gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tribological behaviors of amino functionalized graphene reinforced PTFE composite (2018)

Graphene was successfully modified by amino-functionalization process. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer were used to characterize the amino-functionalization result. The transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize the morphology of graphene and fractured surface of its resulting composite. The tribological behaviors of amino functionalized graphene reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene composite were evaluated by using a face-to-face contact mode under dry sliding/water lubricated condition. The worn surface was characterized by using a scanning electronic microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy in order to find the reasons for the better tribological behaviors. The anti-friction and anti-wear mechanisms of amino functionalized graphene reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene composite were elucidated based on the experimental results. In all, this work is hoped to be helpful in designing and researching a new industrial material which can be used for water lubricated conditions in new-energy-vehicle fields.
Kinetics of melting and characterization of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of syndiotactic polystyrene (2006)

Abstract A study of the crystallization process of syndiotactic polystyrene is carried out, with particular emphasis on the effect of previous melt annealing on the subsequent crystallization kinetics and polymorphism, with a combination of thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. An effort is made to obtain quantitative results in terms of the relative crystallinity content of the α and β phases after a given thermal treatment. A kinetics of melting for the crystalline memory is proposed, which enables the determination of the time at a given temperature that ensures the complete fusion of the α crystals. This leads to a generalization of the effects of the time–temperature couple on the memory effect. A particular protocol is identified, which upon solidification from the melt induces the development of just one crystalline phase, either α or β. This allows the determination of the enthalpy of crystallization, the maximum attainable crystal volume fraction, the crystallization half‐time as a function of temperature, and the Avrami index for each of the two crystalline phases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 196–207, 2007
Prodding the ROC Curve: Constrained Optimization of Classifier Performance (2001)

When designing a two-alternative classifier, one ordinarily aims to maximize the classifier’s ability to discriminate between members of the two classes. We describe a situation in a real-world business application of machine-learning prediction in which an additional constraint is placed on the nature of the solution: that the classifier achieve a specified correct acceptance or correct rejection rate (i.e., that it achieve a fixed accuracy on members of one class or the other). Our domain is predicting churn in the telecommunications industry. Churn refers to customers who switch from one service provider to another. We propose four algorithms for training a classifier subject to this domain constraint, and present results showing that each algorithm yields a reliable improvement in performance. Although the improvement is modest in magnitude, it is nonetheless impressive given the difficulty of the problem and the financial return that it achieves to the service provider. When designing a classifier, one must specify an objective measure by which the classifier’s
miR-130a and Tgfβ Content in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from the Serum of Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk Predicts their In-Vivo Angiogenic Potential (2020)

Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (sEV) from healthy donors display in-vivo pro-angiogenic properties. To identify patients that may benefit from autologous sEV administration for pro-angiogenic purposes, sEV angiogenic capability has been evaluated in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects (D), in obese individuals with (OD) and without (O) T2DM, and in subjects with ischemic disease (IC) (9 patients/group). sEV display different angiogenic properties in such cluster of individuals. miRNomic profile and TGFβ content in sEV were evaluated. We found that miR-130a and TGFβ content correlates with sEV in-vitro and in-vivo angiogenic properties, particularly in T2DM patients. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified a number of genes as among the most significant miR-130a interactors. Gain-of-function experiments recognized homeoboxA5 (HOXA5) as a miR-130a specific target. Finally, ROC curve analyses revealed that sEV ineffectiveness could be predicted (Likelihood Ratio+ (LH+) = 3.3 IC 95% from 2.6 to 3.9) by comparing miR-130a and TGFβ content 'in Series'. We demonstrate that sEV from high cardiovascular risk patients have different angiogenic properties and that miR-130a and TGFβ sEV content predicts 'true ineffective sEVs'. These results provide the rationale for the use of these assays to identify patients that may benefit from autologous sEV administration to boost the angiogenetic process.
Surface Regions of Interest for Viewpoint Selection (2016)

While the detection of the interesting regions in images has been extensively studied, relatively few papers have addressed surfaces. This paper proposes an algorithm for detecting the regions of interest of surfaces. It looks for regions that are distinct both locally and globally and accounts for the distance to the foci of attention. It is also shown how this algorithm can be adopted to saliency detection in point clouds. Many applications can utilize these regions. In this paper we explore one such application-viewpoint selection. The most informative views are those that collectively provide the most descriptive presentation of the surface. We show that our results compete favorably with the state-of-the-art results.
Initiation of Detonation in Multiple Shock-Compressed Liquid Explosives (2006)

