gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuronal oscillations in decoding time-compressed speech (2016)

At the core of oscillation-based models of speech perception is the notion that decoding is guided by parsing. In these models, parsing is executed by setting a time-varying, hierarchical window structure synchronized to the input. Syllabic parsing is into speech fragments that are multi-phone in duration, and it is realized by a theta oscillator capable of tracking the input syllabic rhythm, with the theta cycles aligned with intervocalic speech fragments termed theta-syllables. Prosodic parsing is into fragments that are multi-word in duration, and it is realized by a delta oscillator capable of tracking phrase-level prosodic information, with the delta cycles aligned with chunks. Intelligibility remains high as long as the oscillators are in sync with the input, and it sharply deteriorates once they are out of sync. In the pre-lexical layers, decoding is realized by a cascade of neuronal oscillators in the theta, beta, and gamma frequency bands, with theta as “master.” This talk reviews a model that utilizes this cortical computation principle, capable of explaining counterintuitive data on the intelligibility of time-compressed speech hard to explain with conventional models of speech perception. [Work supported by AFOSR.]
Dados biológicos de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) alimentado com a lagarta do maracujazeiro Dione juno juno (Cramer) (1998)

Survival and life cycle of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed Dione juno juno (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Heliconiidae) larvae were studied at 25 2C, 65 10% RH and 12 h D:L. Duration of egg stage and of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th stadia was 4.0; 4.0; 4.9; 4.7; 4.8 and 5.8 days, respectively. Survival from 1st instar to adult stage was 67%. The predator took 28 days and the prey 33 days to complete the life cycle.
Study of Substituted Benzenesulfonate-Containing Layered Double Hydroxides and Investigation of the Hexamethylenetetramine Route of LDH Synthesis (2007)

Benzenesulfonates, para-substituted with amine, chloride and methyl groups were successfully incorporated into layered double hydroxides of two different compositions, 2:1 Mg-Al LDH and 2:1 Zn-Al LDH. These parent materials were also doped with small amounts of nickel and the differences in the two systems were studied. The hexamethylenetetramine route of layered double hydroxide synthesis was investigated to verify if the mechanism is indeed homogeneous. This included attempting preparation of 2:1 Mg-Al LDH, 2:1 Zn-Al LDH and 2:1 Zn-Cr LDH with two different concentrations of hexamethylenetetramine. The analytical data of the products suggest that the homogeneous precipitation may not be the true mechanism of reaction involved in LDH synthesis by this method.
Use of a conserved immunodominant epitope of HIV surface glycoprotein gp41 in the detection of early antibodies (1990)

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) utilizing a synthetic peptide analogue of HIV gp41 (amino acids 579-599, RILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCS) as antigen was compared with two commercial assays (Genetic Systems, Abbott ENVACORE) for the ability to detect antibodies in the early stages of infection. Two panels, consisting of 96 sera from 15 people and 140 sera from 44 people seroconverting to HIV, were examined. In the first group the synthetic peptide assay (gp41 EIA) detected antibodies before the Genetic Systems EIA in seven out of 15 people and concurrently in the remaining eight. With the second panel the Abbott ENVACORE assay detected antibodies before the gp41 EIA in two out of 44 people while the gp41 EIA detected antibodies first in six out of 44. In the remaining 36 people antibodies were detected simultaneously by the two tests. The gp41 EIA usually detected anti-HIV antibodies before or concurrently with the two commercial assays examined suggesting that the epitope cluster represented by this peptide is recognized early in infection.
Diameter control of single-walled carbon nanotubes using argon–helium mixture gases (2001)

A method is reported for controlling the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) during the electric-arc-discharge process. Using argon as inert atmosphere provides smaller diameters as compared with those when pure helium is used. Varying the gas mixture from argon to helium changes the diameter distribution to higher values. A linear fit of the average diameter shows a 0.2 Å diam decrease per 10% increase in the argon–helium ratio.
A molecular beam mass spectrometer for Hall thruster plume studies - Preliminary data (1997)

Peer Reviewed
Growth of pancreatic cancers with hemizygous chromosomal 17p loss of MYBBP1A can be preferentially targeted by PARP inhibitors (2020)

Here, we selectively target pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells harboring a hemizygous gene essential for cell growth. <i>MYB binding protein 1A</i> (<i>MYBBP1A</i>), encoding a chromatin-bound protein, is hemizygous in most of the PDAC due to a chromosome 17p deletion that also spans <i>TP53</i> We find that hemizygous <i>MYBBP1A</i> loss in isogenic PDAC cells promotes tumorigenesis but, paradoxically, homozygous <i>MYBBP1A</i> loss is associated with impaired cell growth and decreased tumorigenesis. Poly-adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) interacts with MYBBP1A and displaces it from chromatin. Small molecules, such as olaparib, that trap PARP1 to chromatin are able to evict the minimal pool of chromatin-bound MYBBP1A protein in <i>MYBBP1A</i> hemizygous cells and impair cell growth, greater than its impact on wild-type cells. Our findings reveal how a cell essential gene with one allele lost in cancer cells can be preferentially susceptible to a specific molecular therapy, when compared to wild-type cells.
<title>Laser treatment of enamel and dentine by different Er lasers</title> (1994)

