gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino‐phosphane. VIII. Über ein Octaphenyltetraphosphornitridchlorid und ein Tetraphenyldiphosphin‐N‐diphenylphosphino‐imid (1967)

Abstract Die Silazanspaltung von Hexamethyldisilazan durch Diphenylphosphorchlorid führt je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen zu Trimethylchlorsilan und [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 P] 2 NH ( 1 ), [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 P] 3 N · HCl ( 4 ) und [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 P] 4 NCl ( 5 ). 1 setzt sich mit Diphenyl‐phosphorchlorid in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin zu (C 6 H 5 ) 2 PP(C 6 H 5 ) 2 NP(C 6 H 5 ) 2 ( 6 ) um, das auch durch Deprotonierung von 4 entsteht. 5 besitzt die Struktur eines Octaphenyltetraphosphornitridchlorids und ist besonders leicht aus (C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCl und (C 6 H 5 ) 2 PN[Si(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 erhältlich.
Thermodynamic Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Brayton Power Cycles Coupled to Line-Focusing Solar Fields (2017)

An opportunity for increasing the parabolic solar power plant efficiency is substituting the actual subcritical Rankine power cycles with the innovative s-CO2 Brayton cycles. In this paper, three configurations are assessed: the recompression cycle (RC), the partial cooling with recompression cycle (PCRC), and the recompression with main compression intercooling cycle (RCMCI), with one reheating stage. The thermodynamic parameters are optimized with three algorithms: SUBPLEX, UOBYQA, and NEWUOA, and the results validated with thermoflow Software. The parabolic troughs and linear Fresnel solar collectors are studied with different heat transfer fluids (HTFs): Solar Salt, HITEC XL, Therminol-VP1, Syltherm 800, and Therminol 75. The dual-loop solar field (SF), combining thermal oil and molten salt (MS) in the same solar plant, is also analyzed. The plant power output and plant energy efficiency are translated into SF aperture area and cost at design point. From the point of view of the plant efficiency and SF cost, the PTC and LF solar collector with Solar Salt as HTF coupled to a s-CO2 Brayton RCMCI cycle is selected as the optimum design solution and compared with the actual PTC Rankine solar plant performance at design point. The total recuperator conductance (UA) plays an important role in optimizing the plant performance, limited by the minimum heat exchangers (HX) pinch point. The UA increment could compensate the HX pressure drop and the compressor inlet temperature (CIT) increment, both impacting very negatively in the s-CO2 plant performance.
Oral microbiota maturation during the first 7 years of life in relation to allergy development (2018)

Early changes in oral microbial composition seem to influence immune maturation and allergy development. Future experiments should test the probiotic potential of L. gasseri and L. crispatus isolates.
Oscillating global continua of positive solutions of second order Neumann problem with a set-valued term (2012)

In this note, we study the oscillating global continua of the differential inclusion of the form where F is a "set-valued representation" of a function with jump discontinuities along the line segment [0, 1] × {0}, and λ ∈ [0, ∞) is a parameter. The proof of our main result relies on an approximation procedure. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 34B16; 34B18.
Amplification of a species-specific DNA fragment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its possible use in diagnosis (1991)

In recent work, a species-specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced. On the basis of its nucleotide sequence, two oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. A 396-bp fragment was specifically amplified from the M. tuberculosis genome. No amplification was observed from any of 10 different mycobacterial strains, included those belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. Neither was this fragment amplified from genomes of humans or different species of clinically important bacteria. The PCR product was detected by dot blot hybridization even when as little as 10 fg of purified M. tuberculosis DNA was used. This amplification method was subsequently used to detect and identify bacilli in different clinical samples, such as sputum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. A good correlation was observed between the results obtained with the PCR method that we describe and other diagnostic tests currently used. Thus, PCR amplification of this genomic fragment is proposed as a specific, rapid, and sensitive test for the diagnosis of infection with M. tuberculosis.
15-Lipoxygenase-1: A Prooxidant Enzyme (2002)

