gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsurface seeding of surface harmful algal blooms observed through the integration of autonomous gliders, moored environmental sample processors, and satellite remote sensing in southern California (2015)

Abstract An observational study was performed in the central Southern California Bight in Spring 2010 to understand the relationship between seasonal spring phytoplankton blooms and coastal processes that included nutrient input from upwelling, wastewater effluent plumes, and other processes. Multi‐month Webb Slocum glider deployments combined with MBARI environmental sample processors (ESPs), weekly pier sampling, and ocean color data provided a multidimensional characterization of the development and evolution of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Results from the glider and ESP observations demonstrated that blooms of toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia sp. can develop offshore and subsurface prior to their manifestation in the surface layer and/or near the coast. A significant outbreak and surface manifestation of the blooms coincided with periods of upwelling, or other processes that caused shallowing of the pycnocline and subsurface chlorophyll maximum. Our results indicate that subsurface populations can be an important source for “seeding” surface Pseudo‐nitzschia HAB events in southern California.
A Simple and Efficient Model to Determine the Photonic Parameters of a Photopolymerizable Resin Usable in 3D Printing (2021)

Abstract This study provides insight into the relationship between the photochemical reactivity and the photonic parameters of an acrylate formulation usable in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. First the photoreactivity of riboflavin tetrabutyrate (RFT) used as a non‐toxic photoinitiator is assessed by laser flash photolysis in the absence and in the presence of an amine as co‐initiator. RFT alone is able to photopolymerize the acrylate formulation at a rate which is drastically increased when the co‐initiator is added. Then, the depth of light penetration (Dp) and the critical energy (Ec) to form a polymer film were measured and compared to those determined from the Bouguer‐Lambert‐Beer law for Dp and from the Stockmayer equation and photopolymerization experiments for Ec. A new proposed model is able to predict the in‐depth acrylate conversion within a printed part with a relatively low input of experimental parameters. Confocal Raman microscopy is used to discuss the effect of the photobleaching of RFT in the absence of co‐initiator on the photopolymerized films. Finally, it is shown that this formulation performs quite well for 3D printing with a resolution close to the best performance of the DLP printer.
Observing avalanche dynamics with Distributed Acoustic Sensing (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Avalanche research requires comprehensive measurements of sudden and rapid snow mass movement that is hard to predict. Automatic cameras, radar and infrasound sensors provide valuable observations of avalanche structure and dynamic parameters, such as velocity. Recently, seismic sensors have also gained popularity, because they can monitor avalanche activity over larger spatial scales. Moreover, seismic signals elucidate rheological properties, which can be used to distinguish different types of avalanches and flow regimes. To date, however, seismic instrumentation in avalanche terrain is sparse. This limits the spatial resolution of avalanche details, needed to characterise flow regimes and maximise detection accuracy for avalanche warning.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;As an alternative to conventional seismic instrumentation, we propose Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to measure avalanche-induced ground motion. DAS is based on fibre-optic technology, which has previously been used already for environmental monitoring, e.g., of snow avalanches. Thanks to recent technological advances, modern DAS interrogators allow us to measure dynamic strain along a fibre-optic cable with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. It therefore becomes possible to record seismic signals along many kilometres of fibre-optic cables, with a spatial resolution of a few metres, thereby creating large arrays of seismic receivers. We test this approach at an avalanche test site in the Valle&amp;amp;#233; de la Sionne, in the Swiss Alps, using an existing 700 m long fibre-optic cable that is permanently installed underground for the purpose of data transfer of other, independent avalanche measurements.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;During winter 2020/2021, we recorded numerous snow avalanches, including several which reached the valley bottom, travelling directly over the cable during runout. The DAS recordings show clear seismic signatures revealing individual flow surges and various phases/modes that may be associated with roll waves and avalanche arrest. We compare our observations to state-of-the-art radar and seismic measurements which ideally complement the DAS data.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Our initial analysis highlights the suitability of DAS-based monitoring and research for avalanches and other hazardous granular flows. Moreover, the clear detectability of avalanche signals using existing fibre-optic infrastructure of telecommunication networks opens the opportunity for unrivalled warning capabilities in Alpine environments.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Use of Non-Conventional Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in Treatment or Upgradation of Hydrophobic Industry Wastes (2021)

