gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of asymmetrically substituted biaryldiphosphines as ligands for enantioselective hydrogenation (2006)

Provided is a process for prepn. of asym. substituted biaryldiphosphine ligands I (R1 = C1-6-alkyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; R2, R3 = aryl, C5-10-cycloalkyl, C1-6-alkyl, or R2 = C5-10-cycloalkyl, C1-6-alkyl; R3 = aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, amino, C1-6-alkyl, C1-6-alkoxy, and di-C1-6-alkylamino groups, and each C1-6-alkyl, C5-10-cycloalkyl, C1-6-alkoxy and di-C1-6-alkylamino group in R2 and R3 optionally being substituted with one or more halogen atoms, from 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromobiphenyl) by a sequence of bromine metal exchanges and subsequent reactions. Thus, phosphination of 2,6,6-tribromo-2'-methoxy-1,1'-biphenyl (prepn. given) with Ph2PCl followed by isomerization gave 2',6-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-2-methoxy-1,1'-biphenyl (ligand 1); RuCl3/(+)-ligand 1-catalyzed hydrogenation of Et acetoacetate in EtOH at 50 Deg gave (S)-Et 3-hydroxybutyrate in 6h. [on SciFinder (R)]
Fast Setup and Robust WiFi Localization for the Exhibition Industry (2018)

With the prevalence of WiFi devices (e.g., smartphones), many new business opportunities are being spawned by exploiting the routes or locations of users. Nevertheless, most current approaches based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) usually assume that the targeted (tracked) devices have the transmission characteristics similar to the devices used for system training. This is far from the reality and may lead to considerable errors. We propose a robust localization approach which automatically infers a customized signal-strength-to-distance function for every device on-the-fly, and simultaneously estimates the location of it. This is achieved by first approximating the function with a set of piecewise linear functions, for each targeted device, and the parameters of the linear functions are updated, with an Expectation Maximum (EM) algorithm, when more and more RSSI data of the device are available. Specifically, during the expectation step of the EM algorithm, the location of the targeted device is estimated. Whereas in the maximization step of the algorithm, the parameters of the linear functions customized for that device are updated. As the approach is capable of learning the parameters during localization, training process or system calibration is unnecessary and thus the system setup time can be shortened. This feature is practical for meeting the special needs of the exhibition industry: extremely tight schedules for setting up the site from scratch and extremely large venues. With our testbeds, experimental results show that the mean localization error can be kept about 1.7 meters for different mobile devices with different transmission characteristics. A real-world test at Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC) was also conducted and various mobile devices can be tracked accurately with little setup time.
Abstract 14514: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Myocardial Feature Tracking for Optimized Prediction of Cardiovascular Events Following Myocardial Infarction (2017)

Introduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT) is a new method that allows accurate assessment of global and regional circumferential, radial and longitudinal myocard...
Trapped Field Profiles on Square GdBaCuO Bulks with Different Arrangement of Growth Sector Boundaries (2012)

Square GdBaCuO bulks with 45.2 ×45.2 mm2 in the ab-plane and 15 mm in thickness along the c-axis with different arrangements of growth sector boundaries (GSBs) were magnetized by a field-cooled magnetization (FCM), a zero-field cooled magnetization (ZFC), and a pulsed-field magnetization (PFM) and the trapped field profiles were measured. For the lower applied field in ZFC, the magnetic flux was trapped in the growth sector regions (GSRs), independent of the arrangement of GSBs. For the lower applied field in PFM, the magnetic flux was mainly trapped in the GSRs and an additional flux was also trapped at the sides in both bulks because of the complicated flux intrusion by the local heat generation. These bulks can trap a magnetic field as high as 7.5 T at 50 K by FCM without destruction. The magnetic flux intrusion and trapping for the square bulks were discussed.
Art et non-art (2002)

