gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CLL12 trial protocol: a placebo-controlled double-blind Phase III study of ibrutinib in the treatment of early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with risk of early disease progression (2015)

Observation (watch and wait) is the standard of care for patients with asymptomatic Binet stage A chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the clinical course of these patients is very heterogeneous with some patients requiring treatment rather soon and others not progressing for ages. The clinical staging does not reflect this high variability of the clinical course of CLL. Published data demonstrate that the comprehensive use of several risk factors dramatically improves the accuracy of prognostication independent of clinical stage. The treatment of CLL underwent considerable changes with the introduction of kinase-inhibitors, including ibrutinib, an orally administered, well-tolerated and potent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. This is the first prospective, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, Phase III study to compare efficacy and safety of ibrutinib to a watch-and-wait approach in Binet stage A CLL with risk of disease progression defined by the comprehensive CLL score.
Considerations on a laser-scanning-microscope with high resolution and depth of field. (1978)

The high-speed milling process is most efficient when the material removal rate or surface generation rate are maximised.However, these two rates are often limited by the occurrence of machine tool chatter. Chatter is an instability phenomenon, which results in heavy vibrations of the tool. This causes an inferior workpiece quality, rapid tool wear\nand noise. Therefore, chatter should be prevented from occurring at all times
Standard electrocardiographic data of young Japanese monkeys (Macaca fusucata). (2013)

The electrocardiogram of nonhuman primates is similar to that of humans because of similar intrathoracic heart position and structure. Despite the frequent use of nonhuman primates in biologic studies, few electrocardiographic studies of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fusucata) have been reported, and no reference data are available for this species. We obtained limb-lead electrocardiograms from indoor-bred and housed ketamine-sedated Japanese macaques (48 male; 56 female; mean age, 44.3 mo; mean body weight, 4.84 kg) in the dorsal recumbency. The following quantitative data was obtained: heart rate, P wave amplitude and width, R wave amplitude, QRS duration, PR interval, QT interval, T wave height, and mean electrical axis. Corrected QT intervals were calculated by using the Bazett and Fridericia formulae. Measurements were evaluated according to sex and age. The duration of the QRS complex showed moderate correlation with age in male monkeys. All parameters, except heart rate, were similar to previous reports from Japanese, cynomolgus, and other macaques. P waves, R waves and mean electrical axis did not differ significantly between humans and Japanese macaques, but the wave amplitude in macaques was half that in humans. Our electrocardiographic measurements can serve as normal reference data for sedated, young Japanese monkeys.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy and General Access to α,α‐Difluoromethylene Phosphonothioic Acids. A New Class of Compounds. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Smart Carbon Nanotubes Assemblies for High Throughput Filtration Devices (2017)

Access to clean water is fundamental to maintain the basic standards of public health. The World Bank is estimating over a billion individuals lacking access to potable water, causing millions of deaths annually. Only few point-of-use technologies are available providing efficient removal of pollutants and pathogens. Hence there is a critical need to develop low-cost, sustainable and highly effective filtration technologies essential for undeveloped countries lacking water treatment infrastructures. Since the Middle Ages, people have been using charcoal to filter water because of its exceptional ability to adsorb contaminants. With the advent of nanotechnology, new forms of carbon have been discovered ( i.e . carbon nanotubes, CNTs), which have demonstrated impressive sorption capacities, and more spectacularly, have found to be able to efficiently remove viruses and bacteria from water. Unfortunately, methods need to be developed to organize CNTs into highly structured and well-understood materials for safe and efficient implementation in filtration devices. Herein we report an unprecedented sequential engineering of the architecture of CNT materials by combining emulsification methods with colloidal self-assembly. This approach allows preparation of well-defined spherical CNT supraparticles, which upon assembly, give rise to a filter whose porosity and density can be precisely engineered, allowing full exploitation of the impressive decontaminating action of CNTs.
Diffraction minimization in SAW devices using wide aperture compensation (1988)

A relationship is outlined between the previously derived uniform asymptotic expansion (UAE) for surface acoustic waves on anisotropic substrates and the intuitive geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). It is demonstrated that even for an anisotropic medium, the leading terms in the UAE have a direct interpretation in terms of the simple GTD. This model allows a physical explanation of the mechanism of ;wide aperture diffraction minimization', a simple technique that allows an almost complete elimination of diffractive effects in SAW devices by merely increasing the aperture of the unapodized transducer by a calculable amount. These techniques are illustrated with both theoretical and experimental results.
Flexible Electronics: Highly Stretchable, High‐Mobility, Free‐Standing All‐Organic Transistors Modulated by Solid‐State Elastomer Electrolytes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 18/2019) (2019)

