gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development and characterization of thromboresistant nitric oxide releasing polymeric films. (1999)

The preparation and characterization of hydrophobic polymer films containing nitric oxide (NO) releasing diazeniumdiolates are reported. Such an approach is examined as a means of improving the thromboresistivity of polymeric materials for biomedical applications. Several different schemes for preparing NO releasing polymer films are presented, and each is examined in terms of total amount and rate of NO generation, mechanism of NO release, biocompatibility (both <italic> in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>), and potential biomedical applications. The first approach involves dispersion of either methylaminohexylmethylamine diazeniumdiolate (MAHMA/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) or linear polyethylenimine diazeniumdiolate (LPEI/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) within the polymer matrix. The potential utility of these polymer films for improving the thromboresistivity of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes, amperometric oxygen sensors and extracorporeal circuitry tubing is demonstrated. The fundamental mechanism of NO generation from MAHMA/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and LPEI/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub> 2</sub> polymer films is also determined. In both cases, leaching of intact diazeniumdiolates and/or amine by-products from the polymer matrices is shown to occur, potentially limiting clinical applications of such materials. A second approach to preparing NO-releasing polymer materials involves covalent attachment of the diazeniumdiolate to the polymer backbone. This method is demonstrated via studies with methoxymethylpiperazine-poly(vinyl chloride)/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (mompip-PVC/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The quantitative NO release profiles from different mompipPVC/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub> 2</sub> formulations, biocompatibility testing and application to electrochemical sensors are presented. Several of the factors influencing NO release are also examined, including water uptake, basicity of the polymer matrix and nitrosamine formation. These parameters are further confirmed using novel heparin-based diazeniumdiolates, doped into the polymer matrix via ion-pair formation with tridodecylmethylammonium cations (TDMA<super>+</super>). The resulting films are shown to release NO at rates highly dependent on the water uptake properties of the polymer matrix (polyurethane, PVC, silicone rubber) employed. Finally, the apparent diffusion coefficients of NO through different polymer materials are measured in order to help guide the appropriate selection of polymer materials for administering or detecting NO in many applications. Transport coefficients in the range of 0.2--3.0 x10<super>-5 </super> cm<super>2</super>/sec were determined for NO in a variety of plasticized and nonplasticized polymer matrices.
Nonaqueous‐Phase Liquid Infiltration and Immobilization in Heterogeneous Media: 2. Application to Stochastically Heterogeneous Formations (2007)

We performed a series of well‐controlled laboratory experiments investigating the infiltration and subsequent immobilization of nonaqueous‐phase liquid (NAPL) in saturated heterogeneous media. A system of two distinct aquifer zones separated by a dipping interface was considered. Heterogeneity was represented by a spatially correlated random field with known geostatistical parameters in one zone in combination with a homogenous packing of the other zone. The effects of heterogeneity on NAPL flow and entrapment in each of the two zones were investigated. The time‐varying NAPL saturations were continuously monitored in space and the final static entrapment–saturation distribution was accurately measured. The immobilized‐NAPL distribution contributes to plume generation from source zones. The results show that capillary barriers produced by the small‐scale heterogeneity strongly influenced the migration paths and the final distribution of NAPL both in space and across different saturation ranges. The NAPL was immobilized both by snap‐off to discontinuous blobs and ganglia and by capillary barriers at textural interfaces. Heterogeneity generally increased entrapment, because spatial variations in capillary properties caused NAPL to be entrapped at higher saturations. Heterogeneity in the finer formation provided points of entry into this formation where the NAPL subsequently could spread as the pressure built up. The NAPL was immobilized at high saturations because high displacement pressures in the fine materials inhibited flow at low saturations. The accessibility for water flow through NAPL occurrences and thereby also the dissolution of NAPL is limited by (i) high entrapped NAPL saturations that decrease the aqueous‐phase relative permeability and (ii) the location of NAPL inside a formation with low average permeability.
FOCUS :F IELD-PORTABLE AND MINIATURE MS Field-Portable, High-Speed GC/TOFMS (2001)

This work is focused on developing a fast gas chromatograph, time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC/TOFMS) for man-portable field use. The goal is to achieve a total system solution for meeting performance, size, weight, power, cost, and ruggedness requirements for a laboratory in the field. The core technology will also be adaptable to specific applications including real-time point detection for hazardous chemical releases (e.g., chemical weapons), for biological agent signature identification, and for mobile monitoring platforms (e.g., air, ship, truck). Previously we presented results of a feasibility demonstration for a 30-lb field-portable TOFMS system. In this work we present recent progress in integrating a low-power, high-speed GC and show the capability for accurately recording fast GC transients for targeted compound detection using a quadrupole ion trap, time-of-flight instrument (QitTof). (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2001, 12, 648–655) © 2001 American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Virucides in Prevention of HIV Infection Research Priorities (1993)