The results of primary comparative investigation of possible application of lasers based on four different Er-doped crystals (YAG, YLF, YSGG, YAP) are presented. The influence of laser wavelength and temporal structure of laser radiation on efficiency of hard tooth tissues treatment is considered. The experimental data on damage thresholds and efficiency of enamel and dentine removal under influence of submillisecond pulses of all four types of lasers are obtained.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Neurochemistry and Treatment Effects in Affective Disorders (2025)

Recent developments in the clinical capabilities of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have provided researchers with considerable insight into potential neurochemical alterations associated with the pathology and treatment of affective disorders. This review focuses on the clinical application of MRS to the study of affective disorders, discusses the major MRS visible neurochemicals, and addresses some essential principles of MRS methodology, such as pulse sequences and neurochemical quantitation. Additionally, some of the more recent key findings in the area of mood disorders and their treatment are highlighted, including pharmacological effects and mechanisms. For example, several independent groups have reported alterations in levels of choline, myoinositol, N-acetylaspartate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the central nervous systems of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Finally, the current direction of advances and areas of further investigation are discussed. This review will afford the reader a fundamental foundation in the applications of MRS in mood disorders and an update on some of the current findings in this rapidly developing discipline.
Measuring adolescent depression: The Adolescent Depression Scale (2010)

A new brief instrument for the measurement of adolescent depression is described. The instrument is the product of a systematic review of the factors currently considered to be salient to the investigation of adolescent depression. From an initial set of pilot investigations a 90-item test bank was constructed covering six domains of adolescent depression. The resultant instrument was administered to 263 adolescents, late adolescents and young adults. Factor analysis and item analysis reduced the item pool to a 20-item four-factor measure of adolescent depression, which correlates well with existing measures of depression.
A wideband circularly polarized microstrip array antenna at Ka-band (2016)

A circularly polarized microstrip array antenna is proposed for Ka-band satellite applications. The antenna element consists of an L-shaped patch with parasitic circularring radiator. A sequentially rotated 2×2 antenna array exhibits a wideband 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 20.6% (25.75 GHz – 31.75 GHz) and 2∶1-VSWR bandwidth of 24.0% (25.5 GHz – 32.5 GHz). A boresight gain of 10–11.8 dBic is achieved across a frequency range from 26 GHz to 32 GHz. An 8×8 antenna array exhibits a boresight gain of greater than 24 dBic over 27.25 GHz–31.25 GHz.
Robust and accurate estimation of multiple motions for whole-image super-resolution (2008)

A robust whole-image super-resolution is highly demanded. Whole-image super-resolution requires target-region extraction and motion estimation because an image sequence usually includes multiple targets and a background. A single- motion model is insufficient to represent whole-image motion. In addition, high-accuracy motion estimation is necessary for super-resolution. Simultaneous target-region extraction and high-accuracy motion estimation are challenging problems. We propose a robust and accurate algorithm that can provide extracted single-motion regions and their motion parameters. The proposed algorithm consists of three phases: feature-based motion estimation, single-motion region extraction, and region-based motion estimation. Once we obtain motion parameters of the whole image, we can reconstruct a high-resolution whole image by applying a robust super- resolution. Results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can robustly reconstruct complex multiple- target scenes.
Animal Health and Welfare during transition to organic dairy production: problems, priorities and perspectives (2001)

During the past few years, organic dairy farming has grown dramatically in Denmark. Consequently, an increasing number of people are encountering this method of production for the first time. Amongst these, many veterinarians have suddenly had to deal with organic herds in their home district, and, meeting examples of poor animal welfare, they have recently started to express some concerns.&#13;\nAgainst this background, a so-called “Synthesis of Knowledge” project was initiated&#13;\nto examine the health and welfare of dairy cattle and the use of medication in the transition to organic production. The aim of the project was to investigate associated problems from the point of view of the dairy herd. Based on qualitative research interviews with vets and agricultural advisors, as well as focus group interviews with farmers who had recently converted from conventional to organic farming, an expert panel attempted to identify problem areas and possible solutions. The problems related to (a) the adjustment to new and unknown practices, (b) poor management in general, and (c) inappropriate legislation for organic farming.&#13;\nOne problem area was the rearing of dairy calves, particularly with regard to the&#13;\nestablishment of post partum relationships between cow and calf, group housing, and the&#13;\ngrazing of young animals. A “natural life” was identified as being fundamental to organic&#13;\nanimal husbandry. In terms of animal welfare, this concept can be understood as a way&#13;\nof living in which the calf is allowed to express its natural behavior and satisfy its natural needs. Essentially, the conditions needed for good calf welfare require the compatibility and interplay of elements from “nature” (the natural life; including opportunities to satisfy natural needs) and “culture” (farmer management skills; exercise of care). These elements should be balanced to ensure animal welfare in organic herds.
Decentralized optimal frequency control of interconnected power systems with transient constraints (2016)

