gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastatic brain cancer: prediction of response to whole-brain helical tomotherapy with simultaneous intralesional boost for metastatic disease using quantitative MR imaging features (2014)

The sequential application of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and more targeted stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is frequently used to treat metastatic brain tumors. However, SRS has side effects related to necrosis and edema, and requires separate and relatively invasive localization procedures. Helical tomotherapy (HT) allows for a SRS-type simultaneous infield boost (SIB) of multiple brain metastases, synchronously with WBRT and without separate stereotactic procedures. However, some patients’ tumors may not respond to HT+SIB, and would be more appropriately treated with radiosurgery or conventional surgery despite the additional risks and side effects. As a first step toward a broader objective of developing a means for response prediction to HT+SIB, the goal of this study was to investigate whether quantitative measurements of tumor size and appearance (including first- and second-order texture features) on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan acquired prior to treatment could be used to differentiate responder and nonresponder patient groups after HT+SIB treatment of metastatic disease of the brain. Our results demonstrated that smaller lesions may respond better to this form of therapy; measures of appearance provided limited added value over measures of size for response prediction. With further validation on a larger data set, this approach may lead to a means for prediction of individual patient response based on pre-treatment MRI, supporting appropriate therapy selection for patients with metastatic brain cancer.
Distributed Integrated Development Environment for Mobile Platforms (2013)

It is believed that future technologies related to smart devices could add more towards making life easy while saving on time for a person on the go. Already mobile devices have added value to our everyday tasks. However, programmers, so far, seem to be denied the use of such facilities with these smart devices. Distributed Integrated Development Environment for Mobile Platforms (DIMP) is directed towards them with an innovative way to write software programs on the go. Using a mobile device such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer, DIMP is capable of writing source codes and compiling. DIMP consists of a mobile application, a central server and a set of compilation servers, while an administrative web console supports the administrative functions. Together, they comprise DIMP. The mobile application is an android application and provides a rich source code editor integrated to the software. It allows compiling and running of source codes where users can write programs in a selected language. If the source code is error free, a user can expect a worthwhile output whereas an error prone source code would reveal the relevant error message with useful hints for debugging. A further benefit from DIMP is that it allows a user to maintain online work space as well as an offline workspace. Source codes can be shared with other interested users.
Metabolomic analysis of a selective ABCA1 inducer in obesogenic challenge provides a rationale for therapeutic development (2021)

Our observations in the HFD model, combined with the absence of lipogenesis and neutropenia in WT mice, support this novel approach to therapeutic development for T2D and related conditions.
Bulk nanostructured thermoelectric materials: current research and future prospects (2009)

Thermoelectrics have long been recognized as a potentially transformative energy conversion technology due to their ability to convert heat directly into electricity. Despite this potential, thermoelectric devices are not in common use because of their low efficiency, and today they are only used in niche markets where reliability and simplicity are more important than performance. However, the ability to create nanostructured thermoelectric materials has led to remarkable progress in enhancing thermoelectric properties, making it plausible that thermoelectrics could start being used in new settings in the near future. Of the various types of nanostructured materials, bulk nanostructured materials have shown the most promise for commercial use because, unlike many other nanostructured materials, they can be fabricated in large quantities and in a form that is compatible with existing thermoelectric device configurations. The first generation of these materials is currently being developed for commercialization, but creating the second generation will require a fundamental understanding of carrier transport in these complex materials which is presently lacking. In this review we introduce the principles and present status of bulk nanostructured materials, then describe some of the unanswered questions about carrier transport and how current research is addressing these questions. Finally, we discuss several research directions which could lead to the next generation of bulk nanostructured materials.
Pseudo-Hexagonal Crystallinity in Ethene-Styrene Random Copolymers (2001)

A comparative X-ray diffraction study on unoriented and oriented samples of ethene based random copolymers with styrene and propene, obtained by single site metallocene catalysts is presented. For ethene-styrene copolymers, as usual for ethene copolymers with comonomers bulkier than propene, an orthorhombic crystal phase is generally observed. However, an oriented pseudo-hexagonal crystalline phase has been obtained in stretched samples, and compared with that one known for ethene-propene copolymers.
Grain Boundary Ridge Formation During Simultaneous Recrystallization and High Temperature Oxidfation of a Mn IF Steel (2008)