Abstract The review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the possibility of using non-conventional yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica in the treatment and upgradation of industry wastes. Importantly Y. lipolytica yeast is argued as generally recognized as safe species, what indicates the high application potential of the reviewed technologies. Special emphasis in the paper was given on microbial processing of the food industry wastes, including fish and animals’ wastes utilization. Yarrowia -based processing of waste cooking oil or oil-bearing plants wastewaters, such as palm oil mill effluents or olive mill wastewater was reviewed. Recent advances in biosynthesis of valuable metabolites (e.g. lipases or microbial oil) with simultaneous wastes utilization by Y. lipolytica are additionally discussed. The broad implications of the present paper are a part of sustainable development policy. Graphic Abstract
The Choice of Proton Pump Inhibitor: Does it matter? (2004)

Proton pump inhibitors are used at different dosages for the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastro-oesophaeal reflux and peptic ulcer disease. Comparisons of four different proton pump inhibitors: lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole show that they all have similar potency and efficacy. Rabeprazole, however, displays a slightly more rapid onset of acid inhibition than the others; the clinical advantage of this seems limited. The S-isomer of omeprazole, esomeprazole, exhibits a somewhat higher potency than the other proton pump inhibitors. Reports supporting a clinical advantage of this property are not convincing. To conclude, all inhibitors seem comparable as regards inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
Simulation of Combustion Instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines with Acoustic Perturbation Equations (2009)

The authors present a new method for predicting combustion instabilities in liquid rocket engines. This method is based on the solution of the linearized governing equations for a three-dimensional combustor geometry in the time domain. The aim of this paper is to show the general feasibility of the approach and to explain the general behavior of the model. The computational domain comprises the combustion chamber itself and the convergent part of the nozzle. The heat release is included via a source term in the linearized energy equation. In the example of the European Aestus engine, it is shown that the model is able to predict the different oscillation modes without any preliminary assumptions about them. An analysis of the influence of the nozzle illustrates that its behavior is automatically included in the approach by design. In comparison to the solution of the full Navier―Stokes equations, the method has the advantage of a much lower numerical cost.
Preparation and Properties of Segmented Quasi-Dynamic Display Device (2012)

A kind of material, microencapsulated electronic ink, was prepared and supported on ITO glass used as backplane electrode and etched panels of the words “N-P-U” as pixel electrode. In addition, a quasi-dynamic display device was designed for electronic paper. The control signal generated by monostable process of 555 counter was used to drive the relay to work. The actual output of this kind of display was also observed. Through the combination of 555 counter and relay, quasi-dynamic electronic ink display was able to be achieved at the voltage of 15 V. Furthermore, the delay time can be controlled within 0–10 seconds by adjusting monostable trigger time of the counter.
Current control for magnetized plasma in direct-current plasma-immersion ion implantation (2003)

A method to control the ion current in direct-current plasma-immersion ion implantation (PIII) is reported for low-pressure magnetized inductively coupled plasma. The ion current can be conveniently adjusted by applying bias voltage to the conducting grid that separates plasma formation and implantation (ion acceleration) zones without the need to alter the rf input power, gas flux, or other operating conditions. The ion current that diminishes with an increase in grid bias in magnetized plasmas can be varied from 48 to 1 mA by increasing the grid voltage from 0 to 70 V at −50 kV sample bias and 0.5 mTorr hydrogen pressure. High implantation voltage and monoenergetic immersion implantation can now be achieved by controlling the ion current without varying the macroscopic plasma parameters. The experimental results and interpretation of the effects are presented in this letter. This technique is very attractive for PIII of planar samples that require on-the-fly adjustment of the implantation current at high implantation voltage but low substrate temperature. In some applications such as hydrogen PIII-ion cut, it may obviate the need for complicated sample cooling devices that must work at high voltage.
The oxygen effect: pertinent or irrelevant to clinical radiotherapy (1968)

