gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTION OF ACETONE ON MESOPOROUS CHROMIUM SILICATE (2006)

Cr -containing mesoporous silicates ( Cr -FSM-16) were prepared and characterized by several spectroscopic analyses. Their photocatalytic reactivity for acetone under UV- and visible-light irradiations has been investigated and the effect of adsorption on the reactivity was discussed. XPS spectra showed the Cr -oxide moieties were in the mesoporous framework of FSM-16. The UV-VIS spectra of the Cr -FSM-16 exhibited three distinct absorption bands, which could be assigned to charge transfer from O 2- to Cr 6+ of the tetrahedrally coordinated moieties. In particular, the band at 460 nm was assigned to the symmetry-forbidden nature of the 1 A 1 → 1 T 1 transition of tetrahedral Cr -oxide. The absorption showed Cr -FSM-16 has the photocatalytic reactivity under visible light irradiation. Acetone was adsorbed strongly on Cr -FSM-16, and then adsorbed acetone was decomposed to CO 2 and H 2 O on Cr -FSM-16 under visible light irradiation. But the amount of CO 2 produced was much less than the stoichiometric amount of CO 2 calculated from adsorbed acetone. This may be due to adsorption of acetone, and/or CO 2 on Cr -FSM-16.
Do potatoes and tomatoes have a single evolutionary history, and what proportion of the genome supports this history? (2009)

This study confirms and quantifies the utility of using DNA sequences from different parts of the genome in phylogenetic studies to avoid possible bias in the sampling. It shows that 11-18 loci are enough to get the dominant history in this group of Solanum, but more loci would be needed to discern the distribution of gene genealogies in more depth, and thus detect which mechanism most likely shaped the discordance.
The use of natural products to target cancer stem cells. (2017)

The cancer stem cell hypothesis has been used to explain many cancer complications resulting in poor patient outcomes including induced drug resistance, metastases to distant organs, and tumor recurrence. While the validity of the cancer stem cell model continues to be the cause of much scientific debate, a number of putative cancer stem cell markers have been identified making studies concerning the targeting of cancer stem cells possible. In this review, a number of identifying properties of cancer stem cells have been outlined including properties contributing to the drug resistance and metastatic potential commonly observed in supposed cancer stem cells. Due to cancer stem cells' numerous survival mechanisms, the diversity of cancer stem cell markers between cancer types and tissues, and the prevalence of cancer stem cell markers among healthy stem and somatic cells, it is likely that currently utilized treatments will continue to fail to eradicate cancer stem cells. The successful treatment of cancer stem cells will rely upon the development of anti-neoplastic drugs capable of influencing many cellular mechanisms simultaneously in order to prevent the survival of this evasive subpopulation. Natural compounds represent a historically rich source of novel, biologically active compounds which are able to interact with a large number of cellular targets while limiting the painful side-effects commonly associated with cancer treatment. A brief review of select natural products that have been demonstrated to diminish the clinically devastating properties of cancer stem cells or to induce cancer stem cell death is also presented.
Surface guided imaging during stereotactic radiosurgery with automated delivery (2020)

Surface image guidance is a viable alternative to scheduled mid-treatment imaging for monitoring intrafraction motion during stereotactic radiosurgery with automated delivery.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting the IKKβ/mTOR/VEGF Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Obesity-Related Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 52K, Higher levels of circulating TNFα and VEGF in obese mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Pulmonary sarcoidosis (2017)

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that affects the lungs in over 90% of individuals. With an incidence of ~10–64/100,000 people in the United States and Europe, pulmonary sarcoidosis is one of the most common causes of interstitial lung disease (1). Systemic sarcoidosis is characterized by tremendous heterogeneity in disease manifestations, with variable extra-pulmonary involvement and a clinical course and healthcare burden that vary widely. The diagnosis can be challenging and with uncommon exceptions, requires a confirmatory biopsy and exclusion of competing diagnoses. Pulmonary sarcoidosis may manifest with intra-thoracic lymphadenopathy, pulmonary nodules, infiltrates and/or masses that vary in distribution. Pulmonary hypertension and advanced fibrocystic disease can result in respiratory insufficiency and death. Systemic manifestations such as cardiac, neurologic, abdominal, skin or ocular involvement may dominate the clinical picture and drive treatment approaches (discussed in Chapter 16). We review the scientific basis of sarcoidosis and consensus approaches to manage pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Assembly, Verification, and Initial Annotation of the NIA Mouse 7.4K cDNA Clone Set (2002)

