gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BCG vaccination in humans inhibits systemic inflammation in a sex-dependent manner (2020)

BACKGROUNDInduction of innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, by the antituberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) contributes to protection against heterologous infections. However, the overall impact of BCG vaccination on the inflammatory status of an individual is not known; while induction of trained immunity may suggest increased inflammation, BCG vaccination has been epidemiologically associated with a reduced incidence of inflammatory and allergic diseases.METHODSWe investigated the impact of BCG (BCG-Bulgaria, InterVax) vaccination on systemic inflammation in a cohort of 303 healthy volunteers, as well as the effect of the inflammatory status on the response to vaccination. A targeted proteome platform was used to measure circulating inflammatory proteins before and after BCG vaccination, while ex vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis- and Staphylococcus aureus-induced cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess trained immunity.RESULTSWhile BCG vaccination enhanced cytokine responses to restimulation, it reduced systemic inflammation. This effect was validated in 3 smaller cohorts, and was much stronger in men than in women. In addition, baseline circulating inflammatory markers were associated with ex vivo cytokine responses (trained immunity) after BCG vaccination.CONCLUSIONThe capacity of BCG to enhance microbial responsiveness while dampening systemic inflammation should be further explored for potential therapeutic applications.FUNDINGNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research, European Research Council, and the Danish National Research Foundation.
Lactacystin decreases amyloid‐β peptide production by inhibiting β‐secretase activity (2006)

The human amyloid precursor protein (APP) is processed by the nonamyloidogenic and the amyloidogenic catabolic pathways. The sequential cleavage of APP by the beta- and gamma-secretase activities, known as the amyloidogenic processing of APP, leads to the formation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta). Abeta is the main constituent of the amyloid core of senile plaques, a typical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. In addition to secretases, other cellular proteolytic activities, like the proteasome, might participate in the metabolism of APP. We investigated the consequence of proteasome inhibition on the amyloidogenic processing of human APP. CHO cells and primary cultures of rat cortical neurons expressing human APP or a protein corresponding to its beta-cleaved C-terminal fragment (C99) were treated with lactacystin, an irreversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. Lactacystin significantly decreased the level of Abeta produced from APP in both cellular models, whereas the production of Abeta from C99 was not affected. Lactacystin did not inhibit gamma-secretase activity but was found to inhibit the beta-cleavage of APP, leading to a proportional decrease in Abeta production. Although lactacystin did not inhibit the catalytic activity of recombinant BACE1, a decrease in neuronal beta-secretase activity was measured after treatment with lactacystin.
Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) information Analysis Center Implementation Plan (1994)

The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) is a multi-agency program appropriated by Congress to meet environmental obligations and concerns. A major purpose of the program is to support significant environmental research and share the findings with governmental and private organizations. A comprehensive information implementation management plan is required to determine the methodologies needed to meet the SERDP information requirements. This paper discusses those needs and proposes modem solutions for the timely collection and dissemination of SERDP information. It also addresses the potential of meeting most of the SERDP information requirements through the use of an Internet-accessible, Mosaic-based interface.
Conceptual graph based text classification (2014)

Most traditional Wikipedia based methods use only article content information. By organizing Wikipedia articles as a graph, multi-information such as category and structure information can be utilized in our method. In this paper, we propose a novel method to do classification by using knowledge from a conceptual graph which is built from Wikipedia. First, we build a conceptual graph from Wikipedia. Each article is considered as a concept node. Titles, hyperlinks, texts and category information are used as edges to measure the relationship between those concepts. Each text is mapped to its respective set of nodes and Personalized PageRank (random walk) is then used to generate a set of most important node which can represent the text best. Finally the two sets are scored with a measure of vector similarity. We evaluate our techniques on the standard text classification dataset (20newsgroup), the results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The asymptotes of loop reactors (2004)

Abstract Loop reactors extend the flow‐reversal concept to rotating port feeding in a loop‐shape system made of N units. To analyze its behavior two limiting models are derived for a system with an infinite number of units: The first one corresponds to an arbitrary switching velocity, whereas the second corresponds to large switching velocities and is essentially a cross‐flow model. Both models can admit, with a generic first‐order Arrhenius kinetics and typically large Pe and Le numbers, a rotating‐pulse solution with peak temperatures that significantly exceeds the increase in adiabatic temperature. Both solutions were corroborated by simulations of finite‐N systems that show convergence to the expected asymptotes in realistic system lengths. Rotating pulses emerge over a wide domain of parameters, when the ratio of switching velocity to front propagation velocity is properly tuned around unity, and in a relatively narrow domain of parameters, around the Hopf bifurcation to spatial oscillations, when that ratio is high. Between these two (slow‐ and fast‐switching) behaviors the system exhibits a complex structure of solutions. The asymptotic models enabled us to draw bifurcation diagrams and characterize the properties of emerging solutions. Future studies will apply the loop reactor concept to reversible reactions and endothermic–exothermic reactions. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 224–234, 2005
Does multipolar stimulation enhance selectivity of the TIME electrode? A simulation study using a genetic algorithm (2011)

