gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and controller design of high voltage gain DC-DC converter with multi-cell diode-capacitor network (2016)

The novel DC-DC converter composed of multi-cell diode-capacitor network provides a simple solution for high step-up power conversion in renewable energy applications. With regard to the uni-directional power flow of the diodes, multi-capacitors are naturally charged in parallel, and discharged in series. Thus, high voltage gain is achieved without extreme large duty ratio of power devices. Furthermore, it does not increase the complexity of control circuit due to only one fully controllable power device. However, a lot of passive components increase the order of system model and complexity. This paper proposes a new modeling approach to get the reduced model for high voltage gain DC-DC converter with multi-cell diode-capacitor network. Then, the linear closed-loop controller is designed based on the reduced model in frequency domain. Finally, simulation and experiment are implemented to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the reduced-order modeling approach. And it contributes to the simplification of controller system, which is very promising in high voltage gain DC-DC converter with multi-cell diode-capacitor/inductor network in the renewable energy application.
Levels of (S)-N'-Nitrosonornicotine in U.S. Tobacco Products (2012)

Our results demonstrate that (S)-NNN is the predominant NNN enantiomer in moist snuff, novel smokeless tobacco products, and cigarettes currently marketed in the United States. Efforts toward the reduction of NNN in U.S. tobacco products should take into account its enantiomeric composition, with particular focus on (S)-NNN as a causative agent for esophageal and oral cancers associated with tobacco use.
Supplementary Information from A Gene Expression Signature for Relapse of Primary Wilms Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Information from A Gene Expression Signature for Relapse of Primary Wilms Tumors
Entropy Control of the Cross-Reaction between Carbon-Centered and Nitroxide Radicals (2001)

Absolute rate constants for the cross-coupling reaction of several carbon-centered radicals with various nitroxides and their temperature dependence have been determined in liquids by kinetic absorption spectroscopy. The rate constants range from <2 x 10(5) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) to 2.3 x 10(9) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) and depend strongly on the structure of the nitroxide and the carbon-centered radical. Grossly, they decrease with increasing rate constant of the cleavage of the corresponding alkoxyamine. In many cases, the temperature dependence shows a non-Arrhenius behavior. A model assuming a short-lived intermediate that is hindered to form the coupling product by an unfavorable activation entropy leads to a satisfactory analytic description. However, the behavior is more likely due to a barrierless single-step reaction with a low exothermicity where the free energy of activation is dominated by a large negative entropy term.
적응적 NMS와 관심점에 기반한 효율적인 특징추출 알고리즘 (2012)

본 논문은 Markless AR(Augmented Reality)에서 가장 많이 활용되는 SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features) 기법의 효율성을 높인 새로운 특징 추출 알고리즘을 제시한다. 기존의 SURF 알고리즘은 불변 특징점을 보장하기 위해 Scale Pyramid를 이용하며 고정된 크기의 블록단위 NMS(Non-Maximum Suppression)를 사용하기 때문에 많은 계산이 요구된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 관심점에서만 특징점을 구하는 적응적 NMS 기법을 제시하여, Scale Pyramid를 사용하지 않고 불변 특징점을 보장하면서 동시에 관심 영역에서 적응적 NMS를 수행함으로써 연산을 줄이는 효율적인 특징 추출 알고리즘을 개발하였다.
Towns (1990)

Don't you think that the overgrown size of our metropolis is one great cause of the frivolousness, idleness and debauchery of the times; I have often wondered that the Legislature has not long since labour'd to put bounds to its increase, for it is really too big for the good observance of the Law or the Gospel … a weak Police can lay but little restraint upon such multitudes. (Joseph Yorke concerning London, 1763)1 Any assessment of the importance or growth of towns is made difficult by problems of definition. Legal definitions paid only limited attention to size or function. In the region of Aix-en-Provence all built-up areas surrounded by walls and provided with royal justice were defined as towns. In Poland towns were legally incorporated institutions. Settlements without owners were defined as towns in Russia, and though they differed greatly in age, size and other factors, they were all subject to the same laws and regulations and contrasted legally with settlements that were the property of an individual or an institution. Such definitions were of limited value. They classified as towns settlements that were functionally villages and conversely, though less seriously on the whole, ignored important settlements. Part of the problem with terminology therefore is that there was no agreed contemporary functional definition of a town, and it is dangerous to impose modern notions.
Analysis Of FEL Optical Systems With Grazing Incidence Mirrors (1986)

