathway.
Relative roles of endothelin-1 and angiotensin II in experimental post-ischaemic acute renal failure (2003)

These results suggest that ET-1 blockade is more efficient in improving the early course of post-ischaemic renal injury than ANG II inhibition, and that blockade of ET-1 might be effective in prophylaxis of ischaemic ARF.
c-Myc overexpression sensitises colon cancer cells to camptothecin-induced apoptosis (2003)

The proto-oncogene c-Myc is overexpressed in 70% of colorectal tumours and can modulate proliferation and apoptosis after cytotoxic insult. Using an isogenic cell system, we demonstrate that c-Myc overexpression in colon carcinoma LoVo cells resulted in sensitisation to camptothecin-induced apoptosis, thus identifying c-Myc as a potential marker predicting response of colorectal tumour cells to camptothecin. Both camptothecin exposure and c-Myc overexpression in LoVo cells resulted in elevation of p53 protein levels, suggesting a role of p53 in the c-Myc-imposed sensitisation to the apoptotic effects of camptothecin. This was confirmed by the ability of PFT-alpha, a specific inhibitor of p53, to attenuate camptothecin-induced apoptosis. p53 can induce the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1), an antiproliferative protein that can facilitate DNA repair and drug resistance. Importantly, although camptothecin treatment markedly increased p21(Waf1/Cip1) levels in parental LoVo cells, this effect was abrogated in c-Myc-overexpressing derivatives. Targeted inactivation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in HCT116 colon cancer cells resulted in significantly increased levels of apoptosis following treatment with camptothecin, demonstrating the importance of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in the response to this agent. Finally, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify genes that are modulated in expression by c-Myc upregulation that could serve as additional markers predicting response to camptothecin. Thirty-four sequences were altered in expression over four-fold in two isogenic c-Myc-overexpressing clones compared to parental LoVo cells. Moreover, the expression of 10 of these genes was confirmed to be significantly correlated with response to camptothecin in a panel of 30 colorectal cancer cell lines.
Dielectrophoretic trapping of multilayer DNA origami nanostructures and DNA origami‐induced local destruction of silicon dioxide (2015)

Electrophoresis 2015, 36, 255–262. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400323 DNA origami is a widely used method for fabrication of complex and custom-shaped nanostructures. To further utilize these versatile nanoarchitectures, we demonstrate guiding and anchoring of individual DNA origamis on a chip. Different types of 3D multilayer DNA origami structures were trapped and immobilized on gold nanoelectrodes by AC-dielectrophoresis (DEP). Trapping of single brick-like objects is shown in the back-image as well as the implemented electrode geometry. We observed that structural deformations of DNA origamis during the DEP trapping procedure are highly dependent on the shape of the object and the fundamental construction of the origami design. In addition, the electrical conductivity of single unmodified brick-like origami structures immobilized between the nanoelectrodes revealed to be negligible. However, we found out that trapping of the same design equipped with densely-packed thiol-linkers (see up-left inset), tended to induce an etched “nanocanyon” in the SiO2 substrate precisely at the location of the trapped origami (see low right inset). The results demonstrate that the DEP-trapping technique can be exploited in assembling of complex origami geometries. Moreover, DNA origamis could be used in deformation of the substrates onto which they are attached.
[New strain of methylotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas oleovorans--a polysaccharide producer]. (1977)

A new strain of facultative-methylotrophic bacteria was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas oleovorans. The culture grew on the methanol-containing medium (up to 6%). In addition to methanol, bacterial growth was provided by different organic acids, multicarbon alcohols and carbohydrates. During growth bacteria synthesized extracellular polysaccharide (up to 400 mg/ml). The compound included glucose, galactose and xylose.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIK UND MECHANISMUS DER OX. VON THIOSULFATIONEN DURCH KUPFER(II)‐IONEN IN WAESSRIGER AMMONIAKLOESUNG (1973)

