gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chilling induces sugar and ABA accumulation that antagonistically signals for symplastic connection of dormant potato buds (2023)

Endodormancy (ED) is a crucial stage in the life cycle of many perennial plants. ED release requires accumulating a certain amount of cold exposure, measured as chilling units. However, the mechanism governing the effect of chilling on ED duration is poorly understood. We used the potato tuber model to investigate the response to chilling as associated with ED release. We measured the accumulation of specific sugars during and after chilling, defined as sugar units. We discovered that ED duration correlated better with sugar units accumulation than chilling units. A logistic function was developed based on sugar units measurements to predict ED duration. Knockout or overexpression of the vacuolar invertase gene (StVInv) unexpectedly modified sugar units levels and extended or shortened ED, respectively. Silencing the energy sensor SNF1-related protein kinase 1, induced higher sugar units accumulation and shorter ED. Sugar units accumulation induced by chilling or transgenic lines reduced plasmodesmal (PD) closure in the dormant bud meristem. Chilling or knockout of abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase induced ABA accumulation, in parallel to sweetening, and antagonistically promoted PD closure. Our results suggest that chilling induce sugar units and ABA accumulation, resulting in antagonistic signals for symplastic connection of the dormant bud.
Single-probe-beam differential amplitude and phase-scanning interferometer (1997)

We describe a common path differential amplitude and phase interferometer capable of measuring differential amplitude and phase responses simultaneously. The system uses a single probe beam that is imaged onto the detector plane; differentiation in any direction can be performed by the alteration of the position of the detectors. Experimental and theoretical results, which show excellent agreement, are presented to demonstrate how the transfer function of the system can be controlled to suit different application areas.
Divergent Responses of Forest Soil Microbial Communities under Elevated CO 2 in Different Depths of Upper Soil Layers (2017)

Numerous studies have shown that the continuous increase of atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations may have profound effects on the forest ecosystem and its functions. However, little is known about the response of belowground soil microbial communities under elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) at different soil depth profiles in forest ecosystems. Here, we examined soil microbial communities at two soil depths (0 to 5 cm and 5 to 15 cm) after a 10-year eCO<sub>2</sub> exposure using a high-throughput functional gene microarray (GeoChip). The results showed that eCO<sub>2</sub> significantly shifted the compositions, including phylogenetic and functional gene structures, of soil microbial communities at both soil depths. Key functional genes, including those involved in carbon degradation and fixation, methane metabolism, denitrification, ammonification, and nitrogen fixation, were stimulated under eCO<sub>2</sub> at both soil depths, although the stimulation effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> on these functional markers was greater at the soil depth of 0 to 5 cm than of 5 to 15 cm. Moreover, a canonical correspondence analysis suggested that NO<sub>3</sub>-N, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and leaf litter were significantly correlated with the composition of the whole microbial community. This study revealed a positive feedback of eCO<sub>2</sub> in forest soil microbial communities, which may provide new insight for a further understanding of forest ecosystem responses to global CO<sub>2</sub> increases.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) has continuously been increasing since the industrial revolution. Understanding the response of soil microbial communities to elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) is important for predicting the contribution of the forest ecosystem to global atmospheric change. This study analyzed the effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> on microbial communities at two soil depths (0 to 5 cm and 5 to 15 cm) in a forest ecosystem. Our findings suggest that the compositional and functional structures of microbial communities shifted under eCO<sub>2</sub> at both soil depths. More functional genes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling were stimulated under eCO<sub>2</sub> at the soil depth of 0 to 5 cm than at the depth of 5 to 15 cm.
Printed, Flexible, Organic Nano‐Floating‐Gate Memory: Effects of Metal Nanoparticles and Blocking Dielectrics on Memory Characteristics (2013)

Abstract The effects of using a blocking dielectric layer and metal nanoparticles (NPs) as charge‐trapping sites on the characteristics of organic nano‐floating‐gate memory (NFGM) devices are investigated. High‐performance NFGM devices are fabricated using the n‐type polymer semiconductor, poly{[ N , N ′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2)), and various metal NPs. These NPs are embedded within bilayers of various polymer dielectrics (polystyrene (PS)/poly(4‐vinyl phenol) (PVP) and PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)). The P(NDI2OD‐T2) organic field‐effect transistor (OFET)‐based NFGM devices exhibit high electron mobilities (0.4–0.5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) and reliable non‐volatile memory characteristics, which include a wide memory window (≈52 V), a high on/off‐current ratio ( I on / I off ≈ 10 5 ), and a long extrapolated retention time (&gt;10 7 s), depending on the choice of the blocking dielectric (PVP or PMMA) and the metal (Au, Ag, Cu, or Al) NPs. The best memory characteristics are achieved in the ones fabricated using PMMA and Au or Ag NPs. The NFGM devices with PMMA and spatially well‐distributed Cu NPs show quasi‐permanent retention characteristics. An inkjet‐printed flexible P(NDI2OD‐T2) 256‐bit transistor memory array (16 × 16 transistors) with Au‐NPs on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate is also fabricated. These memory devices in array exhibit a high I on / I off (≈10 4 ± 0.85 ), wide memory window (≈43.5 V ± 8.3 V), and a high degree of reliability.
Effect of feeding mango leaf and time of concentrate feeding on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbitÃ¢ÂÂs bucks. (2018)

