gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CIELAB to CMYK Color Conversion by Prism and Slant Prism Interpolation Method (1994)

Device dependent color signals to/from a system should be converted into a standard color signal, such as CIELAB, for media independent color reproduction. In case of applying CIELAB to the standard color signals, the relationship between CMYK and L*a*b* is complicated in contrast to NTSC RGB and YIQ or others. This paper presents a transformation from L*a*b* to printer density by the Prism Interpolation) and Slant Prism Interpolation) have been developed to realize a flexible and high-speed color conversion.
Discovery of a Gene Involved in a Third Bacterial Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Activity through Comparative Genomic Analysis and Functional Complementation (2011)

Tetrapyrroles are ubiquitous molecules in nearly all living organisms. Heme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole, is widely distributed in nature, including most characterized aerobic and facultative bacteria. A large majority of bacteria that contain heme possess the ability to synthesize it. Despite this capability and the fact that the biosynthetic pathway has been well studied, enzymes catalyzing at least three steps have remained "missing" in many bacteria. In the current work, we have employed comparative genomics via the SEED genomic platform, coupled with experimental verification utilizing Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, to identify one of the missing enzymes, a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the penultimate enzyme in heme biosynthesis. COG1981 was identified by genomic analysis as a candidate protein family for the missing enzyme in bacteria that lacked HemG or HemY, two known protoporphyrinogen oxidases. The predicted amino acid sequence of COG1981 is unlike those of the known enzymes HemG and HemY, but in some genomes, the gene encoding it is found neighboring other heme biosynthetic genes. When the COG1981 gene was deleted from the genome of A. baylyi, a bacterium that lacks both hemG and hemY, the organism became auxotrophic for heme. Cultures accumulated porphyrin intermediates, and crude cell extracts lacked protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity. The heme auxotrophy was rescued by the presence of a plasmid-borne protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene from a number of different organisms, such as hemG from Escherichia coli, hemY from Myxococcus xanthus, or the human gene for protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
Oral contraceptive pill as treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea (2009)

There is limited evidence for pain improvement with the use of the OCP (both low and medium dose oestrogen) in women with dysmenorrhoea. There is no evidence of a difference between different OCP preparations.
Optical monitoring system for scalable all-optical networks (2002)

High traffic and high capacity communications are believed to become cost-effective with the use of all-optical networks based on OFDM (optical frequency division multiplexing). In such networks, new strategies for OA and M (operation, administration and maintenance) functions need to be developed so as to suit the introduction of a new optical layer where in wavelength routing is exploited and faults are detected in a transparent manner. In this paper, we propose a scheme to monitor optical channels in the optical layer for supporting OA and M functions of a transparent and scalable photonic network.
<title>Detection of mercury compounds using invertase-glucose oxidase-based biosensor</title> (1995)

Mercury compounds have been determined with an electrochemical biosensor based on invertase inhibition. When invertase is in the presence of mercury its activity decreases; this causes a decrease of glucose production which is monitored by the glucose sensor and correlated to the concentration of mercury in solution. Parameters as pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and reaction and incubation time were optimized. Mercury compounds determination using soluble or immobilized invertase were reported. Results show that the inhibition was competitive and reversible. Mercury compounds can be detected directly in aqueous solution in the range 2 - 10 ppb.
Quality assurance and data collection -- Electronic Data Transfer (1993)

The Radiological Environmental Monitoring (REM) group at the Fernald Environmental Management Project is involved in an Electronic Data Transfer practice that will result in the improved quality assurance of collected data. This practice focuses on electronic data transfer from the recording instrument to reduce the manpower normally required for manual data entry and improve the quality of the data transferred. The application of this practice can enhance any data collection program where instruments with electronic memories and a signal output are utilized. Organizations employing this practice can strengthen the quality and efficiency of their data collection program. The use of these practices can assist in complying with Quality Assurance requirements under ASME NQA-1, RCRA, CERCLA, and DOE Order activities. Data from Pylon AB-5 instrumentation is typically configured to print data to a tape. The REM group has developed a process to electronically transfer stored data. The data are sent from the Pylon AB-5 field instrument to a HewlettPackard portable hand computer, model HP95LX. Data are recorded and stored on a 128 K-byte RAN card and later transferred to a PC database as an electronic file for analysis. The advantage of this system is twofold: (1) Data entry errors are eliminated and (2) considerable data collection and entry time is eliminated. Checks can then be conducted for data validity between recorded intervals due to light leaks etc. and the detection of outliers. This paper will discuss the interface and connector components that allow this transfer of data from the Pylon to the PC to take place and the process to perform that activity.
Solid-State Characterization of Chlordiazepoxide Polymorphs (1998)

