gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: current management (2006)

This second section of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) Consensus on the management of Crohn's disease concerns treatment of active disease, maintenance of medically induced remission, and surgery. The first section on definitions and diagnosis includes the aims and methods of the consensus, as well as sections on diagnosis, pathology, and classification of Crohn's disease. The third section on special situations in Crohn's disease includes postoperative recurrence, fistulating disease, paediatrics, pregnancy, psychosomatics, extraintestinal manifestations, and alternative therapy for Crohn's disease.
Prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and pyloric stenosis: Histological differentiation (1994)

The clinicopathology of gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis was examined with special reference to histological differentiation. One hundred sixteen patients treated in Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Hospital, were classified into differentiated (DT: n = 47) and undifferentiated types (UT: n = 69). The UT group was significantly younger than the DT group (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the incidence of serosal invasion, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and the clinical stage between the groups. The incidence of peritoneal dissemination of the UT group was 41% (28/69), a value significantly higher than the 23% (11/47) for the DT group (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rates of the DT and UT groups were 27% and 16%, respectively, with survival time for the UT group being significantly less than that of the DT group (P < 0.05). In patients with pyloric stenosis and an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma with the risk of peritoneal dissemination, intensive adjuvant chemotherapy seems essential to improve the prognosis.
Vapor‐Phase Etching of InP Using Anhydrous HCl and  PH 3 Gas (1986)

In situ etching of the substrate surface for vapor-phase epitaxy is a useful technique for obtaining a smooth and damage-free surface prior to the growth. Previous work showed that the incorporation of in situ etching of InP substrate with anhydrous HCl gas resulted in a significant improvement in the surface morphologies for MOVPE-grown InGaAs/InP and InP epitaxial layers. However, the experiment on the HCl etching of the InP substrate for a wide temperature range has not been performed as yet. In this note, the authors describe the effect of the substrate temperature on the etching morphology of InP substrate by using the anhydrous HCl and PH/sub 3/ gases. In the experiment, they used a standard MOVPE horizontal system. A quartz reactor tube in a 60 mm ID, 60 cm long, was employed.
Abnormal accumulation of NACP/alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders. (1998)

The precursor of the non-Abeta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NACP) (also known as a-synuclein) is a presynaptic terminal molecule that accumulates in the plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that a mutation in NACP is associated with familial Parkinson's disease, and that Lewy bodies are immunoreactive with antibodies against this molecule. To clarify the patterns of accumulation and differences in abnormal compartmentalization, we studied NACP immunoreactivity using double immunolabeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy in the cortex of patients with various neurodegenerative disorders. In Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, and Parkinson's disease, NACP was found to immunolabel cortical Lewy bodies, abnormal neurites, and dystrophic neurites in the plaques. Double-labeling studies showed that all three of these neuropathological structures also contained ubiquitin, synaptophysin, and neurofilament (but not tau) immunoreactivity. In contrast, neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, Pick bodies, ballooned neurons, and glial tangles (most of which were tau positive) were NACP negative. These results support the view that NACP specifically accumulates in diseases related to Lewy bodies such as Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease, diffuse Lewy body disease, and Parkinson's disease and suggests a role for this synaptic protein in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
The Effect of Intake and Exhaust Pulsating Flow on the Volumetric Efficiency in a Diesel Engine (2006)

The pressure fluctuation in the intake and exhaust pipe of 4 stroke-cycle diesel engine is caused by reciprocating motion of piston for suction of fresh air and exhaust of burned gas. this gas dynamic effect can be utilized for increase the volumetric efficiency. Many empirical studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of intake pulsating flow on the volumetric efficiency. However, when the gas dynamic effects are utilized for the variable speed engine to increase its performance, The speed range in which the maximum volumetric efficiency is limited and there occurs some difficulties in lay-out of intake system because it become too long. During induction process, as waves travel both directions, they are reflected and interacted each other and pressure waves are transmitted through it. Hence, the flow becomes more complex and unsteady flow. These pressure waves act upon intake pulsating flow and affects on the volumetric efficiency. In this paper the effects of pulsating flow of intake and exhaust pipes on volumetric efficiency were examined and evaluated. It was found that volumetric efficiency was affected by pulsating flow of intake and exhaust pipes.
Validation of a peak endocardial acceleration-based algorithm to optimize cardiac resynchronization: early clinical results (2008)

