gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 Mac Protocol on FPGA (2012)

The IEEE 802.15.4 is a wireless standard introduced for low power, low cost wireless communication with moderate data rates. In the next few years, it is expected that Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) will be used in a wide variety of embedded applications, including home automation, industrial sensing and control, environmental monitoring and sensing. In these applications, numerous embedded devices running on batteries are distributed in an area communicating via wireless radios. This work presents a method which can be used for comparing current consumption of wireless data transfer embedded systems. This paper implements a small subset of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol to achieve a point to point communication. The implemented protocol uses 802.15.4 MAC compliant data and acknowledgment packets. Current consumption is measured while doing one data packet transmission. Measurements are compared with existing work. IEEE 802.15.4 protocol implementation is done using Verilog language. Code implementation is done in such a manner so that it can be ported to any platform with minimal changes. It can also be modified to suit any special experimental setup requirements.
Laser-Light-Scattering Study of Internal Motions of Polymer Chains Grafted on Spherical Latex Particles (2004)

Using atom-transfer radical polymerization, we have prepared core−shell particles by grafting thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains on a spherical polystyrene latex core (with a radius of ∼287 nm) via the “grafting-from” approach. As the temperature increases from 25 °C to 35 °C, the PNIPAM shell shrinks from a thickness of 625 nm to 110 nm and the chain density near the core increases from 7.3 × 10-3 g/cm3 to 7.2 × 10-2 g/cm3. Using such core−shell particles, we have, for the first time, been able to study dynamics of long chains anchored on a particle in dilute dispersion by laser-light scattering. Our results showed that, besides the translational diffusion of the particle as a whole, there also exists an additional slow relaxation mode that is only observable at larger scattering vectors (q),which are presumably related to internal motions of the shell. In the fully swollen state, the relaxation rate of the slow motion (〈Γ〉slow) is insensitive to the observation length (1/q); however, its contribution to the scattering intensity (Aslow) increases as q increases. In the shrunken state, 〈Γ〉slow slightly decreases as q increases. 〈Γ〉slow can be scaled to the shell thickness (〈L〉brush) as 〈Γ〉slow ∝ , with α = −2.5 ± 0.2, which is smaller than the predicated value of 3.
Effect of Acute Propanil Exposure on the Immune Response of C57BI/6 Mice (1989)

Effect of Acute Propanil Exposure on the Immune Response of C57BI/6 Mice. BARNETT, J. B., AND GANDY, J. (1989). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 12, 757–764. Propanil is a herbicide that is used extensively in rice farming to kill weeds without damaging the rice plant The immunotoxic effects of acute exposure to propanil were determined in adult C57B1/6 female mice exposed intraperitoneally to propanil at doses of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100,200, or 400 mg/kg body wt. One week following exposure, the immune competency of the animals was assessed. Contact hypersensitivity response (CHR), blastogenic response to T- and B-cell-specific mitogens, and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were significantly depressed only in propanil-treated animals at 400 mg/kg. However, the number of splenic antibody-producing cells was also significantly depressed in a dose-dependent manner at the lower doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. In addition, a significant reduction in the thymus weight and an increase in absolute and relative spleen weight were also measured in animals treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg. The increase in spleen weight also showed a concomitant rise in spleen cellularity. These data indicate that propanil has a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on the adult mouse that affects primarily the humoral response
Multi-dimensionality of Pastoral Counseling-With Reference to John Patton`s Three Paradigms and Case Analysis of Anxiety (2015)

이 논문은 목회상담에서 이론과 실천이 어떻게 연관되며, 이를 통해 목회상담의 다차원적 성격을 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 불안을 주제로 한 세 가지 임상 사례가 소개될 것이며, 상담을 진행하면서 생겨나는 임상적이고 신학적인 통찰을 관련된 이론을 바탕으로 논의할 것이다. 이를 위해 미국의 존 패튼o(Jhn Patton)의 목회상담과 돌봄에 대한 세 가지 패러다임 이론을 변용시켜 목회상담의 신학적 차원, 임상적 차원, 공동체적 차원, 상황적 차원을 구분하고, 실제 사례에서 이러한 차원들이 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이렇게 목회상담의 네 가지 차원을 이해하고, 상담과 돌봄의 진전에 따라 이 네 가지 차원을 자유롭게 넘나들며 그 풍부한 자원을 이용하는 것이 목회상담의 특징이요, 정체성이라고 주장하는 것이 이 논문의 논지이다.
Purification and Characterization of ATM from Human Placenta (2000)

