gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MiR-21 promotes calcium oxalate-induced renal tubular cell injury by targeting PPARA (2020)

Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed in the kidneys that has been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. MicroRNAs are functionally involved in kidney injury. Data mining using a microRNA array database suggested that miR-21 may be associated with calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-induced renal tubular cell injury. Here, we confirmed that COM exposure significantly upregulated miR-21 expression, inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and caused lipid accumulation in an immortalized renal tubular cell line (HK-2). Moreover, inhibition of miR-21 enhanced proliferation and decreased apoptosis and lipid accumulation in HK-2 cells upon COM exposure. In a glyoxylate-induced mouse model of renal calcium oxalate deposition, increased miR-21 expression, lipid accumulation, and kidney injury were also observed. In silico analysis and subsequent experimental validation confirmed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α gene (PPARA) a key gene in fatty acid oxidation, as a direct miR-21 target. Suppression of miR-21 by miRNA antagomiR or activation of PPAR-α by its selective agonist fenofibrate significantly reduced renal lipid accumulation and protected against renal injury in vivo. In addition, miR-21 was significantly increased in urine samples from patients with calcium oxalate renal stones compared with healthy volunteers. In situ hybridization of biopsy samples from patients with nephrocalcinosis revealed that miR-21 was also significantly upregulated compared with normal kidney tissues from patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical nephrectomy. These results suggested that miR-21 promoted calcium oxalate-induced renal tubular cell injury by targeting PPARA, indicating that miR-21 could be a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for nephrolithiasis.
High-Resolution Multi-View Projection Display With a Quantized-Diffusion-Angle Screen (2012)

In this paper, we have devised a novel projection screen using a double-sided lenticular lens with a diffusion angle range quantized by the incident light angle and a constant diffusion light intensity, independent of the angle of the incident light. We developed high-resolution multi-view projection display using a novel projection screen and multiple projectors. Our display system has the advantage of making it easy to align multiple projectors, and the capability of simultaneously projecting multiple different images at different viewing angles at any distance from the projection screen.
Soft-Decision-Based Forward Error Correction for 100 Gb/s Transport Systems (2010)

Soft-decision-based forward error correction (FEC) and its practical implementation for 100 Gb/s transport systems are discussed. In applying soft-decision FEC to a digital coherent transponder, we address the configuration of the frame structure of the FEC. For dual-polarized multilevel modulation formats, the keys are having the FEC frames constructed individually for each polarization and a multilane distribution architecture to align each frame. We present two types of soft-decision FEC. One is the concatenation of a Reed-Solomon code and a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code with 2-bit soft decision yielding a Q limit of 7.5 dB. The other, even more powerful, is a triple-concatenated FEC, with a pair of concatenated hard-decision-based block codes further concatenated with a soft-decision-based LDPC code for 20.5% redundancy. We expect that the proposed triple-concatenated codes can achieve a Q limit of 6.4 dB and a net coding gain of 10.8 dB at a post-FEC bit error ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> . For the practical implementation of soft-decision FEC for 100 Gb/s systems, we developed field-programmable gate array boards to emulate it. The concept of hardware emulation, with a scalable architecture for the FEC decoder boards, is introduced by way of a pipelined architecture.
Anti-TNF Therapy Reduces Serum Levels of Chemerin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A New Mechanism by Which Anti-TNF Might Reduce Inflammation (2013)

This exploratory study shows that adalimumab therapy lowers chemerin levels, which is associated with the reduction in disease activity parameters, and inflammatory mediators IL-6 and MIF. This suggests a possible involvement of chemerin in the migration/retention of macrophages in the synovium. TRIAL REGISTRATION NEDERLANDS TRIAL REGISTER: NTR 857.
Recycling and valorization of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets in WEEE (2016)

International audience
The force exerted on a body in inviscid unsteady non-uniform rotational flow (1988)

A general expression is derived for the fluid force on a body of simple shape moving with a velocity v through inviscid fluid in which there is an unsteady non-uniform rotational velocity field u 0 ( x , t ) in two or three dimensions. It is assumed that the radius is small compared with the scale over which the strain rate changes, though for the sphere it is also assumed that the changes in the ambient velocity field over the scale of the sphere are small compared with the velocity of the body relative to the flow. Given these approximations it is shown that the effects of the rate of change of the vorticity of the ambient flow is of second order and can be neglected. However the rate of change of the irrotational straining motion is included in the analysis. It is shown that the inertial forces derived by many authors for irrotational flow can be simply added to a generalization of the lift force derived by Auton (1987) in a companion paper. It is shown how this lift force is made up of a rotational and an inertial or added-mass component. For three-dimensional bluff bodies the latter is generally larger (by a factor of three for a sphere), and can be simply calculated from the added-mass coefficient. For illustration, the general expression is used to derive formulae for (i) the motion of a spherical bubble in a steady non-uniform flow to contrast with the motion in an unsteady flow, and (ii) the motion of rigid volumes of neutral density across an inviscid shear flow. These results show how added-mass (and lift) forces lead to different motions for a sphere and a cylinder. The general expression is useful in two-phase flow calculations, and for indicating the forces and motions of ‘lumps of fluid’ in turbulent flows.
ChemInform Abstract: First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Decarestrictine O (IVb) via RCM Protocol. (2010)