An 84-day feeding trial was conducted using 36 rabbits with the aim of studying effect of time of feeding concentrate on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits fed mango leaves as basal diet. The experimental animals were randomly allocated to three feeding time regimes (T1-animals fed concentrate in the morning (7: 00 am), T2-animals fed concentrate in the afternoon (12:00 noon) and T3-animals fed concentrate in the evening (6: 000 pm)) and replicated twelve times in a completely randomised design. Concentrates were fed 30 percent of the body live weights of the animals. Results of the analytical experiment showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) differences among treatments in the final body weight gain, mean total body weight gain and total feed intake of the experimental rabbits. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the fasted weight, carcass weight, slaughter weight and dressing percentage as well as the relative weights of heart, kidney, liver, spleen and lungs among treatment groups. It is obvious from the result of this study that the time of feeding concentrate has no effect in the performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits.
High-efficient Multi-carrier Combination and Division Algorithm for Multi-service DRoF System (2020)

Aiming at the problems of low bandwidth utilization, severe inter-carrier interference, and the difficulty in service upgrades in the current digital radio over fibre (DRoF) system, this paper proposes a multi-carrier combination and division algorithm based on digital baseband modulation. The algorithm modulates the sub-carrier in the digital baseband domain and realizes multi-carrier combination and division in the limited frequency band. Besides, it adjusts the parameters in real time according to the bandwidth and insertion loss of each channel. In this way, the algorithm improves the frequency band utilization, optimizes the inter-carrier interference and the signal-to-noise ratio, reduces the transmission link rate. In this paper, a complete simulation system of multi-carrier combination at the transmitting end and multi-carrier division at the receiving end is built. And the three-carrier combination and division performance test are completed in the multi-service digital distributed antenna system (DDAS). Simulation and experimental results show that the algorithm greatly improves the signal transmission performance of adjacent frequency multi-channel systems, implying that the algorithm can be applied to various multi-service communication systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐ and 5‐Substituted Pipecolic Esters by Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Palladium‐Catalyzed Formate Reduction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Motor-unit discharge rates in maximal voluntary contractions of three human muscles (1983)

Single motor-unit firing rates have been recorded during maximal voluntary contractions using tungsten microelectrodes. Over 300 units from four subjects were sampled from each of three muscles. These were the biceps brachii, adductor pollicis, and soleus, chosen because of known differences in their fiber-type composition and contractile properties. In all cases the contraction maximality was assured by delivering single supramaximal shocks during the voluntary contractions. All motor units were deemed to have already been fully activated if no additional force resulted. Thus for each muscle, the firing rates elicited by a maximal voluntary effort are sufficient to generate a fully fused tetanus in each motor unit. For the biceps brachii and adductor pollicis muscles, the mean firing rates (+/- SD) were 31.1 +/- 10.1 and 29.9 +/- 8.6 Hz, respectively, while for soleus they were only 10.7 +/- 2.9 HZ. For each muscle the firing rates distribution covered approximately a four-fold range about the mean value. The mean firing rates for each muscle varied roughly in proportion to their respective twitch contraction and half relaxation times. These contractile time measurements for both biceps brachii and adductor pollicis agreed well with the mean values reported for human fast-twitch motor units, while those for soleus fell in the range observed for human slow-twitch units. An argument is presented that suggests that, in response to voluntary effort, the range of discharge rates of each motor-unit pool is limited to those only just sufficient to produce maximum force in each motor unit. This suggestion is based on the relationship between the range of motor-unit firing frequencies observed during maximum voluntary contractions, their range of contraction times, and the stimulation frequencies required for maximum force generation. The implications of this hypothesis for motor control are discussed.
Coke- and sintering-resistant monolithic catalysts derived from in situ supported hydrotalcite-like films on Al wires for dry reforming of methane (2013)

Monolithic catalysts derived from in situ supported hydrotalcite-like films on Al wires display high resistance to coke formation and sintering in the dry reforming of methane due to their hierarchical porous structure, well dispersed metallic nickel species, more basic sites and strong metal-support interaction effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Neuraminidase with Neuraminic Acid C‐Glycosides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Departure, The Vital Storm (1946)

