gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Target arm affinities determine preclinical efficacy and safety of anti-HER2/CD3 bispecific antibody (2020)

Systemic cytokine release and on-target/off-tumor toxicity to normal tissues are the main adverse effects limiting the clinical utility of T cell-redirecting therapies. This study was designed to determine how binding affinity for CD3 and tumor target HER2 impact the efficacy and nonclinical safety of anti-HER2/CD3 T cell-dependent antibodies (TDBs). Affinity was found to be a major determinant for the overall tolerability. Higher affinity for CD3 associated with rapidly elevated peripheral cytokine concentrations, weight loss in mice, and poor tolerability in cynomolgus monkeys. A TDB with lower CD3 affinity was better tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys compared with a higher CD3-affinity TDB. In contrast to tolerability, T cell binding affinity had only limited impact on in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. High affinity for HER2 was critical for the tumor-killing activity of anti-HER2/CD3 TDBs, but higher HER2 affinity also associated with a more severe toxicity profile, including cytokine release and damage to HER2-expressing tissues. The tolerability of the anti-HER2/CD3 was improved by implementing a dose-fractionation strategy. Fine-tuning the affinities for both the tumor target and CD3 is likely a valuable strategy for achieving maximal therapeutic index of CD3 bispecific antibodies.
Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Type 1A without Apparent Growth Hormone 1 Gene Deletion (1994)

We document a Japanese girl who, without apparent growth hormone (GH) -1 gene deletion, had a clinical phenotype identical to that of isolated growth hormone deficiency type 1A (IGHD-1A). The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage analysis of the patient and her family members indicates that her GH-1 gene is structurally intact, though the molecular basis of her GH deficiency remains to be determined. We suspect that several congenital disorders other than GH-1 gene mutations may be responsible for IGHD-1A phenotype.
Antimicrobial peptides in multiresistant respiratory infections (2018)

Antimicrobial peptides are small cationic molecules present in almost all living organisms. They show direct or indirect (immunomodulation) activity in a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms as members of the humoral arsenal of innate immunity. In mammals they play a significant role in respiratory airways. The most abundant antimicrobial peptides in the respiratory tract of mammals are lysozymes, lactoferrin, histatins, defensins and cathelicidins. Respiratory and pulmonary infections are combated, primarily, by antimicrobial peptides like LL-37 against Gram-negative bacteria, histatin 5 against Candida albicans and human peptides from neutrophils against adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza. This paper provides a review of the most important antimicrobial peptides in the respiratory tract and their use in the search for new effective agents against microorganisms that cause respiratory infections based on information published in MedLine, the Web of Science and Scopus in recent years.
GCN2 Protein Kinase Is Required to Activate Amino Acid Deprivation Responses in Mice Treated with the Anti-cancer Agent l-Asparaginase (2009)

Asparaginase depletes circulating asparagine and glutamine, activating amino acid deprivation responses (AADR) such as phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (p-eIF2) leading to increased mRNA levels of asparagine synthetase and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta homologous protein (CHOP) and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. The objectives of this study were to assess the role of the eIF2 kinases and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum resident kinase (PERK) in controlling AADR to asparaginase and to compare the effects of asparaginase on mTORC1 to that of rapamycin. In experiment 1, asparaginase increased hepatic p-eIF2 in wild-type mice and mice with a liver-specific PERK deletion but not in GCN2 null mice nor in GCN2-PERK double null livers. In experiment 2, wild-type and GCN2 null mice were treated with asparaginase (3 IU per g of body weight), rapamycin (2 mg per kg of body weight), or both. In wild-type mice, asparaginase but not rapamycin increased p-eIF2, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, and mRNA levels of asparagine synthetase and CHOP in liver. Asparaginase and rapamycin each inhibited mTORC1 signaling in liver and pancreas but maximally together. In GCN2 null livers, all responses to asparaginase were precluded except CHOP mRNA expression, which remained partially elevated. Interestingly, rapamycin blocked CHOP induction by asparaginase in both wild-type and GCN2 null livers. These results indicate that GCN2 is required for activation of AADR to asparaginase in liver. Rapamycin modifies the hepatic AADR to asparaginase by preventing CHOP induction while maximizing inhibition of mTORC1.
Facts and Hopes for Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2022)

Immunotherapy has made a significant impact in many tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC has been known to be immunoresponsive since the cytokine era of IFNα and IL2, but only a small number of patients had durable clinical benefit. Since then, discoveries of key tumor drivers, as well as an understanding of the contribution of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment (TME), has led to advances in drug development, ultimately transforming patient outcomes. Combinations of anti-angiogenic agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors are now standard of care. Current challenges include patient selection for immunotherapy combinations, resistance acquisition, and optimally sequencing therapies. Further discoveries about RCC biology, the TME, and resistance mechanisms will likely pave the way for the next generation of therapies.
Interleaved orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system (2002)

