gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual grating approach for Monte Carlo simulations of edge illumination-based x-ray phase contrast imaging (2022)

The design of new x-ray phase contrast imaging setups often relies on Monte Carlo simulations for prospective parameter studies. Monte Carlo simulations are known to be accurate but time consuming, leading to long simulation times, especially when many parameter variations are required. This is certainly the case for imaging methods relying on absorbing masks or gratings, with various tunable properties, such as pitch, aperture size, and thickness. In this work, we present the virtual grating approach to overcome this limitation. By replacing the gratings in the simulation with virtual gratings, the parameters of the gratings can be changed after the simulation, thereby significantly reducing the overall simulation time. The method is validated by comparison to explicit grating simulations, followed by representative demonstration cases.
Induction, Persistence and Strain Specificity of Haemagglutinin-specific Secretory Antibodies in Lungs of Mice after Intragastric Administration of Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines (1988)

Two split influenza virus vaccines administered intragastrically induced lower titres of haemagglutinin (HA)-specific antibodies in pulmonary secretions than whole virus vaccine or a third split virus vaccine. IgA antibody was the predominant HA-specific Ig class. HA-specific IgA titres decayed substantially within 2 weeks following booster immunization, but persisted for at least another 3.5 months. In contrast, HA-specific IgG was maintained at low titres throughout the 4 month study period. When the total vaccine antigenic mass was administered as one dose or as equally divided doses spread over several days, pulmonary antibody responses were comparable. Mice immunized intragastrically with whole virus vaccine were completely protected against intranasal challenge with a homologous virulent virus of the H3 subtype. Partial protection was obtained when the vaccine used for immunization was a distantly related, antigenically variant strain of the same subtype, but no protection was obtained with a monovalent vaccine of an influenza A subtype different to the challenge virus. These characteristics of the response to intragastric immunization against influenza are consistent with features of a useful vaccine.
Damnacanthal is a potent inducer of apoptosis with anticancer activity by stimulating p53 and p21 genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (2014)

Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone compound, is isolated from the roots of <i>Morinda citrifolia L.</i> (noni), which has been used for traditional therapy in several chronic diseases, including cancer. Although noni has long been consumed in Asian and Polynesian countries, the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts several benefits are starting to emerge. In the present study, the effect of damnacanthal on MCF-7 cell growth regulation was investigated. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with damnacanthal for 72 h indicated an antiproliferative activity. The MTT method confirmed that damnacanthal inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 8.2 μg/ml for 72 h. In addition, the drug was found to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 checkpoint in MCF-7 cells by cell cycle analysis. Damnacanthal induced apoptosis, determined by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) dual-labeling, acridine-orange/PI dyeing and caspase-7 expression. Furthermore, damnacanthal-mediated apoptosis involves the sustained activation of p21, leading to the transcription of p53 and the Bax gene. Overall, the present study provided significant evidence demonstrating that p53-mediated damnacanthal induced apoptosis through the activation of p21 and caspase-7.
A Definition of Mathematical Beauty and Its History (2012)

I define mathematical beauty as cognisability and trace the import of this notion through several episodes from the history of mathematics.
Mixed Chinese/English document auto-processing based on the periodicity (2005)

A novel approach based on the periodicity is presented. Opposite to previous approaches, global characteristic is employed. To verify the effectiveness of new approach, two systems are implemented. Experiment shows that error rate drops from 0.163% to 0.104% when new algorithm is employed, more than 1/3 of errors are excluded.
Instant Messaging / Presence Protocol Requirements (2000)

Presence and Instant Messaging have recently emerged as a new medium of communications over the Internet.Presence is a means for finding, retrieving, and subscribing to changes in the presence information (e.g."online" or "offline") of other users.Instant messaging is a means for sending small, simple messages that are delivered immediately to online users.Applications of presence and instant messaging currently use independent, non-standard and non-interoperable protocols developed by various vendors.The goal of the Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IMPP) Working Group is to define a standard protocol so that independently developed applications of instant messaging and/or presence can interoperate across the Internet.This document defines a minimal set of requirements that IMPP must meet.
Application of MML to Motor Skills Acquisition (2006)

