gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Applications, Challenges, and Recommendations for Artificial Intelligence in Musculoskeletal and Soft-Tissue Ultrasound: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review (2023)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in clinical practice for musculoskeletal imaging tasks, such as disease diagnosis and image reconstruction. AI applications in musculoskeletal imaging have focused primarily on radiography, CT, and MRI. Although musculoskeletal ultrasound stands to benefit from AI in similar ways, such applications have been relatively underdeveloped. In comparison with other modalities, ultrasound has unique advantages and disadvantages that must be considered in AI algorithm development and clinical translation. Challenges in developing AI for musculoskeletal ultrasound involve both clinical aspects of image acquisition and practical limitations in image processing and annotation. Solutions from other radiology subspecialties (e.g., crowdsourced annotations coordinated by professional societies), along with use cases (most commonly rotator cuff tendon tears and palpable soft-tissue masses), can be applied to musculoskeletal ultrasound to help develop AI. To facilitate creation of high-quality imaging datasets for AI model development, technologists and radiologists should focus on increasing uniformity in musculoskeletal ultrasound performance and increasing annotations of images for specific anatomic regions. This Expert Panel Narrative Review summarizes available evidence regarding AI's potential utility in musculoskeletal ultrasound and challenges facing its development. Recommendations for future AI advancement and clinical translation in musculoskeletal ultrasound are discussed.
Re-entry into the cell cycle is required for bFGF-induced oligodendroglial dedifferentiation and survival (1996)

Remyelination in the CNS following demyelinating disease may be accomplished by surviving mature oligodendrocytes that dedifferentiate, proliferate, migrate, and finally regenerate myelin. We previously reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces oligodendrocytes in primary mixed glial cultures to dedifferentiate and synthesize DNA (Grinspan et al.: J Neurosci Res 36:672-680, 1993). We now show that this effect is direct and not mediated through the effects of bFGF on other cell types, because we were able to demonstrate similar changes in oligodendrocyte phenotype in enriched oligodendrocyte cultures prepared by immunopanning. The bFGF-induced reversion to the precursor stage of the oligodendroglial lineage can be blocked by agents that inhibit entry to the cell cycle; thus oligodendroglial dedifferentiation is dependent on proliferation. We also report that 2 days of bFGF treatment inhibits oligodendroglial apoptosis. However, when oligodendroglia are prevented from entering the cell cycle in the presence of bFGF, apoptotic cell death is increased. Thus, bFGF induces oligodendroglial dedifferentiation if oligodendroglial DNA synthesis can occur but causes oligodendroglial apoptosis when oligodendroglial DNA synthesis is prevented.
Efficacy and safety of biologics in erythrodermic psoriasis: a multicentre, retrospective study (2012)

Biologics show overall good short-term efficacy, but treatment switch due to lack of efficacy or side-effects is frequently observed on a longer term, with only one-third of patients still receiving the same drug after 1 year. The most significant safety concern consists of severe infections.
Gain-clamped SOA with 1-11 dB variable gain based on a three-contact tunable DBR laser (2004)

We report variable gain gain-clamped SOA operation using a tunable laser based device. Variation of the clamped gain from 1-11 dB is achieved together with a noise figure of 7.9 dB and flat spectral performance over 25 nm.
Contribution of Stream Channel Erosion to Sediment Yield from an Urbanizing Watershed (1997)

Stream channel erosion has long been suspected as the major contributor to long-term sediment yield from urbanizing watersheds. For San Diego Creek in southern California, measurements from 1983 to 1993 showed that stream channel erosion furnished 10(5) megagrams per year of sediment, or about two-thirds of the total sediment yield. Thus, because channel erosion can be a major source of sediment yield from urbanizing areas, channel stabilization should be a priority in managing sediment yield.
Rapid prototyping of a communication controller for the CAN bus (2002)

