gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of chemometric approach for development and validation of high performance liquid chromatography method for estimation of ropinirole hydrochloride (2019)

A systematic Quality by Design approach was employed for developing an isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatographic technique for the estimation of ropinirole hydrochloride in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. LiChrospher RP 18-5 Endcapped column (25 cm × 4.6 mm id) at ambient temperature (25 ± 2°C) was used for the chromatographic separation of the drug. The screening of factors influencing chromatographic separation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient was performed employing fractional factorial design to identify the influential factors. Optimization of the selected factors was carried out using central composite design for selecting the optimum chomatographic conditions. The mobile phase employed was constituted of Solvent A/Solvent B (65:35 v/v) (Solvent A [methanol/0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 7, 80:20 v/v] and Solvent B [high performance liquid chromatography grade water]) and used at 0.6 mL/min flow rate, while UV detection was performed at 250 nm. Linearity was achieved in the drug concentration range 5-100 µg/mL (R<sup>2 </sup> = 0.9998) with limits of detection and quantification of 1.02 and 3.09 µg/mL, respectively. Method validation was performed as per ICH guidelines followed by forced degradation studies, which indicated good specificity of the developed method for detecting ropinirole hydrochloride and its possible degradation products in the bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
Relation between Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Incontinence after Nerve-Sparing and Non-Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy (2004)

No relation between the status of urinary continence and erectile function was shown, regardless of the nerve-sparing nature of the prostatectomy.
Thiomolybdates — Simple but Very Versatile Reagents (2000)

A large number of thiometallate anions, MOxS4−xn−, and some of the seleno analogues, are known in which M is a transition metal in a high oxidation state. They are characterised by their strong colours arising from low energy S(Se)→M charge transfer transitions, by unusual redox properties and by their ability to act as ligands to produce a wide range of heterometal complexes. This review outlines some of these properties associated with the thiometallate anions of molybdenum(VI). These anions are prepared by passing H2S through an alkaline molybdate solution, giving a sequential replacement of O atoms by S and ultimately MoS42− (TTM) as product. The thiomolybdates, particularly TTM, have been the most intensively studied because of their ease of preparation, their relatively greater thermal and hydrolytic stabilities and their biological roles. Unusual redox changes which involve internal electron transfer have been shown by reaction with organic disulfides and with CuII. In the latter case insoluble polymeric products are readily formed which, from EPR and EXAFS studies, involve S-bridged reduced Cu and Mo centres. Reaction of TTM with CuI, on the other hand, produces a range of complexes in which from 1 to 6 Cu ions add across the tetrahedral faces of TTM with no redox changes. Further CuI ions can be added to the [Cu6(MoS4)] moiety to produce cluster ions. This illustrates the ability of the thiometallates to act as building blocks for a very wide range of heterometal complexes ranging from simple linear ions to complex clusters, a prime example of the latter being the FeMo cofactor of the enzyme nitrogenase. TTM was identified sometime ago as the reactive intermediate in the Mo-induced Cu-deficiency that afflicts ruminants with serious consequences. Subsequently TTM, as its ammonium salt, has been successfully used in removing the excess Cu and then controlling the Cu levels of patients of Wilson’s disease. It appears to act by blocking the intestinal absorption of Cu and by converting Cu into a metabolically inert form, and in these respects is different to the mode of action of chelating agents which can be used for treating this disease.
Optical Modeling with Spatially Variant Polarization Fields (2006)

Harmonic electromagnetic fields may be globally or locally polarized. In the latter case the state of polarization varies spatially. An electromagnetic representation and propagation of spatially variant polarization fields through optical systems is presented.
Agricultural Policy of Russia (2002)

This volume summarizes the conclusions reached by a World Bank team that carried out a study of recent and current Russian agricultural policy. The authors acknowledge the assistance and insights they received from the Ministry of Agriculture staff, and in particular the staff of the Ministry and other participants in the organized discussions of this report. The objectives of carrying out such a study were three-fold: To engender debate regarding agricultural policy among the Bank, other donors, the Russian government, and Russian non-government representatives, in order to stimulate thinking about that policy; Through the publication of the Bank's report, to contribute to greater understanding of the Russian agricultural sector outside of Russia; To define a framework for further collaboration between the Russian government and the Bank in the rural sector.
3-D Flexible Nano-Textured High-Density Microelectrode Arrays for High-Performance Neuro-Monitoring and Neuro-Stimulation (2014)

