gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tin oxide surfaces. Part 14.—Infrared study of the adsorption of ethane and ethene on tin(IV) oxide, tin(IV) oxide–silica and tin(IV) oxide–palladium oxide (1985)

The adsorption of ethane and ethene onto tin(IV) oxide, tin(IV) oxide–silica, and tin(IV) oxide–palladium oxide at various pretreatment temperatures in the range 320–740 K has been studied by transmission infrared spectroscopy. In every case the ultimate surface product was a surface acetate, except in the case of ethane and tin(IV) oxide, where no evidence for adsorption could be obtained under any conditions. The proposed mechanism for the formation of acetate involves the oxidation of an initially formed surface ethoxide species, although this intermediate is thought to arise via dissociative chemisorption, with C—H bond fission in the case of ethane and an electrophilic addition of surface hydroxyl groups across the CC double bond in the case of ethene. Decomposition of the surface acetate to a surface carbonate occurs at temperatures > 580 K.
Femtosecond learning control of quantum dynamics in gases and liquids: Technology and applications (2003)

Abstract Obtaining active control over quantum-mechanical systems is a fascinating prospect in modern physics. In recent years, quantum control has developed as a means of actively controlling the outcome of light-matter interactions. The basic principles of adaptive femtosecond quantum control are discussed. Specifically shaped femtosecond laser pulses are used to direct the dynamical evolution of quantum wavefunctions into desired target channels. This is achieved in a ‘closed-loop’ implementation wherein experimental feedback signals are evaluated by a learning algorithm. In this iterative optimization scheme, knowledge of the Hamiltonian is not required. Specific experimental examples are automated compression of amplified femtosecond laser pulses and control of gas-phase molecular photodissociation in Fe(CO)5, CpFe(CO)2Cl and CH3CHOHCOOH. Additionally, selective control of molecular excitation is demonstrated under liquid-phase conditions. As a further technological development, the technique of femtosecond polarization pulse shaping is discussed briefly, which makes it possible to vary the polarization state of light, intensity and oscillation frequency in a flexible manner on an ultrashort timescale.
3D Bioprinted perfusable and vascularized breast tumor model for dynamic screening of chemotherapeutics and CAR-T cells (2022)

Abstract Despite substantial advancements in development of cancer treatments, lack of standardized and physiologically-relevant in vitro testing platforms limit the rapid and early screening of anti-cancer agents. A major barrier in this endeavor, is the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and host immune response and lack of predictive biomarkers for clinical benefit. To tackle this challenge, we have developed a dynamic-flow based three-dimensionally (3D) bioprinted vascularized breast tumor model, responding to chemo and immunotherapeutic treatments. Heterotypic tumor spheroids, comprising metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), precisely bioprinted at pre-defined distances from a perfused vasculature, exhibited tumor angiogenesis and cancer invasion. Proximally bioprinted tumors (∼100 μm) exhibited enhanced capillary sprouting, anastomosis to perfused vasculature and increased cancer cell migration as compared to distally bioprinted spheroids (∼500 μm). Proximally bioprinted tumors treated with varying dosages of doxorubicin for 72 h enabled functional analysis of drug response, wherein, tumors portrayed a dose-dependent drug response behavior with ∼70% decrease in tumor volume for 1 μM dose. Additionally, a cell based immune therapy approach was explored by perfusing HER2-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified CD8+ T cells for 24 or 72 h through the central vasculature. Extensive CAR-T cell recruitment to the endothelium and substantial T cell activation and infiltration in the tumor site, resulted in ∼70% reduction in tumor growth for high CAR treatment densities, after 72 h of treatment. The presented 3D model paves the way for a robust, precisely fabricated and physiologically-relevant 3D tumor microenvironment platform for future translation of anti-cancer therapies to personalized medicine for cancer patients. One Sentence Summary A physiologically-relevant 3D bioprinted perfusable vascularized tumor model capable of dynamic screening of chemo and immunotherapeutics.
Two different pathways for suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts along two distinct articular branches from the glenohumeral joint (2010)

Abstract No abtract.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Activating HER2 Mutations in HER2 Gene Amplification Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 22K&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Ultra‐High‐Pressure Annealing on Defect Reactions in Ion‐Implanted GaN Studied by Positron Annihilation (2022)

