gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperprolactinemia: A Possible Cause of Sexual Impotence in Male Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis (1980)

Hyperprolactinemia is known to cause impotence in patients with normal renal function and elevated serum prolactin levels (SPLs) have also been reported in uremia. This study was undertaken to examine a possible role of elevated SPLs in the impotence of male patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD). SPLs in 16 male patients undergoing CHD were evaluated using a homologous double-antibody radioimmunoassay with prolactin isohormones isolated from human amniotic fluid. Patients were divided in 2 groups: 6 patients were sexually impotent and 10 sexually potent. Patients with emotional disturbances or marital conflicts known to cause impotence were excluded from the study. The SPLs of the impotent patients were found to be significantly elevated in comparison to the levels of the potent patients (136.7 +/- 28.2 vs. 37.3 +/- 2.7 ng/ml, p less than 0.001). Furthermore, in 2 patients who were successfully treated with bromocriptine to suppress hyperprolactinemia, recovery of sexual potency was noted. Thus, sexual impotence in male CHD patients seems to be associated with marked hyperprolactinemia. It is suggested that elevated SPLs may be an important cause of impotence among CHD patients.
Flame Acceleration in Hydrogen/Air Mixtures with Concentration Gradients (2014)

A current knowledge gap in hydrogen safety research concerns the influence of mixture non-uniformity on explosion processes. Spacial mixture composition gradients are likely to form in real-world accident scenarios. In this work, the influence of such gradients on flame acceleration is experimentally investigated in an entirely closed channel at laboratory scale. Experiments show that concentration gradients can lead to significantly stronger flame acceleration compared to homogeneous mixtures. Optical measurements reveal that flame shapes differ between homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures in the unobstructed channel configuration. An enlargement of flame surface area in inhomogeneous mixtures leads to a higher integral reaction rate, which in turn supports flame acceleration. In obstructed channel configurations, however, mixture properties dominate flame propagation. An analytical model based on the integral balancing of mixture properties is proposed and validated by means of experimental data.
Characterisation of a highly pathogenic influenza A virus of subtype H5N2 isolated from ostriches in South Africa in 2004 (2009)

HI tests appeared to be the more sensitive test compared to AGID when testing for antibodies to avian influenza in sera. An ostrich-derived virus with a virulent HA0 cleavage site was not initially virulent in chickens but after passage in the latter the virulence increased. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the link between AI viruses carried by wild ducks and those infecting ostriches.
Controlling timing and location in vaccines (2020)

Vaccines are one of the most powerful technologies supporting public health. The adaptive immune response induced by immunization arises following appropriate activation and differentiation of T and B cells in lymph nodes. Among many parameters impacting the resulting immune response, the presence of antigen and inflammatory cues for an appropriate temporal duration within the lymph nodes, and further within appropriate subcompartments of the lymph nodes- the right timing and location- play a critical role in shaping cellular and humoral immunity. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how vaccine kinetics and biodistribution impact adaptive immunity, and the underlying immunological mechanisms that govern these responses. We discuss emerging approaches to engineer these properties for future vaccines, with a focus on subunit vaccines.
X-Y-autosome translocation, chromosome compaction, NOR expression and heterochromatin insulation in the Scarabaeid beetle <i>Dynastes hercules hercules</i> (2007)

The karyotype of the giant beetle Dynastes hercules hercules is composed of only 16 autosomes and large sex chromosomes. Meiotic studies in the males showed that a large part of the sex chromosomes undergo synapsis at pachynema similarly to autosomes, demonstrating that both derived from an autosome-gonosome translocation. Therefore, karyotype formula is 18,neoXY. The heterochromatisation of the neoX short arm at pachynema indicates that it corresponds to the ancestral X. It carries the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) in its proximal part, which is undercondensed, especially in male mitotic and meiotic cells. In female mitotic cells, both NOR staining and undercondensation were more difficult to observe in the neoX short arms. In somatic interphase nuclei, NOR expression strongly varies with the sex. Two separated compact groups of silver dots were observed in female nuclei, while a single dispersed and large group of silver deposit exists in the males. Both the lower condensation and the higher NOR expression of the single neoX of the males, compared to each of the two neoXs of the females, is interpreted to be a consequence of dosage compensation, a mechanism not yet described in Coleoptera. In mammals as well as in Coleoptera, the carriers of gonosome-autosome translocations not exhibiting deleterious phenotypes show constitutive heterochromatin at the autosome-gonosome junction. Thus, heterochromatin may play an important universal role by clearly separating chromosome segments with different regulations of gene expression, such as inactivation or dosage compensation of the X chromosome on the one side and a conventional autosomal structure on the other side.
Dispersion Behavior of Spindle- Type Iron Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents (2008)

