gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two SnRK2-Interacting Calcium Sensor Isoforms Negatively Regulate SnRK2 Activity by Different Mechanisms (2019)

SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are key signaling elements regulating abscisic acid-dependent plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Our previous data showed that the SnRK2-interacting Calcium Sensor (SCS) inhibits SnRK2 activity. Use of alternative transcription start sites located within the Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) <i>AtSCS</i> gene results in two in-frame transcripts and subsequently two proteins, that differ only by the sequence position of the N terminus. We previously described the longer AtSCS-A, and now describe the shorter AtSCS-B and compare the two isoforms. The two isoforms differ substantially in their expression profiles in plant organs and in response to environmental stresses, in their calcium binding properties, and in their conformational dynamics in the presence and absence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> Only AtSCS-A has the features of a calcium sensor. Both forms inhibit SnRK2 activity, but while AtSCS-A requires calcium for inhibition, AtSCS-B does not. Analysis of Arabidopsis plants stably expressing <i>35S</i>::<i>AtSCS</i>-<i>A</i>-<i>c</i>-<i>myc</i> or <i>35S</i>::<i>AtSCS</i>-<i>B</i>-<i>c</i>-<i>myc</i> in the <i>scs</i>-<i>1</i> knockout mutant background revealed that, in planta, both forms are negative regulators of abscisic acid-induced SnRK2 activity and regulate plant resistance against water deficit. Moreover, the data highlight biochemical, biophysical, and functional properties of EF-hand-like motifs in plant proteins.
Optimal hypothermia to protect arrested heart in vivo (1104.29) (2014)

Objective: To determine the optimal protective hypothermia in arrested hearts.Methods: Pig hearts in vivo infused with cardiopulmonary bypass; Myocardial velocity (V max) and left ventricular dP/dt max (dP/dt max )was used to present contractility A heart arrested patient treated with 32 degree C cooling protocol.(Kupchik NL:Crit Care Med 37[Suppll]S279,2009).Results: 17 hearts arrested 60 min with 29-35°C. At 60 min of reperfusion (20 min of off-pump), the recovery of Vmax and dP/dtmax show sigmoid curves that consist two plateaus: a good recovery plateau at 29 -30°C and a poor recovery plateau at 34 -35°C (p<0.05). There exists a point of inflection at the right side of the high recovery plateau. That point should be the optimal protective hypothermia (Figure 1). One of the authors suffered from a sudden cardiac arrest more than 6 min. He was treated with hypothermic rescue (32°C ) resulted a full recovery. Conclusion: Around 30.5°C is an optimal protective hypothermia for arrested heart. $graphic_25545225-A8DD-4AB3-9420-5DB3097CE4BD$ Grant Funding Source: Partial support from NIH HL-60666 and CHRMC HR-5836.
Multi-axis stiffness sensing device for medical palpation (2015)

This paper presents an innovative hand-held device able to compute stiffness when interacting with a soft object. The device is composed of four linear indenters and a USB camera. The stiffness is computed in real-time, tracking the movements of spherical features in the image of the camera. Those movements relate to the movements of the four indenters when interacting with a soft surface. Since the indenters are connected to springs with different spring constants, the displacement of the indenters varies when interacting with a soft object. The proposed multi-indenting device allows measuring the object's stiffness as well as the pan and tilt angles between the sensor and the surface of the soft object. Tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed palpation mechanism against commercial springs of known stiffness. Results show that the accuracy and sensitivity of the proposed device increases with the softness of the examined object. Preliminary tests with silicon show the ability of the sensing mechanism to characterize phantom soft tissue for small indentation. It is noted that the results are not affected by the orientation of the device when probing the surface. The proposed sensing device can be used in different applications, such as external palpation for diagnosis or, if miniaturized, embedded on an endoscopic camera and used in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS).
La Constitución de 1886 (2016)

