gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of a Simple, Practical Method for Computing Interaction to Arrays Found Experimentally to be Critical (1964)

Calculations of the critical sizes of cubic arrays of interacting fissionable units are compared with critical experiments. The units are of two types: vessels containing 5 liters of an aqueous solution of highly enriched uranium, and cylinders of highly enriched uranium metal. The arrays are surrounded by various thicknesses of hydrogenous reflectors. Agreement between calculation and experiment is reasonably good. The similarity of the results obtained with the widely differing types of units invites confidence in general applications of the method of calculation. Tables are presented for computing critical and safe sizes of cubic arrays of 8, 27, 64, or 125 identical units as a function of the albedo of the reflector surrounding the array and of the reactivity of an individual unit.
Use of Selective Broth Enrichment to Determine the Prevalence of Multiply Resistant JK Corynebacteria on Skin (1982)

Use of a selective broth enrichment procedure disclosed a low prevalence (1%) of multiply resistant JK corynebacteria on the skin of healthy adults.
Preparation and characterization of high-quality TiN films at low temperature by filtered cathode arc plasma (2004)

High-quality TiN films were successfully deposited on silicon and stainless-steel substrates at low temperature using an improved filtered cathode arc plasma technique developed in our lab. Atomic force microscope, x-ray diffractometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a nanoindenter were employed to characterize the TiN thin films. The microhardness of the TiN films have a high value up to 41GPa, which is far higher than that of TiN compounds deposited by conventional chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition methods (20Gpa or so). The films are of a stronger preferred crystalline orientation, very smooth surface, and high reflectivity. The effects of the negative substrate bias on the preferred crystalline orientation, surface roughness, deposition rate, and microhardness of Tin thin films are discussed in detail.
Shedding Light on the Global Pigment Localization and Adaptation of Photosystems in Living Organisms. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Resonant excitation of relativistic-ion cyclotron orbital motion (1993)

A technique is proposed for the excitation of coherent cyclotron motion of ions undergoing a relativistic mass increase. The equations of relativistic-ion cyclotron motion excited by an rf electric dipolar field of fixed peak-to-peak amplitude and a phase that exactly matches the ion cyclotron orbital phase during the excitation process are solved analytically. The resonant cyclotron-motion excitation method is well-suited for bringing ions of low mass-to-charge ratio coherently to a large cyclotron orbital radius for detection or ejection. The method is demonstrated for the excitation of $^{12}\mathrm{C}^{3+}$ ions up to about 1% of the speed of light in the cubic ion trap of a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometer.
Globally convergent edge-preserving regularized reconstruction: an application to limited-angle tomography (1998)

We introduce a generalization of a deterministic relaxation algorithm for edge-preserving regularization in linear inverse problems. This algorithm transforms the original (possibly nonconvex) optimization problem into a sequence of quadratic optimization problems, and has been shown to converge under certain conditions when the original cost functional being minimized is strictly convex. We prove that our more general algorithm is globally convergent (i.e., converges to a local minimum from any initialization) under less restrictive conditions, even when the original cost functional is nonconvex. We apply this algorithm to tomographic reconstruction from limited-angle data by formulating the problem as one of regularized least-squares optimization. The results demonstrate that the constraint of piecewise smoothness, applied through the use of edge-preserving regularization, can provide excellent limited-angle tomographic reconstructions. Two edge-preserving regularizers-one convex, the other nonconvex-are used in numerous simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm under various limited-angle scenarios, and to explore how factors, such as the choice of error norm, angular sampling rate and amount of noise, affect the reconstruction quality and algorithm performance. These simulation results show that for this application, the nonconvex regularizer produces consistently superior results.
The Role of Mitochondrial DNA in the Development of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (2018)

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common occurrence resulting from acute mesenteric ischemia, traumatic or septic shock, burns, and surgical procedures that can lead to multiple organ failure and high mortality in critically ill patients. Mitochondria are often considered the cellular power factory via their capacity for ATP generation. Recently, mitochondria have been further identified as vital regulators of cell death, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which can aggravate I/R injury. Studies have indicated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and aggravates I/R injury. mtDNA is emerging as an agonist of the innate immune system that influences inflammatory pathology during I/R injury. In addition, when mtDNA is released into the cytoplasm, extracellular milieu, or circulation, it can activate multiple pattern-recognition receptors to trigger type I interferon and pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the emerging role of mtDNA in I/R injury to highlight novel mechanistic insights and discuss the pathophysiological relevance of mitochondrial biology.
Structural basis of light chain amyloidogenicity: comparison of the thermodynamic properties, fibrillogenic potential and tertiary structural features of four Vλ6 proteins (2004)

