gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The contract approach illustrated with a distributed routing protocol (1994)

Within an object-oriented system, groups of related objects often cooperate to perform some tasks or to maintain some invariants. Understanding how the cooperating objects collaborate is crucial for object-oriented software design and reuse. Helm's Contract is a technique for explicitly specifying interactions among groups of objects. In this paper, we show how Contract can be used to represent variations of a distributed routing protocol as large-grained reusable object-oriented abstractions. The routing protocol is specified as a Contract. Variants of it, corresponding to different distance metrics such as hops and transit delay, are defined as Contract refinements.
Chromophores, Fluorophores and Robust Ancillary Ligands for Molecular Catalysts: 1,3‐Bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolines (2014)

Abstract Since the first report in the early 1950s, 1,3‐bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindolines (BPIs) have found widespread applications in organic, inorganic and materials chemistry. This microreview focuses on recent progress towards chiral BPI derivatives as ligands for enantioselective catalysis as well as developments in the use of BPI complexes in materials science, focusing on luminescent and birefringent materials.
Mir-17∼92 Governs Motor Neuron Subtype Survival by Mediating Nuclear PTEN (2015)

Motor neurons (MNs) are unique because they project their axons outside of the CNS to innervate the peripheral muscles. Limb-innervating lateral motor column MNs (LMC-MNs) travel substantially to innervate distal limb mesenchyme. How LMC-MNs fine-tune the balance between survival and apoptosis while wiring the sensorimotor circuit en route remains unclear. Here, we show that the mir-17∼92 cluster is enriched in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived LMC-MNs and that conditional mir-17∼92 deletion in MNs results in the death of LMC-MNs in vitro and in vivo. mir-17∼92 overexpression rescues MNs from apoptosis, which occurs spontaneously during embryonic development. PTEN is a primary target of mir-17∼92 responsible for LMC-MN degeneration. Additionally, mir-17∼92 directly targets components of E3 ubiquitin ligases, affecting PTEN subcellular localization through monoubiquitination. This miRNA-mediated regulation modulates both target expression and target subcellular localization, providing LMC-MNs with an intricate defensive mechanism that controls their survival.
Rhorix: An interface between quantum chemical topology and the 3D graphics program blender (2017)

Chemical research is assisted by the creation of visual representations that map concepts (such as atoms and bonds) to 3D objects. These concepts are rooted in chemical theory that predates routine solution of the Schrödinger equation for systems of interesting size. The method of Quantum Chemical Topology (QCT) provides an alternative, parameter-free means to understand chemical phenomena directly from quantum mechanical principles. Representation of the topological elements of QCT has lagged behind the best tools available. Here, we describe a general abstraction (and corresponding file format) that permits the definition of mappings between topological objects and their 3D representations. Possible mappings are discussed and a canonical example is suggested, which has been implemented as a Python "Add-On" named Rhorix for the state-of-the-art 3D modeling program Blender. This allows chemists to use modern drawing tools and artists to access QCT data in a familiar context. A number of examples are discussed. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Field Application of a Subunit Vaccine against an Enteric Protozoan Disease (2008)

These results demonstrate that a vaccine composed of antigens purified from the gametocytes of Eimeria can be used safely and effectively to prevent the deleterious effects of coccidiosis. It is the first subunit vaccine against any protozoan parasite to be successfully applied on a commercial scale.
Imidazoquinolinethiones from quinolines: a new molecular rearrangement (1996)

8-Aminoquinolines and the dithiazolium salt 1 give N-(8-quinolinyl)iminodithiazoles 4 which undergo an unusual type of thermal rearrangement to give the new imidazo[5,4,1-ij]quinoline-4-thiones 6; it appears that the thione sulfur is delivered intramolecularly (9 → 10).
Computational Lithography for 3-Dimensional Fine Photolithography using Sophisticated Built-in Lens Mask (2021)

Built-in lens mask lithography realizes 3D imaging by a single exposure using a conventional proximity exposure system. 3D structures are divided into seed elements with different depth of focus, and the complex amplitude of the mask is designed by combining the wavefronts that image these elements. However, due to the interference of the seeds, the three-dimensional image may be missing. For this reason, it has been necessary to set the seed pattern based on empirical knowledge. In this paper, we have developed a system to automatically design the seed pattern. The system calculates the light intensity-distribution in space and places seeds with opposite phases to cancel where excessive image remains. On the other hand, additional seeds are placed in space where light intensity is not sufficient. This procedure is repeated step by step until the required image is obtained. Computational lithography will show that this results in the required 3D image.
High message rate, NIC-based atomics: Design and performance considerations (2008)

