gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy on time to change of systemic therapy in extra-cranial renal cell carcinoma metastases. (2016)

533 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has traditionally been refractory to radiotherapy with conventional fractionation, although recent evidence suggests a response to higher doses per fraction. We evaluated local control of extra-cranial metastases from RCC treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Methods: RCC patients with extra-cranial metastases treated with SABR were retrospectively enrolled from a single institution between 2005 and 2015. A total of 188 lesions were identified from 91 patients. Radiation (8-60Gy) was delivered in 1-5 fractions (fx) using stereotactic guidance. Local control (LC) was determined by imaging according to RECIST 1.1. Results: Median age at the time of treatment was 62.4 years. Metastases were detected in bone (39.9%), lung (14.9%), liver (9.6%), lymph nodes (11.7%) and other sites (23.9%). Ninety-seven (51.6%) lesions reached curative intent while 91 (48.4%) only reached palliative intent. The most common radiation regimens were 20Gy/1fx, 30Gy/3fx, and 40Gy/5fx. One-year overall survival was 76.5% with a median follow up of 10.7 months. Patients treated with curative SABR showed a 2-fold median survival as compared to those treated with palliative therapy (3.97 year vs 1.43 year, p&lt;0.05). LC rates at 1 and 2 years were 91.4% and 89.7%, respectively. For the patients that failed, median time to local failure was 6.6 months. LC at 1 year significantly improved when treatment was curative (96.1% vs 84.9%, p&lt;0.05), while it decreased in a re-irradiation setting (94.8% vs 46.7%, p&lt;0.05). The median biological equivalent dose (BED) for the lesions that failed was 103Gy, corresponding to 6Gy x 5fx, and was significantly lowered compared to controlled lesions (BED 134Gy). Although 79% of patients developed new lesions within 1 year following SABR, 34.8% did not switch systemic therapy. Switching systemic therapy was delayed in patients treated with curative as compared to palliative SABR (13.4 vs 2.5 months, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: SABR improved LC of extra-cranial RCC metastases and delayed change to systemic therapy. SABR may complement systemic therapy to improve outcome in the present patient population.
Atomically Dispersed Semimetallic Selenium on Porous Carbon Membrane as an Electrode for Hydrazine Fuel Cells (2019)

Electrochemically functional porous membranes of low cost are appealing in various electrochemical devices used in modern environmental and energy technologies. Herein we describe a scalable strategy to construct electrochemically active, hierarchically porous carbon membranes containing atomically dispersed semi-metallic Se, denoted SeNCM. The isolated Se atoms were stabilized by carbon atoms in the form of a hexatomic ring structure, in which the Se atoms were located at the edges of graphitic domains in SeNCM. This configuration is different from that of previously reported transition/noble metal single atom catalysts. The positively charged Se, enlarged graphitic layers, robust electrochemical nature of SeNCM endow them with excellent catalytic activity that is superior to state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. It also has long-term operational stability for hydrazine oxidation reaction in practical hydrazine fuel cell.
Potential Application of Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen for Inducing the Multidirectional Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2013)

Hydrolyzed fish collagen (HFC) has recently attracted considerable attention because of its outstanding bioactivity. However, few studies have been performed to determine the biological effects of HFC on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are often used in regenerative medicine. In this study, the molecular weight, amino acid composition, and contact angle of HFC were measured. The influence of HFC on cell viability and the multidirectional differentiation of BMSCs into osteogenic, endothelial, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neural lineages were also assessed. Furthermore, the mechanism by which HFC promotes osteogenesis was investigated at the protein level. The molecular weight of HFC ranged from 700 to 1300 Da, the contact angle of HFC was approximately 26°, and HFC was found to be composed of various amino acids, including glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. At a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, HFC promoted cell viability, and significantly up-regulated the expression of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and OCN), as well as endothelial markers (CD31, VE-cadherin, and VEGFR2). Western blot results indicated that treatment of BMSCs with 0.2 mg/mL HFC could activate the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and then increase the protein level of RUNX2, while treatment with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, could significantly inhibit the expression of P-ERK and RUNX2. Interestingly, real-time PCR demonstrated that HFC inhibited the expression of adipogenic markers (LPL and ADFP) and chondrogenic markers (aggrecan and COLII), whereas it had no effect on neural differentiation markers (MAP2 and β3-tubulin). In summary, this study suggests that without the use of any additional inducing reagent, HFC has the potential to actively promote osteogenic and endothelial differentiation because of its high hydrophilicity and the optimal extracellular microenvironment supplied by its amino acids. This research also revealed that HFC inhibited adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, but it had no influence on the neural differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs).
Hypercube computing; Connected components (2003)

