gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low altitude threat evasive trajectory generation for autonomous aerial vehicles (2004)

In recent years, high altitude unmanned aerial vehicles have been used to great success in combat operations, providing both reconnaissance as well as weapon launch platforms for time critical targets. Interest is now growing in extending autonomous vehicle operation to the low altitude regime. Because perfect threat knowledge can never be assumed in a dynamic environment, an algorithm capable of generating evasive trajectories in response to pop-up threats is required. Predetermination of contingency plans is precluded due to the enormity of possible scenarios; therefore, an on-line vehicle trajectory planner is desired in order to maximize vehicle survivability. This thesis presents a genetic algorithm based threat evasive response trajectory planner capable of explicitly leveraging terrain masking in minimizing threat exposure. The ability of genetic algorithms to easily incorporate line-of-sight effects, the inherent ability to trade off solution quality for reduced solution time, and the lack of off-line computation make them well suited for this application. The algorithm presented
Molecular dissection of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region (15q11-13) by YAC cloning and FISH analysis (1992)

The authors wish to note an error in the relative order of probes PW71 and TD189-1. The order of PWS/AS probes should be revised as follows: cen-IR39-ML34-IR4-3R-TD189-1-PW71-LS6-1-TD3-21-GABRB3-IR10-1-CMW1-tel.The corrected map of the PWS/AS critical region (Figure 4) summarizing probe order from interphase FISH analysis and YAC contig information is provided below. The reversed order of TD189-1 and PW71 was discovered by analysis of YAC 71B11, a non-chimeric YAC of 700 kb from the CEPH library which was identified with the STS from IR4-3R as indicated in Table 1. This YAC was also positive for an STS from the left end of YAC 307A12, identified with the STS from TD 189-1. In confirmation of these results, the right end of 71B11 was positive for 307A12 by hybridization, and an STS from the left end of 71B11 was positive for YACs 172A10 and 495D1. The Alu-PCR dot-blot hybridization experiment in Figure 1a appears to represent a false positive overlap between YACs A156E1 (used as probe) and B58C7 (labeled 58 on the figure). This is possibly due to homologous sequences contained within these two YACs. All other Alu-PCR dot-blot experiments have been confirmed by either YAC end hybridization by STS analysis.
ATOMIC-LEVEL IMAGING OF CO2 DISPOSAL AS A CARBONATE MINERAL: OPTIMIZING REACTION PROCESS DESIGN (2002)

Fossil fuels, especially coal, can support the energy demands of the world for centuries to come, if the environmental problems associated with CO{sub 2} emissions can be overcome. Permanent and safe methods for CO{sub 2} capture and disposal/storage need to be developed. Mineralization of stationary-source CO{sub 2} emissions as carbonates can provide such safe capture and long-term sequestration. Mg-rich lamellar-hydroxide based minerals (e.g., brucite and serpentine) offer a class of widely available, low-cost materials, with intriguing mineral carbonation potential. Carbonation of such materials inherently involves dehydroxylation, which can disrupt the material down to the atomic level. As such, controlled dehydroxylation, before and/or during carbonation, may provide an important parameter for enhancing carbonation reaction processes. Mg(OH){sub 2} was chosen as the model material for investigating lamellar hydroxide mineral dehydroxylation/carbonation mechanisms due to (1) its structural and chemical simplicity, (2) interest in Mg(OH){sub 2} gas-solid carbonation as a potentially cost-effective CO{sub 2} mineral sequestration process component, and (3) its structural and chemical similarity to other lamellar-hydroxide-based minerals (e.g., serpentine-based minerals) whose carbonation reaction processes are being explored due to their low-cost CO{sub 2} sequestration potential. Fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that govern dehydroxylation/carbonation processes is essential for minimizing the cost of any lamellar-hydroxide-based mineral carbonation sequestration process. This final report covers the overall progress of this grant.
Electroless Gold as a Substrate for Self-Assembled Monolayers (1998)

We demonstrate that close-packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be formed from long chain alkanethiols on the surface of electroless gold. Gold films were deposited on glass microscope slides, high-index glass, and polycarbonate “track-etch” (PCTE) membranes using an electroless plating technique. The roughness of the surface of electroless gold was large but could be reduced to levels comparable to those for evaporated films by thermal annealing of samples supported on glass substrates. Although the largest peaks in X-ray diffraction patterns corresponded to Au(111), electroless gold has significant (200), (220), and (311) reflections and is, therefore, different from Au(111) textured gold films prepared by evaporation. Self-assembled monolayers formed from alkanethiols on electroless gold were characterized by contact angles of hexadecane, cyclic voltammetry, and grazing-angle FTIR spectroscopy. To form close-packed SAMs, it was necessary to apply postplating treatments to the electroless gold such as immersion in 25% HNO3 for membrane-supported gold and thermal annealing in combination with electrochemical cleaning for glass-supported gold. The coverage of SAMs on electroless gold, as estimated from cyclic voltammograms, was greater than 99.8%. Peak positions of C−H stretching modes in IR spectra were consistent with past measurements obtained using SAMs supported on evaporated films of gold. The IR spectra suggested, however, a smaller tilt angle (from the surface normal) of the alkyl chains on electroless gold than on evaporated gold, a conclusion that is consistent with the presence of Au(200) on the surface of electroless gold.
Enhanced oil recovery: challenges & opportunities (2010)