Human and rabbit reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase (15-lipoxygenase-1) and the leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenases (12/15-lipoxygenases) of pig, beef, mouse and rat constitute a particular subfamily of mammalian lipoxygenases (reticulocyte-type lipoxygenases) with unique properties and functions. They catalyze enzymatic lipid peroxidation in complex biological structures via direct dioxygenation of phospholipids and cholesterol esters of biomembranes and plasma lipoproteins. Moreover, they are a source of free radicals initiating non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation and other oxidative processes. Expression and activity of reticulocyte-type lipoxygenases are highly regulated. Moreover, the susceptibility of intracellular membranes toward these lipoxygenases is controlled and may be increased together with lipoxygenase activity under conditions of oxidative stress. Thus, oxidative stress may favor a concerted package of lipoxygenase-mediated enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation and co-oxidative processes. Reaction of reticulocyte-type lipoxygenases with low-density lipoprotein renders the latter atherogenic and appears to be involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
Autoantibodies and Human Leucocyte Antigen Class II in First-Degree Family Members of Mexican-American Type 1 Diabetic Patients (2001)

As part of a genetic study of type 1 diabetes in Mexican-Americans, 360 first-degree relatives of 108 type 1 diabetic probands were studied. Islet cell antibody (ICA), insulin autoantibody, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD(65)), and protein tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies were measured and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles DRB1 and DQB1 genotyping was performed. ICA was positive in 37% of the probands and 5.8% of the relatives. A subgroup of 26 probands (12 ICA+, 14 ICA-) was tested for GAD(65) and was found positive. 4/14 ICA+ first-degree relatives were GAD(65) positive. Four relatives, positive for two antibodies, subsequently developed type 1 diabetes. Life-Table analysis of first-degree relatives with autoantibodies indicated an 80% disease-free survival at 3.5 yr. HLA-DRB1 was found to be associated with the presence of ICA in both probands and relatives, whereas HLA-DPB1 was associated with autoantibody in relatives of type 1 diabetic probands. These results suggest that autoimmunity occurs in type 1 diabetes families of Mexican descent in similar frequencies to that of non-Hispanic, Caucasian families. The presence of autoantibodies appears to be regulated in part by HLA class II genes, even in the absence of overt diabetes.
Virus infection drives IL-2 antibody complexes into pro-inflammatory agonists in mice (2016)

The use of IL-2/JES6-1 Ab complex (IL-2 Ab Cx) has been considered as a potential therapeutic for inflammatory diseases due to its selective expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice. Here, IL-2 Ab Cx was explored as a therapeutic agent to reduce joint inflammation induced by chikungunya virus, an alphavirus causing debilitating joint disease globally. Virus-infected mice treated with IL-2 Ab Cx exhibited exacerbated joint inflammation due to infiltration of highly activated CD4<sup>+</sup> effector T cells (Teffs). Virus infection led to upregulation of CD25 on the Teffs, rendering them sensitive towards IL2 Ab Cx. Ready responsiveness of Teffs to IL-2 was further demonstrated in healthy human donors, suggesting that the use of IL-2 Ab Cx in humans is not suitable. Changes in IL-2 sensitivity during active virus infection could change the responsive pattern towards the IL-2 Ab Cx, resulting in the expansion of pro-inflammatory rather than anti-inflammatory responses.
Coupling Quantification of Pulverization with Galvanostatic Cycling of Bulk Film Alloy-Type Anodes (2022)

Alloy-type anodes, such as metallic antimony, demonstrate promise as alternative electrode materials for lithium-ion battery systems due to their high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh/g. However, antimony undergoes anisotropic volume expansion and multiple crystallographic phase transformations upon lithiation and delithiation, which often leads to fracture. This fracture can result in loss of electrical contact and poor cycling stability. These pulverization phenomena are often observed, primarily during delithiation, but are not quantified in terms of physical bulk material lost. To quantify the mass, size, volume, and density of pulverized regions in a bulk antimony film in a lithium system, we have developed a cell that enables the use of optical microscopy to capture videos of lithiation and delithiation. Using ImageJ and MATLAB® scripts developed for analysis, we have begun to quantify the amount of material lost as a function of deposition parameters.
Electrochemical Nucleation in Hydrated Melts: Electroreduction of Thallium (I) from Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate (1977)

