gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-Terminal gp40 Peptide Analogs Inhibit Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: Cell Fusion and Virus Spread (2002)

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), gp160, is synthesized as a protein precursor that when proteolytically cleaved yields two subunits, gp120 and gp41. gp120 is the surface glycoprotein on HIV-1 responsible for binding to CD4, and gp41 is the transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the membrane fusion process. gp41 is divided into the N-terminal fusion peptide, the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2 regions, and the C-terminal transmembrane region, which are collectively responsible for virus fusion and entry into the cell. Synthetic peptides derived from the HR2 and HR1 regions of HIV-1(LAI) have been shown to prevent virus-cell fusion and infection in vitro. In phase II clinical trials in HIV patients, data revealed that T20 has antiviral efficacy and is well tolerated. Similar results were obtained in vitro with HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus, supporting the conservation of the gp41 ectodomain among lentiviruses. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in the cat has been used as a model to develop potential antivirals for HIV. To determine if synthetic gp40 analogs capable of inhibiting FIV infection could be identified, 15 overlapping 35-amino-acid peptides derived from the C-terminal HR2 domain of FIV gp40 were synthesized. These peptides were tested for efficacy against FIV in a syncytium-forming assay with FIV-infected CrFK cells and HeLa cells expressing the FIV receptor CXCR4. Several peptides exhibited activity at the nanogram level. Antiviral activity was confirmed by suppression of reverse transcriptase in a FIV feline CD4(+)-T-cell (FCD4-E) acute-infection assay. These data demonstrate that synthetic peptides derived from the HR2 domain of the FIV gp41 protein are effective inhibitors of FIV infection.
Should we reconsider all-polyethylene tibial implants in total knee replacement? (2006)

The role of modular tibial implants in total knee replacement is not fully defined. We performed a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial using radiostereophotogrammetric analysis to compare the performance of an all-polyethylene tibia with a metal-backed cruciate-retaining condylar design, PFC-Sigma total knee replacement for up to 24 months. There were 51 patients who were randomised into two treatment groups. There were 10 subsequent withdrawals, leaving 21 all-polyethylene and 20 metal-backed tibial implants. No patient was lost to follow-up. There were no significant demographic differences between the groups. At two years one metal-backed implant showed migration > 1 mm, but no polyethylene implant reached this level. There was a significant increase in the SF-12 and Oxford knee scores after operation in both groups. In an uncomplicated primary total knee replacement the all-polyethylene PFC-Sigma tibial prosthesis showed no statistical difference in migration from that of the metal-backed counterpart. There was no difference in the clinical results as assessed by the SF-12, the Oxford knee score, alignment or range of movement at 24 months, although these assessment measures were not statistically powered in this study.
熊彼特之经济发展理论、商业周期理论和民主理论间的缺环——评熊彼特的《发展》 (2005)

本文介绍熊彼特写于1932年的论文《发展》,该文未曾发表而且迄今不为人知。《发展》非同寻常,因为它有助于理解熊彼特著作的统一性及其已知著作中的若干问题,这些问题对于他的经济发展理论是至关重要的。《发展》表明熊彼特将新事物的解释看作是最重要的尚未解决的科学问题:作者怀疑企业家才能的解释价值,并且指出有助于更好地理解社会动力学的理论进步可能即将到来,而社会动力学导致新事物。
Chiral modification of platinum: ab initio study of the effect of hydrogen coadsorption on stability and geometry of adsorbed cinchona alkaloids (2015)

