gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain storm optimization algorithm in objective space (2015)

Brain storm optimization algorithm is a newly proposed swarm intelligence algorithm, which has two main operations, i.e., convergent operation and divergent operation. In the original brain storm optimization algorithm, a clustering algorithm is utilized to cluster individuals into clusters as the convergent operation which is time consuming because of distance calculation during clustering. In this paper, a new convergent operation is proposed to be implemented in the 1-dimensional objective space instead of in the solution space. As a consequence, its computation time will depend on only the population size, not the problem dimension, therefore, a big computation time saving can be obtained which makes it have good scalability. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed brain storm optimization algorithm in objective space.
Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy: Does the Location of Electrical Stimulation Effect the Acute Analgesic Response? (2000)

We studied the effect of the location of electrical stimulation on the acute analgesic response to percutaneous neuromodulation therapy in patients with nonradiating neck pain. Sixty-eight patients received three different nonpharmacologic modalities, namely "needles only" (neck), local (neck) dermatomal stimulation, and remote (lower back) dermatomal stimulation in a random sequence over the course of an 11-wk study period. All treatments were given for 30 min, 3 times per week for 3 wk, with 1 wk "off" between each modality. The assessment tools included the health status survey short form (SF-36) questionnaire, as well as 10-cm visual analog scales for assessing pain, physical activity, and quality of sleep. The pain visual analog scale was repeated 5-10 min after each treatment session. The daily oral nonopioid analgesic requirements were recorded in the patient diary during the entire study period. At the end of each 3-wk treatment block, the SF-36 questionnaire was repeated. Compared with needles only and remote dermatomal stimulation, local dermatomal stimulation produced a significantly greater decrease in pain (38%+/-17% vs 9%+/- 16% and 13%+/-18%), increase in physical activity (41%+/-21% vs 11% +/-17% and 16%+/-15%), and improvement in the quality of sleep (34% +/-18% vs 7%+/-17% and 10%+/-18%) compared with baseline values (P<0.05). The need for oral analgesic medications was decreased by an average of 6%+/-15%, 37%+/-18%, and 9%+/-13% during the 3-wk treatment period with the needle only, local dermatomal, and remote dermatomal stimulation, respectively. The posttreatment SF-36 test results revealed that all three modalities produced improvements compared with the prestudy scores for both the physical component summary and mental component summary. However, the magnitude of the changes in the physical component summary and mental component summary with local dermatomal stimulation was significantly greater (+7.9 and +3.6, respectively) than needle only (+3.4 and +1.7, respectively) or remote dermatomal stimulation (+3.7 and +1.9, respectively). No side effects were reported at the needle insertion sites. We conclude that electrical stimulation at the specific dermatomal levels corresponding to the local pathology produces greater short-term improvements in pain control, physical activity, and quality of sleep in patients with chronic neck pain.
Supplementary Table 3 from Plasticity in the Absence of NOTCH Uncovers a RUNX2-Dependent Pathway in Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA-seq data of the SCLC adherent cells that are either Notch-WT or Notch-Mutant&lt;/p&gt;
Normobaric Oxygen Therapy (2016)

The article by Sharifipour et al, covers an extremely important area of unmet medical need in ophthalmology.1 Severe ischemia of the sclera, leading to necrotizing disease and possible scleral melt, is one of the veritable emergencies among anterior segment disorders. Causes of necrotizing scleral disease are myriad and include autoimmune disease, especially vasculitides (e.g. Wegener’s granulomatosis, also called granulomatosis with polyangiitis) and rheumatoid arthritis among others, infections, surgery, and thermal or chemical injuries. The therapeutic approach to treatment of necrotizing scleritis is complex and significantly determined by (i) the etiology
Full-Depth Pavement Reclamation with Foamed Asphalt: FWD Backcalculation on Interstate Highway 80 Rehabilitation Sections (2005)

The conclusions from the backcalculation analysis are as follows:The overall stiffness values of the two pavement structures indicated by the surface moduli are similar. The variation along the section is typical of that of other projects in which the pavement structure is relatively homogenous.The average backcalculated stiffness of the cold foam material combined with the existing asphalt concrete layer below it is 1,778 MPa, with an 80 percent confidence range of 1,210 MPa to 2,660 MPa along the section tested.The backcalculated stiffness of the cold foam mix is roughly 25 percent lower than that of the 37.5-mm asphalt concrete layer in the other structure. In both structures the layer in question was combined with the thin existing asphalt concrete layer below it for backcalculation.The backcalculated CTB stiffness values of the two sections are very similar. The subgrade stiffness of the section using cold foam is slightly higher than the other section.The coefficient of variation of the resilient moduli of Layer 2 (cold foam combined with existing asphalt concrete or 37.5-mm maximum size aggregate asphalt concrete) and Layer 3 (CTB) along the sections is relatively high (&amp;gt;30 percent) for both structures. This is likely due in part to variations in actual thickness compared to the assumed thickness, and in the case of the CTB, may indicate more damaged areas as well as variations in thickness. However, in both cases the variability is typical of structures with relatively homogenous structures. The coefficient
Practical considerations to establish a validated platform for pooled detection of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR (2022)

