gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Severe Global DNA Hypomethylation Blocks Differentiation and Induces Histone Hyperacetylation in Embryonic Stem Cells (2004)

It has been reported that DNA methyltransferase 1-deficient (Dnmt1-/-) embryonic stem (ES) cells are hypomethylated (20% CpG methylation) and die through apoptosis when induced to differentiate. Here, we show that Dnmt[3a-/-,3b-/-] ES cells with just 0.6% of their CpG dinucleotides behave differently: the majority of cells within the culture are partially or completely blocked in their ability to initiate differentiation, remaining viable while retaining the stem cell characteristics of alkaline phosphatase and Oct4 expression. Restoration of DNA methylation levels rescues these defects. Severely hypomethylated Dnmt[3a-/-,3b-/-] ES cells have increased histone acetylation levels, and those cells that can differentiate aberrantly express extraembryonic markers of differentiation. Dnmt[3a-/-,3b-/-] ES cells with >10% CpG methylation are able to terminally differentiate, whereas Dnmt1-/- ES cells with 20% of the CpG methylated cannot differentiate. This demonstrates that successful terminal differentiation is not dependent simply on adequate methylation levels. There is an absolute requirement that the methylation be delivered by the maintenance enzyme Dnmt1.
Enhanced Solubility, In-Vitro Dissolution and Lipase Inhibition of a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Orlistat (2018)

The aim of this work was to prepare and assess a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing water-insoluble orlistat that was used for the inhibition of lipase activity in gastrointestinal lumen. The pseudo-ternary phase diagram, composed of orlistat and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as oil phase and Cremophor EL as surfactant, was made for the confirmation of giving SNEDDS preconcentrate. The physical state, particle size dispersed in water, dissolution and lipase inhibition of SNEDDS preconcentrates were investigated. The appointed SNEDDS preconcentrates in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram showed no endothermic peak of orlistat and a liquid state. The particle sizes of SNEDDS dispersed with water were uniform and in the range of <200 nm. In the dissolution test, the liquid SNEDDS preconcentrate and solid state mixture exhibited 90.89±2.03% versus 22.42±3.71% at 60 min., respectively, whereas the raw orlistat showed no significant dissolution rate. The SNEDDS preconcentrate showed a lipase inhibition of 92.42±1.58% until 60 min., with no significant inhibition activity of orlistat. Therefore, the SNEDDS preconcentrate presented in this work solubilized orlistat and increased its dissolution rate, and resulted in sufficient inhibitory action on lipase.
Effect of substituents on the metabolism of nitracrine in rat (1996)

1. Male Wistar rats were treated with either the antitumour agent nitracrine (1-nitro-9-(3'-dimethylamino-N-propylamino)-acridine; NC), 4-methoxy-NC, NC-aliphatic-N-oxide, 4-methoxy-NC-aliphatic-N-oxide, or NC-aromatic-N-oxide (30 mumol/kg, via the femoral vein) and the major biliary and urinary metabolites analysed by hplc. 2. No NC or 4-methoxy-NC were detected in bile or urine of rat treated with NC or 4-methoxy-NC respectively, whereas the aliphatic N-oxides of NC and 4-methoxy-NC were recovered largely unchanged in both bile and urine. 3. NC-aromatic-N-oxide was rapidly and extensively converted to a major polar biliary product. This product was also synthesised enzymatically from NC-aromatic-N-oxide using rat liver cytosol and has been identified by mass and 1H-nmr spectrometry as 1-(S-glutathionyl)-9-(3'-dimethylamino-N-propylamino)-acridine-N(10)-oxi de. 4. The equivalent 1-(S-glutathionyl) conjugate appears to be formed from NC, and excreted in bile as a minor product, but not from 4-methoxy-NC. Further experiments with cytosol indicate that direct displacement of the nitro group by GSH is mediated by GSH transferase. 5. Finally, the major biliary metabolite of NC has been provisionally identified as a glucuronide of 1-nitro-2-hydroxy-NC. 6. It is concluded that, for at least a significant fraction of NC, nitroreduction does not occur. Further, N-oxidation of the aliphatic (but not the aromatic ring) nitrogen, plus 4-methoxy substitution, decreases the overall metabolism of NC in the rat.
Manhattan Junction Catalogue for Spatial Reasoning of Indoor Scenes (2013)

