gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-harmonic generation from chalcopyrite-structure semiconductor thin films (1996)

We propose that thin films of tetragonal chalcopyrite-structure semiconductor media are promising nonlinearoptical (NLO) materials for the following reasons: Phase matching is possible with them in principle, they can be utilized in a waveguide geometry, and they are compatible with III-V substrates. We investigate the second-order NLO properties of chalcopyrite-structure CuInSe(2) and CuGaSe(2) thin films grown on GaAs(001), using optical second-harmonic (SH) generation at a fundamental wavelength of 790 nm. The SH intensities produced by approximately stoichiometric CuInSe(2) and CuGaSe(2) thin films are similar to that of GaAs. The second-order optical nonlinearities are strongly curtailed in nonstoichiometric thin films.
Design of Closed-Cycle MHD Generator with Nonequilibrium Ionization and System (1977)

A closed-cycle MHD generator topping a steam bottoming plant is analyzed. The combined power plant involves three working fluids in three loops. The MHD loop is investigated more thoroughly since it is the least conventional of the three. Equations are developed to determine the geometric and thermodynamic variables throughout the MHD channel for inlet conditions of mass flow, temperature, pressure, and velocity. Limiting design parameters are output power, channel length, channel aspect ratio, Hall parameter, and interaction parameter. The basic closed-cycle MHD loop working fluid can consist of either argon or helium seeded with cesium. Both non-equilibrium ionization produced by the elevation of the electron temperature from joule heating of the plasma and thermal ionization are considered. Equations used to calculate the electrical conductivity and the elevation of electron temperatures are derived. These equations are coupled with the one-dimentional differential equations applicable to an MHD generator. The chief interest is in determining those MHD channel conditions which result in the most thermodynamically efficient MHD-steam plantcombination. Thus an overall heat balance forthe system is required. Equations are developed to calculate the gas properties at the various stations of the closed loop and to determine the overall efficiency of the cycle. A rather flexible computer program written in Fortran is used to solve the MHD generator equations and to make the overall heat balance. Some typical results presented demonstrate the feasibility and adaptability of the analysis for optimizing the thermal efficiency and the sensitivity of thermal efficiency to various parameters.
The Future of Bitcoin: a Synchrosqueezing Wavelet Transform to Predict Search Engine Query Trends. (2016)

In recent years search engines have become the go-to methods for achieving many types of knowledge, spanning from detailed descriptions or general information interesting to the user. Likewise several reassignment techniques are capturing the attention of researchers in the field of signal analysis. Particularly, the Synchrosqueezing Wavelet Transform - SST allows signal decomposition and instantaneous frequency extrusion, at the same time promising consistent reconstruction capabilities, hence the possibility to contrive an SST assisted inference engine. We are going to test it using datasets extracted from search engine trends, using a cloud of keywords related to the Bitcoin topic. This could be useful to study the evolution of the cryptocurrency both in time and geographical terms, and to estimate the future number of queries. The importance of Bitcoin queries prediction goes beyond the academic and research environments and, as such, it could lead to valuable commercial applications, such as financial recommender systems or blockchain-based transaction managers development.
Modification of poly(butylene terephthalate) by reaction with 1,4-butane sultone; synthesis and thermal characterization of new telechelic PBT ionomers (2008)

Abstract New telechelic poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) ionomers, characterized by the presence of some aliphatic sulfonated chain ends, were prepared by reaction with the 1,4-butane sultone. Two methods of synthesis were compared and the final polymers, containing different percentages of ionic groups, were characterized, with particular attention to the thermal properties. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the presence of ionic groups does not modify the thermal stability of PBT. The differential scanning calorimetry indicates that the crystalline phase and the crystallinity degree of PBT do not change in the presence of ionic chain ends, whereas the crystallization rate was found to be strongly modified. The ionomers crystallize at very high rate, due to the nucleating effect of the ionic aggregations formed in the melt.
Quantitative Microbiological Analysis of Bacterial Community Shifts in a High-Rate Anaerobic Bioreactor Treating Sulfite Evaporator Condensate (1990)

