gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two independently selected capping ribozymes share similar substrate requirements (2006)

We report the isolation and characterization of a second capping ribozyme, called 6.17. This ribozyme has substrate requirements that are very similar to a previously isolated capping ribozyme called Iso6. Both ribozymes promote capping and cap exchange reactions with a broad range of nucleotide substrates. The ribozymes mediate a reaction where the terminal phosphate of the nucleotide substrate attacks the alpha-phosphate found at the ribozyme's 5' terminus. This reaction involves the release of pyrophosphate during capping or a nucleotide during cap exchange. The second-order rate constants for 6.17 and Iso6 depend strongly on the length of the phosphate group found on the nucleotide substrate. Nucleoside diphosphates or triphosphates are efficiently utilized, while monophosphates are used approximately 20-fold less efficiently by both ribozymes. These ribozymes also have rates that increase as pH is decreased. Despite these similarities, the ribozymes are not identical and 6.17 performs optimally when incubated with divalent magnesium ions, while Iso6 displays a preference for calcium ions. Further, the ribozymes have globally different secondary structures; 6.17 has a complicated pseudoknot structure consisting of five helical elements, while Iso6 likely consists of four helical elements. We hypothesize that capping proceeds via an invariant phosphate dependent mechanism that imposes a nearly identical "catalytic fingerprint" on these two distinct ribozymes.
Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in children after heart transplantation (2014)

Background It is unclear if children after heart transplantation (HTX) are at risk for developing increased myocardial fibrosis. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis can be estimated by myocardial longitudinal relaxation (T1) times. Methods Twenty cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies in 17 patients after HTX (mean age 13.2 years, range 1.2 17.4 years, 9 female) were analysed retrospectively and compared to CMR studies in nine healthy controls
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Cluster Ions, Ga[GaH3]5‐4 with a Neopentane Structure in Rb8Ga5H15 and [GaH2]n‐n with a Polyethylene Structure in Rbn(GaH2)n, Represent a New Class of Compounds with Direct Ga—Ga Bonds Mimicking Common Hydrocarbons. (2011)

Abstract The title compounds are prepared from mixtures of Ga and Rb under 5 MPa H 2 at 573 K and characterized by powder XRD and neutron powder diffraction.
Background limited infrared hot-electron transistor at 77 K (1993)

The authors report a background-limited photodetector (BLIP) infrared hot-electron transistor (IHET) with current density compatible with the read-out circuit at 77 K. To reduce J/sub D/ (dark current density), a novel GaAs/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP), in which the aluminum molar ratio of the barriers increases in three steps, has been designed. This barrier is able to suppress the dark current due to thermally assisted tunneling by providing a thicker effective when the structure is under bias. The remaining J/sub D/ is also largely eliminated by designing a bandpass filter placed adjacent to the QWIP.
Filtering and spectral characteristics of averaged auditory brain-stem response and background noise in infants (1995)

Filtering of electrode-recorded activity before averaging is used in evoked-potential measurements to reduce background noise under the assumption that unwanted spectral components will be suppressed without substantially altering neural activity. Desired filter characteristics depend on signal and noise spectra and filter choice can affect the validity and efficiency of ABR measurement. Spectral characteristics of the human auditory brain-stem response (ABR) change with subject age and state and with the level and spectrum of the stimulus. Brain-stem evoked potentials from infants comprise greater low-frequency spectral components than do adult ABRs. Physiologic noise can also change with age of the subject. This study compares the effects of 30- and 100-Hz high-pass filters on ABR amplitude and response Fsp in full-term infants. Stimuli used to elicit ABRs are moderate- and low-level clicks and 500-Hz tone bursts. Spectral characteristics of the averaged ABR and the no-stimulus background noise from full-term infants are also characterized. Results indicate that (1) energy in the infant ABR is concentrated below 100 Hz and (2) a high-pass recording filter of 30 Hz reveals a larger-amplitude ABR and enhances the overall signal-to-noise ratio as measured by Fsp as compared to a 100-Hz high pass.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—development of PET and SPECT imaging agents, Session 18, Thursday, June 18, 2009 (2010)

Abstract The theme of this session was labelling molecules with short‐lived radioisotopes. Descriptions of the preparation of ligands of both small and large molecules were presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Postpartum Granulomatous Hypophysitis: A Case Study, Review of the Literature, and Discussion of Pathogenesis (2016)

Hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland that has three main histologic subtypes: lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH), granulomatous hypophysitis (GH), and xanthomatous hypophysitis (XH). Among these, LH is the most common and is strongly associated with the postpartum state, while XH is the least common. Many hypophysitis cases have been reported in the literature but only a few cases of postpartum GH have been discussed. Here, we describe a case of GH in a 24-year-old female presenting eleven days postpartum. We also review the current literature on postpartum GH and discuss the possible alterations in the immune environment during and after pregnancy that could explain this phenomenon. With more cases of GH being reported, the commonalities of female predominance, postpartum time of presentation, and occasional spontaneous resolution between LH and GH lend support to the theory that these two diseases likely represent spectrums of a single immunologic disorder.
Dynamic nuclear polarization polarizer for sterile use intent (2011)

A novel polarizer based on the dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method has been designed, built and tested. The polarizer differs from those previously described by being designed with sterile use intent and being compatible with clinical use. The main features are: (1) an integral, disposable fluid path containing all pharmaceuticals constituting a sterile barrier, (2) a closed-cycle cryogenic system designed to eliminate consumption of liquid cryogens and (3) multi-sample polarization to increase throughput. The fluid path consists of a vial with the agent to be polarized, a pair of concentric inlet and outlet tubes connected to a syringe with dissolution medium and a receiver, respectively. The fluid path can operate at up to 400 K and 2.0 MPa and generates volumes as high as 100 mL. An inline filter removes the amount of electron paramagnetic agent in the final product by more than 100-fold in the case of [1-(13)C]pyruvate. The system uses a sorption pump in conjunction with a conventional cryocooler. The system operates through cycles of pumping to low temperature and regeneration of the sorption pump. The magnet accommodates four samples at the same time. A temperature of less than 1 K was achieved for 68 h (no sample heat loads) with a liquid helium volume of 2.4 L. The regeneration of the liquid helium could be achieved in less than 10 h, and the transition to cold (< 1.2 K) was achieved in less than 90 min. A solid state polarization of 36 ± 4% for [1-(13)C]pyruvic acid was obtained with only 10 mW of microwave power. The loading of a sample adds less than 50 J of heat to the helium bath by introducing the sample over 15 min. The heat load imposed on the helium bath during dissolution was less than 70 J. The measured liquid state polarization was 18 ± 2%.
Tetherin Promotes the Innate and Adaptive Cell–Mediated Immune Response against Retrovirus Infection In Vivo (2014)

Tetherin/BST-2 is a host restriction factor that could directly inhibit retroviral particle release by tethering nascent virions to the plasma membrane. However, the immunological impact of Tetherin during retrovirus infection remains unknown. We now show that Tetherin influences antiretroviral cell-mediated immune responses. In contrast to the direct antiviral effects of Tetherin, which are dependent on cell surface expression, the immunomodulatory effects are linked to the endocytosis of the molecule. Mice encoding endocytosis-competent C57BL/6 Tetherin exhibited lower viremia and pathology at 7 d postinfection with Friend retrovirus (FV) compared with mice encoding endocytosis-defective NZW/LacJ Tetherin. Notably, antiretroviral protection correlated with stronger NK cell responses. In addition, Friend retrovirus infection levels were significantly lower in wild-type C57BL/6 mice than in Tetherin knockout mice at 2 wk postinfection, and antiretroviral protection correlated with stronger NK cell and virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The results demonstrate that Tetherin acts as a modulator of the cell-mediated immune response against retrovirus infection in vivo.
Claudins: emerging targets for cancer therapy (2006)

The claudin (CLDN) family of transmembrane proteins plays a critical role in the maintenance of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions. In addition to their function in preserving the structure of tight junctions, CLDNs might also play a role in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton and in cell signalling. Interestingly, several studies have recently reported specific CLDN family members to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer types. Although their functional role in cancer progression remains unclear, the differential expression of these proteins between tumour and normal cells, in addition to their membrane localisation, makes them prime candidates for cancer therapy. Preclinical studies have shown that tumour cells overexpressing CLDNs can be successfully targeted via several approaches, including the use of anti-CLDN antibodies as well as the cytolytic enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens. Further studies are needed to determine the potential systemic toxicity of this approach considering the ubiquitous expression of CLDNs in the body, but CLDN-targeted therapeutics appear to have promise in the treatment of cancer.
Tuning quantum dot states with optical fields (2010)

