gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NeuroD1 Regulates Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor β2 and Cone Opsins in the Developing Mouse Retina (2008)

The correct patterning of opsin expression in cone photoreceptors is critical for normal color vision. Thyroid hormone, and one of its receptors [thyroid hormone receptor beta2 (TRbeta2)], is an important regulator of opsin expression during cone photoreceptor development. Mice have two genes, encoding medium-wavelength (M) and short-wavelength (S) cone opsins. Targeted deletion of TRbeta2 leads to a uniform expression of S-opsin in all cone photoreceptors and a loss of M-opsin. The control of expression of TRbeta2 is therefore central to cone differentiation, yet there is little known about its regulation in the retina. We now report that the proneural bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor, NeuroD1, is necessary for sustained expression of TRbeta2 in immature cone photoreceptors. Mice deficient in NeuroD1 develop an opsin phenotype virtually identical with that of TRbeta2-deficient mice: all cones express S-opsin, and none expresses M-opsin. The introduction of NeuroD1 into embryonic retinal explants from NeuroD1-/- mice restores TRbeta2 expression. NeuroD1 binds an E-box in the intron control region of the TRbeta2 gene that mediates cone-specific expression, suggesting that NeuroD1 is a critical contributory factor to the expression of TRbeta2 in cones. These results thus connect the proneural pathway with opsin selection to ensure correct cone patterning during retinal development.
Production of Starch with Very Low Protein Content from Soft and Hard Wheat Flours by Jet Milling and Air Classification (2002)

ABSTRACT Jet milling is a fluid energy impact‐milling technique generally used for the ultrafine reduction of higher value materials. The efficiency of jet milling combined with air classification appears very efficient to separate starch from other wheat flour aggregate components and to produce wheat starch with very low residual protein content. Indeed, residual protein content of the starch‐rich fraction can be reduced to &lt;2% db with a series of successive grinding and air classification operations. Lipid and pentosan contents were also reduced in the starch‐rich fraction. Nevertheless, jet milling cannot eliminate grinding differences observed between different types of wheat. Wheat hardness continues to have an effect on milling and classification yields and on the composition of air classification fractions. To obtain starch‐rich fraction with only 2% protein content, hard wheat flour required a series of at least five grinding steps, whereas only three steps are necessary for soft wheat flour. Under these conditions, hard wheat flours give 24% mass yield with 12% starch damage compared with 39% yield and a low starch damage content (6.4%) for soft wheat flour. These results highlight new prospects for the development of cereal flours, especially soft wheat flours.
THE LIOUVILLE EQUATION FOR A WEAKLY INTERACTING QUANTUM GAS POSSESSING INTERNAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM (1959)

The quantum-mechanical Liouville Equation of a distribution function is derived for gas systems having subsystems or species. Internal degrees of freedom, symmetry considerations, strong and weak interaction of subsystems, and the distribution function and Liouville equation to those derived previously for structureless point particles are taken into account. (auth)
Malta (2017)

The role and character of Private International Law has changed tremendously over the past decades. With the steady increase of global and regional inter-connectedness the practical significance of the discipline has grown. Equally, so has the number of legislative activities on the national, international and, most importantly, the European level. With a world-class editor team, 500 content items and authorship from almost 200 of the world’s foremost scholars, the Encyclopedia of Private International Law is the definitive reference work in the field. 57 different countries are represented by authors who shed light on the current state of Private International Law around the globe, providing unique insights into the discipline and how it is affected by globalization and increased regional integration. The Encyclopedia consists of three inter-linked pillars, enhanced by sophisticated search and cross-linking functionality. The first pillar consists of A-Z coverage of the scope and substance of Private International Law in the form of 247 entries. The second pillar comprises detailed overviews of the Private International Law regimes of 80 countries. The third pillar presents valuable, and often unique, English language translations of the national codifications and Private International Law provisions of those countries. This invaluable combination represents a powerful research tool and an indispensable reference resource.
Arcabouço regulatório e diretrizes de políticas: os desafios para a regulamentação de combustíveis sustentáveis de aviação Drop-in (2021)

