gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoneurial injection of TNF-α produces neuropathic pain behaviors (1996)

The inflammatory component of peripheral nerve injury may affect the development of local neuropathologic changes as well as the onset of hyperalgesia, the characteristic features of experimental neuropathic pain states. The goal of this study was to determine whether local sciatic injection of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha could reproduce the nociceptive behaviors and endoneurial pathology found following experimental nerve injuries. TNF injection caused significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia for 3 days post-injection in association with nerve edema, splitting of myelin lamellae with vacuolization, Schwann cell injury, fibroblast and macrophage activation, and phagocytosis of lipid debris. The data show that subperineurial injection of TNF proximal to peripheral sensory receptors generates the transient display of behaviors and endoneurial pathologies found in experimental painful nerve injury, and implicates local TNF in the pathologies of neuropathic pain.
DrugWAS: Leveraging drug-wide association studies to facilitate drug repurposing for COVID-19 (2021)

<b>Importance:</b> There is an unprecedented need to rapidly identify safe and effective treatments for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). <b>Objective:</b> To systematically investigate if any of the available drugs in Electronic Health Record (EHR), including prescription drugs and dietary supplements, can be repurposed as potential treatment for COVID-19. <b>Design, Setting, and Participants:</b> Based on a retrospective cohort analysis of EHR data, drug-wide association studies (DrugWAS) were performed on COVID-19 patients at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC). For each drug study, multivariable logistic regression with overlap weighting using propensity score was applied to estimate the effect of drug exposure on COVID-19 disease outcomes. <b>Exposures:</b> Patient exposure to a drug during 1-year prior to the pandemic and COVID-19 diagnosis was chosen as exposure of interest. Natural language processing was employed to extract drug information from clinical notes, in addition to the prescription drug data available in structured format. <b>Main Outcomes and Measures:</b> All-cause of death was selected as primary outcome. Hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and need for mechanical ventilation were identified as secondary outcomes. <b>Results:</b> The study included 7,768 COVID-19 patients, of which 509 (6.55%) were hospitalized, 82 (1.06%) were admitted to ICU, 64 (0.82%) received mechanical ventilation, and 90 (1.16%) died. Overall, 15 drugs were significantly associated with decreased COVID-19 severity. Previous exposure to either Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.14-0.98), diphtheria toxoid vaccine (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15-0.98), and tetanus toxoid vaccine (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15-0.98) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of death (primary outcome). Secondary analyses identified several other significant associations showing lower risk for COVID-19 outcomes: 2 vaccines (acellular pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae), 3 dietary supplements (turmeric extract, flaxseed extract, omega-3 fatty acids), methylprednisolone acetate, pseudoephedrine, ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, ibuprofen, and fluticasone. <b>Conclusions and Relevance:</b> This cohort study leveraged EHR data to identify a list of drugs that could be repurposed to improve COVID-19 outcomes. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of the proposed drugs.
Si Wafer Flattening Technology using Numerically Controlled Dry Etching (2002)

The damage-free flattening technology of a Si wafer that using a numerically controlled local dry etching (NC-LDE) technology has been developed to meet the requirement for achieving an extremely flat-surface wafer for the downscaling of ULSI feature size. In this technology, fluorine atoms which are generated in a localized SF_6 downstream plasma are exposed at a local area of a Si wafer, thereby generating a high etch rate of 130μm/min at the bottom of the etched profile and a volume removal rate of 45.9(mm)^3/min. The flattening process was carried out by numerically controlled scan etching according to previously measured thickness data and consequently maximum site flatness was improved from 0.12μm to 0.04μm within 310s for a 300-mm-diameter. Some applications of NC-LDE are reported in this paper.
Polyamines, diamine oxidase, and ornithine decarboxylase activity in colorectal cancer and in normal surrounding mucosa (1993)

We investigated the polyamine levels [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)] and their metabolism by simultaneously considering the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities in human colorectal cancer and in normal surrounding tissue. Single and total polyamine levels were significantly higher in the neoplastic tissue than in the surrounding mucosa from the same patients. Furthermore, the ODC activity was significantly higher and the DAO activity significantly lower in the neoplastic tissue than in the surrounding mucosa. Polyamine levels and enzymatic activities did not correlate with the clinical and histologic characteristics of patients. In normal tissue samples, no correlation was found between single and total polyamine levels and enzymatic activities (both DAO and ODC). On the contrary, in colorectal neoplastic samples, significant and positive correlations were found between the levels of total polyamines, Spd, and Spm and the ODC activity. In the same specimens, DAO activity was related to Spd levels and the Spd/Spm ratio, but, in those cases, the correlation was negative. Thus, our findings suggest that, during the neoplastic growth of the colorectal mucosa, the balance between polyamine degradation and biosynthesis is disengaged from the control exerted by the two enzymes.
A Study of the Importance of External Knowledge in the Named Entity Recognition Task (2018)

