gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemispheric influence on autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (2001)

Several studies suggest hemispheric lateralization of autonomic cardiovascular control. There is controversy regarding which hemisphere dominates sympathetic or parasympathetic activity. Hemispheric influences on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have not yet been evaluated. To determine hemispheric autonomic control in epilepsy patients, we assessed cardiovascular and baroreflex modulation before and during hemispheric inactivation. For 15 patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, we analyzed autonomic heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) modulation and BRS before and during left and right intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP). After Blackman-Tukey spectral analysis, we calculated the low-frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) power of HR and BP as well as BRS as the LF transfer function gain between BP and HR. Right hemispheric inactivation induced a significant decrease of BP and an increase of HF power of HR and BP (p < 0.05). Left inactivation increased HR, BP, and LF power of both signals and decreased BRS by nearly 30% (p < 0.05). The results confirm previous IAP studies showing sympathetic lateralization in the right hemisphere and, moreover, demonstrate parasympathetic predominance and up-regulation of BRS in the left hemisphere. In epilepsy patients, unilateral electrical activity might derange autonomic balance between both hemispheres and contribute to cardiovascular dysregulation and sudden fatalities.
Bone marrow adipose tissue composition and glycemic improvements after gastric bypass surgery (2022)

Fracture risk is increased in type 2 diabetes, which may in part be due to altered bone marrow adiposity. Cross sectional studies have reported that people with type 2 diabetes have lower unsaturated BMAT lipid levels than people without diabetes, although there are limited data on longitudinal changes. We hypothesized that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), which dramatically improves glycemic status, would have differential effects on BMAT composition, with increases in the unsaturated lipid index in people with diabetes. Given reports that axial BMAT is responsive to metabolic stimuli while appendicular BMAT is stable, we hypothesized that BMAT changes would occur at the spine but not the tibia. We enrolled 30 obese women, stratified by diabetes status, and used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure BMAT at the spine in all participants, and the tibia in a subset (<i>n</i> = 19). At baseline, BMAT parameters were similar between those with and without diabetes, except tibial marrow fat content was lower in women with diabetes (97.4 % ± 1.0 % versus 98.2 % ± 0.4 %, <i>p</i> = 0.04). Six months after surgery, both groups experienced similar weight loss of 27 kg ± 7 kg. At the spine, there was a significant interaction between diabetes status and changes in both marrow fat content and the unsaturated lipid index (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.01 for differences, respectively). Women with diabetes had a trend towards a decline in marrow fat content (-4.3 % ± 8.2 %, <i>p</i> = 0.09) and increase in the unsaturated lipid index (+1.1 % ± 1.5 %, <i>p</i> = 0.02). In contrast, BMAT parameters did not significantly change in women without diabetes. In all women, changes in the unsaturated lipid index inversely correlated with hemoglobin A1c changes (<i>r</i> = -0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.02). At the tibia, there was little BMAT change by diabetes status. Our results suggest that vertebral BMAT composition is responsive to changes in glycemic control after RYGB.
Metaphase chromosomes from mammalian cells stimulate fusion of artificial phospholipid vesicles (1991)

Isolated mitotic chromosomes are able to form complexes with phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the presence and absence of Ca2+ ions, in the latter case in the presence of polyamines. Interactions with chromosomes stimulates liposome fusion. The fusion is promoted by condensed and EDTA-decondensed chromosomes.
Correction: Best practices in the measurement of circularly polarised photodetectors (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2TC01224C.].
Isolation and Properties of a Ribonuclease-Deficient Mutant of Salmonella typhimurium (1973)

