gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel switchable water stationary phase for supercritical fluid chromatography (2023)

A novel pH switchable water stationary phase is presented for use in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). By adding NH<sub>4</sub>OH to the water coating and system hydration, changes in CO<sub>2</sub> pressure and temperature allow a wide range of stationary phase pH conditions (∼3-9) to be achieved, which impact analyte retention properties. For example, 100 atm and 50 °C produces an acidic water stationary phase (pH near 4.0) where octanoic acid readily elutes while the base caffeine does not. Conversely, at 80 atm and 120 °C a basic water stationary phase (pH near 8.0) is obtained and the opposite occurs. Further, under constant pressure and temperature conditions, simply adding or removing NH<sub>4</sub>OH from the system is also found to readily allow switching between the basic and acidic water stationary phase modes and demonstrates control over ionizable analyte elution. For instance, hexanoic acid elution is near 40 times more delayed on a basic water stationary phase and, as such, it can be eluted at later points in time as desired by removing the NH<sub>4</sub>OH and switching to an acidic stationary phase. Experiments indicate that stationary phase pH switching occurs uniformly across the 15 m column length within about 18 s and that analyte retention times are very reproducible upon performing a switch (1.4% RSD; n = 3). Results demonstrate the selectivity factor between acidic and neutral analytes can be reversed and increased about 35 times, while in other trials resolution also similarly increased near 40-fold. By rapidly switching the stationary phase pH back and forth between acidic and basic modes, the selectivity between ionizable analytes could also be increased as desired. Various applications with the system show that it can vastly increase the separation between target analytes and matrix components as required by the dynamics of a particular separation.
Multiple Targets for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

AD is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Βeta- amyloid cascade formation along with several cytoskeleton abnormalities succeeding to the hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated tau protein in neurons leads to the elicitation of several neurotoxic incidents. As an outcome of these phenomena, steady growth of dementia in aged population is becoming ubiquitous in both developed and developing countries. Thus, the key aspiration is to endow with stable daily life functionality to the person suffering from dementia and to cut down or slower the symptoms of disease leading to disruptive behavior. In sight of this, the proteins amyloid-beta, BACE-1, RAGE and AChE are being aimed for the treatment of AD successfully. Currently, there are several medicines for the treatment of AD under survey like Galangin, Cymserine, Tolserine, Bisnorcymserine and Huperzine A. The article emphasizes clinical and neurobiological aspects of AD. The purpose of this review article is to provide a brief introduction of AD along with the related concept of beta-secretase, beta amyloid and neurotransmitter in the progression of disease. In the present review, we summarize the available evidence on the new therapeutic approaches that target amyloid and neurotransmitter in the AD. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, AChE, beta-secretase, beta amyloid.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Personalized Medicine–Based Approach to Model Patterns of Chemoresistance and Tumor Recurrence Using Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Spheroids (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4: Immunohistochemistry of primary patient ascites and OvCSC spheroid tumor xenografts&lt;/p&gt;
Briefwechsel (1987)

wie ich aus Ihren Äußerungen entnehmen konnte, sind Sie der Meinung, daß alles menschliche Denken, ja sogar alles menschliche Tun und Treiben überhaupt durch Rechenmaschinen simulierbar wäre. Da ich nicht Ihrer Meinung bin, will ich Ihnen nun kurz auseinandersetzen, worin für mich die wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen menschlichem Denken und den Versuchen, es zu simulieren, bestehen, und warum diese Simulationsversuche zwangsläufig scheitern müssen. Vorerst aber noch einiges zur Geschichte dieser Simulationsversuche.
Synthesis of Methane by Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide in a Tubular Reactor. (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Methane by Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide in a Tubular Reactor.M. M. Gilkeson, R. R. White, and C. M. SliepcevichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 2, 460–467Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50518a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50518a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlyst 15‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Propargylic Silanes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A haptic wristwatch for eyes-free interactions (2011)

