gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beetle-inspired adhesion by capillary-bridge arrays: pull-off detachment (2012)

Adhesion by capillarity (‘wet’ adhesion) depends on the surface tension of an array of many small liquid bridges acting simultaneously against a substrate. A particular leaf beetle has been previously shown to defend itself using wet adhesion, and a man-made device, inspired by this beetle, has been previously demonstrated to exhibit electronically controlled switchable wet adhesion. In both cases, measurements of detachment under load have been reported as pull-off strengths. In this paper, we pose models for pull-off failure of adhesion and discuss the predictions of these models in relationship to available observations. The focus is on the role of array geometry and how net adhesive failure relates to the instability of a single liquid bridge.
A Multimedia Information System for Railroad Passengers (1995)

We have developed a multimedia information system for railroad passengers, that can retrieve graphics and full-color images as well as alphanumeric data. This system consists of a host computer, user terminals, and workstations for creating and editing information pages. These components are linked through a high-speed Ethernet LAN. The user terminals requires high-speed response, so JPEG compression is used in full-color images to reduce the time required to transmit images from the host computer.In September 1993, experimental user terminals were set up in Kintetsu Namba Station, Uehonmachi Station and Abenobashi Station. The tourist information on the Shima Spain Village and Ise-Shima National Park provided by these user terminals has been highly evaluated by users.
Qualidade de produto minimamente processado à base de abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa (2010)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de produto minimamente processado, à base de quatro hortaliças - abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa, armazenado a 5 ºC por 8 dias. Observou-se que os teores de umidade, fibra, proteína, cinza e fração glicídica das quatro hortaliças não foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento, entretanto o teor de extrato etéreo aumentou. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de vitamina C e de acidez titulável diminuiu em todas as hortaliças. O teor de β-caroteno do chuchu não alterou, entretanto, aumentou na abóbora, na cenoura e na mandioquinha-salsa. O pH das quatro hortaliças aumentou com o armazenamento. Os teores de sólidos solúveis da cenoura e da mandioquinha-salsa aumentaram, não sendo afetados na abóbora e no chuchu. As notas de aparência do "mix" não foram inferiores a 7 (gostei moderadamente), durante o armazenamento. Os coliformes a 35 ºC presentes no "mix" aumentaram e não foi constatada a presença de coliformes a 45 ºC e Salmonella sp. em nenhum tempo avaliado. Conclui-se que a vida útil, entendida sob os aspectos nutricionais, sensoriais e microbiológicos, pode ser estabelecida em 8 dias sob refrigeração para abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa submetidos ao processamento mínimo.
The interaction of convection & internal waves: A natural co-dimension- three dynamics (2016)

The Interaction of Convection & Internal Waves: A Natural Co-Dimension-Three Dynamics Larry G. Redekopp and Hang Song Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California lg.redekopp@usc.edu Abstract The interactive dynamics involving convective motions in a layer heated from below and internal wave motions in a contiguous, stably stratified layer is analyzed in the weakly nonlinear limit. A reduced dynamical system consisting of three coupled, nonlinear amplitude equations describing the intensity of convection co-existing with bi-directionally propagating long internal waves is derived. This set is analyzed for various states of motion, and the results for special cases are discussed. In particular, we identify critical conditions when both the long-wave mode and the short-wave mode become unstable, allowing a “resonant” coupling of unstable modes. The amplitude equation model also possesses a third-order phase dynamics which, at least in the weakly nonlinear limit, can describe episodic mixing events. Introduction The phenomenon of thermal convection occurring in a horizontal layer heated from below has been studied extensively, both because of its relevance in physical contexts and its utility as a model for pattern forming instabilities and transition to (weak) turbulence. In the present study, onset of thermal instability is considered together with its coupling with motion in an adjacent layer supporting internal waves. The physical model is intended as one with potential for providing insight into, for example, the case of surface cooling of a mixed layer in a lake and a consequent, stimulated internal wave field generated in and across the metalimnion. Alternatively, the formulation may be considered as a model for the convective dynamics arising from surface heating at the base of the troposphere, and consequent driven internal waves in and across the tropopause. In either of the physical paradigms noted, convective dynamics in a finite layer occurs in the presence of an adjoining layer of stably stratified media. As a consequence, convective motions may, depending on the static stability of the interface between the contiguous layers, couple strongly with internal waves, leading in such cases to enhanced transport, especially in cases where the underlying system is Galilean invariant. The Galilean invariance of the system is an important factor as convective cells are then readily displaced horizontally by propagating long waves impressed on the convecting layer. On the other hand, the action of waves in a region adjacent to a convective layer will modulate the depth of the convecting layer and, therewith, the local Rayleigh number and the intensity of convective motion. Further, when the modulation timescale is sufficiently short, slower convective activity may even be inhibited. It appears, therefore, that offsetting affects exist in the nonlinear coupling between convection and internal waves, VIII th Int. Symp. on Stratified Flows, San Diego, USA, Aug. 29 - Sept. 1, 2016
Increased Prevalence of Concomitant Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopic Surgery (2019)

Patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery had an increased prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions compared with the general population as well as those undergoing ACL reconstruction or shoulder stabilization surgery. Depression and anxiety were the most prevalent concomitant psychiatric diagnoses.
Light budgets, light and heavy losses: One‐ or two‐sided tandem scanning (real‐time, direct‐view, confocal) microscopy (1990)

SUMMARY A practical arrangement was constructed which permitted the demonstration of the equivalence of the autocollimation variant of the rotating‐aperture‐disc, real‐time, direct‐view, confocal microscope (the one‐sided tandem scanning microscope—1sTSM) and the original, centrally symmetric, two‐sided TSM (2sTSM). It permitted the direct examination and disproof of claims that 1sTSM has an advantageous ‘light budget’. It is shown that more efficient use of available light is made in 2sTSM and that contrast may be further improved by the (future) more efficient rejection of waste light.
Parsimonious Asynchronous Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Atomic Broadcast. (2006)

Abstract. Atomic broadcast is a communication primitive that allows a group of n parties to deliver a common sequence of payload messages despite the failure of some parties. We address the problem of asynchronous atomic broadcast when up to t &amp;lt; n/3 parties may exhibit Byzantine behavior. We provide the first protocol with an amortized expected message complexity of O(n) per delivered payload. The most efficient previous solutions are the BFT protocol by Castro and Liskov and the KS protocol by Kursawe and Shoup, both of which have message complexity O(n 2). Like the BFT and KS protocols, our protocol is optimistic and uses inexpensive mechanisms during periods when no faults occur; when network instability or faults are detected, it switches to a more expensive recovery mode. The key idea of our solution is to replace reliable broadcast in the KS protocol by consistent broadcast, which reduces the message complexity from O(n 2) to O(n) in the optimistic mode. But since consistent broadcast provides weaker guarantees than reliable broadcast, our recovery mode incorporates novel techniques to ensure that safety and liveness are always satisfied. 1
Incorporating Active Learning with PowerPoint-Based Lectures Using Content-Based Questions (2009)

Instructors often use Microsoft PowerPoint lectures and handouts as support tools to provide students with the main concepts of the lectures. Some instructors and researchers believe that PowerPoint encourages student passivity. We conducted 2 studies to determine whether the use of content-based questions (CBQs) would enhance learning when combined with traditional PowerPoint lectures. Our results indicated significantly higher quiz scores and exam scores when students used CBQs in comparison to using only the traditional PowerPoint lecture and handouts. The results suggest that it is possible to incorporate effective active learning methods into PowerPoint-based lectures.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD USED FOR IMMUNOMAGNETIC ISLET PURIFICATION (1995)

Purification of islets based on the physical differences in density between exocrine and islet tissue reduces islet yields and remains one of the factors limiting islet transplantation. Immunomagnetic cell separation methods provide an attractive, highly specific alternative capable of rapid, gentle, high volume cell separation, but they require modification to be applied effectively to separation of the much larger tissue fragments involved in islet purification. In this study, mAb to rat exocrine tissue were coupled to 4.5-microns magnetic beads (M450 Dynabeads), before incubation with standard aliquots of rat pancreatic digest. The effect on immunomagnetic islet purification of modifications in the magnetic field and the method of digest release into the field were investigated. The results showed that using vibration to maintain the immunomagnetically labeled digest in suspension in tissue culture medium whose density had been increased by the addition of BSA, significantly improved the purification process. When the digest suspension was slowly released and allowed to drift under gravity through a magnetic field applied across a narrow tube, the use of a quadripole of permanent magnets improved results compared with bipolar or unipolar magnetic fields. By modifying immunomagnetic cell separation techniques in this way, a median islet yield of 77% could be reliably achieved while removing 88% of the contaminating exocrine tissue. The use of such methods in human islet purification would significantly increase the yield of islets from each donor pancreas and increase the success rate of transplantation from single donors.
Energy distribution and lifetime of magnetospherically reflecting whistlers in the plasmasphere (2003)

