gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LED toning system based on NRF24L01 wireless control (2012)

As a new generation of environmental light source, LED has been widely used in many areas because of high efficiency, low driving voltage, low power consumption, long life and other characteristics; a variety of colored lights based on the LED is used everywhere. Based on the three primary colors principle and PWM technology, it designed LED toning system, it could achieve a variety of color, and present a wireless control scheme based on NRF24L01. The scheme with the core of ATmega16L microcontroller configured wireless radio frequency modules NRF24L01 and TFT 2.4 inch touch screen and achieved LED lights brightness and color transformation through writing simple human-machine interface. After the practical application, the toning system works well.
Indomethacin induces differential effects on in vitro endochondral ossification depending on the chondrocyte's differentiation stage (2016)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of bone in soft tissues and is a frequent complication of hip replacement surgery. Heterotopic ossifications are described to develop via endochondral ossification and standard treatment is administration of indomethacin. It is currently unknown how indomethacin influences heterotopic ossification on a molecular level; therefore, we aimed to determine whether indomethacin might influence heterotopic ossification via impairing the chondrogenic phase of endochondral ossification. Progenitor cell models differentiating in the chondrogenic lineage (ATDC5, primary human bone marrow stem cells and ex vivo periosteal agarose cultures) were treated with increasing concentrations of indomethacin and a decrease in gene- and protein expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers (measured by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting) as well as decreased glycosamino-glycan content (by alcian blue histochemistry) was observed. Even when hypertrophic differentiation was provoked, the addition of indomethacin resulted in decreased hypertrophic marker expression. Interestingly, when mature chondrocytes were treated with indomethacin, a clear increase in collagen type 2 expression was observed. Similarly, when ATDC5 cells and bone marrow stem cells were pre-differentiated to obtain a chondrocyte phenotype and indomethacin was added from this time point onward, low concentrations of indomethacin also resulted in increased chondrogenic differentiation. Indomethacin induces differential effects on in vitro endochondral ossification, depending on the chondrocyte's differentiation stage, with complete inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation as the most pronounced action. This observation may provide a rational behind the elusive mode of action of indomethacin in the treatment of heterotopic ossifications. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:847-857, 2017.
Molecular organization of the coupling agent interphase of fiber‐glass reinforced plastics (1979)

Abstract The structure of the silane coupling agent interphase of fiber‐glass reinforced plastics has been studied by Fourier transform infrared and laser Raman spectroscopy. It is found that there is a degree of order in the molecular organization of the coupling agent interphase for the vinyl and cyclohexyl functional silane coupling agents. When a cyclohexyl functional silane is used, crystalline layers of silanetriol on the glass fibers are observed. The extent of order is determined by the structure of the adsorbed species, which is influenced by the structure of the silane in the treating solution. Two factors introducing disorder in the interphase are the magnitude of aggregation of the silanes in solution and irregularities in the topology of the glass surface.
Induction of Apoptosis of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Shiga Toxin 1 (2002)

Brain injury is the most frequent cause of mortality among patients with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) are resistant to Escherichia coli-derived Shiga toxin (Stx); however, inflammatory cytokines markedly increase HBEC sensitivity to Stx cytotoxicity. HBECs were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, with and without Stx-1, and cell survival, (125)I-Stx1 binding, globotriaosylceramide content, cell necrosis, and cell apoptosis levels were determined. TNF greatly increased Stx-1 cytotoxicity, primarily through induction of apoptosis, in HBEC.
Neoplastic and immune single-cell transcriptomics define subgroup-specific intra-tumoral heterogeneity of childhood medulloblastoma (2021)