We present a haptic wristwatch prototype that makes it possible to acquire information from a companion mobile device through simple eyes-free gestures. The wristwatch we have built uses a custom-made piezoelectric actuator combined with sensors to create a natural, inconspicuous, gesture-based interface. Feedback is returned to the user in the form of haptic stimuli that are delivered to the wrist. We evaluated the capabilities and limitations of our prototype through two user experiments. One experiment verified that the apparatus could be used as a tactile notification mechanism. The other experiment assessed the feasibility of using a cover-and-hold gesture on the wristwatch to obtain numerical data tactually. Results from the numerosity experiment and feedback from participants prompted us to redesign the cover-and-hold gesture to provide users with additional control over the interaction. We qualitatively evaluated the redesigned interaction by handing the prototype to users so that they could use it in a realistic work environment. Taken together, results from the experiments and the validation process indicate that a wrist accessory can be effectively used to perform discreet, closed-loop, eyes-free interactions with a mobile device.
Effects of polarisation on solar-blind AlGaN UV photodiodes (2005)

The effects of spontaneous and strain induced polarisation, and incomplete dopant ionisation on the spectral responsivity of a Ga-faced p-GaN/i-Al/sub 0.33/Ga/sub 0.67/N/n-GaN photodiode structure are determined using a commercial finite element modelling package. It is shown that polarisation induced interface charges increase the barrier to carriers generated in the GaN regions of the diode, improving the solar-blindness of the diode by more than three orders of magnitude. In contrast, incomplete dopant ionisation has only a minor effect.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of High Electron Mobility Zn-doped SnO2 Nanoflowers as Photoanode Material for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

This paper demonstrates the potential of a new photoanode material Zn-doped SnO2 nanoflower for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. The nanoflower structure is synthesized using a hydrothermal method and is shown to have electron mobility higher than that of the conventional titania photoanode. The overall power conversion efficiency for the Zn-doped SnO2 nanoflower dye-sensitized solar cell reaches 3.00% with a Voc of 0.78 V and increases to 6.78% after TiCl4 treatment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement showed that the Zn-doped SnO2 nanoflower film has a large intrinsic electron mobility that favors the fast charge transport. This work shows that Zn-doped SnO2 nanoflower material is a most interesting material and has good potential for application in solar cells.
Prestressed CFRP for Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures: Recent Developments at Empa, Switzerland (2010)

In civil engineering today, only 20 to 30% of the strength of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips is used when they are applied as externally bonded strips for flexural and shear strengthening or in confinement of reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements. The strips are better used when the CFRP material is prestressed. This offers several advantages, including reduced crack widths, reduced deflections, reduced stress in the internal steel, and possibly increased fatigue resistance. In this paper, recent developments in the field of RC strengthening using prestressed CFRP are presented. The paper focuses on developments in flexural and shear strengthening and column confinement made at the Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research (Empa). Several innovative ideas have been successfully realized in the laboratory. For example, a gradient prestressing technique without end anchorage plates was developed and successfully applied to a 17 m RC bridge girder. A confinement technique using nonlaminated thermoplastic CFRP straps was also investigated and applied to 2 m high RC columns. These results are encouraging, although practical and theoretical problems remain to be solved before these techniques can be fully applied.
Pricing internet access for disloyal users (2008)

In this paper we investigate the impact of customer loyalty on the price competition between local Internet Service Providers who sell Internet access to end-users. The main contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we develop a repeated game, and show how cooperation between ISPs resulting in higher profits can be enforced through a threat strategy in the presence of customer loyalty. Second, we investigate the case of a differentiated customer population by introducing dual reservation values, and show how it leads to new, pure strategy Nash equilibra for a wide range of demand functions. Third, we develop two novel models for customer loyalty, along with a simulation tool that is capable of demonstrating the impact of the novel models. We argue that our findings can bring us closer to the understanding of economic interactions among ISPs and, at the same time, can motivate researchers to incorporate a finer-grained user behavior model involving customer loyalty in their investigations of such interactions.
Homogeneous catalysis of the water gas shift reaction with the use of Group 6 transition metal carbonyls: hexacarbonylchromium, hexacarbonylmolybdenum, and hexacarbonyltungsten (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous catalysis of the water gas shift reaction with the use of Group 6 transition metal carbonyls: hexacarbonylchromium, hexacarbonylmolybdenum, and hexacarbonyltungstenA. D. King Jr., R. B. King, and D. B. YangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 10, 2699–2704Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00400a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00400a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observation of Dynamic Structural Transformations in a Copper Sulfide Nanorod by TEM (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Sur une expression remarquable des solutions de période $2k\pi$ de l'équation de Mathieu associée (1949)

le mmoire extrmement condens et malheureusement peu lisible de N.
COHERENT/INCOHERENT MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS OF NANOMAGNETIC DEVICES FOR ULTRA-LOW ENERGY COMPUTING (2017)

