gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Water-Castable, Water-Developable Chemically Amplified Negative-Tone Resist (1997)

This paper describes an "environmentally friendly", water-castable, water-developable photoresist system. The chemically amplified negative-tone resist system consists of three water-soluble components: a polymer, poly(methyl acrylamidoglycolate methyl ether), [poly(MAGME)]; a photoacid generator, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)dimethylsulfonium triflate, and a cross-linker, 1,4-butanediol. In the three-component resist system, the acid generated by photolysis of the photoacid generator catalyzes the cross-linking of poly(MAGME) in the exposed regions during postexposure baking, thus rendering the exposed regions insoluble in water. Negative-tone relief images are obtained by developing with pure water. The resist is able to resolve 1 μm line/space features (1:1 aspect ratio) with a deep-UV exposure dose of 100 mJ/cm2 (dose to print). The resist can be used to generate etched copper relief images on printed circuit boards using aqueous sodium persulfate as the etchant. The mechanism of cross-linking has been investigated by model compound studies using 13C NMR.
Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of 1‐(R)‐Phenylethanol: The “Sector Rule” Revisited and an Exploration of Solvent Effects (2004)

Abstract The sensitivity of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of a chiral molecule to structural and environmental changes has been investigated using 1‐( R )‐phenylethanol (1‐PE) as the benchmark solute and cyclohexane and water as the trial solvents. Rotatory strengths associated with the π → π* ( 1 L b ) electronic transition have been calculated ab initio for: (a) isolated 1‐PE, as a function of the dihedral angles within its chiral side chain and between the side chain and the aromatic ring: these confirm the validity of the empirical “sector rule” but with the signs reversed; (b) the singly and doubly hydrated clusters of 1‐PE, isolated in the gas phase; (c) 1‐PE and its singly and doubly hydrated clusters embedded in a polarizable dielectric continuum; and (d) 1‐PE in an aqueous solution interacting with the local hydration shell and with the polarizable dielectric continuum, using averaged solute structures computed from the fluctuating solute and solvent configurations generated via molecular dynamics simulations. The ab initio calculations (conducted with GAUSSIAN 98) employed configuration interaction singles (CIS) or time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) procedures using basis sets of double‐ and triple‐zeta quality. The results have been related to experimental observations and discussed in terms of changes in the molecular geometry and solvent‐induced perturbations.
Trehalose Is a Chemical Attractant in the Establishment of Coral Symbiosis (2015)

Coral reefs have evolved with a crucial symbiosis between photosynthetic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) and their cnidarian hosts (Scleractinians). Most coral larvae take up Symbiodinium from their environment; however, the earliest steps in this process have been elusive. Here we demonstrate that the disaccharide trehalose may be an important signal from the symbiont to potential larval hosts. Symbiodinium freshly isolated from Fungia scutaria corals constantly released trehalose (but not sucrose, maltose or glucose) into seawater, and released glycerol only in the presence of coral tissue. Spawning Fungia adults increased symbiont number in their immediate area by excreting pellets of Symbiodinium, and when these naturally discharged Symbiodinium were cultured, they also released trehalose. In Y-maze experiments, coral larvae demonstrated chemoattractant and feeding behaviors only towards a chamber with trehalose or glycerol. Concomitantly, coral larvae and adult tissue, but not symbionts, had significant trehalase enzymatic activities, suggesting the capacity to utilize trehalose. Trehalase activity was developmentally regulated in F. scutaria larvae, rising as the time for symbiont uptake occurs. Consistent with the enzymatic assays, gene finding demonstrated the presence of a trehalase enzyme in the genome of a related coral, Acropora digitifera, and a likely trehalase in the transcriptome of F. scutaria. Taken together, these data suggest that adult F. scutaria seed the reef with Symbiodinium during spawning and the exuded Symbiodinium release trehalose into the environment, which acts as a chemoattractant for F. scutaria larvae and as an initiator of feeding behavior- the first stages toward establishing the coral-Symbiodinium relationship. Because trehalose is a fixed carbon compound, this cue would accurately demonstrate to the cnidarian larvae the photosynthetic ability of the potential symbiont in the ambient environment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a chemical cue attracting the motile coral larvae to the symbiont.
A COMPARISON OF IMIPRAMINE, CHLORPROMAZINE AND RELATED DRUGS IN VARIOUS TESTS INVOLVING AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS AND ANTAGONISM OF RESERPINE (1964)

