gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA sequencing provides evidence for functional variability between naturally co-existing Alteromonas macleodii lineages (2014)

Background: Alteromonas macleodii is a ubiquitous gammaproteobacterium shown to play a biogeochemical role in marine environments. Two A. macleodii strains (AltDE and AltDE1) isolated from the same sample (i.e., the same place at the same time) show considerable genomic differences. In this study, we investigate the transcriptional response of these two strains to varying growth conditions in order to investigate differences in their ability to adapt to varying environmental parameters. Results: RNA sequencing revealed transcriptional changes between all growth conditions examined (e.g., temperature and medium) as well as differences between the two A. macleodii strains within a given condition. The main inter-strain differences were more marked in the adaptation to grow on minimal medium with glucose and, even more so, under starvation. These differences suggested that AltDE1 may have an advantage over AltDE when glucose is the major carbon source, and co-culture experiments confirmed this advantage. Additional differences were observed between the two strains in the expression of ncRNAs and phage-related genes, as well as motility. Conclusions: This study shows that the genomic diversity observed in closely related strains of A. macleodii from a single environment result in different transcriptional responses to changing environmental parameters. This data provides additional support for the idea that greater diversity at the strain level of a microbial community could enhance the community's ability to adapt to environmental shifts.
Summarisation of surveillance videos by key-frame selection (2011)

We propose two novel techniques for automatic summarisation of lengthy surveillance videos, based on selection of frames containing scenes most informative for rapid perusal and interpretation by humans. In contrast to other video summarisation methods, the proposed methods explicitly focus on foreground objects, via edge histogram descriptor and a localised foreground information quantity (entropy) measurement. Frames are iteratively pruned until a preset summarisation rate is reached. Experiments on the publicly available CAVIAR dataset, as well as our own dataset focused on people walking through natural choke points (such as doors), suggest that the proposed method obtains considerably better results than methods based on optical flow, entropy differences and colour spatial distribution characteristics.
High/Low Model for Scalable Multimicrophone Enhancement of Speech Mixtures (2021)

Many speech separation and enhancement methods take advantage of time-frequency sparsity by assuming that only one speech source in a mixture has nonzero power at each time and frequency. This “on/off” model is valuable for systems with more sources than microphones, but many methods that use it do not benefit from the spatial diversity of systems with large numbers of microphones. This work considers the high/low model, in which one source is strongest at each time-frequency index but all sources have nonzero power. A time-varying enhancement method using the high/low model combines the benefits of sparsity and spatial diversity and scales automatically with the number of microphones, resembling a time-frequency mask for underdetermined systems and a linear filter for overdetermined systems. The model is demonstrated using real-room data with up to 10 speech signals and between 1 and 160 microphones.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene‐ and Zirconocene(diazadiene) Complexes: Preparation, Characterization, and Structure. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active Exploration in Dynamic Environments (1991)

Whenever an agent learns to control an unknown environment, two opposing principles have to be combined, namely: exploration (long-term optimization) and exploitation (short-term optimization). Many real-valued connectionist approaches to learning control realize exploration by randomness in action selection. This might be disadvantageous when costs are assigned to &amp;quot;negative experiences&amp;quot;. The basic idea presented in this paper is to make an agent explore unknown regions in a more directed manner. This is achieved by a so-called competence map, which is trained to predict the controller&amp;apos;s accuracy, and is used for guiding exploration. Based on this, a bistable system enables smoothly switching attention between two behaviors -- exploration and exploitation -- depending on expected costs and knowledge gain. The appropriateness of this method is demonstrated by a simple robot navigation task.
Nucleotide sequence polymorphism within exon 4 of the bovine prolactin gene and its associations with milk performance traits. (2005)

Prolactin plays an important regulatory function in mammary gland development, milk secretion, and expression of milk protein genes. Hence the PRL gene is a potential quantitative trait locus and genetic marker of production traits in dairy cattle. We analysed the sequence of the PRL gene to investigate whether mutations in this sequence might be responsible for quantitative variations in milk yield and composition. Using SSCP and direct sequencing, we detected six single-nucleotide polymorphisms within a 294-bp prolactin gene fragment involving exon 4. All detected mutations were silent with respect to the amino acid sequence of the protein. PCR-RFLP genotyping of SNP 8398 R (RsaI) was used to assess allele frequencies in 186 Black-and-White cows (0.113 and 0.887 for A and G, respectively) and in 138 Jersey cows (0.706 and 0.294 for A and G, respectively). Black-and-White cows with genotype AG showed the highest milk yield, while cows with genotype GG showed the highest fat content.
Costimulation with integrin ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 augments activation-induced death of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes. (1993)

