gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated radiological analysis of spinal MRI (2015)

This thesis addresses the problem of analysing clinical MRI using modern computer vision methods for a variety of clinical and research-related tasks. We use automated machine learning algorithms to develop a spinal MRI analysis framework for a number of tasks such as vertebrae detection, labelling; disc and vertebrae segmentation, and radiological grading, and we validate the framework on a large, heterogeneous dataset of 300 symptomatic back pain patients from multiple clinical sites and scanners. Our framework has a number of back pain research and other spine-related clinical applications and could hopefully find application in a clinical workflow in the future. Our framework has five steps -- detection, labelling, segmentation, support regions and features, and machine learning for radiological measurements. The framework works in full 3D and has currently been implemented on sagittal T2 slices. We use Deformable Part Models along with a chain model to detect and label vertebrae, and a powerful graph cuts based method for vertebrae and disc segmentation. The labelled detections and segmentations are used to place support regions for feature extraction, which are mapped into a number of radiological measurements -- namely Pfirrmann grade, disc space narrowing, and herniation/bulge. The radiological ground truth was provided by a clinical radiologist with 25 years experience. We demonstrate a high performance in the measurement in each. The measurements are performed using support vector machines and support vector regressors learned on training data. We next investigate the problem of what is the best method of obtaining support regions. We first used pixel intensity features to predict the Pfirrmann grade, narrowing and bulge/herniation, with vertebrae segmentation to localise their support regions. Since segmentation of spine images, especially intervertebral discs is an unsolved problem and algorithms are prone to failure, we then ask the question, to segment or not to segment. To answer the question, we compare results on Pfirrmann grade prediction with three different points on the no segmentation to full disc segmentation involving no segmentation, vertebrae segmentation, or disc segmentation and find that vertebrae segmentation suffices. We finally show preliminary results in distinguishing between different radiological conditions related to the posterior side of the disc more finely than before in literature, taking information from both sagittal and axial slices to attempt to distinguish between herniated and bulged discs.
The effect of cup orientation on stability of trapeziometacarpal total joint arthroplasty: a biomechanical cadaver study (2019)

It has been suggested that the cup of a trapeziometacarpal total joint replacement should be positioned parallel with the proximal articular surface of the trapezium to align it with the centre of motion. This would diminish the chance of dislocation. The goal of this study was to test this idea biomechanically. A linked trapeziometacarpal prosthesis was implanted in seven cadaver hands and combined with three-dimensional printed trapezium cups in 17 different orientations. For every combination, stability of the prosthesis was assessed through its entire passive range of motion. Dorsal inclination of the cup relative to the proximal articular surface increased the risk of dislocation with thumb flexion and opposition. The risk of dislocation was also increased with lateral or medial inclination of the cup exceeding 20°. Our results demonstrate that cup orientation is an important factor in prosthetic joint stability. Cup placement parallel to the proximal articular surface is ideal.
A Binding Architecture for Multimedia Networks (1995)

An open architecture that achieves seamless binding between networking and multimedia devices is proposed. The building blocks of the binding architecture consist of a set of interfaces, methods and primitives. The former abstract the functionalities of multimedia networking devices and are realized as objects organized into a binding interface base. The methods and primitives are invoked for implementing binding applications. The binding architecture is embedded into a reference model for multimedia networking architectures that supports a clean separation between binding interfaces and binding algorithms. Communication between the objects realizing the binding interfaces is supported by CORBA. Public interfaces in the binding interface base are specified using CORBA IDL. The architecture is illustrated with a simple connection management algorithm and an example of computational binding.
Radar control for automotive collision mitigation and headway spacing (1982)

A small solid-state radar combined with a microprocessor makes possible collision-mitigation braking and automatic headway control in cars of the future. The collision-mitigation function involves the application of antiskid brakes under conditions where, based on radar and other sensor inputs, it is certain that a severe collision will take place. The decision-making algorithm is optimized to prevent the unjustified application of the brakes from false alarms. The automatic headway-control function keeps the car at a safe distance with respect to other vehicles on the road ahead. In the absence of other cars the system operates as a conventional cruise control.
The 45- and 104-kDa forms of phosphatidate phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are regulated differentially by phosphorylation via cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1992)

