gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of AMP-activated Protein Kinase in Cyclic AMP-dependent Lipolysis In 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2003)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a phylogenetically conserved intracellular energy sensor that has been implicated as a major regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism in mammals. However, its possible role in mediating or influencing the adrenergic control of lipolysis in adipocytes remains uncertain. In this study, we utilized the murine cultured preadipocyte line 3T3-L1 to examine this question. Treatment of adipocytes with isoproterenol or forskolin promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK at a critical activating Thr-172 residue in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This correlated well with a stimulation of the activity of AMPK, as measured in the immune complex. Analogs of cAMP mimicked the effect of isoproterenol and forskolin on AMPK phosphorylation. Treatment of adipocytes with insulin reduced both basal and forskolin-induced AMPK phosphorylation via a pathway dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. Overexpression of a dominant-inhibitory mutant of AMPK blocked isoproterenol-induced lipolysis by approximately 50%. These data indicate that there exists a novel pathway by which cAMP can lead to the activation of AMPK, and in adipocytes, this is required for maximal activation of lipolysis.
Hybrid: A Definitional Two-Level Approach to Reasoning with Higher-Order Abstract Syntax (2008)

Combining higher-order abstract syntax and (co)induction in a logical framework is well known to be problematic. Previous work described the implementation of a tool called Hybrid, within Isabelle HOL, which aims to address many of these difficulties. It allows object logics to be represented using higher-order abstract syntax, and reasoned about using tactical theorem proving and principles of (co)induction. In this paper we describe how to use it in a multi-level reasoning fashion, similar in spirit to other meta-logics such as Twelf. By explicitly referencing provability in a middle layer called a specification logic, we solve the problem of reasoning by (co)induction in the presence of non-stratifiable hypothetical judgments, which allow very elegant and succinct specifications of object logic inference rules.
Coordination Control of SMR-Based NSSS Modules Integrated by Feedwater Distribution (2016)

Due to its strong safety feature, the small modular reactor whose electric output is no more than 300MWe has been seen as a promising trend in nuclear engineering. By adopting multi-modular scheme, i.e. the superheated steam flows produced by multiple SMR-based nuclear heating system (NSSS) modules are combined to drive a common thermal load, the strong safety feature of a SMR can be applied to large-scale nuclear plants. To improve the economic competitiveness, it is meaningful to integrate multiple NSSS modules by the scheme of feedwater distribution, i.e. sharing a common pump and distributing feedwater by adjusting the opening of regulating valve of each module. The module coordination control of multiple SMR-based NSSS modules coupled by feedwater distribution is essentially the flowrate-pressure control of the common secondary-loop fluid flow network (FFN). In this paper, the nonlinear differential-algebraic model for the FFNs with a single feedwater pump is first given. A novel distributed adaptive flowrate-pressure control is proposed, which is then applied to realize the module coordination. Numerical simulation results in the case of coordination control of two MHTGR-based NSSS modules integrated by feedwater distribution scheme show the feasibility as well as the satisfactory transient performance of this newly-built coordination control law.
Breaking the Boundaries in Heterogeneous-ISA Datacenters (2017)

Energy efficiency is one of the most important design considerations in running modern datacenters. Datacenter operating systems rely on software techniques such as execution migration to achieve energy efficiency across pools of machines. Execution migration is possible in datacenters today because they consist mainly of homogeneous-ISA machines. However, recent market trends indicate that alternate ISAs such as ARM and PowerPC are pushing into the datacenter, meaning current execution migration techniques are no longer applicable. How can execution migration be applied in future heterogeneous-ISA datacenters?
Seizure Modulation with Applied Electric Fields in Chronically Implanted Animals (2006)

Low Frequency (les100Hz) applied electric fields have been shown to modulate neuronal activity both In Vitro and in acute whole animal studies. We have been working to apply this technology for seizure control in chronically implanted animals. We have developed electronics for simultaneously recording neural activity while stimulating with low frequency fields. We have observed transient entrainment of spike and wave activity during spontaneous seizures with open loop sinusoidal stimulation with frequencies between 9-15 Hz. This is the first demonstration of low frequency field modulation of neural activity in chronically implanted mammalian brain
Concurrent Dual-Band Six-Port Receiver for Multi-Standard and Software Defined Radio Applications (2013)