Dominic Seyler, Tatiana Dembelova, Luciano Del Corro, Johannes Hoffart, Gerhard Weikum. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2018.
Abspaltungsreaktionen an hochpolymeren (1968)

Abstract Abspaltungsreaktionen an makromolekularen Stoffen können durch physikalische Kräfte (Wärme, Strahlungsenergie) oder durch chemischen Angriff ausgelöst werden. Hierzu gehören alle Eliminierungsreaktionen, bei denen entweder Polymere oder niedermolekulare Spaltprodukte mit olefinischen Strukturen entstehen. Nicht berücksichtigt werden dagegen kondensierende Reaktionen zwischen benachbarten Grundbausteinen unter Bildung von cyclischen Einheiten in den Polymerketten. Es wird über die wichtigsten bisher untersuchten Abspaltungsreaktionen bei folgenden Klassen von makromolekularen Stoffen und über die Struktur der dabei entstehenden Polymeren berichtet: Polymere Alkohole und äther, polymere Ester, halogenhaltige Polymere. Ferner werden verschiedene, z. T. noch nicht völlig geklärte Umsetzungen an Polymeren (W ittig ‐Reaktionen, Enthalogenierungen, Dehydrierungen) behandelt.
The role of anterior midcingulate cortex in cognitive motor control (2013)

The rostral cingulate cortex has been associated with a multitude of cognitive control functions. Recent neuroimaging data suggest that the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) has a key role for cognitive aspects of movement generation, i.e., intentional motor control. We here tested the functional connectivity of this area using two complementary approaches: (1) resting-state connectivity of the aMCC based on fMRI scans obtained in 100 subjects, and (2) functional connectivity in the context of explicit task conditions using meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) over 656 imaging experiment. Both approaches revealed a convergent functional network architecture of the aMCC with prefrontal, premotor and parietal cortices as well as anterior insula, area 44/45, cerebellum and dorsal striatum. To specifically test the role of the aMCC's task-based functional connectivity in cognitive motor control, separate MACM analyses were conducted over "cognitive" and "action" related experimental paradigms. Both analyses confirmed the same task-based connectivity pattern of the aMCC. While the "cognition" domain showed higher convergence of activity in supramodal association areas in prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, "action" related experiments yielded higher convergence in somatosensory and premotor areas. Secondly, to probe the functional specificity of the aMCC's convergent functional connectivity, it was compared with a neural network of intentional movement initiation. This exemplary comparison confirmed the involvement of the state independent FC network of the aMCC in the intentional generation of movements. In summary, the different experiments of the present study suggest that the aMCC constitute a key region in the network realizing intentional motor control.
Effect of baseline CD4 on virological response to first HAART (2002)

Clinical epidemiological studies often focus on investigating the underlying causes of disease. For instance, a nephrologist may be interested in the association between blood pressure and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, instead of focusing on the mere occurrence of CKD, the decline of kidney function over time might be the outcome of interest. For examining this kidney function trajectory, patients are typically followed over time with their kidney function estimated at several time points. During follow-up, some patients may drop out earlier than others and for different reasons. Furthermore, some patients may have greater kidney function at study entry or faster kidney function decline than others. Also, a substantial heterogeneity may exist in the number of kidney function estimates available for each patient. This heterogeneity with respect to kidney function, dropout and number of kidney function estimates is important to take into account when estimating kidney function trajectories. In general, two methods are used in the literature to estimate kidney function trajectories over time: linear regression to estimate individual slopes and the linear mixed-effects model (LMM), i.e. repeated measures analysis. Importantly, the linear regression method does not properly take into account the above-mentioned heterogeneity, whereas the LMM is able to retain all information and variability in the data. However, the underlying concepts, use and interpretation of LMMs are not always straightforward. Therefore we illustrate this using a clinical example and offer a framework of how to model and interpret the LMM.
Clinical sequencing: is WGS the better WES? (2016)

