gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing embedded sequential cores in parallel using spectrum-based BIST (2006)

We present a new BIST (built-in-self-test) architecture for system-on-a-chip (SOC), which can test a cluster of embedded sequential cores simultaneously. The compressed spectrum for a cluster of cores under test is computed by performing spectral analysis individually on all cores. Because there is no need to combine the cores to extract the spectrum for the entire cluster, the computation complexity is greatly reduced. For each individual core, we propose an interleaved state relaxation on the compacted test sequence for its characteristic fault set, leading to a partially specified, interleaved sequence which can be merged in a much easier way. A delay network and a switching network are added selectively to allow for more aggressive merging of spectra. Experimental results show that the same level of fault coverage can be achieved for each individual core with negligible hardware overhead, while the test application time for testing the entire cluster can be reduced by up to four times and the test data storage requirement is reduced by up to 42 percent.
SMART ANTENNA ARRAY PATTERNS SYNTHESIS: NULL STEERING AND MULTI-USER BEAMFORMING BY PHASE CONTROL (2006)

In this article, an efficient method for the pattern synthesis of the linear antenna arrays with the prescribed null and multi-lobe Beamforming is presented. Multi-lobe pattern and adaptive nulling of the pattern is achieved by controlling only the phase of each array element. The proposed method is based on the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm and the linear antenna array synthesis was modelled as a multi-objective optimization problem. Multi-objective optimization is concerned with the maximization (or minimization) of a vector of objectives functions in the directions of desired signal that can be subject of a number of constraints (in our case, the constraints can be imposed as the null in the direction of interfering signal). To verify the validity of the technique, several illustrative examples of uniform excited array patterns with the main beam is placed in the direction of the useful signal and null is placed in the direction of potential interferers, and multi-beam patterns are demonstrated.
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Bifidobacterium longum CNCM I‐5642 (PP102I) for cats and dogs (Nestlé Enterprises S.A.) (2022)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> CNCM I-5642 (PP102I) when used as a feed additive for cats and dogs. The product under assessment consists of viable cells of a strain of <i>B. longum</i>, a species considered suitable for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to safety assessment. The strain was unambiguously identified as <i>B. longum</i> and was shown not to harbour antimicrobial resistance determinants for antibiotics of human and veterinary importance, thus meeting the QPS requirements. Following the QPS approach to safety assessment and since no concerns are expected from maltodextrin, the other component of the additive, PP102I was considered safe for the target species and the environment. Owing to the lack of data, no conclusions could be drawn on the skin/eye irritancy potential of PP102I. However, it should be considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The Panel was not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of PP102I for the target species.
Wireless smart sensors for monitoring the health condition of civil infrastructure (2018)

A wireless smart sensor (WSS) has an embedded processor which is employed for signal processing, communication, and integration capabilities.  A state-of-the-art review of recent articles on the WSS technologies employed in structural health monitoring (SHM) is presented in this paper. Different types of WSS and communication technologies are reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. WSS networks provide a number of advantages for SHM such as robust data management, higher flexibility, low cost, and high potential for providing data for better understanding of structural response and behavior. Hybrid platforms, fusing different technological platforms, appear to be promising schemes as the strengths of each technology are exploited. Next generation WSS must consume less power, integrate more with new sensors, have improved noise immunity, and be capable of working with a huge quantity of data without losses produced by wireless communication. Power harvesting based on wind, solar, and structural vibration energy needs to be explored further for long-term. Truly smart sensors should have inherent pattern recognition and machine learning capabilities. Authors advance the research ideology of integrating the sensor technology with recent advances in machine learning technologies.
Label-free three-photon imaging of intact human cerebral organoids: tracking early events in brain development and deficits in Rett Syndrome (2022)

ABSTRACT Human cerebral organoids are unique in their development of progenitor-rich zones akin to ventricular zones from which neuronal progenitors differentiate and migrate radially. Analyses of cerebral organoids thus far have been performed in sectioned tissue or in superficial layers due to their high scattering properties. Here, we demonstrate label-free three-photon imaging of whole, uncleared intact organoids (∼2 mm depth) to assess early events of early human brain development. Optimizing a custom-made three-photon microscope to image intact cerebral organoids generated from Rett Syndrome patients, we show defects in the ventricular zone volumetric structure of mutant organoids compared to isogenic control organoids. Long-term imaging live organoids reveals that shorter migration distances and slower migration speeds of mutant radially migrating neurons are associated with more tortuous trajectories. Our label-free imaging system constitutes a particularly useful platform for tracking normal and abnormal development in individual organoids, as well as for screening therapeutic molecules via intact organoid imaging.
The ischaemic and scar burden measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ischaemic coronary heart disease from the CE-MARC study (2013)