A mutant of Salmonella typhimurium has been isolated that has less than 5% of the ribonuclease activity of the parent strain. Mutant screening and enzyme assays were done in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a substance that activates ribonuclease I and inhibits other known microbial nucleases. Genetic mapping indicates that the mutation is located between the purE and gal genes on the Salmonella chromosome. A ribonuclease-deficient mutant that carries a deletion in the pyrF gene is unable to utilize ribonucleic acid as a pyrimidine source, whereas the pyrF parent with normal ribonuclease activity will grow. This suggests that the enzyme may perform a scavenge function in the utilization of exogenous ribonucleic acid. Loss of this enzyme seems to have no detrimental effects on the growth of Salmonella.
Optimization of accessible catalase activity in polyacrylamide gel‐immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

The permeabilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast), either before or after immobilization in polyacrylamide gel (PAG), has been examined as a means to increase the catalase activity of PAG-immobilized yeast cells. Prior permeabilization of the cells resulted in large losses of catalase activity during immobilization, but permeabilization after immobilization produced increases in the catalase activity of yeast/PAG particles. A dependence of the accessible catalase activity on the concentration of polyacrylamide in permeabilized yeast/PAG particles, and on the method of permeabilization of the immobilized cells, was observed. Optimal levels of stable catalase activity (1000-2000 IU/g PAG particles; ca. 5%-10% of total available activity) were obtained by immobilizing yeast cells (0.5 g wet cells/mL gel) in 10% (w/v) PAG, followed by permeabilization of the entrapped cells with either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Triton X-100 and one freeze-thaw, or five freeze-thaw cycles.
Defect Identification and Measurement using Stereo Vision Camera for In-Line Inspection of Pipeline (2022)

In its operation, pipelines encounter a variety of damages, from improper application and unfavorable environmental conditions, which causes defects like metal loss, corrosion, cracks, among others. Along with the growing use of mobile robotic systems for pipelines inspection, we proposed a stereo camera-based monitoring system that can scan, detect, locate, and measure internal defects, particularly on cracks and leakage. To achieve autonomy, the system utilizes a stereo camera to extract 3D information, while a deep learning algorithm, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is used to identify the defect classes. The result demonstrates the generation of 3D point clouds, classification, and defect quantification. This paper aims to cover the device specification, control solution, system performance, as well as current drawbacks and enhancement approaches.
Intermolecular Reactions of Chlorohydrine Anions:  Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds under Basic Conditions (2006)

[reaction: see text] Nonenolizable aldehydes and ketones react with 2-chloroethanol and 3-chloropropanol under basic conditions (t-BuOK, DMF/THF) with formation of 2-substituted 1,3-dioxolanes and 1,3-dioxanes, respectively. Conversion of the two-step addition-alkylation process depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group that governs the equilibrium of addition of chloroalkoxides. This method of protection of carbonyl groups in the form of cyclic acetals under kinetically controlled conditions is complementary to the acid-catalyzed reaction with diols.
Evaluation of Horizontal Stresses in Soil during Direct Simple Shear by High-Resolution Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (2019)

This paper presents an approach for evaluating the horizontal stresses that develop in geotechnical Direct Simple Shear (DSS) tests through the use of high-resolution distributed fiber optic sensing. For this aim, fiber optics were embedded in 3D printed rings used for confining the soil in the test procedure. An analytical approach linking the measured spatially-distributed strain profile and the internal soil-ring contact stresses is developed in the paper. The method is based on representation of the contact stresses by a Fourier series expansion, and determining the coefficients of the series by minimizing the difference between the measured strain and the analytical strain within the linear elastic ring. The minimization problem results in a linear set of equations that can easily be solved for a given measurement. The approach is demonstrated on a set of drained DSS tests on clean sand specimens. Stress paths using the evaluated horizontal stresses are plotted together with Mohr circles at failure. These illustrate how, in these specific tests, the horizontal stress increases and principal stress direction rotates, until failure occurs along horizontal planes.
Squamous‐Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Lip (1982)

Squamous-cell carcinoma involving the upper lip grows more rapidly and is more difficult to control than squamous-cell carcinoma of the lower lip. The lesion usually is histologically more undifferentiated than squamous-cell carcinoma of the lower lip and metastases develop earlier. A case report of a patient with a squamous-cell carcinoma in an upper lip with regional metastases is presented and illustrated.
Chronic Inflammation in Cancer Development (2012)

