gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Wideband Dual-Circularly-Polarized Shared-Aperture Reflectarrays With a Single Functional Substrate for K-/Ka-Band Applications (2022)

We report, here, the design and experiments of dual-wideband dual-circularly polarized (dual-CP) shared-aperture reflectarrays (RAs) operating at the K-/Ka-band utilizing a single functional substrate. By coupling the adjacent but separated resonances of the H-shaped aperture and circular patch, and utilizing the shorted microstrip phase delay lines, the proposed RA cells can offer wideband performance. Then, these RA cells are interleaved in a shared aperture for the dual-band operation. By combining the dynamic phase and Berry phase compensation techniques, the RA cells can independently control the reflective phase delay of orthogonal CP beams at both of the targeted bands, providing four degrees of freedom for beamforming. The diffractive property of an infinite periodic gradient array of the interleaved K- and Ka- band cells is investigated, which verifies the wideband performance of the proposed cells. Two RAs with a thin panel thickness of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.27\lambda _{K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the K-band) are fabricated and characterized, generating symmetrically and asymmetrically distributed dual-wideband dual-CP beams at the K-/Ka-band, respectively. The measured bandwidths for the two RAs are wider than 14.1% for the K-band right-handed CP (RHCP)/left-handed CP (LHCP) beams and about 11% for the Ka- band RHCP/LHCP beams with both the gain variation and axial ratio of smaller than 2 dB.
Initial experience with optical-CT scanning of RadBall Dosimeters (2010)

The RadBall dosimeter is a novel device for providing 3-D information on the magnitude and distribution of contaminant sources of unknown radiation in a given hot cell, glovebox, or contaminated room. The device is presently under evaluation by the National Nuclear Lab (NNL, UK) and the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL, US), for application as a diagnostic device for such unknown contaminants in the nuclear industry. A critical component of the technique is imaging the dose distribution recorded in the RadBall using optical-CT scanning. Here we present our initial investigations using the Duke Mid-sized Optical-CT Scanner (DMOS) to image dose distributions deposited in RadBalls exposed to a variety of radiation treatments.
Comparative analysis of phenol-soluble modulin production and Galleria mellonella killing by community-associated and healthcare-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (2016)

Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have emerged globally and have been associated with more severe disease than healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory measures of virulence can distinguish dominant CA-MRSA clones from HA-MRSA clones. We compared the production of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) and ability to kill Galleria mellonella caterpillars for a range of CA- and HA-MRSA strains. Twenty-two HA-MRSA strains [ST22-IV (EMRSA-15), ST36-II (EMRSA-16) and ST239-III] and 26 CA-MRSA strains [ST1-IV (PVL+ USA400), ST1-IV (PVL-), ST8-IV (USA300), ST22-IV (PVL+), ST30-IV, ST59-IV and ST80-IV] were analysed. PSM production was measured using and compared using t-tests and ANOVA. A G mellonella (caterpillar) pathogenicity model was performed, and differences were compared using survival analysis and the log-rank test. There was no significant difference in overall PSM production between HA and CA strains (P=0.090), but there was significant variation between clones (P=0.003). G. mellonella caterpillar killing varied significantly by clone (P<0.001), and overall killing was greater for HA compared with CA clones (P=0.007). The increased acute virulence phenotype of CA-MRSA clones in humans is not associated with increased PSM production in vitro or increased killing in an in vivo caterpillar pathogenicity model.
A TRANSITION OF LAND RECLAMATION POLICY IN JAPAN (2002)

In Japan, the total area of the land which has been reclaimed from the sea since the dawn of history is estimated to be about 1, 900 km2, that is 1.5% of the habitable area in our country. Although land reclamation provides us important places to support our social and economic activities, there are problemsto be solved; how to conserve the environment and how to make a consensus among the people when reclamation works are going to be undertaken.This report classifies the points of view to make a conccnsus among the stakehoders who are concemed to the reclamation, and also introduces technical measures to solve the problems.
Analysis of the Frequency Characteristic of the Ear below 1000 cps (1959)

The available experimental data show that the mechanical system of the ear cannot fully account for the dependence of the threshold of audibility on sound frequency. Neural phenomena must be involved. Recently, a quantitative analysis of the threshold curve at frequencies below 1000 cps became possible, due to the determination of the effect of sound frequency on the temporal auditory integration. Such a determination is possible with the help of short pulses. As a consequence of the high damping of the ear, the pulse frequency can be varied in a wide range without noticeably affecting the transmission of the pusles to the sensory cells. It can be shown within the experimental error that three factors are responsible for the shape of the threshold curve at frequencies below 1000 cps. They are the sound transmission in the ear, the neural excitability, and the neural integration. (Investigation supported by a research grant PHS B-1559 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Public Health Service.)
Assumptions were confusing (1995)

