gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enriching Psychology by Zooming Out to General Mindsets and Practices in Natural Habitats (2023)

Psychology has been "zooming in" on individuals, dyads, and groups with a narrow lens to the exclusion of "zooming out," which involves placing the targeted phenomena within more distal layers of influential context. Here, we plea for a paradigm shift. Specifically, we showcase largely hidden scientific benefits of zooming out by discussing worldwide evidence on inhabitants' habitual adaptations to colder-than-temperate and hotter-than-temperate habitats. These exhibits reveal two different types of theories. <i>Clement-climate</i> perspectives emphasize that generic common properties of stresses from cold and hot temperatures elicit similar effects on personality traits and psychosocial functioning. <i>Cold-versus-heat</i> perspectives emphasize that specific unique properties of stresses from cold and hot habitats elicit different effects on phenomena, such as speech practices and intergroup discrimination. Both zooming-out perspectives are then integrated into a complementary framework that helps identify explanatory mechanisms and demonstrates the broader added value of embedding zooming-in approaches within zooming-out approaches. Indeed, zooming out enriches psychology.
A survey of security vulnerabilities in social networking media (2014)

This paper conducted a survey study on the security vulnerabilities in one of most popular social networking site, Facebook. We divide the vulnerabilities into two main categories: platform-related and user-related. For each vulnerability, we present its origin, description and remedy if there is any. Our work not only increases users' awareness of those vulnerabilities, but also provides a comprehensive view to the researchers who are interested in improving security measures of social media services.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Derived Non‐Oxide Ceramics Modified with Late Transition Metals (2012)

Abstract Review: 66 refs.
Crystal Structures of Candida albicans Dihydrofolate Reductase Bound to Propargyl‐Linked Antifolates Reveal the Flexibility of Active Site Loop Residues Critical for Ligand Potency and Selectivity (2011)

Candida albicans and Candida glabrata cause fungal bloodstream infections that are associated with significant mortality. As part of an effort to develop potent and selective antifolates that target dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Candida species, we report three ternary crystal structures of C. albicans DHFR (CaDHFR) bound to novel propargyl-linked analogs. Consistent with earlier modeling results, these structures show that hydrophobic pockets in the binding site may be exploited to increase ligand potency. The crystal structures also confirm that loop residues Thr 58- Phe 66, which flank the active site and influence ligand potency and selectivity, adopt multiple conformations. To aid the development of a dual Candida spp. inhibitor, three new crystal structures of C. glabrata DHFR (CgDHFR) bound to similar ligands as those bound in the ternary structures of CaDHFR are also reported here. Loop residues 58-66 in CgDHFR and human DHFR are 1 and 3 Å closer to the folate binding site, respectively, than loop residues in CaDHFR, suggesting that a properly size ligand could be a potent and selective dual inhibitor of CaDHFR and CgDHFR.
A catch–release catalysis system based on supramolecular host–guest interactions (2016)

An adamantane adorned Pd(<sc>ii</sc>) catalyst interacts with β-cyclodextrin moieties on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles to give a catch–release catalysis system.
Investigation of Reactive‐Ion‐Etching‐Related Fluorocarbon Film Deposition onto Silicon and a New Method for Surface Residue Removal (1986)

The effects of reactive ion etching (RIE) in on the surface properties of the underlying Si substrate have been studied by x‐ray photoemission and He ion scattering/channeling techniques. The two major modifications of the Si near‐surface region are: (i) A disordered Si layer which contains displaced Si atoms/cm2, the degree of the disorder depending on the plasma exposure time of the Si substrate. (ii) The presence of a ∼30Å thick film containing carbon and fluorine. The glow discharge deposited C,F‐film exhibits a complex carbon 1s x‐ray photoemission spectrum and displays at least five bonding states of carbon. They are (in the order of decreasing intensity) C‒C and/or C‒H, , , , and type bonding. A new method for Si substrate post‐RIE cleaning is described. The method accomplishes the removal of most RIE related surface residues and the removal of Si lattice disorder in one processing step. The efficacy of the method has been verified by ion scattering and x‐ray photoemission measurements.
Some Statistical Process Control Methods for Autocorrelated Data (1991)

Traditionally, control charts are developed assuming that the sequence of process observations to which they are applied are uncorrelated. Unfortunately, this assumption is frequently violated in practice. The presence of autocorrelation has a serious impact on the performance of control charts, causing a dramatic increase in the frequency of false alarms. This paper presents methods for applying statistical control charts to autocorrelated data. The primary method is based on modeling the autocorrelative structure in the original data and applying control charts to the residuals. We show that the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic provides the basis of an approximate procedure that can be useful for autocorrelated data. Illustrations are provided using real process data.
Current State of Regulatory Oversight of Biosimilars in India and Its Implications on the Quality of Drugs: A Comparative Assessment with EU and FDA Regulations (2021)

