gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium administration increases the mortality of endotoxic shock in rats (1989)

Calcium chloride is administered frequently to critically ill patients to improve cardiac output and BP. However, Ca has been implicated in the pathophysiology of shock and ischemic disorders. To test the hypothesis that Ca may be deleterious to shock outcome, we studied the effects of CaCl and Ca chelator (EGTA) infusions on mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to endotoxin and 24-h survival in rats. Increasing ionized Ca from 4.1 +/- 0.06 to 4.9 +/- 0.20 and 8.5 +/- 0.52 mg/dl progressively increased endotoxin lethality from 20% to 37% and 80%, respectively. This occurred despite slight improvements in MAP in hypercalcemic rats. Conversely, hypocalcemia (3.6 +/- 0.08 mg/dl) lowered endotoxin-induced mortality to 0 without significant effects on MAP. Ca and EGTA infusions alone were not associated with any mortality. Although Ca administration may improve MAP, it significantly increases mortality associated with endotoxic shock in rats. Based on these observations, we advise caution when using Ca in patients with sepsis.
Lossy Compression Of Distributed Sparse Sources: A Practical Scheme (2011)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Barcelona, Spain, 2011
Dynamic Tethering for Enhanced Remote Control and Navigation (2000)

Misalignments between display and control reference frames complicate execution of many remote control tasks by loading the operator's attentional resources with mental transformations. It is thus important to maintain alignment between an operator's controls and her view of the controlled object or task space. Maximising the operator's situational awareness within this task space by providing an optimal frame of reference also simplifies task execution. Traditional rigid tethering integrates desirable egocentric and exocentric aspects of a display by connecting an exocentric view of the task space to the system being controlled. This paper introduces the concept of dynamic tethering (a superset of rigid tethering) which also preserves the principle of the moving part while maintaining control-display motion compatibility. Two experiments are presented, which show that compliance with these principles decreases the frequency of control reversals, improves reaction times, and decreases the RMS error associated with tracking performance.
The effect of dietary taurine and its potential biosynthesis on juvenile grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) performance (2023)

The grey mullet is a catadromous species that spawns in the taurine-rich seawater environment, followed by the young fish generally migrating to less saline, low taurine waters during the larva-juvenile transition. Consequently, this study aimed to (1) determines whether there is a dietary taurine requirement in juvenile grey mullet for enhanced growth and (2) the potential for taurine biosynthesis. The experimental system consisted of sixteen 400-l V-tanks, where filtered, UV-treated ambient seawater (40 ‰) entered the bottom of the tanks at a rate of 7 tank exchanges/day. This allowed the testing of four 1 mm pelleted diets (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% taurine DW diet) in replicates of 4 tanks/treatment for 58 days. Grey mullet juveniles demonstrated (P&lt;0.05) a specific requirement for a 0.5% taurine DW diet for improved growth. Fish fed the taurine diets displayed populations with a markedly (P &lt; 0.05) higher average number of surviving fish (23.4±1.1) of moderately sized (10- 20 g) cohorts than smaller (&lt; 10 g) individuals (12.5±1.1). In contrast, the fish fed the taurine control (0% taurine) exhibited similar average numbers of small and moderate sized fish (18.0±3.6-20.0±4.1). Dietary taurine accumulated highly (P&lt;0.05) in the muscles in a dose dependent manner but less so (P&lt;0.05) in eyes, and liver. The gene expression of liver cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) exhibited an upregulation (P&lt;0.05) with taurine diets from 0 to 1% but was down regulated (P&lt;0.05) in fish fed the 2% taurine DW diet.
现代中国多民族国家策略--“民族”识别的历史动因探源 (2014)

以云南地区的多元和多样性表现为例探讨现代中国多民族国家的策略和历史境遇。通过梳理中国历史上民族国家策略的历史进程，发现中国近现代历史中国民党和共产党在民族国家策略上的差异，以及现代中国“民族”识别的出现，是中国深远的历史情境中的一个必然结果，亦是中国共产党建立现代国家与各民族达成共识的基本路径。
A Monitoring Scheme for UHV Wall Bushing (2018)

