gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host Selection and Probing Behavior of the Poplar Aphid <I>Chaitophorus leucomelas</I> (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) on Two Poplar Hybrids With Contrasting Susceptibility to Aphids (2014)

Poplars are frequently attacked by aphids. The differential susceptibility of poplar hybrids to the aphid Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) has been described, but the mechanism underlying this pattern is unknown. This work tested the hypothesis that poplar resistance to this aphid is associated with the presence of volatiles and secondary plant compounds that affect host selection and feeding behavior. This hypothesis was tested by studying the host choice and feeding behavior of C. leucomelas on two poplar hybrids with contrasting susceptibilities to this aphid ([Populus trichocarpa Torrey & Gray x Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall] x P. deltoides [TD x D], and [P. trichocarpa x Populus maximowiczii Henry] x [P. trichocarpa x P. maximowiczii] [TM x TM]). The results showed that C. leucomelas rejected leaves of the TM x TM hybrid and did not prefer odors from either hybrid. Electronic monitoring of the probing behavior of C. leucomelas suggested the involvement of antifeedant factors in the TM x TM hybrid. In addition, the chemical characterization of volatiles, epicuticular waxes, and internal phenols of leaves from both poplar hybrids revealed that TM x TM had a higher abundance of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, n-alkanes, and phenols. These results are discussed in terms of their contribution to poplar breeding programs aimed at enhancing insect resistance.
Psychosocial Aspects of Melanoma (1992)

Seventy-five patients with melanoma were surveyed for recent history of major stress, coping styles, and psychiatric disturbance. Recurrence of disease was strongly related to biological variables (stage and Breslow depths) but not to psychological measures. Major life stress was not related to stage, Breslow, Clark level, or estimates of lymphocytic infiltration of tumor. Coping styles were paradoxically related to major life stress such that history of major stresses was associated with greater confrontation of the melanoma diagnosis, greater will to fight the disease, and less avoidance of its frightening aspects. Experience with fewer major life stresses was associated with a defeatist attitude characterized by an expectation of a poor prognosis and little control over outcomes. More than 50% of the sample had experienced at least one major life stress in the past 5 years. This figure is consistent with prior work and indicative of a higher than normal rate of major life stress in the years before diagnosis.
Characterisation of Small-Scale Atmospheric Wind-Field Structures Using Coherent Wind Lidar With Short Pulses (2020)

A lidar design has been developed at ONERA that uses short square pulses (75 ns) to have a small spatial resolution (22.5 m) and be able to measure small-scale atmospheric wind-field structures. Results show that the system is able to resolve the small-scale structures of vortices and to measure wind field structures of a turbulent wind field down to ~20 m.
Intracellular mechanisms of fungal space searching in microenvironments (2019)

Filamentous fungi that colonize microenvironments, such as animal or plant tissue or soil, must find optimal paths through their habitat, but the biological basis for negotiating growth in constrained environments is unknown. We used time-lapse live-cell imaging of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> in microfluidic environments to show how constraining geometries determine the intracellular processes responsible for fungal growth. We found that, if a hypha made contact with obstacles at acute angles, the Spitzenkörper (an assembly of vesicles) moved from the center of the apical dome closer to the obstacle, thus functioning as an internal gyroscope, which preserved the information regarding the initial growth direction. Additionally, the off-axis trajectory of the Spitzenkörper was tracked by microtubules exhibiting "cutting corner" patterns. By contrast, if a hypha made contact with an obstacle at near-orthogonal incidence, the directional memory was lost, due to the temporary collapse of the Spitzenkörper-microtubule system, followed by the formation of two "daughter" hyphae growing in opposite directions along the contour of the obstacle. Finally, a hypha passing a lateral opening in constraining channels continued to grow unperturbed, but a daughter hypha gradually branched into the opening and formed its own Spitzenkörper-microtubule system. These observations suggest that the Spitzenkörper-microtubule system is responsible for efficient space partitioning in microenvironments, but, in its absence during constraint-induced apical splitting and lateral branching, the directional memory is lost, and growth is driven solely by the isotropic turgor pressure. These results further our understanding of fungal growth in microenvironments relevant to environmental, industrial, and medical applications.
CORROSION PROTECTION OF STEEL TENDONS FOR GROUND ANCHORAGES (1990)