The use of grazing incidence optics in resonators alleviates the problem of damage to the optical elements and permits higher powers in cavities of reasonable dimensions for a free electron laser (FEL). The design and manufacture of a grazing incidence beam expander for the Los Alamos FEL mock-up has been completed. In this paper, we describe the analysis of a bare cavity, grazing incidence optical beam expander for an FEL system. Since the existing geometrical and physical optics codes were inadequate for such an analysis, the GLAD code was modified to include global coordinates, exact conic representation, raytracing, and exact aberration features to determine the alignment sensitivities of laser resonators. A resonator cavity has been manufactured and experimentally setup in the Optical Evaluation Laboratory at Los Alamos. Calculated performance is compared with the laboratory measurements obtained so far.
Redox Signaling Is an Early Event in the Pathogenesis of Renovascular Hypertension (2013)

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a critical role in the development of chronic renal damage in patients with renovascular hypertension. Although angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, it is not known how these pathways intersect to produce chronic renal damage. We tested the hypothesis that renal parenchymal cells are subjected to oxidant stress early in the development of RVH and produce signals that promote influx of inflammatory cells, which may then propagate chronic renal injury. We established a reproducible murine model of RVH by placing a tetrafluoroethylene cuff on the right renal artery. Three days after cuff placement, renal tissue demonstrates no histologic abnormalities despite up regulation of both pro- and anti-oxidant genes. Mild renal atrophy was observed after seven days and was associated with induction of Tnfα and influx of CD3⁺ T cells and F4/80⁺ macrophages. By 28 days, kidneys developed severe renal atrophy with interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, despite normalization of plasma renin activity. Based on these considerations, we propose that renal parenchymal cells initiate a progressive cascade of events leading to oxidative stress, interstitial inflammation, renal fibrosis, and atrophy.
Sheets of Large Superhydrophobic Metal Particles Self Assembled on Water by the Cheerios Effect (2008)

A copper-rich cereal: Superhydrophobic copper particles show a very large Cheerios effect and rapidly self-assemble into robust sheets on the surface of water. These sheets can support objects (including water drops, see photo) placed on them, even though the irregular geometry of the particles means that they contain macroscopic holes. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
More than ten percent of relapses occur after five years in AML patients with NPM1 mutation (2020)

International audience
A new energy management approach for user-centric applications (2010)

Reducing energy consumption has become an important design problem. Although most of consumer electronic systems are user centric existing energy management methods are device centric. The methods either assume unchangeable operational environment or rely on very simplified policies, which eventually lead to large energy losses. In this paper we present a new energy management approach that allows systems to monitor their users for energy saving. We discuss applications of this novel approach in personal computers, television sets and home automation system and show the results of their experimental evaluation.
Development of Metal-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Reactions (2019)

Carboxylic acids are a ubiquitous class of molecules in the field of organic chemistry and represent versatile building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Methods that enable the formation of new carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds from carboxylic acids via the extrusion of carbon dioxide can present complementary reactivity and chemoselectivity to alternative cross-coupling reactions that use preformed organometallics reagents. While most carboxylic acids are typically considered stable, several strategies have been developed to promote decarboxylation and subsequent functionalization. This thesis describes the development of new methods for the decarboxylative functionalization of aliphatic carboxylic acids, using Cu, Ir, and Pd-catalysis.
Weighted OFDM for wireless multipath channels (2000)

In this paper the novel method of "weighted OFDM" is addressed. Different types of weighting factors (including Rectangular, Bartlett, Gaussian. Raised cosine, Half-sin and Shanon) are considered. The impact of weighting of OFDM on the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is investigated by means of simulation and is compared for the above mentioned weighting factors. Results show that by weighting of the OFDM signal the PAPR reduces. Bit error performance of weighted multicarrier transmission over a multipath channel is also investigated. Results indicate that there is a trade off between PAPR reduction and bit error performance degradation by weighting.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RANIBIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION DUE TO UNCOMMON CAUSE (2017)

