gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightpath arrangement in survivable rings to minimize the switching cost (2002)

This paper studies the design of low-cost survivable wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) networks. To achieve survivability, lightpaths are arranged as a set of rings. Arrangement in rings is also necessary to support SONET/SDH protection schemes such as 4FBLSR above the optical layer. This is expected to be the most common architecture in regional (metro) networks. We assume that we are given a set of lightpaths in an arbitrary network topology and aim at finding a partition of the lightpaths to rings adding a minimum number of lightpaths to the original set. The cost measure that we consider (number of lightpaths) reflects the switching cost of the entire network. In the case of a SONET/SDH higher layer, the number of lightpaths is equal to the number of add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) (since two subsequent lightpaths in a ring can share an ADM at the common node). We prove some negative results on the tractability and approximability of the problem and provide an approximation algorithm with a worst case approximation ratio of 8/5. We study some special cases in which the performance of the algorithm is improved. A similar problem was introduced, motivated, and studied by Liu, Li, Wan and Frieder (see Proc. INFOCOM 2000, p.1020-1025, 2000) Gerstel, Lin and Sasaki, (see Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '98, p. 94-101, 1998)(where it was termed minimum ADM problem). However, these two works focused on a ring topology while we generalize the problem to an arbitrary network topology.
Late Onset Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Lung Transplant Recipients in the Setting of a Targeted Prophylaxis/Preemptive Antifungal Therapy Strategy (2020)

A targeted prophylaxis/preemptive therapy strategy within the first-year posttransplant resulted in 4% incidence of IPA at 4-years after transplantation. However, IPA was associated with higher mortality.
Large-scale Virtualized Reality (2001)

In this paper, we present our project for realizing Virtualized Reality in a large-scale space such as a soccer stadium, concert hall, etc. . We have developed an extended system of CMU 3D room [3] in an efficient way so that 4D digitization of a large-scale space can practically realized. We place 16 progressive scan cameras around a large space (e.g. 70m 50m with 25m height). The videos from those cameras are digitized into PCs that are connected via Ethernet. A camera calibration technique for a large-scale space that is accurate enough to apply CV-based algorithms is developed. We also present a method to omit the calibration process with an idea of “Projective Grid Space”. The recent results and future works are presented for demonstrating the significance of the project as a CV-based practical application.
Mutual Antagonism of Target of Rapamycin and Calcineurin Signaling (2006)

Growth and stress are generally incompatible states. Stressed cells adapt to an insult by restraining growth, and conversely, growing cells keep stress responses at bay. This is evident in many physiological settings, including for example, the effect of stress on the immune or nervous system, but the underlying signaling mechanisms mediating such mutual antagonism are poorly understood. In eukaryotes, a central activator of cell growth is the protein kinase target of rapamycin (TOR) and its namesake signaling network. Calcineurin is a conserved, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase and target of the immunosuppressant FK506 (tacrolimus) that is activated in yeast during stress to promote cell survival. Here we show yeast mutants defective for TOR complex 2 (TORC2) or the essential homologous TORC2 effectors, SLM1 and SLM2, exhibited constitutive activation of calcineurin-dependent transcription and actin depolarization. Conversely, cells defective in calcineurin exhibited SLM1 hyperphosphorylation and enhanced interaction between TORC2 and SLM1. Furthermore, a mutant SLM1 protein (SLM1(DeltaC14)) lacking a sequence related to the consensus calcineurin docking site (PxIxIT) was insensitive to calcineurin, and SLM1(Delta)(C14) slm2 mutant cells were hypersensitive to oxidative stress. Thus, TORC2-SLM signaling negatively regulates calcineurin, and calcineurin negatively regulates TORC2-SLM. These findings provide a molecular basis for the mutual antagonism of growth and stress.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of BT Pesticides (1998)

Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) の Kurustaki HD-1 株の殺虫性結晶蛋白 (ICPs) に対する抗血清を作製し, BT製剤中のICPsの簡易・迅速検出法の確立を目的として, 3種類の酵素標識抗体法 (ELISA) を比較検討した. アビジン・ビオチン複合体を利用した間接法 (ABC-ELISA) と抗原を直接プレートに吸着させた後に酵素を標識した抗体を反応させるAC-ELISAと二重抗体サンドイツチ法 (DAS-ELISA) の2種類の直接法を供試した. ELISAによる検定では, BT製剤を0.1M NaOHで溶解することで検出感度が高まった. 3種類のELISAの検出感度はAC-ELISA<ABC-ELISA=DAS-ELISAの順で高かった. ABC-ELISAおよびDAS-ELISAでは市販の6種類のBT製剤の検出限界希釈倍数は105～107倍であり, この最大希釈倍数 (107倍) は約4～8ng/mlのICPs濃度であった. また, DAS-ELISAではキャベツ粗汁液による非特異反応や反応阻害等の影響は認められなかったが, 抗原を直接プレートに吸着させるABC-ELISAやAC-ELISAでは強い非特異反応が認められた. 生物検定用にオウトウ果実から抽出した試料をABC-ELISAを用いて分析した結果, ICPsの残留量はコナガを用いた生物検定の結果とほぼ一致した.
Electro-optic and thermo-optic effects in liquid crystals (1983)

Abstract The twisted nematic electro-optic effect has become widely used as a low-voltage, low-power display in watches and calculators; however, it is only one of the many optical effects found in the various liquid crystal phases. Despite this wide variety, certain features of operation are general. Liquid crystals are birefringent, which, together with their ability to align on solid surfaces, allows the construction of thin layers with optical properties reminiscent of single solid crystals. The more common display devices use anisotropic electrical properties to produce electro-optic effects that are seen by using polarized light, scattering, or the absorption of light. Thermooptic effects can be produced by varying the temperature of the liquid crystal in the vicinity of a phase transition, and are used in thermometry, thermography, and display devices.
10A 12V 1 chip DC/DC converter IC using bump technology (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate high frequency and 10A operation of 1 chip DC/DC converter. The chip adopted low impedance metal bump technology and a high speed gate driving technique for large LDMOS, what we call "distributed driver circuit". The fabricated chip achieves the switching time 3ns at load current 10A and high efficiency 88.9% for the input voltage, the output voltage and switching frequency of 12V, 1.3V and 780kHz, respectively.
The cross‐linking of acrylic rubber in the presence of group IIB metal oxides (1994)

Abstract Effects of group IIB metal oxides (viz., ZnO, CdO, and HgO) on ethylene thiourea (ETU) accelerated the curing of acrylic rubber (ACM) have been evaluated with a view to elucidate the cross‐linking mechanism with special reference to the role of metal oxides. Best results are obtained with CdO in the presence of ETU. ZnOCdO or CdOHgO blends provide no synergism in the state and rate of cure. Formation of metal sulfide and chloride during the cross‐linking reaction has been confirmed by XRD and XPS. Examination of FTIR spectra reveals that cross‐linking occurs at the CCl cure site of the acrylic polymer. Based on spectral and chemical analysis, a reaction mechanism has been put forward. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Chord Recognition In Symbolic Music Using Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields. (2017)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Strong influence of the exposure medium on mutagenicity in the Ames test: 7-methylbenz[α]anthracene-5, 6-oxide (1991)

We have previously shown that the activity of the ionized mutagen, 1-hydroxmethylpyrene sulphate, is strongly enhanced in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, when KCl is present in the exposure medium (50-fold at a concentration of 125 mM KCl) and that the halogen ion is responsible for this effect. Here we show that KCl has the opposite effect on the activity of the lipophilic mutagen, 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene-5,6-oxide, (10-fold decrease at a concentration of 125 mM) and that K+ accounts for this influence. Many other solutes also decreased the mutagenicity of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene-5,6-oxide, but to a smaller extent than the K+ salts. The stability of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene-5,6-oxide did not appear to be altered in the presence of KCl (t1/2 approximately 12 min), as determined from mutagenicity experiments in which the test compound was added to the exposure medium at varying times before the bacteria. Furthermore, the influence of the exposure medium was significantly stronger in strain TA98 than in strain TA100. Taken together these findings argue for an influence of the medium on the bacteria rather than on the test compound. Parallel studies with other mutagens indicate that exposure in distilled water enhances the mutagenicity of many compounds. Exposure in distilled water, in combination with some other modifications, led to a 400-fold increase of the assay sensitivity towards 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene-5,6-oxide, as compared to the usual plate incorporation assay.
Light‐Dependent Expression of Pinopsin Gene in Chicken Pineal Gland (1998)

