gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β‐amyloid cortical deposits are accompanied by the loss of serotonergic neurons in the dog (2009)

Dogs may naturally suffer an age-related cognitive impairment that has aroused a great deal of interest, even beyond the field of the veterinary clinic. This canine senile dementia reproduces several key aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the presence of beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits in the cerebral cortex, neurodegeneration, and learning and memory impairments. In the present study, we have used unbiased stereological procedures to estimate the number of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DRN and MRN, respectively) serotonergic neurons immunolabeled with an anti-tryptophan hydroxylase (TrH) monoclonal antibody in young and aged dogs without A beta cortical deposits and in aged dogs with A beta cortical deposits. The estimated total number of TrH-labeled neurons (mean +/- SD) was 94,790 +/- 26,341 for the DRN and 40,404 +/- 8,692 for the MRN. The statistical analyses revealed that aged dogs with A beta cortical pathology had 33% fewer serotonergic neurons in the DRN and MRN than aged dogs without A beta cortical deposits (108,043 +/- 18,800 vs. 162,242 +/- 39,942, respectively; P = 0.01). In contrast, no significant variations were found between young and aged dogs without A beta cortical deposits. These results suggest that degeneration of the serotonergic neurons could be involved in the cognitive damage that accompanies A beta cortical pathology in the dog and reinforce the use of the canine model for exploring the potential mechanisms linking the cortical A beta pathology and serotonergic neurodegeneration that occurs during the course of AD.
Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Gallium Oxide Field-Effect-Transistors (2018)

Gallium oxide (Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) field-effect transistors (FETs) have high potential for future RF and power devices due to their superior power switching capabilities, high breakdown field, and opportunities for single crystal substrate fabrication. However, the high heat dissipation and inefficient heat removal from the channel area of these FETs can limit the device performance and cause reliability issues. In this work, we investigate the thermal characteristics of Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> based FETs by performing transient temperature measurements using a thermo-reflectance imaging system. The transient temperature distribution in the channel and metallic contacts is obtained at different voltages. We analyze the temperature distribution and the location of hot spots inside the channel, and establish hot spot temperature dependence with the gate voltage. High temperature rise at hot spots is observed in the channel area even at low power levels, which is a consequence of the low thermal conductivity of Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Investigation of thermal characteristics of these FETs is crucial to develop efficient thermal management solution and improving the reliability of Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> devices. It will also help in better device and package design considering thermal aspects.
BASIC ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS [ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE, TES,TENMS (OR TEMS), TENS AND ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD STIMULATION WITH OR WITHOUT DRUG FIELD] FOR PAIN, NEUROMUSCULAR SKELETAL PROBLEMS, AND CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES (1987)

Using voltage-time-dependent negative resistance characteristics of Voltage-Current curves of excitable cell membranes estimated without using artificial voltage clamp method, the author made a quantitative analysis of excitability of cell membranes and different conditions of transmembrane action potentials as a bias voltage to the negative resistance of the excitable cell membrane. The pacemaker cells were classified as "Astable Oscillators" and nonpacemaker excitable cells as "Monostable Oscillators," and application of a rapidly changing electromagnetic field to the cells was analyzed as a means of stimulating the cells. The understanding of the 10 essential electrical parameters is highly desirable for safe and effective electrical stimulation. Among these, emphasis was placed on the often neglected, important electrical parameters of "output impedance" of stimulation pulse wave complexes for + and - polarity components, as well as the importance of capacitive current (Ic = C.dV/dt) which depends on rise time as well as fall time of the stimulation pulse wave, and undesirable side effects of electrolysis phenomena due to excessive D.C. current. The difference and similarity between TENS (Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation) and TES (Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation), TENMS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve and Muscle Stimulation) or TMS (Transcutaneous Muscle Stimulation) was discussed. The author's clinical study indicated that effective TES (TENMS)--characterized by effective muscle contraction without creating pain with a pulse repetition rate approximately the same as the heart rate of the individual--can often give superior beneficial effects in improvement of micro-circulation and subsequent relief of pain and other symptoms compared with TENS that creates stimulation of large diameter sensory nerve fibers without creating significant muscle contraction. Such improvement is often accompanied by the abolishment of the pain with disappearance of local substance P and increase in local serotonin with disappearance of local L-tryptophan.
Identification and characterization of multiple EGF-repeat containing protein 10 and its role in regulating satellite cell function during muscle regeneration (2007)