ecovery is at the heart of oil production from underground reservoirs. If the average worldwide recovery factor from hydrocarbon reservoirs can be increased beyond current limits, it will alleviate a number of issues related to global energy supply. Currently the daily oil production comes from mature or maturing oil fields and reserves replacement is not keeping pace with the growing energy demand. The world average recovery factor from hydrocarbon reservoirs is stuck in the mid-30 per cent range. This challenge becomes an opportunity for advanced secondary and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies that may mitigate the demand-supply balance. This paper presents a big-picture overview of EOR technologies with the focus on challenges and opportunities. The implementation of EOR is intimately tied to the price of oil and overall economics. EOR is capital and resource intensive, and expensive, primarily due to high injectant costs. The timing of EOR is also important: a case is made that advanced secondary recovery (improved oil recovery or IOR) technologies are a better first option before full-field deployment of EOR. Realisation of EOR potential can only be achieved through long-term commitments, both in capital and human resources, a vision to strive towards ultimate oil recovery instead of immediate oil recovery, research and development, and a willingness to take risks. While EOR technologies have grown over the years, significant challenges remain. Some of the enablers for EOR are also discussed in this paper. EOR/IOR definitions
Insulin‐like effect of pinitol (2000)

D-pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiroinositol), an active principle of the traditional antidiabetic plant Bougainvillea spectabilis, is claimed to exert insulin-like effects. This study investigates the effect of D-pinitol on glucose homeostasis in animal models of diabetes, and on glucose transport by cultured muscle cells. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured in normal, obese-diabetic (ob/ob) and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice after oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of D-pinitol. Glucose transport was measured in L6 rat muscle cells by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake. In STZ-diabetic mice, 100 mg kg(-1) p.o. D-pinitol acutely decreased the hyperglycaemia (by 22% at 6 h). A similar decrease in plasma glucose (by 21%) was observed after 100 mg kg(-1) i.p. D-pinitol. Insulin concentrations and the rate of insulin-induced (1 unit kg(-1) actrapid i.p.) glucose disappearance were not altered by 100 mg kg(-1) p.o. D-pinitol. Chronic administration of D-pinitol (100 mg kg(-1) i.p. twice daily for 11 days) to STZ-diabetic mice maintained a reduction in plasma glucose concentrations from about 14 to 10 mmol l(-1). In normal non-diabetic and severely insulin resistant ob/ob mice, 100 mg kg(-1) p.o. D-pinitol did not significantly affect plasma glucose or insulin during acute studies. Incubation of L6 muscle cells with D-pinitol (10(-3) M) increased basal 2DG uptake by 41% after 10 min and by 34% after 4 h. The effect of D-pinitol was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. D-pinitol did not increase insulin-stimulated 2DG uptake by L6 cells. The data support the view that D-pinitol can exert an insulin-like effect to improve glycaemic control in hypoinsulinaemic STZ-diabetic mice. D-pinitol may act via a post-receptor pathway of insulin action affecting glucose uptake.
How to Estimate the Optimal Heart Rate in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (2021)

Ideal heart rate (HR), particularly for those with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), remains unknown. We hypothesized that cardiac output would be maximum when the overlap between E-wave and A-wave at the trans-mitral flow is "zero" in the Doppler echocardiography. We retrospectively investigated the association among the overlap length between two waves, actual HR, and other echocardiographic parameters to construct a formula for estimating theoretically ideal HR among those with HFpEF. In total, 48 HFpEF patients were included (70-year-olds, 18 males). Given the results of multivariate linear regression analyses, the overlap length was estimated as follows: -1,050 + 8.4 × (HR [bpm]) + 0.6 × (deceleration time [millisecond]) + 1.7 × (A-width [millisecond]), which had a strong agreement with the actually measured overlap length (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Theoretically ideal HR was calculated by substituting zero into the estimated overlap length as follows: 125 - 0.07 × (deceleration time [millisecond]) - 0.20 × (A-width [millisecond]). In the validation cohort including another 143 HFpEF patients, the estimated overlap using the formula again had a strong agreement with the actually measured overlap (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). In this study, we proposed a novel formula for calculating theoretically ideal HR, consisting of deceleration time and A-width, in the HFpEF cohort. Clinical implication to optimize the HR targeting the theoretically ideal HR should be investigated in prospective studies.
Consumption, Body Image, and Rural–Urban Apartheid in Contemporary China (2003)

