gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of autoinhibition in the Ras-specific exchange factor RasGRP1 (2013)

RasGRP1 and SOS are Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factors that have distinct roles in lymphocyte development. RasGRP1 is important in some cancers and autoimmune diseases but, in contrast to SOS, its regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Activating signals lead to the membrane recruitment of RasGRP1 and Ras engagement, but it is unclear how interactions between RasGRP1 and Ras are suppressed in the absence of such signals. We present a crystal structure of a fragment of RasGRP1 in which the Ras-binding site is blocked by an interdomain linker and the membrane-interaction surface of RasGRP1 is hidden within a dimerization interface that may be stabilized by the C-terminal oligomerization domain. NMR data demonstrate that calcium binding to the regulatory module generates substantial conformational changes that are incompatible with the inactive assembly. These features allow RasGRP1 to be maintained in an inactive state that is poised for activation by calcium and membrane-localization signals. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00813.001.
Linear magnetoresistance in metals: Guiding center diffusion in a smooth random potential (2015)

The puzzle of the observed nonsaturating and linear magnetoresistance in 3D Dirac materials is addressed by a new mechanism of magnetoresistance in metals that derives from the dynamics of ''squeezed'' electrons.
Two‐dimensional π‐conjugated metal‐organic framework with high electrical conductivity for electrochemical sensing (2018)

A two‐dimensional π‐conjugated metal‐organic framework (MOF) with long‐range delocalized electrons has been prepared and applied as modified electrode material without further post‐modification. The MOF (Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 ) is composed of Cu(II) centers and a redox‐active linker (2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene, HHTP). Compared to most MOFs, Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 displays higher electrical conductivity and charge storage capacity owing to the collective effect of metal ions and aromatic ligands with π–π conjugation. In order to confirm the superior properties of this material, the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) was conducted and the satisfactory results were obtained. The currents increase linearly with the concentration of DA in the range 5.0 × 10 −8 to 2.0 × 10 −4 M with a detection limit of 5.1 nM. Furthermore, Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 presents high selectivity and applicability in serum samples for electrochemical DA sensing. Overall, this material has excellent potential as a promising platform for establishing an MOF‐based electrochemical sensor.
Zero-Dispersion Wavelength Optimized Single-Mode Multi-Core Fiber for High-Speed Gigabit Ethernet (2017)

We demonstrated a single-mode 8-core fiber with the optimum zero-dispersion wavelength for a high-speed GbE system using 175-μm cladding and 250-μm coating diameters. The fabricated 8-core fiber is potentially applicable to 40-km bi-directional 1.6TbE transmission on one fiber.
Production of reduced graphene oxide‐based electrically conductive hydrogel by using modified chitosan (2019)

ABSTRACT Herein, a new approach was applied to produce reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐based conductive hydrogel by using modified chitosan (CTS) as a primary constituent. A variety amounts of RGO (from 0 to 15%) were incorporated into the polymeric network generated by photopolymerization of CTS‐graft‐glycidyl methacrylate (CTS‐g‐GMA) and poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA). The structures of hydrogels were confirmed by FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Water uptake capacity of hydrogels determined gravimetrically. L929 fibroblast cells were used for cytotoxicity test. According to conductivity measurements carried out by four‐point probe technique, the highest conductivity (1.716 × 10 −3 S/cm) was obtained when 10% RGO was encapsulated into the polymeric structure. From the results, it could be envisaged that electroconductive hydrogel (ECH) fabricated in this study could have a potential usage for biosensor applications in the future projects. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 48008.
New approaches for mapping the recognition sites in protein–GAG interactions: a study of GAG binding by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (2004)