Palabras del Presidente del Tribunal Superior de Medellin doctor JAIME GIRALDO SERNA, en el acto de la posesion del nuevo Gobernador de Antioquia.
Theory of the inverse Faraday effect in view of ultrafast magnetization experiments (2011)

We supplement the theory of the inverse Faraday effect, which was developed in the 1960s, to the conditions used today in ultrafast magnetization experiments. We show that assumptions used to derive the effective Hamiltonian and magnetization are not valid under these conditions. We extended the approach to be applicable to describe magnetization dynamics at femtosecond time scales. We show that after the action of an ultrafast laser pulse the system is brought with a certain probability to a state, the magnetic signature of which is different from before the excitation.
Different requirements for formation of Jun: Jun and Jun: Fos complexes. (1989)

The cFos proto-oncoprotein associates with cJun to form a heterodimer with increased DNA binding and transcriptional activities. It has been suggested that dimerization of these proteins is mediated by the interdigitation of an orderly repeat of leucine residues forming a leucine zipper. In agreement with this model, we find that binding to the AP-1 site requires dimerization of these proteins. Although cFos, itself, does not seem to dimerize and bind to the AP-1 site, Jun: Fos heterodimers have higher stability than Jun homodimers, which accounts for their increased DNA binding activity. Mutational analysis indicates that at least three of the repeated leucines of cJun are important for homodimer formation. However, these residues can be mutated without affecting formation of Jun: Fos heterodimers. In addition, several other residues present between the leucines are also important for both homo- and heterodimerization. These findings provide support for the recent proposal that these proteins dimerize via formation of a coiled coil and suggest that residues other than leucines provide specificity for this interaction. Assuming that dimerization is required for proper alignment of the DNA recognition sites, we generated a cJun mutant containing a small insertion between the dimerization and the DNA recognition domains. This mutant fails to bind DNA, but it acts as a trans-dominant inhibitor of cJun and cFos because it still dimerizes with the wild-type proteins.
Hydrophobic membrane with nanopores developed for efficient energy storage (2017)

Scientists in Germany and South Korea say they have improved a key component of energy storage systems that has the potential to aid their development. Their research shows that a membrane produced from a hydrophobic polymer of intrinsic microporosity can be used as a proton conducting separator in an all-vanadium redox flow battery with unprecedented infinite proton/vanadium selectivity.
Life Cycle Assessment of the Polyvinylidene Fluoride Polymer with Applications in Various Emerging Technologies (2022)

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is one of the most popular fluoropolymers in the market. It is commonly used as pipes and cables, binder materials, and membrane materials. Lately, PVDF is being examined for applications in batteries, biomedical research, chemical engineering, and wastewater management. These PVDF applications cover most emerging technologies, which can be attributed to its outstanding physicochemical properties. With the global demand for PVDF in diverse technologies increasing significantly, it is imperative to quantify the environmental impacts associated with its production. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is a standardized approach for evaluating the environmental impacts of novel materials. However, most previous LCA studies have not accounted for PVDF in a scientifically rigorous manner. While compiling the life cycle inventory (LCI) on PVDF, several kinds of surrogates were chosen to bridge the data gap, rather than establishing the new dataset for PVDF. When we investigate the similarities and differences between PVDF and popular surrogates regarding the synthesis pathways, adopting surrogates to replace PVDF becomes difficult. Due to the use of these surrogates, the global warming potential (GWP) calculated in the literature varies significantly, with a difference of 60.7 kg CO2 equiv between the highest and lowest estimates. After evaluating the life cycle environmental profiles of those commonly used surrogates, we find that the application of surrogates is hardly reliable; besides, the PVDF inventory dataset is underestimated. For this reason, we model the PVDF production process according to the commercialized synthesis approach and assess the cradle-to-gate impacts, which lowers uncertainty. The impact assessment on the PVDF inventory dataset results in an acceptable GWP value (55.8 kg CO2 equiv/kg PVDF), but a high cumulative energy demand (CED, 756 MJ equiv/kg PVDF), due to the large demand for chlorine during the production of vinylidene fluoride (VDF). In terms of uncertainty analysis, the upper and lower bounds for the newly developed LCI dataset for PVDF are 801 and 714 MJ equiv for CED values and 59.1 and 52.8 kg CO2 equiv for GWP values, respectively. Notably, this is the first study to develop a detailed LCI for PVDF involved in emerging technologies.
ECM techniques generator (2006)