Por serem combustíveis drop-in, a disseminação dos combustíveis sustentáveis de aviação enfrenta, além dos elevados custos de produção, dificuldades relacionadas à conciliação de diversas rotas de produção em uma mesma infraestrutura e ao cumprimento de uma rigorosa certificação internacional. Essas dificuldades exigem que a regulação e as políticas sobre os combustíveis sustentáveis de aviação sejam sensíveis às características das diferentes rotas de produção, que geram combustíveis com propriedades ambientais distintas, e permitam que os combustíveis sejam comercializados sem que haja perda das propriedades necessárias ao longo da cadeia. As principais dificuldades encontradas referem-se ao estabelecimento de tributação diferenciada que acompanhe os diferentes combustíveis ao longo da cadeia, à exigência de grande escala produtiva para conseguir a certificação internacional, à elevada concentração no mercado do QAV-1 e à inviabilidade de implementar mandatos obrigatórios de combustíveis sustentáveis de aviação.
Lower Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Production by Adipose Tissue and Liver in Obese Patients Unrelated to Insulin Resistance (2009)

A down-regulation of ZAG in SAT, VAT, and liver exists in obese patients but seems unrelated to insulin resistance.
Heart Brain Clinic: Integrated Management Of Ischemic Stroke (2380) (2021)

To demonstrate that a multidisciplinary Heart Brain Clinic (HBC) is feasible and may improve the quality of care.
BacillusandStreptomyceswere selected as broad-spectrum antagonists against soilborne pathogens from arid areas in Egypt (2013)

Plant protection via disease-suppressive bacteria in desert farming requires specific biological control agents (BCAs) adapted to the unique arid conditions. We performed an ecological study of below-ground communities in desert farm soil and untreated desert soil, and based on these findings, selected antagonists were hierarchically evaluated. In contrast to the highly specific 16S rRNA fingerprints of bacterial communities in soil and cultivated medicinal plants, internal transcribed spacer profiles of fungal communities were less discriminative and mainly characterised by potential pathogens. Therefore, we focused on in vitro bacterial antagonists against pathogenic fungi. Based on the antifungal potential and genomic diversity, 45 unique strains were selected and characterised in detail. Bacillus/Paenibacillus were most frequently identified from agricultural soil, but antagonists from the surrounding desert soil mainly belonged to Streptomyces. All strains produced antibiotics against the nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and one-third showed additional activity against the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Altogether, 13 broad-spectrum antagonists with antibacterial, antifungal and nematicidal activity were found. They belong to seven different bacterial species of the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces. These Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria are promising drought-resistant BCAs and a potential source for antibiotics. Their rhizosphere competence was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridisation combined with laser scanning microscopy.
Discussion (1939)

J. M. Wordie, J. N. Carruthers, M. O. Collins, S. Swallow, Dr. Chapman, W. V. Lewis, J. S. Owens, I. D. Margary, J. Legrand, T. T. Behrens, J. A. Steers, Discussion, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 93, No. 6 (Jun., 1939), pp. 503-511
Supplementary figures from The Immunopeptidome from a Genomic Perspective: Establishing the Noncanonical Landscape of MHC Class I–Associated Peptides (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1 to S7.&lt;/p&gt;
Measuring circular phase‐dichroism of chiral metasurface (2018)

Abstract The ability of chiral media to differentiate circularly polarized light is conventionally characterized by circular dichroism (CD) which is based on the difference in the absorption of the incident light for different polarizations. Thus, CD probes the bulk properties of chiral media. Here, we introduce a new approach termed as circular phase‐dichroism that is based on the surface properties and is defined as the difference of the reflection phase for different circularly polarized incident lights in characterizing chiral media. As a demonstration, we measure the reflection phase from planar chiral sawtooth metasurface for circularly polarized light in the visible range using a simple Fabry Perot interference technique. The measured circular phase‐dichroism is also crosschecked by conventional CD measurement of the transmitted light and by full‐wave simulations. Our results demonstrate the potential applications of circular phase‐dichroism in sensing and metasurface characterizations.
Improvement of the multipoint-to-point link of theGSM system (1995)

