gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of red blood cell flow behavior in hemodynamics and hemostasis (2007)

The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues, which is performed predominantly in the blood capillaries. However, RBCs have unique flow-affecting properties that play a key role in blood flow in all blood vessel types and sizes. While RBCs as oxygen carriers have been studied extensively, their hemodynamic function has been examined less comprehensively. This review aims to bridge this gap, focusing on the role of RBC flow properties in hemodynamics, hemostasis and thrombosis.
Configurable Defected Ground Structures for Low Profile Antenna Performance Enhancement (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Versatile configurable defected ground structures&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;(CDGSs) for enhancing the performance of low profile antennas are introduced. It is shown that CDGS can significantly reduce mutual coupling (MC) between multiple antennas and suppress cross-polarization (XP) and enhance circular polarization (CP) excitation in single port low profile antennas for example. The key idea of CDGS is to construct defected ground structures (DGSs) from a grid of slots, which can be either opened or shorted with hardwires, so that they can be configured and optimized to enhance desired antenna performance characteristics. The&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;importance and versatility of the CDGS approach is that it&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;overcomes the issue of having to design bespoke DGS for each individual antenna design. Three design examples are provided to demonstrate the versatility of CDGSs for MC reduction, XP suppression and CP excitation. Experimental results demonstrate that MC can be reduced by up to 43 dB, XP can be suppressed by 15 dB and CP can be excited with 78 MHz (2.2%) 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The compactness and ease of fabrication also make the CDGS well suited to compact low profile internet of things (IoT) and wireless communication applications.&lt;/div&gt;
Chemical Peeling and Resurfacing (1992)

A practical guide for clinical practice, this text provides descriptions of every facet in the peeling process. Organized by procedure, sections are included on complications, ethics, and other peeling methods such as dermabrasion. It also includes current information on alpha-hydroxy acid.
The sheep analogue of human CD59: purification and characterization of its complement inhibitory activity. (1993)

An inhibitor of the membrane attack complex of complement was isolated from the membranes of sheep erythrocytes. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and affinity purification procedures for this sheep complement-inhibiting protein (SCIP) both yielded a pure protein with an apparent M(r) of 19,000 under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Incubation of the denatured protein with neuraminidase and Endo-F reduced the apparent M(r) to 18,000 and 15,000 respectively, while treatment with O-deglycosidase or phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) did not affect the apparent M(r). SCIP was detectable on erythrocytes and lymphocytes but not on platelets and could partially be removed by PIPLC treatment. Deglycosylation of the pure protein markedly reduced and PIPLC treatment abolished its activity. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against sheep complement-inhibiting protein (SCIP) enhanced the susceptibility of sheep erythrocytes to lysis by homologous complement. SCIP inhibited complement after the stage of C5b-7 formation. Amino-terminal protein sequence was obtained and was shown to be similar to that of human CD59. All these features suggest that SCIP is the sheep equivalent of human CD59. Human CD59 has been reported to be species selective in that it inhibits complement from relatively few species. However, SCIP efficiently inhibited lysis of guinea-pig erythrocytes by complement from a wide range of species tested indicating that it is a potent and non-selective inhibitor of the membrane attack complex of complement (MAC).
Consideration on Physical Layer Aspects of NR Systems in HST Scenarios (2019)

It is one of important 5G applications of 3GPP New Radio (NR) to provide high data rate services including HD video streaming or high speed Internet access on smartphone in a high speed train (HST). However, the current NR specification is not enough to satisfy QoS for the services in the HST scenario. In this paper, we evaluate NR system, and also provide the enhancements of physical layer aspects of NR system which includes demodulation reference signal pattern, resource element mapping, and numerology in order to improve the quality of high data rate services in the HST scenario. Link level simulations are used to supplement our considerations for the enhancements.
A–π–D–π–A based porphyrin for solution processed small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells (2015)

