gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Oolong Tea Polyphenols on Pancreatic Lipase in Vitro (2005)

Fifty-four polyphenols isolated from tea leaves were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase, the key enzyme of lipid absorption in the gut. (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG), which is one of major polyphenols in green tea, showed lipase inhibition with an IC50 of 0.349 microM. Moreover, flavan-3-ol digallate esters, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3,5-digallate, showed higher activities of inhibition on lipase with an IC50 of 0.098 microM. On the other hand, nonesterified flavan-3-ols, such as (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin, showed zero and/or the lowest activities against pancreatic lipase (IC50 > 20 microM). These data suggested that the presence of galloyl moieties within the structure was required for enhancement of pancreatic lipase inhibition. It is well-known that flavan-3-ols are polymerized by polyphenol oxidase and/or heating in a manufacturing process of oolong tea. Oolonghomobisflavans A and B and oolongtheanin 3'-O-gallate, which are typical in oolong tea leaves, showed strong inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.048, 0.108, and 0.068 microM, respectively, even higher than that of EGCG. The oolong tea polymerized polyphenols (OTPP) were prepared for the assay from oolong tea extract, from which the preparation effectively subtracted the zero and/or less-active monomeric flavan-3-ols by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular-weight (Mn) values of OTPP were 2017 and 903, respectively, by using gel permeation choromatography. OTPP showed a 5-fold stronger inhibition against pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 0.28 microg/mL) by comparison with that of the tannase-treated OTPP (IC50 = 1.38 microg/mL). These data suggested that the presence of galloyl moieties within their chemical structures and/or the polymerization of flavan-3-ols were required for enhancement of pancreatic lipase inhibition.
Palm oil fractionation (2007)

Abstract Modification techniques like fractionation, interesterification (chemical or enzymatic) and hydrogenation allow proposing a large range of new fatty products. At a time when “ trans ” fatty acids are questioned, fractionation of fats and oils catches more and more interest; in this context, dry fractionation is by far the simplest and cheapest fractional crystallization technique (no chemicals, no effluent and no losses). The oil processing industry uses dry fractionation to extend the application of a whole variety of fatty matters as well as to replace, fully or partially, the chemical modifications. Due to the continuous developments of the dry fractionation process, a whole variety of products normally produced by solvent fractionation can now be obtained with a high degree of selectivity with dry fractionation. As the crystallization operates in the bulk, viscosity problems limit the degree of crystallization in one single step, and multi‐step operations are currently used, giving rise to a wide range of fractions suitable for different applications. The secret is to combine proper crystal development with highly efficient separation by using membrane press filters allowing squeezing out the stearin cake for as much liquid occlusion (olein) as possible. The original booming of the dry fractionation process has helped mostly palm oil to conquer a strong position on the commodity market in one single stage; today, palm oil is without doubt the most widely fractionated oil. New demands for special cuts drifted the industry towards a more sophisticated approach: high‐iodine value super and top oleins, palm red fractions (high carotene and tocopherol/tocotrienol contents) or solvent‐free cocoa butter equivalents (palm mid fractions) are certainly what the future has in store.
Framework for Distributed Network Simulation and State Propagation (2010)

In this paper, we focus on the simulation element of a hybrid client-server and authority-driven peer-to-peer MMOG framework currently in development, created in Java and utilising the ns-3 network simulator through a native interface, with some discussion of the overall framework. The framework is intended eventually for use in the development of networked multiplayer games and will aid in respecting bandwidth, fairness and security requirements while reducing the complexity of programming, while facilitating hierarchical state propagation in large-scale game systems. Our simulation component is implemented to facilitate the development of this system by removing the need for network nodes to be represented by real hardware, allowing the developer to actively visualise the system performance in real-time network application, or collect information for applications running in discrete time. For real-time applications we mimic the Java networking API and use existing network frameworks, requiring few modifications to existing Java applications to port them to our system.
Genetic Manipulation of Centromere function (1987)

A conditional centromere was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by placing the centromere of chromosome III immediately downstream from the inducible GAL1 promoter from S. cerevisiae. By utilizing growth conditions that favor either transcriptional induction (galactose-carbon source) or repression (glucose-carbon source) from the GAL1 promoter, centromere function can be switched off or on, respectively. With the conditional centromere we were able to radically alter the mitotic transmission pattern of both monocentric and dicentric plasmids. Moreover, it was possible to selectively induce the loss of a single chromosome from a mitotically dividing population of cells. We observed that the induction of chromosome III aneuploidy resulted in a dramatic change in cell morphology. The construction of a conditional centromere represents a novel way to create conditional mutations of cis-acting DNA elements and will be useful for further analysis of this important stabilizing element.
Similarity Analysis: Comparison of a Standard 60mL With a 50mL Container for MicroCT (2014)

