gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of Competitive Success of an Intraseeded Creeping Bentgrass Cultivar into an Established Putting Green (2002)

Intraseeding is a popular approach for converting established golf course putting greens to a more desirable cultivar of the same species without killing the existing turf. This study was conducted to determine the competitive success of an intraseeded creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) cultivar in an established putting green using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Two replicate, United States Golf Association (USGA) specification greens, established with ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five conversion treatments as follows: control, scalping, coring, a trinexapac‐ethyl application, and a glyphosate application. Vertical mowing and topdressing were followed by subsequent seeding with ‘Penn G‐2’ creeping bentgrass (G‐2) in two directions at 12.2 kg seed ha −1 Treatments were performed in October 1998, April 1999, and September 1999. Pretreatment samples taken from each plot on 22 Sept. 1998 and posttreatment samples taken on 28 May 1999 and 24 Mar. 2000 were evaluated for changes in population dynamics using RAPD markers. By the end of the study, both glyphosate‐treated plots had completely shifted to G‐2, while plots subjected to other treatments showed no evidence of the cultivar. The detection of G‐2 in samples collected on 28 May 1999 suggested that a transient change occurred in the scalp (Exp. 2) treatment; however, evidence of G‐2 was no longer evident on 24 Mar. 2000. Data indicated that the effectiveness of the intraseeding techniques and timings used in this study to convert putting greens to a new cultivar were quite limited. This may have been due to unsuccessful elimination of root competition from the existing turf. Until more effective intraseeding methods are developed, chemical renovation remains the most effective way to ensure the establishment of new cultivars.
Network cities and externalities (2004)

The concept of «agglomeration economies» explains the existence of advantages derived from the concentration of population and activity. However, it does not explain the existence of spatially dynamic external economies. Network economies generated in networks of cities correspond to this last type, since they are generated from the interaction between urban units, linked by a network relationship. The objective of this research is to advance in the study of the relationship between the networks of cities and the generation of external economies. The research is divided in four parts: first we expose the link between networks of cities and external economies. The second part outlines a model for the combined measuring of the concentration and network economies. The third part explains the results of applying the model to a case of study: the network of cities of Catalonia. The results suggest that there is a causal relationship between the organization of the urban units forming networks of cities and the generation of external economies that affect growth and economic development. Finally, conclusions and policy implications are drawn up.
Sampling Weights and Regression Analysis (1994)

Most major population surveys used by social scientists are based on complex sampling designs where sampling units have different probabilities of being selected. Although sampling weights must generally be used to derive unbiased estimates of univariate population characteristics, the decision about their use in regression analysis is more complicated. Where sampling weights are solely a function of independent variables included in the model, unweighted OLS estimates are preferred because they are unbiased, consistent, and have smaller standard errors than weighted OLS estimates. Where sampling weights are a function of the dependent variable (and thus of the error term), we recommend first attempting to respecify the model so that they are solely a function of the independent variables. If this can be accomplished, then unweighted OLS is again preferred. If the model cannot be respecified, then estimation of the model using sampling weights may be appropriate. In this case, however, the formula used by most computer programs for calculating standard errors will be incorrect. We recommend using the White heteroskedastic consistent estimator for the standard errors.
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of the Band Gap in Black Phosphorus (2016)

Black phosphorus (BP) has gained renewed attention due to its singular anisotropic electronic and optical properties that might be exploited for a wide range of technological applications. In this respect, the thermal properties are particularly important both to predict its room temperature operation and to determine its thermoelectric potential. From this point of view, one of the most spectacular and poorly understood phenomena is indeed the BP temperature-induced band gap opening; when temperature is increased, the fundamental band gap increases instead of decreases. This anomalous thermal dependence has also been observed recently in its monolayer counterpart. In this work, based on ab initio calculations, we present an explanation for this long known and yet not fully explained effect. We show that it arises from a combination of harmonic and lattice thermal expansion contributions, which are in fact highly interwined. We clearly narrow down the mechanisms that cause this gap opening by identifying the peculiar atomic vibrations that drive the anomaly. The final picture we give explains both the BP anomalous band gap opening and the frequency increase with increasing volume (tension effect).
Breakdown features of various microstrip-type gas counter designs and their improvements (1998)