Device A<bold>VC117</bold>:PC<sub>71</sub>BM (THF cast), device B<bold>VC117</bold>:PC<sub>71</sub>BM (pyridine/THF) and device C<bold>VC117</bold>:PC<sub>71</sub>BM (pyridine/THF) with thermal annealing.
A dual-emission probe to detect moisture and water in organic solvents based on green-Tb3+ post-coordinated metal–organic frameworks with red carbon dots (2017)

Using p-phenylenediamine as a precursor, p-carbon dots (p-CDs) with strong red-light emission were encapsulated into a metal-organic framework (MOF) followed by introduction of green light-emitting Tb<sup>3+</sup> to form a two-color light-emitting hybrid (Tb<sup>3+</sup>@p-CDs/MOF). The as-prepared fluorescent-functionalized MOF not only maintained the excellent optical properties of p-CDs and Tb<sup>3+</sup> to give strong emission, but also had good chemical and physical properties. The chosen p-CDs were aggregated readily in water, which led to only very weak photoluminescence, whereas the opposite effect was noted in the organic solvents ethanol, dimethylformamide and cyclopropane. Therefore, the as-prepared hybrid showed different color light emission in water or organic solvents, and acted as a ratiometric and colorimetric fluorescent probe to detect water content in organic solvents. Moreover, this hybrid also served as a ratiometric luminescent sensor for detection of relative humidity (RH): the ratio of light intensity at 545 nm to that at 605 nm increased linearly with increasing RH from 33.0% to 85.1% in the atmosphere.
A survey of inter-domain peering and provisioning solutions for the next generation optical networks (2009)

The emergence of carrier grade transport technologies has led to a paradigm shift in inter-domain routing which became an important feature of the transport layer based on optical transmission and switching. While the new technologies have capabilities to provide end-to-end guaranteed quality of service (QoS), the lack of inter-operability between different technologies, administrative areas and control planes makes interdomain peering and provisioning below the conventional Internet Protocol (IP) layer a challenge. In this survey, we analyze various multi-domain routing models for emerging Layer 2 and WDM switched networks which have been proposed till date, and based on that survey, we highlight some open issues and future challenges pertaining to scalability, reliability, multi-domain QoS, control plane interworking and dynamic peering.
Establishment of Conditionally Immortalized Rat Retinal Pericyte Cell Lines (TR-rPCT) and Their Application in a Co-culture System Using Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cell Line (TR-iBRB2) (2003)

The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize a retinal pericyte cell line from retinal capillaries of transgenic rats harboring the temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene (tsA58 Tg rat), and to apply this to the co-culture with a retinal capillary endothelial cell line. The conditionally immortalized rat retinal pericyte cell lines (TR-rPCTs), which express a temperature-sensitive large T-antigen, were obtained from two tsA58 Tg rats. These cell lines had a multicellular nodule morphology and reacted positively with von Kossa staining, a marker of calcification. TR-rPCTs cells expressed mRNA of pericyte markers such as rat intercellular adhesion molecule-1, platelet-derived growth factor-receptor beta, angiopoietin-1, and osteopontin. Western blot analysis indicated that alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was expressed in TR-rPCT3 and 4 cells. In contrast, alpha-SMA was induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 and its enhancement was reduced by basic fibroblast growth factor in TR-rPCT1 and 2 cells. When TR-rPCT1 cells were cultured with a rat retinal endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB2) in a contact co-culture system, the number of TR-iBRB2 cells were significantly reduced in comparison with that of a single culture of TR-iBRB2 cells, suggesting that physical contact between pericytes and retinal endothelial cells is important for the growth of retinal endothelial cells. In conclusion, conditionally immortalized retinal pericyte cell lines were established from tsA58 Tg rats. These cell lines exhibited the properties of retinal pericytes and can be applied in co-culture systems with a retinal capillary endothelial cell line.
Accident and emergency medicine specialist registrars’ perceptions of the ‘essential’ aspects of a training placement (2003)

