gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining Hedgehog Signaling Inhibition with Focal Irradiation on Reduction of Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis (2013)

Pancreatic cancer often presents in advanced stages and is unresponsive to conventional treatments. Thus, the need to develop novel treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer has never been greater. Here, we report that combination of focal irradiation with hedgehog (Hh) signaling inhibition exerts better than additive effects on reducing metastases. In an orthotopic model, we found that focal irradiation alone effectively reduced primary tumor growth but did not significantly affect metastasis. We hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC) of pancreatic cancer are responsible for the residual tumors following irradiation, which may be regulated by Hh signaling. To test our hypothesis, we showed that tumor metastasis in our model was accompanied by increased expression of CSC cell surface markers as well as Hh target genes. We generated tumor spheres from orthotopic pancreatic and metastatic tumors, which have elevated levels of CSC markers relative to the parental cells and elevated expression of Hh target genes. Irradiation of tumor spheres further elevated CSC cell surface markers and increased Hh target gene expression. Combination of Hh signaling inhibition with radiation had more than additive effects on tumor sphere regeneration in vitro. This phenotype was observed in two independent cell lines. In our orthotopic animal model, focal radiation plus Hh inhibition had more than additive effects on reducing lymph node metastasis. We identified several potential molecules in mediating Hh signaling effects. Taken together, our data provide a rationale for combined use of Hh inhibition with irradiation for clinical treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity and mRNA Expression in a Pancreatic Tumoral Cell Line (AR4-2J) (1992)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for various cell types. Induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is one of the early events triggered in proliferating cells. Our aim was to study the effect of bFGF on ODC activity and ODC mRNA expression in a pancreatic tumoral cell line, AR4-2J. Following kinetic and dose-response studies, we found that maximal stimulation (150% over control) of ODC activity occurred after 3 h of bFGF treatment (10(-9) M), the EC50 being 20 pM. To elucidate the mechanism by which bFGF stimulates ODC activity, we measured the ODC mRNA levels by Northern blot hybridization using a 32P-labeled rat cDNA probe. In AR4-2J cells treated with bFGF at 10(-9) M over 120 min, ODC mRNA expression was transiently increased by 71.6% at 60 min. Furthermore, bFGF was also able to stimulate ODC mRNA synthesis in the presence of cycloheximide. In conclusion, in AR4-2J cells of pancreatic origin, bFGF stimulates ODC gene transcription. This effect contributes to the stimulation of ODC enzymatic activity and to the proliferative effect of bFGF on this cell line.
Two-step phase-shifting algorithm (2003)

A novel two-step phase-shifting algorithm for use in detecting wavefront phase is presented. This algorithm is very insensitive to detuning. The short time needed to acquire and process interferograms helps to minimize phase errors caused by vibration, temperature effects, and nonlinear errors of the piezoelectric transducer. The rms error due to detuning does not change as in classical phase-shifting algorithms with respect to the selected ideal phase shift. The resulting wrapped phase is modulo 2. Finally the phase error is analyzed.
Tightly coupled GIS data in GNSS fix computation with integrity test (2008)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are often used to localize a receiver with respect to a given map. This association problem, also known as map-matching, is usually addressed using estimated positions computed by the GNSS receiver. In this paper we propose a method that combines the cartographic data in the GNSS computation ﬁx itself. We focus on the use of a road network provided by cartographers such as NavTeQ or TeleAtlas. Geo-referenced data is modelled by segments that can be used as constraints or fused with the pseudo-ranges. Using residuals, a new method for tackling the underlying problem of the road selection is proposed. We show that this approach is also well adapted to the integrity problem of map-matching, since a consistency test is derived. Experimental results illustrate the performance of this method with diﬀerent maps.
The Nickel: A History of African-Descended People in Houston’s Fifth Ward (2020)

