gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract A22: Associations between dietary intake and novel genotoxic estrogen biomarkers implicated in breast cancer risk (2012)

Abstract Background: An expansive body of evidence implicates estrogen in the development of breast cancer (BC). Recently, a novel estrogen biomarker, the genotoxoic estrogen ratio (GER), was shown to be associated with BC. In addition, an elevated GER was observed in women at high-risk of BC, and furthermore, high GER has been shown to be reversible. Because of the potential for phytochemicals to inhibit activating enzymes and induce protective enzymes within the metabolism pathway resulting in reduced GER, we sought to examine associations between dietary factors and GER. Methods: This analysis was conducted in 53 pre-menopausal, healthy women aged 40-45 years from a cross-sectional study in which participants provided first-void urine samples and 3-day food records. The estrogen metabolites, conjugates and depurinating DNA adducts comprising the GER were identified from urine samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. The numerator of GER contains estrogen compounds which are bound to DNA as depurinating adducts, and thus have the potential to be genotoxic; the denominator contains the unbound estrogen counterparts consisting of estrogen metabolites and conjugates. A trend test was used to assess associations between tertiles of nutrient and food intake. Results: We observed GER to be associated with dietary intake after adjustment for age, total calories, percent adiposity, and estradiol. Specifically, elevated GER was associated with low vegetable intake (p=0.01), low carbohydrate consumption (p=0.01), low botanical intake (p=0.04), and high animal protein consumption (p=0.05). In particular, elevated GER was associated with the increasing servings of eggs (p=0.01) and fish (p=0.02) per day. In addition, low GER was associated with three botanical groupings: highest category of umbelliferae consumption (which includes carrots and celery; p=0.01), middle category of cruciferae consumption (which includes broccoli and cabbages; p=0.05), and middle category of ericaceae consumption (which includes blueberries and cranberries; p=0.05). Conclusion: These data provide the first investigation of lifestyle factors in relation to this novel GER biomarker. While these data would require replication, this early report suggesting inverse associations between dietary intake of botanical foods and GER provides an intriguing link between dietary factors and a novel biomarker with implications for breast cancer risk. Citation Format: Kerryn W. Reding, Muhammed Zahid, Ercole Cavalieri, Eleanor G. Rogan, Charlotte Atkinson, Mellissa Yong, Katherine Newton, Johanna Lampe. Associations between dietary intake and novel genotoxic estrogen biomarkers implicated in breast cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.
Anti-microtubule agents: vincristine (1), vinblastine (2), paclitaxel (3), CA-4(4) and its chalcone analogue (6). (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Anti-microtubule agents: vincristine (1), vinblastine (2), paclitaxel (3), CA-4(4) and its chalcone analogue (6).&lt;/p&gt;
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: Hope for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2021)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Although previous studies have demonstrated that SLE is related to the imbalance of cells in the immune system, including B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, etc., the mechanisms underlying SLE pathogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, effective and low side-effect therapies for SLE are lacking. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE, has gained increasing attention. This therapy can improve the signs and symptoms of refractory SLE by promoting the proliferation of Th2 and Treg cells and inhibiting the activity of Th1, Th17, and B cells, etc. However, MSC therapy is also reported ineffective in some patients with SLE, which may be related to MSC- or patient-derived factors. Therefore, the therapeutic effects of MSCs should be further confirmed. This review summarizes the status of MSC therapy in refractory SLE treatment and potential reasons for the ineffectiveness of MSC therapy from three perspectives. We propose various MSC modification methods that may be beneficial in enhancing the immunosuppression of MSCs in SLE. However, their safety and protective effects in patients with SLE still need to be confirmed by further experimental and clinical evidence.
Phospholipase D Family Member 4, a Transmembrane Glycoprotein with No Phospholipase D Activity, Expression in Spleen and Early Postnatal Microglia (2010)

