gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nod2 Downregulates TLR2/1 Mediated IL1β Gene Expression in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages (2011)

Nod2 is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor. It has been implicated in many inflammatory conditions. Its signaling has been suggested to modulate TLR responses in a variety of ways, yet little is known about the mechanistic details of the process. We show in this study that Nod2 knockdown mouse peritoneal macrophages secrete more IL1β than normal macrophages when stimulated with peptidoglycan (PGN). Muramyl dipeptide (MDP, a Nod2 ligand) + PGN co-stimulated macrophages have lower expression of IL1β than PGN (TLR2/1 ligand) stimulated macrophages. MDP co-stimulation have similar effects on Pam3CSK4 (synthetic TLR2/1 ligand) mediated IL1β expression suggesting that MDP mediated down regulating effects are receptor dependent and ligand independent. MDP mediated down regulation was specific for TLR2/1 signaling as MDP does not affect LPS (TLR4 ligand) or zymosan A (TLR2/6 ligand) mediated IL1β expression. Mechanistically, MDP exerts its down regulating effects by lowering PGN/Pam3CSK4 mediated nuclear cRel levels. Lower nuclear cRel level were observed to be because of enhanced transporting back rather than reduced nuclear translocation of cRel in MDP + PGN stimulated macrophages. These results demonstrate that Nod2 and TLR2/1 signaling pathways are independent and do not interact at the level of MAPK or NF-κB activation.
Analysis and test of electromigration failures in FPGAs (2010)

With the scaling of submicron device dimensions, the current density and the temperature of interconnects have increased many folds leading to component failure due to electromigration. This paper analyzes the effect of electromigration failures in the interconnect of SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The Mean Time to Failure (MTF) of interconnects is calculated for different benchmark circuits and the variation of current density with MTF is observed. A frequency domain Built-in-Self Test (BIST) scheme is proposed which employs Arithmetic Fourier Transform (AFT) to obtain the spectrum of control sequences to detect weak logic signals.
Neuropsychological impact of trametinib in pediatric low‐grade glioma: A case series (2020)

Clinical trials of MEK inhibitors are underway in pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) with BRAF oncogene mutations and recurrent/refractory disease. Cognitive and behavioral impacts of MEK inhibitors, such as trametinib, are unknown as these outcomes have not yet been studied. This case series compared cognition and behavior in eight PLGG cases prior to and while on treatment with trametinib compared to four PLGG controls. Intelligence in the trametinib cases was mainly unchanged while on treatment, with mild decline in one of seven cases with complete data. Parent-reported depression symptoms increased in five of eight trametinib cases relative to one of four controls.
Additional file 3: Table S2. of Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. transcriptome effects in proliferating cells (2017)

Normalized mean RNAseq read counts observed in p. major satellite cells from RBC2 and F line turkeys after 72 h proliferation when cultured at 38 °C. Genes are sorted in descending order by average number of reads. (XLSX 1448 kb)
Chelate Chemistry. I. Tropolone and Aminotroponimine Derivatives of the Main-Group Elements (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelate Chemistry. I. Tropolone and Aminotroponimine Derivatives of the Main-Group ElementsE. L. Muetterties and C. M. WrightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 23, 5132–5137Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01077a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01077a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mourners’ memories (2015)

An Anglican cleric’s funeral tributes are commonly based on the recollections of mourners. I illustrate some of ‘my’ mourners’ memories, and their conversational idiom – the prevalence of everyday vocabulary. Following W. S. F. Pickering’s pioneering investigation of religious life and ordinary theology in 1950s Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, UK, I propose that such reminiscences provide a source for popular attitudes; they reflect a persistent ‘family Britain’ view of life, shared by churchgoers and non-churchgoers alike.
Fabrication of high frequency (25-75 MHz) single element ultrasonic transducers (2003)

The design and fabrication of high frequency single element ultrasonic transducers present a multitude of challenges for the transducer engineer, from size constraints to electrical impedance matching. This paper discusses the trade-offs involved in procedures used to fabricate lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/) and lead titanate (PbTiO/sub 3/) transducers in the 25 MHz to 75 MHz range. Transducers of varying dimensions were built according to an f-number range of 2-3.5. Desired focal depths were achieved with use of either an acoustic lens or a spherically focused piezoceramic. Silver epoxy backing with an acoustic impedance of approximately 5.9 MRayls was used in all designs. All transducers were designed around a 50/spl Omega/ send and receive circuit. Electrical tuning of the transducer to the receive circuitry was achieved by using an RF transformer and/or a length of coaxial cable. All transducers were tested in a pulse-echo arrangement using a Panametrics 5900PR pulser, a Wavetek function generator and a LeCroy digital oscilloscope. The bandwidth, insertion loss, and depth of focus were measured. Numerous transducers were fabricated with -6 dB bandwidths ranging from 40% to 74%, and two-way insertion loss values ranging from -14 dB to -28 dB.
Detection of Fluorescence Generated in Microfluidic Channel Using In-Fiber Grooves and In-Fiber Microchannel Sensors (2009)

