gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Intensity Ultrasound Mediated Liposomal Doxorubicin Delivery Using Polymer Microbubbles (2015)

Cardiotoxicity is the major dose-limiting factor in the chemotherapeutic use of doxorubicin (Dox). A delivery vehicle that can be triggered to release its payload in the tumoral microvasculature but not in healthy tissue would help improve the therapeutic window of the drug. Delivery strategies combining liposomal encapsulated Dox (LDox), microbubbles (MBs), and ultrasound (US) have been shown to improve therapeutic efficacy of LDox, but much remains to be known about the mechanisms and the US conditions that maximize cytotoxicity using this approach. In this study, we compared different US pulses in terms of drug release and acute toxicity. Drug uptake and proliferation rates using low-intensity US were measured in squamous cell carcinoma cells exposed to LDox conjugated to or coinjected with polymer MBs. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare the effects of low- and high-pressure US on Dox release kinetics; (2) to evaluate whether conjugating the liposome to the MB surface (DoxLPX) is an important factor for drug release and cytotoxicity; and (3) to determine which US parameters most inhibit cell proliferation and whether this inhibition is mediated by drug release or the MB/US interaction with cells. Low-pressure US (170 kPa) at high duty cycle (stable cavitation) released up to ∼ 70% of the encapsulated Dox from the DoxLPX, thus improving Dox bioavailability and cellular uptake and leading to a significant reduction in cell proliferation at 48 h. Flow cytometry showed that US generating stable oscillations of DoxLPX significantly increased cellular Dox uptake at 4 h after US exposure compared to LDox. Drug uptake was correlated with cytotoxicity at 48 h. Our results demonstrate that Dox-containing liposomes conjugated to polymer MBs can be triggered to release ∼ 70% of their payload using noninertial US. Following release, Dox became bioavailable to the cells and induced significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to nonreleased encapsulated drug. Our findings show promise for targeted drug delivery using this theranostic delivery platform at low US intensities.
Influence of Surface Densification of Wood on its Dynamic Wettability and Surface Free Energy (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Summary and Conclusions
Ion Trap Chips with 3D Optical Access for Experiments in Quantum Information. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Long-term preservation of fresh viable aortic valve homografts by freezing (1974)

Abstract A method of long-term storage of fresh homograft heart valves in liquid nitrogen (−195 °C) is described. The object is to preserve them in a viable state with unchanged structure. Five groups of valves were studied. Viability before and after freezing was assessed quantitatively by the use of autoradiography. Mitotic activity of the fibroblasts declined at a very slow rate in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, in which the valves were stored at +4 °C in a nutrient/antibiotic solution for periods between 24 hours and up to 6 weeks before freezing. The percentage of metabolically active fibroblasts declined more rapidly in valves from group 5, in which the valves had been stored for 8 weeks at +4 °C before freezing.
Applying Monte Carlo Simulation to Biomedical Literature to Approximate Genetic Network (2015)

Biologists often need to know the set of genes associated with a given set of genes or a given disease. We propose in this paper a classifier system called Monte Carlo for Genetic Network (MCforGN) that can construct genetic networks, identify functionally related genes, and predict gene-disease associations. MCforGN identifies functionally related genes based on their co-occurrences in the abstracts of biomedical literature. For a given gene g , the system first extracts the set of genes found within the abstracts of biomedical literature associated with g. It then ranks these genes to determine the ones with high co-occurrences with g . It overcomes the limitations of current approaches that employ analytical deterministic algorithms by applying Monte Carlo Simulation to approximate genetic networks. It does so by conducting repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results and to optimize these results. Moreover, it analyzes results to obtain the probabilities of different genes' co-occurrences using series of statistical tests. MCforGN can detect gene-disease associations by employing a combination of centrality measures (to identify the central genes in disease-specific genetic networks) and Monte Carlo Simulation. MCforGN aims at enhancing state-of-the-art biological text mining by applying novel extraction techniques. We evaluated MCforGN by comparing it experimentally with nine approaches. Results showed marked improvement.
Political Organization of the Soviet Power (1924)

