gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Patient Outcome Prediction Tool Relative to Surgeon Predictions of Patient Outcome in Total Knee Arthroplasty (2022)

A key goal of all TKA alignment strategies is to achieve joint balance. This study aims to compare the alignments achieved by preoperatively planning to a novel distracted joint gap protocol to common alignment strategies as well as to the alignment of a healthy non-arthritic population. A retrospective study comprised of 145 knees was performed. A long-leg supine CT scan, weightbearing AP knee X-ray and two distracted knee X-rays (one each in extension and flexion, making use of an ankle weight to open the joint) were taken pre-operatively. This imaging was used to perform segmentation, landmarking and 3D-to-2D registration. The medial and lateral joint gaps were determined in extension and flexion. The mean weightbearing, KA planned and distracted joint planned HKA were 4.7° (±5.9°) varus, 0.3° (±3.2°) varus, and 2.2° (±3.5°) varus. This compares to a healthy adult HKA of 1.3° (±2.3°) varus. A patient level comparison between the planned KA and distracted joint HKA found that the coronal angles of the two alignments are within 3° of each other for 64% patients, within 3-5° for 26% of patients and greater than 5° for the remaining 10% of patients. Of those compared, the planned distracted HKA was the closest to the constitutional varus HKA of a healthy population. Patient level analysis highlighted the fundamental differences between the planned KA and joint distracted alignments. By considering both hard and soft tissue, the planned joint distracted alignment allows for a more holistic foundation for pre-operative surgical planning for a given patient.
Determination of part-per-trillion levels of sulfur dioxide in humid air (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of part-per-trillion levels of sulfur dioxide in humid airDonald C. Thornton, Arthur R. Driedger, and Alan R. BandyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 13, 2688–2691Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00126a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00126a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Umibecestat in the API Generation program: Worsening in RBANS and/or CDR on treatment reverses after wash‐out (2020)

Abstract Background Recruitment in the API Generation program and treatment with umibecestat were terminated in July 2019 after detection of an early signal of mild worsening in some measures of cognitive function with umibecestat. Participants were followed to assess the reversibility of these and other observed effects. We will summarize the key clinical results for umibecestat vs placebo during treatment and follow up. Method Following randomization to umibecestat or placebo, clinical assessments were scheduled at month 3, month 6 and every 6 month thereafter. After discontinuation of study medication, participants underwent a full evaluation within 3 months of the last dose. Data will be presented for visits on‐ and off‐treatment. For visits off‐treatment, results will be compared for visits occurring before vs after wash‐out of umibecestat (&gt; 31 days after last dose). Analysis of cognitive scales in relation to age, sex, genotype and amyloid status, and a safety summary will also be presented. Result At termination about 650 participants had reached week 26. The final evaluation was performed on most of the 1561 ongoing participants (45% after wash‐out). Worsening was detected in a group‐level comparison at month 3 and month 6 in both studies for the two doses of umibecestat (effect size 0.2‐0.3 for RBANS Total, Immediate and Delayed Memory indices). Analysis from the visits conducted after wash‐out indicated that key cognitive findings seen before wash‐out were reversible: we saw no more between‐group differences in RBANS and no more imbalance in the proportion of participants having a &gt;14‐point decrease in total RBANS or &gt; 1‐point increase in CDR‐SB after wash‐out. Similar findings were also seen in homozygotes without elevated amyloid. Conclusion The negative effect of umibecestat vs placebo on RBANS and CDR‐SOB was detected as early as month 3 and was detectable throughout the treatment period, but was no longer present after wash‐out of umibecestat. This effect seems to be independent of the presence of brain amyloid. Confirmation of the contemporary reversibility of worsening in measures of cognition is an important result to inform development of future prevention therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
<title>Runlength encoding of quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients</title> (1995)

Runlength encoding is used in image and video compression methods to efficiently store quantized Discrete Cosine Transform coefficients. The coefficients for each block are scanned in a zig-zag fashion, and runs of zeros are entropy coded. In this paper we present a comparison of the bit-rate resulting from runlength encoding with the bit-rate calculated as the coefficient-wise sum of entropies. Our experiments with several images show that the two are very close in practice. This is a useful result, for example, for designing quantization matrices to meet any bit-rate requirement. We also present an analytical framework to study these bit- rates. We consider two variants of runlength encoding. In the first one, the symbols that are entropy-coded are (runlength, value) pairs. In the second variant, which is the one used in JPEG, values are grouped together into categories based on magnitude.
Cortactin Is an Essential Regulator of Matrix Metalloproteinase Secretion and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Invadopodia (2007)

Invadopodia are branched actin-rich structures associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation that collectively form the invasive machinery of aggressive cancer cells. Cortactin is a prominent component and a specific marker of invadopodia. Amplification of cortactin is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), possibly because of its activity in invadopodia. Although the role of cortactin in invadopodia has been attributed to signaling and actin assembly, it is incompletely understood. We made HNSCC cells deficient in cortactin by RNA interference knockdown methods. In these cortactin knockdown cells, invadopodia were reduced in number and lost their ability to degrade ECM. In the reverse experiment, overexpression of cortactin dramatically increased ECM degradation, far above and beyond the effect on formation of actin/Arp3-positive invadopodia puncta. Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as plasma membrane delivery of MT1-MMP correlated closely with cortactin expression levels. MMP inhibitor treatment of control cells mimicked the cortactin knockdown phenotype, with abolished ECM degradation and fewer invadopodia, suggesting a positive feedback loop in which degradation products from MMP activity promote new invadopodia formation. Collectively, these data suggest that a major role of cortactin in invadopodia is to regulate the secretion of MMPs and point to a novel mechanism coupling dynamic actin assembly to the secretory machinery, producing enhanced ECM degradation and invasiveness. Furthermore, these data provide a possible explanation for the observed association between cortactin overexpression and enhanced invasiveness and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients.
Investigation of the Ti‐Pt Diffusion Barrier for Gold Beam Leads on Aluminum (1978)

In order to avoid Al‐Au interactions and to ensure the electrical and mechanical stability of the Au beam leaded structures using Al metallization, a Ti‐Pt diffusion barrier between Al and Au has been investigated. Ti and Pt films of different thicknesses were employed as diffusion barriers. The resulting Al‐Ti‐Pt‐Au thin film sandwich structures were aged at temperatures in the range of 300°–500°C to evaluate the effectiveness of the barrier in preventing Al‐Au interaction. The interaction was followed by use of optical and electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and sheet resistance measurements. It was found that metallurgical interactions in these structures occurred at preferential sites which were shown to be hillocks in Al. On continued aging, reaction spread around these sites and finally covered the entire surface. The number of such reaction sites increased with decreasing barrier metal thickness and with increasing time and temperature of anneal. The reaction was considerably inhibited (i) by annealing Al at 450°C for hr prior to barrier metallization and (ii) by using at least 2000Å each of Ti and Pt in the barrier. An understanding of the effectiveness and need of a 2000Å Ti‐2000Å Pt diffusion barrier between Al and Au was obtained by additional studies of the metallurgical interactions induced in Al‐Pt, Al‐Ti, and Al‐Ti‐Au thin film sandwich structures by aging at temperatures in the range of 200°–500°C. Ti is required to cover Al well so as to prevent Al‐Pt interactions and Pt is required to prevent Ti‐Au interactions caused by diffusion of Au through Pt to Ti.
Heart Rate and Pulse Pressure Variability are Associated With Intractable Intracranial Hypertension After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2010)

Calculation of integer heart rate variability (HRVi) permits monitoring over extended periods. We asked whether continuous monitoring of HRVi or integer pulse pressure (PP) variability (PPVi) could predict intracranial hypertension, defined as ICP >20 mm Hg, cerebral hypoperfusion, defined as CPP<60 mm Hg, mortality or functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Dense integer data collected during continuous intensive care unit monitoring for periods of 1 to 11 days on 25 patients admitted to our Level I trauma center with Glasgow Coma Scale <9 provided 1,715,000 data points over a mean 106±62 hours. PP, HRVi, and PPVi increased in response to increasing ICP when CPP >60 mm Hg (P<0.001), but HRVi and PPVi decreased when CPP <60 mm Hg and P<50 mm Hg, even with ICP <20 mm Hg (P<0.001). ICP up to 40 mm Hg still evoked an increase in HRVi and PPVi (P<0.001), but both were suppressed with CPP <50 mm Hg and ICP >40 mm Hg (actual or impending brain death). Mean HRVi and PPVi predicted in-hospital mortality (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 91% to 100%). Combining HRVi and PPVi as an "autonomic index" (AI) best predicted long-term functional outcome [Area Under the Curve: 0.84±0.08 for AI <0.5]. Our data show that HRVi and PPVi can be monitored and calculated automatically and can provide useful prognostic information in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, particularly when combined into a single index.
Sexual Dimorphism in Growth as Measured by Microknemometry: Different Responses to GH Deficiency and Exogenous GH Administration (1998)

