gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Decades of Geosynthetics in India (2015)

With the recent emphasis on infrastructure development, geosynthetics in India have received a tremendous boost. Apart from the consistent use in pavements of the east-west and north-south corridors and golden quadrilateral of the NHDP projects being executed by the NHAI, reinforced soil walls in urban flyover approaches have become common, due to their distinct advantages over conventional reinforced concrete walls. These apart, the use of high strength geotextiles and geocell mattresses for foundation of high embankments on soft soils has also proven to be feasible even in black cotton soil areas. Increasing emphasis is being given to the development and use of natural fibre (particularly, jute and coir) geotextiles for civil engineering applications. The paper traces many of these developments and summarizes the key issues to be taken note of for utilizing the vast potential geosynthetics offer, in India's march to development.
Advanced Facies Characterization in Clastic Reservoirs from the Gulf of Mexico: Integration of Quantitative Borehole Image Texture and Laminated Deposition Analysis (2020)

Abstract Wells have been drilled using non-conductive mud (NCM) in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico since before the turn of the century. Following the advent of high-quality NCM imagers, advanced image interpretation techniques have evolved to extract quantitative high-resolution facies information that enables deeper insights into reservoir heterogeneity and production ambiguity. Today’s NCM images capture very fine details of the formation as distributed around the borehole. An image spectrum analysis technique enables us to clearly identify internal-to-bedding features, including distribution of nodules and clasts. The degree of heterogeneity can be measured and computed, similar in principle to that of laboratory grain-size distribution analysis. This heterogeneity analysis technique enables the use of the visual image interpretation in more quantitative method that can be used in accurate microfacies characterization as the subsets of deepwater depositional elements. Another major development area has been the extraction of lamina and their use to characterize high-resolution deposits. This is a step forward from thin layer detection and improved net pay determination in terms of ranking such heterolithic reservoirs by the degree of laminarity and integrating that information into high-resolution stratigraphic analysis. The ability to extract such minute facies details and putting those into perspective of larger reservoir units helps in estimating reservoir extent, connectivity, and assets development.
Characterization of conical emission of light filaments in media with anomalous dispersion (2007)

Conical emission featuring a diminishing emission angle with increasing wavelength detuning is observed in ultrashort light filaments in fused silica at a carrier wavelength with anomalous dispersion. In the measured angularly resolved spectrum of the filament, this conical emission appears as an elliptical, or O-like, structure that fits quantitatively to the elliptical spectrum of gain in the Kerr-driven spatiotemporal instability of nonlinear plane waves.
Apparent Solubility and Dissolution Profile at Non-Sink Conditions as Quality Improvement Tools (2012)

Stefania Petralito1,*, Iacopo Zanardi2,*, Adriana Memoli1, M. Cristina Annesini3, Vincenzo Millucci4 and Valter Travagli2 1Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universita di Roma, 2Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Universita degli Studi di Siena, 3Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Universita di Roma, 4Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Siena, Italy
Visible-Light-Promoted Three-Component Coupling Annulation: Synthesis of 2-Iminothiazolidin-4-ones via in Situ Formed Electron Donor–Acceptor Complexes (2019)

A novel and efficient three-component coupling annulation strategy for the synthesis of 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones from amines, isothiocyanates, and alkyl acetylenedicarboxylates under visible-light irradiation conditions has been demonstrated. In this transformation, the in situ formed photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes facilitate the reaction and smoothly generate the corresponding products with a high adaptability under mild conditions. This protocol provides a cost-efficient and practical route to 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones and promotes potential applications on the synthetic drugs.
An examination of β-enolization in benzobicyclo[2.2.2], [3.2.1], and [3.2.2] ketones (1993)

Under homoenolization conditions (t-BuO − /t-BuOH/185 °C), the 3,3-dimethylbenzobicyclo[2.2.2]- and [3.2.1]octen-2-ones (7, 8) and their [3.2.2] homolog (9) each undergo β-enolate rearrangement to a single ketone. These rearrangement processes, however, are in competition with Haller–Bauer cleavage, in contrast to the behavior of bicyclo-[2.2.2]octenone, which is not cleaved under these reaction conditions, although Haller–Bauer cleavage was found as a minor process for the [3.2.1] and [3.2.2] analogs. The structures of all products were determined primarily from their 1 H and 13 C magnetic resonance spectra.
Proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves : TLC Analysis (1992)

peer reviewed
Hyaluronan Structures Synthesized by Rat Mesangial Cells in Response to Hyperglycemia Induce Monocyte Adhesion (2004)

