gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equations of Motion from Data with Hidden Variables (2018)

The experimental data analysis demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct hidden variables in a dynamical system directly from the observables by simultaneously reconstructing the equations of motion for the system. The trajectory method was developed for situations where all the variables required for an embedding of the dynamics can be measured. Unfortunately, this is almost never the case in real experiments. The experimentor frequently cannot measure one or more of the variables, i.e., some variables are hidden. Within the framework of the trajectory method, hidden variables and any preknowledge of the dynamics may be easily incorporated. The greatest advantage of the competing technique is that the resulting models can be interpreted physically so as to understand, as well as forecast, the dynamics. If the goal of modeling is forecasting alone, any approach is acceptable given that the predictions are accurate.
A novel method for the preparation of large cDNA fragments from dengue-3 RNA genome by long RT-PCR amplification. (2000)

For many years, dengue viruses were among the most difficult flaviviruses to isolate and to identify, but technical advances in the past 20 years have facilitated this process. Dengue viruses are usually recovered from specimens by the infection of mosquito-cell cultures. The virus may be passaged several times in cell cultures until a sufficient infectivity titer is attained. The viral nucleocapsid consists of capsid protein and an RNA genome. The dengue genome is a single stranded messenger (positive) sense RNA of approximately 11 kb in length. The isolation of dengue genomic RNA from various sources requires precautions to avoid RNases. RNases are released during cell disruption, and their activity must be inhibited as quickly as possible by using guanidinium thiocyanate in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. There has recently been a revolution in molecular biology with the development of the powerful reverse transcriptase (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Advanced studies on RT technique lead to much further improvement of the reverse transcriptase enzyme by genetic engineering. The Superscript II RNase H- RT (GIBCO BRL, USA) is genetically engineered DNA polymerase that synthesizes a complementary DNA strand from single-stranded RNA. DNA or an RNA-DNA hybrid. This enzyme is produced from a cloned M-MLV RT gene constructed by the introduction of point mutation in the RNase H active center. The selective mutations within the RNase H domain maintain full polymerase activity. This structural modification eliminates degradation of RNA molecules during the first strand cDNA synthesis. The combination of thermostable DNA polymerase with and without proofreading activity (3'-exonuclease activity), improved buffer conditions and thermal cycling profiles overcome the length limitation of PCR. On the basis of these findings, we have developed a long RT-PCR system for preparing large cDNA fragments of dengue 3 virus (H-87) by using the Superscript II RNase H- RT for reverse transcription and a mixture of Taq and Pwo DNA polymerases for PCR. Three large cDNA fragments covered the full genomic RNA from the 5'-end to the 3'-end of dengue-3 virus (H-87; 10,696 bps) could be successfully prepared as the lengths of 2.437 bps, 3,980 bps and 4,337 bps respectively. The ability of our developed long RT-PCR will bring speed and simplicity to genomic mapping and sequencing and facilitate studies in molecular genetics of dengue viruses.
Adhesion in bitumen-aggregate systems and quantification of the effects of water on the adhesive bond (2016)

This research is intended to contribute toward the understanding, development, and implementation of a more fundamental design process for bituminous pavement materials, utilizing thermodynamic properties of the materials involved. The theory developed by van Oss, Chaudhury and Good forms the basis of this research. Optimization of techniques to characterize surface energy, as well as consideration and evaluation of additional factors that influence adhesion in the presence of water, are pursued. A synthesis of theories and mechanisms of bitumen-aggregate adhesion is presented, and existing and potential techniques for surface energy characterization are reviewed to establish firm background knowledge on this subject. The Wilhelmy plate technique was scrutinized and improved methodologies and analysis procedures are proposed. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is introduced as an alternative technique. A reasonable comparison of total surface energy values form these techniques with mechanical surface tension values were found. Results suggest that bitumen surface energies do not vary substantially. Inability of these techniques to detect the effect of a liquid additive is rationalized by the ‘potential’ surface energy concept. Suggestions for a more realistic characterization of bitumen polar surface energy components are presented. A static gravimetric sorption technique was employed to characterize aggregate surface energies. Dynamic vapor sorption was identified as a candidate alternative technique for aggregate surface energy characterization.
Deep Learning Model for Finding New Superconductors (2018)