Junctions are strong cues for understanding the geometry of a scene. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting junctions and using them for recovering the spatial layout of an indoor scene. Junction detection has always been challenging due to missing and spurious lines. We work in a constrained Manhattan world setting where the junctions are formed by only line segments along the three principal orthogonal directions. Junctions can be classified into several categories based on the number and orientations of the incident line segments. We provide a simple and efficient voting scheme to detect and classify these junctions in real images. Indoor scenes are typically modeled as cuboids and we formulate the problem of the cuboid layout estimation as an inference problem in a conditional random field. Our formulation allows the incorporation of junction features and the training is done using structured prediction techniques. We outperform other single view geometry estimation methods on standard datasets.
Parameter navigation by using hierarchical parametric eigenspace (2006)

Although the parametric eigenspace method is a representative method for estimating parameters and identifying images of appearance bases, the method has the problem of requiring a significantly increased computational load to create the eigenspace, and requiring large amounts of data to be learned as the number of parameters increases. In addition, since the mode of image occurrence differs for each parameter, there is a problem associated with sampling sections and intervals, so that selecting the number of dimensions used becomes difficult. To deal with these problems, this study proposes a hierarchical parametric eigenspace method that treats the multiple parameter problem in addition to the problem of deriving parameters for the target state and of estimating the current state from the apparent image of an object. In addition, this paper presents evaluations of the effectiveness of the proposed method, using simulation data as well as real data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(2): 55–65, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20243
Germanium:gallium photoconductors for far infrared heterodyne detection (1988)

Highly compensated Ge:Ga photoconductors have been fabricated and evaluated for high bandwidth heterodyne detection. Bandwidths up to 60 MHz have been obtained with corresponding current responsivity of 0.01 A/W.
Thermal stability of ultrathin RuC film as Cu diffusion barrier (2010)

The properties of ultrathin RuC film and RuC/TaN stack as the Cu diffusion barrier on Si substrate were studied. The results show that the thermal stability of the Cu/RuC/TaN/Si structure is better than that of the Cu/Ru/TaN/Si structure. A flush TaN layer can improve the thermal stability of RuC film and make it a more robust diffusion barrier for Cu metallization.
The Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Disinfectant Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Causes Chlorination Stress Enhancing Solar UV‐Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in AP‐1 Transgenic SKH‐1 Luciferase Reporter Mouse Skin† (2022)

Freshwater sanitation and disinfection using a variety of chemical entities as chlorination agents is an essential public health intervention ensuring water safety for populations at a global scale. Recently, we have published our observation that the small molecule oxidant, innate immune factor and chlorination agent HOCl antagonize inflammation and photocarcinogenesis in murine skin exposed topically to environmentally relevant concentrations of HOCl. Chlorinated isocyanuric acid derivatives (including the chloramines trichloroisocyanuric acid [TCIC] and dichloroisocyanuric acid [DCIC]) are used worldwide as alternate chlorination agents serving as HOCl precursor and stabilizer compounds ensuring sustained release in aqueous environments including public water systems, recreational pools and residential hot tubs. Here, for the first time, we have examined the cutaneous TCIC-induced transcriptional stress response (in both an organotypic epidermal model and in AP-1 luciferase reporter SKH-1 mouse skin), also examining molecular consequences of subsequent treatment with solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Taken together, our findings indicate that cutaneous delivery of TCIC significantly enhances UV-induced inflammation (as profiled at the gene expression level), suggesting a heretofore unrecognized potential to exacerbate UV-induced functional and structural cutaneous changes. These observations deserve further molecular investigations in the context of TCIC-based freshwater disinfection with health implications for populations worldwide.
Printing Technology and Advantage of Purified Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes for Thin Film Transistors (2017)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a large intrinsic mobility and are expected to be useful as a new electronic material. According to the simulation work, a CNT random network is tolerant to m-CNT contamination. Furthermore, CNT random networks are compatible with solution processes such as s-CNT purification and printing fabrication. The device yield and performance of a CNT random network thin film transistor (TFT) can be increased by the use of purified s-CNTs. Therefore, it is crucial to mitigate the effect of m-CNTs when making use of CNTs as semiconducting materials. The authors develop a fabrication technology for printed CNT–TFTs. All electrodes, insulators, and CNT channels were directly printed without additional patterning processes. The TFT characteristics clearly demonstrated the advantages of the purified s-CNT ink. The key issue is successful fabrication of printed TFTs in order to realize printed electronics, and the performance of the TFTs strongly affects the application field.
Secondary transmission profile for a single-band cognitive interference channel (2008)

