gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VCSEL's with Two-sided Output (1995)

hreshold current, output power, wall-plug efficiency and operating voltage of epitaxially grown InGaAs-AIGaAs, pla- nar vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) are strongly influenced by the electrical and optical properties of the p-doped Bragg reflector. Here we study in some detail the dependence of output behavior on the composition, interface grading, and modulation doping of the Beryllium doped AlGaAs-GaAs Bragg reflector. Using optimized p-doped mirrors VCSEL's with low threshold current densities of 300 A/cm2, low driving voltages of 1.6 V and high wall-plug efficiencies of 17.6% are obtained. Transverse single-mode emitting devices show a record low emis- sion linewidth of 30 MHz and a linewidth-power product of 2.2 mW . MHz.
Design of double-tapered fibers for tailoring the acousto-optic spectral response (2016)

A model to shape the spectral response of acousto-optic devices based on tapered fibers is reported. A double-tapered structure was designed in order to obtain a flat attenuation response with 34 nm bandwidth.
Combined proteomic and biochemical analyses redefine the consensus sequence requirement for epidermal growth factor-like domain hydroxylation (2022)

Epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs) have important functions in cell-cell signaling. Both secreted and cell surface human EGFDs are subject to extensive modifications, including aspartate and asparagine residue C3-hydroxylations catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate oxygenase aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH). Although genetic studies show AspH is important in human biology, studies on its physiological roles have been limited by incomplete knowledge of its substrates. Here, we redefine the consensus sequence requirements for AspH-catalyzed EGFD hydroxylation based on combined analysis of proteomic mass spectrometric data and mass spectrometry-based assays with isolated AspH and peptide substrates. We provide cellular and biochemical evidence that the preferred site of EGFD hydroxylation is embedded within a disulfide-bridged macrocycle formed of 10 amino acid residues. This definition enabled the identification of previously unassigned hydroxylation sites in three EGFDs of human fibulins as AspH substrates. A non-EGFD containing protein, lymphocyte antigen-6/plasminogen activator urokinase receptor domain containing protein 6B (LYPD6B) was shown to be a substrate for isolated AspH, but we did not observe evidence for LYPD6B hydroxylation in cells. AspH-catalyzed hydroxylation of fibulins is of particular interest given their important roles in extracellular matrix dynamics. In conclusion, these results lead to a revision of the consensus substrate requirements for AspH and expand the range of observed and potential AspH-catalyzed hydroxylation in cells, which will enable future study of the biological roles of AspH.
NET32K high speed image understanding system (2002)

Two NET32K neural-network chips are integrated on a board system with an SBus interface, to serve as a high speed image analysis platform. The system is optimized for convolutional networks. Up to 64 Kernels of size 16/spl times/16 pixels are scanned simultaneously over an image. In this way, simple geometric shapes are extracted from an image, representing its content in a compact form. A standard processor can then do the high level interpretation. To prevent I/O bottlenecks between board and host, several high speed programmable logic devices are included on the board to implement tapped delay lines and compression/decompression algorithms. The board can process 20 frames per second, achieving over 100 GC/s (billion connections per second). The SBus interface makes it possible to directly "plug" the board into a SUN Sparcstation, providing a compact and low cost solution for complex image analysis tasks. Several document processing applications are described.
Oxygen-atom transfer from nitrous oxide to a nickel metallacycle. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of [cyclic] (2,2'-bipyridine)Ni(OCH2CH2CH2CH2) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen-atom transfer from nitrous oxide to a nickel metallacycle. Synthesis, structure, and reactions of [cyclic] (2,2'-bipyridine)Ni(OCH2CH2CH2CH2)Phillip T. Matsunaga, Gregory L. Hillhouse, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5, 2075–2077Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00058a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00058a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2190Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Interference effects in the theory of multiphoton laser-simulated bremsstrahlung for electron wave packets that are broad in their momentum representation (2009)

