gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Perioperative Complications Between Laparoscopic and Robotic Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer (2020)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Minimally invasive cystectomy is being increasingly performed, however, data comparing laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and robotic radical cystectomy (RRC) are scarce. We compared 30- and 90-day Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) complications between patients undergoing LRC and RRC at our center. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively evaluated 300 patients who underwent minimally invasive radical cystectomy from January 2007 to July 2019 and grouped them into LRC (112 patients) and RRC (188 patients). We compared the two groups for demographic variables, perioperative characteristics, and 30- and 90-day CDC overall, minor, and major complications. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables that predict perioperative complications. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The two groups were comparable for the duration of surgery (270 minutes in LRC <i>vs</i> 265 minutes in RRC) and rate of conversion to open surgery. The RRC cohort had a higher estimated blood loss (EBL) (675 mL <i>vs</i> 500 mL, <i>p</i> = 0.006), but the two groups had a comparable need for intraoperative transfusion. Patients undergoing RRC also had a shorter duration of hospital stay (13 days <i>vs</i> 14 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups for 30- and 90-day CDC overall, minor, and major complications. The incidence of rehospitalization within 30 days (<i>p</i> = 0.1) and surgical reintervention (<i>p</i> = 0.5) was also comparable between the two groups. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, approach to cystectomy (RRC <i>vs</i> LRC) was not a significant predictor of 30-day CDC overall and major complications. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> LRC was associated with lesser EBL, whereas the hospital stay was shorter in patients undergoing RRC. The two approaches were comparable with each other for 30- and 90-day CDC overall, minor, and major complications. The choice between the two approaches should depend on availability and surgeon experience and preference, rather than any specific perioperative parameter.
Police Reform and the Dismantling of Legal Estrangement (2017)

In police reform circles, many scholars and policymakers diagnose the frayed relationship between police forces and the communities they serve as a problem of illegitimacy, or the idea that people lack confidence in the police and thus are unlikely to comply or cooperate with them. The core proposal emanating from this illegitimacy diagnosis is procedural justice, a concept that emphasizes police officers' obligation to treat people with dignity and respect, behave in a neutral, non-biased way, exhibit an intention to help, and give them voice to express themselves and their needs, largely in the context of police stops. This Essay argues that legitimacy theory offers an incomplete diagnosis of the policing crisis, and thus de-emphasizes deeper structural, group-centered approaches to the problem of policing. The existing police regulatory regime encourages large swaths of American society to see themselves as existing within the law's aegis but outside its protection. This Essay critiques the reliance of police decision makers on a simplified version of legitimacy and procedural justice theory. It aims to expand the predominant understanding of police mistrust among African Americans and the poor, proposing that legal estrangement offers a better lens through which scholars and policymakers can understand and respond to the current problems of policing. Legal estrangement is a theory of detachment and eventual alienation from the law's enforcers, and it reflects the intuition among many people in poor communities of color that the law operates to exclude them from society. Building on the concepts of legal cynicism and anomie in sociology, the concept of legal estrangement provides a way of understanding the deep concerns that motivate today's police reform movement and points toward structural approaches to reforming policing.
Reaction Heat Utilization in Aluminosilicate-Based Ceramics Synthesis and Sintering (2017)

