gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Modulated Structures in SiC‐AlN Ceramics. (1987)

Abstract On heating at ≤ 1900 °C for up to 320 h SiC‐AlN solid solutions of the 2H crystal type containing 50 and 75 mol% AlN, prepared by hot‐pressing SiC/AlN powder mixtures, decompose into modulated structures.
Persistent Inflammation Induces Desensitization of the Presynaptic Cannabinoid 1 Receptor in the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray (2022)

The cannabinoid system is highly plastic and sensitive to environmental perturbations, often leading to downregulation of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R). Here, we investigate adaptations in CB1R regulation after persistent inflammation using patch clamp electrophysiology and radioligand binding. Under basal conditions, activation of the presynaptic CB1R with the cannabinoid receptor agonists WIN‐55,212‐2 or CP‐55,940 suppress GABA release. This suppression is reversed by the CB1R‐selective antagonists SR141716A (rimonabant) or AM251. After 5‐7 days of inflammation induced by intraplantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA), CB1R function is significantly reduced. Interestingly, radioligand binding assays indicate that the receptor binding is not different between naïve and CFA‐treated animals. Our data indicate that in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, persistent inflammation causes desensitization, as opposed to downregulation, of the CB1R in both male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Further, we find that persistent inflammation increases endocannabinoid levels, potentially leading to prolonged activation of the CB1R and desensitization. These data highlight an important regulatory mechanism for the CB1R in response to persistent inflammation.
Author response: Sphingosine 1-phosphate-regulated transcriptomes in heterogenous arterial and lymphatic endothelium of the aorta (2019)

The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) signals in heterogenous populations of mouse adventitial lymphatic (LEC) and arterial endothelial cells (aEC1, aEC2) to regulate chromatin and the transcriptome, thus affecting their phenotypes.
Stereospecific mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. Comparison with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (1988)

The stereo specificity of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] to mobilize Ca2+ from an intracellular store has been examined in permeabilized rat pituitary-tumour GH3 and Swiss 3T3 cells. A comparison of D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 with the synthetic enantiomer L-Ins(1,4,5)P3 and the racemate DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3 clearly demonstrates the marked stereospecificity of the response. Whereas D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 released 30-50% of non-mitochondrially-bound Ca2+ with a EC50 (concentration producing 50% of maximal response) of 200 nM, the L isomer was both substantially less potent and efficacious. A high concentration of the L isomer (10 microM) did not significantly shift the dose-response curve for the D isomer in Swiss 3T3 cells, suggesting that the less active isomer is probably a very weak agonist. Other studies revealed, in contrast with previous work, that the other naturally occurring isomer, D-Ins(1,3,4)P3, was essentially inactive in releasing Ca+, whereas a novel 5-phosphatase-resistant analogue, DL-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate, was a relatively potent full agonist in GH3 cells. These data reveal, for the first time, the stereoselectivity of the intracellular receptor associated with Ca2+ release. They also provide evidence for the activity of the novel phosphorothioate analogue of Ins(1,4,5)P3, but suggest that D-Ins(1,3,4)P3 is not involved in cellular Ca2+ mobilization.
Toxicity of Amoxicillin and Erythromycin to Fish and Mosquito (2015)

This study characterized the toxicity of Amoxicillin (AM), Erythromycin (ER) and Endosulfan (EN) to fish and mosquito larvae obtained from a certified fish farm and from Wadi Gaza. The acute toxicity tests were determined by calculating mortality percentage of fish and mosquitoes through a gradient concentration of the tested compounds. Mortality percentage, exposure time, LC50 and LT50 were taken as indicators of toxicity. The results showed that AM was the potent compound against fish with LC50 value lower that EN. Toxicity to fish is in the following order: AM &gt; EN &gt; ER whereas the toxicity to mosquitoes is in the following order: ER &gt; EN &gt; AM. Fish are more sensitive to AM than mosquitoes whereas mosquitoes are more sensitive to ER than fish. The interesting outcome of the study is the calculated LC50 values are far below the concentration found in different water systems. Mixture toxicity of the tested antibiotics indicates antagonistic effect on both fish and mosquitoes.
Effective characterization of polymer residues on two-dimensional materials by Raman spectroscopy (2015)

