gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Model Predictive Control Strategy for Islands Multimicrogrids Based on Noncooperative Game (2020)

The multimicrogrids (MMGs) system of the island group is geographically dispersed with different ownership. In this article, a control strategy based on distributed model predictive control is proposed to optimize the economic scheduling of MMGs on an island group. The strategy is designed based on the dynamic noncooperative game theory to regulate the trading behavior among microgrids (MGs) belonging to different owners. The mechanism maximizes the economic benefits of the MGs under the premise of ensuring the closed-loop stability of the single MG system. Only a minimum amount of communication information exchange is needed, which avoids the demands of the central controller and can help the MG to protect its privacy of operating information. The proposed strategy can maximize the benefits of power trading and significantly reduce the operating cost of the system while ensuring the balance between supply and demand. Simulation results are presented to prove the fairness and validity of the proposed control strategy.
Binder‐free preparation of bimetallic oxide vertical nanosheet arrays toward high‐rate performance and energy density supercapacitors (2021)

Fabrication of binder-free electrode materials with vertical nanoarchitecture is the prominent approach to achieve exalted energy storage performance. Herein, we synthesized NiCo2O4 (NCO) zigzag-patterned vertical nanosheet arrays (ZNSAs) directly over the nickel foam substrate by adopting a facile one-step solvothermal method, which is followed by a calcining process. The effect of ethanol and water solvents on the development of ZNSAs was studied by varying their volume concentration. Among the samples, the NCO ZNSA electrode prepared with an equal volume proportion of ethanol and water solvents revealed the highest electrochemical performance with the areal capacity of 146.1 μAh/cm2 at 4 mA/cm2 due to the well-developed NSAs with hierarchical and open-porous texture. Moreover, the NCO ZNSA electrode exhibited remarkable stability (97.6% retention) after the cycling process of 4000 cycles. A hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device was also constructed with NCO ZNSAs and activated carbon as the cathode and anode, respectively. At 2 mA/cm2, the HSC showed a notable areal capacitance of 173.5 mF/cm2. Furthermore, the HSC exhibited a maximum energy density of 52.7 μWh/cm2 and power density of 10500 μW/cm2. With the energy storage capabilities, the HSC demonstrated its practical applicability by glowing light-emitting diodes and powering up a motor fan.
Keeping track of 70,000+ servers: the akamai query system (2010)

The Akamai platformis a network of over 73,000 servers supporting numerous web infrastructure services including the distribution of static and dynamic HTTP content, delivery of live and on-demand streaming media, high-availability storage, accelerated web applications, and intelligent routing. The maintenance of such a network requires significant monitoring infrastructure to enable detailed understanding of its state at all times. For that purpose, Akamai has developed and uses Query, a distributed monitoring system in which all Akamai machines participate. Query collects data at the edges of the Internet and aggregates it at several hundred places to be used to answer SQL queries about the state of the Akamai network. We explain the design of Query, outline some of its critical features, discuss who some of its users are and what Query allows them to do, and explain how Query scales to meet demand as the Akamai network grows.
Angle‐multiplexed optical printing of biomimetic hierarchical 3D textures (2017)

Abstract Multi scale hierarchical structures underpin mechanical, optical, and wettability behavior in nature. Here we present a novel approach which can be used to mimic the natural hierarchical patterns in a quick and easy maskless fabrication. By using two‐beam interference lithography with angle‐multiplexed exposures and scanning, we have successfully printed large‐area complex structures having a cascading resolution and 3D surface profiles. By precisely controlling the exposure dose we have demonstrated a capability to create different 3D textured surfaces having comparable aspect ratio with period spanning from 4 μm to 300 nm (more than one order of magnitude) and the height spanning from 0.9 μm to 40 nm, respectively. Up to three levels of biomimetic hierarchical structures were obtained that show several natural phenomena: superhydrophobicity, iridescence, directionality of reflectivity, and polarization at different colors. image
Exchange of Methyl‐ and Azobenzene‐Terminated Alkanethiols on Polycrystalline Gold Studied by Tip‐Enhanced Raman Mapping (2014)