&lt;p&gt;Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is a widely known and extensively studied highly exothermicreaction- utilizing technique for making certain advanced composites and intermetallic compounds. However, only few studies have been published about the SHS of pure aluminosilicate ceramics. In the current work, possibilities for aluminosilicate ceramic synthesis and sintering requiring less energy based on the utilization of SHS in air was studied. Kaolinite powder and exothermically reactive metallic aluminium powder were used as raw materials. Thermodynamic calculations for the possible reactions and reaction paths were performed to show the theoretical possibilities for SHS utilization. The chemical reactions, thermal expansion behaviour and formed phase- and microstructures after SHS were compared to the conventional reaction sintering of mullite. Results conclude that highly exothermic reactions above 900 °C relating mainly to aluminium oxidation can ignite the SHS reaction in air atmosphere. After initialization, the reaction proceeded in a self-sustaining manner through entire test pieces, resulting in the formation of an Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; - Si phase structure. Thermodynamic calculations showed the total energy balance for mullite formation from aluminium and kaolinite mixtures as highly exothermic in nature only if sufficient oxygen is available to complete the reactions. However, future research is needed to fully utilize SHS in aluminosilicate ceramics processing.&lt;/p&gt;
Interictal Heart Rate Variability Analysis Reveals Lateralization of Cardiac Autonomic Control in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> The temporal lobe, a critical hub for cognition, also plays a central role in the regulation of autonomic cardiovascular functions. Lesions in this area are usually associated with abnormalities in the regulation of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). The analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) is useful to evaluate the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity. This study aims at comparing HRV changes occurring in two groups of patients suffering from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). To that aim, we evaluated patients differentiated by the right or left location of the epileptic foci. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Fifty-two adult patients with a diagnosis of TLE were enrolled. Each patient underwent a 20-min EEG + EKG recording in resting state. According to the localization of epileptic focus, patients were divided into two subgroups: right TLE (R-TLE) and left TLE (L-TLE). HRV parameters were calculated with a short-lasting analysis of EKG recordings. Time-domain and frequency domain-related, as well as non-linear analysis, parameters, were compared between the two groups. <b>Results:</b> Compared to the R-TLE group, L-TLE subjects showed a significant decrease in low frequency (LF) (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and low frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as increased HF values (<i>p</i> < 0.01), a parameter indicative of the presence of an increased cardiac vagal tone. These results were also confirmed in the subgroup analysis that took into account the seizure types, responses to antiepileptic drugs, seizure frequencies, and etiology. <b>Conclusions:</b> The main finding of the study is that, compared to R-TLE, L-TLE is associated with increased cardiac vagal tone. These results indicate that patients with TLE exhibit a lateralized cardiac autonomic control. L-TLE patients may have a lower risk of developing cardiac dysfunctions and less susceptible to develop Sudden Death for Epilepsy (SUDEP).
Ad hoc FSO communication (2017)

This paper presents a new framework for long range Free Space Optical communication (FSO). Motivated by the ever-growing demand for communication in 5G networks, the suggested framework tackles the natural FSO link drawbacks, commonly: complicated installation, limited range, size and pricing. The new FSO concept assumes a “best effort” model. It uses a new control and aiming mechanism for the Tx laser beam based on COTS components. This methodology is mostly suitable for urban FSO links but might also be applicable for both short range (IoT) and long range (satellite) communication. Based on simulations and preliminary field results we expect that such FSO links will be widely used in “best-effort” 5G applications allowing an affordable alternative to fiber optics and standard FSO systems.
Dynamic frame rate control for video streams (1999)

A mechanism for dynamically varying the frame rate of pre-encoded video clips is described. An off-line encoder creates a high quality bitstream encoded at 30 fps, as well as separate files containing motion vectors for the same clip at lower frame rates. An on-line encoder decodes the bitstream (if necessary) and re-encodes it at lower frame-rates in real-time using the pre-computed, stored motion information. Dynamic Frame Rate Control, used in conjunction with dynamic bit-rate control, allows clients to solve the rate mismatch between the bandwidth available to them and the bit-rate of the pre-encoded bitsream. It also provides a means for implementing Fast Forward control for video streaming without increasing bandwidth consumption.
High-Speed PIV, deformation and BOS measurementsfor rotor aerodynamics (2013)