The paper reviews tendon corrosion performance highlighting the principles of protection for designers of permanent and temporary anchorages exposed to an aggressive environment. Analysis of case histories of anchorage failure by tendon corrosion showed that for post tensioned prestressing steel, corrosion is localised in the form of pitting, hydrogen embrittlement or stress corrosion cracking. No tendon type appeared to have a special immunity. Fixed anchor problems were caused by inadequate grouting of the tendon bond length. Failures in the free length were due to a variety of causes such as tendon overstressing caused by ground movement, little or no cement grout, inappropriate choice of protective material and the use of tendon after a long period of storage in an unprotected state. Quenched and tempered plain carbon steels and high strength alloy steels are more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than other varieties. It is considered that all permanent and temporary anchorages exposed to aggressive conditions should be protected. Recommendations are given on the degree of protection required which depends primarily on factors such as the consequence of failure, the environment and the cost of protection. (TRRL)
Articular Cartilage Regeneration With Autologous Marrow Aspirate and Hyaluronic Acid: An Experimental Study in a Goat Model (2009)

After arthroscopic subchondral drilling, this novel technique may result in better articular cartilage regeneration.
Nitric Oxide Triggers the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Survival Pathway in Insulin-Producing RINm5F Cells by Arousing Src to Activate Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (2004)

Mechanisms involved in the protective action of nitric oxide (NO) in insulin-producing cells are a matter of debate. We have previously shown that pharmacological inhibition of c-Src cancels the antiapoptotic action of low and sustained concentrations of exogenous NO. In this study, using insulin-producing RINm5F cells that overexpress Src either permanently active (v-Src) or dominant negative (dn-Src) forms, we determine that this tyrosine kinase is the principal mediator of the protective action of NO. We also show that Src-directed activation of insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and Bad phosphorylation conform a substantial component of the survival route because pharmacological inhibition of PI3K and Akt canceled the antiapoptotic effects of NO. Studies performed with the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT-5823 revealed that NO-dependent activation of c-Src/ insulin receptor substrate-1 is not affected by PKG activation. By contrast, Akt and Bad activation are partially dependent on PKG activation. Endogenous production of NO after overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in RINm5F cells mimics the effects produced by generation of low amounts of NO from exogenous diethylenetriamine/NO. In addition, we found that NO produces c-Src/PI3K- and PKG-dependent activation of ERK 1/2. The MAPK kinase inhibitor PD 98059 suppresses NO-dependent protection from DNA fragmentation induced by serum deprivation. The protective action of low and sustained concentration of NO is also observed in staurosporine- and Taxol-induced apoptosis. Finally, NO also protects isolated rat islets from DNA fragmentation induced by serum deprivation. These data strengthen the notion that NO production at physiological levels plays a role in protection from apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Plant gene editing through de novo induction of meristems. (2019)

Plant gene editing is usually carried out by delivering reagents such as Cas9 and sgRNAs to explants in culture.Edited cells are then induced to differentiate into whole plants by exposure to various hormones.Creating edited plants through tissue culture is often inefficient, requires considerable time, only works with limited species and genotypes and causes unintended changes to the genome and epigenome.We report methods to generate gene edited dicotyledonous plants through de novo meristem induction.Developmental regulators and gene editing reagents are delivered to somatic cells on whole plants.Meristems are induced that produce shoots with targeted DNA modifications, and gene edits are transmitted to the next generation.The de novo induction of gene edited meristems sidesteps the need for tissue culture, promising to overcome a bottleneck in plant gene-editing.
Angled etching of GaAs/AlGaAs by conventional Cl2 reactive ion etching (1988)

Angled etching of GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructures was achieved in a conventional Cl2 reactive ion etching system. A new angled holder, which has a recessed groove structure where the substrate is positioned, was used to eliminate bending of the ion trajectory around the substrate. The facet angle is accurately determined by the angle of the groove wall. Equal etching rates and smooth facets were obtained by using a load-locked system and trilevel photoresist masking. This simple dry etch process is suitable for the formation of optoelectronic integrated circuits such as surface-emitting lasers.
Analysis of the reaction mechanism and substrate specificity of haloalkane dehalogenases by sequential and structural comparisons (1999)

