gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Life on the Rainforest Edge: Food Security in the Agricultural-Forest Frontier of Cross River State, Nigeria (2019)

A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of forests and wild animal-based foods for diets within tropical environments. However, deforestation and associated land-use changes can have competing effects on nutrition and food security as communities reorient from wild food use and subsistence-based agriculture to import/export markets. This research examines dietary differences and associated changes in food security during intermediate stages of deforestation and market integration in the agriculture-forest frontier of Cross River State, Nigeria. We used participant responses to mixed-methods interviews (n=528) in six communities to measure individual dietary diversity, household food access, and short-term nutritional status, with specific attention to animal-based foods and the cultural and economic values attached to them, in two interior forest (n=177) and four forest-edge (n=351) communities. Multivariate analysis of dietary compositions revealed differences in food categories and types of meat consumed between forest environments. People in forest-edge communities reported consuming less bushmeat and dark green leafy vegetables, and more pulses, domestic meat, fish, eggs, dairy, other vegetables, sweets, condiments, and non-red palm oil compared to interior forest communities. Bushmeat was highly preferred and had more economic value than other animal-based foods, regardless of location. Forest-edge communities had fewer households involved in bushmeat related activities, and fewer hunters per household. However, traders in forest-edge communities sold a larger proportion of meat to people outside of the community than did traders in interior forest communities. Measures of nutrition and food security, but not wealth, improved in relation to dietary patterns in forest-edge communities compared to interior forest communities. Our results may reflect a “best of both worlds” scenario during the intermediate stages of deforestation and agricultural expansion near forested areas, where people have access to forest resources, increased ability to capitalize on forest goods, and access to market goods as they become integrated into market economies. Understanding the dietary consequences of environmental change is important, as food-related experiences may shape the trajectories of livelihood practices and landscape changes in tropical forests of biodiversity significance.
Equal But Not The Same: Understanding the Implicit Relationship Between Persuasive Images and Text (2018)

Images and text in advertisements interact in complex, non-literal ways. The two channels are usually complementary, with each channel telling a different part of the story. Current approaches, such as image captioning methods, only examine literal, redundant relationships, where image and text show exactly the same content. To understand more complex relationships, we first collect a dataset of advertisement interpretations for whether the image and slogan in the same visual advertisement form a parallel (conveying the same message without literally saying the same thing) or non-parallel relationship, with the help of workers recruited on Amazon Mechanical Turk. We develop a variety of features that capture the creativity of images and the specificity or ambiguity of text, as well as methods that analyze the semantics within and across channels. We show that our method outperforms standard image-text alignment approaches on predicting the parallel/non-parallel relationship between image and text.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 5. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 1‐ALKOXY‐1,4‐DIHYDRO‐4‐OXO‐3‐QUINOLINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1977)

Abstract Aus den substituierten und kondensierten 4‐Chlor‐chinolin‐3‐carbonsäure‐ estern (I) entstehen mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure die N‐Oxide (II), die zu den N‐Hydroxy‐chinolonen (III) und ihren Substitutionsprodukten (IV) führen.
Comparison of Algorithms for Unsteady Flow Calculations in Inlet and Exhaust Systems of IC Engines (2000)

A comparison of different numerical algorithms used in commercial codes for the calculation of the one-dimensional unsteady flow in the pipes of the inlet and exhaust systems of internal combustion engines is presented in this work. The comparison is made between the Method Of Characteristics (MOC), different Lax-Wendroff schemes, first order upwind schemes and the newest TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) schemes. These algorithms are representative for the complete evolution noticed in the computer codes from the beginning of their use to the present state of the art. Two models of realistic problems in engine simulation tasks are considered: the shock tube calculation (so called Sod’s problem) and the calculation in a tapered pipe. The first test case simulates the exhaust valve opening and releasing a pressure (shock)wave in the exhaust manifold while the other test case covers any gradual variation in the cross section of the manifold pipes. For both test cases computed results are compared with an exact solution and computer time and accuracy are evaluated. None of the examined schemes is completely satisfactory. They either show too much overshoots (for the first test case), or they have local discretization errors (at the section changes of the second test case). A new TVD scheme is proposed that does not introduce any of the foregoing inaccuracies. With this scheme overshoots and dips are eliminated and mass balances are fulfilled, while maintaining high accuracy. [S0742-4795(00)00304-5]
Measurement and Analysis of Inductive Coupling Noise in 90 nm Global Interconnects (2008)