The phase of a circadian clock in the chicken pineal gland is reset by an environmental light signal, which is captured by the pineal photoreceptive molecule(s). Here we show that the mRNA level of pinopsin, a predominant photoreceptive molecule in the pineal gland, undergoes a diurnal fluctuation in chickens maintained on a light/dark cycle. The mRNA levels in the light were approximately six times higher than those in the dark. This fluctuation was not observed in constant darkness, where the mRNA levels remained low. Subsequent light exposure of chickens increased the amount of pinopsin mRNA regardless of the circadian time. Clearly, the expression of pinopsin gene is controlled by a light signal, independent of the circadian clock. In vitro experiments using cultured pineal glands isolated from the visual system also revealed the light-dependent increase in pinopsin mRNA level, indicating that the pineal photoreceptive molecule(s) is responsible for the induction. These results demonstrate the presence of a feedback loop through which the light signal captured by pinopsin stimulates the transcription of its own gene in the chicken pineal gland. In contrast, pinopsin protein remained at an almost constant level in chickens maintained under the same light/dark cycles. The protein level, however, decreased to approximately 50% of the light/dark level under constant darkness and subsequently increased upon exposure to light after the dark period. It is suggested that, under the light/dark cycles, the pinopsin protein level is kept constant by the light-dependent synthesis, which would compensate for a possible degradation of pinopsin in the daytime.
Synthesis of 1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐2,4‐ difluoro‐5‐(2‐halo‐1‐hydroxyethyl)benzenes and related derivatives: “thymine replacement” analogs of deoxythymidine for evaluation as antiviral and anticancer agents (2001)

Abstract A group of unnatural 1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosyl)‐2,4‐difluorobenzenes having a variety of C‐5 substituents, designed as thymidine mimics, were synthesized for evaluation as antiviral and anticancer agents. The regiospecific addition of HOBr (generated from N ‐bromosuccinimide in aqueous dioxane) across the 5‐vinyl substituent ( 4 ) afforded the corresponding 5‐[‐CH(OH)CH 2 Br] product ( 5 ), whereas reaction of 4 with iodine in the presence of iodic acid (HOI) yielded the 5‐[CH(OH)CH 2 I] product ( 6 ). The related 5‐[‐CH(OH)CHX 2 (X = Br, I)] analogs ( 11 , 12 ) were similarly prepared from the ( E )‐5‐(2‐halovinyl) precursors ( 9 , 10 ). Treatment of the 5‐[‐CH(OH)CH 2 X (X = Br, I)] compounds ( 5 , 6 ) with NaOH in aqueous dioxane afforded the 5‐oxiranyl product ( 8 ). The 5‐[‐CH(OMe)CH 2 I] compound ( 7 ) was prepared by reaction of the 5‐vinyl compound (4) with ICl in MeOH (MeOI). This group of compounds ( 5 – 8 , 11 , 12 ) showed similar (marginal) activity against varicella‐zoster virus thymidine kinase positive (VZV/TK + ) and thymidine kinase deficient (VZV/TK – ) infected cells. Thus, the viral TK enzyme did not provide a gene therapeutic effect. This group of compounds, which were evaluated using a wide variety of antiviral assay systems [(herpes simplex virus HSV‐1, HSV‐2), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1, HIV‐2)], showed that these unnatural C‐aryl nucleoside mimics are inactive antiviral agents. Their failure to exhibit antiviral/anticancer activity could be due to the fact that they are not phosphorylated to the 5′‐monophosphate, or that incorporation of the active 5′‐triphosphate into DNA does not produce a cytotoxic effect, and/or that these C‐aryl nucleoside mimics do not act as inhibitors of thymidylate synthase, which may be required to produce a cytotoxic effect. Drug Dev. Res. 52:492–499, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis of Chromosomes 9, 10 and 17 in Gliomas in Families (1995)

