gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Castration on RNase Activity in Rat Ventral Prostate (1973)

Cellular RNA content in the rat ventral prostate is decreased by castration, and therefore the influence of castration on prostatic alkaline and acid RNase activities was investigated. Castration resulted in the increase of both prostatic RNase activities pertissue protein with the resultant decrease of prostatic RNA content. RNase activities in lung or liver homogenates were not altered by the castration. Prostatic alkaline RNase activity (pH 7.9) was more sensitive to the androgen level than acid RNase activity (pH 5.5), although the latter was higher. The specific activity of alkaline RNase increased remarkably, and in a reverse relation to this, the protein content decreased in the ventral prostate after castration. Therefore, the total activity of the RNase in the prostate was hardly altered by the castration. This selective retention of the RNases would contribute to the maintenance of the RNA degradative ability during the prostate involution. Therefore, the marked decrease of RNA content in the prostate of a castrated rat would be attributed to the decline of RNA synthesizing ability and furthermore the maintenance of RNA degradative ability.
P4–089: Interference of cognitive disorders in everyday life: The diagnostic accuracy of a new Instrumental Activities of Daily Living instrument (2013)

An important issue in the clinical diagnosis of dementia is how to quantify the level of interference of cognitive disorders in everyday life. Commonly used informant-based questionnaires aimed at 'instrumental activities of daily living' (IADL) are generally outdated and have important quality limitations. We recently developed the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire © (A-IADL-Q), an instrument aimed at measuring IADL problems in early dementia. In the current study, we set out to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the A-IADL-Q. In this prospective diagnostic study, consecutive referrals visiting the Alzheimer center of the VU University Medical center were included (n = 278). Their informants, merely consisting of spouses, completed the A-IADL-Q. Patients were diagnosed using standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia (DSM-IV), independently of the A-IADL-Q scores. Diagnostic accuracy was investigated using receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curves (AUC). An optimal cut-off point for the A-IADL-Q was determined and sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated for the A-IADL-Q, and the A-IADL-Q in combination with the MMSE. The prevalence of dementia was 50.7%. Patients diagnosed with dementia had lower Amsterdam IADL scores (M=45.78, SD=8.30) than patients without dementia (M=54.48, SD=9.49), t(276)=8.14, p<.001. Overall diagnostic accuracy based on the AUC was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.70–0.81) for the A-IADL-Q. The optimal cut-off score for the A-IADL-Q was set at 51.4, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.66. Combining the A-IADL-Q with the MMSE greatly improved specificity (0.94) and LR+ (9.0) when tests were used in series. In this study, we found a good diagnostic accuracy for A-IADL-Q, which improved further when combined with the MMSE. With a pragmatic approach, we showed that a positive result on both MMSE and A-IADL-Q is a strong indicator of dementia. These results support the role of the A-IADL-Q in diagnosing dementia.
Methods of phytochemical standardisation of rhizoma Cimicifugae racemosae (2004)

The methanolic extract of roots of Cimicifuga racemosa and its methanolysis products have been analysed by GC-MS. 2-Hexylcyclopropaneoctanoic acid (9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid) was found to be the marker most specific for the identification for this herb. For the phytochemical standardisation of Rhizoma Cimicifugae racemosae, validated methods for the quantitative analysis of formononetin (by TLC-fluorometry), of isoferulic acid (by GC-MS of the methyl ester), and of total triterpene glycosides (transformed to coloured complexes and measured photometrically) in roots of C. racemosa have been developed. The contents of formononetin, isoferulic acid and total triterpene glycosides (measured as actein) in the herb ranged from 0.0031 to 0.0035, from 1.22 to 1.35 and from 20.09 to 22.06 mg/g dry weight, respectively.
Effect of Na Addition on Iron-Based Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (2007)

