gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2012)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was in part recognized because of the unusual occurrence of aggressive B cell lymphomas and opportunistic infections in the same patients. Because the lymphomas typically presented in advanced stage, some of the earliest attempts at treatment were very aggressive. It soon emerged that the complications of chemotherapy that might be anticipated in the general population were much more likely to occur in patients with AIDS and lymphoma. Standard lymphoma regimens were replaced by reduced-dose lymphoma regimens and high-dose strategies involving stem cell rescue were deemed inappropriate.
Hiccups, Toxoplasmosis, and AIDS (1994)

Journal Article Hiccups, Toxoplasmosis, and AIDS Get access Jon S. Friedland Jon S. Friedland Division of Communicable Diseases, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, England Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Jon S. Friedland, Division of Communicable Diseases, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 18, Issue 5, May 1994, Page 835, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/18.5.835 Published: 01 May 1994
The level of cadherin‐6 mRNA in peripheral blood is associated with the site of metastasis and with the subsequent occurrence of metastases in renal cell carcinoma (2004)

The quantification of cadherin-6 mRNA in peripheral blood may be a significant predictive marker for current and future metastases. However, subsequent metastases did not always correlate with levels of cadherin-6 mRNA. This may have been due either to the small numbers of circulating tumor cells or to the low levels cadherin-6 mRNA in circulating tumor cells.
Plant cell wall degrading enzymes, pectinase and cellulase, in the digestive system of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2014)

In digestion, the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, has been adapted to overcome the plant cell wall barrier, specially lignocellulosic and pectic compounds, by producing cellulase and pectinase enzymes. Partial biochemical characterisations of cellulase and pectinase were determined in the larval digestive system of the pest. Larval midgut extract showed an optimum activity for cellulase and pectinase against carboxyl methyl cellulose and pectin at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Larval midgut cellulase and pectinase were more stable at pH 4.0-8.0 and pH 6.0-8.0 than in highly acidic and alkaline condition, respectively. However, cellulase and pectinase showed to be more stable at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively, when the incubation time increased. Maximum activity for cellulase and pectinase incubated at different temperatures was observed at 50Â°C. Cellulase and pectinase activity significantly decreased in the presence of EDTA and SDS. On the contrary, Ca2+, Mg2+,and Na+ significantly affect pectinase activity and K+ did not affect the enzyme activities. Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased cellulase activity as well. KM and Vmax for pectinase activity were 0.92 mg/ml and 290 units/mg. Zymogram analyses revealed the presence of one form of pectin methyl esterase and one form of cellulase in the larval digestive system.
Boosting Multilabel Semantic Segmentation for Somata and Vessels in Mouse Brain (2021)

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are widely utilized for the semantic segmentation of dense nerve tissues from light and electron microscopy (EM) image data; the goal of this technique is to achieve efficient and accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of the vasculature and neural networks in the brain. The success of these tasks heavily depends on the amount, and especially the quality, of the human-annotated labels fed into DCNNs. However, it is often difficult to acquire the gold standard of human-annotated labels for dense nerve tissues; human annotations inevitably contain discrepancies or even errors, which substantially impact the performance of DCNNs. Thus, a novel boosting framework consisting of a DCNN for multilabel semantic segmentation with a customized Dice-logarithmic loss function, a fusion module combining the annotated labels and the corresponding predictions from the DCNN, and a boosting algorithm to sequentially update the sample weights during network training iterations was proposed to systematically improve the quality of the annotated labels; this framework eventually resulted in improved segmentation task performance. The microoptical sectioning tomography (MOST) dataset was then employed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The result indicated that the framework, even trained with a dataset including some poor-quality human-annotated labels, achieved state-of-the-art performance in the segmentation of somata and vessels in the mouse brain. Thus, the proposed technique of artificial intelligence could advance neuroscience research.
The benefits of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate as a workout ingredient (2015)