Seven structurally-related compounds consisting of three antidepressant drugs (imipramine, desmethylimipramine and amitriptyline), three tranquillizing agents (promazine, chlorpromazine and chlorprothixene) and a hybrid, desmethylpromazine, have been examined in a series of tests involving autonomic functions and antagonism of reserpine. Activities of the compounds in antagonizing reserpine-induced ptosis in rabbits and prolongation of alcohol hypnosis in mice give good correlation with their clinical actions, whilst their activities in augmenting excitation of rats by amphetamine and yohimbine toxicity in mice, and in reversing reserpine-induced bradycardia in rats offer further evidence for drug-induced sensitization to adrenergic or tryptaminic mechanisms, which is not however specific for antidepressant agents. No evidence has been obtained to indicate that a central parasympatholytic action is an important component of the antidepressant activity of imipramine and related drugs.
Einfluss von Typ 2 assoziierten Polymorphismen auf die Gewichtsentwicklung bei Nachkommen von Müttern mit Gestationsdiabetes (2011)

Fragestellung: Kinder von Müttern mit Gestationsdiabetes (GDM) weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko auf, an Adipositas und Typ 2 Diabetes (T2D) zu erkranken. Neben den bisher bekannten Prädiktoren erhöhtes Geburtsgewicht (LGA) und maternale Adipositas weisen neueste Studien darauf hin, dass die Diabetes-assoziierten Genpolymorphismen der HHEX-IDE, CDKAL1 und PPARG2 Genregion mit der Gewichtsentwicklung im Kindesalter im Zusammenhang stehen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, welche Rolle diese Polymorphismen für die Gewichtsentwicklung bei Kindern von Müttern mit GDM spielen.
Blockade of Cd47-Mediated Cathepsin S/Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Signaling Provides a Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2014)

These data suggest that CD47 may be an attractive therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
Abnormalities of Aneural and Innervated Cultured Muscle Fibers From Patients With Myotonic Atrophy (Dystrophy) (1990)

Innervation of human muscle cocultured in monolayer with explants of fetal rat spinal cord plus dorsal-root ganglia produces more mature fibers, which show spontaneous, neurogenic (d-tubocurarine-blocked) contractions. On the innervated myotonic atrophy (MA) muscle fibers, 96% of acetylcholinesterase-stained patches were simple, and only 4% appeared as complicated, pretzel-like, more mature-looking structures; on control innervated fibers, 37% of the acetylcholinesterase patches had the mature appearance. The normal trend from multifocal innervation toward unifocal innervation was decreased in innervated MA muscle fibers. Microelectrode studies compared parameters of cultured aneural muscle fibers and cultured innervated-contracting muscle fibers from 7 patients with MA and 10 control patients. The mean resting membrane potentials of the two groups (aneurally cultured MA muscle fibers and innervated-contracting cultured MA muscle fibers) were 8 and 9 mV lower, respectively, than those of their counterpart controls. The mean amplitude of action potentials, the maximum rate of rise of action potentials in innervated MA muscle fibers, and the action potential amplitude in aneural MA muscle fibers were significantly smaller than in corresponding control fibers.
Gene-Trait Matching and Prevalence of Nisin Tolerance Systems in Lactococus lactis (2021)

