gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The situation of sexual transmitted diseases among acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and its influence on the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between couples (2018)

Objective
To investigate the situation of sexual transmitted diseases (STD) prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)patients and to analyze its impact on HIV transmission between couples. 


Methods
Under voluntary counseling and testing, 1 871 clinically confirmed HIV/AIDS patients underwent common STD testing, with synchronous test of HIV infection on their couples. Continuous variables were compared using t-test, and categorical variables were compared using variance analysis. Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. 


Results
Among 1 871 HIV/AIDS patients, 571 patients (30.5%) were co-infected with STD. The HIV transmission rates between couples in STD co-infection group and non-STD co-infection group were 49.2% (281/571) and 23.6% (307/1 300), respectively, which was statistically different (χ2=120.6, P<0.01). Among the 571 HIV/STD co-infection patients, HIV transmission rates between couples with genital herpes, condyloma acuminatum, gonorrhoea or nongonococcal urethritis and syphilis were 84.2% (80/95), 72.2% (78/108), 45.0% (27/60) and 31.2% (96/308), respectively. There was statistically significant among multiple groups comparisons (χ2=110.0, P<0.01). Among the comparison between two groups, there were statistically significant differences between genital herpes group and condyloma acuminatum group (χ2=4.210, P=0.040), between pointed condyloma group and gonorrhoea or nongonococcal urethritis group (χ2=12.196, P<0.01), between gonorrhoea or nongonococcal urethritis group and syphilis group (χ2=4.317, P=0.038). 


Conclusions
STD co-infection rate is high among HIV/AIDS patients. STD can facilitate the HIV transmission between couples, and different STD has different impact on the transmission.


Key words: 
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Herpes genitalis; Condylomata acuminata; Syphilis; Human papillomavirus; Gonorrhea; Nongonococcal urethritis
Myelin Alterations during the Development of an Absence Seizure Mouse Model (2023)

Maladaptive myelination may be related to the increasing frequency of absence seizures. To explore this connection, we performed MRI microstructural measurements in ex vivo mouse brains from the Scn8amed+/- model of absence epilepsy in two cohorts of mice at two points of their development, both before and after seizures were well established. Our MRI g-ratio results strongly agree with our previous findings based on electron microscopy and show a clear alteration of myelination throughout the anterior portion of the corpus callosum.
In vivo protein adsorption on polymers: visualization of adsorbed proteins on vascular implants in dogs (1993)

The absorption of plasma proteins is an important event at the blood-material interface, and strongly affects subsequent cellular interaction and thrombus formation. Although considerable efforts have been expended to elucidate the mechanism of protein adsorption and the role of absorbed protein layer at the blood-material interface, there has been little knowledge of how the initial adsorbed proteins are maintained or changed in a time-variant process in in vivo long-term implantation. In this study, we described detailed analyses concerning the characterization of adsorbed proteins on HEMA--styrene block copolymer surfaces (HEMA-st) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) grafted Biomer (B-PEO4K) for in vivo long-term canine vascular graft implants as well as in vitro short-term experiments. Biomer vascular grafts (6 mm I.D., 7 cm in length) were fabricated by a dip coating and the luminal surface was modified with PEO grafting, HEMA-st coating, or Biomer coating (control). These surface modified grafts were recirculated for different time intervals (5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min) using citrated canine whole blood. The grafts were then implanted in the abdominal aortas of dogs and evaluated for graft patency and protein adsorption. The adsorbed proteins (albumin, IgG and fibrinogen) were quantified using an in situ radioimmunoassay. Surface protein layer thickness was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Visualization of absorbed plasma proteins (albumin, IgG and fibrinogen) was performed with TEM using an immunoperoxidase double antibody technique. In in vitro recirculation systems, albumin and IgG showed similar Langmuir type pattern onto all test surfaces. On B-PEO4K surfaces, fibrinogen adsorption kinetics demonstrated 'Vroman effect'. The Biomer and B-PEO4K grafts occluded within 1 month, while HEMA-st grafts were patent for over 3 months. Biomer and B-PEO4K showed thick multilayers of adsorbed proteins, and the thickness increased with implantation periods and the composition altered with time. In contrast, HEMA-st showed a monolayer-like adsorbed protein pattern, and the composition and thickness were consistent regardless of implantation time including in vitro short-time experiments, which may attribute to less conformational change of adsorbed proteins on HEMA-st surfaces. In terms of nonthrombogenicity, the stable monolayer-like adsorbed protein layer on HEMA-st surfaces exhibited improved blood compatibility over thick multilayered adsorbed proteins on Biomer and B-PEO4K surfaces.
Pulse stretching utilizing two-photon-induced light absorption (1969)

