gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Three-Phase Improved Power Quality AC–DC Converters (2004)

Three-phase AC-DC converters have been developed to a matured level with improved power quality in terms of power-factor correction, reduced total harmonic distortion at input AC mains, and regulated DC output in buck, boost, buck-boost, multilevel, and multipulse modes with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow. This paper presents an exhaustive review of three-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters (IPQCs) configurations, control strategies, selection of components, comparative factors, recent trends, their suitability, and selection for specific applications. It is aimed at presenting a state of the art on the IPQC technology to researchers, designers, and application engineers dealing with three-phase AC-DC converters. A classified list of around 450 research articles on IPQCs is also appended for a quick reference.
Data from Naproxen Induces Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Urinary Bladder Cancer Cell Lines and Chemically Induced Cancers by Targeting PI3K (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Naproxen [(&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)-6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid] is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 and is widely used as an over-the-counter medication. Naproxen exhibits analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Naproxen, as well as other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been reported to be effective in the prevention of urinary bladder cancer in rodents. However, potential targets other than the COX isozymes have not been reported. We examined potential additional targets in urinary bladder cancer cells and in rat bladder cancers. Computer kinase profiling results suggested that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is a potential target for naproxen&lt;i&gt;. In vitro&lt;/i&gt; kinase assay data revealed that naproxen interacts with PI3K and inhibits its kinase activity. Pull-down binding assay data confirmed that PI3K directly binds with naproxen &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Western blot data showed that naproxen decreased phosphorylation of Akt, and subsequently decreased Akt signaling in UM-UC-5 and UM-UC-14 urinary bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, naproxen suppressed anchorage-independent cell growth and decreased cell viability by targeting PI3K in both cell lines. Naproxen caused an accumulation of cells at the G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; phase mediated through cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, and p21. Moreover, naproxen induced significant apoptosis, accompanied with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP in both cell types. Naproxen-induced cell death was mainly because of apoptosis in which a prominent downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax were involved. Naproxen also caused apoptosis and inhibited Akt phosphorylation in rat urinary bladder cancers induced by &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-butyl-&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 7(2); 236–45. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Management of Fractures of the Supraorbital Rim (1978)

The frequency of supraorbital rim fractures is increasing as incidence of motorcycle and bicycle accidents increases. These fractures are frequently depressed, comminuted, and often extend into the frontal sinus. Open reduction and fixation are the treatment of choice. Adequate debridement and cleansing with preservation of periosteum and blood supply are recommended. Unstable fragments can be fixed to the frontal bone or stabilized by suturing the torn periosteum. Severely comminuted supraorbital frontal sinus fractures may require stabilization via frontal sinus pack or balloon. We feel the latter is preferable and both Foley and Fogarty catheters have been successfully used.
Formation of the Secondary Phase Domain by Multi-Cation Substitution for the Superior Electrochemical Performance of Spinel Cathodes for High-Voltage Li-Ion Batteries (2022)

Disorder-structured spinel oxides are opening frontiers for high-capacity/high-voltage cathodes to meet the challenges of independence on cobalt-containing cathodes toward cheap and sustainable energy storage sources in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). In the present work, a series of Co-free materials: LiMn2-x-y-zNixFeyAlzO4 (x = 0.8–0.5, y = 0.1–0.25, and z = 0.1–0.25) with spinel/rock salt disordered structures are reported. The refinement studies confirmed that the materials synthesized are of mixed phase, and the I311/I400 peaks ratio confirms that the synthesized materials are stable enough for electrochemical applications. This article addresses the influence of the secondary phase on the electrochemical activity and the reduction of the Mn3+ ratio to alleviate the Mn dissolution issue for bettered stability. The optimized LiMnNi0.7Fe0.1Al0.2O4 is appraised as a cathode material in the voltage range between 3.5 and 5 V (vs. Li+/Li) with an initial discharge capacity of 148.7 mA h g–1 at a rate of 1 C. This material showed very good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 79.5% after 1000 cycles. The cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the material can be a potential candidate for 5 V applications.
Oriental magic mirrors and the Laplacian image (2005)

