gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Level Deep Generative Adversarial Networks for Brain Tumor Classification on Magnetic Resonance Images (2022)

The brain tumor is an abnormal and hysterical growth of brain tissues, and the leading cause of death affected patients worldwide. Even in this technology-based arena, brain tumor images with proper labeling and acquisition still have a problem with the accurate and reliable generation of realistic images of brain tumors that are completely different from the original ones. The artificially created medical image data would help improve the learning ability of physicians and other computer-aided systems for the generation of augmented data. To overcome the highlighted issue, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) deep learning technique in which two neural networks compete to become more accurate in creating artificially realistic data for MRI images. The GAN network contains mainly two parts known as generator and discriminator. Commonly, a generator is the convolutional neural network, and a discriminator is the deconvolutional neural network. In this research, the publicly accessible Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) dataset collected from 2005-to 2020 from different hospitals in China consists of four classes has been used. Our proposed method is simple and achieved an accuracy of 96%. We compare our technique results with the existing results, indicating that our proposed technique outperforms the best results associated with the existing methods.
Uncommon cause of hepatosplenomegaly in an immunocompetent patient (2003)

Answers on p 481. 

A 35 year old man, non-alcoholic, an electrician by occupation and a resident of Delhi, was admitted with complaints of left upper abdominal discomfort, generalised weakness, lethargy, and exertional dyspnoea for the last five months. There was a history of two episodes of epistaxis five months previously. He did not have any history of weight loss, …
Ultrastructural changes in the testis and epididymis of rats following treatment with the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya (2004)

The benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya at a dose of 10 mg/rat/day for 150 days, which has shown a total inhibition of motility, reduced sperm count and infertility, was tested to de fi ne the mode of action at the subcellular level in the testis and epididymis. The ultrastructure of the testis of the treated animals revealed no appreciable changes in the subcellular characteristics. The mechanism of protein synthesis as well as steroidogenesis were evident in the Sertoli cells while the spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids, both round and elongated, depicted a prominent nucleus, distinct nuclear membrane and cytoplasmic characteristics indicating normal germ cell differentiation. The principal cells of the cauda epididymis were characterized by the presence of well-de fi ned rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and secretary granules, suggesting active secretory functions. The absorptive function of the cauda epididymis was evidenced by the presence of numerous vesicles and multivesicular bodies adjacent to stereocilia. It is concluded that the inhibition of sperm motility by the drug could be due to other epididymal factors rather than the subcellular characteristics of testis and epididymis.
Electromethanogenic CO2 Conversion by Subsurface-reservoir Microorganisms (2013)

To develop a technological system to add substantial value to CCS operations, we are proposing a system to employ a new bio-electrochemical reaction, called “electromethanogenesis”, to convert geologically-stored CO2 into methane, a recycled energy source. In this study, we showed that microorganisms derived from a subsurface reservoir were electromethanogenically active. Moreover, the microbial consortium selectively enriched based on electrochemical activity had the highest electromethanogenic activity reported so far. Thus, our study indicated that, for the electromethanogenic conversion of geologically-stored CO2, recruitment of microorganisms endogenous to the reservoir was an effective strategy.
JEDE: Universal Jersey Number Detector for Sports (2022)

The rapid progress in deep learning-based computer vision has opened unprecedented possibilities in computing various high-level analytics for sports. Artificial intelligence techniques such as predictive analysis, automatic highlight generation, and assistant coaching have been applied to improve performance and decision-making for teams and players. To perform any high-level analysis from a game match, collecting the locations (where) and identities (who) of players is crucial and challenging. In this paper, a universal JErsey number DEtector (JEDE) for player identification is presented that predicts players’ bounding boxes and keypoints, along with bounding boxes and classes of jersey digits and numbers in an end-to-end manner. Instead of generating digit proposals from pre-defined anchors, JEDE predicts more robust proposals guided by players’ features and pose estimation. Moreover, a dataset is collected from soccer and basketball matches with annotations on players’ bounding boxes and body keypoints, and jersey digits’ bounding boxes and labels. Extensive experimental results and ablation studies on the collected dataset show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Both quantitative and qualitative results also demonstrate JEDE’s superior practicality and generalizability over different sports.
The Alloantigenic Sites of α3α4α5(IV) Collagen (2007)