This paper will chronicle the unique stories that have come to exemplify the larger experience of Fifth Ward as a historically African American district in a rapidly changing city, Houston. Fifth Ward is a district submerged in the Southern memory of a sprawling port city. Its 19th century inception comprised of residents from Eastern Europe, Russia, and other religious groups who were fleeing persecution. Another way to describe Fifth Ward is much closer to the Fifth Ward that I knew as a child—an African American Fifth Ward and, more personally, my grandparents’ neighborhood. The growing prosperity of an early 20th century oil-booming Houston had soon turned the neighborhood into an economic haven, attracting African Americans from rural Louisiana and east Texas. Within the past two decades, Latino communities have populated the area, transforming the previously majority African American ward. Through a qualitative familial research review of historic documents, this paper contains a cultural and economic analysis that will illustrate the unique legacies and challenges of its past and present residents. I will center my personal genealogical roots to connect with larger patterns of change over time for African Americans in this distinct cultural ward.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL ALPHA CLEAVAGE AND FREE‐RADICAL REACTIONS OF SOME DEOXYBENZOINS (1974)

Abstract Aus den Desoxy‐benzoinen (I) entstehen bei der Photolyse die Spalt‐ und Rekombinations‐Produkte (II)‐(V).
System Maintenance Scheduling With Prognostics Information Using Genetic Algorithm (2009)

Condition based maintenance (CBM) aims to balance two extreme sides (i.e., corrective maintenance (CM), and preventive maintenance (PM)) by observing and forecasting the real time health of machines. Recent developments in CBM revealed promising technologies for advanced fault detection, and forecasting. Traditional maintenance scheduling in CBM is based on the threshold setting on forecasted failure probability, or remaining useful life (RUL) for individual components. However, this approach may not give the best result for the system, because individual components are inter-related, and mutually dependent. It is not uncommon in systems that turning off a machine due to failure or maintenance causes other machinery or components to be turned off. Designing a comprehensive tool that optimizes availability & cost of the whole system incorporating prognostics information is crucial to fully benefit from CBM. The goal of this paper is to emphasize this need by demonstrating scenarios in CM, PM, and CBM; and to present a solution that optimizes system availability, and cost with system-maintenance constraints using genetic algorithms. The proposed tool acquires the forecasted failure probability of individual components from the prognostics module, and their reliability expectations after maintenance. The tradeoff between maintenance & failure is quantified in risk as the objective function to be minimized. The risk is minimized utilizing genetic algorithms for the whole system rather than individual components. The results of the proposed tool are compared with PM, CM, and CBM in which prognostics information of components are analyzed individually.
Electrical analysis to fault isolate defects in 6T memory cells (2003)

A simple defect localization scheme for 6 transistor SRAM cells was presented. Parametric measurements for all transistors forming the pull ups and pull downs enable the understanding of the change in feedback behaviour of the memory cell, leading to failure models and defect behaviour. This technique leads to an intuitive and time efficient method to identify failing areas in the memory cell. It underscores the importance of circuit analysis before embarking on physical failure analysis to reduce the area for physical analysis and increase chances of finding the actual defect.
Control of beet cyst‐nematode, Heterodera schachtii, by aldicarb applied to the soil by a vertical band‐reciprocating harrow technique or by rotary cultivation (1987)

SUMMARY As little as 0.8 kg aldicarb ha ‐1 applied to bands of soil 15 cm wide × 15 cm deep, in which sugar beet seeds were sown, increased beet yields as much as did 2.6 or 5.0 kg ha ‐1 rotary cultivated into the top 15 cm of soil lightly or moderately infested with beet cyst‐nematode, Heterodera schachtii. In a very heavily infested soil, 1.7 kg ha ‐1 applied to the bands of soil increased beet yields as much as 2.6 kg ha ‐1 rotavated into the top 15 cm of the soil; yields were further increased by 5.0 and 9.9 kg ha ‐1 rotavated in but not by 3.5 kg ha ‐1 in the bands of soil. Soil populations of the nematode increased little or not at all whether the soil was treated with aldicarb or not. The band treatment was achieved by a vertical band‐ reciprocating harrow technique, which is described. The advantages of this new technique for the control of beet cyst‐nematode and other soil pests of widely spaced row crops are safer application of less pesticide, thereby minimising cost of treatment and any risk to the environment, faster seedbed preparation and adequate control of pest population increase on the susceptible crop, especially if coupled with biological control.
Suppression of Polarization Dependent Loss by Using a Single Birefringent Fiber for Low-Coherence Signal (2012)