Dispersion behavior of spindle-type iron nanoparticles with thin oxide surface layer was controlled by adding various dispersants to organic solvents, and it was compared with the dispersion of TiO2 and Fe2O3 particles. Among the dispersions of Fe nanoparticles studied in the present work, the methyl ethyl ketone suspension with oleic acid as a dispersant showed the lowest viscosity. The dispersion was promoted by the chemisorption of oleic acid on the particles surface which resulted in the steric repulsion. On the contrary, in the dispersion of TiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, oleic acid did not serve as an effective dispersant for organic solvents.
Wound Lavage in Studies on Vital Pulp Therapy of Permanent Teeth with Carious Exposures: A Qualitative Systematic Review (2020)

The aim of this study was to systematically review pulp wound lavage in vital pulp therapy (VPT). A search was conducted in six life science databases to identify clinical trials carried out on permanent teeth with a carious pulp exposure and a recall interval of at least six months. Twenty-seven trials of low to moderate risk of bias (RoB-2 and ROBINS-I) were included. Data was extracted and analyzed regarding study characteristics and methods used for pulp wound lavage. The agent used for pulp wound lavage was specified in all included trials. Most of the identified trials (23/27) randomized the pulp capping material. Many (14/27) reported the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); ten used only saline or water. One trial was identified that compared pulp wound lavage with 2.5% (NaOCl) to saline, another compared 5% glutaraldehyde to water, both in immature molar pulpotomies. Both studies were underpowered. Neither showed a significant difference between treatments. The use of NaOCl was positively correlated to recent year of publication and use of hydraulic calcium silicate cements for pulp capping (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, despite a lack of well-designed trials on pulp wound lavage in VPT, a trend towards using NaOCl for this purpose was observed.
Factors affecting the developmental stage of embryos recovered on day 7 from superovulated dairy cattle (1995)

The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the factors influencing developmental stage of bovine embryos recovered from superovulated dairy cattle 7 d after estrus. From 217 superovulated dairy cows and heifers, 2,211 eggs were recovered, of which 1,495 were classified as transferable embryos based on morphological evaluation of developmental stage and quality. From the evaluated embryos, 1,429 were non-surgically transferred to recipients to produce 623 calves. The transferable embryos were classified into five developmental stages and four quality grades. The least-developed transferable embryos tended to be classified into poorer quality grades. A multifactorial statistical model was used to analyze whether the following factors were associated with the developmental stage and quality grade of the embryos: donor breed, parity, gonadotropin preparation, embryo sex, insemination bull, embryologist (the person evaluating the embryo), year, and season of recovery. Among these factors, only the embryologist and the donor animal accounted for significant variation in embryo development. It was concluded that the developmental stage of embryos recovered at d 7 from superovulated cattle, when evaluated by simple morphological criteria, was correlated with the embryo's quality and was affected by the donor animal but in this study not by the embryo sex, donor breed and parity, gonadotropin preparation, and insemination bull used. The embryo's quality grading was influenced by the embryologist. Consequently, sexing of an embryo recovered from superovulated cattle is not possible by simple morphological evaluation of the embryo's developmental stage.
Sequential Responses of Bacteria to Noxious Agents (Antibiotics) Leading To Accumulation of Mutations and Permanent Resistance (2012)

Bacteria have the capacity, as all living cells, to escape harm from a noxious agent by extruding the agent before it reaches its target and harms to the cell. This initial response is intrinsic and involves plasma membrane bound efflux pumps which have the capacity to recognise and extrude a large variety of structurally unrelated molecules. When the concentration of the agent is progressively increased, the number of efflux pumps is also progressively increased as a consequence of over-expression of genes that regulate and code for the synthesis of these pumps. Often, when the bacterium is transferred to drug free medium, the number of pump units returns to baseline levels. However, when the concentration of agent is maintained over a prolonged period of time, mutations in genes that code for essential proteins which are usual targets of antibiotics, begin to accumulate and the expression of genes that code for the efflux pumps decreases, oftentimes reaching wild type levels. When the patient is treated with an antibiotic over a prolonged period of time and initial therapy is ineffective, the bacterium most likely escapes via its own intrinsic efflux pump system and with time, it is expected that the number of efflux pump units progressively increase rendering the clinical isolate resistant to the given antibiotic. The amount of energy needed to maintain a high level of efflux pump activity is great and at the expense of other activities that are needed for survival and replication. When this point is reached, and following the second law of thermodynamics, the bacterium goes through changes to survive at low energy costs (for example: switches its mutator gene and a number of predicted mutations of essential proteins take place). These changes render the bacterium permanently resistant to given antibiotics, the need for efflux is no longer and the number of efflux pump units returns to baseline levels. This review will discuss the structure, genetic regulation, physiology of efflux pumps and the means by which a clinical isolate can be characterized for the components that contribute to its resistance during therapy, namely, evaluation of efflux pump activity versus mutations. The ability of a laboratory to perform these evaluations will go a long way toward the selection of effective antibiotic therapy on a real-basis.
Lateral Epitaxial Overgrowth of 3C-SiC on Si Substrates by CVD Method (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
XAFS studies of coal (1994)

