gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsular Ligament Involvement in the Development of Mechanical Hyperalgesia after Facet Joint Loading: Behavioral and Inflammatory Outcomes in a Rodent Model of Pain (2008)

Whiplash injury can produce pain in the neck, arm, and hand, and has been associated with inflammation. However, the relationship between inflammatory responses and pain symptoms remains unknown, hindering the development of appropriate therapeutics for whiplash symptoms. Two joint loading paradigms were used separately in an established rat model of painful cervical facet joint distraction to apply: (1) gross failure, and (2) subfailure distraction of the facet capsular ligament. Behavioral outcomes were compared to determine whether more severe mechanical loading produces greater pain by measuring mechanical hyperalgesia in the shoulder and forepaws. Inflammatory mediators (glia and cytokines) were quantified in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after injury. Subfailure loading produced sustained hyperalgesia in the shoulder and forepaw that was significantly greater (p < 0.042) than sham, while an induced capsule failure produced only transient, yet significant (p < 0.021), mechanical hyperalgesia. The absence of hyperalgesia after ligament failure suggests this type of injury may interrupt nociceptive input from the capsule, which is likely necessary to produce sustained pain symptoms. Glial mRNA was significantly increased (p < 0.043) in the spinal cord after ligament failure, but remained unchanged in the DRG. Cytokine mRNA levels in the spinal cord and DRG were also significantly elevated after facet ligament failure, but not after painful subfailure loading. Findings suggest that different joint loading scenarios produced varied inflammatory responses in the CNS. These data support existing clinical reports suggesting that therapeutic interventions directed at the facet capsule may be effective in treating this painful injury.
A study on the fault diagnosis analysis of variable reluctance resolver for electric vehicle (2010)

Variable reluctance (VR) resolver is widely used in traction motor for battery electric vehicle as well as hybrid electric vehicle as a rotor position sensor. VR resolver generates absolute position signal by using resolver-to-digital converter (RDC) in order to deliver exact position of permanent magnets in a rotor of traction motor to motor controller. This paper deals with fault diagnosis of VR resolver by using co-simulation analysis with RDC for position angle detection. As fault conditions, eccentricity of VR resolver, short circuit condition of excitation coil and output signal coils, and material problem of silicon steel in a view point of permeability are considered. 2D FEM is used for the output signal waveforms of SIN, COS and these waveforms are converted into absolute position angle by using the algorithm of RDC. For the verification of proposed analysis results, experiment on fault conditions was conducted and compared with simulation ones.
Mass Transfer Parameters for Packings: Effect of Viscosity (2017)

The effect of liquid viscosity (μL) on the effective mass transfer area (ae) and liquid film mass transfer coefficient (kL) of packing must be known to determine packing height. Most existing correlations are based on water and are not applicable to viscous systems. In this work, ae, kL, and gas film mass transfer coefficient (kG) were measured in a 0.43 m ID packed column with 0.5–3 m of packing. Liquid viscosity was varied from 0.8 to 70 mPa·s by adding glycerol to water. Liquid viscosity has an insignificant effect on ae over the range of μL investigated. The total dependence of kL on μL is −0.75, of which −0.35 is indirect influence through diffusivity, and −0.4 is direct influence through liquid turbulence. Universal mass transfer models for packing were developed as functions of packing geometry, operating condition, and fluid property.
Mechanisms of Peroxynitrite-Mediated Nitration of Tyrosine (2009)

The mechanisms of tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrous acid or nitrosoperoxycarbonate were investigated with the CBS-QB3 method. Either the protonation of peroxynitrite or a reaction with carbon dioxide gives a reactive peroxide intermediate. Peroxynitrous acid-mediated nitration of phenol occurs via unimolecular decomposition to give nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radicals. Nitrosoperoxycarbonate also undergoes unimolecular decomposition to give carbonate and nitrogen dioxide radicals. The reactions of tyrosine with the hydroxyl or carbonate radicals give a phenoxy radical intermediate. The reaction of the nitrogen dioxide with this radical intermediate followed by tautomerization gives nitrated tyrosine in both cases. According to CBS-QB3 calculations, the rate-limiting step for the nitration of phenol is the decomposition of peroxynitrous acid or nitrosoperoxycarbonate.
On performance of sphere decoding and Markov chain Monte Carlo detection methods (2005)

