gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint symbol, frame, and carrier synchronization for Eureka 147 DAB system (2002)

We present a joint symbol, frame, and carrier synchronization method for an OFDM signal in this paper. Symbol timing is determined first by detecting an abrupt phase change in the autocorrelation of the last quarter (e.g. Eureka 147 DAB) useful symbol and its cyclic extension in the guard interval. Frequency offset of fractional carrier spacing can be estimated from the phase angle of this autocorrelation. Coarse frame synchronization or null symbol detection can also be achieved through this information. Frequency offset of integral carrier spacing and finer frame synchronizations are determined by convolution of a received phase reference symbol and several locally generated but frequency shifted phase reference symbols. Our simulation results show that this symbol timing estimation method is less sensitive to multipath fading and the frequency offset estimation is more accurate in mobile radio channels. We also show that the algorithm is robust in both AWGN and two-path fading channels for SNR down to about 8 dB.
Sparsity-Aware Sensor Collaboration for Linear Coherent Estimation (2015)

In the context of distributed estimation, we consider the problem of sensor collaboration, which refers to the act of sharing measurements with neighboring sensors prior to transmission to a fusion center. While incorporating the cost of sensor collaboration, we aim to find optimal sparse collaboration schemes subject to a certain information or energy constraint. Two types of sensor collaboration problems are studied: minimum energy with an information constraint; and maximum information with an energy constraint. To solve the resulting sensor collaboration problems, we present tractable optimization formulations and propose efficient methods that render near-optimal solutions in numerical experiments. We also explore the situation in which there is a cost associated with the involvement of each sensor in the estimation scheme. In such situations, the participating sensors must be chosen judiciously. We introduce a unified framework to jointly design the optimal sensor selection and collaboration schemes. For a given estimation performance, we empirically show that there exists a trade-off between sensor selection and sensor collaboration.
Performance and reliability evaluations of p-channel flash memories with different programming schemes (2002)

In this paper, a complete study of the cell reliability based on a unique oxide damage characterization for two different programming schemes of p-channel flash cell are presented. These two programming schemes are Channel Hot Electron (CHE) injection or Band-to-Band (BTB) tunneling induced hot electron injection. Degradation of memory cells after P/E cycles due to the above oxide damages has been identified. It was found that both N/sub it/ and Q/sub ox/ will dominate the device degradation during programming. Although p-flash cell has high speed performance compared with n-flash cell, extra efforts are needed for designing reliable p-channel flash cell by appropriate drain engineering or related device optimization.
FAPRI U.S. Agricultural Outlook (1995)

S. agricultural sector and international coinmodity markets.These projections serve as a baseline for evaluating and comparing alternative macroeconomic, policy, weather, and technological scenarios.They are intended for use by farmers, government agencies and officials, agribusinesses, and others who do medium-range and long-term planning~ F APRI baseline projections are grounded on a series of assumptions about the general economy, agricultural policies, the weather, and.technological change.Macroeconon;1ic assumptions are based on forecasts prepared by the WEF A Group and Project LINK.It is assumed that current agricultural policies will be continued in the United States and other trading nations.This is an important caveat in a year when the United States is undergoing a fundamental review of agricultural policies.Average weather conditions and historical rates of technological change are also assumed to prevail during the projection period.
Consent to ECT: patients' experiences in an Irish ECT clinic (2007)

Aims and Method The aim of this study was to examine the subjective experience of the procedure for obtaining consent for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in an Irish setting. A total of 89 consecutively treated patients were sent a postal survey at an average of 17 weeks after ECT treatment. Results This survey revealed low rates of perceived coercion in relation to consenting to ECT. Overall, there were high rates of satisfaction with the consenting procedure in terms of information and staff support. Clinical Implications In an accredited clinic, the consenting procedure can be conducted in an environment free of coercion, resulting in higher levels of patient satisfaction than previously reported.
Axon fasciculation in the developing olfactory nerve (2010)

Olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons exit the olfactory epithelium (OE) and extend toward the olfactory bulb (OB) where they coalesce into glomeruli. Each OSN expresses only 1 of approximately 1,200 odor receptors (ORs). OSNs expressing the same OR are distributed in restricted zones of the OE. However, within a zone, the OSNs expressing a specific OR are not contiguous - distribution appears stochastic. Upon reaching the OB the OSN axons expressing the same OR reproducibly coalesce into two to three glomeruli. While ORs appear necessary for appropriate convergence of axons, a variety of adhesion associated molecules and activity-dependent mechanisms are also implicated. Recent data suggest pre-target OSN axon sorting may influence glomerular convergence. Here, using regional and OR-specific markers, we addressed the spatio-temporal properties associated with the onset of homotypic fasciculation in embryonic mice and assessed the degree to which subpopulations of axons remain segregated as they extend toward the nascent OB. We show that immediately upon crossing the basal lamina, axons uniformly turn sharply, usually at an approximately 90° angle toward the OB. Molecularly defined subpopulations of axons show evidence of spatial segregation within the nascent nerve by embryonic day 12, within 48 hours of the first OSN axons crossing the basal lamina, but at least 72 hours before synapse formation in the developing OB. Homotypic fasciculation of OSN axons expressing the same OR appears to be a hierarchical process. While regional segregation occurs in the mesenchyme, the final convergence of OR-specific subpopulations does not occur until the axons reach the inner nerve layer of the OB.
Oxidative and non‐oxidative mechanisms of neuronal cell death and apoptosis by L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) and dopamine (2002)

1. The present study was designed to evaluate the nature of intervening agents in L-DOPA- and dopamine-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro-2A cells. 2. In the absence of cells and in conditions of light protection, at 37 degrees C, L-DOPA or dopamine (1 mM) in culture medium degraded spontaneously in a time-dependent manner, this being prevented by ascorbic acid (200 microM) and other antioxidants, namely glutathione (1 mM), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM), sodium metabisulphite (200 microM), but not N-ter-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (1 mM) and deferoxamine (100 microM). 3. The viability of Neuro-2A cells declined following treatment with L-DOPA or dopamine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The decrease in cell viability by L-DOPA (10+/-4% of control) or dopamine (15+/-4% of control) was markedly attenuated by antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and sodium metabisulphite). Autoxidation of L-DOPA or dopamine was accompanied by the formation of H(2)O(2) in a time-dependent manner, this being completely prevented by ascorbic acid at 24 h or markedly reduced at 48 h. 4. Protective effects of 100 U ml(-1) catalase (40+/-1% of control) against L-DOPA-induced cell death were lower than those conferred by 200 microM ascorbic acid (70+/-3% of control). Catalase-induced protection (59+/-5% of control) against dopamine-induced cell death was similar to that conferred by 200 microM ascorbic acid (57+/-4% of control). L-DOPA-induced neuronal cell death was also accompanied by increases in caspase-3 activity, this being insensitive to ascorbic acid. Dopamine-induced increase in caspase-3 activity occurred only when autoxidation of the amine was prevented by ascorbic acid. 5. It is suggested that in addition to generation of H(2)O(2) and quinone formation, L-DOPA- and dopamine-induced cell death may result from induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by increases in caspase-3 activity. Dopamine per se induces apoptosis by a mechanism independent of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the fact that increases in caspase-3 activity occurred only when autoxidation of the amine was prevented.
Design of multilevel threshold matrices for ordered dither digital halftoning, optimized for edge sharpness, detail reproduction and texture (2003)