The connected-components problem is used to illustrate the programming issues that arise when a multiple-instruction/multiple-data hypercube multicomputer is used. These issues include selection of algorithmic abstraction, problem partitioning and mapping, overlapping computation and communication, and load balancing. Performance measures are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermally stimulated field emission from pyroelectric LiNbO3 (1974)

Proximity-imaging techniques are used to observe thermally stimulated field emission (TSFE) from single-domain and multidomain single crystals of LiNbO3. Experimental results are reported and the mechanism responsible for this emission is discussed.
Isolation and Characterization of Human Epidermal Stem Cells (1996)

1. The keratinocytes in human epidermis are constantly turned over and replaced by a population of stem cells located in the basal epidermal layer. Until recently there were no markers allowing the isolation of viable epidermal stem cells. However, it has now been shown that epidermal stem cells can be isolated both in vitro and direct from the epidermis as they express high levels of functional beta 1 integrin family receptors for extracellular matrix proteins. 2. The evidence for integrins as stem cell markers and the insights that have been gained into stem cell behaviour are reviewed.
An Icosahedron-based Method for Pixelizing the Celestial Sphere (1996)

For power spectrum estimation it's important that the pixelization of a CMB sky map be smooth and regular to high degree. With this criterion in mind the ``COBE sky cube" was defined. This paper has as central theme to further improve on this elegant scheme which uses a cube as projective base - here an icosahedron is used in its place. Although the sky cube is excellent, a further reduction of 20 percent of the number of pixels can be obtained while the pixel distance is maintained, and without any degradation of accuracy for integration. The pixels are rounder in this scheme where they are hexagonal rather than square, and the faces are small in this implementation which simplifies area-equalization. The reason distortion is lessened is that the faces are smaller and therefore more flat. To use the method, you can get a FORTRAN code from the Internet.
HardIDX: Practical and Secure Index with SGX (2017)

Software-based approaches for search over encrypted data are still either challenged by lack of proper, low-leakage encryption or slow performance. Existing hardware-based approaches do not scale well due to hardware limitations and software designs that are not specifically tailored to the hardware architecture, and are rarely well analyzed for their security (e.g., the impact of side channels). Additionally, existing hardware-based solutions often have a large code footprint in the trusted environment susceptible to software compromises. In this paper we present HardIDX: a hardware-based approach, leveraging Intel's SGX, for search over encrypted data. It implements only the security critical core, i.e., the search functionality, in the trusted environment and resorts to untrusted software for the remainder. HardIDX is deployable as a highly performant encrypted database index: it is logarithmic in the size of the index and searches are performed within a few milliseconds rather than seconds. We formally model and prove the security of our scheme showing that its leakage is equivalent to the best known searchable encryption schemes. Our implementation has a very small code and memory footprint yet still scales to virtually unlimited search index sizes, i.e., size is limited only by the general - non-secure - hardware resources.
Involvement of fungi and bacteria in enhanced and nonenhanced biodegradation of carbendazim and other benzimidazole compounds in soil (1990)

The relationship between chemical structure and the enhancement of microbial degradation of three benzimidazole compounds in soil was determined. Preapplication of methyl benzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (carbendazim or MBC), 2-aminobenzimidazole (2AB), and benzimidazole enhanced their degradation upon repeated application (self-enhanced degradation). MBC and 2AB cross-enhanced the degradation of each of these two compounds, whereas benzimidazole did not enhance the degradation of MBC. Thiabendazole (TBZ) did not enhance its own degradation or cross-enhance the degradation of MBC. No increase in the number of MBC-degrading fungi or in the capacity of soilborne fungi to degrade MBC was detected in soil exhibiting enhanced MBC degradation (MBC-history). A sharp increase in esterolytic activity in the microsomal fraction of Alternaria alternata capable of degrading MBC in culture was induced by the presence of MBC in the growth medium. 2AB was the main metabolite of MBC that accumulated in A. alternata cultures and in cell-free preparations. MBC was degraded much faster by mixed bacterial cultures that originated from MBC-history soil than in cultures from MBC-nonhistory soil. Fluctuations in the MBC degrading capacity of mixed bacterial cultures occurred during repeated subculturing of the mixed culture. Inoculation of nonhistory soil with mixed bacterial cultures resulted in enhanced MBC degradation, whereas inoculation with A. alternata did not enhance MBC degradation. It is suggested that while fungi contribute to MBC dissipation in soil, bacteria have a greater role in enhanced biodegradation of MBC in soil.
CDR-MAC: A Protocol for Full Exploitation of Directional Antennas in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for full exploitation of directional antennas in wireless networks. The protocol introduces a circular directional transmission of the Request To Send (RTS) control packet, spreading around a station information about the intended communication. The stations that receive the directional RTS, using a simple scheme of tracking the neighbors' directions, defer their transmission toward the beams that could harm the ongoing communication. In this way, the proposed protocol takes advantage of the benefits of directional transmissions as the increase of spatial reuse and of coverage range. Additionally, it reduces the hidden-terminal problem, as well as the deafness problem, two main factors for the decrease of the efficiency of directional transmissions in ad hoc networks. The performance evaluation of the protocol shows that it offers a significant improvement in static, as well as mobile, scenarios, as compared to the performance of the proposed protocols that use omnidirectional or directional transmissions.
N,N-Diarylthiazol-5-amines: Structure-Specific Mechanofluorochromism and White Light Emission in the Solid State (2020)

