gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage-Pulsed and Laser-Pulsed Atom Probe Tomography of a Multiphase High-Strength Low-Carbon Steel (2011)

The differences in artifacts associated with voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed (wavelength = 532 or 355 nm) atom-probe tomographic (APT) analyses of nanoscale precipitation in a high-strength low-carbon steel are assessed using a local-electrode atom-probe tomograph. It is found that the interfacial width of nanoscale Cu precipitates increases with increasing specimen apex temperatures induced by higher laser pulse energies (0.6-2 nJ pulse(-1) at a wavelength of 532 nm). This effect is probably due to surface diffusion of Cu atoms. Increasing the specimen apex temperature by using pulse energies up to 2 nJ pulse(-1) at a wavelength of 532 nm is also found to increase the severity of the local magnification effect for nanoscale M2C metal carbide precipitates, which is indicated by a decrease of the local atomic density inside the carbides from 68 ± 6 nm(-3) (voltage pulsing) to as small as 3.5 ± 0.8 nm(-3). Methods are proposed to solve these problems based on comparisons with the results obtained from voltage-pulsed APT experiments. Essentially, application of the Cu precipitate compositions and local atomic density of M2C metal carbide precipitates measured by voltage-pulsed APT to 532 or 355 nm wavelength laser-pulsed data permits correct quantification of precipitation.
Relationship between plasma Ara-C and intracellular Ara-CTP pools under conditions of continuous infusion and high-dose Ara-C treatment (1982)

Plasma level Ara-C and Ara-U in vivo and intracellular Ara-CTP pools in vivo and in vitro were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Plasma Ara-C during High Dose therapy was found in two phases; one, a peak at t1/2 of approximately 5-8 minutes, the other approaching that of Continuous Infusion with a t1/2 of about 6 to 8 hours. There appears to be no relationship between peak levels of plasma Ara-C and intracellular Ara-CTP formed during High Dose therapy. Intracellular Ara-CTP pools were found to be higher in peripheral blood than in bone marrow during High Dose treatment and were also higher in bone marrow of patients treated with High Dose rather than conventional dose Ara-C. In vitro experiments with various concentrations of Ara-C on patient cells prior to treatment suggest that patients may benefit from High Dose therapy when an increase in intracellular Ara-CTP occurred with higher extracellular concentrations of Ara-C. In patients with metabolically sensitive cells containing the necessary enzymes to activate Ara-C to Ara-CTP, where resistance is due to limited drug transport, High Dose therapy may prove beneficial. Conversely, in patients with no increase in Ara-CTP pools in vitro due to a depletion of activating enzymes, High Dose treatment may not be warranted. Therefore, it may be possible to determine patients most likely to benefit from High Dose chemotherapy by measuring pre-treatment in vitro intracellular Ara-CTP.
Development and Validation of a Methodology for Intracellular pH Measurements of Hybridoma Cells under Bioreactor Culture Conditions (1999)

The intracellular pH (pH(i)) is an important factor in the regulation of different cellular processes. It might therefore be used as a marker of the physiological state of cells cultivated in a bioreactor environment. We developed and validated therefore a methodology that permits a reproducible and reliable pH(i) measurement under such bioreactor culture conditions, contrary to earlier reported measurements, carried out on cells resuspended in buffers under nongrowth conditions. The hybridoma cells were sampled from the culture, stained with the pH-sensitive dye BCECF-AM (BCECF = 2',7'-bis-carboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein), and analyzed by flow cytometry. Such a measurement is perfectible to changes of the cells between the moment of sampling and of final analysis on the flow cytometer. All intermittent steps were for this reason studied in detail, either to determine the optimal conditions to be used or to characterize their influence on the final pH(i) value measured. Additional experiments were carried out, showing the representativeness of the measured pH(i) value for the pH(i) the cells possess really in the culture at the moment of sampling.
Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Database Programming Languages - Index (1995)

From the Publisher:
This booklet contains abstracts of the papers from Database Programming Languages, Gubbio 1995. The full papers are available on our World Wide Web site. To access the full papers you must have a copy of this booklet which contains the passwords you need.
Evaluating peats for their capacities to extract methyl tertiary butyl ether from contaminated water using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography (2008)

