gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Changes of Industrial Structure in Sichuan Province before and after the “5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake” (2019)

On the 10th anniversary of the “5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake” disaster, what changes have occurred in the industrial structure of Sichuan Province? It is an important topic for government, industry and the public. This paper analyzed the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on various industries in Sichuan Province by using the input-output table, deviation share analysis and structural decomposition. The results show that: (1) the growth rate of various industries is higher than the national average. (2) The output induced by final demand in the region accounts for a large proportion of the total output, and the output induced by the export demand accounts for a relatively small proportion. Among them, the technical coefficient and the final demand coefficient have a greater impact on the regional final demand-induced output, and the export coefficient significantly affects the export-induced output. (3) In the mid-disaster stage, the purchasing power coefficient promotes the increase of output of the primary industry and most of the secondary industries. The final demand coefficient promotes the increase of output of the secondary industry, and the technical coefficient contributes greatly to the increase of output of the tertiary industry. (4) In the post-disaster period, the purchasing power coefficient and technical coefficient promoted the growth of the secondary industry, but the impact on the primary industry was not significant; the final demand coefficient promoted the growth of the tertiary industry, and the technical coefficient was reversed. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations were put forward. This paper enriches the study of disaster economics and provides an empirical reference for emergency and aid construction after the disaster.
Recovery of optical parameters in diffusive media with gated-photon counting (2002)

A new and simple gated-photon counting system is described for the recovery of optical parameters in diffusive media. The system is based on a 60ns width-sliding gate that enables reconstruction of the photon decay curve detected when a pulse is impinged on the diffusive media. Patterson-Chance method allows the optical parameters of the medium under investigation to be accurately retrieved. Experimental results on a phantom modeling breast tissue demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. Good agreement with Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting was achieved leading to less than 10% of miss-estimation on the optical parameters.
Phylogenetic taxonomy of the family Chlorobiaceae on the basis of 16S rRNA and fmo (Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein) gene sequences (2003)

A new taxonomy of the green sulfur bacteria is proposed, based on phylogenetic relationships determined using the sequences of the independent 16S rRNA and fmo (Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein) genes, and supported by the DNA G + C content and sequence signatures. Comparison of the traditional classification system for these bacteria with their phylogenetic relationship yielded a confusing picture, because properties used for classification (such as cell morphology, photosynthetic pigments and substrate utilization) do not concur with their phylogeny. Using the genetic information available, strains and species assigned to the genera Chlorobium, Pelodictyon and Prosthecochloris are considered, and the following changes are proposed. Pelodictyon luteolum is transferred to the genus Chlorobium as Chlorobium luteolum comb. nov. Pelodictyon clathratiforme and Pelodictyon phaeoclathratiforme are transferred to the genus Chlorobium and combined into one species, Chlorobium clathratiforme comb. nov. The name Pelodictyon will become a synonym of Chlorobium. Strains known as Chlorobium limicola subsp. thiosulfatophilum that have a low DNA G + C content (52-52.5 mol%) are treated as strains of Chlorobium limicola; those with a high DNA G + C content (58.1 mol%) are transferred to Chlorobaculum gen. nov., as Chlorobaculum thiosulfatiphilum sp. nov. Chlorobium tepidum is transferred to Chlorobaculum tepidum comb. nov., and defined as the type species of the genus Chlorobaculum. Strains assigned to Chlorobium phaeobacteroides, but phylogenetically distant from the type strain of this species, are assigned to Chlorobium limicola and to Chlorobaculum limnaeum sp. nov. Strains known as Chlorobium vibrioforme subsp. thiosulfatophilum are transferred to Chlorobaculum parvum sp. nov. Chlorobium chlorovibrioides is transferred to 'Chlorobaculum chlorovibrioides' comb. nov. The type strain of Chlorobium vibrioforme is phylogenetically related to Prosthecochloris, and is therefore transferred to this genus as Prosthecochloris vibrioformis comb. nov. Consequently, the name Chlorobium vibrioforme will become a synonym of Prosthecochloris vibrioformis, and other strains that were assigned to this species are now considered to belong to Chlorobium luteolum, Chlorobium phaeovibrioides and 'Chlorobaculum chlorovibrioides', according to their phylogenetic relatedness.
Amino Acid Sequence Environment Modulates the Disruption by Osteogenesis Imperfecta Glycine Substitutions in Collagen-like Peptides (1997)

