gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum-Doped SnO2Hollow Microspheres as Photoanode Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2016)

Al doped SnO 2 microspheres were prepared through hydrothermal method. As-prepared SnO 2 microspheres were applied as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The properties of the assembled DSCs were significantly improved, especially the open-circuit voltage. The reason for the enhancement was explored through the investigation of dark current curves and electrochemistry impedance spectra. These results showed that the Al doping significantly increased the reaction resistance of recombination reactions and restrained the dark current. The efficient lifetime of photoexcited electrons was also obviously lengthened.
Enhancement of throughput and fairness in 4G wireless access systems by non-orthogonal signaling (2009)

Besides having significantly enhanced throughput, fourth generation (4G) cellular wireless access systems are expected to be cost efficient and provide sufficient performance even at the cell edge. This paper proposes a new method, called radial space-division multiple access (RDMA) for improving the system's spectral efficiency significantly and providing fairness among users without increasing the number of antennas and without requiring fast backbone communication and synchronization between base stations. The basic idea is to approach the capacity of the multi-user channel under fairness constraints by exploiting not only the angular dimension of space, as in space-division multiple access (SDMA), but also the radial dimension. Non-orthogonal signaling for simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over the same radio resource and joint detection in the receiver are used. Significant throughput gains are achieved with low complexity methods requiring only long term channel statistics and no instantaneous channel state information at the transmitter. Detailed link and first simple system-level simulation results in the context of the evolution of IEEE 802.16/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems towards 802.16m show that system throughput can be doubled without requiring more advanced analog hardware or increasing bandwidth or transmit power.
Analysis of Hazardous Biological Materials by MALDI Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Analysis of Hazardous Biological Materials by MALDI Mass Spectrometry
Efficient insertion of genes into the mouse germ line via retroviral vectors. (1985)

We present a general strategy for the efficient insertion of recombinant retroviral vector DNA into the mouse germ line via infection of preimplantation mouse embryos. Transgenic mice were generated that harbor a replication-competent recombinant retrovirus (delta Mo + Py M-MuLV) that lacks the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-type enhancer sequence in the long terminal repeat (LTR). Instead, the LTR contains an enhancer element that permits polyoma virus F101 to grow in undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Expression studies in different tissues of animals transgenic for delta Mo + Py M-MuLV indicate possibilities to target and modulate expression of retroviral recombinants in mice via their LTR enhancer sequences. In addition, 16 transgenic mice were generated that harbor proviral DNA of a defective recombinant retrovirus carrying a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene.
Potential-aware Automated Abstraction of Sequential Games, and Holistic Equilibrium Analysis of Texas Hold’em Poker (2018)

We present a new abstraction algorithm for sequential imperfect information games. While most prior abstraction algorithms employ a myopic expected-value computation as a similarity metric, our algorithm considers a higherdimensional space consisting of histograms over abstracted classes of states from later stages of the game. This enables our bottom-up abstraction algorithm to automatically take into account potential: a hand can become relatively better (or worse) over time and the strength of different hands can get resolved earlier or later in the game. We further improve the abstraction quality by making multiple passes over the abstraction, enabling the algorithm to narrow the scope of analysis to information that is relevant given abstraction decisions made for earlier parts of the game. We also present a<br>custom indexing scheme based on suit isomorphisms that enables one to work on signiﬁcantly larger models than before. We apply the techniques to heads-up limit Texas Hold’em poker. Whereas all prior game theory-based work for Texas Hold’em poker used generic off-the-shelf linear program<br>solvers for the equilibrium analysis of the abstracted game, we make use of a recently developed algorithm based on the excessive gap technique from convex optimization. This paper is, to our knowledge, the ﬁrst to abstract and gametheoretically analyze all four betting rounds in one run (rather<br>than splitting the game into phases). The resulting player, GS3, beats BluffBot, GS2, Hyperborean, Monash-BPP, Sparbot, Teddy, and Vexbot, each with statistical signiﬁcance. To our knowledge, those competitors are the best prior programs for the game.
Highly sensitive pH dependent acetone sensor based on ultrananocrystalline diamond materials at room temperature (2016)

