gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of grazing incidence x-ray fluorescence technique to discriminate and quantify implanted solar wind (2009)

NASA launched the Genesis return mission to obtain pristine solar wind samples in order to better understand solar wind mechanics, solar physics, and solar system evolution. Unfortunately, the probe crash-landed shattering the collector plates necessitating the application of a grazing incidence x-ray fluorescence technique. This nondestructive methodology differentiates the terrestrial contamination from the low concentration implanted solar wind. Using this technique, the elemental depth distribution is obtained resulting in the determination of absolute solar wind elemental abundance. We describe this application and present the solar wind Fe concentration determination as an example.
New roles for GAPDH, Hsp90, and NO in regulating heme allocation and hemeprotein function in mammals (2022)

The intracellular trafficking of mitochondrial heme presents a fundamental challenge to animal cells. This article provides some background on heme allocation, discusses some of the concepts, and then reviews research done over the last decade, much in the author's laboratory, that is uncovering unexpected and important roles for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), and nitric oxide (NO) in enabling and regulating the allocation of mitochondrial heme to hemeproteins that mature and function outside of the mitochondria. A model for how hemeprotein functions can be regulated in cells through the coordinate participation of GAPDH, hsp90, and NO in allocating cellular heme is presented.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of cyclodextrin conjugate prodrug of mefenamic acid (2007)

In the present investigation mefenamic acid prodrug of β-cyclodextrins was synthesized. The primary hydroxy group of β-cyclodextrins was used to block the acid group. The synthesis involved a series of protection and deprotection reaction. The ester was evaluated for stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The hydrolysis of cyclodextrin conjugate in colon is confirmed by the hydrolysis kinetics studies in rat faecal material. The ester was also evaluated for ulcerogenicity. Results of these studies established the primary aim of masking the ulcerogenic potential of free drug, by using 12-fold dose of the normal dose of mefenamic acid and equivalent doses of the ester.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of Side Chain Effect on the β-1,3-d-Glucan Triple Helix in Aqueous Solution (2008)

beta-1,3-D-glucans have been isolated from fungi as right-handed 6(1) triple helices. They are categorized by the side chains bound to the main triple helix through beta-(1-->6)-D-glycosyl linkage. Indeed, since a glucose-based side chain is water soluble, the presence and frequency of glucose-based side chains give rise to significant variation in the physical properties of the glucan family. Curdlan has no side chains and self-assembles to form an water-insoluble triple helical structure, while schizophyllan, which has a 1,6-D-glucose side chain on every third glucose unit along the main chain, is completely water soluble. A thermal fluctuation in the optical rotatory dispersion is observed for the side chain, indicating probable co-operative interaction between the side chains and water molecules. This paper documents molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solution for three models of the beta-1,3-D-glucan series: curdlan (no side chain), schizophyllan (a beta-(1-->6)-D-glycosyl side-chain at every third position), and a hypothetical triple helix with a side chain at every sixth main-chain glucose unit. A decrease was observed in the helical pitch as the population of the side chain increased. Two types of hydrogen bonding via water molecules, the side chain/main chain and the side chain/side chain hydrogen bonding, play an important role in determination of the triple helix conformation. The formation of a one-dimensional cavity of diameter about 3.5 A was observed in the schizophyllan triple helix, while curdlan showed no such cavity. The side chain/side chain hydrogen bonding in schizophyllan and the hypothetical beta-1,3-D-glucan triple helix could cause the tilt of the main-chain glucose residues to the helix.
Single-photon vibrational photochemistry. Part 1.—Wavelength and temperature dependence of the quantum yield for the laser-induced ionization of water (1979)

Quantum yields, ϕ for the ionization of water to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, present as transients in excess of their equilibrium concentration levels following irradiation by a pulse derived from a Q-switched laser, have been measured as a function of temperature and excitation wavelength. Irradiation wavelengths used were the ruby and neodymium laser values 0.694 and 1.06 µm, and stimulated Raman scattering shifts of these to 0.975 and 1.41 µm. ϕ(298 K) increased from 9 × 10–9 to 9 × 10–6 with decrease of λ from 1.41 to 0.694 µm. The reaction occurred after absorption of a single photon into the excited O—H stretching vibrational levels: the energy of the laser photon E was in all cases in excess of the activation energy for reaction, which is shown to equal ΔH⊖ for the self dissociation of water. The expression ϕ=ϕ0(1–ΔH⊖/E)s is based upon competition between reaction and relaxation, and correlates all the data with s= 8.4 ± 0.2 and ϕ0=(1.7 ± 0.3)× 10–4. Values of s and ϕ0 are interpreted with a hydrogen-bonded species (H2O)4 as the reactive entity. The ionization of water is the first reported example of an i.r. photochemical reaction in the liquid phase.
Overlapping speech, utterance duration and affective content in HHI and HCI - An comparison (2015)

