gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonance Raman spectra of cytochrome c oxidase. Excitation in the 600-nm region (1979)

The resonance Raman (RR) spectra of oxidized, reduced, and oxidized cyanide-bound cytochrome c oxidase with excitation at several wavelengths in the 600-nm region are presented. No evidence is found for laser-induced photoreduction of the oxidized protein with irradiation at lambda approximately 600 nm at 195 K, in contrast to the predominance of this process upon irradiation in the Soret region at this temperature. The Raman spectra of all three protein species are very similar, and there are no Raman bands which are readily assignable to either cytochrome a or cytochrome a3 exclusively. The Raman spectra of the three protein species do, however, exhibit a number of bands not observed in the RR spectra of other hemoproteins upon exicitation in their visible absorption bands. In particular, strong Raman bands are observed in the low-frequency region of the RR spectra (less than 500 cm-1). The frequencies of these bands are similar to those of the copper-ligand vibrations observed in the RR spectra of type 1 copper proteins upon excitation in the 600-nm absorption band characteristic of these proteins. In cytochrome c oxidase, these bands do not disappear upon reduction of the protein and, therefore, cannot be attributed to copper-ligand vibrations. Thus, all the observed RR bands are associated with the two heme A moieties in the enzyme.
Effects Of Supine Lower Body Negative Pressure Exercise On Sprint And Balance In Women And Men After 30 Days Of Bedrest In 6 Degree Head Down Tilt (2005)

INTRODUCTION Muscle mass and bone density decrease during exposure to microgravity and neuromotor function is impaired. Exercise protocols must be developed that minimize these losses during prolonged spaceflight. PURPOSE We hypothesized supine treadmill exercise against lower body negative pressure (LBNP) would prevent losses of sprint and balance ability in subjects exposed to prolonged microgravity, simulated by 6-degree head down bed rest (BR). METHODS Fifteen sets of identical twins (female, n = 7; male, n = 8) completed a 30-day BR study. They were tested pre- and post-BR for sprint time and walk back over 30.5m, one foot rail balance with eyes closed (EC) (up to 30 sec), rail walk balance down a 4.9m beam with eyes open (EO). Each twin was randomly assigned to: 1) an experimental group that ran on a vertically oriented treadmill 40 minutes, 6 days per week against −55 ± 4mmHg LBNP (EXP) or 2) a control group that did no exercise (CON). Rail walk performance was determined by averaging percent distance traveled divided by total time. Pre- and post-BR results were compared using repeated measures ANOVA, and are reported as mean±SD. RESULTS The male CON group had significantly shorter (p<0.05) left foot balance times EC POST 7.5 ± 7.5 s versus PRE 23.6 ± 11.9 s. Rail walk (EO) was significantly less (p<0.05) POST 8.8 ± 3.2%d/t versus PRE 10.2 ± 3.6%d/t with no differences between any other groups. Female CON subjects had significantly slower sprint times after bed rest (Pre: 6.1±04; Post: 8.7±1.4 sec). All other groups maintained sprint times pre- and post-BR. Walk back times were significantly slower in all groups after bed rest (Pre: 23.2±1.8; Post: 26.8±4.6sec). Left foot balance (EO) was significantly less (p<0.05) POST 27.04±5.2s versus PRE 30±0 s. CONCLUSION The results suggest exercise in LBNP may maintain sprint times in female subjects and some balance parameters after 30 days of bedrest in 6 degree head-down tilt. Supported by NASA grant#NAG9-1425 & NIH grant M01 RR00827 to the UCSD GCRC
Protein Interaction Profiling of the p97 Adaptor UBXD1 Points to a Role for the Complex in Modulating ERGIC-53 Trafficking (2012)

UBXD1 is a member of the poorly understood subfamily of p97 adaptors that do not harbor a ubiquitin association domain or bind ubiquitin-modified proteins. Of clinical importance, p97 mutants found in familial neurodegenerative conditions Inclusion Body Myopathy Paget's disease of the bone and/or Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis are defective at interacting with UBXD1, indicating that functions regulated by a p97-UBXD1 complex are altered in these diseases. We have performed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of UBXD1-interacting proteins to identify pathways in which UBXD1 functions. UBXD1 displays prominent association with ERGIC-53, a hexameric type I integral membrane protein that functions in protein trafficking. The UBXD1-ERGIC-53 interaction requires the N-terminal 10 residues of UBXD1 and the C-terminal cytoplasmic 12 amino acid tail of ERGIC-53. Use of p97 and E1 enzyme inhibitors indicate that complex formation between UBXD1 and ERGIC-53 requires the ATPase activity of p97, but not ubiquitin modification. We also performed SILAC-based quantitative proteomic profiling to identify ERGIC-53 interacting proteins. This analysis identified known (e.g. COPI subunits) and novel (Rab3GAP1/2 complex involved in the fusion of vesicles at the cell membrane) interactions that are also mediated through the C terminus of the protein. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis confirmed the proteomic interaction data and it also revealed that an UBXD1-Rab3GAP association requires the ERGIC-53 binding domain of UBXD1. Localization studies indicate that UBXD1 modules the sub-cellular trafficking of ERGIC-53, including promoting movement to the cell membrane. We propose that p97-UBXD1 modulates the trafficking of ERGIC-53-containing vesicles by controlling the interaction of transport factors with the cytoplasmic tail of ERGIC-53.
An ultrasonic system for diameter pulse tracking in arteries: Problems and pitfalls (1993)