The authors outline an overview of the Group Spécial Mobile (GSM) access protocol and highlight the principle of an algorithm which exploits the difference in the distance separation between the mobile stations and the base station as an added control dimension to reduce the number of possible contentions on the dedicated control channel. A comparison of the performance of the original and modified protocols at various traffic loads is presented.
Supplementary Data from Intratumor CMS Heterogeneity Impacts Patient Prognosis in Localized Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1&lt;/p&gt;
Practical Utilization of Uranium-Containing Particulate Test Samples for SEM/EDS and SIMS Automated Particle Analysis Method Validation (2017)

instrument positional accuracy, and as bench mark for particulate chemical identification. SRNL has found that consistent use of these validation samples increase our analysis confidence levels and facilitates interlaboratory assessments of both SEM/EDS and SIMS APM methods.
Basic Properties of ABC Rules (2022)

Abstract In this chapter, we consider basic axiomatic properties of ABC rules. These properties describe the behaviour of such rules and offer insights into the nature of specific ABC rules. Important axiomatic properties include Pareto efficiency, committee monotonicity, candidate monotonicity, consistency as well as axioms pertaining to strategic voting.
Effects of long‐term irrigation with reclaimed wastewater on the efficacy and fate of trifloxysulfuron‐sodium in the soil (2012)

D vorkin G, M anor M, S ibony M, C hefetz B &amp; R ubin B (2012). Effects of long‐term irrigation with reclaimed wastewater on the efficacy and fate of trifloxysulfuron‐sodium in the soil. Weed Research. 52 , 441–448. Summary Long‐term irrigation with reclaimed wastewater (RWW) is known to affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the receiving soil. The sulfonylurea herbicide trifloxysulfuron‐sodium (TFX), an acetolactate synthase inhibitor, is stable in the soil for several months and can carry over to rotational crops; however, its activity in RWW‐irrigated soils is much lower. In this study, we monitored the activity/dissipation of TFX applied on RWW‐irrigated soil. High weed infestation in the treated soil in field studies along with a decrease in the soil activity as determined with test plant was observed, suggesting fast dissipation of the herbicidal activity of TFX in the soil. Dose–response curves of Sorghum bicolor to TFX planted in RWW‐ and in fresh water‐irrigated soils showed higher and more significant damage for both shoots and roots with the fresh water‐irrigated soil. Sterilised RWW‐irrigated soil exhibited higher TFX activity versus non‐sterilised soil. This implies that reduction in TFX activity in RWW‐irrigated soil is probably affected by the microbial activity.
Learning and teaching with educational technologies. (1997)

This chapter considers what we have learned about learning and teaching with educational technologies over the past several decades. While there are compelling data and arguments on the positive effects of these tools, there are also well-documented difficulties with implementing such innovations. The social contexts of the uses of technology are crucial to understanding how technology may influence teaching and learning. The classroom influences, in particular the teacher, are seminal. Much more attention needs to be focused on the teacher in research and practice on educational technologies. I provide the metaphor of an on-line "School Depot," which could serve national needs in support of teaching and learning with educational technologies.
Transgenic mice expressing either bovine growth hormone (bGH) or human GH releasing hormone (hGRH) have increased splenic progenitor cell colony formation and DNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo. (1995)