Results showed that PLD4 is a non-PLD, HKD motif-carrying, transmembrane glycoprotein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The spatiotemporally restricted expression patterns suggested that PLD4 might play a role in common function(s) among microglia during early postnatal brain development and splenic marginal zone cells.
The role of coarse aerosol particles as a sink of HNO 3 in wintertime pollution events in the Salt Lake Valley (2021)

Abstract. Wintertime ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) pollution events burden urban mountain basins around the globe. In the Salt Lake Valley of Utah in the United States, such pollution events are often driven by the formation of persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs) that trap emissions near the surface for several consecutive days. As a result, secondary pollutants including fine particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5), largely in the form of NH4NO3, build up during these events and lead to severe haze. As part of an extensive measurement campaign to understand the chemical processes underlying PM2.5 formation, the 2017 Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study, water-soluble trace gases and PM2.5 constituents were continuously monitored using the ambient ion monitoring ion chromatograph (AIM-IC) system at the University of Utah campus. Gas-phase NH3, HNO3, HCl, and SO2 along with particulate NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3-, Cl−, and SO42- were measured from 21 January to 21 February 2017. During the two PCAP events captured, the fine particulate matter was dominated by secondary NH4NO3. The comparison of total nitrate (HNO3 + PM2.5 NO3-) and total NHx (NH3 + PM2.5 NH4+) showed NHx was in excess during both pollution events. However, chemical composition analysis of the snowpack during the first PCAP event revealed that the total concentration of deposited NO3- was nearly 3 times greater than that of deposited NH4+. Daily snow composition measurements showed a strong correlation between NO3- and Ca2+ in the snowpack. The presence of non-volatile salts (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), which are frequently associated with coarse-mode dust, was also detected in PM2.5 by the AIM-IC during the two PCAP events, accounting for roughly 5 % of total mass loading. The presence of a significant particle mass and surface area in the coarse mode during the first PCAP event was indicated by size-resolved particle measurements from an aerodynamic particle sizer. Taken together, these observations imply that atmospheric measurements of the gas-phase and fine-mode particle nitrate may not represent the total burden of nitrate in the atmosphere, implying a potentially significant role for uptake by coarse-mode dust. Using the NO3- : NH4+ ratio observed in the snowpack to estimate the proportion of atmospheric nitrate present in the coarse mode, we estimate that the amount of secondary NH4NO3 could double in the absence of the coarse-mode sink. The underestimation of total nitrate indicates an incomplete account of the total oxidant production during PCAP events. The ability of coarse particles to permanently remove HNO3 and influence PM2.5 formation is discussed using information about particle composition and size distribution.
New Orthogonal Transforms for Signal and Image Processing (2021)

In the paper, orthogonal transforms based on proposed symmetric, orthogonal matrices are created. These transforms can be considered as generalized Walsh–Hadamard Transforms. The simplicity of calculating the forward and inverse transforms is one of the important features of the presented approach. The conditions for creating symmetric, orthogonal matrices are defined. It is shown that for the selection of the elements of an orthogonal matrix that meets the given conditions, it is necessary to select only a limited number of elements. The general form of the orthogonal, symmetric matrix having an exponential form is also presented. Orthogonal basis functions based on the created matrices can be used for orthogonal expansion leading to signal approximation. An exponential form of orthogonal, sparse matrices with variable parameters is also created. Various versions of orthogonal transforms related to the created full and sparse matrices are proposed. Fast computation of the presented transforms in comparison to fast algorithms of selected orthogonal transforms is discussed. Possible applications for signal approximation and examples of image spectrum in the considered transform domains are presented.
An environmentally friendly electro-oxidative approach to recover valuable elements from NdFeB magnet waste (2017)

