gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Medium Composition on Acrylic Acid Solution Polymerization and Process Scale‐Up (2016)

Summary The main objective of the present study was the production of poly(acrylic acid) through solution polymerizations in a process scale compatible with the commercial manufacture of dental cements. In order to do that, the work was divided into three fundamental steps. In the first step, the effect of system composition on final dental cement performance was analyzed with small reactors (50 mL). Then, the effect of the operation mode (batch or semibatch) on process performance and dental cement properties was also evaluated. Finally, process performance and dental cement properties were evaluated at a larger scale (12 L). It is shown that dental cements with adequate properties can be produced in both batch and semibatch modes with small reactors. However, at larger scales appropriate dental cements and safe process operation can only be obtained with the semibatch operation mode, requiring significant modification of recipes developed with small scale bench reactors.
High Performance InAs/${\rm In}_{0.53}{\rm Ga}_{0.23}{\rm Al}_{0.24}{\rm As}$/InP Quantum Dot 1.55 $\mu{\rm m}$ Tunnel Injection Laser (2013)

The characteristics of 1.55 μm InAs self-organized quantum-dot lasers, grown on (001) InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, have been investigated. Modulation doping of the dots with holes and tunnel injection of electrons have been incorporated in the design of the active (gain) region of the laser heterostructure. Large values of To=227 K (5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C ≤ T ≤ 45 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C) and 100 K were derived from temperature dependent measurements of the light-current characteristics. The modal gain per dot layer is 14.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and the differential gain derived from both light-current and small-signal modulation measurements is ~ 0.8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The maximum measured -3 dB small-signal modulation bandwidth is 14.4 GHz and the gain compression factor is 5.4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The lasers are characterized by a chirp of 0.6 Å for a modulation frequency of 10 GHz and a near zero α-parameter at the peak of the laser emission. These characteristics are amongst the best from any 1.55 μm edge-emitting semiconductor laser.
Spatiotemporal dynamic characterization of the laser-induced plasma of a mixed material (WCCu) under variable ablation angles in a vacuum (2022)

In this paper, a LIBS system with a coaxial collection configuration is developed to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic features of a laser-induced tungsten carbide copper (WCCu) plasma at variable LAAs under simulated EAST vacuum conditions.
KLF15 cistromes reveal a hepatocyte pathway governing plasma corticosteroid transport and systemic inflammation (2022)

Circulating corticosteroids orchestrate stress adaptation, including inhibition of inflammation. While pathways governing corticosteroid biosynthesis and intracellular signaling are well understood, less is known about mechanisms controlling plasma corticosteroid transport. Here, we show that hepatocyte KLF15 (Kruppel-like factor 15) controls plasma corticosteroid transport and inflammatory responses through direct transcriptional activation of <i>Serpina6</i>, which encodes corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). <i>Klf15</i>-deficient mice have profoundly low CBG, reduced plasma corticosteroid binding capacity, and heightened mortality during inflammatory stress. These defects are completely rescued by reconstituting CBG, supporting that KLF15 works primarily through CBG to control plasma corticosterone homeostasis. To understand transcriptional mechanisms, we generated the first KLF15 cistromes using newly engineered <i>Klf15</i><sup>3xFLAG</sup> mice. Unexpectedly, liver KLF15 is predominantly promoter enriched, including <i>Serpina6</i>, where it binds a palindromic GC-rich motif, opens chromatin, and transactivates genes with minimal associated direct gene repression. Overall, we provide critical mechanistic insight into KLF15 function and identify a hepatocyte-intrinsic transcriptional module that potently regulates systemic corticosteroid transport and inflammation.
Wavefront sensing at X-ray free-electron lasers (2019)

Here a direct comparison is made between various X-ray wavefront sensing methods with application to optics alignment and focus characterization at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Focus optimization at XFEL beamlines presents unique challenges due to high peak powers as well as beam pointing instability, meaning that techniques capable of single-shot measurement and that probe the wavefront at an out-of-focus location are desirable. The techniques chosen for the comparison include single-phase-grating Talbot interferometry (shearing interferometry), dual-grating Talbot interferometry (moiré deflectometry) and speckle tracking. All three methods were implemented during a single beam time at the Linac Coherent Light Source, at the X-ray Pump Probe beamline, in order to make a direct comparison. Each method was used to characterize the wavefront resulting from a stack of beryllium compound refractive lenses followed by a corrective phase plate. In addition, difference wavefront measurements with and without the phase plate agreed with its design to within λ/20, which enabled a direct quantitative comparison between methods. Finally, a path toward automated alignment at XFEL beamlines using a wavefront sensor to close the loop is presented.
MTHFR Polymorphisms, Dietary Folate Intake, and Breast Cancer Risk (2004)

