gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEA Preparation for Direct Formate/Formic Acid Fuel Cell—Comparison of Palladium Black and Palladium Supported on Activated Carbon Performance on Power Generation in Passive Fuel Cell (2020)

Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with palladium catalysts were successfully prepared by using a home-made manual pressing system with Nafion glue application that contributed to a decrease of additional energy consumption. The catalyst coated membranes were prepared with supported palladium on activated carbon (PdC) and unsupported palladium black (PdB) for comparison. The performance of passive, air breathing, functioning under ambient conditions and with low concentration (1 M) formate/formic acid fuel cell was evaluated. Based on polarization curves, the best result was obtained with carbon supported catalyst and HCOOK fuel, achieving 21.01 mW/mg<sub>Pd</sub>. Still, constant current discharge with PdC showed an energy generation efficiency of 14% with HCOOH over 3% with HCOOK caused by lower potassium ion conductivity and its permeability through the proton exchange membrane. The faradic efficiency of conversion in the cell is equal to the overall energy efficiency and makes the cell self-sufficient.
Classifying Information Systems Risks: What Have We Learned So Far? (2013)

Understanding the risks caused by relying on information systems is an enduring research stream in the Information Systems (IS) discipline. With information systems becoming ubiquitous, IS risks permeate every aspect of life and effective risk mitigation increasingly requires a holistic structure. We use the largest and oldest publicly available risk collection to understand the developments of IS risks, its characteristics, and interdependencies. We review this data set using text mining techniques. Interestingly, we find that some types of IS risks tend to reoccur. We find that this database provides rich opportunities for learning from previous mistakes, which could help avoid similar problems in the future. Our contributions to theory includes a risk-taker's view on contemporary information systems, a differentiation between controllable and reoccurring risks, and the increased interconnection of IS risks. As implications for practice we provide a basis for learning from past IS risks and an initial structure.
Introduction (1984)

The object of a reader's guide is to present the work and thought of an author as clearly and simply as possible and to help the reader to a basic understanding of the texts themselves. In the case of Yeats's plays this is not an easy task, but it is certainly not impossible. Considering the aims of the present volume, its complex subject matter and the limitations of space, there is no opportunity for either originality or comprehensiveness. One can only hope to avoid being mystifying and tedious. The individual texts will be discussed as they appear in The Variorum Edition of the Plays of W. B. Yeats (1966) which is based on the author's last revisions and preferred sequence of titles. Yeats rewrote many of his plays over and over again during his life-time, but in so short a work as this little attention can be paid to the various revisions and stages of development through which each passed. Because of their secondary relevance to his own creative work, the adaptations from the Greek, Sophocles' King Oedipus (1928) and Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus (1934), are not dealt with, nor is Fighting the Waves (1934), a prose rewriting of The Only Jealousy of Emer which was not included in The Collected Plays of W. B. Yeats (1952). The initial dates given for the plays indicate first publication in the present revised form and not necessarily the year or order in which they were written. For purposes of comparison and clarification the date of the original publication is also supplied as well as that of the first performance during Yeats's lifetime.KeywordsSpiritual WorldCreative MindTemporal WorldSpiritual RealityLyric PoetryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Acceptability and feasibility of Strong & Deadly Futures, a culturally-inclusive alcohol and drug prevention program for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander secondary students (2022)

Although there are effective alcohol and drug prevention programs available for Australian secondary schools, no effective culturally-inclusive programs exist for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander students. To address this gap, we developed the Strong & Deadly Futures program for young people aged 12–14 years. The web-based program was developed with Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous staff and students at four secondary schools (2 urban, 2 rural). This mixed-methods study reports on qualitative and quantitative feedback from students (n ​= ​235) and school staff (n ​= ​8) in a pilot trial to assess acceptability and feasibility of this curriculum-aligned program. Feedback indicated that students were highly engaged and motivated to learn as a result of the story-based mode of delivery, and teachers reported the ease of program implementation and adaptation. Implications for future school-based health program development are discussed. Overall, Strong & Deadly Futures appears to be an acceptable and feasible culturally-inclusive alcohol and drug prevention program. Further research will test the program's efficacy in a randomised controlled trial.
Comparison of Two Digestive Techniques for Preparation of Vascular Elastic Networks for SEM Observation (1987)

