gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sol–gel synthesis and photoluminescence properties of spherical SiO2@LaPO4:Ce3+/Tb3+particles with a core–shell structure (2006)

LaPO4:Ce3+ and LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ phosphor layers have been deposited successfully on monodispersed and spherical SiO2 particles of different sizes (300, 500, 900 and 1200 nm) through a sol–gel process, resulting in the formation of core–shell structured SiO2@LaPO4:Ce3+/Tb3+ particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and general and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting SiO2@LaPO4:Ce3+/Tb3+ samples. The XRD results demonstrate that the LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ layers begin to crystallize on the SiO2 templates after annealing at 700 °C, and the crystallinity increases on raising the annealing temperature. The obtained core–shell phosphors have perfectly spherical shape with a narrow size distribution, non-agglomeration, and a smooth surface. The doped rare-earth ions show their characteristic emission in the core–shell phosphors, i.e. Ce3+ 5d–4f and Tb3+ 5D4–7FJ (J = 6–3) transitions, respectively. The PL intensity of the Tb3+ increased on increasing the annealing temperature and the SiO2 core particle size. The energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in SiO2@LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ core–shell particles was studied using the time-resolved emission spectra.
Complete phase-strain model for structurally embedded interferometric optical fiber sensors (1990)

The relation between a three-dimensional state of strain and the optical phase retardation in a single mode optical fiber is formalized. Neumann's strain optic relations are combined with weakly guiding fiber theory to develop an integral which relates the optical phase shift in a structurally embedded interferometric optical fiber strain sensor to the induced three dimensional strain field. The phase-strain integral is general in that it governs the phase shift in an arbitrarily configured optical fiber sensor experiencing a spatially varying three-dimensional strain field. It is shown that under the correct assumptions Butter and Hocker's [1] equation can be recovered. The phase-strain model is then used to predict the phase shift produced in a straight fiber sensor embedded in a uniaxial tension specimen when the fiber is aligned parallel and perpendicular to the direction of load. The solutions are used to assess the influence of the waveguide dispersion on the total optical phase shift. This process leads to a previously undisclosed waveguide dispersion term which contributes on the same order to the total strain induced phase retardation as does Butter and Hocker's [111 original term. Still, however, waveguide dispersion effects are found to be negligibly small, even in three dimensional loading. Finally, it is shown that in certain cases, the Butter and Hocker's [1] equation and the complete phase-strain model developed herein can give very similar results when both are applied to embedded sensors. This anomaly can lead to the false conclusion that Butter and Hocker's results are equally valid for arbitrary embedded sensors.
Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on rectal distension (RD)-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric emptying of solids was assessed in 12 dogs chronically implanted with a duodenal cannula by collecting samples at different time points from the cannula and measuring the dried weights of the samples. Bethanechol and atropine were used to qualitatively validate the method. In separate experiments, gastric emptying of solids was measured in a number of sessions: control, RD, RD + sham-EA, RD + EA of 6 mA, RD + EA of 3 mA, and RD + EA + naloxone. The method of gastric emptying by collecting and drying gastric chyme from the duodenal cannula was found to be accurate and reliable. Using the method, we found gastric emptying to be accelerated with bethanechol (70.01 ± 8.10% vs. 82.61 ± 4.15%, P = 0.04, vs. control) and delayed with atropine (4.31 ± 1.57%, P < 0.001, vs. control). RD substantially and significantly delayed gastric emptying. EA, but not sham-EA, attenuated delayed gastric emptying induced by RD (sham-EA: 48.79 ± 9.47% vs. EA: 74.28 ± 5.96%, P < 0.01). The effect was more potent with EA of 6 mA than EA of 3 mA and blocked by naloxone. EA is able to attenuate RD-induced delay in gastric emptying of solids, and this ameliorating effect may be mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have a therapeutic potential for treating delayed gastric emptying attributed to lower gut distension.
Placental mitochondrial DNA content is associated with childhood intelligence (2019)

We provide the first evidence that placental mtDNA content is associated with childhood intelligence. This emphasizes the importance of placental mitochondrial function during in utero life on fetal brain development with long-lasting consequences.
Detection of Lamb Waves in a Composite Plate Using Embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings (2006)

An embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) ultrasonic Lamb-Wave sensor has been experimentally investigated, showing very good correlation with piezoelectric sensors and surface-attached FBGs. Dispersion and directional effects were measured and defects were identified and located.
Notting Hill Carnival 1988. (1989)

The injuries sustained at the 1988 Notting Hill Carnival were documented in order to suggest ways in which these might be reduced in future years. Sixty-four patients presented to six hospitals participating in the study over a 48-h period, most of whom were victims of accidents (63%) rather than assaults (37%). Many of the accidents were caused by motorized floats or by stepping on broken glass.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Nanoribbons (2012)

