gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Purity Aluminum Magnet Technology for Advanced Space Transportation Systems (2001)

Basic research on advanced plasma-based propulsion systems is routinely focused on plasmadynamics, performance, and efficiency aspects while relegating the development of critical enabling technologies, such as flight-weight magnets, to follow-on development work. Unfortunately, the low technology readiness levels (TRLs) associated with critical enabling technologies tend to be perceived as an indicator of high technical risk, and this, in turn, hampers the acceptance of advanced system architectures for flight development. Consequently, there is growing recognition that applied research on the critical enabling technologies needs to be conducted hand in hand with basic research activities. The development of flight-weight magnet technology, for example, is one area of applied research having broad crosscutting applications to a number of advanced propulsion system architectures. Therefore, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Louisiana State University (LSU), and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) have initiated an applied research project aimed at advancing the TRL of flight-weight magnets. This Technical Publication reports on the group's initial effort to demonstrate the feasibility of cryogenic high-purity aluminum magnet technology and describes the design, construction, and testing of a 6-in-diameter by 12-in-long aluminum solenoid magnet. The coil was constructed in the machine shop of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at LSU and testing was conducted in NHMFL facilities at Florida State University and at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The solenoid magnet was first wound, reinforced, potted in high thermal conductivity epoxy, and bench tested in the LSU laboratories. A cryogenic container for operation at 77 K was also constructed and mated to the solenoid. The coil was then taken to NHMFL facilities in Tallahassee, FL. where its magnetoresistance was measured in a 77 K environment under steady magnetic fields as high as 10 T. In addition, the temperature dependence of the coil's resistance was measured from 77 to 300 K. Following this series of tests, the coil was transported to NHMFL facilities in Los Alamos, NM, and pulsed to 2 T using an existing capacitor bank pulse generator. The coil was completely successful in producing the desired field without damage to the windings.
Aggregation and morphology control enables multiple cases of high-efficiency polymer solar cells (2014)

Although the field of polymer solar cell has seen much progress in device performance in the past few years, several limitations are holding back its further development. For instance, current high-efficiency (>9.0%) cells are restricted to material combinations that are based on limited donor polymers and only one specific fullerene acceptor. Here we report the achievement of high-performance (efficiencies up to 10.8%, fill factors up to 77%) thick-film polymer solar cells for multiple polymer:fullerene combinations via the formation of a near-ideal polymer:fullerene morphology that contains highly crystalline yet reasonably small polymer domains. This morphology is controlled by the temperature-dependent aggregation behaviour of the donor polymers and is insensitive to the choice of fullerenes. The uncovered aggregation and design rules yield three high-efficiency (>10%) donor polymers and will allow further synthetic advances and matching of both the polymer and fullerene materials, potentially leading to significantly improved performance and increased design flexibility.
Identification of market power abuse in China’s electricity market (2020)

Abstract The goal of this paper is to find a method to identify violations, which is suitable for China’s electricity market. Therefore the key problems in the process were discussed, that is, the trading rules and marketization degree which were different from those of foreign countries. So this article has done the following works to solve the problems. Firstly, this paper classifies and compares the identification indexes of market power abuse, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each index, based on which an index system is proposed. Secondly, An intelligent identification algorithm based on support vector machine(SVM) is introduced and improved to solve the data imbalance problem. Also, the index system and the improved SVM were combined to cover the economic principle as well as improve the identification efficiency at the same time. Taking the simulation data as an example, the rate of violation recognition reaches 100%, which indicates that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.
Conservative treatment versus antireflux surgery in Barrett's oesophagus: Long-term results of a prospective study (1996)

