gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of Noisy Astrophysical Images by Blind Time-Frequency Source Separation Methods (2007)

Two blind time-frequency source separation methods in the literature are adapted to astrophysical image mixtures and four algorithms are developed to separate them into their cosmic components; cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, galactic dust and synchrotron. These components simulated according to their physical models are mixed via realistic coefficients, and are subjected to simulated additive, nonstationary Gaussian noise components of realistic power levels, to yield image mixtures. The developed algorithms are compared with the FastICA algorithm and CMB component is found to be recovered with an improvement reaching to 3.16 decibels from CMB-synchrotron mixtures.
Relationship Between Interstitial And Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Delay And The Push-Pull Phenomenon Revisited (2007)

IG-BG delay may be smaller than previously postulated. The sensor curves tended to have broader peaks than the BG curves, in contrast to the expected narrower peaks predicted by the push-pull phenomenon. This argues against the existence of the push-pull phenomenon.
Integrated Watershed Management with Multiobjective Land-Use Optimizations under Uncertainty (2012)

Integrated watershed management plays an important role in the environment and ecosystem. This paper analyzes multiobjective optimizations of agricultural land-use management problems with uncertainty involved. For each trial land-use scenario, multiple objective functions are constructed based on coupled simulation of the AnnAGNPS watershed model and the CCHE1D channel network model. To account for parameter uncertainties and uncertainties in numerical model results, the combined objective function is calculated using a fuzzy logic system based on interval computations to obtain a membership function, which yields not only a crisp value but also a range of variations. The proposed approach is tested with a land-use management study for the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed in northern Mississippi. The results show that it is a convenient way to introduce uncertainty-related considerations into an optimization framework, and it can incorporate various model parameters that are difficult or impossible for other uncertainty analysis techniques to consider. More importantly, this approach allows for the development of a complex system of estimating the responses between management goals and miscellaneous environmental factors under uncertainty.
<title>Simple optic sensor for fuel gases</title> (2000)

Simple optic sensors for detecting fuel gases, which consist of plastic optical fibers (POFs), have been studied. The sensing mechanism is based on the swelling phenomena in the rubber-type polymers. The POF-type sensor head was fabricated by coating the swelling polymer on the plastic fiber core and was connected to the normal POFs. When this system was exposed to fuel gases such as gasoline and propane, the light intensity passing through the sensor head changed remarkably depending on the pressure of fuel gases. The sensor response was also found to be fast, stable and reproducible.
Solubilization of Water-Insoluble Drugs Due to Random Amphiphilic and Degradable Poly(dimethylmalic acid) Derivatives (2013)

Amphotericin B (AmB) and clofazimine are potent drugs hindered by their low water solubilities and their toxicities. Carriers able to increase their apparent water solubilities are needed for these drugs and for other molecules with similar properties. Random amphiphilic copolymers derived from poly(dimethylmalic acid) were obtained using different hydrophobization ratios and side group sizes. Apparent water solubilities of pyrene, clofazimine, and AmB were increased up to 10 000, 20 000 and 1000 times, respectively, in aqueous solutions containing these polymers. The presence of sodium chloride in polymer solution increased pyrene solubility but decreased the solubilities of clofazimine and AmB, compared to the salt-free solutions. Synergy between hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions was observed for polar and cationic molecules. Degradation studies showed that the examined polymers were degradable, but none of them were totally degraded in 28 days. These polymers could be used as a new tool for drug solubilization.
Microfluidic colloid filtration (2016)