The concordance of the PEA(area) method with measurements of LV dP/dt(max) suggests that this new, operator-independent algorithm is a reliable means of CRT optimization.
Measurement of gas-concentration-driven permeation for the examination of permeability, solubility, and diffusivity in varying materials (2020)

This manuscript describes the development and operation of an apparatus for the measurement of steady-state and transient gas permeation through different types of solid materials with varying geometries. It is capable of operation from 293 K to 673 K and could theoretically be used with any non-corrosive gas or a mix of gases, although only hydrogen isotopes are used in the current study. A quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to measure permeation fluxes as low as 10<sup>11</sup> molecules/s. This unique test setup allows for the simultaneous measurement of diffusivity, solubility, and permeability. Furthermore, varying the pressure in the fore-sample volume allows for tests of Sievert's law and can give information on surface effects.
Measurement of Fluorescence in a Rhodamine-123 Doped Self-Assembled “Giant” Mesostructured Silica Sphere Using a Smartphone as Optical Hardware (2011)

The blue OLED emission from a mobile phone was characterised, revealing a sharp emission band centred at λ = 445 nm with a 3dB bandwidth Δλ ∼ 20 nm. It was used to excite Rhodamine 123 doped within a "giant" mesostructured silica sphere during fabrication through evaporative self-assembly of silica nanoparticles. Fluorescence was able to be detected using a standard optical microscope fitted with a green transmission pass filter and cooled CCD and with 1 ms exposure time demonstrating the potential of mobile platforms as the basis for portable diagnostics in the field.
Utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-collision induced dissociation for the generation of structural information from poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (1997)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-collision induced dissociation (MALDI-CID) has been employed for the analysis of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s in a tandem hybrid sector-time of flight instrument. Spectra are shown for adducts of poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl methacrylate) with sodium ions. It is proposed that the masses of the end groups may be inferred from the data for the polymers. Mechanisms are proposed for the formation of some of the series of ion peaks that are observed in the MALDI-CID spectra.
Contractility and myosin heavy chain content of skeletal muscle engineered from adult and aged rats (2021)

Functional three-dimensional skeletal muscle constructs (myooids) were engineered from myogenic cells harvested from the muscles of adult and aged rats. Myooids formed by self-organization of myogenic cells in the absence of an artificial scaffold and were maintained in culture. Myooid excitability and contractility were measured at days 1, 3, 7, and 24 after myooid formation. Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) content was measured and MHC isoforms were separated on SDS-PAGE gels and quantified. Adult and aged rat myooids had only ~35-60% of the skeletal muscle MHC content of control skeletal muscle from rats, the remaining MHC content consisting of isoforms found in cultured fibroblasts but not in control skeletal muscle. In addition, myooids expressed only developmental isoforms of skeletal muscle MHC, known to generate less specific force than adult isoforms. Myooids from aged rats generated greater normalized force than myooids from adult rats, but only 1-3% of that for adult skeletal muscle controls. Normalizing for skeletal muscle MHC content and isoform expression predicts myooid forces of ~6-18% of control adult skeletal muscles. We hypothesize that the remaining force deficit is due to cellular and sub-cellular disorganization—Myooids lack the density and organization of sarcomeric arrays seen in skeletal muscle.
8.4L: Late‐News Paper : Technology Study for a 4K×2K High Frame Rate (240fps) Projector (2009)

Abstract We had a technology study for a 4K 240fps SXRD projector. The projector was designed to meet superior specifications, including 8.8 million pixels resolution, as well as 240fps frame rate. Results of perceptual motion blur measurement show that the proposed high frame rate significantly reduces perceived blur.
Prediction of the Hydrogen Content of Petroleum Fractions (1997)

