gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of internal defect testing with the laser-EMAT ultrasonic method (2012)

This paper studies the ultrasonic detection and evaluation of internal volume defects in metals using laser generation and electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) detection. A finite element model is developed to simulate the interaction of laser-generated ultrasonic waves with the defect in the material. Not only have the directly scattered shear waves been observed, but also the mode-converted creeping waves on the defect surface. A noncontact laser-EMAT ultrasonic testing experimental system was successfully applied to validate the observed phenomena in the simulation results. The defect can not only be detected and located by the directly scattered shear waves, but can also be quickly evaluated with a new method based on quantitative time-of-flight analysis of the directly scattered waves and the mode-converted waves on the defect surface.
Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Semi-blind Astronomical Image Deconvolution (2019)

High resolution astronomical imagery plays a critical role in multiple remote sensing applications. In this work, we introduce a novel post-acquisition computational technique aiming to recover the high-quality versions of blurry and degraded astronomical observations. Additionally, the proposed scheme is able to retrieve significant information regarding the characteristic properties of the blurring kernel, i.e point spread function (PSF). In order to accomplish this goal, we exploit the mathematical frameworks of Sparse Reprentations, and the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to synthesize high-quality astronomical imagery.
A cordless access system using radio-over-fibre techniques (2002)

A cordless access communication system is described. It uses subcarrier multiplexing to provide a radio-over-fibre feed to a radio distribution point. The key design aspects of the optical and radio system are discussed, and it is shown that this technology can provide a high-quality communications link with a dynamic range of over 50 dB. Such a system has been developed using second-generation cordless telephone technology and, by including an RF switch, handover from one distribution point to another has been demonstrated. By using radio-over-fibre, the hardware required at the distribution point is considerably reduced, and it thereby becomes feasible to mount it in a small unit positioned on a pole. The radio-over-fibre solution also allows the synchronization of the cordless systems to be centralized and provides the basis for making better use of the cordless fixed parts by effective use of trunking and concentration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation and Characterization of Metabolites fromPseudomonas fluorescens-D7 for Control of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) (1994)

Downy brome is a grassy weed that infests millions of acres of winter wheat in the Western United States and costs farmers millions of dollars in lost yields. It can not be controlled consistently using chemicals or cultural practices. Isolates of naturally occurring rhizobacteria have shown potential as biological control agents for downy brome. Centrifuged supernatant from aerobic shake cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 suppressed germination of seeds and reduced root and shoot growth of downy brome in agar diffusion assays. The present article relates to the isolation and characterization of active compounds from strain D7. The active compounds were denatured and lost activity with commonly used techniques of extraction, concentration, and purification of microbial products. Two unusual techniques for isolation and partial purification of the active compounds from supernatant of strain D7 were developed. With one technique, supernatant was concentrated at 30 to 35 C under vacuum to 10% of the initial volume. Subsequently, the concentrate was chromatographed on sephadex gels to separate the active fraction. With the second technique, cell-free supernatant was frozen, with or without prior concentration, at −12 C for 12 to 24 h. The frozen supernatant was then thawed at 2 to 4 C, resulting in precipitation and crystallization of the active fraction. The active fraction isolated with either method inhibited downy brome. Inhibition was complete at concentrations as low as 1 mg total dry matter L -1 agar. Also, the active fraction inhibited the plant pathogenic fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Chemical analysis of the active fraction complex revealed the presence of chromopeptides and other peptides, fatty acid esters, and a lipopolysaccharide matrix. Separation of any of the components from the complex resulted in nearly complete loss of activity against downy brome.
<i>L</i>-Carnitine Addition to Dialysis Fluid (1989)

L-Carnitine has been reported to have beneficial effects in the reduction of serum triglycerides and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hemodialysis patients. The published reports are, however, equivocal. Paradoxical increases in serum triglycerides following intravenous administration of L-carnitine have been observed. It has been suggested that the paradoxical rise in triglycerides may result from the high doses used and intravenous administration, both of which may cause abnormally high tissue concentrations. In the present study 22 hemodialysis patients were selected. All patients had been treated intravenously with 2 g of L-carnitine administered at the end of dialysis for a minimum of 12 months. Treatment with L-carnitine was then discontinued during a 4-month washout period. The patients were then divided into two equal subgroups and placed on L-carnitine therapy (1 g i.v.) at the end of dialysis for 1 month. Thereafter, L-carnitine was added to the dialysate (2 g in group 1, 4 g in group 2) for 3 months. Serum and muscle carnitine levels were determined throughout the study as were lipid parameters, serum chemistry, and hematology. Muscle biopsies obtained at baseline revealed supranormal levels of carnitine which decreased to normal levels following the 4-month washout period. When therapy with L-carnitine was resumed, intravenous administration or in dialysate, the muscle carnitine levels remained within the normal range. Similarly, serum carnitine was markedly elevated at baseline and decreased to normal during the washout period. When L-carnitine was added to the dialysate, total carnitine was observed to significantly increase in the group receiving 4 g.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vα domain modulates the multiple topologies of mouse T cell receptor Vβ20/staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E complexes (1997)

The superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxin A and E (SEA and SEE) both contact major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on two sites located on the alpha and beta chains. We have investigated the role of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain in the modulation of the various topologies of TCR/SEA (or SEE)/class II complexes. For this purpose, we have used three mouse V beta20 T cell lines expressing different V alpha domains and two T cell hybridomas expressing mouse V beta1 or V beta11 segments. The response of these T cells to SEA and SEE was studied in the context of presentation by wild-type human MHC class II molecules; or by mutants on MHC, in each of the two superantigen binding sites (position alpha39K and beta81H) to which the superantigens can still bind but with an altered conformation. Although V beta20 T cell lines are efficiently stimulated using SEA and SEE presented by wild-type HLA-DR1 molecules, our results show that the nature of the TCR V alpha domain can affect differently the recognition of the toxins bound to mutant class II molecules. This suggests that various functional topologies exist for both SEA and SEE/class II complexes and that the T cell response to each of these complexes can be modulated by the V alpha domain of the TCR. Interestingly, the recognition of SEA and SEE is achieved in different fashions by a given V beta20 T cell line.
A novel dynamic threshold method for unsupervised change detection from remotely sensed images (2014)

In this letter, a dynamic threshold method is proposed for unsupervised change detection from remotely sensed images. First, change vector analysis technique is applied to generate the difference image. Then the statistical parameters of the difference image are estimated by Expectation Maximum algorithm assuming that the change and no-change pixel sets are modelled by Gaussian Mixture Model. As a result, a global initial threshold can be identified based on Bayesian decision theory. Next, a dynamic threshold operator is proposed by incorporating the membership value of each pixel generated by the Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and the global initial threshold. Lastly, the change map is obtained by segmenting the difference image utilizing the dynamic threshold proposed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed dynamic threshold method has significantly reduced the speckle noise comparing to the global threshold method. At the same time, weak change signals are detected and detail change information are preserved much better than the FCM does.
A Primer on Cluster Analysis by James C. Bezdek [By the Book] (2018)

This book focuses on four widely used basic clustering methods suitable for most unlabeled data. The algorithms are k-means, fuzzy c-means (FCM), expectation maximization (EM), and a couple for relational clustering (sequential, agglomerative, hierarchical, and nonoverlapping). There is also a discussion of how to choose the right number of clusters for each approach. This includes internal and external validity measures for the clusters obtained by applying an algorithm. The book includes more than the four basic methods when variants and competitors are noted during discussions of the methods, and it dives into clustering approaches for big data. At the end of the chapters are historical notes, exercises, and additional examples of other algorithms. To whom is this book useful? If you have read this far, it is likely you. It is especially valuable for someone just starting to use clustering who wants background information on major underlying approaches. There are many nicely illustrated examples of clustering and validation of clusters. It is also of interest to people who know about clustering and use/develop algorithms. The book has a deep, rigorous mathematical treatment of the subject and covers work in an area with which only few are completely familiar. The historical notes are likely to be informational to most. Finally, if you teach a course on clustering, this would serve as a great textbook. It includes a deep discussion of algorithms and their variations with exercises, then moves to the modern problem of clustering big-data sets. It also shows how to evaluate the resulting partition (set of clusters). To whom is this book useful? If you have read this far, it is likely you. It is especially valuable for someone just starting to use clustering who wants background information on major underlying approaches. There are many nicely illustrated examples of clustering and validation of clusters. It is also of interest to people who know about clustering and use/develop algorithms. The book has a deep, rigorous mathematical treatment of the subject and covers work in an area with which only few are completely familiar. The historical notes are likely to be informational to most. Finally, if you teach a course on clustering, this would serve as a great textbook. It includes a deep discussion of algorithms and their variations with exercises, then moves to the modern problem of clustering big-data sets. It also shows how to evaluate the resulting partition (set of clusters).
Effect of JPEG Quality on Steganographic Security (2019)

