gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-T/sub c/ superconductor oversampled delta modulator for analog-to-digital converters (1997)

Based on a single-level YBCO thin film topology and seven bicrystal grain-boundary junctions, a high temperature superconductor delta modulator for analog-to-digital converters has been designed, fabricated, and tested. A single bit quantizer based on a quantum flux parametron (QFP) comparator is used for the modulator. A large superconducting inductor is used both for the signal input and for the feedback. A small resistor is chosen for connecting the comparator to the read-out section. The oversampling provides large input signal bandwidth with high dynamic range. Circuit simulations prove the concept of the design. The effective LSB and MSB of the modulator are discussed in terms of input inductance, junction critical current, and QFP noise current. The density of latched output pulses is proportional to the change of input amplitude. Au wires were employed to make crossover of bias lines. Although this modulator did not function as expected for low-speed measurements, it shows the proper latching behaviour of the output section at 4.2 K and 35 K.
Detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Diaphorina citri and Its Importance in the Management of Citrus Huanglongbing in Florida (2008)

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening), is a highly destructive disease that has been spreading in both Florida and Brazil. Its psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, has spread to Texas and Mexico, thus threatening the future of citrus production elsewhere in mainland North America. Even though sensitive diagnostic methods have been developed for detection of the causal organisms, Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the pathogen cannot be detected consistently in plants until symptoms develop, presumably because of low titer and uneven distribution of the causal bacteria in nonsymptomatic tissues. In the present study, TaqMan based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodology was developed for detection of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in D. citri. Over 1,200 samples of psyllid adults and nymphs, collected from various locations in Florida, from visually healthy and HLB symptomatic trees at different times of the year were analyzed to monitor the incidence and spread of HLB. The results showed that spread of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in an area may be detected one to several years before the development of HLB symptoms in plants. The study suggests that discount garden centers and retail nurseries may have played a significant role in the widespread distribution of psyllids and plants carrying HLB pathogens in Florida.
Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds (2020)

The development and succession of the microbiota in ileal mucus and lumen samples from three breeds of broiler chicken (Cobb 500, <i>n</i> = 36; Hubbard JA87, <i>n</i> = 38; and Ross 308, <i>n</i> = 36) was observed between 3 and 42 days post hatch (d.p.h). Chicks were housed in the same room of a climate-controlled, biosecure chicken housing unit. Between 0 and 14 d.p.h, chicks were kept in three circular brooder pens ensuring a mixture of breeds in each brooder. From 22 d.p.h, chicks were removed from the brooders and kept in the same room. DNA was extracted from a pooled sample of ileal mucus and luminal contents taken from five birds of each breed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 d.p.h. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed for the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The initial microbiota in the ileum varied between breeds. The common features were a low diversity and general dominance by one or two taxa such as <i>Enterococcus</i> or <i>Escherichia</i> with relatively low numbers of <i>Lactobacillus</i>. <i>Escherichia</i> became the most abundant genus in samples where <i>Enterococcus</i> was previously the dominant taxa. The next phase of development was marked by an increase in the abundance of Candidatus <i>Arthromitus</i> in the mucus and <i>Lactobacillus</i> in the lumen. The high abundance of Candidatus <i>Arthromitus</i> persisted between 7 and 14 d.p.h after which <i>Lactobacillus</i> became the most abundant genus in both the mucus and lumen. Dominance of the ileal microbiota by <i>Lactobacillus</i> was a transient feature. By 42 d.p.h, the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> had fallen while a range of other taxa including <i>Escherichia, Turicibacter</i>, and members of Clostridiales increased. This general pattern was followed by all breeds, however, the rate at which succession occurred differed as Ross matured quicker than Cobb with Hubbard as an intermediate.
Future DNA Sequencing without Length Fractionation (1999)

There is considerable current interest in trying to develop entirely new approaches to DNA sequencing. Many of the techniques that are mentioned in this chapter are discussed only briefly. However, at least one of the second-generation methods treated in this chapter, sequencing by hybridization (SBH), does appear to offer a significant chance of making an impact on the current human genome project, and an even better chance of making a major impact on future DNA sequencing in clinical diagnostics.
Susceptibilities to rimantadine of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses isolated during the epidemics of 1988 to 1989 and 1989 to 1990 (1993)