Folate plays an important role in DNA methylation, synthesis, and repair; intake has been associated with breast cancer. The folate-metabolizing enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is polymorphic at nucleotides 677 (C-->T) and 1298 (A-->C), resulting in allozymes with decreased activity. We evaluated these two common polymorphisms and their effects on the folate intake and breast cancer risk association in a population-based case-control study of 1144 breast cancer cases and 1236 controls using a PCR-RFLP-based assay. All subjects completed in-person interviews, which included a food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Cases and controls were similar in the distribution of MTHFR polymorphisms at codons 677 (41.4% cases and 41.8% controls carried the T allele) and 1298 (17.6% cases and 17.5% controls carried the C allele). An inverse association of breast cancer risk with folate intake was observed in all genotype groups, particularly among subjects with the 677TT genotype. Compared with those with the 677CC genotype and high folate, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with low folate intake were 1.94 (1.15-3.26), 2.17 (1.34-3.51), and 2.51 (1.37-4.60) for subjects who had CC, CT, and TT genotypes (p for interaction, 0.05). No modifying effect of A1298C genotypes on the association of folate intake with breast cancer risk was observed. Results of this study suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphisms may modify the association between dietary folate intake and breast cancer risk.
A genome-wide search for epigenetically regulated genes in zebra finch using MethylCap-seq and RNA-seq (2016)

Learning and memory formation are known to require dynamic CpG (de)methylation and gene expression changes. Here, we aimed at establishing a genome-wide DNA methylation map of the zebra finch genome, a model organism in neuroscience, as well as identifying putatively epigenetically regulated genes. RNA- and MethylCap-seq experiments were performed on two zebra finch cell lines in presence or absence of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine induced demethylation. First, the MethylCap-seq methodology was validated in zebra finch by comparison with RRBS-generated data. To assess the influence of (variable) methylation on gene expression, RNA-seq experiments were performed as well. Comparison of RNA-seq and MethylCap-seq results showed that at least 357 of the 3,457 AZA-upregulated genes are putatively regulated by methylation in the promoter region, for which a pathway analysis showed remarkable enrichment for neurological networks. A subset of genes was validated using Exon Arrays, quantitative RT-PCR and CpG pyrosequencing on bisulfite-treated samples. To our knowledge, this study provides the first genome-wide DNA methylation map of the zebra finch genome as well as a comprehensive set of genes of which transcription is under putative methylation control.
A Square T-Type (ST-Type) Module for Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverters (2017)

This paper introduces a new module for asymmetrical multilevel inverters with a low number of components. The module is a square combination of two back-to-back T-type inverters and some other switches. A square T-type module produces 17 levels by 12 switches and 4 unequal dc sources (two 3VDC and two 1VDC). Also, it can be extended as a cascade connection in two strategies to achieve more levels. The module and its cascade connection are suitable for the applications in several dc sources systems such as photovoltaic farms, which lead to a modular topology with more voltage levels at higher voltages. Inherent creation of the negative voltage levels without any additional circuit (such as H-bridge circuit) is one of the main features of the proposed module. The low total harmonic distortion of the output voltage/current and low number of semiconductors are among the other advantages of the proposed module. A nearest level control method as a switching technique is used to produce high quality output voltage with lower harmonic contents. Simulations have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink and a prototype is implemented in the Power Electronics Laboratory; both the simulation and experimental results show a good performance.
Spatiotemporal Control of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells and in Mice Using the LightOn System (2013)

A light-switchable transgene system could be a powerful optogenetic tool for the precise manipulation of spatiotemporal gene expression in multicellular organisms. We have developed the LightOn system, which consists of a single chimeric protein (GAVPO) that can homodimerize and bind to promoters upon exposure to blue light, activating transcription of a target gene. This article describes protocols for precise control of gene expression in mammalian cells and mice using the LightOn system. These protocols can be carried out in an ordinary laboratory, as both liposome-mediated transfection and hydrodynamic tail vein injection are routine methods that can easily transfer the LightOn system to mammalian cells and mouse liver, respectively. The illumination equipment can also be easily obtained. The LightOn system can provide a robust, convenient means to control the expression of a gene of interest, with unprecedented temporal and spatial accuracy in manipulating an extremely broad range of biological processes.
Are GRBs the same at high redshift and low redshift (2013)

