gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Missing the memory wall (1996)

Current high performance computer systems use complex, large superscalar CPUs that interface to the main memory through a hierarchy of caches and interconnect systems. These CPU-centric designs invest a lot of power and chip area to bridge the widening gap between CPU and main memory speeds. Yet, many large applications do not operate well on these systems and are limited by the memory subsystem performance.This paper argues for an integrated system approach that uses less-powerful CPUs that are tightly integrated with advanced memory technologies to build competitive systems with greatly reduced cost and complexity. Based on a design study using the next generation 0.25&micro;m, 256Mbit dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) process and on the analysis of existing machines, we show that processor memory integration can be used to build competitive, scalable and cost-effective MP systems.We present results from execution driven uni- and multi-processor simulations showing that the benefits of lower latency and higher bandwidth can compensate for the restrictions on the size and complexity of the integrated processor. In this system, small direct mapped instruction caches with long lines are very effective, as are column buffer data caches augmented with a victim cache.
Rainfall‐related population growth and adult sex ratio change in theCriticallyEndangeredRaso lark (Alauda razae) (2012)

Abstract Active conservation has often been successful in reversing or arresting population declines of endangered species. However, examples of C ritically E ndangered species recovering in the absence of human intervention are extremely rare. We censused the R aso lark, a single‐island endemic of the C ape V erdes archipelago, annually from 2001 to 2010. Between 2004 and 2010, the world population grew from 65 to 470 individuals. This remarkable increase occurred without conservation intervention, but correlated strongly and positively with rainfall. Because of this population increase, the mean age of birds reduced and the population shifted from male skew, a consequence of higher male survival, towards one where the sexes were more equally represented. This study illustrates the dramatic effect that natural changes in climatic conditions may have on the recovery of endangered species. However, the current favourable situation may not persist, and we suggest a translocation to another C ape V erdean island be urgently considered. We conclude that temporal trends in the population dynamics of endangered populations need to be considered when planning and implementing species recovery plans.
Economic Analysis of M&As: Why has the number of M&As increased? (Japanese) (2006)

The rapid increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) from the 1990s onward can be attributed primarily to a type of shock to the growth and/or profitability of certain industries and corporations. Characteristics of industries and corporations subject to particularly aggressive M&A activities include higher growth opportunities, high profitability and lower debt ratios. In this regard, it is fair to say that M&As from the 1990s onward have been used by companies and industries with higher growth opportunities as a tool to turn these opportunities into reality.
Matrix Embedding Alters the Immune Response Against Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (2005)

Embedding ECs within 3-dimensional matrices alters the host immune response by inhibiting expression of MHC class II, costimulatory, and adhesion molecules, offering the rationale to develop novel therapies for vascular diseases.
Utilising excess power: the case of electrofuels for transport (2014)

If the production of electricity at a given moment in time is higher than demand\nwe may talk about excess electricity.1 It is possible to store excess electricity and\nstorage solutions might be essential for achieving very high renewable energy\nshares in the energy system. The most common purpose for storing electricity is\nof course to convert the stored energy back to electricity when needed. Currently\nthere are not many mature alternatives for seasonal energy storage. Pumped\nhydro, hydrogen and compressed air are facing challenges with geographical\ndistribution and ecological footprint, technical limitations or low density.2 Another\noption is to convert electricity into an energy carrier that can be used for other\npurposes, and not just as a medium for electricity storage. One possibility is to use\nperiods of excess electricity for the production of carbon-based synthetic fuels,\nso called electrofuels,3 that can be used for various purposes, e.g. for heating,\nas a transportation fuel or in the chemical industry for the production of plastics,\ntextiles, medicine and fertilizers. One challenge, common to all energy storage technologies, is to be economically\nviable in spite of the fact that excess, or low priced, electricity will likely be available\nonly a fraction of the time. This chapter aims to explore the challenges and\nopportunities of using electrofuels to utilise excess electricity. Production processes\nare described and costs are estimated to underpin a discussion on what is\nrequired to make electrofuels competitive with gasoline.
Vortex pinning by compound defects inYBa2Cu3O7−δ (2010)

