gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viability of fresh mitral homograft valves (1973)

The present study was undertaken to measure and compare the viability of the mitral leaflet, chordae, and papillary muscle. The viability of the valves was assessed by autoradiography at regular intervals after sterilization and preservation in antibiotics and nutrient medium. The results showed different rates of decline in viability of the leaflet, muscle, and chordae of the mitral valves. Slightly more than 70% of the leaflet fibroblasts took up thymidine during the first 24 hours of storage. This is compared with 68% of papillary muscle fibroblasts and 40% of chordae fibroblasts. Viability of the chordae decreased rapidly and became pronounced at four weeks. One week is the maximum time for storage of mitral valves if it is desirable to preserve living cells in the chordae.
44. Development of AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy for Murine Models of Genetic Diseases Affecting the Heart (2005)

The long term goal of this project is to develop a clinically relevant gene therapy approach for the treatment of genetic diseases affecting the heart. Due to its small size, safety and proven ability to persist for long periods of time in muscle, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a promising cardiac gene delivery vehicle. We have sought to determine the most advantageous combination AAV serotype and vector delivery route for the transduction of cardiomyocytes in vivo. Both intra-venous (iv) and intra-cardiac (ic) injection routes were compared by injecting 1|[times]|1011 and 5|[times]|1010 (respectively) vector particles of AAV-CMV-LacZ per mouse neonate of 3 different serotypes AAV1, AAV8 and AAV9. Tissue analysis included both x-gal staining on tissue sections to visualize expression and the quantitative |[beta]|-galactosidase enzyme detection assay. Our results show that iv administration of AAV9 results in 30-fold more efficient transduction of cardiac tissue than AAV1. Moreover, hearts injected with AAV9 displayed a global distribution of transgene expression suggesting this serotype has no transduction site preference within cardiac tissue. 2 murine models for cardiac dysfunction; the alpha-sarcoglycan (asg-/-) knockout model for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2D (LGMD-2D) and the acid-alpha glucosidase (gaa-/-) knockout model for Pompe Disease are currently being characterized functionally and morphologically using both non-invasive MRI and histological techniques. LGMD-2D is the result of mutations in the alpha sarcoglycan (ASG) gene. This model displays the development of dystrophic lesions in cardiac and skeletal muscle. We have developed a non-invasive assay using MRI that enables us to locate and measure the random development of lesions within the muscles of asg-/- mice. We have demonstrated functional correction and prevention of disease progression in skeletal muscles injected with AAV-ASG. Studies are currently underway to demonstrate the same effect in cardiac tissue. The cells of the gaa-/- mouse contain lysosomes enlarged with glycogen due to a GAA enzyme deficiency. Previously, our lab has demonstrated that delivery of the human GAA gene to the skeletal muscle of this model is therapeutically beneficial. To evaluate gene delivery to the cardiac tissue of this model we are currently characterizing the cardiac phenotype of disease and assessing our ability to prevent disease presentation following optimized delivery of the human GAA gene. In conclusion, our maker-gene study has established that iv delivery using AAV9 is the most clinically advantageous combination of AAV serotype and delivery route for the transduction of cardiac tissue in vivo. We are now in the process of using this delivery method to demonstrate disease correction in two mouse models of cardiomyopathy.
Life-threatening asthma, Part 1 (2006)

Initiation of early aggressive therapy is critical to averting fatal outcomes in exacerbations of acute life-threatening asthma.
The induction machine with ring stator winding as a possible solution for speed regulation (2010)

The paper presents a study of an induction motor with ring stator windings. The main idea of this solution is to give a higher flexibility in obtaining of two or more number of pole pairs simultaneously with a better utilization of the machine. The developed torque in connection with the demanded input power is the major task of the analysis. The results are based on experimental tests and FEM simulation.
Statistical rate-distortion estimation for H.264/AVC coders (2006)