In article number 1808909, BongSoo Kim, Do Hwan Kim, and co-workers demonstrate highly stretchable, high-mobility, and free-standing coplanar-type all-organic transistors based on deformable solid-state elastomer electrolytes using ionic thermoplastic polyurethane, thereby showing high reliability under mechanical stimuli as well as low-voltage operation. This approach can serve a solution to overcome interfacial problems such as fracture, delamination, and slip found in organic devices under mechanical stress.
Digital protection of power transmission lines in the presence of series connected FACTS devices (2002)

The presence of series connected FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices like TCSC (thyristor controlled series capacitor), TCPST (thyristor controlled phase shifting transformer) and UPFC (unified power flow controller) etc. can drastically effect the performance of a distance relay in a two-terminal system connected by a double-circuit transmission line. The control characteristics of the series connected FACTS devices, their locations on the transmission line, the fault resistance especially the higher ones make this problem more severe and complicated. The fault location with respect to the position of the FACTS devices also greatly influences the trip boundaries of the distance relay. The paper presents apparent impedance calculations for relaying of double-circuit transmission system with varying parameters of the FACTS devices and location. The study reveals the adaptive nature of the protection scheme that necessities the use of an ANN based procedure for the generation of trip boundaries during fault conditions.
Influence of a dielectric barrier on the stochastic behaviour of Trichel-pulse corona (1991)

The influence of a solid polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) dielectric barrier on the stochastic behaviour of negative (Trichel) pulse corona discharges in air is examined. This behavior is revealed from measurement of conditional and unconditional corona pulse-amplitude and pulse-time--separation distributions. The results indicate that the presence of a dielectric surface on the anode effectively reduces the electric field at the point electrode, but does not affect the occurrence of Trichel pulses, provided the point-to-plane gap spacing is greater than a critical value d/sub c/ which depends on the area of the dielectric and the applied voltage. As the gap spacing approaches d/sub c/, the effect of dielectric-surface charging by the corona introduces measurable memory effects indicated by correlations between pulse amplitude and time separation from the previous pulse. For spacings less than d/sub c/, detachable corona-pulse activity is quenched by the presence of a quasi-permanent surface charge on the dielectric.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hip Arthroscopy: Tales From the Crypt. (2016)

Complications after hip arthroscopy vary in frequency and severity, even for experienced surgeons. It is important for surgeons to be aware of some of the more dramatic, often unusual, and always memorable (nightmarish) complications of hip arthroscopy and understand how they are caused, how they can be treated, and how they can be prevented.
Superficial Dorsal Artery of the Forearm: Case Report and Clinical Implications in Reconstructive Microsurgery (2005)

While abnormalities of vascular anatomy in the forearm are common, variations of the radial and ulnar arteries are rare. Nevertheless, arterial variants in the forearm may complicate microvascular reconstructive surgery, such as harvest of radial or ulnar artery- based forearm free flaps. For example, the superficial ulnar artery has an incidence of 2.7% and has been well-described as a “trap” in the harvest of radial forearm flaps. These authors presented a case report of a variant of the radial artery – the superficial dorsal artery of the forearm. The artery has an estimated incidence of 0.7 to 1% and is associated with either an absent or small-caliber rudimentary radial artery. They discussed the clinical presentation and embryology of this structure, as well as its clinical implications to the reconstructive microsurgeon.
[Why is the prevalence of allergy increasing? Changed microbial load is probably the cause]. (1999)

The prevalence of allergic disease is increasing dramatically in industrialised countries. Environmental factors that are putative causes of this increase are to be sought among those that induce a shift in T-helper cell (Th1/Th2) balance toward Th2 immunity dominance, and whose natural occurrence is consistent with epidemiological evidence of regional differences in allergy prevalence. Of such factors, changes in the panorama of bacterial and viral infections, altered intestinal microflora, and changes in dietary habits (particularly increased consumption of omega-6 fatty acids) seem to be the most likely causes of the increased prevalence of allergic diseases. There are also other factors, however, such as diesel exhaust particles, tobacco smoke and environmental toxins, which may partly fulfil the immunological and epidemiological criteria. As several of these putative environmental factors exert powerful effects in vitro, the increase in allergy prevalence is hardly surprising.
Power Loss and Switching Noise Reduction Techniques for Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Regulator (2013)