Abstract Synthons (I) (prepared from 1,3‐propanediol) and (II) (obtained from propylene oxide) are used for the construction of cyclization precursor (III).
Hexagonal and nematic phases of chains. II. Phase transitions (1991)

We develop a model for the phase transitions of a system of infinitely long, semiflexible chains that interact through a steric, excluded-volume repulsion. This model combines density-functional theory for freezing with the Onsager theory of orientational ordering. We derive phase diagrams in terms of pressure or density versus persistence length or temperature. If the temperature is low or the persistence length is long, the phase diagram shows an isotropic fluid, a nematic liquid-crystal phase, and a hexagonal lattice (also known as a columnar or canonic phase) as the pressure or density is increased. If the temperature is high or the persistence length is short, the phase diagram shows a direct isotropic-hexagonal transition, with no intermediate nematic phase. The theoretical phase diagram agrees qualitatively with several experiments on lyotropic discotic liquid crystals, and it should also apply to polymer liquid crystals, long-chain biomolecules, and wormlike micelles.
A gravimetric analysis of protein–oligosaccharide interactions (2003)

Interactions between an immobilized, heparin-derived octasaccharide and growth factors have been observed using a quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D). This device can measure the amount of growth factors binding to the octasaccharide surface and also the change of dissipation of the surface. Dissipation is a measure of how the adhered material 'damps' the surface vibrations. The octasaccharides were anchored through their reducing ends by the intermediary of the alkanethiol molecule, which covalently binds to the crystal surface through the thiol group. As expected, heparin sulphate binding growth factors bound to the octasaccharide, but the change in mass of growth factor bound per unit change in dissipation is different for the different growth factors. Suggesting that the structures of the various growth factor-octasaccharide complexes are different, therefore, indicates that the change in dissipation can give insights into the structure, orientation and packing of the oligosaccharide-growth factor complexes.
Targeting Acid Ceramidase to Improve the Radiosensitivity of Rectal Cancer (2020)

Previous work utilizing proteomic and immunohistochemical analyses has identified that high levels of acid ceramidase (AC) expression confers a poorer response to neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. We aimed to assess the radiosensitising effect of biological and pharmacological manipulation of AC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. AC manipulation in three colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116 and LIM1215) was achieved using siRNA and plasmid overexpression. Carmofur and a novel small molecular inhibitor (LCL521) were used as pharmacological AC inhibitors. Using clonogenic assays, we demonstrate that an siRNA knockdown of AC enhanced X-ray radiosensitivity across all colorectal cancer cell lines compared to a non-targeting control siRNA, and conversely, AC protein overexpression increased radioresistance. Using CRISPR gene editing, we also generated AC knockout HCT116 cells that were significantly more radiosensitive compared to AC-expressing cells. Similarly, two patient-derived organoid models containing relatively low AC expression were found to be comparatively more radiosensitive than three other models containing higher levels of AC. Additionally, AC inhibition using carmofur and LCL521 in three colorectal cancer cell lines increased cellular radiosensitivity. Decreased AC protein led to significant poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage and apoptosis post-irradiation, which was shown to be executed through a p53-dependent process. Our study demonstrates that expression of AC within colorectal cancer cell lines modulates the cellular response to radiation, and particularly that AC inhibition leads to significantly enhanced radiosensitivity through an elevation in apoptosis. This work further solidifies AC as a target for improving radiotherapy treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
Evaluating Power Consumption of D-Nuca Caches (2007)

D-NUCA caches are on-chip cache memories characterized by multi-bank partitioning and data migration. They exhibit high hit rates while keeping the access latency low. As counterpart, such caches are affected by high static and dynamic power consumption. In this work we present a preliminary power consumption evaluation of a D-NUCA cache. Results show the existing balance among static and dynamic contributions to total power budget.
The Immunoglobulin Fold Consists of a Beta-Sandwich Framework with Hypervariable Loops (2002)