This paper presents the rapid prototyping process for a communication controller design. It has been specified at a very high abstraction level with no commitment to the final realization architecture. Via VHDL code generation and synthesis a gate level netlist has been generated. For a fast verification of the specification a hardware emulator and a PC have been configured with the design and have been integrated into a real communications network. By this means it has been possible to discover specification failures as fast as possible and to avoid time consuming redesigns.
Textile Design of an Intervertebral Disc Replacement Device from Silk Yarn (2023)

Low back pain is often due to degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVD). It is one of the most common age- and work-related problems in today's society. Current treatments are not able to efficiently restore the full function of the IVD. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to reconstruct the two parts of the intervertebral disc-the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP)-in such a way that the natural structural features were mimicked by a textile design. Silk was selected as the biomaterial for realization of a textile IVD because of its cytocompatibility, biodegradability, high strength, stiffness, and toughness, both in tension and compression. Therefore, an embroidered structure made of silk yarn was developed that reproduces the alternating fiber structure of +30° and -30° fiber orientation found in the AF and mimics its lamellar structure. The developed embroidered ribbons showed a tensile strength that corresponded to that of the natural AF. Fiber additive manufacturing with 1 mm silk staple fibers was used to replicate the fiber network of the NP and generate an open porous textile 3D structure that may serve as a reinforcement structure for the gel-like NP.
Protection by humoral elements independent of virus neutralization activity against an influenza virus challenge. (2017)

To investigate the protective efficacy of a seasonal trivalent inactivated whole virion influenza vaccine (TIV) adjuvanted with aluminum phosphate (Fluval AB, referred to here as TIV+Al), we immunized mice with the TIV+Al, and as controls, with TIV, TIV+Al combined with Freund adjuvant (TIV+Al+F), inactivated A/PR/8/34(H1N1) (PR8) strain or PBS, and challenged them with a lethal dose of a mouse-adapted PR8 virus. Serum pools from immunized mice were passively transferred to recipient mice that were then challenged similarly. All actively immunized mice survived the challenge. Of recipient mice receiving serum from mice actively immunized with TIV, TIV+Al or TIV+Al+F, 20%, 80%, and 100% survived, respectively. Rates of mortality and morbidity of recipient mice were inversely proportional to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody level to the vaccine virus in the absence of detectable PR8-specific HI, neuraminidase inhibition (NI) and virus neutralization (VN) antibodies. No cross-reactivity was observed between vaccine and PR8 strains in in vitro HI, NI or VN assays. In splenocytes from TIV+Al-immunized mice production of IFN-γ or granzyme-B protein and mRNA expression increased (p<0.05). Thus, antibodies play a major role in the protection against a mismatched challenge infection independent of HI, NI and VN activity, but cellular immune responses may contribute to full protection in actively immunized mice.
Autonomous sensor-based dual-arm satellite grappling (1989)

The NASA Telerobotic Research Project is exploring the feasibility of using robots in space for on-orbit assembly, maintenance, and repair operations. Dual-arm satellite grappling is one of its more challenging tasks. The task involves the integration of technologies developed in the Sensing and Perception (S&amp;amp;P) Subsystem for object acquisition and tracking, and the Manipulator Control and Mechanization (MCM) Subsystem for dual-arm control. S&amp;amp;P acquires and tracks the position, orientation, velocity, and angular velocity of a slowly spinning satellite, and sends tracking data to the MCM subsystem. MCM grapples the satellite and brings it to rest, controlling the arms so that no excessive forces or torques are exerted on the satellite or arms. The demonstration setup includes a 350-pound satellite mockup which can spin freely on a gimbal for several minutes, closely simulating the dynamics of a real satellite. The satellite mockup is fitted with a panel under which may be mounted various elements such as line replacement modules and electrical connectors that will be used to demonstrate servicing tasks once the satellite is docked. The subsystems are housed in three MicroVAX II microcomputers. The hardware of the S&amp;amp;P Subsystem includes CCD cameras, video digitizers, frame buffers, IMFEX (a custom pipelined video processor), a time-code generator with millisecond precision, and a MicroVAX II computer. Its software is written in Pascal and is based on a locally written vision software library. The hardware of the MCM Subsystem includes PUMA 560 robot arms, Lord force/torque sensors, two MicroVAX II computers, and Unimation pneumatic parallel grippers. Its software is written in C, and is based on a robot language called RCCL. This paper describes the two subsystems and provides test results on the grappling of the satellite mockup with rotational rates of up to 2 rpm. 1
<title>Plastic disk inspection system: an approach using two-dimensional birefringence distribution measurement</title> (2001)

