gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-area double-side pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films on 3-in. sapphire wafers (1996)

A pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique for YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films with CeO2 buffer layers and gold contact films on both sides of 3-in. diameter sapphire wafers, which are applied for microwave strip-line filters, is described and some results of structural and compositional characterization are given. This large-area multilayer PLD technique allows for a homogeneous and reproducible YBCO deposition on both wafer sides with inductively measured critical current densities of 3×106–5×106 A/cm2 at 77 K with a YBCO thickness of 350–500 nm. The results indicate that PLD seems to have unique capabilities for fast deposition of high-quality large area oxide multilayers.
Chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy with differential frequency generation source (2014)

A feasibility study of open-path methane detection at 3.4 μm using chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy (CLaDS) based on nonlinear differential frequency generation (DFG) laser source is performed. Application of a DFG source based on telecom laser sources and modulators allows mid-infrared CLaDS system to be optimized for measurements of gases at atmospheric conditions for which modulation in the GHz range is required. Excellent agreement between observed CLaDS signals and spectroscopic models has been observed.
Patient safety related to the use of medical devices: a review and investigation of the current status in the medical device industry (2013)

To reduce the risk of application error, the federal legislator has demanded a development process which is oriented towards usability (DIN EN 62366). Therefore, the research question concerns the application of this standard by medical device manufacturers. Questionnaires were filled out by five trained interviewers in fully standardized face-to-face interviews at MEDICA Düsseldorf 2010. The results are based on 65 interviews. Almost all companies evaluated usability as relevant for product development; however, the understanding of usability through companies can still be improved as well as increasing the amount of trained usability experts in the process.
Point-guided modeling and segmentation of myocardium for low dose cardiac CT images (2012)

Cardiac CT is emerging as a preferable modality to detect myocardial stress/rest perfusion; however the insufficient contrast of myocardium on CT image makes its segmentation difficult. In this paper, we present a point-guided modeling and deformable model-based segmentation method. This method first builds a triangular surface model of myocardium through Bézier contour fitting based on a few points selected by clinicians. Then, a deformable model-based segmentation method is developed to refine the segmentation result. The experiments on 8 cases show the accuracy of the segmentation in terms of true positive volume fraction, false positive volume fractions, and average surface distance can reach 91.0%, 0.3%, and 0.6mm, respectively. The comparison between the proposed method and a graph cut-based method is performed. The results demonstrate that this method is effective in improving the accuracy further.
Social Support, Self-Rated Health, and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Identity Disclosure to Cancer Care Providers (2014)

Creating safe environments for LGBT patients to disclose could improve cancer care delivery to this underserved population. Nurses and other providers should acknowledge and include diverse support team members in LGBT patients' care.
Novel method for halomethylation of cross-linked polystyrenes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel method for halomethylation of cross-linked polystyrenesShinichi Itsuno, Ken Uchikoshi, and Koichi ItoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 22, 8187–8188Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00178a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00178a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views792Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A high-throughput multiplex array for antigen-specific serology with automated analysis (2023)

Abstract High-throughput customizable CBA automated script-based analysis The utility of high-throughput systems to evaluate antigen-specific antibody (Ab) has been highlighted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Pathogen-specific Ab levels are often used to assess protection following vaccination and, in the case of novel pathogens, an indication of prior exposure. Several platforms exist to visualize antigen-specific Ab, however most are not quantitative and are difficult to scale for population level studies. Additionally, the sensitivity across platforms differs making direct comparisons between studies difficult. Cytometric bead arrays (CBA) are an attractive platform for antigen-specific Ab measurements as they can be used to assess Ab reactivity against several antigens and of several isotypes to be performed simultaneously. Additionally, CBAs exhibit high sensitivity and can be designed to provide quantitative measurements. Using commercially available particles, a biotin-Streptavidin bead loading strategy, and the inclusion of indirect standards, we describe a flexible system that can be modified to include a variety of antigens. Here we describe two arrays, focused on antigens derived from either β-coronaviruses or influenza virus. To support the high-throughput capacity of this system, we developed a suit of automated software tools, the CBA Toolbox, to process raw data into antigen-reactive IgM, IgA, and IgG concentrations. We describe quality control requirements, assay performance, and normalizations to accurately quantitate antigen-specific Ig.
One-step synthesis of CoNi2S4 nanoparticles for supercapacitor electrodes (2014)

