gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VS 2 Microflowers with In Situ Embedded Few-Layer MoS 2 Nanobelts for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at High Current Density (2020)

Metallic VS 2 has emerged as a highly promising nonprecious electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its desirable electronic conductivity and potential catalytic active sites located at the layer edge and the basal plane. The full exposure and enhancement of catalytic active sites toward VS 2 materials is very crucial for promoting their HER activity. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel self-assembled VS 2 microflower with in situ embedded few-layer MoS 2 nanobelts grown on Mo foil (VS 2 /MoS 2 /MF) by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. Benefitting from abundant exposed edge active sites and fast electron and mass transport as well as strong electronic interactions between VS 2 and MoS 2 , the as-obtained VS 2 /MoS 2 /MF heterostructure exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic performance for HER at large current densities in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution, with small overpotentials of 282 and 336 mV at 500 and 1000 mA cm −2 respectively, much lower than those of 20% Pt/C/MF, a small Tafel slope of 51 mV dec −1 and a durable long-term stability for at least 24 h. The well-intergrated VS 2 /MoS 2 /MF electrode has the promise for industrial large-scale prodution of hydrogen.
Inverse dynamic solution for holonomic wheeled mobile robot with modular wheel actuation (2007)

This paper proposes an inverse dynamic solution for the holonomic mobile robot (C3P) with modular wheel actuation. The C3P has three caster wheels with angular velocities actuation, which generates singularities in the inverse kinematic solution. The inverse dynamic solution is derived using Euler-Lagrange method with respect to the actuated elements. The inverse kinematic actuation solutions of the steering and contact angular velocities are employed with in the solution, which delivers a non singular dynamic solution. The simulation results illustrate clearly the increased efficiency and the robustness of the inverse dynamic solution over the inverse kinematic one. The practical results show the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Effects of Internal and Film Cooling on the Overall Effectiveness of a Fully Cooled Turbine Airfoil With Shaped Holes (2016)

Adiabatic and overall effectiveness levels were measured in a closed loop linear test section using an inlet Reynolds number of 120,000 for an airfoil model at its designed inlet angle of −30.1°. Two models were used in the study — one made of a low thermal conductivity foam, and one of a higher thermal conductivity material which allowed for the Biot number of the second model to match that of the engine component. Since the ratio of the external to internal heat transfer coefficients were also matched to the engine component, the second model was thermally scaled to the actual engine component, allowing for the measurement of the overall effectiveness of the airfoil. The effects of the internal and film cooling on the overall effectiveness were examined in detail. The cooling configuration consisted of 9 rows of shaped holes, with 5 rows of conical shaped holes at the leading edge, one laidback fan-shaped gill-row, and three laidback fan-shaped holes positioned farther downstream. Furthermore, the model contained three internal coolant passages including an impingement cavity and a serpentine passage. The internal passages were lined with internal rib turbulators to enhance the internal heat transfer coefficient. This study had two main goals. First, assess the performance of a fully-cooled airfoil with shaped holes through measurements of adiabatic, internal, and overall effectiveness levels. Second, examine the effects of shaped holes and the utilization of a conduction correction on the capability to predict overall effectiveness with a simple 1D model. It was found that although the large spacing of the holes in the showerhead region produced low adiabatic effectiveness levels, the through-hole convection and impingement provided adequate levels of cooling, resulting in relatively uniform overall effectiveness levels. It was also found that although the shaped film-cooling holes have a significant effect on the 3D conduction throughout the model, the overall effectiveness is still well predicted between rows of holes, but only when a significant conduction correction to the adiabatic effectiveness data is applied. This study highlights the necessity of applied conduction corrections to adiabatic effectiveness data collected with IR thermography, highlights the use of shaped holes in the showerhead region, and confirms the utility of 1D predictive models for overall effectiveness, even for models utilizing shaped holes.
The Key Roles of Interferon Lambda in Human Molecular Defense against Respiratory Viral Infections (2020)

Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type III IFN display antiviral activity against a wide variety of infections, they induce expression of antiviral, interferon-stimulated genes (<i>MX1</i>, <i>OAS</i>, <i>IFITM1</i>), and they have immuno-modulatory activities that shape adaptive immune responses. Unlike other IFN, the type III IFN signal through distinct receptors is limited to a few cell types, primarily mucosal epithelial cells. As a consequence of their greater and more durable production in nasal and respiratory tissues, they can determine the outcome of respiratory infections. This review is focused on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, with influenza as a prime example. The influenza virus is a major public health problem, causing up to half a million lethal infections annually. Moreover, the virus has been the cause of four pandemics over the last century. Although IFN-λ are increasingly being tested in antiviral therapy, they can have a negative influence on epithelial tissue recovery and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Therefore, IFN-λ expression deserves increased scrutiny as a key factor in the host immune response to infection.
Sage: Unified Hybrid Checking for First-Class Types, General Refinement Types, and Dynamic (Extended Report) (2007)

