gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Area-controlled Electrostatic Actuation of Small Membrane Reflectors (2008)

Membrane mirrors are advantageous in several applications due to their light weight and potential for deployability. Desired optical performance often requires dynamic actuation, however, and electrostatic actuators are frequently employed for this purpose. This paper investigates a variable area/constant voltage method for electrostatic actuation of small circular membrane mirrors designed to meet specified performance requirements for a beam steering and focus/defocus application. The proposed technique involves selective application of a constant voltage to area segments that together make up an electrode pad. The paper shows that a lumped parameter model for this system also has the property of differential flatness (similar to variable voltage/constant area systems), based on which the reference trajectory for membrane deflection can be specified in phase space. The phase space trajectory is derived from the required transient response characteristics (rise time, settling time, etc.). A closed loop system comprised of a controller and an observer is devised using a Lyapunov function-based approach. A `quad cell' beam position finder is used to detect the beam angular deflection and intensity. The overall system is simulated numerically in this paper. The control system is found to provide efficient trajectory tracking for both symmetric and antisymmetric mode excitation. Although the area changes for the proposed system are discrete, the present simulations only consider continuously-variable area actuation.
Persistent Homology: Theory and Practice - eScholarship (2014)

PERSISTENT HOMOLOGY: THEORY AND PRACTICE HERBERT EDELSBRUNNER IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, and Geomagic, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. DMITRIY MOROZOV Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720-8139, USA. Abstract. Persistent homology is a recent grandchild of homology that has found use in science and engineering as well as in mathematics. This paper surveys the method as well as the applications, neglecting completeness in favor of highlighting ideas and directions. 1. Introduction Built on a sequence of spaces and the corresponding homology groups with homo- morphism between them, persistence assesses the interval within which a homology class contributes. Among other situations, this ability is useful when a space is not fixed but depends on the scale of the observation, which is a common sce- nario in the sciences. After a brief review of the historical development, we sketch characteristics of the method. E-mail addresses: edels@ist.ac.at, dmitriy@mrzv.org. This research is partially supported by NSF under grant DBI-0820624, by ESF under the Research Networking Programme, by the Russian Government Project 11.G34.31.0053, and by the DOE Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, under award number KJ0402- KRD047, under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Disclaimer. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal respon- sibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommen- dation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California.
Four‐dimensional flow MRI using spiral acquisition (2011)

Time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast MRI is an important tool for physiological as well as clinical studies of blood flow in the heart and vessels. The application of the technique is, however, limited by the long scan times required. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using spiral readouts to reduce the scan time of four-dimensional flow MRI without sacrificing quality. Three spiral approaches are presented and evaluated in vivo and in vitro against a conventional Cartesian acquisition. In vivo, the performance of each method was assessed in the thoracic aorta in 10 volunteers using pathline-based analysis and cardiac output analysis. Signal-to-noise ratio and background phase errors were investigated in vitro. Using spiral readouts, the scan times of a four-dimensional flow acquisition of the thoracic aorta could be reduced 2-3-fold, with no statistically significant difference in pathline validity or cardiac output. The shortened scan time improves the applicability of four-dimensional flow MRI, which may allow the technique to become a part of a clinical workflow for cardiovascular functional imaging.
Selecting Control Menu on Electric Wheelchair Using Eyeball Movement for Difable Person (2023)

Each country's number of people with disabilities and strokes increases yearly. Hand defects and stroke make them have limitations in doing activities. It caused their hand has paralyzed. Hence, they find it difficult to do daily activities, such as running a wheelchair, choosing a menu on the screen display, and so on. One solution offered is utilizing eye movement as a navigation tool that can replace the role of the user's hand, so they can run a wheelchair independently or choose a menu selection on display by themselves through the movement of their eyes. Detection of eyeball movements in this study only utilizes a camera as a sensor mounted in front of the user. So that it is more practical and easier to use than if we have to pair an electrooculography sensor in the area around the user's eyes. This research proposed a new approach to detect the five gazes (upward, downward, leftward, rightward, and forward) of the eyeball movements by using Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Dynamic Line Sector Coordinate (DLSC). Line Sector Coordinate is used to detect the eyeball movement based on the pupil coordinate position. The eyeball movement direction was analyzed from four lengths of a line. Our proposed method can detect five gaze directions that can be used for selecting four menus on the display monitor. The mean accuracy of our proposed method to detect eye movements for each gaze is 88.6%.
Inhibitory effect of anti-inflammatory agents on cutaneous capillary leakage induced by six marine venoms. (1989)

agents were surveyed for their inhibitory effect on the cutaneous capillary leakage induced by venoms from the following six marine animals: the stonefish Synanceja ver rucosa, the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, the Portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis, the sea anemone Actinodendron plumosum and two species of fire corals Millepora platyphylla and M. dichotoma.
Microfluidic/SERS Detection of Trace Explosives (2008)

