gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction bonded silicon carbide material characteristics as related to its use in high power laser systems (2014)

Reaction bonded silicon carbide (RB SiC) is a durable material that is well-suited for use as a high power laser mirror substrate. The reaction bonded material has a low mass density, a high Young’s Modulus, good thermal conductivity, and a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. All of these properties are beneficial in mirror substrates used in multikilowatt lasers. In conjunction with the development of RB SiC, special polishing processes, fabrication processes, and coatings have also been developed. In this paper we will present a comparison of the material properties of RB SiC and other mirror materials currently used in high power lasers. A brief overview of the critical fabrication and coating processes will also be reviewed. Finally, we will present thermal heat load test data showing the surface deformation of various high power mirrors used under heat loads typically found in laser systems operating at average powers greater than 10 kilowatts.
Characterization of Envelope Air Leakage Behavior for Centrally Air-Conditioned Single-Family Detached Houses (2023)

Air leakage is an essential factor contributing to overall building performance. It plays a major role in determining energy consumption in harsh climates, particularly in residential buildings, as it represents a significant component of the envelope-induced thermal load. In centrally air-conditioned houses, the HVAC system can substantially alter the pressure distribution across the exterior envelope, reforming the air leakage behavior. Nonetheless, limited information is available to characterize and better understand such behavior to accurately predict building performance and energy consumption toward meeting the emerging requirements for sustainable buildings. This study experimentally investigated the air leakage behavior of a selected sample of centrally air-conditioned typical single-family detached houses in Saudi Arabia. The air leakage behavior was investigated by measuring the overall airtightness and the contribution of the different air leakage paths using the viable method of the blower door test (BDT). The air leakage rate was then calculated using the measured induced pressure across the envelope during the HVAC system operation. Results indicated that the air leakage behavior is significantly altered by the pressurization induced by the central HVAC system, eliminating air infiltration and producing an outward airflow across the entire envelope. The study addresses a current challenge in characterizing envelope air leakage behavior for a common type of house and, thus, would indirectly contribute to more accurate thermal and energy performance assessments. Several aspects were highlighted for consideration when defining the contribution of air leakage to energy consumption prediction and studying air leakage behavior in other types of buildings.
The Effect of Temperature Gradient on the Microdomain Orientation of Diblock Copolymers Undergoing an Order−Disorder Transition (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTThe Effect of Temperature Gradient on the Microdomain Orientation of Diblock Copolymers Undergoing an Order−Disorder TransitionTakeji Hashimoto, Jeffrey Bodycomb, Yoshinori Funaki, and Kohtaro KimishimaView Author Information Hashimoto Polymer Phasing Project, ERATO, JST, Keihanna Plaza, 1-7 Hikari-Dai, Seika, Kyoto 619-0237 Japan, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 3, 952–954Publication Date (Web):January 20, 1999Publication History Received6 August 1998Revised13 November 1998Published online20 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma981249shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma981249srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views997Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amorphous materials,Copolymers,Scattering,X-ray scattering,X-rays Get e-Alerts
Simple Device for Measurement of Air Density Correction Factors (1959)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Bierman; Simple Device for Measurement of Air Density Correction Factors. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 July 1959; 30 (7): 605–606. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1716706 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Superior antileukemic activity of murine peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) grafts mobilized by G-CSF and stem cell factor (SCF) as compared to G-CSF alone. (1998)