Nanomagnetic computing devices are inherently nonvolatile and show unique transfer characteristics while their switching energy requirements are on par, if not better than state of the art CMOS based devices. These characteristics make them very attractive for both Boolean and non-Boolean computing applications. Among different strategies employed to switch nanomagnetic computing devices e.g. magnetic field, spin transfer torque, spin orbit torque etc., strain induced switching has been shown to be among the most energy efficient. Strain switched nanomagnetic devices are also amenable for non-Boolean computing applications. Such strain mediated magnetization switching, termed here as “Straintronics”, is implemented by switching the magnetization of the magnetic layer of a magnetostrictive-piezoelectric nanoscale heterostructure by applying an electric field in the underlying piezoelectric layer. The modes of “straintronic” switching: coherent vs. incoherent switching of spins can affect device performance such as speed, energy dissipation and switching error in such devices. There was relatively little research performed on understanding the switching mechanism (coherent vs. incoherent) in xiv straintronic devices and their adaptation for non-Boolean computing, both of which have been studied in this thesis. Detailed studies of the effects of nanomagnet geometry and size on the coherence of the switching process and ultimately device performance of such strain switched nanomagnetic devices have been performed. These studies also contributed in optimizing designs for low energy, low dynamic error operation of straintronic logic devices and identified avenues for further research. A Novel non-Boolean “straintronic” computing device (Ternary Content Addressable Memory, abbreviated as TCAM) has been proposed and evaluated through numerical simulations. This device showed significant improvement over existing CMOS device based TCAM implementation in terms of scaling, energy-delay product, operational simplicity etc. The experimental part of this thesis answered a very fundamental question in strain induced magnetization rotation. Specifically, this experiment studied the variation in magnetization orientation for strain induced magnetization rotation along the thickness of a magnetostrictive thin film using polarized neutron reflectometry and demonstrated non-uniform magnetization rotation along the thickness of the sample. Additional experimental work was performed to lay the groundwork for ultra-low voltage straintronic switching demonstration. Preliminary sample fabrication and characterization that can potentially lead to low voltage (~10-100 mV) operation and local clocking of such devices has been performed.
Modeling and simulation of a wind turbine system with ultracapacitors for short-term power smoothing (2010)

This paper describes the modeling and simulation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WCES). The model includes all components from wind to the grid. This model is used to study various control algorithms as well as integration of ultracapacitor energy storage aimed at reduction of output power variations. Ultracapacitors are placed on the DC bus of the double conversion system to avoid extra power conversion stage.
Efficacy of natural plant products, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Pongamia pinnata in the management of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. under laboratory conditions (2010)

Use of Natural plant products in the management of the greater wax moth, G. mellonella L. under laboratory conditions was carried out. The results revealed that the larval mortality of wax moth varied significantly with three different plant products concentrations. The mortality was high with seed extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and is ranging from 84.81 ± 2.7 to 93.65 ±3.25 per cent at different concentrations. Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract of different concentrations showed moderate larval mortality for different instars ranging from 65.36 ±4.36 to 73.41± 4.46 percent. The corresponding mortality for Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata) seed extract was low 31.10 ± 3.38 to 52.1 ± 19.85. The effects of tulasi were moderate while pongamia caused the lowest mortality. Of the three plant products tested Neem performed better under all the experimental conditions.
Comparing Methods for Detecting and Characterizing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Unmodified Commercial Sunscreens (2009)

It was determined that several of the commercial sunscreens contained distinct nanoparticles. No one method was able to completely characterize nanoparticles in the unmodified products but the viable methods provided complementary information regarding the nanoparticles and how they were interacting with the sunscreen matrix.
Angiotensin II Short-Loop Feedback (2018)

