gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GROWTH OF COWDRIA RUMINANTIUM IN TISSUE CULTURE ENDOTHELIAL CELL LINES FROM WILD AFRICAN MAMMALS (1998)

Endothelial cell cultures were established from several wild African mammalian species. Long-term cultures were established from three ruminants, stable antelope (Hippotragus niger), buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and eland (Tragelaphus oryx), and from an omnivore, the bushpig (Potamochoerus porcus). Cowdria ruminanntium was isolated from plasma of clinically affected animals in these four cell lines and in bovine endothelial cells used routinely for C. ruminantium propagation. Nineteen different strains of C. ruminantium from Africa and the Caribbean region were grown and maintained in these cell lines and their growth was comparable with growth in the bovine endothelial cells. The role of sable antelope, eland, and bushpigs in the epidemiology of heartwater is unknown. However, these results extend the number of cell lines that can be used to isolate and grow C. ruminantium.
Fracture and Flexural Characterization of Monolithic SiC and SiCw/SiC Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures (2008)

The fracture and flexural behavior of monolithic SiC and SiC–whisker reinforced SiC composites (SiCw/SiC) have been investigated at room and elevated temperatures. Flexure and fracture tests were conducted in a four-point beam configuration at 23°C, 800°C and 1200°C to study the effects of whisker reinforcements especially with respect to mechanical and thermal stability in high energy environments. Flexural strengths and fracture toughness data within the test temperature range are presented in graphical as well as in weibull form, and experimental observations are analyzed and discussed. Increase in flexural strength as well as in fracture toughness has been observed with the whisker reinforcement. However, it was found that the trend discontinues after a certain range of temperature. Post failure analysis has been performed through the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Formation of a glass phase has been observed at the whisker/matrix interface and the crack growth was found to be shifting from intergranular to transgranular with the rise in temperature. Effects of whisker reinforcement and the degradation of flexural and fracture properties at elevated temperature are investigated. Ultrasonic Time of Flight(ToF) and attenuation measurements have been performed through the thickness of the untested as well as fractured specimen, and the variation in the ultrasonic ToF and attenuation are discussed in this paper.
Effect of Porcine Calcitonin on Hypercalcemia in Man (1970)

Porcine calcitonin was administered intramuscularly to 8 patients with hypercalcemia of diverse etiology. In the 7 patients given a uniform dose of 4 MRC U/kg body weight, including one patient who did not respond, a mean change in serum calcium concentration of −1.97 mg/100 ml, with a standard error of .49 mg/100 ml, was observed. The calcium-lowering effect was measurable at 2 hr and maximal at 6–9 hr; by 20–24 hr the serum calcium had begun to rise. Patients with malignancy as well as patients with hyperparathyroidism responded. There was no evidence of toxicity. Calcitonin may become a useful adjunct to the therapy of hypercalcemia in man.
Methane Storage within Dry and Wet Active Carbons: A Comparative Study (2003)

Methane storage capacities on dry and water-wetted active carbon powders are compared. Sorption isotherms of methane at temperatures of 2°C and pressures up to 8 MPa are constructed for four carbonaceous materials. Three of these materials originate from the same precursor (coconut shell), are physically activated at various burnoffs, and are mainly microporous; the fourth material is a highly mesoporous, chemically activated pinewood carbon. In the dry state, these adsorbents exhibit classical Langmuirian behavior. Wetting the materials with a constant water/carbon weight ratio of ∼1 leads to isotherms that are now characterized by a marked step. The latter occurs near the expected formation pressure of methane hydrates, thus supporting their occurrence within the porous materials. The amount of gas stored at the highest pressures investigated then ranges from 180 to 230 volumes at standard temperature and pressure (STP) per unit volume of storage vessel (V/V), depending on the material, whereas only 110−160 V/V are obtained with dry carbons (at 2°C, 8 MPa). Hence, wetting the carbonaceous adsorbents improves the methane storage capacities, thus confirming recent works. The results are discussed on the basis of the known pore texture of each adsorbent, and stoichiometries of the formed hydrates are calculated. Considerations about adsorption and desorption kinetics, and pore size distributions, are also developed.
Human plasma patterns during 14 days ingestion of vitamin E, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, and their various combinations. (1996)

