gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Winding Paths of Scientific Careers (2021)

The paper covers studies of initial stages of scientists’ career paths in a crisis and/or moderni­zed society. The major focus is made on the following topics: impact of a crisis situation and/or a modernized society on any individual’s choice of the career and influence of personal protected space parameters on scientist’s career development.&#x0D; The studies include three thematic clusters: 1. Careers of natural scientists in the period of development of the profession of a scientist (in the context of England of the second half of the 17th century). The biographies of R. Boyle and R. Hooke were selected as references. 2. The career of a Russian scientist in 18–19th centuries. The biographies of M.V. Lomonosov and D.I. Mendeleev were selected as references. 3. German scientists during the Third Reich: creative activities and career development. The biography of P. Debye was selected as a reference.&#x0D; The presented historical examples along with an extensive array of sources (including archives) demonstrate that despite any individual differences in the career paths of the scientists living in the crisis and/or modernized societies in different countries and eras, the personal determinants of their career paths are in a certain way similar, namely:&#x0D; — the ability to distance oneself from other people (at least mentally);&#x0D; — the ability to represent one’s professional distinctiveness and irreplaceability;&#x0D; — the ability to make thematic research choices that are scientifically, career-wise, and socially successful;&#x0D; — the ability to stand up for personal scientific and life interests and priorities (even at the expense of generally accepted moral norms);&#x0D; — the ability to resort to protectionist resources and, if necessary, political rhetoric and dema­gogy with the purpose to carry out scientific works.
Colorimetric protein assay techniques (1999)

There has been an increase in the number of colorimetric assay techniques for the determination of protein concentration over the past 20 years. This has resulted in a perceived increase in sensitivity and accuracy with the advent of new techniques. The present review considers these advances with emphasis on the potential use of such technologies in the assay of biopharmaceuticals. The techniques reviewed include Coomassie Blue G-250 dye binding (the Bradford assay), the Lowry assay, the bicinchoninic acid assay and the biuret assay. It is shown that each assay has advantages and disadvantages relative to sensitivity, ease of performance, acceptance in the literature, accuracy and reproducibility/coefficient of variation/laboratory-to-laboratory variation. A comparison of the use of several assays with the same sample population is presented. It is suggested that the most critical issue in the use of a chromogenic protein assay for the characterization of a biopharmaceutical is the selection of a standard for the calibration of the assay; it is crucial that the standard be representative of the sample. If it is not possible to match the standard with the sample from the perspective of protein composition, then it is preferable to use an assay that is not sensitive to the composition of the protein such as a micro-Kjeldahl technique, quantitative amino acid analysis or the biuret assay. In a complex mixture it might be inappropriate to focus on a general method of protein determination and much more informative to use specific methods relating to the protein(s) of particular interest, using either specific assays or antibody-based methods. The key point is that whatever method is adopted as the 'gold standard' for a given protein, this method needs to be used routinely for calibration.
Implementation of Compact UWB Bandpass Filter With a Notch-Band (2008)

An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter on microstrip line with notch-band, compact-size and improved upper-stopband performances is presented and implemented. A modified non-uniform resonator is at first formed by transversely attaching three pairs of impedance-stepped stubs. Its resonance behavior is thoroughly characterized so as to allocate the first three resonant frequencies within 3.1-10.6 GHz band while suppressing spurious harmonics in the upper-band. As this resonator is linked at two sides with two feed lines via interdigital coupled lines with enhanced coupling degree, a preferred UWB passband is realized. Then, one of two arms in the coupled-line sections is largely extended and folded, aiming to create a notch band at the frequency of 5.6 GHz by virtue of out-of-phase transmission cancellation. Two filter prototypes are optimized and fabricated to demonstrate the notch-band-included and upper-stopband-improved UWB bandpass performances.
Effect of increased ambient pressure on lithotripsy-induced cavitation in bulk fluid and at solid surfaces (1999)

