gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen in human dental enamel (1949)

Research Article| January 01 1949 Nitrogen in human dental enamel D. J. Anderson D. J. Anderson 1Guy's Hospital Medical School, London, S.E. 1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1949) 45 (1): 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0450031 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. J. Anderson; Nitrogen in human dental enamel. Biochem J 1 January 1949; 45 (1): 31–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0450031 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1949 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1949 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and absolute lymphocyte count in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer treated with eribulin may predict overall survival. (2021)

e13005 Background: In Japan, eribulin has been approved for inoperative or recurrent breast cancer, following treatment with an anthracyclines and a taxanes. We reported the efficacy and safety of eribulin as a first-line to third-line treatment in patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with anthracylinsanthracyclines and taxanes (Breast 2017). Briefly, the main inclusion criteria were as follows: no history of eribulin administration; an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 to 2,; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative,; 20–75 years; ≥4 weeks from the last dose of chemotherapy, or ≥2 weeks from the last dosing of endocrine or radiation therapy; measurable lesion based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) ver. 1.1; sufficient organ function; life expectancy of ≥3 months; and no significant abnormalities on electrocardiogram. Patients in this clinical trial were enrolled between December 1, 2011, and November 30, 2013. Eribulin was administered intravenously at a dose of 1.4 mg/m2 during a 2-5 min infusion on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. In contrast, baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were reported to predict progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). However, these reports were mainly retrospective analysis. Therefore, retrospective evaluation of NLR/ALC in a prospective clinical trial is important to understand the association between NLR/ALC and OS/PFS. Methods: Of 47 prospectively enrolled patients in a previous trial, 45 patients were retrospectively evaluated for baseline NLR/ACL and at the time of 3 cycles of eribulin. The association between NLR/ALC and OS/PFS was also were analyzed for association with OS/PFS. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the OS/PFS distribution. The cut-off values for baseline NLR and ALC were set at 3 and 1500 /ul, respectively. Results: The median OS of patients with a baseline NLR &lt; 3 was significantly longer than that of patients with a baseline NLR ≥ ≧3 (769 days vs. 409 days; log-rank test p = 0.0333). The median OS of patients with a baseline ALC ≥ ≧1500 was also significantly longer than that of patients with a baseline ALC &lt; 1500 (964 days vs.vs 427 days; log-rank test p = 0.0425). Association between baseline NLR/ALC and PFS were not seen, and also association between at the time of 3 cycles of NLR/ALC and OS/PFS were not seen neither. Conclusions: Baseline NLR and ALC in the patients with HER2- negative breast cancer who plan to treat eribulin may predict overall survival. Clinical trial information: UMIN000007121.
Effectiveness of Prepolymers from Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate and Polyethylenimine as Flame Retardants for Cotton-Containing Fabrics (1977)

Prepolymers of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (DCPP) with polyethylenimine (PEI) were prepared, applied to cotton-containing fabrics, and cured at 155°C. The prepolymers imparted flame resistance to all-cotton and cotton/polyester blends. The most effective prepolymers were prepared from 3:1 and 5:1 mole ratios of DCPP: PEI. Practical potentialities for these finishes are limited because their durability to laundering is low.
Drugs of Abuse in Saliva: A Review (1992)

There has been substantial interest in the use of saliva as a diagnostic medium for drugs of abuse because it can be obtained noninvasively. Although drugs of abuse have been investigated in saliva for more than a decade, the role of saliva remains uncertain. A clear picture is difficult to obtain because of variations in (1) the analytical methods used; (2) the dose regimen of subjects, which was either unknown or differed between studies; and (3) the elapsed time between drug intake and sample collection. This communication summarizes the studies on the quantitative determination of different drugs of abuse in saliva to elucidate the current status in this area. Marijuana, cocaine, phencyclidine, opiates, barbiturates, amphetamines, and diazepines (or their metabolites) have all been detected in saliva by various analytical methods, including immunoassay, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and thin layer chromatography. Initial studies with cocaine and phencyclidine suggest a correlation between saliva and plasma concentrations of these drugs, indicating a dynamic equilibrium between saliva and blood. Tetrahydrocannabinol, the active component in marijuana, on the other hand, does not appear to be transferred from plasma to saliva. However, tetrahydrocannabinol is sequestered in the buccal cavity during smoking and can be detected in saliva. These findings point to the potential role of saliva in the analysis of many illicit drugs. To clearly identify the role of saliva as a diagnostic medium for drugs of abuse, research efforts should be directed towards (1) performing systematic studies on correlations between saliva, blood, and urine and (2) determining the concentrations of drugs and their metabolites in saliva as a function of dose and time after intake.
Strengths and challenges of community-based clinical training as viewed by academics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (2018)

