gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting optical absorption characteristics from semiconductor nanowire arrays (2022)

A method based on extraction of the effective absorption coefficient using Beer-Lambert's law on simulated transmissions is used to understand the optical absorption characteristics of semiconductor nanowire arrays. Three different semiconductor nanowire arrays, viz. silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), are evaluated using the method. These semiconductors were chosen since two of them have similar real parts of the refractive index in the visible range, while the other two have comparable imaginary parts of the refractive index in the visible range. We examine the roles of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index in enhancing the absorption characteristics in the nanowire arrays due to the excitation of radial and photonic Bloch modes. We observe that high absorption peaks at modal resonances correspond to the resonance peaks in reflections from the nanowire-air interface. Further, the wavelengths of these two peak resonances are slightly detuned according to the Kramers-Kronig relation for an oscillator system. The study confirms that the resonance wavelengths of radial HE modes are diameter and refractive index dependent. The study extends the understanding to the absorption characteristics due to the excitation of the photonic Bloch modes caused by near-field coupling. Excitation of Bloch modes leads to increased absorption and quality factor as compared to only radial mode excitation. We also conclude that the imaginary part of the refractive index of the semiconductor, influence the diameters at which Bloch modes are excited for a given lattice spacing. We observe that semiconductors with a higher bulk value of absorption coefficient need to be ordered more densely in the nanowire array to be able to excite the photonic crystal modes within the array. Interestingly, we see that for Si, GaAs and a-Si arrays with an equal diameter of 80 nm and lattice spacing of 400 nm, the peak absorption is almost the same, even though GaAs and a-Si are highly absorptive materials compared to Si. Thus, both radial and Bloch mode excitations can be used to design absorption profiles in a semiconductor nanowire array.
Widespread mRNA polyadenylation events in introns indicate dynamic interplay between polyadenylation and splicing (2007)

mRNA polyadenylation and pre-mRNA splicing are two essential steps for the maturation of most human mRNAs. Studies have shown that some genes generate mRNA variants involving both alternative polyadenylation and alternative splicing. Polyadenylation in introns can lead to conversion of an internal exon to a 3' terminal exon, which is termed composite terminal exon, or usage of a 3' terminal exon that is otherwise skipped, which is termed skipped terminal exon. Using cDNA/EST and genome sequences, we identified polyadenylation sites in introns for all currently known human genes. We found that approximately 20% human genes have at least one intronic polyadenylation event that can potentially lead to mRNA variants, most of which encode different protein products. The conservation of human intronic poly(A) sites in mouse and rat genomes is lower than that of poly(A) sites in 3'-most exons. Quantitative analysis of a number of mRNA variants generated by intronic poly(A) sites suggests that the intronic polyadenylation activity can vary under different cellular conditions for most genes. Furthermore, we found that weak 5' splice site and large intron size are the determining factors controlling the usage of composite terminal exon poly(A) sites, whereas skipped terminal exon poly(A) sites tend to be associated with strong polyadenylation signals. Thus, our data indicate that dynamic interplay between polyadenylation and splicing leads to widespread polyadenylation in introns and contributes to the complexity of transcriptome in the cell.
A method to improve cotton fiber length measurement for laboratory analysis (2020)

Cotton fiber length is an essential parameter for the cotton industry and cotton research. However, differences between industry- and laboratory-scale ginning may lead to inconsistencies between research and industry results for measured length. Seedcotton from farms is processed in large industry-scale gins, while researchers typically use small laboratory-scale gins. The proposed method successfully reduces the differences in fiber length parameters between these two types of ginning. Only one new step is needed before assessing fiber quality in lint from a laboratory-scale gin to simulate the processing effect of an industry-scale gin.•Cotton seeds and lint are separated from seedcotton with a laboratory-scale gin.•Lint is post-processed with a laboratory-scale lint cleaner, the micro dust and trash analyzer 3.•The length fiber quality profile resembles the results of industry-scale ginned samples.
A Comparative Study on String Matching Algorithm of Biological Sequences (2014)

