gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of fracture in sheet metal cutting processes and its effect on sheared edge stretchability (2018)

In recent years, implementation of aluminum alloys, the advanced high strength steels and ultra high strength steels (UHSS) is quickly increasing in automotive industry. However, these materials are often sensitive to sheared edge cracking if stretching along the sheared edge occurs in such processes as drawing of panels with blanked windows, stretch flanging and stretch hemming of edges of the panel. This study is dedicated to development of experimental techniques necessary to account for sheared edge condition on material formability as well as reporting the experimental results and general trends. Analysis of the hole punching process indicated that uniformity of the cutting clearance is rather difficult to maintain, especially for UHSS material where cutting forces are substantially higher than for mild steels or aluminum alloys, and stiffness of the tool starts playing critical role. Therefore, the majority of experimental studies were performed as tensile tests of samples sheared along a straight line in a dedicated trim tool where special measures were taken to achieve consistency of the die clearance. Experimental results on sheared edge stretchability of aluminum alloys similar to 6111-T4 and UHSS steel DP980 are reported. The mechanism of fracture propagation in trimming and hole punching processes is discussed in conjunction with sheared edge stretchability. The rather unique mechanism of fracture observed for trimming of UHSS DP980 steel leads to burr breaking at the final stage of the shearing process.
Bortezomib inhibits STAT5-dependent degradation of LEF-1, inducing granulocytic differentiation in congenital neutropenia CD34+ cells (2014)

The transcription factor lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1), which plays a definitive role in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor-triggered granulopoiesis, is downregulated in granulocytic progenitors of severe congenital neutropenia (CN) patients. However, the exact mechanism of LEF-1 downregulation is unclear. CN patients are responsive to therapeutically high doses of G-CSF and are at increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. The normal expression of LEF-1 in monocytes and lymphocytes, whose differentiation is unaffected in CN, suggests the presence of a granulopoiesis-specific mechanism downstream of G-CSF receptor signaling that leads to LEF-1 downregulation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is activated by G-CSF and is hyperactivated in acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we investigated the effects of activated STAT5 on LEF-1 expression and functions in hematopoietic progenitor cells. We demonstrated that constitutively active STAT5a (caSTAT5a) inhibited LEF-1-dependent autoregulation of the LEF-1 gene promoter by binding to the LEF-1 protein, recruiting Nemo-like kinase and the E3 ubiquitin-ligase NARF to LEF-1, leading to LEF-1 ubiquitination and a reduction in LEF-1 protein levels. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reversed the defective G-CSF-triggered granulocytic differentiation of CD34(+) cells from CN patients in vitro, an effect that was accompanied by restoration of LEF-1 protein levels and LEF-1 messenger RNA autoregulation. Taken together, our data define a novel mechanism of LEF-1 downregulation in CN patients via enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of LEF-1 protein by hyperactivated STAT5.
The direct formation of a cis-bromohydrin from an 8β-methyloestrane derivative (1969)

D. J. France and M. Los, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 1513 DOI: 10.1039/C29690001513
A Facile Synthesis of Novel Chiral Phosphonoacetates Bearing a Stereogenic Phosphorus Atom (2005)

Novel chiral phosphonoacetates bearing a stereogenic phosphorus atom were successfully synthesized by enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic phosphonoacetates.
Interpretable business survival prediction (2021)

The survival of a business is undeniably pertinent to its success. A key factor contributing to its continuity depends on its customers. The surge of location-based social networks such as Yelp, Diangping, and Foursquare has paved the way for leveraging user-generated content on these platforms to predict business survival. Prior works in this area have developed several quantitative features to capture geography and user mobility among businesses. However, the development of qualitative features is minimal. In this work, we thus perform extensive feature engineering across four feature sets, namely, geography, user mobility, business attributes, and linguistic modelling to develop classifiers for business survival prediction. We additionally employ an interpretability framework to generate explanations and qualitatively assess the classifiers' predictions. Experimentation among the feature sets reveals that qualitative features including business attributes and linguistic features have the highest predictive power, achieving AUC scores of 0.72 and 0.67, respectively. Furthermore, the explanations generated by the interpretability framework demonstrate that these models can potentially identify the reasons from review texts for the survival of a business.
Microbial Ecology Shifts in the Ileum of Broilers During Feed Withdrawal and Dietary Manipulations (2008)

