gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The physiological and molecular effects of elevated CO2levels (2010)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an end product of cellular respiration, a process by which organisms including all plants, animals, many fungi and some bacteria obtain energy. CO2 has several physiologic roles in respiration, pH buffering, autoregulation of the blood supply and others. Here we review recent findings from studies in mammalian lung cells, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster that help shed light on the molecular sensing and response to hypercapnia.
Characteristics and prognostic impact ofIDHmutations in AML: a COG, SWOG, and ECOG analysis (2023)

Somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes occur frequently in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and less commonly in pediatric AML. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, mutational profile, and prognostic significance of IDH mutations in AML across age. Our cohort included 3141 patients aged between <1 month and 88 years treated on Children's Cancer Group/Children's Oncology Group (n = 1872), Southwest Oncology Group (n = 359), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (n = 397) trials, and in Beat AML (n = 333) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 180) genomic characterization cohorts. We retrospectively analyzed patients in 4 age groups (age range, n): pediatric (0-17, 1744), adolescent/young adult (18-39, 444), intermediate-age (40-59, 640), older (≥60, 309). IDH mutations (IDHmut) were identified in 9.2% of the total cohort (n = 288; IDH1 [n = 123, 42.7%]; IDH2 [n = 165, 57.3%]) and were strongly correlated with increased age: 3.4% pediatric vs 21% older, P < .001. Outcomes were similar in IDHmut and IDH-wildtype (IDHWT) AML (event-free survival [EFS]: 35.6% vs 40.0%, P = .368; overall survival [OS]: 50.3% vs 55.4%, P = .196). IDH mutations frequently occurred with NPM1 (47.2%), DNMT3A (29.3%), and FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) (22.4%) mutations. Patients with IDHmut AML with NPM1 mutation (IDHmut/NPM1mut) had significantly improved survival compared with the poor outcomes experienced by patients without (IDHmut/NPM1WT) (EFS: 55.1% vs 17.0%, P < .001; OS: 66.5% vs 35.2%, P < .001). DNTM3A or FLT3-ITD mutations in otherwise favorable IDHmut/NPM1mut AML led to inferior outcomes. Age group analysis demonstrated that IDH mutations did not abrogate the favorable prognostic impact of NPM1mut in patients aged <60 years; older patients had poor outcomes regardless of NPM1 status. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00070174, #NCT00372593, #NCT01371981, #NCT00049517, and #NCT00085709.
Statics and Dynamics of 2D Colloidal Crystals in a Random Pinning Potential (2008)

We report the first experimental study of a model system of a two-dimensional colloidal crystal in a random pinning potential. The colloidal crystal consists of monodispersed charged polystyrene microspheres suspended in deionized aqueous media and confined near a rough charged surface. It is found that the static orientational correlation function g6(r) decays exponentially for intermediate and strong pinning, in agreement with theories. The driven depinning is dominated by thermally activated creep motion along 1D-like channels between regions with short-range order. A coexistence model is proposed for describing the observations.
Evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression in nondiabetic and diabetic atherosclerotic mice using PET tracer 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 (2021)

Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist therapies are potentially mediated by anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrates that <sup>68</sup>Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4, a radioligand specifically targeting GLP-1R, detects GLP-1R expression in inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in nondiabetic and diabetic hypercholesterolemic mice. Immunofluorescence staining suggests that GLP-1R is primarily localized in M2 macrophages in lesions. This study describes a new potential tool that may have translational relevance for studies of pharmacological modification of GLP-1R signaling in atherosclerosis.
Swelling behaviour of poly(methylmethacrylate) thick resist layers in deep X-ray lithography (2003)

The understanding and optimization of lithographic conditions are particularly important for irradiation of thick resist layers in deep X-ray lithography. The causes and consequences of radiation-induced formation and accumulation of gaseous species inside the poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) resist matrix are discussed. Thick PMMA layers were exposed to high-energy photons from a bending-magnet beamline at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD). The focus of this work was to explore the swelling behaviour of PMMA resist of thickness between 50 micro m and 1.6 mm. The influence of various exposure parameters, such as photon energy, filtering conditions, electron current in the storage ring, scan length and scan speed, exposure atmosphere etc., on the swelling of the resist are discussed. The effect of pre-exposure annealing of the PMMA sheets and of temperature variation during irradiation was also investigated. Exposure with optimized X-ray spectral distribution, incident power density, absorbed dose and rate of energy deposition inside the resist allowed swelling of the resist to be minimized during exposure.
Development of Clinical Advanced Viewer "CA-V" for Supporting Clinical Practice (2014)