Abstract Two digestion procedures are now available to expose and isolate networks of vascular elastic fibers for three‐dimensional SEM observation. This study was designed to observe and elucidate the differences between the two types of digestion (sodium hydroxide vs. formic acid) and the differences between the two types of dehydration (ethanol‐critical‐point drying vs. freeze drying) used in each procedure. Canine venous valve segments, containing delicate networks of elastic fibers, and femoral arteries, containing large elastic lamellae, were used to compare the effects of the digestion and dehydration procedures on two types of vessels with different content and organization of elastic tissue. Results indicated there was no significant difference in the architecture of the elastic networks of either vessel based on the method of digestion. The major architectural changes in the elastic networks occurred as a result of the dehydration procedure used following digestion. Freeze drying is probably the best for arterial specimens due to their prominent lamellae, which give added support to maintain their normal architecture. It is suggested that both methods of dehydration be used on corresponding venous specimens containing delicate elastic networks. In this way, the investigator can benefit from the advantages of each method and overcome their respective disadvantages to get a more accurate picture of the three‐dimensional architecture of these delicate networks.
Toward spectral-domain optical coherence tomography on a silicon chip (2013)

In-vivo imaging was demonstrated with a depth range of 1.4 mm and axial resolution of 7.5 µm by using a miniaturized spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system comprising an integrated spectrometer and a beam splitter.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Evolution of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans to DFSP-Derived Fibrosarcoma: An Event Marked by Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition–like Process and 22q Loss (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The imaging gallery demonstrates that the number of EZH2 immunolabelled nuclei parallels those decorated by Ki-67 in both FS-DFSP (left) and DFSP (right) cases.&lt;/p&gt;
Vitamin D2 as Adjunctive Therapy of Tuberculosis (OR15-04-19) (2019)

Despite the availability of effective antimicrobials, tuberculosis (TB) remains as a public health threat globally. There is a need for simple and inexpensive strategies to improve the treatment outcomes. The objective of our study was to deal with the potential use of vitamin D2 derived from sun-exposed oyster mushroom as adjunctive therapy to standard anti-TB treatment Randomized controlled trial was conducted on 64 pulmonary TB patients (32 assigned to intervention and 32 assigned to control) in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Intervention group was provided with a sandwich prepared from sun-exposed oyster mushroom containing 146 μg (5840 IU) vitamin D2 continuously from Monday to Friday during the first 16 weeks of anti-TB treatment. Blood and sputum specimens were taken at the beginning and end of the study. The primary outcomes were changes in vitamin D status, clinical improvements (assessed by TB score and Karnofsky performance status scale) and immunologic responses. Sputum smear and culture conversion were evaluated as secondary outcomes. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Vitamin D2 intervention brought significant difference of 8.1 ± 6.2 ng/mL (95% CI: 5.9 to 10.3 ng/mL) in the serum 25(OH)D level and corrected vitamin D deficiency in more than 35% of TB patients. After intervention, 96.9% vs 21.5% of TB patients found in TB score SC-I and had mean ± SD of Karnofsky performance status scale of 80.3 ± 6.9% vs 64.7 ± 5.7% in the intervention group vs control group, respectively. IFN-g and cathelicidin LL-37 levels were showed significant improvement solely in the intervention group. the changes in the IL-4 and IL-10 levels were insignificant and sputum smear culture conversion was not achieved in both groups. Vitamin D2 derived from sun-exposed oyster mushroom was effective in improving vitamin D status, clinical outcomes and immune responses. And hence, it could serve as potential, safe, easily available and cost-effective adjunctive therapy for TB. None.
USCi SiC JFET Cascode and Super Cascode Technologies (2018)

This paper presents an in-depth tutorial of the UnitedSiC cascode and supercascode technologies. The 1200V/650V UnitedSiC cascodes feature an easy-to-use gate drive, high-performance integrated body diodes, and low switching loss, and are suitable for hard and soft switching applications, including OBC (Totem-pole PFC) and DC-DC (LLC) in electric vehicles. For higher voltage applications (>3kV), the unique super cascode technology provides cost and performance superiority over traditional solutions.
Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Flexible and High‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by Integrated Three‐In‐One Fibrous Membranes (Adv. Energy Mater. 38/2019) (2019)

In article number 1902001, Kai Xi, Wei Yan, Shujiang Ding and co-workers develop an integrated three-in-one membrane for flexible and high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Such a structure effectively drives synergistic boosts to polysulfide confinement, electron transfer and Li+ diffusion. As a result, the integrated membrane achieves excellent battery performance under different folded states and high sulfur loading of 13.2 mg cm−2, highlighting its great practical significance for the future development of high-energy wearable and portable devices.
Myeloid cell populations and fibrogenic parameters in bleomycin‐ and HOCl‐induced fibrosis (2016)