Exploration of new superconductors still relies on the experience and intuition of experts and is largely a process of experimental trial and error. In one study, only 3% of the candidate materials showed superconductivity. Here, we report the first deep learning model for finding new superconductors. We introduced the method named "reading periodic table" which represented the periodic table in a way that allows deep learning to learn to read the periodic table and to learn the law of elements for the purpose of discovering novel superconductors that are outside the training data. It is recognized that it is difficult for deep learning to predict something outside the training data. Although we used only the chemical composition of materials as information, we obtained an $R^{2}$ value of 0.92 for predicting $T_\text{c}$ for materials in a database of superconductors. We also introduced the method named "garbage-in" to create synthetic data of non-superconductors that do not exist. Non-superconductors are not reported, but the data must be required for deep learning to distinguish between superconductors and non-superconductors. We obtained three remarkable results. The deep learning can predict superconductivity for a material with a precision of 62%, which shows the usefulness of the model; it found the recently discovered superconductor CaBi2 and another one Hf0.5Nb0.2V2Zr0.3, neither of which is in the superconductor database; and it found Fe-based high-temperature superconductors (discovered in 2008) from the training data before 2008. These results open the way for the discovery of new high-temperature superconductor families. The candidate materials list, data, and method are openly available from the link https://github.com/tomo835g/Deep-Learning-to-find-Superconductors.
ERRATUM:The Effects of Temperature, Shear Stress, and Deposit Thickness on EGR Cooler Fouling Removal Mechanism - Part 2 (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;ERRATUM: In the article Reference 24 should read as follows: 24. Han, T., Booth, A., Song, S., Styles, D., and Hoard, J., “Review and A Conceptual Model of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Cooler Fouling Deposition and Removal Mechanism” Proceedings of the Int. Conf. on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning, 2015”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
BODY MASS INDEX & OUTCOMES IN SEVERE SEPSIS PATIENTS MANAGED WITH A THERAPEUTIC SEPSIS GUIDELINE. (2006)

Garcha, Puneet S; Raptis, Derrick N; Schwarcz, Ricardo M; Visco, David N; Patrick, Herbert Author Information
Microbial Production of Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil Microcosms (1996)

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the use of volatile organic microbial metabolites, particularly geosmin and 2‐methylisoborneol, as indicators of activity of specific groups of microorganisms (actinomycetes, bacteria, or fungi) in soil. Substrates and selective antibiotics were added to soil microcosms to establish different soil microbial communities; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace atmosphere of the microcosms were collected by purge‐and‐trap methods and analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Treatments differed in total amount of VOCs produced, numbers and kinds of VOCs detected, and in temporal patterns of VOC production. The greatest total amount of VOCs and largest number of different VOCs were produced in the treatment with greatest actinomycetal and bacterial activity, followed by the treatment dominated by fungal activity. Geosmin was occasionally detected in small amounts but only in microcosms with substantial activity of all three groups of microorganisms (actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi). 2‐Methylisoborneol was regularly detected in significant amounts but only in the treatment dominated by actinomycetes and bacteria. Terpenes were the VOCs produced in greatest quantity in the treatment with the most fungal activity. Results indicate that VOCs from soil may provide information as to the nature of the soil microbial community; however, relating the structure of the microbial community to soil VOC emissions is complicated because VOCs present in natural soils may be derived from a variety of sources and their production is strongly influenced by environmental conditions.
Antitumor Activities of IKP‐104, a 4(1H)‐Pyrizinone Derivative, on Cultured and Implanted Tumors (1990)

Antitumor activities of IKP-104, a 4(1H)-pyrizinone derivative, were investigated with cultured tumor cell lines and implanted tumors in mice. IKP-104 inhibited the growth of cultured murine tumor cell lines (L1210 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma) and human tumor cell lines (K562 leukemia and HeLa cervical carcinoma). It also had antitumor effects on implanted murine ascitic tumors (L1210 leukemia and sarcoma 180) and a murine solid tumor (Lewis lung carcinoma). IKP-104 could be classified as a phase-dependent cytostatic drug based on the mode of growth inhibition of cultured B16 melanoma cells compared with those of several other antitumor agents. The effect of IKP-104 on the cell cycle traverse of cultured B16 melanoma cells was estimated by morphological and flow cytometric analyses. Cells accumulated in the mitotic phase, and abortive mitosis or polyploidy or multinucleation was induced from 6 h after exposure to IKP-104. Based on these results, IKP-104 is expected to be useful for the treatment of tumors, and its mode of action seemed to be similar to that of metaphase arrestants such as colchicine or vinca alkaloids.
Reflectivity spectra of Cd1-xMnxTe, Zn1-xMnxS and Zn1-xMnxSe in the 0.7-8.1 eV energy range (1984)