Dr. Hall's letter in your November issue should be welcomed for drawing attention to the possibility that hypoxic cells in tumours may not in practice be a limiting factor in the treatment of malignant disease by fractionated radiotherapy. This is, however, not a new idea and has been pointed out recently on several occasions, for example by Alper (1967), Bewley (1966) and Thomlinson (1967).
Activation energies for pyramidal inversion of sulfonium selenonium and telluronium ylides based on ab initio MO calculations (1995)

Ab initio MO calculations of sulfonium, selenonium and telluronium ylides R12X+–C–R22(X = S, Se, Te; R1= H, Me; R2= H, CN) have been performed to estimate their thermal stabilities toward the pyramidal inversion (vertex inversion) reaction. Geometrical parameters at both the global minima and the saddlepoints are independent of the levels of theory employed. However, the activation energies for the pyramidal inversion reaction depend on the levels of theory employed; a method superior to the Hartree–Fock level of theory was necessary for the present purposes. The activation energies for the pyramidal inversion were also found to depend on the substituents. The present computations clearly indicate that the telluronium ylides require higher activation energies for the pyramidal inversion reaction than those of the sulfonium and selenonium ylides.
DNA Methylation Signatures of the Plant Chromomethyltransferases (2016)

DNA methylation in plants is traditionally partitioned into CG, CHG and CHH contexts (with H any nucleotide but G). By investigating DNA methylation patterns in trinucleotide contexts in four angiosperm species, we show that such a representation hides spatial and functional partitioning of different methylation pathways and is incomplete. CG methylation (mCG) is largely context-independent whereas, at CHG motifs, there is under-representation of mCCG in pericentric regions of A. thaliana and tomato and throughout the chromosomes of maize and rice. In A. thaliana the biased representation of mCCG in heterochromatin is related to specificities of H3K9 methyltransferase SUVH family members. At CHH motifs there is an over-representation of different variant forms of mCHH that, similarly to mCCG hypomethylation, is partitioned into the pericentric regions of the two dicots but dispersed in the monocot chromosomes. The over-represented mCHH motifs in A. thaliana associate with specific types of transposon including both class I and II elements. At mCHH the contextual bias is due to the involvement of various chromomethyltransferases whereas the context-independent CHH methylation in A. thaliana and tomato is mediated by the RNA-directed DNA methylation process that is most active in the gene-rich euchromatin. This analysis therefore reveals that the sequence context of the methylome of plant genomes is informative about the mechanisms associated with maintenance of methylation and the overlying chromatin structure.
Large-scale synthesis of high moment FeCo nanoparticles using modified polyol synthesis (2012)

Binary alloys of Fe and Co have among the highest magnetizations of any transition metal alloy systems, but their affinity to form oxides act to reduce the magnetization of nanoparticles as their size is reduced below ∼30 nm. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of single phase, size-controlled FeCo nanoparticles having magnetization greater than 200 emu/g via a non-aqueous method in which ethylene glycol served as solvent and reducing agent as well as surfactant. Experiments indicated pure-phase FeCo nanoparticles, having saturation magnetization up to 221 emu/g for sizes of 20–30 nm, in single batch processes resulting in &amp;gt; 2 g/batch. Post-synthesis oxidation of nanoparticles was investigated until very stable nanoparticles were realized with constant magnetization over time.
[Leukemic cell kinetics of APL with a novel complex variant t (12;17;15)(p13;q21;q22)]. (2020)