Haloalkane dehalogenases catalyse environmentally important dehalogenation reactions. These microbial enzymes represent objects of interest for protein engineering studies, attempting to improve their catalytic efficiency or broaden their substrate specificity towards environmental pollutants. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of haloalkane dehalogenases originating from different organisms. Protein sequences and the models of tertiary structures of haloalkane dehalogenases were compared to investigate the protein fold, reaction mechanism and substrate specificity of these enzymes. Haloalkane dehalogenases contain the structural motifs of alpha/beta-hydrolases and epoxidases within their sequences. They contain a catalytic triad with two different topological arrangements. The presence of a structurally conserved oxyanion hole suggests the two-step reaction mechanism previously described for haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10. The differences in substrate specificity of haloalkane dehalogenases originating from different species might be related to the size and geometry of an active site and its entrance and the efficiency of the transition state and halide ion stabilization by active site residues. Structurally conserved motifs identified within the sequences can be used for the design of specific primers for the experimental screening of haloalkane dehalogenases. Those amino acids which were predicted to be functionally important represent possible targets for future site-directed mutagenesis experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Quinones. Part 17. Stereospecific Photochemical Cyclization of Azidoquinone with E,E‐ and Z,Z‐Dienes. Application to the Synthesis of an Important Precursor toward Mitomycins. (1987)

Abstract Die photochemische Reaktion des Azidochinons (V) mit dem aus cis,cis‐Muconsäuremonomethylester (I) gemäß Schema hergestellten Hexadienol‐ Derivat (IIb) liefert das Indolchinon (VIa), das nach der angegebenen Reaktionsfolge in den Heterotricyclus (VII) übergeführt wird.
Theoretical study of lamb wave mode S0 of AlN membrane bridges SiO2 (2017)

The propagation of the S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> Lamb mode in AlN membrane combined with continuous and structured SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> thin films is theoretically studied with respect of the materials geometrical parameters and electrical boundaries conditions. A comparison is made in terms of the phase velocity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) between the studied structures. The results show that an optimal choose of the geometrical parameters of the structure based on SiO2 ribbons can provide a better compromise between low TCF value and resonator performances. The structure also enables an optimal configuration where the SiO2 bridges can be used as a passivation layer for IDTs which consequently is very suitable for sensors applications in harsh environments.
SECURITY ANALYSIS OF ONOS SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORK PLATFORM (2016)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) enables organizations strengthen their network architectures, reduce running costs and enable sophisticated network functions. The adoption of software defined networks by top industry players like CISCO, IBM and Ericsson implies its increased application in mainstream networks and real world applications. Security challenges in SDN networks are quite similar to the traditional networks where many attacks occur at the control layer. This issue is further escalated by the fact that information is synchronized between the data layer, which houses the network devices; and the control layer, in which the SDN controller operates. The control layer contains policies for operating the data layer, providing a single point of failure on the network as a whole. This technical report examines a number of security challenges within the control layer of ONOS SDN platform ??? an open source initiative under the Linux foundation for carrier-grade software-defined networking, which is quickly gaining popularity within the industry. In particular, we examine ONOS vulnerability Northbound and Southbound DOS and MITM attacks in a test environment and provide observation, analysis and some defensive measures.
Density-wave states of nonzero angular momentum (2000)

We study the properties of states in which particle-hole pairs of nonzero angular momentum condense. These states generalize charge- and spin-density-wave states, in which s-wave particle-hole pairs condense. We show that the p-wave spin-singlet state of this type has Peierls ordering, while the d-wave spin-singlet state is the staggered flux state. We discuss model Hamiltonians which favor p- and d-wave density-wave order. There are analogous orderings for pure spin models, which generalize spin-Peierls order. The spin-triplet density-wave states are accompanied by spin-$1$ Goldstone bosons, but these excitations do not contribute to the spin-spin correlation function. Hence they must be detected with NQR or Raman-scattering experiments. Depending on the geometry and topology of the Fermi-surface, these states may admit gapless fermionic excitations. As the Fermi-surface geometry is changed, these excitations disappear at a transition which is third order in mean-field theory. The singlet d-wave- and triplet p-wave density-wave states are separated from the corresponding superconducting states by zero-temperature $O(4)$-symmetric critical points.
Time-space-sequential distributed particle filtering with low-rate communications (2009)

We present a distributed particle filtering scheme for time-space-sequential Bayesian state estimation in wireless sensor networks. Low-rate inter-sensor communications between neighboring sensors are achieved by transmitting Gaussian mixture (GM) representations instead of particles. The GM representations are calculated using a clustering algorithm. We also propose a “look-ahead” technique for designing the proposal density used for importance sampling. Simulation results for a target tracking application demonstrate the performance of our distributed particle filter and, specifically, the advantage of the look-ahead proposal design over a conventional design.
Influence of spacer filament fineness on indentation characterizations of warp-knitted spacer fabrics for mattresses (2022)