Primary (AL) amyloidosis results from the pathologic deposition of monoclonal light chains as amyloid fibrils. Studies of recombinant-derived variable region (VL) fragments of these proteins have shown an inverse relationship between thermodynamic stability and fibrillogenic potential. Further, ionic interactions within the VL domain were predicted to influence the kinetics of light chain fibrillogenicity, as evidenced from our analyses of a relatively stable Vlambda6 protein (Jto) with a long range electrostatic interaction between Asp and Arg side chains at position 29 and 68, respectively, and an unstable, highly fibrillogenic Vlambda6 protein (Wil) that had neutral amino acids at these locations. To test this hypothesis, we have generated two Jto-related mutants designed to disrupt the interaction between Asp 29 and Arg 68 (JtoD29A and JtoR68S). Although the thermodynamic stabilities of unfolding for these two molecules were identical, they exhibited very different kinetics of fibril formation: the rate of JtoD29A fibrillogenesis was slow and comparable to the parent molecule, whereas that of JtoR68S was significantly faster. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analyses of crystals prepared from the two mutants having the same space group and unit cell dimensions revealed no significant main-chain conformational changes. However, several notable side-chain alterations were observed in JtoR68S, as compared with JtoD29A, that resulted in the solvent exposure of a greater hydrophobic surface and modifications in the electrostatic potential surface. We posit that these differences contributed to the enhanced fibrillogenic potential of the Arg 68 mutant, since both Jto mutants lacked the intrachain ionic interaction and were equivalently unstable. The information gleaned from our studies has provided insight into structural parameters that in addition to overall thermodynamic stability, contribute to the fibril forming propensity of immunoglobulin light chains.
Rechargeable Electrodes from Sodium Cobalt Bronzes (1988)

The sodium cobalt bronze, , has been prepared in four different phases: O3, O'3, P3, and P2. The phase evolution and capacity of these bronzes has been investigated during sodium ion insertion and extraction in a nonaqueous electrolyte. The three phases, O3, O'3, and P3, exhibit equivalent behavior in that, regardless of initial phase, an evolution, O3 ↔ O'3 ↔ P3, occurs within the potential range, 2.3–3.5V. Measured capacity and discharge voltage are equivalent to 300 Wh/kg, and cycle life to 50% capacity is projected to be 340 cycles at 1 mA/cm2. The bronze prepared in the P2 phase exhibits thermodynamically reversible behavior in the potential range, 2.2–4.0V. The P2 phase displays a semi‐empirical energy density, equivalent to 440 Wh/kg as well as superior cycle life (1000 cycles to 50% capacity when cycled from 1.5 to 3.3V at 1 mA/cm2).
The effect of processing wavelength and fluence on the microdrilling of 316 L stainless steel with a diode pumped solid state laser (2006)

Diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSs) with multiwavelength capability have become a powerful tool in laser material processing over the last few years. One application of high beam quality DPSS lasers that has received increased attention lately is the drilling of small diameter (&amp;lt;100 μm) holes through industrially important materials. Processing parameters play an important role and limit the precision of the process. A systematic series of experiments was performed to investigate the effect of the high fluence laser-drilling event in ambient air. From this study suitable processing regimes were established.
Design and synthesis of multidetachable resin supports for solid-phase peptide synthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and synthesis of multidetachable resin supports for solid-phase peptide synthesisJames P. Tam, Foe S. Tjoeng, and R. B. MerrifieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 19, 6117–6127Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00539a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00539a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
State Transition Modeling of the Smoking Behavior Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

The use of sensors has pervaded everyday life in several applications including human activity monitoring, healthcare, and social networks. In this study, we focus on the use of smartwatch sensors to recognize smoking activity. More specifically, we have reformulated the previous work in detection of smoking to include in-context recognition of smoking. Our presented reformulation of the smoking gesture as a state-transition model that consists of the mini-gestures hand-to-lip, hand-on-lip, and hand-off-lip, has demonstrated improvement in detection rates nearing 100% using conventional neural networks. In addition, we have begun the utilization of Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks to allow for in-context detection of gestures with accuracy nearing 97%.
Additive Manufacturing of Lightweight, Optimized, Metallic Components Suitable for Space Flight (2017)

