gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a highly synergistic anthelmintic combination that shows mutual hypersusceptibility (2010)

The soil-transmitted helminths or nematodes (hookworms, whipworms, and Ascaris) are roundworms that infect more than 1 billion of the poorest peoples and are leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Few anthelmintics are available for treatment, and only one is commonly used in mass drug administrations. New anthelmintics are urgently needed, and crystal (Cry) proteins made by Bacillus thuringiensis are promising new candidates. Combination drug therapies are considered the ideal treatment for infectious diseases. Surprisingly, little work has been done to define the characteristics of anthelmintic combinations. Here, by means of quantitative assays with wild-type and mutants of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, we establish a paradigm for studying anthelmintic combinations using Cry proteins and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, e.g., tribendimidine and levamisole. We find that nAChR agonists and Cry proteins, like Cry5B and Cry21A, mutually display what is known in the HIV field as hypersusceptibility--when the nematodes become resistant to either class, they become hypersensitive to the other class. Furthermore, we find that when Cry5B and nAChR agonists are combined, their activities are strongly synergistic, producing combination index values as good or better than seen with antitumor, anti-HIV, and insecticide combinations. Our study provides a powerful means by which anthelmintic combination therapies can be examined and demonstrate that the combination of nAChR agonists and Cry proteins has excellent properties and is predicted to give improved cure rates while being recalcitrant to the development of parasite resistance.
Crystalline structure-dependent growth of bimetallic nanostructures (2012)

Morphological control of multimetallic nanostructures is crucial for obtaining shape-dependent physical and chemical properties. Up to date, control of the shapes of multimetallic nanostructures has remained largely empirical. Multimetallic nanostructures have been produced mostly through seed-mediated growth. Understanding the role played by starting nanocrystal seeds can help in controlling the shape and in turn the plasmonic and catalytic properties of multimetallic nanostructures. In this work, we have studied the effect of the crystalline structure and shape of Au nanocrystal seeds on the morphology of the resultant bimetallic nanostructures. Single-crystalline Au nanorods, multiply twinned Au nanorods, and multiply twinned Au nanobipyramids were employed as the starting seeds. Both silver and palladium exhibit highly preferential growth on the side surfaces of the single-crystalline Au nanorods, giving rise to bimetallic cuboids, whereas they prefer to grow at the ends of the multiply twinned Au nanorods and nanobipyramids, giving rise to bimetallic nanorods. These results indicate that the morphology of the bimetallic nanostructures is highly dependent on the crystalline structure of the Au nanocrystal seeds. Our results will be useful for guiding the preparation of multimetallic nanostructures with desired shapes and therefore plasmonic properties for various plasmon-based applications.
Mechanically reliable scales and coatings (1995)

In many high-temperature fossil energy systems, corrosion and deleterious environmental effects arising from reactions with reactive gases and condensible products often compromise materials performance and, as a consequence, degrade operating efficiencies. Protection of materials from such reactions is best afforded by the formation of stable surface oxides (either as deposited coatings or thermally grown scales) that are slowly reacting, continuous, dense, and adherent to the substrate. However, the ability of normally brittle ceramic films and coatings to provide such protection has long been problematical, particularly for applications involving numerous or severe high-temperature thermal cycles or very aggressive (for example, sulfidizing) environments. A satisfactory understanding of how scale and coating integrity and adherence are improved by compositional, microstructural, and processing modifications is lacking. Therefore, to address this issue, the present work is intended to define the relationships between substrate characteristics (composition, microstructure, and mechanical behavior) and the structure and protective properties of deposited oxide coatings and/or thermally grown scales. Such information is crucial to the optimization of the chemical, interfacial, and mechanical properties of the protective oxides on high-temperature materials through control of processing and composition and directly supports the development of corrosion-resistant, high-temperature materials for improved energy and environmental control systems.
A Mechanism of Benzoic Acid Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria that Mirrors Fatty Acid β-Oxidation (2001)

