gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reference phantoms: voxel vs polygon (2016)

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference male and female adult phantoms, described in Publication 110, are voxel phantoms based on whole-body computed tomography scans of a male and a female patient, respectively. The voxel in-plane resolution and the slice thickness, of the order of a few millimetres, are insufficient for proper segmentation of smaller tissues such as the lens of the eye, the skin, and the walls of some organs. The calculated doses for these tissues therefore present some limitations, particularly for weakly penetrating radiation. Similarly, the Publication 110 phantoms cannot represent 8-40-µm-thick target regions in respiratory or alimentary tract organs. Separate stylised models have been used to represent these tissues for calculation of the ICRP reference dose coefficients (DCs). ICRP Committee 2 recently initiated a research project, the ultimate goal of which is to convert the Publication 110 phantoms to a high-quality polygon-mesh (PM) format, including all source and target regions, even those of the 8-40-µm-thick alimentary and respiratory tract organs. It is expected that the converted phantoms would lead to the same or very similar DCs as the Publication 110 reference phantoms for penetrating radiation and, at the same time, provide more accurate DCs for weakly penetrating radiation and small tissues. Additionally, the reference phantoms in the PM format would be easily deformable and, as such, could serve as a starting point to create phantoms of various postures for use, for example, in accidental dose calculations. This paper will discuss the current progress of the phantom conversion project and its significance for ICRP DC calculations.
WIFI network information security analysis research (2012)

For WIFI networks in terms of user access and data transmission security, this paper analysis major security threat, explain the popular security technology. Propose comprehensive measures to resolve WIFI network security. Put forward WIFI network basic security configuration Program, and intermediate security configuration Program, and advanced security configuration Program. Aimed at helping WIFI network user to establish a secure network application platform.
Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of Glutathione Reductase from Escherichia coli (1994)

Glutathione reductase catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide by NADPH and has a redox active disulfide and an FAD cofactor in each monomer. In the reductive half-reaction, FAD is reduced by NADPH and electrons pass from the reduced flavin to the redox active disulfide. The oxidative half-reaction is dithiol-disulfide interchange between the enzyme dithiol and glutathione disulfide. We have investigated the reductive and oxidative half-reactions using wild-type glutathione reductase from Escherichia coli and in an altered form of the enzyme in which the active site acid-base catalyst, His439, has been changed to an alanine residue (H439A). H439A has 0.3% activity in the NADPH/GSSG assay. The replacement affects both the oxidative half-reaction, as expected, and the reductive half-reaction--specifically, the passage of electrons from reduced flavin to the disulfide. Reduction of H439A by NADPH allows direct observation of flavin reduction. The NADPH-FAD charge transfer complex is formed in the dead time. Reduction of FAD, at a limiting rate of 250 s-1, is observed as a decrease at 460 nm and an increase at 670 nm (FADH(-)-NADP+ charge transfer). Subsequent passage of electrons from FADH- to the disulfide (increase at 460 nm and a decrease at 670 nm) is very slow (6-7 s-1) and concentration independent in H439A. The monophasic oxidative half-reaction is very slow, as expected for reduced H439A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intra-Articular Implantation of Stromal Vascular Fraction Plus Platelet Rich Plasma in a Degenerative Meniscal Injury (2018)

