gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H5N1 influenza vaccine quality is affected by hemagglutinin conformational stability (2014)

ABSTRACT Since 1997, highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have circulated in wild and domestic birds and sporadically have infected humans. Conventional inactivated vaccines made from these viruses were shown to have decreased HA content and immunogenicity compared to seasonal preparations. We assumed that the high pH threshold (5.6-6.0) known for the HA conformational change (pH of fusion or activation) of avian highly pathogenic influenza viruses was the reason of the low stability of native HA conformation and affected the vaccine quality. The 58Lys→Ile mutation introduced into the HA2 subunit of the HA of A/chicken/Kurgan/5/05 (H5N1) virus decreased the pH threshold of the HA activation. The mutant virus demonstrated increased HA stability toward acidic pH and elevated temperature, decreased binding efficiency to the monoclonal antibody IIF4 that recognizes the HA low pH form, and increased HA resistance to trypsin digestion. Virus with modified HA was less susceptible to freezing stress and showed an increased content of immunocompetent HA in inactivated vaccine preparation compared to the analogous virus with original HA. Therefore, we have shown a way to increase the quality of inactivated vaccines made from highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
Sequences, patterns, and solutions can be segregated to their elemental parts (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "The 3of5 web application for complex and comprehensive pattern matching in protein sequences"BMC Bioinformatics 2006;7():144-144.Published online 16 Mar 2006PMCID:PMC1523217. The sliding window is part of the sequence that is to be searched. This size is defined by the maximal size of the total pattern. The total pattern is segregated into subpatterns that are suited for computation in the 3of5 algorithm. Matching subpatterns become a subsolution. Every branch of a solution tree becomes a total solution, once also the final subpattern has matched.
Reformado de metano en seco utilizando perovskitas La1-XAXNiO3 y LaNi1-XBXO3 (A: Ce ó Pr y B: Co ó Mg) como precursores del catalizador (2010)

La perovskita LaNiO3 fue sintetizada por cuatro metodos diferentes: autocombustion, sol-gel, calcinacion de nitratos y freeze-drying. El catalizador que presento la mayor actividad en terminos de conversiones de CH4
 y CO2 a H2/CO fue el proveniente de la perovskita sintetizada por el metodo de autocombustion. Los catalizadores sustituidos parcialmente con Co mostraron una actividad inferior que aquellos con solo Ni. Este decrecimiento en la actividad fue atribuido a la formacion de la aleacion CoNi. Los catalizadores sustituidos con Mg registraron una disminucion de los depositos carbonosos debido probablemente al aumento de la basicidad de los catalizadores. La mayor resistencia a la acumulacion de depositos carbonosos se observo en los catalizadores que contienen Pr y Ce, lo cual se atribuye a las propiedades redox de los oxidos (PrYOX y CeYOX) facilitando la gasificacion de los depositos carbonosos formados durante la reaccion.
Design a CPW-Fed Circular Polarization Printed Antenna for 5G Sub-Band Applications (2022)

In this paper, a coplanar waveguide-fed (CPW) printed antenna with circular polarization is suggested for the sub-6 GHz 5th generation spectrum. The proposed antenna is characterized by its single metallic layer being printed on one side of an FR4 substrate dielectric material with epsilon value ($\varepsilon_{r}$) of 4.4 and tangent loss (tan$\delta$) of 0.02. The total size of the suggested antenna is 30$\times$ 23.2$\times $ 1 mm<sup>3</sup>. The results show a wide-impedance bandwidth starts at 3.9GHz and going up to more than 8GHz with an S<inf>11</inf> value smaller than -10dB (S<inf>11</inf>$\le$10 dB) and the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) varying from 4GHz to 7.38GHz with an axial ratio(AR) value smaller than -3dB. The gain varies from 2.8dB up to 4.18dB in the entire band. This antenna covers all the sub-6GHz frequency bands of the fifth generation (5 G) applications. The HFSS software is used to design and simulate the suggested antenna and the CST.Studio is used to validate the results.
Evaluation of Green's function integrals in conducting media (2004)

For seamless surface-based broadband simulation, it is important to explicitly model the interior of conducting materials in order to avoid ad-hoc mixing of surface and volume based formulations. This paper focuses on broadband computation of lossy medium scalar, vector, and gradient Green's function integrals for arbitrarily located sources and observers. We propose a polar-coordinate transformation and new mixed analytic and numerical quadrature for accurate evaluation of RWG function (S.M. Rao et al, IEEE Trans. on Ant. Prop., vol.30, p.409-418, 1982) based scalar, vector, and gradient Green's function integrals in lossy conducting media in a form more general than other existing methods. The presented technique is broadband and applicable to any distribution of source and testing function locations and orientations and to any lossy material.
Rapid Instant Thin-Layer Chromatography System for Determining the Radiochemical Purity of 68Ga-DOTATATE (2018)