Despite the simple structure and widespread occurrence of benzoic acid, its biosynthesis has resisted complete elucidation. However, recent studies reveal that the conversion of cinnamoyl-CoA into benzoyl-CoA (see scheme; R=Ph) can proceed by a route that resembles fatty acid β-oxidation. Feeding studies and sequence analyses show that both pathways not only proceed with the same stereochemistry, but are also mechanistically related.
Series PV Arc Fault Detection using Current Demodulation and Autocorrelation Coefficients (2022)

Traditional arc fault detection methods for series photovoltaic (PV) systems often require specific tuning of the arcing frequency detection bandwidth to avoid false alarms from switching noise of the PV inverter or even noise from the loads. This may require a priori knowledge of the PV inverter or advanced sensing features. However, this research combines using adaptation and frequency detection with current demodulation. Then advanced pink noise models of the series PV arc faults are characterized, eliminating false alarms from the inverter and other noise sources, while removing the need to know performance specification details of the inverter.
Catalytic transformations of fluids (2016)

Fluids play a very important role in processes of the chemical and physical evolution of crustal and mantle rocks. The influence of certain rocks on chemical reactions between fluid components is studied. Experimental results of the catalytic activity of serpentinite, ophitic gabbro, and lizardite–antigorite asbestos relative to vapor conversion of methane (CH4) have been obtained with the formation of syngas at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 850°C. Such transformations are assumed to be able to take place under natural conditions in fluid systems that accompany massifs of seabed ultrabasic rocks, as well as kimberlite pipes. Proceeding from the studies performed, options of the practical use of various crustal rocks as catalysts of fluid transformations have been proposed. The experimental results confirm the initial theses of the authors’ concept with respect to the role of heterogeneous–catalytic mechanisms of transformations of fluids in the Earth’s crust.
Pharmacokinetics of centhaquin citrate in a rat model (2016)

Pharmacokinetic parameters of centhaquin citrate in a large mammal have been described. A large volume of distribution and rapid elimination were observed, consistent with previous work in rats.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazo(1,2‐a)piperazines as Mechanistic Inhibitors of Serine Proteinases. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of proton and Ne irradiation on the microstructure of Zircaloy 4 (2005)

Proton irradiation at temperatures of 310 and 350°C has been explored as a method of studying radiation effects in Zircaloy 4 under power-reactor conditions. The dislocation-loop and hardness evolution are similar to those observed under neutron irradiation. Amorphization and Fe loss at Zr(Cr,Fe)2 precipitates are observed. Energy-filtered images indicate Fe accumulation in the matrix near the precipitate, a phenomenon not reported in neutron-irradiated alloys.
Nickel Ion Bombardment of Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steels: Comparison with Fast-Reactor Swelling Data (1973)

Annealed Type 304 and annealed and 20 percent cold-worked Type 316 steels have been bombarded with 5 MeV nickel ions at temperatures from 525 to 725 C (977 to 1337 F) and damage levels up to 280 dpa. The peak swelling temperatures are 150 and 115 C (270 and 207 F) higher than the peak swelling temperatures in reactor for Type 304 and 316, respectively. Swellings of over 50 volume percent have been produced in both alloys at the peak swelling temperature. Twenty percent cold-worked Type 316 does not swell appreciably less than the solution-treated material. Comparison of in-reactor and ion-produced swellings, and void sizes and void densities, indicate that the nickel ion bombardment provides an acceptable simulation of fast-reactor damage. The high-dose ion results are used to guide the extrapolation of reactor data to higher fluences, leading to predictions of over 40 percent swelling in annealed Type 304 at 2 × 1023 n/cm2 (fast) and in annealed Type 316 at 3 × 1023 n/cm2.
Constituents of Essential Oil from Rumex crispus (1983)

