gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional use of palatal mini-implants. (2012)

ular as a source of stable anchorage in recent years because of their versatility, minimal invasiveness, and low cost.1-5 A major problem with orthodontic mini-implants, however, is their high failure rate, reportedly ranging from 10% to 30%.6-10 This might be a reason why such implants are generally regarded as suitable only for single treatment tasks. For primary stability, the best implant site is a region with high bone quality,11 covered with thin attached mucosa to allow adequate insertion depth.12 The median part of the anterior palate fulfills both of these requirements.13 High bone density, sufficient bone height,14,15 and a soft-tissue thickness of less than 1mm14 are generally available posterior to the incisive papilla. Another advantage of this region is that interference with the dental roots is unlikely.16,17 Miniscrews with diameters of 2-2.3mm and lengths of 9-11mm have been associated with higher survival rates and stability.18-23 Success rates can be further increased by coupling two miniimplants with a plate along the line of force.24 The improved stability and reliability of today’s mini-implants allow more complex treatment planning, in which skeletal anchorage can be used to accomplish multiple treatment goals either simultaneously or sequentially. This article illustrates various combinations of tooth movements that can be achieved using skeletal anchorage from multifunctional mini-implants with exchangeable abutments23 and plates24* inserted in the anterior palate.
Yeast may not contain histone H1: the only known ‘histone H1-like’ protein inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis a mitochondrial protein (1984)

It is likely that histone H1 is involved in the condensation of chromatin in eukaryotes. However, both the presence of histone H1 in yeast and the extent of yeast chromatin condensation are controversial. A 20 kD protein copurifies with yeast chromatin and was shown by other investigators to have characteristics of histone H1 protein. In an attempt to obtain a positive identification of the 20 kD protein, we purified the protein to homogeneity and raised antibodies against it. We show here by immunofluorescence that the 20 kD protein does not localize to the nucleus but to cytoplasmic particles resembling mitochondria. Furthermore, we show by Western-blot analysis that anti-20 kD protein antibodies react to protein isolated from purified mitochondria. Finally, we present evidence based on size, charge, amino acid composition and immunological cross reactivity to suggest that the yeast 20 kD protein is likely to be the mitochondrial DNA-binding HM protein. This leaves no candidate for histone H1 in yeast.
Neuroepithelial Stem Cells and Progenitors (2000)

This special issue focuses on recent advances related to stem cells and progenitors in the developing and adult brain. It contains new findings related to the development and fate of the proliferating cells of the central nervous system. Experiments dealing with both in vivo and in vitro results, primarily in cells from the mammalian forebrain,
The effect of allopurinol and low-dose thiopurine combination therapy on the activity of three pivotal thiopurine metabolizing enzymes: Results from a prospective pharmacological study (2013)

Allopurinol and thiopurine combination-therapy seems to increase HGPRT and decrease XO activity in IBD patients, which at least in part may explain the observed changes in thiopurine metabolite concentrations.
Transcription and Replication of Influenza Virion RNA in the Nucleus of Infected Cells (1987)

Influenza virus is a negative-strand RNA virus with a segmented genome. Consequently, the virion contains the enzyme system that transcribes the virion RNA (vRNA) segments into mRNAs. The mRNAs are not full-length copies of the vRNAs (Hay et al. 1977a,b), so that a different type of transcription is needed in the infected cell to generate full-length copies, or template RNAs, for replication. The synthesis of template RNAs and their subsequent copying into vRNAs require the synthesis of one or more virus-specific proteins (Barrett et al. 1979; Hay et al. 1982). All steps of virus-specific RNA synthesis occur in the nucleus of infected cells (Herz et al. 1981; Shapiro et al. 1987). Here, we describe some of our recent results on the mechanism of transcription and replication of influenza vRNAs.
All-Optical Reversible Azo-Based Wrinkling Patterns with High Aspect Ratio and Polarization-Independent Orientation for Light-Responsive Soft Photonics (2019)

Azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) can serve as building blocks for an emerging class of soft photonics. Using their photoresponses for the micro/nanofabrication of smart surface is a key but still a challenging step. Here, we report a simple visible-light-illumination strategy to trigger diverse configurations of surface wrinkling on azopolymer-based film/substrate systems, which can be switched between flat and wrinkled states by controlling the intensity of the incident light. Different photoresponsive characteristics of azobenzene are involved in driving the wrinkling/dewrinkling switch. For the first time, we achieve the controlled wrinkling with an unexpected high aspect ratio and surprisingly polarization-independent ordered orientation by exploiting the unique photosoftening effect of azobenzene. Theoretical analysis reveals that an in situ photoinduced reversible soft/hard-contrast boundary determines the wrinkling orientation, which is used to fabricate diverse on-demand hierarchical wrinkles. These photoresponsive systems find broad photonic applications that are not easily accessible to other systems, e.g., optically reversible smart display, information security, and well-regulated optical devices.
Impingement Heat Transfer by Jet Issuing from Cross-Shaped Nozzle. (1997)

Heat transfer characteristics and flow patterns were measured over the plate for various separation distances between the nozzle exit and target plate when the air issuing from a sharpedged cross-shaped nozzle impinges on the plate. The local heat transfer coefficients in the radial direction for different circumferential positions were calculated using the wall temperatures measured by means of thermocouples, and the flow patterns were observed using a oil-titanium IV oxide method. The isotherms of the infrared images were also measured using an infrared radiometer with a two-dimensional array of InSb sensors. The geometric axes were switched due to the self-induced velocity of a vortex filament ; the convex corners became flat and the concave corners generated outward ejection. The distribution of the iso-heat-transfer-coefficient contours corresponds well to the flow pattern and the isotherm contours. These contours extended diagonally and demonstrated the Andrew's cross pattern for the short separations, subsequently becoming the octagonal patten, and then becoming circular at large separations. The correspondence of the heat transfer characteristic to the flow behaviors, and the heat transfer mechanism were also described.
Lupeol and its esters: NMR, powder XRD data and in vitro evaluation of cancer cell growth (2018)

The triterpene lupeol (1) and some of its esters are secondary metabolites produced by species of Celastraceae family, which have being associated with cytotoxic activity. We report herein the isolation of 1, the semi-synthesis of eight lupeol esters and the evaluation of their in vitro activity against nine strains of cancer cells. The reaction of carboxylic acids with 1 and DIC/DMAP was used to obtain lupeol stearate (2), lupeol palmitate (3) lupeol miristate (4), and the new esters lupeol laurate (5), lupeol caprate (6), lupeol caprilate (7), lupeol caproate (8) and lupeol 3’,4’-dimethoxybenzoate (9), with high yields. Compounds 1-9 were identified using FT-IR, 1H, 13C-NMR, CHN analysis and XRD data and were tested in vitro for proliferation of human cancer cell activity. In these assays, lupeol was inactive (GI50> 250µg/mL) while lupeol esters 2 -4 and 7 - 9 showed a cytostatic effect. The XRD method was a suitable tool to determine the structure of lupeol and its esters in solid state. Compound 3 showed a selective growth inhibition effect on erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K-562) cells in a concentration-dependent way. Lupeol esters 4 and 9 showed a selective cytostatic effect with low GI50 values representing promising prototypes for the development of new anticancer drugs.
DESIGN OF THE DRAGON-I LINEAR INDUCTION ACCELERATOR (2002)

This paper describes the design of the Dragon-I linear induction accelerator (LIA) being built at Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP). The Dragon-I facility is an electron linac and consists of a -2.0MV/+1.5MV bi-polarity inductive adder injector, 68 accelerating cavities, pulsed-power system, beam-transport, control and auxiliary systems. It can produce an electron beam of 3 kA, 20 MeV with pulse width of 90 ns (FWHM). Good accelerating voltage pulse for each cavity with width of 120ns (FWHM) and up to 70 ns flattop within +/-1% variation have been obtained for high beam quality.
Measurement of Ge/Si Ratio of SiGe-Layer on Si Substrate Using Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (1993)