We design decentralized frequency control of multi-area power systems that will re-balance power and drive frequencies to their nominal values after a disturbance. Both generators and controllable loads are utilized to achieve frequency stability while minimizing regulation cost. In contrast to recent results, the design is completely decentralized and does not require communication between areas. Our control enforces operational constraints not only in equilibrium but also during transient. Moreover, our control is capable of adapting to unknown load disturbance. We show that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and converges to an equilibrium that minimizes the regulation cost. We present simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.
Modeling of the Effect of Machining Parameters on Maximum Thickness of Cut in Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting (2011)

In recent years, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) technique has been found to be an efficient method for the ultraprecision machining of hard and brittle materials. During the machining at a given nominal depth of cut (DOC), the UEVC technique, because of its inherent mechanism, effectively reduces the thickness of cut (TOC) of the workpiece material through overlapping vibration cycles. For the ductile machining of hard and brittle materials, this TOC plays a critical role. However, the relationships between the nominal DOC, the TOC, and the relevant machining parameters have not yet been studied. In this study, the role playing machining parameters for the TOC are firstly investigated and then theoretical relations are developed for predicting the maximum TOC (TOCm) with respect to the relevant machining parameters. It is found that four machining parameters, namely, workpiece cutting speed, tool vibration frequency, and tangential and thrust directional vibration amplitudes, influence the TOCm. If the speed ratio (ratio of the workpiece cutting speed to the maximum tool vibration speed in the tangential direction) is within a critical value 0.12837, then a reduced TOCm can be obtained. It is also realized that if the TOCm can be kept lower than the critical DOC (DOCcr), then ductile finishing of brittle materials can be achieved. The above phenomenon has been substantiated by experimental findings while machining a hard and brittle material, sintered tungsten carbide. The findings suggest that the same concept can be applied for the ductile cutting of other hard and brittle materials.
Integrated analysis of variants and pathways in genome-wide association studies using polygenic models of disease (2012)

Many common diseases are highly polygenic, modulated by a large number genetic factors with small effects on susceptibility to disease. These small effects are difficult to map reliably in genetic association studies. To address this problem, researchers have developed methods that aggregate information over sets of related genes, such as biological pathways, to identify gene sets that are enriched for genetic variants associated with disease. However, these methods fail to answer a key question: which genes and genetic variants are associated with disease risk? We develop a method based on sparse multiple regression that simultaneously identifies enriched pathways, and prioritizes the variants within these pathways, to locate additional variants associated with disease susceptibility. A central feature of our approach is an estimate of the strength of enrichment, which yields a coherent way to prioritize variants in enriched pathways. We illustrate the benefits of our approach in a genome-wide association study of Crohn's disease with ~440,000 genetic variants genotyped for ~4700 study subjects. We obtain strong support for enrichment of IL-12, IL-23 and other cytokine signaling pathways. Furthermore, prioritizing variants in these enriched pathways yields support for additional disease-association variants, all of which have been independently reported in other case-control studies for Crohn's disease.
Plasmonic Bound States in the Continuum to Tailor Light-Matter Coupling (2022)

Plasmon resonances play a pivotal role in enhancing light-matter interactions in nanophotonics, but their low-quality factors have hindered applications demanding high spectral selectivity. Even though symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum with high-quality factors have been realized in dielectric metasurfaces, impinging light is not efficiently coupled to the resonant metasurfaces and is lost in the form of reflection due to low intrinsic losses. Here, we demonstrate a novel design and 3D laser nanoprinting of plasmonic nanofin metasurfaces, which support symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum up to 4th order. By breaking the nanofins out-of-plane symmetry in parameter space, we achieve high-quality factor (up to 180) modes under normal incidence. We reveal that the out-of-plane symmetry breaking can be fine-tuned by the triangle angle of the 3D nanofin meta-atoms, opening a pathway to precisely control the ratio of radiative to intrinsic losses. This enables access to the under-, critical-, and over-coupled regimes, which we exploit for pixelated molecular sensing. Depending on the coupling regime we observe negative, no, or positive modulation induced by the analyte, unveiling the undeniable importance of tailoring light-matter interaction. Our demonstration provides a novel metasurface platform for enhanced light-matter interaction with a wide range of applications in optical sensing, energy conversion, nonlinear photonics, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
On the Grain Boundary Diffusion of Ni into &gamma;-Fe (1977)