Biosimilars are biologic products that are highly similar to a licensed reference biologic, with no clinically meaningful differences in quality characteristics, biological activity, safety, or efficacy. Biosimilars can help to fulfill unmet medical needs due to their cost effectiveness while at the same time being as efficacious as the innovator drug. They can also improve patient access to otherwise costly innovator biologics. India has the largest number of approved biosimilars as compared to the US and Europe. However, the numbers of clinical studies that are conducted to prove the biosimilarity are lesser than the number of biosimilars approved, which is evident by the number of CTRI registrations done. Some studies have shown the quality of biosimilars approved and marketed in India to be inferior to the innovator drug. This raises concerns regarding the quality of the biosimilars. In this review, the similarities and differences in the guidelines, the approval process, and quality enforcement measures prevailing in the three regulatory regions of USA, Europe and India are discussed. Changes in the approval process and post approval monitoring of drugs and manufacturing facilities are recommended in order to ensure sustained quality standards of drugs entering the market.
Poisonous range plants in relation to range use / (1940)

is an article on "The Occurrence of Poisonous Plants on, and the Trampling and Burning of Pasturage."Much of it reads like a description of parts of New Mexico, or elsewhere in the South- west.Perhaps our South African friends are a jump or two ahead of us in some of their observations and in the steps they are talcing to remedy the errors of the past.Part of the article deals with the widely practiced system of burning the veld once or twice a year with the result that the grass is killed and poisonous and unpalatable plants gain a foot- ing.Burning is not a problem in much of the Southwest.Frequent- ly, however, we find startling examples of the effect of burning
Organic thin-film transistor arrays for active-matrix organic light emitting diode (2007)

We developed an active matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs) on a glass using two organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and a capacitor in a pixel. OTFTs switching-arrays with 64 scan lines and 64 (RGB) data lines were designed and fabricated to drive OLED arrays. In this study, OTFT devices have bottom contact structures with an ink-jet printed polymer semiconductor and an organic insulator as a gate dielectric. The width and length of the switching OTFT is 500&mu;m and 10&mu;m, respectively and the driving OTFT has 900&mu;m channel width with the same channel length. The characteristics of the OTFTs were examined using test cells around display area. On/off ratio, mobility, on-current of switching OTFT and on-current of driving OTFT were 10<sup>6</sup>, 0.1 cm<sup>2</sup>/V-sec, order of 8&mu;A and over 70 &mu;A respectively. These properties were enough to drive the AMOLEDs over 60 Hz frame rate. AMOLEDs composed of the OTFT switching arrays and OLEDs made by deposition of small molecule materials were fabricated and driven to make moving images, successfully.
Decidual Hemostasis, Inflammation, and Angiogenesis in Pre-Eclampsia (2011)

Invasion of the decidua by extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) is accompanied by thrombin generation from decidual cell (DC)-expressed tissue factor (TF). This TF protects against hemorrhage as EVTs breach capillaries and subsequently invade and remodel spiral arteries and arterioles. Pre-eclampsia (P-EC) is the world's leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. It is associated with decidual hemorrhage and maternal thrombophilias, which form excess thrombin from DCs, and with maternal infections and other inflammatory conditions that are associated with excess expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. In human first-trimester leukocyte-free DCs, (1) thrombin enhances expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis; (2) thrombin, IL-1β and TNF-α increase monocyte-recruiting chemokine expression leading to a macrophage excess in the pre-eclamptic decidua. The pathogenesis of P-EC likely stems from shallow EVT invasion leading to impaired decidual vascular remodeling. The resulting reduced uteroplacental blood flow is associated with a hypoxic placenta, which appears to secrete excess sFlt-1 into the maternal plasma. A regulatory role for DCs in vascular remodeling is indicated because impaired decidual vascular remodeling could stem from an aberrant local antiangiogenic milieu elicited by excess sFlt-1 and/or macrophage-inhibited EVT decidual invasion.
Big tree bark resembles asbestos (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBig tree bark resembles asbestosScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1929, 6, 1, 140Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1929Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1929Published inissue 1 January 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ed006p140.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (533 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Novel Materials for Power Systems. Part 3. Selective Emitters for Energy Conversion (1974)

Abstract : The purpose of the research was to determine those materials which would be most promising for use as selective emitters, to fabricate initial samples for testing, to build an optical system capable of measuring the spectral efficiency rapidly, and accurately, and to make initial measurements on the spectral efficiency of promising samples. All of these goals have been met. It has been determined that the rare earth oxides and mixtures of rare earth oxides are quite promising as selective emitters for energy conversion. Initial samples of erbium oxide and mixtures of erbium oxide and ytterbium oxide have been fabricated. An optical system for measuring spectral efficiency has been built and preliminary tests run for measuring the spectral efficiency of these materials. The spectral efficiency measurement apparatus incorporates an automatic data acquisition system which allows the rapid processing of large numbers of samples.
THE ATP SYNTHASE—A SPLENDID MOLECULAR MACHINE (1997)

