gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Duration of antiplatelet therapy after DES implantation: can we trust non-inferiority open-label trials? (2017)

six randomized trials and 11 473 patients' , by T. Palmerini et al., on page 1034.
Bringing simulation to life: A mixed reality autonomous intersection (2010)

Fully autonomous vehicles are technologically feasible with the current generation of hardware, as demonstrated by recent robot car competitions. Dresner and Stone proposed a new intersection control protocol called Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM) and showed that with autonomous vehicles it is possible to make intersection control much more efficient than the traditional control mechanisms such as traffic signals and stop signs. The protocol, however, has only been tested in simulation and has not been evaluated with real autonomous vehicles. To realistically test the protocol, we implemented a mixed reality platform on which an autonomous vehicle can interact with multiple virtual vehicles in a simulation at a real intersection in real time. From this platform we validated realistic parameters for our autonomous vehicle to safely traverse an intersection in AIM. We present several techniques to improve efficiency and show that the AIM protocol can still outperform traffic signals and stop signs even if the cars are not as precisely controllable as has been assumed in previous studies.
Transesterification Synthesis of Chloramphenicol Esters with the Lipase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2017)

This work presents a synthetic route to produce chloramphenicol esters by taking advantage the high enantio- and regio-selectivity of lipases. A series of chloramphenicol esters were synthesized using chloramphenicol, acyl donors of different carbon chain length and lipase Lip<sub>BA</sub> (lipase cloned from <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>). Among acyl donors with different carbon chain lengths, vinyl propionate was found to be the best. The influences of different organic solvents, reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme loading and water content on the synthesis of the chloramphenicol esters were studied. The synthesis of chloramphenicol propionate (0.25 M) with 4.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> of Lip<sub>BA</sub> loading gave a conversion of ~98% and a purity of ~99% within 8 h at 50 °C in 1,4-dioxane as solvent. The optimum mole ratio of vinyl propionate to chloramphenicol was increased to 5:1. This is the first report of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> lipase being used in chloramphenicol ester synthesis and a detailed study of the synthesis of chloramphenicol propionate using this reaction. The high enzyme activity and selectivity make lipase Lip<sub>BA</sub> an attractive catalyst for green chemical synthesis of molecules with complex structures.
Optimized cryo-EM data-acquisition workflow by sample-thickness determination (2021)

Sample thickness is a known key parameter in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and can affect the amount of high-resolution information retained in the image. Yet, common data-acquisition approaches in single-particle cryo-EM do not take it into account. Here, it is demonstrated how the sample thickness can be determined before data acquisition, allowing the identification of optimal regions and the restriction of automated data collection to images with preserved high-resolution details. This quality-over-quantity approach almost entirely eliminates the time- and storage-consuming collection of suboptimal images, which are discarded after a recorded session or during early image processing due to a lack of high-resolution information. It maximizes the data-collection efficiency and lowers the electron-microscopy time required per data set. This strategy is especially useful if the speed of data collection is restricted by the microscope hardware and software, or if microscope access time, data transfer, data storage and computational power are a bottleneck.
Fisheries acoustics and Acoustic Target Classification - Report from the COGMAR/CRIMAC workshop on machine learning methods in fisheries acoustics (2021)

This report documents a workshop organised by the COGMAR and CRIMAC projects. The objective of the workshop was twofold. The first objective was to give an overview of ongoing work using machine learning for Acoustic Target Classification (ATC). Machine learning methods, and in particular deep learning models, are currently being used across a range of different fields, including ATC. The objective was to give an overview of the status of the work. The second objective was to familiarise participants with machine learning background to fisheries acoustics and to discuss a way forward towards a standard framework for sharing data and code. This includes data standards, standard processing steps and algorithms for efficient access to data for machine learning frameworks. The results from the discussion contributes to the process in ICES for developing a community standard for fisheries acoustics data.
AN EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS FOR REACTION OF METAL COMPOUNDS WITH SORBENTS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SYSTEMS (1995)

Abstract A potential method of control of toxic metallic emissions is the use of sorbents for physical and chemical capture of toxic metal species. Equilibrium calculations have been used to deteimine the feasibility of using sorbents and to identify optimal operating regimes for maximum removal of melallic species. Three different sorbents are analyzed for capture of seven toxic metallic species encountered in coal combustion and waste incineration. The results of the simulation are compared to the limited available data reported in the literature. The speciation of metallic species is determined for typical coal combustion conditions and a parametric evaluation of metal-sorbent reactions is carried out. The role of chlorine content on the capture efficiencies is established.
Anemoside B4 protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae- and influenza virus FM1-induced pneumonia via the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway in mice (2020)

