gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Functional Analysis Identifies Damaging <i>CHEK2</i> Missense Variants Associated with Increased Cancer Risk (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Heterozygous carriers of germline loss-of-function variants in the tumor suppressor gene checkpoint kinase 2 (&lt;i&gt;CHEK2)&lt;/i&gt; are at an increased risk for developing breast and other cancers. While truncating variants in &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; are known to be pathogenic, the interpretation of missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS) is challenging. Consequently, many VUS remain unclassified both functionally and clinically. Here we describe a mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell–based system to quantitatively determine the functional impact of 50 missense VUS in human &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt;. By assessing the activity of human CHK2 to phosphorylate one of its main targets, Kap1, in &lt;i&gt;Chek2&lt;/i&gt; knockout mES cells, 31 missense VUS in &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; were found to impair protein function to a similar extent as truncating variants, while 9 &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; missense VUS resulted in intermediate functional defects. Mechanistically, most VUS impaired CHK2 kinase function by causing protein instability or by impairing activation through (auto)phosphorylation. Quantitative results showed that the degree of CHK2 kinase dysfunction correlates with an increased risk for breast cancer. Both damaging &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; variants as a group [OR 2.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–3.07; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001] and intermediate variants (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21–2.20; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0014) were associated with an increased breast cancer risk, while functional variants did not show this association (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 0.87–1.46; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.378). Finally, a damaging VUS in &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt;, c.486A&gt;G/p.D162G, was also identified, which cosegregated with familial prostate cancer. Altogether, these functional assays efficiently and reliably identified VUS in &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; that associate with cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Quantitative assessment of the functional consequences of &lt;i&gt;CHEK2&lt;/i&gt; variants of uncertain significance identifies damaging variants associated with increased cancer risk, which may aid in the clinical management of patients and carriers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Energy harvesting from small unmmaned air vehicles (2008)

Small, unmanned air vehicles (UAV) are used for reconnaissance by the military. Many of these are all electric with batteries as the primary source of energy. This talk explores the idea of extending the battery life (or flight time) of an electric radio controlled plane by using several harvesting concepts combined into one aircraft. Piezoceramic based harvesting using fiber based piezoceramic composites are in integrated into the wings. A cantilever type actuator is integrated into the fuselage and solar panels are integrated into the upper surfaces. Experimental flight information combined with theoretical analysis concerning the optimal integration of material will be presented.
Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Lineage after Vaccination in Long-Term Care Facility, Germany, February–March 2021 (2021)

One week after second vaccinations were administered, an outbreak of B.1.1.7 lineage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections occurred in a long-term care facility in Berlin, Germany, affecting 16/20 vaccinated and 4/4 unvaccinated residents. Despite considerable viral loads, vaccinated residents experienced mild symptoms and faster time to negative test results.
Genetic factors in the development of atheroma and on serum total cholesterol levels in inbred mice and their hybrids. (1977)

There is a consistent genetic relationship between the development of atheromata in the aortic sinus wall and serum total cholesterol levels using inbred strains of male mice. This relationship is dependent on a multifactorial (polygenic) type of inheritance that is more complicated than the simple additive-dominance model. There is no special maternal or paternal influence on serum total cholesterol levels or on the development of atheromata.
Composition and spectral studies of polyaniline salts (1994)

Abstract Five different polyaniline salts have been prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution of different acids. The polyaniline base was obtained from the corresponding polyaniline salt by dedoping using aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution. Electron paramagnetic, electronic absorption, infrared spectral and conductivity measurements have been performed on the polyaniline salts and polyaniline bases. This composition and the extent of dopant in polyaniline salt systems have been determined. There is no definite correlation between the conductivity and the stoichiometric ratio between the polyaniline base and the acid, and also the spin concentration.
Nachweis chemischer Kampfstoffe anhand des Abbauprodukts Methylphosphonsäure (1999)

Methylphosphonsäure (MPA) ist das Abbauprodukt vieler chemischer Kampfstoffe. Ihr einfacher Nachweis wäre bei Geländeuntersuchungen hilfreich, um die illegale Herstellung und den Einsatz verbotener chemischer Waffen nachzuweisen. MPA ließ sich effektiv mit einer aromatischen Diazoverbindung funktionalisieren, und das dabei erhaltene Derivat wurde von monoklonalen Antikörpern gebunden, die mit Hilfe eines analogen Haptens erzeugt worden waren (siehe Schema). Die Messung mittels ELISA war schnell, empfindlich und spezifisch.
Effects of n − 3 and n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of fish cells in culture (1990)