Study on modeling human psychomotor behaviour based on tracked motion data is reported. The motion data is acquired through various integrated inertial sensors, and represented as Euler angles and accelerations. The minimum message length (MML) algorithm is used to identify frames of intrinsic segmentations and to acquire a classification basis for unsupervised machine learning. The classification model can ultimately be deployed in recognizing certain skilled behaviors. The prior results are analyzed as FSMs' (finite state machines) to extract the potential rules underlying behaviors. The progress made so far and plan for further work is reported.
Thermoelectric Performance: Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in CuSbSe2 Nanoplate‐Based Pellets by Texture Engineering and Carrier Concentration Optimization (Small 50/2018) (2018)

In article number 1803092, Qingyu Yan, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, and co-workers develop a bottom-up self-assembly process to prepare CuSbSe2-PtTe2 based pellets with highly oriented single-crystalline nanoplates, which results in an orientation factor of ≈0.8 for (00l) facets. The texture engineering and carrier concentration optimization enable an ≈500% enhanced ZT value (0.50 at 673 K) for CuSbSe2-2.0 mol% PtTe2 compared to pure CuSbSe2.
Leupaxin Expression Is Dispensable for B Cell Immune Responses (2020)

The generation of a potent humoral immune response by B cells relies on the integration of signals induced by the B cell receptor, toll-like receptors and both negative and positive co-receptors. Several reports also suggest that integrin signaling plays an important role in this process. How integrin signaling is regulated in B cells is however still partially understood. Integrin activity and function are controlled by several mechanisms including regulation by molecular adaptors of the paxillin family. In B cells, Leupaxin (Lpxn) is the most expressed member of the family and <i>in vitro</i> studies suggest that it could dampen BCR signaling. Here, we report that <i>Lpxn</i> expression is increased in germinal center B cells compared to naïve B cells. Moreover, <i>Lpxn</i> deficiency leads to decreased B cell differentiation into plasma cells <i>in vitro</i>. However, Lpxn seems dispensable for the generation of a potent B cell immune response <i>in vivo</i>. Altogether our results suggest that Lpxn is dispensable for T-dependent and T-independent B cell immune responses.
Carbon nanomaterial-based wing temperature control system for in-flight anti-icing and de-icing of unmanned aerial vehicles (2015)

Structural changes due to ice accretion are common causes for unmanned aerial vehicle incidents in Arctic regions. For fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) the leading edge of airfoil surfaces is one of the primary surfaces exposed to these changes, causing a significant reduction in aerodynamic ability, i.e. decreasing lift and manoeuvrability, and increasing drag, weight, and consequently power consumption. Managing or altogether preventing ice accretion could potentially prevent icing related UAV incidents and increase the operability of UAVs. This paper addresses the issue of structural change, caused by ice accretion, on small UAVs by integrating a power control system and an electrically conductive carbon nano material based coating for temperature control of UAV airfoil surfaces. Performance assessment is achieved through extensive laboratory experiments, where various coating layouts have been investigated in various conditions, with temperatures ranging from +25° to −25°. The experimental setup consists of an Arduino microcontroller capable of controlling power delivery to the coating through feedback from thermocouples and a humidity sensor, sensing the surface temperature of the leading edge of the UAV wing and ambient humidity, respectively. Experiments reveal that a layout, where the coating covers the entire length of an wing is preferable, with the solution being highly capable of rapidly increasing the airfoil surface temperature (de-icing) when needed, and of maintaining an approximately constant airfoil surface temperature (anti-icing) when needed, all the while keeping power and energy consumption within weight and cost constraints imposed by the small scale of the UAV. The results represents a proof of concept by using an electrically conductive coating for de-icing and anti-icing of leading edge UAV airfoils.
Predictors of an Appropriate Admission to an ICU after a Major Pulmonary Resection (2005)

This empirical protocol was useful in identifying patients not likely to need admission to the ICU. ASA score, predictive postoperative DL(CO), and PPP are independent predictors of a need for admission to an ICU.
Generating an oilseed rape mutant with non-abscising floral organs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology (2022)

