gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ripples Down Under: New Zealand Youngsters' Attitudes And Conduct After Snowden (2017)

Purpose – This study tests the attitudes towards and social consequences of Edward Snowden's revelations in New Zealand, taking into account New Zealand's socio-cultural and political environment especially as regards privacy and state surveillance. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey of 66 university students and semi-structured follow-up interviews with 18 respondents were conducted, in addition to reviews of the literature on privacy and state surveillance in New Zealand. The outcomes of the survey were statistically analysed and qualitative analyses of the interview results were also performed. Findings – Despite a lack of detailed knowledge concerning Snowden's revelations and a relative lack of knowledge of domestic law enforcement agencies as well as those devoted to protecting human rights and privacy, the revelations have had a noticeable effect on New Zealand youngsters' attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance, mainly evidenced in their willingness to emulate Snowden's actions and in their changed online behaviour thereby demonstrating a chilling effect. Practical implications – The study results suggest younger New Zealanders are aware of and concerned with their privacy and also that the Government should better publicise the existing mechanisms for protecting human rights and privacy as well as for whistle-blowing by individuals to give effect to the aspirations of younger citizens in particular. Social implications – The results of this study based on a questionnaire survey indicates that state surveillance and other threats to privacy are issues of concern to younger New Zealanders and that better public education is needed as to the mechanisms that are available for citizens to protect their privacy and human rights. Originality/value – This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden's revelations on New Zealand youngsters' attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.
Angular domain image detectability with changing turbid medium scattering coefficients (2005)

Optical tomography within highly scattering media has usually employed coherence domain and time domain imaging, which observe the shortest path photons over the dominant randomly scattered background light. An alternative, Angular Domain Imaging, employs micromachined collimators which detect photons within a small angle of the aligned laser light source. These angular filters consist of micromachined silicon collimator channels 51 micron wide by 10 mm long on 102 micron spacing giving an acceptance angle of 0.29 degrees at a CCD detector. Phantom test objects were observed in turbid mediums ranging from 1 to 5 cm thick at effective scattered to ballistic ratios from 1:1 to greater than 100,000,000:1. Simple line and space test objects detection limits are set by detector pixel size not collimator hole spacing. Restricting the light emission to only the collimating array hole area provides increased detectability by reducing the amount of scattered light background. This is best done using cylindrical spherical cylindrical lens beam expanders/shrinkers to create a wide line of light of small thickness aligned to the collimator array. As object locations within the medium are moved closer to the detector/collimator, image detectability appears to depend on the scattering ratio after the test object rather than the total medium scattering. Hence, objects located closer to the detector than the middle of the medium are observed at a much higher scattering levels than those nearer the light source.
Immunotherapy of murine prostate cancer using whole tumour cells killed ex vivo by cytosine deaminase/5‐fluorocytosine suicide‐gene therapy (2005)

The immunogenicity of irradiated tumour cells is enhanced when they are killed ex-vivo using suicide-gene therapy. This approach would be clinically applicable in terms of ease of vaccine production, safety, storage and avoidance of potential toxicities of in vivo gene transfer.
The Positive Inotropic Effect of Angiotensin II (2006)

Many effects believed to be because of angiotensin II (Ang II) are attributable to the action of endothelin (ET)-1, which is released/produced by Ang II. We investigated whether Ang II elicits its positive inotropic effect (PIE) by the action of endogenous ET-1, in addition to the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this mechanism. Cat cardiomyocytes were used for: (1) sarcomere shortening measurements; (2) ROS measurements by epifluorescence; (3) immunohistochemical staining for preproET-1, BigET-1, and ET-1; and (4) measurement of preproET-1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Cells were exposed to 1 nmol/L Ang II for 15 minutes. This low concentration of Ang II increases sarcomere shortening by 29.2+/-3.7% (P<0.05). This PIE was abrogated by Na+/H+ exchanger or Na+/Ca2+ exchanger reverse mode inhibition. The production of ROS increased in response to Ang II treatment (DeltaROS respect to control: 68+/-15 fluorescence units; P<0.05). The Ang II-induced PIE and ROS production were blocked by the Ang II type 1 receptor blocker losartan, the nonselective ET-1 receptor blocker TAK044, the selective ETA receptor blocker BQ-123, or the ROS scavenger N-(2-mercapto-propionyl)glycine. Exogenous ET-1 (0.4 nmol/L) induced a similar PIE and increase in ROS production to those caused by Ang II. Immunostaining for preproET-1, BigET-1, and ET-1 was positive in cardiomyocytes. The preproET-1 mRNA abundance increased from 100+/-4.6% in control to 241.9+/-39.9% in Ang II-treated cells (P<0.05). We conclude that the PIE after exposure to 1 nmol/L Ang II is due to endogenous ET-1 acting through the ETA receptor and triggering ROS production, Na+/H+ exchanger stimulation, and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger reverse mode activation.
Role of Arginine 220 in the Oxygen Sensor FixL from Bradyrhizobium japonicum (2005)