Abstract A range of N,N-diarylthiazol-5-amines having a 4-pyridyl group on a thiazole ring were developed, and their photophysical properties were elucidated. Their synthesis was achieved by applying our methods to the combination of N-arylmethyl secondary thioamides and N,N-diarylthioformamides. This enabled us to obtain amines with different types of aromatic groups on the nitrogen atom. Their absorption and emission spectra in solution were examined. The 4-pyridyl group gives higher polarity to the amines. The solid-state emissions of the amines were also evaluated. Several amines showed mechanofluorochromism (MFC). A 4-pyridyl group on a thiazole ring was a requisite for the expression of MFC properties. Although N-(5-thiazolyl) N,N-di(2-naphthyl)amines did not exhibit MFC by grinding of the pristine powder, white-light emission was observed when the ground powder was fumed with acetone vapor.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,6-Methylated Piperazines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of 2,6-Methylated PiperazinesJohn W. Mickelson, Kenneth L. Belonga, and E. Jon JacobsenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 13, 4177–4183Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00118a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00118a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1519Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Association of hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity with increased risk for systemic comorbidities (2014)

DEAR EDITOR, I read with interest the recent report by Haus et al. 1 about a patient who developed two lesions of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) on the red parts of a tattoo. However, their report deserves a few comments. Many reported pseudolymphomas on tattoos involve T cells or both T and B cells, and are not attributed 'mainly' to B cells, as described in the manuscript. 2,3 To date, Sangueza et al. 4 in 1992 have published the only well-documented report of the malignant transformation of a T-cell pseudolymphoma into a monoclonal B-cell lymphoma related to a chronic tattoo reaction.
The elemental analyzer sample carousel: loading an autosampler made easy (2001)

Abstract A newly developed device for loading samples into an autosampler attached to an elemental analyzer is described and evaluated. The purpose of the device is to reduce the time and number of errors experienced when loading samples into an autosampler. Tests show that the new device saves time when loading samples and, more importantly, reduces the chance of losing samples. In addition to analyzing the elemental components (e.g. % carbon and % nitrogen) and the elemental ratios (e.g. C/N) of a sample, the stable isotopic composition (e.g. δ 13 C and δ 15 N) can also be determined when an EA is attached to a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Anti-reflection coated vacuum window for the Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) balloon-borne instrument (2021)

Measuring the faint polarization signal of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) not only requires high optical throughput and instrument sensitivity but also control over systematic effects. Polarimetric cameras or receivers used in this setting often employ dielectric vacuum windows, filters, or lenses to appropriately prepare light for detection by cooled sensor arrays. These elements in the optical chain are typically designed to minimize reflective losses and hence improve sensitivity while minimizing potential imaging artifacts such as glint and ghosting. The Primordial Inflation Polarization ExploreR (PIPER) is a balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the polarization of the CMB radiation at the largest angular scales and characterize astrophysical dust foregrounds. PIPER's twin telescopes and detector systems are submerged in an open-aperture liquid helium bucket dewar. A fused-silica window anti-reflection (AR) coated with polytetrafluoroethylene is installed on the vacuum cryostat that houses the cryogenic detector arrays. Light passes from the skyward portions of the telescope to the detector arrays through this window, which utilizes an indium seal to prevent superfluid helium leaks into the vacuum cryostat volume. The AR coating implemented reduces reflections from each interface to <1% compared to ∼10% from an uncoated window surface. The AR coating procedure and room temperature optical measurements of the window are presented. The indium vacuum sealing process is also described in detail, and test results characterizing its integrity to superfluid helium leaks are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF HIGHLY ANTIBACTERIAL 3‐VINYLCEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Aus den Cephemoxid‐Derivaten (I) und (VI) werden nach verschiedenen Methoden durch Kondensation mit dem Sulfoxid (II) und thermische Eliminierung eines Sulfoxidrestes sowie durch Wittig‐Reaktion des Aldehyds (VI) mit dem Phosphoran (VII) die Vinylcephemderivate (IV) und (VIII) hergestellt.
A clinical perspective of IL‐1β as the gatekeeper of inflammation (2011)