We have established a murine model to compare the antileukemic effect of PBPC grafts obtained after treatment with SCF + G-CSF and G-CSF alone. C57/BL6, DBA and Balb/c mice were splenectomized and injected with optimal doses of rhG-CSF (250 microg/kg/day s.c.) or rrSCF (100 microg/kg/day s.c.) or with a combination thereof. On day 5, we determined the hematopoietic potential (number of CD34+ cells, CFUs, total CFC, CFU-gm), the proportion of lymphoid (T, NK and B cells) and myeloid components and graft-versus-leukemia activity after allogeneic and syngeneic PBPCT and BMT in Balb/c mice bearing a B-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (A20). The absolute number of progenitor cells increased two-fold after administering a combination of G-CSF and SCF as compared to G-CSF alone (1500 vs 940 CD34+ cells/microl; 190 vs 70 total CFC/microl; 150 vs 50 CFU-gm/microl and 6600 vs 3000 CFUs/ml). Although no differences could be detected in the cellular composition, especially in the number of T cells, PBPC grafts mobilized by the combination of G-CSF + SCF demonstrated significantly higher antileukemic activity compared to G-CSF alone (94% vs 71% freedom from leukemia, P < 0.05). Because the incidence of lethal GVHD was similar in both groups, improved GVL activity resulted in superior overall survival. Our data suggest that the higher number of progenitor cells can be harvested after G-CSF + SCF and that grafts mobilized by G-CSF + SCF exert significantly enhanced antileukemic activity compared to those harvested after treatment with G-CSF alone.
Macroscopic Domains within an Oriented TQ1 Film Visualized Using 2D Polarization Imaging (2017)

Large-area self-assembly of functional conjugated polymers holds a great potential for practical applications of organic electronic devices. We obtained well-aligned films of poly[2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-<i>alt</i>-thiophene-2,5-diyl] (TQ1) using the floating film transfer method. Thereby, a droplet of the TQ1 solution was injected on top of the surface of an immiscible liquid substrate, at the meniscus formed at the edge of a Petri dish, from where the polymer solution and the film spread in one direction. Characterization of the TQ1 film using the recently developed two-dimensional polarization imaging (2D POLIM) revealed large, millimeter-sized domains of oriented polymer chains. The irregular shape of the contact line at the droplet source induced the appearance of disordered stripes perpendicular to the spreading direction. A correlation of polarization parameters measured using 2D POLIM revealed the microstructure of such stripes, providing valuable information for further improvement and possible upscaling of this promising method.
The tobacco wounding-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase is encoded by SIPK (1998)

It has been demonstrated that both salicylic acid and fungal elicitors activate a 48-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase termed salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) in tobacco suspension cells. Here, we show that infiltration of these agents into tobacco leaves also activates SIPK. Of particular interest, infiltration of water alone activated a kinase of the same size, possibly because of wounding and/or osmotic stresses. The kinetics of kinase activation, however, differ for these different treatments. Various mechanical stresses, including cutting and wounding by abrasion, also activated a 48-kDa kinase. By using an immune-complex kinase assay with antibodies specific for SIPK or wounding-induced protein kinase, we demonstrate that this wounding-activated 48-kDa kinase is SIPK, rather than wounding-induced protein kinase, as reported [Seo, S., Okamoto, M., Seto, H., Ishizuka, K., Sano, H. & Ohashi, Y. (1995) Science 270, 1988-1992]. Activation of SIPK after wounding was associated with tyrosine phosphorylation but not with increases in SIPK mRNA or protein levels. Thus, the same mitogen-activated protein kinase, SIPK, appears to facilitate signaling for two distinct pathways that lead to disease resistance responses and wounding responses.
An Efficient and Inexpensive Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Atomic Spectrometry (1990)

A new and inexpensive batch-type ultrasonic nebulizer which is based on a common room humidifier has been developed. The aerosol generation rate is shown to be much higher than that of pneumatic nebulizers and hence the detection capabilities of ICP and microwave plasma-AES are significantly enhanced when they are combined with this new nebulization system. Under optimal conditions the stability and precision of the system are comparable with those of commercial ultrasonic nebulizers.
Field-programmable technology: The next ten years and beyond (2011)

There have been many exciting advances in field-programmable technology since the first FPT Conference took place ten years ago. Just as the FPT Conference has established itself as a major event, field-programmable technology has become widely adopted for many electronic devices and computing systems. This talk reviews the progress of field-programmable technology made in the past decades, and proposes a number of challenges to be addressed in the next ten years and beyond.
Calcium Channel Blocker Enhancement of Anticancer Drug Cytotoxicity—A Review (1984)