In the heme-based oxygen sensor protein FixL, conformational changes induced by oxygen binding to the heme sensor domain regulate the activity of a neighboring histidine kinase, eventually restricting expression of specific genes to hypoxic conditions. The conserved arginine 220 residue is suggested to play a key role in the signal transduction mechanism. To obtain detailed insights into the role of this residue, we replaced Arg(220) by histidine (R220H), glutamine (R220Q), glutamate (R220E), and isoleucine (R220I) in the heme domain FixLH from Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These mutations resulted in dramatic changes in the O(2) affinity with K(d) values in the order R220I < R220Q < wild type < R220H. For the R220H and R220Q mutants, residue 220 interacts with the bound O(2) or CO ligands, as seen by resonance Raman spectroscopy. For the oxy-adducts, this H-bond modifies the pi acidity of the O(2) ligand, and its strength is correlated with the back-bonding-sensitive nu(4) frequency, the k(off) value for O(2) dissociation, and heme core-size conformational changes. This effect is especially strong for the wild-type protein where Arg(220) is, in addition, positively charged. These observations strongly suggest that neither strong ligand fixation nor the displacement of residue 220 into the heme distal pocket are solely responsible for the reported heme conformational changes associated with kinase activity regulation, but that a significant decrease of the heme pi(*) electron density because of strong back-bonding toward the oxygen ligand also plays a key role.
HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor-Inspired Antibacterials Targeting Isoprenoid Biosynthesis (2012)

We report the discovery of antibacterial leads, keto- and diketo-acids, targeting two prenyl transferases: undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) and dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM). The leads were suggested by the observation that keto- and diketo-acids bind to the active site Mg(2+)/Asp domain in HIV-1 integrase, and similar domains are present in prenyl transferases. We report the x-ray crystallographic structures of one diketo-acid and one keto-acid bound to CrtM, which supports the Mg(2+) binding hypothesis, together with the x-ray structure of one diketo-acid bound to UPPS. In all cases, the inhibitors bind to a farnesyl diphosphate substrate-binding site. Compound 45 had cell growth inhibition MIC(90) values of ~250-500 ng/mL against S. aureus, 500 ng/mL against Bacillus anthracis, 4 μg/mL against Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecium, and 1 μg/mL against Streptococcus pyogenes M1, but very little activity against E. coli (DH5α, K12) or human cell lines.
Pharmacogenetics: From Bench to Byte (2008)

Despite initial enthusiasm, the use of pharmacogenetics has remained limited to investigation in only a few clinical fields such as oncology and psychiatry. The main reason is the paucity of scientific evidence to show that pharmacogenetic testing leads to improved clinical outcomes. Moreover, for most pharmacogenetic tests (such as tests for genetic variants of cytochrome P450 enzymes) a detailed knowledge of pharmacology is a prerequisite for application in clinical practice, and both physicians and pharmacists might find it difficult to interpret the clinical value of pharmacogenetic test results. Guidelines that link the result of a pharmacogenetic test to therapeutic recommendations might help to overcome these problems, but such guidelines are only sparsely available. In 2001, an early step was taken to develop such guidelines for the therapeutic use of antidepressants, and these included CYP2D6-related dose recommendations drawn from pharmacokinetic study data. However, the use of such recommendations in routine clinical practice remains difficult, because they are currently outside the ambit of the clinical environment and are not accessible during the decision-making process by physicians and pharmacists, namely the prescription and dispensing of drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reactions of gem‐Bismetallic Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Medical Applications of Bioelastic Materials (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chained Path Evaluation for Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification (2014)

