gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of New Pteris vittata Phosphate Transporter PvPht1;4 Reduces Arsenic Translocation from the Roots to Shoots in Tobacco Plants (2019)

Arsenic-hyperaccumulator <i>Pteris vittata</i> is efficient in As uptake, probably through phosphate transporters (Pht). Here, for the first time, we cloned a new PvPht1;4 gene from <i>P. vittata</i> and investigated its role in arsenate (AsV) uptake and transport in yeast and transgenic tobacco plants. On the basis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), PvPht1;4 was abundantly expressed in <i>P. vittata</i> fronds and roots, with its transcripts in the roots being induced by both P deficiency and As exposure. PvPht1;4 was localized to the plasma membrane, which complemented a yeast-mutant defective in P uptake and showed higher P transport affinity than PvPht1;3. Under AsV exposure, PvPht1;4 yeast transformants showed comparable tolerance as PvPht1;3, but higher As accumulation than PvPht1;2 transformants, indicating that PvPht1;4 had considerable AsV and P transport activity. However, in soil and hydroponic experiments, PvPht1;4 expressing tobacco lines accumulated 26-44 and 37-55% lower As in the shoots than wild type plants, with lower root-to-shoot As translocation. In the roots of PvPht1;4 lines, higher glutathione (GSH) contents and expression levels of GSH synthetase gene NtGSH2 were observed. In addition, the transcripts of AsIII-GSH transporter NtABCC1 in PvPht1;4 lines were upregulated. The data suggested that PvPht1;4 lines probably detoxified As by reducing AsV to AsIII, which was then complexed with GSH and stored in the root vacuoles, thereby reducing As translocation in transgenic tobacco. Given its strong AsV transport capacity, expression of PvPht1;4 provides a new molecular approach to reduce As accumulation in plant shoots.
Reasons Dynamic Addresses Change (2016)

Applications often use IP addresses as end host identifiers based on the assumption that IP addresses do not change frequently, even when dynamically assigned. The validity of this assumption depends upon the duration of time that an IP address continues to be assigned to the same end host, and this duration in turn, depends upon the various causes that can induce the currently assigned IP address to change. In this work, we identify different causes that can lead to an address change and analyze their effect in ISPs around the world using data gathered from 3,038 RIPE Atlas probes hosted across 929 ASes and 156 countries across all 12 months of 2015. Our observations reveal information about ISP practices, outages, and dynamic address prefixes. For example, we found 20 ISPs around the world that periodically reassign addresses after a fixed period, typically a multiple of 24 hours. We also found that address changes are correlated with network and power outages occurring at customer premises equipment (CPE) devices. Furthermore, almost half of the address changes we observed on the same CPE were to an entirely different BGP-routed prefix.
C3a Enhances Nerve Growth Factor-Induced NFAT Activation and Chemokine Production in a Human Mast Cell Line, HMC-1 (2004)

Activation of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors leads to transphosphorylation and activation of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases. Human mast cells express G protein-coupled receptors for the complement component C3a (C3aR) and high affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA. To determine whether C3a cross-regulates TrkA signaling and biological responses, we used a human mast cell-line, HMC-1, that natively expresses both receptors. We found that NGF caused tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA, resulting in a sustained Ca(2+) mobilization, NFAT activation, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) production. In contrast, C3a induced a transient Ca(2+) mobilization and ERK phosphorylation but failed to stimulate TrkA phosphorylation, NFAT activation, or MIP-1beta production. Surprisingly, C3a significantly enhanced NGF-induced NFAT activation, ERK phosphorylation, and MIP-1beta production. Pertussis toxin, a G(i/o) inhibitor, selectively blocked priming by C3a but had no effect on NGF-induced responses. Mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 caused approximately 30% inhibition of NGF-induced MIP-1beta production but had no effect on priming by C3a. However, cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of calcineurin-mediated NFAT activation, caused substantial inhibition of NGF-induced MIP-1beta production both in the absence and presence of C3a. These data demonstrate that NGF caused tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA to induce chemokine production in HMC-1 cells via a pathway that mainly depends on sustained Ca(2+) mobilization and NFAT activation. Furthermore, C3a enhances NGF-induced transcription factor activation and chemokine production via a G protein-mediated pathway that does not involve TrkA phosphorylation.
Convergence of non-communicable diseases and tuberculosis: a two-way street? (2018)