Integrin ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) can efficiently costimulate proliferation of resting T cells but not that of Ag-specific T cells. In contrast, CD28 ligand B7 and CD2 ligand leukocyte function-associated Ag (LFA-3) can support IL-2 synthesis and proliferation of Ag-specific T cells more efficiently than that of resting T cells. The molecular basis for this differential costimulation of T cells is poorly understood. In this study, using mAb and soluble IgC gamma 1 chimeras of these adhesion molecules, we demonstrate that coligation of the TCR and CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1/beta 2 integrin) or CD29/CD49d (very late activation Ag-4/beta 1 integrin) using anti-TCR mAb and either ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 induces activation-dependent death of DRw6-specific CD4+ T cells. Similar coligation of the TCR with CD2 or CD28 using either mAb or ligands LFA-3 or B7 not only lacked the ability to induce death but also failed to reverse or inhibit integrin-facilitated death of DRw6-specific T cells. Each of these ligands augmented anti-TCR mAb-induced transcription of IL-2 and IL-4 genes. Exogenous addition of IL-2 and IL-4 did not reverse the integrin-supported T cell death. The death-promoting costimulatory effects of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were observed with Ag-specific chronically stimulated T cells but not with either resting T cells or those activated in short-term cultures. Treatment of T cells with cyclosporin A or a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A inhibited ICAM-1 or VCAM-1-promoted activation-induced T cell death. The Ag-specific T cells that survived death-promoting effects of ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 proliferated efficiently upon restimulation with these ligands. Exposure of DRw6-specific T cells to DRw6+ B7+ ICAM-1+ LFA-3+ VCAM-1+ APC but not DR3+ B7+ ICAM-1+ LFA-3+ VCAM-1+ APC induced death of these T cells. This effect was blocked by pretreatment of T cells with mAb directed at CD18 or CD29 but not with those against CD2 or CD28. Taken together, these results suggest that TCR-directed engagement of integrins by their ligands ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 induces activation-dependent death of some perhaps more differentiated Ag-specific T cells and this may be an important homeostatic mechanism by which functional expression of Ag-specific T cells is regulated during an ongoing immune response.
Broadband VCO phase noise sensitivity to oscillator circuit parameters (2002)

The measurement and simulation results for the described VCO topology showed strong correlation between local frequency selective increase of the negative input resistance and the phase noise increasing in the same frequency band. For rigorous oscillator analysis, the impact of the varactor nonlinearities with nonlinear transistor input impedance must be taken into consideration. Active elements should be classified regarding the 1/f noise, because the 1/f noise could be converted to the oscillator phase noise.
Research on Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures under Impact Loading (2020)

The dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) with different fiber contents (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%), confining pressures (0 MPa, 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa) and exposed to different temperatures (20 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C) were investigated by using a 50 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus, and the factors such as fiber content, temperature and confining pressure effect on the dynamic mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic peak stress increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber content. At different temperatures, the peak stress and its corresponding strain correspond to different fiber content, and the optimal fiber content is between 0.1% and 0.3%. When the temperature was from 20 °C to 400 °C, the dynamic peak stress decreased less, while when the temperature reached 600 °C and 800 °C, the dynamic peak stress decreased greatly. The confining pressure can significantly increase the dynamic peak stress and change the crushing morphology of specimens. The damage variable was built based on the Weibull distribution. A dynamic damage constitutive model combining statistical damage and viscoelastic model was established based on component combination model. The fitting curve of this model fitted well with test curve by identifying fewer undetermined parameters compared with Zhu-Wang-Tang (ZWT) model; therefore, this model can well describe the dynamic properties of BFRC under impact load.
Novel high-throughput screen identifies an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action (2014)