We investigate the enhancement of vortex pinning by compound defects that are composed of correlated and point defects in a pristine untwinned ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ single crystal. Initial irradiation by high-energy heavy ions to a dose matching field of ${B}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}=2.0\text{ }\text{T}$ increases vortex pinning via columnar defects. Subsequent proton irradiation further enhances the critical current ${J}_{c}(H)$ by localizing the vortices near the columnar defects. Measurements of the shift of the irreversibility line for $H\ensuremath{\parallel}ab$ plane demonstrate that compound defects consisting of correlated and point disorder may reduce the pinning anisotropy and increase the overall critical current.
An Improved Transformerless Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverter with Common Mode Leakage Current Elimination (2014)

Transformerless PV inverters are most preferred for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system due to higher efficiency and lower cost. However, to meet the safety regulations, the leakage current, which deteriorates the power quality and generates EMI of transformerless PV inverter, have to be addressed carefully. In order to eliminate the leakage current, an improved topology based on H5 topology is proposed in this paper. The operation principle, common mode (CM) characteristics, and the impact of junction capacitance of the switches are analyzed in detail. Three-level output voltage has been achieved in the proposed improved inverter by implementing unipolar SPWM with wide input voltage range. Furthermore, the European Union (EU) efficiency is improved by replacing the IGBTs with MOSFETs. The proposed improved inverter topology has been simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the accuracy of the theoretical explanations. Finally, a 1kw prototype has been built and tested. Experimental results show 98.2% maximum efficiency and 97.76% EU efficiency on the 1kw prototype circuit with 16 kHz switching frequency.
Power randomization in ALOHA access control for wireless networks (2002)

Randomization of transmission power in ALOHA access control for wireless networks is introduced and analyzed. It is shown that the power randomization, introduced appropriately, leads to a substantial throughput improvement and to elimination of the bistable behavior.
<title>Real-time capturing and interactive synthesis of 3D scenes using integral photography</title> (2004)

This paper proposes a system which can capture a dynamic 3D scene and synthesize its arbitrary views in real time. Our system consists of four components: a fresnel lens, a micro-lens array, an IEEE1394 digital camera, and a PC for rendering purpose. The micro-lens array forms an image which consists of a set of elemental images, in other words, multiple viewpoint images of the scene. The fresnel lens controls the depth of field by demagnifying the 3D scene. The problem is that the scene demagnified by the fresnel lens is compressed along its optical axis. Therefore, we propose a method for recovering the original scene from the compressed scene. The IEEE1394 digital camera captures multiple viewpoint images at 15 frames per second, and transfers these images to the PC. The PC synthesizes any perspective of the captured scene from the multiple viewpoint images using image-based rendering techniques. The proposed system synthesizes one perspective of the captured scene within 1/15 second. This means that a user can interactively move his/her viewpoint and observe even a moving object from various directions.
Crystal structure of 16-ferrocenylmethyl-3β-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one: a potential chemotherapeutic drug (2016)

A new ferrocene complex, 16-ferrocenylmethyl-3β-hy-droxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, [Fe(C5H5)(C24H27O2)]·C2H6OS, has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The mol-ecule crystallizes in the space group P21 with one mol-ecule of dimethyl sulfoxide. A hydrogen bond links the phenol group and the dimethyl sulfoxide O atom, with an O⋯O distance of 2.655 (5) Å. The ferrocene group is positioned in the β face of the estrone moiety, with an O-C-C-C torsion angle of 44.1 (5)°, and the carbonyl bond length of the hormone moiety is 1.216 (5) Å, typical of a C=O double bond. The average Fe-C bond length of the substituted Cp ring [Fe-C(Cp*)] is similar to that of the unsubstituted one [Fe-C(Cp)], i.e. 2.048 (3) versus 2.040 (12) Å. The structure of the complex is compared with those of estrone and eth-oxy-methyl-estrone.
Polyphenols Modulating Effects of PD-L1/PD-1 Checkpoint and EMT-Mediated PD-L1 Overexpression in Breast Cancer (2021)

Investigating dietary polyphenolic compounds as antitumor agents are rising due to the growing evidence of the close association between immunity and cancer. Cancer cells elude immune surveillance for enhancing their progression and metastasis utilizing various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) cell phenotype activation. In addition to its role in stimulating normal embryonic development, EMT has been identified as a critical driver in various aspects of cancer pathology, including carcinogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, EMT conversion to another phenotype, Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET), is crucial in developing cancer metastasis. A central mechanism in the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in various cancer types is EMT signaling activation. In breast cancer (BC) cells, the upregulated level of PD-L1 has become a critical target in cancer therapy. Various signal transduction pathways are involved in EMT-mediated PD-L1 checkpoint overexpression. Three main groups are considered potential targets in EMT development; the effectors (E-cadherin and Vimentin), the regulators (Zeb, Twist, and Snail), and the inducers that include members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Meanwhile, the correlation between consuming flavonoid-rich food and the lower risk of cancers has been demonstrated. In BC, polyphenols were found to downregulate PD-L1 expression. This review highlights the effects of polyphenols on the EMT process by inhibiting mesenchymal proteins and upregulating the epithelial phenotype. This multifunctional mechanism could hold promises in the prevention and treating breast cancer.
Hepatic vagotomy effects on metabolic challenges during parenteral nutrition in rats (1994)

