gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Are Optimal Cesarean Section Rates in the U.S. and How Do We Get There? A Review of Evidence-Based Recommendations and Interventions (2017)

Cesarean sections (CSs) are the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world today. Global epidemiological studies from the last decade suggest that the optimal CS rates in developed countries exist somewhere between 15% and 19%. Despite these findings, CS rates in the United States have remained stable at slightly over 32% over the past 10 years. Using primary and secondary literature published from 2010 to 2015, this review discusses how optimal CS rates were developed. In addition, we define a category of potentially avoidable CS (i.e., those conducted on nulliparous low-risk women who present with vertex infants at term) and explore how CS in this population appear to be one of the main drivers of high CS rates overall. The institutional, provider, and patient-related factors, which may be related to higher-than-recommended rates of CS, particularly those conducted in low-risk women, will be discussed. This review will then delve into clinician and patient-oriented interventions that have been shown to effectively reduce the rate of potentially avoidable CS. Our analysis showed that large-scale, multifaceted interventions that include audit and feedback cycles as well as peer review strategies were the most effective in decreasing rates of potentially avoidable CS. This review concludes with an agenda for future research into interventions that aim to achieve optimal CS rates.
香港另類奇迹 : 董啟章的書寫/行動和《學習年代》 (2017)

董啓章是當代香港最重要的小説家。本文介紹董啓章在新世紀的《自然史三部曲》，並以最後一部《學習年代》爲重點。《自然史三部曲》描述香港進入現代的發生史和發展時史；《學習年代》側重青年學生面對香港歷史變化的思與行。本文討論此書的三項特色：董啓章對青春與香港在地啓蒙論述的思考；董與西方學者、作家從歌德到阿倫特的對話；教育成長小説與社會行動的關聯。
Visual-Manual Distraction Detection Using Driving Performance Indicators With Naturalistic Driving Data (2017)

This paper investigates the problem of driver distraction detection using driving performance indicators from onboard kinematic measurements. First, naturalistic driving data from the integrated vehicle-based safety system program are processed, and cabin camera data are manually inspected to determine the driver's state (i.e., distracted or attentive). Second, existing driving performance metrics, such as steering entropy, steering wheel reversal rate, and lane offset variance, are reviewed against the processed naturalistic driving data. Furthermore, a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) driving model is developed to predict vehicle speed based on the range (distance headway), range rate, and speed history. For each driver, the NARX model is then trained on the attentive driving data. We show that the prediction error is correlated with driver distraction. Finally, two features, steering entropy and mean absolute speed prediction error from the NARX model are selected, and a support vector machine is trained to detect driving distraction. Prediction performances are reported.
Deriving multi-agent coordination through filtering strategies (1995)

We examine an approach to multi-agent coordination that builds on earlier work on enabling single agents to control their reasoning in dynamic environments. Specifically, we study a generalization of the filtering strategy. Where single-agent filtering means tending to bypass options that are incompatible with an agent&amp;apos;s own goals, multi-agent filtering means tending to bypass options that are incompatible with other agents&amp;apos; known or presumed goals. We examine several versions of multi-agent filtering, which range from purely implicit to minimally explicit, and discuss the trade-offs among these. We also describe a series of experiments that demonstrate initial results about the feasibility of using multi-agent filtering to achieve coordination without explicit negotiation. 1 Introduction Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is concerned with effective interactions, and with the mechanisms by which these interactions can be achieved. Broadly speaking, two main approaches have be...
Type 1 von Willebrand disease: application of emerging data to clinical practice (2008)

There has been much recent data published on type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) predominantly from three multi-centre cohort studies. These data have influenced a revision of the classification of type 1 VWD and have important implications for the management of this disorder. Patients with low von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels tend to have VWF mutations and VWD is transmitted predictably within families. In patients with VWF levels close to the lower end of the normal range, candidate mutations are found less often, ABO blood group is a more important factor and the disease has variable heritability within families. The importance of bleeding symptoms, in addition to VWF levels, in the diagnosis of type 1 VWD has been highlighted.
A web-based graduate course on design-for-reliability of electronic systems (2003)

