gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software Qualities and their Dependencies Report on two editions of the workshop (2020)

New trends in software engineering recently emerged to cope with even more complex systems which in turns highlight problems software shortfalls and defects. The SQUADE (Software QUAlities and their DEpendencies) workshop focuses on increasing the understanding of the nature of Software Qualities (SQs), i.e., nonfunctional properties or extra-functional requirements (e.g., reliability, security, maintainability, etc.), and their interrelationships with the aim of bringing them into practice of software engineering. The topic is highly relevant due to the current trend of designing and developing software-intensive systems with larger complexity, increased autonomy, higher speed of changes, and growing need for interoperability within systems of systems. Unfortunately, this new trend comes with more software shortfalls and defects, which are widely and publicly spread. The primary goal of the workshop is to bring together researchers and practitioners to build more solid foundations when dealing with software qualities.
Performance of a negative index of refraction lens (2004)

A plano-concave lens with negative index of refraction has been designed and fabricated. Such lenses have been postulated for many years, but only recently has their realization been made possible through improved simulation and fabrication procedures. We report here the simulation, fabrication, and performance of such a lens. The lens images the source field and reproduces the results of standard Gaussian optics. The curved lens with negative index of refraction in the microwave frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum has been compared to a plano-convex Macor positive index of refraction lens having the same radius of curvature.
Development and psychometric properties of the sound preference and hearing habits questionnaire (SP-HHQ) (2016)

The sound preference and hearing habits questionnaire (SP-HHQ) is a usable tool for profiling the users with respect to sound preferences relevant for HA fitting and pre-sets for audio devices.
Transition metal–carbon bonds. Part XIV. Allylic complexes of rhodium (1968)

A convenient synthesis of complexes of the type [Rh2Cl2(all)4](all = allyl, 1-methyl-, 2-methyl-, or 2-chloro-allyl) is described from the oxidative hydrolysis of [Rh2Cl2(CO)4] in the presence of an allylic chloride (allCl) in aqueous methanol. If the synthesis is carried out in the presence of potassium hydroxide the reactions are much faster and the yields higher; [Rh2Cl2(1-phenylallyl)4] was prepared by this method. With 2-methylallyl chloride and [Rh2Cl2(CO)4] reacting in aqueous methanol at ca. 0° the major product is [Rh2Cl2(2-methylallyl)4] but at 60° only [Rh2Cl2(2,5-dimethylhexa-1,5-diene)2] was isolated. Deuteriation and other studies show that reversible protonation of the 2-methylallyl groups plays an essential part in the formation of the 2,5-dimethylhexa-1,5-diene ligand. Complexes of the type [Rh2Cl2(all)4] contain asymmetrically bonded allylic groups, the nature of which is discussed. Some complexes of the type [Rh2Cl2(all)4] react with alcoholic potassium hydroxide to give an olefin (allH). They can also be used to prepare complexes of the types: [Rh2X2(all)4](X = Br, l, or Ac); [RhCl(all)2L] and [Rh(all)2py2]+(L = py, PR3, or AsR3); [RhCl(PPh3)3]; [Rh2Cl2(cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)]; [Rh(acac)(all)2]; [Rh(σ-all)(π-all)(C5H5)]; [RhCl2(all)]x and [Rh(all)3]. [Rh(all)3] reacts with Na2PdCl4 to give [Rh2Cl2(all)4] and [Pd2Cl2(all)2], or with PPh3 to give [Rh(all)(PPh3)2]. Complexes of the types [RhCl2(all)L2](L = py or PMe2Ph) and [Rh2Cl4(all)2(CO)2], and the complex [RhCl2(C5H5)]x are described. Near-infrared, far-infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonace data are given and discussed.
A 15-b, 5-Msample/s low-spurious CMOS ADC (1997)