The majority of Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed at z > 6 have prompt durations of T90 < 30s, which, at first sight, is surprising given that cosmological time-dilation means this corresponds to < 5s in their rest frames. We have tested whether these high-redshift GRBs are consistent with being drawn from the same population as those observed at low-redshift by comparing them to an artificially red-shifted sample of 114 z < 4 bursts. This is accomplished using two methods to produce realistic high-z simulations of light curves based on the observed characteristics of the low-z sample. In Method 1 we use the Swift/BAT data directly, taking the photons detected in the harder bands to predict what would be seen in the softest energy band if the burst were seen at higher-z. In Method 2 we fit the light curves with a model, and use that to extrapolate the expected behaviour over the whole BAT energy range at any redshift. Based on the results of Method 2, a K-S test of their durations finds a ~1% probability that the high-z GRB sample is drawn from the same population as the bright low-z sample. Although apparently marginally significant, we must bear in mind that this test was partially a posteriori, since the rest-frame short durations of several high-z bursts motivated the study in the first instance.
The distribution and conservation of retrotransposable elements in cattle (2008)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of retrotransposable elements in monoallelically-expressed genes including imprinted, X-linked and olfactory genes vs. biallelically-expressed genes and to analyze the conservation of these elements in imprinted and homeobox genes in human, mouse and cattle. The frequency of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) was found to be significantly lower in imprinted genes compared to 2,748 nonimprinted genes from bovine chromosomes 4, 15, 29 and X. Consistent with human and mouse studies, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) were enriched on bovine chromosome X compared with autosomal chromosomes. High densities of LINE-1s were found in 223 bovine and 402 mouse olfactory genes compared to imprinted genes. The low density of SINEs and LINEs found in imprinted genes compared to chromosome X implies that different mechanisms are involved in controlling genomic imprinting and X inactivation.
Accelerated speckle imaging with the ATST visible broadband imager (2012)

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), a 4 meter class telescope for observations of the solar atmosphere currently in construction phase, will generate data at rates of the order of 10 TB/day with its state of the art instrumentation. The high-priority ATST Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) instrument alone will create two data streams with a bandwidth of 960 MB/s each. Because of the related data handling issues, these data will be post-processed with speckle interferometry algorithms in near-real time at the telescope using the cost-effective Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology that is supported by the ATST Data Handling System. In this contribution, we lay out the VBI-specific approach to its image processing pipeline, put this into the context of the underlying ATST Data Handling System infrastructure, and finally describe the details of how the algorithms were redesigned to exploit data parallelism in the speckle image reconstruction algorithms. An algorithm re-design is often required to efficiently speed up an application using GPU technology; we have chosen NVIDIA's CUDA language as basis for our implementation. We present our preliminary results of the algorithm performance using our test facilities, and base a conservative estimate on the requirements of a full system that could achieve near real-time performance at ATST on these results.
Kinetics and mechanism of electrophilic substitution of heteroaromatic compounds. Part XXII. The nitration of pyrimidinones (1971)

Pyrimidin-2(1H)-one and pyrimidin-2(1H),4(3H)-dione (uracil) and their N-methyl derivatives are nitrated in sulphuric acid as the oxo-(or dioxo-) tautomeric forms of the free base species. Rate constants are compared with those for other heterocycles and the influence of the ring NH and CO groups is discussed.
Ophthalmic manifestations of sickle cell disease (2012)

The awareness of subclinical disease as well as the identification of systemic factors associated with higher prevalence of sickle cell retinopathy will aid the clinician in identifying those patients who are at higher risk of retinopathy.
Dual role of metallic lithium in the initiation of vinyl polymerization (1986)

Alkali-metal-initiated polymerization of dienes has been known since the 19109. Metallic sodium and potassium have been known as ionic initiators for quite some time.3 However, the designation of metallic lithium as an initiator has not always been unequivocal.
A new technique for the optical generation of electron plasma waves (1971)

The coupling between transverse and longitudinal fields caused by bound electrons in a plasma provides a practical means for the optical generation of electron plasma waves (plasmons). The process has a threshold above which it becomes self-stimulated.
Biomolecule-assisted synthesis and functionality of metal nanoclusters for biological sensing: a review (2019)

Schematic representation of the synthesis of biomolecule-assisted metal nanoclusters for biological sensing applications.
Assessment of a COVID-19 Control Plan on an Urban University Campus During a Second Wave of the Pandemic (2021)

In this case series of COVID-19 transmission, BU used a coordinated strategy of testing, contact tracing, isolation, and quarantine, with robust management and oversight, to control COVID-19 transmission in an urban university setting.
Gearing Up: Visualizing Decision Support for Manufacturing (2018)