A NY discussion of Russian-American relations necessarily involves a consideration of the political organization of the power now exercising control of the major portion of the territories of the former Russian Empire-the Soviet Federation. It is the purpose of this paper to answer the question: What is the Soviet Federation? The present organization of the Soviet power-the so-called Federation of Soviet Socialist Republics, was established by a treaty concluded on December 30, 1922, between the four Soviet Republics known as the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic, the Ukraine Socialist Soviet Republic, the White Russian Socialist Soviet Republic, and the Trans-Caucasian Federated Soviet Republic. The relations between these four states of the Federation are defined by a constitution which was promulgated on July 6, 1923, and definitely confirmed by the Second Federal Congress of Soviets on January 31, 1924. Prior to the creation of this new or-
A Heterogeneous In Vitro Three Dimensional Model of Tumour-Stroma Interactions Regulating Sprouting Angiogenesis (2012)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is an essential process for tumour progression and is an area of significant therapeutic interest. Different in vitro systems and more complex in vivo systems have been described for the study of tumour angiogenesis. However, there are few human 3D in vitro systems described to date which mimic the cellular heterogeneity and complexity of angiogenesis within the tumour microenvironment. In this study we describe the Minitumour model--a 3 dimensional human spheroid-based system consisting of endothelial cells and fibroblasts in co-culture with the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, for the study of tumour angiogenesis in vitro. After implantation in collagen-I gels, Minitumour spheroids form quantifiable endothelial capillary-like structures. The endothelial cell pre-capillary sprouts are supported by the fibroblasts, which act as mural cells, and their growth is increased by the presence of cancer cells. Characterisation of the Minitumour model using small molecule inhibitors and inhibitory antibodies show that endothelial sprout formation is dependent on growth factors and cytokines known to be important for tumour angiogenesis. The model also shows a response to anti-angiogenic agents similar to previously described in vivo data. We demonstrate that independent manipulation of the different cell types is possible, using common molecular techniques, before incorporation into the model. This aspect of Minitumour spheroid analysis makes this model ideal for high content studies of gene function in individual cell types, allowing for the dissection of their roles in cell-cell interactions. Finally, using this technique, we were able to show the requirement of the metalloproteinase MT1-MMP in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, but not cancer cells, for sprouting angiogenesis.
Real-World Effectiveness of a New Growing Up Milk on Digestive Comfort and Social-Emotional Outcomes Among Healthy Toddlers in China (2021)

Existing clinical evidence indicates infant formulas containing bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (MOS) promote soft stools and gut health among young infants. This prospective single-arm study aimed to assess effectiveness of a new growing-up milk (GUM) containing MOS and milk fat (naturally contains sn-2 palmitate) on digestive and social-emotional outcomes among healthy toddlers. Toddlers age 12–36 months were enrolled from an urban area in China to receive the GUM for 28 days. Overall digestive comfort (primary outcome) was assessed by the Gut Comfort Composite Score (GCCS; range 10–60 with increasing scores for higher GI burden) from the 10-item Toddler Gut Comfort Questionnaire (Meng 2019). Other parent-reported culturally relevant outcomes included heatiness based on individual symptoms via Child Heatiness Questionnaire (Sheng 2020; total score range 0–10), and social-emotional outcomes via 3-day mood diary and Children's Playfulness Scale (Li 1995; range 0–69). A total of 98 toddlers were enrolled and completed the study. While overall GI burden was low at baseline (mean ± SD GCCS: 15.7 ± 4.7; range 10–32), GCCS at post-baseline visits was further reduced (14.7 ± 4.7 at D7, p = 0.02; 13.5 ± 4.0 at D14, p < 0.001; 13.3 ± 3.6 at D28, p < 0.001). Parental report for child heatiness was reduced over study period (0.5 ± 1.2 at D28 vs. 1.0 ± 1.5 [range 0–7] at baseline, p = 0.002). Percentage of toddlers with heatiness (composite score > 0) was 40% at baseline and reduced to 26% by D28 (p = 0.011). Parents reported that their toddlers’ playful behaviors became more important to them by D28 from baseline (median [IQR]: 62 [13] vs. 58 [11.5], p = 0.002). Over 94% of parents reported their toddlers exhibited happy moods at each post-baseline visit, although not statistically different from baseline. Furthermore, lower gut comfort score was associated with more playful behaviors (p < 0.001) and happier mood during daytime (p < 0.001). Over 95% of parents reported their toddlers liked the taste of the GUM and felt happy when drinking it, while 98% of toddlers indicated they liked to drink the GUM. Consumption of a new GUM with MOS and milk fat is associated with improved gut comfort, increased importance of playfulness and reduced heatiness. Parents also reported happy toddler moods and high satisfaction. Sponsored by Wyeth Nutrition.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES—LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Placebo in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Insight Into Natural History and Implications for Future Clinical Trials (2008)

