gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific antisera to C1s: Detection of different electrophoretic species of C1s (1969)

Abstract We have recently developed specific antisera to a highly homogeneous form of active C1 esterase (C1̄s̄)2 from human sera, and have shown by immunoelectrophoresis that three electrophoretic positions of C1s can be detected, changing with various experimental conditions. As the results are compatible with the macromolecular nature of the first component of complement, C1(1), and with the hypothesized structural alteration that occurs when C1s is activated from its proesterase form (2), we believe that these findings are of sufficient importance to be described in this communication. Highly purified C1̄s̄, prepared by the method described recently (3), was emulsified in Freund's adjuvant, and 50 µg was injected directly into popliteal nodes of adult rabbits. Three weeks later a second injection of 30 µg was given i.m. and the rabbits were bled one week later.
GSM downlink spectrum occupancy modeling (2011)

In this article the spectrum occupancy of a GSM900 and a DCS1800 band as an analog power or binary quantized power is modeled. In the case of analog power it is presented histograms of the power distribution during one working day. In the case of quantized power it presents the two time statistics, the time period of opportunities distribution and the time between opportunities distribution. The measurement setup is standing in line of sight with the base station. Also, the measurement setup in terms of maximum sensitivity is described and analyzed. Spectrum non occupancy, for a working day, in terms of total time for the GSM900 band and for the DCS1800 band is given.
High precision free spectral range measurement using a phase modulated laser beam (1999)

A simple, new technique for high precision measurement of the free spectral range of an optical cavity is presented. The technique uses a laser beam which is phase modulated at a frequency near an integer multiple of the cavity free spectral range. When the modulation frequency is equal to the integer multiple of the free spectral range, a sharp dip in the component at the modulation frequency of the photocurrent generated by the transmitted beam is observed. Experimental measurements with a precision of 1.5 parts in 107 and theoretical discussion of the mechanism are given.
High‐Throughput Real‐Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (2005)

Abstract Extensive detail on the application of the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) for the analysis of gene expression is provided in this unit. The protocols are designed for high‐throughput, 384‐well‐format instruments, such as the Applied Biosystems 7900HT, but may be modified to suit any real‐time PCR instrument. QPCR primer and probe design and validation are discussed, and three relative quantitation methods are described: the standard curve method, the efficiency‐corrected ΔCt method, and the comparative cycle time, or ΔCt method.
Poly-Hema Sponge: A Biocompatible Calcification Implant (1979)

Poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Poly-HEMA) was investigated for biocompatibility and calcification potential. S.C. and I.M. implants and transplants to subperiosteal sites were examined. The material was judged to be tolerated by the host tissue since no inflammatory or degenerative changes were observed. This study established that calcification does occur. This calcification does not simulate bone formation; osteoblasts were not observed. The x-ray diffraction pattern resembles that of calcium hydroxyapatite.
Generic accounting configuration management for heterogeneous mobile networks (2005)

Accounting performed by network and service providers covers the tasks of determining, collecting, and evaluating information on the service usage of their customers. This information forms the basis of the subsequent charging process. For performing these tasks in case of heterogeneous mobile networks a generic configuration management, specifically tailored at the provisioning of various Internet services is needed. This work defines a role model covering all participating entities of a distributed service provisioning environment for mobile networks together with key requirements. In addition, it outlines different accounting scenarios and proposes an architecture for a generic, technology- and service-independent configuration management of accounting in a distributed, mobile, and multi-provider environment. In turn, the approach specifies required configuration and state information in network components. Finally, a use case with an inter-domain scenario provides an example for the proposed accounting configuration management process.
Effects of symmetric periodic extension for multiwavelet filter banks on image coding (2003)

Biorthogonal wavelet filter banks combined with symmetric periodic extension have been successfully used in image coding and image denoising for many years. Since the symmetric periodic extension can only be applied to linear-phase filters, only biorthogonal wavelets can be used. However, multiwavelets could have properties like symmetry and orthogonality, short support and a high number of vanishing moments, which wavelets cannot possess at the same time. Therefore multiwavelets are very promising as successors to wavelets in these fields. In this paper different extension methods are applied to multiwavelet filter banks and their effects on image coding are discussed.
Testing of TAMU1: A single-aperture block-coil dipole (2002)

