gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Burden and Epidemiology of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults (2017)

Objectives Pediatric eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), otitis media with effusion (OME), and tympanic membrane retraction (TMR) have been well studied, but no large analyses have described the associated burden beyond childhood. The potential impact and feasibility of prospective trials designed to optimize management of affected adults are thus unclear. Our objectives were therefore (1) to determine the national visit burden associated with ETD/OME/TMR beyond childhood and (2) to examine risk factors specific to adults, highlighting differences in comparison with children. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Setting Ambulatory visits in the United States. Methods Epidemiologic analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2005-2012) included data from 761,291 observations representing 9,369,388,092 visits. Chi-square test with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons was utilized for hypothesis testing. Results Visits related to ETD/OME/TMR exceeded 2 million per annum in patients 0 to 20 years of age (mean 2,625,965; range 2,239,288-3,329,858). Among those >20 years old, visits also exceeded 2 million (mean, 2,025,050; range, 1,550,669-2,353,799). Characteristics differed according to age: whereas ETD/OME/TMR affected more males <20 years, females were more frequently diagnosed in the older age group ( P < .0001). Patients >20 to 40 years of age were the most likely to visit the emergency department ( P = .0022). There were no statistically significant differences per season or region. The related diagnoses of cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media prompted additional visits. Conclusions ETD/OME/TMR is associated with a visit burden for adults that extends beyond childhood. Among adults, there may also be age-related differences in patient characteristics.
Heat Transfer Measurements on the Afterbody of Spheres in Hypersonic Free-Flight in Air and Carbon Dioxide (2015)

The use of thermal imaging techniques to measure convective heat transfer on the forebody of ballistic-range models has previously been demonstrated. Application to the afterbody poses several challenges. In particular, surface temperatures on the afterbody are relatively low, and the hypersonic wake flow is self-luminous and generally radiates much more intensely than the model surface. Approaches to overcome these challenges were explored, and heat-transfer measurements were obtained on the base of spheres in flight through air and CO2 at speeds between 3.33 km/s and 5.11 km/s. Over this range of conditions, the measured heat flux at the base of the sphere averaged 5.8% of the stagnation point heat flux.
Polymers of Higher Olefins (2000)

Abstract The article describes polymeric materials derived from the higher α‐olefins with carbon atom numbers of four or higher as well as polymers of cycloolefins. Crystalline polymers of higher α‐olefins belong to two classes of stereoregular polymers, isotactic and syndiotactic. Isotactic polymers are produced with two types of catalysts, heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts and bridged metallocene catalysts. Other metallocene catalysts produce either crystalline syndiotactic polymers or amorphous atactic polymers. Higher α‐olefins can also be polymerized with cationic initiators to amorphous oligomeric materials. Cycloolefins are polymerized by two different mechanisms: the ring‐opening metathesis reaction catalyzed by tungsten or molybdenum compounds, and polymerization reactions without ring opening catalyzed by metallocenes. Two isotactic polymers of higher α‐olefins, poly(1‐butene) and poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene), as well as oligomers of linear α‐olefins and polymers of certain cycloolefins (polydicyclopentadiene, polyoctenamers, and norbornene elastomers) are produced commercially. Crystalline poly(1‐butene) is used to manufacture pipe, tubing, and blown film. Crystalline poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) is a highly transparent plastic used for the manufacture of medical and chemical laboratory equipment as well as a variety of injection‐molded articles. Liquid oligomers of higher linear α‐olefins produced with cationic initiators have found wide applications as base oils in the formulation of various industrial lubricants; among other applications, they are used in synthetic lubricating oils for cars, transformer oils, and transmission and crankcase fluids. Polymers of cyclooctene are mostly used as components in rubber and compositions based on PVC or polystyrene. Cured liquid‐molding resins based on polydicyclopentadiene are used for the manufacture of automotive parts for trucks, snowmobiles, wheel loaders, and recreational vehicles.
Controlofmechanicalmotionsystemswithnon-collocationofactuationand friction:APopovcriterionapproachforinput-to-statestabilityandset-valued (2009)

a b s t r a c t The presence of friction in mechanical motion systems is a performance limiting factor as it induces stickslip vibrations. To appropriately describe the stiction effect of friction, we adopt set-valued force laws. Then, the complete motion control system can be described by a Lur’e system with set-valued nonlinearities.Inordertoeliminatestickslipvibrat ionsformechanicalmotionsystems,astate-feedback control design is presented to stabilize the equilibrium. The proposed control design is based on an extension of a Popov-like criterion to systems with set-valued nonlinearities that guarantees input-tostate stability (ISS). The advantages of the presented controller is that it is robust to uncertainties in thefrictionanditisapplicabletosystemswithnon-collocationofactuationandfrictionwherecommon controlstrategiessuchasdirectfrictioncompensationfail.Moreover,anobserver-basedoutput-feedback design is proposed for the case that not all the state variables are measured. The effectiveness of the proposed output-feedback control design is shown both in simulations and experiments for a typical motioncontrolsystem. ’2008ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) floral transcriptome in Pinot noir variety: identification of tissue-related gene networks and whorl-specific markers in pre- and post-anthesis phases (2021)