A 5-5-5-6-b pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture alleviates the requirements for initial capacitor matching and residue amplifier settling accuracy. The two 5-b most significant bit (MSB) stages are digitally calibrated to implement a 15-b, 5-Msample/s low-spurious ADC using 1.4-/spl mu/m CMOS. A skip-and-fill algorithm with nonlinear interpolation also opens up the possibility of calibrating ADC's in the background synchronously with their normal operation. Interpolation results for the background calibration are compared with the foreground calibration results. The prototype ADC exhibits a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of +0.75/-0.6 least significant bit (LSB), an integral nonlinearity (INL) of +1.77/-1.58 LSB, and all spurious components are suppressed to below -93 dB when sampled at 5 MHz. The chip occupies 27 mm/sup 2/, and the analog part consumes 60 mW at 5 V. Memory and arithmetic units for calibration are supplied externally in testing.
Orbital Ordering Transition inCa2RuO4Observed with Resonant X-Ray Diffraction (2005)

Resonant x-ray diffraction performed at the L(II) and L(III) absorption edges of Ru has been used to investigate the magnetic and orbital ordering in Ca2RuO4 single crystals. A large resonant enhancement due to electric dipole 2p-->4d transitions is observed at the wave-vector characteristic of antiferromagnetic ordering. Besides the previously known antiferromagnetic phase transition at T(N)=110 K, an additional phase transition, between two paramagnetic phases, is observed around 260 K. Based on the polarization and azimuthal angle dependence of the diffraction signal, this transition can be attributed to orbital ordering of the Ru t(2g) electrons. The propagation vector of the orbital order is inconsistent with some theoretical predictions for the orbital state of Ca2RuO4.
MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus (MECOM): a novel candidate gene for hereditary hematological malignancies (2017)

Genetic predisposition due to germline mutations in a number of genes (e.g., ETV6 , GATA2 , and RUNX1 ) has been recognized as an important cause of myeloid malignancies. In the 2016 update of the World Health Organization classification of hematological malignancies, a new section, ‘myeloid
Concise Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-γ-lactones: (4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-γ-decalactone from the Japanese Orange Fly and Enantiomers of Arachnid Harvestmen Isolates (2021)

The naturally occurring (4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-4-hydroxy-γ-decalactone from the Japanese orange fly and the antipode of (4<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>)-4-hydroxy-γ-dodecalactone from the harvestmen arachnid and their stereoisomers are synthesized from the chiral pool material d-glucono-δ-lactone in a few steps. The one-pot conversion of the latter to γ-vinyl-β-hydroxy-γ-lactone, cross-metathesis with requisite olefin, and hydrogenation enabled the synthesis of <i>syn</i>-lactones in just a two-pot operation. An additional efficient Pd-catalyzed allylic isomerization of γ-vinyl-β-hydroxy-γ-lactone led to the <i>anti</i>-lactones in high yields.
Super compact RFIC inductors in 0.18μm CMOS with copper interconnects (2003)

Design of super compact on-chip inductors with deep-shrunk dimension of 22/spl mu/m/spl times/23/spl mu/m, as opposed to several hundreds /spl mu/m by several hundreds /spl mu/m, is reported. Implemented in a 6-metal all-copper 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process, a flat inductor value of 10nH up to 4GHz, satisfactory to many typical RFIC applications, is achieved. The aggressive shrinkage reduces parasitic capacitance substantially and makes it realistic and cost-effective to realize single-chip RFICs in very deep sub-micron technologies. A new inductor model is proposed for accuracy. A 2.4GHz LNA circuit with on-chip matching using the compact inductor is demonstrated.
Preface (2008)

As long as there have been expeditions, there has been expedition medicine. Whether it was Dr. David Livingstone treating his exploration party with quinine as they traveled up the Zambezi, Meriwether Lewis receiving medical training from Dr. Benjamin Rush, James McIlroy amputating frostbitten toes during Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, or Dr. Jose Antonio Cajazeira treating Theodore Roosevelt on their Brazilian River of Doubt journey, expeditions and medicine have demonstrated a natural tendency to intersect.
Effects of T Lymphocytes, Interleukin-1, and Interleukin-6 on Renal Fibrosis in Canine End-Stage Renal Disease (2008)

