gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopic Studies of Human Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars (1973)

Introduction. The human cutaneous scars manifest themselves many ways in different types according to the factors such as the age, sex, race of the patient as well as the location,. kind and heal ing process of the wound. Among the scars it is quiet difficult to verify the clinical course of the hypertrophic or keloidal scars from the true keloids. However, clinical observations indicate that stress, either mechanical or in the forms of chronic infections, can induce a functional change in the fibroblasts causing an excessive production of collagenous matrix. In this study, we preliminary attempt to justify any difference of the cellular structure between keloids and hypertrophic scars by using electron microscope. Material and Methods. A total of 23 cases: 2 scars, 2 hypertrophic scars and 19 keloids are examined. Immediately, the biopsy tissue was fixed in 10% neutral formalin and 4% glutaraldehyde solution in phosphate buffer for 4 hours, post fixed in 1 % osmium tetraoxide for two hours, dehydrated with graded alcohol, and embedded in Epon 812. Thick sections were stained with hematoxylin eosin, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and Van Gieson stain. Thin sections were cut and uranyle acetate, lead citratestain and examined with the electron microscope. Result. The morphologic features of keloid showed thick, homogenously eosinophilic bands of collagen and numberous large active fibroblasts. The hypertrophic scar and soft scar are more cellular than keloid and composed thinner collagenous fiber. For this paper in the etiology of keloids can not as be defined, but and interesting keloidal tissue fibroblast showed irregular nucleus with irregular shape dense bodies and fibril materials contained in to the cytoplasm.
Zeit- versus Platzkomplexität (1999)

Gegenstand dieses Kapitels ist das Verhältnis der Ressourcen Zeit und Speicherplatz zueinander. Wir hatten bereits im ersten Kapitel die Beziehungen $$ DTime(T) \subseteq DSpace(T) \subseteq Dtime(ExL(T))$$ hergeleitet (Korollar 1.4.9 und Aufgabe 1.5.26). Für 1-Band DTM mit Zeitschranken T ≥ Ω(N log N) läßt sich die erste Relation gemäß Aufgabe 3.7.10 verbessern zu $$ Dtim{e_{1}}(T) \subseteq Spac{e_{1}}(\frac{T}{{\log T}}) $$
EVE (2002)

As FPGAs push ever deeper into mainstream digital design, there is an increasing desire for high-performance circuits. This paper describes a manual editor, called EVE, which can assist a designer to perform manual packing, placement and pipelining of commercial FPGA circuits to achieve a meaningful increase in performance. This effort is inspired by Von Herzen's paper [15] [16], which proposed the notion of an "Event Horizon" - a high-speed circuit design approach in which complete knowledge of the timing effect of every synthesis change is used. It is very laborious to implement circuits using this approach; therefore we try to augment manual design tools in order to make this Event Horizon methodology easier to perform. This paper describes a first step in that direction, which focuses on placement, packing and pipelining. EVE provides an interactive environment that immediately reroutes and timing analyzes after each user circuit modification, giving an exact value for critical path delay. It can also suggest good placement positions and provide flip-flop insertion assist during pipelining. Compared to a state-of-the-art Synthesis and place and route flow, we used EVE to achieve an average of 12.7% higher operating frequency on a set of eight Xilinx Virtex-E circuits of 250 or fewer LUTs.
Characterization of Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Drop by Cross-beam Two-view Digital In-line Holography. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Self-ordered Mo-oxide Nanotube Arrays as Precursor for Aligned MoOx/MoS2 Core-Shell Nanotubular Structures with a High Density of Reactive Sites (2016)

In the present work we demonstrate the self-organized formation of anodic Mo-oxide nanotube arrays grown on a Mo sheet under suitable electrochemical conditions in glycerol/NH4F electrolytes. The resulting amorphous tubes can be crystallized by annealing to MoO2 or MoO3. The tube walls then can be further sulfurized fully or partially to Mo-sulfide to form well-ordered arrays of vertically aligned MoOx/MoS2 nanotubes. Under optimized conditions, defined MoS2 sheets form on the oxide walls in a layer by layer low angle zig-zag arrangement that provide a high density of reactive stacking faults. These core-shell nanotube arrays, consisting of tubes with a conductive suboxide core and a functional high defect density MoS2 coating, are highly promising for applications such as electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution) or ion insertion devices.
Gastrointestina l Helminths of the Anole Anolis oculatus (Polychridae) from Dominica, Lesser Antilles (1996)

