gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing LDPC Codes without small trapping sets by using Tanner Graph Covers (2007)

We present a method for lowering the error floor of low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. It is based on Tanner graph covers that do not have trapping sets from the original code. The advantages of the method are that it is universal, as it can be applied to any LDPC code/channel model/decoding algorithm and it improves performance at the expense of increasing the code length, without losing the code regularity, without changing the decoding algorithm, and, under certain conditions, without lowering the code rate. We illustrate the method by modifying Tanner, MacKay and Margulis codes to improve performance on the binary symmetric channel (BSC) under the Gallager B decoding algorithm.
Blocking for external graph searching (1993)

In this paper, we consider the problem of using disk blocks efficiently in searching graphs that are too large to fit in internal memory. Our model allows a vertex to be represented any number of times on the disk in order to take advantage of redundancy. We give matching upper and lower bounds for complete d-ary trees and d-dimensional grid graphs, as well as for classes of general graphs that intuitively speaking have a close to uniform number of neighbors around each vertex. We also show that for the special case of grid graphs blocked with isothetic hypercubes, there is a provably better speed-up if even a small amount of redundancy is permitted.
[Disinfectants based on peracid-splitting compounds (author's transl)]. (1979)

All organic peracids are capable of damaging enzymes of the microbial cell irreversibly by oxidation and can thus kill microbes. When using organic peracids as a disinfectant it is expedient to prepare them immediately prior to use. This is possible by employing mixtures in powder form of acid depots (anhydrides, amides, esters) and hydrogen peroxide depots which react together with water only at the time of preparing the solution to form a balanced system, the active complex proper, comprising organic peracid, organic acid, hydrogen peroxide and water.
Super-Resolution Without Explicit Subpixel Motion Estimation (2009)

The need for precise (subpixel accuracy) motion estimates in conventional super-resolution has limited its applicability to only video sequences with relatively simple motions such as global translational or affine displacements. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for adaptive enhancement and spatiotemporal upscaling of videos containing complex activities without explicit need for accurate motion estimation. Our approach is based on multidimensional kernel regression, where each pixel in the video sequence is approximated with a 3-D local (Taylor) series, capturing the essential local behavior of its spatiotemporal neighborhood. The coefficients of this series are estimated by solving a local weighted least-squares problem, where the weights are a function of the 3-D space-time orientation in the neighborhood. As this framework is fundamentally based upon the comparison of neighboring pixels in both space and time, it implicitly contains information about the local motion of the pixels across time, therefore rendering unnecessary an explicit computation of motions of modest size. The proposed approach not only significantly widens the applicability of super-resolution methods to a broad variety of video sequences containing complex motions, but also yields improved overall performance. Using several examples, we illustrate that the developed algorithm has super-resolution capabilities that provide improved optical resolution in the output, while being able to work on general input video with essentially arbitrary motion.
Adaptive Frequency Hopping for 5G New Radio mMTC Security (2023)

3GPP standards (e.g., LTE and 5G New Radio (NR)) have revolutionized commercial broadband access. Unfortunately, the openness of <tex>$\mathbf{3GPP}$</tex> specifications and high-level of adaptability make fifth-generation (5G) networks increasingly sensitive to unsophisticated attacks in the network. While 5G NR has introduced frequency hopping (FH) for massive machine-type communications <tex>$(\mathbf{mMTC})$</tex>, there has not been a unified approach to designing the FH patterns in practical 5G systems. In this paper, we investigate the multi-user FH design problem at the physical resource grid of the 5G communication networks. We present various criteria for FH pattern design and propose two algorithms that are implementable with low complexity. The first scheme utilizes known interference patterns to design a set of user equipment (UE) FH patterns that are immune to interfering attacks. The second scheme leverages interference statistics and minimizes the expected number of hits by the interferer. Through numerical simulations and analytical modeling, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed schemes, which outperform the uniform FH pattern and achieve near-optimal performance.
Organization of Human Papillomavirus Productive Cycle during Neoplastic Progression Provides a Basis for Selection of Diagnostic Markers (2003)