A novel crystal form (form II) of the benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide is reported. The new polymorphic phase was characterized and distinguished from the standard form (form I) by X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, microscopy, solution calorimetry, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The formation of form II was dependent on the crystallizing solvent, being the predominant form isolated from methanol. Recrystallization from other alcoholic solutions (ethanol, propanol, and butanol) and toluene yielded form I. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the two forms were enantiotropically related with a transition of form II to form I occurring between 200 and 225 degreesC. Visual examination by hot stage microscopy in this temperature range revealed a dramatic solid-state transition. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was performed on form II which was found to crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 10.736(2) A, b = 16.921(4) A, c = 17.041(4) A, alpha = 100.76(1) degrees, beta = 95.27(1) degrees, gamma = 97.53(1) degrees, Z = 8, and dcal = 1.33 g/cm3. When compared with the published crystal structure of form I, the cell symmetry, volume, and density were similar. Both structures consisted of four crystallographically independent molecules linked in pairs through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Differences were observed in the packing arrangement of the dimers in the polymorphs. The small heat of transition calculated from solution calorimetry (1.5 kJ mol-1) was sufficient to effect a crystallographic rearrangement of the dimers.
Reversible Protein Capture and Release by Redox-Responsive Hydrogel in Microfluidics (2022)

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have a wide range of potential applications in microfluidics, which has drawn great attention. Double cross-linked hydrogels are very well suited for this application as they offer both stability and the required responsive behavior. Here, we report the integration of poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) hydrogel with a permanent cross-linker (<i>N,N'</i>-methylenebisacrylamide, BIS) and a redox responsive reversible cross-linker (<i>N,N'</i>-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, BAC) into a microfluidic device through photopolymerization. Cleavage and re-formation of disulfide bonds introduced by BAC changed the cross-linking densities of the hydrogel dots, making them swell or shrink. Rheological measurements allowed for selecting hydrogels that withstand long-term shear forces present in microfluidic devices under continuous flow. Once implemented, the thiol-disulfide exchange allowed the hydrogel dots to successfully capture and release the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA was labeled with rhodamine B and functionalized with 2-(2-pyridyldithio)-ethylamine (PDA) to introduce disulfide bonds. The reversible capture and release of the protein reached an efficiency of 83.6% in release rate and could be repeated over 3 cycles within the microfluidic device. These results demonstrate that our redox-responsive hydrogel dots enable the dynamic capture and release of various different functionalized (macro)molecules (e.g., proteins and drugs) and have a great potential to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device for detection and/or delivery.
10.1007/s11827-008-1005-8 (2010)

This study focuses on the oxygen-dependence of active and passive K+ fluxes across membranes of cerebellar granule cells of neonatal rats. Maximal Na+,K+-ATPase activity along with minimal passive K+ influx was observed within oxygen concentration range characteristic for neonatal rat cerebellum. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia as well as hyperoxia resulted in suppression of the Na+,K+-ATPase and activation of the passive K+ flux. Toxic effects of hypoxia could be partially prevented by inhibition of NO production with L-NAME. This was accomplished by suppression of Na+,K+-ATPase with subsequent reduction in ATP consumption concurrently with the reduction in passive K+ flux. Activation of the Na+,K+-ATPase by NO at physiological pO2 could be abolished by inhibition of NO synthase by L-NAME or soluble guanylyl cyclase with ODQ. However, treatment of cells with activator of PKG Rp-8-CTP did not mimic normoxic activation of the active K+ influx. Oxygen-induced responses under normoxic conditions were differentially mediated by α1 isoform of the Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic subunit, whereas α2/3 isoform was predominantly active under conditions of severe hypoxia. We conclude that both hypoxia and hyperoxia trigger a gradual dissipation of transmembrane K+ gradient and loss of excitability of cerebellar neurons. The latter may be partially reversed by suppression of NO production under hypoxic conditions
Inter-Cell Network Slicing With Transfer Learning Empowered Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (2023)

