gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron measurements around medical electron accelerators by active and passive detection techniques (1991)

Passive and active detection techniques have been employed in order to measure neutron fluence rates and corresponding exposure rates around medical electron accelerators operating at energies well above the neutron binding energies of the structural materials. In these conditions from the treatment head, in the direct photon flux and from the shielded region, a fast neutron flux emerges which is partly absorbed and partly scattered by the walls, eventually establishing a nearly uniform thermal and epithermal flux in the room. Both direct and scattered flux contribute to the dose to the patient. A smaller neutron dose rate can also be found outside the treatment room, where the therapy staff works. Passive detectors, of moderation type, have been employed in the treatment room and 3He active detectors in the external zones. For the treatment room the activation data were compared with results of Monte Carlo simulation of the neutron transport in the room. Technical features of the two measures are briefly presented and results obtained around three different types of accelerators are reported. At the higher beam energies, i.e., 25 MV, a neutron dose of 0.36 Sv was estimated in the treatment field in addition to a therapeutic x-ray dose of 50 Gy. At lower energies or out of the treatment field the neutron dose drops significantly. In the external zones the dose rates everywhere are below the recommended limits and normally very low, the highest values being recorded in positions very close to the access door of the treatment room.
Influence of pore-liquid composition on clay behaviour: Molecular dynamics simulations of nano-structure (2018)

Recent advances in statistical mechanical molecular modelling of clay-fluid interactions will be discussed, with emphasis on empirical potential based Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. These methods will be illustrated by reference to studies of ions and solvent at hydrated clay surfaces. The aim of this research is to provide molecular scale insight into fluid dependent processes, for example; clay hydration/dehydration, solute transport through clays, and clay compaction during burial. Here we will focus primarily on the archetypal swelling clay: Wyoming montmorillonite.
A statistical study of ENoG test error (1988)

Electroneurography (ENoG) is currently the most sophisticated and objective test available for assessing nerve degeneration in patients suffering from facial nerve paralysis. However, the test requires considerable experience before error due to intertest variability can be brought within reasonable limits. In a statistical study on normal participants, the error associated with two conventional recording techniques--optimized lead placement (OLP) and standardized lead placement (SLP)--was determined to be 17.8% and 20.7%, respectively. A significant increase in error was observed with the OLP approach (22.9%) if responses could not be monitored oscilloscopically, a common situation in patients with severe degeneration. In a final study, however, a previously unreported factor was found to significantly reduce test error: recording electrode size. In particular, unconventionally small recording electrodes (3 to 7 mm) produced as much as 4% less error when administering the technique.
Semipermeable Microcapsules (1964)

Simple methods have been developed for encapsulating aqueous solutions of protein within polymer membranes. Stable microcapsules 1 to 100 micro in diameter, with semipermeable membranes, can be made by depositing polymer around emulsified aqueous droplets, either by interfacial coacervation or by interfacial polycondensation. Aqueous suspensions of enzyme-loaded microcapsules act well on small-molecular substrates both in vitro and in vivo.
Lossy Dictionaries (2001)

Bloom filtering is an important technique for space efficient storage of a conservative approximation of a set S. The set stored may have up to some specified number of false positive members, but all elements of S are included. In this paper we consider lossy dictionaries that are also allowed to have false negatives. The aim is to maximize the weight of included keys within a given space constraint. This relaxation allows a very fast and simple data structure making almost optimal use of memory. Being more time efficient than Bloom filters, we believe our data structure to be well suited for replacing Bloom filters in some applications. Also, the fact that our data structure supports information associated to keys paves the way for new uses, as illustrated by an application in lossy image compression.
EngrailedHomeobox Genes Determine the Organization of Purkinje Cell Sagittal Stripe Gene Expression in the Adult Cerebellum (2008)

