gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overlapping MicroRNA Expression in Saliva and Cerebrospinal Fluid Accurately Identifies Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (2017)

To assess the accuracy and physiological relevance of circulating microRNA (miRNA) as a biomarker of pediatric concussion, we compared changes in salivary miRNA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) miRNA concentrations after childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). A case-cohort design was used to compare longitudinal miRNA concentrations in CSF of seven children with severe TBI against three controls without TBI. The miRNAs "altered" in CSF were interrogated in saliva of 60 children with mild TBI and compared with 18 age- and sex-matched controls. The miRNAs with parallel changes (Wilcoxon rank sum test) in CSF and saliva were interrogated for predictive accuracy of TBI status using a multivariate regression technique. Spearman rank correlation identified relationships between miRNAs of interest and clinical features. Functional analysis with DIANA mirPath identified related mRNA pathways. There were 214 miRNAs detected in CSF, and 135 (63%) were also present in saliva. Six miRNAs had parallel changes in both CSF and saliva (miR-182-5p, miR-221-3p, mir-26b-5p, miR-320c, miR-29c-3p, miR-30e-5p). These miRNAs demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.852 for identifying mild TBI status. Three of the miRNAs exhibited longitudinal trends in CSF and/or saliva after TBI, and all three targeted mRNAs related to neuronal development. Concentrations of miR-320c were directly correlated with child and parent reports of attention difficulty. Salivary miRNA represents an easily measured, physiologically relevant, and accurate potential biomarker for TBI. Further studies assessing the influence of orthopedic injury and exercise on peripheral miRNA patterns are needed.
<title>LWIR/MWIR imaging hyperspectral sensor for airborne and ground-based remote sensing</title> (1996)

We describe the design and performance of an infrared imaging spectrograph that was first used as an airborne sensor in October, 1995. This instrument, called the spatially-enhanced broadband array spectrograph system (SEBASS), is intended to explore the utility of hyperspectral infrared sensors for remotely identifying solids, liquids, gases, and chemical vapors in the 2 to 14 micrometers 'chemical fingerprint' spectral region. The instrument, which is an extension of an existing non-imaging spectrograph uses two spherical-faced prisms to operate simultaneously in the atmospheric transmission windows found between 2.0 and 5.2 micrometers and between 7.8 and 13.4 micrometers (LWIR). ALthough the SEBASS instrument is designed primarily for use from an aircraft platform, it was used in March 1996 for a tower-based collection.
Independently tunable dual-wavelength fiber oscillator with synchronized pulsed emission based on a theta ring cavity and a fiber Bragg grating array (2017)

We present a fiber-integrated laser enabling independent tuning of two emission wavelengths with a synchronized pulsed emission. The discrete tuning concept comprises a theta cavity fiber laser (TCFL), a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array as a versatile spectral filter, facilitating tailored tuning ranges, and optical gating to control the emission spectrum. A novel electrical driving scheme uniquely enables independently tunable multi-wavelength emission from a single laser oscillator. Tunable dual-wavelength emission is experimentally investigated with a ytterbium (Yb)-doped TCFL using an FBG array with 11 gratings. Over a tuning range of 25 nm, 55 wavelength pairs have been demonstrated with high signal contrast (≈ 40 dB) and narrow linewidth (< 40GHz). Based on the demands of prospective applications, pulse synchronicity is studied with a fiber-based time-delay spectrometer (TDS) simultaneously measuring the joint temporal and spectral pulse properties down to a single-pulse analysis. Accordingly, tunable and fully synchronized dual-wavelength emissions have been verified by driving the TCFL with optimized electrical gating parameters. This unique operation mode achieved in a cost-efficient fiber-integrated laser design targets novel applications e.g. in nonlinear spectroscopy and biophotonics.
Masses ofTz=−12nuclei in the1f72shell (1975)

The ($p$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$) reaction was used to observe and measure the masses of the proton-rich nuclei $^{45}\mathrm{V}$, $^{49}\mathrm{Mn}$, and $^{53}\mathrm{Co}$, thus completing all mirror pairs in the ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shell. New measurements of the masses of $^{43}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{47}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{51}\mathrm{Fe}$, and $^{55}\mathrm{Ni}$ were made using the ($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$) reaction. Coulomb energy differences of the $T=\frac{1}{2}$ mirror pairs are extracted, and the new masses are used to predict the masses of proton-rich nuclei with $23\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}28$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{50}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}(p, ^{6}\mathrm{He})$, ${E}_{p}=46$ MeV, $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{46}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{50}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{6}\mathrm{He}$), ${E}_{^{3}\mathrm{He}}=70$ MeV, measured $Q$, deduced mass excess of $^{43}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{45}\mathrm{V}$, $^{47}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{49}\mathrm{Mn}$, $^{51}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{53}\mathrm{Co}$, $^{55}\mathrm{Ni}$, predicted masses of proton-rich nuclei with $21\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}28$.
Summary Abstract: Chemisorption of water on Rh(111) (1980)

