Caracterización fenotípica de cerdos criollos de la región centro-sur de Paraná, Brasil (2021)

espanolPara caracterizar fenotipicamente a 55 cerdos de las comunidades tradicionales Faxinal, se midieron 24 variables: 8 morfologicas cualitativas, 16 cuantitativas / zoometricas y se determinaron 5 indices zoometricos. En la mayoria de los cerdos mostraron similitudes con los patrones morfologicos observados en las razas brasilenas Moura, Piau y Canastra. Para los datos de las variables zoometricas y los indices zoometricos se aplico analisis descriptivo y estadistico de varianza. Hubo gran variabilidad morfologica de los cerdos criollos estudiados, observandose los valores mas altos de los coeficientes de variacion para largo y ancho de rabadilla, peso vivo y largo de hocico. De los promedios obtenidos, los cerdos se clasificaron en elipometricos, mesocefalicos, alargados, concavilinos. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre Faxinal para el ancho de la rabadilla, la longitud del cuerpo, el hocico y la rabadilla, la altura de la rabadilla y la distancia interorbital, y para los indices cefalico, facial y pelvico. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre sexos para la altura a la cruz, la longitud del hocico, el perimetro de la espinilla y la distancia interorbital. Hubo una interaccion significativa del sexo Faxinal * para algunas variables zoometricas. Para las medidas corporales, las correlaciones fueron altas y significativas, siendo el perimetro toracico, el perimetro abdominal y la longitud corporal los que mejor se correlacionaron con el peso vivo. Las medidas craneales (longitud del hocico, oreja y cabeza y distancia interorbital) fueron de moderadas a bajas. Para inferir la estructura de la poblacion se aplico un modelo estadistico basado en un enfoque bayesiano segun el software Structure Harvester. Fue posible identificar tres grupos fenotipicos, corroborando los resultados de las variables cualitativas. Se deben realizar estudios de caracterizacion genetica en estas poblaciones que sirvan de base para definir acciones estrategicas para programas de conservacion y uso sostenible de estos recursos geneticos. EnglishThis research aimed to phenotypically characterize 55 pigs from traditional communities, called Faxinal With each pig, 24 variables were measured: 8 qualitative morphological, 16 quantitative / zoometric and 5 zoometric indices were determined. According to the frequency tables of the qualitative variables, it was observed that most pigs showed similarities to the morphological patterns observed in the Brazilian breeds Moura, Piau and Canastra. For the data of the zoometric variables and the zoometric indices, descriptive statistical analysis and variance analysis were applied using two different sources of variation: sex and Faxinal. There was a great morphological variability of the studied creole pigs, with the highest values of the variation coefficients observed for croup length and width, live weight and snout length. According to the averages obtained, the pigs were classified as elliptical, mesocephalic, longilinous, concavilinous. Significant differences between Faxinal were observed for croup width, body length, snout and croup, croup height and interorbital distance and cephalic, facial and pelvic indices. Significant differences between sexes were observed for withers height, snout length, shin girth and interorbital distance. There was significant between Faxinal *sex interaction for some zoometric variables, but not for the indexes. For body measurements, the correlations were high and significant, with the thoracic perimeter, abdominal perimeter and body length being the characteristics that best correlated with live weight. Cranial measurements (lengths of snout, ear and head and interorbital distance) were moderate to low. To infer the population structure, a statistical model was applied based on a bayesian approach according to the Structure Harvest software. It was possible to identify three phenotypic groupings, corroborating the results of qualitative variables. Genetic characterization studies should be carried out in these populations to serve as a basis for defining strategic actions for conservation and sustainable use of these genetic resources.