gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(R,R)-(−)-NORPHOS and (S,S)-(+)-NORPHOS (2015)

[71042-54-1] C31H28P2 (MW 462.51) InChI = 1S/C31H28P2/c1-5-13-26(14-6-1)32(27-15-7-2-8-16-27)30-24-21-22-25(23-24)31(30)33(28-17-9-3-10-18-28)29-19-11-4-12-20-29/h1-22,24-25,30-31H,23H2/t24-,25?,30-,31-/m1/s1 InChIKey = CDJHPMXMJUCLPA-DNAQKICHSA-N (MW 462.51) [71042-55-2] C31H28P2 InChI = 1S/C31H28P2/c1-5-13-26(14-6-1)32(27-15-7-2-8-16-27)30-24-21-22-25(23-24)31(30)33(28-17-9-3-10-18-28)29-19-11-4-12-20-29/h1-22,24-25,30-31H,23H2/t24-,25?,30+,31+/m1/s1 InChIKey = CDJHPMXMJUCLPA-WNSUECNHSA-N (optically active reagent used as a ligand in homogeneous transition metal-chiral phosphine catalyst systems for asymmetric reactions) Alternate Name: (2R,3R)-(−)-2,3- Bis(diphenylphosphino)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene, (2S,3S)-(+)-2,3- Bis(diphenylphosphino)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene. Physical Data: (R,R)-(−)-NORPHOS: [α]20578−43.5 °(c 1, CHCl3), mp 129–130 °C;1 (S,S)-(+)-NORPHOS: [α]20578 + 45 °(c 1, CHCl3), mp 129–130 °C.1 Solubility: soluble in chloroform and other common organic solvents. Form Supplied in: both (S,S)-(+)- and (R,R)-(−)-NORPHOS are available from Strem Chemicals, 7 Mulliken Way, Dexter Industrial Park, Newburyport, MA 01950-9899. (S,S)-(+)-NORPHOS is supplied as a colorless microcrystalline solid: mp 112–115 °C; (R,R)-(−)-NORPHOS is supplied as a colorless microcrystalline solid: mp 116–119 °C. Preparative Methods: from the Diels–Alder adduct of cyclopentadiene and trans-vinylenebis(diphenylphosphorane oxide)2 followed by optical resolution of the resulting [4+2] cycloadduct and subsequent reduction with trichlorosilane (eq 1).3 (1) Purification: can be purified by recrystallization from acetone.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: NORPHOS is air-sensitive; storage, handling, and other operations that involve NORPHOS should be performed under an inert atmosphere. In general, alkyldiarylphosphines are irritants; skin contact should be avoided, and care should be exercised to avoid vapor inhalation.
Experimental and Computational Thermochemical Study of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids:l-Cysteine,l-Cystine, andl-Cysteine-Derived Radicals. S−S, S−H, and C−S Bond Dissociation Enthalpies (2010)

This paper reports an experimental and theoretical study of the standard (p(degrees) = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation at T = 298.15 K of the sulfur-containing amino acids l-cysteine [CAS 52-90-4] and l-cystine [CAS 56-89-3]. The standard (p(degrees) = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of crystalline l-cysteine and l-cystine were calculated from the standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, to yield CO2(g) and H2SO4.115H2O, measured by rotating-bomb combustion calorimetry at T = 298.15 K. The vapor pressures of l-cysteine were measured as function of temperature by the Knudsen effusion mass-loss technique. The standard molar enthalpy of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, was derived from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The experimental values were used to calculate the standard (p(degrees) = 0.1 MPa) enthalpy of formation of l-cysteine in the gaseous phase, DeltafH(degrees)m(g) = -382.6 +/- 1.8 kJ x mol-1. Due to the low vapor pressures of l-cystine and since this compound decomposes at the temperature range required for a possible sublimation, it was not possible to determine its enthalpy of sublimation. Standard ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP and/or G3 levels were performed. Enthalpies of formation, using atomization and isodesmic reactions, were calculated and compared with experimental data. A value of -755 +/- 10 kJ x mol-1 was estimated for the enthalpy of formation of cystine. Detailed inspections of the molecular and electronic structures of the compounds studied were carried out. Finally, bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of S-H, S-S, and C-S bonds, and enthalpies of formation of l-cysteine-derived radicals, were also computed.
Design and implementation of a uniplanar gradient field coil for magnetic resonance imaging (2004)

