gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative relationship between dysplastic aberrant crypt foci and tumorigenesis in the Min/+ mouse colon. (2001)

The multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min)/+ mouse, which harbors only one functional allele of the Apc gene, is susceptible to environmental factors that disrupt this gene and subsequently trigger Apc-driven tumorigenesis in the colon. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are assumed to be preneoplastic lesions in colon carcinogenesis. Recently, we reported the absence of "classical" ACF in the colon of untreated Min/+ mice. Instead we identified flat dysplastic lesions, which we denoted ACF(Min) (J. E. Paulsen et al., Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 35: 534-539, 2000). In contrast to the classical type, ACF(Min) are not elevated above the surrounding mucosa, and their detection is totally dependent on methylene blue staining and transillumination. In the present study, we treated Min/+ mice with 5 mg/kg body weight azoxymethane (AOM) at weeks 1 and 2 and demonstrated induction of both types of lesions. However, only ACF(Min) appeared to be associated with the development of adenomas. Monocryptal ACF(Min), large ACF(Min), and adenomas showed a uniform histopathological picture of dysplasia and cytoplasmic overexpression of beta-catenin, indicating a qualitative relationship between these lesions. Also a quantitative relationship was suggested because the dramatic decrease in ACF(Min) number from week 7 to 11 was paralleled by a reciprocal increase in tumor number, indicating fast-crypt multiplication of ACF(Min). In AOM-treated +/+ (wild-type) littermates, a low number of ACF(Min) and tumors with the same characteristics as in Min/+ mice was seen. In contrast to ACF(Min), histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of classical ACF showed normal or hyperplastic crypts with normal levels of beta-catenin expression. In AOM-treated Min/+ mice, the number of classical ACF was virtually constant from week 7 to 11, and only a modest increase of crypt multiplicity was observed. The number of AOM-induced classical ACF at week 11 was not different in Min/+ mice and +/+ mice. In conclusion, we identified two distinct populations of altered crypts in the colon of Min/+ mice after AOM treatment. The ACF(Min), which resemble the dysplastic ACF described previously, clearly showed a continuous development from the monocryptal stage to adenoma, and they were characterized by fast-growing crypts with altered control of beta-catenin. In contrast, the classical ACF, which resemble the hyperplastic ACF described previously, were characterized by slow-growing crypts with normal beta-catenin expression, and they were probably not related to tumorigenesis.
A data acquisition system based on Raspberry Pi: Design, construction and evaluation (2016)

This paper presents the construction of a low-cost data acquisition system (DAS) prototype based on Raspberry Pi-2 microcomputer. The prototype is designed to operate as a standalone system without the need for an additional personal computer (PC). It performs the data acquisition, online plotting and data logging, simultaneously. This is a general-purpose setup, as it is capable of reading any analog sensor giving output in the designed range, or through appropriate signal conditioning. The system is tested in a Mechanical laboratory by collecting data which are compared to a benchmark DAS. Statistical analyses are also performed on the acquired data. It is proved that both signals are identical with only minor differences.
Effect of Intestinal Microbiota on Exercise Performance in Mice (2014)

The antioxidant enzyme system helps protect against intense exercise-induced oxidative damage and is related to the physical status of athletes. Evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota may be an important environmental factor associated with host metabolism, physiology, and antioxidant endogenous defense. However, evidence of the effect of gut microbiota status on exercise performance and physical fatigue is limited. We investigated the association of intestinal bacteria and exercise performance in specific pathogen-free (SPF), germ-free (GF), and Bacteroides fragilis (BF) gnotobiotic mice. Endurance swimming time was longer for SPF and BF than GF mice, and the weight of liver, muscle, brown adipose, and epididymal fat pads was higher for SPF and BF than GF mice. The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were greater in SPF than GF mice. Serum superoxide dismutase activity was lower in BF than SPF and GF mice. In addition, hepatic GPx level was higher in SPF than GF and BF mice. Gut microbial status could be crucial for exercise performance and its potential action linked with the antioxidant enzyme system in athletes.
Synthetic Strategies and Structural Aspects of Metal-Mediated Multiporphyrin Assemblies (2006)

