gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Bus Regional Scheduling Travel Plan Organizing Method (2007)

Bus regional scheduling is one scheduling method that resolves the problem about that vehicles are short in rush hours and leave unused in other hours,so to achieve information resource and transport ability sharing.With the service objective of multi-line regional scheduling,the paper provides the regional scheduling optimization model considering scheduling mode and dispatch schedule simultaneously,which aim is the overall optimal society benefit(total passengers waiting cost,cost inside bus and bus company cost are minimum).Moreover the idea of 'scheduling one route after another,then optimizing to be a network' is put forward.And taking three bus lines in Beijing as an example,the model is tested.
Deployment and replenishment of sensors in wireless monitoring networks (2009)

Recent advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, including MEMS sensors, have allowed small, inexpensive, energy-efficient, and reliable sensors with wireless networking capabilities to become a reality. The continuing development of these technologies has given rise to increased interest in the concept of wireless sensor networks (WSN), which have been the subject of extensive research in recent years. A wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes, each consisting of sensing, data processing, and communication components that are deployed onto a region of interest and form a network to directly sense and report on physical phenomena. The goal of a monitoring wireless sensor network is to gather sensor data from a specified region and relay this information to a designated base station (BS). In this thesis, we focus on the problem of deploying and replenishing wireless sensor nodes onto an area such that a given mission lifetime is met subject to constraints on cost, connectivity, coverage, and capacity. The major contributions of this work are (1) a technique for differential deployment (meaning that nodes are deployed with different densities depending on their distance from the base station) in a clustered architecture that extends lifetime beyond lifetime experienced with a uniform deployment (as well as other existing differential techniques); (2) a characterization of the energy consumption in a clustered network and the energy remaining after network failure; (3) a strategy for replenishing nodes consisting of determining the optimal order size and the allocation over the deployment region. The deployment and replenishment strategies are developed through analysis of the design constraints imposed by typical sensor nodes. The result is a set of algorithms that provide differential deployment densities for nodes (clusterhead and nonclusterhead) that maximize network lifetime and minimize wasted energy, and, in cases where a single deployment is not feasible, differential densities for the optimal replenishment order sizes that minimizes deployment costs.
Achilles Tendon Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among Japanese Subjects (2017)

This is the first study to determine a cutoff value for AT-T based on ultrasonography for the diagnosis of FH in Japanese subjects. Clearer detection and easier measurement of AT-T using ultrasonography would encourage clinicians to diagnose FH more actively, and could solve the problem of underdiagnosis of FH.
Toward the realization of 270 km h operation (1985)

La circulation a 270 km/h sur les lignes Tohoku et Joctsu Shinkansen est un objectif qu'il sera possible de realiser en ameliorant la performance des vehicules et les mesures a prendre contre l'environnement. En octobre 1985 un vehicule aux structures ameliorees a fait l'objet d'une serie de parcours d'essais a grande vitesse dans le but d'etudier s'il est souhaitable ou non de porter la vitesse a 270 km/h
EN BLOC TRANSPLANTATION OF THE LIVER, PANCREAS, DUODENUM, SPLEEN, AND KIDNEY IN THE RAT (1977)

Five organs consisting of the liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, and kidney from (Lewis × Brown Norway)F1 rats were transplanted simultaneously as an en bloc graft to Lewis recipients. No immunosuppression was given postoperatively. Serial laporatomies were performed for macroscopic examination and biopsies of the grafts. Macroscopically, the first evidence of rejection was splenic enlargement followed by fatty metamorphotic change of the liver, dilation and loss of peristalsis of the duodenum, and injection of the pancreas. The kidney maintained normal color and consistency until late in the rejection process. Histological examination suggested that the liver and the spleen may be more vulnerable to immune attack, since in these organs cellular infiltration started earlier and was more extensive in comparison to other organs. While the pancreas exhibited a typical, although somewhat delayed rejection pattern, the kidney seemed to maintain a well preserved structure. Interestingly, the duodenum showed no significant cellular infiltration throughout the postoperative period of examination despite severe mucosal destruction.
Morphological remodeling of Coxiella burnetii during its biphasic developmental cycle revealed by cryo-electron tomography (2023)

<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> is an obligate zoonotic bacterium that targets macrophages causing a disease called Q fever. It has a biphasic developmental life cycle where the extracellular and metabolically inactive small cell variant (SCV) transforms inside the host into the vegetative large cell variant (LCV). However, details about the morphological and structural changes of this transition are still lacking. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to image both SCV and LCV variants grown either under axenic conditions or purified directly from host cells. We show that SCVs are characterized by equidistant stacks of inner membrane that presumably facilitate the transition to LCV, a transition coupled with the expression of the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system (T4BSS). A class of T4BSS particles were associated with extracellular densities possibly involved in host infection. Also, SCVs contained spherical multilayered membrane structures of different sizes and locations suggesting no connection to sporulation as once assumed.
Intramyocardial electrograms from spontaneous and paced heart beats, telemetrically recorded from different right ventricular positions (2002)