Today's product developers operate in a world of shortened design cycles in which quick time-to-market is essential. In such an environment, the luxury of improving reliability through multiple prototyping is a thing of the past. No longer is it possible to make a prototype, subject it to a series of standardized tests, analyze the failures, fix the design, and test again. Instead, new methods of reliability improvement have been developed that consider reliability up-front in the design cycle. Now the design can be analyzed and fixed before the first prototype is made. This new method of designing for reliability, however, requires a fundamental understanding of the chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical mechanisms that cause failure of electronics.
MicroRNAs as New Players in the Genomic Galaxy and Disease Puzzles (2008)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of short, single-stranded, highly conserved noncoding RNAs involved in gene regulation that can regulate gene expression through sequence-specific base pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs have been implicated in the development of a wide variety of cancers as well as heart disease and other diseases. This review describes the role of miRNAs in human disease, methodology for evaluating miRNA gene expression, and the potential role of miRNAs as therapeutic agents and targets for the treatment of disease.
Laptop photothermal reflectance measurement instrument assembled with optical fiber components (2007)

In this article, we propose a laptop photothermal reflectance measurement instrument assembled with optical fiber components. The primary feature of this instrument is that all of the optical routes for the pumping and probing beams, as well as the beam sources using a laser diode, are composed of optical fiber and optical fiber components. With this configuration, the problems related to the technical shortcomings of the conventional instrument can be solved completely. Our proposed instrument is also appropriate for in situ measurement of the thermoproperties of thin film. The dimensions of our instrument's case are 400 mm wide, 250 mm deep, and 60 mm tall, and its weight is approximately 1 kg, containing the power supply for driving the laser diode of the pumping beam and electronics for the detection of photothermal reflectance. These are at least 120 and 150 smaller than the volume and weight of the conventional commercial instrument, respectively. Nevertheless, it is only necessary to prepare a synchronous detection instrument for signal recovery (e.g., lock-in amplifier) with our instrument. To evaluate our instrument's thermoproperty measurement capability, we measured the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of Au thin film. The thermal diffusivity of 1.5-microm-thick Au film measured by our instrument matched previously reported values within a margin of error of a few percent.
Chylomicron remnant metabolism in human apolipoprotein E isoform specific transgenic mice and apo E isoform related Aß metabolism in cells (2016)

In man, apo E is expressed as 3 common isoforms E2, E3 and E4. Chylomicrons and their remnants (CR) are cleared rapidly from plasma by the liver by a process requiring apo E for binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor and other receptors. In vivo studies in mice show that the metabolism of CR was markedly increased when compared with either human apo E2, E3 or E4 transgenic mice indicating that mouse apo E is essential for the metabolism of remnant-like emulsions in mice. In vitro studies indicate binding of emulsion remnants to Hep G2 cells was less with recombinant apo E2 when compared with apo E3 or apo E4 isoforms. When apo E isoforms were derived from an E.coli expression system the binding of CR was less when compared with baculovirus derived apo E isoforms. Recombinant apo E2 (Arg136-&gt;Cys) was found to bind poorly to Hep G2 cells. Our results show that apo E3 and apo E4 but not apo E2 were essential for the binding, uptake and metabolism of CR with mouse apo E more important than human apo E in CR metabolism with the involvement of Aß peptide in apo E remnant-like emulsion metabolism in cells.
Extremely Stable Luminescent Crosslinked Perovskite Nanoparticles under Harsh Environments over 1.5 Years (2020)

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) are a very strong candidate emitter that can meet the high luminescence efficiency and high color standard of Rec.2020. However, the instability of perovskite NPs is the most critical unsolved problem that limits their practical application. Here, an extremely stable crosslinked perovskite NP (CPN) is reported that maintains high photoluminescence quantum yield for 1.5 years (>600 d) in air and in harsher liquid environments (e.g., in water, acid, or base solutions, and in various polar solvents), and for more than 100 d under 85 °C and 85% relative humidity without additional encapsulation. Unsaturated hydrocarbons in both the acid and base ligands of NPs are chemically crosslinked with a methacrylate-functionalized matrix, which prevents decomposition of the perovskite crystals. Counterintuitively, water vapor permeating through the crosslinked matrix chemically passivates surface defects in the NPs and reduces nonradiative recombination. Green-emitting and white-emitting flexible large-area displays are demonstrated, which are stable for >400 d in air and in water. The high stability of the CPN in water enables biocompatible cell proliferation which is usually impossible when toxic Pb elements are present. The stable materials design strategies provide a breakthrough toward commercialization of perovskite NPs in displays and bio-related applications.
Mode of Action of Pectin Lyase A of Aspergillus nigeron Differently C6-substituted Oligogalacturonides (2002)