Clinical isolates of influenza A viruses identified during outbreaks in two winters were tested for their rimantadine susceptibilities by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay modified from that described previously by Belshe et al. (R. B. Belshe, B. Burk, F. Newman, R. L. Cerruti, and I. S. Sim, J. Virol. 62:1508-1512, 1988). The infectivity titer and the 50% inhibitory concentration of rimantadine were calculated for each virus. Of 105 influenza virus A isolates tested, 28 influenza A/H1N1 isolates from the 1988 and 1989 outbreak and 77 influenza A/H3N2 isolates from the outbreak in following year, were susceptible to the antiviral action of rimantadine.
Estrogen receptor-mediated regulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in breast cancer (2003)

Estrogens have been implicated to be complete carcinogens in breast and gynecologic tissues. Possible mechanisms may include differential metabolism with subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species and/or a receptor-mediated pathway, which may also involve indirect modulation of intracellular redox state. Estrogen-mediated oxidative DNA damage in mammary gland epithelia includes the induction of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, both in vitro and in vivo, thereby suggesting a role for oxidative stress in the initiation and/or progression of breast neoplasia. In order to study this phenomenon, we have treated estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha)-positive MCF-7 cells and ER-alpha-negative MDA-MB-231 cells with 10 nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), while measuring changes in antioxidant status and sensitivity to DNA damage by peroxide. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with E2 resulted in a marked decrease in the ability for these cells to metabolize peroxide, which paralleled a decrease in catalase activity and total glutathione levels. These observations also correlated with an increased sensitivity to peroxide-induced DNA damage. The estrogen-induced effects were all opposed by the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. In addition, the estrogen-mediated down regulation of peroxide metabolism, catalase activity, and sensitivity to DNA damage were not observed in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with E2 also resulted in increased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutases (I) and (II) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Therefore, in this breast cancer model antioxidant status is modulated through the actions of the ER. The data may explain some of the estrogen-induced pro-oxidant effects previously reported in vivo. In addition, this is the first report indicating that E2 is capable of inducing an increase in sensitivity to oxidative DNA damage through an ER-mediated mechanism.
A research resource in radionuclide research (2001)

Abstract Since September 1999, Washington University has been funded as a Research Resource in Radionuclide Research by the National Cancer Institute. The goals of the Resource include providing novel radionuclides for collaborative research and other applications. In addition, imaging facilities at Washington University, including the microPET (Concorde Microsystems, Knoxville, TN), the first commercial device based on the design of Cherry and colleagues (1), are being made available to collaborators to assist in the evaluation of radiotracers for both diagnosis and therapy.
The Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Insights from Recent Research (2007)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression is characterized by accumulation of inflammatory mucous exudates in the lumens of small airways, and thickening of their walls, which become infiltrated by innate and adaptive inflammatory immune cells. Infiltration of the airways by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes and CD4 T cells increases with COPD stage, but the cumulative volume of the infiltrate does not change. By contrast, B cells and CD8 T cells increase in both the extent of their distribution and in accumulated volume, with organization into lymphoid follicles. This chronic lung inflammation is also associated with a tissue repair and remodeling process that determines the ultimate pathologic phenotype of COPD. Why these pathologic abnormalities progress in susceptible individuals, even after removal of the original noxious stimuli, remains mysterious. However, important clues are emerging from analysis of pathologic samples from patients with COPD and from recent discoveries in basic immunology. We consider the following relevant information: normal limitations on the innate immune system's ability to generate adaptive pulmonary immune responses and how they might be overcome by tobacco smoke exposure; the possible contribution of autoimmunity to COPD pathogenesis; and the potential roles of ongoing lymphocyte recruitment versus in situ proliferation, of persistently activated resident lung T cells, and of the newly described T helper 17 (Th17) phenotype. We propose that the severity and course of acute exacerbations of COPD reflects the success of the adaptive immune response in appropriately modulating the innate response to pathogen-related molecular patterns ("the Goldilocks hypothesis").
Reaction Mechanism of Pd‐Catalyzed “CO‐Free” Carbonylation Reaction Uncovered by In Situ Spectroscopy: The Formyl Mechanism (2020)

Abstract “CO‐free” carbonylation reactions, where synthesis gas (CO/H 2 ) is substituted by C1 surrogate molecules like formaldehyde or formic acid, have received widespread attention in homogeneous catalysis lately. Although a broad range of organics is available via this method, still relatively little is known about the precise reaction mechanism. In this work, we used in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to unravel the mechanism of the alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes using different surrogate molecules. In contrast to previous hypotheses no carbon monoxide could be found during the reaction. Instead the reaction proceeds via the C−H activation of in situ generated methyl formate. On the basis of quantitative NMR experiments, a kinetic model involving all major intermediates is built which enables the knowledge‐driven optimization of the reaction. Finally, a new reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of in situ observed Pd‐hydride, Pd‐formyl and Pd‐acyl species.
High-speed measuring system for testing mixed-signal-LSI performance and its application to digital-noise measurement (2002)