Based on statistical analyses of transform coefficients, we suggest estimations of bit-rate and distortion functions directly from spatial-domain statistics. Simulations show that the proposed rate and distortion estimators achieve similar results as the true rate-quantization (R-Q) and distortion-quantization (D-Q) curves. By exploiting the proposed statistical estimations, two major applications are suggested. One is the fast rate-distortion optimized (RDO) mode decision and the other is the improved rate control (RC) in video encoding. Simulation results show that the rate-distortion estimators have sufficient accuracy such that we could achieve considerably better performance in both applications. We achieved 51.69% R-D cost computation time reduction in average for the rate-distortion optimized mode decision, and a 0.20 dB average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improvement for rate-control in H.264/AVC, respectively.
Updated Analysis of KEYNOTE-024: Pembrolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score of 50% or Greater (2019)

With prolonged follow-up, first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy continues to demonstrate an OS benefit over chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated, advanced NSCLC without EGFR/ALK aberrations, despite crossover from the control arm to pembrolizumab as subsequent therapy.
An AMP-Based Network With Deep Residual Learning for mmWave Beamspace Channel Estimation (2019)

Beamspace channel estimation in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO system is a very challenging task, especially when the number of radio-frequency chains is limited. To address this problem, we present a novel approximate message passing (AMP)-based network with deep residual learning, referred to as LampResNet. It mainly consists of two components: 1) a learned AMP (LAMP) network and 2) a deep residual learning network (ResNet). The former utilizes the sparsity property of beamspace channel matrix and is employed to obtain a preliminary estimation result, while the latter is designed to reduce the impact of channel noise and further refine the coarse estimation obtained by the LAMP network. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed network.
A round robin test of flash thermography of CFRP and metal structures (2015)

Within the scope of a DIN INS project, a flash thermography round robin test that evaluates reliability, comparability and efficiency of different testing situations is organized. The results give information about the detectability of defects e.g. by their size and depth, the evaluation method and by the materials used. Besides, the influence of equipment and parameters used by the participants on the results were analysed. All of the quantitative results as well as the feedback given by the participants will be presented in a DIN committee in order to contribute to a flash thermography standard.
Inventory of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in France as Assessed by a Multicenter Study (2016)

The objective of this study was to perform an inventory of the extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates responsible for infections in French hospitals and to assess the mechanisms associated with ESBL diffusion. A total of 200 nonredundant ESBL-producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> strains isolated from clinical samples were collected during a multicenter study performed in 18 representative French hospitals. Antibiotic resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing experiments. The clonal relatedness between isolates was investigated by the use of the DiversiLab system. ESBL-encoding plasmids were compared by PCR-based replicon typing and plasmid multilocus sequence typing. CTX-M-15, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, and SHV-12 were the most prevalent ESBLs (8% to 46.5%). The three CTX-M-type EBSLs were significantly observed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (37.1%, 24.2%, and 21.8%, respectively), and CTX-M-15 was the predominant ESBL in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (81.1%). SHV-12 was associated with ESBL-encoding <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> strains (37.9%). <i>qnrB</i>, <i>aac(6</i>'<i>)-Ib-cr</i>, and <i>aac(3)-II</i> genes were the main plasmid-mediated resistance genes, with prevalences ranging between 19.5% and 45% according to the ESBL results. Molecular typing did not identify wide clonal diffusion. Plasmid analysis suggested the diffusion of low numbers of ESBL-encoding plasmids, especially in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. cloacae</i> However, the ESBL-encoding genes were observed in different plasmid replicons according to the bacterial species. The prevalences of ESBL subtypes differ according to the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> species. Plasmid spread is a key determinant of this epidemiology, and the link observed between the ESBL-encoding plasmids and the bacterial host explains the differences observed in the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> species.
Short artificial hairpins sequester splicing signals and inhibit yeast pre-mRNA splicing. (1993)