The gastrointestinal tracts of 20 Anolis oculatus from Dominica, West Indies were examined for helminths. Eight helminth species were present: Ascarops sp., Oswaldocruzia lenteixelrai, Parapha- ryngodon cubensis, Physaloptera sp., Spauligodon cub- ensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, Mesocoelium monas, and Centrorhynchus sp. Juvenile acanthocephalans (Cen- trorhynchus sp.) had the greatest prevalence (50%). Spinicauda spinicauda had the highest mean intensity (33.5). All are new host records for A. oculatus.
Actin dynamics and cofilin‐actin rods in alzheimer disease (2016)

Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines or amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Extracellular Aβ-containing plaques and intracellular phospho-tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are postmortem pathologies required to confirm AD and have been the focus of most studies. However, AD brain, but not normal brain, also have increased levels of cytoplasmic rod-shaped bundles of filaments composed of ADF/cofilin-actin in a 1:1 complex (rods). Cofilin, the major ADF/cofilin isoform in mammalian neurons, severs actin filaments at low cofilin/actin ratios and stabilizes filaments at high cofilin/actin ratios. It binds cooperatively to ADP-actin subunits in F-actin. Cofilin is activated by dephosphorylation and may be oxidized in stressed neurons to form disulfide-linked dimers, required for bundling cofilin-actin filaments into stable rods. Rods form within neurites causing synaptic dysfunction by sequestering cofilin, disrupting normal actin dynamics, blocking transport, and exacerbating mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Aβ and proinflammatory cytokines induce rods through a cellular prion protein-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of cofilin biochemistry, rod formation, and the development of cognitive deficits. We will then discuss rod formation as a molecular pathway for synapse loss that may be common between all three prominent current AD hypotheses, thus making rods an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative analysis of dual‐axis implants placed into maxillary anterior extraction sockets versus virtual planning with uniaxial implants: A simulated cone beam computed tomography study of implant length and diameter (2023)

Dual-axis implant design effectively evades anatomical challenges in the anterior maxilla (esthetic zone). Considering the current evidence, efforts should be made to carefully consider the angular disparity between the extraction socket-alveolus complex and the future restorative emergence so that a harmonious biologic-esthetic result may be more predictably and consistently obtained.
Performance of Low-Conductivity Ceramic Wicks in Capillary Evaporators (2008)

In this study a hybrid loop having characteristics of a Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL) and a Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) has been created using a unique iron oxide wick selected for its fine pores and low thermal conductivity. This loop exhibits temperature control, typical of a CPL, but unlike most CPL evaporators, operates stably at heat loads less than 0.5% of maximum heat load. A movable borescope was used to investigate vapor formation within the liquid core of the evaporator, confirming that the addition of a LHP-style compensation chamber to the CPL plays a significant role in storing and condensing vapor that might otherwise deprime the evaporator.
NAPOLY: A Non-deterministic Automata Processor OverLaY (2023)

Deterministic and Non-deterministic Finite Automata (DFA and NFA) comprise the core of many big data applications. Recent efforts to develop Domain-Specific Architectures (DSAs) for DFA/NFA have taken divergent approaches, but achieving consistent throughput for arbitrarily-large pattern sets, state activation rates, and pattern match rates remains a challenge. In this article, we present NAPOLY (Non-Deterministic Automata Processor OverLaY), an FPGA overlay and associated compiler. A common limitation of prior efforts is a limit on NFA size for achieving the advertised throughput. NAPOLY is optimized for fast re-programming to permit practical time-division multiplexing of the hardware and permit high asymptotic throughput for NFAs of unlimited size, unlimited state activation rate, and high pattern reporting rate. NAPOLY also allows for offline generation of configurations having tradeoffs between state capacity and transition capacity. In this article, we (1) evaluate NAPOLY using benchmarks packaged in the ANMLZoo benchmark suite, (2) evaluate the use of an SAT solver for allocating physical resources, and (3) compare NAPOLY’s performance against existing solutions. NAPOLY performs most favorably on larger benchmarks, benchmarks with higher state activation frequency, and benchmarks with higher reporting frequency. NAPOLY outperforms the fastest of the CPU and GPU implementations in 10 out of 12 benchmarks.
[Development of molecular targeted therapies in lung cancers]. (2014)