Ostoegenesis imperfecta (OI) or "brittle bone" disease is associated with mutations in the genes for type I collagen chains and produces variable phenotypes, ranging from lethal cases at birth to mild cases with increased bone fractures. The most common OI mutations are single base substitutions leading to replacement of Gly by another residue, breaking the typical (Gly-X-Y)n repeating sequence pattern of the collagen triple-helix. Triple-helical peptides were designed to focus on residues 892-921 of the alpha1 chain of type I collagen, where two OI Gly-->Ser mutations are found in close proximity, a mild mutation at site 901 and a lethal mutation at site 913. Peptides were designed to include amino acid sequences around these mutation sites, and were synthesized with the normal sequence or with the Gly-->Ser mutated sequence. The peptide including the normal sequence residues 892-909 with four Gly-Pro-Hyp triplets at the C-terminus formed a stable triple-helix, and introduction of a Ser residue for Gly at the 901 mutation site led to a 50% loss of triple-helix content and a decrease in thermal stability, with little effect on folding. A peptide including residues 904-921 again formed a stable triple-helix, but the introduction of the Gly-->Ser substitution at site 913 led to a much greater decrease in thermal stability. These studies demonstrate the impact of local sequences flanking the Gly substitution on structural consequences and support the concept of variability and regional effects along the collagen molecule.
HGF/MET-directed therapeutics in gastroesophageal cancer: a review of clinical and biomarker development (2014)

Aberrant activation of the HGF/MET signaling axis has been strongly implicated in the malignant transformation and progression of gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). MET receptor overexpression in tumor samples from GEC patients has been consistently correlated with an aggressive metastatic phenotype and poor prognosis. In preclinical GEC models, abrogation of HGF/MET signaling has been shown to induce tumor regression as well as inhibition of metastatic dissemination. Promising clinical results in patient subsets in which MET is overexpressed have spurned several randomized studies of HGF/MET-directed agents, including two pivotal global Phase III trials. Available data highlight the need for predictive biomarkers in order to select patients most likely to benefit from HGF/MET inhibition. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of mechanisms of MET activation in GEC, the current status of the clinical evaluation of MET-targeted therapies in GEC, characteristics of ongoing randomized GEC trials and the associated efforts to identify and validate biomarkers. We also discuss the considerations and challenges for HGF/MET inhibitor drug development in the GEC setting.
Supplemental Methods from Macropinocytosis of Bevacizumab by Glioblastoma Cells in the Perivascular Niche Affects their Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional details regarding the methods for cells, reagents, animal studies, immunofluorescence, transcytosis, and ELISA assays.&lt;/p&gt;
Surface Cancellation in Wideband Ground Penetrating Radar Employing Genetic Algorithm AI for Waveform Synthesis (2021)

This paper presents a wideband 600–1200 MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) system for sub-surface exploration of the moon and other planetary bodies. The presented radar system uses an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) to directly produce the frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) chirp waveform. To address the key challenges of Tx-to-Rx leakage and surface reflections, the system uses a second AWG channel coupled directly to the receiver that provides a cancellation waveform to mitigate the unwanted signals. The system also uses a genetic algorithm AI engine which assesses the radar IF and iteratively improves the parameters of the cancellation waveform injected at the receiver.
Regiospecific synthesis of 4-fluoro-Δ4,3-keto steroids using caesium fluoroxysulfate (1995)