The effect of inserting an element exhibiting induced absorption into a Q -switched laser cavity is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The rate equations are solved assuming two types of nonlinear loss, one being proportional to the square of the laser intensity and the other being proportional to the product of laser intensity and density of excited electrons in the nonlinear absorber. Experiments are performed with a rotating-prism ruby laser with a CdS crystal in its cavity. It is established that two-photon absorption takes place, and as predicted by the theory that the output intensity and output energy both decrease and pulse length increases as compared with the normal Q -switched case. In addition, the output pulse has an oscillatory behavior, and it is suggested that this is caused by loss due to the excited electrons, which are found to have a lifetime of approximately 24 ns.
Urethral pressure reflectometry; a novel technique for simultaneous recording of pressure and cross‐sectional area: a study of feasibility in the prostatic urethra (2012)

Study Type – Diagnostic (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? In the 1980s and 1990s, a method for direct measurement of pressure and cross‐sectional area in women and men was developed. It was successful in terms of obtaining meaningful results in several studies. But the technique, which was based on the field gradient principle, was never implemented in the clinical setting because of technical limitations. In 2005, urethral pressure reflectometry was introduced as a new technique in female urodynamics. The technique has been shown to be more reproducible than conventional urethral pressure profilometry, when measuring incontinence in women. In 2010 it was also introduced as a new measuring technique in the anal canal. This study, adds a new and interesting technique to the field of male urodynamics. For the first time, sound waves have been used to measure pressure and cross‐sectional area simultaneously, directly in the prostatic urethra. The results from this first trial with urethral pressure reflectometry are promising, in terms of obtaining meaningful physiological parameters. Our hope is that, future trials will help us to be able to identify specific areas of obstruction or rigidity in the prostatic urethra, making treatment more direct and side effects from surgery less severe. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the technique with regards to clinical usefulness in men with benign prostatic obstruction. OBJECTIVE Urethral Pressure Reflectometry (UPR) was introduced in 2005, and it has since been used in the female urethra for simultaneous measurement of pressure (P) and cross‐sectional area (CA). It has shown to be more reproducible than conventional pressure measurement and reintroduced direct measurement of pressure and elastance in the urethra as important parameters when assessing incontinent women. To test the feasibility of UPR in the prostatic urethra. PATIENTS AND METHODS We tested the technique in ten male patients, median age 73 and range 51–91. Measurements were performed in the supine position, with less than 50 ml of urine in the bladder. The UPR valuables measured were opening and closing pressure, opening and closing elastance and hysteresis. RESULTS The PVC tube was easy to insert to the same degree as a normal KAD. Opening pressure and opening elastance were measured on all patients. The sphincter area was easily identified during measurements. UPR provides results compatible with previous techniques. A standardized method for measurements was developed. CONCLUSION UPR has been shown feasible in the prostatic urethra. Further studies on healthy volunteers and patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) are needed, to determine if UPR has a future role in urodynamic diagnostics of male patients with BPO.
Pathophysiologically Relevant Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Promote Progressive Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling in Rats (1998)

These studies suggest that pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of TNF-alpha are sufficient to mimic certain aspects of the phenotype observed in experimental and clinical models of heart failure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Voltammetric Study of Compound Formation in the Hg‐Cd‐Te System. (1990)

Abstract The cathodic electrodeposition chemistry in the Hg‐Cd‐Te system is studied in an H 2 SO 4 electrolyte by means of hydrodynamic voltammetry in conjunction with cyclic photovoltammetry, XRD, and optical measurements.
Reelin Depletion is an Early Phenomenon of Alzheimer's Pathology (2012)

Alterations in the expression of Reelin (RELN) have been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether these changes are cause or consequence of AD remains to be resolved. To better understand the role of RELN pathway in the development of AD, we examined the expression profile of RELN and its downstream signaling members APOER2, VLDLR, and DAB1 in AD-vulnerable regions of transgenic and wildtype mice as well as in AD patients and controls across disease stages and/or aging. We show that both AD pathology and aging are associated with perturbation of the RELN pathway in a species-, region-, and molecule-specific manner. Further, we show that depletion of RELN, but not its downstream signaling molecules, is detectable long before the onset of amyloid-β pathology in the murine hippocampus and in a pre-clinical AD stage in the human frontal cortex. This early event hints at a possible causative role of RELN decline in the precipitation of AD pathology and supports RELN's potential as a pre-clinical marker for AD.
Exploiting piecewise linear features: multinested and simplicial cellular neural/nonlinear networks (2003)