The cinchona alkaloids cinchonidine and cinchonine belong to the most efficient chiral modifiers for the noble metal-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of C=O and C=C bonds. Under reaction conditions these modifiers are coadsorbed on the noble metal surface with hydrogen. Using density functional theory, we studied the effect of coadsorbed hydrogen on the adsorption mode of cinchonidine and cinchonine on a Pt(111) surface at different hydrogen coverages. The theoretical study indicates that the presence of coadsorbed hydrogen affects both the adsorption geometry as well as the stability of the adsorbed cinchona alkaloids. At all hydrogen coverages the cinchona alkaloids are found to be adsorbed via anchoring of the quinoline moiety. In the absence of hydrogen as well as at low hydrogen coverage the quinoline moiety adsorbs nearly parallel to the surface, whereas at higher hydrogen coverage it becomes tilted. Higher hydrogen coverage as well as partial hydrogenation of the quinoline part of the cinchona alkaloid and hydrogen transfer to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond at 10, 11 position of the quinuclidine moiety destabilize the adsorbed cinchona alkaloid, whereas hydrogen transfer to the nitrogen atom of the quinoline and the quinuclidine moiety stabilizes the adsorbed molecule. The stability as well as the adsorption geometry of the cinchona alkaloids are affected by the coadsorbed hydrogen and are proposed to influence the efficiency of the enantiodifferentiating ability of the chirally modified platinum surface.
SkyFlash EC project: Architecture for a 1Mbit S-Flash for space applications (2012)

This work presents an innovative architecture to fabricate a non volatile memory for space applications using a S-Flash memory cell. The design takes into account the different effects of the radiation that could damage the circuits and the memory cell in harsh environments. The memory cell has been developed by TowerJazz Semiconductors to be compatible with the standard 180nm CMOS process. A 1Mbit prototype has been designed using the presented architecture.
Analysis of Tilting Effects and Geometric Non-Uniformities in Micro-Hydrostatic Gas Thrust Bearings (2005)

The MIT microengine rotors are supported by hydrostatic gas journal and hydrostatic gas thrust bearings. Due to the low length-to-diameter ratio of the devices, the thrust bearings play an important role in providing sufficient tilting stiffness to resist any tilting motion about the spinning axis of the rotor. The performance of the thrust bearings can be influenced by geometric nonuniformities such as thrust bearing clearances and orifice diameters and profiles which arise in the process of microfabrication. To enable stable high speed operation of the micro-devices, it is important to quantify these effects. Furthermore, a thrust bearing analysis tool needs to be developed that is able to explore different thrust bearing arrangements and configurations. In this work, an analytical model is established for analyzing the effects of rotor tilt and geometric non-uniformities in micro-hydrostatic gas thrust bearings for application to microturbomachinery. A previously developed model (Teo and Spakovszky [1]) is generalized and extended for application to thrust bearings with orifices arranged in non-axisymmetric configurations. As a consequence of rotor tilt or geometric non-uniformities, the flow through individual orifices of the thrust bearing becomes non-uniform. The orifice flows are in turn coupled to the hydrostatic pressure field in the thrust bearing pad, and a Green’s function approach is adopted to solve the coupled system. The hydrodynamic thrust bearing forces induced by the pumping action of the rotor rotation are determined by solving the Reynolds equation. The model is able to predict thrust bearing tilting stiffness and variations in the thrust bearing mass flow rates as a function of rotor tilting angle for a variety of orifice arrangements. The model can be applied to analyze the effects of non-uniformities in orifice diameter and the presence of clogged orifices on tilting and the concomitant reduction in tilting stiffness. In addition, the effects of orifice taper are analyzed using an influence-coefficient technique for 1-D compressible flows. Results obtained for various taper ratios are presented and discussed. The model serves as a useful tool for specifying design tolerances during the fabrication of micro-hydrostatic gas thrust bearings and is used in the experiments to estimate the tilting angle of the rotor during operation.
Thermomechanical Multifunctionality in 3D-Printed Polystyrene-Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT) Composites (2021)

