gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>The venom of scorpion<i> B. martensi</i> selectively inhibits transient outward K<sup>+</sup> currents in neonatal rat ventricular cells and K<sub>v</sub><sup>+</sup> channel currents in NG108-15 </b><b>cells </b> (1997)

In this communication, the effects of the venom and/or minimolecular component of Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch (BmK) on nine kinds of Ki or Cl' channels have been scanned under voltage-and patch-clamp recording conditions. The venom showed weak blockade to voltage-gated Ki" channels in NG108-15 cells, while a reversible blocking effect of the minimolecular component on transient outward K+ currents was distinctly observed in neonatal rat ventricular cells. Among nine channels tested, little effect was observed on the other seven channels. The present results suggest that Chinese scorpion BmK contains a novel class of active minimolecule, which selectively binds to Ki channel family, in addition to the known polypeptides which bind to Na+ channels.
Pathologies of the Pericardium (2013)

The pericardium is a very unassuming structure: thin and at the periphery of the heart, it can be easily overlooked. The effects of a diseased pericardium on cardiac function, however, can be signicant and even fatal. It is important that a thorough evaluation of the heart includes the pericardium.
Heart rate, beta-blocker use, and outcomes of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (2018)

In a real-world analysis, high resting HR was common in HFrEF patients and associated with adverse outcomes. Opportunities exist to improve GDMT and achieve HR control.
Influence of Starting Powder Properties on Thermal Barrier Coatings (2000)

Abstract With a view to the development of thermal barrier coatings on turbine blades, such coatings were developed on the basis of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 and optimized with respect to their reproducibility. Particular attention was given to the spray efficiency and, in particular, the coating porosity. The porosity was measured by Hg porosimetry, which proved to be a reliable method of characterization. The plasma gas flows play an important role for a high reproducibility of the coating properties. High reproducibility of the porosity and spray efficiency was achieved for low argon flows, for which the influences of all the other parameters, such as electric arc current, meandering and sample cooling during plasma spraying or the cathode operating time of the burner, were of minor relevance for the coating properties. The spray efficiency is clearly influenced by the given powder rate and the carrier gas flow for the type of burner used. The change of the grain fraction in the plasma jet was examined for two different powders. Finally, thermal cycling tests were carried out and evaluated for pre-optimized thermal barrier coating samples.
High-power generation and transmission through a left-handed material (2005)

In a planar waveguide excited by a line source, we show that infinite modes could be guided and infinite power density could be generated and transmitted if the waveguide is filled with two-layered equal-thickness media, in which one is air and the other is a left-handed antiair (LHAA) with the permittivity $\ensuremath{-}{ϵ}_{0}$ and permeability $\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$. When a small retardation exists in LHAA, the infinite guided modes reduce to a few discrete numbers. However, an extremely high power density is generated and transmitted along the super waveguide. Compared with the conventional air-filled waveguide, the transmitted power density in the super waveguide is nearly $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ times larger if the retardation is ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. We further show that the extremely high power density can be generated and transmitted when the LHAA contains a small loss, and high power can still be achieved even when relatively large retardation and loss exist.
Host–guest chemistry and Fumio Toda (2011)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Temperature Trajectories Correlate With Hyperinflammatory and Hypercoagulable Subphenotypes (2022)

Hypothermics had abnormal coagulation markers, suggesting a hypercoagulable subphenotype. Hyperthermic slow resolvers had elevated inflammatory markers and the highest odds of mortality, suggesting a hyperinflammatory subphenotype. Future work should investigate whether temperature subphenotypes benefit from targeted antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecules of Interest: Genistein. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards Recognizing Tai Chi - An Initial Experiment Using Wearable Sensors (2006)

