gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Glancing Incidence XRay Analysis (1997)

In many technological applications layered materials have an increasing importance. Almost complete characterization of such materials can be achieved with glancing incidence x-ray analysis (GIXA). Within this technique, x-ray reflectivity and angle-dependent x-ray fluorescence measurements are combined, resulting in a structural and chemical analysis of the samples. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring multiple diversification strategies for academic citation contexts recommendation (2020)

Purpose Citation contexts have been found useful in many scenarios. However, existing context-based recommendations ignored the importance of diversity in reducing the redundant issues and thus cannot cover the broad range of user interests. To address this gap, the paper aims to propose a novelty task that can recommend a set of diverse citation contexts extracted from a list of citing articles. This will assist users in understanding how other scholars have cited an article and deciding which articles they should cite in their own writing. Design/methodology/approach This research combines three semantic distance algorithms and three diversification re-ranking algorithms for the diversifying recommendation based on the CiteSeer X data set and then evaluates the generated citation context lists by applying a user case study on 30 articles. Findings Results show that a diversification strategy that combined “word2vec” and “Integer Linear Programming” leads to better reading experience for participants than other diversification strategies, such as CiteSeer X using a list sorted by citation counts. Practical implications This diversifying recommendation task is valuable for developing better systems in information retrieval, automatic academic recommendations and summarization. Originality/value The originality of the research lies in the proposal of a novelty task that can recommend a diversification context list describing how other scholars cited an article, thereby making citing decisions easier. A novel mixed approach is explored to generate the most efficient diversifying strategy. Besides, rather than traditional information retrieval evaluation, a user evaluation framework is introduced to reflect user information needs more objectively.
Short acting soft mydriatics (1991)

Three soft drug analogs of atropine have been tested for mydriatic activity in rabbits' eyes and their in vitro metabolic pathway has been investigated in rat, rabbit and human blood. The three soft drugs were found to produce an equieffective mydriatic activity to atropine and tropicamide. At equieffective concentrations, their durations were shorter with AUC's 12-21% that of 0.25% atropine and 44-80% that of 0.2% tropicamide. The untreated control eyes were observed to dilate after unilateral ocular administration of atropine, but not with unilateral soft drug treatment. In vitro stability studies showed that the soft ethyl analog was less stable in rat blood and rat liver homogenate than in rabbit or human blood. The metabolic product of the soft ethyl derivative in biological media was proven to be the corresponding inactive acidic metabolite predicted by the soft drug design. The ultrashort durations and the potentially nontoxic systemic properties of the soft mydriatics offer promise for use in ophthalmoscopy and in other ocular procedures where a short acting anticholinergic type of mydriatic would be indicated.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Sympathetic Nervous System and Perfusion in Normal and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts with Dynamic Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (2015)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the sympathetic nervous system and structure remodeling during the progression of heart failure in a rodent model using dynamic cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model was used to study changes in the nervous system innervation and perfusion in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium with the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to heart failure. Longitudinal dynamic SPECT studies were performed with seven SHR and seven Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats over 1.5 years using a dual-head SPECT scanner with pinhole collimators. Time-activity curves (TACs) of the 123I-MIBG and 201Tl distribution in the LV blood pool and myocardium were extracted from dynamic SPECT data and fitted to compartment models to determine the influx rate, washout rate, and distribution volume (DV) of 123I-MIBG and 201Tl in the LV myocardium. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 123I-MIBG and 201Tl in the LV myocardium were also calculated from the static reconstructed images. The influx and washout rates of 123I-MIBG did not show a significant difference between SHRs and WKY rats. The DVs of 123I-MIBG were greater in the SHRs than in the WKY rats (p = .0028). Specifically, the DV of 123I-MIBG became greater in the SHRs by 6 months of age (p = .0017) and was still significant at the age of 22 months. The SUV of 123I-MIBG in SHRs exhibited abnormal values compared to WKY rats from the age of 18 months. There was no difference in the influx rate and the washout rate of 201Tl between the SHRs and WKY rats. The SHRs exhibited greater DV of 201Tl than WKY rats after the age of 18 months (p = .034). The SUV of 201Tl in SHRs did not show any significant difference from WKY at all ages. The higher DV of 123I-MIBG in the LV myocardium reveals abnormal nervous system activity of the SHRs at an age of 6 months, whereas a greater DV of 201Tl in the LV myocardium can only be detected at an age of 18 months. The results show that the abnormal nervous system activity appears earlier than perfusion. Furthermore, the comparison between the DV and the SUV indicates that dynamic SPECT with 123I-MIBG and 201Tl with the kinetic parameter DV is capable of detecting abnormalities of the LV at an early age.
A new preparation of triarylsulfonium and -selenonium salts via the copper(II)-catalyzed arylation of sulfides and selenides with diaryliodonium salts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new preparation of triarylsulfonium and -selenonium salts via the copper(II)-catalyzed arylation of sulfides and selenides with diaryliodonium saltsJames V. Crivello and Julia H. W. LamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 15, 3055–3058Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00409a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00409a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1338Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The transition state for formation of the peptide bond in the ribosome (2006)

