gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap for directivity enhancement of waveguide antennas (2005)

A deformed 1D electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) is constructed by finite dielectric discs staked in front of the antenna. The dielectric discs of quarter-dielectric-wavelength thickness separated by a quarter wavelength and placed a half wavelength from the flanged waveguide aperture are studied. Such an arrangement enhances the antenna directivity. The effect of different parameters on the antenna directivity is investigated when one finite disc is considered. Two dielectric discs are also studied and show that the directivity increases further as the number of discs increases. The analysis is carried out numerically using a method of moments (MoM) code for bodies of revolution. Two antennas are build to verify the effect of the dielectric disc on the antenna directivity. It is found that this concept is valid regardless of the aperture shape. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 430–434, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21192
A Grade Transition Strategy for the Prevention of Melting and Agglomeration of Particles in an Ethylene Polymerization Reactor (2005)

To satisfy the diverse product quality specifications required by the broad range of polyethylene applications, polymerization plants are forced to operate under frequent grade transition policies. During the grade transition, the reactor temperature must be kept within the narrow range between the gas dew point and the polymer melting point, otherwise the particles melt or agglomerate inside the reactor. In the present study, a dynamic well-mixed reactor model is used to develop a grade transition strategy to prevent melting and agglomeration of particles in an ethylene polymerization reactor. The model predicts the conditions under which the temperature of the reactor is outside the allowable range in continuous grade transition. Manipulation of feed flow and cooling water flow rates has shown that the reactor temperature cannot be maintained within the allowable range. Hence, a semi-continuous grade transition strategy is used for this case so that the temperature is maintained within the allowable range. In addition, several continuous and semi-continuous grade transition strategies for the production of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are compared.
Molecular Insights into Quorum Sensing in the Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Structure of the Virulence Regulator LasR Bound to Its Autoinducer (2007)

Many Gram-negative bacteria communicate via molecules called autoinducers to coordinate the activities of their populations. Such communication is termed quorum sensing and can regulate pathogenic virulence factor production and antimicrobial resistance. The quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is currently the most intensively researched, because this bacterium is an opportunistic human pathogen annually responsible for the death of thousands of cystic fibrosis sufferers and many other immunocompromised individuals. Quorum sensing inhibitors can attenuate the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. Here we present the crystal structure of the P. aeruginosa LasR ligand-binding domain bound to its autoinducer 3-oxo-C(12)-acylhomoserine lactone. The structure is a symmetrical dimer, with each monomer exhibiting an alpha-beta-alpha fold similar to the TraR and SdiA quorum sensing proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Escherichia coli. The structure was determined up to 1.8-A resolution and reveals the atomic interactions between LasR and its autoinducer. The monomer structures of LasR, TraR, and SdiA are comparable but display differences in their quaternary organization. Inspection of their binding sites shows some unexpected variations resulting in quite different conformations of their bound autoinducers. We modeled interactions between LasR and various quorum sensing inhibitors, yielding insight into their possible mechanisms of action. The structure also provides a platform for the optimization, or de novo design, of quorum sensing inhibitors.
Special issue on ‘mechanics of composite adhesive joints and repairs’ (2017)

Adhesive bonding is almost ubiquitous and is increasingly being used in a wide array of industries, where innovative joints/repairs and a variety of material combinations are inevitable to realize ...
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound as Noninvasive Therapy for Multilocal Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Study and Review of The Literature (2002)

In our case contactless noninvasive application of high intensity focused ultrasound to 2 renal carcinomas achieved thermal ablation. When high intensity focused ultrasound energy was coupled correctly, no lesions occurred outside of the target area. Successful high intensity focused ultrasound application depended on optimum energy coupling, a sufficiently high ultrasound energy level and general anesthesia.
Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the Lotus valve: first-in-man experience (2016)

