gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Value creation in retrofitting housing stock: an analysis of business opportunities (2017)

There is a common and shared, social, long-term goal: achieving future-proof housing, in this project meaning that housing should become at least climate-neutral. Deep retrofitting is necessary for this goal. This is known to be a difficult goal. There are a lot of barriers and only a few drivers. Activities in deep retrofitting remain stuck and it appears extremely difficult to scale up this process. The ValueFit Accelerator project was aimed at developing a validated business model for a value creation approach connected to deep retrofitting. The research team consisted of TNO, Chalmers University and Imperial College. The research team condensed the problematic situation around deep retrofitting to the conclusion that there is a mismatch between the supply and the demand side. The demand side perceives that solutions are too expensive or even absent whereas the supply side is convinced that attractive and cheaper solutions could be offered if the demand volume would be higher. The intended solution for this mismatch was to connect supply and demand with a company that creates value for the demand side, so causes a substantial market for the supply chain. The project team worked out four alternative business models for such a company. The most far-reaching model was a district development company, taking a lead in formulating the multi owner/ discipline programme of requirements first, arranging the negotiations with investment agencies and coordinate the (integrated) project procurement and execution in the end. Setting up guarantees on the performance to the end users (inhabitant) on the one side, and the obligations to the suppliers on the other side. For the validation, interviews (and workshops) were organised to test and harvest feedback on the business models drafted.
Thermoacoustic tomography: numerical results (2007)

Filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction is the method of choice for diagnostic xray CT, despite the fact that backprojection is computationally costly. FBP image quality is superior over fast Fourier reconstruction techniques because interpolation errors are localized and the backprojector applies the Radon transform, annihilating all measurement errors orthogonal to its range. We discuss computational complexity, sampling rates, and quadrature techniques for FBP reconstruction of thermo/photo/optoacoustic data.
Total Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (–)-Balanol (1996)

The total synthesis of enantiomerically pure (–)-Balanol, using tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal as a chiral template for the central azepane fragment is described.
Harvesting the Triplet Excitons of Quasi-Two-Dimensional\nPerovskite toward Highly Efficient White Light-Emitting Diodes (1753)

Utilization of triplet excitons, which generally emit poorly, is always\nfundamental to realize highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs).\nWhile triplet harvest and energy transfer via electron exchange between triplet\ndonor and acceptor are fully understood in doped organic phosphorescence and\ndelayed fluorescence systems, the utilization and energy transfer of triplet\nexcitons in quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite are still ambiguous.\nHere, we use an orange-phosphorescence-emitting ultrathin organic layer to\nprobe triplet behavior in the sky-blue-emitting quasi-2D perovskite. The\ndelicate white LEDs architecture enables a carefully tailored Dexter-like\nenergy-transfer mode that largely rescues the triplet excitons in quasi-2D\nperovskite. Our white organic-inorganic LEDs achieve maximum forward-viewing\nexternal quantum efficiency of 8.6% and luminance over 15000 cd m-2, exhibiting\na significant efficiency enhancement versus the corresponding sky-blue\nperovskite LED (4.6%). The efficient management of energy transfer between\nexcitons in quasi-2D perovskite and Frenkel excitons in organic layer opens the\ndoor to fully utilizing excitons for white organic-inorganic LEDs.\n
The offshore boundary condition in surf zone modeling (2018)

Numerical models predicting surfzone waves and shoreline runup in field situations are often initialized with shoreward propagating (sea-swell, and infragravity) waves at an offshore boundary in 10–30 m water depth. We develop an offshore boundary condition, based on Fourier analysis of observations with co-located current and pressure sensors, that accounts for reflection and includes nonlinear phase-coupling. The performance of additional boundary conditions derived with limited or no infragravity observations are explored with the wave resolving, nonlinear model SWASH 1D. In some cases errors in the reduced boundary conditions (applied in 11 m depth) propagate shoreward, whereas in other cases errors are localized near the offshore boundary. Boundary conditions that can be implemented without infragravity observations (e.g. bound waves) do not accurately simulate infragravity waves across the surfzone, and could corrupt predictions of morphologic change. However, the bulk properties of infragravity waves in the inner surfzone and runup are predicted to be largely independent of ig offshore boundary conditions, and dominated by ig generation and dissipation.
Injuries to children in forward facing child restraints. (2002)

