gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life and the burden of prolonged seizures in noninstitutionalized children with epilepsy (2019)

Health-related quality of life was very poor in many children with epilepsy whose PACS were managed with rescue medication in the community, with learning disability being the most powerful predictor of patients' HRQoL. Mean EQ-5D utility scores were lower (worse) than published values for many other chronic disorders, indicating that optimal treatment should involve helping children and their families to manage learning disabilities and day-to-day impairments, in addition to preventing seizures.
Synthetic Biology: Molecular Tools for Engineering Organisms (2018)

Abstract Synthetic biology is a biological engineering discipline based on abstracting living systems through the lens of physical engineering concepts. In particular, synthetic biology places an emphasis on the characterisation of simple parts that can be modularly assembled into configurations that give rise to complex, higher‐order behaviours. Within the past two decades, this approach has enabled the development number of new molecular biology tools for modifying living systems in order to investigate fundamental processes or imbuing functions into cells that do not exist in nature. While specific synthetic biology applications span a huge range of seemingly unrelated disciplines (from biofuel producing microbes, to malaria‐resistant mosquitoes, to living medical therapies), these distinct examples derive from reuse and rearrangement of relatively limited set of cell engineering technologies. The continuing development of these core molecular biology tools for controlling gene expression, protein activity and signalling networks can promote evermore ambitious biological engineering projects. Key Concepts Synthetic biology is a discipline for biological engineering using principles of physical engineering. Complex biological systems can be abstracted as a set of core ‘parts’ with separable functions. A biological part is modular when it confers a discrete function, which can be repurposed and rearranged in many different contexts while maintaining fidelity. Biological systems naturally display many modular features that are evident at many different scales. Synthetic biology attempts to identify, characterise and repurpose biological modules to build devices with novel functions. The field has created several new molecular biology tools for controlling living systems through exploiting the recombination of modular parts. The tools of synthetic biology are frequently used to imbue organisms with technologically useful traits. As synthetic biology expands beyond model microbes, its potential to contribute to our fundamental understanding of biology continues to increase.
Inflammation and Cancer (2017)

The relation between wound healing and cancer has been the subject of discussion for more than a century. Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in a variety of cancers. In general, the longer the inflammation persists, the higher the risk of cancer. The mechanisms that regulate wound healing have been shown to promote transformation and growth of malignant cells. In addition, chronic inflammation has been associated with malignant transformation in many tissues. The tumors are wounds that do not heal and have been studied in a variety of settings of cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among all cells, fibroblasts could survive under mechanical stress, which can be fatal to other cell types. In the laboratory, in cell culture settings the fibroblasts grow from decaying tissue. This tough nature of fibroblasts allows them to survive under apoptosis resistance. Chronic injury and inflammation play a major role for malignant cancer cells that activate and sustain the wound healing program in an inflated way. Both fibrosis and cancer are associated with fibroblasts at all stages of the disease progression. The same cell types (cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and fibrosis-associated fibroblasts (FAFs)), along with soluble mediators from microenvironments that trigger wound healing via specific signal transduction, also elicit cancer malignancies and chronic fibrosis through exaggerated wound healing. In this review, in addition to connecting FAFs and CAFs to wound healing, we will also summarize our recent work as well as updated knowledge about the role of CD44, a receptor for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, in regulating the inflammatory and wound healing responses to growth of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
Quantum dots and peptides: A bright future together (2006)

Nanocrystalline semi-conductor materials, called quantum dots (QDs), exhibit unique optical and spectroscopic properties, which include, broad absorption, narrow and tunable emission, resistance to photobleaching, strong luminescence, and long luminescent lifetimes. These remarkable properties of QDs have resulted in their use as an alternative to both small-molecule and protein fluorophores in innumerable biological applications. The overlap of QDs with the rich chemistry and biology that is characteristic of the peptide arena is an emerging research area. Peptides engineered with appropriate cysteines or histidines have served as ligands for producing water soluble QDs as well as for tagging protein ligands and biosensors to QD surfaces. Incorporation of cell-penetrating peptides on QD surfaces has allowed for the translocation of functionalized QDs into cells for intracellular imaging applications. QDs containing fluorescently labeled peptide substrates have shown utility in the development of novel protease assays. Moreover, QDs-labeled peptides that serve as ligands for cellular receptors provide an alternative to antibody mediated imaging at the whole-cell and single molecule level to study receptor distribution and trafficking. This review highlights the overlap between QD and peptide chemistry and speculates on future research directions.
Tumor‐primed natural killer cells from patients with multiple myeloma lyse autologous, NK‐resistant, bone marrow‐derived malignant plasma cells (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes able to kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Human-resting NK cells can be activated by co-culture with NK-resistant CTV-1a cells. These tumor-activated cells (TaNKs) are cytotoxic to a range of NK-resistant tumor cells in vitro. This potential, however, has not been explored in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we demonstrate that TaNK cells from 21 MM patients lyse a variety of myeloma targets, including primary isolates of autologous and allogeneic CD138+ myeloma cells whilst sparing CD138-ve bone marrow cells. Myeloma patients' TaNK-induced lysis of the U266 cell line was significantly higher compared to normal controls (median-specific lysis 79.1% vs. 69.5%) (P = 0.003). In addition, TaNKs induced substantial lysis of autologous and allogeneic CD138+ myeloma cells (median-specific lysis 52.5% and 37.4%, respectively). The percentage of specific lysis did not correlate with important disease characteristics (ISS, age, and high-risk molecular abnormalities) or with the disease status and antimyeloma treatment, including novel agents and dexamethasone. In conclusion, tumor-primed NK cells are able to induce substantial lysis of myeloma targets including autologous and allogeneic CD138+ myeloma plasma cells and could be an additional therapeutic approach in MM, particularly in the era of novel agents.
Viagenpumatucel-L (HS-110) plus nivolumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2019)