Some optical components have polarization dependent loss (PDL), which degrades the performance of optical measurement systems. Various PDL suppression methods have been proposd, most of them have rather complicated structures. In this paper we propose a new simple method for PDL suppression, in which a single birefringent element is concatenated to a PDL device with their birefringent axes offset by π/4. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments, that is, polarization dependent loss variation amplitude V of a device relative to its average loss is reduced from 90% to 2% by using a 2m long PANDA fiber for an LED light source whose central wavelength λ0 and spectral width Δλ are 847nm and 55nm, respectively. Furthermore, for an SLD light source with λ0=1539nm and Δλ=71nm, V as much as 80% is reduced to 2% by using the same PANDA fiber.
IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma have different regulatory effects on IL-4-induced membrane expression of Fc epsilon RIIb and release of soluble Fc epsilon RIIb by human monocytes. (1990)

We used highly purified human monocytes to study the regulation of cell surface and secretion of the low affinity FcR for IgE (Fc epsilon RIIb). IL-4 induces Fc epsilon RIIb expression and soluble Fc epsilon RIIb release in a dose-dependent manner. Significant levels of Fc epsilon RIIb expression were obtained after 12 h of incubation with IL-4 and maximal expression was observed between 24 to 48 h after which the expression declined. Surface expression was followed by secretion of soluble Fc epsilon RIIb which reached maximal levels after 3 to 4 days of incubation and which remained constant throughout 7 days of culture. Induction of Fc epsilon RIIb expression by IL-4 was completely blocked by anti-IL-4 antibodies. Furthermore, IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, low m.w. BCGF and also LPS all failed to induce Fc epsilon RIIb expression, demonstrating the specificity of the induction. Fc epsilon RIIb membrane expression induced by IL-4 was reduced in the presence of IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha. Strong inhibition of IL-4-induced Fc epsilon RIIb expression was observed at IFN-alpha concentrations of 450 U/ml (80%), and 100 U/ml of IFN-gamma reduced IL-4-induced Fc epsilon RIIb expression by 70%. Interestingly, soluble Fc epsilon RIIb release was strongly inhibited by IFN-alpha. In contrast, IFN-gamma did not affect soluble Fc epsilon RIIb release, suggesting that reduced membrane expression of Fc epsilon RIIb observed in the presence of IFN-gamma does not reflect inhibition of Fc epsilon RIIb expression but may represent enhanced cleavage or reduced anchoring in the membrane of Fc epsilon RIIb. Finally, IL-5 that has been shown to enhance IL-4-induced Fc epsilon RII on B cells does not enhance significantly IL-4-induced Fc epsilon RIIb membrane expression or subsequent soluble Fc epsilon RIIb release by monocytes. Taken together these results show that IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma have different regulatory effects on IL-4-induced Fc epsilon RIIb membrane expression and soluble Fc epsilon RIIb release by human monocytes.
Phase Angle-Based Sub-Cycle Algorithm for High-Speed Digital Relaying of Transmission Lines (2022)

Sub-cycle algorithms aid in quick fault detection and isolation by digital relays. A new sub-cycle phase angle-based algorithm, to achieve 3 cycle Circuit Breaker (CB) operation, is proposed in this letter. Half-cycle DFT (HCDFT) is used to estimate the Instantaneous Phase Angles (IPAs) of the fundamental current and voltage. Modified IPAs (MIPAs) are derived from the IPAs. A Sub-Cycle Similarity Index (SCSI), obtained from the MIPAs, is used for Fault Detection (FD) and Fault Classification (FC). A Directional Index (DI) based process, which runs in parallel to FD and FC, is also proposed to distinguish internal and external faults. Simulation results and comparison with previous methods reveal the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in achieving high-speed protection of transmission lines.
A versatile biochip for gene-based diagnostics (2002)

