gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Charge Selectivity via Anodic-C60 Layer Reduces Nonradiative Losses in Organic Solar Cells (2021)

Interfacial layers in conjunction with suitable charge-transport layers can significantly improve the performance of optoelectronic devices by facilitating efficient charge carrier injection and extraction. This work uses a neat C<sub>60</sub> interlayer on the anode to experimentally reveal that surface recombination is a significant contributor to nonradiative recombination losses in organic solar cells. These losses are shown to proportionally increase with the extent of contact between donor molecules in the photoactive layer and a molybdenum oxide (MoO<sub>3</sub>) hole extraction layer, proven by calculating voltage losses in low- and high-donor-content bulk heterojunction device architectures. Using a novel in-device determination of the built-in voltage, the suppression of surface recombination, due to the insertion of a thin anodic-C<sub>60</sub> interlayer on MoO<sub>3</sub>, is attributed to an enhanced built-in potential. The increased built-in voltage reduces the presence of minority charge carriers at the electrodes-a new perspective on the principle of selective charge extraction layers. The benefit to device efficiency is limited by a critical interlayer thickness, which depends on the donor material in bilayer devices. Given the high popularity of MoO<sub>3</sub> as an efficient hole extraction and injection layer and the increasingly popular discussion on interfacial phenomena in organic optoelectronic devices, these findings are relevant to and address different branches of organic electronics, providing insights for future device design.
A Particle-Based COVID-19 Simulator with Contact Tracing and Testing (2020)

Abstract Goal The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as the most severe public health crisis in over a century. As of January 2021, there are more than 100 million cases and 2.1 million deaths. For informed decision making, reliable statistical data and capable simulation tools are needed. Our goal is to develop an epidemic simulator that can model the effects of random population testing and contact tracing. Methods Our simulator models individuals as particles with the position, velocity, and epidemic status states on a 2D map and runs an SEIR epidemic model with contact tracing and testing modules. The simulator is available on GitHub under the MIT license. Results The results show that the synergistic use of contact tracing and massive testing is effective in suppressing the epidemic (the number of deaths was reduced by 72%). Conclusions The Particle-based COVID-19 simulator enables the modeling of intervention measures, random testing, and contact tracing, for epidemic mitigation and suppression. Impact Statement Our particle-based epidemic simulator, calibrated with COVID-19 data, models each individual as a unique particle with a location, velocity, and epidemic state, enabling the consideration of contact tracing and testing measures.
A Facile and Modular Synthesis of Phosphinooxazoline Ligands (2007)

The copper(I) iodide catalyzed phosphine/aryl halide coupling procedure of Buchwald et al. provides modular, robust, and scaleable access to phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. The advantages of this method are highlighted by the convenient synthesis of PHOX ligands with varied steric and electronic properties, which would be challenging to synthesize by other protocols.
Role of Protein Kinase-C in Thymocyte Apoptosis Induced by Irradiation (1992)

The role of protein kinase C in radiation-induced death of thymocytes was studied. For this purpose murine thymocytes were irradiated and incubated for 6 h at 37 degrees C and afterwards the fraction of fragmented DNA was measured. Results indicate that radiation-induced DNA fragmentation can be prevented by adding the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 or staurosporine to the thymocytes during incubation time. Incubation of irradiated cells with HA-1004, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, with a minor effect on protein kinase C did not affect the DNA fragmentation induced by irradiation. Incubation of cells with phorboldibutyrate gave a dose-dependent induction of DNA fragmentation. This effect can be inhibited by staurosporine. These results suggest that radiation-induced DNA fragmentation is an active cellular process in which protein kinase C plays an important role.
The parasitic reaction during the MOCVD growth of AlInN material (2012)

For observation of parasitic reaction effect during InAlN material growth by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), the growth parameters include temperature and pressure had been varied to investigate it. The pressure would be kept at 50torr, 100torr and 150torr and temperature was varied from 700 °C to 780 °C by 20 °C step in each growth pressure. The experimental results appeared that higher pressure gave rise to more serious parasitic reaction during material growth. It made the less Al atoms incorporate into the AllnN. In addition the 100-torr growth pressure shows the best efficiency of Al atom incorporation compare with other two growth pressures. By the AFM analysis, the morphology of Al0.82In0.18N grown with three different pressures was also examined.
Phase Equilibria between SiO2 and Iron-Chromite Spinel Structure Solid Solution, and Deoxidation of Liquid Fe-Cr Alloy with Silicon. (2002)

Oxygen control in liquid stainless steel production is extremely important for the removal of impurities and improvement of Cr yield. Precise information on the thermodynamics of oxygen in liquid Fe–Cr alloy is necessary for this purpose. The equilibrium relation between dissolved Cr and O in liquid iron saturated with pure solid Cr2O3 or FeO·Cr2O3 solid solution and thermodynamic behavior of FeO·Cr2O3 solid solution had been established in our previous works. Following these studies, the deoxidation equilibrium of Si in liquid Fe–Cr alloy was thermodynamically discussed in this paper. Mutual solubility between SiO2 and (Fe, Mg)O·(Cr, Al)2O3 solid solution was observed at 1573 and 1873 K, in order to know the activity of SiO2 coexisted with Cr2O3 based oxide solid solution after Si deoxidation of liquid Fe–Cr alloy. It was found that Si deoxidation equilibrium of liquid Fe–Cr alloy could be thermodynamically evaluated based on unit activity of SiO2 due to negligibly small mutual solubility between SiO2 and FetO–Cr2O3 based solid solution. As the result, the deoxidation power of Si would not enough high to produce low oxygen high Cr steel because of the attraction between Cr and Si in liquid iron.
Evaluation of projection‐ and dual‐energy‐based methods for metal artifact reduction in CT using a phantom study (2018)

The SE iMAR was the best choice for the hip and knee prostheses, while DE Mono+ at high keV was best for dental implants and DE iMAR Mono+ was best for spine and shoulder prostheses. Artifacts were also introduced by MAR algorithms.
The relative ease of removing a proton, a hydrogen atom, or an electron from carboxamides versus thiocarboxamides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe relative ease of removing a proton, a hydrogen atom, or an electron from carboxamides versus thiocarboxamidesF. G. Bordwell, Donald J. Algrim, and John A. HarrelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5903–5904Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1190Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of the Six Sigma concept for quality assessment of different strategies in DBS surgery† (2018)

The Six Sigma principle can be simply used to analyze, improve and compare complex medical processes, particularly, the DBS surgery. Based on these data, higher sigma values were reached for clinical improvement in UPDRS III on/on for patients who underwent surgery in local anesthesia with intraoperative test stimulation compared to surgery in general anesthesia. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Application of MER was found to be optional with no increased bleeding risk and no improvement on patient's outcome.
From photons to the laser microtools (1999)

In everyday life we perceive light as a gentle physical entity. Using light to destroy or to transport objects — sometimes even in the interior of a closed room — appears to be a matter of science fiction. Surprisingly, it is science, almost lab routine — at least in the world of microscopy. Light can be used as a quasi-mechanical working tool.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION PRODUCT OF 3,3‐DICHLORO‐2‐METHYL‐PROPENAL AND PIPERIDINE (1973)

Abstract 3,3‐Dichlor‐propenal (I) und Piperidin (II) reagieren zu den isomeren Kondensaten (III) und (IV).
Structural differences between B and F subtypes of HIV PR (2005)

Recent studies suggest that a novel second messenger, cyclic d-GMP (c-diGMP), is extensively used by bacteria to control multicellular behaviour. This cyclic dinucleotide is synthesised by the diguanylate cyclase (DGC) domain in a reaction that converts two GTP into one c-diGMP and two pyrophosphates. The DGC domain contains a highly conserved GG(D/E)EF sequence motif, and occurs in various combinations with sensory / regulatory domains in bacteria.
Entanglement and squeezing in a two-mode system: theory and experiment (2004)

We report on the generation of non separable beams produced via the interaction of a linearly polarized beam with a cloud of cold cesium atoms placed in an optical cavity. We convert the squeezing of the two linear polarization modes into quadrature entanglement and show how to find out the best entanglement generated in a two-mode system using the inseparability criterion for continuous variable [Duan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2722 (2000)]. We verify this method experimentally with a direct measurement of the inseparability using two homodyne detections. We then map this entanglement into a polarization basis and achieve polarization entanglement.
A CASE OF BREAST CANCER WITH RECURRENCE TO THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 27 YEARS AFTER MASTECTOMY (2009)

症例は62歳，女性．35歳時当科にて左乳癌に対し，定型的乳房切除術を施行した．皮膚および胸筋に浸潤し，また腋窩リンパ節転移を認めたため，cyclophosphamideならびに5FUによる術後補助化学療法を2年間行った．今回は半年前頃よりの湿性咳を主訴に来院された．胸部CTにて，前縦隔に5cm大の腫瘤を認めた．FDG-PETでは同部位ならびに胸骨柄左側にFDGの集積がみられた．前縦隔腫瘍と胸骨柄より各々CTガイド下生検を施行，ともに乳癌の再発との結果であった．ER(1+)，PR(－)，HER2(1+)．まずは両病変に対し，放射線照射60Gyを行った．照射野に関しては12カ月後においても良好に制御されていたが，新たに左肩甲骨と右肋骨に骨転移の出現を認めたため，化学療法を開始した．再発時期および部位ともに，極めて稀な症例と思われたので，若干の文献的考察を加え報告する．
Structure and thermal motion of triphenylboroxin (1987)

Abstract : The molecular dimensions determined are very similar to those found previously for the related hydrocarbon 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, but the conformations of the two molecules differ. The phenylrings in the hydrocarbon adopt a propeller-like arrangement, while in the boroxin they are nearly coplanar with the central 8303 ring. Possible relationships between thermal-motion descriptions and the intramolecular potential-energy surfaces for these two compounds are considered. Keywords: Boroxin, X-ray crystal structure, Benzenes.
Generalized H/sub 2//H/sub infinity / robust controller for adaptive control applications (2002)

An H/sub 2//H/sub infinity / controller is derived for adaptive control applications based upon a generalized LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) controller. The closed-loop system is shown to be robust in a particular limiting case, where H/sub infinity / properties are optimized and the system is represented in an uncertain ARMAX form. A stability robustness lemma is derived which shows that a particular H/sub infinity / cost-index must be minimized to optimize robustness properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of radioassay and haemagglutination methods for anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies. (1978)

Parallel measurements of circulating anti-thyroid microsomal (anti-M) antibodies by radioassay and haemagglutination were performed on subjects with or without thyroid disorders. Three-quarters (75.4%) of control subjects had undetectable antibody levels (less than 10 u/ml) by radioassay and only 3.1% had concentrations of greater than or equal to 75 u/ml. Abnormally elevated levels (greater than or equal to 75 u/ml) were found in most of the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (94.1%) or idiopathic myxoedema (86.7%), in the majority (75.0%) of those with Graves' disease and only in a minority of those with other thyroid disorders. The percentage of positive sera by haemagglutination was very similar in all groups to that of abnormal values observed in the radioassay. Direct comparison of parallel tests on a total of 631 sera revealed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) between the two methods, but elevated antibody titres by haemagglutination were found in some sera with negative radioassays. All these sera were from a single patient with thyroid carcinoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and had elevated levels of anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies. Evidence that such discrepancies were due to anti-Tg antibodies reacting with microsomal-bound Tg was provided by the demonstration that the haemagglutination produced by these sera could be completely inhibited by the addition of Tg. A similar inhibition was observed with two rabbit antisera to human Tg, but not with sera from patients with thyroid autoimmune disorders containing high levels of anti-microsomal anti-bodies.
Investigation of the photoelectrochemical effect in optoelectrodes and potential uses for implantable electrode characterization (2013)

The combination of optical stimulation and electrical recording is commonly employed in neuroscience research. Researchers using optogenetics are familiar with the photo-induced "artifacts" that arise from illumination of an electrode array. We sought to characterize this photoelectrochemical (PEC) effect to understand the underlying mechanism seen on NeuroNexus optoelectrodes. In doing so, we discovered that the phenomenon is inversely proportional to electrode site area in the same manner as electrical impedance measurements. We have applied the PEC effect as a method of electrode evaluation and show that a PEC measurement system can be both faster and more effective than impedance at sensing defects in high-throughput biomedical device testing.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE DEVICE FOR HOME MONITORING OF SNORING (2005)

Snoring analysis is important for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). Snoring has traditionally been assessed in clinical practice from subjective accounts by the snorer and his/her partner. The use of polysomnographic recording is a standard evaluation procedure for SRBD patients. However, it is expensive and is not suitable for long term monitoring. This paper describes the development of a portable microcontroller based device for long-term, home monitoring of snoring. By analyzing the temporal feature of the snoring sound, this device can output the total snoring count, average number of snores per hour, and the number of intermittent snoring. In our tests, the average success rate in identifying snores is over 85% in a lab environment and around 70% in a home.
3-D Motion Estimation for Visual Saliency Modeling (2013)

Visual saliency is a probabilistic estimate of how likely a spatial area in an image or video frame is to attract human visual attention relative to other areas. When existing bottom-up saliency models aggregate low-level features to construct a plausible saliency map, only 2-D motion cues are used as motion features, even though videos typically capture dynamic 3-D scenes. In this paper, we introduce 3-D motion into bottom-up saliency modeling for texture-plus-depth videos. We first propose an efficient 3-D motion estimation algorithm, which computes a 3-D motion vector (3DMV) for each sub-block in the frame. Using the computed 3DMVs, we then derive several saliency channels (called 3DMV channels), which are incorporated into a bottom-up saliency model to obtain enhanced saliency maps. Experiments tracking human gaze show that incorporating our 3DMV channels into bottom-up saliency model significantly improves the accuracy of derived saliency maps.
Abstract 10.55 PLATELET-RICH PLASMA VS. FETAL BOVINE SERUM IN ENGINEERING OF AXIALLY-VASCULARIZED OSTEOGENIC GRAFTS FROM HUMAN ADIPOSE-DERIVED CELLS TO TREAT AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF BONE (2018)

