gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chirality-Assisted Electronic Cloaking of Confined States in Bilayer Graphene (2011)

We show that the strong coupling of pseudospin orientation and charge carrier motion in bilayer graphene has a drastic effect on transport properties of ballistic p-n-p junctions. Electronic states with zero momentum parallel to the barrier are confined under it for one pseudospin orientation, whereas states with the opposite pseudospin tunnel through the junction totally uninfluenced by the presence of confined states. We demonstrate that the junction acts as a cloak for confined states, making them nearly invisible to electrons in the outer regions over a range of incidence angles. This behavior is manifested in the two-terminal conductance as transmission resonances with non-Lorentzian, singular peak shapes. The response of these phenomena to a weak magnetic field or electric-field-induced interlayer gap can serve as an experimental fingerprint of electronic cloaking.
Multiple operand addition and multiplication (1972)

Traditionally, adders used in small- and medium-sized computers are designed to add two n-bit numbers. There are arithmetic operations which require the addition of a large number of numbers. Multiplication (division) and special function generation are such operations. In large computers, "carry save addition", which adds a group of 3 numbers and reduces their sum to a partial sum of two numbers, has been frequently used to speed up multiplication. One of these two partial sums evaluates the sum modulo 2 of bits in the same binary order; the second partial sum being composed from carries generated but not transferred. These partial sums are regrouped in triplets and enter a "carry look ahead" adder to provide the final sum. The circuit implementation is a cascade connection of full adders, and is referred to in the literature as "adder tree". The operation time is considerably reduced because carries are not transferred, although they are formed.
Orientational disorder of monomethyl-quinacridone investigated by Rietveld refinement, structure refinement to the pair distribution function and lattice-energy minimizations (2020)

The crystal structure of the organic pigment 2-monomethyl-quinacridone (Pigment Red 192, C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>14</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was solved from X-ray powder diffraction data. The resulting average structure is described in space group P\overline 1, Z = 1 with the molecule on the inversion centre. The molecules are arranged in chains. The molecules, which have no inversion symmetry, show orientational head-to-tail disorder. In the average structure, the methyl group is disordered and found on both ends of the molecule with an occupancy of 0.5 each. The disorder and the local structure were investigated using various ordered structural models. All models were analysed by three approaches: Rietveld refinement, structure refinement to the pair distribution function (PDF) and lattice-energy minimization. All refinements converged well. The Rietveld refinement provided the average structure and gave no indication of a long-range ordering. The refinement to the PDF turned out to be very sensitive to small structural details, giving insight into the local structure. The lattice-energy minimizations revealed a significantly preferred local ordering of neighbouring molecules along the [0\bar 11] direction. In conclusion, all methods indicate a statistical orientational disorder with a preferred parallel orientation of molecules in one direction. Additionally, electron diffraction revealed twinning and faint diffuse scattering.
Generalized Spatial Pulse Position Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a spatial modulation scheme that combines the energy efficiency of pulse position modulation (PPM) with the spectral efficiency of generalized space shift keying (GSSK) for optical wireless communication system. The combined scheme is called generalized spatial pulse position modulation (GSPPM). We present the error performance analysis and validate the results through simulation. Error performance results show that the upper bound derived in the theoretical analysis is tight for all cases when the symbol error rate is below 0.1. The influence of parameters such as channel path gain and number of PPM slots on GSPPM's performance is illustrated. GSPPM is compared with some of the existing spatial modulation techniques, and results show that GSPPM provides an attractive trade-off between energy and spectral efficiency.
Aromatase Inhibitors. Syntheses and Structure-Activity Studies of Novel Pyridyl-Substituted Indanones, Indans, and Tetralins (1994)