We have developed the Clinical Advanced Viewer “CA-V” for supporting the clinical practice of physicians. The system can appropriately narrow down clinical information based on the problem, and can display the patient’s information on a timeline on one screen. The physician can thus more easily diagnose and decide a treatment strategy, by referring to the aggregated clinical information of this system. The system is expected to enable physicians to more effectively understand the condition of a patient.
The Contribution of Pyroelectricity of AgI Crystals to Ice Nucleation (2018)

The pyroelectricity of AgI crystals strongly affects the icing temperature of super-cooled water, as disentangled from that of epitaxy. This deduction was achieved by the design of polar crystalline ceramic pellets of AgI, with experimentally determined sense of polarity. These pellets are suitable for measuring both their pyroelectric properties as well as the icing temperature of super-cooled water, separately on each of the expressed Ag<sup>+</sup> and I<sup>-</sup> hemihedral surfaces. The positive pyroelectric charge at the silver-enriched side elevates the icing temperature, whereas the negative charge at the iodide side decreases that temperature. Moreover, the effect of pyroelectric charge remains dominant despite the presence of contaminants on both the silver and the iodide-enriched surfaces. Consequently an electrochemical process for ice nucleation is suggested, which might be of relevance for understanding the role played by electric charges in heterogeneous icing processes in general.
X- AND y-RAY PRODUCTION BY TEMPLATE MODULATED COHERENT LIGHT (1975)

In this proposed device coherent electromagnetic radiation, modulated by an optical element called template, produces a field at the trajectory of charged particles whiCh are accelerated by the field and, emit electromagnetic radiation. The template may be a holograph. The spectrum of this radiation depends on the original coherent radiation, the template arid the position of the particle in the field. For existing machines high intensity X- and production is possible and the frequency and polarization spectrum can be controlled. Coherent production (between the charged particles) enhances the radiation particularly at lower energies. This suggests the possibility of producing essentially monochro­ matic photons. Coherent (between photons) radiation production seems feasible. For a suitably chosen field the dominant part o(the radiative reaction force goes to zero near the beam axis so that it does not interfere with the earlier suggested method of particle acceleration with template modulated coherent light. In this paper we briefly described a proposed device capable of producing X-rays and y-rays with a tunable frequency and polarization spectrum. The device is to be used in conjunction with high energy accelerators or storage rings. From here on we will use the phrase y-ray to mean both X-rays and y-rays, unless explicitly specified otherwise. In the proposed device, y-rays are to be produced by high energy charged particles traversing a suitably shaped electromagnetic field. The pro­ duction mechanism is related to, but different from, the one by which high energy charged parti­ cles produce synchrotron radiation. The difference is the following. The intensity and, to some extent, the polarization spectrumofthe radiation produced by the device to be described are variable and can be adjusted. By contrast, for any accelerator or storage ring and a given particle energy, the syn­ chrotron radiation spectra are fixed and often in­ convenient. The proposed device is also related to but distinct from a class of devices which we will refer to as undulators. In an undulator charged particles pass through a static magnetic field which varies as a function of position along the particle trajectory. When this magnetic field is inserted into a particle accelerator or storage ring, the field exerts a force on the charged particles and the so accelerated particles emit electromagnetic radia­ tion. The change in the particle trajectory caused
Reinforcement Learning and Dynamic Programming Using Function Approximators (2010)

From household appliances to applications in robotics, engineered systems involving complex dynamics can only be as effective as the algorithms that control them. While Dynamic Programming (DP) has provided researchers with a way to optimally solve decision and control problems involving complex dynamic systems, its practical value was limited by algorithms that lacked the capacity to scale up to realistic problems. &nbsp;However, in recent years, dramatic developments in Reinforcement Learning (RL), the model-free counterpart of DP, changed our understanding of what is possible. Those developments led to the creation of reliable methods that can be applied even when a mathematical model of the system is unavailable, allowing researchers to solve challenging control problems in engineering, as well as in a variety of other disciplines, including economics, medicine, and artificial intelligence. Reinforcement Learning and Dynamic Programming Using Function Approximators provides a comprehensive and unparalleled exploration of the field of RL and DP. With a focus on continuous-variable problems, this seminal text details essential developments that have substantially altered the field over the past decade. In its pages, pioneering experts provide a concise introduction to classical RL and DP, followed by an extensive presentation of the state-of-the-art and novel methods in RL and DP with approximation. Combining algorithm development with theoretical guarantees, they elaborate on their work with illustrative examples and insightful comparisons. Three individual chapters are dedicated to representative algorithms from each of the major classes of techniques: value iteration, policy iteration, and policy search. The features and performance of these algorithms are highlighted in extensive experimental studies on a range of control applications. The recent development of applications involving complex systems has led to a surge of interest in RL and DP methods and the subsequent need for a quality resource on the subject. For graduate students and others new to the field, this book offers a thorough introduction to both the basics and emerging methods. And for those researchers and practitioners working in the fields of optimal and adaptive control, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and operations research, this resource offers a combination of practical algorithms, theoretical analysis, and comprehensive examples that they will be able to adapt and apply to their own work. Access the authors' website at www.dcsc.tudelft.nl/rlbook/ for additional material, including computer code used in the studies and information concerning new developments.
Anopheles fauna of coastal Cayenne, French Guiana: modelling and mapping of species presence using remotely sensed land cover data (2016)