Oilseed rape plants with abscission-defective ﬂoral organs acquired through genome editing show less susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and longer ﬂowering-period for flower tourism.
Preferential Th1 Immune Response in Invariant Chain-Deficient Mice (2002)

MHC class II molecules associate with the invariant chain (Ii) molecule during biosynthesis. Ii facilitates the folding of class II molecules, interferes with their peptide association, and is involved in MHC class II transport. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro and in vivo immune response of Ii-deficient mice (Ii(-/-)). Our results have demonstrated that CD4(+) T cells from Ii(-/-) mice proliferate normally in vitro after in vivo immunization with protein Ags. However, cytokine secretion profiles of Ag-primed CD4(+) T cells from Ii(-/-) mice differ from CD4(+) T cells from wild-type mice. Whereas cells from wild-type mice secrete IFN-gamma and IL-4, cells from Ii(-/-) mice secrete mostly IFN-gamma. Moreover, Ii(-/-) mice exhibit a normal Th1 response in the delayed-type hypersensitivity and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis models; however, these mice lack an in vivo Th2 response, as demonstrated in the asthma model. Therefore, we suggest that defective Ag presentation in Ii(-/-) mice leads selectively to a Th1 effector response.
Highly Microporous Activated Carbons with Industrial Potential for Selective Adsorption of Ethane over Ethylene (2021)

Selective capture of ethane (C2H6) from ethylene (C2H4) mixtures is critical for the direct production of polymer-grade ethylene. However, it remains a great challenge to design industrially potential porous materials with satisfied capacity and separation selectivity. Herein, we reported a series of low cost and easy-attainable biomass carbon-derived activated carbons (ACs) by alkali activation that show remarkable C2H6/C2H4 separation performance. A systematic research study was conducted to study the effects of different carbon sources, different activators, and activation temperatures on their separation performance of the corresponding afforded ACs. The C2H6 adsorption capacity (6.36 mmol g–1) and the C2H6/C2H4 (1/1 v/v) selectivity (2.6) of alkali-treated coconut shell ACs CAC-X-Y (X represents the activated temperature, Y represents the ratio of KOH/C) are superior to those of the most reported ethane-selective materials, and 99.9% purity of C2H4 could be directly obtained from C2H6/C2H4 mixtures. It is noteworthy that the cost of CAC-derived ACs is estimated to be only around $20 per kg, demonstrating their great industrial potential for gas separations.
Cytokinin Production by the Rice Blast Fungus Is a Pivotal Requirement for Full Virulence (2016)

Plants produce cytokinin (CK) hormones for controlling key developmental processes like source/sink distribution, cell division or programmed cell-death. Some plant pathogens have been shown to produce CKs but the function of this mimicry production by non-tumor inducing pathogens, has yet to be established. Here we identify a gene required for CK biosynthesis, CKS1, in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The fungal-secreted CKs are likely perceived by the plant during infection since the transcriptional regulation of rice CK-responsive genes is altered in plants infected by the mutants in which CKS1 gene was deleted. Although cks1 mutants showed normal in vitro growth and development, they were severely affected for in planta growth and virulence. Moreover, we showed that the cks1 mutant triggered enhanced induction of plant defenses as manifested by an elevated oxidative burst and expression of defense-related markers. In addition, the contents of sugars and key amino acids for fungal growth were altered in and around the infection site by the cks1 mutant in a different manner than by the control strain. These results suggest that fungal-derived CKs are key effectors required for dampening host defenses and affecting sugar and amino acid distribution in and around the infection site.
Effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical precancer in Japan: Multivariate analyses adjusted for sexual activity (2022)

