gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of porous starch-complex powder. (1995)

Although various complex powders have been studied and developed as raw materials for cosmetics in recent years, lately we have gone in a natural direction and turned our attention to starches, which are natural raw materials, and have undertaken the development of new functional complex powders.The carrier (porous starch) of these compex powders is partially digested by amylase, an amylolytic enzyme on raw corn starch-granules (mean diameter 10μm), and has numerous, small, 1-4μm mutually independent pores on its surface. Using a wet process, we were able to selectively embed solid micrograins whithin the pores of porous starch. In addition, we treated by simlar methods liquid functional substances such as glycerin, vitamin A palmitate, and octyl methoxycinnamate, and evaluated the characteristics of the complex powders obtained. Compared to nonporous starch, porous starch-glycerin complex powders exhibited a two-fold retention capacity in a moisture retention capacity evaluation test using collagen sheets. In addition, in a vitamin A palmitate release test (based on IPA: Water=75: 25v/v), it was evident that the release rate of porous starch-complex powders was more controllable than nonporous starches. Furthermore, complexes of UV absorbents (benzophenone-6 or octyl methoxycinnamate) exhibited the same efficacy as when using nonporous starches. Because some or most of the UV absorbents are embedded in the pores, these porous starch-UV absorbent complex powders could ease the burden of the skin.
Perception-based Histogram Equalization for tone mapping applications (2016)

Due to the ever increasing commercial availability of High Dynamic Range (HDR) content and displays, backward compatibility of HDR content with Standard Dynamic Range displays is currently a topic of high importance. Over the years, a significant amount of Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs) have been proposed to adapt HDR content to the restricted capabilities of SDR displays. Among them, the Histogram Equalization (HE) is considered to provide good results for a wide set of images. However, the naïve application of HE results either in banding artifacts or noise amplification when the HDR image has large unified areas (i.e. sky). In order to differentiate relevant information from noise in a uniform background, or in dark areas, the authors proposed a ceiling function. Their method results in noise-free but dim images. In this paper we propose a novel ceiling function which is based on the Perceptual Quantizer (PQ) function. Our method uses as threshold the number of code-words that PQ assigns on a luminance range in the original HDR image and the corresponding number of code-words in the resulting SDR image. We limit the number of code-words on SDR to be equal or less than the HDR. The saved code-words during the ceiling operation are redistributed to increase the contrast as well as the brightness of the final image. Results shows that provided SDR images are noise-free and brighter than the one obtained with prior HE operators. Finally since the proposed method is a Global TMO, it is thereby of low complexity and suitable for real time applications.
Gene function prediction from synthetic lethality networks via ranking on demand (2010)

In this article, we present a novel technique called kernelROD for gene function prediction from synthetic lethal interaction networks based on kernel machines. We apply our novel algorithm to Gene Ontology functional annotation prediction in yeast. Our experiments show that our method leads to improved gene function prediction compared with state-of-the-art competitors and that combining genetic and congruence networks leads to a further improvement in prediction accuracy.
18 Gasoline CAI and Diesel HCCI: the Way towards Zero Emission with Major Engine and Fuel Technology Challenges (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engines and fuels for transport as well as off-road applications are facing a double challenge:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ul class="list disc"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;bring local pollution to the level requested by the most stringent city air quality standard&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;reduce CO2 emission in order to minimize the global warming risk.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These goals stimulate new developments both of conventional and alternative engines and fuels technologies. New combustion processes known as Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI™) for gasoline engine and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) for Diesel engine are the subject of extensive research world wide and particularly at IFP for various applications such as passenger cars, heavy-duty trucks and buses as well as small engines.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Because of the thermo-chemistry of the charge, the thermal NOx formation and the soot production are in principle much lower than in flames typical of conventional engines. Indeed, these new combustion processes bring NOx to virtually zero (“1 digit” ppm) while maintaining a very high thermodynamic efficiency of the combustion.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The control of such combustion is very complex due to the number of engine and fuel parameters involved. Consequently, scientific methodology is necessary to road map their development up to practical application. The purpose of this paper is to describe these new combustion processes, the scientific tools such as optically transparent engine for combustion diagnosis and the use of CFD modeling tools for understanding and mastering their development, and finally their possible application to small engine technologies.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A number of questions remain open by these combustion processes related to the future of after-treatments and fuel formulation. Fuel parameters such as the octane of the gasoline or the cetane of the diesel fuel which are key quality data for conventional combustion might not have similar value for CAI and HCCI combustion. One further view could even raise the question of one unique fuel for a unique combustion process.&lt;/div&gt;
Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Dairy Traits Using a Model for Longitudinal Data (2002)

