gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct memory access usage optimization in network applications for reduced memory latency and energy consumption (2009)

Today, wireless networks are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. Usually several complex multi-threaded applications are mapped on a single embedded system and each of them is triggered by a different input stream (in accordance with the run-time behaviours of the user and the environment). This dynamicity renders the task of fully analyzing at design-time these systems very complex, if not impossible. Therefore, run-time information has to be used in order to produce an efficient design. This introduces new challenges, especially for embedded system designers using a Direct Memory Access (DMA) module, who have to know in advance the memory transfer behaviour of the whole system, in order to design and program their DMA efficiently. This is especially important in embedded systems with DRAM memories as the concurrent accesses from different processing elements can adversely affect the page-based architecture of these memory elements. Even more, the increasingly common usage of dynamic data types further complicates the problem because the exact location of data instances in the memory is unknown at design-time. In this paper we propose a system-level optimization methodology to adapt the DMA usage parameters automatically at run-time, according to online information. With our proposed optimization approach we manage to reduce the mean latency of the memory transfers by more than 18%, thus reducing the average number of cycles that processing elements or DMAs have to waste waiting for data from the main memory, while optimizing energy consumption and system responsiveness. We evaluate our approach using a set of real-life applications and real wireless dynamic streams.
Enhanced photodynamic destruction of a transplantable fibrosarcoma using photochemical internalisation of gelonin (2005)

Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a technique for releasing biologically active macromolecules from endocytic vesicles by light activation of a photosensitiser localised in the same vesicles of targeted cells. This study investigated the PCI of the toxin gelonin as a way of enhancing the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on a human malignant fibrous histiocytoma transplanted into nude mice using the photosensitiser disulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AlPcS(2a)). Pharmacokinetic studies after intraperitoneal administration showed that the serum level of AlPcS(2a) fitted a biexponential model (half-lives of 1.8 and 26.7 h). The tumour concentration was roughly constant up to 48 h, although fluorescence microscopy showed that the drug location was initially mainly vascular, but became intracellular by 48 h. To compare PDT with PCI, 48 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg(-1) AlPcS(2a), and 6 h after direct intratumour injection of 50 microg gelonin (PCI) or a similar volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PDT controls), tumour-bearing animals were exposed to red light (150 J cm(-2)). Complete response was observed for more than 100 days in 50% of the PCI tumours but only 10% of the PDT tumours (P<0.01). In tumours examined histologically 4 days after light delivery, the depth of necrosis was 3-4 mm after PDT, but 7 mm after PCI. The deeper effect after PCI demonstrates that the light fluence needed to kill tumour is less than with PDT. We conclude that PCI with gelonin can markedly enhance the effect of PDT on this type of tumour and may have a role clinically as an adjunct to surgery to control localised disease.
Towards a viable TDDB reliability assessment methodology: From breakdown physics to circuit failure (2009)

In this paper, the advances in the understanding of breakdown statistics and physics of the so-called first breakdown (BD) phenomena are presented. Then the recent findings on post-breakdown effects and the impact of oxide BD on device failure and circuit functionality are reviewed. With this state-of-the-art understanding of the first BD methodology and post-BD methodologies, a robust reliability projection methodology can be developed for SiO2-based dielectrics which covers a wide range of oxide thicknesses and applied voltages. Furthermore, these advances will allow the development of a viable circuit-level reliability assessment methodology from basic breakdown physics.
Anti-Salmonella activity of plant species in the Benin republic: Artemisia afra and Detarium senegalense with promising in vitro and in vivo activities (2022)

