gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Time Optimisation of Centroidal Momentum Dynamics (2017)

Recently, the centroidal momentum dynamics has received substantial attention to plan dynamically consistent motions for robots with arms and legs in multi-contact scenarios. However, it is also non convex which renders any optimization approach difficult and timing is usually kept fixed in most trajectory optimization techniques to not introduce additional non convexities to the problem. But this can limit the versatility of the algorithms. In our previous work, we proposed a convex relaxation of the problem that allowed to efficiently compute momentum trajectories and contact forces. However, our approach could not minimize a desired angular momentum objective which seriously limited its applicability. Noticing that the non-convexity introduced by the time variables is of similar nature as the centroidal dynamics one, we propose two convex relaxations to the problem based on trust regions and soft constraints. The resulting approaches can compute time-optimized dynamically consistent trajectories sufficiently fast to make the approach realtime capable. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated in several multi-contact scenarios for a humanoid robot. In particular, we show that the proposed convex relaxation of the original problem finds solutions that are consistent with the original non-convex problem and illustrate how timing optimization allows to find motion plans that would be difficult to plan with fixed timing.
Some Observations on Imposters in Albanian (2014)

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of imposter DPs in Albanian. Notable properties of this class of nominal expressions in this language bear on agreement patterns (such as the fact that both singular and plural imposters exhibit both first/second and third person verbal agreement), on the need for more granular distinctions within this class of expressions, as well as on the fact that information structure interferes with antecedence and/or binding relations, as seen through the interaction of clitic doubling and epithets in constructions with imposters.
Type 2 Intramolecular Nitroso Diels−Alder Reaction. Synthesis and Structure of Bridgehead Oxazinolactams (2000)

[reaction--see text] The type 2 intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition utilizing N-acylnitroso dienophiles provides an efficient entry into bridged oxazinolactams. In contrast to the bimolecular counterpart, the reaction is completely regioselective. Structural characterization of the cycloadducts allows for evaluation of the olefin distortion and the degree of pyramidalization of the bridgehead oxazinolactam.
Optimization of Babesia bovis transfection methods. (2007)

The tick borne Babesia parasites remain an important limitation for development of cattle industries worldwide. A stable transfection of Babesia bovis will be useful for functional analysis of the recently sequenced B. bovis genome and to design improved methods to control Babesia infections. In this study, we describe a novel system for nucleofection of B. bovis infected erythrocytes and we optimize methods to introduce plasmids encoding the luciferase reporter gene into Babesia infected erythrocytes or free merozoites using either a BioRad GenePulser II electroporation system or nucleofection technology (Amaxa) A comparative study among four different transfection methods: transfection of infected erythrocytes and purified merozoites with 2 or 100 microg of plasmid, using electroporation (BioRad GenePulser II) or nucleofection (Amaxa) indicates that electroporation of infected erythrocytes with 100 microg of plasmid or nucleofection with 2 microg of plasmid are the most efficient ways to transfect B. bovis parasites. The data also indicate that nucleofection is more efficient than electroporation for transfecting small quantities of plasmids (2 microg range), whereas the inverse is true for transfection of larger quantities (100 microg range). This information will facilitate further development of efficient stable transfection systems.
Plant‐ and Fish‐Derived n‐3 PUFAs Suppress Citrobacter Rodentium–Induced Colonic Inflammation (2020)

Plant and fish n-3 PUFAs attenuate colitis-induced inflammation while exhibiting characteristic pro-resolving lipid mediator metabolomes. Plant oils additionally promote microbial diversity.
Can cytogenetics explain the possible association between exposure to extreme low‐frequency magnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease? (2011)

Recently, a number of epidemiological studies have suggested that occupational as well as residential exposure to extreme low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. This is not proven yet and there are no known biological mechanisms to explain this alleged association. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a number of events that have, at least partially, a genetic origin. In particular, trisomy of chromosomes 17 and 21 seems to be involved. Overall ELF-EMFs have not been identified as genotoxic agents, but there are some papers in the scientific literature that indicate that they may enhance the effects of agents that are known to induce mutations or tumors. There are also some indications that ELF-EMFs may induce aneuploïdy. This opens some perspectives for investigating the alleged association between ELF-EMFs and Alzheimer's. This paper reviews the possibility of a cytogenetic association between the electromagnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease.
Synthétiseur d'Impulsions Ultra-Large Bande à Enveloppe Échantillonnée-bloquée en technologie CMOS 28 nm (2022)

International audience
On Fairness Optimization for NOMA-Enabled Multi-Beam Satellite Systems (2019)