The comprehension of molecular processes underlying the development and progression of flowering in plants is a hot topic, not only because that often the products of interest for human and animal nutrition are linked to the development of fruits or seeds, but also because the processes of gametes formation occurring in sexual organs are at the basis of recombination and genetic variability which constitutes the matter on which evolution acts, whether understood as natural or human driven. In the present study, we used an NGS approach to produce a grapevine flower transcriptome snapshot in different whorls and tissues including calyx, calyptra, filament, anther, stigma, ovary, and embryo in both pre- and post-anthesis phases. Our investigation aimed at identifying hub genes that unequivocally distinguish the different tissues providing insights into the molecular mechanisms that are at the basis of floral whorls and tissue development. To this end we have used different analytical approaches, some now consolidated in transcriptomic studies on plants, such as pairwise comparison and weighted-gene coexpression network analysis, others used mainly in studies on animals or human's genomics, such as the tau (τ) analysis aimed at isolating highly and absolutely tissue-specific genes. The intersection of data obtained by these analyses allowed us to gradually narrow the field, providing evidence about the molecular mechanisms occurring in those whorls directly involved in reproductive processes, such as anther and stigma, and giving insights into the role of other whorls not directly related to reproduction, such as calyptra and calyx. We believe this work could represent an important genomic resource for functional analyses of grapevine floral organ growth and fruit development shading light on molecular networks underlying grapevine reproductive organ determination.
Slow trap response of zirconium dioxide thin films on silicon (2003)

In this work, we explore the electrical properties of a metal–oxide–semiconductor system that incorporates a high-k zirconia dielectric with an equivalent oxide thickness of 3 nm deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. In general, the thin films examined exhibit excellent electrical properties. However, dynamic I–V measurements unveil the presence of trapping sites with response times up to 3 s. By applying a recently proposed model, this slow trap response can be consistently explained by traps located at the inner interface of a two-layer dielectric consisting of the high-k material itself and a transition layer in contact with the semiconductor. Trap energies are found to be distributed around two distinct levels.
Memory Traces in the Brain (1987)

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Simple systems 3. Defining neural systems 4. Neural systems of Hermissenda 5. Relating neural change to behavioural change 6. Design of neural systems 7. The language of the nervous system 8. The nature of learning-induced neural change 9. A regenerative origin for a new class of biophysical phenomena 10. Translation of psychological into biological phenomena 11. A biophysical sequence 12. Molecular regulation of membrane channels during learning 13. A new network bias 14. Molluscan versus mammalian brain 15. Other models and observations 16. Model building from molluscan and mammalian parallels 17. Mollusc versus mammal: nonparallels 18. Biological records of memory Appendix Index.
Symmetry reduction for probabilistic systems (2005)

Symmetry reduction techniques have been quite successful in combatting the state-space explosion problem for temporal logic model checking [2, 3]. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in using model checkers to verify properties of probabilistic systems. We describe work in progress in extending symmetry reduction techniques to apply to discrete time Markov chains and Markov decision processes, and present preliminary results implementing symmetry reduction for the PRISM model checker [6].
A Thread Specific Load Balancing Technique for a Clustered SMT Architecture (2007)

Clustering an architecture enables hardware to operate at high clock frequencies by grouping resources into small clusters. This allows local communication within a cluster to travel shorter distances at the cost of an increased number of communications and longer inter-cluster communication latencies. Simultaneous multi-threaded architectures (SMT) allow better utilization of resources, thus a clustered SMT architecture exploits the advantages of SMT architectures and hides much of the inter-cluster communication latencies incurred due to clustering. This is achieved by executing instructions from a different thread when a thread stalls waiting for inter-cluster communication. In this work we study a new load balancing technique for an SMT clustered architecture namely, thread specific load balancing (TSLB). Unlike previous load balancing techniques that balance the load across clusters based on the total number of instructions of all threads in each cluster, TSLB allows each thread to balance its load between clusters independently. With this policy queues can take advantage of the inherent parallelism between instructions from the different threads. In previous load balancing techniques the overall number of instructions from the same thread assigned to distant clusters can be considerable, and if so, will result in high number of inter-cluster communications. In contrast, TSLB maintains an almost constant average number of inter-cluster communications due to the even distribution of instructions between clusters. We have assigned a number to each thread in each cluster that indicates the maximum number of instructions that can be executed to the specified cluster from that thread; these numbers are initially all equal but will vary with time depending on the workload of each thread. This decreases the potential queue conflicts in larger threads thus allowing them to execute faster.
Frequency Tuning Range Control in Pulsed Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Lasers: Applications in Interferometry (2018)

