gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Study of a Jet-in-Cross-Flow Interacting with a Vortex Generator for Film Cooling Applications (2009)

Results of an experimental study are presented on the effectiveness of a vortex generator (VG) in preventing lift-off of a jet-in-cross-flow (JICF). The study is pertinent to film-cooling applications and its relevance to NASA programs is first briefly discussed. In the experiment, the jet issues into the boundary layer at an angle of 20deg to the free-stream. The effect of a triangular, ramp-shaped VG is studied while varying its geometry and location. Detailed flow-field properties are obtained for a case in which the height of the VG and the diameter of the orifice are comparable to the approach boundary layer thickness. The VG produces a streamwise vortex pair with vorticity magnitude three times larger (and of opposite sense) than that found in the JICF alone. Such a VG appears to be most effective in keeping the jet attached to the wall. The effect of parametric variation is studied mostly from surveys ten diameters downstream from the orifice. Results over a range of jet-to-freestream momentum flux ratio (1<J<11) show that the VG has a significant effect even at the highest J covered in the experiment. When the VG height is halved there is a lift-off of the jet. On the other hand, when the height is doubled, the jet core is dissipated due to larger turbulence intensity. Varying the location of the VG, over a distance of three diameters from the orifice, is found to have little impact.
Safe Conduct for Enemy Diplomatic Agents (1917)

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Computationally Constrained Micro Aerial Vehicle (2011)

We are interested in the problem of surveilling and ex­ ploring environments that include both indoor and outdoor settings. Aerial vehicles offer mobility and perspective ad­ vantages over ground platforms and micro aerial vehicles (MAYs) are particularly applicable to buildings with multiple floors where stairwells can be an obstacle to ground vehicles. A challenge when operating in indoor environments is the lack of an external source of localization such as GPS. For these reasons, in this work we focus on autonomous navigation in buildings with multiple floors without requiring an external source of localization or prior knowledge of the environment. To ensure that the robot is fully autonomous, we require all computation to occur on the robot without need for external infrastructure, communication, or human interaction beyond high-level commands. Therefore, we pur­
Expression and activation of toll-like receptor 3 and toll-like receptor 4 on human corneal epithelial and conjunctival fibroblasts (2014)

HCF and HCE both express TLRs that respond to specific ligands by increasing cytokine expression. Following activation, the surface expression of TLR3 and TLR4 on HCE is decreased, thus creating a negative feedback loop, mitigating the effect of TLR activation.
Acid–Base Accounting to Predict Post‐Mining Drainage Quality on Surface Mines (2002)

Acid-base accounting (ABA) is an analytical procedure that provides values to help assess the acid-producing and acid-neutralizing potential of overburden rocks prior to coal mining and other large-scale excavations. This procedure was developed by West Virginia University scientists during the 1960s. After the passage of laws requiring an assessment of surface mining on water quality, ABA became a preferred method to predict post-mining water quality, and permitting decisions for surface mines are largely based on the values determined by ABA. To predict the post-mining water quality, the amount of acid-producing rock is compared with the amount of acid-neutralizing rock, and a prediction of the water quality at the site (whether acid or alkaline) is obtained. We gathered geologic and geographic data for 56 mined sites in West Virginia, which allowed us to estimate total overburden amounts, and values were determined for maximum potential acidity (MPA), neutralization potential (NP), net neutralization potential (NNP), and NP to MPA ratios for each site based on ABA. These values were correlated to post-mining water quality from springs or seeps on the mined property. Overburden mass was determined by three methods, with the method used by Pennsylvania researchers showing the most accurate results for overburden mass. A poor relationship existed between MPA and post-mining water quality, NP was intermediate, and NNP and the NP to MPA ratio showed the best prediction accuracy. In this study, NNP and the NP to MPA ratio gave identical water quality prediction results. Therefore, with NP to MPA ratios, values were separated into categories: <1 should produce acid drainage, between 1 and 2 can produce either acid or alkaline water conditions, and >2 should produce alkaline water. On our 56 surface mined sites, NP to MPA ratios varied from 0.1 to 31, and six sites (11%) did not fit the expected pattern using this category approach. Two sites with ratios <1 did not produce acid drainage as predicted (the drainage was neutral), and four sites with a ratio >2 produced acid drainage when they should not have. These latter four sites were either mined very slowly, had nonrepresentative ABA data, received water from an adjacent underground mine, or had a surface mining practice that degraded the water. In general, an NP to MPA ratio of <1 produced mostly acid drainage sites, between 1 and 2 produced mostly alkaline drainage sites, while NP to MPA ratios >2 produced alkaline drainage with a few exceptions. Using these values, ABA is a good tool to assess overburden quality before surface mining and to predict post-mining drainage quality after mining. The interpretation from ABA values was correct in 50 out of 52 cases (96%), excluding the four anomalous sites, which had acid water for reasons other than overburden quality.
Preparation and Properties of a Novel Sponge Cake by Combining Rice Flour with Silk Fibroin Protein. (2000)

