gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitis vinifera(Vitales: Vitaceae) as a Reproductive Host ofSpissistilus festinus(Hemiptera: Membracidae) (2018)

Feeding by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) results in girdling of grapevine petioles and shoots. Its significance as an economic pest of grape has increased since it was shown to transmit Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) in a greenhouse study. However, the status of grapevines as a reproductive host for S. festinus remained undetermined. Adult S. festinus were caged onto three regions of the grapevines: apical shoot, green shoot, and dormant cane. Their ability to reproduce was determined by weekly destructive sampling for 7 wk. Successful oviposition and nymphal emergence were observed on apical and green shoots, but not on dormant canes. However, insect development beyond the second nymphal instar did not occur. Knowledge of S. festinus reproduction on grapevines will be an important consideration in designing management guidelines to minimize the spread of GRBV in vineyards.
Stability-Oriented Design of Cyberattack-Resilient Controllers for Cooperative DC Microgrids (2021)

Due to the importance of reliability and security in dc microgrids, it is essential to provide maximum resilience against cyberattacks. However, insufficient global information in the microgrid makes it difficult to accurately identify the location of these attacks. To address these issues, this article develops a novel resilient distributed control mechanism, which ensures average voltage regulation and proportional load sharing in dc microgrids under unknown cyberattacks. The proposed resilient control design does not require any information regarding the nature or location of the attacks. By virtue of a graph theoretical approach and a Lyapunov-based framework, the proposed resilient distributed control strategy is designed in a way such that the system stability is always guaranteed following a comprehensive design mechanism. Finally, the robustness of the proposed resilient distributed control approach is demonstrated via simulations and validated by experimental results.
3D live: real time captured content for mixed reality (2002)

We present a complete system for live capture of 3D content and simultaneous presentation in augmented reality. The user sees the real world from his viewpoint, but modified so that the image of a remote collaborator is rendered into the scene. Fifteen cameras surround the collaborator, and the resulting video streams are used to construct a three-dimensional model of the subject using a shape-from-silhouette algorithm. Users view a two-dimensional fiducial marker using a video-see-through augmented reality interface. The geometric relationship between the marker and head-mounted camera is calculated, and the equivalent view of the subject is computed and drawn into the scene. Our system can generate 384 /spl times/ 288 pixel images of the models at 25 fps, with a latency of < 100 ms. The result gives the strong impression that the subject is a real part of the 3D scene. We demonstrate applications of this system in 3D videoconferencing and entertainment.
Aerial image metrology for OPC modeling and mask qualification (2017)

As nodes become smaller and smaller, the OPC applied to enable these nodes becomes more and more sophisticated. This trend peaks today in curve-linear OPC approaches that are currently starting to appear on the roadmap. With this sophistication of OPC, the mask pattern complexity increases. CD-SEM based mask qualification strategies as they are used today are starting to struggle to provide a precise forecast of the printing behavior of a mask on wafer. An aerial image CD measurement performed on ZEISS Wafer-Level CD system (WLCD) is a complementary approach to mask CD-SEMs to judge the lithographical performance of the mask and its critical production features. The advantage of the aerial image is that it includes all optical effects of the mask such as OPC, SRAF, 3D mask effects, once the image is taken under scanner equivalent illumination conditions. Additionally, it reduces the feature complexity and analyzes the printing relevant CD.
ScreenDMT reveals linoleic acid diols replicably associate with BMI and stimulate adipocyte calcium fluxes (2023)

Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) improves systemic metabolism, making it a promising target for metabolic syndrome. BAT is activated by 12, 13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12, 13-diHOME), which we previously identified to be inversely associated with BMI and which directly improves metabolism in multiple tissues. Here we profile plasma lipidomics from a cohort of 83 people and test which lipids' association with BMI replicates in a concordant direction using our novel tool ScreenDMT, whose power and validity we demonstrate via mathematical proofs and simulations. We find that the linoleic acid diols 12, 13-diHOME and 9, 10-diHOME both replicably inversely associate with BMI and mechanistically activate calcium fluxes in mouse brown and white adipocytes in vitro, which implicates this pathway and 9, 10-diHOME as candidate therapeutic targets. ScreenDMT can be applied to test directional mediation, directional replication, and qualitative interactions, such as identifying biomarkers whose association is shared (replication) or opposite (qualitative interaction) across diverse populations.
Multiple coverage shaped reflector for Intelsat hemi-beam requirement (1989)

