gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the application of W/Cu materials in the fields of power engineering and plasma technology (1991)

Due to their special combination of properties, materials based W/Cu are widely applicable as contacts and electrode materials in power engineering and plasma technology. By means of varying microstructure and tungsten content, as well as by introducing suitable additives, it is possible to optimize the material for quite a number of specialized tasks. The ways to influence the switching properties or the discharge behavior, respectively, are demonstrated with the aid of experimental results obtained in various applications of tungsten-copper materials. Some typical properties of W/Cu materials with different tungsten contents are given. Each type of application has its own characteristic parameters which may lead to different types of stress on the electrode material. Typical ranges of voltage, current, and arcing time are given for various fields of application of W/Cu materials. The examples from the applications discussed demonstrate the wide range of applicability of W/Cu materials as electrode materials. The basis for the advantageous properties of W/Cu is provided by the combination of the properties of the main constituents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimized Waveguide E-plane Metal Insert Filters For Millimeter-wave Applications (1983)

A design theory is described for rectangular waveguide metal insert filters that includes both higher order mode interaction and finite thickness of the inserts. Optimized design data for three- to five-resonator type filters with severaf insert thicknesses suitable for metal stamping and etching techniques are given for midband frequencies of about 15, 33, 63, and 75 GHz. Measured passband insertion losses of prototypes for mid-band frequencies of 15, 33, and 76 GHz are 0.2, 0.6, and 0.7 dB, respectively.
A Procedure for Investigating the Liapunov Stability of Nonautonomous Linear Second-Order Systems (1973)

Utilizing Liapunov’s direct method a procedure is presented which generates sufficient conditions for the stability of the null solution of the nonautonomous differential equation x¨ + b(t)x˙ + a(t)x = 0. This procedure systematically leads to the construction of a Liapunov function for a given differential equation and thus eliminates the normally ad hoc nature of the direct method. Four examples illustrating the procedure are discussed.
Supplementary Table 1 from Alternative Cytotoxic Effects of the Postulated IGF-IR Inhibitor Picropodophyllin <i>In Vitro</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 33K, Table S1. Interactions between PPP and conventional anticancer agents in the ESCC lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Steinernema beddingi n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China (2005)

Abstract A new entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), described here as Steinernema beddingi n. sp., was recovered from a single soil sample collected from a cabbage field in the suburb of Kunming, Yunnan province, China, during an EPN survey in 2002. DNA sequences of both the D3 domain of 28S and the ITS regions of rDNA showed congruently that S. beddingi n. sp. clustered with S. affine and S. intermedium but was clearly distinguished from both. The new species can be separated from all other described species of Steinernema, including the two most closely related species mentioned above, by morphological characters of various stages of the nematode, including lateral field pattern and tail shape of infective juvenile, the spicule and gubernaculum shape of the first generation male, and the tail morphology of the first generation female. Steinernema beddingi n. sp. can also be separated from S. affine and S. intermedium by cross-breeding tests.
Restricted phosphorus and nitrogen intake to slow the progression of chronic renal failure: a controlled trial. (1983)

Twenty chronically azotemic patients (experimental group) with a mean creatinine clearance of 22.5 +/- 9.4 ml/min followed a diet supplying daily, per kilogram of body weight, 7.0 mg of phosphorus and 0.5 g of protein, mostly of high biological value, for 11.3 months. A group of 19 similar patients (control group) followed a diet supplying daily, per kilogram of body weight, 12 mg of phosphorus and 0.8 g of protein for a similar period of time. In the experimental group, the serum inorganic phosphorus, urea, and iPTH (both N-terminal and C-terminal fragments) decreased significantly. The creatinine clearance decreased by -0.59 +/- 0.7 ml/min per month prior to the commencement of the experimental diet and increased by a mean of 0.1 +/- 0.4 ml/min per month during the period of study. In the control group, the serum inorganic phosphorus increased, the serum urea and iPTH remained practically constant, and the mean creatinine clearance continued to decrease at a rate not significantly different from that prior to the onset of the study (-0.50 +/- 0.66 and -0.44 +/- 0.10 ml/min per month, respectively). The mechanisms by which the low-phosphorus, low-nitrogen diet slows the progression of renal failure are discussed, and the practical importance of prescribing the dietetic restriction early in the course of renal disease is stressed.
Dendrimer‐Scaffold‐Based Electron‐Beam Patterning of Biomolecules (2006)

A layer-by-layer approach for patterning biomolecules on dendrimer scaffolds using electron-beam lithography has been developed (see Figure). A self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer is patterned with aldehyde-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers to allow the covalent immobilization of aminated oligonucleotide probes. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1170_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Further Investigations on Phytochrome-Controlled Sucrose Uptake into Apical Buds of Etiolated Peas (1972)

