gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Compliant Boundaries on Weakly Nonlinear Shear Waves in Channel Flow (1990)

There exists a critical Reynolds number (at which a linear instability first appears) for an incompressible fluid flowing in a channel with compliant walls (Hams and Price [Phys. Fluids, 5 (1962), p. 365]). It is proven that, for fixed nondimensionalized wall parameters, to any unstable disturbance in three dimensions there corresponds an unstable disturbance in two dimensions at a lower Reynolds number. Consequently, the Ginzburg–Landau equation is used to study the weakly nonlinear two-dimensional evolution of a disturbance in a channel with compliant walls for Reynolds number near its critical value. The coefficients of this equation are found by numerically integrating solutions of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation and its adjoint as well as solutions of the perturbation equations. For rigid walls the finite amplitude two-dimensional plane wave solution that bifurcates from laminar Poiseuille flow at the critical Reynolds number is itself unstable to two-dimensional disturbances. It is found that for sufficiently compliant walls this solution is stable to disturbances of the same type. The formalism developed by Landman [Stud. Appl. Math., 76 (1987), pp. 187–237] is used to study a class of quasisteady solutions to the Ginzburg–Landau equation. This class includes solutions describing a transition from the laminar solution to finite amplitude states and nonperiodic, “chaotic” attracting sets. It is shown that for sufficiently compliant walls the transition solutions persist while the “chaotic” ones do not.
The discovery, development and clinical applications of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (1998)

The story of the discovery, development and applications of G-CSF illustrates many of the best features of modern laboratory and clinical investigation. The initial discovery of the CSFs was somewhat serendipitous. The pathway to understanding the cellular and molecular base for the action of these substances was long, but fruitful and exciting for those who pursued it tirelessly. The power of modern molecular biology is illustrated by the rapid advances which followed the cloning of the G-CSF gene. Major advances in our understanding of the regulation of neutrophil production and deployment have followed, together with many important clinical observations. To date hundreds of thousands of patients have been treated with G-CSF and some individuals with severe chronic neutropenia have received daily therapy for more than ten years. Results of recent studies suggest that there will be many more interesting and important clinical applications for G-CSF.
Demonstration of high contrast in 10% broadband light with the shaped pupil coronagraph (2007)

The Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) is a high-contrast imaging system pioneered at Princeton for detection of extra-solar earthlike planets. It is designed to achieve 10<sup>-10</sup> contrast at an inner working angle of 4&#955;/D in broadband light. A critical requirement in attaining this contrast level in practice is the ability to control wavefront phase and amplitude aberrations to at least &#955;/10<sup>4</sup> in rms phase and 1/1000 rms amplitude, respectively. Furthermore, this has to be maintained over a large spectral band. The High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) is a state-of-the-art facility for studying such high contrast imaging systems and wavefront control methods. It consists of a vacuum chamber containing a configurable coronagraph setup with a Xinetics deformable mirror. Previously, we demonstrated 4x10<sup>-8</sup> contrast with the SPC at HCIT in 10% broadband light. The limiting factors were subsequently identified as (1) manufacturing defects due to minimal feature size constraints on our shaped pupil masks and (2) the inefficiency of the wavefront correction algorithm we used (classical speckle nulling) to correct for these defects. In this paper, we demonstrate the solutions to both of these problems. In particular, we present a method to design masks with practical minimal feature sizes and show new manufactured masks with few defects. These masks were installed at HCIT and tested using more sophisticated wavefront control algorithms based on energy minimization of light in the dark zone. We present the results of these experiments, notably a record 2.4×10<sup>-9</sup> contrast in 10% broadband light.
Nanoparticle Vesicles Through Self Assembly of Cyclodextrin‐ and Adamantyl‐Modified Silica (2010)

