gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF 1-MINUTE POWER OUTPUT FROM UTILITY-SCALE PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION SYSTEMS (2014)

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a modeling approach to simulate time-synchronized, 1-minute power output from large PV plants in locations where only hourly irradiance measurements are available via satellite sources. The approach uses 1-min irradiance measurements from analogue sites in a similar geographic area. PV output datasets generated for 2007 in southern Nevada are being used for a Solar PV Grid Integration Study to estimate the integration costs associated with various utility-scale PV generation levels. Plant designs considered include both fixed-tilt thin-film, and single-axis-tracked polycrystalline Si systems ranging in size from 5 to 300 MWAC. Simulated power output profiles at 1-min intervals were generated for five scenarios (149.5
Authenticating with Attributes. (2008)

Abstract. Attribute based group signature (ABGS) is a a new generation of group signature schemes. In such a scheme the verifier could define the role of a signer within the group. He determines the attributes possessed by the member signing the document. In this paper we propose the first ABGS scheme with multi-authorities and define its security notions. We construct an ABGS that is proved to be fully traceable and fully anonymous. Our scheme is efficient and secure. 1
Changes in Conformation upon Agonist Binding, and Nonequivalent Labeling, of the Membrane-spanning Regions of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits (1989)

All four subunits of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are labeled by the lipid-soluble photolabel 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine [( 125I]TID) with different stoichiometries and levels of saturable modification sites, dependent on the conformational state of the AChR. This probe is specific for hydrophobic targets such as the membrane-spanning regions of intrinsic proteins. In the resting state, the gamma subunit is labeled 4.5 times greater and the beta and delta subunits 1.65-1.69 greater than the alpha subunit. Carbamylcholine-induced desensitization of the AChR lowers the level and alters the stoichiometry of [125I]TID incorporation into each subunit. This effect is shown to be specific in two ways. First, it is eliminated by prior equilibration with excess alpha-bungarotoxin, which does not change the [125I]TID-labeling pattern of the AChR from that of the resting state. Second, bacteriorhodopsin is labeled by [125I]TID to the same extent both in the presence and absence of carbamylcholine. The noncompetitive blocker phencyclidine does not alter [125I]TID labeling of the AChR relative to the resting state. The 43-kDa protein, which is believed to cross-link the AChR to the cytoskeleton at the synapse, is not modified by [125I]TID, in agreement with earlier conclusions that the 43-kDa protein is not an intrinsic membrane protein.
Antibody drug conjugates: Progress, pitfalls, and promises (2018)

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising and an efficient strategy for targeted cancer therapy. Comprised of a monoclonal antibody, a cytotoxic drug, and a linker, ADCs offer tumor selectively, reduced toxicity, and improved stability in systemic circulation. Recent approvals of two ADCs have led to a resurgence in ADC research, with more than 60 ADCs under various stages of clinical development. The therapeutic success of future ADCs is dependent on adherence to key requirements of their design and careful selection of the target antigen on cancer cells. Here we review the main components in the design of antibody drug conjugates, improvements made, and lessons learned over two decades of research, as well as the future of third generation ADCs.
Wing Rotation and the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect Flight (1999)

The enhanced aerodynamic performance of insects results from an interaction of three distinct yet interactive mechanisms: delayed stall, rotational circulation, and wake capture. Delayed stall functions during the translational portions of the stroke, when the wings sweep through the air with a large angle of attack. In contrast, rotational circulation and wake capture generate aerodynamic forces during stroke reversals, when the wings rapidly rotate and change direction. In addition to contributing to the lift required to keep an insect aloft, these two rotational mechanisms provide a potent means by which the animal can modulate the direction and magnitude of flight forces during steering maneuvers. A comprehensive theory incorporating both translational and rotational mechanisms may explain the diverse patterns of wing motion displayed by different species of insects.
Genetic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis spo Mutations Generated by Tn917-Mediated Insertional Mutagenesis (1987)