Diamond-based materials often considered inappropriate for sensor device applications, however these robust materials exhibit unpredictable electrochemical sensing properties.
New Deep-Level Photoluminescence Bands of Homoepitaxial CdTe Films Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1989)

Photoluminescence spectra of CdTe homoepitaxial layers on (100)- and (111)-oriented substrates grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were measured at 4.2 K. Sharp and intense emission peaks at 1.47 and 1.36 eV have been observed in the films grown on (111) substrates. These sharp peaks seem to be structural defect-related emissions and are similar to the Y and Z bands observed in ZnSe.
Victorian experimentalism (2010)

The shapes of things, their colours, lights and shades,Changes, surprises,– Robert Browning, “Fra Lippo Lippi” (1855)
Primary Tumor FDG Avidity Influences the Performance of FDG PET/CT for Detecting Gastric Cancer Recurrence Following Curative Surgery (2015)

638 Objectives The outcome of advanced gastric cancer remains poor, and early detection of recurrence is important. We hypothesized that heterogeneity of gastric cancer biology influences the accuracy of FDG PET/CT for recurrence detection. We thus investigated the performance of FDG PET/CT for detecting gastric cancer recurrence in patients categorized according to FDG avidity of the primary tumor. Methods Subjects were 372 patients (mean age 57.3 ± 11.5 y, male 254) with advanced gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery. All subjects had FDG PET/CT for initial staging and for recurrence surveillance after surgery. Primary tumors were classified as FDG-avid if they displayed focal uptake with SUVmax ≥ 4, or were otherwise classified as non-FDG-avid. Follow up FDG PET/CT were evaluated for recurrence. The presence of recurrence was determined by medical records with > 11 mo of follow-up. Results Of the 372 subjects, 240 had FDG-avid primary tumors (64.5%; 59.7 y, male 175), whereas 132 had non-FDG-avid primary tumors (35.5%; 52.9 y, male 79). During follow-up, 71 patients (19.3%) were confirmed to have recurrence. Among 62 cases with eligible follow-up PET/CT, 41 (3 at anastomosis site) had FDG-avid primary tumors and 21 (2 at anastomosis site) had non-FDG-avid tumors. For all recurrences, PET/CT sensitivity was 34/41 (82.9%) for the FDG-avid group and 11/21 (52.3%) for the non-FDG-avid group (P = 0.01). For recurrences outside the anastomosis site, PET/CT sensitivity was 41/57 (71.9%) for all subjects, 32/38 (84.2%) for the FDG-avid group, and 9/19 (47.4%) for the non-FDG-avid group (P = 0.004). PET/CT specificity for recurrence was 499/515 (96.9%), 301/311 (96.8%), and 198/204 (97.1%) for respective groups (P = n.s.). Conclusions Primary tumor FDG avidity substantially influences the diagnostic performance of PET/CT for recurrent gastric cancer. Hence, follow-up FDG PET/CT appears to have greater value for recurrence surveillance in patients with high tumor FDG uptake on initial PET/CT.
Gasless laparoscopy using a planar lifting technique. (1994)

In clinical use, the mechanical lifting technique has demonstrated the ability to displace the abdominal wall and create a useful cavity for visualization and surgical manipulation. By forming a planar ceiling, as opposed to the domed ceiling of conventional pneumoperitoneum, the abdominal organs are brought into closer proximity of the surgeon. Instrument length may be shortened, imparting greater surgical control. Without the necessity for gas sealing, entry portals are simplified. Conventional instruments (right angle clamps) may be introduced through the fan retractor insertion sites or by way of separate stab incisions. The planar lifting technique has the potential for simplifying laparoscopy and restoring instrument control to the operating surgeon.
Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (1998)