Large-area two-dimensional (2D) materials grown by chemical vapor deposition need to be transferred onto a target substrate for real applications. Poly(methyl methacrylate) as a supporting layer is widely used during the transfer process and removed after finishing it. However, it is a challenge to diminish the polymer layer completely. It is necessary to readily characterize the polymer residues on 2D materials to facilitate the removal process. Here, we report a method that characterizes the polymer residues on 2D materials by tracking the presence of G-band of amorphous carbons (a-Cs) in the Raman spectrum after forming carbonized a-Cs through thermal annealing. The (13)C-graphene is employed to separate the Raman signal G-band between (12)C-a-Cs and (13)C-graphene in the Raman spectrum. The residence of the polymer residues is clearly confirmed by the different Raman signals of two different isotopes ((12)C and (13)C) due to differences in mass. Our effective method recognizes that while the polymer residue is not easily removed on graphene, those on hexagonal boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide are almost diminished under optimum thermal annealing conditions. Our method will not only contribute to the development of a new transfer process, but also help to achieve a clean surface of 2D materials.
Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Targets dNTP Metabolism to Regulate DNA Replication (2002)

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, RB, is a negative regulator of the cell cycle that is inactivated in the majority of human tumors. Cell cycle inhibition elicited by RB has been attributed to the attenuation of CDK2 activity. Although ectopic cyclins partially overcome RB-mediated S-phase arrest at the replication fork, DNA replication remains inhibited and cells fail to progress to G(2) phase. These data suggest that RB regulates an additional execution point in S phase. We observed that constitutively active RB attenuates the expression of specific dNTP synthetic enzymes: dihydrofolate reductase, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits R1/R2, and thymidylate synthase (TS). Activation of endogenous RB and related proteins by p16ink4a yielded similar effects on enzyme expression. Conversely, targeted disruption of RB resulted in increased metabolic protein levels (dihydrofolate reductase, TS, RNR-R2) and conferred resistance to the effect of TS or RNR inhibitors that diminish available dNTPs. Analysis of dNTP pools during RB-mediated cell cycle arrest revealed significant depletion, concurrent with the loss of TS and RNR protein. Importantly, the effect of active RB on cell cycle position and available dNTPs was comparable to that observed with specific antimetabolites. Together, these results show that RB-mediated transcriptional repression attenuates available dNTP pools to control S-phase progression. Thus, RB employs both canonical cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin regulation and metabolic regulation as a means to limit proliferation, underscoring its potency in tumor suppression.
A new polymorph ofcis–transoid–cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (2002)

A new orthorhombic polymorphic modification of the title compound (alternative name: cis-transoid-cis-2,5,8,15,18,21-hexaoxatricyclo[20.4.0.0(9,14)]hexacosane), C(20)H(36)O(6), has been found and is compared with the previously known monoclinic modification. In the structures of the two polymorphs, the crown-ether molecules are centrosymmetric and reveal essentially the same molecular shape but different packing motifs.
Influence of medical school curriculum on primary care specialty choice (1995)

There is a growing consensus that the proportion of primary care physicians in the United States is inadequate to meet health care needs. Many graduating medical students continue to choose to subspecialize. The literature on curriculum and specialty choice is fraught with confounders and a lack of randomized trials, and recommendations for strategies to increase the production of generalists have not been based on clear evidence that the interventions will be effective, thus making it difficult for medical schools to react responsibly to these recommendations. To assist educators and policymakers in their efforts to produce more generalists, the author critically reviewed the literature on curriculum and primary care specialty choice from 1982 through April 1993. A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Educational Resources Information Center, and PsychInfo databases. Of more than 150 studies found in the search, 31 were determined to be relevant and to meet inclusion criteria. The results confirm that the determinants of specialty choice are multifactorial and that there are many weaknesses in the published literature, making interpretation difficult. Important trends did emerge, however, providing direction for intervention and recommendations for further investigation. The evidence suggests that three types of curricular experiences may increase interest in primary care: third-year required family medicine clerkships (especially those that are six, rather than four, weeks long), continuity experiences in primary care settings, and, most promising of all, primary care tracks.
Hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere-supported FePt nanoparticles for potential theranostic applications (2017)