Mutations that cause sporulation defects (spo mutations) often identify developmentally regulated transcription units or genes whose products are required for the expression of sporulation-specific regulons. We report here the isolation, genetic analysis and phenotypic characterization of spo mutations produced by insertional mutagenesis with transposon Tn917, a form of mutagenesis that facilitates genetic and physical manipulation of mutated genes in many ways. Twenty-four insertional spo mutations were studied in detail. On the basis of transformation-mediated and transduction-mediated linkage analysis and a range of phenotypic tests, these mutations were assigned to 20 distinct loci, at least 9 of which are different from the 40 previously described spo loci. The insertional mutations caused blocks at a variety of different stages of sporulation, and therefore probably identify genes active at different times during sporulation. In addition to increasing substantially the total of known spo loci, we anticipate that this collection will include representatives of many of the temporally regulated sets of genes that comprise the overall program of sporulation-specific gene activation in Bacillus subtilis. Given the kinds of manipulations that are possible with genes disrupted by Tn917 insertions, this should significantly facilitate efforts to understand the regulation of these gene sets.
Postinfectious encephalitis: a coregistered SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging study. (2002)

EMMANUEL, ITTI M.D.*; KENNETH, HUFF M.D.†; MARCIA, CORNFORD E. M.D.‡; LAURENT, ITTI P h.D.§; KALYAN, PORURI M.D.*; FRED, MISHKIN S. M.D.* Author Information
Learning a model of facial shape and expression from 4D scans (2017)

The field of 3D face modeling has a large gap between high-end and low-end methods. At the high end, the best facial animation is indistinguishable from real humans, but this comes at the cost of extensive manual labor. At the low end, face capture from consumer depth sensors relies on 3D face models that are not expressive enough to capture the variability in natural facial shape and expression. We seek a middle ground by learning a facial model from thousands of accurately aligned 3D scans. Our FLAME model (Faces Learned with an Articulated Model and Expressions) is designed to work with existing graphics software and be easy to fit to data. FLAME uses a linear shape space trained from 3800 scans of human heads. FLAME combines this linear shape space with an articulated jaw, neck, and eyeballs, pose-dependent corrective blendshapes, and additional global expression blendshapes. The pose and expression dependent articulations are learned from 4D face sequences in the D3DFACS dataset along with additional 4D sequences. We accurately register a template mesh to the scan sequences and make the D3DFACS registrations available for research purposes. In total the model is trained from over 33, 000 scans. FLAME is low-dimensional but more expressive than the FaceWarehouse model and the Basel Face Model. We compare FLAME to these models by fitting them to static 3D scans and 4D sequences using the same optimization method. FLAME is significantly more accurate and is available for research purposes (http://flame.is.tue.mpg.de).
Regional Patterns of Gene Expression in Human and Chimpanzee Brains (2004)

We have analyzed gene expression in various brain regions of humans and chimpanzees. Within both human and chimpanzee individuals, the transcriptomes of the cerebral cortex are very similar to each other and differ more between individuals than among regions within an individual. In contrast, the transcriptomes of the cerebral cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum differ substantially from each other. Between humans and chimpanzees, 10% of genes differ in their expression in at least one region of the brain. The majority of these expression differences are shared among all brain regions. Whereas genes encoding proteins involved in signal transduction and cell differentiation differ significantly between brain regions within individuals, no such pattern is seen between the species. However, a subset of genes that show expression differences between humans and chimpanzees are distributed nonrandomly across the genome. Furthermore, genes that show an elevated expression level in humans are statistically significantly enriched in regions that are recently duplicated in humans.
Interactions between Large and Small Subunits of Different Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Isozymes of Escherichia coli (2009)