Non-typhoidal invasive Salmonella (NTiS) diseases are one of the most important zoonoses in the world. This study explored the antipathogenic potential of twenty-four plants used in Benin folk medicine against NTiS diseases. The in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ethanolic plant extracts were screened against clinical resistant isolates and ATCC reference strains of Salmonella. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected rat model was used to examine the in vivo antibacterial potential of plant extracts. Of the 24 plants, 18 plants exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.156 to 1.25 mg/mL. Anacardium occidentale, Artemisia afra, Detarium microcarpum, Detarium senegalense, and Leucaena leucocephala were the most active plant species. Extracts from A. afra, D. microcarpum, and D. senegalense showed biofilm inhibition greater than 50% against Salmonella clinical isolates. In the rat model of infection, A. afra and D. senegalense extracts were found to have an effective dose of less than 100 mg/kg and to stop the salmonellosis after 10 days of treatment. Additionally, these extracts did not produce any toxic effects in the treated animals. These results indicate clear evidence supporting the anti-Salmonella activity of A. afra and D. senegalense. Further studies are now needed to isolate bioactive compounds and to ensure the safety of these plant species.
Serum lactate upon emergency department arrival as a predictor of 30-day in-hospital mortality in an unselected population (2018)

A serum lactate level > 2.6 mmol/L predicted 30-day in-hospital mortality in unselected patients who arrived to the ED and were admitted to the hospital. Additionally, serum lactate test in the ED could be an effective screening method for identifying low risk patients.
Query caching and optimization in distributed mediator systems (1996)

Query processing and optimization in mediator systems that access distributed non-proprietary sources pose many novel problems. Cost-based query optimization is hard because the mediator does not have access to source statistics information and furthermore it may not be easy to model the source's performance. At the same time, querying remote sources may be very expensive because of high connection overhead, long computation time, financial charges, and temporary unavailability. We propose a cost-based optimization technique that caches statistics of actual calls to the sources and consequently estimates the cost of the possible execution plans based on the statistics cache. We investigate issues pertaining to the design of the statistics cache and experimentally analyze various tradeoffs. We also present a query result caching mechanism that allows us to effectively use results of prior queries when the source is not readily available. We employ the novel invariants mechanism, which shows how semantic information about data sources may be used to discover cached query results of interest.
The Gut-<em>Ex-vivo</em> System (GEVS) Is a Dynamic and Versatile Tool for the Study of Dnbs-Induced IBDin BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice (2022)

Background: IBD is a spectrum of pathologies characterized by dysregulated immune activation leading to uncontrolled response against intestinal, thus resulting in chronic gut inflammation and tissue damage. Due to its complexity, the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease onset and progression are still elusive, thus requiring intense research effort. In this context, the development of models recapitulating the etiopathology of IBD is critical.Methods: Colon from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice were cultivated in a gut-ex-vivo system (GEVS), exposed 5h to DNBS 1,5 or 2,5 mg/ml, and the main hallmarkers of IBD were evaluated.Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a DNBS-induced: i) compromised Tight junction organization, responsible for tissue permeability dysregulation; induction of ER stress, and iii) tissue inflammation in colon of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the concomitant DNBS-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways was evident in colon from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.Conclusions: Overall, we have provided results demonstrating that GEVS is a consistent, reliable, and cost-effective system for modeling DNBS-induced IBD, useful for studying the onset and progression of human disease at the molecular level, while also reducing animal suffering.
IMPROVED SURVIVAL OF FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE RATS AFTER TREATMENT WITH THE UCLA BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER SUPPORT DEVICE THAT UTILIZES MICROENCAPSULATED PORCINE HEPATOCYTES (1996)

Biggins, S.; Dixit, V.; Arthur, M.; Martin, P.; Chen, S; Rozga, J; Demetriou, A; Gitnick, G. Author Information
Randomized spatial pooling in deep convolutional networks for scene recognition (2015)

The spatial layout of scene images is essential to recognizing them. Without considering spatial layout information, the deep convolutional neural networks could not achieve satisfied performance on scene recognition. In this paper a novel network architecture, namely the randomized spatial pooling (RS-Pooling) layer, is proposed to incorporate the spatial layout information into the deep model. By partitioning the feature maps via randomized patterns, the RS-Pooling layer offers the probability to handle various image layouts. Moreover, a maxout objective function is adopted to adaptively choose the optimal partition pattern to characterize the image layout. The experimental results on the scene recognition benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RS-Pooling architecture.
Ruby fluorescence pressure scale: Revisited (2013)

