gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4015: Validity of the Combined Efficacy plus Safety Composite Endpoint (Net Clinical Benefit) in TRITON-TIMI 38 (2008)

BACKGROUND: Composite endpoints (CE) are frequently used in clinical trials for parsimonious summarization of treatment effects. The construction of the CE is generally based on the premise that each component endpoint is interchangeable. However, for this assumption to be valid, each component should be of equal or comparable clinical importance, occur with similar frequency, and be equally responsive to treatment intervention. OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity of the combined efficacy plus safety “quadruple” CE of Net Clinical Benefit utilized in TRITON. METHODS: A hierarchical (excluding double counting) CE analysis was performed using all-cause death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke and TIMI Major or TIMI Major plus Minor bleeding. A formal assessment of heterogeneity was also conducted using the Cochran’s Q and I 2 tests. RESULTS: Figure (top panel) shows a wide variability in the contribution of each component to the CE (death 23%, MI 55%, stroke 7%, major bleeding 15%). There was significant heterogeneity of treatment effect across the components (P=0.0006) with treatment differences primarily attributable to nonfatal MI and bleeding with little or no impact on death or nonfatal stroke. Similar observations are seen with TIMI major plus minor bleeding (bottom panel). CONCLUSIONS: The benefit of prasugrel is driven by nonfatal MI, the most prevalent but arguably not the most important component of the CE. A large gradient in clinical importance, prevalence, and treatment effect across components challenges the validity of “net clinical benefit” CE in TRITON. Furthermore, lack of information about the type of MI prevented precludes an informed benefit-risk assessment.
Monitoring Lipase/Esterase Activity by Stopped Flow in a Sequential Injection Analysis System Using p-Nitrophenyl Butyrate (2015)

Lipases and esterases are biocatalysts used at the laboratory and industrial level. To obtain the maximum yield in a bioprocess, it is important to measure key variables, such as enzymatic activity. The conventional method for monitoring hydrolytic activity is to take out a sample from the bioreactor to be analyzed off-line at the laboratory. The disadvantage of this approach is the long time required to recover the information from the process, hindering the possibility to develop control systems. New strategies to monitor lipase/esterase activity are necessary. In this context and in the first approach, we proposed a lab-made sequential injection analysis system to analyze off-line samples from shake flasks. Lipase/esterase activity was determined using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as the substrate. The sequential injection analysis allowed us to measure the hydrolytic activity from a sample without dilution in a linear range from 0.05-1.60 U/mL, with the capability to reach sample dilutions up to 1000 times, a sampling frequency of five samples/h, with a kinetic reaction of 5 min and a relative standard deviation of 8.75%. The results are promising to monitor lipase/esterase activity in real time, in which optimization and control strategies can be designed.
DETECTION OF IHHN VIRUS IN Penaeus stylirostris AND P. vannamei IMPORTED INTO HAWAII (1983)

ABSTRACT Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHN), a newly recognized virus disease of penaeid shrimp, was found in populations of blue shrimp ( Penaeus stylirostris ) and white shrimp ( P. vannamei ) imported into Hawaii as postlarvae from commercial penaeid hatcheries in Costa Rica and Ecuador. In addition, the disease was detected in populations of post‐larval P. stylirostris imported from commercial and government‐run penaeid hatcheries in Florida and Tahiti, which had obtained all or part of their brood stock from Central or South American sources. IHHN has been found to be a disease of P. monodon as well, but has only been observed in this species when its history has included concurrent culture with stocks of P. stylirostris or P. vannamei. IHHN was found in Hawaii to be a highly lethal disease of juvenile P. stylirostris , frequently resulting in mortality rates that approached 90% of the affected population. Two populations of P. vannamei were shown to carry the disease, but detection of infections or mortalities due to IHHN in P. vannamei were unusual. These findings indicate that IHHN virus was imported into Hawaii with penaeid populations that originated directly or indirectly from South or Central America, and suggest that the virus is now or has been enzootic in penaeid culture facilities that produce P. stylirostris and P. vannamei in that region, and in Florida and Tahiti.
Studium zwischen Planung und Freiheit (2021)

Stock, Hans [Hrsg.]: Hochschuldidaktik. Bericht uber den 7. Padagogischen Hochschultag vom 13. bis 16. Oktober 1968 in Bremen. Weinheim; Berlin; Basel : Beltz 1969, S. 101-119. - (Zeitschrift fur Padagogik, Beiheft; 8)
Padagogische Teildisziplin: Hochschulforschung und Hochschuldidaktik; Bildungsorganisation, Bildungsplanung und Bildungsrecht;
Magnetic tunneling junction based magnetic field sensors: Role of shape anisotropy versus free layer thickness (2011)