Abstract Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is a heterogeneous disease in which neoplastic cells and associated immune cells contribute to disease progression. We aimed to determine the influence of neoplastic and immune cell diversity on MB biology in patient samples and animal models. Methods To better characterize cellular heterogeneity in MB we used single-cell RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and deconvolution of transcriptomic data to profile neoplastic and immune populations in patient samples and animal models across childhood MB subgroups. Results Neoplastic cells cluster primarily according to individual sample of origin which is influenced by chromosomal copy number variance. Harmony alignment reveals novel MB subgroup/subtype-associated subpopulations that recapitulate neurodevelopmental processes, including photoreceptor and glutamatergic neuron-like cells in molecular subgroups GP3 and GP4, and a specific nodule-associated neuronally differentiated subpopulation in the sonic hedgehog subgroup. We definitively chart the spectrum of MB immune cell infiltrates, which include subpopulations that recapitulate developmentally related neuron-pruning and antigen-presenting myeloid cells. MB cellular diversity matching human samples is mirrored in subgroup-specific mouse models of MB. Conclusions These findings provide a clearer understanding of the diverse neoplastic and immune cell subpopulations that constitute the MB microenvironment.
Effect of Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma on Endothelial Function and Rho-Associated Kinase Activity in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism (2015)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate vascular function and activity of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) in patients with primary aldosteronism. Vascular function, including flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation, and ROCK activity in peripheral leukocytes were evaluated in 21 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 23 patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), and 40 age-, sex-, and blood pressure-matched patients with essential hypertension (EHT). FMD was significantly lower in the APA group than in the IHA and EHT groups (3.2±2.0% versus 4.6±2.3% and 4.4±2.2%; P<0.05, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in FMD between the IHA and EHT groups. There was no significant difference in nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation in the 3 groups. ROCK activity was higher in the APA group than in the IHA and EHT groups (1.29±0.57 versus 1.00±0.46 and 0.81±0.36l; P<0.05, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in ROCK activity between the IHA and EHT groups. FMD correlated with age (r=-0.31; P<0.01), plasma aldosterone concentration (r=-0.35; P<0.01), and aldosterone:renin ratio (r=-0.34; P<0.01). ROCK activity correlated with age (r=-0.24; P=0.04), plasma aldosterone concentration (r=0.33; P<0.01), and aldosterone:renin ratio (r=0.46; P<0.01). After adrenalectomy, FMD and ROCK activity were restored in patients with APA. APA was associated with both endothelial dysfunction and increased ROCK activity compared with those in IHA and EHT. APA may have a higher risk of future cardiovascular events.
Increased basal nitric oxide release despite enhanced free radical production in hypertension (2002)

Our data reveal an increased basal NO availability in hypertension despite the increased production of ROS, suggesting a greater complexity in hypertensive endothelial dysfunction when the analysis is focused on direct NO measurement.
Initial Density Dependence of the Thermal Conductivity of Polyatomic Gases (2021)

New measurements of the thermal conductivity of argon, nitrogen and carbon monoxide within the temperature range 83 K to 387 K and for pressures up to 10MPa have been performed. The experimental data have an estimated accuracy of ±0.5% and are used in this paper to derive values of the first coefficient of the density expansion of the thermal conductivity of unprecedented accuracy over such a wide range of temperature. The results are compared with a theoretical evaluation of the coefficient for argon and with several empirical estimations for nitrogen and carbon monoxide. The agreement with the theoretical calculation of Rainwater and Friend for argon is good while for nitrogen and carbon monoxide the same theory with a semi-empirical addition to account for the internal energy proves more successful than the Modified Enskog Theory.
Aspergillus calidoustus sp. nov., Causative Agent of Human Infections Previously Assigned to Aspergillus ustus (2008)

Aspergillus ustus is a relatively rare human pathogen causing invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. In this study isolates originating from clinical and other sources have been examined using molecular, morphological, and physiological approaches to clarify their species assignment. Phylogenetic analysis of partial beta-tubulin, calmodulin, actin, and intergenic transcribed spacer sequences indicated that none of the clinical isolates recognized previously as A. ustus belongs to this species. All but two of these isolates formed a well-defined clade related to A. pseudodeflectus based on sequence analysis of protein-coding regions. Morphological and physiological examination of these isolates indicated that they are able to grow above 37 degrees C, in contrast with A. ustus isolates, and give a positive Ehrlich reaction, in contrast with related species including A. granulosus, A. ustus, and A. pseudodeflectus. These isolates are proposed as a new species, A. calidoustus. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that this species has decreased susceptibilities to several antifungal drugs. The triazoles are inactive in vitro, including the new azole posaconazole.
Protecting victims’ identities in press coverage of child victimization (2010)

When the names of child victims and other identifying information appear in the media it can exacerbate trauma, complicate recovery, discourage future disclosures and inhibit cooperation with authorities for the children involved. In this study, we evaluated the amount of identifying information available in a systematic sample of 561 newspaper articles about non-fatal child victimizations published from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2004. Identifying information about the victim (e.g. name of the child’s street, school or a family member’s full name) was published in 51 percent of articles covering child victimizations. For cases of sexual assault, victim identifiers were most likely to be included when the alleged offender was related to the victim or was a high-profile community member. Based on these findings, we examine the arguments for and against more restrictive policies regarding identifying information, and suggest some guidelines that would provide additional protections for child victims.
A 4D view on insulin secretory granule turnover in the β‐cell (2017)

Insulin secretory granule (SG) turnover consists of several highly regulated processes allowing for proper β-cell function and insulin secretion. Besides the spatial distribution of insulin SGs, their age has great impact on the likelihood of their secretion and their behaviour within the β-cell. While quantitative measurements performed decades ago demonstrated the preferential secretion of young insulin, new experimental approaches aim to investigate insulin ageing at the granular level. Live-cell imaging, automated image analysis and correlative light and electron microscopy have fostered knowledge of age-defined insulin SG dynamics, their interaction with the cytoskeleton and ultrastructural features. Here, we review our recent work in regards to the connection between insulin SG age, SG dynamics, intracellular location and interaction with other proteins.
Phase-space representation of amplitude-squared squeezing (1992)