Abstract This work investigates both theoretically and experimentally the security of JPEG steganography as a function of the quality factor. For a fixed relative payload, modern embedding schemes, such as J-UNIWARD and UED-JC, exhibit surprising non-monotone trends due to rounding and clipping of quantization steps. Their security generally increases with increasing quality factor but starts decreasing for qualities above 95. In contrast, old-fashion steganography, such as Jsteg, OutGuess, and model-based steganography, exhibit complementary trends. The results of empirical detectors closely match the trends exhibited by the KL divergence computed between models of cover and stego DCT modes. In particular, our analysis shows that the main reason for the complementary trends is the way modern schemes attenuate embedding change rates with increasing spatial frequency. Our model also provides guidance on how to adjust the embedding algorithm J-UNIWARD to substantially improve its security for high quality factors.
Analysis methods for numerical weather prediction (1986)

Abstract Bayesian probabilistic arguments are used to derive idealized equations for finding the best analysis for numerical weather prediction. These equations are compared with those from other published methods in the light of the physical characteristics of the NWP analysis problem; namely the predetermined nature of the basis for the analysis, the need for approximation because of large‐order systems, the underdeterminacy of the problem when using observations alone, and the availability of prior relationships to resolve the underdeterminacy. Prior relationships result from (1) knowledge of the time evolution of the model (which together with the use of a time distribution of observations constitutes four‐dimensional data assimilation); (2) knowledge that the atmosphere varies slowly (leading to balance relationships); (3) other nonlinear relationships coupling parameters and scales in the atmosphere. Methods discussed include variational techniques, smoothing splines, Kriging, optimal interpolation, successive corrections, constrained initialization, the Kalman‐Bucy filter, and adjoint model data assimilation. They are all shown to relate to the idealized analysis, and hence to each other. Opinions are given on when particular methods might be more appropriate. By comparison with the idealized method some insight is gained into appropriate choices of parameters in the practical methods.
The use of a custom made atlas as a template for corrective surgeries of asymmetric patients (2012)

Aim: The use of conventional mirror images does not adequately guide surgeons on the correction of facial asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of an individualized atlas as a template for corrective surgeries for patients suffering from mandibular asymmetry. The patientspecific atlas is calculated from both the original asymmetric mandible and the mirror of the same mandible registered on the cranial base. Material and Method: Three patients with history of favorable clinical outcome of the correction of their mandibular asymmetry were chosen for this pilot study. CBCT were taken before and 6 weeks after corrective surgery using NewTom 3G. Each volume was mirrored and rigidly registered on the cranial base. Surface models for both the mandible and its registered mirror were used to compute an atlas using deformable fluid registration. Corrective surgery was simulated based of the resulting atlas. Differences between the virtual simulated outcome and the actual surgical outcome were computed using UNC SPHARM-PDM toolbox. Results: The detected differences between the virtual simulated outcome and the actual surgical outcome, as characterized in 6 degrees of freedom, were smaller than 2 mm of translation and 5 degrees of rotation. This indicates that the location of the synthesized template is similar to the desired clinical outcome. Conclusions: The construction of patient-specific atlases using non-rigid registration has the potential to optimize and increase the predictability of the outcome of craniofacial corrective surgeries for asymmetric patients.
Production of the Rare Ginsenosides Compound K, Compound Y, and Compound Mc by a Thermostable .BETA.-Glycosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (2009)

The rare ginsenosides compound K, compound Y, and compound Mc were produced from the major ginsenosides Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, and Rd by a thermostable beta-glycosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius via three pathways: Rb(1)-->Rd-->compound K, Rb(2)-->compound Y-->compound K, and Rc-->compound Mc. Each of the ginsenosides was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography using standards and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based on their molecular weights. The catalytic efficiency of the enzyme for ginsenosides followed the order Rb(1) (4.8)>Rc (4.5)>Rd (1.0)>Rb(2) (0.77 mM(-1) min(-1)). The enzyme converted 1 mg/ml reagent-grade Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rc to 0.53 mg/ml compound K, 0.56 mg/ml compound Y, and 0.70 mg/ml compound Mc, respectively, at pH 5.5 and 85 degrees C after 180 min, corresponding to mole conversion yields of 94, 80, and 100% (mol/mol), respectively. The enzyme converted the major ginsenosides Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, and Rd in 10% (w/v) ginseng root extract to the rare ginsenosides with a mole yield of 99% after 24 h. These results suggest that beta-glycosidase from S. acidocaldarius can be used to produce compound K, compound Y, and compound Mc.
Software acceleration techniques for the simulation of scanning electron microscope images (2003)