Underlying the seemingly uniform cellular composition of the adult mammalian cerebellum (Cb) are striking parasagittal stripes of gene expression along the medial-lateral (ML) axis that are organized with respect to the lobules that divide the Cb along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. Although there is a clear correlation between the organization of gene expression stripes and Cb activity patterns, little is known about the genetic pathways that determine the intrinsic stripe molecular code. Here we establish that ML molecular code patterning is highly dependent on two homeobox transcription factors, Engrailed1 (En1) and En2, both of which are also required for patterning the lobules. Gene expression analysis of an allelic series of En1/2 mutant mice that have an intact Purkinje cell layer revealed severe patterning defects using three known components of the ML molecular code and a new marker of Hsp25 negative stripes (Neurofilament heavy chain, Nfh). Importantly, the complementary expression of ZebrinII/PhospholipaseC beta4 and Hsp25/Nfh changes in unison in each mutant. Furthermore, each En gene has unique as well as overlapping functions in patterning the ML molecular code and each En protein has dominant functions in different AP domains (subsets of lobules). Remarkably, in En1/2 mutants with almost normal foliation, ML molecular code patterning is severely disrupted. Thus, independent mechanisms that use En1/2 must pattern foliation and spatial gene expression separately. Our studies reveal that En1/2 are fundamental components of the genetic pathways that pattern the two intersecting coordinate systems of the Cb, morphological divisions and the molecular code.
Olefin Cross-Metathesis Reactions at Room Temperature Using the Nonionic Amphiphile “PTS”:  Just Add Water (2008)

The first examples of unsymmetrical olefin cross-metathesis reactions in water, involving water-insoluble substrates, at room temperature and using commercially available catalysts are reported. The key to success is to include small percentages of the nonionic, vitamin E-based amphiphile "PTS". The nanometer micelles formed accommodate water-insoluble substrates, along with a readily available Ru-based metathesis catalyst. Reactions proceed at ambient temperatures with high efficiency and very high E-selectivity, and products are easily isolated.
Effects of temperature and clustering on mobility of ions in carbon dioxide (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of temperature and clustering on mobility of ions in carbon dioxideZ. Berant, Z. Karpas, and O. ShahalCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 21, 7529–7532Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100358a052https://doi.org/10.1021/j100358a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gene Structure and Expression (1996)

This book, first published in 1996, is a concise yet fully informative coverage of the structure and function of genes. It describes DNA and how it replicates, how DNA is transcribed and translated into proteins, the organisation of genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the control of gene expression and the role of retroviruses and oncogenes in cancer. There are additional discussions of gene families, genes and the immune systems and mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. This is a third edition of a successful undergraduate text. It has been extensively updated, particularly in regard to advances in our understanding of replication and transcription
Post-Processing for Convolutive Blind Source Separation (2006)

Convolutive blind source separation (BSS) aims at separating point sources from mixtures picked up by several sensors. In real-world environments moving speakers, background noise and long reverberation are encountered which often degrade the performance of BSS algorithms. In such cases, the application of a post-filter can improve the output signal quality by suppression of residual cross-talk and of background noise. In this paper we propose a novel technique to estimate the necessary power spectral densities of the cross-talk components and present a robust system which allows to further suppress both, the remaining interference from point sources and the background noise. Experimental results show the benefit of this post-processing method in realistic environments
An agent architecture for vehicle routing problems (2001)

Article Share on An agent architecture for vehicle routing problems Authors: Sam R. Thangiah Al and Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA Al and Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PAView Profile , Olena Shmygelska Al and Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA Al and Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PAView Profile , William Mennell Al and Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA Al and Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '01: Proceedings of the 2001 ACM symposium on Applied computingMarch 2001 Pages 517–521https://doi.org/10.1145/372202.372445Published:01 March 2001Publication History 21citation1,289DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads1,289Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Fundamental Investigations of CdTe Deposited by MBE for Applications in Thin-Film Solar Photovoltaics (2014)

Model CdTe systems –both single-crystalline (sx) and poly-crystalline (px) –are investigated experimentally as a means to understand the role of competing material properties and processing steps in improving the performance of standard thin-film solar cells. Previous device optimization work is reviewed explaining the close space sublimation growth technique and ongoing analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy. This is followed by motivation for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth studies of CdTe and the results of fundamental material investigations. The results show that (a) the minority carrier lifetimes in hetero-epitaxial layers is limited by surface recombination, (b) source selection and anneals can be tuned to achieve p-type carrier density of 6x1015 cm-3, and (c) counter-intuitively, the increase in p-density is associated with increased mobility in lower crystal quality samples, suggesting the role of anneal. Finally, controlled and re-growth of px-CdTe by MBE studies are discussed with results indicating that shorter lifetimes are directly correlated with the increased surface/interface density.
Experimental Adaptive Bayesian Tomography (2015)

