gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Starch-Stabilized Ag Nanoparticles and Hg2+Recognition in Aqueous Media (2009)

The starch-stabilized Ag nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a reduction approach and characterized with SPR UV/Vis spectroscopy, TEM, and HRTEM. By utilizing the redox reaction between Ag nanoparticles and Hg(2+), and the resulted decrease in UV/Vis signal, we develop a colorimetric method for detection of Hg(2+) ion. A linear relationship stands between the absorbance intensity of the Ag nanoparticles and the concentration of Hg(2+) ion over the range from 10 ppb to 1 ppm at the absorption of 390 nm. The detection limit for Hg(2+) ions in homogeneous aqueous solutions is estimated to be ~5 ppb. This system shows excellent selectivity for Hg(2+) over other metal ions including Na(+), K(+), Ba(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Fe(3+), and Cd(2+). The results shown herein have potential implications in the development of new colorimetric sensors for easy and selective detection and monitoring of mercuric ions in aqueous solutions. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11671-009-9387-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Early Preclinical Experience with a Novel Endobronchial Radiofrequency Ablation System for Lung Cancer Treatment (2019)

This paper introduces a novel technology for treating early-stage non-small cell lung cancer using an endobronchial approach via a flexible radiofrequency ablation (RFA) catheter. Methods - The RFA system consisted of an ablation catheter, radiofrequency generator, irrigation pump for infusion of hypertonic saline (HS) and a laptop. The catheter carried an occlusion balloon, a 5 mm long RF electrode, with irrigation holes, and a 1 mm long electrode for bipolar impedance measurements. The outer diameter was 1.4 mm for compatibility with current bronchoscopes, navigation systems and radial EBUS. The RFA system was extensively bench tested on fresh heart, liver and lung animal tissues using power levels of 30 - 60 W, RF energy delivery durations of 3 - 15 min and HS concentrations of 5% and 23.4%. Two swine were then treated at 60 W for 15 min per bronchus. Several bronchi were involved. For both animals and for all treatment sites, 20% HS was used. Animals were survived for six weeks. Results - Bench studies showed that 60 W, 7 - 15 min ablations can produce large ablation volumes, in excess of 3 - 4 cm diameter. In the chronic animal study, no clinically adverse events occurred. There was no evidence of hemorrhage. Animals vital signs, breathing patterns and their behavior were normal throughout the six-week period. Their appetite was normal and they gained weight according to expectations. The RF ablation created discrete volumes of thermal coagulative necrosis which were subsequently encapsulated ("walled off") by zones of organized fibrosis. The dimensions of coagulative necrotic sequestra met expectations, as at six weeks they exceeded volumes corresponding to 2 cm nodules, the size of tumors normally addressed in the peripheral lung by localized therapy. Conclusion - This therapy showed promise. Appropriate energy settings combined with suitable treatment locations safely produced large ablation volumes of uniform thermal coagulative necrosis. Further studies and optimization of treatment parameters can develop it into a mainstream therapy for treating early-stage lung tumors in humans.
Differential Sensitivity of C57BL/6 (M-1) and BALB/c (M-2) Macrophages to the Stimuli of IFN- γ /LPS for the Production of NO: Correlation with iNOS mRNA and Protein Expression (2006)

C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice are prototype hosts for the study of resistance and susceptibility to several infectious diseases. In many cases, resistance of C57BL/6 is due to the microbicidal effect of nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), mainly secreted by Th1 cells and macrophages, respectively. BALB/c, usually unable to give rise to Th1 lymphocytes, does not control certain infections. However, we and others have previously observed that regardless of the adaptive immune response, C57BL/6 (M-1) macrophages are far more sensitive to the stimulus of IFN-gamma-plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the production of NO than are BALB/c (M-2) cells, a feature that might also account for resistance. Here, we report that the differential production of NO by M-1 and M-2 macrophages correlates with the accumulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein, which shows that expression of iNOS is differentially regulated in M-1 and M-2 cells. The higher accumulation of iNOS mRNA in M-1 cells is independent of its stability, and, thus, it is possible that transcription of the iNOS gene in these cells may be more efficient than in M-2 cells. A remarkable finding is that the level of iNOS protein is much higher in M-1 macrophages than in M-2 cells, as compared with the mRNA levels, which makes us speculate that differential translational or posttranslational controls of iNOS gene are operative.
Kinetics of reconstructive austenite to ferrite transformation in low alloy steels (1992)

