gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell‐penetrating peptide–labelled smart polymers for enhanced gene delivery (2016)

Highly efficient gene delivery vehicles are pursued to progress gene therapy. In this study, we developed the cell-penetrating peptide-labelled and degradable gene carriers for efficient external gene transfection. The cationic carriers were prepared by coupling low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI800) with 4'4-dithiodibutyric acid (DA), and HIV-1 Trans-Activator of Transcription (TAT) was conjugated to the carriers as a penetrating peptide. The resulted PEI-DA-TAT was able to condense plasmid DNA (pDNA) into a complex with a hydrodynamic size of around 150 nm under a neutral condition. PEI-DA-TAT showed negligible cytotoxicity to both Hela and HEK 293 cells with the cell viability of more than 80% beyond the carrier concentration of 50 μg/mL. This new carrier displayed better performance in regard to DNA transfection efficiency in comparison with the carriers of non-TAT labelled PEI-DA, commercial PEI25K and low-molecular-weight PEI (PEI800). The transfection efficiency of PEI-DA-TAT was increased by 8% compared with PEI-DA and PEI25K. The experimental findings suggested that the developed PEI-DA-TAT is a promising carrier for efficient DNA delivery with low cytotoxicity for gene therapy.
Bicyclic [3.3.0]-Octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrolo Antagonists of Retinol Binding Protein 4: Potential Treatment of Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Stargardt Disease (2015)

Antagonists of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) impede ocular uptake of serum all-trans retinol (1) and have been shown to reduce cytotoxic bisretinoid formation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is associated with the pathogenesis of both dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease. Thus, these agents show promise as a potential pharmacotherapy by which to stem further neurodegeneration and concomitant vision loss associated with geographic atrophy of the macula. We previously disclosed the discovery of a novel series of nonretinoid RBP4 antagonists, represented by bicyclic [3.3.0]-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrolo analogue 4. We describe herein the utilization of a pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid fragment as a suitable isostere for the anthranilic acid appendage of 4, which led to the discovery of standout antagonist 33. Analogue 33 possesses exquisite in vitro RBP4 binding affinity and favorable drug-like characteristics and was found to reduce circulating plasma RBP4 levels in vivo in a robust manner (>90%).
Effect of Insulin and Dietary Myoinositol on Muscarinic Receptor Alterations in Diabetic Rat Bladder (1992)

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that there is an up-regulation of muscarinic receptor density in the bladder dome of the 8-wks diabetic rat compared to control. To determine whether the changes observed in receptor density can be corrected by insulin or dietary myoinositol, five groups of rats were maintained for eight weeks: control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic insulin-treated (DI), diabetic myoinositol-treated (DMI), and control myoinositol-treated (CMI). Diabetes was induced by i.v. injection of 65 mg./kg. of streptozotocin. D and DMI animals were smaller, had higher serum glucose and lower serum insulin levels, higher water intakes and urine outputs, and larger bladder domes than the other groups. The density of the muscarinic receptors measured by radioligand receptor binding assays using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate were (in fmol./mg. protein): C, 88 +/- 13; D, 176 +/- 19; DI, 94 +/- 5; DMI, 158 +/- 8; CMI, 112 +/- 10. These data indicate that insulin, but not myoinositol treatment normalized diabetes induced abnormalities observed in the general features of streptozotocin-injected rats and prevented the diabetic-induced upregulation of bladder dome muscarinic receptors.
Observation of THz emissions from various types of solar cells using laser terahertz emission microscope (2013)

We examined various types of solar cells using laser terahertz emission microscope. As a result, we could observe the differences among various solar cells, e.g. grain size, material.
Compressed Sensing with uncertainty - the Bayesian estimation perspective (2015)

