gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual effects of CGRP‐antagonist on allergic contact dermatitis in human skin (2000)

There is increasing evidence of an interaction between the nervous and the immune systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the rôle of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the modulation of the elicitation of immediate and delayed, immunological and non-immunological reactions in human skin. CGRP (13 pmol and 39 pmol), and the CGRP-antagonist, CGRP/8-37/, (50 pmol and 500 pmol) were injected intracutaneously prior to provocation tests. Patients with allergy to nickel were provoked with nickel sulfate epicutaneously, and the reactions were evaluated by a clinical scoring system (guidelines of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group). Patients with allergy to birch pollen were provoked by a prick test with the allergen, and the volume of the weals was measured. The patients were also provoked with tuberculin (delayed immunologic reaction), benzalkonium chloride (irritant contact dermatitis), UV-light and benzoic acid (non-immunologic contact urticaria). The test reactions were estimated by planimetry. CGRP/8-37/ exerted dual effects on allergic contact dermatitis, causing potentiation at a dose of 500 pmol (p= 0.004) and inhibition at a dose of 50 pmol (p=0.012). Other reactions were not significantly affected by the pretreatments. The results suggest that CGRP participates in delayed inflammatory reactions, but is not involved in immediate immunologic reactions.
Graft Choice and the Incidence of Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Causal Analysis From a Cohort of 541 Patients (2018)

At 12 years of follow-up, neither graft technique was superior to the other in terms of the rate of osteoarthritis.
In situ immunologic characterization of cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens involved by Hodgkin's disease (1982)

The cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied with a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against human thymocyte, peripheral T-cell, and la antigens. Utilizing both an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections and indirect immunofluorescence on cell suspensions, wer found that a majority of lymphocytes were T cells, since they stained with anti-T1 and anti-T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells. In addition, most of these cells were reactive with anti-T4 antibody, which defines the helper/inducer T-cell population, whereas only a minority of cells stained with anti-T5 and anti-T8 antibodies, which are reactive with suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, a large proportion of T cells expressed T10 antigen, which is found on activated T cells. A minority of the T cells also expressed la antigen(s), again suggesting that some of the T cells are activated. In contrast, the Reed-sternberg cells did not react with any of these anti-T-cell antibodies or with anti-IgM antiserum, but displayed strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining with anti-la antibody. Taken together, these findings suggest that Reed-Sternberg cells are not of T-cell lineage but may be derived from antigen-presenting reticulum cells in the thymus-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues; these cells are normally associated with T4+ cells.
Mechanistic discussion of cationic crosslinking copolymerizations of 1,2‐epoxycyclohexane with diepoxide crosslinkers accompanied by intramolecular and intermolecular chain transfer reactions (2010)

Abstract Our previous mechanistic discussion of the free‐radical crosslinking monoallyl/diallyl copolymerizations was extended to the cationic crosslinking monoepoxide/diepoxide copolymerizations, typically including 1,2‐epoxycyclohexane (ECH) as a monoepoxide and bis[3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl] adipate (BECHMA) as a diepoxide crosslinker. In the cationic polymerization, oligomer is usually obtained because of the occurrence of characteristic chain‐forming reactions. Therefore, cationic crosslinking monoepoxide/diepoxide copolymerizations could be in the category of the network formation through free‐radical crosslinking monoallyl/diallyl copolymerizations. Thus, the gelation behavior was discussed by comparing the actual gel points with the theoretical ones; the greatly delayed gelation from theory was observed. Then, the resulting network polymer precursors (NPPs) were characterized by SEC‐MALLS‐viscometry to clarify the cationic crosslinking ECH/BECHMA copolymerization mechanism. Notably, the correlation lines of molecular weight versus elution volume were specific for the NPPs obtained at a high conversion close to the gel point as compared with those obtained by the free‐radical crosslinking monoallyl/diallyl copolymerization. This may be ascribed to the occurrence of intramolecular and intermolecular chain transfer reactions characteristic of cationic polymerization; the chain transfer reactions involve the intramolecular and intermolecular nucleophilic attack of ether oxygen or terminal hydroxyl oxygen in the NPPs to a terminal growing cation that leads to the formation of not only the loop‐ but also the crosslink‐structures containing NPPs, providing fragile ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight NPP in the SEC columns. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Alternative structure of TiO2 with higher energy valence band edge (2017)