This paper presents Sage, a functional programming language with a rich type system that supports a broad range of typing paradigms, from dynamically-typed Scheme-like programming, to decidable ML-like types, to precise refinement types. This type system is a synthesis of three general concepts — first-class types, general refinement types, and the type Dynamic — that add expressive power in orthogonal and complementary ways. None of these concepts are statically decidable. The Sage compiler uniformly circumvents this limitation using hybrid type checking, which inserts occasional run-time casts in particularly complicated situations that cannot be statically checked. We describe a prototype implementation of Sage and preliminary experimental results showing that most or all types are enforced via static type checking — the number of compiler-inserted casts is very small or zero on all our benchmarks.
Persistence of airway hyperresponsiveness in mice infected with influenza as infants (2008)

&lt;p&gt;Early life exposure to viral lower respiratory illness is thought to exacerbate the development of allergic airways disease such as asthma. There are few published murine models of respiratory virus infection in infants and neonates. This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory and physiological pattern of Influenza A infection in infant mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Infant BALB/c mice were inoculated on day 7 (d7) with 10mL 103.8 pfu Influenza virus A/Mem/1/71 (H3N1) or media control. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at d1-5, 7, 10, 14 &amp; 21 post-inoculation to determine the inflammatory profile. Following the establishment of peak inflammation and clearance, physiology was assessed during the acute inflammatory period (d5-post-inoculation) and resolution of infection (d21) using a small animal ventilator and a modification of the forced oscillation technique. The Constant Phase Model was fitted to Respiratory Impedance data to produce airway and tissue mechanics. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed to inhaled methacholine (MCh) (0.0130 mg/mL) at d21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Cellular inflammation peaked at d3 in Influenza infected mice(1.23 106 (0.23) cells/mL) compared to control animals (2.79 105 (0.29) cells/mL; p = 0.007) and had resolved to control levels by d14 (1.65 105 (0.48) cells/mL vs 1.53 105 (0.22) cells/mL; p = 0.837). Mice infected with Influenza A virus showed changes to baseline mechanics at d5, and AHR to inhaled MCh (p = 0.01) at d21 compared to control animals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; These findings confirm that Influenza A virus induces significant changes in baseline mechanics during acute infection in infant mice, and that AHR persists beyond the resolution of inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;
Concussions and the Military: Issues Specific to Service Members (2011)

Since October 2001, more than 1.6 million American military service members have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in the Global War on Terrorism. It is estimated that between 5% and 35% of them have sustained a concussion, also called mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), during their deployment. Up to 80% of the concussions experienced in theater are secondary to blast exposures. The unique circumstances and consequences of sustaining a concussion in combat demands a unique understanding and treatment plan. The current literature was reviewed and revealed a paucity of pathophysiological explanations on the nature of the injury and informed treatment plans. However, through observation and experience, a theoretical but scientifically plausible model for why and how blast injuries experienced in combat give rise to the symptoms that affect day-to-day function of service members who have been concussed has been developed. We also are able to offer treatment strategies based on our evaluation of the current literature and experience to help palliate postconcussive symptoms. The purpose of this review is to elucidate common physical, cognitive, emotional, and situational challenges, and possible solutions for this special population of patients who will be transitioning into the civilian sector and interfacing with health professionals. There is a need for further investigation and testing of these strategies.
Post-silicon timing yield enhancement using dual-mode elements (2009)

A simple but effective technique for timing yield enhancement is presented. The proposed technique tunes circuit timing using dual-mode elements, which are special logic gates that can change delay–leakage characteristics at the post-silicon level. In experiments using the ISCAS-85 benchmarks, the proposed technique reduced the timing failure rate by 59.52% on average.
Morphology of Transition Metal Carbonate Cathode Precursors (2022)