Porphyrins play a major role as active chromophores in artificial systems mimicking the natural photoinduced processes. The formation of coordination bonds between peripheral donor sites on the porphyrins and external metal fragments has proven to be an efficient alternative to covalent synthesis for the construction of multiporphyrin assemblies, whose complexity and beauty gradually approach those of the multichromophore systems found in nature. In a modular approach, relatively simple metal-mediated porphyrin adducts, owing to their thermodynamic and kinetic stability, can be exploited as building blocks in the construction of higher order architectures. Thus, multichromophore systems become accessible on demand, with a limited synthetic effort. The collection of solid-state structures reported here demonstrates that the flexibility of the porphyrins and the metal junctions, combined with the conformational freedom of the coordination bonds, may lead to assemblies with hardly predictable architectures. Examples in which X-ray structural determination was essential for establishing the real composition and geometry of the multiporphyrin assemblies are highlighted.
Suspected ciliary dysfunction in Chinese Shar Pei pups with pneumonia (1990)

Chronic pneumonia was investigated in a litter of young Chinese Shar Pei in which 4 of 6 dogs were affected. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA, IgG, IgM) determined by radial immunodiffusion varied over time, but were not consistently lower in affected dogs, compared with control dogs. Two dogs that died had hydrocephalus and lymphoid depletion, in addition to severe broncho-pneumonia. Evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure in 2 affected dogs revealed random orientation of adjacent respiratory tract or oviductal cilia and a greater number of microtubular disarrangements, compared with control dogs. In vivo tracheal mucociliary clearance of 99mtechnetium macroaggregated albumin was absent in 1 dog examined. The ciliary abnormalities were suspected to have resulted in an inefficient mucociliary transport system predisposing to the development of pneumonia. Further evaluation of 1 Chinese Shar Pei revealed lymphocyte mitogenesis results that were not consistently less than those of a control dog, normal total hemolytic complement values, and normal blood neutrophil chemotaxis.
Ring-Opening Polymerization for Hyperbranched Polycationic Gene Delivery Vectors with Excellent Serum Tolerance (2014)

In order to improve the transfection efficiency (TE) and biocompatibility, we synthesized a series of hyperbranched cationic polymers by ring-opening polymerization between diepoxide and several polyamines. These materials can condense plasmid DNA efficiently into nanoparticles that have much lower cytotoxicity than those derived from bPEI. In vitro transfection experiments showed that polymers prepared from branched or cyclic polyamine (P1 and P5) exhibited TE several times higher than 25KDa bPEI. More significantly, serum seemed to have no negative effect on P1-P5 mediated transfection. On the contrary, the TE of P1 improved, even when the serum concentration reached 70%. Several assays demonstrated the excellent serum tolerance of such polycationic vectors: bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption assay revealed considerably lower protein adsorption of P1-P5 than PEI; P1 showed better DNA protection ability from degradation by DNase I than PEI; flow cytometry results suggested that any concentration of serum may not decrease the cellular uptake of P1/DNA polyplex; and confocal laser scanning microscopy also found that serum has little effect on the transfection. By using specific cellular uptake inhibitors, we found that the polyplexes enter the cells mainly via caveolae and microtubule-mediated pathways. We believe that this ring-opening polymerization may be an effective synthetic approach toward gene delivery materials with high biological activity.
REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS FOR IRRIGATED COTTON: IS SOIL COMPACTION A CONCERN? (2001)

Conventional cotton tillage operations tend to be energyintensive. While reduced tillage systems have been shownto offer significant energy savings over conventional systems, growers have considered soil compaction to be a problem.Studies conducted at two sites, one lasting three years and the other six years, did not show any evidence of compactionincreasing with minimum tillage treatments over time, as indicated by soil penetration resistance values. However from springto fall, penetration resistance values for all tillage systems, including the conventional system, increased. The increase waslikely due to two factors: drier soil conditions in the fall, and compaction brought about by approximately 1 m (40 in.) of furrowirrigation water that was applied to produce the cotton crop.
Macrocycles in Drug Discovery (2014)

