gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All improved semiconductor optical amplifier for ultrafast all-optical signal processing (2002)

The use of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as optical nonlinear elements has had a profound effect on the field of all-optical signal processing for telecommunications applications. The invention of the TOAD (terahertz all-optical asymmetric demultiplexer), and the subsequent discovery that switching rates much faster than the natural recovery rate of the SOA are possible, has allowed all-optical demultiplexing at high switching rates (>1OGHz). In the paper we use a SOA which has been designed to have a larger band-gap than usual, having a gain peak at /spl sim/1500 nm. This improves the both the contrast ratio and the amplitude modulation associated with TOAD arrangement.
Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation (2015)

The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition.
A STATISTICAL SURVEY OF DENTAL TREATMENT IN DISABLED PATIENTS (2007)

Many disabled patients need extensive dental treatment because they have much difficulty in maintaining their oral hygiene. However, because they are not cooperative and not manageable, they require physical restraints, drug induced sedation or general anesthesia. General anesthesia is useful in control of the patients who cannot be treated in other ways. Additionally, general anesthesia provides more safe environment for medically compromised patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate a kind of disorder, sources of referral, preoperative oral condition, experience of dental visit, and performing general anesthesia or not of 930 disabled patients in Kyung-Hee University dental hospital for 30 years.
Real-time video quality monitoring for mobile devices (2010)

Due to the explosion of various video applications and services it is becoming increasingly important to accurately measure video quality in real-time. Since reference information is absent in many practical situations, video quality assessment with No-Reference (NR) measures is attracting increasing attention from both industry and academia. However, there are very few commercial quality assessment systems for mobile devices available in today's market. After describing a set of applications, we briefly survey the state-of-the-art in NR video quality assessment. Finally, we present a real-time quality monitoring system for video transmitted to mobile devices and describe a proof-of-concept implementation. In this system, the quality of video at different nodes and terminals in a transmission channel can be monitored and tracked through a remote software interface. These video quality measurements can also provide valuable information for network diagnosis and quality-scalable service planning.
Lead Chalcogenides: Physics and Applications (2002)

Lead Chalcogenides: Basic Physical Features, Y. Ravich * Phase Diagrams and Growth of Bulk Lead Chalcogenide Crystals, V. Zlomanov and L. Yashina * Molecular Beam Epitaxy of IV-VI Heterostructures and Superlattices,G. Springholz * Optical Properties and Low Dimensional Systems of IV-VI Semiconductors, H. Pascher and G. Bauer * Lead Telluride n-I-p-I Structures: An Electronic System in the Intermediate Regime Between Two and Three Dimensions, J. Oswald * Semimagnetic Semiconductors Based on Lead Chalcogenides, T. Story * Doped Lead Chalcogenides, L. Ryabova and B. Akimov * Band Structure and Impurity States in the Lead Chalcogenides, B. Volkov * Laser Application of IV-VI Semiconductors, A. Ishida and H. Fujiyasu * The Application of Lead Chalcogenides in Thermoelectric Devices, Z. Dashevsky * Lead Chalcogenide Infrared Detectors Grown on Silicon Substrates, H. Zogg * Infrared Photodetectors Based on Doped Lead Tellurides, D. Khokhlov
Relation between the retinoid system and carotid intima media thickness (2010)

Introduction: Retinol, which was associated with various risk factors for atherosclerosis, circulates in a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR). The relation between retinol, RBP4, TTR and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was not yet analysed.
Optimised hyperbolic microchannels for the mechanical characterisation of bio-particles (2020)

The transport of bio-particles in viscous flows exhibits a rich variety of dynamical behaviour, such as morphological transitions, complex orientation dynamics or deformations. Characterising such complex behaviour under well controlled flows is key to understanding the microscopic mechanical properties of biological particles as well as the rheological properties of their suspensions. While generating regions of simple shear flow in microfluidic devices is relatively straightforward, generating straining flows in which the strain rate is maintained constant for a sufficiently long time to observe the objects' morphologic evolution is far from trivial. In this work, we propose an innovative approach based on optimised design of microfluidic converging-diverging channels coupled with a microscope-based tracking method to characterise the dynamic behaviour of individual bio-particles under homogeneous straining flow. The tracking algorithm, combining a motorised stage and a microscopy imaging system controlled by external signals, allows us to follow individual bio-particles transported over long-distances with high-quality images. We demonstrate experimentally the ability of the numerically optimised microchannels to provide linear velocity streamwise gradients along the centreline of the device, allowing for extended consecutive regions of homogeneous elongation and compression. We selected three test cases (DNA, actin filaments and protein aggregates) to highlight the ability of our approach for investigating dynamics of objects with a wide range of sizes, characteristics and behaviours of relevance in the biological world.
Prognostic Implication of Predominant Histologic Subtypes of Lymph Node Metastases in Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma (2014)