In a recent work, it has been found that the suboptimum detectors that are based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques perform significantly better than their sphere decoding (SD) counterparts. In this letter, we explore the sources of this difference and show that a modification to existing sphere decoders can result in some improvement in their performance, even though they still fall short when compared with the MCMC detector. We also present a novel SD detector that is an exact realization of max-log-MAP detector. We call this exact max-log SD detector. Comparison of the results of this detector with those of the max-log version of the MCMC detector reveals that the latter is near optimal.
Oxylipins (2020)

Products of the oxidation of lipids and the resulting metabolites are collectively called oxylipins. Cross-talk between lipid- and salicylic acid-dependent signal transduction pathways in pathogen defence responses has been observed in a number of studies, and generally involves antagonistic interactions. Oxylipins act as signal molecules, as antimicrobial compounds and they are implicated in lipid peroxidation processes. Lipoxygenasess (LOXs) catalyse at least three different types of reactions: dioxygenation of lipid substrates leading to hydroperoxy lipids, secondary conversion of hydroperoxy lipids leading to keto lipids and formation of epoxy leukotrienes. The antimicrobial activity of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins might contribute to containment of pathogen growth, thus, enhancing the plants’ defence capacity. The LOX pathway starts with the LOX reaction leading to formation of hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids, which then serve as substrates for at least eight different enzyme families in plants forming the different branches of the LOX pathway.
Joint scalable modeling of motion and boundary geometry with quad-tree node merging (2009)

Quad-tree structures are often used to model motion between frames of a video sequence. In this study we are interested in the bit-rate efficiency and resolution scalability of quad-tree motion models. Publications have reported improvements to motion modeling efficiency achieved by introducing geometry information to nodes of quad-tree structures. The benefits of leaf merging to tree based representations have also been highlighted. In keeping with these findings we explore scalability in the context of merged quad-tree representations, modeling the underlying motion flow with joint geometry and motion models. We employ hierarchical coding of the merged quad-tree and ensure that the merging process retains the property of resolution scalability. We show that the performance of scalable coding can be significantly improved by incorporating a new cost objective which takes into account the possibility of scalable decoding. Experimental results reveal that these scalability improvements are achieved without significant loss in overall efficiency and with competitive performance at all resolutions.
Development of a Hydraulic Driven Flexible Manipulator for Neurosurgery (2003)

A new type of hydraulic driven flexible manipulator for neurosurgery was developed. With a balloon put on, by using only physiological saline for drive system, that assures safety, especially in pressure, to brain tissue as well as has a simple mechanism. In addition, this gives the advantage of MRI compatibility. We first designed and made the prototype, and then evaluated it.
Chemotherapy Pharmacodynamics and Neuroimaging and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2016)

Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on contemporary chemotherapy-only protocols demonstrate executive dysfunction. A higher plasma concentration of methotrexate was associated with executive dysfunction as well as with a thicker cortex and higher activity in frontal brain regions, regions often associated with executive function.
Biologic Factors Affecting Spinal Fusion and Bone Regeneration (1995)

Future research should focus on expanding our existing knowledge pertaining to the basic biology of bone regeneration specific to spinal fusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Atpenin B. An Original “Clockwise” Functionalization of 2‐Chloropyridine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NMR Docking of a Substrate into the X-ray Structure of the Asp-21 .fwdarw. Glu Mutant of Staphylococcal Nuclease (1994)