This book reviews macrocycles in drug discovery, both those of natural origin and semi-synthetic derivatives of natural products, and those designed and synthesized based on principles of medicinal chemistry. The medicinal chemistry of macrocyclic natural products is interesting in itself, but lessons learned from these compounds, in terms of the relationship between structure and desirable physicochemical properties, are now informing the design of fully synthetic macrocyclic drug candidates against a variety of targets including kinases, ATPases, proteases, GPCRs and others. Furthermore, as more non-classical drug targets, such as protein–protein interactions, are pursued in the pharmaceutical industry, macrocyclic molecules are generating increasing interest as they offer a way to provide drug–protein interactions that cover a larger surface area than traditional small molecules. A variety of macrocycles have become important drugs or have been identified as leads to marketed drugs. This text will discuss these compounds, their pharmacology and synthesis, in the context of their broad chemotype as compounds composed of large rings. Providing a wide reaching review of this important area in a single volume, this book will be of interest to biochemists, pharmaceutical scientists and medicinal chemists working in industry or academia.
The use of person-organization fit in employment decision making: An assessment of its criterion-related validity. (2006)

Because measures of person-organization (P-O) fit are accountable to the same psychometric and legal standards used for other employment tests when they are used for personnel decision making, the authors assessed the criterion-related validity of P-O fit as a predictor of job performance and turnover. Meta-analyses resulted in estimated true criterion-related validities of .15 (k = 36, N = 5,377) for P-O fit as a predictor of job performance and .24 (k = 8, N = 2,476) as a predictor of turnover, compared with a stronger effect of .31 (k = 109, N = 108,328) for the more commonly studied relation between P-O fit and work attitudes. In contrast to the relations between P-O fit and work attitudes, the lower 95% credibility values for the job performance and turnover relations included zero. In addition, P-O fit's relations with job performance and turnover were partially mediated by work attitudes. Potential concerns pertaining to the use of P-O fit in employment decision making are discussed in light of these results.
Equine locomotion: 2. The analysis of coordination between limbs of trotting Standardbreds (1980)

A high-speed cinematographic analysis of interlimb time and linear gait characteristics was carried out at racing speed (12.0 m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) in 30 clinically sound Standard-bred trotters. In respect of the whole group of horses the racing trot was found to be a very regular and symmetric gait. The variation coefficient between different horses ranged from 8 to 21 per cent depending on the particular characteristic being investigated. The variations recorded in individual animals were about 60 per cent less than those found for the whole group. The most stable characteristics were the duration and length of the step. Some horses exhibited striking gait asymmetries and the possible causes are considered. It is also observed that some trotters adopt a transition of gait that cannot be classified as a trot.
Formal Semantics of Synchronous SystemC (2003)

In this article, a denotational definition of a synchronous subset of SystemC is proposed. The subset treated includes modules, processes, threads, wait statement, ports and signals. We propose a formal model for SystemC delta delay. Also, we give a complete semantic definition for the language's two-phase scheduler. The proposed semantic can constitute a base for validating the equivalence of synchronous HDL subsets.
Epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films on (001) SrTiO3 (1997)

Highly conductive metallic oxide thin films of SrRuO3 with single crystalline quality have been grown on (001) SrTiO3 by using pulsed laser deposition. The films have a [00l] orientation with an in-plane relationship of [110]SrRuO3 // [100]SrTiO3. They have excellent metallic behavior with room temperature resistivity of ∼310 μΩ cm and a residual resistance ratio of about 7 at 4.2 K, the largest reported to date. A clear ferromagnetic transition at ∼147 K was detected by resistivity and magnetic measurements. However, the transition becomes blurred as the density-of-point defects increases in the films following a 400 keV proton irradiation with an accumulative dose up to ∼6.0×1016 ions/cm2.
Objective metric of energy absorbed in tibial plateau fractures corresponds well to clinician assessment of fracture severity (2016)

