gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
pH Effects on Electrospray Ionization Efficiency (2016)

Electrospray ionization efficiency is known to be affected by mobile phase composition. In this paper, a detailed study of analyte ionization efficiency dependence on mobile phase pH is presented. The pH effect was studied on 28 compounds with different chemical properties. Neither pK <sub>a</sub> nor solution phase ionization degree by itself was observed to be sufficient at describing how aqueous phase pH affects the ionization efficiency of the analyte. Therefore, the analyte behavior was related to various physicochemical properties via linear discriminant analyses. Distinction between pH-dependent and pH-independent compounds was achieved using two parameters: number of potential charge centers and hydrogen bonding acceptor capacity (in the case of 80% acetonitrile) or polarity of neutral form of analyte and pK <sub>a</sub> (in the case of 20% acetonitrile). It was also observed that decreasing pH may increase ionization efficiency of a compound by more than two orders of magnitude. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Heterogeneous Integration Toward a Monolithic 3-D Chip Enabled by III–V and Ge Materials (2018)

Monolithic 3-D integration has emerged as a promising technological solution for traditional transistor scaling limitations and interconnection bottleneck. The challenge we must overcome is a processing temperature limit for top side devices in order to ensure proper performance of bottom side devices. To solve this problem, we developed a low temperature III–V and Ge layer stacking process using wafer bonding and epitaxial lift-off, since these materials can be processed at a low temperature and provide extended opportunity/functionality (sensor, display, analog, RF, etc.) via heterogeneous integration. In this paper, we discuss technology for integrating III–V and Ge materials and its applicability to CMOS, thin film photodiodes, mid-infrared photonics platforms, and MicroLED display integration for creating the ultimate 3-D chip of the future.
Virtual Hand Illusion Induced by Visuomotor Correlations (2010)

We conclude that synchrony between visual and proprioceptive information along with motor activity is able to induce an illusion of ownership over a virtual arm. This has implications regarding the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership as well as the use of virtual bodies in therapies and rehabilitation.
Segregation to surfaces: Dilute alloys of the transition metals (1978)

Abstract In the context of this paper, the term segregation refers to the inhomogeneous distribution of the components of an alloy. Under conditions of temperature and pressure where the bulk phase diagram shows the alloy to be in a single-phase region, the inhomogeneites in composition are associated with external surfaces and crystalline defects such as dislocations and internal boundaries. With multiphase alloys. the components will generally be partitioned unequally among the various phases; this can be predicted from the bulk phase diagram and is not considered under the general classification of segregation. Segregation may, however, be associated with interphase boundaries. For an understanding of the data to be presented later in this review, it is thus important to distinguish segregation from precipitation. The situation is somewhat similar to that encountered in adsorption on a surface from a gas phase: detectable accumulation on the surface of gas atoms or molecules may occur under pressure and temperature conditions where no bulk condensed phase is stable.
A GA Based approach for selection of local features for recognition of handwritten Bangla numerals (2015)

Soft computing approaches are mainly designed to address the real world ill-defined, imprecisely formulated problems, combining different kind of novel models of computation, such as neural networks, genetic algorithms (GAs. Handwritten digit recognition is a typical example of one such problem. In the current work we have developed a two-pass approach where the first pass classifier performs a coarse classification, based on some global features of the input pattern by restricting the possibility of classification decisions within a group of classes, smaller than the number of classes considered initially. In the second pass, the group specific classifiers concentrate on the features extracted from the selected local regions, and refine the earlier decision by combining the local and the global features for selecting the true class of the input pattern from the group of candidate classes selected in the first pass. To optimize the selection of local regions a GA based approach has been developed here. The maximum recognition performance on Bangla digit samples as achieved on the test set, during the first pass of the two pass approach is 93.35%. After combining the results of the two stage classifiers, an overall success rate of 95.25% is achieved.
Laryngotracheal diversion and separation in the treatment of massive aspiration (1994)

Laryngotracheal diversion and separation are definitive procedures for the treatment of intractable aspiration. Laryngotracheal separation is the preferred technique because of its simplicity, low morbidity, effectiveness, and applicability to patients with a previous tracheostomy. As we gain additional experience with these procedures, we can better define the decision-making process in the treatment of patients with intractable aspiration. In patients with a tracheostomy, a Passy-Muir valve (Passy-Muir, Irvine, CA) is often effective in preventing aspiration and may avoid the need for further definitive surgery. Most patients undergoing laryngotracheal separation lose little speech function due to an underlying neurologic disease. Many patients are able to resume a regular diet following surgery. Successful vocal rehabilitation using a tracheoesophageal prosthesis has been demonstrated in patients undergoing laryngotracheal separation.
Impedance control of non‐linear multi‐DOF teleoperation systems with time delay: absolute stability (2018)