Regenerative medicine and specifically stem cell therapy is growing in popularity in a variety of orthopedic conditions including meniscal injuries. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) which is easily obtained from adipose (fat tissue) is a mixture of adipose derived stem cells/mesenchymal stem cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, progenitor/endothelial cells, and other cells. A mini-lipoaspiration procedure to obtain a small sample of fat can be completed using a cannula under local anesthesia. The SVF is separated from the adipocytes (fat cells) using enzyme digestion and centrifugation. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) from the peripheral blood is a mixture of growth factors and cytokines. We present a case study and to our knowledge first in man with a before and after arthroscopic evaluation showing the repair of a meniscal tear using SVF plus PRP. Adipose tissue (65 mL) was removed via a mini-lipoaspirate procedure under local anesthesia. Approximately 5 mL of whole fat was washed and prepared for injection. For the remaining 60 mL of fat, the adipocytes were removed after enzyme digestion and centrifugation to isolate the SVF. PRP (approximately 4 mL) was used to resuspend the cells for an intra-articular injection. The patient received five additional PRP injections of 2.5 mL at 3 - 4 week intervals. The patient was monitored over a 12-month period for safety (including severe adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events) and quality of life parameters. In addition, an arthroscopic evaluation was completed at baseline and 9 months post procedure. There were no reported SAEs or other safety complications during the procedure or the follow-up time period. The patient demonstrated reduction of pain with clearly visible repair on the arthroscopic evaluation. The patient expressed an overall improvement in quality of life and willingness to repeat PRP treatments. Based on the outcomes of this case study, intra-articular injection of SVF plus PRP could be a feasible treatment plan for a patient with chronic meniscus injury. J Med Cases. 2018;9(7):221-225 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3091w
Supplementary Figures 1 through 4 and Supplementary Materials and Methods from Antileukemic Activity of 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose through Inhibition of N-Linked Glycosylation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with <i>FLT3-ITD</i> or <i>c-KIT</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains additional figures that enrich results presented in the main manuscript. We evaluated the impact of the 2-DG on the expression of both wild-type FLT3 and KIT. Then, we excluded a potential role for cellular protein degradation pathways such as apoptosis or ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in response to 2-DG. We also investigated the subcellular location of FLT3 after 2-DG treatment. In addition, we assessed the impact of the 2-DG on the phosphorylation of Lyn and Akt, Finally, this file contains data on the effects of 2-DG in a rare primary sample patient carrying the FLT3-TKD mutation. Supplementary material and methods for qRT-PCR.&lt;/p&gt;
Personal Encounter: The Only Way (2011)

This chapter includes a faith-justice autobiography and biographical sketches of witnesses. It sets the basic theme of this book. It talks about how to move students from naïveté to solidarity and what makes the crucial difference. It was a personal encounter and subsequent relationship with the poor that marginalized and stimulated a hunger and thirst for justice, and therefore a commitment to Catholic social teaching (CST) in the author of this book. The author believes that he has learned something from his own experience, that CST has much to learn about pedagogy and that Ignatian pedagogy is a sure foundation for this enterprise.
Applying the Adaptive Hybrid Flow-Shop Scheduling Method to Schedule a 3GPP LTE Physical Layer Algorithm onto Many-Core Digital Signal Processors (2013)

International audience
Immunological characterization of a VIR protein family member (VIR-14) in Plasmodium vivax-infected subjects from different epidemiological regions in Africa and South America (2023)

Plasmodium vivax is a major challenge for malaria control due to its wide geographic distribution, high frequency of submicroscopic infections, and ability to induce relapses due to the latent forms present in the liver (hypnozoites). Deepening our knowledge of parasite biology and its molecular components is key to develop new tools for malaria control and elimination. This study aims to investigate and characterize a P. vivax protein (PvVir14) for its role in parasite biology and its interactions with the immune system. We collected sera or plasma from P.vivax-infected subjects in Brazil (n = 121) and Cambodia (n = 55), and from P. falciparum-infected subjects in Mali (n = 28), to assess antibody recognition of PvVir14. Circulating antibodies against PvVir14 appeared in 61% and 34.5% of subjects from Brazil and Cambodia, respectively, versus none (0%) of the P. falciparum-infected subjects from Mali who have no exposure to P. vivax. IgG1 and IgG3 most frequently contributed to anti-PvVir14 responses. PvVir14 antibody levels correlated with those against other well-characterized sporozoite/liver (PvCSP) and blood stage (PvDBP-RII) antigens, which were recognized by 7.6% and 42% of Brazilians, respectively. Concerning the cellular immune profiling of Brazilian subjects, PvVir14 seroreactive individuals displayed significantly higher levels of circulating atypical (CD21- CD27-) B cells, raising the possibility that atypical B cells may be contribute to the PvVir14 antibody response. When analyzed at a single-cell level, the B cell receptor gene hIGHV3-23 was only seen in subjects with active P.vivax infection where it comprised 20% of V gene usage. Among T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ levels differed (lower and higher, respectively) between subjects with versus without antibodies to PvVir14, while NKT cell levels were higher in those without antibodies. Specific B cell subsets, anti-PvVir14 circulating antibodies, and NKT cell levels declined after treatment of P. vivax. This study provides the immunological characterization of PvVir14, a unique P. vivax protein, and possible association with acute host's immune responses, providing new information of specific host-parasite interaction. Trial registration: TrialClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00663546 & ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02334462.
TAILORING DRY POWDER INHALER PERFORMANCE BY MODIFYINGCARRIER SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY BY SPRAY DRYING (2010)