Terahertz quantum cascade-lasers (QCLs) are able to produce higher optical output power at higher temperatures when operated in pulsed mode. Predicting a laser's behavior under pulsed operation in order to achieve performance requirements is, however, a nontrivial exercise: the complex and nonlinear interplay between current, electric field, and thermal transients gives rise to complex responses in both optical output power and emission frequency. In applications where it is important to predict and control these behaviors, establishing the link between current drive, emission frequency, and optical output power is necessary. In this paper, we demonstrate, via a realistic laser-specific model, that by appropriate manipulation of the drive pulse we can not only obtain a higher optical output at increased operating temperature but also both extend and linearize a QCL's frequency sweep. We suggest that consideration of laser behavior through realistic and comprehensive modeling is not only useful but is also required in any pulsed application in which emission frequency change is likely to affect performance.
Design and Implementation of Malicious Application Detection System Using Event Aggregation on Android based Mobile Devices (2013)

모바일 단말 환경이 활성화되면서 안드로이드 플랫폼을 탑재한 상용 모바일 단말이 널리 보급되고 있다. 최근 안드로이드 기반 모바일 단말에서 보안 취약성이 발견되면서 악성 어플리케이션을 통한 공격이 급증하고 있다. 대부분의 악성 어플리케이션은 오픈 마켓 또는 인터넷을 통해 배포되며 어플리케이션 내에 악성코드가 삽입되어 있어 단말 사용자의 SMS, 전화번호부, 공인인증서 등 개인정보와 금융정보 등을 외부 서버로 유출시키는 공격을 시도한다. 이에 따라 상용 모바일 단말에 대한 보안 취약점 분석과 그에 따른 능동적인 대응 방안이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 급증하는 악성 앱에 의한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 다수의 모바일 단말서 발생하는 이벤트 수집을 통해 모바일 단말 내에서 실행되는 악성 어플리케이션에 의한 공격을 탐지하는 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. As mobile terminal environment gets matured, the use of Android platform based mobile terminals has been growing high. Recently, the number of attacks by malicious application is also increasing as Android platform is vulnerable to private information leakage in nature. Most of these malicious applications are easily distributed to general users through open market or internet and an attacker inserts malicious code into malicious app which could be harmful tool to steal private data and banking data such as SMS, contacts list, and public key certificate to a remote server. To cope with these security threats more actively, it is necessary to develop countermeasure system that enables to detect security vulnerability existing in mobile device and take an appropriate action to protect the system against malicious attacks. In this sense, this paper aggregates diverse system events from multiple mobile devices and also implements a system to detect attacks by malicious application.
Mechanisms of vapor permeation through multilayer barrier films: Lag time versus equilibrium permeation (2004)

Multilayer, thin-film organic/inorganic composite barrier layers have recently been reported to achieve water vapor permeation rates of &amp;lt;10−5g∕m2∕day at 25°C∕40%RH on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Using both transient and steady-state vapor permeation measurements combined with classical Fickian diffusion models, we determine the mechanism of vapor permeation through such barrier structures and show that results obtained to date are limited not by equilibrium diffusion but by lag-time effects caused by the extremely long effective path length for the diffusing gas. The implications for further improvement of flexible thin-film vapor barriers are discussed.
Electrostatic and Non‐covalent Interactions in Dicationic Imidazolium–Sulfonium Salts with Mixed Anions (2014)

A series of thioether-functionalised imidazolium salts have been prepared and characterized. Subsequent reaction of the thioether-functionalised imidazolium salts with iodomethane affords imidazolium-sulfonium salts composed of doubly charged cations and two different anions. Imidazolium-sulfonium salts containing a single anion type are obtained either by a solvent extraction method or by anion exchange. The imidazolium-sulfonium salts undergo a methyl-transfer reaction on exposure to water, giving rise to a new, singly charged imidazolium salt with iodide introduced at the 2-position of the imidazolium ring. Crystal structures of some of the imidazolium-sulfonium salts were determined by X-ray crystallography providing the topology of the interactions between the dications and the anions. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical calculations were used to rationalise the relative strength of these interactions.
A functional coupling between CRMP1 and Nav1.7 for retrograde propagation of Semaphorin3A signaling (2017)

Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is a secreted type of axon guidance molecule that regulates axon wiring through complexes of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) with PlexinA protein receptors. Sema3A regulates the dendritic branching through tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive retrograde axonal transport of PlexA proteins and tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) complex. We here demonstrate that Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 (encoded by <i>SCN9A</i>), a TTX-sensitive Na<sup>+</sup> channel, by coupling with collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1), mediates the Sema3A-induced retrograde transport. In mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, Sema3A increased co-localization of PlexA4 and TrkA in the growth cones and axons. TTX treatment and RNAi knockdown of Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 sustained Sema3A-induced colocalized signals of PlexA4 and TrkA in growth cones and suppressed the subsequent localization of PlexA4 and TrkA in distal axons. A similar localization phenotype was observed in <i>crmp1<sup>-/-</sup></i> DRG neurons. Sema3A induced colocalization of CRMP1 and Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 in the growth cones. The half maximal voltage was increased in <i>crmp1<sup>-/-</sup></i> neurons when compared to that in wild type. In HEK293 cells, introduction of CRMP1 lowered the threshold of co-expressed exogenous Na<sub>v</sub>1.7. These results suggest that Na<sub>v</sub>1.7, by coupling with CRMP1, mediates the axonal retrograde signaling of Sema3A.
Vertical charge transport through transition metal dichalcogenides – a quantitative analysis (2017)

Based on the careful design of two-terminal devices from multi-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS<sub>2</sub> and WSe<sub>2</sub>, truly vertical transport has been experimentally evaluated and theoretically analyzed. By exploring, the electric field and temperature dependence of in total 28 TMD devices of various thicknesses, a model that describes vertical transport as Fowler Nordheim mediated at high electric fields and thermal injection dominated at low fields has been developed. Our approach is similar to the description chosen to capture gate leakage current levels through amorphous materials such as SiO<sub>2</sub>. Employing our quantitative analysis, an effective vertical transport mass of m*/m<sub>0</sub> (MoS<sub>2</sub>) ≈ 0.18 and m*/m<sub>0</sub> (WSe<sub>2</sub>) ≈ 0.14 has been extracted for the first time and barriers at the metal contact-to-TMD interface of heights similar to those extracted for lateral transport in TMD transistors have been confirmed.
Characterization of the Posttranscriptional Modifications in Legionella pneumophila Small‐Subunit Ribosomal RNA (2008)

It is generally accepted that posttranscriptional modifications in RNA play a role in the fine-tuning of RNA function and the maintenance of RNA structure. This article describes the characterization of the posttranscriptional modifications in Legionella pneumophila 16S rRNA by mass spectrometry and reverse transcriptase assays. Eight modified nucleotides were identified and mapped in the 16S rRNA sequence. Situation of these data in relation to general 16S rRNA modification patterns shows that L. pneumophila is relatively less modified, and that the majority of the L. pneumophila 16S rRNA modifications are conserved among the bacteria characterized so far (Escherichia coli, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Thermus thermophilus, and Thermotoga maritima).
Response to Keshava et al. (2008) (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetters to the Edito...Letters to the EditorNEXTResponse to Keshava et al. (2008)James A. Swenberg*, Thomas B. Starr, Richard J. Albertini, and Vernon E. WalkerView Author Information Environmental Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina—Chapel HillCB 7431 Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 TBS Associates7500 Rainwater RoadRaleigh, North Carolina 27615 Genetic Toxicology Laboratory665 Spear StreetDepartment of PathologyUniversity of VermontBurlington, Vermont 05405 BioMosaics, Inc. 655 Spear StreetBuilding C Burlington, Vermont 05405Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2009, 22, 1, 10–12Publication Date (Web):December 3, 2008Publication History Published online3 December 2008Published inissue 19 January 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx800438ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/tx800438gletterACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (362 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Adducts,Biomarkers,Cancer,Genetics,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
A PIEZOELECTRIC MICROPUMP BASED ON MICROMACHINING (1988)

The design and realization of two pumps based on micromachining of silicon are described. The pumps, which are of the reciprocating displacement type, comprise one or two pump chambers, a thin glass pump membrane actuated by a piezoelectric disc and passive silicon check valves to direct the flow. Chambers, channels and valves are realized in a silicon wafer by wet chemical etching. The results of mechanical calculations and simulations show good agreement with the actual behaviour of the pumps. It is possible to design pumps having a specific yield and pressure dependence, and which are fail-safe (the flow is blocked while the pump is switched off).
Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor using single photon counting detection (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Stierlin, J. Ricka, B. Zysset, R. Bättig, Heinz P. Weber, T. Binkert, and W. J. Borer, "Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor using single photon counting detection," Appl. Opt. 26, 1368-1370 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article