gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondhand smoke and particulate matter exposure in the home (2009)

With the increasing normative trend of clean indoor air laws prohibiting smoking in public places such as worksites and restaurants, the home is becoming the primary source of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. However, little empirical data indicate how SHS is distributed throughout homes and whether smoking in segregated areas offers protection. This project studied real-time data on levels of SHS in 9 homes in which smoking was permitted and in 3 smoke-free homes. Active sampling monitors were used to assess levels of PM(2.5), a marker for SHS, over a 3-day period. In smoking homes, one monitor was placed in the primary smoking area and another in a distal location, where smoking generally did not occur. Participants logged smoking and other activities that could affect air quality. In smoking homes, without assuming normality, the mean PM(2.5) level for the primary smoking areas was statistically significantly higher than that for distal areas (84 and 63 microg/m3, respectively). Both levels far surpassed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's annual standard of 15 microg/m3 for outdoor air quality. By contrast, the smoke-free home mean was 9 microg/m3, similar to outdoor air quality. These results suggest that the air in smoking homes was several times more polluted than that in smoke-free homes, regardless of where the measurements were taken, meaning that efforts to confine smoking to only part of the home offer no protection for people anywhere inside the home. Household members can be protected by implementing a smoke-free home policy.
Vitamin B12, homocysteine and carotid plaque in the era of folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grain products (2005)

Vitamin B12 deficiency is surprisingly common among patients with vascular disease, and, in the setting of folic acid fortification, low serum vitamin B12 levels are a major determinant of elevated homocysteine levels and increased carotid plaque area.
Molecular and functional consequences of immune-mediated evolution in HIV-1 Nef during the North American epidemic. (2011)

Background: HLA-restricted CTL responses drive evolution of the highly immunogenic Nef protein, but the extent and functional consequences of population-level adaptation remain unclear. We have used novel historic Nef data to estimate the date and reconstruct the founder virus sequence of the North American epidemic, compare patterns of population-level HLA-associated &#13;\npolymorphisms over time, and assess CD4 downregulation activity of historic and modern Nef sequences.&#13;\nMethods: Plasma HIV-1 RNA Nef sequencing and HLA typing was performed on 241 historic specimens (1979–89). Modern published HLA/HIV datasets served as controls. Timing and sequence reconstruction of the founder Nef was performed using BEAST and HyPhy. HLA-associated polymorphisms were identified using phylogenetically-corrected methods. CD4 downregulation capacity of 52 historic vs. 52 modern Nef sequences was compared using flow cytometric methods.&#13;\nResults: Based on Nef sequences, the most recent common ancestor of the North American epidemic was dated to 1965. The consensus of the reconstructed founder Nef sequence differed from 2004 subtype B consensus at codons 15, 22, 51 and 178, while additional sites remained ambiguous in the reconstruction. Patterns&#13;\nand statistical strengths of HLA-associated polymorphisms remained generally consistent over time (e.g. A*24-associated Y135F, B*07-R71K, B*08-K94Q and B*57-H116N ranked among the strongest in historic and modern cohorts); however, a small number of polymorphisms were identified as candidates for population-level accumulation. Functional assessment of Nef revealed a modest yet statistically significant increase in CD4 downregulation capacity over time (median 0.93 vs. 1.00 in historic vs. modern sequences; p = 0.005).&#13;\nConclusion: Modest population-level immune adaptation in Nef, potentially leading to modest increases in CD4 downregulation capacity, may have occurred in North America since 1979. However, the relatively high similarity between the estimated founder and modern consensus B, and the observation that CTL escape patterns have remained largely consistent over time, support Nef as a suitable target for vaccine consideration.
Green’s function for a volume source in a viscoelastic cylindrical tube. (2010)

A model based on Green’s functions that has been reported at previous meetings describes the field produced by a volumetric source in a bounded viscoelastic medium. Proposed applications of this model include scattering of sound in biological media and by objects buried in soil. The model was also adapted to study acoustically driven bubble pulsations near the surface of a viscoelastic medium, including calculation of the stress and strain in the medium. The methodology is generalized here to include cylindrical tubes. The Green’s function is obtained for a volumetric source at an arbitrary location in a viscoelastic or viscous fluid-filled cylindrical tube. All modes of propagation in the elastic tube are taken into account as well as waves reflected from the tube wall. The Green’s function is expanded both as a Fourier integral with respect to the axial coordinate and as a Fourier series with respect to the polar angle. Amplitudes of the Fourier coefficients are determined by boundary conditions for displacements and stresses at the tube wall and by matching conditions on the cylindrical surface containing the source. The Green’s function is obtained in closed form and expressed through Hankel functions. [Work supported by NIH DK070618.]
Dynamic Monitoring of EMT in CTCs as an Indicator of Cancer Metastasis (2021)

