gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Language-specific effects in speaker and rate normalization (2002)

This study concerns the effects of context on the perception of Mandarin tones. Mandarin tones are primarily distinguished in terms of F0 range and temporal location of inflection point. The most relevant context effects therefore involve changes in speaker and speaking rate. In this study, we compared speaker and rate normalization of Mandarin tones 2 (mid–rising) and 3 (low–falling–rising) by Mandarin and English listeners. Synthetic tone 2–tone 3 continua varying in turning point (TP, the inflection point of the tone), ΔF0 (the difference in F0 between onset and turning point), or both were appended to natural precursor phrases representing high- and low-pitched speakers, as well as fast and slow speaking rates. Results of the rate experiments with Mandarin listeners confirmed that normalization occurs only when precursors and stimuli vary along the same acoustic dimension, a finding previously observed for speaker normalization [C. B. Moore and A. Jongman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 1864–1877 (1997)]. English speakers showed speaker and rate normalization effects as well, but only for the continuum in which TP and ΔF0 varied simultaneously. We propose that limitations on perceptual resources allow English listeners to attend to extrinsic information only when intrinsic acoustic differences become more perceptually salient.
Belinostat in Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (2020)

T-cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare indolent neoplasm primarily treated with immunosuppression. Few therapies and no consensus exist for the optimal treatment of T-cell LGL leukemia refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we report a case of relapsed/refractory T-cell LGL treated with belinostat. A 57-year-old male presented with lymphocytosis and anemia and was found to have T-cell LGL, requiring frequent packed red blood cell transfusions. He was initially treated with methotrexate with no response after 7 months. He was then switched to cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide and experienced transfusion independence for 42 months before disease relapse. He was then started on belinostat with noted subsequent transfusion independence for greater than 15 months to date and decreased disease involvement on bone marrow biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of belinostat use in relapsed/refractory T-cell LGL leukemia which resulted in a durable clinical and biologic response.
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and hepatic gene expression (1999)

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have profound effects on hepatic gene transcription leading to significant changes in lipid metabolism. PUFA rapidly suppress transcription of genes encoding specific lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes and induce genes encoding specific peroxisomal and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Using the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha)-null mouse, we showed that dietary PUFA induction of acyl CoA oxidase (AOX) and CYP4A2 require PPAR alpha. However, PPAR alpha is not required for the PUFA-mediated suppression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), S14, or L-pyruvate kinase (L-PK). Studies in primary rat hepatocytes and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed that metabolites of 20:4n-6, like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), suppress mRNA encoding FAS, S14, and L-PK through a Gi/Go-coupled signal transduction cascade. In contrast to adipocytes, 20:4n-6-mediated suppression of lipogenic gene expression in hepatic parenchymal cells does not require cyclooxygenase. Transfection analysis of S14CAT fusion genes in primary hepatocytes shows that peroxisome proliferator-activated PPAR alpha acts on the thyroid hormone response elements (-2.8/-2.5 kb). In contrast, both PGE2 and 20:4n-6 regulate factors that act on the proximal promoter (-150/-80 bp) region, respectively. In conclusion, PUFA affects hepatic gene transcription through at least three distinct mechanisms: (i) a PPAR-dependent pathway, (ii) a prostanoid pathway, and (iii) a PPAR and prostanoid-independent pathway. PUFA regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism involves an integration of these multiple pathways.
Effect of Aluminum and Silicon on Magnetic Properties and Microstructures of Fe-Cr-Ni-C-Al and Fe-Cr-Ni-C-Si Alloys (2003)

The magnetic properties and microstructures of Fe-17.5mass%Cr-2.0mass%Ni-0.5mass%C-a mass%Al (a = 0.04-2.38) and Fe-17.5mass%Cr-2.0mass%Ni-0.5mass%C-a mass%Si (a = 0.18-1.94) alloys were investigated in order to develop a magnetic material exhibiting high electric resistivity and softmagnetism when annealed at low temperatures, and paramagnetism when dissolution treated at high temperature. The addition of Al or Si was effective in increasing the electric resistivity, and improving the softmagnetism of the alloys step-annealed at 1053K and 923K. The improvement of the softmagnetism was discussed from the increase in the transformation temperature and variation of the microstructures. In the lower Al or Si content (≤0.7% Al or 1.6% Si), the alloys consisted of (α+ γ +M23C6) phases at 1053K, the first annealing temperature. The mole fraction of the γ phase decreased with increasing Al or Si content because of the increase in the Acl temperature. This change caused the decrease in the dislocation density due to the γ→α' transformation, and resulted in the improvement of the softmagnetism. On the other hand, most of the alloys were transformed to the paramagnetic γ phase by dissolution treatment at 1473K. However, the higher Al content alloys (≥1.91% Al) consisted of (γ + α) phases, and exhibited higher relative permeability than the others. This phenomenon was also interpreted from the increase in the transformation temperature with increasing Al content.
(Z)-5-(4-Fluorophenyl)pent-4-enoic Acid: A Precursor for Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of the Antihypercholesterolemia Agent Ezetimibe (2010)