ObjectivesDetermine the agreement between subjective assessments of fracture severity and an objective computed tomography (CT)-based metric of fracture energy in tibial plateau fractures.MethodsSix fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons independently rank-ordered 20 tibial plateau fractures in terms of severity based on anteroposterior and lateral knee radiographs. A CT-based image analysis methodology was used to quantify the fracture energy, and agreement between the surgeons' severity rankings and the fracture energy metric was tested by computing their concordance, a statistical measure that estimates the probability that any 2 cases would be ranked with the same ordering by 2 different raters or methods.ResultsConcordance between the 6 orthopaedic surgeons ranged from 82% to 93%, and concordance between surgeon severity rankings and the computed fracture energy ranged from 73% to 78%.ConclusionsThere is a high level of agreement between experienced surgeons in their assessments of tibial plateau fracture severity, and a slightly lower agreement between the surgeon assessments and an objective CT-based metric of fracture energy. Taken together, these results suggest that experienced surgeons share a similar understanding of what makes a tibial plateau fracture more or less severe, and an objective CT-based metric of fracture energy captures much but not all of that information. Further research is ongoing to characterize the relationship between surgeon assessments of severity, fracture energy, and the eventual clinical outcomes for patients with fractures of the tibial plateau.
A tribute to Shinya Inoue and innovation in light microscopy (2004)

The 2003 International Prize for Biology was awarded to Shinya Inoue for his pioneering work in visualizing dynamic processes within living cells using the light microscope. He and his scientific descendants are now pushing light microscopy even further by developing new techniques such as imaging single molecules, visualizing processes in living animals, and correlating results from light and electron microscopy.
Reaction and Diffusion in Silver‐Arsenic Chalcogenide Glass Systems (1979)

The diffusion of Ag from the metal or Ag 2 Se in amorphous As 2 S 3 and As 2 Se 3 at 175°C is accompanied by the reduction of As from a valence of 3+ to 2+ or 2+ to 1 + to maintain charge neutrality in the glass. Only Ag + diffuses at this temperature; all other ions are essentially immobile. An amorphous reaction‐product phase is formed in the diffusion zone with a composition range of 28.6 to 44.4 at % Ag. The lower limit corresponds to all As cations of 2+ valence (equivalent to amorphous Ag 2 As 2 S 3 ); the upper limit, the maximum solubility of Ag in these glasses, corresponds to all As cations of 1 + valence (equivalent to amorphous Ag 1 As 2 S 3 ). The diffusivity of Ag in these glasses at 175°C for concentrations of 10 to 35 at.% Ag is Sulfide 4× 10 −14 exp[(+0.23±0.01)(at.% Ag)]cm 2 /s Selenide 2′ 10 −11 exp[(+0.14±0.01)(at.% Ag)]cm 2 /s
The effect of exogenous kisspeptin administration in a novel mouse model of hypothalamic amenorrhoea (2021)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Mongolian Rangelands: Rodent Problems And Approaches ToAlleviate Damage (1996)

Author(s): Nolte, Dale L. | Abstract: Rodents are a major constraint to forage production for livestock in Mongolia. A technical program to identify the magnitude of the problem and strengthen the research capabilities of Mongolian rodent specialists was initiated in 1994. The Brandt's vole is the most widespread and the most detrimental rodent to the steppes of Mongolia. Limited resources inhibit activities by the Mongolian Plant Protection Service to reduce rodent populations. Alternative means to monitor vole activity were developed. Laboratory and field trials showed that voles were susceptible to zinc phosphide treatment and indicated how bait acceptance could be improved.
Characterization of Hypoxia Signature to Evaluate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Predict Prognosis in Glioma Groups (2020)