Abstract. Inexpensive wearable sensors are well-suited for the automatic recognition of many activities occuring in everyday life. But what about fast and involved movements such as those occuring in athletic sports? We tackle this question by studying the feasibility of using bodyworn gyroscopes and acceleration sensors to recognize Tai Chi movements. To this end, we conducted an initial experiment with eight sensors each affixed to four different persons who repeatedly performed three distinct Tai Chi movements. The resulting data confirm that standard thresholding and pattern-matching techniques should suffice to automate the analysis and recognition of the movements. Moreover, the data also seem to allow for distinguishing between certain levels of expertise and quality in executing the movements. 1
High-power x-ray generation using transition radiation (1991)

In experiments using targets consisting of many thin metal foils, we have demonstrated that a narrow, forward-directed cone of transition radiation in the 0.8 to 60 keV spectral range can be generated by electron beams with moderate energies (between 17 and 500 MeV). We have measured the spectral and spatial photon densities of these radiators using low current electron beams. Using high currents, we have measured the total power of these radiators. A total power of 15.2 mW was measured from a beryllium radiator, 8.1 mW from the aluminum radiator, 4.8 mW from the titanium radiator, and 3.6 mW from the copper radiator. These values matched calculated predictions within experimental error. Both x-ray lithography for the production of integrated circuits and Laue diffraction for the study of biological materials are possible applications of this radiation. In particular, using the Al and Be radiators we have exposed photoresist-coated silicon wafers. Exposure times of the bare resist were as short as 120 s for 5 cm<sup>2</sup> of wafer area (this resist had a 230 mj/cm<sup>2</sup> energy dose per unit area). The shortest time for mask/wafer exposure was 180 seconds for 5 cm<sup>2</sup>. Using an Intel mask, we obtained lithographs with features of 0.5 micrometers . In addition, we have calculated that the quasi-monochromatic bandwidth of transition radiation would be feasible for Laue diffraction of biological crystals. By designing transition radiators to emit x rays at the foil material's K-, L-, or M-shell photo-absorption edge, the x-ray spectrum is narrowed. The sources is then quasi-monochromatic and uses an electron beam whose energy is considerably lower than that needed for synchrotron sources.
Artificial DNA through Metal‐Mediated Base Pairing: Structural Control and Discrete Metal Assembly (2004)

DNA shows promise as a provider of a structural basis for the “bottom–up” fabrication of inorganic and bioorganic molecular devices. In particular, the DNA base replacement for alternative base pairing could possibly provide many versatile tools for reengineering DNA as well as biological applications. This review focuses on recent approaches to the replacement of hydrogen-bonded DNA base pairs by alternative ones including metal-based strategy directed toward self-assembled metal arrays within DNAs.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO β,Γ‐UNSATURATED α‐AMINOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1982)

Abstract Ein Weg zur Darstellung der Aminosäuren (V) [von denen E/Z‐(Vb) und E‐(Vc) noch nicht beschrieben wurden] aus den α‐Chlorketonen (I) und Isocyanessigester über die als cis/trans‐Gemische (mit überwiegendem trans‐Isomeren) anfallenden Oxazoline (II) sowie die Stufen (III) und (IV) wird mitgeteilt.
Development and evaluation of pollen source methodologies for the Victorian Grass Pollen Emissions Module VGPEM1.0 (2019)

Abstract. We present the first representation of grass pollen in a 3-D dispersion model in Australia, tested using observations from eight counting sites in Victoria. The region's population has high rates of allergic rhinitis and asthma, and this has been linked to the high incidence of grass pollen allergy. Despite this, grass pollen dispersion in the Australian atmosphere has not been studied previously, and its source strength is untested. We describe 10 pollen emission source methodologies examining the strengths of different immediate and seasonal timing functions, and the spatial distribution of the sources. The timing function assumes a smooth seasonal term, modulated by an hourly meteorological function. A simple Gaussian representation of the pollen season worked well (average r=0.54), but lacked the spatial and temporal variation that the satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) can provide. However, poor results were obtained using the EVI gradient (average r=0.35), which provides the timing when grass turns from maximum greenness to a drying and flowering period; this is due to noise in the spatial and temporal variability from this combined spatial and seasonal term. Better results were obtained using statistical methods that combine elements of the EVI dataset, a smooth seasonal term and instantaneous variation based on historical grass pollen observations (average r=0.69). The seasonal magnitude is inferred from the maximum winter-time EVI, whereas the timing of the season peak is based on the day of the year when the EVI falls to 0.05 below its winter maximum. Measurements are vital to monitor changes in the pollen season, and the new pollen measurement sites in the Victorian network should be maintained.
Forensic inference from genetic markers (1993)

