gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amorphous SiGe:H photodetectors on glass optical waveguides (1990)

Amorphous SiGe:H thin-film photodetectors integrated with ion-exchanged optical waveguides on glass are discussed. The lateral coupling between single-mode waveguide and detector is provided via an intermediate indium-tin-oxide transparent electrode located above the waveguide, followed by a p-i-n photodetector. The optical coupling between waveguide and detector depends strongly on the polarization of the incoming optical mode in the waveguide. Using a random optical bitstream in the waveguide, the detector, which is not yet optimized, responds to signals up to about 20 Mb/s NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cholesterol in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (2008)

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease,which characterized by extracellular amyloid β-peptide(Aβ)plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles(NFT).Recently,it was reported that there is a close relationship between cholesterol and AD,not only the deposition of Aβ but also the generation of NFT is controlled by the level of cholesterol in the brain.Moreover,the fact that apolipoprotein E plays a great role in this processe is commonly realized.This review summarized the progress of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Electric field induced nucleation: An alternative pathway to metallic hydrogen (2011)

Electric field induced nucleation is introduced as a possible mechanism to realize a metallic phase of hydrogen. Analytical expressions are derived for the nucleation probabilities of both thermal and quantum nucleation in terms of material parameters, temperature, and the applied field. Our results show that the insulator-metal transition can be driven by an electric field within a reasonable temperature range and at much lower pressures than the current paradigm of P &gt; 400 GPa. Both static and oscillating fields are considered and practical implementations are discussed.
Abstract 13944: J Relationship of Body Mass Index of 22-year Cardiovascular Disease Mortality versus Body Mass Index (2015)

Introduction: J relationships of body mass index (BMI) with mortality have been described. However, little data are available on long-term follow-up in controlled clinical trials with respect to cardiovascular (CV) and all cause mortality. Hypothesis: We tested whether there is a J shape relationship between BMI with CV and all cause mortality at 22 years in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Methods: SHEP was a placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial of antihypertensive therapy in patients with isolated systolic hypertension aged 60 and older. The relationship between CV and all cause mortality with baseline BMI was examined in 4,211 SHEP participants. Results: In unadjusted analyses, a J relationship was observed for all-cause mortality (linear term p=0.0318, quadratic term p=0.3217 and tricubic term p=0.0046) and for CV mortality (linear term p=0.0962, quadratic term p=0.6866 and tricubic term p=0.0908, left figure). The lowest risk was at a BMI of 25.9 for all-cause and 25.5 for CV mortality. The J shaped relationship between BMI and mortality was attenuated after adjustment for age, gender, comorbidities (e.g. diabetes, heart failure) and risk factors for CV disease (e.g. smoking and dyslipidemia, right figure). Age and gender were significant predictors of both all- cause and CV mortality: age p&lt;0.0001, female gender p=0.0063 for all-cause mortality and p&lt;0.0001 for age and p=0.0004 for female gender for CV mortality. &lt;br/Conclusions: This study indicates that both very low and very high BMI are markers of high risk. The J relationship between BMI and mortality is mediated by age, female gender, comorbidities and risk factors for CV disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazoline N‐Oxide‐Mediated [2 + 3] Cycloadditions. Application to a Synthesis of (‐)‐Tetrahydrolipstatin. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Inhibitory Ig Superfamily Protein Expressed by Lymphocytes and APCs Is Also an Early Marker of Thymocyte Positive Selection (2004)

