gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human cytomegalovirus infection (1994)

In recent years there have been major advances in the field of rapid diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections. p72-Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have led to early identification of HCMV isolates from different clinical samples, particularly peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Determination and quantification of viraemia has proven to be particularly useful in the identification of immunocompromized patients with, or at risk for, HCMV disease. The antigenaemia assay represents a major breakthrough, based upon detection of the HCMV lower matrix phosphoprotein (pp65) in nuclei of PBL. Quantitative antigenaemia has been found to be an extremely useful test for diagnosing symptomatic HCMV infection as well as for monitoring the effects of specific antiviral treatment. Recently, HCMV-infected endothelial giant cells have been reported to circulate during disseminated HCMV infections in patients with overt HCMV organ syndromes. In addition, pp65-positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with polyradiculoneuropathy and encephalitis, providing an additional tool for rapid diagnosis of HCMV infections of the nervous system. Finally, DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been extensively used for the detection of HCMV DNA and RNA in clinical samples, and particularly in blood. However, qualitative PCR does not provide clinically useful information, except when DNA is detected in aqueous humor or in cerebrospinal fluid. Quantitative PCR is of greater diagnostic relevance.
Interdependence of driver and pedestrian behavior in naturalistic roadway negotiations (2022)

The difference in behavior patterns associated with the intersection type and level of protection shows that context can mediate the level of negotiation required between drivers and pedestrians. These findings inform how context and driver-pedestrian interactions should be incorporated in future modeling efforts which may, ultimately, support design of automated systems that are able to interact more safely, efficiently, and socially.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Dual-Mode Scramjet Engine Operation and Performance (2006)

Recent analytical advances in understanding the performance continuum (the thermodynamic spectrum) for air-breathing engines based on fundamental second-law considerations have clarified scramjet and ramjet operation, performance, and characteristics. Second-law based analysis is extended specifically in this work to clarify and describe the performance characteristics for dual-mode scramjet operation in the mid-speed range of flight Mach 4 to 7. This is done by a fundamental investigation of the complex but predictable interplay between heat release and irreversibilities in such an engine; results demonstrate the flow and performance character of the dual mode regime and of dual mode transition behavior. Both analytical and computational (multi-dimensional CFD) studies of sample dual-mode flow-fields are performed in order to demonstrate the second-law capability and performance and operability issues. The impact of the dual-mode regime is found to be characterized by decreasing overall irreversibility with increasing heat release, within the operability limits of the system.
Implicit functional testing for analog circuits (2002)

We propose an efficient approach to functional testing for linear time-invariant (LTI) analog circuits. By using proper signatures (impulse response samples) to infer the satisfaction/violation of the specifications for the performance parameters (we call such a procedure implicit functional testing), we can achieve over 90% fault and yield coverages based on only a small number of signatures. We use the pseudo-random technique to estimate the impulse response samples. Our approach is effective in terms of costs of test equipments and production testing time. We also present simulation results to illustrate the effects of the randomness of the estimated impulse response samples on the fault and yield coverages.
An ebXML infrastructure implementation through UDDI registries and RosettaNet PIPs (2002)

Today's Internet based businesses need a level of interoperability which will allow trading partners to seamlessly and dynamically come together and do business without ad hoc and proprietary integrations. Such a level of interoperability involves being able to find potential business partners, discovering their services and business processes, and conducting business "on the fly". This process of dynamic interoperation is only possible through standard B2B frameworks. Indeed a number of B2B electronic commerce standard frameworks have emerged recently. Although most of these standards are overlapping and competing, each with its own strenghts and weeknesses, a closer investigation reveals that they can be used in a manner to complement one another.In this paper we describe such an implementation where an ebXML infrastructure is developed by exploiting the Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) registries and RosettaNet Partner Interface Processes (PIPs). ebXML is an ambitious effort and produced detailed specifications of an infrastructure both for B2B and B2C e-commerce. However a public ebXML compliant registry/repository mechanism is not available yet. On the other hand, UDDI's approach to developing a registry has been a lot simpler and public registries are available. In ebXML, trading parties collaborate by agreeing on the same business process with complementary roles. Therefore there is a need for standardized business processes. In this respect, exploiting the already developed expertise through RosettaNet PIPs becomes indispensable. We show how to create and use ebXML "Binary Collaborations" based on RosettaNet PIPs and provide a GUI tool to allow users to graphically build their ebXML business processes by combining RosettaNet PIPs. In ebXML, trading parties reveal essential information about themselves through Collaboration Protocol Profiles (CPPs). To conduct business, an agreement between parties is necessary and this is expressed
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aldehydes by a One‐Carbon Homologation of Ketones and Aldehydes via α,β‐Unsaturated Isocyanides. (1987)