An X-ray structure of the F1 portion of the mitochondrial ATP synthase shows asymmetry and differences in nucleotide binding of the catalytic beta subunits that support the binding change mechanism with an internal rotation of the gamma subunit. Other structural and mutational probes of the F1 and F0 portions of the ATP synthase are reviewed, together with kinetic and other evaluations of catalytic site occupancy and behavior during hydrolysis or synthesis of ATP. Subunit function as related to proton translocation and rotational catalysis is considered. Physical demonstrations of the gamma subunit rotation have been achieved. The findings have implications for other enzymatic catalyses.
The Effects of Twelve Weeks of Bed Rest on Bone Histology, Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover, and Calcium Homeostasis in Eleven Normal Subjects (1998)

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of 12 weeks of skeletal unloading on parameters of calcium homeostasis, calcitropic hormones, bone histology, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in 11 normal subjects (9 men, 2 women; 34 +/- 11 years of age). Following an ambulatory control evaluation, all subjects underwent 12 weeks of bed rest. An additional metabolic evaluation was performed after 12 days of reambulation. Bone mineral density declined at the spine (-2.9%, p = 0.092) and at the hip (-3.8%, p = 0.002 for the trochanter). Bed rest prompted a rapid, sustained, significant increase in urinary calcium and phosphorus as well as a significant increase in serum calcium. Urinary calcium increased from a pre-bed rest value of 5.3 mmol/day to values as high as 73 mmol/day during bed rest. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D declined significantly during bed rest, although the mean values remained within normal limits. Significant changes in bone histology included a suppression of osteoblastic surface for cancellous bone (3.1 +/- 1.3% to 1.9 +/- 1.5%, p = 0.0142) and increased bone resorption for both cancellous and cortical bone. Cortical eroded surface increased from 3.5 +/- 1.1% to 7.3 +/- 4.0% (p = 0.018) as did active osteoclastic surface (0.2 +/- 0.3% to 0.7 +/- 0.7%, p = 0.021). Cancellous eroded surface increased from 2.1 +/- 1.1% to 4.7 +/- 2.2% (p = 0.002), while mean active osteoclastic surface doubled (0.2 +/- 0.2% to 0.4 +/- 0.3%, p = 0.020). Serum biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and type I procollagen extension peptide) did not change significantly during bed rest. Urinary biochemical markers of bone resorption (hydroxyproline, deoxypyridinoline, and N-telopeptide of type I collagen) as well as a serum marker of bone resorption (type I collagen carboxytelopeptide) all demonstrated significant increases during bed rest which declined toward normal during reambulation. Thus, under the conditions of this study, the human skeleton appears to respond to unloading by a rapid and sustained increase in bone resorption and a more subtle decrease in bone formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Effects on Through‐Bond Orbital Interaction‐Induced Heterolysis of Some Perhydronaphthalene‐1,4‐diol Monosulfonate Esters. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cloning of the Gene Encoding α-Methylserine Hydroxymethyltransferase fromAminobactersp. AJ110403 andEnsifersp. AJ110404 and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme (2008)

Genes encoding alpha-methylserine hydroxymethyltransferase from Aminobacter sp. AJ110403 and Ensifer sp. AJ110404 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes were homodimers with a 46-kDa subunit and contained 1 mol/mol-subunit of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The V(max) of these enzymes catalyzing the conversion of alpha-methyl-L-serine to D-alanine via tetrahydrofolate was 22.1 U/mg (AJ110403) and 15.4 U/mg (AJ110404).
Holistic DDoS mitigation using NFV (2017)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a sophisticated cyber-attack due to its variety of types and techniques. The traditional mitigation method of this attack is to deploy dedicated security appliances such as firewall, load balancer, etc. However, due to the limited capacity of the hardware and the potential high volume of DDoS traffic, it may not be able to defend all the attacks. Therefore, cloud-based DDoS protection services were introduced to allow the organizations to redirect their traffic to the scrubbing centers in the cloud for filtering. This solution has some drawbacks such as privacy violation and latency. More recently, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and edge computing have been proposed as new networking service models. In this paper, we design a framework that leverages NFV and edge computing for DDoS mitigation through two-stage processes.
Synthetic Studies of the 5-Aminopentose 2-Sulfate Component of the Liposidomycins (1995)

