gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Roughness of Zirconia and Titanium on Fibroblast Adhesion (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion (4 and 24 h) and the morphology of fibroblast Balb/c 3T3 seeded onto polystyrene, partially stabilized (ZrO(2)Y(2)O(3)), stabilized zirconia ceramic (3YTZP), and pure titanium (Ti, grade 2). Initial cell adhesion (4 h) was greater (P < 0.05, analysis of variance and Tukey's Multiple Comparisons Test) onto ZrO(2)Y(2)O(3) and polystyrene than in Ti and 3YTZ. After 24 h, the number of adhered cells was similar between the biomaterials tested, but smaller than onto polystyrene (P < 0.05). Cells were more spread onto glass surface after 4 h, but after 24 h, the morphology and density of the cells were similar in all groups (SEM). Profilometry showed distinct Ra values for each material: glass coverslips and ZrO(2)Y(2)O(3) (0.09 microm), Ti (0.88 microm), and 3YTZP (30.93 microm). It was concluded that ZrO(2)Y(2)O(3) promoted the best initial adhesion, thus indicating that surfaces with Ra values smaller than 0.1 microm could be more favorable to initial adhesion.
Supervisor for toner error handling : a case study in supervisory control of Océ printers (2008)

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the viability of supervisory control synthesis approach by presenting the formulation and a preliminary solution of a real-life control problem in Oce printers. In a nutshell, supervisory control synthesis is a procedure for automatic generation of control algorithms based on the formal model of the underlying system (plant) and of the requirements the controlled system has to satisfy. The underlying theory guarantees that the generated control algorithm will indeed force the system to meet the specified requirements, provided that the model of the system and of the requirements are accurate enough. The viability of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to a particular use-case of Oce, the toner error-handling problem. The presence of continuous-time behavior in the current use-case compelled us to use supervisory control theory in a novel way. Usually, when applying supervisory control theory, the plant is modeled as an automaton and this automaton is constructed manually. Instead, here we generate the finite-state automaton model by a computer program, which takes as inputs the value of a number of physical parameters.The reason for choosing to generate the model by a program is that the model is obtained by discretizing a hybrid model in time. In turn, the time-step used in the discretization of the hybrid model is one of the parameters of the computer program. By generating the model automatically, we are able to experiment with supervisors for different discretization time steps and different values of physical parameters.
CD-AFM reference metrology at NIST and SEMATECH (2005)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and SEMATECH have been working together to improve the traceability of critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) dimensional metrology in semiconductor manufacturing. A major component of this collaboration has been the implementation of a Reference Measurement System (RMS) at SEMATECH using a current generation CD-AFM. An earlier tool, originally used at SEMATECH, has now been installed at NIST. Uncertainty budgets were developed for pitch, height, and CD measurements using both tools. At present, the standard uncertainties are approximately 0.2 % for pitch measurements and 0.4% for step height measurements. Prior to the current work, CD AFM linewidth measurements were limited to a standard uncertainty of about 5 nm. However, this limit can now be significantly reduced. This reduction results from the completion of the NIST/SEMATECH collaboration on the development of single crystal critical dimension reference materials (SCDDRM). A new generation of these reference materials was released to SEMATECH Member Companies during late 2004. The SEMATECH RMS was used to measure the linewidths of selected features on the distributed specimens. To reduce the uncertainty in tip width calibration, a separate transfer experiment was performed in which samples were measured by CD-AFM and then sent for high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In this manner, CD-AFM could be used to transfer the HRTEM width information to the distributed samples. Consequently, we are now able to reduce the limit on the standard uncertainty (k = 1) of CD-AFM width measurements to 1 nm.
Application of the preconditioned conjugate-gradient algorithm to the edge FEM for electromagnetic boundary-value problems (2000)

In this letter, an effective symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioning scheme is applied to the conjugate-gradient method for solving a large system of linear equations resulting from the use of the edge-based finite-element method (FEM). With SSOR as the preconditioner as well as its efficient implementation in the conjugate-gradient (CG) algorithm, the PCG method converges five times as fast as the CG method. This result demonstrates that SSOR is a good preconditioner for the CG iterative method when the FEM is applied to solve large-scale electromagnetic problems. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 235–238, 2000.
An expression profile of genes in human retina and isolation of a complementary DNA for a novel rod photoreceptor protein. (1997)

The expression profile of active genes in the retina represents the composition of mRNA, which reflects the relative activities of genes in this tissue. A comparison of this expression profile with those obtained with other tissues resulted in isolation of a novel cDNA specifically expressed in the rod photoreceptor. It is anticipated that additional novel genes that are uniquely active in the neural retina may be obtained with the same strategy, leading to further clarification of the biologic or physiological characteristics of this tissue.
Concise Review: The Evolution of human pluripotent stem cell culture: From feeder cells to synthetic coatings (2012)