本研究では,ゲル化能を有する絹フィブロインに着目し,これを米粉と複合化してスポンジケーキの調製を試み,複合化効果について検討した.1.薄力小麦粉を用いることなく,米粉と絹フィブロインを複合化させることにより,スポンジケーキを調製することができた.2.米粉と絹フィブロイン泡沫を用いたスポンジケーキは薄力粉と卵白泡沫を用いたスポンジケーキと比べ,比容積が低くなり,膨化が小さかった.3.絹フィブロインを添加することでスポンジケーキの老化速度が遅くなった.4.官能検査の結果より,米粉と卵白/絹フィブロイン混合泡沫を用いたスポンジケーキは薄力粉と卵白泡沫を用いたスポンジケーキと比べ,内部のきめが細かく(P<0.01),しっとりとしており(P<0.01),最もおいしい(P<0.01)と評価された.
Synthesis, Structures, and Electrochemistry of Gold(III) Ethylenediamine Complexes and Interactions with Guanosine 5‘-Monophosphate (2006)

[Au(en)Cl(2)]Cl.2H(2)O, where en = ethylenediamine (1,2-diaminoethane), has been synthesized, and its structure has been solved for the first time by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex has square-planar geometry about Au(III), and the anionic Cl- is located in the apical position and at a distance of 3.3033(10) A compared to 2.2811(9) and 2.2836(11) A for the coordinated Cl-. [Au(en)Cl2]Cl.2H2O belongs to the space group Pbca with a = 11.5610(15) A, b = 12.6399(17) A, c = 13.2156(17) A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees , and Z = 8. Bond lengths of Au-N are 2.03 A. [Au(en)Cl2]Cl.2H2O is less thermally stable than [Au(en)2]Cl3 because of the replacement of two Cl ligands by a second en ligand in the latter. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the formal potential of Au(III)/Au(0) becomes more negative in the series [AuCl4]-, [Au(en)Cl2]+, and [Au(en)2]3+. 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR reveal that in an aqueous solution [Au(en)Cl2]+ bonds to guanosine 5'-monophosphate, 5'-GMP (1:1 mole ratio), via N7, although the stability is not very high. NMR data also indicate that N7-O6 or N7-phosphate 5'-GMP chelation, as found in some gold(III) nucleotide complexes, is not present. The gold(III) complex undergoes hydrolysis at pH >2.5-3.0 and, therefore, N1 coordination to 5'-GMP is not observed. No direct coordination between 5'-GMP and [Au(en)2]Cl3 is observed.
Effect and Control of Suspended Solids at the Blast Furnaces (2012)

In this study, investigations were carried out to find the best possible way of lowering the concentration of suspended solids at the blast furnace gas scrubbing systems which have long been a problem in steel making industries. The analyses of the experimental results showed that the Bulab 5615 that is currently being used is the best possible chemical polymer. At very low concentration the chemical has shown its ability to reduce suspended solids to desired levels. The three other chemicals used required a much higher dosing rate. Experiment was also conducted on controlling the conductivity and to solve the issues of high COD, ammonia and phenols using a pilot bio-plant and reverse osmosis. This work will make the adhering to the policy implemented in 2006 of zero effluent discharge of the Department of Water and Forestry and contribution towards saving our water.
Increased copy number at 20q13 and 17q22-q24 in breast cancer: Strategies for identification of two new putative oncogene loci (1994)

