gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Southern blot analysis of BII cell line--a putative variant of HL-60. (1987)

Southern blot analysis of various genes was used to compare the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and the BII cell line, which reportedly arose as a spontaneous differentiation inducer-resistant variant from an HL-60 culture. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor gene restriction fragment polymorphism, due to a partial deletion of one of the alleles of this gene in HL-60, was not observed in the BII cells. Furthermore, the p53 oncogene, most of which is deleted in the HL-60 cell line, was found to be intact in the BII cell line. Human leukocyte antigen typing revealed that the two cell lines shared the A locus but differed at the B locus. Several unique restriction fragments hybridizing to human leukocyte antigen class I and DR beta gene probes were observed in the DNA digests of each cell line. Altogether these data provide definitive evidence that BII represents a human cell line of different origin than HL-60. Further lineage determination of this cell line could add a useful member to the group of leukemic cell lines.
Usefulness and Feasibility of Pocket-size Echocardiography in the Emergency Department (2012)

Pocket-size echocardiography (PSE) has entered the clinical arena and is a very attractive tool for point-of-care cardiac ultrasound. It has proven its utility in non-urgent settings such as the outpatient clinic and the patient’s bedside in hospital. In those environments, it increases the diagnostic power of the physical examination and can be seen as a ‘super stethoscope’. The accuracy of PSE is highly dependent on training and expertise. Introducing PSE in the accident and emergency (A&amp;E) department will also increase the diagnostic power of the physical examination; however, in that setting, there is no room for error, and the use of a PSE device should never prevent a patient from undergoing a necessary comprehensive echocardiographic examination. Mobile portable computer ultrasound devices are widely available in the A&amp;E department. This leads to the inevitable question: will literature support the supplementary use of PSE by nonechocardiographists and non-cardiologists in the A&amp;E department, without raising medico-legal issues regarding patient safety? Another setting were PSE could result in a diagnostic bonus, since no competing technology is available, is the ambulance, but in that setting as well education and quality control will be of the utmost importance.
<div>Emerging treatment options for ovarian cancer: focus on rucaparib</div> (2017)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are an exciting class of anticancer drugs, which have revolutionized the management of BRCA mutant/homologous recombination-deficient recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). With three PARPi now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, olaparib (Lynparza™), niraparib (Zejula™), and rucaparib (Rubraca™) in 2014 (and 2017 for the tablet formulation), 2016, and 2017, respectively, these drugs have now entered routine clinical practice. The marked single-agent efficacy of PARPi either as maintenance following response to platinum-based chemotherapy or as up-front treatment in these indications is based on the well-known concept of synthetic lethality. PARPi themselves work by blocking the repair of single-strand DNA breaks by the base excision/single-strand break repair pathway and can also be directly cytotoxic by the mechanism of PARP trapping. The greatest benefit in terms of progression-free survival, in all three PARPi maintenance registration studies, was seen in women with platinum-sensitive BRCA mutation-associated HGSOC. However, it is clear that non-BRCA HGSOC can benefit from PARPi and the ongoing challenge of biomarker driven studies is how best to define these patients. PARPi are well tolerated, but more information is needed to assess the longer-term/later onset toxicities as these agents are investigated in the first-line setting. The future direction and challenges for PARPi will be to continue to expand beyond BRCA and ovarian cancer by identifying molecular or functional signatures of response; to see if the durable responses in ovarian cancer can be improved and efficacy can be achieved in other cancer sub-types by combining with novel targeted agents. This review summarizes the development of PARPi as a class in ovarian cancer with particular focus on the PARPi rucaparib.
Targeting NF-κB Signaling with Protein Kinase C Agonists As an Emerging Strategy for Combating HIV Latency (2014)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is very effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication and restoring immune functions in HIV-infected individuals. However, it fails to eradicate the latent viral reservoirs and fully resolve chronic inflammation in HIV infection. The "shock-and-kill" strategy was recently proposed to induce latent HIV expression in the presence of HAART. Recent studies have shown that the protein kinase C (PKC) agonists are highly potent in inducing latent HIV expression from the viral reservoirs in vitro and ex vivo and in protecting primary CD4(+) T cells from HIV infection through down-modulation of their HIV coreceptor expression. The PKC agonists are excellent candidates for advancing to clinical HIV eradication strategies. This article will present a critical review of the structure and function of known PKC agonists, their mechanisms for the reactivation of latent HIV expression, and the potential of these compounds for advancing clinical HIV eradication strategies.
The Pathologic Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumors (2010)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise in most organs of the body and share many common pathologic features. However, a variety of different organ-specific systems have been developed for nomenclature, grading, and staging of NETs, causing much confusion. This review examines issues in the pathologic assessment of NETs that are common among primaries of different sites. The various systems of nomenclature are compared along with new proposal for grading and staging NETs. Although differences persist, there are many common themes, such as the distinction of well-differentiated (low and intermediate-grade) from poorly differentiated (high-grade) NETs and the significance of proliferative rate in prognostic assessment. A recently published minimum pathology data set is presented to help standardize the information in pathology reports. Although an ultimate goal of standardizing the pathologic classification of all NETs, irrespective of primary site, remains elusive, an understanding of the common themes among the different current systems will permit easier translation of information relevant to prognosis and treatment.
[10 years foodborne listeriosis--an evaluation]. (1992)