Abstract The liposidomycins are a family of novel lipid-containing nucleoside antibiotics that were recently found in the culture filterate and mycelia of Streptomyces griseosporeus.1 These antibiotics inhibit formation of the lipid intermediate in bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis.1,2 The primary site of action of liposidomycin C was found to be phospho-N-acetylmuramylpentapeptide transferase from E. coli Y-10 in peptidoglycan synthesis.3 The structures of liposidomycins A, B, and C were proposed as 1, 2, and 3, respectively, on the basis of degradation and spectroscopic studies,2,4 but six stereogenic centers in the lipid and diazepinone moieties remain unassigned. The overall structure as well as the diazepinone and 5-aminopentose 2-sulfate components are very unique. The present work reports synthetic studies related to the 5-amino-5-deoxy-P-Driboside 2-sulfate part of the liposidomycins.
Strain-Dependent TGF Beta-1 Synthesis and Activation by Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells (2008)

Aortic valve (AV) sclerosis is identified by irregular thickening and decreased compliance of the leaflets causing impaired cardiac function and increased mortality with age. Both mechanical and molecular factors are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of AV sclerosis. The structural integrity of the AV leaflet extracellular matrix (ECM) is maintained by the resident fibroblast AV interstitial cells (AVICs). With increasing age and loss of compliance in the aorta, a stress transfer may occur in the AV leaflets that likely subjects the AVICs to increasing strains in the circumferential direction [1].
A Novel Technique for the Stabilization of SiPM Gain Against Temperature Variations (2013)

In several applications of Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM), drifts of the detector gain with the temperature represent a severe drawback which prevents from achieving optimal performance. We propose an original technique to address this issue, based upon the use of a SiPM not exposed to the light as a temperature sensor. The average amplitude of the dark pulses produced by this detector is measured and controlled to a constant reference value by means of a negative feedback loop, which automatically varies the bias voltage of the SiPM. The same bias voltage variations generated by the feedback loop are also applied to the sensitive SiPMs used in the specific application, thus making constant their gain. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation scheme has been experimentally demonstrated by using two SiPMs from FBK-irst (1 mm × 1 mm, 400 micro-cells, breakdown voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">br</sub> ≅ 29 V), one as temperature sensor involved in the negative feedback loop and the other as light sensitive device. Both detectors have been enclosed in a thermally isolated box with temperature varied in the interval between 20 °C and 30 °C : the variation of the SiPM gain can be reduced from more than 20%, without compensation, to about 2%.
Deep vein thrombosis using noncontrast‐enhanced MR venography with electrocardiographically gated three‐dimensional half‐fourier FSE: Preliminary experience (2009)

Three noncontrast-enhanced MR venography techniques are presented for assessing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) at 0.5 T in patients with metallic implants. Two cardiac-gated 3D half-Fourier FSE fresh blood imaging sequences with flow-refocusing pulses (FR-FBI) in the read-out (RO) direction and without FR pulses (non-FR-FBI) were developed for slower-flowing blood. For faster flowing blood, a swap phase-encode arterial double-subtraction elimination (SPADE) technique was developed. The three techniques were assessed both quantitatively using signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) measurements and qualitatively by subjective image analysis in 15 volunteers. SPADE was compared to FR-FBI in the pelvic veins and FR-FBI was compared to non-FR-FBI in the thigh and calf veins. Both SPADE and FR-FBI techniques produced significantly higher SNRs, CNRs, and image quality in each comparative study (P<0.001). Five patients with metallic implants and confirmed DVT underwent SPADE (pelvic veins) and FR-FBI (thigh and calf veins) examinations and the results were compared to conventional venography. The SPADE and FR-FBI images showed all DVTs from all five patients without interference from implant susceptibility artifacts. The excellent image quality produced by both SPADE and FR-FBI throughout peripheral vasculature demonstrates their promise for detecting DVT in postsurgery patients.
Effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends on Legacy Vehicles and Small Non-Road Engines, Report 1 - Updated (2009)

Intended for policymakers and others who make decisions about, and set guidelines for, the proper use of intermediate ethanol blends such as E20 in both vehicle engines and other engine types.
Comparative peripheral and coronary haemodynamic effects of rimiterol and isoprenaline. (1978)

1. Rimiterol and isoprenaline produced significant dose‐related increases in cardiac output. 2. These changes in cardiac output were accompanied by increases in heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption which were similar for each drug and dose‐related. 3. Isoprenaline in contrast with rimiterol produced direct coronary vasodilation, i.e. coronary vasodilation in excess of that required to meet increases in myocardial oxygen demands. 4. It is suggested that the beta‐adrenergic receptors in the human coronary vasculature are mainly of the beta1 type. 5. Rimiterol, because it does not produce direct coronary vasodilation may be preferable to isoprenaline in the treatment of low‐cardiac output syndrome where there is regional myocardial ischaemia, since it would be less likely to produce a “coronary steal” effect.