Broilers are withheld from feed for 8 to 24 h before processing to empty the gastrointestinal tract and reduce potential carcass contamination from gastrointestinal tract contents. Intestinal microbial changes during feed withdrawal (FW) have not been thoroughly defined. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of diet and FW on the microbial ecology in the small intestine. In experiment 1, 42-d-old broilers were fed diets containing no additive (control), 250 ppm of CuSO(4), or bacitracin (BMD; 30 ppm) and were also subjected to FW for 0, 10, and 24 h. Six birds from each dietary treatment were killed at each FW time point and ileal mucosa and digesta were collected. Microbial communities were determined by isolating bacterial DNA, amplifying the V3 region of 16S ribosomal DNA, and performing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The mucosal microbial profiles from birds at 0 h of FW had higher similarity values than those at 24 h of FW, indicating that as FW time increased, uniformity of intestinal microbial populations decreased. Numbers of bands (an indicator of numbers of bacterial species present) at 0 h (9.38) were greater than those at 10 and 24 h (5.39 and 5.78, respectively), suggesting a reduction in microbial species and diversity as FW time increased. Copper-fed birds had greater similarity coefficients than either the control or BMD-fed birds, but BMD-fed birds had greater band numbers. No interaction between diet and FW was observed and no digesta differences were observed. In experiment 2, 62-d-old birds fed corn-soy diets in floor pens were subjected to 0, 8, 12, and 24 h of FW. Ileal mucosal tissue was collected and analyzed as in experiment 1. Mucosal microbiota similarities were greater at 0 h of FW than at 8, 12, or 24 h of FW and band numbers were reduced between 0 and 24 h of FW. Data from these studies suggest that FW and dietary treatments alter the microbial community of the intestine by decreasing bacterial diversity in the ileum.
Chiral HPLC separation and CD spectra of the enantiomers of the alkaloid tacamonine and related compounds (2001)

The HPLC enantiomeric separation of racemic indole alkaloids tacamonine, 17 alpha-hydroxytacamonine, deethyleburnamonine, and vindeburnol was accomplished using Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OD as chiral stationary phases. Small structural differences affect the enantioselectivity ability of these phases. Single enantiomers of tacamonine and vindeburnol were isolated by semipreparative HPLC and their CD spectra and optical rotations were measured.
Structure of a third murine immunoglobulin lambda light chain variable region that is expressed in laboratory mice. (1987)

Recently, we reported evidence for the existence of an immunoglobulin lambda light chain (lambda x) whose variable region differs from those encoded by the known V lambda gene segments V lambda 1 and V lambda 2. Expression of lambda x was detected in some hybridomas elicited by treatment of a BALB/c mouse with rabbit anti-lambda 2 antibodies coupled to bacterial lipopolysaccharide [Sanchez, P. & Cazenave, P.-A. (1987) J. Exp. Med. 166, 265-270]. We constructed a cDNA clone from one hybridoma (B6) that expresses the lambda x chain and determined the complete nucleotide sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of V lambda x is 30-33% identical with those encoded by V lambda 1 and V lambda 2 and by V kappa gene segments. The third hypervariable region of V lambda x is four codons longer than those of the other murine variable gene segments. The expression of lambda x requires a genomic rearrangement that juxtaposes the V lambda x gene with the J lambda 2-C lambda 2 joining-constant gene pair. Rabbit anti-V lambda x antibodies detected the lambda x light chain in the normal sera of all laboratory mice tested. Lambda x expression seems to be independent of lambda 1 expression, since both SJL and SJA strains, which are defective in lambda 1 production, express normal levels of lambda x chain.
Mist particle diameters are related to the toxicity of waterproofing sprays: comparison between toxic and non-toxic products. (1997)

Although respiratory failures following exposure to waterproofing sprays have been reported worldwide, their mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sorted each of 12 commercial waterproofing sprays into either the Toxic Group (No 1-4) or the Non-Toxic Group (No 5-12) and compared the pathological changes produced in the lungs of mice after their inhalation. Then we determined the diameters of each product's mist particles and their adhesion rates to cloth. The 4 products in the Toxic Group, reported as toxic to human beings, caused severe damage to mice lungs, whereas the 8 products in the Non-Toxic Group, not reported as toxic, caused little if any damage. The percentage of particle < or = 10 microns were significantly higher in the Toxic Group than in the Non-Toxic Group. The adhesion rate to cloth correlated to the mean particle diameter and was significantly lower in the Toxic Group than in the Non-Toxic Group. The toxic sprays generated mists of smaller particle diameter than the non-toxic sprays, suggesting that the mist particle diameters of waterproofing sprays are related to their toxicity.
Sonochemical preparation of polymer–metal nanocomposites with catalytic and plasmonic properties (2021)

