gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of imbalanced oral cancer image data from high-risk population (2021)

Experimental results show that the class bias induced by imbalanced oral cancer image datasets could be reduced using both data- and algorithm-level methods. Our study may provide an important basis for helping understand the influence of unbalanced datasets on oral cancer deep learning classifiers and how to mitigate.
3D Point Cloud and BIM Component Retrieval for Subway Stations via Deep Learning (2022)

It is urgent to digitize the subway equipment to detect the changes in the components in the subway station in time. In this paper, we use the 3D point cloud of the subway station as a benchmark, compare it with the completed BIM model of the subway station, find out the changes in the components of the subway station, and retrieve 3D point cloud and BIM model components. First, we obtained 3D point cloud and BIM model components in Xiamen Metro Station. Second, we labeled 140 pairs of matched 3D point cloud components and BIM model component point cloud. Third, we constructed a Siamese network which embedded triplet loss to learn the feature descriptors of 3D point cloud and BIM model components, and then retrieve 3D point cloud components to BIM model components. Experimental results show that our proposed method realize the retrieval of 3D point cloud components to BIM model components in the subway station environment.
Manufacture of RP tools with high quality surface finish using high temperature epoxy resin and electroless nickel plating (2000)

Rapid tooling is gaining increasing attention in the manufacturing sector, especially for the development of new products, owing to its distinctive characteristics. Rapid prototyping techniques can be used in this prospective manufacturing area to produce tooling either directly or indirectly. Although powder metal based rapid prototyping systems are considered most effective for rapid tooling, the requirements for injection moulding are not yet fully attained. In the present study, rapid tooling produced by direct laser sintering of metal powder has been investigated with the aim of improving its quality for industrial acceptance. High temperature epoxy resin was used to fill the pores to improve compressive strength, and electroless nickel plating was employed to enhance hardness, conductivity, ductility, lubricity, wear, and abrasion resistance without affecting dimensional accuracy. Results demonstrate that these techniques possess significant potential for rapid tool production.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Synthesis of Phthalaldehyde. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Extending Mpeg-audio Layer III to Wideband Speech Coding (2005)

There is a gray zone between classical speech coders, working on speech signals sampled at 8 kHz, and high quality audio coders, working on audio signals sampled at 32 kHz and higher. In the last years, several systems have been proposed which fill this gray zone from both ends. These systems include wide band speech coding systems as well as high quality audio coding systems working with reduced bandwidth. This paper describes the extension of the ISO/IEC high quality audio coding standard IS 11172-3 (MPEG-Audio) to lower sampling rates. The focus is on extensions of the Layer III of MPEG-Audio.
Peptide Growth Factors and Myofibroblasts in Capsules Around Human Breast Implants (1993)

Peptide growth factors were mapped immunohistochemically for assessment of their presumed relation to the cells in capsules enveloping gel-filled, smooth-surfaced silicone mammary implants (12 capsules from 11 women). The implant capsules were dominated by fibroblast-like cells, but there were as well macrophages, inflammatory cells, and vascular cells. These cells expressed immunoreactivity for TGF-beta, IGF-II, IGF-I, and, to a lesser extent, PDGFB, NGF, and TNF-alpha. The numerous spindle-shaped cells in the contracted capsules displayed several distinct cytoplasmic actin bundles and fulfilled ultrastructural criteria for myofibroblasts. In contrast, myofibroblasts were recognized in low frequencies in the noncontracted capsules. Mature skin scar tissue did not show any peptide growth factor immunoreactivity, and myofibroblasts were absent. It is postulated that the low-grade chronic inflammatory foreign-body reaction, aggravated by mechanical stress and possible leakage of irritants, stimulates capsule cells to form peptide growth factors, reflecting that extended healing processes prevail in both noncontracted and contracted capsules. We propose that the local enrichment of peptide growth factors, beneficial for acute wound healing, in the chronically irritated tissue around implants provides trophic support for the contractile cells in the implant capsules.
Localizing the Membrane Binding Region of Group VIA Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 Using Peptide Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (2009)

The Group VIA-2 Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (GVIA-2 iPLA(2)) is composed of seven consecutive N-terminal ankyrin repeats, a linker region, and a C-terminal phospholipase catalytic domain. No structural information exists for this enzyme, and no information is known about the membrane binding surface. We carried out deuterium exchange experiments with the GVIA-2 iPLA(2) in the presence of both phospholipid substrate and the covalent inhibitor methyl arachidonoyl fluorophosphonate and located regions in the protein that change upon lipid binding. No changes were seen in the presence of only methyl arachidonoyl fluorophosphonate. The region with the greatest change upon lipid binding was region 708-730, which showed a >70% decrease in deuteration levels at numerous time points. No decreases in exchange due to phospholipid binding were seen in the ankyrin repeat domain of the protein. To locate regions with changes in exchange on the enzyme, we constructed a computational homology model based on homologous structures. This model was validated by comparing the deuterium exchange results with the predicted structure. Our model combined with the deuterium exchange results in the presence of lipid substrate have allowed us to propose the first structural model of GVIA-2 iPLA(2) as well as the interfacial lipid binding region.
Identification of genes differentially expressed in breast cancer cell line SKBR3: Potential identification of new prognostic biomarkers (2004)

