gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid-state acoustically-nonlinear nanoplasmonic source of optical\n frequency combs (2016)

Nonlinear acoustic interactions in liquids are effectively stronger than\nnonlinear optical interactions in solids. Thus, harnessing these interactions\nwill offer new possibilities in the design of ultra-compact nonlinear photonic\ndevices. We theoretically demonstrate a hybrid, liquid-state and nanoplasmonic,\nsource of optical frequency combs compatible with fibre-optic technology. This\nsource relies on a nanoantenna to harness the strength of nonlinear acoustic\neffects and synthesise optical spectra from ultrasound.\n
Synthesis-Structure-Activity Relationships in Co3O4 Catalyzed CO Oxidation (2018)

In this work, a statistical design and analysis platform was used to develop cobalt oxide based oxidation catalysts prepared via one pot metal salt reduction. An emphasis was placed upon understanding the effects of synthesis conditions, such as heating regimen and Co<sup>2+</sup> concentration on the metal salt reduction mechanism, the resultant nanomaterial properties (i.e., size, crystal structure, and crystal faceting), and the catalytic activity in CO oxidation. This was accomplished by carrying out XRD, TEM, and FTIR studies on synthesis intermediates and products. Additionally, high-throughput experimentation was employed to study the performance of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> oxidation catalysts over a wide range of reaction conditions using a 16-channel fixed bed reactor equipped with a parallel infrared imaging system. Specifically, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanomaterials of varying properties were evaluated for their performance as CO oxidation catalysts. Figure-of-merits including light-off temperatures and activation energies were measured and mapped back to the catalyst properties and synthesis conditions. Statistical analysis methods were used to elucidate significant property-activity relationships as well as the design rules relevant in the synthesis of active catalysts. It was found that the degree of grain boundary consolidation and anisotropic growth in fcc and hcp CoO intermediates significantly influenced the catalytic activity. By utilizing the discovered synthesis-structure-activity relationships, CO oxidation light off temperatures were decreased to <90°C.
Preparation of t-Morpholinones and Their Biological Activities (1974)

In connection with elucidating the role of L-leucine as a neuroactLive substance, the authors prepared 2-morpholinones by a ring closure from carboxyl group and amino group of L-leucine with alkylene oxide. These compounds were tested as to the pestitidal activity.
A Study of a Fast Light-Off Planar Oxygen Sensor Application for Exhaust Emissions Reduction (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is well known that hydrocarbon reduction during a cold start is a major issue in achieving ultra low emissions standards. This paper describes one of the possible approaches for reducing the cold-start hydrocarbon emissions by using a fast “light-off” planar oxygen sensor. The goal of this study was to verify the operation characteristics of Delphi's fast “light-off” planar oxygen sensor's (INTELLEK OSP) operating characteristics and the closed-loop performance for achieving improved hydrocarbon control for stringent emission standards. Tests were conducted in open-loop and closed-loop mode under steady and transient conditions using a 1996 model year 2.4-liter DOHC in-line 4-cylinder engine with a close-coupled catalytic converter. Overall performance of the OSP showed relatively quick reaction time to reach the operating temperature. During the first 30 second cold-start period of the FTP 75 cycle, the closed-loop control and A/F ratio were adjusted as lean as possible up to the stoichiometric A/F ratio without impacting drive-ability. Engine out hydrocarbon emissions, for the first cold cycle, were reduced by 8.1% using the OSP and a shorter open-loop time. The operating characteristics of the OSP during a cold-start made it possible to achieve closed-loop control in less than ten seconds. Early closed-loop control can contribute directly to reducing hydrocarbon emissions.&lt;/div&gt;
Fast Very Robust Methods for the Detection of Multiple Outliers (1994)

Abstract A few repeats of a simple forward search from a random starting point are shown to provide sufficiently robust parameter estimates to reveal masked multiple outliers. The stability of the patterns obtained is exhibited by the stalactite plot. The robust estimators used are least median of squares for regression and the minimum volume ellipsoid for multivariate outliers. The forward search also has potential as an algorithm for calculation of these parameter estimates. For large problems, parallel computing provides appreciable reduction in computational time.
A review of “Near-Field Optics” Edited by M. A. Paesler and P. J. Moyer To obtain contact: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 605 Third Avenue New York, NY 10158-0012 (1998)

Abstract
Diabetes therapies in hemodialysis patients: Dipeptidase-4 inhibitors (2015)

Although several previous studies have been published on the effects of dipeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients, the findings have yet to be reviewed comprehensively. Eyesight failure caused by diabetic retinopathy and aging-related dementia make multiple daily insulin injections difficult for HD patients. Therefore, we reviewed the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors with a focus on oral antidiabetic drugs as a new treatment strategy in HD patients with diabetes. The following 7 DPP-4 inhibitors are available worldwide: sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, linagliptin, teneligliptin, anagliptin, and saxagliptin. All of these are administered once daily with dose adjustments in HD patients. Four types of oral antidiabetic drugs can be administered for combination oral therapy with DPP-4 inhibitors, including sulfonylureas, meglitinide, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Nine studies examined the antidiabetic effects in HD patients. Treatments decreased hemoglobin A1c and glycated albumin levels by 0.3% to 1.3% and 1.7% to 4.9%, respectively. The efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitor treatment is high among HD patients, and no patients exhibited significant severe adverse effects such as hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction. DPP-4 inhibitors are key drugs in new treatment strategies for HD patients with diabetes and with limited choices for diabetes treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Entry to C‐Alkyl and C‐Aryl Pyranoid Glycals: Reaction of Anomeric Glycosyl Chlorides with Organolithiums. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-latency dynamic adaptive video streaming (2014)

Accurate, dynamic rate selection is considered a hard problem in stream switching video applications over Internet Protocol. Not only the feedback delay but also the unawareness about the dynamics of the underlying HTTP/TCP transport layer require streaming applications to implement huge receiver buffers in the order of tens of seconds so as to maintain continuous video rendering with acceptable quality and bandwidth utilization. In order to achieve low-latency adaptive video streaming with a buffering delay as low as the chunk size, we present a streaming architecture under the implementation of media transport with predictably reliable transport and delay-based congestion control. A key component of our solution is a server-side simulation of the streaming client's buffer, which provides low-delay feedback for the video rate selection. The receiver buffer is being controlled via an open-loop synchronization mechanism relying on a reference clock that is transmitted within the media packets. We demonstrate the performance of our approach by evaluating the stability of the receiver buffer under low-latency and highdefinition adaptive video streaming with variable bit rate encoding over an emulated wide area network link.
ChemInform Abstract: ENZYMATISCHE BLDG. CHIRALER STRUKTUREN IN DER RACEMISCHEN FORM (1970)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von cis‐Propenylphosphonsäure (I) mit Wasserstoffperoxid/KCl in Gegenwart von Chlorperoxydase/K‐phosphat‐Puffer entsteht nach Methylierung mit Diazomethan/Methanol der DL‐threo‐Chlorhydroxypropyl‐phosphonsäureester (II).
Effect of Cycle Frequency on High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Alumina-Forming Coatings Used for Industrial Gas Turbine Blades (2004)

International audience
The ontogeny of cardiorespiratory support of metabolism (2019)

