gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESAT-6 fromMycobacterium tuberculosisDissociates from Its Putative Chaperone CFP-10 under Acidic Conditions and Exhibits Membrane-Lysing Activity (2007)

The 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target ESAT-6 and the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are secreted by the ESX-1 system into the host cell and thereby contribute to pathogenicity. Although different studies performed at the organismal and cellular levels have helped to explain ESX-1-associated phenomena, not much is known about how ESAT-6 and CFP-10 contribute to pathogenesis at the molecular level. In this study we describe the interaction of both proteins with lipid bilayers, using biologically relevant liposomal preparations containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol. Using flotation gradient centrifugation, we demonstrate that ESAT-6 showed strong association with liposomes, and in particular with preparations containing DMPC and cholesterol, whereas the interaction of CFP-10 with membranes appeared to be weaker and less specific. Most importantly, binding to the biomembranes no longer occurred when the proteins were present as a 1:1 ESAT-6.CFP-10 complex. However, lowering of the pH resulted in dissociation of the protein complex and subsequent protein-liposome interaction. Finally, cryoelectron microscopy revealed that ESAT-6 destabilized and lysed liposomes, whereas CFP-10 did not. In conclusion, we propose that one of the main features of ESAT-6 in the infection process of M. tuberculosis is the interaction with biomembranes that occurs after dissociation from its putative chaperone CFP-10 under acidic conditions typically encountered in the phagosome.
The viability of anisotropic conductive film (ACF) as a flip chip interconnection technology (2002)

The use of anisotropic conductive film (ACF) to form the interconnection between the die and the substrate is one potential variation of flip chip technology. Its appeal comes with the ability to make very fine pitch interconnects not feasible with solder, avoidance of lead (Pb), certain desirable electrical and mechanical properties, and simpler and lower temperature processing. The principal concerns with ACF are its long-term reliability and stability, and consistent electrical performance of the particulate interconnects. In this paper, results of rigorous process development and reliability testing using a set of test vehicles covering both CSP and PBGA package formats are discussed and analyzed. Two different low-cost bump structures on the die side and a few different substrate materials and designs were investigated. Since the application of the ACF material and thermo-compression attachment of the chip are two unique steps in the package assembly process, extensive design of experiments (DOE) was performed. Developmental reliability testing was done to gain insight into the failure mechanisms of these type of interconnects. Systematic refinements in the assembly process, the material choice and design rules for the die and substrates were made based on the understanding developed from these investigations.
Predicting elastic properties and permeability of rocks from 2D thin sections (2018)

Abstract Predicting rock elastic properties and permeability from high-resolution 2D thin sections has been a challenging problem in rock physics because the 2D thin sections reveal very little about how the microstructure connects in the third dimension. However, 2D thin sections are widely available and inexpensive because they are often produced as a part of the reservoir-quality workflow. Furthermore, they have much higher resolution and greater field of view than micro X-ray computed tomography images, which are commonly used for rock properties estimation. The 2D thin sections we studied are from various hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formations with a variety of provenances, depositional environments, and burial histories. The high-resolution 2D images were scanned from these physical 2D thin sections. K-means segmentation was then employed to identify different minerals and pores for creating 2D binary images. The focus of this study is to simulate 2D elastic properties and permeability from 2D thin sections and then to employ various empirical relations to transform these 2D simulation results to 3D intrinsic rock properties. We compared the rock properties from this process to those from core measurements and measured wireline logs and found that these 2D to 3D rock property transformations yield promising results, especially for elastic properties. The results show that 2D thin section images have high enough resolution to resolve grain contacts very well. Predicting the permeability from 2D thin sections is still challenging since the process requires fitting the physical equation in order to retrieve the fitting coefficient for prediction due to our lack of understanding of the difference between 2D and 3D pore size distribution.
A Lost City Discovered? (1975)

Research Article| January 01 1975 A Lost City Discovered? J. G. T. Anderson, J. G. T. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. K. Anderson J. K. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California Studies in Classical Antiquity (1975) 8: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2307/25010677 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. G. T. Anderson, J. K. Anderson; A Lost City Discovered?. California Studies in Classical Antiquity 1 January 1975; 8 1–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25010677 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentClassical Antiquity Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1976 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Secure Transmission for Hierarchical Information Accessibility in Downlink MU-MIMO (2021)