Mixed thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) presenting methyl and azobenzene head groups were prepared by chemical substitution from the original single-component n-decanethiol or [4-(phenylazo)phenoxy]hexane-1-thiol SAMs on polycrystalline gold substrates. Static contact-angle measurements were carried out to confirm a change in the hydrophobicity of the functionalized surfaces following the exchange reaction. The mixed SAMs presented contact-angle values between those of the more hydrophobic n-decanethiol and the more hydrophilic [4-(phenylazo)phenoxy]hexane-1-thiol single-component SAMs. By means of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) mapping experiments, it was possible to highlight that molecular replacement takes place easily and first at grain boundaries: for two different mixed SAM compositions, TERS point-by-point maps with <50 nm step sizes showed different spectral signatures in correspondence to the grain boundaries. An example of the substitution extending beyond grain boundaries and affecting flat areas of the gold surface is also shown.
A multiple frame integration and mathematical morphology based technique for video text extraction (2010)

Text superimposed on the video frames provides supplement but important information about video content. Recognizing artificial text embedded in video frames is very important and meaning for video indexing and retrieval. In this paper, an efficient approach of text extraction based on temporal information and mathematical morphology is presented. In the first phase the blurred text is filtered, and then these clear text blocks are integrated in order to enhance the text. In the second phase, the edge map is got by using mathematical morphological edge detection. Lastly the missed text pixels in former phases are recalled using empirical rules. Experimental results show that our approach can effectively segment text from background and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other related works.
Deploying information centric networking in LTE mobile networks (2016)

Mobile networks using 2G, 3G, or Long Term Evolution (LTE) are complex, and managing mobility and seamless handover are the key characteristics which result in protocol heavy and very complex architecture. For delivery of multimedia contents to user devices, IP unicast streams are used from server to clients where each user gets separate stream. From bandwidth and routing perspective it is highly inefficient. Multicast and broadcast technologies have emerged recently but their deployments are very limited or experimental due to complex architecture and radio spectrum issues. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a rapidly evolving technology for efficient multimedia contents delivery to end devices however majority of the research is focused on fixed network. This paper focuses using ICN in mobile networks for efficient content delivery to mobile devices. This paper discusses about different strategies and options for deploying ICN. This paper also discusses about ICN characteristics for mobile networks including protocols and technology gaps.
Abnormal cell proliferation and p52/p35-CSK expression in the colons of aging rats (1995)

In rodents and in humans, aging is associated with increased gastrointestinal epithelial cell proliferation and an expanded crypt proliferative compartment similar to that seen in the preneoplastic bowel. We have compared the distribution of a series of cytoskeletal antigens that are modified when colonic cancer cells differentiate in vitro in the colon of young (4-7 month) and aging (22-26 month) Fischer 344 rats. Two such proteins, p52 and p35, (that are increased in cultured senescent cells) differ in their position in the crypt axis and subcellular localization between young and aging rats. In young rats, immunoreactive p52 protein is present solely near the colonic crypt surface epithelium but in aging rats p52 expressing cells are found deeper in crypts. The intracellular localization of p35 also differs markedly in young and aging animals. The distribution of these proteins appears to be a reproducible biomarker of aging. Antigenic changes similar to those observed in aging colons also are seen in crypt cells of patients with ulcerative colitis and in the flat colonic mucosa of patients with adenomatous polyps and colon cancer. The combination of proliferative and differentiation changes suggest that the flat mucosa of the colon of aging rats has preneoplastic features.
Life cycle management of railway bridges - defect management (2012)

A large number of Australian rail bridges were constructed over 80 years ago and the rail industry is suffering from their ever increasing maintenance costs and continued budget constraints. Making informed decisions for condition assessment, cost effective inspection, maintenance including repairs, upgrades and replacements with inadequate and sometimes inaccurate data and limited resource is a major challenge. Moreover, this limited access to actual data causes a great level of uncertainty in the management of railway bridges. In addition, bridge managers are expected to maintain these assets at specified performance levels with ongoing budget cuts and resource constraints. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for bulk material transport leading to increasing axle loads to cope up with capacity constraints. Because of these reasons it is currently taking staff a longer time to plan and prepare maintenance budgets, analyse, interpret and take decisions for bridge life management. Most of the available bridge management systems are generic and analyse faults at the system level. In many cases, a detailed analysis at the level of individual components is needed to have a better understanding of potential root causes and focussed decision on bridge life extension. Consequently, a research project is being conducted on this issue and this paper proposes a practical bridge life management decision model using degradations, defect initiation and growth, maintenance options and relevant costs. The objective is to provide a practical, cost effective and user-friendly way to make maintenance decisions. The outcome of this research is a faster, more accurate system for informed decision making capability for cost effective life cycle management of railway bridges.
Effect of emitter disorder on the recombination zone and the quantum yield of organic electroluminescent diodes (2001)