Giant pentane-soluble organo-silicon dendrimers have been synthesized using a triallylphenol brick according to a new divergent construction that uses a hydrosilylation-nucleophilic substitution sequence up to the ninth generation (G(9)). All the reactions were monitored by (1)H, (13)C, and (29)Si NMR until G(9), indicating that they were clean at the NMR accuracy until this last generation. MALDI TOF mass spectra were recorded for G(1) to G(4) and show the nature and amounts of defects that are intrinsic to the divergent construction. This technique and SEC (recorded up to G(5)) confirm the monodispersity (1.00 to 1.02) from G(1) to G(5). HRTEM and AFM images recorded for the high generations disclose the expected smooth dendrimer size progression and the globular shape. At G(9), the theoretical number of termini (TNT) is 177 407 branches (abbreviation: G(9)-177 047). It is estimated that more than 10(5) terminal branches are actually present in the G(9) dendrimer, far beyond the De Gennes "dense-packing" limit (6000 branches), and it is believed that the branch termini turn inside the dendrimer toward the core. This is corroborated by lower reaction rates and yields for the highest generation numbers presumably due to intradendritic reactions. It is probable that the dendritic construction is limited by the density of branches inside the dendrimer, i.e., far beyond the dense-packing limit.
Interleukin‐4 induces endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) by an NF‐κb‐independent mechanism (1995)

While all features of the inflammatory response induced by IL-1 are not observed following IL-4 stimulation, suboptimal concentrations both cytokines result in synergistic VCAM-1 expression in HUVEC. We have shown that, while IL-1 stimulated HUVEC express GM-CSF, tissue factor and VCAM-1, only VCAM-1 is detectable after exposure to IL-4. While kB was found essential for both basal and IL-1-mediated activity of VCAM-1, IL-4 induction was kB-independent. Inducible kB-binding proteins were identified in IL-1-, but not IL-4-stimulated nuclear extracts. Our results indicate that IL-4 exerts its transcriptional effects on the VCAM-1 gene through element(s) which do not require kB.
The lipid-binding peptide from the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump binds calmodulin, and the primary calmodulin-binding domain interacts with lipid. (1992)

Peptide G25 (KKAVKVPKKEKSVLQGKLTRLAVQI) representing the putative lipid-binding region (G region) of the erythrocyte Ca2+ pump was synthesized. This peptide interacted with acidic lipids, as shown by the increase in size of phosphatidylserine liposomes in its presence. This lipid interaction is consistent with the previous evidence suggesting that the portion of the pump from which this peptide was taken is responsible for the activation of the pump by acidic lipid. G25 also bound to calmodulin, as was shown by its cause of a shift in the fluorescence of 5-dimethylamino naphthalene-1-sulfonyl- (dansyl)-calmodulin, and by its competition with Ca2+ pump for calmodulin. Its Kd for dansyl-calmodulin was much higher (0.8 microM) than that of the peptides representing the primary calmodulin-binding region (C region) of the Ca2+ pump. Although the presence of the G region provided the possibility of a second calmodulin-binding site, activation of the pump by calmodulin always could be fitted by simple saturation kinetics. The calmodulin-binding peptide from the C region of the pump, C28R2, also interacted with lipid with even greater effectiveness than G25. When the C region of the pump was saturated with calmodulin, acidic lipid activation of the pump followed simple saturation kinetics. However, when calmodulin was omitted, a higher concentration of lipid was needed for saturation and the kinetics became complex. The data are consistent with the idea that calmodulin activates the pump only by interaction at the C region, but that acidic lipid activates by interaction at both of the C and G regions.
Molecular pathways controlling inhibitory receptor expression (2012)

Epilepsy is a disease of complex etiology, and multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to its development. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may result from an initial precipitating event such as hypoxia, head injury, or prolonged seizure (i.e., status epilepticus [SE]), that is followed by a latent period of months to years before spontaneous seizures occur. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor (GABA(A) R) subunit changes occur during this latent period and may persist following the onset of spontaneous seizures. Research into the molecular mechanisms regulating these changes and potential targets for intervention to reverse GABA(A) R subunit alterations have uncovered seizure-induced pathways that contribute to epileptogenesis. Several growth or transcription factors are known to be activated by SE, including (but not limited to): brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), and early growth response factors (Egrs). Results of multiple studies suggest that these factors transcriptionally regulate GABA(A) R subunit gene expression in a way that is pertinent to the development of epilepsy. This article focuses on these signaling elements and describes their possible roles in gene regulatory pathways that may be critical in the development of chronic epilepsy.
Computational simulation of intracoronary flow based on real coronary geometry☆ (2004)