The NbTi model dipole TAMU1 was successfully tested at Lawrence Berkeley Lab. The dipole reached 88% of short-sample current on the first quench, and trained rapidly to 98%. The incorporated quench heaters were capable of inducing a plateau quench in <10 msec. The splice resistance was measured to be 0.28 n/spl Omega/ in the multi-kA range, indicating an excellent contact. AC loss properties were studied during ramp studies. Ramps to 1,000 A/s (0.9 T/s) operated at greater than 60% plateau current. The dipole is a success. It is significant that this high-field NbTi dipole operated successfully at short-sample current with minimal training, even though the coil was vacuum-impregnated with epoxy. We attribute this performance in part to the stress management that is integrated into the block-coil geometry.
<title>Real-time, miniaturized optical sensor for motion estimation and time-to-crash detection</title> (1996)

The paper presents a low cost, miniature sensor that is able to compute in real time (up to 1000 frames/sec) motion parameters like the degree of translation, expansion or rotation that is present in the observed scene, as well as the so-called time-to-crash (TTC), that is the time required for a moving object to collide with the sensor. The sensing principle is that of computing and analyzing the optical flow projected by the scene on the sensor focal plane, through a novel algorithmic technique, based on sparse sampling of the image and one-dimensional correlation. The hardware implementation of the algorithm is based on two custom VLSI chips: one is a CMOS image sensor, having nonstandard pixel geometry, while the other one is a digital correlator that computes at high speed the optical flow vectors. The high-level control and communication tasks are managed by a microcontroller, thus guaranteeing a high level of flexibility and adaptability of the sensor properties towards different application requirements and/or variable external conditions.
Distinct CDR3 Conformations in TCRs Determine the Level of Cross-Reactivity for Diverse Antigens, but Not the Docking Orientation (2008)

T cells are known to cross-react with diverse peptide MHC Ags through their alphabeta TCR. To explore the basis of such cross-reactivity, we examined the 2C TCR that recognizes two structurally distinct ligands, SIY-K(b) and alloantigen QL9-L(d). In this study we characterized the cross-reactivity of several high-affinity 2C TCR variants that contained mutations only in the CDR3alpha loop. Two of the TCR lost their ability to cross-react with the reciprocal ligand (SIY-K(b)), whereas another TCR (m67) maintained reactivity with both ligands. Crystal structures of four of the TCRs in complex with QL9-L(d) showed that CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3beta conformations and docking orientations were remarkably similar. Although the CDR3alpha loop of TCR m67 conferred a 2000-fold higher affinity for SIY-K(b), the TCR maintained the same docking angle on QL9-L(d) as the 2C TCR. Thus, CDR3alpha dictated the affinity and level of cross-reactivity, yet it did so without affecting the conserved docking orientation.
Expression of a CARD Slows the Retinal Degeneration of a Geographic Atrophy Mouse Model (2019)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been linked to oxidative damage and para-inflammation, an activation of inflammasome signaling in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the underlying choriocapillaris. Herein, we tested the efficacy of a gene-delivered caspase-1 inhibitor in controlling the retinal degeneration observed in two models of RPE-choroid oxidative damage. In an acute model of oxidative stress (NaIO3 injection), eyes pre-treated with the sGFP-TatCARD (trans-activator of transcription; caspase activation and recruitment domain) vector demonstrated a recovery of retinal function and partial protection of RPE structure 1 month after damage, in contrast with control-treated eyes. In a model of chronic oxidative stress (RPE-specific deletion of <i>Sod2</i>), eyes treated with the sGFP-TatCARD vector after the onset of degeneration had a significantly slower decline in retinal function when compared to control-treated eyes. Earlier treatment of this model with the same adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector resulted in a greater protection of RPE function in eyes treated with the TatCARD when compared to control-treated eyes. Our results demonstrate that intravitreal delivery of sGFP-TatCARD reduces inflammation and can protect the retina from both acute and sustained oxidative damage within the RPE and choroid. Therefore, gene therapy with a cell-penetrating inflammasome inhibitor such as CARD may stem the progression of AMD.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE 2‐HALOOCTANES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1975)