A thorough investigation of the mode of action of Aspergillus niger (4M-147) pectin lyase A (PLA) on differently C(6)-substituted oligogalacturonides is described. PLA appeared to be very specific for fully methyl-esterified oligogalacturonides: removal of the methyl-ester or changing the type of ester (ethyl esterification) or transamidation resulted in (almost) complete loss of conversion. The PLA activity increased with increasing length of the substrate up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of 8 indicating the presence of at least eight subsites on the enzyme. Product analysis demonstrated the formation of several Delta 4,5 unsaturated products and their saturated counterparts. The Delta 4,5 unsaturated trimer was the main product up to DP 8. For DP 9 and 10 Delta 4,5 unsaturated tetramer was the major product. Based upon the bond cleavage frequencies, a provisional subsite map was calculated, which supports the presence of eight subsites. By limited alkaline de-esterification of fully methyl-esterified pentamer and hexamer two sets of partially methyl-esterified pentamers (x and y methyl groups) and hexamers (a and b methyl groups) were prepared. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis demonstrated that the methyl-ester distribution was fully random. Using these partially methyl-esterified oligogalacturonides as substrates for PLA a 10-fold decrease in reaction rate was recorded compared with the fully methyl-esterified counterparts. Analysis of the methyl-ester distribution of the products showed that PLA tolerates carboxyl groups in the substrate binding cleft. At either subsite +2, +4, or -1 to -4 a free carboxyl group could be tolerated, whereas methyl-esters were obligatory at subsite +1 and +3. So PLA is capable to cleave the bond between a methyl-esterified and a non-esterified galacturonic acid residue, where the newly formed Delta 4,5 unsaturated non-reducing end residue always contains a methyl-ester.
Understanding the dynamics of monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric α‐synuclein structures in water (2016)

Human α-synuclein (αS) is an intrinsically disordered protein associated with Parkinson's disease. Molecular mechanisms of corruptive misfolding and aggregation of αS resulting in the disease, as well as the structure and other properties of the corresponding oligomers are not entirely understood yet, preventing the development of efficient therapies. In this study, we investigate the folding dynamics of initially unfolded hypothetical αS constructs in water using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We also employ the novel essential collective dynamics method to analyze the results obtained from the simulations. Our comparative analysis of monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric αS models reveals pronounced differences in their structure and stability, emphasizing the importance of small oligomers, particularly dimers, in the process of misfolding.
Cerebrospinal fluid-based biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2012)

Abstract In conclusion, the last decade has seen tremendous advancements in biomarker discovery and validation in neurological disorders. While hypothesis-driven biomarker discovery efforts based on presumed mechanisms relevant to ALS have continued to make important contributions, the use of unbiased biomarker discovery efforts has led to new candidate biomarkers and opportunities. To date, the CSF-based biomarkers best verified in ALS include those related to axonal injury and inflammation. It is likely that for a heterogeneous disease such as ALS a multiprotein panel will be required to classify ALS from control groups and to monitor disease progression. We look forward to translation of validated biomarkers into the clinic to aid physicians in early diagnosis and improved methods to monitor disease progression and drug response.
In Vitro Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of S-013420 against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (2010)

The pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters and the antibacterial activity of S-013420, a novel bicyclolide, against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, including macrolide-resistant isolates, were investigated using an in vitro PD model. Various time-concentration curves were artificially constructed by modifying the PK data obtained in phase I studies. The activity against H. influenzae was evaluated using two parameters, that is, the area above the killing curve (AAC) and the viable cell reduction at 24 h. The relationships between the antibacterial activity of S-013420 and the three PK/PD parameters were investigated by fitting the data to the sigmoid maximum effective concentration model. The square of the correlation coefficient (R(2)) values for AAC versus the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24))/MIC, the peak concentration (C(max))/MIC, and the cumulative percentage of a 24-h period that the drug concentration exceeded the MIC under steady-state PK conditions (%T(MIC)) were 0.92, 0.87, and 0.49, respectively. The R(2) values for viable cell reduction at 24 h versus AUC(0-24)/MIC, C(max)/MIC, and %T(MIC) were 0.93, 0.61, and 0.56, respectively. These results demonstrated that AUC(0-24)/MIC is the most significant parameter for evaluation of the antibacterial activity of S-013420. The values of AUC(0-24)/MIC required for maximum and static efficacy were 10.8 and 9.63, respectively, for H. influenzae and 16.3 to 22.3 and 4.66 to 9.01, respectively, for S. pneumoniae. This analysis is considered useful for determining the AUC value at the infection site, which would be required for efficacy in clinical use.
The nucleotide sequence of the 5S RNA of chicken embryo fibroblasts (1975)

