gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nontraditional Reactions of Azomethine Ylides: Decarboxylative Three‐Component Couplings of α‐Amino Acids. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frequency Characteristics of Polymer Field-Effect Transistors with Self-Aligned Electrodes Investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy (2011)

Solution-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with low parasitic capacitance have been fabricated using a self-aligned method. The self-aligned processes using a cross-linking polymer gate insulator allow fabricating electrically stable polymer OFETs with small overlap area between the source-drain electrodes and the gate electrode, whose frequency characteristics have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS). The IS of polymer OFETs with self-aligned electrodes reveals frequency-dependent channel formation process and the frequency response in FET structure.
Shotgun Drug Repurposing Biotechnology to Tackle Epidemics and Pandemics (2020)

In this manuscript we highlight consensus between the list of drugs currently in clinical trials to treat COVID-19, the worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the list of predictions made using our shotgun drug discovery, repurposing, and design platform known as CANDO (Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities). We make the argument that increased funding and development for drug repurposing biotechnology like ours will help combat the inevitable pathogenic outbreaks of the future. &lt;br&gt;
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Reduces the Capacity of Blood Mononuclear Cells to Induce Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Impact on Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation (1997)

The feasibility of transplanting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-treated normal human donors to myeloablated allogeneic hosts has been demonstrated recently. The current work examined the ability of recombinant G-CSF to alter peripheral blood T-cell function and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a murine model of allogeneic G-CSF-mobilized PBMC transplantation. Administration of recombinant G-CSF to C57BL/Ka mice markedly increased the capacity of PBMC to reconstitute lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts. T- and B-lineage lymphocytes were depleted about 10-fold in the bone marrow of the treated mice, and the T-cell yield in the blood was increased about fourfold. The ability of PBMC or purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to induce acute lethal GVHD in irradiated BALB/c mice was reduced after the administration of G-CSF. This was associated with decreased secretion of interferon gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and an increased secretion of IL-4. The donor cell inoculum, which was most successful in the rescue of irradiated allogeneic hosts, was the low-density fraction of PBMC from G-CSF-treated mice. These low-density cells were enriched for CD4-CD8-NK1.1+ T cells and secreted about 10-fold more IL-4 than the unfractionated cells from the G-CSF-treated donors.
Host Protease Activity on Bacterial Pathogens Promotes Complement and Antibiotic-Directed Killing (2021)

Our understanding of how the host immune system thwarts bacterial evasive mechanisms remains incomplete. Here, we show that host protease neutrophil elastase acts on <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to destroy factors that prevent serum-associated, complement-directed killing. The protease activity also enhances bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in sera. These findings implicate a new paradigm where host protease activity on bacteria acts combinatorially with the host complement system and antibiotics to defeat bacterial pathogens.
Controllable orientation of single silver nanowire using two fiber probes (2014)

We report a strategy for realizing precise orientation of single silver nanowire using two fiber probes. By launching a laser of 980 nm wavelength into the two fibers, single silver nanowire with a diameter of 600 nm and a length of 6.5 μm suspended in water was trapped and rotated by optical torque resulting from its interaction with optical fields outputted from the fiber probes. Angular orientation of the nanowire was controlled by varying the relative distance between the two fiber probes. The angular stiffness, which refers to the stability of orientation, was estimated to be on the order of 10(-19) J/rad(2)·mW. The experiments were interpreted by theoretical analysis.
Detection heterodyne grand champ (1995)