Cet article discute la thèse de Bergson suivant laquelle toute philosophie consiste en l’explicitation d’une intuition première. A travers l’exemple de Schopenhauer, il s’attache à montrer que le point de départ d’une philosophie n’est pas une intuition, mais un problème que le philosophe s’efforce de résoudre par une « création » de concepts.
A purification step prior to commercial sensitive immunoassay is necessary to achieve clinical usefulness when quantifying serum 17β-estradiol in prepubertal children (2008)

For determination of low serum 17beta-estradiol concentrations in children, an extraction step prior to commercial immunoassay is needed to achieve clinically useful results.
Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and the DNA damage response: rationale for cdk inhibitor–chemotherapy combinations as an anticancer strategy for solid tumors (2010)

New data demonstrate that cdks are 'master' regulators of DNA damage checkpoint and repair pathways. Cdk inhibition may therefore provide a means of potentiating the clinical activity of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer.
Eddy: a graphical editor for OWL 2 ontologies (2016)

We demonstrate Eddy, a new tool for designing ontologies specified in the GRAPHOL language. GRAPHOL is completely visual and fully captures OWL 2. Thus Eddy is the first ontology editor that allows to create OWL 2 ontologies by only using simple graphical editing features.
Integrative Produktion von Mikro-Lasern (2011)

Kap.7.3, S.1068-1114
Abstract 18705: The Association of Body Mass Index With Coronary Artery Calcium and Subsequent Mortality: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium (2017)

Introduction: Obesity is associated with multiple CVD risk factors as well as coronary artery calcium (CAC). CAC is a strong predictor of CHD and CVD mortality. It would then seem intuitive that an elevated BMI would be associated with higher risk for mortality but studies evaluating this association have frequently shown paradoxical results. Methods: The CAC Consortium is a multi-centered cohort of 66,636 individuals free of established CVD who underwent non-contrast cardiac-gated CAC testing for clinical indications. We included patients with data available to calculate BMI at the baseline assessment. Mortality was assessed through linkage to the Social Security Death Index and cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) for CAC according to clinically relevant BMI categories. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was be used to determine hazard ratios (HR) to assess the relationship between BMI and CHD, CVD, ...
Identification of Botnet Activity in IoT Network Traffic Using Machine Learning (2020)

Today our world benefits from Internet of Things (IoT) technology; however, new security problems arise when these IoT devices are introduced into our homes. Because many of these IoT devices have access to the Internet and they have little to no security, they make our smart homes highly vulnerable to compromise. Some of the threats include IoT botnets and generic confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) attacks. Our research explores botnet detection by experimenting with supervised machine learning and deep-learning classifiers. Further, our approach assesses classifier performance on unbalanced datasets that contain benign data, mixed in with small amounts of malicious data. We demonstrate that the classifiers can separate malicious activity from benign activity within a small IoT network dataset. The classifiers can also separate malicious activity from benign activity in increasingly larger datasets. Our experiments have demonstrated incremental improvement in results for (1) accuracy, (2) probability of detection, and (3) probability of false alarm. The best performance results include 99.9% accuracy, 99.8% probability of detection, and 0% probability of false alarm. This paper also demonstrates how the performance of these classifiers increases, as IoT training datasets become larger and larger.
DDOS attack identification via a silicon photonic Deep Neural Network with 50 GHz input and weight update (2023)

We experimentally demonstrate distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack identification using Deep Learning over a photonic neuromorphic engine that supports both input signal and weight update at 50 GHz, reporting a Cohen’s κ-score of 0.636.
Ability of canine Lyme disease vaccine to protect hamsters against infection with several isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi (1994)