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody nephritis is caused by an autoimmune or alloimmune reaction to the NC1 domains of alpha3alpha4alpha5(IV) collagen. Some patients with X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) develop post-transplant nephritis mediated by pathogenic anti-GBM alloantibodies to collagen IV chains present in the renal allograft but absent from the tissues of the patient. In this work, the epitopes targeted by alloantibodies from these patients were identified and characterized. All XLAS alloantibodies recognized conformational epitopes in the NC1 domain of alpha5(IV) collagen, which were mapped using chimeric alpha1/alpha5 NC1 domains expressed in mammalian cells. Allograft-eluted alloantibodies mainly targeted two conformational alloepitopes mapping to alpha5NC1 residues 1-45 and 114-168. These regions also encompassed the major epitopes of circulating XLAS alloantibodies, which in some patients additionally targeted alpha5NC1 residues 169-229. Both kidney-eluted and circulating alloantibodies to alpha5NC1 distinctively targeted epitopes accessible in the alpha3alpha4alpha5NC1 hexamers of human GBM, unlike anti-GBM autoantibodies, which targeted sequestered alpha3NC1 epitopes. The results identify two immunodominant alpha5NC1 epitopes as major alloantigenic sites of alpha3alpha4alpha5(IV) collagen specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of post-transplant nephritis in XLAS patients. The contrast between the accessibility of these alloepitopes and the crypticity of autoepitopes indicates that distinct molecular forms of antigen may initiate the immunopathogenic processes in the two forms of anti-GBM disease.
Data from Tumoral Lymphocytic Infiltration and Expression of the Chemokine CXCL10 in Breast Cancers from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Breast carcinomas, including basal and hereditary cases, often present with a prominent tumoral lymphocytic infiltrate. Chemokines could play a role in attracting these cells and contribute to tumor progression. We explored tumoral expression of CXCL10 and determined the relationship between CXCL10 and lymphocytic infiltrate in a cohort of breast cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using tissue microarrays of 364 breast tumors, we evaluated expression of CXCL10 and its receptor, CXCR3, in relation to histopathologic features, biomarkers, and lymphocyte markers. In addition, we overexpressed CXCL10 and CXCR3 in MCF7 breast cancer cells and monitored T-lymphocyte migration and invasion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Forty-five percent of tumors expressed CXCL10, and a significant association was found with CXCR3 and lymphocytic infiltrate. Further characterization of the lymphocytic infiltrate revealed an association with CXCL10 expression for peritumoral CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. CD8+ intratumoral lymphocytes, FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and T-BET+ T&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;1 cells were associated with &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; and basal tumors. Conditioned media from MCF7 cells overexpressing both CXCL10 and CXCR3 increased T-lymphocyte migration and invasion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings suggest that CXCL10 may act in a paracrine manner, affecting the tumor microenvironment, and in an autocrine manner, acting on the tumor cells themselves and may play a role in tumor invasiveness and progression. The CXCL10-CXCR3 axis can serve as a potential target in &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; and basal breast cancers, which present with a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate and a poor prognosis. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 336–46. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Expression of High-affinity Receptors for TGF-β During Rat Cranial Suture Fusion (1999)

The etiology of craniosynostosis is unknown. The elucidation of the biological pathways responsible for this disorder has been hampered by an inability to evaluate cranial sutures before, during, and after cranial suture fusion. The programmed fusion of the rat posterofrontal (PF) suture postnatally provides an excellent model to study the molecular events that occur during cranial suture fusion. Previous experiments have implicated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) growth factors in the regulation of PF suture fusion. The purpose of these experiments was to localize the expression of high-affinity receptors for these growth factors during cranial suture fusion. Four rats were sacrificed on postnatal days 8, 12, 17, and 40 (N = 16). The PF and sagittal sutures were harvested and prepared for immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta receptor 1 and receptor 2 (Tbeta-RI, Tbeta-RII) protein. Results indicate that immunostaining for Tbeta-RI and Tbeta-RII is markedly increased in the dura mater and osteoblasts of the sutural margin of the PF suture during active suture fusion (on postnatal days 12, 17, and 40) compared with the osteoblasts and dura mater underlying the patent sagittal suture. These results, in combination with the authors' previous findings as well as studies supporting a role for TGF-beta molecules in the regulation of osteogenesis, implicate TGF-beta signaling in the regulation of suture fusion. The possible mechanisms of ligand-receptor interaction are discussed.
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2018)

Each chapter listed in the Table of Contents (see next page) is a hyperlink to that chapter. The reader clicks the chapter name to access that chapter.

Each chapter listed here is a hyperlink. Click on the chapter name to be taken to that chapter. 

Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and the cardiovascular risk factors listed in the AHA’s My Life Check - Life’s Simple 7 (Figure1), which include core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update represents …
Property modification of a high level nuclear waste borosilicate glass through the addition of Fe2O3 (2008)

The pro rata addition of 0-20 wt% Fe2O3 to a UK high level waste (HLW) borosilicate glass containing 25 wt% model UK HLW has been studied in terms of the effects of Fe2O3 addition on glass chemical durability, thermal properties, density and redox. Mixtures have been successfully melted in Pt crucibles at 1050 and 1150°C, and resulting glasses are x-ray amorphous. Addition of Fe2O3 increases glass density and HLW loading per unit volume increases by 3·5% for 10 wt% Fe2O3 addition. Chemical durability has been measured using the methodology of product consistency test B (ASTM C1285) for 7, 14 and 28 days. Leach rate and solution pH is reduced by the addition of Fe2O3. Overall test results suggest that 5-10% Fe2O3 addition provides optimum improvement in chemical durability. Thermal stability and Tg are unaffected by 0-15 wt% Fe2O3 addition. 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy reveals that Fe is present in these glasses as Fe3+ ions in tetrahedral coordination, strengthening the glass network through increased network polymerisation. The results also suggest that increasing the Fe2O3 content of the glass changes the character and makeup of the interfacial layers formed during corrosion.
Cassegrain Offset Subreflector-Fed X/Ka Dual-Band Reflectarray With Thin Membranes (2006)

The development of a 0.75-m Cassegrain offset subreflector-fed X/Ka dual-band reflectarray antenna is presented. The subreflector (SR) is fabricated using combinations of prescribed geometric parameters and two left-hand circularly polarized microstrip patch arrays are designed as feed networks with one covering X-band and the other covering Ka-band. The phase corrections in the reflectarray required to form a planar phase front are realized by rotating microstrip ring elements. Low-dielectric constant foam layers are inserted below both the X- and Ka-band membranes to act as support structures and to minimize the degrading effects of thin substrates. It is believed that this is the first Cassegrain offset-fed reflectarray ever been developed. The measured results show efficiencies around 50% for both frequency bands with room for improvements
Two-Dimensional Velocity Estimation for Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (2021)

Online version of a conference paper originally published as: Two-Dimensional Velocity Estimation for Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography, Darren Morofke, Michael C. Kolios, Victor X.D. Yang, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine XI, edited by James G. Fujimoto, Joseph A. Izatt, Valery V. Tuchin Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6429, 64292F, (2007) Publisher URL: http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=701372
Enhancing spatial resolution for exploitation in hyperspectral imagery (2003)

Applications such as target recognition from remote sensed imagery may benefit from the fusion of traditional high resolution panchromatic or color images with multispectral or hyperspectral image cubes. A method for such image fusion proposed by Munechika and evaluated on synthetic imagery by Robinson, Gross and Schott is evaluated here using real imagery. A high-resolution RGB photograph is used to enhance a Hymap image cube for a scene taken over Mobile, Alabama. It is concluded that the spatial information is sharpened significantly, that spectral fidelity is preserved in the sharpening process, and that the fused imagery is likely to be beneficial in target recognition applications.
Optical fiber sensors and their application in monitoring stress build-up in dental resin cements (2005)

The field of optical fiber sensing is highly diverse and this diversity is perceived as a great advantage over more conventional sensors in that an optical sensor can be tailored to measure any of a myriad of physical parameters. In this paper we present a niche application for optical fiber sensors in the domain of biophotonics, namely the monitoring of stress build-up during the curing process of dental resin cements. We discuss the origin of this stress build-up and the problems it can cause when treating patients. Optical fiber sensors aim at excelling in two kind of applications: firstly to perform quality control on batch produced dental cements and measure their total material shrinkage, secondly to monitor the hardening of the cement during in-vivo measurements resulting in the dynamic measurement of the shrinkage and to control the stress in a facing based restoration. We therefore investigated two types of optical fiber sensors as alternatives to conventional measurement techniques; namely polarimetric optical fiber sensors and fiber Bragg gratings written in polarization maintaining fibers. After discussing the results obtained with both optical fiber sensors, we will conclude with a critical assessment of the suitability of the two proposed sensing configurations for multi-parameter stress monitoring.
Archeometallurgical Study of a Renaissance Spearhead from Northern Italy (2022)

Abstract A metallurgical study of a Renaissance spearhead from northern Italy was performed to provide new deep insights into both smelting and smithing technologies which are involved in the manufacturing process. Optical microscopy observations, Vickers microhardness measurements, and optical emission spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the spearhead was skillfully assembled and shaped from different steel bars, and a slack-quenching heat treatment was performed on the blade to improve its functionality. The chemistry of a large sample of nonmetallic inclusions was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. A multivariate statistical data treatment based on logistic regression was applied to assess the technological origin of the steel bars. The results allowed to conclude that the spearhead steel was obtained following the indirect steel-making route. The temperatures reached during both smelting and smithing stages were estimated in the FeO–SiO 2 –CaO system at 1470 °C and 1200 °C, respectively.
TRP: Tunneling Routing Protocol for WSNs (2014)