Canine end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as the almost complete failure of renal function or irreversible destruction and is characterized by extensive glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to kidney failure. Infiltrating immunocytes in the end-stage kidney and several related factors are involved in renal fibrogenesis. A total of 18 renal tissue samples were obtained from canine patients with ESRD using biopsy and necropsy procedures. The extent of renal fibrosis was histopathologically examined by Masson trichrome staining. T-cell and B-cell localization and macrophage lineages were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, and IL-6 levels in the canine ESRD kidney were immunohistochemically evaluated and compared with expression patterns in the normal kidney. Significant fibrosis and infiltrating immunocytes consistent with lymphocytes were observed. Although the B-cell count was increased in the end-stage kidney, immunostaining patterns disclosed a marked increase in the number of CD3(+) cells. Furthermore, the remarkable increase in IL-1 and IL-6 levels suggests that T cells in the kidneys of dogs with ESRD spontaneously express these cytokines. In this study, the correlation between the degree of renal fibrosis and cytokines in canine ESRD was examined. The present study shows that T lymphocytes and IL-6 play important roles in renal fibrosis.
Impacts due to Tailings Ponds on Water Quality and Biological Environment: A Case Study (2012)

The present work was carried out to assess the environmental aspects of tailing ponds of Bolani iron ore mines in Orissa, India. Tailings pond water was slightly alkaline with negligible nutrient contents, trace concentration of metals except Cu, Cr & Fe and low productivity of phytoplankton showing presence of organic pollution indicators. The tailings are non-toxic for biological growth and would not adversely affect the receiving water on discharge or ground water through seepage or wildlife depending on water bodies receiving tailing pond water. After the tailings pond get filled up, the tailings need to be either stabilized by developing vegetation cover over it to check erosion and pollution of downstream water bodies or recycle and reuse of tailings in steel industries are suggested in the study.
NTSC Compatible Advanced Television System and Implications for Studio Standards (1989)

In the broadcasting industry, the transition from today's NTSC to the inevitable HDTV is perceived to be the outlaying of major investments accompanied by the risk of low to nonexistent rates of return. An NTSC-compatible system approach can alleviate the initial economic shock, and with careful planning, can be designed to permit a phase-in period of several years. The migration concept discussed in this paper increments the degree of participation, especially by local broadcasters and smaller production companies, with corresponding incremental improvements in the picture quality delivered to the viewer at each step in the migration. — This paper describes a family of studio scanning standards that are appropriate to each of these levels of quality at the home display. Emphasis is placed on the use of progressive scanning rather than interlace in the first major upgrade to gain as early as possible the advantages that progressive scan offers in production and post-production operations. An exciting new progressive scan concept is described that holds promise of achieving for archiving purposes the full high-definition static and dynamic resolution within the same recording bandwidth required of today's interlaced HDTV equipment.
Co-designing Electrocatalytic Systems with Separations To Improve the Sustainability of Reactive Nitrogen Management (2023)

Humans have altered the nitrogen cycle to produce nitrogen commodities like fertilizers and chemicals while releasing anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr) contaminants into the environment. These contaminants endanger human and environmental health, but nitrogen commodities are necessary for quality of life. One approach to solving this global challenge is to remove and recover Nr contaminants as commodities; this approach has caught the attention of the electrocatalysis and separations communities alike. In this perspective we propose co-design, or the integration of typically disparate Nr separations and electrocatalytic technologies. We consider real Nr contaminant waste streams and Nr commodity purity requirements. Considering these criteria in electrocatalytic system design reveals fundamental gaps in understanding as well as opportunity for developing co-designed technology that is uniquely tailored to address a challenge in nitrogen management. We focus on three representative challenges in nitrogen management (nitrate, nitrogen oxides, and nitrous oxide), identify their sources and conditions, highlight accomplishments in the fields of electrocatalysis and separations, and explore ways to address each challenge with a co-design approach. We note that this approach will benefit from advancements in related fields such as nitrogen sensing and environmental policy, especially because transformative solutions for the nitrogen challenge lie at the confluence of multiple fields. The final goal is to transition to a circular nitrogen economy that secures a food-safe, environmentally friendly future.
Effect of titanium ascorbate treatment on red and yellow pigment composition on paprika cultivars (2001)

