gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of Ga1-xInxAs/Al1-yInyAs multiple quantum wells by Raman scattering (1987)

Two Ga1-xInxAs/Al1-yInyAs multiple quantum well structures are characterised using Raman spectroscopy. Raman scattering by zone folded longitudinal acoustic phonons is observed and analysed using the elastic continuum theory to determine the superlattice periods of the structures. The energies of the optical phonons in the ternary alloy layers have also been measured and their relationship to the alloy compositions is discussed.
Cyclability of tin and tin-based intermetallic compounds on carbon paper current collector-substrate (2005)

Although lithium-ion battery technology is well consolidated, research efforts have been greatly active in attempts to ameliorate the performance of these batteries. In particular, the research on negative electrodes has been not only focused on the optimization of carbonaceous materials but also on alternative materials, such as lithium-metal alloys, which are very attractive for their specific capacity. However, their high volume changes during the lithiation/delithiation processes cause materials pulverization and, consequently, loss of electrical contact among particles, determining poor cycle life. The strategies of the intermetallic compounds and of morphological conversion toward nanomaterials to buffer the volume changes, although beneficial, have been not conclusive to overcome this drawback.&#13;\nTo improve the cyclability performance of nanometric lithium-metal alloys we regarded the electrode materials as a whole with the current collector and we focused our efforts on the carbon paper (CP) as an alternative substrate-current collector to the conventional copper. The CP, with its three-dimensional interconnected conductive fibers, was able to host the metals and intermetallic materials and to guarantee a good electric contact without addition of carbon as conducting agent, providing a significantly improved cycling stability of these electrodes.&#13;\nTo get an insight into the effective role of CP on the cycling stability of lithium-metal alloy/CP electrodes we compared the electrochemical and structural behavior over repeated lithiation/delithiation cycles of different types of tin-based materials on CP such as Sn, Cu6Sn5 and Sn2Mn and the results of this study are presented and discussed in this contribution.
Microwave generation of tilted-polarizer spin torque oscillator (2009)

Microwave frequency generation in a spin torque oscillator (STO) with a tilted fixed layer magnetization is studied using numerical simulation of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski equation. The dependence of the STO free layer precession frequency on drive current is determined as a function of fixed layer tilt angle. We find that zero-field STO operation is possible for almost all tilt angles, which allow for great freedom in choosing the detailed layer structure of the STO.
Multimodal, multiplex, Raman spectroscopy of alcohol in diffuse, fluorescent media (2005)

Optical diagnostics in biological materials are hindered by fluorescence and scattering. We have developed a multimodal, multiplex, coded-aperture Raman spectrometer to detect alcohol in a lipid tissue phantom solution.
Fusion with pep-1, a cell-penetrating peptide, enhances the transmembrane ability of human epidermal growth factor (2015)

Administration of macromolecule compositions in medicine and cosmetics always exhibited low bioavailability due to the limitation of transmembrane transport. Here, human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Pep-1, the first commercial cell-penetrating peptide, in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was firstly purified with the affinity chromatography, and then the GST tag was released by TEV protease. Final purification was achieved by the ion exchange chromatography. The biological activities and the transmembrane ability of the obtained products were determined using scratch wound-healing assay, MTT analysis, and immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that both rhEGF and Pep-1-fused hEGF were soluble expressed in E. coli. The fusion of Pep-1 could markedly increase the transmembrane ability of EGF, whereas it did not interfere with the growth-stimulating and migration-promoting functions of hEGF on fibroblasts. This research provided a novel strategy for the transmembrane transport of protein-derived cosmetics or drugs.
Inkjet Printing of Narrow Conductive Tracks on Untreated Polymeric Substrates (2007)

Small conductive tracks are created by direct inkjet-printing of an ink with 30 nm silver particles onto flexible and transparent untreated polyarylate foils with a low surface energy. Lines with a diameter as narrow as 40 micrometers are obtained. After sintering, the conductivity of the obtained silver tracks is 13 to 23 % that of bulk silver. Such direct inkjet-printing may be applied in plastic electronics, where prestructuring or pretreatment of the substrate should be avoided to reduce production costs.
Advances in nucleic acid-based detection methods (1992)

Laboratory techniques based on nucleic acid methods have increased in popularity over the last decade with clinical microbiologists and other laboratory scientists who are concerned with the diagnosis of infectious agents. This increase in popularity is a result primarily of advances made in nucleic acid amplification and detection techniques. Polymerase chain reaction, the original nucleic acid amplification technique, changed the way many people viewed and used nucleic acid techniques in clinical settings. After the potential of polymerase chain reaction became apparent, other methods of nucleic acid amplification and detection were developed. These alternative nucleic acid amplification methods may become serious contenders for application to routine laboratory analyses. This review presents some background information on nucleic acid analyses that might be used in clinical and anatomical laboratories and describes some recent advances in the amplification and detection of nucleic acids.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor Release during Transient Myocardial Ischemia: A Placebo-Controlled Study in Man (1993)

