gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T-cell subset alterations and lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens and antigen during severe primary infection with HIV (1990)

Seven consecutive patients who presented with a severe acute mononucleosis-like illness associated with HIV seroconversion were evaluated by T-cell subset enumerations and measurements of lymphocyte transformation responses to mitogens and antigen during both their primary illness and a 1-year follow-up period. We observed a characteristic pattern of response to primary HIV infection; initial lymphopenia was followed by CD8 lymphocytosis and inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio. During follow-up, the CD8 count gradually returned to normal, whereas the CD4:CD8 ratio remained inverted because of a relatively low number of CD4 lymphocytes. Primary infection was followed by prolonged and severe cellular hyporesponsiveness to both mitogens and antigen. At the last follow-up, responses to pokeweed mitogen were still severely impaired, with a median 19% (range 7-50%) of that observed in healthy controls. We conclude that severe primary HIV infection may be followed by sustained lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness, a sustained low percentage of CD4 lymphocytes and sustained inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio.
The Rheology of Inorganic Glasses (1968)

The purpose of this review is to inform those whose interests have been primarily in the rheology of organic polymers and simple liquids as to the similarities and differences between the inorganic glasses and these substances. The inorganic glasses act more like molecular liquids than like polymers; although there have been some reports of a yield stress for flow in the high-viscosity range, these have not been widely confirmed, and the best available evidence is that the inorganic glasses are Newtonian liquids under the usual stress levels used to measure viscosity (106–1010dynes/cm2 near, but above, T0). In the transformation range the viscosity is time-dependent as volume (or more generally structural) relaxation occurs. Study of these processes permit two conclusions: a single internal ordering variable is insufficient to describe the state, and the free volume concept for viscosity is inadequate, at least in its original form. Of the various equations for viscosity so far proposed, that due Adam and Gibbs appears to offer the widest range of satisfactory agreement. It is based on a reintroduction of the concept of an activation energy for flow, and in the author's view, such a picture offers the best hope of explaining not only the ordinary rheology of glass but the highly nonlinear and presumably related phenomenona of cold flow in polymers and plasticity in inorganic glasses.
Comment on ‘Stochastic optimization of water supply expansion’ by M. G. V. Bogle and M. J. O'Sullivan (1980)

After developing a method gor solving the problem of scheduling water supply 'plant' expansion given a fixed capacity reservoir, Bogle and O'Sullivan [1979] attempt to apply this method to a 'real' system. Their results, shown in Figures 3 land 4, must have been a shock to water supply managers faced with the problem of making plant expansion decisions. Instead of making expansions to major plants in 10-to 30year increments, as is the usual practice, the authors indicated
Quality of Preventive Medical Care for Patients With Mental Disorders (2002)

In this sample of patients in active medical treatment, rates of preventive services were higher than rates reported for population-based, private-sector samples. Despite these high-baseline rates, persons with psychiatric disorders, particularly with comorbid substance use, were at risk for lower rate of receipt of preventive services.
Semiconductor lasers fabricated by selective area epitaxy (1991)

For the first time, semiconductor lasers grown entirely by selective area epitaxy are reported. The lasers were formed by in situ processing techniques and metal organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). A 50 Å thick layer of Si deposited on the InP substrate was used as a mask for both the selective growth and etching. Laser stripes, 6 μm wide, were delineated by a focused Ga-ion beam and transferred into the substrate by Cl2 etching. These steps were performed in the vacuum chambers attached to the MBE machine. Separate confinement heterostructure GaInAsP/InP lasers were grown selectively in the stripes. The resulting devices emit at 1.3 μm and show threshold currents of 40 mA.
Quantitative estimate of synaptic inputs to striatal neurons during up and down states in vitro. (2003)

