gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid and Alkaline Solutions of Local Anesthetics (1985)

The effect of solution pH on the duration of rat infraorbital nerve blocks produced by 1% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine at pH 5.0 and 7.4, with and without epinephrine was investigated in a double-blind study. The time course of tissue pH changes subsequent to infections into the infraorbital area or abdominal musculature of rats was measured with a tissue pH microelectrode. Injectable pH had little or no effect upon the duration of block. Tissue pH was minimally changed by the injection of solutions at pH 7.4, but decreased appreciably with injections of solutions at pH 5.0, or if the injectate contained epinephrine.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Heterocyclothiazenes. Part 19. Synthesis of 1,3,2‐Dithiazoles Using Bis(chlorothio)nitronium Tetrachloroaluminate, (N(SCl)2)(AlCl4). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Confocal Microscopy Studies of Magnetically Labeled Endothelial Progenitor Cells Trafficking to Sites of Tumor Angiogenesis (2005)

MRI demonstrated the incorporation of FePro-labeled human CD34+/AC133+ EPCs into the neovasculature of implanted flank tumors.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Major Basement Membrane Types in Rhesus Monkey <i>Macaca mulatta</i> Acellular Renal Cortex (1986)

Increasing interest in animal models of human nephropathies have led to a number of renal studies in nonhuman primates. In the current investigation, sequential detergent extraction of cellular elements was carried out on renal cortical tissue blocks from rhesus monkey in an effort to demonstrate clearly the morphological features of major basement membrane (BM) types and their associated extracellular matrix (ECM). LM and TEM views of acellular tissue blocks demonstrate planar arrangements of ECM components, while SEM studies provide striking three-dimensional images of their surface characteristics. All major BM types maintain their in vivo histoarchitectures despite the absence of cells. We propose that the intrinsic structural rigidity of tubular (TBM), Bowman's capsule (BCBM) and peritubular capillary BM (PTCBM) may be related to to their close external association with collagenous fibrils, while glomerular BM (GBM) may be internally supported by a network of mesangial matrix (MM) plates and trabeculae which extend onto internal surfaces of peripheral GBM loops. Thicknesses of rhesus monkey renal BMs show that they are similar to those seen in the laboratory rat and, in general, BCBM greater than TBM greater than GBM greater than PTCBM. We conclude that rhesus monkey renal BMs closely resemble those described by us in the human [J. Ultrastruct. Res. 82: 96-110, 1983] and that this species offers an attractive model for studies of renal diseases of BM origin-notably diabetes mellitus.
Realistic Evaluation of Transfer Lengths in Pretensioned, Prestressed Concrete Members (2000)

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Effect of dietary fat composition on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich plasma lipoproteins in the postprandial phase in meal-fed rats. (1988)

Rats conditioned to eating fixed-size meals (meals at 7 AM and 7 PM), consuming diets rich in palm oil or sunflower seed oil, were used to study the metabolism of chylomicrons and hepatic very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) as a function of time after meal consumption. Rats fed a palm oil diet had higher serum triacylglycerol levels at 7 AM, before the meal (1.96 +/- 0.25 mM vs. 1.09 +/- 0.09 mM) and reached higher levels postprandially (4.32 +/- 0.48 mM vs. 2.87 +/- 0.18 mM) than sunflower seed oil-fed animals, due to higher levels of hepatic VLDL (at 7 AM) and higher levels of chylomicrons and hepatic VLDL (in the postprandial phase). These differences in serum triacylglycerol concentrations between the diets tested were found not to be due to differences in hepatic VLDL triacylglycerol secretion (similar rate for both dietary groups and not very much affected by meal consumption) or chylomicron triacylglycerol secretion (similar response profiles on both diets), pointing towards differences in plasma triacylglycerol catabolism. Subsequent double-label studies on triacylglycerol catabolism of chylomicrons from palm oil- and sunflower seed oil-fed animals in chow-fed recipients showed that palm oil triacyglycerol is catabolized slower than sunflower seed oil triacylglycerol. Furthermore, activities of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase tended to be higher in sunflower seed oil-fed animals. From these data we conclude that the relative hypertriglyceridemia found in palm oil-fed animals is due to less efficient catabolism and not to increased synthesis of plasma triacylglycerol.
The Possible Interplay of Synaptic and Clock Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2007)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social communication, absence or delay in language, and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Results from genetic studies reveal one pathway associated with susceptibility to ASD, which includes the synaptic cell adhesion molecules NLGN3, NLGN4, and NRXN1 and a postsynaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3. This protein complex is crucial for the maintenance of functional synapses as well as the adequate balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Among the factors that could modulate this pathway are the genes controlling circadian rhythms. Indeed, sleep disorders and low melatonin levels are frequently observed in ASD. In this context, an alteration of both this synaptic pathway and the setting of the clock would greatly increase the risk of ASD. In this chapter, I report genetic and neurobiological findings that highlight the major role of synaptic and clock genes in the susceptibility to ASD. On the basis of these lines of evidence, I propose that future studies of ASD should investigate the circadian modulation of synaptic function as a focus for functional analyses and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Mouse Model of Coxiella burnetii Aerosolization (2016)

