gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing Human Performance Measures (2006)

Through the reactor oversight process (ROP), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) monitors the performance of utilities licensed to operate nuclear power plants. The process is designed to assure public health and safety by providing reasonable assurance that licensees are meeting the cornerstones of safety and designated crosscutting elements. The reactor inspection program, together with performance indicators (PIs), and enforcement activities form the basis for the NRC’s risk-informed, performance based regulatory framework. While human performance is a key component in the safe operation of nuclear power plants and is a designated cross-cutting element of the ROP, there is currently no direct inspection or performance indicator for assessing human performance. Rather, when human performance is identified as a substantive cross cutting element in any 1 of 3 categories (resources, organizational or personnel), it is then evaluated for common themes to determine if follow-up actions are warranted. However, variability in human performance occurs from day to day, across activities that vary in complexity, and workgroups, contributing to the uncertainty in the outcomes of performance. While some variability in human performance may be random, much of the variability may be attributed to factors that are not currently assessed. There is a need to identify and assess aspects of human performance that relate to plant safety and to develop measures that can be used to successfully assure licensee performance and indicate when additional investigation may be required. This paper presents research that establishes a technical basis for developing human performance measures. In particular, we discuss: 1) how historical data already gives some indication of connection between human performance and overall plant performance, 2) how industry led efforts to measure and model human performance and organizational factors could serve as a data source and basis for a framework, 3) how our use of modeling and simulation techniques could be used to develop and validate measures of human performance, and 4) what the possible outcomes are from this research as the modeling and simulation efforts generate results.
Influence of Synthesis Conditions on Electronic and Junction Properties of Poly(anthranilic acid)–Clay Nanocomposites with Aluminum (2010)

Nanocomposites of carboxyl functionalized conducting polymer, poly(anthranilic acid) (PANA), with inorganic Na+ montmorillonite (MMT) clay are formed using in-situ polymerization and solution mixing techniques and used for the first time for fabrication of sandwich type devices with configuration metal Al/PANA–clay nanocomposite/indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO). The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and diode performance parameters are compared and contrasted for the materials obtained by different synthesis routes and polymers synthesized for different polymerization time. I–V characteristics of these devices show a rectifying contact with Al metal, however, with significant variation in performance parameters like barrier height, ideality factor and reverse saturation current. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of the Schottky diodes are used for extracting the built-in potential and doping concentration. The novel nanocomposite material is also characterized for their surface morphology, structural and electrical properties.
Characterization of Microsatellites for Population Genetic Analyses of the Fungus-Growing TermiteOdontotermes formosanus(Isoptera: Termitidae) (2013)

The fungus-growing subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Termitidae) is a destructive pest in Southeast Asia. To facilitate studies on the biology, ecology, and control of O. formosanus, we isolated and characterized nine novel microsatellite loci from a mixed partial genomic library of O. formosanus and the sympatric Macrotermes barneyi Light enriched for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats. We screened these loci in three populations of O. formosanus from China. All loci were polymorphic. Three loci showed heterozygote deficit possibly because of the presence of null alleles. The remaining six loci with 4-15 alleles per locus and an average observed heterozygosity of 0.15-0.60 across populations were used for population genetic analysis. Populations from different provinces (Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Hubei) were genetically differentiated, but the genetic distance between populations was surprisingly small (FST: 0.03-0.08) and the gene flow was considerable (Nem: 3-8), despite the geographical distance being >300 km. Genetic diversity within populations was low (allelic richness: 5.1-6.3) compared with other subterranean dwelling termites, but consistent with the diversity in species of the family Termitidae. Microsatellite markers developed for O. formosanus will allow further studies to examine the phylogeography, population genetic and colony breeding structure, dispersal ranges, and size of foraging territories in this and closely related species, as well as aid in assessing treatment success.
Another new year (2019)

2018 was another successful year for RBMO. As part of the continuing development of the journal, we have strengthened the team of editors to include Chris Barratt, Felice Petraglia and René Eijkemans, who join Mina Alikani, Richard Anderson, Juan Garcia Velasco and Martin Johnson, allowing the Chief Editor, Bart Fauser, more time to focus on strategic considerations. Profiles of the new editors will appear in a subsequent issue. After considerable changes to the structure of the Editorial Panel in 2016, there have been fewer recent changes, but most notably we thank a long-standing member of the Editorial Panel, Nils Lambalk, for all of his hard work over the many years of his involvement with the journal, most recently as a Section Editor for the section ‘Periconception, pregnancy, children outcomes’.
Segment Routing for Enhanced VPN Service (1999)