Up states are prolonged membrane potential depolarizations critical for synaptic integration and action potential generation in cortical and striatal neurons. They commonly result from numerous concurrent synaptic inputs, whereas neurons reside in a down state when synaptic inputs are few. By quantifying the composition, frequency, and amplitude of synaptic inputs for both states, we provide important constraints for state transitions in striatal network dynamics. Up and down states occur naturally in cortex-striatum-substantia nigra cocultures, which were used as an in vitro model in the present study. Spontaneous synaptic inputs during down states were extracted automatically in spiny projection neurons and fast spiking interneurons of the striatum using a newly developed computer algorithm. Consistent with a heterogeneous population of synaptic inputs, PSPs and PSCs showed no correlation in amplitude and rise time and occurred at relatively low frequencies of 10-40 Hz during the down state. The number of synaptic inputs during up states, estimated from the up-state charge and the unitary charge of down-state PSCs, was 217 +/- 44. Given the average up-state duration of 284 +/- 34 msec, synaptic input frequency was approximately 800 Hz during up-states for both neuronal types. Many down-state events reversed at the chloride reversal potential and were blocked by GABA(A) antagonists. The high correlation between up- and down-state reversal potential suggests that despite these drastic changes in synaptic input frequency, the ratio of inhibitory to excitatory currents is similar during both states.
On delivery guarantees of face and combined greedy-face routing in ad hoc and sensor networks (2006)

It was recently reported that all known face and combined greedy-face routing variants cannot guarantee message delivery in arbitrary undirected planar graphs. The purpose of this article is to clarify that this is not the truth in general. We show that specifically in relative neighborhood and Gabriel graphs recovery from a greedy routing failure is always possible without changing between any adjacent faces. Guaranteed delivery then follows from guaranteed recovery while traversing the very first face. In arbitrary graphs, however, a proper face selection mechanism is of importance since recovery from a greedy routing failure may require visiting a sequence of faces before greedy routing can be restarted again. A prominent approach is to visit a sequence of faces which are intersected by the line connecting the source and destination node. Whenever encountering an edge which is intersecting with this line, the critical part is to decide if face traversal has to change to the next adjacent one or not. Failures may occur from incorporating face routing procedures that force to change the traversed face at each intersection. Recently observed routing failures which were produced by the GPSR protocol in arbitrary planar graphs result from incorporating such a face routing variant. They cannot be constructed by the well known GFG algorithm which does not force changing the face anytime. Beside methods which visit the faces intersected by the source destination line, we discuss face routing variants which simply restart face routing whenever the next face has to be explored. We give the first complete and formal proofs that several proposed face routing, and combined greedyface routing schemes do guarantee delivery in specific graph classes or even any arbitrary planar graphs. We also discuss the reasons why other methods may fail to deliver a message or even end up in a loop.
Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to a Virus: An Integrated Learning Module (2018)

This module illustrates an approach to integrating basic science disciplines in order to facilitate students' understanding of the mechanisms underlying patients' clinical presentations. Survey results indicated that students valued the module as a self-directed learning component that integrated essential clinical concepts. The module was a helpful tool for students to evaluate their comprehension of immunology in a clinical context and can be used as required or optional material.
HPLC-based activity profiling for GABAA receptor modulators from Homalomena occulta rhizomes using zebrafish larval locomotor activity assay (2017)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system, and a key target for numerous clinically important drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia and epilepsy. A dichloromethane extract from rhizomes of Homalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott (Araceae) potentiated GABA-induced chloride currents in a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human GABAA receptors. The same extract was tested in a zebrafish larval locomotor activity assay in which larval locomotion is provoked with the GABAA receptor antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) [1]. A significant lowering of PTZ-provoked locomotion was observed in larvae pretreated with the extract for 3h. GABAergic activity in the extract was tracked by HPLC-based activity profiling. Reduced larval locomotion was observed with the microfraction collected between 24 – 27 min (A). Compounds in this time window were purified by a combination of normal and reverse phase chromatography, and their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS. Compounds were identified as 3-substituted phenols bearing alkyl/alkenyl chains or benzo-alkyl/benzo-alkenyl moieties as represented in 1 and 2, respectively (B).
UV Curing of Perfluoropolyether Oligomers Containing Graphene Nanosheets to Enhance Water‐Vapor Barrier Properties (2014)