A one-step solvothermal process is developed to synthesize novel CoNi2S4 nanoparticles. When applied as electrode materials of supercapacitors, CoNi2S4 nanoparticles with lower cost of production exhibit better electrochemical performances, i.e.: higher specific capacitance, better rate capability, and higher energy density which make it a promising electrode candidate material for next generation supercapacitors.
Computer Cooking Contest 2010: Workshop at the Eighteenth International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (2010)

International audience
Identifying key regulators of CD4 T cell function in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lung using systems analysis (2016)

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is the leading infectious killer worldwide and an effective vaccine remains elusive. Although CD4 T cells are known to be important for protection, the specific requirements for a protective CD4 response are unclear. Our lab has shown that differences in antigen exposure drive significant phenotypic variation within Mtb-specific CD4 T cells. CD4 T cells specific for the Mtb protein Ag85B, which is only expressed early during infection, remain capable of robust cytokine production. Conversely, T cells specific for ESAT-6, which is expressed for the duration of infection, exhibit blunted cytokine production. To identify regulators that govern this T cell exhaustion, we employed a systems biology approach. We performed RNA-seq on unstimulated and stimulated Ag85B and ESAT-6-specific CD4 T cells isolated from the lungs of Mtb-infected mice and used cMonkey, a biclustering algorithm, to create gene clusters based on expression patterns and identify transcription factors predicted to regulate the clusters. This analysis revealed eight transcription factors that were themselves differentially expressed between Ag85B and ESAT-6-specific CD4 T cells and also predicted to regulate clusters of differentially expressed genes. We are currently focusing our analysis on two of these transcription factors, VDR and Lyl-1. Mtb infection of WT:VDR−/− mixed bone marrow chimeras have validated the systems-based predictions by showing that VDR regulates distinct processes in Ag85B-specific compared to ESAT-6-specific CD4 T cells. Understanding the disparate regulatory pathways operant in functional vs. exhausted T cells may inform new avenues for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis.
Rapid identification of stabilisers in polypropylene using time-of-flight mass spectrometry and DART as ion source (2009)

A method for analysing plastic samples without any sample pretreatment using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was developed. DART-MS allows the direct, simple and rapid identification of polymer additives in plastic products. To demonstrate the suitability of DART-MS for the detection of a wide range of commonly employed stabilising agents, a test set of 21 stabilisers was selected. In a first step standard solutions of these stabilisers in toluene as well as toluene-extracts from polymer samples were analysed. Subsequently, to prove the applicability of the developed DART-MS method also for the direct analysis of plastic products, samples of polypropylene containing a range of stabilisers were prepared using a lab-scale compounder. Polymer samples were cut into 0.5 cm wide pieces and directly placed into the DART ion source. Focusing on the DART ionisation, several parameters like discharge needle potential, potential of the grid electrode and the discharge electrode, the heater temperature and the gas flow had to be varied to guarantee optimum results. Both positive and negative ionisation was tested, whereby the positive ion mode led to higher signal intensities for all analytes. Determination of accurate masses to improve the certainty in signal assignment could be achieved by using PEG 600 as an internal standard for mass calibration. The developed method allowed the detection of all selected additives (including some of their degradation products) in real polymer samples.
Helical insertion of peptidoglycan produces chiral ordering of the bacterial cell wall (2012)

The regulation of cell shape is a common challenge faced by organisms across all biological kingdoms. In nearly all bacteria, cell shape is determined by the architecture of the peptidoglycan cell wall, a macromolecule consisting of glycan strands crosslinked by peptides. In addition to shape, cell growth must also maintain the wall structural integrity to prevent lysis due to large turgor pressures. Robustness can be accomplished by establishing a globally ordered cell-wall network, although how a bacterium generates and maintains peptidoglycan order on the micron scale using nanometer-sized proteins remains a mystery. Here, we demonstrate that left-handed chirality of the MreB cytoskeleton in the rod-shaped bacterium Escherichia coli gives rise to a global, right-handed chiral ordering of the cell wall. Local, MreB-guided insertion of material into the peptidoglycan network naturally orders the glycan strands and causes cells to twist left-handedly during elongational growth. Through comparison with the right-handed twisting of Bacillus subtilis cells, our work supports a common mechanism linking helical insertion and chiral cell-wall ordering in rod-shaped bacteria. These physical principles of cell growth link the molecular structure of the bacterial cytoskeleton, mechanisms of wall synthesis, and the coordination of cell-wall architecture.
Agent-based support for public information kiosks (1996)