The regiospecific synthesis of two A-ring fluorinated steroids is described. Treatment of a 4-trimethylstannyl Δ4,3-keto steroid with caesium fluoroxysulfate gave the corresponding fluorinated steroid in good yield; use of the N-fluorodiazabicyclic reagent, Selectfluor, as the fluorine source provides the same compounds in lower yield. The fluorination was found to be sufficiently rapid to be potentially useful in the synthesis of 18F labelled steroids for PETT applications.
P01.150 hypermutations in glioblastoma are associated with increased response to immunotherapy (2018)

Glioblastomas (GBM) exhibit a hyper mutable phenotype only in a restricted subset harboring somatic or germinal mutations of mismatch-repair (MMR) genes. Immunotherapy (IT), including dendritic cell (DC) vaccination and inhibition of immune checkpoints, are actively pursued in GBM patients. We report on two recurrent GBM (rGBM) treated with DC or the anti-PD1 nivolumab. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on total DNA obtained from peripheral blood and FFPE samples. MMR gene expression evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patient MA had first surgery for a grade II astrocytoma when 26. Six years later she had a second surgery diagnosed as methylated MGMT, IDH1-mutated GBM. After six years rGBM was removed and IT with DC loaded with whole tumor lysate was started. 25 months later, MA died for further rGBM. Patient FR, with family history of gastric and uterine cancers in first-degree relatives, was diagnosed with GBM when 33 and treated as standard of care. Sixteen months later, she had second surgery for rGBM, and was treated with nivolumab, still ongoing after 42 months, with no sign of progression. During the treatment she had surgery for a colon adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. We performed WES on peripheral blood and on rGBM tissue of these patients. In MA 6,900 somatic mutations were detected on rGBM, including two mutations causing sequence changes in the MMR genes MLH3 (T942I) and PMS2 (T485K), described as benign on Polyphen-2. Mutation T942I was reported as germline in a patient with endometrial cancer that had loss of heterozygosity of the other allele on 14q23, a region of LOH also in gliomas. In FR the first and second GBM shared 12,431 sequence changes, 113 specific of the first GBM and 1,683 of the second, including missense mutations on MSH2 (R359S) and MSH6 (G39E and Q1155R) genes. Loss of MSH6 was confirmed by IHC and Polyphen-2 prediction indicated the mutation MSH6 Q1155R, but not the other two, as pathogenic. We identified a hypermutator phenotype associated to somatic and germinal mutations of MMR genes in one secondary and one primary GBM, respectively. These patients showed clinical response to IT with prolonged survival. These observations support the idea that in gliomas an increased mutational burden is associated to response to IT and encourage the identification of markers to identify these responsive patients.
Identification of races of Bipolaris zeicola, the causal fungus of Helminthosporium leaf spot on corn in Japan. (1987)

[in Japanese]
ChemInform Abstract: Increased Dipeptoid Diversity Resulting from Post‐Condensational Manipulation of the Ugi Reaction Products. (2012)

Abstract Ring opening of 5,6‐dihydropyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazines of type (I) with primary or secondary amines yields dipeptoid compounds of type (III) and (V).
Synthesis and characterization of dextran coated magnetite nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapy (2015)

Based on our findings, we propose the dextran coated MNPs as promising nanosystem for the delivery of various drugs such as curcumin and MRI contrast agent.
Effect of Arginase Inhibition on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease with and without Diabetes Mellitus (2014)

Inhibition of arginase protects against endothelial dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion in patients with CAD. Arginase inhibition may thereby be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Reducing the Risk of Leaflet Thrombosis following Transcatheter Aortic Valve-in-Valve Implantation by BASILICA Procedure: A Computational Simulation Study (2019)