Towards the pursuit of highly automated, cost-effective gene-based diagnostic testing, microfabricated diagnostic systems are being developed to perform sample preparation, assay, detection and information analysis in a miniaturized format. These microfabricated systems exploit the inherent characteristics of microelectronics that accommodate highly parallel assays, ultrasensitive detection, high throughput, integrated data acquisition and computation. The focus of this paper is a miniaturized molecular detection device that is directly coupled to a DNA probe-based diagnostic assay. High detection sensitivities have been reported previously by the authors utilizing this proximal CCD approach for fluorescent and radioisotope reporter groups. The present work demonstrates quantitative detection and imaging capabilities for both flash (acridinium ester) and glow (dioxetane-based) chemiluminescent reporter groups used in DNA/RNA-based diagnostics. A detection limit of 0.9 fmole was demonstrated with immobilized AE reporter groups within a 0.3 second integration time. Also highly resolved images of labeled DNA hybridized to probe arrays was achieved with dioxitane-based chemiluminescence with high selectivity. These recent chemiluminescent results combined with the previous fluorescent and radioisotope feasibility demonstrate the versatility of proximal CCD detection and imaging for DNA-based diagnostics.
Social Embedding of Changes in Progress (1998)

L'A. examine un certain nombre de changements linguistiques en cours, dans une region ou le dialecte standard de l'anglais canadien est en contact etroit avec l'anglais americain. Parmi ces changements se trouvent le remplacement lexical de chesterfield par couch et de serviette par napkin, la prononciation de leisure ou [i:] remplace [e], l'abandon du yod dans news et student, la perte du WH dans which et whine, et le remplacement morphologique de dived par dove et de sneaked par snuck. La cause de ces changements est, d'une maniere conventionnelle, attribuee a l'americanisation. L'A. montre ici, en considerant l'histoire et la complexite de ces changements, que ce point de vue est trop simpliste
Reversible Restructuring of Silver Particles during Ethylene Epoxidation (2018)

The restructuring of a silver catalyst during ethylene epoxidation under industrially relevant conditions was investigated without and with vinyl chloride (VC) promotion. During non-VC-promoted ethylene epoxidation, the silver particles grow and voids are formed at the surface and in the bulk. Electron tomography highlighted the presence of voids below the Ag surface. A mechanism is proposed involving reconstruction of the silver lattice and defect sites induced by oxygen adsorption on the external surface and grain boundaries, which finally create pores. Promotion of the catalytic reaction by VC suppresses to a significant extent void formation. The use of VC also redisperses silver particles, initially grown during ethylene epoxidation without VC. This process is rapid as the average size decreased from 172 to 136 nm within 2 h. These insights emphasize the dynamic nature of the silver particles during the ongoing ethylene epoxidation reaction and indicate that particle size and morphology strongly depend on reaction conditions.
Cloning and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis hemEHY gene cluster, which encodes protoheme IX biosynthetic enzymes (1992)

Mutations that cause a block in a late step of the protoheme IX biosynthetic pathway, i.e., in a step after uroporphyrinogen III, map at 94 degrees on the Bacillus subtilis chromosomal genetic map. We have cloned and sequenced the hem genes at this location. The sequenced region contains six open reading frames: ponA, hemE, hemH, hemY, ORFA, and ORFB. The ponA gene product shows over 30% sequence identity to penicillin-binding proteins 1A of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus oralis and probably has a role in cell wall metabolism. The hemE gene was identified from amino acid sequence comparisons as encoding uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase. The hemH gene was identified by enzyme activity analysis of the HemH protein expressed in E. coli. It encodes a water-soluble ferrochelatase which catalyzes the final step in protoheme IX synthesis, the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX. The function of the hemY gene product was not elucidated, but mutation analysis shows that it is required for a late step in protoheme IX synthesis. The hemY gene probably encodes an enzyme with coproporphyrinogen III oxidase or protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity or both of these activities. Inactivation of the ORFA and ORFB genes did not block protoheme IX synthesis. Preliminary evidence for a hemEHY mRNA was obtained, and a promoter region located in front of hemE was identified. From these combined results we conclude that the hemEHY gene cluster encodes enzymes for the synthesis of protoheme IX from uroporphyrinogen III and probably constitutes an operon.
Thermally Responsive Torsional and Tensile Fiber Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide (2018)