Recently, graphene and its derivative nanosheets have been considered as potential candidates for gas barrier membranes. Here, the effect on the water‐vapor barrier properties of incorporating graphene nanoplatelets into a UV‐curable perfluoropolyether methacrylic oligo­mer is investigated. By combining the hydrophobicity of the highly fluorinated polymer with the tortuous path induced by the graphene sheets, the barrier properties of the crosslinked films are further enhanced, acting both on the thermodynamic (low solubility) and kinetic (longer diffusion path) contribution of the water‐vapor diffusion through the polymeric films. Good performance in increasing water‐vapor barrier properties at a very low filler loading is obtained: the permeability is halved in the presence of only 0.3 wt% graphene. image
Identifying Genes Associated with a Quantitative Trait or Quantitative Trait Locus via Selective Transcriptional Profiling (2005)

Genetical genomics is an approach that blends the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with microarray analysis. The approach can be used to identify associations between the allelic state of a genomic region and a gene's transcript abundance. However, the large number of microarrays required for adequate power results in high material and labor costs that prevent wide adoption of the genetical genomics strategy outside of some well-funded laboratories. We present a method called selective transcriptional profiling that involves selecting an optimal subset of individuals to microarray from a larger set of individuals for which relatively inexpensive quantitative trait and molecular marker data are available. We show how to use microarray data from the selected individuals, along with the trait and marker data from all individuals, to identify genes whose transcript abundance is associated with a quantitative trait of interest through linkage to a trait QTL or correlation with the trait. Our methods for selection and analysis are derived within a missing data framework.
Implant Experience with Unipolar Polyurethane Pacing Leads (1983)

A total of 905 unipolar polyurethane pacing leads have been implanted by the first author's group, between April 1978 and February 1982, with a mean implant time of 1.4 years. Twelve leads were explanled and analyzed. Eleven of the explanled leads exhibited some degree of surface damage or “frosting.” Of the 11, five atrial (Medtronic 6991 U) and one ventricular (Medtronic 6971) lead suffered complete insulation failure. One lead was completely free from surface damage, Clinically, insulation failure presented as muscie stimulation and/or battery depletion. Surface damage appears to be due to an environmental stress cracking (ESC) mechanism. ESC requires both a surface active agent from the hostile biological environment, and stress in excess of a threshold value. The minor surface damage or “frosting” of the eleven explanted leads was typically 10 to 15 microns deep on leads implanted about one year, although one device (15 months) had 30 micron cracks. No lead failures in this series were attributed to this shallow cracking mechanism. The severe cracking of the six Medtronic leads leading to insulation failure was thought to be due to the unusually high tensile stresses imposed by manufacturing processes and ligatures. The incidence of failure was 7% (5/74) for the Medtronic 6991 U and 0.2% (1/454) for the Medtronic 6971, Medtronic lead manufacturing processes have been modified to reduce the high residual tensile stresses and a fixation sleeve has been added to reduce ligature stress.
INHIBITOR ACTION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN OXIDATION OF ETHYLENE TO ETHYLENE OXIDE (1989)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: InhibitorActionChlorinatedHydrocarbonsEthyleneOxidation
Modélisation déterminisme d'un schéma de sélection avicole (2017)

Modeling a selection scheme enables to vary its parameters and to compare different organizations through thepredicted genetic gains. This is a useful tool for professionals. The deterministic modeling consists in estimatingthe breeder true breeding value expectation after a selection process based on estimated breeding values and onthe different parameters describing the population and the selection process. This model is based on a layerchicken selection scheme with a breeding goal composed of numerous traits. This is a two steps model thatcombines an individual selection process and a familial one. Within selected families, candidates from the goodfamilies are undergoing a mass selection whereas candidates from medium families are undergoing a withinfamily selection of a fixed number of candidates. The variability of the parameters composing the model enablesto compare a large diversity of scenarios. To illustrate the usefulness of this model, we compared differentscenarios varying for the familial selection rate: its increase leads to an increase of the predicted genetic gainuntil it reaches a plateau. An example of comparison between genetic and genomic models is also given in thisarticle, as this model can be used as a basis to explore all the possibilities brought by genomic selection.
Platinum-Free Cathode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Formed via Oxidative Molecular Layer Deposition (2015)

