gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue Engineering Bone Using Autologous Progenitor Cells in the Peritoneum (2014)

Despite intensive research efforts, there remains a need for novel methods to improve the ossification of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Based on a common phenomenon and known pathological conditions of peritoneal membrane ossification following peritoneal dialysis, we have explored the possibility of regenerating ossified tissue in the peritoneum. Interestingly, in addition to inflammatory cells, we discovered a large number of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the peritoneal lavage fluid from mice with peritoneal catheter implants. The osteogenic potential of these peritoneal progenitor cells was demonstrated by their ability to easily infiltrate decalcified bone implants, produce osteocalcin and form mineralized bone in 8 weeks. Additionally, when poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (a known osteogenic differentiation agent) were implanted into the peritoneum, signs of osteogenesis were seen within 8 weeks of implantation. The results of this investigation support the concept that scaffolds containing BMP-2 can stimulate the formation of bone in the peritoneum via directed autologous stem and progenitor cell responses.
Metastable State ofEL2in GaAs (1987)

The metastable state of the $\mathrm{EL}2$ defect in GaAs is characterized by the absence of any experimentally observed defect level. We present a model of its atomic configuration, which allows a simple interpretation of this nonobservation as well as the direct and reverse transitions from the stable to this metastable state. The model consists of a split interstitial configuration of the initial stable ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{As}}_{i}$ pair. We first use simple physical arguments to show that this configuration has the required electronic properties. We then substantiate these arguments by a full calculation of the local atomic configuration and of the corresponding electronic structure.
The Effects of Nb Carbo-Nitride Precipitation Conditions on Abnormal Grain Growth in Nb Added Steels (2007)

In order to investigate the effects of Nb carbo-nitride precipitation conditions on abnormal grain growth behavior during high temperature carburizing, size of Nb carbo-nitride precipitates was controlled by precipitation treatment at 1173-1273K for 0.6-54ks, and the specimens were quasi-carburized at 1323K. Abnormal grain growth was enhanced when the size of Nb precipitates was fine or coarse, so there is a suitable size range in Nb precipitates to suppress abnormal grain growth. The reason why abnormal grain growth was enhanced is the lack of pinning force as the conventional theory proposed by Hillert or Gladman; however, it cannot be explained by this theory that small precipitates promote abnormal grain growth. It is considered that Ostwald ripening rate of precipitates is also an important factor in controlling abnormal grain growth in addition to the amount and size of precipitates and austenite grain size, which were parameters in the Gladman‘s theory on abnormal grain growth behavior.
An application of the advanced high-accuracy universal polarimeter to the chiroptical measurement of an intercalated compound K4Nb6O17 with high anisotropy (2012)

Abstract The advanced high-accuracy universal polarimeter (HAUP) method was applied to observe anisotropic and chiroptical properties of an intercalated azobenzene derivative compound into K 4 Nb 6 O 17 crystals. Prior to the HAUP measurement of the intercalated compound, we extended the HAUP method employing a conventional light source system composed of Xe or D 2 lamps and a monochromator instead of a laser system. The performance of the advanced HAUP system was evaluated and we determined the parasitic ellipticities of the cross polarizers, which are essential for obtaining accurate values. The optical system was applicable to simultaneously measure the linear dichroism (LD), circular dichroism (CD), linear birefringence (LB) and circular birefringence (CB) spectra of an intercalated compound in the ultraviolet and visible regions. We found the Kramers–Kronig relation between CB and CD as well as in the case of LB and LD. Changes in LB and LD signals as obtained from HAUP measurements originated from the molecular orientation of guest molecules by the intercalation. Moreover, CB and CD signals indicated the appearance of induced chirality in the intercalated azobenzene derivative compound. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the HAUP system for evaluating the molecular conformation of chiral anisotropic specimens.
Le Refabricant des Orbites (2011)

Received January 11, 2011, and accepted for publication, after revision, March 1, 2011. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Reprints: McKay McKinnon, MD, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1208, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail: [email protected].
Effect of pH on the Taste of Alkaline Electrolyzed Water (2007)

