gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Phase Flow in Water-Wet Porous Media: Determination of Gas/Oil Relative Permeabilities Under Various Spreading Conditions (1993)

Abstract This paper aims at studying the impact of the spreading power (which rules the ability of the oil phase to spread on water in presence of gas) on three-phase gas/oil relative permeabilities and residual oil saturation. Relative permeabilities have been determined by the steady-state method for both increasing and decreasing gas saturation as well as by analyzing unsteady-state displacements. These experimental relative permeabilities are finally compared together and to theoretical curves derived from an analytical model. The differences observed between the relative permeabilities, and the effect of the spreading power on them as well as on the residual oil saturation are explained by pore scale mechanisms.
Effect of PCC Pretreatment with PAM on the Paper Properties (2017)

The study on the pretreatment of PCC with PAM (polyacrylamide) was carried out as a part of solving the problem of decreasing the paper strength due to the increase of the filler usage. Anionic PAM was used for pretreatment of PCC, and the average particle size and specific surface area of PCC were measured by PAM dosage. A combination of anionic and cationic PAM was also applied to observe PCC particle size changes. Filler loading experiments were carried out using pretreated PCCs under selected conditions and the changes in paper properties were investigated. The PCC average particle size increased to 103.5 ㎛ as the anionic PAM dosage increased to 0.1%, then decreased, and the specific surface area of PCC showed the opposite. When using anionic and cationic PAM combinations, the average particle size of PCC was determined by the amount of anionic PAM. When PCC pretreated with 0.1% anionic PAM was used as a filler, the bulk, tensile index and burst index increased 3.3%, 4.89%, and 24.2%, respectively, while the ash content was increased by about 5%. Therefore, it is expected that PCC pretreatment using anionic PAM can be used as a useful means for improving paper properties.
Parameter and state estimation of switched affine systems (2017)

We investigate the on-line parameter and state estimation of switched affine systems. We first adapt standard techniques available for affine (time-varying) systems to the considered class of systems, which leads to new linear matrix inequality-based conditions for the design of the estimator gains. We then explain how to derive decoupled estimators in the sense that the state and the parameter estimates are generated by cascaded switched differential equations, which is numerically more efficient and thus easier to implement in practice. A first solution is presented, which generates state estimates with jumps at the switching instants. To overcome this potential issue, two “bumpless” strategies are proposed. The first one relies on a persistency of excitation (PE) condition, while the second one applies to a given class of switching rules and avoids the PE condition. Both estimation strategies ensure the global exponential convergence to zero of the estimation errors. The results are illustrated on a model describing the behavior of a DC-DC power converter.
From speech to letters - using a novel neural network architecture for grapheme based ASR (2009)

Main-stream automatic speech recognition systems are based on modelling acoustic sub-word units such as phonemes. Phonemisation dictionaries and language model based decoding techniques are applied to transform the phoneme hypothesis into orthographic transcriptions. Direct modelling of graphemes as sub-word units using HMM has not been successful. We investigate a novel ASR approach using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks and Connectionist Temporal Classification, which is capable of transcribing graphemes directly and yields results highly competitive with phoneme transcription. In design of such a grapheme based speech recognition system phonemisation dictionaries are no longer required. All that is needed is text transcribed on the sentence level, which greatly simplifies the training procedure. The novel approach is evaluated extensively on the Wall Street Journal 1 corpus.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrophobic and Low Surface Tension Polyurethane (2023)

Polyurethane is a common polymeric coating, providing abrasion resistance, chemical durability, and flexibility to surfaces in the biomedical, marine, and food processing industries with great promise for future materials due to its tunable chemistry. There exists a large body of research focused on modifying polyurethane with additional functionalities, such as antimicrobial, non-fouling, anticorrosive action, or high heat resistance. However, there remains a need for the characterization and surface analysis of fluoro-modified polyurethanes synthesized with commercially available fluorinated polyol. In this work, we have synthesized traditional solvent-borne polyurethane, conventionally found in food processing facilities, boat hulls, and floor coatings, with polyurethane containing 1%, 2%, and 3% perfluoropolyether (PFPE). Polyurethane formation was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, with the urethane band forming at 1730 cm−1 and the absence of free isocyanate stretching from 2275–2250 cm−1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm perfluoropolyether polymerization with an increase in the atomic percentage of fluorine. Wettability and hydrophobicity were determined using a dynamic water contact angle with significant differences in advancing the water contact angle with the inclusion of perfluoropolyether blocks (PU–co–1PFPE 131.5° ± 8.0, PU–co–2PFPE 130.9° ± 5.8, and PU–co–3PFPE 128.8° ± 5.2) compared to the control polyurethane (93.6° ± 3.6). The surface orientation of fluorine supported the reduced critical surface tensions of polyurethane modified with PFPE (12.54 mN m−1 for PU–co–3PFPE compared to 17.19 mN m−1 for unmodified polyurethane). This work has demonstrated the tunable chemical qualities of polyurethane by presenting its ability to incorporate fluoropolymer surface characteristics, including low critical surface tension and high hydrophobicity.
Genetic Linkage of the Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type III Locus to Chromosome 4q (1999)

