gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Biosynthesis of Sucrose and Nucleoside Diphosphate Glucoses in Phaseolus aureus (1970)

Sucrose-phosphate synthetase is detectable only in intact chloroplast preparations of Phaseolus aureus. In contrast, sucrose synthetase and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) pyrophosphorylase activities are low in extracts of photosynthetic tissues of P. aureus but are high in extracts of nonphotosynthetic tissues. Activities for ADP-, dTDP-, CDP-, and GDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases are generally higher in extracts of photosynthetic tissues of P. aureus than in extracts of nonphotosynthetic tissues. The high levels of sucrose synthetase and of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase found in dark-grown hypocotyls begin to decline about 4 hours after exposure to light at a rate of 50% every 3 hours.The data suggest that sucrose-phosphate synthetase and sucrose phosphatase are the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of sucrose from photosynthetically fixed CO(2), and that the major function of sucrose synthetase is to catalyze the synthesis of UDP-, ADP-, dTDP-, CDP-, and GDP-glucose from translocated sucrose in nonphotosynthetic tissues; in photosynthetic tissues the pyrophosphorylases may replace sucrose synthetase in catalyzing the synthesis of these nucleoside diphosphate glucoses. We offer the suggestion that sucrose synthetase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase play a major role in the uptake and metabolism of sucrose in nonphotosynthetic tissues. Results are presented from preliminary studies on the conversion in vitro of sucrose to glucose 1-phosphate by the coupled reactions of sucrose synthetase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase with highly purified preparations of these enzymes.
Leucine rich amelogenin peptide prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice (2021)

Amelogenins, major extra cellular matrix proteins of developing tooth enamel, are predominantly expressed by ameloblasts and play significant roles in the formation of enamel. Recently, amelogenin has been detected in various epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, implicating that it might have distinct functions in various tissues. We have previously reported that leucine rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), one of the alternate splice forms of amelogenin, regulates receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in cementoblast/periodontal ligament cells, suggesting that the amelogenins, especially LRAP, might function as a signaling molecule in bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify and define LRAP functions in bone turnover. We engineered transgenic (TgLRAP) mice using a murine 2.3kb α1(I)-collagen promoter to drive expression of a transgene consisting of LRAP, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to study functions of LRAP in bone formation and resorption. Calvarial cell cultures from the TgLRAP mice showed increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased formation of mineralized nodules compared to the cells derived from wild-type (WT) mice. The TgLRAP calvarial cells also showed an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Gene expression comparison by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) in calvarial cells indicated that bone formation makers such as Runx2, Alp, and osteocalcin were increased in TgLRAP compared to the WT cells. Meanwhile, Rankl expression was decreased in the TgLRAP cells in vitro. The ovariectomized (OVX) TgLRAP mice resisted bone loss induced by ovariectomy resulting in higher bone mineral density in comparison to OVX WT mice. The quantitative analysis of calcein intakes indicated that the ovariectomy resulted in increased bone formation in both WT and TgLRAP mice; OVX TgLRAP appeared to show the most remarkably increased bone formation. The parameters for bone resorption in tissue sections showed increased number of osteoclasts in OVX WT, but not in OVX TgLRAP over that of sham operated WT or TgLRAP mice, supporting the observed bone phenotypes in OVX mice. This is the first report identifying that LRAP, one of the amelogenin splice variants, affects bone turnover in vivo.
Discovering object categories in image collections (2005)

Given a set of images containing multiple object categories, we seek to discover those categories and their image locations without supervision. We achieve this using generative models from the statistical text literature: probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA), and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). In text analysis these are used to discover topics in a corpus using the bag-of-words document representation. Here we discover topics as object categories, so that an image containing instances of several categories is modelled as a mixture of topics. The models are applied to images by using a visual analogue of a word, formed by vector quantizing SIFT like region descriptors. We investigate a set of increasingly demanding scenarios, starting with image sets containing only two object categories through to sets containing multiple categories (including airplanes, cars, faces, motorbikes, spotted cats) and background clutter. The object categories sample both intra-class and scale variation, and both the categories and their approximate spatial layout are found without supervision. We also demonstrate classification of unseen images and images containing multiple objects. Performance of the proposed unsupervised method is compared to the semi-supervised approach of [7]. 1
Socioeconomic Status and Relative Incidence of Hysterectomy and Endometrial Ablation in Young Australian Women (2019)