Abstract Aus dem optisch aktiven Tosylat (I) erhält man mit KF, LiCl, KBr oder LiJ die aktiven 2‐Halogen‐octane (II) und mit Lithiumazid das Azid (III).
Relationships between the Radon–Wigner and fractional Fourier transforms (1994)

Two recently described transforms are shown to be related. The Radon–Wigner transform is the squared modulus of the fractional Fourier transform. This new theorem may serve to translate signal and image processing results between different signal representations. Some consequences regarding moments are presented, including a new fractional-Fourier-transform uncertainty relation. Implications for processing are suggested.
STED microscopy detects and quantifies liquid phase separation in lipid membranes using a new far-red emitting fluorescent phosphoglycerolipid analogue (2012)

We have developed a bright, photostable, and far-red emitting fluorescent phosphoglycerolipid analogue to probe diffusion characteristics of lipids in membranes. The lipid analogue consists of a saturated (C18) phosphoethanolamine and a hydrophilic far-red emitting fluorescent dye (KK114) that is tethered to the head group by a long polyethylenglycol linker. In contrast to reported far-red emitting fluorescent lipid analogues, this one partitions predominantly into liquid ordered domains of phase-separated ternary bilayers. We performed fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with a super-resolution STED microscope (STED-FCS) to measure the lateral diffusion of the new lipid analogue in the liquid ordered (Lo) and disordered (Ld) phase. On a mica support, we observed micrometer large phases and found that the lipid analogue diffuses freely on all tested spatial scales (40-250 nm) in both the Ld and Lo phase with diffusion coefficients of 1.8 microm2 s(-1) and 0.7 microm2 s(-1) respectively. This indicates that the tight molecular packing of the Lo phase mainly slows down the diffusion rather than causing anomalous sub-diffusion. The same ternary mixture deposited on acid-cleaned glass forms Lo nanodomains of < 40 nm to 300 nm in diameter as only revealed by STED microscopy, which demonstrates the severe influence of interactions with the substrate on the sizes of domains in membranes. When averaging over different positions, STEd-FCS measurements on such glass supported membranes displayed anomalous sub-diffusion. This anomaly can be attributed to a transient partitioning of the lipid analogue into the nano-domains, where diffusion is slowed down. Our results suggest that STED-FCS in combination with a Lo-partitioning fluorescent lipid analogue can directly probe the presence of Lo nano-domains, which in the future should allow the study of potential lipid rafts in live-cell membranes.
Semi automatic rubber tree tapping machine (2016)

Hevea brasiliensis/Rubber tree is considered to be the most predominant plantation crop in Kerala which was found to be the major source of income for the 11.5 lakh planters within Kerala. Due to the availability of natural rubber from foreign countries at cheaper price, the current market price as well as the demand of Indian rubber is decreasing. Unfortunately in addition to low income from rubber, non availability of skilled laborers and the increased labor charges prevent the planters from continuing tapping in their plantations. Even though laborers are available for low cost, they cannot be utilized for this job since it requires good tapping skills and prior experience. This paper discusses a semi automatic rubber tapping machine at an affordable price which can be used by an unskilled labor. This proposed machine is a battery powered tool with a specially designed cutting blade and guide mechanism, supported by a sensory system which assists the operator to perform tapping of required quality and standards on all trees in a plantation. For validating the concept a prototype is being developed and tested.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐PHENYLTHIOALLYL ALCOHOLS AND THEIR USE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DIKETONES AND CYCLOPENTENONES (1977)

Abstract Phenylvinylsulfid (I) liefert mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid in Tetrahydrofuran/Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid bei ‐60°C und n‐Hexanal das Addukt (II), das mit Diketen in den Carbonsäureester (III) übergeht.
A Comparison of In Vitro Nucleosome Positioning Mapped with Chicken, Frog and a Variety of Yeast Core Histones (2013)