This paper proposes a on-line monitor and protective scheme for Ultra High Voltage wall bushings according to the structure of the bushings. The UHV wall bushing are normally consist of two parts, the indoor segment and the outdoor segment, each segment has a test tap. In the protective scheme, the test tap is grounded through a capacitor and a current transformer. Then voltage ratio on both external capacitors and current ratio through TAs are monitored and taken as the reference to judge the statues of the UHV wall bushing.
Bamboo‐Inspired Structurally Efficient Materials with a Large Continuous Gradient (2023)

Because of its light weight and high strength, bamboo is used in many applications around the world. Natural bamboo is built from fiber-reinforced material and exhibits a porous graded architecture that provides its remarkable mechanical performance. This porosity gradient is generated through the unique distribution of densified vascular bundles. Scientists and engineers have been trying to mimic this architecture for a very long time with much of the work focusing on the effect of fiber reinforcement. However, there still lacks quantitative studies on the role of pore gradient design on mechanical properties, in part because the fabrication of bamboo-inspired graded materials is challenging. Here, the steep and continuous porosity gradient through an ingenious cellular design in Moso bamboo is revealed. The effect of gradient design on the mechanical performance is systematically studied by using 3D-printed models. The results show that not only the magnitude of gradient but also its continuity have a significant effect. By introducing a continuous and large gradient, the maximum flexural load and energy absorption capability can be increased by 40% and 110% when comparing to the structure without gradient. These bamboo-inspired cellular architectures can offer efficient solutions for the design of damage tolerant engineering structures.
Fingerprint Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease (1985)

Fingerprint dermatoglyphic patterns in 50 patients with presumed senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) were compared with a control group of 50 patients with other neurologic diseases and with population norms. Patients with SDAT showed a significantly increased frequency of ulnar loops on their fingertips and a concomitantly decreased frequency of whorls and arches. A pattern of eight or more ulnar loops was found significantly more often in patients with SDAT (72%) than in the control group (26%). Fourteen patients with SDAT had ulnar loops on all ten fingers; this occurred in four patients in the control group. Radial loops on the fourth and fifth digits were more prevalent in patients with SDAT. The fingerprint patterns observed in patients with SDAT are congruent with patterns repeatedly found in Down's syndrome, and support the known associations between these two diseases at a further level.
Endotoxin-Induced Inhibition of Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling in Rat Liver in Vivo1 (1999)

The bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin induces a catabolic response characterized by resistance to multiple anabolic hormones. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of endotoxin on the GH signaling pathway in rat liver in vivo. After the iv injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 mg/kg), there was a progressive decrease in liver STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-5) tyrosine phosphorylation in response to GH (40% decrease 6 h after endotoxin), which occurred in the absence of a change in abundance of the STAT5 protein. Endotoxin resulted in a rapid 40-fold increase in liver Janus family kinase-2 (JAK2) messenger RNA, followed by a 2-fold increase in JAK2 protein abundance. This was associated with a 50% decrease in phosphorylated/total JAK2 after GH stimulation. GH receptor abundance was unchanged, suggesting a postreceptor site of endotoxin-induced GH resistance. Rat complementary DNAs for three members of the suppressor of cytokine signaling gene family were cloned [cytokine-inducible sequence (CIS), suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2), and SOCS-3] and, using these probes, messenger RNAs for SOCS-3 and CIS were shown to be increased 10- and 4-fold above control values, respectively, 2 h after endotoxin infusion. The finding of endotoxin inhibition of in vivo STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation in response to a supramaximal dose of GH in the absence of a change in GH receptor abundance or total GH-stimulated JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation provides the first demonstration of acquired postreceptor GH resistance. We hypothesize that this may occur through a specificity-spillover mechanism involving the induction of SOCS genes by cytokines released in response to endotoxin and subsequent SOCS inhibition of GH signaling.
Chemicals Production from Glycerol through Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Review (2022)

