gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Surface Desander to Bring Back Subsea Production. How to Overcome Reservoir, Well and Facilities Challenges (2022)

Abstract A subsea well in Deepwater field in Malaysia observed high sand production during the first half of 2019, this well had been on production for around 7 years. Further evaluation during the second half of 2019 determined that the downhole sand control had been compromised and the well would require intervention to bring back its locked in potential. Technical and Economical evaluations were conducted to determine the most feasible well restoration activity. This paper covers the aspects from technology selection to operation challenges and identified solutions. Riserless well intervention was initially identified to restore production from this well and compared with other alternatives. After technical and economical evaluations, the use of a surface desander was identified as the best solution to unlock production from this well while a more permanent solution was evaluated. A surface desander was installed upstream of first stage separation. Well and facilities operating envelopes were updated to determine the operating window for the well as per last observed conditions before the well was shut in. However, once the well was back online a much higher than anticipated watercut was observed and different solutions, in term of surface settings, were tested to determine a new operation window. The use of surface desander to handle subsea sand control failure requires a steady flow against a significant choke to the flowline at the end of the riser. Changes in reservoir watercut provided a significant challenge to flow the well at steady conditions and limited the efficacy of surface desander. Flow assurance is a key parameter to avoid sand deposition along the subsea flowline to the platform. Use of a neighbor well proved to allow continuous steady production and a new logic was designed to maximize production from both wells while keeping sand from reaching the production facilities.
Ballistocardiogram classification using a novel transform so-called alimap and biorthogonal wavelets (2006)

This paper presents a new kind of mapping so-called AliMap for signal processing. This map tries to eliminate redundant information without losing relevant information incorporated in spatial, time, and frequency domains. i.e., this map is able to extract most important information and quantify thorn using scalar values, mapping from a high dimensional space to one scalar value. It has three factors to decide which information of input data is most important. This transform can be used for automatic pattern classification. In this study, we applied Haar wavelet transform to extract essential features of the ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal and AliMap to classify the BCC. Initial tests with BCG from 18 subjects (both healthy and unhealthy people) indicate that the method can classify the subjects into three classes with a high accuracy, compared with the well-known method called Starr classification of BCG. The method is insensitive to latency and non-linear disturbance. Moreover, the applied wavelet transform requires no prior knowledge of the statistical distribution of data samples.
Diffusion Maps meet Nyström (2018)

Diffusion maps are an emerging data-driven technique for non-linear dimensionality reduction, which are especially useful for the analysis of coherent structures and nonlinear embeddings of dynamical systems. However, the computational complexity of the diffusion maps algorithm scales with the number of observations. Thus, long time-series data presents a significant challenge for fast and efficient embedding. We propose integrating the Nyström method with diffusion maps in order to ease the computational demand. We achieve a speedup of roughly two to four times when approximating the dominant diffusion map components.
Alcohol Binge-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction Involves Endocannabinoid–CB1-R Signaling (2019)

Excessive binge alcohol drinking may adversely affect cardiovascular function. In this study we characterize the detailed hemodynamic effects of an acute alcohol binge in mice using multiple approaches and investigate the role of the endocannabinoid-cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1-R) signaling in these effects. Acute alcohol binge was associated with elevated levels of cardiac endocannabinoid anandamide and profound cardiovascular dysfunction lasting for several hours and redistribution of circulation. These changes were attenuated by CB1-R antagonist or in CB1-R knockout mice. Our results suggest that a single alcohol binge has profound effects on the cardiovascular system, which involve endocannabinoid-CB1-R signaling.
Unravelling the structure of glycosyl cations via cold-ion infrared spectroscopy (2018)

Glycosyl cations are the key intermediates during the glycosylation reaction that covalently links building blocks during the synthetic assembly of carbohydrates. The exact structure of these ions remained elusive due to their transient and short-lived nature. Structural insights into the intermediate would improve our understanding of the reaction mechanism of glycosidic bond formation. Here, we report an in-depth structural analysis of glycosyl cations using a combination of cold-ion infrared spectroscopy and first-principles theory. Participating C2 protective groups form indeed a covalent bond with the anomeric carbon that leads to C1-bridged acetoxonium-type structures. The resulting bicyclic structure strongly distorts the ring, which leads to a unique conformation for each individual monosaccharide. This gain in mechanistic understanding fundamentally impacts glycosynthesis and will allow to tailor building blocks and reaction conditions in the future.
Comparison of Mie theory and the light scattering of red blood cells (1988)