A facile preparation of a nanocomposite comprising FePt nanoparticles (NPs) and hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSNs) was reported. The bimetallic NPs had an alloy structure with Pt-rich cores and were highly dispersed on the mesoporous shell of HMSNs. The material, designated as FePt@MMT-2, could be gradually degraded and dissolved under physiological conditions and showed low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. FePt@MMT-2 exhibited ferromagnetic-like properties and broadband near-infrared (NIR) absorption along with high photothermal transduction efficiency. In addition, in vitro studies showed high efficacy of FePt@MMT-2 in killing HeLa cells with 1064 nm NIR irradiation, and synergistic anticancer effects when combined with chemo drug topotecan. The results demonstrated the potential of the designed nanocomposite for theranostic applications.
Interactions of Quinclorac with a Bioherbicidal Strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (2011)

The fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) (IMI Accession No. 3601690) (MV), is being developed as a bioherbicide for kudzu [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi] and other invasive weeds. Spore and mycelial formulations of MV exhibit relatively rapid bioherbicidal activity when applied to the foliage of these weeds, and that application of MV with the herbicide glyphosate [N(phosphonomethyl)glycine] can exhibit synergistic herbicidal interactions in certain instances. Several synthetic auxin-type herbicides are labeled for use to control kudzu. The auxin-type herbicide quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid) is not labeled for kudzu control, but is effective on hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rybd. Ex. Hill]. In bioassays of hemp sesbania and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) seedlings and in greenhouse tests using kudzu plants, sub-lethal concentrations of both MV and quinclorac (high purity, technical grade) applied to plant tissues caused some additive and/or synergistic effects on the reduction of growth and chlorophyll accumulation. These important findings under controlled conditions provide the basis for further characterization of MV and quinclorac interactions on weeds under field conditions. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RFC 8930: On Forwarding 6LoWPAN Fragments over a Multi-Hop IPv6 Network (2020)

Il s'agit d'un standard IETF.
Awareness of familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australian primary care: A qualitative descriptive study (2021)

This research reflected a lack of knowledge, awareness and use of guidelines similar to that shown in other published studies. Improved primary care infrastructure, knowledge and awareness of FH need to be addressed.
Genetic Characterization of the Belgian Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus (NIBV) Reference Strain B1648 (2015)

The virulent nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) strain B1648 was first isolated in 1984, in Flanders, Belgium. Despite intensive vaccination, B1648 and its variants are still circulating in Europe and North Africa. Here, the full-length genome of this Belgian NIBV reference strain was determined by next generation sequencing (NGS) to understand its evolutionary relationship with other IBV strains, and to identify possible genetic factors that may be associated with the nephropathogenicity. Thirteen open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in the B1648 strain (51UTR-1a-1b-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-6b-31UTR). ORFs 4b, 4c and 6b, which have been rarely reported in literature, were present in B1648 and most of the other IBV complete genomes. According to phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome, replicase transcriptase complex, spike protein, partial S1 gene and M protein, B1648 strain clustered with the non-Massachusetts type strains NGA/A116E7/2006, UKr 27-11, QX-like ITA/90254/2005, QX-like CK/SWE/0658946/10, TN20/00, RF-27/99, RF/06/2007 and SLO/266/05. Based on the partial S1 fragment, B1648 clustered with the strains TN20/00, RF-27/99, RF/06/2007 and SLO/266/05 and, further designated as B1648 genotype. The full-length genome of B1648 shared the highest sequence homology with UKr 27-11, Gray, JMK, and NGA/A116E7/2006 (91.2% to 91.6%) and was least related with the reference Beaudette and Massachusetts strains (89.7%). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses indicated that B1648 strain may have played an important role in the evolution of IBV in Europe and North Africa. Further, the nephropathogenicity determinants might be located on the 1a, spike, M and accessory proteins (3a, 3b, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b and 6b). Overall, strain B1648 is distinct from all the strains reported so far in Europe and other parts of the world.
A novel Sub-Nyquist sampling of sparse wideband signals (2013)

