gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-step synthesis of uniform silver nanoparticles capped by saturated decanoate: direct spray printing ink to form metallic silver films (2009)

The one-step synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of size-controlled silver nanoparticles are described. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric-mass analysis (TGA-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used to characterize the decanoate-protected silver nanoparticles. TEM analysis showed that spherical nanoclusters of 7.52 +/- 0.57 nm were produced. Furthermore, the particle sizes are uniform with a narrow size distribution. For all samples, Ag 3d(5/2) and 3d(3/2) components appeared at 368.5 and 374.5 eV, respectively, in the XPS spectrum; these values compare very well with the typical values of carboxylate-protected Ag nanoparticles. A thermal analysis mass spectrometer was used to analyze the desorption behavior of decanoate-protected nanoparticles. From the desorption maximum temperatures of 181 and 263 degrees C, activation energies of 27.2 and 32.2 kcal mol(-1) for the desorption processes in the Ag MPCs were obtained, assuming a first-order reaction and using a pre-exponential factor of 1 x 10(13) s(-1). A specific resistivity of 6.097 microOmega cm for the silver metal film (0.7 microm) on a Si wafer can be produced simply by thermal annealing of an Ag monolayer-protected clusters film under an atmosphere of 90% N(2)-10% H(2) at 300 degrees C for 1 h.
Direct fermentation of potato starch to ethanol by cocultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)

Direct fermentation of unhydrolyzed potato starch to ethanol by monocultures of an amylolytic fungus, Aspergillus niger, and cocultures of A. niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Amylolytic activity, rate and amount of starch utilization, and ethanol yields increased several-fold in coculture versus the monoculture due to the synergistic metabolic interactions between the species. Optimal ethanol yields were obtained in the pH range 5 to 6 and amylolytic activity was obtained in the pH range 5 to 8. Ethanol yields were maximal when fermentations were conducted anaerobically. Increasing S. cerevisiae inoculum in the coculture from 4 to 12% gave a dramatic increase in the rate of ethanol production, and ethanol yields of greater than 96% of the theoretical maximum were obtained within 2 days of fermentation. These results indicate that simultaneous fermentation of starch to ethanol can be conducted efficiently by using cocultures of the amylolytic fungus A. niger and a nonamylolytic sugar fermenter, S. cerevisiae.
A linear 28nm CMOS digital transmitter with 2&#x00D7;12bit up to LO baseband sampling and &#x2212;58dBc C-IM3 (2014)

This paper presents a 1.2-2.6GHz 2×12 bit Direct Digital RF Modulator (DDRM) realized in 28nm CMOS. The digital cartesian transmitter features baseband sampling speeds up to LO. The intrinsically linear architecture features current-mode operation at 25% duty cycle, which requires less predistortion than existing digital transmitters. The applied digital intensive LO modulation reduces the power consumption of the LO distribution. Except for the output stage at 1.8V, the modulator is powered from 0.9V supply. The DDRM features an OP1dB of 15.5dBm. At 3.9dBm output power, the un-calibrated C-IM3 is better than -42dBc, while the image is below -49dBc. With a simple 1D calibration the C-IM3 can easily be improved to below -58dBc. The modulator's peak drain efficiency at 17.5dBm is 34%.
Modeling and Characterization of On-Chip Transformers for Silicon RFIC (2007)

A broadband and scalable lumped-element model for silicon on-chip transformers is presented. Model elements are driven from layout and process technology specifications. We provide simple and accurate expressions for evaluating the self inductance and the mutual coupling coefficient. The effects of various layout parameters, including transformer area, number of turns, and turns ratio, on transformer electrical response have been investigated. Model accuracy is demonstrated by comparing simulated and measured S-parameters, minimum insertion loss, quality factor, coils inductance, and magnetic coupling of several transformers with a wide range of configurations
Cryopreservation and transfer of pig embryos. (2006)

