gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of IFC models towards automation of urban planning checks for building permit (2020)

To support building permit issuing with automatic digital tools, the reuse of models produced by designers would make the process quicker and more objective. However, current studies and pilots often leave a gap with respect to the models as actually provided by architects, having varying quality and content. In this study, rather than taking a top down approach, we started from the available data and made the necessary inferences, which gave the opportunity to tackle basic and common issues often preventing smooth automatic processing. Specific characteristics of the IFC models were outlined and a tool was developed to extract the necessary information from them to check representative regulations. While the case study is specific in location, regulations and input models, the type of issues encountered are a generally applicable example for automated code compliance checking. This represents a solid base for. future works towards the automation of building permits issuing.
Heterogeneity in Hip Fracture Patients: Age, Functional Status, and Comorbidity (2007)

The heterogeneous hip fracture population can be grouped into homogenous patient clusters based on prefracture characteristics. Differentially targeting services and interventions to these subgroups may improve functional status outcomes.
In vitro Study on Synergistic Interactions Between Free and Encapsulated Q-Griffithsin and Antiretrovirals Against HIV-1 Infection (2021)

This work suggests that Q-GRFT and ARV co-administration in free or encapsulated forms may improve efficacy in achieving prophylaxis.
Tips and Tricks in Transoral Robotic Surgery for Challenging Vascular Tumors (2015)

Surgical removal of head-neck vascular neoplasms may have severe complications, although surgery remains a very important treatment modality. One of the most important aspects is to avoid the rupture of the tumor's capsule and to minimize functional complications, especially in the excision of benign tumors. The transoral robotic surgery allows removing lesions in challenging anatomical areas. Furthermore, the current robotic instrumentation does not allow a fine dissection of the structures and capsule rupture is a potential event. Here, the authors describe a minimally invasive technique using transoral robotic surgery for removal of vascular tumors in head-neck. Particular attention was given to the description of the diagnostic work up, the preoperative assessment and the surgical steps. No complications were encountered postoperatively. Transoral robotic surgery for vascular tumors appears to be a safe and feasible technique with minimal complications.
Drugs and Lipid Metabolism (1973)

Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic ...Read More
Lipid management in people with peripheral artery disease (2019)

Effective methods to educate physicians and patients on best medical management are needed. Further research is needed to examine the benefit of LDL-c lowering and other lipid therapies for PAD-specific problems like abdominal aortic aneurysm progression and walking impairment. Other novel lipid therapies, such as those that lower lipoprotein (a), maybe particularly beneficial to people with PAD given the evidence indicating high concentrations in this population and the high incidence of MACE in these individuals.
Partial Necrosis on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nodules Facilitates Tumor Recurrence after Liver Transplantation (2004)

Partial necrosis was a risk factor for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation. Patients and procedures should be selected while also bearing in mind the side-effect of incomplete necrosis of the nodules.
Apparatus for Comparing Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids and Base Fluid Using Simultaneously Measured Resistance Variation Signals from Two Hot Wire Sensors (2015)

나노유체 개발 초기단계에서 기본유체 대비 제조한 나노유체의 열전도율이 얼마나 상승했는지 그 값을 정확히 비교하는 것이 중요하다. 지금까지는 기본유체와 나노유체의 열전도율을 비정상열선법으로 별도 측정한 후 수치적으로 나누어 비교하는 단순한 방법을 사용하였다. 이 때 두 유체의 열전도율 측정이 동시에 이루어지지 않고 절대측정방법의 특성상 측정시스템의 관련 수치들이 정확히 사용되지 않으면 개별 열전도율에 나타나는 오차를 피할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 비교대상인 두 유체를 동시에 사용하여 열전도율 비를 상대적으로 측정하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 기존 비정상열선법 회로를 변형한 측정회로와 데이터 처리과정을 자세히 설명하였고 엔진오일과 글리세린을 이용한 검증실험을 통하여 제시된 방법의 타당성을 검토하였다.
Expression of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in the subventricular zone and upper layers II–IV of the cerebral cortex (2004)

