gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cidea and FSP27: novel proteins associated with triglyceride storage in adipocytes (2009)

Lipid droplets are now been characterized as organelles existing in most types of cells and tissues of higher eukaryotes. Storage of energy as triglyceride in large adipose‐specific lipid droplets is a fundamental need in all mammals. Recently we found that the Cide domain‐ containing proteins, Cidea and FSP27 (Cidec), are associated with lipid droplets in adipocytes. Expression of Cidea and FSP27 greatly enhance lipid droplet size and neutral lipids when expressed ectopically in COS cells and 3T3‐L1 fibroblasts. Their expression in adipocytes is differentiation dependent, controlled by PPARγ and their depletion causes fragmentation of lipid droplets accompanied by markedly elevated lipolysis. Our results indicate an important role of Cidea and FSP27 in lipid droplet dynamics. Strikingly, in omental and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) from BMI‐matched obese humans, expression of Cidea, Cidec and well known lipid droplet protein, perilipin, correlates positively with insulin sensitivity. Thus, Cidea, Cidec and Perilipin define a novel, highly regulated pathway of triglyceride deposition in human WAT. The data support a model whereby failure of this pathway results in ectopic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and its associated co‐morbidities in humans.
Transition to just‐in‐time purchasing (1998)

The transition from a traditional purchasing system to a JIT purchasing system can be a slow process or even unattainable, because of unreliable suppliers. The purchaser tries to co‐operate with the vendor, with the goal of receiving smaller, more frequent deliveries, on time, with the quality and quantity required. Often the vendor is ready to co‐operate, but is unable to fulfil these requirements. Provides simple models and methods to aid purchasers in this transition state. Gives simple approximate formulas for the minimum safety stock necessary to ensure the required service level of supply. Considers the case of random delays in shipments, random yield and uncertain demand, which are typical characteristics during the transition period. This safety stock depends on the order quantity and the number of shipments. Provides a simple method to find the order quantity, the number of shipments and safety stock, which minimize the joint total cost of the vendor and purchaser and ensure the required level of supply. Analyzes the savings provided by this method and the sensitivity of the models, in detail.
Human PXR Forms a Tryptophan Zipper-Mediated Homodimer (2006)

The human nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) responds to a wide variety of potentially harmful chemicals and coordinates the expression of genes central to xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. Structural studies reveal that the PXR ligand binding domain (LBD) uses a novel sequence insert to form a homodimer unique to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Terminal beta-strands from each monomeric LBD interact in an ideal antiparallel fashion to bury potentially exposed surface beta-strands, generating a 10-stranded intermolecular beta-sheet. Conserved tryptophan and tyrosine residues lock across the dimer interface and provide the first tryptophan-zipper (Trp-Zip) interaction observed in a native protein. We show using analytical ultracentrifugation that the PXR LBD forms a homodimer in solution. We further find that removal of the interlocking aromatic residues eliminates dimer formation but does not affect PXR's ability to interact with DNA, RXRalpha, or ligands. Disruption of the homodimer significantly reduces receptor activity in transient transfection experiments, however, and effectively eliminates the receptor's recruitment of the transcriptional coactivator SRC-1 both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the unique Trp-Zip-mediated PXR homodimer plays a role in the function of this nuclear xenobiotic receptor.
Study on Control Strategy of Clutch Engagement Based on Fuzzy Control during Vehicle Starting (2009)

Characteristics of clutch engagement at different engagement stages were different, so different control methods were used in different stages. At quick engagement stage proportional control was used. Control system of starting acceleration stage was serious non-linear and it was difficult to establish precise mathematical model, so fuzzy control was adopted. At synchronization engagement stage clutch jointed at the biggest speed, and off-on control was used. Characteristics of vehicle starting were different in different conditions, so clutch was controlled by different fuzzy controllers whose control parameters were different. Finally, simulation results show that the strategy can adapt driver's starting intention and changes of engine parameters and driving environment, and meet requests of vehicle starting smoothly, fast and little wear of clutch. The control results are satisfying.
REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEIN TURNOVER DURING SEPSIS (1997)

Skeletal muscle protein wasting is a prominent feature of the metabolic response to sepsis. Persistent protein wasting leads to muscle dysfunction and prolongs recovery from the septic insult. Unfortunately, conventional nutritional support alone does not prevent the sepsis-induced weight loss and catabolism of muscle. Hence, mechanisms other than substrate deficiency appear to be involved in the derangements in protein metabolism during sepsis. The catabolism of muscle during sepsis results from a stimulation of proteolysis and an inhibition of protein synthesis. This review summarizes the mechanisms responsible for alterations in protein synthesis and degradation in muscle during sepsis at the biochemical level. The ability of hormones (insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, glucocorticoids) or cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1) to act as mediators of protein catabolism is also examined. Finally, we discuss the potential role of anticytokine therapies in preventing derangements in protein metabolism during sepsis. A picture is emerging which suggests that cytokines may influence skeletal muscle protein metabolism during sepsis both indirectly through inhibition of the regulatory actions of anabolic hormones on protein turnover, and directly through modulation of the protein synthesis and degradation enzymatic machinery.
A reduced-state soft decision feedback Viterbi equaliser for mobile radio communications (2002)