Utilization of biofuels generated from renewable sources has attracted broad attention due to their benefits such as reducing consumption of fossil fuels, sustainability, and consequently prevention of global warming. The production of biodiesel causes a huge amount of by-product, crude glycerol, to accumulate. Glycerol, because of its unique structure having three hydroxyl groups, can be converted to a variety of industrially valuable products. In recent decades, increasing studies have been carried out on different catalytic pathways to selectively produce a wide range of glycerol derivatives. In the current review, the main routes including carboxylation, oxidation, etherification, hydrogenolysis, esterification, and dehydration to convert glycerol to value-added products are investigated. In order to achieve more glycerol conversion and higher desired product selectivity, acquisition of knowledge on the catalysts, the type of acidic or basic, the supports, and studying various reaction pathways and operating parameters are necessary. This review attempts to summarize the knowledge of catalytic reactions and mechanisms leading to value-added derivatives of glycerol. Additionally, the application of main products from glycerol are discussed. In addition, an overview on the market of glycerol, its properties, applications, and prospects is presented.
49.1: Flexible Flat‐Panel Display Designs with Gate Driver Circuits Integrated within the Pixel Area (2014)

Abstract We have developed a new stylish TFT‐LCD. We located gate‐driver monolithic circuits in the pixel area. As there are no electronic circuits in the frame area, we can realize a narrow border and round corners or a multi‐concave shape, and the frame shape can be easily revised.
Olive Pomace in Diet Limits Lipid Peroxidation of Sausages from Cinta Senese Swine (2017)

In order to examine whether olive pomace (OP), the mean by‐product of olive oil extraction, can be included in the animal diet, its effect on the raw mixture and sausages made from meat from OP‐fed Cinta Senese swine is tested by comparing it with a diet supplemented with high oleic sunflower oil (SO) and a control diet (C). Proximate composition, pH, color, total culturable bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and lipid oxidation are evaluated in both the raw mixture and sausages. The aroma profile is also evaluated in sausages. Olive pomace affected the fatty acid composition of the raw mixture and strongly limited the lipid peroxidation of sausages, probably due to the synergistic action of 3,4‐DHPEA and α‐tocopherol. Olive pomace selectively promotes LAB growth, and protected the raw mixture and sausages from discoloration. The diet also affected the content of volatile organic compounds thus enabling OP sausages to be distinguished from other sausages. Practical Applications: The protection of foods against lipid peroxidation is a very important aspect in terms of their quality. Achieving this naturally is a high priority for consumers, as there is an increasing demand for “low impact” and “environment‐safe” production processes. The approach proposed in the present study is aimed at meeting both these objectives. Our findings demonstrate that the inclusion of olive pomace in the swine diet effectively slowed down the lipid oxidation in the sausages. The strategy we propose also meets both economic and ecological goals. Olive pomace is the main by‐product of olive oil spinneret, and its re‐use in another spinneret is a cost‐effective way of improving the sustainability of the production process. Three different kinds of sausages are made. The experiment is aimed at studying the effect of olive pomace (OP) in controling the progression of lipid oxidation. OP have protected sausages against cholesterol oxidation, thus limiting the production of COPs (α‐hydroxycholesterol, α‐epoxycholesterol, and 7‐ketocholesterol). The most probable mechanism is attributable to electron or H+ donor properties of polyphenols contained in olive pomace.
A high humidity-resistive triboelectric nanogeneratorviacoupling of dielectric material selection and surface-charge engineering (2021)

Dielectric material selection coupled with surface-charge engineering is demonstrated to effectively improve the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators in a high humidity environment.
Anomalous Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer across Peptide Bridges (2003)

The first investigation on the distance dependence of a dissociative electron transfer process across peptide bridges is reported. This study was carried out by using a series of donor-peptide-acceptor systems in which the donor is a phthalimido moiety, the peptide bridges are provided by alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) homooligomers, and the acceptor is a peroxide functional group. The intramolecular electron transfer from the electrogenerated phthalimido radical anion to the peroxide was studied in comparison with the thermodynamic and kinetic information obtained with models of the acceptor and the donor. The intramolecular rate constants were determined in N,N-dimethylformamide by taking into account the corresponding intermolecular values. The experimental results point to an unusual non-exponential dependence of the intramolecular electron transfer rate on the number of bridge units. The same trend could be verified also by taking into account the actual donor-acceptor edge-to-edge distance. The peculiar distance dependence that was observed for the intramolecular electron transfer rate is attributed to the mediating effect of the intramolecular C=O...H-N hydrogen bonds.
Sampling Receive Equalizer with Bit-Rate Flexible Operation up to 10 Gbit/s (2006)