The author discusses shaped reflector antennas as an elegant means of providing contoured beams for satellite application. They present an approach to the problem of obtaining two differently shaped, spatially isolated beams from a single shaped reflector antenna. The example they take is that of the hemispheric beam C-band antenna to be flown on Intelsat VII. Good gain performance is demonstrated for two differently sized and shaped regions, using a single feed for each coverage and a single main reflector aperture.
Website quality evaluation: a model for developing comprehensive assessment instruments based on key quality factors (2023)

Purpose The field of website quality evaluation attracts the interest of a range of disciplines, each bringing its own particular perspective to bear. This study aims to identify the main characteristics – methods, techniques and tools – of the instruments of evaluation described in this literature, with a specific concern for the factors analysed, and based on these, a multipurpose model is proposed for the development of new comprehensive instruments. Design/methodology/approach Following a systematic bibliographic review, 305 publications on website quality are examined, the field's leading authors, their disciplines of origin and the sectors to which the websites being assessed belong are identified, and the methods they employ characterised. Findings Evaluations of website quality tend to be conducted with one of three primary focuses: strategic, functional or experiential. The technique of expert analysis predominates over user studies and most of the instruments examined classify the characteristics to be evaluated – for example, usability and content – into factors that operate at different levels, albeit that there is little agreement on the names used in referring to them. Originality/value Based on the factors detected in the 50 most cited works, a model is developed that classifies these factors into 13 dimensions and more than 120 general parameters. The resulting model provides a comprehensive evaluation framework and constitutes an initial step towards a shared conceptualization of the discipline of website quality.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Carbon‐Containing Fuels and Their Dynamics in Low‐Temperature Fuel Cells (2011)

Fuel cells can convert the energy that is chemically stored in a compound into electrical energy with high efficiency. Hydrogen could be the first choice for chemical energy storage, but its utilization is limited due to storage and transport difficulties. Carbon-containing fuels store chemical energy with significantly higher energy density, which makes them excellent energy carriers. The electro-oxidation of carbon-containing fuels without prior reforming is a more challenging and complex process than anodic hydrogen oxidation. The current understanding of the direct electro-oxidation of carbon-containing fuels in low-temperature fuel cells is reviewed. Furthermore, this review covers various aspects of electro-oxidation for carbon-containing fuels in non-steady-state reaction conditions. Such dynamic investigations open possibilities to elucidate detailed reaction kinetics, to sense fuel concentration, or to diagnose the fuel-cell state during operation. Motivated by the challenge to decrease the consumption of fossil fuel, the production routes of the fuels from renewable resources also are reviewed.
Toward the Interpretation of Acoustic Emissions in Machining (1990)

The application of human speech processing techniques to the machine shop may provide a new means to interpret the sounds created by the metal cutting process. Realtime signal processing in the frequency domain can identify those bandpass responses which indicate the health of the tools. When combined with knowledge of the tooling and the cutting path, spectrograms can verify the cutting phases and geometric features expected of a normal process.
Reply by Author to P. K. Nguyen (1974)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
DC-offset compensation of a 77 GHz monostatic FMCW-radar transceiver for automotive application (2008)

The DC-offset compensation of a monostatic FMCW-radar transceiver using transmission line (TL) length optimization is proposed. This approach can be implemented on a 77 GHz SiGe MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) with no extra costs and does not degrade the sensitivity for immediate targets needed for the stop-and- go functionality of modern ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) systems. The theory of the DC-offset generation will be discussed and a network analysis of the transceiver will be presented. It is shown that the compensation is possible over a wide range of circuit imperfection values.
Fractionation of organic extracts of environmental water samples by low pressure column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography techniques (1985)

Prefractionation procedures based on high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and low pressure column chromatography (lpcc) were developed and applied to the separation of components in extracts of environmental samples. Effective fractionation was obtained using solvent systems based on hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, and ether for elution on lpcc Florisil and hplc silica columns. This facilitated the identification of over thirty compounds consisting mainly of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, phenols, and pesticides in environmental samples extracted from water. Chromatographic background levels were minimized, and compounds whose chromatographic peaks were unresolved before fractionation were isolated into separate fractions. This afforded more highly reliable gc/ms identifications. Prefractionation also served to retard the rapid degradation of capillary columns which was caused by the injection of unfractionated samples.
Oxygen mass transfer into aerated CMC solutions in a bubble column (1982)

Differing findings on the volumetric mass transfer coefficients k(L)a in CMC solutions in bubble column bioreactors have been reported in the literature. Therefore, oxygen mass transfer was studied again in CMC solutions in a 14-cm-i.d. x 270-cm-height bubble column using different spargers. The k(L)a values were determined along with the dispersion coefficients by fitting the prediction of the axial dispersed plug model with the experimental oxygen concentration profiles in the liquid phase. Surprisingly, the obtained liquid phase dispersion coefficients for CMC solution are higher than one would expect from correlations. The k(L)a data depend largely on the flow regime. In general, they are lower than those reported in the literature. The data for developing slug and established slug flow are dependent on the gas velocity and the effective viscosity of the solution and can br correlated by a simple correlation. This correlation describes k(L)a values measured on fermentation broth of Penicillium chrysogenum with striking agreement.
Stirling Engine Nodal Analysis Program (1978)

