gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Implications of Mechanistic Ecology II: The African Rainbow Lizard, Agama agama (1979)

The daily and seasonal activity of the African rainbow lizard, Agama agama is predicted in terms of heat transfer models for the microenvironment and the lizard. The models, originally developed for the temperate Mohave Desert and for the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Porter et al., 1973), have been refined and are applicable to a tropical area and a tropical species. Field microclimate measurements and observations of lizard activity and food consumption by different sizes of lizards are consistent with these models. Environmental constraints on activity times, sun vs shade locations, height above the ground and postures are described. The sensitivity of the metabolic predictions to different maximum temperature preferences and behavioral options are discussed. The balance between maintenance energy savings via lower thermoregulatory temperatures and time available in different parts of the microenvironment are examined. A simple predator-prey interaction illustrates the substantial effect of climate in modifying amount of time both prey and predator would be expected to be active simultaneously in the tropics vs a temperate desert. Comparisons are made between A. agama and the desert iguana, D. dorsalis for daily and seasonal maintenance requirements and their implications for seasonal changes in growth and reproductive potential.
Mick Gets Some (the Odds Are on His Side) (1992)

Consider a randomly generated boolean formula F (in the conjunctive normal form) with m clauses of size k over n variables; k is fixed at any value greater than 1, but n tends to ininity and m = (1 + o(1))cn for some c depending only on k. It is easy to see that F is unsatisfiable with probability 1 - o(1) whenever c &amp;gt; (1n2)2&amp;quot;k; we complement this observation by proving that F is satisfiable with probability 1 - o(1) whenever c &amp;lt; (0.25)2&amp;quot;k/k; in fact, we present a linear-time algorithm that satisfies F with probability 1 - o(1). (This result is a continuation of work by Chao and Franco.) In addition, we establish a threshold for 2-SAT; if k = 2 then F is satisfiable with probability 1 - o(1) whenever c &amp;lt; 1 and unsatisfiable with probability 1 - o(1) whenever c &amp;gt; 1. (orig.)
ICOs, the next generation of IPOs (2019)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to recognize the benefits of the initial coin offering (ICO) as a way of raising funds and to present a detailed comparison between the ICO and the initial public offering to realize the future possibilities that this new funding method holds. Design/methodology/approach It is an exhaustive review of the ICO, the mechanism of crowdfunding, the blockchain technology behind it, benefits and current shortcomings of the ICO, and the potential future development of the ICO as a convenient and efficient way of raising capital. Findings ICOs have brought billions of dollars of funding to startups and projects worldwide in less than two years. Concurrently, many successful ICOs yielded extremely high returns to investors and believers of this new way of funding businesses. Research limitations/implications While the ICO is a revolutionary vehicle for business funding, it has raised concerns among users as well as potential investors about its risk and lack of regulation. The future of this innovative funding method highly depends on further development and placement of appropriate regulatory supervision, better understanding of risk and benefits and attaining the confidence of users. Originality/value This is a review of the advantages and drawbacks of the ICO. If the current fraud, market and cybersecurity risks can be mitigated and standardized regulations are developed, the ICO has a future to become an established way of capital funding or even replace the existing options, regardless of the size and age of companies.
Supplementary Figure legends from Inhibition of CDK4/6 by Palbociclib Significantly Extends Survival in Medulloblastoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends describing the supplementary figures&lt;/p&gt;
A Monoclonal Antibody against Human Notch1 Ligand–Binding Domain Depletes Subpopulation of Putative Breast Cancer Stem–like Cells (2011)

Overexpression of Notch receptors and ligands has been associated with various cancers and developmental disorders, making Notch a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report characterization of Notch1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with therapeutic potential. The mAbs generated against epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats 11 to 15 inhibited binding of Jagged1 and Delta-like4 and consequently, signaling in a dose-dependent manner, the antibodies against EGF repeats 11 to 12 being more effective than those against repeats 13 to 15. These data emphasize the role of EGF repeats 11 to 12 in ligand binding. One of the mAbs, 602.101, which specifically recognizes Notch1, inhibited ligand-dependent expression of downstream target genes of Notch such as HES-1, HES-5, and HEY-L in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The mAb also decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, exposure to this antibody reduced CD44(Hi)/CD24(Low) subpopulation in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting a decrease in the cancer stem-like cell subpopulation. This was confirmed by showing that exposure to the antibody decreased the primary, secondary, and tertiary mammosphere formation efficiency of the cells. Interestingly, effect of the antibody on the putative stem-like cells appeared to be irreversible, because the mammosphere-forming efficiency could not be salvaged even after antibody removal during the secondary sphere formation. The antibody also modulated expression of genes associated with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, targeting individual Notch receptors by specific mAbs is a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the potential breast cancer stem-like cell subpopulation.
Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in Hydrogen Stream over Au/MgOx−TiO2 Catalysts (2008)