The intersection of tuberculosis (TB) with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic lung disease (CLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has emerged as a critical clinical and public health challenge. Rapidly expanding NCD epidemics threaten TB control in low- and middle-income countries, where the prevention and treatment of TB disease remain a great burden. However, to date, the notion that TB may adversely impact NCD risk and severity has not been well explored. This review summarizes biomedical hypotheses, findings from animal models, and emerging epidemiologic data related to the progression of DM, CLD and CVD during and after active TB disease. We conclude that there is sufficient empirical evidence to justify a greater research emphasis on the syndemic interaction between TB and NCD.
Abstract 2219: STAT3 network dissection in ALK positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (2014)

Abstract Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) represents a category of T-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas characterized by marked cellular pleomorphism, and expression of CD30. Two systemic forms of ALCL are defined by the presence or absence of chromosomal translocations involving the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene at 2p23 locus. Among several pathways triggered by ALK signaling, it has been widely shown that the constitutive activation of STAT3 is strictly required for ALK-mediated transformation and survival. To discover essential mediators of STAT3 oncogenic activity that may represent feasible targets for ALCL therapies, we performed gene and miRNA expression profiling experiments in association with functional validation approaches. The transcriptome of STAT3 was analysed in ALK positive ALCL cell lines using a tightly controlled time course experimental condition, in which the STAT3 signalling was abrogated by an inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Gene expression profiling analysis identified a selected number of genes (1730) specifically modulated by STAT3 silencing. A significant overrepresentation of putative STAT3 binding sites was found in regulatory regions of early down-regulated genes. Functional studies using a shRNA lentiviral library established that Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4) targeting specifically affect cell viability of ALK+ ALCL cells. In contrast, forced expression of IRF4 partially rescued STAT3 knock-down sustaining the survival of ALK+ cells. In a parallel experiment, genome-wide miRNA expression profiling identified 48 miRNAs concordantly modulated by the inducible knock down of ALK and STAT3. Among these, we demonstrated that expression of miR-17∼92 cluster significantly reverted STAT3 deprivation, sustaining both proliferation and survival of ALCL cells. In conclusion, genes and miRNA expression profiling associated to functional screenings allowed the identification of new biologically relevant targets for ALK+ALCL. We speculate that IRF4 and miR-17∼92 cluster are involved in the lymphomagenesis of STAT3+ ALCL, and that their inhibition might represent an alternative avenue to interfere with ALK signaling in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas. Citation Format: Elisa Spaccarotella, Aldi Pupuleku, Elisa Pellegrino, Cecilia Bandini, Manuela Ferracin, Daniela Cantarella, Andrea Rinaldi, Paolo Provero, Ferdinando Di Cunto, Enzo Medico, Francesco Bertoni, Giorgio Inghirami, Roberto Piva. STAT3 network dissection in ALK positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2219. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2219
The Phosphonation of Aromatic Compounds with Phosphoric Anhydride1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Phosphonation of Aromatic Compounds with Phosphoric Anhydride1H. Z. Lecher, T. H. Chao, K. C. Whitehouse, and R. A. GreenwoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 4, 1045–1051Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01633a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01633a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measuring precipitation kinetics of sparingly soluble salts using Shock-Freeze Cryo-TEM (2015)

The precipitation of barium sulphate in a rapid mixing device (Y-mixer) coupled with an instantaneous sample freezing device was studied in order to accurately measure the nucleation rate. In this Shock-Freeze Cryo-TEM (SFCT) approach, a small volume of solution was removed from the stream directly into liquid ethane by means of a gravitational guillotine. Using different pipe lengths to measure various residence times, it was possible to determine the particle size, morphology, numbers of primary particles and thus nucleation rate. The nucleation rates were found to be a strong function of Reynolds number, up to Re=3×104 (Re being inversely related to the micromixing time). The measured nucleation rates ranged between 2.79×1014 and 3.81×1017 # m−3 s−1 at supersaturations between 4×106 and 1×108. The measured particle sizes in this work (ranging from 62 to 320 nm for supersaturation values between 4×106 and 1×108) were smaller than those measured by previous researchers, possibly because previous work did not quench the reaction sufficiently fast and thus allowed the particles a longer time to increase in size. In summary, this work successfully achieved a fast, accurate and reproducible nucleation rate measurement that could also give information about particle morphology.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIESOF A MAGNETICALLY INSULATEDLINEOSCILLATOR WORKING INS-BAND (2007)