The cover image shows a schematic illustration of atom probe tomography (APT) of Mg-implanted GaN. Three arrows indicate the trajectories of field evaporated Ga, Mg, and N atoms from the surface of the tip-shaped specimen (bottom left) to a position-sensitive detector (top right). The 3D atom map of Mg implanted by sequential N-implantation after ultra-high-pressure annealing is shown top left, and a corresponding scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image is displayed bottom right. Complementary APT/STEM analysis reveals the Mg segregation at defects in the GaN specimen. For further details, see article number 2200183 by Akira Uedono and co-workers.
Microwave optical double resonance of NH2. VI. Ground state of NHD (1980)

Microwave optical double resonance studies of the ground vibronic state of NHD have been carried out. Both a-type rotational transitions between K doublet levels and magnetic dipole transitions between fine structure components have been observed. Analysis of the hyperfine structure completes the determination of the hyperfine coupling tensor for the proton. It is found that one of the principal axes of the tensor nearly coincides with the NH bond direction and that this magnetic dipole coupling tensor is reasonably consistent with the odd electron being in a p orbital on the N atom perpendicular to the molecular plane. The MODR observations have been combined with ground state combination differences from previous optical studies to give improved rotational and fine structure constants. It also has been possible to determine the magnitude of the off-diagonal component of the spin–rotation tensor, εab, as 1.07±0.09 GHz, from the mixing of states differing by 1 in Ka.
Retinoic Acid and α-Galactosylceramide Differentially Regulate B Cell ActivationIn Vitroand Augment Antibody ProductionIn Vivo (2011)

All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) promotes the maturation and differentiation of B cells, which are known as a type of professional antigen-presenting cells. We show here that CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that presents lipid antigens, is expressed in the mouse spleen B cells and is increased by RA. Thus, we hypothesized that RA and the CD1d ligand, α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), could interact to promote the differentiation, maturation, and antibody response of antigen-activated B cells. In isolated B cells, αGalCer alone markedly stimulated, and RA further increased B cell proliferation, synergizing with the B cell antigen receptor ligation via anti-μ antibody (P < 0.05). The significantly increased cell proliferation stimulated by αGalCer was abrogated in the B cells of CD1d-null mice. RA alone and combined with αGalCer also promoted B cell differentiation by the enrichment of sIgG1-, CD138-, and PNA/Fas-positive B cells (P < 0.05), suggesting a plasmacytic cell differentiation. In vivo, wild-type mice treated with RA and/or αGalCer during primary immunization with tetanus toxoid produced a higher serum anti-tetanus IgG response and had more bone marrow anti-tetanus antibody-secreting cells as determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (P < 0.05) in the secondary response, a finding indicative of heightened long-term memory; however, the increased antibody secretion after αGalCer treatment was abolished in CD1d-null mice. We provide evidence here that RA, together with αGalCer, can effectively regulate B cell proliferation and differentiation, ultimately promoting a more efficient antibody response to protein antigen. The results suggest that the combination of RA and αGalCer could be a useful adjuvant combination in vaccine strategies.
ACTR-46. HIGHER DOSES OF TTFIELDS IN THE TUMOR ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED PATIENT OUTCOME (2018)

PURPOSE: Imaging biomarkers to assess early treatment response in gliomas are important for guiding optimal clinical decision-making for individual patients, and as platforms for multi-institutional clinical trials of novel therapies. Current Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, rely on subjective, semi quantitative measurements with limited sensitivity and specificity in the early treatment phase. Previous diffusion imaging studies have indicated early sensitivity to treatment response, however optimum acquisition and analysis approaches have yet to be established. The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of advanced quantitative diffusion MRI derived from multi B-value acquisitions in the assessment of treatment response, using a spatially independent approach. METHODS: We used least-square fitting to model six diffusion parameters from mono-, bi-, and stretch-exponential models, and performed a histogram analysis of voxels located within ROIs defined by enhancing tumour and increased signal on FLAIR sequences. Histograms were generated for 10 patients with GBM at 3 time-points before, at 6 weeks, and 3 months treatment with standard-of-care regimen (RT with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide). Changes in the histograms percentile profiles were evaluated across the various time-points, back-projected onto MRI images for spatial correspondence, and compared with RANO assessment from structural MRI at the latest timepoint. RESULTS, DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: Percentile profiles changed over the course of therapy, reflecting known biological changes in the tumour microenvironment in response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy; these preliminary data suggest differential changes in diffusion parameters early in treatment. Spatially-independent diffusion parameter comparisons abrogate the confound of voxel misregistration due to tumour growth/ shrinkage. Further assessment of this dataset, augmented by on-going patient recruitment across multiple centres, will provide insight to the prognostic value of advanced diffusion MRI as a standardized method for treatment response assessment.
The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA): A single‐cell molecular map for translational therapeutics accelerator in Alzheimer's disease (2022)

