gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium dependence of human sperm fertilizing ability (1988)

The Ca2+ dependency of human-sperm fertilizing ability was investigated using a modified Tyrode's medium either containing 2.4 mM CaCl2 (CA medium) or with the CaCl2 replaced by SrCl2 and 0.1 mM EGTA added to chelate any residual Ca2+ ions (SREG-medium). Ten washed sperm populations incubated in either medium for 0, 6, and 22 hours showed the same occurrence of acrosome reactions (by fluorescent lectin labelling and triple stain). A further 3-hour incubation after washing into fresh CA medium resulted in only a slight increase in acrosome reactions in both media. Eight sperm populations preincubated overnight in CA and SREG media were coincubated for 1 hour with previously salt-stored human zonae pellucidae also in the same media. Significantly more motile spermatozoa were bound to more of the zonae in CA medium (53.9% vs. 27.6% of zonae with 13.8 vs. 4.3 sperm/bound zona). In three hamster egg penetration test (HEPT) experiments, sperm populations preincubated overnight in either CA or SREG media were coincubated with hamster oocytes prepared in the same media. Only 2.1% of oocytes (1.0 polyspermy) were penetrated in SREG medium, cf., 30.9% of oocytes (1.3 polyspermy) in CA medium. These results demonstrate that while Sr2+ ions can substitute fully for Ca2+ in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa, sperm-zona, and sperm-oolemma interaction seem to involve some more Ca2+-specific process(es). Furthermore, the increased HEPT fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa using overnight preincubation in SREG medium and CA medium for the test cannot be explained on the basis of differential kinetics of capacitation or the acrosome reaction.
Chromosome conformation capture of transcriptional interactions between cytochrome c oxidase genes and genes of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in neurons (2010)

Neuronal activity and energy metabolism are tightly coupled processes. Recently, we found that nuclear respiratory factor 1 co-regulates all subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COX, representing oxidative energy metabolism) and glutamatergic neurochemicals, including NR1 (Grin1) and NR2B (Grin2b) of NMDA receptors, GluR2 (Gria2) of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos1). Moreover, all 10 nuclear-encoded COX subunit genes and three transcription factor genes for the three mitochondrial-encoded COX subunits are transcribed in the same transcription factory. The goal of the present study was to test our hypothesis that genomic loci for Grin1, Grin2b, Gria2, and Nos1 interact with those for COX at the transcriptional level. By means of chromosome conformation capture, interactions were found among all of these genes in neurons, but not in C2C12 muscle cells. COX subunit genes also did not interact with neurochemical genes not regulated by nuclear respiratory factor 1, nor with genes for calreticulin, a non-mitochondrial protein. Depolarizing stimulation up-regulated interaction frequencies between COX and neurochemical genes, whereas impulse blockade with tetrodotoxin or inhibition of COX with KCN down-regulated them in neurons. Thus, an efficient mechanism is in place for coordinating the transcriptional coupling of energy metabolism and glutamatergic neurotransmission at the molecular level in neurons.
Comparison between fingerprint and behavioral biometric authentication using 2D and 3D gestures (2016)

With the popularity of biometric authentication, a natural question is how to compare different biometric authentication mechanisms. By answering this question, we can better understand the strength and weakness of each biometric in authentication. In this paper we report our recent study on comparing most popular physiological biometric authentication method-fingerprint-with behavioral biometric authentication methods using 2D and 3D free-form gestures, which serves as the first step towards that goal. In our study, We have developed a different Android application for each form of authentication. We recruited 6 volunteers in the preliminary evaluation. Each participant tests the three apps for 5 consecutive days. Our preliminary results reveal some interesting findings and suggest more data collection and further data analysis.
Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum (2014)