<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> cheese starter cultures typically contain a mix of many strains and may include variants that produce and/or tolerate the antimicrobial bacteriocin nisin. Nisin is well-established as an effective agent against several undesirable Gram-positive bacteria in cheese and various other foods. In the current study, we have examined the effect of nisin on 710 individual <i>L. lactis</i> strains during milk fermentations. Changes in milk acidification profiles with and without nisin exposure, ranging from unaltered acidification to loss of acidification, could be largely explained by the type(s) and variants of nisin immunity and nisin degradation genes present, but surprisingly, also by genotypic lineage (<i>L. lactis</i> ssp. <i>cremoris</i> vs. ssp. <i>lactis</i>). Importantly, we identify that nisin degradation by NSR is frequent among <i>L. lactis</i> and therefore likely the main mechanism by which dairy-associated <i>L. lactis</i> strains tolerate nisin. Insights from this study on the strain-specific effect of nisin tolerance and degradation during milk acidification is expected to aid in the design of nisin-compatible cheese starter cultures.
Dihydrocyclobutafuran (1987)

Eine Kombination aus thermischer und photochemischer Reaktion ermöglichte die Synthese der Titelverbindung 1 . Die Identifizierung von 1 basiert auf einem Vergleich berechneter und experimenteller PE‐Anregungsenergien. magnified image
Shared Control : Balancing Autonomy and Human Assistance with a Group of Quadrotor UAVs (2012)

Robustness and flexibility constitute the main advantages of multiple-robot systems with respect to single-robot ones as per the recent literature. The use of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combines these benefits with the agility and pervasiveness of aerial platforms [1], [2]. The degree of autonomy of the multi-UAV system should be tuned according to the specificities of the situation under consideration. For regular missions, fully autonomous UAV systems are often appropriate, but, in general, the use of semiautonomous groups of UAVs, supervised or partially controlled by one or more human operators, is the only viable solution to deal with the complexity and unpredictability of real-world scenarios as in, e.g., the case of search and rescue missions or exploration of large/cluttered environments [3]. In addition, the human presence is also mandatory for taking the responsibility of critical decisions in high-risk situations [4].
Gérard Paré, Les Idées et les Lettres au XIIIe siècle, Le Roman de la Rose. Publications de l’Institut d’Etudes médiévales Albert-le-Grand. Montréal, 1947 (1951)

Micha Alexandre. Gérard Paré, Les Idées et les Lettres au XIIIe siècle, Le Roman de la Rose. Publications de l’Institut d’Etudes médiévales Albert-le-Grand. Montréal, 1947. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 31e année n°2,1951. pp. 256-260.
Mobile IPv6 Operation with IKEv2 and the Revised IPsec Architecture (2007)

This document describes Mobile IPv6 operation with the revised IPsec
architecture and IKEv2. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Migrating resource commitment from mainframe to PC (1994)

A medium-term unit commitment program is critical to the power operation group of a typical power utility. For the Arizona Public Service Company (APS) this means: a 2-to-5 day study period; up to 40 generators; and up to 20 sales/purchases. The original resource commitment system (RES) was envisioned to run on the real time energy management system computer. For many reasons the package was better suited to the corporate mainframe. As overall corporate computer demand was growing at a faster pace than the capability of the corporate mainframe, so turn-around times for typical RES runs were getting longer. APS decided to move RES to a PC platform. To accomplish this, the decision was made to migrate to an OS/2 platform using IBM PS/2, some 80286 and some 80486 based, connected using an Ethernet local area network. The new RES program, the user interface, the conversion of the source code to C, and the conversion of the database are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Definitions, End Points, and Clinical Trial Designs for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Recommendations From the International Bladder Cancer Group (2016)

The International Bladder Cancer Group has developed formal recommendations regarding definitions, end points, and clinical trial designs for NMIBC to encourage uniformity among studies in this disease.
Simple benchtop patterning of hydrogel grids for living cell microarrays (2009)