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI; Nitrosigine) as a workout ingredient in healthy adults. ASI has been previously shown to significantly enhance blood levels of arginine up to six hours post-dose and increase nitric oxide levels. To investigate reports of enhanced energy, increased muscle pump and stamina during workouts, and faster muscle recovery post-workout, ASI (1,500mg/ day) was tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover-design (DBPC-X) study using the POMS vigor-activity and fatigue-inertia sub-scores, blood flow measurements, leg circumference measurements, and biomarkers of muscle recovery (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) as outcome measures.
Giant strain response in ionic nanoporous graphene actuator with hierarchical structures (2015)

The fabrication and strain responses of nanoporous graphene actuators with hierarchical structures are reported. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) patterning on a porous substrate and vacuum filtration were used to successfully pattern the hierarchical nanoporous graphene structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images depict successful hierarchical structuring with quick ion transport channels in the electrodes of the actuator. Profilometer measurements show uniform graphene thickness throughout the electrodes. The measured strain response shows much improvement over nanoporous graphene actuators reported earlier which do not have fast transport ion channels. The high strain response is a direct result of improved ion transport through the hierarchical nanoporous graphene channels.
A Fleeting Detection of Gravitational Waves (2005)

Reports of the discovery of spacetime ripples known as gravitational waves in 1969 and 1970 proved erroneous but inspired efforts that continue today.
Radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults due to pneumococcal vaccine serotypes in Sweden, 2016–2018—The ECAPS study (2023)

Compared to earlier pneumococcal vaccines, PCV20 expands the coverage of all-cause CAP. Routine diagnostic tests underestimate the proportion of CAP caused by Spn.
Conventional Autopsy versus Minimally Invasive Autopsy with Postmortem MRI, CT, and CT-guided Biopsy: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance (2018)

Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of minimally invasive autopsy with that of conventional autopsy. Materials and Methods For this prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study in an academic hospital, 295 of 2197 adult cadavers (mean age: 65 years [range, 18-99 years]; age range of male cadavers: 18-99 years; age range of female cadavers: 18-98 years) who died from 2012 through 2014 underwent conventional autopsy. Family consent for minimally invasive autopsy was obtained for 139 of the 295 cadavers; 99 of those 139 cadavers were included in this study. Those involved in minimally invasive autopsy and conventional autopsy were blinded to each other's findings. The minimally invasive autopsy procedure combined postmortem MRI, CT, and CT-guided biopsy of main organs and pathologic lesions. The primary outcome measure was performance of minimally invasive autopsy and conventional autopsy in establishing immediate cause of death, as compared with consensus cause of death. The secondary outcome measures were diagnostic yield of minimally invasive autopsy and conventional autopsy for all, major, and grouped major diagnoses; frequency of clinically unsuspected findings; and percentage of answered clinical questions. Results Cause of death determined with minimally invasive autopsy and conventional autopsy agreed in 91 of the 99 cadavers (92%). Agreement with consensus cause of death occurred in 96 of 99 cadavers (97%) with minimally invasive autopsy and in 94 of 99 cadavers (95%) with conventional autopsy (P = .73). All 288 grouped major diagnoses were related to consensus cause of death. Minimally invasive autopsy enabled diagnosis of 259 of them (90%) and conventional autopsy 224 (78%); 200 (69%) were found with both methods. At clinical examination, the cause of death was not suspected in 17 of the 99 cadavers (17%), and 124 of 288 grouped major diagnoses (43%) were not established. There were 219 additional clinical questions; 189 (86%) were answered with minimally invasive autopsy and 182 (83%) were answered with conventional autopsy (P = .35). Conclusion The performance of minimally invasive autopsy in the detection of cause of death was similar to that of conventional autopsy; however, minimally invasive autopsy has a higher yield of diagnoses. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Krombach in this issue.
Multipitch Estimation Using Block Sparse Bayesian Learning and Intra-Block Clustering (2018)