This review provides an overview of forensic inference from genetic markers. Because the judge and jurors are charged with decision-making, the forensic expert's job is to provide a useful summary of the evidence to the court. Hence, this review focuses on the likelihood ratio as a means of summarizing the genetic data for either criminal or civil cases. The properties of the genetic markers frequently used in today's court cases, those being VNTR loci, are discussed in detail. Unlike traditional markers, the data from VNTR loci are complicated because current molecular methods generate data that follow a finite mixture distribution. Critical ancillary issues are also covered, though not in detail.
Adult bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var.domestica) require real-time auditory feedback to produce normal song syntax (1997)

Songbirds develop their songs by imitating songs of adults. For song learning to proceed normally, the bird's hearing must remain intact throughout the song development process. In many species, song learning takes place during one period early in life, and no more new song elements are learned thereafter. In these so-called close-ended learners, it has long been assumed that once song development is complete, audition is no longer necessary to maintain the motor patterns of full song. However, many of these close-ended learners maintain plasticity in overall song organization; the number and the sequence of song elements included in a song of an individual vary from one utterance to another, although no new song elements are added or lost in adulthood. It is conceivable that these species rely on continued auditory feedback to produce normal song syntax. The Bengalese finch is a close-ended learner that produces considerably variable songs as an adult. In the present study, we found that Bengalese finches require real-time auditory feedback for motor control even after song learning is complete; deafening adult finches resulted in development of abnormal song syntax in as little as 5 days. We also found that there was considerable individual variation in the degree of song deterioration after deafening. The neural mechanisms underlying adult song production in different species of songbirds may be more diverse than has been traditionally considered.
Isolation and Characterization of a Rat Brain Triakontatetraneuropeptide, a Posttranslational Product of Diazepam Binding Inhibitor: Specific Action at the Ro 5‐4864 Recognition Site (1989)

This report describes the purification and characterization from rat brain of triakontatetraneuropeptide (TTN, DBI 17-50), a major biologically active processing product of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI). Brain TTN was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with polyclonal octadecaneuropeptide, DBI 33-50) antibodies coupled to CNBr-Sepharose 4B followed by two reverse-phase HPLC steps. The amino acid sequence of the purified peptide is: Thr-Gln-Pro-Thr-Asp-Glu-Glu-Met-Leu-Phe-Ile-Tyr-Ser-His-Phe-Lys-Gln-Ala-Thr-Val - Gly-Asp-Val-Asn-Thr-Asp-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu-Leu-Asp-Leu-Lys. Synthetic TTN injected intracerebroventricularly into rats induces a proconflict activity (IC50 0.8 nmol/rat) that is prevented by the specific "peripheral" benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor antagonist isoquinoline carboxamide, PK 11195, but not by the "central" BZ receptor antagonist imidazobenzodiazepine, flumazenil. TTN displaces [3H]Ro 5-4864 from synaptic membranes of olfactory bulb with a Ki of approximately 5 microM. TTN also enhances picrotoxinin inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-stimulated [3H]flunitrazepam binding. These data suggest that TTN, a natural DBI processing product acting at "Ro 5-4864 preferring" BZ binding site subtypes, might function as a putative neuromodulator of specific GABAA receptor-mediated effects.
Effect of Cyclic Stretch on Tissue Maturation in Myoblast-Laden Hydrogel Fibers (2019)

