gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-Infection Immunodeficiency Virus Control by Neutralizing Antibodies (2007)

Our results present evidence indicating that potent antibody induction post-infection can result in primary immunodeficiency virus control and suggest direct and indirect contribution of its absence to initial control failure in HIV infections. Although difficulty in achieving requisite neutralizing titers for sterile HIV protection by prophylactic vaccination has been suggested, this study points out a possibility of non-sterile HIV control by prophylactic vaccine-induced, sub-sterile titers of NAbs post-infection, providing a rationale of vaccine-based NAb induction for primary HIV control.
Optical flow estimation with parameterized data term and warping (2012)

Horn/Schunck approach which has been widely used in variational optical flow estimation consists of a data term and a smoothness term. In this paper, a parameterized data term is proposed. The parameter can adjust the proportion of the two images' gradient for obtaining the Euler-Lagrange equations. This combination makes the optical flow more robust to noise and illumination changes. Firstly, the classic model is analyzed, especially the coefficients of the Euler-Lagrange equations. Then, a model with parameterized data term is proposed. This model has formulated the combination of image gradients theoretically and enabled more flexible combination. Finally, a multi-resolution technology has been used for solving the nonlinearity of optical flow. In this process, the warping step is also parameterized and the influence of the parameter is analyzed. The experiments demonstrate the benefit of our parameterized model to the classical one.
Automotive Fuel Permeation Resistance - A Comparison of Elastomeric Materials (1979)

Data are presented that compare the permeation resistance of current elastomeric fuel hose construction materials to those based on fluorocarbon elastomers and fluorocarbon elastomer/hydrocarbon elastomer blends. The permeation resistance of a fluorocarbon elastomer hose compound is superior to all current hydrocarbon elastomer materials tested. Permeation rates, in some cases, are more than one hundred times better than present materials. In addition, fluorocarbon elastomers have excellent resistance to degradation from heat, ozone and the high aromatic content in current fuels. No other class of elastomers possesses this unique balance of properties.
Anti‐adhesive signals are mediated via major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in normal and neoplastic human B cells: Correlation with B cell differentiation stage (1997)

Abstract We show that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on B cells transmit signals which regulate adhesion in a negative manner. Engagement of MHC class II molecules with antibodies results in detachment of B cells previously bound to interferon‐γ‐activated human umbilical cord venous endothelial cells. This process depends on metabolic energy, active signaling and protein tyrosine kinase activity. The adhesion pathway influenced by this signaling event is neuraminidase sensitive. The anti‐adhesive signaling program is activated in B cell lines with a mature phenotype, e.g. normal B cells from spleen and tonsil. In contrast, cell lines with a pre‐B cell phenotype and normal B cells from peripheral blood are refractory to MHC class II‐mediated regulation of adhesion. These results extend to neoplastic cells from patients with lymphopro‐liferative diseases representing different stages of B cell maturation. These results suggest that MHC class II‐mediated signals regulate B cell adhesion in a developmentally programmed fashion; this might have implications for clinical behavior of B cell malignancies.
A new approach to text understanding (1992)

This paper first briefly describes the architecture of PLUM, BBN's text Processing system, and then reports on some experiments evaluating the effectiveness of the design at the component level. Three features are unusual in PLUM's architecture: a domain-independent deterministic parser, processing of (the resulting) fragments at the semantic and discourse level, and probabilistic models.
Designing and evaluating warning labels (1982)

Designing a warning label that meets the requirements of consumers, producers, and regulatory agencies is a challenging task. Such warnings must be clearly visible and must make the user aware of the consequences of improperly using the product containing the label. Once the label is designed, it must be tested. Does it attract people's attention? Do people read it? Do they understand it? A method for testing the effectiveness of a label is presented and suggestions for maintaining an unbiased test are offered.
Fine Bubble Mixing (FBM) Culture of E. coli: A Highly Cost-effective Middle Scale-size Culture System (2012)