This paper proposes a novel concurrent dual-band receiver architecture that uses only one six-port correlator circuit to downconvert two signals in two different bands concurrently. The receiver is reconfigurable over a broadband to simultaneously receive two different signals with different modulation techniques and bandwidths. There are no limitations on the carrier frequencies of the two signals except that they have to be within the bandwidth of the six port receiver. The mathematical model for the receiver is derived and subsequently implemented to evaluate its performance. This approach shows that, by analytically choosing the frequencies of the two local oscillator signals sent into the six-port correlator, the in-phase (I) and the quadrature (Q) components of each of the two input RF signals can be obtained from the filtered high-pass and low-pass components of the diode detectors outputs. A black box model, which uses a modified memory polynomial, is used to calibrate the receiver. The calibration constants are estimated by sending a training signal of similar characteristics as the signal to be received. Two signals pairs with different modulation types are received to verify the model, and to evaluate the performance and test the robustness of the receiver. A 64-QAM signal at 2.5 GHz and a 16-QAM signal at 3.0 GHz, both with a data rate of 2 Mbps are received. The measured EVMs were 1.9% for the 64-QAM and 1.8% for the 16-QAM. Real communication signals, WCDMA and LTE were also received concurrently with measured EVMs of 1.9% and 2.0%, respectively. A bit error rate (BER) profile of the receiver for a 16QAM and 64QAM, both at 2Mbps is also plotted to evaluate the receiver.
Detection of circulating tumour cells in patients with breast or ovarian cancer by molecular cytogenetics (1999)

Detection of micrometastases in patients with solid tumours may aid the establishment of prognosis and development of new therapeutic approaches. This study was designed to investigate the presence and frequency of tumour cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with breast or ovarian cancer by using a combination of magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Separated tumour cell and PB-samples from 48 patients (35 breast cancers, 12 ovarian tumours, one uterine sarcoma) were analysed for the presence of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, 12, 17 and 17 q11.2-q12. Twenty-five patients had primary disease and 23 had relapsed. The technique allows the detection of one tumour cell in 106 normal cells. Circulating tumour cells were detected in 35/48 cases (17 patients had relapsed and 13 primary carcinoma with lymph node or solid metastases) by the expression of anti-cytokeratin and the presence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities. PB-tumour cells of patients with a primary carcinoma and without solid metastases had a significantly lower percentage of chromosomal aberrations, especially for chromosome 12 (P = 0.035; P = 0.038) compared to those with relapsed disease and solid metastases. Detection and quantification of minimal residual disease may monitor the response to cytotoxic or hormonal therapy and may identify women at risk of relapse.
Portable Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor and Its Applications (2017)

A self-constructed portable SPR biosensor is introduced. It was used to detect shrimp hemocyanin and microcystin. The experiment results show that the device has the application prospect in the field of food safety detection.
Self-Supervised Equivariant Attention Mechanism for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (2020)

Image-level weakly supervised semantic segmentation is a challenging problem that has been deeply studied in recent years. Most of advanced solutions exploit class activation map (CAM). However, CAMs can hardly serve as the object mask due to the gap between full and weak supervisions. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised equivariant attention mechanism (SEAM) to discover additional supervision and narrow the gap. Our method is based on the observation that equivariance is an implicit constraint in fully supervised semantic segmentation, whose pixel-level labels take the same spatial transformation as the input images during data augmentation. However, this constraint is lost on the CAMs trained by image-level supervision. Therefore, we propose consistency regularization on predicted CAMs from various transformed images to provide self-supervision for network learning. Moreover, we propose a pixel correlation module (PCM), which exploits context appearance information and refines the prediction of current pixel by its similar neighbors, leading to further improvement on CAMs consistency. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset demonstrate our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods using the same level of supervision. The code is released online.
Rapid Detection of Fetal Mendalian Disorders: Tay-Sachs Disease (2008)

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive storage disease caused by the impaired activity of the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase A. In this fatal disease, the sphingolipid GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the neurons. Due to high carrier rates and the severity of the disease, population screening and prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease are routinely carried out in Israel. Laboratory diagnosis of Tay-Sachs is carried out with biochemical and DNA-based methods in peripheral and umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and chorionic villi samples. The assay of hexosaminidase A (Hex A) activity is carried out with synthetic substrates, 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide (4-MUGS) and 4-methylumbelliferil-N-acetyl-β-glucosamine (4-MUG), and the DNA-based analysis involves testing for the presence of specific known mutations in the α-subunit gene of Hex A. Prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease is accomplished within 24–48 h from sampling. The preferred strategy is to simultaneously carry out enzymatic analysis in the amniotic fluid supernatant or in chorionic villi and molecular DNA-based testing in an amniotic fluid cell-pellet or in chorionic villi.
Co‐transcription of Rhizobium meliloti lysyl‐tRNA synthetase and glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase genes (1999)

An open reading frame encoding a putative polypeptide very similar to several lysyl-tRNA synthetases was found 10 nucleotides downstream of Rhizobium meliloti gltX encoding glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Expression of this gene complemented a mutation in lysS of Escherichia coli and led to the overexpression of a polypeptide of the expected mass (62 kDa), thus confirming that it encodes R. meliloti lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate that this lysS gene is co-transcribed with gltX in R. meliloti. This is the first reported case of two immediately adjacent and co-transcribed genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient studies in tomato (2007)

