gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Blacks for Highly Conductive Rubber (1957)

Abstract The mechanism of the conductance of the electric current through a carbon black dispersion is still a problem which has not been completely solved. Rubber is an insulator and forms a homogeneous liquid phase, while carbon black is a semi-conductor and forms a dispersible solid phase. Mixtures of these two show electrical properties ranging from a near insulator to a near semiconductor. The picture which has been generally accepted for the mechanism of conductivity in rubber-carbon black compounds is one based on through-going paths of carbon black particles. These through-going paths are formed by carbon black particles either touching or situated so close to adjoining carbon black particles that the electrons have a reasonable chance to jump across the gap. This concept implies that each carbon particle must practically touch its neighbor or else the continuous chain will be broken. The definition of “touching” is not given in this concept. The number of conducting or through-going paths will be a function of loading and the particle size of the carbon black. In addition to the number of the paths, the intrinsic conductivity of the carbon blacks themselves, which is mainly a contact resistance, is of paramount importance. This picture is useful only if it is consistent with the various characteristics of electrically conductive rubber-carbon black compounds.
Crucible Grows Wide Silicon Ribbon (1982)

Inexpensive manufacture of solar cells may require quality silicon ribbon crystals. One way to produce them is by growing wide dendritic webs, which can be very long and have high structural perfection. Dendrites grow from supercooled melt, so width of ribbon depends on how wide a region of supercooled molten silicon can be maintained in crucible. Elongated geometry of suscepter/crucible/lid assembly allows molten silicon to supercool over a wider region -- a necessary condition for the growth of wide dendritic crystal ribbon.
Advanced Functional Hydrogel Biomaterials Based on Dynamic B–O Bonds and Polysaccharide Building Blocks (2020)

Dynamic covalent chemistry applied to polymers has attracted significant attention over the past decade. Within this area, this review highlights the recent research on polysaccharide-based hydrogels cross-linked by boronic acid moieties, illustrating its versatility and relevance in biomaterials science to design self-healing, multiple stimuli-responsive, and adaptive biointerfaces and advanced functional devices.
Meat, fish and fat intake in relation to subsite‐specific risk of colorectal cancer: The Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study (2007)

High intake of red meat has been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in Western countries. There has been much interest in the role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in colorectal cancer prevention, but epidemiological findings are limited and inconsistent. The objective of our study was to examine associations of meat, fish and fat intake with risk of colorectal cancer, paying particular attention to the subsite within the colorectum. Data were from the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study, covering 782 cases and 793 controls. Diet was assessed by interview, using newly developed personal-computer software for registering semiquantitative food frequencies. The intake of beef/pork, processed meat, total fat, saturated fat or n-6 PUFA showed no clear association with the overall or subsite-specific risk of colorectal cancer. There was an almost significant inverse association between n-3 PUFA and the risk of colorectal cancer; the covariate-adjusted odds ratio for the highest (median 3.94 g/day) versus lowest (median 1.99 g/day) quintile of energy-adjusted intake was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.52-1.06, trend P=0.050). The consumption of fish and fish products was similarly inversely related to the risk although the association was not statistically significant. These associations were more evident for distal colon cancer; adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quintile of n-3 PUFA intake was 0.56 (95% confidence interval 0.34-0.92, trend P=0.02). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that consumption of red meat increases colorectal cancer risk but do suggest that high intake of fish may decrease the risk, particularly of distal colon cancer.
Defining the Functional Boundaries of the Murine α1,3-Fucosyltransferase Fut7 Reveals a Remarkably Compact Locus (2014)

Fut7 encodes an α1,3-fucosyltransferase critical for biosynthesis of glycan ligands for all three selectins. Consistent with this function, Fut7 expression is limited to hematopoietic cells and high endothelial cells which express selectin ligands. Mechanisms that govern Fut7 expression are poorly defined. To begin to understand the molecular genetic basis for transcriptional regulation of Fut7, a transgenic, gain-of-function, genetic complementation approach in mice was used to define the "functional boundaries" of the murine Fut7 locus, defined here as any uninterupted stretch of genomic DNA that contains all cis-acting genetic elements essential for accurate physiologic expression. A 12.7-kb contiguous genomic interval, which lies completely between the highly conserved flanking Npdc1 and Abca2 loci on chromosome 2 and which contains the complete transcriptional unit plus ∼7.4 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site and ∼2 kb downstream of the transcriptional termination and polyadenylation sites, was used as a transgene (Tg) on a Fut7 null background. Tg+ mice exhibited restoration of Fut7 gene expression and physiologic levels of selectin ligand expression and function on neutrophils, activated T cells, and high endothelial cells and corrected the functional defects in these cells found in Fut7 null mice without leading to detectable expression of Fut7 in normally non-expressing tissues. These results demonstrate that all genetic information essential for appropriate and selective expression of Fut7 in diverse cell types and in response to distinct developmental signals is contained within this comparatively small genetic region.
Detection and Diversity of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductase Genes ( p450nor ) in Agricultural Soils (2016)