The reflectivity spectra of Cd 1-x Mn x Te, Zn 1-x Mn x S and Zn 1-x Mn x Se in the 0.7-8.1 eV energy range have been investigated and compared with other known results for these mixed crystals. On the basis of the results obtained a model of the electronic structure of these compounds is proposed.
Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after theExxon Valdezoil spill (2010)

Hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression was measured, as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in livers of wintering harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) captured in areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and in birds from nearby unoiled areas, during 2005 to 2009 (up to 20 years following the spill). The present work repeated studies conducted in 1998 that demonstrated that in harlequin ducks using areas that received Exxon Valdez oil, EROD activity was elevated nearly a decade after the spill. The present findings strongly supported the conclusion that average levels of hepatic EROD activity were higher in ducks from oiled areas than those from unoiled areas during 2005 to 2009. This result was consistent across four sampling periods; furthermore, results generated from two independent laboratories using paired liver samples from one of the sampling periods were similar. The EROD activity did not vary in relation to age, sex, or body mass of individuals, nor did it vary strongly by season in birds collected early and late in the winter of 2006 to 2007, indicating that these factors did not confound inferences about observed differences between oiled and unoiled areas. We interpret these results to indicate that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil up to 20 years after the original spill. This adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that oil spills have the potential to affect wildlife for much longer time frames than previously assumed.
Early evolution of human leucocyte antigen-associated escape mutations in variable Gag proteins predicts CD4+ decline in HIV-1 subtype C-infected women (2016)

The high frequency of escape contributed to rapid disease progression in this cohort. Although HLA-adaption in both conserved and variable Gag domains in the first year of infection was detrimental to long-term clinical outcome, escape in variable domains had greater impact.
Membrane transport. A proton-driven potassium ion pump (1980)

L. A. Frederick, T. M. Fyles, V. A. Malik-Diemer and D. M. Whitfield, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 1211 DOI: 10.1039/C39800001211
What is stressful on the road? Analysis on aggression-inducing traffic situations through self-report (2013)

An exploratory study was designed to understand how drivers perceive and interpret aggression and stress-inducing traffic situations. The goals of the study were to identify the most stressful situations to be used in a follow-on empirical study and to examine the relative rankings of stressful situations across demographic subgroups. Using a convenience sample, our findings support the results from previous studies that gender, history of driving, and driving experience play a significant role in perceiving and interpreting the intentions of others. Drivers who had prior violations and citations perceived others’ behaviors more negatively. Males had more situations related to others’ deliberate aggressive behaviors in their top 15 traffic situations, compared to females. Females had more environmental factors in their top 15 when compared to males. Continuing education and emphasis on improving the driving culture may be helpful in reducing the aggression toward others, especially when the communications between road users are primarily based on non-verbal observations.
Synthesis of a Chiral Receptor Molecule with Converging Amidinium and Hydroxy Groups (1999)

The axially chiral amidinium ion 1 was synthesized by Suzuki cross coupling and by base induced cyclization of an amino nitrile intermediate. Receptor 1 may interact with guest molecules by three converging H-bond donors.
Radiologic Resectability Assessment in Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Complete tumor resection is still the only potentially curative therapy option for patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Surgical exploration is the gold standard for the determination of tumor resectability. Radiological resectability assessment is of great importance because many clearly unresectable cases can be identified preoperatively and it became essential for surgical planning. The evolving surgical and radiological techniques demand a continuous reappraisal of radiological criteria in resectability assessment. In the following, the criteria for resection planning are described along with surgical management and the role of radiology in some innovative surgical concepts is explained.
Degradation of industrial azo dye in aqueous solution by heterogeneous Fenton process (fly ash/H2O2) (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities and efficiency of heterogeneous Fenton process with the use of fly ash from thermal power plants Kolubara, Serbia, as the catalyst in the degradation of industrial azo dye Zetanyl Rosso B-NG. The effects of various experimental parameters such as pH, temperature, concentration of fly ash, the initial concentration of H2O2 and initial concentration of dye on the kinetics and efficiency of decolorization were investigated. Simultaneous leaching of iron from fly ash was monitored. The optimum conditions had been determined, and it was found that decolorization efficiency obtained after 150 min of reaction, was about 98.9%. The optimal parameters were: initial pH = 3; [H2O2]0 = 6 mM; dosage of fly ash = 0.1g/l (for dye concentration of 100 mg/l); temperature = 22 ?C. The effectiveness of the applied treatment for mineralization of dye solution was investigated, under optimal conditions determined by the examination of various factors influencing the decolorization process at the specified contact time. The maximum achieved reduction of total organic carbon content was 96.5%. The results indicate that the reuse of fly ash as the catalyst support in ?OH production in this process achieves significant efficiency in terms of decolorization, 94.4% and mineralization, 89.6%. Futhermore, fly ash showed adequate stability during the reaction (low iron leaching, concentrations under optimal reaction condition were about 2 mg/l).
Synthetic peptide mimics of the active domain of fibronectin (1990)