Japanese girls aged 12-16 years are offered free human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening is conducted with cytology and not HPV testing from the age of 20 years. So far, no study has analyzed the effect of HPV vaccination against cervical precancers considering HPV infection status and sexual activity. We aimed to analyze the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against HPV infection and cytological abnormalities, adjusted for sexual activity. This study comprised women aged 20-26 years who underwent cervical screening in Niigata. We obtained HPV vaccination status from municipal records and a questionnaire along with information concerning sexual activity. Of 5194 women registered for this study, final analyses included 3167 women in the vaccinated group (2821 vaccinated women prior to sexual debut) and 1386 women in the unvaccinated group. HPV 16/18 (0.2% vs 3.5%), 31/45/52 (3.4% vs 6.6%), and 31/33/45/52/58 (5.0% vs 9.3%) positive rates were significantly lower in the vaccinated group (P < 0.001). No women vaccinated before sexual debut had HPV 16/18-related cytological abnormalities. VE for HPV 16/18 infection and high-grade cytological abnormalities in women vaccinated prior to sexual debut were 95.8% (95% CI 81.9-99.0%; P < 0.001) and 78.3% (95% CI 11.3-94.7%; P = 0.033), respectively, in multivariate analyses adjusted for age and number of sexual partners. However, analyses of all vaccinated women did not show significant effectiveness against cytological abnormalities. Our results showed the effectiveness of HPV vaccine against high-grade cervical cytological abnormalities and the importance of the vaccination before sexual debut.
Tumour necrosis factor in the bronchoalveolar secretions of infants with the respiratory distress syndrome and the effect of dexamethasone treatment. (1992)

Tumour necrosis factor may contribute to the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, as suggested for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The therapeutic effects of dexamethasone treatment in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome may be mediated, at least in part, by reduced production of pulmonary tumour necrosis factor.
Factores asociados a la aparición de mediastinitis en 2.073 revascularizaciones miocárdicas (2014)

La mediastinitis, entidad de etiología multifactorial, ocurre hasta en 4% de los pacientes sometidos a revascularización miocárdica, y se reporta una mortalidad hospitalaria de 14% a 47%, que genera aumento en los costos de atención y deterioro de la calidad de vida así como de la sobrevida del paciente a largo plazo. Determinar cuáles antecedentes clínicos del paciente y factores relacionados con el procedimiento quirúrgico se asocian con la aparición de mediastinitis. Diseño de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte histórica de pacientes sometidos a revascularización miocárdica en el periodo de enero de 2005 a julio de 2011. Los pacientes con mediastinitis se compararon con un grupo control sin mediastinitis tomados del mismo grupo de riesgo en una relación 1:4, y pareados por fecha de cirugía. El diagnóstico de mediastinitis se hizo con criterios clínicos, de laboratorio y hallazgos quirúrgicos. Se identificaron treinta casos en el periodo relacionado. Los factores asociados a la aparición del evento fueron: diabetes mellitus OR 2,3 (1,1–4,9), uso de circulación extracor-pórea OR 2,4 (1,1–5,5), tiempo de perfusión OR 1,1 (1,1–1,3) y pacientes mayores de 70 años OR 1,1 (1,2–1,4). La mediastinitis sigue siendo una complicación de baja prevalencia con consecuencias devastadoras. El impacto clínico y económico de esta complicación debe obligar a los grupos quirúrgicos a crear estrategias de prevención con base en el conocimiento de los factores de riesgo de su población. Mediastinitis is a multifactorial entity which occurs in up to 4% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). It has a hospital mortality of 14% to 47%, which generates increased costs of care and deterioration of the quality of life and patient survival in the long term. To determine which clinical antecedents and factors related to the surgical procedure are associated with the occurrence of mediastinitis. A nested case control study in a historical cohort of patients undergoing CABG in the period January 2005 to July 2011. Patients with mediastinitis were compared with a control group without mediastinitis taken from the same risk group in a 1:4 ratio and matched for date of surgery. The diagnosis of mediastinitis was made on clinical and laboratory criteria and surgical findings. Thirty cases were identified in the related period. Factors associated with the occurrence of the event were: diabetes mellitus OR 2.3 (1.1 to 4.9), use of extracorporeal circulation OR 2.4 (1.1–5.5), OR 1 perfusion time, 1 (1.1 to 1.3) and patients older than 70 years OR 1.1 (1.2–1.4). Mediastinitis remains complications of low prevalence with devastating consequences. The clinical and economic impact of this complication should compel surgical groups to create prevention strategies based on knowledge of the risk factors of the population.
TENSION STRAIGHTENING AND DESTRESSING OF RAILS (1983)