Little is known about the Anopheles species of the coastal areas of French Guiana, or their spatiotemporal distribution or environmental determinants. The present study aimed to (1) document the distribution of Anopheles fauna in the coastal area around Cayenne, and (2) investigate the use of remotely sensed land cover data as proxies of Anopheles presence. To characterise the Anopheles fauna, we combined the findings of two entomological surveys that were conducted during the period 2007-2009 and in 2014 at 37 sites. Satellite imagery data were processed to extract land cover variables potentially related to Anopheles ecology. Based on these data, a methodology was formed to estimate a statistical predictive model of the spatial-seasonal variations in the presence of Anopheles in the Cayenne region. Two Anopheles species, known as main malaria vectors in South America, were identified, including the more dominant An. aquasalis near town and rural sites, and An. darlingi only found in inland sites. Furthermore, a cross-validated model of An. aquasalis presence that integrated marsh and forest surface area was extrapolated to generate predictive maps. The present study supports the use of satellite imagery by health authorities for the surveillance of malaria vectors and planning of control strategies.
Mechanical Factors in the Degeneration of Porcine Bioprosthetic Valves: An Overview (1989)

Predilection of certain sites of the porcine bioprosthetic valve (PBV) leaflets to calcification and tissue disruption has provoked suggestions that design factors and mechanical stresses may be major reasons leading to degeneration. In recent years, computer based numerical models of PBVs have shown a close association between sites of leaflet calcification and disruption and sites of leaflet stress concentration. These numerical models have also provided a means through which methodical design optimization can be carried out. Increasing stent flexibility, for instance, was shown to lead to an overall reduction of mechanical stresses on the PBV leaflets. Reducing the stent height, on the other hand, was accompanied by an undesirable increase of overall leaflet stresses. Despite encouraging work in this field, more research is needed to further elucidate means by which the structural integrity of bioprosthetic valves can be preserved through a minimization of the adverse effects of mechanical stresses.
Vasopressor Use during Emergency Trauma Surgery (2014)

Most evidence suggests early vasopressor use is associated with death after trauma, but no previous study has focused on patients requiring emergency operative intervention (OR). We test the hypothesis that vasopressors are harmful in this population. Records from 746 patients requiring OR from July 2009 to March 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and stratified based on vasopressor use (epinephrine [EPI], phenylephrine, ephedrine, norepinephrine, dobutamine, vasopressin) or no vasopressor use. Vasopressors were administered to 225 patients (30%) during OR; 59 patients (8%) received multiple vasopressors. Patients who received vasopressors were older, more severely injured, had worse vital signs, and increased mortality rate (all P < 0.001). EPI was independently associated with mortality (odds ratio, 6.88; P = 0.001). If patients who received EPI were excluded, there was no difference in mortality between those who received vasopressors alone or in combination and those that did not (5 vs 6%, P = 0.523), although multiple markers of injury severity were worse. We conclude that vasopressor use is relatively common in the most severely injured patients requiring OR and is associated with mortality. EPI is most often used for cardiac arrest, whereas other vasopressors are used for their vasoconstrictive properties. This suggests that, except for EPI, vasopressors during OR are not independently associated with mortality.
Role of locked mode in the effectiveness of pulsed poloidal current drive regime in the reversed-field pinch (2005)

The close relationship between the locked mode (LM) and pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD) regime in a reversed-field pinch device is described. If the modes lock close to the shell gap then the LM is enhanced and there is a high probability that the PPCD will not improve plasma performance. The physical reason will be discussed. If the position of the locked mode is far from the shell gap then the PPCD is effective with a high probability. LM energy is reduced and the more the LM energy decreases, the better the plasma performance.
Transosophageale Kardioversion bei Vorhofflimmern uber die transosophageale Echokardiographiesonde: Vergleich mit interner transvenoser Kardioversion und konventioneller externer Kardioversion (2003)

Iliustr.
Purification of a human urinary colony‐stimulating factor (1983)

