gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole body nitric oxide synthesis in healthy men determined from [15N] arginine-to-[15N]citrulline labeling. (1996)

The rates of whole body nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, plasma arginine flux, and de novo arginine synthesis and their relationships to urea production, were examined in a total of seven healthy adults receiving an L-amino acid diet for 6 days. NO synthesis was estimated by the rate of conversion of the [15N] guanidino nitrogen of arginine to plasma [15N] ureido citrulline and compared with that based on urinary nitrite (NO2-)/nitrate (NO3-) excretion. Six subjects received on dietary day 7, a 24-hr (12-hr fed/12-hr fasted) primed, constant, intravenous infusion of L-[guanidino-15N2]arginine and [13C]urea. A similar investigation was repeated with three of these subjects, plus an additional subject, in which they received L-[ureido-13C]citrulline, to determine plasma citrulline fluxes. The estimated rates (mean +/- SD) of NO synthesis over a period of 24 hr averaged 0.96 +/- 0.1 mumol .kg-1.hr-1 and 0.95 +/- 0.1 mumol.kg-1.hr-1, for the [15N]citrulline and the nitrite/nitrate methods, respectively. About 15% of the plasma arginine turnover was associated with urea formation and 1.2% with NO formation. De novo arginine synthesis averaged 9.2 +/- 1.4 mumol. kg-1.hr-1, indicating that approximately 11% of the plasma arginine flux originates via conversion of plasma citrulline to arginine. Thus, the fraction of the plasma arginine flux associated with NO and also urea synthesis in healthy humans is small, although the plasma arginine compartment serves as a significant precursor pool (54%) for whole body NO formation. This tracer model should be useful for exploring these metabolic relationships in vivo, under specific pathophysiologic states where the L-arginine-NO pathway might be altered.
Concurrent Multipath Transfer Using SCTP Multihoming Over Independent End-to-End Paths (2006)

Concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) uses the Stream Control Transmission Protocol's (SCTP) multihoming feature to distribute data across multiple end-to-end paths in a multihomed SCTP association. We identify three negative side-effects of reordering introduced by CMT that must be managed before efficient parallel transfer can be achieved: (1) unnecessary fast retransmissions by a sender; (2) overly conservative congestion window (cwnd) growth at a sender; and (3) increased ack traffic due to fewer delayed acks by a receiver. We propose three algorithms which augment and/or modify current SCTP to counter these side-effects. Presented with several choices as to where a sender should direct retransmissions of lost data, we propose five retransmission policies for CMT. We demonstrate spurious retransmissions in CMT with all five policies and propose changes to CMT to allow the different policies. CMT is evaluated against AppStripe, which is an idealized application that stripes data over multiple paths using multiple SCTP associations. The different CMT retransmission policies are then evaluated with varied constrained receive buffer sizes. In this foundation work, we operate under the strong assumption that the bottleneck queues on the end-to-end paths used in CMT are independent
Research into biomarkers to facilitate the early identification of Parkinson's disease: a decision analytic model to determine the feasibility and value (2013)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative associated with a significant, negative impact on quality of life, health care and societal costs . As the condition progresses the burden of disease in PD increases. Earlier identification of PD could provide the opportunity to intervene earlier, with evidence that this can delay the onset of the disease. Currently though an early identification test for PD does not exist. The aim of this work is to establish the feasibility and value of identifying biomarkers in PD which could form the basis of an early identification test.
Logarithmic current-to-voltage converter for local probe microscopy (1997)

A quasilogarithmic current–voltage converter has been built which allows currents spanning an exceptionally broad range from 10 pA to 10 mA with a bandwidth greater than 2 kHz to be measured. The converter is based on the virtual ground scheme employing semiconductor diodes as nonlinear elements in the feedback path. It is ideally suited for studying local interactions in scanning tunneling microscopy.
The Application of the Biotin/Avidin System to the von Willebrand Factor Antigen Immunoassay (1988)