Abstract : We have developed a chemical detector combining Free-Surface microfluidics (FSF) with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure air-borne molecules with extremely high sensitivity (parts per trillion) and molecular specificity. The free-surface of a microfluidic material stream allows polar airborne molecules to absorb directly into a microchannel flow, and provides a barrier to non-polar, water insoluble airborne molecules. Explosives molecules are polar and readily absorb into the microchannel flow, whereas many interferent molecules do not absorb. Once absorbed into the flowing liquid within the microchannel, the explosives molecules combine with SERS-active nanoparticles, thereby enhancing the Raman signal by approximately 8-10 orders of magnitude. The molecules adsorbed into the microchannel flow are detected with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), an effect first observed in 1978, which is a highly amplified form of Raman spectroscopy that occurs when molecules reside near appropriately nanostructured surfaces of certain metals. Aside from the alkali metals, silver, gold or copper are ideal SERS-enabling metals, less ideally indium, aluminum and platinum and even less so other metals. Currently, the best reported results are obtained when the SERS-active substrate is composed of closely arrayed, interacting nanoparticles or nanostructures so constructed as to allow the analyte or a portion thereof to occupy small crevices between particles with dimensions in the range 0.5 to 40 nm. The enhancement in signal and therefore in analysis sensitivity brought about by placing the analyte in close proximity to the SERS-active materials is large (up to ~7-10 orders in magnitude), so large that Raman spectroscopic signals arising from single analyte molecules or a small number of analyte molecules may be recorded under favorable circumstances.
Jejunal Metastasis from Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2019)

The renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the 10 most common
types of cancer in men and women, with an incidence of 64,000...
Stability Analysis of Non-Foster-Circuit-Loaded Artificial Magnetic Conductors (2015)

Stability analysis of the mushroom-type artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs), periodically loaded with negative inductor non-Foster circuits (NFCs), is investigated. A transmission line model, with unit cell parameters extracted from a full-wave analysis, is employed. Simply loading a Sievenpiper surface with NFCs is unstable, but stability is achieved if the via inductance is reduced below a critical value. For a stable NFC-loaded AMC, there are no growing waves in the dispersion diagram in the entire frequency range.
Serial comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly head and neck cancer patients undergoing curative radiotherapy identifies evolution of multidimensional health problems and is indicative of quality of life (2014)

Head and neck (H&N) cancer is mainly a cancer of the elderly; however, the implementation of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to quantify functional age in these patients has not yet been studied. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of screening tools [Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), G8 and the Combined Screening Tool 'VES-13 + (17-G8)' or CST], the feasibility of serial CGA, and correlations with health-related quality of life evolution [HRQOL; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ)-C30 and -HN35] during therapy in hundred patients, aged ≥65 years, with primary H&N cancer undergoing curative radio(chemo)therapy. Respectively 36.8%, 69.0%, 62.1% and 71.3% were defined vulnerable according to VES-13, G8, CST and CGA at week 0, mostly due to presence of severe grade co-morbidities, difficulties in community functioning and nutritional problems. At week 4, significantly more patients were identified vulnerable due to nutritional, functional and emotional deterioration. The CST did not achieve the predefined proportion necessary for validation. Vulnerable patients reported lower function and higher symptom HRQOL scores as compared with fit patients. A comparable deterioration in HRQOL was observed in both groups through therapy. In conclusion, G8 remains the screening tool of choice. Serial CGA identifies the evolution of multidimensional health problems and HRQOL conditions during therapy with potential to guide individualised supportive care.
Effects of Adding Epinephrine to Arthroscopic Irrigation Fluid on Cultured Chondrocyte Survival In Vitro (2011)

This in vitro study suggests that arthroscopic irrigation fluid containing 1:3,000,000 epinephrine is less chondrotoxic than solutions containing 1:300,000 epinephrine. Surgeons may wish to use the least amount of epinephrine required for adequate visual clarity during surgery. This study does not establish a contraindication to the use of higher doses of epinephrine.
Inhibitory TCR Coreceptor PD-1 Is a Sensitive Indicator of Low-Level Replication of SIV and HIV-1 (2009)