A non‐linear robust adaptive bilateral impedance controller is proposed to provide the absolute stability of multi‐DOF teleoperation systems with communication delays, in addition to the force and position tracking performance. The proposed controller realises two desired (or reference) impedance models for the master and slave robots using a new non‐linear robust version of the model reference adaptive control scheme. Using the absolute stability criterion, the robustness condition of the teleoperation system against communication delays is obtained, resulting in suitable adjustments of parameter values in the desired impedance models. In addition, using the Lyapunov stability theorem, the tracking performance of the master and slave robots and the robustness of the proposed controller against parametric and bounded unstructured modelling (non‐parametric) uncertainties were proven. The performance of the proposed non‐linear bilateral controller is investigated by performing some experiments on non‐linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) telerobots with and without communication delays.
[Mechanism of cough syncope]. (2004)

Cough induced syncope belongs to the heterogenous group of situational syncopes. The mechanism of tussive syncope is demonstrated by presenting an illustrative case. A 79 year old male with underlying COPD was evaluated because of repeated cough related syncopal episodes. The nature of fainting was elucidated by haemodynamic monitoring of an induced cough attack. As documented by continuous blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity recordings, fainting was the result of the equalization of arterial and central venous pressures, with concomitant decrease in cerebral blood flow. Analogies and differences between haemodynamic responses induced by cough and Valsalva straining are highlighted. The typical lack of prodromal symptoms in cough syncope are well explained by the rapidly developing cerebral hypoperfusion.
Stålfiberbetong för bergförstärkning. : Provning och värdering. (1997)

The report describes how quality of material and execution can be evaluated for rock strengthening carried out in steel fibre sprayed concrete. Sampling in fresh concrete as well as shooting of tes ...
675Outcomes of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI) by vancomycin dosing regimen and vancomycin trough serum concentrations in the DISCOVER Program (2014)

Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with activity against Grampositive pathogens and a long half-life allowing for weekly dosing. DISCOVER 1 and 2 were identically designed clinical trials of dalbavancin versus vancomycin (VAN) with option to switch to oral linezolid for the treatment of ABSSSI. We evaluated outcomes of ABSSSI in patients treated with VAN by dosing regimen utilized and serum trough concentrations for VAN.
Bis(tridentate)cobalt(III) complexes with diethylenetriamine and 4-Methyldiethylenetriamine [2,2'-Methyliminodi(ethylamine)]: Assignment of geometric configurations by 1H and 13C N.M.R. spectroscopy (1977)

The new complexes symmetrical-facial-[Co(medien)2]3+ and s-fac- [Co(dien)(medien)]3+ have been isolated. The 1H N.M.R. spectra of these complexes, the s-far, u-far and meridional isomers of [Co(dien)2]3+, and u-fac-[Co(daes)2]3+ show different splittings of the NH2 proton resonances [dien = diethylenetriamine, medien = 4- methyldiethylenetriamine or 2,2?-methyliminodi(ethyl-amine), daes = di(2-aminoethyl) sulphide or 2,2?-thiodi(ethylamine)]. These splittings depend on the geometries of the complexes (different numbers of stereochemically distinct NH2 groups), the particular chelated ligands (splittings due to coupling between the two protons on each NH2 may vary with chelate ring conformational mobility), and the counter-anions (different extents of ion- association through hydrogen bonding). Thus NH2 proton resonance signals may not always provide a reliable method for establishing molecular geometries. In contrast, the 13C N.M.R. spectra of all these complexes are completely diagnostic of the detailed geometries, and most of the resonances observed have been assigned to particular carbon atoms.
Atmospheric sounding with passive microwaves: Review and prognosis (1977)

Global maps of temperature profiles from 0 to 20 km altitude and of total water vapor and liquid water over the ocean were obtained from satellite-borne microwave spectrometers. Future satellites will extend the altitude range above 100 km and permit monitoring of H2O, O3, CO, N2O, and other trace constituents. Operational microwave temperature sounding spectrometers are scheduled for launch on both military and civilian U.S. satellites, and future improvements can be expected.
An improved voltage control on large-scale power system (1996)