A plastic disk for the next generation of a hard disk requires high quality surface. Especially its flatness is very important. A plastic disk inspection system is proposed by using a 2D birefringence distribution. Small birefringence is a serious problem that is caused by internal strain or residual stress in disks. It is necessary for the birefringence measurement to determine the relative retardation and the azimuthal angle of the fast axis in plastic disks. A 2D birefringence distribution is measured in this system. Several images captured by a CCD camera are sufficient for one birefringence distribution analysis. These experimental procedures and the results of plastic disks for hard disks are discussed.
Developments in continuous speech dictation using the ARPA WSJ task (2002)

We report on our recent development work in large vocabulary, American English continuous speech dictation. We have experimented with (1) alternative analyses for the acoustic front end, (2) the use of an enlarged vocabulary so as to reduce the number of errors due to out-of-vocabulary words, (3) extensions to the lexical representation, (4) the use of additional acoustic training data, and (5) modification of the acoustic models for telephone speech. The recognizer was evaluated on Hubs 1 and 2 of the fall 1994 ARPA NAB CSR Hub and Spoke Benchmark test. Experimental results for development and evaluation test data are given, as well as an analysis of the errors on the development data.
Mass transfer and influence of the local catalyst activity on the conversion in a riser reactor (1999)

Abstract Gas–solids contacting in risers has been studied based on measurements of mass transfer controlled CO oxidation over a Pt/γ‐alumina catalyst, and on experimental results published by Ouyang et al. (1995) for the kinetically controlled ozone decomposition. In the present experiments, the catalyst activity was varied by mixing the active catalyst particles with similar, but inert γ‐alumina particles (in ratios from 150 to 2500 m 3 inert /m 3 cat ), whereas Ouyang and co‐workers varied the operating temperature ( de 300 à to 500 K). Mass transfer controlled CO oxidation occurs at temperatures above 750 K. A negative square root dependency has been observed for the relationship between the Sherwood number and the solid hold‐up. Increasing the gas velocity always improves the gas–solids contacting. The local catalyst activity appears to be an important parameter. As an important conclusion of the present work, it can be stated that at a high local activity, the conversion rate per unit volume of catalyst decreases significantly due to local depletion of reactant.
High-speed Laser Micromachining with Copper Bromide Laser (2006)

The application of the copper bromide (CuBr) laser as an attractive tool in the micro-machining of different materials has been demonstrated. High-quality drilling by trepanning and precision cutting was established on several materials with a negligible heat-affected zone (HAZ). That good performance was a result of the combination of high power visible radiation, short pulses, and close to the diffraction-limited laser beam quality with high-speed galvo scanner beam steering.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (B)‐poly(L‐lactide) (A) ABA block copolymers (2005)

Abstract ABA triblock copolymers of L ‐lactide (LL) and ε ‐caprolactone (CL), designated as PLL‐P(LL‐co‐CL)‐PLL, were synthesized via a two‐step ring‐opening polymerization in bulk using diethylene glycol and stannous octoate as the initiating system. In the first‐step reaction, an approximately 50:50 mol% P(LL‐co‐CL) random copolymer (prepolymer) was prepared as the middle (B) block. This was then chain extended in the second‐step reaction by terminal block polymerization with more L ‐lactide. The percentage yields of the triblock copolymers were in excess of 95%. The prepolymers and triblock copolymers were characterized using a combination of dilute‐solution viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the molecular weight of the prepolymer was controlled primarily by the diethylene glycol concentration. All of the triblock copolymers had molecular weights higher than their respective prepolymers. 13 C‐NMR analysis confirmed that the prepolymers contained at least some random character and that the triblock copolymers consisted of additional terminal PLL end (A) blocks. From their DSC curves, the triblock copolymers were seen to be semi‐crystalline in morphology. Their glass transition, solid‐state crystallization, and melting temperature ranges, together with their heats of melting, all increased as the PLL end (A) block length increased. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A mobile robot that performs human acceptable motions (2006)