Ongoing antigenic stimulation appears to be an important prerequisite for the persistent expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1), an inhibitory TCR coreceptor of the CD28 family. Although recent publications have emphasized the utility of PD-1 as a marker for dysfunctional T cells in chronic viral infections, its dependence on antigenic stimulation potentially renders it a sensitive indicator of low-level viral replication. To explore the antigenic threshold for the maintenance of PD-1 expression on virus-specific T cells, we compared PD-1 expression on virus-specific and memory T cell populations in controlled and uncontrolled SIV and HIV-1 infection. In both controlled live attenuated SIV infection in rhesus macaques and HIV-1 infection in elite controllers, elevated levels of PD-1 expression were observed on SIV- and HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, in contrast to chronic wild-type SIV infection and uncontrolled HIV-1 infection, controlled SIV/HIV-1 infection did not result in increased expression of PD-1 on total memory T cells. PD-1 expression on SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells rapidly decreased after the emergence of CTL escape in cognate epitopes, but was maintained in the setting of low or undetectable levels of plasma viremia in live attenuated SIV-infected macaques. After inoculation of naive macaques with a single-cycle SIV, PD-1 expression on SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells initially increased, but was rapidly downregulated. These results demonstrate that PD-1 can serve as a sensitive indicator of persistent, low-level virus replication and that generalized PD-1 expression on T lymphocytes is a distinguishing characteristic of uncontrolled lentiviral infections.
Cone-refringent solid-state bulk laser (2009)

In this paper, we report for the first time to our knowledge a diode pumped cone-refringent Nd:KGW laser in a simple two mirror cavity configuration that produces constant output power and excellent beam quality independent of cavity length even at the edge of stability. We present a simple cavity design rule that predicts the maximum cavity length that is stable for the operation of this laser and also analyse the beam quality of the output.
Comparison of Cohesive Models in EDEM and LIGGGHTS for Simulating Powder Compaction (2018)

The purpose of this work was to analyse the compaction of a cohesive material using different Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulators to determine the equivalent contact models and to identify how some simulation parameters affect the compaction results (maximum force and compact appearance) and computational costs. For this purpose, three cohesion contact models were tested: linear cohesion in EDEM, and simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) and modified SJKR (SJKR2) in LIGGGHTS. The influence of the particle size distribution (PSD) on the results was also investigated. Further assessments were performed on the effect of (1) selecting different timesteps, (2) using distinct conversion tolerances to export the three-dimensional models to standard triangle language (STL) files, and (3) moving the punch with different speeds. Consequently, we determined that a timestep equal to a 10% Rayleigh timestep, a conversion tolerance of 0.01 mm, and a punch speed of 0.1 m/s is adequate for simulating the compaction process using the materials and the contact models in this work. The results showed that the maximum force was influenced by the PSD due to the rearrangement of the particles. The PSD was also related to the computational cost because of the number of simulated particles and their sizes. Finally, an equivalence was found between the linear cohesion and SJKR2 contact models.
Early or late initiation of dabigatran versus vitamin-K-antagonists in acute ischemic stroke or TIA: The PRODAST study (2023)

The early application of dabigatran appears to be safer than VKA administered at any time point with regards to the risk of hemorrhagic complications and in particular for intracranial hemorrhage. This result, however, must be interpreted with caution in view of the low precision of the estimate.
The Effect of Drying around Power Cables on the Vadose Zone Temperature (2018)

Core Ideas We show the impact of soil hydraulic properties on its critical temperature. Ambient conditions have a larger impact in some fields than local soil parameters. We introduce a parameter for optimizing cable backfill based on hydraulic properties. The effects of moisture migration away from power cables depend strongly in most soils on whether the soil has reached the so‐called critical conditions (e.g., critical temperature) for a dry‐out. However, research on how to estimate this critical temperature has been limited. We solved numerically a differential equation for the planar case of steady‐state coupled heat and mass transfer in porous media, using the van Genuchten–Mualem model for the hydraulic properties of the medium. The critical isotherm is assessed by the temperature at which the steepest change occurs in the moisture content with temperature. We considered the impact of the properties of the surrounding medium and of the ambient temperature and moisture content on the dry‐out temperature. We found that seasonal variations in ambient conditions in a field in Italy have a greater impact on the critical temperature than the variations in soil properties in that field (under the assumption of a nearly uniform moisture content with depth). However, our analysis shows that, under certain conditions, a change in the van Genuchten parameter n and in a specific combination of parameters that we call a dynamic parameter can have as large an effect on the critical temperature. This suggests a direction in the optimization of backfill materials.
Tandem Aza[4 + 2]/Allylboration:  A Novel Multicomponent Reaction for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α-Hydroxyalkyl Piperidine Derivatives (2000)