The development of electronic countermeasures against target track radars is both an expensive and time-consuming process. One method of cutting development time is to use genetic algorithms to develop electronic countermeasures using integrated software models of the target track radar and the jammer. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of this idea by using a genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of a range gate pull-off electronic countermeasure technique to break the target lock of a generic radar split gate range tracker.
Construction and Building Materials (2013)

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been increasingly used in the last two decades to improve various structural characteristics of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges, buildings and other structures. Ductility of the resulting FRP–concrete system plays an important role in structural performance, especially in certain applications such as earthquake resistant design of structures, where ductility and energy dissipation play a vital role. Wrapping RC columns with FRP has been shown to generally result in significant increase in ductility due to the confinement of concrete by the FRP. Other applications such as flexural strengthening of beams involve tradeoffs between ductility and the desired load capacity. Furthermore, environmental factors may adversely affect the FRP–concrete bond raising concerns about the ductility of the system due to possible premature failure modes. Characterization of these effects requires the use of more involved mechanics concepts other than the simple elastic or ultimate strength analyses. This paper focuses on characterizing ductility of the FRP–concrete systems at different length scales using a combined experimental/computational mechanics approach. Effects of several parameters on ductility, including constituent material properties and their interfaces, FRP reinforcement geometry at the macro- and meso-level, and atomistic structure at the molecular level are discussed. Integration of this knowledge will provide the basis for improved design strategies considering the ductility of FRP–concrete systems from a global as well as local perspective including interface bond behavior under various mechanical and environmental conditions.
Problemstellung und Umfang der Untersuchungen (1972)

Während man in dem fortschreitenden Miniaturisierungsprozeß immer neue Verfahrenstechniken entwickelte, wurde den Kontaktierverfahren relativ wenig Forschungsarbeit gewidmet, obwohl gerade die Schaden sfälle an den Verbindungsstellen zwischen Bauelement und Kontaktierdraht mit ca. 33 % [1,2] den größten Anteil am Ausfall dieser Bau te ile haben. Der Grund liegt darin, daß im sonst weitgehend vollautomatisierten Fertigung sprozeß die Kon taktieru ng immer noch manuell hergestellt wird. Zwar sind die Schweißmaschinen mit Mikromanipulat o ren und Mikroskopen ausgerüstet, aber die menschliche Unzuverlässigkeit macht sich vor allem wegen der Kleinheit der Teile stark bemerkbar. Hinzu kommt, daß die Güte der Schweißung nicht mit zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren beurteilt werden kann. Zerstörende Kurzzeitversuche haben den Nachteil, daß zeitabhängige Erscheinungen, z.B. Diffusion, Legierungsbildung, Kirkendall-Effekt oder“Electromigration” [3,4,5] , nicht erfaßt werden. Teure Langzeituntersuchungen dagegen werden meist als Pyüfung des gesamten Bauteils ausgelegt, wobei die Prüf bedingungen oft den Belastungen des speziellen Anwendungsgebietes angepaßt sind. Diese Ergebnisse können dann kaum auf andere Elektronikbauteile übertragen werden.
Metapopulation dynamics and spatial heterogeneity in cancer (2002)