KIMSAC-Kiosk-based Integrated Multimedia Service Access for Citizens-is a project supported by the EU&apos;s ACTS programme. It aims to provide a flexible way for citizens to access intricate and complex information provided on public information kiosks. To provide a high degree of usability, the concept of a personal service assistant (PSA) is used in this project, and is realised through adding the agent dimension to a multimedia presentation. Although the concept of the PSA is to help the client during an interactive session with the system, that is, attempting to determine the competence of the user and so modify the interface accordingly, the authors expect more from the PSA. The characteristics which a PSA should exhibit are, to be able to (a) carry out dialogue with the client, (b) provide a tone which builds trust in the client, (c) assist the client at varying levels of interface interaction (d) give assistance when the client has problems or the presentation fails and (e) let the client take control when appropriate. (3 pages)
Uncooled infrared sensor technology for hostile fire indication systems (2011)

An evolving combat arena poses an ever-growing hostile fire threat for various ground and airborne targets. Protecting both static posts and moving military platforms against these threats require high performance and affordable solutions, favoring uncooled sensing alert technologies. By analyzing accumulated target and clutter data using new algorithmic and hardware building blocks we establish improved hostile fire indication system configurations. The paper will review new system demonstrations harnessing uncooled IR sensors technology alongside empirical field testing results.
Noise characterisation in CMOS APS imagers for highly integrated imaging systems (2001)

The design of active pixel image sensors (APS) fabricated in traditional CMOS foundries has been a topic of renewed interest in the last several years. The noise reduction is a key issue and often defines the sensitivity or detection limit. In this paper, a thorough noise analysis is made of the expected performance of the APS imagers. White noise and low-frequency (LF) noise sets a fundamental limit on APS performance, especially for low-light applications. Therefore, a detailed theoretical analysis of the in-pixel amplifier and the readout circuit response to the LF noise is investigated. Some experimental LF noise results obtained at room temperature on N-channel MOSFETs fabricated using a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS process are presented. We show that the LF noise spectra generated by small area MOSFETs are Lorentzian rather than pure 1/f shape chiefly for the weak inversion mode. Next, using PSPICE simulations, the noise due to the readout circuit during integration is carried out.
Tunable nanophotonic delay lines using linearly chirped contradirectional couplers with uniform Bragg gratings (2014)

We demonstrate an integrated tunable optical delay line in grating-assisted contradirectional couplers using a CMOS-compatible photonic technology. The input signal is delayed through dispersive Bragg gratings and distributedly coupled to the drop port of the coupler without backreflections. This add-drop design enables monolithic integration of grating-based delay lines without using optical circulators. The gratings are formed by slab perturbations in rib waveguides, with the index chirping realized by linearly tapering the rib widths. Both the pitch and size of the gratings are constant through the entire coupler, for a higher tolerance to fabrication errors. Continuous tuning of the optical group delay of up to 96 ps has been obtained, with a low insertion loss of less than 2 dB and a negative chromatic dispersion of -11 ps/nm that allows for bit rates of up to almost 100 Gb/s at the maximal delay. The device has a small footprint of 0.015 mm2, and can be used for on-chip optical buffering, dispersion compensation, and pulse compression.
Minority carrier capture at DX centers in AlGaSb Schottky diodes (1998)

Hole capture at DX centers is evidenced in Schottky diodes made on Te-doped AlGaSb under forward bias conditions. Capacitance versus voltage measurements performed at low temperatures show that the occupancy of the DX centers is affected by sufficiently large forward biases. The current densities required to achieve such modifications are at least one order of magnitude smaller than those needed in Si-doped AlGaAs. Positive deep level transient spectroscopy signals are systematically detected in all the samples studied when forward-bias filling pulses are used. These observations are discussed in terms of minority carrier (hole) injection and subsequent capture by the DX centers.
Trends in Australian contact lens prescribing 2009 (2009)

*This article is free to read on the publisher's website*

The 12th annual survey of Australian contact lens prescribing was conducted between January and April 2011, employing the same format as in previous years. About 3,000 optometrist members of Optometrists Association Australia were sent an e-mail message with a link to a downloadable questionnaire, and a request that this be accessed, printed and completed to provide details of the first 10 patients fitted with contact lenses after receipt of the questionnaire.
Hypothalamic miRNAs: emerging roles in energy balance control (2015)