A 69-year-old woman with leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia was referred to our hospital. Her bone marrow comprised 70.5% abnormal promyelocytes that were positive for myeloperoxidase/CD33/CD117 and CD13 (dim) and negative for CD2/CD34/CD56 and HLA-DR. Chromosome analysis of the bone marrow showed t (12;17;15) (p13;q21;q22), and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed the PML-RARA fusion signal only on the derivative chromosome 15. The patient was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with PML-RARA and was treated using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In peripheral blood (PB), PML-RARA-positive polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) appeared on the second week and became negative on the sixth week after treatment, whereas PML-RARA-negative PMNs started to increase in number on the sixth week. Molecular remission was confirmed on the 10th week. Quantitative evaluation of the differentiated leukemic cells of APL and recovered cells from normal hematopoiesis in PB can provide useful information for a safer induction therapy. No significant difference was noted in the kinetics of the leukemic cells under ATRA treatment as well as in the clinical features between our patient without RARA-PML and those with t (15;17), which is a cytogenetic evidence for the critical role of PML-RARA in the pathogenesis of APL.
Simple Method of Synthesizing Nickel–Nitrilotriacetic Acid Gold Nanoparticles with a Narrow Size Distribution for Protein Labeling (2011)

We developed a simple method to synthesize nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid gold nanoparticles (Ni–NTA Au NPs) with a narrow size distribution for site-specific labeling in protein complexes. Au NPs were synthesized by the reduction of HAuCl4 using trisodium citrate and tannin acid. Then, the nanoparticle surfaces were modified with NTA and subsequent complexation with Ni2+. The mean diameter of the synthesized Ni–NTA Au NPs was 4.3 nm, and the coefficient of variation was 9%. The specific binding of the Ni–NTA Au NPs to polyhistidine-tagged (His-tagged) proteins was determined by transmission electron microscopy using kinesin and the p62 subunit of dynactin. Consequently, our method is useful for analyzing the substructures of protein complexes.
Study of deactivation and regeneration of catalysts used in the LC-fining of solvent refined coal (1981)

Batch experiments as well as results from LC-Fining catalytic upgrading of coal extracts indicate deactivation of the Shell 324 Ni/Mo catalyst in the presence of solvent refined coal (SRC). At increased levels of SRC loading, deactivation increases. The chief cause of catalyst deactivation appears to be coking. The Shell 324 catalyst can be substantially regenerated after the upgrading reaction by medium temperature ashing followed by presulfiding.
Distributed Photovoltaic Power Station Fault Diagnosis Based on Random Forest (2021)

Aiming at the problem of fault diagnosis of distributed photovoltaic power stations, a fault diagnosis method of distributed photovoltaic power stations based on random forest algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the k-means algorithm is used to divide the distributed photovoltaic power station data set into three types: normal, fault and critical, and then the random forest algorithm is used to establish two diagnosis models of critical random forest and fault random forest, so as to realize the fault diagnosis of distributed photovoltaic power station. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are verified by simulation. The simulation results show that this method can accurately diagnose the fault types of photovoltaic power generation system, which is of great significance for the intelligent operation and maintenance of distributed photovoltaic power stations.
Conversion of Perfluorobenzyl Complexes of Rhodium to Fluorinated Oxarhodacycles (2000)

The perfluorobenzylrhodium complex [Cp*Rh(CO)(CF2C6F5)(I)], 1 (Cp* = C5Me5), reacts with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) with loss of CO2 and formation of the iodo-bridged dimer [Cp*Rh(μ2-I)(CF2C6F5)]2, 5, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. While attempts to prepare hydroxo complexes by reaction of [Cp*Rh(PMe3)(CF2C6F5)(I)], 3, with sources of hydroxide were unsuccessful, treatment of 3 with moist silver oxide affords the oxametallacycle [Cp*(PMe3)RhO(C6F4)CF2], 9, which undergoes rapid hydrolysis of the α-CF2 group by adventitious moisture to afford the crystallographically characterized analogue [Cp*(PMe3)RhO(C6F4)CO], 10. A brief discussion of possible mechanisms is presented.
Dibenzotetraselenafulvalene (DBTSF). Synthesis and conducting salts (1983)