The alpha-hydroxyalkyl piperidine unit is common to several naturally occurring alkaloids and azasugar analogues. Polysubstituted piperidine derivatives of this kind (3), embodying four stereogenic centers, are formed in just a single operation from the highly stereocontrolled reaction of 4-borono-1-azadienes (1), maleimides, and aldehydes. This novel multicomponent reaction which affords as many as four elements of diversity should prove highly valuable in combinatorial chemistry and natural product synthesis.
Figure S4 from Discovery and characterization of ZL-2201, a potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule DNA-PK inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ZL-2201 treatment exhibits potent antitumor efficacy in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Molecularly Ordered Inorganic Frameworks in Layered Silicate Surfactant Mesophases (2001)

Self-assembled lamellar silica-surfactant mesophase composites have been prepared with crystal-like ordering in the silica frameworks using a variety of cationic surfactant species under hydrothermal conditions. These materials represent the first mesoscopically ordered composites that have been directly synthesized with structure-directing surfactants yielding highly ordered inorganic frameworks. One-dimensional solid-state 29Si NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, and infrared spectra show the progression of molecular organization in the self-assembled mesophases from structures with initially amorphous silica networks into sheets with very high degrees of molecular order. The silicate sheets appear to be two-dimensional crystals, whose structures and rates of formation depend strongly on the charge density of the cationic surfactant headgroups. Two-dimensional solid-state heteronuclear and homonuclear NMR measurements show the molecular proximities of the silica framework sites to the structure-directing surfactant molecules and establish local Si-O-Si bonding connectivities in these materials.
Presence detection under optimum fusion in an ultrasonic sensor system (2012)

Reliable presence detection is a requirement in energy-efficient occupancy-adaptive indoor lighting systems. A system of multiple ultrasonic sensors is considered for presence detection, and the performance gain from optimum fusion is studied. Two cases are considered wherein an individual sensor determines presence based on (i) local detection by processing echoes at its receiver, and (ii) the optimum Chair-Varshney fusion rule using multiple sensor detection results. The performance gains of using optimum fusion over local detection are characterized under different sensor system configurations and it is shown that improved detection sensitivity is obtained over a larger detection coverage region.
Increase MPC project efficiency (2001)

Multivariable and closed-loop identification of large scale industrial processes is studied.\nThe proposed asymptotic identification method (ASYM) solves industrial identification\nproblems systematically. The advantages of the new technology are: 1) improved model quality, 2) reduced time for plant test and data analysis, 3) reduced disturbance to unit operation during plant test and 4) user friendliness. To demonstrate the use of the\nmethod, identification of a deethanizer for use in MPC is presented.
Recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine on interstitial source calibration and dosimetry: Implications for dose specification and prescription (2000)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) introduced a national standard for air kerma strength of the ThreaSeed Model 200 103Pd source (the only 103Pd seed available until 1999) in early 1999. Correct implementation of the NIST-99 standard requires the use of dose rate constants normalized to this same standard. Prior to the availability of this standard, the vendor's calibration procedure consisted of intercomparing Model 200 seeds with a 109Cd source with a NIST-traceable activity calibration. The AAPM undertook a comprehensive review of 103Pd source dosimetry including (i) comparison of the vendor and NIST-99 calibration standards; (ii) comparison of original Task Group 43 dosimetry parameters with more recent studies; (iii) evaluation of the vendor's calibration history; and (iv) evaluation of administered-to-prescribed dose ratios from the introduction of 103Pd sources in 1987 to the present. This review indicates that for a prescribed dose of 115 Gy, the administered doses were (a) 124 Gy for the period 1988-1997 and (b) 135 Gy for the period 1997-1999. The AAPM recommends that the following three steps should be undertaken concurrently to implement correctly the 1999 dosimetry data and NIST-99 standard for 103Pd source: (1) the vendor should provide calibrations in terms of air kerma strength traceable to NIST-99 standard, (2) the medical physicist should update the treatment planning system with properly normalized (to NIST-99) dosimetry parameters for the selected 103Pd source model, and (3) the radiation oncologist in collaboration with the medical physicist should decide which clinical experience they wish to duplicate; the one prior to 1997 or the one from 1997 to 1999. If the intent is to duplicate the experience prior to 1997, which is backed by the long-term follow-up and published outcome studies, then the prior prescriptions of 115 Gy should be replaced by 124 Gy to duplicate that experience.