To monitor growth, a novel noninvasive leg length measurement technique, called microknemometry, which allows daily observation of tibial growth rate, was used. The rat exhibits a striking sex-related difference in postpubertal growth. Exogenous GH administration results in a sexually dimorphic response, affecting growth in normal young female rats but not in males. Here we investigated how chronic GH deficiency affects male and female rat growth patterns. The degree of growth rate recovery was investigated after exogenous GH administration to chronically deficient males and females. The deficiency was induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment. Since the neonatal gonadal environment plays an important role in the dimorphic growth pattern, neonatal androgenization of female rats with testosterone or neonatal feminization of male rats by castration was performed and the growth pattern monitored. MSG treatment decreased pituitary GH content and plasma IGF I levels in both sexes, but caused a less marked reduction of female rat tibial growth and body weight gain than in males. Additionally, only MSG-treated males showed decreased pituitary LH content, so that the dimorphic action of MSG on the gonadal axis may contribute to the observed differences in growth rate. GH administration was able to increase leg length in all MSG-treated rats but was more effective in females, despite a similar restoration of plasma IGF I levels in both sexes. Although neonatal castration of male rats resulted in a reduction of tibial growth rate and body weight, and neonatal testosterone administration to female rats caused a slight increase in body weight, a complete modification of the gender-dependent growth pattern was not achieved, indicating that appropriate steroid environment is also needed in puberty and adulthood.
Hybrid‐Mode‐Family Kerr Optical Parametric Oscillation for Robust Coherent Light Generation on Chip (2022)

Abstract Optical parametric oscillation (OPO) using the third‐order nonlinearity () in integrated photonics platforms is an emerging approach for coherent light generation, and has shown great promise in achieving broad spectral coverage with small device footprints and at low pump powers. However, current nanophotonic OPO devices use pump, signal, and idler modes of the same transverse spatial mode family. As a result, such single‐mode‐family OPO (sOPO) is inherently sensitive in dispersion and can be challenging to scalably fabricate and implement. In this work, a novel scheme is proposed using different families of transverse spatial modes for pump, signal, and idler, which is termed as hybrid‐mode‐family OPO (hOPO). The hOPO shows unprecedented robustness in dispersion versus device geometry, pump frequency, and temperature. Moreover, the hOPO is capable of generating a few milliwatts of output signal power with a conversion efficiency of 8 and without competitive processes. This hOPO scheme is an important counterpoint to the existing sOPO approach, and is particularly promising as a robust method to generate coherent on‐chip visible and infrared light sources.
Stimulated photon cascade and condensate in a relativistic laser-plasma interaction (2001)

The propagation of a linearly polarized relativistic laser pulse in an underdense plasma is studied by fluid-Maxwell and particle-in-cell simulations. A nonlinear interplay between backward and forward stimulated Raman scattering instabilities produces a strong spatial modulation of the light pulse and the down cascade in its frequency spectrum. The Raman cascade saturates by a unique photon condensation at the bottom of the light spectra near the electron plasma frequency, related to strong depletion and possible break-up of the laser beam. In the final stage of the cascade-into-condensate mechanism, the depleted downshifted laser pulse is gradually transformed into a train of ultra-short relativistic light solitons.
Virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in the absence of Th1-associated transcription factors (2013)

Effector and memory CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are critical for the control of many intracellular pathogens. The development of these populations is governed by transcription factors that molecularly control their differentiation, function, and maintenance. Two transcription factors known to be involved in these processes are Tbet and STAT4. Although Tbet has been shown to regulate CD8 T cell fate decisions and effector CD4 T cell choices, the contribution of STAT4 is less well understood. To address this, we examined the impact of STAT4 on T cell responses in the presence or absence of Tbet, following LCMV infection by using mice lacking Tbet, STAT4, or both transcription factors. STAT4 was not required for Tbet or Eomes expression; however, virus-specific effector CD8 T cells are skewed toward a memory-precursor phenotype in the absence of STAT4. This altered proportion of memory precursors did not result in an increase in memory CD8 T cells after the resolution of the infection. We also demonstrate that virus-specific effector and memory CD4 T cells formed independently of Tbet and STAT4, although a slight reduction in the number of antigen-specific CD4 T cells was apparent in mice lacking both transcription factors. Collectively, we have discovered distinct roles for Tbet and STAT4 in shaping the phenotype and function of virus-specific T cell responses.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Direct comparison of tadalafil with sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2019)

adherence and persistence rates between tadalafil and sildenafil. Additionally, the myalgia and back pain rates were higher and the flushing rate was lower with tadalafil than with sildenafil. Conclusion Tadalafil shares a similar efficacy and safety with sildenafil and significantly improves patients' sexual confidence. Furthermore, patients and their partners prefer tadalafil to sildenafil. Hence, tadalafil may be a better choice for ED treatment.
Pressureless sintering of ZrB2–SiC composite laminates using boron and carbon as sintering aids (2013)