Computer-based Decision Support Systems (DSS) are intended to aid decision makers in collecting information from a variety of sources, in order to identify and solve problems and make decisions. Theoretical possibilities exist of building a DSS in any knowledge domain; notable work has taken place in business, medicine, defense, manufacturing, transportation, forestry, and law. The work described in this paper deals with the design of a DSS based on a mathematical model for an ice- cream manufacturing operation. Ice-cream manufacturing is a useful example because it is a multi- modal system that contains sufficient complexity in the processes to be generalized to many other kinds of operations.
Therapy with teicoplanin in the ICU: continuous intravenous infusion or intermittent intravenous administration? (2008)

Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic. The principle pharmacodynamic parameter is time dependency.
Investigation of flow-acoustic interaction in automotive turbocharger (2014)

In IC engine design, the surge condition of a turbocharger is a well-recognized phenomena. As the resulting global fluctuation of mass flux in the intake system is hazardous, the implemented safety margins are large. In order to, reduce such safety margins and employ turbochargers more efficiently, it is of interest to investigate acoustic fields as a possible surge triggering mechanism. Regardless the increasing relevance of this topic today, only few publications exist addressing the acoustics of turbochargers from the perspective of surge prediction and triggering. In the present paper acoustical properties of an automotive turbocharger are experimentally studied at the limit of stable operation as well as under normal operating conditions in the unique CCGEx test rig at KTH. The full two-port data including passive and active parts is determined and utilized to investigate the possible coupling effects between unstable flow and acoustic fields. The local flow instabilities, occurring at the limit of globally stable operation, can interact with the acoustic field and amplify incident sound waves which eventually can lead to an unstable situation and surge. This effect can be studied from the passive two-port data. In addition the active data can be used to find the occurrence of compact correlated sources in the compressor such as rotating stall a pre-cursor of surge.
High-resolution laser spectrometer for fundamental and applied research (2007)

The first Russian high-resolution tunable laser spectrometer based on a high-power cw Ar+ pump laser is briefly described. The spectrometer is intended for precise nuclear physics investigations of hyperfine interactions. The spectrometer design and the block diagram of the laser experimental setup are considered. The main directions of fundamental and applied research are listed.
Simulation and Model Checking for Close to Realtime Overtaking Planning (2021)

Fast and reliable trajectory planning is a key requirement of autonomous vehicles. In this paper we introduce a novel technique for planning the route of an autonomous vehicle on a straight rural road using the Spin model checker. We show how we can combine Spins ability to identify paths violating temporal properties with sensor information from a 3D Unity simulation of an autonomous vehicle, to plan and perform consecutive overtaking manoeuvres on a traffic heavy road. This involves discretising the sensory information and combining multiple sequential Spin models with a Linear Time Temporal Logic specification to generate an error path. This path provides the autonomous vehicle with an action plan. The entire process takes place in close to realtime using no precomputed data and the action plan is specifically tailored for individual scenarios. Our experiments demonstrate that the simulated autonomous vehicle implementing our approach can drive on average at least 40km and overtake 214 vehicles before experiencing a collision, which is usually caused by inaccuracies in the sensory system. While the proposed system has some drawbacks, we believe that our novel approach demonstrates a potentially powerful future tool for efficient trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles.
Spectral refractive index assessment of turbid samples by combining spatial frequency near-infrared spectroscopy with Kramers–Kronig analysis (2018)

A practical algorithm for estimating the wavelength-dependent refractive index (RI) of a turbid sample in the spatial frequency domain with the aid of Kramers-Kronig (KK) relations is presented. In it, phase-shifted sinusoidal patterns (structured illumination) are serially projected at a high spatial frequency onto the sample surface (mouse scalp) at different near-infrared wavelengths while a camera mounted normally to the sample surface captures the reflected diffuse light. In the offline analysis pipeline, recorded images at each wavelength are converted to spatial absorption maps by logarithmic function, and once the absorption coefficient information is obtained, the imaginary part (k) of the complex RI (CRI), based on Maxell's equations, can be calculated. Using the data represented by k, the real part of the CRI (n) is then resolved by KK analysis. The wavelength dependence of n ( λ ) is then fitted separately using four standard dispersion models: Cornu, Cauchy, Conrady, and Sellmeier. In addition, three-dimensional surface-profile distribution of n is provided based on phase profilometry principles and a phase-unwrapping-based phase-derivative-variance algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the capability of the proposed idea for sample's determination of a biological sample's RI value.