By reducing cell damage but maintaining stone comminution, overpressure (OP)—increased hydrostatic pressure—offers the promise of safer more effective shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) [Delius, UMB 23, 611–617]. A current hypothesis is that stones offer cavitation sites—sites of violent bubble activity—when the cavitation nuclei in a free field have been dissolved into the fluid by overpressure. Cavitation around solid bodies and in a free field with and without overpressure is investigated. High-speed photography and dual passive cavitation detection (PCD) were used to measure the temporal and spatial extent of cavitation in a 10-cm3 plastic chamber that minimally altered the shock wave. In a free field at OP=0 atm, cavitation bubbles formed and collapsed in 280±20 μs. The time of collapse tc was halved at OP=1 atm, and cavitation activity was not detectable at OP=3 atm. With a stone present, a bubble ∼10 times larger than free-field bubbles grew on the surface of the stone and collapsed after 440±50 μs. With overpressure tc shortened cavitation was still measurable (tc=80±12 μs at OP=3 atm). Results were similar with human kidney stones, artificial cement stones, and an aluminum plate, and support the caviation hypothesis. [Work supported by NIH DK43881, FIRCA, and CRDF.]
Bismuth doped fiber laser performance on effective fiber cooling (2009)

In the past, bismuth doped fiber (BiDF) lasers, operating in the 1160-1300 nm wavelength range, have gained much attention as they are promising for many applications; including medical and astronomy. However, the poor lasing efficiency of BiDF laser, compared to the widely used rare-earth doped fiber lasers, requires further investigations. One possible reason that can impair the BiDF laser efficiency is the presence of high unsaturable loss in the fiber, which is temperature dependent. Thus, temperature rise in the BiDF under strong pumping can be a limiting factor for such laser systems. Here, we report the dependence of BiDF laser efficiency on effective cooling of the fiber.
The Determination of Frequency in Systems of Mutually Synchronized Oscillators (1966)

The synchronization of large systems of geographically separated oscillators is of considerable practical interest for pulse code modulation (PCM) switching. This study examines the factors that determine the frequency at which such a system operates, considering both the procedure by which it is set up and the topology of system interconnections. A necessary and sufficient connectivity condition is established.
The Work Life of Developers: Activities, Switches and Perceived Productivity (2017)

Many software development organizations strive to enhance the productivity of their developers. All too often, efforts aimed at improving developer productivity are undertaken without knowledge about how developers spend their time at work and how it influences their own perception of productivity. To fill in this gap, we deployed a monitoring application at 20 computers of professional software developers from four companies for an average of 11 full work day in situ. Corroborating earlier findings, we found that developers spend their time on a wide variety of activities and switch regularly between them, resulting in highly fragmented work. Our findings extend beyond existing research in that we correlate developers' work habits with perceived productivity and also show productivity is a personal matter. Although productivity is personal, developers can be roughly grouped into morning, low-at-lunch and afternoon people. A stepwise linear regression per participant revealed that more user input is most often associated with a positive, and emails, planned meetings and work unrelated websites with a negative perception of productivity. We discuss opportunities of our findings, the potential to predict high and low productivity and suggest design approaches to create better tool support for planning developers' work day and improving their personal productivity.
Topological transition of a non-Markovian dissipative quantum walk (2020)

We extend non-Hermitian topological quantum walks on a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) lattice [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 065703 (2009)] to the case of non-Markovian evolution. This non-Markovian model is established by coupling each unit cell in the SSH lattice to a reservoir formed by a quasicontinuum of levels. We find a topological transition in this model even in the case of non-Markovian evolution where the walker may visit the reservoir and return to the SSH lattice at a later time. The existence of a topological transition does, however, depend on the low-frequency properties of the reservoir, characterized by a spectral density $J(\ensuremath{\epsilon})\ensuremath{\propto}{|\ensuremath{\epsilon}|}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$. In particular, we find a robust topological transition for a sub-Ohmic ($\ensuremath{\alpha}&lt;1$) and Ohmic ($\ensuremath{\alpha}=1$) reservoir, but no topological transition for a super-Ohmic ($\ensuremath{\alpha}&gt;1$) reservoir. This behavior is directly related to the well-known localization transition for the spin-boson model. We confirm the presence of non-Markovian dynamics by explicitly evaluating a measure of Markovianity for this model.
Antisense‐mediated therapeutic pseudoexon skipping in TMEM165‐CDG (2014)