Background. Community-based education (CBE) is seen as a valuable tool in transforming health professions education by aligning clinical training with graduate competencies and needs of the health system. However, academics involved in the implementation have varied views. Objectives. To explore the experiences and views of academics involved in community-based training in the College of Health Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Methods. This qualitative study used interviews and focus group discussions consisting of a purposively selected sample of academics. The interviews were audio taped, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: the strengths of CBE, challenges experienced in implementation and academics’ suggestions concerning challenges. The strengths included benefits to the institution, students, health system and communities. The main challenges experienced were insufficient support from the institution and the Department of Health (DoH). Suggestions were made by academics to overcome these challenges. Conclusion. The study indicates that CBE is perceived as an important pedagogical approach in transforming health professions education, as it can align clinical training with the business plan of the university and the needs of the health system. However, for the successful implementation of CBE, full support from the university and the DoH is required.
Hepatic clearance of tissue‐type plasminogen activator and plasma kallikrein in experimental liver fibrosis (2003)

We observed that tPA and RPK clearances were affected differently by fibrosis as well as by different stimuli of the acute-phase response, despite the fact that they share a common hepatic clearance mechanism in normal livers, and they were equally affected in cirrhosis.
Hemorrhage from the inferior vena cava versus the ear artery: a comparison of cardiovascular and hormonal responses in conscious rabbits (1994)

There are inherent complications associated with chronic indwelling venous catheters for use as bleed catheters in long term hemorrhage experiments in conscious animals. As an alternative we have developed a protocol for bleeding conscious rabbits using a disposable catheter in the central ear artery. Previously we had bled rabbits through a catheter chronically implanted in the inferior vena cava (IVC); thus, we were interested in any potential differences in the hormonal (vasopressin and renin) and cardiovascular profile during hemorrhage between the IVC and ear artery bleeds. Rabbits underwent two bleeds, 1 week apart, one using the indwelling IVC catheter and the other with an ear artery (EA) catheter. We compared the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma vasopressin (AVP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) before and during hemorrhage. Baseline cardiovascular and hormonal values were the same, regardless of choice of bleed site. In addition there were no differences between bleed sites in the rate of fall of MAP (slope: IVC, 0.24 +/- 0.05; EA, 0.26 +/- 0.04) and the rate of rise of HR (slope: IVC, -1.37 +/- 0.22; EA, -1.20 +/- 0.19). Finally the AVP and PRA values associated with a MAP of 50 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) (close to peak levels achieved during the hemorrhage) were also not different between IVC and EA bleeds. Given that the profiles of the bleeds were not different and that surgical implantation, possible infection, and daily flushing were avoided by the use of the EA catheter, we concluded that use of the EA as a site for bleeding conscious rabbits was justified.
Impact of traffic related air pollution indicators on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis mortality: a cohort analysis (2014)

The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the UZ Leuven, Belgium (ML-5028), registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01906047).
Modeling and simulation about the double-circular-arc modified cycloid epicyclical gear train based on UG (2011)

Owing to manufacture difficulty, cycloid gears are not widely used in the practical application. The purpose of this paper is to make double-circular-arc modified cycloid epicyclical gear train apply to power transmission system which has the high contact strength and the high lifetime. Double-circular-arc modified cycloid gear epicyclical train is studied in this paper, whose transmission characteristics are analyzed. Based on UG/NX operating platform, 3D parameterization models of gear train are established. The simulation analysis of contact stress is carried on in the circumstance of UG/NASTRAN. Finally, the simulation result is compared with theoretical calculation, so the validity of simulation is verified. Based on the CAD/CAE integration feature of the UG, the parameterization model of the train is built and analysis of contact stress is carried on, which will be used for the optimum design of the gear train. And the theoretical basis is provided for improving the design efficiency, transmission performance and product quality in practical gears manufacturing.
Low-earth orbit global cellular communications network (1991)

Technical aspects of the recently announced Iridium system are discussed. Iridium is a worldwide, digital, satellite-based, cellular, personal communications system primarily intended to provide commercial, low-density, mobile service via portable, mobile, or transportable user units, employing low-profile antennas, to millions of users throughout the world. Calls can be made and received anywhere in the world with a personal, portable unit. Seventy-seven small (340 kg), smart satellites are internetted to form the network's backbone. Small, battery-powered, cellular-telephone-like user units communicate directly to the satellites. Gateways (earth stations) interface from the satellites to the individual Postal, Telephone and Telegraph Authorities (PTTs). The system is intended to complement the terrestrial cellular telephone systems installed, or being installed, in densely populated areas. >
Remotely switched hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (1991)

