gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Contribution of the Nasal Cavity and Gastrointestinal Tract to Drug Absorption Following Nasal Application to Rats (2007)

Drugs applied to the nose in in vivo physiologic condition undergo absorption from the nasal cavity and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because drug solution in the nasal cavity, together with mucus layer, is cleared to pharynx and then to the GI tract by coordinated beat of the cilia on nasal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to develop evaluate the contribution of the nasal cavity and the GI tract to drug absorption following nasal application and to clarify the relation to the transepithelial permeability of the drug (the permeability to Caco-2 monolayer, P(Caco-2)). Male Wistar rats received intravenous, nasal, and oral drug administration and drug concentration-time profiles in plasma were determined. Fractional absorption after nasal application (Fn) and oral administration (Fpo) were calculated from the area under the curve following intravenous injection (AUCiv), nasal application (AUCn), and oral administration (AUCpo) as AUCn/AUCiv and AUCpo/AUCiv, respectively. Fractional absorption from the nasal cavity (F(NC)) and the GI tract (F(GI)) following nasal application was calculated as (Fn-Fpo)/(1-Fpo) and Fpo(1-F(NC)), respectively. The shape of the curve between F(NC) and P(Caco-2) was similar with the one observed in the case of oral bioavailability except the curve shifted right. It is noteworthy that the relation between F(GI) and P(Caco-2) showed a bell-shaped curve with peak at 10(-6) cm/s of P(Caco-2). Highly permeable drug is primarily absorbed through the nasal mucosa before it is cleared to the GI tract. With the decrease in P(Caco-2), the larger amount of the drug is cleared to the GI tract and absorption from the GI tract is increased. Poorly permeable drug, on the other hand, was absorbed neither from the nasal was nor the GI tract. These findings suggest that the primary absorption site of drug after nasal application is decided by mucociliary clearance and absorption through the nasal mucosa.
Chemische Ustersuchungen der Inhaltsstoffe von Pteris kiuschiuensis HIERON. (1975)

Im Zusammenhang mit der chemotaxonomischen Studien der Gattung Pteris und der verwandten Gattungen konnten aus Pteris kiuschiuensis HIERON. neben dem bereits bekannten Pterosin Q (I) drei neue Indan-1-on-Verbindungen, nahmlich Pterosin S (II), T (III) und U (IV) isoliert werden, deren Strukturen durch spektroskopische und CD-Daten aufgeklart werden. In allen Fallen handelt es sich um Diastereoisomerengemische.
Density and mechanical investigation of sintered Cronix 70 alloy parts produced by additive manufacturing (2020)

In the work, the samples obtained from polymeric feedstock based on bimodal powders of Cronix 70 alloy, obtained by an electric explosion of wire, are investigated. Samples were obtained by the 3D-FDM printing method with the use of micro-extrusion head for a 3D printer. It was found that the density of printed products is at least 95% when sintering parts to 0.9 from the melting point. Despite the discreteness of the obtained parts, the tensile strength and hardness are within the range of standard values for the Cronix 70 alloy.
Vertical atlantoaxial distraction injuries: radiological criteria and clinical implications (2004)

In 95% of healthy individuals, the LMI ranged between 0.7 and 2.6 mm. An LMI greater than 2.6 mm indicates the possibility of a distraction injury, which can be confirmed using MR imaging. Patients with a suspected C1-2 distraction injury may be candidates for surgical fusion of C1-2.
Transforming growth factor β1, insulin and prostaglandin E1 enhance prostaglandin F2α mitogenic action in Swiss 3T3 cells via separate events (1994)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) had no mitogenic effect in Swiss 3T3 cells, but could increase prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)-induced DNA synthesis. Insulin, but not prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), further enhanced PGF2 alpha action at low TGF beta 1 concentrations. TGF beta 1 also acted concertedly with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol to induce mitogenesis. Thus, it appears that TGF beta 1 and insulin act via separate signals, while TGF beta 1 and PGE1 might share a common pathway not involving TGF beta 1-mediated prostaglandin synthesis. These results suggest that TGF beta 1 might elicit various signalling mechanisms to enhance PGF2 alpha-triggered events.
Be-doped low-temperature grown GaAs for ultrafast optoelectronic devices and applications (2002)