The applicability of the federal safety standard that governs child restraints (FMVSS 213) has recently been called into question. Population- based estimates of the risk of injury to children in child restraints and a description of the patterns and mechanisms of injury are necessary to evaluate this standard and identify areas of needed improvement. A probability sample of children 12 to 47 months in crashes was identified in an on-going crash surveillance system (1998-2002) which links insurance claims data to telephone survey and crash investigation data. The risk of injury in forward facing child restraints (FFCRS) was estimated and a series of cases was examined using in-depth crash investigation to identify the mechanisms of these injuries. Although children in FFCRS are well protected in crashes, further reductions in serious injuries might be achieved by reducing head, neck, and extremity injury risks. These results have implications for the current efforts to upgrade the current FMVSS 213 and better protect child passengers.
Parameter-free spatial and stream mining (2005)

Data mining is the extraction of knowledge from large amounts of data [HK01] and brings together the fields of databases, machine learning and statistics. Technological advances have enabled the creation of huge data repositories. The need to turn such data into useful knowledge has fueled the development of data mining techniques. From a database perspective, the emphasis is often placed on scalability and efficiency. Practical approaches can afford only a single or, at best, a few passes over the data, i.e., the algorithmic complexity must be linear with respect to dataset size. 
Recently, in addition to the data warehouse model where data from multiple sources are integrated into a large store, the streaming model is emerging as an alternative data processing paradigm. Several applications produce a continuous stream of data (e.g., phone call detail records, web clickstreams or sensor measurements) that is too large to store in its entirety. Therefore, in stream mining we are allowed only a single pass over the data, without random access. Upon arrival of new observations, we have to incrementally update the data model. Furthermore, space complexity must be sublinear with respect to dataset size. 
In this thesis we develop spatial and stream mining tools for discovery of interesting patterns. These patterns summarise the data, enable forecasting of future trends and spotting of anomalies or outliers. Beyond the emphasis on efficiency and scalability, we focus on simplifying or eliminating user intervention. Data mining algorithms must make the discovery task easy for average users. Unfortunately, many of the existing techniques require non-trivial user intervention at several steps of the process. Eliminating the requirement for user intervention should be a top priority in designing data mining methods. 
We show that multi-resolution analysis (i.e., examining the data at multiple resolutions or scales) is a powerful tool towards these goals. In particular, for spatial data we employ the correlation integral . For time series streams we use the wavelet transform and related techniques. Furthermore, we leverage tools from signal processing (again wavelets and, also, subspace tracking algorithms) to extract patterns from streams. Finally, we also employ compression principles coupled with multi-level partitionings to automatically cluster spatial data. 
The first two parts of this thesis focus on spatial mining methods. In the first part we examine homogeneous spatial data, where all points belong to one class. In the second part we examine heterogeneous spatial data, where the points may belong to two or more different classes (e.g., species, galaxy types, etc). Finally, in the third part we focus on numerical, time series streams and mining techniques for both single and multiple streams.
A system for fault management and fault consequences analysis for NASA’s Deep Space Habitat (2013)