Thin ∼ 20 nm conformal poly(3,4-ehylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films are incorporated in highly conductive mesoporous indium tin oxide (m-ITO) by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD). These three-dimensional catalytic/conductive networks are successfully employed as Pt-free cathodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with open circuit voltage equivalent to Pt cathode devices. Thin and conformal PEDOT films on m-ITO by oMLD create high surface area and efficient electron transport paths to promote productive reduction reaction on the PEDOT film. Because of these two synergetic effects, PEDOT-coated m-ITO by oMLD shows power conversion efficiency, 7.18%, comparable to 7.26% of Pt, and higher than that of planar PEDOT coatings, which is 4.85%. Thus, PEDOT-coated m-ITO is an exceptional opportunity to compete with Pt catalysts for low-cost energy conversion devices.
A Redefinition of Ischyropalpus, and Six New Species (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) (1965)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Vorhersage der MOF‐Synthese durch automatisches Data‐Mining und maschinelles Lernen** (2022)

Abstract Trotz großer Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der metallorganischen Gerüststrukturen (MOF) ist das volle Potential des Maschinellen Lernens (ML) für die Vorhersage von MOF‐Syntheseparametern bisher noch nicht erschlossen. In diesem Beitrag wird dargestellt, wie Methoden des ML für die Rationalisierung und Beschleunigung von MOF‐Entwicklungsverfahren eingesetzt werden können, indem die Synthesebedingungen der MOFs direkt anhand ihrer Kristallstruktur vorhergesagt werden. Unser Ansatz stützt sich auf: i) die Erstellung der ersten MOF‐Synthese‐Datenbank durch automatische Extraktion der Syntheseparameter aus der Fachliteratur, ii) das Trainieren und die Optimierung von ML‐Modellen mit Daten der MOF‐Datenbank und iii) die ML basierte Vorhersage der Synthesebedingungen neuer MOF‐Strukturen. Schon jetzt übertreffen die Ergebnisse der Vorhersagemodelle die Vorhersagen menschlicher ExpertInnen, welche in einer Befragung ermittelt wurden. Die automatisierte Synthesevorhersage ist über ein Web‐Tool unter https://mof‐synthesis.aimat.science verfügbar.
Enhanced Elemental Mercury Removal from Coal-Fired Flue Gas by Sulfur−Chlorine Compounds (2009)

Oxidation of Hg(0) with any oxidant or converting itto a particle-bound form can facilitate its removal. Two sulfur-chlorine compounds, sulfur dichloride (SCl2) and sulfur monochloride (S2Cl2), were investigated as oxidants for Hg(0) by gas-phase reaction and by surface-involved reactions in the presence of flyash or activated carbon. The gas-phase reaction between Hg(0) and SCl2 is shown to be more rapid than the gas-phase reaction with chlorine, and the second order rate constant was 9.1 (+/- 0.5) x 10(-18) mL-molecules(-1) x s(-1) at 373 K. The presence of flyash or powdered activated carbon in flue gas can substantially accelerate the reaction. The predicted Hg(0) removal is about 90% with 5 ppm SCl2 or S2Cl2 and 40 g/m3 of flyash in flue gas. The combination of activated carbon and sulfur-chlorine compounds is an effective alternative. We estimate that coinjection of 3-5 ppm of SCl2 (or S2Cl2) with 2-3 Lb/MMacf of untreated Darco-KB is comparable in efficiency to the injection of 2-3 Lb/MMacf Darco-Hg-LH. Extrapolation of kinetic results also indicates that 90% of Hg(0) can be removed if 3 Lb/MMacf of Darco-KB pretreated with 3% of SCl2 or S2Cl2 is used. Mercuric sulfide was identified as one of the principal products of the Hg(0)/SCl2 or Hg(0)/S2Cl2 reactions. Additionally, about 8% of SCl2 or S2Cl2 in aqueous solutions is converted to sulfide ions, which would precipitate mercuric ion from FGD solution.
Multicast Group Membership Discovery MIB (2009)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.In particular, it describes objects used for managing the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol.
Cellular ferroelectrets for soft matter integrated devices with advanced functionality (2008)