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), the most common fuel additive used to oxygenate gasoline, is being detected more frequently in drinking water supplies. This research investigates the capacities of 10 different types of highly characterized peats to extract MTBE from contaminated water. Peat samples were slurried for 24 hours under controlled conditions in aqueous solutions of MTBE. Liquid portions of the samples were analyzed for MTBE concentrations using a Solid-phase Microextraction GC/MS (SPME-GC/MS) method and were compared to samples of the MTBE solution (without peat addition) to determine the peats' MTBE sorption capacities. The SPME-GC/MS results indicate that all peats tested worked well at extracting MTBE from an aqueous solution. Although this was so, some peats tended to work better than others. The Loxahatchee Nymphaea and the Maine Sphagnum peats worked best, producing 92 and 88% MTBE reductions, respectively, while the Okefenokee Taxodium and the New York peats achieved the poorest results, producing only 50 and 47% MTBE reductions, respectively. In addition, the peats derived from herbaceous vegetation worked better than those derived from woody plants (except for the woody North Carolina peat). Overall, the peats that were the most effective at extracting MTBE from water tended to have higher hydraulic conductivities, microporosities, macroporosities, total porosities, and water holding capacities, but lower bulk densities, total ash contents, Ti contents, P contents, Si contents, K contents, Al contents, fulvic acid contents, total guaiacyl lignin contents, and total other ketones contents. Peats with higher MTBE extraction capacities also had humic acids contents that ranged between 4.6-7.1%. These results suggest that peats could be used as filtration, or sorption, media to remediate surface water or groundwater that is contaminated with MTBE. SPME-GC/MS analysis was found to be a reasonably inexpensive and efficient way to evaluate MTBE sorption capacities of peat samples.
<title>Real-time MPEG video codec on a single-chip multiprocessor</title> (1994)

We present a software implementation of a real-time MPEG video codec on the MediaStation 5000 multimedia system. Unlike other compression systems whose sole function is the encoding or decoding of video data, the MediaStation 5000 is capable of performing various real-time operations involving a wide range of multimedia data, including image, graphics, video, and even audio. This programmability is provided by Texas Instruments TMS320C80, better known as Multimedia Video Processor (MVP), which is a single-chip multiprocessing device with highly parallel internal architecture. The MVP integrates a RISC processor, four DSP-like processors, an intelligent DMA controller, video controllers, and a large amount of SRAMs onto a single chip. Since the MVP contains such a high degree of parallel features, developing the MPEG software and mapping it to the MVP requires a thorough study of the algorithms and a good understanding of the processor architecture. By exploiting the advanced features of the MVP, the MediaStation 5000 can achieve the MPEG compression and decompression of video sequences in real time.
Preparation and characterization of nanostructured Al 2 O 3 ‐13wt.%TiO 2 ceramic coatings by plasma spraying (2009)

Abstract Nanostructured and conventional Al 2 O 3 ‐13wt.%TiO 2 ceramic coatings were prepared by plasma spraying with nanostructured agglomerated and conventional powders, respectively. The microstructure and microhardness of the coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and microhardness measurement. Meanwhile, the friction and wear behaviors were analyzed and compared using a ball‐on‐disk tribometer. The results show that the conventional coating has lamellar stacking characteristic and has some pores. However, the nanostructured coating shows a bimodal microstructure, which is composed of both fully melted regions and partially melted regions. According to the microstructural difference, the partially melted regions can be divided into liquid‐phase sintered regions (a three‐dimensional net or skeleton‐like structure: Al 2 O 3 ‐rich submicron particles embedded in the TiO 2 ‐rich matrix) and solid‐phase sintered regions (remained nanoparticles). The microstructural characteristics of the liquid‐phase sintered region are formed due to the selective melting of TiO 2 nanoparticles during plasma spraying. On the other hand, the TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles of the solid‐phase sintered regions are all unmelted during plasma spraying. Due to the existence of nanostructured microstructures, the nanostructured coating has a higher microhardness, a lower friction coefficient, and a better wear resistance than the conventional coating.
Model verification of large structural systems (1977)

A methodology was formulated, and a general computer code implemented for processing sinusoidal vibration test data to simultaneously make adjustments to a prior mathematical model of a large structural system, and resolve measured response data to obtain a set of orthogonal modes representative of the test model. The derivation of estimator equations is shown along with example problems. A method for improving the prior analytic model is included.
Optimized wireless power transfer to RFID sensors via magnetic resonance (2011)

Wireless powering of sensors through the strongly coupled magnetic resonance (SCMR) method at the RFID frequency of 27.2 MHz is studied here. The proposed system comprises of two single resonant loops and two self-resonant helical coils, in contrast to the two resonant loops traditionally used in RFID systems. The system is designed using simulation software and is validated by measurements. We illustrate that this design exhibits large efficiency at the desired frequency, which is significantly larger than the efficiency achieved by two conventional RFID loops. This is due to the large quality factor of the two single resonant loops as well as the inductively coupled pair of self-resonant helices employed in this SCMR power scheme.
Wire inhomogeneity detector having a core with opposing pole pieces and guide pieces adjacent the opposing pole pieces (2023)