The large, catalytic subunits (LSUs; ilvB, ilvG and ilvI, respectively) of enterobacterial acetohydroxyacid synthases isozymes (AHAS I, II and III) have molecular weights approximately 60 kDa and are paralogous with a family of other thiamin diphosphate dependent enzymes. The small, regulatory subunits (SSUs) of AHAS I and AHAS III (ilvN and ilvH) are required for valine inhibition, but ilvN and ilvH can only confer valine sensitivity on their own LSUs. AHAS II is valine resistant. The LSUs have only approximately 15, <<1 and approximately 3%, respectively, of the activity of their respective holoenzymes, but the holoenzymes can be reconstituted with complete recovery of activity. We have examined the activation of each of the LSUs by SSUs from different isozymes and ask to what extent such activation is specific; that is, is effective nonspecific interaction possible between LSUs and SSUs of different isozymes? To our surprise, the AHAS II SSU ilvM is able to activate the LSUs of all three of the isozymes, and the truncated AHAS III SSUs ilvH-Delta80, ilvH-Delta86 and ilvH-Delta89 are able to activate the LSUs of both AHAS I and AHAS III. However, none of the heterologously activated enzymes have any feedback sensitivity. Our results imply the existence of a common region in all three LSUs to which regulatory subunits may bind, as well as a similarity between the surfaces of ilvM and the other SSUs. This surface must be included within the N-terminal betaalphabetabetaalphabeta-domain of the SSUs, probably on the helical face of this domain. We suggest hypotheses for the mechanism of valine inhibition, and reject one involving induced dissociation of subunits.
Indirect Determination of Fluid Filtration and Reabsorption in the Microcirculation of the Myocardium - Indirekte Bestimmung der Filtration und Reabsorption in der Mikrozirkulation des Myokards (1984)

Article Indirect Determination of Fluid Filtration and Reabsorption in the Microcirculation of the Myocardium - Indirekte Bestimmung der Filtration und Reabsorption in der Mikrozirkulation des Myokards was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 29, issue 5).
Bioasay for chemical toxicity using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

Multi-endpoint bioassay is a system for gathering information relative to the effects of newly synthesized chemicals and pollutants in the environment. To develop the multi-endpoint bioassay system, we estimated the effects of chemicals on growth ability (IC50), viability (LD50), stress protein induction, prion mutation, mitochondrial mutation, and chromosomal mutation using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. These endpoints showed characteristic values to 32 kinds of reference chemicals, and we classified the chemicals into seven groups according to the endpoints. We concluded that the yeast system has the potential to be a multi-endpoint bioassay relative to human health and the ecosystem in general.
Glass waveguide optical amplifiers (1990)

Rareearth--doped ionexchanged glass waveguides are produced and characterized. Their application as optical amplifiers is investigated. 3.
<title>Bias estimation for multisensor tracking</title> (2000)

The paper presents a method for the estimation of the bias errors of active and passive sensors used in connection with multisensor multitarget tracking. It is based on comparing the measurements of targets of opportunity, and does not require reference targets or reference sensors. The method handles bias errors that vary with time, and is suitable for on-line processing. The most essential ingredients of the method are: Including of a priori values and uncertainties; minimization of the appropriate function; linearization around nominal points; introduction of process noise; and quasi-recursive processing. Bias estimation is often difficult because of the limited observability of sensor biases, in the sense that there amy not be a unique set of biases that explains the relative errors between measurements. This problem is discussed, and it is illustrated by simulations how the presented method avoids these problems.
Overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene Smad4/DPC4 induces p21waf1 expression and growth inhibition in human carcinoma cells. (1998)

The Smad4/DPC4 protein functions as a key transcription factor in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathways. However, the downstream target genes regulated by Smad4/DPC4 have not been identified until now. We previously demonstrated that the loss of TGF-beta-induced p21waf1 expression and growth inhibition correlates with inactivation of the Smad4/DPC4 gene. Now we show that transient overexpression of Smad4/DPC4 can induce p21waf1 expression, specific Smad4 DNA binding activity, SBE4-luc reporter gene activity, and subsequent growth inhibition in Smad4/DPC4-null cells and other carcinoma cells in the presence or absence of TGF-beta. Taken together, these data show that p21waf1 is one of the Smad4/DPC4-regulated downstream target genes and suggest that overexpression of the Smad4/DPC4 gene can bypass TGF-beta receptor activation and reestablish one of the key regulatory controls of cell proliferation.
Production of O2(Δ1) in flowing plasmas using spiker-sustainer excitation (2006)