The electroreduction of thallium (I) on a mercury electrode from its solutions in molten calcium nitrate tetrahydrate has been studied using chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, and cyclic voltammetry. The early stages of metal deposition are controlled by a nucleation step as indicated by the maxima in current‐time transients, potential overshoots in potential‐time curves, and an anodic shift of the peak potential of the reduction process in subsequent cyclic voltammetric scans. A three step mechanism has been proposed. The first step, formation of nuclei of thallium metal on the electrode surface and the growth of these nuclei into full monolayer surface coverage, is in quantitative agreement with these results.
Energy-efficient Hardware Acceleration of Shallow Machine Learning Applications (2023)

ML accelerators have largely focused on building general platforms for deep neural networks (DNNs), but less so on shallow machine learning (SML) algorithms. This paper proposes Axiline, a compact, configurable, template-based generator for SML hardware acceleration. Axiline identifies computational kernels as templates that are common to these algorithms and builds a pipelined accelerator for efficient execution. The dataflow graphs of individual ML instances, with different data dimensions, are mapped to the pipeline stages and then optimized by customized algorithms. The approach generates energy-efficient hardware for training and inference of various ML algorithms, as demonstrated with post-layout FPGA and ASIC results.
Auto weight and public safety: a statistical study of transportation hazards. Research report (1975)

Analyses based on 1973 data from the Texas state automobile accident and registration records were utilized in this study of the relationship between passenger car weight and occupant safety. In particular, the research showed the following: (1) the relatively higher frequency of accidents in large cars than in small cars is statistically very significant; (2) the relatively higher frequency of accidents resulting in fatal or serious injuries in large cars than in small cars is statistically very significant; and (3) although the occupants of small cars appear to have a higher frequency of incurring fatal or serious injuries given that an accident has occurred, such an inclination is not statistically significant, (4) accidents involving drunken drivers occur much more frequently in large cars than in small cars statistically to a very significant degree. The current study is the first phase of a larger study focusing on the relationship between automobile weight and energy savings as well as the environmental and economic effects of varying auto weight.
Amphiregulin messenger RNA is elevated in psoriatic epidermis and gastrointestinal carcinomas. (1992)

Amphiregulin (AR) is a heparin-regulated, epidermal growth factor-like growth factor capable of stimulating the proliferation of non-tumorigenic cells while inhibiting cell proliferation in some human tumor cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we have investigated AR mRNA expression in normal, hyperproliferative, and neoplastic human epithelium. Our results demonstrate that, compared with the adjacent uninvolved epithelium, AR mRNA expression is markedly elevated in epidermal biopsies derived from three human psoriatic lesions as well as in biopsies derived from five human colon carcinomas and three human stomach carcinomas. Moreover, analysis of a colon carcinoma by in situ hybridization revealed that AR mRNA is localized to the epithelium.
Pyridinium betaines derived from thiazolo and imidazoacridinones (1997)

Abstract Four betaines derived from imidazo[4,5‐ a ], imidazo[5,4‐ a ] and thiazolo[5,4‐ a ]acridine have been prepared in a six step procedure starting from 2‐chlorobenzimidazoles and benzothiazoles. The 1 H and 13 C nmr has been used to characterize the compounds, particularly the orientation of the step leading to the formation of the acridinone ring. The uv‐visible spectra of one betaine (wave numbers v in cm −1 ) shows a linear dependence with Reichardt's E T parameter and a high sensitivity to solvent effects.
An Italian survey of severe head trauma management during extracranial surgery (2005)