Paprika and paprika extracts are commercially used as natural colouring and flavouring agents for foods and are good source of carotenoids. Capsicum annuum plants, cv. Albar, Negral, KM-622, Mihalyteleki, Buketen-50 and Gorogled-6, were treated with Ti 4+ -ascorbate, a biological activity inductor, to study its effect on the fresh pericarp and spice red pepper pigment compositions. The influence of drying and grinding operations on the pigment composition was also studied. The Ti 4+ treatment improved the photosynthetic activity of the plants, increasing the concentrations of both red and yellow pigments in fresh and dry-ground pericarp samples, however, the increase of the yellow pigments was higher than that of the red ones. The drying (55 °C for 48 h) and milling of fresh pericarp from control plants (without Ti 4+ treatment) resulted in a significant decrease of total carotenoids in the cultivars: Albar, Negral, and KM-622, however, Mihalyteleki and, especially, Gorogled-6 plants showed a significant increase. On the other hand, all samples from Ti 4+ -treated plants showed a significant reduction in their total red and yellow pigments content after these conditioning operations. In both fresh and dry-ground pericarps from over-ripe peppers, capsanthin and zeaxanthin and their fatty acid esters were the major red and yellow pigments, respectively. Considering the red/yellow pigment ratio as the main quality parameter, the Ti 4+ treatment, which was able to improve the biological activity of this plant species, did not lead to an improvement of fruit quality because the increase of the yellow pigments was higher than that of the red ones. Des plants de Capsicum annuum sont traites a l'ascorbate de titane, puis la composition en pigments du pericarpe frais et de l'epice sont analysees.L'effet du sechage et de la mouture sont egalement etudies. Ti 4+ stimule la photosynthese donc augmente la concentration de pigments dans la plante, toutefois, le pigments rouges augmentent moins que les jaunes. Par contre, les traitements de sechage et mouture provoquent une baisse dans la teneur en pigments. Dans les pericarpes frais et seches des fruits tres murs, la capsanthine et la zeaxanthine et leurs esters gras sont les pigments majeurs. Le titane ne provoque donc pas d'amelioration notable de la qualite, puisqu'il y a plus de pigments jaunes que de rouges dans les plants traites.
DNA protein crosslink proteolysis repair: From yeast to premature ageing and cancer in humans (2018)

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are a specific type of DNA lesion consisting of a protein covalently and irreversibly bound to DNA, which arise after exposure to physical and chemical crosslinking agents. DPCs can be bulky and thereby pose a barrier to DNA replication and transcription. The persistence of DPCs during S phase causes DNA replication stress and genome instability. The toxicity of DPCs is exploited in cancer therapy: many common chemotherapeutics kill cancer cells by inducing DPC formation. Recent work from several laboratories discovered a specialized repair pathway for DPCs, namely DPC proteolysis (DPCP) repair. DPCP repair is carried out by replication-coupled DNA-dependent metalloproteases: Wss1 in yeast and SPRTN in metazoans. Mutations in SPRTN cause premature ageing and liver cancer in humans and mice; thus, defective DPC repair has great clinical ramifications. In the present review, we will revise the current knowledge on the mechanisms of DPCP repair and on the regulation of DPC protease activity, while highlighting the most significant unresolved questions in the field. Finally, we will discuss the impact of faulty DPC repair on disease and cancer therapy.
A novel calibration strategy for the quantitative imaging of iron in biological tissues by LA-ICP-MS using matrix-matched standards and internal standardisation (2014)

This paper describes the development of a simple and straightforward approach for preparation of matrix-matched calibration standards for Fe quantitative tissue imaging by LA-ICP-MS.
Hydrogen Permeation Measurements on Alumina (2004)