We introduce a new 3-D flexible microelectrode array for high performance electrographic neural signal recording and stimulation. The microelectrode architecture maximizes the number of channels on each shank and minimizes its footprint. The electrode was implemented on flexible polyimide substrate using microfabrication and thin-film processing. The electrode has a planar layout and comprises multiple shanks. Each shank is three mm in length and carries six gold pads representing the neuro-interfacing channels. The channels are used in recording important precursors with potential clinical relevance and consequent electrical stimulation to perturb the clinical condition. The polyimide structure satisfied the mechanical characteristics required for the proper electrode implantation and operation. Pad postprocessing technique was developed to improve the electrode electrical performance. The planar electrodes were used for creating 3-D "Waterloo Array" microelectrode with controlled gaps using custom designed stackers. Electrode characterization and benchmarking against commercial equivalents demonstrated the superiority of the Flex electrodes. The Flex and commercial electrodes were associated with low-power implantable responsive neuro-stimulation system. The electrodes performance in recording and stimulation application was quantified through in vitro and in vivo acute and chronic experiments on human brain slices and freely-moving rodents. The Flex electrodes exhibited remarkable drop in the electric impedance (100 times at 100 Hz), improved electrode-electrolyte interface noise (dropped by four times) and higher signal-to-noise ratio (3.3 times).
Topographical Control of Crystal Nucleation (2011)

Surface topography is here investigated as a route to controlling crystal nucleation. The nucleation from vapor of crystals of neo-pentanol and tetrabromomethane was studied on flat surfaces of glass and mica, and on identical substrates scratched with diamond powders of varying particle size. The result is a study which presents a systematic comparison of the nucleating ability of surfaces with the same chemistry and wettability, but varying surface topography. An increase in nucleation density of up to an order of magnitude was observed on scratched mica surfaces compared to unscratched ones, and there was a decrease in the induction time by up to 60%. Larger diamond particles led to enhanced effects, particularly on the nucleation density. Although the nucleation density and induction time on unscratched glass were similar to those on mica, the surface scratches on glass had no significant effect on nucleation density or induction time. The results suggest that a high density of nanoscale features of the surface topography, such as those produced as the diamond particles fracture the mica, is necessary for an enhancement of nucleation. The apparent length scale of the topographical features on mica is discussed with reference to classical nucleation theory and other models. These results show that both a quantitative reduction in induction time and an increase in nucleation density can be achieved as a result of mechanically produced topographical surface defects, which suggests that the engineering of nanoscale topographical features has real potential for control of heterogeneous nucleation.
Region segmentation using K-mean clustering and genetic algorithms (2002)

One of the hard problems in image recognition and understanding is region segmentation. A traditional segmentation method such as clustering is not fully useful for any image, because of the initial values of clusters and the evaluation functions of segmented clusters affect the results of region segmentation. To solve this problem, we introduce the genetic algorithm (GA) for clustering. The experimental result shows the satiable results of region segmentation which have been achieved by applying GA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Some guidelines for non-repudiation protocols (2000)

Non-repudiation protocols aim at preventing parties in a communication from falsely denying having taken part in that communication; for example, a non-repudiation protocol for digital certified mail should ensure that neither the sender can deny sending the message, nor the receiver can deny receiving it. We identify some guidelines for non-repudiation protocols. The guidelines are derived by examining a series of non-repudiation protocols that descend from a single ancestor.
Estimating Internal Variables and Paramters of a Learning Agent by a Particle Filter (2003)

When we model a higher order functions, such as learning and memory, we face a difficulty of comparing neural activities with hidden variables that depend on the history of sensory and motor signals and the dynamics of the network. Here, we propose novel method for estimating hidden variables of a learning agent, such as connection weights from sequences of observable variables. Bayesian estimation is a method to estimate the posterior probability of hidden variables from observable data sequence using a dynamic model of hidden and observable variables. In this paper, we apply particle filter for estimating internal parameters and meta-parameters of a reinforcement learning model. We verified the effectiveness of the method using both artificial data and real animal behavioral data.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Benzyl‐Transfer Reactions of Commercially Available 2‐Benzyloxy‐1‐methylpyridinium Triflate. (2012)

Abstract The benzylation of various primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic alcohols as well as phenols proceeds smoothly with title benzyloxypyridinium triflate (II) under microwave irradiation.
Volume Factor in Cavitation Erosion (1983)

