gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of K-ras mutations in mucinous pancreatic duct hyperplasia from a patient with a family history of pancreatic carcinoma. (1994)

Mutations in the K-ras oncogene and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are commonly identified in sporadic cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Although these genes might serve as useful markers for early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma in patients at risk for the development of this disease, familial pancreatic carcinomas have not been studied for these mutations. We recently had the opportunity to examine a pancreas prophylactically removed from a patient with a strong family history of pancreatic carcinoma. This gave us the unique opportunity to study the early events in the development of familial adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Histopathological examination of the pancreas revealed multifocal papillary and nonpapillary mucinous duct hyperplasia. Seven of these foci were microdissected and analyzed for K-ras and p53 mutations. The K-ras mutations were detected by combined mutant-enriched polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and characterized further by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Five of the seven duct lesions harbored activating point mutations in codon 12 of K-ras; a G to A transition was found in four and a G to C transversion in one. In contrast, these lesions did not harbor detectable p53 mutations as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of exons 5 to 8, nor was there overexpression of the p53 protein as determined by immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that mutations in K-ras represent an early event in the pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma. In addition, monitoring of patients with a strong family history of pancreatic carcinoma for K-ras mutations may identify patients at risk for the development of invasive carcinoma.
Roughness of Excimer Laser Ablated Corneas With and Without Smoothing Measured With Atomic Force Microscopy (2005)

Atomic force microscopy analysis requires a simpler preparation of the specimens with respect to that necessary for scanning electron microscopy; for this reason, atomic force microscopy techniques are more reliable for the study of biological surfaces and prove to be a feasible method to establish the differences when comparing different laser techniques. Our investigations highlight that although the laser cut of scanning-spot excimer laser systems is precise in removing even the smallest amounts of tissue, the smoothing technique may still be useful to reduce post-ablation roughness.
Phthalocyanines on mineral carriers, 4. Low‐molecular‐weight and polymeric phthalocyanines on SiO2, γ‐Al2O3 and active charcoal as catalysts for the oxidation of 2‐mercaptoethanol (1989)

Abstract Low‐molecular‐weight phthalocyaninatocobalt compounds 2a – d and polymeric phthalocyaninatocobalt derivatives 4 , 6a , b were prepared on the surface of the inorganic carriers SiO 2 or γ‐Al 2 O 3 and of active charcoal, the range of loading being 11,9 – 0,2 wt.‐%. The oxidation of 2‐mercaptoethanol in an aqueous solution at pH 9 was used as a model reaction for demercaptizations of petroleum fractions with phthalocyanines on carriers as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic activity, related to the phthalocyanine content, was found to increase with increasing dispersion of the complex on the carrier. The influence of the type of support on the activity is given by the following order: SiO 2 &lt; γ‐Al 2 O 3 &lt; Norit charcoal. Polymeric phthalocyanines exhibit a higher catalytic activity as compared with low‐molecular‐weight phthalocyanines. The mechanism of the oxidation of the thiol is discussed.
Role of Bmi1 in H2A Ubiquitylation and Hox Gene Silencing (2006)

Posttranslational histone modifications play a crucial role in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene activity. In previous studies, we identified the histone H2A ubiquitin ligase as Ring2, together in a complex with Ring1, Bmi1, and HPH2 (human polyhomeotic 2). We report here that the oncogene Bmi1 stimulates H2A ubiquitylation both in vitro and in vivo and that Bmi1-regulated H2A ubiquitylation is required for Hox gene silencing and normal cell growth. Our studies indicate that Bmi1 maintains the integrity of the complex through simultaneous interactions with the other subunits. We reconstituted the functional human H2A ubiquitin ligase complex and a panel of subcomplexes of different subunits. Comparisons of the H2A ubiquitin ligase activities of these different complexes revealed that Bmi1 stimulates the H2A ubiquitin ligase activity of Ring2 (and Ring1). Additionally, we demonstrated that the HoxC5 gene is regulated by ubiquitylated H2A in HeLa cells and that ubiquitylated H2A is localized on 5' regulatory regions of the HoxC5 gene. The role of Bmi1 in H2A ubiquitylation and HoxC5 gene expression in vivo was analyzed by RNA interference experiments. Knockdown of Bmi1 causes a global and loci-specific loss of H2A ubiquitylation, up-regulation of the HoxC5 gene, and slower cell growth. Intriguingly, Ring2 binds to its target regions in Bmi1 knockdown cells. Therefore, our studies reveal that Bmi1 is required for H2A ubiquitylation and suggest that H2A ubiquitylation regulates Bmi1-mediated gene expression.
<title>Optimization of solid-phase syntheses via online spectroscopic monitoring</title> (1999)

