gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Decomposition of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (2005)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are shown to be globally distributed, environmentally persistent, and bioaccumulative. Although the toxicities of these compounds were reported, the cleanup procedure from the environment is not developed because of their inertness. In this report the sonochemical degradations of PFOS and PFOA to the products through the fission of the perfluorocarbon chains were observed and the half-life times of the PFOS and PFOA degradations under an argon atmosphere determined to be 43 and 22 min, respectively. The shortening of perfluorocarbon chain of PFOS and PFOA leads to the lowering of the toxicity in view of the decrease of the persistence, and the technique would contribute to the remediation of the environmental pollution by these compounds.
From Adlayer Islands to Surface Alloy: Structural and Chemical Changes on Bimetallic PtRu/Ru(0001) Surfaces (2010)

The correlation between structural and chemical properties of bimetallic PtRu/Ru(0001) model catalysts and their modification upon stepwise annealing of a submonolayer Pt-covered Ru(0001) surface up to the formation of an equilibrated Pt(x)Ru(1-x)/Ru(0001) monolayer surface alloy was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and by the adsorption of CO and D(2) probe molecules. Both temperature-programmed desorption and IR measurements demonstrate the influence of the surface structure on the adsorption properties of the bimetallic surface, which can be explained by changes of the composition of the adsorption ensembles (ensemble effects) for D adsorption and by changes in the electronic interaction (ligand effects, strain effects) of the metallic constituents for CO and D adsorption upon alloy formation.
Abstract 03: High-Dose Intranasal Insulin During CPR Improves Neurological Outcomes in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest (2019)

Introduction: Post-cardiac arrest brain injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Insulin has well-established CNS neuroprotecive properties mediated by the AKT survival signaling pathway, and known transnasal transport mechanisms make it possible to rapidly achieve therapeutic brain insulin levels after intranasal delivery. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that high-dose intranasal insulin (HD-IN-I) administered during CPR, could improve neurologic outcomes in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Methods: Male Long Evans rats were subjected to 8-minute asphyxial cardiac arrest then block randomized to HD-IN-I (1.92 U/g brain wet weight) or placebo (PL) given at the onset of CPR by an experimental operator blinded to treatment. Sham operated rats were used as uninjured controls. For the long-term outcome study (n = 14/group), rats with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were maintained at 37.0 ±0.5 °C for 72 hours and neurologic function was assessed on days 7 - 10. For the mechanistic study (n = 6/group), rats with ROSC were euthanized 30 minutes after ROSC and regional brain homogenates were analyzed by western blot for AKT phosporylation. Results: HD-IN-I during CPR had no statistically significant effect on ROSC rate (93% (13/14) HD-IN-I vs. 86% (12/14) PL, p &gt; 0.05) or 10-day survival (71% (10/14) HD-INI vs. 43% (6/14) PL, p &gt; 0.05). HD-IN-I had no significant impact on serum glucose concentrations. At 10 days post-ROSC, rats in the HD-IN-I group had significantly improved performance on rotarod (latency to fall 87±27 sec HD-IN-I vs. 41±18 sec PL, p &lt; 0.05), Barnes maze (latency to escape box 27±15 sec HD-IN-I vs. 298±5 sec PL, p &lt; 0.05), and passive avoidance (latency to re-enter shock chamber 300±0 sec HD-IN-I vs. 142±46 sec PL, p &lt; 0.05) testing. Hippocampal phosph-AKT/total AKT ratio increased 2-fold in the placebo group and 5.7-fold in the HD-IN-I group relative to shams (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: HD-IN-I administered during CPR causes rapid activation of brain AKT survival signaling and improves recovery of neurologic function in a rat cardiac arrest model. Additional studies are warranted to determine dose optimization, therapeutic window and effectiveness in large animal models to advance this novel therapy toward clinical trials.
Infection Prevention and Control During Prolonged Human Space Travel (2012)

