gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction: Disruption of Protein Kinase A in Mice Enhances Healthy Aging (2010)

Mutations that cause a reduction in protein kinase A (PKA) activity have been shown to extend lifespan in yeast.Loss of function of mammalian RIIb, a regulatory subunit of PKA expressed in brain and adipose tissue, results in mice that are lean and insulin sensitive.It was therefore hypothesized that RIIB null (RIIb 2/2 ) mice would express anti-aging phenotypes.We conducted lifespan studies using 40 mutant and 40 wild type (WT) littermates of equal gender numbers and found that both the median and maximum lifespans were significantly increased in mutant males compared to WT littermates.The median lifespan was increased from 884 days to 1005 days (p = 0.006 as determined by the log rank test) and the 80% lifespan (defined here as 80% deaths) was increased from 941 days to 1073 days (p = 0.004 as determined by the Wang-Allison test).There was no difference in either median or 80% lifespan in female genotypes.WT mice of both genders became increasingly obese with age, while mutant mice maintained their lean phenotype into old age.Adiposity was found to correlate with lifespan for males only.50% of male mice between 30 and 35 g, corresponding to about 5% body fat, for either genotype lived over 1000 days.No male mouse outside of this weight range achieved this lifespan.During their last month of life, WT mice began losing weight (a total of 8% and 15% of body weight was lost for males and females, respectively), but RIIb 2/2 male mice maintained their lean body mass to end of life.This attenuation of decline was not seen in female mutant mice.Old male mutant mice were insulin sensitive throughout their life.Both genders showed modestly lower blood glucose levels in old mutants compared to WT.Male mutants were also resistant to age-induced fatty liver.Pathological assessment of tissues from end of life male mutant mice showed a decrease in tumor incidence, decreased severity of renal lesions, and a trend towards a decrease in age-related cardiac pathology.These findings help establish the highly conserved nature of PKA and suggest that disruption of PKA affects physiological mechanisms known to be associated with healthy aging.
An anemometer for very low velocities (1967)

Au anemometer using the principle of fluid amplification is described. This device has an output of approximately 0.7 inch differential water gauge per foot per second of measured air velocity and is linear over a velocity range of zero to approximately 10 feet per second. Empirical and analytical approaches to optimum design are described. Calibrations of a prototype instrument in both air and water are given.
Upper genital tract abnormalities in the Syrian hamster as a result of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. II. Scanning electron microscope analysis of endometrium cell surfaces (1986)

Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we show that an in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) will induce endometrial abnormalities postnatally. These changes are magnified when a subsequent postnatal DES treatment is given. More specifically, changes in cell surface morphology are associated with alterations in cell size and shape (from columnar to cuboid/squamous), and in microvilli and mucus secretion. Uteri from hamsters treated postnatally with DES and derived from normal (CD) or DES-treated mothers (DD) show that accumulated mucoid secretion products are not expelled in the uterine lumen but are "stored" in cystic dilated glandular spaces of the fibrocellular stroma of polyps and papillae filling the uterine lumen. Uteri from female hamsters that have been prenatally treated with DES (DC) show endometrial mucosal crypts containing mucus and other cell debris including migrating granulocytes. In all cases, DES-treated uteri show mucosal cell surface pleomorphism in the sequence DD greater than CD greater than DC Merocrine and/or cystic secretions were observed. Microvilli cover cell surfaces and include some rare and peculiar long microvillous growth. In contrast, DC hypoplastic uteri present no secretory activity. Structures similar to those described for CD uteri can be observed only after 250 days of age in DC uteri. This report confirms and complements previous observations, favoring the choice of the hamster as an animal mode for the study of endometrial carcinogenesis.
Deep network for image super-resolution with a dictionary learning layer (2017)

