gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware precoding demonstration in multibeam UHTS communications under realistic payload characteristics (2021)

In this chapter, we present a new hardware test-bed to demonstrate closed-loop precoded communications for interference mitigation in multibeam ultrahigh throughput satellite systems under realistic payload and channel impairments. We build the test-bed to demonstrate a real-time channel aided precoded transmission under realistic conditions such as the power constraints and satellite-payload nonlinearities. We develop a scalable architecture of an SDR platform with the DVB-S2X piloting. The SDR platform consists of two parts: analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) converters preceded by radio frequency (RF) front end and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) backend. The former introduces realistic impairments in the transmission chain such as carrier frequency and phase misalignments, quantization noise of multichannel ADC and DAC, and nonlinearities of RF components. It allows evaluating the performance of the precoded transmission in a more realistic environment rather than using only numerical simulations. We benchmark the performance of the communication standard in realistic channel scenarios, evaluate received signal SNR, and measure the actual channel throughput using LDPC codes.
Evaluations of surgery resident performance correlate with success in board examinations. (1993)

This study shows that faculty's subjective evaluations predicted resident success on the ABS certifying examination and also endorses the ABS oral examination as an effective measure of the candidate's ability to communicate surgical knowledge.
Multifilamentary coated conductors for ultra-high magnetic field applications (2021)

Abstract High-temperature superconducting coated conductors (CCs) are considered an enabling ultra-high field (UHF) tape-conductor technology due to their extremely high engineering current densities at very high magnetic fields and low temperatures, and high mechanical strength. A major challenge is however related to induction of problematically large superconducting screening currents (as an effect of the large width-to-thickness ratio) when the wide tape conductors are exposed to strong transverse magnetic fields above 20 T, which is the case in many UHF magnet systems. Subdividing the superconducting layer into narrow parallel decoupled filaments has been shown to effectively reduce superconducting screening currents by a factor comparable to the number of filaments. The filamentization is however not effective until the induced coupling currents flowing across the filaments have decayed. The effectiveness of the multifilamentary structure in suppressing coupling currents and reducing the decay time constants is directly linked to potential current paths between filaments. Very recent experimental and numerical studies have examined both the challenge of magnet precision, caused by screening-current-induced fields, and the fatal consequences of local uneven tape stresses exceeding the irreversible limits for commercial CCs. These studies have conclusively revealed that screening currents must not be ignored in the mechanical design and other studies have introduced multifilamentary CCs as a viable solution. This paper aims to review the efforts made in developing and investigating multifilamentary CCs for ultra-high field applications focusing on the screening-current-related mechanisms, critical system-level effects, effectiveness of filamentization in UHFs, fabrication and large-scale analysis of multifilamentary CCs, in addition to providing cost estimates of previously studied filamentized CC fabrication techniques.
Polysplenia syndrome with hepatic artery of superior mesenteric artery origin and a circumaortic renal vein. (2001)

An 8 1/2-month-old girl with biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome having multiple vascular anomalies without cardiac anomalies is reported. Interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygous continuation, which is a common anomaly, was seen in conjunction with origin of the common hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery and with a circumaortic renal vein. The case has particular importance in that no hepatic artery or renal vein variations have been described with biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome in the literature thus far to our knowledge. The anomalies were shown using different radiological examinations including computed tomography, echocardiography, angiography, venography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Automated program repair with canonical constraints (2018)

Automated program repair (APR) seeks to improve the speed and decrease the cost of repairing software bugs. Existing APR approaches use unit tests or constraint solving to find and validate program patches. We propose Canonical Search And Repair (CSAR), a program repair technique based on semantic search which uses a canonical form of the path conditions to characterize buggy and patch code and allows for easy storage and retrieval of software patches, without the need for expensive constraint solving. CSAR uses string metrics over the canonical forms to cheaply measure semantic distance between patches and buggy code and uses a classifier to identify situations in which test suite executions are unnecessary-and to provide a finer-grained means of differentiating between potential patches.
Haemodialysis (2015)

