gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seed-Mediated Growth of Palladium Nanocrystals on Indium Tin Oxide Surfaces and Their Applicability as Modified Electrodes (2006)

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were successfully attached and grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface using a seed-mediated growth method, i.e., via a simple two-step immersion of the ITO substrate into the seed and growth solutions. After the growth treatment for 24 h, PdNPs grew up to 60-80 nm, exhibiting crystal-like appearances and accompanying the formation of short rodlike nanocrystals as a minor product. Thus prepared PdNPs tend to stick each other, so that the dense gathering of PdNPs was observed on the ITO surfaces. Due to the dense attachment, the PdNPs directly attached to the ITO (PdNP/ITO) electrode had a significantly lowered charge-transfer resistivity compared with that of a bare ITO, and the redox reaction of [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- was observed as reversible in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution. The electrocatalytic property of PdNPs was confirmed for the reduction of oxygen. In addition, some typical responses were observed in 0.5 M H2SO4 with the PdNP/ITO electrode, reflecting both the characteristics of NPs and the thin layer in nanoscale. The present preparation method of PdNP-attached surfaces would be promising for catalytic applications as well as electrochemical uses.
Erratum (2015)

The lanes 1 and 2 in figure 3C of this article, representing the 38 kDa HtrA1 form in urine samples from cancer patients subjected to RC, were inadvertently duplicated from lanes 1 and 2 of RC group in figure 3A.The correct version of the figure appears below.
Strain-dependent responses to mineral hydrocarbons in female Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats (2002)

Mineral hydrocarbons (MHC) produce hepatic microgranulomas and granulomas following repeated administration to female Fischer-344 (F-344) rats. Female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats are less sensitive to these MHC-induced hepatic effects. Comparative studies were conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics and disposition of a representative C26 MHC, [1-14C]1-eicosanylcyclohexane ([14C]EICO), in these two rat strains. Following a single oral dose of MHC, F-344 rats had a higher blood Cmax of [14C]EICO, a longer time to Cmax, and a greater blood AUC compared to S-D rats. Fecal excretion was the major route of elimination of parent [ 14C]EICO for both rat strains. Both rat strains eliminated 11% of the dose in the urine by 96 h. However, S-D rats eliminated the majority of [14C]EICO-metabolites in the urine by 16 h, while F-344 rats excreted [14C] equivalents in a time-dependent manner. At 96 h, 3% of the radioactive dose was recovered in livers of F-344 rats, but only 0.1% in S-D rats. Parent [14C]EICO was determined to be retained in livers of F-344 rats. Only metabolites of [14C]EICO were present in urine, the two major being 12-cyclohexyldodecanoic acid and 10-cyclohexyldecanoic acid. Inhibition of hepatic P450 activity using ABT prior to MHC administration resulted in a significant increase in [14C]EICO retention in livers of F-344 rats at 96 h. Pretreatment with clofibrate, a CYP4A inducer, decreased the amount of [14C]EICO retained in livers of F-344 rats at 96 h. Dietary exposure from MHC for 2 weeks resulted in an increased amount of MHC retained in livers of F-344 rats, whereas little was retained in treated S-D rats. The majority of MHC was retained in hepatocytes, whereas little was detected in Kupffer cells (KC). This was evidenced following transmission electron microscopy analysis of liver sections of F-344 rats. Multiple MHC droplets were observed in hepatocytes, while few droplets were detected in KC. Results from these studies suggest that inherent strain-differences in systemic exposure, rates of elimination, and hepatic retention of MHC exist following MHC exposure. The CYP4 enzyme family plays a role in the metabolism, clearance, and retention of [14C]EICO, while the phagocytic activity of KC is less significant after a single oral dose of MHC. In addition, repeated exposure of MHC alters the morphology of hepatocytes of F-344 rats but not S-D rats. These differences just described suggest that F-344 rats are inherently predisposed to the observed MHC-induced hepatic effects. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Towards Contactless, Low-Cost and Accurate 3D Fingerprint Identification (2014)

