gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward dynamic lumbar punctures guidance based on single element synthetic tracked aperture ultrasound imaging (2017)

Lumbar punctures (LPs) are interventional procedures used to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a bodily fluid needed to diagnose central nervous system disorders. Most lumbar punctures are performed blindly without imaging guidance. Because the target window is small, physicians can only accurately palpate the appropriate space about 30% of the time and perform a successful procedure after an average of three attempts. Although various forms of imaging based guidance systems have been developed to aid in this procedure, these systems complicate the procedure by including independent image modalities and requiring image-to-needle registration to guide the needle insertion. Here, we propose a simple and direct needle insertion platform utilizing a single ultrasound element within the needle through dynamic sensing and imaging. The needle-shaped ultrasound transducer can not only sense the distance between the tip and a potential obstacle such as bone, but also visually locate structures by combining transducer location tracking and back projection based tracked synthetic aperture beam-forming algorithm. The concept of the system was validated through simulation first, which revealed the tolerance to realistic error. Then, the initial prototype of the single element transducer was built into a 14G needle, and was mounted on a holster equipped with a rotation tracking encoder. We experimentally evaluated the system using a metal wire phantom mimicking high reflection bone structures and an actual spine bone phantom with both the controlled motion and freehand scanning. An ultrasound image corresponding to the model phantom structure was reconstructed using the beam-forming algorithm, and the resolution was improved compared to without beam-forming. These results demonstrated the proposed system has the potential to be used as an ultrasound imaging system for lumbar puncture procedures.
Decolonization of intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae with oral colistin and neomycin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2013)

The regimen used in this study temporarily suppressed ESBL-E carriage, but had no long-term effect.
Simulation-Based Team Leadership Training Improves Team Leadership During Actual Trauma Resuscitations: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019)

Leadership training resulted in the transfer of complex skills to the clinical environment and may have an indirect effect on patient care through better team leadership.
IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF WRIGHTIA TINCTORIA (ROXB.) R. BR. (2012)

An in-vitro antimicrobial study was done using methanolic and petroleum ether extracts from the leaves of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. BauerKirby (disc diffusion) and broth dilution methods were employed for the assessment of antimicrobial activity against 14 microorganisms. Methanolic extract of Wrightia tinctoria leaves showed significant antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (36.0mm), Staphylococcus aureus (27.2mm), Candida albicans (25.0mm), S.epidermidis (23.2mm) and Bacillus subtilis (20.2mm), whereas petroleum ether leaves extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against S.aureus (25.0mm), C.neoformans (21.8mm), S.epidermidis (18.5mm) and C.albicans (16.0mm) were observed. According to broth dilution method, the methanolic extract of plant material showed the MIC values against C.neoformans (256µg/ml), S.aureus and C.albicans (512µg/ml) respectively. Whereas, the petroleum ether extract of Wrightia tinctoria showed the MIC values against S.aureus and C.neoformans (512µg/ml) and S.epidermidis and C.albicans (1,024µg/ml) with a significant inhibitory activity. The present result revealed that methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Wrightia tinctoria possesses both antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Absence of 2′‐deoxyguanosine‐carbon 8‐bound ochratoxin A adduct in rat kidney DNA monitored by isotope dilution LC‐MS/MS (2008)