A 50mL container with a one inch outer diameter has been proposed for holding specimen materials scanned at LLNL and Tyndall Air Force Research Laboratory (TAFRL). In order to determine whether or not this new container would significantly affect MicroCT results, a similarity analysis procedure developed at LLNL was used. This procedure compares multiple first and second order statistics obtained from CT reconstructed images generated by the MicroCT analysis process, and prescribes similarity constraints as guidance. For this study, water was scanned on the MicroCT system at LLNL, twice in the standard 60mL container and twice in the proposed 50mL container. Data were analyzed following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for MicroCT analysis. Comparison of analytical results shows that the new container does not satisfy all similarity analysis criteria (certain second order statistics are outside of similarity analysis constraints).
The role of the acute-phase protein α1-antichymotrypsin in brain dysfunction and injury (1992)

The crystal structure of proteolytically modified human ACT has been solved at 2.7-A resolution (Baumann et al., 1991). The final model consists of 374 amino acids, 126 solvent molecules and 5 sugar residues. Asn70 is glycosylated and Asn104 is probably glycosylated. The role of carbohydrates in serpin function may be 3-fold: secretion, removal from circulation and recognition by receptors for complex uptake (Travis et al., 1990). Experiments with recombinant, non-glycosylated ACT have shown that glycosylation has no effect on the association rates of ACT with its target proteases (Rubin et al., 1990). The X-ray diffraction studies also revealed that a certain ACT region is involved in DNA binding, although the physiologic relevance of this binding is still unknown. Using a plethora of techniques, scientists are starting to understand the role of ACT in health and disease. It is 14 years since ACT was first purified (Travis et al., 1978) and 9 years since its gene was cloned (Chandra et al., 1983). We have learned considerably about this protease inhibitor in humans and rodents; in inflammation, cancer and AD; as binding to proteases (irreversibly), to the A beta (irreversibly) and to DNA. However, there are still open avenues for research. These include: finding the proteases that ACT inhibits in brain, identifying the cellular receptors which bind ACT-protease complexes and elucidating the DNA-binding phenomenon. Recently, 4 mutations have been found in APP. The first mutation at position 22 of A beta was detected in HCHWA-D by Levy et al. (1991).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proposal of Implementation of Conductive Polymer Composites as High Temperature Detection Devices for LVSB’s (2013)

Polymeric Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) materials or Conducive Polymer Composites (CPC) display a certain characteristic of change in conductivity with temperature, which is unique to this kind of materials and is not found in any other electrical conductor. This paper recognizes the problem of formation of hotpots in low voltage switchboards and an economical and effective method to prevent this undesirable situation by the use of CPC’s. The tests done on samples and the obtained results bolster the proposition of using these materials as suitable temperature detection devices. A conceptual design of such a device was developed using Pro/E and is described in this paper. Current and future progress regarding the industrial potential of this device is also mentioned.
Diabetes and COVID-19: Risks, Management, and Learnings From Other National Disasters (2020)

Evidence relating to the impact of COVID-19 in people with diabetes (PWD) is limited but continuing to emerge. PWD appear to be at increased risk of more severe COVID-19 infection, though evidence quantifying the risk is highly uncertain. The extent to which clinical and demographic factors moderate this relationship is unclear, though signals are emerging that link higher BMI and higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> to worse outcomes in PWD with COVID-19. As well as posing direct immediate risks to PWD, COVID-19 also risks contributing to worse diabetes outcomes due to disruptions caused by the pandemic, including stress and changes to routine care, diet, and physical activity. Countries have used various strategies to support PWD during this pandemic. There is a high potential for COVID-19 to exacerbate existing health disparities, and research and practice guidelines need to take this into account. Evidence on the management of long-term conditions during national emergencies suggests various ways to mitigate the risks presented by these events.
A METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE BURN PATIENT (1965)

RAPPERPORT, A. S. M.D.; LARSON, D. L. M.D.; HENGES, D. F. B.A.; LYNCH, J. B. M.D.; BLOCKER, T. G. JR., M.D.; LEWIS, R. S. M.D. Author Information
Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review (2023)

Abstract Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral and circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass with focus on pyrolysis products and mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, economy, and life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, and biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification and transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, and the use of supercritical fluids. We examined the economic viability in terms of profitability, internal rate of return, return on investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, and net present value. We also reviewed 20 recent studies of life cycle assessment. We found that the pyrolysis method highly influenced product yield, ranging from 9.07 to 40.59% for oil, from 10.1 to 41.25% for biochar, and from 11.93 to 28.16% for syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, and reaction retention time were the main factors controlling the distribution of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis mechanisms include bond breaking, cracking, polymerization and re-polymerization, and fragmentation. Biochar from residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied to the soil and has thus the potential to remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons of atmospheric carbon dioxide annually. The generation of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis process is estimated to be economically feasible.
Heterodyne electrostatic imaging of polarization due to a surface acoustic wave (2001)