The results obtained for the treatment of 59 patients diagnosed with Barrett's oesophagus, randomized to receive medical treatment (n = 27) or antireflux surgery (n = 32) were assessed prospectively. Median follow-up for the patients undergoing medical treatment was 4 (range 1–11) years and for patients undergoing surgical treatment 5 (range 1–11) years. Satisfactory symptomatic control (excellent to good results) was achieved in 24 patients after medical therapy and in 29 after antireflux surgery. The proportion of patients with persistent inflammatory lesions (54 per cent) and persistent or recurrent stenosis (47 per cent) was significantly higher after conservative treatment than after surgery (5 and 15 per cent, respectively). A decrease in the length of the segment of columnar mucosa was observed in eight of the patients who underwent antireflux surgery, and in only two of those given medical therapy. Conversely, an upward progression of the columnar lining was more frequent in the latter group (11 versus three). Mild dysplasia was observed in five patients, all from the group undergoing medical treatment. Severe dysplasia was detected in two patients, one undergoing medical treatment and the other following surgical therapy, in whom an antireflux procedure had failed previously. Both patients underwent oesophageal resection, with confirmation of a carcinoma in situ. The patients in whom antireflux surgery proved effective showed no dysplastic change or progression to adenocarcinoma. These results, despite the small number of patients and methodological limitations, question the systematic conservative approach in the initial management of patients with Barrett's oesophagus.
Effects of Anti‐TNF‐α Treatment on Lipid Profile in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (2006)

Short anti-TNF-alpha treatment was associated with a significant increase of both total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels, and correlated with decreased disease activity. The atherogenic index showed no changes during the study. Therefore, anti-TNF-alpha treatment might affect lipid profile in RA patients.
Low-dose betamethasone-acetate for fetal lung maturation in preterm sheep (2017)

A single dose of betamethasone-acetate results in similar fetal lung maturation as the 2-dose clinical formulation of betamethasone-phosphate+betamethasone-acetate with decreased fetal exposure to betamethasone. A lower dose of betamethasone-acetate may be an effective alternative to induce fetal lung maturation with less risk to the fetus.
NGF induces apoptosis in a human neuroblastoma cell line expressing the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR (1998)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been demonstrated to support survival and differentiation of neuronal cells. Recently, a role of NGF in neuronal apoptosis has been suggested. NGF binds to tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and to 75-kDa NGF receptor (p75NTR). TrkA is responsible for differentiation and survival, but p75NTR, a member of the death receptor family, seems to mediate the apoptotic effect of NGF. Here we demonstrate that NGF-but not neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced apoptosis in p75NTR-expressing human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. BDNF prevented NGF-induced apoptosis. NGF-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the release of NFkappaB p65 and the activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun amino terminal kinase. Because p75NTR and NGF are upregulated in Alzheimer's disease, NGF/p75NTR might be involved in neuronal cell death related to the disease.
Precision photonic readout for cryogenic IR focal planes (2002)

Maintaining fidelity (signal-to-noise, bandwidth, linearity) of the signals from high performance IR focal planes on their way from the cold finger to the warm outside is as important as generating them in the first place. They are susceptible to EMI and it is often important to minimize heatload on the cryogen. We describe a photonic readout that addresses these issues and uses a passive input transducer in the form of an optical waveguide phase modulator to encode the focal plane voltages as differential phase shifts between guided optical beams, a fiber optic link to the outside and a fast, high resolution optical receiver and digital interferometer to recover the focal plane signals induced phase shifts as digital numbers. The high input impedance of the transducer and minimal heatloss through the single mode optical fibers all contribute to a greatly reduced heatload. We present quantitative data demonstrating signal-to-noise, bandwidth as well as visible and IR imagery transmitted and processed by a prototype design.
The HARPSS process for fabrication of nano-precision silicon electromechanical resonators (2002)

In this paper, radio frequency (RF) ultra-stiff electromechanical resonators are introduced and compared with their ultra-light counterparts. RF ultra-stiff resonators with dimensions in the low end of the micrometer scale can yield UHF frequencies (0.33 GHz) by operating at their higher order flexural modes. However, electrostatic actuation and capacitive sensing of ultra-stiff resonators will require nanoscale airgaps. The HARPSS (high aspect-ratio combined poly and single crystal silicon MEMS technology) fabrication process presented in this paper is an all-silicon process that is capable of producing capacitive silicon resonators (poly and single-crystalline) with lateral gap spacing as small as 10 nm between the resonating structure and the silicon electrodes, without the need for nano-lithography.
Hematite Nanoparticles Addition to Serpentine/Pyroxenes By-Products of Magnesite Mining Enrichment Process for the Production of Refractories (2022)

