gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and BCL‐2 in human solid neoplasms (1995)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) and the genes regulating this process (e.g., bcl-2), have recently become a focus of interest in the study of cancer development and progression. We adapted flow cytometric techniques for measuring apoptosis and bcl-2 protein in solid tissues and concomitantly determined both parameters in 65 malignant solid neoplasms. Four different fixation methods were evaluated for bcl-2 analysis using a lymphoma cell line possessing a t(14;18), and the Daudi cell line as positive and negative controls, respectively; optimal fixation was achieved using 70% ethanol. Apoptosis was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) end-labeling method of (Gorczyca et al.: Cancer Res 53:1945-1951, 1993). Treated (5Gy radiation, 4 h) and untreated portions of a murine cell line were used as positive and negative controls for apoptosis induction. For tumor specimens, bcl-2 positivity ranged from 0 to 89.5% (15.8 +/- 22.9), and apoptosis (TdT end-labeling) ranged from 0.4 to 84.3% (15.9 +/- 17.0). Generally, tumors with high bcl-2 expression (> or = 20.0%) showed significantly lower numbers of apoptotic cells than those with low (< 20.0%) bcl-2 (P = 0.05). A subset of tumors, however, exhibited low values for both parameters. We also observed that the proliferative fractions of tumors with high apoptosis (> or = 15.0%) were significantly different from those with low (< 15.0%) apoptosis (P = 0.005); higher proliferative rates were associated with high apoptosis. We conclude that optimal bcl-2 analysis is achieved using ethanol fixation and that flow cytometry provides a rapid and reliable technique for the measurement of these parameters. Concurrent analysis of these markers provides detailed information on the biological characteristics of tumor subpopulations and may assist in categorizing tumors for different management strategies.
Solution of Inverse Kinematics for 6R Robot Manipulators With Offset Wrist Based on Geometric Algebra (2013)

In this paper, we present an efficient method based on geometric algebra for computing the solutions to the inverse kinematics problem (IKP) of the 6R robot manipulators with offset wrist. Due to the fact that there exist some difficulties to solve the inverse kinematics problem when the kinematics equations are complex, highly nonlinear, coupled and multiple solutions in terms of these robot manipulators stated mathematically, we apply the theory of Geometric Algebra to the kinematic modeling of 6R robot manipulators simply and generate closed-form kinematics equations, reformulate the problem as a generalized eigenvalue problem with symbolic elimination technique, and then yield 16 solutions. Finally, a spray painting robot, which conforms to the type of robot manipulators, is used as an example of implementation for the effectiveness and real-time of this method. The experimental results show that this method has a large advantage over the classical methods on geometric intuition, computation and real-time, and can be directly extended to all serial robot manipulators and completely automatized, which provides a new tool on the analysis and application of general robot manipulators.
Leukemia Stem Cells in Murine MLL−AF9 AML Are Downstream Myeloid Lineage Cells That Have Acquired Stem−Like Biological and Genetic Properties. (2006)

Abstract An essential prerequisite for the development of more effective targeted therapies in AML is a characterization of the frequency and biological properties of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which sustain the disease and mediate relapse. Previous studies have shown that hematopoietic stem cells, as well as progenitors, may be targeted by MLL oncoproteins to give rise to AML, however it was unclear whether these lineage negative cells also functioned as LSCs to sustain disease. To address this issue, we have identified and characterized LSCs in a somatic, genetic mouse model of leukemia that faithfully recapitulates many of the pathologic and clinical attributes of human leukemia initiated by the MLL−AF9 oncogene. In this model, CFCs in the bone marrow and spleen of leukemic mice were demonstrated to be LSCs, based on the observation that secondary transplantation of the progeny of individually isolated AML CFCs cultured in vitro for seven days or longer invariably resulted in transfer of short latency disease. These self−renewing cells were remarkably frequent, accounting for 25–30% of myeloid lineage cells at late−stage disease. Unexpectedly, they expressed mature myeloid lineage antigens (91.3 ± 3.8% Mac1+ Gr1+ immunophenotype, versus fewer than 0.2% lineage negative), placing them downstream of the known hematopoietic progenitor compartment. Furthermore, LSCs in this model generated a phenotypic, morphologic and functional leukemia cell hierarchy loosely defined by expression of c−kit. When compared with immortalized progenitors, LSCs exhibited a markedly enhanced ability to engraft secondary recipients, which was not due to differences in bone marrow homing, which was equivalently poor in the compared populations. Rather, LSCs exhibited an acquired ability to proliferate in response to stromal cell derived cytokines, an enhanced SDF1 induced chemotaxis, and increased proliferation in contact with OP9 stromal cells demonstrating that LSCs exhibit altered microenvironmental interactions by comparison with the oncogene immortalized CFCs that initiated the disease. Thus, the LSCs responsible for sustaining, expanding and regenerating MLL−AF9 AML are downstream myeloid lineage cells, outside of the normal stem and progenitor compartment. They have acquired an aberrant Hox−associated self−renewal program as well as other biologic features of hematopoietic stem cells. Our findings support a revision of the prevailing hypothesis that AML LSCs are always rare and solely located within the most immature bone marrow progenitor compartment. Furthermore, LSCs exhibit markedly different microenvironmental interactions, by comparison with cells simply immortalized by MLL−AF9, indicating that acquisition of sensitivity to stromal derived survival and proliferative signals is a critical feature of LSCs, in addition to their extensive self−renewal capabilities.
Automated Question Answering: Review of the Main Approaches (2005)