Effect of non-hydrostatic stress on X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is studied. The pressure gradient in the sample chamber leads to the broadening of the diffraction peaks, which increase with the hkl index of the crystal. It is found that the difference between the determined d-spacing compressive ratio d/d0 and the real d-spacing compressive ratio dr/d0 is determined by the yield stress of the pressure transmitting media (if used) and the shear modulus of the sample. On the basis of the corrected experiment data of Mao et al. (MXB86), which was used to calibrate the most widely used ruby fluorescence scale, a new relationship of ruby fluorescence pressure scale is corrected, i.e., P = (1904/9.827)[(1 + Δλ/λ0)9.827−1].
Influence of Sputtering Geometry on Crystallinity of Al(110) Thin Films on Offset (100)Si (1993)

The quality of Al(110) deposited by means of dc magnetron sputtering on misoriented (100) Si has been examined for various incident geometries between the Al beam and the vicinal Si surface. The ideal atomic step configuration of this substrate is similar to a stairway. Three directions of incidence (downstairs, upstairs and from the side of the stairway) were investigated. The X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the crystallinity is improved for the upstairs grazing incidence. The results are explained in terms of the enhanced Al surface migration due to the grazing incidence and the dominant growth at the steps on the surface.
Imaging with a Rigid Multimode Fiber Bundle (2021)

A rigid multimode fiber bundle is proposed for imaging, in an experimental setup with no interferometric measurements. The great amount of propagating modes in the fiber bundle, along with its high numerical aperture, enable us to set predetermined focus targets with, approximately, 60 μm resolution. In order to do so, an optimization process to build transmission matrices was applied to overcome modal interference and obtain focus. Here, we also show that transmission matrices could be stored and combined, so focus could be simultaneously achieved in different locations, at the distal end of the fiber bundle.
Modulation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity Alters Androgen-Independent Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells: Therapeutic Implications (2011)

Earlier we identified PPP2CA, which encodes for the α-isoform of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit, as one of the downregulated genes in androgen-independent prostate cancer. PP2A is a serine/threonine phosphatase and a potent tumor suppressor involved in broad cellular functions; however, its role in prostate cancer has not yet been determined. Here, we have investigated the effect of PP2A activity modulation on the androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells. Our data show that the PPP2CA expression and PP2A activity is downregulated in androgen-independent (C4-2) prostate cancer cells as compared with androgen-dependent (LNCaP) cells. Downregulation of PP2A activity by pharmacologic inhibition or short interfering RNA-mediated PPP2CA silencing sustains the growth of LNCaP cells under an androgen-deprived condition by relieving the androgen deprivation-induced cell-cycle arrest and preventing apoptosis. Immunoblot analyses reveal enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), BAD, increased expression of cyclins (A1/D1), and decreased expression of cyclin inhibitor (p27) on PP2A downregulation. Furthermore, our data show that androgen receptor (AR) signaling is partially maintained in PP2A-inhibited cells through increased AR expression and ligand-independent phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibition of Akt, ERK, and AR suggest a role of these signaling pathways in facilitating the androgen-independent growth of LNCaP cells. These observations are supported by the effect of ceramide, a PP2A activator, on androgen-independent C4-2 cells. Ceramide inhibited the growth of C4-2 cells on androgen deprivation, an effect that could be abrogated by PP2A downregulation. Altogether, our findings suggest that modulation of PP2A activity may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Faecal Calprotectin: A Novel Test for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer? (1993)