A general-purpose program for the nodal analysis of Stirling-cycle devices or other cyclic, regenerative machines is described. It employs finite-difference, explicit-forward solutions, and is readily adaptable to various machine topologies. The machine is divided into specifiable numbers of fluid and solid nodes. The program solves three coupled gas-dynamic differential equations (mass, momentum, and energy balances) for each fluid node, and an energy balance for each solid nod. Interactions between these are represented by heat transfer and fluid friction terms. The kinetic energy of the fluid and the inertial resistance to flow acceleration are accounted for. Leakages through seals and ports are included in the analysis. Special schemes for enhanced mathematical stability and for accelerated convergence to a steady-state cycle are described. The program is applicable to both disciplined-piston and free-piston engines. It can automatically generate very detailed outputs, both tabular and graphic (Eulerian, LaGrangian, and 3-dimensional) to help provide insight and understanding. Extensive illustrations and discussions are presented.
Improved Time Delay Estimation Exploiting Redundancy in Microphone Arrays (2004)

In general, a set of Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) estimates is used for 3D
passive acoustic sound source localization with microphone arrays. In real environments the reliability of TDOAestimates is degraded due to noise and room reverberation. To determine the set of TDOAs, standard methods don't take advantage of all possible microphone pairs in a microphone array, using only one set of independent time delay estimates. In this work, the redundant information lying in the remaining dependent time delays is used to improve the robustness of the TDOA estimation. Experimental results for real data recorded in a noisy and reverberant office room are presented. The proposed methods show an absolute decrease of the percentage of false TDOA estimates of about 8 %, enhancing significantly
the TDOA estimate reliability.
Frequency-wavelet domain deconvolution for terahertz reflection imaging and spectroscopy (2010)

In terahertz reflection imaging, a deconvolution process is often employed to extract the impulse function of the sample of interest. A band-pass filter such as a double Gaussian filter is typically incorporated into the inverse filtering to suppress the noise, but this can result in over-smoothing due to the loss of useful information. In this paper, with a view to improving the calculation of terahertz impulse response functions for systems with a low signal to noise ratio, we propose a hybrid Frequency-Wavelet Domain Deconvolution (FWDD) for terahertz reflection imaging. Our approach works well; it retrieves more accurate impulse response functions than existing approaches and these impulse functions can then also be used to better extract the terahertz spectroscopic properties of the sample.
Taking Online Maps Down to Street Level (2007)

Since MapQuest.com's creation in 1996, online mapping systems have rapidly gained worldwide popularity. With Google Maps leading the charge, new sophisticated AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) mapping applications began appearing in 2004. A fairly recent offering of the best online mapping systems is aerial imagery. Such imagery takes the so-called GeoWeb to the next level, providing tremendous value to activities such as real estate sales, insurance, environmental management, municipal government, emergency services, and law enforcement, as well as engaging serendipitous Web users. Yet the imagery often is not detailed enough, and viewing buildings and streets from above can be disconcerting. To address this limitation, Google launched the Street View feature of Google Maps in May 2007. The underlying idea is very simple: Provide an interface that can display street-level images in a natural way that enables convenient navigation between images without losing the map context.
Analysis of cooperative robot manipulators on a mobile platform (1991)

This work presents the dynamic equations of motion for two or more cooperating manipulators on a freely moving mobile platform. The formulation includes the full dynamic interactions from arms-to-platform and arm-tip to arm-tip and the possible translation and rotation of the platform. The system of cooperating robot manipulators forms a closed kinematic chain where the forces of interaction are included in the simulation of robot and platform dynamics. The forces of interaction are outputs of the analysis giving force/torque sensor values at the tip of each manipulator. The equations of motion are shown to be identical in structure to the fixed-platform cooperative manipulator dynamics. The structure of the closed chain dynamics allows the use of any solution for the open topological tree of base and manipulator links where due to the large number of links linear recursive methods become more efficient.
Predicting the Price Direction of Bitcoin Using Twitter Data and Machine Learning (2022)

