gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random linear network coding for time-division duplexing: Queueing analysis (2009)

We study the performance of random linear network coding for time division duplexing channels with Poisson arrivals. We model the system as a bulk-service queue with variable bulk size. A full characterization for random linear network coding is provided for time division duplexing channels by means of the moment generating function. We present numerical results for the mean number of packets in the queue and consider the effect of the range of allowable bulk sizes. We show that there exists an optimal choice of this range that minimizes the mean number of data packets in the queue.
Intra-arterial infusion of [125l]Aβ 1–40 labels amyloid deposits in the aged primate brain in vivo (1996)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by extracellular amyloid deposits in the brain at both vascular sites (cerebrovascular amyloid, CVA) and within the neuropil (plaques). In the present study we demonstrated that brain amyloid of aged non-human primates is efficiently detected by [125I]A beta in vitro, and assessed the detection of that amyloid in vivo by intravascular infusion of [125I]A beta. Aged squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were anesthetized and infused intra-arterially with [125I]A beta, and sacrificed 2 h later. Analysis of the anterior frontal and temporal cortices by autoradiography demonstrated that [125I]A beta was deposited on CVA and that essentially every amyloid deposit which could be detected with thioflavin S or anti-A beta antibodies was also labeled by [125I]A beta. These experiments suggest that intravascular infusion of radiolabeled A beta can be used to detect and image amyloid deposits in the human AD brain.
Gynecologic and dermatologic electrosurgical units: a comparative review. (1994)

Electrosurgery is a popular surgical technique in which high-frequency, low-voltage electrical energy produced by an electrosurgical unit is used to excise abnormal tissue with hemostasis. In this study, electrosurgical units were critically evaluated for safety, electrical specifications, design, and performance characteristics. Quantitative electrical specification and histologic thermal artifact measurements and qualitative observations were recorded for 13 electrosurgical units representing 11 manufacturers. The Aspen Sabre 180 and Laerscope e10 were considered exemplary units based on safety criteria alone. Cut-mode thermal artifact was less than 10 microns for the Cooper Leep 6000, Laserscope e10, and Utah Finesse. A maximum fulguration distance of greater than 0.5 mm was demonstrated by the Gyne-Tech Autolepe 2000 and 4000, Laserscope e10, and the Elmed ESU 30. For gynecologic electrosurgery, the Aspen Sabre 180 and Laserscope e10 were rated best, followed closely by the Utah Finesse and Finesse II and the Gyne-Tech Autolepe 4000. Dermatologic electrosurgery may be well accomplished with many of the electrosurgical units, except as noted.
Efficacy of a phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) models. (2012)

10030 Background: PI3K signaling is crucial for GIST proliferation and survival. We assessed the efficacy of the PI3K inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ), alone or in combination with imatinib (IM), in GIST xenografts. Methods: Nude mice were grafted bilaterally with human GIST, carrying either KIT exon 9 (GIST-BOE, dose-dependent IM resistant) or exon 11 (GIST-DFR, IM sensitive) mutations. Animals, randomized into four groups (n=8/group) were dosed orally for 2 weeks with either vehicle, IM (50mg/kg/bid), BEZ (10mg/kg/qd), or IM+BEZ. Treatment efficacy was assessed by tumor volume, histopathology and Western immunoblotting. Moreover tumor regrowth was evaluated for 3 weeks after treatment cessation. Results: As a single agent IM and BEZ stabilized tumor growth of both GIST-BOE and DFR. Moderate to significant tumor regression was observed in GIST-BOE under BEZ (by 27%), and IM+BEZ (66%), and also in GIST-DFR under IM (75%) and IM+BEZ (75%). In GIST-BOE significant reduction in mitotic index was observed under BEZ (8.5 fold) and IM+BEZ (8.5 fold) as compared to control. In GIST-DFR mitotic activity was virtually absent under all regimens. Apoptotic activity increased significantly after treatment with IM (5.5 fold) and IM+BEZ (14.0 fold) in GIST-DFR, whereas it was almost unaffected by BEZ as single agent, as well as in all treatment groups in GIST-BOE. By Western, PI3K signaling was incompletely inhibited in all groups in GIST-DFR, and after BEZ in GIST-BOE. Complete inhibition of PI3K signaling was observed only after combination treatment. After treatment cessation long-lasting growth-inhibition was observed in IM+BEZ treated GIST-DFR. Moreover, mitotic index after BEZ and BEZ+IM in GIST-DFR was lower than in control even after treatment withdrawal. Conclusions: BEZ shows significant efficacy in GIST xenografts. Furthermore, combination with IM shows synergistic and long-lasting effects even after treatment withdrawal, which is not the case with drugs routinely used for GIST treatment.
NK cells in the tumor microenvironment and thioredoxin activity (2020)