Chronic inflammatory mediators exert pleiotropic effects in the development of cancer. On the one hand, inflammation favors carcinogenesis, malignant transformation, tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic spread; on the other hand inflammation can stimulate immune effector mechanisms that might limit tumor growth. The link between cancer and inflammation depends on intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Both pathways result in the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT-3, and HIF-1 and in accumulation of tumorigenic factors in tumor and microenvironment. STAT-3 and NF-κB interact at multiple levels and thereby boost tumor-associated inflammation which can suppress anti-tumor immune responses. These factors also promote tumor growth, progression, and metastatic spread. IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and PGHS-2 are key mediators of an inflammatory milieu by modulating the expression of tumor-promoting factors. In this review we concentrate on the crucial role of pro-inflammatory mediators in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis and outline molecular mechanisms of IL-1 signaling in tumors. In addition, we elucidate the dual roles of stress proteins as danger signals in the development of anti-cancer immunity and anti-apoptotic functions.
Unified Bit-Based Probabilistic Data Association Aided MIMO Detection for High-Order QAM Constellations (2011)

A unified bit-based probabilistic data association (B-PDA) detection approach is proposed for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing high-order rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The new approach transforms the symbol detection process of QAM to a bit-based process by introducing a unified matrix representation (UMR) of QAM. Both linear natural and nonlinear binary reflected Gray bit-to-symbol mappings are considered. With the aid of simulation results, we demonstrate that the linear-natural-mapping-based B-PDA approach typically attained an improved detection performance [measured in terms of both bit error ratio (BER) and symbol error ratio (SER)] in comparison with the conventional symbol-based probabilistic data association (PDA)-aided MIMO detector, despite its dramatically reduced computational complexity. The only exception is that, at low SNRs, the linear-natural-mapping-based B-PDA is slightly inferior in terms of its BER to the conventional symbol-based PDA using binary reflected Gray mapping. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the linear-natural-mapping-based B-PDA MIMO detector may approach the best-case performance provided by the nonlinear binary reflected Gray-mapping-based B-PDA MIMO detector under ideal conditions. Additionally, the implementation of the B-PDA MIMO detector is shown to be much simpler in the case of the linear natural mapping. Based on these two points, we conclude that, in the context of the uncoded B-PDA MIMO detector, it is preferable to use the linear natural bit-to-symbol mapping, rather than the nonlinear Gray mapping.
Natural and Engineered Hydroxyectoine Production Based on the Pseudomonas stutzeri ectABCD-ask Gene Cluster (2010)

We report on the presence of a functional hydroxyectoine biosynthesis gene cluster, ectABCD-ask, in Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM5190(T) and evaluate the suitability of P. stutzeri DSM5190(T) for hydroxyectoine production. Furthermore, we present information on heterologous de novo production of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine in Escherichia coli. In this host, the P. stutzeri gene cluster remained under the control of its salt-induced native promoters. We also noted the absence of trehalose when hydroxyectoine genes were expressed, as well as a remarkable inhibitory effect of externally applied betaine on hydroxyectoine synthesis. The specific heterologous production rate in E. coli under the conditions employed exceeded that of the natural producer Pseudomonas stutzeri and, for the first time, enabled effective hydroxyectoine production at low salinity (2%), with the added advantage of simple product processing due to the absence of other cosolutes.
Front Cover: Structure‐Activity Studies of Nitroreductase‐Responsive Near‐Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Fluorescent Probes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 23/2022) (2022)