Abstract Wittig‐Horner‐Emmons reaction of the keto compounds (I) with the phosphonate (II) followed by acid hydrolysis of the intermediately formed isocyanides (III) gives the chain‐elongated aldehydes (IV).
A multi‐ontology framework to guide agriculture and food towards diet and health (2007)

Abstract Global increases in metabolic diseases that can be influenced by diet have re‐emphasized the importance of considering how different foods can improve human health. The entire agricultural enterprise has an unprecedented opportunity to increase its value by producing foods that improve the health of consumers. Research efforts in agriculture/food science/nutrition are endeavoring to do so, although little tangible success has been achieved. At the core of the problem is a failure to define the goal itself: health. Health, as a scientifically measurable concept, is poorly defined relative to disease, and yet consensus‐based, curated vocabularies that describe the multiple variations in human health in useful terms are critical to unifying the scientific fields related to agriculture and nutrition. Each of the life‐science disciplines relating to health has developed databases, thesauri, and/or ontologies to capture such knowledge. High‐throughput and ‐omic technologies are expanding both the amount and heterogeneity of available information. Unfortunately, the language used to describe substantially similar (even logically equivalent) concepts is often different between information systems. Increasing the future value of agriculture, therefore, will depend on creating a process for generating common ontologies of the concept of health, and guiding the development of a common language. This paper illustrates a framework for integrating heterogeneous ontologies into interdisciplinary, foods‐for‐health knowledge systems. A common system of language that describes health and is shared by all the life‐science disciplines will provide immediate benefits in terms of increased health‐claim regulatory efficiencies and predictive functions for individualized diets. Ultimately, these vocabularies will guide agriculture to its next goal of producing health‐enhancing foods. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Sestamibi Scanning Is Inadequate for Directing Unilateral Neck Exploration for First-Time Parathyroidectomy (1997)

Sestamibi scanning, although helpful, is inadequate for directing unilateral neck exploration for first-time parathyroidectomy. Surgeons who perform unilateral neck exploration based on the results of sestamibi scanning will record a higher failure rate and incur higher costs than those who perform bilateral neck exploration for first-time parathyroidectomy.
Tunnel Boring Machines (2003)

Tunneling in hard rock with tunnel boring machines is one of the most mechanized construction processes. Mechanization also applies to the installation of the temporary excavation support and the final lining. Computer-aided process systems have been developed, including: (1) sensor-supported gathering and computer-aided storage of all relevant tunnel operational and survey data; (2) computer-aided visualization and control of the most important boring machine systems; and (3) computer-aided, process-oriented control of all operational processes. Presented here are recent tunneling developments related to gripper and shielded boring machines. In the case of gripper boring machines, particular focus is directed to innovations such as the installation of ground stabilization directly behind the cutter head and adequate logistics to the excavation by engineered “back-up” systems. The back-up system requirements necessary to maintain the high performance of shielded boring machines are enumerated.
The role of Bak-mediated dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in radiosensitivity of Bax-negative human prostate cancer cells (2015)

In the radiotherapy of localised cancers, susceptibility of tumour and normal cells to undergo radiation-induced programmed cell death is an important prognostic factor. Mitochondria-mediated cell death is often preceded by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential. This study investigates whether human prostate cancer cells would preferentially die via the mitochondria-mediated pathway after photon and neutron irradiation. Bax-negative human prostate cancer cells were irradiated with p(66)/Be neutrons or 60Co -rays, in the absence or presence of an inhibitor of Bak translocation to mitochondria. Dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the DePsipherTM kit. Cell survival was assessed using the colony forming assay. The dose response for the dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential was clearly dependent on radiation type, and the presence of the Bak inhibitor during irradiation almost completely abolished this process. This was paralleled by a significant enhancement in radioresistance in the presence of the inhibitor. These data indicate that, in Bax-negative tumours, Bak availability may lead to significant increases in the radiosensitivity, and can result in an enhanced therapeutic benefit.
ON THE ALGEBRAIC AND DIFFERENTIAL FORMS OF DARCY'S EQUATION (2011)

Darcy's law is a cornerstone of the quantitative analysis of flow in porous medium systems. A considerable amount of work subsequent to that performed by Darcy has extended the original algebraic form of Darcy's law to a variety of commonly used forms, including a form posed in terms of the differential of the macroscale pressure of the fluid. Results from both a megascopic and macroscopic analysis of single-fluid-phase flow are used to show that a standard form of Darcy's law posed in terms of a gradient of macroscale fluid pressures neglects a term that is related to the gradient in porosity and subscale pressure variations.We examine several approaches for proper inclusion of this term. The analysis shows that posing the macroscale Darcy equation in terms of gravitational and chemical potentials is the natural form and does not require the artificial redefinition of fundamental thermodynamic quantities. Finally, we provide a simple example of a physical system that illustrates the completed form of a Darcy equation expressed in standard pressure form and comment on the importance of this development for more complicated multiphase flow problems.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Wiedendiol‐A from (+)‐Sclareolide. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Two-Wavelength Phase Control</title> (1979)