EDITOR,—We have performed economic evaluations of prophylaxis against hepatitis A in travellers, and two of R H Behrens and J A Roberts's main conclusions1 are in line with our findings2 3—namely, that hepatitis A vaccination is not cost saving for the average traveller and that vaccination becomes more cost effective than immunisation with human immunoglobulin when the expected frequency of travel exceeds two occasions in the …
Fully integrated microwave reflectometers in multi-layer microstrip-slot technology for ultra wideband applications (2008)

2008 17th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, MIKON 2008
Application of a floating well concept to a latch-up-free, low-cost, smart power high-side switch technology (1993)

An original design methodology that permits implementing latch-up-free smart power circuits on a very simple, cost-effective technology is presented. The basic concept used for this purpose is letting float the wells of the MOS transistors most susceptible to initiate latch-up.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ventricular Radius Reduction Without Resection (1999)

Reducing a dilated left ventricle's radius by wedge resection lowers wall stress, improving performance. However, compliance falls, stroke volume improvement is limited, and, later, both functional deterioration and serious dysrhythmias are frequent. These all may result from loss of circumference,
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ AND BOND RATIOS IN CYCLIC SULFUR‐NITROGEN COMPOUNDS ‐ MOLECULAR ORIBITAL CONSIDERATIONS (1981)

Abstract Die Strukturen der meisten mono‐ und bicyclischen S‐N‐Verbindungen lassen sich auf der Grundlage eines MO‐Modells durch Anwendung von Argumenten aus der Störungstheorie erklären.
Administration of total parenteral nutrition in pigeons (1994)

Venous access devices connected to jugular vein catheters were implanted SC in 2 groups of 6 White Carneau pigeons (Columba livia). Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), or a control solution (lactated Ringer's solution) was infused as a bolus 4 times daily. Physiologic, hematologic, and biochemical variables were monitored over 5 days. Complications in the TPN-treated pigeons included 8.7% weight loss during the 5-day trial, hyperglycemia for up to 90 minutes after infusion, and glucosuria after infusion. Control pigeons lost 1.3% of their body weight and did not become hyperglycemic or glucosuric after infusion. Hematocrit in both groups of pigeons decreased to a value slightly below published reference values for pigeons. Five pigeons developed venous thrombosis in the proximal part of the cranial vena cava. Results indicated that intermittent administration of TPN is possible in birds; however, further research is required to develop better techniques for administration of TPN solutions. Additionally, it is important to determine, more specifically, the caloric and nutrient requirements of pigeons under stress and receiving TPN.
Muscle-specific BCL2 expression ameliorates muscle disease in laminin α2-deficient, but not in dystrophin-deficient, mice (2005)

To examine the role of apoptosis in neuromuscular disease progression, we have determined whether pathogenesis in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) and laminin alpha2-deficient (Lama2-null) mice is ameliorated by overexpression of the anti-apoptosis protein BCL2 in diseased muscles. The mdx mice are a model for the human disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and the Lama2-null mice are a model for human congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A). For these studies, we generated transgenic mice that overexpressed human BCL2 under control of muscle-specific MyoD or MRF4 promoter fragments. We then used cross-breeding to introduce the transgenes into diseased mdx or Lama2-null mice. In mdx mice, we found that overexpression of BCL2 failed to produce any significant differences in muscle pathology. In contrast, in the Lama2-null mice, we found that muscle-specific expression of BCL2 led to a several-fold increase in lifespan and an increased growth rate. Thus, BCL2-mediated apoptosis appears to play a significant role in pathogenesis of laminin alpha2 deficiency, but not of dystrophin deficiency, suggesting that therapies designed to ameliorate disease by inhibition of apoptosis are more likely to succeed in MDC1A than in DMD.
Responses to heat of C-fiber nociceptors in monkey are altered by injury in the receptive field but not by adjacent injury (1988)

We sought to determine the effects of a cut injury on the thermal responsiveness of C-fiber nociceptors sensitive to heat and mechanical stimuli (CMHs). Teased fiber techniques were used to record from single CMHs that innervated the hairy skin of the monkey arm. Responses to heat stimuli ranging from 41 to 49 degrees C were compared before and after injury. In 11 CMHs, the injury was applied 4 mm peripheral to the edge of the receptive field. The response to the heat sequence was not significantly altered by this adjacent injury. In 16 CMHs, a cut was applied directly to the receptive field. This direct injury led to a significant increase in response to the sequence of heat stimuli (i.e., sensitization). It is concluded that spreading sensitization of C-fiber nociceptors to a cut injury does not occur in monkey.
BDIGGY: a cognitive architecture for cooperative problem solving (2003)