Conventional solution-phase chemical synthesis involves a number of discrete synthetic steps from which intermediates and products are isolated for characterization at the completion of each step. In solid-phase synthesis, intermediates are linked to a solid support and are not removed until the product is isolated at synthesis completion. This approach facilitates the removal of unwanted by-products and maximizes yield. Solid-phase synthetic procedures typically suffer form a number of drawbacks including the use of large excesses of reagents to drive reactions to completion, long reaction times, and large volumes of solvent washes required to remove unreacted reagents between steps. This work describes the use of spectroscopic techniques to optimize solid phase synthesis by making measurements in both the solid and liquid phases. These measurements can lead to faster processing times, reduced chemical waste, and a reduction in the amount of reagents used. 4
Manipulating Mn–Mgk cation complexes to control the charge- and spin-state of Mn in GaN (2012)

Owing to the variety of possible charge and spin states and to the different ways of coupling to the environment, paramagnetic centres in wide band-gap semiconductors and insulators exhibit a strikingly rich spectrum of properties and functionalities, exploited in commercial light emitters and proposed for applications in quantum information. Here we demonstrate, by combining synchrotron techniques with magnetic, optical and ab initio studies, that the codoping of GaN:Mn with Mg allows to control the Mn(n+) charge and spin state in the range 3≤n≤5 and 2≥S≥1. According to our results, this outstanding degree of tunability arises from the formation of hitherto concealed cation complexes Mn-Mg(k), where the number of ligands k is pre-defined by fabrication conditions. The properties of these complexes allow to extend towards the infrared the already remarkable optical capabilities of nitrides, open to solotronics functionalities, and generally represent a fresh perspective for magnetic semiconductors.
Cell-cell junctions (2010)

Cell-cell junctions are multi-molecular complexes that link neighboring cells. They help maintain tissue integrity, act as barriers to permeability, and allow intercellular transport. They also reinforce cell polarity by separating the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Written and edited by experts in the field, this volume includes contributions covering each of the main junction types tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes as well as the more specialized junctions of neuronal and immune cells. The contributors examine the assembly and structure of different cell junctions, their roles in cellular signal transduction, and their importance during development and normal tissue homeostasis. Including discussion of the roles of junctions in various diseases, the volume is a vital reference for cell and developmental biologists wishing to know how cells interact in multicellular organisms.
A pilot study of tumor necrosis factor inhibition in erosive/inflammatory osteoarthritis of the hands. (2007)

This small open-label study of patients with EOA demonstrated that adalimumab was well tolerated. Treatment with adalimumab for 3 months did not significantly improve the signs and symptoms of EOA and most patients did not achieve an ACR20. Trends suggested improvement and individual patients had some benefit. Factors limiting interpretation of this study include the lack of a control group, outcomes chosen, number of patients treated, and the duration of treatment.
Fast and Green Method to Synthesis of Quinolone Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Using Giant-Ball Nanoporous Isopolyoxomolybdate as Highly Efficient Recyclable Catalyst in Refluxing Water (2017)

Various potentials antibacterial fluoroquinolone compounds were prepared by the direct amination of 7-halo-6- fluoroquinolone-3-carboxylic acids with variety of piperazine derivatives and (4aR,7aR)-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b] pyridine using (NH4)42 [MoVI72MoV60O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72], a Keplerate-type giant-ball nanoporous isopolyoxomolybdate, as a catalyst in refluxing water. The results showed that this catalyst acts as effective catalyst and the reaction proceeded more easily and gave the highest yields of the products in short reaction time under refluxing water. Short reaction times, simple isolation of the products, and usage of eco-friendly catalysts are some features of this procedure. In addition, the catalysts was easily recovered and used in multiple catalytic cycles. This material was prepared according to a previously published literature procedure using inexpensive and readily available starting materials.
Intravenous Contrast Agent For Ultrasound Doppler: In Vivo Measurement Of Small Tumor Vessel Dose-response (2005)

