gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Hydrogenation of 1,4-Butynediol. II. On the Role of Calcium Carbonate as a Carrier of the Palladium Catalyst (1958)

Abstract 1. The role of calcium carbonate as carrier of the palladium catalyst was studied in the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol. 2. The hydrogenation velocity on Pd-CaCO3 catalyst was not the highest among various palladium catalysts. And the partial hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol might also be achieved by using the Pd-BaCO3 catalyst poisoned by both lead acetate and quinoline. On the poisoned Pd-CaCO3catalyst, however, the 1,4-butynediol polymerization, a side reaction of the hydrogenation, was suppressed largely. 3. Consequently, it seems that the role of calcium carbonate as a carrier is to decrease the polymerization as a side reaction of the hydrogenation, but not to increase the activity for the hydrogenation, nor to give the selectivity for the hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Piperidines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Vinylic Halides and Olefinic Sulfonamides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Author response: New capsaicin analogs as molecular rulers to define the permissive conformation of the mouse TRPV1 ligand-binding pocket (2020)

Novel capsaicin analogs with conserved chemistry but varying sizes were used as molecular rulers to investigate energetics of conformational changes in the ligand-binding pocket and mechanisms of TRPV1 ligand-gating.
Benzoxazinone â kanamycin derivative: a new fluorescent probe for flow cytometry analysis of bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) (1990)

A new polycation fluorescent dye (BVC-kinamycin-conjugate) has been synthesized and used to detect alive bacteria by flow cytometry. This fluorescent chromophore has the noteworthy property of being excited at the same wavelength as fluoresceinylated conjugates (488 nm) and to show a much longer emission wavelength (616 nm) than fluoresceinylated derivates (520 nm); furthermore its fluorescence intensity is not quenched at low pH in contrast with fluorescein. In such conditions, bacteria can easily be detected with cytofluorimeter equipped with a single excitation wavelength beam. The binding of fluoresceinylated lectins and antibodies onto a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been studied by this method.
Reflectance and Light Source Position Estimation from a Sparse Set of Images (2007)

In this paper, we present a new method to estimate the surface reflectance property of an object, as well as the position of a light source. The proposed method allows spatial variation in the diffuse reflectance while assuming that the specular reflectance remains constant. Given a 3D geometric model of an object with specular reflection and a small set of images from a single view as input, our method simultaneously recovers the reflectance property and the light source position by using an iterative separating-fitting technique. We estimate the light source position by firstly fitting the reflectance property to the Lambertian model and then fitting the reflectance property to a more complex reflection model while separating the specular and diffuse components iteratively. By estimating the object's reflectance property and the light source position, we can freely render the object under arbitrary lighting conditions. Experimental results show the accuracy of our estimation method.
A guide to digital fault recording event analysis (2010)

Proper interpretation of fault and disturbance data is critical for the reliability and continuous operation of the power system. A correct interpretation gives you valuable insight into the conditions and performance of various power system protective equipment. Analyzing records is not an intuitive process and requires system protection knowledge and experience. Having an understanding of the fundamental guidelines for the event analysis process is imperative for new power engineers to properly evaluate faults. As senior power engineers retire, knowledge of how to decipher fault records could be lost with them. This paper addresses aspects of power system fault analysis and provides the new event analyst with a basic foundation of the requirements and steps to analyze and interpret fault disturbances.
Scatter-Add in Data Parallel Architectures (2005)

Many important applications exhibit large amounts of data parallelism, and modern computer systems are designed to take advantage of it. While much of the computation in the multimedia and scientific application domains is data parallel, certain operations require costly serialization that increase the run time. Examples include superposition type updates in scientific computing and histogram computations in media processing. We introduce scatter-add, which is the data-parallel form of the well-known scalar fetch-and-op, specifically tuned for SIMD/vector/stream style memory systems. The scatter-add mechanism scatters a set of data values to a set of memory addresses and adds each data value to each referenced memory location instead of overwriting it. This novel architecture extension allows us to efficiently support data-parallel atomic update computations found in parallel programming languages such as HPF, and applies both to single-processor and multiprocessor SIMD data-parallel systems. We detail the microarchitecture of a scatter-add implementation on a stream architecture, which requires less than 2% increase in die area yet shows performance speedups ranging from 1.45 to over 11 on a set of applications that require a scatter-add computation.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Groupings and Female Fecundity (2007)