We discuss an experimental realization of an adaptive quantum state tomography protocol. The method we suggested and tested takes advantage of a Bayesian approach to statistical inference and is naturally tailored for adaptive strategies. For pure states we observe close to 1/N scaling of infidelity with overall number of registered events N, while best non-adaptive protocols allow for 1 N scaling only. This is the theoretical limit for any tomographic protocol, and further improvement may only affect pre-factors in this power law. Also we consider particular strategies of the state reconstruction based on adequate and inadequate models and compare their scaling. Experiments have been performed for polarization qubits and ququarts, but the approach is readily adapted to any dimension. Our method does not take into account systematic errors caused, for example, by inaccuracies in retardant plates rotation. However for the reached values of infidelities of on the order of 10 – 10 we did not observe any deviations from expected behavior and were not able to identify the influence of systematic errors.
Polycrystalline ZrN1-xCx Layers with (111) Preferred Orientation Prepared by the Carbothermal Nitridation of ZrO2 Ceramics (2008)

Polycrystalline ZrN1-xCx layers have been prepared by the carbothermal nitridation of consolidated ZrO2 ceramics. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the formation of ZrN1-xCx is favored by increasing the reaction temperature and the pressure of N2. The kinetics in the carbothermal nitridation is studied, and the overall reaction is considered to be controlled by the infiltration and diffusion of gaseous reactants. From the surface to the center, the sample shows a porosity gradient due to the difference in reaction degree. A strong (111) preferred orientation is observed in the as-synthesized ZrN1-xCx layers, which is enhanced at elevated temperatures and higher pressures of N2. It is proposed that the growth of ZrN1-xCx crystals takes place by the two-dimensional nucleation and growth mechanism.
Los tres "páramos" del SE de la Cuenca del Duero y su cronoestratigrafía (2006)

Three stratigraphic units have been distinguished in the SE sector of the Duero Basin: Lower, and Upper Paramo Units. Each Unit ends by compact lacustrine limestones called paramos that today form mesas landscape. The Lower Paramo limestone level disappears todwards the west of Adrada de Haza, whereas the Intermediate Paramo limestone level increases in thickness and in morphology development in the same direction. The chronostratigraphy of these units and their correlation with the centre of the basin could be estimated by means of palaeontological sites in the stratigraphic sections and the new high-resolution magnetostratigraphic results. This sedimentary record ranges in age from Middle Aragonian, at the lower part, to Upper Vallesian, at the Upper Paramo Limestones.
High-level languages (2007)

There are several interesting compilation tools on the market for synthesizing FPGA circuits from "high" level languages. These tools advertise the ability to generate high-quality FPGA circuits from a variety of specification formats such procedural languages (C, Fortran, etc.), modeling languages (SystemC), or from signal flow graphs. These tools claim significant improvements in design productivity by allowing the designer to operate at higher levels of abstraction than available with traditional RTL-level synthesis.Some claim that these high-level tools will completely change the way we design FPGAs. Those with this view believe that these tools will replace today's design approaches and VHDL/Verilog design will "wither away" like assembly language programming. They believe that the FPGA designer of the future will only need basic programming skills to create a high-quality FPGA designs. The arcane RTL design methodology used today will be a thing of the past. Others believe that these tools are just another fad in the long line of failed high-level design tools. They suggest that procedural languages like C are ill-suited to express the fine-grain parallelism available in hardware. Further, the synchronization/timing semantics needed to implement parallel hardware are not available. Perhaps of most concern to those in this camp is the lower quality circuits synthesized by these tools. What good is a high-level tool if it can't meet your timing or performance constraint? If high-level tools are successful, those with this view believe they will be limited to small niche markets with limited appeal to the average designer.What is the future of FPGA design? Will higher-level design tools finally provide the productivity and quality that has been promised? Or, are these tools just another passing fad? This panel will address these questions and discuss the future FPGA design. The panel will include experts from a variety of perspectives including representatives from high-level tool vendors, FPGA manufacturers, and experienced designers. Each panelist will give a brief summary of their views on this topic, followed by questions and lively debate. Audience participation is actively encouraged and audience members will have the opportunity for asking questions and making statements.
IFN-γ-induced increase in the mobility of MHC class II compartments in astrocytes depends on intermediate filaments (2012)

