gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Strain Dynamic Shear Modulus of Cemented Sand from Cone Penetration Test Results (1996)

Low strain dynamic shear modulus property is generally used to subclassify soil strata, determine elastic settlements under geotechnical structures, and characterize the dynamic nature of soils. Several methods to interpret the dynamic shear modulus of sands from in situ friction cone test results have been developed. These methods used calibration chamber test data of clean sands. Therefore, these methods are not valid for interpreting the shear modulus of cemented sands. Introduced here is an interpretation method to estimate the shear modulus of cemented sand. Thirty-seven friction cone penetration tests (CPTs) were conducted on artificially cemented sand specimens of relative densities ranging from 45 percent to 85 percent and confining pressures ranging from 100 to 300 kPa in a laboratory stress-strain-controlled calibration chamber. Cementation levels of 1 and 2 percent were used in preparing cemented specimens. Resonant column tests were also conducted on the same sand with identical cementation levels. The CPT and resonant column test data are used in developing an interpretation method that includes semiempirical correlations. Simple interpretation charts are also provided to directly estimate the low strain shear modulus of cemented sand from tip resistance, unconfined compressive strength, and relative density data. Comparisons between predictions of the proposed interpretation method and the present measured shear modulus test data indicate that the interpretation charts have provided reasonable predictions. The comparisons also indicate that the predicted results on clean sands obtained by different researchers are in agreement with each other.
Detection of Reactive Metabolites Using Isotope-Labeled Glutathione Trapping and Simultaneous Neutral Loss and Precursor Ion Scanning with Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadruple Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Metabolic activation of drugs to electrophilic species is responsible for over 60% of black box warnings and drug withdrawals from the market place in the United States. Reactive metabolite trapping using glutathione (GSH) and analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) or HPLC with high resolution mass spectrometry (mass defect filtering) have enabled screening for metabolic activation to become routine during drug development. However, current MS-based approaches cannot detect all GSH conjugates present in complex mixtures, especially those present in extracts of botanical dietary supplements. To overcome these limitations, a fast triple quadrupole mass spectrometer-based approach was developed that can detect positively and negatively charged GSH conjugates in a single analysis without the need for advanced knowledge of the elemental compositions of potential conjugates and while avoiding false positives. This approach utilized UHPLC instead of HPLC to shorten separation time and enhance sensitivity, incorporated stable-isotope labeled GSH to avoid false positives, and used fast polarity switching electrospray MS/MS to detect GSH conjugates that form positive and/or negative ions. The general new method was then used to test the licorice dietary supplement Glycyrrhiza glabra, which was found to form multiple GSH conjugates upon metabolic activation. Among the GSH conjugates found in the licorice assay were conjugates with isoliquiritigenin and glabridin, which is an irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Development and Impact Behaviors of AL Door Guarder Beam Reinforced with CFRP for Side Collision of Automobiles (2007)

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates are used in the wide field, because they have excellent properties of a specific strength and of a specific stiffness. The CFRP has a possibility of weight reduction automotive structures which can contribute to improve mileage and then to reduce Carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the safety of collision should be also made clear in the case of employing the CFRP to automotive structures. In this paper, the Al guarder beam reinforced with the CFRP is examined by an experiment and by a numerical analysis for replacing it to the conventional steel door guarder beam equipped in the automotive door. The experimental relations of impact load to displacement for the Al guarder beams with the different thickness of CFRP showed the good agreement with those of numerical results. From the comparison of these results, the numerical method developed here is quite useful for estimating the impact behaviors of Al guarder beam with CFRP layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality Algebra (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simplifying Robot Tools by Taking Advantage of Sensor Integration in Human Collaboration Robots (2016)

Currently, small scale manufacturing is limited to manual assembly due to high product specific costs for fully-automated production. Human robot collaboration (HRC) aims to overcome this problem with semi-automated production by incorporating sensor integrated robotics in more fields of human activity. One key aspect for industrial use of human-robot collaboration is cost efficient adaptability for different manufacturing scenarios. This paper introduces a method that satisfies these demands by simplifying robot tools. Algorithms leveraging the sensor integration of collaboration robots are used to reduce product specific costs. The feasibility of this method is validated by implementation into a flexible screwdriving tool.
The Influence of Starch and Fibre on In Vitro Protein Digestibility of Dry Fractionated Quinoa Seed (Riobamba Variety) (2018)