To achieve a better voltage-VAr control in the electric power transmission system, different facilities are used. Generators are equipped with automatic voltage regulators to cope with sudden and random voltage changes caused by natural load fluctuations or failures. Other devices like capacitors, inductors, transformers with on load tap changers are installed on the network. Faced with the evolution of the network and operating conditions, electricity utilities are more and more interested in overall and coherent control systems, automatic or not. These systems are expected to co-ordinate the actions of local facilities for a better voltage control (more stable and faster reaction) inside different areas of the network in case of greater voltage and VAr variations. They afford a better use of existing reactive resources. Also, installation of new devices can be avoided allowing economy of investment. With this in mind, EDF has designed a system called Co-ordinated Secondary Voltage Control (CSVC). It is an automatic closed loop system with a dynamic of a few minutes. It takes into account the network conditions (topology, loads), the voltage limits and the generator operating constraints. This paper presents improvements which allow the CSVC to control the voltage profile and different kinds of reactive means on a large-scale power system, Furthermore, this paper presents a solution to spread out investment costs over several years, considering a deployment gradually extended.
Milk-ejecting and uterotonic activities of oxytocin analogues in rats. (1975)

President Roosevelt thanks Horace Devereux for his letter and invites him to spend the night at the White House.
Drawing-up of coagulation standards in sheep – precondition for extracorporeal oxygenation of premature lambs (1982)

Article Drawing-up of coagulation standards in sheep – precondition for extracorporeal oxygenation of premature lambs was published on January 1, 1982 in the journal Journal of Perinatal Medicine (volume 10, issue s2).
Cellulose microfibrils, cell motility, and plasma membrane protein organization change in parallel during culmination in Dictyostelium discoideum (1996)

Prestalk cells of Dictyostelium discoideum contribute cellulose to two distinct structures, the stalk tube and the stalk cell wall, during culmination. This paper demonstrates by freeze fracture electron microscopy that two distinct types of intramembrane particle aggregates, which can be characterized as cellulose microfibril terminal complexes, occur in the plasma membranes of cells synthesizing these different forms of cellulose. The same terminal complexes were observed in situ in developing culminants and in vitro in monolayer cells induced to synthesize the two types of cellulose. We propose that cessation of cell motility is associated with a change in packing and intramembrane mobility of the particle aggregates, which cause a change in the nature of the cellulose synthesized. The terminal complexes are compared to those described in other organisms and related to the previous hypothesis of two modes of cellulose synthesis in Dictyostelium.
Digital Techniques for Wideband Receivers, 3rd Edition (2016)

In this chapter the detection of biphase shift keying (BPSK) is discussed. In this type of signal, the phase shift is π. There are different phase shift keying (PSK) signals, such as π/2 and π/4, especially in communication signals. However, this study focuses on BPSK since it is more popular in radar applications. Many different codes can be used to generate a BPSK signal. For example, the Global Position System (GPS) signal is a BPSK signal modulated by a Gold code. The popular code used in radars is the Barker code, which has different lengths. Thirteen bits is the longest Barker code available, and this code will be used here.
Lymphocytes from patients with Restless Legs Syndrome reflect a protein profile of iron deficiency and hypoxia (2007)

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensory motor disorder that is thought to affect 5–10% of the population. Symptoms include an urge to move the extremities, usually the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable dysesthesias or paresthesias, which occur primarily during the evening hours. Recent autopsy evidence suggests that iron homeostasis in the brain is altered in RLS. This dysregulation has been linked to the iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), specifically IRP1. The objective of this study was to examine if a peripheral lymphocytes reflect the iron protein profile abnormalities that were observed in the autopsy brain studies of RLS patients. RLS lymphocytes reflect an iron-depleted protein profile (decreased H-ferritin, and increased transferrin, transferrin receptor, and divalent metal transporter 1) relative to the controls. Ferroportin, which transports iron from the cell, is also increased, a finding which is counterintuitive to intracellular iron insufficiency. Hypoxia was explored as a mechanism to explain these divergent results. RLS primary lymphocytes were found to have increased nuclear hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α activity as well as increased erythropoietin (EPO) immunoreactivity. Based on these findings, we conclude that both iron and HIF-1α may have a role in the molecular mechanism of RLS. Research support from the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation and Pennsylvania Department of Health
Kupplung von Peptiden mit C‐terminalen α,α‐disubstituierten α ‐ Aminosäuren via Oxazol‐5(4H)‐one (1986)