Remote atomic memory operations are critical for achieving high-performance synchronization in tightly-coupled systems. Previous approaches to implementing atomic memory operations on high-performance networks have explored providing the primitives necessary to achieve low latency and low host processor overhead. In this paper, we explore the implementation of atomic memory operations with a focus on achieving high message rate. We believe that high message rate is a key performance characteristic that will determine the viability of a high-performance network to support future multi-petascale systems, especially those that expect to employ a partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming model. As an example, many have proposed using network interface level atomic operations to enhance the performance of the HPCC RandomAccess benchmark. This paper explores several issues relevant to the design of an atomic unit on the network interface. We explore the implications of the size of the cache as well as the associativity. Given the growing ratio of bandwidth to latency of modern host interfaces, we explore some of the interactions that impact the concurrency needed to saturate the interface.
A Rocky Resurgence (2023)

A 70-year-old Albanian woman presented with a 2-month history of progressive pain in the right upper quadrant. . . .
Synthesis and In Vitro (Anticancer) Evaluation of η6-Arene Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Stannyl Ligands (2017)

Treatment of the known half-sandwich complexes of the type [(η6-C6H6)RuCl2(P(OR)3)] (R = Me or Ph) with SnCl2 yielded three new half-sandwich ruthenium complexes (C1–C3): [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(SnCl3)(P(OMe)3)] (C1), [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(SnCl3)(P(OPh)3)] (C2) and the bis-stannyl complex [(η6-C6H6)Ru(SnCl3)2(P(OMe)3)] (C3) by facile insertion of SnCl2 into the Ru–Cl bonds. Treatment of the known complexes [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(SnCl3)(PPh3)] and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl2(PPh3)] with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DAMP) and ammonium tetrafluoroborate afforded the complex salts: [(η6-C6H6)Ru(SnCl3)(PPh3)(DAMP)]+BF4− (C4) and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(PPh3)(DAMP)]+BF4− (C5) respectively. Complexes C1–C5 have been fully characterized by spectroscopic means (IR, UV–vis, multinuclear NMR, ESI–MS) and their thermal behaviour elucidated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Structural characterization by single crystal X-ray crystallography of the novel complex C2 and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl2(P(OPh)3)], the latter having escaped elucidation by this method, is also reported. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the complexes was determined on the A2780 (human ovarian cancer), A2780cisR (human ovarian cis-platin-resistant cancer), and the HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cell lines and discussed, and an attempt is made to elucidate the effect of the stannyl ligand on cytotoxicity.
Biomaterials education: An academic and industrial viewpoint (1991)

Abstract The field of biomaterials has grown rapidly over the last three decades in the academic, industrial, and regulatory sectors. Beginning as a research thrust, which led to courses at a few universities, biomaterials education has evolved into distinct curriculum in over 60 institutions in the United States and Canada alone. Rapid growth, however, can cause problems. In an effort to determine the present status and future needs in each sector, as well as begin to assess if the needs of industry are being met by present academic programs, two surveys were sent out. As shown by the two surveys, academic programs have been increasing in both size and quality while industry has also been expanding, as indicated by the many small companies involved in biomaterials. The shift toward graduate programs is in keeping with the perceived educational needs of potential employers. The majority of academic programs appear to be providing the training and coursework desired by employers. Further information, however, is needed to determine if the number of graduates trained in biomaterials is adequate, or in fact excessive. It is, therefore, recommended that a more comprehensive survey, sent to the biomaterials companies listed in the FDA registry, be undertaken. In addition, a survey to each academic program that addresses hiring of recent graduates would also be beneficial. It does appear that certain standards for curricula could be agreed upon, although the field has probably not evolved sufficiently for accreditation or professional registration to be addressed yet.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Ribonuclease H Domains Suggests a Late, Chimeric Origin of LTR Retrotransposable Elements and Retroviruses (2001)

We have conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Ribonuclease HI (RNH) domains present in Eubacteria, Eukarya, all long-term repeat (LTR)-bearing retrotransposons, and several late-branching clades of non-LTR retrotransposons. Analysis of this simple yet highly conserved enzymatic domain from these disparate sources provides surprising insights into the evolution of eukaryotic retrotransposons. First, it indicates that the lineage of elements leading to vertebrate retroviruses acquired a new RNH domain either from non-LTR retrotransposons or from a eukaryotic host genome. The preexisting retroviral RNH domain degenerated to become the tether (connection) domain of the reverse transcriptase (RT)-RNH complex. Second, it indicates that all LTR retrotransposons arose in eukaryotes well after the origin of the non-LTR retrotransposons. Because of the younger age of the LTR retrotransposons, their complex structure, and the absence of any prokaryotic precursors, we propose that the LTR retrotransposons originated as a fusion between a DNA-mediated transposon and a non-LTR retrotransposon. The resulting two-step mechanism of LTR retrotransposition, in which RNA is reverse transcribed away from the chromosomal target site, rather than directly onto the target site, was probably an adaptation to the uncoupling of transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells.
Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma penetrans in experimentally infected chicken embryos (1996)