Conference Article| October 01 1990 Effects of n − 3 and n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of fish cells in culture DOUGLAS R. TOCHER; DOUGLAS R. TOCHER 1N.E.R.C. Unit of Aquatic Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JAMES R. DICK JAMES R. DICK 1N.E.R.C. Unit of Aquatic Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (5): 915–916. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180915 Article history Received: February 12 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DOUGLAS R. TOCHER, JAMES R. DICK; Effects of n − 3 and n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of fish cells in culture. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1990; 18 (5): 915–916. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180915 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: FCS, fetal calf serum, PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acid, AS, Atlantic salmon, TF, turbot, BSA, bovine serum albumin, EFA, essential fatty acid, EMEM, Eagle's minimal essential medium This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Breaking bad IMRT QA practice (2015)

Agreement between planned and delivered dose distributions for patient-specific quality assurance in routine clinical practice is predominantly assessed utilizing the gamma index method. Several reports, however, fundamentally question current IMRT QA practice due to poor sensitivity and specificity of the standard gamma index implementation. An alternative is to employ dose volume histogram (DVH)-based metrics. An analysis based on the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 recommendations for QA of treatment planning systems reveals deficiencies in the current "state of the art" IMRT QA, no matter which metric is selected. The set of IMRT benchmark plans were planned, delivered, and analyzed by following guidance of the AAPM TG 119 report. The recommended point dose and planar dose measurements were obtained using a PinPoint ionization chamber, EDR2 radiographic film, and a 2D ionization chamber array. Gamma index criteria {3% (global), 3 mm} and {3% (local), 3 mm} were used to assess the agreement between calculated and delivered planar dose distributions. Next, the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 recommendations were followed by dividing dose distributions into four distinct regions: the high-dose (HD) or umbra region, the high-gradient (HG) or penumbra region, the medium-dose (MD) region, and the low-dose (LD) region. A different gamma passing criteria was defined for each region, i.e., a "divide and conquer" (D&amp;C) gamma method was utilized. The D&amp;C gamma analysis was subsequently tested on 50 datasets of previously treated patients. Measured point dose and planar dose distributions compared favorably with TG 119 benchmark data. For all complex tests, the percentage of points passing the conventional {3% (global), 3 mm} gamma criteria was 97.2% ± 3.2% and 95.7% ± 1.2% for film and 2D ionization chamber array, respectively. By dividing 2D ionization chamber array dose measurements into regions and applying 3mm isodose point distance and variable local point dose difference criteria of 7%, 15%, 25%, and 40% for HD, HG, MD, and LD regions, respectively, a 93.4% ± 2.3% gamma passing rate was obtained. Identical criteria applied using the D&amp;C gamma technique on 50 clinical treatment plans resulted in a 97.9% ± 2.3% gamma passing score. Based on the TG 119 standard, meeting or exceeding the benchmark results would indicate an exemplary IMRT QA program. In contrast to TG 119 analysis, a different scrutiny on the same set of data, which follows the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 guidelines, reveals a much poorer agreement between calculated and measured dose distributions with large local point dose differences within different dose regions. This observation may challenge the conventional wisdom that an IMRT QA program is producing acceptable results.
Determination of Ethanol in Blood Samples Using Partial Least Square Regression Applied to Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2018)

Alcohol consumption triggers toxic effect to organs and tissues in the human body. The risks are essentially thought to be related to ethanol content in alcoholic beverages. The identification of ethanol in blood samples requires rapid, minimal sample handling, and non-destructive analysis, such as Raman Spectroscopy. This study aims to apply Raman Spectroscopy for identification of ethanol in blood samples. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized to obtain Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) spectra of blood samples. The SERS spectra were used for Partial Least Square (PLS) for determining ethanol quantitatively. To apply PLS method, 920~820 cm -1 band interval was chosen and the spectral changes of the observed concentrations statistically associated with each other. The blood samples were examined according to this model and the quantity of ethanol was determined as that: first a calibration method was established. A strong relationship was observed between known concentration values and the values obtained by PLS method (R 2 = 1). Second instead of then, quantities of ethanol in 40 blood samples were predicted according to the calibration method. Quantitative analysis of the ethanol in the blood was done by analyzing the data obtained by Raman spectroscopy and the PLS method.
Large-Scale Syntheses of FMOC-Protected Non-Proteogenic Amino Acids:  Useful Building Blocks for Combinatorial Libraries (2001)