A processing method common to composite ceramics with very different ZrB2/SiC ratios was developed in order to exploit ZrB2–SiC laminates comprising alternate layers with different compositions for thermal protection systems of re-entry vehicles. Ceramic laminates were made using SiC, ZrB2 and composites with a SiC/ZrB2 ratio ranging from 100 vol.-%SiC to 100 vol.-%ZrB2. The preparation was performed by tape casting of a slurry, layer stacking, debinding and pressureless sintering. Boron and carbon proved to be suitable sintering aids for SiC laminates as well as for composite laminates containing SiC. In the case of composites with a ZrB2 matrix, the second phase of SiC acted as a sintering aid. This process obtains very similar densification for specimens with very different compositions (ranging from 100%SiC to 80ZrB2–20SiC). The stiffness of ZrB2–SiC laminates increased with the ZrB2 content increase, while the bending strength was not affected by the ZrB2/SiC ratio.
The design of peripheral circuits of inductive coupling type electrode-less discharge lamp (2004)

Recently, the ultraviolet disinfection is spreading in place of the chlorine sterilization that affects the ecosystem of the downstream in the river. In this paper, the new lighting system of electrodeless discharge lamp for ultraviolet disinfection is proposed, which realized high safety and long life. By developing the method for stably supplying the necessary electric power to the lamp in the case of the low coil voltage, it became possible to extend the life of the discharge lamp, and to improve reliability of the equipment. By experiments, the practicability of the proposed system could be confirmed.
Production of human-human hybridomas secreting antibody to sheep erythrocytes after in vitro immunization. (1984)

This report describes the formation of human hybridomas after in vitro immunization of tonsillar lymphocytes and fusion of the stimulated lymphocytes with a human lymphoblastoid cell line, WI-L279HF2. Lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and polyclonal activators (PCA). By varying the duration of in vitro immunization before fusion and varying the PCA concentrations, the optimal conditions for cell fusion, hybrid cell growth, nonspecific immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, and secretion of antibody to SRBC were determined. Lymphocytes cultured allogeneically at 5 X 10(6) cells per well in 24-well plates with SRBC and PCA (PWM, 1/10,000 dilution or LPS, 5 micrograms/ml) fused with the greatest efficiency. PWM-stimulated cultures fused on day 6 of in vitro stimulation yielded the greatest number of wells containing Ig-secreting hybridomas, whereas LPS-stimulated cultures produced more wells with hybridomas secreting Ig when fused on day 7 of stimulation. In vitro stimulation conducted in tissue culture flasks produced fewer wells with hybrid cell growth and Ig secretion. A fusion ratio of 1:1 (lymphocyte:WI-L2729HF2) yielded the most hybrid formation. Ig levels in wells with hybrid cell growth varied greatly, from less than 10 ng/ml up to 30 micrograms/ml. Ig of IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes were produced. The addition of lymphocyte conditioned medium to in vitro immunization cultures does not improve the yield of Ig-secreting hybridomas. Hybrid cells secreting antibody to SRBC were cloned and analyzed for HLA specificities and chromosome numbers. Additionally hybridoma cells were formed after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normal individuals by fusion of the stimulated lymphocytes with WI-L2-729HF2. Hybridoma formation with PBL was less successful, but hybridoma cells secreting antibody to SRBC after in vitro stimulation were isolated.
Evidence against a potential endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane domain of 27K zein expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1995)

During the cellular protein targeting process, zeins (maize storage proteins) are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they accumulate into protein bodies. There are circumstantial and preliminary data indicating that the 27K zein, a class of zein proteins, may span the ER membrane. This potential transmembrane domain is considered very significant with regard to the mechanism of ER retention for zeins. The potential transmembrane domain may permit the 27K zein to remain in the ER and to serve as an anchor for other classes of zein, thus acting as a nucleating factor for protein body formation. This study investigated the potential transmembrane feature in a heterologous system (Xenopus laevis oocyte). Following injection of synthetic 27K zein mRNA, isolated protein vesicles were subjected to proteinase K digestion, surface biotinylation and alkaline extraction. Throughout three categories of assay the possible role of the 27K zein as a transmembrane protein was consistently refuted in this study. The 27K zein polypeptide was affected by neither proteinase K digestion nor biotinylation and was released from alkali-stripped membranes. This study, therefore, concludes that the 27K zein is not a protein body nucleating factor by virtue of an ER transmembrane feature.
DONet: A Data-Driven Overlay Network For Efficient Live Media Streaming (2005)

Online Bayesian learning has been successfully applied to online learning for multilayer perceptrons and radial basis functions. In online Bayesian learning, typically, the conventional transition model has been used. Although the conventional transition model is based on the squared norm of the difference between the current parameter vector and the previous parameter vector, the transition model does not adequately consider the difference between the current observation model and the previous observation model. To adequately consider this difference between the observation models, we propose a natural sequential prior. The proposed transition model uses a Fisher information matrix to consider the difference between the observation models more naturally. For validation, the proposed transition model is applied to an online learning problem for a three-layer perceptron.