Current practices to maintain human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which include induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, in an undifferentiated state typically depend on the support of feeder cells such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or an extracellular matrix such as Matrigel. Culture conditions that depend on these undefined support systems limit our ability to interpret mechanistic studies aimed at resolving how hPSCs interact with their extracellular environment to remain in a unique undifferentiated state and to make fate-changing lineage decisions. Likewise, the xenogeneic components of MEFs and Matrigel ultimately hinder our ability to use pluripotent stem cells to treat debilitating human diseases. Many of these obstacles have been overcome by the development of synthetic coatings and bioreactors that support hPSC expansion and self-renewal within defined culture conditions that are free from xenogeneic contamination. The establishment of defined culture conditions and synthetic matrices will facilitate studies to more precisely probe the molecular basis of pluripotent stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. When combined with three-dimensional cultures in bioreactors, these systems will also enable large-scale expansion for future clinical applications.
Characterization and Regulation of Gap Junctions in Porcine Ciliary Epithelium (2018)

Cx43 was found to be the major component of gap junctions in porcine CE. Consistent with results from a bovine model, our results support the important role of Cx43 in mediating AH secretion. This finding may shed light on the development of a novel ocular hypotensive agent.
Understanding Mathematical Models for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Counseling (2001)

Abstract: Chemoprevention and prophylactic surgery are effective interventions for lowering breast cancer incidence. However, these approaches are associated with risks of their own. Accurate individualized breast cancer risk assessment is an essential component of the risk/benefit analysis that must take place prior to implementing either of these strategies. Several mathematical models for estimating individual breast cancer risk have been proposed over the last decade. The Gail model is the most generally applicable model; however, it neglects family history information in second-degree relatives, treats pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer the same, and ignores personal histories of lobular neoplasia. The Claus model is a better family history model, but it does not assign any special relevance to histories of bilateral breast cancer or ovarian cancer, and neglects all of the nonfamily history information accounted for by the Gail model. BRCAPRO is a Bayesian family history model that calculates individual breast cancer probabilities based on the probability that a family carries a mutation in one of the BRCA genes. Though its treatment of family history information is more thorough than the other models, it neglects the nonfamily history risk factors accounted for by the Gail model and may not appreciate familial clustering unrelated to BRCA gene mutation. A thorough understanding of the principles of risk analysis and the available mathematical models is essential for anyone wishing to perform intervention counseling. This review describes the basic components of risk analysis, explains how the mathematical models work and compares the strengths and weaknesses of the various models. CancerGene is a software tool for running all of these models. It may be obtained without charge at http://www.swmed.edu/home_pages/cancergene.
Cooperation of cancer drivers with regulatory germline variants shapes clinical outcomes (2019)

Pediatric malignancies including Ewing sarcoma (EwS) feature a paucity of somatic alterations except for pathognomonic driver-mutations that cannot explain overt variations in clinical outcome. Here, we demonstrate in EwS how cooperation of dominant oncogenes and regulatory germline variants determine tumor growth, patient survival and drug response. Binding of the oncogenic EWSR1-FLI1 fusion transcription factor to a polymorphic enhancer-like DNA element controls expression of the transcription factor MYBL2 mediating these phenotypes. Whole-genome and RNA sequencing reveals that variability at this locus is inherited via the germline and is associated with variable inter-tumoral MYBL2 expression. High MYBL2 levels sensitize EwS cells for inhibition of its upstream activating kinase CDK2 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting MYBL2 as a putative biomarker for anti-CDK2-therapy. Collectively, we establish cooperation of somatic mutations and regulatory germline variants as a major determinant of tumor progression and highlight the importance of integrating the regulatory genome in precision medicine.
Mask replication using jet and flash imprint lithography (2011)

The Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FILTM) process uses drop dispensing of UV curable resists to assist high
resolution patterning for subsequent dry etch pattern transfer. The technology is actively being used to develop
solutions for memory markets including Flash memory and patterned media for hard disk drives. It is anticipated that
the lifetime of a single template (for patterned media) or mask (for semiconductor) will be on the order of 10 4 - 10 5 imprints. This suggests that tens of thousands of templates/masks will be required to satisfy the needs of a
manufacturing environment. Electron-beam patterning is too slow to feasibly deliver these volumes, but instead can
provide a high quality master mask which can be replicated many times with an imprint lithography tool. This
strategy has the capability to produce the required supply of working templates/masks. In this paper, we review the
development of the mask form factor, imprint replication tools and the semiconductor mask replication process.
A Perfecta TM MR5000 mask replication tool has been developed specifically to pattern replica masks from an ebeam
written master. Performance results, including image placement, critical dimension uniformity, and pattern
transfer are covered in detail.
Plasma separation from human blood using spiral microchannels for dry eye treatment (2012)

We demonstrated that spiral microchannels could efficiently separate plasma from whole human blood toward autologous serum eye drop, which provides benefits for all dry eye patients. The optimized spiral microchannels realized 100% separation of 10 μm particles and over 90% separation of blood samples.
Anaerobes: Problems and Controversies in Bacteriology, Infections, and Susceptibility Testing (1990)

Three key questions are discussed in this manuscript: (1) What is the clinical relevance of anaerobic bacteriology? (2) How can the microbiologist, with limited and decreasing resources, perform reliable, detailed studies of anaerobic bacteriology? (3) When and how should susceptibility testing be done with anaerobes? If the clinician knows the usual bacteriology of various types of infection and how this may be modified by pathophysiologic processes in the host or by prior therapy, he/she can use a logical empiric approach to treatment of the patient. As to the microbiologist's dilemma, it is not realistic or rational for a microbiologist in a nonteaching hospital to do detailed bacteriologic studies and routine anaerobic susceptibility testing. The resources available should be committed primarily to the patient who is seriously ill. Such allocation of resources, of course, requires repeated and effective communication between microbiologist and clinician.
Dicoma anomala (Sond.) abates glycation and DPP-IV activity and modulates glucose utilization in Chang liver cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2019)

Dicoma anomala (Sond.) is known for its folkloric application in the treatment diabetes, but with few scientific evidences. This study reported the antidiabetic potential and possible mode of actions of this plant. The phenolic content; α-glucosidase, DPP-IV and glycation inhibitory activities and glucose utilization and adipocyte differentiation modulatory activities of D. anomala root extracts (hexane, DCM, DCM:MeOH 50:50 and MeOH) were determined. The DCM:MeOH extract had the highest phenolic content. Same extract exhibited the most potent DPP-IV (IC50 = 164.96 μg/mL) and glycation (70.3% at 5 μg/mL) inhibitory effects. The DCM:MeOH and MeOH extracts showed the most potent modulatory effects on glucose utilization, while the DCM:MeOH showed the most potent adipocyte differentiation (AD50; extract concentration causing 50% adipocyte differentiation = 68.55 μg/mL) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The glucose utilization modulatory effect of the DCM:MeOH extract in Chang liver cells was comparable to that of metformin. Lupeol and quercetin were the main bioactive compounds was identified in DCM:MeOH and MeOH. The DCM:MeOH extract was non-cytotoxic at effective concentrations. D. anomala root extract may exert glycemic control by inhibiting DPP-IV activity and glycation process and modulating glucose uptake.
Corneal Cross-Linking as Treatment in Pediatric Keratoconus: Comparison of Two Protocols (2021)

A-CXL is as safe and effective as S-CXL for stabilizing progressive keratoconus in pediatric population. Larger-sample-size studies with a longer follow-up time are required. Considering the long-term results of 9 mW A-CXL and its safety and efficacy profile, it should be preferred to S-CXL for reducing treatment time and improving patients' comfort.
Ultralow current density RTDs for tunneling-based SRAM (1997)

We report an improved tunneling-based SRAM (TSRAM) cell design using symmetric low current density InGaAs/InAlAs/AlAs/InAs resonant-tunneling diodes (RTD's). The new design eliminates an interconnect compared to the previous record low 50 nW TSRAM cell demonstrated with asymmetric low current density RTDs and heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) in our InP-based integrated process. The simplified cell has 4/spl times/ smaller area than III-V FET-only SRAM cells at the same design rule. We also investigate experimentally and theoretically the mechanism for reduced peak-to-valley current ratios for very low current density (/spl sim/1 A/cm/sup 2/) RTDs which affects TSRAM cell standby power.
Anodizing Method Yielding Multiple Porous Seed Layers for the Epitaxial Growth of Monocrystalline Si Films (2006)

This paper reports on recent improvements in the fabrication of -thick self-standing porous Si seed films for monocrystalline epitaxy. A multiple three-step anodizing method allows us to separate multiple self-standing porous films from a single Si wafer with only one mounting step. So far, we have separated up to three self-standing porous films with diameters of (limited by our etch setup) with one continuous anodizing process. The porous films are used as seeding layers for monocrystalline Si epitaxy. Solar cells fabricated from -thick monocrystalline silicon films show independently confirmed efficiencies up to 13.6%.
Detecting the structural determinants of glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase inhibition (2005)

xylanases (endo--1,4-xylanases, E.C.3.2.1.8) are frequently used to modify the functionality of (arabino)xylan in feed and food applications. In cereals two types of endogeneous proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors were discovered, i.e. TAXI-type (T. aestivum xylanase inhibitor) [1] and XIP-type (xylanase inhibiting protein) [2] inhibitors.
Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media (1993)

Amplitude-modulated light launched into multiple-scattering media, e.g., tissue, results in the propagation of density waves of diffuse photons. Photon density wave characteristics in turn depend on modulation frequency (omega) and media optical properties. The damped spherical wave solutions to the homogeneous form of the diffusion equation suggest two distinct regimes of behavior: (1) a high-frequency dispersion regime where density wave phase velocity V(p) has a radicalomega dependence and (2) a low-frequency domain where V(p), is frequency independent. Optical properties are determined for various tissue phantoms by fitting the recorded phase (?) and modulation (m) response to simple relations for theappropriate regime. Our results indicate that reliable estimates of tissue like optical properties can be obtained, particularly when multiple modulation frequencies are employed.
Predicting Success in Certain Aircraft Maintenance Specialties by Means of Manipulative Tests. (1955)

Abstract : The present report describes an exploratory investigation into this problem in the Air Force situation. It represents the first in a series of studies concerned with the utility of certain apparatus and printed manipulative tests as possible additions to the printed Airman Classification Battery. In the present instance, three schools in the Aircraft Maintenance area were selected for study These were the Engine Mechanic (R-4360), Hydraulic Mechanic and Aircraft Electrician (General) courses, all at Chanute Air Force Base. A battery of 16 experimental tests (yielding 25 scores) was administered to students entering these courses Included among these tests were certain printed psychomotor tests designed as possible substitutes for certain of the apparatus tests Validation of all of these tests was achieved against various school criteria.
Q-Nerve: Propagating signal of a damaged nerve using quantum networking (2015)

Aiding paralyzed people through using technology to transmit signals from brain to paralized part of a body has been a matter of great interest in recent times. Classical approaches in this regard still experience several limitations and sometimes become hazardous to living bodies. Besides, existing literature points out that there are many nerve signals that are not amenable to the classical approaches, however, can be amenable to quantum approaches. By addressing these two points, we propose a new system to propagate signal of a damaged nerve using quantum networking. We name our proposed system Q-Nerve. Q-Nerve exploits quantum network based artificial connection between brain and other organs to bypass a damaged nerve. Subsequently, we propose a more sophisticated version of Q-Nerve that aims to exploiting a synergy between the ability of quantum computing to accumulate neural signal and the ability of quantum networking to pass the signal instantaneously. Further, we extend the proposed system for other brain and nerve related problems that require numerous logical computations.
The Multi-material Actuator for Variable Stiffness (MAVS): Design, Modeling, and Characterization of a Soft Actuator for Lateral Ankle Support (2020)

This paper presents the design of the Multi-material Actuator for Variable Stiffness (MAVS), which consists of an inflatable soft fabric actuator fixed between two layers of rigid retainer pieces. The MAVS is designed to be integrated with a soft robotic ankle-foot orthosis (SR-AFO) exosuit to aid in supporting the human ankle in the inversion/eversion directions. This design aims to assist individuals affected with chronic ankle instability (CAI) or other impairments to the ankle joint. The MAVS design is made from compliant fabric materials, layered and constrained by thin rigid retainers to prevent volume increase during actuation. The design was optimized to provide the greatest stiffness and least deflection for a beam positioned as a cantilever with a point load. Geometric programming of materials was used to maximize stiffness when inflated and minimize stiffness when passive. An analytic model of the MAVS was created to evaluate the effects in stiffness observed by varying the ratio in length between the rigid pieces and the soft actuator. A finite element analysis (FEA) was generated to analyze and predict the behavior of the MAVS prior to fabrication. The results from the analytic model and FEA study were compared to experimentally obtained results of the MAVS. The MAVS with the greatest stiffness was observed when the gap between the rigid retainers was smallest and the rigid retainer length was smallest. The MAVS design with the highest stiffness at 100 kPa was determined, which required 26.71 ± 0.06 N to deflect the actuator 20 mm, and a resulting stiffness of 1,335.5 N/m and 9.1% margin of error from the model predictions.
On-line cancelling technique of ECG interference in the diaphragmatic electromyographic signals (2002)

Describes an innovative ECG masking-filtering method (MFM) for rapid removal of ECG interference in diaphragmatic electromyographic (EMGdi) signals. The key feature of this approach is using a widened Hanning window for masking out the ECG complexes. The performance of the proposed technique is studied using computer simulations. To evaluate our method, we present a quantitative analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the relative errors of the following spectral features: mean frequency, median frequency and high-to-low (H/L) ratio after cancellation. The usefulness of these parameters is shown for monitoring human diaphragm fatigue.