gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Testing of the Magnet System for SuSI Superconducting Source for Ions (2007)

A new superconducting ECR ion source operating at 18 + 14.5 GHz microwave frequencies has been designed and is presently being constructed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. The magnet system consists of a sextupole magnet assembly surrounded by 6 solenoid coils. Using more solenoid coils gives the ability to adjust the minimum magnetic field as well as vary the position of the axial fields at injection and extraction. The sextupole coils are confined within the solenoid bobbin using the inflated bladder technique. Coil winding and individual coil tests have been completed as well as assembly of the magnetic components. Because the sextupole is the most challenging part of the project, due to the high magnetic fields and large forces, each individual coil was tested to current densities well beyond what are required for actual operation. Testing of the completed magnet system was done in a test Dewar prior to completing the LHe vessel and continuing with cryostat construction. Magnet fabrication, assembly, and testing results will be presented.
Knorpel und Arthrose (2004)

Der humane hyaline Knorpel ist ein hypozelluläres, avaskuläres, aneurales und alymphatisches Gewebe, das die artikulierenden Knochenenden eines synovialen Gelenkes überzieht. Es besteht aus Chondrozyten und einer extrazellulären Matrix, welche hauptsächlich aus Kollagenen und Proteoglykanen besteht. Das Verhältnis der Matrixkomponenten zueinander bestimmt die viskoelastischen Eigenschaften des Gewebes und ermöglicht die Absorption der einwirkenden Kräfte.
Darstellung des neonatalen Hüftgelenkes in der anatomischen Frontalebene und im Ultraschallbild (2008)

Sonographic hip diagnosis depends on anatomical identification. Makromorphological studies by plastination and cryosectioning was done using small hips. Details of the anatomy are presented. Different positions of the proximal femur are demonstrated, as well as the physiological development of the hip.
<title>Converging TIR lens for nonimaging concentration of light from compact incoherent sources</title> (1993)

The total internal reflection lens is a multi-faceted non-imaging device that was introduced in a paper we presented at the SPIE Non-Imaging Optics conference two years ago, with emphasis on solar-energy concentration. This paper will discuss the concentration on a target of the light emitted omnidirectionally from a compact source, such as an incandescent filament, a light- emitting diode, or an arc lamp. The converging type of TIR lens can efficiently concentrate this light into the relatively restricted range of acceptance angles typical of optical fibers and image illumination subsystems. It can replace the conventional ellipsoidal reflector and is superior to it in two ways: (1) its interception efficiency is considerably higher, when used with a back mirror; (2) its aberrations are lower in magnitude, because of the additional degrees of design freedom possible in the three-faced facets of the TIR lens. However, it is more sensitive to lens optical quality, so that theoretically possible results are best achieved with diamond-turning of lenses or molds. Also, TIR lenses are sensitive to errors in source position.
Send-On-Delta Sensor Data Transmission With A Linear Predictor (2007)

This paper is concerned with sensor data transmission strategy. The main focus of the paper is how to reduce the number of sensor data transmission while maintaining the dif- ference between the estimated sensor value and the real sensor value. The proposed method could be used in sensor networks and networked control systems, where number of transmis- sion should be minimal. A linear predictor is used to predict sensor values and sensor data are transmitted if the difference between the predicted sensor value and the real sensor value exceeds the specified limit. An analytic upper bound of the mean rate of messages is pro- vided. Through simulation, it is shown that the number of transmission could be significantly reduced compared with the periodic sampling and the conventional send-on-delta method.
Reducing V3 Antigenicity and Immunogenicity on Soluble, Native-Like HIV-1 Env SOSIP Trimers (2017)

Native-like trimers of the SOSIP design are being developed as immunogens in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development programs. These trimers display the epitopes for multiple broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) but can also expose binding sites for some types of nonneutralizing antibodies (non-NAbs). Among the latter are epitopes in the gp120 V3 region that are highly immunogenic when SOSIP trimers are evaluated in animal models. It is presently uncertain whether antibodies against V3 can interfere with the induction of NAbs, but there are good arguments in favor of suppressing such "off-target" immune responses. Accordingly, we have assessed how to minimize the exposure of V3 non-NAb epitopes and thereby reduce their immunogenicity by introducing <i>N</i>-glycans within the V3 region of BG505 SOSIP trimers. We found that inserting glycans at positions 306 and 314 (termed M1 and M7) markedly reduced V3 antigenicity while improving the presentation of trimer apex bNAb epitopes. Both added glycans were shown to be predominantly of the Man<sub>6</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> form. The additional introduction of the E64K ground-state stabilizing substitution markedly reduced or ablated soluble CD4 (sCD4) induction of non-NAb epitopes in V3 and/or associated with the coreceptor binding site. When a V3 glycan- and E64K-modified trimer variant, BG505 SOSIP.664-E64K.M1M7, was tested in rabbits, V3 immunogenicity was eliminated while the autologous NAb response was unchanged.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Trimeric proteins are being developed for future HIV-1 vaccine trials in humans, with the goal of eliciting broadly active neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that are active against a wide variety of circulating strains. In animal models, the present generation of native-like trimer immunogens, exemplified by the BG505 SOSIP.664 construct, induces narrow-specificity antibodies against the neutralization-resistant (tier-2), sequence-matched virus and more broadly active antibodies against sequence-divergent atypically neutralization-sensitive (tier-1) viruses. A concern in the trimer immunogen design field has been whether the latter off-target antibodies might interfere with the induction of the more desired responses to tier-2 epitopes. Here, we have inserted two glycans into the dominant site for tier-1 NAbs, the gp120 V3 region, to block the induction of off-target antibodies. We characterized the new trimers, tested them as immunogens in rabbits, and found that the blocking glycans eliminated the induction of tier-1 NAbs to V3-epitopes.
Cross-Layer Design for Cooperative Communications and Networking (2007)