Prolonged human spaceflight to another planet or an asteroid will introduce unique challenges of mitigating the risk of infection. During space travel, exposure to microgravity, radiation, and stress alter human immunoregulatory responses, which can in turn impact an astronaut's ability to prevent acquisition of infectious agents or reactivation of latent infection. In addition, microgravity affects virulence, growth kinetics, and biofilm formation of potential microbial pathogens. These interactions occur in a confined space in microgravity, providing ample opportunity for heavy microbial contamination of the environment. In addition, there is the persistence of aerosolized, microbe-containing particles. Any mission involving prolonged human spaceflight must be carefully planned to minimize vulnerabilities and maximize the likelihood of success.
Antisense oligonucleotides selectively suppress target RNA in nociceptive neurons of the pain system and can ameliorate mechanical pain (2017)

There is an urgent need for better treatments for chronic pain, which affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have proven successful in treating children with spinal muscular atrophy, a severe infantile neurological disorder, and several ASOs are currently being tested in clinical trials for various neurological disorders. Here, we characterize the pharmacodynamic activity of ASOs in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), key tissues for pain signaling. We demonstrate that activity of ASOs lasts up to 2 months after a single intrathecal bolus dose. Interestingly, comparison of subcutaneous, intracerebroventricular, and intrathecal administration shows that DRGs are targetable by systemic and central delivery of ASOs, while target reduction in the spinal cord is achieved only after direct central delivery. Upon detailed characterization of ASO activity in individual cell populations in DRG, we observe robust target suppression in all neuronal populations, thereby establishing that ASOs are effective in the cell populations involved in pain propagation. Furthermore, we confirm that ASOs are selective and do not modulate basal pain sensation. We also demonstrate that ASOs targeting the sodium channel Nav1.7 induce sustained analgesia up to 4 weeks. Taken together, our findings support the idea that ASOs possess the required pharmacodynamic properties, along with a long duration of action beneficial for treating pain.
Long tail fibres of the novel broad‐host‐range T‐even bacteriophage S16 specifically recognize SalmonellaOmpC (2013)

We report isolation and characterization of the novel T4-like Salmonella bacteriophage vB_SenM-S16. S16 features a T-even morphology and a highly modified 160 kbp dsDNA genome with 36.9 mol % G+C, containing 269 putative coding sequences and three tRNA genes. S16 is a virulent phage, and exhibits a maximally broad host range within the genus Salmonella, but does not infect other bacteria. Synthesis of functional S16 full-length long tail fibre (LTF) in Escherichia coli was possible by coexpression of gp37 and gp38. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed nanomolar equilibrium affinity of the LTF to its receptor on Salmonella cells. We show that OmpC serves as primary binding ligand, and that S16 adsorption can be transferred to E. coli by substitution of ompC with the Salmonella homologue. S16 also infects 'rough' Salmonella strains which are defective in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and/or its carbohydrate substitution, indicating that this interaction does not require an intact LPS structure. Altogether, its virulent nature, broad host range and apparent lack of host DNA transduction render S16 highly suitable for biocontrol of Salmonella in foods and animal production. The S16 LTF represents a highly specific affinity reagent useful for cell decoration and labelling, as well as bacterial immobilization and separation.
Electrolessly Deposited Electrospun Metal Nanowire Transparent Electrodes (2014)

Metal nanowire (MNW) transparent electrodes have been widely developed for their promising sheet resistance (R(s))-transmittance (T) performance, excellent mechanical flexibility, and facile synthesis. How to lower the junction resistance without compromising optical transmittance has become the key issue in enhancing their performance. Here we combine electrospinning and electroless deposition to synthesize interconnected, ultralong MNW networks. For both silver and copper nanowire networks, the R(s) and T values reach around 10 Ω/sq and 90%, respectively. This process is scalable and takes place at ambient temperature and pressure, which opens new opportunities for flexible electronics and roll-to-roll large-scale manufacturing.
Assessment of the Nested Grid Model Estimates for Driving Regional Visibility Models in the Southwestern United States (2000)