A device for uncovering imperfections in electrical conducting wire, particularly superconducting wire, by detecting variations in eddy currents. Eddy currents effect the magnetic field in a gap of an inductor, contained in a modified commercial ferrite core, through which the wire being tested is passed. A small increase or decrease in the amount of conductive material, such as copper, in a fixed cross section of wire will unbalance a bridge used to measure the impedance of the inductor, tripping a detector and sounding an alarm.
Electrochemical properties of Lithiated Carbons (1998)

Abstract The degree of reversible and irreversible insertion of lithium in the fibrous carbonaceous materials was estimated by charge-discharge characteristics. The electrochemical storage of lithium ions, i.e. specific capacity, widely ranged from 100 to 700 mAh/g depending on the textural properties and chemical composition of carbons. The elucidation of irreversible loss of capacity was undertaken for carbons obtained from different precursors and prepared in a wide range of temperatures. Especially, the role of heteroatoms in the process of lithium insertion was considered for carbons prepared at temperatures from 600°C to 1000°C. The value of electrochemical potentials for lithiated carbons, more or less close to the potential of metallic lithium, is influenced by the stoichiometry of the compound and the way of Li-C bonding. Some carbons pointed out a large hysteresis, i.e. a high divergence between average discharge and charge potential. The reversibility of lithium insertion was also investigated by the potentiodynamic technique.
Evidential reasoning using extended fuzzy Dempster-Shafer theory for handling various facets of information deficiency (2011)

This work investigates the problem of combining deficient evidence for the purpose of quality assessment. The main focus of the work is modeling vagueness, ambiguity, and local nonspecificity in information within a unified approach. We introduce an extended fuzzy Dempster–Shafer scheme based on the simultaneous use of fuzzy interval-grade and interval-valued belief degree (IGIB). The latter facilitates modeling of uncertainties in terms of local ignorance associated with expert knowledge, whereas the former allows for handling the lack of information on belief degree assignments. Also, generalized fuzzy sets can be readily transformed into the proposed fuzzy IGIB structure. The reasoning for quality assessment is performed by solving nonlinear optimization problems on fuzzy Dempster–Shafer paradigm for the fuzzy IGIB structure. The application of the proposed inference method is investigated by designing a reasoning scheme for water quality monitoring and validated through the experimental data available for different sampling points in a water distribution network. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Los peligros de los Ponzis: los reguladores deben actuar pronto para acabar con los esquemas de Ponzi antes de que prosperen (2010)

The TIDieR framework provided a clear systematic approach for the complete description and reporting of a complex communication intervention for people with ABI. This article comprehensively described the development and manualisation of intervention in collaboration with practicing therapists which can be used for future testing. In addition, the process undertaken has the potential to inform rehabilitation researchers in other fields on the development of complex interventions.Implications for rehabilitationThe results of this study detail the steps needed to describe an intervention, from the identification of the essential elements through to the creation of a manual and checklist to show fidelity. The process provides a starting point for other rehabilitation researchers developing complex interventions.This article provides a clear and comprehensive description of a novel intervention containing six essential elements for people with acquired brain injury presenting with communication impairments.Project-based intervention is one intervention, which intends to help improve communication skills and quality of life in people with acquired brain injury.This study highlights the important role practicing therapists can play in the creation of an intervention manual and fidelity checklist and in ensuring that sufficient detail is provided to help therapists implement the intervention into clinical practice.
Application of a Preisach-type hysteresis model to the magnetic evaluation of material degradation (2007)

Preisach-based magnetic characterization is applied as a non-destructive method to evaluate material degradation due to metal fatigue. At predetermined interruptions of the cyclic mechanical loading a set of first order symmetric and a set of second order minor magnetisation loops are measured and analysed using both the classical and the moving Preisach model. The evolution of microstructure dependent magnetic features such as the Preisach distribution function, the mean-field parameter k and the local coercive field distribution Q_{c}(h_{c}) is monitored: k increases and the peak value of Q_{c} decreases with the number of stress cycles. Moreover, for both parameters the rate of change is higher during the last 10% of the fatigue lifetime.
Analytic termination metrics for pin-to-pin lossy transmission lines with nonlinear drivers (1998)

A significant percentage of the critical nets in high-performance systems are of the pin-to-pin type. To optimally design these nets such that signal integrity is preserved, efficient analytical metrics for transmission line termination are a valuable part of a system-level designer's toolset. Using the symbolic moment-based expressions in this paper, proper termination can be determined via a single-step procedure, without any preprocessing steps and/or time-domain simulations. Driver nonlinearities and effects of nonzero rise-time are also considered in the proposed termination methodology.
Concentrated Buffalo Whey as Substrate for Probiotic Cultures and as Source of Bioactive Ingredients: A Local Circular Economy Approach towards Reuse of Wastewaters (2021)