The (E)-2-(4-pyridylmethylene)-1-indanones(E)-1-(E)-5[(E)-1,H;(E)-2,4- OCH3; (E)-3,5-OCH3; (E)-4,4-OH;(E)-5,5-OH] were obtained by aldol condensation of the corresponding 1-indanones with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and in case of the OH compound (E)-4 subsequent ether cleavage of (E)-2. The synthesis of the (Z)-isomers (Z)-1-(Z)-3[(Z)-1,H;(Z)-2,4-OCH3; (Z)-3,5-OCH3] was accomplished by UV irradiation of the corresponding (E)-isomers. Catalytic hydrogenation of (E)-1-(E)-3 gave the 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-indanones 6-8 (6, H; 7,4-OCH3; 8,5-OCH3). The 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-substituted indans 11-13 (11,H; 12,4-OCH3; 13,5-OCH3) and the tetralins 16-19 (16,H;17,5-OCH3;18,6-OCH3;19,7-OCH3) were obtained by reduction of the corresponding ketones using N2H4/KOH. The 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-substituted indanones 9 (4-OH) and 10 (5-OH), indans 14 (4-OH) and 15 (5-OH), and tetralins 20-22 (20,5-OH; 21,6-OH; 22,7-OH) were synthesized by ether cleavage of the corresponding OCH3 compounds. All compounds showed inhibition of human placental aromatase exhibiting relative potencies from 0.9 [(E)-4] to 163 [18; aminoglutethimide (AG) potency identical to 1]. Compounds 13 and 18 showed competitive type of inhibition and a type II difference spectrum, indicating the interaction of the pyridyl-N with the central Fe(III) ion of the cytochrome P450 heme component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Segmental Duplications in Euchromatic Regions of Human Chromosome 5: A Source of Evolutionary Instability and Transcriptional Innovation (2003)

Recent analyses of the structure of pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions have revealed that these particular regions of human chromosomes are often composed of blocks of duplicated genomic segments that have been associated with rapid evolutionary turnover among the genomes of closely related primates. In the present study, we show that euchromatic regions of human chromosome 5-5p14, 5p13, 5q13, 5q15-5q21-also display such an accumulation of segmental duplications. The structure, organization and evolution of those primate-specific sequences were studied in detail by combining in silico and comparative FISH analyses on human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutang, macaca, and capuchin chromosomes. Our results lend support to a two-step model of transposition duplication in the euchromatic regions, with a founder insertional event at the time of divergence between Platyrrhini and Catarrhini (25-35 million years ago) and an apparent burst of inter- and intrachromosomal duplications in the Hominidae lineage. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the chronology and, likely, molecular mechanisms, differ regarding the region of primary insertion-euchromatic versus pericentromeric regions. Lastly, we show that as their counterparts located near the heterochromatic region, the euchromatic segmental duplications have consistently reshaped their region of insertion during primate evolution, creating putative mosaic genes, and they are obvious candidates for causing ectopic rearrangements that have contributed to evolutionary/genomic instability.
Operation PeaceWorks (2014)

Epidemiologic study, level III. Therapeutic study, level IV.
Pill-Induced Esophagitis Caused by Oral Rifampin (1999)

Oral rifampin may cause esophagitis. Healthcare providers should be alert to the possibility of pill-induced esophagitis in susceptible patients. Patients with predisposing factors for the development of pill-induced esophagitis should be educated about proper swallowing of oral medications.
Immune Suppression as the Etiology of Failure To Detect Anti-HBc Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2006)

ABSTRACT A lack of anti-HBc antibodies during chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a serological pattern that is rarely observed. In our series of 39 patients with such a confirmed profile, mutations within the precore/core gene were rarely found and the lack of antibody detection was mostly explained by concurrent immunosuppression and the low sensitivities of the serological assays.
Homozygously deleted gene DACH1 regulates tumor-initiating activity of glioma cells (2011)