The paper presents a new reduced-state soft decision feedback Viterbi equalizer (RSSDFVE) with a channel estimator and predictor. A multi-ray Rayleigh fading channel model with a Doppler frequency shift is used in the simulation. For fast convergence, a channel estimator with fast start-up is proposed. The channel estimator obtains the sampled channel impulse response (CIR) from the training sequence and updates the RSSDFVE during the bursts in order to track the changes of the channel. According to the simulation results, the proposed RSSDFVE gives much better performance than the DFE for severe Rayleigh multipath fading channels with much less implementation complexity than MLSE. The fast start-up (FS) channel estimator gives a faster convergence than a Kalman channel estimator and can achieve the same performance as the Kalman estimator with a shorter training sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advances in Fertility Preservation in Young Female Cancer Patients (2008)

Most female cancer patients of reproductive age do not have the\noption of utilising in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo cryopreservation to safeguard their fertility. Indeed, in many cancers chemotherapy is initiated soon after diagnosis. For patients who require immediate chemotherapy, or those with hormone-sensitive cancer or who are still pre-pubertal, the practice of oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation has rapidly become the technique of choice, although it remains experimental.\nCryopreservation of oocytes can be performed in single women who are\nable to undergo a stimulation cycle, but the effectiveness of this technique is still low, with delivery rates of 1–5% per frozen–thawed oocyte.\nNevertheless, since the recent introduction of oocyte vitrification, the delivery rates are about two-fold per thawed oocyte. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the only option available for pre-pubertal girls and for woman who cannot delay the start of chemotherapy. Ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation procedures have so far yielded six live births in humans after autologous transplantation.
Development of a Giant Carbonate Oil Field, Part 2: Migration from Pressure Maintenance Development to Sweep Oriented IOR Development (2015)

Abstract The studied field is a relatively homogeneous giant carbonate field composed of three stacked isolated reservoirs, having produced for nearly 50 years through a series of pressure maintenance methods. Chronologically, the implemented methods include gravity-driven dumpflood water injection, peripheral water injection and immiscible crestal gas injection. As the historical and on-going pressure maintenance oriented development is reaching its limitation in sustaining the oil production, it is necessary to move towards a sweep oriented development to further extend the plateau and increase final recovery. A robust full field improved oil recovery (IOR) development plan is proposed with a smooth transition from pressure maintenance to sweep oriented development. The key questions to be answered in the IOR development are (a) when to migrate to sweep oriented development, (b) how to configure the pattern, (c) how to manage voidage replacement and decide the split between water and gas injection, and (d) how to resolve associated common issues with pattern water injection and crestal gas injection. The workflow includes dividing the field into three zones based on reservoir quality and current maturity to water flood. Dedicated sweep oriented strategy is defined for different zones respectively and its efficiency is evaluated through reservoir simulations by incorporating practical drilling campaign, well completion type, surface facility constraints and interference with historical development. According to simulation results of the IOR plan, it can be concluded that the developed strategy (a) efficiently sweeps the oil without bypassed regions, effectively recovering down to residual oil saturation, (b) is quite robust with respect to the change of well count, (c) extends the plateau with efficient pressure support in the field and (d) is a reasonable approach towards yet undefined tertiary enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application. This paper discusses the approach used to develop this IOR plan for the near and far future development of this giant carbonate field, focusing in particular on the solution of the above mentioned key questions.
Embryonic Transcription Factors CDX2 and Oct4 Are Overexpressed in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Ileum: A Pilot Study (2013)

CDX2 is overexpressed in ileum NETs, thus playing a role in the tumorigenesis of these rare tumors. Since expression does not correlate with clinical stage or phenotype, it might be an early event in tumor development.
Real-Time Emulator of Magnetic Suspension System for FPGA-based Controller (2006)

This paper presents an implementation of an FPGA-based real-time emulator for mechatronic applications. Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) for contactless support of high-speed rotors are selected as a case study. It is shown that for a general class of state-space models with separable nonlinearities, it is possible to build an optimized hardware implementation of the plant emulator or state observer, a basic part of a state-space controller. The emulator can be used for real-time validation of the control system and its components. Firstly, the paper focuses on the implementation of the nonlinear part of the AMB actuator. Secondly, the implementation of the linearized plant dynamics of an actuator and mechanical rotor model are presented. Finally, the implementation of complex numbered state-space models, e.g. flexible rotor models, using different arithmetic units for complex numbers, is discussed.
Fentanyl and carfentanil permeation through commercial disposable gloves (2020)