Using ray tracing and Landau damping calculations based on recent data on suprathermal particle fluxes from the HYDRA instrument aboard the POLAR satellite, we estimate the energy distribution and the lifetimes of 0.2–10 kHz whistler mode waves in the plasmasphere. The rays are injected at 1000 km altitude and latitudes of 25°, 35°, 45°, and 55° to represent whistler wave energy originating in lightning discharges occurring in middle to low‐latitude thunderstorms. The lifetime is defined as the time at which the wave power is reduced by 10 dB. Results indicate that the lifetime of whistler waves at lower frequencies is dramatically larger than those at higher frequencies and that rays injected at lower latitudes generally persist longer than those injected at higher latitudes in agreement with previous studies. An important characteristic of magnetospherically reflected (MR) whistlers is the strong tendency for whistler wave components at each frequency to eventually migrate to and settle into a multiply reflecting pattern at a specific (determined only by the wave frequency) L ‐shell, at which the wave energy would persist indefinitely in the absence of Landau damping and other losses. Consideration of this behavior together with the typical power spectrum of a single, vertical, cloud‐to‐ground lightning stroke, allows the estimation of the relative MR whistler wave energy in the inner magnetosphere as a function of L ‐shell. Results indicate that MR whistler energy deposition is maximized at the location of the slot region, suggesting that such MR whistlers launched by lightning discharges may be responsible for the enhanced diffusion rates and may play a more significant role than previously assumed in the formation and maintenance of the slot region between the inner and outer radiation belts.
Test cycle power optimization for scan-based designs (2010)

Extraordinary power consumption during the scan test may inadvertently cause a functional good die to fail. This paper proposes a peak power reduction algorithm for the scan test which considers both the shift cycles and capture cycles simultaneously to limit the peak power of all test cycles during the test generation. In addition, the analysis also recommends the types of circuit structures that are more suitable to add test logic for maximum power reduction with the minimum test cost. The proposed methodology is highly efficient and can be applied to large industrial designs.
Optically Active Binary Liquid Crystal Thermometry (1979)

Research on the biological effects and medical applications of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields often requires the use of nonmetallic non-perturbing temperature sensors. The highly temperature dependent optical activity observed in certain types of liquid crystals makes possible the construction of very sensitive non-perturbing fiberoptic thermometers. A knowledge of the effect of various parameters on the optical rotatory power of the chosen liquid crystal is essential for the construction of such a device. The dependence of the optical rotatory power on temperature, composition, and sample thickness in a binary mixture of a nematic (MBBA) and a cholesteric (Cholesteryl Oleate) liquid crystal was studied. The dependence of effective pitch on composition was determined. Application of the data on rotatory power and effective pitch to the construction of devices is discussed. Illinois under Grant USPHSCA 09067.
Photon-measurement density functions Part I: Analytical forms (1995)

This paper addresses the problem of tomographic reconstruction of absorption and scattering parameters in the optical region from measurements of transilluminated light. Specifically, the question of the sensitivity of different measurement schemes on the boundary of an object to perturbations of the optical parameters within the object are addressed. The concept of a photon-sampling volume [Appl. Opt. 33, 448 (1994)] and a photon-hitting density [Appl. Opt. 32, 448 (1993)] is extended to a photon-measurement density function (PMDF). The PMDF is derived from the Green's function of the diffusion equation and can be expressed for measurements such as the time-varying intensity, integrated intensity, temporal moments, and phase shift, as well as for both absorption and diffusion perturbations. Closed-form solutions are given for a number of these functions in infinite space, half-space, and slab geometries. Example results are given in terms of three-dimensional images.
DC-Microgrids As a Means of Rural Development in East African Countries (2018)

According to the World Health Organization, nearly 3 billion people burn wood, crop wastes, charcoal, coal and animal dung to meet their day to day energy needs and among these nearly 1.3 billion people do not have electricity access. More than 80% of the population suffering from energy poverty are living in rural areas of developing countries, such as in East Africa. On the other hand, the potential of renewable energy resources in East African countries is huge. However, such resources are usually intermittent and therefore the use of renewable energy sources to provide modern energy access with a good reliability level, for the remote locations with lack of energy access, is still an issue. With this regard, one of the emerging technologies to solve accessibility of energy in rural and remote areas is DC-microgrids. This paper assessed the use of off-grid systems in different developing countries and presents the results in improving energy access, especially in rural and remote locations. The results indicate that the experience of some Asian countries and Tanzania in East Africa could be a good example for other East African countries to invest in off-grid systems and address energy access problems in their rural and remote locations. On the other hand, there are challenges related to financing and lack of trained man power in East African countries.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of vortex breakdown in the wake of the 25 ∘ Ahmed body (2014)

We study experimentally and theoretically the wake of the 25° Ahmed body, considered a suitable test-case to reproduce the two counter-rotating longitudinal vortices widely encountered in automotive aerodynamics. The three-dimensional experimental mean flow is reconstructed at high Reynolds number (Re = 2:8 x10^6) from a series of cross-flow time-averaged planes acquired with a moving automated Stereo-PIV system. We observe a sharp decay of the axial velocity and vorticity in the near-wake, 0.5 times the projected length of the slanted surface downstream the square back, where the streamwise vortices is subjected to a strong adverse pressure gradient and the turbulent kinetic energy exhibits a peak in the vortex core. A stability analysis of the experimental velocity shows that the flow undergoes vortex breakdown roughly at the same position, through a transition from supercritical (x 0.5) conditions and the accumulation of upstream propagating axisymmetric waves.
Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses of Duct Propagation Models (2008)