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF), a protein required for the in vitro formation of colonies composed of granulocytes and/or macrophages, was isolated from the urine of anemic patients by using a seven-step procedure. The purified, homogeneous CSF had a specific activity of 1.9 X 10(8) U/absorbance unit at 280 nm (AU). This represents an overall purification of 25,330-fold and a total recovery of 3.8%. Upon iodination of the protein, the radioactivity migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis as a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of 46,000; reduction with mercaptoethanol caused dissociation to a single component of molecular weight 23,000. Only the dimer is active in stimulating colony formation. Urinary CSF stimulates formation of colonies comprising only macrophages in the mouse bone marrow cell culture assay. A neutralizing antibody raised against mouse L-cell CSF did not neutralize the activity of the urinary CSF but did bind it. This may indicate that the relative positions of antibody binding sites and the active sites are different in these two glycoproteins.
New particle formation infrequently observed in Himalayan foothills – why? (2011)

Abstract. A fraction of the Himalayan aerosols originate from secondary sources, which are currently poorly quantified. To clarify the climatic importance of regional secondary particle formation in the Himalayas, data from 2005 to 2010 of continuous aerosol measurements at a high-altitude (2180 m) Indian Himalayan site, Mukteshwar, were analyzed. For this period, the days were classified, and the particle formation and growth rates were calculated for clear new particle formation (NPF) event days. The NPF events showed a pronounced seasonal cycle. The frequency of the events peaked in spring, when the ratio between event and non-event days was 53 %, whereas the events were truly sporadic on any other seasons. The annual mean particle formation and growth rates were 0.40 cm−3 s−1 and 2.43 nm h−1, respectively. The clear annual cycle was found to be mainly controlled by the seasonal evolution of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height together with local meteorological conditions. Spring NPF events were connected with increased PBL height, and therefore characterised as boundary layer events, while the rare events in other seasons represented lower free tropospheric particle formation. This provides insight on the vertical extent of NPF in the atmosphere.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Hop Offloading in UAV-Assisted Edge Computing (2023)

In this article, we propose a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted multi-hop edge computing (UAV-assisted MEC) system in which a UE can offload its task to multiple UAVs in a multi-hop fashion. In particular, the UE offloads a task to its nearby UAV, and this UAV can execute a part of the received task and offload the remaining part to its neighboring UAV. The offloading process continues until the task execution is finished. The benefit of this multihop offloading is that the task execution can be finished faster, and the computing load can be shared among multiple UAVs, thus avoiding overloading and congestion. Each node, i.e., the UE or the UAV, needs to determine the task size for offloading to minimize the cumulative energy consumption and latency over the nodes. We formulate a stochastic optimization problem under the dynamics and uncertainty of the UAV-assisted MEC system. Then, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to solve this problem. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DRL algorithm.
Defects of Mitochondrial DNA Replication (2014)

Mitochondrial DNA is replicated by DNA polymerase γ in concert with accessory proteins such as the mitochondrial DNA helicase, single-stranded DNA binding protein, topoisomerase, and initiating factors. Defects in mitochondrial DNA replication or nucleotide metabolism can cause mitochondrial genetic diseases due to mitochondrial DNA deletions, point mutations, or depletion, which ultimately cause loss of oxidative phosphorylation. These genetic diseases include mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes such as Alpers or early infantile hepatocerebral syndromes, and mitochondrial DNA deletion disorders, such as progressive external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia-neuropathy, or mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. This review focuses on our current knowledge of genetic defects of mitochondrial DNA replication (POLG, POLG2, C10orf2, and MGME1) that cause instability of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial disease.
Workshop report on integrating xml & distributed object technologies (1999)

Provides an abstract of the presentation and a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Pathogenesis of allergen‐induced eosinophilic esophagitis is independent of interleukin (IL)‐13 (2013)

Several studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-13 is induced in the esophageal biopsies of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients and promotes esophageal eosinophilia in mice, following an IL-13 challenge. However, the role of IL-13 has not been clearly investigated in allergen-induced EoE. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that IL-13 is required in allergen-induced EoE. Mice deficient in IL-13, STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)6 and both IL-4/IL-13 genes with their respective controls were challenged with Aspergillus extract, and IL-5 gene deficient with their control were challenged with recombinant IL-13, intranasally. The lung and esophageal eosinophils, mast cells and collagen accumulation were examined. Herein, we report that intranasal delivery of IL-13 promotes IL-5-dependent esophageal eosinophilia. However, allergen-induced EoE is not impaired in the IL-13 gene-deficient mice. In addition, wild-type and IL-13 gene-deficient mice demonstrated a comparable level of mast cells and collagen accumulation in the esophagus, following allergen-induced experimental EoE. Similarly, we found that esophageal eosinophilia in IL-4/IL-13 double gene-deficient and STAT6 gene-deficient mice were also not reduced following allergen-induced experimental EoE. In contrast, lung eosinophilia was significantly reduced in mice deficient in IL-13, both IL-4/IL-13 and STAT6 genes following allergen challenge. In conclusion, our data establish that allergen-induced EoE pathogenesis is independent of IL-13, whereas IL-13 is required for allergen-induced lung eosinophilia.