A highly cost-effective and easy-to-assemble cultivation system suitable for middle scale-size culturing of bacterial cells is described. In the culture, from a flat-shaped air-stone with large surface area, fine bubbles are generated with a low-cost air pump available in an aquarium fish shop, and cell-agitation and oxygen supply are efficiently conducted by fine bubbles simultaneously. Growth properties of the cells and their saturation density are comparable to those in a conventional culture system. The expression of recombinant protein was revealed to be similar to conventional methods. The system does not require any expensive machines or equipments. In addition, all equipments except plastic flat-shaped airstone are reusable after sterilization. Due to the low cost, the ease to use and multiple cultivations at once, our system may enable to find better culture conditions, to scale-up with ease and to perform timesaving efficient protein production. Keywords: Cost-effective culture system, E. coli, recombinant protein expression
A versatile new method for the synthesis of various pyrrolidin-1-oxyl fatty acids (1984)

Mono-and di-carboxylic acid derivatives of various structural isomers the pyrrolidin-1-oxyl ring containing a stable free radical (spin label)can be obtained by Michael addition of a nitroalkane to an α,β-unsaturated ketone ot give a γ-nitroketone, followed by ring closure to a pyrrolin-1-yl oxide which reacts with Grignard reagents to give a pyrrolidin-1-oxyl compound, which undergoes phase-transfer oxidation of its terminal unsaturated bond.
Hepatic Stellate Cells Improve Engraftment of Human Primary Hepatocytes: A Preclinical Transplantation Study in an Animal Model (2015)

Human hepatocytes are used for liver cell therapy, but the small number of engrafting cells limits the benefit of cell transplantation. We tested whether cotransplantation of hepatocytes with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) could improve hepatocyte engraftment in vivo. Human primary hepatocytes were transplanted into SCID mice either alone or in a mixture with HSCs (quiescent or after culture activation) or LX-2 cells (ratio 20:1). Four weeks after transplantation into mouse livers, human albumin-positive (huAlb(+)) hepatocytes were found scattered. When cotransplanted in a mixture with HSCs or LX-2 cells, huAlb(+) hepatocytes formed clusters and were more numerous occupying 2- to 5.9-fold more surface on the tissue section than in livers transplanted with hepatocytes alone. Increased huAlb mRNA expression in livers transplanted with the cell mixtures confirmed those results. The presence of HSCs increased the number of hepatocytes entrapped in the host liver at an early time point posttransplantation but not their proliferation in situ as assessed by cumulative incorporation of BrdU. Importantly, 4 weeks posttransplantation, we found no accumulation of αSMA(+)-activated HSCs or collagen deposition. To follow the fate of transplanted HSCs, HSCs derived from GFP(+) mice were injected into GFP(-) littermates: 17 h posttransplant, GFP(+) HSCs were found in the sinusoids, without proliferating or actively producing ECM; they were undetectable at later time points. Coculture with HSCs improved the number of adherent hepatocytes, with best attachment obtained when hepatocytes were seeded in contact with activated HSCs. In vivo, cotransplantation of hepatocytes with HSCs into a healthy liver recipient does not generate fibrosis, but significantly improves the engraftment of hepatocytes, probably by ameliorating cell homing.
Chemistry of Oligonucleotide-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates (1999)

Conjugates prepared by immobilizing thiol-terminated oligonucleotides onto gold nanoparticles form stable colloidal solutions in aqueous media. The oligonucleotides can serve as linkers to organize the gold particles reversibly into three dimensional assemblies, and the gold particles can function as colorimetric reporters for hybridization of the bound oligomers with target oligonucleotides in solution.
The effect of dietary Laminaria‐derived laminarin and fucoidan on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation, intestinal microflora and volatile fatty acid concentration in pigs (2009)

Overall, the reductions in intestinal Enterobacterium spp. and increases in Lactobacilli spp. obtained suggest that laminarin and fucoidan may provide a dietary means to improve gut health in pigs.
Postprandial Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Requires Signaling though Akt2 Independent of the Transcription Factors FoxA2, FoxO1 and SREBP1c (2011)

