gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Tension Flows inside Surfactant-Added Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microstructures with Velocity-Dependent Contact Angles (2014)

Filling of liquid samples is realized in a microfluidic device with applications including analytical systems, biomedical devices, and systems for fundamental research. The filling of a disk-shaped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchamber by liquid is analyzed with reference to microstructures with inlets and outlets. The microstructures are fabricated using a PDMS molding process with an SU-8 mold. During the filling, the motion of the gas-liquid interface is determined by the competition among inertia, adhesion, and surface tension. A single ramp model with velocity-dependent contact angles is implemented for the accurate calculation of surface tension forces in a three-dimensional volume-of-fluid based model. The effects of the parameters of this functional form are investigated. The influences of non-dimensional parameters, such as the Reynolds number and the Weber number, both determined by the inlet velocity, on the flow characteristics are also examined. An oxygen-plasma-treated PDMS substrate is utilized, and the microstructure is modified to be hydrophilic. Flow experiments are conducted into both hydrophilic and hydrophobic PDMS microstructures. Under a hydrophobic wall condition, numerical simulations with imposed boundary conditions of static and dynamic contact angles can successfully predict the moving of the meniscus compared with experimental measurements. However, for a hydrophilic wall, accurate agreement between numerical and experimental results is obvious as the dynamic contact angles were implemented.
Selection of Aspergillus flavus isolates for biological control of aflatoxins in corn (2011)

The fungus Aspergillus flavus is responsible for producing carcinogenic mycotoxins, the aflatoxins, on corn (maize) and other crops. An additional harmful toxin, cyclopiazonic acid, is produced by some isolates of A. flavus. Several A. flavus strains that do not produce one or both of these mycotoxins are being used in biological control to competitively exclude the toxin-producing strains from the agroecosystem, particularly from seeds, grain and other marketable commodities. Three well-studied non-aflatoxigenic strains, including two that are commercially available, have been compared in side-by-side field trials. The results of that study, together with a growing understanding of A. flavus ecology and new genetic insights, are guiding the selection of biocontrol strains and influencing crop management decisions for safe and sustainable production.
Iterative reconstruction of the ultrasound attenuation coefficient from the backscattered radio-frequency signal (2014)

Accurate estimation of the local acoustic attenuation based on the backscatter signal has several applications, e.g. ultrasound tissue characterization. Most of the existing techniques determine the attenuation coefficient of the tissue directly from the spectrum of the backscattered signal. In these approaches other effects, such as diffraction, that may influence the attenuation estimation should be corrected for. This correction may be impractical in vivo. In the present study the simulation of ultrasound wave propagation was used for the estimation of the attenuation characteristics. Indeed, the local attenuation coefficient was estimated by iteratively solving the forward wave propagation problem and matching the synthetic backscattered signal to the measured one. The proposed methodology was experimentally validated using tissue-mimicking phantoms with different attenuation characteristics showing promising results.
Modulation of Angiogenesis during Adipose Tissue Development in Murine Models of Obesity (2005)

Development of vasculature and mRNA expression of 17 pro- or antiangiogenic factors were studied during adipose tissue development in nutritionally induced or genetically determined murine obesity models. Subcutaneous (SC) and gonadal (GON) fat pads were harvested from male C57Bl/6 mice kept on standard chow [standard fat diet (SFD)] or on high-fat diet for 0-15 wk and from male ob/ob mice kept on SFD. Ob/ob mice and C57Bl/6 mice on high-fat diet had significantly larger SC and GON fat pads, accompanied by significantly higher blood content, increased total blood vessel volume, and higher number of proliferating cells. mRNA and protein levels of angiopoietin (Ang)-1 were down-regulated, whereas those of thrombospondin-1 were up-regulated in developing adipose tissue in both obesity models. Ang-1 mRNA levels correlated negatively with adipose tissue weight in the early phase of nutritionally induced obesity as well as in genetically determined obesity. Placental growth factor and Ang-2 expression were increased in SC adipose tissue of ob/ob mice, and thrombospondin-2 was increased in both their SC and GON fat pads. mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A isoforms VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF receptor-1, -2, and -3, and neuropilin-1 were not markedly modulated by obesity. This modulation of angiogenic factors during development of adipose tissue supports their important functional role in obesity.
Customized MethylC-Capture Sequencing to Evaluate Variation in the Human Sperm DNA Methylome Representative of Altered Folate Metabolism (2019)