The hypothalamus is a crucial central nervous system area controlling appetite, body weight and metabolism. It consists in multiple neuronal types that sense, integrate and generate appropriate responses to hormonal and nutritional signals partly by fine-tuning the expression of specific batteries of genes. However, the mechanisms regulating these neuronal gene programmes in physiology and pathophysiology are not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression that recently emerged as pivotal modulators of systemic metabolism. In this article we will review current evidence indicating that miRNAs in hypothalamic neurons are also implicated in appetite and whole-body energy balance control.
Three cases of diarrhoea from Penang, Malaysia (1996)

Three persons who had travelled to Penang, Malaysia during the outbreak of cholera in May presented with diarrhoea on their return to Australia. Vibrio cholerae, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor was isolated from one case. Salmonella group C and Salmonella enteritidis were isolated from the other cases. These reports highlight the need for travellers to follow precautions regarding consumption of food and beverages when travelling overseas.
An update on the DPL overlay discontinuity (2008)

It could be argued that the biggest challenge of the 32 nm half pitch node is the production implementation of double patterning lithography. Within the framework of this broad domain, a specific challenge which has been highlighted is overlay control due to the sharing between two exposures the overlay control allocation of a single patterning step. The models used in the literature to support this assertion are reviewed and compared with recent results. An analysis of the implications for overlay metrology performance and cost of ownership is presented and compared with actual capabilities currently available with both imaging and scatterometry sensor technology. Technology matching between imaging and scatterometry emerges as a requirement to enable combined imaging scatterometry overlay control use cases.
An Enhanced Media Independent Handover Framework for Heterogeneous Networks (2008)

Seamless mobility in heterogeneous networks is difficult to be achieved because of various QoS requirements and complex heterogeneous network environments. Media independent handover (MIH) is used to handle such problem in IEEE 802.21 standard. However, only link layer dependent information is involved for the mobility decision. In this paper, an enhanced media independent handover (EMIH) framework and mobility management mechanism are proposed, in which new function entities (FEs) and modules are defined and used to provide link layer and application layer information from client side and network side to mobility decision engine. Compared with MIH, the EMIH provides more sufficient and comprehensive trigger events. The static and dynamic information are collected flexibly at mobile node (MN) and within the network infrastructure. Various handover types are designed to make use of such information to optimize the handover, which is illustrated by an example in this paper. The proposed EMIH architecture can benefit not only mobile users, but also network operators.
LANGUAGE DISCRIMINATION RESPONSE LATENCIES IN TWO-MONTH-OLD INFANTS (1998)

There is increasing evidence that infants can discriminate native and non-native speech from an early age. Prosody may be essential to this ability. In this paper, we assess the amount of linguistic information needed by two-month-old infants to recognize whether or not a sentence belongs to their native language. We conducted a cross-linguistic study of French and American 2-month old infants, measuring the latency of the first ocular saccade toward a loudspeaker playing short French and English utterances. The results indicated a significant interaction between the infants&amp;apos; nationality and the language of the stimuli. Infants oriented faster to their native language, even when the utterances were short (1.2 s mean). However, eliminating the prosodic organization (scrambled words condition) of the sentences, neutralized the effect. The results confirm that prosody plays a predominant role when young infants process continuous speech, and that short utterances are sufficient to recognize a language as long as prosodic information is present and coherent across the utterance.
Chromatin stretch enhancer states drive cell-specific gene regulation and harbor human disease risk variants (2013)

Chromatin-based functional genomic analyses and genomewide association studies (GWASs) together implicate enhancers as critical elements influencing gene expression and risk for common diseases. Here, we performed systematic chromatin and transcriptome profiling in human pancreatic islets. Integrated analysis of islet data with those from nine cell types identified specific and significant enrichment of type 2 diabetes and related quantitative trait GWAS variants in islet enhancers. Our integrated chromatin maps reveal that most enhancers are short (median = 0.8 kb). Each cell type also contains a substantial number of more extended (≥ 3 kb) enhancers. Interestingly, these stretch enhancers are often tissue-specific and overlap locus control regions, suggesting that they are important chromatin regulatory beacons. Indeed, we show that (i) tissue specificity of enhancers and nearby gene expression increase with enhancer length; (ii) neighborhoods containing stretch enhancers are enriched for important cell type-specific genes; and (iii) GWAS variants associated with traits relevant to a particular cell type are more enriched in stretch enhancers compared with short enhancers. Reporter constructs containing stretch enhancer sequences exhibited tissue-specific activity in cell culture experiments and in transgenic mice. These results suggest that stretch enhancers are critical chromatin elements for coordinating cell type-specific regulatory programs and that sequence variation in stretch enhancers affects risk of major common human diseases.