gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power measurements of OFDM signals (2004)

There are many ways to measure the output power from wireless devices $average power, peak envelope power, instantaneous peak power and average peak power being examples. In addition, there are multiple instruments and methods available to make these measurements - spectrum analyzers, power meters with peak power sensors, average power sensors and diode detectors. The dynamic nature of signals that use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is such that these various methods can give widely different results depending on the type of measuring instrument used and the power measurement required. The requirements for output power in the regulatory standards can be confusing, leading to incorrect or inaccurate measurements. Problems can also be created when alternative methods of power measurements are used in the production line to set the output power of individual devices to ensure they comply with national restrictions on output power. The paper reviews the various methods used to make power measurements of OFDM signals for regulatory purposes and recommends suitable methods for production line measurements of 802.11a and 802.11g devices.
Conferring a template-dependent polymerase activity to terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase by mutations in the Loop1 region (2009)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (Tdt) and DNA polymerase mu (pol mu) are two eukaryotic highly similar proteins involved in DNA processing and repair. Despite their high sequence identity, they differ widely in their activity: pol mu has a templated polymerase activity, whereas Tdt has a non-templated one. Loop1, first described when the Tdt structure was solved, has been invoked as the major structural determinant of this difference. Here we describe attempts to transform Tdt into pol mu with the minimal number of mutations in and around Loop1. First we describe the effect of mutations on six different positions chosen to destabilize Tdt Loop1 structure, either by alanine substitution or by deletion; they result at most in a reduction of Tdt activity, but adding Co(++) restores most of this Tdt activity. However, a deletion of the entire Loop1 as in pol lambda does confer a limited template-dependent polymerase behavior to Tdt while a chimera bearing an extended pol mu Loop1 reproduces pol mu behavior. Finally, 16 additional substitutions are reported, targeted at the two so-called 'sequence determinant' regions located just after Loop1 or underneath. Among them, the single-point mutant F401A displays a sequence-specific replicative polymerase phenotype that is stable upon Co(++) addition. These results are discussed in light of the available crystal structures.
Novel Variants of Clade 2.3.4 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses, China (2013)

We characterized 7 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from poultry in China during 2009-2012 and found that they belong to clade 2.3.4 but do not fit within the 3 defined subclades. Antigenic drift in subtype H5N1 variants may reduce the efficacy of vaccines designed to control these viruses in poultry.
Radon exposure of the skin: II. Estimation of the attributable risk for skin cancer incidence (2007)

A preceding companion paper has reviewed the various factors which form the chain of assumptions that are necessary to support a suggested link between radon exposure and skin cancer in man. Overall, the balance of evidence was considered to be against a causal link between radon exposure and skin cancer. One factor against causality is evidence, particularly from animal studies, that some exposure of the hair follicles and/or the deeper dermis, as well as the inter-follicular epidermis, is required-beyond the range of naturally occurring alpha particles. On this basis any skin cancer risk due to radon progeny would be due only to beta and gamma components of equivalent dose, which are 10-100 times less than the alpha equivalent dose to the basal layer. Notwithstanding this conclusion against causality, calculations have been carried out of attributable risk (ATR, the proportion of cases occurring in the total population which can be explained by radon exposure) on the conservative basis that the target cells are, as is often assumed, in the basal layer of the epidermis. An excess relative risk figure is used which is based on variance weighting of the data sources. This is 2.5 times lower than the value generally used. A latent period of 20 years and an RBE of 10 are considered more justifiable than the often used values of 10 years and 20 respectively. These assumptions lead to an ATR of approximately 0.7% (0.5-5%) at the nominal UK indoor radon level of 20 Bq m(-3). The range reflects uncertainties in plate-out. Previous higher estimates by various authors have made more pessimistic assumptions. There are some indications that radon progeny plate-out may be elevated out of doors, particularly due to rainfall. Although average UK outdoor radon levels ( approximately 4 Bq m(-3)) are much less than average indoor levels, and outdoor residence time is on average about 10%, this might have the effect of increasing the ATR several-fold. This needs considerable further study. Ecological epidemiology data for the South West of England provide no evidence for elevated skin cancer risks at radon levels <100 Bq m(-3). Case-control or cohort studies would be necessary to address the issue authoritatively.
A Review on Application of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in Rechargeable Batteries (2022)