In life sciences, the problem of very small volume of sample, analytes, and reagents is often faced. Micro-fluidic technology is ideal for handling costly and difficult-to-obtain samples, analytes, and reagents, because it requires very small volume of samples, in order of microL or even nL. Among many types of optical techniques commonly used for biosensing in microfluidic chip, fluorescence detection technique is the most common. The standard free-space detection techniques used to detect fluorescence emission from microfluidic channel often suffer issues like scattering noise, crosstalks, misalignment, autofluorescence of substrate, and low collection efficiency. This chapter describes two fluorescence detection methods, based on in-fiber microchannels and in-fiber grooves, which can solve those problems, as the techniques integrate the excitation and emission light paths, and the sensing part. Utilizing an optical fiber as a sensing component makes these detection techniques suitable for lab-on-a-chip or microTAS applications.
Extreme Halophiles Synthesize Betaine from Glycine by Methylation (2000)

Glycine betaine is a compatible solute, which is able to restore and maintain osmotic balance of living cells. It is synthesized and accumulated in response to abiotic stress. Betaine acts also as a methyl group donor and has a number of important applications including its use as a feed additive. The known biosynthetic pathways of betaine are universal and very well characterized. A number of enzymes catalyzing the two-step oxidation of choline to betaine have been isolated. In this work we have studied a novel betaine biosynthetic pathway in two phylogenically distant extreme halophiles, Actinopolyspora halophila and Ectothiorhodospira halochloris. We have identified a three-step series of methylation reactions from glycine to betaine, which is catalyzed by two methyltransferases, glycine sarcosine methyltransferase and sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase, with partially overlapping substrate specificity. The methyltransferases from the two organisms show high sequence homology. E. halochloris methyltransferase genes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and betaine accumulation and improved salt tolerance were demonstrated.
Effect of starch 1500 as a binder and disintegrant in lamivudine tablets prepared by high shear wet granulation. (2008)

High shear wet granulation is a preferred manufacturing method of tablets. It allowed for rapid production of compressible granulations. The resultant granulation characteristics depend on a combination of formulation properties and processing parameters. Fully pregelatinized starches are currently being used as binders in wet granulated formulations. But due to the gelatinization, much of the disintegration properties are lost. Partially pregelatinized starches (starch 1,500) have a mixture of properties of both native and fully gelatinized starches; made them useful as both a binder and a disintegrant in wet granulated formulations. Starch 1,500 performed as an excellent binder producing a granulation that was compressible and produced lamivudine tablets of improved hardness and friability compared with those prepared with povidone. The formulation of lamivudine tablets with starch 1,500 exceeded the disintegration and dissolution performance of the povidone formulation that utilized a super disintegrant. High shear wet granulation is also well suited for the use of partially pregelatinized starches.
Macrophages infected with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus release a factor(s) capable of priming uninfected macrophages for activation-induced apoptosis (1997)

Bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with the cytopathic biotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus released an antiviral activity into the supernatant which was tentatively characterized as type I interferon because of its physicochemical properties. Such supernatants primed both infected and uninfected macrophages for decreased nitric oxide production and apoptosis in response to lipopolysaccharide. This finding strongly suggests a role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of mucosal disease, a lethal form of infection with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in which the principal lesions are located in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, which are known to contain a high concentration of endotoxin.
Function of the inv(16) fusion gene CBFB-MYH11 (2001)

Inv(16)(p13q22) is associated with acute myeloid leukemia subtype M4Eo, which is characterized by the presence of myelomonocytic blasts and atypical eosinophils. This chromosomal rearrangement results in the fusion of CBFB and MYH11 genes. Mouse models indicate that the fusion gene, Cbfb-MYH11, inhibits differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Although expression of Cbfb-MYH11 is not sufficient for leukemogenesis, a combination of Cbfb-MYH11 and additional mutations can lead specifically to the development of myeloid leukemia. Normally, CBFbeta interacts with CBFalpha to form a transcriptionally active nuclear complex. In vitro studies indicate that expression of CBFB-MYH11 leads to sequestration of CBFalpha2 in the cytoplasm. It also has been shown to inhibit CBF-mediated transactivation, slow cell cycle progression, delay the apoptotic response to DNA damaging agents, and protect CBFalpha2 from degradation. The importance of these functions in vivo remains to be determined.
Recurrent Plot Analysis of Leakage Current in Dynamic Drop Test for Hydrophobicity Evaluation of Silicone Rubber Insulator (2013)