A comprehensive understanding of the microbiota controlling soil N loss and greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions is crucial for sustainable agricultural practices and addressing climate change concerns. We report the design and application of a novel PCR primer set targeting fungal p450nor, a biomarker for fungal N2O production, and demonstrate the utility of the new approach to assess fungal denitrification potential in fungal isolates and agricultural soils. These new PCR primers may find application in a variety of biomes to assess the fungal contributions to N loss and N2O emissions.
Abstract 330: Ezetimibe Prevents Atherogenesis Through Increased Catabolism and Fecal Excretion of LDL-cholesterol and Reduced Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E Knock-out Mice Fed a Paigen Diet (2015)

Background: Intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe (EZE) added to a statin therapy has demonstrated benefits in the IMPROVE-IT trial by further reducing LDL-cholesterol levels than statin therapy alone. We investigated the mechanisms by which EZE could contribute to cardiovascular events reduction in apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE ko) mice. Methods: ApoE ko mice were fed a Paigen diet without (control) or with EZE (7mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. To evaluate the effects of EZE on LDL-cholesterol metabolism and excretion, a first set of mice was injected intravenously with 3 H-cholesteryl oleate labeled human LDL. A second set of mice was used for in vivo SPECT/CT imaging of 99m Tc-cAbVCAM1-5, a single domain antibody directed against the Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which was used as a marker of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. The same mice were sacrificed for autoradiography and histology of aortic atherosclerotic plaques. Results: Compared with control, EZE treatment for 6 weeks induced a significant 41% and 65% reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels and atherosclerotic plaque area, respectively. After injection of 3 H-cholesteryl oleate labeled human LDL, mice treated with EZE showed a 173% higher LDL-cholesteryl ester catabolism (p&lt;0.001 vs. control). At time 96 hours after radiolabeled LDL injection, 3 H-tracer hepatic recovery was reduced by 61% with EZE (p&lt;0.001). Meanwhile, LDL-derived 3 H-tracer excretion in the feces was increased by 107% in the fecal cholesterol fraction (p&lt;0.001). Similar trends were observed for hepatic cholesterol levels and fecal cholesterol mass excretion, with a 75% reduction and 99% increase with EZE, respectively (both p&lt;0.001). After intravenous injection of 99m Tc-cAbVCAM1-5, mice treated with EZE also showed a significant 52% reduction in aortic uptake, which was confirmed by significant reduction in tracer uptake in ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography analysis. Conclusion: EZE promotes anti-atherosclerotic effects through increased LDL-cholesterol catabolism and LDL-derived cholesterol fecal excretion, and reduced inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. These mechanisms may contribute to the benefits of adding EZE to a statin therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cholestenyl‐Substituted Bis(indenyl)zirconocene‐Derived Homogeneous Ziegler Catalyst for Stereoselective Propene Polymerization. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface contact of bound targeted microbubbles (2012)

For molecular imaging using ultrasound contrast agents, targeted microbubbles are designed with specific ligands linked to the coated shell. Research is ongoing to determine the binding force of targeted microbubbles and to distinguish bound from unbound targeted microbubbles using ultrasound. For this, the actual surface of the targeted microbubbles that binds to a pathology is important. This study focuses on determining the surface contact of bound targeted microbubbles by fluorescence microscopy. Biotinylated lipid-coated microbubbles (3-7 μm in diameter) with either DSPC or DPPC as the main lipid were targeted to a streptavidin-coated surface. The binding area of targeted microbubbles was found to be 6 ± 4% of the total microbubble surface for microbubbles with DSPC as the main lipid (n=22) and 11 ± 4% for microbubbles with DPPC as the main lipid (n=24). The difference can be explained by the heterogeneous distribution of the ligand for DSPC microbubbles whereas the ligand is homogeneously distributed for DPPC microbubbles. These findings can be used to improve the binding of targeted microbubbles and for the ongoing research to distinguish bound from unbound microbubbles.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 4‐PIPERAZINO‐5‐METHYLTHIOPYRIMIDINES. SELECTION OF NEW ANTIEMETIC AGENTS (1975)