Abstract Filtration of natural and colloidal matter is an essential process in today’s water treatment processes. The colloidal matter is retained with the help of micro- and nanoporous synthetic membranes. Colloids are retained in a “cake layer” – often coined fouling layer. Membrane fouling is the most substantial problem in membrane filtration: colloidal and natural matter build-up leads to an increasing resistance and thus decreasing water transport rate through the membrane. Theoretical models exist to describe macroscopically the hydrodynamic resistance of such transport and rejection phenomena; however, visualization of the various phenomena occurring during colloid retention is extremely demanding. Here we present a microfluidics based methodology to follow filter cake build up as well as transport phenomena occuring inside of the fouling layer. The microfluidic colloidal filtration methodology enables the study of complex colloidal jamming, crystallization and melting processes as well as translocation at the single particle level.
D-Area Coal Pile Runoff Basin Sulfate Reduction Literature Review and Feasibility Report (2002)

The D-Area Coal Pile Runoff Basin groundwater plume is acidic and contains heavy metals and sulfate. Portions of this plume near the source have a pH approaching 2.0 and heavy metal concentrations exceeding Maximum Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Remedial action for the groundwater contaminated by this RCRA/CERCLA unit will be required to mitigate the migration of highly contaminated groundwater towards adjacent surface water bodies.
Density-Ratio Based Personalised Ranking from Implicit Feedback (2021)

Learning from implicit user feedback is challenging as we can only observe positive samples but never access negative ones. Most conventional methods cope with this issue by adopting a pairwise ranking approach with negative sampling. However, the pairwise ranking approach has a severe disadvantage in the convergence time owing to the quadratically increasing computational cost with respect to the sample size; it is problematic, particularly for large-scale datasets and complex models such as neural networks. By contrast, a pointwise approach does not directly solve a ranking problem, and is therefore inferior to a pairwise counterpart in top-K ranking tasks; however, it is generally advantageous in regards to the convergence time. This study aims to establish an approach to learn personalised ranking from implicit feedback, which reconciles the training efficiency of the pointwise approach and ranking effectiveness of the pairwise counterpart. The key idea is to estimate the ranking of items in a pointwise manner; we first reformulate the conventional pointwise approach based on density ratio estimation and then incorporate the essence of ranking-oriented approaches (e.g. the pairwise approach) into our formulation. Through experiments on three real-world datasets, we demonstrate that our approach not only dramatically reduces the convergence time (one to two orders of magnitude faster) but also significantly improving the ranking performance.
Aprocitentan and the endothelin system in resistant hypertension (2022)

Endothelin has emerged as a target for therapeutic intervention in systemic hypertension. As a vasoconstrictor, comitogenic agent, linking pulse pressure and vascular remodeling, and mediator of aldosterone and catecholamine release, endothelin is a key player in hypertension and end-organ damage. In 10%-20% of the hypertensive population, the high blood pressure is resistant to administration of antihypertensive drugs of different classes in combination. Because endothelin is not targeted by the current antihypertensive drugs, this may suggest that this resistance is due, in part at least, to a dependence on endothelin. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that this form of hypertension is often salt-sensitive, and that the endothelin system is stimulated by salt. In addition, the endothelin system is activated in subjects at risk of developing resistant hypertension, such as African Americans or patients with obesity or obstructive sleep apnea. Aprocitentan is an investigational, novel, potent, dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) currently in phase 3 development for the treatment of difficult-to-treat hypertension. This article discusses the research that underpinned the discovery of this ERA and the choice of its first clinical indication for patients with forms of hypertension that cannot be well controlled with classical antihypertensive drugs.
Analysis of electromagnetic propulsion of nonionized dipole gases (1985)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Performance of evolutionary algorithms on NK landscapes with nearest neighbor interactions and tunable overlap (2009)

This paper presents a class of NK landscapes with nearest-neighbor interactions and tunable overlap. The considered class of NK landscapes is solvable in polynomial time using dynamic programming; this allows us to generate a large number of random problem instances with known optima. Several genetic and evolutionary algorithms are then applied to the generated problem instances. The results are analyzed and related to scalability theory for genetic algorithms and estimation of distribution algorithms.
Influence of the Maillard Reaction to Prion Protein Aggregation (2010)