The bacterial population of a high-rate, anaerobic, fixed-bed loop reactor treating sulfite evaporator condensate from the pulp industry was studied over a 14-month period. This period was divided into seven cycles that included a startup at the beginning of each cycle. Some 82% of the total biomass was immobilized on and between the porous glass rings filling the reactor. The range of the total number of microorganisms in these biofilms was 2 x 10 to 7 x 10 cells per ml. Enumeration and characterization by microbiological methods and by phase-contrast, epifluorescence, and electron microscopy showed that the samples consisted mainly of the following methanogens: a Methanobacterium sp., a Methanosarcina sp., a Methanobrevibacter sp., and a Methanothrix sp., as well as furfural-degrading sulfate-reducing bacteria resembling Desulfovibrio furfuralis. Viable counts of hydrogenotrophic methanogens were relatively stable (mostly within the range of 3.2 x 10 to 7.5 x 10 cells per ml), but Methanobrevibacter cells increased from <5 to 30% of the total hydrogenotrophic count after transfer of the fixed bed into a second reactor vessel. Acetotrophic methanogens reached their highest numbers of 1.3 x 10 to 2.6 x 10 cells per ml in the last fermentation cycles. They showed a morphological shift from sarcinalike packets in early samples to single coccoid forms in later phases of the fermentation. Furfural-degrading sulfate reducers reached counts of 1 x 10 to 5.8 x 10 cells per ml. The distribution of the chief metabolic groups between free fluid and biofilms was analyzed in the fifth fermentation cycle: 4.5 times more furfural degraders were found in the free fluid than in the biofilms. In contrast, 5.8 times more acetotrophic and 16.6 times more hydrogenotrophic methanogens were found in the biofilms than in the free liquid. The data concerning time shifts of morphotypes among the trophic groups of methanogens corroborated the trends observed by using immunological assays on the same samples.
Optiques binaires et application à l’imagerie - Optiques auto-imageantes (2019)

Les composants optiques binaires auto-imageants (COBAI) se distinguent des optiques conventionnelles par leurs propriétés d’imageries remarquables. Ils ont la capacité de répéter un même motif de diffraction, certains même canalisent la lumière selon des lignes focales.
Localization of the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. (1993)

We have previously shown that rat brain tubulin, a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and beta monomer, can be covalently labeled with [3H]colchicine by near UV irradiation. Most of the label appears in beta-tubulin. We show here that beta-tubulin can be separated and purified from SDS preparative gels and analyzed by proteolysis. Chymotrypsin yielded a labeled approximately 4-kDa band that contained two peptides. Tryptic digestion also yielded an approximately 4-kDa band containing two peptides. Sequence analysis revealed a peptide of residues 1-36 and 213-242 for chymotrypsin and a peptide of residues 1-46 and 214-241 for trypsin. To identify which peptide carried the label, limited hydrolysis of beta-tubulin was done with trypsin; this procedure yielded a labeled 16-kDa N-terminal peptide and a 35-kDa C-terminal peptide, as identified by antibodies. Isolation of these peptides and extensive digestion with trypsin yielded two labeled peptides corresponding to residues 1-46 from the 16-kDa N-terminal fragment and residues 214-241 from the 35-kDa C-terminal fragment. These results show that at least two regions in beta-tubulin are specifically involved in colchicine binding and that the span of the colchicine molecule, < or = 11 A, bridges these two regions in the native beta monomer.
Clinical and genetic findings in Hungarian pediatric patients carrying chromosome 16p copy number variants and a review of the literature (2020)

The short arm of chromosome 16 (16p) is enriched for segmental duplications, making it susceptible to recurrent, reciprocal rearrangements implicated in the etiology of several phenotypes, including intellectual disability, speech disorders, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, obesity and congenital skeletal disorders. In our clinical study 73 patients were analyzed by chromosomal microarray, and results were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction. All patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, with special emphasis on behavioral symptoms. 16p rearrangements were identified in 10 individuals. We found six pathogenic deletions and duplications of the recurrent regions within 16p11.2: one patient had a deletion of the distal 16p11.2 region associated with obesity, while four individuals had duplications, and one patient a deletion of the proximal 16p11.2 region. The other four patients carried 16p variations as second-site genomic alterations, acting as possible modifying genetic factors. We present the phenotypic and genotypic results of our patients and discuss our findings in relation to the available literature.
Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering from Elastomeric Networks in which the Junctions Alternate Regularly in their Functionality (2009)

Abstract We compute scattering form factors for SANS from labeled paths in Gaussian phantom networks in which junctions alternate regularly in their functionality (the number of chains emanating from a junction). Our calculations are based on the James‐Guth model of rubber‐like elasticity, which assumes that fluctuations are strain independent, while mean vectors transform affinely with the applied strain. Kratky plots for scattering from isotropic and uniaxially stretched bifunctional networks are computed and compared with corresponding plots for the simpler unifunctional networks. The results show the effects of the length of the labeled path, extent of deformation, direction of scattering with respect to the principal axis of the deformation and the functionalities of the network junctions. magnified image
Two-dimensional turbulent diffusion calculations for application to atmospheric laser propagation (1990)