Diverse land use activities can elevate risk of microbiological contamination entering stream headwaters. Spatially distributed water quality monitoring carried out across a 17 km(2) agricultural catchment aimed to characterize microbiological contamination reaching surface water and investigate whether winter agricultural land use restrictions proved effective in addressing water quality degradation. Combined flow and concentration data revealed no significant difference in fecal indicator organism (FIO) fluxes in base flow samples collected during the open and prohibited periods for spreading organic fertilizer, while relative concentrations of Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci and sulfite reducing bacteria indicated consistently fresh fecal pollution reached aquatic receptors during both periods. Microbial source tracking, employing Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene markers, demonstrated a dominance of bovine fecal waste in river water samples upstream of a wastewater treatment plant discharge during open periods. This contrasted with responses during prohibited periods where human-derived signatures dominated. Differences in microbiological signature, when viewed with hydrological data, suggested that increasing groundwater levels restricted vertical infiltration of effluent from on-site wastewater treatment systems and diverted it to drains and surface water. Study results reflect seasonality of contaminant inputs, while suggesting winter land use restrictions can be effective in limiting impacts of agricultural wastes to base flow water quality.
An Improved Method for Measuring the Magnetic Properties of Silicon Steel With Double Sheets at High Frequency (2018)

Single sheet tester (SST) is a traditional method for measuring magnetic properties of silicon steel. In order to make the measurement more accurate, this paper presents an improved SST with double yokes and double sheets. The electromagnetic simulation demonstrates that the magnetic field strength H between the two sheets that are in symmetric magnetic path approximately equal to H of two sheets, proving that the improved SST has higher test accuracy than the traditional double-yoked SST. A novel control method is proposed for the measurement system to make sure the symmetry of magnetic path. In this experiment, the magnetic field strength H and the magnetic flux density B of the tested samples are measured by an induction coil method, and the maximum working frequency of this apparatus can be up to 20 kHz.
Hydration and plasticization effects in cellulose acetate: molecular motion and relaxation (1996)

This paper examines the effects of hydration and plasticization on relaxation in cellulose acetate as revealed in the collated data from a number of techniques which include NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and dielectric spectroscopy, the latter over an extended range of frequency (0.1 Hz–1 GHz). Sample type and plasticizer content are disposable parameters. Interpretation is guided by extant information on the general behaviour of water in polymers. The way in which water and plasticizer contents change over the temperature range of the relaxation measurements is also monitored.The transition map of log νcvs. 1000/T for hydrated cellulose acetate reveals two relaxations in addition to the five described in the literature. Current interpretations are reviewed and, in some cases, revised. The seven relaxations are, in order of decreasing temperature: (i) the α-relaxation or glass transition; (ii) the β*-relaxation which, in this study, reveals rich detail upon the removal of water; (iii) relaxation associated with the onset of mobility of loosely bound water; (iv) the β-relaxation involving cooperative motion of the polar side groups and the sugar rings in the main chain; (v) the formation of ice when significant bulk water is present in the material; (vi) the γ-relaxation which is closely identified with the glass transition of tightly bound water; and (vii) NMR evidence of methyl group relaxation. Water, when present, tends to drive the relaxations to lower temperatures.Events at low temperatures, in the vicinity of the γ-relaxation, are especially complex and difficult to interpret. Plausible scenarios are proposed which are consistent with the available experimental information, in particular, the glass-like character of tightly bound water in host polymers.
Expression of Middle-Component RNA of Cowpea Mosaic Virus: In Vitro Generation of a Precursor to Both Capsid Proteins by a Bottom-Component RNA-Encoded Protease from Infected Cells (1982)

The expression of the middle-component (M) RNA of cowpea mosaic virus was studied by means of in vitro translation. In both the wheat germ extract and the rabbit reticulocyte lysate, M RNA was translated into two overlapping polypeptides of 95 and 105 kilodaltons. Incubation of these polypeptides with 30,000 x g supernatant fractions from cowpea mesophyll protoplasts inoculated with complete virus or with separate bottom (B) components alone resulted in extensive processing, yielding polypeptides of 60, 58, 48, and 47 kilodaltons. Similar proteolytic activity was found associated with the in vitro translation products from the bottom-component RNA, demonstrating that the protease present in infected cells is encoded by B RNA. Using antisera raised against the separate capsid proteins VP23 and VP37, it was shown that the 60-kilodalton cleavage product is the precursor to both capsid proteins. Cleavage of nascent 95- and 105- kilodalton polypeptides by the in vivo protease demonstrated that this capsid protein precursor is located C terminally within both polypeptides and that the synthesis of these two overlapping polypeptides is the result of two initiation sites on middle-component RNA. In addition, a second virus-induced proteolytic activity, capable of releasing VP23 from the 95- and 105-kilodalton polypeptides, was detected in leaves of infected plants, but not in infected mesophyll protoplasts. A model for the expression of the middle-component RNA is presented.
Introduction of Mn(iii) to regulate the electronic structure of fluorine-doped nickel hydroxide for efficient water oxidation (2019)