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) simulator was developed based on the models used in the MONSEL software. This simulator extends earlier work by introducing an object-oriented framework and adding optimization methods based on precomputation of electron trajectories. Several optimizations enable speedup by factors of 5-100 on a single processor over unoptimized simulations without introducing additional approximations. The speedup for a particular surface depends on the self-similarity of the surface at the scale of the electron penetration depth. We further accelerate by parallelizing the calculations for a total speedup of about 100-2000 on 30 processors. The goal of this work was to create a system capable of simulating a quantitatively accurate SEM image of a relatively unconstrained surface. Results of this work include simulation software, optimization algorithms, performance measurements with various optimizations, and examples of simulated images.
Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Formed from ACHC-Rich β-Peptides (2011)

We have examined the effect of β-peptide modifications on the propensity of these helical molecules to form lyotropic liquid crystalline (LC) phases in water. All of the β-peptides we have examined contain 10 residues. In each case, at least three residues are derived from trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC), which strongly promotes folding to a 14-helical conformation. The structural features varied include the number of ACHC residues, the nature and spatial arrangement of charged side chains (cationic vs anionic), and the identity of groups at the β-peptide termini. We found that relatively small changes (e.g., swapping the positions of a cationic and an anionic side chain) could have large effects, such as abrogation of LC phase formation. The trends revealed by sequence-property studies led to the design of LC-forming β-peptides that bear biomolecular recognition groups (biotin or the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp). Structural analysis via circular dichroism and cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed the existence of two different types of self-associated species, globular aggregates and nanofibers. Nanofibers are the predominant assembly formed at concentrations that lead to LC phase formation, and we conclude that these nanofibers are the functional mesogens. Overall, these studies show how the modularity of β-peptide oligomers enables elucidation of the relationship between molecular structure and large-scale self-assembly behavior.
Identification of SNP and SSR markers in eggplant using RAD tag sequencing (2011)

The high throughput sequencing of the RAD tags allowed the discovery of a large number of DNA markers, which will prove useful for extending our current knowledge of the genome organization of eggplant, for assisting in marker-aided selection and for carrying out comparative genomic analyses within the Solanaceae family.
The PPP Banyan Vines Control Protocol (BVCP) (1995)

The PPP
Supplementary Figure 4 from Phosphorescent Light–Emitting Iridium Complexes Serve as a Hypoxia-Sensing Probe for Tumor Imaging in Living Animals (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Phosphorescent Light–Emitting Iridium Complexes Serve as a Hypoxia-Sensing Probe for Tumor Imaging in Living Animals
Introduction (2016)

Laser incision of soft tissues is understood as an energy-based, thermal process: the energy associated with the laser beam is absorbed by the tissue under the form of heat, producing a local rise of temperature. Continuous temperature increase eventually breaks molecular bonds and results in the ejection of hot plume. This process is commonly referred to as thermal laser ablation and has been extensively studied in the past, but has never been modeled for monitoring or control purposes. In this thesis, we build models capable of describing the development of laser incisions in soft tissues, given the same inputs used by the clinicians, i.e. the laser operational parameters.
Interferometric Mapping of Charge Carrier Modulation in CMOS ICs (2012)

We demonstrate spatial mapping of time-dependent electrical activity of ICs through dual-phase interferometric back-side imaging with a silicon aplanatic solid immersion lens. Inverter chains in a 180nm technology node test chip are investigated at the clock frequency of the circuit.
Differentially Private Supervised Manifold Learning with Applications like Private Image Retrieval. (2021)

Differential Privacy offers strong guarantees such as immutable privacy under post processing. Thus it is often looked to as a solution to learning on scattered and isolated data. This work focuses on supervised manifold learning, a paradigm that can generate fine-tuned manifolds for a target use case. Our contributions are two fold. 1) We present a novel differentially private method \textit{PrivateMail} for supervised manifold learning, the first of its kind to our knowledge. 2) We provide a novel private geometric embedding scheme for our experimental use case. We experiment on private content based image retrieval - embedding and querying the nearest neighbors of images in a private manner - and show extensive privacy-utility tradeoff results, as well as the computational efficiency and practicality of our methods.