NASA's exploration program envisions the utilization of a Deep Space Habitat (DSH) for human exploration of the space environment in the vicinity of Mars and/or asteroids. Communication latencies with ground control of as long as 20+ minutes make it imperative that DSH operations be highly autonomous, as any telemetry-based detection of a systems problem on Earth could well occur too late to assist the crew with the problem. A DSH-based development program has been initiated to develop and test the automation technologies necessary to support highly autonomous DSH operations. One such technology is a fault management tool to support performance monitoring of vehicle systems operations and to assist with real-time decision making in connection with operational anomalies and failures. Toward that end, we are developing Advanced Caution and Warning System (ACAWS), a tool that combines dynamic and interactive graphical representations of spacecraft systems, systems modeling, automated diagnostic analysis and root cause identification, system and mission impact assessment, and mitigation procedure identification to help spacecraft operators (both flight controllers and crew) understand and respond to anomalies more effectively. In this paper, we describe four major architecture elements of ACAWS: Anomaly Detection, Fault Isolation, System Effects Analysis, and Graphic User Interface (GUI), and how these elements work in concert with each other and with other tools to provide fault management support to both the controllers and crew. We then describe recent evaluations and tests of ACAWS on the DSH testbed. The results of these tests support the feasibility and strength of our approach to failure management automation and enhanced operational autonomy
Deep Learning Models for Predicting Wildfires from Historical Remote-Sensing Data (2020)

Identifying regions that have high likelihood for wildfires is a key component of land and forestry management and disaster preparedness. We create a data set by aggregating nearly a decade of remote-sensing data and historical fire records to predict wildfires. This prediction problem is framed as three machine learning tasks. Results are compared and analyzed for four different deep learning models to estimate wildfire likelihood. The results demonstrate that deep learning models can successfully identify areas of high fire likelihood using aggregated data about vegetation, weather, and topography with an AUC of 83%.
Notch signaling in glioblastoma: a developmental drug target? (2010)

Malignant gliomas are among the most devastating tumors for which conventional therapies have not significantly improved patient outcome. Despite advances in imaging, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, survival is still less than 2 years from diagnosis and more targeted therapies are urgently needed. Notch signaling is central to the normal and neoplastic development of the central nervous system, playing important roles in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cancer stem cell regulation. Notch is also involved in the regulation response to hypoxia and angiogenesis, which are typical tumor and more specifically glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) features. Targeting Notch signaling is therefore a promising strategy for developing future therapies for the treatment of GBM. In this review we give an overview of the mechanisms of Notch signaling, its networking pathways in gliomas, and discuss its potential for designing novel therapeutic approaches.
Targeting neonatal ischemic brain injury with a pentapeptide-based irreversible caspase inhibitor (2011)

Brain protection of the newborn remains a challenging priority and represents a totally unmet medical need. Pharmacological inhibition of caspases appears as a promising strategy for neuroprotection. In a translational perspective, we have developed a pentapeptide-based group II caspase inhibitor, TRP601/ORPHA133563, which reaches the brain, and inhibits caspases activation, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis in vivo. Single administration of TRP601 protects newborn rodent brain against excitotoxicity, hypoxia-ischemia, and perinatal arterial stroke with a 6-h therapeutic time window, and has no adverse effects on physiological parameters. Safety pharmacology investigations, and toxicology studies in rodent and canine neonates, suggest that TRP601 is a lead compound for further drug development to treat ischemic brain damage in human newborns.
Functionality of laser-sintered shape memory micro-actuators (2010)

NiTi shape memory alloys are considered to be difficult to machine. Dimensional accuracy can hardly be met especially in micro-machining. Being a non-contact tool and therefore independent from machining forces, the laser is a promising alternative for manufacturing NiTi micro-parts. This paper presents research results on powder bedbased laser sintering of fine NiTi powders. Structures with a minimum width of approximately 50 μm can be generated without losing the special shape memory properties. The structures “remember” the shape which was set in the laser process. We show that phase transformation temperature can be influenced by process parameters.
"familial hyperpepsinogenemia" and helicobacter pylori infection (2000)

The etiology of elevated PG1 levels in this pedigree is more likely due to Helicobacter pylori infection than to a genetic predisposition.
Proteomics in Parkinson’s disease: current trends, translational snags and future possibilities (2010)

Proteomic technologies are widely used to understand the molecular mechanism of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to develop biomarkers for its early diagnosis. The differential expression patterns of brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood proteins of patients or chemically induced animal models are used to identify protein fingerprints for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PD. A number of differentially expressed proteins associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress, signal transduction, electron transport and detoxification pathways are identified using proteomic strategies. Proteomics immensely contributed to the detection of qualitative and quantitative changes of expressed proteins and their post-translational modifications. An update on proteomics-driven research for developing early biomarkers and understanding the molecular aspects of PD, along with their translational snags, challenges and future possibilities, are discussed in this review.
Computation of Power Extraction From Photovoltaic Arrays Under Various Fault Conditions (2020)

Photovoltaic (PV) faults such as partial shading, bypass-diode defects, degradation of PV modules, and wiring issues greatly affect the power output and cause various peaks in P-V curves of a PV system. Although, commonly used Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) scheme in PV arrays is considered instrumental for reducing power losses there lies a great scope to evaluate power extraction through reconfiguration of modules with different PV materials. This paper presents detailed investigation of power extraction using number placement reconfiguration method under numerous faults. PV power extraction is carried out and compared with three different interconnections of PV modules, including series-parallel (SP), bridge-link (BL) and TCT. In order to conduct a thorough investigation and better evaluate the performance of PV arrays, we have studied reconfiguration of PV modules with polycrystalline and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) PV technologies. In addition, this paper contains detailed quantification of the impact of the studied PV faults on power grid. The results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that CIGS PV technology performs better than polycrystalline in terms of power output during different faulty conditions. It becomes evident from the presented results that optimal reconfiguration of PV arrays can increase the power extraction from PV system with reduced number of P-V peaks. Hence, leading to improved performance of the PV system.
Frequent Occurrence of Drug Resistant Bacteria in Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) Culture (1980)

Chloramphenicol (CM)- and tetracycline (TC)-resistant bacteria which could grow on Heart Infusion agar containing 6.2 mcg/ml of CM or TC, respectively, were isolated with high frequencies from the intestinal tracts of cultured Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) and the water of Ayu culturing ponds in Tokushima Pref. CM- and TC-resistant bacteria were not isolated from the intestinal tracts of wild Ayu collected from the river Nakagawa in Tokushima Pref. The principal drug resistant bacteria isolated from the intestinal tracts were Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anguillarum. Drug resistant Pseudomonas, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, Escherichia coli, Hafnia, Salmonella arizonae and other unidentified Enterobacteriaceae were occasionally found. Drug resistant bacteria isolated from the water of ponds were common to those from the intestinal tracts. However, drug resistant E. coli, Psudomonas and V. anguillarum were not isolated from the water. All drug resistant V. anguillarum strains carried R plasmids. R plasmids were detected in a part of the Hafnia, E. cloacae, A. hydrophila, unidentified Enterobacteriaceae and E. aerogenes strains. The drug resistance markers present in the R plasmid bearing strains were in most cases sulfonamides streptomycin CM and TC.
Pif1 helicases: helping replication forks maneuver past replication barriers (2013)