The contribution of DNA adduct formation in the carcinogenic action of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been subject to much debate. Recently, a carbon-bonded ochratoxin A-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct (dGuoOTA) formed by photochemical reaction in vitro has been shown by 32P-postlabeling/TLC to comigrate with a spot detected in DNA isolated from rat and pig kidney following exposure to OTA. Considering the large body of evidence arguing against covalent DNA binding of OTA and the poor resolution and specificity of postlabeling analysis, we developed a stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method to analyze dGuoOTA in kidney DNA isolated from rats treated with OTA. dGuoOTA and nitrogen-15-labeled dGuoOTA (15N(5)-dGuoOTA) were prepared by photoirradiation of OTA in the presence of dGuo or nitrogen-15-labeled dGuo. Conditions for DNA hydrolysis were optimized using a synthetic oligonucleotide containing dGuoOTA to ensure complete release of dGuoOTA. The LOD of the method (S/N > 3) was 10 fmol dGuoOTA on-column. However, dGuoOTA was not detected in DNA samples isolated from male F344 rats treated with OTA for up to 90 days at doses known to cause renal tumor formation. Detection limits, calculated for each individual sample based on the absolute LOD and the amount of DNA injected, were as low as 3.5 dGuoOTA/10(9) nucleotides. These data are consistent with previous results showing lack of DNA adduct formation by OTA and demonstrate that dGuoOTA is not formed in biologically relevant amounts under physiological conditions in vivo.
Putting the Rit in cellular resistance (2013)

Cells mobilize diverse signaling pathways to protect against stress-mediated injury. Ras family GTPases play critical roles in this process, controlling the activation and integration of multiple regulatory cascades. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling serves as a critical fulcrum in this process, regulating networks that stimulate cellular apoptosis but also promote cell survival. However, this functional dichotomy is incompletely understood, particularly regulation of p38-dependent survival. Here, we discuss our recent evidence that the Rit GTPase associates with and is required for stress-mediated activation of a scaffolded p38-MK2-HSP27-Akt pro-survival signaling cascade. Drosophila lacking D-Ric, a Rit homologue, are susceptible to a variety of environmental stresses, while embryonic fibroblasts derived from Rit knockout mice display blunted stress-dependent signaling and decreased viability. Conversely, expression of constitutively active Rit triggers p38-Akt-dependent cell survival. Together, our studies establish Rit as the central regulator of an evolutionarily conserved, p38-dependent signaling cascade that functions as a critical survival mechanism in response to stress.
Operations of a non-stellar object tracker in space (1999)

The ability to detect and track non-stellar objects by utilizing a star tracker may seem rather straight forward, as any bright object, not recognized as a star by the system is a non stellar object. However, several pitfalls and errors exist, if a reliable and robust detection is required. To test the operation, performance and robustness of such a function, the Autonomous Vision System (AVS), a fully autonomous star tracker that has flown onboard the Teamsat was equipped with several advanced features. These features included a non-stellar object detection and tracking module and an image and science data compression module. This paper describes the AVS, sensitivity, and possible detection ranges for various objects. The general description is followed by examples of images and tracking series obtained by the AVS on Teamsat.
Designing and Creating a Synthetic Omega Oxidation Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enables Production of Medium-Chain α, ω-Dicarboxylic Acids (2017)

Medium-chain (C8-C14) α, ω-dicarboxylic acids (α, ω-DCAs), which have numerous applications as raw materials for producing various commodities and polymers in chemical industry, are mainly produced from chemical or microbial conversion of petroleum-derived alkanes or plant-derived fatty acids at present. Recently, significant attention has been gained to microbial production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from simple renewable sugars. Here, we designed and created a synthetic omega oxidation pathway in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to produce C10 and C12 α, ω-DCAs from renewable sugars and fatty acids by introducing a heterogeneous cytochrome P450 CYP94C1 and cytochrome reductase ATR1. Furthermore, the deletion of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase genes <i>FAA1</i> and <i>FAA4</i> increased the production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from 4.690 ± 0.088 mg/L to 12.177 ± 0.420 mg/L and enabled the production of C14 and C16 α, ω-DCAs at low percentage. But blocking β-oxidation pathway by deleting fatty-acyl coenzyme A oxidase gene <i>POX1</i> and overexpressing different thioesterase genes had no significant impact on the production and the composition of α, ω-dicarboxylic acids. Overall, our study indicated the potential of microbial production of medium-chain α, ω-DCAs from renewable feedstocks using engineered yeast.
Smooth Modified Surfaces of Silicon for the Study of Ionic Liquid Interfaces by Neutron Reflectometry (2022)