In this paper, we model a cognitive interference channel with two flows, a primary and a secondary. The primary traffic is bursty which gives rise to idle channel periods in time. The objective for the secondary flow is to utilize the temporal white spaces and to maximize its own rate without adversely affecting the primary flow's SINR beyond a given threshold. The key aspect analyzed in this paper is the lack of knowledge about start and stop times of primary flow's transmissions. We propose a sense-and-send protocol where the secondary senses to detect idle channels and then divide its transmissions into many small bursts (making it paranoid about overlapping on primary's transmissions). Furthermore, since the secondary cannot sense while transmitting (assuming half-duplex radios), it has to reduce its transmission power for each subsequent symbol in each component burst. Thus, the proposed power profile for the secondary is significantly different from that in a regular interference channel, where both flows have the same ldquostatusrdquo.
Immunologic Reactions Following the Intradermal Inoculation of Influenza A and B Vaccine. (1948)

Summary1. Intradermal inoculation into 39 adults of 0.02 ml of concentrated Influenza A and B vaccine gave rise to a mean antibody response (antihemagglutinin) against Influenza B virus which approached that obtained by others following the subcutaneous injection of 1.0 ml of undiluted vaccine. A greater mean increase in antibody against Influenza A was observed in the same group, although this increase could not be attributed conclusively to the effect of the vaccine.2. The intradermal injection of 0.02 ml of concentrated vaccine into 449 adults was followed within 20 minutes by a local erythematous reaction exceeding 10 mm in diameter in 37'3 or 83.1%. In 383 or 85.3% of the same group delayed local erythematous reactions exceeding 10 mm in diameter were present after approximately 48 hours accompanied in many cases by slight induration.3. No correlation could be established between the intensity of the immediate or delayed dermal reaction and the level of antihemagglutinin in the blood.4. Mild systemic reactions were reported by 75 (16.7%) of 449 vaccinated persons.5. Although cases of Influenza A infection were demonstrated in the community shortly after vaccination, the rate of all upper respiratory disease during the succeeding 2-month period in a group of 316 vaccinated, persons was not significantly different from, the rate among 329 unvaccinated persons; working in the same institution.
Lean Approach for Virtual Calibration Using Hardware-in-the-Loop and Electronic Control Unit (ECU)-Capable Engine Simulation (2021)

&lt;div&gt;The article presents the development of a lean approach for virtual electronic control unit (ECU) calibration. In this calibration method, virtual models are used to improve the calibration quality or reduce the calibration effort. Unlike state-of-the-art approaches, no dedicated engine simulation models for hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) operation are utilized. The developed engine simulation consists of physical ECU real-time capable 0D models. Major benefit of this approach is the multiple use of the developed models for virtual calibration of customer ECUs and vehicle operation using rapid-control-prototyping-ECUs (RCP-ECUs). The engine model consists of a physical air path, an air charge model, a gas exchange and a torque model as well as a novel mathematical combustion and exhaust gas temperature model. The configuration of the engine model was done for a turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline reference engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;For the virtual calibration, the sensor values and actuator set points of the customer ECU are exchanged with a HiL real-time computer. Besides the ECU and a wiring harness, no additional hardware components are required. The virtual calibration was performed using only a proportion of the available experimental data. The result shows a satisfying accuracy of the nominal and actual path, compared to a conventional calibration dataset created with all available experimental test bench data. Applying the generated maps for air path actuator set points, air charge, spark timing, and efficiency, the required effort in terms of test bench time can be reduced significantly.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;For the operation of prototype vehicles, the models can be executed in real-time with a RCP-ECU. Due to the physical and mathematical modeling approach, the required calibration effort for engine and vehicle operation can be reduced significantly as well.&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of Irradiation Hardening and Embrittlement of Zr-2.5%Nb Alloy with High-Energy (e,γ)-Beams (2008)