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is common clinical condition for which life-sustaining therapies fortunately exist. On a global basis, more than 2 million patients now receive chronic haemodialysis (HD) for treatment of ESRD. For the vast majority of these patients, treatment is provided in a dialysis unit on a thrice-weekly basis, although there is growing interest in alternative therapies which vary with respect to location or frequency. Based on the number of patients requiring chronic HD now and in the foreseeable future, it is imperative that nephrologists understand the basic principles underlying this treatment. The factors affecting the delivery of therapy in HD can substantially be divided into two groups: (a) factors affecting the performance of the dialytic technique, which are primarily related to the characteristics of the parameters involved in the dialytic technique; and (b) factors affecting the clinical results of a given technique, which are primarily related to the interaction between the water and solute removal capacity of the technique and the kinetics of water and solutes within the human body. In this group, factors including staff compliance with the orders, patient compliance with prescribed time, and the patient’s physical condition are also important. The focus of this chapter is the technical aspects of chronic HD prescription and delivery. After a brief review of the major components of the HD system (machine and extracorporeal circuit), the principles underlying solute and water removal are reviewed. The concept of clearance is then assessed, with particular emphasis on the determinants of small solute clearance with respect both to the dialyser and the patient.
A Dynamic Hybrid Projection Approach for Improved Wi-Fi Location Fingerprinting (2011)

Projection techniques have been used in Wi-Fi location fingerprinting systems to improve positioning accuracy. However, environmental dynamics present challenges to projection design. Furthermore, current projection-optimization techniques used in positioning, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), have both advantages and limitations. This paper proposes a dynamic hybrid projection (DHP) technique for improved Wi-Fi localization, in which the projection is dynamically determined by simultaneously exploiting the complementary advantages of PCA and MDA while avoiding their unfavorable properties. The main contribution of this work is twofold: First, this study provides a novel formulation of a hybrid projection, which embeds the discriminative power into PCA and compensates for the two numerical problems of MDA in a unified framework. Second, DHP dynamically adjusts the hybrid mechanism with additional information, regarding the online-input region. That is, the proposed projection is input dependent, whereas traditional projections are fixed after training. This study applies the proposed algorithm to location fingerprinting in a realistic indoor Wi-Fi environment. On-site experimental results demonstrate that DHP outperforms static projection schemes, reducing the 50th and 67th percentile localization errors by 24.73%-30% and 18.18%-19.51%, respectively, compared with PCA and MDA.
Fluorinated Zinc Phthalocyanine as Donor for Efficient Vacuum‐Deposited Organic Solar Cells (2011)

Abstract Efficient single bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on blends of a fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine as electron donor and fullerene C 60 as electron acceptor are reported. In comparison to the commonly used absorber zinc phthalocyanine, the fluorination of the molecule to F 4 ZnPc leads to an increase in ionisation potential and subsequently to an improvement of about 170 mV in the open circuit voltage of organic solar cells, while the short circuit current density and fill factor remain nearly unchanged. Similar to ZnPc:C 60 ‐based devices, the device characteristics of F 4 ZnPc:C 60 solar cells can be further enhanced by improving the blend layer morphology by substrate heating during deposition. F 4 ZnPc is an efficient donor material that can achieve a 4.6% power conversion efficiency in single heterojunction organic solar cells.
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS: FROM PRESSURIZED CELL TESTS TO SYSTEM DYNAMICS ASSESSMENT (2011)

In this publication we focus on the three main aspects of our research. On the experimental side results from the pressurized cell tests are presented. These results show the benefits of pressurized operation of commercial anode supported cells. In addition to that it is shown how operational parameters like temperature variation interact with rising pressure on the gain in power density. Cell level modeling is utilized in understanding the interdependencies of different influences at pressurized operation. The results discussed focus on the theoretical influence of pressurized operation of solid oxide fuel cells. With regard to the system focus of our project system modeling results are presented, covering two aspects. Firstly the ability of diurnal load variations are presented and secondly a temperature control is developed enabling the system to keep turbine inlet temperature and fuel cell operation temperature within operational limits.
Biomass adaptation to complex substrate degradation in membrane bioreactors: appropriated operating conditions (2008)

The aim of this work is to analyse the biological performances of two immersed membranes bioreactors focusing on the biomass adaptation to complex substrate degradation and the performance in term of permeate quality. Two influents were selected: a synthetic complex influent (acetate/Viandox, MBR1) and a real seafood processing wastewater (surimi product, MBR2). The MBR systems were operated for long periods without any sludge extraction except for sampling. Organic matter removal, sludge production and quality of the treated wastewater were analysed and studied. COD removal efficiencies after a period of biomass adaptation were higher than 97% and 95% for the synthetic and real wastewater respectively. In both cases, the COD of the treated wastewater was lower than 50 mg.L(-1). In spite of salt concentration in the real wastewater a biomass adaptation process occurs. In the overall operational period, a 0.058 gCOD P.gCOD T(-1) and a 0.12 gCOD P.gCOD T(-1) observed sludge yields were obtained for the MBR1 and MBR2 respectively. These values are approximately 5 to 10 times lower than those measured in conventional activated sludge process. These results showed that the presence of particular and some of non-easily degradable compounds in the influent of MBR2 didn't limit the performance of MBR in term of COD removal achieved. The results have also confirmed the excellent permeate quality for water reuse from MBRs systems.
Aberdeen Colles’ fracture brace as a treatment for Colles’ fracture (2003)