A set of 7407 cDNA clones (NIA mouse 7.4K) was assembled from >20 cDNA libraries constructed mainly from early mouse embryos, including several stem cell libraries. The clone set was assembled from embryonic and newborn organ libraries consisting of ~120,000 cDNA clones, which were initially re-arrayed into a set of ~11,000 unique cDNA clones. A set of tubes was constructed from the racks in this set to prevent contamination and potential mishandling errors in all further re-arrays. Sequences from this set (11K) were analyzed further for quality and clone identity, and high-quality clones with verified identity were re-arrayed into the final set (7.4K). The set is freely available, and a corresponding database was built to provide comprehensive annotation for those clones with known identity or homology, and has been made available through an extensive Web site that includes many link-outs to external databases and analysis servers.
Supplementary Figure 5 from GM-CSF Mediates Mesenchymal–Epithelial Cross-talk in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5. Representative Western blot demonstrating the expression of GM-CSF receptors CSF2RÎ± and CSF2RÎ² in primary human pancreatic cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
REVIEW: MEMS and Its Applications for Flow Control (1996)

Emerging micromachining technology enables us to fabricate mechanical parts on the order of micron size. It provides us with micro-sensors and micro-actuators which facilitate the exploration of all areas of science. Furthermore, these miniature transducers can be integrated with microelectronics. With an integrated system, it then becomes possible to complete the loop of sensing, information processing, and actuation. This type of system enables us to perform real-time control of time varying events which are common in fluid dynamics. In this review paper, we will first briefly introduce Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) technology. Then, the applications of MEMS to flow control will be discussed.
Effect of exercise on metabolic syndrome in black women by family history and predicted risk of breast cancer: The FIERCE Study (2018)

Short-term aerobic activity regimens may improve the metabolic profile and thereby reduce breast cancer risk in obese, metabolically unhealthy black women at high risk for cancer. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Functional analysis of a novel hydrogen peroxide resistance gene in Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (2016)

Lactic acid bacteria have a variety of mechanisms for tolerance to oxygen and reactive oxygen species, and these mechanisms differ among species. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota grows well under aerobic conditions, indicating that the various systems involved in oxidative stress resistance function in this strain. To elucidate the mechanism of oxidative stress resistance in L. casei strain Shirota, we examined the transcriptome response to oxygen or hydrogen peroxide exposure. We then focused on an uncharacterized gene that was found to be up-regulated by both oxygen and hydrogen peroxide stress; we named the gene hprA1 (hydrogen peroxide resistance gene). This gene is widely distributed among lactobacilli. We investigated the involvement of this gene in oxidative stress resistance, as well as the mechanism of tolerance to hydrogen peroxide. Growth of L. casei MS105, an hprA1-disrupted mutant, was not affected by oxygen stress, whereas the survival rate of MS105 after hydrogen peroxide treatment was markedly reduced compared to that of the wild-type. However, the activity of MS105 in eliminating hydrogen peroxide was similar to that of the wild-type. We cloned hprA1 from L. caseiShirota and purified recombinant HprA1 protein from Escherichia coli. We demonstrated that the recombinant HprA1 protein bound to iron and prevented the formation of a hydroxyl radical in vitro. Thus, HprA1 protein probably contributes to hydrogen peroxide tolerance in L. casei strain Shirota by binding to iron in the cells and preventing the formation of a hydroxyl radical.
Stereocontrol using Lewis acids in radical polymerization (2003)

Abstract The radical polymerization of various (meth)acrylamides in the presence of Lewis acids such as Yb(OTf) 3 and Y(OTf) 3 was carried out. The polymerization with Lewis acids led to highly isotactic polymers, while the polymers synthesized without Lewis acids were atactic or syndiotactic. The dependence of the polymer properties on the tacticity was also demonstrated.
Expression and identification of the RfbE protein from Vibrio cholerae O1 and its use for the enzymatic synthesis of GDP-D-perosamine (2001)

