gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strapdown stabilization for imaging seekers (1993)

Abstract : In space constrained applications such as tactical missiles, locating the inertial sensors off the platform simplifies packaging and may allow existing missile autopilot gyros to be used for platform stabilization. In strapdown stabilization, inertial sensors are fixed to the base of the inertial platform rather than directly on the platform itself. Gimbal position sensor information is combined with body-fixed inertial rate sensor information to estimate the inertial rate of the platform. This estimate of platform rate is a key factor that determines the stabilization performance of the system. An initial assessment of the feasibility of strapdown stabilization for high-resolution imaging seekers was conducted. A linear state space model and a detailed nonlinear planar simulation were developed of a tactical high-resolution platform system. The simulation includes gimbal inertia, inertial sensors, position sensors, friction, mechanical alignment, compliances, and control loop compensation. The simulation was used to predict the platform stabilization performance. In addition, effects of stabilization performance on target signal strength for an imaging seeker were estimated.
Why me? Causal thinking, affect, and expectations in myocardial infarction patients (1992)

This study investigated whether patients who seek an explanation for their heart attack, as compared to those who do not, differ in their affect, in expectations about their future recovery, and in expectations about coping with their future. Forty-two myocardial infarction patients were interviewed, in both the acute and convalescent stages, as to whether they had thought about "Why me?" Approximately half of the patients at each stage reported searching for an answer to that question. The patients remained generally consistent in their self-reported anxiety, depression, and hostility over time; however, patients who had not thought about "Why me?" reported less anxiety than those who had. No significant differences were found in affect in patients who gave a specific cause for their heart attack and in those who could not. Patients were significantly less optimistic about their future recovery at follow-up than when they were in the hospital, but there were no differences in expectations for future recovery or for future coping of those who had and those who had not thought about "Why me?"
LANDMINES: HORRORS BEGGING FOR SOLUTIONS (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTLANDMINES: HORRORS BEGGING FOR SOLUTIONSChemistry is helping develop tools to find and remove mines; banning them will require political willA. MAUREEN ROUHIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 10, 14–22Publication Date (Print):March 10, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 10 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n010.p014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n010.p014newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Explosives,Neurophysiology Get e-Alerts
Methylselenoborane (1972)

Abstract Methylselenoborane der Formel CH 3 SeBJ 2 und CH 3 SeB(CH 3 )J bilden ebenso wie die entsprechenden Methylthioborane stabile Trimere, während (CH 3 Se) 2 BJ, CH 3 SeB(C 6 H 5 )J und (CH 3 Se) n BR' 3‐n (n = 1,2,3; R' = CH 3 , C 6 H 5 ) als Monomere vorliegen. Die Synthese dieser Verbindungen gelingt durch Redox‐Reaktion zwischen Jodboranen und Dimethyldiselenan sowie durch Ligandenaustausch zwischen Methylseleno‐ und Jodboranen.
The Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Rifabutin (1996)

Rifabutin is structurally similar to rifampin, but there are important pharmacokinetic differences between the two drugs. Rifabutin is more lipid soluble than is rifampin, resulting in more-extensive tissue uptake, a larger volume of distribution, lower maximum plasma concentrations, lower trough concentrations, a longer terminal half-life, and higher tissue-to-plasma drug concentration ratios. The oral bioavailability of rifabutin is low. Like rifampin, rifabutin induces its own metabolism during multiple dosing. Rifabutin is extensively metabolized. The two major metabolites of rifabutin contribute to its antimicrobial activity. Rifabutin induces hepatic metabolism but is not as potent an inducer as is rifampin. Rifabutin does not affect the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs that are excreted in the urine. Although rifabutin decreases plasma concentrations of zidovudine, this finding does not appear to be clinically relevant. When administered during rifabutin prophylaxis, fluconazole decreases the incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. The coadministration of clarithromycin and rifabutin results in increased plasma concentrations of rifabutin and decreased plasma concentrations of clarithromycin; however, the plasma concentration of clarithromycin's active metabolite is increased.
Minimal region of loss at 13q14 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1996)