Third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) is one of the third-order nonlinear optical processes, and has the generation mechanism analogous to third harmonic generation (THG). By using a white-light supercontinuum, we can obtain broadband multiplex TSFG spectra. In the present study, we developed an electronically resonant TSFG spectrometer, and applied it to obtain TSFG spectra of hemoproteins. Analyzed TSFG ratio spectra clearly showed the resonant enhancement attributable to the electronic state of hemoproteins. This is a promising method for the imaging of electronic states of molecules inside living cells or tissues.
Influence of aggregate packing structure on California bearing ratio values of unbound granular materials (2013)

Over the past several decades, California bearing ratio (CBR) value has been used in many countries for empirical pavement designs and still many countries are using it for unbound granular materials strength measurement and as input to their pavement design chart. Furthermore, CBR value of unbound granular material is frequently correlated with its fundamental mechanical properties such as resilient modulus, which in turn is often used as an input to a mechanistic pavement design procedure. In the present study, the effect the aggregate packing has on the CBR values of unbound materials is investigated. A packing theory-based framework that allows to identify the load-carrying part of the aggregate skeleton is presented. Aggregate packing parameters controlling the CBR performance of the unbound materials are introduced and evaluated with the experimentally measured CBR values of 20 unbound granular materials found in the literature. It is shown that the CBR values of granular materials are to a great extent controlled by the packing characteristics of their load-carrying skeleton.
Modeling the spectral structure of ducted sea clutter (2002)

A model has been developed to explain unusual sea clutter Doppler frequency spectral characteristics that were observed from search radars operating in ducting conditions. Sea returns from arctic coastal sites exhibit extreme mean Doppler frequency shifts, with the magnitudes of the means varying from one ocean area to another. The spectrum bandwidth for the individual returns was very narrow, even though the mean value was large. Clutter spectra collected from a Middle East site exhibited similar anomalies. Both data sets were collected during calm (almost glassy) seas, so breaking waves and surface turbulence were not responsible for the unusual characteristics. A physical mechanism is hypothesized to explain how the interaction between a moving ocean surface and propagating electromagnetic energy in a surface duct can induce large Doppler shifts in sea clutter spectra. Model simulations support the hypothesis and compare favorably with measured data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Emotional Disturbance or Social Misperception? An Important Classroom Management Question (1979)

Children who are characterized as unusually boisterous, aggressive, withdrawn, or destructive are often labeled disordered. The term behavioral disorder is generally applied to children who have significant problems interacting with peers, teachers, parents, or others within their social environment. Identifying a behaviorally disordered child in the elementary classroorh can appear quite easy, for this broad classification has been assigned to those who practice behavior that is consistently contrary to the norms and expectations of peers and/or the teacher. There is much reason to question the accuracy of many such diagnoses and labels (Fremont & Wallbrown 1979). Growing evidence from the field of learning disabilities suggests that many children who have been called behavior problems are, in fact, children with social misperceptions (Fremont, Seifert, & Wilson 1977, Fremont, Wallbrown, & Nelson 1978, Wiig & Semel 1976). For example, if some youngsters can experience academic failure due to learning disability or perceptual deficits, it stands to reason that others can experience social problems resulting from faulty social perception. That is not to say that all academic learning disabled youngsters experience social perception difficulties, nor is it to say that all youngsters with social perception problems experience academic learning disability. Nevertheless, a significant number of social deviants experience faulty social perception that is responsible for their inappropriate display of social behaviors and/or faulty interpretation of the behaviors of others. Classroom teachers and school mental health specialists must be better equipped to determine which students who practice deviant behavior are behaviorally disordered and which students are experiencing faulty social perception.
Rapid and accurate taxonomic classification of cpn60 amplicon sequence variants (2023)