The objective of this study was to develop instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC) conditions for the determination of radiochemical purity of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE in a shorter time period than those stated in the NETSPOT (Advanced Accelerator Applications, Saint-Genis-Pouilly, France; AAA) kit package insert (PI). A faster ITLC system is needed to reduce the 48- to 50-min development time so that more radioactivity is available for single patient use and wait times are shorter in the event of kit failure. <b>Methods:</b> Variations of the PI mobile system were evaluated with microfiber chromatography paper impregnated with silica gel (ITLC-SG). After a more suitable mobile system was identified, evaluation began by attempting to shorten the 10-cm development distance to 7, 8, and 9 cm. <b>Results:</b> Experiments using variations of PI mobile phase showed that increasing the proportion of methanol in the mobile phase decreased development time. Additionally, if the ratio of 1 M ammonium acetate was reduced to 10% or less, retention factor values fall outside specification. Reducing the development distance shortened development time as expected; however, it also affected the resolution aspect of the radiochromatogram. <b>Conclusion:</b> The fastest developing ITLC system, which maintained resolution and peak shape, was methanol:1 M ammonium acetate (80:20 V/V) with ITLC-SG using a development distance of 8 cm.
The cytoskeletal mechanisms of cell–cell junction formation in endothelial cells (2011)

The actin cytoskeleton and associated proteins play a vital role in cell-cell adhesion. However, the procedure by which cells establish adherens junctions remains unclear. We investigated the dynamics of cell-cell junction formation and the corresponding architecture of the underlying cytoskeleton in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We show that the initial interaction between cells is mediated by protruding lamellipodia. On their retraction, cells maintain contact through thin bridges formed by filopodia-like protrusions connected by VE-cadherin-rich junctions. Bridges share multiple features with conventional filopodia, such as an internal actin bundle associated with fascin along the length and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein at the tip. It is striking that, unlike conventional filopodia, transformation of actin organization from the lamellipodial network to filopodial bundle during bridge formation occurs in a proximal-to-distal direction and is accompanied by recruitment of fascin in the same direction. Subsequently, bridge bundles recruit nonmuscle myosin II and mature into stress fibers. Myosin II activity is important for bridge formation and accumulation of VE-cadherin in nascent adherens junctions. Our data reveal a mechanism of cell-cell junction formation in endothelial cells using lamellipodia as the initial protrusive contact, subsequently transforming into filopodia-like bridges connected through adherens junctions. Moreover, a novel lamellipodia-to-filopodia transition is used in this context.
Analog Processor To Solve Optimization Problems (1993)

The implementation of high-safety Li metal batteries (LMBs) needs more stable and safer electrolytes. The solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with their advantageous properties stand out for this purpose. However, low Li/electrolyte interfacial instability and uncontrolled Li dendrites growth trigger unceasing breakage of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), leading to fast capacity degradation. In response to these shortcomings, a new type of polymer electrolyte with self-healing capacity is introduced by grafting ionic liquid chain units into the backbones of polymers, which inherits the chemical inertness against the Li anode, allowing high Li<sup>+</sup> transport, wide electrochemical window, and self-healing traits. Benefiting from the strong external H-bonding interactions, the obtained polymer electrolyte can spontaneously reconstruct dendrite-induced defects and fatigue crack growth at the Li/electrolyte interface, and, in turn, help tailor Li deposition. Owing to the resilient Li/electrolyte interface and dendrite-free Li plating, the equipped Li|LFP batteries display a high initial specific capacity of 134.7 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, rendering a capacity retention of 91.2% after 206 cycles at room temperature. The new polymer electrolyte will undoubtedly bring inspiration for developing practical LMBs with highly improved safety and interfacial stability.
[P‐103]: Imaging neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease with [1–11C] arachidonic acid and positron emission tomography (2005)