Increasing the capacity of cathode materials used for lithium-ion batteries is desirable, as it ultimately enhances the energy density. Due to their lower cost and reversible cycling capacity of 250 – 300 mAh/g, Li- and Mn-rich LMR-NMC oxides are strong candidates as next generation cathodes used in lithium-ion batteries. Apart from the atomic structure, morphology of the cathode particles also influence their performance. LMR-NMC cathode particles are usually constructed through a two-step cathode fabrication process, which involves initial coprecipitation of the Mn-rich carbonate based cathode precursors, and later calcination of these precursors with a lithium salt at elevated temperatures. The secondary particles generally maintain their as precipitated precursor morphologies even after high temperature calcination. Even though the primary particles do change their size during calcination, the rate of oxidation and lithiation experienced by the transition metal precursors depend substantially on the primary particle morphology. Hence, it is critical to understand and control both the primary and secondary particle morphologies obtained after the coprecipitation process. In the present context, carbonate based NMC cathode precursors containing only Mn, only Ni and only Co, is precipitated, along with equal amount of the transition metals (Ni 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 CO 3 ), using conventional batch reactors. NH 4 HCO 3 is used as the source of carbonate anions during the coprecipitation process, and the entire reaction is conducted at 50°C. The obtained particle morphologies for different transition metals are shown in Figure 1(a) as visualized using high resolution TEM techniques. Except MnCO 3 , all other transition metals demonstrate aggregated morphologies, which most probably form through surface growth mechanisms. Competition between growth rate and surface energies that leads to the formation of single crystalline particles for MnCO 3 , and particulate features for other transition metals, are demonstrated in Figure 1(b). Multiscale computational methodologies are developed to elucidate the impact of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics on determining the overall primary and secondary particle morphologies. Influence of transition metal content and ammonia concentration in determining the final particle size and size distribution will be discussed as part of this study. Figure 1
Direct Measurement of the Substrate Preference of Uracil-DNA Glycosylase (1998)

Site-directed mutants of the herpes simplex virus type 1 uracil-DNA glycosylase lacking catalytic activity have been used to probe the substrate recognition of this highly conserved and ubiquitous class of DNA-repair enzyme utilizing surface plasmon resonance. The residues aspartic acid-88 and histidine-210, implicated in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme (Savva, R., McAuley-Hecht, K., Brown, T., and Pearl, L. (1995) Nature 373, 487-493; Slupphaug, G., Mol, C. D., Kavli, B., Arvai, A. S., Krokan, H. E. and Tainer, J. A. (1996) Nature 384, 87-92) were separately mutated to asparagine to allow investigations of substrate recognition in the absence of catalysis. The mutants were shown to be correctly folded and to lack catalytic activity. Binding to single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides, with or without uracil, was monitored by real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance. Both mutants exhibited comparable rates of binding and dissociation on the same uracil-containing substrates. Interaction with single-stranded uracil-DNA was found to be stronger than with double-stranded uracil-DNA, and the binding to Gua:Ura mismatches was significantly stronger than that to Ade:Ura base pairs suggesting that the stability of the base pair determines the efficiency of interaction. Also, there was negligible interaction between the mutants and single- or double-stranded DNA lacking uracil, or with DNA containing abasic sites. These results suggest that it is uracil in the DNA, rather than DNA itself, that is recognized by the uracil-DNA glycosylases.
Soft Breakdown Behavior of Interdigitated-back-contact Silicon Solar Cells (2015)

The soft reverse IV characteristic of interdigitated-back-contact (IBC) silicon solar cells consisting of contiguous p+ and n+ regions on the rear side (Figure 1) was investigated in this study. Our IBC cell concept, which is a 6-inch IBC cell with a diffused phosphorous BSF and a boron front floating emitter, features a relatively low breakdown voltage of about - 3.7 V. We measured a negative temperature coefficient at reverse bias in the dark. The low breakdown voltage and the negative temperature coefficient both support the hypothesis that the high reverse current is caused by the tunneling effect [1]. We demonstrated that by changing the doping profiles, the breakdown voltage of the IBC cells can be modified. Our simulations show that the reverse bias current is mainly caused by the band-to-band tunneling across the borders of the p+ and n+ regions, and that the breakdown voltage changes with doping profiles. Furthermore, a qualitative agreement is found between the experimental and simulated reverse currents. In principle, the same theory may apply for studying the early breakdown behavior of MWT, EWT or any other cells that feature p+n+ junctions.
Out of Order Incremental CRC Computation (2005)

