gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing and Analyzing Buried Interfaces of Multifunctional Oxides Using a Secondary Electron Energy Analyzer (2014)

A contactless method of probing and analyzing multifunctional oxide interfaces using an electron energy analyzer inside a scanning electron microscope is presented. High contrast experimental secondary electron analyzer signals are used to detect changes in the interface conductivity of a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 sample. Monte Carlo simulations of the primary beam/specimen interaction are carried out and correlated with the experimental results in order to help understand the role of the primary beam energy and adjust it to enhance contrast.
A New Way of Automatic Design of Software (Simulating Human Intentional Activity) (2006)

This paper reports on a new method of automatic design. It is a simulation of “human intentional activity,” appearing in management, business, various designs and physical work. It is achieved by repetitive hierarchical decomposition of human concepts using (mainly) natural language expressions. Three typical ways (skill, rule and knowledge based) to create the hierarchical decomposition have been implemented and evaluated quantitatively as a CASE tool. The rule-level operation achieves nearly 100% automatic detailing.
A simple TEM method for fast thickness characterization of suspendedgraphene flakes (2012)

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) on light element materials and soft matters is problematic due to electron irradiation damage and low contrast. In this doctoral thesis techniques were developed to address some of those issues and successfully characterize these materials at high resolution. These techniques were demonstrated on graphene flakes, DNA/magnetic beads and a number of water containing biomaterials. The details of these studies are given below.A TEM based method was presented for thickness characterization of graphene flakes. For the thickness characterization, the dynamical theory of electron diffraction is used to obtain an analytical expression for the intensity of the transmitted electron beam as a function of thickness. From JEMS simulations (experiments) the absorption constant λ in a low symmetry orientation was found to be ~ 208 nm (225 ± 9 nm). When compared to standard techniques for thickness determination of graphene/graphite, the method has the advantage of being relatively simple, fast and requiring only the acquisition of bright-field (BF) images. Using the proposed method, it is possible to measure the thickness change due to one monolayer of graphene if the flake has uniform thickness over a larger area.A real-space TEM study on magnetic bead-DNA coil interaction was conducted and a statistical analysis of the number of beads attached to the DNA-coils was performed. The average number of beads per DNA coil was calculated around 6 and slightly above 2 for samples with 40 nm and 130 nm beads, respectively. These results are in good agreement with magnetic measurements. In addition, the TEM analysis supported an earlier hypothesis that 40 nm beads are preferably attached interior of the DNA-coils while 130 nm beads closer to the exterior of the coils.A focused ion-beam in-situ lift-out technique for hydrated biological specimens was developed for cryo-TEM. The technique was demonstrated on frozen Aspergillus niger spores which were frozen with liquid nitrogen to preserve their cellular structures. A thin lamella was prepared, lifted out and welded to a TEM grid. Once the lamella was thinned to electron transparency, the grid was cryogenically transferred to the TEM using a cryo-transfer bath. The structure of the cells was revealed by BF imaging. Also, a series of energy filtered images was acquired and C, N and Mn elemental maps were produced. Furthermore, 3 A lattice fringes of the underlying Al support were successfully resolved by high resolution imaging, confirming that the technique has the potential to extract structural information down to the atomic scale. The experimental protocol is ready now to be employed on a large variety of samples e.g. soft/hard matter interfaces.
Secant Cases of Azimuthal Projections: Myth and Reality (1987)

Several important texts and atlases suggest azimuthal projections can be made in secant cases, thereby having low distortion around the secant small circle rather than around a point as in the tangent cases. Three of the azimuthals (gnomonic, orthographic, and stereographic) can only exist in their tangent cases; their so-called secant cases are only different in the scale in which they are identified. Their arrangement of the graticule remains unaltered. The remaining two principal azimuthals (Lambert's equal area and the equidistant) can be made in secant cases with the secant small circle a line of no distortion, but with odd results: at their central points, direction cannot be determined, making the term azimuthal meaningless, and these points represent missing space—a cartographical black hole, with very curious results. Polar and oblique examples are illustrated.
A geometric approach to tolerance analysis: Contribution to the robust design of flexible assemblies (2017)