The identification of differentially expressed genes in tumour cells should have important implications in understanding carcinogenesis and developing new therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers. We have combined PCR-based cDNA subtraction and Northern blotting to identify truly differentially expressed genes in breast cancer cell line SKBR3 as compared to normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Hybridizing probe molecules were rescued from the Hybond N+ membranes and then PCR reamplified. The PCR reamplification is possible due to the fact that all probe molecules contain the same pair of adapter sequences on both ends. After cloning and sequencing three known genes, ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19), ADP/ATP carrier protein and ErbB-2 with high-elevated mRNA levels in SKBR3 were identified. In addition, two overexpressed genes with unknown functions, CXYorf1-related protein and hypothetical protein PRO2605, were found. High-titer andibodies against the recombinant RPL19 were detected in 5 patients out of 50 patients investigated. Thus, the present novel strategy based on the combination of PCR-based cDNA subtraction and Northern blotting should facilitate the identification of truly differentially expressed biomarkers, which may offer the potential to determine the proper drug for an individual patient at a given stage of disease or treatment.
CDK5-induced p-PPARγ(Ser 112) downregulates GFAP via PPREs in developing rat brain: effect of metal mixture and troglitazone in astrocytes (2014)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a group of ligand-activated transcriptional factors, is expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive astrocytes. Here, we investigated the role of PPARγ in regulating GFAP using a mixture of As, Cd and Pb (metal mixture, MM) that induces apoptosis and aberrant morphology in rat brain astrocytes. We observed a phospho PPARγ (serine 112 (S112)) (p-PPARγ (S112))-mediated downregulation of GFAP in the MM-exposed astrocytes. We validated this using pure PPARγ agonist, troglitazone (TZ). As reported with MM, TZ induced astrocyte damage owing to reduced GFAP. In silico analysis in the non-coding region of GFAP gene revealed two PPARγ response elements (PPREs); inverted repeat 10 and direct repeat 1 sequences. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated enhancement in binding of p-PPARγ (S112) to the sequences, and luciferase reporter assay revealed strong repression of GFAP via PPREs, in response to both MM and TZ. This indicated that suppression in GFAP indeed occurs through direct regulation of these elements by p-PPARγ (S112). Signaling studies proved that MM, as well as TZ, activated the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and enhanced its interaction with PPARγ resulting into increased p-PPARγ (S112). The p-CDK5 levels were dependent on proximal activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and downstream Jun N-terminal kinase. Taken together, these results are the first to delineate downregulation of GFAP through genomic and non-genomic signaling of PPARγ. It also brings forth a resemblance of TZ with MM in terms of astrocyte disarray in developing brain.
Spectrum Aggregation in Cognitive Radio Access Networks from Power Control Perspective (2013)

Spectrum scarcity has motivated researchers and standardization bodies to work towards flexible spectrum usage. One of the solutions, Spectrum Aggregation, as proposed by 3GPP, is a way to increase wireless capacity through providing additional bandwidth to users. This chapter presents the Spectrum Aggregation scenario as it is proposed to be incorporated in LTE-Advanced. Furthermore, the interesting extensions of FP7 SACRA European research project regarding Spectrum Aggregation are described. The business and the functional aspects stemming from the incorporation of this solution in the LTE-Advanced networks are presented in detail. From the functionalities that are the cornerstone of the Spectrum Aggregation, namely spectrum sensing, admission control, and power control, the latter one is studied, which is not thoroughly investigated yet, and the authors present its key features. Moreover, a typical power control algorithm is described and enhanced with learning capabilities and policies in order to meet the requirements of the Spectrum Aggregation scenario; the simulation results highlight the need for power control schemes in Spectrum Aggregation cases.
Messaging about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) to influence policy attitudes, harm perceptions and smoking motivations: a discrete choice experiment (2022)

Harm and chemical information can be prioritised to ensure VLNCs are not misperceived as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Messages about increased quitting efficacy and reduced addictiveness associated with VLNCs may backfire if presented to those who do not smoke.
La enseñanza de la Economía en la Universidad: el reto de su revisión (2015)