Over the past 10 years, x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy has been extensively applied to a variety of problems in coal science. The current paper will review those applications. Because of the fact that XAFS spectroscopy focuses on only one element at a time, it is ideally suited to examining the structure of individual elements in highly heterogeneous materials like coal and its derivatives, We will briefly review XAFS studies of S, Ca, K, Cl, and several trace elements (As, Cr, etc.) in coal. Applications of XAFS in studies of coal combustion, liquefaction, and gasification will be discussed, with emphasis on in situ studies.
Multi-level charge storage in source-side injection flash EEPROM (2002)

The growing demand for high-density flash memories in portable computing, smart cards and telecommunications applications has boosted the efforts on flash memory cell size scaling and cost reduction. In order to further increase the storage capability and, consequently, reduce the cost per bit of flash memories, Multi-Level Charge Storage (MLCS) techniques have recently gained a lot of interest. Furthermore, MLCS is considered a viable route for increasing embedded flash density as well. The devices investigated so far rely either on conventional Channel Hot Electron (CHE) injection or on Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (FNT) for programming. For the first time, this paper shows that Source Side Injection (SSI) is also an excellent candidate for MLCS. The main advantages of SSI for MLCS are the very narrow threshold-voltage distributions after SSI programming, the symmetrical threshold-voltage window and the overerase immunity, which allows an overall wider threshold-voltage window, and hence more separated distributions.
p38β MAPK upregulates atrogin1/MAFbx by specific phosphorylation of C/EBPβ (2012)

The α and β isoforms of p38 MAPK are capable of recognizing distinct phosphorylation sites in a substrate. The unique capacity of p38β in mediating muscle catabolism is due to its capability in phosphorylating Thr-188 of C/EBPβ.
Nitrogen Solubility in High‐Manganese Steel Grades (2015)

The solubility of nitrogen in molten steel depends on temperature and also on the concentration of alloyed elements. In this work, the variation of nitrogen content is investigated as a function of the manganese content at varied nitrogen partial pressures in atmosphere. Previous works are compared to the experimental results of this study. Furthermore, a second order interaction coefficient was determined for nitrogen partial pressures from 60 to 1013 mbar and a [Mn] content up to 30 wt% Those investigations have been carried‐out to receive more data for the design of metallurgical processes concerning the production of the new group of high [Mn]‐steel grades with extraordinary properties combinations like high strength simultaneously with high formability.
Do mood symptoms subdivide the schizophrenia phenotype? association of the GMP6A gene with a depression subgroup (2007)

Genetic studies of clinically defined subgroups of schizophrenia patients may reduce the phenotypic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and thus facilitate the identification of genes that confer risk to this disorder. Several latent class analyses have provided subgroups of psychotic disorders that show considerable consistency over these studies. The presence or absence of mood symptoms was found to contribute most to the delineations of these subgroups. In this study we used six previously published subtypes of psychosis derived from latent class analysis of a large sample of psychosis patients. In 280 schizophrenia patients and 525 healthy controls we investigated the associations of these subgroups with myelin related genes. After bonferroni correction we found an association of the glycoprotein M6A gene (GPM6A) with the subgroup of schizophrenia patients with high levels of depression (P-corrected = 0.006). Borderline association of the microtubulin associated protein tau (MAPT) with a primarily non-affective group of schizophrenia patients (P-corrected = 0.052) was also observed. GPM6A modulates the influence of stress on the hippocampus in animals. Thus our findings could suggest that GMP6A plays a role in the stress-induced hippocampal alterations that are found in psychiatric disorders in general and schizophrenia in particular. Overall, these finding suggests that investigating subgroups of schizophrenia based symptoms profile and particularly mood symptoms can facilitate genetic studies of schizophrenia.
Supplementary Table from Combined MEK/PD-L1 Inhibition Alters Peripheral Cytokines and Lymphocyte Populations Correlating with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Combined MEK/PD-L1 Inhibition Alters Peripheral Cytokines and Lymphocyte Populations Correlating with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Longitudinal assessment of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by Micro-CT correlates with histological evaluation in mice (2017)