Graphene-based actuators are of practical interest because of their relatively low cost compared with other nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes. We demonstrate the simple fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)-based fibers with an infiltrated nylon-6,6 polymer by wet spinning. These fibers could be twisted to form torsional actuators and further coiled to form tensile actuators. By controlling the relative twisting and coiling direction of the GO/nylon fiber, we were able to realize reversible contraction or elongation actuation with strokes as high as -80 and 75%, respectively, when the samples were heated to 200 °C. The tensile actuation showed a remarkably little hysteresis. Moreover, this GO/nylon actuator could lift loads over 100 times heavier than itself and generate a stable actuation at high temperatures over the melting point of the polymer. This novel kind of GO-based actuator, which has a multidirectional actuation, has potential for a wide range of applications such as artificial muscles, robotics, and temperature sensing.
4-1BB Signaling Synergizes with Programmed Death Ligand 1 Blockade To Augment CD8 T Cell Responses during Chronic Viral Infection (2011)

Previous studies have identified the inhibitory role that the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway plays during chronic infection. Blockade of this pathway results in rescue of viral-specific CD8 T cells, as well as reduction of viral loads in mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We tested the effect of combining PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade with an agonistic regimen that induces 4-1BB costimulation during chronic LCMV infection. There is a boosting effect in the rescue of LCMV-specific CD8 T cell responses after dual treatment with PD-L1 blockade and 4-1BB agonistic Abs when the amount and timing of 4-1BB costimulation are carefully controlled. When PD-L1-blocking Abs are given together with a single low dose of anti-4-1BB agonistic Abs, there is an enhanced and stable expansion of viral-specific CD8 T cells. Conversely, when blocking Abs to PD-L1 are given with a repetitive high dose of anti-4-1BB, there is an initial synergistic expansion of viral-specific CD8 T cells by day 7, followed by dramatic apoptosis by day 14. Viral control paralleled CD8 T cell kinetics after dual treatment. By day 7 posttreatment, viral titers were lower in both of the combined regimens (compared with PD-L1 blockade alone). However, whereas the high dose of anti-4-1BB plus PD-L1 blockade resulted in rebound of viral titers to original levels, the low dose of anti-4-1BB plus PD-L1 blockade resulted in a stable reduction of viral loads. These findings demonstrate the importance of carefully manipulating the balance between activating and inhibitory signals to enhance T cell responses during chronic infection.
High-dose melphalan for multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up data. (1994)

Single-agent HDM without autologous bone marrow transplantation is a feasible therapeutic option in myeloma, and is associated with a high objective response rate, relatively long remission durations, and good symptom control.
James R. Bartholomew. The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1989. Pp. vii + 371. ISBN 0-300-04261-2. £25.00, $36.00. (1990)

James R. Bartholomew. The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1989. Pp. vii + 371. ISBN 0-300-04261-2. £25.00, $36.00. - Volume 23 Issue 4
Light-Weight Hybrid Convolutional Network for Liver Tumor Segmentation (2019)

Automated segmentation of liver tumors in contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is essential in assisting medical professionals to evaluate tumor development and make fast therapeutic schedule. Although deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have contributed many breakthroughs in image segmentation, this task remains challenging, since 2D DCNNs are incapable of exploring the inter-slice information and 3D DCNNs are too complex to be trained with the available small dataset. In this paper, we propose the light-weight hybrid convolutional network (LW-HCN) to segment the liver and its tumors in CT volumes. Instead of combining a 2D and a 3D networks for coarse-to-fine segmentation, LW-HCN has a encoder-decoder structure, in which 2D convolutions used at the bottom of the encoder decreases the complexity and 3D convolutions used in other layers explore both spatial and temporal information. To further reduce the complexity, we design the depthwise and spatiotemporal separate (DSTS) factorization for 3D convolutions, which not only reduces parameters dramatically but also improves the performance. We evaluated the proposed LW-HCN model against several recent methods on the LiTS and 3D-IRCADb datasets and achieved, respectively, the Dice per case of 73.0% and 94.1% for tumor segmentation, setting a new state of the art.