Due to the complexity of the flow field around a helicopter, helicopter aerodynamics deal with quite a number of challenging aerodynamic problems like: flow separation on the retreating blades, compressible flow with shocks embedded on the advancing blades, a complex wake structure containing strong blade tip vortices, unsteady loads due to fluid structure interaction and many more. The extreme operation conditions on rotor blades limit the helicopter in many respects, like maximum speed, efficiency, noise emissions, loading capabilities and others. Due to the complex and frequently highly unsteady flow conditions at the rotor airfoils, experimental investigations are required to complete numerical simulations even if over the past decades, considerable progress has been made in the development of the performance prediction capabilities for isolated helicopter components. With modern CFD methods it is possible to compute the unsteady, three-dimensional flow field around a helicopter under moderate operation conditions (e.g. Antoniadisa et al. 2011). The computation time needed for such a computation with high spatial and temporal resolution is excessive and for now it remains unprofitable to incorporate CFD in the design iterations of future helicopters. Furthermore, CFD results still need validation and detailed experiments are needed to increase the physical understanding of helicopter flow phenomena and improve the modelling and prediction capabilities.
L‐Tyrosine, L‐DOPA, and Tyrosinase as Positive Regulators of the Subcellular Apparatus of Melanogenesis in Bomirski Ab Amelanotic Melanoma Cells (1989)

In cultured cells of the Bomirski Ab amelanotic hamster melanoma line, the substrates of tyrosinase, L-tyrosine, and L-DOPA induce the melanogenic pathway. In this report, we demonstrate that these substrates regulate the subcellular apparatus involved in their own metabolism and that this regulation is under the dynamic control of one of the components of this apparatus, tyrosinase, via tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Culturing cells with nontoxic but melanogenically inhibitory levels of phenylthiourea (PTU; 100 microM) strongly inhibits induction of both the tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA oxidase activities of tyrosinase by L-tyrosine (200 microM) but has no effect on the induction of either activity by L-DOPA (50 microM). De novo synthesis of premelanosomes precedes the onset of tyrosine-induced melanogenesis. Thereafter, increases in the population of melanosomes (likewise inhibited by PTU) correlate positively with increases in tyrosinase activity induced by L-tyrosine. Melanogenesis induced by L-DOPA in the absence of L-tyrosine is rate-limited not by tyrosinase but by inadequate melanosome synthesis. Our findings indicate that in Bomirski Ab amelanotic hamster melanoma cells the synthesis of the subcellular apparatus of melanogenesis is initiated by L-tyrosine and is regulated further by tyrosinase and L-DOPA, which serves as a second messenger subsequent to tyrosine hydroxylase activity.
TGF-&bgr;/Smad signaling defects in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms and possible novel therapies for chronic inflammation (2001)

The immune system normally defends the body against the constant threat of myriad organisms and substances in the surrounding environment. In some individuals immune reactivity becomes inappropriate or excessive, and autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases ensue, which usually persist for most of the patient’s life. While chronic inflammation can affect practically any organ, this process is distinctive in the gastrointestinal tract: Whereas most organs contain only a sprinkling of immune cells, the normal gut contains a rich lymphoid compartment that maintains a low level of “physiological” intestinal inflammation. Enteric flora and food antigens are believed to induce and sustain this physiological intestinal inflammation that is transformed into destructive and persistent “pathological” inflammation when the gut is involved by Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or other forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Purification and Properties of Acid Carboxypeptidase I from Aspergillus oryzae (1972)

To elucidate the constitution of peptidases from Aspergillus oryzae, systematic separation of the enzymes was carried out by batchwise treatment with Amberlite IRC-50 and precipitation with rivanol. Proteases were separated to two fractions. They were Amberlite IRC-50 adsorbed and the non-adsorbed fractions and the latter fraction was further separated to two fractions, rivanol precipitable and non-precipitable fractions. Acid carboxypeptidase I was purified from the rivanol non-precipitable fraction by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and SE-cellulose. The purified enzyme was not homogeneous on disc electrophoresis, although symmetric peaks were obtained for enzyme protein and activity in Sephadex gel filtration. The optimum pH is at pH 4.0 for carbobenzoxy-l-alanyl-l-glutamic acid. The enzyme activity was inhibited by SH reagents, but not inhibited by metal chelating agents. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 120,000 by gel filtration.
A case of catamenial pneumothorax in a dialysis patient (2006)