To investigate the potential effects of growth hormone (GH) on the hematopoietic system, mice transgenic for bovine GH (bGH) or human growth hormone releasing hormone (hGRH) genes, each of which can result in the constitutive overproduction of GH, were analyzed for splenic and bone marrow (BM) localized hematopoietic progenitor cells. These transgenic mice had splenic hyperplasia with increased absolute numbers of splenic erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitor cells as assessed by in vitro assay and megakaryocyte development as seen in spleens. As an in vivo indication of multilineage progenitor cell effects in hGRH mice, the number of day-10 CFU-S colonies derived from the donor spleen was significantly higher than in nontransgenic littermate controls. A high proportion (54-71%) of splenic erythroid, granulocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocyte progenitors were in cycle in transgenic mice in contrast to < or = 30% in nontransgenic control littermates. Compared to controls, splenocytes from hGRH mice had a significantly higher proliferative index when infused into irradiated nontransgenic controls. With the exception of the megakaryocyte colony assay and in vivo proliferative index, none of these findings were evident when identical assays were performed on the BM from the same mice. Consistent with the BM data, peripheral blood leukocyte, erythroid, and platelet numbers were comparable in transgenic and nontransgenic control littermates. We conclude that the constitutive expression of bGH or hGRH leads largely to splenic hematopoietic effects involving progenitor cell populations from at least two lineages.
Reducing the Computational Complexity of Multicasting in Large-Scale Antenna Systems (2017)

In this paper, we study the physical layer multicasting to multiple co-channel groups in large-scale antenna systems. The users within each group are interested in a common message and different groups have distinct messages. In particular, we aim at designing the precoding vectors solving the so-called quality of service (QoS) and weighted max-min fairness (MMF) problems, assuming that the channel state information is available at the base station (BS). To solve both problems, the baseline approach exploits the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Considering a BS with $N$ antennas, the SDR complexity is more than $\mathcal{O}(N^{6})$, which prevents its application in large-scale antenna systems. To overcome this issue, we present two new classes of algorithms that, not only have significantly lower computational complexity than existing solutions, but also largely outperform the SDR based methods. Moreover, we present a novel duality between transformed versions of the QoS and the weighted MMF problems. The duality explicitly determines the solution to the weighted MMF problem given the solution to the QoS problem, and vice versa. Numerical results are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and to make comparisons with existing alternatives under different operating conditions.
Prediction of 57Fe Mössbauer Parameters by Density Functional Theory: A Benchmark Study (2010)

We report the performance of eight density functionals (B3LYP, BPW91, OLYP, O3LYP, M06, M06-2X, PBE, and SVWN5) in two Gaussian basis sets (Wachters and Partridge-1 on iron atoms; cc-pVDZ on the rest of atoms) for the prediction of the isomer shift (IS) and the quadrupole splitting (QS) parameters of Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two sources of geometry (density functional theory-optimized and X-ray) are used. Our data set consists of 31 iron-containing compounds (35 signals), the Mössbauer spectra of which were determined at liquid helium temperature and where the X-ray geometries are known. Our results indicate that the larger and uncontracted Partridge-1 basis set produces slightly more accurate linear correlations of electronic density used for the prediction of IS and noticeably more accurate results for the QS parameter. We confirm and discuss the earlier observation of Noodleman and co-workers that different oxidation states of iron produce different IS calibration lines. The B3LYP and O3LYP functionals have the lowest errors for either IS or QS. BPW91, OLYP, PBE, and M06 have a mixed success whereas SVWN5 and M06-2X demonstrate the worst performance. Finally, our calibrations and conclusions regarding the best functional to compute the Mössbauer characteristics are applied to candidate structures for the peroxo and Q intermediates of the enzyme methane monooxygenase hydroxylase (MMOH), and compared to experimental data in the literature.
Supplementary file from MAP4K3/GLK Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis by Phosphorylating and Activating IQGAP1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Figures, and Movies - Supplementary File accompanying the manuscript provides additional details regarding the methods of immunoblotting, cell migration and proliferation assays, time-lapse live cell imaging, FRET, and in vitro kinase assays. Additionally, we also provide IHC data of mouse tissues (Fig. S1), cell migration assays using primary lung cells or lung cancer cell lines (Fig. S2-S6), PLA data (Fig. S7), as well as five N-SIM movies (Movies S1-S5).&lt;/p&gt;
The efficient computation of ownership sets in HPF (2001)