Presentation of a tension straightening process studied, developed and patented by SACILOR (Lorraine Steel and Rolling Mills Company) from 1979 to 1982, with technical (straigthening, destressing, higher elasticity values) advantages as well as economic ones (no additional investment in hydraulic presses to straighten ends, lower operating costs than those for roller straightening).
#3286 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF HEMODIALYSIS THROUGH LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA): IN-CENTRE HEMODIALYSIS VS HOME-HEMODIALYSIS (2023)

Abstract Background and Aims Despite being energy and resource-intensive, hemodialysis (HD) is the most common therapy for end stage kidney disease. Considering the extensive amount of energy, water, and consumables involved, this modality is expected to have a significant environmental impact. Through a comparative lifecycle assessment (LCA), this study aims to analyze the environmental impacts of hemodialysis in British Columbia, Canada. Method A process-based life cycle assessment was performed for three hemodialysis modalities: i) in-centre HD (ICHD), ii) home HD with NxStage machine (HHD-Nx), and iii) home HD with Baxter AK-98 machine (HHD-B). The scope of study included patient and staff commute, supply transportation, dialysis services, patient training for home hemodialysis, and waste management. The functional unit considered is HD energy and material consumption for one patient per year. Based on the patient's record, two prescriptions including standard (three dialysis sessions per week for 4 hours daily) and extended (six HD sessions per week for 8 hours daily) were considered. LCAs were performed using ISO 14040, 14041 standards in which ReCiPe (world) midpoint method and a cut-off criterion of 0.5% was used to assess the environmental impacts of selected impact categories. Results For both prescriptions, ICHD had highest impact on all environmental impact categories (climate change, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, particulate matter formation, marine ecotoxicity and water depletion), except ozone depletion in which HHD-B had highest impact. The fewest impacts were associated with HHD-Nx. CO2 emissions observed for a standard HD prescription are 3590 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq) per patient/year by ICHD, 1350 kg CO2eq/patient/year by HHD-B and 733 kg CO2eq/patient/year by HHD-Nx. For extended prescriptions, the highest impact observed is from HHD-B (2210 kg CO2eq/patient/year) followed by HHD-Nx (1110 kg CO2eq/patient/year). With respect to ICHD, HHD-Nx only accounts for 13% (standard) and 18% (extended) of total environmental impact. Patient and staff commute in ICHD (40% of total impact) and dialysis services in HHD (75% in HHD-B and 63% in HHD-Nx) are the highest contributors to the majority of environmental impacts. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the environmental impacts of various modes of HHD through LCA. HD modalities have substantial differences in their environmental impacts as compared to ICHD, both HHD systems have lower impact, with NxStage having less impact than Baxter. Our results also demonstrate that a shift from standard to extended prescriptions increases overall environmental impact by 5%. Combined with existing clinical and economic data, these results could assist policy and decision-makers to optimize the provision of kidney replacement therapies. Lower environmental impact of HHD may add to the patient and provider appeal of these therapies, and when clinical equipoise exists, NxStage may be preferred over Baxter in eligible patients.
Fully Automated Four-Column Capillary LC−MS System for Maximizing Throughput in Proteomic Analyses (2007)

We describe a four-column, high-pressure capillary liquid chromatography (LC) system for robust, high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS(/MS)) analyses. This system performs multiple LC separations in parallel, but staggers each of them such that the data-rich region of each separation is sampled sequentially. By allowing nearly continuous data acquisition, this design maximizes the use of the mass spectrometer. Each analytical column is connected to a corresponding ESI emitter in order to avoid the use of postcolumn switching and associated dead volume issues. Encoding translation stages are employed to sequentially position the emitters at the MS inlet. The high reproducibility of this system is demonstrated using consecutive analyses of global tryptic digest of the microbe Shewanella oneidensis.