A series of Fe-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS) were prepared by impregnation of the FeCuK/SiO2 precursor with different amounts of sodium acetate.The catalysts were characterized by atomic emission spectroscopy,N2 adsorption,temperature-programmed reduction,and Mssbauer effect spectroscopy.The catalytic performance for FTS was investigated in a continuous stirred tank slurry reactor under reaction conditions of H2/CO=0.67,WHSV=2 000 h-1,1.5 MPa,and 250 ℃.A low level of Na loading increases the surface area of the catalyst and enhances the dispersion of iron species in the catalyst,but excessive addition of Na decreases the surface area.Incorporation of Na in the catalyst inhibits the first step reduction in H2 and promotes carburization in CO or syngas.The catalysts with different Na loadings display various FTS activity and are deactivated after 500 h on stream to some extent.Moreover,the reaction results indicate that the addition of Na slightly affects water-gas shift activity,suppresses methane selectivity,and promotes light alkene selectivity.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor in diabetes mellitus. (1988)

Parameters of fibrinolysis, including euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-inhibitor) activity, and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex (PAP) were studied in 62 patients (35 women and 27 men; ages 53 +/- 16 years) with either insulin-dependent (IDDM) or noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus. Compared to a control group of similar age (n = 57), the diabetic patients had a significantly lower mean euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (1.2 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) but significantly higher mean t-PA antigen (15.7 +/- 8.4 vs. 6.6 +/- 2.9 ng/ml, p less than 0.001) and PA-inhibitor activity (2.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 IU/ml, p less than 0.001) levels. Significant univariate correlations were observed between PA-inhibitor activity and age (r = 0.32, p less than 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.42, p less than 0.01) and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (r = -0.40, p less than 0.01). In multivariate analysis, only body mass index (positively) and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (negatively) remained significantly related to PA-inhibitor activity in the total diabetic population as well as in the NIDDM group. The only parameter in the IDDM group significantly related to PA-inhibitor activity was diastolic blood pressure. These results suggest that PA-inhibitor plays a role in the regulation of fibrinolysis in diabetes patients and that factors like obesity and hypertension may be related to reduced fibrinolysis via PA-inhibitor levels.
Thomas Raidy, Ph.D. (2006)

It is with great sorrow that we note the recent untimely death of Tom Raidy, a long-time friend and significant contributor to our field. Tom received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Waterloo in Canada. Tom served as an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the University of South Carolina at Aiken as well as a Research Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the University of South Carolina at Columbia, working with Paul Ellis. In the mid-1980s, Tom joined the engineering staff at what was then GE NMR Instruments, in Fremont, CA. Although Tom always considered himself a “theoretician,” he developed exceptional expertise in both the software and hardware aspects of MR engineering. For example, Tom was one of the key figures on the engineering team that developed the second-generation of GE's animal-imaging MR instrument; the Omega. Thomas Raidy, Ph.D. In the late 1980s, Tom joined the GE Medical Systems group in Waukesha, WI, where he subsequently became the engineering manager for the Signa Spectroscopy product. Tom had a seminal role in the development of GE's automated proton spectroscopy package, which was first described in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1994;31:365–373. The PROBE (proton brain exam) spectroscopy option was the first truly push-button clinical MRS exam, providing information about localized brain chemistry in less than 10 min. PROBE was granted U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marketing clearance in June of 1995 and was approved as a reimbursable procedure the following year. Again, Tom was one of the major driving forces in these efforts. For many years following its introduction, PROBE was the only clinical spectroscopy option of its kind and remains one of the leading products in the industry. PROBE has been installed on hundreds of 1.5-T and 3-T MR systems around the world and played an essential role in establishing proton MRS as an important adjunct to a clinical MR exam. After a successful industrial career at GE, Tom had recently returned to academics. Tom held the position of Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Duke University School of Medicine. Tom played a critical role in a variety of clinical research projects in the department and his invaluable MR expertise will surely be missed. Following his move to Duke, Tom also served as an expert reviewer for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. For those of us that knew or interacted with Tom, he was a man of exemplary integrity and generosity. Both clinical MR users and his academic colleagues will remember Tom as a consummate professional, whose selfless dedication was unrivaled by many in the field. Tom was also a devoted family man and is survived by his wonderful wife, Laurel, and their three adult children Tom, Vanessa, and Aidan. Our condolences go out to them for their loss. As many of his colleagues have noted, Tom was “one of the good guys”—we could not agree more. Our field has suffered a great loss in Tom's passing; however, his example will hopefully carry on through those of us who knew him as a colleague and a friend.
Patents on Plant Transcription Factors (2008)