Pif1 family 5′ to 3′ DNA helicases are found in all three domains of life. Mutation of the human PIF1 is correlated with increased propensity to breast cancer. The best studied Pif1 helicase is the multifunctional S. cerevisiae Pif1 (ScPif1). Published work shows that ScPif1 has key roles in maintenance of mitochondrial DNA, limiting telomerase processivity, processing Okazaki fragments, and suppressing DNA damage at G‐quadruplex (G4) motifs. Here we report in vitro studies that demonstrate that the budding yeast Pif1 and five bacterial Pif1 helicases are extremely proficient at unfolding G4 structures, able to do so even under single cycle conditions. In addition, ScPif1 appears to load onto G4 substrates by interacting with the G‐stacks in the G4 structure rather than the single strand loops. We used the gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR) assay to determine if Pif1 helicases suppress DNA damage at G4 motifs. The two budding yeast Pif1 proteins, ScPif1 and ScRrm3, four bacterial Pif1 helicases, and fission yeast and human PIF1 are highly effective suppressors of G4‐induced DNA damage. The survivors of G4‐induced instability in Pif1 deficient cells have an unprecedented post‐GCR structure that involves mutation of the G4 motif and stable silencing of the marker genes used in the assay. Like ScPif1, human PIF1 (but not S. pombe or bacterial Pif1 helicases) represses telomere lengthening in S. cerevisiae .
A 50-nm 1.2-V Ge<inf>x</inf>Te<inf>1&#x2212;x</inf>/Sb<inf>2</inf>Te<inf>3</inf> superlattice topological-switching random-access memory (TRAM) (2015)

A 50nm topological-switching random-access memory (TRAM) was fabricated for the first time. A high-quality Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> /Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> superlattice film enabled set and reset voltages of TRAM to be less than 40% of those of PRAM. Statistical analysis of 16kb data showed the reset voltage to be less than 1.2 V, the lowest as a TRAM test chip.
SPECULATIVE NOVEL PHOSPHORUS (V) COMPOUNDS AND MODES OF REARRANGEMENT IN RPF5-IONS (1977)

Abstract A series of novel and somewhat speculative compounds of hypervalent phosphorus and other main group elements is presented. These include cyclic systems, oxides, ylides, acetylacetonates and π-cyclo-pentadienyl compounds. Modes of rearrangement in the ionic compounds RPF− 5 are developed along with the observable processes. It is hoped that suitable temperature dependent nmr studies of some appropriate such system will eventually be undertaken.
Formation of Spinel Phases in Oxidized BOF Slag under Different Cooling Conditions (2017)

To enhance utilization of wastes generated from steelmaking, a BOF slag sample from Ning Steel group in China is treated by oxidizing at 1500 °C for 30 min and then cooled by different methods. The treated samples are characterized, in combination with calculations using FactSage 6.4. XRD results show that iron oxides in BOF slag are converted largely by the oxidation to spinel phases, Fe 3 O 4 and MgFe 2 O 4 , which also eliminates free CaO and MgO. EDS analyses show Fe element existing in di‐calcium silicate and glass phase, which are Fe 3+ ions formed by oxidation. An incorporation of Fe 3+ ions into crystal structures has stabilized high temperature polymorph of C 2 S, β‐C 2 S, and α’‐C 2 S, in the treated slag samples. Fe 3+ ions may also act as a network former to facilitate glass formation. This may make it possible for the glass and α’‐C 2 S phase to complement each other, leading to a higher hydraulicity, while the BOF slag, after the spinel separation, is blended in cements. Some suggestions are proposed, based on the present and early studies, to enhance hydraulicity for the BOF slag, as well as grain sizes of spinel phases, which may result in economic and environmental benefits for steel and cement industries.
Ramariopsis robusta (Basidiomycota, Clavariaceae), a new European species similar to R. kunzei. (2017)

The new species Ramariopsis robusta Matouš &amp; Holec is described based on collections from the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The species is highly supported in a phylogenetic tree based on the 28S rDNA gene. Morphologically, it is distinguished by its robust and densely branched white to cream basidiomata often growing in fascicles, with wide, often flattened branches, and distinctly ornamented spores with up to 1.5 μm high spines. The most similar species R. kunzei differs by subtler, more sparsely branched basidiomata, lower spore ornamentation, smaller Q value and shorter basidia. The species is described in detail and figures showing its macro- and microcharacters are provided including SEM photographs of spores. Differences with the similar taxa R. kunzei (including its varieties), R. atlantica, R. bispora, R. tenuiramosa, R. biformis, R. rufipes and Clavaria lentofragilis are outlined. Ramariopsis atlantica is newly documented from Panama.