gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Friction and Wear of Carbon Fibre Filled Polymer Composites at Room and Low Temperatures (2004)

Abstract In the cryogenic temperature range common lubricants solidify and therefore, they cannot be applied. Thus, for tribosystems in low temperature environment technical solutions based on good dry lubricating properties of the materials themselves must be found. In this concern polymers are of great interest, because they show comparatively high mechanical strength at low density, and they often possess favourable friction and wear properties at low temperatures. This work presents investigations on the tribological behaviour of carbon fibre (CF) filled PTFE and PEEK composites in a cryogenic environment (liquid nitrogen; T = −196 °C). In general, these materials clearly exhibit lower friction and wear properties at low temperatures than at room temperature, which can be explained mainly by the temperature dependence of the mechanical strength. With increasing amount of carbon fibres in both composites, friction and wear increase. The optimal composition was found to be at 5 wt.% CF for the friction and 15 wt.% CF for the wear values. At low temperatures, the percentage of carbon fibres in PTFE and PEEK composites has not such an important influence as it has at room temperature.
Production of Hydrogen from Biomass by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Fast Pyrolysis Oils (1998)

Hydrogen is of great interest as the cleanest fuel for power generation using fuel cells and for transportation. Biomass can be thermochemically converted to hydrogen via two distinct strategies: (1) gasification followed by shift conversion, and (2) fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by catalytic steam reforming and shift conversion of specific fractions. This paper presents the latter route. The process begins with fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil, which (as a whole or its selected fractions) can be converted to hydrogen via catalytic steam reforming followed by a shift conversion step. Such a process has been demonstrated at the bench scale using model compounds and the aqueous fraction of poplar oil with commercial nickel-based steam-reforming catalysts. Hydrogen yields as high as 85% of the stoichiometric value have been obtained. Initial catalyst activity can be maintained through periodic regeneration via steam or carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification of the carbonaceous deposits.
Immunodiagnostic et immunociblage du virus de l'immunodeficience feline (1993)

Dans le but de localiser des regions epitopiques potentielles de la proteine enveloppe du virus de l'immunodeficience feline, nous avons analyse sa sequence en utilisant des programmes informatiques d'antigenicite. Ces epitopes potentiels etant trop nombreux (superieures a 30), nous avons selectionne 5 peptides en se basant sur les proprietes biochimiques du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine. Les resultats obtenus avec 3 (p99, p100, et p102) de ces 5 peptides ont permis de detecter une seropositivite dans 88% des serums de chats infectes. Dans le but de developper un immunodiagnostic totalement fiable dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons utilise une banque aleatoire de peptides de l'enveloppe de la souche wo du virus de l'immunodeficience feline fusionnes avec la galactosidase. Nous avons teste cette banque avec des serums de chats infectes, et nous avons definit 2 nouveaux peptides p237 et p240 dont l'un, p237, s'est revele comme etant un epitope permettant un immunodiagnostic avec une fiabilite de 100% (sur 264 serums de chats testes). Dans la deuxieme partie de nos travaux nous avons utilise les peptides p100, p102, ainsi que p253 et p254 (contenant respectivement les sequences de p237 et p240) pour produire des anticorps polyclonaux susceptibles de reconnaitre l'enveloppe du virus de l'immunodeficience feline. Ces anticorps anti-peptides ont ete couples avec la glucose oxydase, la d-amino acide oxydase et la lactoperoxydase. Seuls les immunoconjugues formes de lactoperoxydase et d'anticorps anti-254 utilises en tandem avec les immunoconjugues formes de d-amino acide oxydase ou de glucose oxydase et d'anticorps anti-254, ont montre une activite cytotoxique specifique sur des cellules chroniquement infectes par le virus de l'immunodeficience feline
Capillarity‐induced patterning of thin polymer films and related regular dewetting structures (2007)