The Nested Grid Model (NGM) is a primitive-equation meteorological model that is routinely exercised over North America for forecasting purposes by the National Meteorological Center. While prognostic meteorological models are being increasingly used to drive air quality models, their use in conducting annual simulations requires significant resources. NGM estimates of wind fields and other meteorological variables provide an attractive alternative since they are typically archived and readily available for an entire year. Preliminary evaluation of NGM winds during the summer of 1992 for application to the region surrounding the Grand Canyon National Park showed serious shortcomings. The NGM winds along the borders between California, Arizona and Mexico tend to be northwesterly with a speed of about 6 m/sec, while the observed flow is predominantly southerly at about 2-5 m/sec. The mesoscale effect of a thermal low pressure area over the highly heated Southern California and western Arizona deserts does not appear to be represented by the NGM because of its coarse resolution and the use of sparse observations in that region. Tracer simulations and statistical evaluation against special high resolution observations of winds in the southwest United States clearly demonstrate the northwest bias in NGM winds and its adverse effect on predictions of an air quality model. The "enhanced" NGM winds, in which selected wind observations are incorporated in the NGM winds using a diagnostic meteorological model provide additional confirmation on the primary cause of the northwest bias. This study has demonstrated that in situations where limited resources prevent the use of prognostic meteorological models, previously archived coarse resolution wind fields in which additional observations are incorporated to correct known biases provide an attractive option.
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing in a simple microfluidic device (2005)

Two-dimensional flow focusing in pressure-driven flow is demonstrated in a microfluidic device made of a single cast of a silicon elastomer. A stream injected into the device is shaped to a variety of rectangular profiles. A flow of particles is focused into a thin layer with homogeneous velocity. A blob of dye injected into a microchannel is transported over a long distance with minimal dispersion. The device can be integrated into lab-on-a-chip systems and used as a low-cost flow cytometry chamber.
APOL1nephropathy risk variants are associated with altered high-density lipoprotein profiles in African Americans (2015)

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Background&lt;/st&gt; Two independent coding variants in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (&lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt;), G1 and G2, strongly associate with nephropathy in African Americans; associations with cardiovascular disease are more controversial. Although APOL1 binds plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), data on &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; risk variant associations with HDL subfractions are sparse. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods&lt;/st&gt; Two &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; G1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the G2 insertion/deletion polymorphism were genotyped in 2010 Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study participants with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based lipoprotein subfraction measurements. Linear regression was used to model associations between numbers of &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; G1/G2 risk variants and HDL subfractions, adjusting for demographic, clinical and ancestral covariates. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Results&lt;/st&gt; Female sex and higher percentage of African ancestry were positively associated with the number of &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; G1/G2 risk alleles. In the unadjusted analysis, mean (standard error) small HDL concentrations (μmol/L) for participants with zero, one and two G1/G2 risk alleles were 19.0 (0.2), 19.7 (0.2) and 19.9 (0.4), respectively (P = 0.02). Adjustment for age, sex, diabetes and African ancestry did not change the results but strengthened the statistical significance (P = 0.004). No significant differences in large or medium HDL, very low-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein particle concentrations were observed by &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; genotype. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusions&lt;/st&gt; Greater numbers of &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; G1/G2 risk alleles were associated with higher small HDL particle concentrations in African Americans. These results may suggest novel areas of investigation to uncover reasons for the association between &lt;it&gt;APOL1&lt;/it&gt; risk variants with adverse outcomes in African Americans. &lt;/sec&gt;
Phase Behavior of Synthetic Phytanyl-Chained Glycolipid/Water Systems (1997)