Loss or reduction in function of tumor suppressor genes contributes to tumorigenesis. Here, by allelic DNA copy number analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array and mass spectrometry, we report homozygous deletion in glioblastoma multiformes at chromosome 13q21, where DACH1 gene is located. We found decreased cell proliferation of a series of glioma cell lines by forced expression of DACH1. We then generated U87TR-Da glioma cells, where DACH1 expression could be activated by exposure of the cells to doxycycline. Both ex vivo cellular proliferation and in vivo growth of s.c. transplanted tumors in mice are reduced in U87TR-Da cells with DACH1 expression (U87-DACH1-high), compared with DACH1-nonexpressing U87TR-Da cells (U87-DACH1-low). U87-DACH1-low cells form spheroids with CD133 and Nestin expression in serum-free medium but U87-DACH1-high cells do not. Compared with spheroid-forming U87-DACH1-low cells, adherent U87-DACH1-high cells display lower tumorigenicity, indicating DACH1 decreases the number of tumor-initiating cells. Gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay reveal that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2/bFGF) is transcriptionally repressed by DACH1, especially in cells cultured in serum-free medium. Exogenous bFGF rescues spheroid-forming activity and tumorigenicity of the U87-DACH1-high cells, suggesting that loss of DACH1 increases the number of tumor-initiating cells through transcriptional activation of bFGF. These results illustrate that DACH1 is a distinctive tumor suppressor, which does not only suppress growth of tumor cells but also regulates bFGF-mediated tumor-initiating activity of glioma cells.
The effect of multiple sequential light sources to activate aminolevulinic Acid in the treatment of actinic keratoses: a retrospective study. (2014)

There is a lack of research regarding the sequential use of multiple light sources for topical 5-aminolevulinic acid activation in photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis. This study evaluated 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis using blue light combined with red light, pulsed dye laser, and/or intense pulsed light in a retrospective fashion. Field-directed 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy was performed with blue light only, blue light + pulsed dye laser, blue light + intense pulsed light, blue light + pulsed dye laser + intense pulsed light, or blue light + red light + pulsed dye laser + intense pulsed light for nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of face, scalp, or upper trunk. Blue light + intense pulsed light + pulsed dye laser produced greater patient-reported improvement in actinic keratoses than blue light or blue light + intense pulsed light and greater subject-reported improvement in overall skin quality than blue light + intense pulsed light. The addition of red light led to no further benefit in either outcome measure. Photodynamic therapy with multiple, sequential laser and light sources led to greater patient-graded improvement in actinic keratoses than that with a single light source (blue light), without significant differences in post-treatment adverse events. However, the small, widely disparate number of patients between groups and follow-up times between patients, as well as retrospective assessments based on subjective patient recall, severely limit the significance of these findings. Nevertheless, the results raise interesting questions regarding the use of multiple light and laser sources for photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses and warrant further research with a prospective, randomized, controlled study.
Radar backscatter modeling of 3D vegetation structure (1998)

The authors' current 3D radar backscatter model treats vegetation layers or tree crowns as homogeneous volumes consisting of various scatterers. The volume scattering and attenuation properties of the vegetation layers used in radiative transfer models were calculated by averaging the Stokes matrix (incoherent summation) or the scattering matrix (coherent summation) from these scatterers. This averaging process, by integration over the size and orientation distributions of the scatterers, eliminates the discrete nature of the vegetation structure and creates a continuous medium description of vegetation structure. Certain scattering properties based on the discrete nature and relative position of scatterers, for example, the corner reflectors formed by branches, have been lost in the model. Trees simulated from a tree growth model were used to investigate the effect of crown discrete structure on radar backscattering. This paper presents preliminary results from modifying models for this purposes.
Cost and reliability estimation of radio access network structures for 4G systems (2003)

Topological configuration of the physical links of a network (network structure) is an important problem of mobile communication network planning because it will determine the long-term performance and service quality of networks. In this paper, the architecture aspects of radio access network (RAN) physical links configuration for the fourth generation (4G) of wireless networks are considered. In the 4G systems ring structures of a RAN configuration may be applied in contrast to RANs of current wireless systems. Therefore, the objective of our research is to estimate the RAN ring structure from the viewpoint of cost and reliability parameters and compare the obtained parameters with those of other structures. As a result of this study, we are able to give recommendations on using different configurations of physical links in the RAN for mobile communication systems beyond IMT-2000 (4G systems).
The Role of Hub Neurons in Modulating Cortical Dynamics (2021)

Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the death of specific neuron types in particular brain regions. What makes the death of specific neuron types particularly harmful for the integrity and dynamics of the respective network is not well understood. To start addressing this question we used the most up-to-date biologically realistic dense neocortical microcircuit (NMC) of the rodent, which has reconstructed a volume of 0.3 mm<sup>3</sup> and containing 31,000 neurons, ∼37 million synapses, and 55 morphological cell types arranged in six cortical layers. Using modern network science tools, we identified hub neurons in the NMC, that are connected synaptically to a large number of their neighbors and systematically examined the impact of abolishing these cells. In general, the structural integrity of the network is robust to cells' attack; yet, attacking hub neurons strongly impacted the small-world topology of the network, whereas similar attacks on random neurons have a negligible effect. Such hub-specific attacks are also impactful on the network dynamics, both when the network is at its spontaneous synchronous state and when it was presented with synchronized thalamo-cortical visual-like input. We found that attacking layer 5 hub neurons is most harmful to the structural and functional integrity of the NMC. The significance of our results for understanding the role of specific neuron types and cortical layers for disease manifestation is discussed.
Supplementary Methods from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice
[What have we learned thanks to genetics in type II diabetes and its complications?]. (1999)

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. However, type 2 diabetes appears to be an heterogeneous syndrome composed of sub-types strongly associated with environmental factors at one end of the spectrum, and highly genetic forms at the other end. Therefore, a first approach has been to differentiate the potential monogenic forms of diabetes, as a paradigm for genetic studies, such as maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) which is characterized by an early age of onset and autosomal dominant inheritance. Recent studies have shown mutations in four transcription factors, members of the hepatocyte nuclear factor family. Furthermore, some data suggest that non-MODY monofactorial forms of late-onset NIDDM, due to islet transcription factors defects exist. The positional cloning of type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes is in progress, and will help to understand the molecular basis of diabetes, first step to identify targets of new drugs that will provide a better care to diabetic patients.
Filter for Car Tracking Based on Acceleration and Steering Angle (1996)

The motion of a car is described using a stochastic model in which the driving processes are the steering angle and the tangential acceleration. The model incorporates exactly the kinematic constraint that the wheels do not slip sideways. Two filters based on this model have been implemented, namely the standard EKF, and a new filter (the CUF) in which the expectation and the covariance of the system state are propagated accurately. Experiments show that i) the CUF is better than the EKF at predicting future positions of the car; and ii) the filter outputs can be used to control the measurement process, leading to improved ability to recover from errors in predictive tracking.
Marked Differences between Two Isoforms of Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (2000)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms 2 and 3 were produced via co-expression with the chaperonins GroEL and GroES and purified with high specific activities in affinity tag-free forms. By using human components, we have evaluated how binding to the lipoyl domains of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) produces the predominant changes in the rates of phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) component by PDK2 and PDK3. E2 assembles as a 60-mer via its C-terminal domain and has mobile connections to an E1-binding domain and then two lipoyl domains, L2 and L1 at the N terminus. PDK3 was activated 17-fold by E2; the majority of this activation was facilitated by the free L2 domain (half-maximal activation at 3.3 M L2). The direct activation of PDK3 by the L2 domain resulted in a 12.8-fold increase in k cat along with about a 2-fold decrease in the K m of PDK3 for E1. PDK3 was poorly inhibited by pyruvate or dichloroacetate (DCA). PDK3 activity was stimulated upon reductive acetylation of L1 and L2 when full activation of PDK3 by E2 was avoided (e.g. using free lipoyl domains or ADP-inhibited E2-activated PDK3). In marked contrast, PDK2 was not responsive to free lipoyl domains, but the E2-60-mer enhanced PDK2 activity by 10-fold. E2 activation of PDK2 resulted in a greatly enhanced sensitivity to inhibition by pyruvate or DCA; pyruvate was effective at significantly lower levels than DCA. E2-activated PDK2 activity was stimulated >3-fold by reductive acetylation of E2; stimulated PDK2 retained high sensitivity to inhibition by ADP and DCA. Thus, PDK3 is directly activated by the L2 domain, and fully activated PDK3 is relatively insensitive to feed-forward (pyruvate) and feed-back (acetylating) effectors. PDK2 was activated only by assembled E2, and this activated state beget high responsiveness to those effectors.
Funktionelle Quantifizierung humaner hämatopoietischer Stammzellen in vitro (2005)

Kumulative Habilitationsschrift, welche die Etablierung eines Langzeitkultursystems auf Einzelzellebene beschreibt, das die humane Blutzellbildung von der multipotenten Stammzelle bis hin zu funktionell reifen myeloischen und lymphatischen Zellen nachvollziehen kann. Damit ist es moglich, blutbildende Stammzellen des Menschen in vitro zu charakterisieren und gleichzeitig zu quantifizieren. Eine neue blutstammzellaquivalente humane Progenitorzelle (ML-IC) wird beschrieben. Weiterhin wird die Spezifitat der proliferativen Interaktionen der hamatopoietischen Zellen untereinander und mit dem umgebenden Stroma-Milieu charakterisiert.
Sequential protein unfolding through a carbon nanotube pore (2016)

An assortment of biological processes, like protein degradation and the transport of proteins across membranes, depend on protein unfolding events mediated by nanopore interfaces. In this work, we exploit fully atomistic simulations of an artificial, CNT-based nanopore to investigate the nature of ubiquitin unfolding. With one end of the protein subjected to an external force, we observe non-canonical unfolding behaviour as ubiquitin is pulled through the pore opening. Secondary structural elements are sequentially detached from the protein and threaded into the nanotube, interestingly, the remaining part maintains native-like characteristics. The constraints of the nanopore interface thus facilitate the formation of stable "unfoldon" motifs above the nanotube aperture that can exist in the absence of specific native contacts with the other secondary structure. Destruction of these unfoldons gives rise to distinct force peaks in our simulations, providing us with a sensitive probe for studying the kinetics of serial unfolding events. Our detailed analysis of nanopore-mediated protein unfolding events not only provides insight into how related processes might proceed in the cell, but also serves to deepen our understanding of structural arrangements which form the basis for protein conformational stability.
Feature Space Reductions Using Rough Sets for a Rough-Neuro Hybrid Approach Based Pattern Classifier (2008)

Abstract—Use of rough set theory at preprocessing stage for the targeted dimensionality reduction is very important in case of Unsupervised ANN based pattern classifiers. Such attribute compression by removing the redundancies results in reduced set of attributes acting as the input for the unsupervised neural network, based on the Kohonen’s learning rule. This would result in speeding up the learning process, better understanding about the data by recognizing the significant contributors to discernibility. Here the case of classification of printed alphabetical characters is taken, for which letters A-Z of eighteen different fonts form the data set. The features extracted are broadly classified into statistical and structural categories. The statistical features are inconsistent compared to the structural features. Exploiting inconsistencies of the data by rough sets has been observed and which results in exclusion of some important structural features. Inclusion of such features results in improved classification by the ANN.
Oxygen-Induced Surface Reconstruction of SrRuO3 and Its Effect on the BaTiO3 Interface (2010)

Atomically engineered oxide multilayers and superlattices display unique properties responsive to the electronic and atomic structures of the interfaces. We have followed the growth of ferroelectric BaTiO3 on SrRuO3 electrode with in situ atomic scale analysis of the surface structure at each stage. An oxygen-induced surface reconstruction of SrRuO3 leads to formation of SrO rows spaced at twice the bulk periodicity. This reconstruction modifies the structure of the first BaTiO3 layers grown subsequently, including intermixing observed with cross-section spectroscopy. These observations reveal that this common oxide interface is much more interesting than previously reported, and provide a paradigm for oxygen engineering of oxide structure at an interface.