gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda (2010)

Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to "halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation". However, the corresponding indicator measures the "proportion of population using an improved drinking water source". This raises the question of whether "safe" and "improved" can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this hypothesis by comparing microbiological water quality in 346 different water sources across the District of Amuria in Uganda to each other and to defined standards, including the WHO drinking water standard of zero TTC per 100 ml, and the Ugandan national standard of 50 TTC per 100 ml. The water sources were grouped into six different categories: boreholes, protected springs, covered hand dug wells, open hand dug wells, open water and roofwater harvesting. The paper concludes that the ranking from the highest to the lowest microbiological quality water was: boreholes, protected springs and roofwater harvesting, open and covered hand dug wells, open water. It also concludes that sanitary surveys cannot be used to predict water quality precisely; however they are an essential component of the monitoring of safe water supplies.
Lewis-base adducts of Group 1B metal(I) compounds. Part 19. Crystal structures of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) perchlorate and dibromocuprate(I) (1985)

The crystal structures of the title compounds [Cu(phen)2][ClO4](1) and [Cu(phen)2][CuBr2](2)(phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at 295 K. Crystals of (1) are monoclinic, P2/c, a= 10.037(3), b= 14.518(6), c= 7.672(3)Åβ= 97.82(3)°, Z= 2. R was 0.056 for 709 independent ‘observed’ reflections. Crystals of (2) are monoclinic, C2/c, a= 17.206(4), b= 13.365(2), c= 10.920(3)Å, β= 115.43(2)°, Z= 4. R was 0.048 for 1 091 independent ‘observed’ reflections. Surprisingly, complex (2) is not a di-µ-bromo- bridged dimer, [(phen)CuBr2Cu(phen)], but ionic [Cu(phen)2][CuBr2]. In both (1) and (2), the [Cu(phen)2]+ cation has crystallographic 2 symmetry; in (1), the 2 axis passes through the ligands so that the overall symmetry is close to 222, but in (2) it passes between the ligands, so that the cation geometry is very far removed from 222 symmetry. In (1), Cu–N are 2.045(8), 2.053(9)Å; in (2), 2.006(8) and 2.071(5)Å. The linear anion in (2) has Cu–Br 2.209(2) and 2.223(2)Å. The dihedral angles for each compound differ significantly, being 49.9° for (1) and 76.8° for (2), the former being the lowest value yet observed for a copper(I) cation with two bidentate ligands.
Rationally designed hierarchical MnO2@NiO nanostructures for improved lithium ion storage (2015)

Hierarchical MnO<sub>2</sub>@NiO nanostructures present 939 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> after 200 cycles which is higher than individual MnO<sub>2</sub> and NiO.
Production of LDMNPV in the Wave® cell culture bioreactor (2007)

The development of bioreactor production methods for Gypchek would provide a means of production that can be scaled to a large capacity (production of 20,000 acre equivalents + per year), that is potentially at a lower cost than the current larval based production method, and would generate a product completely free of bacteria, fungi, and other viruses.
Choice of data types in time resolved fluorescence enhanced diffuse optical tomography (2007)

In this paper we examine possible data types for time resolved fluorescence enhanced diffuse optical tomography (FDOT). FDOT is a particular case of diffuse optical tomography, where our goal is to analyze fluorophores deeply embedded in a turbid medium. We focus on the relative robustness of the different sets of data types to noise. We use an analytical model to generate the expected temporal point spread function (TPSF) and generate the data types from this. Varying levels of noise are applied to the TPSF before generating the data types. We show that local data types are more robust to noise than global data types, and should provide enhanced information to the inverse problem. We go on to show that with a simple reconstruction algorithm, depth and lifetime (the parameters of interest) of the fluorophore are better reconstructed using the local data types. Further we show that the relationship between depth and lifetime is better preserved for the local data types, suggesting they are in some way not only more robust, but also self-regularizing. We conclude that while the local data types may be more expensive to generate in the general case, they do offer clear advantages over the standard global data types.
Microbial survival mechanisms within serpentinizing Mariana forearc sediments (2023)

