gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-variant polarization conversion with artificial birefringent metallic elements (2022)

We present an artificial birefringent space-variant polarization converter for the near infrared, λ = 1550 nm. Each hollow waveguide has a rectangular shape with lateral dimensions of 1550 nm in the x-direction and 1034 nm as the largest length in the y-direction. The whole device consists of approximately 2000 × 2500 hollow waveguides realized in a 2-µm-thick gold structure. They are separated by sidewalls with a width of less than 500 nm. By proper choice of the lateral widths of the individual holes, a pixel-wise polarization conversion of an incoming wave field is possible. By suitable choice of the fabrication parameters, a birefringent phase shift up to 2π can be achieved. Hence, the structure is able to fully convert the state of polarization, e.g., from linear to circular. For fabrication of the device, femtosecond 3D direct laser writing was combined with electroplating. Here, we describe the operation of our device as a space-variant polarization converter by measuring the angle-dependent transmitted power and by calculating the ellipticity and the phase delay dependent on position as well as the azimuth angle from the experimentally determined powers.
JESSICA2: a distributed Java Virtual Machine with transparent thread migration support (2003)

A distributed Java Virtual Machine (DJVM) spanning multiple cluster nodes can provide a true parallel execution environment for multi-threaded Java applications. Most existing DJVMs suffer from the slow Java execution in interpretive mode and thus may not be efficient enough for solving computation-intensive problems. We present JESSICA2, a new DJVM running in JIT compilation mode that can execute multi-threaded Java applications transparently on clusters. JESSICA2 provides a single system image (SSI) illusion to Java applications via an embedded global object space (GOS) layer. It implements a cluster-aware Java execution engine that supports transparent Java thread migration for achieving dynamic load balancing. We discuss the issues of supporting transparent Java thread migration in a JIT compilation environment and propose several lightweight solutions. An adaptive migrating-home protocol used in the implementation of the GOS is introduced. The system has been implemented on x86-based Linux clusters and significant performance improvements over the previous JESSICA system have been observed.
Overexpression of wild-type breast cancer resistance protein mediates methotrexate resistance. (2002)

Previously, we have reported that a multidrug-resistant, mitoxantrone (MX)-selected cell line, MCF7/MX, is highly cross-resistant to the antifolate methotrexate (MTX), because of enhanced ATP-dependent drug efflux (E. L. Volk et al., Cancer Res., 60: 3514-3521, 2000). These cells overexpress the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and resistance to MTX as well as to MX was reversible by the BCRP inhibitor, GF120918. These data indicated that BCRP causes the multidrug-resistance phenotype. To further examine the role of this transporter in MTX resistance, and in particular the role of amino acid 482, we analyzed a number of BCRP-overexpressing cell lines. MTX resistance correlated with BCRP expression in all of the cell lines expressing the wild-type transporter, which contains an Arg at position 482. In contrast, little or no cross-resistance was found in the MCF7/AdVp1000 and S1-M1-3.2 and S1-M1-80 cell lines, which contain acquired mutations at this position, R482T and R482G, respectively. Concomitantly, the greatest reduction in MTX accumulation was observed in the MCF7/MX cells (BCRP(Arg)) as compared with cells expressing the Thr and Gly BCRP variants. Furthermore, the reduction in drug accumulation was sensitive to BCRP inhibition by GF120918. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a novel role for BCRP as a mediator of MTX resistance and have provided further evidence for the importance of amino acid 482 in substrate specificity.
Serological Distribution of Bradyrhizobium japonicum from U.S. Soybean Production Areas (1989)