Foodborne listeriosis outbreaks, which occurred in the past 10 years, have raised new questions in listeriosis epidemiology. The renewed interest in listeriosis and Listeria monocytogenes has resulted in various efforts, which enormously enriched the knowledge about his relatively rare, but because of the high mortality rate, important infectious disease as well as about its causative agent. New data concerning epidemiology and therapy of human listeriosis as well as new experience with Listeria monocytogenes regarding virulence, typing, isolation, identification, occurrence in food and environment, behaviour towards disinfectants etc. have changed the view of human listeriosis prevention. The new aspects are summarized in this review.
How to recognize polynomials in higher order Sobolev spaces (2011)

This paper extends characterizations of Sobolev spaces by Bourgain, Brézis, and Mironescu to the higher order case. As a byproduct, we obtain an integral condition for the Taylor remainder term, which implies that the function is a polynomial. Similar questions are also considered in the context of Whitney jets.
Segregation analysis of 17,425 population-based breast cancer families: Evidence for genetic susceptibility and risk prediction (2022)

Rare pathogenic variants in known breast cancer-susceptibility genes and known common susceptibility variants do not fully explain the familial aggregation of breast cancer. To investigate plausible genetic models for the residual familial aggregation, we studied 17,425 families ascertained through population-based probands, 86% of whom were screened for pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, and TP53 via gene-panel sequencing. We conducted complex segregation analyses and fitted genetic models in which breast cancer incidence depended on the effects of known susceptibility genes and other unidentified major genes and a normally distributed polygenic component. The proportion of familial variance explained by the six genes was 46% at age 20-29 years and decreased steadily with age thereafter. After allowing for these genes, the best fitting model for the residual familial variance included a recessive risk component with a combined genotype frequency of 1.7% (95% CI: 0.3%-5.4%) and a penetrance to age 80 years of 69% (95% CI: 38%-95%) for homozygotes, which may reflect the combined effects of multiple variants acting in a recessive manner, and a polygenic variance of 1.27 (95% CI: 0.94%-1.65), which did not vary with age. The proportion of the residual familial variance explained by the recessive risk component was 40% at age 20-29 years and decreased with age thereafter. The model predicted age-specific familial relative risks consistent with those observed by large epidemiological studies. The findings have implications for strategies to identify new breast cancer-susceptibility genes and improve disease-risk prediction, especially at a young age.
The Chemerin Receptor CMKLR1 Requires Full‐Length Chemerin for High Affinity in Contrast to GPR1 as Demonstrated by a New Nanoluciferase‐Based Binding Assay (2022)

To study the binding mode of the adipokine chemerin as well as the short peptide agonist chemerin-9 (C9) to its two receptors chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) and G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), we generated 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) modified variants of both ligands. In addition, we labeled GPR1 and CMKLR1 with a nanoluciferase at the N-terminus to perform NanoBRET binding assays. For GPR1, both ligands show high affinity and comparable binding. Significant differences were found for CMKLR1, whereby only full-length chemerin binds with high affinity in saturation and displacement assays. For TAMRA-C9 a biphasic binding consisting of two binding states has been found and no displacement studies could be performed. Thus, we conclude that CMKLR1 requires full-length chemerin for stable binding in contrast to GPR1. This work demonstrates the NanoBRET binding assay as a new tool for binding studies at chemerin receptors and it enables deeper insights into the ligand binding parameters.
Range Expansion and the Origin of USA300 North American Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