ISEE-245 Objective: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with a spectrum of adverse developmental outcomes but to a lesser extent with reproductive endpoints such as female fecundity as measured by time to pregnancy (TTP). Material and Methods: We recruited 99 women discontinuing contraception and prospectively followed up 79 women (contributing 442 cycles) until pregnancy or through 12 at-risk menstrual cycles. Women were interviewed on enrollment and asked to complete daily diaries while attempting pregnancy. Blood specimens were obtained at baseline and after a positive home pregnancy test. Among women completing the study, 11 did not become pregnant, 14 experienced losses, and 54 delivered live born infants. Serum samples were analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture detection to measure 64 single-eluting and 12 di- or tri-eluting PCB congeners. Specimens were run in batches of 10 along with 4 quality controls (reagent blank, matrix blank, spiked matrix blank, and duplicate participant sample). Enzymatic methods were used for determining total serum lipids. TTP was defined as the number of menstrual cycles required for pregnancy. In separate models, PCB congeners were summarized into total or estrogenic, antiestrogenic, or other groupings. The exposure variables were used in discrete analogs of Cox proportional hazards models along with other covariates age, parity, serum lipids, and average number of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages consumed during each cycle while attempting pregnancy. Results: In adjusted models, the highest terciles of estrogenic and other PCBs were associated with an increased conditional probability of pregnancy (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 0.51–8.18 and OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 0.38–7.76) and antiestrogenic with a reduced probability (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.55–2.65). Similar findings were observed when assessing PCB groupings in their continuous form. Conclusions: The findings suggest a possible role for antiestrogenic PCs and reduced fecundity, and support congener-specific analysis in assessing potential reproductive toxicity.
Likely equilibria of the stochastic Rivlin cube (2019)

The problem of the Rivlin cube is to determine the stability of all homogeneous equilibria of an isotropic incompressible hyperelastic body under equitriaxial dead loads. Here, we consider the stochastic version of this problem where the elastic parameters are random variables following standard probability laws. Uncertainties in these parameters may arise, for example, from inherent data variation between different batches of homogeneous samples, or from different experimental tests. As for the deterministic elastic problem, we consider the following questions: what are the likely equilibria and how does their stability depend on the material constitutive law? In addition, for the stochastic model, the problem is to derive the probability distribution of deformations, given the variability of the parameters.
Mitochondrial complex III Qi‐site inhibitor resistance mutations found in laboratory selected mutants and field isolates (2018)

Use of single site Q<sub>i</sub> -site inhibitors is expected to result in the selection of resistant mutants. However, if the substitution is associated with a fitness penalty, as may be the case with S34L, resistance development might not be an insuperable obstacle, although careful monitoring is required. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Coated with Synthetic Bone-Targeting Polymers Enhance Osteoporotic Bone Fracture Regeneration (2020)

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density leading to bone fragility and an elevated risk of bone fractures. In osteoporotic conditions, decrease in bone density happens due to the augmented osteoclastic activity and the reduced number of osteoblast progenitor cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs). We investigated a new method of cell therapy with membrane-engineered MSCs to restore the osteoblast progenitor pool and to inhibit osteoclastic activity in the fractured osteoporotic bones. The primary active sites of the polymer are the N-hydroxysuccinimide and bisphosphonate groups that allow the polymer to covalently bind to the MSCs’ plasma membrane, target hydroxyapatite molecules on the bone surface and inhibit osteolysis. The therapeutic utility of the membrane-engineered MSCs was investigated in female rats with induced estrogen-dependent osteoporosis and ulnar fractures. The analysis of the bone density dynamics showed a 27.4% and 21.5% increase in bone density at 4 and 24 weeks after the osteotomy of the ulna in animals that received four transplantations of polymer-modified MSCs. The results of the intravital observations were confirmed by the post-mortem analysis of histological slices of the fracture zones. Therefore, this combined approach that involves polymer and cell transplantation shows promise and warrants further bio-safety and clinical exploration.
Performance of the CELSS Antarctic Analog Project (CAAP) Crop Production System (1998)