A simple and new method for the accurate prediction of the hydrogen content of petroleum fractions is presented. The new method is inferred from the concept of the molar additivity of the structural contributions of the carbon types in the average hydrocarbon molecule. It requires only basic physical properties such as the density and refractive index at 20 °C, and the 50 wt % true boiling point. The influence of heteroatoms and olefinic bonds was found to be largely implicit, except for oxygen. By its fundamental basis this new correlation features an unparalleled precision equivalent to that of the most accurate but time-consuming analytical methods. This is demonstrated by an included data set.
Combination of microfluidic chip and electrostatic atomization for the preparation of drug-loaded core–shell nanoparticles (2019)

To overcome the shortcoming of drug-loaded nanoparticles, such as high initial burst release and wide size distribution, a novel manufacturing technique for core-shell structure nanoparticle was developed by combining microfluidic chip and electrohydrodynamic atomization. In this study, the mixture solution of the surfactant 1, 2- dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol and the polymeric coating material polylactic-glycolic-acid was introduced into the outer microchannel of the microfluidic chip as the particle's shell. And the encapsulated drug paclitaxel was pumped into the inner microchannel as the core. Then, the particles with a nanoscale-size core-shell structure were generated by applying an electric field on the laminar flow which was formed in the microfluidic chip. Operation parameters, including working voltage, carrier material and surfactant concentration as well as liquid flow rates were optimized for nanoparticles generation. The properties of drug-loaded nanoparticles in terms of their particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the particle size was approximately 145 nm and encapsulation efficiency reached 92%. Moreover, the drug release of these nanoparticles could be prolonged over a significant period for more than ten days. It can be expected that this innovative approach could provide a useful platform for drug-loaded core-shell nanoparticles developing.
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME MEASURES IN A PHASE ONE TRIAL OF CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN TYPE 2 IDIOPATHIC MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA (2017)

The authors found a good correlation between ellipsoid zone break area and function loss. En face OCT mapping of the ellipsoid zone appears to demonstrate structural change before mesopic microperimetry can detect a focal loss of retinal sensitivity. Thresholding offers a quick alternative to calculating aggregate sensitivity loss.
Röntgenbefunde beim Globus-Syndrom (1973)

1. Es wird über das Resultat von Röntgenuntersuchungen von Vestibulum gastro-ösophageale, Magen und Duodenum bei 77 Patienten (22 ♂ und 55 ♀) mit einem Globus-Syndrom berichtet.
Anti‐αLβ2 antibodies reveal novel endocytotic cross‐modulatory functionality (2020)

The present study identifies endocytotic cross-modulation as a hitherto unknown non-canonical functionality of anti-αLβ2 antibodies. This cross-modulation has the potential to fundamentally alter an antibody's benefit risk profile, as evident with efalizumab. The newly described phenomenon may be of relevance to other therapeutic antibodies targeting cluster-forming receptors. Thus, pharmacologists should be cognizant of this action when investigating such antibodies.
Pseudomorphs of Low Microcline After Adularia Fourlings from the Alto Da Cabeca (Boqueirao) and Morro Redondo Pegmatites, Brazil (2012)