When etiolated pea epicotyls are severed at the ground level and immersed basally into 14C-sucrose, Pfr phytochrome promotes both the uptake of label into the terminal bud and the growth of that bud. Movement of label up the epicotyl requires active metabolism; it is inhibited by anaerobiosis, low temperature, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Increase in bud label is detectable within 15–30 min and precedes the first detectable increase in growth rate. Stem tissues, whose growth is inhibited by red light, show a corresponding decrease in content of label. Sixty to 70% of the label of the bud is carbohydrate; the remainder is found in organic acids and phosphates, amino acids, and cell wall components. The major metabolic effects of red irradiation are (1) promotion of sucrose hydrolysis, probably through an induction of higher β-fructofuranosidase activity, and (2) enhanced incorporation of sucrose into ethanolinsoluble wall components.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Pedrolide (2023)

The first total synthesis of (+)-pedrolide, a tigliane-derived diterpenoid featuring an unprecedented 5-5-6-6-3 carbon skeleton, is reported. Key to the approach is the construction of the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core via an intramolecular cyclopentadiene-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. To this end, a norbornadiene serves as an effective surrogate for cyclopentadiene, which is unmasked under mild conditions involving a complex Diels-Alder reaction cascade. In addition, the synthesis provides a novel approach to a densely functionalized carane in an efficient and enantioselective manner.
The subharmonic amplitude of SonoVue increases with hydrostatic pressure at low incident acoustic pressures (2017)

Physiologically important pressures in the heart and aorta are currently assessed with invasive pressure catheters. The subharmonic signal from ultrasound contrast agents, however, may be exploited to estimate pressures non-invasively. The objective of this work was (i) to develop a static phantom from commercially-available components for easy replication across different laboratories, and (ii) to investigate the subharmonic response of the ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) at physiological pressures within the phantom.
Effect of anticholinergic drugs on the electrical activity of the antrum and duodeno‐jejunum in sheep (1978)

The changes induced in the electrical activity of the small intestine by atropine sulphate, diphemanil methylsulphate, hyoscine butylbromide and prifinium bromide were studied in conscious sheep fitted with chronically implanted electrodes. Increased spike potential activity was induced by carbachol. The mean slow‐wave frequency of the antrum was 7.35 ± 0.18/min with burst of spike potentials randomly superimposed on about 63% of the slow waves. The occurrence of the spike bursts was inhibited for 18—30 min after an intravenous injection of atropine (0.75 mg/kg) and during its infusion at the rate of 0.05 mg/kg/min. The activity of the proximal part of the small intestine, which is characterized by migrating myoelectric complexes moving down slowly at hourly intervals, was replaced by irregular series consisting of spike bursts of about 3 min duration, at intervals of about 12 min for a total of 110 min. Such an effect, in which the level of spike activity was reduced, was also observed with hyoscine, diphemanil and prifinium during 80, 120 and 180 min periods respectively. The injection of carbachol was followed by continuous spike activity in which the mean spike level was nearly doubled, as occurs at the onset of diarrhoea. An inhibitory effect was observed at both antral and duodeno‐jejunal levels with the four drugs used, that of hyoscine being least marked. The effect of prifinium was more pronounced than that of atropine or diphemanil, especially on the jejunum. The results suggest that the ability of these drugs to reduce the level of spike activity accompanying disruption of migrating myoelectric complexes and to inhibit the carbachol‐induced increased level of spiking may account for the antispasmodic effects observed after the use of anticholinergic drugs in gastrointestinal disorders. Prifinium had the longest lasting effect at both antral and duodeno‐jejunal levels and seemed to be a good atropine substitute to alleviate gastro‐intestinal hypermotility.
Simulation Results on Selector Adaptation in Behavior Trees (2016)

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. However as initially implemented, behavior trees are static plans. This paper adds to recent literature exploring the ability of BTs to adapt to their success or failure in achieving tasks. The "Selector" node of a BT tries alternative strategies (its children) and returns success only if all of its children return failure. This paper studies several means by which Selector nodes can learn from experience, in particular, learn conditional probabilities of success based on sensor information, and modify the execution order based on the learned iformation. Furthermore, a "Greedy Selector" is studied which only tries the child having the highest success probability. Simulation results indicate significantly increased task performance, especially when frequentist probability estimate is conditioned on sensor information. The Greedy selector was ineffective unless it was preceded by a period of training in which all children were exercised.
A new fluorometric method for latamoxef in biological materials using 2,6-diamino-3-nitrosopyridine. (1985)