Arachidonic acid (AA), a component of membrane phospholipids, is released by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation. Neuroinflammation, which is considered to contribute to AD, can increase PLA2 activity and AA turnover in brain phospholipids; this process has been imaged in unanesthetized rats (Lee, JNeurochem, 91, 936, 2004). To image neuroinflammation in AD patients. Regional brain AA incorporation coefficients (K*) were measured with {1–11C}AA and positron emission tomography (PET) (Giovacchini, JCBFMetab, 22, 1453, 2002) in 8 moderately-severely demented AD patients and 7 age-matched controls; regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with 15O-water. PET images were corrected for partial voluming from MRI scans. Data were normalized to a global mean, which was independently determined. SPM2 was used to test for group differences. Results are at p< 0.001. Compared to controls, rCBF reductions of ~21% were in temporal (BA 37, 20 and 22) and 20–40% in parietal (BA 39 and 7) association cortex bilaterally of AD patients. AD patients had increased normalized K* for AA of ~15% in temporal association cortex bilaterally (BA 21 and 22), ~12% in the right parietal lobule (BA 39), and 10–14% bilaterally in orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11 and 47). Between group differences were greater with absolute K* and rCBF values. Compared to controls, AD patients had 35% decreased mean global CBF and 23% increased global K*. AA incorporation is increased in AD compared with control brainn, globally and regional in brain areas demonstrating inflammatory neuropathology on postmortem; rCBF redudctions in these areas are consistent with prior evidence of reduced neuronal activity. As animals studies indicate that K* increases represent neuroinflammation involving increased PLA2 activity and AA turnover (Rosenberger, JNeurochem, 88, 1168, 2004), our findings suggest that neuroinflammation can be imaged in vivo in AD patients. PET imaging of AA incorporation might be used as a surrogate marker of AD neuroinflammation, for early diagnosis and evaluation of disease progression.
Monitoring and synchronization techniques for single-phase PV systems (2010)

In order to meet standard specifications in terms of power quality and safety for grid-connected systems the phase angle, the amplitude and the frequency of the grid voltage are a critical piece of information. Phase locked loop (PLL) algorithms are very important for grid synchronization and monitoring in most of the grid-connected power converters system. This paper presents a performance comparison of single-phase synchronization techniques: Synchronous Reference Frame-Phase Locked Loop (SRF-PLL), Enhanced Phase-Locked-Loop (EPLL), Quadrature-Phase Locked Loop (QPLL) and Second-Order Generalized Integrator - Phase Locked Loop (SOGI-PLL).
Langerhans cells and viral immunity (2008)

Langerhans cells (LC) are a unique dendritic cell subset that are located in mucosal stratified squamous epithelium and skin epidermis. Their location is ideally suited for their function as antigen presenting cells that capture invading viruses and induce anti-viral immunity. However, it is becoming evident that the interaction between LC and viruses can result in different responses, depending on the virus and the receptors involved. Here we will discuss the recent data on the similarities and differences in roles of LC in viral immunity to and infection with HIV, herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus. Although all three viruses interact with LC during initial infection, the effects can be quite different, reflecting differences in biology and pathogenesis.
Contribution of Pore-Shape to the Polymer Apparent Viscosity (2015)

Abstract Polymer injection is a widely used enhanced oil recovery technique. Optimizing this process requires a thorough understanding of the nature of polymer flows through the porous medium. The current approach involves using an apparent viscosity, as described by the Darcy's law. Such an apparent viscosity is an effective parameter which accounts for effects introduced by the porous medium and the bulk rheology of polymer solutions. These effects include excluded pore volume, inaccessible pore volume, adsorption/retention, shear-thinning, shear-thickening due to converging-diverging channels, non-uniform flow channels, and viscoelasticity. To explain the apparent shear-thickening behaviour in porous media, the existing models use an ad hoc hypothesis; that is, the experimental evidence for these effects is missing. The objective of this study is to obtain a mechanistic picture. We study the effect of pore shape on the apparent viscosity, as the shear rate is varied. Microfluidic devices containing 2D planar porous media with different pore shapes are fabricated using lithography techniques. The devices are essentially periodic arrays of obstacles in square and diamond layouts. Simultaneously measuring the pressure drop while visualizing the flow field allows us to map the flow-field variations on an apparent-viscosity map. We visualize the flow by seeding the polymer solution with fluorescent particles. A time-steady flow field is observed in the shear thinning region, whereas, flow instabilities are observed at the range of shear rates where the shear thinning region ends and the shear thickening region starts. This suggests that the shear-thickening region is somehow connected to those instabilities. Power spectral density is calculated by applying Fast Fourier Transform to the pressure drop time-series data. The power spectral density in the shear-thickening region reveals power law scaling. This power law scaling indicates that the energy from large vortices is gradually transferred to smaller vortices, until it is dissipated as thermal energy. Such an energy cascade system is a typical characteristic of large Reynolds number turbulent flow. However, in our experiments the Reynolds is low, whereas the Weissenberg number is large. Under these conditions, the flow instabilities that we observe originate from an interplay of the shear thinning viscosity and the elastic stresses in the polymer solution.
Single-Molecule Conductance data for a verdazyl radical and its tetrazine analogue under electrochemical control (2021)

Single-molecule conductance data for two compounds:
- a verdazyl persistent radical
- a tetrazine close-shell precursor

Data obtained from experiments under ambient conditions, in mesitylene and in the ionic liquid BMIM-OTf, the latter under electrochemical control in a 4-electrode setup.
Drug delivery across the skin (1997)