Abstract Aus Barbitursäure (I) entsteht mit Dimethylsulfoxid das S‐Ylid (II) und weiter mit Phosphoroxychlorid das 2,4,6‐Trichlor‐5‐methylthio‐pyrimidin (III), dessen Chloratome mit Aminen und anschließend mit Piperazinen zu 4‐Piperazino‐pyrimidinen (VI) ausgetauscht werden.
RE-CONCEPTUALIZING AGILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT USING COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS THEORY (2013)

Complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory characterizes the role of emergence in the world of frequent and continuous change. In the context of information systems (IS) CAS can help conceptualize the phenomenon of IS emergence. In this domain agile development methods were introduced to address speed and the problems of change in IS development. The paper provides a review of agile development practices and their interpretation from a CAS perspective. It is concluded that IS emergence can be realized by engaging development teams through agile practices that are found to support CAS concepts. It is also found that some CAS principles have not been fully realized in current agile methods highlighting possible areas of improvement. Based on this analysis a detailed framework is derived to outline emergence mechanisms in IS development in general. The framework as grounded in CAS theory provides cornerstone elements towards a generic IS emergence theory we refer to as Complex Adaptive Information Systems (CAIS).
Restoration of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling through Receptor RI Induction by Histone Deacetylase Activity Inhibition in Breast Cancer Cells (2004)

The loss of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) response due to the dysregulation of TGF-beta receptors type I (RI) and type II (RII) is well known for its contribution to oncogenesis. Estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancer cells are refractory to TGF-beta-mediated growth control because of the reduced expression of TGF-beta receptors. Although RII is required for the binding of TGF-beta to RI, RI is responsible for directly transducing TGF-beta signals through the Smad protein family. Treatment of estrogen receptor-expressing MCF-7L and ZR75 breast cancer cells with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) led to a dramatic induction of RI. Accumulation of acetylated histones H3 and H4 was observed in the SAHA-treated cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis followed by PCR with RI promoter-specific primers indicated an accumulation of acetylated histones in chromatin associated with the RI gene, suggesting that histone deacetylation was involved in the transcriptional inactivation of RI. SAHA treatment stimulated RI promoter activity through the inhibition of Sp1/Sp3-associated HDAC activity. Histone acetyltransferase p300 stimulated RI promoter activity, thus further confirming the involvement of HDAC activity in the transcriptional repression of RI. Significantly, SAHA-mediated RI regeneration restored the TGF-beta response in breast cancer cells.
Enabling Adaptive Cloud Gaming in an Open-Source Cloud Gaming Platform (2015)

We study the problem of optimally adapting ongoing cloud gaming sessions to maximize the gamer experience in dynamic environments. The considered problem is quite challenging because: 1) gamer experience is subjective and hard to quantify; 2) the existing open-source cloud gaming platform does not support dynamic reconfigurations of video codecs; and 3) the resource allocation among concurrent gamers leaves a huge room to optimize. We rigorously address these three challenges by: 1) conducting a crowdsourced user study over the live Internet for an empirical gaming experience model; 2) enhancing the cloud gaming platform to support frame rate and bitrate adaptation on-the-fly; and 3) proposing optimal yet efficient algorithms to maximize the overall gaming experience or ensure the fairness among gamers. We conduct extensive trace-driven simulations to demonstrate the merits of our algorithms and implementation. Our simulation results show that the proposed efficient algorithms: 1) outperform the baseline algorithms by up to 46% and 30%; 2) run fast and scale to large (≤8000 gamers) problems; and 3) achieve the user-specified optimization criteria, such as maximizing average gamer experience or maximizing the minimum gamer experience. The resulting cloud gaming platform can be leveraged by many researchers, developers, and gamers.
O1‐04‐08: Safety and efficacy of a galantamine/memantine combination in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease ‐ randomized controlled trial (2009)

The German competence network on dementias has conducted a national multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial of twelve month length to test the efficacy of a combination regimen in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimers disease (AD). Over a period of three years 233 AD patients, not treated with antidementive drugs before, were recruited by twelve university memory clinics. Outpatients with the diagnosis of probable AD according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, presenting with a mild to moderate dementia syndrome and a MMSE score between 15-26 points at study entry, were treated for one year either with 24 mg galantamine CR alone or with a combination containing additionally 20 mg memantine. Patients with dementia any other type than AD, significant other neurological diseases, diagnosis of psychosis, history of epileptic seizures and any other acute or poorly controlled illness were excluded. Global severity of dementia was repetitively determined applying the CDR scale to monitor clinical progression of AD. Memory and cognitive performance were assessed using the ADAS-cog/11 at baseline, at sixteen weeks, six month and after twelve month. Additional parameters comprised the NPI to assess non-cognitive symptoms, the MADRS to measure depressive symptoms and the ADCS-ADL to assess the ability to perform activities of daily living. The last patient completed the trial at the end of 2008 and the data bank will be closed early in 2009. Safety monitoring has already provided evidence that the combination regimen was well tolerated and severe unexpected side effects were lacking. At the conference data will be presented elucidating the primary objective that a combination therapy in AD patients improves memory or cognitive performance to a larger extent than galantamine alone.
Measured and Modeled Time and Angle Dispersion Characteristics of the 1.8 GHz Peer-to-Peer Radio Channel (1999)