Conference Article| December 01 1990 Synthetic peptide mimics of the active domain of fibronectin JOHN S. DAVIES; JOHN S. DAVIES *Department of Chemistry, University College Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JACK J. A. ORCHISON; JACK J. A. ORCHISON *Department of Chemistry, University College Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GARETH E. JONES GARETH E. JONES †Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (6): 1326–1328. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0181326 Article history Received: May 01 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JOHN S. DAVIES, JACK J. A. ORCHISON, GARETH E. JONES; Synthetic peptide mimics of the active domain of fibronectin. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1990; 18 (6): 1326–1328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0181326 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
CNN-RNN: A Unified Framework for Multi-label Image Classification (2016)

While deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown a great success in single-label image classification, it is important to note that real world images generally contain multiple labels, which could correspond to different objects, scenes, actions and attributes in an image. Traditional approaches to multi-label image classification learn independent classifiers for each category and employ ranking or thresholding on the classification results. These techniques, although working well, fail to explicitly exploit the label dependencies in an image. In this paper, we utilize recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to address this problem. Combined with CNNs, the proposed CNN-RNN framework learns a joint image-label embedding to characterize the semantic label dependency as well as the image-label relevance, and it can be trained end-to-end from scratch to integrate both information in a unified framework. Experimental results on public benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art multi-label classification model
Mechanical vibrations of freely suspended smectic liquid-crystal films (1992)

The low-frequency vibrations of freely suspended smectic liquid-crystal films are analyzed. The characteristic frequencies for very thin films can be used for the determination of the smectic-liquid-crystal--vapor surface tension. In thick films one can also determine from the vibrational frequencies the compressional elastic constant B for smectic liquid crystals.
Intramuscular Transplantation of Myogenic Cells in Primates: Importance of Needle Size, Cell Number, and Injection Volume (2013)

The aim of this study was to quantitatively define the main measurable technical parameters for the intramuscular transplantation of myogenic cells in primates. Myoblasts transduced with the gene coding for β-galactosidase were injected into the skeletal muscles of 15 monkeys. The following parameters were studied: needle size, number of cells per injection, and volume of cell suspension per injection. Monkeys were immunosuppressed with tacrolimus. The cell-injected sites were biopsied 1 or 2 months later. Biopsies were examined histologically to assess the myoblast engraftment and the muscle structure. The conclusions were as follows: (1) Needles should be thin enough to avoid important tissue damage and allow muscle regeneration as satisfactory as possible. Among those tested, 27G should be the choice if the length is consistent with depth of injection. (2) At least 100,000 cells should be delivered per centimeter of needle trajectory. (3) The smallest volumes of cell suspension per injection should be used. In this study, 1 µl/cm of injection trajectory was sufficient. In principle, these parameters apply to muscles in which no damage occurred other than the injections.
Rotating magnetic micro-robots for versatile non-contact fluidic manipulation of micro-objects (2011)

This work introduces new strategies for fluid-based manipulation of micro-scale objects using rotating magnetic micro-robots at low Reynolds numbers. By rapidly spinning the micro-robots, rotational fluid flow is induced which acts to move the micro-objects by fluidic drag. Acting in parallel, teams of these micro-robots are shown to work together to rapidly move micro-objects along planned “virtual channel”s to goal positions. As the micro-robots are themselves highly mobile, the manipulation trajectories are controlled to achieve accurate, fast manipulation of multiple micro-objects in 2-D environments. Experiments are performed in a viscous oil (50 cSt) to simulate the physics of micro-robots which are small enough to fit through small micro-fluidic channels or blood capillaries. The micro-robot and micro-object motions are characterized to support the proposed strategies. Spherical micro-robots 380µm in diameter are used to manipulate 200µm diameter particles with controllable speeds of up to 3.5 mm/s.