Positive selection of developing thymocytes is associated with changes in cell function, at least in part caused by alterations in expression of cell surface proteins. Surprisingly, however, few such proteins have been identified. We have analyzed the pattern of gene expression during the early stages of murine thymocyte differentiation. These studies led to identification of a cell surface protein that is a useful marker of positive selection and is a likely regulator of mature lymphocyte and APC function. The protein is a member of the Ig superfamily and contains conserved tyrosine-based signaling motifs. The gene encoding this protein was independently isolated recently and termed B and T lymphocyte attenuator (Btla). We describe in this study anti-BTLA mAbs that demonstrate that the protein is expressed in the bone marrow and thymus on developing B and T cells, respectively. BTLA is also expressed by all mature lymphocytes, splenic macrophages, and mature, but not immature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Although mice deficient in BTLA do not show lymphocyte developmental defects, T cells from these animals are hyperresponsive to anti-CD3 Ab stimulation. Conversely, anti-BTLA Ab can inhibit T cell activation. These results implicate BTLA as a negative regulator of the activation and/or function of various hemopoietic cell types.
Adsorption of Chromium(VI) on Chitosan‐Coated Perlite (2003)

Chitosan‐coated perlite beads were prepared by drop‐wise addition of a liquid slurry containing chitosan and perlite to an alkaline bath. The beads were characterized by SEM and EDS x‐ray microanalysis. The chitosan content of the beads was 23%, as determined by a pyrolysis method. Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions on chitosan‐coated perlite beads was studied under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions. The effect of pH on adsorption was also investigated. The data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of chitosan‐coated perlite was found to be 104 mg/g of adsorbent from a solution containing 5000 ppm of Cr(VI). On the basis of chitosan, the capacity was 452 mg/g of chitosan. The capacity was considerably higher than that of chitosan in its natural and modified forms, which was in the range of 11.3 to 78 mg/g of chitosan. The beads loaded with chromium were regenerated with sodium hydroxide solution of different concentrations. A limited number of adsorption‐desorption cycles indicated that the chitosan‐coated beads could be regenerated and reused to remove Cr(VI) from waste streams.
Achlorhydria by ezrin knockdown (2005)

Loss of gastric acid secretion is pathologically known as achlorhydria. Acid-secreting parietal cells are characterized by abundant expression of ezrin (Vil2), one of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins, which generally cross-link actin filaments with plasma membrane proteins. Here, we show the direct in vivo involvement of ezrin in gastric acid secretion. Ezrin knockout (Vil2(-/-)) mice did not survive >1.5 wk after birth, making difficult to examine gastric acid secretion. We then generated ezrin knockdown (Vil2(kd/kd)) mice by introducing a neomycin resistance cassette between exons 2 and 3. Vil2(kd/kd) mice born at the expected Mendelian ratio exhibited growth retardation and a high mortality. Approximately 7% of Vil2(kd/kd) mice survived to adulthood. Ezrin protein levels in Vil2(kd/kd) stomachs decreased to <5% of the wild-type levels without compensatory up-regulation of radixin or moesin. Adult Vil2(kd/kd) mice suffered from severe achlorhydria. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that this achlorhydria was caused by defects in the formation/expansion of canalicular apical membranes in gastric parietal cells.
Multiple preprosomatostatin sorting signals mediate secretion via discrete cAMP- and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate-responsive pathways. (1991)

We have previously detected a sorting signal in the amino-terminal 78 residues of rat preprosomatostatin (rPPSS) that targets the precursor into a regulated secretory pathway or pathways allowing proteolytic maturation (Sevarino, K. A., Stork, P., Ventimiglia, R., Mandel, G., and Goodman, R. H. (1989) Cell 57, 11-19). To further localize this signal, we constructed three rPPSS expression vectors that code for substitutions or mutations spanning that portion of rPPSS implicated in sorting, and the precursors were expressed in RIN 5F cells. Fractionation of the intracellular products revealed that accurate processing to somatostatin-14 (SS-14) was not affected by any of the mutations. Examination of the secreted products showed no reduction in processing efficiency, indicating that none of the mutations blocked sorting from constitutive into regulated secretion. Finally, we examined the response to two separate secretogogues, cAMP and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Clones expressing two of the three mutant precursors displayed the same stimulation of SS-14 secretion by exogenously administered cAMP and TPA as cells expressing wild-type rPPSS, indicating that targeting specifically to the secretory pathway, or pathways, responsive to cAMP and TPA was not disrupted. However, cells expressing the mutant precursor containing a substitution of the amino-terminal 34 residues of rPPSS by the amino terminus of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein displayed greatly reduced stimulation of SS-14 secretion by TPA, with a less than compensatory increase in response to cAMP, when compared to cells expressing wild-type rPPSS. In conjunction with our previous studies with anglerfish preprosomatostatins, we conclude that 1) the sorting signal(s) in rPPSS necessary for cAMP-responsive secretion are redundant and probably reside within both mature peptide regions and extrapeptide regions; 2) two or more distinct regulated secretory pathways utilized by secreted peptides can be demonstrated in transfected endocrine cells and targeting to these pathways can be separately mediated by at least two different types of sorting signals within the neuropeptide precursor itself; and 3) pro-region conformation plays little role in prosomatostatin-processing site recognition.
Aptamers Influence the Hemostatic System by Activating the Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway in an In Vitro Chandler-Loop Model (2008)