In this work, polystyrene (PS) and boron nitrides nanotubes (BNNT) composites were fabricated, prepared, and characterized using modified direct mixing and sonication processes. The polymer composites were extruded into filaments (BNNTs at 10 wt. %) for 3D printing, utilizing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique to fabricate parts for mechanical and thermal applications. Using a direct mixing process, we found that the thermal conductivity and the mechanical strength of the PS-BNNT composite were respectively four times and two times higher compared to the sonication method. The thermal stability and glass transition temperatures were positively affected. A 2D microstructural mechanical entanglement model captured the exact geometry of the nanotubes using the MultiMechanics software, and the performance of the additive manufactured (AM) PS-BNNT composites part for thermomechanical application was simulated in COMSOL. The modified direct mixing process for PS-BNNT, which affects morphology, proved to be effective in achieving better interfacial bonding, indicating that BNNTs are promising fillers for improving thermal and mechanical properties, and are applicable for thermal management and electronic packaging.
Perforation of the nasal septum in patients with renal failure (1980)

Spontaneous perforation of the nasal septum was observed in 8 out of 104 patients (74 on maintenance hemodialysis; 30 after cadaveric renal transplantation). All patients showed a round or oval defect of the non-osseous septum, which was accompanied by marked atrophic rhinitis. Epistaxis was common in uremic patients in general and was also present in 5 patients with septal perforation, but otherwise the defect was hardly associated with any symptoms. Various factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of this lesion; local trauma from nasal catheters postoperatively; impaired mucosa cell proliferation; disturbed innervation of the vessels in the nasal septum due to polyneuropathy of the autonomous nervous system; ischemia secondary to arteriolar narrowing.
Neural Tissue Engineering: Human Neural Tissues from Neural Stem Cells Using Conductive Biogel and Printed Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for 3D Electrical Stimulation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 15/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900425 Jadranka Travas-Sejdic, Jeremy M. Crook, and co-workers, describe development and maturation of human neural tissues with enhanced function and increased response to drug-induced disinhibition by 3D electrical stimulation using printed pillar microelectrode arrays interfaced with an electrically conductive human neural stem cell-laden biogel. The cover artwork portrays the work in the brave-new-world of neural tissue engineering, brain modelling, and electroceuticals.
New families of exact fan-beam and cone-beam image reconstruction formulae via filtering the backprojection image of differentiated projection data along singly measured lines (2006)

In this paper, new families of mathematically exact image reconstruction formulae for fan-beam and cone-beam computed tomography (CT) are developed. Using these new formulae, images may be reconstructed via filtering the backprojection image of differentiated projection data. We refer to them as FBPD image reconstruction algorithms. The novel features of these formulae include: (1) the filtering line may be along a line that passes through the image point and intersects the source trajectory at only one point, i.e., singly measured line (SM-line); and (2) for all the points along the filtering line, projection data acquired from a segment of source trajectory with the same angular range will be utilized to calculate the backprojection image. Although the filtering operations are not guaranteed to be shift-invariant along the filtering lines, these formulae are mathematically exact, and are novel solutions to the image reconstruction problem using fan-beam and cone-beam projections for a large class of complete source trajectories in which the existence of the doubly measured lines (DM-lines) may be established (A DM-line is a straight line that passes through an image point and intersects source trajectory at two different points). In each family of reconstruction formulae, we have demonstrated that we may have infinitely many mathematically exact image reconstruction formulae for a given scanning configuration.
Diagnostic Performance of Coronary Angiography by 64-Row CT (2008)

Multidetector CT angiography accurately identifies the presence and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease and subsequent revascularization in symptomatic patients. The negative and positive predictive values indicate that multidetector CT angiography cannot replace conventional coronary angiography at present. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00738218.)
On the Role of Chlorine in Selective Silicon Epitaxy by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

Si thermal etching studies have been performed using pure in an ultrahigh vacuum rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor in the temperature range of 650–850°C and the flow rate range of 1–10 sccm which corresponds to a pressure range of 0.5–3.5 mTorr. The effects of temperature and flow were investigated with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations performed to determine possible reaction pathways. The effect of adding , up to 500 sccm, on Si etch rates at 800 and 850°C was also obtained experimentally. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were used to support the experimental results and determine the reaction by‐products. It is proposed that equilibrium partial pressure can be used as a means to compare the etching ability, thus the selectivity, of different selective Si processes. The results from the etching studies were used to explain the behavior of Si epitaxy growth rate from the and system in the 650–850°C, 22–24 mTorr processing regime. The implications of the etching studies for selective silicon epitaxy with the and chemistry are discussed and then extended to the based chemistry.
Overview of current and future chemotherapeutic agents in non-small cell lung cancer. (1997)