A novel fluorometric assay method was established for latamoxef (LMOX), a new type of antibiotic. LMOX was converted into 1, 2, 4-dihydroxy-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-ylthio) methyl] but-2-enoic acid γ-lactone, in an acid solution. The lactone 1 reacted with 2, 6-diamino-3-nitrosopyridine to give the fluorophore, 3-(5-amino-3H-imidazo [4, 5-b] pyridin-2-yl)-2, 4-dihydroxybut-2-enoic acid γ-lactone. The fluorescence was measured at 460 nm with excitation at 392 nm. In plasma and urine, 1-15 μg/ml and 20-300 μg/ml of LMOX were determined, respectively, with good precision through a simple technique. The sample volume was 100 μl. The reaction mechanism of the fluorescence reaction is discussed.
A SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR HETEROTOPIC RAT HEART TRANSPLANTATION (1982)

A technique for simplified heterotopic rat heart transplantation having only aorto-aortic anastomosis is presented. The heterotopic rt heart survives and functions well when one lung lobe is attached t the transplantation and functions as a reservoir. Iso- and allotransplants are compared by electrocardiogram (ECG) determination and histological examination. Isotransplants exhibited normal heart and lung throughout the 6-month observation period. allotransplants ceased to function by the 16th postoperative day, with the cessation of palpable heart beat over the abdominal wall by the 10th postoperative day. This simplified heterotopic rat heart transplantation model can be operated by nonsurgeons in an unhurried manner with minimal training in microvascular surgery, and can be applied to various transplantation immunological studies.
Development of a visible framing camera diagnostic for the study of current initiation in z-pinch plasmas (1997)

We assembled and tested a visible framing camera system to take 5 ns FWHM images of the early time emission from a z-pinch plasma. This diagnostic was used in conjunction with a visible streak camera allowing early time emissions measurements to diagnose current initiation. Individual frames from gated image intensifiers were proximity coupled to charge injection device cameras and read out at video rate and 8-bit resolution. A mirror was used to view the pinch from a 90° angle. We observed the destruction of the mirror surface, due to the high surface heating, and the subsequent reduction in signal reflected from the mirror. Images were obtained that showed early time ejecta and a non-uniform emission from the target. This initial test of the equipment highlighted problems with this measurement. We observed nonuniformities in early time emission. This is believed to be due to either spatially varying current density or heating of the foam. Images were obtained that showed early time ejecta from the target. The results and suggestions for improvement are discussed in the text.
Histometric study of the effect of occlusal alteration on periodontal tissue healing after surgical injury (1991)

The effect of occlusal alteration upon healing of the periodontium after surgical injury was studied in 62 male Wistar rats, nine weeks of age. An osteotomy was made with a bur through the vestibular bone plate, the periodontal ligaments and into the superficial part of the root surface of the first mandibular molar. In the same session, the occlusion of the antagonistic tooth was altered in the experimental groups by either placing a high amalgam restoration, grinding, or extraction. The occlusion in the control group was unaltered. The rats were killed 70 days after surgery, and examined histologically. A histometric registration of the periodontal repair revealed a significant narrowing of the periodontal ligament width in the non-occluding teeth, as well as significant thickening of cementum at and above the surgical cavity site. The hypo- and hyper-occluding teeth did not show significant changes as compared to the controls.
PLAY!: sound toys for the non musical (2001)

This paper reviews a number of projects that explore building electronic musical things, interfaces and objects designed to be used and enjoyed by anybody but in particular those who do not see themselves as naturally musical. On reflecting on the strengths of these projects, interesting directions for similar work in the future are considered.
Enantioselective Synthesis of ent-Stellettamide A via a Novel Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Synthesis of ent-Stellettamide A via a Novel Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethaneGavin A. Whitlock and Erick M. CarreiraView Author Information Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory for Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 23, 7916–7917Publication Date (Web):November 14, 1997Publication History Received25 August 1997Published online14 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971571lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971571lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Enantioselective synthesis,Hydrolysis,Organic compounds,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Etoposide as a virocidal anticytomegalovirus therapy: intravitreal toxicology and pharmacology in rabbits (1999)