A method is described for control of optical path length over a range of many optical wavelengths. The operational concept utilizes phase error signals from a pair of selected wavelengths of a multiline laser to generate unambiguous feedback control signals. A problem encountered in single wavelength phase control results with phase disturbances greater than the optical wavelength. The two wavelength technique provides synthetic long wave length error signals generated by beating a pair of single line error signals. The resulting long wavelength error signals in conjunction with single wavelength error signals are employed for control over an extended phase range of many wavelengths. The theory of two wavelength phase control is first presented for multidither and phase conjugate configurations. The latter is shown to have distinct advantages with regard to ease of implementation and performance potential. An operational two wavelength phase control system employing heterodyne phase measurement is then described along with experimental results of open and closed loop performance. The results verify theoretical predictions and indicate extended range phase control with fast response.
Tool support for randomized unit testing (2006)

There are several problem areas that must be addressed when applying randomization to unit testing. As yet no general, fully automated solution that works for all units has been proposed. We therefore have developed RUTE-J, a Java package intended to help programmers do randomized unit testing in Java. In this paper, we describe RUTE-J and illustrate how it supports the development of per-unit solutions for the problems of randomized unit testing. We report on an experiment in which we applied RUTE-J to the standard Java TreeMap class, measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of the technique. We also illustrate the use of randomized testing in experimentation, by adapting RUTE-J so that it generates randomized minimal covering test suites, and measuring the effectiveness of the test suites generated.
On the Regulation of Mutual Fund Fee Structures (1998)

We propose a new framework for the analysis of mutual funds and use it to examine the rationale behind existing regulations that require mutual fund adviser to be of the variety. We find little justification for the regulations. Indeed, we find that asymmetric fees in which the adviser receives a flat fee plus a bonus for exceeding a benchmark index provide Pareto-dominant outcomes with a lower level of equilibrium volatility. Our model also offers some insight into fee structures actually in use in the asset-management industry. We find that when leveraging is not permitted and the fee structure must be of the fulcrum variety, the equilibrium fee in our model is a flat fee with no performance component; while if asymmetric incentive are allowed and leveraging is permitted the equilibrium fee is an incentive fee with a large performance component. These predictions match observed fee structures in the mutual fund industry and the hedge fund industry, respectively.
Detection and clustering analysis of crackles in respiratory sounds (1992)

In this work, a method for crackle detection is proposed using two-level thresholding of the energy envelopes of the respiratory sounds. The results of the clustering analysis based on the agglomerative hierarchical clustering of crackle features are given. Detection was performed on the respiratory sound waveforms recorded from nine patients having obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. Four parameters, initial deflection width (IDW), two cycle duration (2CD), total duration (TD), and peak frequency (PF), were then extracted from the detected crackles and were used as features in the clustering process.
Varying Importance of Soluble and Membrane CD14 in Endothelial Detection of Lipopolysaccharide (2008)

Abstract The endothelial response to LPS is critical in the recruitment of leukocytes, thereby allowing the host to survive Gram-negative infection. Herein, we investigated the roles of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and membrane CD14 (mCD14) in the endothelial response to low level LPS (0.1 ng/ml), intermediate level LPS (10 ng/ml), and high level LPS (1000 ng/ml). Removal of sCD14 from serum and sCD14-negative serum prevented low level LPS detection and subsequent response. Addition of recombinant sCD14 back into the endothelial system rescued the endothelial response. GPI-linked mCD14 removal from endothelium or endothelial treatment with a CD14 mAb prevented responses to low-level LPS even in the presence of sCD14. This demonstrates essential nonoverlapping roles for both mCD14 and sCD14 in the detection of low-level LPS. At intermediate levels of LPS, sCD14 was not required, but blocking mCD14 still prevented endothelial LPS detection and E-selectin expression, even in the presence of sCD14, suggesting that sCD14 cannot substitute for mCD14. At very high levels of LPS, the absence of mCD14 and sCD14 did not abrogate TLR4-dependent, E-selectin synthesis in response to LPS. The MyD88 independent pathway was detected in endothelium (presence of TRIF-related adaptor molecule TRAM). The MyD88-independent response (IFN-β) in endothelium required mCD14 even at the highest LPS dose tested. Our results demonstrate an essential role for endothelial mCD14 that cannot be replaced by sCD14. Furthermore, we have provided evidence for a TRAM pathway in endothelium that is dependent on mCD14 even when other responses are no longer mCD14 dependent.
Subject Choice and Occupational Aspirations among Pupils at Girls' Schools (2003)