In human conversation, turn-taking is a critical issue. Especially if only the speech channel is available (e.g. telephone), correct timing as well as affective and verbal signals are required. In cases of failure, overlapping speech may occur which is in the focus of this paper. We investigate the davero corpus a large naturalistic spoken corpus of real call center telephone conversations and compare our findings to results on the well-known SmartKom corpus consisting of human-computer interaction. We first show that overlapping speech occurs in different types of situational settings - extending the well-known categories cooperative and competitive overlaps -, all of which are frequent enough to be analyzed. Furthermore, we present connections between the occurrence of overlapping speech and the length of the previous utterance, and show that overlapping speech occurs at dialog instances where certain affective states are changing. Our results allow the prediction of forthcoming threat of overlapping speech, and hence preventive measures, especially in professional environments like call-centers with human or automatic agents.
Letter--Incorporating Real-World Evidence and Patient Value Criteria into Value-Based Frameworks for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2018)

Orlowski has received research funding from Amgen, BioTheryX, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals; honoraria from Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, and Onyx Pharmaceuticals; and is a member of advisory boards for Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, Incyte, Kite, Legend Biotech, Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Improved Syntheses and Some Selective Transformations of 2,2,4,4-Tetrachloro-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ones (1999)

The methyl- and alkenyl-substituted furans 1b-h react with pentachloroacetone (2) and sodium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide solution to form the title compounds 3b-h in good yield. With the furans 1i-m bearing an oxygen or a sulfur heteroatom in the side chain, moderate yields are obtained. Dechlorination of the [4+3] cycloadducts 3 with the Zn-Cu couple leads to the corresponding oxabicyclic ketones 4. On catalytic hydrogenation of the tetrachlorooxabicyclooctenones 3a-c hydrogenolysis of the exo-carbon-chlorine bonds occurs, leading to the endo-2,endo-4-dichloro-8-oxabicyclooctan-3-ones 8a-c. With lithium aluminum hydride and Grignard reagents, 8a and 3a form the endo-3-alcohols 12a-c and 13, respectively, the latter with uncertain configuration at C-3, in a highly stereoselective manner. The ether bridge in the dechlorinated oxabicyclooctenones 4b, 4f, and 4g can be cleaved by means of trimethylsilyl triflate/triethylamine to produce the tropones 5b, 5f, and 5g. Hydrogenation of 1,5-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one (4c), followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction, affords 1,5-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (7). m-Chloroperbenzoic acid epoxidizes the alkenyl side chain of the tetrachlorinated oxabicycles 3d, 3e, 3g, and 3h in a site-selective reaction. In contrast, from the dehalogenated oxabicyclic ketone 4g the bis(epoxide) 14 is obtained.
Clustering with a genetically optimized approach (1999)

Describes a genetically guided approach to optimizing the hard (J/sub 1/) and fuzzy (J/sub m/) c-means functionals used in cluster analysis. Our experiments show that a genetic algorithm (GA) can ameliorate the difficulty of choosing an initialization for the c-means clustering algorithms. Experiments use six data sets, including the Iris data, magnetic resonance, and color images. The genetic algorithm approach is generally able to find the lowest known J/sub m/ value or a J/sub m/ associated with a partition very similar to that associated with the lowest J/sub m/ value. On data sets with several local extrema, the GA approach always avoids the less desirable solutions. Degenerate partitions are always avoided by the GA approach, which provides an effective method for optimizing clustering models whose objective function can be represented in terms of cluster centers. A series random initializations of fuzzy/hard c-means, where the partition associated with the lowest J/sub m/ value is chosen, can produce an equivalent solution to the genetic guided clustering approach given the same amount of processor time in some domains.
Design analysis of 1550-nm gaassb-(in)gaasn type-II quantum-well laser active regions (2003)

A novel active region design is proposed to achieve long-wavelength (/spl lambda/ = 1550-nm) diode lasers based on a type-II quantum-well (QW) design of (In)GaAsN-GaAsSb grown on a GaAs substrate. The strain-compensated structures hold potential as an ideal active region for 1500-nm GaAs-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. A design analysis and optimization of 1550-nm emitting structures is presented. An optimal type-II multiple-QW design allows for electron-hole wavefunction overlaps of greater than 50%.
Median graphs and anomalous change detection in communication networks (2002)