A new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system for wireless communications over frequency selective fading channels is presented. The proposed interleaved orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (IOFDM) system promises higher code rate as compared to the conventional OFDM system without bandwidth expansion and with very slight increase in computational complexity. Simulation results verify that the performance, in terms of bit error rate, of the proposed IOFDM system is very close to the conventional OFDM system.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 4‐(2‐Fluorophenoxy)quinoline Derivatives Bearing the 4‐Oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxamide Moiety (2013)

A series of 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives bearing the 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity against the H460, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, and SMMC-7721 cancer cell lines. Most of the tested compounds showed potent activity and high selectivity toward the HT-29 and MKN-45 cell lines. Furthermore, compounds 21b, 21c, and 21i were further examined for their c-Met kinase activity and exhibited strong efficacy with IC50 values in the single-digit nanomolar range, which was comparable with the positive control foretinib. The most promising compound 21c showed excellent cytostatic activity with IC50 values from 0.01 to 0.53 µM against all tested cell lines, thus being 1.7-2.2 times more active than foretinib.
Critical points of master functions and the mKdV hierarchy of type A^2_2 (2013)

We consider the population of critical points generated from the critical point of the master function with no variables, which is associated with the trivial representation of the affine Lie algebra $A^2_2$. We describe how the critical points of this population define rational solutions of the equations of the mKdV hierarchy associated with $A^2_2$.
ChemInform Abstract: ARENE‐METAL COMPLEXES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS: SYNTHESIS OF ACORENONE AND ACORENONE B (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend von o‐Methyl‐anisol (I) wird über die angegebenen Zwischenstufen das Nitril (VII) dargestellt, aus dem durch sukzessive Behandlung mit Cr(CO) 6 und Kohlenmonoxid die Diastereomeren (VIII) entstehen.
Oxidation Chemistry of Catechol Utilized in Designing Stimuli-Responsive Adhesives and Antipathogenic Biomaterials (2021)

Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) contain a large amount of the catecholic amino acid, DOPA, allowing the marine organism to anchor themselves onto various surfaces in a turbulent and wet environment. Modification of polymers with catechol imparts these materials with a strong, wet adhesive property. The oxidation chemistry and oxidation state of catechol are critical to the design of synthetic adhesives and biomaterials. In this Mini-Review, the effect of catechol oxidation state on adhesion, oxidation-mediated catechol cross-linking, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during catechol oxidation are reviewed. Finally, the tuning of catechol oxidation state in designing stimuli-responsive adhesives and the utilization of ROS byproducts for antimicrobial and antiviral applications are reviewed.
A survey of graphs in natural language processing (2015)

Abstract Graphs are a powerful representation formalism that can be applied to a variety of aspects related to language processing. We provide an overview of how Natural Language Processing problems have been projected into the graph framework, focusing in particular on graph construction – a crucial step in modeling the data to emphasize the phenomena targeted.
Effect of a novel environment on resting heart rate in panic disorder (1998)

Several studies have found higher resting heart rate among patients with panic disorder compared to healthy controls, whereas others have found no differences. It has been suggested that these differences may result from anticipatory anxiety. The purpose of this study was to compare the resting heart rates of 10 patients with panic disorder, 11 patients with social phobia, and 13 healthy controls during two consecutive visits to our laboratory. There were no significant differences between groups on resting heart rate on either day. However, patients with panic disorder did have significantly higher resting heart rates on day 1 versus day 2. This suggests that patients with panic disorder may experience greater anticipatory anxiety which is manifested in a higher resting heart rate than patients with social phobia or healthy controls. Implications for previous and future reports on resting heart rate measures in patients with panic disorder are discussed.
Modification of turbulence caused by cationic surfactant wormlike micellar structures in two-dimensional turbulent flow (2021)

An experimental study is performed to investigate the effects of the extensional rheological properties of drag-reducing wormlike micellar solutions on the vortex deformation and turbulence statistics in two-dimensional (2-D) turbulent flow. A self-standing 2-D turbulent flow was used as the experimental set-up, and the flow was observed through interference pattern monitoring and particle image velocimetry. Vortex shedding and turbulence statistics in the flow were affected by the formation of wormlike micelles and were enhanced by increasing the molar ratio of the counter-ion supplier to the surfactant, ξ , or by applying extensional stresses to the solution. In the 2-D turbulent flow, extensional and shear rates were applied to the fluids around a comb of equally spaced cylinders. This induced the formation of a structure made of wormlike micelles just behind the cylinder. The flow-induced structure influenced the velocity fields around the comb and the turbulence statistics. A characteristic increase in turbulent energy was observed, which decreased slowly downstream. The results implied that the characteristic modification of the 2-D turbulent flow of the drag-reducing surfactant solution was affected by the formation and slow relaxation of the flow-induced structure. The relaxation process of the flow-induced structure made of wormlike micelles was very different from that of the polymers.
Methods to Evaluate and Predict the Effects of Extreme Reservoir Compartmentalization, BNA Reservoir, Canada (2012)