I. Johannsen, K. Bechgaard, K. Mortensen and C. Jacobsen, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 295 DOI: 10.1039/C39830000295
TGFβ and HIV Infectiona (1993)

TGF beta is a cytokine which is involved with the regulation of different aspects of host defense responses to injury. Overexpression of TGF beta can lead to the conversion of its protective functions to pathogenetic manifestations. TGF beta is a potent factor in promoting anabolic aspects in connective tissue metabolism, and uncontrolled production of TGF beta has been associated with the development of fibrosis. With respect to its effects on immune and inflammatory responses, TGF beta is an important endogenous immunosuppressive factor which physiologically may protect the organism from tissue damage caused by chronic activation of leukocytes. As a result of overproduction in HIV infection, this function of TGF beta can contribute to noncytopathic mechanisms of immunodeficiency. TGF beta is involved with several aspects of HIV disease and promotes virus replication and spreading through multiple distinct mechanisms. It directly stimulates virus replication in infected monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells under certain in vitro conditions. It may stimulate the production of other cytokines that enhance virus replication and it may be the mediator of other HIV-stimulating agents such as cocaine. It enhances recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes as cells susceptible to virus infection. Through its profound and broad inhibitory effects on different antiviral defense mechanisms, it facilitates more rapid progression of virus infection and increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Although these findings are largely based on in vitro systems, the demonstration of TGF beta overexpression in HIV-infected patients supports the notion that this cytokine is an important pathogenetic mediator in HIV infection and its associated diseases. Therapeutic strategies to interfere with these functions of TGF beta are the development of TGF beta-neutralizing antibodies and soluble TGF beta-binding proteins and receptors as well as approaches directed at reducing TGF beta gene expression.
The S-nitroso derivative of omapatrilat (Vanlev) can act as a substrate for cell surface protein disulfide isomerase and thus deliver NO to the cytosol of human umbilical endothelial cells,in vitro (2001)

Omapatrilat (Vanlev) is a new vasopeptidase inhibitor. It simultaneously inhibits two key enzymes involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function, neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Omapatrilat contains a free thiol group that can potentially act as a nitric oxide (NO)-carrier. In this study, we explored the ability Omapatrilat-NO to donate NO to the cytosol of by acting as a substrate for the enzyme cell-surface protein disufide isomerase. Methods: These dynamic microscopy studies, were conducted on live human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, with the aid of fluorescent intracellular NO-probe dansylhomocysteine. With this compound the kinetics of cell-surface protein disulfide isomerase-catalyzed NO transfer from S-nitrosothiols, like Omapatrrilat-NO can be directly evaluated. The levels of cell-surface protein disulfide isomerase protein, were also monitored as a function of Omapatrilat by Western blotting. The estimated KM of cell-surface protein disulfide isomerase for Omapatrilat-NO, in the presence of 10 micromolar Omapatrilat was 40 micromolar. When the kinetics were repeated after a 24 h pretreatment of the cells with 10 micromolar Omapatrilat, the KM decreased by 30-fold to 1.4 micromolar. Western blot analysis of secreted protein disulfide isomerase, indicated that the amount of protein also increased by nearly 5-fold upon a 24h incubation with Omapatrilat. These studies show that the NO derivative of Omapatrilat is stable and can donate its NO to the cytosol through the action of the enzyme cell-surface protein disufide isomerase. These studies also demonstrate that Omapatrilat can affect the affinity of the enzyme as well as upregulating its excreteion by and unknown mechanism. The results presented here indicate that apart from vasopeptidase inhibiton, Omapatrilat could potentially act as a vasodilator by its ability to carry NO and to positively affect the enzyme resposible for the release of S-nitrosothiol-bound NO into the cells comprizing the vasculature.