A convenient and efficient total synthesis of ezetimibe, an intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor and useful anticholesteremic agent, is described. Based on (Z)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pent-4-enoic acid as a starting compound, and taking the synthesis through further Z-configured intermediates, the total yield is remarkably increased, compared with the use of the corresponding E-configured starting substances or intermediates.
A Study on Reference Microphone Selection for Multi-Microphone Speech Enhancement (2020)

Multi-microphone speech enhancement methods typically require a reference position with respect to which the target signal is estimated. Often, this reference position is arbitrarily chosen as one of the reference microphones. However, it has been shown that the choice of the reference microphone can have a significant impact on the final noise reduction performance. In this paper, we therefore theoretically analyze the impact of selecting a reference on the noise reduction performance with near-end noise being taken into account. Following the generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD) based optimal variable span filtering framework, we find that for any linear beamformer, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) taking both the near-end and far-end noise into account is reference dependent. Only when the near-end noise is neglected, the output SNR of rank-1 beamformers does not depend on the reference position. However, in general for rank-r beamformers with r > 1 (e.g., the multichannel Wiener filter) the performance does depend on the reference position. Based on these, we propose an optimal algorithm for microphone reference selection that maximizes the output SNR. In addition, we propose a lower-complexity algorithm that is still optimal for rank-1 beamformers, but sub-optimal for the general r > 1 rank beamformers. Experiments using a simulated microphone array validate the effectiveness of both proposed methods and show that in terms of quality, several dB can be gained by selecting the proper reference microphone.
Microcomputed tomography imaging of skeletal development and growth (2004)

Skeletogenesis is an exquisitely orchestrated and dynamic process, culminating in the formation of highly variable and complex mineralized structures that are optimized for their function. While cellular and molecular biology studies have provided tremendous recent progress toward understanding how patterns of bone formation are regulated, high resolution imaging techniques such as microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) can provide complementary quantitative information about the progressive changes in three-dimensional (3-D) skeletal morphology and density that occur during early skeletal development and postnatal growth. Furthermore, recently developed in vivo micro-CT systems promise to be a powerful and efficient tool for noninvasively monitoring normal skeletogenesis, as well as for evaluating the effects of genetic or environmental manipulation. This review focuses on the use of micro-CT imaging and analysis to better understand normal and abnormal skeletal development and growth.
Weak hydrogen bonds in cholamide inclusion crystals with aromatic guests (2008)

Poster Sessions (H2O) is essentially part of the crystal structure. Fe(II) ion having electronic configuration [Ar]3d 6 is in a high-spin state since both H2O and oxalate anion are weak field ligands (Moore 2004). Hence the electron configuration of Fe(II) ion is somewhat asymmetric that Fe(II)-polyhedron is vertically contracted by Jahn-Teller effect (Burns 1993). Bond-valence analysis (Brown 2002) of the crystal structure of Fe(II)-oxalate suggested that the polyhedral distortion gives rise to the strong hydrogen bond.
A selective method for the direct conversion of aldehydes into .beta.-keto esters with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by tin(II) chloride (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA selective method for the direct conversion of aldehydes into .beta.-keto esters with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by tin(II) chlorideChristopher R. Holmquist and Eric J. RoskampCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 14, 3258–3260Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00275a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00275a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5405Altmetric-Citations292LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Seasonal patterns of xylem sap pH, xylem abscisic acid concentration, leaf water potential and stomatal conductance of six evergreen and deciduous Australian savanna tree species (2002)

Deciduous trees of Australia’s northern savannas typically have less-negative leaf water potentials than evergreen species and their stomata are more sensitive to soil drought than those of evergreen species. This paper presents the first investigation of the role of xylem sap pH and abscisic acid content in explaining stomatal behaviour of Australian trees in the field. We measured stomatal conductance, leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference ( D ) and leaf water potential, xylem abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and xylem sap pH of evergreen, semideciduous and fully deciduous tree species in the field over a 15-month period. Measurements were made during both the wet and the dry seasons. Stomata closed in response to increasing D in both evergreen and deciduous species and were equally sensitive to increasing D or declining leaf water potential. Xylem ABA concentration increased with declining leaf water potential in evergreen and semi-deciduous species, but not deciduous species. Similarly, there was an inverse correlation between stomatal conductance and xylem ABA concentration. Xylem sap pH increased as leaf water potential declined from wet to dry season for evergreen and semi-deciduous species but not for deciduous species. Deciduous species had less-negative water potentials and lower xylem ABA concentrations than evergreen species or semi-deciduous species. We conclude that changes in xylem sap pH and ABA content do occur seasonally in the wet–dry tropics of Australia and that these changes influence stomatal conductance, but only in evergreen and semi-deciduous species. Deciduous species do not appear to modulate either of these chemical signals.
Prenatal stress enhances atherosclerosis and telomere shortening in ApoE knockout mouse offspring (2022)