Inductive coupling is becoming a design concern for global interconnects in nanometer technologies. We present measurement results of the effect of inductive coupling on timing, and demonstrate that inductive coupling noise is a practical design issue in 90 nm technology. The measured delay change curve is consistent with circuit simulation results for an RLC interconnect model, and clearly different from those for a conventional RC model. The long-range coupling effect of inductive coupling, and noise reduction caused by ground insertion or decreased driver size were clearly observed on silicon. Examination of noise cancellation and superposition effects shown in measurement results confirm that the summation of delay variations due to each individual aggressor is a reasonable approximation of the total delay variation.
Oral Metronomic Vinorelbine in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Unfit for Chemotherapy (2018)

These data support the activity and safety of metronomic vinorelbine in a relevant proportion of patients usually excluded from any specific treatment.
Genetic engineering of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to target chloroplasts and identification of a novel nuclear localization signal of VirD2 protein (2015)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been adopted to become a greatest tool for plant genetic engineering. Since Agrobacteria predominantly integrate single copy of the transgene into the nuclear genome, the transgene expression is relatively low. In contrast, transgene expression from chloroplasts allows high expression. Therefore, my first objective was to develop a new method of chloroplast transformation by modifying Agrobacterium genetics. I attempted to transform tobacco chloroplasts by Agrobacterium carrying the VirD2 protein with inactivated nuclear localization signals (NLSs) fused to a chloroplast transit peptide. However, the transformation of tobacco chloroplasts was unsuccessful. It suggested that the transit peptide was overridden by a novel cryptic NLS of VirD2. My second objective was to determine a novel NLS in VirD2. I discovered the novel NLS in VirD2 by subcellular localization analyses of fusion proteins (fragment of VirD2-green fluorescent protein) in plant cells. My discovery contributed to characterization of VirD2.
Computer-aided selection of equipment and resource planning in assembly line design (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
General Strategy for the Synthesis of Rare Sugars via Ru(II)-Catalyzed and Boron-Mediated Selective Epimerization of 1,2- trans -Diols to 1,2- cis -Diols (2022)

Human glycans are primarily composed of nine common sugar building blocks. On the other hand, several hundred monosaccharides have been discovered in bacteria and most of them are not readily available. The ability to access these rare sugars and the corresponding glycoconjugates can facilitate the studies of various fundamentally important biological processes in bacteria, including interactions between microbiota and the human host. Many rare sugars also exist in a variety of natural products and pharmaceutical reagents with significant biological activities. Although several methods have been developed for the synthesis of rare monosaccharides, most of them involve lengthy steps. Herein, we report an efficient and general strategy that can provide access to rare sugars from commercially available common monosaccharides via a one-step Ru(II)-catalyzed and boron-mediated selective epimerization of 1,2-<i>trans</i>-diols to 1,2-<i>cis</i>-diols. The formation of boronate esters drives the equilibrium toward 1,2-<i>cis</i>-diol products, which can be immediately used for further selective functionalization and glycosylation. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the efficient construction of glycoside skeletons in natural products or bioactive compounds.
A Robust Squarate-Based Metal–Organic Framework Demonstrates Record-High Affinity and Selectivity for Xenon over Krypton (2019)

The efficient separation of xenon (Xe) and krypton (Kr) is one of the industrially important processes. While adsorptive separation of these two species is considered to be an energy efficient process, developing highly selective adsorbent remains challenging. Herein, a rigid squarate-based metal-organic framework (MOF), having a perfect pore size (4.1 Å × 4.3 Å) comparable with the kinetic diameter of Xe (4.047 Å) as well as pore surface decorated with very polar hydroxyl groups, is able to effectively discriminate Xe atoms, affording a record-high Xe/Kr selectivity. An exceptionally high Xe uptake capacity of 58.4 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and selectivity of 60.6 at low pressure (0.2 bar) are achieved at ambient temperature. The MOF exhibits the highest Xe Henry coefficient (192.1 mmol/g/bar) and Xe/Kr Henry selectivity (54.1) among all state-of-the-art adsorbents reported so far. Direct breakthrough experiments further confirm the excellent separation performance. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong interaction between Xe and the framework is a result of the synergy between optimal pore size and polar porosity.
Brief Behavioral Sleep Intervention for Adolescents: An Effectiveness Study (2015)

Sleep disturbances are common among adolescents, but there are no brief interventions to treat them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief semistructured, individually delivered sleep intervention to ameliorate adolescents' sleeping difficulties and lengthen sleep duration. All students aged 16-18 years in a high school were screened for sleeping difficulties and 36 students with the highest sleep problem scores were invited to the intervention. Postintervention improvements were observed on self-reported and actiwatch-registered sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality and sleep latency, perceived stress and anxiety (all p values < 0.001). However, objectively measured sleep efficiency and sleep latency did not change (p > 0.05). A brief individual sleep intervention can be effective in lengthening sleep duration and improving subjective sleep quality and well-being among adolescents.
Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm Properties and Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Manuka Honey: A Nature’s Bioactive Honey (2022)