Prenatal diagnosis performed by fetal ultrasound scan is now a routine part of antenatal care in many countries. That an increasing number of fetal anomalies may be detected on prenatal ultrasound is beyond doubt. What is possible is not, however, always practical, especially where congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are concerned and when whole antenatal populations are screened rather than high risk groups. Thanks to our registries of congenital anomalies, a retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prenatal detection of CHDs by ultrasound scan in 92 021 consecutive pregnancies of known outcome from 1990 to 1993. Only 107 out of 779 malformed fetuses with CHDs without chromosomal anomalies were detected (13·7 per cent). The sensitivity of detection varied from 50 per cent for malformations, such as hypoplastic left heart and single ventricle, to around 5 per cent for ventricular and atrial septal defects. The effectiveness of the detection of some forms of major congenital heart disease has increased since 1987 by including routine examination of the four-chamber view and of the inflow and outflow tracts of the fetal heart. Our results stress the need to obtain a definite, clear, four-chamber view, to perform scans at >18 weeks' gestation and to train sonographers in order to improve prenatal detection of CHDs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malignant Vasovagally Mediated Hypotension and Bradycardia: A Possible Cause of Sudden Death in Young Patients with Asthma (1992)

Asthma is a common chronic disorder affecting roughly 3% of the population of the United States and producing considerable morbidity.1 However, despite increasing knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of this disease and an expanded therapeutic armamentarium, mortality rates from asthma have increased, particularly in younger patients.2 Although some of the increase can be accounted for by under-treatment, inadequate access to care, and delays in appropriate management,3 a number of episodes of unexpected sudden death have occurred in young patients with asthma without adequate explanation.4 Recent literature provides evidence that severe episodes of vasovagally (autonomic) mediated hypotension and bradycardia (the malignant vasovagal syndrome) may mimic or cause sudden death episodes in young people.5
The two panels represent the two different fermentations performed: (a) The pH was kept at 5 (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Differential gene expression in recombinant analysed by heterologous DNA microarray hybridisation"Microbial Cell Factories 2004;3():17-17.Published online 20 Dec 2004PMCID:PMC546231.Copyright © 2004 Sauer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.0 throughout the fermentation. (b) The pH was let drop to 3.0 and was kept constant subsequently. (A) indicates the batch phase, the cells were growing on glycerol. The time scale starts at 25 h. (B) indicates the glycerol fed batch phase and (C) indicates the methanol fed batch phase. Methanol induces heterologous protein production and serves as a carbon source at the same time. The diamonds (◇) show the total yeast dry mass and refer to the left scale. The squares (□) show the pH of the culture broth and refer to the right scale. The arrows indicate the time points, when the samples for microarray analysis were taken.
Advances in centerline estimation for autonomous lateral control (2020)

The ability of autonomous vehicles to maintain an accurate trajectory within their road lane is crucial for safe operation. This requires detecting the road lines and estimating the car relative pose within its lane. Lateral lines are usually retrieved from camera images. Still, most of the works on line detection are limited to image mask retrieval and do not provide a usable representation in world coordinates. What we propose in this paper is a complete perception pipeline based on monocular vision and able to retrieve all the information required by a vehicle lateral control system: road lines equation, centerline, vehicle heading and lateral displacement. We evaluate our system by acquiring data with accurate geometric ground truth. To act as a benchmark for further research, we make this new dataset publicly available at http://airlab.deib.polimi.it/datasets/.
Elimination of Duck Hepatitis B Virus RNA-Containing Capsids in Duck Interferon-Alpha-Treated Hepatocytes (1999)