Current clinical next-generation sequencing is done by using gene panels and exome analysis, both of which involve selective capturing of target regions. However, capturing has limitations in sufficiently covering coding exons, especially GC-rich regions. We compared whole exome sequencing (WES) with the most recent PCR-free whole genome sequencing (WGS), showing that only the latter is able to provide hitherto unprecedented complete coverage of the coding region of the genome. Thus, from a clinical/technical point of view, WGS is the better WES so that capturing is no longer necessary for the most comprehensive genomic testing of Mendelian disorders.
Stamp Accuracy Enhancement Through Received Signal Strength Adaptive Kalman Filtering (2007)

In this paper we present a novel method for improving the terminal position estimation that the standard mobile network positioning techniques based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) provide, using a statistical filtering approach. The proposed method extends the STAMP concept by applying an adaptive Kalman filtering mechanism to the RSS values measured by the mobile terminal. The implementation of the method requires only additional software functionality while the extensive analysis based on a simulation model revealed significant accuracy improvement.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of fused quinoline derivatives. (1990)

Some tetracyclic quinolines (9 and 14) with a [2-methoxy-4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]amino side chain were prepared and their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) intercalative properties, KB cytotoxicity, antitumor activity (P388 leukemia), and ability to induce topoisomerase II dependent DNA cleavage were investigated. The indoloquinoline derivative 9 exhibited the most potent activity (dose = 6.3 mg, T/C% = 300) in this series. The steric structural features of the chromophores of the compounds previously and newly synthesized were studied by a computer-associated molecular graphics technique. Relationships between the steric structural features of the chromophores and biological activities are also discussed.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of solvated metal atom dispersed catalysts. Monometallic iron and bimetallic iron-cobalt particles on alumina (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of solvated metal atom dispersed catalysts. Monometallic iron and bimetallic iron-cobalt particles on aluminaBeng Jit Tan, Kenneth J. Klabunde, and Peter M. A. SherwoodCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 2, 186–191Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00008a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00008a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2082Altmetric-Citations422LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting Cell Cycle Kinases for Cancer Therapy (2007)

Many tumor-associated mutations result in the abnormal regulation of protein kinases involved in the progression throughout the cell division cycle. The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family has received special attention due to their function as sensors of the mitogenic signals and their central role in cell proliferation. These kinases are frequently upregulated in human cancer most frequently due to overexpression of their cyclin partners or inactivation of the CDK inhibitors. A plethora of small-molecule CDK inhibitors have been characterized in the last years and some of them are currently under clinical development. Other serine-threonine protein kinases such as the Aurora proteins (mostly Aurora A and B) or Polo-like kinases (PLK1) are receiving increased attention as putative cancer targets. Other less studied mitotic kinases such TTK (MPS1), BUB and NEK proteins might also be relevant candidates as new targets of interest in cancer therapy since they play relevant roles on mitotic progression and the spindle checkpoint. Although targeting cell cycle kinases is an efficient procedure to arrest cell proliferation, the best strategy to potently and specifically inhibit tumor cell proliferation is not obvious yet. Thus, some cell cycle kinases may be of interest as targets to abrogate checkpoints and favor apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. New biochemical and genetic studies are required to clarify the use of these kinases as targets in new opportunities to improve cancer therapy.
Oxidation of Ferrous Iron and Elemental Sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1988)

The oxidation of ferrous iron and elemental sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans that was absorbed and unabsorbed onto the surface of sulfur prills was studied. Unadsorbed sulfur-grown cells oxidized ferrous iron at a rate that was 3 to 7 times slower than that of ferrous iron-grown cells, but sulfur-grown cells were able to reach the oxidation rate of the ferrous iron-adapted cells after only 1.5 generations in a medium containing ferrous iron. Bacteria that were adsorbed to sulfur prills oxidized ferrous iron at a rate similar to that of unadsorbed sulfur-grown bacteria. They also showed the enhancement of ferrous iron oxidation activity in the presence of ferrous iron, even though sulfur continued to be available to the bacteria in this case. An increase in the level of rusticyanin together with the enhancement of the ferrous iron oxidation rate were observed in both sulfur-adsorbed and unadsorbed cells. On the other hand, sulfur oxidation by the adsorbed bacteria was not affected by the presence of ferrous iron in the medium. When bacteria that were adsorbed to sulfur prills were grown at a higher pH (ca. 2.5) in the presence of ferrous iron, they rapidly lost both ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation capacities and became inactive, apparently because of the deposition of a jarosite-like precipitate onto the surface to which they were attached.
Towards a physical rehabilitation system using a telemedicine approach (2020)

