gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Naphthyl‐ and Anthrylazoles from the Catalytic Coupling of Phenylazoles with Internal Alkynes through the Cleavage of Multiple CH Bonds (2008)

Bright light rings: The direct coupling of phenylazoles with an internal alkyne proceeds efficiently in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and a copper oxidant to selectively give either the 1-naphthyl- or 1-anthrylazole derivatives through the cleavage of multiple CH bonds (see scheme; 1-naphthylazole derivative not shown). Some of the products exhibit intense fluorescence in the solid state. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800924_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Neighbouring group effects. Part 2. Effect of epoxide on the hydrolysis of adjacent acetate groups (1980)

The presence of an epoxide at the 4,5-position of a steroid accelerates the hydrolysis of an acetate group at the 3β- or 6β-positions. This effect is also observed for a 1α-acetoxy-2β,3β-epoxide. A suitable fixed dipole–dipole orientation between the ester group and the adjacent polar group may be an important factor in the rate acceleration, since this neighbouring effect does not occur when a non-rigid side chain is present. Fluorine or bromine substitution at the 5α-position also enhances the rate of hydrolysis of a 6β-acetoxy-group.
Re-evaluation of chronopotentiometric data for adsorption of riboflavin (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRe-evaluation of chronopotentiometric data for adsorption of riboflavinPeter J. LinganeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 4, 541–542Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60248a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60248a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The old man and the I sea U (2014)

From the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Address for reprints: Robert H. Bartlett, MD, University of Michigan ECMO Lab, B560 MSRB II 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI; email: [email protected].
Strengths and Limitations of Intraoperative Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Spinal Cord and Spine Surgery (2014)

Objective : IIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM) has been proposed as a method to reduce perioperative neurologic complications. We monitored transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potentials (TES-MEP) in patients undergoing spinal cord and spine surgery, and evaluated their strengths and limitations of the monitoring.
Isolation and characterization of an avian hepatic binding protein specific for N-acetylglucosamine-terminated glycoproteins. (1977)

An hepatic receptor which recognizes and binds specifically to serum glycoproteins bearing terminal, nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residues has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography from chicken liver. The isolated binding protein has been characterized as a water-soluble glycoprotein in which sialic acid, galactose, mannose, and glucosamine comprise 8% of the total molecule. The binding reaction is a saturable process and is proportional to receptor concentration. Evidence has been adduced to indicate the presence of a single high affinity binding site with a dissociation constant of 1.4 x 10(-9) M. A single subunit has been identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate with an estimated molecular weight of 26,000. The chemical and physical properties of the avian protein have been evaluated with respect to the analogous hepatic protein, of mammalian origin, which exhibits a binding specificity for galactose-terminal serum glycoproteins.
Incident response management system based on alert life-circle (2005)

Based on the existing security incident response working scheme,a novel incident response management model is proposed in the paper,which is based on the concept of alert life-circle.An implementation structure of this new model is also given.The system can manage and control the incident response process according to its current state in its life-circle,and adjust the response actions as the environment changes.This model can provide an efficient response management and is beneficial to the implementation of automatic response as well.
Sol−Gel Derived Gold Nanoclusters in Silica Glass Possessing Large Optical Nonlinearities (2002)

Sol−gel derived gold/silica glasses, starting with Au sols prepared by two different methodologies, one without the aid of any external stabilizing agent and the other with silica-coated Au, are described. The optical absorption spectra show the typical surface plasmon resonance for Au at around 520−530 nm. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the existence of spherical Au particles in the silica matrix. The mean diameters of Au nanoclusters in gels and glasses vary from 10 to 20 nm and from 27 to 38 nm, respectively, supported by X-ray diffraction data. The third-order optical nonlinearities |χ(3)| determined by a degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method exhibit a higher value of 2.2 × 10-9 esu for a glass with 0.5 wt % Au heated at 600 °C indicating that a larger size induces an enhancement effect. This method also offers a greater χ(3)/α (α: absorption coefficient) value of 1 × 10-11 esu cm, which is comparable to those values obtained by a sputtering method. Thus, these novel Au−SiO2 nanocomposites fabricated by facile sol−gel methods render them potential candidates for photonic applications.
Increased Hepatic Oxygenation following Ethanol Administration in the Baboon (1977)

