gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leaf Development in the Single-Cell C4 System in Bienertia sinuspersici: Expression of Genes and Peptide Levels for C4 Metabolism in Relation to Chlorenchyma Structure under Different Light Conditions (2008)

Bienertia sinuspersici performs C(4) photosynthesis in individual chlorenchyma cells by the development of two cytoplasmic domains (peripheral and central) with dimorphic chloroplasts, an arrangement that spatially separates the fixation of atmospheric CO(2) into C(4) acids and the donation of CO(2) from C(4) acids to Rubisco in the C(3) cycle. In association with the formation of these cytoplasmic domains during leaf maturation, developmental stages were analyzed for the expression of a number of photosynthetic genes, including Rubisco small and large subunits and key enzymes of the C(4) cycle. Early in development, Rubisco subunits and Gly decarboxylase and Ser hydroxymethyltransferase of the glycolate pathway accumulated more rapidly than enzymes associated with the C(4) cycle. The levels of pyruvate,Pi dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase were especially low until spatial cytoplasmic domains developed and leaves reached maturity, indicating a developmental transition toward C(4) photosynthesis. In most cases, there was a correlation between the accumulation of mRNA transcripts and the respective peptides, indicating at least partial control of the development of photosynthesis at the transcriptional level. During growth under moderate light, when branches containing mature leaves were enclosed in darkness for 1 month, spatial domains were maintained and there was high retention of a number of photosynthetic peptides, including Rubisco subunits and pyruvate,Pi dikinase, despite a reduction in transcript levels. When plants were transferred from moderate to low light conditions for 1 month, there was a striking shift of the central cytoplasmic compartment toward the periphery of chlorenchyma cells; the mature leaves showed strong acclimation with a shade-type photosynthetic response to light while retaining C(4) features indicative of low photorespiration. These results indicate a progressive development of C(4) photosynthesis with differences in the control mechanisms for the expression of photosynthetic genes and peptide synthesis during leaf maturation and in response to light conditions.
Single and Multiple Electron Loss Processes in MeV Heavy Ion-Target Collisions (1981)

Experimental data, derived from the study of interactions between MeV heavy ions and gaseous targets, are presented which illustrate important physical aspects such as the dependence of cross sections on projectile velocity, and projectile and target atomic numbers. Included are data which reflect the importance of the electron binding energy, the existence of shell effects, the possibility of target polarizability, and the presence of non-additivity and density effects in electron loss processes. Charge state yield versus scattering angle, a prescription for relating total single electron loss cross section per atom atomic and molecular target data and formulas which predict electron loss cross sections with reasonable accuracy are also given.
Ion Beam as a Noble Tool to Induce Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Roots of Maize (Zea mays L.). (2000)

Maize seedlings were irradiated with 20Ne8+ generated by the AVF cyclotron. The growth suppression at the different dosages of ion beam was observed in both root and coleoptile. DNA laddering was also observed at the dosage over 100Gy. In addition, abnormal morphological changes including chromatin condensation, typical of apoptosis in animal cells, were noted by light and electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the ion beam can serve as an effective tool to induce apoptosis-like cell death in plant cells.
Foam Pore Size Is a Critical Interface Parameter of Suction-Based Wound Healing Devices (2011)

The pore size of the interface material of suction devices has a significant impact on the wound healing response. Larger pores increased wound surface strain, tissue growth, and transformation of contractile cells. Modification of the pore size is a powerful approach for meeting biological needs of specific wounds.
Conjugate Michael-additions with mixed diorganozincs (1997)

P. Jones and P. Knochel, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, 3117 DOI: 10.1039/A706637F
HW/SW Architecture Exploration for an Efficient Implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256 (2021)

Hash functions are used in the majority of security protocol to guarantee the integrity and the authenticity. Among the most important hash functions is the SHA-2 family, which offers higher security and solved the insecurity problems of other popular algorithms as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-0. However, theses security algorithms are characterized by a certain amount of complex computations and consume a lot of energy. In order to reduce the power consumption as required in the majority of embedded applications, a solution consists to exploit a critical part on accelerator (hardware). In this paper, we propose a hardware/software exploration for the implementation of SHA256 algorithm. For hardware design, two principal design methods are proceeded: Low level synthesis (LLS) and high level synthesis (HLS). The exploration allows the evaluation of performances in term of area, throughput and power consumption. The synthesis results under Zynq 7000 based-FPGA reflect a significant improvement of about 80% and 15% respectively in FPGA resources and throughput for the LLS hardware design compared to HLS solution. For better efficiency, hardware IPs are deduced and implemented within HW/SW system on chip. The experiments are performed using Xilinx ZC 702-based platform. The HW/SW LLS design records a gain of 10% to 25% in term of execution time and 73% in term of power consumption.
A Preference-Based Robust Design Metric (1998)

