gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model for Women in Nigeria (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Risk prediction models have been widely used to identify women at higher risk of breast cancer. We aimed to develop a model for absolute breast cancer risk prediction for Nigerian women.<b>Methods:</b> A total of 1,811 breast cancer cases and 2,225 controls from the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study (NBCS, 1998-2015) were included. Subjects were randomly divided into the training and validation sets. Incorporating local incidence rates, multivariable logistic regressions were used to develop the model.<b>Results:</b> The NBCS model included age, age at menarche, parity, duration of breastfeeding, family history of breast cancer, height, body mass index, benign breast diseases, and alcohol consumption. The model developed in the training set performed well in the validation set. The discriminating accuracy of the NBCS model [area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.703, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.687-0.719] was better than the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) model (AUC = 0.605; 95% CI, 0.586-0.624), Gail model for white population (AUC = 0.551; 95% CI, 0.531-0.571), and Gail model for black population (AUC = 0.545; 95% CI, 0.525-0.565). Compared with the BWHS and two Gail models, the net reclassification improvement of the NBCS model were 8.26%, 13.45%, and 14.19%, respectively.<b>Conclusions:</b> We have developed a breast cancer risk prediction model specific to women in Nigeria, which provides a promising and indispensable tool to identify women in need of breast cancer early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa populations.<b>Impact:</b> Our model is the first breast cancer risk prediction model in Africa. It can be used to identify women at high risk for breast cancer screening. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 636-43. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Creating a data resource: what will it take to build a medical information commons? (2017)

National and international public-private partnerships, consortia, and government initiatives are underway to collect and share genomic, personal, and healthcare data on a massive scale. Ideally, these efforts will contribute to the creation of a medical information commons (MIC), a comprehensive data resource that is widely available for both research and clinical uses. Stakeholder participation is essential in clarifying goals, deepening understanding of areas of complexity, and addressing long-standing policy concerns such as privacy and security and data ownership. This article describes eight core principles proposed by a diverse group of expert stakeholders to guide the formation of a successful, sustainable MIC. These principles promote formation of an ethically sound, inclusive, participant-centric MIC and provide a framework for advancing the policy response to data-sharing opportunities and challenges.
Peptides that mimic Candida albicans-derived -1,2-linked mannosides (2001)

Beta-1,2-linked mannosides from Candida albicans phosphopeptidomannan (PPM) bind to macrophages through a receptor independent from the macrophage alpha-linked mannose receptor and stimulate these cells to secrete immune mediators. Anti-beta-1,2-linked mannoside but not anti-alpha-linked mannoside antibodies produced after immunization with neoglycoproteins protect animals from disseminated candidiasis. In this study, peptides that mimic beta-1,2-linked mannosides were isolated using phage display methodology. A phage library expressing random peptides was panned with an anti-beta-1,2-linked mannoside monoclonal antibody (mAb). After three rounds of biopanning, the isolated phages were able to inhibit recognition of C. albicans by the mAb. Sixty percent of the phages had an identical DNA insert corresponding to the peptide sequence FHENWPS that was recognized specifically by the mAb. Injection of KLH-coupled peptide into mice generated high titers of polyclonal antibodies against C. albicans yeast cell walls. The anti-FHENWPS antibodies bound to C. albicans PPM and were inhibited by soluble beta-1,2-mannotetraose. Together, these data provide evidence for mimotopic activity of the peptide selected by biopanning with the anti-beta-1,2-oligomannoside mAb.
A review of current and emergent biofilm control strategies (2010)