Abstract Cu(II) oxidiert in wäßrigem NH 3 Thiosulfationen zunächst zu Tetrathionat (840% ′)‐Ionen, die dann unter Bildung von Trithionat (S30?) und Thiosulfationen disproportionieren.
Faraday rotation in magneto-optical semiconductor waveguides for integrated isolators (2006)

Magnetically doped Fe:InP and Fe:InGaAsP was characterized for verdict coefficient. The verdet coefficient was measured to be 180&deg;/mm/T for Fe:InGaAsP, which is higher than YIG. High mesa waveguide of Fe doped InP/InGaAsP was fabricated and characterized. Faraday rotation in InP/InGaAsP waveguide was measured for the first time. The measured verdict coefficient is 33.3&deg;/mm/T, which is only four times smaller than that of YIG.
A New Three-Phase Relative Permeability Model For Various Wettability Conditions (1999)

Abstract A mathematical model for three-phase flow has been previously developed and validated in water-wet and spreading conditions. The model was based on a description of the porous medium considered as a set of fractal pores. The fluids are allowed to flow together in a same pore, gas in the center, and, for water-wet conditions, water in the vicinity of the walls and oil as an intermediate phase. The objective of the present study is to confirm that the above model is able, when properly applied, to describe more general wetting conditions. Three-phase relative permeabilities are obtained by history matching gas injection experiments performed in water-wet and oil-wet porous media. Two fluid systems characterized by spreading and non-spreading of oil on water in presence of gas were used. The model is properly modified to take into account different wetting conditions through a wettability index. It is shown that the model is able to correctly predict oil recovery and breakthrough time for a series of gas injection tests performed under secondary and tertiary conditions. In water-wet condition, the presence of water next to the solid wall determines the shape of the pore space available for the oil and gas flow. It is observed that the fractal linear dimension decreases, with increasing water saturation, from the dimension of the roughness (DL=1.72) to the one of a cylindrical pore (DL≈1). In oil-wet condition, water looses its ability to model the wall of the medium since oil is preferentially in contact with the solid surface. This leads to a constant DL, the value of which corresponds to the surface roughness. In this last case the presence of water in the center of the pores decreases the gas mobility.
Presumptive Cycad Toxicosis in a Dog. Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Case Report (2020)

Cases of cycad toxicosis have been described in dogs that have presented with gastrointestinal, hematologic, hepatic, neurological, and carcinogenic signs. This case report describes brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions in a dog with gastrointestinal and neurological signs secondary to cycad toxicosis. A 5-year-old neutered female Jack Russell terrier presented with a 2-days history of gastroenteric signs, progressive generalized tremors, and altered mentation after possible ingestion of <i>Cycad revoluta</i>. Neurologic examinations revealed disorientation, a wide-based stance, severe spasticity of the four limbs, intention tremors, severe cerebellar ataxia, decreased postural reactions in all four limbs, and intermittent decreased menace response in both eyes-all of which are consistent with a multifocal intracranial disorder involving the forebrain and cerebellum. A brain MRI showed diffuse/ill-defined, intra-axial bilateral and symmetrical changes, predominantly affecting the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. A presumptive diagnosis of toxic-metabolic encephalopathy was made. Medical management of the clinical signs was performed, and the dog was discharged 7 days after presentation with no neurological abnormalities. Two and 8 weeks later, complete blood count (CBC), chemistry, electrolytes, and 8 weeks later brain MRI were performed, revealing no abnormalities. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing lesions detected by brain MRI secondary to cycad toxicosis as well as a complete resolution of brain lesions on a follow-up MRI 8 weeks later.
Expression of Cyr61 and VEGF in Colon Cancer and Their Clinical Significance (2008)

