gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide triggers enhanced induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT) and during cutaneous wound repair (1999)

Recently, we demonstrated a large induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during cutaneous wound repair. In this study, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which represents the most important angiogenic factor during the proliferative phase of skin repair. Since keratinocytes are the major source of VEGF production during this process, we used cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) as an in vitro model to investigate NO action on growth factor- and cytokine-stimulated VEGF expression. Exogenously added NO enhanced transforming growth factor-beta1-, keratinocyte growth factor-, interleukin-1beta-, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-, and interferon-gamma-induced VEGF mRNA and protein synthesis in keratinocytes. We could demonstrate that high-level expression of cytokine-induced VEGF mRNA in keratinocytes is dependent on endogenously produced NO, as inhibition of the coinduced iNOS by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) markedly decreased cytokine-triggered VEGF mRNA levels in the cells. We also established an in vivo model in mice to investigate the role of NO during wound healing. During excisional wound repair, mice were treated with L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL), a selective inhibitor of iNOS enzymatic activity. Compared to control mice, L-NIL-treated animals were characterized by markedly reduced VEGF mRNA levels during the inflammatory phase of repair. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced VEGF protein expression and a completely disorganized pattern of VEGF-expressing keratinocytes within the hyperproliferative epithelium at the wound edge in L-NIL-treated mice. We demonstrate that triggering of VEGF expression is a crucial molecular mechanism underlying NO function during wound healing.
Automatic lesion boundary detection in dermoscopy images using gradient vector flow snakes (2005)

The experimental results for the GVF-based method demonstrate promise as an automated technique for skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopy images.
Inhibition of Chromatin Condensation Prevents Transgene Silencing in a Neural Progenitor Cell Line Transplanted to the Rat Brain (2005)

The use of ex vivo gene therapy in the central nervous system has so far suffered from transgene downregulation. Condensation of the transgenic sequences has been proposed to be a mechanism involved in this silencing. In this study we inhibited either histone deacetylation or DNA methylation in neural progenitor cell lines, transduced with a lentiviral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP), prior to grafting them into the rat striatum. The expression of GFP was significantly higher in grafts pretreated with either of the inhibitors. After 1 week in vivo we detected an 11-fold increase in the number of GFP-expressing cells due to the inhibition of DNA methylation in vitro with azadeoxycytidine and a ninefold increase when inhibiting histone deacetylation with trichostatin A. This suggests that a pretreatment paradigm could be used to increase efficacy of ex vivo delivery of a therapeutic protein locally in the brain.
Performance Evaluation of Low-Latency Live Streaming of MPEG-DASH UHD video over Commercial 5G NSA/SA Network (2022)

5G Standalone (SA) is the goal of the 5G evolution, which aims to provide higher throughput and lower latency than the existing LTE network. One of the main applications of 5G is the real-time distribution of Ultra High-Definition (UHD) content with a resolution of 4K or 8K. In Q2/2021, Advanced Info Service (AIS), the biggest operator in Thailand, launched 5G SA, providing both 5G SA/NSA service nationwide in addition to the existing LTE network. While many parts of the world are still in process of rolling out the first phase of 5G in Non-Standalone (NSA) mode, 5G SA in Thailand already covers more than 76% of the population. In this paper, UHD video will be a real-time live streaming via MPEG-DASH over different mobile network technologies with minimal buffer size to provide the lowest latency. Then, performance such as the number of dropped segments, MAC throughput, and latency are evaluated in various situations such as stationary, moving in the urban area, moving at high speed, and also an ideal condition with maximum SINR. It has been found that 5G SA can deliver more than 95% of the UHD video segment successfully within the required time window in all situations, while 5G NSA produced mixed results depending on the condition of the LTE network. The result also reveals that the LTE network failed to deliver more than 20 % of the video segment within the deadline, which shows that 5G SA is absolutely necessary for low-latency UHD video streaming and 5G NSA may not be good enough for such task as it relies on the legacy control signal.
Ecocatalysis: a new approach in the synthesis of chemical platform molecules (2017)

International audience
The Disability Assessment for Dementia Scale: A 12-Month Study of Functional Ability in Mild to Moderate Severity Alzheimer Disease (2001)

The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) scale was developed and validated as a measure of functional ability in dementia. DAD results have been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) randomized, controlled treatment trials of up to 6 months, but results beyond 6 months have yet to be described. SAB INT 12 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in mild to moderate AD that included DAD assessments at baseline, month 6, and month 12. One hundred forty-four patients with AD in the placebo arm of SAB INT 12 were followed up for 12 months. DAD scores were obtained at baseline (mean DAD = 70.1, SD = 22.2), 6 months (mean DAD = 63.7, SD = 25.2), and 12 months (mean DAD = 59.3, SD = 28.9). The rate of decline was consistent across the domains of basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs, as well as the scoring of initiation, planning, and organization. The decline in DAD total scores in mild to moderate AD averages about one point per month, which equates to the loss of one item on the DAD scale every 2 months.
Timing matters: Impact of anticonvulsant drug treatment and spikes on seizure risk in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (2018)