Our findings demonstrated that anemoside B4 attenuates pneumonia via the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway, suggesting that anemoside B4 is a promising therapeutic candidate for bacterial-infected or viral-infected pneumonia.
Properties and applications of chloroaluminate as room temperature ionic liquid (2003)

Ionic liquids are emerging as new solvents and have wide applications in various fields. One of the important class of ionic liquid is chloroaluminate, whose properties can be tailored by varying the concentration of aluminium chloride and is miscible in all proportions with organic liquids. In this report we review the properties and applications of chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquid
Report of the ACBS Task Force on the strategies and tactics of contextual behavioral science research (2021)

Throughout its history the strategy and tactics of contextual behavioral science (CBS) research have had distinctive features as compared to traditional behavioral science approaches. Continued progress in CBS research can be facilitated by greater clarity about how its strategy and tactics can be brought to bear on current challenges. The present white paper is the result of a 2 1/2-year long process designed to foster consensus among representative producers and consumers of CBS research about the best strategic pathway forward. The Task Force agreed that CBS research should be multilevel, process-based, multidimensional, prosocial, and pragmatic, and provided 33 recommendations to the CBS community arranged across these characteristics. In effect, this report provides a detailed research agenda designed to maximize the impact of CBS as a field. Scientists and practitioners are encouraged to mount this ambitious agenda.
Six case studies depicting the deliberate self-harm syndrome. (1993)

This article comprises information on self-mutilation (and specifically on the Deliberate Self-harm Syndrome) which obtained from a study of mainly American and British literature. Included is data obtained from interviews conducted with a sample of South Africans suffering from the syndrome. Etiology was explained from both a psychological and biological perspective. The former highlighted deficiencies in coping and communication skills while the latter highlighted the compulsive and pain-killer role that endorphines play. From case studies and literature it was possible to clearly distinguish the Deliberate Self-harm Syndrome as a distinct disorder-a syndrome consisting of deliberate, repetitive and private acts of self-harm in the form of cutting, burning and banging oneself. This culminates in extreme tension release.
Synthesis of π‐Extended Coumarins and Evaluation of Their Precursors as Reactive Fluorescent Probes for Mercury Ions (2012)

Abstract An efficient synthetic route to π‐extended coumarin derivatives and their precursors that contain amino substituents has been developed. The synthesis involves monosubstitution of 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene with dimethylamine through the Bucherer reaction. The extended coumarins emit at much longer wavelengths and with higher quantum yields relative to a related coumarin. Two vinyl ethers, precursors of the extended coumarins, were prepared and evaluated as reactive probes for Hg 2+ ions. The vinyl ethers undergo hydrolysis promoted by Hg 2+ ions to produce the extended coumarins at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and room temperature, which is accompanied by fluorescence in the “turn‐on” mode. The vinyl ethers do not respond to various other metal species. The extended coumarins and their precursors are versatile sensing platforms for Hg 2+ ions, as well as for the development of related reaction‐based sensing systems.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's public health response to monitoring Tdap safety in pregnant women in the United States (2015)

In 2010, in response to a widespread pertussis outbreak and neonatal deaths, California became the first state to recommend routine administration of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy. In 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) followed with a similar recommendation for Tdap vaccination during pregnancy for previously unvaccinated women. In 2012, this recommendation was expanded to include Tdap vaccination of every pregnant woman during each pregnancy. These recommendations were based on urgent public health needs and available evidence on the safety of other inactivated vaccines during pregnancy. However, there were limited data on the safety of Tdap during pregnancy. In response to the new ACIP recommendations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented ongoing collaborative studies to evaluate whether vaccination with Tdap during pregnancy adversely affects the health of mothers and their offspring and provide the committee with regular updates. The current commentary describes the public health actions taken by CDC to respond to the ACIP recommendation to study and monitor the safety of Tdap vaccines in pregnant women and describes the current state of knowledge on the safety of Tdap vaccines in pregnant women. Data from the various monitoring activities support the safety of Tdap use during pregnancy.
Figure S5 page1 from Combination Therapies with CDK4/6 Inhibitors to Treat <i>KRAS-</i>Mutant Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5 page1&lt;/p&gt;
Perfluorobutane Sulfonic Acid Hydration and Interactions with O2 Adsorbed on Pt3 (2006)

