gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet-Rich Plasma and Skeletal Muscle Healing: A Molecular Analysis of the Early Phases of the Regeneration Process in an Experimental Animal Model (2014)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has received increasing interest in applied medicine, being widely used in clinical practice with the aim of stimulating tissue healing. Despite the reported clinical success, there is still a lack of knowledge when considering the biological mechanisms at the base of the activity of PRP during the process of muscle healing. The aim of the present study was to verify whether the local delivery of PRP modulates specific molecular events involved in the early stages of the muscle regeneration process. The right flexor sublimis muscle of anesthetized Wistar rats was mechanically injured and either treated with PRP or received no treatment. At day 2 and 5 after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and the muscle samples evaluated at molecular levels. PRP treatment increased significantly the mRNA level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, and TGF-β1. This phenomenon induced an increased expression at mRNA and/or protein levels of several myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD1, Myf5 and Pax7, as well as the muscular isoform of insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1Eb). No effect was detected with respect to VEGF-A expression. In addition, PRP application modulated the expression of miR-133a together with its known target serum response factor (SRF); increased the phosphorylation of αB-cristallin, with a significant improvement in several apoptotic parameters (NF-κB-p65 and caspase 3), indexes of augmented cell survival. The results of the present study indicates that the effect of PRP in skeletal muscle injury repair is due both to the modulation of the molecular mediators of the inflammatory and myogenic pathways, and to the control of secondary pathways such as those regulated by myomiRNAs and heat shock proteins, which contribute to proper and effective tissue regeneration.
Structure and Histochemistry of Embryo Envelope Tissues in the Mature Dry Seed and Early Germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia (2000)

The embryo envelope tissues in both mature dry seed and during early germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia were investigated by bright-field and fluorescence light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ruminate seed had an irregularly reticulate surface owing to the presence of polygonal areas, corresponding to the cells of the seed coat. The raised margins of these cells joined at the lobe tips, where radially arranged thickenings occurred. The unitegmic seed coat was made up of three distinct layers: the frayed outer layer, the middle layer with portions rising outwards to form the radial thickenings, and the inner layer, the thickness of which was greatest in the micropylar zone. The endosperm tissue had two regions, the micropylar and the lateral endosperm, which differed in polysaccharide composition, thickness and metachromasy intensity, and presence (in the lateral endosperm) or absence (in the micropylar endosperm) of birefringence of the cell walls. Moreover, in the micropylar region, where the embryo suspensor remnant was found, Ca-oxalate crystals were scarce or absent. The presence of a partially permeable cuticle covering the seed endosperm was observed. Incubation of seeds in Lucifer Yellow CH indicated that water was able to penetrate quickly into the seed coat along the pathway formed by the radial thickenings, the raised margins of the polygonal cells and the middle layer. Afterwards, LY-CH readily infiltrated the apical portions of the seed lobes and then the whole endosperm. Following imbibition, morphological changes were found in the micropylar endosperm, such as the initial digestion of protein bodies. In addition, both in the seed coat and in the endosperm, a weaker fluorescence, probably due to leaching of polyphenolic substances, was observed. Once the seed coat was broken at the micropylar end of the seed, the endosperm cap surrounding the radicle tip had to be punctured by it so that complete germination could occur. Weakening and rupture of the micropylar endosperm are briefly discussed. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
A method for the precise evaluation of interferograms (1964)

A simple photoelectric scanning device is described which is capable of evaluating interferograms of two-beam interference systems to 1/100 fringe or better.
Studies of graphite anodes for lithium ion battery (1994)

In this paper the authors report on the effects of current density, water content, alcohol additives, graphite type and modification on X, Q{sub IR} and graphite anode degradation rate in DEC-EC-LiAsF{sub 6} solutions. X was found to be inversely proportional to d{sub 002}. {sub IR} increases with graphite surface area and with water and alcohol addition, but decreases with current density. In dry solutions (60 ppm H{sub 2}O) rapid degradation is caused by reduction induced polymerization. This problem was alleviated by the addition of low concentrations of water and alcohols. By modification of the graphite X rose from 0.85--0.9 to 1 and the capacity fading decreased even in dry solutions. In solutions which contained some alcohols and whose solvents were not dried, the graphite demonstrated excellent stability. Capacity fading is attributed to electrolyte degradation. There is some evidence for the increase of order in the graphite after cycling. It was concluded that in order to minimize the degradation rate of the graphite anode a high quality solid electrolyte interphase must be formed prior to lithium intercalation.
Role of nitric oxide, cAMP and cGMP in the radiation induced changes of tight junctions in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. (2003)