In a multi-beam satellite communication system, traffic requests are typically asymmetric across beams and highly heterogeneous among terminals. In practical operations, it is important to achieve a good match between the offered and requested traffic, i.e., to improve the performance of Offered Capacity to requested Traffic Ratio (OCTR). Due to satellites’ payload constraints and limited flexibilities, it is a challenging task for resource optimization. In this paper, we tackle this issue by formulating a max-min resource allocation problem, taking fairness into account such that the lowest OCTR can be maximized. To exploit the potential synergies, we introduce Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) to enable aggressive frequency reuse and mitigate intra-beam interference. Although NOMA has proven its capabilities in improving throughput and fairness in 5G terrestrial networks, for multi-beam satellite systems it is unclear if NOMA can help to enhance the OCTR performance, and hence is worth quantifying how much gain it can bring. To solve the problem, we design a suboptimal algorithm to firstly decompose the original problem into multiple convex subproblems by fixing power allocation for each beam, and secondly adjust beam power to improve the minimum OCTR in iterations. Numerical results show the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the superiority of the proposed NOMA scheme in max-min OCTR.
Coherent Nonlinear Scattering of Energetic Electrons in the Process of Whistler-Mode Chorus Generation (2009)

Cyclotron resonant wave-particle interaction of whistler mode chorus emissions drives pitch angle scatterings of a wide range of energetic electrons in the magnetosphere. We study a coherent scattering process associated with generation of the whistler mode rising chorus emissions near the geomagnetic equator in a self-consistent electromagnetic full-particle simulation. The simulation shows that coherent whistler mode rising chorus emissions scatter energetic electrons very effectively through formation of an electromagnetic electron hole. The nonlinear interaction induces acceleration of resonant electrons trapped by the wave and deceleration of untrapped resonant electrons. When the frequency of a rising chorus element continuously increases in time from lower frequencies to higher frequencies, the parallel resonant velocity continuously decreases toward lower-velocity ranges resulting in significant scattering of resonant electrons. The lower limit of resonant parallel velocity is determined by the upper frequency limit of the rising chorus element. The unscattered electrons with low parallel velocities and the accelerated resonant electrons trapped by the wave result in the distribution clearly peaked at 90°. Successive generation of rising chorus elements can scatter resonant electrons in the same resonance velocity range. The repeated scatterings make the distribution much sharper at 90°, leading to formation of a pancake distribution function as observed in the inner magnetosphere.
Acceleration of human lymphocyte activation after preliminary culture. (1978)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which are precultured in tissue culture medium containing 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) have markedly augmented reactivity to a suboptimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The augmentation of response is due in part to an acceleration of lymphocyte activation. Precultured cells also respond in an accelerated manner to allogeneic cells. The augmentation is apparent after 24 hr of preliminary culture, and reaches a maximum at 4 to 7 days. Kinetic studies of the culturally augmented PHA response indicate that an increased number of reactive lymphocytes rather than an increased rate of proliferation accounts for the effect. Adding fresh cells to the precultured cells does not suppress their augmented response. When human serum is substituted for FCS in the preliminary culture, the augmentation of response does not occur. Serum-mixing experiments indicate a suppressive effect of human serum. These studies may be relevant for understanding immunologic mechanisms related to transplantation and autoimmunity.
NMDA receptor antagonists decrease GABA outflow from the septum and increase acetylcholine outflow from the hippocampus: a microdialysis study (1994)

The modulation of the septohippocampal cholinergic pathway by glutamatergic or GABAergic inputs was studied by monitoring the outflow of ACh collected via a transversal microdialysis probe implanted into the hippocampus and other brain areas of freely moving rats. In one set of experiments a transversal microdialysis membrane was inserted in the dorsal hippocampus, drugs were administered intracerebroventricularly through a cannula implanted in the lateral ventricle, and ACh outflow in the dialysate was measured by an HPLC method with an electrochemical detector. The dialysis membrane was usually perfused with Ringer's solution containing 7 microM physostigmine sulfate. Intracerebroventricular injections of the NMDA antagonists 3-((RS)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP; 1-50 nmol), MK801 (0.5-20 nmol), and D(-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (100 nmol) brought about an increase in hippocampal ACh outflow while the non-NMDA antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (0.25-20 nmol) was without effect. The increase in ACh outflow following CPP administration was dose dependent and reached a maximum of about 500%. It was abolished by TTX (0.5 microM) delivered locally to the hippocampus via the dialysis membrane and prevented by intracerebroventricular injection of the GABA agonist muscimol (5 nmol). In a second set of experiments, one microdialysis membrane was inserted in the dorsal hippocampus to detect ACh outflow and another in the septum to administer drugs locally and at the same time detect septal GABA outflow. The septal dialysis membrane was perfused with Ringer's solution without physostigmine, and GABA levels in the dialysate were measured by an HPLC method with a fluorescence detector. CPP (100 microM) perfused through the septum resulted in a decrease in septal GABA outflow and a concomitant increase in hippocampal ACh outflow. Muscimol (100 microM) administration into the septum abolished the effect of CPP on hippocampal ACh outflow but did not affect septal GABA outflow. These results demonstrate that in the septum NMDA receptors tonically activate GABAergic neurons which in turn inhibit the cholinergic septohippocampal neurons.
S-adenosylmethionine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression via modulation of histone methylation (2008)