Mesangial expansion, the principal glomerular lesion in diabetic nephropathy, is preceded by a phenotypic activation and transient proliferation of the glomerular mesangial cells and by a prominent glomerular infiltration of monocytes and macrophages. Because this infiltration seems to play a key role in the subsequent mesangial matrix expansion, we tested the response of cultures of rat mesangial cells (RMCs) for monocyte adhesion in response to hyperglycemia. Increasing the medium glucose concentration from 5.6 mm (normal) to 25.6 mm (hyperglycemic) significantly increased hyaluronan in the cell matrix, with a concurrent 3- to 4-fold increase in adhesion of U937 monocytic leukemic cells to cultures of near confluent RMCs. These responses were attributed directly to the high glucose concentration and not to increased extracellular osmolality. The monocytes primarily bind directly to hyaluronan-based structures in vitro. Abnormal deposits of hyaluronan were found in glomeruli of kidney sections from diabetic rats 1 week after streptozotocin treatment, often with closely associated monocytes/macrophages, suggesting that similar structures are relevant in vivo. The monocyte adhesion response to high glucose concentration required growth stimulation of RMCs by serum and activation of protein kinase C, and was inhibited by prior passage of the RMCs in the presence of heparin. These results suggest that the response may be cell growth state and protein kinase C-dependent. When incubated with the viral mimetic, poly I:C, in the presence of normal glucose, heparin-passaged RMCs still increased cell-associated hyaluronan and exhibited hyaluronan-mediated adhesion of monocytes, indicating that the two stimuli, high glucose and viral mimetic, induce the production of the hyaluronan structures that promote monocyte adhesion by distinctly different intracellular signaling mechanisms.
New NMR methods for the characterization of bound waters in macromolecules (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew NMR methods for the characterization of bound waters in macromoleculesRichard W. Kriwacki, R. Blake Hill, John M. Flanagan, John P. Caradonna, and James H. PrestegardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 20, 8907–8911Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00073a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00073a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mix-and-match lithography in a manufacturing environment (1992)

Fabrication of integrated circuits at subhalf micron geometries is currently feasible only using advanced lithography technologies such as direct write e-beam and x-ray systems. These systems are extremely expensive and have low effective throughputs for a production environment. A mix-and-match approach using optical steppers for noncritical levels can dramatically increase productivity and control total lithography costs. A major impact for mix- and-match lithography is the total root mean squared alignment errors between systems. Implementation of a larger overlay budget to accommodate mix-and-match errors adversely impacts design rules for submicron technologies. However, a maskless lithography tool such as direct write e-beam offers the potential to compensate for systematic errors during wafer patterning and dramatically reduce the overlay budget for those layers. At TRW, a mix-and- match scheme has been developed between a Hitachi HL-700D e-beam direct write system and a Ultratech 1500 wide field 1X stepper. A previous analysis using only the linear distortion terms between these systems was found to be inadequate to fully explain the observed overlay. In this study, both linear and higher order distortion components are extracted using a large number of distributed measurement sites in the stepper field. These distortion terms are then analyzed to determine their source. Compensation techniques including both system hardware adjustments and e-beam software are investigated to enhance registration capabilities.
Dietary fish oil diminishes the antigen presentation activity of rat dendritic cells (1997)

Rats were fed for 6 weeks on a low fat (LF) diet or on high fat diets containing safflower oil [SO; rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)] or fish oil (FO; rich in n-3 PUFAs). Lymph-borne dendritic cells (L-DC) were isolated after cannulation of the thoracic duct and were used as antigen [keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)]-presenting cells in an ex vivo assay that used KLH-sensitized spleen lymphocytes as the responder cells. FO feeding significantly diminished the antigen presentation activity of L-DC compared with L-DC from rats fed each of the other diets. The antigen presentation activity of L-DC from rats fed the SO diet was greater than that of L-DC from rats fed the LF diet. Feeding the FO diet significantly reduced both the proportion of CD2-positive L-DC and the level of CD2 expression on L-DC compared with feeding each of the other diets; the proportions of L-DC staining positive for CD40, CD18, CD54, CD11a, and MHC II were unaffected by diet. However, FO feeding reduced the level of expression of CD18, CD11a, MHC II, and CD54 on L-DC compared with feeding the other two diets; the level of expression of CD40 was unaffected by diet. This is the first study to report effects of dietary fatty acids on dendritic cells. The suppressive effect of FO feeding may account for some of the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids observed in clinical settings, such as prolonged survival of grafts and diminished chronic inflammatory responses. However, such an effect may also be detrimental because host defense toward bacterial and other antigens could be compromised.
Supplementary Table S5 from Variants in <i>WFS1</i> and Other Mendelian Deafness Genes Are Associated with Cisplatin-Associated Ototoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Proportion of variance in WFS1 expression explained by genetic effects in 11 relevant GTEx tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
Limited Hydrolysis of Polysialic Acid by Human Neuraminidase Enzymes (2021)