Initiation and resulting propagation of detonation via multiple shock reverberations between two high impedance plates has been investigated in amine‐sensitized nitromethane. Experiments were designed so that the first reflected shock strength was below the critical value for initiation found previously. Luminosity combined with a distinct pressure hump indicated onset of reaction and successful initiation after double or triple shock reflection off the bottom plate. Final temperature estimates for double or triple shock reflection immediately before initiation lie between 700–720 K, consistent with those found previously for both incident and singly reflected shock initiation.
The Supply of Capital Market Returns (1984)

(1984). The Supply of Capital Market Returns. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 74-80.
Manipulating reflected acoustic wave via Helmholtz resonators with varying-length extended necks (2018)

In this work, we develop a deep subwavelength metasurface which is capable of reflected wave manipulation arbitrarily. Each unit cell of the metasurface is constructed of a Helmholtz resonator with an extended neck. The possibility of creating a phase shift offered by different unit cells is analytically explored based on characteristic mode analysis and demonstrated by the finite element method. It is found that the phase shift of the reflected wave ranging from 0 to 2π in a supercell (consists of eight inhomogeneous unit cells) can be engineered by tuning the length of the extended neck. A periodical array of the supercell is used to construct the designed metasurface. The reflection performance of the proposed metasurface is investigated both numerically and experimentally, and good agreement is achieved. Anomalous phenomena such as converting an incident wave to a surface wave and negative reflection are demonstrated using the designed metasurface. The key features of the proposed metasurface are the thin thickness ≈λ/30 (λ is the operation wavelength), simple configuration, and easy fabrication, making it possess a promising potential in miniaturization and integration in acoustic devices.
Predictive value of CD8highCD57+ lymphocyte subset in interferon therapy of patients with renal cell carcinoma. (2003)

The present study suggests that the percentage of CD8highCD57+ lymphocytes in the CD8+ subset may have a prognostic significance for advanced RCC patients and may have a predictive value in patient selection for survival benefit due to treatment with IFN.
Eine neue Methode zur Darstellung langkettiger Carbonsäuren, VIII. Mitteil.): Zur Kenntnis der Michael‐Addition bei 1‐Alkyl‐cyclohexandionen‐(2.6 (1954)

Abstract Durch Michael‐Addition von 1‐Methyl‐cyclohexandion‐(2.6) und 1‐Allyl‐cyclohexandion‐(2.6) an Acrylnitril und Acrylsäureester in absol. Alkohol konnten unter gleichzeitiger Alkoholyse die Ester der offenkettigen δ‐Ketosäuren erhalten werden, die durch Verseifung und Wolff‐Kishner‐Reduktion γ‐Methyl‐azelainsäure und γ‐Allylazelainsäure ergaben.
High-Resolution Resistless Nanopatterning on Polymer and Flexible Substrates for Plasmonic Biosensing Using Stencil Masks (2012)

The development of nanoscale lithographic methods on polymer materials is a key requirement to improve the spatial resolution and performance of flexible devices. Here, we report the fabrication of metallic nanostructures down to 20 and 50 nm in size on polymer materials such as polyimide, parylene, SU-8, and PDMS substrates without any resist processing using stencil lithography. Metallic nanodot array analysis of their localized surface plasmon spectra is included. We demonstrate plasmon resonance detection of biotin and streptavidin using a PDMS flexible film with gold nanodots. We also demonstrate the fabrication of metallic nanowires on polyimide substrates with their electrical characteristics showing an ohmic behavior. These results demonstrate high-resolution nanopatterning and device nanofabrication capability of stencil lithography on polymer and flexible substrates.
<title>COLORS: a communication link with an optical relay satellite</title> (2002)

We present a new concept to link two ground-based optical stations through a satellite. In our approach the optical relay in orbit is a completely passive one, with no requirements in terms of active control attitude and with a more simple opto-mechanical design. The relay acts as a reference source for the ground stations, equipped with an adaptive optics system to enlarge the photon return and the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. The technological requirements are mainly on the ground side, then technological up-grades are easily obtainable and less cost- demanding.
The Polarization Lidar Technique for Cloud Research: A Review and Current Assessment (1991)

The development of the polarization lidar field over the past two decades is reviewed, and the current cloud-research capabilities and limitations are evaluated. Relying on fundamental scattering principles governing the interaction of polarized laser light with distinctly shaped hydrometers, this remote-sensing technique has contributed to our knowledge of the composition and structure of a variety of cloud types. For example, polarization lidar is a key component of current climate-research programs to characterize the properties of cirrus clouds, and is an integral part of multiple remote-sensor studies of mixed-phase cloud systems, such as winter mountain storms. Although unambiguous cloud-phase discrimination and the identification of some ice particle types and orientations are demonstrated capabilities, recent theoretical approaches involving ice crystal ray-tracing and cloud microphysical model simulations are promising to increase the utility of the technique. New results simulating the single and multiple scattering properties of precipitating mixed-phase clouds are given for illustration of such methods.
(N‐Phosphinoamidinate)cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydroboration: Alkene Isomerization Affords Terminal Selectivity (2014)