A series of Au/MgOx−TiO2 with various Mg/Ti molar ratios was prepared to study its catalytic activity for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich stream (PROX). An incipient wetness impregnation method was used to prepare the MgOx−TiO2 support, using aqueous solutions of Mg(NO3)2 on TiO2 calcined at 300 °C. A deposition−precipitation (DP) method was utilized to prepare Au/MgOx−TiO2, using HAuCl4 as the starting material. Au/MgOx and Au/TiO2 were also included for comparison. Investigation was carried out to study the effect of Mg/Ti molar ratio on the catalytic properties of gold supported catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TEM results revealed the presence of nanosized gold particles and narrow particle size distribution on all the catalysts. MgOx was deposited on the TiO2 surface in the form of thin islands without definite shape. MgOx was mainly present as Mg(OH)2. Au particles were deposited on the surface of TiO2 in intimate contact with MgOx. The gold particle size was around 2.5 nm and was smaller than the MgOx particles. Since the surface area of TiO2 was small and the MgOx concentration was comparatively higher than Au concentration, Au should be in intimate contact with MgOx on the TiO2 surface. However, the exact status depends upon the Mg/Ti ratio and pH value during DP process to deposit gold. Au/MgOx−TiO2 with suitable amount of MgOx has higher CO conversion and higher selectivity of O2 to CO oxidation in the PROX reaction than Au/MgO and Au/TiO2.
1-6-Aza Michael addition to chromone derivatives and their application in the synthesis of aromathecin analogues (2012)

International audience
The pulsed optically pumped Rb frequency standards in National Time Service Center (2012)

In this paper we report a laboratory prototype of pulsed optically pumped (POP) rubidium frequency standard. In POP operation the pumping, interrogation, and detection phases are separated in time, avoiding the coupling between microwave and optical coherence. The POP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">87</sup> Rb vapor-cell frequency standard was studied experimentally based on the detection of free induction microwave signal or optical absorption signal. Ramsey fringes were obtained based on <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">87</sup> Rb in buffer gas, with FWHM of 65Hz and 150Hz for microwave and optical central Ramsey fringes respectively. The atomic quality factor was on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> . With microwave detection, the achieved frequency stability was 1.2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> τ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> (τ=1~100s).
Rate of Recanalization and Safety of Endovascular Embolization of Intracranial Saccular Aneurysms Framed with GDC 360 Coils (2008)

Coil compaction and recanalization of cerebral aneurysms treated with coil embolization continue to be of great concern, especially in patients that presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The incidence of recanalization reported by previous studies ranges from 12 to 40 percent in experienced centers. We reviewed the incidence of recanalization requiring retreatment in patients treated with GDC 360 framing coils. A retrospective review of every patient who underwent coil embolization with GDC 360 coils for saccular aneurysms at our institution from December 2004 to March 2008 was performed. We studied the patients' demographics, clinical presentation, aneurysm size and configuration, type of coils used to embolize the aneurysm, the percentage of coils that were GDC 360 in any given aneurysm, the need for remodeling techniques like stent and/or balloon for embolization, immediate complications, cases in which we were unable to frame with the GDC 360 coil, and rate of recanalization on follow- up. A total of 110 patients (33 men, 77 women) and 114 aneurysms were treated with GDC 360 coils. Ninety-eight aneurysms were framed with the GDC 360 coils. There were two patients in whom the initial GDC 360 coil intended for framing had to be pulled out and exchanged for another type of coil. There were five procedure related complications (4.4%). Four patients required intra-arterial abciximab due to thrombus formation. One patient that presented with a grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage had aneurysm rupture while the coil was being advanced. A total of 50 patients (15 men and 35 women) underwent follow-up femoral cerebral angiograms at least six months after coiling (mean follow-up was 15 months). Forty-four of the patients with follow-up had the GDC 360 coil used as a framing coil. Three patients (6%) required retreatment due to recanalization. Every patient with recanalization requiring treatment had aneurysms of the anterior communicating complex that presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The rate of recanalization of cerebral aneurysms embolized with GDC 360 framing coils was lower in our case series compared to the existing literature reports. Patients with aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery were at increased incidence of recanalization in our patient cohort.
Properties of extruded fuel rods for HTGR applications (1977)