The Compressed Sensing (CS) framework outperforms the sampling rate limits given by Shannon's theory. This gap is possible since it is assumed that the signal of interest admits a linear decomposition of few vectors in a given sparsifying Basis (Fourier, Wavelet, ...). Unfortunately in realistic operating systems, uncertain knowledge of the CS model is inevitable and must be evaluated. Typically, this uncertainty drastically degrades the estimation performance of sparse-based estimators in the low noise variance regime. In this work, the Off-Grid (OG) and Basis Mismatch (BM) problems are compared in a Bayesian estimation perspective. At first glance, we are tempted to think that these two acronyms stand for the same problem. However, by comparing their Bayesian Cramèr-Rao Bounds (BCRB) for the estimation of a L-sparse amplitude vector based on N measurements, it is shown that the BM problem has a lower BCRB than the OG one in a general context. To go further into the analysis we provide for i.i.d. Gaussian amplitudes and in the low noise variance regime an interesting closed-form expression of a normalized 2-norm criterion of the difference of the two BCRB matrices. Based on the analysis of this closed-form expression, we obtain two conclusions. Firstly, the two uncertainty problems cannot be confused for a non-zero mismatch error variance and with finite N and L. Secondly, the two problems turn to be similar for any mismatch error variance in the large system regime, i.e., for N, L → ∞ with constant aspect ratio N/L → ρ.
Ultrafast web inspection with hybrid dispersion laser scanner (2013)

We report an ultrafast web inspector that operates at a 1000 times higher scan rate than conventional methods. This system is based on a hybrid dispersion laser scanner that performs line scans at nearly 100 MHz. Specifically, we demonstrate web inspection with detectable resolution of 48.6 μm/pixel (scan direction) × 23 μm (web flow direction) within a width of view of 6 mm at a record high scan rate of 90.9 MHz. We demonstrate the identification and evaluation of particles on silicon wafers. This method holds great promise for speeding up quality control and hence reducing manufacturing costs.
A New Nanomedicine Platform to Deliver a Carnitine Palmitoyl-Transferase 1 (CPT1) Inhibitor into Glioma Cells and Neurons (2020)

Obesity and glioblastoma multiforme (GB) are two unmet medical needs where effective therapies are lacking. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), an enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), is a viable target for both diseases. C75, a fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor, forms an adduct with coenzyme A (CoA) to form C75-CoA, which is a strong competitive inhibitor to CPT1 that is selective in its target. However, it is polar and charged, having low cell membrane permeability, and therefore needing a delivery system for intracellular transport. (&plusmn;)-C75-CoA and its enantio-separated forms (+)- and (&minus;)-C75-CoA were used to form poly-ion complex (PIC) micelles with the cationic block co-polymer PEG-PAsp(DET). The drug and polymer were mixed in a 1:1 anion/cation ratio to give 50&ndash;70 nm micelles with a unimodal size profile and narrow polydispersity. Size was maintained upon introduction of physiological saline. Micellar (&plusmn;)-, (+)-, and (&minus;)-C75-CoA were all significantly more cytotoxic compared to the respective free drugs in U87MG. We examined whether C75-CoA inhibits FAO by measuring ATP concentrations in U87MG and GT1-7. ATP generation was found to be hampered after adding C75-CoA in both cell types, with micelle-treated cells producing significantly lower ATP than those treated with free drug, suggesting that the effective intracellular delivery of C75-CoA leads to a more pronounced FAO inhibition. A fluorescent CoA derivative, Fluor-CoA, also yielded monodisperse micelles similar to C75-CoA. Micellar internalization was significantly greater than that of the free dye. Uptake of both increased with time, with this effect is more pronounced in U87MG than GT1-7. The %Fluor-CoA+ cells were also expressively higher for the micelle across cell lines. From this data, it can be convincingly concluded that neuronal and glioma cellular uptake of micelles is superior to that of the free dye, validating the need for cellular delivery systems for anionic, CoA-type molecules. The micellar form neutralized the negative charge of the cargo, promoting transport into the cell. These outcomes strongly support the effectiveness of using a PIC micelle-type system to deliver anionic small molecules into glioma cells and neurons meant to inhibit enzymes such as CPT1, for future applications in diseases like obesity and cancer.
Comparative In Vitro Susceptibilities of 396 Unusual Anaerobic Strains to Tigecycline and Eight Other Antimicrobial Agents (2006)