Energy conservation is one of the most important factors in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for reliability since nodes have limited resources of energy. There is a need to design such routing protocols, which efficiently use available energy and prolong network lifetime and stability period. We implement sink mobility in Clusterless Stable Election Protocol (CL-SEP) and proposed Tunnel Routing Protocol (TRP) for WSNs, which is two level heterogeneous. From the simulation results, it is seen that the proposed protocol outperforms the conventional SEP in stability period, network lifetime and throughput. It efficiently utilizes the available energy of the network by using Moving Sink (MS) and prolongs network lifetime and stability period.
Repairing Trust Between Individuals and Groups: The Effectiveness of Apologies in Interpersonal and Intergroup Contexts (2021)

Transgressions and injustice are an inevitable part of social life, both in interactions between individuals and between groups. But whereas conflict between individuals typically impacts only few, conflict between groups can be harmful to many – as is illustrated by disputes between nations, political parties, and social groups. For this reason, it is crucial to understand how such transgressions can be restored. In interpersonal contexts, there is considerable evidence that apologies can restore transgressions and enable victims and perpetrators to reconcile. It is unknown, however, to what extent their remedial effectiveness may translate to conflicts between groups. The present research illuminates this question. In an experimental study (<em>N</em> = 272), we compared the effectiveness of apologies for restoring trust after transgressions between individuals or groups. Results revealed that both in interpersonal and intergroup contexts, apologies significantly increased trust. However, their impact was greater in interpersonal interactions (where they fully restored trust to its pre-transgression level) than in intergroup interactions (where they failed to fully restore trust). Furthermore, the effectiveness of apologies was shaped by their emotional content. In disputes between individuals, only apologies with secondary emotions fully restored trust. Conversely, in disputes between groups, neither apologies with primary emotions nor those with secondary emotions fully restored trust. This was explained by greater skepticism of apologies in intergroup contexts, particularly of apologies with secondary emotions. These findings underline that intergroup interactions are more competitive and distrusting than interpersonal interactions, and suggest that more extensive remedies may be required to reduce intergroup tensions.
Photonic integrated circuits for avionics network access and backbone network interface WDM LAN applications (2014)

The SAE AS5659 Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) Local Area Network (LAN) standard defines network access (NAI) and backbone network (BNI) optical interfaces. NAIs and BNIs provide optical connection to and within the backbone network, respectively. The backbone network is comprised of optical network elements (ONEs). ONEs include optical multiplex and optical transport layers. Client adaptation elements (which include electrical signal adaptation, electrical multiplex and optical channel layers) interface to ONEs via NAIs. ONEs interface to one another via BNIs.
Cloud Computing –Its Prospects and Challenges (2014)

The extensive use of information and communication technology has transformed manufacturing organizations and economies into information centric and customer focused organizations.In present times, the information about a product or customer has become as valuable to the company as the product or service.However gaining information is an evolutionary process which begins with collection and storage of data to analysis and processing which is transformed into knowledge.It is this knowledge that is mission critical for organizations and their success.It is extremely vital for an organization to ensure that at no point of operation, the data which enables it with this knowledge is compromised.To ensure this the organizations invest a significant volume of their capital to set up an IT infrastructure to Preserve, Process and Protect this most valuable asset to an organization in present paradigm, its data.However for a small and medium sized company it is extremely demanding to implement the fundamentals of this new information based economy as it requires a significant investment upfront.For such organizations choosing cloud computing is a cost effective alternative but with obvious concerns.Cloud Computing offers the opportunity to access IT resources and services with appreciable convenience and speed.Whilst cloud computing is gaining growing popularity in the IT industry, it also meets with some challenges like data security, integrity, availability.This paper discusses the concept of "cloud" computing and its prospects and challenges.The benefits of cloud computing has led increasingly many enterprises to outsource their IT resources tothe cloud, despite some challenges.The main contribution of this paper is that we discuss challenges that organizations which want to migrate to cloud faces.
An attempt to handle the nanopatterning of materials created under ion beam mixing (2013)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: ESTERIFICATION OF ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS WITH BENZOIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE (1976)

Abstract Wie an 8 Allylalkoholen, so dem 2‐Methoxy‐5‐hydroxy‐dihydropyran (Ia), seinem 2‐Epimeren, dem 2‐Benzyloxyme‐ thyl‐Derivat (Ib), dem 2,6‐Di‐[benzyloxymethyl]‐Derivat (Ic) und dessen 2‐Epimeren, gezeigt wird, erfolgt die bekannte Veresterung bei hoher Ausbeute, vollständiger Inversion und ohne Allylumlagerung zu den Benzoaten wie (II).