Objective To study the expression and significance of Cyr61、VEGF protein in colon cancer.Methods Immunohistochemistry S-P method was used to detect the different expression of Cyr61 and VEGF in 40 cases with colom tumor and 15 normal colon from incisal edges.Results (1)The expression level of Cyr61 was 95%(38/40) in cancer tissues.It was significantly higher than the rate of 40%(6/15,P0.001) in normal tissues;(2)The expression of Cyr61 had closed correlation with the degree of differentiation,Duke's grade and lymph node metastasis in colon cancer(P=0.048,P=0.019,P=0.001);(3)The expression level of VEGF was 67.5%(27/40) in cancer tissues.It was significantly higher than the rate of 20%(6/15,P0.01) in namal tissue;(4)The expression of Cyr61 was closely correlated with VEGF in colon cancer(χ2=5.507,P0.05).Conclusion (1)The positive rate of Cyr61 in cancer tissue is over-expressed than that in the normal tissue and it marks tumor with high sensitivity,which suggests that it maybe a novel colon cancer marker.The expression of Cyr61 had closed correlation with the degree of differentiation,Duke's grade and lymph node metastasis,which indicates that it may be related with development of colon cancer.It can be a novel target for colon cancer biological treatment.(2)The expression of Cyr61 is closed with the expression of VEGF.It can be deducted that Cyr61 affected tumor angiogenesis though regulating the expression of VEGF.
Antifungal activity of statins againstAspergillusspecies (2007)

The cholesterol-lowering agents known as statins have in vitro activities against human pathogenic fungi, such as Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Zygomycetes. Synergy between statins and azoles against these fungi has also been reported. We evaluated the in vitro activities of two statins, lovastatin and simvastatin, alone and in combination with azoles and amphotericin B, against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. A disk diffusion assay showed that both statins were active against Aspergillus spp. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges for lovastatin and simvastatin against Aspergillus spp. were 16 to >256 microg/ml and 4 to >256 microg/ml, respectively. Although both statins were fungicidal for A. fumigatus, the MICs were vastly higher than clinically achievable concentrations. The results of a combined agar dilution-Epsilometer test as well as a disk diffusion assay showed that neither statin had any effect on the in vitro activities of itraconazole, voriconazole, or amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp.
Shift-Based Density Estimation for Pareto-Based Algorithms in Many-Objective Optimization (2013)

It is commonly accepted that Pareto-based evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms encounter difficulties in dealing with many-objective problems. In these algorithms, the ineffectiveness of the Pareto dominance relation for a high-dimensional space leads diversity maintenance mechanisms to play the leading role during the evolutionary process, while the preference of diversity maintenance mechanisms for individuals in sparse regions results in the final solutions distributed widely over the objective space but distant from the desired Pareto front. Intuitively, there are two ways to address this problem: 1) modifying the Pareto dominance relation and 2) modifying the diversity maintenance mechanism in the algorithm. In this paper, we focus on the latter and propose a shift-based density estimation (SDE) strategy. The aim of our study is to develop a general modification of density estimation in order to make Pareto-based algorithms suitable for many-objective optimization. In contrast to traditional density estimation that only involves the distribution of individuals in the population, SDE covers both the distribution and convergence information of individuals. The application of SDE in three popular Pareto-based algorithms demonstrates its usefulness in handling many-objective problems. Moreover, an extensive comparison with five state-of-the-art EMO algorithms reveals its competitiveness in balancing convergence and diversity of solutions. These findings not only show that SDE is a good alternative to tackle many-objective problems, but also present a general extension of Pareto-based algorithms in many-objective optimization.
High Temperature Resins for Composites (1977)

Three Air Force resin systems were investigated for their potential to achieve their individual merits in graphite composites. The three resins were Thermid 600, acetylene-terminated quinoxalines (ATQ), and polyimidazoquinazoline (PIQ). Hot-melt prepreg techniques were investigated and found to give higher quality prepregs (lower volatile content) than solution techniques for the Thermid 600. High quality composites were produced from prepregs produced by both methods. The ATQ oligomer was synthesized, solution prepregged, and then processed into graphite composites. PIQ was synthesized and hot-melt prepregged, and did not produce a high quality laminate. This is probably due to fiber or fiber-finish instability at the high cure temperatures required. Celion 3000 was selected from thermal oxidative tests carried out on several fibers at 700 deg F.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES IN THE α‐KAINIC ACID (2,3‐TRANS,3,4‐CIS‐2‐CARBOXY‐4‐ISOPROPENYLPYRROLIDIN‐3‐YLACETIC ACID) SERIES (1981)