Neural interfaces are aimed at creating an intimate contact with neural cells, either to stimulate the nerves or to record neural signals. This would allow the development of effective neurocontrolled artificial devices. Multipolar intraneural electrodes are developed to selectively control different muscles. In particular, the new Transversal Intraneural Multichannel Electrode (TIME) is able to selectively stimulate different muscle groups with different active sites. In order to assess the potential improvements of multipolar stimulation with TIME electrodes, a simulation study has been carried out by combining a Finite Element/NEURON model of the rat sciatic nerve together with a genetic algorithm to find the best current configuration for a tripolar stimulation. The results show that a modest improvement of selectivity can be achieved by using multipolar stimulation.
Air stable Al2O3-coated Li2NiO2 cathode additive as a surplus current consumer in a Li-ion cell (2008)

Highly air stable Al2O3-coated Li2NiO2 cathode additive is prepared by coating with Al iso-propoxide on Li2NiO2, obtained from firing of a physical mixture of pure Li2O and NiO at 600 °C for 10h under N2 atmosphere. An as-prepared coated cathode has first charge and discharge capacities of 420 mAh/g and 310 mAh/g, respectively, between 4.3V and 1.5V showing an irreversible capacity ratio of 26%. However, when the discharge cut-off voltage increases to 2.75V (2.85V vs. graphite), its discharge capacity decreases to 120 mAh/g, which corresponds to an irreversible capacity ratio of 71%. Owing to such a high irreversible capacity, it can effectively compensate for the irreversible capacity of the Li-ion cell using LiCoO2 and natural graphite as cathode and anode materials, respectively, in spite of only 4wt% addition to the LiCoO2 cathode. In addition, the additive prevents the 12V overcharge, thereby preventing the explosion of the cell. We believe that Li2NiO2decomposition consumes the surplus current during the overcharging to 12V, and therefore the voltage is not increased until the complete decomposition of the Li2NiO2.
Application of Emergent Aerodynamic Calculation Tools (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The cost of fuel and the desire for fuel efficiency continue to drive automobile manufacturers to invest in and to prioritize vehicle designs and performance. There has long been a fundamental understanding that aerodynamic efficiency (drag) has an effect on this phenomenon. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate how emergent aerodynamic performance calculation tools can be efficiently and effectively utilized for realizing improvements to vehicle performance, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and societal acceptance. These tools include Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis (CFD) which further includes visualization techniques, shape deformation, DOE, and optimization methods, among others. This paper describes an efficient method of leveraging the inherent strengths of these tools to develop a more complete understanding of the opportunities for improving the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle, as well as identifying potential concerns in degrading the aerodynamic efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;
A distributed transmission power control protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive solution for power control in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Our solution emphasizes the interplay between the MAC and network layers, whereby the MAC layer indirectly influences the selection of the next-hop by properly adjusting the power of route request packets. This is done while maintaining network connectivity. Channel-gain information obtained mainly from overheard RTS and CTS packets is used to dynamically construct the network topology. Unlike the IEEE 802.11 approach and previously proposed schemes, ours does not use the RTS/CTS packets to silence the neighboring nodes. Instead, collision avoidance information is inserted in the CTS packets and sent over an out-of-band control channel. This information is used to dynamically bound the transmission power of potentially interfering nodes in the vicinity of a receiver. By properly estimating the required transmission power for data packets, our protocol allows for interference-limited simultaneous transmissions to take place in the neighborhood of a receiving node. Simulation results indicate that, compared to the IEEE 802.11 approach, the proposed protocol achieves a significant increase in the channel utilization and end-to-end network throughput and a significant decrease in the total energy consumption.
Local field enhancement effects for nanostructuring of surfaces (2001)

We report on a method that allows the nanostructuring of surfaces with intense laser pulses. For this purpose isolated polystyrene spheres with diameters in the order of the laser wavelength were deposited on a silicon or glass surface. Illumination with short and ultrashort laser pulses produced holes underneath these particles. Calculations of the field near the particles make clear that geometrical optics, that is, focusing by a spherical lens, as well as near-field effects, contribute to the size and shape of these holes. This technique can be utilized for the parallel structuring of large surface areas with a single laser shot.
Automatic video segmentation and tracking for content-based applications (2007)