Computational tools of this kind along with a state-of-the-art multislice computerized tomography or magnetic resonance-based non-invasive coronary imaging, could enable realistic, repetitive, non-invasive and multidimensional quantifications of the effects of stenosis on distal hemodynamics, and thus help in precise surgical/interventional planning. It could also add insights into coronary and bypass graft atherogenesis.
High-Speed Large-Area Inverted InGaAs Thin-Film Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetectors (2004)

Inverted metal-semiconductor-metal (I-MSM) photodetectors, which are thin-film MSMs with the growth substrate removed and fingers on the bottom of the device (to eliminate finger shadowing to enhance responsivity), are reported herein for high-speed high-efficiency large-area photodetectors. Reported herein are the highest speed vertically addressed large-area (40-/spl mu/m diameter) photodetectors reported to date, which operate with a responsivity of 0.16 A/W and a full-width half-maximum of less than 5 ps. Materials, fabrication processes, heterogeneous integration, and characterization of I-MSM photodetectors are presented in this paper, as measured using a fiber-based electrooptic sampling system. These large-area photodetectors are ideal for vertically addressed high-speed optical links which need alignment-tolerant packaging for cost sensitive applications.
The Throughput Order of Ad Hoc Networks Employing Network Coding and Broadcasting (2006)

Gupta and Kumar established that the per node throughput of ad hoc networks with multi-pair unicast traffic scales as lambda(n)=Theta(l/radic(nlogn)), thus indicating that network performance does not scale well with an increasing number of nodes. However, the model of Gupta and Kumar did not allow for the possibility of network coding and broadcasting, and recent work has suggested that such techniques have the potential to greatly improve network throughput. Here, for multiple unicast flows in a random topology under the protocol communication model of Gupta and Kumar, we show that for arbitrary network coding and broadcasting in a two-dimensional random topology that the throughput scales as lambda(n)=Theta(1/nr(n)), where n is the total number of nodes and r(n) is the transmission radius. When r(n) is set to ensure connectivity, lambda(n)=Theta(1/radic(nlogn)), which is of the same order as the lower bound for the throughput without network coding and broadcasting; in other words, network coding and broadcasting at most provides a constant factor improvement in the throughput. This result is also extended to one-dimensional and three-dimensional random deployment topologies, where it is shown that lambda(n)=Theta(1/n) for the one-dimensional topology and lambda(n)=Theta(1/cube root of (nlog <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n)) for three-dimensional networks
Preparation of 1-O-acylglucuronides of 13C-labelled (R)- and (S)-ketoprofens (1997)

The preparation of enantiomeric [1-13C]ketoprofens (KPs) and their acylglucuronides has been reported for the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics and reactivities of KP acylglucuronides. The racemic [1-13C]KP was prepared by a three-step synthetic scheme from [13C]potassium cyanide in overall yield of 23 %. The racemate was optically resolved by the formation of diastereomeric amides with (R)-(+)-α-phenylethylamine, separation of the amides by column chromatography on silica gel, and nonhydrolytic cleavage of the amide bond using nitrogen tetroxide. The yields of KP enantiomers were 30 % based on the racemate. The acylglucuronides of (R)- and (S)-[1-13C]KP were isolated from human urine after dosing of each labelled KP (100 mg) using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography following Sep-Pak C18 pretreatments. The yields of the conjugates from 0–4 h post-dose urine were roughly 50 mg. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Dummy for Vibration Transmissibility Measurement in Improving Ride Comfort (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Continuing effort in measuring human vibration response results in a new design of vibration comfort dummy. The difference between this new dummy and other mechanical dummies is that (1) it uses a soft human-tissue like lower torso so it matches compliance better than the previous ones, and (2) it utilizes the spring and damping characteristics of the compliant lower torso. The lower torso is integrated with a spring-mass load simulating the top body of human so that the integrated dummy consists of two parts. This unique design greatly improves the accuracy and stability of transmissibility measurement and provides a direct application tool in seat prototype development. The results measured with dummy are compared with that measured with 3 human subjects in different percentiles and good match is found in the first transmissibility resonance and overall vibration response. As an outcome, the dummy is used to replace human subjects to conduct a series of design of experiment tests to find the optimal component combinaitons. Structural improvements in transmissibility is obtained. This paper is a continuing study focused on correlating the dummy vibration response to human response. The results show that the earlier research has paid off and a dummy can help seat prototype design in improving ride comfort.&lt;/div&gt;
Proteolysis‐inducing factor regulates hepatic gene expression via the transcription factors NF‐κΒ and STAT3 (2001)