A review of the pharmacological background and clinical activity of different Ca2+ channel blockers concerning reversal of anticancer drug resistance in tumors suggests that verapamil and trifluoperazine may be the most immediate candidates. Reversal of resistance to anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids originally observed in mouse experimental leukemia cell lines has now been extended to other animal cell lines and human tumors as well. Evidence is available that resistance to drugs of other classes such as dactinomycin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone can be reversed by various calcium channel blockers. Apart from enhancing retention of anticancer drugs in tumor cells, little is actually known of the mechanism(s) by which this phenomenon occurs. There is inconclusive evidence for the role of Ca2+ ions and Ca2+ channel receptors in the process, and, furthermore, there is no evidence that Ca2+ channel blocking activity per se is necessary for the reversal of drug resistance.
New targets and challenges in the molecular therapeutics of cancer (2006)

The past 20 years have seen an explosion of information on the molecular changes that lead to cancer. The pathways that have been uncovered include many targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Several such drugs have been approved for clinical use and many additional drugs and targets are now being evaluated in preclinical studies. These new drugs may exhibit impressive therapeutic activity, but this is often restricted to a subpopulation of cancers with a particular molecular change. Moreover, toxicity or even antagonism may result from off-target effects of the drugs. Accordingly, it will be critical to stratify patients for treatment based on the propensity of their tumours to respond. In addition, defining the appropriate dose of targeted agents to administer is challenging; early clinical trial designs must include assays to define the effective biological dose, in addition to more traditional end-points such as the maximum tolerable dose. These and many other challenges exist in the preclinical and clinical development of these drugs.
Viscoelastic Properties of Tire Cords Under Conditions of Rolling Tires (1979)

An apparatus is described to measure the viscoelastic properties of greige and tensilized cords at frequencies, strain-amplitudes, pretensions, and temperatures which exist in tires during service. It is shown that the response of cords is nonlinear and time dependent. Properties of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) cords are presented and the effects of tensilizing conditions and curing of tires are discussed. It is shown that tensilizing conditions and curing conditions have an important effect on dynamic modulus and loss factor.
A 3 T sodium and proton composite array breast coil (2013)

The improved signal-to-noise ratio of the composite array gives breast sodium images of unprecedented quality in reasonable scan times.
Design of experiments for Quick U-building method for building energy performance measurement (2019)

Quick U-building (QUB) is a method for short time measurement of energy performance of buildings, typically one night. It uses the indoor air temperature response to the power delivered to the indoor air by electric heaters. This paper introduces a method for estimating the expected measurement error as a function of the amplitude and the time duration of the input signal based on the decomposition of the time response of a state-space model into a sum of exponentials by using the eigenvalues of the state matrix. It is shown that the buildings have a group of dominant time constants, which gives an exponential response, and many very short and very large time constants, which have a small influence on the response. The analysis of the eigenvalues demonstrates that the QUB experiment may be done in a rather short time as compared with the largest time constant of the building.
Misunderstanding Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Area? (2009)

January 01 2009 Misunderstanding Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Area? Kimberly Marten, Kimberly Marten Kimberly Marten is Professor of Political Science at Barnard College at Columbia University. Her most recent book is Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004). The author gratefully acknowledges the Smith Richardson Foundation for its generous support of her research. Her conclusions are her own and do not necessarily represent the views of the foundation. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Thomas H. Johnson, Thomas H. Johnson Thomas H. Johnson is Research Professor in the Department of National Security Affairs and Director of the Program for Culture and Conflict Studies at the Naval Postgraduate School. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar M. Chris Mason M. Chris Mason M. Chris Mason is Senior Fellow at the Center for Advanced Defense Studies. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Kimberly Marten Kimberly Marten is Professor of Political Science at Barnard College at Columbia University. Her most recent book is Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004). The author gratefully acknowledges the Smith Richardson Foundation for its generous support of her research. Her conclusions are her own and do not necessarily represent the views of the foundation. Thomas H. Johnson Thomas H. Johnson is Research Professor in the Department of National Security Affairs and Director of the Program for Culture and Conflict Studies at the Naval Postgraduate School. M. Chris Mason M. Chris Mason is Senior Fellow at the Center for Advanced Defense Studies. Online ISSN: 1531-4804 Print ISSN: 0162-2889 © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.2009 International Security (2009) 33 (3): 180–189. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.33.3.180 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Kimberly Marten, Thomas H. Johnson, M. Chris Mason; Misunderstanding Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Area?. International Security 2009; 33 (3): 180–189. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.33.3.180 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsInternational Security Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
On combining Split Spectrum technique with a Slot-Continuity Capacity Loss heuristic in Elastic Optical Networks (2017)