In this paper we propose a novel hierarchical multi-label clas- sification approach for tree and directed acyclic graph (DAG) hierarchies. The method predicts a single path (from the root to a leaf node) for tree hierarchies, and multiple paths for DAG hierarchies, by combining the predictions of every node in each possible path. In contrast with previous approaches, we evaluate all the paths, training local classifiers for each non-leaf node. The approach incorporates two contributions; (i) a cost is assigned to each node depending on the level it has in the hierarchy, giving more weight to correct predic- tions at the top levels; (ii) the relations between the nodes in the hierarchy are considered, by incorporating the parent label as in chained classifiers. The proposed approach was experimentally evaluated with 10 tree and 8 DAG hierarchi- cal datasets in the domain of protein function prediction. It was contrasted with various state-of-the-art hierarchical clas- sifiers using four common evaluation measures. The results show that our method is superior in almost all measures, and this difference is more significant in the case of DAG struc- tures.
Caspase-2 promotes obesity, the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2016)

Obesity and its resulting metabolic disturbances are major health threats. In response to energy surplus, overtaxed adipocytes release fatty acids and pro-inflammatory factors into the circulation, promoting organ fat accumulation (including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Recently, caspase-2 was linked to lipoapoptosis, so we hypothesized that caspase-2 might be a critical determinant of metabolic syndrome pathogenesis. Caspase-2-deficient and wild-type mice were fed a Western diet (high-fat diet, enriched with saturated fatty acids and 0.2% cholesterol, supplemented with fructose and glucose in the drinking water) for 16 weeks. Metabolic and hepatic outcomes were evaluated. In vitro studies assessed the role of caspase-2 in adipose tissue proliferative properties and susceptibility for lipoapoptosis. Caspase-2-deficient mice fed a Western diet were protected from abdominal fat deposition, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Adipose tissue in caspase-2-deficient mice was more proliferative, upregulated mitochondrial uncoupling proteins consistent with browning, and was resistant to cell hypertrophy and cell death. The liver was protected from steatohepatitis through a decrease in circulating fatty acids and more efficient hepatic fat metabolism, and from fibrosis as a consequence of reduced fibrogenic stimuli from fewer lipotoxic hepatocytes. Caspase-2 deficiency protected mice from diet-induced obesity, metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further studies are necessary to assess caspase-2 as a therapeutic target for those conditions.
Concurrency control in a VLSI design database (1988)

This paper explores a concurrency control mechanism which is suitable for the protection of VLSI design data against interfering concurrent accesses. VLSI design transactions are typically of long duration with frequent concurrent read-write and read-read accesses. A version mechanism is known to be very effective in long duration transaction systems with frequent concurrent read-write accesses. Although a design version mechanism, which is offered to the designers to maintain the evolution of design objects, has different aims than a version mechanism for concurrency control, a two-version mechanism fits very well in the former. This paper shows that a two-version two-phase locking mechanism, slightly adapted to a design system, is sufficient. The existence of a design manager, which prevents certain sequences of design transactions, simplifies the concurrency control protocol significantly.
Specific Photobiocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization Reactions (2011)

Reduktion im Licht: In enantiospezifischen Hydroxylierungen nichtaktivierter C-H-Bindungen und Epoxidierungen von CC-Bindungen ist AaeAPO, eine neuartige Peroxidase aus Agrocybe aegerita, eine aktivere und vielseitigere Alternative zu der derzeit führenden Chlorperoxidase. Mit einfachem Flavinadeninmononucleotid (FMN) als Katalysator wurde H2O2 in situ durch photokatalytische Reduktion von O2 erzeugt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of liquid addition on the bulk and flow properties of fine and coarse glass beads (2015)

The effect of water on the packing and flow properties of fine and coarse particles was experimentally investigated. Four different particle sizes of glass beads, from 5 to 275 μm, were studied with increasing water weight‐percentages. Using a FT4 Powder Rheometer, changes in bulk properties were collected as a function of water content and particle size. The results show that water content plays a significant role on the packing and flow of the particles. Small amounts of water created porous aggregates due to liquid bridging. Greater amounts of water resulted in the filling of the void‐spaces. This was indicated by an increase in basic flow energy, density, and pressure drop, with a decrease in porosity. A greater understanding of bulk properties of wetted material is useful to develop standard systems that can be used to examine the behavior of more complex situations, and implement changes to improve materials handling and processing. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 648–658, 2016
Characterization and properties of green-emitting β-SiAlON:Eu2+ powder phosphors for white light-emitting diodes (2005)