Recent advances in cryopreservation and non-surgical transfer of pig embryos have made embryo transfer in pigs a commercially viable technology especially for the international transfer of valuable genetic material. Early research demonstrated that early stage pig embryos were highly sensitive to temperatures below 15 degrees C and this sensitivity decreased with development to peri-hatching blastocysts which is accompanied by a reduction in lipid content. Removal of the lipid prior to freezing was found to improve the freezability and resulted in the birth of piglets. It was shown that by polarising the lipid material out of the blastomeres and using ultra rapid freezing (vitrification) the early stage zona pellucida intact embryo would also survive freezing and result in the birth of piglets. Other factors that have contributed to successful cryopreservation of the early stage pig embryo include the use of cytoskeletal stabilising agents, specific cryoprotectants, increasing cooling rates using open pulled straws or micro droplets and assisted hatching. The present review discusses the relative importance of each of these factors. The development of non-surgical transfer technology and its importance in the application of embryo transfer in the pig industry is also reviewed.
Skin color, melanin, and erythema (1973)

Erythema responses in Caucasians and light-, medium-, and dark-complexioned American Negroes were compared. Minimal erythema dose (MED) in various skin shades was correlated with melanosome size, quantity, density, and distribution. No minimal erythema response was found to be typical of Negro skin, but a spectrum of responses was found, depending upon the degree of pigmentation. Dark Negro skin had an MED 33 times that of the Caucasian, contained the greatest density of pigment, and had the largest melanosomes, all singly dispersed. Caucasian skin contained the smallest quantity of pigment and the smallest melanosomes, most of which were contained within melanosome complexes. Measurements for the lightand medium-complexioned Negroes were intermediate. The determining factor as to whether melanosomes are individually dispersed or are taken into complexes is size-dependent. The upper size limit for melanosomes found within complexes in this study was about 0.35μ.
Albumin selectively inhibits TNFα-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (2002)

Our data show that physiological concentrations of albumin selectively inhibit TNF alpha-induced upregulation of VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion, most likely by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation in a GSH-independent manner.
Session 22 other topics (1994)

Biologia plantarum, an international journal for experimental botany founded in 1959 by Professor Bohumil NÄmec. Covers all branches of experimental botany ranging from molecular biology and biotechnology to whole-plant and stand functioning.
Antiretroviral treatments used among adults with HIV infection in Europe (2001)

International guidelines for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection change rapidly. They are mainly based on results from large-scale randomized clinical trials, but also on hypotheses. The objective of the study was to look at the use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in different HIV treatment centres in Europe. Between August 1996 and September 1997 self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed to persons with HIV infection at inpatient and outpatient departments in 11 European countries; 1,366 people completed the questionnaire. Important differences in use of ARVs were noted between different centres. Zidovudine was the drug that was used predominantly in all countries and by 77% of all patients; the use of didanosine, zalcitabine and stavudine differed widely. Use of ARVs was found to be lower for people who reported intravenous drug use (compared to homosexual transmission), people with a low education level, and those with a monthly income lower than 992 Euro. The use of a protease inhibitor containing ARV treatment regimen was significantly lower in the centres in the south of Europe. Between 1996 and 1997, many persons with HIV infection in Europe received a suboptimal ARV treatment regimen. Use of ARVs should be improved for intravenous drug users, persons with lower educational level and lower income.
Prevalence of Motor Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analysis of a Population‐Based Cohort (2019)