Al2O3- and MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors were designed and fabricated using microfabrication techniques. This study revealed that in the case of Al2O3-based sensors, the shape anisotropy in the free NiFe electrode resulted in a linear and hysteresis-free tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) curve. These sensors exhibited TMR values between 27% and 30% and sensitivity up to 0.4%/Oe over a magnetic field range of − 40 to 40 Oe. In the case of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB MTJ sensors, shape anisotropy alone was not sufficient to achieve a linear and hysteresis-free MR response. A superparamagnetic free layer was used to achieve the desired sensor response. MgO-based sensors had about 90% TMR and 1.1%/Oe sensitivity over the same field range as Al2O3-based MTJs.
A 7T-NDR Dual-Supply 28-nm FD-SOI Ultra-Low Power SRAM With 0.23-nW/kB Sleep Retention and 0.8 pJ/32b Access at 64 MHz With Forward Back Bias (2023)

This work presents a 16kB ultra-low power (ULP) SRAM macro in 28nm FD-SOI with high energy efficiency in active mode and ultra-low leakage (ULL) in sleep mode, embedded in the SleepRider micro-controller unit (MCU) intended for IoT edge applications. The proposed SRAM integrates custom 7T ULL bitcells based on negative differential resistance (NDR) structures and a pMOS-only write port, achieving <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> lower area than previous NDR-based bitcells. A dual-supply strategy combined with negative-wordline write-assist concurrently provides worst-case data retention and correct write operations, up to the 64-MHz MCU target frequency. The SRAM macro periphery combines several low-power techniques to extract the full potential of the novel 7T bitcells, reaching an unprecedented speed-energy-leakage optimum with only 2.5% area overhead. Adaptive forward body biasing (FBB) further improves active mode performance while ensuring robustness against PVT variations. Measurement results showcase a minimum energy point of 0.78pJ per 32b access (assuming 50% read/write) at 0.5V and 64MHz. Moreover, leakage power drops from 296nW/kB at 0.5V in idle conditions to 0.23nW/kB in sleep at the 0.46V data retention voltage (DRV), yielding more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1000\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> leakage reduction. As such, the proposed SRAM achieves an excellent trade-off between area, leakage and energy in the 10-to-100MHz frequency range.
Recipient NK cell inactivation and intestinal barrier loss are required for MHC-matched graft-versus-host disease (2014)

Previous studies have shown a correlation between pretransplant conditioning intensity, intestinal barrier loss, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) severity. However, because irradiation and other forms of pretransplant conditioning have pleiotropic effects, the precise role of intestinal barrier loss in GVHD pathogenesis remains unclear. We developed GVHD models that allowed us to isolate the specific contributions of distinct pretransplant variables. Intestinal damage was required for the induction of minor mismatch [major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched] GVHD, but was not necessary for major mismatch GVHD, demonstrating fundamental pathogenic distinctions between these forms of disease. Moreover, recipient natural killer (NK) cells prevented minor mismatch GVHD by limiting expansion and target organ infiltration of alloreactive T cells via a perforin-dependent mechanism, revealing an immunoregulatory function of MHC-matched recipient NK cells in GVHD. Minor mismatch GVHD required MyD88-mediated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling on donor cells, and intestinal damage could be bypassed by parenteral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, indicating a critical role for the influx of bacterial components triggered by intestinal barrier loss. In all, the data demonstrate that pretransplant conditioning plays a dual role in promoting minor mismatch GVHD by both depleting recipient NK cells and inducing intestinal barrier loss.
Indoor Visible Light Positioning with Angle Diversity Transmitter (2015)

A new concept for indoor positioning using visible light communication (VLC) is presented in this paper. The feasibility of uplink localization is verified so that the proposed system can work in conjunction with downlink positioning systems to improve overall localization accuracy. We propose to use an angle diversity transmitter (ADT) associated with accelerometers for uplink three-dimensional localization. Unlike other techniques using VLC for positioning, the proposed system can achieve indoor localization without making assumptions about the height or orientation angle of a mobile user. The received signal strength (RSS) method is used to minimize implementation costs while achieving satisfactory positioning accuracy. Simulation results show that an average localization error of less than 0.15 m can be achieved even when the receiver is tilted by 45°. Also, compared with a single light emitting diode (LED), the ADT is found to be more robust to accelerometer measurement errors.
GMTNIRS: progress toward the Giant Magellan Telescope near-infrared spectrograph (2016)