La detection heterodyne constitue une fonction de base des systemes lidar coherents appliques a la mesure de vitesse et de distance. Cependant, son faible champ angulaire (regie par la loi de l'antenne) et sa grande sensibilite aux perturbations de front d'onde dues a la propagation atmospherique du signal ne permettent pas d'envisager sa realisation dans la bande visible et proche infrarouge. Ce domaine de longueur d'onde possede de multiples avantages: on dispose de sources lasers monofrequences solides, de detecteurs non refroidis et les albedos des cibles sont plus importants que dans le lointain infrarouge. Nous proposons dans ce travail une etude theorique et experimentale d'un concept de detection heterodyne grand champ angulaire insensible aux perturbations de front d'onde du signal. Pour cela, l'oscillateur local doit etre adapte au signal, c'est a dire posseder la meme direction et le meme front d'onde. Le melange a deux ondes dans un materiau photorefractif a ete selectionne pour generer l'oscillateur local a partir du signal. La validation experimentale de ce concept est realisee dans le visible. Le grand champ angulaire et l'insensibilite aux distorsions de front d'onde du signal sont demontres. L'influence du bruit optique coherent (beam fanning) sur le melange a deux ondes est etudie. Differentes techniques de reduction de ce dernier sont proposees. Le rapport signal-a-bruit de la detection heterodyne grand champ est investigue theoriquement et experimentalement. Il est compare a celui de la detection heterodyne classique. Les resultats obtenus sont compatibles avec les differentes applications envisagees. Deux d'entre elles sont etudiees (amplification coherente d'images et analyse de vibrations). De nouvelles configurations de melange a deux ondes dans le titanate de baryum sont decrites. Une maquette d'un dispositif d'analyse de vibrations fonctionnant a la longueur d'onde de la securite oculaire est presentee. Son application au controle vibratoire de pieces mecaniques est demontree
Evolutionarily Conserved Residues at Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Core Confer Ligand-induced Receptor Activation (2011)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) play important roles in insulin secretion through their receptors, GLP1R and GIPR. Although GLP-1 and GIP are attractive candidates for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, little is known regarding the molecular interaction of these peptides with the heptahelical core domain of their receptors. These core domains are important not only for specific ligand binding but also for ligand-induced receptor activation. Here, using chimeric and point-mutated GLP1R/GIPR, we determined that evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues such as Ile(196) at transmembrane helix 2, Leu(232) and Met(233) at extracellular loop 1, and Asn(302) at extracellular loop 2 of GLP1R are responsible for interaction with ligand and receptor activation. Application of chimeric GLP-1/GIP peptides together with molecular modeling suggests that His(1) of GLP-1 interacts with Asn(302) of GLP1R and that Thr(7) of GLP-1 has close contact with a binding pocket formed by Ile(196), Leu(232), and Met(233) of GLP1R. This study may provide critical clues for the development of peptide and/or nonpeptide agonists acting at GLP1R.
Concept of Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures of Yarrowia lipolytica as a Valuable Source of Sterols with Simultaneous Valorization of Molasses and Post-Frying Rapeseed Oil (2022)

Food byproduct streams can potentially be transformed into value-added products such as microbial lipids in bioprocesses based on the non-conventional Yarrowia yeast. The effect of culture conditions of Y. lipolytica KKP 379 wild strain in waste media on the efficiency of lipid accumulation, fatty acid composition, presence of selected sterols, yield and elemental composition of biomass has been studied. Batch and fed-batch bioreactor cultures were carried out in media with molasses hydrolysate (MH) and post-frying rapeseed oil. It was determined that biomass grown in MH contained more minerals than in medium with rapeseed post-frying oil. Considering the PDSC study, the Tmax of oxidation induction ranged from 10.04–26.36 min for the analyzed samples. The biomass from fed-batch cultures with MH had the highest total sterol content (68.40 mg/goil), dominated by ergosterol at 60.16 mg/g. Feeding with post-frying rapeseed oil with new doses of mineral medium promoted maintaining the cellular lipid content at a high level (30.75–31.73%) for 50 h, with maximum yield at 37.50%. The results of the experiment showed that the cellular lipid accumulation efficiency of Y. lipolytica yeast and the content of sterols in the cell membrane can be manipulated by selecting waste substrates and culture mode.
Plasma etching for industrial in-line processing of c-Si solar cells (2022)