A living cell microarray consists of an orderly arrangement of cells attached to a solid support such as a glass microscope slide. The chief difficulty of obtaining such arrays is the fabrication of substrates patterned with micro-wells, adhesive spots, or other features to guide orderly cell attachment. Here we report a novel method using woven Nylon mesh to micropattern three-dimensional alginate hydrogel grids on glass slides. The Nylon mesh is both inexpensive and off-the-shelf. By using Nylon mesh we have eliminated any need for lithography, clean room equipment, and microarray printers to generate microarray patterns; thus, this technique can be easily adopted by biological research labs that may lack microfabrication expertise and facilities. We have demonstrated that glass slides micropatterned with hydrogel grids guide the orderly attachment of single fibroblast cells and Schwann cell clusters in microarrays. The fibroblast arrays consisted of 70 microm square compartments at a density of 21,000 compartments per cm(2). The Schwann cell arrays consisted of 100 microm square compartments at a density of 6000 per cm(2). This patterning technique addresses the need for a simple, inexpensive, benchtop method for micro-patterning glass slides and obtaining living cell microarrays.
Generation of gene-modified goats targeting MSTN and FGF5 via zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas9 system (2015)

Recent advances in the study of the CRISPR/Cas9 system have provided a precise and versatile approach for genome editing in various species. However, the applicability and efficiency of this method in large animal models, such as the goat, have not been extensively studied. Here, by co-injection of one-cell stage embryos with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs targeting two functional genes (MSTN and FGF5), we successfully produced gene-modified goats with either one or both genes disrupted. The targeting efficiency of MSTN and FGF5 in cultured primary fibroblasts was as high as 60%, while the efficiency of disrupting MSTN and FGF5 in 98 tested animals was 15% and 21% respectively, and 10% for double gene modifications. The on- and off-target mutations of the target genes in fibroblasts, as well as in somatic tissues and testis of founder and dead animals, were carefully analyzed. The results showed that simultaneous editing of several sites was achieved in large animals, demonstrating that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has the potential to become a robust and efficient gene engineering tool in farm animals, and therefore will be critically important and applicable for breeding.
D2-Tree: A Distributed Double-Layer Namespace Tree Partition Scheme for Metadata Management in Large-Scale Storage Systems (2018)

The behavior of metadata server (MDS) cluster is critically important to the overall performance of today's petabyte-scale or even exabyte-scale distributed file system. How to maintain a high level of both system locality and load balancing is a significant challenge to MDS clusters. However, traditional metadata management schemes, including hash-based mapping and subtree partitioning, have severe bias on either system locality or load balancing. In this paper, we propose D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -Tree, a distributed double-layer namespace tree partition scheme, for metadata management in large-scale storage systems. The innovative idea is to design a greedy strategy to split the namespace tree into global layer and local layer subtrees, of which global layer is replicated to maintain load balancing and the lower-half subtrees are allocated separately to MDS's by a mirror division method to preserve locality. Both theoretical analysis based on empirical cumulative distribution and extensive experiments are provided to validate the efficiency of D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -Tree. Experiments using actual trace data on Amazon EC2 also exhibit the superior performance of D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -Tree compared with much previous literature.
Cognitive changes in schizophrenia-a critical look (1997)

Examination of neuropsychological functioning in schizophrenia indicates that against a background of diffuse impairment, some neurocognitive domains are differentially impaired. These include attention, memory and, to a lesser extent, abstraction and mental flexibility ('executive functions'). The deficits are present at the onset of illness and persist despite clinical improvement. The severity of initial deficits is weakly related to initial severity of symptoms, but a follow-up longitudinal evaluation suggests that the less patients improve in negative symptoms, the less they improve in neuropsychological performance. By contrast, improvement in some positive symptoms is associated with less improvement in some neuropsychological functions. The cognitive deficits are related to data from structural and functional imaging. Lower temporal lobe volume is associated with poorer cognitive abilities, and abnormally high left temporal lobe metabolism is also associated with poorer memory. The interplay between cognitive functioning, measures of brain structure and function, and clinical data is complex and seems to merit intensive and focused investigation. Such work can help elucidate pathophysiologic processes related to the phenomenology of schizophrenia.
Multinodular polymyositis in a patient with human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C virus coinfection (2001)

We report a patient who developed multiple inflammatory muscle masses and generalized polymyositis in the setting of combined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of muscles showed patchy edema which was particularly intense within the nodular masses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed no evidence of either virus within muscle. This report reviews earlier literature on muscle nodules associated with myositis and discusses the differential diagnosis of muscle masses in HIV infection.
Intrasaccular Flow-Disruption Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Preliminary Results of a Multicenter Clinical Study (2012)