Since the very first patent on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) that was filed in 1988, this polymer has been widely utilized and has achieved great success owing to its high electrical conductivity and excellent stability. The application of the conducting polymer, PEDOT, in renewable energy devices, especially rechargeable batteries, is attracting increasing attention due to its potential to solve the energy and climate crisis. In this review, we summarize the research over the past few decades directed toward the application of PEDOT in rechargeable batteries aimed at improving their electrochemical performance. We focus on PEDOT synthesized via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD), a relatively new process known for its ability to grow conducting polymer thin films with uniform, pinhole-free properties, and controllable thickness and conformality. For a comparison purpose, PEDOT synthesized via solution-based methods is also briefly summarized. Finally, future research directions for applying oCVD PEDOT in rechargeable batteries are discussed. Introduction PEDOT Synthesis Methods Application of oCVD PEDOT in Rechargeable Batteries Applications of Solution-Based PEDOT in Rechargeable Batteries Conclusions and Outlook
The concentrations and distributions of phytic acid phosphorus and other mineral nutrients in wild-type and low phytic acid Js-12-LPA wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain parts (2005)

Concentrations of P, phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP 6 ), and other mineral storage elements were studied in wild-type and low phytic acid (lpa) genotype Js-12-LPA wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos and rest-of-grain fractions. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images revealed a decreased average size and an increased number of aleurone layer globoids in lpa grains compared with the wild type. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of unfixed aleurone layer and scutellum cell cytoplasm revealed mainly C, O, P, K, and Mg in both grain types. The starchy endosperm contained virtually no P, K, or Mg, demonstrating no shift of mineral nutrients to that compartment. Scanning transmission electron microscopy – energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of scutellum and aleurone layer globoids in both genotypes revealed that P, K, and Mg were the main mineral nutrients in globoids with low amounts of Ca, Fe, and Zn. Traces of Mn were only in scutellum globoids. Total P was similar between genotypes for the rest-of-grain fractions, which are 97% of grain mass. The main inositol phosphate was IP 6 , but a small amount of IP 5 was present. Both lpa grain fractions exhibited major reductions in IP 6 compared with the wild type and a threefold increase in inorganic P. The concentration of K decreased in both fractions, while Ca increased 25% in the Js-12-LPA rest-of-grain compared with the wild type. The lack of large differences in mineral concentration and distribution between the wild type and Js-12-LPA indicates that there is no direct role of localization of IP 6 synthesis in mineral distribution.
Gene expression profiling in chemoresistant variants of three cell lines of different origin. (2005)

These results will constitute a platform for further studies on specific pathways and biological processes involved in chemotherapy resistance.
Physikalisch-chemische Grundlagen des Torf- und Sapropelieneinsatzes in der Medizin1 (1983)

Der Naturstoff “Torf” ist als ein polykolloides hochmolekulares Mehrkomponentensystem mit den Merkmalen von Polyelektrolyten und struktureller Mikromosaikheterogenität anzusprechen. Es wird ein Überblick über die vielfältigen Reaktionsmöglichkeiten dieser supramolekularen Verflechtungsstrukturen mit ihren molekularbiologischen Rezeptoren zu geben versucht. Dabei werden die physikalischen, chemischen (kolloidchemischen) und biostimulativen Aspekte erörtert. Neuere Untersuchungen zur Analytik von Bitumen und von natürlichen Phenanthrenderivaten werden mitgeteilt, da sie Ausblicke auf medizinische Verwendbarkeit solcher Substanzen ergeben. Gleiches gilt für die Huminstoffe, die Fulvosäuren, die Polyuronide. Weitere Mitteilungen befassen sich mit den Untersuchungsergebnissen von Sapropelen Für das synthetisierte Arzneipräparat “Torfenal”, das in den USA patentiert wurde, werden positive Therapieergebnisse, bei Kranken mit Psoriasis, Neurodermitis chronica circumsripta et disseminata sowie herdförmigen Ekzemen mitgeteilt.
Direct inversion of spectral CT data into a materials decomposition and the effect of multiple soft tissues (2014)