Human identification using fingerprint impressions has been widely studied and employed for more than 2000 years. Despite new advancements in the 3D imaging technologies, widely accepted representation of 3D fingerprint features and matching methodology is yet to emerge. This paper investigates 3D representation of widely employed 2D minutiae features by recovering and incorporating (i) minutiae height z and (ii) its 3D orientation φ information and illustrates an effective matching strategy for matching popular minutiae features extended in 3D space. One of the obstacles of the emerging 3D fingerprint identification systems to replace the conventional 2D fingerprint system lies in their bulk and high cost, which is mainly contributed from the usage of structured lighting system or multiple cameras. This paper attempts to addresses such key limitations of the current 3D fingerprint technologies bydeveloping the single camera-based 3D fingerprint identification system. We develop a generalized 3D minutiae matching model and recover extended 3D fingerprint features from the reconstructed 3D fingerprints. 2D fingerprint images acquired for the 3D fingerprint reconstruction can themselves be employed for the performance improvement and have been illustrated in the work detailed in this paper. This paper also attempts to answer one of the most fundamental questions on the availability of inherent discriminableinformation from 3D fingerprints. The experimental results are presented on a database of 240 clients 3D fingerprints, which is made publicly available to further research efforts in this area, and illustrate the discriminant power of 3D minutiae representation andmatching to achieve performance improvement.
A Study on Fractal Analysis for Fatigue Fracture Surfaces of Metallic Materials (2003)

Concept of "Fractal" can be usefully applied to evaluate the irregularity of geometrical shape, profile of time-dependent phenomena and so on. Three dimensional geometry of fracture surface for any metallic material has such an irregularity which is governed by the fracture mechanisms. Geometrical irregularity of the fracture surface of SUS304 steel failed in the rotating bending was evaluated by means of the fractal analysis. Since the striation on the fracture surface has a significant orientation, anisotropy should be introduce to the analysis. It was found that this kind of anisotropy can be well evaluated by the fractal analysis proposed here.
Submental Nd:Yag laser-assisted liposuction (2006)

The Nd:YAG laser is a useful tool for the treatment of local lipodistrophy. The laser proved to be effective for cellular lysis and collagen neoformation.
Enhancing NIR-II Phosphorescence through Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Tumor-Hypoxia Imaging (2022)

Phosphorescence probes have emerged as a promising hypoxia detector for their excellent characters of long luminescence lifetime, large Stokes shift, and oxygen sensitivity. However, the low quantum yields of organic phosphorescence probes in the second near-infrared wavelength window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) hinder their further development of NIR-II hypoxia imaging. Herein, this study reports a new NIR-II phosphorescence probe (PRET NPs) containing a phosphorescent long-lived triplet energy donor (PD) and a NIR-II fluorescent energy acceptor (FA) by using phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) strategy. Because of the suitable spectral overlap of PD and FA, PRET NPs exhibit high NIR-II quantum yield in both normoxic and oxygen-free atmospheres. Based on that, in the in vivo tumor hypoxia imaging experiments, PRET NPs also exhibit high brightness and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of NIR-II tumor-hypoxia imaging. Therefore, this study illustrates a general approach based on “PRET” strategy to develop bright NIR-II phosphorescent probes.
Anaplasma phagocytophilumAPH_1387 Is Expressed throughout Bacterial Intracellular Development and Localizes to the Pathogen-Occupied Vacuolar Membrane (2010)