The regeneration of adult skeletal muscle is mediated by a small population of cells known as satellite cells. While a great deal is known about the events that occur following satellite cell activation, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of activation or maintenance of this population of cells. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated that primary myoblasts lacking MyoD, represent a primitive form of activated myogenic precursor, closely related to quiescent satellite cells. In an attempt to gain insight into the activation and maintenance of quiescent satellite cells we performed representational difference analysis to identify genes that function in these processes. This screen led to the isolation a large number of candidates for examination. One of the clones, identified as mouse Megf10, is a multiple EGF-repeat transmembrane protein that is expressed in adult skeletal muscle, specifically in quiescent satellite cells. Retroviral expression of Megf10 in C2C12 myoblasts resulted in enhanced proliferation and inhibition of terminal differentiation. Furthermore, following serum withdrawal, Megf10 overexpressing cells entered a state of quiescence rather than undergoing terminal differentiation and remained capable of re-entering the cell cycle following serum restimulation. While no distinct effects on cell cycle regulation were observed, ectopic expression of Megf10 resulted in transcriptional upregulation of Myf5 and downregulation of Pax7 as well as post-transcriptional downregulation of MyoD. Importantly, ectopic expression of a truncated version of Megf10, lacking the cytoplasmic domain, had no effect on proliferation, differentiation or expression of transcriptional regulatory factors. Investigation of several key signaling pathways that directly affect myogenic progression revealed that ectopic expression of Megf10 resulted in increased Rac1 activity and MEK1 phosphorylation providing a possible explanation for the inhibition of differentiation observed in Megf10 overexpressing cells. These results indicate that Megf10 impinges upon these signaling pathways supporting a role for Megf10 in regulating myogenic progression. Our results clearly demonstrate that Megf10 is expressed in quiescent satellite cells in adult mouse skeletal muscle and indicate that Megf10 is capable of regulating the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells. Furthermore, our preliminary results implicate Megf10 as being a modulator of Rac1 and MEK1 signaling in myoblasts.
Functional metabolomics approach reveals the reduced biosynthesis of fatty acids and TCA cycle is required for pectinase activity in Bacillus licheniformis (2018)

Increase of pectinase activity is especially important in fermentation industry. Understanding of the metabolic mechanisms can find metabolic modulation approach to promote high yield of pectinase. Higher activity of pectinase was detected in DY1 than DY2, two strains of Bacillus licheniformis. GC-MS-based metabolomics identified differential metabolome of DY2 compared with DY1, characterizing the increased TCA cycle and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Elevated activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase (KGDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) showed global elevation of carbon metabolism, which is consistent with the result that lowers glucose in DY2 than DY1. Inhibitors malonate, furfural and triclosan, of PDH, SDH and biosynthesis of fatty acids, promoted pectinase activity, where triclosan increased pectinase activity by 179%. These results indicate that functional metabolomics is an effective approach to understand metabolic mechanisms of fermentation production and provides clues to develop new methods for changing bacterial physiology and production.
Novel Bacterial Sialidase Mutants for Site Specific Sialylation of Biologically Important Glycoproteins (2020)

Sialylation is a unique modification of glycans existing in different glycoproteins on cell surfaces, which significantly modulates many important physiological and pathological processes, such as anti-inflammatory and tumor metastasis. Despite tremendous efforts on the synthesis of this crucial glycan decoration using chemical and enzymatic methods, site-specific attachment of sialic acid moieties onto biologically important glycopeptides or glycoproteins is still challenging. In the last two decades, converting glycosidases into their transfer mutants has become a fascinating approach in the synthesis of glycoconjugates. In this work, a bacterial α2,6-sialidase (MvNA) from Micromonospora viridifaciens was selected as candidate for efficient transfer of sialic acid in a regio- and stereo-controlled manner due to its inherent trans-sialylation activity. First, wild-type MvNA was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. Two types of sialidase mutants with mutation site at the nucleophile (Y370) and the general acid/base (D92) residues were then created by site-directed mutagenesis and successfully expressed. In the preliminary activity tests, the wild-type MvNA showed strong hydrolytic activity towards a natural sialylated complex-type N-glycopeptide, while terminal sialic acids from the same glycopeptide can’t be removed by created MvNA mutants, including Y370A, Y370G and D92A. The potential trans-sialylation activities of those sialidase mutants will be systematically tested using various synthetic activated substrate donors, such as sialyl fluorides and nitrophenyl sialosides. We are also aiming to create sialidase mutants derived from other types of sialidases with distinct specificities, e.g. α2,3 and α2,8-linkages. The potential sialidase transfer mutants could provide a new avenue to access the structurally well-defined sialylated glycopeptides and glycoproteins for sialylation bio-function study and therapeutic applications.
N‐Halamines (2004)