To improve the network management of large enterprise data networks we propose a novel approach to abnormal network change detection. Periodic observations of logical communications within a network are represented as a time series of graphs. Based on two different graph distance measures, the concept of median graph is introduced. The median of a time series of graphs is a graph that is most representative of all graphs in the series. In the application to time series of communication networks considered in this paper, constraints exist that greatly decrease the computational complexity of the construction of median graphs. An application of median graphs to the analysis of a large data network is given.
How do API documentation and static typing affect API usability? (2014)

When developers use Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), they often rely on documentation to assist their tasks. In previous studies, we reported evidence indicating that static type systems acted as a form of implicit documentation, benefiting developer productivity. Such implicit documentation is easier to maintain, given it is enforced by the compiler, but previous experiments tested users without any explicit documentation. In this paper, we report on a controlled experiment and an exploratory study comparing the impact of using documentation and a static or dynamic type system on a development task. Results of our study both confirm previous findings and show that the benefits of static typing are strengthened with explicit documentation, but that this was not as strongly felt with dynamically typed languages.
Fluorescent detection of hydrazines via fluorescamine and isomeric phthalaldehydes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescent detection of hydrazines via fluorescamine and isomeric phthalaldehydesRobert W. Weeks, Stanley K. Yasuda, and Brenda J. DeanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 1, 159–161Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60365a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60365a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoporous Network Channels from Self‐Assembled Triblock Copolymer Supramolecules (2010)

Supramolecular complexes of a poly(tert-butoxystyrene)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) triblock copolymers and less than stoichiometric amounts of pentadecylphenol (PDP) are shown to self-assemble into a core-shell gyroid morphology with the core channels formed by the hydrogen-bonded P4VP(PDP)complexes. After structure formation, PDP was removed using a simple washing procedure, resulting in well-ordered nanoporous films that were used as templates for nickel plating.
Induction of apoptosis by Hypericin through activation of caspase-3 in human carcinoma cells (2001)

Potent photosensitizer Hypericin (HY), is a lipid soluble perylquinone derivative of the genus Hypericum and has a strong photodynamic effect on tumors and viruses. However, the mechanisms of tumor cell death induced by this compound is still unclear. Furthermore, there are no reports on mechanisms in cell apoptosis induced by perylquinones in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other mucosal cells. We studied the photodynamic effects of HY compound in poorly differentiated (CNE2) and moderately differentiated (TW0-1) human NPC cells as well as human mucosal colon (CCL-220.1) and bladder (SD) cells. Using these cell lines we investigated few hall marks of apoptotic commitments in a drug and light dose dependent manner. Tumor cells photoactivated with HY showed cell size shrinkage and an increase in the sub-diploid DNA content. A loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry associated with apoptosis was induced in all tumor cell lines as evidenced by the externalization of phosphatidylserine. Under apoptotic conditions, Western blot analysis of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, a caspase substrate, showed the classical cleavage pattern (116-85 kDa) associated with apoptosis in PDT-treated cell lysates. In addition, 85 kDa cleaved product was blocked by using tetrapeptide caspase inhibitors such as DEVD-CHO or z-VAD-fmk. These results demonstrate that tumor cell death induced by photoactivated HY is mediated by caspase proteases. This study also identifies that CNE2, CCL-220.1 (colon) and SD (bladder) cell lines are more sensitive than TW0-1 cell line to PDT using perylquinone HY.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols (2016)

Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of esters to alcohols is an industrially important, environmentally benign reaction. While precious metal-based catalysts for this reaction are now well known, only very few catalysts based on first-row metal complexes were reported. Here we present the hydrogenation of esters catalyzed by a complex of earth-abundant manganese. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and insight into the mechanism is provided based on an NMR study and the synthesis of novel Mn complexes postulated as intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Point Binding Ligands for Asymmetric Gold Catalysis: Phosphoramidites with a TADDOL‐Related but Acyclic Backbone. (2013)

Abstract Ligands of type (I) and (II) are developed as excellent components for gold catalysis.
ReNeuIR at SIGIR 2023: The Second Workshop on Reaching Efficiency in Neural Information Retrieval (2023)

Multifaceted, empirical evaluation of algorithmic ideas is one of the central pillars of Information Retrieval (IR) research. The IR community has a rich history of studying the effectiveness of indexes, retrieval algorithms, and complex machine learning rankers and, at the same time, quantifying their computational costs, from creation and training to application and inference. As the community moves towards even more complex deep learning models, questions on efficiency have once again become relevant with renewed urgency. Indeed, efficiency is no longer limited to time and space; instead it has found new, challenging dimensions that stretch to resource-, sample- and energy-efficiency with ramifications for researchers, users, and the environment alike. Examining algorithms and models through the lens of holistic efficiency requires the establishment of standards and principles, from defining relevant concepts, to designing metrics, to creating guidelines for making sense of the significance of new findings. The second iteration of the ReNeuIR workshop aims to bring the community together to debate these questions, with the express purpose of moving towards a common benchmarking framework for efficiency.
Low-temperature hydrogen production using electrically activated catalysts (2000)

