gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dipolar and chain-linking effects on the rheology of grafted chains in a nanopore under shear at different grafting densities (2001)

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the rheological properties of coplanar nanopore systems of amphiphilic chain molecules with the tails grafted to the walls of the nanopore and with the head-group ends immersed in a solvent inside the nanopore. In particular, the effects of modifying the interaction between the amphiphilic head-groups by repulsive dipolar interactions or directly covalently linking pairs of chains at the head-groups have been studied. Different grafting densities are considered. The chains are modeled by a harmonic bead-spring model, and all particles interact through the repulsive part of a shifted Lennard-Jones potential. Head-group linking is also governed by a bead-spring potential. A harmonic potential models the lattice vibrations of the atomic boundaries. The rheological properties are studied by a shearing process in which the heat generated is conducted away from the system through the walls by applying a Nosé-Hoover thermostat. Computed geometric parameters such as average chain length and average tilt angle indicate reduction in chain flexibility at large dipole moments. Dipolar repulsion is found to broaden the density profiles of the solvent. This effect is opposed by chain linking. For increasing head-group repulsion, the amphiphile-solvent interfaces become less diffusive that leads to systematic variations in viscosities with increasing dipole moments. Friction forces become stronger at large grafting density and for larger dipole moments. The changes in rheological properties for fixed grafting density are essentially governed by the change in the response of the normal pressure to the applied shear field. The velocity gradients depend strongly on the degree of grafting density but appear to be less sensitive to the strength of the interactions between the head groups.
Type synthesis of 90°/180° dual-function upenders for large shell units of nuclear reactor (2020)

In this paper, unit vectors collinear with the axes of large shell units of nuclear reactors were used to represent the poses of the workpieces. Based on the motion operator interpretation of the rotation matrix, 60 kinds of rotation matrix permutations with 90° turns as the step length to achieve 180° flipping of the workpiece were obtained. After eliminating invalid permutations and merging homogenous permutations, class I, II, and III flipping motion models were obtained. By calculating the Lie algebra of each step of rigid body motion in the flipping motion model, the twist and the motion pair property for each step were obtained. By means of the permutation and combination theory, the sequence of the motion pairs for different configurations was determined, and the rules between sequential transformations and axis changes of the motion pairs under the initial configuration were stipulated. Three classes of 19 initial configurations of 90°/180° dual-function upenders were constructed. For three of them, taking into account the characteristics of the axial dimension variation of workpieces, prismatic pairs were added along the workpiece’s axis (vector), and 15 overall configurations of 90°/180° dual-function upenders were synthesized. This provides the basic theoretical support for the innovative design of upenders with independent intellectual property rights.
Compensation forD-Glutamate Auxotrophy ofEscherichia coliWM335 byD-Amino Acid Aminotransferase Gene and Regulation ofmurIExpression (1998)

D-glutamate, an indispensable component of peptidoglycans of bacteria, is provided by glutamate racemase in E. coli cells. Compensation for D-glutamate auxotrophy of E. coli WM335 cells lacking the glutamate racemase gene, murI, with the D-amino acid aminotransferase gene suggests that presence of a threshold concentration for the D-glutamate required by E. coli cells, as well as a regulation system for murI expression.
Dynamic studies of the tensile deformation and fracture of pearlite using high-resolution 200-KV sem (1978)

Dynamic studies of the tensile deformation and fracture of pearlite using high-resolution 200-KV sem
Plant-Derived Biomolecules and Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Liver and Kidney Diseases (2016)

Chronic liver and kidney diseases are among the most fearful pathologies affecting an increasing number of people, having severe consequences on life quality. Although much progress has been made in recent years, availability of cost-effective and innovative therapies is still an unmet medical need. One of the major challenges in the therapy of liver and kidney diseases is to selectively deliver drugs to achieve therapeutically relevant concentration in the target organ, in order to decrease the amount of drug needed and to reduce unwanted side effects. In this review we summarize recent advances in selective drug targeting to liver or to kidney including cell-selective therapeutic approaches as well. We pay special attention to plant-derived bioactive molecules which constitute promising tools for the treatment of chronic liver and kidney diseases. We discuss cellular, subcellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the observed pharmacological effects of plant-derived drugs and give an overview of formulations, which can increase therapeutic effectiveness of these biomolecules in the treatment of chronic liver and kidney disorders.
Neurophysiological changes in the central and peripheral nervous system of streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1999)

Diabetes mellitus can affect both the peripheral and the central nervous system. However, central deficits are documented less well than peripheral deficits. We therefore compared the course of development of neurophysiological changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Sciatic nerve conduction velocities and auditory and visual evoked potentials were measured prior to diabetes induction, and then monthly after diabetes induction for 6 months. In addition, the effect of insulin treatment was examined. Treatment was initiated after a diabetes duration of 6 months and was continued for 3 months. During treatment, evoked potentials and nerve conduction were measured monthly. In a third experiment, conduction velocities in ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord were examined after 3 and 6 months of diabetes. Impairments of sciatic nerve conduction velocities developed fully during the first 2-3 months of diabetes. In contrast, increased latencies of auditory and visual evoked potentials developed only after 3-4 months of diabetes, and progressed gradually thereafter. Insulin treatment, initiated 6 months after induction of diabetes, improved both nerve conduction velocities and evoked potential latencies. Conduction velocities in the spinal cord tended to be reduced after 3 months of diabetes and were significantly reduced after 6 months of diabetes. The present study demonstrates that in streptozotocin-diabetic rats the course of development of peripheral and central neurophysiological changes differs. Peripheral impairments develop within weeks after diabetes induction, whereas central impairments take months to develop. Insulin can reverse both peripheral and central neurophysiological alterations.
Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of water, vapour, ice, seawater and air – Part 2: The library routines (2010)

Abstract. The SCOR/IAPSO1 Working Group 127 on Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater has prepared recommendations for new methods and algorithms for numerical estimation of the thermophysical properties of seawater. As an outcome of this work, a new International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater (TEOS-10) was endorsed by IOC/UNESCO2 in June 2009 as the official replacement and extension of the 1980 International Equation of State, EOS-80. As part of this new standard a source code package has been prepared that is now made freely available to users via the World Wide Web. This package includes two libraries referred to as the SIA (Sea-Ice-Air) library and the GSW (Gibbs SeaWater) library. Information on the GSW library may be found on the TEOS-10 web site (http://www.TEOS-10.org). This publication provides an introduction to the SIA library which contains routines to calculate various thermodynamic properties as discussed in the companion paper. The SIA library is very comprehensive, including routines to deal with fluid water, ice, seawater and humid air as well as equilibrium states involving various combinations of these, with equivalent code developed in different languages. The code is hierachically structured in modules that support (i) almost unlimited extension with respect to additional properties or relations, (ii) an extraction of self-contained sub-libraries, (iii) separate updating of the empirical thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) code verification on different platforms and between different languages. Error trapping is implemented to identify when one or more of the primary routines are accessed significantly beyond their established range of validity. The initial version of the SIA library is available in Visual Basic and FORTRAN as a supplement to this publication and updates will be maintained on the TEOS-10 web site. 1 SCOR/IAPSO: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research/International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans 2 IOC/UNESCO: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Botanical Extracts Used in the Treatment of Cellulite (2005)

The reduction in fat deposits through the continuous use of anticellulite products depends on the availability of the active ingredient at the action site, the concentration of the ingredient in the formulation, and the physiochemical characteristics particular to each active ingredient. The botanicals used in topical products must have standardized extracts, which would permit each phytomedicine to have the same effect anywhere in the world. New scientific research is necessary to verify the efficacy and ideal concentrations of such substances.
Feedback control of soliton self-frequency shift and nonlinear loss in optical fibers (2003)

We use adaptive feedback to control the amount of soliton Raman self-frequency shift in 100 meters of optical fiber. Phase-only pulse shaping at 1.55 /spl mu/m with a deformable mirror is used at the input.
Compositional Change of Sputtered YBa2Cu3Oy Films with Substrate Location (1990)

The deposition process of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O y thin films in rf magnetron sputtering was analyzed. Compositional change of sputtered films was observed as a function of distance from substrate to target and sputtering gas pressure. The composition of the films was changed by plasma damage and the oxygen affinity of component elements. The deviation of the film composition was significantly large near the target fringe, and was mainly caused by plasma damage. The optimum choices of target composition, substrate position and gas pressure resulted in reproducibly as-deposited high T c films of stoichiometric composition.
P53 mutations in lymphomas: position matters (2008)

The p53 protein integrates the combination of mutations that cause a cancer with the set of environmental stresses that act on that cancer. Mutations in the p53 gene can therefore have dramatic impacts on the overall survival of cancer patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereocontrol Elements in Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Insertion of α‐Diazo‐α‐(phenylsulfonyl)acetamides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advances in Hurricane Engineering (2012)