The Front Cover illustrates the action of a cyanine-based fluorescent probe inside a hypoxic A549 cell. Nitroreductase enzyme, a well-known biomarker of hypoxia, transforms a carboxylic ester group on the central heptamethine chain through a self-immolative fragmentation mechanism into a brightly fluorescent carboxylate group, resulting in a “turn on” fluorescent response. The cell elements were provided by Reactome.org under the CC BY 4.0 license. More information can be found in the Research Article by P. Štacko, B. D. Smith et al.
Chemoproteomics of microbiota metabolites reveals small-molecule agonists for orphan receptor GPRC5A (2021)

ABSTRACT The microbiota generates diverse metabolites that can engage multiple pathways to modulate host physiology and disease, but their protein targets and mechanism(s) of action have not been fully elucidated. To address this challenge, we focused on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a prominent microbiota metabolite, and developed IAA-based chemical reporters for proteomic studies. We discovered that IAA interacts with many proteins in host cells, including small-molecule transporters, receptors and metabolic enzymes. Notably, our functional studies revealed that IAA binds to orphan G protein-coupled receptors such as GPRC5A, but only aromatic monoamines were capable of inducing GPRC5A signaling. Functional profiling of microbiota uncovered specific bacterial species and enzymes that generate GPRC5A agonists. Finally, biochemical characterization of GPRC5A activation identified more potent synthetic agonists as well as key amino acid residues involved in ligand binding. These studies highlight the utility of chemoproteomics to dissect protein targets and mechanisms of action for microbiota metabolites.
SERS Encoded Silver Pyramids for Attomolar Detection of Multiplexed Disease Biomarkers (2015)

Three disease biomarkers can simultaneously be detected at the attomolar level because of a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) encoded silver pyramid sensing system. This newly designed pyramidal sensor with well-controlled geometry exhibits highly sensitive, selective, and reproducible SERS signals, and holds promising potential for biodetection applications.
Interaction of Organic Molecules with Weak Amphoteric Charged Membrane Surfaces:  Effect of Interfacial Charge Structure (2002)

Weak amphoteric charged membranes were prepared by graft copolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives with pendant ionizable groups onto porous polyethylene (PE) membranes. Two types of weak amphoteric charged membranes and two types of weak single charged membranes were prepared and then characterized by zeta (ζ) potential and dynamic contact angle measurements. To identify the characteristics of interactions between organic molecules and membrane surfaces, we used four kinds of model organic molecules: pyrene (highly hydrophobic), 1-pyrenesulfonic acid (having an anionic group), 1-pyrenemethylamine (having a cationic group), and 1-aminopyrene (having a polar group). The time dependence of the adsorbed amount on the membrane was investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that ionic PEG chains on the membrane surfaces reduced the adsorption of hydrophobic adsorbents and interacted with polar groups by hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, for ionic adsorbents, electrostatic interaction played an important role on the surfaces of oppositely charged PEG chain grafted membranes. The electrostatic interactions were correlated with the interfacial charge properties obtained from the ζ potential measurements.
Eficacia de cuatro acaricidas sobre el ácaro Varroa destructor (2020)

En el apiario de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), La Molina – Lima, sobre 20 colonias de Apis mellifera L., se evaluó la eficacia de acaricidas sobre Varroa destructor. El experimento se realizó en diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos más un testigo sin aplicación y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron cumafós, amitraz, ácido oxálico y timol. En base a registros de infestación inicial y final de Varroa, se demostró que el cumafós y el timol, con eficacia de 94,85% y 84,68%, respectivamente, fueron los más eficaces, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos, pero sí con respecto al ácido oxálico y amitraz que resultaron menos eficaces con valores de 62,81% y 55,22%, respectivamente. Por otra parte, bajo el procedimiento del shock químico, cumafós y timol fueron los más eficaces con valores de 97,72% y 87,16%, respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos, pero sí con el ácido oxálico y el amitraz que mostraron menor eficacia con valores de 68,12% y 58,12%, respectivamente. Ningún acaricida ensayado mostró impacto negativo sobre abejas adultas, crías y reserva alimenticia.
Exploiting home automation protocols for load monitoring in smart buildings (2011)