Our studies using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have indicated that two chromosomal regions, 17q22-q24 and 20q13, are often present at an increased copy number in breast cancer. Here, we sought to study these putative new oncogene loci in more detail by identifying the critical overlapping regions of amplification in several tumors and cell lines and by studying involvement of cloned genes in these regions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and a set of 150 anonymous cosmid clones and gene-specific P1 clones mapped along chromosome 20 were used to assess copy number in 14 breast cancer cell lines and 36 primary tumors. Based on the high-level copy number increases (3- to 10-fold) found in 5 cell lines and 3 primaries, the critical region was narrowed down to {approximately}1.5 Mb at 20q13.2 defined by FLpter values 0.81-0.84. All previously known genes were excluded as targets for amplification based either on their chromosomal location or lack of high-level amplification. Similar studies of the 17q22-q24 region have identified at least three separate sites of increased copy number with FLpter values 0.62, 0.76, and 0.89 in breast cancer cell lines. The region at 0.76 appeared to be highly amplified in at least two breast cancermore » cell lines and is now being evaluated in primary tumors. In conclusion, our strategies for the identification of putative new oncogene loci based on the genome-scale screening for amplification by CGH followed by detailed amplicon mapping by FISH have lead to the identification of two small chromosomal regions that are likely to harbor genes important for breast cancer progression.« less
Proteomic Analysis of Rat Kidney Cortex Following Treatment with Gentamicin (2002)

The regionally specific structure and function of the kidney renders it susceptible to toxic exposure. To characterize these changes at the proteome level, we have investigated the effects on protein expression following treatment with gentamicin. The more than 20 proteins identified were involved in the citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and transport or cellular stress responses. These results strongly support the notion that energy production is impaired and mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Retinal texture biomarkers may help to discriminate between Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and healthy controls (2019)

A top priority in biomarker development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is the focus on early diagnosis, where the use of the retina is a promising avenue of research. We computed fundus images from optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and analysed the structural arrangement of the retinal tissue using texture metrics. We built clinical class classification models to distinguish between healthy controls (HC), AD, and PD, using machine learning (support vector machines). Median sensitivity is 88.7%, 79.5% and 77.8%, for HC, AD, and PD eyes, respectively. When the same subject has the same classification for both eyes, 94.4% (median) of the classifications are correct. A significant amount of information discriminating between multiple neurodegenerative states is conveyed by OCT imaging of the human retina, even when differences in thickness are not yet present. This technique may allow for simultaneously diagnosing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Determination of primary bond scissions by mass spectrometric analysis of ultrasonic degradation products of poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐propylene oxide) copolymers (2010)

Ultrasonic degradation of poly(ethylene oxide-block-propylene oxide) copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion was studied with the aim to determine the location of bonds involved in the initial scission of the copolymers. LC-APCI-IT-MS and LC-APCI-orbitrap-MS were used for the detailed structural analysis of degradation products. The results indicated that initial bond scissions occurred principally at the boundary regions between backbones of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) chains. Further structural analysis revealed the presence of oxygen adducts in the degradation products. Comparison with a thermal degradation carried out in helium atmosphere, one can conclude that the oxygen adducts are formed by radical reaction with water or dissolving oxygen molecules. The study demonstrated that chemical reactions as well as physical bond stress scissions are involved in the ultrasonic degradation of the copolymers.
CASA Phased Array Radar System description, simulation and products (2009)

This paper discusses the systems architecture of the CASA Phased Array Radar System, the Phase-Tilt Escan Radar System, for deployment in a CASA DCAS network of low power, solid-state phased array radars. The paper highlights the high-level system's architecture accompanied by measured data from the subsystems.
Local color transfer based on dark-channel dehazing for visible/infrared image fusion (2011)

