gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen, and an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, terfenadine, alone and in combination on allergen induced immediate bronchoconstriction in man. (1987)

The effect of flurbiprofen, a potent cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, on histamine and methacholine reactivity was assessed in seven atopic subjects with asthma. Flurbiprofen 150 mg daily for three days displaced the histamine-FEV1 concentration-response curve to the right by 1.5 doubling doses, whereas no effect was observed on the response to methacholine. Subsequently the effects of flurbiprofen and terfenadine, a specific H1 histamine receptor antagonist, on allergen induced bronchoconstriction were studied in seven atopic but non-asthmatic subjects. The subjects inhaled the concentration of grass pollen allergen that had previously been shown to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 on separate occasions after prior treatment with placebo, flurbiprofen 150 mg daily for three days, terfenadine 180 mg three hours before challenge, and the combination of flurbiprofen and terfenadine. After placebo, allergen challenge caused a mean (SEM) maximum fall in FEV1 of 37.6% (2.6%) after 20 (3.7) minutes, followed by a gradual recovery to within 15% of baseline at 60 minutes. Terfenadine reduced the maximum allergen provoked fall in FEV1 to 21.5% (2.2%) and reduced the area under the time-response curve (AUC) by 50% (6%). Flurbiprofen alone reduced the mean maximum fall in FEV1 to 29.6% (3.2%) and reduced the AUC by 26%. The effect of the combination of flurbiprofen and terfenadine did not differ significantly from that of terfenadine alone. We conclude that histamine and prostaglandins contribute to immediate allergen induced bronchoconstriction and that a complex interaction occurs between the two classes of mediators.
The Preparation of Sodium Borohydride by the High Temperature Reaction of Sodium Hydride with Borate Esters1 (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Sodium Borohydride by the High Temperature Reaction of Sodium Hydride with Borate Esters1H. I. Schlesinger, Herbert C. Brown, and A. E. FinholtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1, 205–209Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01097a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01097a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1995Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Tradeoff Control to Concurrent Product and Process Design (1998)

Concurrent product and process design may be modeled as a generalized two-objective optimization problem. The first objective characterizes "product design" with. the aim of best enhancing product functionality, while the second objective corresponds to "process de sign" with the aim of minimizing overall manufacturing costs. However, these performing goals may be mutually conflicting in arriving con currently at their respective optima, therefore, design tradeoffs must be settled in order to achieve a best compromise design. In this work, an adaptive tradeoff parameter, λ(0 ≤ λ ≤ 1.0), is introduced to adaptively control the progressive design tradeoffs between the two per forming goals by calibrating the tradeoff parameter λ over the interval of 0 to 1.0 A fuzzy control scheme is proposed to control the iteration-based design tradeoffs with concurrent design progression for an optimal compromise selttlement in design. Three design models are presented to accommodate different tradeoff scenarios in concurrent design. The proposed approach is illustrated through the case study of a welded beam design.
Bacterial decontamination of liquids with pulsed electric fields (2000)

The effect of pulsed electric fields on the viability of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, in liquids has been studied since the 1960's. Experimental results obtained over a large range of electrical and microbiological parameters, point towards an irreversible formation of pores in the cell membrane as the mechanism for lysing. The model of membrane pore formation seems to fail only for ultrashort electrical pulses, where intracellular effects, and possibly resonant effects, might dominate. This paper presents an overview of the effect of pulsed electric fields on the viability of microorganisms in liquids, In particular, the lytic effect of variations in the electrical pulse parameters, such as pulse shape, amplitude, duration, and single shot vs. repetitive operation, is described, A major application of the pulsed electric field method is 'cold' bacterial decontamination of liquid food and drinking water. The energy consumption for complete bacterial decontamination is presently 100 to 400 kJ/l. A possible reduction of the required energy by utilizing intracellular electric field interactions and resonance effects is discussed.
Biological control of water hyacinth – the South African experience1 (2008)

Water hyacinth remains one of the worst aquatic weeds worldwide, and its presence in South Africa since the early twentieth century prompted research into biological control options. The first control agent released in South Africa was the weevil Neochetina eichhorniae in 1974, but the project was terminated three years later, and resumed in 1985. Since then, five arthropod biocontrol agents have been released in South Africa, more than anywhere else in the world, including another weevil, N. bruchi , a moth, Niphograpta albiguttalis , a mite, Orthogalumna terebrantis and a mirid, Eccritotarsus catarinensis . To date, the success of biological control of water hyacinth in South Africa has been variable, and this has been ascribed to, amongst other factors, climatic incompatibility of control agents, and eutrophication of water hyacinth impoundments. Successful control is achieved in warm subtropical sites which are not affected by frost in winter, and in water bodies that are not heavily polluted with nitrates and phosphates. The biocontrol programme is the result of collaborative research with scientists from the USA, Australia and Argentina, and the experience obtained and lessons learned in these regions and South Africa can be used to initiate a biocontrol programme in Europe.
4×, 3‐level, blind ADC‐based receiver (2015)