Regenerative life support systems potentially offer a level of self-sufficiency and a concomitant decrease in logistics and associated costs in support of space exploration and habitation missions. Current state-of-the-art in plant based, regenerative life support requires resources in excess of resource allocations proposed for candidate mission scenarios. Feasibility thresholds have been identified for candidate exploration missions. The goal of this paper is to review recent advances in performance achieved in the CELSS Antarctic Analog Project (CAAP) in light of likely resource constraints. A prototype CAAP crop production chamber has been constructed and operated at the Ames Research Center. The chamber includes a number of unique hardware and software components focused on attempts to increase production efficiency, increase energy efficiency, and control the flow of energy and mass through the system to achieve enhanced performance efficiency. Both single crop, batch production, and continuous cultivation of mixed crops Product ion scenarios have been completed. The crop productivity as well as engineering performance of the chamber will be described. For each scenario, energy required and partitioned for lighting, cooling, pumps, fans, etc. is quantified. Crop production and the resulting lighting efficiency and energy conversion efficiencies are presented. In the mixed-crop scenario, with up to 25 different crops under cultivation, 17 sq m of crop area provided a mean of 515 g edible biomass per day (83% of the approximately 620 g required for one person). Lighting efficiency (moles on photons kWh-1) approached 4 and the conversion efficiency of light energy to biomass was greatly enhanced compared with conventional growing systems. Engineering and biological performance achieved place plant-based life support systems at the threshold of feasibility.
In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities (2023)

Clinical measurement of corneal biomechanics can aid in the early diagnosis, progression tracking, and treatment evaluation of ocular diseases. Over the past two decades, interdisciplinary collaborations between investigators in optical engineering, analytical biomechanical modeling, and clinical research has expanded our knowledge of corneal biomechanics. These advances have led to innovations in testing methods (<i>ex vivo</i>, and recently, in vivo) across multiple spatial and strain scales. However, in vivo measurement of corneal biomechanics remains a long-standing challenge and is currently an active area of research. Here, we review the existing and emerging approaches for in vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation, which include corneal applanation methods, such as ocular response analyzer (ORA) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST), Brillouin microscopy, and elastography methods, and the emerging field of optical coherence elastography (OCE). We describe the fundamental concepts, analytical methods, and current clinical status for each of these methods. Finally, we discuss open questions for the current state of in vivo biomechanics assessment techniques and requirements for wider use that will further broaden our understanding of corneal biomechanics for the detection and management of ocular diseases, and improve the safety and efficacy of future clinical practice.
Alpha-interferon structure and natural killer cell stimulatory activity. (1990)

Expression vectors for human alpha-interferon (Hu-IFN-alpha) J1, a site-specific mutant [Ser116]Hu-IFN-alpha J1, and Hu-IFN-alpha J/C or Hu-IFN-alpha C/J hybrids were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. These interferons and others were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with a monoclonal antibody against human alpha-interferon. Their antiviral activity and ability to stimulate natural killer cell activity were determined in comparison to several other human interferons. These results provide some insight into structure-activity relationships for stimulating natural killer cells and confirm our previous conclusions that antiviral activity cannot be used to predict other activities for an individual IFN-alpha species. The observations suggest that the tertiary structure rather than any specific linear sequence of amino acids regulates the ability of the interferons to stimulate natural killer cell activity.
Differential regulation of closely related R2R3‐MYB transcription factors controls flavonol accumulation in different parts of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling (2007)

The genes MYB11, MYB12 and MYB111 share significant structural similarity and form subgroup 7 of the Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB gene family. To determine the regulatory potential of these three transcription factors, we used a combination of genetic, functional genomics and metabolite analysis approaches. MYB11, MYB12 and MYB111 show a high degree of functional similarity and display very similar target gene specificity for several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis, including CHALCONE SYNTHASE, CHALCONE ISOMERASE, FLAVANONE 3-HYDROXYLASE and FLAVONOL SYNTHASE1. Seedlings of the triple mutant myb11 myb12 myb111, which genetically lack a complete subgroup of R2R3-MYB genes, do not form flavonols while the accumulation of anthocyanins is not affected. In developing seedlings, MYB11, MYB12 and MYB111 act in an additive manner due to their differential spatial activity; MYB12 controls flavonol biosynthesis mainly in the root, while MYB111 controls flavonol biosynthesis primarily in cotyledons. We identified and confirmed additional target genes of the R2R3-MYB subgroup 7 factors, including the UDP-glycosyltransferases UGT91A1 and UGT84A1, and we demonstrate that the accumulation of distinct and structurally identified flavonol glycosides in seedlings correlates with the expression domains of the different R2R3-MYB factors. Therefore, we refer to these genes as PFG1-3 for 'PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES'.
Demonstration of a 0.48 THz Amplifier Module Using InP HEMT Transistors (2010)