A new contrast agent capable of traversing pulmonary and cardiac circulations was used to create echo enhancement from arterial blood following peripheral-venous injection. In vivo dose-response measurements for this agent were made by analysis of Doppler signals acquired directly from systemic vessels and tumor tissue. Ten woodchucks with naturally occurring hepatomas were studied using duplex scanning and lOMHz pulsed Doppler transducers positioned surgically on the tumor, portal and celiac vessels. 0.05lmVkg injections of 3.5~ air-filled albumin microspheres (AlbnnexTM) were made into a peripheral vein. Signal enhancement was computed using digital frequency domain methods. Angiographic correlation was obtained in three animals. A 7dB enhancement of systemic arterial signals was measured at the lowest dose of 0.05mVkg. Signal enhancement rose monotonically but non-linearly to 20dB at ImVkg. No effect was detected from saline control injections or from cumulation of consecutive injections. A maximum 13dB was measured in the tumor signals. No enhancement was detected from portal venous blood. It is concluded that the intravenous use of an ultrasound contrast agent is capabl e of lowering the threshold of detectability of tumor and tissue vascularization using conventional Doppler instruments. Enhancement originates from hepatic arterial supply. Intravenous ultrasound contrast agents therefore hold promise for radiologic diagnosis.
Optimal multi-user space time scheduling for wireless communications (2003)

The multi-user MIMO space time scheduling problem is the prime focus of the paper. Optimizing the link level performance of the MIMO system does not always imply achieving scheduling level optimization. Therefore,design optimization across the link layer and the scheduling layer is very important to exploit fully the temporal and spatial dimensions of the communication channel. We address the design of the optimal space time scheduler for a multi-user MIMO system based on an information theoretical approach. We assume a partial feedback channel, namely a scaler rate-feedback channel, is available to the transmitter, but the full channel matrix is unknown to the transmitter. With the partial feedback, we find that the optimal resource allocation strategy is water-filling in both the temporal domain and spatial domain. The optimal scheduler should allocate all the power to at most n/sub R/ users at any particular instant. The optimal scheduler performance depends on the total number of users (K), the number of receive antennas at the base station (n/sub R/), and the number of transmit antennas at the mobile (n/sub T/). The scheduling gain increases with n/sub R/ due to the distributed MIMO configuration formed between mobile users and base station. With a single power feedback channel, the scheduling gain reduces as n/sub T/ increases, illustrating that transmit diversity hurts the scheduling performance in the case of scalar feedback. Finally, scheduling performance improves as K increases due to the multi-user selection diversity.
HBM failure diagnosis on a high-frequency analog design with full-chip dynamic ESD simulation (2014)

High-frequency analog designs need to make trade-off between performance and sufficient ESD protection due to unwanted parasitics which slow down the circuit. An HBM failure diagnosis on a chip without complete ESD protection achieves silicon correlation with a full-chip dynamic ESD simulation. An innovative critical path tracing technique for diagnosis assistance is also described.
Catalysis of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Reactions by 4-Substituted Proline Derivatives (2019)

The identification and understanding of structure–activity relationships is vital for rational catalyst design. A kinetic study of the hydrogen–deuterium exchange reaction of cyclohexanone in aqueous solution, as catalyzed by proline derivatives, has revealed valuable structure–activity relationships. In phosphate-buffered solution, cis-4-fluoroproline is more active than the trans isomer, a distinction that appears to originate from a destabilizing interaction between the fluorine atom and phosphate anion during general acid-catalyzed dehydration of the carbinolamine intermediate. trans-4-Ammoniumprolines are exceptionally active catalysts owing to favorable Coulombic interactions involving the ammonium group and the alkoxide moiety formed upon 1,2-addition of the proline derivative to the ketone. These results could be used for the optimization of proline catalysts, especially in transformations where the formation of the putative iminium ion is rate-limiting.
RhoA and ROCK Promote Migration by Limiting Membrane Protrusions (2003)