In this paper, a selection of some functional polymer elements are introduced, interfacing with thin film transistors is discussed and an example for a flexible touchpad of utmost simplicity is presented. This leads to thin stretchable transducer- and sensor skin arrays which we propose. Special emphasis is laid on piezoelectric cellular ferroelectrets which offer not only a wealth of applications but seem also ideally suited as efficient electroactive materials for a low cost all- polymer device technology.
Rapid Post-Disaster Evaluation of Building Damage Using Augmented Situational Visualization (2005)

This paper presents research being conducted at the University of Michigan to design and implement a new reconnaissance technology to rapidly evaluate damage to buildings in the aftermath of natural and human-perpetrated disasters (e.g. earthquakes, explosions). The technology being designed will allow on-site damage inspectors to retrieve previously stored building information, superimpose that information onto a real building in augmented reality, and evaluate damage, structural integrity, and safety by measuring and interpreting key differences between a baseline image and the real facility view. In addition, by using feedback from the actual building view, it will be possible to update structural analysis models and conduct detailed what-if simulations to explore how a building might collapse if critical structural members fail, or how the building's stability could best be enhanced by strengthening key structural members. All damage evaluation analyses will be conducted on-site, in real-time, and at a very low cost. This will enable a quantum leap over current damage evaluation practices that are significantly prolonged, expensive to conduct, and often inaccurate. The objectives of this paper are to introduce the overall framework being developed and to present details on the method of rapidly computing global building damage measures using augmented reality.
Using Supervised Learning to Estimate Inequality in the Size and Persistence of Income Shocks (2023)

Household responses to income shocks are important drivers of financial fragility, the evolution of wealth inequality, and the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy. Traditional approaches to measuring the size and persistence of income shocks are based on restrictive econometric models that impose strong homogeneity across households and over time. In this paper, we propose a more flexible, machine learning framework for estimating income shocks that allows for variation across all observable features and time horizons. First, we propose non-parametric estimands for shocks and shock persistence. We then show how to estimate these quantities by using off-the-shelf supervised learning tools to approximate the conditional expectation of future income given present information. We solve this income prediction problem in a large Icelandic administrative dataset, and then use the estimated shocks to document several features of labor income risk in Iceland that are not captured by standard economic income models.
Exploiting parameter sparsity in model-based reconstruction to accelerate proton density and T 2 mapping (2014)

T2 mapping is a powerful noninvasive technique providing quantitative biological information of the inherent tissue properties. However, its clinical usage is limited due to the relative long scanning time. This paper proposed a novel model-based method to address this problem. Typically, we directly estimated the relaxation values from undersampled k-space data by exploiting the sparse property of proton density and T2 map in a penalized maximum likelihood formulation. An alternating minimization approach was presented to estimate the relaxation maps separately. Both numerical phantom and in vivo experiment dataset were used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. We showed that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of detail preservation and artifact suppression with various reduction factors and in both moderate and heavy noise circumstances. The superior reconstruction performance validated its promising potential in fast T2 mapping applications.
Towards Plenoptic Multi-View Imaging (2015)

Plenoptic imaging provides 3-D data in a single acquisition. Combining a plenoptic camera and mirrors to create a plenoptic multi-view system is explored. Results show the benefit of post-acquisition refocusing and 3-D reconstruction.