Our sperm panel allowed the discovery of differential methylation following conditions affecting folate metabolism in novel dynamic sperm CpGs. Improved ability to examine variation in sperm DNA methylation can facilitate comprehensive studies of environment-epigenome interactions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4812.
Age-Related Changes in Susceptibility of Mice to Low-Virulent Mouse Hepatitis Virus(MHV-2-CC) Infection. (1997)

This study was performed to examine mouse age-dependent changes in susceptibility to MHV-2-CC-infection and participation of macrophages in such changes in BALB/c mice. One-week-old mice were fully susceptible (mortality, 100%), 2-week-old semi-susceptible (36%), and 3- and 4-week-old fully resistant (0%) to MHV-2-CC, respectively. Such age-dependent differences corresponded well with the differences in the virus titers in the liver, spleen and blood and in the severity of liver lesions. In 1-week-old mice with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) transferred from 4-week-old mice and infected with MHV-2-CC, a slight prolongation of survival time was recorded, although there was no difference in mortality. In 3-week-old mice infected with MHV-2-CC after silica-treatment to suppress macrophages, there was no significant change in susceptibility. In macrophages infected with MHV-2-CC in vitro, the virus replicated better in macrophages obtained from younger mice. These results suggest that macrophages may play a small role in the age-related development of resistance to MHV-2-CC infection in BALB/c mice.
Base station antenna near-field radiation pattern distortion analysis (2003)

When estimating the potential radiation hazard of a base station antenna system, one often relies on the antenna far-field radiation pattern, while the estimation often refers to the antenna near-field zone. It is widely accepted that this leads to overestimation of the field amplitudes. Some recent works suggest the use of modified analytical models to avoid the overestimation problem. However, all of these references refer only to a single antenna in the free space. This work shows that potential near-field radiation pattern distortion due to conductive objects in the close proximity of the antenna (like in multiple- antenna configuration) makes many models inapplicable. In that case, in the directions outside the mainlobe of the antenna, sidelobes are shifted and changed in an unpredictable manner. The nulls are either shifted, or filled so they do not really exist. The mainlobe itself can get an additional gain of a few dB in unpredictable directions. This suggests that even the use of the far-field pattern can sometimes lead to underestimation of the field. Considering that many real antennas have some conductive object nearby, especially in multiple antenna configurations, this work suggests that for truly conservative, worst-case electromagnetic field estimation, far-field pattern should be used for the mainlobe, with the uncertainty of a few dB. For all other directions, the protective envelope should be used as the radiation pattern, with the gain in all directions equal to the highest sidelobe gain. No nulls should be considered to exist in the near field radiation pattern.
An Effective Program to Resolve Ambiguous Results from State Newborn Hemoglobinopathy Screening. (2004)

Abstract Newborn screening (NBS) for hemoglobinopathies is an important mechanism for identification of affected individuals so that prophylactic treatment and comprehensive care are delivered before life-threatening complications occur. Whilst more common Hb variants, such as Hb S and Hb C, are readily identified, many children with other potentially significant Hb variants never have a conclusive diagnosis made by state newborn screening programs. In conjunction with the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center (NNSGRC), we investigated whether unconfirmed or ambiguous samples could be rapidly diagnosed and reported, using only a portion of the original dried blood spot (DBS) specimen. State NBS programs were approached about sending DBS samples from newborns with ambiguous Hb results for further testing. Using a single 6 mm hole punch from the original DBS, the primary screening results were first confirmed with HPLC, IEF and citrate agar electrophoresis. With the same sample, genotyping for Hb S, C, E, Knossos, D-LA, and O-Arab, and &gt; 95% of the most common β-thalassemia mutations, was performed using a novel linear array platform. Samples revealing Bart’s Hb were tested for common deletional and non-deletional α-thalassemia mutations using gap-PCR or DNA sequencing. The test results, along with a clinical interpretation, were reported back to the NBS programs within 2 weeks. During a one-year period (08/03–08/04), a total of 309 newborn samples from 30 participating states were received for definitive diagnostic testing. Of these, 115 (37%) revealed a clinically significant genotype. Specifically, 102 newborns had sickle cell disease (55 HbSS, 27 HbSC, 16 HbS/β-thal, 3 HbSE, 1 HbS/O-Arab); 6 newborns had β-thalassemia (2 β0-thal, 4 E/β-thal); and 7 had α-thalassemia (5 HbH, 1 HbH-CS, 2 α-triplication). Compound heterozygosity for 2 Hb variants was found in 15 cases and interpreted as clinically insignificant. Another 14 samples revealed a clinically benign HbEE genotype. A Hb variant trait was identified in 124 samples and 41 samples had a normal Hb genotype. This NNSGRC-sponsored pilot study demonstrates that a centralized referral laboratory providing definitive diagnostic testing for hemoglobinopathies is not only feasible, but a much needed resource for many state newborn screening programs. Using rapid and efficient molecular methods, our laboratory identified a clinically significant sickling of thalassemic disorder in 37% of previously unconfirmed newborn samples. Based on these results, the implementation of a referral laboratory to provide prompt definitive diagnosis of clinically relevant hemoglobin variants would be an invaluable extension of existing newborn screening programs.
Preventive effect of mesenchymal stem cell culture supernatant on luminal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection in the rectum of pigs (2018)