Two important optical properties of red blood cells (RBCs), their microscopic scattering cross sections sigma(s), and the mean cosine of their scattering angles micro, contribute to the optical behavior of whole blood. Therefore, the ability of Mie theory to predict values of sigma(s) and was tested by experiment. In addition, the effect of red blood cell size on sigma(s) and micro was investigated in two ways: (1) by studying erythrocytes from the dog, goat, and human, three species known to have different RBC sizes and (2) by allowing the RBCs from each species to shrink or swell osmotically. Values of sigma(s) obtained by measuring the collimated transmittance of dilute RBC suspensions illuminated with a He-Ne laser agreed with those predicted by Mie theory. Moreover, measured as values were directly proportional to RBC volume. By contrast, values of from Mie theory were consistently greater than those obtained experimentally by making angular scattering measurements in a goniometer. Thus Mie theory appears to yield adequate values for the RBC's microscopic scattering cross section, but by treating the RBC as a sphere with an equal volume, Mie theory fails to take the RBC's anisotropy into account and thus yields spuriously high values for micro.
Optimal linear attitude estimators via geometric analysis (2011)

Three optimal linear attitude estimators are proposed for single-point real-time estimation of spacecraft attitude using a geometric approach. The final optimal attitude is represented by modified Rodrigues parameters (MRPs). After introducing incidental right-hand orthogonal coordinates for each pair of measured values, three error vectors are obtained by the use of dot or/and cross products. Corresponding optimality criteria are rigorously quadratic and unconstrained, which do not coincide with Wahba’s constrained criterion. The singularity, which occurs when the principal angle is close to π, can be easily avoided by one proper rotation. Numerical simulations show that the proposed three optimal linear estimators can provide a precision comparable with those complying with the Wahba optimality definition, and have faster computational speed than the famous quaternion estimator (QUEST).
Kinetics of Retrovirus Mediated Gene Transfer: The Importance of Intracellular Half-Life of Retroviruses (1996)

Gene therapy is a new therapeutic modality that holds vast potential for the treatment of genetic disorders. Retroviruses are used as a vehicle for the transfer of genes into mammalian cells. The process of gene transfer has been shown to depend on the cell cycle status of target cells. We constructed a mathematical model that integrates the kinetics of gene transfer with cell cycle kinetics. We define three cell populations: uninfected cells, cells with the virus in their cytoplasm, but not integrated, and infected cells, in which the viral DNA has integrated in their genome. Our model predicts that the stability of the viral particles after internalization in the cellular cytoplasm, limits the process of gene transfer. Intracellular viral half-life also limits the usefulness of synchronization experiments, used to detect cell cycle dependence of the gene transfer process. We use the predictions of our model to propose a new experimental method for the detection of cell cycle dependence of retrovirus mediated gene transfer. It is based on the maturity distributions of the infected cells, and it is independent of viral intracellular stability. Despite the importance of the viral intracellular half-life this quantity still remains unknown. An extended version of the model is used to simulate a novel experimental method that measures the intracellular retroviral half-life. Analytical solutions of a simplified model confirm our numerical results and reveal the key dimensionless groups that characterize the process of gene transfer. Knowledge of the intracellular half-life of retroviral vectors is of particular importance for the design of new vectors, especially for slowly growing target cells, such as the stem cells of the hematopoietic system.
Wavelength-Addressable Multi-Bit Optical Memory Based on a Large-Scale Array of Photonic Crystal Nanocavities (2013)

Multi-bit optical memories based on a monolithic 128-channel array of photonic crystal nanocavities on a Si chip and a 32-channel array of nanocavities with a built-in buried heterostructure on an InP chip are demonstrated.
Toward a Reference Sequence of the Soybean Genome: A Multiagency Effort (2006)

The face of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genetics is set to change with the imminent genome sequence delivered by a triagency group [National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Department of Energy (USDOE), and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)]. The approaches and alacrity with which scientists will be able to solve biological questions and advance breeding lines will be dramatically enhanced. Questions remain though. How and in what form will the genome be sequenced? How will the genome sequence be linked to genetic and physical maps and how will all this information be accessible for biologists and breeders? In this article, we show how the genome is being sequenced and how various groups and agencies are working together to ensure that the sequence is immediately available and of use to soybean researchers.
The Large‐Scale Digital Cell Analysis System: an open system for nonperturbing live cell imaging (2007)