Background The prognostic importance of the ischaemic and scar burden, and their impact on coronary heart disease (CHD) patient management is well established from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies. Recently, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been shown to have superior sensitivity for the detection of CHD compared with SPECT [1]. However, the ischaemic and the scar burden measured by CMR and SPECT have not been compared. Methods From the prospective CE-MARC study, all patients who had significant coronary artery stenosis (≥70% of a first order coronary artery or ≥50% of the left main artery) on quantitative invasive coronary angiography and ischaemia on both CMR and SPECT were selected. The summed stress score (SSS), the summed rest score (SRS) as well as the summed difference score (SDS) were assessed based on a 5-point scoring scale (0=normal; 4=severe) for perfusion defects and/or late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)
Nematicidal effect of collagen-amended soil and the influence of protease and collagenase (1990)

Puisque le collagene est le principal composant de la cuticule des nematodes il etait interessant d'etudier les effets du collagene en tant qu'amendement du sol avec d'autres proteines et de la chitine, et d'evaluer le role de l'activite proteolytique et collagenolytique
Model for end‐stage liver disease Na Score predicts incident major cardiovascular events in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2017)

Among patients with NAFLD, the MELD-Na score accurately risk stratifies patients according to future CVD event risk. The addition of the MELD-Na score to the FRS may further improve discrimination of NAFLD-related CVD risk.
Optimal Integration of Directly Combined Hydrophobic Interaction and Ion Exchange Chromatography Purification Processes (2012)

Abstract Hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange chromatography are basic steps in purification of fermentative biopharmaceuticals. An optimization by statistical design of experiments requires a huge amount of feed. An alternative approach is the combination of model parameter determination using small scale experimental model parameter determination (1‐mL columns) and rigorous process modeling. Applicability for the prediction of the separation of a fermentation mixture of CHO mammalian cell culture is validated and hence IgG is purified from cell culture supernatant. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography directly combined with ion exchange chromatography is optimized. Any direct integration of those two main unit operations in purification processes is a methodological first step towards total process optimization. The potential for cost reduction and overall yield improvement is demonstrated and this leads to the conclusion that single step optimization is a feigned and not a real optimum.
Designing Biomaterials for 3D Printing (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an increasingly common technique to fabricate scaffolds and devices for tissue engineering applications. This is due to the potential of 3D printing to provide patient-specific designs, high structural complexity, rapid on-demand fabrication at a low-cost. One of the major bottlenecks that limits the widespread acceptance of 3D printing in biomanufacturing is the lack of diversity in "biomaterial inks". Printability of a biomaterial is determined by the printing technique. Although a wide range of biomaterial inks including polymers, ceramics, hydrogels and composites have been developed, the field is still struggling with processing of these materials into self-supporting devices with tunable mechanics, degradation, and bioactivity. This review aims to highlight the past and recent advances in biomaterial ink development and design considerations moving forward. A brief overview of 3D printing technologies focusing on ink design parameters is also included.
cw and pulsed 2.8 μm laser emission from diode-pumped Er3+:LiYF4 at room temperature (1987)

Laser emission at 2.8 μm from an Er3+:LiYF4 sample longitudinally pumped with a multiple stripe laser diode array is observed for the first time. The threshold for pulsed laser emission is 33 μJ and for cw laser emission 147 mW. cw laser action in this normally self-terminating laser transition is attributed to a cooperative up-conversion process.
Medieval iconography of watermelons in Mediterranean Europe (2013)

The oldest manuscript found that contains an accurate, informative image of watermelon is the Tractatus de herbis, British Library ms. Egerton 747, which was produced in southern Italy, around the year 1300. A dozen more original illustrations were found, most of them from Italy, produced during the ensuing two centuries that can be positively identified as watermelon. In most herbal-type manuscripts, the foliage is depicted realistically, the plants shown as having long internodes, alternate leaves with pinnatifid leaf laminae, and the fruits are small, round and striped. The manuscript that contains the most detailed and accurate image of watermelon is the Carrara Herbal, British Library ms. Egerton 2020. In the agriculture-based manuscripts, the foliage, if depicted, is not accurate, but variation in the size, shape and coloration of the fruits is evident. Both red-flesh and white-flesh watermelons are illustrated, corresponding to the typical sweet dessert watermelons so common today and the insipid citron watermelons, respectively. The variation in watermelon fruit size, shape and coloration depicted in the illustrations indicates that at least six cultivars of watermelon are represented, three of which probably had red, sweet flesh and three of which appear to have been citrons. Evidently, citron watermelons were more common in Mediterranean Europe in the past than they are today.
Mimicking natural systems: methane hydrate formation-decomposition in depleted sediments (2009)