The formation of the cardiovascular system and its role in gas exchange has long been speculated to occur concomitantly. Although this premise has been suggested and quoted for more than a century, there are few studies to date which have attempted to validate these claims. Furthermore, the few which do exist have been primarily concerned with two things: first, how environment may affect the functional morphology; and second, how these changes may affect hemodynamics directly. As a result, our understanding of how gas exchange is coupled with to cardiovascular function is seriously lacking; The goal of this dissertation was to understand how, or if, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems coordinate function during development. Populations of amphibians were reared in various environments which included carbon monoxide (CO). This allowed for direct assessment of the efficacy of Hb in bulk O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} transport. The results indicated that CO, and the subsequent elimination of Hb function, had few ill effects on either aerobic or anaerobic metabolism. Further, the data indicated that cardiovascular function was mildly elevated. A separate study, set out to determine what factors limit overall O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} transport in developing embryos by limiting the available quantities of gas and eliminating Hb function. The results indicated that aerobic metabolism was unaffected in all populations. Cardiovascular function was mildly elevated, but only in populations of animals exposed to CO. Finally, gas exchange was modeled in developing embryos to determine the role of diffusion and plasma transport in overall O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} uptake. Calculations of maximal O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} flux indicate that diffusion would allow for enough gas to be exchanged to support aerobic metabolism in early life. Moreover, the role of plasma transport was considered in addition to diffusion, it be came clear that their combined transport would be adequate to support metabolism for animals in late life; A separate study evaluated how body composition changes with progressive development. From this it was determined that amphibians are unlike their fish counterparts in composition. When the total energy pool available for growth and development was calculated and compared with aerobic metabolism, it was shown that energy was not a limiting resource during development; Collectively these data indicated that Hb was not essential of O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} uptake and that the cardiovascular system as a whole may play a reduced role in total O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} turnover. Furthermore, the data indicates that neither diffusion nor perfusion limits total gas exchange. In addition, the model indicate that diffusion may be a viable mean to obtain O{dollar}\sb2{dollar} early in development, and that late in development convection of plasma coupled with diffusion could support metabolism. Finally, the body composition work indicate that resource limitations were not set by available substrate.
Determination of Elemental Constituents in Different Matrix Materials and Flow Injection Studies by the Electrolyte Cathode Glow Discharge Technique with a New Design (2009)

An open-to-air type electrolyte cathode discharge (ELCAD) has been developed with a new design. The present configuration leads to a stable plasma even at low flow rates (0.96 mL/min). Plasma fluctuations arising from the variations in the gap between solid anode and liquid cathode were eliminated by providing a V-groove to the liquid glass-capillary. Cathode (ground) connection is given to the solution at the V-groove itself. Interfaced to atomic emission spectrometry (AES), its analytical performance is evaluated. The optimized molarity of the solution is 0.2 M. The analytical response curves for Ca, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Fe, and Zn demonstrated good linearity. The limit of detections of Ca, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Fe, and Zn are determined to be 17, 11, 5, 45, 15, 28, and 3 ng mL(-1). At an integration time of 0.3 s, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the acid blank solutions are found to be less than 10% for the elements Ca, Cu, Cd, Hg, Fe, and Zn and 18% for Pb. The method is applied for the determination of the elemental constituents in different matrix materials such as tuna fish (IAEA-350), oyster tissue (NIST SRM 1566a), and coal fly ash (CFA SRM 1633b). The obtained results are in good agreement with the certified values. The accuracy is found to be between 7% and 0.6% for major to trace levels of constituent elements and the precision between 11% and 0.6%. For the injection of 100 microL of 200 ng mL(-1) mercury solution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, the flow injection studies resulted in the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8%, concentration detection limit of 10 ng/mL, and mass detection limit of 1 ng for mercury.
Mapping sites of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D that permit insertions and impact gD and gB receptors usage (2017)

Glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of four glycoproteins essential for HSV entry and cell fusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasticity of gD to tolerate insertion or deletion mutations and to construct an oncolytic HSV-1 that utilizes the disialoganglioside GD2 as a HSV-1 entry receptor. We found that the N-terminus of gD tolerates long insertions, whereas residues adjacent to the gD Ig-like V-type core tolerated shorter insertions (up to 15 amino acids), but not greater than 60 amino acids. Recombinant HSV-1 containing the ch14.18 single chain variable fragment (scFv) at the N-terminus of gD failed to mediate entry, even though the ch14.18 scFv-gD chimera Fc bound to neuroblastoma cells expressing GD2. Finally, we found that hyperfusogenic gB mutants enhanced fusion to a greater degree with the gB receptor the paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα) than with gD receptors HVEM and nectin-1. Hyperfusogenic gB could restore the fusion function with PILRα when a gD constructed contained only the "profusion domain" (PFD), suggesting the hyperfusogenic form of gB may regulate fusion of PILRα via a novel mechanism through gH/gL and the gD PFD.
Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of Wild Musa Species (2015)

The production of bananas is threatened by rapid spreading of various diseases and adverse environmental conditions. The preservation and characterization of banana diversity is essential for the purposes of crop improvement. The world's largest banana germplasm collection maintained at the Bioversity International Transit Centre (ITC) in Belgium is continuously expanded by new accessions of edible cultivars and wild species. Detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the accessions is necessary for efficient management of the collection and utilization of banana diversity. In this work, nuclear DNA content and genomic distribution of 45S and 5S rDNA were examined in 21 diploid accessions recently added to ITC collection, representing both sections of the genus Musa. 2C DNA content in the section Musa ranged from 1.217 to 1.315 pg. Species belonging to section Callimusa had 2C DNA contents ranging from 1.390 to 1.772 pg. While the number of 45S rDNA loci was conserved in the section Musa, it was highly variable in Callimusa species. 5S rRNA gene clusters were found on two to eight chromosomes per diploid cell. The accessions were genotyped using a set of 19 microsatellite markers to establish their relationships with the remaining accessions held at ITC. Genetic diversity done by SSR genotyping platform was extended by phylogenetic analysis of ITS region. ITS sequence data supported the clustering obtained by SSR analysis for most of the accessions. High level of nucleotide diversity and presence of more than two types of ITS sequences in eight wild diploids pointed to their origin by hybridization of different genotypes. This study significantly expands the number of wild Musa species where nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of rDNA loci is known. SSR genotyping identified Musa species that are closely related to the previously characterized accessions and provided data to aid in their classification. Sequence analysis of ITS region provided further information about evolutionary relationships between individual accessions and suggested that some of analyzed accessions were interspecific hybrids and/or backcross progeny.
Autoimmune central nervous system paraneoplastic disorders: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic options (1995)

The presence of specific antineuronal antibodies in some patients with paraneoplastic central nervous system (CNS) disorders supports the theory that these syndromes have an autoimmune etiology. The anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (APCAs) in some patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and ovarian or breast carcinomas stain the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. APCAs react with several distinct neuronal protein autoantigens, including proteins featuring a "leucine zipper" sequence motif, which suggests that they function in regulating DNA transcription. Type 1 anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA-1) associated with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and small-cell lung carcinoma stain the nucleus and cytoplasm of all neurons, and react with a group of 35- to 40-kd proteins in neuronal immunoblots. The protein targets of ANNA-1 belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins that probably regulate posttranscriptional processing of RNA. Type 2 anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA-2) associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia and breast carcinoma also produce a panneuronal immunocytochemical staining pattern, but react with a group of higher-molecular-mass proteins (53-61 kd and 79-84 kd); these autoantigens probably also function as RNA-binding proteins. Several patients with paraneoplastic stiff-man syndrome have antibodies against a 128-kd synaptic protein. These antineuronal antibodies are highly specific (but not infallible) diagnostic markers for the presence of a neoplasm in patients who present with neurological dysfunction. The actual role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage and clinical disease remains to be determined. Current management options for patients with CNS neurological paraneoplastic syndromes are very limited. Only a small minority of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or encephalomyelitis show significant neurological improvement after successful tumor treatment and/or immunosuppressive treatments, while patients with paraneoplastic opsoclonus or stiff-man syndrome have a somewhat better outlook.
Exploring Inhibitor Binding at the S′ Subsites of Cathepsin L (2008)

We report a series of noncovalent, reversible inhibitors of cathepsin L that have been designed to explore additional binding interactions with the S' subsites. The design was based on our previously reported crystal structure that suggested the possibility of engineering increased interactions with the S' subsites ( Chowdhury et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 5321-5329 ). A representative of these new inhibitors has been co-crystallized with mature cathepsin L, and the structure has been solved and refined at 2.2 A. The inhibitors described in this work extend farther into the S' subsites of cathepsins than any inhibitors reported in the literature thus far. These interactions appear to make use of a S3' subsite that can potentially be exploited for enhanced specificity and/or affinity.
Differential gene expression with co‐engagement of FcεRI and CC chemokine receptor 1 (2008)

The classical pathway for mast cell degranulation is mediated through the high affinity IgE receptor FcεRI but the optimal mast cell degranulation in the conjunctiva also requires CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3). To examine the transcriptional changes underlying the rat basophilic leukemia mast cell line's response to costimulation of FceRI and CCL3 receptor CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), we screened more than 31,000 probe sets using Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 2.0. Genes whose expression changed only with activation of both receptors were designated as synergy‐related genes. Among the 212 synergy‐related genes, 93 genes are functionally annotated, fourteen genes are involved in signaling pathways, 112 genes are up‐regulated while 100 genes are down‐regulated. The expression changes of the most up‐regulated synergy‐related genes including Epithelial Membrane Protein 1 (Emp1), Regulator of G protein Signaling 1 (Rgs1), and RT1 class Ib, locus S3 (RT1‐S3) were validated at both mRNA and protein levels. Their function was also analyzed by siRNA inhibition followed by degranulation and chemotaxis assays. This project is funded by MCCID EU 504926 EST program, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
CT of the pulmonary nodule: a cooperative study. (1986)

To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in the investigation of pulmonary nodules, a special reference phantom that enabled CT densitometric measurements independent of variations between scanners and patients was used in ten institutions. A total of 384 nodules not considered calcified by conventional methods were examined; 118 (31%) proved to be benign, and in 65 of these (55%), unsuspected calcification was demonstrated. In 28 of the 65, definite calcification could be identified on thin-section CT scans by simple inspection of the scans at narrow windows. In the remaining 37, presence of calcification could not be clearly established without comparison with the reference CT number from the calibration phantom. CT was most effective in establishing the benignancy of nodules 3 cm or less in diameter and those with discrete or smooth margins. CT rarely yields a confident diagnosis of benign disease in larger nodules and in those with irregular or spiculated borders. After review of prior spot radiographs, low kilovolt peak spot radiographs, and conventional tomograms, the authors conclude that thin-section CT aided by a reference phantom in equivocal cases should be an integral part of the diagnostic approach to the pulmonary nodule.
Intracochlear insertion of electrodes using hyaluronic acid in cochlear implant surgery (2002)

Hyaluronic acid has been proposed as a lubricant for improving the outcome of cochlear implant surgery. We describe a method which includes coating the electrodes with a thin layer of hyaluronic acid as well as using a droplet of the lubricant on the cochleostomy to provide additional magnification, like a lens, that facilitates the insertion of the electrode array. The use of hyaluronic acid reduces trauma to the cochlea and avoids contaminating perilymph by blood or by saline used during the operation. It is an efficacious and reliable method for cochlear implant surgery.
Use of image treatment for the understanding of the influence of crystal defects in piezoelectric materials (1994)

The propagation of surface or bulk acoustic waves in piezoelectric materials has been studied using the time structure of synchrotron X-ray beam. A precise state of vibration may be frozen in a stroboscopic topograph. The analysis of such images may be difficult since crystal defects induce highly contrasted areas which mask interesting details. Numerical image treatment give very efficient solutions to extract this "hidden" information. Fourier filtering is one of the methods and has been applied to the topographs, to study the interaction of the defects with the acoustic waves.