Thinner wafers and the reduction of breakage losses make it attractive for solar cell manufacturers to use inline production systems. Closing the gap between diffusion and in-line silicon nitride deposition systems a plasma etching system has been designed suitable for a throughput of 1000 wafer/h with an automated transport system. Different plasma sources appropriate for etching large areas were tested and etch rates of around 13 Î¼m/min for saw damage removal could be reached with sufficient homogeneity. For phosphorous glass (PSG) removal selectivities between PSG and silicon above 10 could be achieved with a CF4/C2H4 etch gas mixture with sufficient PSG etch rates of around 80 nm/min. Solar cells processed with the plasma PSG removal step show slightly decreased efficiencies attributed to the plasma induced damage to the emitter layer and the silicon bulk. Further process optimization is needed to reduce this damage.
イ草染土に関する研究 (第1報)染土による泥染の効果に関する一考察 (1962)

イ草の品質は使用する染土の種類によつて変化するが,現段階においては染土のイ草に及ぼす作用そのものが未だ十分には解明されていない状態にある点に鑑み,本研究の第1段階として泥染のイ草に及ぼす機作の解明を試みた.その結果,染土作業の目的はコロイド粘土のゲル状皮膜で茎の表面を被覆する点にあること,またこのことが次の諸作用を通じて製品の品質,色調などに重要な影響を及ぼすことを明らかにした.すなわち1)乾燥過程中における効果粘土皮膜の存在によつて間接乾燥の状態となるため,乾燥は徐々に,かつ均一に進行し,このことがしわ,よぢれの生ずることを抑制し,更に葉緑素の酸化を抑えて褪色を減退させる.かつ乾燥促進の効果も若干は認められる.2)糊付の効果乾燥イに特有の直立性,柔軟性,弾力性を附与する.3)貯蔵中における効果過度の乾燥を抑制し,適温を保つ.4)色調に及ぼす効果製品の色調はイ草固有の色と附着している染土の色の綜合結果として示されることから染土の色調は製品の品質に著しい影響を与える。
Estimation of tire–road friction coefficient and its application in chassis control systems (2014)

Knowledge of tire–road friction conditions is indispensable for many vehicle control systems. In particular, friction information can be used to enhance the performance of wheel slip control systems, for example, knowledge of the current maximum coefficient of friction would allow an anti-lock brake system (ABS) controller to start braking with the optimal brake pressure, meaning the early cycles of operation are more efficient, resulting in shorter stopping distances. Also, from a passive safety perspective, it may be useful to present the driver with friction information so they can adjust their driving style to the road conditions. Hence, it is highly desirable to estimate friction using existing onboard vehicle sensor information. Many approaches for estimating tire–road friction estimation have been proposed in the literature with different sensor requirements and relative excitation levels. This paper aims at estimating the tire–road friction coefficient by using a well-defined model of the tire behavior. The model adopted for this purpose is the physically based brush tire model. In its simplest formulation, the brush model describes the relationship between the tire force and the slip as a function of two parameters, namely, tire stiffness and the tire–road friction coefficient. Knowledge of the shape of the force–slip characteristics of the tire, possibly obtained through the estimation of both friction and tire stiffness using the brush model, provides information about the slip values at which maximum friction is obtained. This information could be used to generate a target slip set point value for controllers, such as an ABS or a traction control system. It is also important to realize that a model-based approach is inherently limited to providing road surface friction information when the tire is exposed to an excitation with high utilization levels (i.e. under high-slip conditions). To be of greatest use to active safety control systems, an estimation method needs to offer earlier knowledge of the limits. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, an integrated approach using an intelligent tire-based friction estimator and the brush tire model-based estimator is presented. An integrated approach gives us the capability to reliably estimate friction for a wider range of excitations (both low-slip and high-slip conditions).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Cyclization of o‐Tolyl Isocyanides ‐ A new Synthesis of Indoles. (1977)

Abstract Auf den beiden angegebenen Wegen können in guten Ausbeuten die Indol‐Derivate (III) und (VI) synthetisiert werden.
Identification of α-Galactosyl Epitope Mimetics through Rapid Generation and Screening of C-Linked Glycopeptide Library (2003)