We describe a technique that enables us to obtain a stroboscopic image of surface polarization associated with a surface acoustic wave. The surface polarization has been imaged as it travels across the exposed substrate of a surface acoustic wave filter operating at 434 MHz. The high-frequency polarization signals were recovered using a heterodyne electrostatic force scanning probe microscopy technique.
Nipple Reconstruction with the Biodesign Nipple Reconstruction Cylinder: A Prospective Clinical Study (2016)

The Biodesign NRC offers a safe alternative to nipple reconstruction, resulting in stable projection and a high level of patient satisfaction for 12 months after placement.
Electromigration Study of the Al-Cu/Ti/Al-Cu System (1984)

We have investigated unpassivated Al-Cu(4.5%)/Ti/Al-Cu laminated structures for their electromigration behavior for linewidths between 5 μ and 1.5 μ We find that although line opens are not the dominant failure mode, significant mass accumulation occurs all along the line leading to the real possibility of extrusion induced shorts. In our experiments laminated structures had lifetimes in excess of conventional Al-Cu lines by at least a factor of 10. Cu migration takes place in the early part of the stripe life. Al migration occurs preferentially from the top layer. Furthermore, a decrease of the line resistance, unlike in conventional structures, is observed during current stress. The Ti intermetallic layer does not show any motion.
The complex flagella of gastric (1995)

mechanism of toxin insertion into the cell membrane is different from that of insertion into a receptor- free membrane. An important recent advance in research into DT is the discovery that the high-affinity DT receptor is the heparin-binding epidermal- growth-factor precursor3. This re- ceptor has been shown to associ- ate with another cellular protein, DT-receptor-associated protein (DRAP27 or CD9), the presence of which drastically increases the num- ber of binding sites for DT (Refs 4,.5). These novel findings suggest that the translocation of the DT A fragment might involve a whole complex of proteins. We have made mutations in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic parts of the recep- tor. Cells transfected with mutant receptors bind DT and are intoxi- cated, but show no detectable toxin- induced 22Na influx (M. Lanzrein et
cropCSM: designing safe and potent herbicides with graph-based signatures (2022)

Herbicides have revolutionised weed management, increased crop yields and improved profitability allowing for an increase in worldwide food security. Their widespread use, however, has also led to a rise in resistance and concerns about their environmental impact. Despite the need for potent and safe herbicidal molecules, no herbicide with a new mode of action has reached the market in 30 years. Although development of computational approaches has proven invaluable to guide rational drug discovery pipelines, leading to higher hit rates and lower attrition due to poor toxicity, little has been done in contrast for herbicide design. To fill this gap, we have developed cropCSM, a computational platform to help identify new, potent, nontoxic and environmentally safe herbicides. By using a knowledge-based approach, we identified physicochemical properties and substructures enriched in safe herbicides. By representing the small molecules as a graph, we leveraged these insights to guide the development of predictive models trained and tested on the largest collected data set of molecules with experimentally characterised herbicidal profiles to date (over 4500 compounds). In addition, we developed six new environmental and human toxicity predictors, spanning five different species to assist in molecule prioritisation. cropCSM was able to correctly identify 97% of herbicides currently available commercially, while predicting toxicity profiles with accuracies of up to 92%. We believe cropCSM will be an essential tool for the enrichment of screening libraries and to guide the development of potent and safe herbicides. We have made the method freely available through a user-friendly webserver at http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/crop_csm.
First-Line Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Metastatic Pd-L1-Positive Nsclc: creal-World Analysis of Time on Treatment (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> To determine real-world time on treatment (rwToT) with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%. <b>Methods:</b> The Kaplan-Meier rwToT was estimated from electronic health record data for adults who initiated first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy for stage IV, PD-L1 TPS ≥50% NSCLC, with negative/unknown <i>EGFR/ALK</i> aberrations, and ≥6 months' follow-up until database cutoff. <b>Results:</b> A total of 386 patients with ECOG 0-1 had a median rwToT of 6.9 months (95% CI: 5.6-8.3) and 12-month on-treatment rate of 36.4% (31.2-41.6) versus 40.3% (32.5-47.9) and 37.6% (31.9-43.4) in KEYNOTE-024 (KN024) and KN042 (stage IV/TPS ≥50% subpopulation), respectively. The 24-month restricted-mean rwTOT (extrapolated) was 10.5 months (9.4-11.7), versus 11.0 (9.5-12.5) and 10.4 (9.3-11.5) in KN024 and KN042, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> First-line pembrolizumab monotherapy rwToT in metastatic PD-L1 TPS ≥50% NSCLC for trial-matched patients is similar to treatment duration in KN024 and KN042.
Low-frequency response of pyroelectric sensors (1998)

