gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Web of Intrigue (2016)

I was recently asked to give a lecture titled ‘Science and Dentistry’, which as you can imagine is not a small topic. One of the first things I did for preparation was try to find out just how much information is available in terms of scientific literature and dentistry. Of course by typing in ‘science and dentistry’ into Google I received notification of some 70 million results. Clearly it is not possible to go through this so the next step was to try to find out how many journals might be devoted to dentistry. This search resulted in discovering there are some 205 dental journals currently available. From this result it would seem we are well served by journals reporting dental scientific and clinical research. But are this many journals really necessary? I know we live in the information age but to me this seems ridiculous that there are so many journals dedicated to one small aspect of the human body. As an academic I am confident that I know which are the high quality journals and which are of poor or substandard quality. To help find the quality journals we use search engines such as the Web of Science® (webofknowledge.com) to lead us to those journals of the highest quality and impact in specific fields. In the case of dentistry there are 88 journals listed in the Web of Science database. They are in this list because of the quality of the research published, the research has undergone independent peer review to determine suitability for publication and the number of times papers in these journals are cited in the literature. It is heartening to know that the Australian Dental Journal is ranked at number 53 on this list, making it amongst the best dental journals in the world. Whether we need all 205 dental journals (and I suspect it is really much more than this) is debatable. I am sure the publishers of all of these publications are doing their best to disseminate knowledge but can we, the readers, keep up with this overload? For me if I want a good light read I might look at anything that is available but if it is really useful and accurate information I need for me and my patients then I'm afraid it's the Web of Science for me.
Digital Data Storage on DNA (2016)

Digital data has changed the use and access of information. Everyday lot of data is produced and this requires highdensity storage devices which can retain values for a long time Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be potentially used for these purposes as it is not much different from the conventional method used in a computer. DNA can be used as a robust and high-density storage device even under unfavourable conditions Theoretically, one can encode 2 bits per nucleotide in DNA which can store 455 exabytes per gram maximum data in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) In this paper, the method described can be used to store text data in DNA by compressing, storing multiple copies along with providing security to data.
Detection of atomic hydrogen in the young planetary nebula IC 4997 (1986)

The detection of 21 cm neutral atomic hydrogen in absorption toward the young planetary nebula IC 4997 (PK 58 - 10.1) at the velocity of the approaching edge of the nebular shell is reported. The optical depth of the line is 0.13 + or - 0.02, and the gas is well distinguished from any Galactic H I. The paper derives a nominal mass in neutral hydrogen of 0.001 solar masses and comparable amounts of neutral hydrogen and ionized gas in the nebula.
Frequency-offset synchronization and channel estimation for OFDM-based transmission (2000)

This letter is concerned with a frequency offset estimation technique for OFDM based transmission systems. The frequency estimation technique utilizes a repetitive signal structure inside of a OFDM symbol which is used to enlarge the range and increase the accuracy of offset estimation. Also, an averaged decision-directed channel estimation (ADDCE) technique suitable for burst data is proposed.
A new rubidium beryllium borate, RbBe4(BO3)3 (2006)

Single crystals of a new rubdidium beryllium borate, RbBe4(BO3)3, have been obtained by spontaneous nucleation from a high-temperature melt. This new ortho­rhom­bic (Pnma) structure type contains [Be2BO4]− rings, made of two BeO4 tetra­hedra and one BO3 triangle, which constitute the basic structural units. The m plane runs through the B and one of the O atoms and intersects the ring. These rings form chains in the a direction, which are connected in the b and c directions to form zeolite-type cages in which the Rb+ cations are located, at sites of m symmetry.
Hybrid Data Layouts for Tiered HTAP Databases with Pareto-Optimal Data Placements (2018)

Recent developments in database research introduced HTAP systems that are capable of handling both transactional and analytical workloads. These systems achieve their performance by storing the full data set in main memory. An open research question is how far one can reduce the main memory footprint without losing the performance superiority of main memory-resident databases. In this paper, we present a hybrid main memory-optimized database for mixed workloads that evicts cold data to less expensive storage tiers. It adapts the storage layout to mitigate the negative performance impact of secondary storage. A key challenge is to determine which data to place on which storage tier. We introduce a novel workload-driven model that determines Pareto-optimal allocations while also considering reallocation costs. We evaluate our concept for a production enterprise system as well as reproducible data sets.
Optical propagation modelling using Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) (2014)