Evidence is presented that demonstrated that the 45- and 104-kDa forms of phosphatidate phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Morlock, K. R., McLaughlin, J. J., Lin, Y.-P., and Carman, G. M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 3586-3593) were regulated differentially by phosphorylation. Purified 45-kDa phosphatidate phosphatase was phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase whereas purified 104-kDa phosphatidate phosphatase was not phosphorylated. cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of pure 45-kDa phosphatidate phosphatase at a serine residue which resulted in a stimulation (2.4-fold) of phosphatidate phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase catalyzed the dephosphorylation of pure 45-kDa phosphatidate phosphatase which resulted in an inhibition (1.3-fold) of phosphatidate phosphatase activity. Results of studies using mutants (bcy1 and cyr1) defective in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity corroborated the results of the phosphorylation studies using pure preparations of phosphatidate phosphatase. The 45-kDa phosphatidate phosphatase phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo had phosphopeptides in common. The activation of the GAL10-RAS2val19 allele in mutant cells resulted in an increase in the synthesis of diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols. These results were consistent with the phosphorylation and activation of 45-kDa phosphatidate phosphatase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vivo.
Design and Synthesis of Clinical Candidate PF-06751979: A Potent, Brain Penetrant, β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitor Lacking Hypopigmentation (2018)

A major challenge in the development of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is the alignment of potency, drug-like properties, and selectivity over related aspartyl proteases such as Cathepsin D (CatD) and BACE2. The potential liabilities of inhibiting BACE2 chronically have only recently begun to emerge as BACE2 impacts the processing of the premelanosome protein (PMEL17) and disrupts melanosome morphology resulting in a depigmentation phenotype. Herein, we describe the identification of clinical candidate PF-06751979 (64), which displays excellent brain penetration, potent in vivo efficacy, and broad selectivity over related aspartyl proteases including BACE2. Chronic dosing of 64 for up to 9 months in dog did not reveal any observation of hair coat color (pigmentation) changes and suggests a key differentiator over current BACE1 inhibitors that are nonselective against BACE2 in later stage clinical development.
LibGuides: THE 352 - The American Religious Experience: Compare Popular vs. Scholarly Journals and Websites (2014)

This eGuide provides Library Information Resources to support research for THE 352 - The American Religious Experience.
Ion–surface interactions during vapor phase crystal growth by sputtering, MBE, and plasma-enhanced CVD: Applications to semiconductors (1982)

The effects of low-energy particle bombardment of growing films during vapor phase epitaxy are considered in some detail. Ion bombardment plays an important and sometimes dominant role in controlling the growth kinetics and physical properties of films deposited by glow discharge and ion beam sputter deposition, molecular beam epitaxy using accelerated dopants, and plasma- assisted chemical vapor deposition. Ion–surface interaction effects, including trapping, sputtering, preferential sputtering, and collisional mixing, are used to interpret and model experimental results concerning the effects of low-energy particle bombardment on nucleation, film growth, enhanced diffusion at interfaces, and elemental incorporation probabilities. Finally, recent results on the growth of unique single-crystal metastable semiconducting alloys are discussed.
Boundary Element Method for Analysis and Design of One-Dimensional Diffractive Optical Elements (1996)

The boundary element method (BEM) is a numerical technique to solve the boundary integral for the vector analysis of diffraction.1,2 Boundary integral methods model the interaction between an incident field and a diffractive optical element (DOE) using distributions induced on the surface of the DOE by the incident field. For a conductor the surface distribution is a current and, for a dielectric, it is a polarization field. Re-radiation from the surface distribution, in turn, generates a diffracted field. The objective of the BEM is the determination of the surface distribution given the incident field and DOE.
Deep Learning for Ecient Discriminative Parsing (2011)

We propose a new fast purely discriminative algorithm for natural language parsing, based on a \deep recurrent convolutional graph transformer network (GTN). Assuming a decomposition of a parse tree into a stack of \levels, the network predicts a level of the tree taking into account predictions of previous levels. Using only few basic text features which leverage word representations from Collobert and Weston (2008), we show similar performance (in F1 score) to existing pure discriminative parsers and existing \benchmark parsers (like Collins parser, probabilistic context-free grammars based), with a huge speed advantage.
Non-Chemical biofouling control in heat exchangers and seawater piping systems using acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge (2003)

Acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge (pulsed acoustics) were investigated as a means for biofouling control in two test formats, viz. a 5/8" outside diameter titanium tube and a mockup heat exchanger. The pulsed acoustic device, when operated at 17 kV, demonstrated 95% inhibition of microfouling over a 20 ft length of titanium tube over a 4-week period, comparable to chlorination in combination with a high-velocity flush. The pulsed acoustic device inhibited microfouling over a downstream distance of 15 ft, therefore, a single pulsed acoustic device is theoretically capable of protecting at least 30 ft of tube from microfouling (15 ft on either side of the device). A correlation between acoustic intensity in the frequency range 0.01-1 MHz and the level of biofouling inhibition was observed. The threshold acoustic intensity for microfouling inhibition was determined for this frequency range. It was also observed that the orientation of the device is critical to obtaining microfouling inhibition.
Sodium Cromoglycate Prevents Exacerbation of IgE-Mediated Food-Allergic Reaction Induced by Aspirin in a Rat Model of Egg Allergy (2015)