Human cancers usually possess cumulative genetic aberrations. However, recent studies have revealed that the proliferation and survival of specific subsets of lung cancer depend on a few somatic mutation(s), so-called driver mutations. Representative driver mutations include the EGFR mutation and ALK translocation identified in about 40% and 3% of lung adenocarcinomas in Japan, respectively. These tumors are extremely sensitive to the respective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This sensitivity has encouraged researchers and clinicians to explore novel driver mutations in lung cancers as future molecular targets. Driver mutations reported so far include the HER2 mutation, BRAF mutation, ROS1 translocation, RET translocation, and NTRK translocation in lung adenocarcinomas, and FGFR1 amplification, DDR2 mutation, and FGFR3 translocation in lung squamous cell carcinomas. However, despite initial dramatic responses, the acquisition of resistance to molecular targeted drugs is almost inevitable. Overcoming resistance to molecular targeted drugs, the key drugs at this time, is an urgent issue to improve the outcomes of lung cancer patients.
A Glycotherapeutic Approach to Functionalize Biomaterials‐Based Systems (2020)

Abstract In addition to being one of the primary building block materials of living cells, glycans are also favorable candidates for therapeutic applications. In the mid‐20th century, the progress of glycans in the drug discovery field became surpassed by protein and DNA‐focused treatments. However, the emergence of new analytical tools and methods to synthesize structurally specific glycans has encouraged and motivated the scientific community toward the development of glycan‐based therapeutics. This review discusses the reemergence of glycan‐based agents in the last decade and the technical strategies that played a key role in bringing the glycan‐based treatments into the limelight of modern medicine. The review also includes the application of native glycans as the therapeutic agents along with the chemically engineered cell surface glycans and proteins to meet the preclinical and clinical scenario. Glycan‐based therapeutic materials hold a huge potential that can be harnessed to meet the clinical needs in medicine.
ortho‐Alkylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides with Alkynes by Photocatalysis: Pyridine N‐Oxide as a Redox Auxiliary (2019)

A photocatalyzed ortho-alkylation of pyridine N-oxide with ynamides and arylacetylenes has been developed, which yields a series of α-(2-pyridinyl) benzyl amides/ketones. Mechanistic studies, including electrochemical studies, radical-trapping experiments, and Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching studies demonstrate that pyridine N-oxide serves as both a redox auxiliary and radical acceptor to achieve the mild photocatalytic single-electron oxidation of carbon-carbon triple bonds with the generation of a cationic vinyl radical intermediate.
High‐Energy Density Capacitors Utilizing 0.7 BaTiO 3 –0.3 BiScO 3 Ceramics (2009)

A high, temperature‐stable dielectric constant (∼1000 from 0° to 300°C) coupled with a high electrical resistivity (∼10 12 Ω·cm at 250°C) make 0.7 BaTiO 3 –0.3 BiScO 3 ceramics an attractive candidate for high‐energy density capacitors operating at elevated temperatures. Single dielectric layer capacitors were prepared to confirm the feasibility of BaTiO 3 –BiScO 3 for this application. It was found that an energy density of about 6.1 J/cm 3 at a field of 73 kV/mm could be achieved at room temperature, which is superior to typical commercial X7R capacitors. Moreover, the high‐energy density values were retained to 300°C. This suggests that BaTiO 3 –BiScO 3 ceramics have some advantages compared with conventional capacitor materials for high‐temperature energy storage, and with further improvements in microstructure and composition, could provide realistic solutions for power electronic capacitors.
Repetitive Elements May Comprise Over Two-Thirds of the Human Genome (2011)