Potassium feldspar crystals from the Alto da Cabeca
(Boqueirao), Rio Grande do Norte (sample BQ) and the Morro
Redondo, Minas Gerais (sample MR) pegmatites in Brazil have a
typical adularia fourling habit consisting of a combination of
Baveno and Manebach twins. Crystal morphology suggests a
monoclinic symmetry, but XRPD measurements and TEM experiments
show that the samples are low microcline. Calculated values of
triclinicity [Delta = 0.915 (BQ) and Delta = 0.9225 (MR)], cell
parameters [a 8.587(4), b 12.969(4), c 7.223(2) angstrom, alpha
90.66(3) beta 115.97(4), gamma 87.69(3)degrees for BQ and a
8.584(3), b 12.970(3), c 7.225(2) angstrom, alpha 90.66(3) beta
115.97(3), gamma 87.74(3)degrees for MR), t(1)o occupancy of Al
[0.99 (BQ) and 0.98 (MR)], order index [Delta(SM) = 0.97 (BQ)
and Delta(SM) = 0.99 (MR)] and Sigma Al at the T-1 sites [98.6%
(BQ) and 99.5% (MR)] reveal a triclinic symmetry and a high
state of order for the samples of potassium feldspar.
Transmission electron microscopy and selected-area
electron-diffraction investigations of the crystals show that
they are compositionally homogeneous, without exsolution
lamellae of other phases. The electron-diffraction patterns
show no splitting of any reflection and no streaking, and thus
indicate ideal order in both samples. According to crystal
morphology and the results on submicroscopic scale, we conclude
that in this case adularia samples have a completely ordered
structure. The measurements and calculations demonstrate that
they are highly ordered, i.e., maximum microcline. Adularia
pseudomorphs are highly ordered triclinic feldspar developed
through transformation of a monoclinic parent.
iFRET: An Improved Fluorescence System for DNA-Melting Analysis (2002)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool for detecting spatial relationships between macromolecules, one use of which is the tracking of DNA hybridization status. The process involves measuring changes in fluorescence as FRET donor and acceptor moieties are brought closer together or moved farther apart as a result of DNA hybridization/denaturation. In the present study, we introduce a new version of FRET, which we term induced FRET (iFRET), that is ideally suited for melting curve analysis. The innovation entails using a double-strand, DNA-specific intercalating dye (e.g., SYBR Green I) as the FRET donor, with a conventional FRET acceptor affixed to one of the DNA molecules. The SNP genotyping technique dynamic allele specific hybridization (DASH) was used as a platform to compare iFRET to two alternative fluorescence strategies, namely, the use of the intercalating dye alone and the use of a standard FRET pair (fluorescein as donor, 6-rhodamine as acceptor). The iFRET configuration combines the advantages of intercalating dyes, such as high signal strengths and low cost, with maintaining the specificity and multiplex potential afforded by traditional FRET detection systems. Consequently, iFRET represents a fresh and attractive schema for monitoring interactions between DNA molecules.
Reactivity of Ozone with Solid Potassium Iodide Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (2008)

The reaction of ozone with the (100) plane of solid potassium iodide (KI) was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The reaction forming potassium iodate (KIO{sub 3}) initiates at step edges prior to reacting on the flat terraces. Small domains of KIO{sub 3}, initially 3.8 {angstrom} in height are formed on the top of step edges. Following reaction at the step edge, domains of KIO{sub 3} are formed across the terraces. With prolonged exposure to ozone, KIO{sub 3} domains nucleate further growth until the surface is evenly covered with KIO{sub 3} particles that are 4-6 nm in height, at which point the surface is passivated and the reaction terminates.
Regulation of bile acid synthesis in man. Presence of a diurnal rhythm. (1983)

Regulation of bile acid synthesis in man is incompletely understood, in part because of difficulty in making measurements over short time periods when the enterohepatic circulation is intact. We investigated the possibility of a diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis in three human subjects given [26-14C]cholesterol. When this isotope of cholesterol, which is randomly labeled in the 26 and 27 positions, is converted to bile acid, the 14C is released as propionic acid randomly labeled in the 1 and 3 positions. The labeled propionic acid is then oxidized to 14CO2, output of which is a function of bile acid synthesis. However, delays in transit of the 14C through propionic acid and CO2-HCO-3 pools would shift the phase and dampen the amplitude of 14CO2 output relative to an existing diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis. Therefore, using constant infusion methods, we determined the turnover constants for conversion to 14CO2 of [1-14C]propionic acid and [3-14C]propionic acid to be 0.36-0.59 h-1 and 0.14-0.16 h-1, respectively. Using these constants and modeling the diurnal rhythm as a cosine function, we determined that amplitude of 14CO2 output from [26-14C]cholesterol was reduced 35% and acrophase was delayed 2.4-3.0 h relative to the diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis. None of the diurnal rhythm in 14CO2 output from [26-14C]cholesterol resulted from diurnal variation in propionic acid or CO2-HCO-3 metabolism since constant infusion of [1-14C]propionic acid and [3-14C]propionic acid for 30 h revealed no diurnal variation in output of 14CO2. These studies demonstrate for the first time that humans with an intact enterohepatic circulation have a diurnal rhythm of bile acid synthesis with an amplitude of +/- 35-55% around mean synthesis, and an acrophase at about 9 a.m.
A Metastable p-Type Semiconductor as a Defect-Tolerant Photoelectrode (2021)