In this paper we review ultrafast optoelectronics devices made from low-temperature grown GaAs and related materials. The required material parameters for optimized devices are discussed. Our investigations on technology, structural quality, electrical characteristics and photoexcited carrier dynamics show that beryllium doped LT-GaAs meets all these requirements. In addition, doping with Be provides more flexibility in tuning material characteristics of low-temperature grown GaAs, which is a considerable advantage in device fabrication.
Bis(DL-aspartic acid) oxalate (2003)

In the title compound, 2C4H8NO4+·C2O42−, the amino acid mol­ecule exists in the cationic form and the oxalic acid mol­ecule exists as a doubly charged oxalate anion which lies across an inversion centre in the crystal. The screw-related cations are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form infinite columns parallel to the b axis. The columns are interlinked by anions through O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Development of New Methodology for Bond Activation by Transition Metal Complexes and Their Application toward Functional Molecule Synthesis (2009)

In this review, the results of studies on new methodology for bond activation by using transition metal complexes are described, in order to realize the expeditious and selective synthesis of organic compounds. Carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, accompanying with cleavage of unactivated bonds such as carbon-carbon, carbon-boron, and carbon-silicon bonds, are reported. This review involves, for examples, the new synthetic methodology to introduce both cyano and ester groups (cyanoesterification) via the C-C bond activation, regio- and stereoselective synthesis multi-substituted olefins mediated a zirconocene complex via the C-B bond activation, and cross-coupling reaction of alkynylsilanes activated by a copper salt via the C-Si bond cleavage. Each reaction can be applicable to synthesis of functional molecules such as opto-electronic materials, an anti-cancer agent, and liquid crystalline compounds.
Nitroisoxazoles by Manganese(IV) Oxide Oxidation of Nitro-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles (1993)

Aryl and alkyl substituted 3- and 5-nitroisoxazole derivatives were prepared from the appropriate 3- and 5-nitro-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles using manganese(IV) oxide as oxidizing agent. Some of the 3-nitro-4-substituted isoxazoles were prepared directly by reaction of 2-substituted 3-bromo-l-halopropanes with sodium nitrite.
Reaction of Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase with 2,6-Dichloroindolphenol and Cytochrome c3+:  Influence of the Electron Acceptor and Binding of Ca2+-Activated Calmodulin on the Kinetic Mechanism (2001)

Binding of Ca(2+)-activated calmodulin (Ca(2+)-CaM) to neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) increases the rate of 2,6-dichloroindolphenol (DCIP) reduction 2-3-fold and that of cytochrome c(3+) 10-20-fold. Parallel initial velocity patterns indicated that both substrates were reduced via two-half reactions in a ping-pong mechanism. Product and dead-end inhibition data with DCIP were consistent with an iso ping-pong bi-bi mechanism; however, product and dead-end inhibition studies with cytochrome c(3+) were consistent with the (two-site) ping-pong mechanism previously described for the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-catalyzed reduction of cytochrome c(3+) [Sem, D., and Kasper, C. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 12012--12021]. Dead-end inhibition by 2'-adenosine monophosphate (2'AMP) was competitive versus NADPH for both electron acceptors, although the value of the slope inhibition constant, K(is), was 25-30-fold greater with DCIP as the substrate than with cytochrome c(3+). The difference in the apparent affinity of 2'AMP is proposed to result from a rapidly equilibrating isomerization step that occurs in both mechanisms prior to the binding of NADPH. Thus, initial velocity, product, and dead-end inhibition data were consistent with a di-iso ping-pong bi-bi and an iso (two-site) ping-pong mechanism for the reduction of DCIP and cytochrome c(3+), respectively. The presence Ca(2+)-CaM did not alter the proposed kinetic mechanisms. The activated cofactor had a negligible effect on (k(cat)/K(m))(NADPH), while it increased (k(cat)/K(m))(DCIP) and (k(cat)/K(m))(cytc) 4.5- and 23-fold, respectively.
Marginal Structural Models with Counterfactual Effect Modifiers (2018)