Tigecycline was tested against 396 strains of lesser-known anaerobic species encountered in human infections. It was active against all gram-positive strains and 228 of 232 gram-negative anaerobes at < or =1 microg/ml. One strain of Prevotella oralis was nonsusceptible at 8 microg/ml.
Engineering Program Accreditation: Where Have We Been and Where Should We Go? (2022)

&lt;p&gt;We examine the soundness of the idea and practice of engineering accreditation and look critically at the process as currently implemented in some regions around the world. We suggest areas for improvement and propose guidelines for a revised accreditation framework that addresses some of the challenges of the current system. &lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOCOBALT CLUSTER COMPLEXES. 23. NOVEL CHEMISTRY OF (ACYLMETHYLIDYNE)‐ AND D (AROYLMETHYLIDYNE)TRICOBALT‐NONACARBONYL COMPLEXES (1981)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (Ia)‐(Ic) werden durch molekularen Wasserstoff ohne Zusatz eines Katalysators bei Normaldruck zu den α‐Hydroxyalkyliden‐Clustern (II) und in einigen Fällen vollständig zu den Alkylidentricobaltnonacarbonylen (III) reduziert.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Stimulates the First Step in the Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones (2014)

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid in human, with the highest concentrations between age 20 and 30, but displaying a significant decrease with age. Many beneficial functions are ascribed to DHEAS. Nevertheless, long-term studies are very scarce concerning the intake of DHEAS over several years, and molecular investigations on DHEAS action are missing so far. In this study, the role of DHEAS on the first and rate-limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis was analyzed in a reconstituted in vitro system, consisting of purified CYP11A1, adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase. DHEAS enhances the conversion of cholesterol by 26%. Detailed analyses of the mechanism of DHEAS action revealed increased binding affinity of cholesterol to CYP11A1 and enforced interaction with the electron transfer partner, adrenodoxin. Difference spectroscopy showed K(d)-values of 40 ± 2.7 µM and 24.8 ± 0.5 µM for CYP11A1 and cholesterol without and with addition of DHEAS, respectively. To determine the K(d)-value for CYP11A1 and adrenodoxin, surface plasmon resonance measurements were performed, demonstrating a K(d)-value of 3.0 ± 0.35 nM (with cholesterol) and of 2.4 ± 0.05 nM when cholesterol and DHEAS were added. Kinetic experiments showed a lower Km and a higher kcat value for CYP11A1 in the presence of DHEAS leading to an increase of the catalytic efficiency by 75%. These findings indicate that DHEAS affects steroid hormone biosynthesis on a molecular level resulting in an increased formation of pregnenolone.
Density dependence of attractive forces for hydrogen stretching vibrations of molecules in compressed liquids (1988)

An empirical analysis of pressure-induced shifts for quasidiatomic C–H or O–H stretching vibrations in solution shows that the portion attributable to attractive forces exhibits an approximately quadratic dependence on the solvent density, with exponents in the range sA=2.1±0.3 for ten systems. This is much stronger than the linear density dependence (sA=1) postulated for attractive forces by Schweizer and Chandler. Theoretical estimates of the attractive part of the frequency shifts are derived by averaging attractive R−n potentials (n≥6) using the hard-sphere radial distribution function. This yields a simple, explicit formula with an exponential dependence on density. We find attractive exponents of sA∼2.0±0.1 for the experimental density regime, whereas sA→1 for the zero-density limit. The sA values at high density are insensitive to the potential exponent n and comparable to the repulsive exponents sR∼3.5 obtained from the hard-sphere model. The density dependence for attractive as well as repulsive contributions thus is governed chiefly by packing effects and is only mildly affected by the form of the intermolecular potential. This situation permits attractive potential parameters to be evaluated by inverting experimental data on pressure-induced vibrational frequency shifts.
Implementation of deep soil mixing at the Kansas City Plant (1998)