Objective: Leaflet thrombosis following transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (ViV) is an increasingly recognized complication. We have previously shown that the geometric confinement of transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs), introduced by the leaflet and frame of degenerated bioprosthesis, disturbs the natural flow field on the TAV leaflets. The confinement increases blood stasis on the TAV leaflets and consequently increases the likelihood of thrombogenesis. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of transcatheter laceration of the degenerated bioprosthetic valve leaflets, also known as BASILICA, on the likelihood of leaflet thrombosis using computational simulations. Methods: Idealized computational models representing a 26-mm SAPIEN 3 implanted in 29-mm Mitroflow surgical bioprosthesis were developed before (Figure-1a) and after (Figure-1b) the BASILICA procedure. Flow fields were obtained via fluid-solid interaction simulations. Regions of high blood residence time (BRT > 0.5s), which are highly prone to platelet activation, were compared between the models. Results: Summary histogram of reduction of BRT on the surface of left-coronary and right-coronary leaflets is shown in Figure-1c. On the left-coronary leaflet, the areas with high BRT reduced considerably from 50.5% in the ViV model without leaflet laceration to 37.3% in the ViV model with leaflet laceration. On the right-coronary leaflet, the areas with high BRT reduced from 72.2% in the ViV model without leaflet laceration to 67.9% in the ViV model with leaflet laceration. No reduction in areas of high BRT was observed in the non-coronary leaflet. Conclusions: Transcatheter laceration was invented to prevent coronary obstruction in ViV procedures. The procedure has the potential to reduce the areas with high BRT on the aortic surface of left- and right-coronary leaflets and consequently reduce the risk of leaflet thrombosis.
Prevention of Avian Lymphoid Leukosis by Induction of Bursal Atrophy with Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (1978)

Five groups of genetically susceptible chickens were inoculated at hatching with lymphoid leukosis virus; four of these were given infectious bursal viruses of varying virulence at 14 days of age and one group was not inoculated (control). All chickens in the control group developed evidence of lymphoid leukosis by 180 days. Two groups given relatively virulent bursal disease viruses, which destroyed bursal lymphoid cells, did not develop lymphoid leukosis. Treatment with avirulent vaccines had no visible effect on bursal morphology and did not significantly alter the incidence of lymphoid leukosis in two other groups, although the time of development was delayed. Results of our study show that viral-induced destruction of the bursa of Fabricius eliminates the development of lymphoid leukosis but that infection without bursal destruction has little effect on lymphoid leukosis.
Photon-antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics (1990)

It is shown by example that sub-Poissonian photon-counting statistics need not imply photon antibunching, but can be accompanied by photon bunching, i.e., by the tendency of two photons to be close together more frequently than further apart. Some comments on the relation between antibunching and sub-Poissonian statistics are made.
POTENTIAL SYSTEM INTEGRATION OF EXISTING AIRPORT SECURITY EQUIPMENT (2000)

This report considers the ability and feasibility of integrating airport security equipment within the context of the current security environment, including infrastructure, staffing, and regulatory and procedural issues. The study is based on comprehensive interviews with security equipment manufacturers, aviation organizations, airport security officers, and others; an examination of security equipment with the greatest potential for integration; analysis of integration scenarios; and assessment of equipment integration technology using three principal criteria: the ability to expedite passenger processing, the likelihood of improving detection, and the ability to reduce the number of false positives in the screening process. The report presents the overall perception of integration initiatives by manufacturers and airport staff, indicates the types of opportunities and constraints associated with implementation of integration, and presents a list of the most favorable integration technology candidates. Appendices include survey responses, interview notes, and an interview guide.
Contourlets: a directional multiresolution image representation (2003)

We propose a new scheme, named contourlet, that provides a flexible multiresolution, local and directional image expansion. The contourlet transform is realized efficiently via a double iterated filter bank structure. Furthermore, it can be designed to satisfy the anisotropy scaling relation for curves, and thus offers a fast and structured curvelet-like decomposition. As a result, the contourlet transform provides a sparse representation for two-dimensional piecewise smooth signals resembling images. Finally, we show some numerical experiments demonstrating the potential of contourlets in several image processing tasks.
Multigoal Heuristic Model Predictive Control Technique Applied to a Cascaded H-bridge StatCom (2011)