Allelic loss at nonrandom chromosomal sites is thought to mark the position of tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies. Solid tumors in particular have been found to harbor multiple genetic changes resulting in loss of function mutations. Tumor suppressor genes have also been found to be involved in the progression of lymphoid tumors. Previous reports have suggested the involvement of a tumor suppressor gene located on the long arm of chromosome 13, between the retinoblastoma (RB) and D13S25 loci, in the pathogenesis and or progression of more than 40% of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), a common lymphoid malignancy whose molecular etiology remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report the construction and characterization of a YAC contig spanning a region of approximately 3 cM between the RB gene and the D13S31 locus. We also screened 60 paired normal/tumor B-CLL samples for allelic loss on chromosome 13 with nine microsatellite markers located between RB and D13S25. This analysis has allowed us to narrow the smallest region of loss to a segment of 550 kb located between the 206XF12 and D13S25 markers.
Untangling Dense Non-Planar Knots by Learning Manipulation Features and Recovery Policies (2021)

Robot manipulation for untangling 1D deformable structures such as ropes, cables, and wires is challenging due to their infinite dimensional configuration space, complex dynamics, and tendency to self-occlude. Analytical controllers often fail in the presence of dense configurations, due to the difficulty of grasping between adjacent cable segments. We present two algorithms that enhance robust cable untangling, LOKI and SPiDERMan, which operate alongside HULK, a high-level planner from prior work. LOKI uses a learned model of manipulation features to refine a coarse grasp keypoint prediction to a precise, optimized location and orientation, while SPiDERMan uses a learned model to sense task progress and apply recovery actions. We evaluate these algorithms in physical cable untangling experiments with 336 knots and over 1500 actions on real cables using the da Vinci surgical robot. We find that the combination of HULK, LOKI, and SPiDERMan is able to untangle dense overhand, figure-eight, double-overhand, square, bowline, granny, stevedore, and triple-overhand knots. The composition of these methods successfully untangles a cable from a dense initial configuration in 68.3% of 60 physical experiments and achieves 50% higher success rates than baselines from prior work. Supplementary material, code, and videos can be found at https://tinyurl.com/rssuntangling.
The Development of Bulky Palladium NHC Complexes for the Most‐Challenging Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2012)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions enable organic chemists to form C-C bonds in targeted positions and under mild conditions. Although phosphine ligands have been intensively researched, in the search for even better cross-coupling catalysts attention has recently turned to the use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, which form a strong bond to the palladium center. PEPPSI (pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation, stabilization, and initiation) palladium precatalysts with bulky NHC ligands have established themselves as successful alternatives to palladium phosphine complexes. This Review shows the success of these species in Suzuki-Miyaura, Negishi, and Stille-Migita cross-couplings as well as in amination and sulfination reactions.
Hepatitis B and C in the context of HIV disease: implications for incarcerated populations. (1999)

HIV-infected inmates are often co-infected with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus. To describe the burden of HIV in the incarcerated population today, one must consider the impact of co-infection. HIV may dramatically modify the course of viral hepatitis infection, especially chronic hepatitis C. The converse is uncertain: chronic hepatitis does not seem to accelerate HIV disease progression. In this article, we offer guidelines for selecting appropriate candidates for treatment among co-infected inmates.
Hydroaminoalkylation of Allylsilanes and a One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzoazasilepines (2017)

Allylsilanes undergo highly regioselective intermolecular alkene hydroaminoalkylation with secondary amines in the presence of a titanium mono(formamidinate) catalyst. Corresponding reactions of a suitable allyl(2-bromophenyl)silane which exclusively deliver the branched hydroaminoalkylation products combined with a subsequent Buchwald-Hartwig amination result in the development of an elegant one-pot procedure for the synthesis of literature-unknown silicon analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines, the so-called 1,5-benzoazasilepines.
Supplementary Table from Perspectives on the Risk-Stratified Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Perspectives on the Risk-Stratified Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Commercial challenges in developing biomaterials for medical device development (2018)

Abstract From initial conceptualization through to market adoption, the introduction of new technology into a commercial market is often fraught with challenges. In the field of biomaterials these challenges manifest themselves at every step of the commercialization process. As the understanding of the mechanobiologic relationship in tissue engineering has progressed, there is greater emphasis being placed on the engineering of specific properties into new biomaterials. During this early development, intellectual property is a critical factor in determining commercial feasibility as patent protection establishes the property lines around the technology and helps define future market segments. Once developed, a new biomaterial then enters the next series of challenges including commercial‐scale manufacturing and addressing regulatory concerns. Synthesis of the biomaterial must be economically and technically scalable to meet market demands and the new biomaterial must be designed to stand up to regulatory scrutiny with regards to safety and efficacy. However daunting, a robust understanding of the design elements and the commercial requirements will aid the researcher in overcoming the challenges of bringing a new biomaterial to the market. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Tenascin and Strictures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Immunohistochemical Study (2001)