We have synthesized 1,3-di-O-phytanyl-2-O-(glycosyl)glycerols possessing maltooligosaccharide headgroups, MalN(Phyt)2, as model archaebacterial glycolipids (the number of glucose units N = 1, 2, 3, and 5) and investigated the phase behavior of the lipid/water systems using small-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrated-solid to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperatures of MalN(Phyt)2 are well below 0 °C, so that MalN(Phyt)2 are in a liquid crystalline state above 0 °C. The structures of the aqueous MalN(Phyt)2 are largely determined by N; a weakly birefringent mesophase for a glucolipid, Glc(Phyt)2, an HII phase for Mal2(Phyt)2, and an Lα phase for Mal3(Phyt)2 and Mal5(Phyt)2. This indicates an increasing tendency for the MalN(Phyt)2 monolayers to curve toward apolar regions with increasing N. The salient feature of the phytanyl chain lies in significantly larger cross section areas of the lipids at the hydrophobic part−headgroup interface (e.g., ∼1.0 nm2/lipid for an Lα phase) compared with those of the straight-chained counterparts (0.65−0.75 nm2/lipid). A state of alkyl chain disorder appears similar in both phytanyl- and straight-chained lipids. The phase behavior of MalN(Phyt)2 is compared with that of straight-chained glycolipids.
Increased expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 in active inflammatory bowel disease (2004)

There is increased cell cycle entry, as indicated by expression of Mcm2 and to a lesser extent Ki-67, in the superficial third of colonic glands in active IBD compared to inactive/quiescent IBD. Detection of Mcm2 may contribute to improved histological assessment of small tissue biopsies and may enable the development of a direct stool-based test for detection of active IBD and potentially for assessment of disease activity.
Base Metal Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Ammonia−Borane for Chemical Hydrogen Storage (2007)

We report here the first example of a homogeneous first row transition-metal-based catalyst which is active for dehydrogenation of ammonia−borane, H3NBH3, a promising chemical hydrogen storage material. Addition of ammonia−borane to an active catalyst formed in situ from the reaction of Ni(cod)2 and 2 equiv of an appropriate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) rapidly evolves hydrogen at 60 °C. Using a gas burette to quantify the gas evolved, 29 of a possible 31 mL of H2 for 3 equiv of H2 was produced, equating to >2.5 equiv of H2 from ammonia−borane. Kinetic isotope effects of deuterated derivatives of ammonia−borane suggest that both N−H and B−H bonds are being broken in the rate-determining step(s).
EDUCATIONAL MICROENVIRONMENT AS A CONDITION FOR THE GIFTEDNESS DEVELOPMENT IN SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE (2021)

The article is devoted to the problem of conditions for the development of gifted children in kindergarten. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of the modern educational microenvironment that contributes to the development of gifted older preschoolers. The article presents the results of a study in which 113 children of 6-7 years old with high intellectual abilities took part. Children attended preparatory groups for kindergartens with different microenvironments. A comparative analysis of the developmental features of extraordinary preschoolers was carried out in an enriched educational microenvironment (40 children) and in a typical microenvironment (73 children). The assessment of intellectual development was carried out using the methodology for diagnosing intellectual abilities of MEDIA, intellectual and creative activity - using a diagnostic game lesson. As a result of univariate analysis of variance, it was found that the educational microenvironment, which allows an intellectually gifted preschooler to realize his need for exploring the world and show his creative abilities, makes a significant contribution to the development of his cognitive initiative and intellectual and creative activity (10.6% of the variance of this indicator at p &lt;0.000), thereby contributing to the favorable development of the potential of children's giftedness. It is shown that the features of the content of education (interdisciplinary nature, cognitive complexity and variety of topics), the dominance of research and creative activity, the relationship of cooperation, the encouragement of creative activity and independent search are specific characteristics of the developing educational microenvironment for gifted preschoolers. It is substantiated that the creation of a developing educational microenvironment for gifted preschoolers is impossible without special training of educators aimed at teaching them to accept and appreciate the uniqueness of the child, to help him interact with other children, to discover his hobbies and to explore the world.
Experimental Surface Heat Transfer and Flow Structure in a Curved Channel With Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Flows (2003)