A multilevel H-bridge StatCom inherently contains redundancy in the available switching states. This paper develops a variation on the typical model predictive control scheme which is able to exploit this redundancy to simultaneously balance the H-bridge capacitor voltages, provide excellent current reference tracking, and minimize converter switching losses. The scheme consists of a dead-beat current controller that has been integrated with heuristic models of the voltage balancing and switching loss characteristics. The integration of a pulsewidth modulation scheme is also described. Simulation and experimental results are presented that confirm the correct operation of the control and modulation strategies. Comparison with traditional control and modulation schemes is provided in terms of the key performance indicators associated with multilevel H-bridge StatComs.
Spherical tuned liquid damper for vibration control in wind turbines (2013)

A tuned liquid damper (TLD), which consisted of two-layer hemispherical containers, partially filled with water, was investigated as a cost-effective method to reduce the wind-induced vibration of wind turbines. A 1/20 scaled test model was designed to investigate its performance on the shaking table. Three groups of equivalent ground accelerations were inputted to simulate the wind-induced dynamic response under different load cases. The influence of rotors and nacelle was assumed to be a concentrated tip mass. A series of free and forced vibration experiments were performed on the shaking table. The experimental results indicated that the spherical TLD could effectively improve the damping capacity of the test model. The standard deviation of the dynamic response could be effectively reduced when the excitation frequency was approximately equal to its fundamental frequency. For “overspeed” and “extreme operating gust” load cases, the standard deviations of the dynamic responses were reduced more than 40% when the liquid mass was about 2% of the generalized mass; for “parking” load cases, the corresponding standard deviation was reduced more than 50% when the liquid mass was only 1% of the generalized mass. That is to say, the spherical TLD can effectively improve the anti-fatigue performance of the wind turbine tower.
Motion Amplifiers (2016)

We present a sketching tool for crafting animated illustrations that contain the exaggerated dynamics of stylized 2D animations. The system provides a set of motion amplifiers which implement a set of established principles of 2D animation. These amplifiers break down a complex animation effect into independent, understandable chunks. Each amplifier imposes deformations to an underlying grid, which in turn updates the corresponding strokes. Users can combine these amplifiers at will when applying them to an existing animation, promoting rapid experimentation. By leveraging the freeform nature of sketching, our system allows users to rapidly sketch, record motion, explore exaggerated dynamics using the amplifiers, and fine-tune their animations. Practical results confirm that users with no prior experience in animation can produce expressive animated illustrations quickly and easily.
Hormonal Changes in the Grains of Rice Subjected to Water Stress during Grain Filling (2001)

Lodging-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars usually show slow grain filling when nitrogen is applied in large amounts. This study investigated the possibility that a hormonal change may mediate the effect of water deficit that enhances whole plant senescence and speeds up grain filling. Two rice cultivars showing high lodging resistance and slow grain filling were field grown and applied with either normal or high amount nitrogen (HN) at heading. Well-watered and water-stressed (WS) treatments were imposed 9 days post anthesis to maturity. Results showed that WS increased partitioning of fixed (14)CO(2) into grains, accelerated the grain filling rate but shortened the grain filling period, whereas the HN did the opposite way. Cytokinin (zeatin + zeatin riboside) and indole-3-acetic acid contents in the grains transiently increased at early filling stage and WS treatments hastened their declines at the late grain filling stage. Gibberellins (GAs; GA(1) + GA(4)) in the grains were also high at early grain filling but HN enhanced, whereas WS substantially reduced, its accumulation. Opposite to GAs, abscisic acid (ABA) in the grains was low at early grain filling but WS remarkably enhanced its accumulation. The peak values of ABA were significantly correlated with the maximum grain filling rates (r = 0.92**, P < 0.01) and the partitioning of fixed (14)C into grains (r = 0.95**, P < 0.01). Exogenously applied ABA on pot-grown HN rice showed similar results as those by WS. Results suggest that an altered hormonal balance in rice grains by water stress during grain filling, especially a decrease in GAs and an increase in ABA, enhances the remobilization of prestored carbon to the grains and accelerates the grain filling rate.