gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BDNF Regulates the Expression and Distribution of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons (2013)

BDNF is a pro-survival protein involved in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. BDNF strengthens excitatory synapses and contributes to LTP, presynaptically, through enhancement of glutamate release, and postsynaptically, via phosphorylation of neurotransmitter receptors, modulation of receptor traffic and activation of the translation machinery. We examined whether BDNF upregulated vesicular glutamate receptor (VGLUT) 1 and 2 expression, which would partly account for the increased glutamate release in LTP. Cultured rat hippocampal neurons were incubated with 100 ng/ml BDNF, for different periods of time, and VGLUT gene and protein expression were assessed by real-time PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. At DIV7, exogenous application of BDNF rapidly increased VGLUT2 mRNA and protein levels, in a dose-dependent manner. VGLUT1 expression also increased but only transiently. However, at DIV14, BDNF stably increased VGLUT1 expression, whilst VGLUT2 levels remained low. Transcription inhibition with actinomycin-D or α-amanitine, and translation inhibition with emetine or anisomycin, fully blocked BDNF-induced VGLUT upregulation. Fluorescence microscopy imaging showed that BDNF stimulation upregulates the number, integrated density and intensity of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 puncta in neurites of cultured hippocampal neurons (DIV7), indicating that the neurotrophin also affects the subcellular distribution of the transporter in developing neurons. Increased VGLUT1 somatic signals were also found 3 h after stimulation with BDNF, further suggesting an increased de novo transcription and translation. BDNF regulation of VGLUT expression was specifically mediated by BDNF, as no effect was found upon application of IGF-1 or bFGF, which activate other receptor tyrosine kinases. Moreover, inhibition of TrkB receptors with K252a and PLCγ signaling with U-73122 precluded BDNF-induced VGLUT upregulation. Hippocampal neurons express both isoforms during embryonic and neonatal development in contrast to adult tissue expressing only VGLUT1. These results suggest that BDNF regulates VGLUT expression during development and its effect on VGLUT1 may contribute to enhance glutamate release in LTP.
Development of Conductometric Sensor Based on 25,27-Di-(5-thio-octyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 for Determination of Ammonium (2016)

The conductometric sensor based on 25,27-di-(5-thio-octyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 was developed for the quantitative analysis of ammonium. The calixarene was immobilized on the surface of the planar interdigitated electrodes by attachment of its dialkyl sulfide groups to the surface of the gold electrodes. The intrinsic ability of the calixarene to capture ammonium was studied in the conductometric measuring mode and by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The developed sensor showed high selectivity to ammonium in the presence of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations. Selective and highly sensitive detection of ammonium resulted from the complexation between the ammonium ions and a crown-ether fragment of the upper rim of the 25,27-di-(5-thio-octyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 macrocycle. The developed sensor had high signal repeatability. Its sensitivity was found to be satisfactory for the forthcoming sensor application in the water-sample analysis; the linear range was 0.01-1.5 mM and limit of detection 10 μM.
Amphipathic polymers with stimuli-responsive microdomains for water remediation: Binding studies withp-cresol (1999)

Amphipathic, stimuli-responsive water-soluble polymers have been investigated as potential remediation agents for micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF). The systems represent divergent architectural types, a triblock ABA copolymer of PEO-PPO-PEO, an n-octylamide modified poly(sodium maleate-alt-ethyl vinyl ether), and the transport protein, bovine serum albumin. Each type exhibits stimuli-dependent microphase separation or domain formation in response to temperature, pH, and/or ionic strength changes. Segmental associations result in hydrophobic clusters resembling those present in small molecule surfactant micelles. The effects of such segmental aggregation on sequestration of a model hydrophobic foulant, p-cresol, have been investigated using equilibrium dialysis. The favorable molar binding values, the large hydrodynamic dimensions of the stable polymer aggregates, and potential reversibility of foulant loading could have commercial utility in high flow rate, multiple-pass remediation processes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2290–2300, 1999
Photoexcited State Properties of H2-Porphyrin/C60-Based Rotaxanes as Studied by Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2011)

