gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wafer-Level Glass Capping as Drop-in for Miniaturized, Advanced Optical COB Packaging (2007)

The novel wafer-level packaging (WLP) process described in this paper allows quasi-hermetic capping of optical devices on wafer-level yielding miniaturized glass cavity windows on top of the optical area, at the same time leaving the contact area accessible for standard electrical connections i.e. wire bond. These smaller chip-size optical cavity packages are used within standard chip-on-board (COB) assemblies for high performance optical applications providing high yield and utmost reliability. In this paper the process flow of generating optical cavity glass wafers as well as of the wafer-level capping process is demonstrated and reliability data on wafer-level and package-level are discussed.
Diffusion Bonding of Silicon Nitride Using a Superplastic β‐SiAlON Interlayer (2001)

A superplastic β‐SiAlON was used as an interlayer to diffusionally bond a hot‐pressed silicon nitride to itself. The bonding was conducted in a graphite furnace under a constant uniaxial load of 5 MPa at temperatures varying from 1500° to 1650°C for 2 h, followed by annealing at temperatures in the range of 1600° to 1750 o C for 2 h. The bonds were evaluated using the four‐point‐bend method at both room temperature and high temperatures. The results indicate that strong, void‐free joints can be produced with the superplastic β‐SiAlON interlayer, with bond strengths ranging from 438 to 682 MPa, and that the Si 3 N 4 joints are heat resistant, being able to retain their strength up to 1000°C (635 MPa), and therefore have potential for high‐temperature applications.
TinyLIME: Bridging Mobile and Sensor Networks through Middleware (2005)

In the rapidly developing field of sensor networks, bridging the gap between the applications and the hardware presents a major challenge. Although middleware is one solution, it must be specialized to the qualities of sensor networks, especially energy consumption. The work presented here provides two contributions: a new operational setting for sensor networks and a middleware for easing software development in this setting. The operational setting we target removes the usual assumption of a central collection point for sensor data. Instead the sensors are sparsely distributed in an environment, not necessarily able to communicate among themselves, and a set of clients move through space accessing the data of sensors nearby, yielding a system which naturally provides context relevant information to client applications. We further assume the clients are wirelessly networked and share locally accessed data. This scenario is relevant, for example, when relief workers access the information in their zone and share this information with other workers. Our second contribution, the middleware itself is an extension of LlME, our earlier work on middleware for mobile ad hoc networks. The model makes sensor data available through a tuple space interface, providing the illusion of shared memory between applications and sensors. This paper presents both the model and the implementation of our middleware incorporated with the Crossbow Mote sensor platform.
Transparency of FWM in SOAs to Phase/Amplitude and Polarization (2009)

We study the real transparency of FWM in SOAs to modulation formats involving phase/amplitude and polarization. 40Gb/s (NRZ-OOK and NRZ-DPSK) and 80Gb/s polarization-multiplexed signals are wavelength-converted employing two different polarization-independent schemes. Critical issues are found.
Messenger RNAs under Differential Translational Control in Ki-ras–Transformed Cells (2006)

Microarrays have been used extensively to identify differential gene expression at the level of transcriptional control in oncogenesis. However, increasing evidence indicates that changes in translational control are critical to oncogenic transformation. This study identifies mRNA transcripts that are differentially regulated, primarily at the level of translation, in the immortalized human embryonic prostate epithelial cell line 267B1 and the v-Ki-ras-transformed counterpart by comparing total mRNA to polysome-bound mRNA by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Among the transcripts that were identified were those encoding proteins involved in DNA replication, cell cycle control, cell-to-cell interactions, electron transport, G protein signaling, and translation. Many of these proteins are known to contribute to oncogenesis or have the potential to contribute to oncogenesis. Differential expression of RNA-binding proteins and the presence of highly conserved motifs in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the mRNAs are consistent with multiple pathways and mechanisms governing the changes in translational control. Although Alu sequences were found to be associated with increased translation in transformed cells, an evolutionarily conserved motif was identified in the 3' untranslated regions of ephrinB1, calreticulin, integrin alpha3, and mucin3B that was associated with decreased polysome association in 267B1/Ki-ras.
Pilot imaging study of o-BMVC foci for discrimination of indeterminate cytology in diagnosing fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules (2021)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of a fluorescence probe, 3,6-bis(1-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide (o-BMVC), provides an objective method for preoperative diagnosis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. The key of this o-BMVC test of FNA smears is the measurement of the digital number of o-BMVC foci in the nucleus. Thus, there are three categories classified in the o-BMVC test, which are nondiagnostic for unsatisfactory samples, benign for less numbers of o-BMVC foci, and malignant for more numbers of o-BMVC foci. The discrimination of indeterminate (including atypia, follicular neoplasm, suspicious) cytology into benign or malignant cases can reduce diagnostic uncertainty and benefit clinical decision making. This pilot study strongly suggests that the o-BMVC test is an invaluable method for diagnosing FNA samples. Particularly, the combination of FNA cytology and the o-BMVC test holds great promise to improve the efficacy of diagnosis and reduce the healthcare costs.
Feature Selection for Morphological Feature Extraction using Randomforests (2006)