Stable nanoparticle vesicles were for the first time prepared from adamantyl- and cyclodextrin (CD)-modified silica nanoparticles forming host-guest interactions in aqueous solution. Adamantyl-functionalized nanoparticles were obtained from thiol-isocyanate reaction of thiol-modified nanoparticles with 1-adamantyl isocyanate. The CD modified silica particles were isolated from a reaction of mono-6-para-toluenesulfonyl-β-cyclodextrin with the thiol functionalized silica under microwave conditions in basic media. The obtained particles were characterized in respect of agglomeration and self-assembly behavior in aqueous solution by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The found vesicle structures are exceptionally stable even after evaporation of water. Such inorganic hollow spheres formed through self-assembly processes may be important for chemical storage and transport. The technique of chemically-driven assembly is an attractive option to form useful complex structures by tunable agglomeration.
Phase separation of Myc differentially modulates the transcriptome (2022)

Abstract Dysregulation and enhanced expression of MYC transcription factors (TFs) including MYC and MYCN contribute to the majority of human cancers. For example, MYCN is amplified up to several hundred-fold in high-risk neuroblastoma. The resulting overexpression of N-myc aberrantly activates genes that are not activated at low N-myc levels and drives proliferation and cell survival. Whether increasing N-myc levels simply mediate binding to lower-affinity binding sites in the genome or fundamentally changes the activation process remains unclear. One such activation mechanism that could become important above threshold levels of N-myc is the formation of aberrant transcriptional condensates through phase separation. Phase separation has recently been linked to transcriptional regulation, but how strongly it contributes to gene activation remains unclear. Here we characterized the phase behavior of N-myc and showed that it can form dynamic condensates that bear the hallmarks of transcriptional activity. We tested the contribution of phase separation to N-myc-mediated gene expression by using a chemogenetic tool that allowed us to compare non-phase-separated and phase-separated conditions at identical N-myc levels, which both showed a strong impact on gene expression compared to no N-myc expression. However, we found that only a small fraction of &lt;3% of N-myc-regulated genes is further affected by phase separation, but that these events include the activation of key oncogenes and the repression of tumor suppressors. Indeed, phase separation increases cell survival by ∼15% corroborating the biological effects of the transcriptional changes. However, our results also show that &gt;97% of N-myc-regulated genes are not affected by N-myc phase separation, highlighting that transcription can be activated effectively by diffuse complexes of TFs with the transcriptional machinery.
Full-Process Operation, Control, and Experiments of Modular High-Frequency-Link DC Transformer Based on Dual Active Bridge for Flexible MVDC Distribution: A Practical Tutorial (2016)

DC transformer (DCT) will be the key device for medium-voltage dc (MVDC) power distribution system. This paper gives a practical tutorial on full-process operation, control, and experiments for application of DCT based on dual active bridge in flexible MVDC distribution system. The operation of DCT for MVDC distribution is designed to three modes: MVDC, low-voltage dc (LVDC), and power control modes. Three optimal modulation methods during startup, steady, and transient processes are proposed which can reduce current impact in practice. A full-process control strategy during operation state is proposed to achieve flexible control and fast management of voltage and power in MVDC distribution system, especially an optimal balance control during block process is proposed to reduce power losses. On this basis, a fault-handling solution is proposed to improve reliability of DCT in practice, and a hardware design method is proposed to enhance flexibility and modularity. Finally, an industrial prototype is built, and comprehensive experiments verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed solution. The practical application of DCT in MVDC distribution are expected, and the exploration of this study could provide valuable references for the practical DCT design.
Changing Faces of Network Capitalism in Korea: A Case of Corporate Board of Directors’ Network (2008)