Optical propagation characterization has been studied using the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) and RTE has been established as an accurate method for calculating optical attenuation of light propagating through inhomogeneous media. The RTE accounts for both the absorption and multiple scattering effects of light propagating through the atmosphere. The RTEs can be solved using numerical methods and are thus mathematically less challenging than the Maxwell equations which need analytical solutions. In this paper, the solution of RTE particularly through the realistic inhomogeneous cloud layers has been specifically addressed. The Monte Carlo approach has been applied to simulate photon trajectories propagating through the cloud layers from the optical transmitter to the receiver end. The wavelength dependence of optical attenuation through clouds has been studied in depth. The radiative transfer theory can be applied to explain the intensity fluctuations through the multiple scattering media. Results are being provided for the extinction (scattering and absorption) of photons through their interaction with water droplets in the cloud layers at laser wavelengths of 2 μm and 10 μm. The results on these specific wavelengths shall help the choice of lasers for optical links through the clouds.
Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis in Sheep (1975)

CEREBROSPINAL nematodiasis has not been reported as a significant disease of sheep .A considerable body of information has accumulated on the disease in deer and other wildlife cervids .Parelaphostrongylus tenuis ( men- ingeal worm ) -previously called Elaphostrongylus ten- uis , Pneumostrongylus tenuis , Neurofilaria cornellensis , and Odocoileostrongylus tenuis-is a common parasite of the central nervous system of the whitetailed deer , Odocoileus virginianus .2-4,8 This parasite aberrantly infects sheep and goats in geographic regions with large deer populations and has been reported in the northeastern United States. 10,11The disease is nonclinical in deer but often serious in sheep.5.6The following is a report of cases from 3 farms in West Virginia . Clinical ObservationsFive sheep from 3 farms in 2 counties of West Virginia with large deer populations provided the case material for this report .Morbidity in the flocks was 11 % (11 of 100 ) , 2 % ( 1 of 50 ) , and 13.3 % (3 of 40 ) .All cases were initially observed in October and November .Among the 5 sheep selected for necropsy , age ranged from 3 months to 1 year .All 5 were bright , alert ,
Amebiasis and comparison of microscopy to ELISA technique in detection of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. (2004)

The analysis of records of amoebal infection in various hospitals in Kilimanjaro indicated frequent occurrence of amebiasis. The population over the age of five years had higher rate of amoebal infection compared to less than that of a five-year-old population; however, both age groups had similar patterns of amebiasis during January 1999 to June 2001. To investigate misdiagnosis of amebiasis, 226 patients (passive cases) in three hospitals and 616 individuals (active cases) from three different localities in Kilimanjaro were examined. In passive cases, the prevalences of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar were 1% and 7.3%, respectively. Among active cases, 1% were infected with E. histolytica, and 15% were infected with E. dispar. There were no significant differences in amoebal infection between the male and female populations. A pool of 842 stool samples was used for diagnosis of E. histolytica and E. dispar by microscopic examination or ELISA kits. The microscopic examination indicated 8.7% amoebal infection; however, using ELISA as the gold standard, the prevalence of histolytica/dispar was 0.8% and 7.4%, respectively. This study indicated that E. dispar infection was 14.5 times more prevalent than E. histolytica infection.
Infusion of epinephrine decreases serum levels of cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2002)

Serum cortisol and 17OHP (cortisol precursor) were lower in patients with RA compared to controls despite similar ACTH levels. Simulation of an adrenomedullary stress response by epinephrine infusion decreased serum cortisol and 17OHP in patients but not in controls. Such a response may play an unfavorable role during a typical stress reaction in patients with RA that may lead to a more proinflammatory situation.
Surface-Enhanced Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy at 1 MHz Repetition Rates (2016)

Surface-enhanced femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SE-FSRS) is an ultrafast Raman technique that combines the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering with the temporal resolution of femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). Here, we present the first successful implementation of SE-FSRS using a 1 MHz amplified femtosecond laser system. We compare SE-FSRS and FSRS spectra measured at 1 MHz and 100 kHz using both equal pump average powers and equal pump energies to demonstrate that higher repetition rates allow spectra with higher signal-to-noise ratios to be obtained at lower pulse energies, a significant advance in the implementation of SE-FSRS. The ability to use lower pulse energies significantly mitigates sample damage that results from plasmonic enhancement of high-energy ultrafast pulses. As a result of the improvements to SE-FSRS developed in this Letter, we believe that SE-FSRS is now poised to become a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of plasmonic materials and adsorbates thereon.
Determination of Citrate Using Immobilized Citrate Lyase and Malate Dehydrogenase in a Flow System and Its Application to Analyze Citrate Content of Beverages (2009)

The quantity of citrate was determined using apparatus comprised of a reactor with immobilized citrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase in the flow line. The decrease of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form by enzymatic reactions was spectrophotometrically detected as a negative peak. The maximum peak area was obtained at pH 7.6 when the pH of the carrier consisting of phosphate buffer ranged from 6.6 to 8.0. Various buffer types were also examined as carrier media at pH 7.6 and phosphate buffer showed the maximum peak area. When the carrier composed of phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 7.6) was used, the calibration curve for citrate was linear in the range 0.5-100 μM (r=1.000). The detection limit (S/N=3) was 0.2 μM. The relative standard deviation of the peak area at 10 μM was 2.2% (n=7). This method was applied to analyze citrate in beverages, and citrate content determined by this method agreed with that determined by a commercially available test kit.
Protectin DX increases survival in a mouse model of sepsis by ameliorating inflammation and modulating macrophage phenotype (2017)