AbstractAbstractA thermodynamic model has been coupled with simplified kinetic theory, so that, subject to a number of assumptions, the one-dimensional parabolic thickening constant α1 for allotriomorphic ferrite growing from austenite can be estimated as a function of temperature and composition. To do this, kinetic theory for ternary Fe–C–X systems (where X represents a substantial alloying element) is extended to multicomponent alloys. Values of α1 calculated assuming local equilibrium and paraequilibrium are compared. Consistent with recent calculations, the slope of the α1 versus temperature plot is found to change abruptly on entry into the negligible partitioning local equilibrium regime, consistent with an increase in interfacial velocity. At very high supersaturations, the effect of the cross-terms in the diffusivity matrix appears to be small and only then can their effect be ignored. At temperatures below the Ae3′, the value of α1, calculated assuming local equilibrium, is less than that calculated assuming paraequilibrium. Classical nucleation theory is used to model the ferrite allotriomorphs as discs growing from prior austenite grain boundaries. It has been demonstrated that the model developed here can reproduce the C-curve behaviour typical of those parts of the time–temperature–transformation diagrams that are due to allotriomorphic ferrite, provided the paraequilibrium mode of transformation is assumed to be operative. This work therefore suggests that in multicomponent alloys, the state of true local equilibrium does not exist at the advancing interface. Some problems associated with the paraequilibrium mode of transformation during reconstructive growth are discussed.MST/1452
Microsatellite instability in B-cell lymphoma originating from Bloom syndrome (1996)

Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by lupus-like erythematous telangiectasias of the face, sun sensitivity, stunted growth infertility and immunodeficiency. In addition, BS patients are highly predisposed to cancers. Although recently the causative gene of BS (BLM) was identified as a DNA helicase homologue, the function of BLM in DNA replication has not been elucidated. In this study, p53 mutation and microsatellite instability in B-cell lymphomas originating from 2 sibling BS patients were investigated. In the originally developed tumor of both patients, no p53 mutation was detected. In one patient, however, after treatment by ionizing radiation the B-cell lymphoma recurred, showing a 9-bp deletion in exon 7. In lymphoma cells and an EB-virus-transformed cell line from BS lymphocytes of this patient, microsatellite instability was also detected from the reduced length of microsatellite DNA markers, although in the other patient microsatellite instability was not detected. Thus, 2 B-cell lymphomas, despite having the same BLM mutation, showed different phenotypes in terms of p53 mutation and microsatellite instability.
Aging Does Not Affect Brain Patterns of Repetition Effects Associated with Perceptual Priming of Novel Objects (2008)

This study examined how aging affects the spatial patterns of repetition effects associated with perceptual priming of unfamiliar visual objects. Healthy young (n = 14) and elderly adults (n = 13) viewed four repetitions of structurally possible and impossible figures while being scanned with blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although explicit recognition memory for the figures was reduced in the elder subjects, repetition priming did not differ across the two age groups. Using multivariate linear modeling, we found that the spatial networks of regions that demonstrated repetition-related increases and decreases in activity were identical in both age groups, although there was a trend for smaller magnitude repetition effects in these networks in the elder adults for objects that had been repeated thrice. Furthermore, repetition-related reductions in activity in the left inferior frontal cortex for possible objects correlated with repetition-related facilitation in reaction time across both young and elder subjects. Repetition-related increases of an initially negative response were observed for both object types in both age groups in parts of the default network, suggesting that less attention was required for processing repeated stimuli. These findings extend prior studies using verbal and semantic picture priming tasks and support the view that perceptual repetition priming remains intact in later adulthood because the same spatial networks of regions continue to show repetition-related neural plasticity across the adult life span.
Conversion of Carbohydrates in Herbaceous Crops during Anaerobic Digestion (2012)