We compiled an Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain cell atlas consisting of more than 1.1 million cells/nuclei transcriptomes from 26 data sets, covering major brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum) and cell types (e.g., neuron, oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, and microglia).We conducted over 1400 differential expression (DE) comparisons to identify cell type-specific gene expression alterations. Major comparison types are (1) AD versus healthy control; (2) sex-specific DE, (3) genotype-driven DE (i.e., apolipoprotein E [<i>APOE</i>] ε4/ε4 vs <i>APOE</i> ε3/ε3; TREM2<sup>R47H</sup> vs common variants) analysis; and (4) others. Each comparison was further followed by (1) human protein-protein interactome network module analysis, (2) pathway enrichment analysis, and (3) gene-set enrichment analysis.For drug screening, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis for all the comparisons with over 700,000 drug perturbation profiles connecting more than 10,000 human genes and 13,000 drugs/compounds.A total of over 400 analyses of cell-cell interactions against 6000 experimentally validated ligand-receptor interactions were conducted to reveal the disease-relevant cell-cell communications in AD.
Intraabdominal and retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcomas - outcome of surgical treatment in primary and recurrent tumors (2010)

The radicality of surgery is the most important prognostic factor. Patients with recurrence have an equally good prognosis as those with primary sarcoma if radicality is achieved and such surgery should not be considered only as a palliative effort.
Computer vision algorithms for intersection monitoring (2003)

The goal of this project is to monitor activities at traffic intersections for detecting/predicting situations that may lead to accidents. Some of the key elements for robust intersection monitoring are camera calibration, motion tracking, incident detection, etc. In this paper, we consider the motion-tracking problem. A multilevel tracking approach using Kalman filter is presented for tracking vehicles and pedestrians at intersections. The approach combines low-level image-based blob tracking with high-level Kalman filtering for position and shape estimation. An intermediate occlusion-reasoning module serves the purpose of detecting occlusions and filtering relevant measurements. Motion segmentation is performed by using a mixture of Gaussian models which helps us achieve fairly reliable tracking in a variety of complex outdoor scenes. A visualization module is also presented. This module is very useful for visualizing the results of the tracker and serves as a platform for the incident detection module.
Mono3D++: Monocular 3D Vehicle Detection with Two-Scale 3D Hypotheses and Task Priors (2019)

We present a method to infer 3D pose and shape of vehicles from a single image. To tackle this ill-posed problem, we optimize two-scale projection consistency between the generated 3D hypotheses and their 2D pseudo-measurements. Specifically, we use a morphable wireframe model to generate a fine-scaled representation of vehicle shape and pose. To reduce its sensitivity to 2D landmarks, we jointly model the 3D bounding box as a coarse representation which improves robustness. We also integrate three task priors, including unsupervised monocular depth, a ground plane constraint as well as vehicle shape priors, with forward projection errors into an overall energy function.
Potentiation of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Target Cell-Bound C3b (1979)

Abstract Antibody-dependent cytolytic effector lymphocytes are known to possess, in part, receptors for activated C3. Employing a model system consisting of 51Cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes and purified human peripheral lymphocytes, we investigated the effect of target cell bound C3b on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). At concentrations of anti-target cell antibody too low to cause effective ADCC, target cell bound C3b cooperated with antibody to produce marked target cell lysis. In the presence of a 1/6.25 × 106 dilution of antichicken erythrocyte rabbit IgG, cell lysis increased from 20% to 65% by the attachment of 18,000 C3b molecules per cell. C3b-dependent enhancement of ADCC was dose dependent. It was augmented by attachment of activated properdin (P̄) to the C3b-bearing target cells.
A MEDITERRANEAN DIET INTERVENTION ALTERS AGE-ASSOCIATED PHYSIOLOGY IN A NOVEL NON-HUMAN PRIMATE MODEL (2019)

Abstract Diet modifications are some of the most well-established aging interventions. For decades we have known that caloric restriction can dramatically increase lifespan and healthspan in organisms ranging from yeast to primates. More recently, other dietary modifications, including varying nutrient composition, have been experimentally shown to alter healthspan and lifespan. However, limitations inherent in human trials, such as diet adherence and heterogeneity of other lifestyle factors, mitigate our ability to identify the mechanisms through which diet alters healthspan and lifespan. Here, we conducted a randomized, long-term, whole-diet manipulation in a nonhuman primate, where cynomolgus macaques consumed either a Mediterranean or Western diet for 15 months. We hypothesized that individuals fed a Western diet would exhibit accelerated rates of cellular and physiological aging relative to their Mediterranean-fed counterparts. Indeed, we found that Western diet-fed animals exhibited increases in physiological measures that also increase with age, including body weight, fasting insulin, and triglycerides. Animals eating a Mediterranean diet, on the other hand, had a more sensitive and tuned autonomic response, and reduced HPA responses to an acute stress challenge. Probing further, we found that diet strongly affected monocyte function, altering the expression of 40% of expressed genes, leading to a more proinflammatory monocyte phenotype in Western diet fed animals. Experiments are underway to explore effects of diet on other markers of biological aging. Together, these data provide the first controlled evidence that Western and Mediterranean diets can alter aging-associated function in a species with clear biological similarity and relevance to humans.
Impact of Fe and Cu Surface Contamination on High Efficiency Solar Cell Processes (2014)