The interference peculiarities of absorption and emission of external laser field quanta by a spatially narrow electron wave packet during its scattering at a potential center are considered. The angular and energy distributions for an electron due to scattering in a laser field are obtained and analyzed within the framework of the perturbation theory based on interaction with the potential center. A new mechanism of effective heating of plasma produced in a cluster under the effect of intense external laser field is found. Drastic changes in angular distribution due to the interference of incident and scattered parts of an electron wave packet are revealed.
Reversible Grafting of α‐Naphthylmethyl Radicals to Epitaxial Graphene (2012)

The Kolbe electrochemical oxidation strategy has been utilized to achieve an efficient quasireversible electrochemical grafting of the α-naphthylmethyl functional group to graphene. The method facilitates reversible bandgap engineering in graphene and preparation of electrochemically erasable organic dielectric films. The picture shows Raman D-band maps of both systems.
Treatment of right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction: a multimodality approach (2016)

The right timing to replace the pulmonary valve in a patient with dysfunction of the right ventricular outflow tract is unknown. Both percutaneous pulmonary valve and surgical prosthesis are suitable options. In every patient, the right ventricle (RV) remodels and recovers differently after pulmonary replacement. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the best treatment option and to predict the long-term results. In the last few years, we focused our research on optimizing the characterization of these patients through advanced cardiovascular imaging in order to find possible variables, parameters, and reproducible measurements that can help us in the decision-making process. The aim of the present article is to present our ongoing research lines that focus on the characterization and optimal treatment approach to the dysfunction of the RVOT.
Four Recombinant Isoforms of Cor a 1, the Major Allergen of Hazel Pollen, Show Different Reactivities with Allergen‐specific T‐lymphocyte Clones (1994)

Purified preparations of allergenic proteins from plants, and in particular from pollens, consist of multiple closely related isoforms. These isoforms are highly similar in their amino acid sequences, yet they display different properties with respect to antibody binding. In this study we report of differential potencies of cross-reacting tree pollen allergens and cloned isoforms of these allergens to activate allergen-specific T-lymphocyte clones (T-cell clones; TCC). Six TCC with specificity for Bet v 1, a representative tree pollen major allergen, were established from peripheral blood of five birch-pollen-allergic donors. All TCC displayed the helper-cell phenotype. Five TCC reacted with distinct epitopes present on natural (n) and on recombinant (r) Bet v 1. One TCC could not be stimulated with r Bet v 1, in spite of strong reactivity with purified natural Bet v 1. The TCC were tested in proliferation assays using purified n Bet v 1, n Cor a 1 (the homologous major allergen of hazel pollen), r Bet v 1, four recombinant isoforms of Cor a 1 and peptides representing corresponding T-cell stimulating regions (isoepitopes) on these proteins. The clones showed different patterns of reactivity in response to stimulation with the five recombinant molecules and the corresponding peptides. Certain exchanges of amino acids within stimulating peptides correlated with a lack of proliferation of the TCC tested. These findings are important with respect to the use of broadly cross-reactive recombinant allergens or allergen-derived peptides for immunotherapy of type I allergy.
Intercapsomeric Disulfide Bonds in Papillomavirus Assembly and Disassembly (1998)