Transposable elements (TEs) are conventionally identified in eukaryotic genomes by alignment to consensus element sequences. Using this approach, about half of the human genome has been previously identified as TEs and low-complexity repeats. We recently developed a highly sensitive alternative de novo strategy, P-clouds, that instead searches for clusters of high-abundance oligonucleotides that are related in sequence space (oligo "clouds"). We show here that P-clouds predicts >840 Mbp of additional repetitive sequences in the human genome, thus suggesting that 66%-69% of the human genome is repetitive or repeat-derived. To investigate this remarkable difference, we conducted detailed analyses of the ability of both P-clouds and a commonly used conventional approach, RepeatMasker (RM), to detect different sized fragments of the highly abundant human Alu and MIR SINEs. RM can have surprisingly low sensitivity for even moderately long fragments, in contrast to P-clouds, which has good sensitivity down to small fragment sizes (∼25 bp). Although short fragments have a high intrinsic probability of being false positives, we performed a probabilistic annotation that reflects this fact. We further developed "element-specific" P-clouds (ESPs) to identify novel Alu and MIR SINE elements, and using it we identified ∼100 Mb of previously unannotated human elements. ESP estimates of new MIR sequences are in good agreement with RM-based predictions of the amount that RM missed. These results highlight the need for combined, probabilistic genome annotation approaches and suggest that the human genome consists of substantially more repetitive sequence than previously believed.
Neuro-Adaptive $H_{\infty}$ Estimation and Its Application to Improved Tracking in GPS Receivers (2008)

A neuro-adaptive scheme is suggested for improving the tracking properties of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> -optimal filters. The design approach is based on embedding the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> -optimal filter within a simplified adaptive control loop that is driven by the innovation process. The stability of the overall estimation scheme is established under strictly passive conditions of a related system. The suggested method is applied to improve the tracking properties of a GPS receiver during user maneuvers.
The Scotch parallel storage systems (2002)

To meet the bandwidth needs of modern computer systems, parallel storage systems are evolving beyond RAID levels 1 through 5. The parallel Data Lab at Carnegie Mellon University has constructed three Scotch parallel storage testbeds to explore and evaluate five directions in RAID evolution: first, the development of new RAID architectures to reduce the cost/performance penalty of maintaining redundant data; second, an extensible software framework for rapid prototyping of new architectures; third, mechanisms to reduce the complexity of and automate error-handling in RAID subsystems; fourth, a file system extension that allows serial programs to exploit parallel storage; and lastly, a parallel file system that extends the RAID advantages to distributed parallel computing environments. This paper describes these five RAID evolutions and the testbeds in which they are being implemented and evaluated.
Oat‐based complex stimulates skin barrier protein synthesis and reduces skin ageing (2009)

Citation: IFSCC Magazine , 11 (2008) (3) 217–223 Epidermal differentiation is crucial to guarantee a physiological cornification process. The cornified envelope is the final skin barrier which protects against external aggressions such as UV light and reduces water loss. Skin ageing is associated with decreased functionality of this barrier and reduced epidermal differentiation. We present a new bioactive complex for the stimulation of protein synthesis associated with cornified envelope and markers of epidermal differentiation. Composed of a hydrolyzed oat protein extract and particularly rich in glutamine and glutamic acid combined with ATP and niacinamide, 1% of this complex increases significantly the synthesis of proteins such as filaggrin, late envelope protein and small proline‐rich proteins, all markers of epidermal differentiation, in a reconstituted human skin model as measured by DNA array chip analysis, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. When a cream containing 3% of this bioactive complex was applied to the skin of 25 human volunteers, an increase in skin hydration of more than 60% after 14 days of application and a reduction of wrinkles and roughness by more than 50% in 4 weeks were observed compared with a placebo cream. In conclusion, the bioactive complex stimulated synthesis of proteins which are important for epidermal differentiation and skin barrier function and was helpful in fighting skin ageing. Keywords: Hydrolyzed oat protein extract, cornified envelope, filaggrin, small proline‐rich proteins, skin barrier, anti‐ageing
A centralized system for monitoring clozapine use in British Columbia (1996)