An expanding spectrum of acute and chronic non-infectious inflammatory diseases is uniquely responsive to IL-1β neutralization. IL-1β-mediated diseases are often called "auto-inflammatory" and the dominant finding is the release of the active form of IL-1β driven by endogenous molecules acting on the monocyte/macrophage. IL-1β activity is tightly controlled and requires the conversion of the primary transcript, the inactive IL-1β precursor, to the active cytokine by limited proteolysis. Limited proteolysis can take place extracellularly by serine proteases, released in particular by infiltrating neutrophils or intracellularly by the cysteine protease caspase-1. Therefore, blocking IL-1β resolves inflammation regardless of how the cytokine is released from the cell or how the precursor is cleaved. Endogenous stimulants such as oxidized fatty acids and lipoproteins, high glucose concentrations, uric acid crystals, activated complement, contents of necrotic cells, and cytokines, particularly IL-1 itself, induce the synthesis of the inactive IL-1β precursor, which awaits processing to the active form. Although bursts of IL-1β precipitate acute attacks of systemic or local inflammation, IL-1β also contributes to several chronic diseases. For example, ischemic injury, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, causes acute and extensive damage, and slowly progressive inflammatory processes take place in atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and smoldering myeloma. Evidence for the involvement of IL-1β and the clinical results of reducing IL-1β activity in this broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases are the focus of this review.
26 What tests are useful for ALPS? (2019)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare autosomal immunodeficiency sometimes caused by mutations in 4 genes that affect the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (FAS, FASL, CASP10, CASP8). <h3>Objective</h3> This study evaluated patients’ clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and molecular genetic results in 250 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of ALPS. <h3>Methods</h3> Annexin expression levels and DNT rates were evaluated by FACs, and results were examined with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Normally distributed parameters were compared tested with parametric tests (One Way ANOVA), while abnormal distributions were compared and tested with non-parametric tests (Independent Samples Kruskal Wallis test). <h3>Results</h3> Of the 250 patients, 41 met the criteria for definitive ALPS, from which 14 had abnormal Annexin expression rates, 11 equivocal, and 10 normal. 22 of the 250 patients had suspected ALPS, of which only 1 had abnormal Annexin expression rates, 2 equivocal, and 17 normal. Definitive ALPS patients had a significantly lower annexin expression rate than both patients with suspected ALPS and patients not meeting the ALPS criteria (p=,003). The definitive ALPS patient population also showed higher double-negative T-cell levels than those with suspected ALPS or those with no clinical signs. The data shows that patients with FAS mutations are more likely to have low annexin levels than patients with CASP mutations. Regarding the sFASI, definitive ALPS patients showed higher values compared to patients with no ALPS or suspected ALPS (median sFASI: 186,4; median sFASI: 145,8pg/ml p=0,019; and median sFASI: 64,95pg/ml p=0,007 respectively). IL-10 levels also appeared to be higher in definitive ALPS patients. IL-18 showed no difference. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion, annexin levels are a useful marker for ALPS patients but only with FAS mutations. While DNT rate, IL-10 levels can confirm these results, our data show that IL-18 is a poor marker for ALPS.
Ontogeny of central CO2chemoreception: chemosensitivity in the ventral medulla of developing bullfrogs (2003)

Sites of central CO2 chemosensitivity were investigated in isolated brain stems from Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and frogs. Respiratory neurograms were made from cranial nerve (CN) 7 and spinal nerve 2. Superfusion of the brain stem with hypercapnic artificial cerebrospinal fluid elicited increased fictive lung ventilation. The effect of focal perfusion of hypercapnic artificial cerebrospinal fluid on discrete areas of the ventral medulla was assessed. Sites of chemosensitivity, which are active continuously throughout development, were identified adjacent to CN 5 and CN 10 on the ventral surface of the medulla. In early- and middle-stage tadpoles and frogs, unilateral stimulation within either site was sufficient to elicit the hypercapnic response, but simultaneous stimulation within both sites was required in late-stage tadpoles. The chemosensitive sites were individually disrupted by unilateral application of 1 mg/ml protease, and the sensitivity to bath application or focal perfusion of hypercapnia was reassessed. Protease lesions at CN 10 abolished the entire hypercapnic response, but lesions at CN 5 affected only the hypercapnic response originating from the CN 5 site. Neurons within the chemosensitive sites were also destroyed by unilateral application of 1 mM kainic acid, and the sensitivity to bath or focal application of hypercapnia was reassessed. Kainic acid lesions within either site abolished the hypercapnic response. Using a vital dye, we determined that kainic acid destroyed neurons by only within 100 microm of the ventral medullary surface. Thus, regardless of developmental stage, neurons necessary for CO2 sensitivity are located in the ventral medulla adjacent to CN 5 and 10.