Tolerance analysis is an important element for virtual product development. It makes it possible to record the effects of permissible deviations for the complex assemblies. The component deviations will only be represented by a significantly simplified structure in commercially available 3D tolerance analysis programs and elastic deformations in the components, as well as complex contact regions, can only be partially represented. The objective of this paper is therefore to present a geometric-based approach for tolerance analysis. This already represents the tolerance-related deviations for components in a 3D data set as realistic imperfections. The assertion, that the geometric imperfections have a significant impact, will be verified on the basis of a bolted articulated joint assembly. The numerical results will be subsequently validated experimentally. A test bench will be designed for this purpose and various test sequences with realistic bolted articulated joints will be examined. The results indicate the relevance of realistic consideration of tolerances in product engineering processes and therefore create an element for the robust design of flexible assemblies.
A second pass gated reconstruction scheme with conjugate weights (2009)

Rotational X-ray data acquisition in combination with gated reconstruction is applied most commonly to reconstruct 3D or 4D images of the heart on interventional X-ray systems. The data are acquired during breath hold and with intravenous contrast agent injection. Unfortunately, when using a single circular arc acquisition with parallel ECG recording, the gating of the projections leads to under-sampling artifacts in the reconstruction volume. In this contribution an artifact reduction method is suggested which is based on an initial gated reconstruction of a cardiac volume at limited quality, the subsequent segmentation of the volume and a second pass correction to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstruction volume and to reduce the artifacts due to gating. The method is applied to both phantom and animal data.
Colorectal cancer: detection, treatment, and rehabilitation (1994)

In the United States, colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. However, incidence and mortality rates have been falling, reflecting improvements in primary prevention, early detection, and treatment. This article reviews the major advances in the understanding and management of colorectal cancer.
Sonar beamforming based upon monaural localization techniques (1989)

Sonar beamforming is usually accomplished using multielement transducer arrays. A novel alternative beamforming system is proposed, which uses a single fixed active element placed within an irregular reflecting surface. The proposed system is based upon one suggested mechanism of monaural localization. Interference resulting from reflections off the surface modifies the spectra of incoming acoustic signals. The signal source is located by correlating the output signal spectrum with the known spectral responses of the receiving system for all angles. Computer simulations and tests using an experimental active system indicate that the proposed technique could be a useful alternative in certain sonar applications.
Self-adaptive Power Saving Mechanism for M2M (2013)

Recently, M2M (Machine-to-machine) communications are gaining more prominence in wireless communication. However, there are so many differences between human-to-human communications and M2M. This paper focuses on solutions to provide longer battery life time. To save battery power, we studied the discontinuous reception DRX mechanism of M2M devices and proposed a novel self-adaptive DRX mechanism based on mix normal and extended DRX cycles mechanism. The proposed mechanism is a trade-off between power consumption and latency acording to different QoS requirements. The simulation shows the advantages of this new solution for M2M UE power saving.
Transverse transport of solutes between co-flowing pressure-driven streams for microfluidic studies of diffusion/reaction processes (2007)

We consider a situation commonly encountered in microfluidics: two streams of miscible liquids are brought at a junction to flow side by side within a microchannel, allowing solutes to diffuse from one stream to the other and possibly react. We focus on two model problems: (i) the transverse transport of a single solute from a stream into the adjacent one, (ii) the transport of the product of a diffusion-controlled chemical reaction between solutes originating from the two streams. Our description is made general through a nondimensionalized formulation that incorporates both the parabolic Poiseuille velocity profile along the channel and thermal diffusion in the transverse direction. Numerical analysis over a wide range of the streamwise coordinate x reveal different regimes. Close to the top and the bottom walls of the microchannel, the extent of the diffusive zone follows three distinct power law regimes as x is increased, characterized, respectively, by the exponents 1/2, 1/3, and 1/2. Simple analytical arguments are proposed to account for these results.
Differentiation of IL-26+ TH17 intermediates into IL-17A producers via epithelial crosstalk in psoriasis (2023)

Interleukin (IL)-26 is a T<sub>H</sub>17 cytokine with known antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory functions. However, the precise role of IL-26 in the context of pathogenic T<sub>H</sub>17 responses is unknown. Here we identify a population of blood T<sub>H</sub>17 intermediates that produce high levels of IL-26 and differentiate into IL-17A-producing T<sub>H</sub>17 cells upon TGF-β1 exposure. By combining single cell RNA sequencing, TCR sequencing and spatial transcriptomics we show that this process occurs in psoriatic skin. In fact, IL-26+ T<sub>H</sub>17 intermediates infiltrating psoriatic skin induce TGF-β1 expression in basal keratinocytes and thereby promote their own differentiation into IL-17A-producing cells. Thus, our study identifies IL-26-producing cells as an early differentiation stage of T<sub>H</sub>17 cells that infiltrates psoriatic skin and controls its own maturation into IL17A-producing T<sub>H</sub>17 cells, via epithelial crosstalk involving paracrine production of TGF-β1.
Methotrexate for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Case Series (2018)