You will part the tree branches And step through the clean arc Into the low boat. The dawn is the strange, misty Pink that dawns are said to be, And the fringe of grass is there, The way you knew it would be. Tears in your eyes let you know That you would feign stay here With the reluctant birds that rise Into the pink mists with a strange Unity of motion and sound. You don't know where you've been Or what place you are departing f01', But you only know it's very sad And you won't come by again.
A Case of Pyoderma Vegetans (2007)

56歳の男性。初診の10ヵ月前より，顔面に紅色結節が出現し，次第に増大，増数してきた。滲出液を伴い，顔面に多発する結節は，抗生物質の投与に反応せず，頚部，前胸部には浸潤を触れる紅斑局面を生じた。臨床経過及び病理組織学的に，増殖性膿皮症と診断した。蛍光抗体直接法は陰性であった。プレドニン®1日30mgの投与を開始したところ，皮疹は縮小傾向を示した。
Greedy Gaussian mixture learning for texture segmentation (2001)

The problem of segmenting an image into several modalities representing different textures can be modeled using Gaussian mixtures. Fitting a Gaussian mixture on the data is not trivial ...
Flat and Spherically Bent Muscovite (Mica) Crystals for X-ray Spectroscopy (1998)

Essential parameters for the application of crystals to quantitative X-ray spectroscopy are the upper wavelength limit and the quantitative reflection properties (intrinsic resolving power, luminosity) of the crystal. Due to the large lattice constant, muscovite, a mica group mineral, can be used in the wavelength range up to about 2nm. Muscovite crystals can be bent to small radii of curvature due to their favourable cleavage and elastic properties. Characteristic reflection properties at reflections 002 – 00 24 were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The integrated reflectivity was calculated for various reflections of perfect flat as well as spherically bent muscovite crystals with curvature radii R = 100 and R = 186mm. It was measured for flat crystals in the reflections 00 10 – 00 26 using CuKα- and MoKα-radiation from X-ray tubes and compared with calculations for both perfect and mosaic crystals. Available high-quality muscovite crystals have a mosaic structure with a mosaic spread of about 1 arcmin. This mosaic spread limits the spectral resolving power for high reflection orders.
Speech and Voice Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (2011)

Speech and voice disorders are key elements in the diagnosis and management of individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). This chapter reviews the classic symptoms of speech and voice disorders in PD and their assessment. The complex origin of these disorders is described in relation to motor problems (hypokinesia/bradykinesia reflecting reduced muscle activation and abnormal scaling or maintenance of the gain of movement amplitude), sensory processing problems (abnormal gating of the somatosensory cortex, abnormal gating of the auditory cortex via feed-forward mechanisms, and abnormal perception of one's own voice), cueing problems (reflecting deficits in internal/implicit cueing), and neuropsychological problems (impaired attention to action, vocal vigilance, and self-regulation of vocal output). The impact of medical treatment (neuropharmacological, neurosurgical) on speech and voice is reviewed. Speech treatment is described with special emphasis on LSVT® LOUD, a scientifically tested, efficacious treatment consistent with principles that drive activity-dependent neural plasticity. The recommendation is made for early referral to a speech clinician for optimum management of speech and voice disorders in PD.
A Simplified Preparation Method of Silicon-Substituted Calcium Phosphates According to Green Chemistry Principles (2007)

A simplified preparation method of silicon-substituted calcium phosphates with a very high yield (close to 100%) has been elaborated, according to the principles of Green Chemistry. The technique consists of mixing of crystals of calcium nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the desired proportions, following by addition of the necessary amount of a silicon-containing compound. The homogenous mixture is sintered between 900 and 1200°C. Either a siliconcontaining hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) or a silicon-stabilized tricalcium phosphate (Si-αTCP) can be synthesized, depending on the Ca/P, Ca/(P+Si) and Si/P molar ratios.
Simple Techniques for Evaluation of Crude Oil Compatibility (2004)

Abstract Blending crude oils or crude oils and condensates of different origin may give rise to deposit related problems due to incompatibility. Although the problem has been recognized, there are as yet no standard methods for the determination and quantification of crude oil compatibility. This study focused on the compatibility of stock tank oils in storage depots and refineries. Using blends of Arabian Medium and Gippsland crude oils as a model system, various simple techniques were investigated and compared with the results of the in-house Shell stability test (the Po/FRmax test): microscopy, a modified Hot Filtration Test, a modified ASTM spot test and a modified Shell Spot test. All techniques (with the exception of the ASTM spot test) were capable of identifying an unstable regime, but the onset of asphaltenes flocculation varied with the experimental conditions. Sample pretreatment was found to be a necessary prerequisite for obtaining meaningful data. The Shell Spot Test appears to be a fast and simple method for monitoring crude oil compatibility in the downstream business.
Orthoamide, XXXI. Umsetzungen von Orthoamidderivaten der Kohlensäure mit CH2‐ und NH2‐aciden Verbindungen (1979)