Under conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt/PKB is required for lipid accumulation in liver. Two forkhead transcription factors, FoxA2 and FoxO1 have been suggested to function downstream of and to be negatively regulated by Akt and proposed as key determinants of hepatic triglyceride content. In this study, we utilize genetic loss of function experiments to show that constitutive activation of neither FoxA2 nor FoxO1 can account for the protection from steatosis afforded by deletion of Akt2 in liver. Rather, another downstream target positively regulated by Akt, the mTORC1 complex, is required in vivo for de novo lipogenesis and Srebp1c expression. Nonetheless, activation of mTORC1 and SREBP1c are not sufficient to drive postprandial lipogenesis in the absence of Akt2. These data show that insulin signaling through Akt2 promotes anabolic lipid metabolism independent of Foxa2 or FoxO1 and through pathways additional to the mTORC1-dependent activation of SREBP1c.
A Lightweight Approach to Localization for Blind and Visually Impaired Travelers (2023)

Independent wayfinding is a major challenge for blind and visually impaired (BVI) travelers. Although GPS-based localization approaches enable the use of navigation smartphone apps that provide accessible turn-by-turn directions in outdoor settings, such approaches are ineffective in indoor and other GPS-deprived settings. We build on our previous work on a localization algorithm based on computer vision and inertial sensing; the algorithm is lightweight in that it requires only a 2D floor plan of the environment, annotated with the locations of visual landmarks and points of interest, instead of a detailed 3D model (used in many computer vision localization algorithms), and requires no new physical infrastructure (such as Bluetooth beacons). The algorithm can serve as the foundation for a wayfinding app that runs on a smartphone; crucially, the approach is fully accessible because it does not require the user to aim the camera at specific visual targets, which would be problematic for BVI users who may not be able to see these targets. In this work, we improve upon the existing algorithm so as to incorporate recognition of multiple classes of visual landmarks to facilitate effective localization, and demonstrate empirically how localization performance improves as the number of these classes increases, showing the time to correct localization can be decreased by 51-59%. The source code for our algorithm and associated data used for our analyses have been made available in a free repository.
[Clinical detection of polymerase gene of SARS-associated coronavirus]. (2003)

To analyze the heterogeneity of polymerase gene fragment of SARS-associated coronavirus from SARS patients, and establish a RT-PCR method for detecting SARS-associated coronavirus.RT-PCR was performed using SARS coronavirus-specific primers to amplify the polymerase gene fragment of SARS-associated coronavirus from specimens of suspected and established SARS cases. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced. All the obtained sequences were compared with the sequence of published SARS-associated coronavirus, and alignment was proceeded with other coronavirus sequences.Specific amplicons can be amplified from the sputum samples, throat swab and plasma of most SARS patients, and 8 were random selected and sequenced. All of them possessed 100% homology with the published SARS-associated coronavirus sequence, while all the negative controls were RT-PCR negative. Nucleotide-sequence and amino acid-sequence alignment of the fragment BNI109 with other six known coronavirus show that the fragment BNI109 is more close to bovine coronavirus(BCV) and murine hepatitis virus(MHV). The BNI109 fragment showed 75% homology with BCV and MHV at amino acid level.The polymerase fragment BNI109 of SARS coronavirus is highly conservative and is suitable for detecting SARS-associated coronavirus using RT-PCR method.
Ferromagnetic ZnO nanocrystals and Al-induced defects (2011)

ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) capped with polyvinyl pyrrolidone reveal room temperature ferromagnetism. Incorporation of Al3+-ions induce defects in ZnO NCs leading to quenching of excitonic luminescence of ZnO at the cost of an increase in the intensity of oxygen vacancy related emission. Photoluminescence excitation spectra exhibit an additional hump like feature attributed to Al-doping. Saturation magnetization of Al3+-doped ZnO NCs is the same as that of the undoped ZnO NCs. However, a remarkable decrease in the coercivity associated with change in the nature of M (T) curve and electron paramagnetic resonance signal with g = 1.96 is observed consequent to Al doping. The results provide direct evidence of the defects within the core of NCs that are responsible for the ferromagnetic ordering in the Al3+-doped ZnO. The M(T) curve unravels a typical exchange mechanism.
Untersuchungen zur Aktivität der Plasma-Cholinesterase bei gesunden und erkrankten Zwergkaninchen (2004)