With the advent of drugs targeting specific molecular defects in cancerous cells [Gorre, M. E., et al. (2001) Science 293, 876-880], it is important to understand the degree of genetic heterogeneity present in tumor cell populations and the rules that govern microdiversity in human cancer. Here, we first show that populations with different genotypes in genes influencing cell growth and programmed cell death coexist in advanced malignant tumors of the colon, exhibiting microsatellite instability. Detailed, physical mapping of the diverse populations shows them to be arranged in small, intermingling areas, resulting in a variegated pattern of diversity. Using computational modeling of the experimental data, we find that the coexistence between similar competitors is enhanced, instead of deterred, by spatial dynamics [Hanski, I. (1999) Metapopulation Dynamics (Oxford Univ. Press, New York)]. The model suggests a simple and plausible scenario for the generation of spatial heterogeneity during tumor progression. The emergence and persistence of the patterns of diversity encountered in the tumors can be generated without a need to invoke differences in mutation rates, neutrality of interactions, or separated time scales. We posit that the rules that apply to spatial ecology and explain the maintenance of diversity are also at work in tumors and may underlie tumor microheterogeneity.
DNA‐Surfactant Interactions. Compaction, Condensation, Decompaction and Phase Separation (2004)

Abstract Recent investigations of the interaction between DNA and alkyltrimethylammonium bromides of various chain lengths are reviewed. Several techniques have been used such as phase map determinations, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy. Dissociation of the DNA‐surfactant complexes, by the addition of anionic surfactant, has received special attention. Precipitation maps for DNA‐cationic surfactant systems were evaluated by turbidimetry for different salt concentrations, temperatures and surfactant chain lengths. Single‐stranded DNA molecules precipitate at lower surfactant concentrations than double‐helix ones. It was also observed that these systems precipitate for very low concentrations of both DNA and surfactant, and that the extension of the two‐phase region increases for longer chain surfactants; these observations correlate well with fluorescence microscopy results, monitoring the system at a single molecule level. Dissociation of the DNA‐cationic surfactant complexes and a concomitant release of DNA was achieved by addition of anionic surfactants. The unfolding of DNA molecules, previously compacted with cationic surfactant, was shown to be strongly dependent on the anionic surfactant chain length; lower amounts of a longer chain surfactant were needed to release DNA into solution. On the other hand, no dependence on the hydrophobicity of the compacting agent was observed. The structures of the aggregates formed by the two surfactants, after the interaction with DNA, were imaged by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. It is possible to predict the structure of the aggregates formed by the surfactants, like vesicles, from the phase behaviour of the mixed surfactant systems. The compaction of a medium size polyanion with shorter polycations was furthermore studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The polyanion chain suffers a sudden collapse as a function of the condensing agent concentration and of the number of charges on the molecules. Further increase of the concentration gives an increase of the degree of compaction. The compaction was found to be associated with the polycations promoting bridging between different sites of the polyanion. When the total charge of the polycations was lower than that of the polyanion, a significant translational motion of the compacting agent along the polyanion was observed, producing only a small‐degree of intrachain segregation. However, complete charge neutralization was not a prerequisite to achieve compacted forms.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIPHASE CATALYSIS. APPLICATIONS TO ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (1977)

Abstract Als Triphasen‐Katalyse wird der Zusatz von polymeren Salzen wie (I) bei einer Zweiphasen‐Umsetzung verstanden.
Renal dysfunctions secondary to ifosfamide treatment in children. (1997)