We used flow cytometry to determine levels of borreliacidal antibodies in hamsters after vaccination with a commercially available canine Lyme disease vaccine. In addition, we evaluated the ability of vaccinated hamsters to resist infection with several isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi. Borreliacidal antibodies could be detected 1 week after a primary vaccination, peaked at weeks 3 to 5, and then rapidly declined. One week after a booster vaccination, borreliacidal activity was detected at a dilution of 1:10,240, and it decreased fourfold by week 10 after the booster vaccination. Vaccinated hamsters were protected against infection with < or = 10(6) B. burgdorferi 297 organisms during the peak borreliacidal response (5 weeks after primary vaccination or 2 weeks after booster vaccination). However, hamsters were not fully protected from development of Lyme arthritis when the titer of borreliacidal antibodies was < 1:5,120. In addition, no significant borreliacidal activity was induced against B. burgdorferi C-1-11, LV4, or BV1, which belong to three other seroprotective groups. These studies demonstrate that vaccination with the canine Lyme disease vaccine induces protective antibodies against B. burgdorferi 297. However, significant levels of borreliacidal antibodies are not produced until 5 weeks after vaccination, and protection is short-lived. In addition, no borreliacidal activity was induced against other isolates of B. burgdorferi. Because of this, the incorporation of multiple isolates or protein subunits may be necessary to increase the effectiveness of future vaccines.
Clustering With Constraints: Feasibility Issues and the k-Means Algorithm (2005)

Recent work has looked at extending the k-Means algorithm to incorporate background information in the form of instance level must-link and cannot-link constraints. We introduce two ways of specifying additional background information in the form of δ and ∊ constraints that operate on all instances but which can be interpreted as conjunctions or disjunctions of instance level constraints and hence are easy to implement. We present complexity results for the feasibility of clustering under each type of constraint individually and several types together. A key finding is that determining whether there is a feasible solution satisfying all constraints is, in general, NP-complete. Thus, an iterative algorithm such as k-Means should not try to find a feasible partitioning at each iteration. This motivates our derivation of a new version of the k-Means algorithm that minimizes the constrained vector quantization error but at each iteration does not attempt to satisfy all constraints. Using standard UCI datasets, we find that using constraints improves accuracy as others have reported, but we also show that our algorithm reduces the number of iterations until convergence. Finally, we illustrate these benefits and our new constraint types on a complex real world object identification problem using the infra-red detector on an Aibo robot.
Nonlinear simulation of digital RF transmitters under modulated excitation (2015)

A technology push towards digital radio frequency (RF) transmitters (DRFTx) is all apparent due to the many beneficial properties they offer. However, their distortion mechanisms pose a challenging problem for practical realizations. To a significant extend this is caused by the nature of the excitation signal. DRFTx are driven by a binary signal with rates in the Gbit/s domain and only a fraction of this signal constitutes the desired modulated RF output. All other signal components are required to achieve an energy efficient operation of the DRFTx's PA stage. Such significant cross dependencies call for nonlinear simulations that predict the behavior of a circuit in question. This paper addresses this issue by demonstrating a method that allows to predict a DRFTx's output time-domain waveform in a computational efficient manner. The underlying nonlinear model is based on readily available nonlinear transistor models within RF computer aided design (CAD) tools. Additionally this simulations are compared to measurements of the same amplifier in a lab setup.
The physics and micro-mechanics of nano-voids and nano-particles in polymer combinations (2013)

In this article the role of voids or particulate inclusions of different sizes on mechanical properties and particularly on toughness in several polymers is discussed. With decreasing void sizes and intervoid distances, the influence of the interphase material around the voids becomes more important and characteristic changes in the nano- and micro-deformation mechanisms appear. These mechanisms are revealed by several techniques of electron microscopy within rubber modified polymers, nanocomposites and nanofibres respectively. Three nanoscopic toughness enhancing mechanisms are described in detail: thin layer yielding, nanovoid-modulated craze-formation, and the core flattening mechanism. The action of these mechanisms constitutes a distinct advantage of nanovoids over microvoids.
Phase tuning of multiple Andreev reflections of Dirac fermions and the Josephson supercurrent in Al–MoTe 2 –Al junctions (2022)