Abstract A new approach to design uniplanar gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. The theoretical formulation involves a constraint cost function between the desired field in a particular region of interest in space and the current‐carrying coil plane based on Biot‐Savart's integral equation. An appropriate weight function in conjunction with linear approximation functions allows the transformation of the problem formulation into a linear matrix equation in which its iterative solution yields discrete current elements in terms of magnitude and direction within the prescribed coil plane. These current elements can be synthesized into an overall practical wire configuration by suitably adding individual wire loops. Numerical predictions and practical testing for a G y gradient coil underscore the success of this approach in terms of achieving a highly linear field while maintaining low parasitic fields. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 20B: 17–29, 2004
Sensitivity of miniature packaged long external cavity laser (LEC) to mechanical vibrations and ambient temperature (1990)

A miniature LEC laser was maintained in the same longitudinal mode as the ambient temperature was cycled between 5 and 40 degrees C, and operated continuously in the same mode for a period >1680 hours (70 days). Its optical frequency deviation was less than 120 MHz for a 2 m/s/sup 2/ mechanical vibration level in the frequency range 40 Hz-20 kHz. >
Vacuum ultraviolet surface modification of organic materials (2008)

etching of the alkylsilane monolayers.Table 1.1.UV-induced etching of polymers.Polymer Ambient Light sources () Remarks PET Air Vacuum Vacuum ArF* (193 nm) ArF* (193 nm), low pressure mercury lamp (185, 254 nm) 1.2 m/pulse (0.37 J/cm 2 ) XPS, SEM PI Air Vacuum Air Vacuum ArF*, KrF*, XeCl* (193, 248, 308 nm) XeCl* (308 nm) F 2 *,
Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices (2008)

3D superlattices of fluorescent gold nanoparticles are prepared at an air/water interface. The hexagonal assembly extends over several micrometers, and crystals of triangular morphology are imaged using the fluorescence emission of the monolayers protecting the nanoparticles (see figure). Surprisingly, the superlattices are fluorescent even though the fluorescein derivative is close to the metallic core and strong quenching is expected. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Contribution of high‐throughput DNA sequencing to the study of primary immunodeficiencies (2014)

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are inborn errors of the immune system. PIDs have been characterized immunologically for the last 60 years and genetically, principally by Sanger DNA sequencing, over the last 30 years. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 2011, with the development of whole-exome sequencing in particular, has facilitated the identification of previously unknown genetic lesions. NGS is rapidly generating a stream of candidate variants for an increasing number of genetically undefined PIDs. The use of NGS technology is ushering in a new era, by facilitating the discovery and characterization of new PIDs in patients with infections and other phenotypes, thereby helping to improve diagnostic accuracy. This review provides a historical overview of the identification of PIDs before NGS, and the advances and limitations of the use of NGS for the diagnosis and characterization of PIDs.
In Vitro Alpha-Fetoprotein Synthesis by Monkey Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1978)

Five monkeys were treated ip with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), and one was treated with 1-nitrosopiperidine (PIP), starting within 2 months of birth, until hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed. All animals except the PIP-treated monkey had much elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values. Fresh, minced, biopsy-derived tumor was cultured with L-[14C]leucine and L-[14C]lysine. Synthesis of AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and by specifically precipitable [14C]AFP. Good agreement between these two parameters was obtained for the 4 DENA-induced tumors synthesizing AFP in culture. Tumor from 1 DENA-treated monkey did not synthesize AFP. In addition, neither normal liver nor tumor from the PIP-treated monkey showed AFP synthesis. Rates of synthesis were 0.37-5.50 ng AFP/mg tumor/day, or 0.0012-0.0183 pg AFP/cell/day (if one assumes 3.0 X 10(5) cells/mg tissue) over 48 or 72 hours. Different nodules from the same animal had similar rates of synthesis. For tumors that synthesized AFP in culture, a positive correlation was generally found between rate of synthesis and serum AFP level. The rate of in vitro AFP synthesis observed was lower than that of immunoglobulin synthesis in human myeloma or of AFP synthesis in a rat HCC, but it was close to the estimated rate of AFP synthesis in a monkey HCC line in long-term culture.
Rac1 drives intestinal stem cell proliferation and regeneration (2013)