Obligate vacuolar pathogens produce proteins that localize to the host cell-derived membranes of the vacuoles in which they reside, yielding unique organelles that are optimally suited for pathogen survival. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate vacuolar bacterium that infects neutrophils and causes the emerging and potentially fatal disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Here we identified APH_1387 as the first A. phagocytophilum-derived protein that associates with the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuolar membrane (AVM). APH_1387, also referred to as P100, is a 61.4-kDa acidic protein that migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 115 kDa on SDS-PAGE gels. It carries 3 tandem direct repeats that comprise 58% of the protein. Each APH_1387 repeat carries a bilobed hydrophobic alpha-helix domain, which is a structural characteristic that is consistent with the structure of chlamydia-derived proteins that traverse inclusion membranes. APH_1387 is not detectable on the surfaces of A. phagocytophilum dense core organisms bound at the HL-60 cell surface, but abundant APH_1387 is detected on the surfaces of intravacuolar reticulate cell and dense core organisms. APH_1387 accumulates on the AVM throughout infection. It associates with the AVM in human HL-60, THP-1, and HMEC-1 cells and tick ISE6 cells. APH_1387 is expressed and localizes to the AVM in neutrophils recovered from A. phagocytophilum-infected mice. This paper presents the first direct evidence that A. phagocytophilum actively modifies its host cell-derived vacuole.
Single-molecule measurements of the effect of force on Thy-1/αvβ3-integrin interaction using nonpurified proteins (2017)

Thy-1 and αvβ3 integrin mediate bidirectional cell-to-cell communication between neurons and astrocytes. Thy-1/αvβ3 interactions stimulate astrocyte migration and the retraction of neuronal prolongations, both processes in which internal forces are generated affecting the bimolecular interactions that maintain cell-cell adhesion. Nonetheless, how the Thy-1/αvβ3 interactions respond to mechanical cues is an unresolved issue. In this study, optical tweezers were used as a single-molecule force transducer, and the Dudko-Hummer-Szabo model was applied to calculate the kinetic parameters of Thy-1/αvβ3 dissociation. A novel experimental strategy was implemented to analyze the interaction of Thy-1-Fc with nonpurified αvβ3-Fc integrin, whereby nonspecific rupture events were corrected by using a new mathematical approach. This methodology permitted accurately estimating specific rupture forces for Thy-1-Fc/αvβ3-Fc dissociation and calculating the kinetic and transition state parameters. Force exponentially accelerated Thy-1/αvβ3 dissociation, indicating slip bond behavior. Importantly, nonspecific interactions were detected even for purified proteins, highlighting the importance of correcting for such interactions. In conclusion, we describe a new strategy to characterize the response of bimolecular interactions to forces even in the presence of nonspecific binding events. By defining how force regulates Thy-1/αvβ3 integrin binding, we provide an initial step towards understanding how the neuron-astrocyte pair senses and responds to mechanical cues.
Factors associated with time from first-symptoms to diagnosis and treatment initiation of Multiple Sclerosis in Switzerland (2018)

Even in recent periods, substantial and partially systematic variation regarding time to diagnosis and time to disease-modifying treatment initiation remains. With the emerging paradigm of early treatment, the residual variation should be monitored carefully.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Adaptation to HIF1α Deletion in Hypoxic Cancer Cells by Upregulation of GLUT14 and Creatine Metabolism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S2. (A) Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival of 440 colon adenocarcinoma patients TGCA cohort. Patient group with highest quartile showed a reduced five-year survival. (B) Heatmap illustrating the correlative gene expression profile of creatine kinase enzymes (KCRU, KCRM, KCRB) and glucose transporters (GTR1, GTR3, GTR14) compared to 47 genes representing a "hypoxia signature" based on 337 CODREAD colorectal cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;
&#x03B1;-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Vicine and &#x03B1;-Eleostearic Acid from the Seeds of Momordica charantia (2015)

<italic>α</italic>-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Vicine and <italic>α</italic>-Eleostearic Acid from the Seeds of <italic>Momordica charantia</italic>-Bitter melon,α-Eleostearic acid,α-Glucosidase,<italic>Momordica charantia</italic>,Vicine
Pareto Multi Objective Optimization (2006)

The goal of this chapter is to give fundamental knowledge on solving multi-objective optimization problems. The focus is on the intelligent metaheuristic approaches (evolutionary algorithms or swarm-based techniques). The focus is on techniques for efficient generation of the Pareto frontier. A general formulation of MO optimization is given in this chapter, the Pareto optimality concepts introduced, and solution approaches with examples of MO problems in the power systems field are given
Le droit dans les bibliothèques médiévales anglaises (2003)