High power laser propagation through the turbulent atmospheric is difficult due to thermal blooming effects. Current atmospheric turbulence models assume that the turbulent structure is transported across the laser beam diameter at the mean wind speed. This frozen turbulence model is valid if the laser length is short compared to the characteristic time scale associated with the evolution of the turbulence. However, for laser systems with very long inter-pulse spacing, the turbulent structure may have sufficient time to evolve dynamically between laser pulses. The turbulent structure early in the pulse train may be quite different from the turbulent structure late in the pulse train. In this study, the results from a two dimensional code used to model the time evolution of atmospheric turbulence are presented. Calculations of the turbulent diffusion and the auto-correlation time of the turbulence as a function of eddy size and velocity structure constant are also given.
XPS analysis of peptides immobilized onto HA25. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbed (lower) sample. (B) XPS C1s (left) and N1s (right) spectra of the HA25 - FITC-RGD grafted (upper) and adsorbed (lower) sample. (C) From C1s spectra in (A) and (B), quantification of amide/C-C and (amine + C-CO)/C-C ratios for each material.&lt;/p&gt;
Toward personalized psychotherapy: The importance of the trait-like/state-like distinction for understanding therapeutic change. (2020)

For the past hundred years, mechanisms of change have been the black box of psychotherapy. Thousands of studies failed to produce consistent findings, even concerning factors considered crucial for treatment success by theoretical models and decades of clinical experience. This article introduces the distinction between trait-like (TL) and state-like (SL) components of any mechanism of change (the TLSL distinction) as a potential key to the black box of psychotherapy. TL refers to individual differences between patients; SL refers to changes occurring within the patient over the course of treatment. The TLSL distinction explains why past research, which conflated the two, has produced conflicting results, and predicts the conditions under which consistent results can be obtained. Data collected so far show support for the importance of the TLSL distinction and point the way toward personalized treatment. The TL components create the individual's signature pathology and strengths map, and determine the SL changes that represent the patient-specific mechanisms most critical for optimizing treatment efficacy for each individual. The TLSL distinction has the potential to explain not only how psychotherapy works, but also how changes of any type occur in the wake of intervention, life events, and other factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A rapid and automatic image registration algorithm with subpixel accuracy (1997)

A number of digital imaging techniques in medicine require the combination of multiple images. Using these techniques, it is essential that the images be adequately aligned and registered prior to addition, subtraction, or any other combination of the images. This paper describes an alignment routine developed to register an image of a fixed object containing a global offset error, rotation error, and magnification error relative to a second image. The described routine uses sparsely sampled regional correlation in a novel way to reduce computation time and avoid the use of markers and human interaction. The result is a fast, robust, and automatic alignment algorithm, with accuracy better than about 0.2 pixel in a test with clinical computed radiography images.
Oxygen Potential of Cs2U4O12/Cs2U4O13Equilibrium (1985)

KEYWORDS: oxygen potentialscesium carbonatesuranium oxidescesium uranatesgalvanic cellelectromotive forcethermodynamic dataGibbs energyequilibrium
Photocurrent Generation by Surface Plasmon Excitation via Electron Transfer Quenching of Excited Porphyrins Linked Covalently to a Gold Film Electrode (1998)

Abstract Photocurrent was generated by surface plasmon excitation upon a porphyrin-modified gold film electrode using p-polarized light at 632.8 nm light in which electron transfer occurred from the excited porphyrin linked covalently to the gold electrode to a quencher such as molecular oxygen and methyl viologen in an aqueous solution.
Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of 3‐Substituted 4‐(4′‐Thiazolyl)‐Sydnones (1980)

Abstract Sydnone derivatives with various substituents at C‐4 of the phenyl ring and at C‐2 of the thiazolyl ring were synthesised and tested for antiinflammatory activity. Five compounds have shown promising results.
Popularity is everything: a new approach to protecting passwords from statistical-guessing attacks (2010)