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that occur either spontaneously or genetically or are caused by infection. Spontaneously occurring prion diseases are age related. The infectious agents, called prions, are proteinaceous infectious particles, composed mainly of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP) in a misfolded, insoluble, and aggregated isoform. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are well known to contribute to protein misfolding, insolubility, and aggregation. Thus, we studied if AGE-modification could influence PrP aggregation. We analyzed PrP preparations immunochemically to determine if they contain AGE-modified PrP. We also studied the influence of AGE modifications on the PrP aggregation process in vitro.
Non-scanning dual infrared band hyperspectral imaging spectrometer design (2006)

Recent advances in dual band infrared focal plane technology now enable the design and testing of a dual infrared band snapshot imaging spectrometer, the first-ever of its kind. A review of proof of concept results from a dual-visible-band Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) system is presented. The dual-visible system demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct two spatially co-registered hyperspectral data cubes covering different spectral bands. Based on the visible band CTIS proof of concept, a similar infrared system is now proposed. Critical to the CTIS system is the design of the Computer Generated Holographic (CGH) disperser. Several different (CGH) designs are considered. A first order optical design for the dual infrared band CTIS is presented.
Monolithically integrated silicon-IMPATT oscillator at 93 GHz (2003)

In this paper monolithically integrated IMPATT diodes are presented. To prove the concept of completely monolithic integration, no special heatsinks or other constructions to optimize cooling were used. The diodes were grown with molecular beam epitaxy on a high resistivity silicon substrate. S-Parameter measurements were performed from 85 GHz up to 110 GHz, showing high negative impedances above the avalanche frequency. Oscillations at a frequency near 93 GHz were observed with the designed resonator circuit.
Image Information Processing System (2019)

This chapter begins with the application requirements for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image information. It discusses the technologies of SAR image target detection, target change detection, target recognition, and multisource SAR image fusion. The chapter also proposes many typical information processing technologies, and presents up-to-date information processing results of SAR images. SAR systems are operated with the use of multiband, multipolarization, multiresolution, and multimode. Earth observation in all dimensions has been achieved. A huge amount of image data is produced every day. As a SAR image is quite different from an optical image, information processing is much more difficult than that of conventional optical images, due to influences of speckle noise, shadow, foreshortening, top and bottom inversion, and other geometric features. SVM is a new pattern recognition technology developed in the early 1990s.
Evaluation of Layered Graphene Prepared via Hydroxylation of Potassium‐Graphite Intercalation Compounds (2014)

Layered graphene was prepared via the hydroxylation of potassium‐graphite intercalation compound (KC 8 ) produced from exfoliated graphite flake powder. When a small amount of water was dropped onto the KC 8 in an oxygen‐free atmosphere, the stage structure of the intercalation compounds was broken, and agglomerated graphene was obtained. Sonication of this agglomerated graphene in buffered water containing sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by rinsing with hot water yielded gray samples. Using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, the gray samples were determined to be composed of a few layers of graphene with an area of 20–100 μ m 2 and thickness of 1.7 nm. They were thinner than those obtained when starting with natural graphite.
Psychometric properties of the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale: A follow-up study. (2016)

The CALS has strong psychometric properties across a wide range of ages, brain injury etiologies, and cognitive severity. The CALS can be used to track cognitive and linguistic recovery in children, adolescents, and young adults with brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation. (PsycINFO Database Record
Supplemental Movie 7 from YAP Enhances Tumor Cell Dissemination by Promoting Intravascular Motility and Reentry into Systemic Circulation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Movie of A375 cells over-expressing YAP-AA in the tail over the course of 12 hours following injection.&lt;/p&gt;
Electrical and Structural Characterization of Thick Film Resistors at various LTCC Systems (1999)