To understand the structural basis of the 1500-fold decrease in catalytic activity of the D21E mutant of staphylococcal nuclease in which an aspartate ligand of the essential Ca2+ has been enlarged to glutamate, the conformation of the enzyme-bound substrate dTdA has been determined by NMR methods and has been docked into the X-ray structure of the D21E mutant (Libson, A. M., Gittis, A.G., & Lattman, E. E. Biochemistry, preceding paper in this issue) based on distances from the bound metal ion to dTdA and on intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects from assigned aromatic proton resonances of Tyr-85, Tyr-113, and Tyr-115 to proton resonances of dTdA, using energy minimization to relieve small overlaps. Like the wild-type enzyme, the D21E mutant forms binary E-M and E-S and ternary E-M-S complexes with Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and La3+. D21E enhances the paramagnetic effects of Co2+ on 1/T1 and 1/T2 of the phosphorus and on 1/T1 of four proton resonances of dTdA, and these effects are abolished by the binding of the competitive inhibitor 3',5'-pdTp. From the paramagnetic effects of enzyme-bound Co2+ on 1/T1 of phosphorus and protons, with the use of a correlation time of 1.1 ps based on 1/T1 values at 250 and 600 MHz, five metal-nucleus distances and 11 lower limit metal-nucleus distances have been calculated. The Co2+ to 31P distance of 4.1 +/- 0.9 A agrees with that found on the wild-type enzyme (Weber, D. J., Mullen, G. P., & Mildvan, A. S. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 7425-7437) and indicates at least 18% inner sphere phosphate coordination. Fourteen interproton distances and 109 lower limit interproton distances in dTdA in the ternary D21E-La(3+)-dTdA complex were determined by NOESY spectra at 50-, 100-, and 200-ms mixing times. Both the metal-nucleus and interproton distances were necessary to compute a narrow range of conformations for enzyme-bound dTdA. As on the wild-type enzyme, the conformation of dTdA on the D21E mutant is highly extended, with high-anti C-2' endo conformations for the individual nucleosides. However, significant conformational differences are found in the torsional angles chi of dA (delta chi = 49 +/- 3 degrees), in gamma of dT (delta gamma = 108 +/- 30 degrees) and in zeta of dT (delta zeta = 124 +/- 38 degrees).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Stereocontrol during the alkylation of enolates attached to .pi.-allyl-Mo(CO)2Cp systems (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrol during the alkylation of enolates attached to .pi.-allyl-Mo(CO)2Cp systemsAnthony J. Pearson, Sanku Mallik, Reza Mortezaei, Matthew W. D. Perry, Raymond J. Shively Jr., and Wiley J. YoungsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 22, 8034–8042Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00178a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00178a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Laser micro- and nano-material processing – Part 2 (2020)

S.111-112
Long Time Operation of Composite Ceramic Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG Micro-chip Lasers for Ignition (2015)

Life tests of diode pumped, high peak power, passively Q-switched composite ceramic Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG micro-chip lasers were performed. Output energy of 3mJ with a pulse duration of &lt;1ns and a repetition rate of 20Hz had been maintained over 8,000hs at room temperature without degradation. We had also confirmed over 7,000hs operation with a repetition rate of 80Hz at room temperature, and with 20Hz at 90 degree C.
Real-time global illumination using precomputed light field probes (2017)

We introduce a new data structure and algorithms that employ it to compute real-time global illumination from static environments. Light field probes encode a scene's full light field and internal visibility. They extend current radiance and irradiance probe structures with per-texel visibility information similar to a G-buffer and variance shadow map. We apply ideas from screen-space and voxel cone tracing techniques to this data structure to efficiently sample radiance on world space rays, with correct visibility information, directly within pixel and compute shaders. From these primitives, we then design two GPU algorithms to efficiently gather real-time, viewer-dependent global illumination onto both static and dynamic objects. These algorithms make different tradeoffs between performance and accuracy. Supplemental GLSL source code is included.
A STUDY ON THE SPACE CHANGE IN HISTORICAL CITY CORE OF LOCAL SMALL CITIES (1998)