Composition of the essential oil of R. crispus L. was investigated. This oil was obtained by steam distillation of leaf materials from the plants growing in Higashiosaka-shi (Japan). By LC, GLC, GC-MS, IR, 60 components were identified. The principal components are 1, 2-diacetin and cis-3-hexen-1-ol.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (E)‐7‐Methyltridec‐6‐en‐1‐ol: A Comparative Study on the Stereoselective Synthesis of E‐Trisubstituted Double Bonds. (1986)

Abstract Aseries of synthetic pathways is pursued to obtain the title compound (VIII) or its precursor (VI) in a stereospecific manner.
Primary Carbide Formation in Tool Steels: Potential of Selected Laboratory Methods and Potential of Partial Premelting for the Generation of Thermodynamic Data (2022)

To predict the solidification and product properties of tool steels with complex chemical compositions, an understanding of the transformation behavior is crucial. Therefore, the quaternary Fe–C system with 10 wt% Cr and 3 wt% W (a subsystem of cold work steels, with M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 carbides) and the Fe–C system with 6 wt% W and 5 wt% Mo (simplified high‐speed steel, with M 6 C and MC carbides) are selected. The motivation for this study is to develop a methodology for the safe and fast production of model alloys and the close to equilibrium performance of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Regular diffusion annealing of as‐cast carbidic steels is time‐consuming, but with an additional heat treatment during the DSC measurement in the semisolid zone (30–50% liquid phase fraction), a status close to equilibrium can be achieved within minutes due to the high diffusion. To prove the potential of the equilibration by partial premelting in the DSC, additional equilibration and quenching experiments are performed in a Tammann furnace and investigated using a scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction analysis. By combining these methods, carbide types and the transformation temperatures can be verified to evaluate and construct complete phase diagrams.
The hyperferritinemic syndromes and CD163: a marker of macrophage activation. (2014)

F erritin is a key protein in iron metabolism. Its involvement in iron detoxification and iron storage is known, but recently, a new role in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune and autoinflammatory syndromes was hypothesized [1]. Four immune mediated conditions sharing the feature of marked hyperferritinemia have been gathered under the single term “Hyperferritinemic Syndromes” [1]. Such syndromes include macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), septic shock, and adultonset Still’s disease (AOSD). These conditions constitute the scenario of the so-called cytokine storm and share a marked hyperferritinemia as well as clinical and laboratory features. As far as we know, with regard to its structure, ferritin is composed of two different subunits, H and L, whose ratio is not fixed as it varies among several inflammatory and infectious conditions. Ferritin in spleen and liver, as well as in serum, is largely composed of L-subunits (involved in iron storage), while in heart and kidney the H-subunits (involved in iron detoxification) are predominant. Recently, an increase in the H-subunit expression, driven by different inflammatory stimuli, was demonstrated [2]. Furthermore, a possible role for ferritin in the regulation of immune response was suggested by Recalcati et al. in 2008 [3]. Indeed, the H-ferritin subunit can inhibit lymphoid and myeloid cell proliferation; and a specific ferritin receptor named TIM2, present on several immune effector cells in murine models, has been identified [4]. Ruddell et al. reported in 2009 [5] that ferritin may behave similarly to pro-inflammatory cytokines, binding to the TIM-2 receptor in hepatic cell media. In doing so it may activate the hepatic cells, inducing enhanced production of several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β. With regard to its production, ferritin synthesis is induced by several inflammatory stimuli including cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interferongamma (IFNγ), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-6. It was initially believed that the main passive source of ferritin was its leakage from damaged cells during inflammatory conditions. Ghosh et al. [6] later described an active production of ferritin L-subunit through a classical secretory pathway. More recently, Cohen et al. [7] reported the significant contribution of macrophages in ferritin production owing to the proven ability of these cells to actively secrete this protein through a non-classical secretory pathway. Such findings support the idea of active production of ferritin in the course of specific autoinflammatory conditions and, thus, a possible role other than second acute inflammatory reactant.
An Experimental Study of Local and Mean Heat Transfer in a Triangular-Sectioned Duct Rotating in the Orthogonal-Mode (1985)