String matching algorithm plays the vital role in the Computational Biology. The functional and structural relationship of the biological sequence is determined by similarities on that sequence. For that, the researcher is supposed to aware of similarities on the biological sequences. Pursuing of similarity among biological sequences is an important research area of that can bring insight into the evolutionary and genetic relationships among the genes. In this paper, we have studied different kinds of string matching algorithms and observed their time and space complexities. For this study, we have assessed the performance of algorithms tested with biological sequences.
A Targeted Association Study of Immunity Genes and Networks Suggests Novel Associations with Placental Malaria Infection (2011)

A large proportion of the death toll associated with malaria is a consequence of malaria infection during pregnancy, causing up to 200,000 infant deaths annually. We previously published the first extensive genetic association study of placental malaria infection, and here we extend this analysis considerably, investigating genetic variation in over 9,000 SNPs in more than 1,000 genes involved in immunity and inflammation for their involvement in susceptibility to placental malaria infection. We applied a new approach incorporating results from both single gene analysis as well as gene-gene interactions on a protein-protein interaction network. We found suggestive associations of variants in the gene KLRK1 in the single gene analysis, as well as evidence for associations of multiple members of the IL-7/IL-7R signalling cascade in the combined analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale genetic study on placental malaria infection to date, opening the door for follow-up studies trying to elucidate the genetic basis of this neglected form of malaria.
General-Purpose Systems for Effective Construction Simulation (1999)

This paper examines the characteristics of discrete-event simulation systems in terms of their application breadth (general or special purpose), modeling paradigm (process interaction versus activity scanning), and flexibility (programmable or not). Several construction simulation systems are examined with primary emphasis on CYCLONE and STROBOSCOPE as representatives of the wide range of tools that are currently available. CYCLONE is a well-established, widely used, and simple system that is easy to learn and effective for modeling many simple construction operations. STROBOSCOPE is a programmable and extensible simulation system designed for modeling complex construction operations in detail and for the development of special-purpose simulation tools. The characteristics of these systems, as well as other recent developments, illustrate that an effective general-purpose simulation tool for construction is in essence one based on extended forms of activity cycle diagrams and the activity scanning modeling paradigm. As explained through several examples, these representations are indeed the most convenient and intuitive for construction simulation systems. Furthermore, the programmability of such a system is the principal factor that determines its power, flexibility, and ease of learning and use.
Persicanidine A, a Novel Cerveratrum Alkaloid from the Bulbs of Fritillaria persica (1992)

Abstract Persicanidine A, a novel cerveratrum alkaloid was isolated from the fresh bulbs of Fritillaria persica together with a known alkaloid, delavine. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Persicanidine A is unique in structure having the D/E trans (H-13α/H-17β) and E/F cis (cis-quinolizidine) ring fusions. Persicanidine A and delavine were active as a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
Regulation of hematopoiesis by gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (2001)

Gap junctions are intercellular channels formed by individual structural units known as connexins (Cx) that allow the intercellular exchange of small molecules between cells. The presence of Cx protein in bone marrow and thymic stromal cells and the demonstration that these cells are functionally coupled have led to the hypothesis that groups of stromal cells in the bone marrow and thymus form a functional syncytium through which their hematopoietic support capacity is coordinated. The validity of this hypothesis was recently tested in a newly developed strain of mice in which the gene encoding Cx43, the principal Cx expressed in hematopoietic tissues, was disrupted. Studies of myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in these Cx43-deficient mice revealed that expression of Cx43 in the bone marrow and thymus is critically important during periods of active hematopoiesis, such as during embryogenesis and after recovery from cytoablative treatments. The clinical implications of these observations, as well as issues that remain to be addressed to understand the mechanism(s) by which gap junctions regulate hematopoiesis, are addressed.
Active learning of self-concordant like multi-index functions (2015)