Little is known about how neurons in the different layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex are specified at the molecular level. Expression of two homologues of the Drosophila homeobox Cut gene, Cux-1 and Cux-2, is strikingly specific to the pyramidal neurons of the upper layers (II-IV) of the murine cortex, suggesting that they may define the molecular identity of these neurons. An antibody against Cux-1 labels the nucleus of most of the postmitotic upper layer neurons but does not label parvoalbumin-positive cortical interneurons that derive from the medial ganglionic eminence. Cux-1 and Cux-2 represent early markers of neuronal differentiation; both genes are expressed in postmitotic cortical neurons from embryonic stages to adulthood and in the proliferative regions of the developing cortex. In precursors cells, Cux-1 immunoreactivity is weak and diffuse in the cytoplasm and nucleus of ventricular zone (VZ) cells, whereas it is nuclear in the majority of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive subventricular zone (SVZ) dividing cells, suggesting that Cux-1 function is first activated in SVZ cells. Cux-2 mRNA expression is also found in the embryonic SVZ, overlapping with BrdU-positive dividing precursors, but it is not expressed in the VZ. A null mutation in Pax-6 disrupts Cux-2 expression in the SVZ and Cux-1 and Cux-2 expression in the postmigratory cortical neurons. Thus, these data support the existence of an intermediate neuronal precursor in the SVZ dedicated to the generation of upper layer neurons, marked specifically by Cux-2. The patterns of expression of Cux genes suggest potential roles as determinants of the neuronal fate of the upper cortical layer neurons.
Giant Galapagos tortoises walk without inverted pendulum mechanical-energy exchange (2005)

Animals must perform mechanical work during walking, but most conserve substantial mechanical energy via an inverted-pendulum-like mechanism of energy recovery in which fluctuations of kinetic energy (KE) and gravitational potential energy (GPE) are of similar magnitude and 180 degrees out of phase. The greatest energy recovery typically occurs at intermediate speeds. Tortoises are known for their slow speeds, which we anticipated would lead to small fluctuations in KE. To have an effective exchange of mechanical energy using the inverted-pendulum mechanism, tortoises would need to walk with only small changes in GPE corresponding to vertical center-of-mass (COM) fluctuations of < 0.5 mm. Thus, we hypothesized that giant Galapagos tortoises would not conserve substantial mechanical energy using the inverted-pendulum mechanism. We studied five adult giant Galapagos tortoises Geochelone elephantopus (mean mass=142 kg; range= 103-196 kg). Walking speed was extremely slow (0.16+/-0.052 m s(-1); mean +/- 1 s.d.). The fluctuations in kinetic energy (8.1+/-3.98 J stride(-1)) were only one-third as large as the fluctuations in gravitational potential energy (22.7+/-8.04 J stride(-1)). In addition, these energies fluctuated nearly randomly and were only sporadically out of phase. Because of the dissimilar amplitudes and inconsistent phase relationships of these energies, tortoises conserved little mechanical energy during steady walking, recovering only 29.8+/-3.77% of the mechanical energy (range=13-52%). Thus, giant Galapagos tortoises do not utilize effectively an inverted-pendulum mechanism of energy conservation. Nonetheless, the mass-specific external mechanical work required per distance (0.41+/-0.092 J kg(-1) m(-1)) was not different from most other legged animals. Other turtle species use less than half as much metabolic energy to walk as other terrestrial animals of similar mass. It is not yet known if Galapagos tortoises are economical walkers. Nevertheless, contrary to biomechanical convention, poor inverted-pendulum mechanics during walking do not necessarily correspond to high mechanical work and may not result in a high metabolic cost.
Hyaluronic acid--a versatile biopolymer. (1990)