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) proposed a new classification for lung adenocarcinoma (AD) based on predominant histologic subtypes, such as lepidic, papillary, acinar, solid, and micropapillary; this system reportedly reflects well outcomes of patients with surgically resected lung AD. However, the prognostic implication of predominant histologic subtypes in lymph nodes metastases is unclear so far. In this study, we compared predominant subtypes between primary lung tumors and lymph node metastatic lesions in 24 patients with surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastases. Additionally, we analyzed prognostic implications of these predominant histologic subtypes. We observed several discordance patterns between predominant subtypes in primary lung tumors and lymph node metastases. Concordance rates were 22%, 64%, and 100%, respectively, in papillary-, acinar-, and solid-predominant primary lung tumors. We observed that the predominant subtype in the primary lung tumor (HR 12.7, P = 0.037), but not that in lymph node metastases (HR 0.18, P = 0.13), determines outcomes in patients with surgically resected lung AD with lymph node metastases.
Long-Term Silicone Central Venous Catheters Impregnated With Minocycline and Rifampin Decrease Rates of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial (2004)

Long-term nontunneled central venous catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin are efficacious and safe in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections in cancer patients.
Calcul robuste d'enveloppe de solides en mouvement : application à la simulation de l'enlèvement de matière en usinage (2010)

De nos jours, la simulation de l’usinage d’une piece par une machine a commande numerique est une composante essentielle a la fabrication assistee par ordinateur. Elle assure que la piece usinee respecte les specifications imposee et qu’aucune collision entre les elements de la machine n’a lieu. En raison de son importance industrielle, de nombreux travaux sur ce sujet ont ete menes, depuis l’evaluation exacte du volume balaye par l’outil a l’aide d’equations differentielles jusqu’aux approches volumiques employant des octrees ou des voxels. Nous proposons de modeliser les solides polye��driques au moyen d’objets mathematiques appeles chaines polyedriques. Ces objets, etudies en theorie de la mesure geometrique, nous permettent de proposer un cadre theorique unifie pour le calcul de volumes balayes et de sommes de Minkowski. Pour cela, nous introduisons une notion analogue a celle des points critiques pour les fonctions multivaluees definies sur des operandes polyedriques. Afin de retirer les volumes balayes par l’outil a la matiere initiale, nous exposons dans ensuite nos travaux sur un operateur booleen capable de prendre en compte des solides modelises suivant le paradigme des chaines polyedriques. Les predicats sur lesquels repose la construction de la combinatoire s’appuient sur une arithmetique multiprecision qui assure a l’operateur performance et robustesse. Nous presentons enfin un nouvel algorithme fiable de simulation d’usinage s’appuyant sur nos travaux autour du calcul des volumes balayes et des operations booleennes, et differentes optimisations qui nous ont permis de rendre l’implementation de cet algorithme fonctionnelle dans un contexte industriel.
Molecular Variants of the Precore, Core, and Core Promoter Regions of Hepatitis B Virus, and Their Clinical Significance (2013)

HBV is highly evolved. It has a small and compact genome that makes very efficient use of its nucleotide sequence. Many regions are highly conserved, even between different hepadnaviruses. Yet the potential for significant change is also present. The precore or core gene and basal core promoter (BCP) variants, which reduce or abrogate HBeAg production, usually appear at the beginning of the seroconversion phase from HBeAg to anti-HBe. The gradual removal of the tolerogenic effect of HBeAg leads to the "awakening" of the immune response. Precore and basal core promoter variants have been associated with fulminant hepatitis, but host factors are also implicated. Resolution of the mechanisms by which these variants are selected, their effects on HBV replication, and their pathogenicity has been hampered by the absence of a reliable and robust cell culture system, and the use of viral strains with additional sequence changes in many studies.
Duplicated KOX zinc finger gene clusters flank the centromere of human chromosome 10: evidence for a pericentric inversion during primate evolution (1993)

Two related zinc finger (ZNF) gene clusters from the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 10, defined by cDNAs of the KOX series, have been cloned in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). The two clusters evolved by duplication of an ancestral gene cluster before the divergence of the human and great ape lineages. Included in cluster A are the ZNF gene sequences ZNF11A, ZNF33A, and ZNF37A, while cluster B comprises the related sequences ZNF11B, ZNF33B and ZNF37B. Genes from both clusters are expressed: cDNAs KOX2, KOX31 and KOX21 derive from ZNF11B, ZNF33A and ZNF37A, respectively. Further YACs have been isolated which link ZNF11A and ZNF33A to another gene, ZNF25, defined by cDNA clone KOX19. Therefore ZNF25 also forms part of cluster A, but has no counterpart in cluster B. Surprisingly, the KOX ZNF gene clusters are located on opposite sides of the centromere: cluster A maps to 10p11.2, while cluster B is in 10q11.2. This suggests the occurrence during primate evolution of a previously undescribed pericentric inversion subsequent to the cluster duplication. The evolution of this subset of KOX ZNF genes has therefore involved three types of genetic event: local gene duplication, gene cluster duplication, and chromosome rearrangement.
Rogowski Coil: Exceptional Current Measurement Tool For Almost Any Application (2007)