In order to provide adequate performance of dry powder inhalates with respect to dosing and fine particle fraction, interparticle adhesion between drug and carrier has to be well balanced. It has to be large enough to ensure attachment of the active ingredient during powder handling and dosing, but small enough to ensure detachment of the drug from the carrier on inhalation. In this study, interparticle interactions have been modified by targeting the surface topography of the carrier or rather the contact area between drug and carrier using spray drying. Because lactose is susceptible to spray drying, resulting in partial or full amorphicity, mannitol was used here. The spray drying outlet temperature turned out to be an appropriate parameter to affect surface topography, spray drying at low temperature leading to smooth particles, and spray drying at high temperature leading to rough particle surfaces. Dosing of the inhalate was found not to be affected by surface roughness of the carrier. However, the fine particle fraction decreases with increasing surface roughness. Consequently, the use of mannitol carrier particles exhibiting different surface topographies allows for modifying interparticle interactions, thereby providing an effective tool for tailoring the performance of an inhalate.
Effects of Bonding Technology and Thinning Process in Three-Dimensional Integration on Device Characteristics (2012)

This research is to investigate the effects of bonding technology and thinning process on the electrical properties of 0.35 microm technology node n-MOSFET devices. After the bonding process, by changing the bonding temperature up to 400 degrees C and bonding force up to 2.5 x 10(5) Pa, these devices still have the same electrical performances. In addition, thinning process was applied to investigate the stress which would affect the electrical properties of n-MOSFETs. The electrical performances of devices do not change for substrate thickness larger than 466 microm.
Effect of low‐level laser therapy on chemoradiotherapy‐induced oral mucositis and salivary inflammatory mediators in head and neck cancer patients (2015)

These findings demonstrated that LLLT was effective in reducing the severity of chemoradiotherapy-induced OM and was associated with the reduction of inflammation and repair.
Prevention of restenosis by a novel drug-eluting stent system with a dose-adjustable, polymer-free, on-site stent coating (2005)

The placement of polymer-free stents coated on-site with rapamycin is feasible and safe. Furthermore, a dose-dependent efficacy in restenosis prevention is achievable with this new DES concept.
The inflammatory versus constitutive trafficking of mononuclear phagocytes into the alveolar space of mice is associated with drastic changes in their gene expression profiles (2006)

Mononuclear phagocytes enter the lungs both constitutively to maintain alveolar macrophage and dendritic cell homeostasis as well as during lung inflammation, where the role of these cells is less well defined. We used a transgenic mouse strain (CX3CR1+/GFP) that harbors a green fluorescent protein (GFP) label in circulating monocytes to identify and sort these cells from the vascular and alveolar compartments under both constitutive and acute lung inflammatory conditions. Using nylon arrays combined with real-time RT-PCR for gene expression profiling, we found that flow-sorted, highly purified mononuclear phagocytes recruited to acutely inflamed mouse lungs showed strongly upregulated mRNA levels of the neutrophil chemoattractants KC, MIP-2 and IP-10, which contrasted with alveolar mononuclear phagocytes that immigrated in steady-state. Similar observations were made for the lysosomal cathepsins B, L and K being strongly upregulated in mononuclear phagocytes upon recruitment to inflamed lungs but not during constitutive alveolar immigration. Inflammatory elicited mononuclear phagocytes also demonstrated significantly increased mRNA levels of the cytokine TNF-α and the PRR associated molecules CD14, TLR-4 and Syndecan-4. Together, inflammatory elicited mononuclear phagocytes exhibit strongly increased neutrophil chemoattractants, lysosomal proteases and LPS signaling mRNA transcripts, suggesting that these cells may play a major role in acute lung inflammatory processes.
A simultaneous analog-to-quaternary converter (1979)