Ranibizumab 0.5 mg resulted in clinically significant treatment effect versus sham at Month 2. Overall, ranibizumab was effective in treating choroidal neovascularization of various etiologies with no new safety findings.
Human capital and the internationalization of venture capital firms (2006)

We examine the neglected area of internationalisation by VCs. Using a representative sample of 195 VCs, we show that the decision of a European VC firm to invest internationally is driven by its human resources. Having more VC executives in general and more VC executives with previous international experience in specific, results in a higher probability of investing internationally. In contrast, more VC executives with experience in the VC industry or with an engineering background lead to a higher probability of remaining domestic.
Flight response to spatial and temporal correlates informs risk from wind turbines to the California Condor (2018)

Wind power is a fast-growing energy resource, but wind turbines can kill volant wildlife, and the flight behavior of obligate soaring birds can place them at risk of collision with these structures. We analyzed altitudinal data from GPS telemetry of critically endangered California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) to assess the circumstances under which their flight behavior may place them at risk from collision with wind turbines. Condor flight behavior was strongly influenced by topography and land cover, and birds flew at lower altitudes and closer to the rotor-swept zone of wind turbines when over ridgelines and steep slopes and over forested and grassland cover types. Condor flight behavior was temporally predictable, and birds flew lower and closer to the rotor-swept zone during early morning and evening hours and during the winter months, when thermal updrafts were weakest. Although condors only occasionally flew at altitudes that placed them in the rotor-swept zone of turbines, they regularly flew near or within wind resource areas preferred by energy developers. Practitioners aiming to mitigate collision risk to this and other soaring bird species of conservation concern can consider the manner in which flight behavior varies temporally and in response to areas of high topographic relief and proximity to nocturnal roosting sites. By contrast, collision risk to large soaring birds from turbines should be relatively lower over flatter and less rugged areas and in habitat used during daytime soaring.
A quasioptical resonant-tunneling-diode oscillator operating above 200 GHz (1993)

A quasioptical resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) oscillator is demonstrated at frequencies above 200 GHz. The oscillator is stabilized by a semiconfocal open cavity. The maximum output power and the linewidth are approximately 50 mu W and 20 kHz, respectively, at a fundamental frequency of 210 GHz. By varying the cavity length, the oscillator frequency can be adjusted over a 0.4-GHz range in a repetitive manner. This behavior is explained by analogy with laser oscillators. The quasioptical RTD oscillator is well suited as a local oscillator for low-power radiometric mixers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computational Design of Protein-Based Inhibitors of Plasmodium vivax Subtilisin-Like 1 Protease (2014)

Despite the challenges related to the lack of an experimental structure of PvSUB1, the computational protocol we developed in this study led to the design of protein-based inhibitors of PvSUB1. The approach we describe in this paper, together with other examples, demonstrates the capabilities of computational procedures to accelerate and guide the design of novel proteins with interesting therapeutic applications.
Ontogeny of Allergy (1998)

Sensitization, as proven by the demonstration of low levels of immunoglobin E (IgE) antibodies directed against environmental allergens, appears to be part of the normal immune response (1). In most instances these antibodies are only temporary, as the continuing IgE antibody formation is rapidly suppressed. But when genetically predisposed individuals are exposed to an allergen at a time when the regulation of the immune system is immature, then higher levels of IgE antilbodies, lasting for a long time, may appear. The more susceptible to sensitization the individual is, the lower is the allergen dose needed for this to occur. The fact that an individual is sensitized does not, however, necessarily mean that clinical symptoms, i.e., allergic disease, will develop. It is not known which factors decide what allergic manifestations will appear in an atopic individual, e.g., whether he or she will suffer from atopic dermatitis, asthma, hay fever, gastrointestinal allergy, or several of them. It is likely, however, that the selection of a target organ is also at least partially under genetic control.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE ON 52 PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS (2006)

IC patients suffered from severe symptoms for a long time without correct diagnosis or proper treatments. Hydrodistension was effective for IC patients, especially for ulcer type, combined with TUC.
Polyplex Micelles with Phenylboronate/Gluconamide Cross-Linking in the Core Exerting Promoted Gene Transfection through Spatiotemporal Responsivity to Intracellular pH and ATP Concentration (2017)