Article An Experimental Study of Local and Mean Heat Transfer in a Triangular-Sectioned Duct Rotating in the Orthogonal-Mode was published on June 1, 1985 in the journal International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines (volume 2, issue 2).
An IDS First Line of Defense for Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Ad hoc networks arouse imminently an important interest within industrial and research communities. Actually, their salient features, essentially the absence of infrastructure and auto-management, promise huge applications and possibilities for wireless communication. However, the tremendous boom of these networks depends incontestably on their reliability in terms of security and quality of services (QoS). In this paper, we study the ad hoc security vulnerabilities for which cryptographic-based solutions are ineffective and which require IDS. Appropriate designed IDS services appear essential as countermeasures to those threats, where previous IDS proposals often seem to be too sophisticated in the ad hoc environment and merely ineffective. Our goal here is to provide an IDS mechanism dedicated to the OLSR protocol, fitting to its characteristics and operation, and designed to avoid its vulnerabilities. Hence, our proposed IDS represents an urgent and primary line of defense since it protects from the protocol flaws themselves avoiding a significant panoply of easily operated attacks.
Analyses of Composite Structures. (1966)

Stiffness and strength analyses on composite cross-ply and helical wound cylinders and flat laminate structures
Machine learning for extracting target electrical parameters from qualitative inverse scattering imagery (2020)

The Linear Sampling Method is an imaging technique that reconstructs target shape via a series of beamforming operations without using linear scattering assumptions. The norm of the solution is typically used to determine which pixels are inside the target support. There has not been much study of how to use the phase of the solution to aid in target identification. In this study, we explore using the solution phase to classify targets according to their electrical properties via a machine learning approach. We implement a support vector machine, apply it to imagery from simulated target data, and quantify classification accuracy.
Low dose of morphine to relieve dyspnea in acute respiratory failure (OpiDys): protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled study (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04358133 . Registered on 24 April 2020.
Autoimmunerkrankungen und Vitamin D (2023)

Zusammenfassung Die biologisch aktive Form von Vitamin D, das Secosteroidhormon 1,25(OH)2D, moduliert zahlreiche Gene des angeborenen und adaptiven Immunsystems über Regulation seines Transkriptionsfaktors Vitamin-D-Rezeptor (VDR). Der Beitrag stellt den Einfluss des Prohormons auf das Epigenom vor und den aktuellen Stellenwert in der Therapie von Autoimmunerkrankungen, z. B. Multiple Sklerose, sowie bei einer Vitamin-D-Resistenz.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of cDNAS Encoding the Human Interleukin-2 Receptor (1985)

We have identified cDNAs encoding the human interleu- kin-2 (IL-2) receptor from a cDNA library constructed from HUT-102B2 cell mRNA, and have expressed them in eukaryotic cells. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence from the DNA sequence, the IL-2 receptor is initially synthesized as a preprotein of 272 amino acids and then processed to a mature form of 251 amino acids. The protein has a very short positively charged cytoplasmic region at the carboxy end of the molecule that contains potential phosphorylation sites. The protein has two potential N-linked carbohydrate addition sites and multiple potential 0-linked carbohydrate addition sites. Although the IL-2 receptor appears to be encoded by a single structural gene, there are two distinct mRNAs that encode the protein that differ in the polyaden- ylation signal used. Further, there is evidence that alternate mRNA splicing may also occur.
Fonctions RH : politiques, métiers et outils des ressources humaines : 3e édition (2012)

Fonction ressources humaines, Gestion personnel, Gestion ressources humaines
Development of an Electrochemical Biosensor for the Rapid Detection of Cholera Toxin Based on Air Stable Lipid Films with Incorporated Ganglioside GM1 Using Graphene Electrodes (2016)