The chemisorption of H2O on the (111) surface of Rh has been studied by thermal desorption mass spectrometry and low-energy electron diffraction. In addition to the clean surface, the chemisorptive behavior of H2O has been examined when various coverages of oxygen, hydrogen, or carbon monoxide have been pre-adsorbed on the surface in the form of atomic oxygen, atomic hydrogen, and molecular CO.
Tricyclic pyrone compounds prevent aggregation and reverse cellular phenotypes caused by expression of mutant huntingtin protein in striatal neurons (2009)

We have found that TP compounds not only blocked mhtt-induced aggregation, but also alleviated early cellular dysfunctions that preclude aggregate formation. Our data suggest TP molecules may be used as lead compounds for prevention or treatment of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including HD and AD.
Recursive versus nonrecursive Richardson algorithms: systematic overview, unified frameworks and application to electric grid power quality monitoring (2022)

Sufficiently accurate, fast and computationally efficient solution of the system of linear equations is required in many estimation problems. Richardson iteration is one of the main solvers for linear equations, which provides optimization possibilities for time critical and accuracy critical applications. Convergence rate improvement and reduction of the computational complexity of the Richardson iteration are the most important problems in the area. The introduction of Newton-Schulz iterations is the efficient way for convergence rate improvement and the paper starts with systematic overview of the high-order Newton-Schulz matrix inversion algorithms. In addition, the unified framework for recursive computationally efficient convergence accelerators and error models for a number of combinations of Richardson and Newton-Schulz iterations is developed. A new nonrecursive parameter estimation concept is introduced and compared in this paper with recursive estimation. Recursive and nonrecursive Richardson algorithms together with the standard LU decomposition method were applied to the electric grid power quality monitoring problem. The algorithms were tested for the detection of the sag and swell signatures in the voltage and current signals on real data in three-phase power system. Nonrecursive Richardson algorithms which save close to half of the computational time compared to LU decomposition method were recommended for power quality monitoring applications.
Resveratrol prevents inflammation-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis by inhibiting the secretion and effects of interleukin-18 (2011)

These results demonstrate multiple sites for therapeutic intervention using resveratrol within the prometastatic microenvironment generated by tumor-induced hepatic IL-18, and suggest a remarkable effect of resveratrol in the prevention of inflammation-dependent melanoma metastasis in the liver.
The alloimmune response and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection. (2000)

Allograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. Allospecific T lymphocytes are activated by donor peptides which are presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules by either donor or recipient antigen presenting cells. Antigen presenting cells also provide essential costimulatory signals which are required for T cell proliferation and differentiation into either helper or effector lymphocytes. Effector mechanisms of allograft rejection include those mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and B lymphocytes. Importantly, alloimmune responses are controlled by regulatory molecules which include membrane receptors and cytokines. Novel insights into the interactions between antigen presenting cells and T lymphocytes, and further understanding of how alloimmune responses are regulated, will help in developing effective antirejection and tolerance-inducing strategies.
An assessment of the systemic activity of single doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate in healthy volunteers [see comments] (1994)

1. The systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP), administered via Diskhaler, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed primarily by measuring plasma cortisol at frequent intervals for 20 h after drug administration. 2. FP showed a dose-related suppression of plasma cortisol measured as area under the plasma cortisol vs time curve (AUC 0-20). The cortisol suppression (expressed as % fall from placebo) was 8, 19, and 28% for single doses of 250 micrograms FP, 500 micrograms FP and 1000 micrograms FP, respectively. A single dose of budesonide, 800 micrograms (via Turbuhaler), resulted in a 16% cortisol suppression. The cortisol suppression for all three single doses of FP, and for the single dose of budesonide, was statistically significantly different from placebo. 3. Repeated dosing of FP (1000 micrograms twice daily for 3.5 days) resulted in a more marked plasma cortisol suppression; a fall of 65% from placebo (AUC FP 1000 mg twice daily vs AUC placebo, P < 0.001). 4. In a well-controlled study in healthy volunteers, inhaled FP, in therapeutic doses, was shown to exhibit systemic effects which appear to be more pronounced after repeated dosing.
Graph Signal Processing over a Probability Space of Shift Operators (2021)