Light-driven intramolecular electron transfer (ET) and energy transfer (EnT) processes in two rotaxanes, the first containing two free base porphyrins and C(60) fullerene moieties incorporated around a Cu(I)bisphenanthroline core ((H(2)P)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)-C(60)) and a second lacking the fullerene moiety ((H(2)P)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)), were studied by X-band (9.5 GHz) time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. The experiments were performed in frozen toluene and ethanol and different phases of the nematic liquid crystal (E-7). It is demonstrated that the ET and EnT processes in the (H(2)P)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)-C(60) rotaxane in different media result in the formation of the same charge-separated state, namely (H(2)P)(2)(•+)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)(•-)-C(60), while photoexcitation of the (H(2)P)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2) rotaxane does not induce noticeable transfer processes in these matrices. The results are discussed in terms of the high conformational mobility of the rotaxanes, which enables changes in the molecular topography and resultant modification of the rates and routes of photoinduced processes occurring in these systems. The parameters of the transfer processes are compared with those obtained in our previous study of (ZnP)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2)-C(60) and (ZnP)(2)-Cu(I)(phen)(2) rotaxanes under the same experimental conditions.
Molecular structures of mixed-ligand palladium(II) and platinum(II) alkyl complexes, including three isomorphous compounds (1993)

The crystal structures of the complexes [PdMe(β-dik)(PPh3)][β-dik = acetylacetonate (acac) or monothioacetylacetonate (sacac)] and [PtEt(β-dik)(PPh3)] have been determined. All four complexes crystallize inthe triclinic space group P with two molecules in the unit cell. They have a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. For the pair of acac complexes O(1)–Pd–O(2) 88.8(2), O(1)–Pt–O(2) 89.2(2), C(O)–Pd–P 88.3(2) and C(O)–Pt–P 92.7(2)°; Pd-C 2.003(9), Pt–C 2.013(9), Pd-P 2.209(2) and Pt–P 2.182(2)Å. for the two sacac complexes, S(1)–Pd–O(2) 91.35(9), S(1)–Pt–O(2) 91.59(9), C(O)–Pd–S(1) 86.4(2) and C(O)–Pt–S(1) 86.8(1)°; Pd-C 2.033(7), Pt–C 2.058(6)Å, Pd-P 2.274(1)Å. Comparison of the M–C bonds in the structures shows a slight lengthening in complexes containing the sacac ligand, consistent with the previously observed enhanced carbonylation activity of the platinum sacac complex over that of the analogus acac compound. A comparison of M–P bonds reveals that those of Pt are consistently shorter than those of Pd, in agreement with proposed relative and bond strength.
Heterogeneous 32-core fiber with square-lattice layout for high-density transmissions (2016)

We propose a 32-core fiber with rod/trench structures and achieve average $A_{\text{eff}}$ of about $75 \mu\mathrm{m}^{2}$ , low XT of less than ∓27 dB/100km, and cable cutoff wavelength of less than $1.53 \mu\mathrm{m}$ .
Supplementary Figure 6 from ARF Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis through Translational Control of <i>VEGFA</i> mRNA (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from ARF Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis through Translational Control of &lt;i&gt;VEGFA&lt;/i&gt; mRNA
Practical experiences in enabling and ensuring quality sensing in emergency response applications (2010)

Situational awareness in emergency response is critical. Knowing the status of the hazards, the rescue workers, and the building occupants, etc., can greatly help the incident commander make the right decisions in responding emergencies, and as a result, save lives. Such situational awareness can be achieved by using existing sensing and communication infrastructures and/or having rescue practitioners dynamically deploy their own. Nevertheless, current sensing and communications techniques are, not fault-free. In this paper, we study, through both lab experiments and real emergency response drills, the nature of different wireless networks (sensor networks and Wi-Fi networks) in transmitting various types of data. Based on our findings, we propose a series of practical techniques that potentially enhances the reliability of data delivery over heterogeneous wireless networks, by exploiting the availability of multiple networks, the rescue workers' mobility, and the possibility of having rescue teams carry redundant sensors.
Epilepsy, seizures, physical exercise, and sports: A report from the ILAE Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy (2015)