This work proposes that zigzag graphene and graphane nanoribbons with alternating Lewis-acid and Lewis-base edge substituents can act as “frustrated Lewis pairs” (FLPs), with potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis and sensing. The nanoribbon scaffold prevents (frustrates) intramolecular Lewis pairing. Edge substitutents prevent inter-ribbon pairing and tune the Lewis acidity/basicity. Computational evidence suggests that graphene and graphane FLPs are synthetically feasible semiconductors, with heterolytic H2 splitting activity potentially comparable to molecular FLPs. These new materials show potential for extending FLPs to heterogeneous catalysis, coupling catalytic, electronic, and sensing activity on the nanoscale.
Solder paste with polymerizing flux for lead-free solder alloy (2001)

Environmental concerns are driving the development of lead-free solder alloys and VOC-free soldering fluxes. The primary problem is that lead-free solder alloys are generally worse in wettability than Sn-Pb eutectic solder alloys. This paper describes a new solder paste that improves the wettability of lead-free solder alloys and provides the VOC-free flux without the volatile solvent, requirement of the flux cleaning. This solder paste is comprised lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys and polymerizing flux that consists of liquid epoxy resins, polyfunctional carboxylic acids, and polyfunctional alcohols. The polyfunctional carboxylic acids and the alcohols of the flux coincidentally react with the liquid epoxy resins and are activated during the reflow process. The relationship of wettability and the reaction temperature of the flux were examined. From the results obtained through our experiments, it was found that some solder pastes showed good wettability in a non-reductive atmosphere and low density of the void dispersion in the solder layer. During the reflow, the flux is polymerized without VOC. Even though this solder paste is applied without post-cleaning, the flux-residue is only epoxy resin and it does not prevent adhesion between printed wiring boards and molding compounds. The insulation reliability test was for copper ionic migration conducted under high temperature(85 °C) and high humidity(85%). Results showed that ionic migration was not observed until after 168 hours.
Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data (2016)

Modern mobile devices have access to a wealth of data suitable for learning models, which in turn can greatly improve the user experience on the device. For example, language models can improve speech recognition and text entry, and image models can automatically select good photos. However, this rich data is often privacy sensitive, large in quantity, or both, which may preclude logging to the data center and training there using conventional approaches. We advocate an alternative that leaves the training data distributed on the mobile devices, and learns a shared model by aggregating locally-computed updates. We term this decentralized approach Federated Learning. We present a practical method for the federated learning of deep networks based on iterative model averaging, and conduct an extensive empirical evaluation, considering five different model architectures and four datasets. These experiments demonstrate the approach is robust to the unbalanced and non-IID data distributions that are a defining characteristic of this setting. Communication costs are the principal constraint, and we show a reduction in required communication rounds by 10-100x as compared to synchronized stochastic gradient descent.
Influence of interaction energy between Si‐doped diamond‐like carbon films and bacteria on bacterial adhesion under flow conditions (2009)

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, especially modified DLC films with doped elements as biomaterials for medical devices have been attracting great interest. In this article, the bacterial adhesion behavior on DLC films, Si-doped DLC films, and stainless steel 316L was investigated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 33347, which frequently causes medical device-associated infections. This was done under laminar flow conditions in a flow chamber at 37 degrees C. The contact angles of the coatings and the biofilm were measured. Polar liquids of distilled water and ethylene glycol, and apolar liquid of diiodomethane were used as a probe for surface free energy calculations. The electron donor component gamma(-) of surface energy of Si-doped DLC films increased with increasing the silicon content in the DLC films. The experimental results showed that the surface energy of the coatings and the interaction energy between the coatings and bacteria in water had significant influences on bacterial adhesion. The extended DLVO theory was used to explain the adhesion behavior.
Supercharging Synthetic Polymers: Mass Spectrometric Access to Nonpolar Synthetic Polymers (2017)

We report a mass spectrometric access route to analyze nonpolar poorly ionizing synthetic polymers exploiting supercharging technology by chloride attachment via high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESI MS). The novel mass spectrometric procedure allows for the characterization of polyhydrocarbons, which include hardly ionizable polymers such as poly(styrene) (PS) (ranging from 1700 to 18 000 g mol–1) and—for the first time reported using ESI as ionization method—poly(1,4-butadiene) (PBD) (ranging from 1000 to 10 000 g mol–1). The method is also applied to additional synthetic polymers including poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). The powerful chloride attachment enables the detection of multiply charged polyhydrocarbons (up to quadruply charged). A systematic assessment of the manipulation of these charge states using supercharging agents (sulfolane, propylene carbonate, and m-nitrobenzyl alcohol) is carried out. Our investigations include an assessment of the influence of different ESI solvents (water, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and methanol), water-doped organic ESI solvents, and the amount of supercharging agent.
Detailed analysis of polymer response to delivery balloon expansion of drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents (2013)