Vaginal spermicides have microbicidal properties that suggest their usefulness in helping to protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Laboratory, animal, and clinical investigations also support this notion. Because of the importance of identifying additional methods to protect against these infections, however, better information is needed on these female-controlled methods. A consistent set of laboratory standards is needed to evaluate the in vitro activity of existing and future virucides. Further evaluation of such areas as the actions of virucides and vehicles on different anatomical sites and safety studies to better judge determinants of toxicity are needed. Clinical studies might compare efficacy of spermicides and condoms in prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases as well as investigate psychosocial considerations that determine suitable candidates for vaginal virucides, how they are used, and how their use might be improved.
EEG alpha activity detection by fuzzy reasoning (2002)

Automated systems are needed to assist the tedious visual analysis of polygraphic recordings. Most systems need the detection of different electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms. The problem in the automated detection of alpha activity is the large inter-individual variability of its amplitude and duration. In this work, a fuzzy reasoning-based method for the detection of alpha activity was designed and tested. The ranges of the fuzzy rules were determined based on feature statistics. The advantage of the presented detector is that no alpha amplitude threshold needs to be selected. The performance of the alpha detector with four modifications was assessed with ROC curves. When the true positive rate was 85%, the false positive rate was 13%, which is sufficient for sleep EEG analysis.
The future of nanocomputing (2003)

We are aware that the semiconductor industry had already entered the nanotechnology world. The working group proposed a hierarchy consisting of four levels: devices, architecture, state variables and data representation. We review on 3D heterogeneous integration, quantum cellular automata, defect-tolerant architecture, quantum computing, nano devices and other novel devices. This experience suggests some criteria we will need to apply to bring these early research efforts into the realm of high-volume manufacturing.
Abstract 14374: Peripheral Artery Disease and Gait Speed in Women With and at Risk for HIV (2020)

Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with decreased physical function and increased mortality in the general population. PAD is common in women with and at risk for HIV infection, but its association with functional decline is unclear. We examined the contribution of PAD to gait speed in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and HIV-related factors. Methods: 1,839 participants (72% HIV+) with measured ankle-brachial index (ABI) and 4-meter gait speed were included in analysis. ABI scores were categorized as: &lt;0.7, moderate-severe PAD; 0.7-&lt;0.9, mild PAD; 0.9-&lt;1.0, borderline PAD; 1.0-&lt;1.1, low-normal; 1.1-1.4, normal. Longitudinal regression models with repeated measures were used to examine the association of PAD category with log-transformed gait speed after controlling for demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, and HIV and HCV status. Coefficients represented percentage differences. Results: Median age was 50 years, &gt;70% were Black. Figure 1 shows median gait speed by PAD group. In univariate analysis, compared to normal ABI, each category of PAD severity was associated with slower gait speed: 6% slower for low-normal (95% confidence interval [CI]:4%, 9%), 10% for borderline (95% CI:6%, 13%), 14% for mild (95% CI:9%, 18%), and 16% for moderate-severe (95% CI:5%, 25%). In multivariate analysis, PAD severity remained associated with 6% (95% CI:4%, 9%), 10% (95%CI:7%, 14%), 12% (95%CI:8%, 17%), and 11% (95%CI: -1%, 22%) slower gait speed, respectively. HIV/HCV coinfection reduced gait speed by 9% (95%CI:4%, 14%). Among HIV+ women, neither CD4 count nor HIV viral load was associated with gait speed. Conclusions: In middle-aged women with and at risk for HIV, greater PAD severity is associated with progressively slower gait speed. ABI measurement may be a simple and clinically useful tool for early assessment of functional declines.
Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for improving reproduction: A multi-study analysis in early-lactation dairy cows (2009)

