gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decrease in antithrombin III and prothrombin serum levels contribute to coagulation disorders during leptospirosis (2016)

Pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira are the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emergent infectious disease that affects humans and animals worldwide. Severe forms of the disease in humans include jaundice, multiple organ failure and intense haemorrhage. Up to now, mechanisms associated with the haemorrhage foci are poorly understood. We report in this work that, despite the low levels of antithrombin III in convalescent human serum samples, virulent, culture-attenuated and saprophyte strains of Leptospira are unable to bind and/or degrade this thrombin inhibitor, suggesting an indirect mechanism of pathogenesis. Lower levels of prothrombin were found in serum samples at the onset and convalescent phase of the disease when compared to normal human sera. The concomitant decreased levels of antithrombin III and prothrombin suggest a process of stimulated coagulation, which is corroborated by the increase of prothrombin fragment F1+2 in the serum samples. Data obtained with hamsters experimentally infected with virulent Leptospira interrogans serovars Kennewicki and Canicola strongly point out that haemorrhage is correlated with decreased levels of thrombin inhibitors and prothrombin. Activated coagulation might lead to an overconsumption of coagulation factors ultimately leading to bleeding and organ failure.
A breakthrough therapy for dentin hypersensitivity: how dental products containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate work to deliver effective relief of sensitive teeth. (2009)

A breakthrough technology based upon arginine and calcium carbonate provides clinically proven benefits with respect to rapid and lasting relief of dentin hypersensitivity. It is unique in that two of its key components, arginine and calcium, are found naturally in saliva, and that the arginine and calcium carbonate work together to accelerate the natural mechanisms of occlusion to deposit a dentin-like mineral, containing calcium and phosphate, within the dentin tubules and in a protective layer on the dentin surface.
Isolation and characterization of metallic wear debris from a dynamic intervertebral disc prosthesis (1994)

A dynamic intervertebral disc prosthesis (DIDP) has been developed. It consists of a CoCrMo body and uses Ti6Al4V springs to replicate the mechanical function of the lumbar joint. Wear studies have been performed previously on the DIDP using two specialized simulators to test the wear properties of the moving parts of the disc prosthesis. A pin-in-slot simulator generates wear that would occur in the hinge-pin assembly of the prosthesis. A spring-in-pocket simulator approximates the conditions under which the springs would wear against the body of the prosthesis. The spring-pocket interface is responsible for the production of approximately 90% of the total wear occurring in the prosthesis, and is therefore the main focus of this study. Bovine serum with a preservative has been used as a lubricant in both simulators. The spring-in-pocket simulator compares the effects of two different manufacturing techniques of CoCrMo (HIPing and forging) on their wear characteristics against Ti6Al4V springs. Debris from the spring-in-pocket simulator has been isolated from the serum lubricant and characterized using scanning electron microscopy techniques. The morphology of the Ti6Al4V fragments is rough and irregularly shaped. The size of these fragments ranges from < 1 microns to > 30 microns. The forged CoCrMo alloy debris has an irregular polyhedral shape, with sizes in the same range as the spring fragments. The morphology of the HIPed CoCrMo debris is spherical with a size range < 5 microns to > 30 microns. Length and width measurements of micron-size particles were made with the particle measurements feature of the scanning electron microscope. Micron-size particles were found in all stations. This article provides a unique way to isolate and analyze debris from serum lubricants used in simulators.
Investigation of the 3D Printability of Covalently Cross-Linked Polypeptide-Based Hydrogels (2022)