A one-step inversion algorithm for spectral computed tomography (CT) is developed that yields material decomposition maps from multi-energy X-ray transmission data as what could conceivably be measured with photon-counting X-ray detectors. This approach is potentially desirable because incorporation of many physical constraints can be implemented directly on the material maps. Use of such constraints may stabilize reconstruction from spectral CT data thereby improving noise properties. Performing the proposed one-step image reconstruction can also aid in design of spectral CT acquisition parameters such as setting energy window thresholds. This work specifically considers a dual energy acquisition, and the image reconstruction algorithm employs a two material decomposition, bone and brain. The test phantom is the FORBILD head with attenuation coefficients corresponding to bone and brain tissues, and the remaining soft tissue objects are assigned to water. The impact of the presence of the third material on the direct inversion from spectral CT data to the two-material decomposition is investigated.
The effects of Doppler broadening and detector resolution on the performance of three‐stage Compton cameras (2012)

The authors found the following: (1) DB is the dominant source of spatial and energy resolution loss in the CCs at all energy levels; (2) the largest difference in the spatial resolution of HPGe and CZT CCs is that the spatial resolution distributions of CZT have broader tails. The differences in the FWHM of these distributions are small; (3) the energy resolution of both HPGe and CZT three-stage CCs is adequate for PG spectroscopy; and (4) restricting the gammas to those having energy greater than 2.0 MeV can improve the achievable image resolution.
Reaction cross sections forN14+N14 (1982)

Excitation functions for the yields of eleven residual nuclei from the $^{14}\mathrm{N}$+ $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reaction have been measured over the range ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=7\ensuremath{-}25$ MeV in steps of \ensuremath{\sim} 250 keV with $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray techniques. The magnitude and energy dependence of the excitation functions for the partial yields are very different from those for the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+ $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ system. The total fusion cross section is similar to that from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+ $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ when compared at the same center of mass energy, but appears to saturate at an energy and magnitude which are lower than expected from previous systematics. Small, regular fluctuations can be seen in the fusion cross section at the 1-2% level.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{14}\mathrm{N}(^{14}\mathrm{N}, x)$; ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=7\ensuremath{-}25$ MeV; measured excitation functions for production of $A=16\ensuremath{-}27$ reaction products, observed small structures at ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=15.0, 17.1, 18.5, 20.4, \mathrm{and} 22.0$ MeV; deduced critical angular momentum for fusion.
Anomalous magnetoresistance in the spinel superconductor LiTi2O4 (2015)

LiTi2O4 is a unique compound in that it is the only known spinel oxide superconductor. The lack of high quality single crystals has thus far prevented systematic investigations of its transport properties. Here we report a careful study of transport and tunnelling spectroscopy in epitaxial LiTi2O4 thin films. An unusual magnetoresistance is observed which changes from nearly isotropic negative to prominently anisotropic positive as the temperature is decreased. We present evidence that shows that the negative magnetoresistance likely stems from the suppression of local spin fluctuations or spin-orbit scattering centres. The positive magnetoresistance suggests the presence of an orbital-related state, also supported by the fact that the superconducting energy gap decreases as a quadratic function of magnetic field. These observations indicate that the spin-orbital fluctuations play an important role in LiTi2O4 in a manner similar to high-temperature superconductors.
Femtosecond non-diffracting Bessel beams and controlled nanoscale ablation (2011)