The in vitro gastric digestibility of the quinoa variety Riobamba was investigated, especially the influence of the quinoa matrix. Dry-fractionated quinoa protein concentrate, which is just milled and sieved, was much better digestible than the same concentrate that was reconstituted from wet fractionated quinoa protein isolate, quinoa starch isolate, and quinoa fibre isolate. In the reconstituted concentrate, the presence of quinoa starch and fibre next to quinoa protein reduces its in vitro gastric digestibility significantly. However, the effect of starch is partially counteracted if the fibre is also present. While the effects of starch and fibre separately can be understood from the decrease of the accessibility for pepsin to hydrolyse proteins, due to the hydrated starch and fibre, we suspect that the synergistic effect of starch and fibre may be due to a relative reduction of the hydration of starch due to the presence of the also strongly hydrating fibre. We concluded that the presence of starch and fibre decreases the protein in vitro gastric digestibility. Therefore, the presence of fibre partially countered the decreased of the protein digestibility of starch. Heating of the matrices to 120 °C generally resulted in much lower digestion rates, due to extensive aggregation of the protein.
Determinants of activation by complement of group II phospholipase A2 acting against Escherichia coli (1996)

Prompt killing of many strains of Escherichia coli during phagocytosis in vitro by isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) requires the presence of nonlethal doses of nonimmune serum (B. A. Mannion, J. Weiss, and P. Elsbach, J. Clin. Invest. 86:631-641, 1990). Because this requirement is bypassed in a phospholipase A (PLA)-rich mutant (pldA ) of E. coli, we have examined the effect of serum on bacteria] phospholipid (PL) degradation during phagocytosis of wild-type (pldA+) and PLA-deficient (pldA) E. coli. In parallel with increased killing, nonlethal doses of serum increased the degradation of prelabeled bacterial PL during phagocytosis by two- to fivefold, to nearly the same levels (ca. 50 to 60%) as those produced during phagocytosis of E. coli pldA in the absence of serum. The effects on the E. coli pldA mutant imply that there is a serum-mediated enhancement of granule-associated group II PMN PLA2 activity. At the same doses, serum promoted action against E. coli in the presence of purified rabbit and human group II PLA2 but did not activate bacterial PLA. Related PLA2s that lack specific structural determinants needed for optimal activity against E. coli treated with the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) of PMN are also less active than wild-type group II PLA2 against serum-treated E. coli. Treatment of E. coli with C7- or C9-depleted serum did not enhance bacterial killing or PL degradation during phagocytosis or the action of purified PLA2. In summary, these findings suggest that (i) nonlethal assemblies of the membrane attack complex promote intracellular killing and destruction of E. coli ingested by PMN, in part by promoting the action of granule-associated PLA2 against ingested bacteria, and (ii) structural determinants first implicated in PLA2 action against BPI-treated E. coli are also important in PLA2 action in concert with other host defense systems, such as complement.
Target neuron-specific process formation by embryonic mesencephalic dopamine neurons in vitro. (1981)

Mesencephalic dopamine neurons from the embryonic mouse brain were dissociated, aggregated in vitro in the presence of dissociated cells from appropriate or inappropriate target neuron areas, and visualized by the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique after exposure to 1 microM exogenous dopamine. When aggregated with the surrounding rostral mesencephalic tegmentum cells only or with the addition of rostral tectum cells, the dopamine neurons formed a dense dendritic arborization, but no axons were observed. In the presence of dopamine-neuron target cells from the corpus striatum, a dense axonal plexus characteristic of that formed in this area in vivo was observed. In contrast, in aggregates formed with target cells from the frontal cortex, branching fluorescent axons bearing irregularly spaced and shaped varicosities were found coursing through the neuropil, as is characteristic of the dopaminergic innervation to the frontal cortex in vivo. Only proximal dendrites were observed in the presence of these axonal target cells. Dopamine neurons cultured with inappropriate target cells from the occipital cortex did not form either extensive axonal or dendritic processes. Thus, the presence, type, and distribution of dopamine neuronal processes are dependent on the presence of appropriate target cells. The formation of unique patterns of neuronal processes by dissociated neurons in vitro suggests that the information necessary for this differentiation is intrinsic to the dopamine neurons and their target cells. This system provides a useful model with which to study basic mechanisms underlying neuronal recognition.
{ReIIICl3} Core Complexes with Bifunctional Single Amino Acid Chelates (2002)