Transcription factors are clue elements in the regulation of signal transduction pathways in living organisms. These proteins are able to recognize and bind specific sequences in the promoter regions of their targets and subsequently activate or repress entire metabolic or developmental processes. About 1500 TFs were informatically identified in plants, analysis mainly based in the presence of DNA-binding domains in the translated sequences. However, only a few of these 1500 were functionally characterized and clearly classified as TFs. Among these, several seem to be powerful biotechnological tools in order to improve agronomic crops via the obtaining of transgenic plants or as molecular markers. Such TFs have become the objects of patents presentations in the whole world. The assigned uses present a variety of purposes including the improvement in yield, abiotic and biotic stresses tolerances as well as a combination of them. Some examples are commented in the present overview. Most of these TFs confer to transgenic plants complex phenotypes due to a combination of different regulated pathways. In this sense, the use of inducible promoters instead of constitutive ones seems in some cases to be useful to limit the changed phenotype to the desired one, avoiding lateral effects. None of these TFs was converted up to now in a market product since time-consuming experiments and regulation permits are required to arrive to such point. Moreover, a considerable money investment must be done, not justified in all cases. However, it is likely that these molecules will become in the near future the first choice for breeders since it was demonstrated that TFs are very efficient conferring desired traits to transgenic plants. Additionally, for the public perception the over or ectopic expression of a plant gene should be more accepted than the use of molecules from other species.
Optimized piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit using step-down converter in discontinuous conduction mode (2003)

An optimized method of harvesting vibrational energy with a piezoelectric element using a step-down DC-DC converter is presented. In this configuration, the converter regulates the power flow from the piezoelectric element to the desired electronic load. Analysis of the converter in discontinuous current conduction mode results in an expression for the duty cycle-power relationship. Using parameters of the mechanical system, the piezoelectric element, and the converter; the "optimal" duty cycle can be determined where the harvested power is maximized for the level of mechanical excitation. It is shown that, as the magnitude of the mechanical excitation increases, the optimal duty cycle becomes essentially constant, greatly simplifying the control of the step-down converter. The expression is validated with experimental data showing that the optimal duty cycle can be accurately determined and maximum energy harvesting attained. A circuit is proposed which implements this relationship, and experimental results show that the converter increases the harvested power by approximately 325%.
Purification of Cardiomyocytes From Differentiating Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Molecular Beacons That Target Cardiomyocyte-Specific mRNA (2013)

We developed a novel cardiomyocyte selection system that allows production of highly purified cardiomyocytes. These purified cardiomyocytes and this system can be valuable for cell therapy and drug discovery.
A new PVC/SPB detection method: Based on analytical spectra technique (2016)

The report is devoted to research and development of new ECG processing methods, based on Multiscale Correlation Analysis approach, in particular, the development of new PVC (premature ventricular complexes) and SPB (supraventricular premature beats) detection method. It is shown that in case of ECG, where a signal has a form of repeated wave pulses, the instruments previously developed by the authors and called the analytical spectra technique are highly effective. Computational algorithm based on this technique accurately estimates the heart rate. Heart rate estimation allows for building premature beats detection algorithm. The report provides first results received in this direction. The results of PVC/SPB detection for long ECG recordings from standard MIT-BIH NSRDB and SADB are briefly summarized in the appropriate section and shortly characterized in the conclusions.
Synergistic Sodiation of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Conductive Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Sodium-Ion Battery (2016)