The analysis of the Ge/Si ratio and the depth profile in a SiGe/Si sample has been performed using the recently developed total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) apparatus. The TXRF measurement procedure is nondestructive, highly sensitive, requires no preparation, uses cassette-to-cassette operation, and provides depth information. It is used here to measure the Ge/Si ratio of SiGe molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) layers. The relationship between sample structure and the dependence of Ge-Lα and Si-Kα peak intensities on the glancing angle is studied. The Ge-Lα/Si-Kα peak intensity ratio is found to correspond to the Ge/Si atomic ratio as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
[Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment]. (1990)

The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is of poor prognosis in essential arterial hypertension, but it may regress under antihypertensive treatment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium antagonists, centrally acting antihypertensive agents and beta-blockers with low intrinsic sympathomimetic activity constantly reduce the left ventricular mass. This stands in contrast with diuretics and vasodilators which induce stimulation of the sympathetic and/or renin-angiotensin systems and usually have no effect on LVH. Animal experiments have shown that regression of LHV has no adverse effect on the myocardial changes aimed at correcting the LVH-associated abnormalities (collagen content, changes in isomyosins, density of beta-adrenergic receptors, etc.) and that it improves the coronary haemodynamics disturbed by LVH. In clinical practice, reducing the ventricular mass does not modify the left ventricular systolic function, usually improves the diastolic function precociously altered by LVH and seems to reduce the LVH-induced ventricular hyperexcitability. The regression of LVH under antihypertensive treatment should result in a lesser cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.
Cutting Edge: Egress of Newly Generated Plasma Cells from Peripheral Lymph Nodes Depends on β2 Integrin (2005)

During humoral immune responses, naive B cells differentiate into Ab-secreting plasma cells within secondary lymphoid organs. Differentiating plasma cells egress from their sites of generation and redistribute to other tissues, predominantly the bone marrow and mucosal tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that within peripheral lymph nodes newly generated plasma cells localize to medullary cords which express the beta(2) integrin ligand ICAM-1. In beta(2) integrin-deficient mice plasma cells accumulate inside the lymph nodes, resulting in severely reduced plasma cell numbers in the bone marrow. Since plasma cells isolated from beta(2) integrin-deficient animals migrate efficiently into the bone marrow when transferred i.v., our findings provide profound evidence that beta(2) integrins are required for the egress of plasma cells from peripheral lymph nodes.
Organization of future training in bariatric gastroenterology (2017)

A world-wide rise in the prevalence of obesity continues. This rise increases the occurrence of, risks of, and costs of treating obesity-related medical conditions. Diet and activity programs are largely inadequate for the long-term treatment of medically-complicated obesity. Physicians who deliver gastrointestinal care after completing traditional training programs, including gastroenterologists and general surgeons, are not uniformly trained in or familiar with available bariatric care. It is certain that gastrointestinal physicians will incorporate new endoscopic methods into their practice for the treatment of individuals with medically-complicated obesity, although the long-term impact of these endoscopic techniques remains under investigation. It is presently unclear whether gastrointestinal physicians will be able to provide or coordinate important allied services in bariatric surgery, endocrinology, nutrition, psychological evaluation and support, and social work. Obtaining longitudinal results examining the effectiveness of this ad hoc approach will likely be difficult, based on prior experience with other endoscopic measures, such as the adenoma detection rates from screening colonoscopy. As a long-term approach, development of a specific curriculum incorporating one year of subspecialty training in bariatrics to the present training of gastrointestinal fellows needs to be reconsidered. This approach should be facilitated by gastrointestinal trainees' prior residency training in subspecialties that provide care for individuals with medical complications of obesity, including endocrinology, cardiology, nephrology, and neurology. Such training could incorporate additional rotations with collaborating providers in bariatric surgery, nutrition, and psychiatry. Since such training would be provided in accredited programs, longitudinal studies could be developed to examine the potential impact on accepted measures of care, such as complication rates, outcomes, and costs, in individuals with medically-complicated obesity.
Use of Manganese Ores as Oxygen Carriers in Chemical-Looping Combustors for Solid Fuels (2016)