Morphological feature extraction (MFE) has been successfully used to increase classification accuracy and reduce the noise level for classification or aerial images. In this paper we explore feature selection and extraction for MFE using random forests (RFs) for classification and feature selection. The approach is compared to MFE from principal components extracted from the data, by principal component analysis (PCA), which has been successful in the past. The experimental results presented in this paper show that by estimating the most important features of our data set using RFs, and selecing a few of the features for MFE yields equal or better accuracies than by using PCs.
Multiple-Ramp Column-Parallel ADC Architectures for CMOS Image Sensors (2007)

This paper presents a CMOS imager with a column-parallel ADC architecture based on a multiple-ramp single-slope (MRSS) ADC. Like the well-known column-level single-slope ADC, an MRSS ADC uses a very simple analog column circuit, which mainly consists of an analog comparator and some switches. A prototype imager using the MRSS ADC architecture was realized in a 0.25 CMOS process. Measurements demonstrate that the conversion speed of an MRSS ADC is 3.3 higher than a single-slope ADC while dissipating only 16% more power. Furthermore, the MRSS ADC can be easily adapted to exhibit a companding characteristic, which exploits the amplitude-dependent nature of the photon shot noise present in imager signals. Measurements show that the resulting multiple-ramp multiple-slope ADC is 25% faster than an MRSS ADC while dissipating the same amount of power.
Determination of Vitamin C in a LC/DAD Method for Analyzing Water Soluble Vitamins in Multi‐Vitamin Dietary Supplements Containing Multi‐Minerals. (2007)

We have recently reported a method for the simultaneous determination of a suite of water soluble vitamins in multi‐vitamin/multi‐mineral dietary supplements (MV/MM) by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (1). Quantification of Vitamin C by this method was poor: The extracts rapidly lost detected intensity (within minutes), due to the presence of the co‐extracted multi‐minerals, which catalyzed oxidation of the vitamin C. Standard solutions and extracts of MV tablets without MM were stable. We have successfully modified the conditions of the assay to allow inclusion of Vitamin C in the suite of analytes in this multi‐vitamin method. We have rigorously degassed the solvent, lowered the extraction pH to 2.0 from 3.0 and, most importantly added a thermostated sample chamber to the LC, with the temperature set at 4o C. Under these conditions, Vitamin C was stable for up to 6 hours; sufficient for accurate quantitative determination of the Vitamin C along with the other vitamins. With this method we were able to achieve results for a representative MV/MM dietary supplement table of 63.0 mg/tablet (nominal value 60) with a RSD of 2.4% and recovery of 101% of added vitamin C. These modifications allow us to include vitamin C in the multiple determinations of water soluble vitamins in MV/MM tablets.
Throughput comparisons of star 32/64 QAM schemes based on mutual information considering cubic metric (2011)

This paper presents comparisons of the achievable throughput between the star 32/64QAM and square 32/64QAM schemes based on mutual information (MI) considering the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the modulated signal. As a PAPR criterion, we use a cubic metric (CM) that directly corresponds to the transmission back-off of a power amplifier. In the analysis, we present the best ring ratio for the star 32 or 64QAM scheme from the viewpoint of minimizing the required received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) considering the CM that achieves the peak throughput, i.e., maximum error-free transmission rate. We show that the required received SNR considering the CM at the peak throughput is minimized with the number of rings of M = 3 and 4 for star 32QAM and star 64QAM, respectively. Then, we show with the best ring ratios, that the (4, 12, 16) star 32QAM scheme with M = 3 achieves a lower required received SNR considering the CM compared to that for the square 32QAM scheme. Similarly, we show that the (4, 12, 20, 28) star 64QAM scheme with M = 4 achieves almost the same required received SNR considering the CM as that for the square 64QAM scheme.
Lumiliximab with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) for patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (2006)