SummaryThe effects of ethanol on hepatic oxygenation were measured by hepatic vein catheterization in the baboon. Chronic alcohol administration resulted in slightly lower oxygen tension in the hepatic vein, but not ischemia, when measured after an overnight fast when alcohol was no longer present in the blood. Intravenous alcohol administration resulted in an increase in hepatic vein oxygen tension regardless of prior exposure to alcohol or the presence of liver disease. The increased oxygen tension after alcohol was associated with a marked increase in hepatic blood flow. These data in conjunction with the observation of progressive liver injury in the alcohol-fed animals support the concept that alcoholic liver injury can develop despite unimpaired hepatic oxygenation.
Landmine vibration modes (2003)

Recent experimental and theoretical studies in the field of seismo-acoustic landmine detection proved high potential of this technique. Investigations have also demonstrated that acoustic detection and discrimination of landmines is a complex problem dependent upon interaction between soil and buried mines and their respective properties. Vibration characteristics of a mines casing play a critical role in this problem. Our recent tests, for the first time, revealed the multi-modal vibrations of mines. It was observed that the resonance frequencies of the soil/mine system depend on the burial depth and soil conditions. The present study provides analysis of this phenomenon both experimentally and though physical modeling. The experimental investigations were focused on the effects of burial depth and soil moisture content on vibration response measured on the soil surface above the buried mine. The modeling efforts were based on the electro-mechanical analogy approach where each vibration mode was represented as an oscillator with its own effective parameters. The validity of this consideration was confirmed through comparison against conventional modal analysis approach. The study demonstrated good agreement between the developed model and experimental results.
Blockchain for Development in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

In the context of Informationand Communication Technologies (ICT) for Development (ICT4D), several efforts have been carried out over the last decades to help developing countries address their challenges. In times of a pandemic, such as the COVID-19, several of these challenges gain higher priority in development as they may become unmanageable with the developing world's resources. Blockchain is a disruptive technology that could potentially enable the sustainable addressing of some of them, and COVID-19 offers a unique and timely opportunity to operationalize it. Driven by the research question “In what areas can Blockchain help address development challenges during a pandemic?” we aim to understand its applicability in addressing crucial social problems in developing countries. While the literature analysis points towards several promising areas, there are also significant concerns that need to be understood and carefully addressed when considering Blockchain in the context of developing countries. The critical discourse in this work is expected to benefit a wide variety of technology, policy, and research stakeholders.
Security implications of typical Grid Computing usage scenarios (2002)

A Computational Grid is a collection of heterogeneous computers and resources spread across multiple administrative domains with the intent of providing users easy access to these resources. There are many ways to access the resources of a Computational Grid, each with unique security requirements and implications for both the resource user and the resource provider. A comprehensive set of Grid usage scenarios is presented and analyzed with regard to security requirements such as authentication, authorization, integrity, and confidentiality. The main value of these scenarios and the associated security discussions is to provide a library of situations against which an application designer can match, thereby facilitating security-aware application use and development from the initial stages of the application design and invocation. A broader goal of these scenarios is to increase the awareness of security issues in Grid Computing. The purpose of this paper is to review the various Grid usage scenarios and analyze their security requirements and implications.
Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in Retinal Damage after High Intraocular Pressure–Induced Ischemia in Rats (2007)

The original observation that retinal ischemia-reperfusion reduces endogenous AEA via enhanced expression of FAAH supports the deduction that this is implicated in retinal cell loss caused by high IOP in the RGC layer.
Detecting end-member structural and biological elements of a coral reef using a single-beam acoustic ground discrimination system (2011)

