gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Resolved Measurements of pH in Aqueous Magnesium‐Air Batteries during Discharge and Its Impact for Future Applications (2021)

Abstract In aqueous magnesium air batteries, the influence of the electrochemical behavior on pH of the electrolyte has not been investigated yet, which has a critical effect on the cell performance. We have monitored the evolution of the pH at various discharge current densities in situ in the Mg‐air primary cells, which produce sparingly soluble magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ). These experiments show the temporal evolution of the pH of the electrolyte in the cell discharge, depending on the current density. The pH first increases rapidly to a maximum of pH 11 and then drops down slowly to the equilibrium at pH 10.7. At the peak pH oversaturation of Mg(OH) 2 is paramount, leading to the precipitation which balances the Mg(OH) 2 concentration in the electrolyte. This precipitation process coats both cathode and anode which leads to a decrease in cell efficiency and voltage. The results show that the cell design of Mg‐air batteries is important for their lifetime and cell performance. The performance of the aqueous magnesium cell is increased several folds when the design is changed to a simple electrolyte flow cell.
Autocrine interaction between IL-5 and IL-1β mediates altered responsiveness of atopic asthmatic sensitized airway smooth muscle (1999)

T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary inflammatory response and altered bronchial responsiveness in allergic asthma. To elucidate the mechanism of Th2-dependent mediation of altered airway responsiveness in the atopic asthmatic state, the expression and actions of specific cytokines were examined in isolated rabbit and human airway smooth muscle (ASM) tissues and cultured cells passively sensitized with sera from atopic asthmatic patients or nonatopic/nonasthmatic (control) subjects. Relative to control tissues, the atopic asthmatic sensitized ASM exhibited significantly enhanced maximal isometric contractility to acetylcholine and attenuated relaxation responses to isoproterenol. These proasthmatic changes in agonist responsiveness were ablated by pretreating the atopic sensitized tissues with either an IL-5 receptor blocking antibody (IL-5ra) or the human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), whereas an IL-4 neutralizing antibody had no effect. Moreover, relative to controls, atopic asthmatic sensitized ASM cells demonstrated an initial, early (after 3 hours of incubation) increased mRNA expression and protein release of IL-5. This was followed (after 6 hours of incubation) by an enhanced mRNA expression and release of IL-1beta protein, an effect that was inhibited in sensitized cells pretreated with IL-5ra. Extended studies demonstrated that naive ASM exposed to exogenously administered IL-5 exhibited an induced upregulated mRNA expression and protein release of IL-1beta associated with proasthmatic-like changes in ASM constrictor and relaxant responsiveness, and that these effects were ablated in tissues pretreated with IL-1ra. Taken together, these observations provide new evidence that (a) the Th2 cytokine IL-5 and the pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta are endogenously released by atopic asthmatic sensitized ASM and mechanistically interact to mediate the proasthmatic perturbations in ASM responsiveness; and (b) the nature of this interaction is given by an initial endogenous release of IL-5, which then acts to induce the autologous release of IL-1beta by the sensitized ASM itself, resulting in its autocrine manifestation of the proasthmatic phenotype.
Reversible conduction block produced by lipid-insoluble quaternary ammonium ions in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-treated nerves (1959)

Frog sciatic nerves were excised and treated in a Ringer's solution containing the surface-active agent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMB). Such CTMB-treated nerves were compared to normal, untreated nerves with respect to their susceptibility to conduction block produced by six lipid-insoluble quaternary ammonium ions; the CTMB-treated nerves were rendered especially susceptible to rapid, reversible conduction block. A possible mechanism of CTMB action is proposed, involving chemo-dissection of permeability barriers which normally surround the individual axons. The findings that acetylcholine, curare, etc. can produce reversible, axonal conduction block in CTMB-treated nerves are not inconsistent with a theory of cholinergic impulse conduction.
Face detection and tracking in video using dynamic programming (2002)

