gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast waveform synthesis and characterization using coherent Raman sidebands in a reflection scheme (2014)

Coherent Raman sidebands have the potential to serve as a source of single cycle pulses. We generate these sidebands by crossing two-color femtosecond laser pulses in a Raman-active crystal. We design a reflection scheme using spherical mirrors to combine coherent Raman sidebands. The sidebands and the driving pulses are refocused back to the Raman crystal and the relative spectral phases are retrieved from an interferogram based on the nonlinear Raman interaction. Furthermore, using a deformable mirror to adjust the spectral phases, we demonstrate that our setup is capable of synthesizing ultrafast waveforms using coherent Raman sidebands.
High-speed electrooptic modulator characterization using optical spectrum analysis (2003)

This paper presents our latest studies on high-speed electrooptic modulator characterization using the optical spectrum analysis method. Several new characterization techniques are theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated for the measurement of critical device parameters at very high modulation frequencies. Applying this method in our wide-band electrooptic (EO) modulator characterization experiment, we have successfully measured halfwave voltages, frequency responses, and the chirp parameter at frequencies over 10 GHz for several typical high-speed LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> modulators. Our experiment showed that the optical spectrum analysis provides an accurate and convenient platform for ultra-high-speed EO modulator characterization.
Brain tumours presenting with tias and strokes. (1988)

A review of 905 consecutive cases of pathologically confirmed brain tumour yielded 25 cases in which the initial presentation strongly suggested the diagnosis of occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Most of these 25 patients were admitted through the emergency department of our hospital and referred to the general medical service for investigation. Nineteen cases of transient ischemic attack and six cases of completed stroke were found in 12 cases of glioblastoma, seven of meningioma, two of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and one case each of malignant astrocytoma, low-grade astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. We document the clinical overlap between neoplastic and vascular syndromes, and stress the need for "tumour awareness" in the work-up of patients presenting to non-neurological practitioners with the clinical picture of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
Systolic Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Disease and Heart Failure (2019)

In patients with CAD, a physician diagnosis of HF at baseline portended a higher risk for death, MI, or stroke than in those without an HF history. Achieving SBP of 120-140 mmHg and heart rate < 85 b.p.m. was associated with a better outcome in patients with known HF and CAD.
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Globulins:  Purification and Characterization (2001)

Vicilin type (8S) and basic 7S globulins and legumin type (11S) globulins were isolated from mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. The native molecular weights of the different globulin types were 360000 for legumin, 200000 for vicilin, and 135000 for basic 7S. Some of the 8S globulin apparently complexed and coeluted with the 11S on gel filtration. On SDS-PAGE, 11S was composed of two bands of 40000 and 24000, 8S was composed of 60000, 48000, 32000, and 26000 bands, and basic 7S was composed of 28000 and 16000 bands. The percent composition of total globulins was estimated to be as follow: 8S, 89%; basic 7S, 3.4%; and 11S, 7.6%. The basic 7S and 11S but not the 8S globulins were found to have disulfide bonds. The presence of carbohydrates by conjugated peroxidase reaction was observed in all bands of 8S, the acidic polypeptide of basic 7S, and its complex but not in 11S. The 28000 basic 7S band and its 42000 complex and the first three major bands of 8S cross-reacted with antibodies to all types of soybean conglycinin subunits (alpha, alpha', and beta), whereas the fourth band cross-reacted only with the anti-beta subunit. None of the mungbean globulins cross-reacted with anti-soybean glycinin. Basic 7S was found to be easily extracted with 0.15 M NaCl, 11S was extracted with 0.35 M NaCl,and 8S was extracted over a wide range of NaCl concentrations. The N-terminal sequences of the different subunits/fragments of the globulins were determined and found to have strong homology with storage proteins of other legumes and crops.
Fetal Alcohol-Related Postnatal Growth Restriction Is Independent of Infant Feeding Practices and Postnatal Alcohol Exposure in a Prospective South African Birth Cohort (2023)

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes growth restriction that worsens in the first year of life. However, the roles of postnatal nutrition in fetal alcohol growth restriction and the impact of postnatal alcohol exposure via breastmilk on growth remain unknown. We aimed to compare infant feeding practices during the first 6.5 months of life between heavy drinkers and abstainers/light drinkers, to examine whether these practices play confounding roles in fetal alcohol growth restriction, and to determine the impact of postnatal alcohol exposure via breastmilk on growth. Eighty-seven heavy-drinking pregnant women and 71 abstainers/light drinkers (controls) were recruited prenatally from antenatal clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic background and alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and methamphetamine use during pregnancy were assessed pre- and postnatally. Infant feeding practices were assessed at 6.5 months postpartum using the USDA Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Infant weight, length, and head circumference were measured at 2 weeks, 6.5 and 12 months, and 5 years. Neither prenatal nor postnatal alcohol consumption was related to the duration of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula, or mixed feeding. Complementary feeding practices were remarkably similar between exposure groups. PAE was related to all postnatal anthropometry measures at all age points, independent of infant feeding practices. Postnatal alcohol exposure via breastmilk was unrelated to any anthropometry outcome after control for PAE. In conclusion, fetal alcohol-related postnatal growth restriction was not attributable to differences in postnatal infant feeding practices or postnatal alcohol exposure and is thus likely a direct teratogenic effect of PAE.
CT perfusion imaging in the early diagnosis of acute stroke. (2005)