Previously, we and others have shown that RhoA and ROCK signaling are required for negatively regulating integrin-mediated adhesion and for tail retraction of migrating leukocytes. This study continues our investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying RhoA/ROCK-regulated integrin adhesion. We show that inhibition of ROCK up-regulates integrin-mediated adhesion, which is accompanied by both increased phosphotyrosine signaling through Pyk-2 and paxillin and inappropriate membrane protrusions. We provide evidence that inhibition of ROCK induces integrin adhesion by promoting remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we find that ROCK regulates membrane activity through a pathway involving cofilin. Inhibition of RhoA signaling allows the formation of multiple competing lamellipodia that disrupt productive migration of monocytes. Together, our results show that RhoA/ROCK signaling promotes migration by restricting integrin activity and membrane protrusions to the leading edge.
Detecting Fault-Related Hydrocarbon Migration Pathways in Seismic Data: Implications for Fault-Seal, Pressure, and Charge Prediction (2008)

A method is demonstrated to highlight hydrocarbon migration related to faulting in seismic data. The method uses multiple seismic attributes and neural networks to highlight the vertically aligned low-energy chaotic seismic data described as gas chimneys, gas clouds, or seepage pipes. The result is a gas chimney probability volume. Methods are also described for highlighting faults in seismic data using directional attributes. When the gas chimney probability data are overlain on the fault data, obvious vertical gas chimneys can be distinguished. However subtler fault-related hydrocarbon migration can also be seen. This hydrocarbon migration is often associated with fault intersections or splinter faults related to shear along the fault. Overlaying the chimney information on fault planes can often indicate which parts of the fault have been migration pathways and which parts of the fault have not. More than 125 chimney analyses have been performed on drilled structural closures with effective reservoir. Approximately one quarter of the wells are dry holes. Thus, the dry holes failed because of either ineffective charge or seal. These structures were classified, based on the character of the chimneys below and above the reservoir, into eight classes. We will demonstrate how this information can be used to risk vertical seal and charge prior to drilling. Gas chimneys are a means by which deep pressures can be transmitted into the shallow subsurface. This partly explains why producing reservoirs are often near the top of abnormal pressure. We will demonstrate the correlation of rock property data (fracture pressure and pore pressure), gas chimneys, and hydrocarbon column height. Case studies are shown from the Gulf of Mexico onshore, shelf, and slope.
Artificial Microsystems for Sensing Airflow, Temperature, and Humidity by Combining MEMS and CMOS Technologies (2017)

This chapter introduces a method to fabricate three-dimensional cantilevers using both microfabrication techniques and mechanical stress in multilayered thin films. It presents the cointegration of a mechanical sensing component and the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuit on the silicon chip. Microcantilevers are widely used in atomic force microscopy, mass sensing, contact sensing, and force measurements. Building a totally embedded smart sensing system incurs the challenge of selecting materials and methods that are fully compliant for their direct cointegration. Combining several sensors with their associated CMOS electronics, such a hybrid circuit platform will act as a mechanical transducer for airflow and temperature sensing and as a chemical transducer for water concentration sensing. Condensation due to humidity can be viewed as an added layer with a very high conductivity and permittivity. High-speed responses are mainly limited by humidity diffusion into the sensing area and evaporation.
HY5 is a point of convergence between cryptochrome and cytokinin signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana (2007)