This collection contains 106 papers presented at the ATC & SEI Conference on Advances in Hurricane Engineering, held in Miami, Florida, October 24-26, 2012. When Hurricane Andrew wreaked havoc on South Florida and Louisiana 20 years ago, the engineering community learned a great deal about how powerful storms affect the built environment. These papers demonstrate the application of lessons learned to reduce losses from subsequent hurricanes and to make communities more resilient to natural hazards.
Spray drift mitigation using opposing synchronized air‐blast sprayers (2020)

The Air-in technique shows great promise in reducing pesticide drift while maintaining or improving pesticide coverage with minimal cost to the grower.
Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Is Conserved among Diverse Hospital Respiratory Isolates Collected from a Global Surveillance Study and Is Neutralized by Monoclonal Antibody MEDI4893 (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus infections lead to an array of illnesses ranging from mild skin infections to serious diseases, such endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and pneumonia. Alpha-toxin (Hla) is a pore-forming toxin, encoded by the hla gene, that is thought to play a key role in S. aureus pathogenesis. A monoclonal antibody targeting Hla, MEDI4893, is in clinical development for the prevention of S. aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The presence of the hla gene and Hla protein in 994 respiratory isolates collected from patients in 34 countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and Australia was determined. Hla levels were correlated with the geographic location, age of the subject, and length of stay in the hospital. hla gene sequence analysis was performed, and mutations were mapped to the Hla crystal structure. S. aureus supernatants containing Hla variants were tested for susceptibility or resistance to MEDI4893. The hla gene was present and Hla was expressed in 99.0% and 83.2% of the isolates, respectively, regardless of geographic region, hospital locale, or age of the subject. More methicillin-susceptible than methicillin-resistant isolates expressed Hla (86.9% versus 78.8%; P = 0.0007), and S. aureus isolates from pediatric patients expressed the largest amounts of Hla. Fifty-seven different Hla subtypes were identified, and 91% of the isolates encoded an Hla subtype that was neutralized by MED4893. This study demonstrates that Hla is conserved in diverse S. aureus isolates from around the world and is an attractive target for prophylactic monoclonal antibody (MAb) or vaccine development.
CHOICE, RESPONSIBILITY AND WORK: RHETORIC IN A UNIVERSITY LIBRARY REORGANIZATION (2005)

Fernandez knew, as did Kenneth Burke to whom Fernandez owed so much, that the fundamental human problem of maintaining what he elsewhere called the “inchoate sense of wholeness” was critically linked to the never-ending dilemma of “the degree to which men can feel the aptness of each other’s metaphors.” And since the publication of “Persuasions and Performances” nearly 30 years ago, a great deal of anthropological, sociological and historical work on “power and resistance,” “hegemony,” and “cultural reproduction and change” can be usefully framed as particular responses to a number of fundamental questions implicit in Fernandez’ quote – When, and under what types of conditions, does any particular “metaphor” or “trope” serve to promote cooperation and social integration? When, and under what types of conditions, does it serve to promote conflict and social disintegration? When and how is the “aptness” of any given “metaphor” or “trope” lost? We believe these to be among the most central, enduring questions in the Human Sciences.
Cross-Lingual Text Classification with Minimal Resources by Transferring\n a Sparse Teacher (2020)

Cross-lingual text classification alleviates the need for manually labeled\ndocuments in a target language by leveraging labeled documents from other\nlanguages. Existing approaches for transferring supervision across languages\nrequire expensive cross-lingual resources, such as parallel corpora, while less\nexpensive cross-lingual representation learning approaches train classifiers\nwithout target labeled documents. In this work, we propose a cross-lingual\nteacher-student method, CLTS, that generates "weak" supervision in the target\nlanguage using minimal cross-lingual resources, in the form of a small number\nof word translations. Given a limited translation budget, CLTS extracts and\ntransfers only the most important task-specific seed words across languages and\ninitializes a teacher classifier based on the translated seed words. Then, CLTS\niteratively trains a more powerful student that also exploits the context of\nthe seed words in unlabeled target documents and outperforms the teacher. CLTS\nis simple and surprisingly effective in 18 diverse languages: by transferring\njust 20 seed words, even a bag-of-words logistic regression student outperforms\nstate-of-the-art cross-lingual methods (e.g., based on multilingual BERT).\nMoreover, CLTS can accommodate any type of student classifier: leveraging a\nmonolingual BERT student leads to further improvements and outperforms even\nmore expensive approaches by up to 12% in accuracy. Finally, CLTS addresses\nemerging tasks in low-resource languages using just a small number of word\ntranslations.\n
Polymerization Phenomena in the Vulcanization Process (1954)