Using quantum mechanics and exploiting known crystallographic coordinates of tRNA substrate located in the ribosome peptidyl transferase center around the 2-fold axis, we have investigated the mechanism for peptide-bond formation. The calculation is based on a choice of 50 atoms assumed to be important in the mechanism. We used density functional theory to optimize the geometry and energy of the transition state (TS) for peptide-bond formation. The TS is formed simultaneously with the rotatory motion enabling the translocation of the A-site tRNA 3' end into the P site, and we estimated the magnitude of rotation angle between the A-site starting position and the place at which the TS occurs. The calculated TS activation energy, E(a), is 35.5 kcal (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ)/mol, and the increase in hydrogen bonding between the rotating A-site tRNA and ribosome nucleotides as the TS forms appears to stabilize it to a value qualitatively estimated to be approximately 18 kcal/mol. The optimized geometry corresponds to a structure in which the peptide bond is being formed as other bonds are being broken, in such a manner as to release the P-site tRNA so that it may exit as a free molecule and be replaced by the translocating A-site tRNA. At TS formation the 2' OH group of the P-site tRNA A76 forms a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group of the amino acid attached to the A-site tRNA, which may be indicative of its catalytic role, consistent with recent biochemical experiments.
Vimentin as a Multifaceted Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Infections (2020)

Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that plays key roles in integration of cytoskeletal functions, and therefore in basic cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Consequently, vimentin has complex implications in pathophysiology. Vimentin is required for a proper immune response, but it can also act as an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases or as a damage signal. Although vimentin is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, it can also appear at extracellular locations, either in a secreted form or at the surface of numerous cell types, often in relation to cell activation, inflammation, injury or senescence. Cell surface targeting of vimentin appears to associate with the occurrence of certain posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and/or oxidative damage. At the cell surface, vimentin can act as a receptor for bacterial and viral pathogens. Indeed, vimentin has been shown to play important roles in virus attachment and entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), dengue and encephalitis viruses, among others. Moreover, the presence of vimentin in specific virus-targeted cells and its induction by proinflammatory cytokines and tissue damage contribute to its implication in viral infection. Here, we recapitulate some of the pathophysiological implications of vimentin, including the involvement of cell surface vimentin in interaction with pathogens, with a special focus on its role as a cellular receptor or co-receptor for viruses. In addition, we provide a perspective on approaches to target vimentin, including antibodies or chemical agents that could modulate these interactions to potentially interfere with viral pathogenesis, which could be useful when multi-target antiviral strategies are needed .
Prestressing with Unbonded Internal or External Tendons: Analysis and Computer Model (2002)

A method of analysis is presented to predict the behavior of prestressed concrete structures with internal or external tendons up to ultimate. The structure is modeled as an assemblage of plane frame members connected at nodes. The prestressing tendon is treated as a member with a small moment of inertia connected to the structural nodes with short arms. Because the centroidal axis changes with cracking and time-dependent effects, the nodes are located on an arbitrarily chosen axis called the reference axis. The analysis includes the effects of tension stiffening, and geometric and material nonlinearities. Any nonlinear stress–strain relationship for concrete and reinforcements can be applied. The analysis accounts for friction and slip of external tendons at deviators, variation of tendon eccentricity with applied load (geometric nonlinearity), and opening of joints in precast segmental construction. The computer program developed to perform the analysis method is verified using experiments on simple and continuous beams with internal or external tendons.
Catechin concentrates of garden tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.): extraction/isolation and evaluation of chemical composition (2014)

It was found that 95% ethanol can be used to increase the total polyphenols and antioxidants in extracts from FD-QMETLJ, while ethyl acetate can be effectively employed for concentrating catechins from QMETLJ.
Temperature Dependence of the Work Function of Adsorbate-Covered Metal Surfaces: A New Method for the Study of Two-Dimensional Phase Transitions (1984)