Enhanced VPN (VPN+) is an enhancement to VPN services to enable it to
support the needs of new applications, particularly applications that
are associated with 5G services. These applications require better
isolation from both control and data plane's perspective and have
more stringent performance requirements than can be provided with
overlay VPNs. The characteristics of an enhanced VPN as perceived by
its tenant needs to be comparable to those of a dedicated private
network. This requires tight integration between the overlay VPN and
the underlay network topology and resources in a scalable manner. An
enhanced VPN may form the underpinning of 5G network slicing, but will
also be of use in its own right. This document describes how to use
segment routing based mechanisms to provide the enhanced VPN service
with the required network topology and resources. The overall
mechanism of providing segment routing based enhanced VPN service is
also described. The proposed mechanism is applicable to both segment
routing with MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS) and segment routing with IPv6
data plane (SRv6).
Curing behavior and properties of the cured resin based on bismaleimide, bisoxazoline, and oleic acid ternary copolymer (2008)

Abstract The curing behavior and properties of bismaleimide (BMI), bisoxazoline (1,3‐PBO), and oleic acid ternary copolymers are investigated. It is found that the cure temperature of BMI/1,3‐PBO or BMI/1,3‐PBO/oleic acid could be lowered, compared with that of BMI. The reason lies in the copolymerization reaction between BMI, 1,3‐PBO, and oleic acid. SEM results confirm that 1,3‐PBO and oleic acid could toughen BMI system because of the formation of ester–amide bonds and the long fat chain of oleic acid. The cured resins from BMI/1,3‐PBO or BMI/1,3‐PBO/oleic acid have superior heat resistance and water resistance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Background mosaicking for low bit rate video coding (2002)

This paper proposes a new technique to build a background memory based on mosaicking. More precisely, the technique first identifies background and foreground regions based on local motion estimates. Camera motion is then estimated on the background by applying parametric global motion estimation. Finally, after compensating for camera motion, the background content is temporally integrated in long-term memory. The method leads to high coding performances and allows for content-based functionalities.
Structure of the tubulin dimer. (1977)

Microtubules are formed from a 110,000-dalton dimeric subunit called tubulin. Two forms of 55,000-dalton monomer, alpha and beta, are found in all microtubule preparations. The dimers could thus theoretically be either heterodimers (alphabeta) or homodimers (alphaalpha and betabeta). This problem was investigated by stigated by chemical cross-linking using several bifunctional reagents, of which one, dimethyl-3,3-(tetrame thylenedioxy) dipropionimidate dihydrochloride (DTDI), was able to make intradimer bonds in tubulin. When soluble chick brain tubulin was cross-linked with DTDI and analyzed by electrophoresis in an acrylamide gel system capable of resolving alphaalpha, alphabeta, and betabeta, 60 to 90% of the cross-linked dimer was alphabeta. If tubulin was incubated at 24 degrees prior to cross-linking with DTDI the total yield of cross-linked dimer increased with time, indicating that tubulin was forming loose aggregates. The relative amounts of cross-linked dimer alphaalpha and betabeta also increase with time, indicating that soluble tubulin is largely alphabeta, and suggesting that cross-linked alphaalpha and betabeta arise from nonspecific aggregation during tubulin purification. The aggregation observed by cross-linking with DTDI was strongly influenced by colchicine and Vinca alkaloids in a pattern similar to the effects of these drugs on tubulin polymerization.
Quantification of linear and nonlinear elasticity by compression optical coherence elastography for determining lymph node status in breast cancer (2023)

Abstract We report the first application of compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) to evaluate both linear and nonlinear elastic properties of lymph nodes (LNs) for assessing their status, which is an important factor for detecting metastasis and staging breast cancer. The reported study involved 27 excised sentinel and axillary LNs from 24 patients with breast cancer, including normal LNs ( n = 6), reactive LNs with follicular hyperplasia ( n = 7) and sinus histiocytosis ( n = 8), and metastatic LNs ( n = 6). C-OCE data were compared with co-registered gold-standard histopathology and demonstrated a significantly higher contrast in differentiation of LNs as compared to structural optical coherence tomography imaging. Normal LNs are characterized by low stiffness values in the areas of LN cortex (&lt;200 kPa). C-OCE revealed that abnormal reactive LNs with follicular hyperplasia exhibit moderately increased stiffness (200–300 kPa) in the cortex areas and more pronounced stiffness increase (400–600 kPa) in the areas of sinus histiocytosis. LNs with total metastasis exhibit fairly uniformly distributed highest stiffness values (&gt;600 kPa). Since in terms of the tangent Young’s modulus there remained an appreciable overlap among these types of LNs, we also evaluated their elastic nonlinearity parameters. Complementary usage of both linear and nonlinear elastic parameters enabled very clear differentiation of all four main states of LNs. Thus, C-OCE imaging demonstrates high potential for future intraoperative usage to rapidly determine the LN status during breast-conserving surgery and to assess the extent of the cancer cells propagation in regional lymphatic collectors for preserving benign LNs. This is important for reducing the associated risks and complications (such as lymphedema) from excessive surgical removal of lymphoid structures.
Efficacy of domperidone and sulpiride as treatments for fescue toxicosis in horses (1994)