In the
 present study, the activity of the plasma-cholinesterase (CHE-activity) was
 investigated in healthy and sick  rabbits in order to evaluate the
 diagnostic validity of CHE measurements in rabbits. Using the
 laboratory results of 30 healthy animals (reference value group), a reference
 range of CHE in rabbits of 178 – 3914 U/l was established. No influence
 of gender was found. The
 influence of starvation, as it may occur in many sick animals  in the
 form of anorexia, was investigated in a group of 10 animals. Repeated blood
 samples were obtained from these rabbits during and after a 24-hour feed
 withdrawl period, and the CHE-activity was measured. CHE-activities were
 significantly reduced 30 hours after the beginning of the experiment. This
 was interpreted to be a result of a catabolic state. Compared to immense
 difference of CHE-activity among the rabbits, CHE-activity in the individual
 animals was quite constant for the duration of the study. However, due to the
 short examination period of 30 hours it is not possible to say how long the
 CHE-activity remained stable in individual animals.
 The
 influence of different diseases on the level of CHE-activity was investigated
 in             
 89 rabbits, which were presented to the Small Animal Clinic of the School of
 Veterinary Medicine Hannover because of disease symptoms. These animals were
 divided into four different disease groups according to the diagnosis made
 (DG 1: different malignomas, DG 2: dental disease and/or diseases of the jaw,
 DG 3: organic diseases without involvement of the liver, DG 4: organic
 diseases with involvement of the liver ). The reference value group showed
 significant differences regarding CHE-activity compared to the disease groups
 2, 3 and 4. No significant differences were found among the disease groups.
 Compared to the healthy animals, sick animals had reduced CHE-activities. By
 dividing each group into two subgroups each according to the severity of
 illness, it was evaluated whether the severity of an illness as measured by
 the overall appearance of the animal and its feed intake correlates with the
 level of CHE-activity. Comparison of these two degrees of illness showed that
 animals with reduced overall appearance and feed intake had generally lower
 CHE-activities. The
 results of this study lead to the conclusion that both animals with different
 organic diseases as well as animals in a catabolic state due to inanition
 have reduced CHE-activity. CHE measurement as a single value in clinical
 cases, has no diagnostic value due to the high individual differences in
 CHE-activity in rabbits. According to our investigations, the diagnostic
 utility of CHE measurements in rabbits is limited to the estimation of the
 degree of a catabolic state or the severity of an illness.
Autonomous mine detection sensors (AMDS) design and performance (2005)

The Autonomous Mine Detection Sensor (AMDS) is a program to develop a suite of advanced sensor technology on a vehicular robot (PackBot). These sensors are characterized as having high detection performance and low false alarm rate. The AMDS program is sponsored by the U.S. Army CERDEC RDES Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD). The CyTerra Corporation solution to this problem is the combination of a Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) and a Metal Detector (MD) which comprise the AN/PSS-14. This paper presents the CyTerra Corporation concept and includes performance results from early government sponsored tests.
Apurinic DNA: Modelisation and Reactivity Towards 9-Aminoellipticine and Related Amines (1989)

Abstract The mechanism of breakage of the model apurinic oliaonucieotide Tp(AP)pT by 9 aminoellipticine and the structurally related 3-aminocarbazole was investigated. Breakage results from the formation of an unstable Schiff base between the aldehyde group of the apurinic site and the aromatic amines. followed by fact β-elimination of 5′ -Dhasphate thymidine. An α.13-Othvlenic Schiff base is then formed which can account for the specific fluorescence observed during the reaction between apurinic DNA and 9-aminoellipticine.
Creating Conformational Entropy by Increasing Interdomain Mobility in Ligand Binding Regulation: A Revisit to N-Terminal Tandem PDZ Domains of PSD-95 (2008)