The transaortic access is a feasible and safe alternative in patients who have suboptimal iliofemoral conduits and who will benefit from the unique features of the Lotus THV.
Response: Commentary: Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses (2022)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Immunol., 12 April 2022Sec. Inflammation Volume 13 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.853015
Endosonography for Preoperative Locoregional Staging of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer (1993)

To assess the accuracy and limitations of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the preoperative staging of esophageal and gastric carcinoma, we performed a prospective controlled study over a five year period. Data from 63 patients with esophageal cancer and 147 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery were available for comparison of the endosonographic TNM classification to the histophathological findings of the resected specimens. The overall accuracy of EUS in the assessment of tumor infiltration depth was 85.7% and 78% in esophageal and gastric cancer, respectively. The sensitivity of EUS in the detection of regional lymph node metastases was 90% in esophageal and 87% in gastric carcinoma. The most frequent causes of misdiagnoses by endosonography were microscopic tumor invasion and peritumorous inflammatory changes. The inability to traverse a tumor stenosis restricted the endosonographic evaluation in 31.6 and 14% of the cases with esophageal and gastric cancer, respectively.
Syntactic error modeling and scoring normalization in speech recognition (1991)

The objective was to develop the speech recognition system to be able to detect speech which is pronounced incorrectly, given that the text of the spoken speech is known to the recognizer. Research was performed in the following areas: (1) syntactic error modeling; (2) score normalization; and (3) phoneme error modeling. The study into the types of errors that a reader makes will provide the basis for creating tests which will approximate the use of the system in the real world. NASA-Johnson will develop this technology into a 'Literacy Tutor' in order to bring innovative concepts to the task of teaching adults to read.
Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde, Hematotoxicity, and Leukemia-Specific Chromosome Changes in Cultured Myeloid Progenitor Cells (2010)

There are concerns about the health effects of formaldehyde exposure, including carcinogenicity, in light of elevated indoor air levels in new homes and occupational exposures experienced by workers in health care, embalming, manufacturing, and other industries. Epidemiologic studies suggest that formaldehyde exposure is associated with an increased risk of leukemia. However, the biological plausibility of these findings has been questioned because limited information is available on the ability of formaldehyde to disrupt hematopoietic function. Our objective was to determine if formaldehyde exposure disrupts hematopoietic function and produces leukemia-related chromosome changes in exposed humans. We examined the ability of formaldehyde to disrupt hematopoiesis in a study of 94 workers in China (43 exposed to formaldehyde and 51 frequency-matched controls) by measuring complete blood counts and peripheral stem/progenitor cell colony formation. Further, myeloid progenitor cells, the target for leukemogenesis, were cultured from the workers to quantify the level of leukemia-specific chromosome changes, including monosomy 7 and trisomy 8, in metaphase spreads of these cells. Among exposed workers, peripheral blood cell counts were significantly lowered in a manner consistent with toxic effects on the bone marrow and leukemia-specific chromosome changes were significantly elevated in myeloid blood progenitor cells. These findings suggest that formaldehyde exposure can have an adverse effect on the hematopoietic system and that leukemia induction by formaldehyde is biologically plausible, which heightens concerns about its leukemogenic potential from occupational and environmental exposures.
Studies on the Syntheses of Dialkyl Diphenates and their Properties (1959)

For the utilization of diphenic acid, several dialkyl diphenates (i., e. methyl-, ethyl, n-& i-propyl, n-& i-butyl-, n-& i-amyl, n-hexyl-, n-& i-octyl-) were prepared by the conventional method of esterification, and some of their physical properties, especially their adaptability as plasticizers for poly (vinyl chloride) were measured.From the point of volatility, higher members of them are all reasonable enough, but in compatibility they are more or less inferior to DOP as plasticizers for poly (vinyl chloride). Tensile strength, 100% modulus and elongation were also measured.
Corrosion Study of Carbon Steel in CO2Loaded Amine-Amino Acid Solutions-Case of Mixtures of NMethyldiethanolamine and L-Arginine (2018)