Deficiencies in glycosyltransferases, glycosidases or nucleotide-sugar transporters involved in protein glycosylation lead to congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of genetic diseases mostly showing multisystem phenotype. Despite recent advances in the biochemical and molecular knowledge of these diseases, no effective therapy exists for most. Efforts are now being directed toward therapies based on identifying new targets, which would allow to treat specific patients in a personalized way. This work presents proof-of concept for the antisense RNA rescue of the Golgi-resident protein TMEM165, a gene involved in a new type of CDG with a characteristic skeletal phenotype. Using a functional in vitro splicing assay based on minigenes, it was found that the deep intronic change c.792+182G>A is responsible for the insertion of an aberrant exon, corresponding to an intronic sequence. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide therapy targeted toward TMEM165 mRNA recovered normal protein levels in the Golgi apparatus of patient-derived fibroblasts. This work expands the application of antisense oligonucleotide-mediated pseudoexon skipping to the treatment of a Golgi-resident protein, and opens up a promising treatment option for this specific TMEM165-CDG.
Las competencias de liderazgo de los Presidentes de Gobierno en España (2002)

El presidente del Gobierno tiene un lugar prevalente en el sistema constitucional espanol. En el se concentran las funciones de creacion y cese del Gobierno, de mando en las deliberaciones del ejecutivo, de disolucion de las camaras o de proposicion de una mocion de confianza. Pero no es solo una preeminencia normativa. El sistema de partidos espanol y la practica politica desde 1978 hasta el momento han convertido al presidente del Gobierno en maximo dirigente del aparato politico de su partido y jefe de la mayoria parlamentaria. Se produce asi un reforzamiento mutuo del liderazgo politico y de la figura del presidente del Gobierno, que se establece como el organo clave en la orientacion y direccion politica del Estado. Se convierte en el maximo lider politico del pais. Este gran protagonismo no se ve correspondido en una abundancia de estudios sobre la figura del presidente del Gobierno de la Nacion, y menos sobre sus homologos autonomicos. Los escasos trabajos existentes se centran mas en su vertiente legal normativa que en su aspecto funcional (1). En el genero historico-periodistico destaca el libro de Prego (2000) con entrevistas en profundidad a cuatro presidentes del Gobierno de Espana. Pilar del Castillo (2001) ha confirmado desde su doble
SCREENING FOR DISTANT METASTASES IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS* (1984)

The search for distant metastases in head and neck cancer patients, at the time of initial presentation and evaluation, is justified in order not to subject a patient to radical local therapy if cure cannot be attained. This study reviews 897 consecutive cases of squamous carcinoma of the larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx and oral cavity, presenting to the Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery. One hundred and twenty-one patients presented with advanced disease or other factors that suggested distant metastases were highly likely to be present. These patients underwent extensive metastatic work-up, consisting of biochemical profiles, liver scan, bone scan and chest X-ray. The value of this extensive evaluation is assessed in terms of the patient-derived benefit, rather than the traditional incidence of metastases and predictive accuracy. Evidence of metastases was identified in 15 patients (12.4%) of this high risk group, but were of significance in the selection of appropriate therapy in only three patients (2.5%). Due to shortcomings in the investigative modalities currently in use and difficulties in their interpretation, erroneous therapeutic decisions were made in two of these three cases. In view of this low positive yield, the rationale between routine screening in head and neck cancer is discussed with its effect on therapeutic decisions.
Stochasticity and superadiabaticity in radiofrequency plasma heating (1979)

