gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter wave systems for airports and short-range aviation communications: A survey of the current channel models at mmWave frequencies (2017)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will play a key role in enhancing the throughput, reliability, and security of next generation wireless networks. These advancements are achieved through the large bandwidth available in this band and through the use of highly directional links that will be used to overcome the large pathloss at these frequencies. Although the terrestrial application of mmWave systems is advancing at a rapid pace, the use of mmWave communication systems in aviation systems or airports is still in its infancy. This can be attributed to the challenges related to radio technology and lack of development, and characterization of mmWave wireless channels for the aviation field and the airport environment. Consequently, one of our goals is to develop methodologies that support mmWave air to ground links, and various links at airports, by applying new localization schemes that allow for application of highly directional links that can be deployed over longer distances despite the high path loss at mmWave frequencies. However, a very thorough understanding of the mmWave channel models are needed to enable such new applications. To this end, in this paper, we present a survey of the current channel models in the mmWave band. The 3-dimensional statistical channel model is also reviewed and its parameters and typical characteristics for this model are identified and computed through simulation for the Boise metropolitan area.
Bundle Protocol Header Compression (2015)

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), especially the Bundle Protocol (BP), transmit data in self-contained bundles each of which carrying all necessary information to process it and route it to its destination. While this allows for long delays, link disruptions and higher loss rates and makes the BP well-suited for networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it imposes a significant overhead in terms of the header sizes, as e. g. node addresses are denoted as full URIs, called Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs). While the Compressed Bundle Header Encoding introduces a special naming scheme to eradicate these URIs which reduces the header size to some extent, in this paper we present a novel, full-fledged header compression for the BP that can be applied stateless or stateful, i. e. without or with storing part of the bundle headers on forwarding nodes. The gains achievable with this approach are extensively evaluated with the simulation of bundles carefully generated from real-world network traffic on the one hand, and of realistically moving public transport vehicles with a traffic pattern often found in such Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks (DTWSNs) on the other hand.
A Zinc-Dependent Protease AMZ-tk from a Thermophilic Archaeon is a New Member of the Archaemetzincin Protein Family (2015)

A putative zinc-dependent protease (TK0512) in Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 shares a conserved motif with archaemetzincins, which are metalloproteases found in archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed that TK0512 and its homologues in Thermococcaceae represent new members in the archaemetzincins family, which we named AMZ-tk. We further confirmed its proteolytic activity biochemically by overexpression of the recombinant AMZ-tk in Escherichia coli and characterization of the purified enzyme. In the presence of zinc, the purified enzyme degraded casein, while adding EDTA strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. AMZ-tk also exhibited self-cleavage activity that required Zn(2+). These results demonstrated that AMZ-tk is a zinc-dependent protease within the archaemetzincin family. The enzyme displayed activity at alkaline pHs ranging from 7.0 to 10.0, with the optimal pH being 8.0. The optimum temperature for the catalytic activity of AMZ-tk was 55°C. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that transcription of AMZ-tk was also up-regulated after exposing the cells to 55 and 65°C. Mutant analysis suggested that Zn(2+) binding histidine and catalytic glutamate play key roles in proteolysis. AMZ-tk was thermostable on incubation for 4 h at 70°C in the presence of EDTA. AMZ-tk also retained >50% of its original activity in the presence of both laboratory surfactants and commercial laundry detergents. AMZ-tk further showed antibacterial activity against several bacteria. Therefore, AMZ-tk is of considerable interest for many purposes in view of its activity at alkaline pH, detergents, and thermostability.
Lung protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes and development of pulmonary complications in critically ill patients without ARDS (2015)

A large meta-analysis suggests that use of low tidal volumes benefits patients without ARDS [1] but most studies in this meta-analysis included patients receiving ventilation during general anesthesia for surgery. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to determine the association between tidal volume size and development of pulmonary complications in ICU patients.
A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Uterine Cervix Cancer in Korea (1996)

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of uterine cervical cancer in Korea. Information on a wide-range of life-styles, which might be related with uterine cervix cancer, has been routinely collected through a dual application of the self-administered questionnaire and the direct interview by a well-trained nurse at the Department of Gynecology, Seoul National University Hosiptal since 1992. The number of cervical cancer cases, histologically confirmed at the hospital, were 284. Included were 939 women as controls, who were free of past history of any malignancies. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence limits were based on the unconditional logistic regression model. The multivariate logistic model was constructed under the consideration of biologic characteristics on the natural history of the malignancy. In the multivariate results, the uterine cervical cancer risk was higher in women of shorter height$(P_{trend}), ever had a family history (adjusted OR=2.14., 95% C.I. ), multiparity$(P_{trend}
High-pressure processing of bovine milk: Effects on the coagulation of protein and fat globules during dynamic in vitro gastric digestion (2022)

The effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the digestion behavior of skim and whole bovine milks was investigated using a human gastric simulator. Both milks formed clots during gastric digestion. HPP treatment led to the formation of a coagulum with a fragmented and crumbled structure, compared with the coagulum formed from untreated milk. At pressures over 400 MPa, more intense pressure resulted in looser and more fragmented gastric clot structures. The weight of the dried clots and the moisture content in the clots of the skim milk treated at 600 MPa were significantly lower and higher than that of untreated skim milk, respectively. The looser and more fragmented gastric clot structures consequently led to faster hydrolysis of the proteins by pepsin during gastric digestion. The denaturation of the whey proteins induced by HPP may have also altered the resistance of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in the HPP-treated milk samples to pepsin hydrolysis. This study provides insights into the differences among untreated skim milk, untreated whole milk and HPP-treated milk under in vitro gastric digestion conditions. The structure of the clots formed in the gastric environment affects their breakdown and consequently their emptying rate into the intestine.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF D GROUP VITAMINS. III. SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D3 ANALOGS CONTAINING ONE OR TWO DOUBLE BONDS IN THE SIDE CHAIN (1978)

Abstract Ergosterin (I) wird mit Phthalazindion (II) in das Addukt (III) übergefuhrt, das zum Aldehyd (IV) oxidiert wird.
Cellular Interaction of Integrin α3β1 with Laminin 5 Promotes Gap Junctional Communication (1998)

Wounding of skin activates epidermal cell migration over exposed dermal collagen and fibronectin and over laminin 5 secreted into the provisional basement membrane. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been proposed to integrate the individual motile cells into a synchronized colony. We found that outgrowths of human keratinocytes in wounds or epibole cultures display parallel changes in the expression of laminin 5, integrin alpha3beta1, E-cadherin, and the gap junctional protein connexin 43. Adhesion of keratinocytes on laminin 5, collagen, and fibronectin was found to differentially regulate GJIC. When keratinocytes were adhered on laminin 5, both structural (assembly of connexin 43 in gap junctions) and functional (dye transfer) assays showed a two- to threefold increase compared with collagen and five- to eightfold over fibronectin. Based on studies with immobilized integrin antibody and integrin-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, the interaction of integrin alpha3beta1 with laminin 5 was sufficient to promote GJIC. Mapping of intermediate steps in the pathway linking alpha3beta1-laminin 5 interactions to GJIC indicated that protein trafficking and Rho signaling were both required. We suggest that adhesion of epithelial cells to laminin 5 in the basement membrane via alpha3beta1 promotes GJIC that integrates individual cells into synchronized epiboles.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications: Readiness of V2V Technology for Application (2014)

The purpose of this research report is to assess the readiness for application of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, a system designed to transmit basic safety information between vehicles to facilitate warnings to drivers concerning impending crashes. The United States Department of Transportation and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have been conducting research on this technology for more than a decade. This report explores technical, legal, and policy issues relevant to V2V, analyzing the research conducted thus far, the technological solutions available for addressing the safety problems identified by the agency, the policy implications of those technological solutions, legal authority and legal issues such as liability and privacy. Using this report and other available information, decision-makers will determine how to proceed with additional activities involving vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) technologies.
A 43 GHz 0.13μm CMOS prescaler (2008)

This paper presents a 43 GHz divide-by-three prescaler implemented in 0.13 mum CMOS technology. The variation of regenerative topology is used to perform frequency division by three at millimeter-wave frequency. The band-pass filtering is developed with circuit parasitics to suppress unwanted harmonics. By combining the Gilbert-cell mixer and differential injection locked oscillator, the maximum operating frequency of the CMOS divide-by-three prescaler is elevated to 43 GHz. The measured phase noise is -108.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the output signal frequency. Operated at 2 V, the prescaler consumes 16 mW of power. The total chip size is 0.8times0.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Comparative Evaluation of Exocrine Muscarinic Receptor Binding Characteristics and Inhibition of Salivation of Solifenacin in Mice (2006)