Microsatellite markers can be used to detect LOH in archival glioma tissue. As in sporadic gliomas, frequent LOH was observed on 9p (9p21-22), 10 and 17p, supporting the notion that these regions may harbour tumor suppressor genes important in glioma development. Further work will be required to determine whether the proportion of LOH in these chromosomal regions is higher in familial gliomas than sporadic ones, as might occur with an inherited suppressor gene conferring susceptibility to gliomas in families.
Stitch Bonding Strength of Cu Wire on AuAg/Pd/Ni Preplated Cu Leadframes: Influence of AuAg Thickness (2015)

Copper (Cu) wire bonding on the pre-plated leadframes with Ni/Pd/AuAg plating has been applied extensively in the semiconductor industry for the interconnection of integrated-circuit (IC) packaging due to the lower material cost of Cu and its excellent electrical properties. Furthermore, the Cu wire bonding on the preplated leadframe has advantages, such as the tin whisker prevention and the robust package for automotive application. Nevertheless, a stitch bondability of Cu wire-preplated leadframe is facing several challenges, such as the Cu oxidation, the high hardness of Cu wire and the very thin AuAg plating on the leadframes. This paper discusses the effect of AuAg plating thickness in roughened pre-plated leadframe on the stitch bonding of Cu wires with the leadframe. The stitch bonding integrity was assessed using Dage 4000 shear/pull tool at a key wire bond responses of stitch pull at time zero (T 0 ). Results show that the stitch pull strength of the Cu-leadframe stitch bonding increases with the increase thickness of AuAg layer. FESEM images of the stitch bonding between the Cu wires and the pre-plated leadframes of different AuAg plating thickness did not show any defect in microstructures, thus it suggests that the bonding property is determined by diffusion mechanism at the Cu wire/AuAg stitch bonding interface. Finally, a brief discussion is provided on the stitch bondability of high performance Au-flashed palladium-coated copper wires on the pre-plated leadframe with different AuAg thickness.
A cut-cell, agglomerated-multigrid accelerated, Cartesian mesh method for compressible and incompressible flow (2007)

This work details a multigrid-accelerated cut-cell Cartesian mesh methodology for the solution of a single partial differential equation set that describes incompressible as well as compressible flow. The latter includes sub-, trans- and supersonic flows. Cut-cell technology is developed which furnishes body-fitted meshes with an overlapping Cartesian mesh as starting point, and in a manner which is insensitive to surface definition inconsistencies. An edge-based vertex-centred finite volume method is employed for the purpose of spatial discretisation. Further, an alternative dual-mesh construction strategy is developed and the standard discretisation scheme suitably enhanced. Incompressibility is dealt with via a locally preconditioned artificial compressibility algorithm, and stabilisation is in all cases achieved with scalar-valued artificial dissipation. In transonic flows, shocks are captured via pressure switch-activated upwinding. The solution process is accelerated by the use of a full approximation scheme (FAS) multigrid method where coarse meshes are generated automatically via a volume agglomeration methodology. The developed modelling technology is validated by application to the solution of a number of benchmark problems. The standard discretisation as well as the alternative method are found to be equivalent in terms of both accuracy and computational cost. Finally, the multigrid implementation is shown to achieve decreases in CPU time of between a factor two to one order of magnitude. In the context of cut-cell Cartesian meshes, the above work has resulted in the following novel contributions: the development of an alternative vertex-centred discretisation method; the use of volume agglomerated multigrid solution technology and the use of a single equation set for both incompressible and compressible flows.
Modulating LOV Domain Photodynamics with a Residue Alteration outside the Chromophore Binding Site (2011)