The function of an analog-to-quaternary (A/Q) converter is to convert an analog input voltage into a quaternary output word. In this correspondence, a simple simultaneous analog-to-quaternary converter which makes use of new current-mode quaternary threshold logic circuits is described.
High frequency link DC-AC converter for UPS with a new voltage clamper (2002)

A power conversion system for a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) using a high-frequency link is described. The proposed UPS consists of a high-frequency inverter, a high-frequency transformer, and a cycloconverter with a new voltage clamper. The clamper effectively reduces the power loss of the conversion system. The voltage clamper gave an improved DC-AC conversion efficiency of about 10% more than when a conventional RC snubber was used. When source-commutation was used, DC-AC conversion efficiency was improved by about 5%. When the voltage clamper was used both DC-AC conversion efficiency and the output voltage characteristic without the automatic voltage regulator were improved to source commutation. Fabrication of a 10 kVA high-frequency-link DC-AC power converter is described and its loss reduction effect is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
P4‐672: EXPLORING A POTENTIALLY DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL MOA FOR THE CLINICAL STAGE COMPOUND PRI‐002 (2019)

Dysregulation of intracellular calcium ion homeostasis is relevant for increased stress and over-excitation of neurons in neurological disorders, for example Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Hence, counteracting the increased intracellular calcium ion concentration in neurons is a desired neuro-protective strategy in neurodegeneration. We have developed PRI-002 to disassemble and eliminate toxic Aβ oligomers. Whereas this potential mechanism of action (MoA) could be verified in vitro and in vivo by successful target engagement, we found another potential MoA that is able to explain the observed beneficial pre-clinical proof-of-concept study results (cognition enhancement and deceleration of neurodegeneration shown in three different transgenic AD mouse models in three different laboratories). We found PRI-002 to inhibit specifically the N-type calcium channel (NCC, CaV2.2) with an IC50 in the nM range without affecting the L-type channel. Whereas this is not a relevant safety issue, inhibition of the NCC reduces Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ levels very specifically in neurons. Patch clamp experiments verified PRI-002 to mediate NCC inhibition. NCC is a verified target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. We used the spinal nerve ligation rat model and the sciatic inflammatory neuritis rat model of neuropathic pain to investigate the in vivo efficacy of orally applied PRI-002. PRI-002 reduced the NCC peak current amplitude by more than 50% without altering the voltage-dependence of the channel activation. Using both the spinal nerve ligation and the sciatic inflammatory neuritis models in rat, we have shown that oral application of PRI-002 exerts acute and therapeutic reversion of tactile allodynia. Thus, we confirmed NCC to be a target of PRI-002. PRI-002 is able to enhance cognition and to impede neurodegeneration in transgenic AD mouse models under truly non-preventive conditions and even when applied orally. In addition, it has proven to be safe in humans in a single ascending dose study and a multiple ascending dose study up to 320 mg/subject/day for 28 days when administered orally to healthy volunteers. Whether disassembly and elimination of toxic Aβ oligomers and/or inhibition of the NCC are underlying the beneficial preclinical efficacy, remains to be shown.
σ-SiH Complexes of Copper: Experimental Evidence and Computational Analysis (2013)

Copper and gold complexes 2–4 of the diphosphine-hydrosilane [Ph2P(o-C6H4)]2MeSiH ligand 1 have been prepared, and their bonding situation has been analyzed experimentally (NMR, IR, X-ray diffraction) and computationally (geometry optimizations, NBO analyses). The σ-SiH bond remains pendant in the gold complex 4 but engages into a weak side-on coordination to copper. This bonding interaction slightly strengthens when the metal becomes more electron deficient, consistent with essentially pure σ-SiH-to-copper donation. Complexes 2 and 3 provide very rare examples of σ-bond coordination to a coinage metal.
Protein nanotubes bearing a magnetite surface exterior (2011)

This communication describes the synthesis and structure of multilayered protein nanotubes bearing a magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) surface exterior, and their binding capability for zinc(II)‐protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) in aqueous medium. The nanotubes were fabricated using an alternating layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) and poly‐L‐arginine (PLA) in a track‐etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane (pore size, 400 nm), which had been precoated in advance with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Dissolution of the PC template yielded Fe 3 O 4 (PLA/HSA) 3 nanotubes. SEM measurements revealed the formation of uniform hollow cylinders with 417 ± 16 nm outer diameter and 56 ± 7 nm wall thickness. TEM observations confirmed the homogeneous outer surface of Fe 3 O 4 . In an aqueous medium, the nanotubes captured ZnPP into the swollen wall. The ZnPP‐loaded protein nanotubes were collected by exposure to a magnetic field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of Metabolically Stable Analogues of the Endogenous Fatty Acid Amide Palmitoylethanolamide (2020)

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) belongs to the class of <i>N</i>-acylethanolamine and is an endogenous lipid potentially useful in a wide range of therapeutic areas; products containing PEA are licensed for use in humans as a nutraceutical, a food supplement, or food for medical purposes for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrating efficacy and tolerability. However, the exogenously administered PEA is rapidly inactivated; in this process, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a key role both in hepatic metabolism and in intracellular degradation. So, the aim of the present study was the design and synthesis of PEA analogues that are more resistant to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. A small library of PEA analogues was designed and tested by molecular docking and density functional theory calculations to find the more stable analogue. The computational investigation identified RePEA as the best candidate in terms of both synthetic accessibility and metabolic stability to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. The selected compound was synthesized and assayed ex vivo to monitor FAAH-mediated hydrolysis and to confirm its anti-inflammatory properties. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy performed on membrane samples containing FAAH in integral membrane protein demonstrated that RePEA is not processed by FAAH, in contrast with PEA. Moreover, RePEA retains PEA's ability to inhibit LPS-induced cytokine release in both murine N9 microglial cells and human PMA-THP-1 cells.
Serum Lysophosphatidic Acid Is Produced through Diverse Phospholipase Pathways (2002)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator with multiple biological activities that accounts for many biological properties of serum. LPA is thought to be produced during serum formation based on the fact that the LPA level is much higher in serum than in plasma. In this study, to better understand the pathways of LPA synthesis in serum, we evaluated the roles of platelets, plasma, and phospholipases by measuring LPA using a novel enzyme-linked fluorometric assay. First, examination of platelet-depleted rats showed that half of the LPA in serum is produced via a platelet-dependent pathway. However, the amount of LPA released from isolated platelets after they are activated by thrombin or calcium ionophore accounted for only a small part of serum LPA. Most of the platelet-derived LPA was produced in a two-step process: lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylserine, were released from activated rat platelets by the actions of two phospholipases, group IIA secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA) and phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A(1) (PS-PLA(1)), which were abundantly expressed in the cells. Then these lysophospholipids were converted to LPA by the action of plasma lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD). Second, accumulation of LPA in incubated plasma was strongly accelerated by the addition of recombinant lysoPLD with a concomitant decrease in LPC accumulation, indicating that the enzyme produces LPA by hydrolyzing LPC produced during the incubation. In addition, incubation of plasma isolated from human subjects who were deficient in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) did not result in increases of either LPC or LPA. The present study demonstrates multiple pathways for LPA production in serum and the involvement of several phospholipases, including PS-PLA(1), sPLA(2)-IIA, LCAT, and lysoPLD.