The USA300 North American epidemic (USA300-NAE) clone of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has caused a wave of severe skin and soft tissue infections in the United States since it emerged in the early 2000s, but its geographic origin is obscure. Here we use the population genomic signatures expected from the serial founder effects of a geographic range expansion to infer the origin of USA300-NAE and identify polymorphisms associated with its spread. Genome sequences from 357 isolates from 22 U.S. states and territories and seven other countries are compared. We observe two significant signatures of range expansion, including decreases in genetic diversity and increases in derived allele frequency with geographic distance from the Pennsylvania region. These signatures account for approximately half of the core nucleotide variation of this clone, occur genome wide, and are robust to heterogeneity in temporal sampling of isolates, human population density, and recombination detection methods. The potential for positive selection of a <i>gyrA</i> fluoroquinolone resistance allele and several intergenic regions, along with a 2.4 times higher recombination rate in a resistant subclade, is noted. These results are the first to show a pattern of genetic variation that is consistent with a range expansion of an epidemic bacterial clone, and they highlight a rarely considered but potentially common mechanism by which genetic drift may profoundly influence bacterial genetic variation.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The process of geographic spread of an origin population by a series of smaller populations can result in distinctive patterns of genetic variation. We detect these patterns for the first time with an epidemic bacterial clone and use them to uncover the clone's geographic origin and variants associated with its spread. We study the USA300 clone of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, which was first noticed in the early 2000s and subsequently became the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. The eastern United States is the most likely origin of epidemic USA300. Relatively few variants, which include an antibiotic resistance mutation, have persisted during this clone's spread. Our study suggests that an early chapter in the genetic history of this epidemic bacterial clone was greatly influenced by random subsampling of isolates during the clone's geographic spread.
mPSQed: A Software for the Design of Multiplex Pyrosequencing Assays (2012)

Molecular-based diagnostic assays are the gold standard for infectious diseases today, since they allow a rapid and sensitive identification and typing of various pathogens. While PCR can be designed to be specific for a certain pathogen, a subsequent sequence analysis is frequently required for confirmation or typing. The design of appropriate PCR-based assays is a complex task, especially when conserved discriminating polymorphisms are rare or if the number of types which need to be differentiated is high. One extremely useful but underused method for this purpose is the multiplex pyrosequencing technique. Unfortunately there is no software available to aid researchers in designing multiplex pyrosequencing assays. Here, we present mPSQed (Multiplex PyroSeQuencing EDitor), a program targeted at closing this gap. We also present the design of an exemplarily theoretical assay for the differentiation of human adenovirus types A-F using two pyrosequencing primers on two distinct PCR products, designed quickly and easily using our software.
Genetic Variation in the β3-Adrenergic Receptor and an Increased Capacity to Gain Weight in Patients with Morbid Obesity (1995)

People with the Trp64Arg mutation of the gene for the beta 3-adrenergic receptor may have an increased capacity to gain weight.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOTHIAZOLES. VIII‐ ISOTHIAZOLIDIN‐3‐ONE DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Chlor erhält man aus dem Disulfid (I) ein Gemisch aus den Isothiazolidinonen (II)‐(IV).
Studies on different primaries for a nearly-ultimate gamut in a laser display (2018)

In using a laser light source, it becomes possible to realize an ultra-wide display gamut that approaches the human color vision limit. This paper introduces a method for extremely large gamut optimization for different primary numbers, and it offers a primary set that produces a nearly ultimate gamut. Considering display lightness, we calculated wavelength selection and lightness design of a display with 3-9 primaries in the CIELAB uniform color space (UCS) by optimizing the coverage of the optimal color gamut. Theoretically the maximum gamut area of a laser display with 3-12 primaries in the CIE xy and CIE u'v' chromaticity diagrams is also calculated for comparison. We recommend 6 primaries as a reasonable choice, since the coverage reaches 97.6% of the optimal color. Taking into account the luminance efficacy of radiation (LER) and feasible laser wavelengths in practice, we get a practical design of wavelengths and power for a laser projection display with 6 primaries, which covers 96.6% of the optimal color gamut.
Molybdenum supplies and nuclear medicine services (2009)

aMedical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham bDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK Correspondence to Alan C. Perkins, PhD, CSci, FIPEM, ARCP, FRCR, Medical Physics Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2UH, UK Tel: +44 115 970 9192; fax: +44 115 970 9301; e-mail: [email protected] Received 1 May 2009 Revised 1 May 2009 Accepted 1 May 2009
On the Hadronic Mass Spectrum: 2014 (2015)

The understanding of Hagedorn’s pivotal discovery, the exponential mass spectrum, evolved rapidly. Some of the insights have since been lost from view—I recall the relevance of the preexponential power index a. Moving forward to current lattice QCD computation of QGP properties I describe an emerging relationship.
State of the Art in Automation of Earthmoving (1997)