Intramyocardial electrograms from the spontaneously beating and the paced heart were recorded in 8 heart transplants for rejection monitoring, using telemetric dual chamber pacemakers and two epimyocardial leads, located at two different right ventricular positions. Linear regression analysis of the rejection sensitive parameters showed that the correlation between the two electrodes was significantly higher for the paced than for the spontaneous heart beats.
Successive Electron Transfers to Molecules with Identical Interacting Centers — The Electroreduction of α,ω9,9′-Dianthrylalkanes (1978)

Article Successive Electron Transfers to Molecules with Identical Interacting Centers — The Electroreduction of α,ω9,9′-Dianthrylalkanes was published on January 1, 1978 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 112, issue 1).
Electricity Markets Cleared by Merit Order—Part I: Finding the Market Outcomes Supported by Pure Strategy Nash Equilibria (2008)

In an electricity market cleared by a merit-order economic dispatch we first identify the necessary conditions for the market outcomes supported by pure strategy Nash equilibria (NE) to exist when generating companies (Gencos) game through their incremental cost offers or supply functions. A Genco may own any number of units, each offering to generate power through an incremental cost curve or supply function consisting of multiple blocks. Then, we develop a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) scheme to find the NE without approximations or iterations. In Part II of this paper, we show how to use these NE to derive a dominant offer strategy in terms of gaming or not gaming that best meet the risk/benefit expectations of the participating Gencos. The MILP scheme is tested on several systems of up to 30 generating units, each with four incremental cost blocks. Finally, based on these results, we carry out a number of numerical analyses of how market power is influenced by the number and size of the competing Gencos.
Effects of antiepileptic monotherapy on hematological and biochemical parameters (2019)

Purpose: Severe cytopenia and liver dysfunction are characterized as antiepileptic drug (AED) adverse effects dependent upon an idiosyncrasy. However, in clinical practice, we often find hemato-logical and biochemical changes during AED treatment with causes other than an idiosyncrasy. This study aims to investigate the effect of antiepileptic monotherapy on hematological and biochemical parameters.
Isolation of cytokinins from Corynebacterium fascians. (1966)

Corynebacterium fascians derives its name from the characteristic symptoms of disease which infections by this organism cause in plants.'-4 These symptoms can be imitated by applications of kinetin, alone or in combinations with auxin, to seedlings,5 and the bacterium is known to produce cytokinin, as measured by release of bud inhibition or the retention of chlorophyll in excised tissues.6This report is on the isolation of cytokinins from liquid cultures of C. fascians.Identifications of the isolated substances are reported by Helgeson and Leonard of the University of Illinois in the adjoining article.7Materials, Culture, and Assay Methods.-Cultures of Corynebacterium fascians (strain Cfl isolated by W. H. Burkholder), kindly furnished by Prof. K. V. Thi- mann, were grown in liquid medium somewhat modified from that used by Thimann and Sachs6 to the following composition in grams/liter of tap water: KH2PO4 1.0, NH4NO3 1.0, sucrose 20, L-asparagine 2.5, and thiamine HCl 0.001.A minor element solution8 providing the following constituents in mg/liter of culture medium was also added: H3BO3 0.62, KI 0.083, Na2MO4 2H20 0.025, CoCl2-6H20 0.0025, MgSO4-7H20 37.0, MnSO4-4H20 2.23, ZnSO4 7H20 0.86, CuSO4 5H20 0.0025, and NaFe-EDTA 3.5.The medium was adjusted to pH 7 with 1 N KOH and VOL.56, 1966
Controlled retracting injection point (CRIP) system: a modified-stream method for in situ coal gasification (1981)

The underground coal gasification process, in practice, is subject to various problems that make it difficult to maintain and control an efficient long-term operation. One of the major problems is the need to move the injection point (where the combustion-supporting air or oxygen from the surface is fed into the coal seam) to new areas of unburned coal as the burn progresses. To achieve better control of the gasification process, we recommend the controlled retracting injection point or CRIP system. The controlled retracting injection point or CRIP system is designed to keep the injection point on the bottom of the coal seam and to move it backwards away from the collapse zone into fresh, solid coal. The principle of controlled retraction allows the operator to choose the optimum time and distance to move the injection point, and consequently the burn zone, to get the best possible performance from the gasifier. Although this system will work with coal seams of any thickness, it is particularly well suited to thick coal seams where the cavity grows by coal collapse as well as combustion. Placement of the production channel at the top of the seam above the injection well ensures isolation from themore » effects of collapse and reduces the risk of plugging the production well.« less
Perceived Urgency in Speech Warnings (2000)

Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of acoustics and semantics in verbal warnings. In the first experiment subjects rated the urgency of warning signal words spoken in different presentation styles (URGENT, NON-URGENT, MONOTONE). Significant differences in urgency ratings were found between presentation styles. Acoustic analysis revealed how acoustic parameters differed within these different presentation styles. These acoustic measurements were used to construct synthesised speech warnings that differed in urgency. They were rated in experiment 2 and the predicted differences between the urgency of the words were found. These studies indicate that urgency in natural speech is produced by alterations in a few acoustic parameters and that these alterations can easily be incorporated into synthetic speech to reproduce variations in urgency.
Nitric oxide synthase activity is up-regulated in melanoma cell lines (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) may be an important mediator of tumour angiogenesis and metastasis formation. Tumour cell derived NO may be important in the regulation of angiogenesis and vasodilatation of the blood vessels surrounding a tumour. The aims of the present study were, firstly, to determine whether malignant melanoma cells and normal melanocytes had nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (measured by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline) and, secondly, to determine whether there was a difference in NOS activity between malignant and normal cell types. This paper assays NOS activity directly in lysates from normal human melanocyte and malignant melanoma cell lines. The enzyme activity was not inducible with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and could be heat denatured. The activity of NOS was demonstrated to be both NADPH- and calcium-dependent and it was inhibitable in a dose-dependent manner by the NOS inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. We conclude that melanoma and melanocyte cells express a constitutive form of NOS. Finally, nitric oxide synthase activity in melanoma cell lines was found to be significantly greater than in normal melanocytes. These findings suggest that NO synthesis is elevated in malignant melanoma. An elevated NO concentration in melanoma is expected to promote metastases by maintaining a vasodilator tone in the blood vessels in and around the melanoma.
Delocalization enhancement induced by weak disorder and nonlinearity (2012)

We show theoretically and experimentally for planar and square lattices, that during the initial diffrac-tive broadening of a narrow excitation, small amounts of disorder may enhance delocalization. This effect is amplified by nonlinear propagation.
Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Cancer (2020)

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with a reported prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ranging from 3% to 17%. The increased risk of ACS in these patients seems to be due to the complex interaction of shared cardiovascular risk factors, cancer type and stage, and chemotherapeutic and radiotherapy regimens. The management of ACS in patients with cancer is a clinical challenge, particularly due to cancer's unique pathophysiology, which makes it difficult to balance thrombotic and bleeding risks in this specific patient population. In addition, patients with cancer have largely been excluded from ACS trials. Hence, an evidence-based treatment for ACS in this group of patients is unknown and only a limited proportion of them is treated with antiplatelets or invasive revascularization, despite initial reports suggesting their beneficial prognostic effects in cancer patients. Finally, cancer patients experiencing ACS are also at higher risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality as compared to non-cancer patients. In this review, we will provide an overview on the available evidence of the relationship between ACS and cancer, in terms of clinical manifestations, possible underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Effects of focused ion beam milling on the nanomechanical behavior of a molybdenum-alloy single crystal (2007)

Nanoindentation was performed on a Mo-alloy single crystal to investigate effects of focused ion beam (FIB) milling on mechanical behavior. On a non-FIB-milled surface, pop-ins were observed on all load-displacement curves corresponding to a transition from elastic to plastic deformation. Similar pop-ins were not detected on surfaces subjected to FIB milling. This difference indicates that FIB milling introduces damage that obviates the need for dislocation nucleation during subsequent deformation. A second effect of FIB milling is that it increased the surface hardness. Together, these effects could be the source of the size effects reported in the literature on micropillar tests.
Non-visual effects of light: implications for design (2010)

Light is not just for vision anymore! Illumination design should consider the needs of the visual and non-visual systems. Discussed are the lighting characteristics impacting these systems and the implications for designing light for architecture.
Unbiased tracking with converted measurements (2012)

In many target tracking problems it is advantageous to perform tracking in a different coordinate system than the measurements. In these cases, the measurements require some form of conversion prior to use in tracking. There are two potential issues that arise when performing converted measurement tracking. The first occurs when the measurement conversion results in a biased (converted) measurement. The second is estimation bias that occurs when the estimate of the converted measurement error covariance is correlated with the measurement noise. First, previously proposed unbiased conversions are examined. Following this, the “decorrelated unbiased converted measurement” approach is examined and shown to overcome the issues of conversion bias and estimation bias. Finally this approach is evaluated in a Converted Measurement Kalman Filter (CMKF).
Evaluation of Solder Resists for Module Integration of MWT Solar Cells (2013)