This paper investigates how rural migrant bar hostesses in China's contemporary urban settings deploy their marginaUty as a resource and a weapon to debunk derogatory understandings of who they are. Based on research in the city of Dalian, I argue that hostesses struggle within a system of rural–Urban apartheid to forge a new identity, but that their degrees of freedom are sharply curtailed by the economic and political constraints under which they operate. Analysis of hostesses consumption patterns also challenges Daniel Miller's treatment of consumption as individualistic expressive behavior. Hostesses' consumption patterns suggest that their consumption, rather than the product of freely operating, individual imaginations, is directly curtailed by their social position as rural migrant women and sex workers. [Consumption, modernity, sex workers, marginality, urban China]
Efficient Task/Motion Planning for a Dual-arm Robot from Language Instructions and Cooking Images (2022)

&lt;p&gt;To be presented at IROS 2022. &lt;/p&gt;
The field of view available to the ventral occipito-temporal reading circuitry (2017)

Skilled reading requires rapidly recognizing letters and word forms; people learn this skill best for words presented in the central visual field. Measurements over the last decade have shown that when children learn to read, responses within ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOT) become increasingly selective to word forms. We call these regions the VOT reading circuitry (VOTRC). The portion of the visual field that evokes a response in the VOTRC is called the field of view (FOV). We measured the FOV of the VOTRC and found that it is a small subset of the entire field of view available to the human visual system. For the typical subject, the FOV of the VOTRC in each hemisphere is contralaterally and foveally biased. The FOV of the left VOTRC extends ∼9° into the right visual field and ∼4° into the left visual field along the horizontal meridian. The FOV of the right VOTRC is roughly mirror symmetric to that of the left VOTRC. The size and shape of the FOV covers the region of the visual field that contains relevant information for reading English. It may be that the size and shape of the FOV, which varies between subjects, will prove useful in predicting behavioral aspects of reading.
Velafermin (rhFGF-20) reduces fractionated radiation- induced oral mucositis in hamsters (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

3758 

Oral mucositis is a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Velafermin (rhFGF-20) has been shown to be a novel cytoprotectant of the oral mucosa and to reduce mucositis in preclinical acute (single dose) radiation, as well as chemotherapy/radiation-induced models of oral mucositis. Currently, velafermin is in a Phase II clinical trial for the prevention of severe oral mucositis in patients receiving myeloablative therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

The aim of our study was to assess the impact of velafermin scheduling on the incidence, severity and duration of oral mucositis that occurs as a consequence of fractionated radiation. In this study, Golden Syrian hamsters were exposed to 8 doses of 7.5 Gy (cumulative dose of 60 Gy) to the cheek pouch on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 resulting in severe mucositis (score >3) by days 14-16. Velafermin was administered as a 4 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally on days 3 and 9; days 2, 3, 8 and 9; days 3, 4, 9 and 10; or days 4, 5, 10 and 11. Our results demonstrated that all of the groups treated with velafermin showed some reduction in the degree of mucositis and a significant increase in weight gain relative to those hamsters treated with the vehicle control alone. A significant reduction (p<0.001) in mucositis was seen in the group treated on days 4, 5, 10 and 11 in the number of days with a score of 3 or higher, as well as within the rank sum analysis of individual daily mucositis scores. Remarkably, a single weekly treatment with velafermin on days 3 and 9 also resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.001) in the number of days with a score of 3 or higher, as well as within the rank sum analysis of individual daily mucositis scores. Both dosing schedules also revealed statistically significant improvements in weight gain. Histology, as well as epithelial degradation, stromal degradation and inflammation severity morphometics are evaluated. All of these data support the continued investigation of velafermin for the reduction of oral mucositis induced by fractionated radiation

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An analysis for heat equations arises in diffusion process using new Yang‐Abdel‐Aty‐Cattani fractional operator (2020)

The heat equation is parabolic partial differential equation and occurs in the characterization of diffusion progress. In the present work, a new fractional operator based on the Rabotnov fractional‐exponential kernel is considered. Next, we conferred some fascinating and original properties of nominated new fractional derivative with some integral transform operators where all results are significant. The fundamental target of the proposed work is to solve the multidimensional heat equations of arbitrary order by using analytical approach homotopy perturbation transform method and residual power series method, where new fractional operator has been taken in new Yang‐Abdel‐Aty‐Cattani (YAC) sense. The obtained results indicate that solution converges to the original solution in language of generalized Mittag‐Leffler function. Three numerical examples are discussed to draw an effective attention to reveal the proficiency and adaptability of the recommended methods on new YAC operator.
The modular test stand for fatigue testing of aeronautical structures – Design phase (2019)