In order to reduce electrical accidents caused by aging of polymer insulators, hydrophobicity evaluation is one of the essential methods to monitor the practical performance of insulators. This paper presents recurrent plot (RP) analysis of leakage current (LC) to evaluate the hydrophobicity of the silicone rubber insulator. Experiments were carried out according to the dynamic drop test method. Dynamic behaviors of water droplets and the induced discharge phenomena were captured by using a high-speed camera fixed vertically to the specimen surface. LC was measured and extended to <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$m$</tex></formula> -dimensional phase space by using a phase-space reconstructed method. The RP of LC was obtained to reflect the underlying mechanism of surface discharges in relation to the insulator hydrophobicity. The results indicate that the RP technique can give a visual method for the hydrophobicity evaluation. The increasing tendency in RP indicators can reveal the decrease of hydrophobicity.
Design and testing of a 25-stage electromagnetic coil gun (2002)

Tetra has designed and fabricated a 25-stage prototype electromagnetic coil gun. To date, five stages have been successfully tested. Initial results track very well with predicted values. Each coil is sequentially fired as the projectile moves down the bore. A hybrid control system is used to measure the velocity of the projectile as it enters each coil and calculates the time-to-firing. Computer predictions based on this model indicate velocities greater than 3000 m/s can be achieved. Currently, the system has been tested with 10 kJ delivered to each coil. Solid dielectric switches are used to transfer the energy from each capacitor to the coils. Performance of the coil gun, computer modeling, and laboratory results are discussed.
MULTIPLE FORMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL α‐TOXIN (1975)

A group of proteins was readily extracted at neutrality from trichloroacetic acid precipitates of staphylococcal culture filtrate supernatants, while α‐toxin was dissolved and activated by treating the precipitate with 8 M urea, with acidic buffers or by heating to 90–100° C at neutrality. Heat activation of the precipitate produced a relatively pure α‐toxin with a molecular weight of 39,000. α‐Toxin was eluted together with three other proteins on hydroxyl apatite chromatography, and evidence was obtained for an association between the four proteins. On isoelectric focusing a haemolytic fraction was obtained at pH 6.2, probably due to acid activation of the precipitate formed at the cathodic end of the column. The α‐haemolytic fractions with pI's of 7.4 and 8.6 were shown to consist of α‐toxin only when analyzed by acrylamide electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The haemolytic component with a pI of 9.2 contained two additional components of molecular weights of 27,500 and 18,000. Chromatography of this material on Sephadex G‐200 showed that α‐toxin and the two proteins appeared as a high molecular complex.
2505 Shape Optimization Based on the Level Set Method Using a Hyperbolic Tangent Function (2015)

The aim of this research is to construct a structural optimization method based on a level set method, the so-called convected level set method. The basic idea of this method is that the level set function is defined as a truncated smooth function obtained using a sinus filter based on a hyperbolic tangent function. The local property of the hyperbolic tangent level set function stabilizes the computation of the advection equation used for evolving the level set function and reduces the computational cost of the reinitialization that maintains the profile of the level set function. Additionally, the low computational cost characteristic enables the use of convective reinitialization, whose basic idea is that the reinitialization is incorporated in the advection equation, avoiding the need for a separate computation. Consequently, the convected level set method can avoid the need for additional computations when conducting reinitialization. The validity of our proposed method is tested with standard structural optimization problems.
Nanoreplica moulding of polyacrylamide hydrogels (2012)

Polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels are widely used in bioanalysis and biosensing applications. Scaling down of PAM patterns to micro/nanosize extends PAM applications to lab-on-a-chip, highly sensitive biosensors and cell/tissue analysis. Proposed is a replica moulding technique to pattern the PAM surface down to nanosize. Various patterns on silicon moulds successfully transferred to PAM with a minimum dimension of 60 nm and aspect ratio of up to ∼9. PAM is characterised as a platform for a single cell array and the analysis of cell responses to topographic cues. Moreover, micro/nanopatterned PAM samples were implanted under the back skin of rats to study the topological effects on immuno responses in vivo. Therefore the use of micro/nanoreplica moulding to pattern PAM hydrogel provides opportunities for studying the relationship between soft nanoscaled structures and cell/tissue.
Oxidative Stress Induces the Formation of D‐Aspartyl Residues in the Elastin Mimic Peptides (2010)