The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is triggered by the release of the protease renin from the kidneys, which in turn is controlled in the sense of negative feedback loops. It is widely assumed that Ang II (angiotensin II) directly inhibits renin expression and secretion via a short-loop feedback by an effect on renin-producing cells (RPCs) mediated by AT<sub>1</sub> (Ang II type 1) receptors. Because the concept of such a direct short-loop negative feedback control, which originates mostly from in vitro experiments, has not yet been systematically proven in vivo, we aimed to test the validity of this concept by studying the regulation of renin synthesis and secretion in mice lacking Ang II-AT<sub>1</sub> receptors on RPCs. We found that RPCs of the kidney express Ang II-AT<sub>1</sub> receptors. Mice with conditional deletion of Ang II-AT<sub>1</sub> receptors in RPCs were normal with regard to the number of renin cells, renal renin mRNA, and plasma renin concentrations. Renin expression and secretion of these mice responded to Ang I (angiotensin I)-converting enzyme inhibition and to Ang II infusion like in wild-type (WT) controls. In summary, we did not obtain evidence that Ang II-AT<sub>1</sub> receptors on RPCs are of major relevance for the normal regulation of renin expression and secretion in mice. Therefore, we doubt the existence of a direct negative feedback function of Ang II on RPCs.
DeepFreak: Learning Crystallography Diffraction Patterns with Automated\n Machine Learning (2019)

Serial crystallography is the field of science that studies the structure and\nproperties of crystals via diffraction patterns. In this paper, we introduce a\nnew serial crystallography dataset comprised of real and synthetic images; the\nsynthetic images are generated through the use of a simulator that is both\nscalable and accurate. The resulting dataset is called DiffraNet, and it is\ncomposed of 25,457 512x512 grayscale labeled images. We explore several\ncomputer vision approaches for classification on DiffraNet such as standard\nfeature extraction algorithms associated with Random Forests and Support Vector\nMachines but also an end-to-end CNN topology dubbed DeepFreak tailored to work\non this new dataset. All implementations are publicly available and have been\nfine-tuned using off-the-shelf AutoML optimization tools for a fair comparison.\nOur best model achieves 98.5% accuracy on synthetic images and 94.51% accuracy\non real images. We believe that the DiffraNet dataset and its classification\nmethods will have in the long term a positive impact in accelerating\ndiscoveries in many disciplines, including chemistry, geology, biology,\nmaterials science, metallurgy, and physics.\n
P3‐471: Peptide vaccines for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: immunization trails in transgenic P301S and Tg2576 mice (2011)

Vaccination for prophylaxis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to be effective in many mouse models and even in humans. Immunization with Aß1-42 peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau peptides prevented plaque and tangle formation or even cleared deposits of Aß and tau. However, severe side effects like encephalitis were observed in humans. The inflammatory T-cell response was caused by a T-cell epitope within the Aß sequence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop an alternative immunization strategy. Five different AD-specific neoepitopes from Aß and tau were combined with two immunomodulatory T-cell epitopes. By this strategy a dominant anti-inflammatory Th2 immune response is triggered, thus preventing plaque and tangle formation in transgenic P301S and Tg2576 mice, respectively. Peptide constructs were synthesized in a linear anti-parallel structure for three phosphorylated tau epitopes and in a branched structure for two Aß peptides. For prophylactic vaccination P301S and Tg2576 mice were immunized with the peptides and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Specific IgG1/IgG2 titers were constantly measured to determine the Th1/Th2 immune response. Additionally behavioral tests like T-maze, open field or beam walk and rotarod were conducted. After termination of both immunization trials by end of March 2011, the success of the immunization will be examined by quantitative immunohistochemisty for plaque burden and for tangle formation. Tg2576 and P301S mice were immunized with the synthesized peptide vaccines and the resulting IgG1/IgG2 titers were determined by ELISA. A strong Th2 immune response with a stable antibody titer was observed in approximately 95% of the vaccinated animals. Behavioral testing and biochemical analyses are still in progress. Data to be presented will include the peptide design, characterization of the observed immune response, a summary of the conducted behavioral testing and results on immunohistochemistry. The chosen peptide design allows to induce a strong anti-inflammatory immune response in transgenic P301S und Tg2576 mice with stable titers. Depending on the behavioral testing and the immunohistochemical analysis, the developed peptide based vaccine consisting of an AD specific B-cell epitope and an immunomodulatory viral T-cell epitope could be an effective tool for the prevention or even treatment of AD.