A receive equalizer IC implemented in 0.13 mum standard CMOS technology is presented. The equalizer filter works with sampled analog signals within a half-rate architecture. Due to its discrete-time nature, the circuit operates continuously on bit rates ranging from 0.5 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s. The equalizer core consists of a 3-tap finite-impulse-response filter and a subsequent decision-feedback filter with first and second post cursor feedback taps. Up to 24 dB channel loss at the Nyquist frequency can be compensated. The reception of a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 PRBS binary data stream transmitted over a 90 cm long trace on FR4 with 10 Gbit/s and over a 173 cm long trace with 7 Gbit/s with a BER < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> and receive-only equalization is presented. The power consumption of the equalizer core is 21 mW and the core area is 60 mum times 56 mum
Investigation of the open-circuit voltage in solar cells doped with quantum dots (2013)

Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention for use in photovoltaic applications because of their potential for overcoming the limits of conventional single-junction devices. One problem associated with solar cells using QDs is that the open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) always decreases with the addition of QDs with respect to the reference cell without QDs. Here, we report the investigation of current-voltage characteristics in Ge/Si QD solar cells in the temperature range from 100 to 300 K. We show that even though V(oc) decreases with increasing temperature, it depends on the nominal Ge thickness, indicating that V(oc) reduction is primarily caused by a decrease in the bandgap energy of the cell. From photoluminescence decay measurements, we found that rapid carrier extraction from QDs occurred in the solar cells; this process eliminates the quasi-Fermi energy splitting between the QDs and the host semiconductor and causes V(oc )reduction in QD solar cells.
SYNFORMISSUE 2011/04 (2011)

This issue of SYNFORM features two SYNSTORIES which share a common theme: the use of metals as catalysts for breaking C-O bonds.In the first SYNSTORY, Dr. R. Martin (Spain) describes how his group was able to develop a process allowing for the Ni-catalyzed reduction of a methoxy group in aryl methyl ethers.The methodology is particularly important because a methoxy group can be there by used as a removable activating group in the syn the sis of a broad range of aromatic compounds.The second SYN- STORY reports on a novel reaction discovered by Pro fes sor C. Stephenson (USA), which allows for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding halides.This photoredox process features a conceptually new activation of the C-O bond by visible light, mediated by a ruthenium(II) catalyst.The methodology holds promise for future developments which might impose this reaction as an alternative to the Mitsunobu reaction.
Studying the phosphoryl transfer mechanism of theE. coliphosphofructokinase-2: from X-ray structure to quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations (2019)

Phosphofructokinases (Pfks) catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and they are regulated in a wide variety of organisms. Although numerous aspects of the kinetics and regulation have been characterized for Pfks, the knowledge about the mechanism of the phosphoryl transfer reaction and the transition state lags behind. In this work, we describe the X-ray crystal structure of the homodimeric Pfk-2 from <i>E. coli</i>, which contains products in one site and reactants in the other, as well as an additional ATP molecule in the inhibitory allosteric site adjacent to the reactants. This complex was previously predicted when studying the kinetic mechanism of ATP inhibition. After removing the allosteric ATP, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations revealed conformational changes related to domain packing, as well as stable interactions of Lys27 and Asp256 with donor (ATP) and acceptor (fructose-6-) groups, and of Asp166 with Mg<sup>2+</sup>. The phosphoryl transfer reaction mechanism catalyzed by Pfk-2 was investigated through Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) simulations using a combination of the string method and a path-collective variable for the exploration of its free energy surface. The calculated activation free energies showed that a dissociative mechanism, occurring with a metaphosphate intermediate formation followed by a proton transfer to Asp256, is more favorable than an associative one. The structural analysis reveals the role of Asp256 acting as a catalytic base and Lys27 stabilizing the transition state of the dissociative mechanism.
Differentiation of a Myocardial Depressant Factor Present in Shock Plasma from Known Plasma Peptides and Salts (1973)