The 3D printability of poly(l-lysine-<i>ran</i>-l-alanine) and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (P(KA)/4-PEG) hydrogels as 3D biomaterial inks was investigated using two approaches to develop P(KA)/4-PEG into 3D biomaterial inks. Only the "composite microgel" inks were 3D printable. In this approach, P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels were processed into microparticles and incorporated into a polymer solution to produce a composite microgel paste. Polymer solutions composed of either 4-arm PEG-acrylate (4-PEG-Ac), chitosan (CS), or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used as the matrix material for the composite paste. The three respective composite microgel inks displayed good 3D printability in terms of extrudability, layer-stacking ability, solidification mechanism, and 3D print fidelity. The biocompatibility of P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels was retained in the 3D printed scaffolds, and the biofunctionality of bioinert 4-PEG and PVA hydrogels was enhanced. CS-P(KA)/4-PEG inks demonstrated excellent 3D printability and proved highly successful in printing scaffolds with a narrow strand diameter (∼200 μm) and narrow strand spacing (∼500 μm) while the integrity of the vertical and horizontal pores was maintained. Using different needle IDs and strand spacing, certain physical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned, while the 3D printed porosity was kept constant. This included the surface area to volume ratio, the macropore sizes, and the mechanical properties. The scaffolds demonstrated adequate adhesion and spreading of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts seeded on the scaffold surfaces for 4 days. Consequently, the scaffolds were considered suitable for potential applications in wound healing, as well as other soft tissue engineering applications. Apart from the contribution to new 3D biomaterial inks, this work also presented a new and facile method of processing covalently cross-linked hydrogels into 3D printed scaffolds. This could potentially "unlock" the 3D printability of biofunctional hydrogels, which are generally excluded from 3D printing applications.
Productivity of some sunflower hybrids grown on newly reclaimed sandy soils, as affected by irrigation regime and fertilization (2005)

Productivity of sunflower hybrids under surface (flooding), dripping and sprinkler irrigation systems was studied in 1999 and 2000 summer seasons at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University Ismailia, Egypt, on sandy soil. Under surface as well as under drip systems three irrigation regimes (high, medium, and low according to the amount of water supplied to the crop throughout the seasons) and 4 fertilization treatments, namely 45 N+15.5 P2O5 + 25 K2O or 90N + 31P2O5+50 K2O/fad. (fad.=4200 m2), without or with biofertilization+micronutrients foliar application, were studied. Under sprinkler system, one irrigation regime and the four fertilization treatments was studied. In the 1999 season, two hybrids (XF4731 and Euroflour) were tested under surface and drip irrigation systems while under sprinkler system the tested hybrids were XF4731 and Vidoc. In the 2000 season, the studied hybrids were Euroflour and Hightec under the three systems. Over irrigation regimes and fertilization treatments in the 1999 season, XF4731 had a significantly higher seed yield/fad. than Euroflour. XF4731 attained 953, 973 and 471 kg/fad. under surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. In the 2000 season, Hightec significantly outyielded Euroflour in two systems. The reverse was true under drip irrigation, as Euroflour produced a significantly higher seed yield/fad. than Hightec (523 kg). The water use efficiency (WUE - kg seeds/m3 water) of the hybrids as well as their oil yield (kg/fad) showed nearly the same trend of seed yield/fad. Meanwhile, Euroflour recorded the highest seed oil percentages under the different systems and regimes of irrigation. The studied high irrigation regimes under surface irrigation (6228-4796 m3 water/fad) and under dripping system (2690-2549 m3 water/fad) and application of high rates of NPK only under drip system or combined with biofertilization+micronutrients foliar under surface and sprinkler systems are recommended for sunflower growing on the newly reclaimed sandy soil in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.
Essential role for the histone acetyltransferase KAT7 in T cell development, fitness, and survival (2016)