A longitudinal-linkage analysis approach was developed and applied to an outbred population. Nonlinear mixed-effects models were used to describe the lactation patterns and were extended to include marker information following single-marker and interval mapping models. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting the shape and scale of lactation curves for production and health traits in dairy cattle were mapped in three U.S. Holstein families (Dairy Bull DNA Repository families one, four, and five) using the granddaughter design. Information on 81 informative markers on six Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) was combined with milk yield, fat, and protein percentage and somatic cell score (SCS) test-day records. Six percent of the single-marker tests surpassed the experiment-wise significance threshold. Marker BL41 on BTA3 was associated with decrease in milk yield during mid-lactation in family one. The scale and shape of the protein percentage lactation curve in family four varied with BMC4203 (BTA6) allele that the son received from the grandsire. Some map locations were associated with variation in the lactation pattern of multiple traits. In family four, the marker HUJI177 (BTA3) was associated with changes in the milk yield and protein percentage curves suggesting a QTL with pleiotropic effects or multiple QTL in the region. The interval mapping model uncovered a QTL on BTA7 associated with variation in milk-yield pattern in family four and a QTL on BTA21 affecting SCS in family five. The developed approach can be extended to random regressions, covariance functions, spline, gametic and variance component models. The results from the longitudinal-QTL approach will help to understand the genetic factors acting at different stages of lactation and will assist in positional candidate gene research. Identified positions can be incorporated into marker-assisted selection decisions to alter the persistency and peak production or the fluctuation of SCS during a lactation.
Semiconductor detectors for Compton imaging in nuclear medicine (2012)

An investigation is underway at the University of Liverpool to assess the suitability of two position sensitive semiconductor detectors as components of a Compton camera for nuclear medical imaging. The ProSPECTus project aims to improve image quality, provide shorter data acquisition times and lower patient doses by replacing conventional Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) systems. These mechanically collimated systems are employed to locate a radioactive tracer that has been administered to a patient to study specifically targeted physiological processes. The ProSPECTus system will be composed of a Si(Li) detector and a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, a configuration deemed optimum using a validated Geant4 simulation package. Characterising the response of the detectors to gamma irradiation is essential in maximising the sensitivity and image resolution of the system. To this end, the performance of the HPGe ProSPECTus detector and a suitable Si(Li) detector has been assessed at the University of Liverpool. The energy resolution of the detectors has been measured and a surface scan of the Si(Li) detector has been performed using a finely collimated 241Am gamma ray source. Results from the investigation will be presented.
Factors affecting the sensitivity of the lingual trigeminal nerve to acids (1995)