In wafer-based silicon solar cell technology cleaning of silicon surfaces has so far been treated without much interest – the cheapest, simple solution, which means mostly rinsing with or dipping into diluted acids (HCl, HF), was the best. Whatever worked was rarely further investigated. Hence, not much work has been published in the field of contamination control and cleaning process optimization and development. With solar cell efficiencies increasing and processes becoming more and more sensitive, the interest in quality control and optimization of cleaning processes is rising.
Integrated Circuits for Tape Recorder Operated by Single Dry Battery (1986)

The latest portable tape recorders must be more compact, light-weight, and operate on a lower power supply, no more than a single 1.5V dry battery. Some of the latest integrated circuits for play-only tape recorders can operate on a single 1.5V dry battery, but integrated circuits for record-and-play cassette tape recorders still require two such batteries.
Influence of Organizational and Project Practices on Design Error Costs (2012)

The organizational and project-related practices adopted by design firms can influence the nature and ability of people to perform their tasks. In recognition of such influences, a structured survey questionnaire was used to determine the key factors contributing to design error costs in 139 Australian construction projects. Using stepwise multiple regressions, the significant organizational and project-related variables influencing design error costs are determined. The analysis revealed that the mean design error costs for the sample projects were 14.2% of the original contract value. Significant organizational and project factors influencing design error included inadequate training for employees and unrealistic design and documentation schedules required by clients. From the findings, key strategies for reducing design errors that are attributable to organization and project-related practices are identified.
The Analytical Chemistry Advisory Boards (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTThe Analytical Chemistry Advisory BoardsJonathan V. SweedlerCite this: Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 13, 6171Publication Date (Web):June 18, 2014Publication History Published online18 June 2014Published inissue 1 July 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac501999nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac501999neditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (119 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Analytical chemistry,Separation science,Spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Recycling of Romanomermis Culicivorax (Mermithidae: Nematoda) in Rice Fields in California, USA1 (1985)

Several thousand metres of linear transects in rice fields in the Central Valley of California, USA, were inoculated with the postparasitic stage of the mermithid nematode Romanomermis culicivorax during the 1982 and 1983 mosquito breeding seasons. The nematode became established in all sites monitored and provided relatively high levels of control throughout the season following application. Romanomermis culicivorax successfully overwintered in 8 sites inoculated in 1982, providing a range of 0 to 32% sentinel infection in 1983. In 1984, overwintering along 15 transects inoculated in 1982 was documented (0 to 34% parasitism). High levels of recycling occurred along transects in a field that was fallow in 1983, indicating that some of the eggs laid by R. culicivorax may be highly resistant to desiccation. No definite correlation between recycling and biotic or abiotic factors could be made, although there are indications that mosquito larval density may play a pivotal role. Parasite dispersal from the point of application was minimal.
Generating thermodynamics phase diagrams using symbolic packages (2008)

The purpose of this paper is to use symbolic mathematical programs to help students studying phase equilibrium thermodynamics with the concept of phase diagrams. Given Gibbs free energy of a thermodynamic system, we illustrate the development of programs written in a known symbolic package (Mathematica) to solve and plot the system's phase diagram showing the spinodal (metastability curve) and binodal (coexistence curve). The program is written in a fashion that enables the students to provide the expression of free energy symbolically and to experiment with different scenarios.
Inverse Problems - Part A: Regularized Solutions 1 (2011)

An important key feature of inverse problems, both theoretically and numerically, is their illposedness. It is important to construct special algorithms for their solutions. The main differences which are inherent to the formulation and the resolution of the direct and inverse problems are presented and the general linear inverse problem analysis (finite dimensional case) is detailed through the investigation of the Hadamard’s conditions.Basic regularization processes which leads to build quasi-solutions satisfying some compromise between the accuracy and the stability requirements are briefly presented and illustrated by numerical results.