Abstract Robust optimal design can be studied as a problem in decision-making requiring tradeoffs between mean and variance attributes. In this context, this paper views Taguchi’s philosophy based design metrics using signal-to-noise (SN) ratios as empirical applications of decision-making under uncertainty with a priori sets of attribute tradeoff values. Alternatively, this paper presents a more rigorous preference-based design metric using concepts from utility theory to accurately capture designer’s intent and preferences. The use of this design metric as the robust optimal design criterion in a modified TRED (Tradeoffs in Robust Engineering Design) method with an innovative response-surface based iterative design space reduction strategy is presented. The effectiveness of the overall design procedure and the performance of the preference-based design metric are tested with the aid of demonstrative case studies and the results are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Benzyl Indium Reagents with Aryl Iodides (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>New developments in optical grating technology for machine vision and industrial sensors</title> (1997)

We present a number of applications of optical grating technology for use in machine vision and industrial inspection and measurement applications. The gratings are based on an array of prisms that are both very easy and very cheap to produce. Currently optical gratings are used in industry in temporal/spatial correlation systems using non-coherent white- light illumination. Such systems require either the displacement of the object or the displacement of the grating in order to achieve the time signals required for evaluation. New developments in grating manufacturing techniques and electronic signal processing now enable us to electronically simulate and generate the signals required eliminating the requirement for grating or object motion. We also present a range sensor based on a split pupil methodology upon which we are developing a multiple-channel range sensor. We also highlight some of the work we are presently pursuing in multiple-layer gratings. We are investigating the Talbot and Lau self-imaging effects with hopes of using the results to preprocess images. We have also calculated the effect of multiple Bragg planes recorded into holographic materials, which can be used to produce local image transformations. Also summarized is some of the work based on an inverted retina model of the eye which uses multi-layer gratings placed before the photoreceptors to general trichromatic separation of light and explain a number of physiological effects of vision.
Generalised spatial modulation with multiple active transmit antennas (2010)

We propose a new generalised spatial modulation (GSM) technique, which can be considered as a generalisation of the recently proposed spatial modulation (SM) technique. SM can be seen as a special case of GSM with only one active transmit antenna. In contrast to SM, GSM uses the indices of multiple transmit antennas to map information bits, and is thus able to achieve substantially increased spectral efficiency. Furthermore, selecting multiple active transmit antennas enables GSM to harvest significant transmit diversity gains in comparison to SM, because all the active antennas transmit the same information. On the other hand, inter-channel interference (ICI) is completely avoided by transmitting the same symbols through these active antennas. We present theoretical analysis using order statistics for the symbol error rate (SER) performance of GSM. The analytical results are in close agreement with our simulation results. The bit error rate performance of GSM and SM is simulated and compared, which demonstrates the superiority of GSM. Moreover, GSM systems with configurations of different transmit and receive antennas are studied. Our results suggest that using a less number of transmit antennas with a higher modulation order will lead to better BER performance.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of Tl2CaBa2Cu2Oy superconducting thin films on sapphire (1989)

Superconducting Tl2CaBa2Cu2Oy thin films have been successfully grown on the single-crystal sapphire (11̄02) substrate by using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The growth rate of the films was about 5 μm/h. The as-deposited film was post-annealed in a partially sealed ceramic crucible in the presence of a Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3Oy pellet to achieve the superconducting phase. The x-ray data show strong diffraction from the Tl2CaBa2Cu2Oy superconducting phase in addition to the trace amounts of Ca2CuO3 and BaCO3. Superconducting transition temperatures with onset above 100 K and zero resistance at 94 K can be obtained by further heat treatment at 500 °C in oxygen.
Mouse chimeras composed of trisomy 16 and normal (2n) cells: Preliminary studies (1986)