Abstract When a thin polymer film is spin‐coated on a solid substrate and heated above its glass transition temperature (T g ) while in conformal contact with a patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold, capillarity forces the polymer melt to fill up the void space of the mold, thereby forming a negative replica of the polymer after mold removal. In this study, particular emphasis is given to the nodal dewetting phenomenon in a thin, laterally confined polymer film that sticks to a substrate. When heated above the glass transition temperature, the film dewets from the substrate through the generation of nodal waves, with the PDMS wall acting as a node. Various superposed waves were observed depending on the intrinsic period of dewetting and the confining width of the cavity.
Herbicides, Pyridine Carboxylate (2002)

Abstract The pyridinecaboxylates, dithiopyr, and thiazopyr are a new class of mitotic inhibitor herbicides used for the control of grasses and small‐seeded broadleaf weeds in turf, rice, and oranges and grapefruits. Dithiopyr and thiazopyr are the commercial entries from a large patent estate and share the common characteristic of having bis‐pentafluoro alkyl substitutions at the 2′ and 6′ positions on a pyridine ring. The pyridineczrboxylates have high unit activity, low water solubility, and bind tightly to organic matter, properties that are similar to the dinitroaniline herbicides. The pyridinecarboxylates have low mammalian and avian toxicity, and they are rapidly metabolized and eliminated. Discovery and understanding of the enzyme systems responsible for pyridinecarboxylate metabolism has led to the isolation of the genes for these systems. Transformation of plants with these genes has resulted in plants tolerant to pyridinecarboxylates.
Equivalence of Hadamard matrices and pseudo-noise matrices (2005)

Several classes of structured matrices (e.g., the Hadamard-Sylvester matrices and the pseudo-noise matrices) are used in the design of error-correcting codes. In particular, the columns of matrices belonging to the above two matrix classes are often used as codewords. In this paper we show that the two above classes essentially coincide: the pseudo-noise matrices can be obtained from the Hadamard-Sylvester matrices by means of the row/column permutations.
Matchings under Preferences (2019)

We propose two solution concepts for matchings under preferences: robustness and near stability. The former strengthens while the latter relaxes the classic definition of stability by Gale and Shapley (1962). Informally speaking, robustness requires that a matching must be stable in the classic sense, even if the agents slightly change their preferences. Near stability, on the other hand, imposes that a matching must become stable (again, in the classic sense) provided the agents are willing to adjust their preferences a bit. Both of our concepts are quantitative; together they provide means for a fine-grained analysis of the stability of matchings. Moreover, our concepts allow the exploration of trade-offs between stability and other criteria of social optimality, such as the egalitarian cost and the number of unmatched agents. We investigate the computational complexity of finding matchings that implement certain predefined trade-offs. We provide a polynomial-time algorithm that, given agent preferences, returns a socially optimal robust matching, and we prove that finding a socially optimal and nearly stable matching is computationally hard.
Diveriticulitis versus Colon Cancer: Differentiation with Helical CT Findings (1999)

When there are no pericolonic lymph nodes adjacent to a segment of colonic wall thickening, with pericolonic inflammatory changes, the most likely diagnosis is diverticulitis. When pericolonic lymph nodes are present, with or without pericolonic edema, the most likely diagnosis is colon cancer.
<title>Experiments on soft x-ray laser development in a tabletop capillary discharge</title> (1992)

The possibility of achieving soft X-ray amplification by collisional recombination in a capillary discharge plasma is being investigated. The results of the soft X-ray spectroscopy study of carbon capillary plasmas excited by a 40 kV, 108 ns FWHM discharge are discussed. The first spectra corresponding to a fast 25 ns FWHM, 600 kV discharge are also reported.
Acoustically tunable optical transmission through a subwavelength hole with a bubble (2017)

Efficient manipulation of light with sound in subwavelength-sized volumes is important for applications in photonics, phononics, and biophysics, but remains elusive. We theoretically demonstrate the control of light with MHz-range ultrasound in a subwavelength, 300-nm-wide water-filled hole with a 100-nm-radius air bubble. Ultrasound-driven pulsations of the bubble modulate the effective refractive index of the hole aperture, which gives rise to spectral tuning of light transmission through the hole. This control mechanism opens up novel opportunities for tunable acousto-optic and optomechanical metamaterials, and all-optical ultrasound transduction.
Imaging Method for Acoustic Impedance Difference for Puncture Needle-Type Ultrasonography using a Thin Rod with Focusing End Face (2008)