The mechanism of SAMe's pharmacologic inhibitory effect on proinflammatory mediators is mainly mediated by MTA and SAH at the level of histone methylation.
Broadband transparent periodic acoustic structures (2013)

The creation of acoustically transparent materials is of interest for enhanced energy focusing in metamaterial lenses, vibration isolation and structure concealment in underwater environments. It has previously been shown that metal pentamode metamaterials may provide water like behavior yet retain enough shear to provide structural stability. This is achieved through a periodic lattice with sub-wavelength cells. The current talk presents a study on the simulated and experimental behavior of other structural materials that operate similar to pentamode composites, which exhibit transparency in underwater conditions. Specifically, we examine a two-dimensional design composed of a honeycomb arrangement of fluid inclusions in a solid polymer background. Materials, designs and simulations are supported through both band structure calculations and transmission modeling of finite slabs of the device. Experiments are performed in a water-filled test tank and broad frequency behavior is examined. [Work supported by ONR.]
A long-life lithium-ion battery with a highly porous TiNb2O7 anode for large-scale electrical energy storage (2014)

A TiNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> material with a nanoporous structure was prepared by a facile approach and can be used as an anode with excellent rate and cycling performance for long-life stationary lithium-ion batteries.
Sex-specific Regulation of ENaC and Androgen Receptor in Female Rat Kidney (2009)

With the beginning of puberty blood pressure increases and is persistently higher in men than in premenopausal women. Sex steroids are known to have complex effects on the renal and cardiovascular system and are involved in blood pressure regulation. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) modulates sodium reabsorption in the kidney, but little is known about sex-specific regulation of ENaC subunit expression. Regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) is known to be tissue-specific and age-dependent, but not well studied in the kidney. We investigated the effects of sex steroids on ENaC subunits and renal AR expression in an in vivo rat model. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were treated with placebo, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) for 14 days, and quantitative PCR and Western immunoblots were performed. DHT significantly decreased expression of all ENaC subunits in female rats, whereas testosterone showed only a trend to lower ENaC expression. These results are in contrast to previous studies where stimulating effects of androgens on the alpha-subunit of ENaC were seen. AR mRNA expression showed a trend to lower levels in females after testosterone treatment in this study. However, estrogen treatment significantly downregulated AR mRNA expression. In male control animals we were able to show a significantly increased expression of AR mRNA upon testosterone treatment. Our data demonstrate that AR and ENaC are regulated by sex steroids. That way sex steroids might modulate renal sodium reabsorption and therefore provide a possible explanation for sex differences in blood pressure.
Pressure-Induced Melting of Confined Ice (2017)

The classic regelation experiment of Thomson in the 1850s deals with cutting an ice cube, followed by refreezing. The cutting was attributed to pressure-induced melting but has been challenged continuously, and only lately consensus emerged by understanding that compression shortens the O:H nonbond and lengthens the H-O bond simultaneously. This H-O elongation leads to energy loss and lowers the melting point. The hot debate survived well over 150 years, mainly due to a poorly defined heat exchange with the environment in the experiment. In our current experiment, we achieved thermal isolation from the environment and studied the fully reversible ice-liquid water transition for water confined between graphene and muscovite mica. We observe a transition from two-dimensional (2D) ice into a quasi-liquid phase by applying a pressure exerted by an atomic force microscopy tip. At room temperature, the critical pressure amounts to about 6 GPa. The transition is completely reversible: refreezing occurs when the applied pressure is lifted. The critical pressure to melt the 2D ice decreases with temperature, and we measured the phase coexistence line between 293 and 333 K. From a Clausius-Clapeyron analysis, we determine the latent heat of fusion of two-dimensional ice at 0.15 eV/molecule, being twice as large as that of bulk ice.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enamines and Imines (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTTransition Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enamines and IminesJian-Hua Xie, Shou-Fei Zhu, and Qi-Lin Zhou*View Author Information State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3, 1713–1760Publication Date (Web):December 17, 2010Publication History Received13 July 2010Published online17 December 2010Published inissue 9 March 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100218mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100218mreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20001Altmetric-Citations986LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Catalysts,Hydrogenation,Ligands,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
L’autophagie au cours des maladies du foie (2011)