This paper provides the basic concept and the applications of Rogowski coils in today's transforming electrical industry. This type of current transformer belongs to the family of Non conventional Current Transformer (NCIT). We will recall the basic concepts, the calculations and the real benefits of the Rogowski coil compared to a conventional current transformer, and how the design was improved by the various implementation that were made in the 1990's and early 2000's. We will emphases the inherent advantages of Rogowski coils such as noise reduction and extended measuring ranges resulting from digital integration. Industrial applications are discussed within the gas insulated substations (GIS). This is the GIS that is industrially manufactured today. A brief description of the electronic supplied to the NCIT is described. The new laboratories applications is presented for the measurement of pre-arc and post-arc current after interruption of short circuit current in circuit breakers.
Motion control of a spherical mobile robot by feedback linearization (2008)

BYQ-III is a spherical mobile robot. This paper deals with the problem of its simple motion control in a fixed motion mode. The robot BYQ-III is designed to be partially self-contained. A simplified dynamic model of the rotation motion in the median sagital plane is derived under some assumptions. A full-state linear feedback controller for the dynamic model and a PI controller are designed to implement the motion control in the median coronal plane and the sagital plane respectively. The model and the controllers were validated through a set of experiments. Experimental trajectories for a circle of the robot on the plane were found to agree to a reasonable accuracy. The overall design, actuator mechanism, control system, and initial results are presented in this paper.
Murine melanoma-specific tumor rejection activity elicited by a purified, melanoma-associated antigen. (1986)

B700 is a melanoma-specific glycoprotein antigen, with a m.w. of 65,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.5; this antigen has been shown to bear significant sequence homology to a normally occurring protein, serum albumin. The production of B700 is apparently restricted to all the murine melanomas tested, since a variety of other transformed and untransformed cell lines do not contain detectable levels of this antigen. The capacity of B700 to function as a tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) is demonstrated in this study. This activity has been titrated, and it is shown that mice immunized with B700 are able to significantly inhibit the growth of B16 F10 melanomas after subcutaneous challenge; immunized mice can also inhibit the establishment and growth of experimental metastases in the lungs after i.v. challenge with B16 melanoma cells. The TSTA was found to cross-protect also against challenge with two other murine melanoma lines, JB/RH and K1735, but was specific in that the growth of two nonmelanoma lines (RBL-5 leukemia and MCA-105 sarcoma) was not affected. B700 is also shown in this study to be unrelated to other known murine tumor antigens, or to murine leukemia virus antigens. It is further shown that mice immunized with B700 produced antibodies specific to B700 that were not cross-reactive with albumins from various mammalian sources.
Passenger-based predictive modeling of airline no-show rates (2003)

Airlines routinely overbook flights based on the expectation that some fraction of booked passengers will not show for each flight. Accurate forecasts of the expected number of no-shows for each flight can increase airline revenue by reducing the number of spoiled seats (empty seats that might otherwise have been sold) and the number of involuntary denied boardings at the departure gate. Conventional no-show forecasting methods typically average the no-show rates of historically similar flights, without the use of passenger-specific information.We develop two classes of models to predict cabin-level no-show rates using specific information on the individual passengers booked on each flight. The first of these models computes the no-show probability for each passenger, using both the cabin-level historical forecast and the extracted passenger features as explanatory variables. This passenger-level model is implemented using three different predictive methods: a C4.5 decision-tree, a segmented Naive Bayes algorithm, and a new aggregation method for an ensemble of probabilistic models. The second cabin-level model is formulated using the desired cabin-level no-show rate as the response variable. Inputs to this model include the predicted cabin-level no-show rates derived from the various passenger-level models, as well as simple statistics of the features of the cabin passenger population. The cabin-level model is implemented using either linear regression, or as a direct probability model with explicit incorporation of the cabin-level no-show rates derived from the passenger-level model outputs.The new passenger-based models are compared to a conventional historical model, using train and evaluation data sets taken from over 1 million passenger name records. Standard metrics such as lift curves and mean-square cabin-level errors establish the improved accuracy of the passenger-based models over the historical model. All models are also evaluated using a simple revenue model, and it is shown that the cabin-level passenger-based model can produce between 0.4% and 3.2% revenue gain over the conventional model, depending on the revenue-model parameters.
13.16 Tbit/s Free-space Optical Transmission over 10.45 km for Geostationary Satellite Feeder-links (2020)