Abstract The present work describes a miniaturized potentiometric cholera toxin sensor on graphene nanosheets with incorporated lipid films. Ganglioside GM1, the natural cholera toxin receptor, immobilized on the stabilized lipid films, provided adequate selectivity for detection over a wide range of toxin concentrations, fast response time of ca. 5 min, and detection limit of 1 nM. The proposed sensor is easy to construct and exhibits good reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, long shelf life and high sensitivity of ca. 60 mV/decade of toxin concentration. The method was implemented and validated in lake water samples. This novel ultrathin film technology is currently adapted to the rapid detection of other toxins that could be used in bioterrorism.
Prevention and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis in dogs with ciprofloxacin‐loaded crosslinked high amylose starch implants (2004)

Crosslinked high amylose starch (CLHAS) matrix was used as a biodegradable drug delivery implant for the prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis. Thirty-two dogs underwent the femoral insertion of a screw inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and were then randomly assigned to four groups: (A) prevention with ciprofloxacin-CLHAS implants, (B) surgical debridement (positive control), (C) surgical debridement and oral ciprofloxacin treatment and (D) surgical debridement and treatment with ciprofloxacin-CLHAS implants. At week 4 the osteomyelitis was confirmed, the infected site debrided and respective treatments initiated for groups B, C and D. Radiographs, macroscopic evaluations, bacterial cultures and histopathological examinations were used to evaluate the femora at week 10. Femora from preventive group A were almost normal. Dogs of both ciprofloxacin treatment groups C and D showed better bone healing, less periosteal reaction and less screw mobility than dogs from group B. Eradication of infection was observed at proximal/distal sites in B: 25%/12%, C: 37%/62% and D: 62%/75%. Both ciprofloxacin treated groups improved radiographically from week 4 to week 10. Periosteal and marrow neutrophilic and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrations were less severe in groups C and D versus group B. These data suggest that biodegradable ciprofloxacin-CLHAS implants are a safe and efficient modality for the prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis.
Design and development of a thermoelectric cogeneration device integrated in autonomous gas heaters (2012)

An autonomous heat-radiating gas heater for commercial outdoor environments has been selected as a test case for implementing cogeneration in autonomous gas heaters and stoves, permitting its installation and operation without the need of a connection to the electrical network. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) was selected for this purpose[1], designed for converting an amount of the produced heat into electrical power for auxiliary (ventilation, battery recharge) or ancillary functions (high efficiency LED illumination). The design approach, the layout and structure of the TEG are discussed, as well as the constraints for its integration in the existing gas heater. Design features and main components are examined: hot side heat collector for capturing heat from the flame; thermoelectric module (TEGM) technology and model selection; natural convection heat radiator at cold side; analysis and optimization of the thermal chain; TEG's assembly and its design as a whole. A prototype has been built and tested, its functional behavior has been modeled through multi-physics numerical simulation[2] to allow for further optimization and extrapolation of the results towards larger and/or more complex designs. A patent application has been issued jointly by the authors, covering the design hereinafter described.
Current controversies in the use of selegiline hydrochloride. (1987)

Selegiline hydrochloride (-)-deprenyl is now established as a safe and valuable adjuvant therapy in the management of Parkinson's disease. About fifty per cent of patients with mild levodopa-induced fluctuations are improved by the addition of 10 mg a day of selegiline and there may be associated relief of nocturnal and early morning disabilities. This effect is usually apparent within a week of starting treatment and is sustained in the majority of responders for at least one year, after that oscillations progressively return. Compared with other anti-parkinsonian drugs this medication is relatively easy to use and has few adverse side-effects. Unlike conventional monoamine oxidase inhibitors, dietary restrictions of tyramine are unnecessary and rises in blood pressure do not occur when it is used together with L-dopa. Selegiline also has mild L-dopa sparing effects (100-200 mg per day) and it may also increase alertness, drive and motivation (Lees et al., 1977). Some of the more controversial issues relating to selegiline will be discussed in this article.