This letter reports a β-SiAlON:Eu2+ green phosphor with the composition of Eu0.00296Si0.41395Al0.01334O0.0044N0.56528. The phosphor powder exhibits a rod-like morphology with the length of ∼4μm and the diameter of ∼0.5μm. It can be excited efficiently over a broad spectral range between 280 and 480 nm, and has an emission peak at 535 nm with a full width at half maximum of 55 nm. It has a superior color chromaticity of x=0.32 and y=0.64. The internal and external quantum efficiencies of this phosphor is 70% and 61% at λex=303nm, respectively. This newly developed green phosphor has potential applications in phosphor-converted white LEDs.
Synthesis, crystal structures, luminescence and magnetic properties of lanthanide complexes containing the 1,8-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)-3,6-dioxaoctane ligand (2002)

The reaction of 1,8-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)-3,6-dioxaoctane (H2L) with lanthanide nitrates in MeCN afforded new binuclear lanthanide complexes (Ln = La–Nd, Sm–Yb or Y, 1–13) in high yields, and the molecular structures of 1 and 2 were established by X-ray crystallography. A photophysical study of the ligand H2L and of the binuclear complexes (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb and Dy) has been performed and the quenching effect of coordinated water molecules was observed. The H2L and Tb complex exhibit an up-conversion process under OPO excitation at 660 nm. The magnetic properties of Pr and Gd complexes are also reported.
Planarized tapered waveguides for THz quantum cascade laser frequency combs (2022)

Terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) based on double metal waveguides are compact sources of broadband THz radiation, which can also operate as frequency combs. We present a planarized double metal waveguide THz QCL platform, where the active region is embedded in a low-loss BCB polymer and covered by an extended top metallization. The latter enables placing bonding wires on the sides above the BCB-covered area, hindering the formation of any defects on the active region and enables the fabrication of waveguides with narrow widths below the bonding wire size. This can then be employed as a fundamental mode selection mechanism for comb operation without any side absorbers, and also features improved heat dissipation properties in continuous wave operation. The extended top metallization also enhances the RF properties of the device, as it encompasses a metallic cavity with the global ground plane. Experimentally, we present results on two different device geometries. First is a simple ridge waveguide with a width of 40 μm, narrow enough to act as a mode selection filter. Free-running frequency comb states with bandwidths above 600 GHz and single beatnotes up to -60 dBm are measured. With a strong external RF signal, close to the natural repetition frequency, we can broaden the emission to over 1.4 THz. The second type of device is a tapered waveguide, where the narrow sections act as a transversal mode filter, while the wider ones have lower waveguide losses and provide more gain. Due to a field-enhancement effect in the narrow sections, there is a significant enhancement in the four wave mixing, a third order nonlinear process responsible for comb formation. Free-running devices produce beatnotes close to -30 dBm, three orders of magnitude higher than for ridge devices. Improved comb performance is maintained also for high operating temperatures. A comb bandwidth above 200 GHz and a single beatnote above -60 dBm are measured at 115 K, very close to the maximum lasing temperature of 118 K. Beyond the improved laser and comb performance, the planarized waveguide platform also enables a relatively straightforward co-integration of active and passive elements.
Laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde hot bands in flames: erratum (2002)

No abstract.
Constraint-Guided Workflow Composition Based on the EDAM Ontology (2010)

Methods for the automatic composition of services into executable workflows need detailed knowledge about the application domain,in particular about the available services and their behavior in terms of input/output data descriptions. In this paper we discuss how the EMBRACE data and methods ontology (EDAM) can be used as background knowledge for the composition of bioinformatics workflows. We show by means of a small example domain that the EDAM knowledge facilitates finding possible workflows, but that additional knowledge is required to guide the search towards actually adequate solutions. We illustrate how the ability to flexibly formulate domain-specific and problem-specific constraints supports the work ow development process.
Triple-chip stacked CSP (2002)

As electronic devices, particularly cellular telephones, become more compact, lighter in weight and more functional, it is becoming necessary to decrease the number of components mounted on the substrate, decrease their mounting area, and decrease their weight. To meet this need, in April of 1998 Sharp successfully developed the stacked CSP, an ultra-compact package housing two LSIs laid one on top of the other. Now mass-produced as a combination memory device containing both flash memory and SRAM for use in cellular telephones, the stacked CSP has become the most used memory package for cellular telephones. As information services provided through cellular telephones continue to grow, the LSI system can be expected to become larger in scale and the memory devices required to have greater capacity. These will in turn require packages with even higher mounting densities. To satisfy this need, Sharp developed the Triple-Chip Stacked CSP housing three LSIs. Mass production began in August 1999.