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) exerts a vasodilatory effect on the coronary bed in myocardial ischemia. Besides wall stretch, ANF release can also be triggered by endothelin in experimental models. We studied the time course of ANF release and its relationship with endothelin during transient myocardial ischemia in man. Twelve patients subjected to the dipyridamole echocardiography test (DET) in a single-blind, randomly balanced, placebo-controlled setting were studied. Circulating ANF and endothelin were monitored during both dipyridamole and placebo. Dipyridamole caused left ventricular (LV) dyssynergy in 6 patients (group 1: multiple or isolated coronary artery stenosis) and acute left atrial dilation in 5 out of 6. In these 5 patients, a progressive rise of circulating ANF was found soon after LY dyssynergy, starting from time +8 min (55 ± 12 vs. 40 ± 7 at time 0 and 42 ± 8 pmol/1 time-matched placebo, p < 0.05 for both), becoming highly significantly different from + 10 min (72 ± 13 vs. 40 ± 7 at time 0 and vs. 47 ± 5 pmol/1 time-matched placebo, p < 0.01 for both) up to the end of the study (+40 min). Circulating ANF and echocardiographie parameters did not vary in the other 6 patients undergoing the DET (group 2) as well as during placebo in both groups. The DET caused heart rate and the rate-pressure products to increase to the same extent in both groups (+12 and +13%; +13 and +15%, respectively). Circulating endothelin did not vary. The consistent and long-lasting rise of circulating ANF in patients with coronary artery disease during transient myocardial ischemia indicate that ANF measurements during chest pain may be an important marker of the reduction in myocardial perfusion and LV dysfunction. Further studies will indicate if ANF may play a physiological role to attenuate anginal attacks.
High-surface-area resins derived from 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate cross-linked with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (1991)

Suspension copolymerization of 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate (glycidyl methacrylate, GMA) and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propan-1,3-diol trimethacrylate (trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, TRIM) has been performed in several solvents as porogens, i.e. cyclohexanol–dodecan-1-ol 9/1 v/v, octan-2-one, n-butyl acetate, p-xylene, toluene, ethyl acetate, benzonitrile, cyclohexanone and dodecan-1-ol. The GMA:TRIM ratio in the monomer mixture and the monomer:porogen ratio have been varied. The B.E.T. surface area, pore volume and number of unreacted carbon–carbon double bonds are strongly dependent on the solvent used. Both the B.E.T. surface area and the pore volume decrease rapidly with inceasing GMA:TRIM ratio when the cyclohexanol–dodecan-1-ol mixture is used as the porogen. In contrast, the monomer:porogen ratio hardly affects the B.E.T. surface area of the resulting copolymers. The pore volume decreases with increasing monomer:porogen ratio in the interval studied. A very large pore volume, i.e. 1.86 cm3 g–1, was found when octan-2-one was used as the porogen, with GMA:TRIM = 1:1 and monomer:porogen 1:3. Similarly a substantial B.E.T. surface area of ca. 175 m2 g–1 was achieved using the same GMA:TRIM ratio and octan-2-one as the porogen with monomer:porogen of 1:2.
Predicting look-alike and sound-alike medication errors (1997)

A model for predicting medication name confusion is described. Many medication errors are caused by look-alike and sound-alike medication names, yet few procedures exist to ensure the safety of new drug nomenclature or to identify confusingly similar names from within existing databases. In this study, three automated, quantitative measures of orthographic similarity (i.e., similarity in spelling) were identified (bigram similarity, trigram similarity, and Levenshtein distance). The relationship between orthographic similarity and the likelihood of a medication error was examined. For each measure of similarity, the frequency distribution of similarity scores for pairs of drug names previously reported to cause confusion (error pairs) was compared with the distribution of similarity scores for control pairs randomly selected from the general index of USP DI-Volume I: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Then, three parallel, unmatched case-control studies were conducted to discover whether similarity was a significant risk factor for medication errors. Finally, on the basis of the three similarity measures, tests for predicting confusion were developed and evaluated. For each similarity measure, the frequency distribution of error pairs was significantly different from that for control pairs, and orthographic similarity was a significant risk factor for medication errors. Pairs of names whose measures of similarity exceeded present thresholds were between 25 and 523 times more likely to be involved in a medication error than pairs whose similarity did not exceed these thresholds. A prognostic test that correctly identified 91% of all pairs as either errors or controls was developed. This test had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 99%. Automated measures of similarities between medication names can form the basis of highly accurate, sensitive, and specific tests of the potential for errors with look-alike and sound-alike medication names.
(InAs)2(GaAs)5 strained layer and superlattice quantum wells as electroabsorption modulators (1991)