Background: Although Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is now a common intraocular infection, current therapy is only virostatic so ongoing treatment is required. Etoposide was found to be virocidal for CMV in laboratory experiments and it might prove to be beneficial clinically. We investigated the toxicity and intraocular concentration of etoposide (VP16) and its new analogue etoposide‐phosphate (VP16P) following intravitreal injections in rabbit eyes. Methods: First a sequential dose–response was assessed with flash electroretinogram for both eyes of light‐ and dark‐adapted rabbits ( n = 7; one rabbit for each dose) over a range of light intensities before and after intravitreal injection of VP16 or VP16P to one eye; the other eye was injected with normal saline as a control. A multidose study was then performed on four rabbits. A non‐toxic dose of VP16P (50 or 75 g) was injected into the vitreous of one eye on four occasions 1 week apart. A photopic electroretinogram was performed before the first injection and 6 weeks after the last injection. All the eyes from the electroretinogram studies were fixed in formalin, placed in paraffin, then stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope. To determine the time‐course of the intraocular concentrations of VP16P a sequential pharmacokinetic study was performed using a further 12 rabbits. Each rabbit was injected with 50 g VP16P to one eye and 75 g VP16P to the other eye. Three of these rabbits were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after injection. Samples of vitreous were assayed for both VP16 and VP16P using HPLC. An in vitro dose–response assay was performed using third‐passage bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium with fetal calf serum. The effect of a log–dose increment of VP16P on the RPE cell proliferation was assessed using tritiated thymidine incorporation. Results: The electroretinogram studies suggested that VP16 was toxic even with the 10 g dose. For VP16P a toxic effect was noted following injection of a single dose greater than 100 g. Multiple injections of 50 or 75 g VP16P did not produce a toxic response. Histological examination demonstrated significant abnormality only with the 500 g dose of VP16 or VP16P. VP16P was rapidly metabolized to VP16 in the eye, producing concentrations of 2.0 g/mL or more for up to 9 h following a 75‐μg dose. This suggests that the electroretinogram findings following VP16 injections were confounded by a toxic effect of the ethanol solvent (which is absent from the VP16P preparation). VP16P was quite potent, the ID 50 was about 0.1 g/mL for bovine RPE cells in the in vitro assay. Discussion: These results indicate that multiple 75‐g VP16P intravitreal injections were not toxic to the rabbit eye and provide a therapeutic intraocular concentration for up to 9 h after the injection.
The Ratio Between the Toeplitz and the Unstructured Condition Number (2010)

Recently it was shown that the ratio between the normwise Toeplitz structured condition number of a linear system and the general unstructured condition number has a finite lower bound. However, the bound was not explicit, and nothing was known about the quality of the bound. In this note we derive an explicit lower bound only depending on the dimension n, and we show that this bound is almost sharp for all n.
New Enantioselective Entry to Cycloheptane Amino Acid Polyols (2005)

[reaction: see text] A diversity-oriented protocol has been developed for the assembly of densely hydroxylated cycloheptane amino acids via succession of a vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction (VMAR), a Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction (MBHR), and an intramolecular pinacol coupling reaction (IPCR). The plan utilizes D- or L-configured glyceraldehyde derivatives as "chiral" surrogates of glyoxal and N-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]pyrrole as the synthetic equivalent of the alpha,gamma-dianion of gamma-aminobutanoic acid. The parallel, asymmetric syntheses of four cycloheptane representatives proceed with high diastereocontrol and virtually complete enantioselectivity in ten steps and overall yields of 15-37%.
αβ T-cell graft depletion for allogeneic HSCT in adults with hematological malignancies (2021)

We conducted a multicenter prospective single-arm phase 1/2 study that assesses the outcome of αβ T-cell depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) of peripheral blood derived stem cells from matched related, or unrelated donors (10/10 and 9/10) in adults, with the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) as the primary end point at day 100. Thirty-five adults (median age, 59; range, 19-69 years) were enrolled. Conditioning consisted of antithymocyte globulin, busulfan, and fludarabine, followed by 28 days of mycophenolic acid after allo-HSCT. The minimal follow-up time was 24 months. The median number of infused CD34+ cells and αβ T cells were 6.1 × 106 and 16.3 × 103 cells per kg, respectively. The cumulative incidence (CI) of aGVHD grades 2-4 and 3-4 at day 100 was 26% and 14%. One secondary graft failure was observed. A prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) (1 × 105 CD3+ T cells per kg) was administered to 54% of the subjects, resulting in a CI of aGVHD grades 2-4 and 3-4 to 37% and 17% at 2 years. Immune monitoring revealed an early reconstitution of natural killer (NK) and γδ T cells. Cytomegalovirus reactivation associated with expansion of memory-like NK cells. The CI of relapse was 29%, and the nonrelapse mortality 32% at 2 years. The 2-year CI of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 23%, of which 17% was moderate. We conclude that only 26% of patients developed aGVHD 2-4 after αβ T-cell-depleted allo-HSCT within 100 days and was associated with a low incidence of cGVHD after 2 years. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as #NL4767.