Mouse models resembling systemic sclerosis can be chemically induced by application of bleomycin or hypochloric acid (HOCl). To date, little is known about inflammatory cells and their potential role in scleroderma (Scl)-related fibrosis. Therefore, we compared both Scl models to define the early immune cell subsets in relation to fibrosis-related parameters. Both agents induced a significant increase in dermal thickness and collagen deposition after 4 weeks, as hallmarks of Scl. However, clinical skin thickness, densely packed, sirius red-stained collagen bundles and collagen cross-links were more pronounced in HOCl-induced Scl. In parallel, there was a significant upregulation of procollagen α1(I), α-SMA and TGF-β transcripts in HOCl animals, whereas IL-1β and MMP-13 mRNA levels were significantly increased in bleomycin-treated mice. Flow cytometric analysis of the Scl skin demonstrated an early cellular infiltrate containing mainly CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD11c<sup>+</sup> DC and CD11b<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells, the latter ones being significantly more prominent after HOCl injection. Subanalysis revealed that Scl mice exhibited a significant increase of inflammatory myeloid CD11b<sup>+</sup> Ly6C<sup>low-high</sup> CD64<sup>low-high</sup> cells (HOCl>bleomycin). In particular, in the HOCl model, activated dermal macrophages (CCR2<sup>low</sup> MHCII<sup>high</sup> ) and monocyte-derived DC (CCR2<sup>high</sup> MHCII<sup>high</sup> ) predominated over less activated CD11b<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells. In conclusion, the two models differ in certain aspects of the murine and human scleroderma but in the HOCl model, myeloid CD11b<sup>+</sup> MHCII<sup>high</sup> cells correlate with some fibrosis-related parameters. Therefore, analysis of both models is suggested to cover a comprehensive profile of Scl symptoms but with focus on the HOCl model when the role of early myeloid immune cells will be evaluated.
Vaccines Alone Cannot Slow the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (2023)

The rapid emergence of immune-evading viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 calls into question the practicality of a vaccine-only public-health strategy for managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It has been suggested that widespread vaccination is necessary to prevent the emergence of future immune-evading mutants. Here, we examined that proposition using stochastic computational models of viral transmission and mutation. Specifically, we looked at the likelihood of emergence of immune escape variants requiring multiple mutations and the impact of vaccination on this process. Our results suggest that the transmission rate of intermediate SARS-CoV-2 mutants will impact the rate at which novel immune-evading variants appear. While vaccination can lower the rate at which new variants appear, other interventions that reduce transmission can also have the same effect. Crucially, relying solely on widespread and repeated vaccination (vaccinating the entire population multiple times a year) is not sufficient to prevent the emergence of novel immune-evading strains, if transmission rates remain high within the population. Thus, vaccines alone are incapable of slowing the pace of evolution of immune evasion, and vaccinal protection against severe and fatal outcomes for COVID-19 patients is therefore not assured.
The Rate-Limiting Step of O2 Activation in the α-Ketoglutarate Oxygenase Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia Inducible Factor (2014)

Factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) is a cellular O2-sensing enzyme, which hydroxylates the hypoxia inducible factor-1α. Previously reported inverse solvent kinetic isotope effects indicated that FIH limits its overall turnover through an O2 activation step (Hangasky, J. A., Saban, E., and Knapp, M. J. (2013) Biochemistry 52, 1594−1602). Here we characterize the rate-limiting step for O2 activation by FIH using a suite of mechanistic probes on the second order rate constant kcat/KM(O2). Steady-state kinetics showed that the rate constant for O2 activation was slow (kcat/KM(O2)app = 3500 M–1 s–1) compared with other non-heme iron oxygenases, and solvent viscosity assays further excluded diffusional encounter with O2 from being rate limiting on kcat/KM(O2). Competitive oxygen-18 kinetic isotope effect measurements (18kcat/KM(O2) = 1.0114(5)) indicated that the transition state for O2 activation resembled a cyclic peroxohemiketal, which precedes the formation of the ferryl intermediate observed in related enzymes. We interpret this data to indicate that FIH limits its overall activity at the point of the nucleophilic attack of Fe-bound O2— on the C-2 carbon of αKG. Overall, these results show that FIH follows the consensus mechanism for αKG oxygenases, suggesting that FIH may be an ideal enzyme to directly access steps involved in O2 activation among the broad family of αKG oxygenases.
Estimation of 4C DNA and Karyotype Analysis in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). I. (1997)

Extensive karyotype analysis including determination of somatic chromosome number, total chromosome length and volume and estimation of 4C DNA amount were carried out on 9 different cultivars of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) for the first time. A significant variation in nuclear DNA amount was recorded at the cultivar level. The 4C DNA amount varied from 19.663-24.102 pg in the cultivars studied. The correlation coefficient studies showed that the 4C DNA content and genomic chromosome volume were interdependent. The structural alteration of chromosomes as well as loss or addition of highly repetitive sequences in the genome showed variation in the DNA amount at cultivar level, but a marginal variation in nuclear DNA content at the cultivar level indicated a close relationship between them.
Lamotrigine Therapy of Epilepsy with Angelman's Syndrome (2007)

LTG can be efficacious and well tolerated in patients with AS.
Mathematical and computational analysis of CRISPR Cas9 sgRNA off-target homologies (2016)