We describe a hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide whose transmission can be remotely modulated by the motion of a glass substrate placed at a distance from the light-guiding core that ranges from tens to hundreds of micrometers. A maximum on-off ratio of 17 dB was observed. An analytical mathematical formalism developed to fit the data predicts the possibility of achieving on-off ratios of 30 dB.
Characterization and possible agricultural application of polyacrylamide/sodium alginate crosslinked hydrogels prepared by ionizing radiation (2006)

Abstract Polyacrylamide/sodium alginate (PAAm/Na‐alginate) crosslinked copolymers were prepared by using electron beam irradiation. The gel content and the swelling behavior of the obtained copolymers were investigated. The thermal and morphological properties of the prepared copolymers were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of PAAm significantly changed when mixed with Na‐alginate. The addition of PAAm/Na‐alginate copolymer in small quantities to sandy soil increased its ability to retain water. The growth and other responses of the faba bean plant cultivated in a soil treated with PAAm and PAAm/Na‐alginate copolymer were investigated. The growth of the bean plant cultivated in a soil containing PAAm/Na‐alginate was better than that cultivated in soil treated with PAAm. The most significant difference between the PAAm and its alginate copolymer is that the latter partially undergoes radiolytic and enzymatic degradation to produce oligo‐alginate, which acts as a plant growth promoter. The increase in faba bean plant performance by using PAAm/Na‐alginate copolymer suggested its possible use in the agriculture field as a soil conditioner, providing the plant with water as well as oligo‐alginate growth promoter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3572–3580, 2006
High‐frequency oscillations are not better biomarkers of epileptogenic tissues than spikes (2017)

At the patient level, the performance of HFOs is weakened by the presence of strong physiological HFO generators. Fast ripples are not sensitive enough to be the unique biomarker of epileptogenicity. Nevertheless, combining HFOs and spikes using our proposed measure-the cross-rate-is a better strategy than using only one marker. Ann Neurol 2018;83:84-97.
Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of iodide adsorption on gold (111): direct observation of adlattice orientation (1991)

Scanning tunneling microscopy is used in air to image iodide adlayers on Au(111) with atomic resolution over areas as large as 625 nm2. Dosing of the Au surfaces with aqueous KI results in only one observable adsorbate structure over the iodide concentration range of 10-2-10-5 M. The I/Au layer has a nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor spacing of 0.50 ± 0.03 and 0.88 ± 0.05 nm, respectively, consistent with a (√3 × √3)R30° adlattice structure on Au(111). Direct evidence for the adlayer structure is obtained from atomic resolution images of an interface between iodide-coated and bare Au(111) regions. © 1991 American Chemical Society.
External force back-projective composition and globally deformable optimization for 3-D coronary artery reconstruction (2014)

The clinical value of the 3D reconstruction of a coronary artery is important for the diagnosis and intervention of cardiovascular diseases. This work proposes a method based on a deformable model for reconstructing coronary arteries from two monoplane angiographic images acquired from different angles. First, an external force back-projective composition model is developed to determine the external force, for which the force distributions in different views are back-projected to the 3D space and composited in the same coordinate system based on the perspective projection principle of x-ray imaging. The elasticity and bending forces are composited as an internal force to maintain the smoothness of the deformable curve. Second, the deformable curve evolves rapidly toward the true vascular centerlines in 3D space and angiographic images under the combination of internal and external forces. Third, densely matched correspondence among vessel centerlines is constructed using a curve alignment method. The bundle adjustment method is then utilized for the global optimization of the projection parameters and the 3D structures. The proposed method is validated on phantom data and routine angiographic images with consideration for space and re-projection image errors. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for the reconstruction of coronary arteries from two monoplane angiographic images. The proposed method can achieve a mean space error of 0.564 mm and a mean re-projection error of 0.349 mm.
Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Devices for Neurological Disorders (2009)

