gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Narrow-band resonant optical reflectors and resonant optical transformers for laser stabilization and wavelength division multiplexing (1987)

We propose a new way of making highly resonant integrated optical circuits based on weak side-by-side coupling between waveguides and high <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> distributed Bragg resonators. This method can be used to design a resonant optical reflector which, when used as a feedback element to a laser, will result in a compact structure that has both extremely narrow line width and very low chirp. By coupling the resonator to two waveguides, one on either side, an optical analog of the resonant transformer can be made. This device can be used for wavelength division multiplexing. Such multiplexer elements will both resonantly transform optical power from the laser to a common output channel and also provide feedback which locks the laser to the channel wavelength.
Figure S7 from Scaffolding Protein Connector Enhancer of Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (CNKSR1) Regulates MAPK Inhibition Responsiveness in Pancreas Cancer via Crosstalk with AKT Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Schematic layout of the selumetinib versus 26 compounds targeting effector signaling of CNKSR1 screen; and Dose response of MK-2206 and rapamycin in the pancreas cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
A proposal of a bulk acoustic wave filter using piezoelectrically coupled resonators (1994)

This paper proposes a new configuration of a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter. In contrast with a conventional monolithic crystal filter, the resonators in the proposed filter are not mechanically coupled but they are electrically coupled through an additional piezoelectric layer. Equivalent circuit analysis and simulation results are described. An experimental result to verify the principle is shown. Because the proposed filter configuration is suitable for the silicon diaphragm structure with ZnO piezoelectric thin films, the filter can adopted for UHF band filters
Caffeine Induces TP53-Independent G1-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Tumor Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner (2002)

Caffeine is a model radiosensitizing agent that is thought to work by abrogating the radiation-induced G(2)-phase checkpoint. In this study, we examined the effect that various concentrations of caffeine had on cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in cells of a human lung carcinoma cell line and found that a concentration of 0.5 mM caffeine could abrogate the G(2)-phase arrest normally seen after exposure to ionizing radiation. Surprisingly, at a concentration of 5 mM, caffeine not only induced apoptosis by itself and acted synergistically to enhance radiation-induced apoptosis, but also induced a TP53-independent G(1)-phase arrest. Examination of the molecular mechanisms by which caffeine produced these effects revealed that caffeine had opposing effects on different cyclin-dependent kinases. CDK2 activity was suppressed by caffeine, whereas activity of CDC2 was enhanced by suppressing phosphorylation on Tyr15 and by interfering with 14-3-3 binding to CDC25C. These data indicate that the effect of caffeine on cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis is dependent on dose and that caffeine acts through differential regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase activity.
A model of quiescent tumour microregions for evaluating multicellular resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs (2005)

The quiescent cell population of tumours poses a barrier to the success of many cancer therapies. Most chemotherapeutic drugs target proliferating cells, but the growth fraction of many tumours is low. Based on the multicellular tumour spheroid model, a system was developed using human colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells to mimic the microenvironment of quiescent microregions of solid tumours. The quiescent tumour spheroids (TS(Q)) showed decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and increased expression of the quiescence marker p27(kip1) compared to proliferating spheroids (TS(P)). The quiescent status of the TS(Q) was confirmed by long-term growth assessment. The quiescence was completely reversible demonstrating that the TS(Q) retained the ability to proliferate and morphological assessment by light microscopy confirmed the absence of significant apoptosis. When the efficacy of widely used chemotherapeutic drugs was determined, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) all produced significant cell death in the TS(P). However, while still effective, the potencies of doxorubicin and cisplatin were significantly reduced in TS(Q). In contrast, 5-FU and vinblastine did not produce cell death in the TS(Q). In summary, TS(Q) show considerable resistance to a panel of established chemotherapeutic agents and represent a useful model for evaluating the efficacy of drugs and other cancer therapies in quiescent tumours.
Extraocular connective tissue architecture (2003)

Extraocular muscle pulleys, now well known to be kinematically significant extraocular structures, have been noted in passing and described in fragments several times over the past two centuries. They were late to be fully appreciated because biomechanical modeling of the orbit was not available to derive their kinematic consequences, and because pulleys are distributed condensations of collagen, elastin and smooth muscle (SM) that are not sharply delineated. Might other mechanically significant distributed extraocular structures still be awaiting description?An imaging approach is useful for describing distributed structures, but does not seem suitable for assessing mechanical properties. However, an image that distinguished types and densities of constituent tissues could give strong hints about mechanical properties. Thus, we have developed methods for producing three dimensional (3D) images of extraocular tissues based on thin histochemically processed slices, which distinguish collagen, elastin, striated muscle and SM. Overall tissue distortions caused by embedding for sectioning, and individual-slice distortions caused by thin sectioning and subsequent histologic processing were corrected by ordered image warping with intrinsic fiducials. We describe an extraocular structure, partly included in Lockwood's ligament, which contains dense elastin and SM bands, and which might refine horizontal eye alignment as a function of vertical gaze, and torsion in down-gaze. This active structure might therefore be a factor in strabismus and a target of therapeutic intervention.
A replicated object server for a distributed object-oriented system (2003)