The Clozapine Resource Centre in British Columbia is a centralized information source for all physicians wishing to prescribe clozapine and also performs back-up hematological and compliance monitoring. Laboratories fax weekly hematology results to physicians and to the center. The center enters results in a national database and compiles twice-weekly noncompliance reports; physicians are notified of abnormal results, and caregivers of noncompliance. The centralized system obviates the practice in some jurisdictions of hiring case coordinators to oversee these procedures and may reduce physician reluctance to prescribe clozapine. It improves coordination among monitoring and treatment parties and ensures better continuity of care.
The big debate (2014)

Mega ships are creating mega ports and both are only going to get bigger, Zoe Reynolds reports. But who will pay for upgrades?
A scheduling method for synchronous communication in the Bach hardware compiler (1999)

In this paper, we propose a scheduling method for synchronous communication between threads in the Bach hardware compiler. In this method, all communications are extracted from a behavioral Bach-C description and statically prescheduled to synchronize communications between threads if possible. Then all the operations and communications of each thread are synthesized independently according to the prescheduling result. Consequently, we can synthesize large system LSIs efficiently, because we do not need to synthesize the whole system descriptions at once to synchronize communications. Experimental results show that our method improves throughput of synthesized circuits and is applicable to large systems designed with the Bach hardware compiler.
Reinforcement learning and aggregation (2005)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a learning technique that provides a means for learning an optimal control policy when the dynamics of the environment under consideration is unavailable [L.P. Kaelbling et al., 1996, R.S. Sutton and A.G. Barto, 1998]. While RL has been successfully applied in many single or multiple agents systems [S. Arai et al., 2000, H.R. Berenji and D.A. Vengerov, 2000, M. Tan, 1993, Y. Nagayuki et al., 2000], the learning quality is greatly influenced by learning algorithms and their parameters. Setting of the parameters of RL algorithms is something of a black art, and small differences in these parameters can lead to large differences in learning qualities. Determining the best algorithm and the optimal parameters can be costly in terms of time and computation. Even if the cost is acceptable, the robustness of learning is still a question. In order to address the difficulty, an aggregated multiagent reinforcement learning system (AMRLS) is proposed to deal with the RL environment as a multiagent environment. A maze world environment is used to validate the AMRLS. Experimental results illustrate that compared with normal Q(/spl lambda/)-learning and SARSA(/spl lambda/) algorithms, the AMRLS increases both the learning speed and the rate of reaching the shortest path.
Change of Mechanical Properties of Zinc Coatings After Heat Treatment (2020)

Abstract Hot-dip galvanized coatings represent a protection based on passivation of the single zinc layer. It is one of the most commonly used surface treatments of steel. However, pure zinc forms merely an insignificant upper layer. Coating crosscut is formed by intermetallic phases that can cause decrease in the level of anticorrosion protection. This results from an iron diffusion from the base material. Goal of this paper is to analyse the changes in the mechanical properties of these phases in relation to zinc coating heat treatment. For the experiment, annealing temperatures of 200 °C and 300 °C were used, and the staying time was set at 1, 3 and 5 hours. Furthermore, samples without any heat treatment were subjected to comparison as well. Moreover, following tests were conducted: bending test in compliance with the ČSN EN ISO 1519 standard, and tearing test (in accordance with the ČSN EN ISO 4624 standard). On the basis of performed tests, the changes in mechanical properties of the zinc coating after heat treatment could be analysed.
The QT21/HimL Combined Machine Translation System (2016)

Jan-Thorsten Peter, Tamer Alkhouli, Hermann Ney, Matthias Huck, Fabienne Braune, Alexander Fraser, Aleš Tamchyna, Ondřej Bojar, Barry Haddow, Rico Sennrich, Frédéric Blain, Lucia Specia, Jan Niehues, Alex Waibel, Alexandre Allauzen, Lauriane Aufrant, Franck Burlot, Elena Knyazeva, Thomas Lavergne, François Yvon, Mārcis Pinnis, Stella Frank. Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Volume 2, Shared Task Papers. 2016.