The discrete states resulting from three-dimensional confinement in semiconductor quantum dots retain much of the character of their bulk-band origins, for example their angular momentum and effective mass. In addition they have many features of discrete atomic-like single particle states. Strong optical field interactions and reasonable dephasing rates make this system attractive for basic quantum optics experiments, as well as applications in quantum information sciences. However, semiconductor quantum dots have large inhomogeneous state broadens due to variations in size and shape. In addition, epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots, one of the classes in common use, rarely have ideal symmetry. Here we show how an optical technique can be used to fine-tune the transition energies of semiconductor quantum dots states and if desired restore targeted symmetry elements. This approach can be applied to establish degeneracies in biexciton-exciton decays to form discrete entangled photon pairs or to establish indistinguishability between different quantum dots.
Direct phase retrieval in double blind Fourier holography (2014)

Phase measurement is a long-standing challenge in a wide range of applications, from X-ray imaging to astrophysics and spectroscopy. While in some scenarios the phase is resolved by an interferometric measurement, in others it is reconstructed via numerical optimization, based on some a-priori knowledge about the signal. The latter commonly use iterative algorithms, and thus have to deal with their convergence, stagnation, and robustness to noise. Here we combine these two approaches and present a new scheme, termed double blind Fourier holography, providing an efficient solution to the phase problem in two dimensions, by solving a system of linear equations. We present and experimentally demonstrate our approach for the case of lens-less imaging.
Adenosine receptors in rat basophilic leukaemia cells: transductional mechanisms and effects on 5‐hydroxytryptamine release (1992)

1. The presence of adenosine receptors linked to adenylate cyclase activity and their functional role in calcium-evoked 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release was investigated in rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cells, a widely used model for studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for stimulus-secretion coupling. 2. In [3H]-5-HT-loaded cells triggered to release by the calcium ionophore A23187, a biphasic modulation of 5-HT secretion was induced by adenosine analogues, with inhibition of stimulated release at nM and potentiation at microM concentrations, suggesting the presence of adenosine receptor subtypes mediating opposite effects on calcium-dependent release. This was also confirmed by results obtained with other agents interfering with adenosine pharmacology, such as adenosine deaminase and the non-selective A1/A2 antagonist 8-phenyl-theophylline. 3. Similar biphasic dose-response curves were obtained with a variety of adenosine analogues on basal adenylate cyclase activity in RBL cells, with inhibition and stimulation of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) production at nM and microM concentrations, respectively. The rank order of potency of adenosine analogues for inhibition and stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and the involvement of G-proteins in modulation of cyclic AMP levels suggested the presence of cyclase-linked A1 high-affinity and A2-like low-affinity adenosine receptor subtypes. However, the atypical antagonism profile displayed by adenosine receptor xanthine antagonists on cyclase stimulation suggested that the A2-like receptor expressed by RBL cells might represent a novel cyclase-coupled A2 receptor subtype.4. Micromolar concentrations of adenosine analogues could also increase inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and inositol tris-phosphate formation in both unstimulated cells and in cells triggered to release by the calcium ionophore. The stimulation was constant, small and additive to that exerted by the calcium ionophore.5. It is concluded that RBL cells express both A1 and A2-like adenosine receptors which exert opposite effects on 5-HT release and intracellular cyclic AMP levels. However, besides modulation of cyclic AMP levels, additional transduction pathways, such as modulation of phospholipase C activity, may contribute to the release response evoked by adenosine analogues in this cell-line.
Grating-assisted counter-directional resonators for on-chip mode conversion (2017)

We demonstrate a multimode device simultaneously resonant at the 1st and 2nd order modes of adjacent silicon waveguides. This device introduces design flexibility and represents an interesting alternative to traditional mode conversion devices.
[{Hg3Co(C4H6NO)6}(NO3) 2]n: A Macrobicyclic Bimetallic Chain Polymer Incorporating Deprotonated 2‐Pyrrolidone Bridges (1988)

Abstract For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892 For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.198805892
Multimodal 3D Characterisation of Carbon-based Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

Journal Article Multimodal 3D Characterisation of Carbon-based Perovskite Solar Cells Get access Jebin Jestine, Jebin Jestine Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Corresponding authors: 872955@swansea.ac.uk & r.johnston@swansea.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard E Johnston, Richard E Johnston Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Corresponding authors: 872955@swansea.ac.uk & r.johnston@swansea.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Cameron Pleydell Pearce, Cameron Pleydell Pearce Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pete Davies, Pete Davies Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trystan Watson, Trystan Watson Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Simone Meroni, Simone Meroni Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carys Worsley, Carys Worsley Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Raptis Dimitrios, Raptis Dimitrios Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tom Dunlop, Tom Dunlop Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ria Mitchell, Ria Mitchell Sheffield Tomography Centre (STC), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more Tobias Volkenandt, Tobias Volkenandt Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ben Tordoff, Ben Tordoff Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stephen Kelly, Stephen Kelly Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Pleasanton, CA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robin White, Robin White Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Pleasanton, CA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mansoureh Norouzi Rad Mansoureh Norouzi Rad Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Pleasanton, CA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 28, Issue S1, 1 August 2022, Pages 204–206, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622001684 Published: 01 August 2022
A Pathophysiologic Role for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Pemphigus Acantholysis (2020)

The pemphigus family of autoimmune bullous disorders is characterized by autoantibody binding to desmoglein 1 and/or 3 (dsg1/dsg3). In this study we show that EGF receptor (EGFR) is activated following pemphigus vulgaris (PV) IgG treatment of primary human keratinocytes and that EGFR activation is downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). Inhibition of EGFR blocked PV IgG-triggered dsg3 endocytosis, keratin intermediate filament retraction, and loss of cell-cell adhesion in vitro. Significantly, inhibiting EGFR prevented PV IgG-induced blister formation in the passive transfer mouse model of pemphigus. These data demonstrate cross-talk between dsg3 and EGFR, that this cross-talk is regulated by p38, and that EGFR is a potential therapeutic target for pemphigus. Small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies directed against EGFR are currently used to treat several types of solid tumors. This study provides the experimental rationale for investigating the use of EGFR inhibitors in pemphigus.
Static and dynamic properties of chevron uniform FLC (1993)

Abstract FLC materials which realize stable uniform state and small temperature dependence of response have been developed. The FLC materials have characteristics good enough to achieve large size and high contrast displays for practical use.
13 Beta-adrenergic receptivity in human left ventricular hypertrophy due to pressure overload (1993)

Galinier, M.; Senard, M.*; Valet, P.*; Glock, Y.; Fournial, G.; Puel, J.; Montastruc, J. L.*; Bounhoure, J. P.Author Information
A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. (1999)

Standard treatment for neoplastic meningitis requires frequent intrathecal (IT) injections of chemotherapy and is only modestly effective. DepoCyt is a sustained-release formulation of cytarabine that maintains cytotoxic concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for more than 14 days after a single 50-mg injection. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of DepoCyt versus methotrexate in patients with solid tumor neoplastic meningitis. Sixty-one patients with histologically proven cancer and positive CSF cytologies were randomized to receive IT DepoCyt (31 patients) or IT methotrexate (30 patients). Patients received up to six 50-mg doses of DepoCyt or up to sixteen 10-mg doses of methotrexate over 3 months. Treatment arms were well balanced with respect to demographic and disease-related characteristics. Responses occurred in 26% of DepoCyt-treated and 20% of methotrexate-treated patients (P = 0.76). Median survival was 105 days in the DepoCyt arm and 78 days in the methotrexate arm (log-rank P = 0.15). The DepoCyt group experienced a greater median time to neurological progression (58 versus 30 days; log-rank P = 0.007) and longer neoplastic meningitis-specific survival (log-rank P = 0.074; median meningitis-specific survival, 343 versus 98 days). Factors predictive of longer progression-free survival included absence of visible central nervous system disease on neuroimaging studies (P<0.001), longer pretreatment duration of CSF disease (P<0.001), history of intraparenchymal tumor (P<0.001), and treatment with DepoCyt (P = 0.002). The frequency and grade of adverse events were comparable between treatment arms. In patients with solid tumor neoplastic meningitis, DepoCyt produced a response rate comparable to that of methotrexate and significantly increased the time to neurological progression while offering the benefit of a less demanding dose schedule.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Total Synthesis of a New and Highly Active Analogue of Lactacystin. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.