101 Background: Viagenpumatucel-L (HS-110) is an allogeneic cellular vaccine derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma (AD) cell line transfected with the gp96-Ig fusion protein. DURGA is a multi-cohort study evaluating the combination of HS-110 and immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) in patients with advanced NSCLC. Here we report the initial two cohorts with the combination of HS-110 and nivolumab. Methods: Patients (pts) with previously treated NSCLC received 1 X 10 7 HS-110 cells weekly for the first 18 weeks and nivolumab 3 mg/kg or 240 mg every 2 weeks until intolerable toxicity or tumor progression. Tissue was tested at baseline for PD-L1 expression (≥ 1% or &lt; 1%) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TIL high was defined by more than 10% CD8+ lymphocytes in the tumor stroma. Pts in cohort A had never received, and pts in cohort B had received, prior ICBs. The primary objectives were safety and objective response rates (ORR). Results: As of the August 2018 data cut-off, there were 43 pts enrolled into cohort A (40 AD and 3 squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) and 18 pts in cohort B (15 AD and 3 SCC). In cohort A, 14 pts (32.6%) were TIL high, 13 (30.2%) TIL low and 16 (37.2%) TIL unknown. ORR, disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (PFS) and 1 year PFS were 18.6%, 48.8%, 1.9 months and 23.9% respectively in cohort A, with median follow up of 432 days. ORR, DCR, and PFS were 22%, 50% and 2.2 months respectively in cohort B, with median follow up of 43 days. The median overall survival (mOS) was not reached in either cohort. In cohort A, TIL low at baseline was associated with increased mOS compared to TIL high (not reached vs 13.8 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.23, 95% CI 0.068-0.81, p = 0.04). There were no differences in mOS according to PD-L1 status in cohort A (p = 0.82). 57 (93%) pts experienced at least one adverse event (AE), of which 39 (64%) were grade 1 or 2. The most common AEs were fatigue (31%), cough and diarrhea (19.7% each). There were 2 grade 5 AEs (3.3%) caused by pulmonary embolism and tumor progression, neither considered to be treatment related. Conclusions: The combination of HS-110 and nivolumab is safe with encouraging preliminary efficacy data. The study is ongoing and additional populations are being explored. Clinical trial information: NCT02439450.
An artificial neural network model of human sound localization (1992)

An artificial neural network was trained to identify the location of sound sources using the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) of Wightman and Kistler [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 858–867 (1989)]. The simulated signals were either filtered clicks or pure tones, with speaker placements separated in steps of 15 deg in azimuth of 18 deg in elevation. After the signals were passed through the HRTFs, the inputs to the nets were computed as the difference of left ear and right ear phase spectra or the difference of the power at the output of left and right ear third-octave or twelfth-octave filter banks. Back propagation was used to train the nets. Separate nets were trained for each signal type and for each type of input data. Better than 90% correct identification of the source speakers location can be achieved in either the horizontal or median planes. The results for the horizontal plane are compared to the predictions of the duplex theory of sound localization. [Work supported by AFOSR-91-0289 and AFOSR-Task 2313V3.]
Al-2.59 Image Blur (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Supplementary Table 5 from Identification of Copy Number Abnormalities and Inactivating Mutations in Two Negative Regulators of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathways in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (2023)

Supplementary Table 5 from Identification of Copy Number Abnormalities and Inactivating Mutations in Two Negative Regulators of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathways in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia
A Molecular Model of Plasmic Degradation of Crosslinked Fibrin (1982)