Purpose of this paper is to abstract historical small cities and to clarify the actual feature of space changes in historical core of these cities. We carried out several survey on 4 cities -Ono, Tono, Gosen and Nagai - concerning of building site use in three points through these 30 years. Conclusion are as follows, 1) Space character of historical city core is rapidly changing for the past ten years. 2) Open space and parking space are increasing in most of all districts. 3) There are 4 types of districts according to their real state. They are commerce prior district type, commerce declining district type, residentializing district type and potentially residential district type.
Tailoring the Properties of UiO-66 through Defect Engineering: A Review (2019)

Defects, which are commonly in metal organic frameworks (MOFs), are closely related to the performance of materials in various applications. Unlike other MOFs where metal ion clusters are usually 4-, 5-, or 6-connected to the organic linkers, one secondary building unit (SBU) of UiO-66 is coordinated by 12 Zr6 clusters via 12 benzen-1,4-dicarboxlate (BDC) linkers. Therefore, the integrity of the structure can be well maintained after linker or even cluster missing. So far, many methods have been reported on the defect engineering of UiO-66 including adjusting the synthesis conditions (temperature, Zr/linker ratio and choice of Zr precursor), addition of modulators, thermal activation/dehydration, linker modification and metal cation substitution. Various techniques have been used and developed to characterize the existence and concentration of defects, though each technique has its limitations. The formation of defects not only changes the pore structure, but also brings beneficial changes in thermal, electronic, catalytic and adsorbing abilities; thus improved performance can be achieved when defective UiO-66 is used as Lewis and/or Brönsted acids, photocatalysts, adsorbents, electrodes or porous support. In this review, a comprehensive review of defect engineering for UiO-66 including their preparations, characterizations, applications, and then the challenges and outlook are discussed, aiming to provide some designing knowledge for the synthesis of defective UiO-66 with high-performance and promote the wide application of UiO-66 in various fields.
COMPLICATIONS OF ARTHROSCOPIC DRILLING IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS OF THE KNEE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (2021)

Background: Arthroscopic drilling is a well-established treatment for stable intact OCDs of the knee in children when non-operative treatment fails. The decision to proceed to operative treatment requires a discussion regarding the risks and benefits of surgical intervention. While there is abundant data suggesting that OCD drilling is a highly effective treatment strategy, there is little data specifically evaluating the risks and complications of this procedure. Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess the complications of drilling of stable OCDs of the knee, and the risk factors for developing complications. Methods: In a retrospective chart review from 2009-2017, data from patients &lt;18 years old who underwent arthroscopic drilling for stable intact OCD lesions of knee were collected. Lesions treated with other techniques (fixation, chondroplasty, OATS), and those with &lt;3 months of follow-up were excluded. Characteristics of the lesions, treatment approach, and post-operative course were recorded. For bilateral surgeries, each knee was considered a separate record. Results: 139 knees in 131 patients were evaluated, of which 102 (73%) were male. The mean age was 12.7years. 108 knees (77%) had an open physis at the time of operation. Patients were managed conservatively for a mean of 6.76 months pre-operatively (SD=6.6). Average follow-up was 14.8 months after the initial surgery (SD=13.25). 53 patients (38%) were obese or overweight at the time of surgery. All patients regained full ROM within 5° of the contralateral knee at a mean 12.9 weeks post-op (SD=3.2), with all but 7 (5 %) returning to activities of daily living at the 3-month visit. No cases of infection, stiffness, arthrofibrosis, or other procedure-related complications were recorded. 6 knees (4.3%) underwent 7 additional surgeries during the follow-up period, all of which were for treatment failure in non-healing lesions (loose body removals, chondroplasty, or repeat drilling). In a multiple logistic regression model, age, gender, status of the physis at the time of surgery, BMI percentile, and OCD size were not predictive of the need for additional surgeries. Discussion: Our findings suggest that arthroscopic drilling for OCDs of the knee is a safe procedure with minimal risk of complications. The majority of patients return to their pre-operative daily activity level with full ROM by 3 months after surgery. Complications, including reoperation, were related to the progression of the OCD, rather than the surgical procedure.
A pilot trial of itraconazole pharmacokinetics in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (2011)