In this cohort, the majority of children with BECTS had a subsequent seizure despite treatment. In addition, ACD treatment and IEDs predicted seizure risk at specific points of disease duration. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these exploratory findings.
High-efficiency guided-mode resonance laser mirror (1998)

Thin-film dielectric waveguides incorporating one or more periodic elements exhibit sharp variations of the externally propagating fields at certain values of the wavelength and angle of incidence that allow coupling of the incident beam to a leaky mode of the waveguide 1,2 . Theoretical studies indicate that with appropriate choice of materials and geometrical parameters, this guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect can be exploited to design polarized, narrowband reflection filters with efficiencies of 100% 3 , 4 . As practical applications of a filter device with such properties abound 5 , 6 , there is ample motivation for pursuing experimental proofs of these theoretically-predicted characteristics. For example, using a GMR mirror as a polarizing output coupler in a laser may require high-efficiency reflection approaching 100% with corresponding mirror transmission of a few percent yielding the laser output light 7 . During the past few years, experimental resonance efficiencies exceeding 90% have been reported. 8 – 10 In this paper, a resonance filter with peak efficiency of 98% is presented and its use as output coupler in a laser cavity demonstrated.
Isotype-specific human suppressor T cells for IgE synthesis activated by IgE-anti-IgE immune complexes. (1984)

The ability of human IgE-anti-IgE (mouse hybridoma anti-Fc) immune complexes (IC) to generate suppressor T cells for human myeloma IgE synthesis in vitro was tested. T cells incubated with 0.1 micrograms/ml of IC that had an IgE to anti-IgE ratio of 1:1 inhibited myeloma IgE synthesis by 16% more than the control (p less than 0.01). Inhibition was also seen with IC in which the IgE to anti-IgE ratio was higher (2:1 and 4:1), but these differences in synthesis were smaller and were not statistically significant (8 and 3%, respectively, p greater than 0.05). Thymidine incorporation by T cells incubated 3 days with 0.1 microgram/ml of IC at the 1:1 or 2:1 ratio was consistently greater (p less than 0.0025 and less than 0.0125, respectively) than by controls. The IC lost their ability to generate suppressor T cells when the cytophilic site on the IgE molecule was destroyed with heat treatment (0% inhibition with IC at 1:1 and 4% inhibition with IC at 2:1). The activation of T cells with IC showed isotype specificity because the activated T cells failed to suppress IgG and IgA synthesis by the lymphoblastoid cell lines GM-1500 and GM-1056, respectively. T cells were fractionated by incubation with IC and then were panned on plates coated with goat anti-mouse IgG. The adherent cells spontaneously suppressed IgE by 25% when compared to controls (p less than 0.005). These cells failed to suppress IgG and IgA. The activation of the T cells was not due to the panning process itself because activation did not occur with cells that adhered to plates coated with bovine serum albumin (p greater than 0.05) when compared to untreated T cell controls or the IC nonadherent population. These experiments extend previous findings that isotype-specific suppressor T cells for IgE synthesis can be generated in vitro.
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) versus full field digital mammography (FFDM): comparison of a system performance using a contrast detail phantom (2009)

To evaluate performance (image signal to noise ratio) of a digital mammographic system working in 2D planar versus tomosynthesis modality, a contrast detail phantom was developed embedding 1 cm plexyglas, including 49 holes of different diameter and depth, between two layers containing a breast simulating material. The acquisition protocol included 15 low dose projections (reconstructed 1mm-thick slices) and a 2D view. Using an automatic software analysis tool, the signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR) was evaluated. SDNR in the DBT images was about a factor two higher than with FFDM (P&lt;1E-4). A more complete visual detection experiment is underway.
Carbonic anhydrase IX, a marker of hypoxia: Correlation with clinical outcome in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (2004)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of expression of CA IX, a marker of hypoxia, on outcome in bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine expression of CA IX in archival tissues of patients included in various therapeutic trials for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Data were collected on 57 patients who first presented with either invasive or superficial bladder cancer. Median follow-up for the 19 alive patients was 110 months (range 12 months to 14 years and 7 months). Median survival was 48 months (95% CI 35-110 months). Median survivals based on CA IX expression were as follows: there was a non-significant trend towards shorter survival for tumour expressing CA IX weakly (median 45 vs. 70 months, p=0.21). The hazard ratio for this variable is 1.5 (95% CI 0.8-3.0). Significantly more superficial bladder cancers than invasive cancers strongly expressed CA IX (82% vs. 52%; p=0.03). For non-invasive bladder cancer (n=28), CA IX positive patients had a median survival of 111 months while the median has not yet been achieved for CA IX negative patients (p=0.9). For invasive bladder cancer (n=29), CA IX positive patients had a median survival of 18 months as compared to 26 months for CA IX negative patients (p=0.94). There was a trend towards longer survival for tumour expressing CA IX strongly. This is likely to be a reflection of the significantly higher rate of strong CA IX expression in non-invasive cancers influencing these survival data.
Safety of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (2008)