The side chain of NAFION, a proton conductive membrane used as electrolyte in low-temperature fuel cells, is modeled with perfluorobutane sulfonic acid. Density functional theory is used to characterize structures and energetics of hydration of the model system interacting with a proton solvated with up to 24 water molecules and analyze interactions of some of these hydrated complexes with O(2) adsorbed on Pt(3). It is found that at least three water molecules are needed to ionize the sulfonic acid, and higher degrees of hydration induce the formation of cages where the water molecules are held together via complex hydrogen-bond networks. The interaction between the complex formed by the ionized acid and the hydrated proton, in contact with a bridge-adsorbed O(2)-Pt(3), promotes the protonation of the adsorbed O(2). Upon protonation, the O(2)-Pt(3) system evolves from hydrophobic to hydrophilic behavior, which may facilitate further interfacial contact.
High-Power Pulsed Corona for Treatment of Pollutants in Heterogeneous Media (2006)

A technical overview of a European project on pulsed corona (PC) treatment of polluted streams is presented. Versatile high-power systems that are capable of cleaning both aqueous and gaseous streams in heterogeneous media, in either a corona above water reactor or an aerosol reactor, have been developed. Both reactors are capable of high-phenol removal yields from aqueous streams and increase the biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratio for several nonbiodegradable wastewaters to such degree that further biodegradation becomes possible. The PC combined with a catalyst is capable of cleaning gaseous streams that are polluted by toluene, styrene, and malodorous constituents. Reduction rates of toluene that are higher than 99% have been achieved, and very high odor-removal efficiency has been demonstrated. The reliable operation of high-power all-solid-state compact nanosecond pulsers has also been demonstrated. For the second phase of the project, a high-power pulser was designed. One compression stage suffices for the formation of 60-kV 3-J pulses across a reactor that has a discharge impedance of approximately 100 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Omega$</tex> at a pulse repetition frequency of up to 500 Hz; the rise time is 15 ns, and the duration is 100 ns. The system scale-up is also analyzed. The estimated price of water treatment in systems that were scaled up to 50 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hboxm^3/hboxh$</tex> is 2 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hskip1ptssr C hskip-7pt raise2.4pt hbox$buildrelvrule depth0.5pt width5.5ptovervrule depth0.5pt width5pt$hskip2pthbox/m^3$</tex> . Incineration of aqueous organic waste streams can cost 500 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hskip1ptssr C hskip-7pt raise2.4pt hbox$buildrelvrule depth0.5pt width5.5ptovervrule depth0.5pt width5pt$hskip2pthbox/m^3$</tex> or more, depending on the nature of the contamination, so the PC water-treatment technology may become highly competitive. It is planned in the future to investigate the cleaning efficiency of the developed processes with different industrial wastes, both at laboratory conditions and in the field.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Is Expressed in Melanoma-Associated Spongiform Scleropathy (2008)

MASS is considered a tumor-induced scleral degradation process. There is a significantly higher expression of MMP-2 in MASS-positive areas, indicating that MMP-2 is involved in the development of MASS and that MMP-2 is produced by scleral fibroblasts under the influence of tumor cells and/or tumor-infiltrating macrophages. These changes may represent a step in the invasion of uveal melanoma by facilitating the spread of tumor cells through the sclera.
Contribution of radicals and ions in atomic-order plasma nitridation of Si (2000)

Atomic-order nitridation of Si(100) by an ultraclean electron-cyclotron-resonance nitrogen plasma and contribution of radicals and ions to the nitridation have been investigated. The N atom concentration on Si(100) increases with the plasma exposure time and tends to saturate to a value corresponding to a few atomic layers. In the initial stage, the N atom concentration is normalized by the product of the relative radical density with the nitrogen plasma exposure time and the number of the incident ions is much smaller than the nitridation amount, which means the radical reaction is dominant. Assuming Langmuir-type kinetics neglecting desorption, an excellent agreement is observed by fitting the experimental data. In the saturation region, the N atom concentration is normalized by the number of incident ions and becomes higher than that corresponding to the double atomic layers. Therefore, it is suggested that nitridation of the deeper atoms below the surface is induced by the ion incidence.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Undec‐10‐enylmagnesium Bromide with . omega.‐Functionalized Halogenoalkanes as a Key Reaction for the Synthesis of Novel Bipolar Phospholipids with Different Head Groups and Chain Length. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A stochastic behavior analysis of stochastic restricted-gradient descent algorithm in reproducing kernel hilbert spaces (2015)

This paper presents a stochastic behavior analysis of a kernel-based stochastic restricted-gradient descent method. The restricted gradient gives a steepest ascent direction within the so-called dictionary subspace. The analysis provides the transient and steady state performance in the mean squared error criterion. It also includes stability conditions in the mean and mean-square sense. The present study is based on the analysis of the kernel normalized least mean square (KNLMS) algorithm initially proposed by Chen et al. Simulation results validate the analysis.
Figure S5 from Inhibition of FLT3 and PIM Kinases by EC-70124 Exerts Potent Activity in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mice weight during the xenograft experiments&lt;/p&gt;
Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in Blacks and Women: A Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Epithelial Na + Channel (2021)