This paper presents results of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses conducted to assess the relative merits of three duct propagation codes. Results from this study are intended to support identification of a "working envelope" within which to use the various approaches underlying these propagation codes. This investigation considers a segmented liner configuration that models the NASA Langley Grazing Incidence Tube, for which a large set of measured data was available. For the uncertainty analysis, the selected input parameters (source sound pressure level, average Mach number, liner impedance, exit impedance, static pressure and static temperature) are randomly varied over a range of values. Uncertainty limits (95% confidence levels) are computed for the predicted values from each code, and are compared with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals in the measured data. Generally, the mean values of the predicted attenuation are observed to track the mean values of the measured attenuation quite well and predicted confidence intervals tend to be larger in the presence of mean flow. A two-level, six factor sensitivity study is also conducted in which the six inputs are varied one at a time to assess their effect on the predicted attenuation. As expected, the results demonstrate the liner resistance and reactance to be the most important input parameters. They also indicate the exit impedance is a significant contributor to uncertainty in the predicted attenuation.
Use of Real-Time Biomechanical Biofeedback to Retrain Posture and Reduce Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2016)

Abstract Date Presented 4/8/2016 Biomechanical feedback was found to be significantly more effective than education in achieving sustained improvements in posture and musculoskeletal pain for computer users. The findings provide support for occupational therapists to include biomechanical biofeedback in treatment programs for musculoskeletal pain. Primary Author and Speaker: Lorraine Josey Contributing Authors: Kieran Broome and Marion Gray
Systematic design of an electrostatic optical system for ion beam lithography (1985)

An electrostatic optical system has been designed to produce a high resolution (10–100 nm) ion beam probe based on a very high brightness H+2 field ionization source developed in our laboratory.1 The system described here includes two electrostatic lenses, postlens octupole and quadrupole deflectors, beam blanker, stigmation and alignment deflectors. Since the resolution of this system is limited by the aberrations of the optics, a systematic approach is employed to minimize these aberrations. First, individual lenses were designed by many trial evaluations using appropriately constructed figures of merit. The scales and magnifications of both lenses then were determined simultaneously to minimize the axial aberrations of the combined lens. The deflectors were also optimized using analytical expressions of deflection aberration coefficients to achieve small deflection aberrations. The beam blanker at the beam crossover point can also give reasonably high blanking rates (10–300 MHz) for H+2 ions with small spurious deflection. This optical system is to be used in an ion beam lithography machine currently under construction. In this system, a 2 mrad beam acceptance half-angle will produce a probe size of 10 nm with a current density of 100 A/cm2 at 50 keV energy when used with the H+2 field ion source which produces a typical angular current density of 10 μA/sr.
Japan and multilateralism in the North Korean nuclear crisis: road map or dead end? (2007)

Since 2003, multilateral approaches to addressing the North Korean security issue have increasingly come to the fore. The most notable of these approaches has been the Six-Party Talks process. Hosted by China, it was first launched in August 2003, with further rounds held in February and June 2004, in July to September 2005, and with the fifth and latest round, as of the time of writing, in November 2005. The talks have involved the participation of the USA, Japan, China, Russia, and South and North Korea. They experienced an initial setback with Pyongyang’s announcement in February 2005 of the indefinite suspension of its participation in the talks.1 Nevertheless, US policy makers in particular, but also to varying degrees the policy makers of the other states involved, have remained committed to the Six-Party Talks and other multilateral approaches to dealing with North Korea’s nuclear programmes and additional related security concerns. Japan for one has worked hard to back the US efforts to push forward the Six-Party Talks process, even though it has been constrained to some extent in its active participation by domestic pressures over the issue of the abduction of Japanese citizens (rachi jiken).
Flow cytometric analysis of primary cervical and vulvar carcinomas and their metastases. (1989)

In a series of 25 patients with cervical carcinoma and 35 patients with vulvar carcinoma, clinically classified (FIGO) as Stage I and Ib, respectively, DNA ploidy and S-phase cell fraction were estimated in paraffin-embedded samples of the primary tumors and their metastases by means of flow cytometry (FCM). The two groups of patients were selected cases in whom lymph nodes removed at radical operation were histopathologically verified as metastatic ones. Prevailing part of primary tumors of both anatomic sites had diploid DNA content and low S-phase fraction. Irrespective of the DNA content and low proliferative activity the early stage carcinomas behaved aggressively as indicated by the presence of metastases, the DNA content of which corresponded in most of the cases with that of primary tumor. It appears that prediction of the tumor growth based only on cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters may be connected with difficulties.