It has been confirmed previously by the authors that the presence of Ni in the grain boundaries plays an important role in the activated sintering for Fe-Ni powder compacts. However, the grain boundary diffusion of Ni into Fe has not been clarified. In this work, the grain boundary diffusion coefficient of 63Ni in bulk Fe is determined by the use of the residual-activity sectioning method in the temperature range from 1153 to 1287°C. The data obtained are analysed by the theory of grain boundary diffusion based on the instantaneous source model proposed by Suzuoka.The results are expressed as follows:Volume diffusion: D=1.09exp(−70900⁄RT) cm2/sec.Grain boundary diffusion: D′=24.1exp(−42100⁄RT) cm2/sec.The Fe-Ni mixed powder compacts at high temperatures are also observed by the use of an electron probe microanalyser, and the observed highly promoted grain boundary diffusion of Ni is confirmed to contribute to the Fe-Ni alloying in the inner part of Fe powder.
Extending a UGV teleoperation FLC interface with wireless network connectivity information (2015)

Teleoperated Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) are expected to play an important role in future search and rescue operations. In such tasks, two factors are crucial for a successful mission completion: operator situational awareness and robust network connectivity between operator and UGV. In this paper, we address both these factors by extending a new Free Look Control (FLC) operator interface with a graphical representation of the Radio Signal Strength (RSS) gradient at the UGV location. We also provide a new way of estimating this gradient using multiple receivers with directional antennas. The proposed approach allows the operator to stay focused on the video stream providing the crucial situational awareness, while controlling the UGV to complete the mission without moving into areas with dangerously low wireless connectivity. The approach is implemented on a KUKA youBot using commercial-off-the-shelf components. We provide experimental results showing how the proposed RSS gradient estimation method performs better than a difference approximation using omnidirectional antennas and verify that it is indeed useful for predicting the RSS development along a UGV trajectory. We also evaluate the proposed combined approach in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity.
Quaternary InGaAsSb Thermophotovoltaic Diode Technology (2005)

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) diodes fabricated from InGaAsSb alloys lattice-matched to GaSb substrates are grown by Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). 0.53eV InGaAsSb TPV diodes utilizing front-surface spectral control filters have been tested in a vacuum cavity and a TPV thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency ({eta}{sub TPV}) and a power density (PD) of {eta}{sub TPV} = 19% and PD=0.58 W/cm{sup 2} were measured for T{sub radiator} = 950 C and T{sub diode} = 27 C. Recombination coefficients deduced from minority carrier measurements and the theory reviewed in this article predict a practical limit to the maximum achievable conversion efficiency and power density for 0.53eV InGaAsSb TPV. The limits for the above operating temperatures are projected to be {eta}{sub TPV} = 26% and PD = 0.75 W/cm{sup 2}. These limits are extended to {eta}{sub TPV} = 30% and PD = 0.85W/cm{sup 2} if the diode active region is bounded by a reflective back surface to enable photon recycling and a two-pass optical path length. The internal quantum efficiency of the InGaAsSb TPV diode is close to the theoretically predicted limits, with the exception of short wavelength absorption in GaSb contact layers. Experiments show that the open circuit voltage of the 0.53eV InGaAsSb TPV diodes is not strongly dependent on the device architectures studied in this work where both N/P and P/N double heterostructure diodes have been grown with various acceptor and donor doping levels, having GaSb and AlGaAsSb confinement, and also partial back surface reflectors. Lattice matched InGaAsSb TPV diodes were fabricated with bandgaps ranging from 0.6 to 0.5eV without significant degradation of the open circuit voltage factor, quantum efficiency, or fill factor as the composition approached the miscibility gap. The key diode performance parameter which is limiting efficiency and power density below the theoretical limits in InGaAsSb TPV devices is the open circuit voltage. The open circuit voltages of state-of-the-art 0.53eV InGaAsSb TPV diode are {approx}10% lower than the predicted semi-empirical limit to open circuit voltage for a device having absorbing substrate; the voltages are {approx}17% below that for an Auger-limited device having back surface reflector and two-pass optical design.
High Resolution Wavefront Sensing and Mirror Control for Vision Science by Quantitative Phase Imaging (2009)

Quantitative Phase Imaging displays attractive features for ocular wavefront aberrometry. An adaptive-optics mirror control algorithm for ophthalmoscopy is demonstrated that takes advantage of its superior lateral resolution and similar accuracy compared to Hartmann-Shack systems.