gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Control of Fuel Cell Air Supply System Using Model Predictive Control (2010)

Oxidant (air flow) control is an important aspect of fuel cell reactant control system which is designed to fulfill two purposes: air flow rate control and pressure control. These tasks require coordinated valve operation to reduce pressure variation and stabilize flow rate. In this paper, a nonlinear model describing filling dynamics of the supply and return manifolds is presented. The nonlinear model is then linearized around the stack operating point, based on which a model predictive controller is designed to maintain a constant supply and manifold pressures, as well as a constant pressure on the cathode side. Simulation studies demonstrate the model predictive controller is capable of not only regulating constant pressures during steady state operation, but also substantially reducing pressure variations during transient periods. Simulation also indicates that the control system has good robustness against model uncertainty.
Anharmonicity in mineral physics: A physical interpretation (2003)

Mineral physicists often refer to the quasi‐harmonic approximation. This approximation accepts the intrinsically anharmonic effects of positive thermal expansion coefficient, α, and pressure‐dependent bulk modulus, K T . However, for insulators at high temperatures, the classical specific heat, C V , and the product α K T are assumed to be independent of temperature at constant volume. Departures from this approximation are termed anharmonicity. We interpret this distinction using derivatives of the atomic potential function, ϕ( r ), with atomic spacing, r . C V and K T are reasonably explained by harmonic bonds, that is, ϕ ∝ ( r − a ) 2 , where a is the equilibrium value of r , so that ϕ″ = d 2 ϕ/d r 2 is the only derivative considered. Thermal pressure or expansion and pressure dependence of K T depend on ϕ‴ (referred to as first‐order anharmonic effects). Temperature dependence of C V requires ϕ iv and is a second‐order anharmonic effect. The temperature variation of α K T arises from ϕ v , a third‐order effect. By calculating the Grüneisen parameter, γ, as the ratio of thermal pressure to thermal energy, we relate its anharmonicity to a ratio of derivatives of ϕ. For all commonly used finite strain theories, this gives a temperature variation of γ at high temperature and constant volume systematically less than that of C V . Anharmonicity of C V , which has been more comprehensively studied, may be a few percent at 2000 K, but decreases strongly with compression, so that anharmonicity of both γ and C V is negligible (less than 1% in the case of γ under deep‐Earth conditions).
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(III)‐Based Oxidative Free Radical Cyclizations of Unsaturated 2‐ Cyclohexenones and Aldehydes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Waveguiding via Transformation Optics (2022)

We demonstrate that it is possible to surpass current limitations of nanophotonics and plasmonics by designing an artificial material which can emulate user-defined spatial refractive index distribution. The effective optical property of the material is engineered through the deformation of reflective substrate via transformation optics approach. We provide one of possible applications - subwavelength optical waveguide coupler device based on this technique.
Electrifying Synthesis: Recent Advances in the Methods, Materials, and Techniques for Organic Electrosynthesis (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTElectrifying Synthesis: Recent Advances in the Methods, Materials, and Techniques for Organic ElectrosynthesisShelley D. MinteerShelley D. MinteerUniversity of UtahMore by Shelley D. Minteerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-2249 and Phil BaranPhil BaranScrippsMore by Phil Baranhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-9053Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 2020, 53, 3, 545–546Publication Date (Web):March 17, 2020Publication History Published online17 March 2020Published inissue 17 March 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00049https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00049editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views9797Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (342 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Electrochemistry,Electrodes,Electrosynthesis,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Induction of anti-secretory factor in human milk may prevent mastitis (2004)

Aim: The aim of the study was to try to induce anti-secretory factor (AF) in human milk and possibly prevent mastitis. Methods: Forty mothers who had normal deliveries and healthy full-term infants were randomly divided into two groups, 3–7 days postpartum. The experimental group received a food inducing AF. The control group received the same type of food, without AF-inducing properties. Milk was tested for AF after the mothers had eaten the cereals for 4–5 wk. AF was determined by intravenous injection of milk samples into rats measuring their capacity to prevent secretion into a gut loop of the rat injected with cholera toxin. Results: The median levels of AF differed between the experimental (n= 12) and control groups (n= 16): 1.1 (0.7–1.25) units vs 0.1 (0.0–0.25) units, Z =–4.492, p > 0.0001 (11 mothers dropped out and one milk sample is missing from one of the control mothers). The frequency of mastitis in the experimental compared with the control group was reduced (p= 0.0086, permutation test). The median AF levels in mothers with or without mastitis differed; 0.0 (0.0–0.1) vs 0.5 (0.2–1.1), Z =–2.399, p= 0.017. Conclusion: We suggest a specially treated cereal induces AF in human milk and protects against clinically manifested mastitis.
P4–067: Development of In vitro Abeta sink assay, to identify the dissociation of soluble Abeta from fibrils (2006)

