gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Implication of Low Back Pain and Its Severity in Young Male Soldiers of Republic of Korea (2016)

Objective: Low back pain is common in South Korean soldiers, due to their arduous military training and physical activity. The aim of this study is to determine factors affecting the degree of low back pain in young male soldiers including objective radiological findings. Methods: From November 2014 to March 2015, 262 patients with recently developed symptoms were enrolled. The patients completed a questionnaire. Questionnaire and information from MRI, X-ray and computed tomography images were reviewed. The VAS-LBP, VAS-RP, and ODI were evaluated to assessment the degree of symptoms. All patients were males in their 10 s and 20 s (range 18-28 years). Results: All patients were males in their 20 s (median age 21 years, range 18-28 years). Military rank included private soldiers (n=29, 12.3%), private first-class (n=93, 39.4%), corporals (n=63, 26.7%), sergeants (n=38, 16.1%), and executive members over officers (n=13, 5.5%). Symptoms, other risk factors, and radiologic findings were compared. We could not reach statistically significant result for any risk factors for degenerative lumbar disc disorder. Military rank was negatively related with the degree of pain, although there was no difference of severity of degenerative lumbar disc disorder between each rank. Conclusion: Military rank was a considerable social factor associate with the degree of low back pain in young male soldiers. Careful evaluation and treatment with systematic management of soldiers with low back pain seems prudent.
Sodium caseinates — composition and properties of different preparations (1988)

A number of samples of commercially available spray‐dried and roller‐dried caseinates have been compared with freshly prepared caseinate from the laboratory. The compositions of the materials were measured using chromatography, and their calcium susceptibilities were determined using turbidity measurements. The chromatographic analysis showed that the commercial caseinates differed substantially from the fresh material, especially in the regions where α‐casein and α s2 ‐caseins were eluted. The fresh caseinate was more affected by the presence of calcium ions than the others, and there were also differences between the individual spray‐dried caseinates in this respect. The roller‐dried caseinates were very insensitive to the presence of calcium ions.
USE OF THIOL ACIDS IN PEPTIDE SEGMENT COUPLING IN NON‐AQUEOUS SOLVENTS (1981)

Methods for preparing protected peptide thiol acids by solution and solid-phase procedures have been developed. The coupling of boc-Gly-Ala-SH to polymer-bound Leu was effected with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (FDNB), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and heat. In each case, the resulting H-Gly-Ala-leu-OH was analyzed for the content of H-Gly-D-Ala-Leu-OH (Izumiya test). The sensitivity of the test (0.1% epimer) was increased to 0.003% by developing a double chromatographic procedure involving partition chromatography prior to ion-exchange chromatography. The amounts of DL epimer found in the H-Gly-Ala-Leu-OH for the various tests were (solvent and temperature in parentheses): DCC (CH2Cl2, 0 degrees), 0.012%; DCC (DMF, 24 degrees),0.04%; FDNB (DMF, 24 degrees), 0.53%; NBS (DMF, 24 degrees), 0.46%, heat (DMF, 60 degrees), 0.86%. Under the same conditions conventional couplings of Boc-Gly-Ala-OH gave: DCC (DMF, 24 degrees), 16.5%; DCC/1-hydroxybenzotriazole (DMF, 24 degrees), 0.13%. In a competitive coupling of equimolar amounts of Boc-Gly-Ala-SH and Boc-Gly-Ala-OH with DCC in DMF the level of DL epimer was 0.21%, indicating that the thiol acid can be selectively coupled in the presence of carboxyl groups. In a variation of the test Boc-Gly-Leu-SH coupled with DCC (CH2Cl2, 0 degrees) to resin bound Ala with an epimer level of 0.05%.
A New Trust Model for Improved Identity Privacy in Cellular Networks (2012)

Cellular networks have evolved through various generations, starting with 1G, followed by 2G and then by 3G, cellular networks have come a long way. A recent technology that has marked the beginning of 4G is Long Term Evolution (LTE). While transmission technologies, authentication mechanisms, confidentiality protection, etc., improved significantly through the generations, not much has improved with regards to the subscriber's identity privacy, and LTE is no exception. Much of this could be due to the trust model adopted in these networks. Introduction of sensitive services like mobile-banking, mobile-commerce, etc., has increased the importance of identity privacy by many folds. Identification of threats like location tracking and comprehensive profiling -where data about movement, usage, etc., of a subscriber is amassed and linked to his/her identity to explore various attacks -is quite alarming. In this paper, we propose a new trust model for strengthening identity privacy in cellular networks; it has an additional capacity to enhance interoperability among different cellular operators. We also propose a security extension that adopts this trust model to improve identity privacy and interoperability in LTE. A formal analysis of the extension proves that it meets its security goals.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma: A case harboring EGFR mutation treated with EGFR‐TKIs (2018)

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a very rare type of primary lung cancer with an aggressive clinical course. Few reports have documented therapeutic options for PPC with EGFR mutations. Herein, we report a case of PPC with EGFR mutation treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A 65-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with L858R point mutation in exon 21. Despite treatment with erlotinib, the patient died after two weeks as a result of rapid disease progression. Postmortem examination indicated that the thoracic tumors consisted primarily of spindle/sarcomatous components, while expression of the mutated EGFR protein was only observed in adenocarcinoma components. We speculate that the tumor was not driven by EGFR mutation. Clinicians should bear in mind the possibility of pleomorphic carcinoma if EGFR-TKI treatment fails to achieve a clinical response for adenocarcinoma harboring an activating EGFR mutation diagnosed on the basis of small biopsy specimens.
To deliberate, remember; to anticipate, forget: Cognitive deliberation profiles underpinning active forgetting-dependent everyday-like memory performance in young and aged mice (2023)

Abstract Recalling a specific past episode that will enable us to decide which action is suited to a given present situation is a core element of everyday life. A wealth of research has demonstrated that such selective remembering is dependent upon a capacity to inhibit or provisionally ‘forget’ related yet inappropriate memory episodes which could orient behavior in unwilled directions. Everyday-like memory (EdM) refers to this type of common organizational mnemonic capacity, known to deteriorate significantly with age, putatively as a result of decline in the cognitive capacity for selective inhibition or ‘active forgetting’. Moreover, this memory retrieval-concomitant active forgetting comes at the cost of genuine amnesic weakening of the inhibited episodes, a phenomenon referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). In the present study, we introduce a novel characterization of our previously validated mouse model of EdM in terms of the existing active forgetting and RIF literature. We also introduce novel behavioral analyses of the deliberation processes elicited by EdM challenge and use detailed multi-factorial explorations to reveal how these processes are impacted by age, temporal retention demand, difficulty of EdM challenge, and anticipation of trial outcome. Our observations indicate that deliberation requires remembering while accurate anticipation—in which a critical age-related deficit is also observed—requires active forgetting. Our results represent a significant advance towards unifying our understanding of the neurocognitive processes underpinning everyday-like memory, RIF, mnemonic deliberation, anticipatory function, and how they all are impacted by the physiological ageing process. In parallel, we present preliminary results using a transgenic mouse model which point to a fundamental role for the endocannabinoid system (eCS) in active forgetting and EdM, thereby demonstrating that deeper investigation of previously characterized age-related decline of the eCS should be a pre-clinical priority with a view to developing treatments for age-related decline of EdM function.
Automatically Detecting Boolean Operations Supported by Search Engines, Towards Search Engine Query Language Discovery. (2004)

Each Web search engine provides query language through which it can communicate with its users and retrieve corresponding results to user queries. Supporting Boolean operations is a major characteristic of the query language. In this paper, we propose a novel, fully automatic, query probing based approach to identify what Boolean operations that are supported by a search engines and their corresponding syntaxes. Experiments show high effectiveness and efficiency. Along with this, we also provide a Web application called SE-BOSS (Search Engine Boolean Operation Scanning System) for interested users.
Reflexive gap junctions. Gap junctions between processing arising from the same ovarian decidual cell. (1976)

Ajacent processes on ovarian decidual cells were shown by electron microscopy to form gap junctions with one another. Micrographs of tissues preserved with lanthanum included in the fixative confirm the hexagonal array and 2-4 nm gap which characterize gap junctions. It is suggested that these gap junctions may play a role in the process of merocrine secretion from the peduncular processes of ovarian decidual cells. The term reflexive gap junction is introduced to describe gap junctions between adjacent processes from the same cell.
Performance driven bus buffer insertion (1996)

In this paper, we propose a heuristic algorithm for a given topology of a multisource multisink bus to reduce the signal delay time. The algorithm minimizes the delay by inserting buffers into the candidate locations and sizing the buffers. When compared with the traditional method of source driver sizing, experiments show up to 7.2%, 20.7%, and 29.6% improvement in delay for 2.0, 0.5, and 0.3 /spl mu/m technologies, respectively.
Delivery of Biologics for Angiogenesis and Myogenesis (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Overview Electromagnetic-guided Myocardial Injection Delivery of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Myoblast Implantation During CABG Surgery Intracoronary Injection Complications New Techniques References
Interleukin 1 receptors on rabbit articular chondrocytes: relationship between biological activity and receptor binding kinetics (1990)

This study gives an account of the biologic and kinetic binding properties of interleukin 1 alpha (IL 1 alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta), and Glu-4 (an NH2-terminal mutant of IL 1 beta) to interleukin 1 (IL 1) receptors in rabbit articular chondrocytes. All three IL 1's demonstrated full agonist properties in their ability to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. IL 1 alpha was 23-fold more biologically active than IL 1 beta, which was around 110-fold more active than Glu-4 based on the concentration of IL 1 required for half-maximal stimulation of PGE2. The binding of all three ligands was concentration-dependent and saturable at 4 degrees C. Scatchard analysis of receptor binding data showed that the dissociation constant (KD) of IL 1 alpha was 46 +/- 12 pM, and the receptor density was 3120 sites/cell. The association of IL 1 alpha at 4 degrees C did not attain equilibrium until after 10 h at 100 pM of 125I-labeled IL 1 alpha. The dissociation of bound IL 1 alpha was very slow, t1/2 of 21 h, although only one class of high-affinity receptors was detected. The KD of IL 1 beta binding was 72 +/- 3 pM with a receptor density of 800 +/- 40 sites/cell. Dissociation of bound 125I-labeled IL 1 beta at 4 degrees C appeared to indicate the presence of two receptor subsets, a fast and a slower component with a t1/2 of 2 min and 5 h, respectively. The receptor binding affinity of Glu-4 was 324 +/- 3 pM, in line with its reduced biologic activity. Both IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta are rapidly internalized in chondrocytes in a time- and temperature-dependent manner.
Legible Cities: Focus-Dependent Multi-Resolution Visualization of Urban Relationships (2007)

Numerous systems have been developed to display large collections of data for urban contexts; however, most have focused on layering of single dimensions of data and manual calculations to understand relationships within the urban environment. Furthermore, these systems often limit the userâs perspectives on the data, thereby diminishing the userâs spatial understanding of the viewing region. In this paper, we introduce a highly interactive urban visualization tool that provides intuitive understanding of the urban data. Our system utilizes an aggregation method that combines buildings and city blocks into legible clusters, thus providing continuous levels of abstraction while preserving the userâs mental model of the city. In conjunction with a 3D view of the urban model, a separate but integrated information visualization view displays multiple disparate dimensions of the urban data, allowing the user to understand the urban environment both spatially and cognitively in one glance. For our evaluation, expert users from various backgrounds viewed a real city model with census data and confirmed that our system allowed them to gain more intuitive and deeper understanding of the urban model from different perspectives and levels of abstraction than existing commercial urban visualization systems.
Supplementary Material for: Mortality Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2016)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with higher mortality in the general population. We studied the associations between COPD and death among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients along with reporting cause-specific death data. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included 56,960 patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD who were followed in a large health care system. Associations between COPD and all-cause mortality and various causes of death (respiratory deaths, cardiovascular deaths, malignancy-related deaths and deaths due to other reasons) were studied using the Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 56,960 CKD patients, 4.7% (n = 2,667) had underlying COPD. Old age, presence of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and smoking were associated with higher risk for COPD. During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, 15,969 patients died. After covariate adjustment, COPD was associated with a 41% increased risk (95% CI 1.31-1.52) for all-cause mortality, and fourfold increased risk (sub-hazard ratio 4.36, 95% CI 3.54-5.37) for respiratory-related deaths. In a sensitivity analysis that was performed by defining COPD as the use of relevant International Classification of Diseases-9 codes and medications used to treat COPD, similar results were noted. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> COPD is associated with higher risk for death among those with CKD, and an underlying lung disease accounts for significant proportion of deaths. These data highlight the need for further prospective studies to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions to improve outcomes in this population.
Design and simulation of a RISC-based 32-bit embedded on-board computer (2002)

This paper presents the design and simulation method for developing a RISC-based 32-bit embedded on-board computer. Instead of the conventional bread-boarded prototype: 1) we used the Cadence EDA environment and Logic Modeling hardware simulator to verify the conceptual design. (2) An Aptix FPCB was used to implement the first-version hardware system. (3) A simple but effective self-made ICE (In-Circuit Emulator) was used to perform target system verification while software was running on an IDT 79S381 Evaluation Board. The whole hardware system was first simulated conceptually under an EDA environment, and then was simulated with the basic software codes. This method is effective in an embedded system design.
Antenna-in-Package Design Based on Wafer-Level Packaging With Through Silicon Via Technology (2013)