A local color transfer method based on dark channel dehazing for visible/infrared image fusion is presented. Image fusion combines complemental information from visible and infrared images. Visible image supplies plenty of scene details and infrared image is good at popping out hot or cold targets. However, under a bad weather condition, such as haze or fog, the visible image is degraded greatly and leads to a low contrast and poor color fidelity fused image. Color transfer can improve the color appearance using a bright haze-free reference image, but it usually modifies the pixel values according to the global mean value and standard deviation in each color channel. This paper pays more attention to the dark channel of the reference image and so applies different color transfer schemes to haze area and haze-free area. Results show that it is effective for decreasing the bad effect of the haze and achieving a more visually pleasing color visible/infrared fused image.
Soluble Conjugated Microporous Polymers (2012)

Löslich und porös: Lösliche konjugierte mikroporöse Polymere (SCMPs) können durch Synthese von diskreten hochverzweigten Molekülen hergestellt werden. Die Materialien werden aus der Lösung als dünne Filme (siehe Bild) abgeschieden, was eine Reihe von Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten eröffnet, die für unlösliche CMP-Netzwerke nicht zugänglich sind. Lösliche konjugierte Dendrimere sind porös und geben Einblick in den strukturellen Ursprung von Mikroporosität.
Effect of Honey, Dextromethorphan, and No Treatment on Nocturnal Cough and Sleep Quality for Coughing Children and Their Parents (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00127686.
Determining position inside building via laser rangefinder and handheld computer (2023)

An apparatus, computer software, and a method of determining position inside a building comprising selecting on a PDA at least two walls of a room in a digitized map of a building or a portion of a building, pointing and firing a laser rangefinder at corresponding physical walls, transmitting collected range information to the PDA, and computing on the PDA a position of the laser rangefinder within the room.
An Ultraviolet (UV) Detector Using a Ferroelectric Thin Film With In-Plane Polarization (2008)

Different from the semiconductor photovoltaic device on the basis of an interfacial effect, UV detection was realized in this letter by using bulk photovoltaic mechanism involving the depolarization field in a W-doped Pb0.97La0.03(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PLWZT) ferroelectric thin film. A prototype of UV detector was demonstrated in the laboratory as well as under sunlight, in which the ferroelectric PLWZT thin film was polarized in the plane of the film surface. Characteristics of the photovoltaic response of the ferroelectric thin films and their application values for UV detection were analyzed.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Prolific Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Belonging to USA300 and EMRSA-15 Clonal Lineages (2014)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes serious infections that are even more difficult to treat when associated with a biofilm phenotype that facilitates evasion of the host immune system and antibiotics. As a first step toward understanding the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, we sequenced the genomes of two prolific biofilm-forming strains belonging to the two most important globally disseminated clonal lineages, USA300 and EMRSA-15.
HLS Portability from Intel to Xilinx: A Case Study (2021)

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a hardware accelerator option that is growing in popularity. However, FPGAs are notoriously hard to program. To this end, high-level synthesis (HLS) tools have been developed to allow programmers to design hardware accelerators with FPGAs using familiar software languages. The two largest FPGA vendors, Intel and Xilinx, support both C/C++ and OpenCL C to construct kernels. However, little is known about the portability of designs between these two platforms.In this work, we evaluate the portability and performance of Intel and Xilinx kernels. We conduct a case study, porting the Needleman-Wunsch application from the Rodinia benchmark suite written in Intel OpenCL C to Xilinx platforms. We use OpenCL C kernels optimized for Intel FPGA platforms as a starting point and first perform a minimum effort port to a Xilinx FPGA, also using OpenCL C. We find that simply porting one-to-one optimizations is not enough to enable portable performance. We then seek to improve the performance of those kernels using Xilinx C/C++. With rewriting the kernel for burst transfer and other optimizations, we are able to reduce the execution time from an initial 294 s to 2.2 s.
Supplementary Figures 1-12 from Therapeutic Synergy between microRNA and siRNA in Ovarian Cancer Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-12 - PDF file 897K, Relative expression of miR-520d-3p (miR-520d) and miR-520d-5p (miR-520d*) in ovarian cancer cell lines (Figure S1), Kaplan-Meier curves representing the percent progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer based on miR-520d-3p median expression levels (Figure S2), miR-520d-5p does not target EphA2 (Figure S3), miR-520d-3p and EphA2 expression levels in miR-520d-3p overexpressing stable clones (Figure S4), Effect of miR-520d-3p expression on cell proliferation (Figure S5), miR-520d-3p and EphA2 levels in xenograft models of miR-520d-3p overexpressing HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1 models (Figure S6), Efficiency of EphA2 targeting siRNAs in HeyA8 cells (Figure S7), Combination of miR-520d-3p and siRNA-EphA2 treatment shows enhanced EphA2 inhibition in vitro (Figure S8), Dose-response curve of miR-520d-3p, si-EphA2-1 and combined miR-520d-3p + si-EphA2-1 in SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8 cells (Figure S9), Treatment with anti-miR-520d-3p can restore EphA2 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in SKOV3ip1 cells (Figure S10), Effect of combined miR-520d-3p+siEphA2-1 treatment on angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis in HeyA8 cells (Figure S11), and Differentially expressed coding genes in miR-520d-3p overexpressing stable clones (Figure S12)&lt;/p&gt;
The side effects of translational omics: overtesting, overdiagnosis, overtreatment (2015)