A vWf: Ag ELISA which uses biotinylated anti-vWf: Ag IgG and an avidin/biotinylated peroxidase (ABP) complex detection system has been developed. The sensitivity of the ELISA for vWf: Ag was 4 X 10(-5) U/ml which is approximately 10-fold lower than previously reported vWf: Ag ELISA's. The avidin used for the preparation of the ABP complex was glutaraldehyde-treated. This treatment increased the reactivity 2-3-fold as compared to ABP complex prepared using untreated avidin. The reactivity of two commercial detection reagents was also tested. The effect of the reduction of the total assay time to 3.5 h is also described. In this form the detection limit for vWf: Ag was 2 X 10(-4) U/ml, the intra-assay precision at vWf: Ag concentrations of 0.01 and 0.0025 U/ml was 3.8% and 4.9% respectively and ELISA results for normal individuals still correlated well with those obtained using electro-immunodiffusion (r = 0.93).
On Pseudo-Linear Transformations (1935)

Ore,9 Mac Lane4 and others.It can be gener- alized to give theorems about the possible degrees of the factors of a re- ducible
Technology trends for future low cost phased arrays (2010)

The next generation of active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs) is dependent upon many technology and application pulls and the pushes. RF and manufacturing technologies are key elements of achieving more affordable phased arrays in support of both military and commercial applications. Advanced, evolving, mature and even revolutionary device, material and packaging technologies are making significant strides for lowering the cost of phased arrays. To date, phased array usage has been limited to high end military and commercial applications. That's about to change with the evolution of more affordable AESA architectures that take advantage of RF microelectronics, surface mount RF packaging and new architectures focused on reducing the high cost drivers. New Panel AESA approaches promise a savings of more than 50% since the initial nearly 20 years ago.
Optimal removal of out-of-sequence measurements from tracks using the IF-equivalent measurement (2010)

In real-world tracking systems some earlier measurements that have been used to update a track might be reassigned to some other tracks and then there is a need to remove such measurements from that track under consideration. Recently, this problem of removal of measurements from multiple steps prior to the current time, was solved in one step by using an equivalent measurement. This one-step solution is shown to be optimal only when the system is deterministic, that is, the process noise is zero. However, in reality, most systems are non-deterministic and in this case, this one-step solution is unreliable due to its suboptimality unless the target maneuvering index is small (&#60;0.3). This paper presents the optimal solution to the problem of removing earlier measurements from tracks. The optimal removal is obtained using an Information Filter (IF) equivalent measurement. Comparisons are given to show the superiority of the proposed optimal solution. In particular, when the measurement to be removed is (nearly) an outlier, the optimal removal yields significantly better results than the one-step algorithm.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Granule-Bound Starch Synthases from Normal and Waxy Maize (1985)

The granule-bound starch-synthases from normal and waxy maize kernels have been solubilized, partially purified, and characterized. Two broad categories of starch synthases were revealed with representatives in the soluble phase and also on granules from both normal and waxy maize though the activity associated with granules from waxy was small. Data for native molecular weights, kinetic parameters, and immunological relatedness are used to demonstrate that the granule-bound isozymes from normal maize are different from the soluble enzymes. These distinct granule-bound enzymes are missing in waxy maize granules and a further novel form of starch synthase is revealed. These findings are discussed in relation to the type of starch produced in tissue affected by the waxy mutation.
Artificial intelligence in education: Bringing it all together (2021)

Artificial intelligence has led to a generation of technologies in education – for use in classrooms and by school systems more broadly – with considerable potential to bring education forward. This chapter provides a broad overview of the technologies currently being used, their core applications, and their potential going forward. The chapter also provides definitions of some of the key terms that will be used throughout this book. It concludes with a discussion of the potentials that may be achieved if these technologies are integrated, the shifts in thinking about supporting learners through one-on-one learning experiences to influencing systems more broadly, and other key directions for R&amp;D and policy in the future.
Quantitation of human alpha-fetoprotein by electroimmunodiffusion. (1971)

Summary The association of α-1-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma provides another possible parameter for both diagnosis and evaluation of the disease process. A technique for the quantitative measurement of this protein has been devised that uses the method of electroimmunodiffusion. This technique has greater sensitivity and is faster than radial diffusion with antibody in agar. Serums from 75 patients with hepatomas were measured for α-fetoprotein, and these varied from 0.35 to 4950 eg/ml.
Metasurface-Driven Beam Steering Antenna for Satellite Communications (2022)