This article deals with a human model of cooperative problem solving based on a psychological experiment. Our main goal is to improve the design of open multi-agent systems able to interact with humans. We aim at analyzing, modeling and simulating human capabilities of planning and interacting in a cooperative problem solving context. This paper goes on to present an original architecture called BDIGGY where interaction and planning are linked homogeneously.
Medetomidine-induced alterations of intraocular pressure and contraction of the nictitating membrane. (1991)

The alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, medotomidine (MED), was examined for effects on: (1) intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal and sympathectomized (SX) rabbits; (2) IOP in normal rabbits pretreated with the alpha-2 antagonist idazoxan; (3) contractions of the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) elicited by nerve stimulation and intra-arterial (IA) norepinephrine. Unilateral topical administration of MED (7.5-75 micrograms) caused dose-dependent, bilateral IOP reduction in normal eyes, but MED (25 micrograms) had no appreciable hypotensive activity in SX eyes. The ocular hypotensive effect of MED (25 micrograms) was antagonized by treatment with idazoxan (100 micrograms, bilaterally), a relatively selective alpha-2 antagonist. MED and dexmedetomidine (DMED) also inhibited frequency-related contractions of CNM induced by electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Rauwolscine (100 micrograms, IA) shifted the MED dose response in the CNM to the right indicative competitive antagonism, whereas SK&F 104078 (300 micrograms, IA), a relatively dose-selective postjunctional alpha-2 antagonist, had no effect on DMED suppression. These results show that MED lowers IOP in part, by interacting with alpha-2 adrenoceptors located on sympathetic nerve endings. An effect of MED on imidazoline sites may also be possible.
Self-activated, self-limiting reactions on Si surfaces (2009)

The direct thermally activated reactions of oxygen and ammonia with Si surfaces in furnaces have been used for a very long time in the semiconductor industry for the growth of thick oxides and nitride layers respectively. The oxidation mechanism was described in the Deal-Grove model as a diffusion limited transport of oxygen to the oxide/silicon interface. For thin oxides the deal-Grove growth rate is initially constant, but for ultrathin oxides (a couple of nm thick) this is not true and the Deal-Grove model does not explain the mechanism. In a series of recent reports we have found a new mechanism for the direct growth of ultrathin films (0-3 nm) of oxides and nitrides under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Neutral oxygen and a microwave excited nitrogen plasma interact directly with Si surfaces kept at different temperatures during the reaction. The gas pressures are around 10<sup>-6</sup> Torr, and the temperatures vary from room temperature to 1000<sup>0</sup>C.The growth is in these cases self-limiting, with the optimal oxide thickness around 0.7-0.8 nm, at 500<sup>0</sup>C, and up to a few nm for nitride. The self-limiting oxide case was recently predicted by Alex Demkov in a structural optimization to minimise the total energy of an oxide system, which happened for an ordered structure, at a thickness of 0.7-0.8 nm. Thus this thin oxide structure has definite crystalline features. We have closely monitored the reaction kinetics with normal x-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopies, and also the structure, composition and electrical properties of the system, with surface sensitive, high resolution core level photoelectron spectroscopy. The growth kinetics is well fitted by a Hill function, with parameters, which give information about the character of the process. <em>This function describes a self-activated process.</em> Thus the impact in the surface region of oxygen or nitrogen is to enhance the further uptake. The process also has the character of being ballistic, without any intermediate surface adsorption, and it is self-limiting. The ultrathin oxide formed has crystalline characteristics, in contrast to the normal case for thicker oxides, which are always amorphous (except near the interface, where some coordination with the underlying surface is inevitable). For the nitrides, the structure becomes ordered, with microcrystalline or even single crystal (epitaxial) characteristics for the Si (111) surface, when growing above 500<sup>0</sup>C.
Circularized Visualisation of Genetic Interactions (2017)

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has been a powerful tool to investigate gene networks in biological sciences [1]. Visualisation of data produced by NGS is essential for the interpretation of the findings by biological scientists. Here we describe a workflow to image findings from a NGS sequencing methodology to investigate gene expression that can be visualised with Circus software [2]. Visualisation of these processes has provided biological scientists with valuable interpretation of high throughput data and identification of new transcripts.
Pathological Features of Experimental Bovine Leukaemia Viral (BLV) Infection in Rats and Rabbits (2012)