Decisions regarding surgery are complex and economic influences affect choices made both by patients and their doctors. There is evidence that surgeons’ decisions to offer operations are affected by financial incentives, yet we could find no studies addressing whether, once a decision to operate is made and a choice of procedures is available, operations offering greater financial reward are favoured. The choice between endometrial ablation or hysterectomy in heavy menstrual bleeding offers an opportunity to study decision-making. We obtained on all private hospital claims made in Australia for either endometrial ablation or hysterectomy for women aged 30 to 50 years for the five-year period 2012 to 2016 inclusive, according to socioeconomic status. The overall incidence rates and the ratio between hysterectomy and ablation, and the association between socio-economic factors, were examined using linear regression. We found that the surgery with the greatest economic impact on the patient (hysterectomy) was more commonly performed than ablation, yet hysterectomy became the less dominant choice with increasing socioeconomic status of women. This finding suggests that direct financial costs are a lesser consideration in choice of the procedure with patients, but that surgeons may respond to a financial incentive to perform a more expensive procedure.
Prevalence and identification of alcohol use disorders among severe mental illness inpatients in Taiwan (2009)

AUD comorbidity was common among inpatients with severe mental illness in Taiwan and was easily neglected by medical staff. It is necessary to use a validated screening questionnaire, such as AUDIT, to detect high-risk patients and then give appropriate interventions to enhance treatment outcome.
4-Hydroxythiazole inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (1991)

4-Hydroxythiazoles have been identified as potent inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase in vitro exhibiting IC50's of less than 1 microM. An investigation of structure-activity relationships showed that the most potent inhibitors of this series are the 5-phenyl derivatives. The corresponding thiazolidin-4-one analogues were found to be relatively inactive. The 4-hydroxythiazoles were active inhibitors against 5-lipoxygenase in both intact rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes and human whole blood. The compounds were also selective inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, displaying only weak activity against other related enzymes, cyclooxygenase and 12- and 15-lipoxygenase.
OOP air bag tests using the THOR-NT (2007)

An experimental study of driver side air bag loads for out-of-position (OOP) occupants at the ISO-1 (chin on bag) position was performed using the 50th percentile Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint -- New Technology (THOR-NT) dummy. The main objective was to observe the response of the dummy under exposures to various types of air bags. Dummy sensitivity to the air bags was evaluated in terms of upper neck loads and head acceleration. Five types of late-model fleet air bag modules were used in a total of ten tests (two repeat tests per air bag). Sealed tank tests were also performed to characterize the five different air bag inflators. For one bag, the THOR-NT produced very repeatable measurements. For other bag types, the THOR-NT exposed the variability of the air bags, especially in its upper neck moment measurements. The high-speed videos confirmed the inflation variability of those air bags. The THOR-NT was able to segregate the moment at the head/neck pin joint (representing human occipital condyles) from the total head/neck cross-sectional moment. The THOR-NT performed smoothly throughout the test and was generally user-friendly. A limitation is recognized that only two air bags for each model were used for repeat tests.
Effect of para-Sulfonato-Calix[n]arenes on the Solubility, Chemical Stability, and Bioavailability of a Water Insoluble Drug Nifedipine (2008)

This study reports the use of para-sulphonato calix[8]arene to produce stable complexes with improved bioavailability for nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker that is practically insoluble in water. Thermal analysis and electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy confirmed that nifedipine formed complexes with the calixarenes in a size dependent way. The most stable, soluble complexes was formed with para-sulphonato calix[8]arene. Complexation was weakest with the calix[4]arene while complexation with the calix[6]arene was intermediate. However, the calix[4 and 6]arenes changed the chemical stability of the drug in solution because significant amounts of the nitroso-pyridine derivative was produced, proposing an interaction between the nifedipine bearing a H substituent at the N-1 position and the calixarenes. This oxidative degradation of the drug was greatest when combined with the calix[6]arene. Simultaneous oral ingestion of the calix[6 or 8]arenes significantly increased the bioavailability of the drug after oral administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats while not influencing CYP3A activities in the liver. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the nifedipine: para-sulfonato calix[8]arene complexes showed it was bioequivalent to a nifedipine PEG-solution. The absolute bioavailability for both formulations was ca. 60 %.
Dose-response study of alendronate sodium for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia. (1993)