Submonolayer coverages of gold on tungsten (110) surfaces cause only a minor work-function increase. Heating such a surface produces a large reversible work-function decrease which depends on coverage and temperature and which can be attributed to a two-dimensional phase transition.
Comparison of Two Different Approaches toward Model Transferability in NIR Spectroscopy (1998)

Recently, efficient methods have become available to transfer a multivariate calibration model from one instrument to another. Two categories can be distinguished: improvement of the robustness of the calibration model by, for example, a proper data preprocessing; and adaptation of the calibration model by, for example, (piecewise) direct standardization. In direct standardization, a subset from the calibration set should be measured on both instruments. Usually, however, the calibration samples cannot be measured on both instruments. When data preprocessing is applied to the transfer of multivariate calibration models, there is no need for remeasurement of a subset on both instruments. In this paper, both categories are compared for the determination of the component concentrations in a ternary mixture of methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol using NIR spectroscopy. The calibration models obtained on one instrument are transferred to other NIR instruments. It has been found that the results of proper data preprocessing are comparable with the results obtained by direct standardization when the models are transferred over three NIR instruments.
Characterization of hydrosilylated porous Si powders produced by regenerative electroless etching (ReEtching) and laser ablation (2020)

Porous Si powder is formed by ReEtching (short for regenerative electroless etching) of Si microparticles, which are visibly photoluminescent because of their quantum confined sub-5-nm-thick pore walls. Thermal hydrosilylation of ReEtched particles facilitates their chemical passivation with a functionalized organic solvent and yields capped photoluminescent Si microparticles from
Joint-aware manipulation of deformable models (2009)

Complex mesh models of man-made objects often consist of multiple components connected by various types of joints. We propose a joint-aware deformation framework that supports the direct manipulation of an arbitrary mix of rigid and deformable components. First we apply slippable motion analysis to automatically detect multiple types of joint constraints that are implicit in model geometry. For single-component geometry or models with disconnected components, we support user-defined virtual joints. Then we integrate manipulation handle constraints, multiple components, joint constraints, joint limits, and deformation energies into a single volumetric-cell-based space deformation problem. An iterative, parallelized Gauss-Newton solver is used to solve the resulting nonlinear optimization. Interactive deformable manipulation is demonstrated on a variety of geometric models while automatically respecting their multi-component nature and the natural behavior of their joints.
Improving indoor geomagnetic field fingerprinting using recurrence plot-based convolutional neural networks (2020)

Geomagnetic field fingerprinting is gradually substituting Bluetooth and WiFi fingerprinting since the magnetic field is ubiquitous and independent of any infrastructure. Many studies have used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to develop indoor positioning systems. Most of these networks use actual magnetic values to build fingerprints. The main source of diminished accuracy is that these CNNs cannot solve the distribution issue of the same magnetic field values. To remedy this limitation, there is a recent interest in applying CNNs to sequences of actual and past data, but no comparative studies have shown the performance contribution of this alternative. In this paper, we propose a CNN-based magnetic fingerprinting system using Recurrence Plots (RPs) as sequence fingerprints. To fairly compare the proposed system with an existing solution treating instantaneous magnetic data, the same real-world data in an indoor environment are used. Testing results show location classification accuracies of 94.92% and 95.46% for the cases of using one RP and three RPs, respectively. As for the localisation error, results show that sequence pattern recognition results in at least a seven-fold decrease in mean distance error.
Tight Lower Bounds for 2-query LCCs over Finite Fields (2011)

A Locally Correctable Code (LCC) is an error correcting code that has a probabilistic self-correcting algorithm that, with high probability, can correct any coordinate of the codeword by looking at only a few other coordinates, even if a fraction Î´ of the coordinates are corrupted. LCCs are a stronger form of LDCs (Locally Decodable Codes) which have received a lot of attention recently due to their many applications and surprising constructions. In this work we show a separation between 2-query LDCs and LCCs over finite fields of prime order. Specifically, we prove a lower bound of the form p^{Î©(Î´d)} on the length of linear 2-query LCCs over $\F_p$, that encode messages of length d. Our bound improves over the known bound of $2^{Î©(Î´d)} \cite{GKST06, KdW04, DS07} which is tight for LDCs. Our proof makes use of tools from additive combinatorics which have played an important role in several recent results in theoretical computer science. Corollaries of our main theorem are new incidence geometry results over finite fields. The first is an improvement to the Sylvester-Gallai theorem over finite fields \cite{SS10} and the second is a new analog of Beck's theorem over finite fields.
Biochemical Studies on Bakanae Fungus. Part 57 (1961)