Honey has a history of medical use and is known as bio-alternative therapy. This research assessed the phytochemical and biological activity of the medical grade manuka honey (MH). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was chosen to investigate bioactive compounds of the MH. The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging and beta-carotene antioxidant activities as well as the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were all determined. Furthermore, to gauge anticancer properties of MH, a MTT assay was opted towards three cell lines, including HCT-116 (colon), A549 (lung) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cells. The GC–MS analysis of the tested MH revealed the identification of various chemical constituents belonging to the fatty acids, phenols, and esters. The MH was found to have higher reducing power activity (DPPH IC50: 7.36; ABTS IC50: 4.49 mg/mL) than the beta-carotene bleaching power (IC50: 37.51 mg/mL). Similarly, the MH was noted to be more active against the planktonic and biofilm of Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, a dose-dependent anticancer potential was observed, although a significant anticancer potential was pointed out against the MCF-7 and A549 cell conforming to the IC50 values of 9.05 and 9.37 mg/mL, respectively. This study’s results have highlighted the MH’s chemical composition with significant bioactivities.
Membrane degumming of crude soybean and rapeseed oils (1997)

Abstract Membrane separation in edible oil processing is a potential area for energy savings. However, technical and operating‐cost‐related barriers have impeded the successful application of membrane separation in food processing. Studies were undertaken with soybean and rapeseed oils in a magnetically stirred flat‐membrane batch cell with two types of composite polymeric membranes at 3 MPa pressure and at a constant temperature of 40°C. The membranes were NTGS‐1100 and NTGS‐2100, and used silicon as the active layer and polysulfone and polyimide as support layers, respectively. The membrane selectively rejected phospholipids, the content being less than 240 mg/kg in the permeate without any pretreatment or dilution of crude oil with organic solvent. Long‐term studies up to 97 days with soybean oil at two different pressures, 2 and 3 MPa, showed that the rejection of phosphatides was above 96% in most permeates. The permeate flux remained nearly constant but must be improved.
The Mechanism of Hologram Formation in Dichromated Gelatin (1970)

Experiments have been performed which lead to the conclusion that dichromated gelatin holograms arise as a result of the formation of an air-gelatin interface, with the observed high diffraction efficiencies resulting from the air-gelatin refractive index differential of 0.52 found at the interface. It is postulated that rapid removal of water by isopropanol in the development process creates strains in the gelatin film which are relieved by splitting. The resultant cracks in the hologram manifest themselves in an obvious location, between the highly exposed planes of cross-linked gelatin. Photomicrographic evidence on Bragg-Lippmann and on plane gratings, liquid gate data, lack of thickness reciprocity for the gratings, and observations of grating thickness employing bandpass measurements comprise the bulk of the experimental work. From these data, a model is proposed that is consistent with all the experimental results for both Bragg-Lippmann and plane gratings.
Multi model adaptive industrial MPC controller (2007)

This paper presents an adaptive MPC controller using multi-model evaluation. The adaptation uses a set of models, switching strategy, and parameter interpolation. Interpolation is based on the integrated squared error assigned to every value of the model parameter. The adaptation of model parameters is performed sequentially, which results in fast evaluation of multiple models and improved convergence. The first order plus dead time models are applied. The adapted parametric model is used for generating step response applied in DMC-type controller. The controller is developed in a form that adaptation does not require matrix operations. This feature along with computing requirements comparable with PID controller makes possible MPC application on a basic control level as an alternative to PID. The adaptive MPC controller demonstrates substantial advantages as compared to the PID control --- an excellent response on set point changes for a wide range of process dynamics, comparable response on disturbances, more tolerance on adaptive model inaccuracy and additional functionality including split range and simple optimization.
<title>Active holographic interconnects for interfacing volume storage</title> (1992)

In order to achieve the promise of terabit/cm3 data storage capacity for volume holographic optical memory, two technological challenges must be met. Satisfactory storage materials must be developed and the input/output architectures able to match their capacity with corresponding data access rates must also be designed. To date the materials problem has received more attention than devices and architectures for access and addressing. Two philosophies of parallel data access to 3-D storage have been discussed. The bit-oriented approach, represented by recent work on two-photon memories, attempts to store bits at local sites within a volume without affecting neighboring bits. High speed acousto-optic or electro- optic scanners together with dynamically focused lenses not presently available would be required. The second philosophy is that volume optical storage is essentially holographic in nature, and that each data write or read is to be distributed throughout the material volume on the basis of angle multiplexing or other schemes consistent with the principles of holography. The requirements for free space optical interconnects for digital computers and fiber optic network switching interfaces are also closely related to this class of devices. Interconnects, beamlet generators, angle multiplexers, scanners, fiber optic switches, and dynamic lenses are all devices which may be implemented by holographic or microdiffractive devices of various kinds, which we shall refer to collectively as holographic interconnect devices. At present, holographic interconnect devices are either fixed holograms or spatial light modulators. Optically or computer generated holograms (submicron resolution, 2-D or 3-D, encoding 1013 bits, nearly 100 diffraction efficiency) can implement sophisticated mathematical design principles, but of course once fabricated they cannot be changed. Spatial light modulators offer high speed programmability but have limited resolution (512 X 512 pixels, encoding about 106 bits of data) and limited diffraction efficiency. For any application, one must choose between high diffractive performance and programmability.
Fine-scale features on bioreplicated decoys of the emerald ash borer provide necessary visual verisimilitude (2014)