Graph signal processing (GSP) uses a shift operator to define a Fourier basis for the set of graph signals. The shift operator is often chosen to capture the graph topology. However, in many applications, the graph topology may be unknown a priori, its structure uncertain, or generated randomly from a predefined set for each observation. Each graph topology gives rise to a different shift operator. In this paper, we develop a GSP framework over a probability space of shift operators. We develop the corresponding notions of Fourier transform, MFC filters, and band-pass filters, which subsumes classical GSP theory as the special case where the probability space consists of a single shift operator. We show that an MFC filter under this framework is the expectation of random convolution filters in classical GSP, while the notion of bandlimitedness requires additional wiggle room from being simply a fixed point of a band-pass filter. We develop a mechanism that facilitates mapping from one space of shift operators to another, which allows our framework to be applied to a rich set of scenarios. We demonstrate how the theory can be applied by using both synthetic and real datasets.
Density Determination of Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine-Opioid Mixtures for Spinal Anesthesia (2003)

To the Editor: Hallworth et al. (1) demonstrated in vitro that the addition of glucose to intrathecally administered bupivacaine produced solutions of predictable density in a linear manner. For local anesthetic/opioid mixtures, they stated that the final glucose concentration, not the opioid, largely determines a solution’s density and expressed the following formula: MATH In our hospital, bupivacaine 0.5%/8% glucose had been switched to bupivacaine 0.5%/5% glucose. In the first two patients who underwent cesarian section under spinal anesthesia with the new drug, we observed an insufficient spread of the block after administration of bupivacaine 0.5%/5% glucose with 20 μg fentanyl. The clinical efficacy of both local anesthetics should have been identical (2). Dextrose concentrations between 1.25% and 8% resulted in equivalent block heights (3). Hare et al. (4) presented a formula for calculating local anesthetic/opioid mixture density based on individual components:MATH Hare et al. exemplified the clinical utility of the equation by determining the final density of an anesthetic/opioid mixture containing 15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% (2 mL), 0.4 mg morphine (0.8 mL), and 25 μg fentanyl (0.5 mL). The density changed from 1.0252 g/mL, for the anesthetic alone, to 1.0135 g/mL, for the final mixture, representing a decrease of 0.0117 g/mL. Calculating the density change based on the formula from Hallworth et al. for the same drug combination, the change would be 0.00877 g/mL, a value close to that calculated with Hare’s equation. In our patients with the insufficient spread, we calculated a density of 1.0094 g/mL, 1.0098 g/mL respectively (using Hare’s formula). Nevertheless, solutions with a density higher than 1.0018 g/mL should behave hyperbarically (2). We could not find a clinical study confirming the theoretical value of Barash et al. Based on this information we felt that the addition of fentanyl might have produced a critical dilution of the bupivacaine 0.5%/5% glucose leading to the observed insufficient spread of spinal anesthesia in our patients. Sandra Kampe, MD Christian Pietruck, MD Christoph Diefenbach, MD
Melanome der Vulva (1991)

The present retrospective study includes 12 patients with melanoma of the vulva who underwent vulvectomy between 1977 and 1987. Six patients were less than 55 and 6 other patients more than 69 years old. Three women of the younger age group survived (31, 44 and 116 months, respectively), whereas three of them died of the tumour. In the patient group of over 69 years of age 4 patients died of the tumour, one patient did not appear for follow-up and one further patient died in the meantime. Nine patients suffered from deeply infiltrating tumours (Clark levels IV and V), 2 patients had a Clark level II tumour, and in one case the Clark level was unknown. Depth of infiltration correlated with the prognosis of disease, i.e. only one patient with deep tumour infiltration, but both patients with Clark level II tumours survived. Therefore, the importance of early diagnosis of melanoma of the vulva should be emphasized, and accurate inspection of the vulva should be indispensable in the course of routine gynaecological examination also in younger women.
Characterization of rock for constraining reservoir scale tomography at the Geysers geothermal field (1994)

A suite of laboratory measurements are being conducted on Geysers graywacke recovered from a drilled depth of 2599 meters in NEGU-17. The tests are being conducted to characterize the effect of pressure and fluid saturation on the seismic properties of the graywacke matrix. The measurements indicate that the graywacke is an unusual rock in many respects. Both compressional and shear velocities exhibit relatively little change with pressure. Water saturation causes a slight increase in the compressional velocity, quantitatively consistent with predictions from the Biot-Gassmann equations. Shear velocity decreases with water saturation by an amount greater than that predicted by the Biot-Gassmann equations. This decrease is attributed to chemomechanical weakening caused by the presence of water. Measurements of Q, from torsion experiments on room dry samples at seismic frequencies indicate unusually high Q, (~500). Water saturation decreases the shear modulus by 12 percent, again indicative of chemomechanical weakening. Q, is lower for the water saturated condition, but still relatively high for rock at low stress. Results of ultrasonic pulse propagation experiments on partially saturated samples are typical of low porosity rocks, being characterized by a monotonic decrease in compressional and shear velocity with decrease in saturation. An increase in shear velocity and low frequency shear modulus after vacuum drying indicates the presence of chemo-mechanical weakening resulting from the presence of small amounts of water.
Error Analysis of low-rank three-way tensor factorization approach to blind source separation (2014)