To examine the stability of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) pre-mRNA structures, we inserted a series of small sequence elements that generated potential RNA hairpins at the 5' splice site and branch point regions. We analyzed spliceosome assembly and splicing in vitro as well as splicing and nuclear pre-mRNA retention in vivo. Surprisingly, the inhibition of in vivo splicing approximately paralleled that of in vitro splicing. Even a 6-nucleotide hairpin could be shown to inhibit splicing, and a 15-nucleotide hairpin gave rise to almost complete inhibition. The in vitro results indicate that hairpins that sequester the 5' splice site have a major effect on the early steps of spliceosome assembly, including U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein binding. The in vivo experiments lead to comparable conclusions as the sequestering hairpins apparently result in the transport of pre-mRNA to the cytoplasm. The observations are compared with previous data from both yeast and mammalian systems and suggest an important effect of pre-mRNA structure on in vivo splicing.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Persistent Near‐Infrared Luminescence for In Vivo Optical Imaging (2015)

Abstract Materials with persistent luminescence are attractive for in vivo optical imaging since they have a long lifetime that allows the separation of excitation of fluorophores and image acquisition for time‐delay imaging, thus eliminating tissue autofluorescence associated with fluorescence imaging. Persistently luminescent nanoparticles have previously been fabricated from toxic rare‐earth metals. This work reports that nanoparticles made of the conjugated polymer MEH‐PPV can generate luminescence persisting for an hour upon single excitation. A near‐infrared dye was encapsulated in the conjugated polymer nanoparticle to successfully generate persistent near‐infrared luminescence through resonance energy transfer. This new persistent luminescence nanoparticles have been demonstrated for optical imaging applications in living mice.
Regulation of glycolytic enzymes and the crabtree effect in galactose‐limited continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)

In order to determine whether the changes in the activities and mRNA levels of enzymes involved in intermediary carbon metabolism previously observed in glucose-limited continuous cultures (Sierkstra et al., 1992a) were glucose specific, we have analysed their regulation in a galactose-limited continuous culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Vmax of the galactose uptake system was shown to be dilution rate (D) dependent, comparable with the high-affinity glucose uptake. The maximum uptake was observed at D 0.2 h-1 (0.25 mmol min-1 per g) and the minimum uptake (0.1 mmol min-1 per g) at D 0.05 h-1 and 0.3 h-1. The aerobic fermentation of galactose occurred at D 0.275-0.3 h-1 which is identical to the results obtained in glucose-limited continuous cultures of this strain. Because galactose is not a repressing carbon source, this demonstrates that the Crabtree effect is not mediated by, or in any way related to glucose repression. Moreover, invertase and hexokinase I mRNA levels (both subject to glucose repression at the transcriptional level) were present when the yeast produced ethanol in galactose- and glucose-limited continuous cultures. In glucose-limited continuous cultures a decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase (I and II) mRNA levels and activity and phosphoglucomutase activity was observed with increasing dilution rates. In addition, at D 0.3 h-1, when the yeast produced ethanol, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase were induced and a decrease in respiration was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective (2009)

Abstract. As a result of increasing attention paid to aerosols in climate studies, numerous global satellite aerosol products have been generated. Aerosol parameters and underlining physical processes are now incorporated in many general circulation models (GCMs) in order to account for their direct and indirect effects on the earth's climate, through their interactions with the energy and water cycles. There exists, however, an outstanding problem that these satellite products have substantial discrepancies, that must be lowered substantially for narrowing the range of the estimates of aerosol's climate effects. In this paper, numerous key uncertain factors in the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are articulated for some widely used and relatively long satellite aerosol products including the AVHRR, TOMS, MODIS, MISR, and SeaWiFS. We systematically review the algorithms developed for these sensors in terms of four key elements that influence the quality of passive satellite aerosol retrieval: calibration, cloud screening, classification of aerosol types, and surface effects. To gain further insights into these uncertain factors, the NOAA AVHRR data are employed to conduct various tests, which help estimate the ranges of uncertainties incurred by each of the factors. At the end, recommendations are made to cope with these issues and to produce a consistent and unified aerosol database of high quality for both environment monitoring and climate studies.
Integrating Field Research, Modeling, and Remote Sensing to Quantify Morphodynamics in a High-Energy Coastal Setting, Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California (2006)