In this paper, we propose an imaging method for acoustic impedance difference for puncture needle-type ultrasonography. The difference in acoustic impedance between benign and malignant tissues will provide valuable diagnostic information. In this experiment, a thin rod that has a concave polished end face was constructed using a fused quartz with a diameter of 1 mm and a focus length of 0.3 mm. An ultrasonic wave emitted from the concave end face of the rod is focused on a tissue. The difference in acoustic impedance was determined by the reflection-type interference-based acoustic impedance measurement method. We confirmed that the image shows the difference in impedance between the polyethylene (PE) plate and acrylic rod with a diameter of 3.5 mm embedded therein. The experimental results show that the method is useful for puncture needle-type ultrasonography.
Nondestructive Memory Employing a Domain Oriented Steel Wire (1958)

A magnetic memory can be interrogated nondestructively by applying a perturbing field normal to the direction of remanent magnetization, and, at the same time, observing the sign of the reversible flux change. However, there may be a considerable irreversible flux change during the first few interrogations following magnetization. This irreversible component can be reduced by introducing magnetic anisotropy in a direction parallel to the direction of magnetization which is used to store binary information. The characteristics of the ideal memory is analyzed by means of domain theory. In an experimental memory a steel wire under tension was used for the memory material. A small solenoid was used to magnetize the wire locally and also to observe the flux change which was produced by an interrogative current pulsed through the wire itself. The general predictions of the theory were confirmed by experiment. Interrogation is non-destructive and is completed in less than 1 μsec. The output is proportional to the square of the wire current, and discrimination is a matter of observing its polarity. A single bit can be written into a memory array by a coincidence of a wire current and a solenoid current. The wire current can be the same as that used for interrogation. A number of bits can be carried on one wire and interrogated simultaneously. The factors affecting the design of a memory array are discussed.
Peculiarities of current-voltage characteristics of asymmetric superconducting tunnel junctions observed during measurements in the “voltage source’’ mode (1996)

The nature of the singularity observed on the descending segment of the static current-voltage characteristics (IVC) of Sn–I–Pb tunnel junctions in the voltage range (ΔPb− ΔSn)/e&amp;lt;V&amp;lt;(ΔPb+ ΔSn)/e (where ΔPb and ΔSn are the superconducting energy gaps of Pb and Sn, respectively) biased in the “voltage source” mode is investigated. The behavior of the singularity under various experimental conditions, e.g., for different values of load resistance for the junctions, temperature, and applied magnetic field and a comparison of the results of well-known experiments on Josephson branches of IVC with the theory indicate that the shape of the descending segment is apparently determined by the processes associated with relaxation oscillations in the system.
Synthetic hydrogel supports the function and regeneration of artificial ovarian tissue in mice (2016)

Many prepubertal girls and young women suffer from premature ovarian insufficiency induced by chemotherapy given for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Auto-transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue could restore the lost ovarian endocrine function and fertility. Unfortunately, tissue ischemia, inconsistent graft quality and the risk of re-introducing malignant cells may stand in the way of the clinical translation of this approach. To address these risks and limitations, we engineered an artificial ovary from immature follicles using a synthetic hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol) vinyl-sulfone (PEG-VS), as a supportive matrix. Enzymatically-isolated follicles from 6 - 7 day old mice ovaries were encapsulated in 7% PEG-VS hydrogels modified with 0.5mM RGD and crosslinked with a tri-functional matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive peptide. PEG hydrogels with the encapsulated follicles were orthotopically implanted into ovariectomized mice to investigate if PEG hydrogel supports folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis <i>in vivo</i>. After 30 days, grafts revealed multiple fully developed antral follicles and corpora lutea, which corresponded with regular ovulation cycles and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. The elevated levels of FSH, caused by bilateral ovariectomy, were reversed by the implanted follicles and maintained at physiological levels for 60 days. Importantly, primordial and primary follicles still represented 60% of the follicular pool, demonstrating selective recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool. Functioning blood vessels in the grafts 30 and 60 days after implantation proved the capability of PEG hydrogels to undergo graft remodeling and revascularization. Our results demonstrate that PEG hydrogels with encapsulated immature ovarian follicles successfully functioned as an artificial ovarian tissue for 60 days <i>in vivo</i>.
Detecting Regional Myocardial Abnormalities in Patients With Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome With the Use of ECG-Gated Cardiac MDCT (2016)