Abstract According to theories developed by the authors, vulcanization consists essentially in the formation of local chemical van der Waals bonds (polarization, orientation bonds) and hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains of rubber. These bonds are formed as a result of the chemical reaction of the rubber with the vulcanizing agent, oxygen, and accelerators, and with other components of the vulcanizing system which contain functional groups. The essential type of chemical bonds consists of atomic groups of the vulcanizing agent (in the case of sulfur vulcanizates, “bridge” sulfur). Hypotheses were advanced concerning the course during vulcanization of the polymerization processes, initiated by the free radicals which are formed by the vulcanizing agent, and leading to the formation of —C — C—bonds between the molecular chains of the rubber. However, no proof of the existence of such processes has been obtained ; furthermore, certain data, for example, data obtained by spectral analysis, contradict such an assumption. The present paper is devoted to a description of experiments which show the existence of polymerization processes involving free radicals in vulcanized systems which contain accelerators of the disulfide and sulfenamide type.
Corrections -Biochemistry of Dinoflagellate Bioluminescence: Purification and Characterization of Dinoflagellate Luciferin from Pyrocystis Iunula (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrections -Biochemistry of Dinoflagellate Bioluminescence: Purification and Characterization of Dinoflagellate Luciferin from Pyrocystis IunulaJay Dunlap and J. HastingsCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 17, 5094Publication Date (Print):August 18, 1981Publication History Published online13 November 2003Published inissue 18 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00520a606https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00520a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Analytical Method to Guide mm-Sized Ultrasonic Transducer Design by Demarcating Regimes of Beam-Spreading and Attenuation (2021)

In this paper, we present a novel approach that aids in the sizing of micron to mm-sized ultrasonic transducers for enhanced resolution and denser integration. This seeks to optimize penetration-depth which is an important metric of a transducer’s efficacy in different acoustic media. It is generally accepted that in conventional transducers used in clinical imaging, penetration depth is greater for lower driving frequencies which suffer lessened attenuation. However, in acoustic characterization studies, the drops in axial pressure by beam-spreading and attenuation haven’t been individually quantified and their relative effects are poorly understood. We, therefore, undertake a closer investigation of factors that shape the axial pressure profile of a generalized transducer element in a weakly attenuating medium like water and in a highly attenuating medium like tissue. We have found that it is critical to quantify the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">relative</i> contributions of beam-spreading and attenuation in a medium. We introduce a new parameter called ‘transition distance’ ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{\textit {Trans}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) to graphically demarcate the regimes in beam-spreading and attenuation dominate to explain how a low frequency (2 MHz) or a high frequency (5 MHz) gives greater penetration depth in different media.
FPnew: An Open-Source Multiformat Floating-Point Unit Architecture for Energy-Proportional Transprecision Computing (2020)

The slowdown of Moore's law and the power wall necessitates a shift toward finely tunable precision (a.k.a. transprecision) computing to reduce energy footprint. Hence, we need circuits capable of performing floating-point operations on a wide range of precisions with high energy proportionality. We present FPnew, a highly configurable open-source transprecision floating-point unit (TP-FPU), capable of supporting a wide range of standard and custom FP formats. To demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency of FPnew in general-purpose processor architectures, we extend the RISC-V ISA with operations on half-precision, bfloat16, and an 8-bit FP format, as well as SIMD vectors and multiformat operations. Integrated into a 32-bit RISC-V core, our TP-FPU can speedup the execution of mixed-precision applications by 1.67× with respect to an FP32 baseline, while maintaining end-to-end precision and reducing system energy by 37%. We also integrate FPnew into a 64-bit RISC-V core, supporting five FP formats on scalars or 2, 4, or 8-way SIMD vectors. For this core, we measured the silicon manufactured in Globalfoundries 22FDX technology across a wide voltage range from 0.45 to 1.2 V. The unit achieves leading-edge measured energy efficiencies between 178 Gflop/sW (on FP64) and 2.95 Tflop/sW (on 8-bit mini-floats), and a performance between 3.2 and 25.3 Gflop/s.
Associations of childhood adiposity with adult intima–media thickness and inflammation: a 20-year longitudinal population-based cohort (2022)

In a population-based cohort followed for 20 years, higher BMI or waist-to-height ratio in childhood was significantly associated with greater cIMT and enhanced levels of proteins reflective of inflammation, supporting the importance of inflammation as progressive atherosclerosis in childhood adiposity.