The 4-amino-6-deoxy-monosaccharide D-perosamine is an important element in the glycosylation of interesting cell products, such as antibiotics and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The biosynthetic pathway of the precursor molecule, GDP-D-perosamine, in Vibrio cholerae O1 starts with an isomerisation of fructose-6-phosphate catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphosphomannose pyrophosphorylase (RfbA; E.C. 2.7.7.22) creating the intermediate mannose-6-phosphate, which is subsequently converted by the phosphomanno-mutase (RfbB; E.C. 5.4.2.8) and further by RfbA to GDP-D-mannose, to GDP-4 keto-6-deoxymannose by a 4,6-dehydratase (RfbD; E.C. 4.2.1.47) and finally to GDP-D-perosamine by an aminotransferase (RfbE; E.C. not yet classified). We cloned the rfbD and the rfbE genes of V. cholerae O1 in Escherichia coli expression vectors. Both biosynthetic enzymes were overproduced in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and their activities were analyzed. The enzymatic conversion from GDP-D-mannose to GDP-D-perosamine was optimized and the final product, GDP-D-perosamine, was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and chromatography. The catalytically active form of the GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose-4-aminotransferase seems to be a tetramer of 170 kDa. The His-tag RfbE fusion protein has a Km of 0.06 mM and a Vmax value of 38 nkat/mg protein for the substrate GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose. The Km and Vmax values for the cosubstrate L-glutamate were 0.1 mM and 42 nkat/mg protein, respectively. The intention of this work is to establish a basis for both the in vitro production of GDP-D-perosamine and for an in vivo perosaminylation system in a suitable bacterial host, preferably E. coli.
A remote cooperation system supporting interoperability in heterogeneous environments (2002)

Federated database systems are heterogeneous with respect to data models and query languages but also with respect to underlying operating systems and hardware platforms. Besides transformations on the semantics level conversions on the data representation and communication protocol level have to be done. The authors present the Remote Cooperation System RCS which provides client/server communication procedures independent of hardware and operating system aspects. Thus, the configuration of a system may change without affecting the participating databases and application tools. The RCS allows for asynchronous service invocation, thus enabling the simultaneous querying of several databases by one application. Furthermore, it supports multi-tasking of server processes and the element-wise transfer of results. Monitoring tools allow the assessment of several choices in system configuration and access algorithms embodied in the application processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Real-Time Guidance Algorithm for Aerospace Plane Optimal Ascent to Low Earth Orbit (1989)

Problems of on-board trajectory optimization and synthesis of suitable guidance laws for ascent to low Earth orbit of an air-breathing, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle are addressed A multimode propulsion system is assumed which incorporates turbojet, ramjet, SCRAMJET, and rocket engines. An algorithm for generating fuel-optimal climb profiles is presentd. This algorithm results from application of the minimum principle to a low order dynamic model that includes angle of attack effects and the normal component of thrust Maximum dynamic pressure and maximum aerodynamic heating rate constraints are considered. Switching conditions are derived which, under appropriate assumptions, govern optimal transition from one propulsion mode to another. A nonlinear transformation technique is employed to derive a feedback controller for tracking the computed trajectory. Numerical results illustrate the nature of the resulting fuel-optimal climb paths.
Chemical pressure effects on structural, magnetic, and transport properties of Mn1−xCoxV2O4 (2011)

We present the low-temperature XRD, susceptibility, specific heat, and resistivity results on single crystal Mn${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Co${}_{x}$V${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$. With increasing Co doping, the chemical pressure related to the decreasing V-V distance drives the system toward the itinerant electron limit, accompanied with the increase of the ferrimagnetic transition temperature and the suppression of the structural distortion. These effects are compared to pressure effects, and show that the V-V distance is the critical parameter controlling the properties of AV${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$.
Importance of the Conserved Carboxyl-Terminal CNOT1 Binding Domain to Tristetraprolin Activity In Vivo (2019)

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an anti-inflammatory protein that modulates the stability of certain cytokine/chemokine mRNAs. After initial high-affinity binding to AU-rich elements in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs, mediated through its tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain, TTP promotes the deadenylation and ultimate decay of target transcripts. These transcripts and their encoded proteins accumulate abnormally in TTP knockout (KO) mice, leading to a severe inflammatory syndrome. To assess the importance of the highly conserved C-terminal CNOT1 binding domain (CNBD) of TTP to the TTP deficiency phenotype in mice, we created a mouse model in which TTP lacked its CNBD. CNBD deletion mice exhibited a less severe phenotype than the complete TTP KO mice. In macrophages, the stabilization of target transcripts seen in KO mice was partially normalized in the CNBD deletion mice. In cell-free experiments, recombinant TTP lacking its CNBD could still activate target mRNA deadenylation by purified recombinant <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> CCR4/NOT complexes, although to a lesser extent than full-length TTP. Thus, TTP lacking its CNBD can still act to promote target mRNA instability <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> These data have implications for TTP family members throughout the eukarya, since species from all four kingdoms contain proteins with linked TZF and CNOT1 binding domains.
Bioinformatic and experimental tools for identification of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes with a potential role for the development of the insulin resistance syndrome (2001)

In the search for genetic variations causing complex diseases like IRS in homogeneous populations (such as the Swedish one used here), important information can be obtained through bioinformatic searches of human genome databases and experimental verification.
Biobutanol: the outlook of an academic and industrialist (2013)

The gradual shift of transportation fuels from oil based fuels to alternative fuel resources and worldwide demand for energy has been the impetus for research to produce alcohol biofuels from renewable resources. Currently bioethanol and biodiesel can, however, not cover an increasing demand for biofuels. Hence, there is an extensive need for advanced biofuels with superior fuel properties. The present review is focused on the development of biobutanol, which is regarded to be superior to bioethanol in terms of energy density and hygroscopicity. Although acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is one of the oldest large-scale fermentation processes, butanol yield by anaerobic fermentation remains sub-optimal. For sustainable industrial scale butanol production, a number of obstacles need to be addressed including choice of feedstock, low product yield, product toxicity to production strain, multiple end-products and downstream processing of alcohol mixtures. Metabolic engineering provides a means for fermentation improvements. Different strategies are employed in the metabolic engineering of Clostridia that aim to enhance the solvent production, improve selectivity for butanol production, and increase the tolerance of Clostridia to solvents. The introduction and expression of a non-clostridial butanol producing pathway in E. coli is a most promising strategy for butanol biosynthesis. Several rigorous kinetic and physiological models for fermentation have been formulated, which form a useful tool for optimization of the process. Due to the lower butanol titers in the fermentation broth, simultaneous fermentation and product removal techniques have been developed to improve production economics. With the use of new strains, inexpensive substrates, and superior reactor designs, economic ABE fermentation may further attract the attention of researchers all over the world. The present review is attempting to provide an overall outlook on discoveries and strategies that are being developed for commercial n-butanol production.
NEID Reveals that The Young Warm Neptune TOI-2076 b Has a Low Obliquity (2022)

TOI-2076 b is a sub-Neptune-sized planet ($R= 2.39 \pm 0.10 {R_\oplus}$) that transits a young ($204 \pm 50 {MYr}$) bright ($V = 9.2$) K-dwarf hosting a system of three transiting planets. Using spectroscopic observations with the NEID spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope, we model the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of TOI-2076 b, and derive a sky-projected obliquity of $λ=-3_{-15}^{+16\:\circ}$. Using the size of the star ($R=0.775 \pm0.015 {R_\odot}$), and the stellar rotation period ($P_{\mathrm{rot}}=7.27\pm0.23$ days), we estimate an obliquity of $ψ=18_{-9}^{+10\:\circ}$ ($ψ&lt; 34^\circ$ at 95\% confidence), demonstrating that TOI-2076 b is on a well-aligned orbit. Simultaneous diffuser-assisted photometry from the 3.5 m Telescope at Apache Point Observatory rules out flares during the transit. TOI-2076 b joins a small but growing sample of young planets in compact multi-planet systems with well-aligned orbits, and is the fourth planet with an age $\lesssim 300$ Myr in a multi-transiting system with an obliquity measurement. The low obliquity of TOI-2076 b and the presence of transit timing variations in the system suggest the TOI-2076 system likely formed via convergent disk migration in an initially well-aligned disk.
Counting Plane Cubic Curves over Finite Fields with a Prescribed Number of Rational Intersection Points (2020)

For each integer $k \in [0,9]$, we count the number of plane cubic curves defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ that do not share a common component and intersect in exactly $k\ \mathbb{F}_q$-rational points. We set this up as a problem about a weight enumerator of a certain projective Reed-Muller code. The main inputs to the proof include counting pairs of cubic curves that do share a common component, counting configurations of points that fail to impose independent conditions on cubics, and a variation of the MacWilliams theorem from coding theory.
Preconception folate and vitamin B6 status and clinical spontaneous abortion in Chinese women (2002)

Suboptimal preconception folate and vitamin B(6) status, especially when they occur together, may increase the risk of clinical spontaneous abortion. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether antenatal B vitamin supplementation reduces spontaneous abortion risk.
Tuning the Annulation Reactivity of Vinyl Azides and Carbazates: A Divergent Synthesis of Aza-pyrimidinones and Imidazoles (2015)

A divergent cascade annulation has been developed using readily available vinyl azides and carbazates with a wide range of substituents. Vinyl azides were successfully applied as bifunctional partners to prepare aza-pyrimidinones via 6-ring closure with carbazates as well as to construct polyfunctionalized imidazoles via 5-ring closure with N-substituted carbazates. The aza-heterocycles were obtained with high levels of chemoselectivity and excellent yields.
Sodium Lidar Measurements of the Seasonal and Nocturnal Variations of the Gravity Wave Vertical Wavenumber Spectrum (1987)

A method for computing the gravity wave vertical wavenumber spectrum and rms wind velocity from the data obtained by a sodium lidar system is described. The spectral slope and rms wind velocity temporal and altitude variations are determined.
Factors controlling generation and propagation of pacemaker potentials in network models of mammalian SA node (1994)

Large-scale, biophysically detailed network models of the SA node and atrium are developed on the CM-5 parallel supercomputer. The models are used to investigate three factors controlling the site of generation and propagation of the cardiac pacemaker potential: a) magnitude of cell-to-cell gap junction coupling in the SA node; b) spatial variation of membrane current density in SA node; and c) interdigitation of SA node and atrial tissue.
Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery: Duplex Ultrasonographic Findings (2012)

Received June 9, 2011 Revised July 25, 2011 Accepted July 25, 2011 *Sang Won Han, MD Department of Neurology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-707, Korea Tel: +82-2-950-8864 Fax: +82-2-950-1955 E-mail: swhan@paik.ac.kr *This work was supported by the 2010 Inje University research grant. 내경동맥무형성 및 형성저하증(internal carotid artery, ICA, aplasia/hypoplasia)은 매우 드문 선천질환으로 전 인 구의 0.01% 미만에서 보고되고 있다. 대부분 임상증상을 유 발하지는 않으나, 뇌동맥류(cerebral aneurysm)가 동반되는 경우가 있으므로 정확한 검사 및 진단이 필요하다. 저자들은 경동맥이중초음파촬영술(carotid duplex ultrasonography)을 시행한 내경동맥형성저하증 환자 1예를 경험하였기에 소견을 보고하는 바이다.
A 39-GHz CMOS Bi-Directional Doherty Phased-Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD with Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base-Station (2022)

This work demonstrates a 39-GHz CMOS phased-array beamformer with the bi-directional Doherty PA-LNA. An inter-element mismatch compensation technique is introduced for improving the shared-LUT DPD performance over the PVT variations. By utilizing the proposed mismatch compensation, the measured 64-QAM OFDMA-mode EVM and ACLR with the shared-LUT DPD are improved from −22.4dB to −25.0dB and from −28.7dBc to −32.1dBc, respectively.
A Tribute to Prof. G. Karabatsos (2003)

Karabatsos' research contributions will be discussed under five general headings. The unifying thread which runs throughout these investigations is the brilliant application of modern physical methods, particularly NMR, spectroscopy, to the solution of organic chemical problems.