Silicon surfaces with termination of hydrogen (H–Si), quartz, native silicon (native-Si), and chemically deposited (Au–Si)cd and sputtered gold (Au–Si)s were fabricated with roughness less than 6 Å to study the solid–liquid interface of the ionic liquid (IL) methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [N1888][TFSI], by neutron reflectometry (NR). The modifications made to the silicon surface were to obtain a native positive or negative charge similar to a charged surface in electrochemical systems. The differences in scattering length density (SLD) based on mass density and composition of IL were examined. Perpendicular to the substrate surface, a distinct transition between the first ion layer and the bulk liquid is resolved out of the reflectivity data for the gold surfaces and in particular the chemically deposited Au–Si. Other interfaces are best described by a diffuse transition between regions of different SLDs. The diffuse transitions between SLDs observed here suggest that the interfacial structure of IL, while ordered, is best described by a continuous variation in composition as opposed to distinct layers of ions.
Analyses and Methods of Solid Rocket Motor Material Irradiation at Marshall Space Flight Center (2019)

The search for life on other worlds is among humanity’s greatest endeavors. Europa represents the most probable location to discover extraterrestrial life in our solar system, owing to its surface composition of ice covering a liquid water ocean, warmed by the tidal forces of its orbit around Jupiter. Unfortunately, the Jovian system hosts the most intense planetary radiation environment in the solar system due to the charged particles, namely electrons and protons, trapped by Jupiter’s immense magnetic field. Any mission that attempts to approach or land on Europa must survive this radiation environment [Hand et al, 2017]. Radiation effects were identified as a priority risk to the successful development of a de-orbit stage and solid rocket motor (SRM) early in the Europa Lander De-orbit Stage project concept. The effects of primary concern tend to occur very near the outer surface of the SRM. The charged particles deposit their energy quickly and are mostly stopped in the outer metallic case, but a significant portion of radiation penetrates through the bondline and outer propellant regions. High doses of ionizing radiation are known to cause significant changes to mechanical properties of many materials, especially polymers. For polymers such as the rubber-like materials (elastomers) in a solid rocket motor, the primary damage mechanism is known as cross-linking, in which ionization causes the restructuring of the matrix of long polymer chains. Ionization energy breaks the long polymer chains and allows formation of new cross-linked bonding sites. This hardens and often strengthens the polymer, but at the cost of decreased flexibility (or modulus). Propellant, insulation, liner, and pyrotechnic materials were identified as higher risk items, and so were irradiated at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for investigation of changes in mechanical and ballistic properties. This process required significant levels of analysis to evaluate how the radiation environment evolves within the spacecraft during the mission, and also to evaluate how dose is delivered into test articles within the irradiating facilities.
Quantifying the effects of hydrogen on carbon assimilation in a seafloor microbial community associated with ultramafic rocks (2021)