When an electron is incident on a superconductor from a metal, it is reflected as a hole in a process called Andreev reflection. If the metal <i>N</i> is sandwiched between two superconductors <i>S</i> in an <i>SNS</i> junction, multiple Andreev reflections (MARs) occur. We have found that, in <i>SNS</i> junctions with high transparency ([Formula: see text]) based on the Dirac semimetal MoTe<sub>2</sub>, the MAR features are observed with exceptional resolution. By tuning the phase difference [Formula: see text] between the bracketing Al superconductors, we establish that the MARs coexist with a Josephson supercurrent [Formula: see text]. As we vary the junction voltage <i>V</i>, the supercurrent amplitude [Formula: see text] varies in step with the MAR order <i>n</i>, revealing a direct relation between them. Two successive Andreev reflections serve to shuttle a Cooper pair across the junction. If the pair is shuttled coherently, it contributes to [Formula: see text]. The experiment measures the fraction of pairs shuttled coherently vs. <i>V</i>. Surprisingly, superconductivity in MoTe<sub>2</sub> does not affect the MAR features.
Antagonist Targeting microRNA-155 Protects against Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in C57BL/6 Mice by Activating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (2016)

Epilepsy is a severe brain disorder affecting numerous patients. Recently, it is inferred that modulation of microRNA-155 (miR-155) could serve as a promising treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In the current study, the therapeutic potential of miR-155 antagonist against temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was evaluated and the underlying mechanism involved in this regulation was explored. TLE model was induced by lithium-pilocarpine method. The effect of miR-155 antagonist on epilepticus symptoms of TLE mice was assessed using Racine classification and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its association with miR-155 were also assessed with a series of experiments. Our results showed that level of miR-155 was significantly up-regulated after induction of TLE model. Based on the results of EEG and behavior analyses, seizures in mice were alleviated by miR-155 antagonist. Moreover, administration of miR-155 antagonist also significantly increased the level of BDNF. The results of dual luciferase assay and Western blotting showed that miR-155 antagonist exerted its action on status epilepticus by directly regulating the activity of BDNF. Taken all the information together, our results demonstrated that miR-155 antagonist might firstly induce the expression of BDNF, which then contributed to the alleviation of epilepsy in the current study.
Data from Radiation-Induced Enhancement of Antitumor T-cell Immunity by VEGF-Targeted 4-1BB Costimulation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Radiotherapy can elicit systemic immune control of local tumors and distant nonirradiated tumor lesions, known as the abscopal effect. Although this effect is enhanced using checkpoint blockade or costimulatory antibodies, objective responses remain suboptimal. As radiotherapy can induce secretion of VEGF and other stress products in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that targeting immunomodulatory drugs to such products will not only reduce toxicity but also broaden the scope of tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Using an oligonucleotide aptamer platform, we show that radiation-induced VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation potentiated both local tumor control and abscopal responses with equal or greater efficiency than 4-1BB, CTLA-4, or PD1 antibodies alone. Although 4-1BB and CTLA-4 antibodies elicited organ-wide inflammatory responses and tissue damage, VEGF-targeted 4-1BB costimulation produced no observable toxicity. These findings suggest that radiation-induced tumor-targeted immunotherapy can improve the therapeutic index and extend the reach of immunomodulatory agents. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(6); 1310–21. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Thick and freestanding MXene/PANI pseudocapacitive electrodes with ultrahigh specific capacitance (2018)

<italic>In situ</italic>deposition of PANI on the surface of MXenes leads to the fabrication of high performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Increased pulmonary neuroendocrine cells with bombesin-like immunoreactivity in adult patients with eosinophilic granuloma. (1990)