6597 Background: Lumiliximab, an anti-CD23 monoclonal antibody, had pharmacologic activity and an outstanding safety profile in a recently completed phase 1, single-agent study. Based on evidence of clinical activity, favorable safety profile, and preclinical data suggesting synergy with both fludarabine and rituximab, we initiated a combination study of lumiliximab with FCR in previously treated patients. Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age with relapsed CD23 + B-cell CLL were eligible for this open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1/2 study. Sample size was planned for ≤37 patients. Patients received either 375 mg/m 2 or 500 mg/m 2 of lumiliximab in combination with each 28-day cycle of FCR for 6 cycles. Primary objectives were to determine the safety profile, recommended phase 2 dose, and clinical activity of lumiliximab with FCR. Results: Accrual began in June 2004; 30 of the 31 patients were enrolled by December 2005; data are available for 28 patients. No dose-limiting toxicity was noted in the phase 1 component (375 mg/m 2 dose, n=3, and 500 mg/m 2 dose, n=6) and 500 mg/m 2 was chosen for the phase 2 dose. All enrolled patients had progressive, symptomatic CLL as defined by NCI criteria, median 2 prior treatments (range, 1 to 9), median age 58, 64% males, 96% WHO performance status of ≤1. Seventeen patients experienced CTC Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (hematologic toxicity typically associated with FCR). Sixteen patients completed ≥3 cycles of treatment and were evaluated for response using NCI-WG criteria: 7 (44%) patients with confirmed complete responses (CRs); 1 with unconfirmed CR (pending marrow confirmation), 3 with partial responses (PRs), 4 with PRs awaiting confirmation, and 1 with disease progression. Twelve patients are not yet evaluable for response. Conclusions: Lumiliximab in combination with FCR is well tolerated and may enhance the activity of FCR for treatment of patients with progressive CLL after prior therapy. [Table: see text]
Assessment of Offshore Wind Leasing Areas in California [Slides] (2022)

This presentation summarizes an analysis of options for dividing Morro Bay and Humboldt Wind Energy Areas (WEAs) into offshore wind lease areas. The delineation process considered input from wind energy developers, physical characteristics of the sites, and potential effects of turbine layout and mooring technology selection on the energy generation capacity of each location. Two delineation options were assessed for the Humboldt WEA and four options for the Morro Bay WEA. The lease areas within each WEA were designed to have equal value and support approximately 1 gigawatt of generation capacity.
A Novel Real-Time Road Information Management Technique for Traffic Congestion Mitigation (2014)

Road transport is an inevitable requirement to the human civilization where it provides considerable economic and social benefits to the society. However, poor management of traffic flow imposes challenges such as traffic congestion. Problems arise when there is too much traffic for the available physical road capacity to handle. This causes the road transport to be less efficient and it causes excessive effect on the environment. In this paper, a novel road information management technique for traffic congestion mitigation is presented. From the literature, main challenge has been identified in collecting real-time road data for traffic management. This paper describes a technique for collecting and managing the road data while focusing on traffic congestion mitigation. A mobile phone based road information management system has been designed and developed. The system comprises of three subsystems which work together in road data collection, processing and information dissemination. GPS technology integrated in the mobile phones has been used for vehicle location data tracking. Results show that the real-time road data can be processed and utilized as traffic status information for road users; so that they can skip congestion by choosing less congested roads, adjust traveling time as well as choose proper traveling mode.
Gene expression profiling of aging reveals activation of a p53-mediated transcriptional program (2007)

These observations support a role for p53-mediated transcriptional program in mammalian aging and suggest that mechanisms other than reactive oxygen species are involved in the age-related transcriptional activation of p53 targets.
The Preference of Tryptophan for Membrane Interfaces (1998)

One of the ubiquitous features of membrane proteins is the preference of tryptophan and tyrosine residues for membrane surfaces that presumably arises from enhanced stability due to distinct interfacial interactions. The physical basis for this preference is widely believed to arise from amphipathic interactions related to imino group hydrogen bonding and/or dipole interactions. We have examined these and other possibilities for tryptophan's interfacial preference by using 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) chemical shift measurements, two-dimensional (2D) nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D-NOESY) 1H MAS NMR, and solid state 2H NMR to study the interactions of four tryptophan analogues with phosphatidylcholine membranes. We find that the analogues reside in the vicinity of the glycerol group where they all cause similar modest changes in acyl chain organization and that hydrocarbon penetration was not increased by reduction of hydrogen bonding or electric dipole interaction ability. These observations rule out simple amphipathic or dipolar interactions as the physical basis for the interfacial preference. More likely, the preference is dominated by tryptophan's flat rigid shape that limits access to the hydrocarbon core and its pi electronic structure and associated quadrupolar moment (aromaticity) that favor residing in the electrostatically complex interface environment.
Intravascular hemolysis and renal insufficiency after bone marrow transplantation (1988)