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) results in the genesis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from tumor sites and promotes the metastatic capability of CTCs in circulation. In this study, we develop a multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotechnology for comprehensive characterization of EMT-associated phenotypes in CTCs, to monitor cancer metastasis. We observe the downregulation of the CTC marker (EpCAM) and the epithelial marker (E-cadherin), as well as the upregulation of a mesenchymal marker (N-cadherin) and a stem cell marker (ABCB5) during the transforming growth factor-β-induced EMT process in breast cancer cell line models. Additionally, we also find changes in the heterogeneity levels of these selected markers in cells. With this method, we successfully detect the presence of disease in samples from breast cancer patients and characterize EMT-associated phenotypes in their CTCs. Overall, this approach and findings provide a new means for monitoring the EMT process in cancer, insights into the detailed mechanistic progress of the diseases, and have potential for detecting the early occurrence of cancer metastasis.
ENCEPHALOMYELITIS WITH CARCINOMA (1965)

Journal Article ENCEPHALOMYELITIS WITH CARCINOMA Get access R. A. HENSON, R. A. HENSON London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. LOVELL HOFFMAN, H. LOVELL HOFFMAN London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. URICH H. URICH London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 88, Issue 3, September 1965, Pages 449–464, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/88.3.449 Published: 01 September 1965
Subnecrotic stereotactic radiosurgery controls epilepsy produced by kainic acid injection in rats (2000)

In a rat model, radiosurgery performed with subnecrotic tissue doses controlled epilepsy without causing subsequent behavioral impairment.
Safe use of preservatives and preservative-treated wood at home and on the farm : a guide for the Pacific Northwest (1988)

File scanned at 300 ppi (256 Grayscale) using Capture Perfect 3.0 on a Canon DR-9050C in PDF format. CVista PdfCompressor 4.0 was used for pdf compression and textual OCR.
Modélisation de l’effet de la rugosité sur l’adhésion d’ostéoblastes : application au titane (2010)

La durée de vie des implants est en partie dépendante de la qualité de l’ostéointégration. Or il a été reconnu que l’ostéointégration est influencée par les traitements de mise en forme et d’obtention des implants, au travers des propriétés mécaniques, qui peuvent être modifiées sur une certaine profondeur, des propriétés chimiques et topographiques. Afin d’anticiper l’effet d’un traitement de surface sur le comportement cellulaire, un modèle a été mis au point simulant l’adhésion cellulaire sur différentes surfaces de titane. Ce modèle est basé sur l’encombrement géométrique de cellules sphériques distribuées aléatoirement sur des profils topographiques. La modélisation est ensuite comparée à des tests réalisés in vitro avec les cellules ostéoblastiques MG63. Le nombre de cellules par mm2 est calculé dans chacun des cas et la confrontation entre les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques montre qu’il est possible d’estimer correctement ce paramètre par la modélisation. Les prochains développements du modèle introduiront les notions d’étalement cellulaire, de contraintes mécaniques, de paramètres topographiques échelle-dépendants et de propriétés chimiques de la surface.
Fiber-Optic Hydrophone (1990)

The design and preliminary performance results of a fiber-optic (FO) Michelson interferometric hydrophone are described.
Interleukin (IL-6) Immunotherapy (2017)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a prototypical cytokine for maintaining homeostasis. When homeostasis is disrupted by infections or tissue injuries, IL-6 is produced immediately and contributes to host defense against such emergent stress through activation of acute-phase and immune responses. However, dysregulated excessive and persistent synthesis of IL-6 has a pathological effect on, respectively, acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome and chronic immune-mediated diseases. The IL-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, is currently being used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and Castleman disease. Lines of recent evidence strongly suggest IL-6 blockade can provide broader therapeutic strategy for various diseases included in acute systemic and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Geographic distribution of zonal wind and UV albedo at cloud top level from VMC camera on Venus Express: Influence of Venus topography through stationary gravity waves vertical propagation (2015)

International audience
Interferon γ limits the effectiveness of melanoma peptide vaccines (2010)

The development of effective therapeutic vaccines to generate tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) continues to be a top research priority. However, in spite of some promising results, there are no clear examples of vaccines that eradicate established tumors. Most vaccines are ineffective because they generate low numbers of CTLs and because numerous immunosuppressive factors abound in tumor-bearing hosts. We designed a peptide vaccine that produces large numbers of tumor-reactive CTLs in a mouse model of melanoma. Surprisingly, CTL tumor recognition and antitumor effects decreased in the presence of interferon γ (IFNγ), a cytokine that can provide therapeutic benefit. Tumors exposed to IFNγ evade CTLs by inducing large amounts of noncognate major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which limit T-cell activation and effector function. Our results demonstrate that peptide vaccines can eradicate large, established tumors in circumstances under which the inhibitory activities of IFNγ are curtailed.
Microcavity‐Enhanced Semitransparent Electrodes for Oligothiophene Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells (2017)

