gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activities of Korean blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extracts (2014)

To investigate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Korean blueberry water and ethanol extracts were determined before determining the potential of the extracts as antioxidant. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by following some well established methods for free radical scavenging such as 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate, 1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid), free radical induced DNA damage, superoxide dismutase-like and catalase assay etc. Furthermore, 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan and nitric oxide assay were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. Total phenolic contents were found (115.0±3.0) and (4.2±3.0) mg GAE/100 g fresh mass for both extracts, respectively and flavonoid contents were (1 942.8±7.0) and (1 292.1±6.0) mg CE/100g fresh mass for water and ethonal extracts, respectively. Both the extracts displayed significant scavenging activity of some radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (IC50 at 1.8 mg/mL and 2.05 mg/mL, respectively), 1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (IC50 at 1.5 mg/mL and 1.6 mg/mL, respectively) and nitrite (IC50 at 1.7 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively) etc. The extracts were found to prevent inflammation as well by reducing nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity in cell. The findings suggest that the fresh Korean blueberry could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.
Gravito-magnetic trapping of 87Rb (2008)

Three-dimensional trapping of neutral atoms in a combined gravito-magnetic potential is reported. Clouds of cold rubidium atoms in different hyperfine states of the ground level were trapped with a lifetime of 4.5 s. Confinement exclusively occurred as a combination of the static magnetic force and the gravitational force.
Comparison of nucleotide sequences in HeLa cell mRNA and hnRNA (1975)

Nearest neighbour analysis of nucleotides in vertebrate DNA has revealed a marked deficiency in the frequency of occurrence of the sequence CpGp. By use of the fingerprinting technique of Sanger et al. (1965) to characterise the nucleotide sequences of HeLa cell hnRNA after T1 RNAase digestion, we have shown that this deficiency also occurs in hnRNA and that it appears to be a general transcript of DNA. This is also true of the hnRNA that contains poly(A). Whilst a deficiency of CpGp occurs also in poly(A) containing mRNA from HeLa cells the deficiency is less marked than in the case of total hnRNA, or poly(A) containing hnRNA. Another difference between mRNA and hnRNA lies in the level of occurrence of the sequence UpApGp. These results are discussed with reference to the possible relationship of hnRNA to mRNA.
The Synthesis of Nitro and Dimeric Nitroso Sugars by Peracid Oxidation of Amino Sugars (1973)

A number of methyl 3-amino-3-deoxyaldopyranosides were oxidized with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The reaction, which had been previously applied to steroidal amines (6), has provided a new route to nitro sugars and at the same time furnished hitherto unknown nitroso sugar derivatives, namely, dimeric methyl 3-deoxy-3-nitrosoaldopyranosides. Oxidation of a model compound, trans-2-aminocyclohexanol, likewise gave the corresponding nitro and dimeric nitroso alcohols. The combined yields of oxidation products ranged from 40 to 95%.
Is the Virus Important? And Some Other Questions (2018)

The motivation for focusing on a specific virus is often its importance in terms of impact on human interests. The chlorella viruses are a notable exception and 40 years of research has made them the undisputed model system for large icosahedral dsDNA viruses infecting eukaryotes. Their status has changed from inconspicuous and rather odd with no ecological relevance to being the <i>Phycodnaviridae</i> type strain possibly affecting humans and human cognitive functioning in ways that remain to be understood. The Van Etten legacy is the backbone for research on <i>Phycodnaviridae</i>. After highlighting some of the peculiarities of chlorella viruses, we point to some issues and questions related to the viruses we choose for our research, our prejudices, what we are still missing, and what we should be looking for.
Antifungal Resistance in Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi (2009)

최근 수십 년 동안 진균에 의한 중증 감염의 빈도가 크게 증가함에 따라 새로운 항진균제가 개발되어 왔다. 중증 진균 감염의 치료를 위해 현재 사용 가능한 주요 전신성 항진균 제로는 세포막 ergosterol에 직접 작용하는 polyene계 항진 균제(amphotericin B), ergosterol 합성을 억제하는 azole계 항진균제(fluconazole, itraconazole 및 voriconazole) 및 진 균세포벽 β-glucan 합성을 억제하는 echinocandin계 항진 균제(caspofungin, anidulafungin 및 micafungin) 등이 있다 (1-3). 이처럼 새로운 항진균제가 개발되고 있음에도 불구 하고, 중증 진균 감염의 항진균제 치료실패와 사망률은 아직 매우 높다. 항진균제 치료의 실패는 임상적 요소뿐 아니라 진균의 항 진균제에 대한 내재성 내성(intrinsic resistance)이나 획득 내성(acquired resistance)도 원인이 될 수 있다(2-4). 항진
Mechanisms of enhanced macrophage apoE secretion by oxidized LDL (1997)

