gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C1-Esterase Inhibitor Prevents Early Pulmonary Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation in the Dog (1997)

The success of lung transplantation to a large extent depends on effective protection of the graft from ischemic injury after reperfusion. Although mechanisms have not been clarified, the pathologic findings of ischemic injury after reperfusion are similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome, a condition in which the blood coagulation contact system is activated. This study evaluates the effect of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), the main inhibitor of the blood coagulation contact system, on short-term lung function in a dog model of orthotopic lung transplantation. Twelve lung transplantations were performed after 24 h of ischemic time. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle (Control) or C1-INH. After the lung transplantation in the control group, Pao2 decreased by 84% and both the AaPO2 and the Qs/Qt% increased (340 and 530%, respectively, p < 0.01); these parameters remained unchanged in the C1-INH group. The hypoxemia observed in control animals was associated with decreased blood coagulation contact factors, complement consumption, increased expression of adhesion glycoproteins in leukocytes, and extensive intraalveolar and interstitial neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, C1-INH administration prevented hypoxemia, the decrease in blood coagulation contact factors, the activation of the complement system, the increase in expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, and inflammatory cell infiltrate. This study has demonstrated that in a dog model of lung transplantation, the administration of C1-INH prevents early pulmonary dysfunction, and it suggests that activation of blood coagulation contact system and complement are important mechanisms causing ischemic injury after reperfusion.
ChemInform Abstract: FUENFFACH KOORDINIERTE AKTIONISCHE KOMPLEXE DES TYPS (IR(CO)(X)L(5‐X))(+) MIT X=1‐3 UND L GLEICH DIMETHYLPHENYL‐PHOSPHIN ODER ‐ARSIN (1971)

Abstract Die kationischen fünffach koordinierten Komplexe (II), die als Tetraphenylborate bzw. Perchlorate isoliert wurden und leicht ineinander umwandelbar sind, werden durch Umsetzung des trans‐Komplexes (I) mit CO und/oder dem entsprechenden Liganden dargestellt.
Transient expression of optimized and synthesized nattokinase gene in melon (<i>Cucumis melo</i> L.) fruit by agroinfiltration (2015)

A synthetic gene (sNK) encoding Nattokinase (NK) was constructed by modifying its sequence based on the codon usage in plants. A version (sNKi) incorporating the first intron from the tomato E8 gene was also constructed. The synthetic sNK and sNKi genes were transiently expressed in melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and fibrinolytic activity assays showed that the expression level of recombinant NK controlled by E8 promoter was higher than that controlled by 35S promoter, with the maximum fibrinolytic activity of 79.30 U ml−1. The intron could enhance the expression of sNK to an extent of 27.42%. Orthogonal tests determined the optimal agroinfiltration as: an acetosyringone concentration of 0.25 mM, an OD600=0.6 and harvesting 5 days after infiltration.
ALTERED NOCTURNAL DECLINE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (2004)

Hermida, R C; Calvo, C; Ayala, D E; Lopez, J E; Dominguez, M J; Covelo, M; Fontao, M J; Soler, R; Mojon, A; Fernandez, J R Author Information
Cultivation of syntrophic anaerobic bacteria in membrane-separated culture devices (1987)

A dialysis culture device was used for growth of syntrophic fatty acid-oxidizing and ethanol-oxidizing anaerobic bacteria. A pure culture of the fatty acid oxidizer Clostridium bryantii was grown inside dialysis tubing which was surrounded by a pure culture of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. The same apparatus was used for the syntrophic cultivation of Pelobacter acetylenicus and Acetobacterium woodii with ethanol as substrate. In both cases, substrate degradation and product formation were about half as fast as with the homogeneously mixed control cultures. In the compartment of the hydrogen producer, the concentration of free hydrogen during syntrophic ethanol degradation was about 10 times as high as in that of the hydrogen utilizer, whereas the homogeneously mixed culture exhibited an intermediate hydrogen partial pressure.
The γ-aminobutyric acid transporter and its interaction with taurine in the apical membrane of the bovine retinal pigment epithelium (1992)