Radiation induced inflammatory response is thought to be the consequence of acute and chronic oxidative stress, as well as the increased production of various intercellular mediators. Nitric oxide (NO) originated reactive nitrogen species, cGMP and cAMP are well known regulatory factors of the structure and functions of cell contacts. These data raise the possibility that they may play a role in the radiation induced alterations of tight junctions (TJs) and consequently in the radiation injury of surface tissues. Using immunohistochemical methods on confluent cultures of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, our goal was to clarify the possible role of NO and its relationship with the cGMP and cAMP second messenger systems in the development of the radiation induced alterations of TJs. We found that increased levels of cAMP and/or inhibition of nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS) activity both tend to strengthen TJ associated cell-to-cell contacts in unirradiated control cells. In contrast increased level of cGMP and/or increased expression of NO-sythase, caused the and irregular staining of TJal complexes, which is commonly observed in irridated cells. Our experiments also indicated the protective role of the experimentally increased cAMP level and of NOS inhibitors against the radiation induced TJ changes. All these results suggest the key role of NO in the early radiation response of TJs.
Writer identification and verification using GMM supervectors (2014)

This paper proposes a new system for offline writer identification and writer verification. The proposed method uses GMM supervectors to encode the feature distribution of individual writers. Each supervector originates from an individual GMM which has been adapted from a background model via a maximum-a-posteriori step followed by mixing the new statistics with the background model. We show that this approach improves the TOP-1 accuracy of the current best ranked methods evaluated at the ICDAR-2013 competition dataset from 95.1% [13] to 97.1%, and from 97.9% [11] to 99.2% at the CVL dataset, respectively. Additionally, we compare the GMM supervector encoding with other encoding schemes, namely Fisher vectors and Vectors of Locally Aggregated Descriptors.
The design of dielectric barriers for HVDC bushings (1996)

High voltage bushings employ capacitive grading foils to control the electric field distribution under AC conditions. However, under DC conditions, the foils are unable to prevent a concentration of electric field within the bushing due to its high resistivity relative to that of the surrounding oil. A method of controlling the electric field is therefore required for DC conditions, and this is usually achieved through the use of dielectric barriers which surround the oil-immersed end of the bushing. This paper describes analytical techniques used to assess the performance of a particular barrier configuration in order to optimise its design. (6 pages)
Modeling and Optimizing of the Multi-Layer Nearest Neighbor Network for Face Image Super-Resolution (2019)

In this paper, we propose a face super-resolution (FSR) method to handle the decreasing face recognition rate caused by low-quality images. To better model the input images, we build a nearest neighbor network (NNN) which consists of nodes and paths by introducing the second-layer nearest neighbors (SLNNs), where the paths of the network represent the distance between nodes. As the SLNN is trained in the high-resolution (HR) space and is exponentially supplementary to the traditional first-layer nearest neighbors (FLNNs), the neighbor inadequacy problem can be effectively solved by enriching the neighbor candidate set via NNN. Furthermore, we solve the NNN for the optimal weights of neighbors. Finally, we fuse the refined weights and neighbors for better reconstruction results. The effectiveness of this fusion strategy is validated by both quantitative and qualitative experimental results. The extensive experimental results on the public face datasets and real-world challenging low-resolution (LR) images demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.
Stoichiometric Operation of a Gas Engine Utilizing Synthesis Gas and EGR for NOx Control (2000)

This paper presents the results from an internal research study conducted at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) on the effects of stoichiometric mixtures of natural gas and synthesis gas with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Constant load performance and emissions tests were conducted on a modified, single-cylinder, Caterpillar 1Y540 research engine at 11.0 bar (160 psi) bmep. Engine performance and emissions comparisons between natural gas with EGR, and natural gas with syngas and EGR are presented. In addition, the performance characteristics of the fuel reforming catalyst are presented. Results show that thermal efficiency increases with increasing EGR for both natural gas operation and natural gas with syngas operation at constant load. The use of syngas with natural gas extended the EGR tolerance by 44.4 percent on a mass basis compared to natural gas only, leading to a 77 percent reduction in raw NOx emissions over the lowest natural gas with EGR NOx emissions. [S0742-4795(00)00504-4]
The Switched-Capacitor Power Amplifier: A Key Enabler for Future Communications Systems (2019)

In this paper, power amplifiers in CMOS technologies are reviewed including traditional PAs and the digital power amplifier (DPA). DPAs embed the functionality of an up-conversion mixer and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in the PA. Hence a more appropriate label for DPAs is RF-Power-DACs. The "Switched-Capacitor Power Amplifier" (SCPA) is highlighted due to its potential to transform future communications networks because of its small-size, high linearity, and high efficiency. Because the SCPA (and other DPAs) can directly interface with digital signals while outputting RF signals, it is a flexible mixed-signal interface circuit that does not require a large baseband filter. Several recent innovations in the SCPA that enable it to be reconfigured digitally across multiple frequency bands and to be used in beamforming/MIMO transceivers are highlighted.
Enhancement of STAYSL_PNNL with IRDFF/V1.05 to 60 MeV (2018)