Cooperative communications is a new communication paradigm in which different terminals in the wireless network share their antennas and resources for distributed transmission and processing. Recent studies have shown that cooperative communications can yield significant performance improvement due to spatial diversity gains. The theory of cooperative communications is however still immature to fully understand its broader impacts on the design of future wireless networks. This thesis contributes to the advancement of cooperative communications by developing and analyzing cooperation protocols at different network levels, with the goal to provide significant improvements in signal reliability, coverage area, network throughput, and energy efficiency with respect to other existing alternatives. We first propose a family of cooperative protocols for multi-node cooperative communications. We demonstrate that full diversity gains is achieved, which yields a significant improvement in the error performance. Based on the derived symbol-error-rate expressions, we characterize the optimal power allocation strategy among the relays and the source to further improve the performance of the system. We develop distributed relay assignment protocols, and analyze their outage
Calculation of Coverage Parameter (1987)

Programs for calculating the reliability of fault-tolerant systems do not explicitly take into account the effect of faults in the hardware recovery mechanism. This paper shows via an example how to incorporate these failures into the fault-handling (coverage) model of CARE III. A simple fault-tolerant system is described. The required coverage parameters are determined and the reliability is calculated using the models in CARE III.
An Overview of the MAGIC Project (1993)

Abstract : This note provides an overview of the MAGIC project, which is developing a high-speed, wide-area networking testbed that will demonstrate a real-time terrain visualization application using interactive exchange of data at gigabit-per-second rates among multiple distributed servers and clients. Wide-area networking, Testbed, Servers.
Coherence-Based Frequency Subset Selection For Binaural RTF-Vector-Based Direction of Arrival Estimation for Multiple Speakers (2022)

Recently, a method has been proposed to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of a single speaker by minimizing the frequency-averaged Hermitian angle between an estimated relative transfer function (RTF) vector and a database of prototype anechoic RTF vectors. In this paper, we extend this method to multi-speaker localization by introducing the frequency-averaged Hermitian angle spectrum and selecting peaks of this spatial spectrum. To construct the Hermitian angle spectrum, we consider only a subset of frequencies, where it is likely that one speaker is dominant. We compare the effectiveness of the generalized magnitude squared coherence and two coherent-to-diffuse ratio (CDR) estimators as frequency selection criteria. Simulation results for estimating the DOAs of two speakers in a reverberant environment with diffuse-like babble noise using binaural hearing devices show that using the binaural effective-coherence-based CDR estimate as a frequency selection criterion yields the best performance.
Data from A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Novel Locus for Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in European Patients with Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Painful peripheral neuropathy is a frequent toxicity associated with bortezomib therapy. This study aimed to identify loci that affect susceptibility to this toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 370,605 SNPs was performed to identify risk variants for developing severe bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BiPN) in 469 patients with multiple myeloma who received bortezomib–dexamethasone therapy prior to autologous stem cell in randomized clinical trials of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) and findings were replicated in 114 patients with multiple myeloma of the HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 clinical trial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; An SNP in the &lt;i&gt;PKNOX1&lt;/i&gt; gene was associated with BiPN in the exploratory cohort [rs2839629; OR, 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–2.44; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 7.6 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt;] and in the replication cohort (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, = 1.11–3.33; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 8.3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;). In addition, rs2839629 is in strong linkage disequilibrium (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.87) with rs915854, located in the intergenic region between &lt;i&gt;PKNOX1&lt;/i&gt; and cystathionine-ß-synthetase &lt;i&gt;(CBS)&lt;/i&gt;. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping showed that both rs2839629 and rs915854 genotypes have an impact on &lt;i&gt;PKNOX1&lt;/i&gt; expression in nerve tissue, whereas rs2839629 affects &lt;i&gt;CBS&lt;/i&gt; expression in skin and blood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The use of GWAS in multiple myeloma pharmacogenomics has identified a novel candidate genetic locus mapping to &lt;i&gt;PKNOX1&lt;/i&gt; and in the immediate vicinity of &lt;i&gt;CBS&lt;/i&gt; at 21q22.3 associated with the severe bortezomib-induced toxicity. The proximity of these two genes involved in neurologic pain whose tissue-specific expression is modified by the two variants provides new targets for neuroprotective strategies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4350–5. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A linear free energy relationship for inhibitor binding to carboxypeptidase A (1972)