The aim of this work is to measure the hydrogen transport and solubility parameters in the commercial alumina. Measurements are conducted using a time‐dependent permeation method over the temperature range 1273–1673 K with hydrogen driving pressures in the range 10 4 –10 5 Pa (100–1000 mbar). A half‐power pressure dependence (diffusion‐limited permeation) of the permeation flux for alumina is observed. The Arrhenius expressions for the hydrogen permeability, diffusivity, and Sieverts' constant values obtained from a fitting to the whole temperature range are as follows: P =3.3·10 −10 exp(−97420/ RT ) mol·m −1 ·s −1 ·Pa −1/2 D =9.7·10 −8 exp(−79990/ RT ) m 2 ·s −1 K s =5.5·10 −3 exp(−22540/ RT ) mol·m −3 ·Pa −1/2
Quantification in Patient Urine Samples of Felbamate and Three Metabolites: Acid Carbamate and Two Mercapturic Acids (1999)

This method demonstrated sufficient precision for the identification of patients exhibiting "abnormal" levels of atropaldehyde conjugates and may hold potential for patient monitoring.
<title>Plasma-deposited organosilicon hydride network polymers as versatile resists for entirely dry mid-deep-UV photolithography</title> (1993)

Plasma polymerized organosilicon films were used as negative tone deep-UV resists in a new all­ dry bilayer process. Quarter micron thick organosilane films were photo-oxidatively patterned using a GCA deep-UV stepper (248 nm, NA = 0.35 or 0.48) at exposures between 50-200 mJ cm-2. Patterns were dry developed with up to 15:1 selectivity by low energy chlorine plasma etching employing conditions similar to those used for the selective etching of polysilicon over Si02. Pattern transfer into underlying organic layers was achieved with greater than 50: 1 selectivity in a bilayer processing sequence by switching the etching gas to oxygen. The oxide-like etch resistance of the exposed resist to subsequent processing allowed direct, high resolution (0.25-0.35 µm US) patterning of polysilicon and aluminum using appropriate dry etch chemistries. This provides an attractive, step-saving alternative to current bi- and trilevel schemes involving deposition and multistep patterning of hard etch masks such as Si02. Photo-oxidative patterning of plasma deposited organosilane resist films and subsequent RIE development comprise a new, versatile, entirely dry photolithographic process that is compatible with commercially available deposition, exposure and plasma processing tools, and is well-suited for integration into cluster tool technology.
Use of AuSn solder bumps in three-dimensional passive aligned packaging of LD/PD arrays on Si optical benches (2002)

Precise three-dimensional passive alignment of LD/PD arrays on Si optical benches has been achieved by means of AuSn solder bumps. A punch-and-die technique is used to fabricate the AuSn solder bumps to an extremely high accuracy (/spl plusmn/2 /spl mu/m) in bump height. A stripe-type bump bonding technique is employed to attain precise vertical alignment (/spl plusmn/1 /spl mu/m) of an LD array chip. Average LD-single-mode fiber array coupling loss was as low as -9.5/spl plusmn/0.5 dB, and while that of a PD-multimode fiber array was -0.4/spl plusmn/0.3 dB, almost as good as that with active alignment.
Long-Range Temporal Correlations and Scaling Behavior in Human Brain Oscillations (2001)

The human brain spontaneously generates neural oscillations with a large variability in frequency, amplitude, duration, and recurrence. Little, however, is known about the long-term spatiotemporal structure of the complex patterns of ongoing activity. A central unresolved issue is whether fluctuations in oscillatory activity reflect a memory of the dynamics of the system for more than a few seconds. We investigated the temporal correlations of network oscillations in the normal human brain at time scales ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. Ongoing activity during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions was recorded with simultaneous magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. Here we show that amplitude fluctuations of 10 and 20 Hz oscillations are correlated over thousands of oscillation cycles. Our analyses also indicated that these amplitude fluctuations obey power-law scaling behavior. The scaling exponents were highly invariant across subjects. We propose that the large variability, the long-range correlations, and the power-law scaling behavior of spontaneous oscillations find a unifying explanation within the theory of self-organized criticality, which offers a general mechanism for the emergence of correlations and complex dynamics in stochastic multiunit systems. The demonstrated scaling laws pose novel quantitative constraints on computational models of network oscillations. We argue that critical-state dynamics of spontaneous oscillations may lend neural networks capable of quick reorganization during processing demands.