More generalized forms of a half-toning cell for ordered-dither digital halftoning are investigated. The subdivision of these into subcells and the systematic assignment to the latter of threshold values result in favorable characteristics which can be evaluated visually in spatial terms and analytically in terms of their frequency range. This enables the most suitable type of array to be found for a given output medium. By using these arrays instead of the square matrices with clustered threshold value distribution which are customary in many cases, it is possible to improve both the line reproduction and the visible texture to an extent which would otherwise only become feasible by means of improvements in the hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbon dioxide sequestration in the Campine Basin and the adjacent Roer Valley Graben (North Belgium): an inventory (2004)

Abstract The Campine Basin offers a variety of potential CO 2 storage sites. Within the Roer Valley Graben area Triassic Buntsandstein rocks have an estimated CO 2 storage capacity of several hundred million tons. Mesozoic shales and younger sediments provide adequate sealing. Westphalian D sandstones may possess storage opportunities in the southern graben area, and the karstified/dolomitized parts of the Dinantian carbonates in the western sub-basin have an estimated CO 2 storage capacity of 130 × 10 6 tons. In places, the Dinantian reservoirs may be combined with carbonate reservoirs in the underlying Devonian strata. Sealing is provided by Namurian shales and Westphalian coals and shales. Along the western and southern edge of the basin the Dinantian reservoir is sealed by Cretaceous chalks and marls. Besides aquifers, the available coal qualifies for CO 2 storage. Six Six methane target areas contain a producible enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM), volume of 53–79 × 10 9 m 3 . This provides a minimum CO 2 sequestration potential of 400 × 10 6 tons. ECBM development factors include the sedimentological setting of the coal sequence as well as changes in porosity, permeability and stress conditions induced by former mining activities. The CO 2 storage capacity in abandoned coalmines is limited. Nevertheless, CO 2 storage in the abandoned mines may be an option when it is combined with coalmine methane extraction or ECBM production in neighbouring areas.
Using network theory to identify the causes of disease outbreaks of unknown origin (2013)

The identification of undiagnosed disease outbreaks is critical for mobilizing efforts to prevent widespread transmission of novel virulent pathogens. Recent developments in online surveillance systems allow for the rapid communication of the earliest reports of emerging infectious diseases and tracking of their spread. The efficacy of these programs, however, is inhibited by the anecdotal nature of informal reporting and uncertainty of pathogen identity in the early stages of emergence. We developed theory to connect disease outbreaks of known aetiology in a network using an array of properties including symptoms, seasonality and case-fatality ratio. We tested the method with 125 reports of outbreaks of 10 known infectious diseases causing encephalitis in South Asia, and showed that different diseases frequently form distinct clusters within the networks. The approach correctly identified unknown disease outbreaks with an average sensitivity of 76 per cent and specificity of 88 per cent. Outbreaks of some diseases, such as Nipah virus encephalitis, were well identified (sensitivity = 100%, positive predictive values = 80%), whereas others (e.g. Chandipura encephalitis) were more difficult to distinguish. These results suggest that unknown outbreaks in resource-poor settings could be evaluated in real time, potentially leading to more rapid responses and reducing the risk of an outbreak becoming a pandemic.
Electron tunnel sensors (1992)

We have used the extreme sensitivity of electron tunneling to variations in electrode separation to construct a novel, compact displacement transducer. Electrostatic forces are used to control the separation between the tunneling electrodes, thereby eliminating the need for piezoelectric actuators. The entire structure is composed of micromachined silicon single crystals. Applications of the tunneling displacement transducer to the measurement of acceleration and infrared signals are discussed. Measurements of acceleration and infrared sensitivity are reported.
Development of intelligent cylinder : 2nd report; Adaptive control using intelligent pneumatic cylinder (2004)

We developed an intelligent pneumatic cylinder that realizes positioning servo control using a built-in reflective optical encoder. The developed cylinder is 133mm long, the cylinder's stroke is 40mm, and positioning resolution is 338*m. In this report, we report a new adaptive control algorithm for this cylinder. This algorithm is based on a way that controls switching timing of valve to minimize overshoot of cylinder rod. We compared the adaptive control with servo control from the view point of positioning and convergence speed. We realized high speed positioning control and convergence in any positions, which is difficult for conventional pneumatic cylinders.
Challenges and Limitations in the Studies of Glycoproteins: A Computational Chemist’s Perspective (2021)