Network slicing enables operators to cost-efficiently support diverse applications on a common physical infrastructure. The ever-increasing densification of network deployment leads to complex and non-trivial inter-cell interference, which requires more than inaccurate analytic models to dynamically optimize resource management for network slices. In this paper, we develop a DRIP algorithm with multiple deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents to cooperatively optimize resource partition in individual cells to fulfill the requirements of each slice, based on two alternative reward functions with max-min fairness and logarithmic utility. Nevertheless, existing DRL approaches usually tie the pretrained model parameters to specific network environments with poor transferability, which raises practical deployment concerns in large-scale mobile networks. Hence, we design a novel transfer learning-aided DIRP (TL-DIRP) algorithm to ease the transfer of DRIP agents across different network environments in terms of sample efficiency, model reproducibility, and algorithm scalability. The TL-DIRP algorithm first centrally trains a generalized model and then transfers the “generalist” to each local agent (a.k.a., the “specialist”) with distributed finetuning and execution. TL-DIRP consists of two steps: 1) centralized training of a generalized distributed model, and 2) transferring the “generalist” to each local agent with distributed finetuning and execution. We comprehensively investigate different types of transferable knowledge: model transfer, instance transfer, and combined model and instance transfer. We evaluate the proposed algorithms in a system-level network simulator with 12 cells. The numerical results show that not only DIRP outperforms existing baseline approaches in terms of faster convergence and higher reward, but more importantly, TL-DIRP significantly improves the service performance, with reduced exploration cost, accelerated convergence rate, and enhanced model reproducibility. As compared to a traffic-aware baseline, TL-DIRP provides about 15% less violation ratio of the quality of service (QoS) for the worst slice service and 8.8% less violation on the average service QoS.
A new approach to layout of custom analog cells (1991)

A new layout system for analog cells is presented. Unlike most other systems, the problem of interaction is addressed: the goal is to enable an analog expert to achieve the layout of common analog cells, in less than half a day, the final result being as good as a totally handcrafted layout. The system is divided into two main parts: first, the primitives which are necessary to generate the layout of analog cells (generation of devices, associations and symmetries of basic elements, interactive routing); second, an easy to use graphic environment, which provides enough interaction in the manipulation of basic structures to enable the designer to reach the layout he desires. Many real cells have been laid out using this tool. Some final results on silicon are reported. >
Unique Asymptotics of Compact Ancient Solutions to three-dimensional Ricci flow (2019)

We consider compact ancient solutions to the three-dimensional Ricci flow which are noncollapsed. We prove that such a solutions is either a family of shrinking round spheres, or it has a unique asymptotic behavior as $t \to -\infty$ which we describe. This analysis applies in particular to the ancient solution constructed by Perelman.
The synthesis of birnessite, cryptomelane, and some other oxides and hydroxides of manganese (1971)

Summary Detailed methods are described for the laboratory preparation of the manganese minerals manganosite, hausmannite, manganite, partridgeite, birnessite, cryptomelane, pyrolusite, and todorokite. New data are presented on the conversion of birnessite to cryptomelane, and on the exchange properties of potassium in these two minerals. It was found that the upper limit of potassium in cryptomelane is about 7 % K, while the lower limit lies between 0·25 % and 2·2 % K.
Evidence for a Two-Step Mechanism in Electronically Selective Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Reactions (2005)

Covalent and noncovalent chemistries that are selective to single-walled carbon nanotubes of a particular electronic type have become increasingly important for electronic structure separation and on-chip modification of nanoelectronic devices. By monitoring transient Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) during a reaction with 4-chlorobenzene diazonium in aqueous solution, evidence for a characteristic two-step mechanism with two distinct time constants is uncovered. A long-lived intermediate selectively and noncovalently binds and partially dopes the nanotube surface (tau = 2.4 min). A slower, covalent reaction is tracked using the time-dependent increase in the disorder mode in Raman (tau = 73 min). The transient Raman and PL data are well described using a series of two first-order reactions. The covalent bonding step can be deactivated by changing the structure of the surfactant adsorbed phase, further supporting the mechanism.
Mueller matrix polarimetry with 3D integral imaging (2019)

In this paper, we introduce the Mueller matrix imaging concepts for 3D Integral Imaging Polarimetry. The Mueller matrix of a complex scene is measured and estimated with 3D integral imaging. This information can be used to analyze the complex polarimetric behavior of any 3D scene. In particular, we show that the degree of polarization can be estimated at any selected plane for any arbitrary synthetic illumination source which may be difficult to produce in practice. This tool might open new perspectives for polarimetric analysis in the 3D domain. Also, we illustrate that 2D polarimetric images are noisier than 3D reconstructed polarimetric integral imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on Mueller matrix polarimetry in 3D Integral Imaging.
High-salt diet induces gastric epithelial hyperplasia and parietal cell loss, and enhances Helicobacter pylori colonization in C57BL/6 mice. (1999)