A general methodology has been established for rapid generation and screening of combinatorial glycopeptide library and subsequent mass spectrometric sequencing to identify the mimetics of Galalpha(1,3)Gal epitopes. Using this approach, several active glycopeptide sequences were recognized and found to inhibit the binding of human natural anti-Gal antibodies with comparable IC(50)s to synthetic Galalpha(1,3)Gal oligosaccharides. The most active glycopeptides detected from the library included Gal-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Tyr, Gal-Thr-Trp-Arg-Tyr, and Gal-Arg-Trp-Arg-Tyr. These glycopeptides showed higher affinities to anti-Gal antibodies than known Galalpha(1,3)Gal peptide mimetics, such as DAHWESWL and SSLRGF. Our results suggest that, by combining a peptide sequence (the "functional" mimic part) with a terminal alpha-linked galactose moiety (the "structural" mimic part), the resulting glycopeptide could be a very good Galalpha(1,3)Gal mimetic. Analysis of these active glycopeptides provided first-hand information regarding the binding site of anti-Gal antibodies to facilitate the structurally based design of more potent and stable inhibitors.
The Next Generation Motor Control Method: Direct Torque Control (DTC) (1995)

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is the latest AC motor control method developed by ABB, In Direct Torque Control all switch changes are based directly on the electromagnetic state of the motor. Optimum switching is determined for every control cycle on a time level of 25 microseconds. That is also the main difference between Direct Torque Control and the traditional AC drive control methods. In DTC, there is no separate voltage-and frequency-controlled PWM modulator. The switch positions of the power module are determined by a calculated stator flux and motor torque. The used selection of the switches forces The stator flux in the direction where the reference values of the torque and the stator flux are achieved. The calculation of the stator-flux is based on an accurate motor model and the measurement of the motor input voltage and current. The measurement of the shaft speed is not needed. The reference value of the torque controller either comes from speed controller or is an external reference. The torque reference is modified internally in order to keep the de intermediate voltage limited and the motor torque and the inverter current in the allowed range. Direct Torque Control offers excellent dynamic performance, with torque step rise time typically better than 2 ms. Accurate torque control can also be provided at low frequencies, including zero speed. DTC is realized by using Digital Signal Processors and ASIC technology.
Regional Regulation of Transcription in the Bovine Genome (2011)

Eukaryotic genes are distributed along chromosomes as clusters of highly expressed genes termed RIDGEs (Regions of IncreaseD Gene Expression) and lowly expressed genes termed anti-RIDGEs, interspersed among genes expressed at intermediate levels or not expressed. Previous studies based on this observation suggested a dual mechanism of gene regulation, where, in addition to transcription factors, the chromosomal domain influences the expression level of their embedded genes. The objectives here were to provide evidence for the existence of chromosomal regional regulation of transcription in the bovine genome, to analyse the genomic features of genes located within RIDGEs versus anti-RIDGEs and tissue-specific genes versus housekeeping and to examine the genomic distribution of genes subject to positive selection in bovines. Gene expression analysis of four brain tissues and the anterior pituitary of 28 cows identified 70 RIDGEs and 41 anti-RIDGEs (harbouring 3735 and 1793 bovine genes respectively) across the bovine genome which are significantly higher than expected by chance. Housekeeping genes (defined here as genes expressed in all five tissues) were over-represented within RIDGEs but tissue-specific genes (genes expressed in only one of the five tissues) were not. Housekeeping genes and genes within RIDGEs had, in general, higher expression levels and GC content but shorter gene lengths and intron lengths than tissue-specific genes and genes within anti-RIDGES. Our findings suggest the existence of chromosomal regional regulation of transcription in the bovine genome. The genomic features observed for genes within RIDGEs and housekeeping genes in bovines agree with previous studies in several other species further strengthening the hypothesis of selective pressure to keep the highly and widely expressed genes short and compact for transcriptional efficiency. Further, positively selected genes were found non-randomly distributed on the genome with a preference for RIDGEs and regions of intermediate gene expression compared to anti-RIDGEs.
Efficient network modeling of inductively coupled NFC antennas in medical wireless sensor applications (2012)