The two-drug regimen consisting of a platinum compound (cisplatin or carboplatin) combined with either a vinca alkaloid or a podophyllotoxin has been considered by many to be the standard chemotherapy treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Randomized trials with these regimens have demonstrated modest but statistically significant increases in survival for patients with stage IV disease compared to treatment with best supportive care, and especially for selected patients with stage III disease when combined with radiotherapy or surgery compared to these treatments alone. Recently, several new compounds with promising efficacy and acceptable toxicity profiles have been investigated for the treatment of NSCLC, including the taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel, the novel pyrimidine analog gemcitabine, and the topoisomerase inhibitors irinotecan and topotecan. Small but significant improvements in response rates and survival have been achieved with two-drug combinations, which include several of these new agents combined with a platinum-based compound, in patients with advanced NSCLC. Modifications of dosing schedules and the use of premedication regimens have resulted in better efficacy and more manageable side effects with such combinations. These encouraging gains in patients with advanced NSCLC suggest a potentially greater impact in patients with early stage disease. Given the manageable toxicity profiles of many of these newer agents, various three-drug regimens may be feasible in the future.
EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS FROM NONTOXIC Stachybotrys chartarum ON MURINE AIRWAYS (2002)

Acute effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract due to inhalation exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum (Sc) extract were investigated in mice. In addition, the capacity of the Sc exposure to activate immune system and cause inflammation in the respiratory tract was studied. The inhalation of Sc extract aerosols was observed to provoke sensory irritation in the airways of both naive and Sc-immunized mice. In contrast, exposure to aerosolized ovalbumin or phosphate buffered saline did not cause this effect. Exposure to Sc twice a week for 3 wk increased significantly the serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in BALB/c mice immunized with Sc as well as in nonimmunized mice. A slight presence of inflammatory cells was observed in the alveoli 3 days after the last exposure to Sc. In conclusion, Sc extract has the capacity to provoke sensory irritation in the murine airways and to activate the murine immune system.
Stage-Specific Outcomes of Patients With Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Comparison of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Systems (2009)

Estimates of stage-specific PFS and OS for uterine LMS were altered substantially when using the AJCC versus FIGO staging system. Adjuvant treatment strategies should be tested in patients at substantial risk for disease progression and death. Neither the FIGO nor AJCC staging system is ideal for identifying such patients, suggesting a need for a uterine LMS-specific staging system to better target patients for trials of adjuvant therapies.
Abstract 2568: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking Asian women (2016)

Abstract Background: The incidence rates of lung cancer among never-smoking females in some parts of East Asia are among the highest in the world. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of lung cancer in Asian never-smoking women have previously identified six susceptibility loci associated with lung cancer risk including 3q28, 5p15.33, 6p21.32, 6q22.2, 10q25.2 and 17q24.3. This study aims to discover additional lung cancer susceptibility loci among never-smoking Asian females. Methods: We imputed data from four GWAS of Asian non-smoking female lung cancer (6,877 cases and 6,277 controls) using the 1,000 Genomes Project (Phase 1 Release 3) data as the reference and genotyped additional samples (5,878 cases and 7,046 controls) for potential replication. Results: In our meta-analysis, three new loci achieved genome-wide significance, marked by the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7741164 at 6p21.1 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; P = 5.8 × 10-13), rs72658409 at 9p21.3 (per-allele OR = 0.77; P = 1.41 ×10-10), and rs11610143 at 12q13.13 (per-allele OR = 0.89; P = 4.96 ×10-9). Conclusions: We identified new genetic susceptibility alleles for lung cancer in never-smoking women in Asia. These findings merit follow-up to understand their biological underpinnings and potential interactions with environmental exposures. Citation Format: Qing Lan, Zhaoming Wang, Wei Jie Seow, Kouya Shiraishi, Hongbing Shen, Chao A. Hsiung, Keitaro Matsuo, Jie Liu, Kexin Chen, Taiki Yamji, Yang Yang, I-Shou Chang, Chen Wu, Meredith Yeager, Takashi Kohno, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Ou Shu, Pan-Chyr Yang, Tangchun Wu, Dongxin Lin, Baosen Zhou, Jinming Yu, Michiaki Kubo, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking Asian women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2568.
Age and disease-related structural changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (2008)

