gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Reinforcement in Evolutionary Multi-Agent Game Playing of Dots-and-Boxes (2006)

An evolutionary multi-agent system is described that develops a rule-based approach to playing the game Dots and Boxes, under a probabilistic reinforcement learning paradigm. The process and behaviour using probabilistic action selection with a Boltzmann distribution is compared with an alternative technique using an Artificial Economy. The probabilistic system developed was played against a rule-based software opponent, and able to produce behaviour under a self-organising process able to perform better than the software opponent it was trained against.
Interleukin 2 enhances the natural killer cell activity of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients through a gamma-interferon-independent mechanism. (1985)

Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibit a variety of disorders of cellular immunity, including a deficient ability to generate cytotoxic T cells and depressed levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity. Interleukin 2 (IL 2) in vitro can markedly augment these depressed immune functions. Because IL 2 can induce the release of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and because IFN-gamma may play a role in the regulation of NK cell activity, this study was performed to determine if the IL 2 enhancement of the NK cell activity of patients with AIDS was an IFN-gamma-dependent effect. PBL from eight healthy heterosexual donors and from nine patients with AIDS were studied for their ability to release IFN-gamma in response to IL 2 at a concentration of 100 U/ml. After 60 hr of culture, the PBL of all eight healthy donors produced IFN-gamma with a mean titer of 113 U/ml (range 40 to 320 U/ml). In contrast, the PBL from only two of nine patients with AIDS released measurable amounts of IFN-gamma (40 U/ml each) in response to IL 2 with a mean titer of 13.5 U/ml for all nine. Although the PBL from patients with AIDS were deficient in their capacity to produce IFN-gamma in response to 100 U/ml of IL 2, significant enhancement of NK cell activity could be obtained after only 1 hr of PBL treatment with 10 U/ml of IL 2, with an optimal NK enhancing effect occurring at doses of 50 to 100 U/ml of IL 2. The use of an anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody resulted in complete neutralization of the IFN released from the normal PBL cultured with IL 2, but failed to inhibit the IL 2 enhancement of NK cell activity. Exogenous IFN-gamma exhibited different kinetics of enhancement of NK cell activity when compared to IL 2, requiring substantially more than 1 hr of pretreatment of PBL. These results indicate that the PBL from patients with AIDS usually do not release IFN-gamma when cultured with IL 2, and that IL 2 enhancement of the depressed NK cell activity of these patients may be an IFN-gamma-independent event. These results may have important implications for the therapy of AIDS.
GOLIAH: A Gaming Platform for Home-Based Intervention in Autism – Principles and Design (2016)

Children with Autism need intensive intervention and this is challenging in terms of manpower, costs, and time. Advances in Information Communication Technology and computer gaming may help in this respect by creating a nomadically deployable closed-loop intervention system involving the child and active participation of parents and therapists. An automated serious gaming platform enabling intensive intervention in nomadic settings has been developed by mapping two pivotal skills in autism spectrum disorder: Imitation and Joint Attention (JA). Eleven games - seven Imitations and four JA - were derived from the Early Start Denver Model. The games involved application of visual and audio stimuli with multiple difficulty levels and a wide variety of tasks and actions pertaining to the Imitation and JA. The platform runs on mobile devices and allows the therapist to (1) characterize the child's initial difficulties/strengths, ensuring tailored and adapted intervention by choosing appropriate games and (2) investigate and track the temporal evolution of the child's progress through a set of automatically extracted quantitative performance metrics. The platform allows the therapist to change the game or its difficulty levels during the intervention depending on the child's progress. Performance of the platform was assessed in a 3-month open trial with 10 children with autism (Trial ID: NCT02560415, Clinicaltrials.gov). The children and the parents participated in 80% of the sessions both at home (77.5%) and at the hospital (90%). All children went through all the games but, given the diversity of the games and the heterogeneity of children profiles and abilities, for a given game the number of sessions dedicated to the game varied and could be tailored through automatic scoring. Parents (N = 10) highlighted enhancement in the child's concentration, flexibility, and self-esteem in 78, 89, and 44% of the cases, respectively, and 56% observed an enhanced parents-child relationship. This pilot study shows the feasibility of using the developed gaming platform for home-based intensive intervention. However, the overall capability of the platform in delivering intervention needs to be assessed in a bigger open trial.
Toll-Like Receptors in Atherosclerosis (2013)

Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is driven by inflammation. Increasing evidence suggests that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key orchestrators of the atherosclerotic disease process. Interestingly, a distinct picture is being revealed for individual receptors in atherosclerosis. TLRs exhibit a complex nature enabling the detection of multiple motifs named danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of these receptors triggers an intracellular signalling cascade mediated through MyD88 or TRIF, leading to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this review we explore key novel findings pertaining to TLR signalling in atherosclerosis, including recently described endosomal TLRs and future directions in TLR research.
Coagulation, inflammation, and apoptosis: different roles for protein S and the protein S–C4b binding protein complex (2003)

Protein S (PS) has an established role as an important cofactor to activated protein C (APC) in the degradation of coagulation cofactors Va and VIIIa. This anticoagulant role is evident from the consequences of its deficiency, when there is an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. In human plasma, PS circulates approximately 40% as free PS (FPS) and 60% in complex with C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Formation of this complex results in loss of PS cofactor function, and C4BP can then modulate the anticoagulant activity of APC. It had long been predicted that the complex could act as a bridge between coagulation and inflammation due to the involvement of C4BP in regulating complement activation. This prediction was recently supported by the demonstration of binding of the PS-C4BP complex to apoptotic cells. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the structure and functions of PS, the basis and importance of its deficiency, its interaction with C4BP, and the possible physiologic and pathologic importance of the PS-C4BP interaction.
Studies in heavy-metal molybdates. 2. Crystal structure of disodium di-.mu.-hydroxo-dizinc(II) molybdate (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in heavy-metal molybdates. 2. Crystal structure of disodium di-.mu.-hydroxo-dizinc(II) molybdateA. Clearfield, R. Gopal, and C. H. Saldarriaga-MolinaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 3, 628–631Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50169a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50169a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stereochemistry of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis: incorporation of chiral[1-2H]putrescines into retrorsine (1984)

2 H N.m.r. spectroscopy has been used to establish the labeling patterns in retrorsine (1) derived biosynthetically from (R)-[1-2H]-putrescine; in the former case retrorsine (11) is equally labelled with 2H at the 3β, 5α, 8α and 9-pro-S positions, while with the latter precursor only the 3α and the 5β positions in retrorsine (15) are labelled with 2H.
Oncological and functional outcomes 1 year after radical prostatectomy for very‐low‐risk prostate cancer: results from the prospective LAPPRO trial (2016)

Our prospective study of men with very-low-risk prostate cancer undergoing open or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy showed that there were favourable oncological outcomes in approximately two-thirds. Approximately 40% did not have surgically induced urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction 12 months postoperatively. These results provide additional support for the use of active surveillance in men with very-low-risk prostate cancer; however, the number of men with risk of upgrading and upstaging is not negligible. Improved stratification is still urgently needed.
C16-Ceramide Analog Combined with Pc 4 Photodynamic Therapy Evokes Enhanced Total Ceramide Accumulation, Promotion of DEVDase Activation in the Absence of Apoptosis, and Augmented Overall Cell Killing (2010)