The two N-terminal PDZ domains of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PDS-95 PDZ1 and PDZ2) are closely connected in tandem by a conserved peptide linker of five amino acids. The interdomain orientation between PDZ1 and PDZ2 of the ligand-free PDZ12 tandem is restrained, and this conformational arrangement facilitates the synergistic binding of PDZ12 to multimeric targets. (1) The interdomain orientation of the target-bound state of PDZ12 is not known. Here, we have solved the structure of PDZ12 in complex with its binding domain from cypin. Both chemical shift data and residual dipolar coupling measurements showed that the restrained interdomain orientation disappeared upon cypin peptide binding. NMR-based relaxation experiments revealed slow interdomain motions in the PDZ12/cypin peptide complex. Molecular dynamics simulations also showed that the PDZ12/cypin complex has larger conformational flexibility than the ligand-free PDZ12. This dramatic change of protein dynamics provides extra conformational entropy upon ligand binding, thus enhancing the ligand binding affinity of the PDZ12 tandem. Modulation of ligand binding affinity through concerted interdomain structural and dynamic rearrangements may represent a general property of multidomain scaffold proteins.
A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in man after oral administration of single doses of benzoylmetronidazole and metronidazole. (1982)

1 Three healthy male volunteers were treated with benzoylmetronidazole suspension (3.2 g equivalent to 2 g metronidazole) in a pilot study to investigate the absorption of benzoylmetronidazole into the systemic circulation. A further ten healthy male volunteers took part in a crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its principal oxidative metabolites after administration of benzoylmetronidazole (equivalent to 2 g or 400 mg of metronidazole) or metronidazole (400 mg).
Dysregulated hematopoiesis in bone marrow marks severe COVID-19 (2021)

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often indicated by lymphopenia and increased myelopoiesis; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear, especially the alteration of hematopoiesis. It is important to explore to what extent and how hematopoietic stem cells contribute to the impairment of peripheral lymphoid and myeloid compartments in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to assess bone marrow mononuclear cells from COVID-19 patients with peripheral blood mononuclear cells as control. The results showed that the hematopoietic stem cells in these patients were mainly in the G1 phase and prone to apoptosis, with immune activation and anti-viral responses. Importantly, a significant accumulation of immature myeloid progenitors and a dramatic reduction of lymphoid progenitors in severe cases were identified, along with the up-regulation of transcription factors (such as SPI1, LMO4, ETS2, FLI1, and GATA2) that are important for the hematopoietic stem cell or multipotent progenitor to differentiate into downstream progenitors. Our results indicate a dysregulated hematopoiesis in patients with severe COVID-19.
Transcultural Identification: The Anthropological Dilemma in Heart of Darkness and Victorian Anthropology (1995)

Abstract This chapter contextualizes Conrad’s Heart of Darkness in relation to both Victorian and contemporary anthropology and travel writing. Critics have argued that Conrad understood little of the Congo to which he travelled; however, we must question to what extent a clear understanding would have been possible. If an objective understanding of a foreign culture is virtually impossible, by what standards of transcultural identification or cultural relativism are we judging Conrad’s Heart of Darkness? We must be careful neither to overemphasize nor underrate the problem of bridging cultural divides. This problem is even more crucial to the argument in that Conrad’s work is often seen to be at the centre of this dilemma in the modernist Weltanschauung.
Outcomes of gynecologic cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international, multicenter, prospective CovidSurg-Gynecologic Oncology Cancer study (2022)

One in 5 surgical patients with gynecologic cancer worldwide experienced management modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant adverse outcomes were observed in those with delayed or cancelled operations, and coordinated mitigating strategies are urgently needed.
Combining and Temporal Multiplexing of Four Pulsed Beams from Fiber Amplifiers by Means of Non-collinear Frequency Conversion in KTP Crystal (2016)

We present method for combining multiple pulsed beams into frequency up-converted single beam, in which pulses are multiplexed in time. In proof-of-concept experiment we combine pulsed beams from four fiber amplifiers with 53% conversion efficiency.