An automatic measuring system is developed for laboratory use for performance testing and design verification of analog and mixed-signal LSIs. Through the high-speed circuit and board design techniques, an 8-bit 1 GHz arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) and 3 GHz sampling waveform digitizer (SWD) were implemented in the system. This enables the range for measuring high-frequency mixed-signal-LSI performance to be extended from MHz up to GHz. A statistical digital-noise measurement method is presented as an application of the system. The digital-noise performance is automatically analyzed on the system by measuring and processing the statistical output results of the on-chip analog comparators operating on a mixed-signal LSI in order to detect the digital-noise coupling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reconstruction and Disorder at Compound Semiconductor Surfaces. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Re: Aged Men Share the Sperm Protein PATE1 Defect with Young Asthenozoospermia Patients (2015)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Feb 2016Re: Aged Men Share the Sperm Protein PATE1 Defect with Young Asthenozoospermia Patients Craig NiederbergerMD Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.054AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Aged Men Share the Sperm Protein PATE1 Defect with Young Asthenozoospermia Patients." The Journal of Urology, 195(2), p. 446 © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195 Issue 2 February 2016 Page: 446 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Concentration dependence in ultracentrifugal molecular weight determinations of heterogeneous nonelectrolyte polymers (1965)

Abstract Equations were developed for the concentration coefficient of a nonelectrolyte in ultracentrifugal molecular weight determinations and for the expected value of M̄ Z+1 for both AB‐ and ARB 2 ‐condensation polymers. The value of M̄ Z+1 /M̄ Z is 4/3 for AB‐polymers and 10/3 for ARB 2 ‐polymers. The equations show that the concentration coefficient from the apparent Z‐average molecular weight (B z ) divided by that from the apparent weight‐average molecular weight (B w ) should be B z /B w = 2 (M̄ w /M̄ z ). Data were obtained on a low‐molecular‐weight branched polymer isolated from dent corn starch. The values of M̄ z /M̄ w obtained from the extrapolated molecular weights for the entire sample and for the components at cell bottom (b) were M̄ z /M̄ w = 2.9 and M̄ z,b /M̄ w,b = 1.6, whereas the respective values of the ratio from B z /B w were M̄ z /M̄ w = 3.9 and M̄ z,b /M̄ w,b = 2.0. Hence, the theoretical equation B z /B w = 2 (M̄ w /M̄ z ) explains why the value of B z can be less than the value of B w for heterogeneous polymers.
Noninvasive Ventilation During Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Patients with Severe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Case Reports and Review of the Literature (2005)

Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy may benefit from gastrostomy tube feeding due to progressive dysphagia and malnutrition. However, due to their severely impaired pulmonary function, these individuals are at risk of severe complications when they are sedated or undergo anesthesia for the procedure. We previously described a technique of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to provide respiratory support during gastrostomy tube placement in such patients, but this technique had risks and limitations. In this case report, we examine two alternative techniques we used to provide respiratory support successfully to patients with severe muscular dystrophy and malnutrition who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. We then review the literature and discuss the potential benefits, risks, and limitations of the above techniques and of other options for gastrostomy placement in people with severe muscular dystrophy.
Hematologic safety of radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastases : baseline prognostic factor subgroup analysis (2013)

Hematologic safety of radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastases : baseline prognostic factor subgroup analysis
The Architecture and Design of a Community-Based Cloud Platform for Curating Big Data (2013)

The digital universe is exponentially producing unprecedented volume of data that has brought benefits, as well as fundamental challenges for the research community. This trend is inherently exciting for the development and deployment of cloud platforms to support research communities curate data. The excitements stems from the fact that researchers can now have more access and discover more value in data, establish relationships between bits and pieces of information from many types of data, and collaborate with a diverse community of researchers from various domains. Technically, however, platform providers must design their infrastructure in such a way that users can easily search, find, share, and seamlessly collaborate. In this paper, we present the architecture and design of a cloud platform and describe how a community of disaster response scientists could use the platform to curate data. Motivation for developing the platform, lessons learnt in overcoming some challenges associated with collaborative and cooperative cloud environments, and future research directions are also presented. The contribution of this research is in the field of cloud infrastructure for supporting data curation activities, and the sustenance of research communities for the utilization of information assets and cyber technologies.
A Traffic Mode Choice Model for the Bus User Groups based on SP and RP Data (2013)