Early diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction is critical due to the time limit of thrombolytic treatment. Cerebral computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging is a new technique, which appears to provide early diagnosis of major vessel occlusions in the brain. CT perfusion imaging also provides valuable information about the hemodynamic status of ischemic brain tissue. In this report, we present the CT perfusion findings in comparison to the non-contrast CT and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in two cases of acute cerebral infarction. Non-contrast CT findings were non-specific in the first case and there was minimal hypoattenuation in the superior aspect of the lentiform nucleus in the second case. CT perfusion imaging demonstrated significant perfusion defects in the middle cerebral artery territory in both cases. DW-MR imaging confirmed acute infarctions, which were smaller than the perfusion defect areas in the CT perfusion imaging in both cases.
Identification of optimal renal dosage adjustments for high-dose extended-infusion cefepime dosing regimens in hospitalized patients (2014)

The findings from this study identified renal dose alteration regimens that yielded favourable pharmacodynamic profiles without excessive drug exposure. As these findings were based on mathematical models, they should be validated in the clinical arena.
Coordinated multi-point transmission with limited feedback for LTE-advanced (2011)

Coordinated Multi-Point transmission (CoMP) has been recognized as one of the most promising technologies in the 4th generation (4G) cellular systems. It can significantly increase the spectral efficiency by combining the data from different eNBs. However, the benefits come at the cost of the increased feedback overhead. In the downlink frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, UEs need to feedback their channel state information (CSI) to the eNBs. As the feedback channel is limited, the quantization of the channel coefficients is necessary. In the conventional noncooperative networks, the feedback overhead can be reduced by allowing UEs with good channel qualities to feedback their CSIs, which is known as the selective feedback. In this paper, we extend this scheme to CoMP systems by the introduction of concatenated codebook. Since the quantization of the channel will result in quantization error, we define a new method to calculate the received SNRs from a specific channel taking quantization error into account. Based on this new method, UEs with weak link would not feedback the CSIs to the cooperative eNBs, which reduces the feedback overhead. We also derive the closed-form expression for the feedback overhead in terms of the SNR threshold. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to prove the effectiveness of our new method.
A comparison of axial turbine loss models for air, sCO 2 and ORC turbines across a range of scales (2022)

Loss models are used to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of axial turbines at the preliminary design stage. The commonly used loss models were derived for air and steam turbines and have not been sufficiently investigated for turbines working with non-conventional working fluids, relevant to new power systems, such as organic fluids and supercritical CO2 (sCO2). Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the deviation between the performance predictions of different loss models, namely Dunham and Came, Kacker and Okapuu, Craig and Cox and Aungier, for non-conventional working fluids where turbines may differ in design and operation than conventional air or steam turbines. Additionally, this paper aims to investigate the effect of the turbine scale on the trends in the performance predictions of these models. Three different case-studies are defined for air, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and sCO2 turbines and each one is evaluated at two different scales. It is found that the selected loss models resulted in varying loss predictions; particularly for predicting the losses due to the clearance gap for all small scale designs. Furthermore, large variations were found in predicting the effect of the flow regime on the turbine performance for all models.
CD34+ human marrow cells that express low levels of Kit protein are enriched for long-term marrow-engrafting cells (1996)

Using in utero transplantation into fetal sheep, we examined the capability of human bone marrow CD34+ cells fractionated based on Kit protein expression to provide long-term in vivo engraftment. Twelve hundred to 5,000 CD34+ Kit-, CD34+ Kit(low), and CD34+ Kit(high) cells were injected into a total of 14 preimmune fetal sheep recipients using the amniotic bubble technique. Six fetuses were killed in utero 1.5 months after bone marrow cell transplantation. Two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit(low) cells showed signs of engraftment according to analysis of CD45+ cells in their bone marrow cells and karyotype studies of the colonies grown in methylcellulose culture. In contrast, two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit(high) cells and two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit- cells failed to show evidence of significant engraftment. Two fetuses were absorbed. A total of six fetuses receiving different cell populations were allowed to proceed to term, and the newborn sheep were serially examined for the presence of chimerism. Again, only the two sheep receiving CD34+ Kit(low) cells exhibited signs of engraftment upon serial examination. Earlier in studies of murine hematopoiesis, we have shown stage-specific changes in Kit expression by the progenitors. The studies of human cells reported here are in agreement with observations in mice, and indicate that human hematopoietic stem cells are enriched in the Kit(low) population.
Point of View (2002)