Experimenters face challenges and limitations while analyzing glycoproteins due to their high flexibility, stereochemistry, anisotropic effects, and hydration phenomena. Computational studies complement experiments and have been used in characterization of the structural properties of glycoproteins. However, recent investigations revealed that computational studies face significant challenges as well. Here, we introduce and discuss some of these challenges and weaknesses in the investigations of glycoproteins. We also present requirements of future developments in computational biochemistry and computational biology areas that could be necessary for providing more accurate structural property analyses of glycopro-teins using computational tools. Further theoretical strategies that need to be and can be developed are discussed herein.
Towards AR‐assisted visualisation and guidance for imaging of dental decay (2019)

Untreated dental decay is the most prevalent dental problem in the world, affecting up to 2.4 billion people and leading to a significant economic and social burden. Early detection can greatly mitigate irreversible effects of dental decay, avoiding the need for expensive restorative treatment that forever disrupts the enamel protective layer of teeth. However, two key challenges exist that make early decay management difficult: unreliable detection and lack of quantitative monitoring during treatment. New optically based imaging through the enamel provides the dentist a safe means to detect, locate, and monitor the healing process. This work explores the use of an augmented reality (AR) headset to improve the workflow of early decay therapy and monitoring. The proposed workflow includes two novel AR-enabled features: (i) in situ visualisation of pre-operative optically based dental images and (ii) augmented guidance for repetitive imaging during therapy monitoring. The workflow is designed to minimise distraction, mitigate hand-eye coordination problems, and help guide monitoring of early decay during therapy in both clinical and mobile environments. The results from quantitative evaluations as well as a formative qualitative user study uncover the potentials of the proposed system and indicate that AR can serve as a promising tool in tooth decay management.
Evidence of energy-level quantization in YBa2Cu3O7-x phase-slip nanowires (2019)

Superconducting nanowires are considered to be promising for the development of novel devices operating on quantum principles. We fabricated ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7-x nanowires with phase-slip dynamics and studied the switching-current statistics at temperatures below 20 K. We analyze our experimental data using theoretical models developed for the underdamped Josephson junction and find that they provide strong evidence of the energy-level quantization in these nanowires. The estimated crossover temperature between the thermal activation and the macroscopic quantum tunneling regimes is 12-13 K and the lifetime in the excited state exceeds 20 msec at T = 5.4 K, which is at least one order of magnitude superior to those parameters for the conventional tunnel Josephson junctions from low-temperature superconductors. Additionally, we demonstrate phase-slip and quantum mechanisms for single-photon detection by the phase-slip nanowire. Our findings pave the way for a new class of superconducting nanowire devices that can be used for quantum sensing and computing.
Development of Simulation Model of Thermal Power Plant and its Validation of Output Power Change Against Frequency Change (2005)

A simple model of output power of a thermal power plant for demand and frequency change has been developed. The model is evaluated comparing with the actual plant output data in order to demonstrate that the model covers plant dynamics over wide range normal operation. To minimize the variance of the error of output power between model output and actual data, the speed governing effects was proven to be much smaller than its design value.
[Heterocyclic compounds containing a 4-aminophenylalkanoic acid group with potential antiinflammatory activity. II. 2-Substituted morpholine derivatives]. (1981)

Derivatives of 4-aminophenylalkanoic acids where the amino groups is part of a 3-morpholinone or a 2-morpholine ring, substituted in position 2 with a methyl, phenyl, 2-thienyl or (2-cyclohexyl)phenoxymethyl residue are described. Pharmacological evaluation aimed at evidencing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity gave no noteworthy results.
Phase shift method for radial magnetic force analysis in induction motors with non-skewed asymmetrical rotor slots (2009)