Balloon expansion of first- and second-generation DES disturbs the polymer surface and can cause detachment of microparticles; each is functionally related to the specific polymer but not to expansion condition. Disturbance "roughness" and detached microparticles may contribute to DES limitations.
Suppression of NF-κB-mediated β-defensin gene expression in the mammalian airway by the Bordetella type III secretion system (2004)

Expression of innate immune genes such as beta-defensins is induced in airway epithelium by bacterial components via activation of NF-kappaB. We show here that live Gram-negative bacteria can similarly stimulate this pathway, resulting in upregulation of the beta-defensin tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) in primary cultures of bovine tracheal epithelial cells (TECs), by a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated pathway. The Gram-negative airway pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica possesses a type III secretion system previously suggested to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in a cell line by immunohistochemistry. We therefore hypothesized that this pathogen might interfere in the innate immune response of the epithelium. Exposure of TECs to wild-type B. bronchiseptica suppressed the activation of NF-kappaB and the subsequent induction of TAP mRNA levels, whereas a type III secretion-defective strain did not. These results suggest a mechanism for bacterial evasion of the innate immune response in the airway, which could allow for the observed persistent colonization of this pathogen.
Risk Factors of Neuropathic Pain after Total Hip Arthroplasty (2018)

THA was useful for relieving nociceptive pain and for relieving NP in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Preoperative pain was a risk factor for NP after THA. Controlling preoperative pain may be effective for reducing postoperative NP.
Higher Usual Energy Intake, Body Mass, Body Mass Index, and Fat Free Mass Index Are Associated with Lower Attrition from an Arduous Military Selection Course (P23-005-19) (2019)

To determine whether usual energy intake and body composition are associated with attrition from an arduous military selection course characterized by energy deficit and strenuous physical events, including fitness tests, loaded road marches, runs, land navigation, and an obstacle course. Energy intake and body composition were assessed in U.S. Army Soldiers (n = 776) at the start of a military assessment and selection course. Usual energy intake (kcal) over the previous year was estimated from a 127-item Block food frequency questionnaire. Body composition measures, including body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI, body mass in kg/height in m2), fat free mass index (FFMI, fat free mass in kg/height in m2), and fat mass index (FMI, fat mass in kg/height in m2) were assessed by calibrated scale and 3-site skinfold caliper measures. Associations between energy intake, body composition, and demographics were determined with analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to determine likelihood of attrition [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] based on quartiles of energy intake and body composition. Models were adjusted for age, education, duration of aerobic exercise, duration of strength training, smoking status, and smokeless tobacco use. Soldiers that were younger (18–24 y), engaged in longer duration of aerobic exercise (≥200 min/wk) and strength training (≥400 min/wk), had more education (≥some college), and were smokeless tobacco users had higher energy intakes (P < 0.05). Higher energy intake was associated with higher body mass and FFMI (P < 0.05). After adjustment, Soldiers with higher energy intake, body mass, BMI, and FFMI were less likely to fail the strenuous course (Q1 vs. Q2, Q3, and Q4: OR range = 0.25–0.54; 95% CI lower bound range = 0.15–0.33; 95% CI upper bound range = 0.46–0.87). FMI was not associated with attrition. Optimization of body composition by adequate consumption of calories prior to a physically demanding military selection course may be associated with reduced attrition. Supported by U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense.
Low-complexity R-peak detection for ambulatory fetal monitoring (2012)

Non-invasive fetal health monitoring during pregnancy is becoming increasingly important because of the increasing number of high-risk pregnancies. Despite recent advances in signal-processing technology, which have enabled fetal monitoring during pregnancy using abdominal electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, ubiquitous fetal health monitoring is still unfeasible due to the computational complexity of noise-robust solutions. In this paper, an ECG R-peak detection algorithm for ambulatory R-peak detection is proposed, as part of a fetal ECG detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is optimized to reduce computational complexity, without reducing the R-peak detection performance compared to the existing R-peak detection schemes. Validation of the algorithm is performed on three manually annotated datasets. With a detection error rate of 0.23%, 1.32% and 9.42% on the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia and in-house maternal and fetal databases, respectively, the detection rate of the proposed algorithm is comparable to the best state-of-the-art algorithms, at a reduced computational complexity.
Mobile phones are hazardous microbial platforms warranting robust public health and biosecurity protocols (2022)