Tenascin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in morphogenesis of muscle tissue and in wound healing. In the present study we examined its distribution in tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Intestinal biopsies from 10 normal controls, 15 patients with Crohn's disease, and 6 with ulcerative colitis were studied. Samples were obtained both from uninvolved and involved areas. Mucosal tenascin is increased in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, especially in areas of ulceration. In Crohn's disease, tenascin is also strongly expressed in the submucosa and in smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae and propria, especially in areas of stricture. We conclude that tenascin is involved in stricture formation in Crohn's disease and that it is a marker of phenotypic change in smooth muscle cells.
BCI Facilitates the Improvement of Cognitive Functions in Children and Elderly (2020)

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology has been under exploration as an alternative approach to restore or enhance brain functions, possibly. One of the attempts is to use BCI to help improve human cognitive functions by leveraging on the BCI capability of predicting the cognitive states (for instance, attention) in real-time, and use it to drive a cognitive training program. In this presentation, we are going to introduce two categories of cognitive training based on BCI: (1) attention improvement for children with ADHD; (2) cognitive training for the elderly with cognitive decline. We recently completed two large- scale clinical trials based on this concept, one with 172 ADHD children and another with 224 elderly. In both clinical studies, the training program is built upon a feedforward attention training protocol. Significant improvement has been observed in both groups towards the training objectives. fMRI imaging study on the children cohort demonstrated functional changes towards the normal functional connectivity after the cognitive training.
Reduction of dental filling metallic artifacts in CT-based attenuation correction of PET data using weighted virtual sinograms (2009)

The streak artifacts caused by dental fillings are known to generate artifacts in attenuation maps thus leading to overestimation/underestimation of tracer uptake in resulting PET images. Correction of these artifacts is therefore mandatory to achieve accurate attenuation maps to be used by the CT-based attenuation correction procedure. Our group recently proposed a metal artifact reduction method using the virtual sinogram concept. In spite of the satisfactory results obtained on phantom studies, the algorithm was suffering from slight imperfections such as discontinuity of corrected sinogram bins along the second dimension of the sinogram matrix (i.e. the one sampling angular positions) and an evident difference between corrected and non-affected sinogram bins, especially when the number of affected bins in one column of the sinogram matrix is noticeable. The purpose of this study is to present an improved method allowing to overcome the above mentioned limitations. The proposed method enhances the corrected sinogram using weighted values of the influenced bins in the corrected and non-corrected sinograms, and weighted values of the sinogram bins in the neighboring column of the sinogram matrix. The optimum weighting factors associated with the three data sets mentioned above (?, ? and ?) were determined by assessing different combinations of these factors having values falling in the range [0.1-0.9] and statistical analysis of the images of 10 patients with dental fillings. The optimum combination achieved is ?=0.3, ?=0.6 and ?=0.1. The results reveal that the corrected CT images and attenuation maps preserve more detail especially in regions adjacent to metallic objects whereas the original method suffered from eliminating relevant anatomical details. It was concluded that the proposed MAR method using weighted virtual sinograms improves the quality of clinical CT studies thus allowing the achievement of more accurate attenuation correction of PET data.
Objective selection of hyperparameter for EIT (2006)

An algorithm for objectively calculating the hyperparameter for linearized one-step electrical impedance tomography (EIT) image reconstruction algorithms is proposed and compared to existing strategies. EIT is an ill-conditioned problem in which regularization is used to calculate a stable and accurate solution by incorporating some form of prior knowledge into the solution. A hyperparameter is used to control the trade-off between conformance to data and conformance to the prior. A remaining challenge is to develop and validate methods of objectively selecting the hyperparameter. In this paper, we evaluate and compare five different strategies for hyperparameter selection. We propose a calibration-based method of objective hyperparameter selection, called BestRes, that leads to repeatable and stable image reconstructions that are indistinguishable from heuristic selections. Results indicate: (1) heuristic selections of hyperparameter are inconsistent among experts, (2) generalized cross-validation approaches produce under-regularized solutions, (3) L-curve approaches are unreliable for EIT and (4) BestRes produces good solutions comparable to expert selections. Additionally, we show that it is possible to reliably detect an inverse crime based on analysis of these parameters.
Voice to Vision V: The Ladder (2009)

University of Minnesota Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. University of Minnesota Department of Art.
Plasma jets subject to adjustable current polarities and external magnetic fields (2014)