The productive cycle of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can be divided into discrete phases. Cell proliferation and episomal maintenance in the lower epithelial layers are followed by genome amplification and the expression of capsid proteins. These events, which occur in all productive infections, can be distinguished by using antibodies to viral gene products or to surrogate markers of their expression. Here we have compared precancerous lesions caused by HPV type 16 (HPV16) with lesions caused by HPV types that are not generally associated with human cancer. These include HPV2 and HPV11, which are related to HPV16 (supergroup A), as well as HPV1 and HPV65, which are evolutionarily divergent (supergroups E and B). HPV16-induced low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN1) are productive infections which resemble those caused by other HPV types. During progression to cancer, however, the activation of late events is delayed, and the thickness of the proliferative compartment is progressively increased. In many HPV16-induced high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN3), late events are restricted to small areas close to the epithelial surface. Such heterogeneity in the organization of the productive cycle was seen only in lesions caused by HPV16 and was not apparent when lesions caused by other HPV types were compared. By contrast, the order in which events in the productive cycle were initiated was invariant and did not depend on the infecting HPV type or the severity of disease. The distribution of viral gene products in the infected cervix depends on the extent to which the virus can complete its productive cycle, which in turn reflects the severity of cervical neoplasia. It appears from our work that the presence of such proteins in cells at the epithelial surface allows the severity of the underlying disease to be predicted and that markers of viral gene expression may improve cervical screening.
Impact of comorbid conditions on asthmatic adults and children (2020)

Comorbid conditions (comorbidities) can complicate the diagnosis and management of asthma. In different age groups, comorbid conditions can present varying challenges, including diagnostic confusion due to mimicking asthma symptoms, exacerbation of asthma symptoms, therapy for comorbid conditions affecting asthma or therapy for asthma affecting these conditions. This review aims to summarise some common comorbid conditions with asthma, such as rhinitis, vocal cord dysfunction, gastro-oesophageal reflux, psychiatric disorders, obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea, and discuss their prevalence, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, highlighting any differences in how they impact children and adults. Overall, there is a lack of data on the impact of treating comorbid conditions on asthma outcomes and further studies are needed to guide age-appropriate asthma management in the presence of these conditions.
WO 2015/158756 A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING AN OPTIMAL PIVOT POINT (2015)

Methods and devices for determining the position of an optimal pivot point for handling instruments in minimal invasive surgery, comprises providing at least two ex-vivo images of an instrument's motion in time and extracting substantially parallel instrument lines from said images being separated by a same distance to determine the pivot point.
Synthesis of Aldehydic Ribonucleotide and Amino Acid Precursors by Photoredox Chemistry (2013)

Auf der Suche nach dem Ursprung: Die UV-Bestrahlung eines Systems, das durch Zusatz von Kupfer(I)-cyanid zu einer wässrigen Lösung von Glycolnitril, Natriumphosphat und Schwefelwasserstoff gebildet wurde, erzeugte Aldehyd-Vorstufen der Bausteine der RNA und von Proteinen.
HIV Protease Inhibitor‐Specific Alterations in Human Adipocyte Differentiation and Metabolism (2006)

These data suggest that the distinct metabolic side effect profiles of these PIs could be a consequence of their differential effects on adipocyte physiology.
Non-viral gene delivery of the GDNF, either alone or fused to the C-fragment of tetanus toxin protein, prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model (2012)

We have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of GDNF-TTC as shown by the activation of survival pathways and inhibition of apoptotic proteins, such as Akt phosphorylation, or reduced caspase-3 activation respectively. However, the GDNF fusion with TTC did not improve the therapeutic effects when compared to GDNF alone.
CVD Silicon Carbide Components (2008)

A variety of silicon carbide components have been fabricated by applying chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) on both graphite and ceramic fabric substrates. These components include thermionic converters, heat pipes, tubes, nozzles, and heat exchanger panels. A number of these components have been successfully tested in combustion environments at temperatures as high as 1450°C and for periods as long as 12 500 h.
Nanocrystalline Diamond-Based Field-Effect Capacitive pH Sensor (2007)

The pH-sensitive properties of field-effect capacitive electrolyte-diamond-insulator- semiconductor (EDIS) sensors with undoped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films (100-500 nm) having hydrogen (H)- and oxygen (O)-terminated surfaces have been investigated. The NCD films were grown on p-Si-SiO2 substrates by a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition from a mixture of methane and hydrogen. The EDIS sensors have been characterised by means of capacitance- voltage spectroscopy, constant-capacitance and impedance-spectroscopy method. The developed EDIS sensors with O-terminated and H-terminated NCD surfaces show an average pH sensitivity of 38 mV/pH and 34-36 mV/pH, respectively. A possible mechanism of the pH sensitivity is discussed.
A Real-Time Brain-Machine Interface Combining Motor Target and Trajectory Intent Using an Optimal Feedback Control Design (2013)

Real-time brain-machine interfaces (BMI) have focused on either estimating the continuous movement trajectory or target intent. However, natural movement often incorporates both. Additionally, BMIs can be modeled as a feedback control system in which the subject modulates the neural activity to move the prosthetic device towards a desired target while receiving real-time sensory feedback of the state of the movement. We develop a novel real-time BMI using an optimal feedback control design that jointly estimates the movement target and trajectory of monkeys in two stages. First, the target is decoded from neural spiking activity before movement initiation. Second, the trajectory is decoded by combining the decoded target with the peri-movement spiking activity using an optimal feedback control design. This design exploits a recursive Bayesian decoder that uses an optimal feedback control model of the sensorimotor system to take into account the intended target location and the sensory feedback in its trajectory estimation from spiking activity. The real-time BMI processes the spiking activity directly using point process modeling. We implement the BMI in experiments consisting of an instructed-delay center-out task in which monkeys are presented with a target location on the screen during a delay period and then have to move a cursor to it without touching the incorrect targets. We show that the two-stage BMI performs more accurately than either stage alone. Correct target prediction can compensate for inaccurate trajectory estimation and vice versa. The optimal feedback control design also results in trajectories that are smoother and have lower estimation error. The two-stage decoder also performs better than linear regression approaches in offline cross-validation analyses. Our results demonstrate the advantage of a BMI design that jointly estimates the target and trajectory of movement and more closely mimics the sensorimotor control system.
Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing (2013)

We report an experimental study of the longitudinal relaxation time (${T}_{1}$) of the electron spin associated with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects hosted in nanodiamonds (NDs). We first show that ${T}_{1}$ decreases over three orders of magnitude when the ND size is reduced from 100 to 10 nm owing to the interaction of the NV electron spin with a bath of paramagnetic centers lying on the ND surface. We next tune the magnetic environment by decorating the ND surface with Gd${}^{3+}$ ions and observe an efficient ${T}_{1}$ quenching, which demonstrates magnetic noise sensing with a single electron spin. We estimate a sensitivity down to $\ensuremath{\approx}14$ electron spins detected within 10 s, using a single NV defect hosted in a 10-nm-size ND. These results pave the way towards ${T}_{1}$-based nanoscale imaging of the spin density in biological samples.
Linearity-Enhanced Ring Amplifier Using Adaptive Slew-Rate Feed-Forward Path (2020)

This brief presents a novel adaptive slew-rate ring amplifier. The proposed technique enhances the linearity, without stability degradation, using a rail-to-rail controlled feed-forward path used in parallel with the main ring amplifier. It offers additional degrees of freedom to improve the linearity/power consumption trade-off proposed in other reported slew-rate enhancement techniques. The proposed design has been implemented and simulated in a low-cost CMOS 65 nm technology. Operating from a single 0.9 V power supply, it consumes 186μA for switching frequency of 210MHz. For the same current consumption, it achieves an improvement of 10 dB in the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to state-of-the-art.
Existence of two O-like intermediates in the photocycle of <i>Acetabularia</i> rhodopsin II, a light-driven proton pump from a marine alga (2017)

A spectrally silent change is often observed in the photocycle of microbial rhodopsins. Here, we suggest the presence of two O intermediates in the photocycle of <i>Acetabularia</i> rhodopsin II (ARII or also called Ace2), a light-driven algal proton pump from <i>Acetabularia acetabulum</i>. ARII exhibits a photocycle including a quasi-equilibrium state of M, N, and O (M⇄N⇄O→) at near neutral and above pH values. However, acidification of the medium below pH ~5.5 causes no accumulation of N, resulting in that the photocycle of ARII can be described as an irreversible scheme (M→O→). This may facilitate the investigation of the latter part of the photocycle, especially the rise and decay of O, during which molecular events have not been sufficiently understood. Thus we analyzed the photocycle under acidic conditions (pH ≤ 5.5). Analysis of the absorbance change at 610 nm, which mainly monitors the fractional concentration changes of K and O, was performed and revealed a photocycle scheme containing two sequential O-states with the different molar extinction coefficients. These photoproducts, termed O<sub>1</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>, may be even produced at physiological pH, although they are not clearly observed under this condition due to the existence of a long M-N-O equilibrium.
HFO-1234yf duurzaam alternatief voor airconditioning auto's. (2009)

The benefits of HFO-1234yf as a refrigerant in mobile air conditioning are compared to those of other alternatives to HFC-134a: CO2 and HFC-152a. LCCP, energy efficiency and toxicity of HFO-1234yf are considered.
tert-Butoxycarbonylaminoacyl-4-(oxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl-resin, a more acid-resistant support for solid-phase peptide synthesis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTtert-Butoxycarbonylaminoacyl-4-(oxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl-resin, a more acid-resistant support for solid-phase peptide synthesisA. R. Mitchell, B. W. Erickson, M. N. Ryabtsev, R. S. Hodges, and R. B. MerrifieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 23, 7357–7362Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00439a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00439a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views675Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endoscopic Lateral Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine (2004)