Transparent electrodes (TEs) with high optical transparency (&gt;85%) are usually considered to be prerequisite for realizing high‐efficiency solar cells. On the contrary, here an indium‐free TE is reported which is semitransparent with an average visible transparency of 66.7% only. The electrode consists of Ag 9 nm with TiO 2 (30 nm) undercoat layer designed specifically for small molecule organic solar cell (SM‐OSC) based on methylated oligothiophene derivatives. The electrode also contains a polyethyleneimine (PEI) wetting layer which promotes the growth of continuous, ultrasmooth, and highly conductive Ag films on the TiO 2 layer even at very low thicknesses. The developed TiO 2 /PEI/Ag (TPA) electrode exhibits much better mechanical properties with only &lt;8% increase in sheet resistance after 200 bending cycles when a tensile strain of 2.1% is applied. The role of TiO 2 undercoat layer has been investigated in detail and is shown to enhance the microcavity effect, leading to increased light coupling especially in the lower wavelength regime. With comparable photocurrent, and high fill‐factor values owing to much better electrical properties, the semitransparent TPA‐TE based SM‐OSC outperforms the state‐of‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) based reference device with photon conversion efficiency of 8.1% compared to 7.7% despite having lower transmittance (≈21%) relative to ITO.
5'-desoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine : metabolisme et effets toxiques sur differents modeles cellulaires en culture (1988)

La 5-desoxy-5-methylthioadenosine (mesado) est un metabolite de la s-adenosyl-l-methionine forme essentiellement au cours de la synthese des polyamines. La mesado est degradee par une enzyme specifique, la mesado phosphorylase, pour donner de l'adenine et du methylthioribose-1-phosphate. L'ensemble du travail est effectue sur differents modeles de cellules de mammiferes en culture. 1#o) la mesado inhibe la proliferation cellulaire entr'autre en inhibant la camp phosphodiesterase. 2#o) la voie de production d'adenine a partir de la mesado, qui est la seule connue chez les eucaryotes, est physiologiquement active (lever un blocage de la proliferation cellulaire obtenu par inhibition de la synthese de novodes purines. 3#o) la mesado est un precurseur de methionine. 4#o) dans certaines cellules, la voie metabolique meadomethionines-adenosyl-l-methionine ne serait physiologiquement active que lors de la proliferation cellulaire
XUV generation scattering and imaging at 29nm with an HHG source (2010)

This talk will give details of the work in progress at Southampton in two areas. The first is progress on understanding how to make efficient sources of XUV using high harmonic generation. Two topics in particular will be discussed: theoretical and experimental approaches to nonlinear propagation in capillary waveguides during HHG, and the effect of gas jet structure on HHG. The second area is the use of an HHG source for scattering and imaging experiments. Scattering from self-assembled nanometre scale structures will be discussed, and initial imaging results using coherent diffractive imaging techniques (CDI).
2.5D and 3D Heterogeneous Integration: Emerging applications (2021)

The next decade will usher in a new era of technological innovation where compute, communications, and intelligence will converge. The number of connected devices is estimated to reach 500 billion by 2030, which is 59× larger than the expected world population <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> . Instead of humans dominating the use of wireless networks, objects or things will become the dominant users. Networks will incorporate intelligent compute to enable new types of applications such as cyberphysical worlds that replicate reality. These applications will require distributed intelligent compute platforms, as processing terabytes of data at a single edge device will be near impossible. Future 6G systems are currently being defined to meet these needs, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Figure 1</xref> , and the essential components of all 6G systems will be intelligence and security <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</xref> . These new wireless systems will need to leverage a distributed compute network that is part of the wireless network so that the edge device can employ a high-performance compute platform that is in close proximity to itself. Such a network device must incorporate flexibility and programmability at low latency while also supporting network and connectivity functions. Heterogeneous integration in 2.5D and 3D can efficiently enhance existing compute platforms such as processors, application-specific integrated circuits, and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to address emerging applications such as intelligent compute-communicate systems at lower cost with faster time to market. This article presents an overview of 2.5D and 3D heterogeneous technologies and how they can be leveraged to create new intelligent-compute-communicate platforms to enable emerging applications
Is there a preference for linearity when viewing natural images? (2015)

The system gamma of the imaging pipeline, defined as the product of the encoding and decoding gammas, is typically greater than one and is stronger for images viewed with a dark background (e.g. cinema) than those viewed in lighter conditions (e.g. office displays).<sup>1-3</sup> However, for high dynamic range (HDR) images reproduced on a low dynamic range (LDR) monitor, subjects often prefer a system gamma of less than one,<sup>4</sup> presumably reflecting the greater need for histogram equalization in HDR images. In this study we ask subjects to rate the perceived quality of images presented on a LDR monitor using various levels of system gamma. We reveal that the optimal system gamma is below one for images with a HDR and approaches or exceeds one for images with a LDR. Additionally, the highest quality scores occur for images where a system gamma of one is optimal, suggesting a preference for linearity (where possible). We find that subjective image quality scores can be predicted by computing the degree of histogram equalization of the lightness distribution. Accordingly, an optimal, image dependent system gamma can be computed that maximizes perceived image quality.
Optimal slotted random access in coded wireless packet networks (2010)