2000;11:561-570), and a non-targeted G-computation estimator (Robins JM. A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with sustained exposure periods - application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect. Math Modell. 1986;7:1393-1512.). The comparative performance of these estimators is assessed in a simulation study. The use of the projected TMLE estimator is illustrated in a secondary data analysis for the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial where effect modifiers are subject to missing at random.
Teleoperation of multiple robots through the Internet (2002)

The paper describes a human interface system for multirobot teleoperation using the WWW system. In order to realize the multirobot teleoperation, we discuss both of operation problems and network problems. Three levels of operation methods to manipulate robots flexibly and a connecting method between the interface system and WWW system are proposed for these problems. Based on the proposed methods, an interface system utilizing the WWW technology is constructed on the workstation on which our WWW server runs. When the WWW clients require tasks to the robot, the WWW server calls up the interface programs by using CGI scripts. Communication methods between the interface and the robots are defined to realize task coordination by the interface system. By using this system, the operator can carry out inspection tasks from a distant place by teleoperating actual mobile robots.
Autoantibody to DNA topoisomerase II in primary liver cancer (1995)

A patient with chronic hepatitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection was observed to convert from antinuclear antibody-negative to antinuclear antibody-positive status at the time when liver cancer was detected. The newly recognized antibodies reacted with a nuclear protein doublet of 170 and 180 kDa in immunoblotting, and in fluorescence-activated flow cytometry the antigens were shown to vary in expression level in a cell cycle-related manner: minimum in G1, increasing in S, and maximum in G2 and M. In synchronized HeLa and HEp-2 cells, immunofluorescence microscopy showed uniformly distributed staining of the nucleoplasm in S-phase, with increased intensity of nucleoplasmic staining in G2, at which time nucleolar staining was also present. In M, condensed chromosomes were uniformly stained. Using previously characterized polyclonal antibodies to DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) as reference markers, the antigens recognized by the patient's serum were shown in Western blotting to have the same mobilities as DNA topo IIalpha (170 kDa) and beta (180 kDa) isoforms. The patient's serum was also highly efficient in inhibiting DNA topo II in an in vitro functional assay. Antibody to DNA topo II appeared de novo in close association with transformation to cancer, and since dysregulation of DNA topo II is considered to be involved in some forms of tumorigenesis, the observed antibody response in this patient could conceivably be an immune reaction to the abnormally regulated protein.
Snapshot conical diffraction phase image measurement in angle-resolved microellipsometry (2013)

We describe a snapshot conical diffraction phase image measurement method in angle resolved microelliposometry employing an objective lens for incidence angle modulation. We expect the proposed scheme can be extended to digital holography based conical diffraction phase image extraction field.
Involvement of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway for interleukin-1. (1990)

Expression of a highly specific protein inhibitor for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-responsive cells blocked IL-1-induced gene transcription that was driven by the kappa immunoglobulin enhancer or the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. This inhibitor did not affect protein kinase C-mediated gene transcription, suggesting that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathway for IL-1 in a number of responsive cell types.
Binder Removal from Ceramic‐Filled Thermoplastic Blends (2006)