Evidence is presented that the previously cloned type I duck interferon (DuIFN) cDNA encodes a homologue of mammalian interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Recombinant DuIFN-alpha was used to study the inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication in primary hepatocytes in order to determine the IFN-sensitive steps of the virus replication cycle. IFN-treated cells accumulated two- to threefold-lower amounts of viral RNA transcripts early during infection, when IFN was added before virus. This reduction was not due to inhibition of virus entry since initial covalently closed circular DNA levels were not decreased in IFN-treated cells. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of IFN on viral RNA levels was not observed in cells infected with a mutant DHBV that fails to synthesize core protein, suggesting that an uncharacterized core protein-mediated enhancing effect is blocked by IFN. When IFN was added at 4 days postinfection, encapsidated viral RNA pregenomes disappeared from infected cells within 3 days. This depletion was not simply due to conversion of pregenomes to DNA since depletion was not blocked by phosphonoformic acid, an inhibitor of the viral reverse transcriptase. The intracellular concentration of intact nucleocapsids was reduced, suggesting that in the presence of IFN pregenome-containing capsids were selectively depleted in hepatocytes. Thus, two steps in DHBV replication that involve the viral core protein were inhibited by DuIFN-alpha.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent pH Indicators in a Physiologically Relevant Range. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LITHIUM/IRON DISULFIDE CELLS (1978)

Two compact Li-Si alloy/FeS2 cells are described and their performance is discussed in terms of the requirements for electric vehicle propulsion. The highest specific energy achieved was 182.7 W.h/kg obtained at an average specific power of 9.35 W/kg. At higher specific power levels, relatively high internal resistance, combined with decreased utilization of the active material in the positive electrode, reduced the specific energy (e.g. 75.3 W.h/kg at 96.4 W/kg). Both cells achieved more than 250 deep-discharge cycles over 5000 hours of operation.
Estimation of Impact Force on a Space Vehicle based on an Inverse Analysis Technique (1997)

In this paper, we describe a procedure for estimating the impact force acting on a structural model of a space vehicle based on an inverse analysis techinique and experimental results obtained using this procedure. It is shown that the impact force can be determined by solving linear simultane-ous equations Ax= b, where A and b are given by the deconvolution procedure for Laplace transfor-mations of accelerometer and calibration data. Since the coefficient matrix A is ill-conditioned due to linear approximation error and measurement noise, tailoring of the singular value decomposition method (SVD) is necessary. For this purpose, two evaluation criteria are applied: the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the penalty quadratic form. Using this evaluation, the effective rank of the matrix that gives the optimal estimate of the input has been determined.
Isolated growth cones stimulate proliferation of cultured Schwann cells (1992)

A growth cone-enriched fraction was prepared from 3-4 day rat cerebra. Examination of the growth cone fraction by electron microscopy revealed numerous structures circular in appearance that contain a number of features common to neuronal growth cones in vivo. The isolated growth cones stimulated a dose-dependent incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into cultured Schwann cells in a manner similar to that observed with an axolemma-enriched fraction prepared from adult rat brainstem. The mitogenic activities of both the growth cone fraction and axolemma-enriched fraction were decreased 50% and 20%, respectively, by treatment with heparitinase I. The mitogen for Schwann cells present in the isolated growth cones appears to be similar to that found in axolemma-enriched fractions prepared from adult rats.
Happiness and addiction (2001)

What does it mean to have an addiction? Researchers have found many predisposing factors from biological substrates to social overlays, and have related addiction to everything from poverty to genetics, but what does addiction mean to the addict? Here psychoanalyst Michael Guy Thompson considers this question from an existential perspective. (editor abstract)
Radiation-induced Hounsfield unit change correlates with dynamic CT perfusion better than 4DCT-based ventilation measures in a novel-swine model (2021)