The design and implementation of a replicated object server called Goofy, which is intended to provide a fault-tolerant storage system for distributed object-oriented applications, are described. Goofy supplies the object storage of the GUIDE (Grenoble Universities Integrated Distributed Environment) distributed object-oriented system with integrity, reliability and availability, while preserving object consistency despite network partition failures. Some preliminary experiments are described. Goofy is compared with related work on replicated servers, and the lessons drawn from this work and some conclusions on fault tolerance in GUIDE are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cryo-EM in drug discovery (2019)

The impact of structural biology on drug discovery is well documented, and the workhorse technique for the past 30 years or so has been X-ray crystallography. With the advent of several technological improvements, including direct electron detectors, automation, better microscope vacuums and lenses, phase plates and improvements in computing power enabled by GPUs, it is now possible to record and analyse images of protein structures containing high-resolution information. This review, from a pharmaceutical perspective, highlights some of the most relevant and interesting protein structures for the pharmaceutical industry and shows examples of how ligand-binding sites, membrane proteins, both big and small, pseudo symmetry and complexes are being addressed by this technique.
N-Formylation of Amines by Methanol Activation (2013)

The homogeneous catalyzed dehydrogenation of methanol in a synthetically valuable cross-coupling reaction was achieved. By the use of a simple ruthenium-N-heterocyclic carbene complex, MeOH and primary or secondary amines can be converted into formamides.
Innate immunity – a clinical perspective (2019)

Content List ‐ 15th Key symposium ‐ “Innate immunity”.
Development and assessment of simplified analytical method for current distribution among REBa2Cu3O y parallel conductors in armature windings for fully superconducting rotating machines (2023)

Abstract Fully superconducting rotating machines employing REBa 2 Cu 3 O y (REBCO, RE = rare earth elements or Y) superconducting armature and field coils, are particularly interesting for aircraft applications, owing to their high output power density (kW kg −1 ). To achieve high current capability in superconducting coils, we have proposed a cabling design for transposed multi-strand parallel conductors. In the parallel conductor design, the REBCO strands are insulated from each other, except for both terminal ends, and transposed during the winding process to achieve uniform current distribution by cancellation of interlinkage magnetic flux between the strands. In this study, a simplified analytical method considering inductances was developed based on Laplace’s equation in cylindrical coordinates to roughly calculate the current distributions of multi-strands under armature coil conditions. The validity of the analytical method was investigated through current distribution measurements of the sample coils wound with two-strand parallel conductors. Consequently, the analytical method was validated with approximately 10% deviation under the experimental coil conditions. To establish a more accurate analysis method, certain improvements are needed.
Improving Packet Flow Counting With Fingerprint Counting (2019)

In many applications, there is a need to estimate the frequency of elements. For example, in networking to know the number of packets of each flow. This poses a challenge as the number of flows and packets per second can be very large and therefore an exact count would require a large amount of fast memory. In those cases, an alternative is to use data structures, commonly referred to as sketches, that provide an estimate of the frequency of elements using a much smaller amount of memory. For example, the Count Min Sketch (CMS) hashes each element to a few counters and returns as estimate the minimum value among them. The CMS in general overestimates the frequency of an element as other elements may also map to the same counters and increment them. In this letter, fingerprint counting, a scheme to reduce the counter overestimation is presented and evaluated. The main idea is to add a fingerprint to the counters and use it to check if consecutive increments to a counter belong to the same element. When they do not, the counters can be incremented by half a packet instead of a full packet thus reducing the overestimation. The evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is able to reduce the overestimation and improve the CMS accuracy. In more detail, the overestimation is reduced by more than 20% in many of the configurations tested reaching values over 50% in some cases. A scheme to encode the fingerprints in the counters that practically eliminates the additional memory required for the fingerprints is also presented. Therefore, the improvement in the accuracy is achieved with a negligible impact on the size of the memory needed to implement the CMS.
Faster quantum chemistry simulation on fault-tolerant quantum computers (2012)