The pattern embossed on the back of an oriental magic mirror appears in the patch of light projected onto a screen from its apparently featureless reflecting surface. In reality, the embossed pattern is reproduced in low relief on the front, and analysis shows that the projected image results from pre-focal ray deviation. In this interesting regime of geometrical optics, the image intensity is given simply by the Laplacian of the height function of the relief. For patterns consisting of steps, this predicts a characteristic effect, confirmed by observation: the image of each step exhibits a bright line on the low side and a dark line on the high side. Laplacian-image analysis of a magic-mirror image indicates that steps on the reflecting surface are about 400 nm high and laterally smoothed by about 0.5 mm.
Wearing quality of experimental currency-type papers (1946)

Fourteen groups of high-gra de papers, differing in fiber composition, were made in the Bureau's experimental paper mill. Papers within the groups differed in the beating treatment of the pulp, in the surface-sizing treatment, and in the use or omission of melamine resin. Of the several kinds of fibers studied, caroa mixed with cotton appears to approach most nearly the desirable characteristics associated with linen-content currency paper. The high-quality wood fibers available do not appear suitable for use in currency paper. Melamine resin in currencytype paper improves folding endurance, tensile and bursting strength, strength after crumpling, stretch, resistance to abrasion, and closure of the sheet. It greatly increases the strength of the paper when wet. However, it makes the dry paper somewhat easier to tear.
A Study of Fan-Distortion Interaction Within the NASA Rotor 67 Transonic Stage (2012)

The performance of a transonic fan operating within nonuniform inlet flow remains a key concern for the design and operability of a turbofan engine. This paper applies computational methods to improve the understanding of the interaction between a transonic fan and an inlet total pressure distortion. The test case studied is the NASA rotor 67 stage operating with a total pressure distortion covering a 120-deg sector of the inlet flow field. Full-annulus, unsteady, three-dimensional CFD has been used to simulate the test rig installation and the full fan assembly operating with inlet distortion. Novel post-processing methods have been applied to extract the fan performance and features of the interaction between the fan and the nonuniform inflow. The results of the unsteady computations agree well with the measurement data. The local operating condition of the fan at different positions around the annulus has been tracked and analyzed, and this is shown to be highly dependent on the swirl and mass flow redistribution that the rotor induces ahead of it due to the incoming distortion. The upstream flow effects lead to a variation in work input that determines the distortion pattern seen downstream of the fan stage. In addition, the unsteady computations also reveal more complex flow features downstream of the fan stage, which arise due to the three dimensionality of the flow and unsteadiness.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW EXAMPLE OF THE PROTECTED TRIESTER NUCLEOTIDE AS A KEY INTERMEDIATE FOR SYNTHESIS OF OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDES (1975)

Abstract Der ,Phosphorsäuretriester (III) wird aus dem Pyridiniumsalz von 5′‐O‐Monomethoxytrityl(MeOTr)‐2′‐O‐acetyl(Ac)‐urid ylyl(U)‐3 ′‐phosphat (I) mit 2‐Cyanäthanol (H0‐ CNEt) in Gegenwart von 2,4,6‐Triisopropylbenzolsulfonylchlorid (T PS) und durch nachfolgende Behandlung des resultierenden Phgsphats (II) in situ mit 2,2,2‐Trichloräthanol (HO‐C13Et) erhalten.
High-Throughput T-Cell Epitope Discovery Through MHC Peptide Exchange (2009)

Recombinant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules complexed with pathogen-specific or other disease-associated antigens have become essential reagents for the analysis of adaptive T-cell responses. However, conventional techniques for the production of recombinant peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes are highly involved and thereby limit the use of pMHC complexes in terms of antigen diversity. To make pMHC-based techniques suitable for high-throughput analyses we developed an MHC peptide exchange technology based on the use of conditional MHC ligands. This technology enables the parallel production of thousands of different pMHC complexes within hours, allowing the development of high-throughput MHC-based assay systems to identify MHC ligands and cytotoxic T-cell responses. These high-throughput assays should prove valuable for the screening of entire disease-associated proteomes, including pathogen-encoded proteomes, tumor-associated antigens, and autoimmune antigens.
A visual language and environment for specifying user interface event handling in design tools (2007)

End users often need the ability to tailor diagramming-based design tools and to specify dynamic interactive behaviours of graphical user interfaces. However most want to avoid having to use textual scripting languages or programming language approaches directly. We describe a new visual language for user interface event handling specification targeted at end users. Our visual language provides end users with abstract ways to express both simple and complex event handling mechanisms via visual specifications. These specifications incorporate event filtering, tool state querying and action invocation. We describe our language, its incorporation into a meta-tool for building visual design environments, examples of its use and results of evaluations of its effectiveness.
Large-Dynamic Frequency Response Measurement for Broadband Electro-Optic Phase Modulators (2019)

A novel method for characterizing the frequency responses of broadband electro-optic phase modulators (PMs) by employing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed method, the SBS amplifies the +1st-order sideband and attenuates the -1st-order sideband of the phase-modulated signal from a PM under test. Thereby, the phase-modulated signal is converted into an optical single-sideband modulation signal. After square-law photodetection, the overall frequency responses are obtained. Removing the frequency responses of the SBS gain and the photodetector from the overall responses, the responses of the PM are thus achieved. Benefitting from the amplification of the SBS, the proposed method possesses a large dynamic range. Sub-Hz resolution and broadband measurement range are also achievable. A commercial broadband PM is experimentally characterized from 10 MHz to 50 GHz with a resolution of 5 MHz. According to the amplification of the SBS, the dynamic range is enhanced by 17.74 dB. The measurement result is verified by the conventional method utilizing optical spectrum analysis.
Machine learning algorithm for automatic detection of CT-identifiable hyperdense lesions associated with traumatic brain injury (2017)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Time to treatment is often related to patient outcome. Access to cerebral imaging data in a timely manner is a vital component of patient care. Current methods of detecting and quantifying intracranial pathology can be time-consuming and require careful review of 2D/3D patient images by a radiologist. Additional time is needed for image protocoling, acquisition, and processing. These steps often occur in series, adding more time to the process and potentially delaying time-dependent management decisions for patients with traumatic brain injury. Our team adapted machine learning and computer vision methods to develop a technique that rapidly and automatically detects CT-identifiable lesions. Specifically, we use scale invariant feature transform (SIFT)<sup>1</sup> and deep convolutional neural networks (CNN)<sup>2</sup> to identify important image features that can distinguish TBI lesions from background data. Our learning algorithm is a linear support vector machine (SVM)<sup>3</sup>. Further, we also employ tools from topological data analysis (TDA) for gleaning insights into the correlation patterns between healthy and pathological data. The technique was validated using 409 CT scans of the brain, acquired via the Progesterone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury phase III clinical trial (ProTECT_III) which studied patients with moderate to severe TBI<sup>4</sup>. CT data were annotated by a central radiologist and included patients with positive and negative scans. Additionally, the largest lesion on each positive scan was manually segmented. We reserved 80% of the data for training the SVM and used the remaining 20% for testing. Preliminary results are promising with 92.55% prediction accuracy (sensitivity = 91.15%, specificity = 93.45%), indicating the potential usefulness of this technique in clinical scenarios.
Data from Targeting IGF Perturbs Global Replication through Ribonucleotide Reductase Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Inhibition of IGF receptor (IGF1R) delays repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), prompting us to investigate whether IGF1R influences endogenous DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that IGF1R inhibition generates endogenous DNA lesions protected by 53BP1 bodies, indicating under-replicated DNA. In cancer cells, inhibition or depletion of IGF1R delayed replication fork progression accompanied by activation of ATR–CHK1 signaling and the intra-S-phase checkpoint. This phenotype reflected unanticipated regulation of global replication by IGF1 mediated via AKT, MEK/ERK, and JUN to influence expression of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit RRM2. Consequently, inhibition or depletion of IGF1R downregulated RRM2, compromising RNR function and perturbing dNTP supply. The resulting delay in fork progression and hallmarks of replication stress were rescued by RRM2 overexpression, confirming RRM2 as the critical factor through which IGF1 regulates replication. Suspecting existence of a backup pathway protecting from toxic sequelae of replication stress, targeted compound screens in breast cancer cells identified synergy between IGF inhibition and ATM loss. Reciprocal screens of ATM-proficient/deficient fibroblasts identified an IGF1R inhibitor as the top hit. IGF inhibition selectively compromised growth of ATM-null cells and spheroids and caused regression of ATM-null xenografts. This synthetic-lethal effect reflected conversion of single-stranded lesions in IGF-inhibited cells into toxic DSBs upon ATM inhibition. Overall, these data implicate IGF1R in alleviating replication stress, and the reciprocal IGF:ATM codependence we identify provides an approach to exploit this effect in ATM-deficient cancers.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study identifies regulation of ribonucleotide reductase function and dNTP supply by IGFs and demonstrates that IGF axis blockade induces replication stress and reciprocal codependence on ATM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ion-implanted In0.53Ga0.47As for ultrafast optoelectronic applications (2003)

Undoped In0.53Ga0.47As epilayers were implanted with 2-MeV Fe+ ions at doses of 1×1015 and 1×1016 cm−2 at room temperature and annealed at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. Hall-effect measurements show that after annealing, layers with resistivities on the order of 105 Ω/square can be achieved. Carrier lifetimes as short as 300 fs are observed for samples annealed at 500 and 600 °C. For higher annealing temperatures, characteristic times of the optical response are on the order of a few picoseconds.
Neither Smad2 or Smad3 is essential for TGF-β to induce Foxp3+ Tregs and Th17 (47.8) (2009)

Abstract TGF-ß induces the development of Foxp3+ regulatory T (iTreg) and IL-17-producing (Th17) cells based on the present cytokines. However, the signaling pathways involved in the differentiation of these cells are poorly defined. TGF-ß signals through Smad-dependent and -independent pathways to affect T cell responses. While others reported Smad3 is required for activity of the Foxp3 enhancer, our studies suggest that Smad3 is not essential for TGF-ß to induce Foxp3+ expression. In naïve CD4+CD25- cells isolated from either Smad3 KO or Smad2 conditional KO mice, TGF-ß was still able to induce TCR-activated T cells to express Foxp3 and developed suppressive activity, although the level of Foxp3 was slightly lower than induction in wild type cells. TGF-ß induced naïve CD4+ cells from wild type and Smad3-/- CD4+ to become Th17 cells in the presence of IL-6. Addition of retinoic acid (ATRA) increased iTreg differentiation and controlled Th17 development in both wild type and Smad3-/- mice. These results suggest that although the combined effects of Smad2 and Smad3 may be needed for the induction of iTreg and Th17 cells, Smad-independent signaling pathways are also required for these TGF-ß differentiation effects. (Supported by ACR REF Award and Outstanding youth Scientist Award from NSFC)
Chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro impairs the activation of T cells through the T cell receptor/CD3 complex; reversal in vivo by anti-TNF antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1994)

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) al- ters the function of activated T lymphocytes. Pretreatment of tetanus toxoid-specific T cell clones with TNF for up to 16 d impaired rechallenge proliferative responses to antigen in a dose-and time-dependent fashion. IL-2 and PHA re- sponses were preserved. Prolonged treatment with TNF im- paired production of IL-2, IL-10, IFNy, TNF, and lympho- toxin (LT) following stimulation with immobilized OKT3, and resulted in suboptimal expression of the IL-2R alpha chain (Tac) but not CD3, CD4, or HLA-DR antigens, when compared to untreated control cells. By contrast, pretreat- ment of T cells for prolonged periods in vitro with neutraliz- ing anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (mAb) enhanced proliferative responses, increased lymphokine production, and upregulated Tac expression following stimulation with OKT3. To determine whether TNF exerts immunosuppressive effects on T cells in vivo, we studied cell-mediated im- munity in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), before and after treatment with a chimeric anti-TNF mAb. Treatment with anti-TNF restored the diminished proliferative responses of PBMC to mitogens and recall antigens towards normal in all patients tested. These data demon- strate that persistent expression of TNF in vitro and in vivo impairs cell-mediated immune responses. (
Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Cathodoluminescence Imaging Polarimetry on Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2016)

We measure polarization- and wavelength-resolved spectra and spatial emission intensity distributions from silicon photonic crystal waveguides in the near-infrared spectral range using spectroscopic cathodoluminescence imaging polarimetry. A 30 keV electron beam, incident along the surface normal of the sample, acts as an ultrabroadband and deeply subwavelength excitation source. For photonic crystal waveguides with a broad range of design parameters, we observe a dominant emission intensity distribution that is strongly confined to the waveguide. For a period of 420 nm and a hole radius of 120 nm, this occurs at a wavelength of 1425 nm. The polarization-resolved measurements demonstrate that this feature is fully linearly polarized along the waveguide axis. Comparing the modal pattern and polarization to calculations of the electric field profiles confirms that we measure the odd TE waveguide mode of the system. This result demonstrates that the electron beam can couple to modes dominated by in-plane field components in addition to the more commonly observed modes dominated by out-of-plane field components. From the emission directionality, we conclude that we sample a leaky portion of the odd waveguide mode.
Inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 by the inhibitor of janus kinases stimulates dormant human leukemia CD34+/CD38− cells and sensitizes them to antileukemia agents (2010)

To verify molecular mechanisms by which leukemia stem cells (LSCs) maintain a dormant state, we explored the activity of the major prosurvival signal pathways in CD34(+) /CD38(-) compartment, supposed to contain LSCs, and CD34(+) /CD38(+) counterparts from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, n = 11) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells expressed a greater amount of p-janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) than CD34(+) /CD38(+) counterparts in all patients except for one case. In addition, we found that CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells were relatively resistant to cytarabine- and the inhibitor of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mediated growth inhibition, as measured by the clonogenic assay. Interestingly, blockade of JAK2/STAT5 signaling by the specific JAK2 inhibitor AZ960 stimulated cell cycling in CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells in conjunction with downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(waf1) and sensitized these cells to the growth inhibition mediated by cytarabine and the FLT3 kinase inhibitor. Moreover, exposure of CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells to AZ960 potently induced apoptosis in parallel with downregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, as measured by Western blot analysis. Taken together, JAK2/STAT5 signaling may be a promising molecular target to eradicate CD34(+) /CD38(-) leukemia cells in individuals with AML.
How Do Telomeres Block Checkpoint Activation? (2018)

Genome instability is a potentially lethal event for a eukaryotic cell, and a mutational force for genetic diseases such as cancer. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can drive genome instability and are sensed by the DNA damage checkpoint, a defined set of evolutionarilyconserved proteins that bind the DSB to signal a pause or arrest of the cell cycle 1 and recruit proteins to repair the DNA lesion 2,3 . Telomeres, the physical ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, are specialized DSBs that suppress DNA damage checkpoint activation by an unknown mechanism(s), even though telomeres are bound by many of the DNA damage checkpoint proteins that signal cell cycle arrest 4 . Carneiro et al. (Nature 467: 228-232) addressed this question using Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells that lack Taz1, the protein that binds to double-stranded telomere repeats 5 . Telomeres in taz1 cells have single-stranded DNA regions that are bound by checkpoint and DNA repair proteins, but cells do not arrest 5,6 . Carneiro et al. found that the ortholog of the human DNA damage checkpoint protein 53BP1