In this paper, a CPW-fed antenna-in-package (AiP) operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) based on a wafer-level packaging technology with through silicon via (TSV) interconnections is proposed, designed, and measured. The designed antenna consists of two-stacked high-resistivity silicon (HRSi) substrates. One is the bottom HRSi substrate with thickness of 750 μm, which carries the slot radiator and the CPW feeding. The other one is the top HRSi substrate with thickness of 200 μm carrying a patch, which is placed on the radiating element for antenna gain and efficiency improvement. The vertical interconnects in this structure are designed using the TSVs built on a HRSi wafer, which are designed to carry the radio frequency (RF) signals up to mmWave. RF path transitions are carefully designed to minimize the return loss within 10 dB in the frequency band of concern. The designed AiP is fabricated and measured, and the measured results basically match the simulation results. It is demonstrated that a wider bandwidth and less-sensitive input impedance versus the fabrication process accuracy are obtained with the designed structure in this paper. The measured results show the radiation in the broadside of the structure with gain around 2.4 dBi from 76 to 93 GHz.
Metal–Organic Framework-Based Nanoplatform for Intracellular Environment-Responsive Endo/Lysosomal Escape and Enhanced Cancer Therapy (2018)

Nowadays, efficient endo/lysosomal escape and the subsequent release of drugs into the cytosol are the major obstacles for nanoplatform-based cancer therapy. Herein, we first report a metal-organic framework-based nanoplatform (doxorubicin@ZIF-8@AS1411) for intracellular environment-responsive endo/lysosomal escape and enhanced cancer therapy. In our system, the nanoplatform was first targeted toward the cancer cells. Then, it was entrapped in endo/lysosomes, where pH-responsive decomposition occurred and abundant Zn ions were released. The released Zn ions could induce an influx of counterions, promote reactive singlet oxygen (ROS) generation to rupture the endo/lysosomal membrane, and accelerate the release of anticancer drugs in the cytosol. Finally, the released drugs and the generation of ROS could synergistically enhance cancer therapy. With excellent biocompatibility, effective endo/lysosomal escape, and enhanced therapeutic effect, the novel drug delivery systems are supposed to become a promising anticancer agent for cancer therapy and bring more opportunities for biomedical application.
Anaerobic treatment of gasifier effluents. Final report (1985)

An evaluation of the technical feasibility of using the completely mixed, expanded-bed granular activated carbon (GAC) anaerobic filter for the treatment of real and synthetic coal gasification wastewaters is presented. The treatment of both coal gasification wastewaters revealed that inhibition to the biological processes occurred after the breakthrough of some of the compounds present in the wastewaters. This inhibition was controlled through the use of a carbon replacement schedule. A fraction of the GAC medium was periodically withdrawn from the anaerobic filter and replaced with virgin activated carbon. This strategy appeared to be effective in maintaining the effluent levels of the toxic compounds at below inhibitory concentrations. 54 refs., 30 figs., 20 tabs.
Effect of ZrO2 on the alkali resistance and mechanical properties of basalt fibers (2012)

We have studied the effect of zirconia additions on the properties of basalt glasses and fibers. The solubility limit of ZrO2 in basalt glasses is determined to be 7.1 wt %. Fibers produced from modified basalt glass contain both tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia. The highest ZrO2 concentration in basalt fibers is 3.1 wt %. We have determined the fiber drawing temperature ranges and assessed the tensile strength and alkali resistance of the fibers. With increasing ZrO2 content, the tensile strength of the fibers (d = 11−12 μm) decreases from 1.8 to 0.6 GPa. The addition of less than 3.1 wt % ZrO2 increases the alkali resistance of the basalt fibers by 37%. The addition of more than 3.1 wt % ZrO2 to the glass batch reduces the alkali resistance and tensilestrength of the basalt fibers.
Security and source code access: issues and realities (2002)

This paper addresses some of the benefits and drawbacks for security of open access to source code. After a discussion of alternative models for open access to source code, the paper reviews the positive and negative implications of each for system security. The paper concludes that source code review can have real benefits for security, but that those benefits are not realized automatically, and that some source code access models introduce significant drawbacks.
The Influence of Propranolol on the Thyrotropin Receptor (1977)

Propranolol, a beta adrenergic blocking drug, is known to inhibit the thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation of adenosine-3’,5’-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) production in thyroid membranes but the mechanism of this inhibitory action is unknown. We have therefore investigated the influence of propranolol on the binding of I25I-labelled TSH to human thyroid membranes. Both d- and 1-propranolol were found to enhance the binding of 125I-labelled TSH to thyroid membranes. The amount of label bound increased from about 30% in the absence of propranolol to about 60% in the presence of 3.3 × 10−3M propranolol. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated that propranolol increased the association constant of the thyrotropin-thyrotropin receptor interaction. Practolol, lithium carbonate, methimazole, and somatostatin had no effect on thyrotropin binding. This effect of propranolol appeared to be due to a direct reversible action of propranolol on the thyroid membranes and could be attributed to the membrane-disrupting properties of the drug rather than its beta-blocking activity. The increased TSH receptor occupancy which resulted from the increased association constant of the TSH-thyroid membrane interaction corresponded with a decrease in TSH-stimulated cyclic AMP formation. These data could indicate that propranolol reduced the efficiency of the receptoradenylyl cyclase coupling system.