A relatively high frequency (27.6%) of regional myocardial abnormalities was observed on the cardiac CT examinations of adult patients with WPW syndrome. These abnormal findings might reflect the long-term effects of dyskinesia, suggesting irreversible myocardial injury that ultimately causes left ventricular dysfunction.
673 Penile Augmentation in Patient with Peyronie's Disease. How to Improve Penile Lenght and Width with Circular and Longitudinal Grafting and Penile Implant (2018)

Peyronie's disease in severe cases is associated with erectile dysfunction, penile narrowing and shortening affecting patients (pts) psychologically too. The aim of this study is to restore penile shape and size, augmenting length and girth with the use of penile implant and simultaneous albugineal grafting. 13 pts were enrolled. Pts' mean age was 54 +/- 9 years. Mean curvature was 60°. Penile shape was estimated by artificial erection. Surgical approach was performed with peno-scrotal approach. Buck's fascia was dissected with Dartos from the Tunica albuginea. Urethra was mobilized from albuginea. Point of maxime curvature was identified and marked. Transverse and longitudinal incision were performed in order to correct the defects. In pts who required penile widening, two longitudinal lateral incision were done and partially absorbable mesh was used to cover these defects. For transversal grafting a 0.5 mm thick porcine derma was used. 3 piece inflatable penile implant was inserted using the peno-scrotal access. Prostheses was left 70% inflated for 2 weeks. Pts were discharged 2 days postoperatively. Vacuum erectile device was recommended for 6 months.
A New Approach to Quantify Functional Improvements Following X-Stop Spacer Procedure: A Case Report (2015)

The purpose of this case report was to study effects of X-Stop implant surgery on the continuous spinal movement kinematics using 3D motion analysis. A proposed 3D kinematic spinal model was used to assess lumbar continuous active range of motion (AROM) during a standardized lumbar extension/flexion preoperatively and at 2 months postoperatively of a patient who underwent the X-Stop procedure. To investigate levels of muscle activities, electromyography recordings were made from right and left rectus abdominis, erector spinae and biceps femoris muscles. Also, functional mobility and patient quality of life were evaluated using the 6-minute walk test and the Swiss spinal stenosis and PROMIS-29 questionnaire. At 2 months postoperative, lumbar AROM increased by 18.5 and 14° for flexion and extension respectively and less muscle activation level was observed, despite the increase in lumbar AROM. Unlike positional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is a common approach to assess spinal posture in static positions, the proposed continuous-motion analysis approach is able to analyze the lumbar AROM dynamically during flexion and extension. In this case report, the results indicate that the lumbar AROM, functional mobility and quality of life have been improved following X-Stop surgical intervention. J Med Cases. 2015;6(5):205-210 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2104w
Computationally Efficient Methods For Selecting Among Mixtures Of Graphical Models, With Discussion (1999)

We describe computationally efficient methods for Bayesian model selection. The methods select among mixtures in which each component is a directed acyclic graphical model (mixtures of DAGs or MDAGs), and can be applied to data sets in which some of the random variables are not always observed. The model-selection criterion that we consider is the posterior probability of the model (structure) given data. Our model-selection problem is difficult because (1) the number of possible model structures grows super-exponentially with the number of random variables and (2) missing data necessitates the use of computationally slow approximations of model posterior probability. We argue that simple search-and-score algorithms are infeasible for a variety of problems, and introduce a feasible approach in which parameter and structure search is interleaved and expected data is treated as real data. Our approach can be viewed as a combination of the Cheeseman-Stutz asymptotic approximation for model posterior probability and the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. We evaluate our procedure for selecting among MDAGs on synthetic and real examples.
Polyimide with enhanced π stacking for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis (2021)

