gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bisphosphonate Therapy for Osteoporosis (2003)

Bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis began with off-label use of etidronate in the 1980s. Alendronate (1995) and rise-dronate (1999). are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis and for patients with osteoporosis due to glucocoprticoid treatment. These compounds increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fractures of the vertebrae, hips, and other nonvertebral sites. The body of evidence for both safety and efficacy of bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis is stronger than for any other agent. Bisphosphonates are safe and well tolerated and represent the agents of choice for most patients with osteoporosis.KeywordsBone Mineral DensityVertebral FractureZoledronic AcidPostmenopausal OsteoporosisBone Turnover MarkerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Ascorbate stimulation of PAT cells causes an increase in transcription rates and a decrease in degradation rates of procollagen mRNA (1984)

Procollagen alpha 2 (I) mRNA can be induced congruent to 6-fold in primary avian tendon (PAT) cells on addition of ascorbate to the culture medium. Previously, we have shown that the induction is linear after a 12 h lag and requires a total of 60-72 h to achieve maximum levels. We have now investigated in more detail the changes that have occurred in the metabolism of procollagen mRNA in fully induced cells to account for the observed induction. Ascorbate was found to triple the rate of procollagen gene transcription. In addition, there was a stabilization of the mRNA causing the half-life to increase from 10.5 h to 20 h. The increased stability of the procollagen mRNA, however, did not correlate with its ability to bind to oligo (dT)-cellulose. Since a 3-fold change in transcription rates and a 2-fold increase in half-life would account for the 6-fold overall increase in procollagen mRNA levels, we conclude that these are the primary alterations caused by ascorbate addition that give rise to the specific increase in procollagen mRNA.
The Activator-Binding Site of Onchocerca volvulus S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase, a Potential Drug Target (2003)

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. In many eukaryotes its activity is stimulated specifically by putrescine. The AdoMetDC of the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus, however, is not only stimulated by putrescine but also by the naturally occuring polyamines spermidine and spermine. Several diamines, acetylated polyamines and polyamine analogues were used to analyse what molecular prerequisites are needed to stimulate nematode AdoMetDC activity. In the absence of an activator, the O. volvulus enzyme exhibits an extremely low specific activity. This fact, together with the unspecificity of activator binding, was thought to be useful for a new strategy to inhibit nematode AdoMetDC activity. Therefore, different polyamine analogues were tested as competitive inhibitors towards the stimulatory effect putrescine has on the O. volvulus and, in comparison, on the Caenorhabditis elegans and human AdoMetDC. Bis(aralkyl)- and bis(alkyl)-substituted polyamine analogues with a 3-7-3 backbone were found to inhibit AdoMetDC activities, however, probably without interfering with the putrescine stimulation. The best inhibitor, BW-1, was about 10-fold more effective against O. volvulus AdoMetDC than against the human enzyme. Unexpectedly, BW-1 was determined to be a competitive inhibitor with respect to AdoMet, having a Ki value of 310 microM for the putrescine-stimulated human AdoMetDC. Furthermore, we show for the O. volvulus and the human enzyme that the degree of inhibition by BW-1 depends on the actual putrescine concentration.
Pilot study: fenofibrate for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (2010)

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 235–242 Summary Background Newer therapies are needed for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Fenofibrate is a fibric acid postulated to regulate immune response and cell proliferation. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fenofibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and incomplete response to UDCA. Methods We undertook a pilot study involving 20 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥ 2× ULN. Nonparametric statistical tests and Spearman correlation test were used as appropriate. Results Twenty patients received fenofibrate (160 mg/day) in addition to UDCA for 48 weeks. Median serum ALP decreased significantly at 48 weeks compared with baseline values [351 (214–779) U/L at baseline vs. 177 (60–384) U/L at 48 weeks, P < 0.05]. A rebound in ALP occurred upon drug discontinuation. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and Immunoglobulin M also decreased significantly, while bilirubin and albumin remained unchanged. Median IL-1 decreased from 28.9 (2.7–10 000) to 11.3 (2.5–277.7) pg/mL (P = 0.049), and median IL-6 from 4.6 (3.2–5205) to 3.5 (3.2–73.4) pg/mL (P = 0.027). Heartburn was the most frequent adverse event, leading to discontinuation of two study subjects. Conclusions Combination therapy of fenofibrate and UDCA induced significant biochemical improvement in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and incomplete response to UDCA. Further studies are warranted.
New strategy for the identification of prostate cancer: The combination of Proclarix and the prostate health index (2022)