Previous studies have demonstrated that atherosclerotic lesions contain apoE synthesized primarily by macrophages. As oxidized LDL has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, its effect on macrophage apoE synthesis and secretion was examined. Human monocytic leukemia cells, THP-1, and human monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to various forms of oxidatively modified LDL for determination of their effect on apoE mRNA and protein levels. Extensively copper oxidized (Cu-oxidized) LDL resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent increase in apoE mRNA and protein as compared to other forms of oxidized LDL, i.e., LDL modified by soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), azoamidinopropane HCl (AAPH), and hypochlorite (HOCl). Consistent with these results, experiments using THP-1 cells transfected with the apoE promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene indicated that Cu-oxidized LDL was the most potent stimulator of apoE transgene expression. Enhanced apoE expression due to Cu-oxidized LDL was shown to be due to cholesterol accumulation as well as additional factors. HPLC analysis of the various forms of modified LDL revealed that 7-ketocholesterol was the major oxysterol present in Cu-oxidized LDL. AAPH-oxidized LDL contained significantly less 7-ketocholesterol than Cu-oxidized LDL and virtually no 7-ketocholesterol was detected in SLO- or HOCl-oxidized LDL. Northern blot analysis indicated an increase in apoE mRNA in response to increasing concentrations of 7-ketocholesterol. These results elucidate a potential role of oxidized LDL, and specifically 7-ketocholesterol, in the stimulation of macrophage apoE secretion in atherosclerotic lesions.
Standards for groundwater monitoring (1988)

The American Society of Testing and Materials Subcommittee D‐18.21 on Groundwater Monitoring is charged with developing standards for methods and materials used in the conduct of groundwater and vadose zone monitoring investigations. The subcommittee, which is part of ASTM Committee D‐18 on Soil and Rock, is chaired by David M. Nielsen of Westerville, Ohio; vice‐chairman is Ivan Johnson of Arvada, Colo., and secretary is Joseph D. Ritchey of Keck Consulting Services, Inc. Sections within the subcommittee have been formed to address a variety of narrower subject areas, including surface and borehole geophysics, Wayne Saunders, chairman vadose zone monitoring, Lome Everett, chairman monitoring‐well drilling and soil sampling practices, Robert Pentergast, chairman determination of hydrogeologic parameters, Doug Bedinger, chairman monitoring‐well design and construction, Martin Sara, chairman monitoring‐well maintenance, rehabilitation, and abandonment, Steven Nacht, chairman groundwater sample collection, handling, and field analysis, Beth Martin, chairman design and analysis of hydrogeologic data systems, Roger Henning, chairman special problems of monitoring in karst terrains, James Quinlan, chairman groundwater modeling, J . D. Ritchey, chairman
ChemInform Abstract: Yeast Reduction of Some Four‐Carbon Chlorinated Ketones. A Convenient Synthesis of (S)‐(+)‐But‐3‐en‐2‐ol. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A modified McKinnon‐Bates (MKB) algorithm for improved 4D cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the lung (2018)

The 4D mMKB algorithm yields good quality coronal and sagittal images in the thorax that may provide sufficient information for patient verification.
A Novel Adaptive Biasing Scheme for CMOS Op-Amps (2005)

In this paper, we present a new adaptive biasing scheme for CMOS op-amps. The designed circuit has been used in an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with ±1 V power supply, and it has improved the positive and negative slew rates from 2.92 V/msec to 1242 V/msec and from 1.56 V/msec to 133 V/msec respectively, while maintaining all the smallsignal performance parameter values the same as that without adaptive biasing (as expected), however, there was a marginal decrease of the dynamic range. The most useful features of the proposed circuit are that it uses a very low number of components (thus not creating severe area penalty) and requires only 25 ㎻of extra stand-by power.
Polymerization of styrene with supported half-sandwich complexes (1999)

Polymerizations of styrene were carried out with half-sandwich complexes supported on silica, CpTiX3/MAO/SiO2 (X = Cl, F). The optimum values for the polymerization time, the amount of cocatalyst and the Alsupport/Ti ratio were found for the trichlorinated system. The highest activity obtained was 3,100 g sPS/(mol Ti × h × mol/L styrene). The trihalogenated complexes were compared to one another with respect to their polymerization rate. CpTiCl3/MAO/SiO2 and CpTiF3/MAO/SiO2 behave in a similar manner, suggesting that the active species of both half-sandwich complexes on the support are the same. Furthermore, aging experiments were carried out with CpTiCl3/MAO/SiO2 and, surprisingly, deactivation was observed, as opposed to supported zirconocenes which gain stability against deactivation reactions when anchored to a carrier. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2959–2968, 1999
Therapeutic Immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is an Effective Adjunct to Antibiotic Treatment (2012)