The concept of network capitalism among scholars was coined to capture unique characteristics of East Asian market (Gerlarch and Lincoln 1992; Biggart and Hamilton 1992). The goal of this paper is to examine the changing faces of network capitalism in Korea after the economic crisis in 1997 particularly focusing on the composition of corporate board of directors. Our research questions are: (1) Has the “homophily” rule of group composition dominant in the boardroom prior to the economic crisis shifted to “functional” rule after the economic crisis?; (2) What types of firms, if any, rely on homophily more heavily than others? Major findings of our paper are summarized as the following. First, corporate boardrooms in Korea are still dominated by directors who graduated from top-tier high schools and universities. We also have observed high levels of concentration of directors representing specific schools and regions. The analyses of inequality of high school, college, and region measured by Gini indices and their dominance ratios show that a strong “homophily” effects still operate in the boardroom of Korean firms throughout the observed period. Second, the homogeneity of board members began to decline before the economic crisis, but it increased as firms overcome financial difficulties. Third, larger firms tend to have a higher level of heterogeneity in the boards of directors. Older firms also have lower level of homophily in the board. And lastly, debt ratio has the significant and positive relationships with all three dominance ratios.
Increased group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2activity in lungs of sheep after smoke inhalation injury (1999)

Increased phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured in cytosolic fractions of lungs from sheep exposed to smoke from burning cotton or to synthetic smoke consisting of carbon and acrolein, a cotton smoke toxin. Three peaks of PLA2 activity were identified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. The heparin-nonbinding PLA2 activity was twofold higher in the extracts from lungs exposed to smoke than in normal lungs. This activity was identified as the group IV 85-kDa cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2). The activities of the forms of PLA2 that bound to heparin did not change after smoke exposure. Those activities showed a pH optimum of 9.0, required a millimolar Ca2+ concentration for full activity, and were inhibited by 5 mM dithiothreitol. One activity eluted at an NaCl concentration typical for group Ib and V PLA2 and had the expected substrate specificity. The other form of lung PLA2 that bound heparin was a group II PLA2. Lung myeloperoxidase activity increased progressively with increased exposure to smoke. cPLA2 was identified in sheep neutrophils. With 30 breaths of smoke exposure, there was an increase in cPLA2 activity without a difference in immunoreactivity on Western blot, indicating that the increased activity was not due to increased amounts of protein. In conclusion, smoke induces increases in resident lung cell cPLA2 activity that is likely responsible for eicosanoid production, leading to lung inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
Benchmarking in vitro tissue-engineered blood–brain barrier models (2018)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in regulating transport into and out of the brain. With increasing interest in the role of the BBB in health and disease, there have been significant advances in the development of in vitro models. The value of these models to the research community is critically dependent on recapitulating characteristics of the BBB in humans or animal models. However, benchmarking in vitro models is surprisingly difficult since much of our knowledge of the structure and function of the BBB comes from in vitro studies. Here we describe a set of parameters that we consider a starting point for benchmarking and validation. These parameters are associated with structure (ultrastructure, wall shear stress, geometry), microenvironment (basement membrane and extracellular matrix), barrier function (transendothelial electrical resistance, permeability, efflux transport), cell function (expression of BBB markers, turnover), and co-culture with other cell types (astrocytes and pericytes). In suggesting benchmarks, we rely primarily on imaging or direct measurements in humans and animal models.
An Introduction to Receptors and Receptor Disorders (1979)

In the last decade reliable methods have been introduced to quantitate and characterize receptors for hormones and other biologically interesting ligands. Applied initially to hormone receptors on malignant cells and to androgen-resistant and insulin-resistant states, these methods have led to the identification of many disease processes where the receptor plays an important role. This includes not only endocrine-related diseases but also neurological, metabolic, infectious, and immune disorders as well.
Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Modeling of Single Crystal Niobium Tensile Tests with Weighted Dynamic Hardening Rule (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Developing the Crystal Plasticity Model Calibrating the Model Proposed Dynamic Hardening Rule Weighted Hardening Rule Conclusion
Minimalinvasive periazetabuläre Umstellungsosteotmomie - ein neuer Zugang (2020)