Pitch estimation is an important task in speech and audio analysis. In this paper, we present a multi-pitch estimation algorithm based on block sparse Bayesian learning and intra-block clustering for speech analysis. A statistical hierarchical model is formulated based on a pitch dictionary with a fixed maximum number of harmonics for all the candidate pitches. Block sparse Bayesian learning is proposed for estimating the complex amplitudes. To deal with the problem of unknown harmonic orders and subharmonic errors, intra-block clustering structured sparsity prior is also introduced. The statistical update formulas are obtained by the variational Bayesian inference. Compared with the conventional group LASSO-type algorithms for multi-pitch estimation, experimental results indicate robustness against noise and improved estimation accuracy of the proposed method.
SVILUPPO DI UN PROCESSO A BASSO COSTO PER REALIZZARE MATERIALI COMPOSITI A MATRICE DI TITANIO MEDIANTE “ROLL DIFFUSION BONDING”. (2013)

rappresentano ad oggi la famiglia di materiali a piu elevata resistenza specifica nel campo di temperature fino a 800°C. La maggiore riserva per una introduzione incisiva nelle applicazioni industriali e ancora il costo di questi materiali. Costo che e rappresentato dalla somma dei costi dei materiali costituenti e del processo di fabbricazione. Per quanto una diminuzione dei costi dei materiali costituenti sia sicuramente possibile per effetto dell’aumento dei volumi prodotti, le maggiori riserve sono concentrate sul processo di fabbricazione. Il processo standard consiste nella preparazione di lotti di precursori che vengono comunemente consolidati per compattazione isostatica a caldo, [2-7]. In questo filone il CSM ha investito risorse per ottenere una soluzione innovativa che ha permesso il contenimento della voce “costo di fabbricazione” rispetto alla linea di Compattazione Isostatica a Caldo (HIP) con un risparmio finale che ha raggiunto il 40% .
Supplementary Figure Legend from Activation of the <i>NOTCH</i> Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

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Scattering in Subluminal and Superluminal Space-Time Crystals (2018)

In this paper, we develop the tools to calculate the scattering of electromagnetic waves from periodic structures having uniform velocities, which we name space-time (ST) crystals. We first extend the conventional transfer matrix method to ST layered structures. Using this method, we find the closed-form dispersion relation and plot the dispersion diagram of unbounded ST crystals and calculate the transmission and reflection of a bounded structure. Subluminal and superluminal modulation velocities are studied. Crystals with subluminal modulation velocity attenuate certain frequency bands, while those with superluminal modulation velocity amplify certain frequency bands.
Study on Wireless Power Transfer for an Endoscopic Surgical Device (2017)

軟性内視鏡エネルギ機器に無線で電力を伝送する方法について検討を行った。送受電部は，体内へ挿入可能であるように，細管状で湾曲可能であって，温度上昇を避けるためにシステムは高効率である必要がある。本検討では，その方法として，直径3 mmほどのステンレス製モノコイルを用いた電界結合方式であれば，これらの条件を満たし得ることをシミュレーションおよび実験により示した。その結果，考え得る最大負荷である大湾曲時においても94%の電力伝送効率を確認した。さらにこの系は，電力100 Wの伝送時，機器の出し入れに相当する動作時，および送受電電極への人体の近接時にも，安定していた。
<i>In Situ</i> Gas Supply System on the Powder Diffraction Beamline I11 at Diamond Light Source (2012)

Beamline I11 at Diamond began accepting users for high resolution powder diffraction experiments in Oct 2008. We present the design, key specifications, performance and the hardware of this new beamline which receives an intense and highly collimated x-ray beam generated by an in-vacuum undulator. With the simple optics (a double-crystal monochromator, harmonic rejection mirrors and slits), a high purity beam of low energy-bandpass X-rays optimised at 15 keV is delivered at the sample. The heavy duty diffraction instrument is designed to have the flexibility to house a variety of sample environments and holds two detection systems to collect high quality diffraction data, i.e. multi-analysing crystals (MAC) for high angular resolution experiments and a fast position sensitive detector (PSD) for time-resolved studies. A recent addition to the beamline capabilities is the installation of a specifically designed gas control system. This allows the in-situ dosing of a powder sample with gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide, at low (~10 mbar) and high pressures (&lt;100 bar). In addition a low pressure capillary sample cell is described which is now available to users of the beamline.
High expression of leptin by human bone marrow adipocytes in primary culture (1998)