Introduction The minimal size and structure of GAG that binds to a protein, as well as the site of GAG interaction on the protein surface, are crucial recognition features for understanding, and potentially modulating, protein–GAG interactions. Methods that are easily and generally applicable for investigating such interactions, irrespective of the GAG species involved, are very limited. We have been developing such methodologies using the example of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). We have previously shown HGF/SF to have an unusual GAG‐binding specificity, in that it binds with high affinity to, and is activated by, both heparan and dermatan sulfates. There are two naturally occurring, highly truncated variants of HGF/SF. These comprise only the N ‐terminus and either the first one (NK1) or two (NK2) of the four Kringle domains of the α‐chain of HGF/SF, and without a β‐chain. Some controversy presently exists as to whether GAG‐binding in HGF/SF requires the N ‐terminus alone, or additionally the second Kringle domain. Materials and methods We have developed a protocol for analysing protein–GAG interactions utilizing fluorescently tagged GAG oligosaccharides run in a protein gel mobility shift assay under native associative conditions. The activity of oligosaccharides has been assessed by their ability to stimulate HGF/SF‐mediated activation of signals downstream of the Met receptor in sulfated GAG‐deficient CHO pgsA‐ 745 cells. Results HS tetrasaccharides and DS hexasaccharides are the minimal binding and activatory species for HGF/SF. The basis for this size difference between HS and DS species is not presently known. However, their ability to efficiently compete with each other does indicate a shared binding site. The three proteins HGF/SF, NK1 and NK2 all display identical GAG‐binding specificities and minimal oligosaccharide‐binding sizes. This suggests that NK1, the smallest variant, contains the entire minimal GAG‐binding functionality of full‐length HGF/SF, and thus the second Kringle domain is not required. Identification of NK1 and tetrasaccharides as the minimal binding partners has allowed us to directly target the binding site on NK1. Fluorescently tagged tetrasaccharides have been crosslinked into the binding site on NK1 using the zero‐length crosslinking methodology. After tryptic digestion, the specific fluorescently tagged peptides can be recovered for subsequent sequencing to locate the GAG‐binding site within the known amino acid sequence of the protein. Discussion Methods have been developed which can help to identify the respective domains on both GAG and protein involved in GAG‐protein recognition. These are relatively easy approaches, applicable to physiological solution conditions and having the advantage of being widely applicable to many protein interactions involving any uronate‐containing GAGs. In addition to HGF/SF, the gel mobility shift assay has also been applied by us to a variety of other diverse proteins.
Knowledge That is Not Communicated is Wasted: JOSHA - Open Access With Author Copyright - German Version: Nicht kommuniziertes Wissen wird verschwendet: JOSHA - Open Access With Author Copyright (2018)

Universal access to knowledge is a fundamental principle of science and humanities. Today, however, publications of science and humanities are locked behind high paywalls and non-transparent selection procedures. In the efforts to resolve the misery, a first important milestone was the "Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities" of 2003. This year, a second milestone was reached: Eleven European research funding institutions have committed to require from 2020 on that all results from research funded by these institutions are published immediately in compliant Open Access journals or platforms. The negative liabilities of Peer-review procedures, including the "Semmelweis reflex" are shown to represent further barriers for an immediate universal dissemination of knowledge. To overcome inappropriate locking of science and humanities behind walls, the remaining future milestone is that authors retain a non-exclusive copyright.
New Image/Video Media and It's Application. Automatic Production of Hand-Painted Images. (1996)

Recently, the main focus of computer graphics has been the creation of photo-realistic images. In this paper, We consider hand-painted images with special emphasis on the generation of hand-painted images from natural pictures taken by a camera. We discuss the positioning of our painting algorithm in computer graphics, then explain the local image analysis. We provide further explanation of two painting algorithms based on data obtained from the image analysis. The Fourier transform and an oriented band-pass filter are used to obtain the local image analysis. One painting algorithm is generally a blurring algorithm in which the local image undergoes a blurring transform that depends on the local region. In the other painting algorithm, the image is formed from the painting of curved lines caused by the blush strokes. In this paper, we show hand-painted images using these algorithms.
Fracture Patterns Generated by Diffusion Controlled Volume Changing Reactions (2006)

A simple two-dimensional model was developed for the growth of fractures in a chemically decomposing solid. Simulations were carried out under rapid chemical decomposition conditions for which the kinetics of fracture growth is controlled by diffusion of the volatile reaction product or the kinetics of evaporation. The growth of the fracture pattern is self-sustaining due to the volume reduction associated with the decomposition process. Consistent with the theoretical analysis of Yakobson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1590 (1991)10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1590], the fracture front propagates with a constant velocity v approximately=k2/3(Dl0)1/3 under evaporation controlled conditions and v approximately=D/l0 under diffusion controlled conditions, where k is the evaporation rate constant, D is the diffusion constant for the volatile reaction product in the solid, and l0 is the critical stable crack length. Under diffusion controlled conditions, the front width w scales as w approximately=(kl0/)D.
Evidence for Increased Dopaminergic and Opioid Activity in Patients with Hypothalamic Hypogonadotropic Amenorrhea (1980)

Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine (T-002), and the General Clinical Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
Polyisocyanides (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Polymerization Mechanism Conformation of the Polymeric Backbone Polyisocyanopeptides Polyisocyanides as Scaffolds for the Anchoring of Chromophoric Molecules Functional Polyisocyanides Conclusions and Outlook References
Hydrodynamics in a gravity settling vessel: CFD modelling with LDA validation (2000)