Herein we establish the utility of a three-coordinate (N-phosphinoamidinate)cobalt(amido) pre-catalyst that is capable of effecting challenging alkene isomerization/hydroboration processes at room temperature, leading to the selective terminal addition of the boron group.
Data-driven approaches to define the upper limit of the intermovement interval of periodic leg movements during sleep (2018)

These results seem to indicate that a conservative, yet data-driven upper limit for IMI contributing to the PLMS in patients with RLS might be 60 s instead of 90 s, as recommended by the present guidelines.
Synchronized Disk Interleaving (1986)

A group of disks may be interleaved to speed up data transfers in a manner analogous to the speedup achieved by main memory interleaving. Conventional disks may be used for interleaving by spreading data across disks and by treating multiple disks as if they were a single one. Furthermore, the rotation of the interleaved disks may be synchronized to simplify control and also to optimize performance. In addition, check- sums may be placed on separate check-sum disks in order to improve reliability. In this paper, we study synchronized disk interleaving as a high-performance mass storage system architecture. The advantages and limitations of the proposed disk interleaving scheme are analyzed using the M/G/1 queueing model and compared to the conventional disk access mechanism.
[Distribution characteristics and risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese]. (2010)

The carotid atherosclerosis was common in middle and older age Chinese and was positively associated with classical cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Reversal of the Toxic Effects of Cyclosporine on Male Reproduction and Kidney Function of Rats by Simultaneous Administration of hCG + FSH (1990)

We have shown earlier that the administration of cyclosporine impairs testicular function and causes a decrease in sperm counts, sperm motility and fertility. In order to determine whether or not the deleterious effects of CsA could be reversed by hormonal therapy, we injected sexually mature male Sprague Dawley rats with cremaphor + saline or CsA (40 mg./kg./d) alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; five micrograms./d/rat) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; five micrograms./d/rat). The injections were given subcutaneously for 14 days. As expected, CsA administration decreased the body and reproductive organ weights, testicular and epididymal sperm counts, sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Serum levels of LH were elevated and testosterone was decreased. The administration of FSH + hCG to the CsA treated rats restored the body and reproductive organ weights, sperm counts and motility. Seventy five percent of gonadotropin treated males were fertile as compared to 25% in the CsA treated group. In the hormone treated group, the blood levels of CsA were 50% of that of CsA treated group. In order to verify whether or not the decline in the blood levels of CsA was the cause for the amelioration of CsA-induced changes in the reproductive function, we compared the CsA + hormone treated group with another group treated with five mg./kg./d CsA which had blood levels of CsA comparable to the former group. In the five mg./kg./d group the reproductive functions were significantly lower than the CsA + hormone treated group suggesting, therefore, that the restoration of reproductive functions in the CsA + hormone treated group is a result of hormonal treatment. Administration of CsA (40 mg./kg./d) reduced the kidney weight and increased the levels of serum creatinine: these changes were also ameliorated by the administration of hCG + FSH.
Ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystalline phases (2022)

Recent experimental realization of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystalline phases stimulated material development and numerous experimental studies of these phases, guided by their fundamental and applicative interest. In this Perspective, we give an overview of this emerging field by linking history and theoretical predictions to a general outlook of the development and properties of the materials exhibiting ferroelectric nematic phases. We will highlight the most relevant observations to date, e.g., giant dielectric permittivity values, polarization values an order of magnitude larger than in classical ferroelectric liquid crystals, and nonlinear optical coefficients comparable with several ferroelectric solid materials. Key observations of anchoring and electro-optic behavior will also be examined. The collected contributions lead to a final discussion on open challenges in materials development, theoretical description, experimental explorations, and possible applications of the ferroelectric phases.
Ring resonator networks as physical unclonable keys (2022)

We propose an integrated network of ring resonators on a silicon-nitride chip for use as an all-optical single-spatial-mode physical unclonable key, enabling secret-free optical authentication with standard communication channels such as telecom fibres.
Genetic Relatedness of Infecting and Reinfecting Respiratory Syncytial Virus Strains Identified in a Birth Cohort From Rural Kenya (2012)

The vast majority of infection and reinfection pairs differed by group, genotype, or G amino acid sequence (ie, comprised distinct viruses). The extent to which this is a consequence of immune memory of infection history or prevalent diversity remains unclear.
Multiple Stage Thermoelectric Generation of Power (1958)

The efficiency equation for any number of thermoelectric generators thermally in series is derived. The design relationships for maximum efficiency and for maximum power transfer of a multiple stage thermoelectric generator are also given. Since the efficiencies are approximately additive, an appreciable increase in generator efficiency is anticipated by use of multiple stages.
SMOS floor error impact and migation on ocean imaging (2015)