Vectors based on recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being extensively explored for gene therapy owing to some of their distinguishing characteristicss such as lack of pathogenicity, wide range of infectivity and ability to provide long-term transgene expression. For many of the same reasons, recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors have also been used as vaccine carriers to elicit immune responses against their transgene products. Extensive studies of rAAV vectors in animal models and in the clinic have revealed some safety concerns relating to their construction and production, adverse events following delivery, potential integration of the vector’s genome into host cell genomes, and the impairment of rAAV-induced CD8+ T-cell responses, which could have dire consequences for rAAV-treated individuals. Further studies to advance our knowledge of the biology of AAV and rAAV vectors are deemed necessary to allow for their more successful application in the clinic.
Rapid systemic signaling during abiotic and biotic stresses: is the ROS wave master of all trades? (2020)

Rapidly communicating the perception of an abiotic stress event, wounding or pathogen infection, from its initial site of occurrence to the entire plant, i.e. rapid systemic signaling, is essential for successful plant acclimation and defense. Recent studies highlighted an important role for several rapid whole-plant systemic signals in mediating plant acclimation and defense during different abiotic and biotic stresses. These include calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydraulic and electric waves. Although the role of some of these signals in inducing and coordinating whole-plant systemic responses was demonstrated, many questions related to their mode of action, routes of propagation and integration remain unanswered. In addition, it is unclear how these signals convey specificity to the systemic response, and how are they integrated under conditions of stress combination. Here we highlight many of these questions, as well as provide a proposed model for systemic signal integration, focusing on the ROS wave.
Block copolymers as bile salt sequestrants: intriguing structures formed in a mixture of an oppositely charged amphiphilic block copolymer and bile salt (2019)

To study the formation and characterize the structure of mixed complexes of oppositely charged block copolymers and surfactants are of great significance for practical applications, e.g., in drug carrier formulations that are based on electrostatically assisted assembly. In this context, biocompatible block copolymers and biosurfactants (like bile salts) are particularly interesting. In this work, we report on the co-assembly in dilute aqueous solution between a cationic poly(N-isopropyl acryl amide) (PNIPAM) diblock copolymer and the oppositely charged bile salt surfactant sodium deoxycholate at ambient temperature. The cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) experiments revealed the co-existence of two types of co-assembled complexes of radically different morphology and inner structure. They are formed mainly as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged copolymer blocks and bile salt anions and highlight the potential of using linear amphiphilic block copolymers as bile salt sequestrants in the treatment of bile acid malabsorption and hypercholesterolemia. The first complex of globular morphology has a coacervate core of deoxycholate anions and charged copolymer blocks surrounded by a PNIPAM corona. The second complex has an intriguing tape-like supramolecular morphology of several micrometer in length that is striped in the direction of the long axis. A model is presented in which the stretched cationic blocks of several block copolymers interact electrostatically with the bile salt molecules that are associated to form a zipper-like structure. The tape is covered on both sides by the PNIPAM chains that stabilize the overall complex in solution. In addition to cryo-TEM, the mixed system was investigated in a range of molar charge fractions at a constant copolymer concentration by static light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, and electrophoretic mobility measurements.
Electron Spin Resonance Determination of Nitroxide Kinetics in Acrylic/Melamine Coatings (1985)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) has been used to monitor the kinetics of nitroxide formation and decay during the photodegradation of acrylic/melamine coatings doped with either hindered amine light stabilizer or hindered amine based nitroxide. In the coatings doped with nitroxide, the nitroxide decreases as the nitroxide scavenges radicals produced in the coating. Measurements of the nitroxide decay rate provide a rapid means to determine the photoinitiation rate of radicals by the coating. For these coatings, the photodegradation rate has been found to be proportional to the square root of the initiation rate. The data suggests that measurements of the photoinitiation rate will provide useful information concerning the durability of polymers as long as the photooxidation rate is roughly constant over the service life of the material. The nitroxide kinetics of hindered amine doped coatings are more complex. The nitroxide concentration rises rapidly to a maximum then slowly decays. The slow decay of the nitroxide concentration in the hindered amine doped coatings together with the high rate of initiation demonstrates the importance of nitroxide regeneration as a stabilization mechanism. The effectiveness of the hindered amine stabilizers is a function of the kinetic chain length and of the lifetime of the stabilizer in the coating. The results found here are contrasted with degradation and stabilization studies in other polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
Two (Z)-Dehydrobutyrine-Containing Microcystins from a Hepatotoxic Bloom of Oscillatoria agardhii from Soulseat Loch, Scotland (1998)