During parenteral nutrition (PN) glucoprivic-induced feeding appeared to be neutralized by the oxidation of infused fatty acids. With the use of a latin-square design, the feeding response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and/or 2-mercaptoacetate (MA) was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats with hepatic branch vagotomy (HV) or sham operations (SO). Rats received continuous infusions of 0.9% saline or PN providing 100% of daily caloric needs (PN-100) for four consecutive days. During PN-100, food intake was stimulated by 2-DG in HV rats and when fatty acid oxidation was simultaneously inhibited by MA. 2-DG-induced hyperglycemia was apparent under all conditions. Lipoprivic-induced feeding and increased plasma free fatty acid concentrations were absent in HV rats, whether MA was administered alone or with 2-DG. The feeding response to glucoprivic challenges is influenced by the relative availability of alternate energy sources. The lack of feeding response to 2-DG during PN-100 is mediated by vagal input of hepatic fatty acid oxidation status.
On the Effect of Gaussian Imperfect Channel Estimations on the Performance of Space Modulation Techniques (2012)

Space modulation techniques, such as spatial modulation (SM) and space shift keying (SSK), are efficient low complexity implementation of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. In such techniques, a single transmit-antenna is activated during each time instant and the activated antenna index is used to convey information. Due to the novel method of conveying information, a major criticism arises on the practicality of such techniques in the presence of real-time imperfections such as channel estimation errors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to shed light on this issue. The performance of such systems are analyzed in the presence of Gaussian imperfect channel estimations. More specifically, the performance of SSK system consisting of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> transmit and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> receive antennas with maximum-likelihood (ML) detection and imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver is studied. The exact average bit error probability (ABEP) over Rayleigh fading channels is obtained in closed-form for N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> = 2 and arbitrary N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ; while union upper bound is used to compute the ABEP when N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> >; 2 and arbitrary N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> . Furthermore, simple and general asymptotic expression for the ABEP is derived and analyzed. Besides, the effect of imperfect CSI on the performance of SM, Alamouti and SSK schemes considering different number of channel estimation pilots are studied and compared via numerical Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that, on the contrary to the raised criticism, space modulation techniques are more robust to channel estimation errors than Alamouti since the probability of error is determined by the differences between channels associated with the different transmit antennas rather than the actual channel realization.
Visualization of second order tensor fields and matrix data (1992)

We present a study of the visualization of 3-D second order tensor fields and matrix data. The general problem of visualizing unsymmetric real or complex Hermitian second order tensor fields can be reduced to the simultaneous visualization of a real and symmetric second order tensor field and a real vector field. As opposed to the discrete iconic techniques commonly used in multivariate data visualization, the emphasis is on exploiting the mathematical properties of tensor fields in order to facilitate their visualization and to produce a continuous representation of the data. We focus on interactively sensing and exploring real and symmetric second order tensor data by generalizing the vector notion of streamline to the tensor concept of hyperstreamline. We stress the importance of a structural analysis of the data field analogous to the techniques of vector field topology extraction in order to obtain a unique and objective representation of second order tensor fields.
Prediction of three-dimensional turbulent flows in a dump diffuser (1988)

A finite volume method for the solution of three-dimensional incompressible steady Navier-Stokes equations based on a general curvilinear coordinate system was employed to Study the characteristics of turbulent flow in dump diffuser of gas-turbine combustor. The standard k-E turbulence model is used to characterize the effect of turbulence. in order to achieve a saving in CPU time for calculation, present calculation was performed by lending itself to vector computer architecture of the Supercomputer FACOM VP-50. This method is applied to prediction of turbulent flow in a three-dimesional dump diffuser with and without the fuel nozzle. The calculated results are compared with the corresponding experimental data obtained in this work. General features of the flow pattern are adequately predicted although discrepancies in detail seem to indicate deficiencies in the turbulence model used in present Study.
Evaluation of Non-electric Market Options for a Light-water Reactor in the Midwest. Light Water Reactor Sustainability program (2019)