J. W. Bunting and C. D. Myers, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 826 DOI: 10.1039/C39720000826
Ocean Sensor “Imaging” Arrays Based on Bio-inspired Architectures and 2-D/3-D Construction (2015)

Abstract Many common ocean sensor systems measure a localized space above a single sensor element. Single-point measurements give magnitude but not necessarily direction information. Expanding single sensor elements, such as used in salinity sensors, into arrays permits spatial distribution measurements and allows flux visualizations. Furthermore, applying microsystem technology to these macro sensor systems can yield imaging arrays with high-resolution spatial/temporal sensing functions. Extending such high spatial resolution imaging over large areas is a desirable feature for new “vision” modes on autonomous robotic systems and for deployable ocean sensor systems. The work described here explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) technology for new sensing concepts and designs. In order to create rigid-conformal, large area imaging “camera” systems, we have merged flexible PCB substrates with rigid constructions from 3-D printing. This approach merges the 2-D flexible electronics world of printed circuits with the 3-D printed packaging world. Furthermore, employing architectures used by biology as a basis for our imaging systems, we explored naturally and biologically inspired designs, their relationships to visual imagining, and alternate mechanical systems of perception. Through the use of bio-inspiration, a framework is laid out to base further research on design for packaging of ocean sensors and arrays. Using 3-D printed exoskeleton's rigid form with flexible printed circuits, one can create systems that are both rigid and form-fitting with 3-D shape and enable new sensor systems for various ocean sensory applications.
Microchannel avalanche photodetector based on a Si-SiO2 structure (2002)

A new avalanche photodetector is developed and realized on the basis of a Si-SiO2 microchannel structure. The new device is analogous to the well-known vacuum microchannel plates but possesses better technological characteristics. A considerable increase in the photocurrent amplification coefficient is achieved due to decreased fluctuations of the semiconductor breakdown voltage and suppressed local avalanche processes in inhomogeneities of the semiconductor responsible for the microplasma breakdown.
Sclerotherapy with Tetracycline for Hydroceles in Renal Transplant Patients (1992)

A total of 17 patients with hydroceles following renal transplantation underwent sclerotherapy with tetracycline hydrochloride (10 ml. of a 5% solution of tetracycline in 1% lidocaine). A successful outcome was obtained in 15 patients (88%). Post-sclerotherapy hydrocelectomy was necessary in 2 patients (12%). No major complications (testicular loss, scrotal abscess or necrosis) occurred in any patient. Pain at injection was the only adverse effect. Tetracycline sclerotherapy for hydroceles appears to be an effective and safe procedure in the renal transplant population. We recommend this procedure as the initial treatment modality for hydroceles in patients with a renal allograft.
3-D Seismic Coherency and the Imaging of Sedimentological Features (1996)

A coherency time slice at 1250 ms, corresponding to a Pleistocene surface at approximately 4000 ft. below sea level, from the South Marsh Island area of the Gulf of Mexico displays a complex system of channels which in part are similar to the channel system of the present Mississippi Delta. A comparison of Pleistocene channel geometries with the modem delta suggests the presence of a main Mississippi trunk channel and its associated distributary channels. Apparent lateral accretion and point bar development are observed on the coherency slice where a distributary channel crosses a fault. This interpretation is confirmed using seismic and log data. Complex linear zones of relatively low coherency were also observed on the coherency slice. Seismic and log data from these areas suggest these features are reworked deltaic sands overlying a complex system of channels.
Insights into the Phase Diagram of Pluronic L64 Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2022)

We investigate the concentration-dependent phase diagram of pluronic L64 in aqueous media at 300 and 320 K using coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The CG model is derived by adapting the Martini model for nonbonded interactions along with the Boltzmann inversion (BI) of bonded interactions from all-atom (AA) simulations. Our derived CG model successfully captures the experimentally observed micellar-, hexagonal-, lamellar-, and polymer-rich solution phase. The end-to-end distance reveals the conformational change from an open-chain structure in the micellar phase to a folded-chain structure in the lamellar phase, increasing the orientational order. An increase in temperature leads to expulsion of water molecules from the L64 moiety, suggesting an increase in L64 hydrophobicity. Thermodynamic analysis using the two-phase thermodynamics (2PT) method suggests the entropy of the system decreases with increasing L64 concentration and the decrease in free energy (<i>F</i>) with temperature is mainly driven by the entropic factor (-TS). Further, the increase in aggregation number at lower concentrations and self-assembly at very high concentrations is energetically driven, whereas the change from the micellar phase to the lamellar phase with increasing L64 concentration is entropically driven. Our model provides molecular insights into L64 phases which can be further explored to design functionality-based suprastructures for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
Incorporation into lipid nanoparticles extends the duration of activity of treprostinil in an acute hypoxia rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2014)