Engineering of the skeletal muscles has attracted attention for the restoration of damaged muscles from myopathy, injury, and extraction of malignant tumors. Reconstructing a three-dimensional muscle using living cells could be a promising approach. However, the regenerated tissue exhibits a weak construction force due to the insufficient tissue maturation. The purpose of this study is to establish the reconstruction system for the skeletal muscle. We used a cell-laden core-shell hydrogel microfiber as a three-dimensional culture to control the cellular orientation. Moreover, to mature the muscle tissue in the microfiber, we also developed a custom-made culture device for imposing cyclic stretch stimulation using a motorized stage and the fiber-grab system. As a result, the directions of the myotubes were oriented and the mature myotubes could be formed by cyclic stretch stimulation.
Gender differences in stress management, emotional management and emotional expression within the workplace (2010)

In this article, we investigate the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and gender, considering three job-related variables (stress management, emotional management, and emotional expression). Results from a sample of 1025 professionals (475 male, 550 female) demonstrate that there are significant differences between males and females with regard to how their stress and emotions are managed and expressed. Men show greater emotional and stress management skills, while women express more emotion in their responses. Home language, marital status, and age were additional variables that were considered. Marital status was the only factor that was found to influence stress and emotional management. The other factors did not directly influence men's or women's expression or management of their emotions or stress. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Use of Statistical Entropy and Life Cycle Analysis to Evaluate Global Warming Potential of Waste Management Systems (2008)

The statistical entropy (SE) function has been applied to waste treatment systems to account for dilution or concentration effects on metals. We later extended it to account for carbon flows, especially in waste management systems involving thermal treatment. Now, a simple lifecycle “net energy” metric — encompassing the “lost energy” that would have been gained when high-calorific materials are landfilled rather than combusted with energy recovery — is introduced to account for additional influxes of carbon when using landfilling as the primary disposal method. When combining net energy calculations and long terms effects of landfilling, waste to energy (WTE) becomes a more attractive option for dealing with non-recycled municipal solid waste (MSW). A greenhouse gas-forcing factor is also introduced to account for the entropy generating effects of methane. When incorporating forcing and lost energy, WTE performs notably better than landfills with respect to entropy generation and carbon.
Walleye dermal sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase is temperature sensitive (2002)

Walleye dermal sarcoma virus (WDSV) is a piscine retrovirus that replicates naturally in fish at temperatures near 4 degrees C. The reverse transcriptase (RT) protein from virus particles isolated from walleye tumours was purified and biochemically characterized. Like the RT of the distantly related murine leukaemia virus, WDSV RT sediments as a monomer in the absence of template. It exhibits a K(m) of 22 microM for TTP in an assay with poly(rA) as a template and oligo(dT) as a primer. The enzyme is rapidly inactivated at temperatures greater than 15 degrees C. The ratio of RT activity at 15 degrees C to that at 4 degrees C is similar for WDSV and recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1, suggesting that, at least with this template, the fish enzyme is not specially adapted to function more efficiently in the cold.
Comparison of Structural Features of Humins Formed Catalytically from Glucose, Fructose, and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde (2012)

The IR spectra of humins formed during the acid-catalyzed conversion of glucose, fructose, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde were compared. The spectra are quite similar except for three groups of features that can be attributed to furan rings and carbonyl groups conjugated with carbon–carbon double bonds. IR spectroscopy further revealed that benzyl groups could be added to the humins as they formed or in a separate aldol addition/condensation reaction after they had been recovered. The IR spectra are consistent with a model where each of the three reactants must first be converted to 2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal (DHH) before humins can form via subsequent aldol addition and condensation. The differences in the IR spectral features can then be explained by variations in the concentrations of other aldehydes and ketones that can react with DHH.
DNase I sensitivity of ribosomal genes in isolated nucleosome core particles (1980)