Enhancing the bus share rate is a major measure to relieve the traffic congestion. To analyze the effect of public transit policy, this paper establishes MNL models based on both SP data and combining SP and RP data, which was collected in Jinan city. Then the paper analyzes how the influencing factors affect the choice proportion of bus travel mode for the bus user groups. In the end, the paper obtains some significant conclusions and proposes measures which would enhance the bus attraction.
Temperature-dependent expression of flagella in Legionella (1991)

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, was analysed by electron microscopy for production of surface structures. Crystalline surface (S-) layers and fimbriae were not detected, but monotrichous flagellation was seen. Polyclonal antibodies specific for the 47 kDa flagellin subunit of L. pneumophila Philadelphia I were used in Western blots to confirm the presence of flagella subunits in various L. pneumophila strains tested, but the antiserum also reacted with flagellin subunits of L. micdadei, L. hackelia [serogroup (SG) 1 and SG2] and L. longbeachae (SG2). Flagellation of Legionellae was shown to be temperature regulated. When the growth temperature of virulent and avirulent of strain L. pneumophila Philadelphia I was shifted from 30 degrees C to either 37 or 41 degrees C, a decrease in the percentage of flagellated bacteria within the population was observed.
Cytological grading of therapy‐induced tumor regression in prostatic carcinoma: Proposal of a new system (1987)

Proposed in this article is a new system for the cytological grading of therapy-induced regression of prostatic carcinoma. Reversible and irreversible criteria in cytoplasm, nuclei, and nucleoli are distinguished and rated independently of each other on a scale of 0 to 2; the cellular regression grades r1-r3 are the sum of rating numbers. Criteria that are invalid for grading regression are pointed out. Results of the clinical testing of this grading system are presented.
Language processing for speech understanding (1983)

Abstract : This report considers language understanding techniques and control strategies that can be applied to provide higher-level support to aid in the understanding of spoken utterances. The discussion is illustrated with concepts and examples from the BBN speech understanding system, HWIM (Hear What I Mean). The HWIM system was conceived as an assistant to a travel budget manager, a system that would store information about planned and taken trips, travel budgets and their planning. The system was able to respond to commands and answer questions spoken into a microphone, and was able to synthesize spoken responses as output. HWIM was a prototype system used to drive speech understanding research. It used a phonetic-based approach, with no speaker training, a large vocabulary, and a relatively unconstraining English grammar. Discussed here is the control structure of the HWIM and the parsing algorithm used to parse sentences from the middle-out, using an ATN grammar.
DeepView: View Synthesis With Learned Gradient Descent (2019)

We present a novel approach to view synthesis using multiplane images (MPIs). Building on recent advances in learned gradient descent, our algorithm generates an MPI from a set of sparse camera viewpoints. The resulting method incorporates occlusion reasoning, improving performance on challenging scene features such as object boundaries, lighting reflections, thin structures, and scenes with high depth complexity. We show that our method achieves high-quality, state-of-the-art results on two datasets: the Kalantari light field dataset, and a new camera array dataset, Spaces, which we make publicly available.
Laser optoacoustic imaging of breast cancer in vivo (2001)

A clinical prototype of the laser optoacoustic imaging system (LOIS) was employed for breast cancer detection and localization in patients with confirmed breast cancer and scheduled for radical mastectomy. The prototype LOIS used a single optical fiber for delivery of laser pulses, an arc shaped 32-element PVDF transducer array for ultrawide-band piezoelectric detection of optoacoustic signals and a single-channel data acquisition card for signal processing. The resonance ultrasound frequency of the 110 micrometers PVDF film was outside detectable range of ultrasound. Spatial resolution of the transducer array was slightly better than 1mm in radial direction and slightly worse than 1 mm in lateral direction. The system was optimized for contrast and sensitivity. Data acquisition, signal conditioning and image processing were significantly improved and optimized resulting in reduced image frame rate of 2 seconds employing 700 MHz Aphlon processor. The computer code for digital signal processing employed band-pass hyper-Gaussian filtering and denoising. An automatic recognition of the optoacoustic signal detected from the irradiated surface was implemented in order to visualize the breast surface and improve the accuracy of tumor localization. Radial back- projection algorithm was employed adopting combination of integration along spherical wavefronts and integration along planar wavefronts (as in Radon transform) for image reconstruction. The system performance was evaluated initially in breast tissue-like phantoms with embedded blood vessels. Clinical studies in breast cancer patients scheduled for surgical mastectomy were performed and compared with x-ray radiography, ultrasound and pathology reports.