Abstract This study set out to identify the important aspects of training placements as perceived by specialist registrars (SpRs) in accident and emergency medicine (A&amp;EM). These data were to be used to gain greater insight into the collective wishes of this group in order to inform the development of quality assurance systems. A self‐administered questionnaire was developed from repertory grid data and was used to identify what were the ‘essential’, ‘useful’ and ‘not needed’ aspects of A&amp;EM training placements. The questionnaire covered ‘the job’, ‘the department’, ‘clinical experiences’, ‘support for learning’ and ‘training’. SpRs were also asked how frequently they wished certain activities to take place. The questionnaire was completed by 16 of the 17 A&amp;EM SpRs (94%) training in the Northern Deanery. Of the 82 statements submitted to the SpRs, 40% (33) were marked as ‘essential’ by 75% or more of the registrars. Aspects classed as ‘essential’ by the highest number of SpRs were concerned with the recognition of their role as learners within a service environment and with how their learning was supported. SpRs felt it was essential to be integrated into the work team with a clear role that was understood to combine ‘education’ and service provision. Although there was consensus, the findings also showed the SpRs’ individuality in terms of their learning and support needs. The study illustrates the complexity of defining quality indicators for evaluating training processes in work placements and suggests that quality lies not just in the components of a system for managing education but also in the flexibility of its application and in aspects of the ‘learning culture’.
Depth profiling of Al diffusion in silicon wafers by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2013)

Al diffusion in silicon wafers at different temperatures was detected by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in this work. An Al thin film with a thickness of about 800 nm was deposited on silicon wafers by magnetron sputtering and then post-annealed in air at 300 and 610 °C (or without post-annealing) to achieve different depth profiles. The depth profile of Al in the wafers was measured using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and LIBS. EDS almost can not distinguish between the different Al concentrations at deeper positions of the different samples due to its low detection limit. The LIBS experiment was performed in an atmospheric environment. The pulse fluence was fixed at 16 J cm−2 to cause an average ablation rate of 200 nm per pulse. LIBS can distinguish between the depth profiles of different diffusion samples very well. The results confirm that LIBS is very well suited for the detection of metal diffusion in silicon wafers.
Clinical Reasoning: A 22-year-old man presenting with headache and right leg jerks (2018)

A 22-year-old man with no pertinent medical history presented to our emergency department with headaches, nausea, vomiting, and right leg jerks. Two days prior, he developed a sudden-onset, throbbing headache that was 6/10 in severity involving his entire head. He denied photophobia/phonophobia or visual changes. He felt dizzy and lightheaded without room spinning. The next day, he noticed his right leg felt “heavy.” That evening, he had nausea and 2 episodes of emesis. The next morning, he awoke with insuppressible “twitches” in his entire right leg. These were not painful and occurred every few seconds at rest and with activity. No history of similar headaches, abnormal movements, trauma, seizures, sick contacts, or recent travel was noted. Family history was unremarkable. He had normal development, completed high school, and worked full-time installing solar panels.
Hydrogen sensors based on palladium electroplated fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) (1999)

The response of a new hydrogen sensor based on palladium electroplated Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) in 0.6&percnt; hydrogen at 95&deg;C is reported. A heat treatment at 150&deg;C in air is critical to fast sensor response.
Faunal Introductions to the Balearic Islands in the Early 1st Millennium Cal BC (2017)

Abstract Only domestic mammals (sheep, goat, cattle, pig, and dog) and two rodent species constituted the faunal package introduced to the Balearic Islands by the early settlers in the 3rd millennium cal BC. Later animal introductions in the archipelago were thought to occur by the end of the 1st millennium cal BC due to contacts with Punic merchants or, more than likely, to the Roman conquest of the islands. Recently, several faunal remains belonging to different vertebrates (red deer, chicken, and rabbit) were found in the Talayotic site of Cornia Nou (Minorca), in contexts that date to the early 1st millennium cal BC. A series of radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates was made directly on samples of small species to exclude the possibility of infiltration into lower layers. The obtained results show that chicken and rabbit were already present on Minorca in the early 1st millennium cal BC. Chicken is recorded in Phoenician colonies in south Iberia as early as the 8th century cal BC. Rabbit, on the other hand, is indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula. These new faunal introductions recorded in Minorca could be related to the Late Bronze and Phoenician maritime activity.
Quantifying the inherent uncertainty in the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater (1996)