We propose an alternative structure of ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ anatase that has a higher energy oxygen $p$-like valence band maximum than pristine ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ anatase and thus has a much better alignment with the water splitting levels. This alternative structure is unique when considering a large subspace of possible structural distortions of ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ anatase. We propose two routes towards this state and argue that one of them might have been realized in the recently discovered so-called black ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$.
Introduction (2012)

Régulièrement, la revue Documents d’Archéologie Méridionale propose des bilans thématiques sur l’actualité des recherches en cours. Ces dernières années, le développement des travaux relatifs aux céramiques du Bronze final méridional nous a semblé favorable à la constitution d’un dossier sur ce thème. En effet, des mémoires universitaires, des publications abouties ou en cours, le tout alimenté par des travaux de terrain qui renouvellent les bases documentaires, ont permis un certain nombre d...
First Total Synthesis of N‐Oxido‐3‐aza‐1,3,5(10)‐trieno Steroids. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cardiac activation mapping in a transgenic mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy (2002)

Genetically altered mice have been developed to study many aspects of cardiac membrane electrophysiology. Observations made at the cellular level in these transgenic mice are often not correlated with the ECG from the intact animal. Transgenic (N=4) and control (N=4) mice were studied with hardware and software tools developed to observe epicardial activation. A custom probe mapped the anterior right ventricle using 16 unipolar electrodes arranged in a 4/spl times/4 matrix (1.0 mm/sup 2/). Labview software controlled the digitization, storage and real time display of the signals. With Matlab programs, local activation times were identified and isochronous maps and spatial velocity vectors were constructed. The direction of the activation wavefront shifted 90/spl deg/ in the transgenic mice when compared to the control group. Such changes in the conduction patterns may help demonstrate macroscopic conduction abnormalities resulting from cellular communication differences in the genetically altered mice as compared to control mice.
SPADs for quantum random number generators and beyond (2014)

Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are solid-state photo-detectors capable of detecting single photons by exploiting the avalanche effect that occurs in the breakdown of a p-n junction biased above breakdown voltage. By this effect, a SPAD translates an incoming photon to a macroscopic current pulse. These devices are currently used for building medical devices characterized by a very high time resolution. An appealing application of SPAD is to use them as a basic block for building the entropy source of true random number generators. In this paper we focus on such application, and we explore the design challenges behind the realization of a quantum random number generator based on a massively parallel array of SPADs. The matrix under investigation comprises 512×128 independent cells that convert photons onto a raw bit-stream, which, as ensured by the properties of quantum physics, is characterized by a very high level of randomness. The sequences are read out in a 128-bit parallel bus, concatenated, and pipelined onto a de-biasing filter. Subsequently, we fabricated the proposed chip using a standard CMOS process. Our results, achieved on the manufactured device and coupling two matrices, show that our architecture can reach up to 5 Gbit/s while consuming 25pJ/bit, thus demonstrating scalability and performance for any random number generators based on SPADs.
그룬트비히 교육사상에 기초한 한국 사회교육의 전개과정과 의의 (2008)

오늘날 우리나라에서는 공동체성의 상실, 교육기회의 불평등 등으로 야기된 평생교육의 정체성 위기를 전통적인 ‘사회교육’의 개념과 이념에 대한 역사적인 재고찰을 통해 극복하고자 하는 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 전 세계적으로 사회교육 사상의 기초를 놓았던 덴마크 그룬트비히 교육사상이 우리나라 사회교육의 기원과 형성에 어떻게 영향을 끼쳐...
The importance of anaerobic bacteria in non-healing wounds (2016)