A recent trend towards greater automation of earthmoving machines, such as backhoes, loaders, and dozers, reflects a larger movement in the construction industry to improve productivity, efficiency, and safety. This paper reviews related work in various disciplines drawn upon by researchers—soil mechanics, computer graphics, kinematic and dynamical modeling, optimization, control, and decision theory. A taxonomy is suggested into which various automated systems reported in the literature, can be classified.
VisFiles: virtually lost in virtual worlds—wayfinding without a cognitive map (1997)

article Free Access Share on VisFiles: virtually lost in virtual worlds—wayfinding without a cognitive map Author: T. Todd Elvins San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San DiegoView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 31Issue 3August 1997 pp 15–17https://doi.org/10.1145/262171.262177Published:01 August 1997Publication History 19citation588DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads588Last 12 Months44Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A p21(Waf1/Cip1)carboxyl-terminal peptide exhibited cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity when introduced into human cells. (1999)

In the present study, we report the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-inhibitory activity of a series of p21waf1/cip1 (p21) peptide fragments spanning the whole protein against the cyclin D1/Cdk4 and cyclin E/Cdk2 enzymes. The most potent p21 peptide tested in our initial peptide series, designated W10, spanned amino acids 139 to 164, a region of p21 that has been found independently to bind to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and also to inhibit Cdk activity. We go on to report the importance of putative beta-strand and 3(10)-helix motifs in the W10 peptide for cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitory activity. We also describe the cellular activity of W10 and derivatives that were chemically linked to an antennapedia peptide, the latter segment acting as a cell membrane carrier. We found that the W10AP peptide exhibited growth inhibition that resulted from necrosis in human lymphoma CA46 cells. Furthermore, regions in the W10 peptide responsible for Cdk-inhibition were also important for the degree of this cellular activity. These studies provide insights that may eventually, through further design, yield agents for the therapy of cancer.
Equivalent CTOD Concept Based on the Local Approach and Its Application to Fracture Performance Evaluation of Welded Joints (1996)

In this study, an equivalent CTOD concept was proposed on the basis of the local approach. This concept was born to consider the transferability of 3-point bend CTOD results to fracture performance evaluation of structural components. The equivalent CTOD was defined as the CTOD at which the 3 -point bend specimen and the structural component provide the compatible Weibull stress. The fracture performance of a wide plate with a surface notch predicted by the equivalent CTOD concept was consistent with the experimental result. On the other hand, the analysis based on the conventional CTOD concept gave very conservative estimation of the fracture performance of the wide plate.A new procedure for fracture toughness requirement was presented based on the equivalent CTOD concept. It was pointed out that the equivalent bend CTODδR3P to meet the required deformability of the wide plate was much smaller than the required CTOD δRWPfor the wide plate. The equivalent CTOD concept was effective to quantify the strength mis-match effect between the base and weld metals on the required fracture toughness of the weld metals. The required weld metal CTOD δδRWP for the wide plate increased with decreasing the yield strength mis-match ratio σWY/σBY between the base and weld metals. By contrast, the required bend CTOD δR3Pof the weld metal was not always affected very much by the mis-match condition in welds.
PRIMARY EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGLEV TEST VEHICLE DESIGN FOR SPACE LAUNCH (2005)

With the request of safe, reliable and low-cost ways to get to space in the future, different concepts of maglev launch assist vehicle have been put forward in foreign countries. Based on primary design of high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnetic launch system, relative research has been gone into operation by us. For increasing the integrated performance of magnetic system both in the vertical and lateral directions, HTS experimental measure system was built, and the effect of different NdFeB permanent guideways with different HTS arrays on magnetic system was studied, and qualitative analysis was performed. The result has important effect on construction of HTS maglev launch assist test vehicle model.
DVD based electronic pulser (2005)

This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of a digital versatile disc (DVD) based electronic pulser system (DVDEPS). Such a device is used to generate pulse streams for simulation of both gamma and neutron detector systems. The DVDEPS reproduces a random pulse stream of a full high purity germanium (HPGe) spectrum as well as a digital pulse stream representing the output of a neutron multiplicity detector. The exchangeable DVD media contains over an hour of data for both detector systems and can contain an arbitrary gamma spectrum and neutron pulse stream. The data is written to the DVD using a desktop computer program from either actual or simulated spectra. The targeted use of the DVDEPS is authentication or validation of monitoring equipment for nonproliferation purposes, but it is also of general use whenever a complex data stream is required. The DVD based pulser combines the storage capacity and simplicity of DVD technology with commonly available electronic components to build a relatively inexpensive yet highly capable testing instrument.