gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Gravity drainage versus suction drainage: an experimental and clinical study]. (1989)

The importance of wound drainage in casualty and plastic surgery is unquestioned. The most common form is suction drainage. This involves the disadvantage that the drain can become attached to the tissue by suction, stopping the flow and blocking the drain. In addition, the secretion reservoir must be made of rigid material, which means large package sizes are inevitable. Encouraged by our knowledge of silicone drains, we carried out a study comparing silicone drains (without vacuum) and PVC drains (with vacuum suction). Electron-microscope studies of the PVC drains used for suction drainage revealed adhesion of wound secretion and cell detritus to the inner wall and the drainage perforations after less than 24 h. No occlusion and almost no adherence was observed with silicone gravity drains. When compared in clinical use for joint drainage, neither system had any severe complications. Removal of gravity drains was considerably less painful than withdrawal of suction drains. In soft tissue drainage the volume of secretion drained off was more constant and obviously larger with gravity drainage. From these results we conclude that gravity drainage can replace suction drainage to considerable advantage.
Cblb-deficient T cells are less susceptible to PD-L1-mediated inhibition (2017)

Modulation of the immune system for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors has been a goal of cancer research for many years. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b has been established as an intracellular checkpoint that limits T cell activation, critically contributing to the maintenance of self-tolerance. Furthermore, it has been shown that Cblb deficiency enhances T cell effector functions towards tumors. Blockade of the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 has recently emerged as a promising strategy in the development of effective cancer immune therapies. Therefore, we explored the concept of targeting different checkpoints concomitantly. Interestingly, we observed that CTLA-4 but not PD-L1 based immunotherapy selectively enhanced the anti-tumor phenotype of Cblb-deficient mice. In agreement with the in vivo results, in vitro experiments showed that Cblb-/- T cells were less susceptible to PD-L1-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation and IFNγ secretion. Taken together, our findings reveal a so far unappreciated function of Cbl-b in the regulation of PD-1 signaling in murine T cells.
Endothelial Function (2004)

Common conditions predisposing to atherosclerosis, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function has largely been assessed as endothelium-dependent vasomotion, at least in part based on the assumption that impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation also reflects the alteration of other important functions of the endothelium. An important rationale for this approach has been the observation that endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO), a major mediator of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, has important anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties, ie, inhibiting leukocyte adhesion, limiting platelet adhesion and aggregation, and the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a prothrombotic protein. Accumulating data suggest that the degree of impairment of endothelium-dependent vasomotion has profound and independent prognostic implications. A common mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction relates to increased vascular production of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies also suggest that inflammation per se and C-reactive protein in particular may directly contribute to endothelial dysfunction. These findings raise the question of whether assessment of endothelial function can be used in the clinical setting to identify patients at high risk. New insights into mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, such as a better understanding of the regulation of important vascular sources of oxygen radicals, may lead to novel therapeutic strategies with the potential to improve prognosis.
Photosynthetic Oxygen Exchange in Isolated Cells and Chloroplasts of C3 Plants (1982)

Photosynthetic O(2)-production and photorespiratory O(2)-uptake were measured, using stable isotope techniques, in isolated intact leaf cells of the C(3) plant Xanthium strumarium L., and isolated intact chloroplasts of Spinacia oleracea L (var. Yates 102). Considerable light dependent O(2)-uptake was observed in both systems, a proportion of which could be suppressed by CO(2) (63% suppression in chloroplasts by 50 micromolar CO(2), 58% in cells by 100 micromolar CO(2) and 250 micromolar O(2)). At low O(2), O(2)-uptake was CO(2) insensitive. At high CO(2) up to 19% of total electron flow was to O(2) in cells and up to 14% in chloroplasts. O(2)-uptake showed inhibition by KCN (61% in cells, 35% in chloroplasts by 0.2 millimolar KCN). O(2)-uptake half saturated at 75 to 85 micromolar O(2) in cells and 50 to 65 micromolar O(2) in chloroplasts, at low CO(2). The results are discussed in terms of the RuP(2)-oxygenase reaction and direct photoreduction of O(2) via a Mehler reaction.
Collagenase 3 Is a Target of Cbfa1, a Transcription Factor of the runt Gene Family Involved in Bone Formation (1999)