A metasurface-driven 3D beam-scanning (elevation, azimuth or both) antenna solution is presented in this paper. A pair of novel phase gradient metallic metasurfaces (PGMMs) is designed using the near-electric field phase transformation method operating in the Ku-band. Rotating PGMMs independently atop a static, fixed beam base antenna will enable wide-angle beam-steering in both azimuth and elevation planes. A prototype is made and tested to validate the predicted results. The measured results exhibit excellent beam scanning performance with the highest elevation angle of ±38° and a full 360° in the azimuth. This beam-steering approach does not rely on active radio-frequency components. Moreover, the proposed metasurface obviates costly dielectrics, reducing additional cost and weight, and is suitable for stressed environmental conditions such as high-power systems and inter-satellite or deep-space communication systems.
Site-specific mutagenesis induced by single O6-alkylguanines (O6-n-propyl, O6-n-butyl, O6-n-octyl)in vivo (1993)

The mutagenic activity of a series of longer chain O6-n-alkylguanine residues (O6-n-propyl, O6-n-butyl, O6-n-octyl) has been analyzed using a plasmid molecule (pUC 9) in which single O6-alkylguanines were positioned in the unique Pstl recognition site by shot gun ligation (Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 3305-3316 (1985)) of overlapping synthetic oligonucleotides. After transfection of these vectors into E. coli cells having normal DNA repair systems, progeny plasmids were produced, of which 2.6%, 2.8% and 4.3% were mutated in their Pstl site when containing O6-n-propylguanine, O6-n-butylguanine, O6-n-octylguanine, respectively. DNA sequence analysis of mutant plasmid genomes revealed that O6-n-propylguanine and O6-n-butylguanine induced exclusively G-->A transitions located specifically at the preselected site. O6-n-octylguanine induced apart from G-->A transitions (70%) also targeted G-->T transversions (30%). These results indicate that the mutation frequency of longer chain O6-alkylguanines can be substantial in cells with normal repair systems and that the mutation pattern depends on the nature of the alkyl group.
Supplementary Tables from Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Resectable Locally Advanced, Human Papillomavirus–Unrelated Head and Neck Cancer: A Multicenter, Phase II Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary tables&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of Corneal Deformation Parameters After SMILE, LASEK, and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK (2014)

Applanation time (applanation 1) and deformation amplitude (as measured with the CorVis ST tonometer) may be helpful in assessing corneal biomechanical changes after corneal refractive surgery. The relations between these parameters should be discussed in further studies.
A highly reactive functional model for the catechol dioxygenases. Structure and properties of [Fe(TPA)DBC]BPh4 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA highly reactive functional model for the catechol dioxygenases. Structure and properties of [Fe(TPA)DBC]BPh4Ho G. Jang, David D. Cox, and Lawrence Que Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9200–9204Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00024a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1194Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Carotid artery atherosclerosis in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (2007)

Objective To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and atherosclerosis by measuring the intima-media thickness (IMT) and the plaque of carotid artery. Methods A tolal of 147 patients were divided into three groups: MS group, essential hypertension (EH) group and diabetes mellitus (DM) group and 30 normal adults served as control group. The thickness of carotid intima-media and the score of plaque were measured with color ultrasonography in all patients. Plasma lipids, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference were measured in all subjects. Results IMT of common carotid artery, the plaque score, plaque occurrence rate were significantly higher in MS group than in EH and DM groups. IMT of common carotid artery in MS group, EH group and DM group was higher than that in control group . Level of TG in MS group was higher than that in EH group and DM group, while the level of LDL-c was obviously higher than that in EH group, and the level of TC was higher than that in EH group and DM group. Conclusion Atherosclerosis of carotid artery was more severe in MS patients than in those with simple hypertension or DM.Metabolic syndrome accelerates the development of atherosclerosis.
Wavelet snake for classification of nodules and false positives in digital chest radiographs (2002)

The authors have developed a technique using a wavelet-based snake model for classification of nodules and false positives reported by their computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for detection of pulmonary nodules in digital chest radiographs. In this technique, the boundary of a nodule is first approximated by the multiscale edge representation. These multiscale edges are used to "guide" the snake to estimate the true boundary of the nodule. The deformation of the snake is performed by changing the wavelet coefficients using a gradient descent algorithm. The degree of overlap between the fitted snake and the multiscale edges was calculated as a measure for classification of nodules and false detections. A set of ROIs consisting of 90 nodules and 152 false positives were used for evaluation of the authors' method by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Their method yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.74 in classification performance, which reduced 15% of the false positives with sacrifice of only one module.
Learning directed acyclic graphs via bootstrap aggregating (2014)

