gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics of Transgenerational Transmission of In Utero Nicotine‐Induced Asthma (2012)

Whether the in utero nicotine‐induced asthma risk is transmitted transgenerationally, and whether PPARγ agonists have any effect on this transmission risk are not known. Time‐mated Sprague Dawley rat dams received either placebo or nicotine from day 6 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 21. Following delivery, at PND21, pulmonary function tests, trachea tension studies, and expression levels of contractility proteins in the lungs and tracheas of generation 1 (F1), F2, and F3 rats were determined. As the putative basis for the transgenerational (TG) effect of nicotine on asthma, epigenetic changes in the lungs and gonads of the F1 offspring and the preventive effect of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) on these epigenetic changes and TG asthma risk were determined. In comparison to the control group, with perinatal nicotine exposure only to F0 rats, 1) F1 through F3 pups demonstrated the asthma phenotype in a gender‐specific manner, with more pronounced effects in males, along with global DNA methylation increase in the testes, decrease in the ovaries, without any change in the lung. All of these changes were blocked by RGZ administration during the perinatal period. (Grant Support: HL75405, HD51857, HD058948, HL55268, and 17RT‐0170).
Automated building generalization based on urban morphology and Gestalt theory (2004)

Building generalization is a difficult operation due to the complexity of the spatial distribution of buildings and for reasons of spatial recognition. In this study, building generalization is decomposed into two steps, i.e. building grouping and generalization execution. The neighbourhood model in urban morphology provides global constraints for guiding the global partitioning of building sets on the whole map by means of roads and rivers, by which enclaves, blocks, superblocks or neighbourhoods are formed; whereas the local constraints from Gestalt principles provide criteria for the further grouping of enclaves, blocks, superblocks and/or neighbourhoods. In the grouping process, graph theory, Delaunay triangulation and the Voronoi diagram are employed as supporting techniques. After grouping, some useful information, such as the sum of the building's area, the mean separation and the standard deviation of the separation of buildings, is attached to each group. By means of the attached information, an appropriate operation is selected to generalize the corresponding groups. Indeed, the methodology described brings together a number of well-developed theories/techniques, including graph theory, Delaunay triangulation, the Voronoi diagram, urban morphology and Gestalt theory, in such a way that multiscale products can be derived.
Abstract 16184: Lamin A Deficiency Leads to Electrophysiological and Nuclear Abnormalities Reminiscent of Atrial Cardiomyopathy in Zebrafish (2020)

Introduction: Mutations in the lamin A/C ( LMNA ) gene have been causally linked to atrial arrhythmias and cardiac conduction disease (CCD) in young adults. However, the mechanism by which the laminopathy leads to perturbed cardiac electrophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that protein-truncating variants in LMNA will impair the mechano-protection force in the nuclear envelope and will lead to early-onset cardiomyocyte degeneration and CCD. Methods: In a multi-regional registry of early-onset CCD and atrial fibrillation in Japan, we performed whole-exome DNA sequencing of 23 probands. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated indels of candidate gene homologues in zebrafish and characterized cardiac physiology using optical mapping technology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Among all probands, our study revealed four rare nonsense variants in the nuclear protein-coding genes. We focused on a LMNA protein-truncating variant, c.339dupT (p.K114X fsX1), and created a variant in the zebrafish lmna that produced a similar truncation. Lmna -/- zebrafish larvae showed shortened atrial action potential duration (APD) (msec.) compared to wild-type controls (162 ± 19 vs 227 ± 79, p&lt;0.05), while conduction velocities (CV) did not vary between the genotypes. In contrast, the atrioventricular canal of lmna -/- embryos exhibited prolonged APD (399 ± 51 vs 322 ± 47, p&lt;0.05) and slower CV (mm/sec.) (0.37 ± 0.12 vs 0.57 ± 0.12, p&lt;0.05) than controls. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that atrial cardiomyocytes of embryonic lmna -/- zebrafish displayed significantly decreased cell numbers and smaller cell size compared to those of controls, which in turn developed into abnormal nuclear structures in adult. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lamin A is a prerequisite for proper atrial cardiomyocyte morphology in embryonic zebrafish, and is indispensable for correct cardiac electrophysiology and -conduction.
Conversion of SPORL pretreated Douglas fir forest residues into microbial lipids with oleaginous yeasts (2016)

Sugars were extracted from Douglas fir residues using SPORL pretreatment and cellulases. The sugars were converted to lipids producing a titer of 13.4 g l<sup>−1</sup> in 3 d using a 2-stage culture.
Benzidin‐Umlagerung in vielgliedrigen Ringsystemen (1979)