The emerald ash borer (EAB), <i>Agrilus planipennis</i>, is an invasive tree-killing pest in North America. Like other buprestid beetles, it has an iridescent coloring, produced by a periodically layered cuticle whose reflectance peaks at 540 nm wavelength. The males perform a visually mediated ritualistic mating flight directly onto females poised on sunlit leaves. We attempted to evoke this behavior using artificial visual decoys of three types. To fabricate decoys of the first type, a polymer sheet coated with a Bragg-stack reflector was loosely stamped by a bioreplicating die. For decoys of the second type, a polymer sheet coated with a Bragg-stack reflector was heavily stamped by the same die and then painted green. Every decoy of these two types had an underlying black absorber layer. Decoys of the third type were produced by a rapid prototyping machine and painted green. Fine-scale features were absent on the third type. Experiments were performed in an American ash forest infested with EAB, and a European oak forest home to a similar pest, the two-spotted oak borer (TSOB), <i>Agrilus biguttatus</i>. When pinned to leaves, dead EAB females, dead TSOB females, and bioreplicated decoys of both types often evoked the complete ritualized flight behavior. Males also initiated approaches to the rapidly prototyped decoy, but would divert elsewhere without making contact. The attraction of the bioreplicated decoys was also demonstrated by providing a high dc voltage across the decoys that stunned and killed approaching beetles. Thus, true bioreplication with fine-scale features is necessary to fully evoke ritualized visual responses in insects, and provides an opportunity for developing insecttrapping technologies.
Deep sclerectomy: Safety and efficacy (2009)

Deep Sclerectomy is a non penetrating surgical procedure for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. In this article we will describe the surgical technique, the indications for surgery and will review the scientific literature on surgical outcome following this procedure. We will also discuss the important role played by antimetabolites, implants and the use of gonipuncture to achieve the desired IOP reduction.
Improved Battery Cycle Life Prediction Using a Hybrid Data‐Driven Model Incorporating Linear Support Vector Regression and Gaussian (2022)

The ability to accurately predict lithium-ion battery life-time already at an early stage of battery usage is critical for ensuring safe operation, accelerating technology development, and enabling battery second-life applications. Many models are unable to effectively predict battery life-time at early cycles due to the complex and nonlinear degrading behavior of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, two hybrid data-driven models, incorporating a traditional linear support vector regression (LSVR) and a Gaussian process regression (GPR), were developed to estimate battery life-time at an early stage, before more severe capacity fading, utilizing a data set of 124 battery cells with lifetimes ranging from 150 to 2300 cycles. Two type of hybrid models, here denoted as A and B, were proposed. For each of the models, we achieved 1.1 % (A) and 1.4 % (B) training error, and similarly, 8.3 % (A) and 8.2 % (B) test error. The two key advantages are that the error percentage is kept below 10 % and that very low error values for the training and test sets were observed when utilizing data from only the first 100 cycles.The proposed method thus appears highly promising for predicting battery life during early cycles.
Profile-guided deployment of stream programs on multicores (2012)

Because multicore architectures have become the industry standard, programming abstractions for concurrent programming are of key importance. Stream programming languages facilitate application domains characterized by regular sequences of data, such as multimedia, graphics, signal processing and networking. With stream programs, computations are expressed through independent actors that interact through FIFO data channels. A major challenge with stream programs is to load-balance actors among available processing cores. The workload of a stream program is determined by actor execution times and the communication overhead induced by data channels. Estimating communication costs on cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors is difficult, because data movements are abstracted away by the cache coherence protocol. Standard execution time profiling techniques cannot separate actor execution times from communication costs, because communication costs manifest in terms of execution time overhead. In this work we present a unified Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation that balances the workload of stream programs on cache-coherent multicore architectures. For estimating the communication costs of data channels, we devise a novel profiling scheme that minimizes the number of profiling steps. We conduct experiments across a range of StreamIt benchmarks and show that our method achieves a speedup of up to 4.02x on 6 processors. The number of profiling steps is on average only 17% of an exhaustive profiling run over all data channels of a stream program.