Cumulative mortality for chicken embryos infected via the yolk sac was 10 to 30% forMycoplasma fermentans and 70 to 100% for M. penetrans. Morbidity included dwarfing, deformed limbs, and petechiae. Both mycoplasmas were reisolated from the allantoicfluid, yolk sac, liver, and brain. Hisotpathological changes in livers includedadiffuseinfiltrationoflymphocytesafterM.fermentansinfectionandanacuteinflammatoryresponse with periportal infiltration of granulocytes after M. penetrans infection. This model system may provide a means to study mycoplasma disease processes in vivo. Mycoplasmas are bacteria which lack a cell wall. They cause a variety of acute and chronic debilitating diseases in animals (26). Fifteen species are currently known to colonize or infect humans,producingdiseasessuchaspneumoniaandurogenital tract infections (17).Mycoplasma fermentansandMycoplasma penetransinfect patients with AIDS more frequently than they do human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative low-risk individuals (18). These AIDS-associated mycoplasmas may be cofactors in the progression of AIDS (12, 18). Infection by M. fermentans can be detected in the blood, oral, and urine samples of patients with AIDS by serology, PCR, and isolation (7, 8, 13, 15). M. fermentans has been identified in autopsy tissues from patients with AIDS and in placentasdeliveredbypatientswithAIDS(3,18,20).Infection by M. fermentans has also been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome with or without systemic illness in HIVnegative patients (19, 23). Mycoplasma penetrans is a new species of human mycoplasma recently isolated from the urogenital tracts of male homosexual patients with AIDS (22). M. penetrans has the unusual capability of penetrating into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells (2, 11, 21). In the United States, M. penetrans infects40%ofHIV-positivehomosexualmenand10to20%of
Crystal structure of 14-O-[(4-(4-hydroxypiperidine-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2-yl)thioacetyl]-mutilin monohydrate, C32H49N3O6S (2021)

Abstract C 32 H 49 N 3 O 6 S, orthorhombic, P 2 1 2 1 2 1 (no. 19), a = 9.2618(2) Å, b = 12.4066(2) Å, c = 27.2256(5) Å, V = 3128.42(12) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0517, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.1355, T = 173.20(2) K.
THE PARKINSONIAN TREMOR IN SLEEP (1968)

1 Now at Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston. 2 Division of Psychiatry, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, New York 10467.
Scalable Data Cube Analysis over Big Data (2013)

Data cubes are widely used as a powerful tool to provide multidimensional views in data warehousing and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP). However, with increasing data sizes, it is becoming computationally expensive to perform data cube analysis. The problem is exacerbated by the demand of supporting more complicated aggregate functions (e.g. CORRELATION, Statistical Analysis) as well as supporting frequent view updates in data cubes. This calls for new scalable and efficient data cube analysis systems. In this paper, we introduce HaCube, an extension of MapReduce, designed for efficient parallel data cube analysis on large-scale data by taking advantages from both MapReduce (in terms of scalability) and parallel DBMS (in terms of efficiency). We also provide a general data cube materialization algorithm which is able to facilitate the features in MapReduce-like systems towards an efficient data cube computation. Furthermore, we demonstrate how HaCube supports view maintenance through either incremental computation (e.g. used for SUM or COUNT) or recomputation (e.g. used for MEDIAN or CORRELATION). We implement HaCube by extending Hadoop and evaluate it based on the TPC-D benchmark over billions of tuples on a cluster with over 320 cores. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency, scalability and practicality of HaCube for cube analysis over a large amount of data in a distributed environment.
A V-band planar narrow bandpass filter using a new type integrated waveguide transition (2004)

A surface mountable planar narrow bandpass filter is proposed and demonstrated at V-band. The filter is constructed using an integrated waveguide in an alumina substrate employing a novel microstrip line to waveguide transition. The insertion loss per one transition is less than 0.1 dB over 43 to 73 GHz. A fabricated three-pole Chebyshev filter exhibits an insertion loss of 3 dB with a 3.3% bandwidth at a center frequency of 62 GHz and the return loss is better than 15 dB in the passband.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor Augments Nitric Oxide Release From Quiescent Rabbit and Human Vascular Endothelium (1997)

VEGF/VPF stimulates production of NO from rabbit and human ECs. This finding (1) constitutes inferential evidence for the presence of functional VEGF/VPF receptors on quiescent endothelium of the adult rabbit as well as human ECs and (2) supports the notion that putative maintenance functions of VEGF/VPF may include regulation of baseline synthesis and/or release of EC NO.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca bei Patienten mit Lipoprotein-(a)-Erhöhung (1997)