Abstract N ‐Halamines are inorganic and organic compounds in which oxidative halogen is chemically bonded to nitrogen. They have both research and commercial importance, particularly in the areas of disinfection of water and stabilization of free halogen. The N ‐halogen bond is formed by reaction of an amine, imine, amide, or imide with halogen, hypohalous acid, or hypochlorite. Only the chloro and bromo derivatives are of commercial importance. The physical and chemical properties, preparation, manufacture, uses, safety and handling, toxicity, and economic aspects of chloramines and bromamines are discussed. The chemistry of chloramines and bromamines is diversified not only because nitrogen and halogen act as reaction sites, but because of the different modes by which these functionalities react. Research activity on synthetic applications of chloramines and bromamines continues to be high. In aqueous solution, the chloramines and bromamines generally undergo hydrolysis to varying degrees forming hypochlorous and hypobromous acids. Thus generally these N ‐halamines can be considered as halogen release agents, and many, eg, chloroisocyanurates, find use in bleaching, disinfecting, and sanitizing applications. Others, such as halogen derivatives of ammonia, are important because they are industrial process intermediates (monochloramine) or of significance in water treatment (mono‐, di‐, and trichloramine). The most recent work has concerned covalent attachment of N ‐halamine moieties to insoluble polymers so as to create biocidal materials with excellent potential for commercial utilization.
Comparison of stereo optic disc photographs from the Nidek 3‐Dx and Zeiss retinal cameras (1995)

It was found that the stereo separation is significantly better using the Nidek camera when compared with both the 30 degrees and 15 degrees Zeiss results. There was no significant difference in photographic quality between the Nidek and Zeiss 30 degrees photographs. It was also found that the Zeiss 30 degrees images had a significantly higher quality than the Zeiss 15 degrees, which contradicted previous results.
Postoperative outcomes of frequent exacerbator patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after resection of Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer (2018)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor of post-operative complications after lung cancer resection. The influence of the "frequent exacerbator (FE)" phenotype (at least three exacerbations per year) is unknown. Postoperative outcomes of frequent exacerbators (POFE) was a prospective observational study of patients with COPD undergoing lung resection for cancer. The inclusion criteria were: age >40 years, FEV1/FVC <70%, non-urgent surgery for lung cancer, filled out self-questionnaires. The primary outcome was assessment of postoperative pulmonary complications (purulent tracheobronchitis, atelectasis, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, need of mechanical ventilation). Secondary outcomes encompassed the prevalence of the FE phenotype and its impact on postoperative complications. A total of 682 patients were screened from June 2014 to October 2015. 93 patients with COPD were included, 21 (23%) were FE. Postoperative tracheobronchitis, atelectasis pneumonia or respiratory failure (isolated or associated) occurred in 47%, 48%, 26%, and 38% of patients, respectively. Non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation were necessary in 4 (4%) and 22 (23%) patients. Purulent tracheobronchitis, pneumonia and hypercapnia (this last requiring noninvasive mechanical ventilation) were more frequent in FE (p = 0.043, 0.042, 0.015); however the number of patients wth at least one respiratory complication was not different (76% vs. 52%, p = 0.056). In all patients, multivariate logistic regression identified two independent factors of postoperative respiratory complications: male sex (OR 10.6 [95% CI 1.97-57.6], p = 0.006) and the FE phenotype (OR 6.33 [1.04-38.39], p = 0.045). Occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with COPD is high. FE phenotype is an independent risk factor.
Highly transparent conductors for optical and microwave access to spin-based quantum systems (2019)

Abstract Spin-based quantum systems are among the best sensors in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution for a variety of physical properties. A key factor to broaden the range of applications is the control over the microwave field used to manipulate the quantum system. We present the implementation of a transparent microwave conductor, suitable for optical read-out of a spin-based quantum sensor. For this, the interaction of an indium tin oxide (ITO) strip line on diamond with nitrogen vacancy centres was investigated. The amorphous ITO can be fabricated at room temperature, has a transmittance larger than 80% in the visible spectrum and a low resistivity. We show that these strip lines are completely scalable which enables highly homogeneous microwave fields from the nanometre up to the millimetre scale. ITO structures can therefore serve as excellent transparent microwave conductors, widening the current use of spin-based quantum sensors.
Inclusion Body Myositis: Clonal Expansions of Muscle‐Infiltrating T Cells Persist Over Time (2003)