Polyplexes as gene delivery carriers require integrated functionalities to modulate intracellular trafficking for efficient gene transfection. Herein, we developed plasmid DNA (pDNA)-loaded polyplex micelles (PMs) from poly(ethylene glycol)-based block catiomers derivatized with 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (FPBA) and d-gluconamide to form pH- and ATP-responsive cross-linking in the core. These PMs exhibited robustness in the extracellular milieu and smooth endosomal escape after cellular uptake, and they facilitated pDNA decondensation triggered by increased ATP concentration inside of the cell. Laser confocal microscopic observation revealed that FPBA installation enhanced the endosomal escapability of the PMs; presumably, this effect resulted from the facilitated endo-/lysosomal membrane disruption triggered by the released block catiomers with hydrophobic FPBA moieties in the side chain from the PM at lower pH condition of endo-/lysosomes. Furthermore, the profile of intracellular pDNA decondensation from the PMs was monitored using Förster resonance energy transfer measurement by flow cytometry; these observations confirmed that PMs optimized for ATP-responsivity exerted effective intracellular decondensation of loaded pDNA to attain promoted gene transfection.
Spontaneous Echo Contrast Following Delivery of a Shock From a Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (1995)

Spontaneous echo contrast has never been described in association with cardiac defibrillation. In this report, we present a patient who developed dense echo contrast as a result of a shock delivered from a transvenous defibrillator system.
Photoluminescent Siloxenes in Nanoporous Aluminum Oxide (1998)

Light-emitting silicon systems are of interest both scientifically and technologically. Luminescence can arise either from silicon structures or from siloxene-like systems. The formation of photoluminescent siloxenes by spontaneous decomposition of silanes in the channels of aluminum oxide membranes is reported, which opens up simple novel routes to stable light-emitting systems. The advantages of using nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes are discussed, the presence of siloxene layers on the pore surfaces is proved, and the photoluminescence data are presented.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosylated Amino Acids with Lactams as Peptide Building Blocks (1999)

Readily available by lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution or from a chiral pool, β-, γ-, and δ-lactams can be used as peptide building blocks for the synthesis of C-glycosylated amino acids 1. By reaction with glycosyl dianions, metabolic stable glycosylated amino acids can be prepared diastereoselectively. Ac=acetyl; Bn=benzyl; Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl; R=Et, Bn; R′=H, alkyl; n=1–3.
Performance of low power RFID tags based on modulated backscattering (2016)

National audience
Sensory gating and alpha‐7 nicotinic receptor gene allelic variants in schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type (2006)

In persons with bipolar type schizoaffective disorder, CHRNA7 promoter region allelic variants are linked to the capacity to inhibit the P50 auditory evoked potential and thus are associated with a type of illness genetically and biologically more similar to schizophrenia.
pVHL suppresses kinase activity of Akt in a proline-hydroxylation–dependent manner (2016)

Activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt promotes the survival and proliferation of various cancers. Hypoxia promotes the resistance of tumor cells to specific therapies. We therefore explored a possible link between hypoxia and Akt activity. We found that Akt was prolyl-hydroxylated by the oxygen-dependent hydroxylase EglN1. The von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) bound directly to hydroxylated Akt and inhibited Akt activity. In cells lacking oxygen or functional pVHL, Akt was activated to promote cell survival and tumorigenesis. We also identified cancer-associated Akt mutations that impair Akt hydroxylation and subsequent recognition by pVHL, thus leading to Akt hyperactivation. Our results show that microenvironmental changes, such as hypoxia, can affect tumor behaviors by altering Akt activation, which has a critical role in tumor growth and therapeutic resistance.
Basic experiment on collecting library user behavior information with the application of IC tags: (2020)