Glioma groups, including lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most common primary brain tumor. Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are associated with a dismal prognosis. Hypoxia is a driver of the malignant phenotype in glioma groups; it triggers a cascade of immunosuppressive processes and malignant cellular responses (tumor progression, anti-apoptosis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy), which result in disease progression and poor prognosis. However, approaches to determine the extent of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment are still unclear. Here, we downloaded 575 LGG patients and 354 GBM patients from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (GGGA), and 530 LGG patients and 167 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with RNA sequence and clinicopathological data. We developed a hypoxia risk model to reflect the immune microenvironment in glioma and predict prognosis. High hypoxia risk score was associated with poor prognosis and indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Hypoxia signature significantly correlated with clinical and molecular features and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets associated with the high-risk group were involved in carcinogenesis and immunosuppression signaling. In conclusion, we developed and validated a hypoxia risk model, which served as an independent prognostic indicator and reflected overall immune response intensity in the glioma microenvironment.
Pathogenesis of Hendra Virus in Humans (2015)

Hendra virus (HeV), previously known as equine morbillivirus, emerged as a lethal zoonotic virus almost 20 years ago. Although all human cases of HeV infection have stemmed from close exposure to Hendra-infected horses, horses are not the reservoir of the virus, instead, they are simply incidental hosts, as are humans. HeV infection in pteropid bats appears to be sub-clinical, as observed in nature and in experimentally infected bats. The initial symptoms and clinical features of human HeV infection are non-specific. Due to this, even if HeV infection is suspected, a diagnosis of HeV infection can only be made by laboratory diagnostic methods. The various laboratory methods described include PCR-based assays, serology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), virus isolation, electron microscopy, and some new experimental methods The development of safe and efficacious vaccines and therapeutics against HeV are two prevention strategies employed to control outbreaks.
Analysis of Organic Compounds by Particle Beam/Hollow Cathode Atomic Emission Spectroscopy:  Determinations of Carbon and Hydrogen in Amino Acids (1997)

A detailed evaluation of the analytical characteristics of a particle beam/hollow cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy (PB/HC-AES) system is described for applications in the area of organic sample analysis. The optimization of sample introduction, nebulization parameters, and glow discharge conditions was performed for the elemental analysis (focusing on C and H) of a group of amino acids. By use of a high-efficiency thermoconcentric nebulizer, analyte particles are introduced into a heated hollow cathode glow discharge source, in either flow injection or continuous-flow mode, for subsequent vaporization/atomization and excitation. Nebulization temperature, solvent composition, and liquid flow rate were studied to elucidate their roles in the ultimate analyte emission characteristics for organic compound analysis. The hollow cathode operating discharge current and gas pressure were optimized, with the general responses found to be similar to those for the case of metal analysis. Background interferences from solvent and additive media on carbon and hydrogen determinations were studied and substantially reduced. The analytical response curves for carbon and hydrogen present in amino acids were obtained using 200 μL injection volumes, showing less than 10% RSD for replicate injections over a concentration range of 10-250 ppm, with detection limits of 3 and 1 ppm, respectively, for C (I) and H (I) emission. Subsequent studies of the response of carbon and hydrogen emission signal intensities to differences in amino acid stoichiometries suggest a capability of the PB/HC-AES system for the determination of empirical formulas based on H (I)/C (I) intensity ratios.
Endocrine and neural control of amphibian renal functions. (1982)

Three aspects of amphibian renal functions were considered. 1) The neurohypophysial hormone, arginine vasotocin (AVT), is diuretic in lungfishes, but is antidiuretic in amphibians. AVT probably produces diuresis in fishes by increasing systemic blood pressure and, hence, glomerular filtration rate. Receptors for AVT in early amphibians may have become more numerous or sensitive in the preglomerular circulation than in the peripheral vasculature. AVT could then produce glomerular antidiuresis. Tubular receptors to AVT also developed to provide better control of urine volume during terrestrial adaptation. In our investigations only glomerular antidiuresis was produced by AVT in the mud puppy whereas bullfrogs responded to AVT with both glomerular and tubular antidiuresis. 2) Although exogenous AVT can produce antidiuresis in amphibians, alpha-adrenergic neural mechanisms also appeared to play an important role in glomerular and tubular functions in the bullfrog. 3) Mesotocin, the amphibian neutral neurohypophysial hormone, produces glomerular diuresis in the amphibians studied. However, whether it has a physiological role in regulating amphibian renal function remains unclear.