Intrasaccular flow disruption is a new endovascular approach for aneurysm treatment. In our preliminary experience, this treatment was feasible and mostly used in bifurcation aneurysms (MCA, BA, ICA) with unfavorable anatomy. Further studies are needed to precisely evaluate the indications, safety, and efficacy of this new technique.
A modified perfusion protocol for pulmonary endarterectomy in a patient with a hematologic malignancy treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2021)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are known to be highly effective in the treatment of various cancers with kinase-domain mutations such as chronic myelogenous leukemia. However, they have important side effects such as increased vascular permeability and pulmonary hypertension. In patients undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, these side effects may exacerbate postoperative complications such as reperfusion edema and persistent pulmonary hypertension. We report on a simple modification of the perfusion strategy to increase intravascular oncotic pressure by retrograde autologous priming and the addition of packed cells and albumin in a patient treated with a TKI.
Deep Near‐Infrared Imaging and Photometry of the Antennae Galaxies with WIRC (2005)

We present deep near-infrared images of the Antennae galaxies, taken with the Palomar Wide-Field Infrared Camera WIRC. The images cover a 4.33' x 4.33' (24.7kpc x 24.7kpc) area around the galaxy interaction zone. We derive J and K_s band photometric fluxes for 172 infrared star clusters, and discuss details of the two galactic nuclei and the overlap region. We also discuss the properties of a subset of 27 sources which have been detected with WIRC, HST and the VLA. The sources in common are young clusters of less than 10 Myr, which show no correlation between their infrared colors and 6 cm radio properties. These clusters cover a wide range in infrared color due to extinction and evolution. The average extinction is about A_V~2 mag while the reddest clusters may be reddened by up to 10 magnitudes.
The nuclear envelope localization of DYT1 dystonia torsinA-ΔE requires the SUN1 LINC complex component (2011)

These data suggest that the disease causing ΔE mutation promotes an association between torA and SUN1 that is distinct to the interaction between LAP1 and ATP-bound torA. This evidence for two NE-localized binding partners suggests that torA may act on multiple substrates and/or possesses regulatory co-factor partners. In addition, finding that the DYT1 mutation causes abnormal association with SUN1 implicates LINC complex dysfunction in DYT1 dystonia pathogenesis, and suggests a gain-of-function activity contributes to this dominantly inherited disease.
Queen Elizabeth II and the Commonwealth: Time to Open the Archives (2022)

On the death of Queen Elizabeth II in September 2022, her son inherited the Crown of the United Kingdom and that of 14 other Commonwealth Realms, as well as the title of ‘Head of the Commonwealth’. The complex network of relationships this entails is poorly understood by the public, the media and increasingly by policy-makers. Our ability to analyse how it has operated over the course of the Queen's 70 years on the throne has been impeded by the Palace’s obsession with secrecy. This has led to the closure and redaction of a vast amount of archival material, some of it dating back to the 1950s. The article argues it is imperative that historians now make the case for the opening of the archives relating to her reign.
Pulsed laser induced acoustic wave propagation and interaction in liquid: experiment and simulation (2008)

In-situ experimental work on laser induced pressure waves in water is presented in this paper. A double frequency Nd:YAG laser(532 nm, 4 ns pulse width) was irradiated on a chromium thin film on quartz substrate in contact with water. A plane pressure wave with high temporal and spatial resolution was generated by the laser induced thermoelastic stress around 8~12 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> below the regime of shock wave generation. The pressure wave was observed to propagate at the speed of sound in water. The plane acoustic wave could be interacted and focused with solid structures. FEM numerical simulations of the aforementioned phenomena are also carried out to solve the 2D transient wave equation and compared with the experimental results.
Reflections on CSEE&T 2006 (2006)

The 19th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&amp;T) was held at the Turtle Bay Resort, on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii, April 19-21, 2006.