Recently, a serial of studies have demonstrated that lipid mediators derived from Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid have pro-resolving or anti-inflammatory effects in many inflammatory diseases. Here, we sought to evaluate whether Protectin DX (PDX, an isomer of Protecin D1), a newly identified lipid mediator, could protect mice against sepsis and explore the underling mechanism. Animal model of sepsis was established by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that PDX increased overall survival rate within eight days and attenuated multiple organ injury in septic mice. In addition, PDX reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial load 24 h after CLP. Moreover, PDX promoted phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and increased the percentage of M2 macrophages in peritoneum of septic mice. In vitro, M2 macrophage markers (Arg1 and Ym1) and its transcriptional regulator (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, PPAR-γ) were upregulated in Raw264.7 macrophages challenged with PDX. GW9662 (a PPAR-γ inhibitor) and PPAR-γ siRNA abrogated the induction of Arg1 and Ym1 by PDX in Raw264.7 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that PDX is able to promote M2 polarization, enhance phagocytosis activity of macrophage and accelerate resolution of inflammation, finally leading to increased survival rate of septic mice.
Transient interference with staphylococcal quorum sensing blocks abscess formation (2005)

The staphylococcal virulon is controlled largely by the agr locus, a global accessory gene regulator that is autoinduced by a self-coded peptide (AIP) and is therefore a quorum sensor. The agr locus has diverged within and between species, giving rise to AIP variants that inhibit heterologous agr activation, an effect with therapeutic potential against Staphylococcus aureus: a single dose of an inhibitory AIP blocks the formation of an experimental murine abscess. As the AIP is unstable at physiological pH, owing to its essential thiolactone bond, its single-dose efficacy seems paradoxical, which has led us to analyze the in vivo kinetics of agr activation and the consequences of its blockage by a heterologous AIP. Initially, the infecting bacteria grow rapidly, achieving sufficient population density within the first 3 h to activate agr, and then enter a neutrophil-induced metabolic eclipse lasting for 2-3 d, followed by agr reactivation concomitantly with the development of the abscess. The inhibitory AIP prevents agr expression only during its short in vivo lifetime, suggesting that the agr-induced and therefore quorum-dependent synthesis of virulence factors shortly after infection is necessary for the subsequent development of the abscess lesion and bacterial survival. We confirm this finding by showing that a sterile agr+ supernatant causes a sterile abscess similar to the septic abscess caused by live bacteria. These results may provide a biological rationale for regulation of virulence factor expression by quorum sensing rather than by response to specific host signals.
An Experimental Study of Aging Influence on Query Cost Estimation (2014)

Many update queries on a database can eventually degrade the structural efficiency of the database and result in lower performance. This phenomenon is called aging. On aged databases, conventional cost-based query optimizers could choose non-optimal query execution plan because they are not aging-aware and could not accurately estimate query execution cost.
Transplantation of chronic wounds with epidermal sheets derived from autologous hair follicles—the Leipzig experience (2009)

Autologous keratinocyte transplantation with EpiDex can be performed easily and safely in patients with chronic wounds with satisfying results. Our data suggest that patients with small ulcer area < 25 cm2 might profit the most from this method.
Area aggregation of network systems (1981)

A physically motivated reduction of "network" systems which are encountered in power systems, economics and circuits, etc., is considered. The technique is to aggregate the states in an area of the system into the center of inertia variable. Aggregability conditions are examined in terms of the structure and dynamics of the systems. The resulting aggregate model also has the network system structure. Near-aggregability and time-scales separations are investigated when the aggregability conditions are only approximately satisfied.
Regional measurements of [14C]misonidazole distribution and blood flow in subcutaneous RT-9 experimental tumors. (1985)

Regional [14C]misonidazole-derived radioactivity (MISO*) was measured by quantitative autoradiography in s.c. RT-9 experimental tumors 0.5, 2, and 4 h after an i.v. bolus (25 mg) and constant infusion (10 mg/h) in rats. Misonidazole (MISO) concentration in plasma, tumor, and other tissues was also measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The distribution of MISO* in the tumors always resulted in a characteristic pattern with high peripheral and low central values. The high-activity regions in the tumor rim achieved tissue: plasma MISO* activity ratios of 0.97 and 2.2 by 0.5 and 4 h, respectively; for central tumor regions, this ratio was 0.20 and 0.32 for the same periods, respectively. The limited distribution of MISO* to central tumor regions could be correlated to low values of blood flow (measured with [131I]iodoantipyrine) and to diffusion from peripheral tumor regions. Low blood flow in the central regions of these tumors will significantly limit the distribution of MISO and other drugs to viable-appearing cells in these areas and could account in part for the failures of chemotherapy in certain solid tumors. Pharmacokinetic modeling indicates that 1 to 9 h may be necessary for MISO concentrations in some tumor regions to reach 50% of that in plasma.
A nanomembrane-based bandgap-tunable Ge microdisk for Si-compatible optoelectronics (2015)

We present a new, CMOS-compatible platform for inducing a large, spatially homogeneous biaxial strain in Ge microdisks. This platform can deliver substantial performance improvements to biaxially strained Ge lasers for silicon-compatible optical interconnects.
A DICOM Architecture for Clinicians and Researchers (2012)

Over the last years there has been a strong trend of publishing health data in anonymized format in order to make it available for research. This is also true for medical imaging where the DICOM standard is the predominant data format and network protocol. This paper proposes an extension to any DICOM networking infrastructure that permits sharing of medical images in an anonymized way. Standard DICOM software is utilized on client and server side. While offering researchers access to all images in anonymous format, the architecture enables authorized clinicians to access the same images including their original patient information (name, institution, etc.). Identifying parts and anonymous parts of the image data are stored to geologically different databases. Together with sophisticated network protocols, patient privacy is fully preserved.
Mitogenesis, cell migration, and loss of focal adhesions induced by tenascin-C interacting with its cell surface receptor, annexin II. (1996)

In a previous study we demonstrated that the alternatively spliced region of tenascin-C, TNfnA-D, bound with high affinity to a cell surface receptor, annexin II. In the present study we demonstrate three changes in cellular activity that are produced by adding intact tenascin-C or TNfnA-D to cells, and we show that all three activities are blocked by antibodies against annexin II. 1) TNfnA-D added to confluent endothelial cells induced loss of focal adhesions. 2) TNfnA-D produced a mitogenic response of confluent, growth-arrested endothelial cells in 1% serum. TNfnA-D stimulated mitogenesis only when it was added to cells before or during exposure to other mitogens, such as basic fibroblast growth factor or serum. Thus the effect of TNfnA-D seems to be to facilitate the subsequent response to growth factors. 3) TNfnA-D enhanced cell migration in a cell culture wound assay. Antibodies to annexin II blocked all three cellular responses to TNfnA-D. These data show that annexin II receptors on endothelial cells mediate several cell regulatory functions attributed to tenascin-C, potentially through modulation of intracellular signalling pathways.
Pyruvate production using engineered Escherichia coli (2016)

Pyruvate plays an essential role in the central carbon metabolism of multiple organisms and is used as a raw material in the chemical, biochemical and pharmaceutical industries. To meet demand, large amounts of pyruvate are produced through fermentation processes. Here we describe a simple and efficient method for producing pyruvate in Escherichia coli. To stop carbon flux from pyruvate to fatty acids, the accBC genes, which encode the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of fatty acid biosynthesis and is essential for vegetative growth, were manipulated within the genome; its native promoter was replaced with the tetracycline (or doxycycline)-regulated promoter and the corresponding transcriptional regulator genes. The resulting strain grew normally in the presence of doxycycline, but showed poor growth upon withdrawal of doxycycline. Using this strain, we developed a high pyruvate producing strain (strain LAFCPCPt-accBC-aceE), in which the tetracycline-regulated promoter was also introduced upstream of aceE, and the ackA-pta, adhE, cra, ldhA, pflB and poxB genes were deleted. After determining the optimal culture conditions for this strain, the final pyruvate concentration reached 26.1 g L<sup>-1</sup> after 72 h with a theoretical yield of 55.6 %. These levels are high enough to indicate that the developed strain has the potential for application to industrial production of pyruvate.
A network-layer proxy for bandwidth aggregation and reduction of IP packet reordering (2009)

With today's widespread deployment of wireless technologies, it is often the case that a single communication device can select from a variety of access networks. At the same time, there is an ongoing trend towards integration of multiple network interfaces into end-hosts, such as cell phones with HSDPA, Bluetooth and WLAN. By using multiple Internet connections concurrently, network applications can benefit from aggregated bandwidth and increased fault tolerance. However, the heterogeneity of wireless environments introduce challenges with respect to implementation, deployment, and protocol compatibility. Variable link characteristics cause reordering when sending IP packets of the same flow over multiple paths. This paper introduces a multilink proxy that is able to transparently stripe traffic destined for multihomed clients. Operating on the network layer, the proxy uses path monitoring statistics to adapt to changes in throughput and latency. Experimental results obtained from a proof-of-concept implementation verify that our approach is able to fully aggregate the throughput of heterogeneous downlink streams, even if the path characteristics change over time. In addition, our novel method of equalizing delays by buffering packets on the proxy significantly reduces IP packet reordering and the buffer requirements of clients.