NK cells are responsible for defense against viral infections and cancer. Although activated NK cells are armed to combat tumors, the tumor microenvironment (TME) contains ROS, which suppress NK cell antitumor activity. In this issue of the JCI, Yang, Neo, and colleagues explored NK cell resistance to oxidative stress in vitro and in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High surface thiol density and elevated expression of the ROS scavenger thioredoxin (Trx1) protected NK cells from ROS. Trx1 and thiol levels were higher in IL-15- than in IL-2-primed NK cells. Tumor-infiltrating Trx1+ NK cells were present in patients with NSCLC with elevated ROS levels in the tumor. Smokers scored higher for the ROS signature, which predicted poor prognosis, compared with nonsmokers. This study explains how activated NK cells survive in the ROS-rich TME and suggests that smokers with lung cancer may benefit from therapies using IL-15-primed NK cells.
Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Neutralizing Antibody Titers (2021)

Mild and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in family clusters elicited higher nAbs among children.
Chemical Synthesis of the Major Constituents ofSalmonella MinnesotaMonophosphoryl Lipid A (1998)

Abstract Structural investigations have shown that lipid A constitutes the active principle of lipopoly saccharide (LPS, endotoxin), a complex amphipathic molecule located on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria.1 Lipid A elicits not only the typical endotoxic reactions such as fever and lethal shock but also adjuvant, antitumor and other beneficial effects.1 As a result, there has been a great deal of interest in the synthesis of lipid A derivatives possessing low toxicity.1,2
Ultra-scaled III–V Quantum-Well Field Effect Transistor for THz and post-Si-CMOS digital applications (2010)

Recently, III-V quantum-well field effect (QWFET) Transistors have emerged as the most potential technology of choice for future Tera-Hz and next generation high-speed, lowvoltage logic applications beyond Si-CMOS technology. In fact, the excellent RF-performance has been demonstrated using InAlAs/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As HEMTs on InP substrate. This paper presents the fabrication of the nano-scale high performance In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As-channel QWFETs and the evaluation of QWFETs for RF and low-power logic applications. Superior drain-source current density of 1015 mA/mm was achieved with an extremely high transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of 1900 mS/mm when the drain voltage (VDs) was biased at 0.5 V, it indicated that the In-rich In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As-channel QWFETs can be biased at a low supply voltage to reduce overall dc power consumption, while maintaining relatively high current density and g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> . For the logic characteristics, a low calculated gate delay of 0.54 psec was also achieved at 0.5 V drain bias due to the superior transport properties of the InAs channel. The drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and subthreshold slope (SS) were calculated to be 200 mV/V and 115 mV/dec, respectively.
Test for the statistical significance of differences between ROC curves. [For analysis of nuclear medical diagnostic data] (1979)

A test for the statistical significance of observed differences between two measured Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves has been designed and evaluated. The set of observer response data for each ROC curve is assumed to be independent and to arise from a ROC curve having a form which, in the absence of statistical fluctuations in the response data, graphs as a straight line on double normal-deviate axes. To test the significance of an apparent difference between two measured ROC curves, maximum likelihood estimates of the two parameters of each curve and the associated parameter variances and covariance are calculated from the corresponding set of observer response data. An approximate Chi-square statistic with two degrees of freedom is then constructed from the differences between the parameters estimated for each ROC curve and from the variances and covariances of these estimates. This statistic is known to be truly Chi-square distributed only in the limit of large numbers of trials in the observer performance experiments. Performance of the statistic for data arising from a limited number of experimental trials was evaluated. Independent sets of rating scale data arising from the same underlying ROC curve were paired, and the fraction of differences found (falsely)more » significant was compared to the significance level, ..cap alpha.., used with the test. Although test performance was found to be somewhat dependent on both the number of trials in the data and the position of the underlying ROC curve in the ROC space, the results for various significance levels showed the test to be reliable under practical experimental conditions.« less
Two Models of Inspiration?: The Challenge of the Old Testament Narratives (2017)

"...it is not that the “two-model” view is wrong in seeking to show that inspiration was not always functioning in the same way in the biblical authors. It is simply that it is inadequate: the research model cannot be applied wholesale to the non-prophetic books, even to narratives alone. Short of declaring many of the OT narratives to be fiction, it therefore seems necessary to posit that certain of them, or sections of them, were supernaturally revealed to the authors. The prophetic model, in other words, is far more widespread a phenomenon of Scripture than the “two-model” view would suggest. More than that, it may not be improper to understand that most, if not all, of the biblical writers can be understood to have exercised the prophetic gift."
The Fine Art of Scratching (1964)