Histone acetylation has an important role in gene regulation, DNA replication, and repair. Because these processes are central to the development of the immune system, we investigated the role of a previously unstudied histone acetyltransferase named KAT7 (also known as Myst2 or HBO1) in the regulation of thymopoiesis and observed a critical role in the regulation of conventional and innate-like T cell development. We found that KAT7-deficient thymocytes displayed normal, positive selection and development into mature single-positive αβ thymocytes; however, we observed few peripheral CD4<sup>+</sup> or CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. The observed effects did not appear to arise from alterations to DNA replication, the TCR repertoire, or a block in thymocyte maturation and, more likely, was linked to survival defects related to gene deregulation because KAT7 deficiency led to an almost complete and specific loss of global histone-H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac). Overall, we demonstrated a nonredundant role for KAT7 in the maintenance of H3K14ac, which is intimately linked with the ability to develop a normal immune system.
Inter-domain router placement and traffic engineering (2003)

The Internet is organized as an interconnection of separate administrative domains called autonomous systems (ASs). The border gateway protocol (BGP) is the de facto standard for controlling the routing of traffic across different ASs. It supports scalable distribution of reachability and routing policy information among different ASs. In this paper, we study a network design problem which determines (1) the optimal placement of border router(s) within a domain and (2) the corresponding inter- and intra-domain traffic patterns within an AS. Practical constraints imposed by BGP and other standard shortest-path-based intra-domain routing protocols are considered. The problem is formulated as a variant of the uncapacitated network design problem (UNDP). While it is feasible to use a brute-force, integer-programming-based approach for tackling small instances of this problem, we have resorted to a dual-ascent approximation approach for mid/large-scale instances. The quality of the approximation approach is evaluated in terms of its computational efficiency and network cost sub-optimality. Sensitivity analysis w.r.t. various network/traffic parameters are also conducted. We then describe how one can apply our optimization results to better configure BGP as well as other intra-domain routing protocols. This serves as a first-step towards the auto-configuration of Internet routing protocols, BGP in particular, which is "well-known" for its tedious and error-prone configuration needs.
Abstract 20967: Outcomes and Prevalence of Migraines in Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissections: A Cohort Study (2017)

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a nonatherosclerotic cause of myocardial infarction (MI) occurring most often in young women without cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. SCAD is associated with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), pregnant/postpartum state, and extreme mental stress or physical exertion. Migraine headaches have been reported common in SCAD and may increase CVD risk. The objective was to assess differences in presentation, clinical factors, and outcomes in SCAD patients with migraines (M-SCAD) compared to those without, and determine M-SCAD prevalence. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observation study of patients with angiographically confirmed SCAD was conducted using the Mayo Clinic SCAD Registry. Participant-provided data and records were reviewed for migraine history, CVD risk factors, SCAD details, CVD and migraine therapies, and outcomes. Ordinal and nominal variables were compared using Pearson's chi squared test, and continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Among 586 patients with complete questionnaires, 236 had a history of migraines; the lifetime and 1-year prevalence of migraines were 40% and 27% respectively. Migraines are more common in SCAD survivors than a comparable population (40% vs 33%, p=0.0002). M-SCAD patients were more likely to be female (99.6% vs 94%, p=0.001), have SCAD at a younger age (45.3 yrs. vs 47.6 yrs., p=0.004), and report a history of aneurysms (7.6% vs 1.7%, p=0.0004), 46% of which occurred in head or neck vessels. There was a trend toward increased head and neck FMD in M-SCAD (32% vs 23%, p=0.095). Prevalence of depression (27% vs 17%, p=0.005), anxiety (32% vs 24%, p=0.038), recurrent angina (62% vs 44%, p=&lt;0.001) and concern for recurrent SCAD (46% vs 37%, p=0.034) were higher in M-SCAD. Triptans were stopped in 39% of migraineurs at the time of MI. Conclusion: As compared to SCAD survivors without migraines, those with M-SCAD are younger, more often report a history of depression, anxiety, and aneurysms, and have more chest pain after SCAD. Further investigation into this association and development of safe, effective treatments of both headache and angina after SCAD is needed.
Photodynamics of polyenes: The effect of electron correlation on potential surfaces (1980)