Coxiella burnetii is mainly transmitted by aerosols and is responsible for multiple-organ lesions. Animal models have shown C. burnetii pathogenicity, but long-term outcomes still need to be clarified. We used a whole-body aerosol inhalation exposure system to mimic the natural route of infection in immunocompetent (BALB/c) and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. After an initial lung inoculum of 10(4) C. burnetii cells/lung, the outcome, serological response, hematological disorders, and deep organ lesions were described up to 3 months postinfection. C. burnetii-specific PCR, anti-C. burnetii immunohistochemistry, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting C. burnetii-specific 16S rRNA completed the detection of the bacterium in the tissues. In BALB/c mice, a thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia were first observed, prior to evidence of C. burnetii replication. In all SCID mouse organs, DNA copies increased to higher levels over time than in BALB/c ones. Clinical signs of discomfort appeared in SCID mice, so follow-up had to be shortened to 2 months in this group. At this stage, all animals presented bone, cervical, and heart lesions. The presence of C. burnetii could be attested in situ for all organs sampled using immunohistochemistry and FISH. This mouse model described C. burnetii Nine Mile strain spread using aerosolization in a way that corroborates the pathogenicity of Q fever described in humans and completes previously published data in mouse models. C. burnetii infection occurring after aerosolization in mice thus seems to be a useful tool to compare the pathogenicity of different strains of C. burnetii.
Abstract 5155: Suppression of gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by miR-23 directed downregulation of key gluconeogenic enzymes and the transcription factor PGC-1α (2012)

Abstract Although the mechanism and functional significance of high levels of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells (Warburg effect) have been extensively studied, the possibility of altered gluconeogenesis that could potentially facilitate glycolytic pathway has not been explored. To examine this possibility, we investigated the potential alteration in expression of the key enzymes in gluconeogenesis pathway and its underlying mechanism using a mouse HCC model and primary human HCC. In the mouse model, C57/BL6 mice fed choline deficient and amino acid defined (CDAA) diet progressively develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH) and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of genes encoding glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, as well as PGC-1α, a transcription factor that regulates G6PC and PEPCK expression, was drastically reduced in the tumors. Increased serum ALT and decreased serum glucose levels correlated well with the liver damage and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the tumor bearing mice. The mRNA levels G6PC, PEPCK, FBP1 and PGC-1α were also curtailed by ∼80% in the majority of primary human HCCs compared to matching peritumoral livers. Further, the glucose 6-phosphatase activity was markedly diminished in the mouse liver tumors and human primary HCCs, and G6PC expression correlated with tumor grade in human primary HCCs. The expression of miR-23a, a candidate microRNA targeting PGC-1α and G6PC, was significantly elevated in mouse and human HCCs. We established that PGC-1α and G6PC are direct targets of miR-23a and demonstrated that their expressions are inversely related to miR-23a expression in human HCCs. Furthermore, miR-23a negatively regulates glucose production in mouse hepatocytes in culture. The miR-23a level was upregulated following treatment of hepatic cells with IL-6 and significantly reduced by phospho-Stat3 inhibitor or siRNA-mediated depletion of Stat3, demonstrating the involvement of IL-6 signaling pathway in miR-23a expression. Positive regulation of miR-23a expression by IL-6-Stat3 signaling was further confirmed by ChIP analysis and miR-23a promoter-luciferase assay. This study has convincingly demonstrated severe compromise of gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma in both mouse HCC model and primary HCC and elucidated its mechanism involving IL-Stat3-mediated activation of miR-23a, resulting in hypoglycemia (supported, in part, by the grant CA 086978-10 from the National Institutes of Health). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5155. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5155
Testing of the durability of single-crystal calcium fluoride with and without antireflection coatings for use with high-power KrF excimer lasers (1992)