The Large-Scale Digital Cell Analysis System (LSDCAS) was designed to provide a highly extensible open source live cell imaging system. Analysis of cell growth data has demonstrated a lack of perturbation in cells imaged using LSDCAS, through reference to cell growth data from cells growing in CO(2) incubators. LSDCAS consists of data acquisition, data management and data analysis software, and is currently a Core research facility at the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Iowa. Using LSDCAS analysis software, this report and others show that although phase-contrast imaging has no apparent effect on cell growth kinetics and viability, fluorescent image acquisition in the cell lines tested caused a measurable level of growth perturbation using LSDCAS. This report describes the current design of the system, reasons for the implemented design, and details its basic functionality. The LSDCAS software runs on the GNU/Linux operating system, and provides easy to use, graphical programs for data acquisition and quantitative analysis of cells imaged with phase-contrast or fluorescence microscopy (alone or in combination), and complete source code is freely available under the terms of the GNU Public Software License at the project website (http://lsdcas.engineering.uiowa.edu).
Nanoparticles and nanoballoons of amorphous boron coated with crystalline boron nitride (2001)

Solid- and hollow-cored nanoparticles of amorphous boron coated with crystalline boron nitride (BN) have been synthesized by pulsed-laser vaporization of BN, where the laser plume was controlled with a modulated plasma jet. The hollow particles (nanoballoons) were coated with BN both on the interior and exterior surfaces. The solid particles ranged from a few to 40 nm in their size. The typical diameter of the hollow particles and their wall thickness were about 200 and 30 nm, respectively. The nanoballoons were obtained only when the plasma modulation was synchronized with the ArF excimer-laser pulses.
The impact of eligibility for maintenance immunotherapy on prognosis in patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (2021)

We observed 38% of the trial eligible population. Overall survival was significantly different between the trial eligible and ineligible groups.
Photoluminescent Molecules and Materials as Diagnostic Reporters in Lateral Flow Assays (2021)

The lateral flow assay (LFA) is a point-of-care diagnostic test commonly available in an over-the-counter format because of its simplicity, speed, low cost, and portability. The reporter particles in these assays are among their most significant components because they perform the diagnostic readout and dictate the test's sensitivity. Today, gold nanoparticles are frequently used as reporters, but recent work focusing on photoluminescent-based reporter technologies has pushed LFAs to better performance. These efforts have focused specifically on reporters made of organic fluorophores, quantum dots, lanthanide chelates, persistent luminescent phosphors, and upconversion phosphors. In most cases, photoluminescent reporters show enhanced sensitivity compared to conventional gold nanoparticle-based assays. Here, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of these different reporters and highlight their potential benefits in LFAs. Our assessment shows that photoluminescent-based LFAs can not only reach lower detection limits than LFAs with traditional reporters, but they also can be capable of quantitative and multiplex analyte detection. As a result, the photoluminescent reporters make LFAs well-suited for medical diagnostics, the food and agricultural industry, and environmental testing.
A Balancing Act (1999)

A 50-year-old man with alcoholism was brought to the emergency department by his wife because of altered mental status. According to her, the patient had been drinking his usual case of beer (approximately 9 liters) each night until 36 hours earlier, when he reported a frontal headache, which gradually increased in intensity and spread to the occipital area. A day later, the patient felt feverish and took aspirin at bedtime. On the morning of admission, he was difficult to arouse and, on awakening, was combative and confused. The patient's wife denied knowledge of recent head trauma, upper respiratory tract . . .
THz computed tomography system with zero-order Bessel beam (2018)

Terahertz (THz) waves can penetrate many optically opaque dielectric materials such as plastics, ceramics and colorants. It is effective to reveal the internal structures of these materials. We have built a THz Computed Tomography (CT) system with 0.3 THz zero-order Bessel beam to improve the depth of focus of this imaging system for the non-diffraction property of Bessel beam. The THz CT system has been used to detect a paper cup with a metal rod inside. Finally, the acquired projection data have been processed by the filtered back-projection algorithm and the reconstructed image of the sample has been obtained.
Growth of GaN LED Structure on Si Substrate by MBE and Monolithic Fabrication of GaN LED Cooling System (2010)

Abstract GaN‐based light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a GaN/Si substrate prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Blue light emission was obtained at the peak wavelength of 410 nm. An integration of GaN LEDs and a cooling system is proposed. GaN membrane structure with Si microchannels was fabricated from the GaN/Si substrate. A preliminary experiment for the proposed device was carried out. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectra of ammonia molecules and clusters (1997)

The first femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy experiment for neutral clusters is reported. The Ã state of ammonia molecules and clusters is excited with 120 fs pulses at 200 nm and probed by ionisation at 267 or 400 nm. Ions and electrons are detected in coincidence. The high repetition rate of the fs laser allows one to reduce the coincidence rate per laser pulse to less than 0.05 per pulse so that photoelectrons and photoions can be correlated unambiguously. The energy flow in the excited neutral cluster states is followed in real time, and the energy content in the ionic clusters can be related to the fragmentation patterns.
Methodology Development for Passive Component Reliability Modeling in a Multi-Physics Simulation Environment (2015)