As PHYSICIANS grow older their contributions to scientific programs tend to become less scientific and more philosophical. Perhaps the paper you are about to hear fits into this category; yet it is my hope that it will stimulate a reappraisal of a familiar method of controlling a common complaint —namely, scratching to relieve itching, which is as old as history. Three carved figures of the pre-Columbian era in Mexico show skin lesions and the positions of the bodies with the hands on the skin lesions indicate itching and scratching.<sup>1</sup>Socrates, as reported in the<i>Dialogues of Plato</i>, refers on a number of occasions to the problem of itching and scratching with accompanying mixed sensations of pleasure and pain.<sup>2</sup> The pompous pose of Napoleon Bonaparte, with the fingers of his right hand inserted within his waistcoat and his left hand behind his back, is believed by some to have
Automated Pipeline for Photovoltaic Module Electroluminescence Image Processing and Degradation Feature Classification (2019)

An automated data analysis pipeline is developed to preprocess electroluminescence (EL) module images, and parse the images into individual cells to be used as an input for machine learning algorithms. The dataset used in the study includes EL images of three 60 cell modules from each of five commercial brands at six steps of damp heat exposure, from 500 to 3000 h. Preprocessing of the original raw EL images includes lens distortion correction, filtering, thresholding, convex hull, regression fitting, and perspective transformation to produce planar indexed module and single cell images. Parsing of PV cells from each of the preprocessed 90 EL module images gives us 5400 cell images, which are function of module brand and damp heat exposure step. From the dataset, two unique degradation categories (“cracked” and “corroded”) were observed, while cells that did not degrade were classified as “good.” For supervised machine learning modeling, cell images were sorted into these three classes yielding 3550 images. A training and testing framework with 80:20 sampling ratio was generated using stratified sampling. Three machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, Random Forest, and convolutional neural network) were trained and tuned independently on the training set and then given the test set to predict the scores for each of the three models. Five-fold cross validation was done on training set to tune hyper-parameters of the models. Model prediction scores showed that convolutional neural network outperforms support vector machine and Random Forest for supervised PV cell classification.
Controlled transition bridge multilevel converter (2016)

This paper presents a controlled transition bridge (CTB) converter that uses a non-trapezoidal amplitude modulation in attempt to reduce filtering requirement in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. To achieved variable output ac voltage (modulation index control) over wide range, as expected during a black-start, cell capacitor voltage balancing of the CTB converter is decoupled from the modulation index and power factor by injecting a 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic component into the modulating signal of each phase. This 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic extends the region around voltage zeros, where the cell capacitor voltages can be balanced, by ensuring that each limb is alternatively clamped to the positive and negative dc rails, every fundamental period to allow recharge of the cell capacitors from the dc link. The effective of the presented non-trapezoidal modulation method for operation of the CTB converter over full modulation and power factor range is confirmed by simulation, including its scalability to high applications.
Adaptation of the gut holobiont to malnutrition during mouse pregnancy depends on the type of nutritional adversity (2021)

Abstract Malnutrition can influence maternal physiology and programme offspring development. Yet, in pregnancy, little is known about how dietary challenges that influence maternal phenotype affect gut structure and function. Emerging evidence suggests that interactions between the environment, multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters and microbes may influence maternal adaptation to pregnancy and regulate fetoplacental development. We hypothesised that the gut holobiont (host and microbes) during pregnancy adapts differently to suboptimal maternal diets, evidenced by changes in the gut microenvironment, morphology, and expression of key protective MDR transporters during pregnancy. Mice were fed a control diet (CON) during pregnancy, or undernourished (UN) by 30% of control intake from gestational day (GD)5.5-18.5, or fed 60% high fat diet (HF) for eight weeks before and during pregnancy. At GD18.5, maternal small intestinal (SI) architecture (H&amp;E), proliferation (Ki67), P-glycoprotein (P-gp - encoded by Abcb1a/b ) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ Abcg2 ) MDR transporter expression and levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were assessed. Circulating inflammatory biomarkers and maternal caecal microbiome composition (G3 PhyloChipTM) were measured. MDR transporter expression was also assessed in fetal gut. HF diet increased maternal SI crypt depth and proinflammatory load, and decreased SI expression of Abcb1a mRNA, whilst UN increased SI villi proliferation and Abcb1a , but decreased Abcg2 , mRNA expression. There were significant associations between Abcb1a and Abcg2 mRNA levels with relative abundance of specific microbial taxa. Using a systems physiology approach we report that common nutritional adversities provoke adaptations in the pregnancy holobiont in mice, and reveal new mechanisms that could influence reproductive outcomes and fetal development.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDY OF OXYGEN ADSORPTION ON THORIUM OXIDE (1976)

Abstract Bei niedrigen O 2 ‐Drücken wird während der O 2 ‐Adsorption an ThOz‐Oberflächen in Gegenwart von adsorbiertem CO oder H 2 die Spezies O; gebildet.
Femtosecond laser structuring of permeable and resorbable biomaterial (2021)