Calprotectin, a prominent cytosol protein in neutrophil granulocytes, was present in increased concentrations in stools from 50 of 53 patients with colorectal cancer, 32 of 40 patients with colorectal polyps, and all of 18 patients with gastric cancer. After radical surgery, faecal calprotectin levels reverted to the normal range in all but one patient with colorectal cancer. Calprotectin determinations are simplified by the stability of this protein in stools. Reliable estimates can be obtained in samples of only 5 g. On the basis of data from the literature, the test for calprotectin seems better than that for occult blood for the detection of gastrointestinal neoplasms.
The effects of the bacterial interaction with visible-light responsive titania photocatalyst on the bactericidal performance (2009)

Bactericidal activity of traditional titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst is effective only upon irradiation by ultraviolet light, which restricts the potential applications of TiO2 for use in our living environments. Recently carbon-containing TiO2 was found to be photoactive at visible-light illumination that affords the potential to overcome this problem; although, the bactericidal activity of these photocatalysts is relatively lower than conventional disinfectants. Evidenced from scanning electron microscopy and confocal Raman spectral mapping analysis, we found the interaction with bacteria was significantly enhanced in these anatase/rutile mixed-phase carbon-containing TiO2. Bacteria-killing experiments indicate that a significantly higher proportion of all tested pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Acinetobacter baumannii, were eliminated by the new nanoparticle with higher bacterial interaction property. These findings suggest the created materials with high bacterial interaction ability might be a useful strategy to improve the antimicrobial activity of visible-light-activated TiO2.
E1B 55‐kDa deleted, Ad5/F35 fiber chimeric adenovirus, a potential oncolytic agent for B‐lymphocytic malignancies (2009)

CRAd SG235 may serve as a potential anticancer agent, or a therapeutic vehicle for harboring anticancer genes, in B-cell tumor treatment.
Von 1900 bis zur Lieferung des ersten Brown-Boveri-Turboladers im Juni 1924 (1993)

Die ersten Jahre des neuen Jahrhunderts sind gekennzeichnet durch zunehmenden Wohlstand, Fortschritt und den Glauben an die Zukunftsbewältigung durch den denkenden Menschen. Der Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs 1914 beendete abrupt diese optimistische Periode. Nach den schwierigen Nachkriegsjahren befand sich die Weltwirtschaft dann wieder im Aufschwung, als der erste BBC-Turbolader geliefert wurde.
251 FOLLICLE DEVIATION AND OVULATORY CAPACITY IN BOS INDICUS HEIFERS (2006)

In Holstein cows, the diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) at the time of follicle deviation is 8.5 mm and the subordinate follicle (SF) is 7.2 mm (Ginther et al . 1996 Biol. Reprod. 55, 1187–1194). However, follicular responsiveness to an ovulatory treatment occurs only with 10.0-mm-diameter follicles (Sartori et al . 2001 Biol. Reprod. 65, 1403–1409). The current study tested the hypothesis that, in Bos indicus (Nelore and crossbred Nelore × Gir) females, the follicular diameters at the time of deviation and ovulation responsiveness are smaller than those in Holstein cows. The experiment was performed in two phases. In the first phase, 12 Nelore heifers were previously synchronized with a protocol using progestagen and estradiol benzoate. After implant removal, all heifers were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka SSD-500, Tokyo, Japan) every 12 h until Day 5 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = Day of the ovulation) to assess the time of ovulation, the time of follicle deviation, and the follicular diameter at the deviation. In the second phase, 29 Bos indicus heifers (Nelore and crossbred Nelore × Gir) were previously synchronized with the same protocol as cited above. After the ovulations (Day 0), the follicles were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography every 24 h, until they reached the diameter of 7.0–8.4 mm ( n = 9); 8.5–10.0 mm ( n = 10); and &amp;gt;10.0 mm ( n = 10). In order to assess the ovulatory capacity, all animals were treated with 25 mg of LH (Lutropin-V®; Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) at these follicle diameter ranges. After the LH treatment, all animals were monitored by ultrasonography every 12 h for 48 h. ANOVA, Bartlett, and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analyses. In the first phase, the diameters of the DF and SF at the time of follicular deviation (61.9 ± 4.9 h after ovulation) were 6.2 ± 0.2 and 5.8 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. In the second phase, the the average follicular diameters at the time of LH administration in the groups 7.0–8.4 mm, 8.5–10.0 mm, and &amp;gt;10.0 mm were 7.6a ± 0.1 mm, 9.6b ± 0.1 mm, and 10.9c ± 0.2 mm; and their ovulation rates were 33.3%a (3/9), 80.0%b (8/10), and 90.0%b (9/10), respectively ( P &amp;lt; 0.05). The interval from LH treatment to ovulation was 38.0 ± 4.0 h, 31.5 ± 2.7 h, and 30.0 ± 2.0 h, respectively ( P &amp;gt; 0.05). In conclusion, in Bos indicus heifers, follicle deviation occurred with smaller diameters than previously reported in Bos taurus breeds. In addition, Bos indicus heifers are able to ovulate in response to 25 mg of LH with smaller diameters compared to those of Bos taurus breeds. Moreover, in Bos indicus heifers, ovulatory capacity is acquired by follicles as small as 7.0–8.4 mm, but this responsiveness significantly increases after follicles reach 8.5–10.0 mm. This work was supported by FAPESP (Proc:03/10203-4); Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada; and Tecnopec, São Paulo, Brazil .
ChemInform Abstract: MATRIX REACTIONS OF BROMINE ATOMS AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE MOLECULES (1979)