People with epilepsy (PWEs) are often advised against participating in sports and exercise, mostly because of fear, overprotection, and ignorance about the specific benefits and risks associated with such activities. Available evidence suggests that physical exercise and active participation in sports may favorably affect seizure control, in addition to producing broader health and psychosocial benefits. This consensus paper prepared by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy offers general guidance concerning participation of PWEs in sport activities, and provides suggestions on the issuance of medical fitness certificates related to involvement in different sports. Sports are divided into three categories based on potential risk of injury or death should a seizure occur: group 1, sports with no significant additional risk; group 2, sports with moderate risk to PWEs, but no risk to bystanders; and group 3, sports with major risk. Factors to be considered when advising whether a PWE can participate in specific activities include the type of sport, the probability of a seizure occurring, the type and severity of the seizures, seizure precipitating factors, the usual timing of seizure occurrence, and the person's attitude in accepting some level of risk. The Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy considers this document as a work in progress to be updated as additional data become available.
HIV entry and fusion inhibitors (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Current HIV therapy is based on targeting two critical enzymes in the viral replication machinery: reverse transcriptase and a virally encoded protease. Although mortality rates due to HIV infection have been dramatically reduced, AIDS remains a major health problem throughout the world. The emergence of HIV variants that are resistant to current therapies and potential toxicity associated with their chronic use has highlighted the need for new approaches to HIV inhibition. Identification of the mechanisms underlying viral entry into the host cell has provided a number of novel therapeutic targets and the first of these HIV fusion inhibitors (enfuvirtide [pentafuside, T-20, Fuzeon; Roche Laboratories and Trimeris]) has recently been approved in the US and Europe. This review will focus on recent progress in the development of therapeutics that target the HIV entry process.
Comparison of PAT based approaches for making real‐time pooling decisions for process chromatography – use of feed forward control (2014)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Process analytical technology ( PAT ) is gradually being implemented in the biopharmaceutical industry due to the potential for continuous real‐time quality assurance resulting in improved operational control and compliance. Process chromatography remains the primary unit operation for purification of biotech therapeutics for separation of the various host cell related, process related, and product related impurities and variants. The latter often have very similar physicochemical properties to that of the product and hence in the absence of baseline separation, a robust pooling strategy is required to ensure consistent product quality. RESULTS This paper presents an evaluation of a variety of PAT based and pseudo‐ PAT based approaches for pooling a real commercial process chromatography column. The pseudo‐ PAT approaches that have been evaluated include ultraviolet ( UV ) absorbance, % peak height, retention time, and relative retention time. These approaches do not involve direct measurement of product quality attributes, but are operationally simpler to implement. Two other PAT based approaches have also been considered. The first involves use of a feed forward control based model that uses as an input the retention time of a characteristic peak that elutes prior to the main peak. The second PAT based approach involves use of a rapid HPLC method that can facilitate near‐real‐time decision making on pooling. CONCLUSIONS The paper provides a comparison of the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches that have been examined and establishes the feasibility of multiple approaches that can facilitate implementation of PAT for pooling of process chromatography columns. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The irradiation tolerance of ZrO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/W multilayered nanocomposites under He&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; irradiation (2013)

Magnetron sputtered ZrO<sub>2</sub>/W multilayer samples with each layer thickness of 5 nm and 50 nm are irradiated by 70 keV He+ ions at fluences from 8×10<sup>16</sup> to 6×10<sup>17 </sup>m<sup>-2</sup> at room temperature. The surface morphology and microstru- ctural evolution are studied with scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results suggest that the radiation tolerance of the nano-multilayers consisting of same compounds can be different because of different interfacial structure and grain boundary.
Stimulated Raman scatter analyses of experiments conducted at the National Ignition Facility (2011)

Recent experiments conducted at the National Ignition Facility achieved two main goals: providing radiation drive and symmetry suitable for subsequent ignition experiments. Of the many diagnostics fielded, one provided a time-resolved wavelength spectrum of light reflected from the target by stimulated Raman scatter (SRS). SRS occurs when incident light reflects off self-generated electron plasma waves. Analyses indicate that synthetic SRS spectra better match those of experiments when an atomic physics model with greater emissivity is utilized in target modeling, along with less inhibited electron transport (higher flux, with, ideally, nonlocal electron transport). With these models, SRS occurs in a target region where nearest-neighbor quads of laser beams significantly overlap the diagnosed quad. This increases SRS gain at lower density (lower wavelength), a feature consistent with experimental results. Inclusion of this effect of multiple quads sharing a reflected SRS light wave has resulted in improved capabilities used to successfully predict (preshot) the SRS spectrum from the first target driven with 1.25 MJ of laser energy. Additional resonant amplification of SRS light in the overlap intensity region is demonstrated in beam propagation simulations. Such effects will be reduced in a target optimized for these less dense and cooler plasma conditions.
Immunomodulatory activity of a methionine aminopeptidase-2 inhibitor on B cell differentiation (2008)

Methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) inhibitors have potent anti-angiogenesis activity and are being developed for the treatment of solid tumours. The recently observed specific expression of MetAP-2 in germinal centre B cells suggests that it has a role in regulating B cell function. We have demonstrated a potent MetAP-2-dependent inhibitory effect on the antibody secretion from B cell receptor and CD40 co-stimulated primary human B cells in the presence of interleukin-21. The effect of MetAP-2 inhibition on antibody secretion was due to a block in differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of germinal centres from human, mouse and marmoset spleen showed a similar expression pattern of MetAP-2 in the marmoset and man, whereas mouse spleen showed no detectable expression. In a marmoset, T dependent immunization model, the MetAP-2 inhibitor suppressed an antigen-specific antibody response. Furthermore, histological analysis showed loss of B cells in the spleen and disrupted germinal centre formation. These results provide experimental evidence to support a novel role for MetAP-2 in immunomodulation. These effects of MetAP-2 are mediated by disruption of the germinal centre reaction and a block in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells.
Catalytic Antioxidant Activity of Diaryl Tellurides in a Two-Phase Lipid Peroxidation Model (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Antioxidant Activity of Diaryl Tellurides in a Two-Phase Lipid Peroxidation ModelKerstin Vessman, Mikael Ekstroem, Mats Berglund, Carl-Magnus Andersson, and Lars EngmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4461–4467Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of the First Selective Nanomolar Inhibitors of ERAP2 by Kinetic Target‐Guided Synthesis (2022)