Abstract Bioresorbable nanofiber nonwovens with their fascinating properties provide a wide range of potential biomedical applications. Modification of the material enables the adjustment of mechanical and biological characteristics depending on the desired application. Due to the nanosized fiber network, post-production structuring is very challenging. Within this study, we use femtosecond laser technology for structuring permeable and resorbable electrospun poly-L-lactide (PLLA) membranes. We show that this post-production process can be used without disturbing the fiber network near the structured areas. Furthermore, the modification of the water permeability and mechanical characteristics due to the laser structuring was investigated. The results prove femtosecond laser technology to be a promising method for the adjustment of the membrane properties and which in consequence can help to optimize cell adhesion, enable revascularization and open up applications of nanofiber membranes in personalized medicine.
Risedronate was effective and well tolerated in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (2000)

Source Citation Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, et al., for the Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Oct 13;282:1344-52. 10527181
Additional sign bit hiding of transform coefficients in HEVC (2013)

Transform coefficients take up a significant portion of the transmitted bitstream generated by video codec. For every non-zero coefficient, the sign information is sent separately from the amplitude. According to the statistical patterns, the signs of the transform coefficients are rarely predictable, thus bypass mode is usually used in the following CABAC engine to encode the sign information. In H.265/HEVC, a novel multiple sign bits hiding (MSBH) technique is adopted to hide one sign for each selected CG. In this paper, we propose to further perform one additional sign bit hiding (ASBH) for the selected TBs while the MSBH can coexist. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed ASBH, we implemented it on the state-of-the-art HM9.0 test model of H.265/HEVC. Experimental results show that the proposed ASBH always outperforms the anchor for all tested sequences with very trivial complexity added at the decoder side.
A 13GHz Low Power Multi-Modulus Divider Implemented in 0.13&#956;m SiGe Technology (2009)

This paper presents a generic architecture for programmable multi-modulus dividers (MMD) for low- power and high-speed frequency synthesis applications. The proposed architecture uses cascaded divide by 2/3 cells in a ripple fashion with the last cell constructed using a P/P+1 dual modulus prescaler. Using a P/P+1 divider instead of a conventional 2/3 cell saves power and die area. The P/P+1 division ratio can be used to adjust MMD's minimum division ratio and the required division range. This approach provides an optimized architecture with minimum current consumption, the smallest area and minimum number of control bits for designing MMDs with a unit step increment. An MMD prototype was implemented in a 0.13 mum SiGe technology and occupies a core area of .88 times .10 mm2. The 13GHz MMD RFIC contains four 2/3 cells followed by an 8/9 cell. It can be programmed from 128 to 159 and consumes 11 mA under a 2.2V power supply, which corresponds to 59.2% power reduction compared to the prior art MMD implementations.
Sn-centred icosahedral Rh carbonyl clusters: synthesis and structural characterization and 13C–{103Rh} HMQC NMR studies (2007)

The reaction of [Rh7(CO)16]3- with SnCl(2).2H2O in a 1 : 1 molar ratio under N2 results in the formation of the new heterometallic cluster, [Rh12Sn(CO)27]4-, in very high yield (ca. 86%). Further controlled additions of SnCl(2).2H2O, or solutions of HCl, or [RhCl(COD)]2, give [Rh12(mu-Cl)2Sn(CO)23]4-. Similarly, addition of HBr to [Rh12Sn(CO)27]4- gives the related cluster [Rh12(mu-Br)2Sn(CO)23]4-. Notably, if the addition of SnCl(2).2H2O to [Rh12Sn(CO)27]4- is carried out under a CO atmosphere, the reaction takes a different course and leads to the formation of the new cluster, [Rh12Sn(mu3-RhCl)(CO)27]4-. All the above clusters have been shown by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies to have a metal framework based on an icosahedron, which is centred by the unique Sn atom. Their chemical reactivity and 13C-{103Rh} HMQC NMR spectroscopic characterization are also reported.
Efficient integration and aggregation of historical information (2002)

Data warehouses support the analysis of historical data. This often involves aggregation over a period of time. Furthermore, data is typically incorporated in the warehouse in the increasing order of a time attribute, e.g., date of sale or time of a temperature measurement. In this paper we propose a framework to take advantage of this append only nature of updates due to a time attribute. The framework allows us to integrate large amounts of new data into the warehouse and generate historical summaries efficiently. Query and update costs are virtually independent from the extent of the data set in the time dimension, making our framework an attractive aggregation approach for append-only data streams. A specific instantiation of the general approach is developed for MOLAP data cubes, involving a new data structure for append-only arrays with pre-aggregated values. Our framework is applicable to point data and data with extent, e.g., hyper-rectangles.