From the Spine Program, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The device(s)/drug(s) that is/are the subject of this manuscript is/are not FDA-approved for this indication and is/are not commercially available in the United States. No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence to Andrew J. Haig, MD, Spine Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0042, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Improved Performance of Top-Emissive Polymer Light-Emitting Device with Semitransparent Ag Cathode with the Aid of Au Nanoparticles (2007)

An efficient top-emissive polymer light-emitting diode (T-PLED) employing Ag as a semitransparent cathode is achieved by adding Au nanoparticles to a phenyl-substituted poly(para-phenylene vinylene) copolymer (HY-PPV). The efficiency of the T-PLED with Au nanoparticles is 3.4 cd/A, which is much higher than that of the T-PLED without such particles (0.15 cd/A). The superior performance of the device is attributed to the balance between the electron and hole currents induced by the Au nanoparticles, which increases the probability of hole–electron recombination. Furthermore, the device's stability in air can be significantly improved because of the use of stable electrodes.
Expression and Function of Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2020)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely linked to hepatic fibrosis. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is the key event of liver fibrosis and activated HSC are major players in hepatocarcinogenesis. Following activation, HSC produce fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) to promote liver regeneration. FGF signaling plays a major role in development, differentiation and wound healing. The FGF family comprises 22 proteins that can be classified into paracrine, intracrine and endocrine factors. FGFs signal through transmembrane tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). Overexpression of FGFRs contributes to HCC development and progression. However, the expression and tumorigenic effects of FGFR-ligands in HCC are largely unknown.
The role of B-cell receptor inhibitors in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2015)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a malignancy of mature auto-reactive B cells. Genetic and functional studies implicate B-cell receptor signaling as a pivotal pathway in its pathogenesis. Full B-cell receptor activation requires tumor-microenvironment interactions in lymphoid tissues. Spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) δ isoform are essential for B-cell receptor signal transduction but also mediate the effect of other pathways engaged in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in the tissue-microenvironment. Orally bioavailable inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, or PI3Kδ, induce high rates of durable responses. Ibrutinib, a covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and idelalisib, a selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ, have obtained regulatory approval in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ibrutinib and idelalisib are active in patients with high-risk features, achieving superior disease control in difficult-to-treat patients than prior best therapy, making them the preferred agents for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with TP53 aberrations and for patients resistant to chemoimmunotherapy. In randomized trials, both ibrutinib, versus ofatumumab, and idelalisib in combination with rituximab, versus placebo with rituximab improved survival in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Responses to B-cell receptor inhibitors are mostly partial, and within clinical trials treatment is continued until progression or occurrence of intolerable side effects. Ibrutinib and idelalisib are, overall, well tolerated; notable adverse events include increased bruising and incidence of atrial fibrillation on ibrutinib and colitis, pneumonitis and transaminase elevations on idelalisib. Randomized trials investigate the role of B-cell receptor inhibitors in first-line therapy and the benefit of combinations. This review discusses the biological basis for targeted therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with B-cell receptor inhibitors, and summarizes the clinical experience with these agents.
Progestins Activate the AKT Pathway in Leiomyoma Cells and Promote Survival (2009)

The progestin, R5020, can rapidly activate the AKT pathway. Inhibition of the AKT pathway inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of leiomyoma cells.
Wound Coverage After Modified Hip Disarticulation Using a Total Adductor Myocutaneous Flap (1997)

There are several options available for wound coverage after hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy. Standard flaps for closure are not always available due to the 3-dimensional extent of the tumor and availability of satisfactory tissue for coverage. This article details a new coverage technique after a modified hip disarticulation using a total adductor myocutaneous flap in a patient with radiation induced osteosarcoma of the femur after Ewing's sarcoma. In this case, neither the commonly used posterior flap nor an anterior flap could be used because of the location of the tumor and the presence of radiation induced skin and soft tissue changes. The total adductor myocutaneous flap allowed for wide surgical margins, avoided soft tissue coverage using previously irradiated soft tissue flaps, and provided excellent coverage without requiring the use of free or pedicle based flaps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties, and X‐Ray Structure of 6‐Aza‐5,7,12,14‐ tetrathiapentacene as a Novel Polyheterocyclic Electron Donor, and Related Compounds. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Organ-Protective Strategy as the Management of Hyperglycemia (2011)