Reduction in safety margin can be expected as passive structures and components undergo degradation with time. Limitations in the traditional probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology constrain its value as an effective tool to address the impact of aging effects on risk and for quantifying the impact of aging management strategies in maintaining safety margins. A methodology has been developed to address multiple aging mechanisms involving large numbers of components (with possibly statistically dependent failures) within the PRA framework in a computationally feasible manner when the sequencing of events is conditioned on the physical conditions predicted in a simulation environment, such as the New Generation System Code (NGSC) concept. Both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties can be accounted for within the same phenomenological framework and maintenance can be accounted for in a coherent fashion. The framework accommodates the prospective impacts of various intervention strategies such as testing, maintenance, and refurbishment. The methodology is illustrated with several examples.
Subcutaneous narcotic infusions for cancer pain: treatment outcome and guidelines for use. (1992)

Continuous subcutaneous infusion of opioid drugs with the use of a portable programmable pump is safe and effective in selected patients who have failed to respond to standard medical treatment of their cancer pain. Dose titration may require rapid dose escalation, but this is usually well tolerated. For most communities embarking on such a program a programmable infusion system will be more cost-effective than a disposable system.
Influence of Preprocessing and Segmentation on the Complexity of the Learning Machines in Medical Imaging (2021)

Medical applications of learning machines offer a challenge for both medical doctors and mathematicians/engineers. The main question arises when you decide to teach the model the same way a human being understands slight similarities and differences or improve the human (medical) capabilities for interpretation. Mathematically speaking, this translates on the artifact removal, preprocessing and contrast for the spatial frequencies on the images and their relationship with the complexity of the learning machine looking for the generalization and robustness of the solution for proper artificial intelligence based decision making.
This paper addresses these challenges and provides insights on their solution in real life scenario. Particularly, we offer a discussion on the knowledge database built from medical expertise and take care of the mathematical boundaries to be satisfied by the models. Also, we consider during our approach several restrictions from the authorities for the medical tool deployment using them as part of the indexes of performance.
An end-to-end congestion control mechanism for Internet video (1999)

Recent interest in supporting packetized video applications over the Internet have been fueled by the availability of low-cost video of tolerable quality. However, efficient transmission of video over the Internet is still a challenging problem due to the best-effort service nature of the Internet Protocol (IP). An efficient receiver-based congestion control mechanism (RCCM), specifically suitable for real-time packet video transmission over the Internet, is investigated in this research. In our design, an end system adjusts the sending rate, depending on the perceived network status, to satisfy the bandwidth and packet loss requirements while exhibiting a TCP-friendly behavior.
Uterine Myxoid Tumor: A Case Report on a Mysterious and Unexpected Diagnosis (2023)

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are soft-tissue tumors that are rarely malignant. They can occur throughout the body but are rarely seen in the female genital tract. To our knowledge, the literature reports only a few cases of uterine IMTs. This article describes a 60-year-old female with a uterine IMT presumed to be a fibroid. The correct diagnosis was made based on a combination of gross appearance, microscopic findings from multiple hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor slides, and immunohistochemical staining. We also provide a literature review and compare our findings to other reported cases.
Secondary In Vitro Generation of Cytolytic T-Lymphocytes (CTL's) in the Murine Sarcoma Virus System. Virus-Specific CTL Induction Across the H-2 Barrier<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1978)

Following in vitro stimulation of murine sarcoma virus Moloney isolate (M-MuSV)-immune spleen cells with syngeneic antigenically related Moloney leukemia cells, highly efficient cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL's) were generated. The cytotoxic effect was directed only against H-2-compatible target cells bearing M-MuSV tumor-associated antigens (TAA). However, in a cold target competition assay a weak but detectable capacity to block CTL activity was also obtained when allogeneic Moloney leukemia cells were added. Moreover, when M-MuSV-immune spleen cells from mice inoculated with virus 14 days previously were stimulated by allogeneic Moloney leukemia cells, a strong cytotoxic effect toward syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells bearing M-MuSV TAA was elicited.
Three phase current iteration power flow method using fortescue transformations (2012)

Analysis of power systems is normally executed using either phase coordinates or symmetrical components. In most cases, the decision on the selection is based on the type of the network and its loading. Most of the approaches use symmetrical components only in cases of a balanced network with a balanced loading for the calculation of the electrical power flow. In all other cases, phase coordinates are typically used. This paper derives a new approach for the description of a network which is based on Fortescue's transformation, which is the general description of polyphase-systems. This approach generalizes the use of symmetrical components for network applications in power systems with one phase-, two phase- and three phase-components.