Our results show that BC or AA ingestion in combination with vit E significantly increases circulating vit E above that seen when vit E is individually ingested. Vit E in combination with BC or AA seems a practical means or increasing the circulating antioxidant potential afforded by vit E. Reasons why such synergism does not exist when an AA, BC, vit E combination is ingested is not yet obvious.
Cycloaddition−Rearrangement Sequence of 2-Amido Substituted Furans as a Method of Synthesizing Hexahydroindolinones (1999)

A convenient synthesis of various substituted hexahydroindolinones has been achieved by an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition (IMDAF) reaction of 2-amido substituted furans. The initially formed [4 + 2] cycloadduct undergoes nitrogen-assisted ring opening followed by deprotonation of the resulting zwitterion to give the rearranged ketone. The stereochemical outcome of the IMDAF cycloaddition has the sidearm of the tethered alkenyl group oriented syn with respect to the oxygen bridge. The reaction rate and product yield were found to be markedly dependent upon the electronic properties of the alkenyl pi-bond. 2-[2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylfuran-2-yl-amino)ethyl]acrylic acid methyl ester was synthesized from 3-chlorocarbonyl-but-3-enoic acid methyl ester. Thermolysis of the carbomethoxy activated furanamide occurred at 80 degrees C to produce a rearranged hexahydroindolinone. When Me(3)Al or (MeO)(3)Al was used as a Lewis acid to promote the cycloaddition, a rearranged alcohol was obtained. The initially formed [4 + 2] cycloadduct undergoes ring opening in the presence of the Lewis acid, and the resulting aluminum intermediate delivers the substituent group from the same face as the neighboring oxygen to ultimately furnish a rearranged cis-alcohol. In contrast to this result, a mixture of diastereomeric methoxy alcohols was isolated when the IMDAF cycloaddition was carried out in methanol. The major isomer corresponds to the trans-diastereomer that results from trapping of the iminium ion from the less crowded face of the pi-bond.
Induced exon skipping: AO design is more important than chemistry (2007)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder that arises from protein truncating mutations in the dystrophin gene, is characterised by severe and progressive muscle wasting. Mutations causing DMD can occur in any of the 79 exons or introns of this massive gene (2.4 Mb), and antisense oligonucleotide (AO) induced exon skipping is emerging as a novel potential therapy, with two separate trials underway. Our rationale in AO design to address protein truncating dystrophin mutations by induced exon skipping is to prepare 2_-O-methyl modified bases on a phosphorothioate backbone that will anneal to potential splicemotifs and alter dystrophin pre-mRNA processing. These compounds can be prepared in-house and, when transfected as a cationic lipoplexes, are readily taken up in vitro. Overlapping 2OMeAOs are prepared to pre-mRNA motifs shown to influence splicing, in an attempt to optimise AO design. Titration studies then allow identification of the most effective AOs, those that induce pronounced exon excision at low transfection concentrations. Although the 2OMeAOs are being used in clinical trials in the Netherlands, we have found that phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are better suited for in vivo applications. However, PMOs are not taken up efficiently in vitro, impeding design of optimal compounds. We present data showing that the hierarchy of exon skipping efficiency generated with overlapping 2OMeAOs was identical to that observed with the corresponding PMOs.
Spin-dependent tunnelling in magnetic tunnel junctions (2003)

The phenomenon of electron tunnelling has been known since the advent of quantum mechanics, but continues to enrich our understanding of many fields of physics, as well as creating sub-fields on its own. Spin-dependent tunnelling (SDT) in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has recently aroused enormous interest and has developed in a vigorous field of research. The large tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) observed in MTJs garnered much attention due to possible applications in non-volatile random-access memories and next-generation magnetic field sensors. This led to a number of fundamental questions regarding the phenomenon of SDT. In this review article we present an overview of this field of research. We discuss various factors that control the spin polarization and magnetoresistance in MTJs. Starting from early experiments on SDT and their interpretation, we consider thereafter recent experiments and models which highlight the role of the electronic structure of the ferromagnets, the insulating layer, and the ferromagnet/insulator interfaces. We also discuss the role of disorder in the barrier and in the ferromagnetic electrodes and their influence on TMR.
HYBRID GEOREFERENCING, ENHANCEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF ULTRA-HIGH RESOLUTION UAV LIDAR AND IMAGE POINT CLOUDS FOR MONITORING APPLICATIONS (2020)