In order to analyze bonding contacts that stabilize the virion or promote capsid assembly, bovine papillomavirus (BPV) virions were subjected to buffer conditions known to disrupt polyomavirus virions. At physiologic ionic strength, incubation with dithiothreitol (DTT), EGTA, or DTT plus EGTA did not disrupt BPV virions as determined by electron microscopy. However, incubation of virions with DTT rendered the BPV L1 protein susceptible to trypsin cleavage at its carboxy terminus and rendered the genome susceptible to digestion with DNase I. When DTT-treated BPV virions were analyzed by analytical ultracentrifugation, they sedimented at 230S compared with 273S for untreated virions, suggesting a capsid shell expansion. Incubation with EGTA had no effect on trypsin or DNase I sensitivity and only a small effect upon the virion S value. A single cysteine residue conserved among BPV and human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 proteins resides within the trypsin-sensitive carboxy terminus of L1, which is required for capsid assembly. A recombinant HPV type 11 L1 protein, which was purified after expression in Escherichia coli and which has a Cys-to-Gly change at this position (Cys424), formed pentamers; however, unlike the wild-type protein, these mutant pentamers could no longer assemble in vitro into capsid-like structures. These results indicate an important role for interpentamer disulfide bonds in papillomavirus capsid assembly and disassembly and suggest a mechanism of virus uncoating in the reducing environment of the cytoplasm.
TROPHY-U-01 cohort 6: Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), SG plus zimberelimab (ZIM), SG plus ZIM plus domvanalimab (DOM), or carboplatin (CARBO) + gemcitabine (GEM) in cisplatin-ineligible patients (pts) with treatment-naive metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). (2023)

TPS592 Background: SG is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of an anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) antibody coupled to SN-38 via a proprietary hydrolyzable linker. In Cohort 1 of the phase 2 TROPHY-U-01 trial, SG monotherapy resulted in a 27% objective response rate (ORR) and median overall survival (OS) of 10.9 months with an overall manageable toxicity profile in pts with locally advanced or mUC who previously received platinum-based therapy and a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI; Tagawa S, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2021). The results led to accelerated FDA approval of SG for this population. ZIM (anti-PD-1) and DOM (anti-TIGIT) are CPIs under clinical investigation for anti-tumor activity. Cohort 6 of TROPHY-U-01 trial (C6) will assess SG monotherapy vs SG plus CPI combinations (SG + ZIM; SG + ZIM + DOM) vs CARBO/GEM followed by avelumab maintenance in treatment naive cis-ineligible pts with locally advanced or mUC. Methods: TROPHY-U-01 (NCT03547973) is a multicohort, open-label, global, phase 2 trial. C6 includes pts with cis-ineligible unresectable locally advanced or mUC who are ≥18 y; have an ECOG performance status 0-1; have available tissue for biomarker testing; have no prior mUC therapy, except (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with recurrence &gt;12 mo from completion; are CPI-naive or &gt;12 mo from completion; have adequate hematologic and hepatic function; and have creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min. A safety lead-in will occur where 6-8 pts will be treated with SG 10 mg/kg on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle + ZIM 360 mg q3wk. A second safety lead-in will occur where 6-8 pts will be treated with SG 10 mg/kg on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle + ZIM 360 mg q3wk + DOM 1200 mg q3wk. After the safety lead-in, pts will be randomized 1:2:2:2 to: Arm 1: SG 10 mg/kg on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle; Arm 2: SG 10 mg/kg on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle and ZIM 360 mg q3wk; Arm 3: SG 10 mg/kg on D1 and D8 of a 21-D cycle and ZIM 360 mg q3wk and DOM 1200 mg q3wk; and Arm 4: CARBO (AUC 4.5-5) on D1 of each 21-D cycle + GEM 1000 mg/m 2 on D1 and D8 of each 21-D cycle for the first 4-6 cycles followed by switch maintenance avelumab 800 mg q2wk in the absence of progression. All pts will continue treatment until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or loss of clinical benefit. Primary endpoint is ORR per central review based on RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, duration of response, and clinical benefit rate by central review and investigator review, as well as ORR by investigator review, and OS, and safety and tolerability (Arms 1-3). C6 aims to enroll an estimated 226 pts. With 60 subjects each in Arms 2-4, a comparison of Arm 2 or 3 vs Arm 4 will have ~88% power at one-sided α of 0.05 to demonstrate an improvement in ORR, with a null hypothesis of ORR 40% for Arms 2-3 and an alternative hypothesis of ORR at 65% for Arms 2-4. Clinical trial information: NCT03547973 .
Decimeter-Level Real-Time Carrier Phase Positioning Using Satellite Link (2001)