La Common Law s’est développée en Angleterre depuis le règne de Henri II au moins, selon des rythmes et des procédures qui ont été magistralement décrits par John Hudson et Paul Brand, si bien que l’on me pardonnera de ne pas m’attarder sur ce point. Par rapport au problème que je souhaite traiter aujourd’hui, qui est celui de la présence des textes juridiques dans les bibliothèques privées, il faut remarquer que cet essor précoce de la Common Law nous pose une série de questions tout à fait ...
Analysis of Mode I and Mode II Tests for Composites with Translaminar Reinforcements (2005)

This paper presents finite element models to determine the Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness of stitched composites in conjunction with experiments. Two new test methods to measure the Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness of stitched composites are developed. From the experimental load- deflection diagram, the effective fracture toughness can be determined by the area method. However, in order to comprehensively understand the effect of stitches, two parameters, Gc-par (parent material’s fracture toughness) and Gc-eff (effective fracture toughness) are needed to represent the fracture behavior of stitched composites. Gc-par is the intrinsic property of the parent material and is independent of stitch behavior. Gc-eff is the effective critical strain energy release rate that includes the effects of stitching. The purpose of performing the finite element analysis is to identify the correct physical models that represent the stitch interactions with the parent laminate and stitch failure mechanisms. Gc-par and Gc-eff can be obtained through different paths of the J-integral in the FE models. The models help in understanding the effects of stitch stiffness and spacing on the fracture toughness without the need for fabricating and testing stitched composite specimens.
A Design of Power System Stabilizer Applying State-Space Linearization (1993)

A power system stabilizer which stabilizes power oscillations in wider system conditions is proposed. To this purpose, a new state-space linearization methodology is developed which belongs to geometrical nonlinear control theory. Furthermore, the linearization yields linear system that is the first order approximation of the nonlinear system, and nonliear compensator for exact linearization. The feature brings robustness against unmodeled dynamics at least around the origin. Then heuristic approximations are introduced to widen the exactly linearizable class.
Tunable photonic crystal circuits: concepts and designs based on single-pore infiltration (2004)

We demonstrate that the infiltration of individual pores of certain two-dimensional photonic crystals with liquid crystals and (or) polymers provides an efficient platform for the realization of integrated photonic crystal circuitry. As an illustration of this principle, we present designs for monomode photonic crystal wave-guides and certain functional elements, such as waveguide bends, beam splitters, and waveguide intersections. These devices exhibit very low reflection over broad frequency ranges. In addition, we discuss the inherent tunability of these devices that originates in the tunability of the infiltrated material.
Perioperative management of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (2011)

The outcome of bladder cancer patients can be improved. A good-quality transurethral resection of the bladder tumor is crucial and novel technological developments may improve the outcome, but they remain the subject of discussion.
Tracing Axons of Peripheral Nerves in Rats: A Potential Technique to Study the Equine Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (2004)

To study the fascicular anatomy of peripheral nerves, three different groups of retrograde axonal tracers were evaluated: fluorophores, horseradish peroxidase conjugated to subunit B of cholera toxin (CT-HRP), and adeno-associated virus (AAV). The hindlimb nerves in rats served as a model to identify the most efficient tracer in regard to labeling axons within peripheral nerves. The rat's tibial and common peroneal nerves were injected with the different tracers and the sciatic nerve was subsequently examined for evidence of labeled axons. The CT-HRP clearly provided the best results in this rat model. Subsequently, CT-HRP was injected into the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of two horses in order to identify the location and distribution pattern of the RLN axons within the course of the cervical vagus nerve trunk. No labeling could be observed in either of the two horses.
Secretion of Metalloendopeptidase 24.15 (EC 3.4.24.15) (1999)