Face detection and tracking are important in video content analysis since the most important objects in most video are human beings. This paper proposes a new approach for combined face detection and tracking in video. The face detection algorithm is a fast template matching procedure using iterative dynamic programming (DP). Although the face detection algorithm is designed for frontal face, the same mechanism can also be applied to track non-frontal faces with online adapted face models. Due to the essence of template matching, the algorithm is capable of comparing the similarity among different faces, which makes it suitable for tracking the same face that occur at disjointed temporal locations in video. While the proposed face detection method provides comparable accuracy as the neural network based approach, it is much faster.
Fingering Instabilities in Dewetting Nanofluids (2008)

The growth of fingering patterns in dewetting nanofluids (colloidal solutions of thiol-passivated gold nanoparticles) has been followed in real time using contrast-enhanced video microscopy. The fingering instability on which we focus here arises from evaporatively driven nucleation and growth in a nanoscopically thin precursor solvent film behind the macroscopic contact line. We find that well-developed isotropic fingering structures only form for a narrow range of experimental parameters. Numerical simulations, based on a modification of the Monte Carlo approach introduced by Rabani et al. [Nature (London) 426, 271 (2003)], reproduce the patterns we observe experimentally.
Heat Capacity Changes Associated with DNA Duplex Formation:  Salt- and Sequence-Dependent Effects (2005)

Duplexes are the most fundamental elements of nucleic acid folding. Although it has become increasingly clear that duplex formation can be associated with a significant change in heat capacity (deltaC(p)), this parameter is typically overlooked in thermodynamic studies of nucleic acid folding. Analogy to protein folding suggests that base stacking events coupled to duplex formation should give rise to a deltaC(p) due to the release of waters solvating aromatic surfaces of nucleotide bases. In previous work, we showed that the deltaC(p) observed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for RNA duplex formation depended on salt and sequence [Takach, J. C., Mikulecky, P. J., and Feig, A. L. (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 6530-6531]. In the present work, we apply calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques to a series of designed DNA duplexes to demonstrate that both the salt dependence and sequence dependence of deltaC(p)s observed by ITC reflect perturbations to the same fundamental phenomenon: stacking in the single-stranded state. By measuring the thermodynamics of single strand melting, one can accurately predict the deltaC(p)s observed for duplex formation by ITC at high and low ionic strength. We discuss our results in light of the larger issue of contributions to deltaC(p) from coupled equilibria and conclude that observed deltaC(p)s can be useful indicators of intermediate states in nucleic acid folding phenomena.
SNLOS: Non-line-of-sight Scanning through Temporal Focusing (2019)

Over the last decade, several techniques have been developed for looking around the corner by exploiting the round-trip travel time of photons. Typically, these techniques necessitate the collection of a large number of measurements with varying virtual source and virtual detector locations. This data is then processed by a reconstruction algorithm to estimate the hidden scene. As a consequence, even when the region of interest in the hidden volume is small and limited, the acquisition time needed is large as the entire dataset has to be acquired and then processed.In this paper, we present the first example of scanning based non-line-of-sight imaging technique. The key idea is that if the virtual sources (pulsed sources) on the wall are delayed using a quadratic delay profile (much like the quadratic phase of a focusing lens), then these pulses arrive at the same instant at a single point in the hidden volume – the point being scanned. On the imaging side, applying quadratic delays to the virtual detectors before integration on a single gated detector allows us to ‘focus’ and scan each point in the hidden volume. By changing the quadratic delay profiles, we can focus light at different points in the hidden volume. This provides the first example of scanning based non-line-of-sight imaging, allowing us to focus our measurements only in the region of interest. We derive the theoretical underpinnings of ‘temporal focusing’, show compelling simulations of performance analysis, build a hardware prototype system and demonstrate real results.
Process automation in software application development (1993)

Over the years, the field of application development (AD) has evolved from that of an art form to being more of a science, hence the emergence of concepts such as information engineering. In engineering and scientific fields, the value of process definition and management has long been known. This paper discusses the requirements for managing the AD process and establishes the need for automated assistance for these management activities. Considerations for an automated system to manage the process are presented, and the benefits to be realized by such an implementation are then discussed.
Chapter 21 – Vaccination to Treat Noninfectious Diseases: Surveying the Opportunities (2017)

Vaccination for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases has been the most successful medical intervention from a public health perspective. The application of vaccination for treating noninfectious diseases is becoming more common, and there are many recent examples of applying vaccine technology to a diverse range of noninfectious diseases. In this chapter we attempt to separate the immunological requirements for the treatment of different classes of noninfectious diseases to show the underlying immunological mechanisms that have to be considered in the design of appropriate vaccines. Broadly, this encompasses treatments requiring the strong induction of immune responses, both humoral and cell mediated, or the downmodulation of an existing pathological immune response, either through immune deviation or suppression. We highlight the desired adjuvant qualities required for each approach and look at some of the potential dangers that may result from using vaccine formulations that push the immune system too far in one particular direction.
A Phase II Study of Durvalumab for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Unresponsive Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder (2023)

Durvalumab monotherapy conferred minimal efficacy in treating BCG-unresponsive CIS of the bladder, with 6-month CR of 12%. Complement activation is a potential mechanism behind treatment resistance.
THE EFFECTOF ANTENNANATCHONMICROWAVE RAOIOMETRICTHERMALPATTERNS (1983)

Microwave thermographic profiles of the breast region of healthy female volunteers were obtained using a 4.7 GHz radiometer. Apparent temperature elevations of about 0.4°C were seen in the areolar (nipple) region compared to the other areas of the breast. At least half of this apparent areolar temperature elevation may be attributed to improved antenna match at that site. The importance of antenna match in the proper evaluation of microwave thermographic studies is emphasized.
Proactive vs. Reactive DVB-RCS Terminal Using ACM Techniques (2008)

The paper studies the performance of the bandwidth request procedure for a proactive digital video broadcasting - return channel satellite (DVB- RCS) terminal in comparison with a reactive one. The proactive terminal uses an adaptive predictor to forecast the future input traffic flow along with a predictive bandwidth controller to generate bandwidth requests according to a receding horizon policy. On the other hand, the reactive terminal generates requests, at the end of each frame, depending on the current queue lengths [1] [2]. The simulated scenario involves adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) techniques and Quality of Service (QoS) management. Simulation experiments highlight the effectiveness of the proactive bandwidth control under different traffic load and channel conditions.
RIC: Rotate-Inpaint-Complete for Generalizable Scene Reconstruction (2023)

General scene reconstruction refers to the task of estimating the full 3D geometry and texture of a scene containing previously unseen objects. In many practical applications such as AR/VR, autonomous navigation, and robotics, only a single view of the scene may be available, making the scene reconstruction task challenging. In this paper, we present a method for scene reconstruction by structurally breaking the problem into two steps: rendering novel views via inpainting and 2D to 3D scene lifting. Specifically, we leverage the generalization capability of large visual language models (Dalle-2) to inpaint the missing areas of scene color images rendered from different views. Next, we lift these inpainted images to 3D by predicting normals of the inpainted image and solving for the missing depth values. By predicting for normals instead of depth directly, our method allows for robustness to changes in depth distributions and scale. With rigorous quantitative evaluation, we show that our method outperforms multiple baselines while providing generalization to novel objects and scenes.
Determination of Fat Content in Meats by Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (1985)

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the amount of fat in meats. In the NIR spectra of ground pork, beef, and chicken, five major absorption peaks due to fat were observed as common to all samples at 1208, 1726, 2306, and 2346 nm with the addition of two strong peaks due to water at 1460 and 1934 nm. A linear regression analysis was performed to correlate fat content with absorbance defined as log (1/reflectance). The most satisfactory results between the two parameters were obtained in the regression with combinations of absorbances at 1208 and 1230 nm, and 1726 and 1738 nm. These results indicate that the NIR method has high potential for determining the fat content of meat samples.
Robust optical watermarking technique by optimizing the size of pixel blocks of orthogonal transform (2011)

