gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Profit Potential of a Microeconomic Process: An Information Theoretic/Thermodynamic Approach (2007)

It would be of great benefit if management could predict the huge profit benefit that would result from modest investments in process improvement initiatives such as Lean, Six Sigma and Complexity reduction. While the application of these initiatives was initially restricted to manufacturing, they have been expanded to product development, marketing, and indeed all microeconomic processes... This paper derives an equation that, subject to further testing, appears to make such a profit prediction possible allowing a rational investment in microeconomic process improvement. \nThat the profit of a company is greatly increased by the reduction of internal waste was originally demonstrated by Henry Ford, but has been greatly extended by Toyota. All waste in a process results in longer lead times from the injection of work into the process until its delivery to the customer or user. Thus the increase in profit is principally driven by the reduction of lead time. The lead time of any process is governed by Little’s Law. \nThe central result of this paper is that the reduction of Little’s Law leads to an equation for the reduction of process Entropy in analogy to thermodynamic waste in a heat engine. Case studies are used to estimate the magnitude of Boltzmann’s Constant for Microeconomic processes. The resulting Equation of Profit allows the prediction of the amount of waste cost elimination based on explicit Lean, Six Sigma and Complexity reduction parameters.
Flight Hydrogen Sensor for Use in the ISS Oxygen Generation Assembly (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper provides a description of the hydrogen sensor Orbital Replacement Unit (ORU) used on the Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA), to be operated on the International Space Station (ISS). Makel Engineering, Inc. (MEI) is providing the hydrogen sensor ORU to monitor the oxygen outlet for the presence of hydrogen. The hydrogen sensor ORU is a triple redundant design where each sensor converts raw measurements to actual hydrogen partial pressure that is reported to the OGA system controller. The signal outputs are utilized for system shutdown in the event that the hydrogen concentration in the oxygen outlet line exceeds the specified shutdown limit. Improvements have been made to the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based sensing element, screening, and calibration process to meet OGA operating requirements. Two flight hydrogen sensor ORUs have successfully completed the acceptance test phase. This paper also describes the sensor’s performance during acceptance testing, additional tests planned to extend the operational performance calibration cycle, and integration with the OGA system.&lt;/div&gt;
Oxidation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) by Ozone and Combined Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide (1994)

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the reaction of ozone and combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide on oxygenated additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in dilute aqueous solution using controlled experimental conditions. Experiments conducted in a semi-continuous reactor with MTBE and ETBE in combination (initial concentration: 2 mmol/L of each) showed that ETBE was better eliminated than MTBE with both ozone and combined O3/H2O2. Batch experiments led to the determination of the ratio of the kinetic constants for the reaction of OH°-radical with MTBE and ETBE [kOH°/ETBE/kOH°/MTBE = 1.7). Tert-butyl formate and tert-butyl acetate were identified as the ozonation byproducts of MTBE and ETBE, respectively, while tert-butyl alcohol was found to be produced during the ozonation of both compounds.
Importance Sampling with Floyd-Steinberg Halftoning (2009)

This paper proposes a deterministic importance sampling algorithm for complex integrands. The idea is based on the recognition that halftoning algorithms are equivalent to importance sampling if the gray-scale image and a resulting white pixel are considered as the target importance function and the sampling position, respectively. We adopt the Floyd-Steinberg halftoning algorithm, extend it to higher dimensions, and rephrase it as a sampling method. As the Floyd-Steinberg halftoning places a sample also considering where other samples are located, our sampling algorithm distributes samples in a stratified way. In order to demonstrate the power of the method, we present an environment mapping application where the sampling mimics the product of the cosine weighted BRDF, environment radiance, and the environment visibility.
An efficient micromobility implementation for 802.1X WLANs (2005)

We analyze the implications of the integration of the current IP micromobility concepts with the 802.1X access control. We show that the independent user location tracking of IP micromobility and 802.1X provokes a significant additional handover delay and signaling load degrading the overall performance. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a system architecture which uses EAP as a general signaling protocol. We then discuss the new opportunities of our approach. Finally, we show that our system architecture can be applied in almost all access networks by exploiting the generality of the 802.1X approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazolo(1,5‐a)indole Derivatives. Part 1. Intramolecular Cycloaddition of 2‐Allylphenylhydrazones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFONE REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. VI. SULFONYL‐ AND SILYL‐SUBSTITUTED HYDROCARBONS AS VERSATILE CARBANION PRECURSORS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (1985)