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that was intro- duced in 2009 and since then, has become increasingly popular as one of the most known and highly valued currencies. Contributing factors to its rise include crypto Twitter influencers. An engaged audience on Twitter seems to have an influence on the cryptocurrency market. In this paper, we analyze the impact that tweets have on the price of Bitcoin. Using word-clouds and candlestick plots, we gain insight into the factors that affect Bitcoin prices. We also use various machine learning techniques to automatically classify the sentiment in Tweets related to cryptocurrencies. We incorporate these and other relevant features to build and compare the performance of multiple machine learning models to predict the direction (increase or decrease) of the price of Bitcoin.
Origin of thermally stable ferroelectricity in a porous barium titanate thin film synthesized through block copolymer templating (2017)

A porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin film was chemically synthesized using a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method in which micelles of amphipathic diblock copolymers served as structure-directing agents. In the Raman spectrum of the porous BaTiO3 thin film, a peak corresponding to the ferroelectric tetragonal phase was observed at around 710 cm−1, and it remained stable at much higher temperature than the Curie temperature of bulk single-crystal BaTiO3 (∼130 °C). Measurements revealed that the ferroelectricity of the BaTiO3 thin film has high thermal stability. By analyzing high-resolution transmission electron microscope images of the BaTiO3 thin film by the fast Fourier transform mapping method, the spatial distribution of stress in the BaTiO3 framework was clearly visualized. Careful analysis also indicated that the porosity in the BaTiO3 thin film introduced anisotropic compressive stress, which deformed the crystals. The resulting elongated unit cell caused further displacement of the Ti4+ cation from the center of the lattice. This displacement increased the electric dipole moment of the BaTiO3 thin film, effectively enhancing its ferro(piezo)electricity.
Improvements in Prostate Cancer Management: Focus on Imaging and Treatment (2022)

Prostate cancer has traditionally been staged through the use of conventional imaging techniques such as bone scintigraphy, CT, and MRI. However, the introduction of more sensitive techniques, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging, has allowed previously undetectable metastases to be identified, thereby enabling more accurate staging of the disease and greater refinement in management strategies. This article summarises a symposium delivered on 3rd July 2022 at the 37th European Association of Urology (EAU) Annual Congress in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where speakers from three different specialties raised important questions in prostate cancer imaging. Stefano Fanti, Professor of Diagnostic Imaging/Director from S. Orsola Policlinic Hospital, Bologna, Italy, asked: “What is PSMA all about?”, and Jochen Walz, Professor of Urology and Head, Department of Urology at the Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, Marseille, France, wondered: “When does PSMA help me?” Alicia Morgans, Genitourinary Medical Oncologist/Medical Director at the Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, USA, then offered an overview of the future of prostate cancer management. The session concluded with the presentation of three cases of patients with different stages of prostate cancer, all of which illustrated the transformative benefit of PSMA imaging in accurately staging patients and directing subsequent treatment options.
The computation of color constant descriptors in chromatic images (1989)

Abstract We propose a method, based on finite‐dimensional linear models of reflection and illumination, which allows the transformation of chromatic images into color constant images. This proves to be useful in applications in which either there is no information on the illuminant present in the scene, or when such information is confounded by the existence of inter‐reflections between objects. The method proposed in this paper is aimed at computations taking place beyond the sensory level of vision systems, and may use inputs corrected by sensors (for adaptation). In contrast to previous work, we show that good results can be obtained using a 3‐receptor system and some knowledge about the spectral properties of natural materials and illuminants. In the method developed, an estimate of the illuminant in the scene is computed, which allow the computation of color constant descriptors of the pixel values in the image. In addition, we show a method of computing an estimate to the actual reflectances of the materials in the scence out of the computed color constant descriptors.
Impact of SiON tunnel layer composition on 3D NAND cell performance (2019)

In this paper, we investigate the tuning of a SiON tunnel oxide layer composition, in order to meet the memory operation performance requirements of a 3D NAND charge trap cell. The characteristics are compared to a VariOT ONO engineered barrier or pure SiO2. The results show that the N content increase in the SiON leads to important erase improvement at the expense of retention, therefore causing a trade-off between these two parameters. A low N content however can bring the required improvement in erase for large memory window, without compromising retention.
Creating small fault dictionaries [logic circuit fault diagnosis] (1999)

Diagnostic fault simulation can generate enormous amounts of data. The techniques used to manage this data can have significant effect on the outcome of the fault diagnosis procedure. We first demonstrate that if information is removed from a fault dictionary, its ability to diagnose unmodeled faults may be severely curtailed even if dictionary quality metrics remain unaffected; we, therefore, focus on methods for producing small, lossless dictionaries, We present a new dictionary organization based on error sets, which is amenable to standard data-compression techniques. We compare several dictionary organizations and the effect of standard data-compression techniques on each of them. An appropriate organization and encoding makes dictionary-based diagnosis practical for very large circuits.