Advancements in technology and communication have revolutionised the twenty-first century with the introduction of mobile phones and smartphones. These phones are known to be platforms harbouring microbes with recent research shedding light on the abundance and broad spectrum of organisms they harbour. Mobile phone use in the community and in professional sectors including health care settings is a potential source of microbial dissemination. To identify the diversity of microbial genetic signature present on mobile phones owned by hospital medical staff. Twenty-six mobile phones of health care staff were swabbed. DNA extraction for downstream next generation sequencing shotgun metagenomic microbial profiling was performed. Survey questionnaires were handed to the staff to collect information on mobile phone usage and users' behaviours. Each of the 26 mobile phones of this study was contaminated with microbes with the detection of antibiotic resistance and virulent factors. Taken together the sum of microbes and genes added together across all 26 mobile phones totalised 11,163 organisms (5714 bacteria, 675 fungi, 93 protists, 228 viruses, 4453 bacteriophages) and 2096 genes coding for antibiotic resistance and virulent factors. The survey of medical staff showed that 46% (12/26) of the participants used their mobile phones in the bathroom. Mobile phones are vectors of microbes and can contribute to microbial dissemination and nosocomial diseases worldwide. As fomites, mobile phones that are not decontaminated may pose serious risks for public health and biosecurity.
Monolayer organic thin films as contamination resistant coatings in optical elements (2021)

Silica substrates coated with organic thin films were exposed to stainless steel and silica micro-particles to determine the effectiveness in preventing particle contamination and cleaning efficiency by air flows. Three specially designed monolayers coatings were developed and tested. Laser induced damage tests were conducted to confirm that the coatings do not affect the LIDT values. The results suggest that although the accumulation of particles is not significantly affected, the coated substrates exhibit significantly improved cleaning efficiency with air flow. A size distribution analysis was conducted to study the adsorption and cleaning efficiency of particles of different sizes.
Application of a Reverse Genetic System for Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus to Study Rz1 Resistance Response in Sugar Beet (2020)

<i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> (BNYVV) is causal agent of rhizomania disease, which is the most devastating viral disease in sugar beet production leading to a dramatic reduction in beet yield and sugar content. The virus is transmitted by the ubiquitous distributed soil-borne plasmodiophoromycete <i>Polymyxa betae</i> that infects the root tissue of young sugar beet plants. <i>Rz1</i> is the major resistance gene widely used in most sugar beet varieties to control BNYVV. The strong selection pressure on the virus population promoted the development of strains that can overcome <i>Rz1</i> resistance. Resistance-breaking has been associated with mutations in the RNA3-encoded pathogenicity factor P25 at amino acid positions 67-70 (tetrad) as well as with the presence of an additional RNA component (RNA5). However, respective studies investigating the resistance-breaking mechanism by a reverse genetic system are rather scarce. Therefore, we studied <i>Rz1</i> resistance-breaking in sugar beet using a recently developed infectious clone of BNYVV A-type. A vector free infection system for the inoculation of young sugar beet seedlings was established. This assay allowed a clear separation between a susceptible and a <i>Rz1</i> resistant genotype by measuring the virus content in lateral roots at 52 dpi. However, mechanical inoculation of sugar beet leaves led to the occurrence of genotype independent local lesions, suggesting that <i>Rz1</i> mediates a root specific resistance toward BNYVV that is not active in leaves. Mutation analysis demonstrated that different motifs within the P25 tetrad enable increased virus replication in roots of the resistant genotype. The resistance-breaking ability was further confirmed by the visualization of BNYVV in lateral roots and leaves using a fluorescent-labeled complementary DNA clone of RNA2. Apart from that, reassortment experiments evidenced that RNA5 enables <i>Rz1</i> resistance-breaking independent of the P25 tetrad motif. Finally, we could identify a new resistance-breaking mutation, which was selected by high-throughput sequencing of a clonal virus population after one host passage in a resistant genotype. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the reverse genetic system for resistance-breaking analysis and illustrates the genome plasticity of BNYVV allowing the virus to adapt rapidly to sugar beet resistance traits.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactions of Omeprazole and Omeprazole Analogues. Part 4. Reactions of Compounds of the Omeprazole System with 2‐Mercaptoethanol. (1989)

Abstract The kinetics of the formation of (III) and (IV) from omeprazole (I) are studied at several pH values.
[Specific anti-glioma angiogenesis immune response induced by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2]. (2005)

Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing VEGFR2 gene can break immunologic tolerance against self-VEGFR2 antigen, and specifically kill glioblastoma vascular endothelial cells by inducing specific anti-VEGFR2 immunoreaction.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Interaction of Integrin-Linked Kinase and Miniature Chromosome Maintenance 7–Mediating Integrin α7 Induced Cell Growth Suppression (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Interaction of Integrin-Linked Kinase and Miniature Chromosome Maintenance 7–Mediating Integrin α7 Induced Cell Growth Suppression
Depression of Complement Regulatory Factors in Rat and Human Renal Grafts Is Associated with the Progress of Acute T-Cell Mediated Rejection (2016)

We conclude that the expression of Cregs in allografts is connected with ATCMR. Our results suggest that controlling complement activation in renal grafts can be a new strategy for the treatment of ATCMR.