The presence of humans should be explicitly taken into account in all steps of robot's design and particularly for robot motion. The robot should reason about human partner's accessibility, his vision field and potential shared motions and behave as a social being by respecting social rules and protocols. This paper describes the algorithms and results of a navigation planner that takes into account the human presence explicitly. This planner is part of a human-aware motion and manipulation planning and control system that we aim to develop in order to achieve motion and manipulation tasks in presence and/or in synergy with human
Antibacterial Alkaloids fromZanthoxylum rhoifolium (2003)

Two new dihydrobenzophenanthridine-type alkaloids, 6-methoxy dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[c] dioxolo[4,5- j]phenanthridine (1) and 2,3,13-trimethoxy-5,11a-dihydro dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[c]phenanthridine (2) were isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, together with four other previously known benzophenanthridine alkaloids, 6-acetonyldihydronitidine (3) [= 8-acetonyldihydronitidine], 6-acetonyldihydroavicine (4) [= 8-acetonyldihydroavicine], 6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (5) and xanthoxyline (6). The structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. For alkaloids 1 and 2 we propose the trivial names rhoifolines A and B. The crude plant extracts and the alkaloids 3, 4 and 6 showed activity against Gram (+/-) bacteria, while the new alkaloids 1 and 2 were inactive.
A generalizedG‐function for the Quantum Rabi Model (2013)

The analytical solution of the quantum Rabi model is based on a transcendental function , the zeros of which determine the eigenenergies. is generalized here to a function , which allows a much better numerical control of the high‐energy part of the spectrum by an appropriate choice of the complex parameter z . Additionally, it is shown that all zeros of correspond to eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian as well as the zeros of for imaginary z .
Pressure-Enhanced Penetration With Shaped-Charge Perforators (1998)

Abstract Computational analysis demonstrates that the penetration of a shaped charge jet can be enhanced by at least 25% by imploding the liner in a high pressure light gas atmosphere. The gas pressure helps confine the jet on the axis of penetration in the latter stages of formation. A light gas, such as helium or hydrogen, is required in order to keep the gas density low enough so as not to inhibit liner collapse. P. 139
Interactions Between Neural and Hormonal Mediators of Renal Vascular Tone in Anaesthetized Rabbits (2003)

We investigated how sympathetic nerve activity and vasoactive hormones interact in controlling renal haemodynamics in pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized rabbits. Renal blood flow was progressively reduced by electrical stimulation (0.5‐3 Hz) of the renal nerves, during renal arterial infusion of saline, vasoconstrictors (angiotensin II and [Phe 2 ,Ile 3 ,Orn 8 ]‐vasopressin), or vasodilators (acetylcholine, adrenomedullin and the nitric oxide donor methylamine hexamethylene NONOate (MAHMA NONOate). A frequency‐rich stimulus was also applied to test whether the vasoactive agents affect the dynamic control of renal blood flow by sympathetic nerve activity. The vasodilators tended to increase renal blood flow, but only the effect of MAHMA NONOate was statistically significant. [Phe 2 ,Ile 3 ,Orn 8 ]‐vasopressin reduced medullary perfusion (by 61 ± 12%) but not renal blood flow or cortical perfusion. Angiotensin II reduced renal blood flow (33 ± 3%) and cortical perfusion (14 ± 5%) but not medullary perfusion. Steady‐state responses of renal blood flow and cortical perfusion during renal nerve stimulation were attenuated during infusion of acetylcholine and [Phe 2 ,Ile 3 ,Orn 8 ]‐vasopressin, while angiotensin II attenuated responses of medullary perfusion, and MAHMA NONOate and adrenomedullin had no significant effects. The dynamic response to sympathetic nerve activity (renal blood flow responded as a low pass filter with a pure time delay of ∼664 ms) was not altered by the vasoactive agents. We conclude that some vasoactive agents can modulate steady‐state renal haemodynamic responses to sympathetic nerve activity in a regionally specific manner, independent of their effects on baseline renovascular tone. However, they have little impact on the dynamic response of renal blood flow to sympathetic nerve activity.
Irrigation in Hawke’s Bay: Application of the River Values Assessment System (RiVAS) (2012)

