gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bias-Field-Free Microwave Oscillator Driven by Perpendicularly Polarized Spin Current (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel design of spin-torque-driven microwave oscillator that is free of bias magnetic field. The oscillator consists of a perpendicularly magnetized spin-polarization layer and an oscillating bilayer. The oscillating bilayer comprises a spin-torque-driven layer and a magnetic layer of perpendicular anisotropy with adequate interlayer-exchange coupling. The perpendicularly spin-polarized current can yield a sustained stable magnetization oscillation in the oscillating bilayer around the perpendicular easy axis. The oscillating frequency can be tuned from zero to tens of gigahertz by varying the inject current density. The underlying physical mechanism of the oscillation is discussed, and a micromagnetic analysis on the characteristics of the oscillator is reported
Catalytic conversion of fluoroalkyl alkyl ethers to carbonyl compounds (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic conversion of fluoroalkyl alkyl ethers to carbonyl compoundsDavid C. EnglandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 21, 4007–4008Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00195a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00195a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views514Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Fireflies to Fault-Tolerant Swarms of Robots (2009)

One of the essential benefits of swarm robotic systems is redundancy. In case one robot breaks down, another robot can take steps to repair the failed robot or take over the failed robot's task. Although fault tolerance and robustness to individual failures have often been central arguments in favor of swarm robotic systems, few studies have been dedicated to the subject. In this paper, we take inspiration from the synchronized flashing behavior observed in some species of fireflies. We derive a completely decentralized algorithm to detect non-operational robots in a swarm robotic system. Each robot flashes by lighting up its on-board light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and neighboring robots are driven to flash in synchrony. Since robots that are suffering catastrophic failures do not flash periodically, they can be detected by operational robots. We explore the performance of the proposed algorithm both on a real-world swarm robotic system and in simulation. We show that failed robots are detected correctly and in a timely manner, and we show that a system composed of robots with simulated self-repair capabilities can survive relatively high failure rates.
Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Protects Mitochondria from Lipid Peroxidation in Glioblastoma (2021)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to chemotherapies, immune-based therapies, and targeted inhibitors. To identify novel drug targets, we screened orthotopically implanted, patient-derived glioblastoma sphere-forming cells using an RNAi library to probe essential tumor cell metabolic programs. This identified high dependence on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. We focused on medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), which oxidizes medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), due to its consistently high score and high expression among models and upregulation in GBM compared with normal brain. Beyond the expected energetics impairment, MCAD depletion in primary GBM models induced an irreversible cascade of detrimental metabolic effects characterized by accumulation of unmetabolized MCFAs, which induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, irreversible mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Our data uncover a novel protective role for MCAD to clear lipid molecules that may cause lethal cell damage, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of MCFA catabolism may exploit a key metabolic feature of GBM. SIGNIFICANCE: MCAD exerts a protective role to prevent accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products in glioma cells, actively catabolizing lipid species that would otherwise affect mitochondrial integrity and induce cell death. This work represents a first demonstration of a nonenergetic role for dependence on fatty acid metabolism in cancer.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659</i>.
The adsorption protein of bacteriophage fd and its neighbour minor coat protein build a structural entity (1994)

The adsorption protein g3p and another minor coat protein, g6p, are located at one end of the filamentous bacteriophage fd [Grant, R.A., Lin, T.C., Konigsberg, W.E. & Webster, R.E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 539-546]. Both proteins, representing the proximal tip, were detached as an entity by a technique that allowed for gentle solubilization. Disrupting the phage particle with the detergent sodium deoxycholate and chloroform dissociates the major coat protein g8p, frees the phage DNA, but leaves g3p and g6p associated with each other. The g3p-g6p complex, which we termed the adsorption complex, and an oligomeric form of g3p with lower molecular mass were isolated and purified by gel-filtration chromatography in the presence of deoxycholate. These different oligomeric structures of g3p showed a different mobility in non-denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Both forms were also found in non-denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis from deoxycholate- and Triton-X-100-solubilized phage without prior chromatographic separation. The two oligomeric forms of g3p are composed of two g3p polypeptide chains in the case of the low-molecular-mass species, and four g3p and four g6p polypeptide chains for the adsorption complex.
Production and Role of Extracellular Guanosine Cyclic 3′, 5′ Monophosphate in Sodium Uptake in Human Proximal Tubule Cells (2004)

The present study was designed to determine the capability of human renal proximal tubule (RPT) to generate and export guanosine cyclic 3', 5' monophosphate (cGMP) in response to direct stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by nitric oxide (NO) donors. In addition, we investigated whether cGMP extrusion from human RPT cells is required for inhibition of cellular sodium uptake. RPT cells were cultured from fresh human kidneys (normotensive subjects, n=4, mean age 65+/-4.7 years, 3 men, 1 woman; hypertensive patients, n=6, mean age 64+/-6.1 years, 4 men, 2 women) after unilateral nephrectomy. The fluorescence dye Sodium Green was employed to determine cytoplasmic Na+ concentration. In the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain, fluorescence was monitored at the appropriate wavelength (excitation 485 nm, emission 535 nm). Nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 10(-4) M), increased both intracellular and extracellular cGMP (from 1.26+/-0.21 to 88.7+/-12.6 pmol/mg protein and from 0.58+/-0.10 to 9.24+/-1.9 pmol/mL, respectively, P<0.01) and decreased cellular Na+ uptake by 37.4+/-6.8% (P<0.05) compared with control. The effects of SNAP on cGMP production were similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The increases in intracellular and extracellular cGMP concentration because of SNAP were blocked completely by soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1-H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,2-alpha] quinoxalin-1-one). Probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor, augmented the SNAP (10(-6) M)-induced increase in intracellular cGMP accumulation (from 4.9+/-0.9 to 9.8+/-1.5 pmol/mg protein, P<0.05), abrogated the SNAP-induced increase in extracellular cGMP extrusion (from 1.07+/-0.4 to 0.37+/-0.1 pmol/L, P<0.05) and blocked the SNAP-induced reduction in cellular Na+ uptake. Neither intracellular nor extracellular cGMP were influenced by l-arginine, the metabolic precursor of NO, or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of NO synthase. After exogenous administration of cGMP (10(-5) M) or its membrane-permeable analogue 8-Br-cGMP (10(-5) M), only 8-Br-cGMP crossed the cell membrane to increase intracellular cGMP (from 1.36+/-0.19 to 289.7+/-29.4 pmol/mg protein, P<0.01). However, both cGMP and 8-Br-cGMP were effective in decreasing cellular Na+ uptake. In conclusion, human RPT cells contain soluble guanylyl cyclase and are able to generate and export cGMP in response to NO. Because human RPT cells do not themselves contain constitutive NO synthase, the NO-generating cGMP must be derived from sources outside the human RPT. The cGMP cellular export system is critical in the regulation of RPT cellular Na+ absorption in humans.
Characterisation of the Temperature-dependent Dark Rate of Hamamatsu R7081-100 10" Photomultiplier Tubes (2023)

Dark noise is a dominant background in photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which are commonly used in liquid-filled particle detectors for single-photon detection to see the results of particle interactions. A major contribution to dark noise is thermionic emission from the photocathode. The dark noise of Hamamatsu R7081-100 PMTs is characterised in a temperature and purity controlled water tank, with the thermionic emission contribution isolated. The results suggest that the intrinsic dark rate of PMTs does not depend on the medium, but does follow Richardson's law of thermionic emission. There are external contributions to the overall observed PMT count rate identified, but the intrinsic PMT dark rate in water matches that measured in air.
Modified Mg–Al hydrotalcite: a highly active heterogeneous base catalyst for cyanoethylation of alcohols (1998)

Modified Mg–Al hydrotalcite (Mg:Al = 3:1) prepared by thermal decarbonation followed by rehydration of a conventional Mg–Al hydrotalcite is found to be a highly active, reusable and air stable catalyst for cyanoethylation of alcohols.
A Digital PLL Scheme for Three-Phase System Using Modified Synchronous Reference Frame (2010)

This paper proposes a novel phase-locked loop (PLL) control strategy to synthesize unit vector using the modified synchronous reference frame (MSRF) instead of the traditional synchronous reference frame. The unit vector is used for vector rotation or inverse rotation in vector-controlled three-phase grid-connected converting equipment. The developed MSRF-PLL is fast in transient response compared to standard PLL technique. The performance is robust against disturbances on the grid, voltage wave with harmonic distortion, and noise. The proposed algorithm has been analyzed in detail and was fully implemented digitally using digital signal processor TMS320F2812. The experimental evaluation of the MSRF-PLL in a shunt active power filter confirms its fast dynamic response, noise immunity, and applicability.
[Current status and trends in the development of neurosurgery]. (1984)

After a short historical survey will be reported about the actual position of neurosurgery, with special aspects to problems of operative techniques. The consequences of the tendencies of development of neurosurgery are discussed.
Design consideration of emitter-base junction structure for InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (2002)

An InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with an 50 /spl Aring/ undoped spacer and /spl delta/-doping sheet at base-emitter heterointerface is fabricated and studied. A common-emitter current gain of 280 and an offset voltage as small as 55 mV are obtained, respectively. This results show that high current gain and low offset voltage can be attained simultaneously without the passivation of emitter-base junction. From the experimental results, it shows that the potential spike is indeed reduced by the employment of an /spl delta/-doped layer and spacer simultaneously. On the other hand, theoretical consideration also shows that the potential spike is removed by inserting a /spl delta/-doping sheet between the emitter-base heterointerface.
The effects of native and modified bovine serum albumin on the permeability of frog mesenteric capillaries. (1985)

Single capillaries in the mesenteries of pithed frogs were perfused sequentially with two frog Ringer solutions. The first solution contained no protein; the second solution contained either native or chemically modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 3-5 mg ml-1. During each perfusion capillary permeability was assessed from the hydraulic conductivity of the capillary wall (Lp) which was determined from measurements of fluid filtration rate at two or more different capillary pressures (Michel, Mason, Curry, Tooke & Hunter, 1974). Lp measured during perfusion with protein-free Ringer solution was on average three times greater than its value for the same vessel perfused with Ringer solution containing native BSA. This confirms the findings of Mason, Curry & Michel (1977). BSA, which had been succinylated to modify the free amino groups of its lysine residues, appeared to be as effective as native BSA in reducing Lp. After modification of its arginine side chains by exposure to 1,2-cyclohexanedione (CHD) in the presence of 0.2 M-NaOH, BSA lost its property of reducing Lp in capillaries perfused with Ringer solution. Exposure of BSA to 0.2 M-NaOH followed by dialysis against normal Ringer solution did not affect its property of reducing Lp. CHD-treated BSA at a concentration of 2.5 mg ml-1 had no effect upon the effective osmotic pressure exerted across capillary walls by Ringer perfusates containing the neutral polymer Ficoll 70 at a concentration of 40 mg ml-1. Native BSA raised the effective osmotic pressure from 7.07 +/- 1.93 cmH2O to 20.50 +/- 2.37 cmH2O (n = 7; P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the effects of BSA on permeability depend upon specific sites in the BSA molecule. It is suggested that these sites involve positively charged arginine side chains of the albumin molecule. The results are discussed in terms of the fibre-matrix hypothesis of capillary permeability and in terms of Brown's (1976) theory for the structure of albumin.
Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Burr Formation during Orthogonal Cutting of A356+0.5Cu Aluminium Alloy (2016)

Burr formation during parts manufacturing is a significant problem that companies try to minimise or eliminate. The present work aims to study the burr formation mechanisms in a cast aluminium alloy. Orthogonal cutting tests are performed using different uncut chip thicknesses and tool rake angles. To analyse burr formation mechanisms, the work material state of stress and triaxiality distribution in the chip root was investigated via numerical simulations. Results show that the uncut chip thickness has an effect on burr morphology and burr cumulation while tool rake angle influences burr height on high uncut chip thicknesses.
Effect of Carbonate Heterogeneity on Core - Log Integration (2009)

Abstract Carbonate heterogeneity exists in different scales and affects different petrophysical estimations. Heterogeneity must be considered for effective core-log integration in order to ensure both core and logs measure rock volumes large enough to sample all rock properties. The conventional integration method is to compare data from the analysis of 1 in. or 1.5 in. diameter plugs (1.5 in. in length) or whole core samples, and compare the results with the same properties derived from logs. Because of heterogeneity, the results do not always compare well unless the rock volumes measured by both core and logs embody the variations and heterogeneity of the rock properties. Validation of petrophysical models through core-log integration requires an understanding of the scale of reservoir heterogeneity. This paper develops a workflow from a case study evaluating the effects of porosity and mineralogical heterogeneity on core-log integration. Log and core data were available from carbonate intervals in three wells. In each well, porosity and mineralogy were determined from open hole density, neutron, and elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) logs. The log values were compared to porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data from 86 core plugs (1 foot spacing) and XRD and XRF data from 656 ft of homogenized core slabs. In addition, a special signal processing technique, including homomorphic filtering, reversing intensity values and automatic thresholding, was developed to estimate anhydrite volume percentage from core plug and core slab photographs. The degree of mineralogical heterogeneity was quantified with spatial variograms. In the case study, the petrophysical evaluation of carbonates was optimized after determining that, among the open hole logs and capture spectroscopy logs, the heterogeneity lengths of neutron porosity and density are similar, and also similar to that of calcite and dolomite. Although, the anhydrite mineralogy is very complex and heterogeneity exists in all scales. Heterogeneity length was used to identify zones where core mineralogy from core plugs was sufficient for core-log integration and zones where mineralogy from core slabs was required. Heterogeneity is affected by the bed thickness and size and abundance of nodules, and the decision to use core plug or slab data must satisfy the parameter with the most complex heterogeneity. If heterogeneity length is less than 8 in., core plugs can be used. If the heterogeneity length is larger than 8 in., homogenized core slabs are required. In the case study, the accuracy of the petrophysical models was improved using the scale of heterogeneity to select the proper type of core sample. In addition, this heterogeneity quantification methodology has the potential to improve the selection of samples for lab measurement of permeability, density, etc. In summary, the workflow provides a robust method to quantify heterogeneity to improve petrophysical evaluation through effective core-log integration.
Macular holes: Pathogenesis, natural history and surgical outcomes (1995)

Idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) are a common cause of usually uniocular reduced visual acuity. The accepted pathogenesis has macular hole formation proceeding in stages from an impending hole to a FTMH, with visual acuity deteriorating to less than 6/60 in 85% of cases. Recent surgical advances in the treatment of FTMH, with excellent anatomic and visual results, have changed the surgical indications for both impending and established full-thickness macular holes.
Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in newly diagnosed transplant eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients: Results from the EMN02/HO95 phase 3 trial. (2017)

8011 Background: MRD detection is a sensitive tool to measure response in MM. We assessed MRD by MFC in newly diagnosed MM patients (pts) enrolled in the EMN02/HO95 phase 3 trial. Methods: Pts were ≤65 years old and received Bortezomib-Cyclophosphamide-Dexamethasone (VCD) induction, intensification with Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone (VMP) vs High-Dose-Melphalan (HDM) followed by stem cell transplant, consolidation with Bortezomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone (VRD) vs no consolidation, and Lenalidomide maintenance. MRD analysis was performed in pts achieving at least a very good partial response (VGPR) before starting maintenance (after HDM, VMP or VRD) and during maintenance every 6-12 months; samples were centralized to 3 European labs. MFC was performed on bone marrow according to Euroflow-based methods (8 colors, 2 tubes) with a sensitivity of 10 -5 . Quality checks were performed to compare sensitivity and to show correlation between protocols (Hofste op Bruinink D ASH 2016 abstract 2072). Results: 316 pts were evaluable before maintenance: median age was 57 years, 18% (57/316) pts had ISS III and 22% (70/316) had high risk cytogenetic (HR-C) defined as having at least one among del17, t(4;14) or t(14;16); 63% (199/316) had received HDM and 37% (117/316) VMP; thereafter 51% (160/316) had received VRD. 76% (239/316) were MRD negative (MRD-) of whom 64% (153/239) received HDM vs 36% (86/239) VMP, with a median follow-up time of 30 months from MRD enrolment. 3-year PFS was 50% in MRD positive (MRD+) vs 77% in MRD- pts (HR: 2.87, p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for MRD+ according to baseline characteristics and therapies: HR-C was the most important risk factor (HR 9.87, interaction-p = 0.001). Finally, 48% of MRD+ pts at pre-maintenance who had a second MRD evaluation after at least 1 year of lenalidomide became MRD-. Conclusions: MRD by MFC is a strong prognostic factor in MM pts receiving intensification with novel agents or transplant; lenalidomide maintenance further improved depth of response; HR-C is the most important prognostic factor in MRD+ pts. Clinical trial information: NCT01208766.
Low-Temperature and Daylength Cues Are Integrated to Regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T in Barley (2008)

Interactions between flowering time genes were examined in a doubled haploid barley (Hordeum vulgare) population segregating for H. vulgare VERNALIZATION1 (HvVRN1), HvVRN2, and PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD-H1). A deletion allele of HvVRN2 was associated with rapid inflorescence initiation and early flowering, but only in lines with an active allele of PPD-H1. In these lines, the floral promoter FLOWERING LOCUS T (HvFT1) was expressed at high levels without vernalization, and this preceded induction of HvVRN1. Lines with the deletion allele of HvVRN2 and the inactive ppd-H1 allele did not undergo rapid inflorescence initiation and were late flowering. These data suggest that HvVRN2 counteracts PPD-H1 to prevent flowering prior to vernalization. An allele of HvVRN1 that is expressed at high basal levels (HvVRN1-1) was associated with rapid inflorescence initiation regardless of HvVRN2 or PPD-H1 genotype. HvFT1 was expressed without vernalization in lines with the HvVRN1-1 allele and HvFT1 transcript levels were highest in lines with the active PPD-H1 allele; this correlated with rapid apex development postinflorescence initiation. Thus, expression of HvVRN1 promotes inflorescence initiation and up-regulates HvFT1. Analysis of HvVRN1 expression in different genetic backgrounds postvernalization showed that HvVRN2, HvFT1, and PPD-H1 are unlikely to play a role in low-temperature induction of HvVRN1. In a vernalization responsive barley, HvFT1 is not induced by low temperatures alone, but can be induced by long days following prolonged low-temperature treatment. We conclude that low-temperature and daylength flowering-response pathways are integrated to control expression of HvFT1 in barley, and that this might occur through regulation of HvVRN2 activity.