We report a 13.16 Tbit/s 54-channel DWDM free-space optical data transmission field trial emulating the worst-case scenario for optical GEO satellite uplinks through the atmosphere, and show the system performance under turbulent conditions.
Direct Comparison of Radiolabeled Probes FMAU, FHBG, and FHPG as PET Imaging Agents for HSV1-tk Expression in a Human Breast Cancer Model (2004)

2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoro-5-methyl-1-β-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU), 9-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-methyl-butyl)guanine (FHBG) and 9-[(3-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]-guanine (FHPG) have been evaluated in a human breast cancer model as potential radiotracers for PET imaging of HSV1-tk gene expression. In vitro accumulation of [ 14 C]FMAU, [ 18 F]FHBG, and [ 18 F]FHPG in HSV1-tk-expressing cells was 14- to 16-fold ( p &lt; .001), 9- to 13-fold ( p &lt; .001), and 2- to 3-fold ( p &lt; .05) higher than tk-negative control cells, respectively, between 30 and 240 min. Accumulation of FMAU and FHBG in vector-transduced cells was 10- to 14-fold and 6- to 10-fold higher than wild-type cells, respectively. At 2 hr, uptake of [ 14 C]FMAU in tk-positive cells was 6.3-fold and 60-fold higher than [ 18 F]FHBG and [ 18 F]FHPG, respectively. In vivo, tumor uptake of [ 14 C]FMAU in HSV1-tk-expressing cells was 3.7-fold and 5.5-fold ( p &lt; .001) higher than tk-negative control cells at 1 and 2 hr, respectively. Tumor uptake of [ 18 F]FHBG was 4.2-fold and 12.6-fold higher ( p &lt; .001) than tk-negative cells at the same time points. Incorporation of [ 14 C]FMAU in tk-positive tumor was 18-fold and 24-fold higher ( p &lt; .001) than [ 18 F]FHBG at 1 and 2 hr, respectively. Micro-PET images support the biodistribution results and indicate that both [ 18 F]FMAU and [ 18 F]FHBG are useful for imaging HSV1-tk expression in breast cancer. Although FMAU demonstrates higher total incorporation (%dose/g) in tumor tissue compared with the other tracers, FHBG is superior in terms of specific accumulation in transfected cells at later time points.
Glyoxylate Oxidation in Rat Liver and Kidney (1977)

The enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of glyoxylate to oxalate by subcellular particles of rat liver and kidney, and in the cytosol fraction (100,000 × g supernatant) of rat kidney, has been investigated. Catalytic activity is associated with liver peroxisomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, but not with liver lysosomes and mitochondria. The activity associated with the endoplasmic reticulum has the properties of lactate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.27], whereas the peroxisomal activity is attributed to both glycollate oxidase [EC 1.1.3.1.] and to lactate dehydrogenase. Among the particulate fractions of kidney, catalytic activity with respect to the oxidation of glyoxylate to oxalate is due to lactate dehydrogenase associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility that some of the catalytic activity in kidney tissue is associated with the lysosomes cannot be completely excluded on the basis of the present evidence. No evidence was obtained for peroxisomal or mitochondrial enzymes with catalytic activity with respect to the oxidation of glyoxylate to oxalate in renal tissue. The catalytic activity for the oxidation of glyoxylate to oxalate in the kidney cytosol fraction was NAD+ dependent and associated with lactate dehydrogenase. These results are discussed in relation to previous work and to the problem of excessive oxalate production in man. It would be theoretically desirable to treat the hyperoxaluric diseases by reducing the excessive rate of oxalate biosynthesis in vivo. This could be most effectively done by inhibiting the last step on the oxalate biosynthetic pathway. The present evidence shows that it would be necessary to inhibit lactate dehydrogenase throughout the body as well as glycollate oxidase in order to achieve this.
Safety Verification and Refutation by k-invariants and k-induction (extended version) (2015)

Most software verification tools can be classified into one of a number of established families, each of which has their own focus and strengths. For example, concrete counterexample generation in model checking, invariant inference in abstract interpretation and completeness via annotation for deductive verification. This creates a significant and fundamental usability problem as users may have to learn and use one technique to find potential problems but then need an entirely different one to show that they have been fixed. This paper presents a single, unified algorithm kIkI, which strictly generalises abstract interpretation, bounded model checking and k-induction. This not only combines the strengths of these techniques but allows them to interact and reinforce each other, giving a `single-tool' approach to verification.