In chemical oxygen iodine lasers (COILs), oscillation at 1.315μm in atomic iodine (P1∕22→P3∕22) is produced by collisional excitation transfer of O2(Δ1) to I2 and I. Plasma production of O2(Δ1) in electrical COILs (eCOILs) eliminates liquid phase generators. For the flowing plasmas used for eCOILs (He∕O2, a few to tens of torr), self-sustaining electron temperatures, Te, are 2–3eV whereas excitation of O2(Δ1) optimizes with Te=1–1.5eV. One method to increase O2(Δ1) production is by lowering the average value of Te using spiker-sustainer (SS) excitation where a high power pulse (spiker) is followed by a lower power period (sustainer). Excess ionization produced by the spiker enables the sustainer to operate with a lower Te. Previous investigations suggested that SS techniques can significantly raise yields of O2(Δ1). In this paper, we report on the results from a two-dimensional computational investigation of radio frequency (rf) excited flowing He∕O2 plasmas with emphasis on SS excitation. We found that the efficiency of SS methods generally increase with increasing frequency by producing a higher electron density, lower Te, and, as a consequence, a more efficient production of O2(Δ1).
Comments on "A model for fatigue in ferroelectric perovskite thin films" published in Appl. Phys. Lett, 76, 1060 (2000); addendum, ibid. p.3655 (2002)

The paper comments on a paper by Dawber and Scott published in Appl. Phys. Lett, 76,1060 (2000) and addendum (ibid. p.3655), which addresses an important issue of the physics of ferroelectric thin films - the role of oxygen vacancies in polarization fatigue. It is shown that the content of this paper (starting equations, calculations, parameters used in calculations and the way the obtained results are compared to the experimental data available in the literature) enables questioning the results and conclusions reported in it.
Representation and detection of shapes in images (2003)

We present a set of techniques that can be used to represent and detect shapes in images. Our methods revolve around a particular shape represen-tation based on the description of objects using triangulated polygons. This representation is similar to the medial axis transform and has important properties from a computational perspective. The first problem we consider is the detection of non-rigid objects in images using deformable models. We present an efficient algorithm to solve this problem in a wide range of sit-uations, and show examples in both natural and medical images. We also consider the problem of learning an accurate non-rigid shape model for a class of objects from examples. We show how to learn good models while constraining them to the form required by the detection algorithm. Finally, we consider the problem of low-level image segmentation and grouping. We describe a stochastic grammar that generates arbitrary triangulated polygons while capturing Gestalt principles of shape regularity. This grammar is used as a prior model over random shapes in a low level algorithm that detects objects in images. 3 4
Tracking Fluid Flow In The Unsaturated Zone Using Cross-Borehole Resistivity And Ip (1993)

Contaminant plumes occurring in the unsaturated (vadose) zone often reach&lt;br&gt;ground-water aquifers, where they pose as a threat to human health. Current&lt;br&gt;hydrological methods of detection cannot adequately track the complex nature of&lt;br&gt;plume movement. A more useful and accurate method of tracking fluid flow is the&lt;br&gt;technique of resistivity and induced polarization (IP) tomography. Resistivity&lt;br&gt;tomography has been used in previous studies to reconstruct images of the vadose&lt;br&gt;zone. However, the use of IP data in a tomographical array to image the subsurface&lt;br&gt;is still under investigation. The study presented here attempts to explore the data&lt;br&gt;that can be obtained through IP measurements, which is complimentary to&lt;br&gt;information from resistivity image reconstruction.&lt;br&gt;Cross-borehole resistivity and II? experiments were carried out at the Avra&lt;br&gt;Valley Geophysical Test Site, west of Tucson, AZ, to follow water flow in the&lt;br&gt;unsaturated zone within a 30 m by 30 m sediment filled basin, The study involved&lt;br&gt;cross borehole resistivity and IP measurements using four, colinear wells, two&lt;br&gt;meters apart, to monitor the flow of 7600 gallons of tap water injected along a line&lt;br&gt;running the length of the basin.
An ultra-wideband indoor NLOS radio channel amplitude probability density distribution (2003)