Until recently, a small program existed at ORNL and at LASL investigating extrusion as a process for fabricating fuel rods or elements for high temperature gas-cooled reactors. This work was undertaken because of the relative simplicity of the extrusion process over injection molding techniques. Also, in looking ahead to process heat reactors where the outlet gas temperatures of 1000/sup 0/C or greater are desirable, the fuel would operate at temperatures no higher than steam-cycle reactors if in direct contact with the helium content. Hollow extruded rods with a strong continuous matrix offer such a configuration. Advantages and disadvantages of extruded fuel rods are described.
SOME SINGULARITIES OF KERNELS OF LINEAR AR AND ARMA PROCESSES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO SIMULATION OF INFORMATION SIGNALS (2015)

Singularities of kernels of linear autoregressive (AR) processes and linear autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) processes are considered. The paper contains some aspects of the theory of linear stochastic process and discusses a method of estimation and simulation of kernels of linear AR and ARMA processes. Linear stationary AR and ARMA processes, as well as linear AR and ARMA processes with periodic structures are considered. Characteristic functions of
linear stationary AR and ARMA processes are presented. Characteristic functions of linear AR and ARMA processes with periodic structures are presented as well. Розглянуто особливості ядер лінійних авторегресивних (AR) випадкових процесів та лінійних авторегресивних з плаваючим середнім (ARMA) випадкових процесів. Стаття містить деякі положення теорії лінійних випадкових процесів, обговорюються методи оцінки і моделювання ядер лінійних AR та ARMA
процесів. Розглядаються лінійні стаціонарні AR та ARMA процеси і лінійні AR та ARMA процеси з періодичними структурами та їх характеристичні функції.
DNA stability: a central design consideration for DNA data storage systems (2021)

Data storage in DNA is a rapidly evolving technology that could be a transformative solution for the rising energy, materials, and space needs of modern information storage. Given that the information medium is DNA itself, its stability under different storage and processing conditions will fundamentally impact and constrain design considerations and data system capabilities. Here we analyze the storage conditions, molecular mechanisms, and stabilization strategies influencing DNA stability and pose specific design configurations and scenarios for future systems that best leverage the considerable advantages of DNA storage.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study for Nb Josephson junctions with overlayer structure (1992)

We studied metal/Nb structures with Al, Zr, Ta, Hf, V, and Ti as thin overlayers (all transition elements except Al) using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The metal thickness sufficient to protect Nb from the formation of Nb native oxide was 2.0 nm. In structures with Al, Zr, Ta, and Hf overlayers, the oxide peaks in the photoelectron spectra, which resulted from native oxide grown on the metal surface, shifted toward higher binding energies with increasing metal overlayer thickness. These shifts were attributed to the metal coverage and the insulating oxide layers. The oxide insulating properties of the native oxides and the metal coverage of the Nb surface were studied at the same time, nondestructively, using XPS. These are essential factors for fabricating Nb junctions with excellent current-voltage characteristics.
Methylation of H3 Lysine 4 at Euchromatin Promotes Sir3p Association with Heterochromatin (2004)

Set1p methylates lysine 4 of histone H3 and can activate transcription by recruiting the chromatin-remodeling factor Isw1p. In addition, Lys-4-methylated H3 is required for maintenance of silencing at the telomeres, rDNA, and HML locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The molecular mechanism underlying the role of Set1p in silencing is not known. Here we report that euchromatic methylation of H3 Lys-4 is necessary to maintain silencing at specific heterochromatic sites. Inactivation of Set1p catalytic activity or mutation of H3 Lys-4 leads to decreased binding of the silent information regulator Sir3p at heterochromatic sites. Concomitantly, there is an increase in the amount of Sir3p bound to genes located in subtelomeric regions. Consistent with this result is the finding that in vitro, Sir3p preferentially binds histone H3 tails when methylation is absent at H3 Lys-4, a situation found in heterochromatin. The inability of Sir3p to bind methylated H3 Lys-4 tails suggests a model whereby H3 Lys-4 methylation prevents Sir3p association at euchromatic sites and therefore concentrates Sir3p at unmodified, heterochromatic regions of the genome.
Similarity Laws for the Tubular Furnace as a Model of a Fixed-Bed Waste Incinerator (1999)

The enrichment with heavy metals of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerators limits its sustainable use as a construction material. Part of the heavy metals evaporate during the incineration process. In order to determine the factors influencing the volatility coefficients of the heavy metals, the complex processes in the furnace of an MSW incinerator were simulated in a tubular furnace in batch operation with small quantities of synthetic waste. It was shown that the results obtained from this experimental modeling can be transferred to real systems.
Spatial psychoacoustics as the basis for innovations in the field of audio coding and processing (2007)