The level of chromatin structure at which DNase I recognizes conformational differences between inert and activated genes has been investigated. Bulk and ribosomal DNA's of Tetrahymena pyriformis were differentially labeled in vivo with [14C]- and [3H]-thymidine, respectively, utilizing a defined starvation-refeeding protocol. The 3H-labeled ribosomal genes were shown to be preferentially digested by DNase I in isolated nuclei. Staphylococcal nuclease digested the ribosomal genes more slowly than bulk DNA, probably owing to the higher GC content of rDNA. DNase I and staphylococcal nuclease digestions of purified nucleosomes and of nucleosome core particles isolated from dual-labeled, starved-refed nuclei were indistin-guishable from those of intact nuclei. We conclude from these studies that DNase I recognizes an alteration in the internal nucleosome core structure of activated ribosomal genes.
Prospective grading of graft-versus-host disease after unrelated donor marrow transplantation: a grading algorithm versus blinded expert panel review (2003)

In conjunction with a randomized trial of T-cell depletion versus conventional graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, we assessed GVHD grading by comparing the transplant center 100-day score, a clinically calculated algorithm, and a blinded expert panel review (PR). Weekly skin, gut, and liver clinical staging; clinically verified differential diagnosis; biopsy information; cyclosporine levels; and initiation of treatment were reviewed and graded according to the consensus GVHD grading method modified by a prospectively determined grading algorithm that specified liver and gut downstaging if a differential diagnosis in that organ was identified. Transplant center (TC) determination of maximum grade was compared with the algorithm-calculated grade and the final expert PR. Of 404 patients reviewed, the TC grade concurred with the calculated algorithm grade in 72% (the algorithm upgraded 18% and downgraded 10%), whereas the TC grade agreed with the PR in 77% (the PR upgraded 12% and downgraded 11%). The calculated algorithm grade was nearly fully (92%) concordant with the final PR grade (the PR upgraded 0.7% and downgraded 7%). Blinded, duplicate reviews for quality control (n = 108) agreed with the initial review in 89% of cases. Algorithm and/or PR review reduced the TC-reported incidence of grade II (28% to 23%) and increased grade III (11% to 20%), whereas grade 0 (41% to 42%), grade I (13% to 12%), and grade IV (7% to 6%) were invariant. Recalculation of the algorithm grading without differential diagnosis downstaging reduced agreement with the TC to a small extent. The original algorithm changed 51 (13%) of 404 from grade 0 to II into grade III or IV or vice versa; calculation without the downgrade modified 44 cases (11%). Maximum acute GVHD grade had a major effect on 2-year disease-free survival, but assignment by TC, calculated algorithm, or final PR grade had little effect on survival within grades or grade categories 0 through II versus III or IV. We conclude that detailed and expert PR yields GVHD scoring that is internally consistent and reproducible with 89% concordance. Weekly recording of GVHD stage along with a calculated grading algorithm acknowledging differential diagnoses results in a final and maximum grade nearly fully concordant with the expert blinded PR. Multicenter prospective GVHD scoring using all available weekly staging and differential diagnosis data can be reliably assessed with a clinically relevant algorithm. This approach can thereby reduce investigator bias, facilitate comparison between centers, and perhaps eliminate the need for an expert PR. This technique should be used in future prospective studies of GVHD prophylaxis.
The polymerization rate of freshly nucleated particles during emulsion polymerization with micellar nucleation (1996)

A simple procedure was developed to account for the contribution of freshly nucleated particles to the total polymerization rate during micellar nucleation. It has been shown that the polymerization rate of the freshly nucleated particles cannot be described by a steady-state solution for a radical population balance over the particle size distribution, i.e., the classical Smith-Ewart recursion relation. Once nucleated, the particles grow for a significant period of time with one radical before either radical desorption or radical absorption, followed by instantaneous bimolecular termination, occur. For most emulsion polymerizations, radical desorption is the dominant process for radical loss of the freshly nucleated particles. A relation for the mean time that the freshly nucleated particles grow with one radical was derived. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.