Physical layer security is a useful tool to prevent confidential information from wiretapping. In this paper, we consider a generalized model of conventional physical layer security, referred to as hierarchical information accessibility (HIA). A main feature of the HIA model is that a network has a hierarchy in information accessibility, wherein decoding feasibility is determined by a priority of users. Under this HIA model, we formulate a sum secrecy rate maximization problem with regard to precoding vectors. This problem is challenging since multiple non-smooth functions are involved into the secrecy rate to fulfill the HIA conditions and also the problem is non-convex. To address the challenges, we approximate the minimum function by using the LogSumExp technique, thereafter obtain the first-order optimality condition. One key observation is that the derived condition is cast as a functional eigenvalue problem, where the eigenvalue is equivalent to the approximated objective function of the formulated problem. Accordingly, we show that finding a principal eigenvector is equivalent to finding a local optimal solution. To this end, we develop a novel method called generalized power iteration for HIA (GPI-HIA). Simulations demonstrate that the GPI-HIA significantly outperforms other baseline methods in terms of the secrecy rate.
239 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of 28 days of oral dimethandrolone undecanoate in healthy men: a prototype male pill (2018)

Purpose of studyDimethandrolone (DMA) and its undecanoate ester (DMAU) are modified testosterone (T) derivatives that have androgenic and progestational actions, suppress gonadotropins, maintain androgenic effects and inhibit spermatogenesis in pre-clinical studies. A first-in-men study showed that
The UOSAT microwave beacons (1982)

The paper discusses the design and construction of the UOSA T microwave beacons. Several interesting design features are apparent, and these have been employed in an attempt to provide space-borne microwave transmissions for use with low-cost ground stations. In particular, difficulties due to excessive range loss have been partially overcome by the use of sophisticated design techniques, without the need for high power consumption from the satellite.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Sustained Elevation of Intracellular Ca2+ in Rodent Microglia (2009)

Microglia are intrinsic immune cells that release factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, NO, and neurotrophins, following activation after disturbance in the brain. Elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) is important for microglial functions, such as the release of cytokines and NO from activated microglia. There is increasing evidence suggesting that pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is related to the inflammatory responses mediated by microglia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin well known for its roles in the activation of microglia as well as in pathophysiology and/or treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we observed that BDNF induced a sustained increase in [Ca(2+)]i through binding with the truncated tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor, resulting in activation of the PLC pathway and store-operated calcium entry in rodent microglial cells. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical techniques revealed that truncated tropomyosin-related kinase B-T1 receptors were highly expressed in rodent microglial cells. Sustained activation of store-operated calcium entry occurred after brief BDNF application and contributed to the maintenance of sustained [Ca(2+)]i elevation. Pretreatment with BDNF significantly suppressed the release of NO from activated microglia. Additionally, pretreatment of BDNF suppressed the IFN-gamma-induced increase in [Ca(2+)]i, along with a rise in basal levels of [Ca(2+)]i in rodent microglial cells. We show direct evidence that rodent microglial cells are able to respond to BDNF, which may be important for the regulation of inflammatory responses, and may also be involved in the pathophysiology and/or the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Design, manufacturing and testing of Pd-membranes and membrane reactors for detritiation processes (2015)

Pd-based dense membranes are used to separate hydrogen isotopes with infinite selectivity. Membrane modules have been studied for several detritiation processes in the fuel cycle of fusion reactors: plasma exhaust treatment, tritium extraction from the breeding blanket and detritiation of highly tritiated water.
Manipulator Configurations Based on Rotary-Linear (R-L) Actuators and Their Direct and Inverse Kinematics (1988)

In this paper, a new type of two-degree-of-freedom actuator called the rotary-linear (R-L) actuator is described. The R-L actuator permits a rotation and a translation along the axis of rotation, thus simulating a cylinder pair. The R-L actuators are then used in type synthesis of mechanical manipulator chains. Closed-loop three-, four, five, and six-degree-of-freedom chains containing four to nine links, R-L actuators, revolute pairs (R), prismatic pairs (P), cylindrical pairs (C), and spheric pairs (S) are then obtained. A class of manipulator configurations where the hand is connected to the ground via six-degree-of-freedom dyads or triads and containing three grounded R-L actuators is treated for inverse kinematics. Since all the actuators are on the ground in this configuration, higher payload capacities and smaller actuator sizes can be expected from these configurations. In addition, generally, the computations required for inverse kinematics are also significantly less than those required for serial link open-loop manipulators. The direct kinematics, however, is much more involved and computationally intensive for these manipulators than for serial-link manipulators. The direct kinematics of an example manipulator is derived and requires solution of a 16th-order polynomial equation. Numerical examples are presented for illustration.
Versatile Flow-Based Automatic Reaction Optimization Platform (2018)

Key words C–N cross-coupling - automation - diarylamines - arylation - reaction optimization
A Quantitative Geo-Evaluation of Crowdsourcing and Wisdom of the Crowd (2014)