Results from two surveys in S.E. England are used to illustrate and quantify the inherent uncertainty in the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater at the fundamental level of discharges from domestic appliances. The uncertainties in three principal areas are elucidated. Volumetric discharges are shown to vary significantly for several appliances particularly when used in “running to waste” mode. Pollutant load also varies and information is presented for a number of different appliance-pollutant combinations. The frequency of use is known to vary throughout the day, but figures are presented to quantify the extent of the spread of the data during each hour of the day. A means of integrating the various elements of uncertainty is proposed. Quantification should enable better control of treatment plants and improve forecasting of the influence of combined sewer overflows on receiving waters, hence enhancing the management of the associated risk.
An Efficient Electrochemical Tanks-in-Series Model for Lithium Sulfur Batteries (2020)

This article applies and efficiently implements the Tanks-in-Series methodology ( J. Electrochem. Soc. , 167 , 013534 (2020)) to generate a computationally efficient electrochemical model for Lithium-Sulfur batteries. The original Tank model approach for Lithium-ion batteries is modified to account for porosity changes with time. In addition, an exponential scaling method is introduced that enables efficient simulation of the model equations to address the wide range of time constants present for different reactions in the Lithium-Sulfur system. The Tank Model achieves acceptable voltage error even for transport-limited discharged conditions. Predictions of internal electrochemical variables are examined, and electrochemical implications of the approximations discussed. This suggests significant potential for real-time applications such as optimal charging, cell-balancing, and estimation, and represents a step forward in efforts to incorporate detailed electrochemical models in advanced Battery Management Systems for Lithium-Sulfur batteries.
Borrelia burgdorferi and Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides Induce Nitric Oxide and Interleukin-6 Production in Cultured Rat Brain Cells (1994)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, infects the central nervous system (CNS), but the factors that mediate inflammation and neurologic dysfunction are not known. Sonicated B. burgdorferi stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner the production of nitric oxide (NO) in glial-enriched primary cultures of neonatal rat brain cells via induction of NO synthase activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli also stimulated nitrite accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Stimulation of NO production by B. burgdorferi sonicate and E. coli LPS was associated with increased levels of mRNA coding for the cytokine-inducible form of NO synthase. B. burgdorferi sonicate also stimulated release of interleukin-6, with a concentration-response relationship similar to that for its stimulation of nitrite production, as did E. coli LPS. A competitive antagonist of E. coli LPS, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides lipid A, inhibited LPS-induced stimulation of NO synthase activity but markedly potentiated that of B. burgdorferi, indicating that the initial triggering mechanism of B. burgdorferi is distinct from that of E. coli LPS. Induction of NO synthase by bacterial agents within the brain may represent a common pathway of CNS inflammation and neurotoxicity.
CMOS Gas Sensor Array Platform with Fourier Transform Based Impedance Spectroscopy (2012)

A digital readout CMOS interface platform for gas sensor array is demonstrated in 0.35 μm CMOS process. The chip contains 27 sensor pixels where each pixel can be functionalized with a distinct gas sensing material. A sensor pixel can amplify and digitize the sensor signal and perform impedance spectroscopy up to 10 KHz. Signal amplification is achieved by digitally programmable gain stages and digitization is done using continuous-time ΔΣ modulator. An on-chip reference pixel is provided to compensate for the phase shift introduced by the signal processing blocks. This chip is validated by functionalizing a sensor pixel with polycarbazole conducting polymer for sensing acetone The chip consumes 57 mW of power at 3.3 V supply.
Development of Low NOx Combustion Structure in Coke Oven (2004)