Introduction : Current inhaled therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), such as Tyvaso®, reduce pulmonary arterial pressure but require frequent dosing and are not well tolerated. Inclusion of treprostinil (TRE) into a sustained-release particle for inhalation may reduce dosing frequency and improve tolerability. Here, we describe lipid nanoparticle formulations delivered by inhalation that extend TRE activity. Methods : Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid coated nanoparticles containing TRE, a cationic lipid, and a lipophilic additive were formed via solvent flash precipitation. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparations were characterized by size, composition, TRE retention, and release kinetics. Activity was assessed in vitro in CHO-K1 cells using a pGlosensor TM assay and in vivo in an acute hypoxia rat model of PAH. Results : Retention of TRE in LNPs was greatest using long-chain cationic lipids. LNPs where the cationic lipid to TRE molar ratio exceeded 2 exhibited higher levels of retention. A gradual increase in cAMP activation of CHO-K1 cells suggested a delayed-release profile. In the hypoxic rat model, the pulmonary vasodilatory activity of inhaled TRE-containing LNPs was extended beyond that of inhaled TRE in solution. To further improve retention, a derivatized TRE prodrug ester made by addition of alkyl chains is proposed. Conclusion: Entrapment of TRE in nanoparticles coated with a PEG-lipid extends the therapeutic activity of inhaled drug relative to that observed when treprostinil is administered in solution. Inhalation delivery of such formulations may reduce dosing frequency and improve tolerability.
Video Description from Structure-based design of an urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor–derived peptide inhibiting cell migration and lung metastasis (2023)

Video Description from Structure-based design of an urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor–derived peptide inhibiting cell migration and lung metastasis
Pro-nociceptive migraine mediator CGRP provides neuroprotection of sensory, cortical and cerebellar neurons via multi-kinase signaling (2016)

Background Blocking the pro-nociceptive action of CGRP is one of the most promising approaches for migraine prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to explore a role for CGRP as a neuroprotective agent for central and peripheral neurons. Methods The viability of isolated rat trigeminal, cortical and cerebellar neurons was tested by fluorescence vital assay. Engagement of Nrf2 target genes was analyzed by qPCR. The neuroprotective efficacy of CGRP in vivo was tested in mice using a permanent cerebral ischemia model. Results CGRP prevented apoptosis induced by the amino acid homocysteine in all three distinct neuronal populations. Using a set of specific kinase inhibitors, we show the role of multi-kinase signaling pathways involving PKA and CaMKII in neuronal survival. Forskolin triggered a very similar signaling cascade, suggesting that cAMP is the main upstream trigger for multi-kinase neuroprotection. The specific CGRP antagonist BIBN4096 reduced cellular viability, lending further support to the proposed neuroprotective function of CGRP. Importantly, CGRP was neuroprotective against permanent ischemia in mice. Conclusion Our data show an unexpected 'positive' role for the endogenous pro-nociceptive migraine mediator CGRP, suggesting more careful examination of migraine prophylaxis strategy based on CGRP antagonism although it should be noted that homocysteine induced apoptosis in primary neuronal cell culture might not necessarily reproduce all the features of cell loss in the living organism.
Many-qubit protection-operation dilemma from the perspective of many-body localization (2022)

What is an optimal parameter landscape and geometric layout for a quantum processor so that its qubits are sufficiently protected for idling and simultaneously responsive enough for fast entangling gates? Quantum engineers pondering the dilemma might want to take a look on tools developed for many-body localization.
Non Data Aided Timing Recovery Algorithm for Digital Underwater Communications (2007)

Synchronization is a critical operation in an underwater acoustic data communication receiver. This paper proposes a comparison of two digital NDA (non data aided) timing recovery schemes, referenced in literature as the Gardner, and the Oerder and Meyr algorithms. We consider the context of a single QPSK carrier continuous transmission, where a timing shift has to be estimated continuously in order to track the optimum sample time. Simulations processed on real data taken from sea trials, collected by the GESMA in collaboration with SERCEL and ENST Bretagne, reveal that a large Doppler shift or a large jitter on the timing shift estimation can introduce cycle slips in the clock synchronizer, which generate a large burst of errors in the data receiver. These perturbations can dramatically affect the global performance of the transmission system.