Because of the failure of single modality approaches, combination therapy for cancer treatment is a promising alternative. Sphingolipid analogs, with or without anticancer drugs, can improve tumor response. C16-pyridinium ceramide analog LCL30, was used in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT), an anticancer treatment modality, to test the hypothesis that the combined treatment will trigger changes in the sphingolipid profile and promote cell death. Using SCCVII mouse squamous carcinoma cells, and the silicone phthalocyanine Pc 4 for PDT, we showed that combining PDT with LCL30 (PDT/LCL30) was more effective than individual treatments in raising global ceramide levels, as well as in reducing dihydrosphingosine levels. Unlike LCL30, PDT, alone or combined, increased total dihydroceramide levels. Sphingosine levels were unaffected by LCL30, but were abolished after PDT or the combination. LCL30-triggered rise in sphingosine-1-phosphate was reversed post-PDT or the combination. DEVDase activation was evoked after PDT or LCL30, and was promoted post- PDT/LCL30. Neither mitochondrial depolarization nor apoptosis were observed after any of the treatments. Notably, treatment with the combination resulted in augmented overall cell killing. Our data demonstrate that treatment with PDT/LCL30 leads to enhanced global ceramide levels and DEVDase activation in the absence of apoptosis, and promotion of total cell killing.
Role of immunosuppression in post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis after liver transplantation: A retrospective analysis (2013)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is frequently used for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in recipients of liver transplantation (LT) who develop biliary complications. Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography acute pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common major adverse event after ERCP; however, the frequency of PEP in LT recipients is not well established. We aimed to determine the rate of PEP in this population and to identify its predictors, especially among immunosuppressive agents. We reviewed all ERCP procedures performed in LT recipients after duct-to-duct biliary anastomoses at 2 high-volume transplant centers. Patients who had undergone sphincterotomy or had a surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy before LT were excluded. Electronic medical records and endoscopy databases were used to obtain clinical, endoscopic, and medication data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of PEP in this cohort. In all, 730 ERCP procedures were performed in 301 patients during the study period with an observed PEP rate of 3% (22/730). A univariate analysis revealed an increased risk of PEP with index ERCP after LT [odds ratio (OR) = 4.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-11.65] and in cases with difficult biliary cannulation (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.10-7.65), whereas prednisone use was found to have a protective effect in both univariate (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14-0.84) and multivariate analyses (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.09-0.57) after adjustments for difficult biliary cannulation and post-LT index ERCP. This retrospective analysis demonstrates that corticosteroid therapy has a protective role in the development of PEP in LT recipients. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Performance, design and pulse width control of a CLL resonant DC/DC converter operating at constant frequency in the lagging power factor mode (1999)

One of the different available topologies of the CLL resonant power converter has been re-investigated in this paper in the lagging power factor mode. It has been shown that the converter has a load-independent feature and may be designed to operate (ideally) at constant frequency. However, because of the nonidealities of the power converter components and to compensate for the variation in input DC voltage, frequency and/or PWM control is required. Optimization issues of the transformer-coupled topologies have also been discussed. A design procedure has been chalked out considering a voltage regulator-type application. Experimental results from a prototype power converter confirm the analysis. Pulse width control of the inverter output voltage shows very smooth control in converter output voltage to operate at constant frequency, despite changes in input voltage and/or output load.
Twin-domain formation in epitaxial triangular lattice delafossites (2021)

Twin domains are often found as structural defects in symmetry mismatched epitaxial thin films. The delafossite ABO2, which has a rhombohedral structure, is a good example that often forms twin domains. Although bulk metallic delafossites are known to be the most conducting oxides, the high conductivity is yet to be realized in thin film forms. Suppressed conductivity found in thin films is mainly caused by the formation of twin domains, and their boundaries can be a source of scattering centers for charge carriers. To overcome this challenge, the underlying mechanism for their formation must be understood, so that such defects can be controlled and eliminated. Here, we report the origin of structural twins formed in a CuCrO2 delafossite thin film on a substrate with hexagonal or triangular symmetries. A robust heteroepitaxial relationship is found for the delafossite film with the substrate, and the surface termination turns out to be critical to determine and control the domain structure of epitaxial delafossites. Based on such discoveries, we also demonstrate a twin-free epitaxial thin films grown on high-miscut substrates. This finding provides an important synthesis strategy for growing single domain delafossite thin films and can be applied to other delafossites for epitaxial synthesis of high-quality thin films.
Methyl (3SR,4RS)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (2003)

In the title compound, C13H15NO4, the pyrrolidine ring exhibits an envelope conformation with two chiral centres. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network.
THE ACTION OF MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID ON SEMICARBAZIDE AND HYDRAZINE. (1914)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID ON SEMICARBAZIDE AND HYDRAZINE.J. R. Bailey and W. T. ReadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1914, 36, 8, 1747–1766Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1914Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1914https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02185a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02185a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Shannon's mutual information of a multiple antenna time and\n frequency dependent channel: an ergodic operator approach (2015)