Adipocytes participate in the microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM), but their exact role remains to be determined. It has recently been shown that leptin, a hormone secreted from extramedullary adipocytes, could be involved in hematopoiesis. Therefore we have developed a primary culture system of human BM adipocytes to characterize their differentiation and determine whether leptin is also secreted from these adipocytes. BM cells were cultured with fetal calf and horse sera. In the presence of dexamethasone, cells with vesicles containing lipids appeared within 15 days. They expressed glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity and a lipolytic activity in response to isoproterenol, but expressed neither the adrenergic beta3 receptor nor the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1. The addition of insulin alone to the culture media did not promote adipocyte differentiation. Leptin was expressed and secreted at high levels during adipocyte differentiation. Acute exposure of differentiated adipocytes to insulin had little effect on leptin expression whereas forskolin strongly inhibited it. These results show that although human BM adipocytes differ from extramedullary adipose tissues in their sensitivity to different effectors, they are a secondary source of leptin production. They suggest that BM adipocytes could contribute to hematopoiesis via the secretion of leptin in the vicinity of hematopoietic stem cells.
Photoactivational Cytokine‐modulatory Action of 8‐Methoxypsoralen plus Ultraviolet A in Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma Cells (2001)

Treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet A light (UVA) has been reported to modulate cytokine production in various cells. Our study was conducted to see the effects of 8-MOP/UVA on the expression/production of cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in relation to the therapeutic mechanisms of extracorporeal photochemotherapy. 8-MOP/UVA augmented the expression of mRNAs for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-2 and reduced those for IL-4 and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal subjects and Sézary syndrome patients. This enhancement of Th1 cytokines was caused by increment of cytokine production by Th1 cells but not by conversion of Th2 cells to produce Th1 cytokines. The number of IFN-gamma-secreting lymphocytes was markedly increased in 8-MOP/UVA-treated PBMCs 20 h after treatment, and its amount was elevated in culture supernatants. However, this enhanced production of IFN-gamma was found only until three days after 8-MOP phototreatment, and its level was rapidly declined by five days after treatment. In addition to this Th1-polarized action, 8-MOP/UVA-treated PBMCs produced enhanced amounts of IL-8 upon stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Phototreated CD4+ but not CD8+ cells provided excellent T cell help for monocytes to produce IL-8 via a direct cell-to-cell contact mechanism. These findings suggest that 8-MOP/UVA has a transient but biologically active Th1-skewing action in T cells, and the phototreated T cells simultaneously stimulate monocytes to produce IL-8. It is suggested that 8-MOP/UVA exerts a beneficial therapeutic effect on malignant Th2 neoplasms as a Th1-skewing cytokine modifier and that 8-MOP-phototreated CD4+ T cells allow monocytes to become effective tumor antigen-presenting cells for tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells.
Bent Optical Waveguide With Lossy Jacket (1974)

The influence of a lossy jacket on the curvature losses of a bent optical waveguide is studied for the special case of the TE modes of a slab waveguide. This paper presents an approximate theory of curvature losses of the TE modes of dielectric slabs that can be used to obtain numerical answers with the help of a computer. We conclude that the presence of a jacket can increase the curvature losses very substantially. A jacket whose refractive index is larger than that of the waveguide cladding is most effective in increasing cladding losses. It is advisable to keep a jacket at a safe distance from the waveguide core.
Mesomorphic Sugar‐Coated Polydiacetylene Polymers (2020)