Differential GPS is widely used to provide meter-level
real-time positioning over a wide area; however,
emerging new technologies in offshore surveying and
precision farming require higher positioning accuracy.
Currently, centimeter level accuracy is only achievable
with RTK kinematic systems, which have severe range
limitations.
In order to address emerging applications that require
higher precision, Fugro has developed a new, dualfrequency,
carrier-phase, real-time positioning system.
This system uses multiple reference stations and
Omnistar/Starfix geo-stationary satellite data links to
provide coverage over a wide area. Higher accuracy is
achieved by exploiting the high precision of dual
frequency, carrier phase measurements. Operational realtime
tests carried out in different operational
environments in the United States and Europe
demonstrate an accuracy that is better than 10 centimeters
horizontally, and 20 centimeters vertically.
This paper introduces the dual frequency carrier phase
algorithm used in the system. It also describes the realtime
system architecture and summarizes the results of
sea and land tests. In addition, potential applications for
the new system are examined.
End-fire phased array 5G antenna design using leaf-shaped bow-tie elements for 28/38 GHz MIMO applications (2016)

In this paper, a new design of mm-Wave phased array 5G antenna for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications has been introduced. Two identical linear phased arrays with eight leaf-shaped bow-tie antenna elements have been used at different sides of the mobile-phone PCB. An Arlon AR 350 dielectric with properties of h=0.5 mm, ε=3.5, and δ=0.0026 has been used as a substrate of the proposed design. The antenna is working in the frequency range of 25 to 40 GHz (more than 45% FBW) and can be easily fit into current handheld devices. The proposed MIMO antenna has good radiation performances at 28 and 38 GHz which both are powerful candidates to be the carrier frequency of the future 5G cellular networks.
Ergonomic design of a wrist exoskeleton and its effects on natural motor strategies during redundant tasks (2013)

This work investigates how to design a comfortable wrist exoskeleton which complies with the natural coordination mechanisms in the redundant wrist. Human sensorimotor control is known to impose intrinsic kinematic constraints to solve redundant motor tasks. To this end, the effect of an exoskeleton on natural motor strategies was assessed during pointing tasks performed with the wrist. The exoskeleton was designed based on the kinematic model of one specific subject. Then wrist orientation was observed during pointing tasks with the exoskeleton in the following conditions: i) optimal alignment between human and exoskeleton joints; ii) varying degrees of misalignment between human and exoskeleton joints; iii) optimal alignment while the PS axis was locked (i.e. no redundancy). The results exhibited a modification of the natural coordination mechanisms characterized by a subject-specific Koenderink shape index. Kruskal-Wallis pairwise analyses demonstrated a significant variation between test conditions indicating a change of intrinsic constraints with misalignment and locked PS. The assessment methodologies presented in this paper can be used to test for ergonomic constraints and can guide the design of robotic systems performing kinematically redundant tasks.
OX40 Costimulation Synergizes with GM-CSF Whole-Cell Vaccination to Overcome Established CD8+ T Cell Tolerance to an Endogenous Tumor Antigen (2006)

T cell costimulation via OX40 is known to increase CD4+ T cell expansion and effector function and enhances the development of T cell memory. OX40 costimulation can also prevent, and even reverse, CD4+ T cell anergy. However, the role of OX40 in CD8+ T cell function is less well defined, particularly in the setting of immune tolerance. To determine the effects of OX40 costimulation on the induction of the host CD8+ T cell repertoire to an endogenous tumor Ag, we examined the fate of CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant rat HER-2/neu epitope, RNEU420-429, in FVB MMTV-neu (neu-N) mice, which express rat HER-2/neu protein in a predominantly mammary-restricted fashion. We show that the RNEU420-429-specific T cell repertoire in neu-N mice expands transiently after vaccination with a neu-targeted GM-CSF-secreting whole-cell vaccine, but quickly declines to an undetectable level. However, OX40 costimulation, when combined with GM-CSF-secreting tumor-targeted vaccination, can break established CD8+ T cell tolerance in vivo by enhancing the expansion, and prolonging the survival and effector function of CD8+ T cells specific for RNEU420-429. Moreover, we demonstrate that OX40 expression is up-regulated on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells shortly after administration of a GM-CSF expressing vaccine. These studies highlight the increased efficacy of OX40 costimulation when combined with a GM-CSF-secreting vaccine, and define a new role for OX40 costimulation of CD8+ T cells in overcoming tolerance and boosting antitumor immunity.
HLA-dependent peripheral T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire formation and its modification by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1997)