The use of destructive cavitation attack as a means of excavating material is of fairly recent vintage. In the main, the cavitation is generated either at the center of a jet which passes through air, or on the perimeter of a jet traveling underwater. Conventional practice has been to examine the jet pressure and the system cavitation number, as the most meaningful parameters in the program. Further, it has been suggested that damage occurs in a power relationship with velocity, such that relatively little increase in supply pressure dramatically improves excavation rate. Use of jet cavitation, however, occurs through an exit nozzle whose diameter can be changed, thereby changing volume with changing velocity. The results of such a change is shown to tie cavitation damage more powerfully to volume flow than to velocity. A specific example is in cavitation erosion of a high strength igneous rock which remained virtually undamaged at 70 MPa driving pressure but was substantially eroded...
Synthesis and Target Identification of Natural Product–Inspired Compound Collections (2017)

This chapter outlines the principles for selecting privileged scaffolds based on natural products (NPs) for the synthesis of focused compound libraries. It discusses the direction of the field as a whole and which areas are the most likely to see advancements in the coming years. The chapter outlines recent successful examples of applying biology-oriented synthesis (BIOS) to synthesize NP-inspired compound collections. It purposes of the approach is to reduce the synthetic complexity of NPs while retaining or even expanding their biological activity. To circumvent the aforementioned problems, several strategies to access NP-inspired compound collections have been established, including diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and BIOS. BIOS aims to synthesize small-molecule libraries based on NP scaffolds or cores. Using the guiding principles of structural classification of natural products (SCONP) and protein structure similarity clustering (PSSC) to select synthetic targets enables one to tackle biologically relevant areas of chemical space.
(Invited) Quantitative Analysis of Si/Liquid Interfaces with Semiconductor Ultramicroelectrodes (SUMEs) (2020)

This presentation will describe the use and advantages of semiconductor ultramicroelectrodes (SUMEs) for the quantitative study of Si/electrolyte interfaces. Specifically, recessed Si SUMEs have been prepared by coating single crystal substrates with a patterned dielectric film. These SUME platforms have been used to obtain steady-state voltammograms both in the dark and under illumination while immersed in three separate solvents: water, methanol, and acetonitrile. This presentation will show that raw SUME voltammetry, in conjunction with a comprehensive model of the semiconductor/solution interfaces, can be deconvoluted to provide the same or superior information that is traditionally obtained by impedance methods. The resultant data has been fit comprehensively to identify the nature of the semiconductor band bending (inversion, depletion, accumulation), the band edge energetics, and the extent of surface states that populate the interface. Further, the dynamics of surface degradation (oxidation) have been followed through the voltammetric responses. Time permitting, data will be presented that further illustrates size scaling effects and the prospects of using SUMEs as analogs of discrete semiconductor nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Benzyne with Salicylaldehydes: General Synthesis of Xanthenes, Xanthones, and Xanthols. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gas jets in fluidized beds and spouts: A comparison of experimental behavior and models (1983)

Abstract Experimental data reviewed include pressure profiles, gas and solids axial and radial velocity profiles, and solids concentration in the jet and spout. Similarities and differences from experimental evidence available for spouts in spouted beds and jets in fluidized beds are discussed. Modelling procedures are compared.
Pseudo-random sequence based tuning system for continuous-time filters (2004)

Continuous-time filters are widely used in signal processing but require a tuning system to align their frequency response. Several tuning techniques have been proposed in the literature, which can be grouped in two basic schemes: master-slave and self-calibration arrangements. Here we propose a novel tuning approach which can be applied to both tuning schemes. The tuning algorithm is based on the application of pseudo-random input test pattern signal and on the evaluation of a few samples of the input-output cross-correlation function. The key advantages of the proposed technique are basically the use of a pseudo-random pattern signal which can be generated by a very simple circuit in a small die area and the simple circuitry required to sample the filter output and to perform the cross-correlation operation. Some experimental results of the application of the proposed tuning technique to a benchmark filter are given in order to assess its effectiveness.
Strong Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Properties Through Supramolecular Chirality (1998)

A new approach to second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is reported, in which chirality and supramolecular organization play key roles. Langmuir-Blodgett films of a chiral helicene are composed of supramolecular arrays of the molecules. The chiral supramolecular organization makes the second-order NLO susceptibility about 30 times larger for the nonracemic material than for the racemic material with the same chemical structure. The susceptibility of the nonracemic films is a respectable 50 picometers per volt, even though the helicene structure lacks features commonly associated with high nonlinearity. Susceptibility components that are allowed only by chirality dominate the second-order NLO response.
Study on Saline Water Intrusion into the Shallow Coastal Aquifers of Periyar River Basin, Kerala Using Hydrochemical and Electrical Resistivity Methods (2015)