Background & Aims: Changes in biochemical and histologic parameters related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in placebo-treated patients may provide an insight into the natural history and help in defining treatment end points in NASH. The aim of our study was to assess the biochemical and histologic changes seen in the placebo arm of the randomized, placebo-controlled trials in adult patients with NASH. Methods: Medline was searched (through May 2008) for studies published in the English language. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of at least 6 months’ duration in patients with NASH that provided biochemical and/or histologic data of the placebo arm were included. One investigator performed the literature search and data extraction. Two investigators independently confirmed that the studies met prespecified criteria. Pooled estimates of biochemical and histologic parameters associated with NASH were calculated. Results: Five randomized controlled trials met the predefined criteria and included 162 placebo-treated and 189 active-treatment patients. The mean serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels decreased on placebo. A 1-point improvement in steatosis, ballooning degeneration, lobular inflammation, NASH fibrosis, and combined inflammation scores was seen in 31%, 15%, 33%, 22%, and 32% of patients, respectively. A 2-point improvement in NASH histologic scores is rarely seen. Conclusions: Serum alanine aminotransferase levels may decrease on placebo and is not a reliable measure of treatment response. Although a 1-point improvement is seen in a third of patients, a 2-point improvement in histologic parameters is rarely seen in the placebo arm and may be more reliable in assessing treatment response. These data may have important implications in designing future clinical trials in NASH.
Cost-sensitive regression-based recommender system (2015)

Collaborative filtering aims to predict the preferences of an active user from a database of available user preferences. These preferences are typically expressed as numerical ratings. However, existing recommender systems seldom suggest the appropriate recommendation with the predicted numerical ratings. In this paper, we propose a framework integrating the regression-based approach and the cost-sensitive learning to address this issue. Firstly, we employ the memory-based regression approach for binary recommendations. Secondly, we consider misclassification cost for determining the recommender behavior. Experimental results obtained on the well-known MovieLens data set show that the regression-based approach and the cost-sensitive learning are valid in computing the optimal recommender threshold.
Molecular Iodine Catalysed Benzylic sp3 C–H Bond Amination for the Synthesis of 2-Arylquinazolines from 2-Aminobenzaldehydes, 2-Aminobenzophenones and 2-Aminobenzyl Alcohols (2018)

Molecular iodine catalysed benzylic sp3 C–H bond amination has been developed for the synthesis of quinazolines from 2-aminobenzaldehydes and 2-aminobenzophenones with benzylamines. The use of oxygen as a green oxidant combined with the transition-metal-, additive- and solvent-free conditions makes the methodology economical and greener. The lack of aqueous work up also enhances the efficiency of this protocol. A series of 2-arylquinazolines was synthesised in good to excellent yields by using the developed protocol. 2-Amino­benzyl alcohols could also be employed to prepare the corresponding quinazoline derivatives.
A Case Study on the Impacts of Connected Vehicle Technology on No-Notice Evacuation Clearance Time (2017)

No-notice evacuations of metropolitan areas can place significant demands on transportation infrastructure. Connected vehicle (CV) technology, with real-time vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications, can help emergency managers to develop efficient and cost-effective traffic management plans for such events. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impacts of CVs on no-notice evacuations using a case study of a downtown metropolitan area. The microsimulation software VISSIM was used to model the roadway network and the evacuation traffic. The model was built, calibrated, and validated for studying the performance of traffic during the evacuation. The researchers evaluated system performance with different CV penetration rates (from 0 to 30 percent CVs) and measured average speed, average delays, and total delays. The findings suggest significant reductions in total delays when CVs reached a penetration rate of 30 percent, albeit increases in delays during the beginning of the evacuation. Additionally, the benefits could be greater for evacuations that last longer and with higher proportions of CVs in the vehicle stream.
The Human Motor Cortex Contributes to Gravity Compensation to Maintain Posture and During Reaching (2019)

Abstract How the neural motor system recruits muscles to support the arm against gravity is a matter of active debate. It is unknown how the neural motor system compensates for the changing gravity-related joint moments either when holding a steady-state posture or during movement between postural steady states, e.g., during reaching. Here we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to compare the roles that the human primary motor cortex plays in the muscle recruitment to compensate for gravity. We hypothesized that the motor cortex contributes to muscle recruitment to both maintain posture and to compensate for changes in gravitational passive joint moments during movement. To test this hypothesis, we used visual targets in virtual reality to instruct five postures and three movements with or against gravity. We then measured the amplitude and gain of motor evoked potentials in multiple muscles of the arm at several phases of the reaching motion and during posture maintenance. Stimulation below the resting motor threshold, calibrated to the biceps muscle, caused motor evoked potentials in all muscles during all postural and reaching tasks. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials was proportional to the motoneuronal excitability measured as muscle activity. The coefficient of proportionality was positively correlated with the postural component of muscle moment during posture and movement. Altogether our results support the hypothesis. The observed contribution of the motor cortex to the recruitment of multiple antagonistic muscles suggests a whole-limb strategy for overcoming passive gravity-related moments with both active muscle moments and muscle co-activation that modulates limb impedance. New &amp; Noteworthy Maintaining static posture and producing motion appear to be contradictory tasks for the nervous system. In contrast to this seeming dichotomy, our results show that the motorcortical control signals play the same role in both tasks when it is framed in biomechanical terms, i.e., muscle contractions needed to compensate for gravity.
A prospective clinical and transcriptomic feasibility study of oral‐only hormonal therapy with radiation for unfavorable prostate cancer in men 70 years of age and older or with comorbidity (2021)