A thematic map of benthic habitat was produced for a coral reef in the Republic of Palau, utilizing hydroacoustic data acquired with a BioSonics DT-X echosounder and a single-beam 418 kHz digital transducer. This article describes and assesses a supervised classification scheme that used a series of three discriminant analyses (DAs) to refine training samples into end-member structural and biological elements utilizing E1′ (leading edge of first echo), E1 (trailing edge of first echo), E2 (complete second echo), fractal dimension (first echo shape) and depth as predictor variables. Hydroacoustic training samples were assigned to one of six predefined groups based on the plurality of benthic elements (sand, sparse submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV)) rubble, pavement, rugose hardbottom, branching coral) that were visually estimated from spatially co-located ground-truthing videos. Records that classified incorrectly or failed to exceed a minimum probability of group membership were removed from the training data set until only ‘pure’ end-member records remained. This refinement of ‘mixed’ training samples circumvented the dilemma typically imposed by the benthic heterogeneity of coral reefs, that is either train the acoustic ground discrimination system (AGDS) on homogeneous benthos and leave the heterogeneous benthos unclassified, or attempt to capture the many ‘mixed’ classes and overwhelm the discriminatory capability of the AGDS. It was made possible by a conjunction of narrow beam width (6.4°) and shallow depth (1.2 to 17.5 m), which produced a sonar footprint small enough to resolve the microscale features used to define benthic groups. Survey data classified from the third-pass training DA were found to: (i) conform to visually apparent contours of satellite imagery, (ii) agree with the structural and biological delineations of a benthic habitat map (BHM) created from visual interpretation of IKONOS imagery and (iii) yield values of benthic cover that agreed closely with independent, contemporaneous video transects. The methodology was proven on a coral reef environment for which high-quality satellite imagery existed, as an example of the potential for single-beam systems to thematically map coral reefs in deep or turbid settings where optical methods are not applicable.
Age and Outcomes in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2011)

Older patients have lower rates of acute procedural success and more postinfarction complications. Age is the strongest predictor of 90-day mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing PPCI. Despite implementing PPCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in older patients, early risk remains high, necessitating continued focus on improving outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Context Awareness in Next Generation of Mobile Core Networks (2016)

Context awareness is an important enabler for next generation of Mobile Core Networks (MCN). However there exist a number of challenges in this regard. For example how to develop a framework which 1) is able to generate context richer than what is available today; 2) allows reusability of context across the network; 3) provides a mechanism for exposing context to third parties; and 4) can bring together "big data" for mobile core network optimization. In this work, we introduce a context awareness framework addressing the aforementioned challenges but also taking into account the 3GPP standardization activities related to context awareness in MCN. Within this framework we propose Context Generation and Handling Function (CGHF) which generates rich context by processing information from various sources and then handles its distribution through an efficient publish subscribe mechanism. In addition we provide examples where context can be used to optimize control plane decision making. While the focus of this work is on the use of context for MCN, we still believe such context can be also used by applications (at the edge as well as in data centers) and third party services to improve their operations and providing new unforeseen services.
Engineering electro-optics in SiGe/Si waveguides for quantum transduction (2020)

Abstract High efficiency microwave-optical transduction for quantum-state transfer remains an outstanding technical challenge. Resonant electro-optic transduction via three-wave mixing is an attractive solution, with a simple operating principle that does not rely on intermediate quantum states. However, the intrinsic optical and microwave losses of electro-optic materials with large Pockels coefficients have limited the conversion efficiency of existing devices. Here, we show that an optimal conversion efficiency can be achieved with a relatively weak linear electro-optic material, as long as both the optical and microwave quality factors are high. We then discuss specific designs for electro-optic quantum transducers based on superconducting microwave resonators coupled to SiGe/Si ring resonators. We theoretically show that applying an electric field to the SiGe/Si waveguides induces an effective Pockels effect, allowing three-wave mixing without introducing loss. Together with its excellent compatibility with superconducting qubit fabrication, these nonlinear optical properties promise to make the SiGe/Si platform an exciting avenue for quantum-state frequency conversion.
Mucin‐Inspired, High Molecular Weight Virus Binding Inhibitors Show Biphasic Binding Behavior to Influenza A Viruses (2020)

Multivalent binding inhibitors are a promising new class of antivirals that prevent virus infections by inhibiting virus binding to cell membranes. The design of these inhibitors is challenging as many properties, for example, inhibitor size and functionalization with virus attachment factors, strongly influence the inhibition efficiency. Here, virus binding inhibitors are synthesized, the size and functionalization of which are inspired by mucins, which are naturally occurring glycosylated proteins with high molecular weight (MDa range) and interact efficiently with various viruses. Hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 2600 kDa are synthesized, thereby hitting the size of mucins and allowing for determining the impact of inhibitor size on the inhibition efficiency. The hPGs are functionalized with sialic acids and sulfates, as suggested from the structure of mucins, and their inhibition efficiency is determined by probing the inhibition of influenza A virus (IAV) binding to membranes using various methods. The largest, mucin-sized inhibitor shows potent inhibition at pm concentrations, while the inhibition efficiency decreases with decreasing the molecular weight. Interestingly, the concentration-dependent IAV inhibition shows a biphasic behavior, which is attributed to differences in the binding affinity of the inhibitors to the two IAV envelope proteins, neuraminidase, and hemagglutinin.
Use of Adaptive Injection Strategies to Increase the Full Load Limit of RCCI Operation (2015)