A holistic process flow designed and implemented for additive manufacturing of topology-optimized metallic components suitable for use on satellites is described and demonstrated with two components that are part of the Surrey Satellite Technology, Ltd. technology mission. The holistic process flow begins with part selection and includes topology optimization, finite element analysis verification, additive manufacturing, and an aggressive mechanical and material testing campaign. The case studies used in this work include a camera bracket and a satellite panel insert. Both parts were fabricated under the guidelines of the holistic process flow in a total of eight weeks from concept to verification for flight. The process flow includes verification feedback loops in the design stage and the manufacturing stage. The aggressive testing campaign that is the last step in the process flow is included in order to guarantee the mechanical fidelity of the additively manufactured, produced components intended for flight approval and to demonstrate that the project specifications are met.
E-Cadherin-Deficient Cells Are Sensitive to the Multikinase Inhibitor Dasatinib (2022)

The <i>CDH1</i> gene, encoding the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in gastric cancer and inactivating germline <i>CDH1</i> mutations are responsible for the cancer syndrome hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). <i>CDH1</i>-deficient gastric cancers exhibit high AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (<i>AKT3)</i> expression, but specific drugs against this AKT isoform are not available. We therefore used two publicly available datasets to identify <i>AKT3</i>-associated genes which could be used to indirectly target AKT3. Reactome analysis identified an enrichment of extracellular matrix remodelling genes in <i>AKT3</i>-high gastric cancers. Of the 51 genes that were significantly correlated with <i>AKT3</i> (but not <i>AKT1</i>), discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (<i>DDR2</i>) showed the strongest positive association. Treatment of isogenic human cells and mouse gastric and mammary organoids with dasatinib, a small molecule inhibitor of multiple kinases including SRC, BCR-ABL and DDR2, preferentially slowed the growth and induced apoptosis of E-cadherin-deficient cells. Dasatinib treatment also preferentially slowed the growth of gastric and mammary organoids harbouring both <i>Cdh1</i> and <i>Tp53</i> mutations. In organoid models, dasatinib treatment was associated with decreased phosphorylation of total AKT, with a stronger effect seen in <i>Cdh1</i>-deficient organoids. Treatment with combinations of dasatinib and an inhibitor of AKT, MK2206, enhanced the effect of dasatinib in breast MCF10A cells. In conclusion, targeting the DDR2-SRC-AKT3 axis with dasatinib represents a promising approach for the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of gastric and breast cancers lacking E-cadherin.
A $W$-Band Monolithic Integrated Active Hot and Cold Noise Source (2014)

For application in radiometry or noise measurement systems, an integrated active hot-cold load (AHCL) operating in the W-band (75-110 GHz) is presented and realized as monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit (MMIC). It makes use of a novel circuit topology that employs only a single active noise source and monolithic integrated switches to provide a cold and a hot noise reference temperature. The AHCL provides a measured cold temperature of only 230 K and a hot temperature of 860 K around 94 GHz, thus enabling two-point radiometric calibration and absolute power measurements. The noise source of the AHCL has been fabricated as a two-port test structure too. In that configuration, it has been measured as a low-noise amplifier with a noise figure of 2.5 dB at 94 GHz proving its good noise performance. As a standalone active cold load (ACL), an excellent noise power of only 190 K at 93 GHz is achieved. The AHCL and ACL MMICs have been fabricated in 100-nm gate-length metamorphic high electron-mobility transistor technology.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanofibers by a Diels-Alder Addition Reaction (2007)

This paper reports functionalization of CNF via a Diels-Alder addition reaction and the characterization of the obtained materials. The functionalization was assessed by a calorimetric technique (DSC) and the morphology of CNF modified materials was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functionalization was observed to be dependent on the preparative conditions. Detailed analysis of the CNF modified material surface using TEM, shows a deposited layer homogeneously distributed over the CNF structures with an average thickness of about 15 nm. Finally the chemical activity of the raw CNF and functionalized CNF was analyzed to determine the pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) values. The results obtained showed that the functionalized CNF materials presented enhanced acid activity comparatively with the modified carbonaceous materials reported in literature.
.sigma.-Alkyl and -aryl complexes of the group 4-7 transition metals (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticle.sigma.-Alkyl and -aryl complexes of the group 4-7 transition metalsR. R. Schrock and G. W. ParshallCite this: Chem. Rev. 1976, 76, 2, 243–268Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60300a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60300a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1071Altmetric-Citations236LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The mainframe strikes back (2012)