Peptide‐Bond Formation with C‐Terminal α,α‐Disubstituted α ‐ Amino Acids via Intermediate Oxazol‐5(4 H )‐ones The formation of peptide bonds between dipeptides 4 containing a C‐terminalα,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid and ethyl p ‐aminobenzoate ( 5 ) using DCC as coupling reagent proceeds via 4,4‐disubstituted oxazol‐5(4 H )‐ones 7 as intermediates ( Scheme 3 ). The reaction yielding tripeptides 6 ( Table 2 ) is catalyzed efficiently by camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid ( Table 1 ). The main problem of this coupling reaction is the epimerization of the nonterminal amino acid in 4 via a mechanism shown in Scheme 1 . CSA catalysis at 0° suppresses completely this troublesome side reaction. For the coupling of Z‐Val‐Aib‐OH ( 11 ) and Fmoc‐Pro‐Aib‐OH ( 14 ) with H‐Gly‐OBu 1 ( 12 ) and H‐Ala‐Aib‐NMe 2 ( 15 ), respectively, the best results have been obtained using DCC in the presence of ZnCl 2 ( Table 3 ).
Covalently Crosslinked Hydrogels via Step‐Growth Reactions: Crosslinking Chemistries, Polymers, and Clinical Impact (2021)

Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high-water content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels have made a great clinical impact in past years because of their desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structural and chemical properties. Various polymers and step-growth crosslinking chemistries are harnessed for fabricating such covalently crosslinked hydrogels for translational research. However, selecting appropriate crosslinking chemistries and polymers for the intended clinical application is time-consuming and challenging. It requires the integration of polymer chemistry knowledge with thoughtful crosslinking reaction design. This task becomes even more challenging when other factors such as the biological mechanisms of the pathology, practical administration routes, and regulatory requirements add additional constraints. In this review, key features of crosslinking chemistries and polymers commonly used for preparing translatable hydrogels are outlined and their performance in biological systems is summarized. The examples of effective polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations that have yielded clinically approved hydrogel products are specifically highlighted. These hydrogel design parameters in the context of the regulatory process and clinical translation barriers, providing a guideline for the rational selection of polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations to construct hydrogels with high translational potential are further considered.
Structure and aggregation of lithium dodecyl sulfate micelles in thepresence of a macrocyclic cage : a SANS study (1993)

At pH=12, a macrocyclic cage CESTO is a neutral molecule known to complex Li+ in aqueous solution. We study the effect of addition of CESTO on the aggregation behavior of lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) by small angle neutron scattering. In aqueous solutions the LDS molecules form micelles of quasi-spherical shape with aggregation number of 90 and fractional ionization of 18%. Upon addition of 0.5 to 1 and 1 to 1 molar ratios of CESTO to the solutions, the aggregation number increases but the ionization reduces due to the complexation of lithium ions by CESTO. This is also accompanied by the decrease of hydration number on the micellar surface.
Supplementary Figure S5 from miR-124 and Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors Repress Prostate Cancer Growth by Downregulating Androgen Receptor Splice Variants, EZH2, and Src (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunostaining of AR-V7 in CWR22 xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
An optimized gait generator based on fourier series towards fast and robust biped locomotion involving arms swing (2009)

Bipedal locomotion is one of the most challenging problems in control, artificial intelligence, mechanics and other related fields. In this article a model free approach with emphasis on making robot's walking more stable and faster is presented. In this regard we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the signals produced by truncated Fourier series (TFS) which control joints' angels. The role of hands is also considered to smooth walking and to increase its robustness. For the first time a new method will be introduced to improve the speed and robustness of bipedal walking by refining signals and reducing the role of inertia. Simulation results show this approach can make the robot's walking more stable and faster than walking without considering the role of hands and inertia effect.
Detecting road surface wetness from audio: A deep learning approach (2016)

We introduce a recurrent neural network architecture for automated road surface wetness detection from audio of tire-surface interaction. The robustness of our approach is evaluated on 785,826 bins of audio that span an extensive range of vehicle speeds, noises from the environment, road surface types, and pavement conditions including international roughness index (IRI) values from 25 in/mi to 1400 in/mi. The training and evaluation of the model are performed on different roads to minimize the impact of environmental and other external factors on the accuracy of the classification. We achieve an unweighted average recall (UAR) of 93.2% across all vehicle speeds including 0 mph. The classifier still works at 0 mph because the discriminating signal is present in the sound of other vehicles driving by.
A New Cellular And Molecular Engineering Curriculum At Rice University (2020)

The tremendous advances in cellular and molecular biology over the last 25 years have fundamentally changed our understanding of living organisms. This new understanding at the level of cells and their array of associated molecules is having a tremendous impact on both medicine and technology. Appreciating the complexities of the cell and its inner workings will be crucial to turning our knowledge into effective treatment strategies at the tissue, organ and whole individual levels. Because of its tradition of applying the fundamentals of physics and mathematics to the understanding and control of biological systems, biomedical engineering is especially well positioned to advance cellular and molecular-based medicine and technology. To accomplish this, the Bioengineering Department at Rice University is developing a curriculum that educates students in cellular and molecular processes and their control.