Abstract Rabbits and rats were inoculated with material derived from FLK cells producing permanently bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The viral presence in the inoculum was proved by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunogold labelling demonstrating viral Tax protein, and PCR analysis. About 30 % of the infected animals sustained BLV seropositivity during the experiment, and demonstrated symptoms of lympholeukaemia - clinical manifestation of an immunosuppressive condition, increased number of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts, and preneoplastic lymphoid cell accumulations in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes. BLV DNA, detected by PCR in diseased animals, indicates the role of BLV as an aetiological factor of lympholeukaemia, developed in these animals after BLV infection. The alterations in rats were more pronounced than those in rabbits. The results prove that these two species of laboratory animals, especially rats, are suitable models for the in vivo studies of leukaemogenesis caused by BLV/HTLV infections.
Reactivity of a tuff-bearing concrete: CL-40 CON-14 (1989)

Samples of a tuff-bearing concrete have been altered in J-13 groundwater and in the vapor phase over deionized water at 200{degree}C. Crushed and intact discs of the concrete have been studied. The glassy tuff component of the tuff was more extensively reacted than the welded devitrified tuff. The original concrete was formulated to be expansive on curing through the formation of the calcium alumino-sulfate hydrate phase, ettringite. An x-ray diffraction examination of the altered crushed samples shows that the ettringite is no longer present. The original, poorly crystalline calcium-silicate-hydrate has recrystallized to tobermorite. In the rocking autoclave experiments with crushed material, which are the experiments expected to have the fastest reaction rates, the tobermorite has been replaced by a mineral of the gyrolite-truscottite group at the longer reaction times. The disc experiments in J-13 groundwater are characterized by prominent dissolution of the tuff aggregate. Alteration in the vapor phase experiments is primarily in the form of overgrowths on the discs. 10 refs., 27 figs., 12 tabs.
Optical signal processing using AWGs (2014)

Design guidelines are provided for AWGs that perform the discrete and the fractional Fourier transforms, to generate subcarriers in all-optical OFDM and dense OFDM systems. An accurate modelling evidences the different functionalities of the device components.
Road map to the stars: teaching an integrated approach to energy conserving design (1981)

An understanding of the trade-offs between building interior illumination strategies, daylight and/or artifical, and heating and cooling requirements has received an increasing amount of attention. Architects have begun to rekindle an interest in articulating a delicate balance of the simultaneous visual and thermal effects of the sun's rays. The tradition of teaching architecture students about these subjects has accurately reflected the architectural professions abdication of interest and influence to specialist consultants and engineers. As architects reassert their design influence, so is architectural education responding with like concerns. Building on two premises: information must be transfered both experientially and didactically for the greatest amount of longterm learning to occur; the integrated quality of sunlight/daylight, heat and light, should be experienced simultaneously to best transfer students' design awareness of the experience of light; an integrated luminous and thermal approach to energy conserving design has been organized. The approach is documented through one student's work in one of several teaching formats, graduate architecture studio, that have been offered.
Characterization of the cross-talk SAR image produced by the cross-polarization in a single offset parabolic reflector (2015)

Multiple calibration methods based on comparing measured data with theoretical model of natural targets have been studied for polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). These methods determine the correlation between co- and cross- polarized channels which is associated to a non perfect isolation, i.e. cross-talk. There are cases in which these calibration methods cannot be used, this happens with the crosspolar component of the radiation pattern of reflector antennas. This component is uncorrelated with the co-polarized channels what is investigated in this paper. The antenna configuration studied consists of a single offset parabolic reflector with a digitized feed. The current cross-polarization level required in the antenna pattern for a polarimetric SAR system must be defined according to the cross-talk requirements in the image. This paper shows the characterization of the cross polar level of the antenna in the processed SAR image.
Zwitterionicversusorganic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes with mixed anions: probing the unique physicochemical and electrolyte properties (2022)

Novel solid-state electrolytes based on zwitterionic plastic crystals with Li salts are reported and their application in Li batteries demonstrated. Their properties are compared with those of analogous plastic crystal/Li salt systems.
Solar Sail Kinetic Energy Impactor Trajectory Optimization for an Asteroid-Deflection Mission (2007)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
In-Depth Study of Laser Diode Ablation of Kapton Polyimide for Flexible Conductive Substrates (2018)

This work presents a detailed study of the photothermal ablation of Kapton<sup>®</sup> polyimide by a laser diode targeting its electrical conductivity enhancement. Laser-treated samples were structurally characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), as well as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The results show that the laser-assisted ablation constitutes a simple one-step and environmental friendly method to induce graphene-derived structures on the surface of polyimide films. The laser-modified surface was also electrically characterized through the Transmission Line Method (TLM) aiming at the improvement of the conductivity of the samples by tuning the laser power and the extraction of the contact resistance of the electrodes. Once the laser-ablation process is optimized, the samples increase their conductivity up to six orders of magnitude, being comparable to that of graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition or by the reduction of graphene-oxide. Additionally, we show that the contact resistance can be decreased down to promising values of &sim;2 Ω when using silver-based electrodes.