Since the introduction of the first through the skin (TTS) therapeutic in 1980, a total of 34 TTS products have been marketed and numerous drugs have been tested by more than 50 commercial organisations for their suitability for TTS delivery. Most of the agents which have been tested have had low molecular weights, due to the impermeability of the skin barrier. This barrier resides in the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum. It is mechanical, anatomical, as well as chemical in nature; laterally overlapping cell multi-layers are sealed by tightly packed, intercellular, lipid multi-lamellae. Chemical skin permeation enhancers increase the transport across the barrier by partly solubilising or extracting the skin lipids and by creating hydrophobic pores. This is often irritating and not always well-tolerated. The TTS approach allows drugs (< 400 kDa in size) to permeate through the resulting pores in the skin, with a short lag-time and subsequent steady-state period. Drug bioavailability for TTS delivery is typically below 50%, avoiding the first pass effect. Wider, hydrophilic channels can be generated by skin poration, with the aid of a small electrical current (> 0.4 mA/cm2) across the skin (iontophoresis) or therapeutic ultrasound (few W/cm2; sonoporation). High-voltage (> 150 V, electroporation) widens the pores even more and often irreversibly. These standard poration methods require experience and equipment and are therefore, not practical; at best, charged/small molecules (< or = 4000 kDa in size) can be delivered efficiently across the skin. In spite of the potential harm of gadget-driven skin poration, this method is used to deliver molecules which conventional TTS patches are unable to deliver, especially polypeptides. Lipid-based drug carriers (liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticle microemulsions, etc.) were proposed as alternative, low-risk delivery vehicles. Such suspensions provide an improved drug reservoir on the skin, but the aggregates remain confined to the surface. Conventional carrier suspensions increase skin hydration and/or behave as skin permeation enhancers. The recently developed carriers; Transferomes, comprise pharmaceutically-acceptable, established compounds and are thought to penetrate the skin barrier along the naturally occurring transcutaneous moisture gradient. Transfersomes are believed to penetrate the hydrophilic (virtual) channels in the skin and widen the former after non-occlusive administration. Both small and large hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules are deliverable across the stratum after conjugation with Transfersomes. Drug distribution after transdermal delivery probably proceeds via the lymph. This results in quasi-zero order kinetics with significant systemic drug levels reached after a lag-time of up to a few hours. The relative efficiency of TTS drug delivery with Transfersomes is typically above 50 %; with the added possibility of regional drug targeting.
Lossy compression of partially masked still images (2002)

Summary form only given. This article describes a component of the DejaVu color document image compression. The DejaVu scheme consists in separating the image into (a) a foreground layer containing text and drawings, and (b) a background layer containing background color and the pictures. These two components are then compressed using the most appropriate techniques. This article outlines a wavelet method for encoding the background layer without wasting bits on pixels masked by the foreground layer. Our method handles arbitrarily complex masks with reasonable computational requirements.
Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries (2018)

Neutral red and ferroin are used as redox indicators (RINs) in potentiometric titrations. The rapid response and reversibility that are prerequisites for RINs are also desirable properties for the active materials in redox flow batteries (RFBs). This study describes the electrochemical properties of ferroin and neutral red as a redox pair. The rapid reaction rates of the RINs allow a cell to run at a rate of 4 C with 89 % capacity retention after the 100<sup>th</sup> cycle. The diffusion coefficients, electrode reaction rates, and solubilities of the RINs were determined. The electron-transfer rate constants of ferroin and neutral red are 0.11 and 0.027 cm s<sup>-1</sup> , respectively, which are greater than those of the components of all-vanadium and Zn/Br<sub>2</sub> cells.
Vaginal Hysterectomy at the Time of Transvaginal Mesh Placement (2010)

: When incisions for mesh placement are kept separate from the vaginal cuff, transvaginal mesh reconstruction can be safely performed at the time of hysterectomy.
Electrostatic effects in myoglobin. pH and ionic strength variations of ionization equilibria for individual groups in sperm whale ferrimyoglobin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrostatic effects in myoglobin. pH and ionic strength variations of ionization equilibria for individual groups in sperm whale ferrimyoglobinS. J. Shire, G. I. H. Hanania, and F. R. N. GurdCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 14, 2974–2979Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00711a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00711a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GUI testing using computer vision (2010)

Testing a GUI's visual behavior typically requires human testers to interact with the GUI and to observe whether the expected results of interaction are presented. This paper presents a new approach to GUI testing using computer vision for testers to automate their tasks. Testers can write a visual test script that uses images to specify which GUI components to interact with and what visual feedback to be observed. Testers can also generate visual test scripts by demonstration. By recording both input events and screen images, it is possible to extract the images of components interacted with and the visual feedback seen by the demonstrator, and generate a visual test script automatically. We show that a variety of GUI behavior can be tested using this approach. Also, we show how this approach can facilitate good testing practices such as unit testing, regression testing, and test-driven development.