SCG can prevent ASP-exacerbated allergic reactions in patients with food allergy resulting from inhibition of increases in allergen absorption.
Spectral optimization of a pulsed HF chemical laser for efficient energy delivery through a low-loss fluoride glass optical fiber (1993)

Pulsed HF chemical lasers oscillating in the midinfrared region of the spectrum where water can strongly absorb are suitable for the organic tissue ablation. For such a medical application, a flexible energy delivery system using an optical fiber is indispensable. The fluoride glass optical fiber may be used for low-loss optical energy delivery of the pulsed HF laser. Using an intracavity CO2 absorption cell, we have optimized pulsed multiline HF chemical laser spectrum for low-loss energy delivery through a fluoride glass optical fiber whose transmission loss is theoretically estimated to be minimum around 2.5 μm. The fractional output energy of P1-0(3) and P1-0(4) lines, which are sitting in the lowest loss spectral region of the practical fluoride glass fiber, exceeded half the multiline output energy using a line selective intracavity CO2 gas cell. The P1-0(4) line extracted from the resonator with a diffraction grating was successfully delivered through a 3-m-long commercial fluoride glass fiber (core/cladding diameter=450/500 μm). The delivered energy of 11.9 mJ was achieved with the corresponding energy fluence of 12 J/cm2 and peak intensity of 22 MW/cm2 at the exit core surface without optical damage.
Diode Laser Ignition of a Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Gaseous Oxygen Hybrid Motor (2020)

The performance of a diode laser igniter as a restart-capable device has been assessed for single-port, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/gaseous oxygen (GOX) hybrid motors. For this testing a prototype version of the igniter has been designed and implemented as a substitute to a traditional methane/GOX torch ignition system. Ignition tests have been conducted at atmospheric ambient conditions using an experimental single-port motor setup. Using three PMMA fuel grains, a total of 46 successful motor ignitions and restarts were achieved. These tests were conducted using a single multimode diode laser with an output power of 10.84 W and a nominal pulse length of 1 s. In addition, a total of 24 successful ignitions and restarts were demonstrated in a vacuum chamber with the same prototype igniter on a flight-scale PMMA/GOX motor under development for smallsat applications. The ignition transient is compared against baseline results from a torch ignition system for atmospheric tests, and the ignition delay performance is considered across all tests.
General Analysis of the Stability of Superposed Fluids (1964)

An analysis is made of the stability of the interface between two compressible fluids in a gravity field when the fluids have translational velocities parallel to the interface. The effects of viscosity and surface tension are not included. The general dispersion relation is found to involve Whittaker functions and their first derivatives. Appropriate limits for these functions correspond to various physical conditions. The familiar Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz criterions for stability are obtained in the incompressible limit. It is found that compressibility in the subsonic case decreases the range of stability. In the supersonic case, the stability found by Landau holds for only one disturbance mode. In general, stratification leads to instability of the interface for the supersonic case. A simple physical discussion of the Kelvin-Helmholtz stability problem for incompressible or compressible flow concludes the paper.
Relationship between canopy reflectance and yield loss due to disease in barley (2004)

Summary Reflectance from barley field trial plots was measured to determine whether it could be used as an accurate estimate of disease and yield response to fungicide, and whether this was consistent over a range of agronomic factors. Three trials were used to test the effects of cultivar, assessment date, fungicide and dose, different disease and fertiliser. Correlations with predominant disease and resulting yield loss were high, often better than visual disease or green leaf area measurements alone. Certain ratios of two reflectance wavelength measurements were more robust predictors than single wavelengths. Cultivar and development stage had a large influence on measurements and calibration for such morphology‐based characters would be essential for practical deployment. Whilst weather conditions and solar angle restrict opportunities for usage of reflectance tools such as the‘Cropscan Radiometer', it may prove useful in crop loss assessments as an additional objective tool.
Time and spatially resolved absorption at 3.4 μm in highly excited germanium (1978)

We report on a study of the spatial distribution of electron-hole drops in Ge at 2 and 4.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, using 3.4-\ensuremath{\mu}m intervalence-band absorption. We find that the cloud of electron-hole drops produced at 2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K decays nearly uniformly. At 4.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, decay near the edge of the crystal and at the boundary between the cloud and bulk Ge is more rapid than in the middle of the cloud. The rapid decay near the crystal edge is interpreted in terms of surface recombination of excitons. The results are found to support qualitatively the previously proposed cloud model for decay.
Transmission performance of DS-CDMA with RAKE reception adding time-window control loop (TWCL) in multipath fading environment (2002)