The methane yields and conversion of pentoses (xylose) and hexoses (cellulose) in hemp, maize, and white lupin were studied over 30 days of anaerobic digestion. Preservation of hemp increased the methane yield by 23% compared with the fresh hemp. The increased methane yield of hemp was verified by the enhanced conversion of C6 sugars, increasing from 48% to about 70%, whereas the conversion of C5 sugars increased from only 9% to nearly 50%. The consumption of all carbohydrates in fresh maize was almost complete in the 30 days of anaerobic digestion. Hence, there was no major difference in carbohydrate consumption between fresh and preserved maize during biogas production. Fresh white lupin produced the highest methane yield (343 ± 33 dm(3) kg(-1) TS) in this work, mainly due to its highest amount of proteins. Conversion of C6 sugars was 80%, but that of C5 sugars was notably less at 46%.
[Evaluation of combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP for human gastric carcinoma transplanted into nude mice]. (1997)

Combined chemotherapy of 5-FU and CDDP is useful for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. To evaluate the efficacy of this chemotherapy, using human gastric carcinoma (NSC-30) maintained in the subcutaneous (sc) space in nude mice, we designed the following four experimental groups: 1) control group, 2) 5-FU group, 3) CDDP group, and 4) combined therapy group of 5-FU and CDDP (FP group). 5-FU (150 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal space for seven days using AlZet osmotic pumps. CDDP (9 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal space at one time. The tumor growth of drug administered groups was inhibited compared with the control group, especially in the FP group. Body weight and general condition of nude mice did not differ between groups. We also measured tumor concentrations of 5-FU and thymidylate synthetase (TS) total, free, inhibition rate between 5-FU group and FP group. The tumor 5-FU concentration of FP group was slightly higher than in 5-FU group, but the TS inhibition rate was almost the same. In conclusion, this combined therapy using Alzet osmotic pump is a useful drug sensitivity test as a conventional system.
Zur Kenntnis der Produkte der gemeinsamen Einwirkung von Schwefeldioxyd und Chlor auf aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe im ultravioletten Licht. V. Über den Einfluß des Umsetzungsgrades bei der Sulfochlorierung der höhermolekularen Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe auf die Bildung von Mono‐, Di‐ und Polysulfochloriden (1955)

Abstract Das Ausmaß der simultanen Bildung von Disulfochloriden bei der Sulfochlorierung von n‐Dodekan unter den Bedingungen eines 50proz. bzw. 100proz. Umsatzes wurde auf präparativem Wege ermittelt. Es wurde dabei festgestellt, daß im Gegensatz zur Chlorierung bei der Sulfochlorierung der Prozentsatz an Disubstitutionsprodukten immer niedriger gefunden wird als sich unter der Annahme einer unbeeinflußten Weiterreaktion bei der Disubstitution durch den schon vorhandenen Substituenten errechnen läßt.
[New target for the inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. Inhibition of myosin and actin activities via the apical membrane of parietal cells in dogs]. (2003)

This report aims to highlight drugs that are able to inhibit parietal cells from the luminal side, resulting in suppressed gastric acid secretion. Histamine 2HCl was i.v. given continuously to obtain a submaximal stimulation of gastric acid secretion. Wortmannin and ME 3407 (a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor) and cytocharasin D (actin polymerizing inhibitor) were locally applied to denervated gastric pouches prepared in dogs for 5 to 30 min. Each drug, administered 0.5 hr before or 1 hr after histamine infusion was commenced, significantly inhibited stimulated-gastric acid secretion in a time-dependent manner. The antisecretory effect persisted for more than 24 hrs in the case of Wortmannin and 9 hr in the case of ME 3407 at a dosage 1 and 3 mg/pouch for 30 min, respectively. ME 2407, however, had no antisecretory effect when i.v. administered after histamine infusion, or orally administered before histamine infusion. Such results strongly suggest that the apical membrane of parietal cells possesses a ME 4307, Wortmannin and cytocharasin D sensitive portion similar to the basolateral membrane that usually mediates gastric acid secretion. The apical membrane represents an intriguing target for developing new antisecretory drugs, as well as for elucidating the functional features of parietal cells.
Comparative genomics of eight Lactobacillus buchneri strains isolated from food spoilage (2019)