We evaluated the effectiveness of 2 dopamine antagonists as treatments for fescue toxicosis in horses. Sixteen gravid mares were assigned by breed and expected foaling date to 1 of 3 treatment groups: endophyte-infested control; 1.1 mg of domperidone/kg of body weight/d; and 3.3 mg of sulpiride/kg/d. Mares were pastured on endophyte-infected fescue and received 0.454 kg of a corn and dried molasses carrier containing the drug treatment. Treatment started 30 days prior to expected foaling date and continued until parturition. Blood samples were collected, and mammary gland scores were recorded every 5 days. Body weight and body condition scores were obtained every 28 days. Serum was analyzed for prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta concentrations. Domperidone-treated mares had shorter (P = 0.09) gestation duration and foaled closer (P = 0.07) to their expected parturition date than did control mares. Mammary gland scores were higher (P < 0.05) for domperidone-treated mares than for control mares. By 4 and 9 days after the start of treatment, serum prolactin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in domperidone-treated mares and sulpiride-treated mares, respectively, than in control mares. Domperidone- and sulpiride-treated mares had higher (P < 0.05) serum progesterone and lower (P < 0.01) estradiol-17 beta concentrations than did control mares. These results indicate that domperidone may offer considerable potential as a treatment for fescue toxicosis in horses.
Differentially Severe Cognitive Effects of Compromised Cerebral Blood Flow in Aged Mice: Association with Myelin Degradation and Microglia Activation (2017)

Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) models the effects of compromised cerebral blood flow on brain structure and function in mice. We compared the effects of BCAS in aged (21 month) and young adult (3 month) female mice, anticipating a differentially more severe effect in the older mice. Four weeks after surgery there was a significant age by time by treatment interaction on the radial-arm water maze (RAWM; <i>p</i> = 0.014): on the first day of the test, latencies of old mice were longer compared to the latencies of young adult mice, independent of BCAS. However, on the second day of the test, latencies of old BCAS mice were significantly longer than old control mice (<i>p</i> = 0.049), while latencies of old controls were similar to those of the young adult mice, indicating more severe impairment of hippocampal dependent learning and working memory by BCAS in the older mice. Fluorescence staining of myelin basic protein (MBP) showed that old age and BCAS both induced a significant decrease in fluorescence intensity. Evaluation of the number oligodendrocyte precursor cells demonstrated augmented myelin replacement in old BCAS mice (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with young adult BCAS and old control mice. While microglia morphology was assessed as normal in young adult control and young adult BCAS mice, microglia of old BCAS mice exhibited striking activation in the area of degraded myelin compared to young adult BCAS (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and old control mice (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings show a differentially more severe effect of cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive function, myelin integrity and inflammatory processes in aged mice. Hypoperfusion may exacerbate degradation initiated by aging, which may induce more severe neuronal and cognitive phenotypes.
Spatial Modulation -- OFDM (2006)

Abstract—In this paper, a novel multiple antenna-OFDM transmission approach, called spatial modu-lation (SM)-OFDM is presented. SM entirely avoidsinter-channel interference (ICI) at the receiver input,requires no synchronization between the transmittingantennas, and avoids correlation between them whilemaintaining high spectral efﬁciency. SM maps a blockof information bits into a constellation point in thesignal as well as the spatial domain. The spatialdomain corresponds to a particular antenna location.Hence, for OFDM transmission, each subcarrier ismapped to one of the transmitting antennas. Onlythe corresponding antenna will be sending poweron that subcarrier at an instant of time while allother antennas are transmitting zero power on thisparticular subcarrier. The receiver estimates the trans-mitted signal and the transmit antenna number anduses the two information to de-map the block ofinformation bits. A comparison between SM-OFDMand V-BLAST-OFDM using optimum ordering (OR)and successive interference cancelation (SIC) in termsof system performance is presented in this paper.Index Terms—MIMO, OFDM, V-BLAST, SpatialModulation, ZF, ICI.
Assessment of relationship between the pattern of hypertrophy and the function of left ventricle in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. (1990)