The aim of single image super-resolution (SR) is to generate a high-resolution (HR) image from a low-resolution (LR) observable image. In this paper, we address this task by integrating sparse coding and dictionary learning schemes into an end-to-end deep architecture. More specifically, we propose a new non-linear dictionary learning layer composed of a finite number of recurrent units to solve the sparse codes and also to yield the relevant gradients to update the dictionary. In addition, we present a new deep network architecture using the proposed non-linear layers, where two separate parallel dictionaries are adopted to represent the LR and HR images respectively. The whole network is optimized by back propagation, constraining not only reconstruction errors between the restored and the ground truth HR images but also between the sparse codes of the LR and HR image pairs. Various datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and it is shown to outperform many state-of-the-art single image super-resolution algorithms.
Tuberculosis and foreign-born populations in the United States: A mixed methods pilot study of media reporting and political identification (2020)

Preliminary data from this pilot suggest that political leaning may affect reporting on TB in US foreign-born populations. Right-leaning news organizations produced the most reports on TB, and the majority of these reports portrayed foreign-born persons negatively. In addition, the control group comprised of non-TB, non-foreign born reports on communicable diseases featured a higher percentage of left-leaning news outlets, suggesting that reporting on TB in foreign-born individuals may be of greater interest to right-leaning outlets. Further investigation both in the U.S. and globally is needed.
The Effects of Hemodilution with Polyethylene Glycol Bovine Hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) in a Conscious Porcine Model (1996)

The results indicate that PEG-Hb effectively supports life close to lethal levels of anemia.
Connexin channels and phospholipids: association and modulation (2009)

This study is the first to identify (endogenous) phospholipids that tightly associate with connexin channels. The finding that specific phospholipids are associated with different connexin isoforms suggests connexin-specific regulatory and/or structural interactions with lipid membranes. The results are interpreted in light of connexin channel function and cell biology, as informed by current knowledge of lipid-protein interactions and membrane biophysics. The intimate involvement of distinct phospholipids with different connexins contributes to channel structure and/or function, as well as plaque integrity, and to modulation of connexin channels by lipophilic agents.
Potential fluctuations of well-defined magnitude superimposed to a Gaussian distribution: Effect of annealing in semi-insulating GaAs (1985)

Complex conductivity measurements of unannealed and annealed semi-insulating GaAs crystals are reported. A model of fluctuations of well-defined magnitude superimposed to a Gaussian distribution accounts for the σac ∝ ω2 dependence observed above 106 Hz in some unannealed samples. The effect of annealing on the magnitude of long-range potential fluctuations and on the average carrier density is analyzed.
Non linear magneto-acoustic excitations in rare-earth multilayer structures (2002)

The results presented in this paper clearly show the efficiency of nonlinear driving of a planar structure by means of magnetostrictive multilayers near the spin reorientation transition point. The nonlinear effects can be used for low frequency driving of various micromechanical and micro-opto-electromechanical systems.
Medium-range Orders in Amorphous Alloys and Their Role on the Plasticity: A Molecular Dynamics Viewpoint Study (2010)

The local structural states of amorphous alloys have been depicted previously via short-range orders (SROs). However, the concept of SROs alone is inadequate and sometimes insufficient to explain the structure-property relation of the amorphous alloys. In this study, we propose new types of medium-range building structures that affect the mechanical properties, plasticity in particular. Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and the Voronoi tessellation method, we demonstrate a three-dimensional configuration of icosahedral medium-range orders (I-MROs) and elucidate how these icosahedral orders evolve by the application of shear deformation. It was observed that the structural stability of the icosahedral orders relies largely on how they are linked via percolation and this linking is explained in detail.
Porphyrin entrapment and release behavior of microporous organic hollow spheres: fluorescent alerting systems for existence of organic solvents in water (2014)

This work reports on the controllable guest entrapment and release behavior of microporous organic hollow spheres (MOHs). Porphyrins which are soluble in both water and methanol were entrapped in the MOHs using methanol solution. The water-soluble porphyrins entrapped in MOHs were not extracted by water due to the hydrophobicity of microporous organic shells. In contrast, the porphyrins were released gradually into aqueous solution by adding water-soluble organic solvents. The release behavior depended on the kind of organic solvents used and on the alkyl chain length of the porphyrin compounds. These properties were applied for the fluorescent alert towards the existence of organic solvents in flowing aqueous media.
Variable Time-Delay Estimation for Anesthesia Control During Intensive Care (2010)