Regulation of sialic acids by human neuraminidase (hNEU) enzymes is important to many biological processes. Defining hNEU substrate tolerance can help to elucidate the roles of these enzymes in regulating sialosides in human health and disease. Polysialic acid (polySia) is a polyanion of α(2→8) linked sialic acids with roles in nervous, reproductive, and immune systems and is dysregulated in some malignancies and mental disorders. The unique chemical properties of this polymer, which include an enhanced susceptibility to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, have hampered its study. Herein we describe the first&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;systematic study of hNEU isoenzyme activity towards polysialic acid &lt;i&gt;in vitro.&lt;/i&gt; The experimental design allowed us to study the impact of several factors that may influence polysialic acid degradation including pH, polymer size, and the relative ionic strength of the surrounding media. We report that short chains of polysialic acid (degree of polymerization, DP 3-8) were substrates of NEU3 and NEU4 at acidic pH, but not at neutral pH. No hNEU-catalyzed hydrolysis of longer polymers (DP 10-20) was detected. These findings suggest a neuraminidase-independent mechanism for polysialic acid turnover such as internalization and degradation in endosomes and lysosomes.
Molecular Subgroup Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in a Phase 3 Study of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin with or without Erlotinib in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (2015)

This study demonstrates that KRAS mutational status might be considered a predictive biomarker for the response to erlotinib in BTCs. Additionally, the mutation status of PIK3CA may be a determinant for adding erlotinib to chemotherapy in KRAS wild-type BTCs.
Amorphous silicon photoconductive arrays for artificial neural networks (1989)

We have demonstrated an electronic implementation of an artificial neural network with 14,400 synaptic connections of variable strength using an array of a:Si:H photoconductors. This neural network has been configured as a Hopfield associative memory, and used to successfully perform simple pattern recognition. Our initial results suggested that, using these a-Si:H photoconductive arrays as the optically programmable synaptic matrix, neural networks of large sizes may be achieved. This paper describes the fabrication and device characteristics of a-Si:H photoconductive arrays as well as a model application of a neural network.
Pathways to Tumorigenesis—Modeling Mutation Acquisition in Stem Cells and Their Progeny (2008)

Most adult tissues consist of stem cells, progenitors, and mature cells, and this hierarchical architecture may play an important role in the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Here, we develop and discuss the important predictions of a simple mathematical model of cancer initiation and early progression within a hierarchically structured tissue. This work presents a model that incorporates both the sequential acquisition of phenotype altering mutations and tissue hierarchy. The model simulates the progressive effect of accumulating mutations that lead to an increase in fitness or the induction of genetic instability. A novel aspect of the model is that symmetric self-renewal, asymmetric division, and differentiation are all incorporated, and this enables the quantitative study of the effect of mutations that deregulate the normal, homeostatic stem cell division pattern. The model is also capable of predicting changes in both tissue composition and in the progression of cells along their lineage at any given time and for various sequences of mutations. Simulations predict that the specific order in which mutations are acquired is crucial for determining the pace of cancer development. Interestingly, we find that the importance of genetic stability differs significantly depending on the physiological expression of mutations related to symmetric self-renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. In particular, mutations that lead to the alteration of the stem cell division pattern or the acquisition of some degree of immortality in committed progenitors lead to an early onset of cancer and diminish the impact of genetic instability.
Caffeine delays replication fork progression and enhances homologous recombination induced in Chinese hamster cell lines by UV-irradiation (2005)