Reservoir compartmentalization; fault compartments; production pressure histories; engineering data; subsurface flow; fault seal; fault network; fault baffle; fluid flow modeling Presentation will integrate geologic interpretation methods (including uncertainty) of a complexly faulted reservoir with subsurface fluid flow and pressure histories to constrain oil and water flow between fault block compartments
Preparation of a Floral Initiating Extract from Xanthium (1961)

An extract from lyophilized tissue of flowering Xanthium (cocklebur) plants initiates floral development when applied to Xanthium test plants maintained on long-day photoperiodic conditions. Details of the preparation of the extract are described.
Breaking of an Emulsion under an ac Electric Field (2009)

By using microfluidic chips, we investigate the stability regarding coalescence of droplet pairs under an electric field as a function of drop separation and ac field intensity. Three different regimes are found: stable, coalescence, and partial merging. From this, we identify the two breaking scenarios of a one dimensional train of droplets: in one case the coalescence front propagates; in the other case, in which pairs belong to the partial merging regime, the coalescence front can become heterogeneous. From these findings, we can propose a destruction mechanism for a macroscopic emulsion, which includes the packing condition for which total and immediate destruction is effective.
Long-term Inactive Data Retention through Tape Storage Technology (2009)

Increasingly the need to retain digital documents indefinitely for legal, administrative or historical purposes is simply leading to a "save everything forever" approach.The authors argue that due to the technological reasons it is much easier to preserve large amount of documents in the electronic than in the paper form.Thus the selection procedures tend to be less restrictive than they used to be.Nevertheless, for most organizations it would be impossible to sustain this data growth forever.Archives, libraries, museums, institutions holding cultural heritage, as well as other companies and firms, are implementing solutions for creating digital archives, digital libraries, digital repositories and other types of storage systems aiming at long-term preservation of digital materials.Most of the data held in such systems are inactive for a long time, i.e.only a small set of data is frequently retrieved.Therefore, due to the specific needs of every organization, the storage planning process and the technology that is going to be used for storage and long-term preservation requires individual approach.The focus of this paper is on the retention of the long-term inactive data through tape storage technology.The authors will discuss current state of the art tape storage capabilities, and their advantages and disadvantages as a long-term storage and preservation solution.
10.3: 4.0 Inch Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) Based Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) Display (2006)

Abstract We have developed a 4.0 inch pentacene organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) based active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. To achieve bright and uniform displays, we have investigated several process issues unique to OTFT‐based OLEDs. A bottom contact structure was used to fabricate the pentacene TFT backplane. Fine metal masking (FMM), laser ablation technique (LAT), and polyvinyl alcohol based patterning method were used to isolate the pentacene active layer. The low processing temperature (maximum 150°C) may allow the use of polymeric substrates and lower cost processing. Uniform TFT performance is achieved with reasonably good mobility and on/off ratio. The initial OLED display performance is also presented.
Postprandial concentrations of free and conjugated bile acids down the length of the normal human small intestine (1973)

Small intestinal samples were obtained by intubation from multiple sites along the small intestine in 11 subjects with no known gastrointestinal disease eating a normal diet and at laparotomy in a further three subjects. Free (unconjugated) bile acids were consistently demonstrated in ileal samples, and occasionally in lower jejunal samples, by thin-layer chromatography, supplemented in some cases by gas/liquid chromatography and by infrared spectroscopy. The free bile acid concentration, measured enzymically following thin-layer chromatography, reached a maximum (1 mM) in the lower ileum, where it represented half the total bile acid concentration. Following ampicillin, the concentration of free bile acids decreased markedly, suggesting that they resulted from bacterial deconjugation; at the same time the total bile acid concentration increased, suggesting impaired absorption due to the reduced concentration of the more rapidly absorbed free bile acids. Our results indicate that the presence of free bile acids in lower jejunal and ileal samples is a normal finding, and cannot be taken as evidence of abnormal bacterial overgrowth. They also suggest that bacterial deconjugation at these sites may be a factor contributing to the remarkable efficiency of bile salt reabsorption.
Visual Discrimination of Stochastic Texture Fields (1978)

Earlier experiments by Julesz et al. on visual discrimination are reviewed and extended in the context of texture analysis of natural images. Stochastic methods are developed for the generation of pairs of synthetic texture fields possessing multiple gray levels, significant spatial correlation, and joint moments or probability densities of controllable form. Results of several visual discrimination experiments with these computer generated texture fields are then presented. It is demonstrated, for the stochastic models investigated, that humans cannot effortlessly discriminate between pairs of spatially correlated texture fields with differing third-order probability densities when their lower order densities are pairwise equal. This is a further verification of Julesz's conjecture. Also, it is shown that human observers are sensitive to relatively small changes in the spatial autocorrelation function. Examples are presented of discriminable texture fields with identical means, variances, autocorrelation functions, and third-order nearest neighbor moments.
Holey fibers with random cladding distributions (2000)