The presence of artifacts plays a crucial role in automatic sedation systems and may introduce variable time delays (TDs) in the closed-loop-control structures. This paper presents a successful procedure to estimate the varying TD of the bispectral index (BIS) monitor used in closed-loop control during intensive care. The TD estimation (TDE) is based on the cross-correlation analysis technique and the method is validated with real measured signals of propofol and BIS. Extended prediction self-adaptive control is used in combination with a Smith predictor to reduce the computational burden imposed by the variable TD. The conclusion is that an online TDE of the BIS monitor improves the performance of the closed-loop system for reference tracking, disturbance rejection, and overall stability.
Paper 127: Tunnel Widening Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Study in Sheep (2012)

A common clinical concern following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is expansion of the bone tunnels as seen radiographically. The etiology and clinical relevance of this phenomenon remain unclear.
Bio-oil from Sawdust: Effect of Operating Parameters on the Yield and Quality of Pyrolysis Products (2011)

This study investigated the effects of the pyrolysis temperature, feedstock particle size, and vapor residence time on the distribution and quality of liquid and char products from pyrolysis of sawdust in a fluidized-bed reactor. Sawdust and char samples were characterized with elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Liquid bio-oil sample characterization was performed by Karl Fischer titration, elemental analysis, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The bio-oil yield appeared to be maximized (≈62 wt %) at 500 °C, and the highest concentration of phenols was also produced at this temperature. Both the pyrolysis temperature and sawdust particle size had significant effects on the water content of the bio-oil with the water content being minimized at 500 °C. The yield of bio-oil showed a decreasing trend as the sawdust particle size was increased mainly because of the lower heating rate of larger sawdust particles. The effect of the residence time on the pyrolysis product distributions and their elemental compositions was negligible.
CONNECTED (2015)

August in a small Mediterranean village. Too hot to leave the shade of the vines and fig trees in the courtyard, the day goes by reading, chewing fruits, playing cards. Two hours after sunset, it's time to leave for the fields and listen to the crickets. A remote memory from childhood appears: somebody's grandfather is explaining a story, an old rural formula to judge the air's temperature from the frequency of the crickets' song. A sudden jolt of restlessness. Could that be true? Oh, never mind. We're lost, on holidays, in the middle of nowhere; sitting over subterranean water streams, among soft hills, under the stars. Only time comes along. Over three hours, according to the smartphone, which besides such information displays several apps to measure the air's temperature from the crickets' song. Apparently, the phone did not forget about that brief inquisitive moment a few hours ago. It's the first event of the day that happens fast.
Phase 1 study of E7046, an inhibitor of the PGE2 receptor EP-4, that targets immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (NCT02540291). (2016)

e14116 Background: Tumor-associated host myeloid cells can be either antitumor (eg, type 1 macrophages, mature antigen-presenting cells) or immunosuppressive pro-tumor (eg, type 2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells). The presence or accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in tumors is associated with a poorer prognosis.E7046 is a selective prostaglandin E2 receptor-type-4 small-molecule inhibitor, designed to inhibit the differentiation and function of monocytic myeloid lineage cells in the tumor microenvironment. E7046 has demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical syngeneic tumor models with myeloid infiltration (Mol Cancer Ther2015;14:B198). This is a first-in-human study of E7046 to determine safety/tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and/or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Methods: From Aug 2015–Mar 2017, about 30–40 pts will be enrolled. Accrual has started with currently 6 pts enrolled in the first cohort. Main eligibility criteria: pts ≥ 18 years old, advanced cancers (high myeloid infiltrated tumor types), and ECOG-PS of 0 or 1. Pts previously treated with CSF1R antagonists, and pts with autoimmune diseases requiring prior treatment with immunosuppressives will be excluded. Results: The study is a modified 3+3 dose escalation design (n = 24) with 125–750 mg (once-daily, oral) doses of E7046 given to maximum 4 cohorts of 6 pts each (21-day cycle). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) will be assessed in cycle 1 with MTD defined as 1 dose level below DLT rate of ≥ 2/6 pts. If MTD is not reached, RP2D will be selected based on integrated evaluation of safety, clinical benefit, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) data. An expansion cohort (n = 6 to 16) will be enrolled at the RP2D to confirm results. Conclusions: Primary objectives are to determine E7046 safety/tolerability, and MTD and/or RP2D. Key secondary objectives include PK, objective response rate, progression-free survival, and disease control rate. PD assessments include effect of E7046 on select immune cell populations in tumor infiltrate and 18FDG-PET as an early biomarker of response. For further information please contact Ozlem_Ataman@eisai.net. Clinical trial information: NCT02540291.
Enzymatic Determination of Diglyceride Using an Iridium Nano-Particle Based Single Use, Disposable Biosensor (2010)

A single use, disposable iridium-nano particle contained biosensor had been developed for the determination of diglyceride (DG). In this study hydrogen peroxide, formed through the enzymatic breakdown of DG via lipase, glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase, was electrochemically oxidized at an applied potential of +0.5 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The oxidation current was then used to quantify the diglyceride concentration. Optimum enzyme concentrations and the surfactant loading used were established for successful sensor response. Good linear performance was observed over a DG concentration range of 0 to 25 μM in phosphate buffer and bovine serum media.
Priming the ‘Soil’ for Breast Cancer Metastasis: The Pre-Metastatic Niche (2007)

The long prevailing model of metastasis recognizes the importance of both "seed" and "soil" for metastatic progression [1]. Much attention has focused on understanding the molecular and genetic factors that confer an intrinsic metastatic advantage to certain tumor cells. Meanwhile, changes occurring within distant tissues, creating a "soil" conducive for tumor invasion, have been largely neglected. Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) recently emerged as key players in initiating these early changes, creating a receptive microenvironment at designated sites for distant tumor growth and establishing the "Pre-Metastatic Niche" [2]. This insight into the earliest stages in the metastatic cascade revises our concept of the metastatic "microenvironment" to include physiological cells recruited from the bone marrow. Moreover, the concept of pre-metastatic tissues as 'niches' similar to physiological stem cell niches establishes a paradigm in which disseminated tumor cells may reside within a highly defined microcosm, both supportive and regulatory, and which may confer specific functions on indwelling cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular cross-talk between "seed" and "soil" may further our understanding of the factors that govern both site-specific patterning in metastasis and the phenomenon of tumor dormancy. This may lead to therapeutic strategies to detect and prevent metastasis at its earliest inception.
Engineering Imine Reductase for Efficient Biosynthesis of 1-Aryl-Tetrahydro-β-Carbolines and Their N-Methylation Products (2022)

Chiral 1-aryl-tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) is an important substructure in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The application of imine reductase (IRED) for their enantioselective synthesis is attractive yet has not been realized, owing to the bulkiness and rigidness of the framework. In this study, through in silico and mutational analysis of the steric hindrance-tolerant IRED IR45, we identified a critical binding mode for 1-phenyl dihydro-β-carbolines (DHβCs). Engineering the key residues at L228′, M250′, and E251′ in the subunit B significantly expanded the substrate tolerance of the enzyme, enabling efficient, stereoselective synthesis of a series of ortho-, meta-, para-, and multi-substituted (S)-1-phenyl-THβCs. By combining enzymatic imine reduction and whole-cell N-methylation in one pot, we further developed a cost-effective strategy to directly synthesize (S)-N-methyl 1-phenyl-THβCs from DHβC substrates. Our results not only provide an effective route to the biosynthesis of the important 1-aryl THβC frameworks but also significantly expand the substrate specificity of IRED, which will be useful for the broad application of IREDs in the synthesis of other sterically hindered amines.
Biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157 with O157-Specific Bacteriophages (1999)

Escherichia coli O157 antigen-specific bacteriophages were isolated and tested to determine their ability to lyse laboratory cultures of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A total of 53 bovine or ovine fecal samples were enriched for phage, and 5 of these samples were found to contain lytic phages that grow on E. coli O157:H7. Three bacteriophages, designated KH1, KH4, and KH5, were evaluated. At 37 or 4 degrees C, a mixture of these three O157-specific phages lysed all of the E. coli O157 cultures tested and none of the non-O157 E. coli or non-E. coli cultures tested. These results required culture aeration and a high multiplicity of infection. Without aeration, complete lysis of the bacterial cells occurred only after 5 days of incubation and only at 4 degrees C. Phage infection and plaque formation were influenced by the nature of the host cell O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Strains that did not express the O157 antigen or expressed a truncated LPS were not susceptible to plaque formation or lysis by phage. In addition, strains that expressed abundant mid-range-molecular-weight LPS did not support plaque formation but were lysed in liquid culture. Virulent O157 antigen-specific phages could play a role in biocontrol of E. coli O157:H7 in animals and fresh foods without compromising the viability of other normal flora or food quality.
“V-junction”: a novel structure for high-speed generation of bespoke droplet flows (2014)

We present the use of microfluidic "V-junctions" as a droplet generation strategy that incorporates enhanced performance characteristics when compared to more traditional "T-junction" formats. This includes the ability to generate target-sized droplets from the very first one, efficient switching between multiple input samples, the production of a wide range of droplet sizes (and size gradients) and the facile generation of droplets with residence time gradients. Additionally, the use of V-junction droplet generators enables the suspension and subsequent resumption of droplet flows at times defined by the user. The high degree of operational flexibility allows a wide range of droplet sizes, payloads, spacings and generation frequencies to be obtained, which in turn provides for an enhanced design space for droplet-based experimentation. We show that the V-junction retains the simplicity of operation associated with T-junction formats, whilst offering functionalities normally associated with droplet-on-demand technologies.
Two homologs of the Drosophila polarity gene frizzled (fz) are widely expressed in mammalian tissues. (1992)

The frizzled (fz) locus of Drosophila encodes a protein (Fz) with a seven-transmembrane-domain profile characteristic of G-protein-coupled receptors. In Drosophila, genetic evidence suggests that Fz functions to transmit and transduce polarity signals in epidermal cells during hair and bristle development. We have isolated from a UMR 106 rat osteosarcoma cell library a cDNA (fz-1) encoding a predicted 641-residue protein (Fz-1) with 46% homology with Drosophila Fz. We also identified a second cDNA (fz-2) encoding a protein (Fz-2) of 570 amino acids that is 80% homologous with Fz-1, with divergence most evident in the extracellular domains. Southern blots of rat genomic DNA indicated that fz-1 and fz-2 represent distinct genes. Northern analysis revealed the presence of a single fz-1 mRNA (4.7 kilobases) and two fz-2 mRNAs (2.5 and 4.5 kilobases) in rat tissues. The fz-1 and fz-2 genes are widely expressed in rat tissues with the highest steady-state levels of mRNA in kidney, liver, heart, uterus, and ovary. fz-1 and -2 mRNA levels were greater in neonatal than in corresponding adult tissues. Treatment of UMR 106 cells with bone resorbing agents including parathyroid hormone, epidermal growth factor, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 produced increases in fz-1 and -2 mRNA levels. We suggest that hormonal induction of Fz proteins in osteoblasts serves to promote intercellular signaling required for functional responses such as increased bone resorption. Fz-1 and Fz-2 may represent products of a gene family whose members serve as transducers or intercellular transmitters of signals required for normal morphogenesis and/or differentiated function in diverse tissues.