Abstract The paper researches into the effect of the initial structural condition of Zr-2.5%Nb alloy, which is widely used in reactor engineering to manufacture reactor core components (mainly as a structural material for RBMK and CANDU pressure tubes), and of irradiation conditions (temperature, applied stress) on irradiation hardening and embrittlement. The reactor damage of Zr-2.5%Nb alloy was modeled with a method of high-energy 225 MeV (e,γ)-beam irradiation, which allows samples to be irradiated under strictly controlled stress conditions. The research has been carried out on Zr-2.5%Nb alloy exposed to four types of thermo-mechanical treatment. It has been found that the alloy is susceptible to intensive irradiation embrittlement irrespective of its initial condition, and the intensity of Zr-2.5%Nb irradiation hardening greatly depends on pre-treatment. In contrast to other conditions, Zr-2.5%Nb alloy is virtually not susceptible to irradiation hardening after high-speed high-frequency (SHF) heating, quenching, and subsequent annealing in the high-temperature range of the α-region, during which the double-phase α+βNb state with high dispersion of βNb (∼1023 m−3) precipitates develops. The obtained results are in good agreement with the post-reactor irradiation tensile test results. The study demonstrates the efficiency of high-energy (e,γ)-beam irradiation for investigating the irradiation hardening and embrittlement of zirconium alloys.
Processing, tensile, and fracture properties of injection molded Hdpe‐Al2O3‐HAp hybrid composites (2011)

Abstract The aim of this study is to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE‐alumina‐HAp composites prepared by injection molding techniques and to demonstrate their superiority over unreinforced HDPE. Composites with up to 30 vol. % of filler, composed of equal volumes of HAp and alumina, were successfully processed by injection molding. On the basis of the analysis of processing results, i.e., melt viscosity, volume flow rate, shear rate, mixing torque, the critical ceramic loading was determined. Tensile tests done at varying crosshead speeds confirm that an increase in ceramic loading results in an increase in strength, as well as a simultaneous decrease in the total elongation at failure. A maximum strength of 20 MPa and a maximum tensile modulus of around 1 GPa was achieved with 30 vol % ceramic loading in semicrystalline HDPE matrix. SEVNB test results demonstrate an improvement in toughness at 20 vol %. The fracture properties are discussed in terms of interfacial bonding between ceramic fillers and the semicrystalline HDPE matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
ATP ‐ a fast neurotransmitter (1993)

ATP receptor-mediated responses in peripheral and central neurons have many characteristics which suggest that ATP may act as a fast neurotransmitter. While the receptors underlying these responses have properties which are similar to other ligand-gated ion channels which mediate fast neurotransmission, the nature of their calcium permeability and the rapid breakdown of ATP to adenosine may confer unique properties on ATP mediated synaptic transmission. The evidence that ATP acts as a fast neurotransmitter is reviewed and the properties of ATP and its receptor channels are discussed in terms of synaptic transmission.
MARSHNet, a superimposed QoS guaranteed virtual path network (2002)

This paper describes the design and configuration of a metropolitan ATM network consisting of two superimposed virtual networks. Virtual paths and virtual switches were created to construct the two virtual path networks (VPNs). Creative ideas and novel techniques were employed for network partitioning, bandwidth sharing and QoS guarantees. These techniques did allow most of the design objectives to be met.
Dynamic Few-Shot Visual Learning Without Forgetting (2018)