The design of a 4× blind analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC)‐based receiver implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. The ADC, which has three levels with two adjustable thresholds, effectively implements a speculative decision‐feedback equaliser. By reducing the ADC resolution and by simplifying the digital clock and data recovery design, the power consumption is reduced by a factor of 2 compared with previous works. Measurement results confirm a bit error rate of &lt;10 − 12 at 5 Gbit/s with a high‐frequency jitter tolerance of 0.39 and 0.31 UI pp for a 9.3 and a 12.9 dB FR4 channel, respectively. The entire receiver consumes 63 and 86 mW for the respective channels.
Fabrication and transmission characteristics of couplers using photonic crystal fibers (2003)

We have fabricated two types of fiber couplers using the photonic crystal fibers. The fabrication process of the PCF and the PCF coupler has been presented. With the 4 hole PCF coupler, the starting point of coupling could be obtained after pulling about 2.8 mm, and that of the 5 stack PCF was longer than that of the 4 hole PCF by two times. When the source of 1 mW was launched by a tunable laser diode, the sum of both outputs was about 3% of input power with the 5 stack PCF coupler. It was larger than that of the 4 hole PCF coupler. We have also observed that the peak wavelength of the output port 2 compared with the output port 1 was increased by about several pm with both couplers. In discussion, because the fusion splicing loss between the PCF and a single mode patch cord was about 5 dB, the sum of output power was rather small. If the coupling loss can be decreased, by using a well-designed PCF, these devices can be potentially useful for applications of optical communications.
Major factors influencing local dust radiative forcing (2008)

In conclusion, it is shown in this paper that surface albedo variations over desert regions can have a significant influence on the solar and net radiative forcing of desert dust. It is furthermore concluded that desert dust has mostly a cooling effect over oceans, and a warming effect over highly reflecting desert regions. The widespread non-sphericity of the dust particles causes a challenge; it yields an additional contribution to the cooling effect. It is also concluded here that it might be more appropriate not to start with microphysical properties in order to quantify the dust particle radiative effects. Direct measurements of the optical dust particle properties are preferable, otherwise too much uncertainties are coming into play (shape, composition, size). Using the microphysical properties is more suited if the sensitivity of the radiative forcing is investigated.
Immunohistochemical detection and significance of axillary lymph node micrometastases in breast carcinoma. A study of 97 cases. (1993)

Paraffin blocks of all axillary lymph nodes from 97 patients with an initial histologic diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and negative axillary nodes were recut and stained with two monoclonal antibodies, AE/AE3 (antikeratin) and DF3 (developed against breast cancer cells and reactive with a glycoprotein tumor-associated antigen). Immunohistochemical staining detected occult micrometastases in 20 patients (20.6%). No patient had more than three lymph nodes involved by tumor. Review of the original hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed that foci of tumor were initially overlooked in nine of these cases (9.3%). In the remaining 11 cases (11.3%) the metastatic foci were encountered in the process of recutting the paraffin blocks for immunohistochemical studies. AE1/AE3 proved to be the more effective of the two antibodies in staining micrometastases. After a mean follow-up period of 5.7 years, no significant decrease in survival or increase in tumor recurrence was detected for patients with occult micrometastases as compared to those patients without micrometastases.
Radiolabeled Targeted peptides for Imaging Infection in Mice Models (2016)