The main aim ofour investigation has been to improve the performance of the resistors by better understanding of the LTCC system structure and conduction mechanisms. Three commercial green tapes and three LTCC resistor/conductor systems have been examined. The resistive inks with 1 kΩ/□ and 100 kΩ/□ nominal sheet resistance have been used. Buried (inside) and surface resistors have been laminated and fired according to the recommendations oftape producers. A test pattern of 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 square geometries with 1 mm width has been used for resistor fabrications. The following measurements have been carried out for device characterization: ○ dependence of resistance versus temperature in a temperature range from -180 to 130°C; ○ resistance to the high voltage pulses (up to 4 kV) with duration time of 50 ns or 10 μs; ○ long-term stability (150°C, 500 h) of as-fired resistors; ○ ultrasonic microscope investigation of microstructure.
Reaction Diffusion in Silver-Zirconium System (1994)

Solid state reaction diffusion between Ag and Zr in the temperature range from 980 to 1190 K has been studied. Two intermetallic compounds, AgZr and AgZr2, predicted from the Ag–Zr phase diagram have been observed in the diffusion zone. About 95% of the total thickness of the compound layers is occupied by the AgZr phase. The layer growth of the two-compound phases and the β-Zr phase (Zr-rich solid solution) obeys a parabolic law in the whole temperature range without incubation time. The temperature dependence of the square of the growth rate constants of the compound layers shows linear Arrhenius relationships, while that of the β-Zr layer shows a drop near the α-β transition temperature of Zr. The interdiffusion coefficients of AgZr and AgZr2 phases and the β-Zr phase show linear Arrhenius relationships.
Measurement of the Wiener Kernels of a Non-linear System by Cross-correlation† (1965)

ABSTRACT A practical and relatively simple method of measuring the Wiener kernels of a non-linear system is presented. The method is based upon cross-correlation techniques and avoids orthogonal expansions such as those of the Wiener method of measurement. The application of this method to the experimental characterization of a non-linear system is discussed.
Deformation of Topologically-Protected Supercooled Skyrmions in a Thin Plate of Chiral Magnet Co8Zn8Mn4 (2017)

Magnetic skyrmions in Co<sub>8</sub>Zn<sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>4</sub> thin plates are observed to deform in a metastable state prepared in a magnetic-field-cooling process by way of the thermal-equilibrium skyrmion phase. In cooling, the disk-shape skyrmions change to bar- or L-shaped elongated form, whereas the skyrmion density is nearly conserved. The deformation of the skyrmions in the supercooled metastable phase is observed irrespective of the crystallographic orientation of the thin plate, whereas the elongation direction nearly aligns along the magnetic easy axis. It is proposed that the deformation should be induced by a large increase in magnetic modulation wavenumber when decreasing the temperature, whereas the topological protection of the skyrmions keeps the averaged skyrmion density constant.
MULTI-SENSOR BASED AMBIENT ASSISTED LIVING SYSTEM (2013)

Ankara : The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2013.
Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) of IgA isotype in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura (1994)

ANCA are associated with certain forms of systemic vasculitis, and have been reported previously to be of the IgG and IgM isotype. We examined the possible association between IgA ANCA and the IgA-related diseases Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN). IgA and IgG ANCA were detected by isotype-specific solid-phase assays with a crude neutrophil extract, and their presence was confirmed by antigen-specific fluid-phase competitive inhibition tests and by indirect immunofluorescence. The possible interference by IgA rheumatoid factor was excluded. IgA ANCA were detected in sera from 11/14 HSP patients (79%), from 1/30 IgAN patients (3%), from 1/40 patients with vasculitides classically associated with IgG ANCA (2.5%), and in none of 60 sera from healthy blood donors. IgG ANCA were present with IgA ANCA in three patients with HSP. Only one HSP serum had anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by both IgA and IgG isotype-specific ELISA, and none was positive for proteinase 3 (PR3). Western blot analysis performed with neutrophil extract showed that the four strongest IgA ANCA-positive HSP sera reacted with a 51-kD protein; Western blot performed on cellular fractions showed that this protein is primarily membrane-associated, and different from fibronectin. Our study suggests that adult HSP is closely associated with circulating IgA ANCA, which may be directed against a different autoantigen than that recognized by IgG ANCA.
[Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) for endocrine therapy in patients with non metastatic breast cancer. FNCLCC]. (2000)