Abstract Vertical gravity settling vessels, usually referred to as primary separation vessels (PSV), are used in separating bitumen aggregates from slurry containing sand and fine clays. The hydrodynamics in the PSV influences the separation efficiency of recovered bitumen through the overall mean flow and turbulent interaction. In order to deepen our understanding of the hydrodynamic conditions in such vessels, this paper presents a combined study of the flow field using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) to measure the velocity field, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to validate the CFD model. The investigation shows that the flow geometry has a significant influence on the overall flow pattern in such vessels. It also demonstrates that the CFD simulation is a reliable tool in capturing the complex mean flow pattern observed in experiments. Use of different turbulent models such as the standard k‐ε model and Reynolds stress model has very little effect on the mean flow field.
Quantification of organ motion based on an adaptive image‐based scale invariant feature method (2013)

The application of the method to a 4D lung CT patient dataset demonstrated adaptive-SIFT potential as an automatic tool to detect landmarks for DIR regularization and internal motion quantification. Future works should include the optimization of the computational cost and the application of the method to other anatomical sites and image modalities.
Speciation of gold(III)–L-histidine complex: a multi-instrumental approach (2000)

The formation and structure of gold (III)-L-histidine complex was investigated with the use of carbon (13C) and proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE), capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (CE-ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and laser desorption mass spectroscopy (LDMS). It was found that two L-histidine molecules and one gold ion slowly form a complex in acidic solution. Each L-histidine molecule provided two nitrogen ligands; one was the alpha-amino group and the other from the imidazole ring. The Au(III)-bis-L-histidine complex precipitates after deprotonation of the free carboxylic group, resulting in an increase in the solution acidity. Determination of the exact sequence of events and the identity of the complex was a comprehensive instrumental analysis problem involving the above techniques.
Association of Serum Cytokines, Human Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGF-Binding Protein (IGFBP)-3 with Coronary Artery Disease (2012)

The roles that serum cytokines, human growth hormone (h-GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 play in coronary artery disease (CAD) are not completely clear. A total of 80 participants comprising 20 patients with stable angina (SA), 20 patients with unstable angina (UA), 20 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 20 healthy control subjects were recruited during the period January 2010 to August 2010. Blood samples were drawn from all participants on admission and one week later in MI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We found that MI patients had significantly lower levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3, and significantly higher levels of h-GH, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and IL-10 than controls. Furthermore, patients with SA or UA had higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of IGF-II than control subjects. Moreover, h-GH, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and IL-6 levels returned to within normal range in MI patients one week after PCI. Our preliminary findings suggest that TNF-α and IGF-II are potential biomarkers of early CAD. Furthermore, h-GH, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP- 3 and IL-6 might be predictors of and potential modifiable targets for MI.
MPB59, a Widely Cross-Reacting Protein of <i>Mycobacterium bovis </i>BCG (1986)

The MPB59 protein of Mycobacterium bovis BCG was purified to homogeneity from culture fluid of BCG substrain Tokyo, and characterized by biochemical and immunological techniques. The molecular weight was 28,000, determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the pI value was 5.3. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined for 32 steps and showed no significant homology with MPB64, MPB70 or MPB80. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis, MPB59 was found to belong to the BCG antigen 85 complex and identified as corresponding to the 85B component of this complex. The protein cross-reacted extensively with other species of mycobacteria, and induced a marked humoral immune response in armadillos and monkeys during development of systemic mycobacterial infection after inoculation with Mycobacterium leprae.
Cross‐linkers control the viscoelastic properties of soybean oil‐based biomaterials (2004)

Abstract Because of environmental concerns, biodegradable materials have been of increasing research interest over the last several years. Previously, we reported on a biobased material developed from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) that displayed viscoelastic behavior similar to synthetic rubbers or plastics. In this work, the viscoelastic properties of several biomaterials made from ESO cross‐linked by different amounts of two different cross‐linking agents were investigated. The composites exhibited different glass transition temperatures and viscoelastic behaviors depending on the type and amount of cross‐linker used. Higher glass transition temperatures and stronger viscoelastic properties of the materials were found with a greater amount of cross‐linker. Comparing agent triethylene glycol diamine (TGD) with agent triethylenetriamine (TETA), we found that the material cross‐linked by TETA had a higher glass transition temperature and stronger viscoelastic solid properties than the material cross‐linked by the agent TGD.
Renewable Energy Systems for Demand-Side Management in Industrial Facilities (2021)