Using high-throughput sequencing, we have mapped sequence-directed nucleosome positioning in vitro on four plasmid DNAs containing DNA fragments derived from the genomes of sheep, drosophila, human and yeast. Chromatins were prepared by reconstitution using chicken, frog and yeast core histones. We also assembled yeast chromatin in which histone H3 was replaced by the centromere-specific histone variant, Cse4. The positions occupied by recombinant frog and native chicken histones were found to be very similar. In contrast, nucleosomes containing the canonical yeast octamer or, in particular, the Cse4 octamer were assembled at distinct populations of locations, a property that was more apparent on particular genomic DNA fragments. The factors that may contribute to this variation in nucleosome positioning and the implications of the behavior are discussed.
Structure and physical properties of cellulose acetate/poly(butylene succinate) blends containing a transition metal alkoxide (2001)

Abstract Two biodegradable polymers, that is, poly(butylene succinate) (BN) and cellulose acetate (CA), were solvent‐cast blended with chloroform. Homogeneous films were obtained from the blend by the addition of tetraisopropyl titanate (TP) as a compatibilizer. We measured the viscosity of the blend solution to investigate the function of TP during the blending process. From the measurement, we conclude that there are interactions among TP, BN, and CA. From optical observation and thermal measurements of the blend films, we found that the structure of blends is in a pseudostable state and that the addition of TP makes the structure units small. From thermogravimetric analyses, we found that the addition of TP decreases the thermal decomposition temperature of the BN/CA blends. From the measurements of mechanical properties of the blends, we found that changing the blend ratio can produce the materials with a wide range of mechanical properties. The hydrolysis of the blends was investigated. The molecular scission of BN/CA blends takes place uniformly not only from the outside but also from the inside of the films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1750–1758, 2002
CRASH RELATED RISKS IN NEW ZEALAND 1989-90 AND 1997-98 (2000)

Large-scale personal interview travel surveys were carried out in New Zealand in 1989/90 and 1997/98. The surveys are unique in that self-reported details were taken of drivers' drinking behaviour to enable estimation of driving after drinking. Between the two surveys, the road toll in New Zealand fell considerably, against a background of continuing traffic growth. Using travel estimates generated by the two surveys, matched with crash data, the changing risks for various road users over the intervening eight-year period are discussed. There has been a large decrease in motorcycling since 1990, leading to a substantial reduction in overall fatalities. Changes in drinking and driving behaviour have been reflected by lower crash involvement by alcohol-affected drivers, particularly among young drivers. There are indications that long unbroken driving trips are becoming more frequent, potentially leading to impaired driving due to fatigue. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E202589.
Protein-carbohydrate ingestion alters Vps34 cellular localization independent of changes in kinase activity in human skeletal muscle (2020)

Abstract The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell size and growth in response to nutrients, however, the mechanisms by which nutrient levels are sensed by mTORC1 in human skeletal muscle are yet to be fully elucidated. The Class III PI3Kinase Vps34 has recently been proposed as a sensor essential for mTORC1 activation following nutrient stimulation. We therefore investigated the effects of increasing nutrient availability through protein-carbohydrate (PRO-CHO) feeding on Vps34 kinase activity and cellular localization in human skeletal muscle. Eight young, healthy males (age – 21 ± 0.5yrs, mean ± SEM) ingested a PRO-CHO beverage containing 20/44/1g PRO/CHO/FAT respectively, with skeletal muscle biopsies obtained at baseline and 1h and 3h post-feeding. PRO-CHO feeding did not alter Vps34 kinase activity, but did stimulate Vps34 translocation toward the cell periphery (PRE (mean±SEM) - 0.273±0.021, 1h - 0.347±0.022, Pearson’s Coefficient (r)) where it co-localized with mTOR (PRE – 0.312±0.018, 1h – 0.348±0.024, Pearson’s Coefficient (r))). These alterations occurred in parallel to an increase in S6K1 kinase activity – 941±164% of PRE at 1h post-feeding). Subsequent in vitro experiments in C2C12 and human primary myotubes displayed no effect of the Vps34-specific inhibitor SAR405 on mTORC1 signalling responses to elevated nutrient availability. Therefore, in summary, PRO-CHO ingestion does not increase Vps34 activity in human skeletal muscle, whilst pharmacological inhibition of Vps34 does not prevent nutrient stimulation of mTORC1 in vitro . However, PRO-CHO ingestion promotes Vps34 translocation to the cell periphery, enabling Vps34 to associate with mTOR. Therefore, our data suggests that interaction between Vps34 and mTOR, rather than changes in Vps34 activity per se may be involved in PRO-CHO activation of mTORC1 in human skeletal muscle.
A Combined Top‐down and Bottom‐up approach for Precise Placement of Metal Nanoparticles on Silicon (2008)