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This research presents an electrochemical corrosion investigation to quantify the corrosiveness of carbon steel in blends of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and arginine (Arg) at two molar concentration and different solvent proportions. The selected temperatures range varied from 20 °C to 50 °C and the CO2 partial pressure was in the range of 49-100 kPa. The obtained data showed increased corrosion rate with increased CO2 partial pressure and increased the temperature of the solution. However, when added to MDEA, arginine was found to act as an inhibitor, the higher Arginine proportion in the mixture, the more inhibition effect was observed.
Synthesis of Optically Active O,O,O-Trimethylkorupensamines A and B (1996)

Hydrolysis of benzofuran derivative (10) with concomitant aromatisation produced t h e biaryl system (11).Subsequent Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of t h e cinnamyl alcohol (13) gave atropisomers ( 14) and ( 15) conveniently separated by chromatography.Independent derivatisation of naphthylisoquinoline ring with 14 and 15 furnished korupensamine analogues (18) and (19).Comparison of C D spectra with those of natural products assigned t h e stereostructures of 1 8 and 19.Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids a r e associated with many biological activities, including t h e potent anti-HIV-I and anti-HIV-I1 activities shown by dimeric alkaloids, michellamines
Nanopelz gegen die Ölpest (2016)

Einige Schwimmfarne können in kurzer Zeit große Mengen Öl aufnehmen, denn ihre Blätter sind zugleich stark wasserabstoßend und in hohem Maße ölabsorbierend. Eine Forschergruppe des KIT hat gemeinsam mit Kollegen der Universität Bonn herausgefunden, dass die Wasserpflanze die ölbindende Eigenschaft der haarähnlichen Mikrostruktur ihrer Blattoberfläche verdankt. Sie dient nun als Vorbild, um das Material Nanofur weiterzuentwickeln, das Ölverschmutzungen umweltfreundlich beseitigen soll.
RESEARCH ARTICLE - Minibioreactor-gas collector for determining bacteria-produced hydrogensulfide (2003)

A simple and economical minibioreactor-gas collector system for determination of hydrogen sulfide produced by a microorganism was designed. The detection of hydrogen sulfide was based on the reaction between the hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream from the culture, and a lead acetate solution 0.090 mol/L, contained in a tube gas collector; the conductimetric back titration of lead excess was made, and hydrogen sulfide was quantified indirectly, being the detection limit 0.5 µmol. The developed system was applied using Tsukamurella paurometabola DSM 20162 as a model, being the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced, 1.2 µmol in 24 hrs.
<title>Interchangeable LCDs reduce cost and risk</title> (2001)

Proliferation of aircraft cockpit display types and sizes results in increased cost and risk to US Air Force, Navy and Army aircraft programs. As AMLCD technology improves, modules used in current production display units become obsolete, and in most cases there is no interchangeable replacement module immediately available. This paper discusses the use of standard AMLCD modules across multiple programs as a way to prevent programs from being so dependent on obsolete or unique devices in the future. It also suggests a list of display sizes and types that are good candidates for wide application and are thus less sensitive to events like the closing of one component manufacturer. One standardization effort, presented as a success story in this paper, resulted in the same AMLCD being used on 4 diverse programs. This display module will be built at a rate of nearly 1000 per year over the next 5 years.
The design and development of a system for controlling automotive functions using speech recognition (2006)

As car manufacturer installed more electronic control interfaces like Wifi, Bluetooth or infrared systems, the maneuverability and accessibility of the automobile itself is enhanced. We opted for personal digital assistant (PDA) which has the capabilities of a computer yet compact enough to be mounted on car’s dashboard. The PDA is equipped with automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, thus providing the mean for activating devices via voice. Other benefits gained from using PDA includes easy upgradeability of the ASR engine and resolving the portability issue as consumers may own more than a single car. Apart from the embedded Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based ASR engine, we developed a prototype engine denoted as Support Vector Machine-Dynamic Shifting Window (SVM-DSW) to accommodate speaker independent mode. SVM-DSW is targeted for applications that demand accuracy and reliability. Accuracy gets top priority in high risk tasks such as driving or piloting, surgical procedures, etc. where the slightest error gives disastrous consequences. Consistency is also of paramount prerequisite because the accuracy has to be reproducible time and time again without failure. SVM-DSW has both of these qualities as well as being low in computational cost (using whole word recognition unit and embedded grammar rule) allows it to be ported into Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. Voice activated household appliances could also benefit from such integration.
Versatile Gradients of Covalently Bound Proteins on Microstructured Substrates (2012)