En este trabajo se pasa revista a la situacion de los estudios universitarios en Economia a raiz del movimiento internacional tendente a introducir sustanciales cambios en los contenidos de los programas academicos y en la metodologia empleada para su imparticion. El trabajo se estructura en tres partes: inicialmente se analiza la genesis de dicho movimiento; posteriormente se aborda la puesta en cuestion de la metodologia economica; finalmente se apuntan posibles lineas de revision a introducir en el enfoque estandar de la Economia.
The POLARBEAR-2 experiment (2012)

POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment observing at Atacama plateau in Chile. PB-2 is designed to improve the sensitivity to measure the CMB B-mode polarization by upgrading the current POLARBEAR-1 receiver that is currently mounted on the Huan Tran telescope. The improvements in PB-2 include, i) the dual band observations at 95 GHz and 150 GHz in each pixel using an sinuous antenna, ii) the increase of the total number of detectors, 7588 Al-Ti bilayer transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, iii) the bath temperature of bolometers at 100mK in the second phase of observation (300mK in the first phase.) With the expected sensitivity of 5.7 μK √ s, PB-2 is sensitive to a tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, of 0.01 at 95% confidence level (CL) and constrains the sum of neutrino masses as 90meV by PB-2 alone and 40meV by combining PB-2 and Planck at 68% CL. We schedule to deploy in 2014.
Single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core architectures: the potential for processor power reduction (2004)

This paper proposes and evaluates single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core architectures as a mechanism to reduce processor power dissipation. Our design incorporates heterogeneous cores representing different points in the power/performance design space; during an application's execution, system software dynamically chooses the most appropriate core to meet specific performance and power requirements. Our evaluation of this architecture shows significant energy benefits. For an objective function that optimizes for energy efficiency with a tight performance threshold, for 14 SPEC benchmarks, our results indicate a 39% average energy reduction while only sacrificing 3% in performance. An objective function that optimizes for energy-delay with looser performance bounds achieves, on average, nearly a factor of three improvements in energy-delay product while sacrificing only 22% in performance. Energy savings are substantially more than chip-wide voltage/frequency scaling.
Primed acquisition and microhomology-mediated end-joining cooperate to confer specific CRISPR immunity against invasive genetic elements (2019)

Abstract CRISPR-Cas systems provide archaea and bacteria with adaptive immunity against invasive genetic elements through acquisition of invader-derived spacers. De novo spacer acquisition generally adapts spacers from both invaders and hosts with a bias towards invaders, while primed acquisition shows higher specificity to adapt spacers from invaders. Here, in Zymomonas mobilis subtype I-F system, primed acquisition showed much higher efficiency than de novo acquisition in this system. However, both routes recognised a large proportion of protospacers with the less conserved 5’-end CC PAM. Moreover, primed acquisition showed a preference towards protospacers located at the opposite strand and 3’ direction of the priming protospacer sites, differing from the canonical subtype I-F system. Further, self-spacers were adapted at a higher frequency during de novo spacer acquisition, probably leading to self-interference. Importantly, this species employed microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) for repair of host DNA breaks guided by self-targeted spacers, and overexpression of a host NAD + -dependent Ligase-A significantly increased the repair efficiency. In summary, our findings demonstrate that Z. mobilis uses primed acquisition for higher specific uptake of invader DNA and employs MMEJ to repair host DNA breaks guided by self-targeted spacers, showing specific immunity against invasive genetic elements.
Prevention of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Using Investigational Medicines for the Inner Ear: Previous Trial Outcomes Should Inform Future Trial Design (2021)

<b><i>Significance:</i></b> Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an important public health issue resulting in decreased quality of life for affected individuals, and significant costs to employers and governmental agencies. <b><i>Recent Advances:</i></b> Advances in the mechanistic understanding of NIHL have prompted a growing number of proposed, in-progress, and completed clinical trials for possible protections against NIHL <i>via</i> antioxidants and other drug agents. Thirty-one clinical trials evaluating prevention of either temporary or permanent NIHL were identified and are reviewed. <b><i>Critical Issues:</i></b> This review revealed little consistency in the noise-exposed populations in which drugs are evaluated or the primary outcomes used to measure NIHL prevention. Changes in pure-tone thresholds were the most common primary outcomes; specific threshold metrics included both average hearing loss and incidence of significant hearing loss. Changes in otoacoustic emission (OAE) amplitude were relatively common secondary outcomes. Extended high-frequency (EHF) hearing and speech-in-noise perception are commonly adversely affected by noise exposure but are not consistently included in clinical trials assessing prevention of NIHL. <b><i>Future Directions:</i></b> Multiple criteria are available for monitoring NIHL, but the specific criterion to be used to define clinically significant otoprotection remains a topic of discussion. Audiogram-based primary outcome measures can be combined with secondary outcomes, including OAE amplitude, EHF hearing, speech-in-noise testing, tinnitus surveys, and patient-reported outcomes. Standardization of test protocols for the above primary and secondary outcomes, and associated reporting criterion for each, would facilitate clinical trial design and comparison of results across investigational drug agents. <i>Antioxid. Redox Signal</i>. 36, 1171-1202.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the E‐cadherin gene promoter modifies the risk of prostate cancer (2002)