We consider a communication protocol where the sender breaks a message, comprised of an information block and a corresponding CRC, into small segments and transmits these segments separately, possibly via different routes, to the receiver. Traditionally, reversing the sender operations, the receiver first assembles all the segments that make up the message, then computes a CRC based on the information part of the message and verifies it against the arriving CRC, and, finally, delivers the information part on to the upper layer protocol (ULP). We present an incremental CRC computation whereby each arriving segment contributes its share to the message's CRC upon arrival, independently of other segment arrivals, and can thus proceed immediately to the ULP. We impose no constraint on the order of segment arrivals nor on their sizes. Yet, in its time complexity, our scheme does not exceed the traditional computation, which assembles all the segments first, and it uses only a fixed and very small amount of extra memory. Our scheme is beneficial when the ULP can process the individual segments without reading the entire message first and can revert, if needed, to the state it had prior to the processing of any segment of that message. One practical example application is the evolving protocol for remote direct memory access (RDMA) over TCP, where an overall CRC is added to a concatenation of data segments.
Tuning Packing and Solubility of Donor (D)–Acceptor (A) Polymers by cis–trans Isomerization within Alkenyl Side Chains (2014)

The impact of alkenyl substituents on the behavior of cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole (CDT–BTZ) donor (D)–acceptor (A) polymers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and on the supramolecular organization was investigated. Linear cis- and trans-alkenes were attached to the donor unit of CDT–BTZ polymers to demonstrate the dependence of supramolecular ordering and solubility in organic solvents on chemical conformation. The layer interdigitation of the substituents differed due to shape disparities between cis- and trans-alkenes. While trans-alkenes exhibit zigzag structures that are beneficial for close packing, cis-alkenes are curved and thus possess a less regular shape that is disadvantageous to thin film ordering. This was proven by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) studies, which revealed shorter intermolecular distances for the polymer with trans-alkene substituents even in comparison to analogous polymers with saturated alkyl substituents. Furthermore, the isomerization of the cis-substituents toward their trans-conformers allowed improvement of the polymer crystallinity in thin films and was investigated in transistor devices and solubility studies.
FEACAN: Front-end acceleration for content-aware network processing (2011)

Modern networks are increasingly becoming content aware to improve data delivery and security via content-based network processing. Content-aware processing at the front end of distributed network systems, such as application identification for datacenter load-balancers and deep packet inspection for security gateways, is more challenging due to the wire-speed and low-latency requirement. Existing work focuses on algorithm-level solutions while lacking system-level design to meet the critical requirement for front-end content processing. In this paper, we propose a system-level solution named FEACAN for front-end acceleration of content-aware network processing. FEACAN employs a software-hardware co-design supporting both signature matching and regular expression matching for content-aware network processing. A two-dimensional DFA compression algorithm is designed to reduce the memory usage and a hardware lookup engine is proposed for high-performance lookup. Experimental results show that FEACAN achieves better performance than existing work in terms of processing speed, resource utilization, and update time.
Optimizing Time to Exhaustion in Service Providers Using Information-centric Networking (2016)

Exponential traffic growth due to the increasing popularity of Over-The-Top Video services has put service providers under much pressure. By promoting in-network caching, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a promising paradigm to answer current challenges in the service provider's domain. This paper reports on a cache placement strategy for service providers to delay the onset of congestion (time-to-exhaustion) to the extent possible in order to optimize their capital expenditure for their limited capacity planning budget. We show that even a limited deployment of ICN provides a substantial increase in the time-to-exhaustion of the network and a decrease in the number of links with high utilization.
CMOS-MEMS resonant demodulator for near-zero-power RF wake-up receiver (2017)

We demonstrate a CMOS-MEMS resonant demodulator for use in a nanoWatt-power RF wake-up sensor. "Near-zero" power operation is enabled through voltage step-up and frequency keying in passive MEMS elements. The integrated MEMS demodulator minimizes parasitic capacitance to maximize gain and performs high-Q filtering to prevent false triggering due to interference signal feedthrough. High-frequency testing of a demodulator with a minimum transduction gap size of 400 nm agrees with device models.
The Structure of DNA−Liposome Complexes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Structure of DNA−Liposome ComplexesDanilo D. Lasic, Helmut Strey, Mark C. A. Stuart, Rudolf Podgornik, and Peter M. FrederikView Author Information MegaBios Corporation, Burlingame, California Division of Computer Research and Technology Laboratory for Structural Biology National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Department of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Unit Limburg University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 4, 832–833Publication Date (Web):January 29, 1997Publication History Received5 August 1996Published online29 January 1997Published inissue 1 January 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962713ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962713grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2085Altmetric-Citations327LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Genetics,Lipids,Vesicles,X-ray scattering Get e-Alerts