In this work, we propose an easy method to produce highly tunable gradients of covalently bound proteins on topographically modified poly(methyl methacrylate). We used a microfluidic approach to obtain linear gradients with high slope (0.5 pmol·cm(-2)·mm(-1)), relevant at the single-cell level. These protein gradients were characterized using fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Both experimental results and theoretical modeling on the protein gradients generated have proved them to be highly reproducible, stable up to 7 days, and easily tunable. This method enables formation of versatile cell culture platforms combining both complex biochemical and physical cues in an attempt to approach in vitro cell culture methods to in vivo cellular microenvironments.
Phenomenological modelling of phase transitions with hysteresis in solid/liquid PCM (2019)

Technical-grade and mixed solid/liquid phase change materials (PCM) typically melt and solidify over a temperature range, sometimes exhibiting thermal hysteresis. Three phenomenological phase transition models are presented which are directly parametrized using data from complete melting and solidification experiments. They predict hysteresis phenomena and are used to calculate effective PCM properties. Two models have already been implemented in commercial building simulation and/or multiphysics software, but not the third novel model. Applications are presented for two commercial PCM: a paraffin, and a salt water mixture with additives. Numerical implementation aspects are discussed, and significant differences in the predicted absorbed and released heat are highlighted when simulating consecutive incomplete phase transitions. The models are linked with energy balance equations to predict recorded PCM temperatures of a thermal energy storage. The cross-validation with data from 26 partial load conditions clearly indicate a superior predictive performance of the novel hysteresis model.
A Non-targeted Approach to Chemical Discrimination Between Green Tea Dietary Supplements and Green Tea Leaves by HPLC/MS (2011)

Green tea-based dietary supplements (GTDSs) have gained popularity in the U.S. market in recent years. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition difference of GTDS in comparison with green tea leaves using an HPLC/MS fingerprinting technique coupled with chemometric analysis. Five components that are most responsible for class separation among samples were identified as (-) epicatechin gallate, strictinin, trigalloylglucose, quercetin-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnosylglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-galactosyl-rhamnosylglucoside, according to the accurate mass measurements and MS/MS data. The similarity coefficients between the GTDSs in solid form with green tea were 0.55 to 0.91, while for the GTDSs in liquid form they were 0.12 to 0.89, which suggested that chemical composition variance across the GTDSs was significant. Flavonol aglycone concentrations were higher in GTDSs than in tea leaves, indicating the degradation of flavonol glycosides or the oxidation of catechin during the manufacturing and storage processes. In some GTDS samples, compounds were identified that were on the label. The results demonstrate the urgency of QC for GTDS products.
Organic/Inorganic-Based Flexible Membrane for a Room-Temperature Electronic Gas Sensor (2022)

A room temperature (RT) H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensor based on organic-inorganic nanocomposites has been developed by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) into a conductivity-controlled organic polymer matrix. A homogeneous solution containing poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and ionic liquid (IL) and further doped with ZnO NPs was used for the fabrication of a flexible membrane (approx. 200 μm in thickness). The sensor was assessed for its performance against hazardous gases at RT (23 °C). The obtained sensor exhibited good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 15 ppm, and a fast time response (24 ± 3 s) toward H<sub>2</sub>S gas. The sensor also showed excellent repeatability, long-term stability and selectivity toward H<sub>2</sub>S gas among other test gases. Furthermore, the sensor depicted a high flexibility, low cost, easy fabrication and low power consumption, thus holding great promise for flexible electronic gas sensors.
Tankyrase 1 Interacts with Mcl-1 Proteins and Inhibits Their Regulation of Apoptosis (2003)