Monitoring and controlling electrical loads is crucial for demand-side energy management in smart grids. Home automation (HA) protocols, such as X10 and Insteon, have provided programmatic load control for many years, and are being widely deployed in early smart grid field trials. While HA protocols include basic monitoring functions, extreme bandwidth limitations (<180bps) have prevented their use in load monitoring. In this paper, we highlight challenges in designing AutoMeter, a system for exploiting HA for accurate load monitoring at scale. We quantify Insteon's limitations to query device status---once every 10 seconds to achieve less than 5% loss rate---and then evaluate techniques to disaggregate coarse HA data from fine-grained building-wide power data. In particular, our techniques learn switched load power using on-off-dim events, and tag fine-grained building-wide power data using readings from plug meters every 5 minutes.
Electrophoretic conditions for high resolution citrus isozymes in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1995)

Electrophoretic conditions including electrode and gel buffers, acrylamide concentration, use of stacking gels, voltage, current, and run time were investigated in order to produce isozyme bands of high resolution which would facilitate densitometric quantification of enzyme activity following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Electrode buffers which provided optimal conditions for gels stained for the isozymes of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and shikimate dehydrogenase (SkDH) were 0.02 M Tris-glycine, pH 8.5, 0.1 M sodium borate, pH 6.0, 0.1 M sodium borate, pH 8.7, and 0.07 M sodium borate, pH 7.0, respectively. A 0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, gel buffer was optimal for gels stained for the isozymes of 6-PGD, PGI and SkDH. A 0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, gel buffer was best for gels stained for MDH. Stacking gels were found to be detrimental to enzyme activity and showed no improvement in resolution for any of the enzymes. Acrylamide concentration for gels stained for MDH were 8.7%, gels stained for 6-PGD and PGI were 7.5%, while gels stained for SkDH had an acrylamide concentration of 5.0%. Higher concentrations above these levels caused a reduction and in some cases loss of band activity, while below this concentration there was a decrease in band resolution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Memory-Efficient Performance Monitoring on Programmable Switches with Lean Algorithms (2019)

Network performance problems are notoriously difficult to diagnose. Prior profiling systems collect performance statistics by keeping information about each network flow, but maintaining per-flow state is not scalable on resource-constrained NIC and switch hardware. Instead, we propose sketch-based performance monitoring using memory that is sublinear in the number of flows. Existing sketches estimate flow monitoring metrics based on flow sizes. In contrast, performance monitoring typically requires combining information across pairs of packets, such as matching a data packet with its acknowledgment to compute a round-trip time. We define a new class of lean algorithms that use memory sublinear in both the size of input data and the number of flows. We then introduce lean algorithms for a set of important statistics, such as identifying flows with high latency, loss, out-of-order, or retransmitted packets. We implement prototypes of our lean algorithms on a commodity programmable switch using the P4 language. Our experiments show that lean algorithms detect ∼82% of top 100 problematic flows among real-world packet traces using just 40KB memory.
Smart noise reduction system based on ALE and noise reconstruction system (2004)

The noise reduction technique to reduce wideband and sinusoidal noise in noisy speech is proposed. We have proposed the noise reconstruction system (NRS) using the linear prediction error filter (LPEF) and system identification model. However, since the sinusoidal noise has the characteristic just like the vowel, the conventional system cannot reduce the sinusoidal noise. We introduce the adaptive line enhancer (ALE) to reduce the sinusoidal noise. The ALE estimates a current signal correlated with a delayed signal. The speech signal is nonstationary signal in long time interval. On the other hand, the sinusoidal noise is stationary noise. For example, ventilating fan and engine noise. So the autocorrelation of the sinusoidal noise is maintained although that of the speech signal fades. Thus the ALE can estimate only the sinusoidal noise. Therefore, the noise reduction system based on the ALE and the NRS reduces not only the wideband noise but also the sinusoidal noise.