One class of oligonucleotides with a high potential for use in medical applications is short nucleic acids, widely known as aptamers. Although several aptamers are already being used clinically, there are very few studies dealing with the impact aptamers have on the hemostatic system. In this study, we have performed a comprehensive evaluation of the hemostatic system including coagulation, platelets, complement, and inflammatory activation by using different aptamer concentrations and fresh human whole blood in a well-established flow model. We found that single-stranded aptamers did not have a negative influence on platelets, complement, or inflammation but were able to activate factor XII, kallikrein, and prothrombin in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, the influence of aptamers on the coagulation system should be taken into consideration before the use of any aptamer-based drugs in patients.
MicroRNA‐Triggered Nanozymes Cascade Reaction for Tumor‐Specific Chemodynamic Therapy (2021)

Off-target toxicity and insufficient hydroxyl radicals (<sup>.</sup> OH) generation limit the further clinical application of nanozymes in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Herein, we designed and constructed a microRNA-triggered nanozyme cascade platform for enhanced tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy. The nanozyme-based cascade reaction could be triggered successfully by the high expression of microRNA in cancer cells to generate more <sup>.</sup> OH, thus exhibiting excellent tumor-specific therapeutic performance. Our work provides a new dimension for tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy.
Fungal Resistance of Southern Pine Impregnated With Methyl Fluorophenyl Carbamates or Reacted With Fluorophenyl Isocyanates (1990)

Fluorine substituents in the phenyl ring of methyl fluorophenyl carbamates and fluorophenyl isocyanates werc varied to determine the influence of fluorine substituents on fungal resistance of wood containing them.In southern pine impregnated with methyl fluorophenyl carbamates, increased fluorine substitution of the phenyl ring increased fungal resistance.Methyl pentafluorophenyl carbamate and methyl meta-trifluoromethylphenyl carbamate were the most effective preservatives, whereas methyl 4-fluorophenyl carbamate was the least effective.Pine reacted with fluorophenyl isocyanates to form bonded carbamates in situ was effective in preventing attacks by fungi but required a much higher molar ratio of chemicals than did wood impregnated with methyl fluorophenyl carbamates.The fluorophenyl carbamyl groups in reacted wood are more stable than carbamates impregnated in wood and less subject to loss by hydrolysis.
Luminescence and energy transfer in EuAl3B4O12 (1981)