Polymer-metal nanocomposites are of increasing interest for a wide range of applications; however, the preparation of these nanocomposites often requires the addition of external initiation and reducing agents for the synthesis of polymer and metal nanoparticles, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of polymer-metal nanocomposites for improved catalytic performance by utilizing ultrasound as both the initiation and reducing source. Specifically, synthesis of the macro-RAFT agent containing poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], followed by ultrasound-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (sono-PISA), provides triblock copolymer nanoparticles containing tertiary amine groups. These polymer nanoparticles were further used as the scaffold for the <i>in situ</i> reduction of metal ions (Au and Pd ions) by radicals generated <i>via</i> sonolysis of water without additional reducing agents. The immobilization of metal nanoparticles has been confirmed by TEM and electron diffraction patterns. Polymer-Au nanocomposites with stepwise-grown AuNPs can be applied as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) detection. Furthermore, the catalytic performances of these prepared polymer-Au and polymer-Pd nanocomposites were examined for aerobic alcohol oxidation and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, respectively. Overall, this strategy is expected to greatly expand the utility of ultrasound in the preparation of polymer-metal nanocomposites and promote the catalytic applications of these nanocomposites.
A Random Forest based predictor for medical data classification using feature ranking (2019)

Medical data classification is considered to be a challenging task in the field of medical informatics. Although many works have been reported in the literature, there is still scope for improvement. In this paper, a feature ranking based approach is developed and implemented for medical data classification. The features of a dataset are ranked using some suitable ranker algorithms, and subsequently the Random Forest classifier is applied only on highly ranked features to construct the predictor. We have conducted extensive experiments on 10 benchmark datasets and the results are promising. We present highly accurate predictors for 10 different diseases, as well as suggest a methodology that is sufficiently general and is expected to perform well for other diseases with similar datasets.
An analysis of the reliability of a wafer level package (WLP) using a silicone under the bump (SUB) configuration (2004)

Silicone Under the Bump (SUB) is a novel wafer level packaging (WLP) concept aimed at improving the reliability of solder joints. Poor reliability of the solder joints is amibuted to large stresses generated by a mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficient of the chip and that of the printed circuit hoard. The severity of this problem increases with chip sue. The SUB is integrated into the package between the chip and solder joint. Improvement in the solder joint reliability on thermal cycling results tlom dissipation of the stresses into the low modulus silicone layer. Non-linear 3D Finite Element Analysis (EA) bas been used to predict the reliability of a model package under thermal cycling. The model incorporates a SUB design with the electrical interconnect layer partially covering the silicone. Simulation with a virtual design of experiment has been performed to assess the sensitivity of the models design parameters to the induced plastic strain in the solder and metallization. These parameters include the metal lead configuration, the geometry of the SUB and the material properties of the SUB. The time and an increase in the manufacturing cost [6]. As a lower cost process, WLP's have several advantages that will further grow as the sue of wafers continues to increase. However, to take advantage of the economy of the process, the solder joint reliability of WLP's needs to be improved. Such improvement is expected for a SUB based WLP design hut factors such as the SUB material properties and geomehy need to he defmed for optimum performance. It is anticipated that design optimization will provide sufficient performance to allow for wafer level packaging of memory chips in spite of their relatively large die size [7]. This paper presents an overview of simulation results pertaining to the thermo-mechanical behavior of a model WLP package with a SUB design. The fundamental damage mechanism associated with accumulated plastic strain in the solder and metallization are discussed in relation to the sensitivity factors that include, the metal lead width and position, the geometry of the SUB and material properties of the SUB. The thermomechanical results were used as a baseline for comparing the model trends. magnitude of the thermal cycling damage was represented by The technology nf SUEWLP package an increment of the equivalent plastic strain in each ~~il~~ analysis of relatively large silicon wp devices metallization layer and solder joint. The results suggest that mounted onto a PCB and to thermal cycles has Using a narrow metallization Ship on the SUB Significantly shown that the solder joint reliability is very low [SI. To rd~ces damage to the solder. However, fatigue damage to the reduce the damage caused by the accumulated inelastic strain metallization then hecomes the critical for in the solder, a flexible silicone hump is placed between the
Transluminal angioplasty: a mechanical-pathophysiological correlation of its physical mechanisms. (1984)