Pre- and postoperative echocardiograms of 64 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation who had undergone isolated aortic valvular replacement (AVR) were studied. These patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: (1) Group A patients who had preoperative end-diastolic radius to wall thickness ratio (R/Thd) less than or equal to 3. (2) Group B1 patients who had preoperative R/Thd greater than 3 and end-systolic radius to wall thickness ratio (R/Ths) less than 2. (3) Group B2 patients who had preoperative R/Thd greater than 3 and R/Ths greater than or equal to 2. Using this classification we assessed the relation between the pattern of hypertrophy and left ventricular (LV) function and the reversibility of LV dysfunction following AVR. Preoperatively, ejection fraction (EF) during handgrip exercise was unchanged in Group A (% delta EF: -2.8 +/- 7.1%) and significantly decreased in Groups B1 (-17.0 +/- 5.8%) and B2 (-20.2 +/- 4.6%). In the late postoperative period, however, it was, -1.2 +/- 3.3%, -2.0 +/- 4.6%, and -17.7 +/- 8.6% in Groups A, B1, B2, respectively. Preoperatively the slope of end-systolic wall stress/volume (ESWS-ESV relation was 1.96 +/- 0.43 in Group A (p less than 0.01 vs Group B2, NS vs Group B1), 1.54 +/- 0.38 in Group B1 (NS vs Group B2) and 1.17 +/- 0.47 in Group B2. It was stressed that a good relationship existed between the pattern of hypertrophy and function as well as the reversibility of LV dysfunction following AVR.
Reflections on (2021)

At UC Davis, in late 2010, we noticed that developers frequently debated the topic of code readability and style. Practitioners often expressed strong, off-the-cuff judgments regarding the read- ability of code, but mostly disagreed on the precise attributes of readability. While developers clearly cared about the factors they believed related to readability, the concept was not well defined.
Clinical implications of GWAS variants associated with differentiated thyroid cancer (2019)

The genetic risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) probably consists of multiple low-penetrance, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Such markers are difficult to uncover by linkage analysis but can be revealed by association studies. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered 31 SNPs associated with DTC. These markers carry a low to moderate risk for DTC, but their cumulative effect increases with each successive risk allele. These data support the important contribution of low penetrance variants in the pathogenesis of DTC. Contrary to somatic mutations such as BRAFV600E, germline variants can be ascertained prior to surgical treatment. Therefore, we hypothesise that GWAS SNPs might impact the clinical course of DTC and we can benefit from this knowledge in choosing a treatment strategy. Several associations between clinical factors and GWAS markers have been reported so far. The most important are associations between rs966423 and mortality (HR = 1.60, p = 0.038), extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (OR = 1.57, p = 0.019); rs965513 and tumour diameter (slope of regression 0.14, p = 0.025), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.59, p = 0.030) and ETE (OR = 1.29, p = 0.045); rs944289 and distant metastasis (OR = 0.58, p = 0.042); and rs116909374 and lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.61, p = 0.016). These findings show that GWAS SNPs are not only the ignition factors (together with environmental factors) for malignant transformation of thyrocytes but might also impact the clinical course of DTC. Surprisingly, it is not always the risk allele for DTC that is associated with worse clinical outcome. The second interesting observation is that GWAS SNPs show different associations with DTC clinical features depending on their histological subtypes. These point to the complexity of DTC with putatively different roles of genes at different stages of DTC development. (Endokrynol Pol 2019; 70 (5): 423-429).
Transcription Enhancer Factor-5 and a GATA-Like Protein Determine Placental-Specific Expression of the Type I Human 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Gene,HSD3B1 (2004)

The enzyme 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3betaHSD) is required for the biosynthesis of all active steroid hormones. It exists as multiple isoforms in humans and rodents, each a product of a distinct gene. Two isoforms, 3betaHSD I and II, are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in humans. 3betaHSD I is the only isoform expressed in the placenta, where it is required for the biosynthesis of progesterone and thus essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. We recently identified two transcription factors, activating protein-2gamma (AP-2gamma) and the homeodomain protein, distaless-3 (Dlx-3), that are expressed in both human and mouse trophoblast cells that were shown to be required for trophoblast-specific expression of the orthologous murine 3betaHSD, 3betaHSD VI. Although we identified specific binding sites for AP-2gamma and Dlx-3 in the distal promoter of the human 3betaHSD I gene, HSD3B1, it was found that these transcription factors were not involved in determining placental-specific expression of human 3betaHSD I. Instead, a 53-bp placental-specific enhancer element located between -2570 and -2518 of the HSD3B1 promoter was identified. Within this 53-bp element, two potential placental transcription factor binding sites were found. EMSAs with a 20-bp oligonucleotide containing these two potential placental-specific binding sites identified one of the binding sites specific for the transcription enhancer factor (TEF)-5, which is highly expressed in human placenta and in placental choriocarcinoma-derived JEG-3 cells and the other overlapping binding site, specific for a GATA-like protein. Site-specific mutations in either the TEF-5 binding site or in the GATA binding site, each resulted in complete loss of enhancer activity. The data indicate that TEF-5 and the GATA-like protein act in a coordinate manner to determine the placental-specific expression of the human 3betaHSD I enzyme and therefore are critical for placental progesterone production required for the maintenance of pregnancy.