Phase-space pictures have proven to be useful in analyzing standard squeezing. Here such pictures are developed for amplitude-squared squeezing, a form of higher-order squeezing. They are used to examine amplitude-squared squeezing of the squeezed vacuum state and to suggest a method of producing amplitude-squared squeezed states using a nonlinear interferometer. The phase-space representation of a variable which is a mixture of the usual amplitude-squared squeezing variables is also discussed.
Feeder-Free and Serum-Free Production of Hepatocytes, Cholangiocytes, and Their Proliferating Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Application to Liver-Specific Functional and Cytotoxic Assays (2012)

We have established a serum- and feeder-free culture system for the efficient differentiation of multifunctional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem (ES) cells and three entirely different induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (including vector/transgene-free iPS cells generated using Sendai virus vector) without cell sorting and gene manipulation. The differentiation-inducing protocol consisted of a first stage; endoderm induction, second stage; hepatic initiation, and third stage; hepatic maturation. At the end of differentiation culture, hepatocytes induced from human pluripotent stem cells expressed hepatocyte-specific proteins, such as α-fetoprotein, albumin, α1 antitrypsin and cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4), at similar or higher levels compared with three control human hepatocyte or hepatic cell lines. These human iPS/ES cell-derived hepatocytes also showed mature hepatocyte functions: indocyanine green dye uptake (≈ 30%), storage of glycogen (>80%) and metabolic activity of CYP3A4. Furthermore, they produced a highly sensitive hepatotoxicity assay system for D-galactosamine as determined by the extracellular release of hepatocyte-specific enzymes. Hepatoprotective prostaglandin E1 attenuated this toxicity. Interestingly, bile duct-specific enzymes were also detected after drug treatment, suggesting the presence of bile-duct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) in our culture system. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the existence of cholangiocytes, and an immunostaining study proved the presence of bipotential hepatoblasts with high potential for proliferation. Differentiated cells were transferrable onto new dishes, on which small-sized proliferating cells with hepatocyte markers emerged and expanded. Thus, our differentiation culture system provides mature functional hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and their progenitors with proliferative potential from a wide variety of human pluripotent stem cells.
Net Fluid Absorption under Membrane Transport Models of Peritoneal Dialysis (1992)

The effect of oncotic pressure and lymphatic flow on intraperitoneal dialysate volumes in peritoneal dialysis is investigated under each of two membrane transport models: one assuming a homogeneous single-pore membrane and the other a heteroporous three-pore membrane. In both cases, solute and fluid removal are assumed to occur via a mass transport model in which the peritoneum acts like a synthetic membrane separating two well-mixed compartments (body and dialysate). The homoporous mass transport model of Pyle and Popovich and the three-pore model of Rippe et al., although conceptually different, are shown to be equivalent mathematically. This feature allows one to apply the analytical solutions of Vonesh et al. to either model. It also enables one to apply parameter estimates from one model to another; for example, one can apply the lumped sum reflection coefficients of the three-pore model to a homoporous membrane model. A comparison is made between the use of empirically estimated rejection coefficients computed under the homoporous membrane model of Pyle and Popovich versus lumped-sum reflection coefficients calculated in accordance with the three-pore model of Rippe et al. The two models predict similar drain volumes provided the exchange is conducted using glucose as the osmotic agent. However, one does see a significantly different contribution of protein oncotic pressure and lymphatic drainage to fluid absorption under the two sets of osmotic reflection coefficients. Moreover, for a simulated exchange employing an osmotic agent with a molecular weight of 20,000 daltons, the use of reflection coefficients calculated under the three-pore model yields net ultrafiltration values which are more consistent and physiological than results obtained using the empirically estimated rejection coefficients. Since estimates of 'lymphatic flow' will vary according to the quantity and quality of input parameter values (i.e., hydrostatic pressure, protein concentrations, osmotic reflection coefficients), it would be better to label these estimates as the sum of lymphatic and unmodeled net fluid absorption.
Epidemiology and mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. (2005)

A particular challenge in preventing sudden cardiac death is our limited means of identifying individuals, rather than populations, at risk. Genetic and molecular risk factors are among the new measures currently being explored. Until effective risk recognition and stratification methods are available, general prevention--including cardioprotective therapies and the widespread availability of automatic external defibrillators--remains important.
Pharmacogenomic approaches to lipid-regulating trials (2016)

Pharmacogenomics hold great potential in future lipid trials to decrease failure rates in drug development and to identify patients who will respond with greater benefits and smaller risk.
Lithium-Transition Metal-Tetrelides – Structure and Lithium Mobility (2010)