In the present research, collimated plasma jets form from ablation of a radial foil (Al 20 m thin disk) using a pulsed power generator (COBRA) with 1 MA peak current and 100 ns rise time. Plasma dynamics of the jet are diagnosed with and without an applied uniform axial magnetic field (1 T) and under a change of current polarities, which correspond to current moving either radially outward or inward from the foil's central axis. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations (PERSEUS). The influence of the Hall effect on the jet development is observed under opposite current polarities. Additionally, the magnetic field compression within the jet is examined. Further studies will compare the laboratory-generated plasma jets and astrophysical jets with embedded magnetic fields.
Image processing and recognition for biological images (2013)

This paper reviews image processing and pattern recognition techniques, which will be useful to analyze bioimages. Although this paper does not provide their technical details, it will be possible to grasp their main tasks and typical tools to handle the tasks. Image processing is a large research area to improve the visibility of an input image and acquire some valuable information from it. As the main tasks of image processing, this paper introduces gray‐level transformation, binarization, image filtering, image segmentation, visual object tracking, optical flow and image registration. Image pattern recognition is the technique to classify an input image into one of the predefined classes and also has a large research area. This paper overviews its two main modules, that is, feature extraction module and classification module. Throughout the paper, it will be emphasized that bioimage is a very difficult target for even state‐of‐the‐art image processing and pattern recognition techniques due to noises, deformations, etc. This paper is expected to be one tutorial guide to bridge biology and image processing researchers for their further collaboration to tackle such a difficult target.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUARTIGER SYNTHESEWEG FUER (PI‐C5H5CR(CO)3)2SNX2‐KOMPLEXE (1974)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Sn(II)‐halogeniden mit Tetraäthylammonium‐cyclopentadienyltricarbonylchrom in Aceton unter Luft‐ und Feuchtigkeitsausschuß führt zu den Titelkomplexen (I), die IR‐ und massenspektroskopisch charakterisiert werden.
Bio-Fluid Transport Models Through Nano and Micro-Fluidic Components (2005)

This project was a combined fabrication, experimental, and modeling effort to predict transport properties of micro and nanochannels. In this work, the governing equations for electrokinetic flow are solved for not only monovalent binary electrolytes, but also multi-component electrolytic systems containing multivalent ion species. For channel-reservoir systems, the wall concentrations of different ion species are obtained using electrochemical equilibrium consideration. For channel materials with known surface charge density, the results are truly predictive, i.e. there are no assumable constants in the model. The results agree very well with the experimental data from four separate sources at over thirty five operating conditions. This implies that the model is effective for channel height varying from less than ten nanometers to several micrometers. The experimental effort demonstrated that the novel nano-particle image velocimetry (nPIV) technique could measure velocity fields within 250 nm of the wall in steady electroosmotic flow with good accuracy. The nPIV data were in excellent agreement with the model predictions for monovalent electrolyte solutions, and were further validated by independent experimental measurements. This effort culminated in what we believe to be the first experimental probe inside the electric double layer in electroosmotic flow of an aqueous electrolyte
Metabolic and endocrine changes induced by chronic heat exposure in broiler chickens: Biological and endocrinological variables (1996)

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic heat exposure (32 degrees constant) on plasma metabolites and hormone concentrations in broiler chickens. At 2 and 4 weeks of age, fifty-four male Shaver broiler chickens were allocated to one of three treatments: 22 degrees, ad lib. feeding (22AL), 32 degrees, ad lib. feeding (32AL) and 22 degrees, pair-feeding with the 32AL group (22PF). Ambient temperature was kept constant at either 22 or 32 degrees for 2 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), individual amino acids, uric acid, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine, corticosterone were determined. Sensitivity to exogenous insulin was also measured at 7 weeks of age. At 4 and 6 weeks of age, i.e. after 2 weeks at high ambient temperature, fasted 32AL chickens displayed similar concentrations of glucose and triacylglycerols to those of 22AL birds. When fed, 32AL chickens exhibited higher plasma levels of glucose and decreased concentrations of NEFA and amino acids. Feed restriction resulted in intermediate values. Concentrations of all plasma free amino acids were decreased under heat exposure except for aspartic acid, glutamic acid and phenylalanine. At 6 weeks of age, plasma T3 was reduced irrespective of the nutritional state, while plasma corticosterone concentrations were increased in 32AL birds compared with 22AL birds. Heat exposure did not change plasma insulin concentration in either fasted or fed chickens. The 32AL chickens displayed significantly reduced sensitivity to exogenous insulin when fasted, but an enhanced response to insulin when fed, compared with both 22 degrees groups. Such endocrinological changes could stimulate lipid accumulation through increased de novo lipogenesis, reduced lipolysis and enhanced amino acid catabolism under chronic heat exposure.