Luminal stricture after ESD developed only in the rectum because of the difference in myofibroblast activation and fiber accumulation. In addition, MSC-CS enema prevented luminal stricture after ESD, possibly by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis.
In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Monepantel (AAD 1566) against Laboratory Models of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections (2011)

Monepantel reveals low or no activities against N. americanus, T. muris, S. ratti and A. suum in vivo, hence does not qualify as drug development candidate for human soil-transmitted helminthiases.
Accelerator system at the Wakasa-wan Energy Research Center (2001)

At Wakasa-wan Energy Research Center, Fukui, Japan, the accelerator system is now under construction. The system consists of a 200 keV ion implanter, a 5 MV Schenckel type tandem accelerator and a 200 MeV proton synchrotron. The ion implanter is for the improvement of the surface of the material. By using the tandem accelerator, we can perform the element analysis, the improvement of the bio-species and ion-implantation into various materials. The tandem accelerator works as an injector for the synchrotron and the synchrotron is for the cancer therapy and also bio and material science.
Design and Implementation of Probabilistic Programming Language Anglican (2016)

Anglican is a probabilistic programming system designed to interoperate with Clojure and other JVM languages. We introduce the programming language Anglican, outline our design choices, and discuss in depth the implementation of the Anglican language and runtime, including macro-based compilation, extended CPS-based evaluation model, and functional representations for probabilistic paradigms, such as a distribution, a random process, and an inference algorithm.
Efficient Design of Subblock Energy-Constrained Codes and Sliding\n Window-Constrained Codes (2020)

The subblock energy-constrained codes (SECCs) and sliding window-constrained\ncodes (SWCCs) have recently attracted attention due to various applications in\ncommuncation systems such as simultaneous energy and information transfer. In a\nSECC, each codewod is divided into smaller non-overlapping windows, called\nsubblocks, and every subblock is constrained to carry sufficient energy. In a\nSWCC, the energy constraint is enforced over every window. In this work, we\nfocus on the binary channel, where sufficient energy is achieved theoretically\nby using relatively high weight codes, and study SECCs and SWCCs under more\ngeneral constraints, namely bounded SECCs and bounded SWCCs. We propose two\nmethods to construct such codes with low redundancy and linear-time complexity,\nbased on Knuth's balancing technique and sequence replacement technique. For\ncertain codes parameters, our methods incur only one redundant bit. We also\nimpose the minimum distance constraint for error correction capability of the\ndesigned codes, which helps to reduce the error propagation during decoding as\nwell.\n
The role of hydrogen-bonding interactions in stabilising trigonal planar copper(I) in Cu(BF4)–pyridazine–nitrile systems † (1999)