The nucleotide sequence of uniformly 32P-labelled chicken 5S RNA has been determined by analysing the end-products of T1 and pancreatic ribonuclease digestion. These oligonucleotides can be aligned by homology with the human sequence to give a sequence differing in only seven positions from that of Man. The sequence deduced here differs in two position from that previously published for chicken 5S RNA.
Removal of fluoride and arsenic by pilot vertical-flow constructed wetlands using soil and coal cinder as substrate (2014)

This study evaluated the performance of soil and coal cinder used as substrate in vertical-flow constructed wetlands for removal of fluoride and arsenic. Two duplicate pilot-scale artificial wetlands were set up, planted respectively with cannas, calamus and no plant as blank, fed with a synthetic sewage solution. Laboratory (batch) incubation experiments were also carried out separately to ascertain the fluoride and arsenic adsorption capacity of the two materials (i.e. soil and coal cinder). The results showed that both soil and coal cinder had quite high fluoride and arsenic adsorption capacity. The wetlands were operated for two months. The concentrations of fluoride and arsenic in the effluent of the blank wetlands were obviously higher than in the other wetlands planted with cannas and calamus. Fluoride and arsenic accumulation in the wetlands body at the end of the operation period was in range of 14.07-37.24% and 32.43-90.04%, respectively, as compared with the unused media.
A Targeted RNAi Screen for Genes Involved in Chromosome Morphogenesis and Nuclear Organization in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline (2002)

We have implemented a functional genomics strategy to identify genes involved in chromosome morphogenesis and nuclear organization during meiotic prophase in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. This approach took advantage of a gene-expression survey that used DNA microarray technology to identify genes preferentially expressed in the germline. We defined a subset of 192 germline-enriched genes whose expression profiles were similar to those of previously identified meiosis genes and designed a screen to identify genes for which inhibition by RNA interference (RNAi) elicited defects in function or development of the germline. We obtained strong germline phenotypes for 27% of the genes tested, indicating that this targeted approach greatly enriched for genes that function in the germline. In addition to genes involved in key meiotic prophase events, we identified genes involved in meiotic progression, germline proliferation, and chromosome organization and/or segregation during mitotic growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Theoretical Study of LaCu0.40Te2, NdCu0.37Te2, SmCu0.34Te2, GdCu0.33Te2, and DyCu0.32Te2. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improving data cache performance by pre-executing instructions under a cache miss (2014)

research-article Share on Improving data cache performance by pre-executing instructions under a cache miss Authors: James Dundas Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganView Profile , Trevor Mudge Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MichiganView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM International Conference on Supercomputing 25th Anniversary VolumeJune 2014 Pages 245–252https://doi.org/10.1145/2591635.2667173Online:11 July 1997Publication History 0citation75DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads75Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Pharmacophoric Fingerprint Method (TOPP) for 3D-QSAR Modeling:  Application to CYP2D6 Metabolic Stability (2006)

The application of a new 3-point pharmacophore-fingerprinting package (TOPP, Triplets Of Pharmacophoric Points) to develop QSAR models is discussed. In the CYP2D6 metabolic stability case, these 3D pharmacophoric fingerprints have shown to be as valid as other 3D descriptors and 2D features. Interestingly, it was found in the 3D models that the use of more realistic substrate conformations, by an additional docking step, did not improve the statistical results significantly. A detailed analysis of the generated pharmacophoric hypotheses is consistent with the previously proposed dual interaction mode of substrates within the active site of CYP2D6.
A thermomechanical relay with microspring contact array (2002)

A micromachined thermomechanical relay with Au microspring contact array is presented. Thermally excited Al-SiO/sub 2/ bimorph cantilevers have been fabricated with micromachining technology. Sputtered Au/Pt/Ti contacts are formed on the tip of the cantilevers and microheaters are built in the cantilevers. In order to reduce the ON-resistance and to avoid the metallic binding between Au contacts, Au microspring contact array is fabricated on Pyrex glass. The fabricated thermomechanical microrelay is operated with input power levels ranging from 20-80 mW at frequencies up to 3 kHz. The ON resistance R/sub ON/, that includes contact resistance and signal line resistance is in the range of 200-500 m/spl Omega/ and switching time is about 300 /spl mu/sec. 10/sup 7/ cycles operation has been performed keeping the R/sub ON/ around 300 m/spl Omega/.
Synthesis and properties of 1-deamino-8-L-homolysine-vasopressin (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of 1-deamino-8-L-homolysine-vasopressinGunnar Lindeberg, Jaroslav Kyncl, Patricia Dreyfuss, and Miklos BodanszkyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 6, 629–631Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00276a016Request reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (423 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts