gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printed Thermoelectric Devices using Vanadate Glass Composite Materials (2013)

Thermoelectric (TE) devices have emerged as one of the most promising new technologies for use as sensor module energy harvesters and as waste-heat recovery systems. Low-cost and large-area printed TE devices are suitable because heat sources are widely distributed through-out the environment. In addition, high reliability is also required of the TE materials because the devices are operated in high-temperature environments over long periods of time. In this study, we developed glass matrix TE composite materials that have a higher softening temperature than organic materials. Using low melting point vanadate glasses as the matrix materials, we fabricated n-type Bi2Te3— vanadate glass and p-type Bi0.3Sb1.7Te3—vanadate glass composites. The figure of merit (ZT) of both materials was approximately 0.2 at temperatures between 25 and 300°C. We also fabricated a pair of thermocouple devices using these vanadate glass composites with simple printing process, and an output voltage of 5 mV was obtained when the thermocouple pair was placed on a hot plate heated to 90°C.
Applications of Chitin and Chitosan in Industry and Medical Science: A Review (2016)

Chitin can be extracted from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects and mollusks and the cell wall of microorganisms. It can be converted into chitosan by deacetylation process. Chitosan shows more versatility than chitin due to its solubility and reactive free amino group (-NH2). This article helps to understand the importance and characteristics of chitin and chitosan by their various aspects such as properties and medical and industrial applications.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 99-104
Effects of array geometry on the supermodes of two-dimensional vertical-cavity semiconductor laser arrays (1990)

We report experimental measurements of two-dimensional spatial lasing supermodes in phase-locked vertical-cavity semiconductor laser arrays. The phase locking was achieved by patterning the reflectivity of the back laser mirror. The dependence of the modal behavior on the array geometry for varius configurations is presented.
Transformation-Based Learning in the Fast Lane (2001)

Transformation-based learning has been successfully employed to solve many natural language processing problems. It achieves state-of-the-art performance on many natural language processing tasks and does not overtrain easily. However, it does have a serious drawback: the training time is often intorelably long, especially on the large corpora which are often used in NLP. In this paper, we present a novel and realistic method for speeding up the training time of a transformation-based learner without sacrificing performance. The paper compares and contrasts the training time needed and performance achieved by our modified learner with two other systems: a standard transformation-based learner, and the ICA system \cite{hepple00:tbl}. The results of these experiments show that our system is able to achieve a significant improvement in training time while still achieving the same performance as a standard transformation-based learner. This is a valuable contribution to systems and algorithms which utilize transformation-based learning at any part of the execution.
Induction of central memory to BCG vaccine in mice through rapamycin (P4300) (2013)

Abstract BCG vaccine induced Th1 immunity protects against childhood tuberculosis failing to protect adults. BCG induces short lived effector T cells (SLECs) but poor memory precursor effector T cells (MPECs) in mice. Rapamycin prolongs antigen presentation by macrophages and also affects MTOR of CD8 T cells. Thus, we examined whether rapamycin co-treatment with BCG enhances MPECs. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were immunized with BCG alone or BCG-rapamycin. Mice were challenged 4 weeks later (primary challenge) with an aerosol dose of virulent Mtb and T cell responses were evaluated using flow cytometry and correlated with protection measured as a decline in the number of challenged Mtb. T cells were typed using tetramers, intracellular IFNγ, T-bet and Eomes transcription factors. Mice were then cleared of mycobacteria through drug treatment and rested before rechallenge (secondary challenge) with virulent Mtb. Results: Following primary challenge, rapamycin enhanced the efficacy of BCG vaccine through a better expansion of both CD4 SLECs and CD8 T SLEC/MPECs. Only rapamycin-BCG treated mice showed a robust recall response of CD8 T cells in the lungs of rechallenged mice, with a 1-log10 better decline in the numbers of Mtb organisms. The lungs also contained a high number of TB10.4 tetramer-IFNγ positive CD8 T cells, and CD8 T cells expressing perforin and granzyme. Thus, enhancing the ability of BCG vaccine to induce MPECs, leads to a vaccine that can induce long term immunity.
Biological Investigation of 2-Thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolines against Adenovirus Type 7 and Bacteriophage Phi X174: An In Vitro Study (2023)

Mortality and morbidity caused by viruses are a global health problems. Therefore, there is always a need to create novel therapeutic agents and refine existing ones to maximize their efficacy. Our lab has produced benzoquinazolines derivatives that have proven effective activity as antiviral compounds against herpes simplex (HSV 1 and 2), coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), and hepatitis viruses (HAV and HCV). This in vitro study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of benzoquinazoline derivatives <b>1</b>-<b>16</b> against adenovirus type 7 and bacteriophage phiX174 using a plaque assay. The cytotoxicity against adenovirus type 7 was also performed in vitro, using a MTT assay. Most of the compounds exhibited antiviral activity against bacteriophage phiX174. However, compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> showed statistically significant reductions of 60-70% against bacteriophage phiX174. By contrast, compounds <b>3</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>12</b>, <b>13</b>, and <b>15</b> were ineffective against adenovirus type 7, and compounds <b>6</b> and <b>16</b> had remarkable efficacy (50%). Using the MOE-Site Finder Module, a docking study was carried out in order to create a prediction regarding the orientation of the lead compounds (<b>1</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b>). This was performed in order to investigate the activity of the lead compounds <b>1</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>11</b> against the bacteriophage phiX174 by locating the ligand-target protein binding interaction active sites.
Association of Apolipoprotein J Polymorphism 1598delT with Coronary Artery Disease and Lipoprotein Levels (2011)

Our data indicated that the APOJ single nucleotide polymorphism (1598delT) is associated with risk factors for CAD in a Chinese population.
THE REMOVAL OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL FROM WATER BY SERIAL COAGULATION, BY ION EXCHANGE, AND BY CHARCOAL ABSORPTION (SALTY DOG VII) (1956)

Methods of removing radioactive materials from water by serial coagulation, by ion exchange, and by charcoal adsorption were examined. Results indicate that all of the Ru-106-Rh-106, Zr-95-Nb-95, and Ce-144-Pr-144 present may be removed by serial coagulation, also over 98% of Ba-140-La-140, and Sr-90-Y- 90 can be removed by this method as well as 87.8% of mixed fission products. The capacity of ion exchange resins such as Amberlite Ir-120 for removing Sr-89 from water is essentially independent of flowrate, column length, temperature, and pH. Granular bone charcoal was tested for radioisotope removal from water. The highest removal was obtained with Ag-110 (89.2%) and Pr-144 (88.8%) while the lowest removal was with Na-24 (38.%). Pretreatment of contaminated water with dimethylglyoxime was found to be beneficial in charcoal removal of radioisotopes. Using this additive more than 98% of the Sr-89, Ba-140, La-140, Zr-95, Nb-95, Ca- 45, Y-91, Ag-110, and Ce-144-Pr-144 present were removed. (J.R.D.)
Locomotor Microactivities Associated with Therapeutic Responses in Patients with Seasonal Affective Disorders (2015)

These findings suggest that light therapy alters the nature of diurnal activity troughs in early responsive patients, reducing their tendency to persist at low levels, possibly reflecting an alleviation of psychomotor retardation.
Progress toward spin-sensitive scanning tunneling microscopy using optical orientation in GaAs (1994)

Advances toward spin-sensitive scanning tunneling microscopy are reported here, using optically created spin polarized electrons in GaAs. As a first step, tunneling spectroscopy has been performed on GaAs samples with light excitation. Dependence of photoinduced effects on excitation power, tip–sample distance, and doping density are presented. Similar measurements were conducted for a cleaved GaAs tip, showing short circuit currents of several hundred pA upon laser illumination. Results support the feasibility of using such tips as a spin-sensitive local probe.
Motion Sensors Estimated Upper Extremity Frailty Score: A Practical Method to Identify 30-Day Recurrent Fall and Hospital Readmission in Elderly Trauma Patients (2016)

Jokar, Tahereh O. MD; Najafi, Bijan PhD; Rhee, Peter M. MD, MPH, FACS, FCCM; Mohler, Jane MPH; Toosizadeh, Nima PhD; Heusser, Michelle R.; Kulvatunyou, Narong MD, FACS; Hassan, Ahmed MD; Gries, Lynn M. MD; Joseph, Bellal MD, FACS Author Information
Security of ID-based key exchange scheme (1998)

By combining an attractive but unproven ID-based key exchange protocol due to Okamoto with a non-authenticated but proven key exchange scheme proposed by McCurley , an ID-based key exchange is developed whose secrecy and authenticity are both provably as difficult to breach for a passive wire-tapper as it is to factor a composite modulus.
A New Route to Crystalline Hydrogels, Guided by a Phase Diagram (2003)

Iridescent crystalline hydrogels with high polymer concentration were synthesized by initiating crystallization of a colloidal fluid near the melting point but stabilizing the crystalline structure below the glass-transition temperature under the guidance of a phase diagram. The iridescent colors of such hydrogels shift from blue to red as the polymer concentration decreases from 5.4 to 3.5 wt % in water, as shown in the photographs.
Gradient mechanism of detonation initiation underaction of high-voltage nanosecond discharge (2010)

Studies of different mechanisms of detonation initiation in combustible gaseous mixtures are related to the necessity of development an ignition device for application in pulsed detonation engines (PDE). The application requires a robust energy-efficient methodof initiation Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonations in tubes within distances of several calibers and times of ∼1 ms. The most common approach is deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) facilitation by the application of various types of obstacles that turbulize the flow and increase the flame velocity, which was initially suggested by Shchelkin [1]. Alternatively, the concept of detonation initiation through a gradient mechanism was theoretically introduced by Zeldovich [2]. This case was numerically studied in a series of papers reviewed in [3]. Various scenarios of hot spots formation due to shock-flame interaction and the role of their structure were also discussed in that paper. A similar concept of the shock-wave amplification by coherent energy release (SWACER) was introduced in [4], where this process was investigated in more detail. Pulsed nanosecond discharge in the form of a fast ionization wave (FIW) was proposed as a tool for detonation formation length and time reduction in [5]. An experimental study of detonation initiation by high-voltage nanosecond gas discharge has been performed in a smooth detonation tube with a four-cell discharge chamber designed to realize a gradient initiation mechanism. Stoichiometric propane-oxygen mixtures were used at initial pressures from 0.2 to 1 bar. Detonation was formed within 4 transverse tube sizes at initial pressures higher than 0.2 bar for the propane-oxygen mixture and higher than 0.8 bar for the diluted mixture with 40% of nitrogen. The discharge energy inputs were 0.2—0.3 J. The time of detonation formation was below 0.5 ms for all conditions. Combined with the focussing effect of the converging reducer, the gradient mechanism of detonation formation similar to the one suggested by Zeldovich has been shown to be the governing process. The value of the ignition delay time gradient, formed by non-uniform radical production during streamer discharge and following rapid plasma thermalization, has been estimated to be consistent with the condition on gradient mechanism realization.
A New Spectrum Sharing Trade in Heterogeneous Networks (2013)

Using a mix of macro, pico, femto and relay cells, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), or Small Cell Networks (SCN), are likely to provide a better spectral efficiency per unit area at a lower cost. However, advanced techniques are required to handle the inter-cell interference and deliver the full benefits of such networks. In this paper, we investigate the problem of spectrum sharing in a HetNet composed of a macrocell and several femtocells. We propose a new approach in which macrocell and femtocells can share simultaneously the available bandwidth while avoiding intra-tier interference and helping the macrocell to offload by expanding the cell range of some femtocells. Our approach is formulated as a Stackelberg game in which the macrocell is selling bandwidths to femtocells in exchange of some victim macro-users to serve, mainly the macro-users who undergo severe interference from the neighboring femtocells. We demonstrate that our game theoretic converges to the stable state called Stackelberg Equilibrium analytically and by simulations. More importantly, we show that overall network performance is improved in terms of total femtocells' throughputs and spectral efficiency of the macro-users who are in the vicinity of the femtocells.
Feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal (2016)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal replacing maize (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85% DM). Thirty Santa Inês sheep with an average initial body weight of 21.6 ± 0.87 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with five diets and six replicates. Feeding time in min kg–1 DM and min kg–1 NDFap increased by 34 min and 99.6 min, respectively, with each level of substitution of maize for the peach palm meal. Rumination and chewing times, in min kg–1 DM and min kg–1 NDF, also increased in response to the substitution of maize for peach palm meal. When expressed in min day–1, rumination and chewing activities decreased by 12.4 and 14.6 min, respectively, as the amount of peach palm meal in the concentrate was increased. The time spent idle increased linearly (P &amp;lt; 0.05), by 14.6 min day–1, with the replacement levels, compared with the control diet. Peach palm meal in the composition of sheep diets reduces the intakes of dry matter and fiber and decreases the feed and rumination efficiencies. Replacing maize by peach palm meal increases the feeding time and rumination and chewing activities of feedlot lambs.
(Invited) Are Nanotube Networks the Key to High-Rate, High Capacity Lithium Ion Batteries? (2020)

Increasing the energy storage capability of lithium-ion batteries necessitates maximization of their areal capacity. This requires thick electrodes performing at near-theoretical specific capacity. However, achievable electrode thicknesses are restricted by mechanical instabilities, with high-thickness performance limited by the attainable electrode conductivity. Here we show that forming a segregated network composite of carbon nanotubes with a range of lithium storage materials (for example, silicon, graphite and metal oxide particles) suppresses mechanical instabilities by toughening the composite, allowing the fabrication of high-performance electrodes with thicknesses of up to 800 μm. Such composite electrodes display conductivities up to 1 × 10 4 S m −1 and low charge-transfer resistances, allowing fast charge-delivery and enabling near-theoretical specific capacities, even for thick electrodes. The combination of high thickness and specific capacity leads to areal capacities of up to 45 and 30 mAh cm −2 for anodes and cathodes, respectively. Combining optimized composite anodes and cathodes yields full cells with state-of-the-art areal capacities (29 mAh cm −2 ) and specific/volumetric energies (480 Wh kg −1 and 1,600 Wh l −1 ). However, such thick electrode might be expected to show poor rate performance. Optimisation of the combination of areal capacity and rate performance would be simplified if a simple mechanistic model linked both parameters to electrode properties. Here we demonstrate an equation which can fit capacity versus rate data, outputting three parameters which fully describe rate performance. Most important is the characteristic time associated with charge/discharge which can be linked by a second equation to physical electrode/electrolyte parameters via various rate-limiting processes. We fit these equations to ~200 data sets, deriving parameters such as diffusion coefficients or electrolyte conductivities. It is possible to show which rate-limiting processes are dominant in a given situation, facilitating rational design and cell optimisation. In addition, this model predicts the upper speed limit for lithium/sodium ion batteries, yielding a value that is consistent with the fastest electrodes in the literature. We show that this equation completely describes much experimental rate data.
Hedgehog Signal Transduction: Signal Integration and Cross Talk in Development and Cancer (2006)

Hedgehog (HH) signaling regulates a diversity of processes involved in developmental patterning, stem cell growth and maintenance, and cancer etiology. Despite its biological importance, the HH signal transduction pathway remains largely mysterious. Our past understanding of the HH pathway signaling components and mechanisms came from groundbreaking genetic and biochemical studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Some of these mechanisms are strikingly conserved in vertebrates, although some specific aspects are clearly divergent. In this article, we discuss recent findings for cross talk in HH signal transduction with PI3K signaling through Akt, and with PKC-delta signaling through MEK-1, indicating that these pathways converge to control the Gli transcription factor. The integration of these convergent pathways on the regulation of mammalian Sonic Hedgehog signaling highlights their potential involvement in the control of HH-dependent events in development and tumorigenesis.
The Vapor Pressure of Americium Metal (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Vapor Pressure of Americium MetalStephen C. Carniglia and B. B. CunninghamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1502Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a028Request reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (153 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coordinate Secretion of Acid Hydrolases in Rat Bile (1979)

Three lysosomal glycosidases, beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) have been investigated in bile that was freshly collected from rats through a complete bile fistula. Assay conditions have been established on the basis of appropriate kinetic studies. The biliary excretion patterns for these enzymes were found to vary considerably from rat to rat during the 24-h collection period. In a given animal, however, the three hydrolases were excreted in parallel and showed a gradual increase in activity with time, most marked after 10- 12 h of collection. 24-h biliary outputs of the three hydrolases averaged congruent with3% of their respective contents in total liver, and bile diversion had no effect on hepatic glycosidase activity or total protein content. Other enzymes known to be associated primarily with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell sap were also detected in bile, generally in smaller amounts. The biliary excretion of the plasma membrane markers, alkaline phosphodiesterase I and 5'-nucleotidase, however, was comparable to that of the lysosomal hydrolases. Biliary excretion of total protein was relatively constant and corresponded to 3.0% of the total hepatic protein content per day, whereas biliary bile acid secretion decreased during the first 12 h and then remained constant. Exocytic bulk discharge of hepatocyte lysosomes is proposed as the most likely mechanism for the biliary excretion of lysosomal enzymes. These results call attention to the possible pathophysiologic significance of biliary excretion of hepatic lysosomal contents as a means of residue disposal.
GENERAL PATTERN, 35SO4-INCORPORATION AND INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF GLYCANS IN DEVELOPING SEA URCHIN (ANTHOCIDARIS) EMBRYOS (1980)

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from sea urchin embryos (Anthocidaris crassispina) at various stages with or without pulse <sup>35</sup> SO<sub>4</sub> -labelling was separated into various fractions by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose with a linear NaCl concentration gradient: fraction "P" (nonacidic) and fractions "A" through "F" (of increasing acidities). The <sup>35</sup> SO<sub>4</sub> -radioactivity was negligible in "P" and "A", largest in "B" and "C", and decreased in the other fractions three alphabetical order. During development (hatched blastulae to gastrulae) the glycans in fractions "P" and "A" decreased in amount, whereas those in "E" and "F" increased. "E" contained heparin-like (AMPS-1) and dermatanpolysulfate-like (AMPS-2) GAG in addition to a sulfated fucogalactan-like (E<sub>1</sub> ) glycan. Another sulfated fucogalactan-like (F<sub>1</sub> ) glycan was found in "F". A sulfated polysialic acid-like (S<sub>1</sub> ) glycan was found in "C". An EDTA-extract of gastrulae gave AMPS-2, E<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>1</sub> . The mitochondria-rich fraction gave AMPS-1, whereas the yolk granule-rich fraction gave S<sub>1</sub> . Most of the other still unidentified components in "B", "C", and "D" appeared to be derived from glycoproteins and were mainly located in the crude yolk-mitochondrial and cytosol fractions.