In a plasma subject to radiofrequency fields, it is only the resonant particles - comprising just a minor portion of the total velocity distribution - which are strongly affected. Under near-fusion conditions, thermalization by Coulomb collisions is slow, and noncollisional stochasticity can play an important role in reshaping f(v). It is found that the common rf interactions, including Landau, cyclotron and transit-time damping, can be fitted in a unified manner by a simple two-step one-parameter (epsilon) mapping which can display collision-free stochastic or adiabatic (also called superadiabatic) behavior, depending on the choice of epsilon. The effect on the evolution of the space averaged f (x,v,t) is reasonably well described by a pseudo-stochastic diffusion function, D/sub PS/(v,epsilon) which is the quasilinear diffusion coefficient but with appropriate widening of the delta-function spikes. Coulomb collisions, leading to D/sub Coul/(v) which may be added and directly compared to D/sub PS/(v,epsilon), are introduced by Langevin terms in the mapping equations.
Habits of Attack by the Black Turpentine Beetle on Slash and Longleaf Pine in North Florida (1957)

Journal Article Habits of Attack by the Black Turpentine Beetle on Slash and Longleaf Pine in North Florida Get access Richard H. Smith Richard H. Smith Entomologist, Forest Service, U.S.D.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 50, Issue 3, 1 June 1957, Pages 241–244, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.3.241 Published: 01 June 1957
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (1983)

A B S T R A C T Inherited deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in a syndrome of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Children with ADA--SCID lack ADA in all cells and tissues. In contrast, a partial deficiency of ADA has been described in six immunologically normal children from four different families. These children lack ADA in their erythrocytes but retain variable amounts of activity in their lymphoid cells. We have examined ADA activity in lymphoid line cells from four of these children, who are unrelated, for evidence of genetic heterogeneity. One child, who is Caucasian, has an enzyme with increased electrophoretic mobility, a diminished isoelectric point (pl 4.8 vs. Nl = 4.9) and very low activity (2.3 vs. Nl = 82.9±12.9 nmol/mg protein per min); as a second child has an enzyme with normal electrophoretic mobility but increased isoelectric point (pI = 5.0), markedly diminished heat stability at 56°C (tl/2 = 4.2' vs. Nl = 40') and low activity (12.1); a third has an enzyme with only diminished heat stability (t1/2 = 6.5'), no detectable abnormality in charge and almost normal activity (41.9); while the fourth exhibits only diminished ADA activity (25.0) with no striking qualitative abnormalities.
Rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for quantification of lamotrigine in human plasma: application to a human pharmacokinetic study (2011)

A highly sensitive, specific and fully validated LC-MS/MS method as per general practices of industry has been developed for estimation of lamotrigine (LAM) with 100 μL of human plasma using flucanozole as an internal standard (IS). The API-4000 LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple reaction-monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. A simple liquid-liquid extraction process was used to extract LAM and IS from human plasma. The total run time was 2.0 min and the elution of LAM and IS occurred at 1.25 and 1.45 min; this was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-methanol (20:40:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min on a Discovery CN (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. The developed method was validated in human plasma with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.1 ng/mL for LAM. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.1-1500 ng/mL (r > 0.998) for LAM. The intra- and inter-day precision values for LAM met the acceptance as per Food and Drug Administration guidelines. LAM was stable in the set of stability studies, viz. bench-top, autosampler and freeze-thaw cycles. The developed assay method was applied to an oral bioequivalence study in humans.
Discovery and Characterization of a Peptide Motif That Specifically Recognizes a Non-native Conformation of Human IgG Induced by Acidic pH Conditions (2009)