Phototropins, a class of light-activated protein kinases, are essential for several blue light responses in plants and algae, including phototropism. These proteins contain two internal light, oxygen, and voltage sensitive (LOV) domains, which bind flavin chromophores and undergo a reversible photochemical formation of a cysteinyl-flavin adduct as part of the light sensing process. While the photodynamic properties of such photosensory domains are dictated by interactions between the chromophore and surrounding protein, more distant residues can play a significant role as well. Here we explore the role of the Phe434 residue in the photosensory response of the second LOV domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1 (AsLOV2), a model photochemical system for these LOV domains. Phe434 is more than 6 Å from the FMN chromophore in AsLOV2; nevertheless, an F434Y point mutation is likely to change several structural features of the chromophore binding site, as we demonstrate using molecular dynamics simulations. Transient absorption signals spanning 15 decades in time were compared for wild-type AsLOV2 and the F434Y mutant, showing that the latter has significantly altered photodynamics, including (i) a faster intersystem crossing leading to triplet formation on a nanosecond time scale, (ii) biphasic formation of adduct-state kinetics on the microsecond time scale, and (iii) greatly accelerated ground-state recovery kinetics on a second time scale. We present mechanistic models that link these spectroscopic differences to changes in the configuration of the critical cysteine residue and in the chromophore's accessibility to solvent and oxygen according to MD trajectories and purging experiments. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of residues outside the chromophore-binding pocket in modulating LOV domain photodynamics.
Advances in Superconducting Single-photon Detectors (2020)

Superconducting single-photon detectors can detect photons from the UV to the infrared with quantum efficiencies above 90% and greater than MHz count rates. They consist of narrow, thin wires of superconductor biased near their critical current. When these wires absorb a photon, part of the wire stops superconducting and becomes resistive. This transition and sudden jump in resistance is what enables the detection of the photon. Over the past two decades, these devices have matured greatly as a technology and have found many applications ranging from quantum optics to astronomy. However, there are still multiple theories of the dominant mechanism behind these devices. Recently proposed theories suggest a more complicated but potentially more powerful detection mechanism, and experiments are only recently starting to demonstrate this effect and its potential applications. In this research, the capability to fabricate these intricate devices was developed. This requires high-quality deposition of the superconductors, precise machining of the devices with electron beam lithography, and accurate etching of the films. Many parts of the process have been characterized. Additionally, two new directions are being explored. The first attempts to exploit the recently proposed detection mechanism to make detectors with much wider wires, leading to faster detection rates. The second is the fabrication of superconducting single-photon detectors directly onto optical fibers, eliminating the need for complicated coupling structures and alignment of the detector with the fiber.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Acylamino‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazinones. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
5Tb/s transmission over 2.2 km of multimode OM2 fiber with direct detection thanks to wavelength and mode group multiplexing (2017)

We demonstrate 5Tb/s bidirectional transmission (2.5Tb/s in each direction) over 2.2km of OM2 fiber using selective excitation of 4 mode groups and WDM multiplexing with DMT modulation and direct detection.
Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data (2006)

As more sensitive data is shared and stored by third-party sites on the Internet, there will be a need to encrypt data stored at these sites. One drawback of encrypting data, is that it can be selectively shared only at a coarse-grained level (i.e., giving another party your private key). We develop a new cryptosystem for fine-grained sharing of encrypted data that we call Key-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (KP-ABE). In our cryptosystem, ciphertexts are labeled with sets of attributes and private keys are associated with access structures that control which ciphertexts a user is able to decrypt. We demonstrate the applicability of our construction to sharing of audit-log information and broadcast encryption. Our construction supports delegation of private keys which subsumesHierarchical Identity-Based Encryption (HIBE).
Quantum dynamics in semiconductors studied via ultrafast optical techniques (2003)

The quasiparticle model is one of the fundamental concepts in many-body physics. It is usually too complicated to regard each isolated ("bare") particle and to take into account its interactions with all the other individual components of the system. More physical insight is gained by introducing new units which are composed of the bare particle plus some average surrounding. Usually, these quasiparticles are assumed to form instantly. However, this picture turns out to be valid only on timescales which are long compared to the oscillation cycle of the collective mode of the system. Very recently, the quantum dynamical phenomena which occur during the formation of interparticle correlations in systems far from thermal equilibrium have become accessible. As a first example, the dynamics of an isolated charge coupled to a highly polar crystal lattice via the Frohlich interaction is discussed. The experimental access employed is femtosecond transmission spectroscopy of interband transitions The second part of the contribution deals with carrier-carrier interactions. The ultrafast buildup of Coulomb screening and collective behavior in an electron-hole plasma of a density of 2 /spl times/ 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ photogenerated in GaAs within 10 fs are demonstrated.