Motor impairment is not currently included in the diagnostic criteria or evaluation of autism. This reflects the lack of large-scale studies demonstrating its prominence to advocate for change. We examined the prevalence of motor difficulties at the time of diagnosis in a large sample of children with autism utilizing standardized assessment, and the relationship between motor difficulties, core autism symptomology, and other prominent clinical features. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were administered to children from the Western Australian Register for Autism Spectrum Disorders aged ≤6 years (N = 2,084; 81.2% males, 18.8% females). Prevalence of motor difficulties was quantified based on scores from the motor domain of the Vineland and then compared to other domains of functioning within the Vineland (communication, daily living, and socialization), the DSM criteria, intellectual level, age, and gender. Scores on the Vineland indicated that 35.4% of the sample met criteria for motor difficulties (standard score <70), a rate almost as common as intellectual impairment (37.7%). Motor difficulties were reported by diagnosing clinicians in only 1.34% of cases. Motor difficulties were common in those cases meeting diagnostic criteria for impairments in nonverbal behavior and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of motor difficulties also increased with increasing age of diagnosis (P < 0.001). Findings from the present study highlight the need for further consideration of motor difficulties as a distinct specifier within the diagnostic criteria for ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 298-306. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this population-based cohort that included 2,084 children with autism aged ≤6 years, over one-third met the criteria for motor difficulties, a rate almost as common as intellectual disability. This study demonstrates that motor difficulties are a prominent feature of the autism phenotype requiring further consideration in both the diagnostic criteria and evaluation of autism.
Time-domain microwave cancer screening: Optimized pulse shaping applied to realistically shaped breast phantoms (2012)

We compare the tumor detection ability of a time-domain microwave radar system for breast cancer screening fed with two different pulses. We conduct measurements on highly realistic breast phantoms using as inputs to our system both a generic pulse and a pulse reshaped with a synthesized broadband reflector (SBR) designed to have a frequency profile advantageous for tumor detection. We perform measurements with various tumor sizes and locations, as well as antenna positions. Our results in both time-domain and frequency-domain demonstrate that this pulse shaping technique is beneficial in both improving the tumor response and increasing the system efficiency.
A Self-switching Bistable Artificial Muscle Actuator (2006)

We present a self-motivating and self-switching bistable structure using bending actuators or artificial muscles. By exploiting the inherent bi-stability in buckled beam and buckled plate structures we have designed a bistable actuator that requires no energy to maintain either of the two stable states. In addition to bistable characteristics we show how such a structure, if constructed from a bending actuator (artificial muscle) such as ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC), may actively switch itself between stable states. Thus the self-switching bistable actuator is an extremely simple and elegant design that requires none of the external actuating mechanics traditionally used. In the analysis we consider the nature of bistable buckled beams and their internal stresses and we propose actuating schema for the movement from one stable state to another. We show how segmentation of a strip actuator can be matched to the desired bistable structure and the intended switching motion. We consider the characteristic buckling modes of axially compressed beams and show how these can suggest efficient control and switching mechanisms. We also present some example applications from the micro-scale upwards, including a tactile display device
The mydriatic effect of tropicamide on light and dark irides. (1977)

Tropicamide 0.5% was topically applied to the eyes of thirteen subjects to study its effectiveness as a mydriatic. A comparison was made between the subjects with light colored irides and those with dark brown irides, and also between those who had worn contact lenses previous to dilation and those who had not. Results indicate that a minimum pupil size of 6 mm was achieved within 25 minutes after instillation and this dilation was independent of iris pigmentation. Typically, IOP was reduced during dilation with tropicamide.
Measurement of the Persistence Length of Cytoskeletal Filaments using Curvature Distributions (2018)

Abstract Cytoskeletal filaments such as microtubules and actin filaments play important roles in the mechanical integrity of cells and the ability of cells to respond to their environment. Measuring the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal structures is crucial for gaining insight into intracellular mechanical stresses and their role in regulating cellular processes. One of the ways to characterize these mechanical properties is by measuring their persistence length, the average length over which filaments stay straight. There are several approaches in the literature for measuring filament deformations, including Fourier analysis of images obtained using fluorescence microscopy. Here, we show how curvature distributions can be used as an alternative tool to quantify bio-filament deformations, and investigate how the apparent stiffness of filaments depends on the resolution and noise of the imaging system. We present analytical calculations of the scaling curvature distributions as a function of filament discretization, and test our predictions by comparing Monte Carlo simulations to results from existing techniques. We also apply our approach to microtubules and actin filaments obtained from in vitro gliding assay experiments with high densities of non-functional motors, and calculate the persistence length of these filaments. The presented curvature analysis is significantly more accurate compared to existing approaches for small data sets, and can be readily applied to both in vitro or in vivo filament data through the use of an ImageJ plugin we provide.
MicroRNA-29 induces cellular senescence in aging muscle through multiple signaling pathways (2014)