A p-type Cu<sub>3</sub>Ta<sub>7</sub>O<sub>19</sub> semiconductor was synthesized using a CuCl flux-based approach and investigated for its crystalline structure and photoelectrochemical properties. The semiconductor was found to be metastable, i.e., thermodynamically unstable, and to slowly oxidize at its surfaces upon heating in air, yielding CuO as nano-sized islands. However, the bulk crystalline structure was maintained, with up to 50% Cu(I)-vacancies and a concomitant oxidation of the Cu(I) to Cu(II) cations within the structure. Thermogravimetric and magnetic susceptibility measurements showed the formation of increasing amounts of Cu(II) cations, according to the following reaction: Cu<sub>3</sub>Ta<sub>7</sub>O<sub>19</sub> + x/2 O<sub>2</sub> → Cu<sub>(3-x)</sub>Ta<sub>7</sub>O<sub>19</sub> + x CuO (surface) (x = 0 to ~0.8). With minor amounts of surface oxidation, the cathodic photocurrents of the polycrystalline films increase significantly, from <0.1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> up to >0.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, under visible-light irradiation (pH = 6.3; irradiant powder density of ~500 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>) at an applied bias of -0.6 V vs. SCE. Electronic structure calculations revealed that its defect tolerance arises from the antibonding nature of its valence band edge, with the formation of defect states in resonance with the valence band, rather than as mid-gap states that function as recombination centers. Thus, the metastable Cu(I)-containing semiconductor was demonstrated to possess a high defect tolerance, which facilitates its high cathodic photocurrents.
An architecture for the design of TMN applications (2002)

An architecture for the production of applications for the TMN (telecommunications management network) is described. The concept of model based management, described in the RACE Project-ADVANCE, suggests that a network should be managed by manipulating a model of that network. This concept is developed through a number of stages, resulting in an architecture for TMN applications. The application architecture is described in terms of information models. It is shown how this application architecture is mapped on to the concepts described in CCITT TMN M.3010 (draft recommendation) and the human machine interface (HMI) reference model described in CCITT Z.352 (draft recommendation). The advantages of the architecture in terms of TMN evolution and the opportunities for interoperability between management systems are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Frequency limitations of coupler-based calibrations of the pressure sensitivity of measurement microphones. (2008)

Calibration of the pressure sensitivity of measurement microphones in a coupler requires by definition that the incident pressure be uniform over the surface of the microphone diaphragm. This requirement is readily satisfied at frequencies up to the cut in frequencies of the radial modes and, if the microphone is not azimuthally symmetric, the spin modes. Above the lowest natural frequency of either of these modes, the uniformity of the pressure distribution will be destroyed. This effect is alluded to in current standards, ANSI S1.15-2005/Part 2 and IEC 61094-5:2001, but the suggested countermeasure “to use more than one coupler with different dimensions” or to compare “calibrations performed in a variety of other jigs and couplers” does not resolve the problem. Specification of the maximum excitation frequency to preserve pressure uniformity in a coupler is presented for several laboratory standard and working standard microphones.
Pregabalin Drug Interaction Studies: Lack of Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Lamotrigine, and Valproate in Patients with Partial Epilepsy (2005)

Trough steady-state concentrations of CBZ (and its epoxide metabolite), PHT, LTG, and VPA were unaffected by concomitant PGB administration. Likewise, PGB steady-state pharmacokinetic parameter values were similar among patients receiving CBZ, PHT, LTG, or VPA and, in general, were similar to those observed historically in healthy subjects receiving PGB alone. The PGB-AED combinations were generally well tolerated. PGB may be added to VPA, LTG, PHT, or CBZ therapy without concern for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.