Advances in informatics technologies have enabled new ways of attention in a health-care system. This kind of approach is commonly referred as a telemedicine. In this context, this work proposes an environment that facilitates the execution of a specific protocol of physical rehabilitation on a patient by a health care specialist through tele-operating technical aids. For this purpose, a service-oriented architecture was designed and implemented. In addition, considering the dynamics of the system oriented to occurrence of discrete events, formal modelling tool known as Coloured Petri Nets were used for validation and verification. Finally, numerous rehabilitation protocols were tested without presenting alterations with respect to the technical model.
Three-Dimensional Modeling From Endoscopic Video Using Geometric Constraints Via Feature Positioning (2007)

The endoscope is a popular imaging modality used in many preevaluations and surgical treatments, and is also one of the essential tools in minimally invasive surgery. However, regular endoscopes provide only 2-D images. Even though stereoendoscopy systems can display 3-D images, the real anatomical structure of the observed lesion is unavailable and can only be judged by the surgeon's imagination. In this paper, we present a constraint-based factorization method for reconstructing 3-D structures registered to the patient, from 2-D endoscopic images. The proposed method incorporates the geometric constraints from the tracked surgical instrument into the traditional factorization method based on frame-to-frame feature motion on the endoscopically viewed scene. Experiments with real and synthetic data demonstrate good real-scale 3-D extraction, with greater accuracy than is available from traditional methods. The reconstruction process can also be accomplished in a few seconds, making it suitable for on-line surgical applications to provide surgeons with additional 3-D shape information, critical distance monitoring and warnings.
Serial crystallography using synchrotron radiation - novel strategies for microcrystallography (2014)

Protein crystallography continues to be one of the most frequently used techniques to obtain structural information of biomacromolecules to atomic resolution. Since protein crystals of delicate target systems are often limited in size, one of the main goals in the design of modern beamlines is the construction of highly intense X-ray beams with small focal size to obtain high resolution diffraction images of microcrystals. However, this development has led to the situation, that the full intensity of the beam can destroy a protein crystal within fractions of a second. Therefore often only a small number of diffraction patterns can be obtained from one single crystal. Here we describe the adaptation of the serial crystallography approach, which has first been developed at X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (Chapman et al. 2011) to the usage of a microfocus synchrotron beamline, using a standard cryogenic loop for sample delivery. We proved this concept with in vivo grown cathepsinB microcrystals (TbCatB, Koopmann et al. 2012, Redecke et al. 2013) (average of 9 μm3), a medically and pharmaceutically relevant protein, involved in the life cycle of T. brucei. In these experiments it was possible to show that serial crystallography enables the utilization and outcome of the above described bottlenecks and features of modern 3rd generation synchrotron microfocus beamlines. Our strategy exploits the combination of a micron-sized X-ray beam, high precision diffractometry and shutterless data acquisition with a pixel-array detector. By combining the data of 80 TbCatB crystals, it was possible to assemble a dataset to 3.0 Å resolution. The data allow the refinement of a structural model that is consistent with that previously obtained using FEL radiation, providing mutual validation.
En buena compañía : la iniciativa LEADER II y el turismo rural (2002)

PTSD is associated with substantial health service use. The results highlight the importance of increased collaboration between primary care and mental health specialists, given that patients with PTSD are more likely to receive treatment in nonmental health clinics.
The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis (2013)

Cannabichromene exerts anti-inflammatory actions in activated macrophages - with tonic CB1 cannabinoid signalling being negatively coupled to this effect - and ameliorates experimental murine colitis.
SWAN: a static analysis framework for swift (2020)

Swift is an open-source programming language and Apple's recommended choice for app development. Given the global widespread use of Apple devices, the ability to analyze Swift programs has significant impact on millions of users. Although static analysis frameworks exist for various computing platforms, there is a lack of comparable tools for Swift. While LLVM and Clang support some analyses for Swift, they are either primarily dynamic analyses or not suitable for deeper analyses of Swift programs such as taint tracking. Moreover, other existing tools for Swift only help enforce code styles and best practices.