Automated question-answering aims at delivering concise information that contains answers to user questions. This paper reviews and compares three main question-answering approaches based on natural language processing, information retrieval and question templates, eliciting their differences and the context of application that best suits each of them.
Genome Sequence of Vibrio cholerae Strain D1, Isolated from the Maumee River in Toledo, Ohio (2018)

Vibrio cholerae is a human bacterial pathogen and an inhabitant of aquatic environments. It is endemic to many regions of the world but is typically found in warm climates in saltwater. Here, we present the sequence of a V. cholerae strain isolated from a freshwater river in Ohio.
Application of CAD/CAM Prefabricated Age-Matched Templates in Cranio-Orbital Remodeling in Craniosynostosis (2011)

Infants with craniosynostosis involving the metopic and coronal sutures require cranio-orbital reshaping to correct craniofacial dysmorphologic feature and to improve facial balance. Currently, surgical techniques to create a balanced fronto-orbital region are based on the surgeon's subjective approach and artistic vision in creating a normal shape to the forehead. To date, the use of age-matched templates and computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing techniques in optimizing the outcomes of surgical intervention in this area have not been explored. The aim of this article was to describe the process of template generation and application based on age-matched controls using computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing technology and to present this application in 2 cases.
A Look at the December Issue [From the Editor] (2019)

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
Challenges in deep learning (2016)

In recent years, Deep Learning methods and architectures have reached impressive results, allowing quantum-leap improvements in performance in many difficult tasks, such as speech recognition, end-to-end machine translation, image classification/understanding, just to name a few. After a brief introduction to some of the main achievements of Deep Learning, we discuss what we think are the general challenges that should be addressed in the future. We close with a review of the contributions to the ESANN 2016 special session on Deep Learning.
A weak kharitonov theorem holds if and only if the stability region and its reciprocal are convex (1993)

Abstract We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the stability region for the validity of a weak version of Kharitonov's theorem, stating that stability of an ‘interval family’ of complex polynomials is implied by stability of the corner polynomials. Furthermore, we define a class of stability regions which do not satisfy the conditions, but for which the implication still holds in the case of real polynomials.
Gerstmann's syndrome and ideational apraxia with a right cerebral hemispheric lesion: A case report (1997)

Abstract We report an ambidextrous patient with a right parieto-occipital subcortical haemorrhage who exhibited Gerstmann's syndrome, ideational apraxia, constructional apraxia, dressing apraxia, and left hemispatial neglect. Though Gerstmann's syndrome and ideational apraxia are generally caused by a left cerebral hemispheric lesion, we thought the right cerebral hemispheric lesion to be responsible for these symptoms. The features of the case provide important information regarding the laterality and localization of Gerstmann's syndrome and ideational apraxia, especially in this ambidextrous patient.
Highly undersampled phase‐contrast flow measurements using compartment‐based k–t principal component analysis (2012)

The applicability of cine blood flow measurements in a clinical setting is often compromised by the long scan times associated with phase-contrast imaging. In this work, we propose an extension to the k-t principal component analysis method and demonstrate that by definition of spatial compartment-dependent temporal basis functions, significant improvements in reconstruction accuracy can be achieved relative to the original k-t principal component analysis and k-t SENSE formulations. Using this method, it is shown that prospective nominal undersampling of up to 16 corresponding to a net acceleration factor of 8 including training data acquisition can be realized while keeping the error in stroke volume below 5%. As a practical application, the acquisition of cine flow data in the aorta is demonstrated permitting assessment of two-dimensional velocity images and pulse wave velocities at 100 frames per second in a single breathhold per slice.
Synthèse des activités du groupe de travail sur la rhéologie des suspensions concentrées de fibres (2014)

National audience
Characterizing integrated circuit susceptibility with on-chip sensors (2012)

With the growing concerns about susceptibility of integrated circuits to electromagnetic interferences, the need for accurate prediction tools and models to reduce risks of non-compliance becomes critical for circuit designers. However, on-chip characterization of noise is still necessary for model validation. This paper presents an on-chip noise sensor dedicated to the time-domain measurement of voltage fluctuations and failures induced by electromagnetic interference coupling.
Planar crossover for beamforming networks using Sierpenski gaskets (2015)

