gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DoD Take a Knee. Let the NGOs Continue to Lead (2008)

Abstract : Failing social systems and failing governments in the third world leave the U.S. government searching for ways to leverage the capabilities and expertise of non- governmental organizations to help reverse these trends. Small steps towards a solution appear to be underway but they fall short of the need to build long-term trusting relationships foster transparent activities and achieve the complementary results necessary to garner the enduring support of the non-governmental organizations This essay examines three strategic alternatives to synergize efforts between U.S. government agencies and the non-governmental organizations conducting worldwide developmental assistance activities. Each alternative represents a viable solution with appealing aspects to be leveraged and concerning aspects to be mitigated. The three alternatives are weighed against the combined concepts of organizational identity and levels of trust theory to determine which best fosters enduring relationships transparency and yields the greater potential for strategic success. A best strategic alternative is recommended.
<title>Ultrafast pulse generation in fiber lasers</title> (1991)

We have investigated several techniques for generating ultrashort pulses from fiber lasers. The actively modelocked erbium-doped fiber laser has produced pulses as short as 4 psec at a wavelength of 1530 nm. We have also generated pulses as short as 160 fsec in a synchronously pumped fiber Raman soliton laser. The importance of group velocity dispersion in these laser systems and the advantages of each modelocking technique are reviewed.
Differential Methylation of Epstein-Barr Virus Latency Promoters Facilitates Viral Persistence in Healthy Seropositive Individuals (1999)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a life-long infection in humans, with distinct viral latency programs predominating during acute and chronic phases of infection. Only a subset of the EBV latency-associated antigens present during the acute phase of EBV infection are expressed in the latently infected memory B cells that serve as the long-term EBV reservoir. Since the EBV immortalization program elicits a potent cellular immune response, downregulation of viral gene expression in the long-term latency reservoir is likely to facilitate evasion of the immune response and persistence of EBV in the immunocompetent host. Tissue culture and tumor models of restricted EBV latency have consistently demonstrated a critical role for methylation of the viral genome in maintaining the restricted pattern of latency-associated gene expression. Here we extend these observations to demonstrate that the EBV genomes in the memory B-cell reservoir are also heavily and discretely methylated. This analysis reveals that methylation of the viral genome is a normal aspect of EBV infection in healthy immunocompetent individuals and is not restricted to the development of EBV-associated tumors. In addition, the pattern of methylation very likely accounts for the observed inhibition of the EBV immortalization program and the establishment and maintenance of a restricted latency program. Thus, EBV appears to be the first example of a parasite that usurps the host cell-directed methylation system to regulate pathogen gene expression and thereby establish a chronic infection.
[Peroral test involving 4-(N-acetyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid in children with mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. (1978)

We propose a new set of hydrodynamic equations for flow of 3He. The Mechanical Vacuum model, in which mutual friction is neglected, and an earlier model without viscous force, proposed by the authors, are limiting cases of this new description. An experimental set-up is devised in which both forces play an important role. The results of this experiment are reported and are in agreement with the theory.
Imaging Findings of Urinary Tuberculosis on Excretory Urography and Computerized Tomography (2003)

When the 3 imaging patterns are shown on IVP and CT, tubercular cultures or biopsies are suggested to make the definite diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis. Thus, treatment can be initiated as early as possible.
Inhibition of tumor growth by chlorambucil conjugated to a new tumor targeting peptide vector (2008)

Inhibition of tumor growth by chlorambucil conjugated to a new tumor targeting peptide vector
RETRACTED: Human SIRT6 Promotes DNA End Resection Through CtIP Deacetylation (2010)

SIRT6 belongs to the sirtuin family of protein lysine deacetylases, which regulate aging and genome stability. We found that human SIRT6 has a role in promoting DNA end resection, a crucial step in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination. SIRT6 depletion impaired the accumulation of replication protein A and single-stranded DNA at DNA damage sites, reduced rates of homologous recombination, and sensitized cells to DSB-inducing agents. We identified the DSB resection protein CtIP [C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) interacting protein] as a SIRT6 interaction partner and showed that SIRT6-dependent CtIP deacetylation promotes resection. A nonacetylatable CtIP mutant alleviated the effect of SIRT6 depletion on resection, thus identifying CtIP as a key substrate by which SIRT6 facilitates DSB processing and homologous recombination. These findings further clarify how SIRT6 promotes genome stability.
MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO ALEMTUZUMAB INFUSION (2015)

In the 2-year, phase 3 CARE-MS studies of alemtuzumab in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, infusion-associated reactions (IARs) were the most common adverse events. Here we report on IARs during 4-year follow-up. Patients who were treatment-naive (CARE-MS I; NCT00530348 ) or with inadequate efficacy response to prior therapy (CARE-MS II; NCT00548405 ) received 2 annual courses of alemtuzumab 12 mg, and as-needed retreatment in an extension study ( NCT00930553 ). Patients received methylprednisolone on the first 3 days of each course. IARs were any adverse event occurring between start of infusion and within 24 hours after end of infusion. 742/811 alemtuzumab-treated patients entered extension. Over 4 years, 70.4% received only 2 initial treatment courses; 22.6% and 6.1% received 3 and 4 courses, respectively. IARs were most frequent in Course 1 (84.7%) versus Courses 2 (68.5%), 3 (65.7%), and 4 (71.1%); frequency decreased on infusion Days 2 and 3 versus Day 1. IARs were predominantly mild to moderate; none led to study withdrawal or death. Serious IAR incidence was 3.1%. Most common IARs were skin disorders (predominantly rash), headache, pyrexia, and nausea. One confirmed anaphylaxis and one non-anaphylactoid hypotension event resolved with treatment. Effective IAR management included premedication, infusion monitoring, symptomatic treatment, and infusion interruption/adjustment.
REPORT ON 600 CASES OF MICRO-CORNEAL LENSES FITTED WITH APICAL CLEARANCE (1963)

Orlando, Florida *Read before the annual meeting of the American Academy of Optometry, Section on Contact Lenses and Subnormal Vision Aids, Miami Beach. Florida, December 11, 1962. For publication in the June, 1963, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Optometrist. Fellow, American Academy of Optometry. P.O. Box 6186 Orlando, Florida
Limitations of drug registries to evaluate orphan medicinal products for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders (2011)

Orphan drugs are often approved under exceptional circumstances, requiring submission of additional data on safety and effectiveness through registries. These registries are mainly focused on one drug only and data is frequently incomplete. Some registries also address phenotypic heterogeneity and natural history data and publications on these aspects have contributed to the knowledge and awareness of these rare diseases. However, for the assessment of long-term outcomes and for cost-effectiveness, the incompleteness and variable quality of the data raises concerns on the usefulness of these registries. The existing registries for orphan drug treatments for lysosomal storage disorders (LSD's) illustrate these limitations. LSD's are inherited disorders of lysosomal metabolism with a wide variety in clinical symptoms, ranging from severe life-threatening neurological disease to mild or even asymptomatic cases. Their prevalence is extremely low and thus data is scarce and scattered all over Europe. In the past few years, several enzyme replacement therapies and an oral substrate inhibitor have been developed which provide lifelong treatment of LSD's. For Fabry disease, two enzymes were authorized at the same time resulting in two different drug registries being required by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to monitor effectiveness and safety. This has lead to patient data being divided between two separate registries which may have contributed to delays in the assessment of important outcomes. Three treatments (including a recently approved new enzyme) have now been authorized for Gaucher Disease and two other potential therapies are in the pipeline. Dividing up the data on Gaucher disease patients in to five separate registries benefits nobody. We argue that disease specific (rather than drug specific) registries, supervised by independent clinicians are urgently needed for the best long-term evaluation of treatments of these rare diseases.
The phase sensitivity and response time of an X-band dual channel microwave phase detector (2015)

An X-band dual channel microwave phase detector is measured at 10GHz with -180° to +180° phase difference in this paper. Moreover, the phase sensitivity and response time of this phase detector are investigated. This phase detector is fabricated based on GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) technique. Experiment results indicate that the measured results of phase detection are in good agreement with the calculated results. The phase sensitivity can reach to 14μV/°@10GHz and the response time is about 356μs.
Declarative Variables in Online Dating (2021)

Declarative variables of self-description have a long-standing tradition in matchmaking media. With the advent of online dating platforms and their brand positioning, the volume and semantics of variables vary greatly across apps. However, a variable landscape across multiple platforms, providing an in-depth understanding of the dating structure offered to users, has hitherto been absent in the literature. In this study, more than 300 declarative variables from 22 Anglophone and Francophone dating apps are examined. A mixed-method research design is used, combining hierarchical classification with an interview analysis of nine founders and developers in the industry. We present a new typology of variables in nine categories and a classification of dating apps, which highlights a double mimetic-distinctive mechanism in the variable definition and reflects the dating market. From the interviews, we extract three main factors concerning the economic and sociotechnical framework of coding practices, the actors' personal experience, and the development methodologies including user traces that influence this mechanism. This work, which to our knowledge is the most extensive thus far on dating app declarative variables, provides a new perspective on the analysis of the intersection between developers and users of online dating, which is mediated through variables, among other components.
The role of nonmuscle myosin 2A and 2B in the regulation of mesenchymal cell contact guidance (2019)

Contact guidance refers to the ability of cells to sense the geometrical features of the microenvironment and respond by changing their shape and adopting the appropriate orientation. Inhibition and ablation of nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) paralogues have demonstrated their importance for contact guidance. However, the specific roles of the NM2 paralogues have not been systematically studied. In this work we use micropatterned substrates to examine the roles of NM2A and NM2B and to elucidate the relationship of the microenvironment, actomyosin, and microtubules in contact guidance. We show that contact guidance is preserved following loss of NM2B and that expression of NM2A alone is sufficient to establish an appropriate orientation of the cells. Loss of NM2B and overexpression of NM2A result in a prominent cell polarization that is found to be linked to the increased alignment of microtubules with the actomyosin scaffold. Suppression of actomyosin with blebbistatin reduces cell polarity on a flat surface, but not on a surface with contact guidance cues. This indicates that the lost microtubule-actomyosin interactions are compensated for by microtubule-microenvironment interactions, which are sufficient to establish cell polarity through contact guidance.
Practical implementation of a multichannel equalizer for a propagation with ISI and CCI-application to a GSM link (2002)

For radiocommunication channels with propagation multipaths, the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI) at reception must be mitigated by an equalizer. Furthermore, when the link is perturbed by cochannel interference (CCI), the use of an adaptive array at reception may be very useful. In such contexts, it has been shown that the maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) multichannel receiver is composed of a spatio-temporal matched filter (STMF) followed by a symbol rate sampler and the MLSE-based modified Viterbi algorithm for a mono channel receiver. However, this optimal receiver has not been implemented in a practical context. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap previously mentioned by introducing a new multichannel receiver, which is an implementation of the optimal one in temporally white noise (TWN). The performance of this new receiver is then analyzed in the context of a GSM link with ISI and CCI.
Eulerian-Lagrangian aspects of a steady multiscale laminar flow (2007)

One key feature for the understanding and control of turbulent flows is the relation between Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics. This Brief Communication investigates such a relation for a laminar quasi-two-dimensional multiscale flow generated by a multiscale (fractal) forcing, which reproduces some aspects of turbulent flows in the laboratory, e.g., broadband power-law energy spectrum and Richardson’s diffusion. We show that these multiscale flows abide with Corrsin’s estimation of the Lagrangian integral time scale, TL, as proportional to the Eulerian (integral) time scale, LE∕urms, even though Corrsin’s approach was originally constructed for high Reynolds number turbulence. We check and explain why this relation is verified in our flows. The Lagrangian energy spectrum, Φ(w), presents a plateau at low frequencies followed by a power-law energy spectrum Φ(w)∼w−α at higher ones, similarly to turbulent flows. Furthermore, Φ(ω) scales with LE and urms with α&amp;gt;1. These are the key elements to obtain such a relation [Φ(w)∼ϵw−2 is not necessary] as in our flows the dissipation rate varies as ϵ∼urms3∕LEReλ−1. To complete our analysis, we investigate a recently proposed relation [M. A. I. Khan and J. C. Vassilicos, Phys. Fluids 16, 216 (2004)] between Eulerian and Lagrangian structure functions, which uses pair-diffusion statistics and the implications of this relation on Φ(ω). Our results support this relation, ⟨[uL(t)−uL(t+τ)]2⟩=⟨[uE(x)−uE(x+Δ2¯(τ)e)]2⟩, which leads to α=γ∕2(p−1)+1. This Eulerian-Lagrangian relation is striking as in the present flows it is imposed by the multiscale distribution of stagnation points, which are an Eulerian property.
Positive bias temperature instability in MOSFETs (1998)

The positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) of submicron MOSFETs has been investigated. It is found that the PBTI can be as large as the well-known negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). While the NBTI includes both Interface state generation and positive charge formation in the gate oxide, the PBTI only exists in the form of donor-like interface state generation. These donor-like interface states are localized symmetrically near the source and drain junctions and are negligible in the middle of the channel. Their dependence on the stressing electrical field strength and temperature is investigated and an activation energy of 1.23 eV is extracted. The PBTI creation follows the first order kinetics and the final saturation level is fixed by the number of defects available in the device. The experimental results show that the water- and boron-related species are two necessary reactants of the electrochemical reaction leading to the PBTI. Some speculation on the PBTI formation process is included.
Reduction of niobium pentoxide by carbon (1961)

The investigations of the reduction of niobium pentoxide by carbon showed that niobium metal could be prepared by a direct reduction. High temperatures in the region of 2000°C but below the melting point of niobium and dynamic vacuum of one micron or less were the principal experimental conditions employed throughout the course of this study. The reaction, which followed very closely the stoichiometry of the equation Nb2o5 +5C ---&gt; 2Nb + 5CO, began at a temperature near 1200°C and was nearly completed at 1600°C. The data indicated that it might be possible to allow reduction to take place at approximately 1800°C. After the reaction is completed at this temperature, raising of the temperature of the reaction material to nearly 2000°C might eliminate residual oxygen as a result of volatilization of a lower oxide of niobium.
Serum estrone concentrations and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. (1994)

Little is known about the relation between serum sex hormones and either coronary heart disease or the development of atherosclerosis in women. We measured serum estrone concentrations in 87 postmenopausal women (age, 50 to 81 years) who were admitted for diagnostic cardiac catheterization. None of the women were on estrogen replacement therapy. Cases (n = 62) were defined as those women who had > or = 1 coronary artery with > or = 50% occlusion. All control subjects (n = 25) had 0% to 24% occlusion of all coronary arteries. Estrone concentrations, as measured by a combination of extraction, column chromatography, and radioimmunoassay, showed little difference between cases and control subjects. A difference of 6 pg/mL in the estrone level was not associated with a significantly increased risk of coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.60, 5.2). Examination of mean estrone levels on the basis of the number of occluded vessels was also not significant. The primary predictors of coronary artery disease in this population were a history of diabetes (OR, 8.8; CI, 1.5, 51.4) and age (5-year increments; OR, 2.1; CI, 1.2, 3.8). There was also some suggestion that women who reported higher lifetime physical activity levels were at a reduced risk for developing coronary artery disease (OR, 0.18; CI, 0.05, 0.65). These preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that serum estrogens are related to coronary artery disease in older women, but these findings need to be replicated in larger populations of older women.
Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study (2021)

In the field of biology and medicine, one hears often about stem cells and their potential. The dental implant new surfaces, subjected to specific treatments, perform better and allow for quicker healing times and better clinical performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate from a biological point of view the interaction and cytotoxicity between stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) and titanium surfaces. Through the creation of complex cells/implant, this study is aimed at analyzing the cytotoxicity of dental implant surfaces (Myth (Maipek Manufacturer Industrial Care, Naples, Italy)) and the adhesion capacity of cells on them and at considering the essential factors for implant healing such as osteoinduction and vasculogenesis. These parameters are pointed out through histology (3D cell culture), immunofluorescence, proliferation assays, scanning electron microscopy, and PCR investigations. The results of the dental implant surface and its interaction with the DPSCs are encouraging, obtaining results increasing the mineralization of the tissues. The knowledge of this type of interaction, highlighting its chemical and biological features, is certainly also an excellent starting point for the development of even more performing surfaces for having better healing in the oral surgical procedures related to dental implant positioning.
Abstract 2919: XBP1 and the unfolded protein response in antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer (2010)

Abstract Most of the 178,000 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer in 2010 will be estrogen receptor positive α positive (ER+). For these patients, endocrine therapy, administered as an antiestrogen, e.g., Tamoxifen (TAM) or Faslodex (Fulvestrant; ICI 182,780) or an aromatase inhibitor (AI), e.g., Letrozole (LET), is the least toxic and most effective means to manage their hormone-dependent breast cancer. While 5 years of Tamoxifen (TAM) produces a 26% proportional reduction in mortality, advanced ER+ breast cancer largely remains an incurable disease and resistance to endocrine therapy remains a significant clinical problem. Previously, we have shown that antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells over-express X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), a transcription factor that belongs to the basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) family. XBP1(U) and XBP1(S) variants result from an unconventional splicing of the XBP1 mRNA by IRE1α. High ratio of XBP1(S):XBP1(U) mRNA in breast tumors is associated with poor response to TAM in patients. IRE1α, ATF6 and PERK are endoplasmic reticulum proteins that sense cellular stress in the unfolded protein response (UPR) - an adaptive signaling pathway that allows cells to survive the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Initially a compensatory mechanism allowing cells to recover normal endoplasmic reticulum function, prolonged UPR may induce cell death; this is often dependent upon which arm of the UPR predominates. XBP1 is an obligate component in both the IRE1α and ATF6 arms of the UPR. Here we show that antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells survive by activating pro-survival autophagy through XBP1-mediated UPR. MCF7/LCC9 [Faslodex resistant; TAM cross-resistant; high level of XBP1(S)] cells showed an increase in UPR signaling as detected by increased expression of BiP/GRP78. MCF-7/XBP1 or T47D/XBP1 stable cells that over-express XBP1(S) showed increased level of basal and Faslodex-induced autophagy as measured by cleaved LC3BII protein fragment, GFP-LC3 activity, and reduced expression of p62/SQSTM1. Thus, our results highlight a novel cell fate signaling through the UPR in breast cancer cells that leads to antiestrogen resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2919.