These results demonstrate the ability of therapeutic immunization to significantly enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy against tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, with implications for treatment duration, patient compliance, and more optimal resource allocation.
Is manual palpation of the uterine scar following vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) helpful? (2014)

Risk of uterine rupture with trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is less than one percent. Discovery of uterine rupture often occurs during labor. In our case, the uterine scar is discovered to be ruptured during the postpartum period. The exact cause and time of uterine rupture is difficult to ascertain in this case, yet manual palpation of the uterine scar did not aid in the eventual diagnosis.
Correction to “The Chirality of a Twist–Bend Nematic Phase Identified by NMR Spectroscopy” (2012)

Due to a production error, an incorrect symbol was used in the Figure 15 caption. The superscript “2” should have been a down solid triangle
Topology Optimization Using Structural Discrete Elements(In Cases where the Principal Direction of Moment of Inertia in Frame Element Cross-Section is Included as a Design Variable) (2005)

This paper presents a new topology optimization method that supports decision-making to obtain innovative designs at the conceptual design phase for mechanical structures. This method is developed based on structural and function-oriented elements such as frame and panel elements. For each of the frame elements, the rotational angle denoting the principal direction of the second moment of inertia is included as a design variable, and a way to obtain the optimal angle is derived from Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. For the panel elements, two types of panel element are introduced based the assumed stress method. Several numerical examples confirm the validity and utility of the proposed method, which should be useful for mechanical design engineers at the conceptual design phase.
A case of spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage secondary to polyarteritis nodosa. (2002)

A case report of a patient who develops a spontaneous perinephric hemorrhage secondary to polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is described. The diagnosis of PAN was delayed in this patient somewhat due to a previously unrecognized relation to a recent perihepatic hemorrhage. Unenhanced CT findings in this case were nonspecific, but follow up angiography demonstrated characteristic subsegmental and interlobular renal artery aneurysms. Spontaneous perinephric hemorrhage is an uncommon complication of PAN however an elevated level of suspicion regarding the diagnosis of a systemic vasculitis should be considered in any case of spontaneous renal, hepatic, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Spinodal Decomposition in Fluids (1999)

If there exists an asymptotic scaling regime for spinodal decomposition in phase-separating fluids where domain sizes follow $L\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{n}$, then, it is argued, the growth exponent $n$ is no larger than 1/2.
Fast and Fuzzy Private Set Intersection (2014)

Private Set Intersection (PSI) is usually implemented as a sequence of encryption rounds between pairs of users, whereas the present work implements PSI in a simpler fashion: each set only needs to be encrypted once, after which each pair of users need only one ordinary set comparison. This is typically orders of magnitude faster than ordinary PSI at the cost of some ``fuzziness" in the matching, which may nonetheless be tolerable or even desirable. This is demonstrated in the case where the sets consist of English words processed with WordNet.
Development of new injectable bulking agents: Biocompatibility of radiopaque polymeric microspheres studied in a mouse model (2005)

Radiopaque polymeric microspheres have a potential as new bulking agents for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The advantage over existing bulking agents lies in their X-ray visibility in situ; other polymeric bulking agents (e.g., PTFE or silicone rubbers) are practically radiolucent (i.e., incapable of absorbing X-radiation). Radiopacity is useful in practice because of the high spatial accuracy of X-ray imaging. For instance, X-ray fluoroscopy can be used to assess possible migration of the bulking agent over time or to provide guidance in cases in which a second injection of a bulking agent is necessary (repeated treatment of SUI). Biocompatibility of injected radiopaque microspheres was investigated in vivo by using the mouse as a model. Microspheres were injected subcutaneously (9 animals) or intramuscularly (9 animals), and follow-up was 8 days or 3 months. X-ray fluoroscopy gave clear images of the microspheres as an ensemble, and it was found that no migration occurred during 3 months. Histopathology confirmed that all microspheres stayed close to the site of the injection. The microspheres appeared to be well tolerated; only a few giant cells, manifesting a mild inflammatory reaction, were encountered. At 3 months, capillary blood vessels were observed throughout the microsphere beds, and macrophages and fibroblast cells were seen in between the microspheres. This is encouraging with respect to the intended application, although it must be acknowledged that the data refer merely to a mouse model. Further experiments with larger, more representative models (rabbit and goat) are in progress.
Selecting a Suitable Feature Subset for Classification using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2021)

In this paper, we propose a method for finding feature subsets that are effective for classification in a given dataset by using a multi-agent reinforcement learning method. In the field of machine learning, it is crucial to find features suitable for classification. A dataset may have numerous features; while some features may be effective for classification or prediction, others may have little or rather negative effects on results. In machine learning problems, feature selection for increasing classification or prediction accuracy is a critical problem. To solve this problem, we proposed a feature selection method based on reinforced learning. Each feature has one agent, which determines whether the feature is selected. After obtaining corresponding rewards for each feature that is selected, but not by the agents, the Q-value of each agent is updated by comparing the rewards. The reward comparison of the two subsets helps agents determine whether their actions were right. These processes are performed as many times as the number of episodes, and finally, features are selected. As a result of applying this method to the Wisconsin Breast Cancer, Spambase, Musk, and Colon Cancer datasets, accuracy improvements of 3.85%, 9.04%, 12.52%, and 20.55% were shown, respectively, and finally, classification accuracies of 97.89%, 93.11%, 96.91%, and 94.74% were achieved, respectively. It was proved that our proposed method could properly select features that were effective for classification and increase classification accuracy.
Separation and Recovery of Nickel and Molybdenum Using Continuous Rotating Annular Chromatography (1994)

ABSTRACT A continuous rotating annular chromatograph was developed for preparative separation of nickel and molybdenum. Dowex 50W-8X cation resin (hydrogen form) was packed in a 505-mm long and 10-mm wide stationary annular column. The feed solution was continuously introduced at the top of the bed by a rotating feed nozzle and was carried down through the annular column with an eluent of 10% sulfuric acid. The products were collected by a rotational tray rotating at the same speed as the feed nozzle. To evaluate the performance of this device, the effect of feed flow rate and rotational speed of feed nozzle were measured. Experimental results were compared with results calculated using model-plate theory. It was found that the optimum feed flow rate, at a constant eluent flow rate of 48.8 mL/min and a rotational speed of 4.5 degree/min, was 3.5 mL/min.
The role of negative emissions in meeting China’s 2060 carbon neutrality goal (2021)

Abstract China’s pledge to reach carbon neutrality before 2060 is an ambitious goal and could provide the world with much-needed leadership on how to limit warming to +1.5°C warming above preindustrial levels by the end of the century. But the pathways that would achieve net zero by 2060 are still unclear, including the role of negative emissions technologies. We use the Global Change Analysis Model to simulate how negative emissions technologies, in general, and direct air capture (DAC) in particular, could contribute to China’s meeting this target. Our results show that negative emissions could play a large role, offsetting on the order of 3 GtCO2 per year from difficult-to-mitigate sectors, such as freight transportation and heavy industry. This includes up to a 1.6 GtCO2 per year contribution from DAC, constituting up to 60% of total projected negative emissions in China. But DAC, like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation, has not yet been demonstrated anywhere approaching the scales required to meaningfully contribute to climate mitigation. Deploying NETs at these scales will have widespread impacts on financial systems and natural resources, such as water, land and energy in China.
A lossless color image compression method based on a new reversible color transform (2012)

In many conventional lossless color image compression methods, the pixels or lines from each color component are interleaved, and then they are predicted and coded. Also, it has been reported that the reversible color transform (RCT) followed by a grayscale encoder gives higher coding gain than the independent compression of each channel does. In this paper, we propose a lossless color image compression method that concentrates on the efficient coding of chrominance channels with a new color transform and hierarchical coding of chrominance channel pixels. Specifically, we first transform an input image with R, G, and B color space into Y C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> color space using the proposed RCT, which shows better decorrelation performance than the existing RCT. After the color transformation, the luminance channel Y is compressed by a conventional lossless image coder, such as JPEG-LS, CALIC, or JPEG2000 lossless. Unlike the luminance channel, the chrominance channels C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> are relatively smooth and have different statistical characteristic. Therefore, the chrominance channels are differently encoded based on a hierarchical decomposition and directional prediction. Finally, effective context modeling for prediction residuals is adopted. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the compression performance by 40% over the conventional channel independent compression methods and 5% over the existing methods that exploit the channel correlation.
A unified Car-IT Communication-Architecture: Network switch design guidelines (2008)

Rising communication needs in transportation systems due to meshed control circuits and complex sensor technology like lidar, radar and cameras lead to increasing wiring harness and system complexity. To solve this, we made an approach for a unified car-IT communication-architecture based on IEEE 802.3 switched Ethernet for use in the vehicular environment. In this paper, we present the requirements for and realization of the core-network components to enable deterministic communication and the corresponding real-time calculus for system verification.
A micro-planar amperometric glucose sensor unsusceptible to interference species (2002)

The authors describe an amperometric glucose sensor characterized by a rapid response, a wide measuring range, and practical immunity to interference species. Sensors coated with acetylcellulose, Nafion/sup TM/, and polydimethylsiloxane have been developed to prevent interference species. Tests of the sensor demonstrate its imperviousness to the effects of ascorbic acid (<11.4 mM), uric acid (<0.30 mM), and acetaminophen (<0.40 mM), as well as its determining glucose concentrations ranging from 0.56 to 33.3 mM, and its capacity to reach steady-state response within 10 seconds.