Microbial adhesion to surfaces and the consequent biofilm formation has been documented in many different environments. Biofilms constitute a protected mode of growth that allows microorganisms to survival in hostile environments, being their physiology and behavior significantly different from their planktonic counterparts. In dairy industry, biofilms may be a source of recalcitrant contaminations, causing food spoilage and are possible sources of public health problems such as outbreaks of foodborne pathogens. Biofilms are difficult to eradicate due to their resistant phenotype. However, conventional cleaning and disinfection regimens may also contribute to inefficient biofilm control and to the dissemination of resistance. Consequently, new control strategies are constantly emerging with main incidence in the use of biosolutions (enzymes, phages, interspecies interactions and antimicrobial molecules from microbial origin). The present review will focus on describing the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation and behavior, deleterious effects associated with their presence, and some of the current and emergent control strategies, providing new insight of concern for food industry.
72 LIMITED REPROGRAMMING OF SOMATIC CELL NUCLEI TRANSFERRED INTO MOUSE IMMATURE OOCYTES (2006)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer, an important approach for the analysis of certain functional changes in the genome during differentiation and for many practical applications, is in general a low-efficiency procedure, mainly due to a low effectivity in the re-establishment of the developmental program in the reconstructed embryo. The process of reprogramming is, however, poorly understood and some additional studies are clearly necessary. The aim of this study was the ultrastructural and immunofluorescent (B23-nucleophosmin) evaluation of somatic (cumulus) cell nuclei reprogramming after their transfer into intact immature mouse oocytes, kept at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage (dbcAMP) during the whole culture. Control somatic cells and nuclear transfer-reconstructed embryos (1 and 24 h after fusion induced by polyethyleneglycol) were fixed for transmission electron mcroscopy (TEM) in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 1% OsO4, dehydrated through an ethanol series, and embedded in epoxy resin. Finally, ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate. The above reagents were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, PA, USA). In parallel, we have evaluated immunocytochemically the pattern of B23 labelling in intact and reconstructed cells. The samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, incubated with an antibody against B23 (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and then with a biotinylated secondary antibody, and detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-coupled Streptavidin (Jackson ImmunoResearch, Cambridgeshire, UK). Mouse cumulus cells (12/12) contain a reticulated fibrillogranular nucleolus. The cell are also positively labeled with the anti-B23 antibody. One hour after fusion, the introduced nuclei displayed shape modifications and nuclear envelope irregularities, whereas the nucleolus still showed the typical fibrillar pattern (19/19). The volume of transferred nuclei remains unchanged. Interestingly, while the oocyte nucleolus remains negative for B23, the nucleoli in transferred somatic cells were always positively labeled (45 cells). After 24 h, the transferred nuclei increased their volume up to two-three times and displayed an irregular shape with nucleoli still possessing the unchanged reticulated pattern (17/17). As in the previous experimental interval, only the somatic cell nucleus remained labeled with the anti-B23 antibody (52 cells). The GV oocyte nucleoli remained unchanged during the whole culture period, exhibiting the typical dense-fibrillar pattern. Our results showed that the immature oocyte cytoplasm possesses a limited remodelling activity. Interestingly, the evident increase in volume of transferred somatic cells indicated some changes but TEM morphology and B23 labeling pattern remained basically unchanged. We cannot, however, exclude the beneficial effect upon reprogramming if these nuclei were subsequently used for the transfer into definitive cytoplasts. This work was supported by ESF STE/05/E004 .
Fuzzy Supervision of Pid Controllers' Tuning (2009)

PID Controllers are the most common controller in industrial applications. Their main disadvantage is their loss of performance when the process under control modifies its behavior due to aging or change in operating conditions (raw materials, equipment, operators). This book presents two design alternatives of supervision techniques to on- line change the PID controller tuning parameters to improve the control loop performance. Since fuzzy logic has been used effectively to represent expert knowledge, the supervisors used expert rules in a fuzzy inference system to decide required changes based on process behavior. Two supervisors are designed, named FST1 and FST2 (Fuzzy Supervisor Type 1 and 2). FST1 is designed as a safety measure to act only when the loop becomes unstable. FST2 is intended for loop performance improvement, and it acts when the controller behavior is too agressive or sluggish.
Measurement of Ga implantation profiles in the sidewall and bottom of focused-ion-beam-etched structures (2004)

Ga implantation during focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling of metallic magnetic materials for magnetic recording heads was examined using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The Ga concentration profiles were characterized in two directions: in the depth direction (parallel to the incident beam) and in the lateral direction (perpendicular to the incident beam). The sample for AES analyses in the depth direction was prepared by FIB etching of a plated Ni78.5Fe21.5 film surface. The AES depth profile showed a maximum implanted Ga concentration of ∼20 at. % at a distance of ∼15 nm, and the tail of the implantation profile reached more than 100 nm. The sample for the lateral direction analyses was prepared by cutting a cross-sectional specimen out of the air-bearing surface of a working recording head. The lateral profile showed a maximum implanted Ga concentration of 47 at. % at the surface, with a lateral implantation depth of ∼10 nm. These results were compared with results predicted by a Monte Carlo implantation simulation package (TRIM). The simulated lateral profile was reasonably consistent with experimental observation, but the simulated depth profile agreed with experiment less well. Specifically, it did not predict the observed concentration levels observed as deep as 100 nm, which are believed to be due to dynamical sputtering effects.
Low Numbers of FOXP3 Positive Regulatory T Cells Are Present in all Developmental Stages of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions (2007)

Low frequencies of Treg in all developmental stages of human plaque formation could explain the smoldering chronic inflammatory process that takes place throughout the longstanding course of atherosclerosis.
Improvements of TArgeted multiplex mass spectrometry IMaging (2008)