The characteristics of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake were investigated in apical membrane vesicles prepared from the bovine retinal pigment epithelium. An inwardly directed NaCl gradient stimulated GABA uptake markedly, and the time course of uptake exhibited an overshoot phenomenon indicating the presence of an active transport mechanism for GABA in these membranes. Other monovalent cations were not capable of substituting for Na+. In addition to this obligatory requirement for Na+, the GABA uptake also exhibited a Cl(-)-dependence, evident from the observations that the uptake was negligible in the presence of NaF or sodium gluconate in place of NaCl. NO3- and SCN- could substitute for Cl- to some extent. The uptake process was electrogenic, with a Na+/Cl-/GABA stoichiometry of 2:1:1 or 3:1:1. Substrate-specificity studies showed that the beta-amino acids such as taurine, hypotaurine and beta-alanine interacted with the GABA uptake process. Uptake of GABA could be completely inhibited by an excess of taurine and, similarly, uptake of taurine could be completely inhibited by an excess of GABA, suggesting that common transport processes operate in the uptake of these two compounds. However, a number of compounds which are specific inhibitors of GABA uptake inhibited taurine uptake only to a maximum of 50%. Kinetic analysis of GABA uptake in the concentration range 0.1-10 microM revealed that the uptake occurred via a single system and that taurine was a competitive inhibitor of this system. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Kt) for GABA was 0.94 microM and the apparent inhibition constant (Ki) for taurine was 230 microM. On the contrary, even though the kinetic analysis of taurine uptake in the concentration range 25-150 microM revealed participation of a single system in the uptake process, the inhibition of taurine uptake by GABA was not competitive. The presence of GABA decreased the maximal velocity of the taurine uptake process and also decreased the Kt for taurine. Based on these data, it is proposed that: (i) there are two distinct transport systems, namely the GABA transporter and the taurine transporter, in these membranes which accept both GABA and taurine as substrates, (ii) the affinities of these systems for taurine are very similar and cannot be kinetically distinguished under the experimental conditions employed, and (iii) the difference between the affinities of these system for GABA is much greater than for taurine.
Structure and Activity Analyses of Escherichia coli K-12 NagD Provide Insight into the Evolution of Biochemical Function in the Haloalkanoic Acid Dehalogenase Superfamily, (2006)

The HAD superfamily is a large superfamily of proteins which share a conserved core domain that provides those active site residues responsible for the chemistry common to all family members. The superfamily is further divided into the four subfamilies I, IIA, IIB, and III, based on the topology and insertion site of a cap domain that provides substrate specificity. This structural and functional division implies that members of a given HAD structural subclass may target substrates that have similar structural characteristics. To understand the structure/function relationships in all of the subfamilies, a type IIA subfamily member, NagD from Escherichia coli K-12, was selected (type I, IIB, and III members have been more extensively studied). The structure of the NagD protein was solved to 1.80 A with R(work) = 19.8% and R(free) = 21.8%. Substrate screening and kinetic analysis showed NagD to have high specificity for nucleotide monophosphates with k(cat)/K(m) = 3.12 x 10(4) and 1.28 x 10(4) microM(-)(1) s(-)(1) for UMP and GMP, respectively. This specificity is consistent with the presence of analogues of NagD that exist as fusion proteins with a nucleotide pyrophosphatase from the Nudix family. Docking of the nucleoside substrate in the active site brings it in contact with conserved residues from the cap domain that can act as a substrate specificity loop (NagD residues 144-149) in the type IIA subfamily. NagD and other subfamily IIA and IIB members show the common trait that substrate specificity and catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) are low (1 x 10(4) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)) and the boundaries defining physiological substrates are somewhat overlapping. The ability to catabolize other related secondary metabolites indicates that there is regulation at the genetic level.
A buoyancy-driven squeeze-film model of intrapleural fluid dynamics: basic concepts (1994)

We propose a new model of pleural liquid mechanics in the apneic animal based on the observation that the lung, in its position within the serous fluid of the chest, is a buoyant object with few physical connections to the chest. The buoyancy force due to the lung's low density causes the lung to rise within the chest, which in turn causes fluid to be squeezed out from the regions above the lung. The result is the transient component of the downward flow of intrapleural liquid and the less-than-hydrostatic vertical intrapleural pressure gradient observed by other investigators. For the purposes of mathematical simplicity, we have modeled the lung and chest wall of a horizontal animal as a pair of concentric cylinders separated by a narrow gap representing the pleural space. In this first version of the model, we treat the pleurae of the lung and chest wall as impermeable rigid boundaries, but despite these limitations, our mathematical analysis agrees with observations from a number of groups and explains the flow direction from top to bottom as well as the reported changes in vertical pressure gradient in response to a change in body orientation.
Aromatic Ionomers with Highly Acidic Sulfonate Groups: Acidity, Hydration, and Proton Conductivity (2011)