A new gate drive circuit to reduce the power loss and switching noise of single-inductor-multiple-output regulators is presented. Efficiency degradation and switching noise induced by the cross-talk of the voltages and currents within the power stage and buffer are analyzed. A shoot-through-current (STC) controlled buffer with four-transistor (4T) inverters is presented, and the 4T inverter enables internal STC control and generates two outputs with dead-time. To further isolate the cross-talk, two separate high voltage selectors (HVS) with the proposed buffer are used to power the buffer and the power P-MOSFET body, respectively. Simulation results show that the peak and average currents of the proposed buffer are smaller and much less sensitive to the buffer size than those of the traditional inverter based buffer. Two single-inductor-dual-output boost converters with and without the proposed techniques have been fabricated in a 0.35- μm CMOS process. Experimental results show that the maximum efficiency is increased from 87.8% to 91.6% with the proposed technique.
Cathode-ray tube with excitation-time-dependent color for moving-target-indication (1965)

A cathode-ray tube that has been developed for radar applications differentiates between fixed and moving targets by a change in color. The tube employs a two-layer screen separated by a barrier that is transparent to light but opaque to an electron beam. The layer facing the electron gun is comprised of a mixture of an ultraviolet-emitting phosphor (P16) and a red-orange phosphor (an improved P 19 type). The layer facing the observer is a long-decay green phosphor (P2). The buildup and decay times of the P2 phosphor are lengthened under UV excitation as compared with electron-beam excitation. Under operating conditions when the displayed information is stationary, the mixed phosphor layer of P16 and P19 is excited, emitting UV and red-orange light. The UV in turn excites the P2 to a level so that red and green combine to appear white. For moving targets, excitation time is insufficient for the green to reach its steady-state maximum, therefore the moving target appears red-orange. Differentiation between fixed and moving targets is shown by variation in the color shift because of different excitation times involved.
Do Hydrofluorocarbons Destroy Stratospheric Ozone? (1994)

Hydrofluorocarbons, many of which contain a CF(3) group, are one of the major substitutes for the chlorofluorocarbons and halons that are being phased out because they contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion. It is critical to ensure that CF(3) groups do not cause significant ozone depletion. The rate coefficients for the key reactions that determine the efficiency of the CF(3) radical as a catalyst for ozone loss in the stratosphere have been measured and used in a model to calculate the possible depletion of ozone. From these results, it is concluded that the ozone depletion potentials related to the presence of the CF(3) group in hydrofluorocarbons are negligibly small.
A pilot study of yogic meditation for family dementia caregivers with depressive symptoms: effects on mental health, cognition, and telomerase activity (2012)

This pilot study found that brief daily meditation practices by family dementia caregivers can lead to improved mental and cognitive functioning and lower levels of depressive symptoms. This improvement is accompanied by an increase in telomerase activity suggesting improvement in stress-induced cellular aging. These results need to be confirmed in a larger sample.
Metabolic control through glucocorticoid hormones (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Novel Calcium Antagonists with Both Calcium Overload Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity. 2. Structure−Activity Relationships of Thiazolidinone Derivatives (1999)

CP-060 (1), 2-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-[N-methyl-N-[2-[3, 4-(methylenedioxy)phenoxy]ethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-on e, is a novel type of Ca(2+) antagonist possessing both Ca(2+) overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. The structure-activity relationships for this series of compounds were studied by synthesizing the analogues and evaluating these three kinds of activity. Ca(2+) antagonistic activity was largely determined by the lipophilicity of the phenyl group at the 2-position and the length of the alkyl chains. As for the antioxidant activity, it was demonstrated that the phenolic hydroxyl group is an essential structural element. Compounds with potent activity were evaluated for their effect on the coronary blood flow in vivo. Among these compounds, compound 1 was shown to be the most potent. Furthermore, the enantiomers of 1 were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column. Compound (-)-1 showed about 10 times higher Ca(2+) antagonistic activity than (+)-1, though both enantiomers had similar potency in Ca(2+) overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. An X-ray crystal structure determination of (-)-1 hydrogen fumarate identified (-)-1 as having S configuration at the 2-position.
Coupled Integro-Differential-Assymptotic Solution for Permeabiliy Loss/Restoration Monitoring in Pressure-Sensitive Oil Reservoirs (2022)

Abstract The Nonlinear Hydraulic Diffusivity Equation (NHDE) models the isothermal single-phase Darcian flow through porous media considering the variation in the properties of the rock and the fluid present inside its pores. Typically, the dimensionless solution of the Linear Hydraulic Diffusivity Equation (LHDE) pD(rD, tD) for constant permeability oil flow in porous media is computed through Laplace and Fourier transform or Boltzmann transformation. For the constant permeability approach, the dimensionless general solution in cylindrical coordinates is expressed by the transcendental function exponential integral Ei(rD,tD). This work develops analytically a new coupled perturbative-integro-differential model to solve the NHDE for oil flow in a permeability-pressure-sensitive reservoir with source. The general solution is computed combining a first order asymptotic series expansion, Green's functions (GF's) and a Volterra's second kind integro-differential formulation. A set of pore pressure and permeability values from two sandstones samples of an offshore reservoir from Brazil is obtained experimentally using the geomechanical elastic parameters e.g. the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, and uni-axial cell data. These data are used as an input in the computational code to run the proposed model and evaluate the reservoir permeability change. After these data input, the model runs and allowing to compute the instantaneous reservoir permeability values over the well-reservoir life cycle. The model calibration is performed using a porous media oil flow simulator and the results are accurate.
In vitro studies of the antirhinovirus activity of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (1992)

We studied the in vitro antirhinovirus activity of a soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). sICAM-1 inhibited the cytopathic effect of 10 representative human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes of the major receptor group with, 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 0.1 to 7.9 micrograms/ml. Cell type-dependent variation in the inhibitory activity of sICAM-1 was observed for two major receptor group serotypes in HeLa cells (EC50, greater than 32 micrograms/ml), and no inhibitory effect was observed for two serotypes which use different cell receptors. Yield reduction assays showed that sICAM-1 inhibited the replication of HRV serotype 39 (HRV-39) in human adenoid explants in a concentration-dependent manner. No direct inactivation of infectivity of HRV-39 (EC50, 0.5 microgram/ml) was observed after incubation with sICAM-1 (32 micrograms/ml) for up to 24 h. Single-cycle-of-replication experiments with the addition of sICAM-1 at 10 micrograms/ml at different times showed that the inhibitory effect occurs only when sICAM-1 is added within 30 min after infection. In experiments in which absorption was carried out at 4 degrees C and then a single cycle of replication incubation was carried out at 33 degrees C, it was found that sICAM-1 at 10 micrograms/ml was inhibitory only when it was present during the absorption period. Our data show that sICAM-1 is inhibitory for representative major receptor group serotypes of HRV in two cell lines and human respiratory epithelium, that the interaction of sICAM-1 with HRV is readily reversible by dilution, and that the inhibitory effect of sICAM-1 on virus replication is present early in the infection cycle.
The Multiple and Versatile Roles of Aureobasidium pullulans in the Vitivinicultural Sector (2018)

The saprophytic yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans has been well documented for over 60 years in the microbiological literature. It is ubiquitous in distribution, being found in a variety of environments (plant surfaces, soil, water, rock surfaces and manmade surfaces), and with a worldwide distribution from cold to warm climates and wet/humid regions to arid ones. Isolates and strains of A. pullulans produce a wide range of natural products well documented in the international literature and which have been regarded as safe for biotechnological and environmental applications. Showing antagonistic activity against plant pathogens (especially post-harvest pathogens) is one of the major applications currently in agriculture of the fungus, with nutrient and space competition, production of volatile organic compounds, and production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds (antibacterial and antifungal). The fungus also shows a positive role on mycotoxin biocontrol through various modes, with the most striking being that of binding and/or absorption. A. pullulans strains have been reported to produce very useful industrial enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, amylases, cellulases, lipases, proteases, xylanases and mannanases. Pullulan (poly-α-1,6-maltotriose biopolymer) is an A. pullulans trademark product with significant properties and biotechnological applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Poly (β-l-malic acid), or PMA, which is a natural biopolyester, and liamocins, a group of produced heavy oils and siderophores, are among other valuable compounds detected that are of possible biotechnological use. The fungus also shows a potential single-cell protein source capacity with high levels of nucleic acid components and essential amino acids, but this remains to be further explored. Last but not least, the fungus has shown very good biocontrol against aerial plant pathogens. All these properties are of major interest in the vitivinicultural sector and are thoroughly reviewed under this prism, concluding on the importance that A. pullulans may have if used at both vineyard and winery levels. This extensive array of properties provides excellent tools for the viticulturist/farmer as well as for the oenologist to combat problems in the field and create a high-quality wine.
CCDC 1566598: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Direct protein microsequencing from Immobilon-P Transfer Membrane. (1988)

Proteins separated by electrophoresis and electroblotted onto Immobilon-P Transfer Membrane can be sequenced directly in the gas-phase sequencer. Protein bands visualized by Coomassie Blue are placed in the sequencer cartridge without the addition of polybrene. Preconditioning sequencer cycles are eliminated, reducing reagent use and instrument operating time. The average initial yield for protein spotted or blotted onto the polyvinylidene-based membrane was determined to be 70 to 80% using 125I-labeled beta-lactoglobulin. Preliminary data indicate that proteins hydrolyzed in situ on Immobilon-P can further be characterized by amino acid compositional analysis.