Seawater intrusion generally occurs when withdrawal of fresh groundwater from coastal aquifers results in declining groundwater levels, facilitating lateral and/or vertical migration of saline water causing deterioration of groundwater quality. Electrical resistivity sounding techniques and hydrochemical studies are widely used to determine the interaction between groundwater and saline water/seawater in coastal aquifers. Vertical electrical soundings were carried out at 15 locations in the midland and coastal plain reaches of Periyar River basin in central Kerala, India (9° 55′-10° 20′ N latitude and 76° 05′-76° 25′ E longitude) using CRM 500 model aquameter. In-situ water quality parameters of water samples from 63 shallow well were also measured using handheld multi-parameter instrument. The cation and anion content of selected water samples (32 nos.) were also determined. Electrical resistivity profiles were interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively to obtain nature and thickness of different resistivity layers. The depth to fresh-saline water interface was delineated from resistivity model. The study indicates majority of the curves obtained are Q type with 3 layers. The depth to saline-fresh water interface varied from <1 to 5 m at different locations. The high salinity clay horizons are identified at various depths. Hydrochemical data was analysed using hill-piper diagram and statistical plots to understand groundwater-seawater mixing/interaction in the coastal aquifers. The dominant groundwater type is Na-Cl followed by Mg-Cl at few places. Higher pH, EC and TDS is noted in the western part towards seaward side. Turbidity levels are found increasing towards the southern part. The TA, TH, Ca2+,Mg2+,K+ content of the water samples found increasing towards southwest parts. The Na+, Cl− and (SO4)2− content is found higher in the northwestern parts.
Free Rhodium (II) citrate and rhodium (II) citrate magnetic carriers as potential strategies for breast cancer therapy (2011)

The treatment with rhodium (II) citrate-loaded maghemite nanoparticles and magnetoliposomes induced more specific cytotoxicity on breast carcinoma cells than on breast normal cells, which is the opposite of the results observed with free Rh(2)(H(2)cit)(4) treatment. Thus, magnetic nanoparticles represent an attractive platform as carriers in Rh(2)(H(2)cit)(4) delivery systems, since they can act preferentially in tumor cells. Therefore, these nanopaticulate systems may be explored as a potential tool for chemotherapy drug development.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylsulfonyl‐Methylenation of Aldonolactones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
U-shaped link of health checkup data and need for care using a time-dependent cox regression model with a restricted cubic spline (2023)

We explored risk indicators likely to result in older adults needing certified long-term care in Japan and ascertained whether this relationship forms a U-shaped link. We analyzed a community-based cohort of residents in Kitanagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Participants were 3718 individuals aged 65 years and above who underwent health examinations between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012. For continuous clinical variables, we applied a time-dependent Cox regression model. Two types of models were applied-a linear and nonlinear model with restricted cubic splines-to assess the U-shaped association. Statistical significance (set at 0.05) for the nonlinearity was tested by comparing the spline and linear models. Among the participants, 701 were certified as needing Level 1 care or higher during a follow-up. Among the continuous clinical variables, the nonlinear model for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase revealed significant U-shaped associations as compared with the linear model in which the outcome was a certification of the need for nursing care. These results provide an important insight into the usefulness of nonlinear models for predicting the risk of such certification.
Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption and Orthodontic Tooth Movement (2008)

Teeth move through alveolar bone, whether through the normal process of tooth eruption or by strains generated by orthodontic appliances. Both eruption and orthodontics accomplish this feat through similar fundamental biological processes, osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, but there are differences that make their mechanisms unique. A better appreciation of the molecular and cellular events that regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis in eruption and orthodontics is not only central to our understanding of how these processes occur, but also is needed for ultimate development of the means to control them. Possible future studies in these areas are also discussed, with particular emphasis on translation of fundamental knowledge to improve dental treatments.
Transitioning from basal–bolus or premix insulin therapy to a combination of basal insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes (2022)

In people not achieving glycaemic control with BBI or premix insulin regimens, an FRC or loose combination of basal insulin and GLP-1RA may improve control, decrease the risk of body weight gain or hypoglycaemia and reduce the complexity of treatment.
Use of photoacoustic spectroscopy in studying the natural weathering of polyethylene films (1984)

Abstract Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to assess the degradation of polyethylene under local natural weathering conditions. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained using infrared spectroscopy and from mechanical testing. Photoacoustic spectroscopy supports the accepted mechanism of polyethylene degradation.