Fragestellung Die periazetabuläre Umstellungsosteotomie (PAO) ist eine etablierte Therapiemethode bei der chirurgischen Behandlung der Hüftdysplasie des jungen Erwachsenen. Sie ist jedoch mit einem relevanten Weichteiltrauma assoziiert. In der klassischen Variante des Zugangs werden u. a. der M. rectus femoris von der Spina iliaca anterior inferior und der M. sartorius von der Spina iliaca anterior superior abgelöst. Eine bereits beschriebene weniger-invasive Variante (WIS) verzichtet auf die Ablösung des M. rectus femoris. Wir entwickelten eine minimal-invasive Technik (MIS), die auf die Ablösung des M. rectus femoris und des
Spectral imaging microscopy web sites and data (2006)

The Internet is enabling greater access to spectral imaging publications, spectral graphs, and data than that was available a generation ago. The spectral imaging systems discussed in this issue of Cytometry work because reagent and hardware spectra are reproducible, reusable, and provide input to spectral unmixing and spectral components recognition algorithms. These spectra need to be readily available in order to determine what to purchase, how to use it, and what the output means. We refer to several commercially sponsored and academic spectral web sites and discuss our spectral graphing and data sites. Sites include fluorescent dye graph servers from Invitrogen/Molecular Probes, BD Biosciences, Zeiss/Bio-Rad Cell Sciences, and filter set servers from Chroma Technology and Omega Optical. Several of these sites include data download capabilities. Recently, two microscope manufacturers have published on their web sites transmission curves for select objective lenses-crucial data for anyone doing multiphoton excitation microscopy. Notable among the academic sites, PhotoChemCAD 2.0 has over 200 dyes and a downloadable database/graphing program, and the USC-A Chemistry UV-vis Database displays absorption spectra of many dyes and indicators used in clinical histology and pathology. Our Fluorescent Spectra graphing/calculator site presents dyes, filters, and illumination data from many of these and additional sources. PubSpectra is our free download site which uses Microsoft Excel files as standardized human/machine readable format with over 2,000 biomedical spectra. The principle that data is not subject to copyright provides a framework in which all scientific data should be made freely accessible.
Melatonin administration in diabetes: regulation of plasma Cr, V, and Mg in young male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (2013)

The use of melatonin, a neurohormone present in plants, represents an exciting approach for the maintenance of optimum health conditions. Melatonin administration ameliorates glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin in diabetes in relation to the levels and regulation of plasma chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and magnesium (Mg) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean (ZL) rats. At the age of 6 weeks, ZDF (n = 30) and ZL (n = 30) groups were each subdivided into three groups: control (C) (n = 10), vehicle-treated (V′) (n = 10) and melatonin-treated (M) (10 mg kg−1 per day; n = 10) groups for a 6 week period. After treatment, plasma mineral concentrations were measured by flame (Mg) and electrothermal (Cr and V) atomic absorption spectrometry. No significant differences were found between the C and V′ groups (p > 0.05). Plasma Mg levels were significantly lower in C-ZDF vs. C-ZL rats, demonstrating the presence of hypomagnesemia in this diabetes mellitus model. Plasma V and Cr levels were significantly higher in M-ZDF vs. C-ZDF rats. Plasma Mg levels in ZDF rats were not affected by melatonin treatment (p > 0.05). Melatonin administration ameliorates the diabetic status of ZDF rats by enhancing plasma Cr and V concentrations. This appears to be the first report of a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment on plasma Cr and V regulation in ZDF rats.
Developing compact multiphoton systems using femtosecond fiber lasers (2009)

We implement a fiber-delivered compact femtosecond fiber laser at 1,030-nm wavelength in multiphoton imaging. The laser pulse duration is 150 fs, the average power is 200 mW, and the repetition rate is 40 MHz. The laser measures 200 x 160 x 45 mm in size and its output is delivered through a photonic bandgap fiber. Intrinsic second-harmonic generation signal is excited from rat tail tendon and human skin samples. Two-photon excited fluorescence signal is obtained from human skin tissues stained with exogenous fluorophore. Our results show that femtosecond fiber lasers at 1030-nm wavelength have significant potential in developing compact, all-fiber-based, portable multiphoton systems and endoscopes.
Geostatistical Modeling of Lower Cotton Valley Sands in the Carthage Field, Panola County, Texas, Optimizes Placement of Horizontal Wells (2007)