One of the targets of the SCOPE21 process was to improve theproductivity. To achieve high productivity, the process was applied the following items; (1) ultra super dense brick, (2) thin wall (70 mm), (3) hot coal charging, (4) medium temperature carbonization. As the heat flux for carbonization was needed about 2 times as much as a conventional coke oven, the combustion technologies to achieve high productivity were investigated by using the actual scale combustion test oven. The combustion conditions to achieve low NOx in the waste gas and uniform heating for carbonization were clarified. The coke oven of the pilot plant was designed based on these results. The combustion targets of the low NOx and uniform heating were achieved in the test operation.
Role of spatial distortions on the quadratic nonlinear optical properties of octupolar organic and metallo-organic molecules (2007)

Following on the recent experimental demonstration of a discrepancy between the nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of several pi-conjugated chromophores and their assumed octupolar symmetry, the authors investigate how geometrical distortions influence the NLO response of multipolar push-pull molecules. Their analytical model is set on a basis of valence-bond and charge-transfer states to estimate the hyperpolarizability of organic and metallo-organic chromophores using the lowest possible number of variables. Since symmetry breakdown changes the definition of the molecular Cartesian framework, tensorial spherical coordinates are implemented. The evolution of the nonlinear molecular anisotropy with possible rotational deviations is then evaluated for two recently studied chromophores. Zero-frequency calculations show that, outside optical resonance, weak geometrical distortions lead to strong anisotropy variations in agreement with experimental data. Their goal is to underscore which molecular engineering strategies should be applied when designing a photoisomerizable nonlinear octupole.
Oxidized carbon black nanoparticles induce endothelial damage through C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-mediated pathway (2021)

Oxidation of engineered nanomaterials during application in various industrial sectors can alter their toxicity. Oxidized nanomaterials also have widespread industrial and biomedical applications. In this study, we evaluated the cardiopulmonary hazard posed by these nanomaterials using oxidized carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (CB<sub>ox</sub>) as a model particle. Particle surface chemistry was characterized by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Colloidal characterization and in vitro dosimetry modeling (particle kinetics, fate and transport modeling) were performed. Lung inflammation was assessed following oropharyngeal aspiration of CB or oxidized CB<sub>ox</sub> particles (20 μg per mouse) in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicity and functional assays were also performed on murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and endothelial cell lines (C166) with and without pharmacological inhibitors. Oxidant generation was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and via flow cytometry. Endothelial toxicity was evaluated by quantifying pro-inflammatory mRNA expression, monolayer permeability, and wound closure. XPS and FTIR spectra indicated surface modifications, the appearance of new functionalities, and greater oxidative potential (both acellular and in vitro) of CB<sub>ox</sub> particles. Treatment with CB<sub>ox</sub> demonstrated greater in vivo inflammatory potentials (lavage neutrophil counts, secreted cytokine, and lung tissue mRNA expression) and air-blood barrier disruption (lavage proteins). Oxidant-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling in macrophages led to the production of CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9,10,11). Conditioned medium from CB<sub>ox</sub>-treated macrophages induced significant elevation in endothelial cell pro-inflammatory mRNA expression, enhanced monolayer permeability and impairment of scratch healing in CXCR3 dependent manner. In summary, this study mechanistically demonstrated an increased biological potency of CB<sub>ox</sub> particles and established the role of macrophage-released chemical mediators in endothelial damage.
Modelo de Optimización aplicado a la agro-industria Colombiana: Plan logístico integrado para la exportación de feijoa fresca (2014)

La optimización es una herramienta matemática útil para la toma de decisiones en diversos sectores industriales. En este trabajo se propone un modelo matemático de programación lineal como apoyo para la toma de decisiones, que integra los eslabones de la cadena de exportación de feijoa en Colombia, desde la compra de la fruta fresca hasta la puesta en el puerto del país importador. El objetivo del modelo es maximizar la utilidad de la cadena sujeto a restricciones de producción, capacidad de alistamiento, empaque y satisfacción de la demanda para un periodo de planeación de doce meses. La búqueda de la solución óptima se realizó con el apoyo del software GAMS. Las respuestas que arroja el modelo permiten establecer políticas de compra, empaque y distribución de feijoa fresca en el mercado internacional y nacional.