We propose a Sub-Nyquist sampling scheme using only one mixer, one filter bank with M subfilters and M low rate ADCs. Compared to the MWC (Modulated Wideband Converter) system in [1], the proposed sampling system has several complexity advantages. First, due to the use of only one mixer, the hardware complexity for analog circuits is significantly reduced. Moreover, the system only needs one PN sequence and thus the search complexity for the best sequence is greatly reduced. The use of the best sequence enables the proposed system to achieve a smaller mean square error (MSE) between the original and the reconstructed signals than that of the MWC system. Simulation results are provided to show the performance superiority of the proposed system in terms of MSE and recovery percentage.
Network Identification and Authentication (2019)

Research on networks is commonly performed using anonymized network data for various reasons such as protecting data privacy. Under such circumstances, it is difficult to verify the source of network data, which leads to questions such as: Given an anonymized graph, can we identify the network from which it is collected? Or if one claims the graph is sampled from a certain network, can we verify it? The intuitive approach is to check for subgraph isomorphism. However, subgraph isomorphism is NP-complete; hence, infeasible for most large networks. Inspired by biometrics studies, we address these challenges by formulating two new problems: network identification and network authentication. To tackle these problems, similar to research on human fingerprints, we introduce two versions of a network identity: (1) embedding-based identity and (2) distribution-based identity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these network identities on various real-world networks. Using these identities, we propose two approaches for network identification. One method uses supervised learning and can achieve an identification accuracy rate of 94.7%, and the other, which is easier to implement, relies on distances between identities and achieves an accuracy rate of 85.5%. For network authentication, we propose two methods to build a network authentication system. The first is a supervised learner and provides a low false accept rate and the other method allows one to control the false reject rate with a reasonable false accept rate across networks. Our study can help identify or verify the source of network data, validate network-based research, and be used for network-based biometrics.
Experimental study of ELF signatures developed by ballistic missile launch (1993)

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Livermore, CA) and SARA, Inc. participated in the ATMD missile launch activities that occurred at WSMR during January 1993. These tests involved the launch of Lance missiles with a subsequent direction of F-15Es into the launch area for subsequent detection and simulated destruction of redeployed missile launchers, LLNL and SARA deployed SARN`s ELF sensors and various data acquisition systems for monitoring of basic phenomena. On 25 January 1993, a single missile launch allowed initial measurements of the phenomena and an assessment of appropriate sensor sensitivity settings as well as the appropriateness of the sensor deployment sites (e.g., with respect to man-made ELF sources such as power distributions and communication lines). On 27 January 1993, a measurement of a double launch of Lance missiles was performed. This technical report covers the results of the analysis of latter measurements. An attempt was made to measure low frequency electromagnetic signatures that may be produced during a missile launch. Hypothetical signature production mechanisms include: (1) Perturbations of the earth geo-potential during the launch of the missile. This signature may arise from the interaction of the ambient electric field with the conducting body of the missile as well as the partially ionized exhaust plume. (2) Production of spatial, charge sources from triboelectric-like mechanisms. Such effects may occur during the initial interaction of the missile plume with the ground material and lead to an initial {open_quotes}spike{close_quotes} output, Additionally, there may exist charge transfer mechanisms produced during the exhausting of the burnt fuel oxidizer.
Preferential Adsorption in the Lubrication Process of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (1973)