On the catalytic hydrogenation of gibberellin A3, the lactone ring was hydrogenized accompanying the double bond migration to C-10-C-11. The structures of two hydrogenolysis products thus obtained are discussed along with their acid-catalyzed relactonization. Subsequent dehydration of secondary hydroxyl groups at C-2 of these products gave unexpected aromatized compounds, the structures of which are also discussed.
Inactivation of Mitochondrial Electron Transport by Photosensitization of a Pheophorbide a Derivative (2004)

We examined the damage to mitochondrial electron transport caused by photosensitization of a pheophorbide a derivative, DH-I-180-3, shown recently to induce necrosis of lung carcinoma cells with low dark toxicity. Confocal microscopy showed that DH-I-180-3 co-localized with dihydrorhodamine-123 suggesting that it mainly accumulates in mitochondria. The photosensitizer alone in the dark did not affect mitochondrial electron transport. Illumination of isolated mitochondria in the presence of DH-I-180-3 resulted in inhibition of both NADH- and succinate-dependent respiration. Measurement of the activity of each component of the electron transport chain revealed that Complex I and III were very susceptible to the treatment whereas Complex IV was resistant. We conclude that the photosensitizer is localized in mitochondria and, upon illumination, produces reactive oxygen species that inactivate Complexes I and III.
BARI: A Distributed Key Management Approach for Wireless Body Area Networks (2009)

In recent years, use of sensors to measure the biometrics and movements of human body have resulted in the design of wireless body area networks (WBAN). Although WBANs consist of resource constrained sensing devices just like other wireless sensor networks (WSN), they differ from WSNs in topology, scale and security requirements. Due to these differences, key management schemes designed for WSNs prove inefficient and unnecessarily complex when applied to WBANs. Considering key management issue, WBANs are also different from WPANs because WBANs can use random biometric measurements as keys. We highlight the differences between WSN and WBAN and propose an efficient key management scheme, which makes use of biometrics and is specifically designed for WBANs domain.
Human IgM+CD27+ B Cells: Memory B Cells or “Memory” B Cells? (2007)

Memory B cells are generated in germinal centers (GC) and contribute to serological immunity by rapidly differentiating into plasma cells. Human memory B cells can be identified by the expression of CD27. These cells exhibit more rapid responses than naive (CD27-) B cells following stimulation in vitro, consistent with the heightened kinetics of secondary responses in vivo. CD27+ B cells express mutated Ig V region genes; however a significant proportion continue to express IgM, suggesting the existence of IgM+ memory B cells. The observation that mutated IgM+CD27+ B cells are generated in humans who cannot form GC led to the conclusions that these cells are generated independently of GC and thus are not memory cells and that they mediate responses to T cell-independent Ag. Although some studies support the idea that IgM+CD27+ B cells participate in T cell-independent responses, many others do not. In this review we will provide alternate interpretations of the biology of IgM+CD27+ B cells and propose that they are indeed memory cells.
Microbial Communities and Physicochemical Properties of Myeolchi Jeotgal (Anchovy Jeotgal) Prepared with Different Types of Salts (2017)

Myeolchi jeotgals (MJs) were prepared with purified salt (PS), solar salt aged for 1 year (SS), and bamboo salt (BS) melted 3 times at 10% and 20% (w/w) concentrations, and fermented for 28 weeks at 15°C. BS MJ showed higher pH and lower titratable acidities than the other samples because of the alkalinity of bamboo salt. Lactic acid bacteria counts increased until 4-6 weeks and then decreased gradually, and were not detected after 20 weeks from MJs with 10% salt. Yeast counts of PS MJs were higher than those of BS and SS MJs. Bacilli were detected in relatively higher numbers throughout the 28 weeks, like marine bacteria, but archae were detected in lower numbers during the first 10 weeks. When 16S rRNA genes were amplified from total DNA from PS MJ (10% salt) at 12 weeks, <i>Tetragenococcus halophilus</i> was the major species. However, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> was the dominant species for BS MJ at the same time point. In SS MJ, <i>T. halophilus</i> was the dominant species and <i>S. epidermidis</i> was the next dominant species. BS and SS MJs showed higher amino-type nitrogen, ammonia-type nitrogen, and volatile basic nitrogen contents than PS MJs. SS and BS were better than PS for the production of high-quality MJs.