Micro-CT data were in good agreement with histological read-outs as micro-CT was able to quantify effectively and non-invasively disease progression longitudinally and to reduce the variability and number of animals used to assess the damage. This suggests that this technique is a powerful tool for understanding experimental pulmonary fibrosis and that its use could translate into a more efficient drug discovery process, also helping to fill the gap between preclinical setting and clinical practice.
Extracting story units from long programs for video browsing and navigation (2002)

Content based browsing and navigation in digital video collections have been centered on sequential and linear presentation of images. To facilitate such applications, nonlinear and non sequential access into video documents is essential, especially with long programs. For many programs, this can be achieved by identifying underlying story structures which are reflected both by visual content and temporal organization of composing elements. A new framework of video analysis and associated techniques are proposed to automatically parse long programs, to extract story structures and identify story units. The proposed analysis and representation contribute to the extraction of scenes and story units, each representing a distinct locale or event, that cannot be achieved by shot boundary detection alone. Analysis is performed on MPEG compressed video and without a prior models. The result is a compact representation that serves as a summary of the story and allows hierarchical organization of video documents.
Improvement in the quality of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase crystals in a microgravity environment (2010)

Human hematopoietic prostaglandin synthase, one of the better therapeutic target enzymes for allergy and inflammation, was crystallized with 22 inhibitors and in three inhibitor-free conditions in microgravity. Most of the space-grown crystals showed better X-ray diffraction patterns than the terrestrially grown ones, indicating the advantage of a microgravity environment on protein crystallization, especially in the case of this protein.
Low-Complexity Waveform Coding via Alphabet and Sample-Set Partitioning (1997)

We propose a new low-complexity entropy-coding method to be used for coding waveform signals. It is based on the combination of two schemes: (1) an alphabet partitioning method to reduce the complexity of the entropy-coding process; (2) a new recursive set partitioning entropy-coding process that achieves rates smaller than first order entropy even with fast Huffman adaptive codecs. Numerical results with its application for lossy and lossless image compression show the efficacy of the new method, comparable to the best known methods. Keywords: entropy coding, lossless compression, image coding 1 INTRODUCTION In practical applications of waveform coding, the common rule is that sources have characteristics that keep changing dramatically. These changes can be easy to identify, like activity in voice coding, or more subtle, like textures in images, or instrument timbre in music. The simplest coding methods are known to be ideal under conditions like stationarity, which may be too far ...
Improved Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected (3S,4S)-4-Amino-3,5-dihydroxypentanoic Acid (ADPA) (2010)

An improved enantioselective synthesis of protected (3S,4S)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxypentanoic acid (ADPA) from L-serine has been developed. Enantioselectivity is improved by replacing the methyl ester with the tert-butyl ester and using neutral magnesium salt of esters to give β-keto ester.
A TimeImageNet Sequence Learning for Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Turbofan Engine in Aircraft Systems (2021)

Internet of Things systems generate a large amount of sensor data that needs to be analyzed for extracting useful insights on the health status of the machine under consideration. Sensor data of all possible states of a system are used for building machine learning models. These models are further used to predict the possible downtime for proactive action on the system condition. Aircraft engine data from run to failure is used in the current study. The run to failure data includes states like new installation, stable operation, first reported issue, erroneous operation, and final failure. In the present work, the non-linear multivariate sensor data is used to understand the health status and anomalous behavior. The methodology is based on different sampling sizes to obtain optimum results with great accuracy. The time series of each sensor is converted to a 2D image with a specific time window. Converted Images would represent the health of a system in higher-dimensional space. The created images were fed to Convolutional Neural Network, which includes both time variation and space variation of each sensed parameter. Using these created images, a model for estimating the remaining life of the aircraft is developed. Further, the proposed net is also used for predicting the number of engines that would fail in the given time window. The current methodology is useful in avoiding the health index generation for predicting the remaining useful life of the industrial components. Better accuracy in the classification of components is achieved using the TimeImagenet-based approach.