While a statistically significant dose-response relationship was not clearly evident at doses greater than 5 mg, single doses of > or = 5 mg alendronate sodium effectively lowered serum calcium concentrations and were well tolerated in the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia.
Absence of magnetically induced fractional quantization in atomic contacts (2004)

Using the mechanically controlled break junction technique at low temperatures and under cryogenic vacuum conditions we have studied atomic contacts of several magnetic (Fe, Co, and Ni) and nonmagnetic (Pt) metals, which recently were claimed to show fractional conductance quantization. In the case of pure metals we see no quantization of the conductance nor half quantization, even when high magnetic fields are applied. On the other hand, features in the conductance similar to (fractional) quantization are observed when the contact is exposed to gas molecules. Furthermore, the absence of fractional quantization when the contact is bridged by ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ indicates the current is never fully polarized for the metals studied here. Our results are in agreement with recent model calculations.
Gene therapy applications for the treatment of neuropathic pain (2007)

Neuropathic pain is notoriously difficult to treat; currently available pharmaceutical drugs result in moderate analgesia in approximately a third of patients. As our understanding of the biological processes involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuropathic pain increases, so does the development of novel treatment options. Significant advancements have been made in the past few years in gene transfer, a very powerful potential therapy that can be used to directly target affected areas of the neuraxis or body tissues involved in neuropathic pain. Candidate gene products include directly analgesic proteins as well as proteins that interfere with pain-associated biochemical changes in nerve or other tissues underlying the disease process.
Synthetic, structural, and physical studies of bis(triethylammonium) tris(catecholato)vanadate(IV), potassium bis(catecholato)oxovanadate(IV), and potassium tris(catecholato)vanadate (III) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic, structural, and physical studies of bis(triethylammonium) tris(catecholato)vanadate(IV), potassium bis(catecholato)oxovanadate(IV), and potassium tris(catecholato)vanadate (III)Stephen R. Cooper, Yun Bai Koh, and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 19, 5092–5102Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00383a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bidirectional Regulation of Protein Kinase Mζ in the Maintenance of Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression (1996)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are persistent modifications of synaptic efficacy that may contribute to information storage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Persistently enhanced phosphorylation has been implicated in the maintenance phase of LTP. This hypothesis is supported by our previous observation that protein kinase M zeta (PKM zeta), the constitutively active catalytic fragment of a single protein kinase C isoform (PKC zeta), increases in LTP maintenance. In contrast, dephosphorylation may be important in LTD maintenance, because phosphatase inhibitors reverse established LTD, in addition to blocking its induction. Because phosphorylation is determined by a balance of phosphatases and kinases, both increases in phosphatase activity and decreases in kinase activity could contribute to LTD. We now report that the reduction of protein kinase activity by H7, as well as selective inhibition of PKC by chelerythrine, mimics and occludes the maintenance phase of homosynaptic LTD in rat hippocampal slices. Conversely, saturated LTD occludes the synaptic depression caused by chelerythrine. Biochemical analysis demonstrates a decrease of PKM zeta, as well as PKCs gamma and epsilon, in LTD maintenance and a concomitant loss of constitutive PKC activity. LTD and the downregulation of PKM zeta are prevented by NMDA receptor antagonists and Ca(2+)-dependent protease inhibitors. Both LTD and the downregulation of PKM zeta are reversible by high-frequency afferent stimulation. Our findings indicate that the molecular mechanisms of LTP and LTD maintenance are inversely related through the bidirectional regulation of PKC.
Electrochemical Determination of the Thermodynamic Properties of Lithium-Antimony Alloys (2014)

The variation in the high temperature thermodynamic properties of the Li-Sb system with temperature (425–775ºC) and composition (xLi = 0.01–0.75) was determined by electromotive force (emf) measurements in a cell configured as follows: Li-Bi reference electrode (xBi = 0.35) | eutectic of LiCl-KCl or LiCl-LiF | Li-Sb alloy. On the basis of these data the Li-Sb couple was deemed attractive for storage of electrical energy in a liquid metal battery. In addition, an updated Li-Sb binary phase diagram is proposed.
Impact of Silicon Nitride Stoichiometry on the Effectiveness of AlGaN/GaN HEMT Field Plates (2017)