Collagenase 3 (MMP-13) is a recently identified member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family that is expressed at high levels in diverse human carcinomas and in articular cartilage from arthritic patients. In addition to its expression in pathological conditions, collagenase 3 has been detected in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes during fetal ossification. In this work, we have evaluated the possibility that Cbfa1 (core binding factor 1), a transcription factor playing a major role in the expression of osteoblastic specific genes, is involved in the expression of collagenase 3 during bone formation. We have functionally characterized a Cbfa motif present in the promoter region of collagenase 3 gene and demonstrated, by cotransfection experiments and gel mobility shift assays, that this element is involved in the inducibility of the collagenase 3 promoter by Cbfa1 in osteoblastic and chondrocytic cells. Furthermore, overexpression of Cbfa1 in osteoblastic cells unable to produce collagenase 3 leads to the expression of this gene after stimulation with transforming growth factor beta. Finally, we show that mutant mice deficient in Cbfa1, lacking mature osteoblasts but containing hypertrophic chondrocytes which are also a major source of collagenase 3, do not express this protease during fetal development. These results provide in vivo evidence that collagenase 3 is a target of the transcriptional activator Cbfa1 in these cells. On the basis of these transcriptional regulation studies, together with the potent proteolytic activity of collagenase 3 on diverse collagenous and noncollagenous bone and cartilage components, we proposed that this enzyme may play a key role in the process of bone formation and remodeling.
Effect of Protein, Polysaccharide, and Oxygen Concentration Profiles on Biofilm Cohesiveness (2007)

It is important to control biofilm cohesiveness to optimize process performance. In this study, a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor inoculated with activated sludge was used to grow mixed-culture biofilms of different ages and thicknesses. The cohesions, or cohesive energy levels per unit volume of biofilm, based on a reproducible method using atomic force microscopy (F. Ahimou, M. J. Semmens, P. J. Novak, and G. Haugstad, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:2897-2904, 2007), were determined at different locations within the depths of the biofilms. In addition, the protein and polysaccharide concentrations within the biofilm depths, as well as the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration profiles within the biofilms, were measured. It was found that biofilm cohesion increased with depth but not with age. Level of biofilm cohesive energy per unit volume was strongly correlated with biofilm polysaccharide concentration, which increased with depth in the membrane-aerated biofilm. In a 12-day-old biofilm, DO also increased with depth and may therefore be linked to polysaccharide production. In contrast, protein concentration was relatively constant within the biofilm and did not appear to influence cohesion.
Measurement of cerebral blood flow in chronic carotid occlusive disease: comparison of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging with positron emission tomography. (2003)

Although linearly correlated with CBF values measured by PET, dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging was not accurate for measuring absolute CBF values. AIF selection relative to the side of carotid occlusion did not significantly affect calculated MR imaging CBF values for six of the seven patients.
Laryngotracheal stenosis: A 5‐year review (1991)

Twenty-seven children with varying degrees of laryngotracheal stenosis were treated at Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) from January 1984 to January 1989. Nineteen children had a residual airway demonstrable preoperatively, and following laryngotracheoplasty, 18 (95%) were successfully decannulated; all but 1 had a normal voice. Eight children had complete stenosis. Of these children, 6 could be decannulated, but 3 required a second laryngotracheoplasty. Four children now have voice abnormalities.
[ECG-gated dual-isotope myocardial SPECT with 201Tl and 99mTc-tetrofosmin: simultaneous assessment of stress/rest myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function]. (1996)

ECG-gated dual-isotope acquisition protocol involving rest imaging with 201Tl and stress 99mTc-tetrofosmin (TF) SPECT was designed for the simultaneous assessment of rest/stress myocardial perfusion and rest ventricular systolic function. This study assessed the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of this protocol. Forty-five patients underwent the dual-isotope SPECT protocol. Twenty minutes after resting injection of 111 MBq of 201Tl, 370 MBq of 99mTc-TF was administered at a peak exercise. The dual-isotope gated SPECT acquisition was performed 1 hour later. Then, the regional count increase rate (%WT) of 99mTc-TF from end-diastole end-systole was calculated using an automated method which was developed for quantification of regional wall thickening based on circumferential profile analysis in our laboratory. Myocardial perfusion and contractility analysis was carried out using 8 segments of left ventricle with comparison of coronary angiographical findings. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of diseased coronary vessels (> = or 75% stenosis) were 76% and 94%, respectively. Infarcted regions showing reversible defect had significantly greater %WT as compared with those with fixed defects (63 seg; 12.7 +/- 6.1% vs. 36 seg; 8.9 +/- 7.2%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this dual-isotope protocol has some advantages; i.e., shortening an examination time, having the exact registration of stress/rest perfusion, and simultaneous evaluation of resting regional wall thickening.
Virtual inertia with PV inverters using DC-link capacitors (2016)

