gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRF1 Mediates Mitotic Abnormalities Induced by Aurora-A Overexpression (2010)

Aurora-A, a conserved serine-threonine kinase, plays essential roles in mitosis. Aberrant upregulation of Aurora-A perturbs proper mitotic progression and results in a generation of multinucleated cells with centrosome amplification. The molecular mechanisms for these mitotic defects remain elusive. Here, we show that the overexpressed Aurora-A-induced mitotic defects depend on the telomeric protein TRF1. Live and fixed cell analyses revealed that Aurora-A overexpression in HeLa cells compromises chromosome biorientation, which leads to cytokinetic failure and tetraploidization with increased centrosome numbers. TRF1 depletion by small interfering RNAs or by tankyrase-1 overexpression suppresses Aurora-A-induced occurrence of unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, thus preventing the subsequent abnormalities. We found that Aurora-A binds and phosphorylates TRF1. When TRF1 knockdown cells are complemented with wild-type TRF1, Aurora-A-induced mitotic defects recur. By contrast, a TRF1 mutant that is not phosphorylatable by Aurora-A does not restore such Aurora-A-induced phenotype. We propose that TRF1 phosphorylation by excessive Aurora-A may provoke abnormal mitosis and chromosomal instability.
Ion acceleration by superintense laser-plasma interaction (2013)

Ion acceleration driven by superintense laser pulses is attracting an impressive and steadily increasing effort. Motivations can be found in the applicative potential and in the perspective to investigate novel regimes as available laser intensities will be increasing. Experiments have demonstrated, over a wide range of laser and target parameters, the generation of multi-MeV proton and ion beams with unique properties such as ultrashort duration, high brilliance, and low emittance. An overview is given of the state of the art of ion acceleration by laser pulses as well as an outlook on its future development and perspectives. The main features observed in the experiments, the observed scaling with laser and plasma parameters, and the main models used both to interpret experimental data and to suggest new research directions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Active Zinc in Organic Synthesis (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EFFECTS OF USING A NONUNIFORM-AMPLITUDE SLOW WAVE STRUCTURE IN A REPETITIVELY-PULSED, HIGH POWER REL (1993)

The University of New Mexico Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Laboratory is conducting a systematic investigation of nonuniform-amplitude backward wave oscillators (BWOs) using the SINUS-6, a high power relativistic repetitively-pulsed electron beam accelerator The Sinus-6 produces a 12 ns microwave pulse with a peak power of 600 MW at 9.6 GHz. Efficiencies of microwave generation using both uniform and nonuniformamplitude BWOs are measured and compared with TWOQUICK (MAGIC) computer simulations. Each BWO structure is tested hundreds of times over a wide range of input parameters. The plentiful data allow for careful comparisons with theoretical models. Initial results confirm that prebunching the electron beam in a nonoscillating shallow ripple section results in increased microwave generation efficiency. Finally, experimental results from a high power serpentine mode converter based on a design of the Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia are also presented. The converter changes the dominant TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode output of the BWO to a TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ll</sub> mode with very high conversion efficiency.
Design Guidelines for printable Magnetic Shielding Films for NFC Tags on (2018)

The performance of RFID tags deteriorates when mounted on metallic objects. This is due to the induced eddy current effect on the metal which produces a magnetic field that opposes the reader/ tag field. Suitable electromagnetic screening is needed to mitigate this issue e.g. ferromagnetic films shielding the tag from the metal. This paper explores some design guidelines for ferrite films properties for additive manufacturing methods. Simulated and measured results for different ferromagnetic films and their influence on the performance of the NFC tags are investigated.
Sequential Bayesian optimal experimental design via approximate dynamic programming (2016)

The design of multiple experiments is commonly undertaken via suboptimal strategies, such as batch (open-loop) design that omits feedback or greedy (myopic) design that does not account for future effects. This paper introduces new strategies for the optimal design of sequential experiments. First, we rigorously formulate the general sequential optimal experimental design (sOED) problem as a dynamic program. Batch and greedy designs are shown to result from special cases of this formulation. We then focus on sOED for parameter inference, adopting a Bayesian formulation with an information theoretic design objective. To make the problem tractable, we develop new numerical approaches for nonlinear design with continuous parameter, design, and observation spaces. We approximate the optimal policy by using backward induction with regression to construct and refine value function approximations in the dynamic program. The proposed algorithm iteratively generates trajectories via exploration and exploitation to improve approximation accuracy in frequently visited regions of the state space. Numerical results are verified against analytical solutions in a linear-Gaussian setting. Advantages over batch and greedy design are then demonstrated on a nonlinear source inversion problem where we seek an optimal policy for sequential sensing.
Grease lubricity in the fretting contact: Are ionic liquids the solution? (2023)