Electrical current was flowed through indium oxide/tin oxide nanoparticles to create highly active catalysts for selective oxidation of methanol to H2 and CO2 with low concentrations of CO.
Single-Step Bacterial Detection by Simultaneous Synthesis and Integration of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Application in Intracellular Delivery (2012)

Bacterial infections are one of the most common concerns among environmental and clinical settings. Detection of such pathogenic bacteria, in a rapid and a sensitive manner is a key requirement. Herein, we report the detection of bacterial contamination through simultaneous nanoparticle formation on the cell surface. In this approach, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized and integrated simultaneously on the surface of analyte bacteria, imparting visual readout. The synthesized GNPs were examined by several different analytical techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the particles were stable; near spherical in shape with an average diameter of 25 ± 5 nm. The histological changes in bacteria which were observed through TEM analysis indicated the successful intracellular delivery of nanoparticles.
REVIEWS (1994)

REVIEWS Get access The Complete Romances of Chretien de Troyes. Translated with an introduction by DAVID STAINES. Pp. xxx+542. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990 $57. 50. The Arthurian Romances of Chretien de Troyes: Once and Future Fictions. By DONALD MADDOX. Pp. xii+180 (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 £21 50. GERALD MORGAN GERALD MORGAN Tnnity CollegeDublin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XLV, Issue 177, February 1994, Pages 84–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XLV.177.84 Published: 01 February 1994
Textile sensors to measure sweat pH and sweat-rate during exercise (2009)

Sweat analysis can provide a valuable insight into a person's well-being. Here we present wearable textile-based sensors that can provide real-time information regarding sweat activity. A pH sensitive dye incorporated into a fabric fluidic system is used to determine sweat pH. To detect the onset of
Structure and Function of the Dot/Icm T4SS (2023)

The <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) delivers effector proteins into host cells during infection. Despite its significance as a potential drug target, our current understanding of its atomic structure is limited to isolated subcomplexes. In this study, we used subtomogram averaging and integrative modeling to construct a nearly-complete model of the Dot/Icm T4SS accounting for seventeen protein components. We locate and provide insights into the structure and function of six new components including DotI, DotJ, DotU, IcmF, IcmT, and IcmX. We find that the cytosolic N-terminal domain of IcmF, a key protein forming a central hollow cylinder, interacts with DotU, providing insight into previously uncharacterized density. Furthermore, our model, in combination with analyses of compositional heterogeneity, explains how the cytoplasmic ATPase DotO is connected to the periplasmic complex via interactions with membrane-bound DotI/DotJ proteins. Coupled with <i>in situ</i> infection data, our model offers new insights into the T4SS-mediated secretion mechanism.
Monitoring Internet Connectivity using PlanetLab (2006)

This paper explores one company's use of PlanetLab for a real application. Intel Corporation is a global enterprise with many Internet "DMZs" and thousands of customers around the world who use them. Intel needs to monitor the quality of service received through these Internet connections from many parts of the world. Doing this with available commercial services or by implementing monitoring systems in rented data center space across the globe would be expensive as well as being relatively inflexible. PlanetLab presents a relatively inexpensive and flexible platform for global scale monitoring but poses significant challenges in developing, deploying, and managing such a widely distributed application in an environment where node available and connectivity can change rapidly. We implemented the global DMZ monitor using PlanetLab nodes and the Distributed Service Management Toolkit (DSMT). DSMT provides a way to distribute code for an application and manage it despite node outages, moving the application to geographically appropriate nodes when nodes become unavailable. We position graphs to allow us to correlate data to either geographical local events or Internet wide events. Connectivity events are propagated using the PSEPR eventing system. Our experience with this implementation has shown that it can detect problems Internet connectivity problems. Future work includes using different protocols such as HTTP for monitoring and to extend DSMT services to monitor other conditions.
[Demonstration of fetal-type thymidine kinase in cancer of the breast]. (1986)

Seventy five human breast cancers were examined in order to search for the presence of thymidine kinase of the fetal-type (TK-F). The presence of TK-F was evidenced in all tumors. Its activity varied from one to another tumor, but it was evident that the increased TK activity observed in mammary cancers could exclusively be related to high TK-F activity. Some relations between TK-F activity and the presence of estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) were obvious. The highest activities were observed in cancers with high level of ER and PR. Thymidylate kinase activity (d-TTP synthesis) varied in parallel with TK-F activity. In a general way, it was higher in ER+ PR+ than in ER+ PR- cancers.