ATM is mutated in the human genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia, which is characterized by ataxia, immune defects, and cancer predisposition. Cells that lack ATM exhibit delayed up-regulation of p53 in response to ionizing radiation. Serine 15 of p53 is phosphorylated in vivo in response to ionizing radiation, and antibodies to ATM immunoprecipitate a protein kinase activity that, in the presence of manganese, phosphorylates p53 at serine 15. Immunoprecipitates of ATM also phosphorylate PHAS-I in a manganese-dependent manner. Here we have purified ATM from human cells using nine chromatographic steps. Highly purified ATM phosphorylated PHAS-I, the 32-kDa subunit of RPA, serine 15 of p53, and Chk2 in vitro. The majority of the ATM phosphorylation sites in Chk2 were located in the amino-terminal 57 amino acids. In each case, phosphorylation was strictly dependent on manganese. ATM protein kinase activity was inhibited by wortmannin with an IC(50) of approximately 100 nM. Phosphorylation of RPA, but not p53, Chk2, or PHAS-I, was stimulated by DNA. The related protein, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, also phosphorylated PHAS-I, RPA, and Chk2 in the presence of manganese, suggesting that the requirement for manganese is a characteristic of this class of enzyme.
Computer-Aided Concept Models and Methods for Vehicle Design (2009)

This paper discusses drivers and challenges in vehicle concept design to derive new requirements for computer-aided support. The main challenges discussed are supporting functional, systems and multidisciplinary thinking and modeling in addition to more traditional drivers, e.g. reducing time-to-market. The paper re-thinks the requirements and needs for concept models and methods from a fundamental viewpoint by reviewing the process for concept design and its major tasks. A framework is then presented, based on the VDI 2221, that links computer-aided models, methods and tools for concept design to major tasks. Key challenges for providing improved computational support are then discussed. Focus is placed on developing extended product models that incorporate requirements, functions and conceptual solutions, in addition to product structure, and related new methods for automatically generating alternative concepts and solutions. Finally, three examples of ongoing research aimed at providing improved computer support for concept design are presented using vehicle applications: gearbox design automation, SysML as a modeling language for concept modeling of technical systems and an extended product model and method for automated synthesis of powertrain architectures.
Cooperative Robotic System to Support Surgical Interventions (2008)

Currently computer assisted surgery is dominated by use of navigation systems. These systems track the position of surgical instruments by the use of a 3D digitizing system and insert a corresponding symbol in the pre-operative image on the computer screen. First originating from applications in neurosurgery, Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) and spinal surgery, such systems have found wide acceptance in most bone-related surgical interventions. However, surgical instruments are still guided manually. Unintentional deviations caused, for example, by hand tremor, slipping or inhomogeneous bone structure can occur. Robotic systems for computer assisted surgery have gained a lot of interest and are investigated by several research groups, but they are rarely found in clinical practice. The concept of commercial systems like Robodoc (Kazanzides, 1999) and CASPAR (Grueneis, 1999), which have been introduced for milling the stem cavity in total hip replacement surgery, has turned out to be not convincing. Many of those have been removed from the OR. There are other robotic solutions for surgery, including tele-manipulator systems like the daVinci system from Intuitive Surgical Inc., and robots for endoscope guidance in abdominal surgery, like the AESOP system (developed by Computer Motion, Inc.) or the EndoAssist from Armstrong Healthcare However, the operational mode of these systems is not based on computer assisted pre-operative planning and intraoperative registration, and they will not be discussed in this paper. The interaction between surgeon and robotic system is a very important issue when thinking about its introduction within surgical interventions. Autonomous systems have lost acceptance in the surgical community because the surgeon wants to be in charge of the operation instead of acting only as an observer. In such scenario, the human experience, intuition, capability of react in front of unexpected situations is lost. An alternative solution is to provide a cooperative system where benefits of both can be derived. Some work has been done in relation to haptic interface for direct cooperation between surgeon and robot. Robotic systems like the JHU Steady Hand Robot from the Johns Hopkins University
Nodule Detection with Convolutional Neural Network Using Apache Spark and GPU Frameworks (2021)

In the pharmaceutical field, early detection of lung nodules is indispensable for increasing patient survival. We can enhance the quality of the medical images by intensifying the radiation dose. High radiation dose provokes cancer, which forces experts to use limited radiation. Using abrupt radiation generates noise in CT scans. We propose an optimal Convolutional Neural Network model in which Gaussian noise is removed for better classification and increased training accuracy. Experimental demonstration on the LUNA16 dataset of size 160 GB shows that our proposed method exhibit superior results. Classification accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, Precision, Recall, F1 measurement, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model performance are taken as evaluation metrics. We conducted a performance comparison of our proposed model on numerous platforms, like Apache Spark, GPU, and CPU, to depreciate the training time without compromising the accuracy percentage. Our results show that Apache Spark, integrated with a deep learning framework, is suitable for parallel training computation with high accuracy.
Resistance Exercise And The Transcriptional Co-activator Pgc-1α4 Enhance Skeletal Muscle Glycolytic Metabolism (2021)

Aerobic exercise training upregulates the expression of the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α, resulting in improved oxidative metabolism and increased insulin sensitivity. Resistance exercise training (RET) is also an effective therapyfor enhancing insulin sensitivity, but the mechanisms by which RET increases insulin sensitivity are poorly understood. An isoform of the PGC-1α gene, PGC-1α4, is known to promote hypertrophy and strength, hallmark adaptations of RET. However, other metabolic effects of PGC-1α4 in response to RET in skeletal muscle are unknown. PURPOSE: Toinvestigate the roles of PGC-1α4 and RET on glycolytic metabolism regulation in skeletal muscle. METHODS: Muscle biopsies were obtained from male and female subjects before and after a single resistance exercise session (RE) and before and after 12 weeks of RET in young and older subjects. Activity of key glycolytic enzymes was measured using kit assays, and mRNA expression of PGC-1α isoforms was measured by qPCR. PGC-1α isoform protein abundance was measured by immunoblotting. In other experiments using C2C12 myotubestransfected with adenovirus overexpressing PGC-1α4 or anempty vector we measured glucose uptake, glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and the expression of key glycolytic proteins. RESULTS: We observed elevated activity of hexokinase (2.0 ± 0.3 nmol/mg/min) and phosphofructokinase (82 ± 22 nmol/mg/min) after RE (P < 0.05), and elevated hexokinase activity (0.9 ± 0.3 nmol/mg/min) after RET (P < 0.05). mRNA expression of PGC-1α4 was increased after RE (P < 0.05), but PGC-1α4 protein expression was only increased following RET. In myotubes overexpressing PGC-1α4, glucose uptake was increased by nearly 2-fold (P < 0.05), concomitant with increased glycolysis and glycolytic capacity (P < 0.05).PGC-1α4 overexpression also resulted in a robust increase in the expression of multiple glycolytic proteins (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that PGC-1α4 regulates glycolytic metabolism. Important next steps will be to 1) identify if PGC-1α4 is required for the RET effect on glycolysis, and 2) determine if RET-mediated improvements in glycolysis are critical for enhancing insulin sensitivity.
Exponential stability of uncertain time-delayed systems (2004)

This paper provides a new criterion for exponential stability (with guaranteed decay rate) of a class of uncertain systems with multiple time-varying delays and nonlinear uncertainties by utilizing Halanay inequality. Time delays in this paper are assumed to be bounded and arbitrarily time-varying. Our results are less conservative and easier to check than some existing ones. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our main results.
Effect of Materialism on the Use of the Brand Name in Purchasing Decisions from a Cross-Cultural Perspective (2013)

The effect of materialism on consumers’ tendency to use the brand name (TBN) as the main criterion in purchasing decisions is analysed along with how this can change depending on the main socio-demographic variables (sex and age). Data from Russian and Spanish consumers are analysed in final samples of 321 (Spain) and 375 (Russia). The design is similar to that of an adaptive sample Web method. For purposes of representativeness, both samples meet the minimum quotas for gender, age and habitat. The results show that different dimensions of materialism affect TBN in different ways and consumers with a high level of TBN also present a higher level of materialism. Firms could use the differences in how materialism influences the TBN of “new” consumers vs. “experienced” ones when developing communication and branding strategies or for international segmentation of markets. The paper also contributes to a deeper understanding of the nature of the demand for brand name products.
Process Control for Robot Based Additive Manufacturing (2019)

In this paper a new control system for robot based additive manufacturing is presented. The paper summarizes the results of an ongoing major joint project being completed by industrial companies and research organizations. The objective is to increase the process stability and the part quality of parts produced by laser metal deposition through controlling the distance between nozzle and part surface. In particular, the system architecture, the control method and the first test results are presented.
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF THE DAY/NIGHT BLOOD PRESSURE RATIO DETERMINED BY AMBULATORY MONITORING IN GRADE 1-2 HYPERTENSION (2004)

Hermida, R. C.; Ayala, D. E.; Calvo, C.; Dominguez, M. J.; Covelo, M.; Mojon, A.; Fernandez, J. R.; Fontao, M. J.; Soler, R.; Lopez, J. E. Author Information
Tiled-based adaptive streaming using MPEG-DASH (2016)

Interactive spatial navigation within a video is getting attention in the research community, especially in scenarios such as 360° video, video surveillance or region-of-interest viewing. With more content being delivered over the top, the complexity of spatial access to the video is increased by the need to perform bitrate adaptation to react to network variations. In this paper, we describe how spatial access can be performed in an adaptive HTTP streaming context, using tiling of the source content, MPEG-DASH and its SRD extensions. We describe a configurable implementation of these technologies, within the GPAC open-source player, allowing experimentations of different adaptation policies for tiled video content.
Low-resistance titanium/n-type silicon (1 0 0) contacts by monolayer selenium passivation (2007)

Low-resistance Ohmic contacts fabricated by selenium passivation between titanium and n-type silicon (1 0 0) substrates have been characterized by the four-point probe and circular transmission line method. Selenium passivation terminates dangling bonds on the Si(1 0 0) surface and reduces the Schottky barrier height between Ti and n-type Si(1 0 0) substrates. Sheet resistance of the Ti–Si contacts on Se-passivated 1019 cm−3 doped Si substrates shows a ~30% reduction as compared with control samples. Accordingly, the extracted contact resistance is reduced by about an order of magnitude for samples with different Ti thicknesses and different annealing temperatures. A 29-times reduction in contact resistivity is achieved by Se passivation on highly-doped Si-on-insulator substrates with a 500 A un-doped Si buffer layer.
Design and Ammonia‐Recovery Evaluation of a Wind Speed‐Sensitive Chamber System (2001)

A previously developed system to measure NH 3 volatilization in the field consists of a vacuum pump, volatilization chambers, and acid traps to capture NH 3 The vacuum pump of the system draws air through each chamber at a constant rate, which may be faster or slower than the wind speed outside the chamber. Because wind speed affects NH 3 volatilization, it would be desirable to draw air through the chambers at a wind speed similar to that outside the chambers. The objective of this work was to improve the existing design by adding the capability of adjusting the speed at which air is drawn through each chamber. A hot needle anemometer was placed next to each chamber to measure wind speed at 1 cm above the soil surface. Wind speed was used to adjust an electronic valve so that the rate at which air was drawn through the chamber would match the external wind speed. Three N recovery studies were conducted with a sand–CaCO 3 mixture in the field to determine if the system could be used to obtain quantitative estimates of NH 3 volatilized. The NH 3 volatilized in each study was estimated from (i) the loss of soil inorganic N and (ii) the N captured in the acid traps. In all three studies, the NH 3 volatilized estimated from the acid traps (10–15% of applied N) was not different from the NH 3 volatilized estimated from the loss of soil inorganic N. These results indicate that the system can be used to obtain quantitative measurements of NH 3 volatilized under the conditions of these studies.
A New Ultra-wideband Microstrip-to-CPS Transition (2007)

A novel ultra-wideband microstrip-to-CPS (coplanar stripline) transition has been developed. The transition is designed to provide the field and impedance matching between adjacent transmission lines. The proposed design is applicable to substrates with any dielectric constant. The transition provides the balun role as well as the impedance transformation. The fabricated transition in back-to-back configuration provides the insertion loss less than 1 dB per transition and the return loss better than 10 dB for frequencies from 5.39 GHz to over 40 GHz. In addition, a simulation study indicates that this transition can possess a 3 dB bandwidth of ~ 100 GHz.
A Therapeutic Perspective of HDAC8 in Different Diseases: An Overview of Selective Inhibitors (2022)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic enzymes which participate in transcriptional repression and chromatin condensation mechanisms by removing the acetyl moiety from acetylated ε-amino group of histone lysines and other non-histone proteins. In recent years, HDAC8, a class I HDAC, has emerged as a promising target for different disorders, including X-linked intellectual disability, fibrotic diseases, cancer, and various neuropathological conditions. Selective HDAC8 targeting is required to limit side effects deriving from the treatment with <i>pan</i>-HDAC inhibitors (HDACis); thus, many endeavours have focused on the development of selective HDAC8is. In addition, polypharmacological approaches have been explored to achieve a synergistic action on multi-factorial diseases or to enhance the drug efficacy. In this frame, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) might be regarded as a dual-targeting approach for attaining HDAC8 proteasomal degradation. This review highlights the most relevant and recent advances relative to HDAC8 validation in various diseases, providing a snapshot of the current selective HDAC8is, with a focus on polyfunctional modulators.
Tissue-engineered nanoclay-based 3Din vitrobreast cancer model for studying breast cancer metastasis to bone (2018)

Breast cancer (BrCa) preferentially spreads to bone and colonises within the bone marrow to cause bone metastases. To improve the outcome of patients with BrCa bone metastasis, we need to understand better the mechanisms underlying bone metastasis. Researchers have relied heavily upon in vivo xenografts due to limited availability of human bone metastasis samples. A significant limitation of these is that they do not have a human bone microenvironment. To address this issue, we have developed a nanoclay-based 3D in vitro model of BrCa bone metastasis using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human BrCa cells mimicking late stage of BrCa pathogenesis at the metastatic site. This 3D model can provide a microenvironment suitable for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions whilst retaining the behaviour of BrCa cells with different metastasis potential (i.e., highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 and low metastatic MCF-7) as shown by the production of alkaline phosphatase and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The sequential culture of MSCs with MCF-7 exhibited 3D tumouroids formation and also occurrence of mesenchymal to epithelial transition of cancer metastasis as evidenced by gene expression and immunocytochemistry. The unique and distinct behaviour of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 and the low metastatic MCF-7 was observed at the bone metastasis site. The changes to migratory capabilities and invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 in comparison with tumour growth with MCF-7 was observed. Together, a novel bone-mimetic 3D in vitro BrCa model has been developed that could be used to study mechanisms governing the later stage of cancer pathogenesis in bone.
Flexibility window controls pressure-induced phase transition in analcime (2008)

Analcime under pressure undergoes a phase transition at ∼1.0 GPa from a cubic () form to a low-symmetry triclinic () form. We use geometric simulation to relate the pressure behavior of analcime to a recently discovered property of zeolite frameworks, the "flexibility window", defined as the range of densities over which the tetrahedral units in the framework can in principle be made geometrically ideal. Our results show that the range of stability of the cubic phase in analcime is defined by the flexibility window of the cubic framework. Analcime at low density can undergo tetragonal distortion while remaining within the flexibility window, consistent with experimental reports of non-cubic symmetries. On compression to higher densities, the capacity for tetragonal distortion is greatly reduced, accounting for the dramatic reduction in symmetry at the pressure-induced phase transition.