Quantum computers can in principle simulate quantum physics exponentially faster than their classical counterparts, but some technical hurdles remain. We propose methods which substantially improve the performance of a particular form of simulation, ab initio quantum chemistry, on fault-tolerant quantum computers; these methods generalize readily to other quantum simulation problems. Quantum teleportation plays a key role in these improvements and is used extensively as a computing resource. To improve execution time, we examine techniques for constructing arbitrary gates which perform substantially faster than circuits based on the conventional Solovay–Kitaev algorithm (Dawson and Nielsen 2006 Quantum Inform. Comput. 6 81). For a given approximation error \\(\\epsilon\\) , arbitrary single-qubit gates can be produced fault-tolerantly and using a restricted set of gates in time which is O(log \\(\\epsilon\\) ) or O(log log \\(\\epsilon\\) ); with sufficient parallel preparation of ancillas, constant average depth is possible using a method we call programmable ancilla rotations. Moreover, we construct and analyze efficient implementations of first- and second-quantized simulation algorithms using the fault-tolerant arbitrary gates and other techniques, such as implementing various subroutines in constant time. A specific example we analyze is the ground-state energy calculation for lithium hydride.
Le phénomène de la satire dans le Liaozhaizhiyi de Pu Songling (1986)

Dans le corps de la these, nous avons essaye de cerne le phenomene de la satire dans le liaozhai en empruntant des approches differentes. L'etude des motivations de l'auteur, debouchant sur une mise au moint biographique, nous a permis de degager une identification des sources avec les objets de la satire. L'etude comparee de certains contes avec ceux d'autres auteurs a degage l'originalite de pu songling. Elle a permis d'aborder l'etude des procedes auxquels notre auteur a recours pour deployer son ironie. Enfin une mise en parallele des contes avec les autres ecrits de pu songling, romanesque ou non, a permis de conforter nos observations.
Novel linear antagonists of the antidiuretic (V2) and vasopressor (V1) responses to vasopressin (1988)

We report the solid phase synthesis of a series of 16 linear analogues of the cyclic antagonist of the antidiuretic (V2) and the vasopressor (V1) responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP), d(CH2)5[D-Tyr(Et)2, Val4]AVP(A). Peptide 1, the linear precursor of (A), (CH2)5(SH)-CH2-CO-D-Tyr(Et)-Phe-Val-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 was modified at position six with alpha-L-aminobutyric acid (Abu) to give peptide 2. Further modifications of the Abu6 analogue (No. 2) at position one by substituting cyclohexylacetic acid (Caa), cyclohexylpropionic acid (Cpa), 1-adamantaneacetic acid (Aaa), phenylacetic acid (Phaa), tert.-butylacetic acid (t-Baa), isovaleric acid (Iva), propionic acid (Pa), L-penicillamine (P), tert.-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) or omitting any substituent at this position, and/or in combination with Arg-NH2(9), Ala-NH2(9), D-Arg8-Arg-NH2(9), and desGly9 modifications yielded the remaining 14 peptides. All 16 peptides were examined for agonistic and antagonistic potencies in AVP V2 and V1 assays in rats. Apart from the Cpa analogue and the analogue lacking any substituent in the 1-position, all exhibit substantial V2 and V1 antagonism. A number are as potent as (A) as V2 antagonists. With an anti-V2 pA2 = 8.11 +/- 0.07, Aaa-D-Tyr(Et)-Phe-Val-Asn-Abu-Pro-Arg-Arg-NH2 (No. 6) is as potent as any cyclic AVP V2 antagonist reported to date. The PaI analogue of No. 6 exhibits promising anti-V2/anti-V1 selectivity. These findings prove conclusively that a ring structure is not a requirement for recognition of or for binding to AVP V2 or V1 receptors. This discovery thus offers a promising new approach to the design of peptide and non-peptide antagonists of AVP and perhaps also to other cyclic peptides such as somatostatin, atrial-natriuretic factor, insulin, and the recently discovered endothelin. Some of these linear antagonists may be of value as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents.
78. Regulation of Immune Responses Against Factor VIII Following Nonviral Gene Transfer in Hemophilia A and FOXP3 Transgenic Mouse Models (2006)

The success of naked DNA gene transfer as a novel approach to the treatment of hemophilia A has been limited by the formation of inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII (FVIII). Approximately 25–30% of hemophilia A patients produce inhibitory antibodies in response to FVIII protein replacement therapy. Potential gene therapy techniques used to treat hemophilia A have also resulted in a significant humoral immune response in murine models (Ye et al., 2004). The critical role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune responses has recently been recognized. We hypothesize that regulatory T cells could modulate the formation of inhibitory antibodies against FVIII. The development of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells is controlled by a transcriptionfactor encoded by FOXP3. Increased FOXP3 expression directly correlates with the suppressive activity of Treg cells. An adoptive transfer of antigen-specific FOXP3 Treg cells could potentially suppress the FVIII-specific immune response in hemophilia A patients. In order to evaluate whether FOXP3 expressing Treg cells can modulate the antigen-specific immune response in the Hemophilia A (HemA) mouse model, we have developed transgenic mice of a HemA phenotype with overexpressed FOXP3 (HemA/FOXP3-Tg). The mice were created by crossbreeding HemA mice and transgenic FOXP3 (FOXP3-Tg) mice to produce constitutively high levels of human FOXP3 in addition to their endogenous murine Foxp3 encoded protein. Four different groups of genetically altered C57BL/6 mouse strains including HemA, FOXP3-Tg, HemA/ FOXP3-Tg, and wild-type control, were injected intravenously with a 100 μg dose of FVIII plasmid (pBS-HCRHPI-FVIIIA) using a hydrodynamics-based gene delivery method. Clotting time of treated mouse plasma was significantly shortened one-day post treatment in all cohorts, as evaluated by a modified APTT assay, indicating similar responses to the plasmid treatment. Approximately two weeks following infusion, HemA mice developed a high-titer FVIII inhibitory antibodies and a concomitant increase in APTT clotting time. Plasmid-injected wild-type mice responded with a considerably lower titer of inhibitory antibodies, likely due to the presence of tolerizing endogenous murine FVIII. In contrast, both groups of FOXP3-Tg mice and HemA/ FOXP3-Tg mice failed to develop FVIII specific inhibitory antibodies, and retained a shorter APTT clotting time. These results strongly suggest that Treg cells induced by FOXP3 gene expression can regulate the formation of inhibitory antibodies against human FVIII. We are currently assessing the potential of adoptively transferred antigen-specific Treg cells to modulate this inhibitory immune response to gene transfer in HemA mice. If transferred Treg cells from FVIII exposed HemA/FOXP3- Tg mice are as successful in controlling immune responses in recipients, then FOXP3 expressing FVIII-specific Treg cells could provide an effective therapeutic approach of regulating FVIII-specific inhibitory antibodies.
Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaete isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney (2008)

A novel thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium, strain RASEN(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney sample collected in the Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough, Japan, at a water depth of 982 m. The cells were motile, Gram-negative and helical with hooked ends, 0.23-0.28x15-27 microm in size with an approximate wavelength of 1.1-1.5 microm. Growth of the strain was observed at 37-60 degrees C (optimum 50 degrees C), in 2.5-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5-3 % NaCl) and at pH 6.0-7.5 (optimum pH 7.0). The strain grew on yeast extract only of the substrates examined in this study. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 27.1 mol%. Major fatty acids for the strain were C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)(Delta9) trans, C(18 : 0) and C(18 : 1)(Delta9) cis. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RASEN(T) formed a deeply branching lineage within the phylum Spirochaetes and had only low levels of sequence similarity with other species of the phylum (range of similarity 72.1-80.6 %). Hence, we propose the name Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Exilispira thermophila is strain RASEN(T) (=JCM 14728(T) =NBRC 103205(T) =KCTC 5595(T)).
Nueva doctrina jurisprudencial sobre la afectación general como requisito de acceso al recurso de suplicación: comentario a la STS 4ª de 3 de octubre de 2003 (2004)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects of the spine (spina bifida) and brain (anencephaly), affecting approximately 3,000 pregnancies each year in the United States. Daily periconceptional consumption of 400 mug of folic acid, as recommended by the Public Health Service (PHS) since 1992, reduces the occurrence of NTDs by 50%-70%. The Food and Drug Administration ordered mandatory fortification with folic acid of U.S. cereal grain products, beginning in 1998. However, despite a 26% reduction in NTDs, not all women of childbearing age receive adequate levels of folic acid from their diets. Therefore, increasing the number of women who take dietary supplements containing 400 mug of folic acid daily remains an important component of NTD prevention. This report summarizes results from the 2005 March of Dimes Gallup survey, which determined a decrease in the proportion of childbearing-aged women who reported taking folic acid in dietary supplements daily, from 40% in 2004 to 33% in 2005, returning to a level consistent with that reported during 1995-2003. These results emphasize the need for innovative programs to increase folic acid consumption to further reduce NTDs.
Array antenna pattern modeling methods that include mutual coupling effects (1993)

Results from an investigation into methods of modeling the radiation patterns of phased arrays that include the effects of radiative mutual coupling are presented. The approaches are based on either the principle of pattern multiplication or the use of active element patterns. Theoretical derivations of the various active element pattern methods are presented. A new method, the hybrid active element pattern method, is introduced. It accurately predicts the patterns of small and medium-size arrays of equally spaced elements. Example arrays of center-fed dipoles are analyzed to verify and illustrate the representations. The results are general and can be applied to arrays of any type of element. The array patterns computed using both the classical pattern multiplication approach and the methods based on active element patterns are compared to those computed using accurate numerical codes based on the method of moments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enzymatically Incorporated Genomic Tags for Optical Mapping of DNA‐Binding Proteins (2012)

All smiles: Sequence-specific methyltransferase-induced labeling of DNA (SMILing DNA) creates a fluorescence pattern of the T7 bacteriophage genome (see picture). The pattern is visualized as a linear optical barcode showing the genomic location of individual RNA polymerases bound to the DNA. The precision of the measurement presents new opportunities for contextual genomic research on the single-molecule level. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.