Oral sensitivity to acids mediates a range of irritation, from desirable sensations of pungency in various foods and beverages to the pain associated with harmful levels of acidity and inflammation. To characterize the role of the epithelial and vascular processes in neural sensitivity to acid applied to the lingual mucosa, we measured lingual trigeminal nerve responses in rats to acidic stimuli of varying physicochemical properties. Stimulatory efficacy was strongly correlated with lipophilicity (octanol-H2O partition coefficient) for the series of straight-chain fatty acids from one to six carbons. Neither acid dissociation constant nor the pH of stimulus solutions correlated with stimulatory efficacy for the fatty acids and six other organic acids. The hypothesis that weakly acidic stimuli gain access to trigeminal nerve endings primarily through the lipid phase of the epithelium was supported by these findings. Further support for this hypothesis is the result that LaCl3, an inhibitor of epithelial tight junctions, had no effect on the neural response to n-pentanoic acid. The potential relevance of buffering-clearance in modulating responses to acid was indicated by the finding that the application of 1 mM capsaicin to the tongue reversibly inhibited the neural response to acid, as well as causing plasma extravasation in lingual epithelium.
The use of a mixed reality breast simulator with an innovative touch map feedback system to teach breast history-taking and examination skills. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2105 Introduction: Physical examination remains an important method of breast cancer detection. Unfortunately, many health care professionals express concerns about missing breast lesions and current methods of teaching this essential skill are limited. Through an interdisciplinary collaboration, we created an immersive virtual patient to teach health professions students history-taking and breast examination skills.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Fifteen physician's assistant (PA) and 13 medical students (MS) interacted with a mixed reality human (MRH, a computer avatar with a mannequin-based breast simulator) with a breast complaint (Figure 1).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Students spoke to and touched the MRH to take a history and examine a simulated breast with two masses of differing size and consistency. Subjects were surveyed regarding the usefulness of the virtual teaching tool and composed a patient note documenting pertinent history and physical examination findings. Students received feedback regarding the content of their patient note (number of 17 essential content items documented) and on the completeness of their breast examination (percentage area covered) using a color-coded touch map.&amp;#x2028; Results: Student feedback related to the utility of this virtual educational tool was positive. Students only documented a mean of 7.8±2.7 (range=4-15) essential content items in the breast history. The completeness of the breast exam was a mean of 82% (range=62% to 97%) of total breast area examined (Figure 2, green=area examined, red=area missed).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; More clinically experienced students (MS 3 and 4, N=9) performed better than those with no clinical experience (MS 1 and PA 1, N=19) in both history-taking (58% vs. 40%, p&amp;lt;0.05) and completeness of exam (90% vs. 84%, p&amp;lt;0.05). Fifty percent of students were able to locate at least one mass but only 14% were able to correctly document the location of both lesions.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The simulated experience differentiated performance among students with varying levels of clinical experience and identified a need for improved teaching and greater practice among all students. MRH scenarios provide a less anxious learning environment for students to practice breast history-taking and examination. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2105.
A 22-mW 435-MHz differential CMOS high-gain LNA for subsampling receivers (2003)

A low-power, high-gain CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) for use as the first stage of a subsampling receiver is proposed. The performance of +96 dB voltage gain and less than 1 dB noise figure (NF) with very low power consumption is reported for the first time and makes it suitable for use in a subsampling mixer with track and hold (T/spl bsol/H) circuit. The LNA contains both tuned and inductorless amplifier stages. The first stage utilizes optimum transistor gate width-length ratio (W/spl bsol/L), improved-Q on-chip spiral inductors, fully differential architecture, and current-reuse techniques to achieve low-noise, high-gain, and low-power at the same time. The following stages are inductorless amplifiers designed to achieve the maximum-gain. Cascode transistors are used in all stages to maintain reasonable gain at high frequencies and to achieve good reverse isolation. The amplifier linearity is sacrificed as a consequence of its high gain.
A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUE OF SINGLE-SQUARE-LOOP FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE (2012)

In this manuscript, a simple synthesis method of single square loop frequency selective surface (SSLFSS) is discussed, which may flnd the suitable application in the fast analysis and fabrication of the frequency-selective surface. The presented technique is used to design SSLFSS at 3GHz, 15GHz, 22GHz and 26GHz. At every frequency of interest, the analytical result is very close to the required result. Moreover, a way to control the re∞ection at any frequency is discussed, which may flnd an application in controlling the re∞ection level at any frequency. However, we have proposed two simple, cheaper and lightweight structures at 3GHz and 22GHz for the application in various satellite communications. The proposed process has been extended to the analysis of bandpass structure and desired results have been achieved, which indicates the utility of the method of synthesis of both the bandpass and bandstop structures.
Involvement of Sphingosine Kinase in TNF-α-stimulated Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis in C6 Glioma Cells (2002)

In C6 glioma cells, the sphingolipid second messenger ceramide potentiates expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) without affecting GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of 6(R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), a cofactor required for iNOS activity. TNF-alpha also stimulates sphingosine kinase, the enzyme that phosphorylates sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a further metabolite of ceramide. Several clones of C6 cells, expressing widely varying levels of sphingosine kinase, were used to examine the role of SPP in regulation of GTPCH and BH(4) biosynthesis. Overexpression of sphingosine kinase, with concomitant increased endogenous SPP levels, potentiated the effect of TNF-alpha on GTPCH expression and activity and BH(4) biosynthesis. In contrast, enforced expression of sphingosine kinase had no effect on iNOS expression or NO formation. Furthermore, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, a potent sphingosine kinase inhibitor, completely eliminated the increased GTPCH activity and expression induced by TNF-alpha. Surprisingly, we found that, although C6 cells can secrete SPP, which is enhanced by TNF-alpha, treatment of C6 cells with exogenous SPP or dihydro-SPP had no affect on BH(4) biosynthesis. However, both SPP and dihydro-SPP markedly stimulated ERK 1/2 in C6 cells, which express cell surface SPP receptors. Interestingly, although this ERK activation was blocked by PD98059, which also reduced cellular proliferation induced by enforced expression of sphingosine kinase, PD98059 had no effect on GTPCH activity. Collectively, these results suggest that only intracellularly generated SPP plays a role in regulation of GTPCH and BH(4) levels.
Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington disease in maternal plasma: direct and indirect study (2008)

Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of HD is possible by the analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Direct analysis of the mutation has shown higher accuracy than the haplotype analysis except for long expansions. Haplotype analysis would need to be improved for the study of Juvenile-onset HD. This diagnostic method would be limited to those couples with an affected male however this situation represents 80-90% of the pregnancies at-risk of HD. Moreover, it could be used as a confirmation test of healthy embryos transferred on pre-implantation genetic studies of HD.
Correction to Fifty Years of Ziegler–Natta Polymerization: From Serendipity to Science. A Personal Account (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Fifty Years of Ziegler–Natta Polymerization: From Serendipity to Science. A Personal AccountJohn J. EischCite this: Organometallics 2012, 31, 17, 6504Publication Date (Web):August 3, 2012Publication History Published online3 August 2012Published inissue 10 September 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om300728hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/om300728hcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views917Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (98 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adjuvants and Malaria Vaccine Development (2002)

Many endogenous and pharmacological vasodilators hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle and this response appears to be due to an increased conductance to potassium ions. The hyperpolarization may contribute to the mechanism of dilation by causing voltage-dependent calcium channels to close. Recent evidence indicates that the response to hyperpolarizing vasodilators is mediated through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (Katp) channels. Single Katp channels on isolated vascular smooth muscle cells are activated by cromakalim and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This response is inhibited by glibenclainide. Cromakalim, CGRP and other vasodilators hyperpolarize and relax arteries in vitro and these responses are reversed by glibenclainide. The hypotensive effects of these agents in vivo are antagonized by glibenclainide. We propose that activation of KATP channels and the associated membrane hyperpolarization represents an important general mechanism of vasodilation.
Rawr! A Study in Sonic Skulls: Embodied Natural History (2015)

Lambeosaurine hadrosaurs are duck-billed dinosaurs known for their large head crests, which researchers hypothesize were resonators for vocal calls. This paper describes the motivation and process of iteratively designing a musical instrument and interactive sound installation based on imagining the sounds of this extinct dinosaur. We used scientific research as a starting point to create a means of sound production and resonator, using a 3D model obtained from Computed Topology (CT) scans of a Corythosaurus skull and an endocast of its crest and nasal passages. Users give voice to the dinosaur by blowing into a mouthpiece, exciting a larynx mechanism and resonating the sound through the hadrosaur's full-scale nasal cavities and skull. This action allows an embodied glimpse into an ancient past. Users know the dinosaur through the controlled exhalation of their breath, how the compression of the lungs leads to a whisper or a roar.
MR Imaging Contrast Enhancement Based on Intermolecular Zero Quantum Coherences (1998)

A new method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the detection of relatively strong signal from intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQCs) is reported. Such a signal would not be observable in the conventional framework of magnetic resonance; it originates in long-range dipolar couplings (10 micrometers to 1 millimeter) that are traditionally ignored. Unlike conventional MRI, where image contrast is based on variations in spin density and relaxation times (often with injected contrast agents), contrast with iZQC images comes from variations in the susceptibility over a distance dictated by gradient strength. Phantom and in vivo (rat brain) data confirm that iZQC images give contrast enhancement. This contrast might be useful in the detection of small tumors, in that susceptibility correlates with oxygen concentration and in functional MRI.
mb(mZ)from jet production at theZpeak in the Cambridge algorithm (1999)

We consider the production of heavy quark jets at the Z pole at next-to-leading order (NLO) using the Cambridge jet algorithm. We study the effects of the quark mass in two- and three-jet observables and the uncertainty due to unknown higher-order corrections as well as due to fragmentation. We find that the three-jet observable has remarkably small NLO corrections, which are stable with respect to the change of the renormalization scale, when expressed in terms of the running quark mass at the ${m}_{Z}$ scale. The size of the hadronization uncertainty for this observable remains reasonably small and is very stable with respect to changes in the jet resolution parameter ${y}_{c}.$