In July 1996, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Kansas City Plant (KCP), AlliedSignal Federal Manufacturing and Technologies, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), conducted field-scale tests of in situ soil mixing and treatment technologies within the Northeast Area (NEA) of the KCP at the Former Ponds site. This demonstration, testing, and evaluation effort was conducted as part of the implementation of a deep soil mixing (DSM) innovative remedial technology demonstration project designed to test DSM in the low-permeability clay soils at the KCP. The clay soils and groundwater beneath this area are contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), primarily trichloroethene (TCE) and 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE). The demonstration project was originally designed to evaluate TCE and 1,2-DCE removal efficiency using soil mixing coupled with vapor stripping. Treatability study results, however, indicated that mixed region vapor stripping (MRVS) coupled with calcium oxide (dry lime powder) injection would improve TCE and 1,2-DCE removal efficiency in saturated soils. The scope of the KCP DSM demonstration evolved to implement DSM with the following in situ treatment methodologies for contaminant source reduction in soil and groundwater: DSM/MRVS coupled with calcium oxide injection; DSM/bioaugmentation; and DSM/chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate. Laboratory treatability studies were started in 1995 following collection of undisturbed soil cores from the KCP. These studies were conducted at ORNL, and the results provided information on optimum reagent concentrations and mixing ratios for the three in situ treatment agents to be implemented in the field demonstration.
IL-1β induces dendritic cells to produce IL-12 (2001)

The cytokine IL-12, a product of dendritic cells (DC), plays a major role in cellular immunity, notably by inducing lymphocytes to produce IFN-gamma. Microbial products, T cell signals and cytokines induce the production of IL-12. Here, IL-1 beta is identified as a new IL-12-inducing agent, acting conjointly with CD40 ligand (CD40L) on human monocyte-derived DC in vitro. The effects of IL-1 beta were dose dependent, specifically blocked by neutralizing antibodies, and were observed both in immature and mature DC. Immature DC secreted more IL-12 than mature DC, but the effects of IL-1 beta were not due to a block of DC maturation as determined by analysis of DC surface markers. The mechanisms of action of IL-1 beta could be contrasted to that of other inducers of IL-12 such as IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Either IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma co-induced IL-12 with CD40L but conjointly, IL-1 beta, CD40L and IFN-gamma synergized, inducing very high levels of IL-12. The effects of IL-1 beta differed from those of LPS in that IL-1 beta, unlike LPS, could not induce IL-12 solely after IFN-gamma priming; and when combined with CD40L, IL-1 beta, unlike LPS, induced little IL-10. The mechanism of action of IL-1 beta involves IL-12 alpha mRNA up-regulation, and we show that the combination of CD40L and IL-1 beta induces high levels of IL-12 alpha and IL-12 beta mRNA in DC. Altogether, these results delineate a new mechanism linking adaptive and innate immune responses for the regulation of IL-12 production in DC and for the role of IL-1 beta in the development of cellular immunity.
Automation of Fluorous Solid-Phase Extraction for Parallel Synthesis (2006)

An automatic fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE) technique is developed by using FluoroFlash SPE cartridges on the RapidTrace workstation. A 10-module workstation has the capability to complete a maximum of 100 SPEs each round in 1−2 h. Another important feature of the RapidTrace system is that it has the capability to load slurry samples onto the F-SPE cartridges. The F-SPE cartridge charged with 2 g of fluorous silica gel is used to purify up to 200 mg of crude sample. Sample loading, elution solvent, cartridge reuse, and SPE reproducibility are evaluated. The automatic SPE system is used for purification of a small urea library generated from amine-scavenging reactions using fluorous dichlorotriazine, a 96-membered amide library generated using 2-chloro-4,6-bis[(perfluorohexyl)propyloxy]-1,3,5-triazine as the coupling agent, and another 96-membered library generated from fluorous Mitsunobu reactions. Approximately 90% of the products have >90% purity after F-SPE.
Implementation of the arbitrary free-space optical interconnections with equal path lengths by use of a layered structure (1994)

We describe and demonstrate a scheme to implement arbitrary space-variant optical interconnections with equal path lengths in free-space, using a layered structure for a low gate count and high throughput. We discuss extending the technique to reduce the number of layers by performing small group interconnections on laterally separable locations.
F-1709 Evaluation of joint efficiency factor for Nuclear Power Components (2001)