The "universal target" region of the gene encoding the 60 kDa chaperonin protein (cpn60, also known as groEL or hsp60) is a proven sequence barcode for bacteria and a useful target for marker gene amplicon-based studies of complex microbial communities. To date, identification of cpn60 sequence variants from microbiome studies has been accomplished by alignment of queries to a reference database. Naïve Bayesian classifiers offer an alternative identification method that provides variable rank classification and shorter analysis times. We curated a set of cpn60 barcode sequences to train the RDP classifier and tested its performance on data from previous human microbiome studies. Results showed that sequences accounting for 79%, 86% and 92% of the observations (read counts) in saliva, vagina and infant stool microbiome data sets were classified to the species rank. We also trained the QIIME 2 q2-feature-classifier on cpn60 sequence data and demonstrated that it gives results consistent with the standalone RDP classifier. Successful implementation of a naïve Bayesian classifier for cpn60 sequences will facilitate future microbiome studies and open opportunities to integrate cpn60 amplicon sequence identification into existing analysis pipelines.
Trafficking of Stem Cells (2011)

Stem cells undergo regulated trafficking from the developmental stages to the adulthood. Stem cell migration is critical to organize developing organs and likely contributes postnatally to tissue regeneration. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying migration of hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, and primordial germ cells, revealing common operative pathways.
Integration of Genomics and Proteomics in Dissecting p53 Signaling (2007)

The discovery of the human genome and subsequent expansion of proteomics research combined with emerging technologies such as sophisticated computational biology are producing unprecedented changes in our understanding of the role of tumor suppressors in cell signaling. p53, a key tumor suppressor gene, is mutated in the majority of human cancers. Successful outcome of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in many cases, depends on functional p53. Therefore, elucidation of the function, regulation, and molecular interactions of p53 with its targets is of great importance for developing successful cancer therapy. Because p53 is a transcription factor with an expanded repertoire of genes that are known to be directly or indirectly under its control, global analysis of gene expression profiles represents the best approach for studying the p53 response to chemotherapeutic agents. Our laboratory and others have used gene expression profiling with microarrays to isolate p53 target genes in an attempt to understand the molecular signaling of p53 and to determine the molecular consequences that follow from treatment of cancer cells with chemotherapeutic agents. Although these attempts have been successful in isolating novel genes, gene expression profiling alone at the transcription level is not sufficient. Most of pharmacological targets are proteins or DNA, not RNA. Therefore, we need an approach that focuses on the molecular profiling of cancer cells at the DNA, RNA, and proteins. In this chapter, key findings on the current genomics and proteomics approaches for isolating p53 targets and their functional analysis are reviewed, and perspective is provided on the potential of integrating both approaches in the molecular pharmacology of p53 signaling.
Assessment of satellite-retrieved solar ultraviolet radiation in the Black Gobi desert of eastern Xinjiang (2021)

摘要：
Recent trends in different histological types of lung cancer in Tokyo based on pathological autopsy records. (1987)

The recently increasing trend of lung cancer mortality in Japan was qualitatively analyzed. As the percentages of cases undergoing pathological autopsies in Tokyo were thirty for males and twenty-six for females during the period from 1979 to 1983, the histologically classified death rates in Tokyo could be estimated by combining the reported cases of death from lung cancer with the proportion of these of known histological type. The results indicated an increase in adenocarcinoma, and a decrease in squamous-cell carcinoma, except for the older age-group of men. The latter result suggested that the results were affected by the decreasing proportion of smokers and by the improvement in cigarette quality. The increase in small-cell and large-cell carcinoma, and the decrease in undifferentiated carcinomas, could be explained by problems associated with differing diagnostic standards. However, when these three different types of carcinoma were considered as a single type, the death rate was shown to be increased except in younger age-groups of women.
Regional to global satellite based navigation systems (2003)