Mcl-1L (myeloid cell leukemia-1 long) is an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein discovered as an early induction gene during leukemia cell differentiation. Previously, we identified Mcl-1S (short) as a short splicing variant of the Mcl-1 gene with proapoptotic activity. To identify Mcl-1-interacting proteins, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening and found cDNAs encoding tankyrase 1. This protein possesses poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and presumably facilitates the turnover of substrates following ADP-ribosylation. In yeast and mammalian cells, tankyrase 1 interacts with both Mcl-1L and Mcl-1S, but does not bind to other Bcl-2 family proteins tested. Analysis of truncated tankyrase 1 mutants indicated that the first 10 ankyrin repeats are involved in interaction with Mcl-1. In the N terminus of Mcl-1, a stretch of 25 amino acids is sufficient for binding to tankyrase 1. Overexpression of tankyrase 1 antagonizes both Mcl-1L-mediated cell survival and Mcl-1S-induced cell death. Furthermore, coexpression of tankyrase 1 with Mcl-1L or Mcl-1S decreased the levels of Mcl-1 proteins. Although tankyrase 1 down-regulates Mcl-1 protein expression, no ADP-ribosylation of Mcl-1 was detected. In contrast, overexpression of Mcl-1 proteins suppressed the ADP-ribosylation of the telomeric repeat binding factor 1, another tankyrase 1-interacting protein. Thus, interaction of Mcl-1L and Mcl-1S with tankyrase 1 could serve as a unique mechanism to decrease the expression of these Bcl-2 family proteins, thereby leading to the modulation of the apoptosis pathway.
[Plasma cell leukaemia]. (2006)

We report a case of primary plasma cell leukaemia, with an absolute count of plasma cells of 53 Giga/L, diagnosed in a 83-year-old woman. The patient's condition improved, with no circulating plasma cells after 3 weeks of treatment, in response to the combination of thalidomide and dexamethasone administered for 5 days followed by thalidomide alone. The clinical presentation, the morphological, flow cytometric and pathophysiological characteristics of the plasma cell leukaemia and the treatment are summarised in this paper.
Regulation of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Nitrogen Mustard (NM)-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Lung Lipids (2019)

Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a vesicant known to target the lung, causing acute injury which progresses to fibrosis. Evidence suggests that activated macrophages contribute to the pathologic response to NM. In these studies, we analyzed the role of lung lipids generated following NM exposure on macrophage activation and phenotype. Treatment of rats with NM (0.125 mg/kg, i.t.) resulted in a time-related increase in enlarged vacuolated macrophages in the lung. At 28 days postexposure, macrophages stained positively for Oil Red O, a marker of neutral lipids. This was correlated with an accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in lung macrophages and epithelial cells and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) phospholipids and cholesterol. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that lipid handling pathways under the control of the transcription factors liver-X receptor (LXR), farnesoid-X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-ɣ, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) were significantly altered following NM exposure. Whereas at 1-3 days post NM, FXR and the downstream oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, Cd36, were increased, Lxr and the lipid efflux transporters, Abca1 and Abcg1, were reduced. Treatment of naïve lung macrophages with phospholipid and cholesterol enriched large aggregate fractions of BAL prepared 3 days after NM exposure resulted in upregulation of Nos2 and Ptgs2, markers of proinflammatory activation, whereas large aggregate fractions prepared 28 days post NM upregulated expression of the anti-inflammatory markers, Il10, Cd163, and Cx3cr1, and induced the formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages. These data suggest that NM-induced alterations in lipid handling and metabolism drive macrophage foam cell formation, potentially contributing to the development of pulmonary fibrosis.