Non-invasive ultrasonic techniques for measuring the mechanical behaviour of large arteries have a potential clinical application for physiological studies of the circulation and early detection of degenerative arterial disorders. A newly developed system for such purposes, comprising two double-echo trackers with zero-crossing phase-locked circuits and interfacing a B-mode real-time scanner, has been introduced for on-line recording of the diameter in a selected aortic segment. The aim of this report is to draw attention to the limitations of the technique in order to avoid misinterpretation of results. The various problems associated with the use of phase-locked echo followers for tracking sonic echoes of vessel pulse waves are summarized. The high spatial resolution of the measuring system is essential for estimating the elastic properties of the vessel, because the fractional changes of the diameter waveform during a heart cycle are small compared with the swings of intravascular pressure. Measuring errors may originate from either human or technical sources. From several viewpoints correct alignment of the ultrasonic beam vis-à-vis the vessel segment under consideration is crucial for obtaining valid measures. A thorough knowledge of the physics involved is essential for an adequate use of the instrument. With correct use, easily reproducible and reliable estimations are obtained of the mechanical properties of large vessel walls.
Synthesis of fused sulfonamide (1,1-dioxoisothiazole)substituted 1,5-diarylpyrazoles as cyclooxygenase inhibitors (2003)

Chemistry, Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500 049, India E-mail : manojitpal @drreddys.com; koteswarraoy @drreddys.com Fax : 91-40-23045438/23045007 <em>Manuscript received 15 October 2003</em> First synthesis of novel 1,1-dioxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[<em>d</em>]isothiazolyl substituted 1,5-diarylpyrazoles has been accomplished via oxidative cyclization of 4-nuoro-2-methyl benzenesulfonamide followed by the treatment with hydrazine and then with 1,3- dicarbonyl compounds. A number of 1,5-diarylpyrazoles were synthesized in good yields and some of them were of potential biological interest.
A Group Electronegativity Equalization Scheme Including External Potential Effects (2006)

By calculating the electron affinity and ionization energy of different functional groups, CCSD electronegativity values are obtained, which implicitly account for the effect of the molecular environment. This latter is approximated using a chemically justified point charge model. On the basis of Sanderson's electronegativity equalization principle, this approach is shown to lead to reliable "group in molecule" electronegativities. Using a slight adjustment of the modeled environment and first-order principles, an electronegativity equalization scheme is obtained, which implicitly accounts for the major part of the external potential effect. This scheme can be applied in a predictive manner to estimate the charge transfer between two functional groups, without having to rely on cumbersome calibrations. A very satisfactory correlation is obtained between these charge transfers and those obtained from an ab initio calculation of the entire molecule.
An Acyl-CoA Synthase (acoas) Gene Adjacent to the Mycocerosic Acid Synthase (mas) Locus Is Necessary for Mycocerosyl Lipid Synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosisvar. bovis BCG (1998)

An open reading frame, ORF3, first identified adjacent to the mycocerosic acid synthase gene in Mycobacterium bovis BCG encodes a protein with acyl-CoA synthase (ACoAS) activity. Genes homologous to acoas are found adjacent to other multifunctional polyketide synthase genes in the mycobacterial genome. To test whether these gene products are necessary to esterify the fatty acids generated by the adjacent polyketide synthase gene products, the acoas gene was disrupted in M. bovis BCG using a suicide vector containing the acoas gene with an internal deletion and the hygromycin-resistant gene as selection marker. Allelic exchange at the acoas locus was confirmed by Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction amplification of both flanking regions expected from homologous recombination. Immunoblot analysis indicated that the 65-kDa ACoAS protein product was absent in the mutant. Chromatographic analysis of lipids derived from [1-14C]propionate showed that the mutant did not produce mycocerosyl lipids, although it produced normal levels of mycocerosic acid synthase. These results suggest that ACoAS is involved in the synthesis of mycocerosyl lipids of the mycobacterial cell wall.
Photoaddition of Vinyl Ethers to N-Methylphtalimide. Competing 2+2 Processes (1978)