SMOS is the acronym for the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) [1]. Its single payload, the Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), was successfully launched in November 2009 to provide a continuous flow of fully polarimetric brightness temperature images. After more than five years of operation, SMOS has proven to be highly useful for a variety of scientific applications related to soil moisture over land, ocean salinity and winds over ocean, as well as specific studies over the ice covered surfaces [2][3]. Along these years of operation, SMOS calibration and imaging algorithms have undergone a continuous evolution to further improve the accuracy of the retrieved geophysical parameters. These improvements are particularly useful in Ocean Salinity applications where accuracy and stability requirements are very demanding and spatial and temporal averaging is required to achieve SMOS mission objectives. This paper analyzes the impact on ocean images of the so-called “floor error”, an image reconstruction artifact that, currently, is significant on the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> and 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Stokes parameters. Error mitigation techniques are evaluated by computing spatial bias over the ocean and also by providing a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Stokes global error map over the ocean that takes into account SMOS full spatial and temporal averaging capabilities.
Arbitrary phases in quantum amplitude amplification (2000)

We consider the use of arbitrary phases in quantum amplitude amplification, which is a generalization of quantum searching. We prove that the phase condition in amplitude amplification is given by $\mathrm{tan}(\ensuremath{\varphi}/2)=\mathrm{tan}(\ensuremath{\varphi}/2)(1\ensuremath{-}2a),$ where \ensuremath{\varphi} and \ensuremath{\varphi} are the phases used and where a is the success probability of the given algorithm. Thus the choice of phases depends nontrivially and nonlinearly on the success probability. Utilizing this condition, we give methods for constructing quantum algorithms that succeed with certainty and for implementing arbitrary rotations. We also conclude that phase errors of order up to $1/\sqrt{a}$ can be tolerated in amplitude amplification.
A reduced-complexity multilevel coded modulation for APSK signaling (2013)

The amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK) signal has been adopted in the recent satellite communication standards such as DVB-S2 due to its peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) property lower than the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Unlike square QAM constellations that allow separate detection of in-phase and quadrature components (i.e., I-Q decomposition), the detection process for APSK is generally complex. This paper investigates the use of multilevel coding (MLC) together with multistage decoding (MSD) for APSK with particular emphasis on an introduction of a novel labeling that allows I-Q decomposition at the highest level, thereby significantly reducing the decoding complexity at the cost of slight performance degradation.
Wideband Design of 2×2-element Dielectric-Filled Waveguide Slot Subarray for 350-GHz band (2022)

This paper presents a wideband design of a 2×2-element dielectric-filled waveguide slot subarray for 350-GHz band. The subarray is fed by a corporate feed circuit and composed of a cavity and slots. The subarray is analyzed by hybrid method of moments and finite element method and optimized by genetic algorithm. The optimized subarray shows 22% reflection bandwidth where reflection is below -14dB. The solid walls of the designed antenna are going to be replaced with post walls.
The hierarchical atlas (2005)

This paper presents a new map specifically designed for robots operating in large environments and possibly in higher dimensions. We call this map the hierarchical atlas because it is a multilevel and multiresolution representation. For this paper, the hierarchical atlas has two levels: at the highest level there is a topological map that organizes the free space into submaps at the lower level. The lower-level submaps are simply a collection of features. The hierarchical atlas allows us to perform calculations and run estimation techniques, such as Kalman filtering, in local areas without having to correlate and associate data for the entire map. This provides a means to explore and map large environments in the presence of uncertainty with a process named hierarchical simultaneous localization and mapping. As well as organizing information of the free space, the map also induces well-defined sensor-based control laws and a provably complete policy to explore unknown regions. The resulting map is also useful for other tasks such as navigation, obstacle avoidance, and global localization. Experimental results are presented showing successful map building and subsequent use of the map in large-scale spaces.
Lab-Scale Zero Exchange Shrimp Aquaculture (2008)

Shrimp aquaculture is a global market that tends to negatively impact the environment due to excess nitrogen rich waste.The School of Natural Resources in coordination with the Department of Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan are in need of over ten separate closed loop zero-exchange shrimp aquaculture systems to research survival and growth potential for dense shrimp populations.The focus is on biofilters, feed, and various environmental conditions.At the completion of the project there should be two customizable experimental lab setups prepared for the University of Michigan researchers to effectively conduct experiments.
Supplementary Figure SF1 from Humoral Immune Response against Nontargeted Tumor Antigens after Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Its Association with Improved Clinical Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure SF1. Schematic of sipuleucel-T treatment doses (infusions) and serum collection time points in IMPACT and ProACT.&lt;/p&gt;