In this paper, a parametric modeling technique for a fast polynomial extraction (FPE) of the physically relevant network parameters of inductively coupled radio frequency identification / near field communication (RFID/NFC) antennas is presented. The input parameters for the approach are extracted by means of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method and the “Reduced Broadband Self-Impedance Models”. The parameters can be approximated very efficiently over the entire geometrical input parameter range of an antenna class with the presented method. The modeling approach is extended to lumped element models suitable for time domain simulations, including skin- and proximity effects. In a parameter study, the obtained network models are compared to the results of a reference PEEC solver with regard to accuracy and computation effort. Furthermore, a good agreement between simulation and measurement results is shown for an antenna configuration.
A molecular dynamics simulation of polyalanine: An analysis of equilibrium motions and helix–coil transitions (1991)

An understanding of helix dynamics can aid in interpreting the motions of proteins. The conformational transitions that occur also appear to play a role in protein folding. Structural studies of isolated peptides in solution are just becoming available. However, detailed analysis of the helix-coil transition is still not available and will be difficult to obtain experimentally. For these reasons, we performed a long molecular dynamics simulation of polyalanine at high temperature. Using this approach, we obtain a description of the overall structure and inherent flexibility of the chain as well as a structural picture of the conformational changes that occur. In this way, we can address both equilibrium properties of the peptide and the dynamics and mechanisms of the structural transitions. Our results correlate fairly well with the available experimental data and previous simulations aimed at addressing alpha-helix dynamics. The peptide spends the bulk of its time fluctuating between different conformations with intermediate helix contents. Transitions between highly ordered and highly disordered structures were rare, but they occurred rapidly. Our distribution of conformations favored collapsed states. Hence, our transitions to structures with high helical content were from fluctuating compact structures. The conversion between helix and coil occurred sequentially on a residue-by-residue basis. However, there was local cooperativity; the transition of a residue to the coil state was facilitated after a neighboring group became nonhelical. The relevance of our results to protein folding is also discussed.
[Comparative study of ultrasonography and pathology of endometrial carcinoma]. (1994)

Preoperative sonography was performed in 83 patients with a histologic diagnosis of endometrial cancer. The diagnostic accuracy was 84.3%. Five types of sonographic pattern were described. The sonographic accuracy in distinguishing deep or beyond the uterus invasion from superficial invasion was 92.8%, the specificity was 88.2%, and sensitivity was 100%. Tumor stage was correctly predicted by sonography in 95.2% of the cases.
Mechanism of action of capsaicin on submucosal arterioles in the guinea pig ileum (1993)

Vasomotor neurons in the enteric nervous system release acetylcholine to dilate submucosal arterioles, but it is not known whether sensory nerves that project to these vessels also can provide a vasodilator innervation. This possibility was examined by determining the mechanism of action of capsaicin on guinea pig ileal submucosal arterioles in vitro. Capsaicin dilated all vessels that had been preconstricted with prostaglandin F2 alpha; mean effective concentration was 11 nM, and maximal dilation occurred at 60-200 nM. The vasodilation showed marked desensitization upon repeated applications of capsaicin. Tetrodotoxin blocked the capsaicin-induced vasodilation but not the desensitization observed upon repeated application. Muscarinic receptor antagonists did not affect the actions of capsaicin. Capsaicin did not dilate arterioles whose extrinsic sensory afferent fibers had been surgically removed. Substance P and human calcitonin gene-related peptide II dilated arterioles; these dilations were not inhibited after desensitization of the capsaicin-induced vasodilation. Thus capsaicin dilates submucosal arterioles by selectively activating extrinsic afferent fibers that release vasodilator transmitter substances onto these vessels.