This study has addressed the technical feasibility and economic viability of LWR hybrid system operations based on realistic market around a specific reactor site in the Upper Midwest United States within the Great Lakes Region and near an industrial center that could benefit from more direct use of nuclear energy. The diverse industrial user and the electricity grid to optimize the revenue of the nuclear plant, depending on specific day-ahead electricity-grid capacity commitments and reserve capacity agreement requirements. For this market arrangement to work, the non-grid user is sold electricity without paying grid service fees (i.e., being considered a house load). This mode of energy sharing may require approval of governing utility commissions, depending on whether the hybrid operations can affect grid supply and manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation systems in this region provides several advantages to converting a nuclear plant into a hybrid plant that produces hydrogen and other feedstock commodities, such as polyethylene or formic acid, for example. Large-scale hydrogen production can essentially service several refineries within 20-30 miles of the nuclear plant. This would results in a measurable reduction of air-pollutant emissions reduction in the region. In addition, a large, consistent supply of hydrogen would draw new industries to the area—especially other steel-reduction and ammonia plants. For example, the nation’s first synthetic-fuels plant could also be sited near this hydrogen plant to convert CO2 collected from the several ethanol plants in the region into methanol-based chemical feedstock and biofuels. With these perspectives in mind, this study has evaluated the business case for the following hybrid plant options.
Error exponents for Nakagami-m fading channels (2014)

Along with the channel capacity, the error exponent is one of the most important information-theoretic measures of reliability, as it sets ultimate bounds on the performance of communication systems employing codes of finite complexity. In this paper, we derive an exact analytical expression for the random coding error exponent, which provides significant insight regarding the ultimate limits to communications through Nakagami-m fading channels. An important fact about this error exponent is that it determines the behavior of error probability in terms of the transmission rate and the code length that reflects the coding complexity required to achieve a certain level of reliability. Moreover, from the derived analytical expression, we can easily compute the necessary codeword length without extensive Monte-Carlo simulation to achieve a predefined upper bound for error probability at a rate below the channel capacity. We also improve the random coding bound by expurgating bad codewords from the code ensemble, since random coding error exponent is determined by selecting codewords independently according to the input distribution where good and bad codewords contribute equally to the overall average error probability. Finally, we derive exact analytical expressions for the cutoff rate, critical rate, and expurgation rate and verify the analytical expressions via Monte-Carlo simulation.
The puzzle of high phosphorylation potential and low protonmotive force generated by oxidative phosphorylation in Paracoccus denitrificans membrane vesicles in the presence of nitrate (1984)

Conference Article| June 01 1984 The puzzle of high phosphorylation potential and low protonmotive force generated by oxidative phosphorylation in Paracoccus denitrificans membrane vesicles in the presence of nitrate DEREK PARSONAGE; DEREK PARSONAGE 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar STUART J. FERGUSON STUART J. FERGUSON 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1984) 12 (3): 456. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120456 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DEREK PARSONAGE, STUART J. FERGUSON; The puzzle of high phosphorylation potential and low protonmotive force generated by oxidative phosphorylation in Paracoccus denitrificans membrane vesicles in the presence of nitrate. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1984; 12 (3): 456. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120456 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
VHF General Urban Path Loss Model for Short Range Ground-to-Ground Communications (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <?Pub Dtl=""?>From a radio frequency propagation perspective, the general focus of the commercial wireless communications community has been primarily on frequencies above 800 MHz. Therefore, there is a limited number of available empirical data and validated prediction methods indicating what type of path loss or signal degradation one should expect in various urban settings at a very high frequency (VHF) range, which is the range of operation for numerous military tactical communications systems. Furthermore, the extensive literature survey revealed that indoor propagation models are particularly lacking in either availability and/or proven fidelity. This paper presents a new general urban path loss model derived from a log-distance path loss model, floor attenuation factor model and path loss measurements taken on campus of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, MD, with a measurement hardware suite in 30–88 MHz frequency range. The authors felt that there is a void in the open literature on simple, empirically-verified large-scale path loss models that implicitly address the lower VHF range, more than one urban setting, short communications ranges <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$({≪ 1}~{\rm km})$</tex></formula> and low transmitting and receiving antenna heights as well as offer reasonably high fidelity without requiring a lot of information about the site. </para>