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 has created an enormous workload for laboratories worldwide resulting in a restriction at the time of massive testing. Pool testing is a strategy that reduces time and costs. However, beyond the detection of infectious diseases in blood banks, this approach is rarely implemented in routine laboratories. Therefore, what was learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pool testing should represent an opportunity to increase diagnostic capabilities. The present work, carried out in the context of a diagnostic laboratory of a public hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, represents a contribution to this end. The main limitation of pool testing is the risk of false negatives that could have been identified by individual tests. These limitations are the dilution of samples with a low virus load during pooling and that the integrity of the sample may be affected by the quality of the sample collection. Fortunately, both limitations coincide with the main strengths of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). ddPCR is a third-generation PCR that splits the amplification into thousands of droplets that work in parallel, increasing sensitivity and resistance to inhibitors. Therefore, ddPCR is particularly useful for pool testing. Here we show how to factor between test sensitivity and savings in test time and resources. We have identified and optimized critical parameters for pool testing. The present study, which analyzed 1000 nasopharyngeal samples, showed that the pool testing could detect even a single positive sample with a CT value of up to 30 in pools of 34 samples. This test was performed using three different standard extraction methods, the simplest being heating only, which resulted in substantial savings of extraction reagents in addition to PCR reagents. Moreover, we show that pooling can be extended to use saliva, which is less invasive and allows self-collection, reducing the risk for health personnel.
Risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with human insulin or insulin analogues: a cohort study (2009)

Considering the overall relationship between insulin dose and cancer, and the lower dose with glargine, the cancer incidence with glargine was higher than expected compared with human insulin. Our results based on observational data support safety concerns surrounding the mitogenic properties of glargine in diabetic patients. Prospective long-term studies are needed to further evaluate the safety of insulin analogues, especially glargine.
Universal Banking and the Pricing of Securities Risk: Historical Evidence from Germany (2000)

This paper investigates the importance of financial institutions, particularly universal banks, in the pricing of risk in securities markets. Recent research on modern economies, finds that three factors explain the cross-section of average stock returns: (i) a stock's sensitivity to market-wide price movements (``beta''), (ii) market capitalization, and (iii) book value of equity relative to its market price (the value effect). The German financial system of the pre-World War I period is a particularly informative case, since it enjoyed both a large and active stock market as well as powerful, relationship-oriented universal banks. In such a system, banks are often seen as particularly important for resolving information problems and may therefore improve risk sharing. If so, the three-factor model may fail to explain securities pricing. Banks (as opposed to finance companies and mutual funds) have diminished in importance in American corporate finance. One goal of this study, therefore, is to determine whether the decline of banks is irrelevant or is detrimental to social welfare. The future usefulness of banks hinges on their ability to contribute something that competitive markets cannot or do not. The theoretical literature offers conflicting hypotheses about this issue, making the question ultimately an empirical one. The study uses standard methodology in order to facilitate cross-reference to existing empirical literature. The methodology can be criticized on various asset-pricing theoretic grounds (most imortantly, it is not robust to deleting conditioning information). Nonetheless, such analyses have led to the discovery of several robust statistical regularities. While the approach clearly is not a formal test of a particular asset pricing model (the CAPM or APT), such models typically fail when confronted with the data. By using various sampling techniques, the analysis also estimates the importance of survivorship bias in the estimation of pricing models.
Detection of Replication Competent Lentivirus Using a qPCR Assay for VSV-G (2017)

Lentiviral vectors are a common tool used to introduce new and corrected genes into cell therapy products for treatment of human diseases. Although lentiviral vectors are ideal for delivery and stable integration of genes of interest into the host cell genome, they potentially pose risks to human health, such as integration-mediated transformation and generation of a replication competent lentivirus (RCL) capable of infecting non-target cells. In consideration of the latter risk, all cell-based products modified by lentiviral vectors and intended for patient use must be tested for RCL prior to treatment of the patient. Current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines recommend use of cell-based assays to this end, which can take up to 6 weeks for results. However, qPCR-based assays are a quick alternative for rapid assessment of RCL in products intended for fresh infusion. We describe here the development and qualification of a qPCR assay based on detection of envelope gene sequences (vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein [<i>VSV-G</i>]) for RCL in accordance with Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity, linearity, specificity, and reproducibility of detection of <i>VSV-G</i> sequences, with a low false-positive rate. These procedures are currently being used in our phase 1 clinical investigations.
Diagnostiek bij chronische urticaria: To do or not to do? (2020)