A statistical, energy-based approach is employed to experimentally characterize the ability of different greases to reduce friction when a point contact is subjected to repeated reciprocal displacements of smaller magnitude than the contact diameter. This approach allows the assessment of lubricant fretting performance with respect to its ability to remain within the contact and also its boundary lubrication properties. The results indicate that composition-dependent boundary lubrication properties of greases loaded with non-halogenated ionic liquids containing bis(oxalato)borate ([BOB]) and bis(mandelato)borate ([BMB]) anions can result in no detectable wear and low friction, even under conditions of moderately high pressures and where the original contact area is never fully uncovered. This discovery paves the way for the development of anti-fretting ionic greases.
Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters (1981)

This paper reviews the theory, techniques, and applications of acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF). Two basic types of AOTF are described, i.e., the collinear and the noncollinear configurations. The important device characteristics of the AOTF presented include the bandpass response and spectral resolution, angular aperture, and the filter tuning relation. This review concludes with a discussion of various AOTF applications.
A Generalized K-Means Algorithm with Semi-Supervised Weight Coefficients (2006)

A new classification algorithm corresponding to a generalization of the K-means algorithm is proposed, whose algorithm is named as a weighted K-means algorithm. Weight coefficients, which provide weighted distortions between data and cluster centers, are incorporated into the algorithm to realize reliable classification. A method determining the appropriate values of the weight coefficients from class labeled data is introduced. Under the situations where statistical distributions of data are changing gradually with time, the weighted K-means algorithm for semi-supervised data composed from initial labeled data and succeeding unlabeled data is investigated.
Performance of Microfinance Institutions-A Macroeconomic and Institutional Perspective (2011)

Under the continued effects of global financial crisis where the donor's investment in microfinance sectors has become shrunk, how the macroeconomic factors or the crisis or the macro-institutional factors would affect the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) have become one of the key debates among the policy makers and practitioners. The present paper has investigated the effect of both institutional factors and the macro economy on the financial performance of MFIs drawing upon the Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) data as well as cross-country data of macro economy, finance and institutions drawing upon three stage least squares (3SLS) and fixed effects vector decomposition (FEVD) to take account of the endogeneity of key explanatory variables. In contrast to Ahlin et al.'s (2010), we generally find that institutional factors affect MFIs' financial performance, in particular, profitability, operating expense, and portfolio quality. It is also found that the macro-economic and financial factors, such as GDP and share of domestic credit to GDP, have positive impacts on MFIs' financial performance, such as profitability, operating expense ratio and portfolio quality. It is thus concluded that while macroeconomic factors are important, improving macro-institutional factors, policies to raise country-level institutional qualities are required for making the activities of MFIs more sustainable under the global recession.
Observation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rb-filled Hollow-core Fibre (2012)

Filling the cores of a hollow-core optical fibre with Rubidium has proven challenging. Here we report on progress to this end, and give experimental and theoretical evidence of substantial electromagnetically induced transparency at room temperature.
Manufacturing Different Diet Sizes and Its Effect on Pellet Water Stability and Growth of Three Size Classes of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei (2001)

Abstract A feed manufacturing method involving the production of large pellets followed by crumbling to desired diet sizes was used to produce six shrimp diets to determine its effect on growth of three size classes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The six diets containing 45% protein were 0.7 mm crumble, 1.2 mm crumble, 1.7 mm crumble, 2.2 mm crumble, 2.6 mm crumble, and 3.0 mm pellet. These diets were fed to three size classes of shrimp subjected to a four-week growth trial under indoor laboratory conditions. Stocking density was 12 shrimp/aquarium for size class 1 (1.13iö.01 g), 9 shrimp/aquarium for size class 2 (7.31iö.06 g), and 6 shrimp/aquarium for size class 3 (13.12iö. 10 g). Shrimp were fed three times daily and were evaluated for live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival. Results for shrimp growth appeared to be affected by diet size and pellet water stability. The effects of diet size, however, were more evident on smaller sized shrimp. Weekly growth rates for class 1 and class 2 shrimp indicated significant responses (P < 0.05) to the effects of diet size, while the class 3 shrimp did not show any significant result. The growth rates for both class 1 and class 2 shrimp were lowest at the smallest diet size (0.7 mm crumble) but differed with respect to highest growth rates. The largest diet (3.0 mm pellets) yielded the highest growth rates for class 1 shrimp, while medium sized feed (2.2 mm crumble) produced the best growth for class 2 shrimp. This could be partly attributed to pellet water stability, which had a direct correlation to diet size (r = 0.97). Smaller diet sizes resulting from crumbling larger pellets tend to have lower water stability. The water stability decreased from 82.5% to 76.3% as the 3.0 mm pellets were reduced to 0.7 mm crumbles. Stress cracks are created during crumbling, and surface area to volume ratio are increased as larger particles are reduced to crumbles. These would make smaller diet particles more susceptible to disintegration and nutrient leaching. For class 3 shrimp, the largest pellets produced the highest growth rate. This high growth value, however, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from growth results produced by the crumbled feed sizes. This observation suggests that diet sizes ranging from 0.7 mm crumble to 3.0 mm pellet could be used for a 13 g shrimp, although preference would be given to larger pellets due to higher growth performance and better pellet water stability. Results for shrimp live weights were similar to results obtained for weekly growth rates. FCR and survival of all shrimp sizes did not show any significant response from the effects of various diet sizes. However, larger shrimp were less efficient in their diet utilization than smaller shrimp.
Time-of-Use Pricing Could Help China Manage Demand (2011)