We quantitatively determined the relative contribution of various factors leading to arterial lumen enlargement during transluminal angioplasty. Mechanical tests were conducted on both normal and atherosclerotic artery necropsy specimens. In our range of dilating pressures (0-3.4 atm or 0-50 lb/in2), content extrusion of fluid from the plaque accounted for 6-12% of the overall lumen area increase, while compaction of the plaque accounted for only 1-1.5%. The majority of the increase, 86.8-93%, was due to plaque and arterial wall disruption. The mechanism of disruption began with shearing of the plaque from the underlying artery at relatively low dilating pressures and continued with longitudinal tearing and stretching of the arterial wall at higher pressures. Diseased arteries dilated significantly more than nondiseased arteries at dilating pressures greater than or equal to 1.36 atm or 20 lb/in2 (P less than .05). In the range of stenoses that were tested (10-50%), the mean dilating pressure required to increase the lumen cross-sectional area by 50% was approximately 1.5 atm or 22 lb/in2.
First-In-Human, Phase 1, Randomized, Dose-Escalation Trial with Recombinant Anti–IL-20 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients with Psoriasis (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01261767.
Numerical Simulation of Deagration-to-Detonation Transition in Obstructed Spaces (2010)

We numerically simulate deflagration-to-detonation transition(DDT) in obstructed spaces. The twodimensional, chemically reactive, compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved with an explicit second-order finite volume method. The reaction model is based on one-step Arrhenius kinetics and is calibrated to reproduce the correct speeds for a flame and a detonation. An adaptive Cartesian mesh is used to enhance the resolution of reaction fronts and shocks, and is organized with the Fully Threaded Tree data structure. The numerical results show the series of events leading to flame acceleration, shock formation, shock-flame interactions, DDT, and detonation propagation. Obstacles have significant effect on each process through their interactions with flows and shocks. The flow passing over an obstacle causes flow instabilities, which accelerate the flame through flame wrinkling. Frequent shock reflection from obstacles promotes shock-flame interactions and DDT. As a result, the layout of obstacles alters how and where DDT occurs.
Data for: Stability of M3S3 complexes on fcc M(111) surfaces: M = Au, Ag, Cu, and Ni (2018)

Optimized coordinates in POSCAR format of M3S3 complexes on M(111) surface, with M=Au, Ag, Cu, and Ni.
Closed-Loop Extraction (2017)

Approaches for analytical-scale extraction are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput, to minimize material use in laboratory methods, and to develop on-site capabilities. In this contribution, definitions and recommendations for symbols for the terms used in analytical extraction are presented. Exhaustive, microextraction, elevated temperature, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted, parallel batch, flow through systems, and membrane extraction approaches are discussed. An associated tutorial titled “Extraction” provides a detailed introduction to the topic.
Nonreciprocal signal routing in an active quantum network (2018)

As superconductor quantum technologies are moving towards large-scale integrated circuits, a robust and flexible approach to routing photons at the quantum level becomes a critical problem. Active circuits, which contain parametrically driven elements selectively embedded in the circuit, offer a viable solution. Here, we present a general strategy for routing nonreciprocally quantum signals between two sites of a given lattice of oscillators, implementable with existing superconducting circuit components. Our approach makes use of a dual lattice of overdamped oscillators linking the nodes of the main lattice. Solutions for spatially selective driving of the lattice elements can be found, which optimally balance coherent and dissipative hopping of microwave photons to nonreciprocally route signals between two given nodes. In certain lattices these optimal solutions are obtained at the exceptional point of the dynamical matrix of the network. We also demonstrate that signal and noise transmission characteristics can be separately optimized.
Floating anchorage-independent fibroblast-like cells mediate cartilage destruction independently from the hyperplastic synovial tissue (2003)

Apoptosis is a principal mechanism in metazoans by which superfluous or potentially harmful cells are eliminated. Deregulation of this process leads to a variety of diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Stimuli that can induce apoptosis are relatively diverse, and include the death factors (Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor and TRAIL), DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Regardless of the origin of the apoptotic stimulus, commitment to apoptosis leads to activation of caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. Cleavage of a select group of cellular substrates by caspases is responsible for the morphological and biochemical changes that characterize apoptotic cell death. The degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the features of apoptotic cell death, and is mediated by a caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Cells deficient in CAD undergo cell death without the DNA fragmentation, but CAD-null mice did not show any adverse phenotypes. A close examination of the apoptotic cells in these mice indicated that apoptotic cells are always in macrophages. It seems that at an early stage of apoptosis, the dying cells present an 'eat me signal' on their surface. This signal is recognized by macrophages for engulfment, and DNase II in the lysosomes of macrophages degrades DNA of apoptotic cells. Mice deficient in both CAD and DNase II genes were established, and the development of various organs was found to be severely impaired in these mutant mice. The mice accumulated a large amount of undigested DNA in macrophages in various tissues during development. This accumulation of DNA in macrophages activated the innate immunity to induce the expression of the interferon gene. The interferon thus produced seems to be responsible for the impaired tissue development. These results indicate that the degradation of DNA during apoptotic cell death is an essential step of apoptosis to maintain mammalian homeostasis.