Back contact solar cells reach higher conversion efficiencies in comparison to conventional H-pattern solar cells as shading from front contacts is reduced or omitted. Besides Sunpowers interdigitated back contact cells, metal wrap through (MWT) solar cells are currently the back contact cells closest to large scale market integration. One of the major challenges is to isolate the different electrodes since both emitter and base contacts are on the rear side of the cell. In this work we examine the use of screen printed solder resists as isolation layer. Therefore eight different epoxy based solder resists, which are cured either thermally or via illumination with ultraviolet radiation, are evaluated in terms of the suitability for MWT modules. Our qualification procedure consists of investigations on thermal stability, electric breakdown, mechanical adhesion and printability of the solder resists. We find six out of eight solder resists to meet our requirements. The failure of two solder resists is caused by insufficient isolation properties or poor resistance to temperature and to scratching. Due to their curing time between two and three seconds and the higher electrical breakdown voltage with respect to the applied coating weight, we consider UV cured solder resists as preferable.
LuxCDABE—Transformed Constitutively Bioluminescent Escherichia coli for Toxicity Screening: Comparison with Naturally Luminous Vibrio fischeri (2011)

We show that in vitro toxicity assay based on inhibition of the bioluminescence of recombinant Escherichia coli encoding thermostable luciferase from Photorhabdus luminescens is a versatile alternative to Vibrio fischeri Microtox™ test. Performance of two luxCDABE-transformed E. coli MC1061 constructs (pDNlux) and (pSLlux) otherwise identical, but having 100-fold different background luminescence was compared with the performance of V. fischeri. The microplate luminometer and a kinetic Flash-Assay test format was used that differently from Microtox test is also applicable for high throughput analysis. Toxic effects (30-s till 30-min EC(50)) of four heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu) and three organic chemicals (aniline, 3,5-dichloroaniline and 3,5-dichlorophenol) were studied. Both E. coli strains had comparable sensitivity and the respective 30-min EC(50) values highly correlated (log-log R(2) = 0.99; p < 0.01) showing that the sensitivity of the recombinant bacteria towards chemicals analyzed did not depend on the bioluminescence level of the recombinant cells. The most toxic chemical for all used bacterial strains (E. coli, V. fischeri) was mercury whereas the lowest EC(50) values for Hg (0.04-0.05 mg/L) and highest EC(50) values for aniline (1,300-1,700 mg/L) were observed for E. coli strains. Despite of that, toxicity results obtained with both E. coli strains (pSLlux and pDNlux) significantly correlated with V. fischeri results (log-log R(2) = 0.70/0.75; p < 0.05/0.01). The use of amino acids (0.25%) and glucose (0.05%)-supplemented M9 medium instead of leucine-supplemented saline significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the apparent toxicity of heavy metals to both E. coli strains up to three orders of magnitude, but had little or no complexing effect on organic compounds. Thus, P. luminescens luxCDABE-transformed E. coli strains can be successfully used for the acute toxicity screening of various types of organic chemicals and heavy metals and can replace V. fischeri in certain cases where the thermostability of luciferase >30 °C is crucial. The kinetic Flash Assay test format of the bioluminescence inhibition assay facilitates high throughput analysis. The assay medium, especially in case of testing heavy metals should be a compromise: optimal for the viability/luminescence of the recombinant test strain and of minimum complexing potential.
Computational Studies of Nido-8-Vertex Boranes, Carboranes, Heteroboranes, and the Lewis Base Adduct nido-B8H10L (1998)

An extensive investigation of boranes, carboranes, and heteroboranes falling into the nido-8-vertex electron-count class has been carried out using ab initio methods. The results of this study indicate a nido six-membered open face geometry, ni-8<VI>, is usually the preferred configuration over a nido five-membered open face geometry, ni-8<V>. In only two systems, B(8)H(9)(3)(-) and OB(7)H(7)(2)(-), is a ni-8<V> geometry calculated to be of lowest energy. Attempts to test empirical carbon placement rules along with the skeletal bridge and endo-hydrogen location preferences were also evaluated. The results indicate the nido-8-vertex family is not ideally suited for the application of these empirical rules alone. This is probably due to the open face of these clusters not having homogeneous vertexes and/or not being "rigid". The ab initio/IGLO/NMR method was applied to the disputed B(8)H(10).L and C(4)B(4)H(8) systems. The known nido-B(8)H(10).NEt(3) was found to have a ni-8<VI> geometry with a fluxional bridge hydrogen. The calculations confirmed that the known alkylated derivatives of the nido-C(4)B(4)H(8) carboranes have ni-8<VI> configurations in solution. In an investigation of B(8)H(12), a previously unreported isomer of C(2) symmetry was found which high-level G2MP2 calculations indicate is only 1.6 kcal/mol higher in energy than the lowest energy C(s)() symmetry isomer. This C(2) symmetry isomer is likely the higher energy intermediate in the degenerate interconversion of B(8)H(12) into its mirror image. The transition state for the conversion of the C(s)() to the C(2) symmetry isomer has C(1) symmetry with a barrier of 2.1 kcal/mol at the MP2/6-31G level of ab initio theory.