High-power Microwave emission hasbeenobserved forthe first timeinS-band withourcompact magnetically insulated line oscillator 1(MILO). Thedevice isdriven bythelow impedance Marxgenerator GAFI2whichwasdesigned and built atCEA/CESTAforhigh-power microwave (HPM) experiments. Measurements withfastandsensitive I-dot probes, installed inside theslowwavestructure (SWS), have provided thefirst evidence ofMILOoscillation. Themain frequency at2.4GHzisconfirmed bymeasuring theemitted radiation, bothbyusing anin-vacuum antenna andahorn placed inthefar-field region. Thefrequency response ofthe MILO slowwavestructure (SWS)iscompared toa 3-D simulation 3 performed withtheparticle-in-cell code MAGIC.Ina first configuration, we haveobtained a microwave output powerof1GW,ingoodagreement with thesimulations. Then, weincreased thepulse duration and thefrequency stability ofemission byoptimizing thecathode geometry. Finally, thanks tothefair agreement between our experimental results andthecorresponding simulations, we present adesign whichshould give ahigher emitted powerat 2.16GHz.
Synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of copper(I) halide complexes containing biphenyl bidentate phosphine ligand (2017)

Copper(I) halide complexes having thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence have attracted much attention. Here, a series of four-coordinate dinuclear copper(I) halide complexes, [CuX(bpbp)]2 (bpbp = 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl, X = I (1), Br (2) and Cl (3)), were synthesized, and their molecular structures and photophysical properties were investigated. The structural analysis reveals that two copper(I) centers are bridged by two halogen ligands to form a dinuclear structure with a four-membered Cu2X2 ring. These complexes exhibit yellow to blue emission in the solid state at room temperature and have peak emission wavelengths at 575–487 nm with microsecond lifetimes (τ = 6.2–19.8 μs) and low emission quantum yields (<0.01%). The emissions of 1–3 originate from MLCT, XLCT, and IL (intraligand) transitions. Three complexes displayed good thermal stability.
Unidirectional information transfer with cascaded All Spin Logic devices: A Ring Oscillator (2011)

The authors have presented the first simulator that simultaneously describes magnetization dynamics as well as spin transport in multi-magnet ASL networks and used it to demonstrate the possibility of large scale functional spin logic blocks through the example of an All Spin ring oscillator.
Preparation of Mica Supported Lipid Bilayers for High Resolution Optical Microscopy Imaging (2014)

Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are widely used as a model for studying membrane properties (phase separation, clustering, dynamics) and its interaction with other compounds, such as drugs or peptides. However SLB characteristics differ depending on the support used. Commonly used techniques for SLB imaging and measurements are single molecule fluorescence microscopy, FCS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Because most optical imaging studies are carried out on a glass support, while AFM requires an extremely flat surface (generally mica), results from these techniques cannot be compared directly, since the charge and smoothness properties of these materials strongly influence diffusion. Unfortunately, the high level of manual dexterity required for the cutting and gluing thin slices of mica to the glass slide presents a hurdle to routine use of mica for SLB preparation. Although this would be the method of choice, such prepared mica surfaces often end up being uneven (wavy) and difficult to image, especially with small working distance, high numerical aperture lenses. Here we present a simple and reproducible method for preparing thin, flat mica surfaces for lipid vesicle deposition and SLB preparation. Additionally, our custom made chamber requires only very small volumes of vesicles for SLB formation. The overall procedure results in the efficient, simple and inexpensive production of high quality lipid bilayer surfaces that are directly comparable to those used in AFM studies.
An Overview of Enhancing Distance Learning Through Emerging Augmented and Virtual Reality Technologies (2023)

Although distance learning presents a number of interesting educational advantages as compared to in-person instruction, it is not without its downsides. We first assess the educational challenges presented by distance learning as a whole and identify 4 main challenges that distance learning currently presents as compared to in-person instruction: the lack of social interaction, reduced student engagement and focus, reduced comprehension and information retention, and the lack of flexible and customizable instructor resources. After assessing each of these challenges in-depth, we examine how AR/VR technologies might serve to address each challenge along with their current shortcomings, and finally outline the further research that is required to fully understand the potential of AR/VR technologies as they apply to distance learning.
CHAPTER 1. THEORY OF THE HARVEST LABOR MARKET (2014)

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Role of Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase in Sucrose Metabolism in Leaves (1992)