In this paper, a planar symmetric 4 port crossover formed from a square patch antenna with two sets of orthogonal feeds is presented. The operating frequency of the crossover is decided by the square patch. Electrical length of patch antenna is varied by summing various slots with alternative designs and sizes achieving frequency shift to lower side. The slots introduced are of different geometries like square, circle and diamond which are based on the Sierpenski gasket with a 3 phase of iteration in. This results in isolation better than 21 dB, transmission ∼ 0dB for third iteration at the operating frequency. The proposed design can be used in beam forming networks and butler matrix.
Thermal Fatigue Reliability Modeling and Analysis of BGA Socket Assembly in System Board with Preloaded Use Condition (2006)

Heat sink (HS) as thermo-mechanical solution is widely used in modern electronic packaging system including mobile, desktop and server machines to improve and maintain system thermal performance by removing heat away from IC component such as flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package and BGA socket. With increased power dissipation need, heat sinks usually carry considerable amount of mass and preload over the components in order to have optimal thermal engagement during operation, which greatly impact reliability performance of BGA solder joint under various reliability tests. Thermal test data show that the most failure locations of BGA balls in BGA socket are located off the package corner that can not be predicted by using traditional strain or energy based metric. Therefore developing a predictive modeling tool with physics based metric in assessing reliability performance of preloaded BGA solder joint still remains a challenge. A nonlinear finite element model including BGA socket and preload heat sink was developed for both standard and system level boards to investigate preload effect on thermo-mechanical reliability performance. Numerical modeling results show that potential failure locations of BGA balls can be identified by maximum principal stress and be correlated well with thermal cyclic validation test. An advanced fatigue life model with mean stress effect and inelastic strain range is also proposed for calculation of initial fatigue life for BGA solder joint.
Vehicle Behavior Prediction and Generalization Using Imbalanced Learning\n Techniques (2021)

The use of learning-based methods for vehicle behavior prediction is a\npromising research topic. However, many publicly available data sets suffer\nfrom class distribution skews which limits learning performance if not\naddressed. This paper proposes an interaction-aware prediction model consisting\nof an LSTM autoencoder and SVM classifier. Additionally, an imbalanced learning\ntechnique, the multiclass balancing ensemble is proposed. Evaluations show that\nthe method enhances model performance, resulting in improved classification\naccuracy. Good generalization properties of learned models are important and\ntherefore a generalization study is done where models are evaluated on unseen\ntraffic data with dissimilar traffic behavior stemming from different road\nconfigurations. This is realized by using two distinct highway traffic\nrecordings, the publicly available NGSIM US-101 and I80 data sets. Moreover,\nmethods for encoding structural and static features into the learning process\nfor improved generalization are evaluated. The resulting methods show\nsubstantial improvements in classification as well as generalization\nperformance.\n
A Probabilistic Subspace Model for Multi-Instrument Polyphonic Transcription (2010)

In this paper we present a general probabilistic model suitable for transcribing single-channel audio recordings containing multiple polyphonic sources. Our system requires no prior knowledge of the instruments in the mixture, although it can benefit from this information if available. In contrast to many existing polyphonic transcription systems, our approach explicitly models the individual instruments and is thereby able to assign detected notes to their respective sources. We use a set of training instruments to learn a model space which is then used during transcription to constrain the properties of models fit to the target mixture. In addition, we encourage model sparsity using a simple approach related to tempering. We evaluate our method on both recorded and synthesized two-instrument mixtures, obtaining average frame-level F-measures of up to 0.60 for synthesized audio and 0.53 for recorded audio. If knowledge of the instrument types in the mixture is available, we can increase these measures to 0.68 and 0.58, respectively, by initializing the model with parameters from similar instruments.
Design of anisotropic diffusion hardware fiber phantoms (2009)

A gold standard for the validation of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in brain white matter (WM) is essential for clinical purposes but still not available. Synthetic anisotropic fiber bundles are proposed as phantoms for the validation of DW-MRI because of their well-known structure, their long preservability and the possibility to create complex geometries such as curved and fiber crossings. A crucial question is how the different material properties and size of the fiber phantoms influence the outcome of the DW-MRI experiment. Several fiber materials are compared in this study. The effect of surface relaxation and internal gradients on the SNR is evaluated. In addition, the dependency of the fiber density and fiber radius on the diffusion properties is investigated.
Nucleotide excision repair capacity is attenuated in human promyelocytic HL60 cells that overexpress BCL2. (1997)