Based on structural studies of both degrading insoluble crosslinked fibrin and of soluble derivatives, we have developed a model to explain the principal structural and physical features of plasmic degradation for crosslinked fibrin in vitro from the completely intact matrix to terminally degraded soluble derivatives. Plasmic digestion is viewed as a continuous process of proteolytic attack on accessible, enzyme-susceptible sites; but the process is separated into four phases based on solubility characteristics of the degrading fibrin matrix and on the structures of the soluble derivatives. The critical event of solubilization occurs only as the result of coincident cleavages at complementary sites in the basic two-stranded half-staggered overlap fibrin structure, resulting in the release of two-stranded complexes held together by noncovalent forces. The four smallest complexes which are released into solution have structures corresponding to DD/E, DY/YD, YY/DXD, and YXD/DXY. The protein initially solubilized has a constant composition with a predominance of large derivatives which are composed of at least on fragment from each of the two strands of the protofibril. Following their release into solution the larger complexes are converted in vitro to smaller ones by the continued action of plasmin, so that the complex found following prolonged digestion is DD/E. It is proposed that this newly defined group of complexes [11] represents the major form of circulating plasmic derivatives of crosslinked fibrin.
INITIAL APPEARANCE OF RADIOGRAPHIC AORTIC CALCIFICATION (1979)

2年以内の間隔で,くり返し胸部と腰椎のX線検査を行ない,観察期間中に大動脈弓部およびその近辺(以下大動脈弓部と略)または腹部大動脈に新たに石灰化の出現した66例(男45例,女21例)につきその初発した年令,部位,形態について検討した.なお, 66例中4例では,大動脈弓部と腹部大動脈とに,ほぼ同時に石灰化像が初発した. (1)大動脈弓部に石灰化が初発したものは39例(男24例,女15例)であり,初発時平均年令は61才,腹部大動脈においては31例(男23例,女8例)に初発し,その初発時平均年令は63才であつた. (2)大動脈弓部における石灰化像の初発部位は,弓部左側壁と,上行大動脈左側壁に多かつた.腹部大動脈においては,第3腰椎から第4腰椎の高さが最も多く,前壁と後壁による頻度の差はみられなかつた. (1)石灰化の初発像は,大動脈弓部では細く淡い線状ないし,弧状の陰影であり,腹部大動脈では点状あるいは斑状であつた.
Editorial Announcement (2000)

Editorial Announcement Gerald A. Press It is my pleasure to announce that Jan Wojcik of Auburn University is the new Book Review Editor of the Journal of the History of Philosophy. All correspondence concerning book reviews should be directed to Professor Wojcik in Alabama effective immediately. The mailing address is: Prof. Jan Wojcik, Journal of the History of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, Auburn University, AL 36849-5210. E-mail: wojcijw@auburn.edu. We thank the former Book Review Editor, Manfred Kuehn, for his service to this Journal. Copyright © 2000 Journal of the History of Philosophy, Inc.
Antibacterial nanohydroxyapatite/polyurethane composite scaffolds with silver phosphate particles for bone regeneration (2016)

Solving the issue of infection associated with implanted bone substitutes is one of the modern challenges of the biomedical engineering field. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel porous scaffold with sufficient antibacterial activity for bone repair or regeneration. Porous nanohydroxyapatite/polyurethane (n-HA/PU) composite scaffolds containing different amounts of silver phosphate particles were prepared through the in situ foaming method. Subsequently, their physicochemical properties, antibacterial abilities, and preliminary cytocompatibilities were evaluated. The results indicated that the porosity and mechanical properties of the n-HA/PU scaffolds incorporated with Ag3PO4 did not change significantly compared to n-HA/PU scaffold without Ag3PO4. The release of Ag(+) was time and concentration dependent, increasing with the immersion time and Ag3PO4 percentage in the scaffolds. A continuous Ag(+) release can last more than 3 weeks. The antibacterial tests and cytocompatibility evaluation revealed that n-HA/PU scaffolds with 3 wt% Ag3PO4 (n-HA/PU3) exhibit stronger antimicrobial effects as well as satisfactory cytocompatibility. The n-HA/PU3 scaffolds may hold great potential for application in the field of bone regeneration, especially for infection-associated bone defect repair.
Analogizing time complexity of KNN and CNN in recognizing handwritten digits (2017)

Handwritten identification of digit, analysis of pattern has been a major area of research in the field of character recognition. Several models are formed by changing various values of weights when applied through the neural network. The paper analyzes the study of time complexity in two different algorithms KNN and CNN. The K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm is used as a classifier capable of computing the Euclidean distance between data set input images. The dataset is fetched for training through neural network contains various (28 × 28) pixel size images and therefore, our first layer of neural network contains 784 neurons as input. We will analyze these images by varying values so as to obtain output layer of our network 10 neurons, each neuron if fixed gives any output between 0 to 9. After reading in data appropriately from MNIST and testing it on Gaussian distribution, KNN classifier then presented the result with Python tool. So, to avoid such a long waiting another algorithm Convolutional Neural Networks has been used. CNN has been implemented on Keras including Tensorflow and produces accuracy. It is then shown that KNN and CNN perform competitively with their respective algorithm on this dataset, while CNN produces high accuracy than KNN and hence chosen as a better approach.
Inhibition of β-Amyloid(40) Fibrillogenesis and Disassembly of β-Amyloid(40) Fibrils by Short β-Amyloid Congeners ContainingN-Methyl Amino Acids at Alternate Residues (2001)