Heat transfer and flow structure are described in a channel with a straight portion followed by a portion with mild curvature at Dean numbers from 100 to 1084. The channel aspect ratio is 40, radius ratio is 0.979, and the ratio of shear layer thickness to channel inner radius is 0.011. The data presented include flow visualizations, and spanwise-averaged Nusselt numbers. Also included are time-averaged turbulence structural data, time-averaged profiles of streamwise velocity, spectra of longitudinal velocity fluctuations, and a survey of the radial time-averaged vorticity component. Different flow events are observed including laminar two-dimensional flow, Dean vortex flow, wavy Dean vortex flow (in both undulating and twisting modes), splitting and merging of Dean vortex pairs, transitional flow with arrays of Dean vortex pairs, and fully turbulent flow with arrays of Dean vortex pairs. Transitional events generally first appear in the curved portion of the channel at Dean numbers less than 350 in the form of arrays of counter-rotating Dean vortex pairs. At Dean numbers greater than 350, transitional events occur in the upstream straight portion of the channel but then continue to cause important variations in the downstream curved portion. The resulting Nusselt number variations with curvature, streamwise development, and Dean number are described as they are affected by these different laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow phenomena.
Plasmin and plasminogen activator activities in tear fluid during corneal wound healing after anterior keratectomy (1989)

Plasmin can degrade fibronectin and laminin, two important components of the extracellular matrix facilitating cell sliding and healing following a wound. In this study we investigated the relationship between the tear fluid level of plasmin and plasminogen activator and the healing of a corneal wound. Anterior keratectomy (AKE) was performed for seven rabbits (11 eyes). Eight eyes were rewounded after re-epithelialization. Tear fluid samples were collected with capillaries before wounding and during wound healing. Plasmin and plasminogen activator (PA) activities were determined using radial caseinolysis procedures. After AKE the plasmin concentrations increased rapidly, from a mean (+/- SEM) of 3.9 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml to a mean of 37.9 +/- 7.8 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01), and decreased during wound healing. Rewounding also resulted in an increase in plasmin concentration in the tear fluid (from a mean of 2.9 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml to a mean of 5.0 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml; p greater than 0.05). The PA activity showed an inverse trend as it decreased after AKE from a mean of 2.0 +/- 0.6 IU/ml to a mean of 0.3 +/- 0.1 IU/ml (p less than 0.001). During wound healing and re-epithelialization, the PA activity increased again, to 2.1 +/- 0.3 IU/ml (p less than 0.001). Abrasion of the newly grown epithelium in eight eyes caused a second elevation of PA activity which was not significant. This study demonstrates a close association between the healing of corneal wounds and changes in the plasmin and PA activities in tear fluid. Determination of the activity of these enzymes may therefore be useful for monitoring corneal wound healing.
Acetate transiently inhibits myocardial contraction by increasing mitochondrial calcium uptake (2014)

Lehninger and others have previously demonstrated that the anions of weak aliphatic acids such as acetate stimulate Ca(2+) uptake in isolated mitochondria. Here we show that this effect of acetate appears to extend to isolated cardiac myocytes where it transiently modulates cell contraction.
Elastic Scattering of Sodium Atoms at Ultracold Temperatures (2007)

The calculations of the elastic scattering properties for collisions between two 23Na atoms at ultra-cold temperatures are reported and compared with experimental and theoretical results in the detail. We present a parametric model potential for the triplet molecular state of the 23Na molecule, and calculate the scattering length ɑ(subscript t) and the effective range r(subscript e) by using the semiclassical and Numerov methods, respectively. The shape resonances occur in the collisions at low energies, and resonance positions and widths are computed by Briet-Wigner formula. In addition, we also present other results that include differential cross sections at zero energy limit.