The emission and excitation spectra of the Eu3+ luminescence and the energy transfer phenomena in single crystals of Gd1−xEuxAl3B4O12 (0&amp;lt;x?1) have been investigated using time-resolved site-selection techniques. In addition, the luminescence properties of single crystals and powders have been compared. The results show that in these compounds there are three major types of Eu3+ sites. Most Eu3+ ions are on the regular crystallographic sites, but a relatively high percentage of these ions are at nonregular (Al3+ and interstitial) sites. The crystals of EuAl3B4O12 show quenching at lower temperatures than do the powder samples. This behavior can be explained with the help of a model which takes into account diffusion-limited migration within the regular Eu3+ system and quenching by transfer to Mo3+ impurities. These impurities are incorporated into the crystals unintentionally during their growth. The concentration quenching in the single crystals is quite strong and can be explained by means of the percolation concept. In the powder samples, however, the concentration and temperature quenching had less influence due to the relatively low concentration of the quenching centers in these samples. In all samples there was evidence of direct transfer from ’’nonregular’’ Eu3+ ions to ’’regular’’ ions. The critical transfer distance was derived.
El processament per altra pressió allarga la vida útil del formatge fresc comercial (2014)

L'Alta Pressio Hidrostatica es una tecnologia capac d'allargar la vida util dels aliments alhora que mante les seves caracteristiques nutricionals i organoleptiques. El CERPTA (UAB) ha realitzat un dels primers estudis d'aplicacio d'aquesta tecnologia en formatge fresc comercial i ha aconseguit gairebe triplicar la vida util d'aquest producte. Tot i que el tractament ha fet que la textura del formatge sigui mes ferm, aixo no ha afectat altres propietats ni a la seva preferencia per part d'un panell de tastadors.
Developing Service Oriented Sensor/Actuator Networks Using a Tailored Middleware (2009)

Programming sensor/actuator networks requires expertise in low-level programming, mainly because of using resource constraint hardware. The code of the resulting systems has typically no clear separation between application and system (infrastructure) logic.This minimizes the possibility to reuse code and leads very often to the necessity of major changes, in case the underlying platform (hardware or operating system) is changed. In this paper, we present a model driven approach based on the service oriented paradigm to support the different parties involved in the development, namely platform experts, domain experts and end users. The goal of our approach is to enable the use of pre-implemented services in a potentially heterogeneous sensor/actuator network that can be easily combined to form an application. The interaction of these components is implemented by a middleware. To address the resource constraints, this middleware is tailored for each application and platform using a domain specific development tool. The platform experts can expand the code generator to support further platforms and features. Domain experts provide services and describe a potential interaction between different services.The end users can select, configure and combine adequate services to form a running application.
ELECTROKINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMOBILIZED ASPERGILLUS-NIGER BETA GALACTOSIDASE (1986)

Microcrystalline cellulose was activated with diphenylmethane 4,4-diisocyanate and triethylamine and was used to immobilize beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) at 4 or 20C and pH 3.6 or 4.6. The activation procedure modified the electrokinetic characteristics of the carrier, making the zeta potential less negative; at pH below 4.5 the zeta potential became positive. Immobilization of beta-Gal shifted the isoelectric point to acid pH. Conditions to produce the highest residual beta-Gal activity were pH 4.6 and temp. of 4C. Addition of 1250 p.p.m. NaCl, CaCl2 or Ca(NO3)2 at the optimum pH decreased beta-Gal activity, effects being greater for the immobilized enzyme than for free enzyme. Optimum pH after immobilization was increased by approx. one unit by Ca salts, while Na had no effect. Ca(NO3)2 caused a shift of zeta potential to more positive values and the isoelectric point of the immobilized enzyme to alkaline pH. Na had less influence on zeta potential but at 50 p.p.m. did displace the isoelectric point.
Anisotropy of low-energy ion etching via electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1988)