The mechanisms underlying the development of aging-induced muscle atrophy are unclear. By microRNA array and individual qPCR analyses, we found significant up-regulation of miR-29 in muscles of aged rodents vs. results in young. With aging, p85α, IGF-1 and B-myb muscle levels were lower while the expression of certain cell arrest proteins (p53, p16 and pRB) increased. When miR-29 was expressed in muscle progenitor cells (MPC), their proliferation was impaired while SA-βgal expression increased signifying the development of senescence. Impaired MPC proliferation resulted from interactions between miR-29 and the 3'-UTR of p85a, IGF-1 and B-myb, suppressing the translation of these mediators of myoblast proliferation. In vivo, electroporation of miR-29 into muscles of young mice suppressed the proliferation and increased levels of cellular arrest proteins, recapitulating aging-induced responses in muscle. A potential stimulus of miR-29 expression is Wnt-3a since we found that exogenous Wnt-3a stimulated miR-29 expression 2.7-fold in primary cultures of MPCs. Thus, aging-induced muscle senescence results from activation of miR-29 by Wnt-3a leading to suppressed expression of several signaling proteins (p85α, IGF-1 and B-myb) that act coordinately to impair the proliferation of MPCs contributing to muscle atrophy. The increase in miR-29 provides a potential mechanism for aging-induced sarcopenia.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Paradoxical network excitation by glutamate release from VGluT3+ GABAergic interneurons. (2020)

In violation of Dale's principle several neuronal subtypes utilize more than one classical neurotransmitter. Molecular identification of vesicular glutamate transporter three and cholecystokinin expressing cortical interneurons (CCK+VGluT3+INTs) has prompted speculation of GABA/glutamate corelease from these cells for almost two decades despite a lack of direct evidence. We unequivocally demonstrate CCK+VGluT3+INT-mediated GABA/glutamate cotransmission onto principal cells in adult mice using paired recording and optogenetic approaches. Although under normal conditions, GABAergic inhibition dominates CCK+VGluT3+INT signaling, glutamatergic signaling becomes predominant when glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) function is compromised. CCK+VGluT3+INTs exhibit surprising anatomical diversity comprising subsets of all known dendrite targeting CCK+ interneurons in addition to the expected basket cells, and their extensive circuit innervation profoundly dampens circuit excitability under normal conditions. However, in contexts where the glutamatergic phenotype of CCK+VGluT3+INTs is amplified, they promote paradoxical network hyperexcitability which may be relevant to disorders involving GAD dysfunction such as schizophrenia or vitamin B6 deficiency. PMID: 32053107 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS081297 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UG3 MH120096 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 NS074972 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 MH111529 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 MH071679
A NEW SHORT FEMORAL NECK PROSTHESIS: DESIGN RATIONALE AND TWO YEARS FOLLOW UP (2018)

IntroductionThe Primoris® femoral stem was designed to preserve bone and maintain normal stress to the proximal femur, thereby minimizing stress-shielding. The implant is anchored in the femoral ne...
A widespread peroxiredoxin-like domain present in tumor suppression- and progression-implicated proteins (2010)

The new protein structural domain, now with a broad enzymatic function predicted, may become a drug target once its detailed molecular mechanism of action is understood in detail.
Substrate optimization based on semi-analytical techniques (1999)

Several methods are presented for highly efficient calculation of substrate noise transport in integrated circuits. A three-dimensional Green's function-based boundary element method, accelerated through use of the fast Fourier transform, allows the computation of sensitivities with respect to all substrate parameters at a considerably higher speed than any methods reported in the literature. Substrate sensitivities are used in a number of physical optimization tools, such as placement and trend analysis. The aim is a fast and accurate estimation of the impact of technology migration and/or layout redesign on substrate noise and, ultimately, on the circuit's overall performance. The suitability of the approach is shown through industrial-strength mixed-mode integrated circuits fabricated on a standard CMOS process.
Ultrasonic particle concentration in a line-driven cylindrical tube (2005)