We provide what is to our knowledge the first direct confirmation that light can be guided in a holey fiber with randomly distributed air holes in the cladding. We also show that many of the features previously attributed to periodic holey fibers, in particular, single-mode guidance at all wavelengths, can also be obtained with random holey fibers. We provide insight into exactly how sensitive a holey fiber's optical properties are to the details of the cladding profile.
Establishing a Protocol to Observe Leadership Behaviors Within Engineering Design Teams (2018)

The purpose of this study is to establish a protocol capable of identifying functional leadership behaviors in engineering design teams. The protocol is developed from a literature review that includes general leadership theory and research performed on collaborative design teams. Three different raters applied the leadership protocol to a video recording of a graduate student team performing a function structure modeling activity. The results of the study demonstrate that the protocol has a high amount of intra-rater agreement and an acceptable level of interrater reliability. Additionally, the pilot study revealed that clarification and refinement of the protocol with respect to leader/follower behaviors can improve rater agreement. Finally, changes to the protocol are proposed to map leadership behaviors to the design space the team is working in and the design activities that the team is performing.
Sphinx (2015)

This paper presents Sphinx, a full-fledged distributed system which uses a standard SQL interface to process big spatial data. Sphinx adds spatial data types, indexes and query processing, inside the code-base of Cloudera Impala for efficient processing of spatial data. In particular, Sphinx is composed of four main components, namely, query parser, indexer, query planner, and query executor. The query parser injects spatial data types and functions in the SQL interface of Sphinx. The indexer creates spatial indexes in Sphinx by adopting a two-layered index design. The query planner utilizes these indexes to construct efficient query plans for range query and spatial join operations. Finally, the query executor carries out these plans on big spatial datasets in a distributed cluster. A system prototype of Sphinx running on real datasets shows up-to three orders of magnitude performance improvement over traditional Impala.
In vivo blood flow visualization with magnetic resonance imaging (1991)

Blood movement investigated by magnetic resonance (MR) velocity mapping is generally presented in the form of velocity components in one or more chosen velocity encoding directions. By viewing these components separately, it is difficult for MR practitioners to conceptualize and comprehend the underlying flow structures, especially when the image data have strong background noise. A flow visualization technique that adapts the idea of particle tracing used in classical fluid dynamics for visualizing flow is presented. The flow image processing relies on the strong correlation between the principal flow direction estimated from the distribution of the modulus of the velocity field and the direction derived from the raw image data. By correlation calculation, severe background noise can be eliminated. Flow pattern rendering and animation provide an efficient way for representing internal flow structures. >
MQTLS: Toward Secure MQTT Communication with an Untrusted Broker (2019)

The publisher-subscriber (pub/sub) paradigm is one of the promising communication models to meet the requirements such as interoperability and support of heterogeneity for the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Message Queueing Telemetry Transport(MQTT), one of the protocols based on the pub/sub model, is widely used in practice with public brokers by Eclipse Mosquitto or HiveMQ. A broker in the pub/sub model, however, is intrinsically a man-in-the-middle between clients (i.e., publishers and subscribers); thus, a broker can read and alter all the messages delivered from publishers to subscribers. Therefore,both publishers and subscribers should not exchange confidential messages via an untrusted broker or should use it in-between them at risk. We propose MQTLS, an MQTT-aware secure communication protocol among publishers, subscribers, and brokers, while restricting brokers not to read any messages from publishers, ex-cept topics that need for message delivery. The MQTLS protocol is secure, based on our novel security definition called client-to-broker-to-client (CBC) security semantics for the pub/sub model. Our OpenSSL-based MQTLS proof-of-concept shows that MQTLS increases the delay time at the initial setup dueto asymmetric signature/verification. However the delay time becomes marginal - only 4.06% at the high-end device and 10.04% at the low-end device compared with the standard TLS protocol- after the key is distributed.
Parallel computation of sequential pixel updates in statistical tomographic reconstruction (2002)

While Bayesian methods can significantly improve the quality of tomographic reconstructions, they require the solution of large iterative optimization problems. Recent results indicate that the convergence of these optimization problems can be improved by using sequential pixel updates, or Gauss-Seidel iterations. However, Gauss-Seidel iterations may be perceived as less useful when parallel computing architectures are use. We show that for degrees of parallelism of typical practical interest, the Gauss-Seidel iterations updates may be computed in parallel with little loss in convergence speed. In this case, the theoretical speed up of parallel implementations is nearly linear with the number of processors.