gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Consumption of Always-On Applications in WCDMA Networks (2007)

Always-on applications, such as push email and voice-over-IP, are characterized by the need to be constantly reachable for incoming communications. In the presence of stateful firewalls or NATs, such applications require "keep-alive" messages to maintain up-to-date connection state in the firewall or NAT, and thus preserve reachability. In this paper, we analyze how these keep-alive messages influence battery lifetime in WCDMA networks. Using measurements in a 3G network, we show that the energy consumption is significantly influenced by the radio resource control (RRC) parameters and the frequency of keep-alive messages. The results suggest that especially UDP-based protocols, such as mobile IPv4 and IPsec NAT traversal mechanisms, require very frequent keep-alives that can lead to unacceptably short battery lifetimes.
Expression and Function of miR-155 in Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA that can regulate the expression of target genes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. miR-155 is a multifunctional miRNA with inflammation-related and oncogenic roles. In particular, the dysregulation of miR-155 has been strongly implicated in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer in addition to being involved in molecular changes of important targets and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the expression and function of miR-155 during inflammation and carcinogenesis and its potential use as an effective therapeutic target for certain gastrointestinal diseases.
Improved ADRC With ILC Control of a CCD-Based Tracking Loop for Fast Steering Mirror System (2018)

In order to improve the tracking accuracy of the fine tracking system of free-space optical communications, a proposed active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with iterative learning control (ILC) strategy is designed to regulate the fast steering mirror (FSM) system. First, based on the open-loop frequency response results of the system, we can approximately confirm the system transfer function and prepare for the design of the controller. Then, an improved ADRC that using sliding mode control instead of the traditional nonlinear state error feedback method is proposed to attenuate the influence of the unknown and unmolded parts. In addition, the ILC method is used to compensate the hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators and improve the overall system performance. The experimental results indicate that the tracking accuracy of the system is 1 μrad at 1k sampling frequency. In addition, the recommended method shows the better disturbance suppression performance than traditional ADRC in simulation and experimental investigations. This method has a very high application value in the field of visual axis stability, adaptive optics, and other fields.
Novel reactive silyl enolates. Highly stereoselective aldol and Michael reactions without catalysts (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel reactive silyl enolates. Highly stereoselective aldol and Michael reactions without catalystsShu Kobayashi and Koichi NishioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 10, 2647–2649Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00062a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00062a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Improved Monte Carlo localization of autonomous robots through simultaneous estimation of motion model parameters (2010)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in autonomous navigation for lightweight flying robots. With regard to self-localization flying robots have several limitations compared to ground vehicles. Due to their limited payload flying vehicles possess only limited computational resources and are restricted to a few and lightweight sensors. Additionally the kinematics of flying robots is rather complex, which requires sophisticated motion models that are typically hard to calibrate. However, as the sensors provide only a limited amount of information, the motion models need to be highly accurate to reduce the potential increase of uncertainty caused by the movements of the vehicle. In this paper, we present a novel approach to simultaneous localization and estimation of motion model parameters and their adaptation in the context of a particle filter. To deal with sudden changes of parameters, our approach utilizes random sampling augmented by additional damping to avoid oscillations caused by the delayed detection of the changes. As we demonstrate in experiments with a real blimp, our method can deal with very sparse and imprecise sensor information and outperforms a standard Monte Carlo localization approach.
Comparison of new conditional value‐at‐risk‐based management models for optimal allocation of uncertain water supplies (2007)

The paper studies the effect of incorporating the conditional value‐at‐risk ( CVaR α ) in analyzing a water allocation problem versus using the frequently used expected value, two‐stage modeling, scenario analysis, and linear optimization tools. Five models are developed to examine water resource allocation when available supplies are uncertain: (1) a deterministic expected value model, (2) a scenario analysis model, (3) a two‐stage stochastic model with recourse, (4) a CVaR α objective function model, and (5) a CVaR α constraint model. The models are applied over a region of east central Florida. Results show the deterministic expected value model underestimates system costs and water shortage. Furthermore, the expected value model produces identical cost estimates for different standard deviations distributions of water supplies with identical mean. From the scenario analysis model it is again demonstrated that the expected value of results taken from many scenarios underestimates costs and water shortages. Using a two‐stage stochastic mixed integer formulation with recourse permits an improved representation of uncertainties and real‐life decision making which in turn predicts higher costs. The inclusion of CVaR α objective function in the latter provides for the optimization and control of high‐risk events. Minimizing CVaR α does not, however, permit control of lower‐risk events. Constraining CVaR α while minimizing cost, on the other hand, allows for the control of high‐risk events while minimizing the costs of all events. Results show CVaR α exhibits continuous and consistent behavior with respect to the confidence level α , when compared to value‐at‐risk ( VaR α ).
Frequency invariant beamforming with exact null design (2002)