SummarySeveral potent biologically active peptides, some of which are found in mammalian plasma during circulatory shock, were studied for their cardiac and intestinal smooth muscle actions. None of the peptides studied over a concentration range of 10-9 to 10-5M exhibited a biological profile similar to MDF. Moreover, MDF activity could not be accounted for by sodium or by total salts (i.e., osmolality) since a concentration of at least four times normal total salts was required to exert a negative inotropic effect of a comparable magnitude to that induced by plasma concentrations of MDF in shock. Thus, MDF appears to be a small peptide not identifiable with common plasma peptides nor with salts.All kinin derivatives were kindly supplied by Dr. E. D. Nicholaides of Parke, Davis and Company, Ann Arbor, MI. Bradykinin and eledoisin were generously donated by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Hanover, NJ, and angiotensin II by Ciba Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, NJ.
An archaebacterial RNA polymerase binding site and transcription initiation of thehisA gene inMethanococcus vannielii (1988)

Transcription initiation of the hisA gene in vivo in the archaebacterium Methanococcus vannielii, as determined by nuclease S1 and primer extension analyses, occurs 73 base pairs (bp) upstream of the translation initiation site. Binding of M. vannielii RNA polymerase protects 43 bp of DNA, from 35 bp upstream (-35) to 8 bp downstream (+8) of the hisA mRNA initiation site, from digestion by DNase I and exonuclease III. An A + T rich region, with a sequence which conforms to the consensus sequence for promoters of stable RNA-encoding genes in methanogens, is found at the same location (-25) upstream of the polypeptide-encoding hisA gene. It appears therefore that a TATA-like sequence is also an element of promoters which direct transcription of polypeptide-encoding genes in this archaebacterium.
Metabolism of the Neonicotinoid Insecticides Acetamiprid and Thiacloprid by the Yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Strain IM-2 (2010)

A yeast identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain IM-2 was able to degrade acetamiprid (AAP) and thiacloprid (THI) in sucrose mineral salt medium with half-lives of 3.7 and 14.8 days, respectively, while it did not degrade imidacloprid and imidaclothiz. Identification of metabolites indicated that R. mucilaginosa IM-2 selectively converted AAP and THI by hydrolysis of AAP to form an intermediate metabolite IM 1-3 and hydrolysis of THI to form an amide derivative, respectively. Metabolite IM 1-3 had no insecticidal activity, while the THI amide showed considerable insecticidal activity but was 15.6 and 38.6 times lower than the parent THI following oral ingestion and a contact test against the horsebean aphid Aphis craccivora , respectively. The inoculated R. mucilaginosa IM-2 displayed biodegradability of AAP and THI in clay soils.
Accelerated Clearance of Carbon Monoxide by Normocapnic Hyperpnea in Human Subjects (1999)

The rate of carbon monoxide (CO) elimination is increased by CO 2 -stimulated ventilation in CO poisoned, unconscious dogs. However, most conscious humans are unlikely to tolerate prolonged breathing of 5-10% CO 2 . We proposed to determine: 1) the effect on the half-time of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) elimination (Tj/ 2 ) of a voluntary increase in ventilation of approximately 5 times from resting levels with FjO 2 = 100%); 2) whether this level of hyperpnea is sustainable long enough to provide therapeutic benefit when the PCO 2 is maintained at control levels; and 3) the effect of minute ventilation on the half time of elimination of carboxyhemoglobin. Methods: After obtaining institutional board approval, seven normal male volunteers were exposed to CO until their venous [COHb] reached 10%. They then breathed 100% O 2 at resting ventilation or approximately 5 times the resting level of ventilation (~96% O 2 , balance CO 2 ) for 1.5 h on separate days. A non-rebreathing circuit (Eur. Respir. J. 1998;12(3):698.) was used to prevent changes in P E ^CO 2 during hyperpnea. The Ty 2 was calculated from plots of [HbCO] versus time. Results: 1) The Tjy 2 significantly fell from 78 minutes at resting ventilation to 31 minutes with hyperpnea (p <0.01)(Figure P E T CO 2 during hyperpnea did not differ from that during resting ventilation.