Acoustic particle manipulation has many potential uses in flow cytometry and microfluidic array applications. Currently, most ultrasonic particle positioning devices utilize a quasi-one-dimensional geometry to set up the positioning field. A transducer fit with a quarter-wave matching layer, locally drives a cavity of width one-half wavelength. Particles within the cavity experience a time-averaged drift force that transports them to a nodal position. Present research investigates an acoustic particle-positioning device where the acoustic excitation is generated by the entire structure, as opposed to a localized transducer. The lowest-order structural modes of a long cylindrical glass tube driven by a piezoceramic with a line contact are tuned, via material properties and aspect ratio, to match resonant modes of the fluid-filled cavity. The cylindrical geometry eliminates the need for accurate alignment of a transducer/reflector system, in contrast to the case of planar or confocal fields. Experiments show that the lower energy density in the cavity, brought about through excitation of the whole cylindrical tube, results in reduced cavitation, convection, and thermal gradients. The effects of excitation and material parameters on concentration quality are theoretically evaluated, using two-dimensional elastodynamic equations describing the fluid-filled cylindrical shell with a line excitation.
Several Nuclear Events during Apoptosis Depend on Caspase-3 Activation but Do Not Constitute a Common Pathway (2009)

A number of nuclear events occur during apoptosis, including DNA laddering, nuclear lamina breakdown, phosphorylation of histones H2B and histone H2AX, and the tight binding to chromatin of HMGB1 and CAD, the nuclease responsible for DNA laddering. We have performed an epistasis analysis to investigate whether these events cluster together in pathways. We find that all depend directly or indirectly on caspase-3 activation. CAD activation, H2AX phosphorylation and DNA laddering cluster together into a pathway, but all other events appear to be independent of each other downstream of caspase-3, and likely evolved subject to different functional pressures.
Depression of the lymphocyte transformation response to microbial antigens and to phytohemagglutinin during pregnancy. (1983)

Lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses to Chlamydia trachomatis, to four other microbial antigens, and to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in 201 women during pregnancy and/or 3-18 wk postpartum. The LT responses to all stimulants tested were significantly depressed during pregnancy when compared with postpartum LT responses. This difference occurred whether LT assays were performed in autologous or pooled heterologous plasma collected from nonpregnant donors. Among women studied in the third trimester and again postpartum, the autologous LT stimulation index (LTSI) rose from 1.7 to 3.4 (P less than 0.001) with C. trachomatis elementary body antigen, from 3.7 to 7.9 (P less than 0.001) with Candida albicans cell wall extract, from 4.5 to 7.8 (P = 0.008) with streptokinase-streptodornase, from 1.7 to 3.0 (P = 0.007) with fluid tetanus toxoid, from 1.7 to 2.8 (P = 0.046) with mumps virus skin test antigen, from 35.5 to 87.0 (P less than 0.001) with PHA (2 micrograms/ml), and from 107.2 to 181.9 (P = 0.007) with PHA (10 micrograms/ml). LT responses to C. trachomatis were compared in 52 pregnant women and 58 nonpregnant women; all the women had C. trachomatis isolated at the time of LT assay. Using either plasma supplement, the mean LTSI with C. trachomatis antigen was significantly higher in nonpregnant women than in pregnant women, regardless of trimester (P less than 0.001). Among 12 women who were serially tested and remained culture positive for C. trachomatis throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, the mean autologous LTSI rose from 1.9 in the third trimester to 7.8 postpartum (P = 0.0004). These data are the first to show that the immune response to an ongoing bacterial infection is depressed during pregnancy and to definitively document the depressed LT responses during human pregnancy.