1132 Objectives Synthetic molecules have been developed to specifically target lipids of interest on bacterial surfaces. These molecular probes provide opportunities to target bacteria infections in vivo for both imaging and therapy. An unnatural amino acid that preferentially binds to lipids with amine groups via formation of iminoboronates was radiolabeled with 64Cu and explored as a PET imaging agent to track bacteria infection in vitro and in infected mice models. Methods An unnatural amino acid, AB1 conjugated to a DOTA labeled polycationic peptide HLys (RYWVAWRNRG) and targets phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysylphosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG) on gram-positive bacteria was radiolabelled with 64Cu. The conjugate DOTA-RYWVAWRNRG(AB1)-NH2 was dissolved in 13.3% DMSO in 0.1 M NH4OAc, pH 6 and radiolabeled with 0.8 – 4 mCi of 64Cu buffered in 0.1 M NH4OAc, pH 6 at 37⁰C for 1 – 1.5 h. Cell uptake studies were conducted with Staphylococcus aureus and with SKBR3 cells as a negative control. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies were conducted in mice intramuscularly (IM) infected in the thigh with S. aureus or PBS as a control. Stability studies of the radiolabeled AB1 peptide conjugate were investigated in LB Broth, human serum and PBS. Results The novel peptide agent was radiolabeled with a specific activity of 29.1±7.8 mCi/mg. In the cell uptake studies, 75.7±1.3% of 64Cu labeled AB1-Hlys-DOTA was associated with S. aureus cells at 24 h and specific cell binding was confirmed with a low uptake (9.4±2.3%) in SKBR3 cells. The conjugate was most stable in PBS and serum, > 92% and with approximately -90% intact in LB Broth at 24 h post incubation. Biodistribution studies in the infected mice models at 4 and 24 h showed that peptide uptake in the infected thighs (1.29±0.43 and 0.70±0.15 %ID/g at 4 and 24 h respectively) was about twice the uptake in the PBS IM injected thighs (0.60±0.07 and 0.37±0.03 %ID/g at 4 and 24 h respectively). These results were also confirmed in the PET images. The highest dose uptake as calculated by drawing regions of interest (ROI) was observed at 1 and 4 h.
Conclusions: The AB1 peptide was successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu in moderate specific activity yields. The radiolabeled peptide exhibited favorably good uptake in S. aureus bacteria cells both in vitro and in vivo with specificity confirmed by the low uptakes in non-infected thigh muscles and PBS IM injected thigh muscles. The radioactive dose uptake in the infected thigh was visibly observed in the PET images at 1 and 4 h post injection. Further studies would be performed to monitor clearance of infection during therapy.
Structural and biochemical basis for the inhibition of cell death by APIP, a methionine salvage enzyme (2013)

APIP, Apaf-1 interacting protein, has been known to inhibit two main types of programmed cell death, apoptosis and pyroptosis, and was recently found to be associated with cancers and inflammatory diseases. Distinct from its inhibitory role in cell death, APIP was also shown to act as a 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase, or MtnB, in the methionine salvage pathway. Here we report the structural and enzymatic characterization of human APIP as an MtnB enzyme with a Km of 9.32 μM and a Vmax of 1.39 μmol min(-1) mg(-1). The crystal structure was determined at 2.0-Å resolution, revealing an overall fold similar to members of the zinc-dependent class II aldolase family. APIP/MtnB exists as a tetramer in solution and exhibits an assembly with C4 symmetry in the crystal lattice. The pocket-shaped active site is located at the end of a long cleft between two adjacent subunits. We propose an enzymatic reaction mechanism involving Glu139* as a catalytic acid/base, as supported by enzymatic assay, substrate-docking study, and sequence conservation analysis. We explored the relationship between two distinct functions of APIP/MtnB, cell death inhibition, and methionine salvage, by measuring the ability of enzymatic mutants to inhibit cell death, and determined that APIP/MtnB functions as a cell death inhibitor independently of its MtnB enzyme activity for apoptosis induced by either hypoxia or etoposide, but dependently for caspase-1-induced pyroptosis. Our results establish the structural and biochemical groundwork for future mechanistic studies of the role of APIP/MtnB in modulating cell death and inflammation and in the development of related diseases.
Nosocomial imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: Epidemiology and risk factors (2010)

The incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes of nosocomial imipenem-resistant A. baumannii (IRAB) infections during a 5-y period (2003-2007) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 720 patients with 925 episodes of A. baumannii infection were included in the study. A. baumannii infections were seen mostly in intensive care units. The incidence was 6.2 per 1000 admissions. The most common infections were pneumonias and bloodstream infections. Imipenem resistance among Acinetobacter strains increased significantly each y of the study (from 43.3% to 72.9%). Mortality was related to the presence of imipenem resistance, stay in intensive care unit, female gender, old age, and pneumonia. Haemodialysis, malignancy, and mechanical ventilation were significant risk factors for IRAB infections. Imipenem resistance was higher in strains isolated from patients with pneumonia. IRAB strains showed higher resistance rates to other antibiotics than imipenem-susceptible strains. The most active antimicrobial agents against A. baumannii were cefoperazone-sulbactam and netilmicin. The incidence of A. baumannii infections and imipenem resistance increased during the study period. IRAB infections should be considered in patients on mechanical ventilation and haemodialysis and in patients with malignancies.
Poly-hetero-ω-functionalized Alkanethiolate-Stabilized Gold Cluster Compounds (1997)