Marine deep subsurface sediment is often a microbial environment under energy-limited conditions. However, microbial life has been found to persist and even thrive in deep subsurface environments. The Mariana forearc represents an ideal location for determining how microbial life can withstand extreme conditions including pH 10-12.5 and depleted nutrients. The International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 366 to the Mariana Convergent Margin sampled three serpentinizing seamounts located along the Mariana forearc chain with elevated concentrations of methane, hydrogen, and sulfide. Across all three seamount summits, the most abundant transcripts were for cellular maintenance such as cell wall and membrane repair, and the most abundant metabolic pathways were the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. At flank samples, sulfur cycling involving taurine assimilation dominated the metatranscriptomes. The in situ activity of these pathways was supported by the detection of their metabolic intermediates. All samples had transcripts from all three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, dominated by Burkholderiales, Deinococcales, and Pseudomonales, as well as the fungal group Opisthokonta. All samples contained transcripts for aerobic methane oxidation (pmoABC) and denitrification (nirKS). The Mariana forearc microbial communities show activity not only consistent with basic survival mechanisms, but also coupled metabolic reactions.
Quantitative structural assessment of graded receptor agonism (2019)

Ligand–receptor interactions, which are ubiquitous in physiology, are described by theoretical models of receptor pharmacology. Structural evidence for graded efficacy receptor conformations predicted by receptor theory has been limited but is critical to fully validate theoretical models. We applied quantitative structure–function approaches to characterize the effects of structurally similar and structurally diverse agonists on the conformational ensemble of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). For all ligands, agonist functional efficacy is correlated to a shift in the conformational ensemble equilibrium from a ground state toward an active state, which is detected by NMR spectroscopy but not observed in crystal structures. For the structurally similar ligands, ligand potency and affinity are also correlated to efficacy and conformation, indicating ligand residence times among related analogs may influence receptor conformation and function. Our results derived from quantitative graded activity–conformation correlations provide experimental evidence and a platform with which to extend and test theoretical models of receptor pharmacology to more accurately describe and predict ligand-dependent receptor activity.
Proposal of a Precision Probe-Tilt Adjustment with the RF Signal Detection Technique (2018)

This study proposes a precision probe-tilt adjustment for an on-wafer measurement system. An original probe station with an electro-actuating goniometer stage was constructed to demonstrate the proposed technique. The tilt angle of a probe was shifted in the adjustment operation to acquire the S-parameter. The acquired S-parameter was analyzed to determine the angle of the goniometer stage, where the probe tip was aligned parallel to the substrate. The tilt angle was repeatedly estimated as ± 0.35 degree, which is over one degree in a conventional adjustment technique by direct observation with a microscope.
Short communication Relationship between Rayleigh wave polarization and state of stress (2006)

This research develops an analytical model (using Stroh’s formalism) to predict the affect of applied stress on the wave speed and the polarization of Rayleigh surface waves. Simulation results are then used to demonstrate that the polarization of a Rayleigh wave (which is reference-free) could be more sensitive than wave speed as an indicator of the state of stress.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies Do Not Seem to Be Associated With Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Control Study (1997)

Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are associated with venous thromboembolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In patients without SLE, but with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) this association is established only for patients with lupus anticoagulant (LA). In a case-controlled study APAs were determined in 171 consecutive outpatients who underwent phlebography at the first episode of clinically suspected DVT of lower limbs. Phlebography confirmed the presence of DVT in 54 (32%) patients and excluded it in 117. Antiphospholipid antibodies (exluding LA) were detected in 5 (9.2%) of the 54 patients with DVT and in 7 (5.9%) of the 117 subjects without DVT, The prevalence of APAs tended to be higher in patients with DVT than in patients without DVT, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3%). Antiphospholipid antibodies in the absence of LA are not associated with DVT in symptomatic patients. Therefore future studies should be performed before changing our clinical approach in APA-A positive but LA-negative patients. Key Words: Antiphospholipid antibodies-Deep vein thrombosis.
A Novel Biased Anti-Parallel Schottky Diode Structure for Subharmonic Mixing (1994)