The author claims that implementation of a satellite based navigation system with a highly precise service can be conceived only with a significant cost reduction with respect to GPS (Global Positioning System). The lessons learned from various investigations indicate that the satellite constellation plays a predominant role in the cost-reduction initiative. In this perspective, a combination of geostationary satellite and satellites in inclined elliptic orbit (molniya or tundra) is expected to provide a promising solution, offering among other advantages, the possibility of starting with a regional service using a few space elements which could be upgraded to extend the service to a global scale.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ipso‐Arylative Ring‐Opening Polymerization as a Route to Electron‐Deficient Conjugated Polymers (2018)

ipso-Arylative ring-opening polymerization of 2-bromo-8-aryl-8H-indeno[2,1-b]thiophen-8-ol monomers proceeds to M<sub>n</sub> up to 9 kg mol<sup>-1</sup> with conversion of the monomer diarylcarbinol groups to pendent conjugated aroylphenyl side chains (2-benzoylphenyl or 2-(4-hexylbenzoyl)phenyl), which influence the optical and electronic properties of the resulting polythiophenes. Poly(3-(2-(4-hexylbenzoyl)phenyl)thiophene) was found to have lower frontier orbital energy levels (HOMO/LUMO=-5.9/-4.0 eV) than poly(3-hexylthiophene) owing to the electron-withdrawing ability of the aryl ketone side chains. The electron mobility (ca. 2×10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ) for poly(3-(2-(4-hexylbenzoyl)phenyl)thiophene) was found to be significantly higher than the hole mobility (ca. 8×10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ), which suggests such polymers are candidates for n-type organic semiconductors. Density functional theory calculations suggest that backbone distortion resulting from side-chain steric interactions could be a key factor influencing charge mobilities.
Efficacy of fish oil concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (2000)

The findings suggest that fish oil supplementation that delivers (n-3) fatty acids at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day, with dietary (n-6) fatty acid intake < 10 g/day in the background diet, results in substantial cellular incorporation of (n-3) fatty acids and improvements in clinical status in patients with RA.
The design of ESSENCE: a constraint language for specifying combinatorial problems (2007)

ESSENCE is a new formal language for specifying combinatorial problems in a manner similar to natural rigorous specifications that use a mixture of natural language and discrete mathematics. ESSENCE provides a high level of abstraction, much of which is the consequence of the provision of decision variables whose values can be combinatorial objects, such as tuples, sets, multisets, relations, partitions and functions. ESSENCE also allows these combinatorial objects to be nested to arbitrary depth, thus providing, for example, sets of partitions, sets of sets of partitions, and so forth. Therefore, a problem that requires finding a complex combinatorial object can be directly specified by using a decision variable whose type is precisely that combinatorial object. 1
One-Pot Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Graphene-Supported PtCoM (M = Mn, Ru, Mo) Catalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells (2021)

In this study, one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis was used to fabricate the graphene (GR)-supported PtCoM catalysts where M = Mn, Ru, and Mo. The catalysts with the molar ratios of metals Pt:Co:Mn, Pt:Co:Ru, and Pt:Co:Mo equal to 1:3:1, 1:2:2, and 7:2:1, respectively, were prepared. Catalysts were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytic activity of the GR-supported PtCoMn, PtCoRu, and PtCoMo catalysts was evaluated toward methanol oxidation in an alkaline medium employing cyclic voltammetry and chrono-techniques. The most efficient electrochemical characteristics demonstrated the PtCoMn/GR catalyst with a current density value of 144.5 mA cm−2, which was up to 4.8 times higher than that at the PtCoRu(1:2:2)/GR, PtCoMo(7:2:1)/GR, and bare Pt/GR catalysts.
Aggregation‐induced changes in the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals of proteins (2016)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MRI technique that allows mapping of biomolecules (small metabolites, proteins) with nearly the sensitivity of conventional water proton MRI. In living organisms, several tissue-specific CEST effects have been observed and successfully applied to diagnostic imaging. In these studies, particularly the signals of proteins showed a distinct correlation with pathological changes. However, as CEST effects depend on various properties that determine and affect the chemical exchange processes, the origins of the observed signal changes remain to be understood. In this study, protein aggregation was identified as an additional process that is encoded in the CEST signals of proteins. Investigation of distinct proteins that are involved in pathological disorders, namely amyloid beta and huntingtin, revealed a significant decrease of all protein CEST signals upon controlled aggregation. This finding is of particular interest with regard to diagnostic imaging of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that involve amyloidogenesis, such as Alzheimer's or Huntington's disease. To investigate whether the observed CEST signal decrease also occurs in heterogeneous mixtures of aggregated cellular proteins, and thus prospectively in tissue, heat-shocked yeast cell lysates were employed. Additionally, investigation of different cell compartments verified the assignment of the protein CEST signals to the soluble part of the proteome. The results of in vitro experiments demonstrate that aggregation affects the CEST signals of proteins. This observation can enable hypotheses for CEST imaging as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for monitoring pathological alterations of the proteome in vivo.
A real-time multi-sensor fusion platform for automated driving application development (2015)