The feeding of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements to early-lactation dairy cows has been shown to decrease milk fat synthesis and possibly improve reproductive performance. However, previously reported studies used too few animals to clearly establish the effect of CLA on reproduction. Our objective was to combine data from these studies to evaluate the association of CLA with time to first ovulation and time to conception using methods of survival analysis and overall success of pregnancy by logistic regression. A database was compiled of individual animal data (n = 212) from 5 controlled studies in which CLA had been supplemented to early-lactation dairy cows. Survival analysis incorporated both semi-parametric models (Cox proportional hazards) and parametric models (log-normal). The probability of cows becoming pregnant increased in a nonlinear manner as trans-10, cis-12 CLA dose increased, with the optimal dose predicted to be 10.1 g/d. At the optimal dose, the probability of pregnancy was increased by 26% compared with those animals receiving no CLA (probability = 91% and 72%, respectively). Similarly, the log-normal model predicted that time to conception was decreased in a nonlinear manner with increasing trans-10, cis-12 CLA dose. The predicted optimal dose was 10.5 g of trans-10, cis-12 CLA/d and at this dose the median time to conception was decreased by 34 d when compared with those cows not receiving CLA (117 vs. 151 d in milk, respectively). The log-normal model was also the best-fit model for time to first ovulation. Overall, this multi-study analysis demonstrated a strong concordance between the nature of the dose response and the predicted optimal dose of trans-10, cis-12 CLA across the 3 reproductive variables evaluated. These results indicate that reproductive performance of dairy cows may be improved by feeding of CLA supplements during early lactation.
Concentrations of 17 elements in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), in different tissues of perch (Perca fluviatilis), and in perch intestinal parasites (Acanthocephalus lucii) from the subalpine lake Mondsee, Austria (1999)

Abstract Concentrations of the elements Al, Ag, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller); in its host, Perca fluviatilis (L.), and in the soft tissue of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). All animals were collected from the same sampling site in a subalpine lake, Mondsee, in Austria. Most of the elements were found at significantly higher concentrations in the acanthocephalan than in different tissues (muscle, liver, and intestinal wall) of its perch host. Only Co was concentrated in the liver of perch to a level that was significantly higher than that found in the parasite. Most of the analyzed elements were also present at significantly higher concentrations in A. lucii than in D. polymorpha. Barium and Cr were the only elements recorded at higher concentrations in the mussel compared with the acanthocephalan. Thus, when comparing the accumulation of elements, the acanthocephalans appear to be even more suitable than the zebra mussels in terms of their use in the detection of metal contamination within aquatic biotopes. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the concentrations of several elements within the parasites decreased with an increasing infrapopulation. Furthermore, the levels of some elements in the perch liver were negatively correlated with the weight of A. lucii in the intestine. Thus, it emerged that not only is there competition for elements between acanthocephalans inside the gut but there is also competition for these elements between the host and the parasites. The elevated element concentrations demonstrated here in the parasitic worm A. lucii provide support for further investigations of these common helminths and of their accumulation properties.
米ロ間戦略核削減と｢備蓄」問題 : いわゆる「モスコワ条約」(SORT)の意義を考える (2004)

On May 2002, Presidents George W. Bush and V. Putin signed in Moscow (come into force: June 2004) a treaty, under which the U.S. and Russia will reduce the aggregate number of their strategic nuclear warheads to 1,700 ? 2,200 for each by December 31, 2012. The Bush Administration has made clear that it will reduce only “operationally deployed" warheads and will not count the “reserve" warheads. Russia disagrees with this interpretation of the treaty, but its objections were neglected. The “reserve" of the nuclear weapons includes the warheads removed from service and placed in storage, warheads on delivery undergoing overhaul or repair and warheads production capacity. The issue of the “reserve" became a greater concern in keeping with the development of the strategic nuclear weapons reduction as START-I and II did. The U.S. plans to continue to maintain “reserve" stockpiles consisting of thousands of nuclear weapons in various stages of readiness. This has the effect of leaving the U.S. in better position than Russia to rapidly reconstitute its strategic nuclear forces by “uploading" stored nuclear warheads and thereby achieve a significant strategic advantage over Russia.
Self‐Assembled Nanoreactors as Highly Active Catalysts in the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (HKR) of Epoxides in Water (2006)

CoIII(salen) complexes have been immobilized on amphiphilic block copolymers, which self-assemble in water to give micellar aggregates with a hydrophobic Co(salen) core and a water-soluble shell (see picture). These aggregates were used to catalyze the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of racemic aromatic epoxides over four consecutive cycles and gave the epoxides in up to 99 % ee. H2salen=N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503291_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
LED traffic light as a communications device (2003)

The visible light from an LED (light emitting diode) traffic light can be modulated and encoded with information. Hence, it can be used for the broadcasting of audio messages or any traffic or road information. Essentially all LED traffic lights can be used as communications devices. The paper focuses on the description of an audio information system made up of high brightness, visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) in which one or more LEDs are modulated and encoded with audio messages. The system also comprises a receiver combined with a speaker which is located at a distance from the LED traffic light. The receiver is designed to demodulate the optically transmitted audio information and broadcast the messages with the speaker. The optical link employs intensity modulation with direct detection. The audio information system implemented on an LED traffic light can provide the function of open space, wireless broadcasting of audio messages.
Future of ToxicologyIron Chelators and Differing Modes of Action and Toxicity:  The Changing Face of Iron Chelation Therapy (2007)