Abstract Reaktion von atomarem Br mit NO 2 in einer Ar‐Matrix führt zu BrNO 2 , das durch Bestrahlung im nahen UV zur Photoisomerisierung zu ONOBr angeregt wird., Dieses photolytische Verhalten steht im krassen Gegensatz zu dem von ONOF und ONOCl, die zu den entsprechenden Nitrylhalogeniden photoisomerisieren.
Rapid synthesis of epitaxial ZnO films from aqueous solution using microwave heating (2010)

Rapid deposition of epitaxial ZnO films has been demonstrated with a low temperature aqueous solution technique utilizing microwave heating. X-Ray diffraction analysis of films deposited on single crystal (111) MgAl2O4 substrates revealed the ZnO to deposit epitaxially with an orientational relationship of ZnO [110]‖MgAl2O4 [2] & ZnO [010]‖MgAl2O4 [10]. By altering conditions of solution pH, ammonia concentration, heating rate, and hold time, the growth rate and morphology of the ZnO films can be modified. Using a pH 11, 1 mol L−1ammonia growth solution, an approximately 2 micron thick continuous ZnO film can be deposited in only 5 minutes at 90 °C. Compared to similar ZnO deposition conditions using conventional heating, the use of microwave heating resulted in substantially higher nucleation and growth rates. Using an explanation based on classical nucleation theory and predicted variations in ZnO solubility with temperature, the increase in nucleation and growth rate is attributed to the high heating rates achieved with microwave heating.
[Hemodynamic effects of bunitrolol]. (1977)

Horace White wasn't informed about George R. Bidwell's interference with the Steele Douglas contest. He apologizes for publishing incorrect information.
Single-molecule DNA Bases Discrimination in Oligonucleotides by Controllable Trapping in Plasmonic Nanoholes (2019)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing of DNA sequences by plasmonic nanopores could pave a way to new generation single-molecule sequencing platforms. The SERS discrimination of single DNA bases depends critically on the time that a DNA strand resides within the plasmonic hot spot. However, DNA molecules flow through the nanopores so rapidly that the SERS signals collected are not sufficient for single-molecule analysis. In this work, we report an approach to control the time that molecules reside in the hot spot by physically adsorbing them onto a gold nanoparticle and then trapping the single nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanohole. By trapping the nanoparticle for up to minutes, we demonstrate single-molecule SERS detection of all 4 DNA bases as well as discrimination of single nucleobases in a single oligonucleotide. Our method can be extended easily to label-free sensing of single-molecule amino acids and proteins.