MALDI mass spectrometers have become popular tools for imaging histological sections. Currently this technology is primarily used for imaging naturally occurring molecules. Here we report on the improvement of TArgeted multiplex MS IMaging (TAMSIM) technology. For TAMSIM we attach photocleavable mass tags to antibodies. Staining histological sections is done analogously to standard immunohistochemical procedures with chemiluminescent or fluorescent detection with the sole difference that multiple antibodies each with a distinct mass tag are used in a single reaction. Mass tags are released from their respective antibodies by a laser pulse at 355 nm without added matrix. After scanning, MS images are created for each tag mass. The enhancements of TAMSIM presented here relate to four elements, the use of an improved generation of tags, their conjugation directly to primary antibodies, the comparison of fresh frozen sections with paraffin embedded ones for the TAMSIM imaging technology and finally, the increase of multiplex detection. Sections of healthy human pancreatic tissue were imaged to visualize different specific biomarkers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, insulin, calcitonin, somatostatin) in neuroendocrine cells of Langerhans islets. The aim was to localize these biomarkers on the tissue sections simultaneously.
Studies on the ecology of mosquitoes in Saitama Prefecture : Part 2. Seasonal distribution of larvae which living in rock pools in the river bed of Nagatoro (1969)

1.1966年1月より'68年2月にわたり, 埼玉県秩父郡野上町長瀞付近の川岸ロックプールに発生する蚊, 特にハトリヤブカ幼虫の発生状況について調査した.2.期間中の計50回の調査で, 3属10種, 計53, 148個体の幼虫・蛹が採集された.このうちAe. hatoriiが最も多く(約84.7%), 次がAe. japonicus(約9.7%)で, この2種はほぼ年間を通じて採集され, Ae. hatoriiが優占種であった.3.Ae. hatoriiは7月から9月にかけて顕著な発生の山が見られたが, Ae. japonicusは夏期にはほとんど採集されず, むしろ春先に多く採集された.4.Ae. hatorii, Ae. japonicusが, 卵および成熟幼虫で越冬することが観察された.5.Ae. japonicusは日当りの良いプールからはごく少数しか採集されなかつた.
A Content-adaptive Visibility Predictor for Perceptually Optimized Image Blending (2022)

The visibility of an image semi-transparently overlaid on another image varies significantly, depending on the content of the images. This makes it difficult to maintain the desired visibility level when the image content changes. To tackle this problem, we developed a perceptual model to predict the visibility of the blended results of arbitrarily combined images. Conventional visibility models cannot reflect the dependence of the suprathreshold visibility of the blended images on the appearance of the pre-blended image content. Therefore, we have proposed a visibility model with a content-adaptive feature aggregation mechanism, which integrates the visibility for each image feature (i.e., such as spatial frequency and colors) after applying weights that are adaptively determined according to the appearance of the input image. We conducted a large-scale psychophysical experiment to develop the visibility predictor model. Ablation studies revealed the importance of the adaptive weighting mechanism in accurately predicting the visibility of blended images. We have also proposed a technique for optimizing the image opacity such that users can set the visibility of the target image to an arbitrary level. Our evaluation revealed that the proposed perceptually optimized image blending was effective under practical conditions.
A Hot Press for Radioisotope Source Development (1966)

A miniature vacuum hot press has been developed especially for forming research quantities of radioactive materials in a glove box or manipulator cell. The hot press can be readily disassembled and reassembled in a glove box through the access ports. The hot-press assembly is small due to the use of self-alignment and a water-cooled furnace jacket. This design allows rapid heating and cooling cycles. The hot press operates at up to 1700°C and 4000 psi on samples of up to ½-in. diam.
The New Technologies (2012)

Abstract This chapter discusses the impact of innovative technologies on the music industry in general and on Henry Cowell in particular. In the spring of 1931, Modern Music devoted an entire issue to radio, recording, film, and electrical instruments—technologies that posed serious threats as they transformed the musical world. Henry, while recognizing the dangers, was already exploring their potential. His career had hardly begun when he started recording for the player-piano. When Western Electric developed electrical recording and the loudspeaker, manufacturers rushed to adopt the technology, rendering the player-piano obsolete. Now capable of recording any music with respectable fidelity, the industry rapidly transformed itself with tremendous consequences. The record companies' decision that successful marketing of recordings depended upon famous interpreters playing familiar music left most performers and composers at risk. Henry's experience with film began with the silent newsreels made before his 1924 New York debut. He also commissioned Léon Theremin, a Soviet engineer with a musical background, to design a musical instrument called the Rhythmicon.
Fourier transform and convolution subroutines for the IBM 3090 Vector Facility (1986)

A set of highly optimized subroutines for digital signal processing has been included in the Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for the IBM 3090 Vector Facility. These include FORTRAN-callable subroutines for Fourier transforms, convolution, and correlation. The subroutines are carefully designed and tuned for optimal vector and cache performance. Speedups of up to 9½ times over scalar performance on the 3090 have been obtained.
How Can We Improve Surgical Care of Patients Who Are Homeless? (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Continuous operation over 1500 h of a PbTe/PbSnTe double-heterostructure laser at 77 K (1977)