Children born to women who experience stress during pregnancy have an increased risk of atherosclerosis in later life, but few animal models have explored mechanisms. To study this phenomenon, timed-bred ApoE knockout mice were determined pregnant with ultrasound and randomly assigned on <i>gestation day 8.5</i> to either a control (no stress) or prenatal stress (PS) group using 2 h of restraint for five consecutive days. PS significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels in pregnant mice. The litters from PS mice showed increased neonatal mortality within the first week of life. Body weights (at euthanasia) of adult offspring at 25 wk from the PS group were significantly increased compared with weights of controls. Adult offspring from these pregnancies were serially imaged with ultrasound to measure plaque thickness and were compared with plaque macroscopic and microscopic pathology. PS groups had increased plaque thickness determined by ultrasound, gross, histological evaluation and increased aortic root and valve macrophage infiltration at 25 wk. Five-week-old mice from PS group had significant decrease in mean arterial pressure, yet blood pressure normalized by 10 wk. As prenatal stress induced increased atherosclerosis, and telomeres are susceptible to stress, aortas from 10-wk-old mice were compared for telomere lengths and were found to be significantly shorter in PS mice compared with control mice. These studies support future investigation of how stress impacts telomere shortening in animal models and human aortas. This model could be further used to investigate the role of prenatal stress, telomere biology, and atherosclerosis pathogenesis in adults.
Performance variation of preamplifier integrated cross-phase modulation wavelength converter by internal reflectivity of semiconductor optical amplifiers (2003)

An analysis of a cross-phase modulation (XPM) wavelength converter integrated with preamplifers for increased input power dynamic range is reported. The performance of the preamplified wavelength converter can be deteriorated by the residual reflectivity of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) inside the converter. We investigate the trade-off relationship between the internal reflectivity of SOAs and the performance of the XPM wavelength converter with an integrated preamplifier through bit error rate (BER) calculation. The optimal physical and operating parameters of the preamplified XPM wavelength converter are proposed.
Feeding Behaviour of Vervet Monkeys on Acacia tortilis and Acacia xanthophloea: With Special Reference to Reproductive Strategies and Tannin Production (1981)

R. W. Wrangham, P. G. Waterman, Feeding Behaviour of Vervet Monkeys on Acacia tortilis and Acacia xanthophloea: With Special Reference to Reproductive Strategies and Tannin Production, Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Oct., 1981), pp. 715-731
First-Principles Investigation of Phase Stability in the O2-LiCoO2 System (2003)

A first-principles investigation of the phase stability in the O2-LiCoO2 system is performed to better understand the unusual layered phases obtained upon Li deintercalation (i.e., T#2 and O6). First-principles pseudopotential calculations within the local density approximation and thermodynamic models extracted from these calculations both show that two tetrahedral sites for the Li ions need to be considered in the T#2 structure for qualitative agreement with experiment to be obtained. Only when both tetrahedral sites in T#2 are considered is the experimentally observed two-phase O2/T#2 region predicted. This indicates that this structural phase transformation is induced by enhanced configurational entropy in the T#2 phase and not by a metal−insulator transition as was previously proposed. We also predict that two ordered compounds are stable at room temperature: Li1/4CoO2 in the O2 structure and Li1/3CoO2 in the O6 structure. We show that the formation of the O6 phase is not related to Li staging.
Causes of intrauterine fetal death are changing in recent years (2017)

The prevalence of IUFD due to fetal abnormalities was reduced, but IUFD associated with umbilical cord abnormalities tended to increase relatively.
Kalium carbonicum und die sogenannte Totalität der Symptome (1985)

In 53 der ersten Auflage des Organon stellt Hahnemann fest, daß die einzelnen Patienten mit einer Diagnose wie Gelbsucht oft nur ein einziges Symptom - die Gelbfärbung - gemeinsam haben, im übrigen aber grundverschiedene Krankheitsbilder aufweisen. Es sei deshalb unlogisch, auf dieses eine Symptom hin allen das gleiche Mittel zu verabfolgen. Nicht der Krankheitsname, sondern die Gesamtheit der Symptome des einzelnen Patienten bilden die Grundlage der Arzneimittelwahl. Diese homöopathische Grundwahrheit wurde immer wieder falsch verstanden. Auf der einen Seite brachten es die "Halbhomöopathen" aller Zeiten nicht fertig, von der Krankheitsdiagnose zum Einzelfall umzudenken, auf der anderen Seite verwechselten manche Theoretiker das oben erwähnte "eine Symptom" mit dem Schlüsselsymptom des Einzelfalles. Der Verfasser versucht, dieses Mißverständnis anhand eines eigenen Falles richtigzustellen.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/Si—C Activation Reaction for the Synthesis of Siloles. (2014)