We could show, that in more than 80% of the examined patients at least one sign of keratoconjunctivitis sicca was found; however we did not find a correlation between the height of the Lp(a) level and the degree of pathologic impression cytology. Further examinations are needed to investigate the causal connection between keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Lp(a) elevation.
A Ritter‐Type Reaction: Direct Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation at Nitrogen Atoms Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents (2010)

Acid-catalyzed electrophilic trifluoromethylation of nitriles in the presence of azoles leads to N-(trifluoromethyl)imine derivatives. The source of the trifluoromethyl group is a readily prepared and easy-to-handle hypervalent iodine(III) reagent (see scheme; HNTf2=bis(N-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide). This Ritter-type reaction is astraightforward approach to N-(trifluoromethyl)imidoyl azoles, compounds otherwise very difficult to access. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical value of ultrasound–ultrasound overlay fusion for optimal ablation and local controllability (2019)

US-US overlay fusion guidance can be highly effective for safety margin achievement in RFA for HCC, providing a lower risk of local tumor progression.
Preoperative Evaluation of the Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy With Flexion-Extension Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2011)

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy results from the synergistic action of static and dynamic factors, the latter of which play an important role. In some patients, IHIS on T2 images is only visible with the neck in flexion. That might explain why IHIS is first detected after surgery in some patients in whom MRI was obtained before surgery only in the neutral position. Dynamic MRI is useful to determine more accurately the number of levels where the spinal cord is compromised, and to better evaluate narrowing of the canal and IHIS. New information provided by flexion-extension MRI might change our strategy for CSM management.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Iodocyclopropanes into Cyclopropylzinc Chlorides and Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of the Latter Derivatives with Alkenyl Iodides and Iodobenzene: Stereospecific Syntheses of 1,2‐Bisalkenylcyclopropanes and 1‐Alkenyl‐2‐phenylcyclopropanes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Globin Synthesis (2001)

Abstract Globin synthesis refers to the expression of the α‐like and β‐like globin genes in red blood cells. Mutations of these genes cause the ‘haemoglobinopathies’, the most common genetic disorders in humans. The regulation of the globin genes is not only an important model system for understanding gene expression in mammals, but a fuller understanding of this problem will lead to novel clinical approaches to the haemoglobinopathies.
ChemInform Abstract: CONTRIBUTION TO THE PREPARATION OF 4‐QUINAZOLINONE AND (D)(1,3)BENZOXAZIN‐4‐ONE DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Die durch eine Willgerodt‐Kindler‐Reaktion erhaltenen Thioamide (III) geben mit Methyljodid die kristallinen Thiomorpholiniumjodide (IV).
REPRODUCIBILITY & ROBUSTNESS IN PURSUING LIFE-EXTENDING COMPOUNDS: CAENORHABDITIS INTERVENTION TESTING PROGRAM (2018)

Identifying compounds that increase longevity is made difficult by complexities engendered by heterogeneity in mortality and the noisiness of lifespan itself as an object of study. It is perhaps then not surprising that reproducibility has been a major issue within the field. The Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) addresses both reproducibility in experimental variation and robustness to genetic differences by systematically testing compounds across multiple genetic backgrounds independently in multiple laboratories in the C. elegans model system. We are able to identify compounds with robust positive effects on lifespan, but only after recognizing that any given replicate may generate a contradictory outcome. Interestingly, it is the ephemeral nature of the life-course of each individual, even when genetically identical, that explains the majority of the variation in intervention outcomes. Longevity itself appears to be controlled by a myriad of shifts in physiological state, currently obscure to us, that demand further study.
Judicious setting of Dynamic Time Warping's window width allows more accurate classification of time series (2017)

While the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) — based Nearest-Neighbor Classification algorithm is regarded as a strong baseline for time series classification, in recent years there has been a plethora of algorithms that have claimed to be able to improve upon its accuracy in the general case. Many of these proposed ideas sacrifice the simplicity of implementation that DTW-based classifiers offer for rather modest gains. Nevertheless, there are clearly times when even a small improvement could make a large difference in an important medical or financial domain. In this work, we make an unexpected claim; an underappreciated “low hanging fruit” in optimizing DTW's performance can produce improvements that make it an even stronger baseline, closing most or all the improvement gap of the more sophisticated methods. We show that the method currently used to learn DTW's only parameter, the maximum amount of warping allowed, is likely to give the wrong answer for small training sets. We introduce a simple method to mitigate the small training set issue by creating synthetic exemplars to help learn the parameter. We evaluate our ideas on the UCR Time Series Archive and a case study in fall classification, and demonstrate that our algorithm produces significant improvement in classification accuracy.