INTRODUCTION: Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) leads to sclerosis and collapse of bone and joints. Engineered, axially vascularized, human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell based osteogenic constructs have been shown to revitalize necrotic bone of clinically-relevant size in a challenging rat model of AVN. To reduce regulatory difficulties towards clinical translation, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was substituted by thrombin-activated platelet-rich plasma (tPRP). METHODS: SVF cells from 5 lipoaspirate were isolated and cultured onto porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds within a perfusion-based bioreactor system for 5 days. The medium was supplemented either with 10% FBS or 10% tPRP. The resulting constructs were inserted into devitalized bone cylinders mimicking AVN-affected bone. A ligated vascular bundle was inserted upon subcutaneous implantation of constructs in nude rats. After 1 and 8 weeks, vascularization and bone formation were analyzed. RESULTS: After 1 week, neither maximal distance of vessels from the bundle nor vascular density was significantly different. However, FBS cultured grafts revealed significantly more human vessel (hCD34) and osteoclasts compared to tPRP cultured grafts. Overall macrophages and M2 macrophages were not different between FBS and tPRP cultured grafts. After 8 weeks in vivo, 3/5 samples from FBS culture and 1/5 sample from tPRP culture showed bone formation. Roughly 40% of the osteocytes were of human origin (36% from FBS and 42% from tPRP culture). DISCUSSION: Despite promising results in literature, replacement of FBS by tPRP resulted in a reduced capacity of bone formation in our series. Further studies are necessary to analyze and improve the low bone formation capacity, possibly caused by the heterogeneity of the SVF donors and tPRP samples.
Synthesis of Stable Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Particles in the Presence of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (2004)

The synthesis of polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a cellulose derivative, was carried out by emulsion polymerization using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). First, the complex formation between CTAB and CMC was studied by surface tension measurements. The polymerization condition chosen was that corresponding to CMC chains fully saturated with CTAB and to the onset of pure surfactant micelle formation, namely, at 0.25 mmol L-1 CTAB and 1.0 g L-1 CMC. The hybrid particles were characterized by ζ potential and light scattering measurements and scanning electron microscopy. All dispersions were stable in the ionic strength of 2.0 mol L-1 NaCl at least for 4 days. The colloidal stability was attributed to the presence of a hydrated CMC layer around the particles. The present procedure brings the advantage of synthesizing and stabilizing particles with functional groups on the surface in a one-step method using very small amounts of surfactant, a friendly condition for the environment.
Reliability-Based Assessment of Scour Below Spillways (2012)

The available equations for scour prediction below spillways are mostly deterministic in nature, which do not consider uncertainties of various scouring parameters adequately. A reliability-based assessment of the scour in such situations is of paramount importance in examining the relationship between safety factor and reliability, which are considered to be the key parameters for decision-making in the foundation design. In this paper, a methodology for the reliability assessment of scour downstream of a spillway has been presented using a Spreadsheet-Cell-Object-Oriented Algorithm (SCOOA) for the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). To study the influence of various random variables on the reliability against scouring sensitivity analysis has been carried out. To achieve desirable safety level in the design of the structure foundation reliability based safety factors have also been proposed. The influence of correlation among the random variables on the reliability has also been studied.
Pharmacological inhibition of acid sensing ion channel 1a protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury (2019)

Abstract Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a proton-gated channel that is activated by tissue acidosis. We utilized genetic loss of function to demonstrate that ASIC1a mediates the injury response to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We show that pharmacological inhibition of ASIC1a affords cardioprotection across a range of rodent and human models of cardiac ischemia, resulting in improved cardiac viability and functional recovery post-IRI. Consistent with this data, we show that polymorphisms in the ASIC1 gene locus are associated with myocardial infarction and small-vessel stroke in humans. This study provides compelling evidence that ASIC1a is a novel target for cardioprotective drugs that could reduce the burden of disease associated with myocardial ischemia.
Percutaneous Microcompression of the Trigeminal Ganglion for Elderly Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia and Putients with Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia. (2000)

Percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion (PMTG) was performed in nine elderly patients (> 70 years) with trigeminal neuralgia and six patients with atypical neuralgia under short-acting anesthesia using propofol. Two patients had postherpetic neuralgia and two had postoperative neuralgia following removal of a posterior fossa neurinoma. Four patients had recurrent neuralgia following microvascular decompression (MVD). PMTG provided complete relief in 10 patients and the other five patients reported at least 50% improvement. No major complications occurred. PMTG is effective for typical trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients, patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia, and patients with recurrence after MVD.