This paper extends earlier results by Ward, Kennedy and Williamson (1995, 1996) for the design of broadband arrays with frequency-invariant (FI) beam patterns to the case where it is desired to place an exact null in a given direction. The beamforming is done using appropriately selected FIR filters. First, the previous results for generating FI beam patterns using FIR filters are briefly summarised. Second, new results which give the conditions required for exact nulls in the beam pattern for all frequencies in any, possibly non-FI, beam pattern are given. Third, a method of generating beam patterns which possess an exact null and which are close, in an L/sub 2/ sense, to an arbitrary FI pattern is presented. Finally, some preliminary experimental results which corroborate the theoretical findings are presented.
Synthesis of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxanes Having a Chiral n-Alkyl Tolansulfinate as the Pendant Group (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Polysiloxanes Having a Chiral n-Alkyl Tolansulfinate as the Pendant GroupStephane J. Mery, Jean-Francois Nicoud, and Daniel GuillonCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 16, 5440–5449Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00120a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00120a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyclic Interferon Gamma Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Renal Carcinoma (1989)

The treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma is still unsatisfactory because of the lack of effective systemic therapy. In 14 patients with metastatic renal carcinoma an attempt was made to influence the course of the disease by administration of recombinant human interferon (rHu-IFN) gamma; 9 patients were evaluated after treatment. There was partial remission in 3 patients, stable disease in 2 and tumour progression in 4. The cyclic application of rHu-IFN at a dose of 0.25 mg/day for 8 days, with treatment-free intervals of 3 to 4 weeks, was tolerated well. Side effects consisted mainly of fever and leucocytopenia. From this small series it seems that cyclic IFN gamma treatment might be helpful in some cases of metastatic renal carcinoma.
Experimental Study of High-Temperature Chlorine-Induced Corrosion in Dependence of Gas Velocity (2013)

High-temperature chlorine-induced corrosion is mainly responsible for the limitation of plant availabilities and electrical efficiencies of waste- and biomass-fired boilers. According to the current state of research, it is controversial if the flue gas velocity influences the corrosion on heat-transfer surfaces. References regarding the behavior of corrosion at different gas velocities are scarcely available, and the complexity in chemistry as well as the varying combustion conditions in conventional plants complicates the interpretation of observations. On the basis of this background, this paper aims to discuss the theoretical background of velocity-dependent corrosion and also investigates the influence of gas velocity on corrosion under ideal laboratory conditions. The work includes both experimental and numerical simulations to study the deposition and corrosion behavior at velocities of 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, and 3.9 m/s. The experimental corrosion tests were carried out in an electrically heated laboratory test rig, where a defined mass of KCl was vaporized and transported by different air flows. An air-cooled corrosion probe was inserted into the reaction tube, and after a set exposure time, the oxide layer thicknesses of the corrosion rings were analyzed metallographically. Accompanied by ANSYS simulations, the condensing rates of KCl on the probe surface were calculated for the different velocity cases. The experiments show tendencies that the mean corrosion rates rise with increasing flue gas velocities. From the experiments and simulations, it can be concluded that the gas velocity influences the condensation and deposition mechanisms, which also directly affects corrosion.
Two Different Strains of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in North and South Osaka by Phylogenetic Analysis of Evolutionary Lineage: Evidence for Independent SFTSV Transmission (2021)

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel tick-borne infectious disease, therefore, the information on the whole genome of the SFTS virus (SFTSV) is still limited. This study demonstrates a nearly whole genome of the SFTSV identified in Osaka in 2017 and 2018 by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The evolutionary lineage of two genotypes, C5 and J1, was identified in Osaka. The first case in Osaka belongs to suspect reassortment (L:C5, M:C5, S:C4), the other is genotype J1 (L: J1, M: J1, S: J1) according to the classification by a Japanese group. C5 was identified in China, indicating that C5 identified in this study may be transmitted by birds between China and Japan. This study revealed that different SFTSV genotypes were distributed in two local areas, suggesting the separate or focal transmission patterns in Osaka.
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Suppresses T Cell Protein Kinase Cθ Lipid Raft Recruitment and IL-2 Production (2004)