Racemization of aspartyl (Asp) residues in peptides and proteins has been considered to be a nonenzymatic chemical reaction which occurs via succinimide formation. However, it has not been known yet what conditions in living body accelerate the inversion of the L- to the D-form. Here, we examined the effect of ultraviolet (UV) exposure or oxidative stress on the formation of D-Asp residues in the elastin mimic peptides with or without heat treatment. As a result, UV exposure did not affect the D-Asp formation in peptides. On the other hand, the amount of D-Asp in heat-treated peptide solution at the same time as addition of HO(.) radical, H(2)O(2), and lipid peroxide was significantly increased. These results indicate that the inversion rate to D-form of Asp residues in skin elastin is accelerated by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that oxidative stress might be closely related to D-Asp formation in aging proteins.
Sialidase-Catalyzed One-Pot Multienzyme (OPME) Synthesis of Sialidase Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors (2017)

Sialidase transition state analog inhibitor 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-<i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2en, DANA) has played a leading role in developing clinically used anti-influenza virus drugs. Taking advantage of the Neu5Ac2en-forming catalytic property of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> sialidase SpNanC, an effective one-pot multienzyme (OPME) strategy has been developed to directly access Neu5Ac2en and its C-5, C-9, and C-7-analogs from <i>N</i>-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) and analogs. The obtained Neu5Ac2en analogs can be further derivatized at various positions to generate a larger inhibitor library. Inhibition studies demonstrated improved selectivity of several C-5- or C-9-modified Neu5Ac2en derivatives against several bacterial sialidases. The study provides an efficient enzymatic method to access sialidase inhibitors with improved selectivity.
Fast Acquisition of Heart Rate in Noncontact Vital Sign Radar Measurement Using Time-Window-Variation Technique (2015)

The fast acquisition of heart rate (HR) is a challenge in noncontact vital sign detection using a Doppler radar system. Most of the previous studies use long-period time windows to guarantee a sufficient frequency spectrum resolution for HR measurement using the peak searching method on the frequency spectrum. For fast acquisition of HR, the length of the time window is less than 5 s and the accuracy is significantly degraded due to insufficient spectrum resolution. For vital sign detection using complex signal demodulation (CSD), measuring HR variation becomes a difficult job due to respiration harmonic interference and insufficient frequency spectrum resolution. In this paper, a time-window-variation technique is developed for fast acquisition of HR from short-period time windows and measuring HR variation using CSD. Experiments are performed on four human subjects under controlled laboratory conditions by a 5.8-GHz continuous-wave Doppler radar vital sign detection system. The HR measurement results within 2-5-s time windows are compared by applying a simple fast Fourier transform (FFT) and peak searching method, a 10-s sliding-time-window FFT method, and the proposed method. The proposed method achieves the smallest average error among the three techniques. The proposed method has also proved to be able to measure HR variation using CSD.
Physics-guided Energy-efficient Path Selection Using On-board Diagnostics Data (2020)

Given a spatial graph, an origin and a destination, and on-board diagnostics (OBD) data, the energy-efficient path selection problem aims to find the path with the least expected energy consumption (EEC). Two main objectives of smart cities are sustainability and prosperity, both of which benefit from reducing the energy consumption of transportation. The challenges of the problem include the dependence of EEC on the physical parameters of vehicles, the autocorrelation of the EEC on segments of paths, the high computational cost of EEC estimation, and potential negative EEC. However, the current cost estimation models for the path selection problem do not consider vehicles’ physical parameters. Moreover, the current path selection algorithms follow the “path + edge” pattern when exploring candidate paths, resulting in redundant computation. Our preliminary work introduced a physics-guided energy consumption model and proposed a maximal-frequented-path-graph shortest-path algorithm using the model. In this work, we propose an informed algorithm using an admissible heuristic and propose an algorithm to handle negative EEC. We analyze the proposed algorithms theoretically and evaluate the proposed algorithms via experiments with real-world and synthetic data. We also conduct two case studies using real-world data and a road test to validate the proposed method.
Application in detergency of a low‐grade zeolite‐a derived from lipari pumice (1983)

Abstract Zeolite‐A, containing &lt; 100 parts/10 6 Fe, obtained from a widespread, low‐cost, raw material (Lipari pumice) is proposed as a detergent‐builder in place of polyphos‐phates. The derived synthetic detergency grade zeolites show a sufficiently high Ca‐ion exchange capacity; Mg‐capture is more difficult. The zeolites investigated decompose perborate equally well or less than commercially available detergent zeolite‐A samples prepared synthetically from pure Na silicate and aluminate.