症例は46歳の女性. 29歳出産時に子宮内膜症を指摘された既往がある. 2000年7月原因不明の腎不全に対し透析導入された. 2001年10月より月経時痛が増強し, 2002年4月より月経前後に右自然気胸を繰り返した. 2002年8月より6か月GnRH療法を開始されたが, 月経時に気胸を繰り返した. 2003年7月再度GnRH療法を開始され, 治療中は月経もなく気胸も認めなかった. しかし治療終了後の月経時に気胸が再発し, 同年9月に入院となった. 胸腔鏡で右肺bullaと肺と横隔膜表面に暗赤色のblueberry spotを認め, 外科的に切除した. 切除組織の病理診断は子宮内膜であり月経随伴性気胸と確定診断した. その後気胸の再発はなく, 経過は良好である. 月経随伴性気胸は手術のタイミングにより確定診断を得ることは難しいこと, また透析患者では規則的な月経を有する者が少ないため, 透析患者に合併した月経随伴性気胸は貴重な症例と考え報告する.
Quantitative Analysis for Estimating Binding Potential of the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor with [11C]DAA1106 (2006)

[(11)C]DAA1106 is a potent and selective ligand for the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) with high affinity. It has been reported that the density of PBR is related to brain damage, so a reliable tracer method for the evaluation of PBR would be of use. We evaluated a quantification method of [(11)C]DAA1106 binding in simulated data and human brain data. In the simulation study, the reliability of parameters estimated from the nonlinear least-squares (NLS) method, graphical analysis (GA), and multilinear analysis (MA) was evaluated. In GA, variation of the estimated distribution volume (DV) was small. However, DV was underestimated as noise increased. In MA, bias was smaller, and variation of the estimated DV was larger than in GA. In NLS, although variation was larger than in GA, it was small enough in regions of interest analysis, and not only DV but also binding potential (BP), determined from the k(3)/k(4) without any constraint, could be estimated. The variation of BP estimated with NLS became larger as k(3) or k(4) became smaller. In human studies with normal volunteers, regions of interest were drawn on several brain regions, BP was calculated by NLS, and DV was also estimated by NLS, GA, and MA. As a result, DVs estimated with each method were well correlated. However, there was no correlation between BP with NLS and DV with NLS, GA, and MA, because of the variation of K(1)/k(2) between individuals. In conclusion, BP is estimated most reliably by NLS with the two-tissue compartment model.
Experimental investigation of water cooled server microprocessors and memory devices in an energy efficient chiller-less data center (2012)

Understanding and improving the thermal management and energy efficiency of data center cooling systems is of growing importance from a cost and sustainability perspective. Toward this goal, warm liquid cooled servers were developed to enable highly energy efficient chiller-less data centers that utilize only “free” ambient environment cooling. This approach greatly reduces cooling energy use, and could reduce data center refrigerant and make up water usage. In one exemplary experiment, a rack having such liquid cooled servers was tested on a hot summer day (~32°C) with CPU exercisers and memory exercisers running on every server to provide steady heat dissipation from the processors and from the DIMMs, respectively. Compared to a typical air cooled rack, significantly lower DIMM temperatures and CPU thermal values were observed.
Geradheitsmeßgerät mit interner Strahllagekorrektur/ Straightness measurement system with integrated beam position correction (1993)

Article Geradheitsmeßgerät mit interner Strahllagekorrektur/ Straightness measurement system with integrated beam position correction was published on May 1, 1993 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 60, issue 5).
Intermediate phases produced during the icosahedral-crystal transition (1988)