We carried out a randomised, prospective, multicentre clinical trial of the treatment of Colles' fractures. A total of 339 patients was placed into two groups, those with minimally displaced fractures not requiring manipulation (151 patients) and those with displaced fractures which needed manipulation (188 patients). Treatment was by either a conventional Colles' plaster cast (a control group) or with a prefabricated functional brace (the Aberdeen Colles' fracture brace). Similar results were obtained in both groups with regard to the reduction and to pain scores but the brace provided better grip strength in the early stages of treatment. This was statistically significant after five weeks for both manipulated and non-manipulated fractures. At the tenth day the results were statistically significant only in manipulated fractures. There was no significant difference in the functional outcome between the two treatment groups. However, younger patients and those with less initial displacement had better functional results.
Silencing of the Fibroblast growth factor 21 gene is an underlying cause of acinar cell injury in mice lacking MIST1 (2014)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of metabolism under conditions of stress such as starvation, obesity, and hypothermia. Rapid induction of FGF21 is also observed in experimental models of pancreatitis, and FGF21 reduces tissue damage observed in these models, suggesting a nonmetabolic function. Pancreatitis is a debilitating disease with significant morbidity that greatly increases the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The goals of this study were to examine the regulation and function of FGF21 in acinar cell injury, specifically in a mouse model of pancreatic injury (Mist1(-/-)). Mist1(-/-) mice exhibit acinar cell disorganization, decreased acinar cell communication and exocytosis, and increased sensitivity to cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP). Examination of Fgf21 expression in Mist1(-/-) mice by qRT-PCR, Northern blot, and Western blot analyses showed a marked decrease in pancreatic Fgf21 expression before and after induction of CIP compared with C57Bl/6 mice. To determine whether the loss of FGF21 accounted for the Mist1(-/-) phenotypes, we generated Mist1(-/-) mice overexpressing human FGF21 from the ApoE promoter (Mist1(-/-)ApoE-FGF21). Reexpression of FGF21 partially mitigated pancreatic damage in Mist1(-/-) tissue based on reduced intrapancreatic enzyme activation, reduced expression of genes involved in fibrosis, and restored cell-cell junctions. Interestingly, alteration of Fgf21 expression in Mist1(-/-) tissue was not simply due to a loss of direct transcriptional regulation by MIST1. Chromatin immunopreciptation indicated that the loss of Fgf21 in the Mist1(-/-) pancreas is due, in part, to epigenetic silencing. Thus, our studies identify a new role for FGF21 in reducing acinar cell injury and uncover a novel mechanism for regulating Fgf21 gene expression.
Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal (2013)

In this paper we present the theoretical investigation of the phase birefringence in multi-component glasses photonic crystal fiber PCF14(6), selectively infiltrated with 5CB nematic liquid crystal (LC). The PCF14(6) used as a host in our numerical model is made of the PBG08 high-refractive index glass (~1.95). Refractive index of the fiber is much higher than then both ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of the LC and as a result low-loss and index-guiding propagation is possible. In our calculations we assume that the host PCF is infiltrated with LC only in the center row of the air channels. Such selective infiltration induces initial phase birefringence in the fiber equal to 1.8 <sup>.</sup>10<sup>-5</sup> when molecules are parallel to the fiber axis. The influence of the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules alignment on the PLCF birefringence is presented. We show possibility to tune the phase birefringence up to 6.2 <sup>.</sup>10<sup>-5</sup> or down to &minus;2.4 <sup>.</sup>10<sup>-5</sup> depending on the direction of electric field.
An on-chip 250 mA 40 nm CMOS digital LDO using dynamic sampling clock frequency scaling with offset-free TDC-based voltage sensor (2012)

We have developed a fully logic-MOS-transistor designed on-chip digitally controlled LDO in 40 nm CMOS. The proposed TDC-based voltage sensor used as an ADC can reduce the offset error almost to zero. The area of this LDO with no analog circuits is only 0.057 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . To suppress the AC voltage drop due to large load transient (LLT), we developed a LLT control method using dynamic sampling clock frequency scaling scheme. The measurement results show that the AC voltage drop can be suppressed to 50%. The peak efficiency is 99% at 250 mA.
The Trinity Graph Engine (2012)