The present study focuses on the refractory upgrade and reuse of the mining wastes/by-products of the magnesite mine “Grecian Magnesite SA” (Chalkidiki, N. Greece), by the addition of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanomaterial. These by-products were also examined after the application of thermal pre-treatment, i.e., treated at 850 °C for 30 min, prior to sintering. Different thermal treatments and times were applied, aiming to induce the formation of forsterite and attempting to examine the respective effects on the refractory properties of up-cycled products. The results indicate that hematite addition of 5 wt.% can improve the major refractory parameters of products, whereas the applied thermal pre-treatment was not found to be particularly beneficial. Nevertheless, the optimum results were realized after thermal treatment at 1300 °C for 120 min heating time, also revealing that the initial mineralogical content of the examined mineral wastes is a key factor for the subsequent upgrade ranking of the final product.
Frequent epigenetic inactivation of RASSF2 in thyroid cancer and functional consequences (2010)

These results suggest that RASSF2 encodes a novel epigenetically inactivated candidate tumor suppressor gene in thyroid carcinogenesis.
Verbesserung der taktilen Perzeption und parallele kortikale Reorganisation unter rTMS: eine fMRT-Studie (2004)

Ziele: Repetetive transkranielle Magnet-Stimulation (rTMS) wird zur Erfassung unterschiedlicher Aspekte kortikaler Exitabilität und Inhibiton herangezogen, welche eine wichtige Rolle in der Ausbildung zentralnervöser Plastizität spielen. Unsere Studie soll den Effekt von rTMS über dem primären somatosensible Kortex und die korrespondierende taktile Leistung untersuchen. Methode: Zehn gesunde rechtshändige Probanden unterzogen sich einer 5Hz rTMS der Zeigefinger-Repräsentation des linken primären somatosensiblen Kortex (S1). Vor und nach rTMS wurden für den rechten Zeigefinger (ZF) sowie für den als Kontrolle dienenden linken ZF die taktile Leistungsfähigkeit mittels 2-Punkte-Diskrimination getestet und parallel hierzu die kortikale Repräsentation mittels fMRT untersucht. Die fMRT erfolgte als Block-Design mit nicht-schmerzhafter elektrischer Stimulation der Zeigefinger unter Verwendung einer BOLD-sensitiven Spin-Echo EPI-Sequenz; die statistische Nachverarbeitung erfolgte unter SPM 99. Ergebnis: Nach rTMS war die taktile Diskriminationschwellen des rechten ZF signifikant gesenkt; dieser Effekt war nach 135 Minuten reversibel. Die taktile Diskrimination des linken ZF war durch rTMS nicht beeinflusst. Das BOLD-Signal zeigte für den linken ZF keine Veränderung, für den rechten jedoch eine signifikante Größenzunahme im kontralateralen S1 nach rTMS. Schlussfolgerung: rTMS kann als ein von extern über ausgewählte Hirnareale appliziertes Stimulationsverfahren eindeutige kortikale Plastizität mit korrespondierender psychophysischer Veränderung induzieren, wie im vorliegenden Falle eine Verbesserung der taktilen Leistung.
Multianalyte Serum Assays from Mid-IR Spectra of Dry Films on Glass Slides (2000)