Adult stem cells are responsible for maintaining the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within self-renewing tissues. The molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating such balance are poorly understood. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has emerged as an important mediator of stem cell homeostasis in various systems. Our recent work demonstrates that Rac1-dependent ROS production mediates intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we use the adult Drosophila midgut and the mouse small intestine to directly address the role of Rac1 in ISC proliferation and tissue regeneration in response to damage. Our results demonstrate that Rac1 is necessary and sufficient to drive ISC proliferation and regeneration in an ROS-dependent manner. Our data point to an evolutionarily conserved role of Rac1 in intestinal homeostasis and highlight the value of combining work in the mammalian and Drosophila intestine as paradigms to study stem cell biology.
Reversal of atypical depression, sleepiness, and REM-sleep propensity in narcolepsy with bupropion. (1998)

We successfully treated a 46-year-old narcoleptic woman suffering from atypical depression with bupropion hydrochloride. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of 24, a short nocturnal REM-sleep latency, subjective and objective sleepiness (mean sleep latency (MSL) = 1.8 minutes), and three sleep onset REM-sleep periods during the five nap multiple sleep latency test. Bupropion (100 mg t.i.d.) normalized her mood (BDI = 6), sleepiness (MSL = 9.1 minutes), and REM-sleep propensity. Upon discontinuation of bupropion, these parameters reverted to pretreatment levels. This "activating" antidepressant's reversal of the sleepiness and REM-sleep propensity in narcolepsy may be due to blockade of dopamine or norepinephrine reuptake. Clinicians need to be alert to the fact that depression can mask the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Bupropion warrants further investigation as a treatment for narcolepsy in an open-label, double-blind, placebo-controlled paradigm.
Optimization of enzymes concentration in hydrolysis of alkaline-pretreated cotton-based waste textiles (2010)

Optimization of enzymes concentration in hydrolysis of alkaline-pretreated cotton-based waste textiles
eIF5A2 is an alternative pathway for cell proliferation in cetuximab-treated epithelial hepatocellular carcinoma. (2016)

Heaptocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a great health problem around the world. Recently, the cetuximab has been implicated to have therapeutic values for HCC. However, cetuximab-resistance has also been synchronously reported pertaining to HCC treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the role of eIF5A2 in cetuximab-treated HCC cell proliferation, and whether eIF5A2 specific inhibitor GC7 has any effects on cetuximab-mediated proliferation inhibition in HCC cell lines. It was observed that GC7 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in HCC cell lines. GC7 synergized cetuximab to inhibit the proliferation in epithelial HCC cell lines HepG2, Huh7 and Hep3B, but not in mesenchymal cell lines SNU387 and SNU449. Knockdown of eIF5A-2 by specific siRNA exhibited the similar effects as GC7 did. In cetuximab-treated cells, cetuximab decreased the protein level of EGFR and phosphorylated STAT3 and unexpectedly up-regulated the expression level of eIF5A2, indicating the activation of eIF5A2 pathway. In turn, cetuximab also synergized GC7 to inhibit cell proliferation in epithelial cell lines. GC7 also suppressed hypoxia-induced cell proliferation in epithelial cell lines. These data suggest that eIF5A2 is an alternative pathway for cell proliferation in epithelial HCC cells escaping from the cytotoxicity of cetuximab. The eIF5A inhibitor GC7 might be a potent agent that promotes the cytotoxicity of cetuximab on epithelial HCC cells.
Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology. (1994)