Results of this study show that both Proclarix and PHI accurately detect the presence of csPCa. The model combining Proclarix and PHI revealed the synergistic effect and improved the diagnostic performance of the individual tests.
Consumer genomics will change your life, whether you get tested or not (2018)

With more than 10 million genotyped customers, the consumer genomics industry is maturing and becoming a mainstream phenomenon. At last, innovations and applications, some unforeseen, are being brought to the masses.
Integration of unsupervised clustering, interaction and parallel coordinates for the exploration of large multivariate data (2004)

Parallel coordinates are widely used in many applications for visualization of multivariate data. Because of the nature of parallel coordinates, the visualization technique is often used for data overview. However, when the number of tuples to be visualized becomes very large, this technique makes it difficult to distinguish the overall structure. In This work we present a novel technique which uses a classification approach, the self-organizing map (an unsupervised learning algorithm), to solve this problem by creating an initial clustering of the data. By initially only visualizing the resulting representational clusters, the inherited global structure can be shown. Using linked views and allowing the user to perform drill-down and filtering on these representations reveals the single data items without loss of context.
Incoherent SAC OCDMA system at 7&#x00D7;622Mbps (2006)

We demonstrate experimentally an incoherent spectral amplitude coding OCDMA system with seven simultaneous users. BER better than 5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> at 622 Mbps is reported for a fully loaded network; error-free transmission is obtained for five simultaneous users.
Effects of Y and La Additions on the Processing and Properties of a Second Generation Single Crystal Nickel‐Base Superalloy CMSX‐4® (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Material Experimental Results Discussion Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgement
Computational challenges for macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography and solution NMRspectroscopy (1993)

Macromolecular structure determination by X-ray crystallography and solution NMR spectroscopy has experienced unprecedented growth during the past decade.
Characterization of a three-dimensional SOI integrated-circuit technology (2008)

This paper describe the process and test results after single tier circuit fabrication as well as after three-tier integration, determine impact of 3D vias on ring oscillator performance, and demonstrate functionality of single and multi-tier circuits of varying complexity.
Initiation of droxidopa during hospital admission for management of refractory neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in severely ill patients (2019)

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common cause of hospitalization, particularly in the elderly. Hospitalized patients with OH are often severely ill, with complex medical comorbidities and high rates of disability. Droxidopa is a norepinephrine precursor approved for the treatment of neurogenic OH (nOH) associated with autonomic failure that is commonly used in the outpatient setting, but there are currently no data regarding the safety and efficacy of droxidopa initiation in medically complex patients. We performed a retrospective review of patients started on droxidopa for refractory nOH while hospitalized at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between October 2014 and May 2017. Primary outcome measures were safety, change in physician global impression of illness severity from admission to discharge, and persistence on medication after 180-day follow-up. A total of 20 patients were identified through chart review. Patients were medically complex with high rates of cardiovascular comorbidities and a diverse array of underlying autonomic diagnoses. Rapid titration of droxidopa was safe and well tolerated in this cohort, with no cardiovascular events or new onset arrhythmias. Supine hypertension requiring treatment occurred in four patients. One death occurred during hospital admission due to organ failure associated with end-stage amyloidosis. Treating physicians noted improvements in presyncopal symptoms in 80% of patients. After 6 months, 13 patients (65%) continued on droxidopa therapy. In a retrospective cohort of hospitalized, severely ill patients with refractory nOH, supervised rapid titration of droxidopa was safe and effective. Treatment persistence was high, suggesting that symptomatic benefit extended beyond acute intervention.
Characterization of essential oil of parsley (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of essential oil of parsleyJames E. Simon and James QuinnCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 3, 467–472Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00081a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LDPC coded modulation for terabit optical Ethernet (2011)