Abstract Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains are widely distributed throughout U.S. soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production areas. Many surveys of local or regional areas have been conducted, but none has covered all production states or related their distribution to strains previously used in commercial inoculants. A total of 767 isolates of root nodule bacteria, from 79 locations in 27 states of the major soybean production areas, were analyzed with 15 antisera to determine serological composition. Eight serogroups represented 63% of the isolates, 19% of the isolates had double reactions, and 15% did not react. The predominant serogroup was 123, which represented 24% of the isolates tested, followed by serogroup 31 with 14%. The other isolates were evenly distributed among serogroups. The relationship between the pattern of distribution of the isolates around the USA and strains used in commercial inoculants is discussed. Knowledge of isolates that constitute an indigenous Bradyrhizobium population should be helpful in selecting more effective strains for inoculants.
All-Fiber Integrated In-Line Semiconductor Photoconductor (2019)

Here, we present a fully fiber-integrated semiconductor wire based photoconductor for the photodetection of light at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The device consisting of an electrically connected micrometer sized germanium wire running parallel to a single-mode core of a gradient index fiber shows features such as temporal responses shorter than 20 ns and a linear response between 10 nW and 20 μW in the wavelength domain between 600 nm and 1300 nm, while light powers up to 2 mW can be measured. A sophisticated polarization dependency has been revealed, showing a non-intuitive dependence on wavelength and light power that has been explained by a developed model. Due to its design flexibility our electrically connected semiconductor enhanced fiber concept principally allows to detect a defined fraction of light, while the remaining part is still available for further diagnostics, thus defining a novel type of detection scheme for all-in-fiber optoelectronic light detection.
The Lateral Osteotomy in Rhinoplasty: Clinical and Radiographic Rationale for Osteotome Selection (2000)

Becker, Daniel G. M.D.; McLaughlin, Robert B. Jr. M.D.; Loevner, Laurie A. M.D.; Discussion, Andrew Mang; Rohrich, Rod J. M.D.; Krueger, Jeffery K. M.D. Author Information
Identification of QTLs Associated with Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Related Traits in a Diploid Potato Population (2020)

Abstract Developing N use efficient potato varieties requires exploring the genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and associated agronomic and physiological traits. In order to identify QTLs for NUE and NUE-related traits, and to determine the relationships between the traits and QTLs in potato, a diploid potato mapping population (CxE) was evaluated in the field in Ethiopia under low and high N fertilizer levels. QTL detection was performed using interval mapping and multiple QTL mapping (MQM). A total of 52 putative QTLs were identified for ten traits, of which 28 QTLs were detected under low N availability while the remaining 24 QTLs were detected under high N conditions. Several QTLs were location and N level specific, suggesting the presence of QTL x environment interaction. A region on linkage group V (21-38 cM) accumulated the largest number of QTLs. This region coincides with the earliness locus encoded by the CDF1 gene, suggesting that earliness has a profound influence on NUE. A putative second QTL region on linkage group V located 20 cM from the earliness locus (38-56 cM) and a region on linkage group IV (60-72 cM) might be useful other regions to focus on, for NUE improvement in potato. To verify the stability of the identified QTLs and to use these for the detection of possible candidate genes, further multi-environment trials with larger population size may be required.
A self-aligning polysilicon electrode technology (SPEL) for future LSIs (1987)

A Self-aligning Polysilicon ELectrode technology (SPEL) is proposed to realize future high performance LSIs. This technology, based on a preferential dry etching of a highly doped polysilicon, makes it possible to halve the contact region areas of MOS and bipolar transistors as compared to conventional ones. Additionally, reduction of parasitic capacitance and resistance are demonstrated for the former transistors.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity of Novel Seven-Coordinated Manganese(II) Complex with Multidentate Di-Schiff Base Ligands (2002)

Abstract A novel hepta-coordinated mononuclear manganese(II) complex, [Mn(L)2(H2O)](ClO4)2·2.5H2O [L=1,2-bis(2′-pyridylmethyleneamino)propane], was obtained by assembly reaction of a di-Schiff base ligand L with manganese(II) perchlorate. The crystal structure shows that one of the L ligand acts as a quadridentate ligand, while the other one serves as a bidentate. The Mn(II) complex was found to have activity of dismutation of superoxide (O2·-) in the riboflavin-methionine-nitro blue tetrazolium assay.
Novel Peptide for Attenuation of Hyperoxia-induced Disruption of Lung Endothelial Barrier and Pulmonary Edema via Modulating Peroxynitrite Formation (2014)