In an extensive outdoor propagation study, low antenna heights of 1.7 m are used at both the transmitter and the receiver to measure over 3500 wideband power-delay profiles (PDPs) of the channel for a peer-to-peer communications system. Rural and urban areas are studied in 22 different transmitter-receiver links. The results are used to characterize the narrowband path loss, mean delay, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and timing jitter of the peer-to-peer wideband channel. Small-scale fading characteristics are measured in detail by measuring and analyzing 160 PDPs within each local area. This thesis shows the measurement setup for the calculation of fading rate variance and angular spread and reports the first known attempt to calculate angular spread from track power measurements. New analysis presented in this thesis shows the effect of measurement error in the calculation of angular spread. The expected characteristics of angular spread are derived using two different angle-of-arrival (AOA) models from the literature. Measurement results show initial validation of Durgin's angular spread theory. A new measurement-based algorithm for simulating wideband fading processes is developed and implemented. This simulation technique shows promise in the simulation of high-bit rate peer-to-peer radio communication systems.
Parasitoids and Pathogens of Soybean Looper and Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybeans in Louisiana (1990)

Journal Article Parasitoids and Pathogens of Soybean Looper and Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybeans in Louisiana Get access C. J. Daigle, C. J. Daigle 1 Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 1Current address: Ethyl Corporation, 451 Florida St., Baton Rouge, La. 70801. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Boethel, D. J. Boethel Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Fuxa J. R. Fuxa Department of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 19, Issue 3, 1 June 1990, Pages 746–752, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/19.3.746 Published: 01 June 1990 Article history Received: 20 May 1988 Accepted: 17 August 1989 Published: 01 June 1990
Critical Behavior of Density Fluctuations in Gels (1977)

The temperature dependence of the intensity and of the correlation time of laser light scattered by the network density fluctuations in polyacrylamide gels is reported. The density fluctuations show critical behavior at - 17\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. This behavior is quantitatively explained as a phase transition of a binary mixture of the covalently cross-linked polymer network and the fluid medium.
Vitreous Hemorrhage as the Initial Manifestation of X-Linked Retinoschisis in a 9-Month-Old Infant (2006)

A 9-month-old infant presented with progressive esotropia, bilateral vitreous hemorrhages, bullous retinoschises, and peripheral retinal detachments. X-linked retinoschisis was diagnosed on the basis of electroretinogram findings. We report a case of vitreous hemorrhage as the initial presentation of X-linked retinoschisis in one of the youngest patients discussed in the literature.
Antigen processing and presentation in cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Antigen processing and presentation is a complex, multistep process. In silico epitope prediction techniques can be a useful tool, but comprehensive experimental testing and validation on a patient-by-patient basis may be required to reliably identify T cell tumor antigens.
Correlation of link outages in low-mobility spatial wireless networks (2010)

In this paper we consider a network where the nodes locations are modeled by a realization of a Poisson point process and remains fixed or changes very slowly over time. Most of the literature focuses on the spatial average of the link outage probabilities. But each link in the network has an associated link-outage probability that depends on the fading, path loss, and the relative locations of the interfering nodes. Since the node locations are random, the outage probability of each link is a random variable and in this paper we obtain its distribution, instead of just the spatial average. This work supplements the existing results which focus mainly on the average outage probability averaged over space. We propose a new notion of transmission capacity (TC) based on the outage distribution, and provide asymptotically tight bounds for the TC.
Effect of disorder on the density of states of a two-dimensional electron gas under magnetic field (2003)

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Multiple input converters for fuel cells (2004)

Multilevel converters have been used previously to integrate several fuel cell modules for higher power applications. Some previous publications have also shown improvements in fuel cell utilization by exploiting the static characteristics of fuel cells, which show more than a 30% difference in the output voltage between no-load to full-load conditions. This paper first describes standard fuel cell power electronics interfaces, then reviews a few of the multi input systems and explores additional configurations.