The transmission of uncoated and antireflection (AR)-coated CaF(2) windows has been measured during long KrF laser exposures. Samples were tested for up to 75 million pulses in front of an industrial-grade KrF excimer laser at high repetition rates (200-300 Hz) and moderately high energy fluence (220-550 mJ/cm(2)). In this fluence range bare CaF(2) performs much better than the best fused silicas currently available. Various AR coatings (whose structures were initially unknown to us) were deposited on CaF(2) substrates polished to two distinct surface finishes. We determined the coating structures by usingx-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to identify positively all elements that were heavier than fluorine and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy to determine the layer structure and approximate layer thicknesses. We confirmed the structures by comparing measured UV transmission spectra with computer simulations. This study reveals excellent performance for SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3)/SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) coatings on highly polished substrates, which provided two-sided transmission in excess of 99.8% at 248 nm and no measurable deterioration after 75 million pulses. AMgF(2)/Al(2)O(3) coating also performed quite well, while a hafnia-containing coating (MgF(2)/HfO(2)/LaF(3)) exhibited anomalous behavior. All-fluoride coatings consisting of MgF(2)/LaF(3)/MgF(2) and MgF(2)/LaF(3)/AlF(3) had good durability but lower starting transmission as a result of scatter losses in the LaF(3) layer. These results demonstrate the availability of AR-coated CaF(2) optics for high-power KrF laser applications with high transmission and no sign of degradation up to ~7 x 10(7) pulses.
An industrial experiment in automatic generation of executable test suites for a cache coherency protocol (1998)

In this paper, we present an end-to-end industrial case-study concerning the automatic generation of tests suites for the Cache Coherency Protocol of a Multiprocessor Architecture. It consists of the following stages: (1) formal specification of the architecture using Lotos language, (2) formal description of the test purposes, (3) automatic generation of abstract test suites using the prototype TGV, and (4) automatic generation and analysis of executable test suites. Through the description of each of the previous stages, this paper demonstrates that tools designed for protocol conformance testing can be efficiently used to generate executable tests for hardware concurrent systems.
Ectopic Bone Induction on and in Porous Hydroxyapatite Combined with Collagen and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (1988)

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA-P) discs (5 mm in diameter; 1.5 mm thick; porosity, 80%; mean pore size, 200 micron) were impregnated with purified bovine skin collagen (1 mg/disc) and a small amount of semipurified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) of sarcoma origin (100 micrograms/disc) and implanted into dorsal muscles of ddY mice. Within one week new ectopic cartilagenous tissue was consistently formed on the surface of the discs adjacent to the host tissue. The cartilage was resorbed and replaced by normal bone containing hematopoietic bone marrow four weeks after implantation and the discs became encased in the newly formed bone. HA-P discs impregnated with only collagen (HA-P/collagen) or only BMP (100 micrograms/disc; HA-P/BMP) did not evoke formation of new cartilage or bone. These results indicate that collagen is effective as a carrier of BMP for expression of the biologic activity of the latter in vivo and that it may be of practical use as a carrier of BMP with synthetic biomaterials.
Special Issue: Recombinant Protein Expression in Microorganisms (2019)

Microorganisms are widely used in industrial biotechnology as cell factories for the sustainable production of a wide range of compounds and chemicals [...].
Transient Hypogonadism Is Associated With Heart Rate–Corrected QT Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes Risk During Active Systemic Inflammation in Men (2021)

Background Systemic inflammation and male hypogonadism are 2 increasingly recognized "nonconventional" risk factors for long-QT syndrome and torsades de pointes (TdP). Specifically, inflammatory cytokines prolong, while testosterone shortens the heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) via direct electrophysiological effects on cardiomyocytes. Moreover, several studies demonstrated important interplays between inflammation and reduced gonad function in men. We hypothesized that, during inflammatory activation in men, testosterone levels decrease and that this enhances TdP risk by contributing to the overall prolonging effect of inflammation on QTc. Methods and Results We investigated (1) the levels of sex hormones and their relationship with inflammatory markers and QTc in male patients with different types of inflammatory diseases, during active phase and recovery; and (2) the association between inflammatory markers and sex hormones in a cohort of male patients who developed extreme QTc prolongation and TdP, consecutively collected over 10 years. In men with active inflammatory diseases, testosterone levels were significantly reduced, but promptly normalized in association with the decrease in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels. Reduction of testosterone levels, which also inversely correlated with 17-β estradiol over time, significantly contributed to inflammation-induced QTc prolongation. In men with TdP, both active systemic inflammation and hypogonadism were frequently present, with significant correlations between C-reactive protein, testosterone, and 17-β estradiol levels; in these patients, increased C-reactive protein and reduced testosterone were associated with a worse short-term outcome of the arrhythmia. Conclusions During systemic inflammatory activation, interleukin-6 elevation is associated with reduced testosterone levels in males, possibly deriving from an enhanced androgen-to-estrogen conversion. While transient, inflammatory hypotestosteronemia is significantly associated with an increased long-QT syndrome/TdP risk in men.
Phenylalanine 90 and 93 Are Localized within the Phenol Binding Site of Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 as Determined by Photoaffinity Labeling, Mass Spectrometry, and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (2006)