Abstract Durch thermische Cyclisierung des aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) über die Stufe (IIIa) erhältlichen Aminoesters (IIIb) wird ein trennbares Gemisch der isomeren Pyrrolidine (IV) erhalten, aus dem die Kainsäure (VI)‐Analogen (Va) bzw. (Vb) gewonnen werden.
International Perspectives on the Design of Technology-supported Learning Environments (2012)

Contents: Preface. R. Glaser, E.L. Ferguson, S. Vosniadou, Introduction: Cognition and the Design of Environments for Learning. Part I: Representation. S. Vosniadou, Learning Environments for Representational Growth and Cognitive Flexibility. J. Bliss, Externalizing Thinking Through Modeling: ESRC Tools for Exploratory Learning Research Program. R. Kozma, J. Russell, T. Jones, N. Marx, J. Davis, The Use of Multiple, Linked Representations to Facilitate Science Understanding. B. Schwarz, M.J. Nathan, L.B. Resnick, Acquisition of Meaning for Arithmetic Structures with the Planner. K. Reusser, From Cognitive Modeling to the Design of Pedagogical Tools. E. Lehtinen, S. Repo, Activity, Social Interaction, and Reflective Abstraction: Learning Advanced Mathematical Concepts in a Computer Environment. E. De Corte, Changing Views of Computer-Suppported Learning Environments for the Acquistion of Knowledge and Thinking Skills. Part II: Social Interaction. M. Scardamalia, C. Bereiter, Adaptation and Understanding: A Case for New Cultures of Schooling. P. Dillenbourg, Distributing Cognition Over Humans and Machines. G. Kanselaar, G. Erkens, Interactivity in Cooperative Problem Solving with Computers. J. Torney-Purta, Conceptual Change Among Adolescents Using Computer Networks and Peer Collaboration in Studying International Political Issues. Part III: Meaningful Contexts and Multiple Perspectives. J.D. Bransford et al., MOST Environments for Accelerating Literacy Development. S.R. Goldman et al., Anchoring Science in Multimedia Learning Environments. Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt, Multimedia Environments for Enhancing Learning in Mathematics. H. Mandl, H. Gruber, A. Renkl, Learning to Apply: From School Garden Instruction to Techonolgy-Based Learning Environments. P. Mendelsohn, Mapping Models of Cognitive Development to Design Principles of Learning Environments. Part IV: Principles of System Design. A. Collins, Design Issues for Learning Environments. G. Salomon, Studying Novel Learning Environments as Patterns of Change.
Split-Ring-Shaped Biodegradable pH Sensor for Wireless and Battery-Free Monitoring of Agricultural Fields (2021)

This paper describes a pH sensor for soil monitoring that is composed of fully biodegradable materials in the soil. Our biodegradable pH sensor is composed of only two key elements: One is a magnesium electromagnetic antenna that dissolves in water, and the other is a protection layer of hydroxyapatite that decomposes in response to pH. This sensor works as an electromagnetic split-ring resonator (metamaterial) that reflects electromagnetic waves with specific frequency in GHz band, enabling in wireless remote sensing without any electric circuits or batteries. We demonstrated wireless pH detection of soil for aiming to realize an environmentally friendly monitoring sensor that does not require collection after installation.
A sequence of Albin type continuous martingales with Brownian marginals and scaling (2010)

Closely inspired by Albin's method which relies ultimately on the duplication formula for the Gamma function, we exploit Gauss' multiplication formula to construct a sequence of continuous martingales with Brownian marginals and scaling.
Nonstudent Young Men Put Students at High Risk of HIV Acquisition in Guangxi, China: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Surveillance Data (2022)

The tendency of genetic linkage between students and nonstudent young men and their important position in the HIV transmission network emphasizes the urgent need for 2-pronged public health interventions based on both school and society.