As China’s middle class continues to grow, it will likely cause additional stress on electricity grids with the increase in use of air conditioning and other electrical appliances. If China implements a real time pricing model soon it could create a regulatory scheme that avoids the problems Western countries encountered in their attempts to manage demand through time-based pricing.
Reaction–Diffusion Transport Model to Predict Precursor Uptake and Spatial Distribution in Vapor-Phase Infiltration Processes (2021)

Vapor-phase infiltration (VPI) has emerged as a scalable process for transforming polymer products into a variety of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with potential applications to a number of commercial industries. However, the fundamental transport kinetics of VPI are still not well understood. Most explorations to date have relied on simple Fickian diffusion models for VPI transport. However, these Fickian diffusion models often fail to entirely capture the physical phenomena of VPI because of the complex convolution of diffusion and reaction processes. In this work, a reaction–diffusion model is developed that provides additional insight into how the presence of reactions between polymers and metal-organic precursors modifies the transport behavior of the metal-organic VPI precursor through the infiltrated polymer. From this model, parameters such as the second-order rate constant for the reaction between the precursor and polymer and a diffusive hindering factor can be extracted. The model is shown to both fit well to physical measurements and, more critically, predict experimental outcomes. Additionally, nondimensionalization is employed to create domain maps based on a wide variety of VPI parameters. The resulting domain maps showcase the breadth of behaviors captured by this reaction–diffusion model for VPI.
Real-time estimation of airflow vector based on lidar observations for preview control (2020)

Abstract. As part of control techniques, gust-alleviation systems using airborne Doppler lidar technology are expected to enhance aviation safety by significantly reducing the risk of turbulence-related accidents. Accurate measurement and estimation of the vertical wind velocity are very important in the successful implementation of such systems. An estimation algorithm for the airflow vector based on data from airborne lidars is proposed and investigated for preview control to prevent turbulence-induced aircraft accidents in flight. An existing technique – simple vector conversion – assumes that the wind field between the lidars is homogeneous, but this assumption fails when turbulence occurs due to a large wind-velocity fluctuation. The proposed algorithm stores the line-of-sight (LOS) wind data at every moment and uses recent and past LOS wind data to estimate the airflow vector and to extrapolate the wind field between the airborne twin lidars without the assumption of homogeneity. Two numerical experiments – using the ideal vortex model and numerical weather prediction, respectively – were conducted to evaluate the estimation performance of the proposed method. The proposed method has much better performance than simple vector conversion in both experiments, and it can estimate accurate two-dimensional wind-field distributions, unlike simple vector conversion. The estimation performance and the computational cost of the proposed method can satisfy the performance demand for preview control.
Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: Updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study (2019)

Although outdoor air pollution and particulate matter in outdoor air have been consistently linked with increased lung cancer risk, the evidence for associations at other cancer sites is limited. Bladder cancer shares several risk factors with lung cancer and some positive associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk have been observed. This study examined associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk in the large-scale Spanish Bladder Cancer Study. Estimates of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub> ) concentrations were assigned to the geocoded participant residence of 938 incident bladder cancer cases and 973 hospital controls based on European multicity land-use regression models. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. Overall, there was no clear association between either ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> (OR per 5.9 μg/m<sup>3</sup> = 1.06, 95% CI 0.71-1.60) or NO<sub>2</sub> (OR per 14.2 μg/m<sup>3</sup> = 0.97, 95% CI 0.84-1.13) concentrations and incident bladder cancer risk. There was no clear evidence for effect modification according to age group, sex, region, education, cigarette smoking status, or pack-years. Results were also similar among more residentially stable participants and in two-pollutant models. Overall, there was no clear evidence for associations of ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and incident bladder cancer risk. Further research in other large-scale population studies is needed with detailed information on measured or modeled estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations and individual level risk factors.
Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Chinchillas (1998)