Abstract. This paper presents a study on the potential of ultra-high accurate UAV-based 3D data capture by combining both imagery and LiDAR data. Our work is motivated by a project aiming at the monitoring of subsidence in an area of mixed use. Thus, it covers built-up regions in a village with a ship lock as the main object of interest as well as regions of agricultural use. In order to monitor potential subsidence in the order of 10 mm/year, we aim at sub-centimeter accuracies of the respective 3D point clouds. We show that hybrid georeferencing helps to increase the accuracy of the adjusted LiDAR point cloud by integrating results from photogrammetric block adjustment to improve the time-dependent trajectory corrections. As our main contribution, we demonstrate that joint orientation of laser scans and images in a hybrid adjustment framework significantly improves the relative and absolute height accuracies. By these means, accuracies corresponding to the GSD of the integrated imagery can be achieved. Image data can also help to enhance the LiDAR point clouds. As an example, integrating results from Multi-View Stereo potentially increases the point density from airborne LiDAR. Furthermore, image texture can support 3D point cloud classification. This semantic segmentation discussed in the final part of the paper is a prerequisite for further enhancement and analysis of the captured point cloud.
Avalanche current induced hot carrier degradation in 200 GHz SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (2003)

SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been investigated under accelerated avalanche stress conditions, where the base-emitter junction is forward biased, while the collector-base junction is reverse biased under avalanche conditions. The high energy avalanche carriers (hot carriers) introduce damage at Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces and degrade the characteristics of the SiGe HBTs. A new model has been developed to predict the damage at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface. The DC degradation of the base current is shown to correlate with the injected charge total and corresponding energy. The change of base current dependence on avalanche charges and applied voltage is shown, and a model is used to predict the parameter degradation within a typical digital switching application. The impact of this degradation mechanism to f/sub T/ has also been studied and found not to be significant.
Arte Moderno y Contemporáneo (1990)

The use of computerized clinical decision support results in significantly improved survival in patients with intra-abdominal surgical sepsis.
Automatic Simulation Model Generation Based on PLC Codes and MES Stored Data (2012)

One of the most widespread techniques to evaluate various aspects of an existing manufacturing system is discrete-event simulation (DES). However, building a simulation model of a manufacturing system needs great resource expenditures. Automated data col-lection and model buildup can drastically reduce the time of the design phase as well as support model reusability. Since most of the manufacturing systems are controlled by low level controllers they store structure and control logic of the system to be modeled by a DES system. The paper introduces an ongoing research of PLC code processing method for automatic simulation model gen-eration of a conveyor system of a leading automotive factory.
Zinc Finger Nuclease Knock-out of NADPH:Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase (POR) in Human Tumor Cell Lines Demonstrates That Hypoxia-activated Prodrugs Differ in POR Dependence (2013)

Hypoxia, a ubiquitous feature of tumors, can be exploited by hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAP) that are substrates for one-electron reduction in the absence of oxygen. NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is considered one of the major enzymes responsible, based on studies using purified enzyme or forced overexpression in cell lines. To examine the role of POR in HAP activation at endogenous levels of expression, POR knock-outs were generated in HCT116 and SiHa cells by targeted mutation of exon 8 using zinc finger nucleases. Absolute quantitation by proteotypic peptide mass spectrometry of DNA sequence-confirmed multiallelic mutants demonstrated expression of proteins with residual one-electron reductase activity in some clones and identified two (Hko2 from HCT116 and S2ko1 from SiHa) that were functionally null by multiple criteria. Sensitivities of the clones to 11 HAP (six nitroaromatics, three benzotriazine N-oxides, and two quinones) were compared with wild-type and POR-overexpressing cells. All except the quinones were potentiated by POR overexpression. Knocking out POR had a marked effect on antiproliferative activity of the 5-nitroquinoline SN24349 in both genetic backgrounds after anoxic exposure but little or no effect on activity of most other HAP, including the clinical stage 2-nitroimidazole mustard TH-302, dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A, and benzotriazine N-oxide SN30000. Clonogenic cell killing and reductive metabolism of PR-104A and SN30000 under anoxia also showed little change in the POR knock-outs. Thus, although POR expression is a potential biomarker of sensitivity to some HAP, identification of other one-electron reductases responsible for HAP activation is needed for their rational clinical development.
Functionally Graded Cathode Catalyst Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2005)

Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) containing a graded distribution of Nafion were prepared and characterized, and their performance as fuel cell cathodes compared to GDEs possessing a uniform distribution of Nafion. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and porosimetry are used to characterize the variations in electrochemical properties, ionic conductivity, and microstructures. The cathodic performance was improved over uniform electrodes at intermediate and high levels of polarization when the Nafion content in the GDE was higher toward the catalyst layer/membrane interface and lower toward the catalyst layer/carbon paper interface since this maximizes proton transport in the GDE in the region of greatest ion flux and maximizes porosity in the region of greatest gaseous flux, respectively. Fuel cell performance is much poorer when the gradient of Nafion content is reversed, i.e., highest at the catalyst layer/carbon paper interface since this distribution disfavors proton and gas transport in the regions where they need to be maximized.
Systematic approaches to using the FOX hunting system to identify useful rice genes (2008)

Ectopic gene expression, or the gain-of-function approach, has the advantage that once the function of a gene is known the gene can be transferred to many different plants by transformation. We previously reported a method, called FOX hunting, that involves ectopic expression of Arabidopsis full-length cDNAs in Arabidopsis to systematically generate gain-of-function mutants. This technology is most beneficial for generating a heterologous gene resource for analysis of useful plant gene functions. As an initial model we generated more than 23,000 independent Arabidopsis transgenic lines that expressed rice fl-cDNAs (Rice FOX Arabidopsis lines). The short generation time and rapid and efficient transformation frequency of Arabidopsis enabled the functions of the rice genes to be analyzed rapidly. We screened rice FOX Arabidopsis lines for alterations in morphology, photosynthesis, element accumulation, pigment accumulation, hormone profiles, secondary metabolites, pathogen resistance, salt tolerance, UV signaling, high light tolerance, and heat stress tolerance. Some of the mutant phenotypes displayed by rice FOX Arabidopsis lines resulted from the expression of rice genes that had no homologs in Arabidopsis. This result demonstrated that rice fl-cDNAs could be used to introduce new gene functions in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, these findings showed that rice gene function could be analyzed by employing Arabidopsis as a heterologous host. This technology provides a framework for the analysis of plant gene function in a heterologous host and of plant improvement by using heterologous gene resources.
Animal Glycolipids (2015)