Wave and coastal circulation modeling are combined with multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution beach surveys, cross-shore Personal Water Craft surveys, digital bed sediment camera surveys, and real-time video monitoring to quantify morphological change and nearshore processes at Ocean Beach, San Francisco. Initial SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) wave modeling results show a focusing of wave energy at the location of an erosion hot spot on the southern end of Ocean Beach during prevailing northwest swell conditions. During El Niño winters, swell out of the west and southwest dominates the region, and although the wave energy is focused further to the north on Ocean Beach, the oblique wave approach sets up a strong northerly littoral drift, thereby starving the southern end of sediment, leaving it increasingly vulnerable to wave attack when the persistent northwest swell returns. An accurate assessment of the interaction between wave and tidal processes is crucial for evaluating coastal management options in an area that includes the annual dredging and disposal of ship channel sediment and an erosion hot spot that is posing a threat to local infrastructure.
The Boatbuilders: Steve White '77 and Jock Williams '62 have built international reputations fore their classically inspired yachts (2009)

In the world of custom-built yachts, Maine boatbuilders Jock Williams ’62 and Steve White ’77 are renowned for their boats’ classic lines and impeccable craftsmanship.
3D Ultrasonic imaging of the human hand for biometric purposes (2010)

In this work, 3D ultrasonic images of the internal region of the palm of the human hand are presented and analyzed in order to evaluate the ultrasonic technique for biometric recognition purposes. A commercial ultrasound imaging machine provided with a high frequency (12 MHz) linear array has been employed. The probe is moved in the directional orthogonal to the array and at each step a B-scan is performed and stored to form a 3D matrix. The data from the the 3D matrix are elaborated for achieving 3D ultrasonic palmprints. The results have been compared with corresponding sample obtained with conventional methods and the advantages of the proposed technique are underlined and discussed.
Photoinduced Outgrowth of Gold Nanotadpoles in Aqueous Bilayer Dispersions (2009)

Abstract An aqueous-phase synthesis of gold nanotadpoles by using bilayer membranes as growth regulating factor is newly developed. The gold nanotadpoles are formed by photoreduction of Au(OH)4− in aqueous bilayer dispersion. The outgrowth of tails occurred from spherical nanoparticles, which are regulated depending on the photoirradiation time.
Path expressions for complex queries and automatic database program conversion (1980)

Our efforts to develop an automatic database system conversion facility yielded a powerful, yet simple query language which was designed for ease of conversion. The path expression of this query language is a convenient and appealing notation for describing complex traversals with multiple boolean qualifications. This paper describes the path expression, shows how automatic conversions can be done, introduces the boolean functions as part of the basic path expression, offers four extensions (path macros, implied path, path replacement, and path optimization), and discusses some implementation issues.
Density Estimation of Asphaltenes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2003)

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to estimate the density of average structures representative of various asphaltenes in an effort to evaluate the predictive capacities of this kind of structural models. Comparison between calculated and experimental values reveals that calculated densities are lower than experimental ones, but nevertheless calculated values show the correct tendency. This indicates that the chemical information provided by the average structures of asphaltenes is essentially correct and can be used to qualitatively estimate densities. On the basis of these results, the effect of different structural factors on calculated densities of asphaltenes was systematically studied. Large condensed aromatic rings and low hydrogen-to-carbon ratio are the main characteristics of the molecules which yield the highest densities. Also, it was found that a group-contribution method recently developed yields better density values than molecular dynamics simulations, although still lower than experimental values.
Lower Extremity Biomechanics Are Altered Across Maturation in Sport-Specialized Female Adolescent Athletes (2019)