e13565 Background: Preclinical studies show that itraconazole (ITRA) has inhibitory activity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It also decreases angiogenesis with 67.5% reduction in new blood vessel formation in ITRA-treated mice vs. controls. The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ITRA in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and correlate measures of angiogenesis with plasma levels of the drug and its metabolite hydroxyitraconazole. Methods: ITRA was administered orally at 200mg daily to patients with MBC. A cycle consists of 28 days. Plasma levels of ITRA and hydroxyitraconazole were obtained at 2 and 4 weeks for PK. Plasma VEGF-A and TSP-1, serum bFGF and PlGF levels were obtained at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks. Spearman correlations (rs) of angiogenesis factors with plasma levels of ITRA and hydroxyitraconazole were computed. Toxicities, OS, TTP were determined. Results: 14 patients were enrolled, median age 62.5, with 13 being evaluable. 8 were hormone receptor-positive; 1 was HER2-positive. Median follow-up was 13.7 months. Median number of cycles was 2. Frequent AEs were fatigue (30.8%), anorexia (23.1%), insomnia (23.1%). Gr 3/4 toxicity was observed in only 1 patient (fatigue, insomnia, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, hemorrhage, and pain). Median ITRA levels at 2 and 4 weeks were 181 and 202 ng/mL. Median hydroxyitraconazole levels were 331.5 and 337 ng/mL. Median bFGF and PlGF levels decreased with administration of ITRA from baseline to weeks 2 and 4. bFGF displayed high correlations with ITRA and hydroxyitraconazole at weeks 2 and 4 although not statistically significant (rs= -0.54 to -0.70). Plasma TSP-1 increased at weeks 2 and 4. VEGF-A levels increased from baseline to week 2, but decreased with drug administration during weeks 2 to 4. PlGF, TSP-1, VEGF-A did not correlate with drug levels. 1 patient had a PR, 3 SD, and 9 PD. Estimated TTP and OS were 1.8 and 19.3 months respectively. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating PK of ITRA and effects on angiogenesis in MBC. Whilst reductions in pro-angiogenic factors and increases in TSP-1 (angiogenesis inhibitor) were observed with ITRA administration, our pilot study suggests a lack of correlation with drug or metabolite levels.
Flow cytometric analysis of cell killing by the jumper ant venom peptide pilosulin 1 (1998)

Pilosulin 1 is a synthetic 56–amino acid residue polypeptide that corresponds to the largest allergenic polypeptide found in the venom of the jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula. Initial experiments showed that pilosulin 1 lysed erythrocytes and killed proliferating B cells. Herein, we describe how flow cytometry was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of the peptide for human white blood cells. Cells were labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, incubated with the peptide and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), and then analyzed. The effects of varying the peptide concentration, serum concentration, incubation time, and incubation temperature were measured, and the cytotoxicity of pilosulin 1 was compared with that of the bee venom peptide melittin. The antibodies and the 7-AAD enabled the identification of cell subpopulations and dead cells, respectively. It was possible, using the appropriate mix of antibodies and four-color analysis, to monitor the killing of three or more cell subpopulations simultaneously. We found that 1) pilosulin 1 killed cells within minutes, with kinetics similar to those of melittin; 2) pilosulin 1 was a slightly more potent cytotoxic agent than melittin; 3) both pilosulin 1 and melittin were more potent against mononuclear leukocytes than against granulocytes; and 4) serum inhibited killing by either peptide. Cytometry 32:268–273, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.