Manganese ores are highly promising oxygen-carrier candidates due to high reactivity and high availability. It has been observed that some manganese ores may be sensitive to attrition, and the challenge has thus become to find a highly reactive manganese ore, or combination of ores, with sufficient mechanical integrity. This study summarizes the operational experience with manganese ores achieved at Chalmers UT.In an early study using Buritirama manganese ore as oxygen carrier a in 10 kW unit for solid fuels, it was shown that the gas conversion using petcoke as fuel increased from 80% with ilmenite to 85% with Buritirama. Simultaneously, there was a four-fold increase in gasification rate resulting in much higher carbon capture efficiency. However, the mechanical stability of the Mn ore was inferior to ilmenite, judged by the production of fines. In a subsequent study, ilmenite was mixed with the Buritirama manganese ore during operation in a 100 kW unit. The mixture of ilmenite and manganese ore gave significant improvements in gas conversion in comparison to only ilmenite. The highest gas conversion observed during testing with bituminous coal was as high as 91.5%, as compared to 84% with only ilmenite during similar conditions in the 100 kW unit. Another three manganese ores were recently investigated in the 10 kW unit. These ores appeared to form less fines as compared to Buritirama ore. All oxygen carriers showed high performance and reached more than 90% gas conversion at relevant conditions, using wood char as fuel. The estimated lifetime of the oxygen carrier based on fines production was in the range of 100 to 300 hours – a considerable improvement compared to the Buritirama ore. The most promising of the three ores tested in the 10 kW unit, Sinfin, was selected for use in the 100 kW unit. 52 hours of operation with different fuels has been achieved with the new oxygen carrier, called Sinaus, which is similar but not identical in composition to Sinfin. Preliminary results show that gas conversion is higher, and solid-fuel conversion much higher than with ilmenite as oxygen carrier. The evaluation also shows that the lifetime is lower than for ilmenite.
Comparisons of chondroitin sulphate levels in orthodontically moved canines and clinical outcomes between two different force patterns (2015)

Purposes: The aims were to monitor remaining interrupted force magnitudes, and to compare chondroitin sulphate (CS) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of moved mandibular canines, rates of space closure and patients’ pain and discomfort between interrupted and continuous orthodontic force patterns. Materials and method: Fifteen Class I malocclusion patients (5 males and 10 females; aged 17.00 + 3.18 years) who required orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions, were recruited. Interrupted force pattern was generated by elastomeric chains, and continuous force pattern by Nickel-Titanium closed coil springs. Initial force magnitude was 120 g. Elastomeric chains were replaced by new ones at the end of fourth week during the loaded periods. During the unloaded and the loaded periods, remaining interrupted force magnitudes were measured, and those of continuous force pattern were calibrated and controlled. GCF samples were collected with Periopaper® strips. CS levels were measured by competitive ELISA with WF6 monoclonal antibody during the 8-week control, the unloaded and the 8-week loaded periods. Rates of space closure were measured, and amount of pain and discomfort was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results: Medians of interrupted force magnitudes were 120.0, 60.0, 50.0, 37.5 and 25.0 g, and after elastomeric chain replacement were 120.0, 62.5, 37.5, 25.0 and 25.0 g respectively. There were no significant differences in the median CS levels between the 8-week control and the unloaded periods, and between right and left mandibular canines. Medians of CS levels during the loaded periods, both interrupted and continuous force patterns, were significantly greater than those during the unloaded period (P=0.008 and P=0.027 respectively). Differences between medians of CS levels of interrupted and continuous force patterns during each 1-week loaded period were not significant. There was no significant difference in the rates of space closure, and the patients’ pain and discomfort between interrupted and continuous force patterns. Conclusion: Both interrupted and continuous force patterns, with 120 g initial force magnitude, cause no difference in biochemically-assessed bone remodeling activity, same rate of space closure and same patients’ pain and discomfort. Initial orthodontic force magnitude, of both interrupted and continuous force patterns, may play an important role for alveolar bone remodeling and clinical outcomes.
Temperature evolution of topological surface states in Bi2Se3 thin films studied using terahertz spectroscopy (2017)