The underlying atherosclerotic plaque morphology in complicated coronary artery lesions causing acute myocardial infarction is heterogeneous with respect to both plaque architecture and cellular composition. However, the immediate site of plaque rupture or erosion is always marked by an inflammatory process. This suggests that inflammation plays a role in destabilizing the fibrous cap tissue and, thus, in enhancing the risk of coronary thrombosis.
Interocular suppression in amblyopia for global orientation processing (2013)

We developed a dichoptic global orientation coherence paradigm to quantify interocular suppression in amblyopia. This task is biased towards ventral processing and allows comparison with two other techniques-global motion processing, which is more dorsally biased, and binocular phase combination, which most likely reflects striate function. We found a similar pattern for the relationship between coherence threshold and interocular contrast curves (thresholds vs. interocular contrast ratios or TvRs) in our new paradigm compared with those of the previous dichoptic global motion coherence paradigm. The effective contrast ratios at balance point (where the signals from the two eyes have equal weighting) in our new paradigm were larger than those of the dichoptic global motion coherence paradigm but less than those of the binocular phase combination paradigm. The measured effective contrast ratios in the three paradigms were also positively correlated with each other, with the two global coherence paradigms having the highest correlation. We concluded that: (a) The dichoptic global orientation coherence paradigm is effective in quantifying interocular suppression in amblyopia; and (b) Interocular suppression, while sharing a common suppression mechanism at the early stage in the pathway (e.g., striate cortex), may have additional extra-striate contributions that affect both dorsal and ventral streams differentially.
How to name atoms in phosphates, polyphosphates, their derivatives and mimics, and transition state analogues for enzyme-catalysed phosphoryl transfer reactions (IUPAC Recommendations 2016) (2017)

Abstract Procedures are proposed for the naming of individual atoms, P, O, F, N, and S in phosphate esters, amidates, thiophosphates, polyphosphates, their mimics, and analogues of transition states for enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions. Their purpose is to enable scientists in very different fields, e.g. biochemistry, biophysics, chemistry, computational chemistry, crystallography, and molecular biology, to share standard protocols for the labelling of individual atoms in complex molecules. This will facilitate clear and unambiguous descriptions of structural results, as well as scientific intercommunication concerning them. At the present time, perusal of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and other sources shows that there is a limited degree of commonality in nomenclature, but a large measure of irregularity in more complex structures. The recommendations described here adhere to established practice as closely as possible, in particular to IUPAC and IUBMB recommendations and to “best practice” in the PDB, especially to its atom labelling of amino acids, and particularly to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules for stereochemical nomenclature. They are designed to work in complex enzyme sites for binding phosphates but also to have utility for non-enzymatic systems. Above all, the recommendations are designed to be easy to comprehend and user-friendly.
6.4 Single-shot 200Mfps 5&#x00D7;3-aperture compressive CMOS imager (2015)

Ultra-high-speed cameras are a powerful tool for biology as well as physics and mechanics to analyze the process of ultra-high-speed phenomena. The frame rate of the state-of-the-art burst-readout ultra-high-speed silicon imagers has reached approximately 20Mfps [1,2]. To observe faster phenomena such as plasma generation in laser processing, the state of electrons in a chemical reaction, and so on, much faster cameras are desired. There are several factors that prevent the speed-up of the ultra-high-speed imager: high gate control voltages and high power dissipation for high-efficiency multi-stage charge transfer in CCD imagers, and the current density limit of the power and ground lines and RC-constant of the vertical readout lines in CMOS imagers. Computational imaging can be a promising option to break the design limit of solid-state ultra-high-speed imagers. Several dedicated CMOS imagers have been demonstrated [3,4]. This paper presents a demonstration of a single-chip ultra-high-speed multi-aperture CMOS imager based on compressive sampling. The imager performs single-shot burst-readout image acquisition at a frame rate of 200Mfps.
A method of maintaining the estimation error at a desired level for acoustic echo canceler systems (2001)