The reactions of the Re(V) starting material [ReO(PPh(3))(2)Cl(3)] with ligands of the type XN(Y)Z [X = Y = 2-pyridylmethyl, Z = -CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(1)Et), -CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(2)Et), -CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(NHCO(2)Bu(t))CO(2)H (L(3)H); X = 2-pyridylmethyl, Y = 2-(1-methylimidazolyl)methyl, Z = -CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(4)Et)] yielded the Re(III) trichloride complexes of the type [ReCl(3)(L(n)R)]. The complexes are mononuclear, paramagnetic species with a facial geometry of the chloride ligands. The nitrogen donors of the tridentate L(n)()R ligands complete the distorted octahedral coordination spheres of the complexes. Crystal data: [ReCl(3)(L(1)Et)] (1), monoclinic, C2/m, a = 16.088(3) A, b = 9.980(2) A, c = 12.829(2) A, beta = 91.384(3) degrees, Z = 4, D(calc) = 1.967 g/cm(-)(3); [ReCl(3)(L(4)Et)] (4), monoclinic, C2/c, a = 22.880(1) A, b = 7.4926(4) A, c = 22.560(1) A, beta = 94.186(1) degrees, Z = 8, D(calc) = 2.001 g/cm(-3).
Discovery of a Locally and Orally Active CXCL12 Neutraligand (LIT-927) with Anti-inflammatory Effect in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Hypereosinophilia (2018)

We previously reported Chalcone-4 (1) that binds the chemokine CXCL12, not its cognate receptors CXCR4 or CXCR7, and neutralizes its biological activity. However, this neutraligand suffers from limitations such as poor chemical stability, solubility, and oral activity. Herein, we report on the discovery of pyrimidinone 57 (LIT-927), a novel neutraligand of CXCL12 which displays a higher solubility than 1 and is no longer a Michael acceptor. While both 1 and 57 reduce eosinophil recruitment in a murine model of allergic airway hypereosinophilia, 57 is the only one to display inhibitory activity following oral administration. Thereby, we here describe 57 as the first orally active CXCL12 neutraligand with anti-inflammatory properties. Combined with a high binding selectivity for CXCL12 over other chemokines, 57 represents a powerful pharmacological tool to investigate CXCL12 physiology in vivo and to explore the activity of chemokine neutralization in inflammatory and related diseases.
Implantation and the placenta: key pieces of the development puzzle (1994)

The mammalian embryo cannot develop without the placenta. Its specialized cells (trophoblast, endoderm, and extraembryonic mesoderm) form early in development. They attach the embryo to the uterus (implantation) and form vascular connections necessary for nutrient transport. In addition, the placenta redirects maternal endocrine, immune, and metabolic functions to the embryo's advantage. These complex activities are sensitive to disruption, as shown by the high incidence of early embryonic mortality and pregnancy diseases in humans, as well as the numerous peri-implantation lethal mutations in mice. Integration of molecular and developmental approaches has recently produced insights into the molecules that control these processes.
Synthese und Röntgenstrukturanalyse von S4N4‐Derivaten mit drei‐ und vierfach koordinierten Schwefelatomen (1981)