Since reactivity of astrocytes is a hallmark of many CNS pathologies, it is likely that the up-regulation of IFs under such conditions allows a faster and therefore a more efficient delivery of MHC class II molecules to the cell surface. In vivo, such regulatory mechanisms may enable antigen-presenting reactive astrocytes to respond rapidly and in a controlled manner to CNS inflammation.
Optimising the changing role of the community pharmacist: a randomised trial of the impact of audit and feedback (2016)

Comparative pharmacy performance feedback increased the provision of asthma pharmacists' services but did not improve the performance on medication-use measures. Billing data can be used to evaluate the impact of billable services rendered by pharmacists on the quality of patients' medication use.
Estrogen biosynthesis: 2β-hydroxy-19-oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione revisited (1993)

Current evidence is consistent with the view that biosynthesis of estrogens by human microsomal placental aromatase proceeds through several different pathways. One of the proposed mechanisms of aromatization of androgens involves the intermediacy of 2β-hydroxy-19-oxoandrost-4-ene-3.17-dione 1a. It is shown that incubation of 2β[18OH]-1b with placental aromatase gave HC18OOH which differs from previous observations. The incorporation of isotopic oxygen in the formic acid is consistent with the view that one of the alternative routes of estrogen elaboration may involve a 2β,19-dioxygenated androgen.
Response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to Increased NADH and ATP Demand (2011)

Adenosine phosphate and NAD cofactors play a vital role in the operation of cell metabolism, and their levels and ratios are carefully regulated in tight ranges. Perturbations of the consumption of these metabolites might have a great impact on cell metabolism and physiology. Here, we investigated the impact of increased ATP hydrolysis and NADH oxidation rates on the metabolism of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 by titration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and overproduction of a water-forming NADH oxidase, respectively. Both perturbations resulted in a reduction of the biomass yield and, as a consequence of the uncoupling of catabolic and anabolic activities, in an amplification of the net NADH regeneration rate. However, a stimulation of the specific carbon uptake rate was observed only when P. putida was challenged with very high 2,4-dinitrophenol concentrations and was comparatively unaffected by recombinant NADH oxidase activity. This behavior contrasts with the comparably sensitive performance described, for example, for Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The apparent robustness of P. putida metabolism indicates that it possesses a certain buffering capacity and a high flexibility to adapt to and counteract different stresses without showing a distinct phenotype. These findings are important, e.g., for the development of whole-cell redox biocatalytic processes that impose equivalent burdens on the cell metabolism: stoichiometric consumption of (reduced) redox cofactors and increased energy expenditures, due to the toxicity of the biocatalytic compounds.
Epithelial (E)-Cadherin is a Novel Mediator of Platelet Aggregation and Clot Stability (2019)

Cadherins play a major role in mediating cell-cell adhesion, which shares many parallels with platelet-platelet interactions during aggregate formation and clot stabilization. Platelets express epithelial (E)-cadherin, but its contribution to platelet function and/or platelet production is currently unknown. To assess the role of E-cadherin in platelet production and function in vitro and in vivo, we utilized a megakaryocyte-specific E-cadherin knockout mouse model. Loss of E-cadherin in megakaryocytes does not affect megakaryocyte maturation, platelet number or size. However, platelet dysfunction in the absence of E-cadherin is revealed when conditional knockout mice are challenged with acute antibody-mediated platelet depletion. Unlike wild-type mice that recover fully, knockout mice die within 72 hours post-antibody administration, likely from haemorrhage. Furthermore, conditional knockout mice have prolonged tail bleeding times, unstable clot formation, reduced clot retraction and reduced fibrin deposition in in vivo injury models. Murine platelet aggregation in vitro in response to thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide is compromised in E-cadherin null platelets, while aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is not significantly different. Consistent with this, in vitro aggregation of primary human platelets in response to thrombin is decreased by an inhibitory E-cadherin antibody. Integrin activation and granule secretion in response to ADP and thrombin are not affected in E-cadherin null platelets, but Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation are attenuated, suggesting a that E-cadherin contributes to aggregation, clot stabilization and retraction that is mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/GSK3β signalling. In summary, E-cadherin plays a salient role in platelet aggregation and clot stability.