Free to read Chronic wounds, with their polymicrobial nature, put a significant burden on health budgets worldwide. Bacterial presence in the wound bed is associated with poor healing. The role of anaerobic bacteria in wound healing impairment has not been definitively established, mainly due to lack of reporting resulting from culture-based limitations. Advanced molecular methods are more reliable and the presence of anaerobic bacteria can be detected. We have analysed 207 wound swab samples from 38 non- healing wound patients. Samples were collected at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) wound clinic (Brisbane) over a period of 12 weeks. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology was used for determining bacterial diversity and abundance in these wound samples. We found multiple types of bacteria residing on the non-healing wound bed. Bacterial diversity results are discussed in this paper with a focus on the importance of anaerobic bacteria. Overall, different patients’ wounds harbour diverse bacterial populations. Similarly, the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the wound bed was also detected. Molecular methods are reliable and useful, particularly for organisms requiring special conditions for growth such as anaerobes. It is clinically important to determine the major microbes present in the wound bed and their relationship with wound chronicity.
Tet-On lentiviral transductants lose inducibility when silenced for extended intervals in mammary epithelial cells (2016)

Silencing of virally transduced genes by promoter methylation and histone deacetylation has been a chronic problem both experimentally and therapeutically. We observed frequent silencing of the tetracycline-inducible Tet-On promoter borne by the Tripz lentivirus in mammary epithelial cell lines. We found that silencing could be prevented by continuous induction, but uninduced Tet-On gradually became uninducible, suggesting promoter modification. Accordingly, silencing was reversible by a common inhibitor of histone deacetylases, sodium butyrate. The effect was cell-line dependent, as HEK293 cells exhibited only moderate silencing that could be partly reversed by extended induction. These results indicate the need to test individual cell lines prior to using this system for studies that require induction after long periods of repression such as in animal models or RNA interference screens.
Dextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate for pseudobulbar affect (2008)

A new agent containing a combination of dextromethorphan (DM) and quinidine (Q) is currently under development for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (PBA). PBA is a disorder of emotional regulation, characterized by uncontrollable outbursts of laughing and/or crying that are disproportionate to the emotions being experienced. The pathophysiology of PBA is currently unknown, although the disorder is thought to occur exclusively in the setting of neurological disease. The most influential theory on PBA posits that emotional outbursts are being generated autonomously in the brain stem due to loss of regulatory control by the frontal lobe. Although rarely life-threatening, PBA can have significant impact on patient quality of life, and thus merits treatment. There are currently no approved treatments for PBA. Several agents have been found to be effective in small placebo-controlled trials and case series, with the most commonly used agents being tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Both these treatments are inexpensive and relatively low-risk, although the quality and quantity of data available on their efficacy are not optimal. DM has several pharmacological mechanisms of action relevant to the brain. It is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which prompted investigators to study its potential for slowing progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where glutamate toxicity is thought to be a factor. The combination agent DM/Q was developed to slow the metabolism of DM by P450 2D6 enzymes in the liver. DM/Q was not effective in slowing ALS progression, but patients noted that it helped to control their emotional outbursts, suggesting it might be useful as a treatment for PBA. DM is also a sigma-1 receptor agonist. These receptors are widely distributed in the brain, but probably most heavily in the limbic system, suggesting that DM may exert its emotion-controlling effects via these receptors. The endogenous ligands for sigma-1 receptors are not altogether known, although they appear to include gonadal steroids. DM/Q was recently shown to be effective in reducing the severity of PBA in two large studies of ALS and multiple sclerosis, which are probably the most common neurological settings. These are the largest treatment studies of PBA ever done. The agent was safe and relatively well tolerated. Further studies are being conducted to see if efficacy can be maintained with lower doses of quinidine. If DM/Q is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of PBA, it would be the first agent approved for this purpose. Currently, the antidepressants are probably the most attractive pharmacologic options for treatment of PBA. The choice of whether to use DM/Q in this setting will likely depend on individual patient factors as well as cost.
Face spoof detection using light reflection in moderate to low lighting (2017)