Our findings provide new insights into the genomics of L. buchneri through whole genome sequencing and subsequent characterization of genomic features, building a platform for future studies and identifying elements for potential strain manipulation or engineering.
Review. The endoplasmic reticulum: a target for new anticancer drugs. (2007)

In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal site for the folding and maturation of transmembrane, secretory and ER-resident proteins. Functions of the ER are affected by various intracellular and extracellular stimuli, which include inhibition of glycosylation, reduction of disulfide bonds, calcium depletion from the ER lumen, impairment of protein transport to the Golgi, and expression of mutated proteins in the ER. Under ER stress, unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, which induces conflicting cellular activities: survival and apoptosis. To cope with this stress, cells activate intracellular signalling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the ER-associated degradation (ERAD). However, under conditions of severe ER stress or when the UPR has been compromised, the cell may be incapable of maintaining ER homeostasis, which may eventually activate programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. Clinical data support the potential of drugs that inhibit the normal functions and homeostasis of the ER and the proteasome in treatment of malignancies like cancer. It is therefore reasonable to assume that manipulation of ER stress might enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and provide new anticancer targets like the ER and the proteasome.
Kinetics and mechanisms of NO{sub x}: Char reduction (1996)

This report conveys recent progress on two issues. The first concerns the prediction on char-NO reactivity in general. The work has been performed upon a literature review, supplemented by our own recent results. The second part has to do with more detailed issues related to the mechanism of the reaction. Specifically, it is concerned with how oxide desorption can affect the observed kinetics. The report is divided into two stand-alone sections, on each of the above two topics. This material recently served as a basis for two manuscripts prepared for presentation at an American Chemical Society National meeting.
Genetic Engineering Progresses in Plant Resistance to Salt Stress (2009)

Salinity is the main limitation factor for plant growth and crop production.Many approaches to enhance plant resistance to salinity by genetic engineering have been developed.Over-expressions of salt-tolerance related genes encoding proteins involved in signal transduction pathways,ion channels and compatible solutes synthesis for the stabilization of biological structures under salinity stress are the most often used strategies.The recent progresses in genetic engineering to improve salt tolerance in plants and the possible problems in researches was reviewed.
Spatial effect in a multiple IR photon decomposition experiment using a Gaussian laser beam (1983)

Since the IR multiple-photon decomposition probability of polyatomic molecules is a function of radiative fluence, the measured fraction of the dissociated molecules could be affected by the spatial distribution of radiation. In this paper the influence of the radiative distribution of a Gaussian beam on measured probability is investigated in detail. The main conclusions are that, for two special cases, namely, cylindrical beam and double-cone beam, one will be able to get information of the fluence dependence of real decomposition probability from measured energy dependence of average probability by means of a log–log plot. This article will be helpful for consideration of experimental conditions, summarizing of data, and comparison of the results of different experiments to avoid possible confusion.
Reconfigurable Grid Alu Processor: Optimization and Design Space Exploration (2010)