&lt;p&gt;In this manuscript, we demonstrate a room temperature electrochemical process for efficiently recycling NdFeB magnet waste. First, the magnet waste was completely leached with HCl and then, in-situ electrochemical oxidation was performed to selectively oxidize Fe(11) in the leachate to Fe(III). Finally, oxalic acid was added directly to the electro-oxidized leachate which selectively precipitated more than 98% of rare earth elements as rare-earth oxalates. The calcination of rare-earth oxalates produced mixed rare-earth oxides of 99.2% purity and a marketable Fe(III) solution as by-product. The electro-oxidized leachate was also subjected to an alternative neutralization route in which ammonium hydroxide was added to remove iron as ferric hydroxide. The iron free leachate with rare earth elements and cobalt was then subjected to oxalic acid precipitation treatment, which finally produced rare-earth oxides of 99.7% purity. Furthermore, a cobalt-rich solution was obtained in the end and electrowinning studies performed on the solution showed the feasibility of recovering pure metallic cobalt.&lt;/p&gt;
Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for Sparse Signal Recovery With Noise (2011)

We consider the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm for the recovery of a high-dimensional sparse signal based on a small number of noisy linear measurements. OMP is an iterative greedy algorithm that selects at each step the column, which is most correlated with the current residuals. In this paper, we present a fully data driven OMP algorithm with explicit stopping rules. It is shown that under conditions on the mutual incoherence and the minimum magnitude of the nonzero components of the signal, the support of the signal can be recovered exactly by the OMP algorithm with high probability. In addition, we also consider the problem of identifying significant components in the case where some of the nonzero components are possibly small. It is shown that in this case the OMP algorithm will still select all the significant components before possibly selecting incorrect ones. Moreover, with modified stopping rules, the OMP algorithm can ensure that no zero components are selected.
A Game-Theoretic and Dynamical-Systems Analysis of Selection Methods in Coevolution (2005)

We use evolutionary game theory (EGT) to investigate the dynamics and equilibria of selection methods in coevolutionary algorithms. The canonical selection method used in EGT is equivalent to the standard "fitness-proportional" selection method used in evolutionary algorithms. All attractors of the EGT dynamic are Nash equilibria; we focus on simple symmetric variable-sum games that have polymorphic Nash-equilibrium attractors. Against the dynamics of proportional selection, we contrast the behaviors of truncation selection, (/spl mu/,/spl lambda/),(/spl mu/+/spl lambda/), linear ranking, Boltzmann, and tournament selection. Except for Boltzmann selection, each of the methods we test unconditionally fail to achieve polymorphic Nash equilibrium. Instead, we find point attractors that lack game-theoretic justification, cyclic dynamics, or chaos. Boltzmann selection converges onto polymorphic Nash equilibrium only when selection pressure is sufficiently low; otherwise, we obtain attracting limit-cycles or chaos. Coevolutionary algorithms are often used to search for solutions (e.g., Nash equilibria) of games of strategy; our results show that many selection methods are inappropriate for finding polymorphic Nash solutions to variable-sum games. Another application of coevolution is to model other systems; our results emphasize the degree to which the model's behavior is sensitive to implementation details regarding selection-details that we might not otherwise believe to be critical.
Two-Colour Rubidium Fibre Frequency Standard (2013)

1000s [4].Here, we demonstrate a device that could be of similarsize, that outperforms this commercial product by anorder of magnitude over short time scales with anotherorder of magnitude in performance through to be achiev-able. This is achieved through a novel twin approach:ﬁrst,hollow-corephotoniccrystalﬁbre(HC-PCF)isusedin combination with a two-photon transition in rubidium(Rb) and second, exploitation of the energy level struc-ture of Rb to enhance the two-photon transition rateusing a two-colour excitation technique.The most stable laboratory based optical Rb fre-quency standards utilise the 5
Direct Patterning of Perovskite Nanocrystals on Nanophotonic Cavities with Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing (2022)