In chronic urticaria little to no diagnostic work-up is done. At the urticaria out-patient clinic this work up is done in a standardized way, based on the specific medical history of the patient. With the results it is easier to define if the patient has chronic spontaneous urticarial, inducible urticarial or a mixture of both. During this work up interesting cases are found on a regular basis. In this article we discuss several of these cases.
Motion Path Design for Specific Muscle Training Using Neural Network (2013)

Specific muscle training is expected to be used for efficient rehabilitation and care prevention. In this paper, we propose algorithms for designing a motion path capable of strengthening specific muscles. By using the proposed algorithms, it is possible to design a motion path maximizing the activity of an agonist muscle and minimizing that of other muscles. For training, the load is applied by using a 2-link arm. EMG signal is measured during a training experiment, and the degree of muscular revitalization is evaluated by the amplitude of EMG signal. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments.
Parity-Violating Electron Deuteron Scattering and the Proton’s Neutral Weak Axial Vector Form Factor (2004)

We report on a new measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering from the deuteron at backward angles at Q2=0.038 (GeV/c)2. This quantity provides a determination of the neutral weak axial vector form factor of the nucleon, which can potentially receive large electroweak corrections. The measured asymmetry A=-3.51+/-0.57 (stat)+/-0.58 (syst) ppm is consistent with theoretical predictions. We also report on updated results of the previous experiment at Q2=0.091 (GeV/c)2, which are also consistent with theoretical predictions.
A new approach to the determination of the liquidus and solidus points associated with the melting curve of the eutectic Co–C, taking into account the thermal inertia of the furnace (2013)

In the case of metal–carbon eutectics, with transition temperatures above 1000 °C, the liquidus-point temperature, associated with melting, serves as a prime reference temperature. Factors influencing the shape of the melting curve and how to deal with them when specifying the liquidus temperature are the main subject of this paper. Influence factors investigated are the impurity factor, the furnace-temperature gradient, and a factor not considered before: the thermal inertia of the furnace and the associated transient in furnace temperature during melting. These investigations resulted in an improved method for determining the liquidus point, demonstrated for Co–C, which implicitly corrects for the post-melting effect, if any. In addition, a new method, the step-shift method, is proposed for the determination of the solidus point by direct observation. As shown, there is a clear justification for establishing reference methods to determining the solidus and liquidus points of M–C eutectics along the lines set out in this paper.
London Letters and Some Others (1994)

Mr Gilbert may be named as one of those men of letters who talk as they write. This does not mean that he talks like a book; of all compliments the most doubtful that can be paid to a writer ambitious of social distinction. Mr Gilbert’s social ambitions are understood to be limited; he does not care for society, much as society cares for him. He prefers friendships, close intimacies, the continued companionship of a small circle of chosen associates. Those are the circumstances in which he is at his best, unless it be, as I have heard one of his friends maintain, when he is conducting a difficult rehearsal at the Savoy Theatre. Then it is that his English is most direct, forcible, and to the point; as becomes one of the most accomplished of stage managers, or — for the French phrase is the more accurate and expressive — of metteurs en scène. But perhaps that is not conversation; it is something between exhortation and command; between the pulpit orator and the cavalry colonel.
Concentrations of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient PM2.5 and PM10 particulates in Doha, Qatar (2018)

Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 90 organic compounds (36 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], 25 n-alkane homologues, 17 hopanes, and 12 steranes) were concurrently quantified in atmospheric particulate matter of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>. The 24-hr PM samples were collected using Harvard Impactors at a suburban site in Doha, Qatar, from May to December 2015. The mass concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> were 40 ± 15 and 145 ± 70 µg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively, exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. Coarse particles comprised 70% of PM<sub>10</sub>. Total carbonaceous contents accounted for 14% of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and 10% of PM<sub>10</sub> particulate mass. The major fraction (90%) of EC was associated with the PM<sub>2.5</sub>. In contrast, 70% of OC content was found in the PM<sub>2.5-10</sub> fraction. The secondary OC accounted for 60-68% of the total OC in both PM fractions, indicating photochemical conversions of organics are much active in the area due to higher air temperatures and solar radiations. Among the studied compounds, n-alkanes were the most abundant group, followed by PAHs, hopanes, and steranes. n-Alkanes from C<sub>25</sub> to C<sub>35</sub> prevailed with a predominance of odd carbon numbered congeners (C<sub>27</sub>-C<sub>31</sub>). High-molecular-weight PAHs (5-6 rings) also prevailed, within their class, with benzo[b + j]fluoranthene (Bb + jF) being the dominant member. PAHs were mainly (80%) associated with the PM<sub>2.5</sub> fraction. Local vehicular and fugitive emissions were predominant during low-speed southeasterly winds from urban areas, while remote petrogenic/biogenic emissions were particularly significant under prevailing northwesterly wind conditions. Implications: An unprecedented study in Qatar established concentration profiles of EC, OC, and 90 organic compounds in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>. Multiple tracer organic compounds for each source can be used for convincing source apportionment. Particle concentrations exceeded WHO air quality guidelines for 82-96% of the time, revealing a severe problem of atmospheric PM in Doha. Dominance of EC and PAHs in fine particles signifies contributions from combustion sources. Dependence of pollutants concentrations on wind speed and direction suggests their significant temporal and spatial variability, indicating opportunities for improving the air quality by identifying sources of airborne contaminants.
Direction of Arrival estimation using single tripole radio antenna (2009)

We consider the problem of estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple waves incident on a single tripole sensor. Using the physical properties of the electric and magnetic fields, we show that we can disambiguate the DOA of multiple simultaneously incident waves using a set of time sampled 3D measurements from the single sensor. This is different from the traditional approach that uses arrays of antennas to estimate DOA. We use the unitary matrix pencil method to estimate the frequencies of the waves, and use a least squares solver to estimate the amplitude and phase coefficients. We combine these to compute the DOA and evaluate the approach using simulations. We show that the method is very effective at estimating DOA for different numbers of incident waves, and different noise levels.
Optimization of a new type of ultrasonic linear motor (2008)

This paper presents the design, the properties, and the optimization study of a new type of ultrasonic linear motor. Numerical modeling has been carried out and simulations with software have been realized. To avoid performing a large number of simulations, sensitivity analysis has been carried out, in particular using design of experiments. The Doehlert method has been chosen in our study. The results found show that this preoptimization stage allows one to improve the deformation amplitude and to reduce the input parameter variation ranges. Finite element (FE) optimization is then carried out, and results show that the motion amplitudes can be increased compared to the initial design of the motor. Some experiments on prototypes show that the travel range of the motor has been increased while decreasing the applied voltage by a factor of 2.
Machine learning of IC layout "styles" for Mask Data Processing verification and optimization (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Practical machine learning (ML) techniques are being deployed, at an accelerated pace, in an expanding set of application domains. The newsworthy examples in games strategy, image recognition, automated translation and autonomous driving are only the tip of the iceberg of a massive revolution in industrial manufacturing. Semiconductor IC design and manufacturing are also starting to see a number of ML applications, albeit of limited scope. In this work we present both a novel computational tool for ML of physical design layout styles (constructs, patterns) and also a general technical framework for the implementation of ML solutions across the design to mask to silicon chain. ML applications derive their mathematical foundations from Computational Learning Theory, which establishes “learning” as a computational process. The quantitative characterization of the learnability space and its associated Vapnik-Chervonenkis, (VC) dimension, is therefore a pre-requisite of any meaningful ML application. Various types of geometric constructs in the 3D Euclidian space of physical design layouts provide an ideal learnability domain. Specifically, the entire set of generalized Design Rules, silicon retargeting, Optical proximity Correction (OPC), post-OPC verification (ORC) and mask manufacturing constraints (MRC) can be demonstrated to be in a learnable set. This means that, given a suitable feature extraction model, classifiers systems can be built to perform data analytics and optimization, with a quantifiably higher performance (in terms of speed and scale) than any of the currently used engineering-based heuristics. Additionally layout styles, particularly the ones generated by Place-and-Route (P&R) tools and even manual layout for custom blocks are amenable to automated learning (and subsequent parametric-space optimization). Two complete examples in the Design to Mask flow, for advanced technology node applications will be used to validate the ML methodological framework and to illustrate extendibility to other areas, such as process and fab flow optimization. References [1] “A Theory of the Learnable”, L. Valiant – Communications of the ACM, 27 (1984) [2] “On the Learnability of Boolean Formulae”, M. Kearns et al. - ACM Symposium on Theory of computing (1987) [3] “Classifying learnable geometric concepts with the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension”, Blumer, et al. - ACM Symposium on Theory of computing (1986) [4] Optimization of complex high-dimensional layout configurations for IC physical designs using graph search, data analytics, and machine learning, V. Dai, et al. - Proc. SPIE 10148, DPTCO XI, (April 2)