Iron (Fe) chelation therapy was initially designed to alleviate the toxic effects of excess Fe evident in Fe-overload diseases. However, the novel toxicological properties of some Fe chelator-metal complexes have shifted appreciable focus to their application in cancer chemotherapy. Redox-inactive Fe chelator complexes are well suited for the treatment of Fe-overload diseases, whereas Fe chelator complexes with high redox activity have shown promising results as chemotherapeutics against cancer. Within this perspective, we discuss the different modes of action and toxicological profiles of Fe chelators, including analogues of 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone, di-2-pyridylketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone, di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone, and the clinically trialed chelator 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. The potential application of these agents in the changing face of Fe chelation therapy is discussed.
The AnyMedia® access system-providing solutions for distribution and network independence (2002)

Today's network providers face a significant challenge in selecting and deploying access solutions that enable them to compete in an increasingly unpredictable and dynamic market. They must manage the uncertain interplay between the demands for circuit-based and packet-based services and, at the same time, avoid the possibility of being stranded with large unrecoverable investments in outmoded or incompatible infrastructure. The equipment deployed must ensure adequate capacity to support a complete set of applications and must maximize economies of scale. In response to these needs, Lucent Technologies has developed the AnyMedia® Access System, a platform for access network solutions supporting a full complement of telephony and broadband data services via standard, open network interfaces. This new fifth-generation access system builds on Lucent's heritage of high-reliability access network elements and leverages Lucent's Access Interface Platform (AIP) technology. The AIP is shared with the 5ESS® line units, AnyMedia Access Interface Units (AIUs), and other products to provide integrated voice and data access facilities for 24-channel and 30-channel markets. The new system can serve as a gateway between the circuit-switched telephony network and the ATM networks that transport telephony services over standard ATM format. We present here an overview of the AnyMedia Access System hardware and software architectures, system applications, and capabilities.
INTREPID Trial: A Prospective, Double blinded, Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation with a New Multiple-Source, Constant-Current Rechargeable System in Parkinson’s Disease (P5.016) (2017)

The objective of the INTREPID clinical trial is to assess theimprovement in motor function and quality of life in patients with advanced, levodopa-responsive Parkinson’s disease (PD) following bilateral subthalamic nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) using a new device capable of multiple current sources that provides selective activation of individual contacts on the DBS lead.
Combined electrical and electrochemical-thermal model of parallel connected large format pouch cells (2019)

Variation in energy capacity and resistance of cells connected in parallel can degrade the overall performance of the energy storage system (ESS). Such variations can lead to significant individual differences in battery load current, state of charge (SOC) and heat generation. An experimentally validated 1D electrochemical-thermal model of a large format 53 Ah pouch cell is employed to underpin the performance evaluation of parallel connected cells within the context of a complete ESS. The cell model, developed within COMSOL Multiphysics is coupled with an electrical circuit model of the ESS within Matlab. Results are presented that quantify cell-to-cell differences in load current and heat generation as the length of the parallel connection and value of the cell interconnection resistance is varied. The results highlight that variations in cell depth of discharge and the occurrence of temperature gradients across the parallel connection increases at higher load currents and interconnect resistances. The impact is amplified as the length of the parallel connection increases which will accelerate cell ageing and, if unmanaged, may present safety concerns.
Oxygen penetration and mineral stability within the San Manuel tailings, AZ (2018)

Environmental impact assessment of tailings storage facilities focuses on defining the reactivity and potential for acid rock drainage and metal leaching (ARDML) through geochemical testing of representative samples and numerical predictive calculations. The acid generation potential of tailings is dependent on the reactivity of their sulphide content which is directly proportional to the oxygen concentration within the material. As such, predicting the oxygen concentration as a function of time and depth is critical to understand the acid generation potential of tailings material. The aim of this study was to predict the oxygen flux and concentration as a function of time and depth within the San Manuel flotation copper tailings in Arizona, USA. This flow was combined with mineralogical data, including the presence of encapsulated sulphide, oxygen and moisture content to model oxidation and metal release in the tailings. Numerical simulations, using reactive transport code MIN3P, correctly reproduced the San Manuel field and analytical results when the sulphide reactivity was controlled by reducing the effective sulphide mass within the numerical models from total sulphide to available sulphide. These calculations effectively demonstrated that an effective control minimizing sulphide oxidation exists within a portion of the San Manuel tailings.
Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids: Discorhabdins and Makaluvamines (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.