Dentinogenesis imperfecta type III (DGI-III) is an autosomal-dominant disorder of dentin formation which appears in a tri-racial southern Maryland population known as the "Brandywine isolate". This disease has suggestive evidence of linkage to the long arm of human chromosome 4 (LOD score of 2.0) in a family presenting with both juvenile periodontitis and DGI-III. The purpose of this study was to screen a family presenting with only DGI-III to determine if this locus was indeed on chromosome 4q. Furthermore, we wanted to determine if DGI-III co-localized with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II (DGI-II), which has been localized to 4q21-q23. Therefore, a large kindred from the Brandywine isolate was identified, oral examination performed, and blood samples collected from 21 family members. DNA from this family was genotyped with 6 highly polymorphic markers that span the DGI-II critical region of chromosome 4q. Analysis of the data yielded a maximum two-point LOD score of 4.87 with a marker for the dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) locus, a gene contained in the critical region for DGI-II. Our results demonstrated that the DGI-III locus is on human chromosome 4q21 within a 6.6 cM region that overlaps the DGI-II critical region. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that DGI-II is either an allelic variant of DGI-III or the result of mutations in two tightly linked genes.
Nucleation and Crystallization of Na 2 O · 2CaO · 3SiO 2 Glass by Differential Thermal Analysis (1991)

The nucleation and crystallization of the Na 2 O · 2CaO · 3SiO 2 (NC 2 S 3 ) glass were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA), and a (nucleation rate—temperature)‐like curve was determined by plotting either the reciprocal of the temperature corresponding to the crystallization peak maximum, 1/ T p , or the height of the crystallization peak, (δ T ) p , as a function of nucleation temperature, T n . The temperature where nucleation can occur for this glass ranges from 550° to 650°C and the temperature for maximum nucleation is 600°± 5°C. Both temperatures are in excellent agreement with those determined by the classical technique of nucleation followed by isothermal crystallization. The activation energy for crystallization, E c , for this glass is the same for surface and/or bulk crystallization, and is 370 ± 15 kJ/mol. The analysis of the crystallization data with the Kissinger equation yelds the correct value for E c only when crystal growth occurs on a fixed number of nuclei. When a majority of the nucleation occurs during the DTA measurements, a modified Kissinger equation must be used to calculate E c . E c is also independent of the heating rate when determined using a single‐crystallization‐peak analysis technique. The single‐peak analysis technique is useful for a rapid determination of E c or when only a small amount of sample is available.
Natural killer (NK) cell-derived extracellular-vesicle shuttled microRNAs control T cell responses (2022)

Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill target cells undergoing different types of stress. NK cells are also capable of modulating immune responses. In particular, they regulate T cell functions. Small RNA next-generation sequencing of resting and activated human NK cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) led to the identification of a specific repertoire of NK-EV-associated microRNAs and their post-transcriptional modifications signature. Several microRNAs of NK-EVs, namely miR-10b-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-155-5p, specifically target molecules involved in Th1 responses. NK-EVs promote the downregulation of <i>GATA3</i> mRNA in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and subsequent <i>TBX21</i> de-repression that leads to Th1 polarization and IFN-γ and IL-2 production. NK-EVs also have an effect on monocyte and moDCs (monocyte-derived dendritic cells) function, driving their activation and increased presentation and costimulatory functions. Nanoparticle-delivered NK-EV microRNAs partially recapitulate NK-EV effects in mice. Our results provide new insights on the immunomodulatory roles of NK-EVs that may help to improve their use as immunotherapeutic tools.
Chemical evolution of a nitrogenase model. X. Reduction of coordinated cyanide ion in cyano complexes of molybdenum(IV) and their use as catalysts for the reduction of molecular nitrogen and of other substrates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical evolution of a nitrogenase model. X. Reduction of coordinated cyanide ion in cyano complexes of molybdenum(IV) and their use as catalysts for the reduction of molecular nitrogen and of other substratesG. N. Schrauzer, P. R. Robinson, E. L. Moorehead, and T. M. VickreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 24, 7069–7076Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00857a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00857a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MISSE Next: In Space Testing of Optics, A Vital Engineering Research Need (2004)