Sensitivity of pyroelectric IR-detectors of slow thermal processes, especially of human body sensors, depends strongly on their response in the infra-low (/spl sim/0.1 to 1 Hz) region of frequency spectrum. The main mechanisms of heat losses-heat conduction of environment, lateral heat conduction in the plane of sensitive element, and emission of radiation-are considered. Their influence on the low-frequency response of pyroelectric sensors is estimated. Exact solutions and simple expressions for quantitative description of main specific features of real systems are obtained. Criteria of validity of the adequate models are determined.
Power management control in DC-electrified railways for the regenerative braking systems of electric trains (2010)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Selective growth of Fe3O4andγ-Fe2O3films with reactive magnetron sputtering (2013)

A selective method for growing high-quality spinel-type epitaxial Fe3O4(0 0 1) or γ-Fe2O3(0 0 1) films was developed using conventional planar-type sputtering by controlling the flow rate of oxygen gas . Although magnetization of the oxide films is close to that of Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3 for all , the room-temperature resistivity and the Fe3+ and Fe2.5+ composition ratios of the films are dependent on . The films for and are identified as Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 films, respectively. All the results suggest that Fe3O4 films are obtained only when sputtered in the metal mode, and γ-Fe2O3 films are obtained in the oxide mode.
Phase shifter calibration in phase-shifting interferometry (1985)

This paper describes some practical methods to calibrate the phase shifter in phase-shifting interferometry (PSI). The phase shifter used in the experiment is a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) that has a nonlinearity of &lt;1%. Using the quantitative method described in this paper, the repeatability in the measurement of the phase-shifting angle is ~0.046° rms, and the 3σ value is 0.139°. A calibration-insensitive phase calculation algorithm is discussed and compared with other synchronous detection equations (e.g., the three-bucket or the four-bucket method). Experimental results verify the calibration-insensitive mechanism of the self-calibrating algorithm.
Footprinting analysis of mammalian RNA polymerase II along its transcript: an alternative view of transcription elongation. (1991)

Ternary complexes of RNA polymerase II, bearing the nascent RNA transcript, are intermediates in the synthesis of all eukaryotic mRNAs and are implicated as regulatory targets of factors that control RNA chain elongation and termination. Information as to the structure of such complexes is essential in understanding the catalytic and regulatory properties of the RNA polymerase. We have prepared complexes of purified RNA polymerase II halted at defined positions along a DNA template and used RNase footprinting to map interactions of the polymerase with the nascent RNA. Unexpectedly, the transcript is sensitive to cleavage by RNases A and T1 at positions as close as 3 nucleotides from the 3'-terminal growing point. Ternary complexes in which the transcript has been cleaved to give a short fragment can retain that fragment and remain active and able to continue elongation. Since DNA.RNA hybrid structures are completely resistant to cleavage under our reaction conditions, the results suggest that any DNA.RNA hybrid intermediate can extend for no more than 3 base pairs, in dramatic contrast to recent models for transcription elongation. At lower RNase concentrations, the transcript is protected from cleavage out to about 24 nucleotides from the 3' terminus. We interpret this partial protection as due to the presence of an RNA binding site on the polymerase that binds the nascent transcript during elongation, a model proposed earlier by several workers in preference to the hybrid model. The properties of this RNA binding site are likely to play a central role in the process of transcription elongation and termination and in their regulation.
Highly reliable, 65 nm-node Cu dual damascene interconnects with full porous-SiOCH (k=2.5) films for low-power ASICs (2004)

Fully-scaled-down, 65nm-node Cu dual damascene interconnects (DDIs) with 180nm/200nm-pitched lines and 100nm/sup /spl phi//-vias have been developed in full porous-SiOCH films (k=2.5). Two new techniques are introduced such as (1) a low thermal-budget process for securing the DDI via-yield without the Cu agglomeration, and (2) a "DD pore seal" covering all the side walls of the line-trenches and the vias for improving the dielectric reliability. The full porous-SiOCH DDI with the thin Ta/TaN barrier improves the overall RC product by 24% against the porous-on-rigid, hybrid single damascene interconnects (SDIs). The cost-effective, DDIs with k/sub eff/ /spl sim/3.0 is applicable especially for the 65nm-node, low-power ASICs.