Abstract We have initiated a systematic study of sediment–hydrate interaction under subsurface-mimic conditions to initially focus on marine hydrates. A major obstacle to studying natural hydrate systems has been the absence of a sophisticated mimic apparatus in which the hydrate formation phenomenon can be reproduced with precision. We have designed and constructed a bench-top unit, namely flexible integrated study of hydrates (FISH), for this purpose. The unit is fully instrumented to precisely record temperatures, pressures and changes in gas volume during absorption/evolution. The Labview software allows rapid and continuous data collection during the hydrate formation/dissociation cycle. In our integrated approach, several host sediments collected from Blake Ridge, a well-researched hydrate site, were characterized using the computed microtomography technique at Beamline X-26A of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The characterized depleted sediments were then used to study the hydrate formation/decomposition kinetics under various pressures in the FISH unit. We report two hydrate formation methods: one under continuous methane gas-flow conditions (dynamic mode) and the other in which hydrates are formed from the dissolved gas phase by diffusion (static mode). Also reported is a depressurization method, namely the step-down pressure method, to yield gas evolution data. Data from such runs with host sediment from the deepest site (667 metres) is presented. During hydrate formation, the data reveals a temperature signature that is consistent with an exothermic hydrate formation event. In the decomposition cycle, data at various pressures was analysed to yield curves with similar slopes, suggesting a zero-order dependence. The capabilities of the FISH unit and the implications of these runs in establishing a database of sediment–hydrate kinetics and pore saturation are discussed.
Banded Herbicide Applications and Cultivation in a Modified No-till Corn (Zea mays) System (1992)

The acceptance of no-till crop production systems has been limited due to expected problems with weed management. Field experiments were established at two locations in Ontario in 1988 and one location in 1989. Band or broadcast applications of preemergence (PRE) combinations of high or low label rates of atrazine with or without metolachlor or inter-row cultivation, were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling annual weeds in no-till corn. At each location, different herbicide and cultivation combinations were required to achieve adequate weed control. Corn grain yield was equivalent regardless of whether herbicides were applied as a band or broadcast treatment at all three sites. At two of the three sites, one cultivation combined with herbicides applied as a band was adequate to maintain weed control and corn grain yields. Selective application of herbicides in bands represented an approximate 60% reduction in total herbicide applied into the environment. The integration of a shallow post-plant inter-row cultivation combined with the soil conservation attributes of no-till, would enhance the sustainability of a modified no-till corn production system.
The lure of ice-templating: recent trends and opportunities for porous\n materials (2017)

Ice-templating is a simple materials processing and shaping route where the\ngrowth of crystals from a solvent template the porosity. Although the\nprinciples of ice-templating were established a long time ago, it has lured\nconsiderable attention over the past 5 years to become a well-established\nprocessing route for porous materials of all kinds. In this viewpoint, I\nsummarize the current status and recent trends of ice-templating studies. I\nthen review the unique assets of ice-templating and propose a roadmap of the\nmost promising or pressing questions and opportunities in this domain.\n
Risk-evaluation for aortic valve replacement in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: are these ideal patients for catheter-based aortic valve procedures? (2009)

Objectives: This study evaluates the risk of conventional aortic valve replacement in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting who might become a target patient population for catheter-based valve procedures.
Security Enhancement of Power System State Estimation With an Effective and Low-Cost Moving Target Defense (2022)

Moving target defense (MTD) is a new defensive mechanism developed in power systems to thwart false data injection attacks (FDIAs). However, since the MTD works by perturbing the branch parameters with the distributed flexible ac transmission system (D-FACTS), it might cause additional infrastructure and operation costs and affect the system dynamics. This is a complicated problem because it is closely related to which branches should be perturbed and how much they are changed. In this article, we analyze the essentials of MTD and construct an effective and low-cost MTD. To begin with, we provide a sufficient and necessary condition for MTD to protect a bus from being affected by the intended FDIA. Based on this result, we propose a new metric to quantify the protection level of MTD and an efficient algorithm to minimize the number of required D-FACTS devices for protecting a specific set of buses. To reduce the operation cost, we develop two strategies to make the increasing operation cost zero for activating the MTD. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of MTD on the system dynamics with a special emphasize on small signal stability. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to validate our findings with the test cases of power systems in MATPOWER.
[The reasons and frequency of early reocclusion origin in vessels of femoro-popliteal-tibial segment]. (2006)