10.1002/smll.200700728 In the Communication by W. K. Choi et al. published in Issue 3/2008 of Small, the full name of one of the authors was given incorrectly; the correct name is Liang Li.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Stable Asthmatics Does Not Cause Pulmonary Inflammation (1990)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has become an important tool for evaluating changes in airway cells and fluid in asthma, and it may give insights into mechanisms of bronchial inflammation. Many factors contribute to airway inflammation in asthma including, possibly, airway instrumentation. To establish whether BAL leads to diffuse airway inflammation in stable asthmatics, we performed paired BAL studies (24 h apart) in eight subjects with mild asthma whose prebronchoscopy spirometric results were similar on both days. Airflow limitation did not occur in any subject after bronchoscopy. We observed no significant changes in BAL volume return, cell differential, lymphocyte subsets, reactive oxygen species metabolism by air-space cells, or BAL total protein. There was a slight increase in second-day BAL total cell return. We conclude that bronchoscopy and BAL in stable asthmatics with mild disease is not associated with evidence of diffuse airway inflammation.
The Effect of Curing Temperature on Physical and Chemical Properties of Geopolymers (2011)

Fly ash–based geopolymers required heat to increase the geopolymerization process in order to obtain higher compressive strength. As such, geopolymer samples were prepared using different curing temperatures (room temperature, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C), in which sodium silicate and NaOH were used as alkaline activators. The samples were cured for 24 hours in the oven and tested on the seventh day. The result revealed that the maximum compressive strength (67.04 MPa) was obtained at a temperature of 60 °C. However when the geopolymers sample cured at temperature more than 60 °C, the compressive strength decreased. From the FTIR spectra, the higher content of Si on sample cured at 60 °C also contributed to higher compressive strength. Moreover, SEM analysis showed a denser matrix as well as less unreacted fly ash of the sample cured at 60 °C compared to other temperatures.
Mechanisms for optical nonlinearities and ultrafast carrier dynamics inCuxS nanocrystals (1996)

Mechanisms for optical nonlinearities and ultrafast carrier dynamics in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{x}}$S nanocrystals (NC's) are studied using femtosecond pump-probe techniques and nanosecond Z-scan measurements. Depending on the copper deficiency, transient absorption is dominated either by state-filling-induced bleaching [for copper sulfide phases with x = 1.8 (digenite), 1.9, and 1.96 (djurleite)] or by photoinduced absorption [x = 2 (chalcosite)]. This difference is explained in terms of the change in the dominant nonlinear-optical mechanism resulting from an indirect-direct-gap transformation accompanying the increase in copper deficiency. Extremely fast signal relaxation (on the time scale from 400 fs to 4 ps) observed in the initial stage after excitation is attributed to carrier trapping. The existence of different types of nonlinearities in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{x}}$S NC's formed by direct- and indirect-gap phases of copper sulfide is confirmed by results of the Z-scan measurements. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Generally Lack Functional Trg and Tap Chemoreceptors Found in the Majority of E. coli Strains Strictly Residing in the Gut (2006)

The prevalence and function of four chemoreceptors, Tsr, Tar, Trg, and Tap, were determined for a collection of uropathogenic, fecal-commensal, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains. tar and tsr were present or functional in nearly all isolates. However, trg and tap were significantly less prevalent or functional among the uropathogenic E. coli strains (both in 6% of strains) than among fecal-commensal strains (both in > or =50% of strains) or diarrheal strains (both in > or =75% of strains) (P < 0.02).