<b><i>Significance:</i></b> Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease, and disproportionately affects blacks and women. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including exaggerated activation of sodium transporters in the kidney leading to salt retention and water. <b><i>Recent Advances:</i></b> Recent studies have found that in addition to the renal epithelium, myeloid immune cells can sense sodium <i>via</i> the epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> channel (ENaC), which leads to activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase enzyme complex, increased fatty acid oxidation, and production of isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). IsoLGs are immunogenic and contribute to salt-induced hypertension. In addition, aldosterone-mediated activation of ENaC has been attributed to the increased SSBP in women. The goal of this review is to highlight mechanisms contributing to SSBP in blacks and women, including, but not limited to increased activation of ENaC, fatty acid oxidation, and inflammation. <b><i>Critical Issues:</i></b> A critical barrier to progress in management of SSBP is that its diagnosis is not feasible in the clinic and is limited to expensive and laborious research protocols, which makes it difficult to investigate. Yet without understanding the underlying mechanisms, this important risk factor remains without treatment. <b><i>Future Directions:</i></b> Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms that contribute to differential blood pressure responses to dietary salt and find feasible diagnostic tools. This is extremely important and may go a long way in mitigating the racial and sex disparities in cardiovascular outcomes. <i>Antioxid. Redox Signal.</i> 35, 1477-1493.
Ga Ohmic contact for n-type diamond by ion implantation (2000)

Electric contacts formed on an n-type diamond film by means of the Ga ion implantation were studied. The implanted Ga contacts revealed Ohmic property at room temperature. Contact resistivity for the implanted Ga contacts formed on the diamond film with donor density of 3×1018 cm−3 was 4.8×106 Ω cm2. The value is more than one order smaller than that for conventional vacuum-deposited metal contacts on the same diamond film. This contact has enabled us to measure electric properties for relatively lightly doped n-type diamond films in a temperature range between room temperature and 600 °C.
Lightweight Collaborative Semantic Scheme for Generating an Obfuscated Region to Ensure Location Privacy (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects a huge number of different types of sensing devices, with capabilities ranging from very high to very low, enabling them to communicate and share many types of collected data. Among the different types of data, location information is particularly important as it is needed to create a smart environment that can greatly increase the quality of human life. However, the issue of location privacy has been intensified by the new properties introduced by the IoT. We have thus developed a scheme for protecting location privacy that can be deployed in low-capability user devices and run in a distributed IoT system without a trusted server. In this "lightweight collaborative semantic scheme," each user device stores only a portion of the map data and shares information with the other user devices to generate an obfuscated region that includes only accessible locations. Testing demonstrated that this scheme is practical for generating a location-protection region and that it has acceptable performance.
Dissemination of Novel Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms through the Insertion Sequence Mediated Spread of Metabolic Genes (2016)

The widely used biocide triclosan selectively targets FabI, the NADH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, which is also an important target for the development of narrow spectrum antibiotics. The analysis of triclosan resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates had previously shown that in about half of the strains, the mechanism of triclosan resistance consists on the heterologous duplication of the triclosan target gene due to the acquisition of an additional fabI allele derived from Staphylococcus haemolyticus (sh-fabI). In the current work, the genomic sequencing of 10 of these strains allowed the characterization of two novel composite transposons TnSha1 and TnSha2 involved in the spread of sh-fabI. TnSha1 harbors one copy of IS1272, whereas TnSha2 is a 11.7 kb plasmid carrying TnSha1 present either as plasmid or in an integrated form generally flanked by two IS1272 elements. The target and mechanism of integration for IS1272 and TnSha1 are novel and include targeting of DNA secondary structures, generation of blunt-end deletions of the stem-loop and absence of target duplication. Database analyses showed widespread occurrence of these two elements in chromosomes and plasmids, with TnSha1 mainly in S. aureus and with TnSha2 mainly in S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis. The acquisition of resistance by means of an insertion sequence-based mobilization and consequent duplication of drug-target metabolic genes, as observed here for sh-fabI, is highly reminiscent of the situation with the ileS2 gene conferring mupirocin resistance, and the dfrA and dfrG genes conferring trimethoprim resistance both of which are mobilized by IS257. These three examples, which show similar mechanisms and levels of spread of metabolic genes linked to IS elements, highlight the importance of this genetic strategy for recruitment and rapid distribution of novel resistance mechanisms in staphylococci.