As the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ages, a number of structural changes occur, including loss of melanin granules, increase in the density of residual bodies, accumulation of lipofuscin, accumulation of basal deposits on or within Bruch's membrane, formation of drusen (between the basal lamina of the RPE and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane), thickening of Bruch's membrane, microvilli atrophy and disorganization of the basal infoldings. Although these changes are well known, the basic mechanisms involved in them are frequently poorly understood. These age-related changes progress slowly and vary in severity in different individuals. These changes are also found in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a late onset disease that severely impacts the RPE, but they are much more pronounced than during normal aging. However, the changes in AMD lead to severe loss of vision. Given the many supporting functions which the RPE serves for the retina, it is important to decipher the age-related changes in this epithelium in order to understand age-related changes in vision.
Alkanephosphonates on Hafnium-Modified Gold:  A New Class of Self-Assembled Organic Monolayers (2007)

A new method for assembling organic monolayers on gold is reported that employs hafnium ions as linkers between a phosphonate headgroup and the gold surface. Monolayers of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) formed on gold substrates that had been pretreated with hafnium oxychloride are representative of this new class of organic thin films. The monolayers are dense enough to completely block assembly of alkanethiols and resist displacement by alkanethiols. The composition and structure of the monolayers were investigated by contact angle goniometry, XPS, PM-IRRAS, and TOF-SIMS. From these studies, it was determined that this assembly strategy leads to the formation of ODPA monolayers similar in quality to those typically formed on metal oxide substrates. The assembly method allows for the ready generation of patterned surfaces that can be easily prepared by first patterning hafnium on the gold surface followed by alkanephosphonate assembly. Using the bifunctional (thiol-phosphonate) 2-mercaptoethylphosphonic acid (2-MEPA), we show that this new assembly chemistry is compatible with gold-thiol chemistry and use TOF-SIMS to show that the molecule attaches through the phosphonate functionality in the patterned region and through the thiol in the bare gold regions. These results demonstrate the possibility of functionalizing metal substrates with monolayers typically formed on metal oxide surfaces and show that hafnium-gold chemistry is complementary and orthogonal to well-established gold-thiol assembly strategies.
Label-free detection of allergens in food via surfactant-induced signal amplification using a field effect transistor-based biosensor (2017)

In recent years, food safety concerning food allergy has received increasing attention globally. A simple and sensitive detection method should be developed to measure trace amounts of allergens in foods. Here, we propose a label-free field effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing system for the detection of a buckwheat allergenic protein, BWp16, by surfactant-induced signal amplification. BWp16 could be detected by coupling with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as this coupling enhanced the net charge of the protein, enough to be detected by FET biosensors. A significant response was observed when the allergen was coupled with SDS, while the responses were decreased or unchanged when it was coupled with a cationic or non-ionic surfactant, suggesting that the SDS coupling maintains the antibody recognition ability of the target allergen, and it would be useful to enhance the sensor responses. The fluorescence spectroscopic measurement revealed that the SDS molecules were successfully coupled with target allergenic protein BWp16, resulting in an increase in its net charge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the FET biosensor enables specific detection of the allergen in food at the desired concentration levels for food safety analysis, suggesting that it could be used as an alternative food allergen analyzer, both industrially and domestically.