This paper presents an argument for carrying out additional rounds in the current series of (Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE), and extending these flights into other important orbits and mission profiles. This paper will further argue that the optics community should insist on access to such missions as optical systems are playing a larger role in space technology and the data used to design such missions is sparse if it exists at all. Direct flight exposure is the best way to insure that future materials and processes are exposed to all of the relevant environmental factors simultaneously. Finally, the model of the current MISSE missions is proposed as a cost effective means of achieving such flights.
Rare non-traumatic periprosthetic femoral fracture with features of an atypical femoral fracture: a case report (2015)

Although the current definition of an atypical femoral fracture excludes periprosthetic fractures, there may be a periprosthetic fracture with the same or similar pathology as that of an atypical femoral fracture. We must be vigilant and aware of this type of fracture, especially in patients with prolonged bisphosphonate use.
Nonparametric estimation and testing of exchangeable graph models (2014)

Exchangeable graph models (ExGM) are a nonparametric approach to modeling network data that subsumes a number of popular models. The key object that defines an ExGM is often referred to as a graphon, or graph kernel. Here, we make three contributions to advance the theory of estimation of graphons. We determine conditions under which a unique canonical representation for a graphon exists and it is identifiable. We propose a 3-step procedure to estimate the canonical graphon of any ExGM that satisfies these conditions. We then focus on a specific estimator, built using the proposed 3-step procedure, which combines probability matrix estimation by Universal Singular Value Thresholding (USVT) and empirical degree sorting of the observed adjacency matrix. We prove that this estimator is consistent. We illustrate how the proposed theory and methods can be used to develop hypothesis testing procedures for models of network data.
Ischemia/reperfusion accelerates the outgrowth of hepatic micrometastases in a highly standardized murine model (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5659 

Mortality in colorectal cancer is associated with the development of liver metastases. Surgical removal of these tumors is the only hope for cure, but recurrence is common. During hepatic surgery, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver often occurs due to vascular clamping. The adverse effects of I/R on hepatocellular damage and postoperative liver function are well documented. The influence on the outgrowth of residual tumor deposits is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic I/R on the outgrowth of pre-established colorectal micrometastases in a highly standardized murine model and to evaluate the putative protective effect of alternative clamping methods. Five days following intrasplenic injection with C26 colon carcinoma cells the vascular structures to the left lobe were clamped for 45 minutes under hemodynamically stable conditions. Markers of oxidative stress (GSH), hepatocellular damage (ALT and AST) and tumor growth were assessed over time. Next, we analyzed the effect of ischemic preconditioning, intermittent clamping and selective clamping of the portal vein on hepatocellular damage and tumor growth. I/R induced oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage as measured by decreased liver GSH, a marked increase in liver enzymes and the presence of hepatic necrosis covering 14% of the liver parenchyma. The outgrowth of micrometastases in occluded liver lobes was accelerated 5-6 fold when compared to non-occluded liver lobes and was associated with the presence of necrotic areas. Both early and late hepatocellular damage were prevented by occluding blood flow intermittently or by portal clamping as indicated by a 96% reduction in liver enzymes and by the absence of necrosis. In addition, accelerated tumor growth was completely prevented by both methods. In contrast, although early hepatocellular damage was largely prevented (87%), ischemic preconditioning reduced hepatocellular necrosis only by 50% and failed to protect against accelerated tumor growth. Our results identify I/R as a strong stimulus of recurrent intrahepatic tumor growth and indicate that protection against I/R-induced tissue necrosis cross-protects against this phenomenon.