Overcoming the challenges of patterning luminescent materials will unlock additive and more sustainable paths for the manufacturing of next-generation on-chip photonic devices. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing is a promising method for deterministically placing emitters on these photonic devices. However, the use of this technique to pattern luminescent lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), notable for their defect tolerance and impressive optical and spin coherence properties, for integration with optoelectronic devices remains unexplored. In this work, we additively deposit nanoscale CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NC features on photonic structures via EHD inkjet printing. We perform transmission electron microscopy of EHD inkjet printed NCs to demonstrate that the NCs' structural integrity is maintained throughout the printing process. Finally, NCs are deposited with sub-micrometer control on an array of parallel silicon nitride nanophotonic cavities and demonstrate cavity-emitter coupling via photoluminescence spectroscopy. These results demonstrate EHD inkjet printing as a scalable, precise method to pattern luminescent nanomaterials for photonic applications.
Electrochromic Polymer (2023)

These recommendations are specifically for polymers and polymer systems showing a significant response to an electromagnetic field or one of its components (electric field or magnetic field), i.e., for electromagnetic-field-responsive polymer materials. The structures, processes, phenomena and quantities relating to this interdisciplinary field of materials science and technology are herein defined. Definitions are unambiguously explained and harmonized for wide acceptance by the chemistry, physics, polymer and materials science communities. A survey of typical electromagnetic-field-responsive polymers is included.
Steerable part models (2012)

We describe a method for learning steerable deformable part models. Our models exploit the fact that part templates can be written as linear filter banks. We demonstrate that one can enforce steerability and separability during learning by applying rank constraints. These constraints are enforced with a coordinate descent learning algorithm, where each step can be solved with an off-the-shelf structured SVM solver. The resulting models are orders of magnitude smaller than their counterparts, greatly simplifying learning and reducing run-time computation. Limiting the degrees of freedom also reduces overfitting, which is useful for learning large part vocabularies from limited training data. We learn steerable variants of several state-of-the-art models for object detection, human pose estimation, and facial landmark estimation. Our steerable models are smaller, faster, and often improve performance.
Freeze-Casting of Porous Biomaterials: Structure, Properties and Opportunities (2010)

The freeze-casting of porous materials has received a great deal of attention during the past few years. This simple process, where a material suspension is simply frozen and then sublimated, provides materials with unique porous architectures, where the porosity is almost a direct replica of the frozen solvent crystals. This review focuses on the recent results on the process and the derived porous structures with regards to the biomaterials applications. Of particular interest is the architecture of the materials and the versatility of the process, which can be readily controlled and applied to biomaterials applications. A careful control of the starting formulation and processing conditions is required to control the integrity of the structure and resulting properties. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required to validate the potential of this new class of porous materials.
FORMATION OF AMINOSUCCINYL PEPTIDES DURING ACIDOLYTIC DEPROTECTION FOLLOWED BY THEIR TRANSFORMATION TO PIPERAZINE‐2, 5‐DIONE DERIVATIVES IN NEUTRAL MEDIA (1979)

Prolonged acidic treatment of Boc‐Leu‐Asp(OBu t )‐Phe‐NH 2 with 4N HCl in acetic acid resulted in H‐[Leu‐Asc‐Phe‐NH 2 ] HCl(Asc, aminosuccinyl), which transformed partially to cyclo[Leu‐Asp(Phe‐NH 2 )] during its purification by column chromatography on silica gel with a mixture of ethyl acetate/pyridine/acetic acid/water = 60:20:6:11, i.e. in neutral medium. Examination of the imide formation was extended to different reaction conditions (no imide derivative was detected in trifluoroacetic acid), to several protected derivatives of L‐aspartyl‐L‐phenylalaninamide and to tripeptides containing an aspartyl residue in the middle position. It was clearly demonstrated that in strongly acidic media the imide derivatives are directly formed from the aspartyl peptides containing a free β‐carboxyl group. The influence of the C‐terminal residue was greater than the N‐terminal on both the rate of formation of the imide and its further transformation to piperazine‐2,5‐dione derivative. In aqueous ethanol the X‐Asc‐Y‐NH 2 (X, Pro, Leu; Y, Gly, Ala, Val, Phg, Phe) containing N‐terminal proline are more readily transformed to piperazine‐2,5‐dione derivatives, but compared to simple proline dipeptides the rate of this transformation is relatively slow because of the crowdedness of the tricyclic transitional state.
Influence of Alkaline Earth Silicate Admixture on Durability of Pennsylvania Turnpike Bridges (1999)