図書館における利用者行動の調査や，その調査をもとにした利用者行動を分析する研究は少ない．それは，利用者の行動情報を，観察法という手法を用いて取得する困難さがあるからである．本実験の目的は，図書館を移動する利用者が持つカード（ICタグ付き）情報を，無線技術を用いて取得できる可能性があるかを確認することである．使用する機器については，図書館ですでに用いられているRFID機器を用いた．既存の機器が転用できれば利用可能性が高まると判断したからである．今回は，基礎的な実験のため，1)カード情報を受けるアンテナの特性を分析し（受信可能な範囲を特定すること），2)アンテナ特性と共に，アンテナとカードの間で，情報取得が可能な条件（電波の水分による影響を受けない条件）を確定すること，3)利用者が書架間に入る情報を取得するために必要なアンテナ位置等の条件を確認することの3点をまとめた．その結果，1)図書館で利用しているアンテナ（貸出し返却時に机上で使用する平面アンテナの場合）には指向性が高く，狭い範囲でのみカード情報を取得できることが判明した．また，2)今回利用したRFID機器は水分の影響を強く受けるUHF波を使用しており，人体からカードをある程度離すための解決策を講じる必要を確認し，解決策の一つを提示できた．3)の利用者が書架間に入る情報の取得は，アンテナの角度や高さを調整することで検知可能であることが判明した．ただし，比較的狭い範囲での検知なので，複数のアンテナで補完する必要性も感じた．図書館で利用されている機器を使うという条件下ではあったが，移動する利用者の情報を検知することは十分に可能で，アンテナ特性を変更する（アンテナ機種自体の変更も含め）ことで，より精緻な移動情報が取得可能であることも確認できた．
Correlations of Electronic and Chemical State on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Dense Thin-Film Cathode Surfaces (2009)

We report on the surface topography, electron tunneling and chemical characteristics of 10nm- and 50nm-thick La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSM) thin-films at temperatures up to 580oC in 10-3 mbar oxygen pressure, using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). Coarsening of the grains was found on the 10nm-thick LSM film. High resolution mapping of the tunneling spectra onto the surface topography showed a higher electron exchange rate at select grain boundaries compared to grain surfaces. A threshold-like drop in the tunneling current was observed at positive bias in STS, and is suggested as a unique indicator to the activation polarization in cation-oxygen bonding on LSM. Sr-enrichment and Mn-depletion were found on the surface at high temperature using Auger electron spectroscopy, accompanied by a reduction in tunneling conductance in STS. This suggests that the Mn-terminated surfaces are more active for electron exchange in oxygen reduction compared to the (La,Sr)-terminated surfaces on LSM.
Automatizing MiniRhizotron Image Acquisition (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Minirhizotron (MR) imaging systems are key instruments to study the hidden half of plants and ecosystems, i.e. roots, mycorrhiza and their interactions with pathogens, fauna etc. in the rhizosphere. However, despite scarce data on the &amp;amp;#8216;hidden half&amp;amp;#8217; of plants and ecosystems, e.g. needed for better understanding species&amp;amp;#8217; ecophysiology, breeding resource efficient crops or determining soil C input, the technological advances remained yet limited.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We designed and build an automatic, modular MR camera system for permanent operation in situ, combining state-of-the-art imaging sensors (UHD VIS and certain near infrared (NIR) wavebands) with mechatronic automation to allow for effective and precise imaging of MR tubes. The system consists of a MR camera &amp;amp;#8216;carrier system&amp;amp;#8217; (i.e. for camera positioning, scheduling and processing of images, interconnectivity) for 7 cm diameter, up to 2 m long, MR tubes installed in situ (fields to forests), and two interchangeable camera modules to be used with the carrier system. The first module is a cost-effective UHD RGB module and the second module combines VIS and selected multispectral (NIR) wavebands--potentially allowing for advanced image processing such as root classification (age, branching order etc.) and approximation of selected soil properties (soil water content, C contents etc.).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The presented technology has the potential to benefit society both indirectly via improving the capacity of the research community to study root and rhizosphere systems (e.g. in a C budgeting, or plant breeding context), and is, beside automatic image analysis, a prerequisite for making root development information available to stakeholders in real time (e.g. to farmers for precision irrigation). Additional benefits of an automatic MR system such as precise stitching (for creating &amp;amp;#8216;panoramic&amp;amp;#8217; images) and creation of &amp;amp;#8216;super resolution&amp;amp;#8217; images are discussed.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;