The allowable design stresses of Core Support Structure, Reactor Internal Components and Class 3 and 4 Vessels are determined using the joint efficiency factors provided in ASME PV and P Code, Sec. III. The joint efficiency factor is prepared in accordance with type of weld joint and procedure of nondestructive evaluation. This factor might be conservative under well controlled welding. The acceptable joint efficiency factors for BWR internal components are evaluated through the tensile and fatigue tests using some typical weld joint specimens made of SUS316L with a defect. These specimens are also evaluated by nondestructive procedures before the mechanical tests.
Increased cerebral blood volume in small arterial vessels is a correlate of amyloid-β–related cognitive decline (2019)

The protracted accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a major pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and may trigger secondary pathological processes that include neurovascular damage. This study was aimed at investigating long-term effects of Aβ burden on cerebral blood volume of arterioles and pial arteries (CBVa), possibly present before manifestation of dementia. Aβ burden was assessed by 11C Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography in 22 controls and 18 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), [ages: 75(±6) years]. After 2 years, inflow-based vascular space occupancy at ultra-high field strength of 7-Tesla was administered for measuring CBVa, and neuropsychological testing for cognitive decline. Crushing gradients were incorporated during MR-imaging to suppress signals from fast-flowing blood in large arteries, and thereby sensitize inflow-based vascular space occupancy to CBVa in pial arteries and arterioles. CBVa was significantly elevated in MCI compared to cognitively normal controls and regional CBVa related to local Aβ deposition. For both MCI and controls, Aβ burden and follow-up CBVa in several brain regions synergistically predicted cognitive decline over 2 years. Orbitofrontal CBVa was positively associated with apolipoprotein E e4 carrier status. Increased CBVa may reflect long-term effects of region-specific pathology associated with Aβ deposition. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of the arteriolar system and the potential of CBVa as a biomarker for Aβ-related vascular downstream pathology.
VRML scene graphs on an interactive ray tracing engine (2004)

With the recent advances in ray tracing technology, high-quality image generation at interactive rates has finally become a reality. As a consequence ray tracing likely plays a larger role in visualization systems, enabling the conception and creation of completely new interactive graphics applications. In this paper, we describe the design and development of a ray tracing-based VRML browser and editor as a case study of such an application. It exploits all advantages of ray tracing, including physically-correct plug and play shading and support for large models. In particular we demonstrate how to overcome the limitations that result from existing scene graph libraries and data exchange formats still being targeted towards rasterization technology. Also we show how to extend the VRML lighting model and to optimize scene graph handling for ray tracing.
Ultra-flat Surface Using a Near-Field Etching (2020)

Based on the properties of the ONF, it is expected to realize unique fabrication technique by the use of the ONF, using unique properties including the multi-step excitation via dipole-forbidden intermediate state of the molecules, second harmonic generation (SHG), wave vector excitation.
Implementing observation-dependent suppression and enhancement of two-photon coincidences in the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment (2021)

We investigate the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of photon pairs in birefringent waveguides with polarization-dependent losses. Depending on the detection basis, we show seamless tunability all the way from enhancement to full suppression of indistinguishable photons.
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis for immobilization of high-level waste in mineral-like ceramics: 2. Immobilization of cesium in ceramics based on perovskite and zirconolite (2008)

Immobilization of Cs in ceramics based on perovskite and zirconolite by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) was studied using model systems. The ceramics was obtained as cylindrical blocks. Cesium can be completely immobilized in ceramics at 1250°C in the form of synthetic mineral pollucite and, in this case, it is uniformly distributed through the bulk of the ceramic sample. The optimal synthetic conditions were determined, and the phase composition of the ceramics was evaluated. The leaching rates of Cs from ceramics in double-distilled water at 20°C were determined.
<title>Flashlamp for the NIF: Russian variant</title> (1997)

A variant of the flashlamp for NIF was developed on the base of the experience of manufacture and application of high- power flashlamps in Russia. Features of flashlamp design as well as first test results of the experimental samples are presented.