The pH dependence of the taste of alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) made by electrolyzing bottled mineral waters was examined by sensory evaluation. For water with a calcium concentration of 79 or 93 mg/L, the taste of AEW with a pH of 9.5 was considered better than that of the unelectrolyzed water. In contrast, for water with a calcium concentration of 10 mg/L, the taste of the unelectrolyzed water was preferred to that of AEW with a pH of 9.5. Electrolysis reduced the calcium concentrations in waters with calcium concentrations of 79 or 93 mg/L, but did not change the calcium concentration in water with a calcium concentration of 10 mg/L. Electrolysis probably improved the taste of water with a higher calcium concentration by reducing the calcium concentration; however, the effect of electrolysis on water with a calcium concentration of 10 mg/L is likely to be the result of the pH increase alone.
How to harness the performance potential of current multi-core processors (2011)

Leakage currents have put a stop to the semiconductor industry's ability to increase processor frequency in order to enhance the performance of new microprocessors. Instead, we observe a slew of changes inside the micro-architecture with an aim of enhancing the performance. Several of these changes, however, do not translate into automatic speed improvements for the software. This paper discusses the increased complexity of modern microprocessors by separating out into dimensions each feature that impacts performance and mentions briefly ways of improving software, in particular that of the High Energy Physics community, to take full advantage.
Ozonation in a wastewater reuse system: examination of products formed (2016)

Ozonation has been proposed as an oxida tion process for the removal of organic sub stances in water and wastewater. At the present time little is known about the nature of the products formed and the changes in toxicity that occur when ozonation is practiced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing ozone treatment as a polishing method and to examine the prod ucts formed during ozonation of a synthetic hospital wastewater. Ozonation is one of the unit processes in a mobile hospital wastewater direct reuse sys tem currently under development by the U. S. Army.1 The central process in the overall treatment system is a recirculating reverse os mosis (ro) unit with ultrafiltration as a pre treatment process. Since a significant amount of organic substances pass through the ro membrane, a polishing process is required for the removal of the organic carbon content of the ro effluent.
Etching of Crystalline Silicon Using Germanium Tetrafluoride (1990)

We report the etching of crystalline Si with over a range of ratios, gas pressures, and substrate temperatures. We measured the rate of etching down to substrate temperatures of 200°C. The etching appears to be controlled by a surface reaction. is highly selective for Si vs. .
Disruption of Proprotein Convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) Expression in Mice Causes Innate Immune Defects and Uncontrolled Cytokine Secretion (2012)

The proprotein convertase 1/3 is expressed in the regulated secretory pathway of neural and endocrine cells. Its major function is in the post-translational processing and activation of precursor proteins. The PC1/3 knock-out (KO) mouse model has allowed us to elucidate its physiological functions in studies focused primarily on neuroendocrine tissues. However, PC1/3 is also expressed in cells of the immune system, mainly in macrophages. The present study explores the effects of innate immune challenge in the PC1/3 KO mouse. PC1/3 KO mice have an enlarged spleen with marked disorganization of the marginal zone and red pulp. Immunohistochemical studies using various markers demonstrate a depletion of dendritic cells in PC1/3 KO spleens. When challenged with lipopolysaccharide, PC1/3 KO mice are more susceptible to septic shock than wild-type controls or other PC KO mice, such as PC2 and PC7 null mice. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were very significantly elevated in PC1/3 KO mice, consistent with a hypercytokinemia, i.e. indicative of a major systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response or cytokine storm. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from PC1/3 KO mice also demonstrate elevated cytokine secretion when treated with LPS. Electron micrographs show morphological features indicating a prolonged activation of these cells following LPS stimulation. We also present evidence that the proinflammatory T(h)1 pathway is dominant in the PC1/3 KO mouse model. We conclude that aside from its important role in neuroendocrine functions PC1/3 also has an important role in the regulation of the innate immune system, most likely through the regulation of cytokine secretion in macrophages.
Voltage sag ride-through for adjustable-speed drives with active rectifiers (1998)

Adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) trip due to voltage sags, interfering with production and resulting in financial losses. In this paper, a methodology for incorporating voltage sag ride-through in the design of ASDs with active rectifiers is presented. The magnitude of the voltage sag for which ride-through can be provided is determined by the current rating of the active rectifier and load condition of the ASD, but a sag of any duration can be compensated for.
Inhibition of Thrombin, Plasmin and Plasminogen Activation by Amidino Compounds (1970)

Summary 1. A series of amidino compounds have been investigated for their inhibitory effect on thrombin, plasmin and the streptokinase dependent activation of plasminogen. Diamidines composed of two amidinophenyl residues linked in para or meta position by a molecular bridge proved to be the strongest inhibitors known so far of the three enzyme systems, and they were much more active than amidines with a single-ring structure. 2. Of all the compounds tested, pentamidine was the most effective inhibitor of the hydrolysis of BANA by thrombin and plasmin. The Ki values were 9 × 10-6 M and 3.3 × 10-6 M, respectively. Inhibition was competitive in nature. 3. Pentamidine was the leading inhibitor of the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin and was approximately 83 times stronger, on a molar basis, than ε-aminocaproic acid. 4. Pentamidine also possessed the greatest inhibitory effect on the streptokinase-mediated activation of human plasminogen. On a molar basis pentamidine was 910 times more active than ε-aminocaproic acid. 5. In the thrombin clotting test, some amidines caused inhibition while others brought about an acceleration of the reaction. M &amp; B 4596 was the strongest inhibitor affecting 50% inhibition at a concentration of 5 × 10-6 M. 2.2’-Dibromopropamidine produced the greatest augmentation of thrombin activity, raising it 167% above the control level at a concentration of 2 × 10-4 M. 6. The caseinolytic activity of thrombin again was blocked most effectively by M &amp; B 4596. All other amidines also proved inhibitory in this assay system.
Ectopic EphA4 Receptor Induces Posterior Protrusions via FGF Signaling inXenopusEmbryos (2004)

The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases regulates numerous biological processes. To examine the biochemical and developmental contributions of specific structural motifs within Eph receptors, wild-type or mutant forms of the EphA4 receptor were ectopically expressed in developing Xenopus embryos. Wild-type EphA4 and a mutant lacking both the SAM domain and PDZ binding motif were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in vivo and catalytically active in vitro. EphA4 induced loss of cell adhesion, ventro-lateral protrusions, and severely expanded posterior structures in Xenopus embryos. Moreover, mutation of a conserved SAM domain tyrosine to phenylalanine (Y928F) enhanced the ability of EphA4 to induce these phenotypes, suggesting that the SAM domain may negatively regulate some aspects of EphA4 activity in Xenopus. Analysis of double mutants revealed that the Y928F EphA4 phenotypes were dependent on kinase activity; juxtamembrane sites of tyrosine phosphorylation and SH2 domain-binding were required for cell dissociation, but not for posterior protrusions. The induction of protrusions and expansion of posterior structures is similar to phenotypic effects observed in Xenopus embryos expressing activated FGFR1. Furthermore, the budding ectopic protrusions induced by EphA4 express FGF-8, FGFR1, and FGFR4a. In addition, antisense morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated loss of FGF-8 expression in vivo substantially reduced the phenotypic effects in EphA4Y928F expressing embryos, suggesting a connection between Eph and FGF signaling.
Introduction to symposium on ‘Patrick Suppes, economics, and economic methodology’ (2018)

Patrick Suppes was an extraordinarily wide-ranging scholar. One area of Suppes' philosophical research that has become increasingly important to scholars working in economic methodology and the philosophy of economics is his work on scientific models. Suppes' hierarchy of models seems to be particularly relevant to the relationship between theory and evidence in economics and has played an important role in the literature on economic models. In ‘Freedom and Choice in Economics,’ Adolfo Garcia de la Sienra examines the evolution of Suppes' approach to utility theory and the associated concepts of choice, freedom, and rationality. Philosophers who write about the representation of scientific theories as logical calculi then go on to say that a theory is given empirical meaning by providing interpretations or coordinating definitions for some of the primitive or defined terms of the calculus.
North Korea's Human Rights Time Bomb (2011)

As the world watches the ongoing catastrophe in Syria, state-sponsored destruction of a much quieter but no less brutal kind is afflicting North Korea. Even while the nation anticipates next year's 100th birthday of state founder and 'Eternal President' Kim Il-sung, NGOs are reporting that the country may have run out of food.
Intracerebral Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Increase in Surgically Evacuated Intracerebral Hemorrhage - an Observational Microdialysis Study (2021)

Abstract Background: Treatment options for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are limited. A possible inflammatory response in the brain tissue surrounding an ICH may exacerbate the initial injury and could be a target for treatment. Methods: In this observational study, ten patients needing surgical evacuation of supratentorial ICH received two cerebral microdialysis (MD) catheters; one in the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ), and one in non-eloquent cortex (SNX) remote from the ICH. The microdialysate was analysed for energy metabolites (including lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) and glucose) and for inflammatory mediators using a multiplex immunoassay of 27 cytokines and chemokines at 6-10 hours, 20-26 hours and 44-50 hours after surgery. Results: Deranged energy metabolic markers suggestive of a metabolic crisis were found in PHZ compared to SNX, persistent throughout the 50 hours. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13, IL-4, and VEGF-A were significantly higher in PHZ compared to SNX, most prominent at 20-26 hours following ICH evacuation. Conclusions: Higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the perihemorrhagic brain tissue suggests a role for inflammatory mediators involved in secondary injury cascades potentially exacerbating tissue injury, which may constitute a target for future medical interventions.
The effect of group size on individual behavior of bubble‐net feeding humpback whales in the southern Gulf of Maine (2022)

Abstract In many species, group foraging is a strategy used to increase the efficiency of individuals to find and exploit patchy prey. Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) are one of the few baleen whale species reported to use coordinated foraging strategies. One of these behaviors, bubble‐net feeding, has been observed in several populations, though the behaviors of individuals within these groups are largely unknown. This study used multisensor kinematic tag data from 26 whales foraging in the Southern Gulf of Maine to analyze individual bubble‐net feeding behaviors. Linear mixed effects models were used to test if there were differences in individual whales' dive behaviors across group size. The results indicate that individuals performed consistent bubble‐net feeding behaviors regardless of the size of their foraging group, except when using one specific foraging behavior, the upward spiral. Overall complexity of foraging dives, based on the three‐dimensional movements of the dive, decreased with increasing group size when group members used upward spirals. This may indicate that in larger groups, participants in coordinated feeding events need to move less and expend less energy to corral prey. This study provides new insights into the effects of group size on individual behavior and group coordination in humpback whales.
Effect of Microstructure on the Corrosion Resistance of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets (2011)

High performance Nd-Fe-B magnets can be manufactured by both sintering and hot deformation. The corrosion behaviors of the magnets prepared by the two processes were compared. Effect of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B magnets was also investigated. A neutral salt spray test (NSS) was performed for the different-processed magnets. The weight losses of the samples after the corrosion test were measured. The corrosion microstructures were observed using a scanning electron microscope. It shows that the corrosion resistance of hot deformed magnets is much better than that of the sintered ones because the grain size and the distribution of Nd-rich phases of the hot deformed magnets are much finer and more uniform than those of the sintered ones. The different microstructure between the sintered and the hot deformed magnets causes the different corrosion behavior.
Rational synthesis of superparamagnetic core–shell structured mesoporous microspheres with large pore sizes (2014)

Core–shell structured porous materials combining the functionalities of the core and shell have great application potential in various fields. Here, we report the synthesis of superparamagnetic core–shell structured microspheres which possess a core of nonporous silica-protected magnetite particle and an outer shell of ordered mesoporous silica with large pores. The synthesis adopts a co-surfactant templating approach under acidic conditions, with triblock-copolymer Pluronic P123 as a primary surfactant and a trace amount of cationic surfactant CTAB as an assistant template. The obtained magnetic mesoporous silica microspheres have uniform large pore size (4.5 nm), tuneable shell thickness (15–50 nm), high specific surface area (190–250 m2 g−1), large pore volume (0.17–0.38 cm3 g−1) and high magnetization (29.3 emu g−1). By using the obtained microspheres as an advanced magnetic absorbent, a fast, convenient, and efficient removal of large-size toxic microcystins in water solution was achieved in 60 seconds. The superparamagnetic properties and unique nanostructure enable the core–shell microspheres to be not only a novel absorbent for large size molecules, but also an ideal carrier for nanocatalysts like noble metallic nanoparticles and tools for peptide purification.
Incorporating Haptics into the Theatre of Multimodal Experience design (2021)

No abstract available.
IncreasedConcentrations of Free FatlyAcidsandGlyceroland AlteredCreatineKinaseMM lsoenzymePatternsinCertainDiabetic Patients (1979)

Wereport unusually high concentrationsof free fatty acids and glycerol in sera of patients with adult-onsetdiabetes, and the accompanyingalterations in creatine kinase isoenzyme MM patterns associated with such patients. The serumsampleswith increased free fatty acidsalsoshowed increasedelectrophoreticmovementof the MMisoenzyme on celluloseacetate membranes.Fattyacid concentrations found in such samplesaveraged9.88 ± 5.65 (SD)meq/L and the average glycerol concentration was 153 ± 115 (SD) mgIL. The serum glycerol concentrationscorrelated with thoseof the free fatty acids(r = 0.886.slope = 0.309, intercept = 4.76). When performing creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme analysis on cellulose acetate membranes by colorimetric means, we occasionally observe an enlarged clear area near the origin of sample application and an accompanying increase in the migration distance of the CK-MM isoenzyme. Serum samples exhibiting such altered CK electrophoretic patterns were extracted and were found by thin-layer chromatography to have extremely increased concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA). Subsequent quantitations by gas-chromatographic methods revealed that the FFA concentrations were much higher than previously reported and that many of the samples contained FFA concentrations exceeding the binding capacity of serum albumin. Because FFA concentrations of this magnitude have not been previously reported and because of the possible clinical implications of such data, we considered it important to expand the studies to include measurements of glycerol concentrations. The relationship between the two serum constituents, along with clinical information on the patients, forms the basis of this report. A second objective was to identify the serum substance responsible for the altered patterns for creatine kinase isoenzyme MM (CK-MM).
Bullet time using multi-viewpoint robotic camera system (2014)

The main purpose of our research was to generate the bullet time of dynamically moving subjects in 3D space or multiple shots of subjects within 3D space. In addition, we wanted to create a practical and generic bullet time system that required less time for advance preparation and generated bullet time in semi-real time after subjects had been captured that enabled sports broadcasting to be replayed. We developed a multi-viewpoint robotic camera system to achieve our purpose. A cameraman controls multi-viewpoint robotic cameras to simultaneously focus on subjects in 3D space in our system, and captures multi-viewpoint videos. Bullet time is generated from these videos in semi-real time by correcting directional control errors due to operating errors by the cameraman or mechanical control errors by robotic cameras using directional control of virtual cameras based on projective transformation. The experimental results revealed our system was able to generate bullet time for a dynamically moving player in 3D space or multiple shots of players within 3D space in volleyball, gymnastics, and basketball in just about a minute. System preparation in calibrating the cameras in advance was finished in just about five minutes. Our system was utilized in the "ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating 2013/2014, NHK Trophy" live sports program in November 2013. The bullet time of a dynamically moving skater on a large skating rink was generated in semi-real time using our system and broadcast in a replay just after the competition. Thus, we confirmed our bullet time system was more practical and generic.