L’autophagie, ou autodigestion, est un processus essentiel au developpement, a la differentiation, a la survie et a l’homeostasie. Son role au cours des hepatopathies a, pour la premiere fois, ete evoque il y a une dizaine d’annees. Depuis, de nombreuses etudes ont montre son implication dans des champs majeurs de l’hepatologie. Au cours de l’ischemie-reperfusion, l’autophagie a principalement une fonction pro-survie permettant a la cellule de faire face a la depletion en nutriments et a l’anoxie. Au cours des hepatites virales B et C, l’autophagie est augmentee mais detournee par les virus qui utilisent cette machinerie pour leur propre replication. Dans le carcinome hepatocellulaire, le niveau d’autophagie est bas. L’autophagie a en effet un role antitumoral et des strategies therapeutiques augmentant l’autophagie, comme la rapamycine, permettent d’ameliorer la survie des malades transplantes pour carcinome hepatocellulaire. De plus, le niveau de la proteine beclin-1 dans le carcinome hepatocellulaire a une valeur pronostique. Au cours du deficit en α-1 antitrypsine, la proteine anormale ATZ s’accumule dans le reticulum endoplasmique. Cela active une reponse autophagique visant a degrader la proteine ATZ. Activer l’autophagie chez ces malades, par exemple par la carbamazepine, est une voie therapeutique envisagee. La consommation d’alcool abaisse le niveau d’autophagie dans les cellules hepatiques probablement en raison de la baisse des taux intracellulaires d’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPk) et/ou de l’alteration du transport des vesicules intracellulaires induites par l’alcool. Cette diminution de l’autophagie contribue a la formation des corps de Mallory et a la mort des cellules hepatiques. En conclusion, l’autophagie joue un role majeur dans les maladies du foie par des mecanismes tres varies. Cette voie offre de nouvelles opportunites therapeutiques.
Translation initiation with 70S ribosomes: an alternative pathway for leaderless mRNAs (2004)

It is generally accepted that translation in bacteria is initiated by 30S ribosomal subunits. In contrast, several lines of rather indirect in vitro evidence suggest that 70S monosomes are capable of initiating translation of leaderless mRNAs, starting with the A of the initiation codon. In this study, we demonstrate the proficiency of dedicated 70S ribosomes in in vitro translation of leaderless mRNAs. In support, we show that a natural leaderless mRNA can be translated with crosslinked 70S wild-type ribosomes. Moreover, we report that leaderless mRNA translation continues under conditions where the prevalence of 70S ribosomes is created in vivo, and where translation of bulk mRNA ceases. These studies provide in vivo as well as direct in vitro evidence for a 70S initiation pathway of a naturally occurring leaderless mRNA, and are discussed in light of their significance for bacterial growth under adverse conditions and their evolutionary implications for translation.
Recovery of Flash Gas from Storage Tanks at an Offshore Production Platform Using Scroll Compression Technology (2010)

Abstract A major independent oil and gas producer (Producer) with operations located on the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico had several facilities damaged by Hurricane Ike. As a part of restoring operations, one of the offshore platforms was refurbished. The refurbishment included upgrading the production train to handle additional oil and gas production from other nearby production platforms. The additional production to the platform required a vapor recovery system to recover facility flash gas. The project team chose the scroll compressor vapor recovery unit (VRU) to recover and recompress the flash gas. The project was the first application of scroll compression technology for vapor recovery in an offshore environment. The Producer installed the VRU allowing the facility to recover flash gas from the oil storage tanks and excess unused flash gas from the oil treater. The average volume recovered was approximately 58,000 standard cubic feet of natural gas per day during the initial phase of the project. The methane content of the recovered natural gas was approximately 69 percent by volume. The estimated methane recovered was 0.84 US tons per day and the estimated recovery of greenhouse gases were 17.6 US tons per day CO2e. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) recovered were 1.0 US tons per day. The scroll compressor VRU met the regulatory requirements of the U.S. Minerals Management Service's flaring and venting regulations. The projected payout was 15 months (simple payout). The significance of this project includes: First use of scroll compression technology in an offshore applicationSmall physical footprint of unit important to offshore operations with limited spaceScroll technology requires less maintenance than typical mechanical compressorsLower initial costs and lower operating costs enhance economics of recoveryRecovered flash gas that contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and methane, a greenhouse gas