Computations performed by graph algorithms are data driven, and require a high degree of random data access. Despite the great progresses made in disk technology, it still cannot provide the level of efficient random access required by graph computation. On the other hand, memory-based approaches usually do not scale due to the capacity limit of single machines. In this paper, we introduce Trinity, a general purpose graph engine over a distributed memory cloud. Through optimized memory management and network communication, Trinity supports fast graph exploration as well as efficient parallel computing. In particular, Trinity leverages graph access patterns in both online and offline computation to optimize memory and communication for best performance. These enable Trinity to support efficient online query processing and offline analytics on large graphs with just a few commodity machines. Furthermore, Trinity provides a high level specification language called TSL for users to declare data schema and communication protocols, which brings great ease-of-use for general purpose graph management and computing. Our experiments show Trinity’s performance in both low latency graph queries as well as high throughput graph analytics on web-scale, billion-node graphs.
The CMS binary chip for microstrip tracker readout at the SLHC (2012)

A 130 nm CMOS chip has been designed for silicon microstrip readout at the SLHC. The CBC has 128 channels, and utilises a binary un-sparsified architecture for chip and system simplicity. It is designed to read out signals of either polarity from short strips (capacitances up to ~ 10 pF) and can sink or source sensor leakage currents up to 1 μA. Details of the design and measured performance are presented.
University of Strathclyde at TREC HARD (2005)

The motivation behind the University of Strathclyde's approach to this years HARD track was inspired from previous experiences by other participants, in particular research by [1], [3] and [4]. A running theme throughout these papers was the underlying hypothesis that a user's familiarity in a topic (i.e. their previous experience searching a subject), will form the basis for what type or style of document they will perceive as relevant. In other words, the user's context with regards to their previous search experience will determine what type of document(s) they wish to retrieve.
UCHL‐1 gene in multiple system atrophy: A haplotype tagging approach (2005)

To date, the etiology of multiple system atrophy (MSA) has proved impenetrable. We investigated the role of genetic variation in the UCHL-1 gene in MSA and looked for the presence of disease susceptibility alleles. We determined the linkage disequilibrium structure of the gene and employed a haplotype tagging strategy with power to represent 95% of the haplotype diversity. This approach was performed using a set of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can infer the allelic state of all the common SNPs in UCHL-1 with a high coefficient of determination. This strategy enabled us to scan across the gene and maintain the power to detect signal(s) from any potential functional variant(s). In 257 Gilman-probable or -definite MSA subjects and 1,536 controls, we did not detect a case-control frequency difference for either the tagged haplotypes or for individual tagging SNPs. This search included the S18Y variant of UCHL-1, which has been reported to be protective in Parkinson's disease.
The principle of the potentiometer and its applications in the vehicle steering (2006)

In order to speed up the intelligence and automation of the steering system, the principle of the potentiometer are deeply analyzed in the paper, and then its two application approaches are also discussed in detail for the steering system of vehicle. The first approach is for the potentiometer to apply in the traditional steering system, in which there is not controller based on a micro-processor, and the system performs its steering tasks only by the differential output of the double potentiometers. The second approach called as steer-by-wire is finally presented, in which one potentiometer is used for collecting the steering signal from the driver, the other one used for collecting the pinion angle signal of the steering gear, and these signals are all input into a controller for a precise and safe steering. The final investigation result shows the potentiometer will do more important role in the future steering system, and its successful application can excite the more fast innovation of the steering system.
Vers une meilleure compréhension des douleurs oculaires chroniques (2018)

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic condition with multifactorial etiologies that is increasing in prevalence worldwide, up to 20% in the elderly. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable. Chronic ocular pain is the most common symptom of DED and there is currently no topical ocular analgesic therapy available to treat this debilitating disease. Eye pain can be perceived as itch, irritation, dryness, grittiness, burning, aching, and light sensitivity. Ocular pain is triggered by corneal nociceptors (cornea being the most sensory innervated tissue of the body). It was clearly established that repeated direct damage to ocular surface and per se corneal nerves can cause peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms explaining the ocular pain in some patients with DED. However, the brain regions and the neuronal pathways associated with ocular pain are still unclear. Thus, a better characterization of chronic ocular pain and an understanding of the peripheral and central molecular and cellular mechanisms involved are crucial issues for developing effective management and therapeutic strategy to alleviate ocular pain. In this review, we first describe the nociceptive corneal nerve pathways and the classification and the neurochemistry of primary afferents innervating the cornea. Then, an update of the fundamental and clinical studies related to the inflammatory processes linked to ocular pain is detailed. The last part of the review presents the diagnostic tools used in clinic for evaluating corneal sensitivity and corneal inflammation.