The initial results of the development of an ultra-wideband (UWB) radio channel model based on an UWB radio channel measurement campaign carried out at IMST premises are summarised. The derived amplitude statistical model applies for pass band UWB signals under NLOS conditions. From stepped frequency transfer function measurements in the range from 1 to 11 GHz, employing wideband biconical antennas and successive windowed Fourier transform, radio channel responses were obtained in delay windows of approximately 160 ns width. In different locations the radio channel transfer function was measured over a spatial grid of 1500 mm times 300 mm and 10 mm resolution in both horizontal axes. The obtained data were used to verify the statistical model described.
1H NMR chiral analysis of benzhydrylamine derivatives using β‐cyclodextrin. Solution geometry of host‐guest complexes as determined by 1D NOE and ROESY experiments (1995)

Abstract The 1 H NMR chiral analysis of a series of benzhydrylamine derivatives was accomplished by means of β‐cyclodextrin as chiral resolving agent, forming the corresponding inclusion complexes in aqueous solution. NOE and ROESY experiments were used in order to establish the most probable host‐guest geometries in solution. In all cases studied, it was found that the phenyl groups of guest molecules preferably binds with the macrocyclic cavity of β‐cyclodextrin, thus forming ternary complexes (2:1, β‐cyclodextrin:guest) when two phenyl groups were present in the guest molecule.
Functional genomic screen of human stem cell differentiation reveals pathways involved in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration (2013)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be induced and differentiated to form a relatively homogeneous population of neuronal precursors in vitro. We have used this system to screen for genes necessary for neural lineage development by using a pooled human short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screen and massively parallel sequencing. We confirmed known genes and identified several unpredicted genes with interrelated functions that were specifically required for the formation or survival of neuronal progenitor cells without interfering with the self-renewal capacity of undifferentiated hESCs. Among these are several genes that have been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., brain malformations, mental retardation, and autism). Unexpectedly, a set of genes mutated in late-onset neurodegenerative disorders and with roles in the formation of RNA granules were also found to interfere with neuronal progenitor cell formation, suggesting their functional relevance in early neurogenesis. This study advances the feasibility and utility of using pooled shRNA libraries in combination with next-generation sequencing for a high-throughput, unbiased functional genomic screen. Our approach can also be used with patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural models to obtain unparalleled insights into developmental and degenerative processes in neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders with monogenic or complex inheritance.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Aryl Coupling of Triarylbismuthines under Air (1999)

Abstract Triarylbismuthines readily reacted with a catalytic amount of palladium(II) acetate in methanol under air to give the corresponding biaryls in high yields. The presence of oxygen was indispensable for this catalytic coupling, biaryl formation being quite slow under nitrogen. Oxygen absorption was observed during the reaction and a Pd-oxygen complex prepared separately worked effectively as a reagent for this coupling even under inert gas.
Kinetics of the heteroepitaxial growth of Ge on Si(001) (2002)

The kinetics of the growth mode transition from two-dimensional to islanding growth during Ge/Si(001) heteroepitaxy have been investigated by a combination of in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is found that the two-dimensional wetting layers undergo a morphological instability well before reaching the critical thickness. The layer instability appears to be strain driven and gives rise locally to the formation of intermediate clusters between the wetting layers and macroscopic islands. We provide evidence that such intermediate clusters are metastable both in view of structural and optical properties.