We present, we believe for the first time, an ordered strained superlattice as a quantum well (QW) modulator in the InAs/GaAs material system. This short period strained layer superlattice (SPSLS) can replace ternary strained layered quantum wells 1 , 2 to achieve superior performance. Each QW is composed of the following SPSLS structure: two monolayers of InAs followed by five monolayers of GaAs, repeated five times, followed by another two monolayers of InAs for a well width of 111 Å. This structure confines the heavy holes while the unconfined light holes see a resonant tunneling structure. Only the heavy hole exciton is seen in the absorption spectrum (at 975 nm). Both the field and propagation direction were normal to the growth planes when electroabsorption was measured. A reflection sample (double pass) had a peak Δ R / R of 40% at 5 V. The peak in modulation depth occurred below the exciton peak, contrary to other QCSE modulators, 1 , 2 because the wave functions within the SPSLS-QW lose oscillator strength slowly. Using Δα/α as a figure of merit, at 5 V the SPSLS gave Δα/α = 1.8 compared to 1.2 for strained layered ternary quantum wells. 2
Numerical approximations to the treatment of interface roughness scattering in resonant tunnelling diodes (1998)

Current calculations for a resonant tunnelling diode which include a self-consistent Born treatment of interface roughness combined with full charge self-consistency are presented. Approximate but more computationally tractable solutions which either ignore the scattering-assisted charge or the real part of the self-energy are compared with the full solution. The coherent tunnelling calculation combined with quantum charge self-consistency provides an accurate estimate of the resonant current. To obtain the same accuracy while including interface roughness scattering for our particular device requires a treatment of both the real and the imaginary parts of the self-energy combined with a fully self-consistent treatment of the scattering-assisted charge.
Parallelization and characterization of pattern matching using GPUs (2011)

Pattern matching is a highly computationally intensive operation used in a plethora of applications. Unfortunately, due to the ever increasing storage capacity and link speeds, the amount of data that needs to be matched against a given set of patterns is growing rapidly. In this paper, we explore how the highly parallel computational capabilities of commodity graphics processing units (GPUs) can be exploited for high-speed pattern matching. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a pattern matching library running on the GPU, which can be used transparently by a wide range of applications to increase their overall performance. The library supports both string searching and regular expression matching on the NVIDIA CUDA architecture. We have also explored the performance impact of different types of memory hierarchies, and present solutions to alleviate memory congestion problems. The results of our performance evaluation using off-the-self graphics processors demonstrate that GPU-based pattern matching can reach tens of gigabits per second on different workloads.
Evidence‐based Infectious Diseases (2004)

Table of Contents. Part 1: Specific diseases. Skin and soft-tissue infections. Bone and joint infections. Infective endocarditis. Meningitis and encephalitis. Management of community-acquired pneumonia. Tuberculosis. Diarrhoea. Urinary tract infections. Sexually transmitted infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hepatitis. Influenza pandemic. Critical care. Part 2: Special populations. Infection control. Infections in neutropenic hosts. Infections in general surgery. Infections in the thermally injured patient. Infections in healthcare workers. Long term care in special populations
Patient Enrichment for Precision‐Based Cancer Clinical Trials: Using Prospective Cohort Surveillance as an Approach to Improve Clinical Trials (2018)

Technological advances have led to the identification of biomarkers and development of novel target-based therapies. While some novel therapies have improved patient outcomes, the prevalence and diversity of biomarkers and targets in patient populations, especially patients with cancer, has created a challenge for the design and performance of clinical trials. To address this challenge we propose that prospective cohort surveillance of patients may be a solution to promote clinical trial matching for patients in need.
Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator: Design Processes, Reliability Analyses Impacts, and Extended Operation Tests (2008)

NASA is currently funding an effort involving the Department of Energy (DOE), Lockheed Martin (LM), Glenn Research Center (GRC), and Sunpower (SP), Inc. to develop a high specific power Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG). GRC and SP are responsible for providing the Stirling convertor, while LM is responsible for the generator housing, controller, and system integration. GRC also provides supporting technologies for various components as well as extended operation testing, both in air and in a thermal vacuum environment. Because of the 17‐year life requirement of the ASRG, reliability considerations are the main design driver. Components such as the heater head, fasteners, magnets, and planar spring have been studied to ensure high reliability. To encompass unique design features, long lifetimes and extreme environmental conditions, both reliability analyses and qualification tests are used to support the design process. This paper presents an overview of the ASRG reliability approach and the impact of the Reliability Working Group (RWG) on the recently finished design effort. It also provides a summary of current and planned extended operation tests, specifically targeted to demonstrate long‐life capability and to support further reliability assessment. In the event of no, or minimal failures during these extended tests, a Weibayes approach will be used to create a trend of improving reliability predictions.
Characterization Of The Heat Source Distribution Of A Typical Gtaw Welding Arc (1985)