The photochemical addition of vinyl alkyl ethers to N-methylphthalimide to give 3.4-benzo-6,7-dihydro-1- methylazepine-2,s-diones in a ?r2 + a2 process is found to compete with the ?r2 + 7r2 Paterno-Buchi reaction in this system.The photochemical reactions of phthalimides have been the subject of numerous recent reports.The system undergoes a variety of photoreactions common to other carbonyl compounds including Type I1 and photoreduction reactions.' We recently reported2 the novel addition of a series of dienes to N-methylphthalimide (1) to give 6-substituted 3,4-benzo--
Differential evolution classifier with optimized distance measures from a pool of distances (2012)

In this article we propose a differential evolution based nearest prototype classifier with extension to selecting the applied distance measure from a pool of alternative measures optimally for the particular data set at hand. The proposed method extends the earlier differential evolution based nearest prototype classifier by extending the optimization process to cover also the selection of distance measure instead of optimizing only the parameters related with a preselected and fixed distance measure. Now the optimization process is seeking also for the best distance measure providing the highest classification accuracy over the selected data set. It has been clear for some time that in classification, the usual euclidean distance measure is sometimes not the best possible choice. Still usually not much has been done for it, and in many cases where some consideration to this problem is given, there has only been testing with a couple of alternative distance measures to find which one provides the highest classification accuracy over the current data set. In this paper we attempt to take one step further by not only enumerating a couple of alternative distance measures, but applying a systematic optimization process to select the best distance measure from a pool of multiple alternative distance measures. In parallel, within the same optimization process, the optimal parameter values related to each alternative distance measures are determined as well as the optimal class prototype vectors for the given data. The empirical results represented are indicating that with several data sets the optimal distance measure is some other measure than the most commonly applied euclidean distance. The results are also suggesting that from the classification accuracy point of view the proposed global optimization approach has high potential in solving classification problems of the studied type. Perhaps the most generally applicable conclusion from our results is, that emphasizing of selection of distance measure is more important to classification accuracy that it has been commonly believed so far.
HAT: Head-Worn Assistive Teleoperation of Mobile Manipulators (2022)

Mobile manipulators in the home can provide increased autonomy to individuals with severe motor impairments, who often cannot complete activities of daily living (ADLs) without the help of a caregiver. Teleoperation of an assistive mobile manipulator could enable an individual with motor impairments to independently perform self-care and household tasks, yet limited motor function can impede one's ability to interface with a robot. In this work, we present a unique inertial-based wearable assistive interface, embedded in a familiar head-worn garment, for individuals with severe motor impairments to teleoperate and perform physical tasks with a mobile manipulator. We evaluate this wearable interface with both able-bodied (N = 16) and individuals with motor impairments (N = 2) for performing ADLs and everyday household tasks. Our results show that the wearable interface enabled participants to complete physical tasks with low error rates, high perceived ease of use, and low workload measures. Overall, this inertial-based wearable serves as a new assistive interface option for control of mobile manipulators in the home.
8-Bit Approximations for Parallelism in Deep Learning (2016)

Abstract: The creation of practical deep learning data-products often requires parallelization across processors and computers to make deep learning feasible on large data sets, but bottlenecks in communication bandwidth make it difficult to attain good speedups through parallelism. Here we develop and test 8-bit approximation algorithms which make better use of the available bandwidth by compressing 32-bit gradients and nonlinear activations to 8-bit approximations. We show that these approximations do not decrease predictive performance on MNIST, CIFAR10, and ImageNet for both model and data parallelism and provide a data transfer speedup of 2x relative to 32-bit parallelism. We build a predictive model for speedups based on our experimental data, verify its validity on known speedup data, and show that we can obtain a speedup of 50x and more on a system of 96 GPUs compared to a speedup of 23x for 32-bit. We compare our data types with other methods and show that 8-bit approximations achieve state-of-the-art speedups for model parallelism. Thus 8-bit approximation is an efficient method to parallelize convolutional networks on very large systems of GPUs.
Elektroforese en plantenveredelingsonderwijs. (1986)

Een standaardmethode is beschreven voor de zuiverheidscontrole van zaden van koolgewassen, uitgewerkt als practicumproef voor grote groepen tweedejaars studenten plantenveredeling. Het principe van de methode, de proefuitvoering en het resultaat zijn uiteengezet
Simplified oral pancreatic function test. (1988)

The standard Bentiromide test and a new modified test using p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as a pharmacokinetic marker for p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) have been evaluated in the detection of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in children. The conventional two day test using a colorimetric assay for urinary PABA discriminated poorly between five children with pancreatic insufficiency and 13 others with normal pancreatic function. Two further groups of patients, comprising 28 with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and 20 with normal pancreatic function underwent the modified test, and urine samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed a complete separation between groups. The use of PAS eliminates a number of sources of error inherent in a two day Bentiromide test and provides a simplified and accurate diagnostic test for pancreatic insufficiency. The PABA-PAS modified test enables collection of the urine to be done during a single six hour period.
Effect of Soybean Oil Fatty Acid Composition and Selenium Application on Biodiesel Properties (2011)