Breakdown mechanisms and spurious pulses, the precursors to some breakdowns, were studied experimentally for both uncoated and coated microstrip gas counters (MSGCs) of different geometries, as well as for microgap counters (MGCs) and for the "Compteur A Trou" (CAT). It was found that in all cases the breakdowns occurred through surface streamers, although the exact mechanism of streamer formation depended on the particular detector design. Based on these studies, new designs of microstrip detectors, in which the role of the substrate was minimized, were elaborated and tested. In some of these detectors, especially with large pitches (>2 mm), gains up to 2-3/spl times/10/sup 5/ were achieved together with good rate characteristics. The ultimate gain limit in all geometries was still set by spark-inducing streamers which appeared at some critical charge density in the avalanche. To avoid this, and particularly to enhance the performance of small-pitch MSGCs, preamplification structures can be used. Utilizing a parallel plate avalanche chamber as a front end to an MSGC resulted in an overall gain of /spl sim/10/sup 6/, limited in this case only by charge saturation.
Binary Structured HTTP Headers (2020)

This specification defines a binary serialisation of Structured
Headers for HTTP, along with a negotiation mechanism for its use in
HTTP/2. It also defines how to use Structured Headers for many
existing headers - thereby backporting them - when supported by two
peers.
Evolution of antigen-specific follicular helper T cell transcription from effector function to memory (2022)

Understanding how follicular helper T cells (TFH) regulate the specialization, maturation, and differentiation of adaptive B cell immunity is crucial for developing durable high-affinity immune protection. Using indexed single-cell molecular strategies, we reveal a skewed intraclonal assortment of higher-affinity T cell receptors and the distinct molecular programming of the localized TFH compartment compared with emigrant conventional effector T<sub>H</sub> cells. We find a temporal shift in B cell receptor class switch, which permits identification of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory modules of transcriptional programming that subspecialize TFH function before and during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Late collapse of this local primary GC reaction reveals a persistent post-GC TFH population that discloses a putative memory TFH program. These studies define subspecialized antigen-specific TFH transcriptional programs that progressively change with antibody class-specific evolution of high-affinity B cell immunity and a memory TFH transcriptional program that emerges upon local GC resolution.
4D DAS VSP as a tool for frequent seismic monitoring in deep water (2017)

Abstract Thanks to its relatively low cost, time-lapse vertical seismic profiling (VSP) with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an attractive proposition for frequent seismic monitoring around production and injection wells, aimed at production optimization in complex deepwater fields. We demonstrate that 4D DAS VSP provides sufficient data quality for reservoir monitoring in deep water, with a high value-to-investment ratio. 4D quality and image extent can be enhanced through well-executed acquisition and advanced processing. Further cost lowering via innovations on the source side is being pursued. The path to establishing 4D DAS VSP as a monitoring tool in deep water is through further field applications to demonstrate its ability to impact business decisions.
Ewing’s sarcoma (2010)

Treatments for ES include surgery, radiation, and cytotoxic regimens, many of which include vincristine. Treatment for recurrent ES has included topotecan, cyclophosphamide, temozolomide, and irinotecan. Angiogenesis inhibitors, TK inhibitors, and bisphosphonates have also been studied.
Diastolic Heart Failure (2007)

These data demonstrate serological evidence of an active fibrotic process in DHF, which is more marked in more severe diastolic dysfunction. This observation may help explain the pathophysiology of DHF and may suggest new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
Supplementary Figure 1 from HER2 Overexpression Elicits a Proinflammatory IL-6 Autocrine Signaling Loop That Is Critical for Tumorigenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from HER2 Overexpression Elicits a Proinflammatory IL-6 Autocrine Signaling Loop That Is Critical for Tumorigenesis
Reduction of Logic to Arithmetic (2013)

Abstract: It is possible to make decisions mathematically of first order predicate calculus. A new mathematical formula is found for the solution of decision problem. We can reduce a logical algorithm into simple algorithm without logical trees. I For n number of inputs, is there any mathematical formula that answers yes or no?[1][2][3] Now it is possible, a mathematical formula[4] is found that can be used to reduce the logical algorithm into simple algorithm without logical trees. This converts logical operation to arithmetic operation. It is a solution for decision problem of first order predicate calculus or first order logic. Therefore in a computer
Needed for completion of the human genome: hypothesis driven experiments and biologically realistic mathematical models (2004)

With the sponsorship of ``Fundacio La Caixa'' we met in Barcelona, November 21st and 22nd, to analyze the reasons why, after the completion of the human genome sequence, the identification all protein coding genes and their variants remains a distant goal. Here we report on our discussions and summarize some of the major challenges that need to be overcome in order to complete the human gene catalog.
Effects of High Dose Rate Ionizing Radiation on Fused Silica and Sapphire Films (2013)