Polarization-multiplexed-QAM requires huge QAM constellations to reach Tb/s-range with commercially-available symbol rates. In this invited paper, we describe four techniques to enable multi-Tb/s Ethernet, while employing reasonable signal-constellation sizes: four-dimensional (4D)-coded-modulation, 4D-multiband-coded-OFDM, generalized-OFDM, and spatial-domain-based-coded-modulation.
Effect of whole-body (18)F-FDG PET imaging on clinical staging and management of patients with malignant lymphoma. (2001)

This survey-based study of referring physicians indicates that FDG PET has a major impact on the management of lymphoma patients, contributing to changes in clinical stage in 44% and changes in treatment in >60% of cases.
Genotype–phenotype modeling considering intermediate level of biological variation: a case study involving sensory traits, metabolites and QTLs in ripe tomatoes (2015)

Modeling genotype-phenotype relationships is a central objective in plant genetics and breeding. Commonly, variations in phenotypic traits are modeled directly in relation to variations at the DNA level, regardless of intermediate levels of biological variation. Here we present an integrative method for the simultaneous modeling of a set of multilevel phenotypic responses to variations at the DNA level. More specifically, for ripe tomato fruits, we use Gaussian graphical models and causal inference techniques to learn the dependencies of 24 sensory traits on 29 metabolites and the dependencies of those sensory and metabolic traits on 21 QTLs. The inferred dependency network which, though not essentially representing biological pathways, suggests how the effects of allele substitutions propagate through multilevel phenotypes. Such simultaneous study of the underlying genetic architecture and multifactorial interactions is expected to enhance the prediction and manipulation of complex traits.
The airborne magnetometer (1946)

Abstract This paper discusses the problem of magnetic exploration for oil from an aircraft. A new type of saturation magnetometer is described. Various orientation and stabilization schemes and their application to submarine detection and geophysical prospecting are discussed. It is shown that total-field measurement is far superior to vertical-component measurement. The newest Gulf apparatus using an automatically-stabilized continuously-recording total-field magnetometer is described.
The spectra of flames containing oxides of sulphur (1947)

Abstract The spectra and characteristics of hydrocarbon and related flames containing small amounts of SO2 and SO3 have been studied; observations have been made with a view to elucidating the mechanism of carbon formation in flames. Band systems due to S2, SO, CS and SH occur; this is the first record of the SH band in emission. The mechanism of the formation of these radicals is discussed. The outer cones of flames containing SO2 show strong ultra-violet continuous emission, and this is provisionally attributed to direct association between SO2 and atomic oxygen to give SO3. Failure to obtain luminous reaction between SO2 and atomic oxygen in a discharge tube at room temperature indicates that this reaction requires an activation energy. The formation of SO3 cannot be used as a quantitative test for atomic oxygen in flames. SO3 increases carbon deposition in hydrocarbon flames and it is considered that it can induce chain reactions leading to the polymerization and decomposition of hydrocarbons. These chain reactions are maintained by free radicals which may be produced either by direct reaction of sulphur trioxide with hydrocarbons or indirectly through the formation of peroxides. SO2 and H2S, which reduce carbon deposition, either inhibit the chain processes or remove carbon as soon as it is formed.
Copper concentration in cornea, iris, normal, and cataractous lenses and intraocular fluids of vertebrates (1986)

A method using electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy was developed for the determination of copper (Cu) concentration in the cornea, iris, and lens of a variety of species, including dog, cat, rabbit, horse, and toad. Previously described methods were used to determine Cu in aqueous and vitreous humor. There was little difference between copper levels in the same tissue or fluid across the species. However, there were age and pathology-related changes in Cu concentration of the aqueous humor, cornea, and lens. In the groups of older dogs, the Cu concentration of the aqueous humor and cornea is significantly lower than the two younger groups. In both the dog and rabbit, lenses from young animals have the lowest copper concentration which increases and then finally decreases with age. Canine hypermature cataracts have a significantly higher copper concentration than control dogs of all age groups. There was no correlation between Cu concentration in the intraocular fluids and the cataractous lenses taken from the same eye. The role such an increase in lenticular Cu concentration may play in cataractogenesis needs to be explored.
Steering and filtering white light with resonant waveguide gratings (2017)