The Modular Test Stand for Fatigue Testing of Aeronautical Structures is presented in the paper. Several different fatigue tests can be executed at the same time by means on this stand. In this way authors intend to diminish cost of fatigue test and makes it affordable for low cost projects e.g. student projects. Authors describe an essential assumptions and limitations as well as design phase where they tried to meet them.
Tungsten and tungsten silicide (WSi/sub x/) as gate materials for trench MOSFETs (2002)

High-density and high-speed MOS-integrated devices require low gate resistance. Metallization of the gate electrodes reduces gate sheet resistance, improves switching efficiency, reduces distributed RC propagation delay, and possibly enhances device reliability when delivering power to large inductive loads using large area power MOSFETs. Tungsten (W) and/or tungsten silicide (WSi/sub x/) gates have been developed with this goal for trench power MOSFET applications by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The deposition techniques employed resulted in good step coverage and provide promising structural integrity against silicon (Si) or W diffusion. The paper discusses the metal/silicided gate development using various approaches.
The Synthesis and Reactions of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-silaspiro[3.4]oct-6-ene (1982)

Abstract A new silaspiro compound, i.e., 2,6-dimethyl-4-silaspiro[3.4]oct-6-ene, was synthesized by treating 1,1-dichloro-3-methyl-1-silacyclobutane with isoprene in the presence of magnesium in tetrahydrofuran. The reactions of the silaspiro compound with LiAlH4, H2PtCl6, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2, and the Simmons-Smith agent were investigated.
Electric Vehicle Aggregate Power Flow Prediction and Smart Charging System for Distributed Renewable Energy Self-Consumption Optimization (2020)

In the context of electric vehicle (EV) development and positive energy districts with the growing penetration of non-programmable sources, this paper provides a method to predict and manage the aggregate power flows of charging stations to optimize the self-consumption and load profiles. The prediction method analyzes each charging event belonging to the EV population, and it considers the main factors that influence a charging process, namely the EV’s characteristics, charging ratings, and driver behavior. EV’s characteristics and charging ratings are obtained from the EV model’s and charging stations’ specifications, respectively. The statistical analysis of driver behavior is performed to calculate the daily consumptions and the charging energy request. Then, a model to estimate the parking time of each vehicle is extrapolated from the real collected data of the arrival and departure times in parking lots. A case study was carried out to evaluate the proposed method. This consisted of an industrial area with renewable sources and electrical loads. The obtained results show how EV charging can negatively impact system power flows, causing load peaks and high energy demand. Therefore, a charging management system (CMS) able to operate in the smart charging mode was introduced. Finally, it was demonstrated that the proposed method provides better EV integration and improved performance.
SU‐FF‐I‐01: Determination of Subjective Similarity for Pairs of Lesions On Mammograms: Comparison of Ranking Scores in 2AFC Versus Absolute Ratings for Masses and Microcalcifications (2006)

Purpose: We previously obtained the subjective similarity ratings for pairs of lesions on mammograms for quantitative evaluation of similar images. Our purpose in this study was to investigate whether the absolute similarity ratings can be determined reliably by comparison with ranking scores obtained in a 2‐alternative forced‐choice (2AFC) method. Method and Materials: We selected 8 pairs of masses and 8 pairs of clustered microcalcifications based on radiologists' average similarity ratings; similarity ratings for the two sets of 8 pairs were approximately evenly distributed. In the first study, each pair was compared one by one to all other 7 pairs in each group of masses and microcalcifications. In the second study, we combined four pairs of masses and four pairs of microcalcifications to compare the similarity of a pair of masses with that of microcalcifications. Seven radiologists and 3 senior residents were asked to choose one pair that was more similar than another pair with the 2AFC method. The cases were presented in randomized order. The number of times that a pair was selected as more similar was counted as the subjective ranking score. The average scores were compared with the average similarity ratings determined previously. Results: The average ranking scores from the first study were highly correlated (0.93 and 0.98 for masses and calcifications, respectively) with absolute similarity ratings. When mass pairs were compared with calcification pairs, the correlations between ranking scores and absolute ratings were also very high (0.92 and 0.96). In both studies, observers were very consistent in selecting more similar pairs. Conclusion: The result indicates that absolute similarity ratings determined previously are reliable and useful for selection of similar images. The concept of similarity is robust and meaningful even when mass pairs are compared with microcalcification pairs.
In-vitro and in-vivo techniques to measure the dielectric constant of biological tissues at microwave frequencies (2008)

This paper presents the revised techniques used both in in-vitro and in-vivo measurement of dielectric constant of biological tissues. The in-vitro technique introduces a revised perturbation technique through a RW cavity while the in-vivo measurement is implemented by a revised coaxial monopole antenna used in microwave coagulation therapy of liver cancer- PMCT probe. Both the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods are compared. All the experiments are carried out at S-band covering the medical microwave frequency. The future direction of the measurement work and the possible application of this technique are introduced also.