Continuous operation over 1500 h at 77 K has been achieved by use of a PbTe/Pb0.93Sn0.07Te double-heterostructure laser which was grown using the liquid-phase-epitaxy method. The cw threshold current changed only about 3% during the first 200 h. It is concluded that the lifetime of PbTe/PbSnTe double-heterostructure lasers at 77 K is fundamentally very long.
Transmission loss measurements using a scanned array nearfield acoustical holography technique in an anechoic/reverberation facility. Part I. Measurement methodology. (2011)

Transmission loss is an important metric when used to assist in the selection of materials for noise control and design. In order to assess and improve the performance of transmission loss measurements, two different techniques were compared: traditional microphone and/or matched pair microphone intensity anechoic chamber chamber-side techniques, and nearfield acoustical holography (NAH) techniques. Intensity and sound power measurements using traditional methods were made on a test panel installed in an anechoic-reverb facility transmission loss window, then repeated using a conformal nearfield microphone array and nearfield acoustical holography processing techniques. In order to process the data with the relative phase between microphones preserved, a set of stationary reference signals was used. A number of spectral preprocessing techniques and reference combinations are presented. The nearfield acoustical holography processing methodology is also presented with an emphasis on data quality and error reduction.
Bias Controller of Mach–Zehnder Modulator for Electro-Optic Analog-to-Digital Converter (2019)

As one of the core devices for an electro-optic analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator plays an important role, and the output stability of the MZ modulator has a decisive influence on the conversion accuracy of the ADC. This paper proposed a pilot tone-based method to stabilize the bias point of the modulator. This method could obtain the corresponding control voltage of the MZ modulator by adding a KHz-level dither tone to the bias end of the modulator and calculating the ratio of the first and second harmonic components. The experimental results showed that the output optical power of the modulator was stable at 3.2 dB when the bias point of the modulator was set at the orthogonal point. Moreover, the fluctuation range was not more than 0.15 dB, the first harmonic of the output signal was stable at 50.5 dB, and the fluctuation range was not more than 0.6 dB. The proposed bias controller based on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) and digital signal processing (DSP) can stabilize the modulator bias point at the orthogonal point and with a relatively high locking accuracy.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Warburg Effect in Leukemia-Stroma Cocultures Is Mediated by Mitochondrial Uncoupling Associated with Uncoupling Protein 2 Activation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Warburg Effect in Leukemia-Stroma Cocultures Is Mediated by Mitochondrial Uncoupling Associated with Uncoupling Protein 2 Activation
Toward a mild dehydroformylation using base-metal catalysis (2016)

Dehydroformylation, or the reaction of aldehydes to produce alkenes, hydrogen gas, and carbon monoxide, is a powerful transformation that is underdeveloped despite the high industrial importance of the reverse reaction, hydroformylation. Interestingly, nature routinely performs a related transformation, oxidative dehydroformylation, in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and related sterols under mild conditions using base-metal catalysts. In contrast, chemists have recently developed a non-oxidative dehydroformylation method; however, it requires high temperatures and a precious-metal catalyst. Careful study of both approaches has informed our efforts to design a base-metal catalyzed, mild dehydroformylation method that incorporates benefits from each while avoiding several of their respective disadvantages. Importantly, we show that cooperative base metal catalysis presents a powerful, mechanistically unique approach to reactions which are difficult to achieve using conventional catalyst design.
Frequency of calls to "on-call" house officer pagers at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand. (2006)

Pager frequency is a potentially useful marker of job acuity and consequent junior doctor stress levels. This study demonstrated a high degree of variability in paging frequency both between services and between time periods. We recommend ongoing monitoring of paging frequencies and more even distribution of after-hours workload.
Detection of large cDNA inserts within crude lambda gt11 lysates: a rapid and sensitive method. (1990)

A method is presented for the isolation of bacteriophage lambda DNA and the rapid identification of large cDNA inserts within crude phage lysates. The primary screening of a lambda gt11 cDNA library with a 32P-radiolabeled cDNA probe yielded 21 putative positive clones. A phage "spot-blot" analysis was employed to quickly screen these potential recombinants. This eliminated 9 of the 21 clones as the result of false positive signals. The remaining 12 recombinant phage were amplified on agarose-based media, and phage DNA was isolated using a modified plate lysate procedure. The DNA thus obtained from these crude lysates could be easily digested with EcoRI and examined by Southern blot analysis. The resulting blot was hybridized with the same cDNA probe used in the initial screening of the library. Thus, two clones harboring the longest cDNA insert were identified from a mixed phage population and were subsequently plaque purified. The procedure is rapid, sensitive, reproducible, inexpensive and allows the processing of several clones at once without sacrificing the quality or yields of the DNA preparation. Furthermore, the method obviates the need for plaque purifying all the positives obtained from the initial screening of a cDNA library.