Subharmonically pumped mixers using zero-biased anti-parallel Schottky diode pairs produce good results, but require a larger LO power than biased Schottky diodes. Presented here is a novel planar-diode anti-parallel pair that allows independent biasing of the two diodes. This diode pair is integrated into a quasi-optical wideband receiver and the RF measurements on a 1.2-/spl mu/m anode diameter pair show a reduced LO power requirement at 180 GHz by a factor of 2 to 3 with a similar DSB conversion loss and noise temperature (9.7 dB and 1850 K) to an unbiased Schottky diode pair. This structure has potential for applications at submillimeter-wave frequencies where a large amount of LO power is not easily available. >
Variations of surfactant monolayer surface density in induced steady wave regime (2005)

Fluctuations of an insoluble surfactant concentration along the free liquid surface induced by steady surface waves are considered theoretically. The energy of a waved surface is assumed to consist of surface tension, curvature, and van der Waals energy components. Dependencies of the surface tension and the bending stiffness versus the surfactant concentration are assumed to be linear relative to some reference level. The van der Waals energy is taken in the form of interaction term for a thin film. Minimization of the total energy allows the expression for the deviations of concentration to be obtained. The distribution of a surfactant concentration relative to some reference level has been found to be periodic, with a period that is half of the wave period, and the amplitude of oscillations is a function of a wave number that is very similar to the Landau expansion of the free-energy near the critical point in phase transitions.
Optical Performance Monitoring in Digital Coherent Receivers (2009)

In this paper, we present a method for combined fiber parameter estimation from digital filter coefficients of a polarization diverse coherent receiver. All deterministic linear optical channel parameters like residual chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) are continuously monitored by analysis of the filter impulse response of the adaptive equalizer. After deriving the according equations from the theoretical linear fiber channel model, we demonstrate robust estimation for a joint combination of all impairments.
A Comparison Of Gamma, Neutron And Proton Irradiations Of Multimode Fibers (1987)

A set of both pure and doped silica core multimode fibers was irradiated in either pure gamma, pure proton, or mixed neutron-gamma irradiation fields. All parameters were maintained as nearly identical as practical so that a comparison of the effects of each type of irradiation could be made.
Paleopathological and biomolecular study of tuberculosis in a medieval skeletal collection from England (2001)

Nine human skeletons of medieval date from a rural English burial site show signs of skeletal tuberculosis. They were subject to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays aimed at detecting traces of DNA from infecting mycobacteria, with the purpose both of confirming the paleopathological diagnosis of tuberculosis and determining in individual cases whether disease was due to M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. In all nine cases, evidence for M. tuberculosis complex DNA was found, and in all instances it appeared that disease was due to M. tuberculosis rather than M. bovis. The significance of the findings for understanding tuberculous infection in rural agrarian communities in medieval England is discussed.
History and perspective of population-based breast cancer screening in Japan (2021)

対策型がん検診の法基盤は健康増進法にあり健康増進事業として実施されている。がん検診の指針は，厚生労働省「がん検診のあり方に関する検討会」における議論を経て必要な見直しが行われている。 一方，わが国の乳がん検診の歴史は１９６０年代に遡り，１９８７年に第２次老人保健事業として問診および視触診による検診が開始された。この頃の世界の乳がん検診は，RCT で死亡率減少効果が示されたマンモグラフィ検診であった。日本でも１９９０年頃から評価研究が行われ，２０００年度から５０歳以上に，２００４年度から４０歳代に導入された。マンモグラフィ導入後，２０年が経過した。 国のがん対策推進基本計画は第三期（平成３０年～）に入っているが，「がん検診のあり方に関する検討会」では，今後のがん検診のあり方について協議を重ね，基本条件や検診の利益・不利益等の議論を行い，１）指針の見直しの方向性，２）２０２１年度以降のがん検診，３）新たな検査項目の指針への導入を検討するに当たっての基本的な考え方について，２０２０年３月に中間整理した。 現在の乳がん検診のモダリティであるマンモグラフィは万能ではない。新たながん検診検査法の研究開発，評価が必要であり，J―START で４０歳代における超音波検査併用の有効性が検証されている。優れた研究成果をスピーディに政策に反映できるよう，効率的で公平に導入可能な，新たな評価の仕組みが必要になっている。
Nitrolysis of a Highly Deactivated Amide by Protonitronium. Synthesis and Structure of HNFX1 (1999)