In therapeutic antibody preparation, acidic pH conditions are generally used for elution from Protein A affinity column of IgG or for its viral inactivation. Exposing IgG to low pH conditions induces conformational changes, leading to its functional damage or loss, although the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study using random peptide T7 phage display libraries, we isolated a unique and novel peptide motif that specifically recognized the non-native conformer (acid conformer) of human IgG that was generated by the low pH treatment, but not the native conformer. We examined the generation conditions and biochemical properties of acid conformer using the peptide motif as an affinity ligand. The acid conformer was easily generated at acidic pH (<pH 3.0) and at moderate temperatures (20-40 degrees C). The conformer was present in a monomeric form functionally maintaining antigen or Fc receptor binding, but showed a tendency to aggregate with a long incubation time at neutral pH (>25 degrees C). The peptides isolated here could contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of antibody dysfunction or aggregation during acid exposure as well as storage of human IgG.
ChemInform Abstract: [60]Fullerene‐Based Liquid Crystals Acting as Acid‐Sensitive Fluorescent Probes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Surface-based 3D image registration using the iterative closest-point algorithm with a closest-point transform</title> (1996)

Image registration is a valuable technique for medical diagnosis and treatment. It allows physicians to combine information from multiple images by aligning them into the same coordinate space. Surface-based methods register images by aligning corresponding surfaces of one or more anatomical structures such as the surface of the brain or skull. In this paper we examine a novel implementation of this approach. We use the iterative closest point algorithm to iteratively search for the transformation that minimizes the distance between surface points in one image and a surface model in the other image. In each iteration we use the closest point transform to find corresponding points that are closest with respect to the transformation estimated in the previous iteration. Results from several experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Ferulic Acid as Building Block for the Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Biobased Aromatic Polyesters (2021)

Enzymatic synthesis of aromatic biobased polyesters is a recent and rapidly expanding research field. However, the direct lipase-catalyzed synthesis of polyesters from ferulic acid has not yet been reported. In this work, various ferulic-based monomers were considered for their capability to undergo CALB-catalyzed polymerization. After conversion into diesters of different lengths, the CALB-catalyzed polymerization of these monomers with 1,4-butanediol resulted in short oligomers with a DP<sub>n</sub> up to 5. Hydrogenation of the double bond resulted in monomers allowing obtaining polyesters of higher molar masses with DP<sub>n</sub> up to 58 and M<sub>w</sub> up to 33,100 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>. These polyesters presented good thermal resistance up to 350 °C and T<sub>g</sub> up to 7 °C. Reduction of the ferulic-based diesters into diols allowed preserving the double bond and synthesizing polyesters with a DP<sub>n</sub> up to 19 and M<sub>w</sub> up to 15,500 g·mol<sup>-1</sup> and higher T<sub>g</sub> (up to 21 °C). Thus, this study has shown that the monomer hydrogenation strategy proved to be the most promising route to achieve ferulic-based polyester chains of high DP<sub>n</sub>. This study also demonstrates for the first time that ferulic-based diols allow the synthesis of high T<sub>g</sub> polyesters. Therefore, this is an important first step toward the synthesis of competitive biobased aromatic polyesters by enzymatic catalysis.
Bioethics in Embryonic Research (2006)

Abstract Embryonic research has raised questions throughout the history of its practice, particularly given the recent developments in fetal and stem cell research.
Image Quality Measures for Evaluating Gamut Mapping (2009)

In this paper we compare different image quality measures for the gamut mapping problem, and validate them using psycho-visual data from four recent gamut mapping studies. The psycho-visual data are choice data of the form: given an original image and two images obtained by applying different gamut mapping algorithms, an observer chooses the one that reproduces the original image better in his/her opinion. The scoring function used to validate the quality measures is the hit rate, i.e., the percentage of correct choice predictions on data from the psycho-visual tests. We also propose a new image quality measure based on the difference in color and local contrast. This measure compares well to the measures from the literature on our psycho-visual data. Some of these measures predict the observer's preferences equally well as scaling methods like Thurstone's method or conjoint analysis that are used to evaluate the psycho-visual tests. This is remarkable in the sense that the scaling methods are based on the experimental data, whereas the quality measures are independent of this data.