Since its discovery from bovine synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid has found application in several diverse areas. It is now extensively used in ophthalmic surgery, in the treatment of lameness in racehorses and as an ingredient in cosmetics. It can also be used in drug delivery, orthopedics, cardiovascular aids and in wound healing. Even so, its potential as a therapeutic agent is yet to be fulfilled. New improved products, formed by crosslinking hyaluronic acid with itself or other chemicals, are being produced. Hyaluronic acid is clearly a most valuable therapeutic biopolymer. This article reviews the properties of hyaluronic acid, its biosynthetic pathway and its methods of commercial production, and provides an estimation of its current and future world demand. Experiments designed to improve production economics have been performed in our laboratory. These involved control of glucose and yeast extract concentrations and fermentation pH. Hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus was found to be lower at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.1. A new method of extending the production of hyaluronic acid by S. zooepidemicus into the stationary phase has also been achieved.
Cloning and expression of the Pst I restriction-modification system in Escherichia coli. (1981)

Here we report the cloning and preliminary characterization of the Pst I restriction-modification system of Providencia stuartii 164. Transformants of Escherichia coli carrying the Pst I gene system inserted into the cloning vector pBR322 were selected on the basis of acquired resistance to bacteriophage lambda infection. Pst I endonuclease was detected in osmotic shock fluid from each of the resistant clones. Plasmid and chromosomal DNA from these clones could not be digested by Pst I, indicating that the gene for the corresponding modification enzyme had also been cloned and was being expressed. The smallest recombinant plasmid encoding both activities, pPst201, contains an insert of approximately 4000 base pairs. In vitro transcription studies indicate that this DNA fragment also contains the endogenous promoter(s) of the system. When pPst201 was introduced into a minicell-producing strain of E. coli, two new proteins, 32,000 and 35,000 daltons, were synthesized. We have assigned these to the Pst I modification (methylase) and restriction enzymes, respectively. The active form of the restriction enzyme is a dimer, as determined by gel filtration. Constructed transformants of P. stuartii 164 that carry the Pst I system inserted into pBR322 produce approximately 10 times more Pst I endonuclease activity than does the native strain.
Developments in the Management of Spontaneous Combustion in Australian Underground Coal Mines (2014)

In 1996 the book Spontaneous Combustion in Australian Underground Coal Mines was first released (Cliff, et al., 1996). Since that time it has been reprinted several times and minor updates have been made. A major overhaul of the book was commissioned by ACARP and this paper reports on some of the changes to spontaneous combustion management that have occurred over the past eighteen years. Our knowledge of the fundamental chemical processes that control spontaneous combustion has improved materially in that time. In addition preventive control measures such as good ventilation and proactive inertisation coupled with computer modelling of goaf behaviour have emerged, as well as improved reactive control measures including the use of foams and gels to control airflow into active goafs. Mine environment monitoring techniques and technology have also undergone major development with sophisticated automated continuous gas monitoring systems being the norm in our mines and ultrafast ultra sensitive gas chromatographs being widely used. Pressure and air flow measurements are also used routinely to monitor and predict airflows not only in roadways but across seals and through goafs.
The Rho/MRTF pathway inhibitor CCG-222740 reduces stellate cell activation and modulates immune cell populations in KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice (2019)

The stromal reaction in pancreatic cancer creates a physical barrier that blocks therapeutic intervention and creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The Rho/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) pathway is implicated in the hyper-activation of fibroblasts in fibrotic diseases and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells. In this study we use CCG-222740, a small molecule, designed as a Rho/MRTF pathway inhibitor. This compound decreases the activation of stellate cells in vitro and in vivo, by reducing the levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. CCG-222740 also modulates inflammatory components of the pancreas in KC mice (LSL-Kras<sup>G12D/+</sup>; Pdx-1-Cre) stimulated with caerulein. It decreases the infiltration of macrophages and increases CD4 T cells and B cells. Analysis of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) TCGA dataset revealed a correlation between elevated RhoA, RhoC and MRTF expression and decreased survival in PDA patients. Moreover, a MRTF signature is correlated with a Th2 cell signature in human PDA tumors.
Design and fabrication of mercurous bromide acousto-optic tunable filters (2005)