HIV-1 resistance to zidovudine [AZT (azidothymidine)] is associated with selection of the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E in RT (reverse transcriptase). These mutations decrease HIV-1 susceptibility to AZT by augmenting RT's ability to excise the chain-terminating AZT-MP (AZT-monophosphate) moiety from the chain-terminated DNA primer. Although AZT-MP excision occurs at the enzyme's polymerase active site, it is mechanistically distinct from the DNA polymerase reaction. Consequently, this activity represents a novel target for drug discovery, and inhibitors that target this activity may increase the efficacy of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, and may help to delay the onset of drug resistance. In the present study, we have developed a FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer)-based high-throughput screening assay for the AZT-MP excision activity of RT. This assay is sensitive and robust, and demonstrates a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.3 and a Z' factor of 0.69. We screened three chemical libraries (7265 compounds) using this assay, and identified APEX57219 {3,3'-[(3-carboxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methylene]bis[6-hydroxybenzoic acid]} as the most promising hit. APEX57219 displays a unique activity profile against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 RT, and was found to inhibit virus replication at the level of reverse transcription. Mechanistic analyses revealed that APEX57219 blocked the interaction between RT and the nucleic acid substrate.
Near-Optimal Detection in MIMO Systems using Gibbs Sampling (2009)

In this paper we study a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Gibbs sampler for solving the integer least-squares problem. In digital communication the problem is equivalent to performing Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. While the use of MCMC methods for such problems has already been proposed, our method is novel in that we optimize the "temperature" parameter so that in steady state, i.e. after the Markov chain has mixed, there is only polynomially (rather than exponentially) small probability of encountering the optimal solution. More precisely, we obtain the largest value of the temperature parameter for this to occur, since the higher the temperature, the faster the mixing. This is in contrast to simulated annealing techniques where, rather than being held fixed, the temperature parameter is tended to zero. Simulations suggest that the resulting Gibbs sampler provides a computationally efficient way of achieving approximative ML detection in MIMO systems having a huge number of transmit and receive dimensions. In fact, they further suggest that the Markov chain is rapidly mixing. Thus, it has been observed that even in cases were ML detection using, e.g. sphere decoding becomes infeasible, the Gibbs sampler can still offer a near-optimal solution using much less computations.
Synthesis and NMR spectrum of triphenyltin hydride: An organometallic chemistry experiment (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and NMR spectrum of triphenyltin hydride: An organometallic chemistry experimentChristopher W. Allen Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 6, 479Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1970Published inissue 1 June 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ed047p479RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis (2022)

Atherosclerosis is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle strongly impacts its onset and progression. Nutrients have been shown to regulate the miR-17/92 cluster, with a role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis. Choline, betaine, and L-carnitine, found in animal foods, are metabolized into trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota. TMA is then oxidized to TMAO, which has been associated with atherosclerosis. Our aim was to investigate whether TMAO modulates the expression of the miR-17/92 cluster, along with the impact of this modulation on the expression of target genes related to atherosclerosis and inflammation. We treated HepG-2 cells, THP-1 cells, murine liver organoids, and human peripheral mononuclear cells with 6 µM of TMAO at different timepoints. TMAO increased the expression of all analyzed members of the cluster, except for miR-20a-5p in murine liver organoids and primary human macrophages. Genes and protein levels of SERPINE1 and IL-12A increased. Both have been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CDVD) and are indirectly modulated by the miR-17-92 cluster. We concluded that TMAO modulates the expression of the miR-17/92 cluster and that such modulation could promote inflammation through IL-12A and blood clotting through SERPINE1 expression, which could ultimately promote atherosclerosis and CVD.
Upgrades of the integrated visualized storm surge forecasting system in the Changjiang Estuary (2012)

This study focuses on the upgrade of an integrated storm surge forecasting system for the Changjiang Estuary with development tools such as VB.NET,Intel Fortran,etc.The forecasting efficiency with wave consideration has significantly improved by the implementation of SWAN parallel computation.Hydrodynamic model could provide much faster forecasting with the optimization and modularization of the source code.New software interface was designed to improve the compatibility and stability.The comparison between the original and upgraded version is given with 5 storm surge simulation,with an aim to show the system improvement on forecasting efficiency and precision.It shows the model precision of upgraded version is guaranteed.The efficiency is quantitatively increased by 68% and 60% with consideration and neglecting of wave effect,respectively.
Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) Power-Energy Estimation for System-on-a-chip (SoC) Applications (2002)

Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) power-energy estimation is presented for system-on-a-chip (SOC) applications. The main feature is the signal swing based analytic (SSBA) model, which improves the accuracy of the conventional SRAM power-energy models. The SSBA model combined with the high-level memory access statistics provides a fast and accurate system level power-energy estimation of eDRAM. The power-energy estimation using SSBA model shows 95% accuracy compared with the transistor level power simulation results for three fabricated eDRAMs.
Effects of monoclonal antagonist antibodies on calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor function and trafficking (2019)

These data reinforce our understanding of how monoclonal functional antagonist antibodies interfere with CGRP signaling.
Finding eka-iodine: Discovery priority in modern times (2010)

The article provides a retrospective account on the discovery of eka-iodine. The characterization of element 85, eka-iodine provides perspective on how history often influences the course of and credit for scientific discovery.
How to prevent AS hijacking attacks (2012)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) was designed without security aspects in mind. This fact makes the Internet vulnerable to attacks: complete networks can be hijacked to blackhole or intercept traffic. In this work, we extend the set of known hijacking attacks with a real case study on AS hijacking, carried out in order to send spam from a victim's network. This type of attack is more sophisticated than common IP prefix hijacking, and is aimed at a long-term benefit, with effective use for several months. On our poster, we thoroughly investigate the aforementioned incident based on live data from both the control and the data plane. Our analysis yields insights into the attacker's proceeding to covertly hijack a whole autonomous system, mislead an upstream provider and abuse an unallocated address space. We further discuss the potential for prevention and reveal shortcomings of state of the art BGP security extensions like RPKI. Based on these findings, we outline the concept of an early warning system for AS hijacking with pre-emptive capabilities.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Metal Complexes ContainingDichloro‐Tetramorpholino‐Cyclophosphazatriene (1998)

Metal complexes of dichloro-tetramorpholino-cyclophosphazatriene containing divalent cations such as Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) have been prepared and characterised by standard physico-chemical procedures (elemental chemical analysis, IR and UV-VIS spectra, conductimetric measurement). The newly synthesised compounds possessed antifungal activity against Aspergillus and Candida spp., some of them showing effects comparable to ketoconazole (with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 2- 30 mug/mL) but being generally less active as compared to the azole. Best activity was detected against C. albicans, and worst activity against A. niger. The mechanism of action of these compounds probably involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, and interaction with lanosterol-14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51A1), since reduced amounts of ergosterol were evidenced by means of HPLC in cultures of the sensitive strain A. niger treated with some of these inhibitors.
Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Liposomes Encapsulating anti-BCR-ABLsiRNA or asODN for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (2009)

The present work aimed at the development and application of transferrin receptor (TrfR)-targeted sterically stabilized liposomes encapsulating anti-BCR-ABL siRNA or asODN. Transferrin was coupled to the surface of liposomes encapsulating siRNA or asODN through the postinsertion method. Cell association and internalization were assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively. BCR-ABL mRNA and Bcr-Abl protein levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability was assessed using the resazurin reduction method. The amount of coupled transferrin and the size and stability over time of the liposomes were very satisfactory and reproducible. The siRNA encapsulation yield was dependent on the concentration of the encapsulation buffer used (20 or 300 mM), as opposed to asODN encapsulation yield which was high for both concentrations tested. Cell association and internalization studies were performed in leukemia cell lines treated with liposomes coupled to Trf (Trf-liposomes) or albumin (BSA-liposomes) or with nontargeted liposomes (NT-liposomes) encapsulating fluorescently labeled siRNA (Cy3-siRNA). These experiments clearly indicated that BSA- and NT-liposomes have no ability to promote the delivery of the encapsulated nucleic acids and that the Trf-liposomes deliver the nucleic acids by a Trf receptor-dependent mechanism. The Trf-liposomes encapsulating siRNA or asODN promote sequence-specific down-regulation of the BCR-ABL mRNA, although a certain extent of nonspecific sequence effects at the protein and cell viability level were observed. Overall, our results indicate that Trf-liposomes encapsulating gene silencing tools allow combining molecular and cellular targeting, which is a valuable approach for cancer treatment.