Understanding the influence of fundamental welding parameters on the distribution of the heat flux on the weld and the resulting weld bead morphology has become increasingly important with the escalating emphasis on automated control of the welding process. The arc heat source distribution at the work piece has been studied using the underside infrared signature. Arcs were struck on a thin anode section ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm in thickness. Results from both experiments and calculations suggest that the arc heat input can be readily characterized using the IR thermogram. In addition, other properties such as weld pool cooling characteristics and solidification processes can be determined using this method.
MAP3K Family Review and Correlations with Patient Survival Outcomes in Various Cancer Types (2022)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are ubiquitous in cellular signaling and are essential for proper biological functions. Disruptions in this signaling axis can lead to diseases such as the development of cancer. In this review, we discuss members of the MAP3K family and correlate their mRNA expression levels to patient survival outcomes in different cancers. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of studying the MAP3K family due to their important roles in the larger, overall MAPK pathway, relationships with cancer progression, and the understudied status of these kinases.
High Dose Rate Brachytharpy Of Rare Sites Using Surface Mould (2004)

Brachytherapy delivers highly conformal radiation dose to the desired region of interest without causing excess dose to the surrounding normal organs. Of the established brachytherapy procedures, surface mould therapy is useful in sites, which are superficially placed and easily accessible. This form of treatment has been in routine use in the treatment of hard palate, chest wall and skin tumors. At our centre, we have used this method in the treatment of rare sites such as external auditory and Bowen's disease of peri-anal region. This paper describes the technical and physical aspects involved in the treatment of these sites.
Kinetic and dynamic interaction study of zolpidem with ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole* (1998)

Coadministration of zolpidem with ketoconazole impairs zolpidem clearance and enhances its benzodiazepine-like agonist pharmacodynamic effects. Itraconazole and fluconazole had a small influence on zolpidem kinetics and dynamics. The findings are consistent with in vitro studies of differentially impaired zolpidem metabolism by azole derivatives.
Reducing the uncertainties associated with using the ASHRAE zone method for R-value calculations of metal frame walls (1995)

Several authors report the accuracy of the ASHRAE zone method of R-value calculation of metal frame walls as unsatisfactory. A series of more than 1,000 two-dimensional computer simulations was conducted for several metal frame wall configurations. Several wall design parameters, such as stud spacing, stud (depth) size, stud flange size, stud metal thickness, thermal resistance of cavity insulation, and thermal resistance of exterior sheathing, were considered during modeling. This allowed the influence of each above-mentioned designing parameter on metal frame wall thermal performance to be assessed. Wall R-values calculated by the ASHRAE zone method were compared with the results of the computer simulation. The comparison showed that the differences in the thermal calculations are caused by the metal stud zone area estimation. Based on results of finite-difference thermal modeling and regression analysis, a new, more precise technique of estimating zones of thermal anomalies caused by metal studs for metal frame walls was developed. The effects of several wall design parameters were calculated. An improved method of R-value predictions for metal frame walls is proposed.
THE SOLITARY CIRCUMSCRIBED PULMONARY NODULE (1958)

The histories of 705 patients with solitary circumscribed pulmonary masses have been analyzed. In 294 instances the masses appeared roentgenographically to be calcified, and in their subsequent course none of these gave any evidence of malignancy. In 103 instances the masses accompanied a known extrapulmonary malignant neoplasm, and at least 86 of these proved to be metastatic. In 37 instances nodules were known to have been stable as to size for two years or more, but evidence as to their nature was incomplete. It is advisable to keep both calcified and stable nodules under observation, but the possibility that a malignant lesion is present is greater in the stable, noncalcified than in the calcified masses.
Real-time data driven deformation using kernel canonical correlation analysis (2008)

Achieving intuitive control of animated surface deformation while observing a specific style is an important but challenging task in computer graphics. Solutions to this task can find many applications in data-driven skin animation, computer puppetry, and computer games. In this paper, we present an intuitive and powerful animation interface to simultaneously control the deformation of a large number of local regions on a deformable surface with a minimal number of control points. Our method learns suitable deformation subspaces from training examples, and generate new deformations on the fly according to the movements of the control points. Our contributions include a novel deformation regression method based on kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and a Poisson-based translation solving technique for easy and fast deformation control based on examples. Our run-time algorithm can be implemented on GPUs and can achieve a few hundred frames per second even for large datasets with hundreds of training examples.