Thermogravimetric analysis is used to examine the degradation of a multicomponent polymer binder consisting of a blend of a polyethylene co‐ethyl acrylate with a polyisobutymethacrylate polymer. In the polymer blends without ceramic powder, the methacrylate component degrades at a temperature lower than the ethylene copolymer. Minor additives polyethylene glycol, stearic acid, and paraffinic mineral oil are also considered. The thermal degradation of a five‐component blend is only approximately as expected from the individual components, with retardation of the methacrylate degradation. Oxide ceramic powder significantly alters polymer degradation, retarding degradation in the early stages but accelerating degradation in the later exothermic stages. Polymer–polymer interactions and oxide–polymer interactions make the degradation behavior of blends difficult to predict from single component behavior.
Exploiting the Intron-splicing Mechanism of Insect Cells to Produce Viral Vectors Harboring Toxic Genes for Suicide Gene Therapy (2012)

Two mammalian introns, the human growth hormone intron and the Simian virus 40 large T antigen intron, were inserted into the coding sequences of diphtheria toxin fragment A (DT-A) and barnase (Bar), respectively, to disrupt their open-reading frames (ORFs). Expression of these two toxic proteins were totally abolished, which enabled the production of normal levels of recombinant baculoviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors in insect cells. When these viral vectors were introduced into mammalian cells, the introns were spliced out and the toxic proteins were expressed, which resulted in apoptosis in mammalian cells. This is the first report to show that viral vectors harboring toxin genes can be produced at normal levels by exploiting the intron-splicing mechanism of insect cells. Furthermore, viral vectors carrying the DT-A gene under control of tumor-specific promoters were able to exert tumor-specific cell killing. This novel method to produce viral vectors harboring toxic genes under control of tumor-specific promoter offers a powerful tool for further research, as well as for the development of toxin-based suicide gene therapy drugs.Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids (2012) 1, e57; doi:10.1038/mtna.2012.48; published online 27 November 2012.
Adaptation of methotrexate determination in serum with Unicel DxC600® (2012)

High-dose methotrexate treatment requires pharmacological monitoring in order to tailor administration of folinic acid to reduce side effects. The aim of the study was to validate the adaptation of the EMIT reagent on the l'Unicel DxC 600® Beckman Coulter. The establishment of two assays was necessary to obtain a quantification limit as low as possible (0.05 μmol/L). The linearity of the adapted methods extends from 0.05 to 0.25 μmol/L on the one hand, and from 0.25 to 1 μmol/L on the other hand. For each method, fidelity and accuracy were studied and the limits of detection and quantification were quantified. The correlation with the FPIA method was performed on the Abbott TDX(®). The results of all tests are satisfactory with coefficients of variation (CV) of repeatability and reproducibility of less than 6%. However the daily assays are heavy as 66% of blood samples require at least two dosages and 30% a manual dilution.
Sexual and Social Behavior of Crustacea (2007)

Abstract The Crustacea represents one of the major branches in the tree of animal life, displaying diversity in form and lifestyle that rival those of the vertebrates and insects. But perhaps because of the primarily aquatic habits of crustaceans, they have received much less attention in evolutionary ecology than mostly terrestrial taxa. The chapters in this book make clear the richness of adaptations of crustaceans to social and sexual life, and their still largely untapped potential to test fundamental theory in behavioral ecology and evolution. Kinship, cooperation, and conflict play an important role in social evolution, modulated by extrinsic factors (resource competition, predation or parasitism), some of which have only recently begun to be studied. There are rich opportunities awaiting the student willing to pursue them, both in clarifying the social and sexual biology of individual crustacean species and in exploiting the Crustacea in broad comparative approaches to testing evolutionary theory.
Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum comparative susceptibility to antimalarial drugs in Mali (2021)

Our data indicated that chloroquine, lumefantrine and artemether may not be suitable for the treatment of P. malariae infections and the potential of piperaquine, as well as new antimalarials imidazolopiperazines and PI4K-specific inhibitor, for P. malariae cure.
Performance advances in interferometric optical profilers for imaging and testing (2008)