A high-salt diet in humans and experimental animals is known to cause gastritis, has been associated with a high risk of atrophic gastritis, and is considered a gastric tumor promoter. In laboratory rodents, salt is known to cause gastritis, and when coadministered, it promotes the carcinogenic effects of known gastric carcinogens. Because Helicobacter pylori has been associated with a progression from gastritis to gastric cancer, we designed a study to determine whether excessive dietary NaCl would have an effect on colonization and gastritis in the mouse model of H. pylori infection. Seventy-two, 8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were infected with H. pylori strain Sydney, and 36 control mice were dosed with vehicle only. One-half of the infected and control mice were fed a high-salt diet (7.5% versus 0.25%) for 2 weeks prior to dosing and throughout the entire experiment. Twelve infected and 6 control animals from the high-salt and normal diet groups were euthanized at 4, 8, and 16 weeks. At 8 and 16 weeks postinfection (WPI), the colony-forming units per gram of tissue were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the corpus and antrum of animals in the high-salt diet group compared with those on the normal diet. Quantitative urease was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 4 and 8 WPI in the corpus and antrum of animals on the high-salt diet when compared with controls. At 16 WPI, mice in both the normal and the high-salt diet groups developed moderate to marked atrophic gastritis of the corpus in response to H. pylori infection. However, the gastric pits of the corpus mucosa in mice on the high-salt diet were elongated and colonized by H. pylori more frequently than those in mice on the normal diet. The high-salt diet was also associated with a significant increase in proliferation in the proximal corpus and antrum and a multifocal reduction in parietal cell numbers in the proximal corpus, resulting in the elongation of gastric pits. We conclude that excessive NaCl intake enhances H. pylori colonization in mice and in humans and that chronic salt intake may exacerbate gastritis by increasing H. pylori colonization. Furthermore, elevated salt intake may potentiate H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis by inducing proliferation, pit cell hyperplasia, and glandular atrophy.
A Generic Approach to the Static Analysis of Concurrent Programs with Procedures (2003)

We present a generic aproach to the static analysis of concurrent programs with procedures. We model programs as communicating pushdown systems. It is known that typical dataflow problems for this model are undecidable, because the emptiness problem for the intersection of context-free languages, which is undecidable, can be reduced to them. In this paper we propose an algebraic framework for defining abstractions (upper approximations) of context-free languages. We consider two classes of abstractions: finite-chain abstractions, which are abstractions whose domains do not contain any infinite chains, and commutative abstractions corresponding to classes of languages that contain a word if and only if they contain all its permutations. We show how to compute such approximations by combining automata theoretic techniques with algorithms for solving systems of polynomial inequations in Kleene algebras.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Extrathyroidal Extension: Prognosis and the Role of External Beam Radiotherapy (2010)

A study was performed to identify variables that affected cause-specific survival (CSS) and local relapse-free rate (LRFR) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and extrathyroid extension (ETE) and to examine the role of external beam radiotherapy (XRT). Prognostic factors were similar to those found in studies of all patients with DTC. In patients with postoperative gross residual disease treated with radiotherapy, 10-year CSS and LRFR were 48% and 90%. For patients with no residual or microscopic disease, 10-year CSS and LRFR were 92% and 93%. In patients older than 60 years with T3 ETE but no gross residual disease postoperatively there was an improved LRFR at 5 years of 96%, compared to 87.5% without XRT (P = .02). Patients with gross ETE benefit from XRT and there may be a potential benefit in reducing locoregional failure in patients over 60 years with minimal extrathyroidal extension (T3).
A comparison of procedures to determine free fatty acids in rat heart (1978)

The level of free fatty acids in intact tissues has been found to be low but is known to rise in proportion to the extent of autolysis. Therefore, the high levels of free fatty acid reported in the cardiac lipids of rats fed rapeseed oil were reinvestigated using two different procedures for homogenization. Quick freezing and pulverization at dry ice temperature followed by lipid extraction was found to give lower values of free fatty acids (200 microgram/g of wet heart tissue) than the more commonly used technique of employing rotating blade-type homogenizers (greater than 1700 microgram/g of wet heart tissue). The amount of diglycerides was found to be 3 times greater when the latter method was used. The high levels of free fatty acid and diglyceride suggest that extensive autolysis occurs during homogenization with a rotating blade-type homogenizer. Freezing and pulverization at dry ice temperature is therefore recommended for determining intact lipid classes in rat heart.
Optimality of Linear Sketching under Modular Updates (2018)

We study the relation between streaming algorithms and linear sketching algorithms, in the context of binary updates. We show that for inputs in $n$ dimensions, the existence of efficient streaming algorithms which can process $Ω(n^2)$ updates implies efficient linear sketching algorithms with comparable cost. This improves upon the previous work of Li, Nguyen and Woodruff [LNW14] and Ai, Hu, Li and Woodruff [AHLW16] which required a triple-exponential number of updates to achieve a similar result for updates over integers. We extend our results to updates modulo $p$ for integers $p \ge 2$, and to approximation instead of exact computation.
Image transfer by mutually pumped phase conjugators (1996)

Cross talk is observed during the transient time of the photorefractive grating formation in a mutually pumped phase conjugator. We show that this feature can be used to transfer pictorial information from one location to another. The transfer is instantaneous and is demonstrated at a resolution of 6 lines/mm.