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) is a key enzyme involved in the trimming of antigenic peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex class I. It is a target of growing interest for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and in cancer immunotherapy. However, the discovery of potent and selective ERAP2 inhibitors is highly challenging. Herein, we have used kinetic target-guided synthesis (KTGS) to identify such inhibitors. Co-crystallization experiments revealed the binding mode of three different inhibitors with increasing potency and selectivity over related enzymes. Selected analogues engage ERAP2 in cells and inhibit antigen presentation in a cellular context. 4 d (BDM88951) displays favorable in vitro ADME properties and in vivo exposure. In summary, KTGS allowed the discovery of the first nanomolar and selective highly promising ERAP2 inhibitors that pave the way of the exploration of the biological roles of this enzyme and provide lead compounds for drug discovery efforts.
PML-RARα Repressed Microrna 126 Mediates Differentiation in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia By Targeting the Protooncogene C-Myb (2014)

Abstract Almost one tenth of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are related to t(15;17) translocation. This aberration leads to the PML-RARα fusion protein, which causes a transcriptional block of differentiation and could be resolved by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs which are ascribed to be important regulators of cell proliferation, development, differentiation and apoptosis. MiR-126 is regarded as tumor suppressor in diverse tissues, but relatively little is known about its functional role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. In this report, we reveal that oncogenic PML-RARα fusion protein is a repressor of miR-126 expression. Thus, we could demonstrate a significant downregulation of miR-126 expression in presence of the PML-RARα fusion protein in APL versus other AML patient samples and in a PML-RARα Knock in mouse model. We further show that ATRA induced differentiation of APL cell line NB4 comes along with an increase of miR-126 expression. The transient overexpression of miR-126 enhances ATRA stimulated differentiation of myeloid cells, whereas the opposite effect was noticed when endogenous expression of miR-126 was knocked down. Most interestingly, we observed a significant upregulation of miR-126 expression in APL blasts during ATRA treatment of APL patients. C-Myb proto-oncogene was found to be a putative target of miR-126 by analysing the 3’UTR. We could show a reduced c-Myb protein level after enforced expression of miR-126. Further, we reveal that miR-126 leads to a posttransciptional downregulation of c-Myb expression by directly targeting its 3`UTR. Our data suggest miR-126 as an important regulator of differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia, targeting the proto-oncogene c-Myb and recommend microRNAs to be potential therapeutic agents. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The development of a methodology for the use of neural networks and simulation modeling in system design (1999)

In this paper the use of metamodels to approximate the reverse of simulation models is explored. This purpose of the approach is to achieve the opposite of what a simulation model can do. That is, given a set of desired performance measures, the metamodels output a design to meet management goals. The performance of several neural network simulation metamodels was compared to the performance of a stepwise regression metamodel in terms of accuracy. It was found that in most cases, neural network metamodels outperform the regression metamodel. It was also found that a modular neural network performed the best in terms of minimizing the error of prediction.
The 1.2-Megabase Genome Sequence of Mimivirus (2004)

We recently reported the discovery and preliminary characterization of Mimivirus, the largest known virus, with a 400-nanometer particle size comparable to mycoplasma. Mimivirus is a double-stranded DNA virus growing in amoebae. We now present its 1,181,404-base pair genome sequence, consisting of 1262 putative open reading frames, 10% of which exhibit a similarity to proteins of known functions. In addition to exceptional genome size, Mimivirus exhibits many features that distinguish it from other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The most unexpected is the presence of numerous genes encoding central protein-translation components, including four amino-acyl transfer RNA synthetases, peptide release factor 1, translation elongation factor EF-TU, and translation initiation factor 1. The genome also exhibits six tRNAs. Other notable features include the presence of both type I and type II topoisomerases, components of all DNA repair pathways, many polysaccharide synthesis enzymes, and one intein-containing gene. The size and complexity of the Mimivirus genome challenge the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms. This new sequence data might help shed a new light on the origin of DNA viruses and their role in the early evolution of eukaryotes.