Chlorides from deicing salts are the primary cause of premature corrosion of reinforcement in concrete bridge decks. An alkaline earth silicate admixture (AESA) can reduce the permeability of concrete, preventing the ingress of chlorides, delaying the onset of rebar corrosion, and therefore increasing the design life of bridges. The performance of an AESA in bridge decks that have been in service for more than 25 years is compared with the performance of identical control bridges of comparable age. Visual inspection reveals serious deterioration in the control specimens. The decks of the control bridges reveal cracks, delaminations, and spalling in many of the precast deck panels. In the bridges with AESA, there is minimal visible deterioration. The goal of this research is to identify and characterize the effect of AESA on inservice bridge decks. Chemical and microscopic techniques are used to determine the nature of AESA in hardened concrete. Water and chloride ion permeability tests are performed to quantitatively determine the relative effects between control concrete and concrete containing the AESA. Testing has shown that AESA has chemical characteristics that enable it to react with portland cement and control the microstructural development in concrete. Quantitative tests for permeability and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) reveal a microstructure that is more continuous and interlocked than that of the control samples, indicating that the AESA reacts with cement to provide a microstructure that is less permeable.
Applications of in-vitro cell culture for measuring infectivity and inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum (2004)

Cryptosporidium parvum presents a significant problem for the water industry and public health officials because of its prevalence in sources of drinking water and its resistance to chlorine-based disinfectants; there is an urgent need for alternative, more effective disinfection strategies. Therefore, developing and evaluating methods for assessing the infectivity and inactivation of C. parvum oocysts are of paramount importance. Infectivity assays based on in-vitro cell culture have been developed as alternatives to human and animal-based assays to overcome ethical, cost, and practicality issues. Data obtained over a two-year period with an HCT-8 cell culture/RT-PCR infectivity assay generated an ID50 of 99 oocysts (95% CI: 84-117) and demonstrated that the cell culture assay was equivalent to the standard CD-1 mouse model for measuring infectivity of C. parvum oocysts. Aggregate data generated over two years using the HCT-8 cell culture/RT-PCR assay to measure UV disinfection of C. parvum demonstrated that 2.4 mJ/cm2 and 4.9 mJ/cm2 were necessary to achieve 1-log10 and 2-log10 inactivation, respectively. This work demonstrated that an HCT-8 cell culture-based infectivity coupled with RT-PCR for detecting C. parvum infections is a practical tool that can provide valuable information about the efficacy of disinfectants and the infectivity of oocysts in environmental waters.
Directional perception of distributed sound sources (2011)

The perception of spatially distributed sound sources was investigated by conducting two listening experiments in anechoic conditions with 13 loudspeakers evenly distributed in the frontal horizontal plane emitting incoherent noise signals. In the first experiment, widely distributed sound sources with gaps in their distribution emitted pink noise. The results indicated that the exact loudspeaker distribution could not be perceived accurately and that the width of the distribution was perceived to be narrower than it was in reality. Up to three spatially distributed loudspeakers that were simultaneously emitting sound could be individually perceived. In addition, the number of loudspeakers that were indicated as emitting sound was smaller than the actual number. In the second experiment, a reference with 13 loudspeakers and test cases with fewer loudspeakers were presented and their perceived spatial difference was rated. The effect of the noise bandwidth was of particular interest. Noise with different bandwidths centered around 500 and 4000 Hz was used. The results indicated that when the number of loudspeakers was increased from four to seven, the perceived auditory event was very similar to that perceived with 13 loudspeakers at all bandwidths. The perceived differences were larger in wideband noise than in narrow-band noise.