Caffeine delays replication fork progression and enhances homologous recombination induced in Chinese hamster cell lines by UV-irradiation
Data from Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Synthase Controls Tfh/Th2 Communication and Limits Tfh Antitumor Effects (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells essential in immunity and have a role in helping B cells produce antibodies against pathogens. However, their role during cancer progression remains unknown. The mechanism of action of Tfh cells remains elusive because contradictory data have been reported on their protumor or antitumor responses in human and murine tumors. Like Tfh cells, Th2 cells are also involved in humoral immunity and are regularly associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis, mainly through their secretion of IL4. Here, we showed that Tfh cells expressed hematopoietic prostaglandin D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (PGD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) synthase in a pSTAT1/pSTAT3-dependent manner. Tfh cells produced PGD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, which led to recruitment of Th2 cells via the PGD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; receptor chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th type 2 cells (CRTH2) and increased their effector functions. This cross-talk between Tfh and Th2 cells promoted IL4-dependent tumor growth. Correlation between Th2 cells, Tfh cells, and hematopoietic PGD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; synthase was observed in different human cancers and associated with outcome. This study provides evidence that Tfh/Th2 cross-talk through PGD&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; limits the antitumor effects of Tfh cells and, therefore, could serve as a therapeutic target.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Different emergence phenology of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on six varieties of grapes (2013)

The phenology of insect emergence affects reproductive success and is especially critical in short-lived species. An increasing number of studies have documented the effects of thermal and other climatic variations and of unpredictable habitats on the timing of adult insect emergence within and between populations and years. Numerous interacting factors may affect the phenology of adult emergence. Host-plant quality and availability is a key factor that has been largely neglected in studies of the phenology of phytophagous insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of host plant characteristics on the rate of larval growth and the pattern of emergence in a wild population of Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth), a significant pest in European vineyards. The phenology of emergence differed significantly among the six tested varieties of grapes. The percentage of bunches harboring pupae was similar among the different grape varieties, and the total number of pupae collected was similar to the number of emerging adults per bunch. Among the six varieties of grapes, 0-25 pupae were produced on each bunch. Each of the grape varieties had a single wave of emergence, in which males emerged before females, but their emergence phenology differed significantly in Chardonnay, Chasselas, and Pinot grapes. Both genders had extended durations of emergence in Merlot grapes. Together, the present results show that the characteristics of the grape host plant affect the emergence phenology of L. botrana.
François Joseph Jérôme Nicklès: 1. Cristalografía, isomorfismo, amalgamación y permeabilidad (2015)

Francois Joseph Jerome Nickles (1820-1869), a French chemist and pharmacist, carried on extensive research in the areas of crystallography, isomorphism, polymorphism, electromagnetism, physiology, fermentation, the theory of odor and smell, fluorine and its derivatives, etc. His results confirmed bismuth belongs to the nitrogen group, the formation of propionic acid during the fer - mentation of tartaric acid, and fluorine is present in most parts of the organism. His work on fluorine and derivatives led to his death at an early age.
Continuous clarification of grape must through flotation. (1992)

The efficiency of continuous clarification of must through flotation has been confirmed by two seasons trials carried out on different kinds of grape must. The plant particularly recommended if big daily quantities of grapes are to be processed. In fact it allows to obtain a continuous clarification of must in a very short time by means of the automatic separation of lees (10-15%). Removed solids will be subsequently sent to the vacuum filter for the final juice recovery. It has also been noted that must clearness varies according to the quantity of clarifying agents added to the must. One of the advantages of the continuous clarification process is the reduction in the yeast content thus allowing an easier fermentation with selected yeasts. Our analytical data showed an improvement of wine's features as regards polyphenols and fermentation by-product content. Wines obtained from must processed through flotation are more suitable and fruity. The results reached confirm the effectiveness of this process both from the technological and oenological point of view and leads us to foresee a wide application in the near future.
Antigenic diversity in Haemophilus ducreyi as shown by western blot (immunoblot) analysis (1992)

The antigenic diversity within a panel of 63 Haemophilus ducreyi isolates was examined by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with a pool of 238 well-characterized human antisera. When a serum pool adsorbed on a mixture of Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and H. parahaemolyticus was used, the immunoprofiles suggested that prominent antigenic proteins involved in the human immune response have apparent molecular masses of 63, 42, 34 to 30, and 28.5 to 28 kDa. Preliminary subcellular localization revealed that these antigens are associated with the cellular membrane. Two subsets of antigens were discriminated by detergent extraction. There was no evidence that the antigen composition is altered by changing the growth conditions. With a serum pool adsorbed on the Haemophilus spp. mixture supplemented with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Pasteurella ureae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Escherichia coli, antigenic determinants more specific for H. ducreyi were identified. An immunodominant 28.5- to 28-kDa protein was expressed by all H. ducreyi isolates. In the range from 34 to 30 kDa, 56 isolates revealed a dominant protein with variable molecular mass. By using both proteins (28.5 to 28 kDa and 34 to 30 kDa) as immunotypic markers, seven different immunopatterns were identified. Antigenic diversity among isolates from different geographical origins as well as from a single area was observed.