Abstract Glycolipids are integral components of animal cell membranes, composed of a glycan covalently linked to a lipid. They include glycosphingolipids (GSLs) (ceramide‐linked), glycoglycerolipids (diacylglycerol‐ or alkylacylglycerol‐linked) and glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) (phosphatidylinositol‐linked). Their lipid components are embedded in a cell membrane with their glycans extending outwards where they interact with components in the plane of the same membrane or with glycan‐binding proteins, including soluble proteins and those on surfaces of other cells. Most animal glycolipids are GSLs, which can be as simple as ceramide monosaccharides or as large and complex as branched ceramide octadecasaccharides. Animal glycoglycerolipids are a simpler family, primarily galactose or sulphogalactose linked to glycerolipid. GPIs are glycans attached to the common membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol at one end and to a protein at the other, anchoring the protein to the membrane. Animal glycolipids serve diverse and essential functions in cell physiology in animals as simple as Caenorhabditis elegans and as complex as humans. Key Concepts Animal glycolipids are amphipathic molecules composed of a lipid embedded in a cell membrane and a glycan extending outwards. Most animal glycolipids are glycosphingolipids (GSLs), glycans carried on a ceramide lipid core. GSL glycans can be as simple as a single neutral sugar (glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide) or can be large, complex, branched and/or charged. GSLs are categorised as neutral GSLs, sulphated GSLs or gangliosides (sialic acid containing GSLs). Animal GSLs are named based on seven distinct neutral tetrasaccharide cores referred to as: ganglio‐, lacto‐, neolacto‐, globo‐, isoglobo‐, mollu‐ and arthro‐series. Animal glycoglycerolipids include galactose and 3‐sulphogalactose bound to diacylglycerol or alkylacylglycerol. They are scarce except in testes, where they are the major glycolipids and are required for spermatogenesis. Animal glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) consist of a core tetrasaccharide in glycosidic linkage to the inositol of phosphatidylinositol, a common membrane phospholipid. Animal GPIs carry a distal ethanolamine group, the terminal amine of which is linked via amide linkage to a select group of proteins, anchoring them to the membrane. Animal glycolipids tend to associate into functional microdomains in the plane of the membrane, often with sphingomyelin, cholesterol and select signalling proteins. GSLs function by binding laterally to molecules in the same membrane to regulate their activities (cis regulation) or by acting as receptors for soluble or cell surface glycan binding proteins (trans recognition).
Microfluidic-Based Oxygen (O2) Sensors for On-Chip Monitoring of Cell, Tissue and Organ Metabolism (2021)

Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) quantification is essential for assessing cell metabolism, and its consumption in cell culture is an important indicator of cell viability. Recent advances in microfluidics have made O<sub>2</sub> sensing a crucial feature for organ-on-chip (OOC) devices for various biomedical applications. OOC O<sub>2</sub> sensors can be categorized, based on their transducer type, into two main groups, optical and electrochemical. In this review, we provide an overview of on-chip O<sub>2</sub> sensors integrated with the OOC devices and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Recent innovations in optical O<sub>2</sub> sensors integrated with OOCs are discussed in four main categories: (i) basic luminescence-based sensors; (ii) microparticle-based sensors; (iii) nano-enabled sensors; and (iv) commercial probes and portable devices. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements in electrochemical sensors in five main categories: (i) novel configurations in Clark-type sensors; (ii) novel materials (e.g., polymers, O<sub>2</sub> scavenging and passivation materials); (iii) nano-enabled electrochemical sensors; (iv) novel designs and fabrication techniques; and (v) commercial and portable electrochemical readouts. Together, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current advances in the design, fabrication and application of optical and electrochemical O<sub>2</sub> sensors.
Near-infrared spectrophotometry of planetary nebulae (1983)

An IR spectrophotometric study of 10 planetary nebulae in which strengths were measured for the Paschen lines Pa-beta and Pa-gamma, the forbidden S III lines 9069 and 9532 A, and He I 10830 A, yields line flux determinations indicating that excess continuum flux at 1.28 microns for five of the planetary nebulae is of central star origin. The central star radiation can be appreciable at 1.65 microns, where excesses found previously have been linked to radiation from hot dust. A discrepancy is noted between the measured ratio of the 10830 and 5876 A He triplet line fluxes and previously predicted values, though agreement between predicted and observed ratios is obtained with a model in which the dust optical depth, and therefore the attenuation of resonantly scattered 10830 A photons, decreases with nebular expansion.
Direct Electrodeposition of Nanoscale Solid Polymer Electrolytes via Electropolymerization of Sulfonated Phenols (2005)

Direct electrodeposition of ultrathin polymer electrolytes provides a facile route to incorporate ion-conducting functionality and electronic passivation at nanostructured, electrified interfaces. Conformal solid polymer electrolytes are generated directly at planar, rough oxide electrodes by electro-oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate, either alone or with a comonomer of 2,6-dimethylphenol. Electrodeposition from the comonomer solution at indium-tin oxide electrodes produces thick polymer coatings at the electrode surface, and the resulting films exhibit solid-state ion conductivity. Charge-compensating in the as-deposited film can be ion exchanged for . Direct electrodeposition of multifunctional polymers enables the development of nanostructured batteries and other solid-state ionic devices.