In this letter, we present an amplifier module operating at a frequency of 0.48 THz. This represents almost a 50% increase in solid-state amplifier operating frequency compared to prior state of the art, and is the highest reported amplifier to date. The amplifier demonstrates a peak gain of 11.7 dB measured in a waveguide split-block housing. Sub 50-nm InP HEMT transistors with an estimated <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> > 1 THz are used to achieve this level of performance. The five stage amplifier is realized in coplanar waveguide, and uses monolithically integrated dipole probes to couple the chip from the WR 2.2 waveguide.
α-Selective Glucosylation Can Be Achieved with 6-O-para-Nitrobenzoyl Protection (2022)

A systematic study of the effect of various 6-<i>O</i>-acyl groups on anomeric selectivity in glucosylations with thioglycoside donors was conducted. All eight different esters were found to induce moderate-to-high α-selectivity in glucosylation with l-menthol with the best being 6-<i>O</i>-<i>p</i>-nitrobenzoyl. The effect appears to be general across various glucosyl acceptors, glucosyl donor types, and modes of activation. No evidence was found in favor of distal participation.
Selective Adsorption of Potassium in Seawater by CoHCF Thin Film Electrode and Its Electrochemical Desorption/Regeneration (2021)

Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) was tested for the selective uptake of K from seawater and the electrochemical method was adopted for the desorption and regeneration of the material. Powder form CoHCF could adsorb about 6.5 mmol/g of K from the seawater. For the ease of the electrochemical desorption and regeneration, CoHCF thin film was coated onto the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass to obtain a CoHCF electrode. K adsorption kinetics on CoHCF thin film was found to be well fitted with the intraparticle diffusion model, which was a two-step process. Five consecutive adsorption-desorption-regeneration cycles were carried out to know the gradual decrease in the adsorption capacity owing to changes in the redox states of two metals, Co and Fe, in the material. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) measurement results corresponded to the color change of CoHCF thin film, indicating the valence change of transition metals and the exchange of alkali metal cations happened on the CoHCF at different operation stages. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism, composition of the material was analysis in the following steps: adsorption, desorption, and regeneration. It was proved that the system based on CoHCF thin film modified electrode had the potential of recovering potassium from seawater.
Unimolecular and bimolecular homolytic reactions of organochromium and organocobalt complexes. Kinetics and equilibria (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnimolecular and bimolecular homolytic reactions of organochromium and organocobalt complexes. Kinetics and equilibriaAndreja Bakac and James H. EspensonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 18, 5197–5202Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00330a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00330a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2874Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MELDing Multiple Granularities of Parallelism (1989)

We are developing an experimental programming language, MELD, that supports a range of concurrent styles by supporting multiple programming paradigms at multiple levels of granularity. MELD integrates three granularities of parallelism: macro dataflow among statements within a method or among methods for fine grain concurrency, synchronous or asynchronous message passing among local or remote objects for medium grain concurrency, and transactions for large grain concurrency among users.
MAC protocol for a CDMA based wireless ATM LAN (2002)

A major challenge in the design of wireless ATM LANs is to overcome the severe degradation of channel bit error rate resulting from channel impairments such as multi-path propagations. In this paper, we propose a WATM LAN which incorporates the CDMA spread spectrum technique together with hybrid ARQ error control schemes to effectively combat multi-path effects. We present a TDMA based multiple access protocol to arbitrate access of ATM cells from mobile terminals into time-slots on multiple CDMA channels. The multiple access protocol can efficiently support a mixture of real-time, delay-sensitive services and loss-sensitive, data services.
Molecular Engineering of Organophosphate Hydrolysis Activity from a Weak Promiscuous Lactonase Template (2013)

Rapid evolution of enzymes provides unique molecular insights into the remarkable adaptability of proteins and helps to elucidate the relationship between amino acid sequence, structure, and function. We interrogated the evolution of the phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta (PdPTE), which hydrolyzes synthetic organophosphates with remarkable catalytic efficiency. PTE is thought to be an evolutionarily "young" enzyme, and it has been postulated that it has evolved from members of the phosphotriesterase-like lactonase (PLL) family that show promiscuous organophosphate-degrading activity. Starting from a weakly promiscuous PLL scaffold (Dr0930 from Deinococcus radiodurans ), we designed an extremely efficient organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) with broad substrate specificity using rational and random mutagenesis in combination with in vitro activity screening. The OPH activity for seven organophosphate substrates was simultaneously enhanced by up to 5 orders of magnitude, achieving absolute values of catalytic efficiencies up to 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). Structural and computational analyses identified the molecular basis for the enhanced OPH activity of the engineered PLL variants and demonstrated that OPH catalysis in PdPTE and the engineered PLL differ significantly in the mode of substrate binding.