Colonization of the nasopharynx by a middle ear pathogen is the first step in the development of otitis media in humans. The establishment of an animal model of nasopharyngeal colonization would therefore be of great utility in assessing the potential protective ability of candidate vaccine antigens (especially adhesins) against otitis media. A chinchilla nasopharyngeal colonization model for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was developed with antibiotic-resistant strains. This model does not require coinfection with a virus. There was no significant difference in the efficiency of NTHI colonization between adult (1- to 2-year-old) and young (2- to 3-month-old) animals. However, the incidence of middle ear infection following nasopharyngeal colonization was significantly higher in young animals (83 to 89%) than in adult chinchillas (10 to 30%). Chinchillas that had recovered either from a previous middle ear infection caused by NTHI or from an infection by intranasal inoculation with NTHI were completely protected against nasopharyngeal colonization with a homologous strain and were found to be the best positive controls in protection studies. Systemic immunization of chinchillas with inactivated whole-cell preparations significantly protected animals not only against homologous NTHI colonization but also partially against heterologous NTHI infection. In all protected animals, significant serum anti-P6 and anti-HMW antibody responses were observed. The outer membrane P6 and high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins appear to be promising candidate vaccine antigens to prevent nasopharyngeal colonization and middle ear infection caused by NTHI.
Molecular Networking-based De-replication Strategy Leads to the Isolation of a New Chromone from Pleosporales sp. (2020)

A new chromone analogue (1) was isolated from an EtOAc-extract of Pleosporales sp. culture medium, together with five known chromones (2 – 6). The isolation workflow was guided by a Molecular Networking-based dereplication strategy. The chemical structure of the new compound was elucidated using NMR and MS spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was established by the Mosher
Contribution of virion ICAM-1 to human immunodeficiency virus infectivity and sensitivity to neutralization (1997)

Incorporation of the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles increased virus infectivity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by two- to sevenfold. The degree of ICAM-1-mediated enhancement was greater for viruses bearing envelope glycoproteins derived from primary HIV-1 isolates than for those bearing envelope glycoproteins from laboratory-adapted strains. Treatment of target PBMCs with an antibody against LFA-1, a principal ICAM-1 receptor, was able to nullify the ICAM-1-mediated enhancement. The incorporation of ICAM-1 rendered HIV-1 virions less susceptible to neutralization by a monoclonal antibody directed against the viral envelope glycoproteins. Surprisingly, an antibody against ICAM-1 completely neutralized infection by ICAM-1-containing viruses, reducing the efficiency of virus entry by almost 100-fold. Thus, HIV-1 neutralization by an ICAM-1-directed antibody involves more than an inhibition of the contribution of ICAM-1 to virus entry.
Cannabinoid Sensitivity and Synaptic Properties of 2 GABAergic Networks in the Neocortex (2008)

Distinct networks of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons connected by electrical synapses can promote different patterns of activity in the neocortex. Cannabinoids affect memory and cognition by powerfully modulating a subset of inhibitory synapses; however, very little is known about the synaptic properties of the cannabinoid receptor-expressing neurons (CB(1)-positive irregular spiking [CB(1)-IS]) in the neocortex. Using paired recordings in neocortical slices, we 1st report here that synapses of CB(1)-IS cells, but not synapses of fast-spiking (FS) cells, are suppressed by release of endocannabinoids from pyramidal neurons. CB(1)-IS synapses were characterized by a very high failure rate that contrasted with the high reliability of FS synapses. Furthermore, CB(1)-IS cells received excitatory inputs less frequently compared with FS cells and made significantly less frequent inhibitory contacts onto local pyramids. These distinct synaptic properties together with their characteristic irregular firing suggest that CB(1)-IS cells play different role in neocortical function than that of FS cells. Thus, whereas the synaptic properties of FS cells can allow them to impose high-frequency rhythmic oscillatory activity, those of CB(1)-IS cells may lead to disruption of fast rhythmic oscillations. Our results suggest that activity-dependent release of cannabinoids, by blocking CB(1)-IS synapses, may alter the role of inhibition in neocortical circuits.