Pulmonary damages of oxygen toxicity include vascular leakage and pulmonary edema. We have previously reported that hyperoxia increases the formation of NO and peroxynitrite in lung endothelial cells via increased interaction of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) with β-actin. A peptide (P326TAT) with amino acid sequence corresponding to the actin binding region of eNOS residues 326-333 has been shown to reduce the hyperoxia-induced formation of NO and peroxynitrite in lung endothelial cells. In the present study, we found that exposure of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hyperoxia (95% oxygen and 5% CO2) for 48 h resulted in disruption of monolayer barrier integrity in two phases, and apoptosis occurred in the second phase. NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester attenuated the endothelial barrier disruption in both phases. Peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid did not affect the first phase but ameliorated the second phase of endothelial barrier disruption and apoptosis. P326TAT inhibited hyperoxia-induced disruption of monolayer barrier integrity in two phases and apoptosis in the second phase. More importantly, injection of P326TAT attenuated vascular leakage, pulmonary edema, and endothelial apoptosis in the lungs of mice exposed to hyperoxia. P326TAT also significantly reduced the increase in eNOS-β-actin association and protein tyrosine nitration. Together, these results indicate that peptide P326TAT ameliorates barrier dysfunction of hyperoxic lung endothelial monolayer and attenuates eNOS-β-actin association, peroxynitrite formation, endothelial apoptosis, and pulmonary edema in lungs of hyperoxic mice. P326TAT can be a novel therapeutic agent to treat or prevent acute lung injury in oxygen toxicity.
Turbulence generation and its effect in LES approximations of tidal turbines (2013)

Tidal flows suitable for the installation of tidal stream turbines are highly turbulent with a broad range of turbulent scales, and intensities of around 10%. It is important to understand how turbulent flows affect the performance and wake profiles for the accurate prediction of the performance of single devices and arrays. Previous studies have considered the effects of turbulence intensity, but the effects of turbulent eddy size have not been investigated. This paper presents a new method for generating turbulence in large eddy simulations of uniform actuator disc rotor models. The advantage of the gridded actuator disc is that the generated turbulence may be controlled, so the effects of turbulence length scale and intensity may be investigated. Initial results show the wake recovery is faster behind a rotor generating larger turbulent length scales and intensities, with a corresponding increase in axial induction and thrust. Therefore turbines may be positioned closer together if they generate more turbulence, increasing the power output of an array for a given area, although the individual device performance may be lower. Future work will consider the effects of free-stream turbulence on the performance and wake profiles of the gridded actuator disc, and validation against experimental data.
Current Technological Impediments to Business-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce (1999)

Internet and World Wide Web technologies provide the infrastructure for the Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) revolution now taking place. As a result of these technologies, even the smallest organization can afford to market its wares to hundreds of millions of potential e-Consumers. However, these technologies also pose threats to the very electronic commerce which they enable. For managers to strategize and implement e-Commerce effectively in their organizations, these impediments need to be recognized and understood. While hundreds of articles identify problems with Internet computing or conducting e-Commerce, no unified framework of technological impediments specific to e-Commerce yet exists. The goal of this paper is to identify the primary technological impediments to e-Commerce. Six categories of technological impediments have been identified. Those which appear to pose the greatest threats to the development of e-Commerce are: (1)download delays, (2) limitations in the interface, (3) search problems, (4) inadequate measurement of Web application success, (5) security (real and perceived) weaknesses, and (6) a lack of Internet standards. Associated costs, threats, and limitations specific to e-Commerce are also identified and implications explored. The paper concludes with an assessment of ways to mitigate these obstacles, including design choices, workarounds, and emerging technological solutions. A bibliography of 296 relevant trade press articles is included in the appendix.
Water transport across biological membranes (1994)