Evaluation of 20 genotypes of tomato elucidated high heritability with high GCV and genetic gain for-10 fruits weight, number of locules/fruit and fruit yield which could be improved by simple selection. The phenotypic and genotypic associations of fruit yield were significant and positive with 10-fruits weight, fruit girth, TSS (only at genotypic level) and number locules/fruit but significant and negative with plant height. Ten-fruit weight had significant and positive correlation with fruit length, fruit girth and number of locules/fruit at both levels. Path analysis confirmed that 10 fruits weight had highest positive direct effect followed by number of locules/fruit. Hence due weightage should be given to both characters while imposing selection for amelioration of fruit yield in tomato.
Radio-frequency analysis and power supply assessment for wireless sensor networks on trains (2015)

This paper presents partial results, focusing mainly on the antenna and propagation aspects, of a research project whose goal is to design and prototype a wireless sensor network for real time monitoring of the working conditions of the bearings on trains. The issue of power supply is also assessed and a proof of concept of an Energy Harvesting prototype is presented: the device may replace batteries in such distributed monitoring systems.
A General Approach to Backwards-Compatible Delivery of High Dynamic Range Images and Video (2006)

We propose a general solution to the problem of decoding high dynamic range (HDR) information stored as a supplement to low dynamic range (LDR) images or video. Each LDR frame is paired with a lower resolution HDR version, and these are compressed separately using any of the existing methods appropriate to the task. On decode, the low-resolution HDR image is upsampled to match the resolution of the LDR version, and the high frequencies are transferred from the LDR to the HDR frame. The recovery process places no constraints on the color space or tone-mapping of the backwards-compatible LDR content, and is thus ideally suited to applications such as DVD movies that target legacy equipment while building in forwardcompatibility with emerging HDR systems. A fast and simple recovery algorithm is demonstrated, followed by a more sophisticated and accurate technique. Examples are shown on computer-generated video frames as well as HDR captured video.
Microtubule associated protein (MAP1B) is present in cultured oligodendrocytes and co‐localizes with tubulin (1990)

Differentiation of oligodendrocytes is accompanied by the extension of processes and the assembly of the myelin membrane. It is likely that the cytoskeleton plays an important role in this process in terms of changes in cell shape, transport of myelin components, and organization of the myelin membrane. Oligodendrocytes contain microtubules (MT) which associate with other components of the cytoskeleton, and microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) may mediate some of these interactions. In this study we have shown the presence of MAP1B in oligodendrocytes grown in primary glial cultures by double-label immunofluorescence using antibodies to galactocerebroside (GC) and MAP1B. The staining of the cultures showed that GC-positive oligodendrocytes were also stained with MAP1B antibodies. However, MAP1B stain was limited to cell bodies and processes, whereas GC stain was also seen in flattened membrane sheets and punctate staining in processes. MAP1B staining was also compared with that of myelin proteolipid (PLP), myelin basic protein (MBP) and beta-tubulin in secondary glial cultures that were enriched for oligodendrocytes. The results showed a typical staining of cell bodies and membranous profiles using PLP antibodies, and the staining of cell bodies and flattened regions of membranous sheets by MBP antibodies. In contrast, both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to MAP1B showed a uniform diffuse staining of cell bodies, major processes, and fine interconnected processes. Double-labeling of the cells showed that MAP1B was co-localized with tubulin, but was not present in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. Western and Northern blot analyses of primary glial cultures showed that MAP1B had a molecular mass of 320 kDa and a mRNA of 10 kb. These values are identical to those previously reported for brain MAP1B (Safaei and Fischer, 1989) and demonstrate the presence of MAP1B in oligodendrocytes.
Abstract 13935: Ca2+ Signaling is Required for Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy During Chamber Development Independent of Contraction or Blood Flow (2013)

OBJECTIVES: In utero interventions aimed at restoring left ventricular hemodynamic forces in fetuses with prenatally diagnosed hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) failed to rescue left ventricul...
New, stable isomers of [C2H4O]+˙, and [C2H4O2]+˙, the radical cations [CH3COH]+˙ and [CH3OCOH]+˙ (1983)

The ions [CH3COH]+˙ and [CH3OCOH]+˙ have been characterised by their collisional activation mass spectra and their heats of formation were measured as 865 ± 20 and 661 ± 5 kJ mol–1respectively; [CH3COH]+˙ is the reacting Configuration for H˙ loss from [CH2CHOH]+˙.
R-spondin 2 promotes acetylcholine receptor clustering at the neuromuscular junction via Lgr5 (2016)