Blue-light-dependent photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis is regulated principally by the cryptochrome flavin-type photoreceptors, which control hypocotyl growth inhibition, cotyledon and leaf expansion, and the expression of light-regulated genes. Interestingly the plant hormone cytokinin induces similar responses when added exogenously to germinating seedlings, suggesting a link between cryptochrome and cytokinin signalling pathways. In this work we explore the relationship between cryptochrome and cytokinin signalling pathways in the promotion of photomorphogenesis. The effect of exogenously added cytokinins on hypocotyl growth inhibition occurs in the dark, and is largely independent and additive to that of cryptochromes in blue light, via distinct signalling pathways. By contrast, cytokinin-dependent stimulation of anthocyanin accumulation occurs only in light, and interacts with the signalling pathway downstream of cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) at the level of transcript accumulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Mutants in elongated hypocotyl 5 (hy5), a downstream intermediate in the CRY1 signalling pathway, show a reduced induction of anthocyanin accumulation in blue light by cytokinins, similar to that observed for cryptochrome (cry1) mutants. Furthermore cytokinins are shown to increase levels of HY5 protein accumulation, suggesting that cytokinins may function by reducing HY5 degradation by COP1 (constitutively photomorphogenic 1). As both cryptochrome and cytokinin signalling pathways increase HY5 protein levels, and as HY5 binds to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes to stimulate gene expression, it is concluded that the regulation of HY5 protein stability represents a point of convergence between cryptochrome and cytokinin signalling pathways.
Secretory immunoglobulins A from human milk possess affinity to oligonucleotides and nucleic acids. (1999)

The antibody (AB) fraction containing sIgA and IgG was isolated from human milk by Protein A-Sepharose chromatography and was shown to possess affinity to DNA-cellulose. Ion-exchange HPLC of these AB on a TSK DEAE-5PW column resulted in the isolation of a fraction containing sIgA and oligonucleotides (ON). Gel-filtration of the AB fraction revealed the presence of ON with length 4-8 nucleotides co-isolating with sIgA. sIgA Preparations purified on DEAE-Fractogel and DNA-cellulose contained lipids which were phosphorylated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP. The affinity of HPLC-purified IgG and sIgA to calf thymus DNA, Escherichia coli DNA and total tRNA, and plasmid DNA was demonstrated. IgG was shown to bind to thymus DNA and E. coli DNA, and sIgA was shown to bind to E. coli DNA and tRNA. Nucleic acids of intestinal microflora are supposed to participate in induction of the secretory immune response.
Active isolation and damping of vibrations via Stewart platform (2003)

In the beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor profes-sor Andre ́ Preumont, the head of the Active Structures Laboratory for his patience, wise advices, brilliant ideas and suggestions and for his strong insistance and high pressure to achieve better work. I would like to thank my colleagues: Frédéric Bossens for putting my feet on the right way, Mihaita Horodinca for his big efforts in manufacturing the Stewart platform, Vin-cent Piefort for his advices in the finite element modelling, Ioanica Burda and Salvator Dusabimana for their efforts in building the electronics needed for the flight test, Pierre De Man, Arnaud François, Ioan Doroftei and Xavier Pitoiset for their help and friendship. Special thanks to Mihaita and Ioanica for their support and participation in the parabolic flight test. I am grateful to the team of Micromega Dynamics, in particular, Nicolas Loix, Jean Phillippe Verschueren and Serge Cattoul for their continuous help and cooperation and for their endless industrial and practical advices specially in the electronics. I am also grateful to the other space and vibration isolation research groups who provided us with helpful ideas in the construction of the Stewart platform. I am deeply thankful to my family in Palestine, particularly, my beloved mother and I send a ray of love and blessing to the memory of my father who died during the period of this work. The words are too little to describe my thanks to my wife and children for their patience and endless support to withstand the challenges of life and work. i
Photorefractive damage of LiNbO3 quasiphase matched wavelength converters (2000)

Photorefractive damage (PRD) of LiNbO3 quasiphase matched (QPM) wavelength converters is studied by a novel two-beam method, in which the second-harmonic generation (SHG) tuning curve of a broadband probe beam is monitored. The QPM condition and wavelength conversion efficiency, which are characterized by the peak wavelength and peak intensity of the SHG tuning curve respectively, are investigated in detail with respect to the irradiation power and irradiation time. It is found that the QPM condition and wavelength conversion efficiency change markedly even for low irradiation powers (&amp;lt;20 mW), indicating that the PRD effect is non-negligible in LiNbO3 QPM wavelength converters intended for practical applications.