An investigation of a new quasicrystalline phase obtained in an alloy of Al86Mn14 under slow solidification rate is carried out. It has been named the N phase and seems to correspond to a transition phase between the T phase and the crystalline state. Its diffraction pattern shows an elliptical arrangement of 10 spots in a pseudo-fivefold direction and a threefold diffraction pattern similar to the one reported in the Al4Mn phase. This result indicates that, depending on the solidification rate, different quasicrystalline phases are obtained. Therefore, the transition between the icosahedral and the crystalline states could give rise to different phases as in a continuous transition.
Throughput Maximization by Time Switching in Multipoint WBAN With Fairness Consideration (2020)

In this paper, the average throughput maximization challenge with resources fairness consideration is proposed. In a multipoint wireless body area network (MP-WBAN), the time switching (TS) strategy and fairness algorithm are studied to improve system resources allocation performance. Under extreme circumstances, the sensors transfer command signals to the access point (AP) requesting the radio frequency (RF) energy from the source node. On the other hand, the sensors attached to the body surface transmit the perceived physiological information to the AP node. Owing to distance-dependent signal attenuation, the sensors near the AP node harvest more RF energy and time slots to achieve higher throughput. On the contrary, the sensors farther from the source node receive fewer RF energy and time slots to obtain lower throughput. Therefore, we design the common throughput maximization algorithm to allocate more time to farther sensors. At last, the effectiveness and accuracy of the studied fairness scheme are verified by simulation experimental data.
Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment (2017)

siRNA and shRNA-mediated knock down (KD) methods of regulating gene expression are invaluable tools for understanding gene and protein function. However, in the case that the KD of the protein of interest has a lethal effect on cells or the anticipated effect of the KD is time-dependent, unconditional KD methods are not appropriate. Conditional systems are more suitable in these cases and have been the subject of much interest. These include Ecdysone-inducible overexpression systems, Cytochrome P-450 induction system1, and the tetracycline regulated gene expression systems. The tetracycline regulated gene expression system enables reversible control over protein expression by induction of shRNA expression in the presence of tetracycline. In this protocol, we present an experimental design using functional Tet-ON system in human cancer cell lines for conditional regulation of gene expression. We then demonstrate the use of this system in the study of tumor cell-monocyte interaction.
Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group (2021)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming essential in the fields of precision oncology. With implementation of NGS in daily clinic, the needs for continued education, facilitated interpretation of NGS results and optimal treatment delivery based on NGS results have been addressed. Molecular tumor board (MTB) is multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. Although guidelines for NGS use and MTB have been developed in western countries, there is limitation for reflection of Korea's public health environment and daily clinical practice. These recommendations provide a critical guidance from NGS panel testing to final treatment decision based on MTB discussion.
Author Correction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for tracking cellular patterns obtained by Laser-Assisted Bioprinting (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Polychromatic Flow Cytometric Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction from Lipoaspirate and Microfragmented Counterparts Reveals Sex-Related Immunophenotype Differences (2021)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells (MSC)-based therapy holds promise as a beneficial strategy for treating knee OA (osteoarthritis), but there is no standardized protocols nor mechanistic understanding. In order to gain a better insight into the human MSC from adipose tissue applied for autologous OA treatment, we performed extensive comparative immunophenotyping of the stromal vascular fraction from lipoaspirate or microfragmented lipoaspirates by polychromatic flow cytometry and investigated the cellular components considered responsible for cartilage regeneration. We found an enrichment of the regenerative cellular niche of the clinically applied microfragmented stromal vascular fraction. Sex-related differences were observed in the MSC marker expression and the ratio of the progenitor cells from fresh lipoaspirate, which, in female patients, contained a higher expression of CD90 on the three progenitor cell types including pericytes, a higher expression of CD105 and CD146 on CD31<sup>high</sup>CD34<sup>high</sup> endothelial progenitors as well as of CD73 on supra-adventitialadipose stromal cells. Some of these MSC-expression differences were present after microfragmentation and indicated a differential phenotype pattern of the applied MSC mixture in female and male patients. Our results provide a better insight into the heterogeneity of the adipose MSC subpopulations serving as OA therapeutics, with an emphasis on interesting differences between women and men.