Efficient N-nitrolysis of highly deactivated 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-bis(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1,5-diazocine (1) has been achieved by the use of protonitronium reagent formed in the system nitric acid−trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, producing 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine (HNFX, 2) in 65% yield in a nonoptimized reaction. The crystal structure of the first morphology of HNFX contains cavities in the form of channels through its unit cell; the observed density is 1.807 g·cm-3.
A different point of view on the sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance sensors (2009)

In this paper, the sensitivity of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor is analysed and discussed in terms of the phase change versus the surface mass change, instead of the classical sensitivity in terms of the resonant frequency change derived from the well-known Sauerbrey equation. The detection sensitivity derived from the Sauerbrey equation is a theoretical detection capability in terms of the frequency change versus the mass change, which increases with the square of frequency. However, when a specific application and measuring system are considered, the detection capability of the QCM sensor must be considered from a different point of view. A new equation is obtained, Δφ ≅ −Δmc/(mq + mL), which quantifies the phase shift, Δφ, of a fixed frequency signal corresponding to the series resonant frequency of the sensor in a reference state versus a change in the coating mass, Δmc; mq = ηqπ/2vq, where ηq is the loss viscosity of the unperturbed sensor and vq is the wave propagation speed in quartz, is a parameter which only depends on the physical parameters of the unperturbed resonator and fixes the maximum sensitivity of the sensor and mL = ρLδL/2, where ρL and δL are, respectively, the liquid density and the wave penetration depth of the wave in the liquid, is the equivalent surface mass density associated with the oscillatory movement of the surface of the sensor in contact with a fluid medium. This equation is an approximate equation around the series resonance frequency of the sensor. The simulation results for 10, 50 and 150 MHz resonance frequency QCM sensors probe its validity. A new electronic system is proposed for QCM biosensor applications based on the equation introduced.
Block Copolymer Film with Sponge-Like Nanoporous Strucutre for Antireflection Coating (2006)

We prepared nanoporous films by spin-coating of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers (PS-b-PMMA) to a glass and irradiating by ultra-violet source followed by selective removal of PMMA blocks with acetic acid. When spin-coated PS-b-PMMA was no longer annealed at high temperatures, microphase separation between two blocks occurred only in the short-range scale. The porous films prepared from PS-b-PMMA with the volume fraction of PMMA block of 0.69 exhibited a spongelike nanoporous structure over the entire film thickness and showed excellent antireflection with a minimum reflection less than 0.1% at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The observed reflectances were in good agreement with the predictions based on the characteristic matrix theory.
DDX19A Promotes Metastasis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing NOX1-Mediated ROS Production (2021)

The major obstacle to treat cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the high prevalence of metastasis, which severely affects 5-year survival rate and quality of life for cancer patients. The DEAD-box helicase family has been reported to be a critical mediator in the development and metastasis of various cancers. DEAD-box helicase 19A (DDX19A) is a member of the DEAD-box helicase family; however, its functional role in CSCC is unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of clinical samples from public databases demonstrated that the expression of DDX19A was elevated in CSCC tissues and that high expression of DDX19A was positively correlated with metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Functionally, we found that DDX19A promoted CSCC cell migration and invasion <i>in vitro</i> and lung metastasis <i>in vivo</i>. Mechanistically, overexpression of DDX19A increased NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) expression, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced the migration and invasion of CSCC cells. Rescue experiments revealed that DDX19A-induced CSCC functional alterations were dependent on NOX1 and that DDX19A-promoted CSCC metastasis was abrogated upon the inhibition of ROS. Our results demonstrated that DDX19A could promote CSCC metastasis by inducing NOX1-mediated ROS production and that blockage of the NOX1/ROS axis might serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with DDX19A-overexpressed CSCC.
Expression of a cloned protoporphyrinogen oxidase. (1994)