Mercurous bromide crystals with very good optical transparency were grown by the physical vapor transport method. A design was developed to fabricate 10-degree orientation acousto-optic tunable filters operating in the mid and long wavelength regions. An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) was fabricated using a crystal with a 13-15 mm diameter. A theoretical tuning curve for a mercurous bromide crystal based AOTF using this design was also computed for the first time.
IL-2 signaling controls actin organization through Rho-like protein family, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase C-zeta (1997)

IL-2 and IL-4 induce proliferation of TS1 alpha beta cells. Activation of the zeta isoform of protein kinase C is an important step in IL-2-, but not IL-4-mediated proliferation. In addition, protein kinase C-zeta is implicated in IL-2-mediated actin organization. Given the established involvement of the Rho family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in organization of actin structures, we analyze the possible relationships between Rho and protein kinase C-zeta. Using the Rho-like protein family-specific toxin B from Clostridium difficile, we report in this work that IL-2, but not IL-4, induces a Rho-dependent activation of protein kinase C-zeta. This signaling event is mediated by the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In contrast, IL-4 induces a Rho-independent, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated activation of protein kinase C-zeta, but this pathway has no implications in cytoskeleton organization.
Integration of a bioMEMS device into a disposable microfluidic cartridge for medical diagnostics (2009)

A microfluidic system for cancer diagnostics based around a core MEMS biosensor technology is presented in this paper. The principle of the MEMS biosensor is introduced and the functionalisation strategy for cancer marker recognition is described. In addition, the successful packaging and integration of functional MEMS biosensor devices are reported herein. This ongoing work represents one of the first hybrid systems to integrate a PCB packaged silicon MEMS device into a disposable microfluidic cartridge.
Vapor deposition polymerization of 4-fluorostyrene and pentafluorostyrene (1999)

Solventless deposition of thin, uniform dielectric films is of considerable interest and importance in the microelectronics industry due to environmental concerns and increasing wafer sizes. This work demonstrates a solvent-free method for atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition polymerization of thin films on a variety of substrates, including silicon, molybdenum, platinum and copper. Polymerization of 4-fluorostyrene (4FS) and pentafluorostyrene (PFS) is used as a model system. Depth profiling is performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and step profilometry. Film growth is found to be independent of substrate, and proceeds with activation energies of 14±1 and 15±1 kcal/mol, respectively, for 4FS and PFS deposition between 425 and 550 K. Films are shown by gel permeation chromatography to consist of low molecular weight polymer and oligimer species (between 3 and ∼140 repeat units). Atomic force microscopy analysis of films grown by this method indicates that the root mean square thickness variation along the surface is about 2.5%.
Substrate Preferences Establish the Order of Cell Wall Assembly in Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

The Gram-positive bacterial cell wall is a large supramolecular structure and its assembly requires coordination of complex biosynthetic pathways. In the step that merges the two major biosynthetic pathways in Staphylococcus aureus cell wall assembly, conserved protein ligases attach wall teichoic acids to peptidoglycan, but the order of biosynthetic events is a longstanding question. Here, we use a chemical approach to define which of the possible peptidoglycan intermediates are substrates for wall-teichoic acid ligases, thereby establishing the order of cell wall assembly. We have developed a strategy to make defined glycan chain-length polymers of either un-cross-linked or cross-linked peptidoglycan, and we find that wall teichoic acid ligases cannot transfer wall teichoic acid precursors to the cross-linked substrates. A 1.9 Å crystal structure of a LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) family ligase in complex with a wall teichoic acid precursor defines the location of the peptidoglycan binding site as a long, narrow groove, and suggests that the basis for selectivity is steric exclusion of cross-linked peptidoglycan. Consistent with this hypothesis, we have found that chitin oligomers are good substrates for transfer, showing that LCPs do not discriminate cross-linked from un-cross-linked peptidoglycan substrates by recognizing features of the un-cross-linked stem peptide. We conclude that wall teichoic acids are coupled to un-cross-linked peptidoglycan chains at an early stage of peptidoglycan synthesis and may create marks that define the proper spacing of subsequent cross-links.
Simple and quick turnaround time fabrication process for deep submicrometer CMOS generation (1996)