The human visual system has the remarkably ability to be able to effortlessly learn novel concepts from only a few examples. Mimicking the same behavior on machine learning vision systems is an interesting and very challenging research problem with many practical advantages on real world vision applications. In this context, the goal of our work is to devise a few-shot visual learning system that during test time it will be able to efficiently learn novel categories from only a few training data while at the same time it will not forget the initial categories on which it was trained (here called base categories). To achieve that goal we propose (a) to extend an object recognition system with an attention based few-shot classification weight generator, and (b) to redesign the classifier of a ConvNet model as the cosine similarity function between feature representations and classification weight vectors. The latter, apart from unifying the recognition of both novel and base categories, it also leads to feature representations that generalize better on "unseen" categories. We extensively evaluate our approach on Mini-ImageNet where we manage to improve the prior state-of-the-art on few-shot recognition (i.e., we achieve 56.20% and 73.00% on the 1-shot and 5-shot settings respectively) while at the same time we do not sacrifice any accuracy on the base categories, which is a characteristic that most prior approaches lack. Finally, we apply our approach on the recently introduced few-shot benchmark of Bharath and Girshick [4] where we also achieve state-of-the-art results.
Design of Seat Clamping Device for Automobile DOF Shaker (2019)

The clamping device is used to connect and fix the vibration table and the test part, as well as transmit vibration excitation in the vibration test. Taking the RX / ZDT-6-200 automobile DOF vibration table as the development platform, a clamping device suitable for a variety of automobile seats is designed based on the analysis of clamping device design key points. The 3D modeling of seat clamping device is completed in the Creo software environment, and its natural frequency is simulated and analyed. It can be seen from the analysis results that the device can effectively avoid resonance. Finally, the clamping device is manufactured and tested. The test results show that the clamping device can meet the requirements of teaching experiment.
Perfect binary codes: constructions, properties, and enumeration (1994)

Properties of nonlinear perfect binary codes are investigated and several new constructions of perfect codes are derived from these properties. An upper bound on the cardinality of the intersection of two perfect codes of length n is presented, and perfect codes whose intersection attains the upper bound are constructed for all n. As an immediate consequence of the proof of the upper bound the authors obtain a simple closed-form expression for the weight distribution of a perfect code. Furthermore, they prove that the characters of a perfect code satisfy certain constraints, and provide a sufficient condition for a binary code to be perfect. The latter result is employed to derive a generalization of the construction of Phelps (1983), which is shown to give rise to some perfect codes that are nonequivalent to the perfect codes obtained from the known constructions. Moreover, for any m/spl ges/4 the authors construct full-rank perfect binary codes of length 2/sup m/-1. These codes are obviously nonequivalent to any of the previously known perfect codes. Furthermore the latter construction exhibits the existence of full-rank perfect tilings. Finally, they construct a set of 2(2/sup cn/) nonequivalent perfect codes of length n, for sufficiently large n and a constant c=0.5-/spl epsiv/. Precise enumeration of the number of codes in this set provides a slight improvement over the results reported by Phelps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rapid Method for Accurate Determination of Colorless Siderophores and Synthetic Chelates (1995)

Abstract A rapid, simple, and accurate method of determining concentrations of Fe‐chelating agents in solution was developed. The assay employs Cu‐CAS (chrome azurol S) complex as a testing agent and measures the equilibrium concentration of this complex in the presence of other Fe chelators. The Cu‐CAS was found to be advantageous in comparison to other compounds due to: (i) its high extinction coefficient (17 000 M −1 at pH 5.7) when complexed with Cu, and (ii) the rapid rate at which equilibrium was achieved. The color of the Cu‐CAS was measured at a wavelength of 582 nm, and the decrease in absorbance when the Cu is lost to other chelates was measured. Using this method, we successfully measured 50‐ to 100‐nmol quantities of the following chelates: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), ethylenediamine‐di(o‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA), desferriferrioxamine‐B (DFOB), rhizoferrin, and mugineic acid (MA). We found the method to be accurate and useful in determining concentrations of chelates (not absorbing intensely at 582 nm) including phytosiderophores and microbial siderophores. This method is of particular importance for colorless chelates, which are very difficult to determine otherwise.