Contrary to recent trends in database systems research focussing on scaling out workloads on a cluster of commodity computers, this demo will break grounds for scale-up. We show that an elastic multi-tenancy solution can be achieved by combining a many-core server with a low footprint main memory database system. Total transactional throughput for TPC-C like order-entry transactions reaches up to 2 million transactions per second on a 32 core server while the number of tenants sharing a single server can be varied from a few to hundreds of separate tenants without diminishing total throughput. Contrary to common belief, a scale-up solution provides high flexibility for tenants with growing throughput needs and allows for simple sharing of common resources between different tenants while minimizing hardware and computing overhead. We show that our approach can handle changes in tenant requirements with minimal impact on other tenants on the server. Additionally, we prove that our architecture provides sufficient per-tenant throughput to handle big tenants and scales well with database size.
Growth of GaN and AlGaN on (100) β‐Ga2O3 substrates (2012)

Abstract The crystalline quality of GaN and Al 0.08 Ga 0.92 N epitaxial layers on (100) β‐Ga 2 O 3 substrates was significantly improved by the facet‐controlled growth method. The facets were controlled by changing the nitrogen ambient thermal annealing temperature. We demonstrated the high‐crystalline‐quality GaN and Al 0.08 Ga 0.92 N on β‐Ga 2 O 3 substrates, which were comparable to GaN and AlGaN on sapphire substrates using low‐temperature buffer layers. This method is useful for the fabrication of vertical‐type ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on β‐Ga 2 O 3 substrates. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order (2019)

Photocatalytic hydrogen production through ethanol photo-reforming using Na2Ti3O7 whiskers increases if the sodium titanate is decorated with well-known metallic catalysts such as Ni and Pt. Whereas wet impregnation with nickel gives only a slight increase in the activity, photo-deposition of Pt increased the H2 production by more than one order of magnitude. Through the combination of both co-catalysts (Ni and Pt) a superior performance in terms of H2 production is further observed. However, hydrogen yield is largely enhanced (almost three-fold), up to 778 μmol·g−1·h−1, if the Pt is photo-deposited on the surface of the catalyst before wet impregnation with Ni species (NTO/Pt/Ni) compared to H2 yield (283 μmol·g−1·h−1) achieved with the catalyst prepared in the reverse order (NTO/Ni/Pt). Structural, morphological, optical, and chemical characterization was carried out in order to correlate physicochemical properties with their photocatalytic activity. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show a higher concentration of Pt2+ species if this metallic layer is under the nickel oxide layer. Moreover, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) show that Na2Ti3O7 surface is modified for both metal decoration processes.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOSAEUREN UND PEPTIDE 34. MITT. SYNTH. EINER STRUKTUR, DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZUM SCOTOPHOBIN AUFWEIST (1973)

Abstract Nach an sich bekannten Methoden der Peptidchemie wurde das Pentadecapeptid (I) synthetisiert.
Metaphor in Expressing Emotions (2007)

As a most generally accepted device of rhetorical purposes, metaphor or metaphorical language is thought to be the seasoning of language. While this paper presents some existing proof to illustrate far more use of metaphorical language and the functions of metaphor in English language.
Prevention of adverse events of interferon γ gene therapy by gene delivery of interferon γ-heparin-binding domain fusion protein in mice (2014)

Sustained gene delivery of interferon (IFN) γ can be an effective treatment, but our previous study showed high levels of IFNγ-induced adverse events, including the loss of body weight. These unwanted events could be reduced by target-specific delivery of IFNγ after in vivo gene transfer. To achieve this, we selected the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of extracellular superoxide dismutase as a molecule to anchor IFNγ to the cell surface. We designed three IFNγ derivatives, IFNγ-HBD1, IFNγ-HBD2, and IFNγ-HBD3, each of which had 1, 2, or 3 HBDs, respectively. Each plasmid-encoding fusion proteins was delivered to the liver, a model target in this study, by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The serum concentration of IFNγ-HBD2 and IFNγ-HBD3 after gene delivery was lower than that of IFNγ or IFNγ-HBD1. Gene delivery of IFNγ-HBD2, but not of IFNγ-HBD3, effectively increased the mRNA expression of IFNγ-inducible genes in the liver, suggesting liver-specific distribution of IFNγ-HBD2. Gene delivery of IFNγ-HBD2-suppressed tumor growth in the liver as efficiently as that of IFNγ with much less symptoms of adverse effects. These results indicate that the adverse events of IFNγ gene transfer can be prevented by gene delivery of IFNγ-HBD2, a fusion protein with high cell surface affinity.