gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Rat Hippocampal mRNAs Altered by the Mitochondrial Toxicant, 3-NPA (2005)

3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a model mitochondrial inhibitor that causes selective neurodegeneration in brain. 3-NPA-induced neurodegeneration occurs via a secondary neurotoxicity, caused initially by ATP depletion and redox changes in the cell. It is known that the hippocampal degeneration caused by mitochondrial dysfunction affects learning and memory, cognitive functions commonly disturbed in neurodegenerative diseases. The 3-NPA- treated animal model can be used to study molecular mechanisms underlying selective degeneration in the brain. In this study, a microarray approach was utilized to define changes in the expression of 530 genes in the rat hippocampus after acute exposure to 3-NPA at 30 mg/kg, sc. The microarray data were collected at 30 min, 2 h, and 4 h post-3-NPA. Statistical modeling using an ANOVA mixed model applied to Van der Waerden scores of rank-transformed intensity data was used to assign statistical significance to 44 transcripts. These transcripts represent genes associated with energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, the cytoskeleton, neurotransmitter metabolism, and other cellular functions. Changes in the transcripts of genes encoding 2 transporters [blood-brain specific anion transporter (Slco1c1) and sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter (Slc17a7)] were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. In conclusion, this study identified 2 new potential targets for enhancement of neuroprotection or inhibition of neurodegeneration associated with ATP depletion in the hippocampus.
Protective effects of a water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia and Agaricus blazei murill against X-irradiation in B6C3F1 mice: Increased small intestinal crypt survival and prolongation of average time to animal death (2005)

Radioprotective effects of a water-soluble extracts from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia (designed as MAK) and Agaricus blazei (Agaricus) against the shortening of survival time or the injury of crypt by X-irradiation were investigated in male B6C3F1 mice. MAK and Agaricus at three different doses were mixed into basal diet into biscuits at 5, 2.5 and 1.25% and administered from 1 week before irradiation. MAK (5% group) significantly prolonged animal survival as compared with basal diet group (control group) after 7 Gy of X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 2 Gy min(-1). At doses of 8, 10 and 12 Gy X-irradiation at a dose rate of 4 Gy min(-1) MAK (5% group) significantly increased crypt survival as compared to other groups. These results suggest that MAK can act as a radioprotective agent.
The Euclid VIS CCD detector design, development, and programme status (2014)

The focal plane array of the Euclid VIS instrument comprises 36 large area, back-illuminated, red-enhanced CCD detectors (designated CCD 273). These CCDs were specified by the Euclid VIS instrument team in close collaboration with ESA and e2v technologies. Prototypes were fabricated and tested through an ESA pre-development activity and the contract to qualify and manufacture flight CCDs is now underway. This paper describes the CCD requirements, the design (and design drivers) for the CCD and package, the current status of the CCD production programme and a summary of key performance measurements.
Efficient block-based motion segmentation method using motion vector consistency (2005)

This paper presents a new and efficient block-based motion segmentation method based on a novel motion vectors consistency model. In essence, the method utilizes the motion vectors extracted from the video encoding process and groups the associated blocks by region growing technique to achieve motion segmentation. A new motion vector consistency criterion is also introduced to support this block-based region growing mechanism. The proposed method was evaluated by the “Hall Monitor ” and “Table Tennis ” sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully segment the moving objects in the two video sequences, with each object being represented by reasonably good block-based boundary. In addition to that, it is also found that the motion segmentation method can operate together with a video codec to achieve simultaneous real-time video encoding and segmentation, demonstrating its potential in video surveillance applications and region-of-interest video encoding.
Measurements and metrics for multilayered displays (2003)

Immediate concerns in multi-layered display development centre around a method to describe and measure the trade-off between Moire interference, viewed as rainbow coloured bands, and image sharpness. Since displays are only wholly defined in conjunction with an observer, we need to find a map between what is perceived, what is measured and the actual design artefacts. A perceptually weighted metric describing the trade-off forms the central node. If we approach the node from the physical embodiment we need measurements and if we approach from the observer, we need to find out if what they are actually seeing is well described by the metric.
General Game Playing (2014)

General game players are agents able to play strategy games based solely on formal game descriptions supplied at run time. In other words, they do not know the rules until the game starts! Unlike specialized game players, such as Deep Blue, general game players cannot rely on algorithms designed in advance for specific games; they must discover such algorithms themselves. General game playing expertise depends on intelligence on the part of the game player rather than intelligence of the programmer of the game player.
Scaling laws for lens systems (1989)

Situations exist in the area of optical information processing where one may choose between either a single large lens or many small lenslets side by side. The choice will be influenced by many parameters, among others by the space-bandwidth product SW. The SW is an upper limit for the number of data channels which can be handled in parallel. Hence, we investigate the scaling behavior of the space-bandwidth product. Professional lens designers sometimes have viewpoints different from those of designers of systems for digital optics. That fact may justify this investigation, performed by a nonlens designer.
<title>Ultrasonic monitoring of injection molding and die casting</title> (1996)

On-line ultrasonic monitoring of polymer injection molding and aluminum die casting are presented. The flow front of molten polymer and aluminum inside the mold has been proved by a multiple-channel acquisition system with a time resolution up to 1 ms. This information may be used to control the plunger movement. The gap development, due to the shrinkage of the part in the mold, and the part solidification are also monitored for the understanding of the cooling process. As expected, it is observed that thicker sections take longer times to solidify. For injection molding, the relation between the gap formation time and packing pressure has been investigated. Since the temperature of molten aluminum is around 700 degrees C, ultrasonic waveguides are inserted into the die for the monitoring.
Abstract TMP40: Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Early Decannulation in Tracheotomised Stroke Patients With Dysphagia: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data From Randomised Controlled Trials (2020)

Background: Dysphagia is common after stroke and associated with a poor outcome. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) increased decannulation rates in tracheotomised stroke patients with dysphagia following ventilation in two trials. We report the results of an individual patient data meta-analysis assessing PES in severely dysphagic tracheotomised stroke patients. Methods: We searched for randomised controlled trials of PES in dysphagic tracheotomised stroke patients and obtained individual patient data for demographic and clinical (stroke severity, NIHSS; functional oral intake scale, FOIS; decannulation) variables from trialists. Data are number (%), median [interquartile range], mean (standard deviation) and mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Two completed trials were identified (n=30, PHAST-TRAC n=69 [funded by Phagenesis Ltd]), with data for 99 participants (PES 55, 56%; sham 44, 44%). Mean age 64 (13) years, female 40 (40%), NIHSS 18 [14-21], time from onset to randomisation 27 days [20-38], and FOIS=1 (nil by mouth). As compared with sham, PES was associated with an increased proportion of patients who were ready for early decannulation, 59% versus 11% (OR 11.4, 95% CI 3.86-33.33; p&lt;0.001) and improved FOIS score at discharge (MD 1.13, 95% CI 0.25-2.00; p=0.011). Treated participants who were ready for decannulation tended to have a shorter hospital length of stay: 23 vs 41 days (p=0.070) than those who were not ready. No device-related serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: PES was associated with an increased proportion of stroke patients who were ready for decannulation and less dysphagia, in two randomised trials.
Characterisation of waveguides written in bulk materials with femtosecond laser pulses (2004)

With the goal of fabricating photonic devices for optical networking applications, significant attention has recently been directed to the use of femtosecond laser pulses for inscribing optical components inside transparent materials. In particular, it has been demonstrated that a tightly focussed Ti: Sapphire laser pulse can induce a change in the refractive index inside bulk glass without damage. Using this mechanism it is possible to fabricate a range of waveguide devices; such as beam splitters, couplers and interferometers, inside a wide range of materials without the need for linear absorption. At CUDOS @ Macquarie we have fabricated and characterised a number of structures in a variety of glasses. A review of this research will be presented.
Keynotes: Towards Self-Explaining Digital Systems: A Design Methodology for the Next Generation (2018)

As digital systems get ever more complex, their behaviour may at times appear unfathomable. Users will only be prepared to accept this if they are convinced that the system does indeed work correctly. Thus, we argue the need for self-explaining systems: systems that are able to explain their behaviour, and the reasons for it. In this paper, we propose first steps towards a design methodology for such systems, and argue that beyond user acceptance, selfexplanation also has other applications such as self-verification and reconfiguration. We propose a conceptual framework for self-explaining systems, discuss how to achieve completeness, and consider implementation aspects.
Fingerprint biometric authentication based on local global graphs (2009)