Soon, virtual inertia for grid control must be covered by photovoltaic inverters. It is suggested to use DC link capacitors for this task. This requires 5 W, 50 J and a capacitor size of about 200 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> per installed kW, corresponding to the size of single phase DC link capacitors. It is shown that the additional power ripple (and thus current ripple) is in the order of 0.1% and the voltage ripple of the intermediate voltage will typically remain between +/-3.6%. The related control can be easily extended by adding a voltage signal to the control voltage, which is proportional to the frequency deviation. Then, the existing controller inherently sets the required additional power fluctuation required for the virtual inertia function.
Function of the C-terminal transactivation domain of human heat shock factor 2 is modulated by the adjacent negative regulatory segment (1998)

DNA binding of heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) is induced during hemin-induced differentiation of human erythroleukemia cell line K562. To identify the transcriptional activation and the regulatory domains of HSF2, we constructed a series of deletion derivatives fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and analyzed their transactivation activity. A minimal transactivation domain of HSF2 was localized to the C-terminus (residues 472-536), as in HSF1, although amino acid sequence similarity for these regions was rather limited and the potential transactivation ability was about 25% that of HSF1. The transactivation mediated by this region of HSF2 was found to be negatively regulated by the adjacent 18 amino acid segment (residues 428-445) under normal conditions. Furthermore, the latter segment, when fused to the GAL4 activation domain, markedly inhibited GAL4 activity. Extract containing most derivatives of HSF2 retaining this segment exhibited doublet or triplet bands in gel mobility shift assays with heat shock element-containing DNA, suggesting possible involvement of some factors interacting with that segment in the negative regulation. Another putative transactivation domain and two negative regulatory regions were also localized within the internal region.
Experimental analysis of a liquid-phase liquefied petroleum gas injector for a heavy-duty engine (2004)

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a well-known clean alternative fuel for vehicles. In a heavy-duty, liquid-phase LPG injection (LPLi) system, several factors influence the amount of fuel injected. These factors are fuel temperature, fuel injection pressure, battery voltage, and so on. In order to maintain the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in the cylinder during engine operation, the injected fuel quantity should be controlled accurately. In this study, the characteristics of the injector used in the heavy-duty LPLi engine are investigated experimentally. The fuel injection algorithm, which compensates for the variations in the injection pressure, the fuel temperature and the battery voltage, is developed and verified through engine tests.
The Computer Simulation of the Interaction Between Roller Bit and Rock (1995)

ABSTRACT In this paper, the surface of each tooth of roller bits is represented by scores of points, whose 3-D compound coordinates are used to reflect the shape and size of the tooth. Thus, the cutting structure of the bit together with their movement is represented by the time-sequence of the coordinates of the several thousand points. Hence, the computer simulates the roller bit. In the simulation, the bottom hole that changes with drilling is represented, according to the sequence of time, as a series of time points. And the bottom hole at each time point is represented, according to space, as tens of thousands of points, whose 3-D compound coordinates are used to express the shape and size of the bottom hole at an arbitrary time. The changes of the bottom hole with drilling are described by a recurrence model made up of the bottom hole at each time point. Hence the reproduction of the bottom hole is on computer. The well bore is dealt with the same principle as the bottom hole. The interaction between the roller bit and the rock is represented by the balance model of the vertical and the lateral interactions The index, inclination, the shape and size of rock fragile breakage by a contacting tooth at any time are calculated by the fragile criterion model and the rock breakage model. The craters with various shapes are formed by the rock fragile breakage and the amount of the rock occupied by the tooth directly. BRIAS, the simulation software thus set up, can be used to analyse all the interactions in the process of drilling. Detailed experiment data have proved that the simulation software is able to well reflect the effects of the subtle differences of bit structure, WOB and rock properties upon the rotation rate and the torque of the bit.
Preparation and in vitro release of estradiol sustained-release capsules for vagina (2007)

Objective To prepare estradiol sustained-release capsules for vagina and evaluate the drug release property.Methods The solid dispersion of estradiol was prepared using PVP K30 as a carrier by the solvent method;dissolution and dialysis were used to compare the release rate between estradiol capsules and estradiol tablets respectively.Results The release rates of estradiol capsules and estradiol tablets were similar;the drug could be constantly released with low-dose from these two preparations.Conclusions The estradiol sustained-release capsule is an excellent drug delivery system for vagina administration.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrile Oxide Approach to the Synthesis of Δ23‐22‐Oxo Steroids. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Potatoes...from garden to table (2006)

Formerly published under the HE series
Single‐input double‐tuned foster‐type probe circuit (1992)

Synthesizing two different values of inductance from a given sample coil for use in a single-input double-tuned circuit is possible by means of three extra LC elements. A detailed analysis with derived equations shows how to calculate the circuit component values and what to expect from this kind of probe. It also derives the upper limit of the trap coil/sample coil inductance ratio beyond which no solution exists to double-tune the 31P-1H probe. The general expression for the channel efficiency shows that the latter is a function not only of the inductance of the coils, but also of their quality factor and of the operating frequencies. A numerical example is given illustrating good agreement between experiment and theory provided high quality rf capacitors are used.
Further reading (2011)