We review our recent results applying the stable nonlinear propagation of nondiffracting Bessel beams to femtosecond laser ablation in dielectric materials. We describe our spatial light modulator setup that allows for flexible and reconfigurable beam profile synthesis, we interpret the physics in terms of the formation of a steady plasma channel, and we present results of both multishot and single shot machining.
Supplementary Data from The sTRA Plasma Biomarker: Blinded Validation of Improved Accuracy Over CA19-9 in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods: 1. Sandwich immunoassays on microarrays. 2. Processing the samples and the biomarker data. 3. Immunofluorescence on tissue microarrays. 4. Cell culture and measuring cell-surface sTRA and CA19-9. 5. Patient-derived xenografts. Supplementary Tables (provided as separate Excel files): Table S1. Training and validation set data. Table S2. Covariates. Table S3. Application of the specificity-optimized panel to the test set. Table S4. Application of the specificity-optimized panel to the test set. Supplementary Figures: Figure S1. Correlations between secreted levels and cellular expression. Figure S2. Individual marker performance in stage I-II and stage III-IV cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
Accurate determination of the Gibbs energy of Cu–Zr melts using the thermodynamic integration method in Monte Carlo simulations (2011)

The design of multicomponent alloys used in different applications based on specific thermo-physical properties determined experimentally or predicted from theoretical calculations is of major importance in many engineering applications. A procedure based on Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and the thermodynamic integration (TI) method to improve the quality of the predicted thermodynamic properties calculated from classical thermodynamic calculations is presented in this study. The Gibbs energy function of the liquid phase of the Cu–Zr system at 1800 K has been determined based on this approach. The internal structure of Cu–Zr melts and amorphous alloys at different temperatures, as well as other physical properties were also obtained from MCS in which the phase trajectory was modeled by the modified embedded atom model formalism. A rigorous comparison between available experimental data and simulated thermo-physical properties obtained from our MCS is presented in this work. The modified quasichemical model in the pair approximation was parameterized using the internal structure data obtained from our MCS and the precise Gibbs energy function calculated at 1800 K from the TI method. The predicted activity of copper in Cu–Zr melts at 1499 K obtained from our thermodynamic optimization was corroborated by experimental data found in the literature. The validity of the amplitude of the entropy of mixing obtained from the in silico procedure presented in this work was analyzed based on the thermodynamic description of hard sphere mixtures.
Impact of short‐term Dutasteride treatment on prostate‐specific membrane antigen expression in a mouse xenograft model (2021)

Short-term Dutasteride treatments with concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/kg significantly increase the total PSMA protein expression in a mouse LNCaP xenograft model. PSMA fluorescence intensity increases significantly even using lower daily concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg Dutasteride. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the impact of Dutasteride treatment on PSMA expression in patients.
Early Disseminated Lyme Disease Causing False-Positive Serology for Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: Report of 2 Cases (2017)

False-positive serology for Lyme disease was reported in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. Here we describe 2 patients with early disseminated Lyme disease who were misdiagnosed with infectious mononucleosis based on false-positive tests for primary Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Appropriate green phosphor of SrSi_2O_2N_2:Eu^2+,Mn^2+ for AC LEDs (2012)

An AC (alternating current) LED exhibited the advantages of a low drive current, low static electricity, lack of a need for a rectifier, and high extraction efficiency. The input operating voltage of an AC LED is around 80V, and its operating frequency is 120 Hz or less. When the voltage is converted, a time gap of 1/120 s (10 ms), called dead time, is generated. This time gap is closely related to the scintillation phenomenon. Therefore, AC LEDs that have a phosphor composition, whose half-life composition can compensate for dead time that is generated during the voltage conversion, are sought to solve the problem of scintillation. The object of this work is to provide a phosphor SrSi(2)O(2)N(2):Eu(2+),Mn(2+) for AC LEDs, in which the dead time that is generated during the voltage conversion is compensated for by the half-life of the phosphor.
[A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with necrotizing granuloma limited to intraorbital lesions]. (1992)

A patient of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) who developed intraorbital tumor without pulmonary and renal involvement was reported. A 52-year-old male has suffered from visual disturbance and right proptosis. Administration of betamethasone resulted in a temporary relief of his symptoms. However, following the reduction of steroid dosage, severe recurrence of ocular symptom occurred and his right sight was completely lost. On admission to our hospital, there were swollen eyelids and saddle nose. The CT scan demonstrated intraorbital tumors bilaterally associated with chronic sinusitis. The repeated biopsies of nasal mucosal lesions disclosed presence of a giant cell granuloma with necrotizing vasculitis. A diagnosis of WG had been made, so intermittent high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy were initiated. The size of the bilateral intraorbital tumors reduced with continuous cyclophosphamide therapy. At the last observation during 22 months after the initiation of cytotoxic therapy, there was no evidence of clinical and radiological recurrence. Three cases of WG with intracranial tumors in our hospital showed multiple cranial nerve palsy and poor response to corticosteroid therapy. The "limited form" without renal involvement has been known as a subset of WG with a relatively good prognosis. This report suggest the existence of further limited form with intracranial granuloma as a cardinal presentation of WG. Although the extent of granulomatous lesions are limited and progression is slow, the treatment by corticosteroid alone is not sufficient and as the systems form of WG, combined therapy with cyclophosphamide appeared to be indicated.
From where to how: assessing mechanisms of neural plasticity in patients with unilateral brain lesions (2007)

A set of different algorithms was involved to analyze the anomalous motor control in four young hemi-paretic patients with pre-and perinatally acquired brain lesions. The effects of a peculiar cerebral reorganization allow the patients to move the paretic arm. Patients performed a pinch grip using their paretic and non-paretic hands alternatively. EMG was simultaneously recorded as a basis for coherence calculations. 3D coherence mapping was performed in the beta frequency range. Such approach evidenced the relocation of motor functions from the lesioned (left) to the contralesional (right) hemisphere. While in case of left, non-paretic pinch grip, coherent activity originated from contralateral (right) Ml exclusively, right (paretic) grip, produced coherent activity in ipsilateral Ml as well as significant coherence of ipsilateral cerebellum. Coupling direction analysis demonstrated that throughout pinch grip the coupling direction goes from Ml to cerebellum.
270GHz, 580fs Optical Pulse Generation from a Single-section Quantum-Dash Fabry-Pérot Laser Using Frequency Multiplication (2009)

Pulse generation from a mode-locked single-section 1.55µm quantum-dash FP laser is demonstrated under continuous-wave operation. A 270GHz, 580fs pulse train is achieved by applying frequency multiplication using fiber dispersion.
Reduced Rate of Acute Diabetes Events with Flash Glucose Monitoring Is Sustained for 2 Years After Initiation: Extended Outcomes from the RELIEF Study (2022)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The RELIEF study has previously shown a fall in the rate of acute diabetes events (ADEs) in people living with type 1 diabetes (PwDT1) or people living with type 2 diabetes (PwDT2) in the 12 months after initiation of flash glucose monitoring (FLASH) in France. The 2-year follow-up has provided new insights on the frequency of ADEs, including severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), during use of FLASH. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The RELIEF study included 31,446 PwDT1 and 41,027 PwDT2 with a first delivery of FreeStyle Libre (FSL) between August 1 and December 31, 2017. Hospitalizations for DKA, severe hypoglycemia, diabetes-related coma, and hyperglycemia were recorded for the 12 months before and 24 months after FSL initiation. Persistence of the FSL system use was estimated through a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Change in usual blood glucose monitoring was estimated through acquisition of blood glucose test strips. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the 2 years after FSL initiation, hospitalizations for ADEs were reduced by 49% and by 48% in PwDT1 or PwDT2, respectively, driven by reductions in DKA. After 2 years, 88% of patients persisted with the system and estimated mean consumption of blood glucose test strips had fallen after 2 years by -82% and by -84% in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Use of FSL consistently reduces the rates of hospitalization for ADEs, mainly DKA, 2 years after initiation, confirming this is not a transitory effect. Use of FSL also results in a clear and progressive drop in use of blood glucose test strips over the 2-year period.