The electroluminescence (EL) quantum yield (QY) of double- and triple-layer organic electroluminescent diodes based on a N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl4,4′-diamine /tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum III (Alq3) junction has been measured as a function of the electric field and the emitting guest (6,13-diphenylpentacene) concentration in the host Alq3. The well-resolved maxima of the QY plots versus applied field for neat and low dopant concentration emitter layers (EMLs) shift strongly toward high fields and disappear at high dopant concentrations. Based on the EL QY data and the measured absolute photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the emitter, the recombination zone width is determined and shown to be a decreasing function of electric field for all of the diodes. The dopant reduces the width of the recombination zone at low dopant concentrations and increases at high dopant concentrations (&amp;gt;0.5 mol %). The results are discussed in terms of a two-step recombination mechanism, assuming disorder-controlled charge carrier mobilities. The dopant concentration effect on the recombination zone width and EL QY can be explained using the disorder formalism that predicts low dopant concentrations create a high degree of positional (off-diagonal) disorder whereas energetic (diagonal) disorder dominates at higher doping levels in the EMLs. The latter makes the recombination zone width as well as EL QY practically field independent.
Analgesic effects of low-dose ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block for outpatient shoulder surgery—A dose-finding study (2001)

Interscalene brachial plexus block with low-dose ropivacaine, 10 mL of 0.25% and 0.5%, provides effective long-lasting shoulder analgesia in a majority of patients after arthroscopic surgery.
Towards 5G: A Photonic Based Millimeter Wave Signal Generation for Applying in 5G Access Fronthaul (2016)

5G communications require a multi Gb/s data transmission in its small cells. For this purpose millimeter wave (mm-wave) RF signals are the best solutions to be utilized for high speed data transmission. Generation of these high frequency RF signals is challenging in electrical domain therefore photonic generation of these signals is more studied. In this work, a photonic based simple and robust method for generating millimeter waves applicable in 5G access fronthaul is presented. Besides generating of the mm-wave signal in the 60 GHz frequency band the radio over fiber (RoF) system for transmission of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 5 GHz bandwidth is presented. For the purpose of wireless transmission for 5G application the required antenna is designed and developed. The total system performance in one small cell was studied and the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the system was evaluated.
Model studies of electrical leak detection surveys in geomembrane-lined impoundments (1988)

Abstract Pole-dipole array electrical potential distributions are calculated for a geomembrane-lined liquid impoundment having single or multiple leaks. A three-dimensional numerical model is employed to represent a small circular leak in the highly resistive plastic liner. The liquid waste material, the liner, and the soil under the impoundment are simulated by infinite horizontal layers, with approximate corrections for the finite size of the impoundment. Parametric curves for a single leak show that with optimum selection of electrode spacing and positioning and other field survey parameters, leaks can be detected effectively. To identify and resolve the presence of a cluster of leaks, the potential measurements must be made close to the liner and the detector dipole spacing must be smaller than the separation of the leaks. The results also indicate that the survey speed may be increased when portable leak detection equipment employing a vertical dipole detector is used.
GaN-Based Integrated Lateral Thermoelectric Device for Micro-Power Generation (2009)

Lateral thermoelectric devices were fabricated using c-plane GaN thin films grown on sapphire by MOCVD. The device design is appropriate for on-chip integration for power generation in the 1 V and tens of µA range. The fabricated devices were measured to have a maximum open circuit voltage of 0.3 V with a maximum output power of 2.1 µW (=0.15 V×14 µA) at a relatively small temperature difference (ΔT) of 30 K and an average temperature (Tavg) of 508 K. In addition, the suitability of GaN for high temperature thermoelectric applications was confirmed by measurements at 825 K.
Several gene programs are induced in ciprofloxacin-treated human lymphocytes as revealed by microarray analysis (2003)

Fluoroquinolones have immunomodulatory properties and interfere with cytokine production. The aim of this study was to characterize the extent of the superinduced mRNA levels in activated human lymphocytes incubated with ciprofloxacin (5 and 80 micro g/ml) using a cytokine gene expression microarray from R and D Systems (Abingdon, UK). Several gene transcripts (n=104) were up-regulated in cells treated with ciprofloxacin at 80 micro g/ml, whereas 98 transcripts were down-regulated out of 847 total genes included on the microarray. The increased mRNAs were distributed between major gene programs, including interleukins (36.5%), signal-transduction molecules (13.5%), adhesion molecules (10.6%), tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-beta superfamilies (10.6%), cell-cycle regulators (9.6%), and apoptosis-related molecules (8.7%). To determine the specificity of the microarray, a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which contained a panel of 12 different cytokine mRNAs, was used. Eleven out of the 12 gene transcripts were up-regulated in the specific RT-PCR, whereas only eight were found to be increased in the microarray. A microarray from Clontech (Hampshire, UK), containing 588 different genes, was also included. Results obtained with this broad-coverage expression array slightly differed compared with the other microarray. We conclude that the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin at high concentrations interferes with several gene programs, which is in accordance with a mammalian stress response. From a technical point of view, a discrepancy may exist between data obtained by different microarrays and more specific methods such as quantitative RT-PCR.
Rocking ratchet induced by pure magnetic potentials with broken reflection symmetry (2009)

A ratchet effect (the rectification of an ac injected current) which is purely magnetic in origin has been observed in a superconducting-magnetic nanostructure hybrid. The hybrid consists of a superconducting Nb film in contact with an array of nanoscale magnetic triangles, circular rings or elliptical rings. The arrays were placed into well-defined remanent magnetic states by application of different magnetic field cycles. The stray fields from these remanent states provide a magnetic landscape which influences the motion of superconducting vortices. We examined both randomly varying landscapes from demagnetized samples, and ordered landscapes from samples at remanence after saturation in which the magnetic rings form parallel onion states containing two domain walls. The ratchet effect is absent if the rings are in the demagnetized state or if the vortices propagate parallel to the magnetic reflection symmetry axis (perpendicular to the magnetic domain walls) in the ordered onion state. On the other hand, when the vortices move perpendicular to the magnetic reflection symmetry axis in the ordered onion state (parallel to the domain walls) a clear ratchet effect is observed. This behavior differs qualitatively from that observed in samples containing arrays of triangular Ni nanostructures, which show a ratchet of structural origin.
Higher order spectra of weak lensing convergence maps in parametrized theories of modified gravity (2020)

ABSTRACT We compute the low-ℓ limit of the family of higher order spectra for projected (2D) weak lensing convergence maps. In this limit these spectra are computed to an arbitrary order using tree-level perturbative calculations. We use the flat-sky approximation and Eulerian perturbative results based on a generating function approach. We test these results for the lower order members of this family, i.e. the skew- and kurt-spectra against state-of-the-art simulated all-sky weak lensing convergence maps and find our results to be in very good agreement. We also show how these spectra can be computed in the presence of a realistic sky-mask and Gaussian noise. We generalize these results to 3D and compute the equal-time higher order spectra. These results will be valuable in analysing higher order statistics from future all-sky weak lensing surveys such as the Euclid survey at low-ℓ modes. As illustrative examples, we compute these statistics in the context of the Horndeski and beyond Horndeski theories of modified gravity. They will be especially useful in constraining theories such as the Gleyzes–Langlois–Piazza–Vernizzi (GLPV) theories and degenerate higher order scalar-tensor theories as well as the commonly used normal-branch of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati model, clustering quintessence models and scenarios with massive neutrinos.
A taxonomy of proof systems (part 2) (1994)

article Free Access Share on A taxonomy of proof systems (part 2) Author: Oded Goldreich Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGACT NewsVolume 25Issue 1March 1994 pp 22–30https://doi.org/10.1145/181773.181775Online:01 March 1994Publication History 0citation130DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads130Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Chemical Agents and the Immune Response (1993)

Our desire to understand the potential adverse human health effects of environmental chemical exposure has coincided with an increased understanding of the immune system and an appreciation of its complex regulatory network. This has spawned a broad interest in the area of immunotoxicology within the scientific community as well as certain concerns in the public sector regarding chemical-induced hypersensitivity and immunosuppression. The incidence of alleged human sensitization to chemicals has increased, in part, due to the fact that chemical companies are moving to larger and/or different markets. It has been estimated that 35 million Americans suffer from allergic disease, of which 2-5% are from occupational exposure. Although there is not yet a clear understanding of dose-response relationships or disease predisposition, there are many well-defined examples (isocyanates, anhydrides) of chemical sensitizers in humans and experimental animals. Evidence that chemicals suppress immune responses in humans is considerably less well established, although there is a public perception that chemicals generally cause immunosuppression. This perception has been fueled by highly publicized legal cases and scientific controversies within the academic and industrial communities. As a consequence of these public and scientific concerns, many of the regulatory agencies are developing immunotoxicity testing guidelines. At the present, however, there are limitations on adequate human methodology and data that allow the extrapolation of animal data to assess human risk. The potential for human immunosuppression remains of concern, however, because of a large database generated from animal studies that demonstrates immunosuppression as well as reports of immunosuppression in humans inadvertently (e.g., halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons) or occupationally (asbestos, benzene) exposed to xenobiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)