Low-energy reactive ion etching is desirable as a method to fabricate devices, because it does not damage the sample surface. However, anisotropical properties are difficult to obtain with low energy ions. Thus, anisotropical properties with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etcher, with which it is easy to obtain a directional low energy (≤20 eV) ion flux, were examined. The conditions under which a clear enough anisotropical cross section figure was produced, were found and applied to sub-half-micron patterns. An ECR plasma etcher is used here with a standing wave cavity TE113 storing 2.45 GHz microwaves and with a sample chamber separate from the cavity. This kind of etcher does not permit control of an ion’s energy apart from the radicals. However, it is possible to control ionic performance by reducing the gas pressure to ∼1.0 mTorr and obtaining a satisfactory anisotropical etching mode. However, ion and molecule collision appear in the ion flux at that gas pressure. The collision makes disanisotropy; the collisional angle changed from about 15–25 deg for gas pressures from 0.2 mTorr to 1.0 mTorr. According to a simple theoretical calculation, the angle is about 30 deg on the assumption of a one time collision, about twice the value of the experimental result. At last, we obtained the high aspect ratio up to 10 at a gas pressure of 0.1–0.2 mTorr. It follows that it was possible to etch the sample well anisotropically with a low-energy ion flux without causing damage by using an Ion-Flux Type ECR etcher and controlling the gas pressure, and further without spoiling its undamaged nature.
Interactive tracking of movable objects for the blind on the basis of environment models and perception-oriented object recognition methods (2006)

In previous work we have presented a prototype of an assistant system for the blind that can be used for self-localization and interactive object identification of static objects stored within 3D environment models. In this paper we present a new method for interactive tracking of various types of movable objects. The state of fixed movable objects, like doors, can be recognized by comparing the distance between sensor data and a 3D model. For the identification and model-based tracking of free movable objects, like chairs, we have developed an algorithm that is similar to human perception, based on shape and color comparisons to trained objects. Further, using a common face detection algorithm, our assistant system informs the user of the presence of people, and enables the localization of a real person based on interactive tracking of virtual models of humans.
Westinghouse programs in pulsed homopolar power supplies (1984)

This document details Westinghouse's ongoing study of homopolar machines since 1929 with the major effort occurring in the early 1970's to the present. The effort has enabled Westinghouse to develop expertise in the technology required for the design, fabrication and testing of such machines. This includes electrical design, electromagnetic analysis, current collection, mechanical design, advanced cooling, stress analysis, transient rotor performance, bearing analysis and seal technology. Westinghouse is using this capability to explore the use of homopolar machines as pulsed power supplies for future systems in both military and commercial applications.
Application of a Real-Time Data Compression and Adapted Protocol Technique for WAMS (2014)

This paper proposes a real-time data compression and adapted protocol technique for wide-area measurement systems (WAMS). The compression algorithm combines exception compression (EC) with swing door trending (SDT) compression. The compression logic is designed to perform this algorithm in real time. Selection of compression parameters and data reconstruction are presented. An adapted protocol is introduced by improving the format of data frames defined by IEEE standard C37.118 for compressed data packets. The proposed compression technique and protocol were applied to the phasor measurement units (PMUs) of a hydropower plant in Guizhou Power Grid in Southwest China. A low-frequency oscillation incident was recorded by this technique. The raw, compressed and reconstructed data were analyzed to verify the compression and determine the accuracy of the proposed technique. Also, the wavelet-based data compression, the standalone EC and SDT are compared with the proposed compression technique. Our results demonstrated that this compression can reach the compression ratios in the range of 6 to 11. Also, this compression and adapted protocol technique can reduce the size of data packets by approximately 75% with high accuracy in both dynamic and steady states.
Far Infrared Antiferromagnetic Resonance in MnO and NiO (1963)

The uniaxial dipolar anisotropy in antiferromagnetic MnO and NiO aligns the two opposing sublattice moments in an easy (111) plane. The two normal modes for small oscillations of the sublattice magnetizations about a preferred direction within this plane are both nondegenerate and linearly polarized. The high-frequency mode has been observed at low temperatures (2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) at 27.5 and 36.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in MnO and NiO, respectively. In agreement with the unobservably small second-order Zeeman shift expected for these non-degenerate modes, a 10.7-kOe field was found to have no effect on the observed resonance frequencies. Increasing the sample temperature decreases the frequency of the mode in each case. The experimental temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency can be accounted for by present theories only if an anomalous temperature dependence, previously found from neutron-diffraction data, is assumed for the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization.