gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
23 Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Depression and Antidepressant Responses (2008)

Basic research and clinical studies have provided evidence that stress and depression can result in structural alterations in limbic brain regions implicated in mood disorders, including atrophy and loss of neurons and glia. These studies also demonstrate that antidepressant (AD) treatments block or reverse these effects. Several mechanisms contribute to the structural alterations and loss of cells in response to stress and depression, but one of intense interest is the involvement of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal formation. Basic research studies consistently demonstrate that stress and AD treatment exert opposing actions on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The study of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has revealed it to be a robust phenomenon that is capable of conferring previously unrecognized forms of plasticity to the DG. The progression from neuronal stem cell to mature dentate granule neuron can be divided into discrete stages, each of which is defined by distinct physiological and morphological properties (Esposito et al. 2005; Song et al. 2005) and is influenced by a plethora of factors comprising growth factors, neurotrophins, and chemokines (Lledo et al. 2006). These factors act in concert with network activity to regulate the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neuronal stem cells in vivo. It is through this general mechanism that levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis change in response to aversive and enriching experiences, such as stress and learning, respectively, and the physiological state of the organism. Recent studies relying on experimental approaches that ablate adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents have...
Optimizing Insulin Secretagogue Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

These data support the strategy of mealtime dosing with repaglinide. The improvements in glycemic control observed in these patients are encouraging. In addition to classic parameters of glycemic control, improvements in postprandial glucose excursions may prove to be important because postprandial hyperglycemia has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes.
The Development of Two Herbicides, Alloxydim-sodium and Sethoxydim (1985)

Both of alloxydim-sodium [Sodium salt of methyl 3-(1-allyloxyaminobutylidene)-6, 6-dimethyl-2, 4-dioxocyclohexylcarboxylate] and sethoxydim (±)-2-(1-ethoxyiminobutyl)-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enone are postemergence herbicides that provide excellent control of a wide range of grass weeds. The studies on them were started from the discovery of a new compound among the benzoxamate (miticide) derivatives having a weak herbicidal activity on grass weed. As a result of the research on the derivatives of various heterocyclic compounds such as pyrans, dimedones and barbituric acids, the dimedone derivatives were found to show the highest activity in postemergence treatment, and an alkoxyamino alkylidene moiety was indispensable on dimedone ring. Thus we selected out a compound from the dimedone derivatives and commercialized it in formulation of alloxydimsodium. It showed excellent activity on annual grasses at 1kg/ha approximately. However, the dosage more than 4kg/ha was needed to control perennial grasses completely, especially johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Further investigation was carried out to find out more potent herbicide. Before long, we found that some compounds with additional substituent, sulfur-containing alkyl group at 5-position of 1, 3-dioxocyclohexane ring instead of the gemdimethyl of dimedone, gave excellent control of annual and perennial grasses. A lot of the cyclohexane derivatives with a sulfur-containing alkyl side chain were synthesized and screened. As the result, we picked out a compound (sethoxydim) providing always high activity in field trials. Sethoxydim effectively controlled annual grasses and johnsongrass at 0.2-0.4kg/ha and 0.5kg/ha respectively, and showed excellent selectivity in numerous dicotyledonous crops. Some simulated rainfall and partial droplet application studies revealed that sethoxydim appeared to be readily absorbed and translocated in the plants. Two gramineous species, Festuca rubra and F. myuros were resistant as high as broadleaf weeds, while F. arundinacea and F. pratensis were susceptible. This difference in susceptibility could not explain by absorption, translocation and metabolism. Microscopic studies revealed that sethoxydim attacked the meristematic regions and inhibited the cell divisions, resulting in the occurrence of herbicidal action.
Plasmonic Hot Electron Induced Photocurrent Response at MoS2–Metal Junctions (2015)

We investigate the wavelength- and polarization-dependence of photocurrent signals generated at few-layer MoS2-metal junctions through spatially resolved photocurrent measurements. When incident photon energy is above the direct bandgap of few-layer MoS2, the maximum photocurrent response occurs for the light polarization direction parallel to the metal electrode edge, which can be attributed to photovoltaic effects. In contrast, if incident photon energy is below the direct bandgap of MoS2, the photocurrent response is maximized when the incident light is polarized in the direction perpendicular to the electrode edge, indicating different photocurrent generation mechanisms. Further studies show that this polarized photocurrent response can be interpreted in terms of the polarized absorption of light by the plasmonic metal electrode, its conversion into hot electron-hole pairs, and subsequent injection into MoS2. These fundamental studies shed light on the knowledge of photocurrent generation mechanisms in metal-semiconductor junctions, opening the door for engineering future two-dimensional materials based optoelectronics through surface plasmon resonances.
Enhancing Clinical Diagnosis for Patients With Persistent Pulmonary Abnormalities After COVID-19 Infection (2022)

Enhancing fibrotic repair mechanisms, 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT may improve noninvasive clinical diagnostic performance in patients with long-term CT abnormalities after severe COVID-19. Although this study shows promising results, additional studies in larger populations are required to establish a general diagnostic guideline.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid-Derived Cyclopropanes (2011)

Photochemical oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement of bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid scaffolds affords multifunctional, donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. A related photochemical reaction of an iminium ether substrate uncovered an unprecedented aza-di-π-methane rearrangement of a β,γ-unsaturated iminium. Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes have been evaluated as substrates for reactions generating several new chemotypes.
Research on detection method of load in wave compensation system based on Mti (2016)

Aiming at the demand of high precision real-time acquisition of load attitude in wave compensation system, a method based on MTi to detect load attitude is proposed in this paper. Based on the data acquisition card and C++ Visual language, the on-line acquisition and calculation of the Euler angle of wave compensation system is realized, and the signal acquisition hardware system and software system are designed. The experimental results show that the detection method can detect the attitude of the load in real time and the detection method provides a reliable parameter for the trajectory planning and motion control of the load.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Study of Conformational Dynamics in Opioid Peptides (1998)

Rotational correlation times have been determined from fluorescence anisotropy decays of the tyrosyl residue in the opioid pentapeptides DPDPE (Tyr-d-Pen-Gly-Phe-d-Pen), DPDPE(SH)2, and [Leu5]-enkephalin, revealing internal peptide motions. Fluorescence decays were measured by time-correlated single-photon counting. For all three peptides, the fluorescence emission is characterized by three-exponential intensity decays with amplitudes that are consistent with ground-state populations of rotamers of the tyrosyl side chain. Rotational correlation times in water determined from single-exponential fits are 80−130 ps, in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations [Wang, Y.; Kuczera, K. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 2555−2563]. Internal peptide motions were studied by measurement of the rotational correlation times in solutions of 50% propylene glycol in water over the temperature range from 258 to 313 K. Two distinct temperature regions were observed. In the low-temperature regime the thermal viscosity coefficient for each peptide is approximately 0.07 K-1, the same as for free tyrosine. Hence, in this temperature regime the rotational friction is imposed by the solvent alone, consistent with rigid-body rotational motion. At higher temperatures an additional source of reorientational motion is revealed by an apparent change in the thermal viscosity coefficient. The viscosity coefficient in the high-temperature regime is characteristic of the peptide and not just the solvent, indicating the influence of internal dynamics. Double-exponential fits yielded further evidence of internal tyrosyl reorientational motions, which make increasingly large relative contributions at higher temperatures.
Assembly of Bacillus subtilis Phage Phi29. 2. Mutants in the Cistrons Coding for the Non-structural Proteins (1977)

The effect on phage morphogenesis of sus mutations in the cistrons coding for nonstructural proteins has been studied. Mutants in three cistrons analyzed that are involved in phage DNA synthesis, as well as in cistron 16 which codes for a late nonstructural protein, produce prolate capsids which are more rounded at the corners than complete phage heads and have an internal core; they contain the head proteins, the upper collar protein and protein p7, not present in mature phage particles. Mutants in cistron 7 do not produce capsids nor other phage-related structures; this result and the presence of p7 in phage capsids suggest an essential role in capsid assembly for this protein. The protein product of cistron 13 is probably needed for a stable DNA encapsulation since mutants in this cistron produce mainly DNA-free complete phage particles and only about 10% of uninfective DNA-containing complete phage. Cistron 15 codes for a late, partially dispensable, nonstructural protein which is present in the DNA-free capsids produced after infection with the delayed-lysis mutant sus14(1242), used as the wild-type control, or with mutants in cistrons 9, 11, 12 and 13. Proteins p15 and p16 are probably involved in the encapsulation of viral DNA in a prohead.
A simple method for mass production of potato microtubers using a bioreactor system (2003)

A simple protocol for mass propagation of potato microtubers was developed using an automated low-cost bioreactor system. Microtubers of potato were induced by a two-step culture method. In the first step (step A), the stock plants were inoculated in the bioreactor for growth and multiplication of plantlets, After four weeks, the medium was replaced with a new one to proceed to step B for microtuber induction. Comparative studies between solid and bioreactor culture (continuous immersion [with net or without net] and temporary immersion in liquid medium using ebb and flood) revealed that shoot multiplication and growth were more efficient in continuous immersion (with net) bioreactor. We also studied the effect of inoculation density on potato micropropagation during bioreactor culture and maximum responses were recorded when there were 50 nodal explants per bioreactor. After shoot proliferation, the culture medium was replaced with one containing a higher concentration of sucrose, with or without 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kept under dark conditions. The analysis of tuber classification according to size showed that addition of BAP in the culture medium influenced the formation of microtubers larger than 1.1 g. It has also been observed that there is a strong influence of medium renewal on individual microtuber growth during bioreactor culture of potato. The results indicate that our system could be applied for mass propagation of potato tubers at low cost.
RF barcodes using multiple frequency bands (2005)

Two novel approaches are proposed here to achieve a practical RF barcode. Firstly, to achieve a useful number of bits the resonator centre frequencies span three bands: 2.4GHz, 5.25GHz and 5.8GHz. Secondly, resonator width variation is used for fine control of the barcode resonance frequency to within <0.2% accuracy. Bistatic S21 based detection is used based on scattering and absorption to interrogate the barcodes in the field and 5 bit operation is demonstrated successfully in the 5470- 5875 MHz band at 1.5m range. Similarities and differences between the RF barcodes and frequency selective surfaces are explained. The presented design and detection techniques are applicable to other frequencies such as 900MHz and 24GHz.
Closed-loop robotic TMS motor mapping using an online-optimized sampling scheme (2023)

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool for modulating and mapping cortical function. TMS-based functional mapping methods typically exploit causal relationships between brain structure and function. In earlier work, we demonstrated that cortical sites of the motor area can be precisely localized by relating FEM simulation derived electric field estimates to TMS induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in an input-output curve fitting approach using nonlinear regression. A random sequence of on average 180 TMS coil configurations (= coil position and orientation) have proven to provide sufficient variability in their electric field pattern and evoked motor responses to discriminate neuronal populations at the primary motor cortex at single digit level based on their goodness of fit. Here, we propose an optimized robotic TMS mapping method to significantly reduce the number of stimulation samples, improve the mapping result and reduce the time required for the mapping experiment. Starting from a set of random TMS coil configurations, new configurations are determined during the experiment based on two Pareto-weighted criteria: a) the correlation of the induced electric fields is minimized to increase the distinguishability between cortical locations, and b) the information gain of the candidate position is maximized by determining the optimal sample location on the I/O curve using Fisher information matrix optimization informed by real-time MEP feedback. The presented method was implemented in a robotic TMS system to enable accurate and reliable coil positioning, exactly timed triggering of the TMS pulse, and the online acquisition and analysis of the MEPs. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 10. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Keywords: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Motor Mapping, Robotic TMS, Optimization Problem
Clinical presentation and outcome of perioperative myocardial infarction in the very elderly following hip fracture surgery (2012)

Elderly patients, after hip fracture surgery, have a higher incidence of PMI and mortality than what guidelines indicate. The majority of elderly patients with PMI did not experience ischemic symptoms and required cardiac biomarkers for diagnosis. The results of our study support the measurement of troponin in postoperative elderly patients for the diagnosis of PMI, in order to implement in-hospital preventive strategies to reduce PMI-associated mortality.
Platelet Retention in Particle-filled Columns: Effects of Particle Type, Plasma Proteins, and Platelet Reactivity (1971)

Platelet retention values for normal individuals and for patients with von Willebrand’s disease, thrombasthenia, congenital afibrinogenemia, factor XII deficiency, and factor XIII deficiency were compared using columns filled with untreated glass particles or with sand, quartz, or glass particles treated with organic solvents and acid. New data obtained in tests with treated glass, sand, and quartz particles are compared with data obtained in tests with untreated glass particles. The results generally confirm published observations. Lower than normal platelet retention values were found for patients with von Willebrand’s disease who had prolonged bleeding times and for a thrombasthenic patient. Patients with congenital deficiencies of factor XII or factor XIII had normal or slightly elevated platelet retention values. The patient with congenital afibrinogenemia had normal platelet retention values in tests with untreated glass beads or quartz-filled columns, but low values with treated glass or sand-filled columns. The effects of particle composition and geometry on platelet retention values and mechanisms responsible for retention of platelets in particle-filled columns are discussed.
Inferring Road Maps from Global Positioning System Traces (2012)

As a result of the availability of Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors in a variety of everyday devices, GPS trace data are becoming increasingly abundant. One potential use of this wealth of data is to infer and update the geometry and connectivity of road maps through the use of what are known as map generation or map inference algorithms. These algorithms offer a tremendous advantage when no existing road map data are present. Instead of the expense of a complete road survey, GPS trace data can be used to generate entirely new sections of the road map at a fraction of the cost. In cases of existing maps, road map inference may not only help to increase the accuracy of available road maps but may also help to detect new road construction and to make dynamic adaptions to road closures—useful features for in-car navigation with digital road maps. In past research, proposed algorithms had been evaluated qualitatively with little or no comparison with prior work. This lack of quantitative and comparative evaluation is addressed in this paper with the following contributions: (a) a comprehensive survey of the current literature on map generation; (b) a description of the first method for the automatic evaluation of generated maps; (c) a qualitative, quantitative, and comparative evaluation of three reference algorithms; and (d) an open source implementation of each of the three algorithms, with a 118-h trace data set and ground truth map for unrestricted use by the automatic map generation community.
Quantum Measurement Reliability versus Reversibility (2009)

There is a constraining relation between the reliability of a quantum measurement and the extent to which the measurement process is, in principle, reversible. The greater the information that is gained, the less reversible the measurement dynamics become. To illustrate this relation, we develop a simple physical model for quantum measurement, as well as a hypothetical scheme by which the experimenters can determine the reliability and reversibility. We derive an "uncertainty" (constraining) relation between reliability and reversibility, which holds even when there is no interaction with any external environment other than the fundamental information recording device.
Origin of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field (1981)

The microscopic origin of the force F = L(i×B) which acts on a wire of length L carrying a current i in a magnetic induction B, is considered.(AIP)
High Efficiency Achieved on POCl3 Emitter Si Solar Cells with Low Saturation Current Density While Reducing Ag Consumption by 40-60% (2012)

The market price of Ag has fluctuated 10X over the past 10 years and has impacted the manufacturing cost of Si solar cells and the price of Si PV. Reduction of Ag consumption can decrease this cost, however, such reduction may come at the expense of cell performance. In order to address the issue of Ag cost reduction while maintaining high cell efficiency, we tailored phosphorus emitter profiles via POCl3 diffusion to create solar cell emitters displaying low saturation current density (J0e), variable electrically active surface phosphorus concentration ([Psurface]), and variable sheet resistance with the aim of reducing Ag consumption. By optimizing emitter diffusion conditions, we were able to reduce screen-printed Ag paste consumption by 40 – 60% with no loss in cell performance. Using a screen-printable Ag conductor paste designed to contact low [Psurface] emitters, we compared the performance of cells with screen-printed Ag paste dry masses of 200, 120, and 80 mg. Using a tailored Low J0e 55 Ω/sq emitter, high open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current (JSC) are achieved to give average cell efficiencies of 18.64% and 18.73% for 120 mg and 80 mg Ag paste dry mass, respectively. This is compared to efficiencies of 18.52% and 18.21% for cell using industrial-type 65 Ω/sq emitter with 120 and 80 mg Ag paste dry mass, respectively. Based on US$32/Troy oz. Ag market price and 85% by weight thick film paste Ag metal content, Ag front side metallization cost of US¢2.11/W can be achieved by using 80 mg Ag paste dry mass. This is compared to US¢3.19/W (33% cost savings) and US¢5.44/W (60% cost savings) for use of 120 and 200 mg Ag paste dry mass, respectively, on industrial-type emitter.
Clinical features and long-term follow-up of 20 cases of parakeratosis pustulosa. (1998)

We report the clinical features and long-term follow-up of 20 pediatric patients with parakeratosis pustulosa (PKP). In eight children PKP was considered as a clinical manifestation of psoriasis. Of these, three children had skin psoriasis at the time of our observation, two developed nail psoriasis, and three developed psoriatic pitting during follow-up. Parakeratosis pustulosa was considered a symptom of allergic contact dermatitis in four patients, whereas atopic dermatitis was possibly responsible for PKP in two patients. A complete recovery from disease was observed in 11 patients. The results of our study suggest that PKP is not a single entity but rather represents a nail symptom that can be produced by several inflammatory diseases, including nail psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis.
Triple Fluorescence Anisotropy Reporter Imaging in Living Cells (2019)

FRET-based genetically encoded biosensors incorporate two fluorescent proteins into their design to enable ratiometric biosensing of signaling activities in live cells. While emission ratios are generally useful for quantitative studies, they leave little room in the optical spectrum for additional sensors and optogenetic tools. Homotransfer-based reporters, such as the FLuorescence Anisotropy REporters (FLAREs), incorporate two fluorescent proteins of the same color into their design. Conversion to a single color opens the visible spectrum for the use of complementary sensors. Here, we present a protocol for measuring three independent intracellular signals in living cells. We describe the configuration and calibration of a widefield microscope for multicolor FLARE imaging. Three FLARE sensors for intracellular calcium, MAPK activity, and PKA phosphorylation are co-transfected into HEK293 cells, and triple FRET imaging is performed. Compared to heterotransfer FRET biosensors, the polarization-based multiplex imaging can track multiple signaling activities concurrently in a targeted cell population.