The metalloendopeptidase EP24.15 (EC3.4.24.15) is a neuropeptide-metabolizing enzyme present in neural and endocrine tissues, presumably functioning extracellularly. Because the majority of the EP24.15 activity is identified in the soluble fraction of cellular homogenates, suggesting that the enzyme is primarily an intracellular protein, we addressed the issue of how EP24.15 arrives in the extracellular environment. We utilized a model system of neuroendocrine secretion, the AtT20 cell. According to both enzymatic activity and immunologic assays, EP24.15 was synthesized in and released from AtT20 cells. Under basal conditions and after stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone or the calcium ionophore A23187, EP24.15 activity accumulated in the culture medium. This secretion was not attributable to cell damage, as judged by the absence of release of cytosolic enzyme markers and the ability to exclude trypan blue dye. Pulse-chase analysis and subcellular fractionation of AtT20 cell extracts suggested that the mechanism of EP24.15 secretion is not solely via classical secretory pathways. Additionally, drugs which disrupt the classical secretory pathway, such as Brefeldin A and nocodazole, blocked A23187-stimulated EP24.15 release yet had no effect on basal EP24.15 release, suggesting differences in the basal and stimulated pathways of secretion for EP24.15. In summary, EP24.15 appears to be secreted from AtT20 pituitary cells into the extracellular milieu, where the enzyme can participate in the physiologic metabolism of neuropeptides.
The influence of endotoxin upon middle ear fibroblasts cultured in normal middle ear gas and atmospheric air (1994)

Otitis media represents a continuum of inflammatory stages frequently in association with bacteria and/or endotoxin. Furthermore, the disease is often treated with insertion of ventilation tubes, which causes hyperoxia relative to the physiological state in the tympanic cavity. The present study was undertaken to quantitate the interaction between endotoxin and relative hyperoxia in cultures of rabbit middle ear fibroblasts incubated in normal middle ear gas and atmospheric air, respectively. Growth was monitored by determination of DNA, cell protein and cell division. The synthetic activity was estimated by collagen production. The antioxidant defense was determined by measuring the intra-and extracellular concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results demonstrated that hyperoxia significantly impaired the growth of middle ear fibroblasts, which was compensated for by addition of endotoxin stimulating the growth. The collagen synthesis increased significantly in atmospheric air with a synergistic effect of endotoxin. Hyperoxia induced intracellular SOD formation, while endotoxin tended to reduce the synthesis. Finally, exposure to atmospheric air caused significantly larger amounts of reducing agents extracellularly in cultures without endotoxin compared to endotoxin incubated cultures. It is suggested that endotoxin possess both synergistic and antagonistic potential as regards the effects of relative hyperoxia, and that the interaction between endotoxin and hyperoxia may be an important factor in otitis media.
Etidronate prevents, but does not reverse, ectopic mineralization in a mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Abcc6−/−) (2016)

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) are heritable disorders manifesting with ectopic tissue mineralization. Most cases of PXE and some cases of GACI are caused by mutations in the <i>ABCC6</i> gene, resulting in reduced plasma pyrophosphate (PPi) levels. There is no effective treatment for these disorders. It has been suggested that administration of bisphosphonates, stable and non-hydrolyzable PPi analogs, could counteract ectopic mineralization in these disorders. In this study we tested the potential efficacy of etidronate, a first generation bisphosphonate, on ectopic mineralization in the muzzle skin of <i>Abcc6<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, a model of PXE. The <i>Abcc6<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice received subcutaneous injections of etidronate, 0.283 and 3.40 mg/kg per injection (0.01× and 0.12×), twice a week, in both prevention and reversal studies. Ectopic mineralization in the dermal sheath of vibrissae in muzzle skin was determined by histopathologic analysis and by direct chemical assay for calcium content. Subcutaneous injection of etidronate prevented ectopic mineralization but did not reverse existing mineralization. The effect of etidronate was accompanied by alterations in the trabecular bone microarchitecture, determined by micro-computed tomography. The results suggest that etidronate may offer a potential treatment modality for PXE and GACI caused by <i>ABCC6</i> mutations. Etidronate therapy should be initiated in PXE patients as soon as the diagnosis is made, with careful monitoring of potential side effects.