Foundation for Science, Research and Technology as part of the project ‘Developing a significance classification framework for water body uses and values’ (Envirolink Grant 612-TSDC41).
Correlation between transmural high energy phosphate levels and myocardial blood flow in the presence of graded coronary stenosis. (1990)

Spatially localized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate with transmural differentiation the response of myocardial high energy phosphate compounds and inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) to graded reductions in coronary blood flow caused by sustained coronary stenosis. In an open-chest model, localized 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from five layers across the left ventricular wall were obtained simultaneously with transmural blood flow measurements during control conditions and during sustained graded reductions in intracoronary pressure. Both the blood flow, and high energy phosphate and Pi contents displayed transmural heterogeneity in response to decreases in intracoronary pressure. The subendocardial creatine phosphate (CP) level remained unchanged as blood flow was reduced to approximately 0.7 ml/min/g wet wt and decreased precipitously beyond this critical flow level. The relation between CP and flow in the midmyocardium and especially in the subepicardium was more complex. Subepicardial CP content did not correlate well with blood flow; however, in cases in which a coronary stenosis resulted in subendocardial hypoperfusion but subepicardial flow was near or above normal, a close correlation was present between subepicardial and subendocardial CP levels. ATP levels in all layers remained unaltered until blood flow was severely reduced. These results demonstrate that 1) the myocardial high energy phosphate and Pi levels at any transmural layer are not generally determined by O2 and blood flow limitation under basal conditions; 2) during subtotal coronary occlusion, increased oxygen extraction is able to meet myocardial needs until a critical level of stenosis is reached; 3) below a critical flow level, subendocardial CP and Pi contents are closely correlated with absolute subendocardial blood flow; and 4) in the presence of a coronary stenosis, subepicardial CP and Pi contents may change even in the absence of perfusion deficit secondary to loss of subendocardial function.
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PLANT NUTRIENTS (1980)

ABSTRACT Tomato, pea, and New Zealand spinach plants were treated with gibberellic acid, Cycocel, and Phosfon. The tomatoes, green peas, and spinach leaves were analyzed for proteins, soluble carbohydrates, starch, ascorbic acid, niacin, β‐carotene, and titratable acidity. Cycocel and Phosfon increased proteins in all products, starch in green peas and tomatoes, and ascorbic acid in spinach and tomatoes. Cycocel increased β‐carotene in spinach and tomatoes. Phosfon increased β‐carotene in tomatoes and soluble carbohydrates in green peas and tomatoes. Gibberellic acid increased proteins, soluble carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid in all the products and starch and β‐carotene in the tomato. Gibberellic acid caused extended growth, production of smaller tomatoes and beans, and more disease‐susceptible plants. Cycocel‐ and Phosfon‐treated plants were sturdier, greener, water and insect resistant, and produced larger tomatoes or beans or thicker spinach leaves.
Properties of the one- and two-component electron-hole liquid in stressed Si atT=0 (1980)

We present a calculation of the $T=0$ properties of the two-component electron-hole liquid (EHL) in 001&gt;-stressed Si, of the EHL in the equilibrium limit in 001&gt;-stressed Si, and of the EHL in 111&gt;-stressed Si. We conclude that a phase separation of the two-component EHL such as that which we have predicted to occur in 111&gt;-stressed Ge is much less likely to occur in 001&gt;-stressed Si. We also discuss the available experimental data for 111&gt;-stressed Si and 001&gt;-stressed Si in the equilibrium limit.
Linear Stability Theory Applied to Boundary Layers (1996)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More