Field plate (FP) control of current collapse and channel electric field distribution in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors is investigated as a function of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition silicon-nitride stoichiometry. Dependence of current collapse is seen, however, this also leads to enhanced FP pinchoff voltages and higher leakage. Electric field concentration at the gate edge is indicated by measuring OFF-state Two dimensional electron gas position with a sense contact technique. A model explaining the FP threshold variation due to barrier leakage is proposed.
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cyclooxygenase-2 Genetic Variation, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer Risk (2009)

Dietary LC n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear protective for aggressive prostate cancer, and this effect is modified by the COX-2 SNP rs4648310. Our findings support the hypothesis that LC n-3 may impact prostate inflammation and carcinogenesis through the COX-2 enzymatic pathway.
Local Terrain Mapping for Obstacle Avoidance Using Monocular Vision (2011)

We present a method for navigation of a small unmanned rotorcraft through an unsurveyed environment consisting of forest and urban canyons. Optical flow measurements obtained from a vision system are fused with measurements of vehicle velocity to compute estimates of range to obstacles. These estimates are used to populate a local occupancy grid which is fixed to the vehicle. This local occupancy grid allows modeling of complex environments and is suitable for use by generic trajectory planners. Results of simulations in a two-dimensional environment using a potential field obstacle avoidance routine are presented.
Negative electron affinity gallium arsenide photocathode grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

The molecular-beam-epitaxial technique has been used to grow a high-quality GaAs negative electron affinity photocathode structure with a p-type beryllium doping concentration of 3×1019 cm−3. The reflection mode photoemission characteristics such as the white light sensitivity, the quantum efficiency, the minority carrier (electron) diffusion length, and the electron surface escape probability measured on such a cathode are described. The growth technique followed, offers a precise control over the layer thickness and doping level.
The neurobiology of drug addiction (1997)

Animals models have begun to provide insights into the neurobiological basis of reinforcement in drug addiction. The reinforcing effects of indirect sympathomimetics such as cocaine and amphetamine appear to depend on release of dopamine in the terminal fields of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The acute reinforcing effects of opiates involve not only an activation of dopamine, but also dopamine-independent elements in the terminal regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. Nicotine's reinforcing effects may involve both dopaminergic and opioid peptidergic systems. Ethanol's reinforcing effects may result from multiple neurotransmitter interactions including gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, opioid peptides, and serotonin. Subtle changes in neurochemical function and signal transduction and transcription mechanisms in sensitive neuronal elements in the extended amygdala may be mediators of chronic drug action that lead to vulnerability to relapse and may provide exciting insight into the neuroadaptations associated with drug addiction.
Wavelength-tuned phase shifting interferometry applied to the measurement of transparent plates (2000)

I propose a technique for flatness testing of transparent plates relies on wavelength- tuned interferometry and a phase shifting algorithm that filters unwanted modulations attributable to back-surface reflections. Analysis and experiment confirm a 2-nm accuracy without surface treatments.
Reducing noise through translational control in an auto-regulatory gene network (2009)

Auto-regulatory transcriptional feedback, where the protein expressed from a gene inhibits its own transcription, is known to reduce stochastic fluctuations in protein numbers. Work has demonstrated the existence of negative feedback loops not only at the transcriptional level but also at the translational level. We investigate the noise suppression abilities of feedback loops at the translational level and compare them with transcriptional feedback. In particular, we consider two feedbacks at the translational level: translation blocking feedback, where the protein inhibits the translation of its mRNA, and degradation enhancing feedback, where the protein increases the degradation rate of its mRNA. We derive analytical formulas for the protein noise level corresponding to different feedback mechanisms. These noise levels are then compared with each other for fixed steady- state average number of protein and mRNA molecules. We show that translation blocking feedback always yields smaller levels of protein noise than transcriptional feedback. We further show that the difference between the protein noise levels with translation blocking and transcriptional feedback critically depends on how fast the protein dynamics is compared to the mRNA dynamics. In particular, this difference increases as we make the protein dynamics faster than the mRNA dynamics, while making it slower has an opposite effect. Finally, we show that degradation enhancing feedback provides the same noise level as transcriptional feedback. This result shows that regulation at the translational level may not always be better than regulation at the transcriptional level in terms of reducing noise in the protein population.
Catching up on clinical skills could soon mean logging on to the internet or watching TV (2000)

NURSES WHO want to brush up on their clinical skills, and students who need to learn them for the first time, could soon be able to watch demonstrations of best practice on the internet.