An analytical method based upon mid-infrared spectroscopy is proposed, and the advantages of this approach are discussed. The method involves drying a liquid specimen to a film, and deriving analyte levels from the infrared spectrum of that film. The specific aim of this study was to determine whether glass might serve as a suitable substrate for the simultaneous determination of several analytes in complex mixtures. Using human serum as a “proof-of-concept” example, we show here that six commonly measured analytes may be determined from spectra originally measured by employing barium fluoride substrates, but restricting the analytical models to absorptions within the region 2000–4000 cm −1 —i.e., making use of only those absorptions that are accessible with glass substrates. With the use of partial least-squares calibration models, it is shown that albumin, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, and urea may be determined with standard errors that approach or meet the criteria required for routine clinical analysis. The practical advantages of such an approach are discussed.
PP.03.23 (2015)

Objective: Emerging evidences suggest that orthostatic blood pressure (BP) changes are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effect of exposure to job strain on independent predictors of orthostatic of blood pressure and heart rate variability among nurses. Design and method: The participants comprised a homogeneous group of 100 healthy nurses(mean age 22.18 ± 2.2 years). The choice of this population minimized variance attributable to gender, socioeconomic status, and work characteristics. They underwent a simple standing-up test, brachial BP was measured every min. and the R-R intervals of ECG(LF/HF and HF power spectrum) were continuously evaluated. Comparison examination was carried out among 2 group of an orthostatic dysregulation(OD(+)) group and a normal(OD(-)) group. Results: SBP and DBP was variability when standing.(δSBP1.45 ± 7.94mmHg) We observed that orthostatic dysregulation(OD) was seen in 45 subjects. According to blood pressure changes at standing, there was a significant for the frequency of breakfast-intake and eating out. Multiple regression analysis showed that commutation-time and bathing were independent determinants of blood pressure changes at standing position. Conclusions: We concluded that orthostatic change of BP associated with behavior and activity such as bathing and commutation-time, autonomic cardiac control.
Acoustofluidics 19: Ultrasonic microrobotics in cavities: devices and numerical simulation (2012)

Acoustic radiation forces are increasingly used for the handling of micron sized particles (cells, functionalized beads, etc.) suspended in a fluid in the chamber of a manipulation device. The primary radiation forces arise as a nonlinear effect when an acoustic wave interacts with a particle. For specific robotic applications, precise control of the acoustic field in the cavity is important, which is excited, for example, by piezoelectric transducers attached to the device. Based on Gor'kov's potential the relevant forces on spherical particles can be computed. The field can be controlled by varying the excitation parameters: chamber and electrode configuration, as well as frequency, amplitude and phase of the excitation and their modulation. In the first part of the present tutorial, a number of examples are described: displacement and rotation of particles in micro machined chambers and macroscopic transport of particles in a larger chamber. In the second part, numerical tools (Finite Volume Method, COMSOL) are used to model the interaction of the acoustic field with a particle beyond a Gor'kov potential: viscosity, effects of walls near particles and acoustic radiation torque to rotate the particle. Excellent agreement between the various methods has been found.
Statins and vein graft failure in coronary bypass surgery (2012)

Saphenous vein grafts used in coronary artery bypass graft surgery suffer from lower patency rates compared to left internal mammary artery. A number of clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated a significant benefit of statin treatment on vein graft patency. Aside from their well-known lipid-lowering capacities, statins exert pleiotropic effects by direct inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in the wall of these grafts. This leads to reduced geranylgeranylation of small GTPases such as Rho and Rac. Through this LDL-independent mechanism, statins improve endothelial function and reduce vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting also smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Although the existing evidence supports a beneficial effect of statins on vein grafts biology, more clinical trials focused on the effect of aggressive statin treatment on vein graft patency are required, in order to safely translate this strategy into clinical practice.
Molecular Chaperone HSP90 Is Necessary to Prevent Cellular Senescence via Lysosomal Degradation of p14ARF (2016)