Polymer based therapies offer many potential advantages in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system, and would allow delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the relevant area of brain, circumventing obstacles presented by the blood brain barrier, avoiding the side-effects often associated with systemic medication administration, and permitting much smaller doses of medication. As improvements in diagnostic procedures, particularly imaging, now provide very accurate localization of therapeutic targets in many of these conditions, it is technically feasible to deliver such agents precisely to the relevant brain region. Combined with advances in polymer sciences, there is renewed interest in focal drug delivery systems, particularly around intelligent or controlled release systems which would extend the life-span of these devices considerably. Major obstacles remain, however, particularly around the safety and biocompatibility of such materials, and the complexity of testing in clinical scenarios. We review here the current status of animal and human studies in this rapidly evolving area, addressing some of the practical obstacles and examining the range of potential applications in chronic neurological disease.
Clinical Genomics: When Whole Genome Sequencing Is like a Whole-body CT Scan (2014)

Although we have witnessed major improvements in genomic testing in the past 5 years, multiple challenges need to be solved before clinical genomic testing becomes routine (1 ). The clinical implementation of genomic testing parallels the challenges we have faced with other transformative technologies. For the past decade, the medical community has been discussing the impact on healthcare and society of direct-toconsumer marketed whole-body computed tomography (CT)8 scanning (2 ). The CT scan is a technology that uses X-rays to produce cross-sectional images of the human body. There are clinical scenarios in which the CT scan is invaluable: disease diagnosis, evaluation after trauma, and monitoring response to oncologic therapy. However, CT scan is also being marketed as a preventive diagnostic for healthy individuals (3 ). Genomics can parallel CT scanning in scenarios of (a) first line diagnostic testing, (b) last ditch diagnosis, and (c) inappropriate clinical use. Genomic testing implies the examination of the nucleic acid sequence of multiple, if not all, known genes. Broadly, this includes microarray tests that survey changes in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy-number variation across the entire genome, sequencing the exome or whole genome by nextgeneration sequencing, and sequencing large panels of clinically significant genes. Genomic testing is currently moving from academic research practice to commercialization and direct-to-consumer marketing. Although genomic testing is not yet routine, DNA testing targeted to single genes, viruses, or bacteria is commonplace and performed in many clinical laboratories. The use of genetic information has evolved over the past decade from targeted single-gene tests to broader genomic tests that encompass thousands of genes. Numerous ethical, economic, and technological challenges need to be addressed before widespread adoption of clinical genomic testing. For example, a patient may not want to know their future risk of disease; a patient (and society) may not be able to afford genomic testing. In addition, genomic testing may not be appropriate for all diseases.
Emergency Neurology (2019)

“9-1-1 what is your emergency?” These words are hardly common vernacular for most neurologists. In our field, the abundance of cases appropriately take place in an outpatient setting. When emergencies occur, they uncommonly but most certainly do, the patients are handled initially (and sometimes exclusively) by emergency responders in the field and emergency medicine experts in the hospital.
MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation Combining Saliency and Convolutional Network Features (2018)

This paper proposes a brain tumor segmentation method based on visual saliency features on MRI image volumes. The proposed method uses a novel combination of multiple MRI modalities and highlights the potential tumors by applying a healthy template generated from the annotated database slices without tumors. The introduced method proposes a saliency model that includes color and spatial features and as a novel contribution, also incorporates information about the relation of neighboring slices. Based on the saliency map, the outline of the tumor is detected by a region-based active contour method. Moreover, the proposed method is also combined with convolutional neural networks to reduce the networks' eventual overfitting which may result in weaker predictions for unseen cases. By introducing a proof-of-concept method for the fusion of deep learning techniques with saliency-based, handcrafted feature models, the fusion approach has good abstraction skills and yet it is able to handle diverse cases for which the net was less trained. The proposed methods were tested on the BRATS2015 database, and the quantitative results showed that hybrid models (including both trained and handcrafted features) can be promising alternatives to reach higher segmentation performance.
Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management (2017)

Bariatric surgery is today the most effective long-term therapy for the management of patients with severe obesity, and its use is recommended by the relevant guidelines of the management of obesity in adults. Bariatric surgery is in general safe and effective, but it can cause new clinical problems and is associated with specific diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic needs. For clinicians, the acquisition of special knowledge and skills is required in order to deliver appropriate and effective care to the post-bariatric patient. In the present recommendations, the basic notions needed to provide first-level adequate medical care to post-bariatric patients are summarised. Basic information about nutrition, management of co-morbidities, pregnancy, psychological issues as well as weight regain prevention and management is derived from current evidences and existing guidelines. A short list of clinical practical recommendations is included for each item. It remains clear that referral to a bariatric multidisciplinary centre, preferably the one performing the original procedure, should be considered in case of more complex clinical situations.