To date, the proximal molecular targets through which dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) suppress the inflammatory process have not been elucidated. Because cholesterol and sphingolipid-enriched rafts have been proposed as platforms for compartmentalizing dynamically regulated signaling assemblies at the plasma membrane, we determined the in vivo effects of fish oil and highly purified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) on T cell microdomain lipid composition and the membrane subdomain distribution of signal-transducing molecules (protein kinase C (PKC)theta;, linker for activation of T cells, and Fas/CD95), before and after stimulation. Mice were fed diets containing 5 g/100 g corn oil (control), 4 g/100 g fish oil (contains a mixture of n-3 PUFA) plus 1 g/100 g corn oil, or 4 g/100 g corn oil plus 1 g/100 g DHA ethyl ester for 14 days. Dietary n-3 PUFA were incorporated into splenic T cell lipid raft and soluble membrane phospholipids, resulting in a 30% reduction in raft sphingomyelin content. In addition, polyclonal activation-induced colocalization of PKCtheta; with lipid rafts was reduced by n-3 PUFA feeding. With respect to PKCtheta; effector pathway signaling, both AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation, IL-2 secretion, and lymphoproliferation were inhibited by fish oil feeding. Similar results were obtained when purified DHA was fed. These data demonstrate for the first time that dietary DHA alters T cell membrane microdomain composition and suppresses the PKCtheta; signaling axis.
The dynamics of cellular injury: transformation into neuronal and vascular protection. (2001)

Despite the immediate event, such as cerebral trauma, cardiac arrest, or stroke that may result in neuronal or vascular injury, specific cellular signal transduction pathways in the central nervous system ultimately influence the extent of cellular injury. Yet, it is a cascade of mechanisms, rather than a single cellular pathway, which determine cellular survival during toxic insults. Although neuronal injury associated with several disease entities, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebrovascular disease was initially believed to be irreversible, it has become increasingly evident that either acute or chronic modulation of the cellular and molecular environment within the brain can prevent or even reverse cellular injury. In order to develop rational, efficacious, and safe therapy against neurodegenerative disorders, it becomes vital to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control neuronal and vascular injury. These include the pathways of free radical injury, the independent mechanisms of programmed cell death, and the downstream signal transduction pathways of endonuclease activation, intracellular pH, cysteine proteases, the cell cycle, and tyrosine phosphatase activity. Employing the knowledge gained from investigations into these pathways will hopefully further efforts to successfully develop effective treatments against central nervous system disorders.
ECG Compression with Thresholding of 2-D Wavelet Transform Coefficients and Run Length Coding (2015)

In this paper, we present a new ECG compression method using 2-D wavelet transform. 2-D approaches utilize the fact that ECG signals generally show redundancy between adjacent beats and between adjacent samples. This algorithm consists of four steps: converting 1-D ECG signals into 2-D array and preprocessing, applying DWT, thresholding, and RLC. First, the periods of ECG quasiperiodic signals are founded by using detection of QRS complex, then alignment and period sorting is used to convert the ECG signal into a matrix. After this, normalization is using to scale the value of matrix, and make a gray scale image due to 2-D ECG. Three levels of 2-D wavelet transform are applied to the constructed 2-D ECG data array. Energy of each subband in all of levels is calculated. Then the coefficients of each subband are thresholded based on a desired energy packing efficiency, and then significant coefficients are coded with RLC. In here, we use RLC algorithm, because of it&amp;apos;s good performance on compression. One of the main advantages of this method is lower calculation complexity in comparison with other methods.
Glycation of mitochondrial proteins from diabetic rat kidney is associated with excess superoxide formation (2005)

Chronic hyperglycemia causes structural alterations of proteins through the Maillard reaction. In diabetes, methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced hydroimidazolones are the predominant modification. In contrast to acute hyperglycemia, mitochondrial respiration is depressed in chronic diabetes. To determine whether MGO-derived protein modifications result in abnormalities in mitochondrial bioenergetics and superoxide formation, proteomics and functional studies were performed in renal cortical mitochondria isolated from rats with 2, 6, and 12 mo of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. MGO-modified proteins belonged to the following two pathways: 1) oxidative phosphorylation and 2) fatty acid beta-oxidation. Two of these proteins were identified as components of respiratory complex III, the major site of superoxide production in health and disease. Mitochondria from rats with diabetes exhibited a diminution of oxidative phosphorylation. A decrease in the respiratory complex III activity was significantly correlated with the quantity of MGO-derived hydroimidazolone present on mitochondrial proteins in both diabetic and control animals. In diabetes, isolated renal mitochondria produced significantly increased quantities of superoxide and showed evidence of oxidative damage. Administration of aminoguanidine improved mitochondrial respiration and complex III activity and decreased oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins. Therefore, posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins by MGO may represent pathogenic events leading to mitochondria-induced oxidative stress in the kidney in chronic diabetes.
Keeping e-business in perspective (2002)

As some firms have discovered (usually the hard way), e-business does not fit every business.
Quantitative determination of alk‐1‐enyl‐ and alkyl‐glyceryl ethers in neutral lipids and phospholipids (1968)

A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of alk-l-enyl- and alkyl-glyceryl ethers is described. Complete hydrogenolysis of carboxylate and phosphate esters of neutral lipids and phospholipids was achieved with lithium aluminum hydride. The hydrogenolysis products of the glyceryl ether containing lipids, alk-l-enyl- and alkyl-glyceryl ethers and alcohols, were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), and infrared spectroscopy. The alk-l-enyl- and alkyl-glyceryl ethers were quantitated by TLC photodensitometry. The specificity of this method can also be extended when used in conjunction with GLC, ion-complexing TLC, zonal scanning, and autoradiography to study composition, isomeric form, and the biosynthesis of glyceryl ethers in neutral and phospholipids.The percentage of alk-l-enyl- and alkyl-glyceryl ethers in bothtthe neutral lipids and phospholipids of various rat tissues was determined by the described method. Glyceryl ether glycerides represent 0.3-1.2% of the total neutral lipids whereas the glyceryl ether phosphatides of brain, heart, marrow, muscle, and spleen represent 4.5-12.0% of their total phospholipids. Higher concentrations of glyceryl alkyl than of alk-l-enyl ethers were found in the neutral lipids whereas the glyceryl alk-l-enyl ethers were found to predominate in the phospholipids.
Interacting multiple-model-based tracking of multiple point targets using an expectation maximization algorithm in an infrared image sequence (2005)

Data association and model selection are important factors for tracking multiple targets in a dense clutter environment without using a priori information about the target dynamic. We propose an interacting multiple model-expectation maximization (IMM-EM) algorithm by incorporating different dynamic models for the target and using Markov random field (MRF) for data association. In this way we are able to track maneuvering and nonmaneuvering targets simultaneously in a single batch mode (sequential). Moreover, it can be used for real-time application. The proposed method overcomes the problem of data association by incorporating all validated measurements together using an EM algorithm and exploiting MRF. It treats the data association problem as an incomplete data problem and measurement association as missing data. In the proposed method, all validated measurements are used to update the target state, and the probability density function (pdf) of observed data, given a target state and measurement association, is treated as a mixture pdf. This allows us to combine the likelihood of a measurement due to each model. The association process now incorporates IMM, and consequently, it is possible to track any arbitrary trajectory. We also consider two different cases for association of measurement to target: association of each measurement to the target is independent of each other; and association of a measurement influences an association of its neighbor measurement.
Self‐assembling [2]‐ and [3]Rotaxanes from Secondary Dialkylammonium Salts and Crown Ethers (1996)

Abstract The self‐assembly of three new rotaxanes—two [2]rotaxanes and a [3]rotaxane—formed by a “threading followed by stoppering” approach is described. These template‐directed syntheses rely on the formation of pseudorotaxane intermediates, which self‐assemble in solution from functionalized secondary dialkylammonium hexafluorophosphate threads and macrocyclic polyether rings (either dibenzo‐[24]crown‐8 or its asymmetric constitutional isomer). The stoppers—substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles–were created by thermally allowed 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions between azido groups, which terminate the threads, and di‐ tert ‐butyl acetylenedicarboxylate.