Abstract The derivatization of a polydiacetylene (PDA) polymer with free hydroxyl groups containing sugars leads to amphiphilicity of the polymer and the emergence of thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior, in addition to the thermochromatic properties. The diacetylene monomers, incorporated with mono‐ and disaccharides, exhibit mono‐ and/or enantiotropic phase behavior in a wide temperature range. Structural characterization and modeling studies reveal a lamellar arrangement and interdigitization of the molecules in the mesophase. The importance of the amphiphilicity as a source to induce mesomorphic behavior in PDA polymers is emphasized.
Supply Chain Management and Logistics 4.0 - A Study on Arrowhead Framework Integration (2019)

The purpose of this research is twofold. First, to identify the impacts of the Industry 4.0 changes on Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics. Second, to provide principal ideas on how to support these domains from the aspect of the Arrowhead Framework. The new industrial revolution brings many technological innovations, and the production-supporting management areas should be changed accordingly. Regarding the Industry 4.0 terminology, this paper reviews the main changes of Industry 4.0 and the current issues, then introduces new perspectives of SCM and Logistics. It also presents a solution to support the updated terminology through the Arrowhead Framework, which is already proposed for various use-cases throughout the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) domain. The operation of the suggested architectural solution is illustrated through an example of a paper making production process.
ChemInform Abstract: MANNICH CONDENSATION REACTIONS WITH β‐KETOSULFOXIDES (1979)

Abstract Während die aus Methylsulfinylacetophenon (Ia), Formaldehyd und sekundärem Amin gebildete Mannich‐Base (IIa) schon bei Raumtemperatur zur Methylenverbmdung (III) zerfällt, sind die aus Methylsulfinylpropiophenon (Ib) erhaltenen Basen (IIb) wesentlich stabiler.
Estimation of the Yield Stress of Stainless Steel from the Vickers Hardness Taking Account of the Residual Stress (2013)

In this paper, a method that uses the Vickers hardness to estimate the yield stress of a metallic material with taking account of residual stress is proposed. Although the yield stress of bulk metal can be evaluated by a tensile test, it cannot be applied to local yield stress varied by surface modification methods, such as the peening technique which introduces high compressive residual stress at the surface. Therefore, to evaluate the local yield stress employing a relatively easy way, the Vickers hardness test was conducted in this paper. Since the Vickers hardness depends on both the residual stress and the yield stress, the relationship between the residual stress and the Vickers hardness was experimentally examined. It was concluded that the yield stress of the surface treated by several peening techniques can be estimated from the Vickers hardness once this has been corrected for residual stress.
Deep Learning for Recognizing Mobile Targets in Satellite Imagery (2020)

There is an increasing demand for software that automatically detects and classifies mobile targets such as airplanes, cars, and ships in satellite imagery. Applications of such automated target recognition (ATR) software include economic forecasting, traffic planning, maritime law enforcement, and disaster response. This paper describes the extension of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification to a sliding window algorithm for detection. It is evaluated on mobile targets of the xView dataset, on which it achieves detection and classification accuracies higher than 95%.
Siamese Neural Encoders for Long-Term Indoor Localization with Mobile Devices (2021)

Fingerprinting-based indoor localization is an emerging application domain for enhanced positioning and tracking of people and assets within indoor locales. The superior pairing of ubiquitously available WiFi signals with computationally capable smartphones is set to revolutionize the area of indoor localization. However, the observed signal characteristics from independently maintained WiFi access points vary greatly over time. Moreover, some of the WiFi access points visible at the initial deployment phase may be replaced or removed over time. These factors are often ignored in indoor localization frameworks and cause gradual and catastrophic degradation of localization accuracy post-deployment (over weeks and months). To overcome these challenges, we propose a Siamese neural encoder-based framework that offers up to 40% reduction in degradation of localization accuracy over time compared to the state-of-the-art in the area, without requiring any retraining.