A novel thin-film single-layer structure based on resonant waveguide gratings (RWGs) allows to engineer selective color filtering and steering of white light. The unit cell of the structure consists of two adjacent finite-length and cross-talking RWGs, where the former acts as in-coupler and the latter acts as out-coupler. The structure is made by only one nano-imprint lithography replication and one thin film layer deposition, making it fully compatible with up-scalable fabrication processes. We characterize a fabricated optical security element designed to work with the flash and the camera of a smartphone in off-axis light steering configuration, where the pattern is revealed only by placing the smartphone in the proper position. Widespread applications are foreseen in a variety of fields, such as multifocal or monochromatic lenses, solar cells, biosensors, security devices and seethrough optical combiners for near-eye displays.
Inhibitory effect of melatonin on voltage-dependent potassium (Kv4.2) channels (2020)

Melatonin is synthesized in and secreted from the pineal gland as a neurohormone. Secreted melatonin regulates the circadian rhythm. It has been reported that melatonin acts on ion channels directly, or indirectly via the melatonin receptors. The voltage-dependent potassium channel family is expressed in the most types of tissues and contributed to the physiological functions including the regulation of resting membrane potential and the formation of action potential. In this study, the effects of melatonin on voltage-dependent potassium (Kv4.2) channels were analyzed by whole-cell patch clamp techniques. In HEK293 cells stably expressed with Kv4.2 channels, outward currents with fast activation and inactivation were observed by membrane depolarization to +100 mV from the resting potential of -80 mV for 500 ms. The outward currents were clearly reduced by the application of 1 mM melatonin and partly recovered by wash-out. Quantitative real-time PCR data revealed that Kv4.2 channels were highly expressed in pineal glands from the rats. These results suggest that melatonin regulates the activity of Kv4.2 channels in pineal glands, potentially contributing to the regulation of circadian rhythm.
Bifurcation behavior of wind energy generation systems (2010)

Use of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in wind energy generation systems allows variable speed operation by using partially rated back-to-back PWM converters. Although many control schemes have been reported in the literature to address some specific control problems, few has considered the general stability of the entire system. Specifically, bifurcation analysis of the system has not been reported so far. Low-frequency oscillation has been found in a practical power grid system with the wind farm being connected to single-phase constant power loads. In this paper, the rotor speed of the DFIG is used as a variation parameter for bifurcation analysis. Bifurcation diagram of the voltage link capacitor clearly indicates the instability phenomenon of the practical DFIG system in super-synchronous operation when unbalanced single-phase constant power loads are connected to the connecting grid.
Effect of post‐processing heat treatment on the fracture strength of a heat‐pressed dental ceramic (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-processing heat treatment on the fracture strength of a heat-pressed lithium disilicate dental ceramic (OPC 3G). Bar-shaped wax patterns (2 x 4 x 22 mm; n = 60) were invested and heat pressed in an automated pressing machine according to manufacturer's recommendations. The bars were polished to 1200 grit and annealed at 600 degrees C for 1 h. Two groups were left untreated as controls, one of which was Vickers indented in oil prior to testing in three-point bending. Two groups were indented and then heat treated at either 800 or 825 degrees C for 30 min. The corresponding control groups were heat treated, then indented prior to testing. Optical micrographs of the indentations were taken before and after heat treatment under differential interference contrast. The fracture toughness and/or fracture strength of the specimens was determined by the indentation-strength technique in three-point bending. Indentation-generated cracks were not discernible by optical microscopy after heat treatment at either 800 or 825 degrees C for 30 min, even under 1000 x magnification. ANOVA and Tukey's test showed that heat treatment in air at 825 degrees C for 30 min significantly increased the fracture strength of a heat-pressable lithium disilicate ceramic. This result was attributed to healing of the flaws present in the material.
How to reduce and stabilize MPR sets in OLSR networks (2012)

MPR selection is one of the most important and critical functions of OLSR. The OLSR standard specifies an algorithm that has good local properties in terms of number of MPR selected but does not use available information in order to reduce the global number of MPR nodes. MPR selection affects many network properties, from the actual logical topology, to the routing efficiency, to the protocol overhead and the broadcast/multicast delivery. This paper proposes and evaluates two simple modifications to the MPR selection strategy, which are oriented to global properties rather than local `optimality'. The results presented show that even marginal modifications of the heuristic lead to a performance improvement, with, for instance, a reduction of up to 15% in the number of control messages required to maintain the topology, a relevant gain specially when obtained without introducing any overhead in control messages.