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Supplementary Figure 1 from Reduced DICER1 Elicits an Interferon Response in Endometrial Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 46K&lt;/p&gt;
Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Architectures. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. Edited by Nissim Garti, Ponisseril Somasundaran and Raffaele Mezzenga. (2013)

John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, 2012. 392 pp., hardcover, € 119.00.—ISBN 978-0470281758
The molecular characterization of antibody binding to a superantigen-like protein from a commensal microbe (2021)

Microorganisms have coevolved diverse mechanisms to impair host defenses. A major one, superantigens, can result in devastating effects on the immune system. While all known superantigens induce vast immune cell proliferation and come from opportunistic pathogens, recently, proteins with similar broad specificity to antibody variable (V) domain families were identified in a commensal microbiota. These proteins, identified in the human commensal <i>Ruminococcus gnavus</i>, are called immunoglobulin-binding protein (Ibp) A and B and have been shown to activate B cells in vitro expressing either human VH3 or murine VH5/6/7. Here, we provide molecular and functional studies revealing the basis of this Ibp/immunoglobulin (Ig) interaction. The crystal structure and biochemical assays of a truncated IbpA construct in complex with mouse VH5 antigen-binding fragment (Fab) shows a binding of Ig heavy chain framework residues to the Ibp Domain D and the C-terminal heavy chain binding domain (HCBD). We used targeted mutagenesis of contact residues and affinity measurements and performed studies of the Fab-IbpA complex to determine the stoichiometry between Ibp and VH domains, suggesting Ibp may serve to cluster full-length IgA antibodies in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation experiments indicate that binding of the Ibp HCBD alone is sufficient to activate responsive murine B cell receptors. The presence of these proteins in a commensal microbe suggest that binding a broad repertoire of immunoglobulins, particularly in the gut/microbiome environment, may provide an important function in the maintenance of host/microbiome homeostasis contrasting with the pathogenic role of structurally homologous superantigens expressed by pathogens.
Automatic Region Building for Spatial Analysis (2011)

Abstract High‐resolution spatial data have become increasingly available with modern data collection techniques and efforts. However, it is often inappropriate to use the default geographic units to perform spatial analysis due to unstable estimates with small areas (e.g. cancer rates for census blocks or tracts). Regionalization is aggregating small units into relatively larger areas while optimizing a homogeneity measure (such as the sum of squared differences). For exploratory spatial analysis, regionalization may help remove spurious data variation through aggregation and discover hidden patterns in data (such as areas of unusually high cancer rates). Towards this goal, this research introduces several improvements to a recent group of regionalization methods – REDCAP ( Guo 2008 ) and conducts evaluation experiments with synthetic data sets to assess and compare the capability of regionalization methods for exploratory spatial analysis. One of the major improvements is the integration of a local empirical Bayes smoother (EBS) with the regionalization methods. We generate a large number of synthetic data sets with controlled spatial patterns to evaluate the performance of both new and existing methods. Evaluation results show that the new methods (integrated with EBS) perform significantly better than their original versions and other methods (including the EBS method on its own) in terms of detecting the true patterns in the synthetic data sets.
Multiplexed Single Ion Mass Spectrometry Improves Measurement of Proteoforms and Their Complexes (2019)

Abstract A new Orbitrap-based single ion analysis procedure is shown to be possible by determining the direct charge on numerous measurements of individual protein ions to generate true mass spectra. The deployment of an Orbitrap system for charge detection enables the characterization of highly complicated mixtures of proteoforms and their complexes in both denatured and native modes of operation, revealing information not obtainable by traditional measurement of an ensemble of ions.
Open Treatment of Anteroinferior Instability in the Throwing Athlete (2000)

Summary: Anteroinferior shoulder instability is a common surgical problem in throwing athletes. The pathophysiology involves injury to the anterior capsulolabral complex, causing various degrees of instability ranging from subtle instability to frank dislocation. Multiple surgical procedures have been described for open reconstruction, the most common of which include anteroinferior capsular shift (AICS), anterior capsulolabral reconstruction (ACLR), and T-plasty modification of the Bankart procedure. Overall satisfactory results have been achieved in the majority of patients, with a recurrence rate of 1.5% to 10%. Return to sport has been difficult to achieve and may depend on the degree of instability observed. ACLR is successful in subluxators with subtle instability, whereas AICS is a reliable procedure in patients with varying grades of instability, including a history of multiple dislocations.