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An Optimization Model For The Market-Mix Problem In The Banking Industry (2000)

For many years banks designed their promotional efforts to aim at the broadest possible markets in hopes of recruiting new clients. Recently, competitive measures have forced them to focus instead on a strategy of market segmentation designed to sell specific products to markets that present the best present and future opportunity for profit. Consequently, banks have begun developing marketing strategies similar to those of the retail industry. In one large Canadian bank, a new marketing approach called the ’street-corner strategy’ was proposed for selling the right product to the right client. However questions remain unanswered. What kinds of clients do banks want? Which products should they sell them? This article proposes a model enabling bankers to find the market-mix that will maximize profits, under the constraints of feasible marketing strategy, competition, and the effects of changing interest rates. We have designed a deterministic optimization model that quickly finds a solution that maximizes bank profits while respecting operational constraints. The model was tested on the data for the province of Quebec and it yielded potential profit increase of 25% for a three-year period. This model can be used to help marketing departments assess their constraints, to evaluate changes in product costs, and to adjust their strategies to increase profitability.
In-Situ Monitoring of Layer-Wise Fabrication by Electrical Resistance Measurements in 3D Printing (2020)

This paper introduces a characterization technique to study 3D-printing of conductors and sensors during fabrication. Currently characterization of 3D-printed sensors is done after fabrication. In our novel method, however, the electrical resistance is monitored in-situ by electrically contacting the part in the beginning of the print process. This way, the effect of every additional layer on the total resistance is determined. Our new experimental method opens up ways to study 3D-printing of sensors in order to better understand the processes at hand, e.g. it may allow distinguishing between bulk and inter-layer resistances. FEM simulations and experiments are used to validate the use of this new method.
Microwave Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellet (2011)

Microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir sawdust pellet was investigated to determine the effects of reaction temperature and time on the yields of bio-oil, biogas, and biochar using a central composition design (CCD) and response surface analysis. The research results indicated that thermochemical conversion reactions can take place rapidly in large-sized biomass pellet by using microwave pyrolysis. The yields of bio-oil and biogas were increased with the reaction temperature and time. The highest yield of bio-oil was 53.9% (wet biomass basis) obtained at 470.7C and 15min. GC/MS analysis indicated that the bio-oils were mainly composed of phenols, guaiacols, furans, ketones/aldehydes, and organic acids. The phenols and guaiacols accounted for the largest amount of chemicals in the bio-oil, which represented 59.778.6% under different conditions. The biogases contained high value chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and short chain hydrocarbons. A third-order reaction mechanism fits well the microwave pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellet with activation energy of 33.5 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 3.03 s1.
Estudo teórico das propriedades óticas não lineares de nanopartículas metálicas (2016)

The nonlinear optical properties of nanosized silver and gold materials were studied by the use of some recent mathematical models. Local field factor and third order susceptibility were calculated in order to verify their relation with incident laser's characteristics like it's intensity and wavelength. The obtained results describe the experimental behavior reported in the literature.
Fast Defense System Against Attacks in Software Defined Networks (2018)

With the ever-growing data traffic in computer networks nowadays, the management of large-scale networks is a challenge for guaranteeing the quality of the provided services. This is due to the increasingly usage of connected applications, such as Internet of Things and cloud computing environments. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new paradigm that aims to make this management process easier by centralizing the configuration of all network devices into a single programmable central controller. However, as any centralized service, this architecture is susceptible to security vulnerabilities, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) and port scan attacks. Thus, security methods are necessary to guarantee the normal operation of SDN's central controller. Furthermore, networks are transporting an increasingly amount of information day by day, which could mean data loss in case of long network unavailability. For this reason, security mechanisms must operate online, with fast-responding countermeasures to mitigate the impact of the detected attacks over the SDN. In this paper, we present a fast SDN defense system against DDoS and port scan attacks, which runs directly into the central controller and uses a game theoretical approach for attack mitigation. For the detection, we compare three different approaches, particle swarm optimization, multi-layer perceptron neural network, and discrete wavelet transform. We test our approach over IP flow data generated over Mininet network emulator, along with floodlight controller, and the presented defense system achieved good outcomes for both detection and mitigation processes.
Hydrolates: By-products of essential oil distillation: Chemical composition, biological activity and potential uses (2020)

Hydrolates, also referred to as hydrosols, floral or distillate waters, as well as aromatic waters, are produced in the same isolation process with essential oils by steam distillation. A small amount of essential oil constituents is dissolved in hydrolates providing specific organoleptic properties and flavor, as well as biological activity which makes them useful as raw material in many industries. Their popularity is still on the rise, especially in aromatherapy. The objective in this review is to analyze the chemical compositions of hydrolates and their corresponding essential oils, as well as biological activity of hydrolates (antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiinflamatory) and potential uses, not only in food industry for flavoring, and preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, but also as functional (soft) drinks. However, hydrolates can be used in aromatherapy and cosmetics, as well as in organic agriculture and aquaculture.