Anticholinergic agents such as oxybutynin are clinically useful in the treatment of overactive bladder. However, oral administration of oxybutynin is frequently accompanied by side effects such as dry mouth, and novel bladder-selective anticholinergic agents such as solifenacin and tolterodine are now under development. The aim of the present study was to characterize the suppression of cholinergic salivation and exocrine muscarinic receptor binding of solifenacin on oral administration to mice in comparison with those of oxybutynin. Results showed that both drugs produced a significant increase in K(d) values for specific [N-Methyl-(3)H]scopolamine methyl chloride ([(3)H]NMS) binding in the mouse submaxillary gland, compared with control values. However, this enhancement in K(d) values was significantly smaller with solifenacin than with oxybutynin. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of solifenacin on pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion was significantly weaker than that of oxybutynin. Solifenacin dissociated more readily from muscarinic receptors in the mouse submaxillary gland than oxybutynin. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the weak suppression of cholinergic salivation by solifenacin compared with oxybutynin may be partially attributed to its relatively fast dissociation kinetics from exocrine muscarinic receptors.
A Multi-Criteria Model for The Justification of it Investments (2005)

Investmenls in Informalion Technology (IT) are in es.sence strategic decision processes. However, many decision makers, given ihe complexity of their problems, end up by either reducing them lo an approach that is usually monetary to the detriment ol those possibly related to strategic hetiefits associated with IT. This fact is a consequence of the lack of .supportive decision tools to capture all the multiple aspects involved in the justification of IT investments. The Operations Research/Management Sciences can aid that process through the development of multi-criteria models, seeking to contemplate the simultaneously tangible and intangible aspects usually associated with this lype of investment. In this sense, this paper presents the development of a multi-criLeiia decision-making model lor the justification of IT investments, offering a validated minimal set of attributes that form the basis to formulate AHP models for specillc IT justification problems. The implementation of the model was accomplished with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, using the Team Expert Choice"^' software. The model was validated through its submission to twenty specialists in the area and through its application in real decision problems. The results obtained in the validation show both the generality and the potential of the model as a decision tool in the process of justifying IT investments.
Preferential extension of short telomeres induced by low extracellular pH (2016)

The majority of tumor cells overcome proliferative limit by expressing telomerase. Whether or not telomerase preferentially extends the shortest telomeres is still under debate. When human cancer cells are cultured at neutral pH, telomerase extends telomeres in telomere length-independent manner. However, the microenvironment of tumor is slightly acidic, and it is not yet known how this influences telomerase action. Here, we examine telomere length homeostasis in tumor cells cultured at pHe 6.8. The results indicate that telomerase preferentially extends short telomeres, such that telomere length distribution narrows and telomeres become nearly uniform in size. After growth at pHe 6.8, the expression of telomerase, TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 decreases, and the abundance of Cajal bodies decreases. Therefore, telomerase are insufficient for extending every telomere and shorter telomeres bearing less shelterin proteins are more accessible for telomerase recruitment. The findings support the 'protein-counting mechanism' in which extended and unextended state of telomere is determined by the number of associated shelterin proteins and the abundance of telomerase. Decreased expression of telomerase and preferential extension of short telomeres have important implications for tumor cell viability, and generate a strong rationale for research on telomerase-targeted anti-cancer therapeutics.
Enhanced Property Tunability of Doubly Doped Semiconductor Nanomaterials Using the Cluster Seed Method (2022)

Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs) have great potential in applications for renewable energy generation due to their size-tunable redox potentials. They may be prepared with different morphologies and coated to create complex heterostructures. Doping of semiconductor nanomaterials is another mechanism to realize property tunability, and doped QDs are playing an increasing role in green energy generation applications. In 2013 our group reported a method to create a batch of doped quantum dots where each particle was embedded with the same number of guest ions, thus circumventing Poisson statistics. This was accomplished by nucleating the QD around an organometallic seed cluster that contains guest ions. As a result, each QD has the same number of dopants, which eliminates problems due to inhomogeneity of the guest ion stoichiometry. These materials were studied using time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which allows us to characterize the electronic and coordination structure in both the ground and excited states. Current research reveals the potential to doubly dope semiconductors using cluster seeding, and that the originating organometallic structure may be represented in the final material product. To this end, ZnCdSe nanowires were prepared in the presence of (MnTe)4 cluster seeds. The results reveal that Mn(2+) has been successfully incorporated into the host matrix, while temperature dependent optical measurements suggest significantly enhanced semiconductor exciton-magnetic dopant interactions in materials prepared by cluster seeding compared to doped control samples. This could be due to ferromagnetic Mn-Mn interactions in the host resulting from enhanced exchange coupling mediated by highly spin-orbit coupled tellurium bridging. Consequently, cluster seeding may be used to "dope the dopants", affording a heretofore unrealized method for developing designer materials with enhanced electronic and optical properties. Figure 1
Multi-target tracking control using Continuous Double Auction Parameter Selection (2012)