At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering is mediated by spinal motor neuron (SMN)-derived agrin and its receptors on the muscle, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) and muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Additionally, AChR clustering is mediated by the components of the Wnt pathway. Laser capture microdissection of SMNs revealed that a secreted activator of Wnt signaling, R-spondin 2 (Rspo2), is highly expressed in SMNs. We found that Rspo2 is enriched at the NMJ, and that Rspo2 induces MuSK phosphorylation and AChR clustering. Rspo2 requires Wnt ligands, but not agrin, for promoting AChR clustering in cultured myotubes. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), an Rspo2 receptor, is also accumulated at the NMJ, and is associated with MuSK via LRP4. Lgr5 is required for Rspo2-mediated AChR clustering in myotubes. In Rspo2-knockout mice, the number and density of AChRs at the NMJ are reduced. The Rspo2-knockout diaphragm has an altered ultrastructure with widened synaptic clefts and sparse synaptic vesicles. Frequency of miniature endplate currents is markedly reduced in Rspo2-knockout mice. To conclude, we demonstrate that Rspo2 and its receptor Lgr5 are Wnt-dependent and agrin-independent regulators of AChR clustering at the NMJ.
LiDAR Range Equation (2019)

In calculating the required energy, or power, to obtain a measureable return with a LiDAR, an engineer can divide the calculation into two parts. The first part is the calculated intensity of the reflected laser light from the target. This result can be stated in terms of the number of photons returned to each detector in a certain period of time. The second part calculates how much energy, in photons, is needed in each detector to measure the returned signal. For the second part, we have to compare the returned energy to the noise. We discuss the second part of this in Chapter 6, which concerns LiDAR receivers. For a given noise, we can set a threshold that results in a certain probability of both detection and false alarm. The first part of this calculation—how many photons are returned—is usually called a link budget calculation. The second part of the calculation is associated with the receiver sensitivity. There are many different types of receivers, as discussed in Chapter 6. This chapter focuses primarily on the link budget portion of the calculation. For the calculations in this chapter, it is assumed that a certain number of received photons is required in a given period for the receiver to detect the return signal. Chapter 6 provides more detail on receiver sensitivity and probabilities, which depend on the type of receiver being considered.
Energy Absorption Capability of 3D Braided-Textile Composite Tubes with Rectangular Cross Section (2007)

Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) are now under research as crush element because of its contribution in energy absorption. The 3D-textile braiding was introduced in this study as a reinforcement form of fibers. The CFRP square tubes with rectangular cross section were tested in quasi-static experiments. The results show that 3D structure was effective in holding back the propagation of the central crack and the composite tube with a design on the corners could perform better energy absorption capability.
On Protection by Layout Randomization (2012)

Layout randomization is a powerful, popular technique for software protection. We present it and study it in programming-language terms. More specifically, we consider layout randomization as part of an implementation for a high-level programming language; the implementation translates this language to a lower-level language in which memory addresses are numbers. We analyze this implementation, by relating low-level attacks against the implementation to contexts in the high-level programming language, and by establishing full abstraction results.
Simulating two-sided mobility platforms with MaaSSim (2022)

Two-sided mobility platforms, such as Uber and Lyft, widely emerged in the urban mobility landscape. Distributed supply of individual drivers, matched with travellers via intermediate platform yields a new class of phenomena not present in urban mobility before. Such disruptive changes to transportation systems call for a simulation framework where researchers from various and across disciplines may introduce models aimed at representing the complex dynamics of platform-driven urban mobility. In this work, we present MaaSSim, a lightweight agent-based simulator reproducing the transport system used by two kinds of agents: (i) travellers, requesting to travel from their origin to destination at a given time, and (ii) drivers supplying their travel needs by offering them rides. An intermediate agent, the platform, matches demand with supply. Agents are individual decision-makers. Specifically, travellers may decide which mode they use or reject an incoming offer; drivers may opt-out from the system or reject incoming requests. All of the above behaviours are modelled through user-defined modules, allowing to represent agents' taste variations (heterogeneity), their previous experiences (learning) and available information (system control). MaaSSim is a flexible open-source python library capable of realistically reproducing complex interactions between agents of a two-sided mobility platform. MaaSSim is available from a public repository, along with a set of tutorials and reproducible use-case scenarios, as demonstrated with a series of illustrative examples and a comprehensive case study.
A new approach to primer selection in polymerase chain reaction experiments. (1995)

We address the problem of primer selection in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments. We prove that the problem of minimizing the number of primers required to amplify a set of DNA sequences is NP-complete, and show that even approximating solutions to this problem to within a constant factor times optimal is intractable. On the practical side, we give a simple branch-and-bound algorithm that solves the primers minimization problem within reasonable time for typical instances. We present an efficient approximation scheme for this problem, and prove that our heuristic always produces solutions no worse than a logarithmic factor times the optimal, this being the best approximation possible within polynomial time. Finally, we analyze a weighted variant, where both the number of primers as well as the sum of their "costs" is optimized simultaneously. We conclude by presenting the empirical performance of our methods on biological data.