Process simplification and turnaround time reduction for deep submicrometer CMOS fabrication are discussed. Process step analysis is carried out for standard 1Poly/1Metal CMOS structure, and consequently, both isolation and gate formation processes are extracted as items for process simplification. A combination of shallow trench isolation with retrograde well structure and single mask step well/gate doping technique is proposed for deep submicrometer CMOS fabrication. This simplified CMOS process can achieve a reduction of five mask steps and eliminates both well drive-in annealing and field oxidation without performance deterioration. As a result, a 10% process step reduction and a 20% manufacturing turnaround time reduction have been realized in comparison to the standard 1Poly/1Metal CMOS process with LOCOS isolation.
Operating Strategies for In-Plant Milk-Run Systems (2015)

In-plant milk-run systems are transportation systems, where materials are delivered from a central storage area to several points of use on defined routes and in short intervals. Milk-run systems generally enable frequent deliveries in smaller lot sizes with short lead times and low inventory at the points of use. In real milk-run systems, the number of deliveries per interval varies due to, e.g., variations in the production program. To enable efficient and stable milk-run system operations, these systems therefore must be able to cope with peaks in the number of deliveries. We develop different strategies for handling these delivery peaks and evaluate them with respect to delivery cost, lead time and service level using real material consumption data from two large companies from the automotive industry.
Scheduled sampling of cardiovascular parameters: how often should one collect data? (2008)

Long‐term measurement of variables such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) via telemetry in laboratory animals has become indispensable in cardiovascular physiology. Due to the significant amount of data recorded and battery life limitations many researchers use acquisition software to intermittently collect data over short time periods at scheduled time points. The question is how much data does one need to collect to accurately reflect the underlying average value? Three separate days (0000–2400) of HR, BP and integrated renal SNA data were used from each of 6 rabbits. Each day's data (collected as 2s averages) were resampled according to 60 sampling protocols to investigate both the quantity of data collected and the number of sampling periods, e.g. 4 hours sampling per day could be two 2 hour or twenty–four 10 minute periods. The error in estimating the actual mean was calculated for each sampling protocol by comparing each day's estimated mean with that calculated using the complete data set for that day. The results show that the error in estimating the daily mean of SNA using a given protocol is approximately double that of BP and HR and good estimations (&lt;2% error) can be achieved by scheduled sampling, particularly if short sampling periods are spread throughout the day. Supported by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and University of Auckland Research Committee.
Alcohol‐Enhanced Cu‐Mediated Radiofluorination (2016)

The potential of many <sup>18</sup> F-labeled (hetero)aromatics for applications in positron emission tomography remains underexplored because convenient procedures for their radiosynthesis are lacking. Consequently, simple methods to prepare radiofluorinated (hetero)arenes are highly sought after. Herein, we report the beneficial effect of primary and secondary alcohols on Cu-mediated <sup>18</sup> F-labeling. This observation contradicts the assumption that such alcohols are inappropriate solvents for aromatic fluorination. Therefore, we developed a protocol for rapid radiolabeling of an extraordinarily broad scope of boronic and stannyl substrates under general reaction conditions. Notably, radiofluorinated indoles, phenols, and anilines were synthesized directly from the corresponding unprotected precursors. Furthermore, the novel method enabled the preparation of radiofluorinated tryptophans, [<sup>18</sup> F]F-DPA, [<sup>18</sup> F]DAA1106, 6-[<sup>18</sup> F]FDA, and 6-[<sup>18</sup> F]FDOPA.
Natural Formulations: Novel Viewpoint for Scleroderma Adjunct Treatment (2021)

Natural compounds can be considered an adjunct treatment for scleroderma to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease.