gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New herbicidal derivatives of 1,2,4‐triazolo [1,5‐a] pyrimidine (1990)

Abstract Two new structural classes of herbicide have been discovered which are based on the 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ring system. These compounds are related to the known herbicidal sulfonylureas and imidazolinones and other studies have shown that they have a similar mode of action, involving the inhibition of branched‐chain amino acid biosynthesis, the site of action being the enzyme acetolactate synthase. The design, synthesis and structure‐ activity relationships of these new classes of compounds are described.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fluxes from Finnish Agricultural Areas to the Baltic Sea (1995)

Nutrient losses from small drainage basins were compared to the nutrient fluxes in small coastal rivers in order to study the representativeness of the Finnish monitoring network of small basins, especially as regards agricultural loading to the Baltic Sea. Additionally flux estimates from the period 1986-1990 were compared to those of the period 1981-1985 in order detect possible trends. The results suggest that in coastal regions with high proportions of agricultural land and with low lake percentage, the nutrient losses from agricultural areas mostly enter coastal waters with negligible retention in river channels. The net effect of the various processes in the rivers is small because most of the nutrient losses occur in spring, fall or early winter in connection with high water flows and current velocities, short residence times of water and low intensities of biogeochemical processes. Nitrogen losses from agriculture has probably increased during the 1980s due to increased winter flows and increased use of nitrogen fertilizers. The results indicate that nitrogen loading of the southern and south-western coastal waters of Finland has increased as well.
A new electrostatic actuator providing improved stroke length and force (1992)

The electrostatic actuator considered consists of a silicon membrane bonded to a glass plate by anodic bonding. On the glass plate a circular gold electrode is made and a thin oxide layer is grown on the silicon membrane before bonding. A pressure is applied to the cavity between the membrane and the glass plate causing the membrane to deflect away from the electrode. When a voltage is applied between the gold electrode and the membrane, high electrostatic forces acting along the membrane periphery will pull the membrane into contact with the glass plate. Experimental results are presented demonstrating a stroke length of 18 mu m working against a pressure of 2200 Pa using a voltage of 41 V. The actuator performance has in addition been investigated by means of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, and a model relating the principal design parameters is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design and Implementation of a Centralized Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (2010)

Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics have promoted the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for a wide variety of applications. The size and power constraints of sensor nodes are the main concerns in the design of robust and efficient routing protocols. Consequently, various approaches, such as data-centric approach, hierarchical approach and location-based approach, are available. Each may be designed for a particular application with specific requirements. In this paper, we design and implement a data-centric routing protocol for WSNs, namely Centralized Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (CSPIN), which combines the advertise-request-transfer process and a routing distribution mechanism. Implementation of the protocol was completed with the Crossbow MicaZ hardware using nesC/TinyOS.
[Expression of mucin MUC1 and MUC2 in colorectal carcinoma and their clinical significance]. (2002)

The up-regulation of mucin MUC1 expression or down-regulation of mucin MUC2 expression may be involved in carcinogenesis and progression in colorectal carcinoma, and the detecting of mucin MUC1 and MUC2 may be predicting its prognosis in colorectal carcinoma.
Composition and Thermal Properties of Membrane Lipids in Cryptoendolithic Lichen Microbiota from Antarctica (1990)

In Antarctica there exists a cryptoendolithic microbiota which survives extremely low temperatures. Fatty acid analysis of the membrane phospholipids of this microbial community showed a predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Artificial membranes made from the purified community phospholipids remained fluid to below -20 degrees C and had unusual hydration properties.
Joint Deep Modeling of Users and Items Using Reviews for Recommendation (2017)

A large amount of information exists in reviews written by users. This source of information has been ignored by most of the current recommender systems while it can potentially alleviate the sparsity problem and improve the quality of recommendations. In this paper, we present a deep model to learn item properties and user behaviors jointly from review text. The proposed model, named Deep Cooperative Neural Networks (DeepCoNN), consists of two parallel neural networks coupled in the last layers. One of the networks focuses on learning user behaviors exploiting reviews written by the user, and the other one learns item properties from the reviews written for the item. A shared layer is introduced on the top to couple these two networks together. The shared layer enables latent factors learned for users and items to interact with each other in a manner similar to factorization machine techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that DeepCoNN significantly outperforms all baseline recommender systems on a variety of datasets.
Inhibin and premature ovarian failure (2009)

The identification of an autosomal mutation in the inhibin alpha subunit gene that is significantly linked to POF in certain ethnic populations highlights the role of inhibin in the regulation of ovarian biology and fertility. Although the reduction of inhibin B bioactivity by the INHA G769A mutation is clearly not the only cause, evidence suggests that this change may serve as a susceptibility factor, increasing the likelihood of POF.
Supersonic COIL with iodine injection in transonic and supersonic sections of the nozzle (2001)

We report on a detailed experimental study of the gain and temperature in the cavity of a supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser operating without primary buffer gas and on preliminary power measurements in this laser. In particular, a study is carried out to find optimal values of the flow parameters corresponding to the maximum gain. The measurements are performed for slit nozzles with different numbers and positions of iodine injection holes. Using a diode laser based diagnostic, the gain and temperature in the cavity are studied. Maximum gain of 0.73%/cm is obtained at chlorine and secondary nitrogen flow rates of 15 mmole/s and 7 mmole/s, respectively, for a slit nozzle with transonic injection of iodine. Preliminary power measurements are performed. For slit nozzle with iodine injection in the diverging part ofthe nozzle output power of 287 W with chemical efficiency of 21% was measured at 15.1 mmole/s of Cl2 with no primary buffer gas. This is the highest reported chemical efficiency of a supersonic COIL operating without primary buffer gas.
Convection‐enhanced High‐Flux Hemodialysis (2007)

Internal filtration contributes to convective clearance in high-flux hemodialysis but its contribution is limited by low pressure gradients. Therefore, a modification using a conventional dialyzer was conceived to enhance internal filtration and backfiltration (BF) rates. The modified dialyzer includes two longitudinal independent regions for blood flow, which were created by redesigning dialyzer caps. Blood pressures remained higher than dialysate pressures in one region and lower in the other region, allowing continuous internal filtration and BF in these respective regions. Modified and conventional dialyzers were compared in terms of pressure gradients and solute clearances. Thus, our experiments involved two groups: the modified dialyzer group and the conventional dialyzer group. A renal failure model was established using a dog weighing 25-30 kg by renal artery and vein ligation. With the exception of the dialyzers, experimental conditions were identical in the two groups. The pressure gradients between blood and dialysate were much higher for the modified dialyzer than for the conventional dialyzer. No significant differences were observed with respect to small solute clearances between the two groups, but mid-range solute clearances were significantly higher in the modified group. More optimization is required before the devised unit can be used clinically. However, the devised unit offers a straightforward means of regulating internal filtration and BF rates.
Application of an immune algorithm to multi-optimization problems (1998)

An immune system has powerful abilities such as memory, recognition, and learning to respond to invading antigens. The concept is expected to be applicable to many engineering applications. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm that imitates the immune system in order to solve multi-optimization problems partly by using a genetic algorithm. Through illustrative examples of multimodal functions such as the Shubert function, the proposed algorithm is shown to be effective in searching for a set of global solutions. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 122(2): 30–37, 1998
Hydrogenation of Bisphenol A-Type Epoxy Resin (BE186) over Vulcan XC72-Supported Rh and Rh–Pt Catalysts in Ethyl Acetate-Containing Water (2019)

This study demonstrates the hydrogenation of a bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (BE186) through solvent selection, development of a catalyst for aromatic ring hydrogenation, and control of epoxy loss. A functional greener solvent, water in ethyl acetate, was proposed based on solvatochromic parameters, high α and low β. RhOx present in Vulcan XC72-supported monometallic Rh and bimetallic Rh–Pt catalysts prepared by the polyol method acted as a promoter for hydrogenation. The hydrogenation pathway to control epoxy loss was proposed through changes of the reactant to the catalyst ratio and temperature. Though Rh–Pt catalysts were superior to Rh for aromatic ring hydrogenation, they led to higher epoxy loss owing to excessive C–O bond cleavage. Using Rh5/Vulcan XC72-polyol, 3 wt % water in ethyl acetate, and a reactant to catalyst ratio of 100:1, complete hydrogenation of BE186 with 3.4% epoxy loss was achieved at a H2 pressure of 1000 psi and 60 °C for 3.5 h.
Foundations of disjunctive logic programming (1992)

Part 1 Introduction and background: motivation historical background. Part 2 Definitions and terminology: first-order theory - syntax first order theory - semantics logic programs - syntax logic programs - semantics - models and interpretations substitutions and unifiers fixpoint theory. Part 3 Declarative semantics: logical consequences model theory fixpoint theory comparison of definite and disjunctive logic programs. Part 4 Proof theory: query type and correct answers SLI resolution and SLD resolution soundness of SLI resolution completeness of SLI resolution computation rule comparison of SLD and SLI resolution. Part 5 Negation: generalized closed world assumption procedural interpretation for the GCWA non-herbrand models and the GCWA constructive answers. Part 6 Weak negation: weak generalized closed world assumption finite failure semantics fixpoint characterization completion theory procedural interpretation. Part 7 Normal logic programs: normal disjunctive logic programs the generalized disjunctive well-founded semantics stationary semantics comparison of semantics normal logic programs. Part 8 Proof theory - normal programs: SLIS resolution soundness of SLIS resolution completeness of SLIS resolution. Part 9 Disjunctive deductive databases: disjunctive deductive databases queries and answers incremental evaluation of hierarchical DDDB's model trees - a data structure for sets of minimal models incremental computation on model trees computing answers on trees meaningless models and denials. Part 10 Applications: view updates combining deductive databases.
Crack Growth in the High Crack Velocity Region for Binary Sodium Silicate Glasses. (2000)

The crack growth behavior in the high crack velocity region (region III) for binary sodium silicate glasses was investigated by using a DCDC (double cleavage drilled compression) specimen under compressive stress. For 15mol% Na2O glass, despite the anomalous characteristic of the bulk modulus, subcritical crack growth in region III was detected. The slope of stress intensity factor (KI)-crack velocity (v) curve for silicate glass depended on the number of non-bridging oxygen per SiO4 tetrahedron rather than on the alkali content in the glass. This compositional dependence of the slope of KI-v curve for silicate glasses could not be explained in terms of thermally activated crack growth process where the crack-tip shape would vary with the pressure derivative of bulk modulus. The smaller KI-v slope and the higher KIC value of 35mol% Na2O glass may be related to the structural change from a three-dimensional network to a two-dimensional network because of the introduction of many non-bridging oxygens into the silica network.
Effect of Inhaled Interferon Beta-1a on Carbon Monoxide Transfer Factor in Healthy Volunteers (2015)

Interferon beta-1a (IFNβ-1a) 30 μg weekly by intramuscular (IM) injection is used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. We assessed if it can be given safely by inhalation. Twenty-one healthy volunteers inhaled IFNβ-1a 300 μg, formulated for deep delivery to the lungs, in a randomized, parallel-group, repeat-dose trial. Comparators were room air and placebo. The primary outcome measure was carbon monoxide transfer factor corrected for hemoglobin (TLCOc), which measures the CO transfer from inspired gas to pulmonary capillary blood. After 3 and 4 once-weekly doses, IFNβ-1a significantly reduced TLCOc compared with room air: after the third dose, mean standard deviation (SD) change in percent predicted TLCOc was-10.9 (2.8), and after the fourth dose was-12.1 (2.7). After 2, 3, and 4 doses, IFNβ-1a significantly reduced TLCOc compared with placebo: after the second dose, mean (SD) change in percent predicted TLCOc was-8.8 (5.5), after the third dose was-10.9 (2.8), and after the fourth dose was-12.1 (2.7). Circulating IFNβ-1a concentrations were about one-third those of the intramuscular dose regimen. Tolerability of IFNβ-1a and the comparators was equally good. In conclusion, IFNβ-1a reduced TLCOc, whereas placebo and room air did not. A dose of IFNβ-1a 300 μg by inhalation may not be safe for general use.
Experience report on software product line evolution due to market reposition (2004)

This paper presents the result of a study on the changes that occurred in the product line of a telecommunication equipments supplier because of the top management decision to change the product line's target market. The study examines six years of data and identifies potential relationships between changes in the product line and changes in the company's customer, inner context, and product layers. Some of the key findings are: (i) Sales are negatively related to product line growth and positively related to design turnover and the number of designers assigned to the product line. (ii) There is no relationship between the size of the code added to the product line and the number of designers required to develop and test it. (iii) There is a positive relationship between designer turnover and impact of change. (iv) The market downturn has an explicit impact on software development activities.
Primary Issues in Compensation Litigation (1995)

This Article seeks to aid the practicing attorney with hearing preparation and research by identifying fundamental issuesthose matters that should be stipulated, or will be litigated, in virtually every workers' compensation case-and the grounds on which they are most commonly controverted. Recent amendments to the operative statutes are noted.
A Model for the Effect of Estrogen Antagonists on Cooperative Estradiol Binding (1993)

Partial agonists such as estriol and estrone have been reported to diminish or even eliminate the upward convexity of the Scatchard plot of the binding of labeled estradiol to estrogen receptor. This has been interpreted as agonist interference with the receptor dimerization induced by estradiol. In order to investigate how a partial agonist or antagonist might interfere with dimerization we have developed a theoretical mass-action law model, where soluble receptors can dimerize and bind to two different ligands. Special attention was devoted to manifestations of positive cooperativity to determine whether they could be modified by competition with a second ligand. This was done using a computer program that evaluated a large set of combinations of affinity constants in an effort to explore all possible situations. The model could reproduce the effect of a second ligand on the cooperative binding of estradiol to the estrogen receptor but only if the second ligand was anticooperative, which is not the case of estriol, estrone and tamoxifen. Furthermore, even when the Scatchard plot was linear, the model still required dimerization of the receptor in most of the cases, showing that the addition of an antagonist may eliminate the upward curvature of the Scatchard without truly eliminating dimerization or cooperativity. We conclude that the effect of a second ligand on the binding of labeled estradiol to estrogen receptor is not necessarily due to interference with dimerization and/or cooperativity. The inability of this model to fully explain the published data for estriol, estrone, clomiphene, and tamoxifen suggests that a more complex mechanism is involved.
Effects of etching with a mixture of HCl gas and H2 on the GaAs surface cleaning in molecular-beam epitaxy (1990)

I n situ cleaning of GaAs substrates with a HCl gas and hydrogen mixture prior to molecular-beam epitaxy has been investigated. The chemical reaction during etching was monitored using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. After etching, reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns revealed (2×4) arsenic-stabilized surfaces and (4×2) gallium-stabilized surfaces as reconstructed structures in the gas-etched substrate surface. These structures suggest that the gas-etched substrate surface is atomically flat, resembling an epitaxial layer surface. To study the effect of gas etching, the carrier depletion layer and the residual carbon impurity around the substrate epitaxial interface were measured by capacitance-voltage carrier profiling and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. After gas etching, the carrier depletion was greatly reduced, from 1.2×1012 to 1×1010 cm−2. The carbon impurity around the interface also decreased by one order of magnitude. We discussed the surface-cleaning mechanism using the atomic hydrogen terminating model of the GaAs surface during etching. We then applied this etching technique to in situ cleaning of semi-insulating GaAs substrates prior to the growth of selectively doped GaAs/N-AlGaAs heterostructures with very thin GaAs buffer layers.
Understanding carbon dioxide capture on metal–organic frameworks from first-principles theory: The case of MIL-53(X), with X = Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+ (2021)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constitute a class of three-dimensional porous materials that have shown applicability for carbon dioxide capture at low pressures, which is particularly advantageous in dealing with the well-known environmental problem related to the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. In this work, the effect of changing the metallic center in the inorganic counterpart of MIL-53 (X), where X = Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, and Cu<sup>2+</sup>, has been assessed over the ability of the porous material to adsorb carbon dioxide by means of first-principles theory. In general, the non-spin polarized computational method has led to adsorption energies in fair agreement with the experimental outcomes, where the carbon dioxide stabilizes at the pore center through long-range interactions via oxygen atoms with the axial hydroxyl groups in the inorganic counterpart. However, spin-polarization effects in connection with the Hubbard corrections, on Fe 3d and Cu 3d states, were needed to properly describe the metal orbital occupancy in the open-shell systems (Fe- and Cu-based MOFs). This methodology gave rise to a coherent high-spin configuration, with five unpaired electrons, for Fe atoms leading to a better agreement with the experimental results. Within the GGA+U level of theory, the binding energy for the Cu-based MOF is found to be E<sub>b</sub> = -35.85 kJ/mol, which is within the desirable values for gas capture applications. Moreover, it has been verified that the adsorption energetics is dominated by the gas-framework and internal weak interactions.
Cyclic response of clay-geomembrane interfaces and their impact on the seismic response of lined landfills (1997)

This study presents the results of cyclic shear tests on HDPE geomembrane/clay soil interfaces at strains < 1 % and investigates the effect of such interfaces on the seismic performance of landfills. Laboratory cyclic shear tests were performed on both textured and smooth HDPE geomembrane materials overlying a silty clay material.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Novel 4-Substituted Phenyl-5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl]-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (2014)

The paper describes a convenient method for the preparation of 4-substituted phenyl-5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl]-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones. The structures of the synthesized compounds are established by the results of LCMS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and IR and elemental analyses. The mercaptotriazoles are indicated to be in thione form by (1)H NMR spectra. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compounds 12d and 12h exhibit encouraging results, while the remaining compounds show moderate activities. On the basis of spectral studies, formation of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles from the isobenzofuran acyl thiosemicarbazides 11(a-h) is ruled out.
Prediction of Acute Renal Allograft Rejection by Urinary Monokine Induced by IFN-γ (MIG) (2005)

Early diagnosis of acute allograft rejection (AR) is still decisive for long-term renal allograft survival. The aim of this study was to define the role of the chemokine monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG) (CXCL9) and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) (CXCL10) as early markers of AR in renal transplantation (NTX). In a prospective study, 69 de novo renal transplant recipients were monitored and urine samples were collected after NTX for a median of 29 d. In pH-adjusted urine, MIG and IP-10 were determined by modified ELISA. AR was clinically diagnosed in 15 of 69 recipients and confirmed by biopsy in 14 of 15 AR patients (Banff classification). Corresponding to CXCR3-positive infiltrates in renal tissue, urinary MIG was elevated in 14 of 15 AR patients with a median of 2809 pg/ml (quartile 25% and 75% = 870 and 13,000; n = 15), being significantly (P < 0.0001) different from both nonrejecting allograft patients (NO-AR) (median, 25%, and 75%: 96, 1.0, and 161, n = 54) and healthy controls (median, 25%, and 75%: 144, 19, and 208, n = 13). Urinary MIG predicted AR with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%. In AR and NO-AR groups, MIG values correlated well with IP-10 (P < 0.001). MIG values indicated both imminent rejection and response to successful antirejection therapy. MIG was not related to intercurrent infections or other causes for impairment of renal function. In a multivariate analysis, MIG correlated best (P < 0.001) with AR from all AR-associated parameters. In conclusion, urinary MIG serves as a very sensitive and specific predictor for AR, mirrors response to antirejection therapy, and thus may contribute to improved long-term renal allograft survival.