Fig. 1. Dome-shaped papules coalescing into plaques on the left shin at initial presentation which resolved by the 4-week follow-up visit.
Leukodepleted‐ABO‐identical blood components in the treatment of hematologic malignancies: A cost analysis (1995)

To assess the effect of ABO-identical, filtration leukodepleted transfusions on resource consumption and costs of care we performed a cohort study in consecutive adult patients admitted for induction therapy of acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia during 1985-92 (n = 120) and consecutive adult patients admitted for autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during 1989-1991 in our university hospital. Patients with acute leukemia received either ABO unmatched, unfiltered transfusions (1985-89), ABO identical, unfiltered transfusions (1987-90), or ABO identical, filtered transfusions (1990-92). Patients with lymphoma received either ABO unmatched, unfiltered transfusions (1989-90) or ABO identical, filtered transfusions (1990-91). Mean platelet transfusion requirements per patient decreased with ABO identical platelets and filtered transfusions: from 143 to 71 units in the transplant setting; from 146 to 83 in acute leukemia (P < 0.05). Mean hospital ancillary service charges in 1992 dollars decreased with ABO identical platelets and filtered transfusions approximately $14,000 per patient for acute leukemia and $26,000 for for lymphoma. Per patient actual costs for filters ($643 in transplantation for lymphoma and $875 in leukemia) were offset by savings in actual blood component purchase costs alone ($4,127 in lymphoma and $3,283 in leukemia). In our setting, introduction of ABO identical platelets and filtration leukodepletion were implemented with substantial decreases in costs.
NONLINEAR INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS(ICA) USING POWER SERIES AND APPLICATION TO BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION (2001)

The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the mean square delay dependent-probability-distribution stability analysis of neutral type stochastic neural networks with time-delays. The time-delays are assumed to be interval time-varying and randomly occurring. Based on the new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and stochastic analysis approach, a novel sufficient condition is obtained in the form of linear matrix inequality such that the delayed stochastic neural networks are globally robustly asymptotically stable in the mean-square sense for all admissible uncertainties. Finally, the derived theoretical results are validated through numerical examples in which maximum allowable upper bounds are calculated for different lower bounds of time-delay.
Abstract 321: XPro1595 Reduces the Severity of Post Resuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest (2018)

Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction following cardiac arrest (CA), even after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A major contributor is pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), which induces cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dilation and reduced heart function. TNF activates two receptors: TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) induces detrimental cardiac pathology (impedes heart function and reduces survival); and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) promotes heart health (improves heart function and survival). This distinction is important because traditional TNF inhibitors (e.g. Etanercept and Infliximab) block the activity of both TNF receptors, causing heart failure. In contrast, selectively inhibiting TNFR1 will likely improve heart function and animal survival following CA. XPro1595 is a novel biologic that selectively inhibits the soluble form of TNF from activating detrimental TNFR1, without interfering with the transmembrane form of TNF to active beneficial TNFR2. Hypothesis: XPro1595 selectively inhibits the activity of TNFR1 to reduce myocardial dysfunction following CA. Methods: Adult Sprague Dawley rats were anaesthetized and underwent CA (8 min VF, then 8 min CPR), or sham surgery (omit VF and CPR), with or without XPro1595 (10 mg/kg, I.V.), or vehicle treatment 10 min later. Ejection fraction (EF), cardiac index (CI), and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured at baseline, and 2 and 4 hrs after ROSC. Sham + vehicle (n=5), CA + vehicle (n=5), CA + XPro1595 (n=5). Results: XPro1595 treatment significantly improved heart function following CA. For all parameters measured, XPro1595-treated CA animals showed significant improvement above vehicle-treated CA animals, but did not reach sham-operated levels (Fig. 1). Conclusions: Using XPro1595 to selectively inhibit soluble TNF from activating TNFR1 improves heart function following CA.
Human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons adopt and regulate the activity of an established neural network (2011)

Whether hESC-derived neurons can fully integrate with and functionally regulate an existing neural network remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that hESC-derived neurons receive unitary postsynaptic currents both in vitro and in vivo and adopt the rhythmic firing behavior of mouse cortical networks via synaptic integration. Optical stimulation of hESC-derived neurons expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 elicited both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents and triggered network bursting in mouse neurons. Furthermore, light stimulation of hESC-derived neurons transplanted to the hippocampus of adult mice triggered postsynaptic currents in host pyramidal neurons in acute slice preparations. Thus, hESC-derived neurons can participate in and modulate neural network activity through functional synaptic integration, suggesting they are capable of contributing to neural network information processing both in vitro and in vivo.
종설 : 동물의 스크래피양 해면상뇌증 ( 프리온병 ) - 문헌조사 (2001)

Scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathies (SEs) in animals are chronic diseases characterized by long incubation period followed by development of clinical signs associated with progressive loss of central nervous function. Before 1980, naturally occurring SEs had been recognized in four species: in sheep and goats as scrapie; in humans as kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia; in minks as transmissible mink encephalopathy. Since then, however, such transmissible encephalopathies have been diagnosed in a growing number of other species. An SE has been found to be the cause of chronic wasting disease in captive and free-living deer. “Mad cows” dying of bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE) present a major agricultural problem in Great Britain and pose a potential public health dilemma. In association with the BSE epidemic in domestic cattle in Europe, SEs have been diagnosed in domestic cats and 10 species of zoo animals in or from Great Britain. In the present communication, scrapie-like SEs occurred in dom7estic and wild and zoo animals are reviewed mainly in view of etiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis.
Improved infrared detection using nanoantennas (2017)

We examine integration of a patterned metal nanoantenna (or metasurface) directly onto long-wave infrared detectors. These structures show significantly improved external quantum efficiency compared to their traditional counterparts. We will show simulation and experimental results.
Below the surface: The inner lives of TLR4 and TLR9 (2019)

TLRs are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect invading microbes by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Upon PAMP engagement, TLRs activate a signaling cascade that leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. The localization of TLRs, either on the plasma membrane or in the endolysosomal compartment, has been considered to be a fundamental aspect to determine to which ligands the receptors bind, and which transduction pathways are induced. However, new observations have challenged this view by identifying complex trafficking events that occur upon TLR-ligand binding. These findings have highlighted the central role that endocytosis and receptor trafficking play in the regulation of the innate immune response. Here, we review the TLR4 and TLR9 transduction pathways and the importance of their different subcellular localization during the inflammatory response. Finally, we discuss the implications of TLR9 subcellular localization in autoimmunity.
Eutectic-Bismuth Indium as a Growth Solvent for the Electrochemical Liquid-Liquid-Solid Deposition of Germanium Microwires and Coiled Nanowires (2017)

Crystalline germanium (Ge) micro- and nanowires have been grown from aqueous electrolytes through an electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid (ec-LLS) process using eutectic bismuth indium (e-BiIn) alloy as the liquid metal electrode. This alloy represents the first non-Hg or non-Ga containing liquid metal to be used for the growth of a group IV semiconductor crystal below the boiling point of water. The electrochemical stability of e-BiIn in aqueous electrolyte was assessed through cyclic voltammetry, which showed the metal alloy was destabilized either by anodic oxidation at potentials more positive than −1.0 V vs E(Ag/AgCl) or by cathodic reduction of Bi to BiH3 at potentials more negative than −1.4 V vs E(Ag/AgCl). Within this potential window, ec-LLS produced Ge micro- and nanowires that were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction. The cumulative analyses showed pronounced crystallinity in the as-prepared Ge microwires and nanowires, with nanowires showing an unexpected coiled morphology. Atom probe tomography data showed some incorporation of In and Bi at 6 and 3 at. %, respectively. The tomography data further demonstrated that the distribution of the metals was not uniform, as In-rich clusters were observed. A high doping character in the as-prepared Ge nanowires was separately confirmed with two-terminal resistivity measurements. In total, this work not only identifies a new liquid metal type that is amenable for ec-LLS but also suggests strongly that the composition of the liquid metal influences the resultant crystal size, shape, and purity.
A DEAD-box protein alone promotes group II intron splicing and reverse splicing by acting as an RNA chaperone (2006)

Group II intron RNAs self-splice in vitro but only at high salt and/or Mg2+ concentrations and have been thought to require proteins to stabilize their active structure for efficient splicing in vivo. Here, we show that a DEAD-box protein, CYT-19, can by itself promote the splicing and reverse splicing of the yeast aI5gamma and bI1 group II introns under near-physiological conditions by acting as an ATP-dependent RNA chaperone, whose continued presence is not required after RNA folding. Our results suggest that the folding of some group II introns may be limited by kinetic traps and that their active structures, once formed, do not require proteins or high Mg2+ concentrations for structural stabilization. Thus, during evolution, group II introns could have spliced and transposed by reverse splicing by using ubiquitous RNA chaperones before acquiring more specific protein partners to promote their splicing and mobility. More generally, our results provide additional evidence for the widespread role of RNA chaperones in folding cellular RNAs.