Abeta is one of the primary therapeutic targets for Alzheimer disease. Abeta vaccination induces the disappearance of Abeta deposits in AD model mice. Since few reports have focused on the reverse phase of Abeta aggregation, we established a new screening system, the in vitro Abeta sink assay, to clarify the difference in the process of dissociation of soluble forms from fibrils between Abeta40 and Abeta42. We analyzed soluble Abeta from fibrils by Abeta ELISA and size exclusion chromatography. We further employed ultrasonic irradiation and small molecules to enhance the dissociation of soluble Abeta from fibrils. Abeta42 was more resistant to dissociation from fibrils to monomers and/or low molecular weight (LMW) soluble oligomers than Abeta40. Ultrasound irradiation significantly enhanced the dissociation of soluble Abeta from fibrils, while ultrasound experiments also confirmed the difference between Abeta40 and Abeta42. We screened 7 known small molecules that are reported to inhibit Abeta aggregation. Some of them significantly enhanced dissociation of soluble Abeta42 from fibrils using this system. We propose that Abeta42 is more resistant to dissociation from fibrils to monomers and/or LMW soluble oligomers than Abeta40, and this system might be useful to identify dissociation of soluble Abeta from fibrils.
Mode hopping in semiconductor lasers (2015)

Semiconductor lasers have found widespread use in fiberoptic communications, merchandising (bar-code scanners), entertainment (videodisc and compact disc players), and in scientific inquiry (spectroscopy, laser cooling).Some uses require a minimum degree of stability of wavelength which is not met by these lasers: Under some conditions, semiconductor lasers can discontinuously switch wavelengths in a back-and-forth manner.This is called mode hopping.We show that mode hopping is directly correlated to noise in the total intensity, and that this noise is easily detected by a photodiode.We also show that there are combinations of laser case temperature and injection current which lead to mode hopping.Conversely, there are other combinations for which the laser is stable.These results are shown to have implications for controlling mode hopping.
Non-equilibrium noise in a mesoscopic conductor: microscopic analysis (1994)

Current fluctuations are studied in a mesoscopic conductor using non-equilibrium Keldysh technique. We derive a general expression for the fluctuations in the presence of a time dependent voltage, valid for arbitrary relation between voltage and temperature. Two limits are then treated: a pulse of voltage and a DC voltage. A pulse of voltage causes phase sensitive current fluctuations for which we derive microscopically an expression periodic in $\int V(t)dt$ with the period $h/e$. Applied to current fluctuations in Josephson circuits caused by phase slips, it gives an anomalous contribution to the noise with a logarithmic singularity near the critical current. In the DC case, we get quantum to classical shot noise reduction factor 1/3, in agreement with recent results of Beenakker and Büttiker.
Endoscopic treatments for early gastroesophageal lesions (2021)

Abstract: Gastroesophageal (GEJ) carcinoma is well-recognized since the 1970s and has shown 2.5-fold increase in incidence since then. There still exists much controversy and ambiguity in the literature about the occurrence and recurrence of these lesions post-treatment. This has been attributed to the variability in the terms and definitions used in these junctional lesions. Despite this, great strides have been made in the treatment of early lesions decreasing morbidity and mortality from surgical treatment options. The current modalities involve ablation [like radiofrequency, cryo or argon plasma coagulation (APC)] and/or resection [endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)] depending on the type and nature of lesion. These techniques are an effective tool demonstrating high rates of complete eradication of metaplasia or dysplasia (CE-IM/CE-D). It is crucial that the endoscopists are mindful about meticulous examination of the GEJ and Cardia as well as partake in appropriate surveillance post-endoscopic eradication. In addition, appropriate documentation of the location and type of lesion is also extremely important. This review aims to compare current endoscopic techniques in their efficacy, need for expertise and risk of complications when used in the treatment of early junctional lesions. Future studies and guideline recommendations to standardize definitions, diagnoses and post-treatment surveillance are needed.
A Phase II Study of Docetaxel and Infusional Cisplatin in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

PiD therapy was a well-tolerated and active regimen for patients with advanced NSCLC. The major toxicity was neutropenia.
An efficient depth-adjustment deployment scheme for underwater wireless sensor networks (2015)

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have attracted significant research attention because of the broad application prospects. Unlike a terrestrial network, an underwater sensor network is a three-dimensional (3-D) network and it has peculiar characteristics such as low available bandwidth, large propagation delays, limited energy, etc. Also, complexity of the underwater environment brings about new challenges in node deployment issue. In this paper, a depth-adjustment deployment scheme based on Voronoi diagrams is proposed. It aims to maximize the sensing coverage and behave well in the network lifetime. The nodes are initially deployed on the surface of the water randomly and they can only move in vertical direction in 3-D space. Based on Voronoi diagrams, we find out the scheduling nodes whose disappearance will not decrease the sensing coverage in the current plane. Then let the scheduling nodes move vertically towards to the determined depth. As a result, our scheme divides the target region into different layers and the whole deployment process is simplified. Simulation experiments turn out that our scheme has a good performance in network sensing coverage and connectivity, also it outperforms random and optimal node deployment in the network lifetime.
The effect of deposition parameters on performance of VME-FPC (2002)

In order to develop a multi layer photoconductive material based on CdSe with high light sensitivity for use in vacuum microelectronics flat panel camera tube (VME-FPC), a multiple sources thermal evaporated equipment with the accurate control of evaporation rate, thickness of thin film, and substrate temperature for the CdSe material has been designed and re-installed, meanwhile a new annealed technology composed of the vacuum heat pre-treatment (VBPT) and the non vacuum heat after treatment (NHAI) has been developed. The development in these two respects, along with other technologies, bring about a new multi layer CdSe photoconductive target with remarkable performance. A more dramatic result appeared: the sensitivity of our multi layer CdSe photoconductive target has been increased by two orders of magnitude while its resolution has been kept constant. This paper will mainly focus on reporting the achievements on evaporation technology, and some experimental results related to the effect of deposition parameter on performance of VME-FPC.
Tomographic Reconstruction and Alignment Using Matrix Norm Minimization (2015)

Cryo electron tomography is the only imaging modality that can capture individual cellular structures in situ at nanometer resolution. By using subtomogram averaging, a technique for simultaneous alignment and clustering, high-resolution reconstructions of macromolecules can often be achieved. Two main challenges of subtomogram averaging are a low SNR and missing frequency components that can lead to distortions in random directions in the reconstructed macromolecules. To cope with these challenges, we explore formulating the subtomogram averaging problem as a low-rank matrix recovery problem subject to constraints on the misfit to the Radon measurements. The rank minimization problem is relaxed to a nuclear-norm minimization problem that simultaneously reconstructs the three-dimensional structures and recovers the alignment parameters. The resulting reconstructions using small synthetic 32 × 32 × 32 data sets are denoised and refined versions of the target structures which are clustered very accurately. However, due to the increased computational complexity, the method is currently not able to align larger data sets.
Antibiotic therapy is associated with worse outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib (2021)

Background Antibiotic treatment (ABT) affects the outcome of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy, possibly by altering the gut microbiome. We investigated the impact of ABT on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib.
Normal colon epithelium: a dataset for the analysis of gene expression and alternative splicing events in colon disease (2010)

The findings from this study represent the first comprehensive expression profile for non-neoplastic colonic epithelial cells reported. Our analysis of splice variants illustrate that this is a very labor intensive procedure, requiring vigilant examination of the data. It is projected that the contribution of this set of data derived from pure colonic epithelial cells will enhance studies in colon-related disease and offer a vital baseline for studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of alternative splicing.
(Invited) Isolation and Structure Determination of Trifluoromethylated Gadoliniummetallofullerenes (2020)

Endohedral metallofullerenes have been extensively studied since the first experimental observation of La@C 60 in a laser-vaporized supersonic beam in 1985. However, most of these studies have focused on metallofullerenes larger than C 60 such as Ln@C 82 (Ln: lanthanide). There are few examples for isolation of small-cage (C 60 , C 70 , C 72 , and C 74 ) lanthanide metallofullerenes because of their extremely high chemical reactivity. Recently, we developed an in situ trifluoromethylation method for the extraction and purification of these missing metallofullerenes [1−3]. Here we report the isolation and structure determination of trifluoromethylated gadolinium metallofullerenes (Gd@C 60 (CF 3 ) 3 , Gd@C 60 (CF 3 ) 5 , Gd@C 70 (CF 3 ) 3 , Gd@C 74 (CF 3 ), and Gd@C 74 (CF 3 ) 3 ). Gd-metallofullerenes are promising as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The fully enclosing carbon cage completely prevents leaching of the Gd atoms, resulting in lower toxicity than commercially available metal chelate reagents such as Gd-DTPA. Trifluoromethylated Gd-metallofullerenes were synthesized by the modified arc-discharge method. PTFE rods are placed near the discharge area as CF 3 source. During arc discharge, PTFE was decomposed and evaporated to produce CF 3 radicals. Gd-metallofullerenes and empty fullerenes were extracted from the raw soot with o -xylene. Rapid separation of Gd-metallofullerenes from empty fullerenes was carried out by the TiCl 4 Lewis acid method. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification was conducted for isolation of trifluoromethylated Gd-metallofullerenes. Single crystals of trifluoromethylated Gd-metallofullerenes were obtained from solution. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for structure determination were collected at SPring-8 large synchrotron radiation facility. Figures show the molecular structures of Gd@C 74 (CF 3 ) (I), Gd@C 74 (CF 3 ) (II), and Gd@C 74 (CF 3 ) 3 derived from the X-ray crystal structure analysis. The closed-shell molecular structures are theoretically stable and have wide HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. [1] Z. Wang et al . Angew. Chem. Int . Ed. 55 , 199 (2016). [2] A. Nakagawa et al . Nature. Commun. 9 , 3073 (2018). [3] A. Nakagawa et al . R. Soc. Open Sci. 5 , 181015 (2018). Figure 1
Generation of Active Sites for CO Photooxidation on TiO2by Platinum Deposition (2003)

Photocatalytic oxidation of CO to CO2 was carried out with TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 catalysts at room temperature to investigate the effect of Pt deposition. The rate for CO photooxidation by Pt/TiO2 was higher than that by TiO2. The reaction rate increased with incident light intensity to the power of 0.7 for Pt/TiO2 and 0.5 for TiO2. The dependency of reaction rate on the concentration of CO and water vapor was explained in terms of Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism, where CO was more efficiently adsorbed on Pt sites compared with TiO2. On the basis of diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopic studies and CO photodesorption measurements, Pt on TiO2 acted as the active sites on which CO was chemically adsorbed and oxidized to CO2 on photoirradiation in the presence of O2.
A New Non-Intrusive Optical Technique to Measure Transparent Liquid Level and Volume (2010)

We report here a novel optical technique for the continuous measurement of the level and the volume of transparent liquids in a cylindrical container. This measurement technique is based on the principle of liquid level induced modulation in the solid angle of a divergent light beam incident on liquid surface. This technique has advantages of being a very sensitive and non-intrusive way of measurement. The proposed technique has been experimentally tested with clean water, colored water, diluted glycerin, and pure glycerin by using liquid containers having 100-, 250-, and 500-mL capacity. Measurement results provide the highest sensitivity in the case of a container having smallest diameter. The proposed system is capable of measuring the liquid level and volume with approximate resolutions down to 3.2 μm and 6.2 μL, respectively, in the case of a 100-mL container. The sensitivity is found to decrease with the increasing diameter of the container as well as with the decreasing optical transparency of the liquids, but increase with the increasing refractive indices of transparent liquids. And this technique has an appreciably larger dynamic range of measurement, good linearity, and repeatability in the measurement responses.
Multiscale Blind Image Restoration With A New Method (2008)

A new method, based on the normal shrink and modified version of Katssagelous and Lay, is proposed for multiscale blind image restoration. The method deals with the noise and blur in the images. It is shown that the normal shrink gives the highest S/N (signal to noise ratio) for image denoising process. The multiscale blind image restoration is divided in two sections. The first part of this paper proposes normal shrink for image denoising and the second part of paper proposes modified version of katssagelous and Lay for blur estimation and the combination of both methods to reach a multiscale blind image restoration.
Cholesterol-regulated Translocation of NPC1L1 to the Cell Surface Facilitates Free Cholesterol Uptake (2005)

Although NPC1L1 is required for intestinal cholesterol absorption, data demonstrating mechanisms by which this protein facilitates the process are few. In this study, a hepatoma cell line stably expressing human NPC1L1 was established, and cholesterol uptake was studied. A relationship between NPC1L1 intracellular trafficking and cholesterol uptake was apparent. At steady state, NPC1L1 proteins localized predominantly to the transferrin-positive endocytic recycling compartment, where free cholesterol also accumulated as revealed by filipin staining. Interestingly, acute cholesterol depletion induced with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin stimulated relocation of NPC1L1 to the plasma membrane, preferentially to a newly formed "apical-like" subdomain. This translocation was associated with a remarkable increase in cellular cholesterol uptake, which in turn was dose-dependently inhibited by ezetimibe, a novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor that specifically binds to NPC1L1. These findings define a cholesterol-regulated endocytic recycling of NPC1L1 as a novel mechanism regulating cellular cholesterol uptake.
Effect of fly ash on the physico-chemical properties (1991)

The inorganic constituents in flay ash such as Ca, Mg, Al and Si were extracted by water and 0.5N-Acetic acid, and changes of the physical properties of the fly ash-treated soils were examined to find out the effect of fly ash on the chemical and physical properties of the soils. The dominant day minerals of fly ash were quartz and mullite. More inorganic constituents were extracted from the fly ash by acetic acid than by water. Si and A1 in fly ash were hardly extracted by water. Addition of fly ash to soil below 10%(W/W) caused improvement in the water permeability and the field moisture capacity of the soil, but did not influence the shrinkage and hardness of the soil. Therefore, it was apparent that the effect of the fly ash on the chemical and physical properties of the soils greatly dependedon soil reaction, the organic acid contents, and the amount of fly ash used in treatment.