侵襲に対するストレス反応は生体防御反応であるが，ストレス誘導性高血糖は糖新生の亢進，糖利用の低下，インスリン分泌低下によってもたらされる．高血糖は炎症反応，酸化ストレスの亢進，HMGB1の遊離を通じて臓器傷害をもたらす可能性がある．このため血糖管理の重要性が指摘され，この背景には(1)高血糖は糖毒性をもたらすこと，(2)インスリンには抗炎症作用があること，(3)強化インスリン療法により生存率が改善されたこと，が関係している．しかしNICE SUGAR studyでは強化インスリン療法による厳密な血糖管理は低血糖を生じる危険性が強く，各施設でのスタッフの充実度に応じた対応が必要であるとしている．重症患者の栄養管理は重要な管理項目の一つである．高血糖を恐れるあまり，低栄養状態が維持されるとオートファジーが誘導される．過剰に活性化されたオートファジーは細胞死につながる可能性があり，新たな臓器傷害機構として注目されている．高血糖病態の管理にはただ単に血糖値のみを追随するのではなく，その背後にある病態，栄養管理法などを把握したうえで対処することが重要である．
A RISC controlled motion estimation processor for MPEG-2 and HDTV encoding (2002)

Describes the architecture of a hierarchical motion estimation processor, with respect to the MPEG-2 encoding standard. This processor can also be used in HDTV applications. The motion estimation processing is in 2 steps: first full-pixel then half-pixel. Several modes are possible, depending on the image types (I, P or B-MPEG terminology, frame based or field based). A decision is taken in this processor to choose the best mode. The architecture is based on a RISC controller, external DRAMs to store anchor frames and specific hardware for processing the distortions. The architecture was chosen to achieve high performance, programmability and high memory bandwidth.
Endostatin Therapy Alone or in Combination with Interferon in Metastatic Melanoma (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Angiogenesis
β-Amyloid fibrils catalyze neurotransmitter degradation (2021)

Amyloid fibrils are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although a causative link between plaque-forming amyloid fibrils and AD pathology remains to be clarified. This study demonstrates, for the first time for a naturally occurring amyloid, that fibrils comprising the 42-residue amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) exhibit significant catalytic properties. Aβ42 fibrils catalyzed the hydrolysis of the model ester para-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and of acetylthiocholine, a surrogate for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Aβ42 fibrils also catalyzed oxidation of the prominent neurotransmitters dopamine and adrenaline. Importantly, the catalytic activity was specifically manifested by mature Aβ42 fibrils and not the peptide monomers or oligomeric Aβ42, the putative neurotoxic species. Furthermore, maximal catalytic activity was recorded by the full-length Aβ42 fibrils, whereas fibrillar assemblies comprising Aβ42 subdomains were significantly less catalytic. The catalytic activity of Aβ fibrils could exhibit insidious roles in AD pathophysiology.
Quantitative dopamine transporter imaging studies in nonhuman primates with a GE Advance and high resolution research tomography (HRRT) PET scanners (2007)

541 Objectives: To quantify [11C]methylphenidate ([11C]MP) striatum binding in monkeys with a GE Advance and high resolution research tomography (HRRT) PET scanners. Methods: Dopamine transporter imaging using [11C]MP was performed on two groups: 21 Rhesus monkeys (body weight 3-5 kg) scanned on HRRT; and 24 cynomologous monkeys (body weight 5-9 kg) scanned on GE Advance. A bolus of [11C]MP was injected intravenously and dynamic images of 30 frames were reconstructed for 90 min data acquisition in each study. The measured striatum time activity curve (TAC) was analyzed by two reference tissue methods using cerebellum TAC as input: a simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) (Lammertsam and Hume, 1996, Neuroimage 4: 153-158); and graphical analysis (GA) (Logan et al., 1996, JCBFM 16: 834-840). The BP estimated by the GA as a function of the population mean of k2R (the efflux rate constant of [11C]MP in cerebellum) in [0.02 0.2] were generated. Results: The estimates of (R1(the transport rate ratio of striatum to cerebellum), k2(the efflux rate constant in striatum), BP (binding potential), and k2R (calculated as k2/R1 after model fitting)) (mean ± SD) from the SRTM were (1.114 ± 0.135, 0.072 ± 0.020, 2.811 ± 0.343, 0.064 ± 0.015 ) for Rhesus monkeys with HRRT scanner and (0.938 ± 0.109, 0.036 ± 0.007, 1.852 ± 0.363, 0.039 ± 0.008 ) for cynomologous monkeys with GE Advance scanner. The BP estimates from GA decreased monotonically in k2R. The BP estimates from GA were not significantly different from those obtained by SRTM for the given k2R in [0.053 0.063] in HRRT group study and k2R in [0.035 0.039] in GE Advance group. Conclusions: The parameters of R1, k2, BP, and k2R estimated from the SRTM method for the Rhesus monkeys with HRRT scanner studies were significantly higher than those from the cynomologous monkeys with GE Advance scanner. The [11C]MP BP estimates from the GA approach is sensitive to the pre-determined population mean of k2R. Research Support (if any): Grant support AA12839, DA00412, NS38927, MH075378