Ownership sets are fundamental to the partitioning of program computations across processors by the owner-computes rule. These sets arise due to the mapping of arrays onto processors. In this paper, we focus on how ownership sets can be efficiently determined in the context of the HPF language and show how the structure of these sets can be symbolically characterized in the presence of arbitrary array alignment and array distribution directives. Our starting point is a system of equalities and inequalities due to Ancourt et al. (1995) that captures the array mapping problem in HPF. We arrive at a refined system that enables us to efficiently solve for the ownership set using the Fourier-Motzkin Elimination technique and that requires the course vector as the only auxiliary vector. The formulation makes it possible to enumerate the elements of the ownership set exactly once, a feature that is very beneficial when such sets are applied to handle DO loops qualified by HPF's INDEPENDENT directive. We develop important and general properties pertaining to HPF alignments and distributions and show how they can be used to eliminate redundant communication due to array replication. Polynomial-time schemes that determine whether the ownership set of a particular processor, with respect to some array, is the empty set or whether the ownership set of every processor, with respect to some array, is the empty set, are presented. We show how distribution directives with unspecified processor meshes can be efficiently handled at compile time. We also show how to avoid the generation of communication code when pairs of array references are ultimately mapped onto the same processors. Experimental data demonstrating the improved code performance that the latter optimization enables is presented and discussed.
Joint Dimming and Communication Design for Visible Light Communication (2017)

Multi-pulse position modulation (M-PPM) is advantageous in a visible light communication system due to its overall satisfactory performance in spectrum efficiency and dimming control. In this letter, we consider the joint dimming and communication design with M-PPM. We provide a model for the dimming control and address the balance between the dimming loss minimization and the transmission rate maximization. The dimming loss is modeled by the quantization loss within the dimming range for the discrete transmission power levels. The transmission rate is evaluated by the channel capacity. We propose two optimization formulations on the dimming requirement service and the transmission rate maximization. Numerical results show that the objective loss function may increase as either the lower limit of the dimming range approaches zero or the upper limit approaches the peak transmission power.
Peptidomimetic Polyurethanes Inhibit Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Disrupt Surface Established Biofilms (2021)

Over 80% of all chronic bacterial infections in humans are associated with biofilms, which are surface-associated bacterial communities encased within a secreted exopolysaccharide matrix that can provide resistance to environmental and chemical insults. Biofilm formation triggers broad adaptive changes in the bacteria, allowing them to be almost 1000-fold more resistant to conventional antibiotic treatments and host immune responses. The failure of antibiotics to eliminate biofilms leads to persistent chronic infections and can promote the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop agents that effectively prevent biofilm formation and eradicate established biofilms. Herein, we present water-soluble synthetic peptidomimetic polyurethanes that can disrupt surface established biofilms of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, all of which show tolerance to the conventional antibiotics polymyxin B and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, while these polyurethanes show poor antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria, they prevent surface attachment and stimulate bacterial surface motility to inhibit biofilm formation of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at subinhibitory concentrations, without being toxic to mammalian cells. Our results show that these polyurethanes show promise as a platform for the development of therapeutics that target biofilms and modulate surface interactions of bacteria for the treatment of chronic biofilm-associated infections and as antibiofilm agents.
MR Neurographic Findings in Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (1997)

Filler, Aaron G. MD, PhD; Johnson, J. Patrick; Villablanca, P.; Kliot, M.; Maravilla, K.; Hayes, C. E.; Lufkin, R. B.; Farahani, K.; Trent, J.; Machleder, H.
Exploring the synergetic effects of the major components of biomass additives in the pyrolysis of polylactic acid (2021)

The co-pyrolysis of lignin and polylactic acid produced strong synergistic effects to reduce input energy and increase the yield of lactide.