A novel sulfonation method that involves iridium-catalyzed aromatic C–H activation/borylation and subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with sulfonated phenyl bromides was developed for the preparation of aromatic ionomers. Superacidic fluoroalkyl sulfonic acid and less acidic aryl and alkyl sulfonic acids were efficiently incorporated into the aromatic ring of model polystyrene, and the resulting sulfonated ionomers were characterized for their properties as proton-conducting membranes. The membrane properties of ionomers containing sulfonic acid groups with different acidity strengths were compared to study the effect of acidity on the water properties, proton conductivity, and morphology. The superacidic fluoroalkyl sulfonated ionomer (sPS-S1) exhibited a significantly higher proton conductivity than that of the less acidic aryl and alkyl sulfonated ionomers (sPS-S2 and sPS-S3, respectively) at low relative humidity, despite a lower ion exchange capacity and lower water uptake. Hydration behaviors of the ionomers as a function of relative humidity were studied to correlate the acid strength of the sulfonates and water uptake properties. Morphology studies of the sulfonated ionomers show that sPS-S1 has a larger hydrophilic domain than that of sPS-S3. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to understand the origin of the improved proton conductivity of the superacidic ionomer at the molecular level. These simulations suggest that the enhanced proton conductivity of sPS-S1 is due to the cumulative effect of higher acidity of the sulfonate, which leads to increased dissociation to hydronium ions and a higher degree of ionic character in the sulfonate, and better solvation of the sulfonate with water molecules.
Preparation of β-glucan scaffolds by hydrogel foaming with supercritical CO2 (2016)

New materials and processing techniques are being constantly developed for the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Traditionally, foaming of polymers with supercritical fluids is one of the procedures used to create porous matrices. However, this technique cannot be applied to hydrophilic polymers which suffer degradation below their melting temperature. Foaming of hydrogels is an alternative to conventional gas foaming for the processing of hydrophilic polymers by dissolution of supercritical CO2 in the water of the hydrogels [1]. Through a fast depressurization, a highly porous structure is obtained, which results in the foamed matrix of polymer after water removal. In this work, Î²-glucan aerogels are produced by hydrogel foaming with supercritical CO2. Among polysaccharides, Î²-glucans have not been widely explored yet for tissue engineering applications. Depending on their origin, they posses different structures and properties. In our study, hydrogels were created from barley and yeast Î²-glucans. The produced aerogels were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties and degradation rate in physiological fluids.
The Cavium 32 Core OCTEON II 68xx (2011)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: Cavium 32 core OCTEON II 68xx; power scalability; cache coherence; interconnect bandwidth; memory bandwidth; chip floorplan; hardware work queueing; scheduling; synchronization; ordering assist; and coprocessor acceleration.
General-purpose systolic arrays (1993)

The extension of systolic array architecture from fixed- or special-purpose architectures to general-purpose, SIMD (single-instruction stream, multiple-data stream), MIMD (multiple-instruction stream, multiple-data stream) architectures, and hybrid architectures that combine both commercial and FPGA (field-programmable gate array) technologies is chronicled. The authors present a taxonomy for systolic organizations, discuss each architecture's methods of exploiting concurrencies, and compare performance attributes of each. The authors also describe a number of implementation issues that determine a systolic array's performance efficiency, such as algorithms and mapping, system integration through memory subsystems, cell granularity, and extensibility to a wide variety of topologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Uncoupling of co-translational translocation from signal peptidase processing in a mutant rat preapolipoprotein-A-IV with a deletion that includes the COOH-terminal region of its signal peptide (1989)

In order to characterize the function of the COOH-terminal (c) region of eukaryotic signal peptides, a 14-amino acid long segment was deleted from a secreted rat liver and intestinal protein, preapolipoprotein-A-IV. This deletion spanned the c-region plus all potential signal peptidase cleavage sites. The functional consequences of this mutation were assessed using an in vitro transcription/translation/microsomal membrane processing system. Removal of these residues had no effect on interaction of the nascent preprotein with signal recognition particle as measured by a translational arrest assay. Although no signal peptidase cleavage of the mutant was detected, the efficiency of its co-translational translocation was similar to the wild type protein. A postinitiation translocation assay was utilized to compare the translocation capabilities of nascent wild type and mutant proteins as their chain lengths were progressively increased. No difference was detected between the two species suggesting that their initial conformations are functionally equivalent as measured by the translocation machinery. We conclude from these studies of preapolipoprotein-A-IV that (i) the efficiency of translocation is not dependent on signal peptidase cleavage and (ii) structural features present in the c-region of the signal peptide are not necessary for interaction with signal recognition particle or for subsequent targeting to, and translocation across, microsomal membranes.
Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in binary mixtures: Effects on gene expression and DNA adduct formation in precision-cut rat liver slices (2008)