Polyimide photocatalysts with enhanced π stacking are prepared through the solvothermal condensation of pyromellitic dianhydride and <italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dialkylmelamine, exhibiting extended light absorption ranges and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis.
Exploring logic block granularity for regular fabrics (2004)

Driven by the economics of design and manufacturing nanoscale integrated circuits, an emphasis is being placed on developing new, regular logic fabrics that leverage the regularity and programmability of FPGAs, yet deliver a level of performance and density close to ASICs. One example of such a fabric is a Via-Patterned Gate Array (VPGA) according to Pillegi et al. (2002), which employs ASIC style global routing on top of an array of patternable logic blocks (PLBs). Previous works (Koorapaty et al., 2003; Koorapaty, 2003; Pileggi et al., 2003) showed that by employing even limited heterogeneity for the VPGA logic blocks, namely combining a 3-LUT with two 3-input Nand gates, one can achieve performance comparable to that provided by standard cells. Since the area cost for such heterogeneity id far less for FPGAs, we can explore new configurations of via-configurable logic blocks that offer greater heterogeneity and granularity to achieve even higher performance. In this paper, we present a new, more granular, via-patterned heterogeneous logic block architecture and compare it to a less granular LUT-based heterogeneous PLB. Our results show higher performance and more effective packing of the logic functions due to increased granularity.
Fourier Accelerated Multistatic Imaging: A Fast Reconstruction Algorithm for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Radar Imaging (2017)

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar image processing presents problems difficult to address by modifying conventional monostatic radar methods as Fourier range migration. When the distance between the transmitter and receiver is comparable to the target size, the single phase center approximation is not accurate. Furthermore, if the antenna radiation pattern significantly deviates from a spherical wave, the symmetries assumed in most range migration techniques are violated. We present a rapid Fourier-based MIMO reconstruction called Fourier accelerated multistatic imaging (FAMI) suitable for massively parallel computation that accounts for frequency-dependent radiation patterns, does not require the single phase center approximation, and is able to dynamically adapt to different target support volume shapes. FAMI is especially suitable for frequency-diversity antenna systems that use spectrally modulated coded spatial radiation patterns.
Comparison of gene coverage of mouse oligonucleotide microarray platforms (2006)

The software developed here allows researchers to create updated custom databases by using public or proprietary information on genes for any organisms. ArrayGene allows easy comparisons of gene coverage between microarray platforms for any region of the genome. The comparison presented here reveals that the commercial microarray Sentrix, which is based on the MEEBO public oligoset, showed the best mouse genome coverage currently available. We also suggest the creation of guidelines to standardize the minimum set of information that vendors should provide to allow researchers to accurately evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using a given platform.
EHR Interoperability: I'll Know It When I See It (2012)

You may not be able to intelligibly define EHR interoperability, but you will know it when you have enough of it, and you will also know when you don't.
Precise head segmentation on arbitrary backgrounds (2009)

We propose a method for segmentation of frontal human portraits from arbitrary unknown backgrounds. Semantic information is used to project the face into a normalized reference frame. A shape model learned from a set of manually segmented faces is used to compute a rough initial segmentation using a fast iterative algorithm. The rough initial cutout is refined with a boundary based algorithm called ¿cluster cutting¿. Cluster cutting uses a cost function derived from clustering pixels along the normal of the initial segmentation path with a tree-building algorithm. The result can be refined by the user with an interactive variant of the same algorithm.
PDGF receptor alpha inhibition induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cancer stem cells refractory to anti-Notch and anti-EGFR treatment (2014)

We have used different drugs combination to identify the more effective therapeutic targets for GBM CSC, particularly against GBM peritumor tissue-derived CSC, which are mostly resistant to treatments. Overall, our results provide the rationale for simultaneous targeting of EGFR and PDGFR, which would be beneficial in the treatment of GBM.