Abstract Due to high energy usage and power demand in industrial facilities, demand-side management (DSM) can simultaneously yield substantial energy cost savings for the facility and reduce the load on the power grid. There are many means of DSM, the most common being peak clipping, which is easily done with renewable energy systems and other power-generating devices. In this work, renewable energy systems (RESs) are critically reviewed and compared based on their application to industrial demand-side management (IDSM). Specifically, the RESs reviewed herein include photovoltaics, wind turbines, geothermal, and hybrid renewable energy systems. These devices are introduced, followed by a discussion of their advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility for use in IDSM. Most importantly, the reduction in the carbon footprint of power generation plants resulting from the use of RESs for IDSM is investigated. Comparisons are made based upon rated power, capital costs, O&amp;M costs, levelized cost of energy, and the feasibility for use in industrial facilities. Using the values in the cost comparisons, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is derived for each device and used in a techno-economic analysis comparing the cost savings for the different RESs for a hypothetical plant.
Mise en oeuvre de MOF sous forme monolithique à partir d'émulsions de Pickering (2019)

International audience
Positioning, displacement, and localization of cells using ultrasonic forces (2005)

This paper presents a method and a device to position and displace cells. The cells are suspended in a fluid layer trapped between the device and an arbitrary surface such as an object slide or a wafer. The device vibrates at ultrasonic frequencies causing a pressure field in the fluid layer. This pressure field results in a force-field capable of positioning cells. Depending on the way in which the device is excited a 2-D or 3-D force-field can be generated, positioning the cells in lines or points respectively. Furthermore, it is possible to subsequently displace the cells with micrometer accuracy. This has been demonstrated using HL60 and MCF10A cells, and can be achieved without causing damage to the cells.
Altered visual processing in the mdx52 mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2021)

The mdx52 mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is lacking exon 52 of the DMD gene that is located in a hotspot mutation region causing cognitive deficits and retinal anomalies in DMD patients. This deletion leads to the loss of the dystrophin proteins, Dp427, Dp260 and Dp140, while Dp71 is preserved. The flash electroretinogram (ERG) in mdx52 mice was previously characterized by delayed dark-adapted b-waves. A detailed description of functional ERG changes and visual performances in mdx52 mice is, however, lacking. Here an extensive full-field ERG repertoire was applied in mdx52 mice and WT littermates to analyze retinal physiology in scotopic, mesopic and photopic conditions in response to flash, sawtooth and/or sinusoidal stimuli. Behavioral contrast sensitivity was assessed using quantitative optomotor response (OMR) to sinusoidally modulated luminance gratings at 100% or 50% contrast. The mdx52 mice exhibited reduced amplitudes and delayed implicit times in dark-adapted ERG flash responses, particularly in their b-wave and oscillatory potentials, and diminished amplitudes of light-adapted flash ERGs. ERG responses to sawtooth stimuli were also diminished and delayed for both mesopic and photopic conditions in mdx52 mice and the first harmonic amplitudes to photopic sine-wave stimuli were smaller at all temporal frequencies. OMR indices were comparable between genotypes at 100% contrast but significantly reduced in mdx52 mice at 50% contrast. The complex ERG alterations and disturbed contrast vision in mdx52 mice include features observed in DMD patients and suggest altered photoreceptor-to-bipolar cell transmission possibly affecting contrast sensitivity. The mdx52 mouse is a relevant model to appraise the roles of retinal dystrophins and for preclinical studies related to DMD.
Single-mode fibers by the OVD process (1982)

Single-mode fibers made by the inside vapor deposition process and the axial vapor deposition process have been widely reported in the literature. This paper describes progress made in fabrication of single-mode fibers by the outside vapor deposition (OVD) process.
Decentralized Overlay for Federation of Enterprise Clouds (2011)

This chapter describes Aneka-Federation, a decentralized and distributed system that combines enterprise Clouds, overlay networking, and structured peer-to-peer techniques to create scalable wide-area networking of compute nodes for high-throughput computing. The Aneka-Federation integrates numerous small scale Aneka Enterprise Cloud services and nodes that are distributed over multiple control and enterprise domains as parts of a single coordinated resource leasing abstraction. The system is designed with the aim of making distributed enterprise Cloud resource integration and application programming flexible, efficient, and scalable. The system is engineered such that it: enables seamless integration of existing Aneka Enterprise Clouds as part of single wide-area resource leasing federation; self-organizes the system components based on a structured peer-to-peer routing methodology; and presents end-users with a distributed application composition environment that can support variety of programming and execution models. This chapter describes the design and implementation of a novel, extensible and decentralized peer-to-peer technique that helps to discover, connect and provision the services of Aneka Enterprise Clouds among the users who can use different programming models to compose their applications. Evaluations of the system with applications that are programmed using the Task and Thread execution models on top of an overlay of Aneka Enterprise Clouds have been described here.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.