Multifunction sensor resource management can be formulated as a distributed parameter selection problem, whereby parameter selections are sought for each task which maximises the global performance of all tasks, subject to a resource constraint. This paper describes the application of the Continuous Double Auction Parameter Selection (CDAPS) algorithm to the sensor resource management problem, and demonstrates the algorithm on multi-target tracking control scenarios for a multi-function radar. CDAPS is shown to give a significant improvement in performance over conventional rule based methods. The continuous nature of CDAPS allows for the resource allocation to evolve over time instead of in fixed allocation frames, and the algorithm is computationally efficient as only partial participant preferences are computed.
Carbon Monoxide Protects Against Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation–Induced Microcirculatory Injury and Tissue Injury (2014)

Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation is associated with endothelial injury. Heme oxygenase enzymes and CO are involved in part in diminishing this injury and may prove useful as a therapeutic adjunct that can be harnessed to protect against endothelial activation and damage.
Genetic heterogeneity, evolution, and recombination in noroviruses (2007)

Norovirus is one of the most common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. A total of 603 fecal specimens collected from sporadic pediatric cases of acute gastroenteritis in Japan from 2004 to 2005 were tested for the presence of norovirus by RT-PCR. It was found that 51 (8.5%) specimens were positive for norovirus. The norovirus genotypes detected in this study were GII/1, GII/2, GII/3, GII/4, GII/6, and GII/7. Of these, GII/3 was the most predominant (52.9%), followed by GII/4 (37.2%) and others. It was noticed that four distinct types of recombinant noroviruses were co-circulating and the variant norovirus GIIb suddenly emerged to be the leading strain in Japan for the first time. A novel norovirus nomenclature was proposed, in which worldwide noroviruses were classified into seven distinct genogroups (I-VII). Norovirus GI and GII consisted of 16 genotypes with 32 subgenotypes and 23 genotypes with 34 subgenotypes, respectively. Of note, human and porcine noroviruses had a close genetic relationship within GII. Interestingly, multiple short amino acid motifs located at N terminus, S domain, P1 domain, P2 domain, and C terminus of capsid gene correctly defined the phylogenetic norovirus genogroups, genotypes, and subgenotypes. Another interesting feature of the study was the identification of eight hitherto unreported recombinant noroviruses. It was noteworthy that three different types (intergenogroup, intergenotype, and intersubgenotype) of recombination in noroviruses were also found. This is the first report to demonstrate the existence of intergenogroup and intersubgenotype recombinations in noroviruses and highlights a possible route of zoonoses in humans because porcine, bovine and murine noroviruses belong to genogroups II, III, and V, respectively.
The minimum precorneal oxygen tension to avoid corneal edema. (1984)

One eye of each of eight subjects was exposed to gases containing oxygen concentrations of 1.0%, 2.5%, 4.9%, 7.5%, 10.1%, and 21.4% (oxygen partial pressures ranging from 8 to 158 mmHg) for 8 hr. The precorneal oxygen concentration required to avoid corneal edema for the group as a whole was 10.1% (an oxygen tension of 74 mmHg). There was considerable individual variation both in the corneal swelling response with each of the various oxygen concentrations and in the atmospheric oxygen concentration required to avoid edema: one subject required 7.5%, four subjects required 10.1%, and three subjects required 21.4% oxygen concentration. The results of this study suggest that the cornea requires higher levels of atmospheric oxygen than previously considered necessary for normal function.
Some Properties of a New Epithelial Cell Line of Human Origin<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1970)

A new human cell line (ME-180) was established from an omental metastasis of a rapidly spreading cervical carcinoma. The cell type was epithelial, as demonstrated by cytoplasmic tonofibrils and desmosomal attachments between the cells in monolayer cultures. Chromosomal number ranged from 48–130; fragmentation, dicentrics, and other chromosomal rearrangements characteristic of transformed cells were noted. Occasional marker chromosomes were seen but formed no stemline. ME-180 can be classified as heteroploid with a subtriploid mode and unstable karyotype. The sensitivity toward a number of viruses differed from that of He La cells studied simultaneously. ME-180 cells readily formed carrier cultures with some viruses, particularly with influenza and other myxoviruses.