Currently few architectural approaches propose new paths to raise the performance of conventional sequential instruction streams in the time of the billions transistor era. Many application programs could profit from processors that are able to speed up the execution of sequential applications beyond the performance of current super scalar processors. The Grid Alu Processor (GAP) is a runtime reconfigurable processor designed for the acceleration of a conventional sequential instruction stream without the need of recompilation. It comprises a super scalar processor front-end, a configuration unit, and an array of reconfigurable functional units (FUs), which is fully integrated into the pipeline. The configuration unit maps data dependent and independent instructions simultaneously at runtime into the array of FUs. This paper evaluates the GAP architecture and optimizes the architecture, the number of FUs, and the configuration layers implemented in the array. The simulations show a significant speed-up for sequential applications on GAP in comparison to an out-of-order super scalar simulator (Simple Scalar). The GAP simulator outperforms Simple Scalar on average by about 50% on the basic architecture and about 100% with an extended version including configuration layers.
Spatial memory performances of aged rats in the water maze predict levels of hippocampal neurogenesis (2003)

Neurogenesis occurs within the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation and it has been proposed that the newly born neurons, recruited into the preexistent neuronal circuits, might be involved in hippocampal-dependent learning processes. Age-dependent spatial memory impairments have been related to an alteration in hippocampal plasticity. The aim of the current study was to examine whether cognitive functions in aged rats are quantitatively correlated with hippocampal neurogenesis. To this end, we took advantage of the existence of spontaneous individual differences observed in aged subjects in a hippocampal-dependent task, the water maze. We expected that the spatial memory capabilities of aged rats would be related to the levels of hippocampal neurogenesis. Old rats were trained in the water maze, and, 3 weeks after training, rats were injected with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd, 50 or 150 mg/kg) to label dividing cells. Cell proliferation was examined one day after the last BrdUrd injection, whereas cell survival and differentiation were determined 3 weeks later. It is shown that a quantitative relationship exists between learning and the number of newly generated neurons. Animals with preserved spatial memory, i.e., the aged-unimpaired rats, exhibited a higher level of cell proliferation and a higher number of new neurons in comparison with rats with spatial memory impairments, i.e., the aged-impaired rats. In conclusion, the extent of memory dysfunction in aged rats is quantitatively related to the hippocampal neurogenesis. These data reinforce the assumption that neurogenesis is involved in memory processes and aged-related cognitive alterations.
Impression store: compressive sensing-based storage for big data analytics (2014)

For many big data analytics workloads, approximate results suffice. This begs the question, whether and how the underlying system architecture can take advantage of such relaxations, thereby lifting constraints inherent in today's architectures. This position paper explores one of the possible directions. Impression Store is a distributed storage system with the abstraction of big data vectors. It aggregates updates internally and responds to the retrieval of top-K high-value entries. With proper extension, Impression Store supports various aggregations, top-K queries, outlier and major mode detection. While restricted in scope, such queries represent a substantial and important portion of many production workloads. In return, the system has unparalleled scalability; any node in the system can process any query, both reads and updates. The key technique we leverage is compressive sensing, a technique that substantially reduces the amount of active memory state, IO, and traffic volume needed to achieve such scalability.
Macrocyclic Melamine‐Based Ligand Complexes as Building Blocks for the Metal‐Directed Synthesis of Heterometallic Di‐ and Trinuclear Compounds (2002)

Abstract Heterodi‐ and heterotrimetallic Ni II /Cu II , Ni 2 II /Cu II and Ni II /Cu 2 II complexes of bis‐ and tris‐macrocyclic ligands, linked by a 1,3,5‐triazine spacer group, are obtained as products of copper( II )‐ or nickel( II )‐assisted condensations of the open‐chain tetraamine complexes [M 2 (2,3,2‐tet)] 2+ [2,3,2‐tet= bis‐ N , N ′‐(2‐aminoethyl)propane‐1,3‐diamine, M 2 = Ni II or Cu II ] with formaldehyde and the monomacrocyclic ligand complexes [M 1 (L 1 )] 2+ , where L 1 is a cyclam‐type macrocycle with a pendent melamine group (M 1 = Cu II or Ni II ). The spectroscopic (UV/Vis and EPR) and electrochemical properties of the oligonuclear heterometallic compounds in comparison with those of the homometallic analogues indicate small, but significant, intramolecular metal‐metal interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)