Digital compression of audio signals is one of the technological fields that has always been tightly linked to detailed knowledge on human perception. Recent advances have extended the sources for bit-rate reduction from a predominantly masking-oriented approach towards additional exploitation of spatial perceptual irrelevancies. New techniques aim at modelling of perceptually-relevant spatial cues using a parametric approach. These parametric methods result in considerable improvements in compression efficiency for stereo and multi-channel audio coders and have consequently been adopted by standardization bodies such as MPEG (standard for audio and video compression) and 3GPP (standard for mobile transmission). Besides compression efficiency, the parametric approach has shown to be applicable to spatial processing methods as well, such as rendering of virtual auditory scenes over headphones or to provide user interactivity with audio content, such as the freedom to reposition, amplify or equalize individual objects in a complex auditory scene. In this paper, the perceptual basis and methods for parametric spatial techniques will be outlined and examples of the resulting compression and processing technologies will be given.
Cerebroarthrodigital syndrome: A newly recognized formal genesis syndrome in three patients with apparent arthromyodysplasia and sacral agenesis, brain malformation and digital hypoplasia (1980)

We describe three patients with a complex syndrome of apparent arthromyodysplasia, dyscephaly, sacral agenesis, and hypoplastic digitis. Cause is unknown, but an environmental cause is suspected on the basis of ergotamine exposure in one case and diazoxide intake in another, together with suggestive similarities to anomalies seen in animals treated with these drugs and to calves with the Australian hydranencephaly/arthrogryposis syndrome caused by Akebane or Aino virus. Pathogenetically the primary defect may be a neural tube-neural crest dysplasia with multiple secondary and tertiary manifestations and deformities.
Motion information plays only a secondary role in sex identification of walking persons in frontal view (2023)

Observers have a success rate above chance in identifying the sex of walking persons on the basis of movies showing only point lights. It has been claimed that observers rely heavily on motion information for their judgment. Here, we studied, for the frontal plane, the added value of motion information over just form information. In the first experiment, we asked 209 observers to identify the sex of frontal-plane still images of point lights of six male and six female walkers. We used two types of point-light images: (1) cloud-like images, showing just point lights, and (2) skeleton-like images with point lights interconnected. On the basis of cloud-like still images, observers had a mean success rate of 63%; on the basis of skeleton-like still images, they had a higher mean success rate of 70% (p < 0.001). In the second experiment, we asked 273 observers to identify the sex of skeleton-like still images and skeleton-like movies of eight full walking strides. The overall success rate based on movies was 73%. Among the observers first presented with still images, the success rate based on still images was 68%, but for observers first presented with movies the success rate based on still images was 74%, not different from that based on movies (p > 0.05). Our interpretation was that motion information revealed what the point lights represented but had no additional value when this became clear. Hence, we concluded that motion information plays only a secondary role in sex identification of walking persons in the frontal plane.
Importance of Many-Body Effects in the Clustering of Charged Zn Dopant Atoms in GaAs (1999)

The spatial distribution of negatively charged Zn dopant atoms in GaAs has been investigated by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. At high densities, the dopant atoms exhibit clear clustering behavior, suggesting the existence of an effective attractive interaction in addition to the screened Coulomb repulsion between two dopants. By analyzing the data through Monte Carlo simulations, we have extracted the intrinsic screening length at different dopant densities and attributed the origin of the effective attraction to strong many-body effects in the dopant-dopant repulsion.
Introduction (2001)

This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the Algerian War and the role of the United States in the fall of the Fourth French Republic. The book attempts put the Algerian War in an international context and deal with it as a world crisis, not simply a French one. It provides some details about this conflict and highlights the attempts made by six chief executives to deal with France's Algerian problem in the eight years of the war.
Bacterial therapy and mitochondrial therapy (2017)

Current methods for treatment of cellular and organ pathologies are extremely diverse and constantly evolving, going beyond the use of drugs, based on chemical interaction with biological targets to normalize the functions of the system. Because pharmacological approaches are often untenable, recent strategies in the therapy of different pathological conditions are of particular interest through introducing into the organism of some living system or its components, in particular, bacteria or isolated subcellular structures such as mitochondria. This review describes the most interesting and original examples of therapy using bacteria and mitochondria, which in perspective can dramatically change our views on the principles for the treatment of many diseases. Thus, we analyze such therapeutic effects from the perspective of the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria as the evolutionary ancestors of mitochondria.
[Case of Hashimoto's toxicosis with occult thyroid carcinoma]. (1981)

A female patient, aged 39 is described, with enlarged thyroid gland since childhood, who developed, within 6 months, the clinical picture of Basedow's disease, pretreated with thyrostatics and operated. The histological study revealed an occult thyroid carcinoma in combination with histopathological changes, characteristic for struma Basedowificata and lymphocytic thyroidits of Hashimoto. No similar coincidence of those diseases of thyroid gland is available in literature.