Advanced multimedia applications have to provide content-related functionalities such as search and retrieval of meaningful objects, detection and analysis of events, and understanding of scenes, which allow the user to access and manipulate the multimedia content with greater flexibility. This greatly depends on automatic techniques for extracting such objects from multimedia data. In this article we intend to provide a tutorial on the state-of-the-art in video segmentation and tracking technology with particular attention paid to the recent developments in attention-based object extraction. Performance results are included to highlight this emerging technology
Dual-microcombs generation with a single-pumped Si3N4 microresonator for tunable microwave oscillation (2023)

Dynamic dual-microcombs are demonstrated in a Si 3 N 4 microresonator using a single pump, yielding the microwave signals at ~23.4, ~28.9, and ~34.6 GHz. The results are of interest for the applications in integrated microwave photonics.
Volatile Composition of Gyrophragmium dunalii (2000)

Gyrophragmium dunalii was investigated for volatile compounds by GC/MS. Thirty volatile components were identified. The major volatile constituents of mushrooms from the Mediterranean basin and Atlantic Ocean sand dunes were benzaldehyde (44.2 and 28.0%, respectively) and benzyl alcohol (11.0 and 38.6%, respectively). The volatile component proportions correspond to 410 and 960 μg g-1 of fresh weight from Mediterranean and Atlantic specimens, respectively. Combined benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol content may contribute to the complex almond odor with an anise note of G. dunalii.
Redox-active cytocompatible phospholipid polymer hydrogels for three-dimensional electrical control of encapsulated living cells (2015)

Three-dimensional encapsulation of a living human cervical cancer HeLa cell in a redox-active cytocompatible phospholipid polymer hydrogel and the regulation of cell functions with simple bioelectrical stimulation were investigated. A redox-active and cytocompatible polymer based on the water-soluble phospholipid polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)-co-p-vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA)-co-vinylferrocene (VFc)) (PMBVF) was synthesized by conventional radical polymerization method. A HeLa-Fucci cell, a human cervical cancer HeLa cell stably expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) were cultured and suspended into the medium, in which a PMBVF polymer were pre-dissolved with desired concentration. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was added to this PMBVF/HeLa-Fucci medium solution with gently mixing at room temperature, in which case, a reversible PMBVF/PVA hydrogel with encapsulated HeLa-Fucci cells was obtained. The morphologies of the PMBVF/PVA hydrogel and the three-dimensional encapsulated HeLa-Fucci cells were confirmed with microscopy. Cyclic voltammograms results indicated that PMBVF/PVA hydrogel still had excellent electrochemical properties even in the presence of living HeLa-Fucci cells. A constant voltage (0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied to the extracellular environment of encapsulated cells as electrical stimulation and the cell cycle progression was calculated base on the analysis of fluorescent images. Compared with that without electrical stimulation, a delay of the cell cycle progression could be observed between 8 h and 18 h while the cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel with electrical stimulation. The investigation of cell functions based on a three-dimensional electrical stimulation with a redox-active cytocompatible phospholipid polymer hydrogel will promote the development of electrochemical therapy of cancer and tumor.
Molybdenum resistors - economic alternative for thick film technology (2004)

Parameters of improved, recently developed thick film resistors based on molybdenum oxide pastes were investigated. Resistors of aspect ratio 1:2 were printed on various substrates. AgPd, AgPt and Ag pastes were used for contacts preparation. Spread of fired resistance, TCR, long term stability, influence of contacts material, influence of thekind of substrate, under and overglaze were tested. Results were v ery prospective. Spread of as fired resistance is lowerthen 10 % in any case. TCR is dependent on sheet resistivity and is lower then 200ppm/K for all compositions.
Effects of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump on Leisure Participation Among Children With Cerebral Palsy (2016)

Abstract Date Presented 4/7/2016 This poster will explain the results of a quasi-experimental study using a one-way, repeated-measures within-subjects design on the effects that intrathecal baclofen therapy, which assists with spasticity management, has on several components of leisure participation among children with cerebral palsy. Primary Author and Speaker: Kayla Larsen Contributing Authors: Ruth Benedict, Brittany Travers
Contrast Bolus Dynamic Computed Tomography for the Measurement of Solid Organ Perfusion (1993)

Changes in the CT number in a region after an intravenous injection of contrast medium may be used to calculate blood flow per unit volume of tissue. Ultrafast CT offers sufficient data points for accurate calculation. The quality of the aortic bolus is of great importance. Nonionic media offer several important advantages: hemodynamic perturbation is minimized, and they are better tolerated at the high injection rates needed. Low-osmolality nonionic agents produce "better" curves than conventional high-osmolality ionic agents, all other factors being equal. The resulting data are relevant to intravenous digital subtraction angiography and indirect portography as well as to perfusion measurement. The technique of quantitative dynamic CT is theoretically applicable to any cross-sectional modality, notably magnetic resonance.
A warm electron beam ion trap: the micro-EBIT (1997)