The effects of high dose rate electron beam exposures on the electrical conductivity of fused silica and sapphire films are investigated via modern experimental techniques. Transient measurements have been obtained for dose rates ranging from 3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> rad(Si)/s to 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> rad(Si)/s and for pulse widths ranging from 50 ns to 500 ns. The data indicate that the radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) has a varying power-law relationship with dose rate (i.e., the power-law relationship for low dose rates is different than for high dose rates) and that the RIC coefficient (k c) increases at lower dose rates, peaks, and then decreases at higher dose rates. It is also shown that the RIC response of each film increases several orders of magnitude during a high-intensity ionizing radiation exposure and is linearly dependent on applied bias. Two-dimensional (2-D) numerical simulations are used to qualitatively capture the observed RIC response and provide insight into the physics of the induced current transients.
The Acylation of Corn Starch, Amylose and Amylopectin (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acylation of Corn Starch, Amylose and AmylopectinIvan A. Wolff, David W. Olds, and G. E. HilbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 346–349Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a115https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a115research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
L‐methionine (1974)

Fourteen patients under treatment with levodopa for idiopathic Parkinson9s disease were placed on a restricted methionine diet, 0.5 gm daily, for eight days. L-methionine, 1.5 gm three times a day, or placebo (lactose) was administered in a randomized, double-blind technique to seven patients. Seven on the low methionine regimen received placebo and three subjectively improved. Five of seven receiving a high I-methionine intake became worse. One patient exhibited a hypersexual, aggressive behavior without changes in clinical signs, and another became severely depressed. Patients regressed in gait, bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but returned to base line when I-methionine was discontinued. One patient deteriorated rapidly on I-methionine to a state even worse than that before levodopa therapy. We conclude that I-methionine may reverse the clinical effectiveness of levodopa in parkinsonism.
Vorwort (1994)

Viele Unternehmen sehen sich heute einer Situation gegenüber, in der ihre über so viele Jahre erprobten Erfolgskonzepte nicht mehr greifen. Teils wurde dies durch die Führungskräfte bemerkt und man sucht angestrengt nach neuen Wegen, um mit den Herausforderungen und strukturellen Verwerfungen unserer Zeit zurecht zu kommen; teils verbarrikadiert man sich aber auch hinter alten Verhaltensmustem und betrachtet die derzeitige Schieflage nur als ein Übergangsproblem und damit als eine Frage des Durchhaltens.
MiR-34b is associated with clinical outcome in triple-negative breast cancer patients (2012)

MiR-34b expression negatively correlates with disease free survival and overall survival in TNBC patients. Thus, miR-34b may present a new promising prognostic biomarker in TNBC patients, but independent validations are necessary.
Combined coherence and prefetching mechanisms for effective web caching (2002)

The cache coherence and prefetching are both important mechanisms of web caching. The coherence is for updating the stale documents, and prefetching is for reducing the response latency. Based on the analysis of major algorithms of coherence and prefetching, we have identified the difference and commonness of the two mechanisms. Both mechanisms need the collaboration of proxy client and web server. Therefore, if coherence and prefetching are combined, the number of requests the web server receives will decrease, as well as the corresponding connecting time (e.g. DNS lookup, TCP connection, HTTP head request). In addition, this combination will save the network bandwidth.
Mapping Mechanical Force Propagation through Biomolecular Complexes (2015)

Here we employ single-molecule force spectroscopy with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to reveal force propagation pathways through a mechanically ultrastable multidomain cellulosome protein complex. We demonstrate a new combination of network-based correlation analysis supported by AFM directional pulling experiments, which allowed us to visualize stiff paths through the protein complex along which force is transmitted. The results implicate specific force-propagation routes nonparallel to the pulling axis that are advantageous for achieving high dissociation forces.
Visible-Light-Mediated Achmatowicz Rearrangement (2016)

Visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis is a viable method to access highly reactive intermediates from cheap, readily available, and shelf-stable reagents to perform clean chemical transformations. Here, we report the first photoredox-catalyzed Achmatowicz reaction of furfuryl alcohol derivatives to produce functionalized dihydropyranones while only forming easily separable NaHSO<sub>4</sub> as a byproduct. The water solubility of the byproduct facilitates direct Boc-protection of the resulting hemiacetal without the need for column purification. The reaction is very robust and permits the use of various aqueous solutions and light sources including sunlight.
Targeting of insect epicuticular lipids by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: hydrocarbon oxidation within the context of a host-pathogen interaction (2013)