A potential goal in the prevention or therapy of Alzheimer's disease is to decrease or eliminate neuritic plaques composed of fibrillar beta-amyloid (Abeta). In this paper we describe N-methyl amino acid containing congeners of the hydrophobic "core domain" of Abeta that inhibit the fibrillogenesis of full-length Abeta. These peptides also disassemble preformed fibrils of full-length Abeta. A key feature of the inhibitor peptides is that they contain N-methyl amino acids in alternating positions of the sequence. The most potent of these inhibitors, termed Abeta16-22m, has the sequence NH(2)-K(Me-L)V(Me-F)F(Me-A)E-CONH(2). In contrast, a peptide, NH(2)-KL(Me-V)(Me-F)(Me-F)(Me-A)-E-CONH(2), with N-methyl amino acids in consecutive order, is not a fibrillogenesis inhibitor. Another peptide containing alternating N-methyl amino acids but based on the sequence of a different fibril-forming protein, the human prion protein, is also not an inhibitor of Abeta40 fibrillogenesis. The nonmethylated version of the inhibitor peptide, NH(2)-KLVFFAE-CONH(2) (Abeta16-22), is a weak fibrillogenesis inhibitor. Perhaps contrary to expectations, the Abeta16-22m peptide is highly soluble in aqueous media, and concentrations in excess of 40 mg/mL can be obtained in buffers of physiological pH and ionic strength, compared to only 2 mg/mL for Abeta16-22. Analytical ultracentrifugation demonstrates that Abeta16-22m is monomeric in buffer solution. Whereas Abeta16-22 is susceptible to cleavage by chymotrypsin, the methylated inhibitor peptide Abeta16-22m is completely resistant to this protease. Circular dichroic spectroscopy of Abeta16-22m indicates that this peptide is a beta-strand, albeit with an unusual minimum at 226 nm. In summary, the inhibitor motif is that of alternating N-methyl and nonmethylated amino acids in a sequence critical for Abeta40 fibrillogenesis. These inhibitors appear to act by binding to growth sites of Abeta nuclei and/or fibrils and preventing the propagation of the network of hydrogen bonds that is essential for the formation of an extended beta-sheet fibril.
On the Typical Qualities of SPAR Type Structures for Initial or Permanent Field Development (1976)

ABSTRACT The size of Spartype units - slender vertical floating bodies - may range between a float and the huge construction exceeding a length of 200 m. Two sizes between these extremes have been built by IHC Holland, namely the ELSBM and Shell-Esso-Brent Spar. Beaming on the use of Spar Units in offshore industry, not necessarily oil offshore industry the general design philosophy with the influence of major parameters like draught, column and stability is shortly treated. Considerations regarding the strength during fabrication upending and use, as well as the fabrication, and upending itself are made. A large part of the paper gives attention to oscillatory and low frequency behavior of the larger units in regular and irregular waves. DESCRIPTION AND USE OF SPARTYPE STRUCTURES Spartype structures in general are vertically floating constructions with an oblong shape. Their waterline is comparatively small, which classifies them as semi-submersibles. The floatation part and the ballast part are spaced apart to create stability. The construction between the two parts is either a space frame or closed structure, so that the three elements form one body (figure 1, 2) A column protruding through the water surface connects the main body with the superstructure. By changing the main dimensions the properties of the unit can be influenced. Thus it is possible to meet the requirements that follow from the different functions the Spar has to fulfill. Some of these functions with their specific requirements are:Helicopter landing base Small short periodic motionsOffshore loading terminal (ELSBM-type) Small motion relative to tanker Small motion relative to bottom manifoldOil storage terminal Storage volume Small motions relative to flowline connectionsEmplacement for fixed equipment Larqe weight carrying capacity Small motions as required by the equipment In practice a combination of these functions will be asked for. For example all functions are called upon by a Production/storage Spar that includes an offloading facility. GENERAL DESIGN The design of a light spar type hell-landing base, tanker loading terminal or light house is simply based on achieving adequate small motions as to guarantee satisfactory performance. The design criteria can be imposed by equipment, personnel, underwater hoses, bowhawser etc. A long slender Body, with a small water line area and a relative high radius of gyration in pitch direction is ideally suited for this purpose, although minimum surge motions cannot be obtained in this way. The design of larger units is more complicated as we have to deal with more factors when settling the dimensions. We will discuss some of the parameters.