Probabilistic graphical models are graphical representations of probability distributions. Graphical models have applications in many fields including biology, social sciences, linguistic, neuroscience. In this paper, we propose directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) learning via bootstrap aggregating. The proposed procedure is named as DAGBag. Specifically, an ensemble of DAGs is first learned based on bootstrap resamples of the data and then an aggregated DAG is derived by minimizing the overall distance to the entire ensemble. A family of metrics based on the structural hamming distance is defined for the space of DAGs (of a given node set) and is used for aggregation. Under the high-dimensional-low-sample size setting, the graph learned on one data set often has excessive number of false positive edges due to over-fitting of the noise. Aggregation overcomes over-fitting through variance reduction and thus greatly reduces false positives. We also develop an efficient implementation of the hill climbing search algorithm of DAG learning which makes the proposed method computationally competitive for the high-dimensional regime. The DAGBag procedure is implemented in the R package dagbag.
The associations of self-rated health with cardiovascular risk proteins: a proteomics approach (2019)

Poor SRH was associated with raised concentrations of many plasma proteins. However, the relationships were largely attenuated by adjustments for CVD risk factors, comorbidity and psycho-social factors. Leptin and CCL20 were associated with poor SRH in the present study and could potentially be involved in the SRH-CVD link.
Induction of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase mRNA by refeeding and insulin. (1988)

The effects of fasting/refeeding and untreated or insulin-treated diabetes on the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and its mRNA in rat liver were determined. Both enzymatic activities fell to 20% of control values with fasting or streptozotocin-induced diabetes and were coordinately restored to normal within 48 h of refeeding or 24 h of insulin administration. These alterations in enzymatic activities were always mirrored by corresponding changes in amount of enzyme as determined by phosphoenzyme formation and immunoblotting. In contrast, mRNA for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase did not decrease during starvation or in diabetes, but there was a 3-6-fold increase upon refeeding a high carbohydrate diet to starved rats or insulin treatment of diabetic rats. The decrease of the enzyme in starved or diabetic rats without associated changes in mRNA levels suggests a decrease in the rate of mRNA translation, an increase in enzyme degradation, or both. The rise in enzyme amount and mRNA for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase with refeeding and insulin treatment suggests an insulin-dependent stimulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression. Northern blots of RNA from heart, brain, kidney, and skeletal muscle probed with restriction fragments of a full-length cDNA from liver showed that only skeletal muscle contained an RNA species that hybridized to any of the probes. Skeletal muscle mRNA for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was 2.0 kilobase pairs but in contrast to the liver message (2.2 kilobase pairs) was not regulated by refeeding.
Therapeutic augmentation of the growth hormone axis to improve outcomes following peripheral nerve injury (2016)

GH-based therapies carry great promise for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, given the multi-modal mechanism of action not seen with other experimental therapies. A number of FDA-approved drugs that augment the GH axis are currently available, which may facilitate clinical translation.
Perceptions of learning-support teachers and resource teachers of each other's role in Irish primary schools (2006)

This article reports findings from an exploratory study of how learning support and resource teachers perceive each other's role. The study was conducted during the debate on the proposed changes to allocation and deployment of support teachers, following the publication of Circular 24/03 by the Department of Education and Science. It sought to test the hypothesis that learning-support and resource teachers perceive each other's roles differently in terms of their distinctiveness, type of children they support, working arrangements and training. The findings confirmed this and the implications of this for more whole-school collaborative models of support are discussed.
The Emerging World of Decentralized Finance (2021)

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is the term used to describe financial applications and services built on blockchain, the technology behind cryptocurrencies. DeFi uses blockchain as a trust mechanism, enabling unknown parties to transact with each other, removing unnecessary intermediaries, and lowering transaction costs. In order to seize the potential of blockchain technology in this particular industry and how it can be translated into other niches, it is necessary to understand its mechanics, implications, and particularities. This paper aims to present the operating principles, technologies, and security implications related to blockchain-based decentralized finance.
Polymerization transitions in two-dimensional systems of dipolar spheres (2005)

We investigate the self-organization of dipolar spheres into polymer chains as a fundamental model of the self-assembly of particles having anisotropic interparticle interactions. Our study involves a combination of modeling with vertically vibrated magnetic beads simulating a quasi-two-dimensional fluid at equilibrium and corresponding Monte Carlo simulations of hard spheres with embedded extended dipoles. We find a transition from a gas-like phase to a polymerized phase upon cooling, in accord with the analytic theory of equilibrium polymerization.