This paper is especially written for a special session devoted to piecewise linear (PWL) circuits and systems to be presented in ISCAS 2003. We focus on applications of PWL functions to cellular neural/nonlinear networks (CNN). Much of the CNN functionality relies on the design of the nonlinear differential equation that rules the behavior of the cell. Accordingly, in this paper we present some of the latest developments in PWL CNN cell design. We describe and compare two novel architectures developed recently, namely, the multinested CNN and the simplicial CNN (S-CNN).
A Link-Node Complementarity Formulation and Its Solution Algorithm for Asymmetric Traffic Assignment (2006)

This paper presents a complementarity formulation and its solution algorithm for asymmetric traffic assignment. A link-node based nonlinear complementarity formulation is proposed for modeling the asymmetric user equilibrium, with rigorous proofs of equivalence, and solution existence and uniqueness conditions. To solve the model, the paper develops a decomposition scheme based on individual origins. For each origin, a spanning and acyclic sub-network is constructed and maintained throughout the iterations. Then a decomposed sub-problem is derived on each sub-network and solved using an efficient solution approach developed in the mathematical programming community. Numerical examples provided in the paper show that the proposed model and algorithm can solve efficiently medium size asymmetric traffic assignment problems and have the potential to be applied for large scale problems.
Effects of Polishing Ratio on General Components and Water-absorbing Rate of Two Row Barley (1992)

and water-absorbing capacity of two raw barley were studied with a cultivar Daisengold of different polishing ratio.
Effects of the Pump Wavelength on Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization (2020)

A high harmonics source is used to perform x-ray resonant magnetic scattering on magnetic samples. The dynamics of laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization are probed and longer pump wavelengths are found to increase the initial quenching levels.
Synthesis of a Novel Cyclic Chlorophyll Hetero‐Dyad as a Model Compound for Stacked Chlorophylls Found in Photosynthetic Systems (2004)

Abstract A covalently doubly linked cyclic chlorophyll hetero‐dyad was stereospecifically prepared as a model for naturally stacked chlorophyll suprastructures. In the synthetic dyad, two composite macrocycles are situated very close to each other such that the Q y transition dipole moments intramolecularly interact to give intense circular dichroism peaks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Language model data filtering via user simulation and dialogue resynthesis (2005)

In this paper, we address the issue of generating language model training data during the initial stages of dialogue system development. The process begins with a large set of sentence templates, automatically adapted from other application domains. We propose two methods to filter the raw data set to achieve a desired probability distribution of the semantic content, both on the sentence level and on the class level. The first method utilizes user simulation technology, which obtains the probability model via an interplay between a probabilistic user model and the dialogue system. The second method synthesizes novel dialogue interactions by modeling after a small set of dialogues produced by the developers during the course of system refinement. We evaluated our methodology by speech recognition performance on a set of 520 unseen utterances from naive users interacting with a restaurant domain dialogue system.
Reducing the phase sensitivity of laser-based optical reservoir computing systems (2016)

Optical implementations of reservoir computing systems are very promising because of their high processing speeds and the possibility to process several tasks in parallel. These systems can be implemented using semiconductor lasers subject to optical delayed feedback and optical injection. While the amount of the feedback/injection can be easily controlled, it is much more difficult to control the optical feedback/injection phase. We present extensive numerical investigations of the influence of the feedback/injection phases on laser-based reservoir computing systems with feedback. We show that a change in the phase can lead to a strong reduction in the reservoir computing system performance. We introduce a new readout layer design that -at least for some tasks- reduces this sensitivity to changes in the phase. It consists in optimizing the readout weights from a coherent combination of the reservoir's readout signal and its delayed version rather than only from the reservoir's readout signal as is usually done.
Self-heating thermal-aware testing of FPGAs (2014)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are designed and fabricated using the most advanced CMOS technology nodes to meet performance and power demands. This makes them susceptible to many manufacturing and reliability challenges. Increasing chip temperature is a major reliability concern since various failure mechanisms are accelerated at high chip temperature, which require thermal-aware testing to detect them. External devices like thermal chambers are usually used to heat up the chip to a desired temperature in order to apply the test. However, there are many limitations for these external devices, which make the thermal-aware testing of the FPGA a challenging process. In this paper, a self-heating approach for thermal-aware testing of FPGAs is presented, in which the internal resources of FPGA are used to build controlled self-heating elements (SHEs). These controlled SHEs are distributed across the FPGA and integrated with the built-in self-test (BIST) scheme to generate the required temperature profile for testing. Thus, no external devices for heating up the FPGA are needed. The experimental results show that a wide range of maximum chip temperatures can be achieved (from 50°C up to 125°C on Virtex-5 FPGA) with a high accuracy (±1°C).
Power consumption reduction in Wireless Sensor Networks through optimal synchronization (2009)