Convenient and reliable large-scale procedures for the protection of various amino acids with N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)oxysuccinimide (FMOC-OSu) are described. Commercially available 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid and trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid were converted into their corresponding FMOC-derivatives in excellent yields without the need for an extractive workup. In addition, FMOC-cis-β-amino acids were also prepared, employing a [2 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy between a cyclic olefin and N-chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI). The resulting N-chlorosulfonyl β-lactams were reduced to the parent β-lactams with sodium sulfite and then converted to the cis-β-amino acid hydrochlorides by exposure to aqueous hydrochloric acid. The resulting cis-β-amino acids were converted to their FMOC-derivatives under conditions similar to those developed for the commercially available amino acids. Differences in the conditions employed between these β-amino acids and the commercial derivatives were observed, primarily in the nature of the base required for the reaction. A possible rationale for the differences in behavior is described. These FMOC-amino acid derivatives are valuable intermediates for the solid-phase synthesis of combinatorial libraries.
Effect of Mixtures of Basamid and Metham Sodium on Production of MITC in Douglas-Fir and Southern Pine (1997)

The ability of mixtures of Basamid and metham sodium to produce methylisothiocyanate (MITC) in small blocks and sawdust of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii and southern pine (Pious spp.) was studied under varying moisture and temperature regimes. Mixtures of the two fumigants appeared to produce higher levels of MITC in small blocks than did the fumigants alone. Subsequent sawdust trials produced more variable results. MITC levels were similar for both wood species, and increased dramatically with increases in wood moisture content. Slight improvements in MITC levels were also noted with temperature increases. Addition of copper sulfate to the Basamid/metham sodium mixture resulted in increased MITC production early in the tests, but this effect diminished with time. The results suggest that mixtures of Basamid, metham sodium and copper sulfate could be used to provide a safer remedial treatment with the potential for both rapid initial and longterm control of fungal infestations.
Multi-Resolution 3D Mapping With Explicit Free Space Representation for Fast and Accurate Mobile Robot Motion Planning (2021)

With the aim of bridging the gap between high quality reconstruction and robot motion planning, we propose an efficient system that leverages the concept of adaptive-resolution volumetric mapping, which naturally integrates with the hierarchical decomposition of space in an octree data structure. Instead of a Truncated Signed Distance Function (TSDF), we adopt mapping of occupancy probabilities in log-odds representation, which allows to represent both surfaces, as well as the entire free, i.e. observed space, as opposed to unobserved space. We introduce a method for choosing resolution -on the fly- in real-time by means of a multi-scale max-min pooling of the input depth image. The notion of explicit free space mapping paired with the spatial hierarchy in the data structure, as well as map resolution, allows for collision queries, as needed for robot motion planning, at unprecedented speed. We quantitatively evaluate mapping accuracy, memory, runtime performance, and planning performance showing improvements over the state of the art, particularly in cases requiring high resolution maps.
Propionic acid bacteria as protective cultures in fermented milks and breads (1999)

Strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionic acid bacteria (PAB) were screened as biopreservatives against food spoilage yeasts, molds and Bacillus spp. singly and in combination. A combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain LC705 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii strain JS was found to be the most active against yeasts, molds and Bacillus spp. The combination was tested for its activity against yeasts and molds in different food applications and the best results were obtained in fermented milks and in bakery products. An initiallevel of 10 7 cells.g " fermented milk product and a level of 1as cells.g " sour dough were found to be effective' against yeasts and Bacillus spp. Technology for the use of the combination in different applications was developed.
Self-calibrating optical motion tracking for articulated bodies (2005)