Abstract Biodiesel consisting principally of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) has been reported to have the optimal balance between cold flow properties and oxidative stability, therefore producing a superior fuel. In addition, treating biodiesel with antioxidants such as selenium (Se) also increases oxidative stability. Fuel properties including acid value (AV), cloud point (CP), iodine value (IV), pour point (PP), peroxide value (PV), induction period (IP), onset temperature (OT), and kinematic viscosity (KV) were used to evaluate a newly developed Roundup Ready ® soybean recombinant inbred line (RIL) and a commercial cultivar. The RIL had a fatty acid profile with elevated levels of monounsaturated FAME. TN07‐93RR was determined as the more desirable line for production of biodiesel, based on its fatty acid composition and subsequent fuel properties. The commercial cultivar AG3906 contained the highest abundance of polyunsaturated FAME and exhibited comparatively high IV and low oxidative stability. AG3906 was therefore not acceptable under the European biodiesel standard, EN 14214. However, TN07‐93RR and AG3906 both were considered satisfactory according to the American biodiesel standard, ASTM D6751. Foliar treatment of soybean plants with varying amounts of Se had no effect on subsequent biodiesel oxidative stabilities.
Gbps Terahertz External Modulator Based on a Composite Metamaterial with a Double-Channel Heterostructure (2015)

The past few decades have witnessed a substantial increase in terahertz (THz) research. Utilizing THz waves to transmit communication and imaging data has created a high demand for phase and amplitude modulation. However, current active THz devices, including modulators and switches, still cannot meet THz system demands. Double-channel heterostructures, an alternative semiconductor system, can support nanoscale two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) with high carrier concentration and mobility and provide a new way to develop active THz devices. In this Letter, we present a composite metamaterial structure that combines an equivalent collective dipolar array with a double-channel heterostructure to obtain an effective, ultrafast, and all-electronic grid-controlled THz modulator. Electrical control allows for resonant mode conversion between two different dipolar resonances in the active device, which significantly improves the modulation speed and depth. This THz modulator is the first to achieve a 1 GHz modulation speed and 85% modulation depth during real-time dynamic tests. Moreover, a 1.19 rad phase shift was realized. A wireless free-space-modulation THz communication system based on this external THz modulator was tested using 0.2 Gbps eye patterns. Therefore, this active composite metamaterial modulator provides a basis for the development of effective and ultrafast dynamic devices for THz wireless communication and imaging systems.
Influence of Strength and Reactivity of Formed Coke on Reaction, Heat Transfer and Permeability in Lower Part of Blast Furnace (1997)

The influence of formed coke properties on the phenomena in the lower part of the blast furnace has been researched with two kinds of model experiment in order to establish the formed coke using technology.First, the influence of physical properties of formed coke on the deadman structure was investigated using a semicircular model capable of simulating the heat transfer in the furnace.The deadman having low void fraction is generated during using formed coke due to the formed coke properties with high bulk density and low void fraction. This structure results in the increase of metal hold-up, suppresses the gas entering into the deadman and leads to the lack of heat in this area.In order to improve the deadman structure for smooth gas entering, it is effective to charge 50mass% formed coke in the peripheral area or to mix 50mass% formed coke with normal coke previously.Second, the influence of strength and reactivity of formed coke on the reaction and permeability was investigated using a 90° sector model capable of simulating the reaction and heat transfer in the lower part of the furnace.The fine coke generation in the raceway can be suppressed and the permeability is kept stably by use of formed coke having higher strength at room temperature than normal coke.High reactive formed coke is burnt rapidly in the raceway, resulting in the acceleration of pulverized coal heating and combustion. The use of high reactive formed coke leads to the improvement of reducing efficiency of the furnace due to the decrease of CO2 gasification temperature and the increase of CO gas amount.
Clustering intrusion detection alarms to support root cause analysis (2003)

It is a well-known problem that intrusion detection systems overload their human operators by triggering thousands of alarms per day. This paper presents a new approach for handling intrusion detection alarms more efficiently. Central to this approach is the notion that each alarm occurs for a reason, which is referred to as the alarm's root causes . This paper observes that a few dozens of rather persistent root causes generally account for over 90% of the alarms that an intrusion detection system triggers. Therefore, we argue that alarms should be handled by identifying and removing the most predominant and persistent root causes. To make this paradigm practicable, we propose a novel alarm-clustering method that supports the human analyst in identifying root causes. We present experiments with real-world intrusion detection alarms to show how alarm clustering helped us identify root causes. Moreover, we show that the alarm load decreases quite substantially if the identified root causes are eliminated so that they can no longer trigger alarms in the future.