4-Azido-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-AzHBA), a novel photoactive benzoic acid derivative, has been synthesized and used as a photoprobe to identify the phenol binding site of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Analysis of recombinant His-tag UGTs from the 1A family for their ability to glucuronidate p-nitrophenol (pNP) and 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) revealed that UGT1A10 shows high activity toward phenols and phenol derivatives. Purified UGT1A10 was photolabeled with 4-AzHBA, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)-mass spectrometry. A single modified peak corresponding to amino acid residues 89-98 (EFMVFHAQWK) of UGT1A10 was identified. The attachment site of the 4-AzHBA probe was localized to the quadruplet Phe(90)-Met(91)-Val(92)-Phe(93) using ESI LC-MS/MS. Sequence alignment revealed that the Phe(90) and Phe(93) are conserved in UGT1A7-10. Site-directed mutagenesis of these two amino acids was then followed by kinetic analysis of the mutants with two phenolic substrates, pNP and 4-MU, containing one and two planar rings, respectively. Using the combination of photoaffinity labeling, enzymatic digestion, MALDI-TOF and LC-MS mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis, we have determined for the first time that Phe(90) and Phe(93) are directly involved in the catalytic activity of UGT1A10 toward 4-MU and pNP.
Propylene Glycol Fatty Acid Esters (2014)

Fatty acid esters of propylene glycol (1, 2-propanediol) have been known to the food industry for about 40 years. The specific crystalline properties of distilled propylene glycol monostearate (PGMS) and its ability to stabilize the meta-stable α-crystal form of distilled monoglycerides are beneficial in many aerated products, such as non-dairy desserts, whipping creams, powdered toppings and cake emulsifiers. Propylene glycol fatty acid esters are lipophilic, oil-soluble emulsifiers with specific crystalline properties. Industrial production of propylene glycol fatty acid esters can take place via the esterification of propylene glycol with fatty acids, typically in the form of commercial stearic acid blends. The use of propylene glycol esters of fatty acids in foods, as with all other food emulsifiers, is controlled by health authorities. Outside the food industry, PGMS is found in many cosmetic applications, including creams and lotions.
Feasibility study for epidemic prevention and control in a regional hospital (2011)

Epidemic prevention policies in hospitals address issues such as, indoor air quality control, cleanliness of medical staff clothing and employee hand-washing procedures. Our hospital employed Bio-Kil to treat air-conditioning filters and nursing staff uniforms. We also assessed the efficacy of different detergents. Using Bio-Kil technology, the mean bacterial count in the air was reduced from 108.8 CFU/h/plate (n=420) to 68.6 CFU/h/plate (n=630). On the lower hems of the Bio-Kil-treated gowns, the mean bacterial count was 1,201 CFU/100 cm(2), markedly lower than the bacterial count of 7,753 CFU/100 cm(2), found on the parts of the gowns not treated with Bio-Kil (p=0.0401). On the cuffs of sleeves treated with Bio-Kil, the mean count was 1,165 CFU/100 cm(2), markedly lower than that of 2,131 CFU/100 cm(2), found on the cuffs not treated with Bio-Kil (p=0.0073). With regard to the mean bacterial eradication rates of antimicrobial solutions, Steridal Solution, 75% alcohol and Bio-Kil (3rd generation) were shown to be the most effective, with rates exceeding 80%. Hibiscrub with paper towels and Fresh Protect Skin were the second most effective. Bio-Kil (1st generation), tap water with paper towels, liquid hand soap with paper towels and ozone water were the least effective. One important observation was that hand-washing without the use of paper towels increased the bacterial count by as much as 84% . Bio-Kil is effective in reducing bacterial counts in the air, on nursing staff uniforms and is an effective detergent.
Use of carbon–oligomer filler prepared from rubbers reclaimed with dinitrogen monoxide as a component of elastomer compounds (2017)

Samples of carbon–oligomer filler prepared by ketonization of tire rubber crumb with dinitrogen monoxide were characterized. The effect of the oligomeric component of the filler on the kinetic parameters of cross-linking in model compounds was determined. A study of the main rheological and physicomechanical properties of elastomer compounds based on butadiene–α-methylstyrene rubber containing carbon–oligomer filler demonstrated the possibility of using it as a component of polyfunctional action.
Co-creating an Adventure Playground (CAP): Reading playwork stories, practices and artefacts, Gloucester: University of Gloucestershire (2014)

This report draws on findings from an action research project carried out with an adventure playground (AP) over a six-month period during summer/autumn 2013. The overall intention was to explore the ways in which playwork practitioners at the playground make sense of and give meaning to their practice in designing and maintaining an environment for play. Working collaboratively with members of the play and playwork team at the University of Gloucestershire, adventure playground workers explored current articulations of design intentions and practices drawing on a range of conceptual approaches and tools. This brought a critical and reflective lens to the production of the AP, its everyday rhythms, routines and habits, and the ways in which adults and children co-create play spaces.