Although exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs mostly through mixtures, hazard and risk assessment are mostly based on the effects caused by individual compounds. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether interactions between PAHs occur, focusing on gene expression (as measured by cDNA microarrays) and DNA adduct formation. The effects of benzo[a]pyrene or dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DB[a,h]A) alone and in binary mixtures with another PAH (DB[a,h]A, benzo[b]fluoranthene, fluoranthene or dibenzo[a,l]pyrene) were investigated using precision-cut rat liver slices. All compounds significantly modulated the expression of several genes, but overlap between genes affected by the mixture and by the individual compounds was relatively small. All mixtures showed an antagonistic response on total gene expression profiles. Moreover, at the level of individual genes, mostly antagonism was evident, with additivity and synergism observed for only a few genes. As far as DNA adduct formation is concerned, the binary mixtures generally caused antagonism. The effects in liver slices suggest a lower carcinogenic potency of PAH mixtures than estimated based on additivity of individual compounds.
Development of a 3-DOF silicon piezoresistive micro accelerometer (2005)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and calibration results of a three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) micro accelerometer utilizing piezoresistive effect in Si. The sensor can detect three components of linear acceleration simultaneously. The sensing structure is a picture-frame type, i.e. the four sensing beams are surrounding the seismic mass. Therefore, the proposed sensor is smaller than the cross-beam type accelerometer having the same sensitivity. Frequency performance and noise problems are analyzed. The accelerometer has been fabricated by MEMS (micro electromechanical systems) technology, and packaged to a ceramic case. Preliminary calibration results show linear output voltage and small cross-sensitivity.
Improving security and capacity for Arabic text steganography using &#x2018;Kashida&#x2019; extensions (2009)

Steganography is a method of hiding data within a cover media so that other individuals fail to realize their existence. In this paper, a new approach for steganography in Arabic texts is proposed. The main idea is that each Arabic word may have some characters which can be extended by dasiaKashidapsila. The ranks dasialocationspsila of such characters and the inserted Kashida, construct a coding method to represent a block of secret bits. Different scenarios have been proposed based on the maximum number of Kashida possible to be inserted per word. The approach was compared to some existing Arabic text steganography approaches in terms of capacity and security. It is shown that this proposed approach outperforms the others with interesting promising results.
Detection and Monitoring of Passengers on a Bus by Video Surveillance (2007)

This paper presents a method to detect passengers onboard public transport vehicles. The method comprises first an elliptical head detection algorithm using the curvature profile of the human head as a cue. This is followed by applying the geometric blur features which are consistent to affine distortion of the image to keep track of the movement of the head within the vehicle. The profile of the moving heads with respect to each other within a length of time can then be used as indicative features to detect the advent of suspicious behaviour of the passengers.
Using KEMET Spice to Create Customized EDA Models for Capacitors (2011)

There are many electronic design automation (EDA) models available from several capacitor manufacturers, but usually at room ambient temperatures, and with no DC bias. It is well known that the temperature sensitivity of the dielectrics creates a known change on the capacitance or the reactive element of these devices, but it also influences the resistive element of these devices. In many cases, the impact on the resistive element is much larger than the impact on the capacitance. With the higher dielectric constant ceramic capacitors used to achieve miniature surfacemount chips, the impact of the DC bias can drive the capacitance down to 10% of the original value as well as influencing the resistive element. The models created for these devices are also impacted by temperature and voltage. The KEMET Spice software was built to allow these models to be compensated by these conditions and models created for all capacitors at different conditions are created quickly and easily.
Load compensation in a lean burn natural gas vehicle (1998)

A new multivariable PI tuning technique is developed in this research that is primarily developed for regulation purposes. Design guidelines are developed based on closed-loop stability. The new multivariable design is applied in a natural gas vehicle to combine idle and A/F ratio control loops. This results in better recovery during low idle operation of a vehicle under external step torques. A powertrain model of a natural gas engine is developed and validated for steady-state and transient operation. The nonlinear model has three states: engine speed, intake manifold pressure and fuel fraction in the intake manifold. The model includes the effect of fuel partial pressure in the intake manifold filling and emptying dynamics. Due to the inclusion of fuel fraction as a state, fuel flow rate into the cylinders is also accurately modeled. A linear system identification is performed on the nonlinear model. The linear model structure is predicted analytically from the nonlinear model and the coefficients of the predicted transfer function are shown to be functions of key physical parameters in the plant. Simulations of linear system and model parameter identification is shown to converge to the predicted values of the model coefficients. The multivariable controller developed in this research could be designed in an algebraic fashion once the plant model is known. It is thus possible to implement the multivariable PI design in an adaptive fashion combining the controller with identified plant model on-line. This will result in a self-tuning regulator (STR) type controller where the underlying design criteria is the multivariable tuning technique designed in this research.
Nanoscale Coating of LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn) Nanobelts with Li+-Conductive Li2TiO3: Toward Better Rate Capabilities for Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

By using a novel coating approach based on the reaction between MC(2)O(4)·xH(2)O and Ti(OC(4)H(9))(4), a series of nanoscale Li(2)TiO(3)-coated LiMO(2) nanobelts with varied Ni, Co, and Mn contents was prepared for the first time. The complete, thin Li(2)TiO(3) coating layer strongly adheres to the host material and has a 3D diffusion path for Li(+) ions. It is doped with Ni(2+) and Co(3+) ions in addition to Ti(4+) in LiMO(2), both of which were found to favor Li(+)-ion transfer at the interface. As a result, the coated nanobelts show improved rate, cycling, and thermal capabilities when used as the cathode for Li-ion battery.