Face recognition is widely viewed as an alternative means of authentication to replace traditional password methods in different applications for access control. Despite significant improvements, this form of authentication remains plagued by a number of vulnerabilities ranging from the use of printed photographs, 3D masks, and video replay attacks, prompting the need for a more robust approach in defending against such spoof attacks. Using the observation that different materials reflect light differently, we propose a system that uses light reflection patterns and night vision infrared to detect spoof attacks. We developed a system using Laplacian blur detection, Gabor filters, color moments and Local Binary Patterns, which calculates the reflection of light on different material and classifies whether the given face is real or fake. We noticed significant improvement in our results, with the system working well in a lighting controlled environment that is comparable to some existing systems. In particular, a single light source when capturing a sample for preprocessing yielded optimal results. Furthermore, we also created our own dataset comprising 40 individuals using several cameras that can serve as another source in addition to the existing CASIA-FASD and MSU MFSD public datasets.
Surgical Technique: Lower Trapezius Transfer in Paediatric Paralytic Shoulder (2021)

The therapeutic management of the paralytic shoulder after an obstetric brachial plexus injury is complex. When nerve repair or neurotization fail, or if the biological times for nerve reconstruction is over, tendon transfer to restore active external rotation of the shoulder becomes the main surgical alternative. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the surgical technique of the lower trapezius muscle transfer to the infraspinatus muscle, to restore active shoulder external rotation in the child with paralytic shoulder, step by step with details and pearls.
Early changes in hepatitis C viral quasispecies during interferon therapy predict the therapeutic outcome (2002)

Despite recent treatment advances, the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis C fail to respond to antiviral therapy. Although the genetic basis for this resistance is unknown, accumulated evidence suggests that changes in the heterogeneous viral population (quasispecies) may be an important determinant of viral persistence and response to therapy. Sequences within hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope 1 and envelope 2 genes, inclusive of the hypervariable region 1, were analyzed in parallel with the level of viral replication in serial serum samples obtained from 23 patients who exhibited different patterns of response to therapy and from untreated controls. Our study provides evidence that although the viral diversity before treatment does not predict the response to treatment, the early emergence and dominance of a single viral variant distinguishes patients who will have a sustained therapeutic response from those who subsequently will experience a breakthrough or relapse. A dramatic reduction in genetic diversity leading to an increasingly homogeneous viral population was a consistent feature associated with viral clearance in sustained responders and was independent of HCV genotype. The persistence of variants present before treatment in patients who fail to respond or who experience a breakthrough during therapy strongly suggests the preexistence of viral strains with inherent resistance to IFN. Thus, the study of the evolution of the HCV quasispecies provides prognostic information as early as the first 2 weeks after starting therapy and opens perspectives for elucidating the mechanisms of treatment failure in chronic hepatitis C.
Improving water resource management through the development of a flux tower network and remote sensing modeling of evapotranspiration and water stress of woody perennial crops in California (2023)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Improving water resource management in the western United States is critically needed to achieve sustainability between the competing demands of water supplies for cities and towns, for agriculture, particularly irrigated regions, by industries principally for generating electricity, and for the environment (i.e., providing adequate ecosystem services). The last decade marked by historically severe droughts revealed the need for new water management policies and environmental regulations. Moreover, the impact of climate change not only has exacerbated droughts but also may be causing episodic extreme wet periods requiring a new paradigm on water management strategies for surface water reservoirs and groundwater aquifers. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) is an example of developing a water management policy for sustainability of water resources in California. California produces 80% of the world&amp;amp;#8217;s almonds, is the 4&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;th&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; largest wine producer worldwide while also providing three-quarters of the fruits and nuts in the U.S. Much of the production requires reliable water sources for irrigation.&amp;amp;#160; This has motivated research into designing networks of evapotranspiration (ET) flux tower measurements in grape and tree crop systems in conjunction with developing new remote sensing tools for mapping crop water use, ET, to efficiently use and conserve water resources across the over 1.5 million acres of woody perennial crop production fields.&amp;amp;#160; This acreage is largely irrigated and uses approximately 70% of freshwater resources in the region.&amp;amp;#160; The two projects, GRAPEX (Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment) and T-REX (Tree-crop Remote sensing of Evapotranspiration eXperiment) have the overall goal to identify management opportunities to maximize water use efficiency in vineyard, almond and other woody perennial crops. &amp;amp;#160;This presentation will describe the measurement network used for understanding the water and energy flux exchange of these complex cropping systems and in validating and refining remote sensing modeling tools from UAS and satellite platforms for estimating ET and crop water stress from plant and sub field to regional scales required for improving water management strategies of these agricultural systems.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Incandescent Lamp Color with High-Intensity Discharge Lamps (1973)

THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-INTENSITY MERCURY VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP MATCHING THE EMISSION COLOR OF ORDINARY INCANDESCENT LAMPS IS DESCRIBED. THE HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO THE SOLUTION OF THIS PROBLEM ARE REVIEWED. THE COLOR DESCRIPTION OF MERCURY VAPOR LAMPS IS TABULATED AND THE SPECTRAL POWER DISTRIBUTION OF A 400-WATT HIGH-PRESSURE MERCURY VAPOR LAMP WITH CLEAR OUTER BULB IS GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED. SINGULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MERCURY VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP AND EARLY ATTEMPTS TO MODIFY THE MERCURY ARC EMISSION LAMP ARE DISCUSSED. MEANS WHEREBY THE PROPOSED LAMP ACHIEVES ITS COLOR OBJECTIVE ARE REVIEWED. THE COLOR QUALITY OF THE NEW LAMP IS DERIVED THROUGH THE USE OF A PROPER BLENDING RATIO OF MAGNESIUM FLUOROGERMANATE AND YTTRIUM VANADATE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHOR. FIGURES ILLUSTRATE HOW THE SPECTRAL POWER DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LAMP IS ACHIEVED. ALTHOUGH THE INVESTIGATION REPORTED HERE CONCERNED ITSELF WITH A 400-WATT LAMP, EQUALLY GOOD RESULTS HAVE BEEN REALIZED IN LAMPS OF OTHER SIZES.
A Putative Sugar‐Binding Transcriptional Regulator in a Novel Gene Locus inEnterococcus faecalisContributes to Production of Biofilm and Prolonged Bacteremia in Mice (2004)

A biofilm-negative transposon mutant was created from an Enterococcus faecalis strain that produces a lot of biofilm. The transposon had been inserted in the second gene of a locus consisting of 4 open-reading frames, designated bop (biofilm on plastic surfaces). A nonpolar deletion of this gene and of parts of the 2 flanking genes was created; production of biofilm by this deletion mutant was significantly enhanced, compared with that by the wild-type strain. Expression of a downstream gene was significantly lower in the transposon mutant than in the wild-type strain and the biofilm-enhanced deletion mutant. Transformation of this gene into the transposon mutant partially restored production of biofilm. Mice challenged by intravenous injection with the biofilm-negative mutant strain showed significantly reduced numbers of colony-forming units in the blood, compared with mice challenged with the biofilm-enhanced deletion mutant and the wild-type. These results indicate that bop is involved in production of biofilm and probably regulates expression of biofilm in the E. faecalis strain tested.
Synthesis of Two Well‐Defined Quadruple‐Stranded Copolymers having Two Kinds of Backbones by Postpolymerization of a Helical Template Polymer (2017)

A brand new, soluble quadruple-stranded copolymer is synthesized by using a self-template polymer from a new monomer. In addition, another very unique quadruple-stranded copolymer having a π-π stacking supramolecular polymer main chain is synthesized by selective photocyclic aromatization of the quadruple-stranded copolymer. The two quadruple-stranded copolymers gave self-standing membranes.