Many humans with trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome (DS)) have psychomotor and cognitive retardation, congenital heart disease, and hematologic abnormalities. Partial genetic homology exists between mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 21; thus, studies of the development of mice with trisomy 16 (Ts16) may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of these defects and into the mechanisms by which they arise in humans. Since Ts16 mice do not survive the late fetal period, chimeras have been formed between Ts16 and normal (2N) mouse embryos to rescue the Ts16 cells for postnatal studies. In this preliminary study of the postnatal development of such chimeras, we examined the proportion of Ts16 cells in a variety of tissues, including the coat, blood, placenta, heart, and brain. The Ts16 cells made significant contributions to almost all tissues examined. Aspects of the behavior and the neurochemistry of adult Ts16 less than-greater than 2N chimeras were found to differ significantly from control (2N less than-greater than 2N) chimeras and from animals of the two donor embryo strains. Ts16 cells comprised a substantial, but not predominant, proportion of cells in each brain region examined. Suggestions for definitive analyses are reviewed.
An In Vitro Enzyme System for the Production of myo -Inositol from Starch (2017)

We developed an <i>in vitro</i> enzyme system to produce <i>myo</i>-inositol from starch. Four enzymes were used, maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), <i>myo</i>-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS), and inositol monophosphatase (IMPase). The enzymes were thermostable: MalP and PGM from the hyperthermophilic archaeon <i>Thermococcus kodakarensis</i>, MIPS from the hyperthermophilic archaeon <i>Archaeoglobus fulgidus</i>, and IMPase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> The enzymes were individually produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and partially purified by subjecting cell extracts to heat treatment and removing denatured proteins. The four enzyme samples were incubated at 90°C with amylose, phosphate, and NAD<sup>+</sup>, resulting in the production of <i>myo</i>-inositol with a yield of over 90% at 2 h. The effects of varying the concentrations of reaction components were examined. When the system volume was increased and NAD<sup>+</sup> was added every 2 h, we observed the production of 2.9 g <i>myo</i>-inositol from 2.9 g amylose after 7 h, achieving gram-scale production with a molar conversion of approximately 96%. We further integrated the pullulanase from <i>T. maritima</i> into the system and observed <i>myo</i>-inositol production from soluble starch and raw potato with yields of 73% and 57 to 61%, respectively.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>myo</i>-Inositol is an important nutrient for human health and provides a wide variety of benefits as a dietary supplement. This study demonstrates an alternative method to produce <i>myo</i>-inositol from starch with an <i>in vitro</i> enzyme system using thermostable maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), <i>myo</i>-inositol-3-phosphate synthase, and <i>myo</i>-inositol monophosphatase. By utilizing MalP and PGM to generate glucose 6-phosphate, we can avoid the addition of phosphate donors such as ATP, the use of which would not be practical for scaled-up production of <i>myo</i>-inositol. <i>myo</i>-Inositol was produced from amylose on the gram scale with yields exceeding 90%. Conversion rates were also high, producing over 2 g of <i>myo</i>-inositol within 4 h in a 200-ml reaction mixture. By adding a thermostable pullulanase, we produced <i>myo</i>-inositol from raw potato with yields of 57 to 61% (wt/wt). The system developed here should provide an attractive alternative to conventional methods that rely on extraction or microbial production of <i>myo</i>-inositol.
Valuating Queries for Data Trading in Modern Cities (2015)

The availability of data trading mechanisms and platforms is a paramount prerequisite to the development of effective smart city services. In order for data to become a commodity ready for consumption, transformation and exploitation by smart services, it must be made available and tradable on data market places. For such data market places to be viable there is a compelling need for a sound data pricing model that is conducive of the healthiness of the market. In this paper, we discuss the definition of a pricing model in which views are priced and queries are valuated using views. We define the price of a query as the cheapest combination of the prices of a set of views that can answer the query. We discuss the devising of effective and efficient algorithms of the computation of the price of a query. We show that the problem of computing the price is similar but not identical to the problem of answering queries using views. We therefore adapt the MiniCon algorithm, which was designed to answer queries using views, to the task at hand. We finally discuss further challenges created by the definition of a framework for valuating queries using views.
Ions in an AC Electric Field: Strong Long-Range Repulsion between Oppositely Charged Surfaces (2020)

Two oppositely charged surfaces separated by a dielectric medium attract each other. In contrast we observe a strong repulsion between two plates of a capacitor that is filled with an aqueous electrolyte upon application of an alternating potential difference between the plates. This long-range force increases with the ratio of diffusion coefficients of the ions in the medium and reaches a steady state after a few minutes, which is much larger than the millisecond timescale of diffusion across the narrow gap. The repulsive force, an order of magnitude stronger than the electrostatic attraction observed in the same setup in air, results from the increase in osmotic pressure as a consequence of the field-induced excess of cations and anions due to lateral transport from adjacent reservoirs.
A Case of Multiple Coronary Artery-Left Ventricular Micro Fistulae Complicated With Hepatic Arteriovenous Fistulae (2016)