Mattress plays an important role in the quality of human sleep, warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) is a rather important mattress material, this paper explored the indentation state of WKSFs of 20 mm thickness and 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.25 mm spacer filaments under the action of curved surface pressure by using spherical compression tests and finite element simulations, with the combination of three-dimensional and non-uniform pressure characteristics exerted on the mattress by the human body when lying down. Tests and simulations analysis would be shown in four aspects: firstly, when the spherical indenter acts on the WKSFs, the compressive stress, Indentation Force Deflection (IFD) and support factor (SF) of the WKSFs increase as the spacer filament fineness increases; secondly, the compression depth of WKSFs should be controlled within 40% when used as mattresses to obtain good compression comfort; thirdly, A warp-knitted spacer fabric with a 0.25 mm spacer filament fineness provides both comfort and pressure resistance and better meets the needs of most people for a spacer fabric for mattresses.
Weighting the relative importance of behaviors affecting gait score (2022)

This research communication evaluates experts' opinions on the importance and weights of six gait aspects. In 2016, a Qualtrics (Qualtrics LLC., Provo, Utah) survey was distributed to lameness experts. Six gait aspects - general symmetry, tracking, spine curvature, head bobbing, speed and abduction as well as adduction were included. Respondents were asked to rank the gait aspects from 1 (most important) to 6 (least important), and to indicate which weight each gait aspect should receive when assessing lameness. For each gait aspect, frequency (percentage %) was used to describe the distribution of rank, and medians as well as 25th and 75th percentiles were used to summarize assigned weights. Thirty-nine percent of respondents ranked general symmetry first, followed by 32% for tracking, and 19% ranked spine curvature third. Head bobbing ranked fourth with 10% whereas, speed, abduction and adduction were not ranked. The median, 25th and 75th percentiles weight for each gait aspect were: general symmetry (25, 15, and 30), tracking (20, 10, and 30), spine curvature (20, 10, and 21), head bobbing (15, 10, and 20), speed (10, 5, and 20), and abduction and adduction (10, 5, and 10). General symmetry and tracking were deemed the most important gait aspects. A composite gait score can be calculated based on weighted importance of different gait aspects to indicate possible lameness.
A multiple-baseline stereo (1993)

A stereo matching method that uses multiple stereo pairs with various baselines generated by a lateral displacement of a camera to obtain precise distance estimates without suffering from ambiguity is presented. Matching is performed simply by computing the sum of squared-difference (SSD) values. The SSD functions for individual stereo pairs are represented with respect to the inverse distance and are then added to produce the sum of SSDs. This resulting function is called the SSSD-in-inverse-distance. It is shown that the SSSD-in-inverse-distance function exhibits a unique and clear minimum at the correct matching position, even when the underlying intensity patterns of the scene include ambiguities or repetitive patterns. The authors first define a stereo algorithm based on the SSSD-in-inverse-distance and present a mathematical analysis to show how the algorithm can remove ambiguity and increase precision. Experimental results with real stereo images are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effective Medium of Unidirectional Short-Fiber Composites by a Self-Consistent Method (1987)

A new self-consistent method is proposed to calculate the effective stiffness of unidirectional short-fiber composites where each transversely-isotropic short-fibers is embedded in an infinite homogeneous matrix phase. The equilibrium equation for the elastic field in short-fiber composite materials is converted into an integro-differential equation using the Green’s function for a homogeneous medium. The “effective medium” is chosen in such a way that the ensemble averaged strain field for the composite is equal to that of the homogeneous medium that exhibits the same overall response as the composite. The “effective stiffness” and the “effective mass density” are defined as those properties of the effective medium. The obtained expression for the effective stiffness is new and is not symmetrical with the matrix phase and the fiber phase, thus, reflecting the matrix role more properly than previous works which gave symmetrical results. The result is also favorably compared with experimental data.
Synthetic applications of photosubstitution reactions of poly(pyridyl) complexes of ruthenium(II) (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic applications of photosubstitution reactions of poly(pyridyl) complexes of ruthenium(II)Bill Durham, Jerry L. Walsh, Charles L. Carter, and Thomas J. MeyerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 4, 860–865Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50206a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50206a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1422Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts