gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computation of the throat area of a turbine blade ring (2015)

The throat area is a geometric parameter of the blade ring necessary to profile its blades and compute the turbine capacity. As applied to the filament flow model, the area is defined by the involute of the throat solid figure onto the plane formed by the cascade throat located on one of the cylindrical sections of the blade ring and the radius. An equation is derived for computing the area of the involute, which considers the effect of the shape of the ring’s tailing outlines and the fillets at the transition from the outlines to the blade feather. Comparison of the area values for several turbines computed by the derived equation and by a more complex method based on a search for the minimum distances from the tailing edge of the blade to the suction surface of the neighboring blade in the channel revealed slight differences. The fluid-dynamic 2D analysis determined the radial boundaries of the filament bands, the parameters of the cascade that lie on a filament’s cylindrical surfaces, and the flow velocity normal to the throat section of the filament. The proposed approach to computation of the throat area is common for problems of both designing and analyzing the turbine operation and allows for excluding, in practice, methodological differences in determination of the flow rate and the flow angles at the outlet of the blade ring.
Recent advances in magnetic processes. Technical report (1985)

Various magnetic-separation processes including magnetic coagulation/sedimentation, magnetic filtration, magnetic ion exchange, and magnetite addition are reviewed. Their general theories and principles are described. Their various applications in water and wastewater are introduced with special emphasis on removals of oil scale and heavy metals.
Exploiting source redundancy to improve the rate of polar codes (2017)

We consider a joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) problem where the source encoder leaves residual redundancy in the source. We first model the redundancy in the source encoder output as the output of a side information channel at the channel decoder, and show that this improves random error exponent. Then, we consider the use of polar codes in this framework when the source redundancy is modeled using a sequence of t-erasure correcting block codes. For this model, the rate of polar codes can be improved by unfreezing some of originally frozen bits and that the improvement in rate depends on the distribution of frozen bits within a codeword. We present a proof for the convergence of that distribution, as well as the convergence of the maximum rate improvement. The significant performance improvement and improved rate provide strong evidences that polar code is a good candidate to exploit the benefit of source redundancy in the JSCD scheme.
Quantitative aspects of the replacement of norepinephrine by dopamine as a sympathetic transmitter after inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by disulfiram. (1967)

Rats and cats were pretreated with disulfiram (four doses of 400 mg/kg) over a period of 44 hr. In one group of experiments, the norepinephrine and dopamine content of various sympathetically innervated organs was determined and compared with that of controls. In a second group, the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine appearing in the venous effluent of the isolated perfused spleen of the cat after sympathetic nerve stimulation was compared with the content of these amines in the corresponding spleens homogenized at the end of the stimulation period. In cats and rats disulfiram decreased the norepinephrine content and increased the dopamine content in all organs studied. Dopamine only incompletely replaced the missing norepinephrine. Together with data of other authors this suggests that the affinity of dopamine for storage sites is weaker than that of norepinephrine. In tile isolated perfused cat spleen dopamine and norepinephrine were liberated by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the same proportion in which they were stored in the sympathetic nerves of the spleen. These findings are discussed in the light of the hypothesis that transmitter liberation occurs by expulsion of the entire content of storage vesicles.
High Molecular Weight DNA Extraction from Recalcitrant Plant Species for Third Generation Sequencing v1 (2019)

Single molecule sequencing requires optimized sample and library preparation protocols to obtain long-read lengths and high sequencing yields. Numerous protocols exist for the extraction of DNA from plant species, but the genomic DNA from these extractions is either too low yield, of insufficient purity for sensitive sequencing platforms, e.g. nanopore sequencing, too fragmented to achieve long reads, or otherwise unattainable from recalcitrant adult tissue. This renders many plant sequencing projects cost prohibitive or methodologically intractable. Existing protocols are also labor intensive, taking days to complete. Our protocol described here yields micrograms of high molecular weight gDNA from a single gram of adult or seedling leaf tissue in only a few hours, and produces high quality sequencing libraries for the Oxford Nanopore system, with typical yields ranging from 3-10 Gb per R9.4.1 flowcell and producing reads averaging 5-8 kb, with read length N50s ranging from 6-30 kb depending on the style of library preparation (details in sequencing outcomes section), and maximum lengths extending up to 200 kb+.
Characterization of B-1625 FA2.BETA.-1. An acidic actinomycin congener. (1987)

B-1625 FA2β, one of the minor acidic actinomycin congeners produced by Streptomyces antibioticus No. B-1625, was produced selectively on the combined use of sarcosine and ferrous sulfate in a complex medium. The FA2β was further separated into two components, MeOH-insoluble FA2β-1 and MeOH-soluble FA2β-2, by methanol treatment. After repeating the MeOH treatment, the purified FA2β-1 was examined as to its physicochemical properties, and subjected to amino acid analysis, and 13C-, 1H-NMR and FAB mass spectral measurements. As a result, the structure of FA2β-1 was deduced to be 2-amino-1-carboxyl-4, 6-dimethyl-3-phenoxazone-9-carbonyl-threonyl-valyl-sarcosyl-sarcosyl-N-methylvaline. As much as 1mg/ml of FA2β-1 showed no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, although FA2β-2 shows antibiotic activity.
Development of an eye movement tracking type dead mounted display: system proposal and evaluation experiments (2002)

This paper describes a head mounted display (HMD) system which can present realistic visual images of the environment. There are several types of commercial HMDs for virtual reality systems. One of the problems of their systems is that the screen size is small in order to keep the image resolution high. Therefore, the screen frame and displayed images overlap and impair the sense of reality. In order to improve it, a new type of HMD is proposed. The idea is based on superimposing small, high resolution images on wide, low resolution images. The high resolution images are presented only near the center of human retina, according to the motion of eyeball detected. In this paper, the design of the optical system and image control system is explained. Also, some preliminary evaluation experiments using a prototype system are introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed idea.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tunnel Magnetoresistance-Based Sensor for Biomedical Application: Proof-of-Concept (2023)

The aim of this work was to investigate and prove the possibility of the real-time detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) distributed in solid material by using a tunnel magnetoresistance-based (TMR) sensor. Following the detection tests of FeCrNbB magnetic nanoparticles distributed in transparent epoxy resin (EPON 812) and measuring the sensor output voltage changes at different particle concentrations, the detection ability of the sensor was demonstrated. For the proposed TMR sensor, we measured a maximum magnetoresistance ratio of about 53% and a sensitivity of 1.24%/Oe. This type of sensor could facilitate a new path of research in the field of magnetic hyperthermia by locating cancer cells.
Dissolved Oxygen and Methane in Water by a GC Headspace Equilibration Technique (1989)

Abstract An analytical procedure is described for the determination of dissolved oxygen and methane in groundwater samples. The method consists of generating a helium gas headspace in a water filled bottle, and analysis of the headspace by gas chromatography. Other permanent gases such as nitrogen, and volatile aliphatic hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane could also be analyzed. BTX analyses could also be done on the sample. Detection limit for oxygen was 0.1 mg/l and 0.002 mg/l for methane. Good agreement was shown between Winkler titration and the GC-Headspace Equilibration Technique for oxygen analyses by a linear regression coefficient, R 2 = 0.998. Oxygen was greatly depleted in some field samples when they were stored for 30 days at 4°C without hydrochloric acid preservation.
Experimental investigation of wing installation effects on a two-dimensional mixer/ejector nozzle for supersonic transport aircraft (1992)

Experimental results from a wind tunnel test conducted to investigate propulsion/airframe integration (PAI) effects are presented. The objectives of the test were to examine rough order-of-magnitude changes in the acoustic characteristics of a mixer/ejector nozzle due to the presence of a wing and to obtain limited wing and nozzle flow-field measurements. A simple representative supersonic transport wing planform, with deflecting flaps, was installed above a two-dimensional mixer/ejector nozzle that was supplied with high-pressure heated air. Various configurations and wing positions with respect to the nozzle were studied. Because of hardware problems, no acoustics and only a limited set of flow-field data were obtained. For most hardware configurations tested, no significant propulsion/airframe integration effects were identified. Significant effects were seen for extreme flap deflections. The combination of the exploratory nature of the test and the limited flow-field instrumentation made it impossible to identify definitive propulsion/airframe integration effects.
L-Glutamic Acid Fermentation (1968)

The effects of biotin and oleic acid concentrations in the media on the utilization and the distribution of oleic acid-U-14C were investigated using an oleic acid-requiring mutant of Brevibacterium thiogenitalis No. 653. Oleic acid in the media was rapidly taken up by the cells and its uptake-rate was enhanced by biotin. Oleic acid uptaken was incorporated into a sugar lipid and phospholipid fractions and some amounts of these lipids were excreted to the media. The distribution of oleic acid-U-14C in the cellular lipid fractions was changed by biotin or oleic acid concentration in the media. About 40% carbon of oleic acid which was added to the media was incorporated into the sugar lipid fraction.
Influence of surface firmness on hand shape during sitting transfers in individuals with spinal cord injury (2017)

International audience
중국 대학생 시간제 근로 권리와 이익 보호 법률에 관한 논의와 제안 (2020)

최근 중국에서 대학생의 시간제 근로(part-time work)가 보편화 되어가고 있다. 그러나 많은 경우에 이들에 대한 권리는 간과되어온 것이 사실이다. 대학생의 시간제 근로는 대학의 직접적인 관리 하에 있지 않고, 또 교과과정에 속하는 것도 아니기 때문이다. 또한 공식적으로도 관련 노동법의 범주에 포함되어 있지 않아 권리의 침해로 이어지고 있으며, 그들의 권리에도 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문은 중국의 법률과 독일, 일본, 미국 등 국가와의 법률과 규정을 비교하여, 중국의 법률과 규정의 미비점을 분석하고, 대학생 시간제 근로자의 권리와 이익 보호를 위한 시사점을 제언한다.
특히 본 연구는 대학생 시간제 근로자의 권리와 이익을 보장하는 핵심은 법률적 관점에서 대학생이 근로자(workers)의 자격을 갖추고 있느냐에 대한 질문에 답을 제시하는 데 있다고 지적한다. 사회적 약자 집단인 시간제근로 대학생 보호를 위해, 이들에게 법률에 의거하여 합법적 지위가 주어져야 하고, 이들의 시간제 노동 권리 보호를 위해 노동법의 개정이 포함되어야 한다.
A Novel Aspect in Chlorination of d-Glucal Derivatives. Important Roles of the 4,6-O-Benzylidene Group and Substituent at C-3 in the Selective Formation of β-d-Manno and β-d-Arabino Isomers (1987)

Abstract In contrast with the precedent reports described in peracetyl-and perbenzyl-d-glucal, chlorination of 3-O-acetyl- and 3-deoxy-4,6-O-benzylidene-d-glucal in carbon tetrachloride predominantly occurred from the β-side to give the β-d-manno and β-d-arabino adducts, respectively.
Generation and Cyclization of Acyl Radicals from Thiol Esters Under Nonreducing, Tin-Free Conditions (1997)

The preparation of 2-(2-((tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino)phenyl)ethyl mercaptan from 2-(2-aminophenyl)ethanol is described. This thiol is condensed with a series of suitably unsaturated carboxylic acids to give a series of thiol esters. The Boc group is removed and the amine reacted with isoamyl nitrite to give a series of diazonium salts. Exposure to iodide in acetone solution then generates the aryl radical, which undergoes intramolecular homolytic substitution at sulfur with liberation of the acyl radical. Following acyl radical cyclization, quenching by iodine and then elimination of HI leads to the isolation of α-methylene cycloalkanones in good yield.
Jack Validation Study. (1996)

Abstract : This document presents the details of the construction of the Jack human figure model. It explains the methods used in putting the model together, the data and references employed, as well as other related topics regarding the application of this model within the interactive 3-D environment of Jack.
On the Use of Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average Models for Simulation and System Identification (1991)

Efficient simulation models of nonlinear systems are useful for analyzing vibrational systems and designing and implementing control systems. Such models can also be used to produce estimates of the physical system parameters. NARMAX models can be used to simulate a wide range of nonlinear systems. Development of such models requires identification of the system nonlinearities and model structure and estimates of the system model parameters. Computation time is directly related to the number of terms which increases dramatically with the model order. The apparent significance of a term changes with its placement in the model structure which makes it difficult to determine its true significance. The benefits and drawbacks of this modelling procedure are demonstrated through examples.
Training Monitoring System for Cyclist Based on Android Application Development (2013)

Recently, technological advance in Android application has grown rapidly especially in health care application along with the development of smartphone. The utilization of wireless sensor networks with the mobile wireless health devices has provided us with an alternative solution in health monitoring instead of using the traditional approach with higher cost. Therefore, the objective of this project is to develop and implement a training monitoring system for cyclist based on android application. In this system, wireless sensor nodes are assigned to collect the required data such as cyclist’s heart rate and cadence. All the data are then sent to the mobile device used by cyclist via wireless communication. The data collected are first stored in device’s internal memory before they are transferred to the server. This project involved programming of hardware using specific software such as Eclipse Juno Android SDK and SQLite database. The system also includes the graphical user interface (GUI) design using Java language for application on smartphone. In addition, the simple Dropbox command is used to design the server for data storage. All the stages of implementations are integrated in one whole system and can be run as an application by cyclist. The developed system is proven to be cost effective and reliable as well as easy for customization.
Ethnomycological Use of Medicinal Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G. H. Sung et al. (Ascomycetes) in Northern Yunnan Province, SW China (2010)

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a well-known medicinal mushroom in traditional oriental medicine such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM). It is endemic to alpine habitats on the Tibetan Plateau, located predominantly in Tibet and Tibetan autonomous prefectures of neighboring Provinces and the high Himalayas. This area includes parts of Northern Yunnan, but is inhabited by other ethnic groups. Although ethnopharmacological use among Tibetan people has been researched, such studies among other ethnic peoples are limited. This study aims to review the traditional uses of caterpillar fungus among Bai, Naxi, Lisu and Tibetan people living in the mountainous Northern Yunnan Province. Ethnomycological survey methods, interviews, participatory action research and field visits were conducted to elicit information on the uses of caterpillar fungus. In this paper, we have presented this traditional knowledge about collection, discovery, protection, and nutritional value, learned from these indigenous peoples. Of special interest is the range of diseases treated with O. sinensis and the corresponding methods of application. Furthermore, the diverse ethnic groups examined each have their own unique legends regarding O. sinensis.
Relating Function to Branching Geometry: A Micro-CT Study of the Hepatic Artery, Portal Vein, and Biliary Tree (2011)

Utilizing micro-computed tomography images, the hierarchical structure, interbranch segment lengths and diameters of a hepatic artery, a portal vein, and two biliary trees from intact rat liver lobes were characterized. The data were investigated by analyzing the geometric properties of the vascular structures, such as how interbranch segment diameters change at bifurcation points. In the case of the hepatic artery and portal vein trees (in which the flow rate is high by comparison with that in the biliary tree), the vascular geometry is consistent with a fluid transport system which aims to simultaneously minimize both the power loss of laminar flow, and a cost function proportional to the total volume of material needed to maintain the system (lumenal contents). In comparison, the biliary tree (which has a low flow rate and an opposite flow direction to that of the hepatic artery and portal vein) was found to have a geometry in which the lumen cross-sectional area is maintained at bifurcations. These findings imply that the histological makeup and therefore the pathophysiology of biliary tree vasculature are likely very different from that of the vasculature within the systemic arterial tree. The extent to which the characteristic variability/scatter in the data may have resulted from imaging and/or measurement errors was examined by simulating such errors in a theoretical tree model and comparing the results with the measured data.
A modular and compact portable mini-endstation for high-precision, high-speed fixed target serial crystallography at FEL and synchrotron sources (2015)

The design and implementation of a compact and portable sample alignment system suitable for use at both synchrotron and free-electron laser (FEL) sources and its performance are described. The system provides the ability to quickly and reliably deliver large numbers of samples using the minimum amount of sample possible, through positioning of fixed target arrays into the X-ray beam. The combination of high-precision stages, high-quality sample viewing, a fast controller and a software layer overcome many of the challenges associated with sample alignment. A straightforward interface that minimizes setup and sample changeover time as well as simplifying communication with the stages during the experiment is also described, together with an intuitive naming convention for defining, tracking and locating sample positions. The setup allows the precise delivery of samples in predefined locations to a specific position in space and time, reliably and simply.
Skeletal health in postmenopausal survivors of early breast cancer (2005)

Estrogen plays an important role in the skeletal health of all women. Many therapies used in the treatment of breast cancer reduce estrogen levels and have the potential to affect bone negatively by increasing the risk of osteoporosis and associated bone fractures. The long-term effects of systemic endocrine therapy on bone, therefore, are an important consideration in the adjuvant setting. Tamoxifen has been shown to have a moderate protective effect on postmenopausal bone due to its partial estrogen agonist activity; however, its long-term use is potentially associated with negative side effects, such as an increased risk of thromboembolic disease and endometrial cancer. Newer agents, the third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs), anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane, for example, do not possess estrogen agonist effects and have improved breast cancer outcomes when compared to the standard 5 years of tamoxifen. However, patients treated with adjuvant AIs have been shown to have an increased incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. In order to select the optimal adjuvant therapy for each patient, it is important to assess the overall risk:benefit ratio for each endocrine strategy. All postmenopausal women should follow published guidelines to assess the risk of osteoporosis and, where appropriate, they should receive bone mineral density monitoring. Postmenopausal women with breast cancer who are at increased risk of osteoporotic fracture should be identified and managed with appropriate nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures.
A dynamic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy method for ultra-sensitive detection: from the wet state to the dry state (2015)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been demonstrated to be an excellent analytical tool for a wide range of research and practical applications owing to its ability to achieve highly sensitive detection and provide fingerprint information for analytes. Improving the sensitivity of SERS is beneficial for the rapid analysis of target molecules in various systems, where the ultimate goal is to obtain quantitative analysis and detection. Considerable efforts have been made to develop new methods for SERS detection that improve upon its high sensitivity and reproducibility. In this tutorial review, we first introduce the traditional methods for SERS detection and then report in detail on the features of a new strategy for implementing SERS. This new method, namely, a dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method proposed by our group, is based on state translation nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (STNERS) from the wet state to the dry state. Notably, during this process, a three-dimensional (3D) hotspot matrix that can hold hotspots between every two adjacent particles in 3D space, with minimal polydispersity of the particle size and maximal uniformity of the interparticle distance, can be simply achieved. Experiments and applications using STNERS are reviewed starting with an investigation of STNERS mechanisms and a discussion of sample preparation. Next, evidence of the advantages of STNERS and practical applications are discussed. Finally, the future outlook for STNERS and the development of STNERS as an ultra-sensitive detection method are also discussed.