The revolution of web 2.0 has brought the development of two important working methodologies: Crowdsourcing and Wisdom of the Crowd. The two are widely used today in a variety of research and working fields, let alone within the mapping and geo-information discipline. Still, these two terms are commonly misused and replaced. This paper aims at distinguishing between the two, via the quantitative and theoretical examination of two widely used location based services: OpenStreetMap (OSM), and Waze. Four indices are defined and examined within the scope of this research, aiming to investigate and emphasize on the differences existing between the two terms in respect to these services, namely: diversity, decentralization, independency, and aggregation. It was found that OSM is a very good example to a crowdsourcing project and Waze is more wisdom of the crowd project than crowdsourcing project.
MBE back-illuminated silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for enhanced ultraviolet response (2011)

We have demonstrated a wafer-scale back-illumination process for silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays using Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) for backside passivation. Critical to this fabrication process is support of the thin (&lt; 10 &mu;m) detector during the MBE growth by oxide-bonding to a full-thickness silicon wafer. This back-illumination process makes it possible to build low-dark-count-rate single-photon detectors with high quantum efficiency extending to deep ultraviolet wavelengths. This paper reviews our process for fabricating MBE back-illuminated silicon Geigermode avalanche photodiode arrays and presents characterization of initial test devices.
Bone Regeneration on a Collagen Sponge Self-Assembled Peptide-Amphiphile Nanofiber Hybrid Scaffold (2007)

The objective of this study was to create a novel approach to promote bone induction through sustained release of growth factor from a 3-dimensional (3D) hybrid scaffold. Peptide-amphiphile (PA) was synthesized by standard solid-phase chemistry that ends with the alkylation of the NH2 terminus of the peptide. Collagen sponge was reinforced by incorporation of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fiber. A 3D network of nanofibers was formed by mixing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) suspensions with dilute aqueous solutions of PA. A hybrid scaffold was fabricated by combination of self-assembled PA nanofibers and collagen sponge reinforced with incorporation of PGA fibers. The in vitro release profile of bFGF from hybrid scaffold was investigated, and ectopic bone formation induced by the released bFGF was assessed after subcutaneous implantation of hybrid scaffold into the backs of rats. Homogeneous bone formation was histologically observed throughout the hybrid scaffolds, in marked contrast to collagen sponge-incorporated bFGF. The level of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin content at the implanted sites of hybrid scaffolds were significantly high compared with collagen sponge incorporated with bFGF. The combination of bFGF incorporated in a collagen sponge self-assembled PA nanofiber hybrid scaffold is a promising procedure to improve bone regeneration.
The Influence of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Structural Domains on Clinical Outcomes and Associated Toxicities (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of B cell malignancies, improving patient survival and long-term remission. Nonetheless, over 50% of patients experience severe treatment-related toxicities including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. Differences in severity of toxic side-effects among anti-CD19 CARs suggest that the choice of costimulatory domain makes a significant contribution to toxicity, but comparisons are complicated by additional differences in the hinge and transmembrane (TM) domains of the most commonly used CARs in the clinic, segments that have long been considered to perform purely structural roles. In this perspective, we examine clinical and preclinical data for anti-CD19 CARs with identical antigen-binding (FMC63) and signalling (CD3ζ) domains to unravel the contributions of different hinge-TM and costimulatory domains. Analysis of clinical trials highlights an association of the CD28 hinge-TM with higher incidence of CRS and neurotoxicity than the corresponding sequences from CD8, regardless of whether the CD28 or the 4-1BB costimulatory domain is used. The few preclinical studies that have systematically varied these domains similarly support a strong and independent role for the CD28 hinge-TM sequence in high cytokine production. These observations highlight the value that a comprehensive and systematic interrogation of each of these structural domains could provide toward developing fundamental principles for rational design of safer CAR-T cell therapies.
Protective Organic Coatings (2015)

Volume 5B addresses the subject of organic protective coatings, the most widely used preventative in the battle with rust and corrosion. It covers the entire spectrum of organic coating materials from acrylics, alkyds, and epoxies to powder coats, waxes, and zinc-rich blends. It compares and contrasts coating properties, describes where and how specific coatings are used, and presents qualification testing and surface preparation procedures. The volume also provides introductory information on chemistry, composition, and the role of pigments, resins, additives, and solvents. For information on the print version of Volume 5B, ISBN: 978-1-62708-081-1, follow this link.
Curie temperatures of annealed FePt nanoparticle systems (2007)