Paper chromatography has been used in combination with neutron activation analysis to analyze the polar lubricity additive zinc dihexyldithiophosphate. This additive is shown to contain small but significant quantities of both phosphorous and zinc-containing polar impurities. Results of lubricity tests suggest that these polar impurities are adsorbed preferentially on a metal surface and therefore are available for the lubrication reaction in preference to the zinc dihexyldithiophosphate molecule itself. An acid phosphate-type compound is believed to be the active polar impurity controlling the wear behavior of zinc dihexyldithiophosphate. A chemical lubrication mechanism for zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is proposed. This lubrication mechanism involves the formation of a metal phosphate surface film. The agreement between this mechanism and lubrication data presented by previous investigators is discussed.
Imaging of Periosteal Osteosarcoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Comparison (2004)

The radiologic appearance of periosteal osteosarcoma is a broad-based surface soft-tissue mass causing extrinsic erosion of thickened underlying diaphyseal cortex and perpendicular periosteal reaction extending into the soft-tissue component. Reactive marrow changes are commonly seen at MR imaging, but true marrow invasion is rare.
Watershed Merging: A Simple and Effective Algorithm for Channel Network Identification and Extraction (2020)

Abstract Channel network identification is an important practice in not only hydrologic analysis but also hydraulic computation. In this paper, a new algorithm, watershed merging, is proposed to automatically identify and extract channel networks. In the water‐merging algorithm, based on the fact that the sink cell of a dendritic watershed is either a depression cell or a flat cell, a macroscale approach is proposed to treat the depression and flat areas (DAFA) and determine the flow direction within those areas, where the conventional D8 slope calculation fails. The separated neighboring watersheds are merged together using information of neighboring watersheds instead of the D8 cells. This progressive merging process starts from small neighboring watershed to larger ones. The example and applications demonstrated that the proposed watershed‐merging algorithm is effective in resolving the DAFA problems and identifying channel networks.
Suppression of Ethyl Migration in the Synthesis of 2,5-Anhydro-1-Amino-1,4-Dideoxy-3-Thio-D-Threo-Pentitol Hydrochloride, A Key Intermediate for Oral the 1β-Methylcarbapenems (2000)

Abstract A reproducible synthesis of 2,5-anhydro-1-amino-1,4-dideoxy-3-thio-D-threo-pentitol hydrochloride (2b) via the Staudinger reaction with triethyl phosphite was developed. An unexpected ethyl migration from an oxygen to the nitrogen of iminophosphorane 7 was observed.
Lipid-rich enteral nutrition regulates mucosal mast cell activation via the vagal anti-inflammatory reflex (2013)

Nutritional stimulation of the cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1R) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated vagal reflex was shown to reduce inflammation and preserve intestinal integrity. Mast cells are important early effectors of the innate immune response; therefore modulation of mucosal mast cells is a potential therapeutic target to control the acute inflammatory response in the intestine. The present study investigates intestinal mast cell responsiveness upon nutritional activation of the vagal anti-inflammatory reflex during acute inflammation. Mucosal mast cell degranulation was induced in C57/Bl6 mice by administration of Salmonella enterica LPS. Lipid-rich enteral feeding prior to LPS significantly decreased circulatory levels of mouse mast cell protease at 30 min post-LPS compared with isocaloric low-lipid nutrition or fasting. CCK-1R blockage reversed the inhibitory effects of lipid-rich feeding, whereas stimulation of the peripheral CCK-1R mimicked nutritional mast cell inhibition. The effects of lipid-rich nutrition were negated by nAChR blockers chlorisondamine and α-bungarotoxin and vagal intestinal denervation. Accordingly, release of β-hexosaminidase by MC/9 mast cells following LPS or IgE-ovalbumin complexes was dose dependently inhibited by acetylcholine and nicotine. Application of GSK1345038A, a specific agonist of the nAChR α7, in bone marrow-derived mast cells from nAChR β2-/- and wild types indicated that cholinergic inhibition of mast cells is mediated by the nAChR α7 and is independent of the nAChR β2. Together, the present study reveals mucosal mast cells as a previously unknown target of the nutritional anti-inflammatory vagal reflex.