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a chronic inflammatory myopathy. The muscle histology is characterized by infiltration of T cells, which invade and apparently destroy muscle fibres. This study was performed to investigate whether predominant clones of muscle-infiltrating T cells are identical in different muscles and whether they persist over time in IBM. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 25 T-cell receptor (TCR) variable beta (Vbeta) chain families and the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR were analysed in two different muscle biopsies of four patients with IBM. In two of the patients, the muscle biopsies were obtained from different muscles at one time point, whereas in two patients, the second biopsy was obtained 9 years after the first biopsy. T cells expressing predominant Vbeta families were analysed for clonality by fragment length analysis of the CDR3. Predominant Vbeta families were analysed by DNA sequencing to identify identical clones. Immunohistochemical staining of Vbeta families was performed to study the distribution of T cells expressing identified predominant Vbeta families. The muscle-infiltrating lymphocytes showed restricted expression of TCR Vbeta families. DNA sequencing proved that clonally expanded T cells were identical in different muscles and persisted 9 years after the first biopsy. Immunohistochemical analysis with Vbeta family-specific antibodies demonstrated the endomysial localization of these T cells in inflammatory cell infiltrates. Our results show that in IBM there is clonal restriction of TCR expression in muscle-infiltrating lymphocytes. Identical T-cell clones predominate in different muscles, and these clones persist for many years. These results indicate an important, continuous, antigen-driven inflammatory reaction in IBM.
Sunlight-promoted photocatalytic hydrogen gas evolution from water-suspended cellulose: a systematic study (2014)

This work presents a systematic study of cellulose (CLS) as a sacrificial biomass for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water. The idea is indeed to couple a largely available and not expensive biomass, and water, with a renewable energy like solar radiation. An aqueous CLS suspension irradiated either at 366 nm (UV-A) or under sunlight in the presence of Pt/TiO2 behaves as a H2 evolving system. The effects of irradiation time, catalyst and CLS concentrations, pH and water salinity are studied. Addition of CLS to the sample significantly improved H2 evolution from water splitting, with yields up to ten fold higher than those observed in neat water. The mechanism of the photocatalytic process relies on the TiO2-mediated CLS hydrolysis, under irradiation. The polysaccharide depolymerisation generates water-soluble species and intermediates, among them 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was identified. These intermediates are readily oxidized following the glucose photoreforming, thus enhancing water hydrogen ion reduction to give gas-phase H2. The formation of "colored" by-products from HMF self-polymerization involves a sort of "in situ dye sensitization" that allows an effective photoreaction even under solar light. The procedure is evaluated and successfully extended on cellulosic biomasses, i.e. rice husk and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stems, not previously investigated for this application.
Conductances and pumping speeds, C and S (2000)

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Development of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Marek's Disease Tumor Cells in Chickens Inoculated With Marek's Disease Vaccines2 (1978)

Chickens inoculated with herpesvirus of turkeys or with apathogenic or attenuated vaccine strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV) developed a T-cell-mediated immune response to Marek's disease (MD) tumor cells. This immune response was detected in a 4-hour 51Cr-release assay in which effector cells obtained from spleens of vaccinated chickens were reacted with 51Cr-labeled target cells of an MD lymphoblastoid cell line (MSB-1). The cytotoxic effector cells generated by the vaccine viruses had characteristics similar to those noted previously for anti-MSB-1 effector cells generated by MDV. The immune response was specific to MSB-1 cells, because another target cell line (TLT) antigenically unrelated to MSB-1 cells was not lysed by the effector cells nor did the unrelated target cells inhibit the cytotoxicity of effector cells against MSB-1 target in a cold-target inhibition assay. Because MSB-1 cells contain MD tumor-associated surface antigen, we postulated that the immune response detected in the vaccinated chickens may be directed against this antigen and that the antitumor antigen immunity may play a role in the mechanism of vaccine protection against lymphoma development by pathogenic MDV.
Mirror placement optimization for the multi-segmented James Webb Space Telescope primary mirror (2014)

The Primary Mirror (PM) of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) consists of 18 segment assemblies that are aligned on-orbit using hexapod actuators to function as a single monolithic optic. The individual segment assemblies are polished into one of three different prescriptions. Each segment of a given prescription may be placed in one of six different locations for that prescription, resulting in tens of millions of possible placement combinations of the 18 segments on the backplane of the telescope. A method is proposed to optimize the placement based on minimizing the known alignment offsets of as-built mirrors in combination with the predicted shifts of each attachment point on the telescope backplane due to material creep, cool down shifts, launch shifts, and gravity release. The optimization routine can be configured to allow for minimization of errors in any of the six rigid-body degrees of freedom and can further reduce selection options based on defined hardware constraints. Such a routine can be utilized to minimize initial misalignments of the PM on-orbit, reducing the need to exercise mirror actuators to achieve an aligned state. The end result is reduced commissioning time and increased probability of success of the mission.