For men with PCa undergoing RT, oral versus standard ADT may improve 6-month QOL and appears to have a similar impact on androgen-responsive gene expression.
Amorphous Photochromic Films for Near-field Optical Recording (2003)

A dithienylethene derivative having bulky substituents, 1,2-bis(5-(2,4-diphenylphenyl)-2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) was synthesized in an attempt to prepare photochromic amorphous films. 1a formed a stable bulk amorphous state at room temperature and the glass transition temperature was observed at 82°C. The conversion ratio from 1a to the closed-ring isomer (1b) upon irradiation with 303 nm light was as high as 73% in the amorphous film. Rewritable photon-mode near-field optical recording was demonstrated with the amorphous thin film of 1b.
Surface identification using the dichromatic reflection model (1991)

The author describes a method based on the dichromatic reflection model for identifying object surfaces. The surface spectral reflectance function of an inhomogeneous object is described as the sum of a constant interface (specular) reflectance and a body (diffuse) reflectance under all illumination geometries. The interface component is used to estimate the spectral power distribution of the illuminant without using a reference white standard, whereas the body component is used as the principal indication of the surface identity. The body reflectance function of each surface is recovered. A method to classify the observed reflectances is developed, and an algorithm to estimate a body reflectance function, unique to each surface, from the classified reflectances is proposed. The author shows the reliability of the surface classification method and the accuracy of estimated body reflectance function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Azotemia associated with use of lenalidomide in plasma cell dyscrasias (2008)

Azotemia associated with the use of lenalidomide, a new and effective therapy for multiple myeloma, has not been reported in patients with multiple myeloma. We describe five patients with plasma cell dyscrasias and renal insufficiency (AL amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance with Fanconi syndrome, and multiple myeloma) treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone who developed progressive azotemia. Onset of azotemia after initiation of lenalidomide was variable (2 weeks to several months) and was irreversible in four patients. Four patients required hemodialysis after exposure to lenalidomide; two previously were untreated for their plasma cell dyscrasia. The mechanism of azotemia is unknown, but the combination of potentially nephrotoxic paraproteins and lenalidomide, which is immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic, may underlie this process. We conclude that azotemia is an uncommon, but serious, potential complication of lenalidomide therapy in plasma cell dyscrasias with associated renal insufficiency. We advise careful monitoring of renal function after initiation of lenalidomide in this setting.
The investigation of inlet/nozzle flowfield coupling using compact propulsion simulators (1985)

An investigation of airframe/propulsion system flowfield coupling has been conducted in the Ames 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel at Mach numbers from 0.40 to 1.40 and at angles-of-attack from -2 to +20 deg. Propulsive flows were simulated by flow-through, jet-effects, and turbo-powered simulators (CMAPS) techniques. The configuration was a 10 percent scale model of a VSTOL canard/wing fighter configuration with twin podded engine nacelles and nonaxisymmetric nozzles. Localized flowfield interactions were present and inlet-nozzle flowfield coupling was identified at supersonic flight conditions. The configuration with simultaneous inlet and nozzle flow simulation (CMAPS) exhibited lower drag supersonically than the flow-through/jet-effects configuration. During this first wind tunnel application of twin simulators in a full aircraft configuration, the CMAPS and control system proved to be a flexible, reliable testing method.
Marx e a crítica à forma salário (2011)

O objetivo desse artigo é descrever, a partir da leitura de “O Capital”, a crítica de Marx a forma salário. Tal categoria é fundamental para encobrir e mistificar as relações entre capital e trabalho. A partir de uma feroz crítica a Economia Política, Marx afirma que fetiche da forma salário cumpre a função de ocultar a apropriação da mais-valia pelo capitalista. Por conseguinte, trata-se de uma forma fundamental para a manutenção das relações capitalistas de produção.