Abstract CF 3 SO 2 NSCl 2 reagiert mit (CH 3 ) 2 S[NSi(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , (C 4 H 8 )S[NSi(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 oder (C 5 H 10 )S[NSi(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 unter Trimethylchlorsilanabspaltung zu den achtgliedrigen S 4 N 4 ‐Derivaten S 4 N 4 (NSO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (CH 3 ) 4 3 , S 4 N 4 (NSO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (C 4 H 8 ) 2 4a und S 4 N 4 (NSO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (C 5 H 1 0 ) 2 4b . In den achtgliedrigen SN‐Ringen haben die Schwefelatome die Koordinationszahl 3 und 4. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 4a ergab eine Sessel‐Konformation. 4a kristallisiert orthorhombisch in der Raumgruppe Pna2 1 mit a = 17,641(4), b = 6,406(2), c = 19,130(4) Å, d x = 1,815 g cm −3 und Z = 4. Die mittleren SN‐Abstände betragen an den vierfach koordinierten Schwefelatomen 1,597 Å und an den Schwefelatomen mit der Koordinationszahl 3 1,650 Å. CF 3 SO 2 NSCl 2 reagiert mit trimethylzinnhaltigen SN‐Verbindungen zum bekannten CF 3 SO 2 N[Sn(CH 3 ) 3 ]S(CH 3 )NSO 2 CF 3 und Dimethylzinndichlorid. Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure Analysis of S 4 N 4 ‐Derivatives with Threefold and Fourfold Coordinated Sulfur Atoms CF 3 SO 2 NSCl 2 reacts with (CH 3 ) 2 S[NSi(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , (C 4 H 8 )S[NSi(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 or (C 5 H 10 S[NSi(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 under elimination of (CH 3 ) 3 SiCl to yield the eight‐membered S 4 N 4 derivatives S 4 N 4 −NSO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (CH 3 ) 4 , 3 , S 4 N 4 (NSO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (C 4 H 8 ) 2 4a und S 4 N 4 (NSO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (C 5 H 1 0 ) 2 4b . In the eight‐membered SN‐rings the sulfur atoms have the coordination number 3 and 4. The X‐ray structure analysis of 4a revealed a chair conformation. 4a crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna2 1 with a = 17.641(4), b = 6.406(2), c = 19.130(4) Å, d x = 1.815 g cm −3 , and Z = 4. The average SN distance was found to be 1.597 Å at fourfold coordinated sulfur atoms and 1.650 Å at sulfur with coordination number 3. CF 3 SO 2 N=SCl 2 reacts with trimethyl tin‐containing SN compounds to the known CF 3 SO 2 N[Sn(CH 3 ) 3 ]S(CH 3 )NSO 2 CF 3 and dimethyl tin dichloride.
CMOS based arrays of nanogap devices for molecular electronics (2005)

In this paper we present a novel nanogap device architecture for molecular electronics which is fully CMOS compatible and non-invasive to the contacted self-assembled monolayer. The device exhibits precise control over the electrode spacing. Single cells as well as arrays with electrode distances of 2.5 nm have been realized and characterized in terms of basic functionality and yield. Simulations have revealed scalability for feature sizes down to the ten nanometer regime.
Complex aspherical singlet and doublet microoptics by grayscale 3D printing (2023)

We demonstrate 3D printed aspherical singlet and doublet microoptical components by grayscale lithography and characterize and evaluate their excellent shape accuracy and optical performance. The typical two-photon polymerization (2PP) 3D printing process creates steps in the structure which is undesired for optical surfaces. We utilize two-photon grayscale lithography (2GL) to create step-free lenses. To showcase the 2GL process, the focusing ability of a spherical and aspherical singlet lens are compared. The surface deviations of the aspherical lens are minimized by an iterative design process and no distinct steps can be measured via confocal microscopy. We design, print, and optimize an air-spaced doublet lens with a diameter of 300 µm. After optimization, the residual shape deviation is less than 100 nm for the top lens and 20 nm for the bottom lens of the doublet. We examine the optical performance with an USAF 1951 resolution test chart to find a resolution of 645 lp/mm.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary and secondary myelofibrosis:a retrospective, multicenter study of the Kanto Study Group for Cell Therapy (KSGCT) (2012)

The optimal candidates and timing for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and secondary myelofibrosis (sMF) are unknown. We retrospectively examined the outcomes of PMF (n＝13) and sMF (n＝ 8) patients who underwent allo-SCT between 1997 and 2008. The median age at transplantation was 50 years (range, 21–60). Thirteen subjects (61.9%) received myeloablative conditioning. The source of hematopoietic cells was HLA-matched related (52.3%), -matched unrelated (33.3%), or -mismatched unrelated (9.5%) donors. All patients achieved engraftment, and the median time to neutrophil and platelet recovery was 19 (range, 13–36) and 75 (range, 15–411) days, respectively. With a median follow-up of 16.7 (range, 1–134) months, overall survival (OS) at 60 months was 55.6% (95% CI, 34.0–77.0%). No significant differences in OS were observed between PMF and sMF patients and between myeloablative and reduced-intensity conditioning. HLA-mismatched donors, lower platelet count (＜10×10 4 /l), and previous blastic transformation were associated with a significantly worse prognosis. These data suggest that allo-SCT with myeloablative or reduced-intensity conditioning is potentially effective for PMF and sMF patients aged ＜60 years. However, a platelet count of ＜10×10 4 /μl is a strong adverse factor. (Journal of Hematopoietic Cell Transplanta
A Survey in Presentation Attack and Presentation Attack Detection (2019)

Biometric-based recognition has been replacing conventional recognition methods in security systems. Modern electronic devices such as smartphones and online services have been employing biometric systems because of their security, acceptability, and usability. However, the wide deployment of Biometrics raises security concerns including attacks that aim to interfere with a system’s operation. This paper provides a review of potential threats which may affect biometric systems’ security, particularly, Presentation Attack (PA). A general taxonomy of presentation attacks is proposed to cover different biometric modalities considering the attacker’s intention and the presentation instrument. Moreover, Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) mechanisms that aim to eliminate or mitigate those attacks are also taxonomized. The taxonomy analyzes PAD mechanisms wherein the biometric trait pattern is considered to classify PAD methods. A state of the art study has been carried out to investigate PA and PAD for six biological and behavioral modalities.
Assessment of high-temperature self-assembling battery implementation based on the aluminum smelting process (2010)

Renewable power sources are a promising alternative
to the electrical generation by conventional sources of energy,
limiting the emissions to the atmosphere and reducing the
dependence on coal or oil. But some of these sources (wind or sun)
have one major drawback, which is their variability. Apart from
that, electricity production has to match the demand at any moment,
so the supply systems are built and operated to match the highest
demand. Decoupling production from consumption can report great
advantages and that is the main reason to develop cost-effective
technologies that allow electricity to be stored on a large scale.
The high-temperature self assembly battery (also known as Liquid
Metal Battery) is a promising technology. This battery works at
high-temperature so that all its components are in liquid form. The
absence of solid-liquid interfaces enables the achievement of high
currents, apart from high diffusivities and fastest kinetics. That
gives the battery the power of storing huge amounts of energy. In
order to evaluate the cost of these stationary storage systems, we
are trying to look at similar electrolytic industrial processes,
such as the Aluminum smelting processes. The Aluminum Hall-Heroult
reduction cell has a configuration similar to the battery so we
will base our estimation of the cost on this system. The capital
investment of an Aluminum Smelter will be analyzed in detail, and
based on this, an estimation for the cost of the Liquid Metal
Battery will be calculated.
The Cumbiasins, Structurally Novel Diterpenes Possessing Intricate Carbocyclic Skeletons from the West Indian Sea Whip Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae (Bayer)1 (2000)

From the hexane extract of the West Indian gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, two diterpenes, cumbiasins A (1) and B (2), having a novel tetracyclic carbon skeleton named cumbiane, have been isolated. In addition, we have isolated cumbiasin C (3), a ring cleavage product of cumbiasin B that possesses an unusual carbocyclic framework named seco-cumbiane. The structures and relative configurations of metabolites 1-3 were elucidated by interpretation of overall spectral data, which included 2D NMR correlation methods, IR, UV, and accurate mass measurements (HREI-MS and HRFAB-MS). The carbocyclic skeletons of the cumbiasins are unprecedented and represent new classes of C20 rearranged diterpenes. Cumbiasins A and B display mild in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity.
Germination inhibition in stigma extracts of tobacco and identification of MeABA, ABA, and ABA-.BETA.-D-glucopyranoside. (1986)

Extracts of various flower tissues of tobacco with 70% methanol inhibited tobacco seed germination differently. Among them, extracts of stigma and anther were very inhibitory. When the extracts were partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the activity of the ethyl acetate layer was stronger than that of the water layer. Stigmas and anthers had more abscisic acid (ABA) than the other floral tissues, which matched the results of the germination tests well. Guided by a bioassay using the inhibitory effects on tobacco seed germination, MeABA, ABA, and ABA-β-Dglucopyranoside were isolated and identified from stigmas. All of the MeABA isolated did not seem to be an artefact produced by esterification with the solvent, for MeABA was detected even when stigmas were extracted with other solvents than methanol. MeABA and ABA did not inhibit tobacco pollen germination and elongation in vitro.