Main reasons and frequency of early postoperative thrombotic complications were analyzed. The frequency of early postoperative thrombosis in vessels of femoro-popliteal-tibial segment composed 19.1%. The most frequency of early reocclusion observed after the femoro-tibial reconstructive operations (in 32.4% patients), the least--after femoro-popliteal grafting at above knee level (in 14.1%). The main reason for early reocclusion is an inadequate estimation of distal arteries damage.
Towards a mechanism for surface hydrophobization of paper (2017)

Surface hydrophobization of paper, also referred to as surface sizing, is often needed for printing and packaging purposes. Typically, hydrophobic nanoparticles in combination with starch are applied on the paper surface. In this study two types of hydrophobic nanoparticle suspensions, one cationic and one anionic, were investigated in order to gain deeper knowledge about the mechanism behind surface sizing. A study was performed where the interactions between the particles and anionic starch were investigated and this study revealed that on addition of starch the cationic particles formed aggregates while the anionic particles were unaffected. This aggregation behaviour was found to be beneficial for the surface sizing performance. The impact of salt was also investigated and it was found that by increasing the ionic strength with NaCl or with Na 2 SO 4 larger agglomerates were formed. The surface hydrophobization efficiency of such aggregates was found to be lower, however.
Processable, Regioregular, and “Click”able Monomer and Polymers Based on 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene with Tunable Solubility (2009)

“Click”able monomer and polymers based on 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, ProDOT, which can be functionalized either at the monomer stage or after the polymerization, were synthesized and characterized for the first time. The solubility of these polymers can be fine-tuned from organic to aqueous solvents by functionalization with an appropriate side chain. In fact, the “click”able functionality allows us to synthesize and chatacterize water-soluble ProDOT-based cationic polymer which were hitherto unknown. Chemical polymerization of propargyl-functionalized ProDOT (ProDOT-propargyl) resulted in an insoluble polymer which could be made water-soluble by reacting it with 1-azido-ethanoic acid sodium salt or 3-azidopropyltrimethylammonium iodide using “click” chemistry. Interestingly, the chemical copolymerization of ProDOT-propargyl with 25 mol % of dihexyl-ProDOT resulted in an organic soluble polymer which was characterized using NMR, FTIR, UV−vis spectroscopy, solution doping, and GPC. This polymer was then used successfully for “click” chemistry in solution. The “click” reaction that was performed on this polymer by using 2-azidoacetic acid sodium salt or 3-azidopropyltrimethylammonium iodide resulted in the complete reversal of solubility from organic solvent of the parent polymer to water solubility of the resulting polymers. In order to study the electrochemical properties, thin films of poly(ProDOT-propargyl) were prepared using electrochemical polymerization and were characterized by electrochemical, spectrochemical, optical switching, and in situ conductance measurements. Electropolymerization resulted in the formation of an electroactive film on the electrode surface. Spectroelectrochemical studies indicated that the polymer switched from opaque blue to a transmissive oxidized state with a contrast of 75%. In situ conductance studies showed a maximum conductance of 0.03 S.
The Relative Incidence of Fractures at the Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Fingers in Children (2008)

There is debate regarding the most common fracture type at the base of the proximal phalanx of the fingers in children prior to closure of the epiphysis. In total, 100 consecutive children presenting with 103 fractures were included in a prospective study and their X-rays were reviewed by a consultant musculoskeletal radiologist. The study included 61 boys and 39 girls with a mean age of 10 (range 4-14) years. The most common fracture observed was the juxta-epiphyseal type II fracture (53%), followed by the Salter-Harris type II fracture (26%). Other fractures observed included Salter-Harris type I (4%), Salter-Harris type IV (5%), juxta-epiphyseal type I (8%), transverse metaphyseal (2%) and oblique metaphyseal (2%).
Frequency injection attack on a random number generator (2013)

In this paper we present a frequency injection attack on a random number generator implemented in an Atmel AVR microcontroller. Two variants of the attack are attempted: an invasive attack with a direct modification of the power supply, and a non-invasive attack with no modification of the device.
Teaching first year students to communicate their reasoning (2004)

It is important for university students to be able to think critically and reason. It is equally important that they be able to express their reasoning verbally or through the written word. This is particularly difficult for many of the international students, for whom English is a second language. This paper gives an overview of methods used in an Information Systems course at ACU National, whereby these skills were taught to the students. Some of the experiences of the students are then discussed and conclusions as to the effectiveness of the methods are drawn.