The STAYSL_PNNL computer code was revised to add 12 new neutron activation cross sections from the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File, IRDFF/V1.05, and to extend the energy range from 20 to 60 MeV. Users now have the option to use a variety of neutron cross section libraries from 69 to 725 energy groups. Neutron cross section needs are discussed for neutron spectral adjustments at higher neutron energies where specific activation products can be produced by multiple isotopes of the same element.
Alcohol, drugs, and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a model for the study of addictions in youth (2006)

There has been increasing interest in the developmental origins of substance use disorders (SUDs) in children and adolescents. Because of its early onset, high prevalence and known risk for SUD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a model developmental disorder to evaluate in context to SUDs. A selected review of the literature was undertaken examining ADHD as an antecedent disorder to subsequent SUD. ADHD and its co-occurring comorbid psychopathology increase the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD and is associated with greater SUD severity and chronicity. The treatment of ADHD appears to decrease the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD. ADHD is an important antecedent disorder in children and adolescents worthy of further targeted preventive efforts to diminish the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD.
Experimental Study of Electronically Based Instrument Approach Plates (1994)

Issues associated with the electronic presentation of instrument approach plates (IAPs) were investigated in a part-task simulation study using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Aeronautical Systems Laboratory's Advanced Cockpit Simulator. Several electronic IAP chart formats were developed and evaluated. A decluttering system that allowed the pilots to selectively suppress various information groups in some of the prototype formats was also investigated. Results of the experimental study indicated that there was no degradation, and possibly a limited gain in information-retrieval performance when IAP information was presented in electronic format and compared to traditional paper IAPs. Each pilot preferred the selectable decluttering feature. The preferred chart was a color, north-up (nonmoving map) format with the decluttering capability. During the simulation, low levels of terrain situational awareness were observed when pilots were given erroneous air traffic control vectors toward hazardous terrain.
Tailoring the Porosity and Morphology of Gelatin-Methacrylate PolyHIPE Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications (2005)

Gelatin is a natural protein with many desirable properties for application as a biomaterial, including scaffolding for tissue engineering. In this work gelatin A with a molecular weight in the range 50-100 kg mol-1 was modified with methacrylic anhydride and processed into a concentrated oil-in-water emulsion. Polymerization of the continuous phase gave rise to a polyHIPE, a porous material possessing a highly interconnected, trabecular morphology. In the paper, we focused on the goal of obtaining matrixes characterized by suitable sizes of both voids and interconnects, to allow an in depth colonization from transplanted cells. In this respect, we investigated the role of the volume percentage of the dispersed phase and the effect of additives. It was established that high pore volumes (>or=90%) are to be preferred, because they allow the production of solid foams characterized by average void and interconnect diameters of approximately 20 and 10 microm, respectively. These values are still inadequate for the intended application of these scaffolds but represent a good starting point for further improvements. These were achieved through the use of additives, namely sodium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide, which partially destabilized the precursor emulsion and allowed a solid foam to be obtained with void and interconnect diameters in the range of 30-150 microm and 10-50 microm, respectively.
Forecaster Diversity and the Benefits of Combining Forecasts (1995)

The expected error variance of a combined forecast is necessarily lower than that of an individual forecast, but in practice there may be considerable variation around these expected values. This paper introduces a measure of the benefit from combining, the probability of a reduction in error variance, which recognizes this problem. The measure is applied to data on the forecasts and forecasting methods of a panel of U.S. economists to determine how the benefits of combining vary with the number of forecasts combined, and with the diversity in theories and techniques among the component forecasts.
Neural Instant Search for Music and Podcast (2021)

Over recent years, podcasts have emerged as a novel medium for sharing and broadcasting information over the Internet. Audio streaming platforms originally designed for music content, such as Amazon Music, Pandora, and Spotify, have reported a rapid growth, with millions of users consuming podcasts every day. With podcasts emerging as a new medium for consuming information, the need to develop information access systems that enable efficient and effective discovery from a heterogeneous collection of music and podcasts is more important than ever. However, information access in such domains still remains understudied. In this work, we conduct a large-scale log analysis to study and compare podcast and music search behavior on Spotify, a major audio streaming platform. Our findings suggest that there exist fundamental differences in user behavior while searching for podcasts compared to music. Specifically, we identify the need to improve podcast search performance. We propose a simple yet effective transformer-based neural instant search model that retrieves items from a heterogeneous collection of music and podcast content. Our model takes advantage of multi-task learning to optimize for a ranking objective in addition to a query intent type identification objective. Our experiments on large-scale search logs show that the proposed model significantly outperforms strong baselines for both podcast and music queries.
Seeding of vascular smooth muscle cells confers enhanced pharmacological responses to tissue engineered blood vessels in a large animal model (2010)