The rate of the lateral diffusion of straight-chain phospholipids predicts the rate of water diffusion through bilayers. A new model of lipid dynamics integrates these processes. Substances such as cholesterol that reduce water diffusion proportionally reduce lateral diffusion. The model yields a number of predictions about the dynamics of the lipids at the Tm and suggests different mechanisms for how water diffuses across bilayers of other-than-straight-chain lipids, and how proteins bind to membranes. A second recent development in water transport across biological membranes is the discovery of a ubiquitous family of water transport proteins that facilitate large-volume water translocation. Like water diffusion through lipid bilayers, water transport by these proteins is directed by osmosis and is therefore under the control of ATP and ion pumps. The presence of water transport proteins in membranes is often regulated by hormones.
Effect of herbal medicine daikenchuto on gastrointestinal symptoms following laparoscopic colectomy in patients with colon cancer: A prospective randomized study (2021)

We conducted a prospective randomized study to investigate the effect of daikenchuto (DKT) on abdominal symptoms following laparoscopic colectomy in patients with left-sided colon cancer. Patients who suffered from abdominal pain or distention on postoperative day 1 were randomized to either the DKT group or non-DKT group. The primary endpoints were the evaluation of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and quality of life. The metabolome and gut microbiome analyses were conducted as secondary endpoints. A total of 17 patients were enrolled: 8 patients in the DKT group and 9 patients in the non-DKT group. There were no significant differences in the primary endpoints and postoperative adverse events between the two groups. The metabolome and gut microbiome analyses showed that the levels of plasma lipid mediators associated with the arachidonic acid cascade were lower in the DKT group than in the non-DKT group, and that the relative abundance of genera Serratia and Bilophila were lower in the DKT group than in the non-DKT group. DKT administration did not improve the abdominal symptoms following laparoscopic colectomy. The effects of DKT on metabolites and gut microbiome have to be further investigated.
On Using Tunnel Anchors and Bolts as Heat Exchangers with the Ground (2013)

Heating and cooling of the buildings represent an important area of energy consumption in the developed countries. Furthermore, a large part of this demand is still satisfied with fossil resources such as oil or gas. Therefore, developing alternative and renewable heat sources for buildings is a major challenge for future energy policies. But because of the congestion of the urban underground, conventional ground source heat pump systems need new heat exchangers with the ground. Therefore, embedding absorber pipes within foundation and underground structures represent a great opportunity while it saves the cost of dedicated drillings for boreholes. Shallow tunnels are numerous in large cities for roadways and metro lines. Therefore, using them as heat exchanger with the ground could provide an efficient heat source for the overlying buildings. Different solutions were identified and among them, heat exchanger anchors are the less investigated because of the emerging technology. The present paper investigates the potential of using tunnel anchors as heat exchangers for ground source heat pumps. The study is based on thermo-hydro-mechanical finite element analyses of a cut and cover tunnel and a bored tunnel. Different conditions are tested as well as the efficiency of seasonal heat storage and its mechanical implications.
Ratiometric electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose (2017)

Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) detection is of high importance as it is a versatile (bio)marker whose detection can indicate the presence of explosives, enzyme activity and cell signalling pathways. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid and accurate ratiometric electrochemical detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using disposable screen-printed electrodes through a reaction-based indicator assay. Ferrocene derivatives equipped with self-immolative linkers and boronic acid ester moieties were synthesised and tested, and, through a thorough assay optimisation, the optimum probe showed good stability, sensitivity and selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The optimised conditions were then applied to the indirect detection of glucose via an enzymatic assay, capable of distinguishing 10 μM from the background within minutes.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)–poly(L‐lactide) diblock copolymers with an organic amino calcium catalyst (2006)