Abstract—We consider the problem of jointly optimizing random access and subgraph selection in coded wireless packet networks. As opposed tothe correspondingschedulingapproach, the problem cannot be formulated as a convex optimization problem and is thus difficult to solve. We propose a special adaptation of the branch and bound method which allows for computing the optimal strategy for small and medium networks. The key tool for efficiencyis a random access specificconvex relaxation bound. We compare these results to both optimal and suboptimal joint medium access and subgraph selection techniques, to conclude that there is room for further improvement of suboptimal yet practical random access schemes. I.
Configuration detection as a problem of knowledge discovery in computer networks (2002)

Presents a type of knowledge discovery that is slightly different from data mining in database systems-configuration detection in computer networks. In computer networks, one needs to know which objects exist and where they are located. We call the acquisition of this knowledge "configuration detection". We are interested in hosts and routers on an internetwork within an organization. As internetworking has become popular, the growth in the number of network objects has been substantial and dynamic. In such an environment, the maintenance of knowledge of the current configuration of the network has become a practical problem. The scale problem has been solved either by facilitating dynamic learning or by dividing the management domain into subdomains of a manageable size. In either solution, we face the problems of inconsistency and invalidity. We suggest the use of a procedure for the authorisation of network addresses to solve some of the serious network-level threats using a security technique. Finally, we apply the solution to address resolution.
Neural indicators of the depth of cognitive processing for user-adaptive neurotechnological applications (2015)

The ability to infer implicit user variables in realtime and in an unobtrusive way would open a broad variety of applications such as adapting the user interface in human-computer interaction or developing safety assistance systems in industrial workplaces. Such information may be extracted from behavior, peripheral physiology and brain activity. Each of these sensors has its advantages and disadvantages suggesting that finally all available features should be fused. While in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research powerful methods for the real-time extraction of information from brain signals have been developed, comparatively little effort was spent on the extraction of hidden user states. As a further step in this direction, we propose a novel experimental paradigm to study the feasibility of quantifying how deeply presented information is processed in the brain. An investigation of event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrates the effectiveness of our task in inducing different levels of cognitive processing and shows which features of brain activity provide discriminative information.
Stabilizing FASnI3-based perovskite light-emitting diodes with crystallization control (2023)

The toxicity of lead presents a critical challenge for the application of perovskite optoelectronics. Lead-free perovskite solar cells were achieved with formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI<sub>3</sub>) perovskites, exhibiting decent power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 14%, with >98% of the initial PCE retained after 3000 h of storage. However, when employed in light-emitting applications, FASnI<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) show limited stability, with <i>T</i><sub>50</sub> lifetimes of up to 0.25 h at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. Here, we improve the stability of FASnI<sub>3</sub>-based PeLEDs through the inclusion of a two-dimensional precursor phenethylamine iodide (PEAI), allowing controlled crystallization of the mixed-dimensional perovskite emitters. The density of defects is found to be reduced, accompanied by the suppression of oxidation from Sn<sup>2+</sup> to Sn<sup>4+</sup>. Using an optimized perovskite composition, we achieve an EQE of 1.5% (a ∼10-fold improvement over the control devices), a maximum radiance of 145 W sr<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>, and a record-long <i>T</i><sub>50</sub> lifetime of 10.3 h at 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for FASnI<sub>3</sub>-based PeLEDs. Our results illuminate an alternative path toward lead-free PeLED applications.
In Search of Imidazo [1,2-a] Pyridine Derivatives Exhibiting Resistance for Catalytic Hydrogenation (1999)

Abstract Effect of substituents on the pyridine ring of imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine derivatives have been studied to ascertain the structural requirement for offering resistance towards catalytic hydrogenation of the title compounds.
Color image filters: the vector directional approach (1997)

Processing of color image data using directional information has received increased attention lately due to the introduction of the vector directional filters. These rank-ordered type filters utilize the direc- tion of color vectors to enhance, restore and segment color images. First, the different vector directional filters already in use are presented, focusing on their similarities and differences and, second, new adaptive vector directional filters are introduced. Fuzzy as well as nearest neigh- bor structures are utilized to determine the weights in the proposed adaptive filters. Simulation studies involving color images are used to assess the performance of the different vector directional filters and to compare them with other commonly used nonlinear filters. The simula- tion studies reported indicate that the new adaptive filters are computa- tionally attractive and have excellent performance. © 1997 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)02609-3)