To analyze radiation induced changes in Hounsfield units and determine their correlation with changes in perfusion and ventilation. Additionally, to compare the post-RT changes in human subjects to those measured in a swine model used to quantify perfusion changes and validate their use as a preclinical model. A cohort of 5 Wisconsin Miniature Swine (WMS) were studied. Additionally, 19 human subjects were recruited as part of an IRB approved clinical trial studying functional avoidance radiation therapy for lung cancer and were treated with SBRT. Imaging (a contrast enhanced dynamic perfusion CT in the swine and 4DCT in the humans) was performed prior to and post-RT. Jacobian elasticity maps were calculated on all 4DCT images. Contours were created from the isodose lines to discretize analysis into 10 Gy dose bins. B-spline deformable image registration allowed for voxel-by-voxel comparative analysis in these contours between timepoints. The WMS underwent a research course of 60 Gy in 5 fractions delivered locally to a target in the lung using an MRI-LINAC system. In the WMS subjects, the dose-bin contours were copied onto the contralateral lung, which received < 5 Gy for comparison. Changes in HU and changes in Jacobian were analyzed in these contours. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes in the mean HU value post-RT compared to pre-RT were observed in both the human and WMS groups at all timepoints analyzed. The HU increased linearly with dose for both groups. Strong linear correlation was observed between the changes seen in the swine and humans (Pearson coefficient > 0.97, p < 0.05) at all timepoints. Changes seen in the swine closely modeled the changes seen in the humans at 12 months post RT (slope = 0.95). Jacobian analysis showed between 30 and 60% of voxels were damaged post-RT. Perfusion analysis in the swine showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in contrast inside the vasculature 3 months post-RT compared to pre-RT. The increases in contrast outside the vasculature was strongly correlated (Pearson Correlation 0.88) with the reduction in HU inside the vasculature but were not correlated with the changes in Jacobians. Radiation induces changes in pulmonary anatomy at 3 months post-RT, with a strong linear correlation with dose. The change in HU seen in the non-vessel lung parenchyma suggests this metric is a potential biomarker for change in perfusion. Finally, this work suggests that the WMS swine model is a promising pre-clinical model for analyzing radiation-induced changes in humans and poses several benefits over conventional swine models.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF METHYLBORYLENE WITH CYCLOHEXENE AND SOME OTHER OLEFINIC COMPOUNDS (1984)

Abstract Methylborolen, erzeugt durch das System C 8 K/MeBBr 2 (II), reagiert mit dem anwesenden Cyclohexen (I) zu dem Boratricyclotridecan (III).
Effect of High‐Dose Esomeprazole on CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 Activities in Humans: Evidence for Substantial and Long‐lasting Inhibition of CYP2C19 (2020)

In vitro, esomeprazole is a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C19. Additionally, racemic omeprazole induces CYP1A2 and omeprazole and its metabolites inhibit CYP3A4 in vitro. In this 5-phase study, 10 healthy volunteers ingested 20 mg pantoprazole, 0.5 mg midazolam, and 50 mg caffeine as respective index substrates for CYP2C19, 3A4, and 1A2 before and 1, 25, 49 (pantoprazole only), and 73 hours after an 8-day pretreatment with 80 mg esomeprazole twice daily. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of R-pantoprazole increased 4.92-fold (90% confidence interval (CI) 3.55-6.82), 2.31-fold (90% CI 1.85-2.88), and 1.33-fold (90% CI 1.06-1.68) at the 1-hour, 25-hour, and 73-hour phases, respectively, consistent with a substantial and persistent inhibition of CYP2C19. The AUC of midazolam increased up to 1.44-fold (90% CI 1.22-1.72) and the paraxanthine/caffeine metabolic ratio up to 1.19-fold (90% CI 1.04-1.36), when the index substrates were taken 1 hour after esomeprazole. Based on the recovery of R-pantoprazole oral clearance, the turnover half-life of CYP2C19 was estimated to average 53 hours. Pharmacokinetic simulation based on the observed concentrations of esomeprazole and its metabolites as well as their published CYP2C19 inhibitory constants was well in line with the observed changes in R-pantoprazole pharmacokinetics during the course of the study. Extrapolations assuming linear pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole suggested weak to moderate inhibition at 20 and 40 mg twice daily dosing. In conclusion, high-dose esomeprazole can cause strong inhibition of CYP2C19, but only weakly inhibits CYP3A4 and leads to minor induction of CYP1A2. The enzymatic activity of CYP2C19 recovers gradually in ~ 3-4 days after discontinuation of esomeprazole treatment.