Renal disease has not been considered a major late complication of bone marrow transplantation. Of 31 evaluable pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation for neuroblastoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 14 developed a hemolytic anemia, microscopic hematuria, and renal insufficiency at a median of 5 months (range, 3 to 7 months) posttransplant. Renal biopsies were performed in two patients at the onset of kidney disease and showed mesangiolysis with intraglomerular capillary aneurysm formation, mesangial proliferation, and focal thickening and splitting of the glomerular basement membranes. The clinical presentation, time to onset of renal disease, and biopsy material are consistent with a diagnosis of radiation nephritis, a previously uncommon finding in this patient group. The high incidence of this syndrome in the current report may have been due to the combination of intensive chemotherapy and total-body irradiation in the conditioning regimens.
Author response: Systematic investigation of the link between enzyme catalysis and cold adaptation (2021)

Increased catalysis has been suggested to be an adaptive trait of enzymes to growth at lower temperature, but systematic analysis suggests that temperature exerts a weak selection pressure on enzyme rate enhancement, with observed variation arising from other evolutionary forces.
Localisation of glutathione and homoglutathione inMedicago truncatulais correlated to a differential expression of genes involved in their synthesis (1999)

Summary Glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) were quantified in Medicago truncatula during plant development. hGSH was detectable only 48 h after seed germination whereas GSH was present in the dry seeds, indicating that only GSH is used for sulphur storage in seeds. The hGSH was detectable only in the underground part of mature plants whereas GSH was present in all the organs. γ‐EC synthetase (γ‐ECS) and GSH synthetase (GSHS) activities were found in roots and leaves whereas hGSH synthetase (hGSHS) was found only in roots. Full‐length cDNA encoding γ‐ECS and two partial cDNAs ( gshs1 and gshs2 ) showing high identity with GSHS were isolated in M. truncatula . High γ‐ECS activity was detected in protein extracts of a γ‐ECS‐deficient E. coli strain expressing the M. truncatula γ‐ECS. Northern blot analysis showed that the γ‐ECS gene was similarly expressed in all the mature plant organs tested, whereas gshs1 had a higher expression in leaves and flowers and gshs2 was preferentially expressed in roots and nodules. We hypothesise that gshs1 and gshs2 encode a GSHS and an hGSHS, respectively.
Exact and Approximate Stability of Solutions to Traveling Salesman Problems (2017)

This paper presents the stability analysis of an optimal tour for the symmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP) by obtaining stability regions. The stability region of an optimal tour is the set of all cost changes for which that solution remains optimal and can be understood as the margin of optimality for a solution with respect to perturbations in the problem data. It is known that it is not possible to test in polynomial time whether an optimal tour remains optimal after the cost of an arbitrary set of edges changes. Therefore, this paper develops tractable methods to obtain under and over approximations of stability regions based on neighborhoods and relaxations. The application of the results to the two-neighborhood and the minimum 1 tree (M1T) relaxation are discussed in detail. For Euclidean TSPs, stability regions with respect to vertex location perturbations and the notion of safe radii and location criticalities are introduced. Benefits of this paper include insight into robustness properties of tours, minimum spanning trees, M1Ts, and fast methods to evaluate optimality after perturbations occur. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the methods and achievable approximation quality.
Toward Clinically Useful Neuroimaging in Depression Treatment (2012)

CONTEXT Among depressed individuals not receiving medication in controlled trials, 40% to 60% respond to cognitive therapy (CT). Multiple previous studies suggest that activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC; Brodmann area 25) predicts outcome in CT for depression, but these results have not been prospectively replicated. OBJECTIVE To examine whether sgACC activity is a reliable and robust prognostic outcome marker of CT for depression and whether sgACC activity changes in treatment. DESIGN Two inception cohorts underwent assessment with functional magnetic resonance imaging using different scanners on a task sensitive to sustained emotional information processing before and after 16 to 20 sessions of CT, along with a sample of control participants who underwent testing at comparable intervals. SETTING A hospital outpatient clinic. PATIENTS Forty-nine unmedicated depressed adults and 35 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pretreatment sgACC activity in an a priori region in response to negative words was correlated with residual severity and used to classify response and remission. RESULTS As expected, in both samples, participants with the lowest pretreatment sustained sgACC reactivity in response to negative words displayed the most improvement after CT (R2 = 0.29, >75% correct classification of response, >70% correct classification of remission). Other a priori regions explained additional variance. Response/remission in cohort 2 was predicted based on thresholds from cohort 1. Subgenual anterior cingulate activity remained low for patients in remission after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging provides a quick, valid, and clinically applicable way of assessing neural systems associated with treatment response/remission. Subgenual anterior cingulate activity, in particular, may reflect processes that interfere with treatment (eg, emotion generation) in addition to its putative regulatory role; alternately, its absence may facilitate treatment response.