We study the problem of actively learning a multi-index function of the form f(x) = g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> x) from its point evaluations, where A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k×d</sup> with k ≫ d. We build on the assumptions and techniques of an existing approach based on low-rank matrix recovery (Tyagi and Cevher, 2012). Specifically, by introducing an additional self- concordant like assumption on g0 and adapting the sampling scheme and its analysis accordingly, we provide a bound on the sampling complexity with a weaker dependence on d in the presence of additive Gaussian sampling noise. For example, under natural assumptions on certain other parameters, the dependence decreases from O(d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3/2</sup> ) to O(d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¾</sup> ).
A path model of smoking behaviour among senior high school students in Taiwan (2015)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which social smoking expectations mediate the relationship between adolescent smoking behaviour and the smoking behaviour of family and peers. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Setting: Taiwan, Republic of China. Method: The participants were 921 senior high school students who completed a questionnaire to measure smoking status, family and peer smoking and social smoking expectations. The survey was conducted from November to December in 2009. Structural equation modelling was performed to test a mediation model. Analysis was performed using PRELIS 2 and LISREL 8.7 software. Results: After adjusting for students’ gender, age and school type, it is clear that social expectations mediate the relationship between sibling smoking, peer smoking and adolescent smoking. The path coefficients of sibling and peer smoking on social expectations in the mediator model were moderate, β = .15–.41, p &lt; .05, but the coefficient of social expectations on adolescent smoking was strong, β = .95, p &lt; .001. The total indirect effects between exogenous latent variables and adolescent smoking were .54, indicating a strong association that, in this model, is explained by the mediation of social expectations. Conclusion: Determining the mechanisms that influence adolescent smoking is of scientific interest because knowledge of these mechanisms is a prerequisite for the development of recommendations aimed at prevention. With this knowledge, health professionals can develop smoking-prevention policies and education programmes based on reducing the mediating effect of social smoking expectations on the relationship of family smoking and peer smoking with adolescent smoking.
ACS Guidelines: Past, Present, And Future (2008)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTACS Guidelines: Past, Present, And FutureMADELEINE JOULLIÉCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2008, 86, 30, 74Publication Date (Print):July 28, 2008Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 28 July 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v086n030.p074https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n030.p074newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
MMP Inhibitors Augment Fibroblast Adhesion through Stabilization of Focal Adhesion Contacts and Up-regulation of Cadherin Function (2001)

Increased pericellular proteolysis due to an imbalance between MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) promotes early stages of tumorigenesis. We have reported that TIMP-1 down-regulation confers tumorigenicity on immortal Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. In pursuit of the mechanism involved in this transformation, we asked whether MMP inhibitors modulate contact inhibition and cell adhesion, because the dysregulation of these events is essential for cellular transformation. Using both genetic and biochemical means, we demonstrate that MMP inhibitors regulate fibroblast cell adhesion. TIMP-1 down-regulated cells formed dense, multilayered colonies, suggesting a loss of contact inhibition. Recombinant TIMP-1 and synthetic MMP inhibitors (MMPi) restored normal cell contact and density of these cells in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, the effect of MMPi on both cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion were investigated. Upon MMPi treatment, p125(FAK) was redistributed, together with vinculin, to points of cell-ECM contact. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p125(FAK) was restored to levels similar to that of wild type. In parallel, MMPi treatment increased cadherin levels and stabilized cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts. Moreover, enhanced cadherin function was evident as increased calcium-dependent cell-cell aggregation and co-localization of cadherin and beta-catenin at the cell membrane. We also obtained independent evidence of altered cadherin function using timp-1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our data provide provocative evidence that increased pericellular proteolysis impacts cell adhesion systems to offset normal contact inhibition, with subsequent effects on cell transformation and tumorigenesis.
Figure S6 from Hbo1 Is a Cyclin E/CDK2 Substrate That Enriches Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6: Salinomycin treatment induces a shift from CD44hi/CD24lo population to CD44hi/CD24hi population in LMW-E-expressing tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Highly effective and practical enantioselective synthesis of half-esters of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanedicarboxylic acid (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly effective and practical enantioselective synthesis of half-esters of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanedicarboxylic acidMitsuaki Ohtani, Takaharu Matsuura, Fumihiko Watanabe, and Masayuki NarisadaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 13, 4120–4123Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00013a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00013a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reliability of Statistics on Down's Syndrome Notifications (1997)

There is considerable underreporting of Down's syndrome births and terminations to ONS. The NDSCR data are more complete and therefore the effects of screening should be monitored using data from this source, or using estimates derived from the age specific rates of Down's syndrome.
Application of model-based damage identification to a seismically loaded structure (2001)