Thermodynamic models predict that H<sub>2</sub> is energetically favorable for seafloor microbial life, but how H<sub>2</sub> affects anabolic processes in seafloor-associated communities is poorly understood. Here, we used quantitative <sup>13</sup>C DNA stable isotope probing (qSIP) to quantify the effect of H<sub>2</sub> on carbon assimilation by microbial taxa synthesizing <sup>13</sup>C-labeled DNA that are associated with partially serpentinized peridotite rocks from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The rock-hosted seafloor community was an order of magnitude more diverse compared to the seawater community directly above the rocks. With added H<sub>2</sub>, peridotite-associated taxa increased assimilation of <sup>13</sup>C-bicarbonate and <sup>13</sup>C-acetate into 16S rRNA genes of operational taxonomic units by 146% (±29%) and 55% (±34%), respectively, which correlated with enrichment of H<sub>2</sub>-oxidizing NiFe-hydrogenases encoded in peridotite-associated metagenomes. The effect of H<sub>2</sub> on anabolism was phylogenetically organized, with taxa affiliated with Atribacteria, Nitrospira, and Thaumarchaeota exhibiting the most significant increases in <sup>13</sup>C-substrate assimilation in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>. In SIP incubations with added H<sub>2</sub>, an order of magnitude higher number of peridotite rock-associated taxa assimilated <sup>13</sup>C-bicarbonate, <sup>13</sup>C-acetate, and <sup>13</sup>C-formate compared to taxa that were not associated with peridotites. Collectively, these findings indicate that the unique geochemical nature of the peridotite-hosted ecosystem has selected for H<sub>2</sub>-metabolizing, rock-associated taxa that can increase anabolism under high H<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Because ultramafic rocks are widespread in slow-, and ultraslow-spreading oceanic lithosphere, continental margins, and subduction zones where H<sub>2</sub> is formed in copious amounts, the link between H<sub>2</sub> and carbon assimilation demonstrated here may be widespread within these geological settings.
Private Overlay of Enterprise Social Data and Interactions in the Public Web Context (2013)

We describe our project, living-content, that creates a private overlay of enterprise social data and interactions on public websites via a browser extension and HTML5. It enables starting collaboration from and storing private interactions in the context of web pages. It addresses issues such as la
Malondialdehyde-Modified Photoreceptor Outer Segments Promote Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice (2022)

This study expands the understanding of the role of MDA in AMD pathogenesis, which provides a potential therapeutic target of AMD.
RyanSpeech: A Corpus for Conversational Text-to-Speech Synthesis (2021)

This paper introduces RyanSpeech, a new speech corpus for research on automated text-to-speech (TTS) systems. Publicly available TTS corpora are often noisy, recorded with multiple speakers, or lack quality male speech data. In order to meet the need for a high quality, publicly available male speech corpus within the field of speech recognition, we have designed and created RyanSpeech which contains textual materials from real-world conversational settings. These materials contain over 10 hours of a professional male voice actor's speech recorded at 44.1 kHz. This corpus's design and pipeline make RyanSpeech ideal for developing TTS systems in real-world applications. To provide a baseline for future research, protocols, and benchmarks, we trained 4 state-of-the-art speech models and a vocoder on RyanSpeech. The results show 3.36 in mean opinion scores (MOS) in our best model. We have made both the corpus and trained models for public use.
Comparison of liver glycosylasparaginases from six vertebrates (1992)

Structural and physical properties of glycosylasparaginase (EC 3.5.1.26) from the livers of human, pig, cow, rat, mouse and chicken were compared. The enzyme in all species had a common basic structure of two N-glycosylated subunits of about 24 (alpha) and 20 (beta) kDa joined by non-covalent forces. Subunit-specific antisera against the rat glycosylasparaginase bound specifically and sensitively to the corresponding subunits from all species. Identity of 80% of the amino acids was found between the N-terminal sequences of corresponding pig and rat glycosylasparaginase alpha- and beta-subunits and the deduced sequence from a human glycosylasparaginase cDNA [Fisher, Tollersrud & Aronson (1990) FEBS Lett. 269, 440-444]. The beta-subunit from all three species has an N-terminal threonine reported to be involved in the reaction mechanism for the human enzyme [Kaartinen, Williams, Tomich, Yates, Hood & Mononen (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 5860-5869]. The native enzyme appeared as a heterodimer among the mammals, whereas the chicken enzyme had a greater molecular mass and is probably either a tetramer or a heterodimer bound to an unrelated peptide(s). All glycosylasparaginases were thermostable, requiring temperatures between 65 degrees C and 80 degrees C to be irreversibly inactivated. In addition, they were unusually stable at high pH and remained active in the presence of SDS except at low pH. The pH maximum was between 5.5 and 6 except for the rat and mouse enzymes which had a broad maximum between pH 7 and 8. A number of other properties were observed which also distinguish the enzyme from individual and closely related species.
Inhibitory effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from edible red alga Bangia fusco-purpurea on α-amylase and α-glucosidase (2019)