Ground and excited state potential surfaces for polyenes are calculated by a method that uses an empirical force for sigma electrons and a modified Pariser–Parr–Pople model with configuration interaction through double excitations for the π-electrons. The effects of electron correlation on the energies, equilibrium geometries, and vibrational frequencies for the ground state and the two lowest excited states (2 1Ag−, 1 1Bu+) of butadiene, hexatriene, and octatetraene are studied and compared with the available experimental data. An analysis of the normal modes of vibration provides an understanding of some of the trends as a func- tion of chain length. The model is used also to examine the ground-state tortional potential in which electron correlation plays an important role.
Lexicon Learning for Few Shot Sequence Modeling (2021)

Ekin Akyurek, Jacob Andreas. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2021.
A Novel Domain-Specific Language for Tailoring of the CESAR RTP (2011)

Safety-critical embedded systems are increasingly complex. To address the problems imposed by the development of these systems the CESAR project has been launched. One of the main goals of this project is the establishment of a Reference Technology Platform (RTP) for embedded system development. This RTP is a set of modules that can be combined in order to form integrated tool chains (RTP instances). Once installed, a RTP instance can be used to seamlessly and collaboratively develop an embedded system following a particular development process. However, facing the complexity of nowadays development processes and the multitude of available modules of the RTP, the definition of a RTP instance is a complicated task. Therefore a methodology is needed that allows to systematically define a RTP instance based on the relevant development process and the available modules of the RTP. In this work we present such a methodology. In our approach a novel domain-specific language is used that supplements existing process description languages. This domain-specific language is capable of describing the RTP and RTP instances allowing traceability between development process, RTP and RTP instance. Given a model of the development process that shall be applied and a model of the RTP, a RTP instance can be systematically tailored. We illustrate the applicability of this approach using the early version 0.5 of the RTP, a V-model of a development process and a model of a RTP instance for the automotive domain.
ChemInform Abstract: PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLRHODIUM AND ‐IRIDIUM COMPLEXES. PART 32. REACTIONS S OF TRI‐μ‐HYDROXO COMPLEXES WITH ANILINE AND ALIPHATIC AMINES (1982)

Abstract Die Komplexe (I) reagieren mit Anilin zu den u‐Anilido‐Komplexen (II), deren IR‐ und 1 H‐ sowie 13 C‐ NMR‐spektroskopische Charakterisierung ergibt, daß der Anilidoligand starr zwischen den Metallatomen sitzt und keine Rotation um die C‐N‐Bindung existiert.
Phasic Burst Stimulation: A Closed-Loop Approach to Tuning Deep Brain Stimulation Parameters for Parkinson’s Disease (2016)

We propose a novel, closed-loop approach to tuning deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). The approach, termed Phasic Burst Stimulation (PhaBS), applies a burst of stimulus pulses over a range of phases predicted to disrupt pathological oscillations seen in PD. Stimulation parameters are optimized based on phase response curves (PRCs), which would be measured from each patient. This approach is tested in a computational model of PD with an emergent population oscillation. We show that the stimulus phase can be optimized using the PRC, and that PhaBS is more effective at suppressing the pathological oscillation than a single phasic stimulus pulse. PhaBS provides a closed-loop approach to DBS that can be optimized for each patient.
A Game-Theoretic Model for Medium Access Control (2007)

In this paper, a game-theoretic model for contention based medium access control (contention control) is proposed. We define a general game-theoretic model, called random access game, to capture the distributed nature of contention control and the interaction among wireless nodes with contention-ba
Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment (2015)

Snake bites are life-threatening injuries that can require intensive care. The diagnosis and treatment of venomous snake bites is sometimes difficult for clinicians because sufficient information has not been provided in clinical practice. Here we review the literature to present the proper management of bites by mamushi, habu, and yamakagashi snakes, which widely inhabit Japan and other Asian countries. No definite diagnostic markers or kits are available for clinical practice; therefore, definitive diagnosis of snake-venom poisoning requires positive identification of the snake and observation of the clinical manifestations of envenomation. Mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) bites cause swelling and pain that spreads gradually from the bite site. The platelet count gradually decreases due to the platelet aggregation activity of the venom and can decrease to <100,000/mm(3). If the venom gets directly injected into the blood vessel, the platelet count rapidly decreases to <10,000/mm(3) within 1 h after the bite. Habu (Protobothrops flavoviridis) bites result in swelling within 30 min. Severe cases manifest not only local signs but also general symptoms such as vomiting, cyanosis, loss of consciousness, and hypotension. Yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus) bites induce life-threatening hemorrhagic symptoms and severe disseminated intravascular coagulation with a fibrinolytic phenotype, resulting in hypofibrinogenemia and increased levels of fibrinogen degradation products. Previously recommended first-aid measures such as tourniquets, incision, and suction are strongly discouraged. Once airway, breathing, and circulation have been established, a rapid, detailed history should be obtained. If a snake bite is suspected, hospital admission should be considered for further follow-up. All venomous snake bites can be effectively treated with antivenom. Side effects of antivenom should be prevented by sufficient preparation. Approved antivenoms for mamushi and habu are available. Yamakagashi antivenom is used as an off-label drug in Japan, requiring clinicians to join a clinical research group for its use in clinical practice.
A study of shock-resistance design of suspension subjected to impulsive excitation (2002)

The transient response of head/disk interface in a non-operating hard disk drive is investigated theoretically, subjected to a half-sine shock pulse in the axial directions. The equations of motion are driven by Hamilton's principle. To get the solution, the assumed mode approximation is used and then the Galerkin method is applied. Numerical results are obtained using the Runge-Kutta method. The purpose of this analytical model is to try to quantitatively describe the dynamics of the head/disk system. The results are in good agreement with those of FE simulations and experiments. It is found that the head slap is caused not by disk shock response but by suspension dynamic behavior dominantly, where the head is on parking zone. Parametric study of suspension design is made to find out the optimal value for increasing the shock resistance of a disk drive.
Blood loss and use of blood in internal mammary artery and saphenous vein bypass grafting with and without adding a single, low-dose of aprotinin (2 million units) to the pump prime. (1992)

In comparison with saphenous vein bypass grafting (SVG) without a pleurotomy, internal mammary artery (IMA) bypass surgery might enhance more blood loss by the intrathoracic wound and a wide opened pleura. Low-dose aprotinin (Trasylol) reduces blood loss and consequently, the use of homologous blood. We studied the blood loss and blood requirements peri-operatively in 70 patients, who underwent either SVG-(n = 35) or IMA-surgery (n = 35) without aprotinin and another 70 patients who underwent SVG- (n = 35) or IMA-surgery (n = 35) with a single dose of aprotinin, added to the pump prime. We also determined the hemoglobin and total protein content of the shed blood. Without aprotinin administration, the mean intra-operative and post-operative blood loss was significantly less (p < 0.01) in SVG-patients, than in IMA-patients. We observed no statistical differences in the mean blood requirements between SVG- and IMA-surgery (1.2 units and 1.6 units). The use of any homologous blood product was similarly averted in 39% of the SVG-patients, and in 48% of the IMA-patients. Treatment with aprotinin significantly lessened (p < 0.01) the mean intra-operative blood loss only in IMA-patients. Post-operative blood loss was diminished with 45% in IMA-patients and 33% in SVG-patients, being significantly less (p < 0.01) after SVG, than after IMA-surgery. Blood requirements were significantly lowered (p < 0.01): a total mean of 0.2 units in SVG- and 0.6 units in IMA-patients (NS). Any homologous blood product was prevented in 78% of the IMA-patients and in 87% of the SVG-patients (NS). The mean loss of hemoglobin and total protein per 100 ml of shed blood was similar in IMA-, and SVG-patients with or without aprotinin, although aprotinin diminished the total amounts in both groups with 50% (p < 0.01).