Two (Z)-dehydrobutyrine(Dhb)-containing microcystins, [d-Asp3, (Z)-Dhb7]microcystin-HtyR (1) and [d-Asp3, (Z)-Dhb7]microcystin-LR (2), were isolated from a hepatotoxic bloom of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii from a freshwater lake in Scotland. The geometrical structure of the Dhb units in the microcystins was determined as Z on the basis of NOE and ROESY experiments.
NPC 15669‐modulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophil functional responsiveness: effects on receptor‐coupled signal transduction (1995)

1. The effect of NPC 15669, N-carboxy-L-leucine, N-[(2,7-dimethylfluoren-9-yl)methyl]ester), an inhibitor of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) adhesion, on granule exocytosis and the oxidative burst was investigated in PMN activated with receptor-specific pathophysiological stimuli. 2. NPC 15669 caused a concentration-dependent (1-30 microM) inhibition of the extracellular release of azurophil (myeloperoxidase) and specific (vitamin B12-binding protein) granule constitutents from PMN exposed to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), platelet activating factor (PAF), C5a and interleukin-8 (IL-8). 3. The receptor agonist-triggered PMN oxidative burst, measured as superoxide anion (O2-) production, was suppressed by NPC 15669. 4. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated degranulation and O2-) production were unaffected by NPC 15669. 5. NPC 15669 (0.1-10 microM) inhibited receptor-triggered inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production and the IP3-triggered increase in cytosolic-free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in FMLP-activated PMN, but not in cells exposed to the other receptor agonists. 6. NPC 15669 suppressed FMLP but not PMA-stimulated redistribution of protein kinase C (PKC) in PMN. 7. The specific binding of [3H]-FMLP but not [125I]-C5a to PMN was inhibited by NPC 15669. 8. NPC 15669 suppressed O2- production and the rise in [Ca2+]i in PMN treated with the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) activators, sodium fluoride (NaF) and mastoparan, respectively. 9. The results show that NPC 15669 inhibits PMN responsiveness to various receptor agonists, and suggest interference with receptor-coupled signal transduction in this inflammatory cell at both the receptor and post-receptor level in a stimulus-specific manner.
S232 Clinical Remission in Collagenous Colitis Following Antibiotic Treatment in Seven Patients (2021)

Introduction: Collagenous Colitis (CC) is a subtype of microscopic colitis, which presents with chronic, non-bloody, watery diarrhoea > 3 stools/d. Onset is often gradual, but may be sudden in approximately 40% of patients accompanied by urgency (70%), incontinence (40%), nocturnal episodes (50%), weight loss and abdominal pain. The colon is unremarkable macroscopically with histological changes of microscopic colitis and a thickened collagen layer. Causes of CC remain unknown, however autoimmunity, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, genetic predisposition and post gastrointestinal infection changes are hypothesised. No curative treatments are available for CC, with treatment focusing on short-term symptomatic relief. In our clinic, we have routinely used antibiotic (ABX) combinations to treat CC patients who had failed prior anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy after we observed a marked improvement in one patient prescribed oral vancomycin. The aim of this review was to assess clinical outcomes of consecutive patients with CC, treated with ABX combinations. Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with CC, who were treated with ABX therapy between November 2008–May 2021, were reviewed. Clinical remission from CC was defined as <3 stools/d and <1 watery stool/d. Stool consistency was determined using the Bristol Stool Chart (BSC). Other clinical improvements such as incontinence, urgency and nocturnal diarrhoea were noted. Results: Seven patients (mean age 70 years, 6 Females, 1 Male) with CC initially with > 6 watery stools/d, including nocturnal incontinence were treated with ABX (Table 1). Six patients used combined ABX including oral vancomycin, rifaximin, metronidazole or tinidazole, achieved clinical remission (<3 formed stools/d) in 1-8 weeks after commencing treatment which continued for 10-144 months. Absence of associated urgency (75%), incontinence (100%) and overall improvement in Quality of Life (QoL) (100%) were reported. Continuation of the ABX regimes resulted in sustained periods of clinical remission. Conclusion: In this cohort, ABX therapy successfully induced clinical remission in patients with CC lasting for up to 144 months. All patients reported an enhanced QoL and continued to see improvement of symptoms with ongoing use of ABX treatment. Cessation of ABX treatment resulted in a relapse of symptoms consistent with CC, suggesting that CC may be caused by an occult microbiome infection.