Abstract Die Reduktion von Trimethylsilylethinyl‐phenyl‐sulfon (I) mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid (DIBAH) führt zum E‐Trimethylsilylvinylsulfon (II), während durch Behandlung mit Bis‐( 1,S‐cyclooctadien)‐nickel(0) und Eisessig die entsprechende Z‐Verbindung (III) erhalten wird.
WHAT SHOULD THE SURGEON AIM FOR WHEN PERFORMING COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY? (2005)

Van Damme, Geert MD; Defoort, Koen MD; Ducoulombier, Yves MD; Van Glabbeek, Francis MD, PHD; Bellemans, Johan MD, PHD; Victor, Jan MD Author Information
The Prevalence and Species Composition of Malassezia yeasts in Patients with Clinically Suspected Onychomycosis (2015)

No significant differences were found in the distribution of Malassezia species isolated according to demographic parameters.
Visualization of temperature-induced structural rearrangements in oriented amorphous polymers (2006)

Thermally stimulated shrinkage of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(vinyl chloride) oriented above their glass transition temperatures over a broad range of strain rates was studied by direct microscopic examination. The principle of revealing structural rearrangements is as follows. Before annealing, an oriented sample is coated with a thin (a few nanometers) metal layer. Subsequent annealing, which entails a change in the geometric dimensions of a polymer, leads to the appearance of a surface relief in the coating. The direct microscopic examination of the microrelief provides information on structural rearrangements in the polymer substrate. It was shown that identical microreliefs were formed in PVC independently of its preliminary stretching. For PET, it was found that the self-extension process in the direction of the draw axis was effected along with contraction during annealing. The superimposition of these processes is imaged as relief with two perpendicular folded structures. The obtained results give direct information on stress fields responsible for processes that occur in oriented polymers during their annealing; such information is difficult or even impossible to gain by any other means.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte proviral DNA predicts neurocognitive impairment in clade C HIV (2020)

It is not known if proviral DNA in the periphery corresponds to cognitive status in clade C as it does in clade B and recombinant forms. A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants investigated for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment in South Africa. HIV-1 proviral DNA was quantified using a PCR assay targeting a highly conserved HIV-1 LTR-gag region. Fifty-four (36.7%) participants were cognitively impaired and 93 (63.3%) were not impaired. Forty-three (79.6%) of the cognitively impaired participants were female and 11 (20.4%) were male. There was no significant age difference between cognitively impaired and unimpaired participants (p = 0.42). HIV-1 DNA in cognitively impaired PLWH was significantly higher than in cognitively normal individuals (p = .016). Considering impaired participants, lymphocyte HIV-1 DNA was significantly higher in males than females (p = 0.02). There was a modest positive correlation between lymphocyte HIV-1 DNA and global deficit scores (GDS) r = 0.176; p = 0.03). The two measures of viral load, lymphocyte HIV-1 DNA copies/million and plasma RNA copies/ml, were positively correlated (r = 0.39; p < .001). After adjusting for other covariates, age, sex, treatment status, and the interactions between impairment and treatment, the multivariate regression showed association between proviral load and neurocognitive impairment; omega effect size was 0.04, p value = 0.010. The burden of HIV-1 peripheral blood lymphocyte proviral DNA corresponds to neurocognitive impairment among individuals infected with clade C disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to reduce the HIV-1 proviral DNA reservoir in lymphocytes may improve neurocognitive outcomes in PLWH.
Impact of Donor Age on Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Outcomes in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) provides cure for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, disease relapse remains a major concern. Based on recent data suggesting that younger donor age confers the greatest benefit for alloHCT with matched unrelated donors (MUDs), we attempted to answer a practical question: which donor type provides the best outcomes when an older patient with AML has a matched sibling donor (MSD, also older) versus the best MUD? This retrospective cohort registry study accessed data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) in patients with AML age ≥ 50 years undergoing alloHCT from older MSDs (age ≥ 50 years) or younger MUDs (age ≤ 35 years) between 2011 and 2018. The study included common allograft types, conditioning regimens, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The primary outcome was relapse risk. Secondary outcomes included nonrelapse mortality (NRM), GVHD, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival. Among 4684 eligible patients, 1736 underwent alloHCT with an older MSD (median donor age, 60 years), and 2948 underwent alloHCT from a younger MUD (median donor age, 25 years). In multivariable analysis, compared to older MSDs, the use of younger MUDs conferred a decreased relapse risk (hazard ratio [HR], .86; P = .005) and a significantly lower adjusted 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (35% versus 41%; P = .003), but was associated with an increased risk for chronic GVHD (HR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.29; P = .0002) and greater NRM only in the earlier period of 2011 to 2015 (HR, 1.24; P = .016). The corresponding NRM rates were significantly lower in the more recent period of 2016 to 2018 (HR, .78; P = .017). The adjusted 5-year DFS probability was 44% (95% CI, 42% to 46%) with an alloHCT from younger MUDs compared to 41% (95% CI, 38% to 43%) with older MSDs (P = .04). In summary, for older patients with AML undergoing alloHCT, the use of younger MUDs is associated with decreased relapse risk and improved DFS compared with the use of older MSDs.
Effect of Various Sugar Additives on Characteristics and Sensory (2015)

The effect of various sugar additives on physico-chemical characteristics and sensory qualities of pineapple wine was investigated. For the wine fermentation, pineapple juices containing different sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and corn syrup) were used. The results showed that the fermentation characteristics of the pineapple juice depended on the sugar additives. In the case of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and corn syrup additions, the fermentations were extended to 5-15 days compared to the control sample (2 days). The glucose added to wine fermentation showed the highest alcohol concentration (12.8%). When the residual sugars were measured after the fermentations, fructose was observed as a major residual sugar in all fermentations. Particularly, the highest concentration of citric acid (0.335 mg/mL) and malic acid (0.127 mg/mL) was monitored in sucrose added to wine fermentation. Average concentrations of the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging concentration) in the pineapple wines were 950 and 4,900 mg/L, respectively. The sensory analysis of the wines showed that the additions of the different sugars produced different preferences in both the expert and layman examining groups.
Ranging Performance of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB Standard under FCC/CEPT Regulations (2012)

The IEEE 802.15.4a standard for wireless sensor networks is designed for high‐accuracy ranging using ultra‐wideband (UWB) signals. It supports coherent and noncoherent (energy detector) receivers, thus the performance‐complexity‐tradeoff can be decided by the implementer. In this paper, the maximum operating range and the maximum allowed pathloss are analyzed for ranging and both receiver types, under FCC/CEPT regulations. The analysis is based on the receiver working points and a link budget calculation assuming a frees‐pace pathloss model. It takes into consideration the parameters of the preamble, which influence the transmit power allowed by the regulators. The best performance is achieved with the code sequences having the longest pulse spacing. Coherent receivers can achieve a maximum operating range up to several thousand meters and energy detectors up to several hundred meters.
Cell surface components and growth regulation in cultivated arterial smooth muscle cells (1983)

The surface of rat arterial smooth muscle cells was characterized with respect to some of its chemical and functional properties. The effects of selective enzymic degradations (hyaluronidase, chondroitinases, heparitinase or neuraminidase) on [35S]sulphate-prelabelled cells and on binding sites for cationized ferritin (CF) were examined to assess the presence and relative importance of individual species of macromolecules on the cell surface. The results indicate that about half of the strongly anionic sites on the cell surface (binding CF at pH 2.0) could be ascribed to sulphate groups of glycosaminoglycans and about half to carboxyl groups of sialic acid residues in glycoproteins and/or glycolipids. Weaker anionic sites (binding CF at pH 7.0) largely originated from carboxyl groups of glycosaminoglycans. Chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate were the main glycosaminoglycans. The surface of cells from young animals showed a higher glycosaminoglycan and a lower sialic acid content than that of cells from adult animals. Continuous treatment of the cultures with neuraminidase stimulated serum-induced initiation of DNA synthesis, while treatment with hyaluronidase or heparitinase inhibited it. Addition of hyaluronic acid, heparin or heparan sulphate to the culture medium inhibited initiation of DNA synthesis as well as cell proliferation. The effect was more marked in cultures of cells from young animals than from adults, although the latter cells were found to grow at a higher rate and to higher densities. These results suggest a role for cell-surface and pericellular glycoconjugates in growth regulation. A possible mechanism of action is that these molecules, due to their anionic charge or by steric exclusion, interfere with the binding of platelet-derived growth factor, a highly cationic polypeptide, to its cell-surface receptor.
Étude, dans divers complexes du rhodium (I), du mode de coordination des ligands tris(pyrazolyl)borate substitués : réactivité vis à vis des liaisons NH et CCL du complexe [TpMe²,⁴CLRh(CO)₂] (1999)

Ce travail est tourne vers la mise en place de complexes du rhodium possedant une densite electronique elevee sur le centre metallique dans le but d'activer des liaisons chimiques de forte energie et si possible de les fonctionnaliser. Apres avoir examine de facon approfondie les publications les plus recentes qui traitent du mecanisme intime de l'activation c-h d'un alcane par des complexes de type tprh(co) 2, nous decrivons la synthese, la structure et le comportement dynamique en solution des especes monosubstituees tp m e 2rh(co)(pr 3) et tp m e 2 , 4 c lrh(co)(pr 3). Dans une troisieme partie, nous montrons que l'addition supplementaire de phosphine conduit a des complexes ou le ligand tpme2,4cl n'est donneur que de deux electrons et qui ont pour formule generale 1-tp m e 2 , 4 c lrh(co)(pr 3) 2. L'introduction d'une diphosphine donne des complexes de type tprh(co)(diphos) ou un seul atome de phosphore est coordonne ; ceux-ci perdent lentement du co pour donner les especes rh(diphos) 2 +tp dans lesquelles le ligand tp ne possede plus qu'une faible interaction avec le centre rhodium. Nous avons etudie la reactivite de la liaison c-h vis a vis des complexes tprh(co)(pr 3). Plusieurs complexes resultants de l'orthometallation d'un groupement phenyle ont pu etre isoles et caracterises. Cependant, la fonctionalisation du pentane par du monoxyde de carbone sous irradiation s'avere extremement complexe. En revanche, nous sommes parvenus a provoquer l'activation de la liaison n-h d'une amine et de la liaison c-cl du chloroforme et a isoler et caracteriser les complexes obtenus. L'action combine de ces deux reactifs conduit suivant l'ordre d'introduction des reactifs, a un metallaazacyclobutane ou a un carbene.
A quasi-barrier technique to improve performance of an irregular application (2002)

A technique to improve performance on distributed memory machines of irregularly structured Grobner basis computations is developed. In parallel Grobner basis computation, at every step many tasks are executed in parallel by relating the dependencies present in sequential computation. In this relaxation approach, the idle time spent by processors at k/sup th/ step can be reduced by synchronizing p processors when r out of NT/sub k/(r/spl les/NT/sub k//spl les/p) tasks (instead of NT/sub k/) are complete. The analysis presented in this paper shows that, in theory, the improvement in speedup can be as much as lnp when the task distribution is close to exponential. In 70-75% of the experiments carried on IBM SP2 and Intel Paragon, this quasi-barrier technique improved speedup.
Air embolism: possible role of surfactant on recompression (1982)

The relationship between surface tension and surface area has been measured on each of three common pulmonary surfactants - dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphyngomyelin-under simultaneously simulated physiological conditions. These are selected to simulate the state of any surfactant that has migrated onto the surface of venous bubbles filtered by the pulmonary vasculature. It is concluded that, in the absence of shunt vessels, only DPL could reduce surface tension enough to allow pulmonary gas emboli to escape into arterial blood and then only after compression. This finding is discussed in relation to the delay in any appearance of bubbles in arterial blood and the possible facilitation of the release of asymptomatic lung bubbles by recompression therapy. The suggestion is made to reconsider stopping recompression of a subject with peripheral decompression sickness (the bends) at the depth of relief rather than risk releasing pulmonary gas emboli by further recompression. It is also demonstrated how the introduction of 1-min stops into compression can avoid surface tension falling to the low values at which it is theoretically possible for venous bubbles to escape into arterial blood during pulmonary hypertension.
Use of construction machines and the associated NOx and CO₂ emissions (2018)

Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) is the collective term used to refer to all machines with a combustion engine that do not come under the categories of road vehicles, sea-going vessels or aircraft. This group also includes diesel trains, inland vessels, generators and construction machines. Mobile machines (NRMM excluding ships, trains and aircraft) are responsible for a substantial proportion of the NOâ air-quality problems. Estimates based on emission standards in the official laboratory test, as laid down in emissions legislation, and a generic distribution across the Netherlands indicate that around 10% of the NOâ concentration in problem areas can be attributed to mobile machines. At present little is known about the emissions generated by and the use of construction machines in practice. It is therefore not known whether the emissions resulting from the normal operation of such machines in practice are adequately covered by the legislation requirements for these machines. There are no legal limits for real-world emissions of these machines. From the new Stage V legislation real-world emissions have to be monitored.
Neurologic Aspects of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1995)

Neurologic disorders associated with IBD are more common than appreciated and follow a different pattern of involvement in UC and CD. A prospective study is required to define the nature of this association.
Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID-19 (2020)

Current results do not provide conclusive evidence on the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 alone or in combination with other factors. To address this limitation, in this study we used a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data worldwide during October 2-30, 2020 (1,233 individuals) in a structured way for analyzing factors and characteristics of affected individuals in relation to BCG vaccination. For the first time, the results of our study suggested that vaccination with BCG may increase the risk for COVID-19 at certain age, particularly in individuals vaccinated at childhood. A reasonable explanation for this effect is the activation of certain innate immunity mechanisms associated with inflammatory reactions, which should be considered when analyzing the risks associated with this global pandemic. These factors should be considered when analyzing the risks associated with this global pandemic.