The main recommendations for the endocrine therapy of patients with non metastatic breast cancer are: 1) Endocrine therapy modalities depend on menopausal status or age of women: ovarian suppression for premenopausal women, antiestrogen drug therapy for postmenopausal women (standard). 2) Tamoxifen (20 mg/d - 5 years) is beneficial to women with positive estrogen receptor tumor (standard, level of evidence A). There is no indication of tamoxifen treatment for women with negative estrogen receptor tumor (standard, level of evidence A). 3) For postmenopausal women with positive estrogen receptor tumor, tamoxifen is the standard adjuvant treatment (level of evidence A). For postmenopausal women with negative estrogen receptor, adjuvant chemotherapy has to be considered (option, level of evidence A). No adjuvant treatment has to be considered for women with poor health condition (option). 4) For premenopausal women with estrogen receptor tumor, results of clinical trials of chemotherapy versus endocrine therapy, suggest a benefit for endocrine therapy. However, there is no sufficient evidence to consider endocrine therapy alone as a standard adjuvant treatment. 5) For premenopausal women, chemotherapy + ovarian suppression or chemotherapy + tamoxifen are not better than chemotherapy alone (level of evidence A). 6) For postmenopausal women, administration of chemotherapy plus adjuvant tamoxifen versus the same tamoxifen alone, is of additional benefit in reducing recurrences but not in prolonging overall survival (standard, level of evidence A). 7) Balance of known benefits (delay to recurrence and death) and risks (side-effects of therapy) for adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy has to be taken into consideration before decision making. Chemoendocrine therapy can be indicated for women at high risk of developing metastatic disease (recommendation, experts agreement).
Bioactivity of marine organisms. Part 5: Screening of some marine fauna from the Indian Coast (1990)

A programme is in operation at the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, in collaboration with the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow for the screening of extracts of marine organisms for a wide range of biological activities. The programme consists of collection, identification and extraction of marine flora and fauna found along the coastline (including islands) for biological screening. The results ofbiological screening of some marine organisms have been reported in earlier papers of the series (Naqvi, Solimabi, Kamat, Fernandes, Reddy, Bhakuni and Dhawan, 1981; Kamat, Solimabi, Naqvi, Fernandes, Reddy, Bhakuni and Dhawan, 1981; Kamat, Solimabi, Naik, D'Souza,Jayasree, Ambiye, Bhakuni and Srimal, 1990; Naik, Kamat, Paramcsh­ waran, Das, Bhattacharya, Ramani, Bhakuni and Srimal, 1989). The present com­ munication deals with biological activity data of 29 extracts of marine animals. The biological screening includes tests for antibacterial, antifungal, antifertility, antiviral, hypoglyceamic and a wide range of pharmacological activities.
The Penetration of Mountain Waves into the Middle Atmosphere (1985)

A linear nonhydrostatic model of gravity waves forced by a bell-shaped ridge is used to investigate the penetration of mountain waves into the stratosphere and mesosphere during winter and fall. Gravity waves with horizontal scales less than 30 km are found to be trapped near the tropopause and the stratopause in regions of strong winds. The effect of trapping these modes produces a disturbance whose structure broadens with height. In the mesosphere the disturbance appears 20–40 km downstream from the forcing depending on the strength of the intervening winds. Wavebreaking associated with the mountain wave is predicted in the lower stratosphere as a result of wave superposition; no individual harmonic reaches breaking amplitude. In the mesosphere, wave breakdown is more prevalent, and the disturbance spectrum is relatively more monochromatic as a result of the filtering of the shorter scale modes by the lower atmosphere.