In 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that opioid overdose deaths (including fentanyl and carfentanil) comprised 46,802 (69%) of the 67,367 total drug overdose deaths. The opioid overdose epidemic affects Americans not only at home but also in the workplace. First responders may be at risk of opioid exposure during incidents such as vehicle searches and responses to overdose calls. To reduce direct exposure to opioids and other hazardous drugs, first responders rely in part on personal protective equipment (PPE) as their last line of defense. First responders seek guidance from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) regarding appropriate PPE selection for potential opioid exposure. There is limited empirical glove performance data for illicit drugs. Empirical data are needed to validate NIOSH's current recommendations regarding gloves to help prevent exposure to illicit drugs (i.e., powder-free nitrile gloves with a minimum thickness of 5 ± 2 mil [0.127 ± 0.051 millimeters]); however, no industry standard or test method currently exists for specifically evaluating PPE performance against fentanyl and its analogs. To understand the permeation qualities of gloves when challenged against fentanyl and carfentanil solutions, the ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials) ASTM D6978-19 standard for chemotherapy drug glove permeation was adapted to test fentanyl and carfentanil hydrochloride solution permeation through twelve disposable glove models, including five models in which the manufacturers claim fentanyl protection. No nitrile glove models showed fentanyl or carfentanil permeation rates above the chemotherapy drug threshold criterion of 0.01 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>/min (i.e., thereby meeting the performance requirement) as calculated using the ASTM D6978-19 standard within the 240-min test. Latex and vinyl glove materials exhibited fentanyl and carfentanil permeation with permeation rates above this threshold. These findings are among the first empirical data to support NIOSH's current opioid glove recommendations and define procedures that could be used to support industry standards for evaluating opioid permeation through air-impermeable PPE materials.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Demonstrates a Pre-fibrotic and Premalignant Molecular Signature (2018)

HFD-fed mice exhibited NAFLD that had incompletely transitioned from fatty liver to NASH. Importantly, bioinformatics approaches identified pre-fibrotic and premalignant signatures, suggesting that the pathogenesis of both fibrosis and cancer may initiate in fatty livers well before associated histological changes are evident.
Human xenoreactive natural antibodies of the IgM isotype activate pig endothelial cells (1994)

Abstract: Preformed, xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) and complement (C) are involved in the initiation of vascular rejection of organs transplanted between discordant species, presumably by stimulating donor organ endothelial cells (EC). Although C is known to play a role in the activation of EC, it has not been clear whether the antibodies serve only to anchor the initial components of C, and thus permit the C cascade to proceed, or whether the antibodies themselves deliver a signal to the EC. We have tested affinity‐purified human IgM containing XNA (IgM‐XNA) for its ability to stimulate in vitro the up‐regulation of genes in pig EC. Northern blot analysis shows that IgM, which contains XNA, stimulates mRNA accumulation for certain genes (including IL‐8, PAI‐1, and ECI‐7, a new gene that we have found is associated with EC activation), but not others known to be up‐regulated in response to TNF, IL‐1 or LPS. Our results show that XNA provide a signal to EC, and thus may themselves participate in activation of EC and consequent vascular rejection.
Statistical reconstruction for x-ray computed tomography using energy-integrating detectors (2007)

Statistical image reconstruction (SR) algorithms have the potential to significantly reduce x-ray CT image artefacts because they use a more accurate model than conventional filtered backprojection and can incorporate effects such as noise, incomplete data and nonlinear detector response. Most SR algorithms assume that the CT detectors are photon-counting devices and generate Poisson-distributed signals. However, actual CT detectors integrate energy from the x-ray beam and exhibit compound Poisson-distributed signal statistics. This study presents the first assessment of the impact on image quality of the resultant mismatch between the detector and signal statistics models assumed by the sinogram data model and the reconstruction algorithm. A 2D CT projection simulator was created to generate synthetic polyenergetic transmission data assuming (i) photon-counting with simple Poisson-distributed signals and (ii) energy-weighted detection with compound Poisson-distributed signals. An alternating minimization (AM) algorithm was used to reconstruct images from the data models (i) and (ii) for a typical abdominal scan protocol with incident particle fluence levels ranging from 10(5) to 1.6 x 10(6) photons/detector. The images reconstructed from data models (i) and (ii) were compared by visual inspection and image-quality figures of merit. The reconstructed image quality degraded significantly when the means were mismatched from the assumed model. However, if the signal means are appropriately modified, images from data models (i) and (ii) did not differ significantly even when SNR is very low. While data-mean mismatches characteristic of the difference between particle-fluence and energy-fluence transmission can cause significant streaking and cupping artefacts, the mismatch between the actual and assumed CT detector signal statistics did not significantly degrade image quality once systematic data means mismatches were corrected.
Recent progress in opto-electronic oscillator (2005)