Sport specialization is a growing trend in youth athletes and may contribute to increased injury risk. The neuromuscular deficits that often manifest during maturation in young, female athletes may be exacerbated in athletes who specialize in a single sport. The purpose of this study was to investigate if sport specialization is associated with increased lower extremity biomechanical deficits pre- to post-puberty in adolescent female athletes. Seventy-nine sport-specialized female adolescent (Mean ± SD age = 13.4 ± 1.8 years) basketball, soccer, and volleyball athletes were identified and matched with seventy-nine multi-sport (soccer, basketball, and volleyball) female athletes from a database of 1,116 female adolescent basketball, soccer, and volleyball athletes who were enrolled in one of two large prospective, longitudinal studies. The athletes were assessed over two visits (Mean ± SD time = 724.5 ± 388.7 days) in which they were classified as pre-pubertal and post-pubertal, respectively. Separate 2 × 2 analyses of covariance were used to compare sport-specialized and multi-sport groups and dominant/non-dominant limbs with respect to pubertal changes in peak knee sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane joint angular measures and moments of force recorded while performing a drop vertical jump task. The sport-specialized group were found to exhibit significantly larger post-pubertal increases in peak knee abduction angle (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and knee abduction moment (<i>p</i> = 0.006), as well as a smaller increase in peak knee extensor moment (<i>p</i> = 0.032) during landing when compared to the multi-sport group. These biomechanical changes are indicative of potentially compromised neuromuscular control that may increase injury risk pre- to post-puberty in sport-specialized female athletes. Consideration of maturation status may be an important factor in assessing the injury risk profiles of adolescent athletes who specialize in sport.
A “Smart” 129Xe NMR Biosensor for pH-Dependent Cell Labeling (2015)

Here we present a "smart" xenon-129 NMR biosensor that undergoes a peptide conformational change and labels cells in acidic environments. To a cryptophane host molecule with high Xe affinity, we conjugated a 30mer EALA-repeat peptide that is α-helical at pH 5.5 and disordered at pH 7.5. The (129)Xe NMR chemical shift at room temperature was strongly pH-dependent (Δδ = 3.4 ppm): δ = 64.2 ppm at pH 7.5 vs δ = 67.6 ppm at pH 5.5, where Trp(peptide)-cryptophane interactions were evidenced by Trp fluorescence quenching. Using hyper-CEST NMR, we probed peptidocryptophane detection limits at low-picomolar (10(-11) M) concentration, which compares favorably to other NMR pH reporters at 10(-2)-10(-3) M. Finally, in biosensor-HeLa cell solutions, peptide-cell membrane insertion at pH 5.5 generated a 13.4 ppm downfield cryptophane-(129)Xe NMR chemical shift relative to pH 7.5 studies. This highlights new uses for (129)Xe as an ultrasensitive probe of peptide structure and function, along with potential applications for pH-dependent cell labeling in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of the Fibrinolytic System in Calves Implanted With an Artificial Heart and Ventricular Assist Device (1995)

Thromboembolism is a serious complication of prolonged use of intracirculatory devices such as total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices. The authors have evaluated alteration in the hemostatic system associated with long-term use of TAH and ventricular assist devices. This article reports results of a prospective evaluation of the fibrinolytic system in four calves implanted with TAHs and four with ventricular assist devices. Blood fibrinolytic activity measured with a solid phase radiometric assay was elevated in two of four TAH calves; plasma plasminogen activity was increased in three. Plasma plasminogen activator activity was undetectable (normal) in all animals. Slight to moderate hypofibrinogenemia was noted in all TAH calves. Calves implanted with a left ventricular assist device had mostly normal blood fibrinolytic activity, fibrinogen, and plasminogen levels. Fibrinogen survival was measured in two calves with ventricular assist devices and three with TAH and was in the normal range in all of these animals. No significant thrombotic lesions were noted at autopsy in five calves that died or were electively killed. These observations suggest enhanced activation of the fibrinolytic system in some calves implanted with a TAH. This may offer a measure of protection against thrombosis in some animals.