This paper describes two synthetic approaches, simultaneous and stepwise exchange, to poly-hetero-ω-functionalized monolayer-protected cluster compounds (MPC's), as well their spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization. Poly-hetero-ω-functionalization of MPC's provides a framework within which to study intra- and intermolecular cluster chemistry and to design multistep, mutually supporting catalytic and electron donor/acceptor reactions on cluster surfaces. Factors affecting the extent of exchange (measured by NMR) include the steric bulk of the ω-functional group as well as the chain lengths of the protecting and incoming ligands. Poly-hetero-ω-functionalized clusters can incorporate mixed redox functions as illustrated by microelectrode voltammetry of a poly-ferrocene/anthraquinone mixed cluster. The cluster voltammetric waves lie at potentials consistent with those observed in dilute solutions of the unbound electroactive thiols, within the uncertainty of the Ag quasi-reference electrode potential. Diffusion coefficients and hydrodynamic radii suggest that the outer parts of the cluster chains may be free-draining. This research demonstrates that 3D-SAMs with mixed ω-functionalized alkanethiolate ligands (both redox and nonredox active) can be synthesized and characterized and provides the groundwork for synthesis of “nanofactory” cluster compounds designed to exhibit mutually supporting, multistep chemical and redox catalytic reactions, and for an enhanced capacity to study functional group reactivities at organized monolayer interfaces.
Influenza peptide-induced self-lysis and down-regulation of cloned cytotoxic T cells. (1990)

Virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) clones can lyse target cells in vitro in the presence of their specific peptide epitopes. The lytic potency of murine influenza nucleoprotein (NP)-specific Tc clones was investigated after observing that target cell killing was reduced in the presence of high (greater than 0.2 microM) concentrations of specific NP peptide antigen. Following incubation of Tc for 16 hr in the presence of a range of peptide concentrations, two effects were observed; (i) a peptide dose-dependent mortality of Tc, which has been attributed to self-lysis by clonal Tc in the presence of specific peptide; (ii) and a reduced ability to specifically lyse NP-expressing target cells whilst retaining lectin-dependent lytic activity in the surviving Tc. This functional down-regulation was reversible after 24 hr incubation in the absence of peptide. Toxic effects were excluded, since inhibition of specific target lysis by Tc was mediated only be pretreatment with specifically recognized peptide.
Exchange coupling and magnetic anisotropy for different concentration of iron based nanoparticles in aligned carbon nanotube arrays (2014)

Abstract We present results of study of magnetic properties of nanocomposite formed in situ during the synthesis of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. CNTs were grown by the atmospheric pressure floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. High temperature pyrolysis of ferrocene/xylene solution injected into the quartz tube at high temperature was carried out. By varying the ferrocene content ( C F ) in the ferrocene/xylene solution we tuned the concentration, location, size, shape and chemical state of iron based catalytic ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The variation of these parameters was reflected in the magnetic properties of the CNT based nanocomposite. In particular, it is shown, that the main interaction mechanism between ferromagnetic nanoparticles for high C F contents is the exchange coupling, while the magnetic anisotropy dominates at low ferrocene concentration. The role of the orientation of the nanotubes is decisive for the observation of magnetic anisotropy. When the alignment is destroyed, the exchange coupling mechanism starts to dominate also for low C F samples. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on the characteristics of alginate gels in relation to their use in separation and immobilized applications (1982)

Studies on diffusion of NAD and hemoglobin from calcium and barium gels are reported where alginate grade, concentration, and gel dimensions were varied. These show that NAD diffusion characteristics are unaffected by alginate and ion concentrations; however, hemoglobin diffusion is affected by alginate concentration. Both hemoglobin and NAD diffusion patterns were shown to be affected by alginate gel dimensions. Studies are reported that show that polymannuronic alginate gels posses good porosity characteristics while polyguluronic alginates from gels with lower porosity, specifically with respect to high-molecular-weight compounds. These findings are discussed with the view to the use of alginate gels for immobilization, solids separation, and diffusion chromatography techniques.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Nelfinavir and Ritonavir in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease (CPCRA 042/CTN 102) (2004)

There are moderate differences in efficacy and large differences in tolerability between a strategy of initial NFV or RTV in patients with advanced disease. Finding the right balance between potency and tolerability remains a challenge.
Episomal replication of cloned DNA injected into the fertilised ovum of the hen, Gallus domesticus (1989)

We describe preliminary experiments to analyse the fate of cloned DNA microinjected into the cytoplasm of the chick fertilised ovum. The reporter gene construct pRSVcat was injected into the germinal disc before the first cleavage division, and the chick embryos were cultured for up to 7 days using the method of Perry (Nature 331:70-72, 1988). Linear plasmid molecules ligated rapidly after injection to form high-molecular-weight DNA molecules consisting mainly of random concatemers of the injected plasmid. Recombination involving circular molecules resulted in head-to-tail multimers of the plasmid. Some of the DNA was lost after injection, but the remainder was replicated approximately 20-fold during the first 24 h of development. Between days 1 and 7 in culture, the DNA was gradually lost and diluted out as the embryos developed. By day 7 in culture plasmid DNA was detectable in only 30% of the cultures analysed. No evidence for chromosomal integration of the exogenous DNA was obtained, suggesting that the plasmid DNA persisted episomally. Expression of the reporter gene construct pRSVcat was detected in day 2 and day 7 embryos.