With the increasing use of ifosfamide in pediatric tumors, nephrotoxicity became the point of interest since it may cause chronic morbidity. In this study, the renal glomerular and tubular functions of 25 cases with solid tumors aged between 2-17 years (median 9) who were treated with ifosfamide, were investigated. For this purpose, routine blood urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, electrolytes, urinary creatinine, phosphorus, glucose, protein and urinary retinol binding protein as well as microglobulin were evaluated. Except for two patients who had hypophosphatemia, phosphaturia, and proteinuria, all the cases had normal blood biochemistry, creatinine clearance, tubular phosphate reabsorption; and none had proteinuria, hematuria, or glycosuria. In spite of these findings, urine beta 2 microglobulin and retinol binding protein were found to be high in 11 patients and this elevation persisted during the following one year in 8 cases whose treatments were stopped and their levels increased in three patients who continued to receive fosfamide therapy. In correlation with the increasing cumulative dose of ifosfamide (32-126 g/m2), urinary retinol binding protein or beta 2 microglobulin of patients who are treated with ifosfamide may predict the existence of renal toxicity even if other routine renal function tests are normal. Thus, the periodic evaluation of urinary beta 2 microglobulin and retinol binding protein in patients receiving chemotherapy containing ifosfamide is recommended.
Microassembly technologies for MEMS (1998)

Microassembly promises to extend MEMS beyond the confines of silicon micromachining. This paper surveys research in both serial and parallel microassembly. The former extends conventional 'pick and place' assembly into the micro-domain, where surface forces play a dominant role. Parallel assembly involves the simultaneous precise organization of an ensemble of micro components. This can be achieved by microstructure transfer between aligned wafers or arrays of binding sites that trap an initially random collection of parts. Binding sites can be micromachined cavities or electrostatic traps; short-range attractive forces and random agitation of the parts serve to fill the sites. Microassembly strategies should furnish reliable mechanical bonds and electrical interconnection between the micropart and the target substrate or subassembly.
The coagulation system in patients with end‐stage liver disease (2014)

In patients with cirrhosis, routine laboratory tests for primary hemostasis and coagulation usually show anomalies that are associated with excess bleeding in other settings, in particular low platelet counts and prolonged prothrombin time. However, under conditions similar to those in vivo, primary hemostasis and thrombin production do not appear to be decreased in patients with cirrhosis, particularly when the platelet count is above 75,000/μl. Furthermore, there is laboratory and epidemiological evidence of a mild procoagulant and prothrombotic state in patients with cirrhosis. Bleeding is mainly because of portal hypertension rather than defective hemostasis. There is some evidence that anticoagulation therapy is not associated with an excess of severe bleeding and that it could improve the outcome in patients without portal vein thrombosis. At present, there is no clear evidence that portal vein thrombosis is responsible for the progression of liver disease and that anticoagulation therapy would improve the outcome of patients with portal vein thrombosis.
Effects of Lymphokines and Immune Complexes on Murine Placental Cell Growth in Vitro1 (1989)

Isolated murine placental cells obtained at Day 16 of allogeneic gestation (C3H x DBA/2J) were cultured for 3 days alone or in coculture with irradiated mouse splenocytes at the end of which 3H-thymidine was added for an additional 18-h culture to assess cell proliferation. Placental cell proliferation was significantly enhanced at spleen cell:placental cell ratios of 10:1 and 25:1 above that observed in the absence of added spleen cells. The stimulatory effect of irradiated allogeneic (C3H plus Balb/cJ) spleen cell cultures was significantly greater (approximately 2-fold) than that of isogeneic spleen cells (C3H alone). Conditioned medium from murine spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A (ConA) to induce lymphokine production had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on proliferation when added to placental cell cultures over a range of concentrations from 10 to 40% (vol:vol). Addition of pseudo "immune complexes" in the form of heat-aggregated human gamma globulin (AHGG) to culture medium failed to alter placental cell proliferation over a range of concentrations from 2 to 200 micrograms/ml either in the absence or presence of ConA-conditioned medium. In contrast to late-gestational stage placental cells, cell suspensions obtained from Days 8-9 murine ectoplacental cone (EPC) outgrowths, or from earlier stage placentas (Days 12-14) responded to low concentrations of conditioned medium from ConA-stimulated splenocytes with increased proliferation. The effect was less impressive on placental cells at gestational ages later than 12 days than on earlier stage preparations. On all placental cell suspensions tested, as well as EPC cells, a clear-cut inhibition of growth was observed at high doses of conditioned medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)