In this study, a sulfated polysaccharide (BFP) was isolated from the edible red alga <i>Bangia fusco-purpurea</i>. Gel-filtration and thin layer chromatographically analyses suggested that BFP was a homogenous polysaccharide. The chemical structural analysis revealed that BFP mainly consisted of galactose together with a small amount of uronic acid, mannose, and glucose. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 133.18 kDa by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. BFP inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of BFP against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were estimated to be 1.26 ± 0.11 mg/mL and 1.34 ± 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. Kinetic analyses suggested that BFP showed competitive and non-competitive inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Circular dichroism spectral and fluorescence spectral analyses suggested that BFP affects the conformational structures of these enzymes, which may lead to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities. <b>Abbreviations:</b> Ara: D-arabinose; AnGal: anhydro-L-galactose residues; CD spectroscopy: Circular Dichroism spectroscopy; DNS: dinitrosalicylic acid; FT-IR: fourier transform infrared spectra; Fuc: L-fucose; Gal: D-galactose; Glc: D-glucose; GlcA: D-Glucuronic acid; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; Man: D-mannose; pNPG: p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TLC: thin-layer chromatography; PMP: 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; Xyl: D-xylose.
Bakers' Yeast Reduction of γ and δ Ketonitriles: Intermediates for the Synthesis of (S)-5-Hexanolide and Other Chiral Lactones (1991)

Abstract A number of γ and δ ketonitriles have been synthesized and their reduction with bakers yeast carefully studied. Both 4-oxopentanenitrile and 5-oxohexanenitrile are reduced in moderate yields to the corresponding (S) alcohols of high ee while other substrates gave products of varying optical purities. These alcohols are useful intermediates for the preparation of chiral lactones, including the synthetically important (S)(−)-4-methylbutyrolactone and (S)-(−)-5-hexanolide.
Status of the AWE Hydrus IVA fabrication (2011)

The ten-module Hydrus Induction Voltage Adder, designed by L3 Communications - Pulse Sciences Division for AWE, builds on previous IVA experience in the US. Each of the ten modules comprises a 1.4 MV induction cell driven by a laser triggered gas switched Pulse Forming Line (PFL) in order to provide nanosecond order synchronisation, and hence excellent pulse reproducibility. The PFLs are charged by a single Marx through an oil-insulated transmission line. The outputs of the cells are added along a 22 metre long 80 ohm MITL to deliver an 11 MV forward going wave to the e-beam diode. The accelerator will be used for flash radiography by AWE utilising a Self Magnetic Pinch diode as the radiographic source. This diode operates at approximately 40 Ohms with the result that retrapping of the MITL sheath current occurs, reducing the diode voltage to ~ 7.5 MV, but increasing the load current to 200 kA. The detailed PFL design was previously prototyped and has been chosen to tailor the output pulse to compensate for the SMP diode's intra pulse impedance reduction and hence generate a relatively constant voltage during generation of the X-ray flash. The components of the Hydrus IVA are approaching completion at L3 Pulse Sciences at San Leandro, CA. All parts of the IVA are being procured by L-3 PS and delivered to San Leandro for subassembly. The major IVA subassemblies being fabricated comprise the Marx, oil line, PFL, cell, and stalk. Ancillary systems being fabricated comprise the control software, vacuum, water processing, oil processing, magnetic core reset, gas processing, data acquisition, and power supply. Subassemblies and subsystems are subject to a variety of QA tests which include high voltage testing of the Marx and its trigger, and a first-article PFL driving both a dummy load and a first-article cell. The status of the in-progress fabrication and QA testing for each of the major subsystems is described in this paper. The complete system will not be assembled and tested in the US. All components of the IVA are to be delivered as subassemblies to AWE in the UK in mid 2012 for assembly and commissioning.