unique device based on photonics techniques to generate highly spectrally pure microwave signals. The development of the OEO was motivated by the need for high performance oscillators in the frequency range larger than 10 GHz, where conventional electronic oscillators have a number of limitations. These limitations typically stem from the product of fQ, where f is the oscillator frequency and Q is the quality factor of the resonator in the oscillator. In conventional resonators, whether electromagnetic or piezoelectric, this product is usually a constant. Thus, as the oscillator frequency is pushed higher, the quality factor degrades, resulting in degradation of the phase noise of the oscillator. An approach to mitigate the problem is to start with a very high quality signal in the 5 to 100 MHz range generated by a quartz oscillator and multiply the frequency to achieve the desired microwave signal. Here again, frequency multiplication also results in an increase of the phase noise by a factor of 20logN, where N is the multiplication factor.
Evaluation of the genetic structure of Bromus inermis populations from chemically and radioactively polluted areas using microsatellite markers from closely related species (2021)

<b>Hypothesis:</b> The anthropogenic effects can be manifested in a decrease in genetic diversity and the population differentiation, and increase in the frequencies of rare and/or private alleles.<b>Materials and methods:</b> We have selected a collection of primers for <i>B. inermis</i>, consisting of 21 microsatellite loci from <i>B. sterilis</i>, <i>B. tectorum</i> and <i>Triticum aestivum</i>.<b>Results:</b> Only 38% of SSR primers showed good transferability and were used for <i>B. inermis</i> population studies from technogenic pollution areas. We revealed 42 alleles at eight loci, and the number of alleles per locus varied from one to 13 per populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci in <i>B. inermis</i> populations was 48.44%. A total of 22 rare, 14 private and 9 both rare and private alleles were reported. There were no correlations between geographic and genetic distances. Only 6.8% of the genetic variability was distributed among <i>B. inermis</i> populations.<b>Conclusion:</b> There was no decrease in genetic diversity found in <i>B. inermis</i> populations growing under anthropogenic stress. No significant differences in the number of rare and private alleles in the background and impact populations of <i>B. inermis</i> were found. The smooth brome is characterized by low differentiation of the populations. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.
Study of Canadian Propolis by GC-MS and HPLC (1993)

Abstract Propolis and propolis balsam from Canada was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography and the results compared. The compounds identified indicated that the main plant source was Populus from Section Aigeiros
Realization of multitasking wireless robot for defence applications (2017)

Multitasking wireless robot system is very effective in regions where the environment is not good enough for human survival. This system uses a robot vehicle which will not only enter such regions but also pick objects for further investigation. This robot vehicle also has a mobile to record video and live streaming. The whole system can be controlled by a remote. The existing robot uses charged batteries as an energy source, also have a video camera. The proposed system is using solar panel and charged batteries as an energy source, thus it becomes convenient to use the robot for a long time, also have a mobile for video recording where existing system is using highly expensive video camera. The proposed system is capable of live streaming using 3G/4G Technology. Due to the advancement in technology this robot is very effective for defence oriented applications. The tools used for software representation is MPLAB, Embedded C Programming techniques, proteus and the hardware consists of a driving module, a communication and sensing module, a PIC Microcontroller and a power supply module. In defence areas, Robot are usually miniature in size so they are enough capable to enter in tunnels, mines and small holes in building and also have capability to survive in harsh and difficult climatic conditions for life long time without causing any harm.
Efficacy of Olanzapine and Olanzapine-Fluoxetine Combination in the Treatment of Bipolar I Depression (2003)

Olanzapine is more effective than placebo, and combined olanzapine-fluoxetine is more effective than olanzapine and placebo in the treatment of bipolar I depression without increased risk of developing manic symptoms.
Synthetic Tumors Make AI Segment Tumors Better (2022)

We develop a novel strategy to generate synthetic tumors. Unlike existing works, the tumors generated by our strategy have two intriguing advantages: (1) realistic in shape and texture, which even medical professionals can confuse with real tumors; (2) effective for AI model training, which can perform liver tumor segmentation similarly to a model trained on real tumors - this result is unprecedented because no existing work, using synthetic tumors only, has thus far reached a similar or even close performance to the model trained on real tumors. This result also implies that manual efforts for developing per-voxel annotation of tumors (which took years to create) can be considerably reduced for training AI models in the future. Moreover, our synthetic tumors have the potential to improve the success rate of small tumor detection by automatically generating enormous examples of small (or tiny) synthetic tumors.