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) become standard and sometimes mandatory for vehicles, e.g. autonomous emergency braking. Future vehicles will include multiple ADAS that assist with safety-critical operations. For efficiency and effectiveness, these ADAS should share resources, information and functionalities. Additionally, ADAS performing safety-critical functionality require predictability for the execution of their processes. This paper presents the integration of a layer-based multi-sensor fusion and processing platform into a real-time system that also supports non-critical processes, i.e. a mixed-criticality system. A suitable system is selected, the behavior of the platform and its interfaces is described and tests are performed to validate the predictable behavior, by examining the difference in jitter and execution latency. The real-time layer-based platform is suitable for the development and testing of multiple integrated safety-critical ADAS.
Modeling Dinuclear Copper Sites of Biological Relevance: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Magnetic Properties, and 1H NMR Spectroscopy of a Nonsymmetric Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex. Microcalorimetric Determination of Stepwise Complexation of Copper(II) by a Nonsymmetric Dinucleating Ligand (1995)

The new nonsymmetric dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(2)L(1)(OAcW(ClO4) (7) was synthesized by complexation of Cu(OAc). H2O with a new nonsymmetric dinucleating ligand (5) which' is formed in situ by condensation of 2-formyl-6-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol (3a) with 2-(aminoethyl)pyridine. Complex 7 crystallizes in the monocli,nic space group P2(1)/n with cell constants a = 7.486(1) Angstrom, b 22.472(2) Angstrom, c = 16.892(2) Angstrom, beta = 102.7(1)degrees, V = 2771.6(6) Angstrom(3), and Z = 4. The structure was determined at 130 K from 4890 out of a total of 7034 reflections with R(F) = 0.060 and R(wF) = 0.060. The crystal structure establishes the presence of a dinuclear copper core with distinct copper sites. One of the copper ions is coordinated by two sp(3) nitrogens whereas the other copper is coordinated by two sp(2) nitrogens. The two copper ions are bridged by a phenoxo group, by a syn-syn bidentate acetato bridge, and by a monodentate acetato bridge resulting in a Cu-Cu distance of 3.0293(10) Angstrom. The copper centers are weakly antiferromagnetically coupled with 2J = -15 cm(-1). This weak antiferromagnetic coupling is reflected in the large isotropic shifts for the ligand protons in the H-1 NMR spectrum of 7. 2D-COSY experiments and selective substitutions, leading to p-methyl-substituted complex 8, were performed to allow assignments of the proton resonances. The complexation behavior of nonsymmetric ligand 5 is studied by microcalorimetric and UV-vis spectroscopic measurements. These techniques unambiguously establish the stepwise complexation behavior of the ligand; nonsymmetric dinuclear complex 7 is formed via the initial formation of a mononuclear copper complex. The enthalpy of formation of the first complexation step is -8.4 (+/-0.2) kcal/mol (K = 1.8 (+/-0.1) x 10(8)); for the second step a value of Delta H = -1.9 (10.1) kcal/mol (K = 1.1 (+/-0.1) 10(5)) was obtained using microcalorimetry.