Elastic Optical Networks (EON) have been a constant focus of studies in recent years because they have characteristics that stand out in relation to current optical networks. Among these characteristics, it is possible to highlight the ability to transmit data with different bandwidths, adapted to the demand, which guarantees a high spectral efficiency. Different techniques and heuristics have been presented in order to solve the Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) problem, which emphasize in providing efficient solutions for the packaging of requests within the optical spectrum. In this article, it is proposed the adaptation of an efficient spectrum assignment heuristic, referred to as Min Slot-Continuity Capacity Loss (MSCL), with the Split Spectrum technique. It is shown that by combining different forms of spectrum division with the spectrum assignment that generates the least loss of capacity, an efficient technique may be applied to EONs that provides better results than either the traditional algorithms of spectrum allocation (FF and MSCL) and the classic form of spectrum division.
Class II MHC Antigen Processing in Phagosomes (2008)

Phagocytic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses to bacteria. Adaptive responses to bacteria involve processing of bacterial antigens for presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) molecules and class I MHC (MHC I) molecules to stimulate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively. To examine the role of phagosomes in processing of antigens for presentation by MHC II molecules to CD4(+) T cells, phagosomes have been biochemically and functionally analyzed by a variety of techniques that include flow analysis (flow organellometry), SDS-PAGE/Western blotting, and an antigen-presenting organelle assay. Using these techniques, we have demonstrated that phagosomes containing latex beads or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contain components of the MHC II processing pathway and support the formation of peptide-MHC II complexes.
Insulin-induced glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) binding to red cell membrane proteins (2002)

In this work GPI binding to membrane proteins from erythrocytes of insulinoma patients for whom prolonged hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia were characteristic, as well as from normal erythrocytes incubated with supraphysiological concentrations of insulin were analyzed. In the RBCs from insulinoma patients, covalent GPI binding to red cell membrane proteins in the spectrin/ankyrin region, band 4.1 and two proteins of molecular mass of 115 and 110 kD was demonstrated. In erythrocytes incubated with insulin label was associated with band 4.1 and two proteins of molecular mass of 115 and 110 kD. Extraction studies showed that the 100-kD proteins are unrelated to band 3 since they were found in Triton- prepared cytoskeleton. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of such a modification of red cell skeletal proteins, and the first demonstration of post-translation GPI binding to red cell skeletal proteins in response to insulin. A mechanism proposed for GPI binding to red cell skeletal proteins as well as the relevance of these results for physiological disorders that are characterized by hyperinsulinism are briefly discussed.
Monolithic low sideband guided-mode resonance filter based on two-layer structure (2005)

In this paper, fabrication an optical filter based on guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect in a silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane by silicon bulk micromachining technologies is demonstrated. Such a filter has advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and it is potential to be integrated with other developed optoelectronic elements into an integrated micro systems. The design consideration, fabrication procedures and measured spectral response are shown in this paper.
Analysis of heart block and dysrhythmias by His bundle electrograms (1972)

Five representative cases are presented where His bundle electrograms were of value in enabling dysrhythmias to be analysed more precisely than by a surface electrocardiogram alone. The records indicated that the site of block in acquired heart block was in the peripheral bundle branches, differentiated between aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats and ventricular ectopic beats, distinguished ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction, and identified the site of impulse formation during a junctional tachycardia.
A new international UPS classification by IEC 62040-3 (2003)

There are three typical UPS circuit arrangements in use, called by their good old names: online UPS or double conversion UPS; line interactive UPS; and offline UPS or passive standby UPS, but these are not explicit. Competition is good in general, but in the case of UPS designations some competitors are extremely creative. Terms like "quasi online UPS", "semi online UPS", true online UPS and "online-sharing technology" are today common. The motivation of these UPS providers are to confuse the user to believing their products are true double conversion at a much more affordable price. In reality, these products are not double conversion, and do not provide the reliability that users expect in receiving double conversion.