Consider a random non-centered multiple antenna radio transmission channel.\nAssume that the deterministic part of the channel is itself frequency\nselective, and that the random multipath part is represented by an ergodic\nstationary vector process. In the Hilbert space $l^2({\\mathbb Z})$, one can\nassociate to this channel a random ergodic self-adjoint operator having a\nso-called Integrated Density of States (IDS). Shannon's mutual information per\nreceive antenna of this channel coincides then with the integral of a $\\log$\nfunction with respect to the IDS. In this paper, it is shown that when the\nnumbers of antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver tend to infinity at\nthe same rate, the mutual information per receive antenna tends to a quantity\nthat can be identified and, in fact, is closely related to that obtained within\nthe random matrix approach. This result can be obtained by analyzing the\nbehavior of the Stieltjes transform of the IDS in the regime of the large\nnumbers of antennas.\n
Language-integrated querying of XML data in SQL server (2008)

Developers need to access persistent XML data programmatically. Object-oriented access is often the preferred method. Translating XML data into objects or vice-versa is a hard problem due to the data model mismatch and the difficulty of query translation. Our prototype addresses this problem by transforming object-based queries and updates into queries and updates on XML using declarative mappings between classes and XML schema types. Our prototype extends the ADO.NET Entity Framework and leverages its object-relational mapping capabilities. We demonstrate how a developer can interact with stored relational and XML data using the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) feature of .NET. We show how LINQ queries are translated into a combination of SQL and XQuery. Finally, we illustrate how explicit mappings facilitate data independence upon database refactoring.
Adaptive Array Processing for Wide-Band Active Sonars (2004)

A high-frequency sector scan sonar can be used to detect and classify man-made objects located on the sea floor. If the hydrophone array of the sonar is to be mounted on a miniaturized autonomous underwater vehicle, the aperture size of the array must be small enough so that it will not affect the vehicle's maneuverability. However, a small aperture size of the array results in poor angular resolution when using the conventional delay and sum beamforming technique. This paper shows that, with the aid of spatial resampling, narrow-band adaptive beamforming algorithms can be applied to improve the angular resolution of wide-band active sonars with a small aperture uniform linear hydrophone array. Owing to the motion of the vehicle and the highly nonstationary environment, only single-snapshot adaptive beamforming algorithms can be used. In this paper, spatial smoothing is used in conjunction with the minimum variance distortionless response and multiple signal classification adaptive beamforming algorithms to produce a high-resolution image using a single ping. Real sonar images generated using these two algorithms are compared with those generated using another single-snapshot adaptive beamforming algorithm, spatial processing: optimized and constrained, and the conventional delay and sum beamforming algorithm.
Analysis of the Total Heat Transfer in an Evaporating Thin Film (2008)

When a liquid wets a solid wall, the extended meniscus may be divided into three regions: a non-evaporating region where liquid is adsorbed on the wall; a thin-film region where effects of long-range molecular forces (disjoining pressure) are felt; and an intrinsic meniscus region where capillary forces dominate. In this work, a simplified model based on the augmented Young-Laplace equation is developed and an analytical solution is obtained to more easily evaluate the total heat transfer in the thin-film region. The results are consistent with previously published numerical solutions. The present work is valid for a much wider range of fluid thermal conductivity than a previous analytical solution by Schonberg et al, which is only applicable for fluids with very low conductivity.
Salt Classification Using Deep Learning (2017)

Summary Traditional methods for salt classification consist of choosing a set of attributes that are sensitive to the characteristics of salt bodies and training a classification algorithm to discriminate between salt and other geological structures. Convolutional neural networks have the advantage of combining attribute extraction and classification in one network. This allows both the attributes and classification to be trainable for the given application. In this work we show how this technique can be applied to salt classification in seismic datasets. The results shows that training a classifier on one labelled inline slice is sufficient to classify other slices in the same dataset.
Design of Radar Electromagnetic Environment Simulation System Based on Altera Stratix® III Series FPGA (2018)

Radar signal sorting in complex electromagnetic environment is the key technology of radar reconnaissance interference, which plays an important role in the measurement, analysis and identification of subsequent radar characteristic parameters. Aiming at the fact that the field experiment can not simulate the complex electromagnetic environment and the huge cost of the real battlefield, a radar electromagnetic environment simulation system based on ADC/DAC+FPGA+ARM architecture is proposed, which realizes the embedded electromagnetic environment The simulation and design of the simulation system are carried out, and the RF noise module, the random pulse module, the linear sweep module, the pulse delay superposition interference module and the single batch false target module of the electromagnetic environment simulation system are simulated.