Abstract Die Darstellung von N,N ‐Dimethylorthocarbamidsäure‐triisopropylester ( 1c ) und N,N,N′,N′ ‐Tetramethylharnstoff‐diisopropylacetal ( 2c ) wird beschrieben. Diese reagieren mit CH 2 ‐aciden Verbindungen zu den 1‐Alkoxyvinylaminen 9a, b bzw. dem Vinylidendiamin 16 , wobei 2c reaktiver ist als 1c . Das noch reaktionsfreudigere Isopropoxy‐ N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″ ‐hexamethylmethan‐triamin ( 4c ) überführt auch schwach CH 2 ‐acide Verbindungen wie Nitrile, Ester und Amide in die Vinylidendiamine 23a ‐ f, 25a ‐ c, 27a ‐ c . Die Verbindung 4c setzt sich mit primären Carbon‐säureamiden zu den 2‐Acyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinen 37a ‐ g um. Ein Mechanismus für die Kondensationsreaktionen der Verbindungen 1c, 2c und 4 mit CH 2 ‐ und NH 2 ‐aciden Verbindungen wird diskutiert.
Metabolic regulation of pathways of carbohydrate oxidation in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers (2008)

In the present article we evaluate the consequence of tuber-specific expression of yeast invertase, on the pathways of carbohydrate oxidation, in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree). We analysed the relative rates of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway that these lines exhibited as well as the relative contributions of the cytochrome and alternative pathways of mitochondrial respiration. Enzymatic and protein abundance analysis revealed concerted upregulation of the glycolytic pathway and of specific enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the alternative oxidase but invariant levels of enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and proteins of the cytochrome pathway. When taken together these experiments suggest that the overexpression of a cytosolic invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) results in a general upregulation of carbohydrate oxidation with increased flux through both the glycolytic and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways as well as the cytochrome and alternative pathways of oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover these data suggest that the upregulation of respiration is a consequence of enhanced efficient mitochondrial metabolism.
Compensation of the phase fluctuation in a transmission line by optical phase conjugation (1992)

The required conditions for a compensation of the fluctuating phase distortion in a transmission line by optical phase conjugation are analyzed, and the resulting possible transmission length is estimated. The effective compensation of the phase fluctuation is demonstrated by using a phase-modulated phase-conjugate wave generated by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier, and a modulation index suppression of -4 dB is achieved.
Supplementary Figure 1 from FLT3 Ligand Enhances the Cancer Therapeutic Potency of Naked RNA Vaccines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.8 MB&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Activator Ion Concentration on the Upconversion Processes in Er3+-Doped TeO2-ZnO Glass (2001)

Photoluminescence properties of Er3+-doped 70TeO2–30ZnO glasses are investigated. Infrared to visible upconversion has been observed at room temperature in this tellurite glass using a 797 nm excitation laser. A study of the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions versus excitation laser power shows evidence for a two-step upconversion process under this excitation. The red emission originating from the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition is enhanced relative to the green emission with increasing Er3+ ion concentration. This behaviour has been explained as being due to an energy transfer between activator ions. The temperature dependence of the upconversion intensity has also been studied in the range 60–310 K. It was found that the red emission of 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 grows considerably relative to the green transition with increasing temperature in heavily doped samples. This indicates that energy transfer mechanisms, responsible for the red emission enhancement, are temperature dependent.
Cannabinoid Receptor Type-2 in B Cells Is Associated with Tumor Immunity in Melanoma (2021)

Agents targeting the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have gained attention as potential cancer treatments. Given recent evidence that cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) regulates lymphocyte development and inflammation, we performed studies on CB2R in the immune response against melanoma. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed a strong positive correlation between CB2R expression and survival, as well as B cell infiltration in human melanoma. In a murine melanoma model, CB2R expression reduced the growth of melanoma as well as the B cell frequencies in the tumor microenvironment (TME), compared to CB2R-deficient mice. In depth analysis of tumor-infiltrating B cells using single-cell RNA sequencing suggested a less differentiated phenotype in tumors from <i>Cb2r<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. Thus, in this study, we demonstrate for the first time a protective, B cell-mediated role of CB2R in melanoma. This gained insight might assist in the development of novel, CB2R-targeted cancer therapies.
PLA-based regular structures and their synthesis (2003)

Two regular circuit structures based on the programmable logic array (PLA) are proposed. They provide alternatives to the widely used standard-cell structure and have better predictability and simpler design methodologies. A whirlpool PLA is a cyclic four-level structure, which has a compact layout. Doppio-ESPRESSO, a four-level logic minimization algorithm, is developed for the synthesis of Whirlpool PLAs. A river PLA is a stack of multiple output PLAs, which uses river routing for the interconnections of the adjacent PLAs. A synthesis algorithm for river PLAs uses multilevel logic synthesis, simulated-annealing, and ESPRESSO targeting a combination of minimal area and delay.