We previously proposed a novel technology with which the images of real objects with no copyright protection could contain invisible digital watermarking, using spatially modulated illumination. In this “optical watermarking” technology we used orthogonal transforms such as a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or a Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) to produce watermarking images, where 1-bit binary information was embedded into each pixel block. Here, we propose a new robust technique of optical watermarking that varies the size of pixel blocks by a trade-off in the efficiency of embedded watermarking. We conducted experiments where 4×4, 8x8, and 16×16 pixels were used in one block. A detection accuracy of 100% was obtained by using a block with 16×16 pixels when embedded watermarking was extremely weak, although the accuracy did not reach 100% by using blocks with 4×4 or 8×8 pixels under the same embedding conditions. The results from experiments revealed the effectiveness of our proposed technique.
Esterification of Long-Chain Acids and Alcohols Catalyzed by Ferric Chloride Hexahydrate (2008)

A variety of multivalent metal salt, many of them are hydrates, were screened as catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids and alcohols. These salts included chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, and acetates of Fe3+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, ZrO2+, HfO2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn3+, Cr3+, and Cu2+. Ferric salts, particularly, FeCl3·6H2O, were the most active among the salts screened. The esters of primary C10−C18 fatty acids and alcohols were obtained quantitatively from equimolar mixtures in the presence of FeCl3·6H2O (substrate/catalyst (S/C; mol/mol) = 200, reaction period = 6 h, in refluxing mesitylene). Esters of isostearic acid and C10–C18 fatty alcohols were obtained with large quantities and prolonged reaction periods. The esters of aromatic carboxylic acids with cetyl alcohol and bulky steroid alcohols, including cholesterol, with C8−C18 fatty acids, were obtained in high yield. The cationic cluster formed by hydrolysis of the ferric cation is proposed to be the catalytically active species. Such a catalysis is proposed to occur through the activation of the carboxylic acid by ligand exchange from water to the carboxylate moiety, followed by addition of the alcohol.
1 × 2 fiber-optic heterodyne array for laser Doppler velocimetry and angular orientation measurements (1991)

A 1 x 2 single-mode fiber-optic heterodyne array is presented that simultaneously measures the radial and angular Doppler velocities of a target. This heterodyne array also provides an amplitude-dependent error signal suitable for angular tracking.
Resolving the Puzzle of Ferrofluid Dispersants (2000)

Oleic acid and stearic acid are similar surfactants which, however, lead respectively to stability and to precipitation of ferrofluid suspensions: to understand this, the forces between layers of oleic-like surfactants and between layers of stearic-like surfactants across a hexadecane (HD) medium were measured using a surface force balance (SFB). Separate measurements reveal that only the oleic layers are solvated by HD, while the SFB results reveal that for both surfactants a marked net attraction is present between the surfaces. Simple considerations based on these observations explain why, despite this attraction, ferrofluid dispersions are stabilized by oleic but not by stearic surfactants.
Spectroscopic and structural characterization of electrochemically grown ZnO quantum dots (1999)

We report a novel method for the synthesis of stable, OH free zinc oxide quantum dots, using an electrochemical route. The optical properties of these quantum dots were studied at room temperature, by taking the optical absorption and luminescence spectra. The band gap luminescence is predominant in ZnO quantum dots synthesized by the present technique, while the green defect induced luminescence, typical of ZnO, is strongly quenched. The role of defects in photoluminescence emission is discussed.
TGFβ signaling at the summit (2005)

Ligands belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily have emerged as major regulators of a wide variety of developmental events, ranging from the earliest steps in germ layer patterning of the pre-gastrula embryo to tissue healing, regeneration and homeostasis in the adult. Recently, Caroline Hill and Bob Lechleider organized the third in a bi-annual series of FASEB meetings on TGFbeta signaling and development at Snowmass (CO, USA). This meeting highlighted the ongoing interplay between advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of TGFbeta family signaling and in investigations into its roles in specific developmental events.
Effect of Innovative Leadership on Teachers' Job Satisfaction Mediated by the Role of a Supportive Environment (2023)