Our previous studies have disclosed that the peripheral T cell receptor beta (TCRB) gene repertoires of RA monozygotic twins were similar. This suggested that the TCRBV repertoire is controlled primarily by genetic factors. Here, we examine how the combination of HLA and presence of RA influence the peripheral TCRB repertoire. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six pairs of healthy monozygotic twins, six pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for RA, and nine siblings of a large family, including three RA patients, were examined for their TCRB gene repertoires. Among healthy twins and siblings, the BV repertoires between HLA-identical pairs were significantly more similar than those of HLA-non-identical pairs. When RA-affected members were included, the repertoires of the HLA-identical pairs discordant for RA were dissimilar compared with those of healthy pairs. TCRBV-BJ combination repertoire analysis of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets from the twins showed that the dissimilarity was primarily confined to CD8 T cells in the healthy identical twins, whereas it was seen in both CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in the RA-discordant twins. These results suggest (i) the presence of RA modifies the genetically controlled TCR repertoire of peripheral T cells, and (ii) the RA-associated alterations appear to occur more frequently in CD4 T cells than in CD8 T cells.
Complement 5A: Squeezed states of light: the reduction of quantum fluctuations (2010)

We showed in Section 5.2 of the present chapter that according to quantum theory the value of the electric field of an electromagnetic wave could not be predicted to arbitrarily high precision, this being a consequence of the uncertainty relation satisfied by the two quadrature components of the field (Equation 5.32), which imposed a finite limit on the product of their variances. This limit is more than an abstract theoretical limit; it is often the overriding factor determining the resolution of high-precision optical measurements. In such situations measurements by photodetectors on the field exhibit uncontrollable fluctuations of quantum origin known as quantum noise. Fortunately, as we shall show in this complement, it is possible to overcome this by using non-classical states of the radiation field, namely the squeezed states, provided measurements are made of a single one of a pair of conjugate field variables. A field mode prepared in such a state exhibits reduced quantum noise in one of the variables at the expense of increased noise in the other, so that the uncertainty relation involving their variances is still satisfied. The potential of such states for increasing the obtainable precision of optical measurements is self-evident. However, the practical realization of the potential benefits requires delicate experimental techniques that we describe only briefly here.
Multicast routing in satellite-terrestrial networks (1999)

Satellite-terrestrial networks, in which many nodes are interconnected by both satellite and terrestrial networks, can efficiently support multicast service. We have developed a dynamic routing algorithm for satellite-terrestrial network that selects the route to use according to the multicast group size when a node is added to the group.
The insulin resistance syndrome: physiological considerations (2007)

The insulin resistance syndrome, also referred to as the metabolic syndrome or syndrome X, is associated with a primary cellular defect in insulin action (insulin resistance) and a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. The combination of insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinaemia causes a number of metabolic and cardiovascular changes that result in a syndrome typically characterised by type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, coronary artery disease and hypertension. Moreover, disturbances in sleep (sleep apnoea) and ovarian dysfunction are also characterised by insulin resistance. The pathophysiological basis for these disturbances reflects the impact of variable genetic and environmental influences. At a molecular level, insulin resistance involves defects of insulin signalling such as reduced insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and reduced post-receptor phosphorylation steps that impinge on metabolic and vascular effects of insulin.