Abstract The estimation error remaining after the coefficients of an adaptive filter have converged are formulated as a function of the power ratio of the noise to the reference signal and the step gain by the normalized least mean‐square (LMS) algorithm. Usually, when applied to an acoustic echo canceler having large fluctuations in the power ratio, updating the coefficients stops when the power ratio exceeds some specified large value. Naturally, however, this stop operation slows the convergence of the coefficients. In this paper, we propose a method that designs a block implementation of the normalized LMS algorithm and can always update the coefficients by adjusting the block length and the step gain. This control method maintains the estimation error at a specific level by matching the power fluctuations of the reference signal, adjusting the block length, and adjusting the step gain to the noise power fluctuations. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(7): 41–52, 2001
Preliminary investigation on silicon carbide whisker-modified cement-based composites (2021)

Stable silicon carbide whisker (SiCw) dispersion was obtained and used for the preparation of SiCw-modified cement-based composites. Strength tests including compression test, flexural test, split tensile and “8” shape tensile tests were carried out on the composites. Fracture properties of the material were measured by the pre-notched three-point bending test based on digital image correlation (DIC) method. The microstructure of the SiCw-modified cement mortar was observed by SEM. The results showed that SiCw could obviously improve tensile strength of the cement-based material. The addition of SiCw significantly improved fracture toughness of the cement-based material, as there was a crack deflection of the materials occurring during crack growth.
Simultaneous Lightness Contrast on Plain and Articulated Surrounds (2006)

Simultaneous lightness contrast is stronger when the dark and light backgrounds of the classic display (where one of the targets is an increment and the other is a decrement) are replaced by articulated fields of equivalent average luminances. Although routinely attributed to articulation per se, this effect may simply result from the increase in highest luminance in the light articulated, vs plain, background; by locally darkening the decremental target, such an increase would amplify the difference between the targets. We disentangled the effects of highest luminance and articulation by measuring, separately, the magnitude of lightness contrast on dark and light plain and articulated backgrounds. We found that highest luminance and articulation contribute separately to the final illusion.
Construction of Student model based on BP neural network (2019)

With the development of personalized learning, the construction of student models is becoming more and more important. At present, there are still problems in the student model that the characteristics are single and the indicators of each dimension are not clear. In this paper, learners will be analyzed from the perspective of student characteristics. And BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm will be used to establish a personalized student model. This paper first constructs the feature system of the student model from six dimensions. Secondly, the initial data is obtained through questionnaire survey, and the data is initialized to obtain 30 feature vectors as input to BP neural network. The output of the network is a learner type, which is divided into 36 categories. The construction of the student model will have certain practical significance for realizing the effectiveness of personalized education in distance education.
Iterative Message Passing Algorithm for Bipartite Maximum Weighted Matching (2006)

We derive iterative message passing update rules for solving the bipartite maximum weighted matching problem. It is shown that if the optimal matching solution is unique, the algorithm converges to this optimal solution at a rate comparable to the algorithm of Bayati et. al. It is shown that the two algorithms are both standard messages passing, but on dual graphs of each other. Also, the algorithm presented here requires less storage. We also provide a method to use the proposed algorithm to solve the integer maximal weighted matching problem - i.e., where the optimal solution is generally not unique
Thermoregulated Liquid/Liquid Catalyst Separation and Recycling (2006)

Abstract Considerable effort has been done to overcome the loss of catalyst in homogeneously catalysed processes. In this contribution we describe five recycling concepts for thermoregulated catalyst separation and recycling: fluorous biphasic systems (FBS), thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis (TRPTC), soluble polymer‐based catalysis, thermoregulated microemulsions and temperature‐dependent multicomponent solvent systems (TMS). Each of these concepts has its own special advantages like low catalyst leaching or simple process engineering but also drawbacks like usage of expensive special solvents or complex and expensive catalysts. In this context, TMS systems exhibit most advantages of the other concepts combined with the possibility to use common and cheap solvents as well as numerous classical molecular catalysts. Therefore, TMS systems are expected to be one of the most promising thermomorphic recycling concepts for industrial scale.