A novel protein, proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF), has been isolated from the urine of patients with pancreatic cancer and is capable of inducing muscle proteolysis in vitro. Only adult skeletal muscle and liver exhibit substantial binding of PIF. We have investigated the effect of PIF on hepatic gene expression. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes and the human cell line HepG2 were incubated in the presence of PIF to assess its effects on hepatic transcription factors, proinflammatory cytokine production, and acute phase proteins. PIF activates both the transcription factors NF-kB and STAT3, which result in the increased production of IL-8, IL-6, and C-reactive protein and the decreased production of transferrin. The function of PIF, beyond muscle degradation, is unknown but here we show that it is involved in hepatic gene expression, and is thus likely to be involved in the proinflammatory response observed in cachexia. These results may also suggest a potential role for PIF during embryonic development. The expression of PIF peaks during the embryonic period E8 to E9, a stage that is crucial in the development of skeletal muscle and liver and during which both NF-kB and STAT3 activation can also be observed.
Evaluation of the length dependence of the pump-depleted Cerenkov SHG (2004)

In our recent published works we reported that the propagation length dependence of the conversion efficiency of the Cerenkov second harmonic generation (CSHG) in planar waveguides with a nonlinear substrate follows quite strict rules depending on an actual waveguide geometry together with the wavelength of the pump radiation. Namely, simple integral expressions show that the propagation length exponent may vary continuously from zero to a quadratic dependence. In this contribution, we generally analyze the propagation length dependence of CSHG for some specific arrangements. We also study, for the first time, the effect of pump depletion together with the influence of the pump wavelength and the effective refractive index. It is shown that the length dependence can thus be described by several categories, where the conversion efficiency is - with respect to the propagation length - linearly proportional and quadratic, but also the length exponent may continuously vary from 1 to 2 (for the classical phase-matching), including the so-called Cerenkov peak region, where the length exponent is equal to 3/2.
Efficient Robot Motion Planning Using Bidirectional-Unidirectional RRT Extend Function (2021)

In this article, based on the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT), we propose a novel and efficient motion planning algorithm using bidirectional RRT search. First, a RRT extend function is used to organize the sampled states under kinodynamic constraints. Meanwhile, the bidirectional search strategy is implemented to grow a forward tree and backward tree simultaneously in the tree extension process. When these two trees meet each other, the backward tree will act as a heuristic to guide the forward tree to continuously grow toward the goal state, where the algorithm switches to unidirectional search mode. Therefore, the two-point boundary value problem (BVP) in the connection process is avoided, and the extension process gets much accelerated. We also prove that probabilistic completeness is guaranteed. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs much better than the state-of-the-art algorithms in different environments. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —The motivation of this work is to develop an efficient sampling-based motion planning algorithm for mobile robots. Conventional sampling-based algorithms are time-consuming to find a feasible solution under differential constraints. When applying bidirectional search strategy to improve them, the complex 2-point BVP is required to solve. In this article, the backward free is regarded as a heuristic to guide the tree growth. On the one hand, the advantage of bidirectional search is retained. On the other hand, the 2-point BVP is avoided. Therefore, the bidirectional-unidirectional technique can achieve efficient robot motion planning. The proposed algorithm can be extended to other specified sampling-based algorithms to further improve their performance. Besides, it can be also applied to autonomous driving, service robot and medical robots to achieve efficient motion planning.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Various Patterns in an Extended Pattern Search Layout Algorithm (2000)

Abstract Automated synthesis of product layout has the potential of substantially reducing design cycle time while allowing for quick check of interference, clearance, scale and fit prior to the building of physical prototypes. The search for optimal positions and orientations of parts in the layout typically requires a huge number of iterations. An extended pattern search layout algorithm based on coordinate search was introduced in an earlier paper and shown one-to-two orders of magnitude improvement in speed over a robust simulated annealing-based layout algorithm. Coordinate search is a simple and straightforward way of implementing the pattern search method in the layout problem. However, it is not taking advantage of the wide variety of heuristics admissible in pattern search methods for identifying promising search directions. By introducing various search patterns and exploring their effectiveness in the layout problem, we will address the question of whether complex tactics can do better than the basic coordinate pattern search. We present in this paper four different heuristics for generating pattern directions in the extended pattern search layout algorithm: the conjugate direction method, the modified gradient method, the rank ordering method, and the simplex method. These heuristics are utilized to identify promising search directions and update the set of pattern directions used in the algorithm over iterations. The performance of the different heuristics is compared to that of the basic coordinate pattern search layout approach.