Replacing lithium with sodium in batteries for energy storage is of enormous interest, especially from practical and economic considerations. However, it has proved difficult to achieve competitive figures of merit for sodium-ion batteries due to lack of detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism(s). Herein we report sodium electrochemical conversion reaction with Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanotubes (Co 3 O 4 /CNT) utilizing in-situ TEM, down to the atomic-scale. We observe synergetic effects of the two nanoscale components, which provide insights into a new sodiation mechanism, facilitated by Na-diffusion along CNT backbone and CNT-Co 3 O 4 interfaces. A thin layer of amorphous low conductivity Na 2 O forms on the CNT surfaces at the beginning of sodiation. Conversion reaction results in the formation of ultrafine metallic Co nanoparticles and polycrystalline Na 2 O, and surprisingly fast diffusion of the reaction products. In the desodiation, the dissociation of Na 2 O and formation of Co 3 O 4 due to the de-conversion reaction are observed.
Cardiovascular Genetics (2007)

When the double helical structure of DNA was first proposed in 1953 by Watson and Crick in a two-page Nature article (), no one could have predicted the tremendous impact this discovery would have in establishing the study of human genetic diseases. This discovery was an important landmark in the development of the field of cardiovascular genetics. In the last 30 years, several technological advances have fueled a surge in cardiovascular genetic research. Such advances include the understanding of biochemical components of DNA, the development of cloning techniques and DNA sequencing, the amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the identification of restriction enzymes (the molecular biologist’s “scalpel”) for handling small pieces of DNA, and the undertaking of the Human Genome Project (). Today, cardiovascular genetics is characterized by the integration of high-technology laboratory studies and clinical medicine. Within the last decade, cardiovascular genetics has redefined the etiology and diagnostic criteria for numerous diseases and has led to the development of new, individualized treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
Tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) production during experimental Chagas' disease. (1988)

Mice infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi are primed for the production of tumour necrosis factor/cachectin. Active infection is not required for stimulation of TNF production as formalin-fixed, but not heat-killed, parasites can act as a priming stimulus. Both epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of the parasite can prime for TNF production but on a per cell basis, trypomastigotes are more potent stimulators than epimastigotes and live parasites prime more efficiently than killed preparations. Although the priming effect of epimastigotes and trypomastigotes is dose-dependent when assayed 10 days after parasite injection, parasitemia levels in the infected mice do not correlate with the level of TNF production. Spleen cells from infected mice are also primed for the production in vitro of TNF in response to LPS or T. cruzi. These results suggest that TNF may be constitutively produced in vivo and that the priming for TNF production, or the production itself, may be regulated during the course of the infection in mice.
Intelligent service to perform overtaking in vehicular networks (2015)

Overtaking vehicles is a risky task and could cause serious accidents, especially on two-lane highways. There are various efforts in order to make this a safer task. An alternative to this is the use of communication between vehicles and advanced techniques to decide the safest time for overtaking. Thus, in this paper we propose a driver assistance service that uses real-time information transmitted among vehicles and formal methods to calculate the trajectories and to assign the optimal behavior to overtake. For this, we used Probabilistic Model Checking (PMC), which explores all the possibilities of the system indicating the correct configuration to the vehicles involved. In the evaluated study case, the results showed that it is possible to find a secure configuration in a scenario with three vehicles and a collision's probability of 98%.
Stereoselective Catalysis in Organofluorine Chemistry (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of Phytoecdysteroid Glycosides in Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) Seed Meal by Positive and Negative Ion LC-MS/MS (2008)

Meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba) is an oilseed crop grown in western Oregon. The seed meal has potential value as a biopesticide due to glucosinolate degradation products and phytoecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids with potent activities as arthropod molting hormones. Liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry operated in the precursor ion mode revealed the presence of four ecdysteroid glycosides in meadowfoam seed meal. The carbohydrate sequence and the identity of the ecdysteroid aglycones, ponasterone A and 20-hydroxyecdysone, were determined by product ion scanning. Ecdysteroids were detected in the negative ion mode as [M + formate] (-) ions, which yielded [M - H] (-) and alpha-cleavage fragments with retention of hydroxyl groups in MS/MS experiments (not seen in the positive ion mode), allowing the determination of the number of hydroxyl groups in the side chain and in the steroid ring system. MS/MS of glycoside ions ([MH] (+) or [M + formate] (-)) provided carbohydrate sequence information.
Elevated Monoamine Oxidase A Levels in the Brain (2006)

The sizable magnitude of this finding and the absence of other compelling explanations for monoamine loss during major depressive episodes led to the conclusion that elevated MAO-A density is the primary monoamine-lowering process during major depression.
Biocatalytic synthesis of acrylates in organic solvents and supercritical fluids: I. Optimization of enzyme environment (1992)

Biocatalytic transesterification of methylmethacrylate is possible in many different solvents. The reaction rate is readily controlled by variation in solvent physical properties. The reaction proceeds better in hydrophobic solvents, and activity can be restored in hydrophilic solvents by the addition of water. We have now demonstrated that supercritical carbon dioxide is not a good solvent for the reaction between 2-ethlhexanol and methylmethacrylate. It appearance that the supercritical carbon dioxide may either alter the pH of the microaqueous environment associated with the protein or reversibly form covalent complexes with free amine groups on the surface of the enzyme. Although supercritical carbon dioxide is a poor solvent for acrylate transesterification, many other supercritical fluids (ethane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, and fluoroform) are better than most conventional solvents. In supercritical ethane it is possible to control the activity of the enzyme by changing pressure, and the enzyme appears to follow Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. We find that sulfur hexafluoride, the first anhydrous inorganic solvent in which biocatalytic activity has been reported, is a better solvent than any conventional or supercritical organic fluid tested.
13C-NMR spectrum field and temperature dependence of 13CO bound to hemoglobin. (2000)

13Carbon monoxide (CO), when bound to hemoglobin, yields (13)C NMR resonances (CO-Fe resonances). 100% CO liganded tetrameric hemoglobin ((13)C-labelled CO) was prepared for (13)C-NMR observation. The information about exchange kinetics between the four subunits (2alpha and 2B), were derived by changing the temperature (in the range 275-313K) and the observation frequency (4.7T, 9.4T and 18.8T). The first results confirmed previous observations of slow exchange between free and bound (2alpha and 2B together) CO. Besides, the exchange between alpha and B subunits were found slow at the NMR timescale, even under 313K and 4.7T conditions. Furthermore, intermediate temperatures (283-303K) allowed the observation of broad unresolved lines at 9.4T, corresponding both to CSA contribution and exchange linebroadening. Finally, low temperatures (less than 277K, at 9.4T) provided four relatively broad - but clearly distinguishable lines - indicating that a slow exchange rate was reached between four Fe-CO geometries on the subunits. This also indicated that two main Fe-CO orientations were different, even between similar chains (alpha1-alpha2 and B1-B2).
Organocatalytic Functionalization of Carboxylic Acids: Isothiourea-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intra- and Intermolecular Michael Addition−Lactonizations (2011)

Tetramisole promotes the catalytic asymmetric intramolecular Michael addition-lactonization of a variety of enone acids, giving carbo- and heterocyclic products with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to 99:1 dr, up to 99% ee) that are readily derivatized to afford functionalized indene and dihydrobenzofuran carboxylates. Chiral isothioureas also promote the catalytic asymmetric intermolecular Michael addition-lactonization of arylacetic acids and α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated esters, giving anti-dihydropyranones with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to 98:2 dr, up to 99% ee).