GMTNIRS is a first-generation instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope. It is a high-resolution spectrograph that will cover the 1.15-5.3 &mu;m range in a single exposure with R=60,000 in the J, H, and K bands and R=85,000 in the L and M bands. It resides on the GMT’s rotating instrument platform and employs the facility adaptive optics system. The GMTNIRS design is evolving in response to emerging science problems, particularly in the area of exoplanet atmospheres. Our design revisions also derive lessons from GMTNIRS’ highly successful forerunner instrument, IGRINS. Technical changes also drive evolution of the design. It has proven impractical to manufacture 200mm long immersion gratings at the necessary precision. The success of primary mirror phasing efforts has removed the need for a very wide entrance slit that we would have needed to accommodate the Airy pattern of individual segments at the shortest operating wavelengths. The high efficiency of our double-side coated JWST grisms introduces the possibility of transmissive cross-dispersers at L and M. These changes move us toward a design with almost the same R as presented in our previous work but with a much more compact physical envelope. We will report on the optimization of the instrument design with these technical changes in mind. We are also producing the critical Si immersion gratings. The grating production is well under way and includes manufacture of H and K gratings and process development for the precision needed in the J band and for the manufacture of larger gratings for the L and M band. The development of GMTNIRS is on track with the results from IGRINS and the progress in the lab giving us substantial assurance that the new instrument can meet its performance goals.
A Barrier to Defend - Models of Pulmonary Barrier to Study Acute Inflammatory Diseases (2022)

Pulmonary diseases represent four out of ten most common causes for worldwide mortality. Thus, pulmonary infections with subsequent inflammatory responses represent a major public health concern. The pulmonary barrier is a vulnerable entry site for several stress factors, including pathogens such as viruses, and bacteria, but also environmental factors e.g. toxins, air pollutants, as well as allergens. These pathogens or pathogen-associated molecular pattern and inflammatory agents e.g. damage-associated molecular pattern cause significant disturbances in the pulmonary barrier. The physiological and biological functions, as well as the architecture and homeostatic maintenance of the pulmonary barrier are highly complex. The airway epithelium, denoting the first pulmonary barrier, encompasses cells releasing a plethora of chemokines and cytokines, and is further covered with a mucus layer containing antimicrobial peptides, which are responsible for the pathogen clearance. Submucosal antigen-presenting cells and neutrophilic granulocytes are also involved in the defense mechanisms and counterregulation of pulmonary infections, and thus may directly affect the pulmonary barrier function. The detailed understanding of the pulmonary barrier including its architecture and functions is crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment strategies of pulmonary diseases. Thus, considering multiple side effects and limited efficacy of current therapeutic treatment strategies in patients with inflammatory diseases make experimental <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models necessary to improving clinical therapy options. This review describes existing models for studyying the pulmonary barrier function under acute inflammatory conditions, which are meant to improve the translational approaches for outcome predictions, patient monitoring, and treatment decision-making.
Spinal nerve root stimulation (2006)

Spinal nerve root stimulation is a recently developed form of neuromodulation used for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. Unlike spinal cord stimulation, in which electrical impulses are directed at the dorsal columns, spinal nerve root stimulation guides electrical current directly to one or more nerve roots. There are a variety of techniques by which this can be accomplished, yet no consistent terminology to describe these variations exists. In this review, the authors group the various techniques according to anatomical approach, define each category, describe and illustrate each of the techniques, review the available reports on their uses, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each one.
Impact of composite plates: Analysis of stresses and forces (1976)

The foreign object damage resistance of composite fan blades was studied. Edge impact stresses in an anisotropic plate were first calculated incorporating a constrained layer damping model. It is shown that a very thin damping layer can dramatically decrease the maximum normal impact stresses. A multilayer model of a composite plate is then presented which allows computation of the interlaminar normal and shear stresses. Results are presented for the stresses due to a line impact load normal to the plane of a composite plate. It is shown that significant interlaminar tensile stresses can develop during impact. A computer code was developed for this problem using the fast Fourier transform. A marker and cell computer code were also used to investigate the hydrodynamic impact of a fluid slug against a wall or turbine blade. Application of fluid modeling of bird impact is reviewed.
The electrical breakdown of solid dielectrics in non-uniform fields (1972)