Sucrose is formed in the cytoplasm of leaf cells from triose phosphates exported from the chloroplast. Flux control is shared among key enzymes of the pathway, one of which is sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). Regulation of SPS by protein phosphorylation is important in vivo and may explain diurnal changes in SPS activity and carbon partitioning. The signal transduction pathway mediating the light activation of SPS in vivo appears to involve metabolites and novel "coarse" control of the protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates and activates SPS. Regulation of the phosphorylation of SPS may provide a general mechanism whereby sucrose formation is coordinated with the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of nitrate assimilation. There are apparent differences among species in the properties of SPS that may reflect different strategies for the control of carbon partitioning. The SPS gene has recently been cloned from maize; results of preliminary studies with transgenic tomato plants expressing high levels of maize SPS support the postulate that SPS activity can influence the partitioning of carbon between starch and sucrose.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Skills To Succeed in the Host: Virulence and Regulation (2013)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary enteric pathogen infecting both humans and animals. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water so that salmonellae reach the intestinal epithelium and trigger gastrointestinal disease. In some patients the infection spreads upon invasion of the intestinal epithelium, internalization within phagocytes, and subsequent dissemination. In that case, antimicrobial therapy, based on fluoroquinolones and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins as the current drugs of choice, is indicated. To accomplish the pathogenic process, the Salmonella chromosome comprises several virulence mechanisms. The most important virulence genes are those located within the so-called Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). Thus far, five SPIs have been reported to have a major contribution to pathogenesis. Nonetheless, further virulence traits, such as the pSLT virulence plasmid, adhesins, flagella, and biofilm-related proteins, also contribute to success within the host. Several regulatory mechanisms which synchronize all these elements in order to guarantee bacterial survival have been described. These mechanisms govern the transitions from the different pathogenic stages and drive the pathogen to achieve maximal efficiency inside the host. This review focuses primarily on the virulence armamentarium of this pathogen and the extremely complicated regulatory network controlling its success.
A GUS/Luciferase Fusion Reporter for Plant Gene Trapping and for Assay of Promoter Activity with Luciferin-Dependent Control of the Reporter Protein Stability (2007)

A gene-trapping vector carrying a GUS/Luciferase dual reporter gene was developed to establish an efficient and convenient screening system for T-DNA-based gene trapping in plants. A key feature of this gene trap scheme is to place two different types of reporters, luciferase (Luc) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS), as a fusion protein within a trapped gene to probe the activity of the gene. Luc is then utilized as a non-invasive, vital and highly sensitive screening reporter to identify trapped lines, including direct screening of the trapped lines from the primary T-DNA mutant pools. GUS is utilized as a histochemical assay reporter to analyze detailed cellular expression patterns. Transgenic expression studies in Arabidopsis showed that this fusion reporter protein retains functional enzyme activity for both GUS and Luc. Using this system in Arabidopsis, we were able to identify 3,737 trapped lines from 26,900 individual T-DNA insertion lines. Sequence determination of the T-DNA insertion loci in the genome of 78 trapped lines identified GUS/Luc fusions with 27 annotated Arabidopsis genes which included a subset of transcription factors, protein kinases, regulatory proteins and metabolic enzymes. Of these, particular expression patterns of four tagged genes were further confirmed by analyzing putative promoter regions of the corresponding wild-type genes. Furthermore, the protein stability of the GUS/Luc fusion reporter was controlled by application of luciferase substrate (luciferin), overcoming the excessive stability problem of GUS that causes misrepresentation of the transcriptional activity of a promoter. These results demonstrate the utility of the GUS/Luc dual reporter system as a gene trap reporter for studying plant genome function and also as a convenient dual reporter system for study of gene expression.
Mechanical thrombectomy in a young stroke patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2018)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on MTE in a patient with DMD related cardioembolic stroke. In contrast to the few reports with IV thrombolysis, MTE seems to represent an optimal treatment option. Specific characteristics of DMD-patients like anesthetic regimen should be taken into account.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Amino Ketones to Amino Alcohols for Pharmaceutical Use (2007)

This Account gives an overview of the homogeneously catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral amino ketones. The preparation of enantiopure arylalkanolamines, which are potent and economically very important pharmaceuticals, is described. Classical routes of synthesis are compared with the new asymmetric hydrogenation route for a number of compounds from the viewpoint of an industrial pharmaceutical chemist.