We propose to strengthen user-selected passwords against statistical-guessing attacks by allowing users of Internetscale systems to choose any password they want—so long as it’s not already too popular with other users. We create an oracle to identify undesirably popular passwords using an existing data structure known as a count-min sketch, which we populate with existing users ’ passwords and update with each new user password. Unlike most applications of probabilistic data structures, which seek to achieve only a maximum acceptable rate false-positives, we set a minimum acceptable false-positive rate to confound attackers who might query the oracle or even obtain a copy of it. 1.
Balanced Service Chaining in Software-Defined Networks with Network Function Virtualization (2016)

Balanced Hash Tree (BHT) is a mechanism for service function (SF) chaining, service routing, and traffic steering that enables switches to select SF instances for load balancing without involving the controller. In an experimental evaluation, BHT decreased packet-in message-processing time by 92.5 percent and achieved near-perfect load-balancing performance.
A laser photodetachment technique for the measurement of H− in a high frequency traveling wave discharge (2001)

A probe based laser photodetachment system has been developed to measure the H− density in a high frequency hydrogen discharge sustained by a traveling surface wave. Problems associated with application of this technique in high frequency discharges in general are pointed out. The influence of the time varying voltage across the plasma probe sheath on the probe measurement has been minimized by applying a passive method of compensation. An emissive probe, placed inside the launcher, has been used as a reference electrode in order to minimize the discharge disturbance and to reduce the additional resistance in the measuring system. A filtering technique has been incorporated in the detection system to separate the photodetachment signal from the signal at the discharge stimulating frequency. The big heating of the probe, set at electron saturation condition, has been avoided by using a convenient time sequence of the detection system operation. The photodetachment H− density measurements are confirmed by applying a high sensitivity second derivative probe technique as a second reference method. Axial variation of H− density, as measured, correlates with the axial distribution of hydrogen atoms. Experimentally obtained radial H− density profile confirms the well known fact that the negative ions are confined in the existing radial potential well.
Raman studies of singlewalled nanotubes (1998)

Raman results have been used in a systematic study of one collaret obtained by the electric arc discharge method and splitted into several parts. In studying several spots for each part, we can put in evidence a significant inhomogeneity. Indeed, the diameter distribution of the nanotubes can change drastically from one spot to the other which can be followed with the low frequency bands intensity. This could signify that the tube diameter depends on the location in the synthesis chamber. For comparison, we will present also studies of samples obtained by other methods of synthesis: laser ablation and solar energy. Information about the production process and the influence of some synthesis parameters will be presented.
Hot Cell-Direct PCR Aimed at Specific Cell Detection (2016)

Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was proposed, it has become an essential method in the field of biological gene analysis, providing a method to amplify DNA sequences of interest. To detect and/or analyze genes in cells, the gene or expressed gene must first be extracted before PCR. This procedure takes time and may result in the loss of samples. In order to avoid such drawbacks, two methods, hot cell-direct PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), were invented, to detect genes in cells. Using hot cell-direct PCR, specific genes in microbial cells such as invA in Salmonella enterica have been easily detected and applied to discriminate Archaea from bacteria. As hot cell-direct PCR and RT-PCR are fairly simple processes, they can be applied to detect genes in single cells. We developed an original compact disc (CD)-shaped microfluidic device with microchambers for single-cell isolation and a detection system for expressed genes in isolated single cells in a microchamber on the device. We succeeded in the detection of PCR and RT-PCR products in individual cells and successfully detected S. enterica cells by hot cell-direct PCR. Expressed genes in Jurkat cells—human leukemia T cells—were analyzed by this method.
Changes in cell surface antigens during stem cell ontogeny. (1984)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies that bind to the murine pluripotential stem cell CFU-s was used to examine the antigenic profile of the stem cell during ontogeny. The results show that the stem cell surface changes dramatically during development. One group of three independently derived monoclonal antibodies binds to subpopulations (50%-70%) of stem cells at plateau values, and these populations increase marginally during development. A second group of four monoclonal antibodies, including anti-H-2Kk (11-4.1), define stem cell antigens that increase from low levels in the fetal liver to high levels in adult bone marrow. The presence of these two classes of antigens on adult splenic stem cells was in general similar to that observed on adult bone marrow. Antigens defined by the first group of monoclonal antibodies were present in similar amounts on CBA, C57B1/6, and Balb/c bone marrow stem cells, whereas antigens of the second group showed mouse strain variations. Quantitative absorption analysis was used to distinguish H-2Kk (11-4.1) from 9F6, which showed a similar developmental profile. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing subpopulations of stem cells were shown to be distinct by complementation studies and recognized antigens not present on brain tissue.