The design of a very small, warm Electron Beam Ion Trap (named Micro-EBIT) is presented. This ion source uses a permanent magnetic field and an intense electron beam (1 A-10 kV), and has been found to produce very large amounts of highly charged ions.
"Live" Action Scanning Electron Microscopy (1989)

For Entomologists Generally, and especially for those visually enamored of insects, scanning electron microscopy provides an ideal means for high-magnification study and photographic depiction of morphological detail. The technique has only one drawback. It is not suited for study of live specimens and cannot therefore be used for observation of behavior. We circumvent this shortcoming by use of a freeze-immobilization technique, which preserves insects in normal behavioral stances prior to their preparation for scanning electron microscopic viewing. The technique is simple and can yield truly lifelike photographic renditions.
A deformable-template approach to lane detection (2002)

Vision-based algorithms for locating lane boundaries without a prior model of the road being viewed need to be able to operate robustly under a wide variety of conditions, including cases where there are large amounts of clutter in the image. This clutter can be due to shadows, puddles, oil stains, tire skid marks, etc. This poses a challenge for edge-based lane detection schemes, as it is often impossible to select a gradient magnitude threshold which doesn't either remove edges of interest corresponding to road markings and edges or include edges corresponding to irrelevant clutter. The approach taken in this work is to use a deformable template model of lane structure to locate lane boundaries without thresholding the intensity gradient information. The Metropolis algorithm is used to maximize a function which evaluates how well the image gradient data supports a given set of template deformation parameters. The result, the LOIS lane detection algorithm (likelihood of image shape), is able to detect lane markings in situations with strong mottled shadows and broken or interrupted lane markings which would pose problems for algorithms which use local, thresholded edge information.
Whole genome sequencing-based drug resistance predictions of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tanzania (2022)

WGS-based drug resistance prediction worked well to rule-in phenotypic drug resistance and the absence of second-line drug resistance-mediating mutations has the potential to guide the design of RR/MDR-TB regimens in the future.
Spectral evaluation of high force-volume lead dampers for structural response reduction (2006)

Response spectra analysis across multiple earthquake suites is used to investigate the reductions in structural response from the addition of lead extrusion damping, based on ongoing research with high force/volume devices suitable for packaging in beam-column connections. Reduction factor statistics are used to characterise the response using suites of ground motions from the SAC project. Regression analysis is used to characterise reduction factors in the constant acceleration, velocity, and displacement regions of the response spectra. Peak damping reduction factors achieved with the addition of extrusion damping equal to 10% of structural weight are approximately 6.5x, 4.0x, and 2.8x for the low, medium and high ground motion suites respectively, based on a validated full-scale prototype device. The results provide initial proof-of-concept in a performance based design context, at experimentally verified forces, for using these devices to increase the seismic resilience of critical infrastructure.
Overcoming Major Barriers to Build Efficient Decision Support Systems in Pharmacovigilance (2022)

Many decision support methods and systems in pharmacovigilance are built without explicitly addressing specific challenges that jeopardize their eventual success. We describe two sets of challenges and appropriate strategies to address them. The first are data-related challenges, which include using extensive multi-source data of poor quality, incomplete information integration, and inefficient data visualization. The second are user-related challenges, which encompass users' overall expectations and their engagement in developing automated solutions. Pharmacovigilance decision support systems will need to rely on advanced methods, such as natural language processing and validated mathematical models, to resolve data-related issues and provide properly contextualized data. However, sophisticated approaches will not provide a complete solution if end-users do not actively participate in their development, which will ensure tools that efficiently complement existing processes without creating unnecessary resistance. Our group has already tackled these issues and applied the proposed strategies in multiple projects.
Monitoring of shear strain in shallow sections of slopes to detect increased risk of slope failure (2009)

Slope failures frequently cause labour accidents in construction sites, and even a small collapse can cause serious injury to workers. The Short Pipe Strain transducer (SPS) was developed to measure shear strain increments in the shallow section of slopes, and its applicability was examined through centrifuge model tests and prototype model tests. Prior to slope failure, obvious increases in the response of strain (rs) were measured during slope cutting tests. In loam ground, creep strain curves were observed. A couple of minutes can be provided by monitoring the second or third creep. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the SPS not only measures slope movement but also senses an increase in the risk of slope failure. Slope inspections must be conducted to ensure safety during work, and the SPS is effective for subsidiary warning systems that save workers' lives.