Operational lifetime of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes is crucial in a variety of monitoring applications. As the radio chip is usually the most power-hungry component in small, low-cost WSN devices, battery lifetime can be extended by reducing the duty-cycle of the radio module. In fact, the wireless chip could be switched on just to run the tasks of the considered application, while it could be kept in sleep mode for all the rest of time. Of course, this approach is viable only if the monitoring tasks are scheduled periodically and if the devices are synchronized, namely if they have a common notion of time. Indeed, if nodes were unsynchronized, some of them might wake up when others are still sleeping and some connections could not be established. Since inter-node time synchronization can be maintained within known uncertainty boundaries only by repeatedly adjusting local clocks, synchronization activities can be also scheduled periodically. In this respect, this paper describes an analytical criterion to establish the value of the synchronization period minimizing the average power dissipated by a WSN node. The proposed analysis is validated by means of both simulation and experimental results.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expanding View of Aminoglycoside— Nucleic Acid Recognition (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydrogen on Ni–YSZ Pattern Anodes (2009)

A computational model is developed to represent the coupled behavior of elementary chemistry, electrochemistry, and transport in the vicinity of solid-oxide fuel cell three-phase boundaries. The model is applied to assist the development and evaluation of H_2 charge-transfer reaction mechanisms for Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anodes. Elementary chemistry and surface transport for the Ni and YSZ surfaces are derived from prior literature. Previously published patterned-anode experiments [J. Mizusaki et al., Solid State Ionics, 70/71, 52 (1994)] are used to evaluate alternative electrochemical charge-transfer mechanisms. The results show that a hydrogen-spillover mechanism can explain the Mizusaki polarization measurements over wide ranges of gas-phase composition with both anodic and cathodic biases.
An integrated therapy for anxiety disorders (1997)

Anxiety disorders are best viewed from the biopsychological model in terms of etiology as well as treatment. Leading psychological theories and treatments are reviewed, as well as biological theories and current pharmacotherapies of these disorders. Treatment using these modalities is discussed from several perspectives: the psychotherapist as primary therapist, consulting a pharmacotherapist for medication treatment; the pharmacotherapist as primary therapist, consulting a psychotherapist for addition of psychotherapy; and the solo practitioner, providing both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Case illustrations of each approach are given, and advantages, disadvantages, and pitfalls of each method are explored, concluding that in many cases, whether one or two therapists are involved, the best treatment is likely to be an integration of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reduced-Order multi-modal model of SEI layer growth for management and control of lithium-ion batteries (2017)

Battery-management systems (BMS) seek to maximize battery-pack performance while extending life by optimizing dynamic operational power limits. To do so in a meaningful way, the BMS must have computationally simple yet accurate models of degradation to use in the optimization. As the growth of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on negative-electrode particles in lithium-ion cells is the dominant aging mechanism leading to capacity loss and resistance rise, we propose a reduced-order model of diffusion-or kinetics-limited SEI growth that could be used in an embedded optimization framework. This model approximates a full-order partial-differential-equation (PDE) model in the literature with less than 1 % relative error, at a speedup of more than 19 000 : 1.
Statistical Modelling of Runway Incursions (2016)

Runway incursions continue to be an aviation safety concern. Between 2001 and 2014 there were 15,278 runway incursions at United States airports ranging in size from small general aviation (GA) to large commercial airline hubs. In June 2015, the FAA announced the Runway Incursion Mitigation (RIM) program to identify airport risk factors that might contribute to a runway incursion and develop strategies to help airport stakeholders mitigate those risks. Budget is always a constraint for airport improvements, so it is important to have systematic methods to prioritize resource allocation and identify which technologies to invest in. This paper uses econometrics based modelling techniques to identify statistically significant factors in data provided by the FAA Runway Safety Office – Runway Incursions (RWS). The model identified statistically significant findings between airports categories defined by the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). Overall, the model showed that incursion characteristics differ depending on the category of airport. Only one variable, “number of years since 2001”, was found to be significant for all the three airport categories for severity A incursions. This suggests that the factors that correlate with runway incursions vary depending on the size of the airport and the incursion severity. As a result, the most appropriate countermeasures will vary depending on the category of airport. For example, operational incidents are more likely at large airports. In contrast, at GA/non-hub airports, pilot deviations were significant in severity C and D, perhaps because the pilots who utilize these airports are recreational and business users who might be unfamiliar with the airport layout and their respective hotspots.