Cigarette smoking is associated with hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and variably increased levels of bombesin-like peptides in the lower respiratory tract. Because the neuropeptide bombesin is a chemoattractant for monocytes and a mitogen for 3T3 fibroblasts, we hypothesized that an excess of neuroendocrine cells and bombesin-like peptides could contribute to lung inflammation and fibrosis in certain cigarette smokers. Eosinophilic granuloma is a fibrotic lung disease of unknown etiology that in adults occurs almost invariably in cigarette smokers. We quantitated neuroendocrine cells with bombesin-like immunoreactivity in open lung biopsies from patients with eosinophilic granuloma (n = 6) and compared these with cigarette smokers (n = 6) who underwent lung resection for reasons other than primary lung disease. In addition, we compared them with patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 8), a disease not associated with cigarette smoking. Finally, we also examined the mitogenic effect of bombesin on cultured human adult lung fibroblasts. The patients with eosinophilic granuloma exhibited a 10-fold increase in neuroendocrine cells with bombesin-like immunoreactivity compared to both smokers (P = 0.005) and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (P = 0.005). In addition, bombesin produced a significant mitogenic effect on cultured human adult lung fibroblasts at concentrations of 1 nM and above. We conclude that increased numbers of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells with bombesin-like immunoreactivity are commonly found in patients with eosinophilic granuloma and, since bombesin-like peptides are chemotactic for monocytes and mitogenic for human lung fibroblasts, we speculate that neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia may be important in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic granuloma in adult cigarette smokers.
A Diagnostic Tree Approach for Fault Cause Identification in the Attitude Control Subsystem of Satellites (2009)

Space and Earth observation programs demand stringent guarantees ensuring smooth and reliable operations of space vehicles and satellites. Due to unforeseen circumstances and naturally occurring faults, it is desired that a fault-diagnosis system be capable of detecting, isolating, identifying, or classifying faults in the system. Unfortunately, none of the existing fault-diagnosis methodologies alone can meet all the requirements of an ideal fault- diagnosis system due to the variety of fault types, their severity, and handling mechanisms. However, it is possible to overcome these shortcomings through the integration of different existing fault-diagnosis methodologies. In this paper, a novel learning-based, diagnostic-tree approach is proposed which complements and strengthens existing efficient fault detection mechanisms with an additional ability to classify different types of faults to effectively determine potential fault causes in a subsystem of a satellite. This extra capability serves as a semiautomatic diagnostic decision support aid to expert human operators at ground stations and enables them to determine fault causes and to take quick and efficient recovery/reconfiguration actions. The developed diagnosis/analysis procedure exploits a qualitative technique denoted as diagnostic tree (DX-tree) analysis as a diagnostic tool for fault cause analysis in the attitude control subsystem (ACS) of a satellite. DX-trees constructed by our proposed machine-learning-based automatic tree synthesis algorithm are demonstrated to be able to determine both known and unforeseen combinations of events leading to different fault scenarios generated through synthetic attitude control subsystem data of a satellite. Though the immediate application of our proposed approach would be at ground stations, the proposed technique has potential for being integrated with causal model-based diagnosis and recovery techniques for future autonomous space vehicle missions.
Shallow Water Wave Models with and without Singular Kernel: Existence, Uniqueness, and Similarities (2017)

After the recent introduction of the Caputo‐Fabrizio derivative by authors of the same names, the question was raised about an eventual comparison with the old version, namely, the Caputo derivative. Unlike Caputo derivative, the newly introduced Caputo‐Fabrizio derivative has no singular kernel and the concern was about the real impact of this nonsingularity on real life nonlinear phenomena like those found in shallow water waves. In this paper, a nonlinear Sawada‐Kotera equation, suitable in describing the behavior of shallow water waves, is comprehensively analyzed with both types of derivative. In the investigations, various fixed‐point theories are exploited together with the concept of Piccard ‐stability. We are then able to obtain the existence and uniqueness results for the models with both versions of derivatives. We conclude the analysis by performing some numerical approximations with both derivatives and graphical simulations being presented for some values of the derivative order γ . Similar behaviors are pointed out and they concur with the expected multisoliton solutions well known for the Sawada‐Kotera equation. This great observation means either of both derivatives is suitable to describe the motion of shallow water waves.