OER is the key step to increase the rate of water-splitting reaction. Design and construction of appropriate defects is an effective strategy to enhance catalytic activity. Mn has stronger e<sup>-</sup>-e<sup>-</sup> repulsion by the local influence of its 3d orbital electrons. When Mn(iii) was successfully introduced into two dimensional F-doped Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>, it can tune the surface electronic structure of the F-doped Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> to increase its oxygen deficiency content. In this work, the as-synthesized Mn and F co-doped Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>-NF on Ni foam (Mn-F/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>-NF) shows remarkable oxygen evolution performance, exhibiting 233 mV overpotential at 20 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, and the Tafel slope is 56.9 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> in 1 M KOH. The performance is better than that of the same loading of IrO<sub>2</sub> on Ni foam. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further show that the introduction of oxygen defects can significantly improve the OER catalytic performance of Mn-F/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>-NF.
A multi-institution exploration of peer instruction in practice (2018)

Peer Instruction (PI) is an active learning pedagogy that has been shown to improve student outcomes in computing, including lower failure rates, higher exam scores, and better retention in the CS major. PI's key classroom mechanism is the PI question: a formative multiple choice question on which students vote, then discuss, then vote again. While research indicates that PI questions lead to learning gains for students, relatively little is known about the questions themselves and how faculty employ them. Additionally, much of the work has examined PI data collected by researchers operating in a quasi-experimental setting. We examine data collected incidentally by multiple instructors using PI as a pedagogical technique in their classroom. We look at how many questions instructors use in their courses, the difficulty level of the questions, and normalized gain, a metric that looks at increases in student correctness between individual and group votes. We find normalized gain levels similar to those in existing literature, indicating that students are learning, and that most questions, even those developed by instructors new to PI, fall within recommended difficulty levels, indicating instructors can create good PI questions with little training. We also find that instructors add PI questions over the first several iterations of a new PI course, showing that they find PI questions valuable and suggesting that full development of PI materials for a course may take multiple semesters.
DISABILITY EVALUATION IN INDUSTRIAL PULMONARY DISEASE (1949)

Of the numerous problems associated with the administration of workmen's compensation, two that are especially vexing are the responsibility of the members of the medical profession. Donlon 1 has recently described these contentious factors as being the evaluation of the degree of disability and the establishment of a causal relationship between the disability and whatever trauma may have arisen out of and in the course of employment. DEFINITION OF DISABILITY To bring these two problems into focus it is obligatory that the expert witness have a clear understanding of the term disability as it is used in compensation acts. The term disability implies a lack of competency in respect to a designated ability. Hence a precise definition of the particular ability for which the allegedly disabled person has become incompetent is essential. In the compensation acts of most states, the term disability is defined as being meant to imply that
DNA METHYLATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI (1987)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Analysis of VEGF-responsive genes involved in the activation of endothelial cells. (2003)

We have identified a set of 11 VEGF-responsive endothelial cell candidate genes. Their expression in endothelial cell is confirmed by northern blot analyses. This preliminary report forms as a foundation for functional studies to be performed to reveal their roles in EC activation and pathophysiological events associated with the vasculature including tumor growth.
Regulation of ICAM‐3 (CD50) membrane expression on human neutrophils through a proteolytic shedding mechanism (1994)

The regulation of the cell surface expression of ICAM-3 (CD50) was investigated in human neutrophils. Immunofluorescence flow cytometry analysis revealed a remarkable and very rapid down-regulation of the ICAM-3 cell surface expression upon neutrophil activation with stimulating agents such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or calcium ionophore. A similar low expression of ICAM-3 was observed on neutrophils from patients undergoing hemodialysis with cell-activating cellulosic membranes. Internalization assays with 125I-labeled anti-ICAM-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) suggested that ICAM-3-down-regulation was due to antigen release from the cell surface towards the outer milieu, rather than to antigen internalization. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed this down-regulatory effect, and revealed the presence of ICAM-3 in cell-free supernatants from activated neutrophils. Furthermore, the presence of a soluble form of ICAM-3 with a range of concentrations of 0-296 ng/ml in the plasma from healthy human volunteers was detected by using a two-site mAb radioimmunoassay. A proteolytic mechanism likely accounts for this process since protease inhibitors virtually abrogated the PMA-induced down-regulation of ICAM-3. Functional studies showed that anti-ICAM-3 mAb were able to trigger homotypic neutrophil aggregation both before and after ICAM-3 down-regulation, indicating that the fraction of ICAM-3 molecules remaining on the neutrophil surface upon activation are still capable of sustaining cell adhesion. In contrast, the loss of L-selectin (CD62L) on activated neutrophils was almost complete, thus leading to an impairment of L-selectin-mediated neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion. These results indicate that ICAM-3 is released to the medium upon neutrophil stimulation and that both ICAM-3 and L-selectin have a role in the neutrophil adhesive phenomena.