Interferometric optical profilers deliver non-contact, fast, full-field measurements with vertical resolution down to a fraction of a nanometer. Over the last decade advancements to these instruments have allowed for the analysis of not only static but also dynamic objects, like cantilevers and other microelectromechanical system devices, moving or vibrating at up to 1 MHz frequencies. Special objectives and illumination allow for imaging and testing of objects enclosed in environmental or protective chambers or immersed in liquids—including biological samples. Advanced analysis of the interference signal allows for the measurement not just of the surface profile but also transparent coatings.
Radiology Case Quiz 2 (2007)

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The impact of the cost of quality on serial supply‐chain network design (2012)

This paper presents a model for supply‐chain design that considers the Cost of Quality as well as the traditional manufacturing and distribution costs (SC‐COQ model). It includes three main contributions: (1) the SC‐COQ model internally computes quality costs for the whole supply chain considering the interdependencies among business entities, whereas previous works have assumed exogenously given Cost of Quality functions; (2) the SC‐COQ model can be used at a strategic planning level to design a logistic route that achieves a maximum profit while considering the overall quality level within a supply chain; and (3) we provide two solution methods based on simulated annealing and a genetic algorithm and perform computational experiments on test instances.
Granola: low-overhead distributed transaction coordination (2012)

This thesis presents Granola, a transaction coordination infrastructure for building reliable distributed storage applications. Granola provides a strong consistency model, while significantly reducing transaction coordination overhead. Granola supports general atomic operations, enabling it to be used as a platform on which to build various storage systems, e.g., databases or object stores. We introduce specific support for independent transactions, a new type of distributed transaction, that we can serialize with no locking overhead and no aborts due to write conflicts. Granola uses a novel timestamp-based coordination mechanism to serialize distributed transactions, offering lower latency and higher throughput than previous systems that offer strong consistency. Our experiments show that Granola has low overhead, is scalable and has high throughput. We used Granola to deploy an existing single-node
6‐Gingerol Protects Heart by Suppressing Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Inflammation via the PI3K/Akt‐Dependent Mechanism in Rats (2018)

Our previous study has demonstrated that 6-Gingerol (6-G) could alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury alleviation by 6-G remains unelucidated. The objective of the present study is to further investigate the potential mechanism for 6-G to alleviate MIRI in rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the Sham group, the I/R group, the 6-G + I/R group, and the LY294002 (LY) + 6-G + I/R group. For the rats in each of the groups, data were collected for cardiogram, cardiac function, area of myocardial infarction, myocardial pathology, myocardial enzyme, marker of inflammatory response, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We found that the pretreatment of 6-G with 6 mg/kg could shrink the ST section of cardiogram, improve the cardiac function, reduce the area of myocardial infarction and the degree of cardiac pathological injury, lower the level of myocardial enzyme, and inhibit the inflammatory response. In addition, our results also indicated that 6-G could upregulate the expression of PI3K and p-Akt and that LY294002, a blocking agent of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, could nullify the protecting role of 6-G. Our experimental results showed that 6-G could inhibit I/R-induced inflammatory response through the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Dissociated recovery between dementia and parkinsonism by transvenous embolization of recurrent dural arteriovenous fistula (2017)

Abstract Dementia and parkinsonism are rarely observed in dural arteriovenous fistula. Here, we report a case of a 63‐year‐old man with recurrent dural arteriovenous fistula, who developed progressive dementia and parkinsonism as a result of a dural arteriovenous fistula at the torcular herophili. A sinus thrombosis induced the abnormal cortical venous reflux from the isolated straight sinus, resulting in the deep venous congestion of the thalamus and basal ganglia, which led to dementia and parkinsonism. However, the third endovascular embolization ameliorated memory disturbance and apathy with a slight improvement of parkinsonism. Although recoveries from dural arteriovenous fistula‐associated neurological deficits are variable depending on the severity, duration and, furthermore, selective vulnerability of the responsible ischemic lesions, early treatment should be essential for better recovery.