Abstract Various studies have found that British girls' curriculum subject preferences and future aspirations have changed and diversified in recent years. Other work has suggested that girls educated in single-sex schools might have a different (perhaps less gender-stereotypical) experience of education in comparison with their contemporaries at co-educational schools. This article draws on a study of the preferences of girls in English single-sex schools to explore these issues of subject choice and occupational aspiration further. It is argued that, like girls in mixed-sex secondary schools, single-sex schoolgirls' subject preferences have become more diverse and less gender-stereotypical than was the case twenty years ago. But where single-sex schoolgirls might have been expected to rate maths and science more highly than their counterparts in mixed-sex schools, the reverse was the case. Our findings support the argument that girls are now significantly more academically focused and ambitious for their future occupations than they were twenty years ago. However, we argue that a gender dichotomy remains evident in the types of future occupation chosen by girls.
27 PROTEIN C (PC), PROTEIN S (PS) AND ANTITHROMBIN III (ATIII) IN CHILDREN WITH PORTAL VEIN OBSTRUCTION (1995)

Hépatotogie pédiatique, Hôpital Bictre, 94275 Le Kremlin Bictre, and Laboratoire d'hématologie,Hôpitel Antoine Bédère, 92140 Clamart, France.
Uronium salts from polymeric N-hydroxysuccinimide (P-HOSu) as new solid-supported peptide coupling reagents (2003)

The new polymeric uronium salts P-TSTU and P-HSTU have been prepared from polymeric Nhydroxysuccinimide (P-HOSu) and used as solid-supported reagents for peptide coupling reactions. The P-HOSu liberated can be recovered by simple filtration and reused for the preparation of new reagents.
Isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellite DNA markers in the oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhyncus) (2009)

We designed 10 new microsatellite markers for the oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhyncus) and tested them on 44 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from two to 12 with an average of five, while the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.273 to 1.0. Linkage disequilibrium was not found. These markers are being used in a study of the ecology of this species in Taiwan. We also tested their utility on eight other raptor species.
A fast Monte Carlo GPU based algorithm for particle breakage (2017)

An algorithm for simulating the particle population balance in case of breakage is designed to function on a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) in a Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The GPU lowers the computational cost of the particle breakage simulation, which is generally complex and demanding. We simulate particle breakage by a Population Balance-Monte Carlo (PB-MC) simulation method. Data analysis has confirmed that use of the GPU accelerates the execution of the MC program. The computational time of the algorithm linearly increases with the number of simulation entries (SEs). Here, an all-inclusive framework that accelerates the PB-MC simulation of particle breakage dynamics is introduced. The computational efficiency of the simulation method was significantly improved by the parallel computing approach enabled by the GPU. A fast acceptance-rejection (AR) and inverse scheme based algorithm that speeds up the performance of the PB-MC method has been implemented and validated. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is O(N).
Microwave Heating Patents* (1972)

ABSTRACTA compilation of United States Patents relating to the utilization of micro- wave fields as an energy source in domestic, commercial and industrial applications, containing patents up to and including January 11, 1972. Notes* This list of Mr Gerlirm’s was originally published in the impi Short Course Proc., 1971. The author has idly undated il from April 20. 1971, to the present, for which the Editor is particularly grateful The author States that Genesys will be more than pleased to provide, at no charge, single copies of a limited number of the patents listed to anyone so requesting on their company letterhead.
CdSe Quantum Dot-Based Nanocomposites for Ultralow-Power Memristors (2022)

The explosion in digital communication with the huge amount of data and the internet of things (IoT) led to the increasing demand for data storage technology with faster operation speed, high-density stacking, nonvolatility, and low power consumption for saving energy. Metal chalcogenide-based quantum dots (QDs) show excellent nonvolatile resistive memory behavior owing to their tunable electronic states and control in trap states by passivating the surface with different ligands. Here, we synthesized high-quality colloidal monodispersed CdSe QDs by the hot injection method. The CdSe QDs were blended with an organic polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP), to fabricate an Al\CdSe-PVP\Al device. Our device shows excellent bipolar nonvolatile resistive random access memory (RRAM) switching behavior with a high current ON/OFF ratio (ION/OFF) of 6.1 × 104, and it consumes ultralow power. The charge trapping and detrapping in the potential well formed by the CdSe QD and PVP combination result in resistive switching. This CdSe-PVP-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) device with a high ION/OFF, ultrafast switching speed, high endurance, low operating voltage, and long retention period can be used as a high-performance and ultralow-power memristive device.