Abstract The quasiliving characteristics of the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) catalyzed by an organic amino calcium were demonstrated. Taking advantage of this feature, we synthesized a series of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL)–poly( L ‐lactide) (PLA) diblock copolymers with the sequential addition of the monomers CL and L ‐lactide. The block structure was confirmed by 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography analysis. The crystalline structure of the copolymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis. When the molecular weight of the PLA block was high enough, phase separation took place in the block copolymer to form PCL and PLA domains, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2654–2660, 2006
Atomic Layer Deposition for optical applications : metal fluoride thin films and novel devices (2008)

Thin films of various metal fluorides are suited for optical coatings from infrared (IR) to ultraviolet (UV) range due to their excellent light transmission. In this work, novel metal fluoride processes have been developed for atomic layer deposition (ALD), which is a gas phase thin film deposition method based on alternate saturative surface reactions. Surface controlled self-limiting film growth results in conformal and uniform films. Other strengths of ALD are precise film thickness control, repeatability and dense and pinhole free films. All these make the ALD technique an ideal choice also for depositing metal fluoride thin films. Metal fluoride ALD processes have been largely missing, which is mostly due to a lack of a good fluorine precursor. In this thesis, TiF4 precursor was used for the first time as the fluorine source in ALD for depositing CaF2, MgF2, LaF3 and YF3 thin films. TaF5 was studied as an alternative novel fluorine precursor only for MgF2 thin films. Metal-thd (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) compounds were applied as the metal precursors. The films were grown at 175 450 °C and they were characterized by various methods. \n\nThe metal fluoride films grown at higher temperatures had generally lower impurity contents with higher UV light transmittances, but increased roughness caused more scattering losses. The highest transmittances and low refractive indices below 1.4 (at 580 nm) were obtained with MgF2 samples. MgF2 grown from TaF5 precursor showed even better UV light transmittance than MgF2 grown from TiF4. Thus, TaF5 can be considered as a high quality fluorine precursor for depositing metal fluoride thin films. Finally, MgF2 films were applied in fabrication of high reflecting mirrors together with Ta2O5 films for visible region and with LaF3 films for UV region. \n\nAnother part of the thesis consists of applying already existing ALD processes for novel optical devices. In addition to the high reflecting mirrors, a thin ALD Al2O3 film on top of a silver coating was proven to protect the silver mirror coating from tarnishing. Iridium grid filter prototype for rejecting IR light and Ir-coated micro channel plates for focusing x-rays were successfully fabricated. Finally, Ir-coated Fresnel zone plates were shown to provide the best spatial resolution up to date in scanning x-ray microscopy.
Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and evaluation of lymphoid malignancies. (1999)

The processes of somatic immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement that occur in lymphoid precursors provide insights into the pathogenesis and molecular analysis of lymphoid malignancies, in addition to the more universal molecular oncogenic mechanisms. Detection of lymphoid clonality can help distinguish polyclonal reactive disorders from clonal, predominantly, but not exclusively, malignant proliferations. Ig/TCR V-(D)-J polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification has largely replaced Southern blotting, and the techniques of PCR product analysis are evolving rapidly. V-(D)-J errors are often involved in genetic abnormalities leading to lymphoid malignancies, with consequent deregulated expression of the associated proto-oncogenes. Genetic abnormalities producing fusion transcripts and chimeric proteins are also frequent, particularly in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A variety of molecular techniques, including reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR, Southern blotting, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are finding an increasingly established place in the diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, therapeutic stratification, and follow-up of lymphoblastic leukemias, and it is likely that the same methods will be applied to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to chronic leukemias.
Oxidative Photoredox‐Catalytic Activation of Aliphatic Nucleophiles for C(sp3)–C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2014)

In the light you will find the road (Led Zeppelin): Visible-light photoredox catalysis leads the way in overcoming the reactivity limitations of alkyl nucleophiles in cross-coupling reactions. Iridium-triggered oxidative photoredox activation of alkyltrifluoroborate or carboxylic acids affords alkyl radicals, which undergo nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.