We have measured the terahertz (THz) conductance of a 23 quintuple layer thick film of bismuth selenide (Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>) and found signatures for topological surface states (TSSs) below 50 K. We provide evidence for a topological phase transition as a function of lattice temperature by optical means. In this work, we used THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to measure the optical conductance of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>, revealing metallic behavior at temperatures below 50 K. We measure the THz conductance of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> as 10 e<sup>2</sup>/h at 4 K, indicative of a surface dominated response. Furthermore, the THz conductance spectra reveal characteristic features at ~1.9 THz attributed to the optical phonon mode, which is weakly visible at low temperatures but which becomes more prominent with increasing temperature. These results present a first look at the temperature-dependent behavior of TSSs in Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> and the capability to selectively identify and address them using THz spectroscopy.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial of Safety and Tolerability of Two Doses of Divalproex Sodium in Outpatients with Probable Alzheimers Disease (2005)

These results were used to design the multi-center ADCS trial. Doses of less than 1000 mg/day of divalproex sodium were the maximum tolerated by these outpatients with AD. A larger study of divalproex sodium dose tolerability is needed to define treatment in outpatients with Alzheimer's disease.
Ultra-selective 22-pole 10-transmission zero superconducting bandpass filter surpasses 50-pole Chebyshev filter (2002)

An ultra-selective filter for third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation wireless application is presented. The demonstrated filter consists of 22 resonators and five cross couplings that produce ten transmission zeros. The filter was designed at 1950-MHz center frequency with a 20-MHz bandwidth to meet existing 3G wireless applications. The measured filter data shows excellent selectivity, better than 30-dB/100-kHz skirt slopes, and 90 dB of rejection at 350 kHz from the band edge. This filter performance surpasses the performance of a 50-pole Chebyshev filter. In order to fit a large number of resonators into a limited wafer area, a new compact resonator was developed. The filter was fabricated using a YBCO thin film on a 2-in MgO wafer.
Temporal correlation of spontaneous hemodynamic activity in language areas measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (2014)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to investigate resting state connectivity of language areas including bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Thirty-two subjects participated in the experiment, including twenty adults and twelve children. Spontaneous hemodynamic fluctuations were recorded, and then intra- and inter-hemispheric temporal correlations of these signals were computed. The correlations of all hemoglobin components were observed significantly higher for adults than children. Moreover, the differences for the STG were more significant than for the IFG. In the adult group, differences in the correlations between males and females were not significant. Our results suggest by measuring resting state intra- and inter-hemispheric correlations, fNIRS is able to provide qualitative and quantitative evaluation on the functioning of the cortical network.
IA-32 execution layer: a two-phase dynamic translator designed to support IA-32 applications on Itanium/spl reg/-based systems (2003)

IA-32 execution layer (IA-32 EL) is a new technology that executes IA-32 applications on Intel Itanium processor family systems. Currently, support for IA-32 applications on Itanium-based platforms is achieved using hardware circuitry on the Itanium processors. This capability will be enhanced with IA-32 EL - software that will ship with Itanium-based operating systems and will convert IA-32 instructions into Itanium instructions via dynamic translation. In this paper, we describe aspects of the IA-32 execution layer technology, including the general two-phase translation architecture and the usage of a single translator for multiple operating systems. The paper provides details of some of the technical challenges such as precise exception, emulation of FP, MMX, and Intel streaming SIMD extension instructions, and misalignment handling. Finally, the paper presents some performance results.