The tumor suppressor function of p14ARF is regulated at a posttranslational level via mechanisms yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the identification of an unconventional p14ARF degradation pathway induced by the chaperone HSP90 in association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase C-terminus of HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP). The ternary complex of HSP90, CHIP, and p14ARF was required to induce the lysosomal degradation of p14ARF by an ubiquitination-independent but LAMP2A-dependent mechanism. Depletion of HSP90 or CHIP induced p14ARF-dependent senescence in human fibroblasts. Premature senescence observed in cells genetically deficient in CHIP was rescued in cells that were doubly deficient in CHIP and p14ARF. Notably, non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) positive for p14ARF were sensitive to treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. Furthermore, overexpression of HSP90 and CHIP with a concomitant loss of p14ARF correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Our findings identify a relationship between p14ARF and its chaperones that suggest new therapeutic strategies in cancers that overexpress HSP90. Cancer Res; 77(2); 343-54. ©2016 AACR.
56.3: Active Matrix LCD with Integrated Optical Touch Screen (2003)

Abstract A 2.4 in. by 2.4 in. TFT LCD is presented with an embedded 60×60 array of a‐Si photo sensors, for use as a high performance touch‐enabled LCD with low cost. In the shadow mode the optical touch screen operates with finger or stylus input under ambient lighting conditions from 50 lux to 50 klux.
Correction: Inducible Ablation of Melanopsin-Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells Reveals Their Central Role in Non-Image Forming Visual Responses (2008)

Rod/cone photoreceptors of the outer retina and the melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) of the inner retina mediate non-image forming visual responses including entrainment of the circadian clock to the ambient light, the pupillary light reflex (PLR), and light modulation of activity. Targeted deletion of the melanopsin gene attenuates these adaptive responses with no apparent change in the development and morphology of the mRGCs. Comprehensive identification of mRGCs and knowledge of their specific roles in image-forming and non-image forming photoresponses are currently lacking. We used a Cre-dependent GFP expression strategy in mice to genetically label the mRGCs. This revealed that only a subset of mRGCs express enough immunocytochemically detectable levels of melanopsin. We also used a Creinducible diphtheria toxin receptor (iDTR) expression approach to express the DTR in mRGCs. mRGCs develop normally, but can be acutely ablated upon diphtheria toxin administration. The mRGC-ablated mice exhibited normal outer retinal function. However, they completely lacked non-image forming visual responses such as circadian photoentrainment, light modulation of activity, and PLR. These results point to the mRGCs as the site of functional integration of the rod/cone and melanopsin phototransduction pathways and as the primary anatomical site for the divergence of image-forming and nonimage forming photoresponses in mammals.
Biodegradation and strength retention of poly-L-lactide screws in vivo. An experimental long-term study in sheep. (2001)

SR-PLLA lag-screws showed high initial values, a controlled strength retention and gradual degradation process making the use of them safe also in demanding fixations.
Optimizing Web Services Performance by Using Similarity-Based Multicast Protocol (2006)

Web services have emerged as a key technology that enables interoperability between distributed applications. It is desirable that SOAP, being the Web service transport protocol for interconnecting applications across organizations, performs efficiently in environments where there are a large number of transactions. This paper presents a novel approach to address this issue and hence improve Web services performance. We propose a similarity-based SOAP multicast protocol (SMP) that reduces the network load by optimizing the generated traffic size. In particular, SMP reuses the common template among the SOAP messages and only sends one copy of the common part to multiple clients. The results obtained from our experiments indicate that SMP achieved a 75 percent reduction in network traffic compared to traditional SOAP unicast
The Effect of Pooling and Evaluation Depth on Metric Stability (2010)

The profusion of information retrieval effectiveness metrics has inspired the development of meta-evaluative criteria for choosing between them. One such criterion is discriminative power; that is, the proportion of system pairs whose difference in effectiveness is found statistically significant. Studies of discriminative power frequently find normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG) to be the most discriminative metric, but there has been no satisfactory explanation of which feature makes it so discriminative. In this paper, we examine the discriminative power of nDCG and several other metrics under different evaluation and pooling depths, and with different forms of score normalization. We find that evaluation depth is more important to metric behaviour and discriminative power than metric type; that evaluating beyond pooling depth does not seem to lead to a misleading system reinforcement effect; and that nDCG does seem to have a genuine, albeit slight, edge in discriminative power under a range of conditions. 1.