Skewing which is commonly used in smaller sized induction motors for the reduction of magnetic noise causes higher cross currents in the rotor bars. This leads to a substantial increase of stray losses in the skewed rotor. Reduction of these losses can be achieved by eliminating skew, but at the cost of increased noise level and torque ripple in the motor. A design change is proposed and studied in this paper to minimize the increased noise level by introducing asymmetrical rotor slots. A simpler method of analysis using numerical calculations for the radial air gap forces is proposed and the vibration behavior of the motor is explained. The method is based on phase shift analysis of radial force waves in the air gap of the machine computed at certain equidistant points in the air gap with respect to the rotation of the rotor. Phase information obtained from the Fourier analysis is analyzed to identify and separate the order of the radial force waves i.e., the various modes of vibration. The final results showed improved force spectrum for the newly proposed asymmetrical rotor designs from which better performance of the newly proposed rotors is predicted. This method of analysis is compared with the previously obtained results from the noise measured on a standard motor and the results show a reasonable reliability of the proposed method to predict the noise level in the machine.
A Bag-Of-Features Approach Based On Hue-Sift Descriptor For Nude Detection (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
A novel technique for design of low distortion FIR filters (2002)

A technique based on additive cancellation of opposite phase ripples to obtain a flat frequency response in the pass and stop bands is described. O. Herrmann's formulation (1970) using the Newton-Raphson iterative technique is used to arrive at the design of additively inverse filters which when added together yield a highly flat frequency response filter. Although only low-pass filters were used, the results are applicable to the design of other finite-impulse-response filters
An efficient new method for electrospinning chitosan and heparin for the preparation of pro‐angiogenic nanofibrous membranes for wound healing applications (2022)

Abstract Chronic skin wounds and surgical sutures need critical care and fast recovery, robust connection of blood vessels and effective restoration of circulation is necessary in progressive wound healing. Heparin is well known for its' anticoagulant properties, VEGF activation and antithrombosis action. Chitosan aid in the development of the vascular grafts due to its ECM like properties of blood vessels. For electrospinning of Heparin negatively charged and low molecular weight positively charges chitosan, the homogenous solution is required, they precipitate out during mixing due to opposite charges. In the current study, a an efficient strategy is developed for the electrospinning of chitosan and heparin in the presence of lysozyme. The insolubility/non‐homogenous solution formation for electrospinning from charged chitosan and heparin fast acting was solved by using a small amount of N ‐cetyl‐ N , N , N ‐trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and the resulting solution produced very smooth nanofibers. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was found to be a suitable polymer for the electrospinning of chitosan and heparin using organic and inorganic solvents. Surface morphology of the synthesized fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the presence of functional groups was investigated by FTIR. Degradation studies were performed which revealed that lysozyme loaded materials were degraded much faster as compared to other materials. The angiogenic and biocompatible potential of heparin with 1 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml lysozyme concentration was demonstrated by chorionic allantoic membrane (CAM) assay and it was estimated that 1 mg/ml (lysozyme) loaded CS/HA material was found to be an efficient biomaterial to stimulate angiogenesis.
Using Computer Cognitive Atlas to Improve Students' Divergent Thinking Ability (2021)

Human society has entered the era of intelligence. Social development in the era of intelligence has spawned a large number of intelligent applications. Intelligent applications have put forward unprecedented requirements on the level of cognitive intelligence of machines, and the realization of machine cognitive intelligence depends on knowledge map technology. Divergent thinking is an important part of thinking and an important indicator for measuring innovative thinking. The research in this article found that after the experiment, the associated probabilities of the F values of fluency, flexibility, uniqueness, semantic divergence, graphical divergence, and problem divergence were 0.389, 0.442, 0.594, 0.267, 0.319, and 0.478, which were all greater than the significance level of 0.05, That is, the divergent thinking ability of the experimental group has been significantly improved. The results of this study show that the use of computer cognitive maps can improve students' divergent thinking ability.