The true power of genome editing mechanism known as RNA-programmable CRISPR Cas9 endonuclease system, lies in the fact that Cas9 can be guided to any loci complementary to a 20-nt RNA, single guide RNA (sgRNA), to cleave double stranded DNA, and therefore allows the introduction of wanted mutations. Unfortunately, sgRNA is prone to off-target homologous attachment, thus guiding Cas9 to cleave DNA sequences at unwanted sites. Using human genome and Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) as the example, this article analyzed the probabilities of off-target sites of sgRNAs and discovered that for large-size genomes such as human genome, off-target sites are nearly inevitable for sgRNA selection. Based on the mathematical analysis, it seems that the double nicking approach is currently the only feasible solution to promise genome editing specificity. An effective computational algorithm for off-target homology searching is also implemented to confirm the mathematical analysis.
Supplementary Figures from The Amino-Terminal Oligomerization Domain of Angiopoietin-2 Affects Vascular Remodeling, Mammary Gland Tumor Growth, and Lung Metastasis in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: Amino acid sequence of ANGPT2, ANGPT2443 and ANGTPT2DAP. Supplementary Figure S2: Competitive inhibition of ANGPT4-induced TIE2 phosphorylation by ANGPT2 isoforms. Supplementary Figure S3. TIE2 phosphorylation by ANGPT2 isoforms at the retracting cell edges. Supplementary Figure S4. Generation of Angpt2443 allele and the effects of Angpt2443 expression on the retina. Supplementary Figure S5. MMTV-PyMT mammary gland tumor model. Supplementary Figure S6. ANGPT2 at the Weibel-Palade bodies and the subendothelial space. Supplementary Figure S7. B16F10 melanoma lung colonization model. Supplementary Figure S8. E0771 breast cancer cell transplantation model.&lt;/p&gt;
Cost-Sensitive Rank Learning From Positive and Unlabeled Data for Visual Saliency Estimation (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a cost-sensitive rank learning approach for visual saliency estimation. This approach avoids the explicit selection of positive and negative samples, which is often used by existing learning-based visual saliency estimation approaches. Instead, both the positive and unlabeled data are directly integrated into a rank learning framework in a cost-sensitive manner. Compared with existing approaches, the rank learning framework can take the influences of both the local visual attributes and the pair-wise contexts into account simultaneously. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches remarkably in visual saliency estimation. </para>
HPLC Analysis of Sodium 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide in Aqueous Metalworking Fluids via Derivatization with NBD-C1 (1987)

Abstract A method is described for the analysis of the fungicide, 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, in aqueous metalworking fluids. Derivatization is extremely rapid with NBD-C1 using minimal sample preparation. HPLC analysis is complete within a 10 minute run and has shown to have minimal interferences at 425 nm in the absorbance mode.
Abstract P183: Minimal Impact of JAMA 2014 Guidelines on Blood Pressure Control in a Large Health System (2017)

Background: JAMA 2014 blood pressure (BP) guidelines raised BP goals for adults older than 60 years (from &lt;140/90 to &lt;150/90) and adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or diabetes (from &lt; 130/80 to &lt;140/90). It is unknown whether there were changes in BP control at the health system level after guideline publication. Methods: Using data from 288,962 adults receiving primary care in the Geisinger Health System, we compared blood pressure control over 1-year time periods before and after the February 2014 publication of the JAMA 2014 BP guidelines (i.e. Aug 2012-July 2013 vs Aug 2014-July 2015). Mixed effects models were used, allowing intercepts to vary by individual, adjusted for age, gender, and race. Results: Mean age was 49.2 ± 18.3 y, 56.7% were female, and 2.5% were black. Prevalence of diagnoses for hypertension, diabetes, and CKD were 40.0%, 15.1%, and 11.4%, respectively. Overall, distributions of systolic BP were similar before and after JAMA 2014 BP guidelines (Figure). BP control &lt;140/90 was also similar between the two periods for adults 18-59 y (90.9% vs. 90.3%; OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p=0.3), adults ≥ 60 y (81.8% vs 82.2%; OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; p=0.05), and adults with diabetes (83.2% vs. 82.7%; OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p=0.7) whereas BP control &lt;140/90 improved slightly for adults with CKD (81.7% vs. 82.1%; OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; p&lt;0.001). BP control &lt;130/80 was marginally worse after JAMA 2014 BP guidelines in patients with diabetes (53.5% vs. 51.8%; OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; p=0.01). Trends were similar in analyses only including patients with hypertension diagnoses (overall 78.6% vs. 78.2%, OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p=0.5), and when using a goal of &lt; 130/80 for patients with CKD (53.3% vs. 53.5%; OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: There was little change in blood pressure control in a large integrated health system after publication of the JAMA 2014 BP guidelines. These findings are reassuring given recent findings from the SPRINT trial supporting lower BP goals.