Background and objective: Anaesthetic drugs and procedures interfere with secondary brain injury following severe head trauma, yet studies regarding the anaesthetic management of these patients are lacking. We investigated the behaviour of Italian anaesthetists regarding this topic. Methods: A questionnaire investigating the approach to a patient with severe head trauma requiring an urgent splenectomy for ruptured spleen was sent to 250 Italian anaesthetists. Questions regarded the pre-, intra- and postoperative phases, and concerned the rationale use and availability of specific monitoring systems, and indications for invasive procedures and use of drugs, fluids and blood products. Results: There were 162 (64.8%) responders. Seventy-five percent believed that early tracheal intubation within the emergency room was necessary, while 25% postponed it to the operating room. Basic monitoring was defined as essential by all responders, 147 (90.7%) considered invasive arterial pressure monitoring to be essential. Fifty-seven (84%) anaesthetists working in hospitals without neurosurgical facilities would have transferred the patient after splenectomy. Prophylactic hyperventilation was frequently used (36%). Sixty-eight percent of responders would have preferred in intracranial pressure monitoring inserted before laparotomy, but only 35% actually had this possibility. In case of acute intraoperative arterial hypotension after splenectomy, 54% of the responders advocated the use of blood or blood products to optimize peripheral oxygen transport. Conclusions: More widespread knowledge of certain areas of severe head trauma management such as early tracheal intubation, avoidance of prophylactic hyperventilation, adequate invasive monitoring, appropriate use of blood products, and timing of transfer to hospitals with neurosurgical facilities is needed.
An Introduction to AutoSurvey and Current AutoSurvey Projects (2003)

This paper introduces AutoSurvey, an environmentally adaptive approach to hydrographic surveys. Currently, these surveys are carried out using fixed-spaced parallel lines with modern multi-beam sonar technology. The swath width is directly related to the water depth underneath the sensors at any given time. The distance between the planned survey lines is constant, and is generally based on the estimated swath width that results from the minimum water depth in a survey area. The minimum water depth is usually estimated from older charts whose accuracy may be questionable. While this may benefit the survey by reducing data gaps (holidays), it can produce areas of excessive coverage (overages) and thus excessive survey times. Current hydrographic surveys also demand supervision and interaction from human operators. One of the primary goals of AutoSurvey is to automate the survey process. This includes processes involved with data quality assurance and coverage assessment, as well as generating navigation waypoints. AutoSurvey also aims to make hydrographic surveys more efficient. Simulator and field test results conclude that AutoSurvey can minimize holidays and increase efficiency over rough terrain, resulting in timesavings well above 30 percent. Section II introduces the line fitting schemes that allow AutoSurvey to accomplish its objectives. Section III discusses the transition of AutoSurvey to the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) for use with its ISS-60 survey software. Section IV introduces the AutoSurvey Planner, a tool to aid survey planners in the creation of environmentally adaptive hydrographic surveys. Section V highlights the results from comparison testing during the NAVOCEANO System Acceptance Test (SAT), conducted during the AutoSurvey transition to ISS-60, as well as results from simulator runs showing the savings achieved under extreme situations. (1 table, 8 figures, 3 refs.)
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Substituted Dibenzo(1,4)dioxines. (1990)

Abstract By reaction of pyrocatechol (I) with substituted 1,2‐dichlorobenzenes (IIa), (IIb) or o‐chloronitro‐benzenes (IIc), (IV), the benzodioxanes (III), (V) can be obtained.
Figure S3 from Concurrent Inhibition of Pim and FLT3 Kinases Enhances Apoptosis of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Increased Mcl-1 Proteasomal Degradation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pim kinase and FLT3 inhibition does not enhance induction of apoptosis of cells with FLT3-WT.&lt;/p&gt;
Equivalent Circuit of Normal Mode Helical Antennas Using Frequency-Independent Lumped Elements (2014)

An equivalent circuit consisting of eight frequency independent lumped elements is derived for center-driven normal mode helical antennas. The equivalent circuit is composed of two parts; a five-element circuit representing the wire antenna and a three-element circuit for the helical turns. Comparison of the calculated input impedance of the equivalent circuit with full-wave simulations demonstrates reasonable agreement over a broad frequency range that includes the first resonant frequency, where the antenna usually operates. Application of the equivalent circuit does not require an EM solver and it is readily implemented in circuit simulators.
The Effects of Nicotine on the Metabolic and Hormonal Responses During Acute Cold Exposure (2006)

During 120 minutes of cold exposure, NIC resulted in alterations in the responses in NEFA, whereas the other blood measurements were not significantly different between the 2 groups.
A Neurologic Syndrome in Golden Retrievers Presenting as a Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy (2007)