We present the first case of multiple coronary artery-left ventricular micro fistulae complicated with hepatic arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in an adult patient. Multiple coronary artery fistulae originated from the left anterior descending coronary artery with aneurysmal change. Multiple coronary artery-left ventricular micro fistulae presented on the left ventricular wall and showed significant localized hypertrophic change. Stress and enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed myocardial ischemia that could not be detected by stress Tl-201 cardiac scintigraphy, and late patchy gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the mid-ventricular wall apex. This LGE pattern did not match the typical pattern observed in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These observations may help distinguish multiple coronary artery-associated myocardial ischemia and hypertrophy from apical cardiomyopathy.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Iron Colloids (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSonochemical Synthesis of Iron ColloidsKenneth S. Suslick, Mingming Fang, and Taeghwan HyeonView Author Information School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 47, 11960–11961Publication Date (Web):November 27, 1996Publication History Received29 May 1996Published online27 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961807nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961807nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4165Altmetric-Citations509LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colloidal particles,Colloids,Iron,Magnetic properties,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Thermal Conductivity Computations of Sintered Hollow Sphere Structures (2012)

The thermal conductivity of sintered hollow sphere structures (HSS) is investigated within the scope of this paper. For this purpose, finite element analyses based on micro-computed tomography images are performed on HSS structures. The complex geometry of the real sintered HSS sample is accurately captured with this new hybrid method. The numerical computations are investigated in three perpendicular directions (i.e., x, y and z) in order to examine the anisotropic material behaviour. The results indicate that sintered HSS reveals quasi-isotropic behaviour in terms of effective thermal conductivity. For the first time, the influence of the sphere wall thickness of real HSS is investigated. To this end, the computed tomography data is carefully manipulated by changing the thickness of the hollow sphere wall. The variation of the wall thickness alters the relative density and has a significant influence on the thermal conductivity. The influence of the relative density on the thermal conductivity reveals a linear dependency.
A Constellation of Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) CubeSats for Global Measurements of Three-Dimensional Winds (2015)

Global measurements of vertically-resolved atmospheric wind profiles offer the potential for improved weather forecasts, including superior predictions of atmospheric wind patterns. A small-satellite constellation utilizing Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) instruments onboard 6U CubeSats can provide measurements of global tropospheric wind profiles from space at very low cost. These small satellites are called FTS CubeSats. The constellation consists of groups of three FTS CubeSats flying in formation and separated by a specified time delay. This geometry enables moisture-field measurements which can be combined to provide vertically-resolved profiles of the wind field on a global basis. This paper will focus on recent advances in the maturity of the FTS CubeSat concept which includes an update of the flight concept, test results from a prototype of the FTS CubeSat, and development of more effective wind extraction algorithms.
Interactive multimodality display environment with photographic overlay enhancement for epilepsy surgical planning (2008)

We describe an interactive multimodality display environment, which combines anatomic CT, MRI, functional MRI images and photographs taken during surgical procedures, to provide comprehensive localization information regarding epilepsy seizure foci and the context of their surroundings. Our environment incorporates several unique features, including GPU-accelerated volume rendering and image fusion, versatile GPU-based clipping of volumetric images, and the ability to enhance the information delivered to the surgeon by fusing a direct (photographic) view of the surgical field with the volumetric image. We employ direct volume rendering for the fusion of multiple volumes using GPU-accelerated ray-casting. In addition, to expose the internal structures during volume fusion, we have developed user interaction tools that enable the surgeon to explore the fused volume using clipping-cube and cutaway clipping schemes. The fusion of intraoperative images onto the image volume allows enhanced visualization of the surgical procedure sites within the surgical planning environment. These techniques have been implemented as Visualization Toolkit (VTK) classes using the OpenGL fragment shading program and Python modules, and have been successfully implemented within our surgical planning environment "EpilepsyViewer". The results and performance of our GPU-based approach are compared with similar techniques in VTK, demonstrating that the use of the GPU can greatly accelerate visualization and enable increased flexibility of the system in the operating room. The result of photographic overlay shows good correspondence between the intraoperative photograph images and the preoperative image model. This environment can also be extended for use in other neurosurgical planning tasks.