Regardless of conditions, reaction of [Cu(NCMe)4][BF4] with pyridazine (pydz) or 3-methylpyridazine (Mepydz) in MeCN or with pydz in PhCN invariably gave tris-bridged dinuclear cations, [{Cu(NCR)}2(µ-diimine)3]2+. Structural analysis, by single crystal X-ray diffraction, of complexes containing [{Cu(NCMe)}2(µ-pydz)3]2+, [{Cu(NCMe)}2(µ-Mepydz)3]2+ and [{Cu(NCPh)}2(µ-pydz)3]2+ confirmed the presence of two tetrahedral copper(I) centres bridged by three pyridazine molecules and terminally co-ordinated by nitriles. This chemistry contrasts with that for 2-cyanoguanidine (cnge), a planar nitrile with considerable hydrogen-bonding potential, which leads to both bis- and tris-bridged dinuclear cations, [{Cu(cnge)}2(µ-pydz)2]2+ and [{Cu(cnge)}2(µ-pydz)3]2+. Whereas the tris-bridged cation is based on four-co-ordinate tetrahedral copper(I), the bis-bridged cation contains three-co-ordinate trigonal planar copper(I). The unique ability of cnge to stabilise co-ordinatively unsaturated copper(I) in the solid state with pydz bridged dications is attributed to the formation of an extended 2-D sheet architecture based on hydrogen-bonding intermolecular interactions. This type of molecular construction, which is common to all copper(I)–cnge three-co-ordinate structures, suggests that the three-co-ordinate geometry is not an intrinsic property of copper(I) systems but a result of the efficient packing of parallel two-dimensional sheets. Treatment of [{Cu(NCMe)}2(µ-diimine)3]2+ with CO led to [{Cu(CO)}2(µ-diimine)3]2+; reaction of [{Cu(cnge)}2(µ-diimine)2]2+ with CO or PPh3 gave [{Cu(cnge)(L)}2(µ-diimine)2]2+ (L = CO or PPh3). Recrystallisation of [{Cu(cnge)(PPh3)}2(µ-diimine)2]2+ yielded a variety of crystalline products including [Cu(pydz)2(PPh3)2][BF4] and [{Cu(PPh3)}2(µ-pydz)3][PF6]2. Structural studies confirmed the former to be a mononuclear cation with four monodentate (two pydz and two Ph3P) ligands and the latter to be a tris(µ-pydz) dinuclear cation with terminal Ph3P molecules. The copper(I) co-ordination geometries in both complexes are tetrahedral, the three-co-ordinate copper(I) geometry of [{Cu(cnge)}2(µ-diimine)2]2+ being lost on treatment with Ph3P. In the absence of structural data, [{Cu(CO)}2(µ-diimine)3]2+ and [{Cu(cnge)(CO)}2(µ-diimine)2]2+ are considered to comprise tris- and bis-(µ-diimine) dinuclear cations based on tetrahedral copper(I) with terminal CO.
The Right to Sight (2000)

(2000). The Right to Sight. Clinical and Experimental Optometry: Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 113-115.
Improving the Temporal Resolution of Tomographic Images Using a PI-Line Based Backprojection Filtration Algorithm (2006)

The fan-beam backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm is unique in that the temporal resolution of a given pixel within a region-of-interest (ROI) image is related directly to the location of the PI-line segment used to reconstruct this pixel. In particular, a pixel within a PI-line segment crossing the edge of the field-of-view (FOV) exhibits a better temporal resolution than a pixel within a PI-line segment crossing the center of the FOV. This unique property of the BPF algorithm can be exploited by acquiring projection data with the object shifted towards the edge of the FOV and then reconstructing an ROI covering the object with the BPF algorithm. This study demonstrates that this technique, termed off-center object positioning, can be used to suppress motion artifacts. A dynamic ball phantom undergoing contractile motion during 80% of its temporal cycle was given six cycle rates ranging from 60 to 120 cycles per minute (cpm). At each cycle rate, projection data were acquired at five different elevations. These elevations, which represented the distance from the bottom of the phantom to isocenter, ranged from 0 to 15 cm. Mean absolute difference MAD, root mean square error RMS, and correlation CORR metrics were applied over the same ROI reconstructed from motion-contaminated and motion-free data. Our results show that quantitative metrics for BPF reconstructions improved with increasing object elevation over a wide range of cycle rates.
Classification and Identification of Photocopying Toners by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS): I. Preliminary Results (1991)