Early results show the endoscopic lateral transpsoas approach to the lumbar spine to be a safe, minimally invasive method for anterior fusion of the first through the fourth lumbar vertebrae. Although there is a risk of groin/thigh numbness or pain, and these symptoms are mostly transient. This approach allows for exposure of the lumbar spine without mobilization of the great vessels or sympathetic plexus.
Genetics and molecular biology (2000)

Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland Abbreviations CETP: cholesteryl ester transfer protein ER: endoplasmic reticulum HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase LCAT: lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids SCAP: sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage activating protein SCP2: sterol carrier protein-2 S1P: site 1 protease SRB1: scavenger receptor B1 SREBP: sterol regulatory element binding proteins
Two-dimensional measurement of birefringence dispersion using spectroscopic polarized light (2006)

This paper describes a method and system for the measuring the two-dimensional distribution of birefringence dispersion. An optical arrangement consists of a white light source, parallel polarizers, a CCD camera, and an acousto-optic tunable filter for selecting wavelength of the incident light. The intensity of spectroscopic polarized light changes sinusoidally as a function of wave number, and its period changes slightly because of birefringence dispersion. The fast Fourier transform method is used to analyze the birefringence dispersion from the spectroscopic polarized light. One hundred twenty-eight captured images are used for the analysis. Some experimental results on 2-D birefringence dispersion distributions are shown for the demonstration of this method.
Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues of Obese Subjects Release Interleukin-6: Depot Difference and Regulation by Glucocorticoid1 (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether human adipocytes from different depots of obese subjects produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) and whether IL-6 release is regulated by glucocorticoids. Fragments of omental and abdominal sc adipose tissue released immunodetectable IL-6 into the medium during acute incubations. Omental adipose tissue released 2-3 times more IL-6 than did sc adipose tissue. Isolated adipocytes prepared from these tissues also released IL-6 (omental > sc), but this accounted for only 10% of the total tissue release. Culture of adipose tissue fragments for 7 days with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone markedly suppressed IL-6 production. These data show for the first time that substantial quantities of IL-6 (up to 75 ng/mL) accumulate in the medium during incubations of both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Although little is known about the effects of IL-6 on adipose tissue, one action is a down-regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. The regulated production of this multifunctional cytokine may modulate regional adipose tissue metabolism and may contribute to the recently reported correlation between serum IL-6 and the level of obesity.
Molecular Inversion Probes for targeted resequencing in non-model organisms (2016)

Applications that require resequencing of hundreds or thousands of predefined genomic regions in numerous samples are common in studies of non-model organisms. However few approaches at the scale intermediate between multiplex PCR and sequence capture methods are available. Here we explored the utility of Molecular Inversion Probes (MIPs) for the medium-scale targeted resequencing in a non-model system. Markers targeting 112 bp of exonic sequence were designed from transcriptome of Lissotriton newts. We assessed performance of 248 MIP markers in a sample of 85 individuals. Among the 234 (94.4%) successfully amplified markers 80% had median coverage within one order of magnitude, indicating relatively uniform performance; coverage uniformity across individuals was also high. In the analysis of polymorphism and segregation within family, 77% of 248 tested MIPs were confirmed as single copy Mendelian markers. Genotyping concordance assessed using replicate samples exceeded 99%. MIP markers for targeted resequencing have a number of advantages: high specificity, high multiplexing level, low sample requirement, straightforward laboratory protocol, no need for preparation of genomic libraries and no ascertainment bias. We conclude that MIP markers provide an effective solution for resequencing targets of tens or hundreds of kb in any organism and in a large number of samples.
Artificial Neural Networks Based Chemistry-Mixing Subgrid Model for LES (2009)

Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of a non-premixed, planar, syngas/air flame is performed with special emphasis on speeding-up the sub-grid chemistry and mixing computations using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach. The focus of the current study is spent to generate multi-dimensional look-up tables based on the stand-alone 1-D Linear Eddy Mixing (LEM) model calculations of turbulent flames, and use them in ANN for the LES. The test case for LES validation is selected in accordance with a previous Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) study, which was reported to exhibit considerable local extinction and re-ignition type of complex physics. It is shown that the thermo-chemical database created through LEM computations for ANN training is representative of the actual physial process since the turbulence information is fed through turbulent stirring. Hence, LES computations using ANN can detect the same physics pointed out by the DNS study on a computationally much affordable way, with reasonable accuracy.