Abstract A highly efficient and practical new synthetic strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse siloles, including the first examples of benzofuran siloles [(XI) and (XII)], is developed.
Modular over-the-wire configurable security for long-lived critical infrastructure monitoring systems (2009)

This paper presents a modular, software-based, over-the-wire configurable, end-to-end security architecture for critical infrastructure monitoring systems. The architecture provides mechanisms allowing it to evolve, during operation, over the long lifetimes typically encountered in these systems by allowing security modules to be securely added and replaced at runtime. Our security architecture addresses these systems' need for high-performance secure multi-cast with modules for confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and obfuscation. The variety of available modules provides tradeoffs between performance and security now and for the future. Experimental performance results for various existing modules, in the context of the architecture, are presented. To achieve long system lifetime a secure management system, using protocols based on symmetric-key cryptography, is described.
Protein Engineering and Proteases (1990)

1973年に遺伝子工学が誕生して以来, この十数年間に蓄積された遺伝子の構造一機能相関に関する情報量は当初の予想をはるかに上回るものである。一方, タンパク質工学 (protein engineering) という言葉が最近よく聞かれるが, 1981年にDREXLERが分子工学に関する論文でこの言葉を用いており, 1982年にWINTERとFERsHTが酵素の基質親和性改変を実験的に証明し, 1983年にULMERがその具体的意味付けと将来展望を提示することによって, 世界の関心を集めるに至った。ここでは, タンパク質工学とその背景技術について簡単に述べた後, 中性プロテアーゼおよびセリンプロテアーゼのタンパク質工学的改変例を示していただいた。
Introduction (2014)

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Actin accumulation associated with clustered and localized adherence in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhea (1994)

Escherichia coli D2 (serotype 07:H-) that was isolated from a child with diarrhea hybridized with an F1845 DNA probe used to detect diffuse adherence. Strain D2 adhered to tissue culture cells (HeLa and HEp-2 cells) in a clustered pattern but did not autoagglutinate on the cell surface and induced the elongation of microvilli after 3 h of incubation. After 6 h of incubation, the infected cells were positive for fluorescent-actin staining at the site of clustered adherence. When analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope, each D2 cell was surrounded by accumulated actin in a capsule-like formation. Capsule-like, accumulated actin was also observed with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), although in this case, actin accumulation was associated with EPEC microcolonies in a localized pattern. Four other strains of F1845 DNA probe-positive, diffusely adhering E. coli were negative for actin accumulation. Strain D2 did not hybridize with EPEC attaching and effacing DNA or EPEC adherence factor DNA probes. In addition, clustered D2 cells were found inside tissue culture cells. The data suggest a novel infectious mechanism as well as genetic heterogeneity of F1845 DNA probe-positive E. coli. Capsule-like, accumulated actin may protect the bacteria from host defense mechanisms.
A comparison of the concurrency features of Ada 95 and Java (1998)

Both Ada and Java support concurrent programming, but through quite different approaches. Ada has built-in tasking features with concurrency semantics, independent of the language's OOP model, whereas Java's thread support is based on special execution properties of methods in several predefined classes. Ada achieves mutual exclusion through protected objects with encapsulated components; Java relies on the classical "monitor" construct with "synchronized" methods. Ada models condition-based synchronization and communication through protected entries or through rendezvous; Java provides the somewhat low-level "wait" / "notification" methods. Both languages offer timing control; Ada additionally provides user-specifiable scheduling policies.
ChemInform Abstract: Linkage of Alkylidyne, Carbonyl, and Alkyne Ligands at a Tungsten Center: Formation of a Metallacyclopentadienone and of an η3‐Oxocyclobutenyl Complex. (1989)

Abstract The conversion of alkylidyne into alkylidene complexes, which is of interest in connection with the catalysis of acetylene polymerization, is demonstrated by the reaction of (I) with phenylacetylene (II).
Isolation of single cells for protein therapeutics using microwell selection and Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (2017)

Here the feasibility is demonstrated that by combining Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) and self-sorting microwell technology product secretion of individual cells can be monitored. Additionally isolation of the selected cells can be performed by punching the cells from the microwells using coordinates of the positions of microwells obtained with SPRi. Cells of interest can be retrieved sterile from the microwell array for further cultivation.