We investigated the effect of the BCL2 overexpression on nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DNA replication in UV-irradiated HL60 cells. Forty-eight h after 10 J/m2 irradiation, only 4% of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were removed in the BCL2-overexpressing cells, in contrast to 38% removal in control cells. However, the repair of 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts was not affected by BCL2 overexpression. Eight h after irradiation, DNA replication recovered to 60% of normal in the BCL2-overexpressing cells, whereas little DNA replication recovered in control cells. The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine also attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal but did not enhance the recovery of DNA replication. Both BCL2-overexpressing and NAC-treated cells were more resistant to UV. Our data suggest that Bcl2 may promote mutagenesis and genomic instability in surviving cells.
HYBRID LOCKED PLATING OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS (2006)

Background: Locked plating techniques recently have gained popularity and offer a different biomechanical approach for fracture fixation compared with traditional compression plating. In certain clinical situations, it may be preferable to employ a “hybrid” construct, in which an unlocked screw is used to assist with reduction and locked screws are subsequently used to protect the initial reduction. In the present study, we used an unstable osteoporotic fracture model of the humerus to determine (1) whether a hybrid construct behaved more like a locked construct or a conventional unlocked construct and (2) whether there was a difference between locked and unlocked constructs. Methods: Thirty third-generation Sawbones humeri were divided into three groups of ten humeri each. A locking plate with combination holes was applied to each bone with use of either a locked construct, an unlocked construct, or a hybrid construct. To simulate purchase in osteoporotic bone, all screw-holes were drilled to 0.3 mm less than the diameter of the screw used. Each specimen was then osteotomized in the middle part of the shaft, and a 5-mm segment was removed. Oscillating cyclic torsion testing was performed to ±10 N-m for 1000 cycles, torsional stiffness was determined at periodic cyclic intervals, and the groups were compared. Results: The locked and hybrid constructs demonstrated similar behavior. The initial stiffness was similar in these two groups. At ten cycles, the locked and hybrid constructs retained 96.3% and 95.4% of their initial stiffness, respectively. During the remainder of cycling the stiffness of the locked and hybrid constructs decreased in a linear fashion (R2 = 0.89 and 0.88, respectively), and at 1000 cycles the stiffness of the locked and hybrid constructs averaged 80.0% and 79.2% of the initial values, respectively (p = 1.0). In contrast, the unlocked constructs initially were significantly less stiff than both the locked and hybrid constructs (p < 0.001). At ten cycles the unlocked constructs retained 80.4% of their initial stiffness, and at 1000 cycles they retained only 22.3% of their initial stiffness. Conclusions: Hybrid constructs are mechanically similar to locked constructs, and both are significantly more stable than unlocked constructs under torsional cyclic loading. Clinical Relevance: Combining screws in the hybrid configuration used in the present study did not compromise the mechanical performance of the construct. Hybrid constructs may decrease cost and may provide additional clinical value when treating fractures in osteoporotic bone.
[Observations on behavior, psychological study and 1-year survival in psychogeriatric patients]. (1980)

In this study with 161 elderly patients (mean age: 80 years), recently admitted to a psychogeriatric nursinghome, one-year survival was correlated with ratings derived from the Beoordelingsschaal voor Oudere Patiënten (BOP), i.e. Rating Scale for Elderly Patients. This rating scale, which has been adapted from the Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale and put into use in the Netherlands since 1971, has proven to be a reliable and valid method to study the behaviour of psychogeriatric patients. Variables associated with one-year survival (62 patients died within one year) were: helplessness, physical disability and inactivity. After partial correlation analysis controlling for the effects of sex and age, the following items showed a significant relationship to survival: eats without help, is not incontinent, does not need special support to prevent falling out of chair or bed, walks without aid, is cooperative, enters into conversation, is not incontinent and/or restless at night. In this study 78 patients could be tested by a newly devised method which consists of presenting a series of slides to assess spontaneous speech, naming, reading, comprehension, free recall, delayed recognition, visual perception and clockreading. These cognitive functions however did not show any, significant, relationship with survival, though the 25 patients dying within one year were significantly more disabled and more depressed than the 53 patients who survived more than one year. Ratings of psychomotor function thus proved to be of more prognostic value than assessments of cognitive functions.
Evaluation of an In-Situ Particle Monitoring System on an MxP Plasma Etch Tool (2000)

Etching is the process where a layer is removed from a wafer surface through openings in a photoresist pattern. To monitor this process, a surface scan was employed. An in-situ particle monitor (ISPM) was installed on a plasma etch tool. The ISPM was incorporated so engineers and technicians could gain real-time information and notification of what is happening inside this tool during processing. Since ISPMs are real-time, they can catch problems as they are occurring. The ISPM detected two major problems on the plasma etch tool within a 3-wk period. The wafer scan data were monitored during this same time frame.
X-Ray Diffraction data from Human Prothrombin, source of 4O03 structure (2015)

Crystal Structure of Human Prothrombin Deletion Mutant 146-167 (ProT?146-167) in the presence of Calcium Ions