Abstract Background: A sensory ataxic neuropathy has been observed in Swedish Golden Retrievers recently. Animals: Twenty-one affected Golden Retrievers. Methods: Clinical and neurologic status, electrophysiologic, and pathologic status as well as pedigree analyses were evaluated. Results: Clinical signs had an insidious onset between 2 and 8 months of age and a slowly progressive course. Affected dogs were ataxic and dysmetric. They had abnormal postural reactions and decreased spinal reflexes but no apparent muscle atrophy. Clinical pathology, radiography, and electrophysiology of motor systems were all within reference values. Sensory nerve conduction results of affected dogs were significantly different from those of a group of control dogs. Necropsy revealed a chronic progressive central and peripheral sensorimotor axonopathy; the proprioceptive pathways were most severely affected. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This disease in these Golden Retrievers is distinct from other canine breed-related neurodegenerative diseases or hereditary neurodegenerative diseases described in humans. Pedigree analyses indicated a hereditary background, but the mode of inheritance could not be established.
Identification, cloning, and characterization of a multicomponent biphenyl dioxygenase from Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1 (2007)

Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1 utilizes both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (biphenyl, naphthalene, and phenanthrene) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, m- and p-xylene) as its sole source of carbon and energy for growth. The majority of the genes for these intertwined monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic pathways are grouped together on a 39 kb fragment of chromosomal DNA. However, this gene cluster is missing several genes encoding essential enzymatic steps in the aromatic degradation pathway, most notably the genes encoding the oxygenase component of the initial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dioxygenase. Transposon mutagenesis of strain B1 yielded a mutant blocked in the initial oxidation of PAHs. The transposon insertion point was sequenced and a partial gene sequence encoding an oxygenase component of a putative PAH dioxygenase identified. A cosmid clone from a genomic library of S. yanoikuyae B1 was identified which contains the complete putative PAH oxygenase gene sequence. Separate clones expressing the genes encoding the electron transport components (ferredoxin and reductase) and the PAH dioxygenase were constructed. Incubation of cells expressing the dioxygenase enzyme system with biphenyl or naphthalene resulted in production of the corresponding cis-dihydrodiol confirming PAH dioxygenase activity. This demonstrates that a single multicomponent dioxygenase enzyme is involved in the initial oxidation of both biphenyl and naphthalene in S. yanoikuyae B1.
Microwave Absorption Behavior of Core−Shell Structured Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene)−Barium Ferrite Nanocomposites (2010)

The present paper reports the complex permittivity, permeability, and microwave absorption properties of core shell type poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) nanocomposite with barium ferrite, synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization, in the 12.4-18 GHz frequency range. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies reveal the formation of core-shell type morphology with ferrite particles (60-80 nm) as the center while the polymer (PEDOT) formulates the outer shell of the composite. The presence of barium ferrite nanoparticles in the polymer matrix includes the magnetic losses, which mainly arise from the magnetic hysteresis, domain-wall displacement, and eddy current loss. The higher dielectric (epsilon'' = 23.5) and magnetic loss (micro'' = 0.22) contributes to the microwave absorption value of 22.5 dB (>99% attenuation) and are found to increase with the amount of ferrite constituents. The polymer was further characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Excitation and Tuning of Higher-Order Fano Resonances in Plasmonic Oligomer Clusters (2011)

Plasmonic oligomer clusters are assemblies of closely packed metallic nanoparticles. They provide a rich set of spectral features such as Fano lineshapes and a simultaneous tunability of the supported resonances in the optical wavelength regime. In this study, we investigate numerically and experimentally clusters of plasmonic nanoparticles that exhibit multiple Fano resonances due to the interference of one broad superradiant mode and multiple narrow subradiant modes. In particular we investigate oligomers with multiple ring modes and elongated chains of nanoparticles surrounded by one ring of nanoparticles. We show that the number of nanoparticles and their respective arrangement in the cluster strongly influence the spectral position and modulation depth of the spectral signature of the supported modes. Our study opens up the pathway to “plasmonic super molecules” that show unprecedented tunability, which renders them highly suitable for applications such as multiwavelength surface-enhanced Raman scattering.