The chemically synthesized FexPt100−x nanoparticles with controlled compositions were annealed to transfer the disordered face-centered-cubic structure to the ordered structure. It was found that the L10 FePt structure can be formed in the wide compositional region of x=40–68, and lower or higher Fe content leads to formation of the L12 FePt3 or Fe3Pt phase, respectively. The Néel temperature of L12 FePt3 phase and Curie temperatures (TC) of L10 FePt and L12 Fe3Pt phases are all strongly composition dependent. The room-temperature saturation magnetization has an abnormal dependence on x which is caused by the low TC of Fe3Pt phase with x=75–79. The big difference in TC between the heating and cooling thermomagnetic curves of the Fe–Pt alloys with x=79–90 can be attributed to the difference of α⇔γ phase transition temperature during heating and cooling. On the other hand, TC of the L10 FePt nanoparticles was found to be strongly size dependent.
Bayesian Modeling and Forecasting of Intraday Electricity Load (2003)

The advent of wholesale electricity markets has brought renewed focus on intraday electricity load forecasting. This article proposes a multi-equation regression model with a diagonal first-order stationary vector autoregresson (VAR) for modeling and forecasting intraday electricity load. The correlation structure of the disturbances to the VAR and the appropriate subset of regressors are explored using Bayesian model selection methodology. The full spectrum of finite-sample inference is obtained using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme. This includes the predictive distribution of load and the distribution of the time and level of daily peak load, something that is difficult to obtain with other methods of inference. The method is applied to several multiequation models of half-hourly total system load in New South Wales, Australia. A detailed model based on 3 years of data reveals trend, seasonal, bivariate temperature/humidity, and serial correlation components that all vary intraday, justifying the assumption of a multiequation approach. Short-term forecasts from simple models highlight the gains that can be made if accurate temperature predictions are exploited. Bayesian predictive means for half-hourly load compare favorably with point forecasts obtained using iterated generalized least squares estimation of the same models.
From child to adult : the Dunedin multidisciplinary health and development study (1996)

1: Phil Silva: An Introduction to the Study. 2: Phil Silva: Some Aspects of Health and Development in the Early Years. 3: Avshalom Caspi, Allan Harkness, Terrie E Moffit, Phil Silva: Continuity and Change in Human Development: Lessons We Have Learned From the Study of Intellectual Performance. 4: M R Sears, E M Flannery, G P Herbison, M D Holdaway: Asthma. 5: Ian St George, Sheila Williams: How High Blood Pressure Tracks Through Childhood. 6: Janet Gafford, Phil Silva, John D Langley: Injuries. 7: Ian Stewart, Phil Silva: Otitis Media With Effusion. 8: R Harvey Brown: The Dental Section of the Study. 9: Rob McGee, Michael Feehan, Sheila Williams: Mental Health. 10: Terrie Moffit, Hona Lee Harrington: Delinquency Across Development: The Natural History of Antisocial Behaviour. 11: Warren Stanton: Progression in the Use of Tobacco, Alcohol and Other Drugs. 12: Sally Caswell: Growiwng Up and Learning About Drinking: Children in Dunedin in the 1980s. 13: Nigel Dickson: Sexual Behaviour in Late Adolescence. 14: Shiela Williams, Rob McGee: Adolescents' Views of Their Strengths. 15: Jan Pryor, Lianne Woodward: Families and Parenting. 16: Phil Silva: The Future of the Study
Effects of rotation on measurement of lower limb alignment for knee osteotomy (2004)

The purposes of this study were to clarify the effects of rotation on two-dimensional measurement of lower limb alignment for knee osteotomy using a three-dimensional method and to determine whether this 3-D simulation method could help with planning of knee osteotomy. We developed computer software to calculate femorotibial angle (FTA) and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and simulate knee osteotomy from a CT-based 3-D bone model of the lower limb. Lower limb rotation on anteroposterior long-standing radiographs was measured by superimposing the 3-D bone models. Changes in alignment with limb rotation were calculated using the software. FTA after virtual closed-wedged osteotomy was measured for a hypothetical case of a rotation error of the osteotomy plane in reattaching the proximal cutting surface to the distal cutting surface. For 31 varus knees in 20 patients with medial compartment arthritis, the mean rotation angle, relative to the epicondylar axis, with variable limb position was 7.4 +/- 3.9 degrees of internal rotation (mean +/- SD), ranging from 8 degrees of external rotation to 14 degrees of internal rotation; the mean changes in FTA and HKA were 3.5 +/- 2.2 degrees (range, 0.4-8.6) and 1.6 +/- 1.3 degrees (range, 0.2-4.9), respectively. The FTA "flexion angle" (lateral view alignment from neutral AP) and the absolute HKA "flexion angle" correlated with the change in FTA and HKA with limb rotation, respectively (FTA, R = 0.999; HKA, R = 0.993). The mean change in FTA after virtual closed-wedged osteotomy was 3.2 degrees for internal and external 10 degrees rotation errors in reattaching the osteotomy plane. Rotation may affect measurement of lower limb alignment for knee osteotomy, and 3-D methods are preferable for surgical planning.