Waste reduction and reuse is a crucial target of current research efforts. In this respect, the present study was focused on providing an example of local investment in a simple process configuration that converts whey into value-added compounds and allows recovery of a clean water stream. In particular, buffalo milk whey obtained during mozzarella manufacturing was ultrafiltered in-house on spiral membrane modules (20 kDa), and the two obtained fractions, namely the retentate and the permeate, provided by the dairy factory, were further processed during this work. The use of an additional nanofiltration step allowed the recovery of high-quality water to be reused in the production cycle (machine rinsing water within the facility) and/or in agriculture, also reducing disposal costs and the environmental impact. The ultrafiltration retentate, on the other hand, was spray-dried and the powder obtained was used as the main substrate for the cultivation of Lactobacillus fermentum, a widely studied probiotic with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cholesterol-lowering properties. In addition, the same sample was tested in vitro on a human keratinocytes model. Resuspended concentrated whey powder improved cell reparation rate in scratch assays, assisted through time-lapse video-microscopy. Overall these data support the potential of buffalo whey as a source of biologically active components and recyclable water in the frame of a local circular economy approach.
Compact Integrated Tunable Chromatic Dispersion Compensator with a 4000 ps/nm Tuning Range (2001)

A +/-2000 ps/nm continuous tuning range with low group delay ripple was demonstrated for 10 Gb/s NRZ signals using ring resonator allpass filters with diameters of 2 mm in silica-on-silicon planar waveguides.
Traversability-based Trajectory Planning with Quasi-Dynamic Vehicle Model in Loose Soil (2021)

This paper presents a framework for trajectory planning that explicitly considers robotic traversability based on a quasi-dynamic vehicle model of a mobile robot in loose soil. The quasi-dynamic model estimates the slip effect due to wheel-terrain interaction forces regardless of solving complicated multibody dynamics. Therefore, our proposed model is computationally efficient for quantifying how the robot safely traverses each trajectory segment generated by a planning algorithm. The trajectory planning in our framework exploits a sampling-based incremental search algorithm, i.e., Closed-Loop Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees (CL-RRT). In the tree extension process of the CL-RRT, the traversability assessment based on the quasi-dynamic vehicle model excludes the trajectory segment associated with a hazardous wheel slip ratio. As a result, a trajectory generated from the proposed framework is safely traversable for the robot even in high slip terrain. Simulation results show that the proposed vehicle model can run 57K times faster than the dynamic model and predict the robot motion 3 times more accurately than the kinematic model. Multiple trials of the trajectory planning simulation show that our proposed framework incorporated with the quasi-dynamic model reduces a wheel slip ratio by about 40 % as compared with the kinematic model.
Determination of Bond Dissociation Energies in Hydrogen Cyanide. Cyanogen and Cyanogen Halides by the Photodissociation Method (1968)

The photodissociation process yielding CN B 2Σ+ from various cyanogen compounds has been studied in the vacuum ultraviolet. Threshold energies of incident photon to produce the CN B 2Σ+ are measured by monitoring the fluorescence due to the transition CN B 2Σ+ − X 2Σ+. The upper bounds of bond energies can be obtained from these thresholds and the electronic energy of CN B 2Σ+. The heat of formation of CN, ΔHf0° (CN), is computed using these bond energies together with various ΔHf0°. ΔHf0° (CN) of 101 ± 1 kcal mole−1 (422 kJ mole−1) is obtained from the lowest two values measured. This value is within an estimated error in excellent agreement with the photoionization value recently obtained by Dibeler and Liston. The bond energies based on ΔHf0°(CN) = 101 kcal mole−1 for various cyanogen compounds are D(H–CN) = 120, D(Cl–CN) = 97, D(Br–CN) = 83, D(I–CN) = 73, D(NC–CN) = 128, D(C–N) = 184 all in kilocalories per mole with an over-all estimated error of ± 1 kcal mole−1. Because of the weak fluorescence intensity, no reliable bond energy was obtained for CH3CN. Other values obtained are D(F–CN) ≤ 111 kcal mole−1 and ΔHf0°(FCN) ≥ 7.4 kcal mole−1. A correlation of the dissociation process with the absorption spectrum is briefly discussed. A comparison is made of bond energies obtained by the photodissociation, photoionization, and electron-impact methods. Limitations of the photodissociation method to determine bond energies are discussed.