This paper presents laboratory test measurement results from a post-detection RAKE receiver system with a time-window control loop (TWCL) as the code synchronization scheme under a frequency-selective fading environment. RAKE combining methods, a simple integral demodulation method within a time-window and a recursive least squares (RLS) demodulation method within the time-window that uses the RLS algorithm to realize maximal ratio combining, are investigated. The result shows that the TWCL provides good acquisition and tracking performance under the fading conditions experienced with maximum Doppler frequencies from 5 to 80 Hz. It is also shown that the required E/sub b//N/sub 0/ when the bit-error rate must be 10/sup -3/ under the double-spike frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading model is reduced by 10 dB compared to the non-selective Rayleigh-fading model. The difference of the path-diversity effect between the two RAKE combining methods is only 1 dB.
Ganyong Starch Derived Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries (2021)

Hard carbons are one of the most promising carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to the high specific capacity and excellent cycle properties. Among the precursors used to synthesize hard carbon, natural starches are of great interest due to their unique morphologies. In this paper, ganyong starch based hard carbons (GSHC) were prepared by direct carbonization at various temperatures (700-1100) °C. The obtained hard carbons exhibit high reversible capacities of sodium-ion batteries of about 239 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at current density of 0.1 C. after 100 cycles. The excellent cycle profiles are attributed to the unique morphology and defect carbon structures.
Iterative Convolutional Neural Network-Based Illumination Estimation (2021)

In the image processing pipelines of digital cameras, one of the first steps is to achieve invariance in terms of scene illumination, namely computational color constancy. Usually, this is done in two successive steps which are illumination estimation and chromatic adaptation. The illumination estimation aims at estimating a three-dimensional vector from image pixels. This vector represents the scene illumination, and it is used in the chromatic adaptation step, which aims at eliminating the bias in image colors caused by the color of the illumination. An accurate illumination estimation is crucial for successful computational color constancy. However, this is an ill-posed problem, and many methods try to comprehend it with different assumptions. In this paper, an iterative method for estimating the scene illumination color is proposed. The method calculates the illumination vector by a series of intermediate illumination estimations and chromatic adaptations of an input image using a convolutional neural network. The network has been trained to iteratively compute intermediate incremental illumination estimates from the original image. Incremental illumination estimates are combined by per element multiplication to obtain the final illumination estimation. The approach is aimed to reduce large estimation errors usually occurring with highly saturated light sources. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the vast majority of illumination estimation methods in terms of median angular error. Moreover, in terms of worst-performing samples, i.e., the samples for which a method errs the most, the proposed method outperforms all other methods by a margin of more than 18% with respect to the mean of estimation errors in the third quartile.
The effect of non-uniform damping on flutter in axial flow and energy-harvesting strategies (2012)

The problem of energy harvesting from flutter instabilities in flexible slender structures in axial flows is considered. In a recent study, we used a reduced-order theoretical model of such a system to demonstrate the feasibility for harvesting energy from these structures. Following this preliminary study, we now consider a continuous fluid-structure system. Energy harvesting is modelled as strain-based damping, and the slender structure under investigation lies in a moderate fluid loading range, for which the flexible structure may be destabilized by damping. The key goal of this work is to analyse the effect of damping distribution and intensity on the amount of energy harvested by the system. The numerical results indeed suggest that non-uniform damping distributions may significantly improve the power-harvesting capacity of the system. For low-damping levels, clustered dampers at the position of peak curvature are shown to be optimal. Conversely for higher damping, harvesters distributed over the whole structure are more effective.
Supersingular Isogeny Diffie-Hellman Authenticated Key Exchange. (2018)

We propose two authenticated key exchange protocols from supersingular isogenies. Our protocols are the first post-quantum one-round Diffie–Hellman type authenticated key exchange ones in the following points: one is secure under the quantum random oracle model and the other resists against maximum exposure where a non-trivial combination of secret keys is revealed. The security of the former and the latter is proven under isogeny versions of the decisional and gap Diffie–Hellman assumptions, respectively. We also propose a new approach for invalidating the Galbraith–Vercauteren-type attack for the gap problem.
Effects of Isolated Hip Abductor Fatigue on Frontal Plane Knee Mechanics (2010)

This study demonstrates that simulated hip abductor weakness causes small alterations of frontal plane knee mechanics. Although some of these alterations occurred in directions associated with increased risk of knee injury, changes were small in magnitude, and the effect of these small changes on knee injury risk is unknown.
GaAs P-N Junction and Doping Superlattices Grown by Laser-Assisted MOVPE (1989)

A GaAs p-n junction and a GaAs doping superlattice (nipi structure) have been fabricated by switching the ArF excimer laser light on and off during MOVPE growth while simultaneously using an n-type doping source of tetramethylsilane (TMSi) and a p-type doping source of dimethylzinc (DMZn). The current-voltage characteristic of the p-n junction showed good diode properties with a breakdown voltage of about 26 V and a built-in voltage of 0.8 V. The formation of the doping superlattice was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of the impurity depth profile and photoluminescence peak shift with excitation intensity.