Abstract Die sterische Beeinflußbarkeit der Benzidin‐Umlagerung wird an zwei gegensätzlichen Beispielen ( 1 → 2 und 3 → 4 ) untersucht: A. Wanderung eines Benzolkerns aus einem 12‐gliedrigen Ringsystem heraus, B. Knüpfung des Biphenylsystems in einem sterisch gespannten Cyclus. Beide Umlagerungen führen zu den gewünschten Benzidinen 2 bzw. 4 , letztere verläuft jedoch mit wesentlich geringerer Ausbeute und führt zu einer Reihe von Nebenprodukten. syn ⇌ anti ‐Konformationsänderungen im 12‐gliedrigen Ringsystem laufen jeweils parallel. Die Umlagerungen scheinen nur über die ungehinderte Seite des Ringsystems zu verlaufen. Die Benzidin‐Umlagerung erweist sich als geeignete Methode zur Synthese intraanular phenyl‐substituierter Ringverbindungen.
Closed-Loop Learning Control Using Coprime Factorization Approach. (1993)

In this paper, we propose a new design method for a learning control system. The objectives of this paper are to enhance the tracking performance of learning controllers and to suppress disturbances acting on a plant. The structure of the learning controller is based on the parametrization of all stabilizing controllers, which is called Youla parametrization. The design procedure is divided into two steps. First, we design a basic controller using the LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) method and consider the parametrization based on the LQG controller. Then, we adjust the free parameter to obtain good tracking performance by the learning algorithm. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of Antiglaucoma Agents on Glycosaminoglycans in Organ-Cultured Rabbit Trabecular Meshwork (1994)

The effect of antiglaucoma drugs on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the rabbit trabecular meshwork (TM) was studied by organ culture and sequential enzymatic degradation (SED). Whole TM explants from one rabbit eye were dissected into 8 parts, then divided into control, epinephrine-, timolol- and pilocarpine-treated groups. After 2 weeks of culture, and incubation with medium containing radiolabeled precursors for 48 h, GAGs of the TM were isolated and subjected to SED. Treatment with epinephrine significantly reduced the hyaluronic acid and increased the chondroitin sulfate in radiolabeled precursor incorporation rate (p < 0.001). Other drugs had little effect. Thus, epinephrine appeared to influence the biosynthesis of GAGs of rabbit TM.
Time to consider abolition of the Senate (2013)

On November 6, 2013 the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan Assembly voted to repeal the Senate Nominee Election Act. Immediately thereafter the Premier introduced a motion that the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan supports the abolition of the Senate of Canada. Following speeches by the Premier, the Leader of the Opposition and other members the motion was adopted. The Government House Leader then asked the Speaker to transmit copies of the motion and verbatim transcripts to the Prime Minister of Canada and the leaders of the opposition parties in the House of Commons, as well as the premier of each Canadian province and territory. This article is a slightly abridged version of the Premier�s speech on the motion.
The effect of the nano-silica support on the catalytic reduction of water by gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles – nanocomposite reactivity (2014)

Pt°-NPs, prepared by the reduction of Pt(IV) salts with borohydride, do not catalyse the reduction of water in the presence of the strongly-reducing ˙C(CH3)2OH radicals. However, supporting the same metal nanoparticles (M°-NPs) with SiO2 alters the catalytic properties enabling the reaction. This effect depends both on the nature of M° and concentration of the composite nanoparticles. At low nanocomposite concentration: for M = Au nearly no effect is observed; for M = Ag the support decreases the catalytic reduction of water and for M = Pt the support initiates the catalytic process. At high nanocomposite concentration: for M = Au the reactivity is considerably lower and for M = Ag or Pt no catalysis is observed. Furthermore, for M = Ag or Pt H2 reduces the ˙C(CH3)2OH radicals.
Microwave‐assisted depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [PET] at atmospheric pressure (2006)

Abstract Microwave‐assisted hydroglycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using an excess of methanol, ethanol, 1‐butanol, 1‐pentanol, and 1‐hexanol in the presence of different simple basic catalysts, namely, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, and zinc acetate, is reported. Reactions were performed at short times without any side reactions, namely, oxidation of ethylene glycol. The products terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol were obtained in their pure form with sufficiently high yields with potassium hydroxide. The purified product was characterized by IR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The process of hydroglycolysis reported here is economically viable since yields of recycled products are high, and it has potential for further improvement to produce useful products. This process is of economic interest because much of the raw materials can be recovered and used for virgin PET resin synthesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:242–246, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/adv.20080
High-performance mussel-inspired adhesives of reduced complexity (2015)

Despite the recent progress in and demand for wet adhesives, practical underwater adhesion remains limited or non-existent for diverse applications. Translation of mussel-inspired wet adhesion typically entails catechol functionalization of polymers and/or polyelectrolytes, and solution processing of many complex components and steps that require optimization and stabilization. Here we reduced the complexity of a wet adhesive primer to synthetic low-molecular-weight catecholic zwitterionic surfactants that show very strong adhesion (∼50 mJ m(-2)) and retain the ability to coacervate. This catecholic zwitterion adheres to diverse surfaces and self-assembles into a molecularly smooth, thin (<4 nm) and strong glue layer. The catecholic zwitterion holds particular promise as an adhesive for nanofabrication. This study significantly simplifies bio-inspired themes for wet adhesion by combining catechol with hydrophobic and electrostatic functional groups in a small molecule.
Molecular‐Modeling Based Design, Synthesis, and Activity of Substituted Piperidines as γ‐Secretase Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Complex building description and extraction based on Hough transformation and cycle detection (2011)

A simple but robust approach for complex building description and extraction from high-resolution remotely sensed imagery based on graph-based shape representation is proposed. Classical approaches for building extraction usually involve a complex grouping process of low-level primitive features and are not robust in the presence of noise. To overcome these drawbacks, this approach presents an efficient and robust solution by integrating edges and regions. First, a region segmentation method is applied to obtain the approximate shape of the building. Second, Hough transformation is employed to derive the two perpendicular line sets corresponding to the building boundary. Third, a subset of the intersectional nodes of the two line sets is utilized to construct a building structural graph, based on the analysis of grey value difference between the two sides of each line segment. Finally, a graph search algorithm is performed to retrieve all the cycles in the structural graph. The cycle corresponding to the building boundary is identified as the final building outline on the basis of its area. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate and validate this approach and experimental results confirm its effectiveness and robustness.
Supplementary Table 4 from Clinicopathologic, Genomic, and Immunophenotypic Landscape of <i>ATM</i> Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 4. Baseline clinicopathologic features of patients with ATM mutated NSCLC according ATM protein expression by immunohistochemistry.&lt;/p&gt;
Object-based analysis-synthesis coding (OBASC) based on the source model of moving flexible 3-D objects (1994)

This correspondence investigates object-based analysis-synthesis coding (OBASC) for the encoding of moving images at very low data rates. According to the source model, each moving object of an image is described and encoded by three parameter sets defining its motion, shape, and surface color. The parameter sets of each object are obtained by model-based image analysis. They are coded by an object-dependent parameter coding. Using the coded parameter sets, an image can be synthesized by model-based image synthesis. Here, OBASC based on the source model of "moving flexible 3-D objects with 3-D motion" (F3D) is introduced. The efficiency of this source model F3D is compared to the efficiency of OBASC based on the source model of "moving rigid 3-D objects with 3-D motion" (R3D). Compared to R3D, F3D requires the additional transmission of flexible-shape parameters. Therefore, the source model F3D is only applied in those areas of the image which cannot be described by the source model R3D. The new source model F3D reduces the bit rate from 64 to 56 kb/s, providing the same picture quality measured by the SNR of the encoded color parameters.
Adjuvant Effect of Silica (Tridymite) on Antibody Production. (1962)

SummaryCrystalline silica particles (1-3 μ in diameter) were injected intravenously into rabbits and rats. At various intervals from 0 to 90 days the animals were immunized with ovalbumin or horse serum. Antibody production was greatly enhanced in silicatreated animals. The antibody titer was higher when the interval between silica and antigen injection was longer. Many more antibody-containing cells were observed in silica-treated animals. It is suggested that the adjuvant effect of silica is related to the proliferation of immunologically competent cells in the R.E.S. This might play a role in the pathogenesis of silicosis.
Mucosal effects of tenofovir 1% gel (2015)

Tenofovir gel is being evaluated for vaginal and rectal pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV transmission. Because this is a new prevention strategy, we broadly assessed its effects on the mucosa. In MTN-007, a phase-1, randomized, double-blinded rectal microbicide trial, we used systems genomics/proteomics to determine the effect of tenofovir 1% gel, nonoxynol-9 2% gel, placebo gel or no treatment on rectal biopsies (15 subjects/arm). We also treated primary vaginal epithelial cells from four healthy women with tenofovir in vitro. After seven days of administration, tenofovir 1% gel had broad-ranging effects on the rectal mucosa, which were more pronounced than, but different from, those of the detergent nonoxynol-9. Tenofovir suppressed anti-inflammatory mediators, increased T cell densities, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, altered regulatory pathways of cell differentiation and survival, and stimulated epithelial cell proliferation. The breadth of mucosal changes induced by tenofovir indicates that its safety over longer-term topical use should be carefully monitored.
Lung cancer screening: where have we been? Where are we going? (2015)