This research aimed to determine the effect of innovative leadership on teachers’ job satisfaction as mediated by the role of a supportive environment. The study was guided by the following hypotheses: (1)The Supportive Environment does not significantly mediate the relationship between the extent of Innovative Leadership and the level of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction with Operating Procedures, and (2) The Supportive Environment does not significantly mediate the relationship between the extent of Innovative Leadership and the level of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction on Performance-Based Rewards. In this study, the descriptive-correlational research design was used and quantitative research was conducted. A total of 165 teacher-respondents in 11 elementary and 3 secondary schools in the District of Alaminos, Laguna. The researcher adapted and modified survey questionnaires from related studies. Research findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the extent of innovative leadership on teachers’ job satisfaction. The correlation between innovative leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction with operating procedures and performance-based rewards was found to have manifested a strong significant relationship. Moreover, findings also suggest that a supportive environment partially mediates the relationship between the extent of innovative leadership and the level of teachers’ job satisfaction. This study provides useful findings which have implications for school leaders and future researchers.
Aspiration thrombectomy versus stent retriever thrombectomy alone for acute ischemic stroke: evaluating the overlapping meta-analyses (2022)

Present evidence is insufficient to clarify the superiority of one modality over the other. Further RCTs on this comparison must be conducted prior to designing further meta-analyses or making conclusive interpretations. Procedure duration and cost should be taken into consideration for any future studies.
Local curvature scale: a new concept of shape description (2008)

A new boundary shape description based on the notion of curvature-scale is presented. This shape descriptor performs better than the commonly used Rosenfeld's method of curvature estimation and can be applied directly to digital boundaries without requiring prior approximations. It can extract special points of interest such as convex and concave corners, straight lines, circular segments, and inflection points. The results show that this method produces a complete boundary shape description capable of handling different levels of shape detail. It also has numerous potential applications such as automatic landmark tagging which becomes necessary to build model-based approaches toward the goal of organ modelling and segmentation.
Supplementary Data from Rebalancing Protein Homeostasis Enhances Tumor Antigen Presentation (2023)

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A Brain-Penetrant Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Inhibitor Reverses α-Synuclein Toxicity (2022)

Increasing evidence has shown that Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs midbrain dopaminergic, cortical and other neuronal subtypes in large part due to the build-up of lipid- and vesicle-rich α-synuclein (αSyn) cytotoxic inclusions. We previously identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) as a potential therapeutic target for synucleinopathies. A brain-penetrant SCD inhibitor, YTX-7739, was developed and has entered Phase 1 clinical trials. Here, we report the efficacy of YTX-7739 in reversing pathological αSyn phenotypes in various in vitro and in vivo PD models. In cell-based assays, YTX-7739 decreased αSyn-mediated neuronal death, reversed the abnormal membrane interaction of amplified E46K ("3K") αSyn, and prevented pathological phenotypes in A53T and αSyn triplication patient-derived neurospheres, including dysregulated fatty acid profiles and pS129 αSyn accumulation. In 3K PD-like mice, YTX-7739 crossed the blood-brain barrier, decreased unsaturated fatty acids, and prevented progressive motor deficits. Both YTX-7739 treatment and decreasing SCD activity through deletion of one copy of the SCD1 gene (SKO) restored the physiological αSyn tetramer-to-monomer ratio, dopaminergic integrity, and neuronal survival in 3K αSyn mice. YTX-7739 efficiently reduced pS129 + and PK-resistant αSyn in both human wild-type αSyn and 3K mutant mice similar to the level of 3K-SKO. Together, these data provide further validation of SCD as a PD therapeutic target and YTX-7739 as a clinical candidate for treating human α-synucleinopathies.