Building intuitive user-interfaces for virtual reality applications is a difficult task, as one of the main purposes is to provide a "natural", yet efficient input device to interact with the virtual environment. One particularly interesting approach is to track and retarget the complete motion of a subject. Established techniques for full body motion capture like optical motion tracking exist. However, due to their computational complexity and their reliance on pre-specified models, they fail to meet the demanding requirements of virtual reality environments such as real-time response, immersion, and ad hoc configurability. Our goal is to support the use of motion capture as a general input device for virtual reality applications. In this paper we present a self-calibrating framework for optical motion capture, enabling the reconstruction and tracking of arbitrary articulated objects in real-time. Our method automatically estimates all relevant model parameters on-the-fly without any information on the initial tracking setup or the marker distribution, and computes the geometry and topology of multiple tracked skeletons. Moreover, we show how the model can make the motion capture phase robust against marker occlusions by exploiting the redundancy in the skeleton model and by reconstructing missing inner limbs and joints of the subject from partial information. Meeting the above requirements our system is well applicable to a wide range of virtual reality based applications, where unconstrained tracking and flexible retargeting of motion data is desirable.
Inappropriate Intrusion of an Axonal Mitochondrial Anchor into Dendrites Causes Neurodegeneration (2019)

Syntaphilin (SNPH) is a major mitochondrial anchoring protein targeted to axons and excluded from dendrites. In this study, we provide in vivo evidence that this spatial specificity is lost in Shiverer (Shi) mice, a model for progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in inappropriate intrusion of SNPH into dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje cells with neurodegenerative consequences. Thus, reconstituting dendritic SNPH intrusion in SNPH-KO mice by viral transduction greatly sensitizes Purkinje cells to excitotoxicity when the glutamatergic climbing fibers are stimulated. Finally, we demonstrate in vitro that overexpression of SNPH in dendrites compromises neuronal viability by inducing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity, reducing mitochondrial calcium uptake, and interfering with quality control of mitochondria by blocking somal mitophagy. Collectively, we propose that inappropriate immobilization of dendritic mitochondria by SNPH intrusion produces excitotoxicity and suggest that interception of dendritic SNPH intrusion is a therapeutic strategy to combat neurodegeneration.
Laser surface photovoltage spectroscopy: A new tool for the determination of surface state distributions (1993)

A new experimental technique, which utilizes a tunable laser as the illumination source for surface photovoltage spectroscopy measurements, is presented. The data obtained by this technique make it possible to determine the distribution function of gap states observed at semiconductor interfaces. An outline of the approach together with experimental results obtained using a Ti:sapphire laser on InAlAs and CdTe crystals is given.
Universal quantum computation and simulation using any entangling Hamiltonian and local unitaries (2002)

What interactions are sufficient to simulate arbitrary quantum dynamics in a composite quantum system? We provide an efficient algorithm to simulate any desired two-body Hamiltonian evolution using any fixed two-body entangling n-qubit Hamiltonian and local unitary operations. It follows that universal quantum computation can be performed using any entangling interaction and local unitary operations.
Rendering and animation of gaseous phenomena by combining fast volume and scanline A-buffer techniques (1990)

This paper describes a new technique that efficiently combines volume rendering and scanline a-buffer techniques. This technique is useful for combining all types of volume-rendered objects with scanline rendered objects and is especially useful for rendering scenes containing gaseous phenomena such as clouds, fog, and smoke. The rendering and animation of these phenomena has been a difficult problem in computer graphics.A new algorithm for realistically modeling and animating gaseous phenomena is presented, providing true three-dimensional volumes of gas. The gases are modeled using turbulent flow based solid texturing to define their geometry and are animated based on turbulent flow simulations. A low albedo illumination model is used that takes into consideration self-shadowing of the volumes.
Influence of acetaldehyde on some serotonergic mechanisms in rat blood platelets. (1993)

Acetaldehyde (ACT), both, ex vivo and in vitro did not change the ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation and the potentiating action of serotonin. The whole blood serotonin content was decreased only when ACT was used in doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg, i.v. and the platelet serotonin content remained unchanged. Ex vivo, ACT had no influence on the labeled serotonin uptake, whereas in experiments in vitro it inhibited the amine uptake and augmented the serotonin release from blood platelets in a dose dependent manner. The results indicate that all the changes in the platelet serotonergic mechanisms appear only after high concentrations of ACT. They may be of significant importance in the circulatory system or hemostasis only during disulfiram or calcium carbamide therapy.
Thermodynamic oxidation aspects of metallic impurities and steel surfaces in heavy liquid metal melts (2016)

ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОЦЕССА ОКИСЛЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ И ПОВЕРХНОСТЕЙ СТАЛЕЙ В РАСПЛАВАХ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ЖИДКИХ МЕТАЛЛОВ