The previously cloned hem Y gene of Bacillus subtilis (Hansson, M., and Hederstedt, L. (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174, 8081-8093) has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein has been shown to be the penultimate enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) and, thus, the gene designation should be hem G. This represents the first report of the expression of a cloned protoporphyrinogen oxidase from any source. The enzyme is present in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction and is, thus, unlike all previously reported eukaryotic or prokaryotic protoporphyrinogen oxidases, which are membrane-bound. It utilizes molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, and protoporphyrinogen IX, mesoporphyrinogen IX, and coproporphyrinogen III serve as substrates. The diphenyl ether herbicide acifluorfen, which is a strong inhibitor of the eukaryotic enzyme, is only weakly inhibitory. The enzyme has a predicted molecular weight of 51,200, which corresponds well with molecular weight determination via high performance liquid chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition the enzyme contains a putative dinucleotide binding region at the amino terminus, which is consistent with the previously demonstrated presence of a flavin moiety in the characterized mammalian enzymes.
Design of Wireless high-speed USB Connector based on CPLD (2006)

This paper introduces a high-speed wirless USB connector with a CPLD-based MCU.The nRF24L01 is adopted to satisty the design specificaticn of tvansmitting video signals.The mechanism and structure of the system and the design scheme of VHDL are described.The circuit of high-speed wireless USB Connetor and its control crcuit are implemented.The master control chip is based on the design of state machine
Composition ofHelichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. subsp.italicum essential oils from Corsica (France) (2001)

The components of essential oils of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum growing in Corsica were investigated by the combination of GC and GC–MS. In a first part, nine commercial and laboratories-prepared samples were analysed and Corsican oils were found to contain neryl acetate as predominant compound, with amounts from 15.8% (from plants in stage of early shoots) to 42.5% (in full flowering period). In a second part, we sampled Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum from three locations over the growth cycle of the plant. Significant variations were observed in the concentration of the main constituents, pointing out a chemical composition of oils produced from plants in early shoots (higher amounts of ketones and β-diketones) different from that obtained from samples harvested in the stages of flowering (higher contents of neryl acetate). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new macrocavitand from the head to tail four-point capping of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene with a calix[4]arene (1995)

The synthesis of a partially rigid calix[8]arene with a deep cavity, obtained by capping p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene 1 with tetramethoxy-p-tetrachloromethylcalix[4]arene 2 in the presence of CsF is reported.
Intraocular lens optic edge design for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery (2021)

This review provides evidence that sharp-edged IOLs are likely to be associated with less PCO formation than round-edged IOLs, with less Nd:YAG capsulotomy. The effects on visual acuity were less certain. The impact of these lenses on quality of life has not been assessed and there are only very low-certainty comparative data on adverse events.
There remains a role for neuraxial anesthesia for hip fracture surgery in the post-REGAIN era (2023)

Two recent, large-scale, randomized controlled trials comparing neuraxial anesthesia with general anesthesia for patients undergoing surgical fixation of a hip fracture have sparked interest in the comparison of general and neuraxial anesthesia. These studies both reported non-superiority between general and neuraxial anesthesia in this patient cohort, yet they have limitations, like their sample size and use of composite outcomes. We worry that that if there is a perception among surgeons, nurses, patients and anesthesiologists that general and spinal anesthesia are equivalent (which is not what the authors of the studies conclude), it may become difficult to argue for the resources and training to provide neuraxial anesthesia to this patient population. In this daring discourse, we argue that despite the recent trials, there remain benefits of neuraxial anesthesia for patients who have suffered hip fractures and that abandoning offering neuraxial anesthesia to these patients would be an error.