The aim of the presented model-based damage identification approach is to detect, localize and quantify changes in a mechanical structure due to damage by means of a computational model and measured changes of the structure's dynamic behavior. An inverse sensitivity problem is formulated, leading to a large number of damage parameters when the structure has many structural members. While the number of potential candidates for the damage locations is very large, usually there are only very few active parameters concentrating on the damaged areas. It turns out that the parameter subset selection is an essential step. The method is applied to a large scale structure, the so-called Steelquake structure, a two-storey building, which was subjected to a seismic loading. Cracks at different locations developed during this loading. All crack locations are successfully identified by the algorithm, but one undamaged position was also localized. Additional simulation studies show that errors in the measurement data can cause a false indication of damage.
Narrow channel spacing interleavers with low-chromatic dispersion for high-speed DWDM/OADM applications (2002)

As data rate of fiber optic communication systems increases to 10Gb/s or higher, chromatic dispersion (CD) of DWDM components becomes increasingly important. It has been shown that chromatic dispersion of passive components could have a detrimental effect on the performance of a 10Gb/s system. In this paper, we discuss chromatic dispersion of an important passive device: interleavers. To achieve better bandwidth efficiency, some system designers have started to evaluate 25GHz interleavers for their next generation products. However, the chromatic dispersion of an uncompensated 25 GHz interleave, regardless of its design, is 16 times larger than that of a 100 GHz interleaver of the same type. For example, if a 100GHz interleaver of certain design has an average CD of 40ps/nm, a 25GHz interleaver (uncompensated) of the same type would have a CD of 640ps/nm several interleavers available on the market. We show that chromatic dispersion of the interleavers is dominated by structural dispersion instead of material dispersion. The CD slopes and ripples of some interleavers can be reduced or completely compensated by innovative designs. We present an interleaver design with extremely small Cd and CD ripple. Finally, we present a 10Gb/s 160-channel transport application by using the low-CD 25GHz interleavers.
A New Soy Flour‐Based Adhesive for Making Interior Type II Plywood (2007)

Abstract In this study, we developed a formaldehyde‐free adhesive from abundant, renewable, and inexpensive soy flour (SF). The main ingredients of this adhesive included SF, polyethylenimine (PEI), and maleic anhydride (MA). The optimum formulation of this adhesive and the optimum hot‐press conditions for making plywood were investigated. A three‐cycle soak test and a boiling water test (BWT) were employed for evaluating the strength and water‐resistance of plywood bonded with this adhesive. Results showed that SF, PEI, MA and sodium hydroxide were all essential components for the adhesive and the SF/PEI/MA weight ratio of 7/1.0/0.32 resulted in the highest water‐resistance. When the hot‐press temperature was in the range of 140–170 °C, both water‐resistance and shear strength of plywood bonded with the adhesive remained statistically the same, except that the dry shear strength of plywood at 170 °C was statistically lower than that at 160 °C. When the hot‐press time ranged from 2 to 6 min, the plywood panels at 5 min had the highest boiling water test/wet (BWT/w) shear strength. The plywood panels made at 5 min had a higher dry shear strength than those made at 3 min. Plywood panels bonded with this SF/PEI/MA adhesive exceeded the requirements for interior applications.
Citrus Tree Segmentation from UAV Images Based on Monocular Machine Vision in a Natural Orchard Environment (2019)

The segmentation of citrus trees in a natural orchard environment is a key technology for achieving the fully autonomous operation of agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Therefore, a tree segmentation method based on monocular machine vision technology and a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm are proposed in this paper to segment citrus trees precisely under different brightness and weed coverage conditions. To reduce the sensitivity to environmental brightness, a selective illumination histogram equalization method was developed to compensate for the illumination, thereby improving the brightness contrast for the foreground without changing its hue and saturation. To accurately differentiate fruit trees from different weed coverage backgrounds, a chromatic aberration segmentation algorithm and the Otsu threshold method were combined to extract potential fruit tree regions. Then, 14 color features, five statistical texture features, and local binary pattern features of those regions were calculated to establish an SVM segmentation model. The proposed method was verified on a dataset with different brightness and weed coverage conditions, and the results show that the citrus tree segmentation accuracy reached 85.27% ± 9.43%; thus, the proposed method achieved better performance than two similar methods.