In tensor factorization approach to blind separation of multidimensional sources two formulas for calculating the source tensor have emerged. In practice, it is observed that these two schemes exhibit different levels of robustness against perturbations of the factors involved in the tensor model. Motivated by both practical reasons and the will to better figure this out, we present error analyses in source tensor estimation performed by low-rank factorization of three-way tensors. To that aim, computer simulations as well as the analytical calculation of the theoretical error are carried out. The conclusions drawn from these numerical and analytical error analyses are supported by the results obtained thanks to the tensor factorization based blind decomposition of an experimental multispectral image of a skin tumor.
Development of a Self-Balancing Human Transportation Vehicle for the Teaching of Feedback Control (2008)

Control systems education often needs to design interesting hands-on exercises that keep students interested in the control theory presented in lectures. These exercises include system modeling, system analyses, controller syntheses, implementation, experimentation, and performance evaluation of a control system. This paper presents an interesting pedagogical tool, a self-balancing human transportation vehicle (HTV), for the teaching of feedback control concepts in undergraduate electrical, mechatronic, and mechanical engineering environments. Such a pedagogical tool can be easily and inexpensively constructed using low-tech commercial components and feedback control approaches. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed HTV system are examined by conducting several experiments on three different terrains. An education process, together with a pedagogical method, is presented to show how the developed HTV can be incorporated into the laboratory course. To increase students' hands-on experience and keep them interested in learning feedback control, this study also investigated how the enrolled students responded to this new pedagogical tool. This education method along with the HTV system is shown to be significantly effective in helping students to understand feedback control theory and practices, and also to result in more motivated and active learning.
Performance of dispersed fringe sensor in the presence of segmented mirror aberrations: modeling and simulation (2006)

Dispersed Fringe Sensing (DFS) is an efficient and robust method for coarse phasing of a segmented primary mirror such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In this paper, modeling and simulations are used to study the effect of segmented mirror aberrations on the DFS fringe image, its signals, and the piston detection accuracy. The simulations show that due to the pixilation spatial filter effect from DFS signal extraction the effect of wavefront error is reduced. In addition, the DFS algorithm is more robust against wavefront aberration when the multi-trace DFS approach is used. We have also studied the JWST Dispersed Hartmann Sensor (DHS) performance in presence of wavefront aberrations caused by the gravity sag and we have used the scaled gravity sag to explore the JWST DHS performance relationship with the level of the wavefront aberration. As a special case of aberration we have also included the effect from line-of-sight jitter in the JWST modeling study.
Making a commercial atomic force microscope more accurate and faster using positive position feedback control (2009)

This paper presents experimental implementation of a positive position feedback (PPF) control scheme for vibration and cross-coupling compensation of a piezoelectric tube scanner in a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM is a device capable of generating images with extremely high resolutions down to the atomic level. It is also being used in applications that involve manipulation of matter at a nanoscale. Early AFMs were operated in open loop. Consequently, they were susceptible to piezoelectric creep, thermal drift, hysteresis nonlinearity, and scan-induced vibration. These effects tend to distort the generated image and slow down the scanning speed of the device. Recently, a new generation of AFMs has emerged that utilizes position sensors to measure displacements of the scanner in three dimensions. These AFMs are equipped with feedback control loops that work to minimize the adverse effects of hysteresis, piezoelectric creep, and thermal drift on the obtained image using proportional-plus-integral (PI) controllers. These feedback controllers are often not designed to deal with the highly resonant nature of an AFM's scanner nor with the cross coupling between various axes. In this paper we illustrate the improvement in accuracy and imaging speed that can be achieved by using a properly designed feedback controller such as a PPF controller. Such controllers can be incorporated into most modern AFMs with minimal effort since they can be implemented in software with the existing hardware. Experimental results show that by implementing the PPF control scheme, relatively good images in comparison with a well-tuned PI controller can still be obtained up to line scan of 60 Hz.
Evolutionary topology optimization using the extended finite element method and isolines (2013)

This study presents a new algorithm for structural topological optimization of two-dimensional continuum structures by combining the extended finite element method (X-FEM) with an evolutionary optimization algorithm. Taking advantage of an isoline design approach for boundary representation in a fixed grid domain, X-FEM can be implemented to improve the accuracy of finite element solutions on the boundary during the optimization process. Although this approach does not use any remeshing or moving mesh algorithms, final topologies have smooth and clearly defined boundaries which need no further interpretation. Numerical comparisons of the converged solutions with standard bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization solutions show the efficiency of the proposed method, and comparison with the converged solutions using MSC NASTRAN confirms the high accuracy of this method.