Reservoir properties in lower Cotton Valley sands are commonly modeled using summed properties over an entire reservoir interval. As a result, insufficient detail often misleads the industry’s idea of reservoir quality, resulting in less than optimum well placement and limits the ability to predict well performance accurately. In this paper, the authors illustrate how to use existing log curves to determine high resolution properties laterally by using geostatistics and honoring all available control points. This method produces the reservoir description that is required to optimize well placement, particularly horizontal well placement, and to quantify their true economic benefit. This study focuses upon the use of the approach mentioned above to locate the areas of better quality Cotton Valley reservoirs for horizontal well placement. The authors investigated the vertical and lateral variation of lower Cotton Valley sands, CV5 through CV6. CV5A is the uppermost reservoir underlying middle Cotton Valley sands. CV5 sands are stacked, upper shoreface barrier islands with associated back bay and lower shoreface facies. The incised CV6 sands vary in thickness and quality. CV6 lies directly beneath the CV5B and above the Bossier Shale. Detailed log analysis began the process. Geostatistical modeling of the final log interpretation was next. Vertical layering of the model using variogram analysis enabled a detailed representation of petrophysical property variations. Maps of rock quality (gas porosity, net pay to gross, and permeability) were made for each of the subdivisions within CV5 and CV6, revealing stratigraphic variations previously unseen in Cotton Valley studies. Reservoir pressure maps from simulation added information regarding remaining reserve potential. Results showed that CV5 and CV6 contain stratigraphic variations that, when considered, help optimize horizontal well placement as already proven by some operators in the area. Indeed, the performance of some of these wells supports our conclusion that the detailed study of CV5 and CV6 will provide a source of additional Cotton Valley gas potential which can be maximized through horizontal drilling.
Lack of Systemic Anaphylaxis and Aeroallergen–Induced Airway Plasma Extravasation in Allergic Immunoglobulin–Deficient Mice (1999)

The present data are evidence that immunoglobulins are crucial for the development of immediate (type 1) responses. These findings together with our previous observations on late-phase pulmonary responses suggest that immediate hypersensitivity processes are unimportant for development of the late phase inflammation in the respiratory tract of mice.
Multi-scale quantification and modeling of aged nanostructured silicon-based composite anodes (2020)

Advanced anode material designs utilizing dual phase alloy systems like Si/FeSi<sub>2</sub> nano-composites show great potential to decrease the capacity degrading and improve the cycling capability for Lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Here, we present a multi-scale characterization approach to understand the (de-)lithiation and irreversible volumetric changes of the amorphous silicon (a-Si)/crystalline iron-silicide (c-FeSi<sub>2</sub>) nanoscale phase and its evolution due to cycling, as well as their impact on the proximate pore network. Scattering and 2D/3D imaging techniques are applied to probe the anode structural ageing from nm to μm length scales, after up to 300 charge-discharge cycles, and combined with modeling using the collected image data as an input. We obtain a quantified insight into the inhomogeneous lithiation of the active material induced by the morphology changes due to cycling. The electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries does not only depend on the active material used, but also on the architecture of its proximity.
Discussion (1950)

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Evaluation of new non-toxic corrosion inhibitors for conservation of iron artefacts (2010)

AbstractThe anticorrosion performances of new non-toxic inhibitors based on carboxylic acids extracted from vegetable oil have been evaluated for the protection of iron artefacts. Electrochemical measurements and natural aging tests have demonstrated the efficiency of those inhibitors in the context of temporary treatments. Surface analysis coupled with in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure experiments has revealed that their anticorrosion properties are correlated to the precipitation at the metal surface of a protective layer made of iron carboxylate.Keywords: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSIONCULTURAL HERITAGEPROTECTIONIRON CARBOXYLATECORROSION INHIBITOR