Abstract Lithium-transition metal (T)-tetrelides (tetr.= C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) are an interesting class of materials with greatly differing crystal structures. The transition metal and tetrel atoms build up covalently bonded networks which leave cavities or channels for the lithium atoms. Depending on the bonding of the lithium atoms to the polyanionic network one observes mobility of the lithium atoms. The crystal chemistry, chemical bonding, 7 Li solid state NMR, and the electrochemical behavior of the tetrelides are reviewed herein.
Immunomodulatory Responses of Subcapsular Sinus Floor Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes (2022)

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs), composed of lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and stromal cells, are highly relevant for tumor immunity and the efficacy of immunotherapies. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) represent an important stromal cell type within LNs, and several distinct subsets of LECs that interact with various immune cells and regulate immune responses have been identified. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize LECs from LNs draining B16F10 melanomas compared to non-tumor-draining LNs. Several upregulated genes with immune-regulatory potential, especially in LECs lining the subcapsular sinus floor (fLECs), were identified and validated. Interestingly, some of these genes, namely, podoplanin, CD200, and BST2, affected the adhesion of macrophages to LN LECs in vitro. Congruently, lymphatic-specific podoplanin deletion led to a decrease in medullary sinus macrophages in tumor-draining LNs in vivo. In summary, our data show that tumor-derived factors induce transcriptional changes in LECs of the draining LNs, especially the fLECs, and that these changes may affect tumor immunity. We also identified a new function of podoplanin, which is expressed on all LECs, in mediating macrophage adhesion to LECs and their correct localization in LN sinuses.
A nodal capacity market for co-optimization of generation and transmission expansion (2012)

The paper provides a formulation of the generation and transmission expansion problem which incorporates resource adequacy assessment into the stochastic optimization framework. The system expansion problem is considered as an auction resolved through a stochastic mixed integer linear problem in which generation and transmission expansion offers are explicitly identified on the electrical grid modeled using linearized DC SCOPF. In this formulation, locational resource adequacy indicators are derived as dual variables: shadow prices for reliability limiting transmission facilities and Locational Reliability Prices. The paper demonstrates that the auction can identify an optimal mix of generation and transmission expansion offers which guarantees resource adequacy of the system at least costs. Moreover, the problem of transmission cost allocation is resolved through the market pricing mechanism. The paper extends the results of [1] by incorporating transmission expansion options. A novel technique of modeling flexible transmission topology using flow-cancelling transactions [2] is applied.
Choosing of the best experimental conditions with an absorption spectrometer (1976)

A test of quality determining the accuracy of the measurement of the wave-numbers of absorption lines is proposed. The research of its maximum enables the choice of the best conditions of experiment according to the shape of the absorption factor of the line and according to the resolving power of the spectrometer that is used. The pressure of the absorbing gas and the distance covered by the light in a « White » cell can be deduced from the system of the graphs to be seen in the paper.
A molecular marker closely linked to the region of Rht-D1c and Ms2 genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (2009)

A male sterile wheat mutant, Triticum aestivum L. 'Taigu', was found in a wheat field in China in 1972. The male sterility was controlled by a single dominant gene that was referred to as Ms2. Recently, this gene was found to be linked to a dwarfing gene through crossing Taigu with the short wheat T. aestivum 'Ai-Bian 1' carrying the dwarfing gene Rht-D1c. The objective of this study was to develop molecular markers linked to the male sterility Ms2 gene in common wheat. One hundred and twenty-two near-isogenic lines were developed through backcrossing and sib intercrossing and used as the mapping population for the development of molecular markers. Bulked segregant analysis was used to screen 48 pairs of SSR primers, and a marker, MS2-WMC617, was identified closely linked to the male sterile Ms2 gene that mapped at the distal position of chromosome arm 4DS. The use of the molecular marker MS2-WMC617 can facilitate recurrent selection in a wheat breeding program based on marker-assisted selection.
A Confidence Measure for Model Fitting with X-Ray Crystallography Data (2013)

Structure determination from X-ray crystallography requires numerous stages of iterative refinement between real and reciprocal space. Current methods that fit a model structure to X-ray data therefore utilize a refined experimental electron density map along with a scoring function that characterizes the fit of the density map to structure. Additional information (e.g., from an energy function or conformational statistics) may supplement this score. In this paper, we derive a novel confidence measure for fitting model fragments into X-ray crystallography data. Given any set of conformations under consideration (e.g., a set of sidechain rotamers, or backbone fragments), and a scoring function for those conformations (e.g., least squares fit of the associated model density maps), we give a general-purpose method for assessing the confidence of the best-fit model. For the commonly used least-squares measure of fit, our method analyzes the statistics of the matching scores and estimates the probability that the best-fit conformation is the correct underlying model. To our knowledge, ours is the first method for computing such a confidence measure.