These studies evaluated the impact of VSM cell seeding and bioreactor preconditioning on the phenotype and function of tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBV) following 4 months of implantation in vivo. Autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and vascular smooth muscles cells (VSM) were collected from female sheep and differentiated into mature EC and VSMC in culture. Five TEBV were seeded with both endothelial cells (EC) and VSM, and another 5 grafts seeded with EC only. All grafts were preconditioned to pulsatile flow and physiologic pressure for 2 weeks in a bioreactor. TEBV were implanted in female sheep as an interposition graft of the carotid or femoral artery. The patency rate was 100%, with no aneursymal degeneration or anasomotic stenosis. Vessel wall cells of dual‐seeded grafts had increased immuno‐positive staining to α‐actin (p=0.05) and smooth muscle myosin (p=0.05), as well as increased overall cellularity (p=0.01), when compared to EC only‐seeded grafts. Significantly increased steady‐state maximal contractile responses were observed in the dual‐seeded grafts in response to stimulation with phenylephrine (PE, 10 μM; p=0.01) and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT;10 μM; p=0.01), but not KCl. Maximal contractions to PE and 5‐HT were ≈20% and 15%, respectively, of that observed for the native vessel, respectively. This work represents an important first step toward creation of more native‐like TEBV.
Deformation measurements of tunnel segments at a newly developed test rig / Deformationsmessungen an Tübbingen mit einem neu entwickelten Prüfstand (2016)

Abstract With the use of tunnel boring machines under different geological and geotechnical conditions, the support with precast elements has been state of the art for decades. For the verification of the load‐bearing and deformation behaviour of these high‐strength reinforced concrete elements under exact known loading conditions, a test rig has been developed and implemented in a cooperation between experts of Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG, SAE Fachbereich Bautechnik/Tunnelbau) and the Montanuniverität Leoben (Chair of Subsurface Engineering). The newly developed segment test rig allows biaxial tests on real segments. Due to the modular construction it is feasible to test segments with different geometries and dimensions. The obtained findings should be included in the optimization of these elements. Furthermore, the optimisation of the reinforcement design and replacement of steel bar reinforcement with fibre reinforcement is being investigated. With this test rig, an important step has been taken towards new technologies and materials in the field of segment linings. Currently, tests with distributed fibre optic sensing systems are carried out in cooperation with the Graz University of Technology (Institute of Engineering Geodesy and Measurement Systems – IGMS). A fibre optic sensing cable can be embedded in the segment during production and used for lifelong in‐situ deformation measurements of the segment. Bei einem kontinuierlichen Vortrieb mit Tunnelvortriebsmaschinen zählt der Ausbau des aufgefahrenen Hohlraums mit Tübbingen seit Jahrzehnten zum Stand der Technik. Zur Verifizierung des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens der Tübbinge bei unterschiedlichen geologischen und geotechnischen Verhältnissen unter definierten Belastungs‐ und Auflagerbedingungen wurde in enger Kooperation zwischen der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG (SAE Fachbereich Bautechnik/Tunnelbau) und dem Lehrstuhl für Subsurface Engineering der Montanuniversität Leoben ein Prüfstand geplant und realisiert, der biaxiale Versuche an Tübbingen ermöglicht. Durch den modularen Aufbau ist das Prüfen von unterschiedlichen Tübbinggeometrien sowie –abmessungen möglich. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen in die Tübbingoptimierung einfließen. Unter anderem sollen Optimierungen des Bewehrungsdesigns und die mögliche Verwendung von Faserbewehrung untersucht werden. Zukünftig bietet dieser Prüfstand neue Prüfmöglichkeiten zur Weiterentwicklung des Tübbingausbaus und dessen Materialien. Derzeit werden Versuche mit faseroptischen Messsystemen in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Ingenieurgeodäsie und Messsysteme (IGMS) der Technischen Universität Graz durchgeführt. Das faseroptische Sensorkabel wird während der Herstellung in den Tübbing eingebettet und kann zur In‐situ‐Deformationsmessungen über die gesamte Lebensdauer des Tübbings genutzt werden.
Visual tracking with deformation models (2002)

A novel solution to the 2-D tracking problem is presented. This solution has two major components: a deformation model that constrains the interpretation of motion, and a set of energy-based match criteria that specify image features to be used in tracking. The separation of the motion model from the match features is an advantage of this approach over previous tracking systems. An implementation of these ideas has been shown to exhibit fast and flexible operation over a wide class of image motions. Experimental results are given for two real-world image sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>