High-throughput technologies such as next-generation genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics are capable of generating massive amounts of data quickly, and at relatively low costs. It is tempting to use this data for various medical applications including preclinical disease detection and for prediction of disease predisposition. Pilot projects, initiated by various research groups and Google, are currently underway, but results with not be available for a few years. We here summarize some possible difficulties with these approaches, by using examples from already tried cancer and other screening programs. Population screening, especially with multiparametric algorithms, will identify at least some false positive parameters and screening programs will identify abnormal results in otherwise healthy individuals. Whole genome sequencing will identify genetic changes of unknown significance and may not predict accurately future disease predisposition if the disease is also influenced by environmental factors. In screening programs, if the disease is rare, the positive predictive value of the test will be low, even if the test has excellent sensitivity and specificity. False positive results may require invasive procedures to delineate. Furthermore, screening programs are not effective if the cancer grows quickly, and will identify indolent forms of the disease with slow-growing tumors. It has also been recently shown that for some cancers, more intensive and radical treatments do not usually lead to better clinical outcomes. We conclude that new omics testing technologies should avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment and need to be evaluated for overall clinical benefit before introduction to the clinic.
A novel half-type permanent magnet structure of IPM BLDC motor (2015)

Conventional Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Brushless DC (BLDC) motors use an array of alternating N and S pole Permanent Magnets (PM) in the air gap of the motor. This paper proposes a novel half-type IPM BLDC motor which uses only N pole PMs. By designing the half-type IPM BLDC motor, we were able to successfully reduce the amount of permanent magnets by 24 % while maintaining important characteristics such as torque, output power and efficiency. Unlike Surface Permanent Magnet (SPM) BLDC motors, there is almost no literature on half-type IPM BLDC motors since it is very complicated to reduce torque ripple and consider permeance of the magnetic circuit. However, we were able to reduce the torque ripple to that of conventional IPM BLDC motor levels. Initial model analyses were carried out by Finite Elements Method (FEM) and then verified through experimental evaluation with a prototype.
Properties of Diboron Tetrafluoride (B[sub 2]F[sub 4]), a New Gas for Boron Ion Implantation (2011)

Currently, boron trifluoride, BF3, is the primary feed gas for boron implantation in manufacturing of semiconductor devices. However, BF3 molecule is difficult to ionize and fragment, and therefore only a small fraction is is converted into B+ ions that can be used for ion implantation. This results in low B+ beam currents even at relatively high extraction currents, which can limit process throughput and system performance. The problem is particularly severe at low energies. ATMI has demonstrated that use of diboron tetrafluoride, B2F4, as a feed gas for boron implantation may offer advantages over BF3. It has been shown that B2F4 is capable of generating higher B+ and BF2+ beam currents at lower ion source power settings, and that the molecule can be used on the existing installed base of implanters without any major equipment modifications.