Broad host range entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana attack insect hosts via attachment to cuticular substrata and the production of enzymes for the degradation and penetration of insect cuticle. The outermost epicuticular layer consists of a complex mixture of non-polar lipids including hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and wax esters. Long chain hydrocarbons are major components of the outer waxy layer of diverse insect species, where they serve to protect against desiccation and microbial parasites, and as recognition molecules or as a platform for semiochemicals. Insect pathogenic fungi have evolved mechanisms for overcoming this barrier, likely with sets of lipid degrading enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities. Alkanes and fatty acids are substrates for a specific subset of fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in insect hydrocarbon degradation. These enzymes activate alkanes by terminal oxidation to alcohols, which are further oxidized by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, whose products can enter β-oxidation pathways. B. bassiana contains at least 83 genes coding for cytochrome P450s (CYP), a subset of which are involved in hydrocarbon oxidation, and several of which represent new CYP subfamilies/families. Expression data indicated differential induction by alkanes and insect lipids and four CYP proteins have been partially characterized after heterologous expression in yeast. Gene knockouts revealed a phenotype for only one (cyp52X1) out of six genes examined to date. CYP52X1 oxidizes long chain fatty acids and participates in the degradation of specific epicuticular lipid components needed for breaching the insect waxy layer. Examining the hydrocarbon oxidizing CYP repertoire of pathogens involved in insect epicuticle degradation can lead to the characterization of enzymes with novel substrate specificities. Pathogen targeting may also represent an important co-evolutionary process regarding insect cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis.
Effect of n-heptane and n-decane on exhaust odour in direct injection diesel engines (2005)

This study investigated the effect of n-heptane and n-decane on exhaust odour in direct injection (DI) diesel engines. The prospect of these alternative fuels to reduce wall adherence and overleaning, major sources of incomplete combustion, as well as odorous emissions has been investigated. The n-heptane was tested as a low boiling point fuel that can improve evaporation as well as wall adherence. However, the odour is a little worse with n-heptane and blends than that of diesel fuel due to overleaning of the mixture. Also, formaldehyde (HCHO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) in the exhaust increase with increasing n-heptane content. The n-decane was tested as a fuel with a high cetane number that can improve ignition delay, which has a direct effect on wall adherence and overleaning. However, with n-decane and blends, the odour rating is about 0.5-1 point lower than for diesel fuel. Moreover, the aldehydes and THC are significantly reduced. This is due to less wall adherence and proper mixture formation.
Significant enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of porphyrin based dye sensitized solar cell by co-sensitization with metal free dye (2013)

A step wise approach for co-sensitization of a zinc porphyrin sensitizer (Zn-por) with symmetrical BF2–azopyrrole dye (BF2) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been developed. With this approach, the co-sensitized Zn-por + BF2 based DSSC shows both Jsc and Voc significantly enhanced in relation to their individual sensitized DSSCs. Upon optimization, the DSSC sensitized with Zn-por + BF2 system yields Jsc = 12.4 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.72 V, FF = 0.70, and PCE = 6.25%. This performance is superior to that of individual DSSC sensitized with Zn-por (PCE = 4.83%) and BF2 (PCE = 3.26%), respectively, under similar conditions. The broader IPCE spectra of the DSSC based on Zn-por + BF2 dye relative to other DSSCs are responsible for the higher Jsc. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data, we found that the charge recombination can be significantly retarded for co-sensitized system, relative to the Zn-por based DSSCs to account for the enhanced Voc. The PCE is further enhanced by employing decoxycholic acid (DCA) as coadsorbent. The highest PCE obtained for DSSC with Zn-por and BF2 in the presence of DCA is about 7.46%.
Manufacturing and characteristics of low-voltage organic thin-film transistors (2010)

Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) are field-effect transistors in which the semiconductor is a more or less ordered (usually polycrystalline) film of conjugated organic molecules [1]. The channel mobility of organic TFTs is usually in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm2/Vs, and the cutoff frequency is typically between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. Organic TFTs can be fabricated at relatively low temperatures of about 100 °C and thus on flexible plastic substrates and even on paper. To keep the gate leakage through the low-temperature-deposited gate dielectric small, the dielectric is usually relatively thick, so that organic TFTs typically require relatively large voltages (≥10 V). Recently, a monolayer-based dielectric with a thickness of only a few nanometers that provides both a large capacitance and small gate leakage has allowed the fabrication of organic TFTs and organic complementary circuits that can be operated with voltages of about 2 to 3 V.
Application of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Position-Sensitive Detector to Optical Rules (2001)

No abstracts