In this work, we present a method for fingerprint based biometric authentication using the Local Global (LG) Graph methodology. Local graphs of the pre-processed fingerprint image are first calculated and combined to form a Global graph that is stored in a database for the purpose of authentication. The distance between the Global graphs of the presented and the stored fingerprint images is calculated and based on a threshold, subject authenticity is established.
Synthesis and Reaction of 1-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (2009)

The effective formation of 1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (5) by treatment of 2-(bromomethyl)pyrrolidine hydrobromide (4) with n-BuLi was established, with the reaction occurring by a rational reaction pathway via the open chain transition state 8 based on intermolecular Br...Li(+) coordination (SN2 process). The reaction of 5 with electrophiles 13a-n gave the corresponding pyrrolidines 14a-n and piperidine 6, 15a-g, i-n. The selectivity of the products in this reaction appeared to be controlled by equilibrium.
Minutes-fast Heterostructure Prototyping via 2D Material Printing: Electrical 2D-LED and Tunnel Junctions (2018)

Here, we demonstrate precise and cross-contamination free transfer of atomically thin layered materials by using 2D printer method. Our novel transfer technique shows immense opportunities in many diverse fields including integrated photonics.
"att vara där men ändå inte" - Distalt deltagande i universitet och högskola : En utforskande studie om studenters uppfattningar av distalt deltagande och dess inverkan på deras sociala hälsoförutsättningar. (2018)

Participation, learning and examinations in universities and universities are today fulfilled partly through technical aids such as digital platforms, recorded lessons and computerized systems. Sev ...
VARIABLE CONTROL of A BATCH RETORT and PROCESS SIMULATION FOR OPTIMIZATION STUDIES (1996)

A microcomputer was interfaced with a batch retort for digital PI control of the retort temperature. Six retort temperature profiles (three isothermal, sinusoidal, step, and ramp) were examined for processing pea puree to nearly the same lethality values in 211 × 400 cans. Thiamine content and steam consumption were measured. Thiamine retentions in non‐isothermal processes were greater than in the isothermal processes, but there was no significant difference in the steam consumption. Lethality and thiamine retention were also simulated using a finite difference model for the same heating profiles, with good agreement with experimental results. the simulation suggests that differences in thiamine retention due to differing heating regimes are significant only for large lethality values and smaller cans. For F 0 values smaller than 10 min, the simulation suggests that the sinusoidal heating regime will provide better thiamine retention. Limitations of the model and suggestions for future improvement are also discussed.
The Effect of Traces of Carbon Disulfide on the Yields of Grignard Reagents1 (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Traces of Carbon Disulfide on the Yields of Grignard Reagents1Frank C. Whitmore and Darwin E. BadertscherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 10, 4158–4160Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01337a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01337a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Fungal Product Terreic Acid Is a Covalent Inhibitor of the Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthetic Enzyme UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase (MurA), (2010)

Terreic acid is a metabolite with antibiotic properties produced by the fungus Aspergillus terreus. We found that terreic acid is a covalent inhibitor of the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic enzyme MurA from Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli in vitro. The crystal structure of the MurA dead-end complex with terreic acid revealed that the quinine ring is covalently attached to the thiol group of Cys115, the molecular target of the antibiotic fosfomycin. Kinetic characterization established that the inactivation requires the presence of substrate UNAG (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine), proceeding with an inactivation rate constant k(inact) of 130 M(-1) s(-1). Although the mechanisms of inactivation are similar, fosfomycin is approximately 50 times more potent than terreic acid, and the structural consequences of covalent modification by these two inhibitors are fundamentally different. The MurA-fosfomycin complex exists in the closed enzyme conformation, with the Cys115-fosfomycin adduct buried in the active site. In contrast, the dead-end complex with terreic acid is open, is free of UNAG, and has the Cys115-terreic acid adduct solvent-exposed. It appears that terreic acid reacts with Cys115 in the closed, binary state of the enzyme, but that the resulting Cys115-terreic acid adduct imposes steric clashes in the active site. As a consequence, the loop containing Cys115 rearranges, the enzyme opens, and UNAG is released. The differential kinetic and structural characteristics of MurA inactivation by terreic acid and fosfomycin reflect the importance of noncovalent binding potential, even for covalent inhibitors, in ensuring inactivation efficiency and specificity.
Sum frequency generation process for a new astronomical instrument (2014)

We propose an exotic use of sum frequency generation process (SFG) to develop a new kind of high resolution interferometer for astronomical imaging. SFG is well known to be intrinsically a noiseless non linear process of upconversion which permits a wavelength shift. Thereby we propose to shift astronomical MIR and FIR radiation to shorter wavelength where optical fibers and optical components are available and efficient. In order to demonstrate the validity of this method for high resolution imaging, we plan to set up a two-arm upconversion interferometer on the CHARA telescope array (California). Each arm would include an upconversion stage at the focus of telescope. The success of such a project is obviously conditioned by the quality of nonlinear components (waveguided PPLN) in term of efficiency and noise biases. Moreover, coherence study requires the use of identical non linear components which implies manufacturing constraints. To ensure the feasibility of this project, several studies have been conducted. By implementing an upconversion interferometer in laboratory we have recently demonstrated our ability to analyze the coherence properties of a 1550nm signal at visible wavelength. We also have successfully converted astronomical light using one arm of this interferometer at the Hawaï observatory. It showed the capability of our instrument to astronomical observing conditions in photon counting regime. A preliminary mission at CHARA observatory allowed us to check the compatibility of our instrument with the environment onsite and expected photometric levels. From these data we estimate to be able to study the coherence of astronomical target at 1550nm using such an instrument.
Audio-visual flow - a variational approach to multi-modal flow estimation (2005)

Just as a motion field is associated to a moving object, an audio field can be associated to an object that can behave as a sound source. The flow field of such a sound source which moves over time would not only have an optical component, but also an audio component; something we call audio-visual flow. In this paper we present a common structure tensor based variational framework for dense audiovisual flow-field estimation. The proposed scheme improves the rank of the local structure tensor by incorporating an audio information channel which is substantially uncorrelated from the complementing visual information channel. The scheme allows ascribing weights to individual sensor modalities based on the confidence in their corresponding measurements. Results are presented to demonstrate how combining multiple modalities in our proposed framework can provide a possible solution to temporary full visual occlusions.
Development of a New Process for Treating Uranium Mining Effluents (1985)

Decants from Canadian uranium mining tailings areas are treated to remove radium-226 prior to discharge into the environment. This paper describes the development of a new treatment process for these effluents. This new process differs from existing systems in that it involves the use of a fluidized bed to facilitate (Ba,Ra)SO4 coprecipitation on a granular medium of high surface area. No solids separation step is required, as the granular material is free draining. The new process has been demonstrated to provide radium-226 removal efficiencies consistently exceeding 90% in contact times of about 20 seconds. These short times are in contrast to times on the order of days for conventional pond systems or hours for mechanical systems involving stirred tank precipitation reactors.
ChemInform Abstract: New Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Modulators Based on 4‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐2(1H)‐pyrrolidino[3,2‐g]quinolinone. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immune to addiction: how immunotherapies can be used to combat methamphetamine addiction (2021)

<b>Introduction</b>: The concept of anti-methamphetamine (METH) immunotherapies is a few decades old. A substantial amount of information has been generated on the development of anti-METH immunotherapies, particularly in the preclinical stages of development of vaccines and monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments. However, the concept of treating METH use addiction with anti-METH immunotherapies is not well understood by many researchers or general readers. A series of questions commonly arise regarding the concept: how does it work? What is the antigen used? How exactly does the vaccine prevent METH addiction?<b>Areas covered</b>: This paper reviews the published articles relating to the mechanisms of METH use disorders, strategies used in the development of anti-METH immunotherapies, and the mechanism of action of these treatments. It provides clear explanations to questions surrounding the basis of anti-METH immunotherapies and contextualizes their development. It also identifies areas for future investigation to speed their translation into clinical use.<b>Expert opinion</b>: While METH immunotherapies, including vaccines and mAbs, have progressed significantly in the last 30 years, there are newer approaches that should be evaluated to improve their translatability. Approaches including nanoparticle vaccines, virus-like particles, and other novel methods should be fully evaluated as means of generating anti-METH immunity.
Enhanced reliability and other benefits with online security assessment (2001)

A new wide area protection system based on online security assessment performs the demand for increased utilization and flexibility in power transmission networks in a profitable way. Also, the increasing availability of advanced, multifunction measurement devices allows the development of comprehensive wide-area protection systems. The paper discusses a unique wide-area protection system that comprises multiple levels of system protection schemes. Digital methods allow the implementation of protection applications to cover a wide range of power system problems, including voltage stability, transfer capability, small signal stability and power quality. The system protection can provide significant savings in the form of higher utilization of transmission assets and reduced equipment and customer outages.