Dual-fuel combustion using port-injection of low reactivity fuel combined with direct injection of a higher reactivity fuel, otherwise known as Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI), has been shown as a method to achieve low-temperature combustion with moderate peak pressure rise rates, low engine-out soot and NOx emissions, and high indicated thermal efficiency. A key requirement for extending to high-load operation is moderating the reactivity of the premixed charge prior to the diesel injection. One way to accomplish this is to use a very low reactivity fuel such as natural gas. In this work, experimental testing was conducted on a 13L multi-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine modified to operate using RCCI combustion with port injection of natural gas and direct injection of diesel fuel. Engine testing was conducted at an engine speed of 1200 RPM over a wide variety of loads and injection conditions. The impact on dual-fuel engine performance and emissions with respect to varying the fuel injection parameters is quantified within this study. The injection strategies used in the work were found to affect the combustion process in similar ways to both conventional diesel combustion and RCCI combustion for phasing control and emissions performance. As the load is increased, the port fuel injection quantity was reduced to keep peak cylinder pressure and maximum pressure rise rate under the imposed limits. Overall, the peak load using the new injection strategy was shown to reach 22 bar BMEP with a peak brake thermal efficiency of 47.6%.
Decoupling design of multivariable generalised predictive control (1994)

For many multivariable systems, because of the strong cross coupling between controlled variables, it is important to design the decoupling controller. The paper presents a decoupling design of multivariable generalised predictive control by combining feedforward control with multivariable generalised predictive control, which can realise decoupling control for systems with arbitrary time delay structure.
An Effective Counterselection System for Listeria monocytogenes and Its Use To Characterize the Monocin Genomic Region of Strain 10403S (2016)

Construction of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> mutants by allelic exchange has been laborious and time-consuming due to lack of proficient selection markers for the final recombination event, that is, a marker conveying substance sensitivity to the bacteria bearing it, enabling the exclusion of merodiploids and selection for plasmid loss. In order to address this issue, we engineered a counterselection marker based on a mutated phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene (<i>pheS*</i>). This mutation renders the phenylalanine-binding site of the enzyme more promiscuous and allows the binding of the toxic <i>p</i>-chloro-phenylalanine analog (<i>p</i>-Cl-phe) as a substrate. When <i>pheS*</i> is introduced into <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and highly expressed under control of a constitutively active promoter, the bacteria become sensitive to <i>p</i>-Cl-phe supplemented in the medium. This enabled us to utilize <i>pheS*</i> as a negative selection marker and generate a novel, efficient suicide vector for allelic exchange in <i>L. monocytogenes</i> We used this vector to investigate the monocin genomic region in <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strain 10403S by constructing deletion mutants of the region. We have found this region to be active and to cause bacterial lysis upon mitomycin C treatment. The future applications of such an effective counterselection system, which does not require any background genomic alterations, are vast, as it can be modularly used in various selection systems (e.g., genetic screens). We expect this counterselection marker to be a valuable genetic tool in research on <i>L. monocytogenes</i><b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>L. monocytogenes</i> is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen and a widely studied model organism. An efficient counterselection marker is a long-standing need in <i>Listeria</i> research for improving the ability to design and perform various genetic manipulations and screening systems for different purposes. We report the construction and utilization of an efficient suicide vector for allelic exchange which can be conjugated, leaves no marker in the bacterial chromosome, and does not require the use of sometimes leaky inducible promoters. This highly efficient genome editing tool for <i>L. monocytogenes</i> will allow for rapid sequential mutagenesis, introduction of point mutations, and design of screening systems. We anticipate that it will be extensively used by the research community and yield novel insights into the diverse fields studied using this model organism.