E-cadherin plays a major role in intercellular adhesion, cell polarity and tissue architecture. We determined the relative risk of PCa associated with a previously reported C/A SNP at -160 bp relative to the transcription-start site of the E-cadherin gene promoter. Eighty-two PCa patients and 188 controls were genotyped. Genotype and allele frequencies differed significantly among cases and controls. A-allele carriers had a higher relative risk of PCa (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 2.0-6.4) compared to C-only carriers. AC and AA genotypes had an increased risk of PCa (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.1-6.8 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.4-6.6, respectively) compared to CC genotypes.
Immune Response of Mice Transgenic for Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen-DR to Human Thyrotropin Receptor-Extracellular Domain (2009)

T-cell and B-cell responses to genetic immunization differ in DR3 and DR2 transgenic mice, and there is less genetic control of antibody than of T-cell responses. During both genomic and peptide epitope immunization there was evidence of epitope spreading during the immunization. Several functionally important epitopes are evident, especially aa78-94. However, if similar progressive epitope recruitment occurs in human disease, epitope-based therapy will be difficult to achieve.
Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (2005)

IN BRIEF Diabetic peripheral neuropathy affects up to 50% of older type 2 diabetic patients. Whereas some patients may have extremely painful symptoms, others with a more marked neuropathic deficit may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis requires careful examination of the lower limbs. Management involves establishing that the neuropathy is caused by diabetes instead of more sinister causes and aiming for optimal glycemic control. Medications, usually tricyclic drugs or anticonvulsant agents, may be required. Patients with peripheral neuropathy must be considered at risk of insensate foot ulceration and must receive preventive education and podiatric care.
Development of Temperature Sensitive Paints for the Detection of Small Temperature Differences (1997)

Temperature sensitive paints (TSP s) have recently been used to detect small temperature differences on aerodynamic model surfaces. These types of applications impose stringent performance requirements on a paint system. The TSP s must operate over a broad temperature range, must be physically robust (cannot chip or peel), must be polishable to at least the smoothness of the model surface, and must have sufficient sensitivity to detect small temperature differences. TSP coatings based on the use of metal complexes in polymer binders were developed at NASA Langley Research Center which meet most of the requirements for detection of small temperature differences under severe environmental conditions.
Automatic Handwriting Verification (AHV). (1981)

Abstract : Over a four-month period, 5,220 signatures and 1,740 numeric 'Signatures' were collected from 59 subjects writing with the SRI pen. Twelve trained 'forgers' attempted 648 forgeries; they were given copies of the true signer signatures as well as information about how the SRI system works and what measures would be used to perform the signature verification. The forgers were also allowed to practice their forgeries and to view video tapes of the true signers writing their signatures. Data were analyzed to determine Type I/Type II error curves and average access time. For typical conditions, the True vs. Forgeries Type I/Type II equal-error rate was on the order of one percent, and the average access time, including the time to write the signature, was 8.5 seconds. These results are based on a features algorithm for signature verification using the same set of features for all subjects. It is shown that significant improvement may be achieved with the features technique if the feature sets are individualized for each user. Even greater improvement can be achieved with a correlation method of analysis, although this requires an increase in memory storage costs and computer processing time. (Author)
Design and testing of a helicopter propeller performance (2019)

In order to develop the infrastructure (propeller performance test rig) and fulfil the requirement of University syllabus, an approach has been made to design and testing of a helicopter propeller based on the slipstream theory and blade geometry of an aerofoil for study purposes. The test rig was successfully fabricated and tested in the wind tunnel laboratory. The geometry of the propeller, the height of the blade 0.765m, Chord at root 12.8 mm, mean 13.8mm and tip 6.94mm, the thickness of the blade at root 14mm, at mean 9mm and tip 2.55mm have been chosen from the existing conventional blade. This is the in-house project and successfully carried out with small funding support from the present management of the Institution . The angle of attack from 8.2- 31 degrees has been chosen from the blade. The propeller efficiency of 78% has been achieved by conducting a series of experiments in the test rig. Since the test rig was established for conducting the student’s experiments and hence we used only a U-tube manometer connected to Pitot tube for measuring flow and maintained a constant speed of the propeller around 500 rpm. Advantage of this test rig was simple in design and operation, an absolute requirement of this test rig because of the no suppliers came forward to supply the rig for the student's experiments, reduced vibrations and very least-cost method and economics. Theoretical pressure distribution of the propeller has been studied based on the Euler energy equations by using commercial NISA compressible fluid package and results were compared with the measured results found within the acceptable limits. Presently, Aeronautical engineering branch students conducting experiments using this test rig.