Recent evidence suggests that lung cancer screening with low-dose chest CT (LDCT) has a moderate net benefit on lung cancer mortality when applied to a high-risk population. This review article examines this evidence in light of the earlier failures of lung cancerscreening using chest radiography and/or sputum cytology. Harms associated with LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive results, false negative results, incidental findings, radiation exposure, and overdiagnosis. A number of issues related to implementation are unresolved.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐VINYLCYCLOPROPENE DERIVATIVES (1981)

Abstract Der durch Umsetzung des Acetylens (I) mit Diazoessigester in Gegenwart von Di‐Rh‐tetraacetat in guter Ausb. erhaltene Ester (III) läßt sich zum einen durch LiAlH 4 ‐Reduktion und Oxidation des Alkohols (II) in den Aldehyd (VIa), zum anderen durch Verseifung und Umsetzung der Säure (IV) mit Methyl‐Li in das Methylketon (VIb) überführen.
Assessment of Composite Aluminum Adhesive Joints Using Digital Image Correlation (2022)

Traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods present significant challenges to detecting and characterizing kissing or weak bonds in adhesively bonded structures. These kissing or weak bonds also cannot transmit shear stresses or handle complex loading modes and, if not detected, can present a significant threat to the structural integrity of the components or systems. This paper demonstrates the digital image correlation (DIC) technique for evaluating adhesively bonded dissimilar materials joints subjected to kissing or weak bonds. The study employed four adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastics and aluminum (CFRP-Al) lap-shear test coupons with varied bond quality (i.e., with no contamination and three simulated kissing bond defects). The novelty of the approach presented in this paper was that this technique could detect and demonstrate changes in the normal strain (εyy) contour map of the contaminated specimens at relatively lower load levels. This load level corresponds to 15% of the failure load for the silicone and hydraulic oil contaminated sample and around 30% for the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) contaminated sample. In addition, higher compressive strains along the overlap edges were observed in the strain map for the single lap joints due to the higher peeling stresses of the adherend and the stress concentration at the edges of an adhesively bonded joint.
Quantitative Characterization of DNA Films by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2003)

We describe the use of self-assembled films of thiolated (dT)25 single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold as a model system for quantitative characterization of DNA films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We evaluate the applicability of a uniform and homogeneous overlayer-substrate model for data analysis, examine model parameters used to describe DNA films (e.g., density and electron attenuation length), and validate the results. The model is used to obtain quantitative composition and coverage information as a function of immobilization time. We find that when the electron attenuation effects are properly included in the XPS data analysis, excellent agreement is obtained with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements for relative values of the DNA coverage, and the calculated absolute coverage is consistent with a previous radiolabeling study. Based on the effectiveness of the analysis procedure for model (dT)25 ssDNA films, it should be generally valid for direct quantitative comparison of DNA films prepared under widely varying conditions.
How to Use the IUPHAR Receptor Database to Navigate Pharmacological Data (2012)

Today's data-intensive, interdisciplinary research challenges scientists to keep up to date with key experimental techniques and tools reported in the literature. The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Database (IUPHAR-DB) goes some way to addressing this need by providing expert-curated information sourced from primary literature and displayed in a user-friendly manner online. The database provides a channel for the IUPHAR Nomenclature Committee (NC-IUPHAR) to provide recommendations on the nomenclature of receptors and ion channels, to document their properties and the ligands that are useful for receptor characterization. Here we describe IUPHAR-DB's main features and provide examples of techniques for navigating and exploring the information. The database is freely available online at http://www.iuphar-db.org/.
Twitter Marketing for Dummies (2009)

An introductory guide to effectively using Twitter to grow your business! The field of social media marketing is exciting, cutting-edge, and...open to almost anything! Twitter's style of quick remarks lends itself to a carefree, conversational tone, ripe for passing along a plug, sharing a suggestion, or referencing a recommendation. This fun and friendly book is an excellent first step for gaining insight on how to effectively use one of the most popular social media tools to expand the success of a business. In addition to covering the basics of Twitter, this easy-to-understand guide quickly moves on to techniques for incorporating a Twitter strategy into your marketing mix, combining new and old media, building your network, using Twitter tools, and measuring your success. Examines how Twitter's style for character-count caps and real-time posting allows for unique marketing opportunities Analyzes several real-world examples of successful strategies for marketing on Twitter Discusses ideas for promoting brands on Twitter, building a following, communicating better with followers, and driving traffic to a Web site Shares the top Twitter applications So get chirping and put Twitter to work for your marketing needs today!