The electrical breakdown of KBr, polyethylene and polymethylmethacryalate in non-uniform fields is considered. The observed breakdown voltage polarity effect, previously considered anomalous to current theories in which breakdown is governed by attainment of critical conditions at the cathode, is shown to be compatible to such theories if the effect of negative space charge within the dielectric is taken into account. It is proposed that the negative space charge arises through trapping of electrons, which are emitted into the dielectric at zero applied voltage owing to workfunction differences between the electrode and the dielectric.
Differential context-specific impact of individual core promoter elements on transcriptional dynamics (2017)

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in bursts that vary in size and frequency, but the contribution of individual core promoter elements to transcriptional bursting is not known. Here we analyze the relative contributions to bursting of the individual core promoter elements—CCAAT, TATAA-like, Sp1BS, and Inr—of an MHC class I gene in primary B-cells during both basal and activated transcription. The TATAA-like, Sp1BS, and Inr elements all function as negative regulators of transcription, and each was found to contribute differentially to the overall bursting pattern of the promoter during basal transcription. Whereas the Sp1BS element regulates burst size, the Inr element regulates burst frequency. The TATAA-like element contributes to both. Surprisingly, each element has a distinct role in bursting during transcriptional activation by γ-interferon. The CCAAT element does not contribute significantly to the constitutive transcriptional dynamics of primary B-cells, but modulates both burst size and frequency in response to γ-interferon activation. The ability of core promoter elements to modulate transcriptional bursting individually allows combinatorial fine-tuning of the level of MHC class I gene expression in response to intrinsic and extrinsic signals.
Electronic Structure Evolution of La0.6Sr0.4Mn1−yNbyO3across a Metal-Insulator Transition by Nb Doping (2014)

We investigated the electronic structure of a Nb-doped colossal magnetoresistive perovskite-type manganese oxide La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Mn 1-y Nb y O 3 (0 y 0.15) by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. From Nb 3d and Mn 2p core-level spectra, we concluded that the Nb valence was most likely 5+, meaning that the average manganese valence (V Mn ) changes from 3.4 (y = 0) to 3.12 (y = 0.15). The finite spectral weight of the y = 0 sample at the Fermi level (E F ) was suppressed by replacing Mn with Nb, and an energy gap appeared for y 0.1 (V Mn =3.22). Because the same V Mn sample with no Nb (La 0.78 Sr 0.22 MnO 3 ) is still metallic, the metal-insulator transition due to the Nb 5+ -induced electron doping is more rapid than the La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 (LSMO) case. With increasing y, significant suppression of the Mn 3d t 2g band was observed, reflecting the Mn-ions replacement with Nb 5+ ions that have no valence electrons. The deduced chemical potential shift was larger than LSMO, reflecting a large energy difference between Mn 3d and Nb 4d levels.
A 35 ns 64 Mb DRAM using on-chip boosted power supply (2003)

An on-chip boosted power supply is necessary for ease of layout and high speed in high density DRAMs. The technique of TTL conversion is a key to designing high speed DRAMs for 3-V operation. The authors present the generation and regulation of an on-chip power supply (V/sub pp/) within 50 mV of the optimum level during operation for a given V/sub cc/. In addition to the regulated V/sub cc/ scheme, improved interface circuit techniques are employed to achieve fast input and output conversion with good noise margins. An experimental 64-Mb DRAM is designed. A typical access time of 35 ns is obtained by measurement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biosynthesis of sinefungin: on the mode of incorporation of L-ornithine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of sinefungin: on the mode of incorporation of L-ornithineRonald J. Parry, Isidora Y. Arzu, Shyhchen Ju, and Bill J. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 24, 8981–8982Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00206a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00206a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Benchmarking Compressed Sensing, Super-Resolution, and Filter\n Diagonalization (2015)

Signal processing techniques have been developed that use different\nstrategies to bypass the Nyquist sampling theorem in order to recover more\ninformation than a traditional discrete Fourier transform. Here we examine\nthree such methods: filter diagonalization, compressed sensing, and\nsuper-resolution. We apply them to a broad range of signal forms commonly found\nin science and engineering in order to discover when and how each method can be\nused most profitably. We find that filter diagonalization provides the best\nresults for Lorentzian signals, while compressed sensing and super-resolution\nperform better for arbitrary signals.\n
Hematopoietic stem cells in research and clinical applications: The “CD34 issue” (2010)

In this paper, experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data. Although not clearly apparent, the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells. One of the "first rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology; i.e. the CD34+ positive cell dose, has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34. This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors. This proportion could vary with respect to the source, pathology, treatment, processing procedure, the graft ex vivo treatment and so on. Therefore, a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be defined. In addition, to avoid further confusion, the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.