Abstract A diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform technique is described for the analysis of raw photocopying toners and small samples of toner removed from the surface of a photocopied document. The technique gives reproducible results and makes possible differentiation of toner samples obtained from different photocopying machines. In addition, toners may be classified into a number of groups, based on the presence or absence of certain absorption bands in their diffuse reflectance spectra. Preliminary results indicate the feasibility of a database of infrared spectra for the photocopying toners available on the market. Such a database would be a valuable aid to the document examiner in the increasing number of cases involving photocopies.
Influenza A H5N1 Replication Sites in Humans (2005)

Tissue tropism and pathogenesis of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 disease in humans is not well defined. In mammalian experimental models, H5N1 influenza is a disseminated disease. However, limited previous data from human autopsies have not shown evidence of virus dissemination beyond the lung. We investigated a patient with fatal H5N1 influenza. Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in lung, intestine, and spleen tissues, but positive-stranded viral RNA indicating virus replication was confined to the lung and intestine. Viral antigen was detected in pneumocytes by immunohistochemical tests. Tumor necrosis factor-? mRNA was seen in lung tissue. In contrast to disseminated infection documented in other mammals and birds, H5N1 viral replication in humans may be restricted to the lung and intestine, and the major site of H5N1 viral replication in the lung is the pneumocyte.
ACTIVATED PROTEIN C IMPROVES SURVIVAL IN SEVERE SEPSIS PATIENTS WITH ELEVATED TROPONIN. (2007)

Purpose Multiple studies in sepsis have demonstrated that elevated troponin is associated with poor outcome. The elevated troponin in this situation is thought to be secondary to microthrombi. We hypothesized that recombinant human activated protein C (APC) treatment would improve outcomes in patients with severe sepsis who have elevated troponin. Methods Patients with severe sepsis by consensus criteria in a university ICU were divided into a troponin-elevated group (T +ve) and a normal troponin (T −ve) group. Outcome was compared using the Fisher9s exact test. APACHE II and MODS were calculated by standard methodology. Data are mean (± SD). Results We identified 105 patients with severe sepsis and troponin measured of which 48 (46%) patients were in the T +ve group. The two groups were similar in terms of their age (54.4 ± 14.9 vs 54.9 ± 15) and other comorbid conditions. APACHE-II (28 ± 8 vs 25 ± 8) was slightly higher and MODS (11 ± 4 vs 9 ± 3) was significantly higher in the T +ve group. Mortality was 52% (25/48) in the T +ve group and 30% (17/57) in the T −ve group (p = .03). APC treatment of T +ve patients reduced mortality from 72% to 30% (p = .008). Conclusion Patients with severe sepsis who have an elevated troponin have increased mortality. In patients with severe sepsis who have elevated troponin, treatment with APC improves outcome. Troponin may be a simple, readily available marker to identify which patients with severe sepsis will benefit from APC.
Fast computation of the discrete Walsh and Hadamard transforms (1998)

The discrete Walsh and Hadamard transforms are often used in image processing tasks such as image coding, pattern recognition, and sequency filtering. A new discrete Walsh transform (DWT) algorithm is derived in which a modified form of the DWT relation is decomposed into smaller-sized transforms using vectorized quantities. A new sequency-ordered discrete Hadamard transform (DHAT) algorithm is also presented. The proposed approach results in more regular algorithms requiring no independent data swapping and fewer array-index updating and bit-reversal operations. An analysis of the computational complexity and the execution time performance are provided. The results are compared with those of the existing algorithms.
Shape tolerance for robot gripper jaws (2002)

In previous work (2001), we identified a class of robot grippers that can orient and grasp parts using an arrangement of trapezoidal jaw modules. In this paper, we define a parametric tolerance class for the jaws, such that the part alignment is guaranteed for all jaw geometry in the class. This tolerance class is derived based on the analysis of toppling, motion trajectory, and form-closure. We describe the O(n log n) algorithm to compute the parametric tolerance class based on maximal and minimal jaw specifications. We implemented the algorithm and report the results of physical experiments.
Synthesis and Structure of [{(η5‐C5Me5)Ti(NH)}3N], a Titanium Imide Nitride (1989)

The simple reaction of Cp*TiMe3 with ammonia leads to the title compound 1, the first isolated and structurally characterized titanium imide nitride. Such compounds might serve as precursors for the synthesis of thin titanium nitride films. Cp*  C5Me5.